matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARBONIZING COAL, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Laurent Victor Maurice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1854.
I, CLAUDE LAURENT VICTOR MAURICE, of the Town of St. Etienne (Loire),
in the French Empire, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARBONIZING COAL, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
I carbonize the coal in a coke oven, of circular or other suitable form, having
an aperture or flue in the top or dome. In the brickwork or voussoirs of this
oven I construct a series of inclined perforations or passages, which enter the
oven above the surface of the charge of coal, and are directed upwards towards
the aperture in the top. These passages communicate with a flue or flues
running round the oven, by which air is admitted; a conical sheet of air is
thus constantly flowing from the sides or shoulders of the oven to the aperture
in the top without coming in contact with the mass of coal or coke in the
oven. By this means the gas which comes off from the coal is ignited and
burnt by the cone of air, while the solid mass of coal or coke is not exposed
to the action of the air. I thus obtain a larger yield of coke than is obtained
in the ordinary ovens, in which the air is admitted at the door, and sweeps
over the surface of the mass of coal or coke, and causes the combustion of a
portion of it.
THOROUGH IMITATION OF SILK DAMASK, APPLICABLE TO THE FABRICATION OF FLOCKED PAPER HANGING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leon Méry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January 1854.
LEON MERY, Pattern Designer for Paper Hanging, 28, Prebend Street,
Arlington Square, Islington, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for THE THOROUGH IMITATION OF SILK DAMASK, APPLICABLE TO THE FABRICATION
OF FLOCKED PAPER HANGING," to be as follows:-
The said Invention, consisting of brushing in divergent ways the newly
stained paper covered with flock, which can be made either by hand work or
by machinery, which machinery the said Leon Méry is the sole and true
Inventor, and possesses designs thereof, and through which machinery the
operation can be done in less than half the time required to print the common
stained papers; the said Invention being applicable to any kind of designs
whatever generally used in the paper hanging manufactories.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER WHEN FLUIDS OR LIQUIDS ARE USED
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thomson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th November
- 1854.
I, JAMES THOMSON, of Dollar, in the County of Clackmannan, N. B., do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER WHEN FLUIDS OR LIQUIDS ARE USED" to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable when apparatus acting on what is known as the
principle of Barker's mill is resorted to, for obtaining motive power by the
pressure and flow of fluids. Heretofore the power obtained in such classes of
machinery has been in relation to the flow or escape of the fluid, whether æri-
form or others, through the orifices. Now, I have discovered a peculiar law
of fluids which is common to æriform and other fluids, by which the acting
pressure of the fluid at the feeding end of the machinery may be that which is
kept up at the source, and yet that the delivery end of the machinery shall
only void the fluid at a comparatively slow rate, consequent on its having to
pass through a very extended pipe or passage between the feed end and the
delivery end of the machinery.
The machinery in carrying out my Invention (which consists of applying
this newly discovered law to the obtaining motive power) may be greatly
varied; I do not, therefore, confine myself to any particular arrangement of
mechanical parts, nor do I confine myself to the use of a particular fluid, but
I believe the most convenient_fluid_to_be_air.;_and_the_arrangement-of-the-
apparatus which I prefer is a long-pipe-or-passage, fixed-or-formed around an

page_text: axis or cylinder which is free to rotate, and by its rotation to give motion, as is
well understood, to machinery. One end of such pipe or passage opens into a
suitable vessel, having a constant supply of air kept up thereto in a state of
compression; the other end of the long pipe or passage is open to the outer
atmosphere. The effect of this arrangement will be, that the pressure of air
at the feed end may be considerable (according to the power desired to be
obtained), and would, if allowed to flow off at a short length of pipe or distance
from the axis of motion, act identically as an ordinary Barker's mill, and the
delivery of air would correspond with the pressure; but by reason of the air
not being allowed to escape at such early period, it will be found that the
air at the distant delivery or end of the long pipe or passage will escape only
slowly, whilst at the feed end the pressure, and consequently force, will remain
the same, and the rotation of the axis will depend on that force, as if it were
an ordinary Barker's mill; whilst the delivery or outgoing of the air will be
small, and the consequent requirement of force to keep up such small supply of
air will be comparatively small also;. and this will be the case whether air or
other æriform fluids or water or other fluids be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING CIGARS AND LIGNEOUS MATERIALS OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Alexandre Testud de Beau-
regard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd January 1854.
I, FELIX ALEXANDRE TESTUD DE BEAUREGARD, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING CIGARS AND LIGNEOUS MATERIALS OR OTHER
SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
I place the cigars upon a grating or net work in a box, and I place under
this net work a shallow tray containing powdered chloride of calcium or
perchloride of iron, or other substance having a great affinity for water; a few
sheets of blotting paper are placed in the bottom of the tray to absorb moisture.
The box is covered by a lid. The moisture contained in the air in the box is
absorbed by the chloride of calcium or other hygrometric substance, and the
dry air takes up the moisture from the cigars, which are thus quickly dried.
The operation is accelerated by heating the box by a lamp or otherwise. For
drying ligneous materials and other substances I employ the hygrometric sub-
stances in conjunction with heat, and the partial removal of the pressure of the
atmosphere. The substance to be dried is placed in an air-tight box or vessel,
at the bottom of which is a quantity of chloride of calcium or other hygrometric
substance. The vessel is kept warm by a lamp or otherwise, and it is con-
nected by a pipe and cock to another vessel, the top of which is closed by a

page_text: plate or stopper accurately ground or fitted to it. This plate or stopper carries
a piece of cotton, asbestos, or other absorbent material, which is moistened with
spirits of wine and inflamed and inserted into the vessel. The air is rarefied by
the heat of the flame, and the vessel being then closed by the plate or stopper,
the flame is extinguished and a partial vacuum is formed in the vessel. The
cock is then opened, and a portion of the air in the first vessel or drying cham-
ber is drawn into the second vessel or vacuum chamber. The operation now
proceeds, and the substance in the first vessel is rapidly dried.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hutchinson, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and William Barlow, of the same Place, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 23rd March 1855, and dated the 28th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hutchinson and
William Barlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th September 1854.
We, WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and WILLIAM BARLOW, of the same Place, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS'
to be as follows:-
Our Invention refers to such boilers as are provided with one or more
flues passing through them, and consists in placing a longitudinal tubular
water chamber or chambers within such flues, communicating with the main
part of the boiler by suitable passages. In order to explain fully the nature
of our Invention, we will mention, by way of example, an arrangement we
employ. Suppose the boiler to which our improvement is to be adapted to be

page_text: cylindrical, with a flue extending through it, at one end of which the fire bars
are adapted; behind the bridge we place a water chamber concentric with the
flue, but of smaller diameter, support it therein by suitable stays, and establish
communications with the other portion of the boiler; the flue will now be in
an annular passage, which may be continued by returns in any ordinary
manner; or instead of this central water chamber we adapt a series of tubes
connected together, so as to keep the water at the same temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REDUCING FLINT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, RENDERING THEN SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN AND OTHER EARTHENWARE ARTICLES
Year: 1854

page_text: াতে
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Mayer and William Bush
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
4th September 1854.
We, SAMUEL MAYER, of Bristol, and WILLIAM BUSH, also of Bristol,
Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REDUCING FLINT AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, RENDERING THEN SUITABLE FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN AND OTHER EARTHENWARE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention consists in first passing the flint and other materials through
fluted rollers, by which they are reduced to powder, or nearly so. The
ground materials are then placed in a hopper and passed through mill-
stones, which have cavities cut therein, into which the powdered materials
enter during the revolution of the millstones, and there is a constant stream
of water which enters with the powder on the under side of the hopper,
mixing with the powdered materials, and passing through the millstones
in a fluid state. The materials in this ground and fluid state pass from
the stones down a spout, and are received into a suitable vessel ready for
use in the manufacture of porcelain, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HOUSES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHEDS AND FENCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Shand Hemming at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1854.
I, FREDERICK SHAND HEMMING, of Woodside, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON HOUSES, PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHEDS AND FENCES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to an improved mode of securing the corru-
gated iron sheets of houses and other erections to the vertical columns or
framing of such structures, the object being to prevent the necessity of making
bolt holes through the sheets. The columns are cast with rebates on opposite
sides thereof, and the galvanized iron sheets are placed (with their corrugations
lying horizontally) against the shoulders, which project laterally from the
columns. The contact edges of the shoulders of the columns are shaped to
fit the ends of the sheets, and fillets of iron or wood, having indentations on
one edge thereof, to fit the corrugated sheets, are brought into close contact
with the ends of the sheets, and these fillets being bolted to the columns, the
sheets are held firmly in place.
Secondly, my Invention relates to an improved mode of constructing the
roofs and walls of iron houses and other erections. In place of using corru-

page_text: gated iron sheets, as heretofore, I form the sheets with semicircular flutes or
grooves at their edges, and at suitable distances apart, throughout their breadth,
which flutes or grooves run from end to end of the sheets in parallel lines
(which has the appearance of stonework). I thus obtain lap-joints, which
will prevent the necessity of using bolts to secure the adjoining sheets toge-
ther, and in the case of roofs a great saving is effected in rafters, while at the
same time the sheets are more readily fixed. Where bolt holes are required
in the sheets the metal is pressed up into a conical protuberance, and a hole
is made at the apex thereof for the passage through of the bolt. This arrange-
ment is intended to throw off the water from the bolt holes, and prevent the
roof from leaking in rainy weather.
propose to
Between the sheeting and the wooden lining of iron houses I
put dried peat or charcoal, which will have the effect of rendering such houses
impervious to heat in summer and cold in winter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF REVERSING THE DIRECTION OF MOTION OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kaye at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th August 1854.
I, THOMAS KAYE, of Grange Moor, Whitley Lower, near Dewsbury, in the.
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF REVERSING THE DIRECTION OF MOTION OF STEAM
ENGINES" to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in certain new mechanical arrangements or
apparatus designed for the purpose of simplifying the mode heretofore practised
of reversing the direction of motion of steam engines, and I propose to effect
the above object by this Invention in the following manner and by the follow-
ing means, that is to say:-I employ two two-way cocks, connected together
by spur wheels, so as to operate upon said cocks simultaneously. The pipes
employed for the admission and emission of steam to and from the cylinder
I arrange and dispose for the purposes of this Invention in the following
manner: Each of the before-mentioned two-way cocks have distinct and
separate communications by means of branch pipes with the top and bottom
of the cylinder, so that, upon imparting motion during any part of the piston's
stroke to a lever affixed to one of such said cocks, the position of the steam
passage will be altered, and that which before was the eduction will now be
the induction, and the steam entering therein will thus effect the reversing

page_text: of the direction of motion of the engine; and further, by the use of the
above-mentioned lever, the motion and power can be regulated, or the engine
stopped. It is to be understood that the steam ports are covered and un-
covered by a slide valve of the ordinary kind, and the above-mentioned
two-way cocks are only designed for the purpose of reversing the engine, as
above stated, and are, therefore, only employed in combination with a slide
valve, or other similar mechanical arrangement, for effecting such said
reversing movement.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING GAS FOR ILLUMINATION
Year: 1854

page_text: vy
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emmanuel François Duquesne
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1854.
I, EMMANUEL FRANÇOIS DUQUESNE, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
MANUFACTURING GAS FOR ILLUMINATION" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the substitution of bones and other animal refuse of
a like nature for coal, resin, and such like carbonaceous matters heretofore
employed for the manufacture of gas for illumination, the object being to
simplify and cheapen the process. In carrying out this Invention I propose
to use the apparatus ordinarily employed for the manufacture of gas from
coal and resin; some modifications being, however, made in the purifying
apparatus. The retorts being charged and heated, gas is evolved, which is
conducted off to the purifiers, where it is separated from the ammoniacal and
other gaseous impurities, and is made fit for the purpose of illumination.
The residuum contained in the retort, after distillation is animal black of
superior quality, which is of great utility, and may be employed in the manu-
facture of blacking, the clarification of sugar, or as a manure, &c.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SYSTEM OF APPLYING DESIGNS TO ALL KINDS OF FABRICS, AND OF SURFACES OF WOOD, MARBLE, AND STONE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Salomon Dreyfus-Werth and
Pierre Meunier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd June 1854.
We, SALOMON DREYFUS-WERTH and PIERRE MEUNIER, of Sainte Marie-
aux-Mines (Haut Rhin), Empire of France, and of 16, Castle Street, Holborn
(City), London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED SYSTEM OF APPLYING DESIGNS TO ALL KINDS OF FABRICS, AND OF
SURFACES OF WOOD, MARBLE, AND STONE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a new or improved system for applying designs to
or ornamenting the surfaces set forth in the title. For this purpose we avail
ourselves of the chemical action of light upon colours by applying it directly
to the surfaces above mentioned. The surface to be acted upon is first rendered
sensitive by subjecting it to one or more baths of any suitable substance, such
as solutions of chloride of sodium, nitrate of silver, hyposulphite of soda,
chromate of potash, and sulphuric acid. The fabrics or other surface, after
being subjected to one or more of these baths, is well washed and dried; the
designs to be reproduced on the surface are then laid or put on it in a suitable
manner, and the whole or part of the surface thus treated exposed to the action
of solar light during a few moments. The surface, having thus received the
image or outline of the design, may have any required tint given to it by the
I
usual processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERCUSSION CAPS
Year: 1854

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Cox at the Ollice of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on the
23rd May 1854, pursuant to the 9th section of the Patent Law Amend-
ment Act, 1852.
I, JOHN Cox, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Percussion Cap
Manufacturer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PERCUSSION CAPS," and the manner in
which the saine are to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in completely lining the interior surface of percussion
caps with tin or other thin metallic foil, so as to thoroughly protect the
detonating powder from the action of damp, and also in an improved method
of finishing the cap, by pressing it into form after introducing the detonating
powder between the cap and the lining. The mode by which I effect this is
as follows:-I first strike out the copper into the usual four-leaved or three-
leaved blank by means of the ordinary punches and tools used for this
purpose, and then sink in the centre of this blank the necessary hollow for the
detonating charge. I now fill the hollow with the detonating powder, and
strike out a thin circular blank of tin foil, thin copper, or other suitable
metallic foil, and of a size just sufficient to cover the copper blank for the cap;
this is placed over the cap blank, which has the detonating charge already in

page_text: it, and the whole is removed to a press and gently brought up by gradual
pressure to the form required for the cap; the detonating charge being
contained between the cap and the lining, and the latter extending over the
entire inner surface of the cap, the charge is effectually preserved from the
action of damp. I would observe, that although a very slight sharp blow is
sufficient to fire the detonating charge, it will bear with perfect safety a
pressure of about two hundredweight gradually applied, which enables me to
press up the cap into form after the detonating charge has been introduced.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be carried into effect, I wish it to be clearly understood that
I do not confine myself to these precise details, nor do I claim the principle
of lining percussion caps generally, as I am aware that has been before done,
by employing a lining of gutta percha, and also by using a small metal blank,
sufficient only to cover the detonating charge. But that which I do claim is,
the improvements described in lining. the whole inner surface of percussion
caps with tin or other suitable thin metallic foil, and also making up the cap
into form by gradual pressure, after the detonating charge has been inserted,
in manner herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cox, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DEXTRINE, GLUCOSE, AND ALCOHOL, AND IN EMPLOYING THE PRODUCTS OF SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Poole at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January 1854.-
A communication.
I, MOSES POOLE, of the Avenue Road, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DEXTRINE, GLUCOSE, AND ALCOHOL, AND IN EMPLOYING
THE PRODUCTS OF SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in acting on saw dust, shavings, spent dye wood, the
pulp of beet root which has been used in the manufacture of sugar, potatoes,
&c., rags, the straw of flax and hemp from which the fibre has been extracted,
reeds, bark of trees, straw, hay, and other substances composed in great part
of cellulose, and also on matters containing the substance called dahline, in
such a manner as to convert them into dextrine and glucose, which is a species
of sugar, which may, be converted in the ordinary manner into alcohol. The
substance to be operated upon when in a divided state is boiled with a solution
of soda, and afterwards with hydrochloric acid, and hyprochlorite of lime, to
separate the cellulose from foreign substances. The cellulose thus prepared is
spread out on a stone floor, and sprinkled at intervals with concentrated sul-
phuric acid. After a time this compound is mixed with water and boiled, and

page_text: is then filtered and "decolorized" by hypochlorite of lime. Or in place of
operating with concentrated sulphuric acid as above described, dextrine and
glucose may be obtained by treating for a considerable time the woody and
other matters before indicated with dilute sulphuric or other acid, at a high
temperature. The operation is conducted in an apparatus capable of resisting
the high pressure which the necessary temperature produces. It must also be
constructed of a metal which is not attacked by the acid. The liquid obtained
in either case is best employed to.decompose a soap of lime to obtain the free
fatty acid, or it may be used in the manufacture of tartaric, citric, and other
acids. The fluid is then separated from the sulphate of lime formed, and may
be evaporated and crystallized, or fermented and distilled for spirit.
In the process of fermentation carbonic acid gas is formed, which I collect
in gasometers, and employ for aerating liquids, and for other purposes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNETS OR CAPS
Year: 1854

page_text: appucation for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marie Louise Lindheim at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
1st September 1854.
I, MARIE LOUISE LINDHEIM, Independent Lady, of Paris, a Town of the
French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNETS OR CAPS " to be as
follows:-
The frame or skeleton of the bonnet or cap is made of wires radiating from
the central portion or crown, and crossed by other wires of a curved or circular
form, which are provided with hinges at intervals which allow of the two sides,
or the top and bottom of the bonnet or cap, being brought together, so that it
may be packed up in a small compass. When the bonnet or cap is opened
out for use, it is kept open or expanded by a catch attached to one of the
hinges. This catch being slipped into its place prevents the hinge from
bending, and thus keeps the bonnet in shape. In lieu of hinges, vulcanized
caoutchouc or other flexible and elastic substances inay be employed, so as to
admit of the frame folding at the required parts. The frame is covered and
ornamented as may be desired.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CLEANSING SHEEP'S WOOL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Tempest, James Tomlinson,
and Henry Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th March 1854.
We, ROBERT TEMPEST, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES
TOMLINSON, of the same place, Machinists and Copartners, and HENRY SPENCER,
of the same place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CLEANSING SHEEP'S WOOL,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist in cleansing the wool from all burrs or impurities,
by passing it through machinery provided with revolving beaters and knives
or blades, placed at a suitable angle and in almost immediate contact with the
beaters. The beaters are furnished with similar blades or knives, which
project slightly from them at one edge, and as they revolve close to the bottom
or stationary blades effect a kind of grip, and retain the burrs and other
extraneous matter, arresting the burrs, &c. from further progress, and thus
allowing the cleaned fibres of the wool only to be passed between the beaters
and the grid of blades or knives. The wool is passed through the machine in
a dry state, the ordinary method being to grease or oil the wool before
cleaning it; but the novel application, employment, or use of the above-named
"scutching" machinery, as adapted to the treatment of sheep's wool, renders
the use of oil in this operation unnecessary.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB- STANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dransfield and William
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd January 1854.
We, JOHN DRANSFIELD, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Hat
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM ROBINSON, of the same place, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES" to be as follows:-
Our improvements consist, first, in the application of combs, having the
teeth curved to the "taking in" roller or rollers, or to the main carding
cylinder or cylinders, where more than one is employed, as in a double carding
engine. These combs may be applied longitudinally to or at any part or parts
of the circumference of the said taking in roller or roller, main cylinder or
cylinders, extending the whole length of the same, or they may be placed at
any angle to the axes of the said rollers or main cylinders; or, if desirable,
spirally round the circumference, or any portion of the same; the points of the
teeth of the said combs are set towards the axes or centres of the said rollers
or main cylinders, and when placed upon the upper circumference of the same,
the outer curvature or convex edges of the teeth may be placed so that the
back is turned in the direction towards which the said rollers or main cylinders
revolve; and when placed under the lower circumference of the same, the
convex edges of the teeth may be placed or turned the reverse way. These

page_text: curved combs may be applied to the clearer or clearers, or "tummer or tum-
mers," or to any part or parts of the circumference of the main cylinder or
cylinders.
Secondly, in placing a small roller below and above, or below or above only,
the axes of the clearers and main cylinders, and main cylinders and "tummer"
"tummers," for the purpose of taking off or carrying the "cotton, wool, or
other fibrous substances from the clearers to the main cylinder, and from the
main cylinder to the "tummer" or "tummers," which rollers may be covered
with fillet, sheet, or other cards. The said curved combs may, if found
desirable, be used in the place or in lieu of or interspersed with flat, top, or
other cards or rollers, being applicable to all descriptions of carding engines.
By the application and use of combs having the teeth curved, we are enabled
to stretch, clean, and open the fibres of the cotton, wool, and other fibrous sub-
stances more effectively than by the description of cards or rollers in ordinary
aise for such purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING STRAW AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Allcock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February 1854.
I, THOMAS ALLCOCK, of Ratcliffe-on-Trent, in the County of Nottingham,
Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING STRAW AND OTHER
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
In chaft cutters heretofore in use the works are outside the frame, and the
rollers being fixed a certain distance apart they are liable to stick fast when a
thicker substance is drawn between them. Now my Invention consists in
placing the whole of the works inside the frame, and in covering them with a
box; in being enabled to cut different lengths of chaff, or other vegetable
substances, and in having one roller so placed as to allow of different thick-
nesses passing between the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING TRAINS OF CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mead Terry Raymond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1854.
I, MEAD TERRY RAYMOND, of 25, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, in the
City of London, General Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING AND
STOPPING TRAINS OF CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the interposition of a carriage between the
locomotive engine and the train of carriages, in order to carry breaks and
apparatus acting by elasticity, in such manner that the breaks will ordinarily
be applied to the wheels when the train is at rest, and the breaks will only be
removed when the locomotive engine has moved a determined distance in
advance of the train, so that should the locomotive, after being in motion, be
stopped, whether by accident or otherwise, the apparatus, acting by elasticity,
will cause the breaks of the interposed carriage to be put on or brought into
action, and retard the progress of the train, and bring it to rest, or nearly so,
before it comes up to the locomotive engine; the ropes, chains, or bands by
which the interposed carriage is connected to the locomotive engine, will at

page_text: the same time be wound or taken up by the apparatus, acting by clasticity, as
the interposed carriage comes up to the locomotive engine. For these purposes,
bands of vulcanized india-rubber or metallic springs, either separately or com-
bined, are used, both for putting on the breaks and for winding or taking up
the bands, cords, or chains which connect the train, with the locomotive engine.
The object of the Invention, therefore, is to put on the breaks of the carriages
by the elasticity of the apparatus immediately on the locomotive being stopped.
whether by accident or otherwise.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTED AND FIGURED SURFACES AND SURFACES FOR PRINTING FROM
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Guiseppe Devincenzi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1854.
I, GUISEPPE DEVINCENZI, of Grosvenor Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTED AND FIGURED SURFACES AND SURFACES FOR
PRINTING FROM " to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those kind of surfaces which are employed in what
is known as "nature printing," that is to say, in which the surfaces for print-
ing from are produced in lead, gutta percha, or britannia metal by pressure;
and my Invention consists in producing my surface in copper or alloys of copper
in the following meanner :-I place the object to be re-produced upon a hard
surface, and place thereon a copper plate which has been previously softened by
being annealed or otherwise. I then submit the whole to strong pressure,
when the impression of the object will be produced upon the softened plate,
which during the process becomes again hard, and is in a fit state for printing
from; or it may be employed as a matrix from which to produce impressions
or embossing in softened copper and in other metals and substances. The
plate so re-produced from the first copper plate may also be employed to re-
produce a fac-simile of the original place by a repetition of the first process
without, however, the intervention of any substance between the metals. Again,

page_text: the softened plate with the design or object produced thereon may itself be
employed as an ornamented metal surface.
The particular part of the process which I claim as of my Invention is, the
producing of the design or object required, for whatever purpose it may be
applied, in copper or in an alloy of copper previously softened and again
rendered hard, as herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL
Year: 1854

page_text: י
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Atkinson Dayley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1854.
I, MAURICE ATKINSON DAYLEY, of London Street, Fitzroy Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Professor of Ventilation, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR THE PURPOSE OF
CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL" to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in furnaces has for its object so to con-
struct and arrange the parts of the fire-place of steam boilers, that the smoke
given off from the fuel or combustible that is most recently thrown on the fire
may be caused to pass through a mass of incandescent or ignited fuel, so that
during the passage of the vapors through the ignited mass all the combustible
and useful parts of such vapors may be burnt and consumed, thereby pre-
venting the emission of smoke from the chimney, and effecting a considerable
economy in fuel, as none of the useful parts will be allowed to escape from the
fire-place into the flue. In adapting my improvements to a cylindrical steami
boiler, for example, I propose to make the fire-place longer than usual, and to
divide the lower part or ash-pit into two parts, by means of a partition, extend-
ing across the space and under the fire bars. At the further end of the fire-
place or furnace I place another partition, which forms the end of the fire-place
It should be understood that this partition extends from the top of the fire-

page_text: place down to the level of the fire bars, and that the former partition, which is
considerably in advance of the other, extends from the under side of the fire
bars downwards to the bottom of the ash-pit. Air, and also the vapors and
smoke generated at the front part of the furnace and given off from the fresh
fuel, are therefore obliged to descend and pass between the fire bars that are
in the rear of the first partition, and after passing under the second partition
and traversing the flue will finally escape into the chimney. When the fuel in
front is in a state of incandescence, and all the smoke or unconsumed carbon
it is likely to give off has passed away, it must be pushed back on to the rear
part of the furnace, and when fresh fuel is supplied to the furnace and begins
to give off smoke or combustible gases, these latter can only reach the flue by
passing through the mass of incandescent or ignited fuel, and therefore all
the smoke and gases must be consumed. I prefer that the partitions abovo
mentioned should be hollow, for the purpose of containing water, and that
they should communicate with the main body of the boiler, for the purpose of
keeping up a continuous circulation of water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS. AND BONNETS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hyde Knapp, of 37, Cross Street, Islington,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS. AND
BONNETS."
Sealed the 27th June 1854, and dated the 3rd May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hyde Knapp
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd May 1854.
I, WILLIAM HYDE KNAPP, of 37, Cross Street, Islington, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HATS AND BONNETS" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture imitation napless hats and
bonnets, and the improvements consist of employing soft felted bodies or hat
bodies such as are used, or as are suitable for being covered with silk, and in
place of so covering the bodies I apply cement and flock the surfaces, by which
means hats having the appearance of napless hats are produced. In the
manufacture of bonnets I employ stiffened bodies made of woven fabric, and
apply cement and flock, by which the surfaces will have the appearance of
napless bonnets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cammell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April 1854.
I, CHARLES CAMMELL, of Cyclops Steel Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in making the rails for the permanent way of
railways of bars of steel, or iron bars cased with steel, or case-hardened iron, so
as to harden the surface of the rail, and enable it to resist abrasion and the
great wear and tear to which the rails are now subjected by the heavy traffic
that
passes over them..
The Invention consists, secondly, in forming the rails, whether made of
steel, iron bars coated with steel, or case-hardened iron of a peculiar form, so
that when one surface has become worn, the rail may be turned over in order
to bring one of the other and unworn sides uppermost.
For this purpose, I make the rails square or rectangular in their section, so
as to present four equal sides. By this means a great economy will be effected,
as all the four sides of the rail may in their turn serve as the upper or working
surface. This rail I propose to secure in a wrought or cast iron chair, affixed
by preference to longitudinal sleepers.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF HAY-MAKING MACHINE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Varley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June 1854.
I, SAMUEL VARLEY, of Stamford, in the County of Lincoln, Enginder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
OF HAY-MAKING MACHINE" to be as follows:- ik u m
Mik
The object of this Invention is to produce a cheap and efficient implement.
The tines I divide in two groups, as usual, and mount the axle which carries
the tine bars on a frame, that is supported by and capable of rocking on the
axle of the running wheels. This rocking motion is for the purpose of raising
and lowering the tines, and it is effected by means of a vertical screw, which
acts upon the inner end of this framing, or by a pinion taking into a segment
rack attached to the framing, or other equivalent mechanism.
The tine axle is driven by chains from chain pulleys mounted loosely on the
axle of the running wheels, and connected to the boss of the wheels by clutch
boxes in the usual way.
The tine bars I mount in spring clips, which are secured to and set radially
around the tine axle. When, therefore, the tines in their rotation, as they
pass over the hay field, meet with an obstruction that might cause them to
break, their clips will permit them to fold back, and by thus yielding escape
without injury past the obstruction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANS- MITTING POWER AND COMMUNICATING MOTION TO IMPLEMENTS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the act.j
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Atkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1854.
hh.
I, THOMAS ATKINS, of Oxford, in the County of Oxford, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANS-
MITTING POWER AND COMMUNICATING MOTION TO IMPLEMENTS FOR AGRICULTURAL AND
OTHER PURPOSES " to be as follows:-
The fire wh..
The power F propose to transmit by means of my Invention may be obtained
from water, wind, steam, heated air, or any combination of these or any other
agent, and which prime mover may be stationary or locomotive. In connexion
with the prime mover 1 propose to attach a grooved wheel, which will be sur-
rounded with an endless rope or cord, whether made of metal, hemp, cotton,
or any other elastic material.
I attach this rope or cord at the required distance to a frame named by me
a rope cart or carrier, such being provided with pullies, wheels, and other
mechanism, to secure a steady strain for transmitting power and communi-
cating motion to a carriage which I call a "communicator," and attached to
the communicator" I use a cylender of any required diameter, with one

page_text: or more smaller cylenders, as may be required, such cylenders to be set or
studded with spades, prongs, knives, teeth, or such other implements as the
work to be done may require. I make no claim for any of these parts
seperately. My Invention consists in the new combination of the machinery
for accomplishing the objects set forth in the title of this Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, FORCING, AND SUPPLYING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Whitehead and William
Whitehead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 10th March 1854.
We, FRANCIS WHITEHEAD, Draughtsman, and WILLIAM WHITEHEAD, Me-
chanician, of Crayford, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING, FORCING, AND SUPPLYING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in raising, forcing, and supplying water by means of
steam, either applied directly on the surface of the water, or applied to a
cylinder, the piston of which acts on the surface of the water, the steam being
generated in a separate vessel. To exemplify the manner in which our Invention
is carried into effect, we will describe it applied to supplying a locomotive boiler
from the tender. We make that part of the tender holding water capable of
bearing the same pressure as that which the boiler itself is able to withstand,
and we take care that the level of the bottom thereof shall be on or about the
same level as the highest point at which the water is required to be in the
boiler. We establish two communications between the tender and the boiler
by means of pipes, each of which is provided with a stop-cock. One pipe leads
from the lower part of the boiler to the under part of the tender, and the other
from above the water level in the boiler to the top or upper part of the tender..
Communication is shut off except when a supply is needed in the boiler, when

page_text: both cocks are opened, and the steam from the boiler being admitted to the
top of the water in the tender forces water through the lower communicating
pipe into the boiler. When a sufficient supply has been obtained, the
cocks are shut off. Or we admit steam from the boiler into a cylinder
fitted to the upper part of the tender, and provided with a piston and rod,
terminating at bottom in a large piston or float, which being depressed will
force water through the lower pipe into the boiler. In order to raise water
from a low to a higher level, we provide a closed tank or vessel, and connect
to the bottom thereof a pipe (provided with: a stop-cock) which leads to a
higher level. We admit steam directly on to the surface of the water or
through a cylinder on the top of the vessel, and furnished with a large piston
or float as before explained. The steam being admitted will force the contents
of the tank to a height which will vary with the pressure of the steam
employed.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December 1854.
I, GEORGE HALE, of Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, in the County of
Middlesex, Boot and Shoe Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER" to be as follows:-
My improvements in obtaining motive power consist in taking advantage of
the power of gravity, and applying the same by means of a suitable arrange-
ment of mechanical parts to drive machinery of various kinds. Power is
obtained by causing certain weights applied to or connected with rotating arms
or levers to act upon and drive a central shaft with which the said arms are
connected. The weighted levers are jointed, and so arranged, that when they
are intended to act by their gravity on the shaft to be driven, they will be
extended outwards to their greatest extent, so that their weights may be made
to act with the greatest leverage and effect on the central shaft, and cause the
same to rotate; and when the weighted arms or levers have so acted, and are
required to be brought up again into their elevated position, the weights
are brought nearer to the centre of the shaft, or of the circle of rotation, so as to

page_text: diminish the leverage, and allow the falling weights, whose leverage is much
greater, to overcome the gravity of the ascending ones. The motive power
thus obtained may be applied by causing the motion of the centre shaft to
be communicated to the main driving shaft of any machine or apparatus
required to be driven.