IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING AND BREAKING, CONTACT BETWEEN ELECTRO-MOTORS AND ACCUMULATORS COMBINED THEREWITH PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir David Salomons of Broomhill Tunbridge Wells in
the County of Kent, Baronet for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING AND BREAKING,
CONTACT BETWEEN ELECTRO-MOTORS AND ACCUMULATORS COMBINED THEREWITH
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sir David Salomons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1883.
Sir DAVID SALOMONS of Broomhill Tunbridge Wells in the County of Kent,
Baronet, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS
FOR MAKING AND BREAKING CONTACT BETWEEN ELECTRO-MOTORS AND ACCUMULATORS
COMBINED THEREWITH FOR REGULATION OF MOTORS AND INSERTING RESISTANCES
"
This invention relates to the arrangement and application of governors or
apparatus for the purpose of preventing contact from taking place between an
electro motor and an accumulator until the requisite or determined speed has been
attained by the engine or driving apparatus which actuates the electro-motor or
dynamo-machine
For this purpose according to my improvements I so arrange a ball or other
suitable governor or like apparatus actuated by the engine or driving apparatus
that the electric current generated by an electro motor or dynamo-machino shall
not be transmitted through an accumulator (or series of accumulators) until the
engine or driving apparatus has attained a requisite or determined speed at which
the electric current is to be allowed to pass to the accumulators (or elsewhere)
to absorb any excess of the electric current not required for immediate use
and when at rost may either simply break the circuit or shunt it to some other
circuit.
One method amongst others of making contact by the action of the governor of
the engine or driving annaratos is as follows:

page_text: The governor rod descends as the speed of the engine increases and as tho
insulated and forked end of the governor rod descends into iron or glass cups
(which are insulated) containing mercury and furnished with terminals the circuit
is closed
The cups containing mercury may be mounted on a table arranged to rise and
fall for adjusting the level of the contact to the speed
The iron or glass cups may have wood ebonito or other lids of non-conducting
material with a hole in each to allow the points of the fork to pass through and
so prevent any possibility of contact by the fork being turned to touch the sides
of the cups which might happen if the governor swivel worked stiff
Amongst other uses than that of charging accumulators for instance, for closing
the circuit of any running dynamo-machine or to run with an electro-motor for
any purpose such for example as when the electro-motor is run by a small accumu-
lator till discharged. Or a place may be lighted for an hour or any other time
required or may work with a shunt current for a time with an indicating dial
attached.
Or the system may also be used as an electric light relay or motor relay.
The apparatus may either be heavy or only a few ounces in weight
The governor or apparatus may also be employed-to vary the resistance in a
current for any purpose such as for lighting or chiefly for motors with varying
loads. To accomplish this the governor may cause a rod to dip more or less into
a tube of mercury or carry a rod with wire coils dipping into mercury for variable
resistances by unequal reduction or for equal resistance by equal, reduction or by
compressing or extending a spiral so that more or less coils or surface contact touch
thus cutting out by short circuiting. Or the same result may be obtained by more
or less displacement by putting more or less of the rod in circuit as the mercury
rises by the descent or rising of the governor rod or by compressing carbon plates
so that when the. rod rises pressure increases and vice versa thus altering the
resistance. Or by putting in resistance coils either by the rise of the mercury or
by any other suitable means.
-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Sir David Salomons in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd December 1883.
J
Sir DAVID SALOMONS of Broomhill Tunbridge Wells in the County of Kent
Baronet. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF GOVERNORS OR APPARATUS
FOR MAKING AND BREAKING CONTACT BETWEEN ELECTRO-MOTORS AND ACCUMULATORS
COMBINED THEREWITH FOR REGULATION OF MOTORS AND INSERTING RESISTANCES "
This Invention relates to the arrangement and application of governors or
apparatus for the purpose of preventing contact from taking place between an
electro motor and an accumulator until the requisite or determined speed has been
attained by the engine or driving apparatus which actuates the electro-motor or
dynamo-machine.
For this purpose in carrying my Invention into practice according to one part of
my improvements I so arrange a ball or other suitable governor or like apparatus
actuated by the engine or driving apparatus that the electric current generated by
an electro motor or dynamo machine shall not be transmitted through an accumu-
lator (or series of accumulators) until the engine or driving apparatus has attained
a requisite or determined speed at which the electric current is to be allowed to
pass to the accumulators or elsewhere to absorb any excess of the electric current
not required for immediato use and when at rest may either simply break the
circuit or shunt it to some other circuit.
One method amongst others of making contact by the action of the governor of
the engine or driving apparatus is as follows:-
The governor rod descends as the speed of the engine increases and as the
insulated and forked end of the governor rod descends into iron glass or other
suitable cups (which are insulated) containing mercury and furnished with
terminals the circuit is closed as reprosented by Diagram Figure 1 of the Drawings
hereto annexed.
The cups containing mercury may be mounted on a table arranged to rise and
fall for adjusting the level of the contact to the speed.
The iron glass or other insulated cups may have wood ebonite or other lids of
non-conducting material with a hole in cach to allow the points of the fork to pass
through and so prevent any possibility of contact by the fork being turned to
touch the sides of the cups which might happen if the governor swivel worked
stiff.
Amongst other uses than that of charging accumulators for instance for closing
the circuit of any running dynamo machine or to run with an electro motor for
any purpose such for example as when the electro motor is run by a small accumu-
lator till discharged. Or a place may be lighted for an hour or any other time
required or may work with a shunt current for a time with an indicating dial
attached.
Or the system may also be used as an electric light relay or motor relay
The apparatus may either be heavy or only a few ounces in weight.
The governor or apparatus may also be employed to vary the resistance in a
current for any purpose such as for lighting or chiefly for motors with varying
loads. To accomplish this the governor may cause a rod to dip more or less into a
tube of mercury or carry a rod with wire coils dipping into mercury for variable
resistances by unequal reduction (see Diagram Figure 2) or for equal resistance by
equal reduction (see Diagram Figure 3) or by compressing or extending.a spiral
so that more or less coils or surface contact touch thus cutting out by short
circuiting (see Diagrams 4 and 5). Or the same result may be obtained by more

page_text: or less displacement by putting more or less of the rod in circuit as the mercury
rises by the descent or rising of the governor rod (see Diagram Figure 6) or by
compressing carbon plates so that when the rod rises pressure increases and vice
versa thus altering the resistance (see Diagram Figure 7). Or by putting in
resistance coils either by the rise of the mercury or by any other suitable means.
In order to charge accumulators (in accordance with my improvements) placed
in parallel circuit with the lamps the cells being placed in series or parallel or
compound the following plan is available for that object.
When dynamo machines are used to charge accumulators the whole set in ono
series the electro motive force of the charging current must exceed the electro
motive force of the accumulators by a certain amount and in general such electro-
motive force would be too high for the lamp circuit especially when incandescent
lamps are used.
Now the object of my improvements is to overcome this difficulty by auto-
matically placing a resistance in the lamp circuit whilst the dynamo machinė
is running with the accumulators also in circuit and thus reducing the electro
motive force of the lamp circuit to its normal electro-motive force leaving the
current of higher electro-motive force to charge the accumulators..
Thus the dynamo machine may charge the accumulators and supply the lamp
circuit at once if desired and my improvements further permit of the following
convenient and automatic method of arranging an installation.
:
It may in some cases be necessary to insert a small resistance in the accumulator
circuit and in this case it may be put in automatically after the same manner as
the resistance which is put in the lamp currents in any suitable mechanical way.
According to my improvements all that is required is that a second set of
contacts shall be mechanically connected with the governor apparatus so as to put
in or out the required resistance when at work or when not in use.
In order to render this clear I have appended Diagram Figure 8.
A second improvement in electric governor contact apparatus is here included
vis that of centrifugal force. For instance a cup a containing any liquid to be
rovolved by the engine or other motive force then the liquid will rise in proportion
to the speed and make contact in any suitable mechanical manner vis; by a
dipping wire or by a piston being raised or by the cup a being made partly of a
conducting material and partly of a non-conductor so that the rise of the liquid
in the cup a shall make contact in consequence of the rise as is illustrated by
Diagram Figure 9.
Or the rod or axis a' may have a small disc a² with a brush b rubbing upon it
as is also shown in the samo Diagram Figuro 9 the cup a also having a second
brush b¹ rubbing on it.
The following is an example of the resistance introduced.
;
Supposo an installation of 50 Swan lamps of 20 candle power requiring a
100 volt current and 0.6 Amperes per lamp.
100
R
=
2.e. R.
100
30
= 3%, Ohms.
Suppose accumulators having a charging current of 25 Amperes at 110 volts.
Thus resistance of lamp circuit 30 =
Again if electric motive force equals 110 volts (the electro motive force of
dynamo current) then to keep the current at 30 Amperes the resistance must be;
increased thus
110
110
30 = and R
=
80
= 3², Ohms.
Hence resistance of lamp circuit must be increased / Ohm so that the lamps.
shall still receive the 100 volt current notwithstanding that the dynamo is giving
a current at 110 volts and this resistance must be placed in circuit before reaching
the lamps.
The Dinaram Ficus 10 shows this

page_text: :
Hence for the extra convenience /, I must be lost when lamps are burning and
accumulators being charged at the same time. At other times there would not be
this loss for if accumulators only are being charged then the lamp circuit is open.
When no lamps are alight or by switching off and if dynamo is working the lamps
only its speed may be lowered to give a current of 100 volts instead of 110 volts
but by inserting the (automatically placed) resistance in lamp circuit when
the dynamo is running no loss is the result unless the lamps aro alight at the same
time as the accumulators are charging and without such arrangement this would
not be practicable and further since when the dynamo stops its circuit is cut and
at the same time the resistance is removed from the lamp circuit the accumulators
then act for lighting in the normal manner.
Diagram Figuro 10 shews the above described arrangement.
Another method of charging accumulators using a current of the same electro-
motive force as required by the lamp current is by placing a certain number of
the cells of the accumulator in parallel circuit whilst charging and replacing these
again in series for discharging and this may be done automatically by the governor
arrangement by making or breaking a series of contacts which will accomplish
this and the method I propose for the compound switch is as follows represented
by Diagram Figure 11. A bar oscillating about its axis carrying a number of
insulated arms which shall dip into cups of mercury or other medium thus or by
any other similar method.
This kind of switch will also allow a battery of accumulators having double
the electro motive force of the dynamo to be charged by it by switching the cells
two in parallel whilst charging and back again to series on stopping the dynaino.
Also another way of making channels in a board and tilting it from one
position to another so that the channels of mercury which join differently for the
different positions (see Diagram 12).
By this diagram it will be seen that if wires dip into the places marked × they
will be connected differently according as A or B is lowest.
Having thus described the nature of my invention and the manner of performing
or carrying the same into practice I would remark that I make no claim to any of
the parts or apparatus separately which are well known and in common use, but
what I claim is :-
First, The arrangement and application of governors or apparatus for making
and breaking contact between electro motors and accumulators substantially as and
for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by Figuro 1 of the drawings
hereto annexed.
I also claim the application of such governor apparatus for closing the circuit of
a dynamo machine or to run with an electro motor for electric lighting or other
like purpose or to work with a shunt current for a given time indicated by a dial
substantially as and for the purposes bereinbefore described.
I also claim the application and use of such govornor apparatus as an electric
light relay or motor relay substantially as described.
Second. I claim the application of governors or apparatus to vary the resistanco
in an electric current for electric lighting or for motors with varying loads or for
other like purpose substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the drawings hereto
annexed.
Third. I claim the arrangement and application of electric governors or
apparatus for automatically placing resistances in the lamp circuit and in the
accumulator circuit whilst the dynamo machine is running with the accumulators
in circuit substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described
and illustrated by Figure 8 of the drawings annexed.
Fourth. I claim the arrangement and application of electric governor contact
apparatus for making and breaking contact substantially in the manner and
for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by Figure 9 of the
drawings annexed.

page_text: Fifth. I claim the arrangement and introduction of resistances into electric
currents substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and illustrated by Figure 10 of the drawings annexed.
Sixth. The arrangement and application of electric governor and switch
apparatus for making and breaking a series of contacts in electric circuits
substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
illustrated by Figures 11 and 12 of the drawings annexed.
In witness whereof I the said David Salomons have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twentieth day of December in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
DAVID L SALOMONS (L.S.)