IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Frederick Hayes, of the Royal Small Arms
Factory, Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM."
Sealed the 29th April 1862, and dated the 5th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Frederick Hayes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1861.
1, CHARLES FREDERICK HAYES, of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Eufield,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to obtain a very rapid generation of steam.
For this purpose I employ a metal pipe of small diameter, but of suitable
strength, and laid in coils subject to the direct action of the heat of the fur-
nace. As steam is desired to be generated, I cause water in very small
quantities to pass into the heated part of the pipe, by which it immediately
becomes converted into steam, which by a valve or other passage passes into
another pipe (or an extension of the piping), which is also laid in coils in a
superheating chamber, and there terminates in a rose head or other suitable
means adapted to finely distribute the steam into this chamber, for the ready
conversion of it there into high-pressure steam. I use a small force pump
Prion 8d1

page_text: worked by a steam engine or other power, for the purpose of forcing the water
from a suitable reservoir into the piping. The superheating chamber is
formed and fixed so that the whole surface thereof may, as much as possible,
be subject to the direct action of the heat of the fire, and of the heated products
of combustion passing therefrom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Frederick Hayes in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FREDERICK HAYES, of the Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Frederick Hayes, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Frederick Hayes, iny executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Charles Frederick Hayes, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others.from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Frederick Hayes, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals,should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Frederick Hayes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of the improvements is to obtain a very rapid generation of
steam. For this purpose I employ a metal pipe of small diameter, but of
suitable strength, and suitably placed, so as to be subject to the direct action of

page_text: the heat of the furnace, as the means forholding and supplying the water during
its conversion into steam. As steam is desired to be generated, I cause water
in very small quantities to pass into the heated part of the pipe, by which the
water immediately becomes converted into steam, which, by a valve or other
passage, passes into another pipe (or an extension of the piping), which is laid
in coils; or otherwise, in a superheating or surcharging chamber, and there
this pipe terminates in a rose head, or other suitable means, adapted to finely
distribute the steam obtained into this chamber for the ready conversion of it
there into high-pressure steam. I use a small force pump,worked by a steam
engine or other power, for the purpose of forcing the water from a suitable
reservoir into the piping.
The superheating or surcharging chamber is formed and fixed so that the
whole surface thereof may, as much as possible, be subject to the direct action
of the heat of the fire, and of the heated products of combustion passing
therefrom.
But that the nature of the said Invention may be better understood, I will
proceed to describe means which I have found to answer well in carrying the
same into effect.
Figure 1 shows a plan, in section; Figure 2, a transverse section; and
Figure 3, a longitudinal section; and Figure 4, an external view of apparatus
arranged to carry out my improvements.
a is the fireplace or furnace, b the piping for receiving the water to be con-
verted into steam, and which water is supplied from a suitable reservoir by
means of a pump c, worked by a steam engine or other power. By the heat
of the fire generated in the fireplace a, the pipe b becomes highly heated,
heating first the part b' of it which is over the fire, but sufficiently above the
intense heat thereof to prevent injury to such piping. This piping I by
preference lay in a coiled or serpentine form, as shown, and it is also, by pre-
ference, made upof short lengths, having right and left hand threads connected
by sockets 63, 63. The water, as it is forced in small quantities by the pump
into the heated part 6' of the pipe b,is instantaneously converted into steam,
which then passes with increasing velocity from this part of the pipe through
the whole length thereof, becoming surcharged in its course. The steam
generated in the part of the pipe which is over the furnace thence passes
through the induction valved into the next length of piping 63, which is also
laid in a serpentine, or it may be in a coiled figure,within and at the bottom of
the surcharging or saperheating chamber e; after traversing this part 63 of the
pipe, the steam is allowed to escape from the pipe 63 into the chamber e
through a rose head fperforated with a number of small holes. This chamber

page_text: or cylinder e is so formed that the whole surface thereof may, as much as
possible, be subject to the direct action of the heat of the fire, and of the
heated products of combustion passing therefrom. For this purpose it is, by
preference, of a cylindrical shape. o is a funnel or chimney for the escape of
the products of combustion. The other sides of the flues are formed by the
outer casing or jacket g, g, which acts with the chamber e, as a steam receiver
or store for the surcharged steam. The outside of this chamber g,I cover with
a non-conductor of heat, for the purpose of preventing as much as possible
the escape of heat therefrom. The communications between the chamber e
and the chamber g,I prefer to be made by very strong hollow staysh,h, screwed
into the plates of each chamber. These stays not only answer as passages for
communication between the two chambers, but are a great assistance in con-
necting them. There are also other stay connections i, i, made by wrought-
iron brackets. The part of the jacket exposed to the greatest amount of heat
from the fire is protected with fire-bricks, as shown at j, j.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention,and the means which I
adopt in carrying my improvements into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details shewn and described; but
what I claim is, the adaptation or combination of means for generating steam
substantially as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Frederick Hayes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
CHAS. F. HAYES. (L.S.)