IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLI- CABLE TO THE CONVERSION OF CEREAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES INTO SACCHARINE MATTER; IN TREATING AND PURIFYING SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED FROM MALT, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES; IN TREATING FATTY MATTERS. AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS."
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Allibon, of the City of Worcester, Engineer,
and Alexandre Manbré, of 81, Baker Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Sugar Refiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLI-
CABLE TO THE CONVERSION OF CEREAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES INTO
SACCHARINE MATTER; IN TREATING AND PURIFYING SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES
EXTRACTED FROM MALT, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES; IN TREATING FATTY
MATTERS. AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Allibon and
Alexandre Manbré at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st October 1867.
We, GEORGE ALLIBON, of the City of Worcester, Engineer, and ALEXANDRE
MANBRÉ, of 81, Baker Street, in the County of Middlesex, Sugar Refiner, do
bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS APPLICABLE TO THE CONVERSION OF CEREAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES INTO
SACCHARINE MATTER; IN TREATING AND PURIFYING SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES
EXTRACTED FROM MALT, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES; IN TREATING FATTY MATTERS,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I construct a close vessel usually of wrought or cast iron,
and of a cylindrical form; it is built up in segments, and by preference

page_text: It
each segment is made semi-cylindrical and of a convenient length.
is made with external flanges all round, and the flanges of the several
segments fit accurately together, and are secured the one to the other by
screw bolts. The segments are each covered internally with a sheet of lead,
tin, copper, brass, silver, platinum, or other lining metal which will not act
injuriously on the liquid with which the boiler or vessel is to be worked or be
injuriously acted on thereby. The edges of these sheets are turned down over
the flanges of the segments, and when the segments are fixed together the
lining sheets are firmly clamped between the flanges. The ends of the boiler
or vessel it is preferred to make hemispherical and also in segments; usually
they are made of cast iron and strengthened with suitable ribs, whilst the
cylindrical part of the boiler we prefer to make of wrought iron. We would
remark, however, that the form of the boiler or close vessel may be varied, but
in all cases we form it with flanged segments, each covered with a sheet of
lining metal, which when the segments are fixed together is firmly clamped
between the flanges. In this manner a lined boiler or vessel capable of
sustaining pressure is obtained without the use of soldered joints.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Allibon and Alexandre Manbré in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st April 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
ALLIBON, of the City of Worcester, Engineer, and ALEXANDRE MANBRÉ, of
81, Baker Street, in the County of Middlesex, Sugar Refiner, send
greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
George Allibon and Alexandre Manbré, Her special licence that we, the said
George Allibon and Alexandre Manbré, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said George Allibon and. Alexandre
Manbré, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE CONVERSION OF CEREAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
INTO SACCHARINE MATTER; IN TREATING AND PURIFYING SACCHARINE SUBSTANCES
EXTRACTED FROM MALT, FRUITS, AND VEGETABLES; IN TREATING FATTY MATTERS,.
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL PRODUCTS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said George Allibon and Alexandre Manbré, our exe-,
cutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexandre Manbré, on behalf of myself
and the said George Allibon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly.
described and, ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say :-
We construct a close vessel usually of wrought or cast iron, and of a
cylindrical form; it is built up in segments, and by preference each segment
is made semi-cylindrical and of a convenient length. It is made with external
flanges all round, and the flanges of the several segments fit accurately together,
and are secured the one to the other by screw bolts. The segments are each
covered internally with a sheet of lead, tin, copper, brass, silver, platinum, or
other lining metal which will not act injuriously on the liquid with which the
boiler or vessel is to be worked or be injuriously acted on thereby. The
edges of these sheets are turned down over the flanges of the segments, and
when the segments are fixed together the lining sheets are firmly clamped
between the flanges; the ends of the boiler or vessel it is preferred to make.
hemispherical, and also in segments; usually they are made of cast iron and
strengthened with suitable ribs, whilst the cylindrical part of the boiler we
prefer to make of wrought iron. We would remark, however, that the form of
the boiler or close vessel may be varied, but in all cases we form it with
flanged segments each covered with a sheet of lining metal, which when the
segments are fixed together is firmly clamped between the flanges. In this
manner a lined boiler or vessel capable of sustaining pressure is obtained
without the use of soldered joints.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto

page_text: Figure 1 is a side view of a vessel constructed according to our Invention,
and adapted for the treatment with beat and high pressure of materials which
cannot advantageously be so heated in an ordinary iron boiler on account
éither of the corrosive action which the materials would have on the iron, or
of the discoloration or injurious action which the iron would exert on the
matters under treatment; Figure 2 is a plan, Figure 3 is a horizontal
section, and Figures 4 and 5 are vertical sections of the vessel.
:
The central part of the vessel as it is represented in the Drawing consists
of six semi-cylindrical parts a, a, each consisting of a curved plate of wrought
iron and a frame of angle iron passing all round its edge, and forged and
welded at its corners. Each part is covered with a sheet of the lining metal,
it may be lead or other metal which is applicable in the process which it is
desired to conduct. The sheet of lining metal is beaten to form so as to
make it overlap and fit accurately to the flanges in the manner shown at
Figures 6 and 7, which represent full size a plan and a vertical section of a
portion of two of the semi-cylindrical parts where they come together. As
the Drawing indicates the parts are held together by screw bolts and nuts,
and as at the corners where four parts meet the bolts cannot be got into the
flanges sufficiently close together we bolt clips a', a', on to the flanges, and
draw the adjacent ends of the clips together by a screw bolt. In order also
more effectually to close these corners we cut out of the lining plates of the two
adjacent parts forming a complete cylindrical section, pieces a³, a³, Figure 6,
and introduce in lieu thereof a single piece of the same metal. The ends of
the vessel we cast each in four pieces with flanges, over which the lining
metal is turned, so that when the parts are bolted together it is nipped
between the flanges in the same way as with the other portions of the vessel.
b is a head of brass or other suitable metal bolted on to the top of the vessel;
in it are fitted safety valves and cocks for the admission of steam and of the
material to be treated; c is a steam pipe of the same material as the lining
metal, or of other material which will not be corroded by or act injuriously on
the materials under treatment; d is a draw-off cock of brass or other material
fitted to the bottom of the vessel.
Figure 8 is a side view and Figure 9 a plan on a smaller scale of a series
of such vessels set up conveniently for use.
Apparatus such as is above described may very usefully be employed in the
conversion of cereal and vegetable substances into saccharine matter in the
manner described in the Specification of a Patent granted to one of us, viz.,

page_text: the said Alexandre Manbré, and dated the 4th day of March 1864
(No. 552).
It may also advantageously be employed in treating and purifying saccharine
substances extracted from malt, the process of mashing being carried on in
this vessel, and being expedited and rendered more complete by the application
of heat above the boiling temperature whilst the air is excluded; this process
coagulates impurities which would otherwise be injurious.
Saccharine substances extracted from fruit and vegetables may also advan-
tageously be treated in such a vessel; thus cane and beetroot juice may be
defecated and its impurities removed by passing high-pressure steam into it,
and so raising it above a boiling heat.
These processes could not be advantageously carried on in ordinary iron
vessels, as the vegetable juices would act more or less on the iron, and the
color of the material under treatment would be injured. The vessel may also
advantageously be employed when treating fatty matters with acid and heat.
Many other well-known chemical operations may also advantageously be
conducted in it.
What we claim is the constructing a close lined vessel or apparatus
capable of sustaining a heavy pressure in the manner herein-before described.
We also claim the building up a close vessel or apparatus of flanged parts
bolted together and with a lining of metal sheets secured at their edges
between the flanges of the said parts.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexandre Manbré, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
ALEXANDRE MANBRE.
(L.8.)