MAKING WROUGHT METAL NAILS BY MACHINERY
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Clarini, of New York, U.S.A., for the
Invention of "MAKING WROUGHT METAL NAILS BY MACHINERY."
Sealed the 4th November 1859, and dated the 22nd June 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Clarini at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd June 1859.
I, CHARLES CLARINI, of New York, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "MAKING WROUGHT METAL NAILS BY MACHINERY," to be
as follows:
My improvement consists in the construction and arrangement of certain
machinery by which I manufacture wrought nails of various forms cheaply and
with rapidity. The construction is as follows:-I prepare a solid and sufficient
framework a, a, consisting of a base and standards or uprights, in two of which
the main shaft is hung. This main shaft 6 has a cylindrical cam at its centre
portion between the bearings, in the periphery of which there are two irregular
grooves c, c, for the purpose of giving motion to side hammers (herein-after
described.) Between this centre cam and the bearings are sunk cranks or their
equivalents. One of these cranks d, is connected with an arm e' on a shaft e, that
serves as the fulcrum of a top hammer (also to be described) by means of a
connecting rod d¹. In front of the main shaft b there are two other standards
supporting a stout shaft that sustains a vibrating anvilf, said anvil being vibrated
by means of the sunk crank f2 coupled therewith by the connecting rod f¹. It
will be noticed that the anvil f will, by this arrangement, be carried into two
different extreme positions at each revolution of the crank, and while passing
the dead centres will remain practically in a state of rest, at which time the
blows of the hammers are given. The top hammer g is loose on its fulcrum or

page_text: shaft e, and beside it an arm projects out at e², on the side of which are two
jaws near the outer end that embrace the shank of the hammer g, as clearly
represented in the Figures 2. These jaws do not embrace the hammer tight,
but leave a space so as not to transmit the shock of the blow to the shaft c.
The top hammer strikes upon the flat part f³ of the anvil, in which is sunk
grooves to receive the nail rods. After this blow is struck the top hammer is
raised, and the anvil vibrated forward so as to bring the part finto the
previous position of f³. On this part f, there is a projection which passes
between the nail rods, and has a face on each side. When this has come into
strike a horizontal blow
upper
end
place, the two side hammers are brought up and
against the side of the projection f. These side hammers h are each pivotted on
an upright shaft i, the arm of the hammer being keyed tight thereto. The
journal bearings of these shafts are adjustable, so as to be raised or lowered, by
means of which new surfaces of the hammers are brought to bear upon the
nail rod as it wears. By this arrangement the hammers are made to wear a
greater length of time. On this shaft there is a sleeve k, having on its lower
end an arm that works into the groove c, on the cam of the main shaft b
heretofore described, by which it is vibrated horizontally. On the
of the sleeve there is another arm, with jaws similar to that on shaft e,
lettered ³, which actuates the horizontal hammer h and gives the side blow.
The nail rod is fed in at x by hand, regulated by a guage, or it may be auto-
matically fed forward, so as to project over the anvil, as at m, and it then
receives alternating blows on opposite sides until the nail is formed and ready
to be cut off. This last operation is performed by the following apparatus:-
The standard n, just in front of the vibrating anvil, has a permanent rest,
through which the feed slide m of the nail rod moves, and a projection n' from
standard n furnishes an additional support n³ for said slide. This projection is
hollow, and a shaft o having a crank on its outer end runs through it, and on
the inner end of the shaft there is a forked arm at o', that embraces a connecting
P.
the rod P is attached at one end to a wrist on an arm that projects down
from a bent shaft that forms the centre of motion of a cutter t, the front edge
of which curves up so as to cut off the nail as it rises. The rod p has the
hook catch like that of a valve motion in steam engines, as clearly seen in
Figure 2at q, and when it is raised by the crank on the shaft o, actuated by
the hand of the operator, it catches on a stud on the anvil at 2, and at the
next vibration of the anvil, the cutter is raised and the nail cut off.
rod
It is obvious that modifications of this simple machine may be made for
special purposes and other well-known equivalents of the above described
elements may be substituted for the specific parts without changing the

page_text: character or purpose of the machine, and all such obvious substitutes would be
a violation of my right. In Figure 3, a modification of the anvil and hammers
is shewn, by which the number of rail rods acted upon by the same machine
at once, may be increased, Jn this Figure it will be seen that there are a
5 number of offsetts in the anvil, the top hammer and the side hammers, on each
of which a nail may be wrought.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Clariui in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLEST
CLARINI, of New York, U.S.A., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Clarini, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Clarini, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as J, the
said Charles Clarini, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for. "MAKING
WROUGHT METAL NAILS BY MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Clarini, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Clarini, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a top plan of the machine; Fig. 2
is a side elevation. Like parts are distinguished by the same letters of
reference in both Figs.
My improvement consists in the construction and arrangement of certain

page_text: machinery by which wrought metal nails of various patterns are cheaply and
rapidly made. The construction is as follows:-I prepare a solid and sufficient
framework a, a, consisting of a base and standards, in two of which the main
shaft is hung, this main shaft 6 has a cylinder on it between its bearings, in
the periphery of which are two irregular cam grooves c, c, for the purpose of
giving motion to the side hammers hereafter described; between this cylinder
and the bearings at each end are sunk cranks or their equivalent; one of these
sunk cranks d is connected with an arm e', on a shaft e that serves as the
fulcrum of a top hammer (hereafter described) by means of a connecting rod d'.
In front of the main shaft b there are two other standards supporting a stout
shaft that supports a vibrating anvil f, said anvil being vibrated by means of
the sunk crank f, coupled with it by the connecting rod f', it will be noticed,
that the anvil will, by this arrangement, be carried into two different extreme
positions at each revolution of the said crank, and while passing the dead
centers will remain in a state of rest a sufficient time for the blow of the
hammers to be given. The top hammer g is loose on its shaft or fulcrum e, to
the latter is affixed an arm e², that extends out beside the hammer arm bearing
ou its end two jaws that embrace the arm or stock of the hammer loosely,
leaving a space for it to play in, so as not to transmit the shock of the blow to
the shaft e. The top hammer strikes upon the horizontal part of the anvil f³,
in which is sunk grooves to receive the nail rods. After this blow is struck,
the top hammer is raised, and the anvil vibrated forward, so as to bring the
part f, there is a projection that passes between the nail rods, and has a face
on each side. When this has come into place, the two side hammers are
brought up and strike a horizontal blow against the side of the projection f*,
these side hammers h are each pivoted on an upright shaft i, the arm of the
hammer being keyed tight thereto. The journal bearings of these shafts are
adjustable, so as to be raised or lowered, by which means new surfaces of the
hammer are brought in contact with the nail rod as the face wears. By this
arrangement the hammers are made to wear a greater length of time. On the
shafts there is a sleeve k, having on its lower end an arm that works into the
cam groove c on the main shaft b, heretofore described, by which the arm is
vibrated with the sleeve, on the upper end of which there is another arm k,
with jaws similar to that on the shaft e, this actuates the hammer h, and gives
the side blow. The nail rod is fed at x by hand, regulated by a guage, or it
may be automatically fed forward so as to project over the anvil, as at M, and
it there receives alternating blows on opposite sides until the nail is formed
and ready to be cut off. This last operation is to be performed by the follow-
ing apparatus: The standard n, just in front of the vibrating anvil, has a

page_text: permanent rest through which the feed slide m of the permanent rest moves,
and a projection n', from standard n, furnishes an additional support n³ for said
slide, this projection is hollow and a shaft o having a crank on its outer end
inoves through it, and on the inner end of the shaft there is a forked arm at e¹
that embraces a connecting rod p. The rod p is attached at one end to the
wrist on an arm that projects down from a bent shaft that forms the center of
motion of the cutter t, the front edge of which curves up so as to cut off the
nail as it rises. The rod p has the hook catch like that used in connecting
the valve motion of steam engines, as clearly seen at q. Fig. 2, and when it is
raised by the hand crank on the shaft o, it catches on a stud q' on the anvil,
and at the next vibration of the anvil the cutter is raised and the nail is cut off.
It is obvious that modifications of this simple machine may be made for
special purposes, and other mechanical equivalents of the above described
elements may be substituted for the specific parts without changing the
character of the machine, or its purpose, and all such obvious substitutes
would, by their use, be a violation of my right. For instance, a modification
of the anvil and hammers may be made so that the number of nail rods acted
on in the same machine at once may be increased. This may be effected by
forming a number of offsets in the anvil, the top hammer and the side hammers,
on each of which a nail may be wrought.
Having thus described my Invention for making wrought nails, what I claim
therein as new, and for which I desire to secure the exclusive right by Letters
Patent, is,
First, the combination of the top and side hammers or their equivalents, and
an anvil having two or more faces, as herein described, so as to form two or
more nails at a time, as above specified.
I also claim the apparatus for connecting the driving shaft with the top
hammer, as above specified, and the connection of the side hammers with the
driving shaft to produce the requisite motions thereof, and permit their
adjustment as and for the purposes set forth.
I also claim the arrangement and operation of the cutter, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I have hereto set my hand and seal, this 17th day of
Vitness,
W. V. LIDGERWOOD.
CHARLES CLARINI. (L.S.)