matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING SIGNALS IN CARRIAGES, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARD IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd November
1864.
I, JOHN WALKER, of Regent Street, in the City of Westminster, Watch
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING SIGNALS IN CARRIAGES, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE
FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARD IN RAILWAY TRAINS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in placing fan blades, either vertically or horizontally,
on the top or side of railway or other carriages, which compress the air into a
narrow tube, in the mouth of which a whistle is fitted, when the blades are
allowed to rotate, and in fitting a stop or detent to prevent the rotation of the
blades, which stop is capable of being withdrawn by a cord, rod, chain, or
spring from the inside of the carriage when a signal is to be made. On the
detent being withdrawn the rotation of the fan, consequent upon the passage
of the carriage through the air, compresses the air into the narrow tube and
sounds the whistle as long as the fan is allowed to rotate.
In some cases I dispense with a fan and use a box or case with an entrance
aperture fitted with a valve and an exit aperture, to which a whistle is fitted
either directly or through a tube; I then connect the valve with a pull inside
the carriage, so that on its being withdrawn the whistle will be sounded.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING SHIPS OR VESSELS IN DOCKS OR BASINS WHILE UNDERGOING REPAIR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
April 1864. A communication from abroad by Louis Michel Breysse,
of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING SHIPS OR
VESSELS IN DOCKS OR BASINS WHILE UNDERGOING REPAIR," to be as follows:
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the use of the numerous
props and struts usually employed for supporting a ship or vessel in a vertical
position and prevent her from bulging while undergoing repair.
To this end a kind of jointed framework or cradle is placed in the dock, and
the ship is floated into this cradle, and when the water is removed from the
dock the vessel rests upon the cradle, the side pieces of which are moved up
to and made to press against and support the sides of the vessel.
The side
pieces are moved forward by mechanical means, such as by a rack-and-pinion
motion, or by screws, or by hydraulic power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUZES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Lancaster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1864.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM LANCASTER, of New Bond Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gun Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FUZES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the ignition of fuzes by means of
compressed air.
The mode of construction which I prefer to adopt is as follows:-I fit in
front of the ordinary priming or quick match in fuzes a metal plate or disc
with the fore part hollowed out, fitted with a piston or not, and provided at
back with a minute hole or aperture communicating with the priming.
Upon the progress of the shell to which the fuze is fitted the air is forced
through the minute aperture, ignites the priming or quick match, and through
it the fuze.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS OR APPLIANCES FOR ENABLING THE GUARD OF A RAILWAY TRAIN TO KEEP ALL THE CARRIAGE DOORS CLOSED UNTIL THE TRAIN IS BROUGHT TO A STANDSTILL, AND THEN DISENGAGE THEM ALL AT ONCE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1864.
I, JOHN HOLLY, of Regent Street North, Blackwall, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS OR APPLIANCES FOR ENABLING THE GUARD OF A
RAILWAY TRAIN TO KEEP ALL THE CARRIAGE DOORS CLOSED UNTIL THE TRAIN IS
BROUGHT TO A STANDSTILL, AND THEN DISENGAGE THEM ALL AT ONCE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the under framing of each carriage,
and at both sides of each carriage, a long stout wrought-iron rod supported
by suitable bearings to enable the rod to be moved sideways therein. Upon this
rod I affix a short lever arm, with a slot therein, to which I connect a bolt
by a pin; this bolt passes through a hole in the flooring of the carriage, and
there is a corresponding hole formed in the bottom edge of the carriage door,
near to the front edge thereof, so that supposing the door to be closed, and
the before-mentioned long rod to be turned partly round upon its axis, the
effect would be to cause the short lever arm aforesaid to push up the bolt
connected thereto into the hole in the edge of the door, thereby securely
fastening same, and preventing it from being opened by the persons in the
carriage. I
propose to connect the rods of each carriage together by means
of pins passed through coupling pieces, formed with universal joints, and to
enable the guard of a train to fasten and unfasten all the carriage doors

page_text: at one operation by means of a weighted lever fixed on the end of the
long rod of the guard's carriage. By the use of the above Invention the
possibility of accidents arising from the accidental and intentional opening of
the carriage doors of a railway train whilst in motion would be entirely
prevented.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cotton and William Nunn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
12th November 1864.
We, CHARLES COTTON, of La Valette, Grouville, Jersey, Gentleman, and
WILLIAM NUNN, of No. 179, St. George Street, East, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND
GUARDS OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for facilitating
communication between passengers and guards of railway trains. For these
purposes a tubular passage is formed in or applied to each railway carriage
which it is believed will be most conveniently situated below the bodies of
the carriages. These tubular passages extend at each end beyond the car-
riages, so that when several carriages are made up into a train, the ends of
these tubular passages will butt one against the other so as to form a con-
tinuous tubular passage between the guard's van and all the carriages. The
ends of each of these tubular passages are formed telescopic and elastic or
otherwise, so as to admit of their yielding in like manner to buffers, so that
the ends may be in constant contact in like manner to the buffer heads of a
railway train. To each carriage is applied a bell in an enclosed compartment
in connection with the tubular passage, and in each body of a carriage there
is one or more bell pulls or handles communicating with the bell, and such
pulls or handles are also in connection with a signal arm or instrument applied

page_text: to each carriage; hence when any one of the handles or bell pulls of a car-
riage is acted on by a passenger, not only will the signal arm be projected
out so as to be readily seen by the guard, but the bell will be sounded, and
by reason of such bell being in the tubular passage, the sound thereof will be
readily heard by the guard. The signal arm or instrument is, as has been
proposed, arranged to be held by a catch when once exhibited in such manner
that it can only be released by the guard; the same arm can, if necessary, be
illuminated for night travelling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Farmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1864.
I, GEORGE FARMER, of Noble Street, Saint Martins le Grand, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of buttons from wire, which is
fed into a machine suitable for bending or doubling it up into the desired
form for the intended button, such wire form being afterwards pressed or
stamped up in suitable dies to secure the ends, and to shape and give strength
to the buttons so manufactured.
For this purpose the wire as it is fed into the machine is cut (by preference)
at an angle to its length, and is bent up into circular or other suitable forms
one part of such bent up forms serving as a bar to the button when finished
by means of dies and pressure. The bent up forms are pressed or stamped up
in suitable dies so as to secure the ends of the wire, and impart shape and
strength to the finished button.
The machine for bending the wire into suitable forms for the manufacture
of buttons according to my Invention consists of a suitable bed plate sup-
ported on standards or otherwise. Below the bed plate an axis is supported
and receives motion in any convenient manner, this axis imparts motion to
another axis, which passes up through the bed plate. The upper end of this
axis carries a tool suitable for bending the wire into the shape required for

page_text: the intended button. A box is placed in front of the upright spindle upon
the bed plate, and a tool or instrument acts as a guide to conduct the wire
through the end of the box, and across the upright spindle or axis through a
suitable tool for forming the wire into the shape required. The wire is fed
into the machine by means of an arm or lever over the guide which descends
and cuts off the length of wire required for forming a button, the end of the
wire being brought against an adjustable stop or guage placed upon the bed
plate.
The arrangement and construction of the mechanism for bending the wire
into suitable forms may be greatly varied without departing from the nature
of my Invention. The wire forms thus produced are each placed in a suitable
die, and are pressed up into form either by a sudden blow from a stamp or by
other suitable pressure applied thereto, as is well understood in stamping or
pressing other metal forms in dies.
IMPROVED MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO THE GENERAL PURPOSES OF PROPULSION
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Fuller at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April.
1864.
I, HENRY GEORGE FULLER, of Stapleford, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANISM APPLICABLE
TO THE GENERAL PURPOSES OF PROPULSION," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to an improved method of giving motion to the
driving shafts and axles of machinery applicable to locomotive and agricul-
tural engines, as also to the propelling of boats and carriages upon common
roads, whereby a more direct and uniform motion is obtained, overcoming the
inertia of the opposing forces with less loss of power and with greater facility
than at present, and consists in forming the connecting rods which give motion
to the said shafts in two parts jointed centrally together so as to work with
the outer ends thereof fixed or secured to the framing of the machinery or
otherwise, whilst the opposite end is caused to communicate motion direct to
the crank pin through the medium of a rod connected to the central joint
worked by steam, hand, or otherwise, by the vertical action of which the
jointed connecting rod is alternately brought from an acute angle to a parelell
line, thus forcing the cranks alternately round, the said cranks being set at
right angles upon the shaft, and worked by a single throw or movement
upon the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY GOODS WAGGONS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1864.
I, JAMES HENSON, of 13, Parliament Street, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
RAILWAY GOODS WAGGONS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The whole length of the sides and roofs of the waggons to be made so as to
roll back in or upon grooves or quadrants, or upon rollers or racks, or by any
other means by which the said sides may be made to lift or be run up and
down in sliding or folding form. The sides of the waggons to be made of
sheet or corrugated iron, or of metal, wood, and other substances in com-
bination. The object of this mode of construction is to afford the facility for
loading and unloading goods the whole length of the waggon, both sides of
which may be open, and opened and closed simultaneously with the whole or
a less portion of the roof. The roof is formed by the sides thus constructed
being carried up so as to meet or overlap in the centre. By this construction
it is also proposed to dispense with the use of side doors, and also to dispense
with the use of the ordinary tarpauline covers, which are costly and inflam-
able, while the improved roof and sides will be fireproof, and will be fitted with
locks or other suitable fastenings for securing the contents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING HAIR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Cant Robb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1864.
I, ARTHUR CANT ROBB, of Frederick Street, Cornwall Road, Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING HAIR,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery for brushing hair, and consists of a
metallic or wooden box or case, within which is set in suitable bearings an
axle carrying a bevelled cogged wheel gearing with a mitre pinion, the shaft
of which is extended to support a circular brush, the bristles of which
project beyond the limits of the case; to the axle is attached a spiral spring,
so that when the axle is turned by a handle the spring is wound up; a break
of a semicircular form is made to act on the shaft by means of a screw
lever, so as to control or stop the unwinding of the spring, and a handle
is placed at each end of the apparatus for the adjustment of the apparatus to
the head. To relieve the weight india-rubber bands may be suspended from
the ceiling and the apparatus may be rested thereon. By the multiplying
toothed wheels a great rapidity of rotation of the brush will be effected, the
speed being regulated by the break. If necessary, the space unoccupied in
the box may be fitted to carry articles for the toilet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOULDING AND PLANING WOOD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1864.
I, HENRY WILSON, Manager for Messieurs Powis, James and Company,
of Victoria Works, Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MOULDING AND PLANING WOOD," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing machines for moulding and planing
wood with both the vertical and the bottom horizontal cutters carried upon a
movable bed outside the framework of the machine, while the top horizontal
cutters are carried to a shaft projecting beyond the frame and over the movable
bed, thus all four sets of cutters are outside of the frame.
My Invention also consists in combining with the arrangements above
described a variable feed arrangement. This consists of a disc wheel, by
toothed gear from which the grooved rollers for advancing the wood to the
cutters are driven, and in imparting motion to this disc wheel by means of a
clothed friction pulley, fitted on a shaft with a feather, along which the pulley.
is free to move so as to act on the disc wheel at any desired distance from
the centre. By regulating the position of the pulley, so will the feed be

page_text: altered; the nearer the pulley is approached to the centre of the disc the
greater will be the speed of the feed.
And, lastly, my Invention consists in the employment of the feed arrange-
ment last described to regulate the feed in machines for moulding, and in
machines for planing floor boards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL BOXES USED FOR OILING THE AXLETREES OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Guillaume Piémont at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1864.
I, FREDERIC GUILLAUME PIEMONT, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries,
in the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, Moulder, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL BOXES USED FOR
OILING THE AXLETREES OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
I propose to lubricate the journals or axletrees of railway rolling stock by
means of oil boxes enclosing a cylinder bathing in the oil, and supported at its
centre by two pins or pivots submerged in the oil. Each of these two pins
rolls in a support or bearing furnished interiorly with a spiral spring, which
keeps the cylinder constantly adhering to the journal in such a manner that
without the aid of any mechanism the wheel in running gives a rotary motion
to the cylinder, which furnishes an abundance of oil to the journal. The level
of the oil being below any issue, whether the vehicle be stationary or in
motion, it cannot escape.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN EMBOSSING AND FINISHING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN FABRICS TERMED SATTEENS, JEANS, JEANNETTES, TWILLS, CANTOONS, COUTILLES, AND OTHER FABRICS OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Major Radcliffe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1864.
I, MAJOR RADCLIFFE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN EMBOSSING AND FINISHING CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOVEN FABRICS
TERMED SATTEENS, JEANS, JEANNETTES, TWILLS, CANTOONS, COUTILLES, AND OTHER
FABRICS OF A SIMILAR DESCRIPTION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of the well-known finish called
"watering" to a thick description of goods termed satteens, lastings, jeans,
jeannettes, twills, cantoons, coutilles, and other fabrics of a similar description,
such finish having hitherto been confined to thin fabrics. The effect or finish
may be obtained by passing the fabric through an ordinary "watering"
machine, but a more lustrous effect may be produced by the use of a steel
roller engraved with annular grooves round its periphery, to which a recipro-
cating lateral movement is imparted parallel to its axis, a paper or metallic
bowl being used beneath, and the fabric passed between them. I would
remark that the description of fabrics to be thus treated and as above
mentioned are such as are used in the manufacture of stays and corsets, which
have not hitherto been finished in such manner.
A NEW METHOD OF ORNAMENTING FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1864. A communication from abroad by Francois Vouillon,
of Louviers, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW METHOD OF ORNAMENTING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in weaving in the loom with or without a jacquard,
threads carrying metal or glass beads and other similar ornaments so as to
form fabrics studded with brilliant points in design or otherwise, and forming
a body with the fabric. Beads and similar ornaments have been attached to
fabrics by hand after weaving, but in addition to the great time required to
apply the beads the fabrics lose their suppleness and are otherwise injured; by
this Invention these inconveniences are avoided, and I am enabled to obtain
the most varied designs according to the description and color of the orna-
ments employed, and to their regular or irregular arrangement. In attaching
the ornaments to the threads I prefer to adopt the following method:-I take
two threads connected at ono end and separated at the other; I attach the
free end of ono thread to the wire or thread on which the ornaments are
strung, so that they may slide freely on to the thread; then while rotary.
motion twists this thread with the other thread I push the ornaments on to.
the first thread. The second thread by being twisted round the first secures.
the ornaments as they arrive on the first thread. I use the threads carrying

page_text: the ornaments as the weft threads. The two threads twisted together as just
explained are of a finer number than the warp threads; the two threads may
be of the same or of a different number, they may be of different color,.
and of different nature, for instance, silk and wool, or wool and cotton. The
single or double thread carrying the ornaments is wound on a bobbin, and
the bobbin is placed in a shuttle box to be thrown as an ordinary weft thread.
This additional shuttle may be thrown at any desired intervals according to
the design to be produced. If desired additional threads may be introduced
to conceal the ornaments on the reverse side of the fabric.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHEARS FOR CUTTING METAL
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Israel 'Parkes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1864.
I, ISRAEL PARKES, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Iron
Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHEARS FOR CUTTING METAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in suspending from and under the short arm of levers
the movable cutting blade, and in causing it to travel up and down close to the
edge of the fixed cutter by motion imparted to the long arm of the levers
through excentrics or cranks upon a rotating shaft.
My Invention also consists in combining with the shears aforesaid shears for
cutting scrap, bar, and the like. One of the side frames of the first described
shears carries the fixed cutter, while the movable cutter is in the form of a
lever, the short arm of which is worked by a connecting rod attached to a
crank or excentric on the main shaft of the first described shears.
Ax IMPROVED MEANS OF CLEARING AWAY AND REMOVING SAND, MUD, OR OTHER SIMILAR ACCUMULATIONS FROM DOCK OR CANAL ENTRANCES, THE BEDS OF RIVERS, AND SUCH LIKE PLACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Girado Migotti at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
June 1864.
I, GIRADO MIGOTTI, of No. 76, Upper Seymour Street, Euston Square, in
the Parish of St. Pancras, and County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax IMPROVED MEANS OF
CLEARING AWAY AND REMOVING SAND, MUD, OR OTHER SIMILAR ACCUMULATIONS
FROM DOCK OR CANAL ENTRANCES, THE BEDS OF RIVERS, AND SUCH LIKE PLACES," to
be as follows:-
A communication to be made by means of ordinary leathern hose, or india-
rubber, or other suitable piping, from the surface of the water to the sand or
mud requiring removal, the end of such piping on the surface of the water
being attached to a common force pump similar to that used for extinguishing
fires, an air forcing pump, or with the escape or safety valve, by steam blowing
through from any available engine, a strong jet of water, or steam, or pressure
of air being thus directed through the hose or piping to the accumulation it is
wished to remove would immediately cause its suspension and rapid agitation
in the water, and it would then be completely carried away by any current
or tidal action within the sphere of whose influence it might then be brought,
and the desired effect produced in a manner at once simple, inexpensive, and
thoroughly efficient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PURPLE, VIOLET, AND BLUE ANILINE DYES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugo Levinstein at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April
1864.
I, HUGO LEVINSTEIN, of No. 5, New Bridge Street, Blackfriars, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PURPLE, VIOLET, AND BLUE ANILINE
DYES," to be as follows:-
These improvements in the preparation of purple, violet, and blue aniline
dyes are as follows:-I take the base prepared by known processes from the
various substances known in commerce as "nagenta," and also by other
names, such as roseine, fuehsine, aniline red, and other similar bodies, and I
mix the same with nitric ether, or any other body which is chemically
equivalent to nitric ether. The proportions which I prefer to use are about
nine parts of nitric ether to 32 parts by weight of one of the bases above
specified, but it is not essential to use these proportions. I heat the aforesaid
mixture to about 150° Centigrade under pressure, and maintain it at this
temperature till the tint which I wish to produce is obtained. In this
way I
am able to produce either purple or violet, or blue according to the time,
proportions, and temperature employed.
Dyers and printers who have used any of the common aniline dyes will find
no difficulty in applying the product of the aforesaid operation.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS, IN CHAIRS FOR POINTS, AND IN LEVERS FOR POINTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Holiday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1864.
I, RICHARD HOLIDAY, North London Railway Works, Bow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
CHAIRS, IN CHAIRS FOR POINTS, AND IN LEVERS FOR POINTS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
My first improvement consists in substituting a metal key (for securing the
rails to the chairs) instead of the ordinary wooden keys, and in securely
fastening the same by means of a bolt and nut. The outer jaw of the chair I
cast beviled, and the metal key wedge shaped to fit it. Along the middle of
the key I make a groove, into which the point of the bolt passes. The sole of
this groove is tapered the opposite way of the key taper, so that when the key
has a tendency to slip back, the bolt will become tighter and hold it secure.
A second improvement consists in fixing one of these chairs for points by
casting an elongated eye or slot in the key, and thus making up the extra
thickness of keys usual for points.
A third improvement consists in fixing a short arm to the lever for points,
through which arm I pass a screwed connecting rod, by altering which screw
I allow for contractions and expansions of the draw rods.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN QUILTED' CRINOLINE SKIRTINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brady at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th May
1864.
I, JAMES BRADY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN QUILTED' CRINOLINE SKIRTINGS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain or produce a garment having the
exterior appearance of a "quilted" petticoat, with the effect or distension
produced by the use of a metallic "crinoline," which garments have hitherto
been worn separately, but as so used considerable inconvenience has been
experienced in making one fit properly over the other, and also there is an
objection to two garments instead of one.
My improvements consist in combining metallic ribs (as now employed for
skeleton crinolines) with a quilted petticoat or skirt, by attaching the said
ribs beneath the skirt after it has been "quilted" by means of strips of tape
or other material, so as to form one garment. I am aware that similar ribs
have been passed through casings or tubes in plain skirts, but the com-
bination of the ribs with a "quilted" skirt by such means has been found
impracticable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING COAL OR OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Taylorson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
September 1864.
I, THOMAS TAYLORSON, of. Woodfold Park, near Blackburn, in the County
of Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING COAL OR OTHER
MINERALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to steam or other motive-power engines employed in
the working or cutting of coal or other minerals, and the improvements
consist in rendering the apparatus self-acting in reversing the valves at any
part of the stroke, according to the depth of cut. To effect this object I apply
any ordinary governor, and so connect it with the pick or cutting instrument
that in the forward action or stroke of the pick rotary motion is given thereby
to the governor, causing the balls or vanes to expand; and immediately on the
delivery of the stroke or blow of the pick the rotation of the governor ceases,
when the balls or vanes collapse and operate a catch lever which actuates a
suitable arrangement of levers and weight to reverse the valves for another
stroke, and so on, thus economizing the steam or compressed air or other-
motive power that may be employed, and time in reversing the action of the.
piston, besides maintaining the full force of the stroke at any depth of cut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR APPARATUS FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wise at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1864.
I, FRANCIS WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Buckingham Street, Adelphi, in
the City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS OR APPARATUS FOR THE
GENERATION OF STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to that class of multitubular boilers in which
the flame and heated products of combustion after leaving the furnace pass
through a number of tubes passing through the water chamber of the boiler
as in boilers of the ordinary locomotive and marine types.
It consists in the employment in such boilers of two thin plates placed
vertically (or nearly vertically) side by side between adjacent vertical rows of
tubes, such plates having a space between them, and being kept at the
requisite distance apart by suitable distance pieces, so that as the water sur-
rounding the tubes situated in the intervals between the several pairs of plates
becomes heated and rises towards the surface corresponding currents of less
heated water may be guided uninterruptedly downward between the plates of
each pair (between the lower edges of which and the shell of the boiler a
suitable space is left) to supply its place. It is preferred that the upper edges
of the plates shall be turned or bent over so as to be curved or flanged out-
ward, that is to say, towards the tubes for the purpose of deflecting the
bubbles of steam ascending from the surfaces of the tubes, and preventing
their interference with the currents descending between the plates.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER CLOTH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Leonard Cooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st September
1864.
I, LEONARD COOKE, of Horwich, in the County of Lancaster, Paper Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER CLOTH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in coating woven fabrics on one or both sides with
paper pulp on the ordinary paper machines. The woven fabric is steamed
and damped before it arrives at the endless wire gauze, belt, or cylinder of the
paper machine, and it is made to lie level on the same by exhausters, fans,
rollers, or other suitable means; the pulp alone, or combined with the filling
up, stiffening, colouring matters, sizes, and other materials, is applied to the
woven fabric, either separately or combined, and at one or more times. When
the cloth requires a coating of pulp at each side, the first layer of pulp is
applied to the wire gauze from the strainer in the usual manner, the woven
fabric is then laid on, and a second coating of pulp is applied; but when only
one coating of pulp is required, the pulp is applied to the wire gauze, and
then the woven fabric is laid on it, or the woven fabric is laid on the wire
gauze, and the pulp applied to it; or in some cases the wire gauze may be
entirely dispensed with, and the pulp is applied to the woven fabric, which
may pass through the machine without the support of the wire gauze.

page_text: The paper cloth thus produced may be used as drawing paper, printing
paper, and for other purposes; and it may also be employed in the manu-
facture of artificial leather, table covers, window blinds,. oil cloths, emery or
glass cloth, bags, and for various other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CREATING AND PROJECTING COLD VAPOURS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Septimus Piesse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th November
1864.
I, SEPTIMUS PIESSE, of New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex
Doctor of Philosophy, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CREATING AND PROJECTING COLD VAPOURS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of apparatus for creating
and projecting cold vapours, and consists of two tubes with contracted
nozzles placed at right angles or nearly so to each other, and with their
nozzles in close proximity. One of these tubes is connected with a flexible
air-tight bag of india-rubber or other suitable material, or with any equivalent
apparatus which can be readily contained in the hand, and which on being
alternately compressed and allowed to expand will direct a jet of air through
the nozzle of the first tube and across the nozzle of the second tube, which
tube is plunged at its lower end either into water; perfumed spirit, chloriform,
ether, ammonia, tobacco juice, or other fluid. The partial vacuum produced
in the second tube by the jet of air directed across its mouth or nozzle causes
the fluids to rise up the tube in the form of a jet, against which the air
impinges, and thereby breaks or scatters it in the form of very fine spray or
cloud, the rapid evaporation of which produces a vapour of a very low tem-"
perature.

page_text: This apparatus may be used for perfuming the air, the body, or wearing
apparel, for cooling the head, and for cooling generally. It is also useful for
projecting certain fluids on to plants for the destruction of insects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINIUM
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1864. A communication from abroad by Nicolas Basset, of
Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUMINIUM,"
to be as follows:-
The alkaline metals have hitherto been considered the only agents for
reducing the chlorides of aluminium. The Inventor of the process hereafter
described has, however, discovered that all the metalloids and metals which by
double decomposition will form chlorides more fusible and more volatile than
the chlorides of aluminium may be employed for reducing these latter. For
instance, arsenic, boron, cyanogen, zinc, antimony, mercury, and even tin may
be used, and also the amalgams of zinc, antimony, and tin; the Inventor
prefers to use zinc owing to its low price, its facility of application, its volatility,
and other useful properties. The zinc should always be added in excess in
the proportion of, say, four of zinc to one of chloride of aluminium. When
this latter is brought into the presence of zinc at a temperature of from 250°
to 300° Centigrade, a chloride of zinc and free aluminium is obtained. This
latter will dissolve in the excess of zinc, and the chloride of zinc combining
with the chloride of sodium, the mass becomes thick or pasty, and then solid,
while the alloy of zinc and aluminium remains liquid. If the temperature of
the mass is again raised it all becomes liquid again, and the zinc reduces

page_text: another proportion of chloride, and the excess of zinc becomes enriched with
an additional quantity of aluminium. The rich alloy is again melted with the
addition of more chloride of aluminium, and kept well stirred or agitated until
nearly pure aluminium with only a small per-centage of zinc is obtained. This
is again melted at a nearly white heat until the remaining zinc is volatilized
and pure aluminium remains.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROJECTILES APPLICABLE TO ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Townsend Coughin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
June 1864.
I, THOMAS TOWNSEND COUGHIN, of Crucifix Lane, Bermondsey, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROJECTILES APPLICABLE TO ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of pro-
jectiles intended for discharge from all descriptions of ordnance and fire-arms.
I propose to cut a channel or groove around the projectile and to insert
therein a ring of metal in the following manner:-The ring being composed
of steel, iron, copper, gun metal, lead, or other metal or alloy, is divided or
opened in order that it may be forced over the surface of the shot and be
sprung into position in the channel, wherein it fits accurately, but presents a
periphery slightly larger than the true diameter of the projectile. By this
means its bearing surface is transferred to the ring and the shot is caused to
fit the bore more perfectly than the ordinary shot, and windage is prevented.
In spherical shot one ring only is applied, but in elongated projectiles two or
more rings should be used, so as to steady the shot in its passage along the
barrel. For rifled guns the rings may be provided with threads or projections
to take the grooves of the rifling.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COATING FABRICS OR MATERIALS WITH MEDICAL OR OTHER COMPOUNDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR IRONING PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Daniel Delf at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1864.
I, FREDERICK DANIEL DELF, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR COATING FABRICS OR MATERIALS WITH MEDICAL OR OTHER COMPOUNDS,
ALSO APPLICABLE FOR IRONING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus for spreading plasters for medicinal
purposes so as to obtain an even and cleanly surface without overheating or
deteriorating the compound used. The apparatus consists of a small metal
or other chamber containing water, which is heated by means of a jet of gas
or other flame to 212 degrees Fahrenheit; to this chamber a curved pipe is
attached, communicating with a metallic or other box of any desired shape
fitted with an escape valve. The steam generated in the former chamber
passes through the curved pipe, and maintains the metallic box at a constant
temperature applicable for any purposes where a heat above 212 degrees
Fabrenheit is not desirable, and particularly for the spreading of medicated
plasters; a modification of the same being equally serviceable for ironing,
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MASTS FOR SAILING BOATS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Symes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March 1864.
I, JAMES SYMES, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MASTS
FOR SAILING BOATS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in masts of small sailing boats
or of other vessels, the object being to prevent them from capsizing under the
action of a squall of wind. In order to accomplish this result I propose in
lieu of fixing the mast in an immoveable socket to allow it to be capable of
yielding or slanting over to leeward when a strong and sudden gust of wind
fills the sail, thus relieving the boat or vessel from strain and preventing its
upsetting. To the seat of a boat two uprights are bolted having bearings
therein to receive a horizontal shaft bent downwards into a vertical shaft, on
the upper part of which, just below the bend, a socket is fitted through which
the mast is inserted; some distance below a second socket is fixed, into which
the bottom of the mast is set; below this a spherical counterweight (centrally
perforated) encloses the shaft and is secured by a cross pin passing through
the shaft below the counterweight. The weight may be set at varying
positions or elevations according to the leverage required to counteract the
force of the wind. A groove or slot at the bottom of the shaft serves to
receive a catch so as to keep the mast fixed at any required time. In ships.
or vessels the uprights or standards would be fixed on deck, and a space would
be cut in the deck or decks to allow of the swinging of the masts and weights..
AN IMPROVED HIGH-PRESSURE NON-LEAKAGE TAP
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Sharp and Alfred Doubble
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 24th August 1864.
1, STEPHEN SHARP, of Number 3, Melton Place, Euston Square, in the
County of Middlesex, and ALFRED DOUBBLE, of Number 40, Fleet Street, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED HIGH-PRESSURE NON-LEAKAGE TAP," to be as follows:-
This tap is made chiefly of metal with a metal plug or plunger or valve
resting on or in an elastic seat made of vulcanised india-rubber, or cork and
india-rubber combined, or of cork, or of india-rubber and canvass combined.
The valve, plug, or plunger is worked by means of a screw or crank or
eccentric in connection with the bandle. This tap is made with a female
screw, the nozle or delivery part or end having a male screw, so that when at
any time the elastic seat or cushion is worn or compressed by use, by giving
half or a quarter turn to the nozle or delivery end of the tap the elastic
seat or cushion is compressed in a different direction to the constant pressure
of the valve, plug, or plunger, thus renewing the elastic opposing surface of the
elastic seat or cushion, which after long continuous wear can be renewed at any
time simply, expeditiously, and at a nominal cost without breaking any joints.
We claim as our Invention in this tap the use of a metal valve, plug, or
plunger working on or in an elastic seat or cushion, also the various appliances
as before named in connection with the same.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARD COVERING FOR CARDING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Farrar and Joseph Farrar
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th November 1864.
We, JOHN FARRAR and JOSEPH FARRAR, of Elland, in the County of York,
Card Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARD COVERING FOR CARDING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the backs of cards or card covering, and the
improvements consist in the employment of paper either alone or in com-
bination with fabrics of linen, cotton, or other fibrous substances for the backs
of cards. The paper pulp alone may be made into paper of suitable thickness
for this purpose by the usual means or process of manufacture; or fabrics may
be combined therewith in the process of manufacture; or fabrics may be
cemented to the surface of paper by any suitable adhesive substance or cement,
by preference impervious to and insoluble in oil. Such material may be
coated with any suitable substance or enamel.
By this Invention card backs may be made more even in thickness or
strength, and not liable to stretch or form slack places in the covering; also
they may be produced at much less cost than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Pettit at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1864.
I, STEPHEN PETTIT, of Burgate, in the City of Canterbury, Draper, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES
OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I employ a strong vessel of iron or other suit-
able material capable of sustaining a vacuum being produced therein. I
employ a small set of air pumps to exhaust this capacity in the first instance,
and I place in connection therewith an engine similar to a steam engine.
By allowing atmospheric air to enter by the induction passages of the engine
and exhaust into the vacuum chamber motion will be produced in the engine.
In connection with the vacuum chamber is disposed a rotating air exhausting
pump or fan which is driven by the engine and keeps up the exhaustion and
vacuum in the vacuum chamber, any little deficiency or falling off of the
vacuum being made up by working the hand air pumps occassionally as may
be required, and by which the vacuum was first established in the vacuum
chamber as before described.
NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND APPLYING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Noble at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1864.
I, FREDERICK NOBLE, of 2½, James Street, Cannon Street Road, Saint
George's-in-the-East, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING
AND APPLYING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
I use iron or any other kind of metallic pipe, or pipes made of any other
suitable material, and I have air-tight chambers or reservoirs, into which I
deliver the water or other fluids near the top, and I have a valve on the
aperture to prevent its returning back. I raise the water or other fluids out
of the chamber or reservoir by another aperture near the bottom, which
aperture is connected by the next pipe which delivers the water or other fluids
into the next chamber or reservoir near the top like the first, and so I con-
tinue to raise it to any required height. The machine is worked by a pump
or any other suitable contrivance by manual or motive power. My object is
to break the column of water or other fluid at every chamber or reservoir,
and it will remain stationary in the pipes, chambers, or reservoirs when the
pumps or other suitable contrivances are not at work. The machine is
specially adapted for mines and deep wells, and the fluids raised by the
machine may be used as a motive power or otherwise.