Actuating Mechanism for Effecting the Advance of Measuring and Working Spindles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Sept., 1899
Con p'ete Specification Left, 25th Apr., 1900-Accepted, 14th July, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Actuating Mechanism for Effecting the Advance of Measuring and
Working Spindles.
I, FRIEDRICH WILHELM BÜHNE, of 17, Erbprinzenstrasse, Freiburg, Baden,
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
Heretofore it was only possible to vary the advance of the tools of turning
lathes, planing and cutting machines by changing a number of transmission wheels,
and even then only comparatively few variations of such advance could be effected,
in particular if a very minute or a very great advance had to be effected such for
instance as in cutting very steep screw threads. It was always difficult to effect
a very small advance of the screw spindle if this was subject to considerable forces
in an axial direction, and consequently had to be made of considerable diameter
and pitch of threads.
The present invention has for its object to obviate these disadvantages, and to
render it possible to enable alterations in the advance of a spindle to be made
varying from the smallest possible quantity to very large amounts, by merely
changing a single wheel.
This is effected mainly by imparting a rotary motion both to the screw spindle
and to the screw nut thereof so that by means of the differential motion between
the two a longitudinal advance of the spindle relatively to the nut is obtained.
Such relative motion may be obtained by turning the nut with greater or less
speed in the same direction as or in the contrary direction to the spindle, and in
either case the relative speed of rotation can be varied to any required extent by
changing an intermediate transmission wheel.
I will describe a practical arrangement of my said invention with reference to
the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 shews a longitudinal section of a
machine just in front of the screw spindle, Fig. 2 is a cross section through the
middle of the machine, Fig. 3 an end view, Fig. 4 a plan, and Fig. 5.a diagram-
matic view of the gearing.
The screw-spindle 4 has a screw thread formed on one half of its length, which
screws through the rotatable nut 6. The other end of the spindle is carried in
the rotatable sleeve 16 which can revolve loose in the bearing 5 and carries a loose
spur wheel 8 with internally coned ring 17 as also a friction disc 18 which has a
eather 13, passing through a slot in sleeve 16, and engaging with a groove 19 in
he screw spindle. Thus the spindle can slide longitudinally through the sleeve,
out is made to rotate therewith.
The end of the sleeve 16 has a screw thread on which is mounted a small hand
heel 14 with claws 15 which engage with a corresponding circular groove in the
oss of the friction disc 18, so that when the hand wheel is turned forwards or
ackwards the friction disc 18 is moved towards or from the coned ring of the
heel 8 and thus couples up or uncouples the two parts, so that by this means.
he rotation of the wheel S can either be imparted to the screw spindle or not. The
heel S is rotated by the wheel of equal diameter 8ª fixed on shaft 3 through the

page_text: intermediate wheel 8b, so that on turning the shaft 3, wheel 8 and, assuming
the friction clutch to be closed, also the screw spindle 4 are rotated with the same
angular speed. On opening the coupling the wheel S will run loose on the
sleeve 16 and the spindle 4 will not revolve. The screw nut 6 which can revolve
in a bearing 7 is rotated by means of the toothed wheel 9. A lever 20 which is
mounted loose on the bearing 7 carries an intermediate wheel 9b with which gears
a spur wheel 9 mounted in a removeable manner on shaft 3.
Thus on changing the wheel 9 the rotation of shaft 3 will impart to wheel 9"
different angular velocity from that of wheel 8 thus producing a relative motion
between the screw nut and spindle.
If for instance on rotating shaft 3 the difference between the rotations of
wheel 8 and wheel 9 be plus or minus 1/100 the nut will have a relative motion of
100 to the spindle, and consequently the latter will receive longitudinal motion
equal to 100th part of its pitch. A driving shaft 10 may be combined with
shaft 3 and both shafts may be connected by toothed wheels 11 and 12.
If for the change wheel a there is supplied a set of wheels having a number
of teeth either increasing or decreasing from the number 100, such as 101, 102,
103 &c. or 99, 98, 97 &c. a longitudinal shifting of the screw spindle to the extent
of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 &c. would be obtained, increasing to the extent of its own pitch.
By introducing an intermediate wheel 9 shewn diagrammatically at Fig. 5,
the direction of rotation of the nut relatively to the screw-spindle 4 will be rever-
sed, and thus the angular velocity relatively to wheels 8 and 9 will be doubled,
and a longitudinal shifting of the screw spindle up to 3 or 4 times its own pitch
be obtained.
In order that the spindle 4, when advanced to a minimum extent, may be
quickly drawn back, it only requires a slight rotation of the hand wheel 14, so as
to disengage the friction coupling, whereupon the spindle will be moved back by
the rotation of the driving wheel. This may also be effected by turning the spindle
back directly by hand by means of the hand wheel 21. In both cases the spindle
turns through the nut like an ordinary screw.
For producing very considerable advances of the screw spindle the combina-
tions can be employed, thus in place of the intermediate wheel 9° transmission
wheels may be employed whereby the screw nut is made to receive a multiple
speed of the spindle in the contrary direction, thus producing a considerable
advance of the latter.
It will be evident that the entire arrangement might be reversed, the screw nut
being made to advance instead of the screw spindle.
If the above described mechanism be applied in the proper proportions to work-
ing machines these may be made to produce results by simple and rapid manipu-
lations which have not been hitherto attained.
For the utilisation of the minimum advance reference may for instance be made
to the turning of calendering rollers; in this case the surface of the rolls would
be produced in such a finished state by the minimum advance of the cutting tool,
whether steel or diamond, that the tedious grinding process such as was hereto-
fore necessary, would be entirely dispensed with. On the other hand the appli-
cation of a very great advance of the screw spindle would be an advantage for
example in the cutting of screw threads of a very great pitch, for which purpose
at present special machines have to be constructed.
Dated this 11th day of September 1899
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Actuating Mechanism for Effecting the Advance of Measuring and
Working Spindles.
1, FRIEDRICH WILHELM BÜHNE, of 17, Erbprinzenstrasse, Freiburg, Baden,
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
It is a known means to effect the advance of the working-spindles of a working
machine by forming that spindle into a screw-spindle and by then letting this
screw-spindle and the screw-nut compassing the spindle rotate at different speeds.
Such arrangements could be employed up to now only in a limited measure, as
a change in the extent of the advance of the spindle could be attained either not
at all or was possible only between very narrow limits.
This drawback has been obviated by this invention which relates to an arrange-
ment in which a very great number of variations in the extent of the advance may
be attained by throwing only one wheel out of gear. The arrangement is such
that it may be employed for measuring-spindles, as well as in a great variety of
manners for working-spindles, for instance such as of turning-lathes and all such
other machine-tools in which a change in the advance of the tool could be brought
about up to now only by exchanging a whole group of wheels, which could not
in every case be easily performed, especially if the table belonging to the machine
had been lost. In the new arrangement the extent of the advance corresponds
exactly with the one wheel to be exchanged, so that upon this latter the extent
of the advance may be stated by means of a die, and consequently every workman
without any further preparation, is able to adjust the machine for such an
advance as he desires.
In the new device the spindle, as well as the nut, is rotated, the speed of the
rotation of these two parts being different. The arrangement is, however, such
that the shaft from which the power is transmitted to the spindle and to the nut
is situated at some distance parallel to the spindle, and is connected with the
spindle and the nut by means of geared wheels. One set of these geared wheels
is furnished with an intermediate wheel adapted to be swung outward and to be
secured in position at different heights, so that as soon as the driving wheel
belonging thereto has been exchanged upon the spindle or upon the nut, the con-
nection with the cog-wheel located upon the shaft of the transmission wheels
may again be effected by adjusting the aforementioned intermediate wheel. If
at this place a second intermediate wheel is intercalated between the first inter-
mediate wheel and the one main wheel, then the cog-wheel upon the spindle or
nut receives, with regard to the opposite cog-wheel upon the shaft of the trans-
mission wheel, and thus also to the other cog-wheel upon the spindle nut or upon
the spindle, a rotary movement in the opposite direction, so that the spindle is
then advanced through a distance equal to the pitch of a number of convolutions
of the thread.
In the drawings which accompany my Provisional Specification Fig. 1 is a
longitudinal section of a machine constructed according to my invention, the
section being just in front of the screw-spindle.
Fig. 2 is a cross-section through the middle of the machine.
Fig. 3 is an end view, Fig. 4 a plan, and Fig. 5 a diagrammatical view of the
gearing.
In the drawings accompanying this specification Figs. 6, 7 and 8 shew in longi-

page_text: tudinal section, end view and plan respectively the application of the invention
to the slide rest of a turning lathe.
Figs. 9 and 10 shew in side and end elevation respectively the general arrange-
ment of this actuating movement in a turning lathe.
The screw-spindle 4 has a screw thread formed on one half of its length, which
screws through the rotatable nut 6. The other end of the spindle is carried in
the rotatable sleeve 16 which can revolve loose in the bearing 5 and carries a loose
spur wheel 8 with internally coned ring 17 as also a friction disc 18 which has a
feather 13, passing through a slot in sleeve 16, and engaging with a groove 19 in
the screw-spindle. Thus the spindle can slide longitudinally through the sleeve,
but is made to rotate therewith.
The end of the sleeve 16 has a screw thread on which is mounted a small hand
wheel 14 with claws 15 which engage with a corresponding circular groove in the
boss of the friction disc 18, so that when the hand wheel is turned forwards or
backwards the friction disc 18 is moved towards or from the coned ring of the
wheel S and thus couples up or uncouples the two parts, so that by this means
the rotation of the wheel 8 can either be imparted to the screw spindle or not. The
wheel 8 is rotated by the wheel of equal diameter 8a fixed on shaft 3 through the
intermediate wheel 8b, so that on turning the shaft 3, wheel 8 and, assuming
the friction clutch to be closed, also the screw spindle 4 are rotated with the same
angular speed. On opening the coupling the wheel S will run loose on the
sleeve 16 and the spindle will not revolve. The screw nut 6 which can revolve
in a bearing 7 is rotated by means of the toothed wheel 9. A lever 20 which is
mounted loose on the bearing 7 carries an intermediate wheel 9h with which gears
a spur wheel 9ª mounted in a removable manner on shaft 3.
Thus on changing the wheel 9 the rotation of shaft 3 will impart to wheel 9
an angular velocity different from that of wheel 8 thus producing a relative motion
between the screw nut and spindle.
If for instance, on rotating shaft 3 the difference between the rotations of
wheel 8 and wheel 9 be plus or minus 1/100 the nut will have a relative motion of
1/100 to the spindle, and consequently the latter will receive longitudinal motion
equal to 100th part of its pitch. A driving shaft 10 may be combined with
shaft and both shafts may be connected by toothed wheels 11 and 12.
If for the change wheel a there is supplied a set of wheels having a number
of teeth either increasing or decreasing from the number 100, such as 101, 102,
103 &c. or 99, 98, 97 &c. a longitudinal shifting of the screw-spindle to the extent
of 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 &c., would be obtained, increasing to the extent of its own pitch,
or more.
By introducing an intermediate wheel 9 shewn diagrammatically at Fig. 5,
the direction of rotation of the nut relatively to the screw-spindle 4 will be rever-
sed, and thus the angular velocity relatively to wheels 8 and 9 will be doubled,
and a longitudinal shifting of the screw-spindle up to 3 or 4 times its own pitch
be obtained.
In order that the spindle 4, when advanced to a minimum extent, may be
quickly drawn back, it only requires a slight rotation of the hand wheel 14, so as
to disengage the friction coupling, whereupon the spindle will be moved back by
the rotation of the driving wheel. This may also be effected by turning the spindle
back directly by hand by means of the hand wheel 21. In both cases the spindle
turns through the nut like an ordinary screw.
For producing very considerable advances of the screw spindle further combina-
tions can be employed, thus in place of the intermediate wheel 9c transmission
wheels may be employed whereby the screw nut is made to receive a multiple
speed of the spindle in the contrary direction, thus producing a considerable
advance of the latter.
It is evident that the arrangement may be reversed, the nut being made to
advance instead of the spindle. If such an actuating mechanism is connected in
proper proportions with a machine-tool or the like, there may be attained simply

page_text: and quickly results which have not been attained hitherto. For the utilisation
of the minimum advance the turning of calandering-rollers may be instanced.
The precise and gradual advance of the tool (diamond or steel) finishes the rollers
in such a manner that the. troublesome usual finishing by grinding and the loss
of time involved thereby are completely avoided. An advantage of the maximum
advance of the spindle is realised when attention is called to the insufficiency of
our present turning lathes, in the manufacture of a thread with a great pitch for
which purpose a special machine must be used, or the screws must have 2, 3 or 4
threads side by side.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 shew two horizontal shafts located parallel one to the other,
one of them (4) being the spindle. In this arrangement the spindle is incapable
of advance, but the nut travels longitudinally. In order to ensure, in spite of
the advance of the nut 9, constant gearing of the teeth at the circumference of
this nut with the cog wheel 9* or with the intermediate wheel 9 the cog-wheel 9ª
and the intermediate wheel 9b are arranged upon a common traverse (or head-
piece 22 respectively, see Fig. 9). The head-piece may be horizontally displaced
upon the shaft 3, but is prevented from a rotary movement. If thus the wheel 8*
is rotated in a suitable manner by transmission wheels from the shaft of the cone-
pulley, the movement is transmitted from this pulley also to the wheel 9 and to
the uut 9, the gearing between the two latter being preserved in spite of the
advance of the nut. In this arrangement the exterior wheel 8 is, of course,
exchangeable, and for this reason is located at the end carrying the intermediate
wheel 8 that can be laterally swung out as has already been described. In the
same manner the coupling 14, 15 for the obtainment of a quick back movement
is located at this end, so that its actuation may be easily effected. The manner
of operation and the means for transmitting the movement to the slide-rest by
means of the before described actuating mechanismi are distinctly shewn in Fig. 9
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. Actuating mechanism for effecting the advance of measuring and working.
spindles consisting of a nut in which the spindle screws a shaft parallel to the
spindle, transmission wheels fixed on the said shaft, a cog-wheel fixed on the said
spindle or its nut, and one or two intermediate wheels connecting the said cog-
wheel with one of the said transmission wheels, one of the said intermediate
wheels being adapted to be swung out laterally, substantially as and for the pur-
pose described.
2. In an actuating mechanism for effecting the advance of measuring and work-
ing spindles such as is referred to in Claim 1, a coupling adapted to connect the
spindle or its nut with the cog-wheel, substantially as and for the purpose described.
3. An actuating mechanism for effecting the advance of the slide-rest of a turn-
ing lathe relatively to the lathe-spindle, which spindle is incapable of axial move-
ment consisting of a nut in which the said spindle screws and which is adapted
to be advanced upon and by the spindle, means for connecting the said nut with
the slide-rest of the lathe, a shaft parallel to the said spindle, transmission wheels
attached to the said shaft, a cog-wheel attached to the said spindle and an inter-
mediate wheel connecting the said cog-wheel with one of said transmission wheels
and adapted to be swung out laterally, substantially as and for the
purpose
lescribed.
T1*