IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, SHUTTERS, AND FRAMES, AND IN PULLEYS FOR THE SAME AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bullivant, of Ledbury Road, Bayswater,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDOW SASHES, SHUTTERS, AND FRAMES, AND IN PULLEYS FOR THE SAME
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 25th September 1869, and dated the 12th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bullivant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th May 1869.
I, THOMAS BULLIVANT, of Ledbury Road, Bayswater, in the County
5 of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASHES, SHUTTERS, AND FRAMES, AND IN PULLEYS
FOR THE SAME AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates, firstly, to improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated 31st January 1867,
No. 273, in which the inner and parting beads, together with the outside

page_text: linings of the sash as generally employed, were dispensed with, whilst
the sash and sash frames were provided with vertical slots in which
guides of a peculiar form at each end, covered with flexible material and
fixed to the pulley cords and weights, were caused to work in such
manner as to admit of the removal of the sashes when required by means
of plate and stud fastenings. Now this part of my Invention consists
in the employment of plain guides in which the projections at each end
of such guides are dispensed with, thereby obviating the necessity of a
groove deeper than the width of the guide in which to receive it when
it is disconnected from the sash. By the present arrangement I am
enabled more readily to connect and disconnect the guides with the
sashes, as it is only necessary to remove one or more screws or keys,
when the guides will slide out vertically from the grooves in the sashes
without requiring to be pushed sideways to liberate them. I also prefer
to cover such guides with a metallic plate on the weather side, which is
sprung outwards along its edges so as to act as a spring packing to
prevent any noise or vibration in the sashes, and also to prevent the
passage of dust, draught, and moisture. If desired, such metallic
covering may also be applied to other sides of such guides, the outer
edges of the guides being also pressed up by springs acting thereon. In
eases where there is no box or cavity in the sash frame above the sashes
to receive the pulleys, I employ a pulley with a groove or slot in the
face plate, both above and below the pulley, so as to allow the guides
to pass above such pulleys when it is desired to liberate the sashes, such
guides being for this purpose provided with a slot or groove at the back,
and having the cord connected thereto at a suitable distance from the
end. The head of the sash frame is also formed with mortise holes to
allow the guides to pass up when required, or if desired the guides may
be made in two parts connected together by any suitable means. In
some cases the cords, weights, and pulleys may be dispensed with, when
I employ one ar more adjusting screws, wedges, keys, or other suitable
means to act on the edges of the guides and press them up tightly in the
grooves so as thereby to retain the sash in any desired position.
The Invention also relates to improvements in such description of
shutters and shutter frames in which the shutters are caused to slide in
suitable guides, and consists in the employment of grooves in the shutter
and in the shutter frame to receive guides which are connected to the

page_text: shutter by pins, keys, or screws, thereby dispensing with the beadings
ordinarily employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Bullivant in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BULLIVANT, of Ledbury Road, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Bullivant, Her special licence that
I, the said Thomas Bullivant, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Bullivant, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW
SASHES, SHUTTERS, AND FRAMES, AND IN PULLEYS FOR THE SAME AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Bullivant, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Bullivant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention relates, firstly, to improvements upon an Invention for

page_text: which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated 31st January 1867,
No. 273, in which the inner and parting beads, together with the outside
linings of the sash frame as generally employed, were dispensed with,
whilst the sash and sash frames were provided with vertical slots in
which guides of a peculiar form at each end, covered with flexible
material and fixed to the pulley cords and weights, were caused to
work in such manner as to admit of the removal of the sashes when
required by means of plate and stud fastenings. Now this part of my
Invention consists in the employment of plain guides, in which the
projections at each end of such guides are dispensed with, thereby
obviating the necessity of a groove deeper than the width of the guide in
which to receive it when it is disconnected from the sash.
By the
present arrangement I am enabled more readily to connect and dis-
connect the guides with the sashes, as it is only necessary to remove
one or more screws or keys, when the guides will slide out vertically
from the grooves in the sashes without requiring to be pushed sideways
to liberate them. I also prefer to cover such guides with a metallic
plate on the weather side, which is sprung outwards along its edges so
as to act as a spring packing to prevent any noise or vibration in the
sashes, and also to prevent the passage of dust, draught, and moisture.
If desired, such metallic covering may also be applied to other sides of
such guides, the outer edges of the guides being also pressed up by
springs acting thereon. In cases where there is no box or cavity in
the sash frame above the sashes to receive the pulleys I employ a
pulley with a groove or slot in the face plate, both above and below
the pulley, so as to allow the guides to pass above such pulleys when it
is desired to liberate the sashes, such guides being for this purpose pro-
vided with a slot or groove at the back, and having the cord connected
thereto at a suitable distance from the end. The head of the sash frame
is also formed with mortise holes to allow the guides to pass up when
required, or, if desired, the guides may be made in two parts connected
together by any suitable means. In some cases the cords, weights, and
pullies may be dispensed with, when I employ one or more adjusting
screws, wedges, keys, or other suitable means to act on the edges of
the guides, and press them up tightly in the grooves, so as thereby to
retain the sash in any desired position.
The Invention also relates to improvements in such description of
shutters and shutters frames in which the shutters are caused to slide
with suitable guides, and consists in the employment of grooves in the

page_text: shutter and in the shutter frame to receive guides, which are connected
to the shutter by pins, keys, or screws, thereby dispensing with the
beadings ordinarily employed.
The various improvements before referred to are also applicable to
shutters.
And in order that my Invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying
Drawings, more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a sectional front view on the line 1, 1, of Figure 2, which
is a sectional plan on the line 2, 2, of Figure 1, shewing the mode in
which I carry out the first part of my Invention; Figure 3 is a sectional
plan on the line 3, 3, Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a vertical section on the
line 4, 4, of Figure 2.
a is the lower sash, and 6 is the upper sash, which it will be seen aro
provided with grooves a', b', in which plain guides c are held by screws d,
as shewn, or by other suitable means, there being grooves e in the sash
frame in which the guides c work. By these means by simply removing
tlie screws d or other connections the guides c are released from the
sashes, and are at liberty to slide out of them so as to enable the sashes
to be readily removed from their frames without, as heretofore, having to
move the guides sideways in the grooves in the sash stiles.
It will be seen also on reference to the Drawings that the guides c,
which I prefer to form of wood, are covered with thin sheet metal c¹ on
three sides,, so as to protect them from injury by the weather or use,
whilst I employ springs to act on the edge of the guides c to prevent
any sideway motion thereof in their grooves. These springs fI form,
as shewn, of a strip of metal sprung into saw cuts made in the
guides c.
At Figures 5 and 6 I have shewn an end view and section full size of
part of a guide c, in which only one side (which will be the weather
side) is covered with a metallic plate c', the outer edges of which are
sprung outwards, as shewn, to act as a spring packing to prevent any noise
or vibration in the sashes, and also to prevent the passage of dust,
draught, or moisture.

page_text: If desired the other side of the guides c may also have applied thereto
a similar metallic covering, as shewn at Figure 2. The cords g from the
weights are connected to the guides c by passing into a recess c formed
for them in such guides, and being nailed and glued therein, as will be
well understood.
In cases where there is no box or cavity h in the sash frame above
the sashes to receive the pulleys I employ a pulley such as that shewn
at Figures 7 and 8, with a groove or slot in the face plate i, both
above and below the pulley, so as to allow the guides to pass above such
pulleys when it is desired to liberate the sashes. The edge of the groove i
is rounded at to facilitate the passage of the cord. In connection with
these pulleys I employ guides, as shewn at Figures 9, provided with a groove
k at the back, and having the cord passed through a hole formed therein,
and connected thereto at a suitable distance from the end, as shewn, the
head of the sash frame being formed with mortise holes to allow the
guides to pass up when required, or, if desired, the guides may be made
in two half lengths, which may be connected together in any suitable
manner.
At Figures 1, 3, and 4 I have shewn the mode I prefer to mount
the pulleys when a box or cavity is employed to receive them. This I do
by first making suitable recesses in the box or cavity to receive the
pulleys j, and then passing a screw bolt or axis through the pulleys,
such screw bolt or axis being screwed into the sash frame, as shewn.
I sometimes make the guides c entirely of metal, in which case I find it
advisable to line the grooves e in the sash frame with metal to facilitate
the action of the parts, and to prevent undue wear. This lining 1 also
sometimes employ with guides otherwise formed; and I in some cases
cause the two sides of the lining to spring inwards to clip the
guides.
Figure 10 is a sectional front view on the line 5, 5, of Figure 11,
which is a sectional plan on the line 6, 6, of Figure 10, and Figure 12 is
a vertical section on the line 7, 7, of Figure 11, shewing the mode I
adopt when dispensing with the cords, weights, and pulleys, similar
parts being marked with similar letters of reference to those employed in
the previous Figures; but in order that the sashes may be retained in any
position in which they may be placed, I employ one or more adjusting
screws, as shewn' at Figure 10, or other suitable means may be

page_text: employed to act on the edges of the guides c to press them tightly
in the grooves, so as thereby to retain the sashes in any desired
position.
The Invention relates, secondly, to improvements in such description
of shutters and shutter frames in which the shutters are caused to slide
with suitable guides, and consists in the employment of grooves a¹, b',
in the shutters and grooves e in the shutter frames, suitable guides c
being fixed in the grooves a', 6', by pins, keys, or screws, as described
with referenco to the sashes, thereby dispensing with the beadings
ordinarily employed. The various improvements before referred to are
also applicable to shutters.
I have not thought it necessary to give a Drawing of this part of my
Invention, as with the description already given such will be readily
understood.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
mode in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shewn and
described; but what I do claim is,―
First. The employment of plain guides c, which when disconnected
from the sashes readily slide out therefrom, substantially as hercin shewn
and described.
Secondly. I claim the employment of a thin sheet metal covering c¹
to one or more sides of the guides c to act as a spring packing thereto,
and to protect them from wear or injury by the weather. Also I claim
the employment of springs f to act on the edges of the guides, and of
pulleys such as that shown at Figures 7 and 8 to permit of the guides
passing above such pulleys, all substantiaily as herein shown and
described.
Thirdly. I claim the employment in sashes where no weights or
pulleys are employed of grooves a', ', and e in combination with guides c
acted upon by one or more adjusting screws, wedges, keys, or other
suitable means to press them tightly in the grooves, and thereby retain
the sashes in any desired position, substantially as hercin shewn and
Jasanilad

page_text: Fourthly. I claim the application of the improvements described with
respect to Figures 1, 2, and 3 to shutters and shutter frames, sub-
stantially as herein shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bullivant, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
T. BULLIVANT. (L.s.)