Improvements in or relating to Hot Water Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1892

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Hot Water Heating Apparatus.
I, OTTOCAR LINDEMANN, Engineer, of 86 Queen Street Cheapside, London
E.C. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
By the overheating of the water in warm water heating apparatus steam is
generated, and as this naturally collects at the point in the apparatus, where the
pressure is lowest, namely at the highest point of the warm water supply pipe,
the continuous connection of the water in the apparatus is broken at this point, and
in consequence the circulation of the water is stopped.
My improvement consists in means and apparatus by the use of which the steam
which forms in the apparatus has no influence on the circulation, and further in
utilizing the steam for the regulation of the consumption of fuel under the boiler.
I place at the highest point of the warm water supply pipe a closed steam collecting
vessel, which may have sufficient outside surface to condense a considerable weight
of steam, and may be connected to the expansion cistern by a syphon pipe, in
which syphon pipe may be placed a supplementary condensing vessel.
steam collecting vessel or in a vessel placed in the syphon pipe a float may be
so arranged as to rise and fall according to the steam pressure, and in so doing
to control the draught and consumption of fuel in the boiler furnace.
In the
The accompanying drawing illustrates the arrangement, a is the boiler, 6 the
warm water flow pipe; c the upper distributing pipe to the heating stoves e & e;
ff regulating valves or cocks in the connections d, d; hh collecting pipe for
cold water and return to boiler; 9, 9. connecting pipes between the heating
stoves and the return pipe h; i steam collecting vessel with heating pipe k attached
to give increased cooling surface; l aircock, m syphon pipe connecting the steam
collecting vessel i to the expansion cistern n, and having in its length a condensing
vessel o and a cistern p, containing a float g, which latter may be connected by
levers or link work to the arrangement for regulating the draught under the boiler
in such way that the sinking of the float will cause a reduction of the draught or
vice-versa. The float q may be placed in the steam collecting vessel i.
The method of working of the apparatus is as follows: The steam collecting
vessel i, and the supplementary vessel or pipe k is partly filled with air. The
volume of air can be adjusted by the aircock 1. As soon as the water in the heating
apparatus is overheated, steam is thrown off from the surface of the water in the
vessel i, and this steam forces the water out of vessel i through the syphon pipe m
into the expansion cistern n, until the surface of the water in vessel is depressed
to the level of the pipe m; then if the pressure still rises, the water is forced down
the pipe m.
The air in the vessels i and k sinks, in consequence of its higher
specific gravity, than that of steam, to the lowest point, that is, into the pipe m, and
the vessels i and k are thus free of air, and filled with steam, which condenses on
their surface. If this condensation of the steam be not sufficient to prevent the
pressure rising, the water is forced out of the cistern p, and in consequence the
Hoat & falls, causing the draught under the boiler to be reduced or entirely stopped.
Should the pressure still rise, the water in the syphon m is forced still lower until
the steam reaches the vessel o, which may be provided with a large cooling surface.
Should the further condensation, which here takes place, not suffice to prevent the
pressure still rising, the steam will pass ultimately into the expansion cistern n,
naking there such noise as will call attention to it. During all this time however,
he circulation of the water through the heating apparatus is entirely unaffected,

page_text: as the connection between the water in the warm water supply pipe, and the cold
cold water return pipe remains unbroken.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. "In connection with warm water heating apparatus with open expansion
cisterns, the combination of a closed vessel placed above the warm water flow pipe
from the boiler in such way, that any steam generated will separate from the water
and collect in the upper part of this vessel, where it may be condensed without
interfering with the free circulation of the water through the heating apparatus."
2. "With warm water heating apparatus with open expansion cistern, and steam
collecting vessel the connection of the expansion cistern by means of a syphon pipe
to the steam collecting vessel."
3. "With warm water heating apparatus with steam collecting vessel connected
by a syphon pipe to the expansion cistern the further combination of a supple-
mentary condensing vessel in the syphon pipe."
4. "With warm water heating apparatus with steam collecting vessel connected
by a syphon pipe to the expansion cistern, the arrangement of a float in the steam
collecting vessel or in a vessel placed in the syphon pipes, in such way, that, by
means of levers or links connecting the float to the draught-regulator of the boiler,
an increase of pressure in the boiler or a lowering of the level of the water in the
leg of the syphon connected to the steam collecting vessel will cause a lessening of
the draught under the boiler."
Dated this 29th day of September 1892.
OTTOCAR LINDEMANN.