IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Edward Duyck, of Wandsworth, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE."
Sealed the 1st August 1856, and dated the 6th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Edward Duyck at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the
6th February 1856.
I, JAMES EDWARD DUYCK, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining with the oleaginous seeds or substances
now ordinarily employed in the manufacture of oil cake, burnt or torrefied
vegetable, farinaceous, and saccharine substances, in order to impart a clean
and agreeable flavour thereto, without detracting from the nourishing proper-
ties' of the other ingredients, and, indeed, in some cases, these properties are
increased by the combination of the torrefied or burnt matters abové námed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Edward Duyck in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EDWARD DUYCK, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Edward Duyck, Her special licence that I, the said James Edward Duyck, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Edward Duyck, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Edward Duyck, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Edward Duyck, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in combining burnt, roasted, or torrefied vegetable,
farinaceous, and saccharine substances with oleaginous seeds or substances
now ordinarily employed or capable of being employed in the manufacture of
oil cake, in order to impart an agreeable. flavor thereto, without detracting
from the nourishing properties of the other ingredients. In some cases, even,
the combining of the above-named burnt or torrefied matters increases the
nutritious qualities of the oil cake.
By means of my Invention, also, certain unpalatable nuts and seeds (not
hitherto advantageously used for the purpose) and even damaged and musty
ingredients are rendered fit to be employed in the manufacture of oil cake,

page_text: and form a palatable and nutritious food for cattle. Musty or damaged
oil cakes may also be mixed with burnt or torrefied vegetable matters,, and
rendered available as food. In working certain oleaginous seeds or nuts, by
the ordinary process, the cakes left, after extracting the greater portion of the
oil, are not generally in a fit state to be employed as food for cattle, but are
only available as manure.
Now, by combining therewith burnt or torrefied vegetable matters according
to my Invention they are rendered fit and proper for food.
There are certain seeds and oleaginous substances containing nutritious
properties, such, for example, as rape, mustard, cotton, and niger seeds, &c.,
which have hitherto not been advantageously employed as animal food on
account of their pungent and bitter taste. Now, by mixing farinaceous and
saccharine materials (burnt, torrefied, or roasted,) with such oleaginous matters,
a palatable and nutritious oil cake may be manufactured therefrom, and
these substances turned to good account as food for cattle.
I do not confine myself to the employment of any particular description of
torrefied vegetable, farinaceous, or saccharine matter in order to carry my In-
vention into effect; but I may mention, by way of example, amongst other
farinaceous matters as proper for the purpose, barley, Indian corn, wheat, rye,
and other corn and grain, bran and pollard, and, amongst saccharine matters,
beetroot, carrots, parsnips, &c. Any one vegetable matter may be mixed with
the other ingredient or ingredients composing the oil cake, or two or more
vegetable matters may be mixed therewith. Thus, for example, the oleaginous
seed or other substance may be combined with one, two, or more different
farinaceous matters, or with one, two, or more different saccharine matters, or
with both farinaceous and saccharine vegetable matters of different descriptions.
I now proceed to describe the mode in which my Invention may be carried
into effect.
I first torrefy, roast, or burn (as the case may be), a quantity of vegetable
matter in a suitable apparatus, and then grind it into powder. A good mixture
for this purpose may be formed as follows:-1 cwt. roasted barley; 1 cwt.
roasted Indian corn; cwt. torrefied bran or pollard. This composition I
mix with the damaged or heated seeds or cakes, in the proportions and in the
manner hereafter described:-Taking, in the first instance, damaged or heated
seed, I pass it through the rolls in the usual manner, and then throw it under
the stones, and add to it from five to ten per cent. of the above composition,
according to its nature and condition; it is then formed into clods, and the oil
expressed as usual. I then take equal quantities of these clods and sound
linseed clods and re-grind them, after which they are again passed through the

page_text: presses and formed into small cakes, the linseed cakes of commerce. Secondly,
in operating on damaged or heated cakes, of whatever kind, I grind them under
the stones, and add to them from five to ten per cent. of the above-named
composition, and then mix with them an equal quantity of good sound linseed
clods, moistening with water, as usual, and then express the oil in the customary
manner, the resulting cake being, as in the former instance, commercial linseed
cakes. I do not, however, confine myself to the foregoing proportions, which,
as before stated, must be varied, according to the nature and quality of the
oleaginous substances treated.
Among the advantages resulting from this Invention are the following:-
In the first instance, there appears to be produced in the process of torrefying
the several vegetable substances a certain gummy matter, which, acting upon
the pulp of the seeds and nuts, sets the cakes much harder in the presses,
and the result is that more oil is extracted. Secondly, from this cause, and
the antiseptic and preservative qualities of the torrefied matters I make use
of, the cakes are delivered much drier from the presses than is usual, and
retain their sweetness for an indefinite period, which is of great importance
both to the crusher and the farmer, neither of whom can keep in store any
considerable stock of ordinary oil cakes, on account of their great tendency
to become mouldy and unfit for food when manufactured in the usual nianner
under the old system.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I do not limit myself to
any peculiar method of torrefying, roasting, or burning the vegetable matters;
nor to any particular manner of mixing them with the oleaginous ingredients;
but I claim, as constituting my said Invention, the combining of torrefied,
roasted, or burned vegetable, farinaceous, saccharine, or other suitable. burned
or torrefied substances with seed and other oleaginous substances: hitherto
employed or capable of being employed in the manufacture of oil cake.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Edward Duyck, have hereuntos
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-six.
JAMES EDWARD DUYCK. (L.S.)