matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR EFFECTING OR FACILITATING ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bevan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July 1858.
I, HENRY BEVAN, of Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop, Accountant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR EFFECTING OR FACILITATING ARITHMETICAL OPERATIONS," to be as
follows:-
The said machine consists of a series of strips of metal or other rigid
material, each of the said strips having impressed or marked upon it two
vertical rows of figures separated by a broad line.
Each of the said rows of figures is divided by a horizontal division into
groups, each group consisting of ten. There are as many groups as there are
places of figures in the multiplier; that is, one group for the units in the
multiplier, another group for the tens, and so on. For convenience of descrip-
tion, I will call these figured strips the vertical columns; on the head of each
vertical column is a figure, and the sum to be multiplied (when the machine is
to be used for effecting multiplication) is composed by arranging the vertical
columns so that the figures on their heads shall represent the said sum. The
vertical columns are thus arranged on a surface carrying a fixed series of
groups of figures, there being the same number of groups as in the vertical
columns, the series constituting the fixed groups commencing at zero and
rising up to nine. A series of flaps, each being of the breadth of one hori-
zontal row of figures, is turned down over the figures on the vertical columns

page_text: so as to cover the said figures. In order to multiply the sum represented in
the figures on the heads of the vertical columns, it is only necessary to lift
such of the flaps opposite the fixed groups as represent the multiplier, the
units figure of the multiplier being selected from the bottom fixed group; the
tens from the group next above, and so on.
By adding together the numbers disclosed by the lifted flaps, the addition
being performed vertically, the product sought will be obtained. Although
for convenience of description I have described the moveable series of
numbers as formed on vertical columns, yet the said columns are not truly
continuous, each column being bent to the right at the commencement of
each group, so that when the columns are placed together the first group of
one column is over the second group of the second column, the third group of
the third column, and so on. The vertical columns may be arranged on a
cylinder; and the series of figures may be arranged in a manner somewhat
different from that which I have explained, with the same or nearly the same
effect, but I do not think it necessary here to describe the various modifica-
tions which may be made in the details of my Invention. Although I have
only described my Invention as applied to effecting multiplication, yet it may
be used for effecting or facilitating other arithmetical operations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William George Armstrong, of the Borough and
County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE."
Sealed the 14th May 1858, and dated the 15th November 1858.
A PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION was left by the said William George
Armstrong at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Peti-
tion, on the 15th November 1858.

page_text: benefit of his Invention described in and by a Provisional Specification bearing
date the Fifteenth day of November One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight, and numbered 2564, and of all Letters Patent to be obtained for the
And I further certify that I think it for the benefit of the public
service that the particulars of the Invention, and of the manner in which the
same is performed, should be kept secret. Dated this Twelfth day of May
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
(Signed)
JONATHAN PEEL.
Witness,
CHA. M. CLODE,
Sol, to the War Dept.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUPOLA FURNACES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Coffey Alger at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1858.
I, CHARLES COFFEY ALGER, of Newburgh, in the County of Orange, of the
State of New York, in the United States of America, but now at No. 41,
Parliament Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUPOLA
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 shews the plan of the cupola at
the tuyeres, boshes, and charging place marked A, B, C, which is of an
elliptical or oblong form in its horizontal section, with one series of blast
pipes or openings all round in order to introduce the blast in the direction
and breadth of the hearth." Figure 2 is a vertical section taken across
the centre.
In a former Specification of Letters Patent granted by Her Majesty to me,
dated the Thirteenth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
seven, for improvements in furnaces for smelting iron ores, mention was made of
this same elliptical form of furnace being applicable to cupola furnaces in whole
or in part, and this is the form of cupola furnace which I propose using, as
seen in Drawings Figure 1 and Figure 2 accompanying this Specification.
What I claim as my Invention is an improved elliptical or elongated form of
cupola furnace constructed substantially as described in the Drawings accom-
panying this Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT, PREPARATION, AND CLEANSING OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATE- RIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Goodwin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1858.
I, JAMES GOODWIN, of Milton, in the County of Stirling, North Britain,'
Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT, PREPARATION, AND CLEANSING OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATE-
RIALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates more or less to an Invention of "Improvements in
Cleansing Printed Cotton and Silk Fabrics from Colouring Matters," for
which application for a grant of British Letters Patent was made on or about
the Twenty-fifth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven,
by James Goodwin and Andrew Boyd; but the present improvements com-
prehend the treatment, preparation, and cleansing of textile fabrics and mate-
rials in general, of various kinds, and whether coloured or not, as also the
preparation and application of a cleansing liquor for distribution, sale, and
general public and private use as a cleanser. The liquor is prepared by boiling
mineral coal, cinders, or other carbonaceous matter in water, adding a portion
of chalk or other analogous substance to the liquid. The fabrics or materials
to be treated or cleansed are boiled in this prepared liquor, and the result is,
that they are effectually cleansed whilst their colour is heightened and their
value improved.

page_text: The prepared liquor answers also as a substitute for the "dunging" pro-
cess used by calico printers and others. It is. judiciously available in all or
most of the routine processes of the manufacturer, printer, and dyer, as well
as for effecting economy in home washing for general domestic purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING THE SAILS OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescriven
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Pearce at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1858.
I, HENRY GEORGE PEARCE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING THE SAILS OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
To apply this Invention to (say) topsails, an horizontal supplementary spar
is fitted across the sail equidistant between the head of the sail and the close
reef. This supplementary spar is attached to the sail, and is suspended at the
ends on axles by ropes or chains, which reeve through blocks or chocks on the
topsail-yardarms, and are carried to the centre of the yard, where they are
passed through 'blocks or chocks, and carried on to the deck for convenience of
working. Or these lift ropes may be carried from the centre of the yard up
to the crosstrees or topmast-head, and thence through blocks or chocks to the
"top" or deck. The centre of this supplementary yard, which revolves, is
fitted with a boss to receive a "parbuckle," or "semi-parbuckle," one end of
which is attached to the supplementary revolving yard, and is passed several
times round it, and from thence to a hole or block at the topmast-head, and
down to the deck where it is made fast, thereby causing the sail when dropped

page_text: down to roll itself up both from above and below, and when hoisted to unrol
itself as the sail is elevated.
par-
The supplementary revolving yard is connected to the mast by two hoops,
which are connected together and encompass the yard on each side of the
buckle rest, and are secured to a "parral" or hoop that works on the mast.
The sail is split in the middle from the upper yard to a little below the close-
reef, to admit the centre gear to work through it. The edges of the split of
the sail are roped and held together by means of connecting link-travellers,
and which are attached to the hoops which encompass the yard, and traverse
up and down therewith as the sail is hoisted or lowered.
It will be readily seen if the supplementary revolving yard be fitted to the
centre of the sail and attached to a "jack stay" in place of the mast, the
whole of the sail might be rolled up on the rotating spar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1858

page_text: сте
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jeffries Kingsley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1858.
I, JEFFRIES KINGSLEY, of 52, Great Coram Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Lieutenant on Half-Pay, Her Majesty's 3rd Regiment of Dragoons, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention consists in this :-Instead of constructing
steam boilers of metal, which may or may not be jacketted (outside) with
wood, I purpose constructing boilers of wood of sufficient strength and thick-
ness, which I can coat or line internally with any suitable non-combustible
& impervious substance; or if I deeply embed the boiler in the earth instead
of wood, I could use brickwork, plastic materials, or other impermeable
substance other than metal. The wood is to be put together in staves or
pieces of analogous character, and secured by suitable hoops or binders. It
will be necessary that the furnace for heating the water in these boilers should
be contained within them, hence I purpose to have a case of metal or non-
combustible material to contain the furnace, the same to be secured to the
boiler, so as to avoid combustion of the wood by a projecting flange and
strengthening rods.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Chard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1858.
I, EBENEZER CHARD, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Pianoforte
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has reference, firstly, to an improvement in the action
of pianofortes, consists in communicating motion to the hammer direct from
the key through the intervention of a hinged lever sticker, by which the
hopper and ordinary under lever are dispensed with, and the superfluous
vibration of the hammer checked by being liberated from the butt at the
termination of each blow, the damper being secured through the medium of a
curved wire direct to the sticker; and, secondly, to a mode of insulating the
sounding board by suspending it direct from the strings or wires, by which
greater brilliancy of tone is obtained than by those of the present construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING THE LIQUID FROM THE SOLID PORTIONS OF FECAL MATTERS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gabriel Prax at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1858.
I, GABRIEL PRAX, of Paris (France), Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING
THE LIQUID FROM THE SOLID PORTIONS OF FECAL MATTERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a moveable apparatus to be applied to the pipe,
by which the fecal matters from water-closets are conducted to the sewers,
thereby allowing the liquid portions only to run off in the sewers, whereas the
solid parts remain in the apparatus, which latter, when sufficiently filled, may
be removed and replaced by an empty one. The apparatus consists of a
vessel of any suitable material, form, or size to allow of Leing easely moveable;
on the upper part a lid is fitted air-tight, in the centre of which glides a tubo
for connecting the vessel with the pipe, by which the fecal matters descend
from the water-closet to the sewers; this tube conducts the matters in the
interior of the vessel, in which latter is fitted a vertical division plate perforated
with suitable holes for allowing the liquids to run off through a pipe provided
at the bottom of the vessel, which pipo may be connected with a fixed pipe for
conducting the liquids in the sewer. In the centre of the upper part of the
interior of the vessel a short cylinder, also perforated with suitable holes, is
fixed by means of a rim fixed to the inner surface of the vessel, which cylin-
drical part serves in case the vessel might be entirely filled to allow the

page_text: liquids to run off, for which purpose this rim has a hole for the exit of the
said liquids. For removing the vessel the tube gliding in the lid is let down,
and the opening left is closed with a temporary obturator; an empty apparatus
is placed instead of the one filled, and the tubes for the entrance of the matters
and the exit of the liquids are suitably fixed to the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Sainte-Marie Derouen
at the Office of the Commissioners of, Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1858.
I, ANTOINE SAINTE-MARIE DEROUEN, of Paris, (Empire of France,) and
of 45, Essex Street, Strand, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows, and consists in the employment of two discs furnished with
needles on their circumferences. Those discs diverge more or less, according
the length of the filaments. One of the said discs beated by steam, bears
bobbins furnished with ribbons of the material to be combed ; a fixed sector
forces the material between the needles of the combs by the action of brushes
or otherwise, at the place where the combs are the nearest. The matter is
introduced to the machine, and is combed in the direction of its filaments.
1;
The combs are seperated by turning according the divergence, or the
angle which they form between them, and by means of their circular move-
ment they draw and comb completely the material submitted to them. For
the substances with long filaments the draught is made by a double drawing.
The noils are taken off mechanically by means of an endless cord, or
otherwise.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS CONNECTED WITH ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR ATMOSPHERIC POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Halldon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1858.
I, RICHARD HALLDON, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford, Locksmith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS CONNECTED WITH ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM OR ATMOSPHERIC POWER," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention, is to obtain in engines worked by steam or
atmospheric power an increase of power at the crank from any given length
of stroke of the piston. The annexed Drawing shews the means by which I
propose to effect this. (A) is the crank, (B) the connecting rod, (C, C, C,) a
system of levers of the description termed "lazytongs" pinned to the crank to
the connecting rod and to a fulcrum (D), by the employment of which levers,
the throw of the crank is considerably greater than the length of stroke of the
piston.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CURTAIN POLES OR RODs
Year: 1858

page_text: This invention rece
Totection, ou
proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time. prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th Junc
1858. A communication from Alphonse Loustauman, Merchant,
residing at Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CURTAIN POLES OR RODs," to be as follows:-
The pole or rod is made of wood or other suitable material, and is spirally
grooved. In order to open or close the curtains, the rod or pole receives
rotary motion on its axis by means of the friction of a cord placed on a small
wheel mounted on one extremity of the pole, similar to roller blinds. The
curtain rings take into this spiral groove, and advance or retrograde accordingly
as the pole is turned in one direction or in the other. For a single curtain, the
spiral groove is made in one direction only throughout the length of the pole.
For two curtains, the spiral groove is made from one end of the pole to the
middle, in the direction of left to right, and from the middle to the other
end of the pole in the direction of right to left, so that when the rod or pole is
turned, the curtain rings in the spiral groove approach each other and meet at
the middle, when the curtains are closed, or separate from the middle when
the curtains are opened.
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the arrangement of curtains, and
to dispense with the cords and pullies by which they have been actuated
heretofore, which are difficult to arrange, and easily displaced and broken.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF COMBINED THRASHING AND WINNOWING MACHINES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF ANIMAL POWER THERETO
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hart, Phillip Gibbons, and
Henry Gibbons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th March 1858.
We, CHARLES HART, PHILLIP GIBBONS, and HENRY GIBBONS, of Wantage,
in the County of Berkshire, Agricultural Engineers and Copartners, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF COMBINED THRASHING AND WINNOWING
MACHINES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF ANIMAL POWER THERETO," to be as
follows:-
Combined thrashing and winnowing machines driven by steam power are
not new, but the object of the present Invention is to combine the straw
shaking, riddling, and winnowing apparatus with a portable horse-power
thrashing machine. For this purpose the machine is enlarged, and instead of
being lifted off and on to a detached travelling carriage, when moved from
place to place, this machine is permanently mounted upon four travelling
wheels and worked upon the same. The straw shakers are mounted on a
carriage which forms a frame to carry the wood sides of the shaker, the
upper part of which is covered with sheet iron, perforated with- quadrangular
openings, one of the edges of which are inclined downwards so as to form an
angle with the surface of the shaker. Motion is given to the straw shakers
by a rigger on the mortice wheel spindle instead of from the drum, as here-
tofore. The riddle is formed-of-cross-pieces of wood inclined from the surface,

page_text: upon which are mounted at right angles the semicircular, upper, or leading
pieces forming a ridge and furrow, which keeps the short straws and cavings
from the body of the riddle while the chaff and corn finds its way into the
furrows through the riddle to the dressing machine. Motion is given to the
riddle by a crank on the mortice-wheel shaft; from thence by a rock staff
to reach the proper angle. The combined thrashing, riddling, and winnowing
apparatus constitutes the." barn work" of the machine, and in order to apply
the power of horses (or other animals) to working the same a peculiar arrange-
ment of horse gear is employed. This consists of a central vertical shaft or
spindle working in suitable bearings, having at its upper end the cross arms
to which the cattle are yoked, and at the lower end a crown wheel which
takes into and drives a pinion on a horizontal shaft of sufficient length to
reach the barn work. At the opposite end of this horizontal shaft there is a
spur wheel and pinion, the pinion being fitted on the crown or upper part of
the spur wheel in order to raise the connecting bar sufficiently high to give
motion to the barn work, which is constructed to work on its travelling wheels.
By this means motion is given to the combined apparatus without the inter-
vention of a driving band, the use of which is objectionable when so much
speed is required from animal power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF TROWSER BUTTONS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1858.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 77, Aldermanbury, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF TROWSER BUTTONS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the application of prepared paper or other
suitable material to the manufacture of trowser buttons, so aranged as to
form the front of the buttons, or placed between the back and front after
the front has been ornamented by pierceing, so as to allow the paper to shew
through the openings, and for colouring the same in the way that steel pens
are colored.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MADDER DYEING
Year: 1858

page_text: rotection,
nouce to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1858. A communication from Robert Patterson, of the City of
Philadelphia, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MADDER DYEING," a communication from Robert Patterson, of
the City of Philadelphia, in the United States of America, to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of madder dyeing,
whereby the process is greatly facilitated and expedited. According to this
Invention, the fabrics which have been printed in suitable mordants and
prepared in the usual manner, are submitted to the action of a hot decoction
of garancine madder, water, an liquid ammonia, or other equivalent alkali, in
the proportions of about 10 lbs. of garancine madder to 40 gallons of water
and 1 pint of ammonia, or other equivalent alkali. After passing through this
decoction, and being acted upon by it for from 3 to 5 minutes, the coloring
matter of the madder will be found to be completely fixed on those parts
printed in mordants. The addition of about 1 pint of alcohol to the above
ingredients will serve the purpose of confining the coloring matter of the
madder to those portions of the fabric printed in mordants, and of preventing it
from being absorbed by the portions which are intended to remain white.
AN IMPROVED NOSE-BAG FOR GIVING HORSES THEIR OATS, &c.
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1858. A communication.
I, JOZÉ LUIS, Patent Agent, of No. 1³, Welbeck St., Cavendish Sqro.,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED NOSE-BAG FOR GIVING HORSES THEIR OATS,
&c.," (a communication to me from a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as
follows:-
The bags at present used for giving oats, &c., to horses have many incon-
veniences. The principal one is that the horses do not breathe easily, & that
the oats get damp with the hot breath of the animal, & thus become
deteriorated. The present Invention obviates completely this inconvenience..
The bag is made of coarse thread canvas, the threads of which are close
enough to prevent the oats from falling out, and at the same time open
enough to permit the horse to breathe as easily as if the bag did not cover his
nostrils at all. The mode of suspension is the same as in the old ones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BENDING AND REEFING OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS' SAILS, TOGETHER WITH A NEW APPLICATION FOR THE LEECHES AND FOOT
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Treleaven Fox, of Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Master Mariner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
BENDING AND REEFING OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS' SAILS, TOGETHER WITH A
NEW APPLICATION FOR THE LEECHES AND FOOT."
Sealed the 21st May 1858, and dated the 29th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Treleaven Fox
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th January 1858.
I, WILLIAM TRELEAVEN Fox, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Master Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BENDING AND REEFING OF SHIPS' AND OTHER VESSELS'
SAILS, TOGETHER WITH A NEW APPLICATION FOR THE LEECHES AND FOOT," to be as
follows:-
By this Invention I facilitate the bending and reefing of ships' and other
vessels' sails, by substituting for the rope used for binding sails galvanized iron
chain. To the top of the sail, and on the chain last mentioned, are a number
of links, through which I pass the jackstay before the sail is sent aloft. When
the sail has been hauled up, by placing the jackstay (which is then connected
to the sail) in a number of hooks or cleets fastened in the yard it is ready for

page_text: use.
I thus gain lightness, durability, strength, and easiness of reefing.
Lightness, for galvanized chain is not so heavy as rope, especially when the
latter is wet; durability, for one galvanized chain will wear out about three sails,
whereas one sail on the present system wears out about three rope bindings,
especially for steam-going vessels the durability is great, all above the funnel
is exposed to steam from the escape pipe, the ropes are thereby constantly
damp, and soon rot, whereas steam his little or no effect on galvanized chain;
strength, inasmuch as a musket ball that would sever a rope would glide
harmlessly from an extended chain; easiness of reefing, for ropes at many
times are damp and stiff, and are at all times more difficult to reef than chain
would be from its pliability. I affix to the after side of the yards, at the
earings, small dogs, to which are to be fastened the cringles (which may be
made of a similar chain to the leeches), or reefs of the sail; when reefing by.
drawing the sail on to the yard, and fastening it to the above-mentioned dogs
with a piece of marline, it will be impossible for it to get under the yard. It is
much easier reefing on this principle than on the present, which requires that
part of the sail should be wound round the yard and then fastened; it also
saves marline.
I therefore claim as my Invention, the application of galvanized iron or
other chain for the binding of sails, a new mode of affixing the jackstay before
and after going aloft, and the affixing of dogs to the yard, all for the purposes
specified, and as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND SIGNALS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1858

page_text: This Invention receiveu
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lazare Prosper Lambert Alexandre
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th February 1858.
I, LAZARE PROSPER LAMBERT ALEXANDRE, of Paris, in the French Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS AND SIGNALS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
I place at intervals along the line of railway a piece of apparatus having a
lever or moveable part carrying a roller, which is acted upon by an, inclined
bar attached to the tender or engine or other carriage; or, a roller or projec-
tion may be carried by the tender or other carriage, and made to act upon an
incline on a moveable piece or lever in the fixed apparatus. The lever in the
fixed apparatus is thus moved by the passage of the train, and is retained in
its new position by a paul, or catch, or trigger. This trigger is held in its
place by a spring, but can be drawn back by a wire which is conducted along
the line to the next apparatus. As this next apparatus is being moved or set
in a similar manner by the passage of the train, its lever pulls the wire and
thus releases the lever of the first apparatus,, which is returned to its original
position by a spring or springs. These levers carry. or are connected to signals
or turning discs; thus, if a train arrives at one of these apparatus, the signal

page_text: at once indicates to the driver whether the previous train has yet passed the
next apparatus. On the engine is mounted another apparatus, with a vertical
spindle carrying a roller, which passes without touching the lever of the fixed
apparatus when that lever is in its normal position, but is arranged so as to
come in contact with the said lever when it is held back by the paul or trigger,
and the vertical spindle is thus caused to turn partly round and exhibit the
flat side of a disc or other signal, and to strike a bell on the engine. Thus
even if the engine driver neglects to look out for the stationary signals, or is
prevented from seeing them by fog or any other cause, his attention will still
be called by the signal and the bell on the engine itself. The stationary
signals may be suppressed altogether, or they may be used in conjunction with
the engine signals, if desired. The apparatus may be so arranged that the
second apparatus pulls the trigger for the first, and the third for the second,
and so on; or the third apparatus may be made to pull the trigger for the first
and the fourth for the second, and so on, and similar modifications may be
made in the details of the arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WET GAS METERS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Meacock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1858.
I, JAMES MEACOCK, of Snow Hill, in the City of London, Gas Meter Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WET GAS METERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in fitting a tube to the valve box in wet meters,
which leads directly into the spout, from whence the gas enters the drum and
wheel of the meter; in fitting the float at the back of the drum; and in attach-
ing a double valve or stop to the spindle of the float or to a spindle connected
by a lever or levers to the float.
Upon any attempt being made to tamper with the meter by tilting it
upwards or downwards the float would either rise or fall and stop the outlet
pipe by bringing one or other of the valves or stops into action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF ELECTRICITY AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1858.-A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF ELECTRICITY AS A MOTIVE POWER," a
communication from foreigners residing abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for obtaining motive power by the aid of clectricity,
and consists in the employment of a number of permanent magnets so disposed
that no two similar poles shall face each other. Between these magnets are
fitted to play freely a number of soft iron electro-magnets of the ordinary well-
known construction, which will alternately be attracted and repulsed by the
permanent magnets by reversing their polarity. The electro-magnets may
be made to transmit their motions by any convenient arrangement of mecha
nism when a simple electro-magnetic motion will be obtained.
In place of having moveable electro-magnets and fixed permanent magnets
the former may be stationery and the latter moveable, and the electro-magnets
may be employed only for polarising the permanent magnets..

page_text: It is also proposed to employ the electro-magnet in obtaining induced
electricity, which supplies wholly or partially the electricity necessary for
polarising the electro-magnets, which electricity would otherwise be required
to be obtained from batteries or other known sources.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: rovisional Irotection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1858.-A communication.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, E.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in constructing machinery for utilising gravity, and
centrifugal force. for obtaining motive power. The machinery is composed,-
First, of a peculiar pendulum or swinging lever, which after receiving an
oscillating motion by the hand acting on a cord, comes in contact with springs
which cause the pendulum to rebound and continue oscillating. This motion
is further assisted by means of the gravity of water or other liquid placed in
tubes or receivers at the bottom of the pendulum.
Secondly, in the combined action of a number of balance levers and pen-
dulums. The toothed vertical segmentary arm of each of the balance levers
gear with the toothed segment of each of the oscillating pendulums.
Thirdly, in a tubular wheel or drum which is divided into compartments
containing water or other suitable liquid. This drum is put in motion by
means of suitable gearing in connection with the balance levers and pen-

page_text: dulums. The water contained in it, by the action of centrifugal force, rises
from the centre of the wheel or drum into the tubes or compartments, and
presses on the circumference of the drum, which acts as an ordinary fly wheel
in accumulating and regulating power. There are two parallel series of levers
and wheels in the machine, and the power derived from the combined action of 5
gravity and centrifugal force may by a train of wheels be applied to any
purpose where it is required.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF SULPHATE OF QUININE
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1858.-A communication from P. G. Barry.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF SULPHATE OF QUININE,"
(communicated to me by P. G. Barry, a foreigner residing abroad), to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in treating quinine by liquid hydrocarbons instead
of by alcohol as heretofore. Take the dry quinine and lime, as in the ordinary
method, then treat them with some liquid hydrocarbon, preference being
given to mineral oils, whereby the quinine will be dissolved. Agitate the
solution, and add water acidulated by sulphuric acid, the quinine becomes
converted into a sulphate; after being left to settle, the oily essence will rise
to the surface, and may be used over and over again. The sulphate is evapo-
rated in the ordinary manner, and yields sulphate of quinine of fine quality
and regularly crystallized.
The oils most suited to the purposes of this Invention are, rectified oil
from boghead mineral, rectified shale oil, rectified coal oil, rectified oil of
petroleum, rectified oil of naphtha, vegetable and animal oils, and sulphuret
of carbon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS AND SAFETY VALVE LEVERS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bartholomew and John
Bell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th September 1858.
We, CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW, of Rotherham, and JOHN BELL, of Swinton, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PISTONS AND
SAFETY VALVE LEVERS OF STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved method of making the piston, and of
arranging the metallic packing and springs connected therewith. There is a
circular spring inside at the back of the metallic packing pieces, as is at present
usual. There is a plain boop at the back of the metallic packings cut in ono
place so as to allow it to expand. Inside of this there is another hoop, which
is a spring with the ends turned in, and a space between to allow of expansion
or contraction, according to the usual method. The novelty consists in the
packing pieces being in two circles in the depth one above the other, each
circle divided into three, four, or more segment pieces. The pieces of
the top circle are connected with the pieces of the lower circles by pins, and
placed so as to break joint. From this arrangement it is obvious that as the
packing pieces wear away on the outside, the inside spring expands and keeps
them to their place. The top and bottom circular packing picces, being
arranged to break joint as above described, keep the whole steam-tight. In
lieu of the inside spring above described, a modification may be applied by
introducing a roll of thin steel on the principle of a watch or lap spring of two

page_text: or more turns; by the above arrangement the bottom or top of the piston
screws off and on with bolts according to the ordinary method. In place of
this, the top and bottom may be solid, leaving all round a recess to receive the
metallic packing, and the lap or other spring placed behind; the spring is
inserted inside of the recess above-named, and the metallic packing placed
upon the same. It is obvious that where the metallic packing upon this
improved plan is applied to the ordinary piston, which is thicker, the parts or
packing pieces can be lightened in any manner that is deemed desirable.
The improvement of the safety valve lever consists of applying the principle
of the steelyard centre to the lever joint at the short or thick end of the lever,
so as to avoid friction, and allow freedom of action. The pins or male centres
must be of the best hardened steel, and the hooked or female centres for the
pins to work in, must also be well finished with hard steel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COP TUBES USED IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Newton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1858.
I, LEOPOLD NEWTON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COP TUBES USED IN SPINNING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
I make the cop tube parallel or straight from end to end, the same diameter
all through, so that it will fit the spindle either end up, and I bevil or taper
each end towards the spindle to avoid any jerk or sudden check in winding
on the yarn. I make the said tubes of gutta percha, or combination of gutta
percha with other materials, box, or other suitable woods, or any material
capable of being turned or moulded to the form of a tube, and capable of
standing steam or heat. I am aware that parallel tubes have been used, but
not tapered off to the spindle, such being made square or blunt at the ends
the same thickness as in the middle, thereby causing a sudden jerk, as afore-
said, in winding on the yarn.
The advantages of my said Invention are a saving of time in the use of
them, as the operator can put them on the spindle either end down, not
having to look for the proper end, as heretofore; avoiding the necessity of
turning the copping motion to follow the shape of the tube; they will not slip
out of the cops as the conical ones are accustomed to do; less waste in
weaving, because by the action of the shuttle the cops sometimes come com-

page_text: pletely off the conical tubes and are lost; avoiding slack ends, as is generally
the case with conical tubes by the yarn coming off too quick at the last row
on the tube; economy in the first cost, and in the time of the operatives; and
durability.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COATING OR AMALGAMATING IRON WITH SILVER, COPPER, BRASS, OR OTHER METALS OR ALLOYS OF METALS
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Selah Hiler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1858.
I, SELAH HILER, of Haverstraw, in the County of Rockland, and State of
New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of tho
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COATING OR AMALGAMATING IRON
WITH SILVER, COPPER, BRASS, OR OTHER METALS OR ALLOYS OF METALS," to be as
follows:-
In the manufacture of stair rods, trunk nails, buttons, tubing, hinges, bolts,
and various other articles made out of metal, it has been usual heretofore to
form the same of brass, or other ornamental metal, which of itself is sufficiently
strong for the purpose, or else is drawn over a mould or form of iron, or other
cheaper metal, but even in this form the brass or similar metal is costly if
sufficiently thick, or if rolled very thin is not sufficiently rigid. The
nature of my said Invention consists in forming a surface of brass or other
ornamental metal on iron or steel as follows:-I take a suitable sheet, bar, or'
block of wrought iron, (or steel), and clean the surface thereof on
more sides and heat the same, and while heated cast on to said surface or sur-
faces the brass or other metal, and the union may be accelerated by the use of
borax or other flux, or the coating metal may be united to the iron while the

page_text: latter is in a state of fusion, and the brass or other metal is to bear the desired
proportionate thickness to that of the iron.
The iron and brass, or other plating motals may then be rolled down to the
desired shape or thickness, or cut out, or made up into any articles for which
said plated or coated iron may be adapted, such as buttons, stair rods, tubing,
bells, hinges, bolts, and other articles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LADIES' SKIRTS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Helen Catlin Traphagen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
24th July 1858.
I, HELEN CATLIN TRAPHAGEN, of New York, in the United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LADIES' SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in attaching to the outer or under surface of a skirt
or petticoat a series of air-tight tubes, placed horizontally on the skirt or
petticoat, to be inflated with air for the purpose of expanding the surface of
the skirt, and giving a "set" to the dress similar to that effected by the use
of hoops, cords, springs, and other means now in use. The horizontal tubes
communicate one with the other, by one or more vertical tubes having a stop-
cock on the upper end of each of them; or if more desirable, the vertical
tubes may be dispensed with, and each of the horizontal tubes be supplied
with stop-cocks, so as to adjust the circumference of the skirt to the required
dimensions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knowles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1858. A communication.
I, THOMAS KNOWLES, of Gomersal, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain novel arrangements of the parts con-
stituting several motions of the loom. Firstly, as regards the driving, the
strap pulley is mounted upon a short shaft capable of actuating a second or
main shaft by gear. Upon this second shaft is fixed a stud, which when the
loom is required to be driven is held by a catch mounted upon the wheel,
which is driven by the pulley and brought into action by the stop rod; the
driving power is thrown off by disengaging this connection. The lathe is
caused to vibrate by a cam acting against a lever, which lever causes a bell
crank to turn upon its centre, and to communicate motion to the lathe by a
connecting rod. The lever is kept in contact with the cam, and the lathe
consequently brought back by the action of a spring. In the picking motion
a lever is forced backward against the action of a spring, and carries with it
the picking stick; in this situation it is confined by a catch or trigger, which
is liberated when the pick is required, and the force of the spring projects the
shuttle. To the lever above mentioned is connected an arm, which causes

page_text: the picker to occupy its proper starting position. To the warp beam is applied
a metal band, constituting a brake. This band is held by levers, which are
regulated in position by a roller placed in contact with the warp. As the
yarn is drawn off, this roller, through the medium of the levers, loosens the
brake, and thereby diminishes the resistance to the drawing off. During
the shedding of the warp the yarn is slackened by a cam, which, through the
intervention of bell-crank levers, alters the position of the yarn guide roller.