Improved Arrangements and Appliances for Ventilating.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 9th June, 1891-Accepted, 18th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION.
Improved Arrangements and Appliances for Ventilating.
I, FREDERICK HENRY SMITH, of St. Wade, Bromley Park, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the ventilation of all kinds of closed spaces or places
where it is required to remove warm or vitiated air from such spaces or places,
and to introduce cold or fresh air thereinto, in place of the said warm or vitiated
air, and the said invention consists of the following arrangements and appliances :-
For the purpose of ventilating a room or hall for example, I employ one or more
vertical trunks or pipes which may be arranged against the walls in the form of
pilasters or columns, or be placed at suitable points in the room at a distance from
the walls, and they may be made so as to lend themselves to, and to form part of,
the ornamentation of such room or otherwise as may be convenient or desired.
The aforesaid vertical trunks or pipes are preferably closed at the top, but their
sides are more or less perforated with small holes; the size of the latter gradually
increasing towards the upper ends of the trunks or pipes. Air is admitted through
pipes or tubes from the outside of the room or space into the vertical trunks or
pipes, and suitable means are provided for baffling and deflecting the air so admitted,
in order to prevent it from rushing to, and escaping too readily at the upper parts
of the vertical trunks or pipes, and to force it to escape through all the perforations
equally, the graduated sizes of such perforations assisting in making the air issue
equally at all points where the perforations exist in the height of the said vertical
trunks or pipes. The means of baffling the air may vary according to circum-
stances; suitably shaped baffle plates or cups may be employed for example, but I
have found a convenient and effectual means to consist in carrying the air inlet pipe
up some distance in the vertical air trunk, and placing over the upper part of such
inlet pipe a pipe of somewhat larger diameter, closed at top, and extending down
round the inlet pipe so as to direct the air downwards in the vertical trunk or pipe,
before it rises round the outside of such larger pipe to escape at the lateral
perforations.
By these meaus I am enabled to introduce cold or fresh air into a room or space
without producing draught. The cold or fresh air so introduced displaces the hot
or vitiated air, which passes off through any suitable outlet or ventilator at the
upper part of the room, such as for example the ventilating apparatuses for which
Letters Patent were granted to me dated 22nd October 1881 No. 4638 and 4th July
1888 No. 9751 respectively.
For the purpose of ventilating such a room or space as a railway or other carriage
place just under the ceiling thereof a pipe, one end of which passes through the
roof of the carriage, and is there furnished with a suitable cowl, such for example,
as that described in the Specification of my aforesaid Patent No. 9751 A.D. 1888.
The other end of the said pipe is open, and is contained in a casing perforated with
small holes. This casing may be of any suitable shape, but preferably of fan shape,
so that the area for the passage of the air to the aforesaid pipe increases as the
mouth of the said pipe is approached. The hot or vitiated air passes through the
perforations in the aforesaid casing and is conducted to the open end of the pipe
contained therein. It then passes through the said pipe to the cowl and there
issues into the outer air.
Deted this 10th der of Sentember 1890.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Arrangements and Appliances for Ventilating.
I. FREDERICK HENRY SMITH, of St. Wade, Bromley Park, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :--
This invention relates to the ventilation of all kinds of closed spaces or places
where it is required to remove warm or vitiated air from such spaces or places, and
10 introduce cold or fre hair thereinto in place of the said warm or vitinted air,
and the said invention consists of the arrangements and appliances hereinafter
described, and illustratel in the accompanying sheet of drawings.
For the purpose of ventilating a room or hall for example, l'employ one or more
vertical trunks or pipes such as are shown at A in Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings,
in which Figures 1 and 3 are sectional elevations and Figures 2 and 4 corre
sponding sectional plans. These trunks or pipes may be arranged against the walls
or other places in the form of pilasters or columns, or may be sink into the walls so
as to appear fair with the face of the same, or he placed at suitable points in the
room at a distance from the walls, and they may be made so as to lenil themselves
to and to form part of the ornamentation of stel room, or otherwise as may be
convenient or desired.
The said vertical trunks or pipes, pilasters, or column, may be closed at top, but
one or more of their sides is or are perforated with small holes the size or number
of which preferably increases towards the upper ends of the trunks or pipes, so that
the aggregate area of such holes increases from the lower to the upper ends of such
trunks or pipes as illustrated in the drawings.
Air is admitted through pipes or tubes B from the outside of the room or space
into the vertical trunks or pipes A, and suitable means may be provided for battling
and deflecting the air so admitted, in order to prevent it from rushing to and
escaping too readily at the upper parts of the vertical trunks or pipes X, and to
force it to escape through all the perforations equally; the graduated sizes of such
perforations assisting in making the air issue equally at all points where the
perforations exist in the height of the said vertical trunks or pipes. The means of
baffling the air may vary according to circumstances; suitably shaped baffle plates or
caps may be employed for example, but I have found a convenient and effectual means
to consist in carrying the air inlet pipe, see Figure 1, upsome distance in the vertical
air trunk A, and placing over the upper part of such inlet pipe a pipe or cap Cof
somewhat larger size, closed at top, and oxtending down round the inlet pipe B so
ns to direct the air downwards in the vertical trunk or pipe A. before it rises round
the outside of such larger pipe C to escape at the lateral perforations. When the
air enters at the top of the trunk or pipe A. the inlet pipe B is preferably carried
down to near the bottom of the said trunk or pipe A as shown in Figure 3. In
this case the inlet pipe B serves the same purpose as the covering or deflecting
pipe C in Figure 1.
It is sometimes found desirable to warm the fresh air before it is admitted into
the room.
For this purpose I employ the arrangement shown at Figure 5 which
is a vertical sectional elevation of a trunk or pipe similar to that shown at A in
Figures 1 to 4. Bis the inlet pipe leading fresh air from outside the room into
the trunk or pipe A. D is a metallic pipe placed inside the trunk or pipe A. and
furnished at its lower end with an atmospheric gas burner E for example. The
pipe D is preferably closed at its lower end except as to a few perforations sufficient
to supply atmospheric air to the burner E to effect proper combustion of the gas.
The upper end of the pipe D may be merely passed through the otherwise closed
end of the trunk or pipe A, and be left open as shown, or may be continued out
through the wall, or otherwise, so as to discharge the products of combustion of the

page_text: gas at any desired point. It will now be understood that fresh air, entering by the
nlet pipe B, will come in contact, as it rises in the trunk or pipe A, with the
heated pipe D and will be more or less warmed thereby before it escapes into the
room through the perforations in the trunk or pipe A.
It is obvious that any other means of warming the air as it passes through the
trunk or pipe A may be employed, for example pipes warmed by hot water, steam,
or hot air, may be employed instead of the pipe D heated by gas.
The trunks or pipes A may be made of any desired height and arranged to
extend from the floor to the ceiling, or to any lesser height, or their lower ends may
be placed at any desired height above the floor, and their upper ends carried up to
the ceiling or to any desired height short of that point as may be convenient or
desirable.
By these means I am enabled to introduce cold, or warm, fresh air into a room
or space without producing draught. The cold, or warm, fresh air so introduced
displaces the hot or vitiated air which passes off through any suitable outlet or
ventilator at the upper part of the room such as, for example, the ventilating
apparatuses for which Letters l'atent were granted to me dated 22nd October 1881
No. 4638 and 4th July 1888 No. 9751 respectively.
For the purpose of ventilating such a room or space as a railway or other carriage,
1 place just under the ceiling thereof a pipe F (see Figures and 7 which are
respectively a vertical elevation and an underside sectional view) a branch Fi from
which passes through the roof of the carriage, and is there furnished with a suitable
cowl, such for example as that shown at G which is of the kind described in the
Specification of my aforesaid Patent No. 9751 A.D. 1888. The said pipe F is
contained in a casing H perforated with small holes and has its ends open. This
casing H may be of any suitable shape, but preferably of fan shape as shown, so
that the area, for the passage of air to the open ends of the aforesaid pipe F,
increases as the mouths of the said pipe are approached. The hot or vitiated air
passes through the perforations in the aforesaid casing H and is conducted to the
open ends of the pipe F contained therein; it then passes through the said pipe to
the cowl G and there issues into the outer air. The arrangement, illustrated in
Figures 6 and 7, is shown double, that is to say adapted to serve two compartments
of a railway carriage, I representing the partition between two such compartments,
one half of the apparatus extending into one compartment and the other half into
the other compartment. If preferred, the entire apparatus, as shown, may be
employed to ventilate one compartment only, or one half of the apparatus, that is to
say one half of the horizontal pipe F with the vertical outlet pipe F at its end,
and one fan-shaped part of the casing H may be used separately for each com-
partment.
Figures 8 and 9 show respectively an elevation and a plan of a modification of the
above described apparatus in which the casing H instead of being of fan shape, as
in Figure 7, is of stepped form, the perforations to admit air being preferably
formed in the faces H of the casing. The action is however quite similar to that
of the apparatus shown in Figures 6 and 7.
The direction of motion of the air is indicated by arrows on the various figures
of the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A ventilating appliance consisting of a trunk or pipe one or more of the
sides of which is or are perforated with a number of small holes, fresh air being
admitted to such perforated trunk or pipe through a pipe or passage communi-
cating with the air outside the room or space to be ventilated, as herein before
described, and illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 of the drawings.
Second. A ventilating appliance consisting of a trunk or pipe one or more sides
of which is or are perforated with a number of small holes, such trunk or pipe

page_text: --
having within it a heating appliance for the purpose of warming the fresh air
admitted to the said trunk or pipe from the atmosphere outside the room or space
to be ventilated, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figure 5 of the
drawings.
Third.—In ventilating appliances of the kind forming the subjects of the first
and second claiming clauses hereof, forming the perforations in the sides of the air
trunks or pipes so that their aggregate area mereases gradually towards the upper
end of such trunk or pipe, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated in Figures 1
3 of the drawings, and for the purpose specified.
and
Fourth. A ventilating appliance for railway and other carriages, or other similar
enclosed spaces, consisting of a pipe one end of which opens into the outer air
through the medium of a suitable cowl, the other end opening into a perforated
casing of more or less fin or stepped shape, as hereinbefore described, and
illustrated in Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings.
Dated this 9th day of June 1891.
FH SMITIL