IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BROWN COLORS OR DYES UPON TEXTILE FABRICS OR OTHER MATERIALS.
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Clayton Mewburn of 169 Fleet Street in the City
of London, Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BROWN COLORS OR DYES UPON TEXTILE
FABRICS OR OTHER MATERIALS .communicated to bin from abroad by
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Clayton Mewburn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1883.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer, " IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BROWN COLORS
OR DYES UPON TEXTILE FABRICS OR OTHER MATERIALS [communicated to him
from abroad by La Société P. Monnet et Compagnie of St Fons, Rhone, France]
"
The salts of aromatic monoamines and chiefly hydrochlorate of aniline have
been employed to produce solid black coloring matters or dyes by their direct
oxidation on fabrics.
The present invention is based on the discovery that aromatic diamines and
particularly those constituted in the para position or their salts such as the
hydrochlorates of paraphenylene diamine and paratoluylene diamine are capable
of giving by direct oxidation on fabrics very fine solid brown coloring matters
or dyes varying from a cinnamon brown to the deepest dark brown.
The manner in which I proceed to produce the coloring matter or dye upon the
fabrics or materials to be dyed is as follows:-
Among the salts of the diamines I give the preference to the hydrochlorate of
paraphenylene because of its relative cheapness and the beauty of the shades
obtained. The materials to be dyed are previously submitted according to their
nature to the usual manipulations for fitting or preparing them for the dyeing
operation.
In a bath which is more or less concentrated according to the results to be
obtained but usually composed of about 300 grammes of hydrochlorate of
paraphenylene diamine to which are added 50 grammes of sulphuric acid at
66° Baumé diluted with 100 litres of water I immerse the material to be dyed,

page_text: mordanted or not according to its nature (cotton should be mordanted with
shumac and an emetic by the usual processes for very dark shades) for a sufficient
time to allow of its becoming thoroughly impregnated with this solution. The
excess liquid is removed by wringing or drying.
On the other hand I prepare an oxidizing bath with a solution of chlorate of t
potass and a small quantity of a salt of vanadium, or with a solution of
bichromate of potass, or any other oxidizing or dehydrogenating bath.
The bath of chlorate of potass is employed when it is wished to slowly raise
the color with the aid of moist air.
The chromate bath develops the color more rapidly especially under heat; it is 1
generally made with a solution of 500 grammes of bichromate of potass in
100 litres of water.
The textile materials impregnated with the solution of the salt of diamine are
immersed in the oxidizing bath more or less cold according to circumstances. The
color immediately develops and by successive immersions in the two baths and 1
in case of need exposure to the air between the immersions the color deepens
more and more until the desired shade is obtained.
The dyed materials can then be rinsed and dried or be submitted to the ordinary
preparations according to their nature.
For printing fabrics. I employ a concentrated solution of hydrochlorate of
para phenylene diamine added cold to the thickening material containing the
necessary quantity of chlorate of potass and traces of a salt of vanadium. The
color develops to its maximum in moist air; the fabrics are afterwards vaporized
and treated by ordinary means.
The invention applies to textile materials of cotton, wool, silk, hair and to
paper and other substances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Clayton Mewburn in the Patent Office on the 11th June
1884.
"
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN of 169 Fleet Street in the City of London Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BROWN COLORS
OR DYES UPON TEXTILE FABRICS OR OTHER MATERIALS (A communication to
me from abroad by La Société P. Monnet et Compagnie of St Fons, Rhone, France)
The salts of aromatic monoamines and chiefly hydrochlorate of aniline have
been employed to produce solid black coloring matters or dyes by their direct
oxidation on fabrics.
The present invention is based on the discovery that aromatic diamines and
particularly those constituted in the para position or their salts such as the
hydrochlorates of paraphenylene diamine and paratoluylene diamine are capable
of giving by direct oxidation on fabrics very fine solid brown coloring matters or
dyes varying from a cinnamon brown to the deepest dark brown.
The manner in which I proceed to produce the coloring matter or dye upon
the fabrics or materials to be dyed is as follows:-
Among the salts of the diamines I give the preference to the hydrochlorate of
paraphenylene because of its relative cheapness and the beauty of the shades
obtained. The materials to be dyed are previously submitted according to their
nature to the usual manipulations for fitting or preparing them for the dyeing
operation.
In a bath which is more or less concentrated according to the results to be
obtained but usually composed of about 300 grammes of hydrochlorate of
paraphenylene diamine to which are added 50 grammes of sulphuric acid at
66° Leaumé diluted with 100 litres of water I immerse the material to be dyed,
mordanted or not according to its nature, (cotton should be mordanted with
shumac and an emetic by the usual processes for very dark shades) for a sufficient
time to allow of its becoming thoroughly impregnated with this solution. The
excess liquid is removed by wringing or drying.
On the other hand I prepare an oxidizing bath with a solution of chlorate of
potass and a small quantity of a salt of vanadium, or with a solution of bichromate.
of potass, or any other oxidizing or dehydrogenating bath.
The bath of chlorate of potass is employed when it is wished to slowly raise the
color with the aid of moist air.
The chromate bath develops the color more rapidly especially under heat; it is
generally made with a solution of 500 grammes of bichromate of potass in
100 litres of water.
The textile materials impregnated with the solution of the salt of diamine are
immersed in the oxidizing bath more or less cold according to circumstances. The
color immediately develops and by successive immersions in the two baths, and in
case of need exposure to the air between the immersions the color deepens more
and more until the desired shade is obtained.
The dyed materials can then be rinsed and dried or be submitted to the ordinary
preparations according to their nature.
For printing fabrics I employ a concentrated solution of hydrochlorate of
paraphenylene diamine added cold to the thickening material containing the
necessary quantity of chlorate of potass and traces of a salt of vanadium. The
color develops to its maximum in moist air; the fabrics are afterwards vaporized
and treated by ordinary means.

page_text: The invention applies to textile materials of cotton, wool, silk, hair and to paper
and other substances.
Having now described the nature of the said invention as communicated to me
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim :-
Producing brown colors or dyes directly upon textile fabrics or other materials
by the direct oxidation upon such materials of aromatic diamines or their salts
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof I the said John Clayton Mewburn have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eleventh day of June One thousand eight hundred and eighty
four.