Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Churning Butter.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1895-Accepted, 20th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Churning Butter.
I SYDNEY CHEELD of Waterside Iron Works, Chesham, in the County of
Buckingham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to machinery or apparatus for churning, whereby the
conversion of the cream into butter is effected much more quickly, and with the
expenditure of much less power than by the churns heretofore in use.
According to this invention I employ a churning vessel of cylindrical, conical or
other suitable shape of circular section in a plane transverse to its axis. I mount
this vessel so that it can be rotated on its axis at a suitable speed, and inside the
same place one or more scoops vanes or deflectors, the outer edge or edges of
which comes or come as nearly as possible in contact with the internal periphery
of the vessel, but preferably without actually touching such periphery. These
scoops vanes or deflectors are fixed by any suitable means so that they remain
stationary while the churning vessel revolves.
It will now be understood that when the churning vessel is set in more or less
rapid rotatory motion, and cream is placed therein, the latter is driven by the
centrifugal force against the sides of the vessel and spreads out in a thin film over
the surface thereof. But as this film of cream is carried round it comes in contact
with the fixed scoops, vanes, or deflectors, and is thereby stripped off as it were
and deflected at an angle across the vessel so as to strike against another part of
the surface thereof where it again becomes subjected to the centrifugal action, is
again deflected, and so on over and over again, and is thereby effectually broken
up and quickly becomes granulated and formed into butter.
The aforesaid fixed scoops vanes or deflectors may be of any suitable shape and
size according to circumstances, and other vanes or ribs may be formed or fixed in
the interior of the churning vessel so as to revolve therewith for the purpose of
assisting to carry the cream round when the shape of the churning vessel, the
position of the fixed scoops vanes or deflectors, or other circumstances render such
vanes or ribs necessary.
Datod this 23rd day of July 1894.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Churning Butter.
I, SYDNEY CHEELD, of Waterside Ironworks, Chesham, in the County of
Buckingham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to machinery or apparatus for churning whereby the
conversion of the cream into butter is effected much more quickly and with the
expenditure of much less power than by the churns heretofore in use.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I will now proceed
to describe the same with the aid of the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1
is a sectional elevation of a churning apparatus constructed in accordance with the
invention, Figure 2 a plan of same, Figure 3 a section taken on line X-X of
Figure 2, and Figure 4 a sectional elevation showing a modification of the same
apparatus.
According to this invention I employ a churning vessel A. of cylindrical, conical,
or other suitable shape, of circular section in a plane transverse to the axis B upon
which it is mounted and with which it is adapted to be rotated at a suitable speed
by means of bevil or other gearing CD actuated by a crank handle or a pulley
applied to the shaft E adapted to revolve in a suitable bearing F. Inside the
churning vessel A is or are placed one or more scoops, vanes, or deflectors G the
outer edge or edges of which comes or come as nearly as possible in contact with
the internal periphery of the vessel A, but preferably without actually touching
such periphery. These scoops, vanes or deflectors are of a curved form as
shown in Figures 2 and 3 and are preferably provided with dauges G1 G2 at top
and bottom; they are fixed by any suitable means so that they remain stationary
while the churning vessel A revolves. In the arrangement shown in Figure I the
scoops, vanes, or deflector G are formed with or secured to an arm H fixed at the
upper end of a spindle I which passes down through the axis B of the churning
vessel A. and into or through a boss of the bracket or frame K in the bearings Ki
of which the said axis revolves. The spindle I is secured in any required position
in the boss by means of the set screw L and the scoops, vanes or deflectors G
can thereby be adjusted vertically to any required height in the churning vessel A.
The spindle passes quite freely through the axis B so that the litter revolves
without frictional contact therewith.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 4 the scoops, vanes or deflectors Gare
mounted as before on an arm H, but in this case the spindle I to which the said
arm is attached passes upwards and is secured by the set screw Lin the boss J of
a cross bar M carried by two supports N N secured to the table or base P on
which the apparatus is supported.
The vertical adjustment of the scoops, vanes, or deflectors in the churning vessel
is effected, as in the arrangement shown in Figure 1, by sliding the spindle I up or
down in the boss J until the required position is reached and then clamping it in
that position by means of the set screw L.
The churning vessel A may be provided with a cover Q or not as may be
preferred.
It will now be understood that when the churning vessel A is set in more or
less rapid rotatory motion, and cream is placed therein the latter is driven by the
centrifugal force against the sides of the vessel, and spreads out in a thin film over
the surface thereof. But as this film of cream is carried round it comes in contact
with the edges of the fixed scoops, vanes, or deflectors and is thereby stripped off
as it were and deflected at an angle across the vessel A by the curved inner
surface of such scoops, vanes or deflectors so as to strike against another part of

page_text: the surface thereof where it again becomes subjected to the centrifugal action, is
again deflected, and so on over and over again, and is thereby effectually broken up
and quickly becomes granulated, and formed into butter.
The aforesaid fixed scoops, vanes, or deflectors may be varied somewhat in
shape and size according to circumstances and other vanes or ribs R may be
formed or fixed in the interior of the churning vessel so as to revolve therewith
either at the bottom as shown in the drawings, or at the sides below the scoops,
vanes or deflectors, for the purpose of assisting to carry the cream round when the
shape of the churning vessel, the position of the fixed scoops, vanes or deflectors
or other circumstances render such vanes or ribs necessary.
Similar letters of reference relate to like parts in all the figures of the drawings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am aware
that it has been previously proposed to construct rotary churns with stationary
blades or beaters, but that what I claim is :-
First. The improved machinery or apparatus for churning butter which consists
of a revolving churning vessel A, containing one or more stationary scoops, vanes,
or deflectors G, adapted to strip off and deflect the cream spread out by centrifugal
force on the internal periphery of the said revolving vessel and with or without
vanes, or ribs fixed to and revolving with the said vessel, substantially as
described.
Second. In a cburning apparatus of the kind herein described the use of one or
more scoops, vanes, or deflectors of curved shape provided with flanges at top and
bottom and adapted to act on the cream substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 1st day of March 1895.
S. CHEELD,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.