matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASKS OR VESSELS FOR STORING PETROLEUM AND HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bailey Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1865.
I, JOHN BAILEY BROWN, of 36, St. Petersburgh Place, Bayswater, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASKS OR VESSELS FOR STORING PETROLEUM AND HYDROCARBONS,"
to be as follows: -
This Invention has for its object improvements in casks or vessels for storing
petroleum and hydrocarbons. For this purpose a compound cask or vessel
is constructed consisting of an interior cask or vessel of lead and an exterior
vessel or cask of wood. It is preferred that the interior vessel or cask
should be of a cylindrical or nearly cylindrical form for facility of manufacture.
At each end of the cylinder or vessel of lead a head or end of lead is fixed, by
soldering or otherwise, so as to be perfectly fluid and vapour tight. In one
end or head there is formed a tubular opening to receive a screw plug or cap
which will close the opening fluid and vapour tight. This vessel or cask of
lead is placed within or protected by an exterior vessel or cask of wood made
in like manner to ordinary wood casks, but it is preferred to have as little
bilge as may be, more particularly when the lead cask or vessel is made

page_text: without bilge or with very little bilge. By these means a very strong and
useful cask or vessel for storing petroleum and bydrocarbons is constructed,
such a cask or vessel will prevent the leakage of vapour now a source of
great loss, and will also prevent the dangerous effects of the escape of vapour
when in the neighbourhood of fire. The casks or vessels thus constructed
will at all times retain much of their original value.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINES DRIVEN BY A STRAP OR BAND
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Draper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June 1865.
I, JABEZ DRAPER, of No. 161, De Beauvoir Road, Kingsland, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING MACHINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER MACHINES DRIVEN BY A STRAP OR BAND," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed principally as an improvement in sewing
machines, the object being to prevent the possibility of the machine being
driven in the wrong direction, which frequently causes the breakage of [the
needle or thread and other derangements of the working parts of the machine,
it will be evident that the Invention is equally applicable to any other machines
driven by a strap or band and worked by a treadle where it is desirable that
the machine should be able to turn in one direction only.
The Invention consists in the use or employment of a moveable lever
tongue, wedge, roller, ball, or other equivalent device in connection with
a fixed inclined plane or surface so placed that the driving strap or band
runs between the two; so long as the driving strap or band travels in the
right direction it runs perfectly free, but the instant that an attempt is made
to drive the strap in the wrong direction (whether by accident or otherwise)
it becomes wedged or jammed fast by the action of the moveable lever,..

page_text: tongue, wedge, roller, ball, or other equivalent device against the fixed inclined
plane or surface, and thus the possibility of turning the machine in the wrong
direction is entirely obviated. Should it become necessary at any time to
turn the machine backwards this can be done by temporarily withdrawing
the moveable lever or other equivalent device by hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING OIL AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM BITUMINOUS SHALE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson and John Player
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 20th December 1865.
We, JOHN WATSON, of Kildale, Cleveland, in the County of York, and
Lombard House, George Yard, Lombard Street, in the City of London,
and JOHN PLAYER, of Norton, Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING OIL AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM BITUMINOUS SHALE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of heat as hereafter
described to bituminous shale in large quantities, whereby the volatile and
gaseous products are thrown off, and afterwards by passing them through
suitable condensers oil and other products are obtained therefrom. For
this purpose the shale to be operated on is placed in a suitably constructed
chamber, kiln, or furnace, and although the form may be varied it is
preferred to be of a form similar to that of a blast furnace, the exterior
is best constructed of sheet iron and an interior lining of fire-bricks or of
other suitable materials. The lower part of this chamber is provided with
openings by which the shale after the oil has been exhausted can be
removed, and also other openings by which air or gases may be intro-
duced. The upper part of the chamber is provided with a suitable
opening or openings through which the shale to be operated on can be

page_text: introduced through double locks or valves, as is well understood. In those
cases where the shale requires fuel to cause it to burn, the requisite
quantity is fed into the chamber mixed with the shale. From the upper
part of the said chamber is an opening into a pipe or tube through which
the volatile products flow by reason of a partial vacuum being formed by
means of a steam jet, exhausting cylinder, or fan, or any other suitable
means. The products after passing through the exhauster or past the
steam jet are caused to. pass through a series of metal pipes or other
suitable condenser, and the greater. part deposited..in..a. fluid state, the
uncondensible gaseous products are allowed to escape from the condensers,
and are used as may be required either for heating the shale in the
chamber or other vessels, or for rectifying the fluid products obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Collins Wickham and Auguste
Edward Deiss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th April 1865.
We, JOHN COLLINS WICKHAM, of Elizabeth Cottage, Armagh Road, North
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Candle Manufacturer, and AUGUSTE
EDWARD DEISS, of Bow Bridge, in the same County, Manufacturing Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect an economy in the manufacture of
waterproof fabrics. To this end we take vegetable gum of the class to which
gutta percha or india-rubber belong, and reduce the same in a masticator to
small pieces. This disintegrated gum we dissolve to a suitable consistency
by the application thereto of bisulphuret of carbon, to which is added from 1
to 2 per cent (or thereabouts) of chloride of sulphur either with or without
the use of heat, as thought desirable. The gum being well mixed with the
solvent in a digester is allowed to deposit the refuse and coloring matter
which it may contain; the clear solution thus obtained we apply to the
saturating of the fabrics to be waterproofed. To this end we run the solution
from the digester into an air-tight chamber, in the ends of which are formed
horizontal slots; the slots are covered by guide boxes fitted with pairs of
nipping rollers, between which the fabric to be operated upon is passed. The

page_text: fabric is drawn from a cloth beam mounted in an adjacent frame, and guided
into the chamber between the first pair of rollers by means of guide ropes.
When the fabric has entered the chamber it passes under and over guide
rollers mounted therein, and is thereby immersed in the solution; it then
passes out at the other end of the chamber between nipping rollers which
express the superfluous solution from the fabric. These rollers may, if
thought desirable, be heated. From this chamber it passes to a second and
similarly arranged chamber, the two being connected by a coupling box, and
here the fabric is subjected to a temperature sufficient to volatilize the sol-
vent. The heat may be given by a steam or hot-air chest placed below the
chamber; this chamber is connected by a pipe with a condenser to which the
volatilized spirit passes, and being there condensed is ready to be used again.
In its progress through this chamber the fabric becomes dry, and as it issues
out at the end of the chamber it is received upon a cloth beam as a water-
proof and vulcanized fabric; it may afterwards receive any finishing that may
be thought desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, FURNACES, AND ENGINES, AND, IN PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Elliott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 80th June
1865.
I, EDWIN ELLIOTT, of Wharf Road, City Road, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BOILERS, FURNACES, AND ENGINES, AND, IN PARTS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
to be as follows:-
My Invention applies principally to engines and boilers adapted for propelling
small boats, such as canal boats or small tugs. These boilers, which are
usually made what are termed cylindrical and upright, have the fire-box in
the centre, and with an annular smoke chamber or flue. In the fire-places of
such boilers the fire usually lies against the side of the fire-box all round,.
whereas, according to my Invention, I divide such space by a fire-bridge, sepa-.
rating part of the area against which the fire rests at the back. The heat
and flame rises up over the bridge, and descending behind enters the passage
leading to the annular smoke chamber or flue; the said passage may thus be
placed lower down and fuel is prevented choking it; a better circulation of
the heat is also prescribed in the fire-box. I sometimes also introduce:
partition plates or water spaces in the annular flue to prescribe more parti-
cularly the course of the heat and flame therein whereby to obtain the greatest.
effect from the heating surface, and to effectually cause the combustion of soot,
or prevent its lodging therein for a like purpose. The fire-bridge may be
simply a fire-lump placed across, or it may be a water space. In order to

page_text: provide means for keeping the flues clear, and at same time to afford free
escape for the waste steam, I employ two blast pipes, the one situated lower
down in the chimney than the other; under ordinary circumstances these
pipes are both open. When I desire to clear the flues, I shut one of said
blast pipes a short time, thus forcing the whole of the waste steam through
the other, and creating such an increase of draught as effectually to clear out
the flues leading from the fire to the chimney.
Another part of my Invention relates to the junction of the movable or
hinged part of the chimney of a steamboat with the fixed part, which I so
apply and fit that in the event of its touching a bridge in passing under it will
readily incline backwards and begin to lower immediately it moves, thus pre-
venting the destruction of the chimney, which is generally the case when made
as in ordinary, from the fact of the chimney on first moving actually rising up
a little instead of at once lowering, as described. I effect this by mounting the
joint on which the upper part moves considerably below the level of the
junction of the two parts of the chimney which unite in the form of an arc
described from such lowered joint pin with which it is connected by suitable
bars led in such direction as to impart the immediate falling motion
mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF FABRICS AND LEATHER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th May 1865.-
A communication from abroad by Miss Nathalie Rolb, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF FABRICS AND LEATHER," to be as
follows:-
In ornamenting fabrics for ladies' dresses it has been usual to produce
imitations of flowers, leaves, and fruits by weaving or printing the same in
colours or otherwise in the fabric itself of same or different material.
Now this Invention consists in the application of artificial leaves, fruit,
and flowers either separately or in combination to the fabric, which artificial
substances I either cement or sew to the fabric in the flat, and may or may
not more or less closely resemble the woven pattern. The artificial leaves,
flowers, or fruit are sewn, pasted, or fixed in any suitable manner flat on the
fabrics so as to form varied designs and produce a novel appearance similar
in some measure to figured or printed fabrics, but with greater effect. These
artificial leaves, flowers, or foliage may be made in the ordinary manner of any
suitable substance such as velvet, india-rubber, or of glazed material, and of any
color desired. These flowers or leaves may be further sprinkled with metal
particles as in ordinary. The flowers or leaves are fixed to the fabric by threads

page_text: of the same shades, which may be of wool, chenille, or other material; these
threads may also serve for forming the branches or veins of the leaves or
other ornamentation.
Lastly, I may produce the most varied and pleasing designs and arrange-
ments by combining lace, ribbon, braid, velvet, or other fabrics with the
flowers, leaves, or foliage applied in the manner described. Fabrics whether
plain or figured may be ornamented in this way in the piece or in lengths and
so as to greatly enhance their appearance. I also apply artificial flowers to
surfaces of leather in like manner in the flat.
AN IMPROVED LIQUID COMPOUND FOR PUMPYING SEA AND OTHER. WATERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1865.-A communication, from abroad by Léandre
Danjou, of Armentières, France..
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166; Fleet Street, in the City:
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED LIQUID COMPOUND FOR PUMPYING SEA AND OTHER.
WATERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a liquid compound. for purifying sea, ferrugi-
nous, and other waters, so that when used for feeding boilers incrustation may
be prevented, and when for washing, scouring, and cleaning their qualities
may be improved. The compound is formed thus, in or about the pro-
portions stated:-2 pounds of crystals of soda, 9 ounces of quicklime
slaked and pulverized, and 8 pounds of water. Place the crystals of soda,
the slaked lime, and the water in a pan and boil for about an hour, then
remove the pan from the fire, allow the contents to cool, and draw off the
liquid clear.
To purify sea water, pour about nine ounces of the liquid compound into
about one hundred quarts of sea water, agitate and allow the mixture to
settle, then draw off the clear liquid, which will be found to be purified.
For ferruginous waters, add about seven ounces of the liquid compound
to every hundred quarts of ferruginous water.

page_text: To purify soft water, add from four to five ounces of the compound to
every hundred quarts of water.
For soft waters the proportion of soda crystals in making the compound
may be considerably diminished.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mayall, John Knott, and
William Dennis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st April 1865.
We, WILLIAM MAYALL, Cotton Spinner, JOHN KNOTT, Foreman, and
WILLIAM DENNIS, Mechanic, all of Mossley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MULES FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to certain mechanism in connection with the "head
stock" of the mule, and is designed to prevent the excessive strain upon the
driving strap gearing and bands of the mule during the time the "backing-off
frictional gearing" is coming into operation, by which means the wear and
tear of the said parts is diminished.
The improvements consist in a novel construction and arrangement of
mechanism for effecting the said purpose, which mechanism consists of a disc
revolving in bearings secured to the "headstock" of the mule, and provided
with an adjustable stud or projection, which as the disc revolves comes into
contact with and forces back one end of a bell-crank lever, the opposite end
of which becomes raised and gives a vertical lift to a sliding plate. This
sliding plate before being lifted is interposed between the stad which actuates
the mechanism of the "backing-off frictional gearing" and the lever of the
frictional gearing, so that whilst interposed it prevents the said gearing coming

page_text: into operation too soon, so as to prevent the excessive strain; the said gearing
should not operate until the "run-out" or forward action of the mule carriage
is complete, at which time the sliding plate is lifted by the aforesaid
mechanism, which thus allows the "backing-off frictional gearing" to come
into operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND CUFFS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1865.-A communication from abroad by Henri Lucien
Girard, of Puteaux, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS AND CUFFS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing collars and cuffs as hereafter
explained. I take two pieces of stuff, one cotton or calico, the other linen.
The calico, intended as a support to the linen, is of a stouter texture than the
latter, and is placed on the inside, while the linen forms the exterior and
visible surface. The two materials are cemented together, dried, and
calendered. The two materials thus united as one are cut by a cutting
stamp to the desired shape, the button-holes being cut at the same operation
or separately. Lastly, the collar or cuff is gauffred or stamped with a figure,
border, or other design, or it may be worn plain as desired. Or I make the
collars and cuffs as follows:-I stretch a piece of linen upon a frame and
coat it with starch. I apply a thick sheet of paper and cover it with calico
or cotton. The frame is capable of extension, and I stretch the combined
material to the extent desired; it is next calendered and punched out to the
necessary pattern, and may be gauffred or stamped with any design according
to requirement.
AN IMPROVEMENT OF IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HANDLES OF SMOOTHING IRONS OR SAD IRONS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HANDLES OF VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sheldon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1865.
I, THOMAS SHELDON, of Sedgley, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OF
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HANDLES OF SMOOTHING IRONS OR
SAD IRONS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO
THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HANDLES OF VARIOUS OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The handles of smoothing irons or sad irons are commonly made of a bar
of wrought iron, the ends of which are bent nearly at right angles to the
middle portion, the said middle portion being flattened out, and turned so as
to make the said middle part which is taken hold of by the hand of a nearly
cylindrical figure.
In making the handles of, the said smoothing irons or sad irons according
to my Invention I take two short bars of wrought iron of a size and shape
proper for the sides of the handle; and I make a mould of the size and shape
which it is intended the middle of the handle shall have. I fix the side
bars in the mould, one at one end and the other at the other, the ends only
of the bars entering the mould. I then pour melted cast iron into the mould
so as to form a casting upon the side bars, the said casting joining the side

page_text: bars and forming therewith a complete handle. The ends of the side bars
which are inserted in the mould may be made of smaller size than the
remaining part, or they may be bent or shaped so as to give them a firm
hold on the cast iron. The mould may be cored so as to make the middle
of the handle hollow.
The improvement or improvements described may be applied to the
manufacture of the handles of box irons, teakettles, and other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR IMPRESSING DESIGNS UPON BISCUITS MADE BY MACHINERY
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gillett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1865.
I, GEORGE GILLETT, of Whitehaven, in the County of Cumberland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR IMPRESSING DESIGNS UPON BISCUITS MADE BY MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved apparatus whereby biscuits may
be made with an ornamental pattern or design on their surface, such pattern
or design consisting by preference of a wheat ear or ears, or of other grain, or
of flowers and leaves, or scrolls, or other ornamental. design, such as stars,
anchors, or otherwise. Hitherto biscuits have only been stamped by means of
raised metal type or letters indenting the name and address of the manufac-
turer, or the name of the biscuits in their surfaces, or by embossed patterns of
various descriptions; but according to my Invention I dispense with such
raised metallic letters and embossments, and apply a metallic die to form the
pattern or design. The die is constructed as follows:-The design to be
impressed upon the biscuit is cut or indented on the surface of the die or
block in such manner as to leave the outlines, borders, or edges of the pattern
raised from the pattern die itself, so that when the die is pressed upon the
biscuit, the raised metallic edges form an indentation or mere outline on the
biscuit, but the hollowed or indented surfaces of the metal do not touch the
surface of the biscuit, thus leaving the design itself on the same level as the

page_text: biscuit when first rolled, the pattern being denoted by the indented outlines
formed by the raised or cutting edges on the pattern block. I use a releasing
plate or plates to release the biscuit from the block, which is easily effected as
there is no contact between the indented surfaces of the block and the surface
of the biscuit to cause adhesion; the releasing plate which I use is either in
the form of an annular ring or in segmental divisions of sufficient area to effect
the liberation of the biscuit. I apply dockers to prevent blistering in such
form and number as may be requisite according to the design of the biscuit as
well as the size and quality.
The cutter or cutters are fixed to a block which is made to rise and fall by
a crank or cam motion, and the dough being rolled until the requisite surface
is obtained is then fed over an elastic or yielding table by means of an endless
canvas or flannel band and rollers, so as to bring the dough under the cutters.
The elastic table may be formed of india-rubber, or it may be set on yielding
springs as the dough is brought under the cutter, the block descends, and on
rising again the releasing plates liberate the biscuits and dough which are
separated by hand, leaving the biscuits to pass on to the tins for baking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Rankin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1865.
J, DANIEL RANKIN, of the Firm of Rankin and Blackmore, of Greenock,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers and Ironfounders, do
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MARINE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of the parts of marine
steam engines, such arrangement having a greater compactness combined
with accessibility and convenience than has hitherto been obtained with a
given size of cylinder.
The improved arrangement comprises one or more oscillating cylinders, and
each piston is fitted with two piston rods in a plane at right angles to the
crank shaft. A cross head is fixed on the two piston rods, and on the side
next the cylinder this cross head is formed to receive bearing brasses and a
cover for connecting it upon the crank pin. With this arrangement the
cylinder can be placed so nearly to the crank shaft that the crank pin will
have only the thickness of the bearing brass with its cover, and a slight clear-
ance in addition between it and the cylinder cover, whilst the stuffing boxes
for the piston rods can without inconvenience be made of the extra length well
known to be desirable with oscillating cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE HEAT OF STEAM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Estler Blacke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March.
1865.
I, DAVID ESTLER BLACKE, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING THE HEAT OF STEAM," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus which consists of a vessel in the form
of a cylinder or otherwise, to suit the form and position of the engine to which
it is to be attached, into which I introduce tubes of any requisite size and
number, making them fast in the ends of the vessel in such a way that the
interior of the vessel will be steam-tight, the tubes being open at the ends for
the purpose of allowing the steam and water that are blown into them to pass
through. The said vessel I supply with water from the boiler or boilers to
which the engine is attached, and, if necessary, from the source whence the
feed water is obtained, but either of these sources of supply may be used
separately. To the said tubular vessel I attach a pipe leading to the boiler or
to the engine, for the purpose of allowing steam free egress or ingress.
I place the said tubular vessel in such a position with respect to the
engine, that the steam, after passing through the engine will, before it is
allowed to entirely escape, pass into the tubes, my object being to communicate

page_text: to the contents of the tubular vessel aforesaid the heat of the steam, which
otherwise might be blown into the atmosphere or condensed by water, and by
this means to effect a saving in fuel, the steam being used over again for the
purpose of heating.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Forster and James Eckersley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 3rd June 1865.
We, THOMAS FORSTER, of Manchester Road, Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer and Millwright, and JAMES ECKERSLEY, of Kirk Street,
Bolton, aforesaid, Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to "take up" or wind the cloth or fabric
as it is produced either in a hand or power loom on to the "cloth beam" or
roller by means of a positive motion derived from a part of the loom itself.
For this purpose we make use of a lever or levers or other suitable arrange-
ment whereby motion is imparted from the "lathe sword" to a lever or
other equivalent which carries a paul or catch acting by friction upon a
grooved wheel in such manner as to bite in the groove, and thereby, when
the catch or paul is moved in one direction, to move the wheel by jamming
or wedging itself in the groove, but to admit of being moved freely in the
contrary direction, without moving the wheel, which is further secured from
backward movement by means of a similar friction catch or paul working on
a stud attached to the framing of the loom. Otherwise, instead of forming
the friction wheel with a groove as described, the catch or paul may be formed
with a notch so that when pushed in the one required direction it may bind

page_text: upon and move the wheel as described, and the retaining catch or paul may
be similarly formed. Motion is imparted from the friction wheel (which may
conveniently be fixed upon the stud of the change wheel of the loom) to the
cloth beam or roller by means of the ordinary wheel motion or in any other
convenient manner. We also make use of a similar arrangement of frictional 5
catches applied to the fly wheels of looms for the purpose when required of
instantaneously arresting their motion and that of the looms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL FIRE BREECH-LOADING CARTRIDGES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Eley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1865.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS ELEY, of the Firm of Eley Brothers, of Gray's Inn
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Cartridge Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL
FIRE BREECH-LOADING CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
Central fire breech-loading cartridges as at present constructed, with a
percussion cap containing an anvil inserted into a chamber pierced at the
upper end (the pierced chamber containing the percussion cap and anvil
being placed at the rear end or base of the cartridge), are liable to injury
or deterioration from the admission of damp or moisture passing between
the percussion cap and the walls of the chamber to the detonating powder
contained in the cap; such cartridges not being gas-tight at the rear end, at
the time of explosion the escape of flame is liable to corrode and dirty the
striker and breech of the gun, and is also liable to communicate with and
explode the adjoining barrel. Now in order to obviate these defects, I fill
up the interstices between the cap and the inner walls of the chamber in
which it is placed with melted wax, india-rubber, varnish, or other cement
capable of resisting damp or moisture, taking by preference bees-wax, it

page_text: being both waterproof and compressible. By this means the aperture at
the rear end or base of the cartridge will be hermetically sealed up, and
all escape of gas or flame prevented; cartridges so constructed being thus
rendered both water and fire proof.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF VEGETABLE FIBRE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Deltour at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1865.
I, WILLIAM DELTOUR, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF VEGETABLE FIBRE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in preparing a caustic alkaline solution as hereafter
named, and then boiling the vegetable fibre in the same for removing the
silica, gums, and other foreign matter from the fibre. The caustic alkaline
solution (which is to be made of about four degrees of strength by the ordinary
alkalimeter or soap boilers' glass) is prepared in a vessel provided with stean
pipes in the bottom perforated, so that the escape of steam will agitate and
heat the mass. I introduce in the vessel water with about equal proportions
of soda ash and quicklime, and heat the same with the steam. The propor-
tion of water must be determined by experience according to the quality or
condition of the soda ash and quicklime. The first lye thus produced is
drawn off through a gate into a receptacle, and more water is added from
time to time until the caustic alkali is taken up. The vegetable fibre is
placed in a tank or vessel upon a perforated bottom, beneath which are steam
pipes; I prefer that the said vegetable material should previously be passed
through a pair of rollers to break up any hard or knotty portions, so that the
fibre will be more uniformly acted upon when exposed to a boiling operation

page_text: in the alkaline solution prepared as aforesaid. I prefer that the perforated
bottom of the boiling or heating vessel be made in sections so that it may be
removed easily for cleaning out the said tank or vessel. Boiling the vegetable
fibre in the caustic alkaline solution, prepared as aforesaid, separates the
silex and other foreign matter from the said fibre in a much more thorough
manner than the alkaline solutions heretofore used for such purposes, and the
fibre is in a condition to be more easily separated by the ordinary washing
and pulping engines, and manufactured into paper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN COLOURING MATTERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Alexis Francisse Boboeuf at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th July 1865.
I, PIERRE ALEXIS FRANCISSE BOBŒUF, of No. 9, Rue Buffaut, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN COLOURING
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the production of aniline
dies and colouring matters either in a solid or liquid form.
My Invention is based on the double reaction or decomposition which takes
place when certain aniline salts are treated or mixed with other salts, thus, for
instance, if a double decomposition of hydrochlorate of aniline is effected by
mixing with it chromate or bichromate of potash, the result is the pro-
duction of in the one case a deep blue, and in the other of a deep green
colour. Again, by treating the same salt of aniline by the yellow or the red
prussiate of potash greens and blues of lighter shades are produced. The
filtrates and wash waters resulting from the precipitates are equally useful as
liquid dies. From what has been said it will be seen that my method differs
essentially from the methods of preparing the aniline dies at present employed,
as it consists principally in treating the aniline salts with an acid or another
salt, taking advantage of the colour produced by the double reaction.
The proportions in which the different substances are employed would
necessarily vary according to the different shades of colour desired; for

page_text: example, by taking 10 grains of hydrochlorate of aniline and mixing it with 10
grains of the salt of aniline, a neutral or non-colouring salt would be the result,
whereas by mixing 10 grains of the salt of aniline with 30, 40, and 50 grains
of the hydrochlorate of aniline, deep shades of black, blue, and chesnut are
produced.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF HEAT FROM STEAM CYLINDERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Simons and Andrew Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 28th November 1865.
We, WILLIAM SIMONS and ANDREW BROWN, both of the Town and County
of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineers and Shipbuilders, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING
THE ESCAPE OF HEAT FROM STEAM CYLINDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to a certain method of preventing the escape
of heat from and the condensation of steam in the cylinders of steam engines,
consists essentially in lining the interior of the cylinder with some material
having a low conducting power. The material which it is preferred to
employ is wood, although other materials may be introduced. The cylinder
casting being prepared for the reception of the lining, the lining itself is cut
into longitudinal slips and inserted all round the interior, the slips being held
close against the interior of the cylinder by their own circular pressure, and
the fastening may be made more secure by rings, bolts, longitudinal metal
slips, or guides of metal, or by other fastening that may be found available.
It is also to be understood that in addition to the lining of the cylinders
themselves the cylinder covers and bottom as well as the steam chests may or
may not be lined, as discretion may direct. In addition to the lining of wood,

page_text: there may in some instances be employed a third casing of thin metal to be
applied to the interior of the wood or non-conducting material. The top and
bottom sides of the piston may also be covered with wood or other non-
conducting material, which may be attached thereto by studs and nuts, bolts
or otherwise. As constituting this Invention it is intended to claim the lining
of the interior of steam engine cylinders with a non-conducting material, and
covering the pistons of steam engines with a similar substance, by which the
escape of heat therefrom is diminished; and, secondly, the several modes of
securing the interior non-conducting lining in addition to the thin interior
casing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING COMBUSTIBLE AND VOLATILE LIQUIDS. FOR GENERATING STEAM AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on t the 26th July.
1865. A communication from abroad by Patrick Hayes, residing at:
Footscray, near Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING COMBUSTIBLE AND VOLATILE LIQUIDS.
FOR GENERATING STEAM AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in inducting atmospheric air, steam, or hydrogen.
gas to the heated vapours of crude mineral and other oils for the purpose of
obtaining a more perfect combustion.
Mineral oil (such as coal oil or petroleum as it flows from the ground)
in its crude state, or any other description of cheap oil or coal tar or
pitch is taken and placed in a tank or cistern in a convenient position.
near the furnace, and at such a level as that they may be introduced. into a
reservoir to be placed in the furnace or fire hole where the heat is required.
by means of a pipe and stop-cock. This reservoir may be made of any
required size, and is partly filled with coke or broken stone or any other
suitable material for the purpose of giving a larger surface for the oil to act
upon, and consequently to throw off a greater quantity of fumes; it is. also.

page_text: partly covered at the top, leaving only sufficient space for the flame to come
forth either in jets through perforations, or through one large slot. Inside
this reservoir, and between the level of the material therein and the top
thereof, a perforated pipe is fitted for the purpose of conducting a sufficient
stream of atmospheric air, or steam, or hydrogen gas, to be supplied from
any suitable source, for the purpose of mixing with the fumes of vapor of
the oil, which can be heated by any convenient method. The vapor can
then be lighted at the perforations or opening in the top of the reservoir.
A continuous stream of atmospheric air, steam, or hydrogen gas must be
constantly passed into the reservoir through the aforesaid perforated pipe,
which may be formed of copper, iron, or fire clay. The reservoir will become
gradually heated, and the fumes of vapour of the oil will gradually increase,
and burn in a pure white flame without any smoke whatever, but giving out
an intense heat, which will generate steam much quicker than coals, and
at a cheaper rate. By means of the stop-cock before referred to the
supply can be cut off, and consequently the flame stopped whenever required.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPENSATING WHEEL TO BE USED WITH LOCOMOTIVES, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER VEHICLES ON RAILWAY AND TRAM ROADS, IN CONJUNCTION WITH OB WITHOUT THE WHEELS NOW USED, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN AT CURVES AND OTHER PARTS OF THE ROAD A ROLLING INSTEAD OF A SLEDGING MOTION NOW EFFECTED BY WHEELS IN PRESENT USE ON RAILWAY OR OTHER TRAM ROADS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James John Myers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1865.
I, JAMES JOHN MYERS, of 19, Hanover Buildings, and Caxton Iron Works,
Back of the Walls, both in the Town and County of Southampton, Machinist
and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPENSATING WHEEL TO BE USED WITH LOCOMOTIVES, CARRIAGES,
AND OTHER VEHICLES ON RAILWAY AND TRAM ROADS, IN CONJUNCTION WITH OB
WITHOUT THE WHEELS NOW USED, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN AT CURVES AND OTHER PARTS
OF THE ROAD A ROLLING INSTEAD OF A SLEDGING MOTION NOW EFFECTED BY WHEELS
IN PRESENT USE ON RAILWAY OR OTHER TRAM ROADS," to be as follows:-
First. I use a disc or circle of metal or other materials (of a less diameter
than the wheels now in use on railway or other tram roads) to be built of one
or more pieces, which disc or circle is to be keyed fast on the same axle at the
opposite end to another fixed wheel similar to that now used on railways, and
which wheel I propose still to use in connection with and alternately with my
Invention. And in order to equalize the sizes or diameters of the disc with
the other wheel, I use (outside the said disc, but connected with it) a loose
tyre, periphery, or circle of metal, with an outside flange to suit the shape of
the rail, and to overlap the rail on one side. I also use a flange or flanges in
the inside part of the said loose tyre, periphery, or circle of metal, which is to
fit into and work inside one or more grooves or recesses formed or built in
the disc or inner circle by means of two or more metallic plates or circles

page_text: fastened or bolted together. The inner disc and the outer tyre or periphery
is thus strongly connected together, but are at liberty to move independently
of each other and obey the demand at curves to revolve or roll at variable
speeds suited to the eccentricities of the other fixed wheel and the road.
Secondly. I use the loose tyre, periphery, or circle of metal, with one or
more recesses or grooves internally, and without the flange in the inside, and
I construct, and build, or cast the inner disc or circle, which is keyed on the
axle of the carriage, and which revolves inside the loose tyre in such a manner
that I may use plates, or studs, or pieces of metal inserted or bolted, or both,
to be fitted into the recesses or grooves of the loose tyre, periphery, or circle
of metal, in order to connect and prevent separation from each other when in
use.
I also use lubricating means to prevent firing or adhesion of the inner disc.
and outer loose tyre, and to assist their proper and intended simultaneous or
independent action as may be required with and of each other.
In- PROVEMENTS IN FISH HOOKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left: by Charles Baylis at the Office of
the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on. the 9th December
1865.
I; CHARLES BAYLIS, of Alvechurch, in the County of Worcester, Eish Hook
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN FISH HOOKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained in
double fish hooks,. whereby. the hooks are made capable of springing apart so
as to hook and capture the fish with ease and dispatch..
In making fish hooks,.according to my Invention, I make at the junction of
the stems of the two hooks a spring, the said spring being formed by the
coiling or bending of the wire of which the double hook is made. The spring
described may be circular, elliptical, or of other convenient form. By means of
the said spring the hooks when at liberty to move are pressed apart or are
expanded outwards.. Around the stems of the double hook. a band or ring is
placed, the said band or ring being capable of sliding upon the said stems.
By sliding the said band or ring towards the spring at the junction of the
double hook, the hooks are allowed to expand or separate by the elasticity of
the spring. By sliding the band or ring to the bottom of the stems the two
hooks are brought and maintained together.
In using the spring fish hook described the end of the line is connected to
the band or ring, the said band or. ring being moved. to the bottom of the

page_text: stems so as to close the hooks. On the fish taking the bait the line is pulled;.
when the ring or band is made to slide upon the stems, the double hook
opens outwards, hooking the fish, and: by its pressure opening the fish's mouth
and thereby facilitating its capture.
My improvements may be applied to fish hooks of various sizes..
E
A NEW KIND OF FIREWORKS OF A NON-EXPLOSIBLE AND NON-OFFENSIVE NATURE FIT TO BE USED IN DRAWING ROOMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Oppenheim at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1865.-A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Ferdinand Fredureau and Henri de Chavannes, Civil Engineers,
residing at 58, Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière, Paris, in the Empire of
France.
1, ERNEST OPPENHEIM, of 150, Leadenhall Street, E.C., in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
KIND OF FIREWORKS OF A NON-EXPLOSIBLE AND NON-OFFENSIVE NATURE FIT TO BE
USED IN DRAWING ROOMS," (being a communication from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Ferdinand Fredureau and Henri de Chavannes, Civil Engineers,
residing at 58, Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière, Paris, in the Empire of
France) to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of flames of various colours
and of great brilliancy without causing any explosion, nor emitting any
noxious smell or smoke in any way injurious to health, and therefore fit to
be used in any room or apartment. For this purpose the Inventors effect
an intimate mixture of resins or resinous gums, or of the two combined
together, or with sawdust, powdered charcoal, farina, dextrine, or lycopo-
dium powder with chlorates or nitrates; either separately or combined
together, to which can be added the substances usually employed in fire-
works, such as antimony, iron and magnesium filings, and other substances.
For instance, to obtain red flames the Inventors employ a mixture in the
following proportions, viz., of powdered gum lac or shellac, one part;
of dessicated nitrate of strontia, two parts; when it is required to give.a

page_text: greater activity to the flame chlorate of strontia is to be substituted instead
of the nitrate, or a small quantity of dessicated chlorate of potassa is to be
added to the former mixture. The various other colours are imparted to
the flames by means of the substances known to the firework makers.
Xyloidine and gun cotton, which fuse without producing any explosion,
can also be used in the manufacture of this new kind of fireworks, which
is to be called the "Indian fire," and which can be put under any shape
or form whatsoever. By placing a small cylinder of sulphocyanide of
mercury in the center of a small cartridge filled with this "Indian fire"
the voluminous and coiled appearance of the ashes as it issues from the
coloured flames will produce a very fantastic display.