IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR GRINDING PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR
GRINDING PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by the Genuine
Naxos-Emery Company, of the Naxos-Union Emery Mills, Frankfort on Main,
Germany (Julius Pfungst, President).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR GRINDING PURPOSES." [A communication from abroad by
the Genuine Naxos-Emery Company, of the Naxos-Union Emery Mills, Frankfort
on Main, Germany (Julius Pfungst, President).]
This Invention relates to the manufacture of artificial stone for grinding
purposes.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I proceed as follows, that is to say:—
I take corundum, naxos emery, ground flint, quartz sand, and other hard and sharp
particles, which are selected according to the different purposes for which the
grinding stone or implement to be made may be required, and these materials form
the body of the compound. In order to bind together these materials a mixture is
added which is prepared in the following manner, that is to say :-
Caoutchouc or india-rubber is melted in a vessel and kept in a heated state until
it appears as a viscous mass. To each hundred parts by weight of this mass are
added twenty parts of flowers of sulphur or sublimed sulphur roughly mixed
previously with 450 parts of corundum, emery, ground flint, or similar hard and
sharp materials. The whole is then kneaded by means of a kneading machine or
other suitable apparatus until it becomes a homogeneous paste or dough. If it
appears that the paste or dough after this operation is not stiff enough corundum

page_text: or the above mentioned substitutes therefor may be added, and the mass is
kneaded again until it becomes sufficiently stiff, but no more sulphur should be
added.
Experience has proved that in this manner up to 600 parts of corundum or its
substitutes may be afterwards incorporated in the paste or dough without danger of
reaching the limit at which the elasticity of the produced stone (in consequence of
want of binding material) would be impaired. Coarse corundum or similar ground
materials require a less quantity of the binding substance than finer powder, and
large and broad grinding-stones will require less than thin grinding discs. Within
the above named limits the proportions may be changed according to the purposes
for which the stones are required, the dimensions of the same, the size of the grains
of the powdered material, and whether they are to be used in a dry or wet state; the
proportions to suit particular cases will be readily found by any person having a
knowledge of the manufacture of emery wheels.
The mass obtained as above described is put into iron moulds, in which it is
exposed to a high pressure by hydraulic or other presses. The moulds are then
hermetically closed and submitted to a temperature of from 170° to 280° Celsius in a
chamber heated by steam or hot air. The articles or objects thus heated or baked
are, when ready, taken out of the mould and again heated or baked in the same
temperature, which finally is raised to 300° Celsius. The objects or articles thus
become finished.
Grinding stones thus made possess a very high degree of elasticity, sharpness, and
resistance. They are also waterproof, and afford a degree security not hitherto
obtained in the use of similar kinds of stones. These stones are also durable in
wear, and produce little dust; moreover the dust that is produced does not become
suspended in the air, but falls to the ground, and is not dangerous for the health of
the workmen. The stones can be used with water or in a dry state, and may be
rotated at an extraordinary speed. These grinding-stones also are superior to
natural grind-stones with respect to economy in wear and tear, whether used wet
or dry, for grinding all kinds of tools and metals; natural grind-stones may
advantageously be replaced by these artificial grind stones even in the largest
establishments.
By means of this Invention I produce grinding-stones, grinding wheels, files,
plates, rollers, and other grinding implements of exquisite hardness and resistance,
and possessing also a degree of elasticity superior to that of articles of this kind
hitherto made.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd April 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR GRINDING PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
the Genuine Naxos-Emery Company, of the Naxos-Union Emery Mills, Frankfort-
on-Main, Germany (Julius Pfungst, President).
This Invention relates to the manufacture of artificial stone for grinding
purposes.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I take corundum, naxos-emery,
ground flint, quartz, sand, or other hard and sharp particles (which are selected
according to the different purposes for which the grinding stone or implement to be
made may be required), and these materials form the body of the compound. In
order to bind these materials together a mixture is added which is prepared in the
following manner, that is to say:-Caoutchouc or india-rubber is melted in a
vessel and kept in a heated state until it appears as a viscous mass. To each
hundred parts by weight of this mass are added twenty parts of flour of sulphur or
sublimed sulphur previously roughly mixed with 450 parts of corundum, emery,
ground flint, or similar hard and sharp material. The whole mass is then kneaded
by means of a kneading machine or other suitable apparatus until it becomes a
homogeneous paste or dough. If it appears that this paste or dough after this
operation is not stiff enough corundum or the above mentioned substitutes therefor
may be added, and the mass is kneaded again until it becomes sufficiently stiff, but
no more sulphur should be added.
Experience has proved that in this manner up to 600 parts of corundum or its
substitutes may be afterwards incorporated with the paste or dough without danger
of reaching the limit beyond which the elasticity of the stone would be impaired in
consequence of a deficiency of binding material. Coarse corundum or similar
ground materials require a smaller quantity of the binding substance than finer
powder, and large and thick grinding stones will require less than thin grinding
discs. Within the above named limits the proportions may be changed according
to the purposes for which the stones are required, or according to the dimensions of
the same or the size of the grains of the powdered material, and whether the said
stones are to be used in a dry or wet condition; the proportions to suit particular
cases may be readily ascertained by any person having a knowledge of the
manufacture of emery wheels.
The mass obtained as above described is put into iron moulds, in which it is
subjected to a high pressure by hydraulic or other presses. The moulds are then
hermetically closed and submitted to a temperature of from 170° to 280° Celsius in
a chamber heated by steam or hot air. The articles or objects thus heated or baked
are, when ready, taken out of the moulds and again heated or baked in the same
temperature, which finally is raised to 300° Celsius, the objects or articles being thus
finished.
Grinding stones thus made possess a very high degree of elasticity, sharpness, and
resistance. They are also waterproof, and afford a degree of security not hitherto
obtained in the use of other kinds of stones. These stones are also durable in wear,
and produce little dust; moreover, the dust that is produced does not remain
suspended in the air, but falls to the ground, and is not dangerous to the health of
the workman. The said stones can be used with water or in a dry state, and may
be rotated at a very high speed. Moreover these grind-stones are superior to
natural grind-stones with respect to economy in wear, whether used wet or dry, for

page_text: grinding all kinds of tools and metals, and natural grind-stones may advantageously
be replaced by these artificial grind-stones even in the largest establishments.
By means of this Invention I produce grind-stones, grinding-wheels, files, plates,
rollers, and other grinding implements possessing hardness and resistance and also
a degree of elasticity superior to that of articles of this kind hitherto made.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,-
The process of manufacturing artificial stone for grinding purposes, substantially
as set forth, and consisting in binding or cementing together particles of corundum,
emery, flint, quartz, and the like by india-rubber, and then pressing and heating or
baking the mass so formed in hermetically closed iron moulds, and finally baking
the same after removal from the moulds, all substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.