IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING, REFRIGERATING, AND ICE MAKING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Siddeley, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Coppersmith, and Frederick Noel Mackay, of the
same Place, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COOLING, REFRIGERATING, AND ICE MAKING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Siddeley and
Frederick Noel Mackay at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th October 1874.
We, JOSHUA SIDDELEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Coppersmith, and FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of the same Place,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING, REFRIGERATING, AND ICE MAKING, AND IN APPA-
BATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates mainly to the economical production of ice,
principally although not exclusively by the well-known process of
evaporating volatile liquids in vacuo, and consists,-
First. As means for utilizing what may be called waste cold in the

page_text: ether process in the manufacture of ice. We place between the refrige-
rating vessel and the exhausting pump in the pipe or passage an
economizing supplementary refrigerating vessel through which the ether
vapour is made to pass on one side of tubes, leaves, or spaces in its
passage to the pump. The water to be afterwards frozen into ice is 5
made to pass on the other side of the said tubes, leaves, or spaces. The
cooling of the water by the method described involves the heating of the
ether vapour; such heating is of considerable advantage in respect of
the motive power and mechanism employed.
Second. As means for efficiently carrying the above first part of our 1
Invention into practice, we place over an ordinary refrigerator fitted
with horizontal, or nearly horizontal tubes or leaves, our said econo-
mizing supplementary refrigerating vessel, the latter having vertical, or
nearly vertical tubes or leaves through which the ether vapour is made
to pass. The water to be afterwards frozen is admitted to the vessel 1
at or near the top, and allowed to pass over the outside of the tubes or
leaves, and finally to escape at or near the bottom.
Third. As further means for efficiently carrying the above first part
of our Invention into practice when ice is to be made in large
quantities, and when two or more refrigerating vessels are used, we 2
connect the branch pipes from each refrigerating vessel to a main
pipe, and connect the said main pipe by one or more passages to the
economizing supplementary refrigerating vessel, the latter having hori-
zontal, or nearly horizontal tubes or leaves, the ether vapour being made
to pass through such supplementary refrigerating vessel on the outside 2
of the tubes or leaves on its way to the pump or pumps, and the water
to be afterwards frozen into ice to pass through the said tubes or leaves
either once or by preference back and forth until it is cooled down to
near the temperature of the ether vapour.
Fourth. As means for cooling the ether, which has been employed
for the purpose of cooling, refrigerating, or ice making, in its passage
from the condenser to the refrigerating vessel, we lead the pipe con-
taining the said ether through the pipe or passage, or a portion thereof
containing the ether vapour, or through the ether vapour or water in
the supplementary refrigerating vessel. By so doing the said ether is g
cooled down to about the temperature of the ether vapour before such
ether vapour reaches the pump.

page_text: Fifth. As means for removing from the ether in its passage from the
condenser to the refrigerating vessel or vessels when such ether has
been cooled by the method described under the above fourth head, any
oil which may be become mixed therewith. We place in or in connection
with the said pipe or passage one of the ether meters or regulators
described in the Specification of an Invention for which British Letters
Patent, No. 178, of the year 1869, were granted to John Siddeley and
Frederick Noel Mackay, aforesaid. When the said ether meter or regu-
lator is so arranged that the liquid level therein shall be maintained
at a line which will prevent the oil from passing therefrom to the
refrigerating vessel, equivalent mechanism to the said ether meter
or regulator may be used, the said oil would be withdrawn from
the ether meter or regulator or equivalent mechanism from time to
time. When mineral oils, which are heavier than the ether, are used
we so construct our ether meter or regulator or equivalent mechanism
with a space in the bottom to collect such licavy oil.
Sixth. As means for producing blocks of clear icc of considerable
thickness speedily and economically we proceed as follows:-We form
ice on the outer surfaces of cells in any ordinary or convenient way, or by
the apparatus hereafter described under the seventh head, and after a
thickness of ice, which can be produced economically, is formed on two
cell surfaces we bring two ice slabs close together, and by a refrigerating
current through one or both of the cells, or by other cooling means, we
cause the water between the two slabs of ice to be frozen, and thereby
produce blocks of the desired size.
Seventh. As means for carrying the above sixth head of our Invention
into practice we make the cells on the outer surfaces of which the ice is
formed, whether the liquid passing through the cells has been cooled
by the ether or other process, movable within their containing. tank,
or in the water contained in the tank. In practice we prefer to make
the cells movable on carriers, so that each one can be moved trans-
versely and brought into sufficient nearness. The connection to the cells
to bring the refrigerating liquid thereto is effected by india-rubber or
hinged vipes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick Noel Mackay in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Joshua
SIDDELEY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Coppersmith, and 5
FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of the same Place, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Hor
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and 1
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Joshua Siddeley and
Frederick Noel Mackay, Her special licence that we, the said Joshua
Siddeley and Frederick Noel Mackay, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick
Noel Mackay, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at 1
any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING, REFRIGERATING, AND ICE 2
MAKING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick
Noel Mackay, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, 2
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick Noel
Mackay, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates mainly to the economical production of ice

page_text: principally although not exclusively by the well-known process of
evaporating volatile liquids in vacuo, and consists,―
First. As means for utilizing what may be called waste cold in the
ether process in the manufacture of ice, we place between the refrige-
rating vessel and the exhausting pump in the pipe or passage an
economizing supplementary refrigerating vessel through which the ether
vapour is made to pass on one side of tubes, leaves, or spaces in its
passage to the pump. The water to be afterwards frozen into ice iş
made to pass on the other side of the said tubes, leaves, or spaces. The
cooling of the water by the method described involves the heating of the
ether vapour; such heating is of considerable advantage in respect of
the motive power and mechanism employed.
Second. As means for efficiently carrying the above first part of our
Invention into practice, we place over an ordinary refrigerator fitted
with horizontal or nearly horizontal tubes or leaves our said econo
mizing supplementary refrigerating vessel, the latter having vertical or
nearly vertical tubes or leaves through which the ether vapour is made
to pass. The water to be afterwards frozen is admitted to the vessel
at or near the top, and allowed to pass over the outside of the tubes or
leaves, and finally to escape at or near the bottom.
Third. As further means for efficiently carrying the above first part
of our Invention into practice when ice is to be made in large
quantities, and when two or more refrigerating vessels are used, we
connect the branch pipes from each refrigerating vessel to a main
pipe, and connect the said main pipe by one or more passages to the
economizing supplementary refrigerating vessel, the latter having hori-
zontal or nearly horizontal tubes or leaves, the ether vapour being made
to pass through such supplementary refrigerating vessel on the outside
of the tubes or leaves on its way to the pump or pumps, and the water
to be afterwards frozen into ice to pass through the said tubes or leaves
either once or by preference back and forth until it is cooled down to
near the temperature of the ether vapour.
Fourth. As means for cooling the ether which has been employed
for the purpose of cooling, refrigerating, or ice making, in its passage
from the condenser to the refrigerating vessel we lead the pipe con-
taining the said ether through the pipe or passage, or a portion thereof
containing the ether vapour, or through the ether vapour or water in

page_text: the supplementing refrigerator. By so doing the said other is cooled
down to about the temperature of the ether vapour before such other
reaches the refrigerating vessel.
Fifth. As means for removing from the ether in its passage from the
condenser to the refrigerating vessel or vessels when such ether has
been cooled by the method described under the above fourth head, any
oil which may become mixed therewith. We place in or in connection
with the said pipe or passage one of the ether meters or regulators
described in the Specification of an Invention for which British Letters
Patent, No. 178, of the year 1869, were granted to John Siddeley and
Frederick Noel Mackay, aforesaid. When the said other meter or regu-
lator is so arranged that the liquid level therein shall be maintained
at a line which will prevent the oil from passing therefrom to the
refrigerating vessel, equivalent mechanism to the said other moter
or regulator may be used, the said oil would be withdrawn from:
the ether meter or regulator or equivalent mechanism from time to
time. When mineral oils, which are heavier than the ether, are used
we so construct our ether meter or regulator or equivalent mechanism
with a space in the bottom to collect such heavy oil.
Sixth. As means for producing blocks of clear ice of considerable
thickness speedily and economically we proceed as follows:-We form
ice on the outer surfaces of cells in any ordinary or convenient way, or
by the apparatus hereafter described under the seventh head, and after
a thickness of ice which can be produced economically is formed on
two cell surfaces we bring two ice slabs close together, and by a
refrigerating current through one or both of the cells, or by other
cooling means, we cause the water between the two slabs of ice to be
frozen, and thereby produce blocks of the desired.size.
Seventh. As means for carrying the above sixth head of our Invention
into practice we make the cells on the outer surfaces of which the ice is
formed, whether the liquid passing through the cells has been cooled
by the ether or other process, movable within their containing tank,
or in the water contained in the tank. In practice we prefer to make
the cells movable on carriers, so that each one can be moved trans-
versely and brought into sufficient nearness. The connection to the cells
to bring the refrigerating liquid thereto is effected by india-rubber or
hinged pipes.

page_text: VE
Fig. 1 is a view partly in section and partly in elevation illustrative
of the second, fourth, and fifth heads of our Invention.
Under the second head, a is the economizing supplementary refrige-
rating vessel interposed between the exhausting pump and refrigerator.
The ether vapour passes from the refrigerator b, through the tubes c to
the pump. The water afterwards to be frozen is admitted to a through
the pipe d, and escapes at e, thus being cooled nearly to the freezing
point before passing to the tank containing the freezing cells.
Under the fourth head, f is a pipe through which ether passes on its
way from the condenser to the refrigerator, and thence to the pump. The
said pipe fis led through the economizer a. In some cases such pipe
may be led through the main ether pipe.
Under the fifth head, 9 shows an ether regulator provided with a
diaphragm h. The ether from the condenser enters at i, and any light
oil collects at j, such oil being prevented from passing to k by the
diaphragm h; l, tap for drawing off the oil. For the collection and
separation of heavy oils a diaphragm may rise from the bottom of the
regulator.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 3 a transverse section of
apparatus illustrative of the sixth and seventh heads of our Invention.
m, refrigerating cells on which the ice is formed; these cells are sup-
ported on rollers n by the cooling pipes o, p. The cold brine enters
the cells at o, and leaves them at p; q, r, flexible supply and exit
pipes. The position of the cells can be at any time moved or adjusted
by the novel arrangement of having all the connections above and out
of the water to be frozen.
Under the third head, several refrigerators, as b, Fig. 1, are connected
to one supplementary economizer, such as a, preferably constructed with
horizontal or nearly horizontal tubes or leaves, the ether passing on the
outside and the water on the inside of such tubes or leaves in the inverse
manner to that described under Fig. 1.
Having now described and particularized our said Invention in such
manner that others will be enabled to carry it into practice, we claim,―
Under the first head. Employing in combination with an ordinary
refrigerator a supplementary economizing refrigerator when water to

page_text: be afterwards frozen is caused to pass through and be cooled in such
economizer.
Under the second head. The arrangement and combination of a
refrigerator b and economizer a operating substantially in the manner
and for the purposes set forth:
"
Under the third head. Connecting two or more refrigerators with one
economizer, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Under the fourth head. The arrangement and combination of the
ether cooling pipe g with the economizer a or ether main pipe, substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
Under the fifth head. The construction, arrangement, and combination
of the regulator 9 with the economizer «, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Under the sixth and seventh heads. The movable cells m and con-
nections n, o, p, arranged substantially in the manner and for the 1
purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joshua Siddeley and Frederick
Noel Mackay, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Fifth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.
20
TANTTTT Å
J
In the presence of
JOHN LING,
Clerk to J. T. King,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
JOSHUA SIDDELEY. (L.S.)
FRED N. MAOKAY. (L.S.)