IMPROVEMENTS IN HOUSE SINKS AND IN THE APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR FLUSHING THE SAME, AND FOR TRAPPING AND VENTILATING THE WASTE PIPES THEREOF, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO THE TRAPPING AND VENTILATING OF HOUSE WASTE PIPES AND DRAINS GENERALLY
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Stovens Hellyer, of the Firm of Beard, Dent, and
Hellyer, Newcastle Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOUSE SINKS AND IN THE APPLIANCES
CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR FLUSHING THE SAME, AND FOR TRAPPING AND
VENTILATING THE WASTE PIPES THEREOF, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO THE
TRAPPING AND VENTILATING OF HOUSE WASTE PIPES AND DRAINS GENERALLY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Stevens Hellyer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1880.
SAMUEL STEVENS HELLYER, of the Firm of Beard, Dent, and Hellyer, Newcastle
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOUSE
SINKS AND IN THE APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITII FOR FLUSHING THE SAME,
AND FOR TRAPPING AND VENTILATING THE WASTE PIPES THEREOF, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO THE TRAPPING AND VENTILATING OF HOUSE WASTE PIPES AND
DRAINS GENERALLY."
This Invention relates chiefly to an improved angle sink for house use, with
which are combined cocks for drawing off hot or cold water, or both; also a
separate flushing cock (when the water is laid on direct) in connection with a
perforated flushing pipe passing down the edges of the raised sides and along the
front edge of the sink, such edges being specially formed or bent inwards to enclose
and more or less conceal the said flushing pipe; or the said flushing pipe may be
supplied by a ball valve and "pull" in connection with any convenient water
waste preventor, by preference using an angle cistern fitting the same angle as the
sink for greater compactness. The improved sink is composed, by preference, of cast
iron having its interior and raised sides enamelled in white ware, or, if desired, it may
be protected from corosion inside and out by what is known as Barff's "Rustless
process." A waste outlet guarded or grated over to arrest flannels and such like
articles is provided as well as a hinged grating for standing pails upon, capable of
being turned up out of the way against a suitable stop when not in actual use. The
sides are carried up to a considerable height to avoid splashing, and the entire sink and
sides are capable of being thoroughly flushed and cleaned throughout the wholo, con-
stituting a compact, easily fitted, and cleanly draw off and stop sink. In order to trap
"

page_text: the waste pipe of the said sink I combine therewith an improved cast lead syphon
trap, which I prefer to produce by casting on jointed cores. This trap is inade
round on the inlet side merging into a square pipe with rounded angles on the
outlet side, and has a V dip of one inch and three quarters or thereabouts; it is
much cheaper than the hand made traps of a similar character hitherto proposed,
is more durable, less liable to syphon out than round pipe traps by reason of
the air space produced on the outlet side by its peculiar conformation, is more
thoroughly self cleansing and more readily flushed than ordinary traps. The said
improved trap may obviously be applied to water closet and other drain and waste
pipes. I further employ in connection with my improved or other house sinks an
improved construction of grease trap or grease intercepting tank capable of
containing sufficient cold water to allow any grease or fat therein to be congealed
on the surface of the water and arrested in its transit to the water sealed outlet of
the tank which dips some inches below the surface, so that the head of the water
or pieces of congealed grease floating on the standing water shall be prevented
from floating or passing out into the drain. The inlet pipe at the opposite end of
the tank is also well water scaled or caused to dip some inches below the surface,
thereby preventing the influx of the discharges from disturbing the grease floating
on the surface by keeping such influx well beneath the surface of the standing
water. Ample space is provided in the height of the tank to allow the accumulating
grease to rise up and collect therein to be removed at intervals from the top of the
tank, which is provided for that purpose with a removeable lid resting upon a
rubber packing contained in a groove or channel formed round the sides of the
tank. Access apertures with separate removeable covers are provided on the upper
ends of the inlet and outlet pipes for clearing the waste pipe or drain when
necessary. A vent pipe communicates with the discharge end of the waste pipe to
dilute any foul air that may form or collect therein, and a ventilating aperture is
made in the outgo of the trap for ventilating the drain, which aperture can be
readily closed and scaled by a separate lid or cover supplied with the trap to bo
used or not as required. The bottom of the intercepting tank or trap is provided
with a plug for emptying the same and for flushing out purposes. To ensure a
better ventilation of the waste pipes and drains I employ an improved double or
triple-cap ventilator consisting of a combination of one, two, or more truncated
cones of graduated sizes with a summit or top cone, a free space for cross currents
being left between the top of the ventilating pipe and the flat or solid base of the
lowest cone; also between the upper edges of the upper cone or cones and the flat
base of the cone above, and so on throughout the series; a central vertical passage
is provided in each of the truncated cones for the up-draught, such passage being,
by preference, of smaller diameter in each cone above than in the one next below.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuanco of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Stevens Hellyer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
September 1880.
SAMUEL STEVENS HELLYER, of the Firm of Beard, Dent, and Hellyer, Newcastle
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOUSE
SINKS AND IN THE APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR FLUSHING THE SAME,
AND FOR TRAPPING AND VENTILATING THE WASTE PIPES THEREOF, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO THE TRAPPING AND VENTILATING OF HOUSE WASTE PIPES AND
DRAINS GENERALLY."
My said Invention relates, first, to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
angle sink for house use, with sides raised above the draw off cocks, and with
which are combined suitable appliances for flushing the raised sides and the
front of the sink by a fixed or removeable and protected perforated flushing pipe.
Secondly. To a peculiar flushing cistern for flushing the said sink or for other
flushing purposes.
Thirdly. To a peculiar cast lead syphon trap to be used in connection with the
waste pipe of the before mentioned sink, or with other house wasto pipes and drains
generally.
Fourthly. To a peculiar intermediate ventilating and access chamber for the
better ventilation of the waste pipe of the said sink and other house waste pipes
and drains, whilst at the same time affording a more ready access thereto for
cleaning.
Fifthly. To a peculiar grease trap to be employed in connection with the waste
pipe of the said sink, or with other house waste pipes generally. And, lastly, to
a peculiar construction of double or triple-cap ventilator or cowl for ventilating
waste pipes and drains.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer
to the several Figures on the explanatory Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the saine letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents in vertical section (taken along the line 1-2,
in Figure 2) my improved angle sink for home use with the hot and cold water
cocks, and flushing and other appliances connected therewith; Figure 2 is a
corresponding plan of the same.
A is the angle sink; B and C are cocks for drawing off hot or cold water or
both; D is a separate flushing cock to be employed when the water is laid on
direct in connection with the flushing and cold water supply pipe D', and with
the removeable perforated flushing pipe E passing down the edges of the two
raised sides A', A¹, and along the front edge A" of the sink, such edges being
specially formed or turned inwards, as shown. so as to enclose and more or less
conceal and protect the perforated flushing pipe. This pipe is connected by a
union at F with the flushing supply pipe D', so as to be capable of ready removal
for cleaning or otherwise. If desired the said flushing pipe E may be supplied
from a flushing cistern in connection with any convenient arrangement of water
waste preventer, by preference using the arrangement shown in sectional elevation
and plan at Figures 3 and 4, and liereinafter described, having an angle cistern
fitting the same angle as the sink for the sake of greater compactness. My improved
angle sink is composed by preference of cast iron, having its interior and sides
enamelled, or if desired it may be protected from corrosion inside and out by what
is known as "Barff's rustless process." A wasto outlet G guarded or grated over
to arrest flannels and such like articles is provided, as well as a hinged grating H

page_text: supported on rubber or other rests for standing pails upon, and capable of being
turned up out of the way against a rubber or other stop or buffer I in one of the
raised sides of the sink when not in actual use. The sides A are carried up to
a height above the draw off cocks, in order to avoid splashing, and the entire
sink and sides are capable of being thoroughly flushed and cleaned throughout,
the whole constituting a complete easily fitted and cleanly draw off and slop sink.
The peculiar feature of the water waste preventing Blushing cistern which I
prefer to employ, and which is shown at Figures 3 and 4, is the use of the separate
small water tank K formed in the main cistern L for the reception of the float M
of the ball cock N. This tank K communicates by a small aperture O with the
main body of the cistern, and is consequently filled at the same time from the ball
cock, but when the water is discharged from the main cistern for the purpose of
supplying the measured quantity for flushing by opening the usual water waste
valve P, and bringing the syphon Q into action, as is well understood, then the
float will be retarded in its descent until the water in the separate small tank has
had timo to flow out through the small aperture therein. By thus checking
the too sudden descent of the float, the supply into the main cistern will be
correspondingly checked, and the syphon will be prevented from acting after
the measured quantity of water has been discharged, otherwise the supply and
discharge would be liable to take place together, the result being a considerable
waste of water.
I prefer to cast the syphon Q in the angle of the cistern and in one pieco
therewith, as shown, such syphon consisting of two passages separated by a partition
extending to the height of the top of the cistern, one of such passages communicating
at its lower end by a lateral aperture R with the bottom of the cistern, and tho
other or longer limb communicating direct with the flushing pipe D'. By making
a lateral opening at any desired height on the short limb of the syphon, it is
obvious that any given quantity of water can be run out according to the height
at which this aperture is made.
In order to trap the waste pipe G of the said sink, I combine therewith an
improved cast lead syphon trap S (shown in section and plan at Figures 5 and 6),
which I prefer to produce by casting on jointed cores, as is well understood. This
trap is made round on the inlet side a, merging into a square pipe with rounded
angles on the outlet side b, and has a V dip of one inch and three quarters or
thereabouts, and as the distance between the bottom of the V dip and the bottom
of the trap is contracted or somewhat less than the diameter of the inlet side, it
follows that the flush of water passing through such a trap will have a moro
efficient cleansing action upon the lower part of the trap than in ordinary traps.
Tho improved trap is much cheaper than the hand made traps of similar character
hitherto proposed, is more durable, and is less liable to syphon out than round
pipe traps by reason of the air space produced on the outlet side at the angle c
by the peculiar conformation of the trap, as shown in the Drawings; the said
improved trap may obviously be applied to water closet and other drain and waste
pipes generally.
When such waste pipes extend to any considerable distance I introduce at any
convenient place outside the house an intermediate ventilating and access chamber T
shown in vertical section at Figure 7. This chamber is provided with a ventilating
grating d on the top, and the waste pipes enter therein either from the sides at c,
from the top at f, or from the end at y (as shown by dotted lines), the outlet at h
leading to the grease trap hereinafter described, or to any other intercepting trap.
My improved grease trap or grease intercepting tank which I employ in
connection with house waste pipes generally is shown in longitudinal vertical
section at Figure 8. It consists of a tank U capable of containing sufficient cold
water to allow any grease or fat therein to be congealed on the surface of the
water and arrested in its transit to the water scaled outlet i of the tank, which
dips some inches below the surface, so that any pieces of congealed grease and fat

page_text: floating on the standing water shall be prevented from passing out into the drain.
The inlet pipe at the opposite end of the tank is also well water scaled or caused
to dip some inches below the surface, thereby preventing the influx of the discharges
from disturbing the grease floating on the surface by keeping such influx well
beneath the surface of the standing water. Ample space is provided in the height
of the tank to allow the accumulating grease to rise up and collect therein in order
to be removed at intervals from the top of the tank, which is provided for that
purpose with a removeable metal lid k resting upon a rubber packing contained
in a groove or channel formed round the top edges of the sides of the tank. Access
apertures with separate removeable covers m and n are provided on the upper ends
of the inlet and outlet pipes for clearing the waste pipe or drain when necessary. A
vent pipe o communicates with the discharge end of the waste pipe lending into
the said tank in order to dilute any foul air that might form or collect therein, and
a ventilating aperture is inade in the outgo of the trap for ventilating the drain,
which aperture can be readily closed and sealed by a separate lid or cover p, as
shown in Figure 8, supplied with the trap, to be used or not as required. q and
are apertures for ventilating the tank itself. The bottom of the intercepting tank
or trap is provided with a plug s for emptying the same through the pipe t, and for
flushing out purposes, and for affording facility for changing the whole of the water
in the tank and flushing out the drain.
To ensure a better ventilation of waste pipes and drains I employ an improved
double or triple-cap ventilator or cowl, shown in section at Figures 9 and 10,
consisting of a combination of one, two, or more truncated cones u of graduated
sizes with a suminit or top conc v, a free space w for cross currents of air being left
between the top of the ventilating shaft and the flat or solid base y of the lowest
truncated cone, a similar space w being also left between the two truncated cones
(Figure 10), and a like space ze between the upper truncated cone and the flat
bose of the top cone vabove, and so on throughout any number of truncated
cones. A central vertical passage is provided in each of the truncated cones for
the updraught, such passage being by preference of smaller diameter in each
truncated cone above than in the one next below, as shown in my Drawings, to
prevent downdraught into the ventilating shaft x.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,
First. The peculiar construction, arrangeinent, and combination of house sinks
and appliances for flushing the same, and for trapping and ventilating the waste
pipes thereof and other waste pipes and drains, as herein before described.
Secondly. The peculiar angle sink for house use in combination with the fixed or
removeable and protected perforated flushing pipe, arranged substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described, and illustrated by Figures 1 and 2 of my
Drawings.
Thirdly. The peculiar arrangement of water waste flushing apparatus, substantially
as hereinbefore described, and illustrated by Figures 3 and 4 of my Drawings.
Fourthly, The peculiar construction of lead trap, substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described, and illustrated by Figures 5 and 6 of my
Drawings.
Fifthly. The intermediate ventilating and access chamber, substantially as and
for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by Figure 7 of my
Drawings.
Sixthly. The construction and arrangement of grease trap, substantially as and
for the purpose herein before described, and illustrated by Figure 8 of my
Drawings.

page_text: Seventhly. The peculiar constructions of ventilating cowls, as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described, and illustrated by Figures 9 and 10 of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Stevens Hellyer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord One 5
thousand eight hundred and eighty.