IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HOSE PIPE
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING HOSE PIPE."-A communication from abroad by John
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th August 1860.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING HOSE PIPE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relatestocertainimprovements in the manufactureofhosepipe,
the object being to expedite the operation and improve the quality of the manu-
facture. To this end the following arrangement of mechanism is employed. A
horizontal mandril(the outer diameterof which corresponds to theinnerdiameter
of the hose to be made) is provided to receive strips of vulcanizable rubber cloth,
which are to be laid helically thereon. These strips are wound upon spools,
which are mounted in a rotating traversing frame surrounding the mandril.
A traverse motion is given to the frame by means of a carriage which supports
Price 8d.1

page_text: it, and the spools will thus be caused to lay the strips helically around the
mandril with the edges of the adjacent coils of the same strip abutting.
When the mandril has received the required number of layers, it is to be
removed from the machine and carried to the curing chamber, the heat
of which will by melting the rubber ensure the proper cementation of the
joints.
Another mode of attaining the object of this Invention-is, to draw over a
mandril a woven tube, and by means of a series of adjustable pressing rolls set
radially around the mandril to press india-rubber vulcanizable compound
thereon, the rubber being fed by hand on to the woven tube in front of the
rollers as the mandrilis drawn between them. This machine may also be used
to give solidity to india-rubber cloth hose made in any way.
The Invention relates also to the manufacture of hose pipe, which will admit
of being rolled up flat on a barrel for easy transport, and will combine great
strength with lightness. The hose pipe is made of two strips of strong woven
cloth coated on the inside only with rubber, which strips are secured together
at the edges by rivets or sewing. To increase the strength of the hose pipe
without adding materially to its weight, woven tubes may be drawn over it,
thus forming double hose, the lengths of which are united at the ordinary
metal coupling joints, or a spun cord may be wound helically round the pipe
before the curing process is effected. When there is no outside coating of
rubber to ensure the adhesion of the cord, a covering of rubber is laid over
the cord. The curing is then to be effected in any approved manner. To line
a woven tube with rubber (when such tube cannot be turned by reason of its
thickness) a mandril is to be covered with the plastic rubber, and this coating
being dusted over with burnt flour or other dust, which willamalgamate in the
curing process or moistened with a thin rubber cement, the woven tube is
drawn over the rubber coating. After the curing, the mandril is drawn out
from the hose and a lining of the rubber is thus obtained in the thick woven
tube. For hose to be laid under ground or used..where little flexibility is
desired the woven fabric is omitted (because of its tendency to rot) and the
hose is made entirely of rubber composition containing an extra amount of
sulphur. The curing is effected at a higher heat than usual, in order to render
it semi-hard, that is, that it shall lose its flexibility, and yet not gain the rigidity
of hard rubber. To prevent the rotting of the cloth when used in the manu-
facture of hose, it is to be treated with akyanizing or other well known process
for preserving vegetable fibres preparatory to being coated with compound
rubber.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th February 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said Alfred
Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others,
as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the terin therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
HOSE PIPE,"being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention, as communicated to me from abroad, relates to certain
improvements in the manufacture of hose pipe, the object being to expedite
and improve the quality of the manufacture.
The first improvement, which I will describe consists in the following
arrangement of mechanism. A horizontal mandril, (the outer diameter of
which corresponds to the inner diameter of the hose to be made) is provided
to receive strips of vulcanizable rubber cloth, which are to be laid helically
thereon. These strips are wound upon spools, which are mounted in a

page_text: rotating traversing frame surrounding the mandril.
A traverse motion is
given to the frame by means of a carriage which supports it, and the spools
will thus be caused to lay the strips helically around the mandril with the
edges of the adjacent coils of the same strip abutting. When the mandril
has received the required number of layers, it is to be removed from the
machine and carried to the curing chamber, the heat of which will by melting
the rubber ensure the proper cementation of the joints.
In Sheet I of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan or top view of
the improved machine; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section taken in the
line A, B, of Fig. 1; Figures 3, 4, and 5, are detailed views of different parts
of the machine. The ordinary straight-seamed gutta percha or india-rubber
hose or tubing consists simply of cloth covered with coatings of vulcanized
india-rubber or gutta percha wound upon a mandril, and then cured in ovens
or heaters. But by this mode of forming the hose, a straight seam is left,
which is ruptured when-it-is, subjected to great strain. For this reason,
"spiral" hos or tubing which consists of cotton, cloth, or other fabric, covered
with a coating of rubber or gutta percha wound helically upon a mandril in
overlapping layers running in opposite directions and afterwards vulcanized,
has been preferred, as no seam occurs in it, and the hose or tubing is much
stronger in consequence of the fibres of the fabricused crossing and overlapping
each other, whereby the strain or pressure upon the hose or tubing is received
and borne equally throughout its entire circumference. The objection to the
use of this hose or tubing has been the great cost and tediousness of its
manufacture, as it has hitherto been made entirely by hand, and consequently.
could be produced only slowly and in a very imperfect manner, Now this
Invention has for its first object the making of spiral rubber or gutta percha
hose or tubing by machinery, whereby it can be much more rapidly and
accurately formed than by hand.
The most essential feature of the new machine consists in giving such an
automatic motion to a carriage containing a spool or roll, upon which is wound
the strip of fabric coated with india-rubber or gutta percha compound as to
wind accurately and rapidly the said fabric in overlapping helical layers, or iu
contiguous helical layers, or in layers running in opposite directions upon a
suitable mandril, upon which mandril when a sufficient number of layers has
been applied, the hose or tubing is vulcanized in an oven or heater.
a, a, a, a, in the Drawings represent the supporting framework of the
machine; b,b,is the driving wheel fixed to the long main shaft c, c, upon which
is cut a double endless screw consisting of two helical grooves d and e, running
in opposite directions to cach other; f, f, is a mandril made to revolve by

page_text: means of two gears and 7, and secured at one end by means of a dog i
to a short shaft, the other end of the mandril turning upon a fixed conical
shaped centre, so that the mandril can be removed by slipping off the
dog i; m, m, is a carriage carrying a spool or reel n, upon which is wound
the cotton or other fabric o, o, coated with rubber or gutta percha, of which
the hose or tubing is to be made. Any desired amount of tension is put upon
the fabric by means of friction brought to bear in any proper manner upon the
shaft of the reel. Through the lower portions p of the carriage m, m, which
runs upon and is supported by the rails or ways 9, 2, extends a short shaft r,
attached to which is a pinion sand a spurt, which fits into the grooves d
aud eof the endless screwshaft. This shaft by its revolution operates upon the
spurt, and thereby causes the carriage.m, m, to travel back and forth across
the machine, the carriage receiving a reciprocating rectilinear motion. It will
be seen that the two helical grooves and e, merge into one another at the
ends of the screw shaft so as to form one continuous groove at those points,
and as the spur shaft is free to turn, the spur ton arriving at one end of the
grooved will then travel into the groove e running in the opposite direction,
and thus the carriage m, m, carrying of course the reel n and the fabric o, o,
will receive the required motions. The fabric o, o, of which the hose or tubing
is to be composed is passed from the reel n to the mandrilf,, upon which
it is to be helically wound through a guide u, which is inclined at the proper
angle to give the desired direction to the fabric. By means of a pinion v,
which engages with the pinion s before referred to, the guide u which is
attached to the long shaft w extending through the pinion v, after it has
guided the fabric in one direction across the mandril, will be turned in an
opposite direction as shewn in the Drawings, so as to guide the fabric in the
reverse direction when the carriage travels back; the turning of the spur
shaft caused by the spur t, on its arrival at either end of the endless screw
giving a partial revolution to the pinions sand, and thereby setting the
guide u at an opposite angle from that which it previously occupied.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that the respective move-
ments and operations of the travelling carriagem, the guide u, and the man-
dril f, will effectually accomplish the desired result, viz., the rapid and accurate
formation upon a mandril of a helically laid hose. In place of the single reel
carrying the fabric, two or more reels can be placed upon the same carriage, :
in which case in some kinds of hose, it is unnecessary to return the carriage..
to cross the layers. And it is obvious that in place of the screw upon which
the carriage is made to travel, other mechanical devices may be used for

page_text: imparting the desired motions to the carriage, such as rack and other
and endless chain, &c.
gear,
The second improvement in the manufacture ofhose pipe consists in drawing
over a mandril a woven tube, and then by means of a series of adjustable
pressing rolls set radially around the mandril, pressing india-rubber vulcani-
zable compound thereon, the rubber being fed by hand on to the woven tube
in front of the rollers as the mandril is drawn between them. This machine
may also be used to give solidity to india-rubber cloth hose made in any way.
In Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan or top view of
the machine employed for pressing the compound into the tubular fabric;
Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal vertical section of the same; and Fig. 3 is a
transverse vertical section taken in the line A, B. of Fig. 1. a, a, a, represent
the supporting framework of the machine; b,b,is a long hollow mandril upon
which is placed a tube c, c, woven of cotton, flax, or other fibrous material.
This tube is fed between-the-first-set-of-grooved-rollers d, d, with a sheet
of rubber or gutta percha e, e, placed underneath the tube c, c, and in
immediate contact with the rollers d, d, the sheet of rubber or gutta
percha being either coated with rubber cement or left in a sticky or tacky
condition. The grooves of the rollers c, d, are of a semicircular or other
curved form, so as to be nearly adapted to the circular shape of the
hose, and capable of partially embracing the same. The rollers d, d, are
placed horizontally across the machine, and being revolved, act as guides to
feed the coated mandril along, and also to bend up the india-rubber or gutta
percha covering in a gutter form about the woven tube c, c. A third set of
grooved rollers g, g, similar to the rollers d, d, but placed vertically and adjust-
able, so as to be adapted to hose of different diameters (being for that purpose
set in sliding bearings h,h,) serve still further to lap and press the covering e, e,
upon the tube c, c. The whole is then fed along to a series of six rollers of
similar shape to those before described, four of these rollers i, i, i, i, being
placed horizontally, and two, h, k, vertically, so that the rubber or gutta percha
covering shall be made entirely to encircle the woven tube. This series of
rollers by which the covering is worked into the woven tube c, c, is provided
with adjustable bearings, as shewn in the Drawings. The fibrous tube with
its covering is then passed between a last set of rollers l, l, l, which are
mounted in a frame m, m, so as to iucline to the line of the mandril at about
an angle of forty-five degrees, to which rollers pressure is applied, so that they
shall act upon every portion of the covering, and firmly and smoothly unite it
to the woven tube. The mandril with the hose thus formed upon it is then
taken out, and the hose (with its covering vulcanized or not, as may be desi-

page_text: rable) is then turned inside out, an operation which may be performed by
drawing it from the outside of a hollow tube into and through the inside of the
same, or in a variety of other modes, thereby forming a strong, light, and
flexible hose, the outside of which consists of a fibrous tube, and the inside of
a lining of rubber or gutta percha.
In the various kinds of india-rubber or gutta percha hose now in use, suffi-
cient strength to resist great pressures can only be obtained by making the
hose of a great number of layers or of very thick woven fabrics, in consequence
of which it becomes so stiff and inflexible that it retains its circular form, and,
therefore, cannot readily be wound compactly upon a reel or roller ready for
use, the great bulk of very strong hose rendering it nearly impossible to reel
it. In these kinds of hose also, when subjected to great pressure, the filling of
the cloth composing the outer layers of the hose being on a larger circle,
stretches and pulls apart much more than the inner and smaller circles, and
therefore the hose soon becomes weak in the locality where the most strength
is required, viz., on its outer circumference.
To obviate these inconveniences is the object of the third part of this Inven-
tion, which consists in forming a hose of two flat pieces or sides of cloth
(covered with india-rubber or gutta percha) in one or more layers, the flat
pieces or sides being united at their edges by sewing, rivetting, or in any other
proper manner. By this mode of manufacturing the hose, great strength can
be imparted to it, while its form, except when distended by internal pressure,
will always be flat, the two sides lying compactly together, the convenience of
which for reeling or transportation will be manifest.
A convenient form of the improved hose is represented in Sheet III., of
which Fig. 1 is a perspective view, representing the hose as distended, and
Fig. 2, a cross section of the same, when not exposed to internal pressure.
One mode of manufacturing this improved hose, I will now proceed to
describe in detail. A narrow sheet or strip a, a, of rubber or gutta percha of
any desired thickness, either in a sticky condition on one surface or coated
with a suitable cement, is passed between rollers in company with a strip of
thick woven fabric or duck b, b, so as to unite the two by pressure. Two of
the pieces thus prepared are then united by stitching, as shown at c (Fig. 1),
or by rivetting, or otherwise, with the rubber or gutta percha coating inside.
The inner woven fabric, instead of being lined with a sheet of rubber or gutta
percha, may be sufficiently coated with a cement of rubber or gutta percha to
form a waterproof lining.
Another simple mode of producing the new hose is to take narrow sheets or
strips of cloth, coat them on one or both sides with india-rubber or gutta

page_text: percha, and then unite them, as before explained, not around a mandril, but
by sewing or rivetting; any desired numbers of layers being used to constitute
the sides of the hose.
In both the above-described modes of operation the hose can be vulcanized
or not, as may be desired.
The fourth improvement relates to the manufacture of strong hose without
seams. The mode hitherto pursued in making this character of tubing or hose
is, first to cover by suitable means the woven tube with a coating or encircling
.sheet of india-rubber or gutta percha, and then turn the hose thus formed
inside out. This method answers very well for extremely light and thin hose,
but in making heavy and thick hose, where the woven tube is of the necessary
thickness, the hose is difficult to turn inside out without injuring it. To avoid
this difficulty, it is now proposed, first to cover a tolerably thin woven tube
with a sheet of india-rubber or gutta percha, and then to turn it inside out, as
before explained. Over this woven tube is then drawn another one of little
larger diameter than the first, and so as to fit tightly upon it, and woven
thicker, if desired. In the same way, any number of woven tubes of increased
diameter inay be added, the result being a remarkably strong hose made with-
out difficulty, and possessing a smooth waterproof bore or liningofindia-rubber
or gutta percha. This method also admits of a much thicker hose of this kind
being made than would otherwise be possible, the advantages of which will be
manifest. The concentric woven tubes may, if desired, have a coating of
india-rubber or gutta percha, or of any suitable adhesive material or cement
between them, but they are intended to be of such diameters respectively as to
fit one over the other with sufficient closeness to bind and hold the whole firmly
together.
In Sheet III., Fig. 3, is a plan or top view of the improved hose; Fig. 4
is a cross section of the same; and Fig. 5 is a similar section, shewing a
thicker hose. In these Figures a, a, represent the inner woven tube lined
with a coating of india-rubber or gutta percha b, b. This coating is applied
and secured to the outside of the tube by any suitable means, and the coated
tube is then turned inside out. Over this tube so prepared are drawn by
means of any suitable device, one or more concentric tubes c, d, e, as shown in
Figures 2 and 3. In this manner a hose of any desired thickness may be
formed readily, and in which the woven tubes cannot be injured or strained by
turning them inside out..
When several lengths of this pipe are used they can be united by the
ordinary metal couplings.
Another mode of increasing the strength of hose pipes consists in winding.a

page_text: tube of rubber or gutta percha, or a tube composed of fibrous materials and
coated with an india-rubber or gutta perchacement, or other water-proof lining
with twine, cord, or other suitable thread of sufficient fineness closely around
the periphery of the same. The outer surface thus formed of twine or thread
or cord, tightly binds and holds the tube which it encloses, and thereby gives
the tube great strength where it is most needed to resist the pressure of fluids,
viz., in a transverse direction. The great strength thus imparted to the hose
will be manifest from the fact that the threads or strands will receive all
strains and pressures in the direction of the length of their fibres, in which
direction they can sustain the greatest strain.
One form of the improved hose is represented in Sheet III., where Fig. 6 is
a perspective view of the hose; Fig. 7, a longitudinal section; and Fig. 8, is
a transverse section of the same.
One convenient mode of preparing the improved hose is to take a mandril
of suitable size for the required bore of the hose, slip over the same a tube or
lining of india-rubber or gutta percha a, a, formed in any proper manner.
Over this is then to be drawn a woven tube b, b, of fibrous materials, which is
then coated with any suitable rubber or other cement. The whole is then
wound by hand or machinery, with strands of thread, twine, or cord c, c,
closely and tightly around the same, so as to form a close and firm surface of
the said strands thereon. If desired, this surface may be covered with a
coating of a suitable cement, or with an outer tube d, d, of india-rubber or
gutta percha. In lieu of the woven tube b, b, and the lining a, a, sheets of
cotton or other material coated with rubber or gutta percha may be wrapped
either in a straight or a helical direction around the mandril, and then wound
with the strands as before explained. The whole may then be vulcanized
while upon the mandril in any of the various well-known modes or not, as may
be desired.
Another and simpler mode is to place a tube of rubber or gutta percha
upon a mandril, and then wind the strands upon the periphery of the same.
The whole can then be covered, if desired, with a coating of cement, or with
an outer tube of india-rubber or gutta percha as before.
A further improvement in manufacturing hose or tubing from seamless
tubes consists in a new mode of forming a lining of india-rubber or gutta
percha on the inside of a woven tube, so as to obviate the necessity of turning
it inside out, however thick or heavy it may be. This is effected by first filling
or partially filling the woven tube with any suitable rubber cement, and
then forcing the same into the inner surface of the tube by means of rolls or

page_text: other suitable machinery applied to the outside of the woven tube while the
said cement is within the same, the result thus produced being the formation
of an adhesive coating or lining upon the inner surface of the woven tube
which is then drawn over a mandril, upon which is previously placed a thin
tube of india-rubber or gutta percha that is to form the inside lining of the
hose. In order to allow the woven tube with its sticky interior surface to be
drawn over the thin tube or lining without obstruction, it will be evident that
it must be dusted with some non-adhesive substance. But as it is preferred
that the hose when drawn over the inner tube or lining should be subjected to
a vulcanizing heat, in order to firmly unite the inner lining or tube with the
woven tube, by curing the cement between them, the coating or dust applied
to the outside of the rubber tube or lining whilst on its mandril must not only
be non-adhesive, but of such a nature as to incorporate with or become a part
of the rubber cement when vulcanized. To this end it is now proposed to use
flour, either burnt or otherwise, fine bolted meal, or other similar substances;
these pulverised substances being sufficiently non-adhesive to permit the woven
tube with its sticky interior to pass readily over the rubber lining, and yet
when exposed to heat capable of fusing with and becoming a part of the
cement.
In Sheet III., at Fig. 9, an arrangement of devices is shewn by which
the purposes of this part of the Invention may be practically carried out.
a, a, b, b, are four rolls between which the woven tube partially filled with
rubber cement is fed, as shewn. The rolls a, a, act upon the outer surface
of the woven tube so as to drive the rubber cement into the interior surface
of the same, and the rolls b, b, merely nip it together to hold the liquid
cement in place. After the woven tube is thus coated on its inside it is drawn
over a mandril c, c, there having been previously placed in it a thin tube
of rubber or gutta-percha dusted with flour, either burnt or otherwise, fine
bolted meal or other similar substance possessing the peculiarities herein-
before stated. The woven tube thus lined may then be tightly bound round
with cords or cloths upon the mandril, as before explained, and vulcanized,
the result being that by means of the cement the inner lining or tube of
iudia-rubber or gutta perchia becomes firmly united to the woven tube, thus
accomplishing the desired object, viz., the lining of a seamless woven tube
however thick it may be, with a smooth coating or inner tube of india-rubber
or gutta percha. It will be obvious that by the means above described, or
by repeating the operation of driving the rubber cement into the interior
surface of the woven tube and then curing the said cement, that a sufficient

page_text: coating may be formed thereon to render any further lining unnecessary, but
the inner tube or sheet of rubber or gutta percha it is preferred to insert, as
it produces a smoother bore than would otherwise be possible.
Another manner of lining a woven tube with india-rubber is to cover a
hollow iron tube or mandril such as is ordinarily used in making hose with
a thin sheet of vulcanisable rubber or gutta percha. This is to be the inner
lining of the tube and is vulcanised or not as may be preferred at the time,
it being better to vulcanize it. The woven tube which is to form the outside
of the tube is then lined or coated on the inside with cement in the manner
described above, or any other manner, and the mandril covered with its rubber
sheet is inserted in the woven tube. But in order to do this most conveniently
the tube on the mandril is first lubricated with thin india-rubber cement.
This allows the outside tube or cover to be slipped on. To facilitate this-
operation a mandril or tube, somewhat smaller than the bore of the hose is
finally intended to be made, is sometimes first used, and, after the woven coveris
placed upon it as described, the first mandril is withdrawn and replaced by
another somewhat larger, which expands the inside tube and assists its adhesion
to the cover.
manner.
The hose when completed is vulcanized in any ordinary
In manufacturing hose or tubes as a substitute for lead pipes to be laid under-
ground, or used where little flexibility is required, the woven tube is omitted,
anda compound employed prepared after the manner following:-The material
of which the tubing is made is compounded as follows.-Twelve pounds of
rags, cuttings or trimmings of cloth that have been coated with unvulcanized.
india-rubber, twelve pounds rubber, twenty-five pounds flowers of sulphur,
six pounds dry oxide of zinc or other metallic oxide used in the manufacture
of india-rubber. These materials are to be ground or mixed together into
one mass, by any of the usual methods of treating gum, and the compound
is rolled into sheets, which are then cut into strips and formed into a tube
upon a suitable mandril, any required number of plys or thicknesses being
used to give the tube the requisite rigidity and strength. The pipe is then
passed upon an iron mandril and is submitted to the vulcanizing or curing
process at a temperature of two hundred and seventy degrees Fahrenheit, for
four and a half hours.
The metallic oxide is employed to give to the pipe the requisite strength
after it is vulcanized. The rags or clippings are employed for the purpose of
giving tenacity to the material whilst it is being worked and before it is vul-
canized, and their use greatly facilitates the operation of forming the material
into sheets and renders it unnecessary to employ cloth between the successive

page_text: layers of rubber. The rags contain soluble mineral substances used in the
preparation of the india-rubber cloth, and in order to prevent such substances
from coming in contact with the water or other liquid that may be passed
through the tubing when in use the latter may be lined with a preparation of
india-rubber composed entirely of insoluble articles.
The compound for this lining is composed as follows:-Twenty-five pounds
best gum, twelve pounds flowers of sulphur, six pounds pulverized silica, two
pounds calcined manganesc. These ingredients are ground together, and
formed into a thin sheet, which is cut into strips sufficiently wide to wrap once
round the mandril upon which the pipe is to be formed. Over this lining
the successive layers of the first described compound are wrapped, and the
pipe is vulcanized as before. The proportions of the ingredients given above
are those found the best to answer the purpose, but they may be varied
without materially altering the result; in such case, however, it will be found
necessary to change the temperature or duration of vulcanization to correspond
with the proportions of the materials employed. In the hose described as
manufactured from a base of woven fabric, that fabric will often become
saturated with water while in use, and is then very liable to rot before it
comes dry, which result the chemical action of the sulphur and other
articles used in the composition of india-rubber or gutta percha is calculated
to facilitate.
Now, the object of the last part of this Invention is to prepare the woven
fabric, in whatever form it may be used, so that it shall possess such pro-
perties as to resist both the action of water and that of sulphur, and the other
articles combined with the rubber or gutta percha upon it, whereby, when
made into hose or tubing in any proper manner, it will not be subject to decay,
and will render the hose or tubing very durable.
The Invention consists in treating the woven fabric with corrosive sublimate,
chloride of zinc, pyrolignite of iron, oil of tar, and other bituminous pitchy
and resinous matters, or any other similar substances, either by immersing the
fabric and afterwards drying it, or by placing it in any suitable vessel, and
exhausting the air so that the preservative solution will be forced in by
pressure, or in any other proper manner. The strength of the solution, and
the length of time that the fabric shall remain in it, can of course be varied,
but the strength of the liquid, and the time occupied should be sufficient to
cause the fabric to be thoroughly impregnated. The fabric thus prepared is
then coated with india-rubber or gutta percha, and formed into hose or tubing
in any proper manner.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in

page_text: the Mode of and Apparatus for Manufacturing Hose Pipe," as communicated
to me from abroad, and explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that, under the above in part recited Letters
Patent, I lay no claim, nor do I confine myself to the use of any particular
vulcanizable compounds for coating or lining the woven fabrics employed for
the base of the improved hose pipes, as they may be prepared in any well
known manner; but what I claim, is,-
First, the arrangement of machinery described with reference to Sheet I.
of the Drawings for manufacturing "spiral" hose.
Secondly, the arrangement of machinery described with reference to
Sheet II. for manufacturing hose pipe with a woven tube as a base.
Thirdly, the several improvements in the manufacture of hose pipe
described with reference to Sheet III. of the Drawings.
Fourthly, constructing tubes without a woven fabric for a base, in the
manner and for the purpose above described.
And, lastly, treating fabrics that are to form the base of hose pipe in the
manner above described to remove their tendency to decay.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
[A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)