IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS AND RIVETS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS AND RIVETS."-
A communication.
Sealed the 23rd November 1858, and dated the 24th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1858.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS AND RIVETS," a
communication from abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved combination of machinery or appa-
ratus for pressing bolts and rivets, either hot or cold, and to a peculiar safety.
apparatus for throwing the machine out of gear when the strain upon it
becomes unduly great.
The whole of the mechanism is carried on a cast-iron bed plate or standard
placed horizontally, the main driving shaft being carried in bearings at one
end of the bed plate and the feeding mechanism at the opposite end. The
cam shaft is parellel to the driving shaft, and receives motion therefrom by

page_text: means of a small spur pinion peculiarly fitted on to the main shaft, and gearing
into a large spur wheel keyed on to one end of the cam shaft. The small
pinion is secured to the driving shaft by means of bolts or pins, against which
bear two cutting plates, so that on any undue resistance being offered to the
movements of the machine, the plates will cut off the holding bolts or pins,
and thereby release the pinion, which will then turn loosely upon the shaft,
and consequently effect the stoppage of the machine before any damage can
be accomplished.
The material to be formed into bolts or rivets is fed into the machine in a
hot or cold state in the form of long lengths of bars of a circular section,
which bars are fed forward to the dies by being passed between a pair of
grooved feeding rollers actuated intermittantly by a pall and ratchet wheel move-
ment driven by a suitable cam on the cam shaft. The pall is actuated directly
by a slotted crank or arm, and the connecting rod is capable of adjustment
therein, so as to give a greater or less stroke at each revolution of the feed
cam, whereby the length of material fed in at every stroke may be regulated
according to the length of bolt or rivet to be produced.
A piece of the proper length is first cut off from the bar by means of suitable
shears worked by toggle joints on either side of the machine; and these toggle
joints are actuated by rods worked from suitable cams on the cam shaft. By the
time the length is cut off it is firmly held between a pair of slides, also worked
from the toggle joints above referred to, and these slides hold the short length
of bar during the time it is being operated upon by the die which forms
the head. This die is carried by a slide which is moved forward to give the
required pressure by means of a bent lever actuated by a cam on the cam
shaft, and after forming the head it is drawn back again by a rod connected
to another cam on the same shaft. The holding slides are now opened by
means of a short lever acted upon by a spring, and the finished bolt or rivet
is pushed forward and falls out by the advance of the head of the bar,
which is now brought forward by the feed motion in readiness for a repetition
of the operations above described. Suitable arrangements are employed for
And the machine may be constructed
regulating the pressure of the dies.
with two or more sets of dies and attendant mechanism, so as to manu-
facture any desired number of bolts or rivets at one time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JoпN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS AND RIVETS," a communi-
cation from abroad, upon the condition (amongst. others) that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain. the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
This Invention relates to an improved combination of machinery or appa-
ratus for pressing bolts and rivets, either hot or cold, and to a peculiar safety
apparatus for throwing the machine out of gear when the strain upon it
becomes excessive. The whole of the mechanism is carried on a cast-iron bed
plate or standard placed horizontally, the main driving shaft being carried in
bearings at one end of the bed plate, and the feeding mechanism at the
opposite end. The cam shaft is parallel to the driving shaft, and receives
motion therefrom by means of a small spur pinion peculiarly fitted on to the

page_text: main shaft, and gearing into a large spur wheel keyed on to one end of the
cam shaft. The small pinion is secured to the driving shaft by means of bolts
or pins, against which bear two cutting plates, so that on any undue resistance
or excessive strain being offered to the movements of the machine, the plates
will cut off the holding bolts or pins, and thereby release the pinion, which
will then turn loosely upon the shaft, and consequently effect the stoppage of
the machine before any damage can be accomplished.
The metal bars to be made into bolts or rivets are fed into the machine in
a hot or cold state, and are moved forward to the dies by being passed between
a pair of grooved feeding rollers, to which an intermittant motion is imparted
by a pall and ratchet wheel driven by a suitable cam on the cam shaft. The
pall is actuated directly by a slotted crank or arm, and the connecting rod is
capable of adjustment therein, so as to give a greater or less stroke at each
revolution of the feed cam, whereby the length of bar fed in at each stroke
may be regulated according to the length of bolt or rivet to be produced. A
section of the proper length is first cut off from the bar by means of suitable
shears worked by toggle joints on either side of the machine; these toggle
joints are actuated by rods worked from suitable cams on the cam shaft. By
the time the length is cut off it is firmly held between a pair of slides, also
worked from the toggle joints above referred to, and these slides hold the short
length of bar during the time it is being operated upon by the die which forms
the head. This die is carried by a slide which is moved forward to give the
required pressure by means of a bent lever actuated by a cam on the cam
shaft, and after forming the head it is drawn back again by a rod connected
to another cam on the same shaft. The holding slides are now opened by
means of a short lever acted upon by a spring, and the finished bolt or rivet
is pushed forward and falls out by the advance of the end of the bar, which is
now brought forward by the feed motion in readiness for a repetition of the
operations above described. Suitable arrangements are employed for regulating
the pressure of the dies. And the machine may be constructed with two or
more sets of dies and attendant mechanism, so as to manufacture any desired
number of bolts or rivets at one time.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout both
Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a complete plan of my
improved bolt and rivet making machine in working order; and Figure 2 on

page_text: Sheet 2 is a side elevation of the same. T is a common bed plate of cast iron,
which carries at one end the driving or first motion shaft A, upon which is
mounted the spur pinion B, by the intervention of a safety piece composed of
shears capable of cutting the bolts which alone make fast the pinion B on the
shaft A. The driving shaft carries also a fly wheel D, and the two pullies
E, E, to which motion is imparted by a driving strap from any prime mover.
The large spur wheel F' driven by the pinion B is fast upon the shaft G,
which carries the cams H, HI. These cams work the levers 0, 0, which
actuating in their turn the slides N, N, and dies Q, Q, fitted thereon, produce
the necessary pressure for making the head of the rivet or bolt. The eccentrics
J, J, also carried by the same shaft G, accomplish the backward or return
stroke of the slides N, N, when the completed bolt or rivet is allowed to fall
by its own gravity after it has been pushed forward by the end of the advancing
bar, which is about to take its place for the formation of a second bolt or rivet,
and also accomplish the advance or forward movement of the slides, when the
dies are required to press upon the portion of the bolt or rivet, which under
the pressure of this punch is destined to form the head. The eccentrics K, K,
also carried by the shaft G, impart motion to the rods F, F, which actuate the
slotted lever arms u, u, whose action is to determine that of the pallo on the
ratchet wheel W, carried on the axle of the cylinder or grooved feed pulley x,
and of a toothed wheel y, which communicates its motion to a similar wheel y',
actuating a second upper cylinder or grooved feed pulley. It is between the
first pulleys that the bar passes, and the length of bar which is desired to
pass is capable of being regulated each time by fixing the rod F on the slotted
lever arm at different heights, and making other modifications in accordance
therewith. The antifriction rollers a fitted on the rods L, L, by the stud bolts
b, b, are intended to receive the pressure of the cams M, M, carried by the shaft
G. These rods L, L, actuate the toggle or knee joints Z, which put in motion
the shears for cutting off the required lengths from the bar, and the slides R, R,
which retain and hold in position the detached length of bar during the time
that the pressure is exerted for forming the head of the bolt or rivet. d, d,
are wrought-iron cross beams for the purpose of strengthening and supporting
the cast-iron brackets g, g, and leave a space for the slides R, R, to work in.
The two small levers s, s, under the influence of the springs t, t, act upon the
slides R, R, for the purpose of returning them back again to their places.
The pieces c, c, serve to regulate the pressure of the dies, which are retained
and held in position by the pressing screws f, f.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into

page_text: effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
principles or main features of the said Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of machinery
or apparatus for making bolts and rivets, as herein-before described and
illustrated by my Drawings.
Second, the peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus for stopping
the machine when subjected to excessive strain, as herein-before described.
Third, the peculiar construction, arrangement, and mode of operating and
regulating the feed motion of bolt and rivet making machines, as herein-before
described.
Fourth, the system or mode of severing the length of bar to be made into
a bolt or rivet, and of holding such severed length by the aid of shears and
slides worked by "knee" or "toggle" joint levers, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the peculiar arrangement of mechanism for effecting the forward and
backward movements of the pressing dies which form the heads of the bolts
or rivets, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the application and use of a lever and spring for opening or separating
the holding slides for effecting the release of the completed bolt or rivet, as
herein-before described.
Seventh, the arrangement herein-before described for regulating the pressure
of the head forming dies.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-eight.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)