IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSE ASSES AND MULES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Buckham, Timber Merchant, and George Jackson,
Blacksmith, both of Lanchester in the County of Durham for an Invention
of IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSE ASSES AND MULES.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Buckham and Georgo
Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd January
1882.
JOHN BUCKHAM, Timber Merchant and GEORGE JACKSON, Blacksmith, both of
Lanchester in the County of Durham IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES
ASSES AND MULES"
<<
Our Invention relates to improvements in shoes for horses, asses and mules and
to certain appliances or fittings thereto by means of which the necessity of removing
the shoe from the hoof for the purpose of being sharpened is avoided.
"
For heavy draught animals we construct the shoe in the ordinary way with toe
and heel pieces or "calks" formed with a slight "bevil' at back inward and
upward from bottom edge. At a little distance behind the toe piece, square
headed studs are screwed into the shoes their square heads being slightly bevilled
upward and inward, and between these and the toe piece a tapered tongue is driven
in and fixed, by slightly turning back its thinner end, leaving its sharpened lower
edge projecting beyond the toe piece. The heel pieces or calks we fit with a
tapered tongue piece consisting of two ends connected by a bar, either or both of
which ends may be formed with a sharpened edge, to project beyond the "calk"
or, in some cases, one of the ends may be made so as to overlap the
calk" to
compensate for its wearing down. This tapered tongue piece is driven in between
the calks and the bevilled square heads of two screwed studs one on each side and
fixed by turning over its thinner end with a hammer.
"
In some cases instead of this appliance the heel pieces or "calks" have each (or
preferably the outer one only) a similar square headed stud screwed into a tappet
hole and holding a sharpened tongue standing above the heel piece or "calk"

page_text: We sometimes, as for light draught or saddle animals, where heavy toe pieces
and "calks" are not desirable nor necessary, propose to form the shoe so as to
admit of studs being screwed into it, clear of the groove for the shoeing nails.
These studs are of a peculiar form such that they may be screwed or unscrewed
either by an ordinary screw key (embracing opposite flat sides) or by a chisel
pointed bar inserted into notches formed in their lower face, which notches leave
points or teeth (preferably four, six, or eight) projecting at the angles These
screwed studs we propose to use in certain cases in conjunction with the appliances
first described or (where it may be found advantageous) to modify and use either
form of fitting.
When not required the sharpened tongues, with their fixing studs, (in cases of
heavy draught) or the pointed screwed studs (in cases of light draught or saddle)
are removed and the shoe remains of the ordinary form. The whole of the special
fittings can be fixed or removed, all round, in a few minutes without special skill
by a simple tool having a hammer head at one end and a screw key at the other
and none of them have any tendency to work loose the studs being securely
" locked by the tonguo pieces bearing closely against their square bevilled
heads.
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Buckham and George Jackson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st July 1882.
JOHN BUCKHAM Timber Merchant and GEORGE JACKSON Blacksmith both of
Lanchester in the County of Durham IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES,
ASSES, AND MULES
Our Invention relates to improvements in shoes for horses, asses, and mules, and
to certain appliances or fittings thereto by means of which the necessity of removing
the shoe froin the hoof for the purpose of being sharpened is avoided
For heavy draught animals we construct the shoe in the ordinary way with toe
and heel pieces or "calks" formed with a slight bevil" at back inward and
upward from bottom edge. At a little distance behind the toe piece, square
headed studs are screwed into the shoes their square heads being slightly bevilled
upward and inward, and between these and the toe piece a tapered tongue is driven
in and fixed, by slightly turning back its thinner end leaving its sharpened lower
edge projecting beyond the toe piece. The heel pieces or calks we fit with a
tapered tongue piece consisting of two ends connected by a bar, either or both of
which ends may be formed with a sharpened edge, to project beyond the "calk
in some cases, one of the ends may be made so as to overlap the "calk" to
compensate for its wearing down. This tapered tongue piece is driven in between
the calks and the bevilled square heads of two screwed studs one on each side and
fixed by turning over its thinner end with a hammer
or,
"
In some cases instead of this appliance the heel pieces or "calks" have each
(or preferably the outer one only) a similar square headed stud screwed into a
tapped hole and holding a sharpened tongue standing above the heel piece or
" calk"
We sometimes as for light draught or saddle animals, where heavy toc pieces
and "calks" are not desirable nor necessary, propose to form the shoe so as to
admit of studs being screwed into it, clear of the groove for the shoeing nails.
These studs are of a peculiar form such that they may be screwed or unscrewed
either by an ordinary screw key (embracing opposite flat sides) or by a chisel
pointed bar inserted into notches formed in their lower face, which notches leave
points or teeth (preferably four, six or eight) projecting at the angles. These
screwed studs we propose to use in certain cases in conjunction with the appliances
first described or (where it may be found advantageous) to modify and use either
form of fitting
When not required the sharpened tongues, with their fixing studs (in cases of
heavy draught) or the pointed screwed studs (in cases of light draught or saddle)
are removed and the shoe remains of the ordinary form. The whole of the special
fittings can be fixed or removed, all round, in a few minutes without special skill
by a simple tool having a haminer head at one end and a screw key at the other
and none of them have any tendency to work loose the studs being securely
"locked" by the tongue pieces bearing closely against their square bevilled heads.

page_text: Figure 1 is a plan on underside. Figure 2 a side view and Figure 3 a front end
view of a shoe adapted for heavy draught horses and fitted with our removeable
tongue pieces at toe and heel to prevent slipping in frosty weather. A is the toc
piece and B B the heel pieces or "calks" formed on the shoe with inside bevilled
edges. C. C. C are studs screwed into holes tapped in the shoe and having square
heads with bevilled edges (see details Figures 16 and 17). D is the tapered tongue
piece driven in between the toe piece A and the studs C. C and fixed by slightly
setting over its thinner end leaving its sharpened edge standing below the toe
piece.
Figures 11. 12. and 13 shew details full size of the tapered tongue piece D.
Figures 14. 15. 15ª and 15³ shew details full size of another mode of fixing the
tongue piece D without setting over its thinner end by means of the tapered key K
fitting into a notch N in the tongue piece and with it inserted between the too
piece A and the studs C. C. and being driven home, the key K by its tuper locks
and prevents the tongue piece working loose.
E is the tongue piece for the heel having a feather fitting into a groove in front
edge of the heel piece and fixed by a tapered key driven in between it and the
bevilled stud C and its thinner end then slightly set over, the sharpened edge
of E being left standing below the heel piece B. Details full size of the tongue
piece E and its fittings are shewn in Figures 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23 and 24.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 shew three views of a similar shoe fitted with "blunts" for
use when sharpening is not required, or the shoe may be left without any fittings
when the tongues are removed, either leaving the studs C. C in their holes or
replacing them by thin headed studs shewn by Figures 16 and 1GB which
preserve the shoe and protect the threads of the tapped holes from being clogged
or injured. The wearing down of the toe or heel pieces does not affect the fixing
of the sharpened tongues as the bevilled or dovetailed form will hold them firmly
even when only a very small portion remains. The tongue pieces can be fitted to
existing shoes without altering the toe and heel pieces as the bevilled form of the
studs will hold them firmly without the toe and heel pieces being also bevilled, but
we prefer the double bevil or dovetail form.
Figures 7 and 8 show a shoe adapted for light draught, carriage and road horses
fitted at heel with our sharpened tongue picces and at front with the pointed
studs S (preferably of four but may have six or eight points) details of which are
shewn by Figures 25, 26. and 27 full size. These pointed studs are screwed into
holes, tapped into the shoe
Figures 9 and 10 shew a lighter shoe for hunters and other saddle horses
sharpened for frost by the pointed studs S screwed on at heel and at front, clear of
the nail grooves, and replaced when sharps are not required by the thin headed
blunts before named, (Figure 16 and 16³) as may also be done in the case of
Figures 7 and 8
To prevent these pointed studs getting loose by unscrewing a check plate may
be applied or any other well known appliance inny be adopted but we do not
anticipate any such necessity
Figures 28, 29, 30 and 31 shew the tools we use for fixing and removing the
various fittings of the shoes. Figures 30 and 31 shew a tool forming at one end
a key by which the bevilled studs or the blunts may be screwed or unscrewed
available also for the pointed studs, and the other end forming a clawed hammer
for driving in the tapered tongues and blunts with their keys and for driving out
the same. Figures 28 and 29 shew a small key for screwing in and unscrewing
the pointed studs in the lighter shoes of hunters and other saddle horses and which
can be carried in the pocket or in the saddle pouch. These tools with the addition
(in case of draught horses) of an ordinary cold chisel form the whole equipment
required
The shoes and various fittings may be made of forged iron, steel, or malleable
cast iron and the details of form and application may be modified in several ways

page_text: without deviating from the main features of our Invention which we claim as
novel and secured to us by Letters Patent, namely
1st The construction of the shoe so that the toe and heel pieces or either of
them are adapted to receive and hold firmly the removeable tongue pieces
substantially as shewn and described.
2nd The application to shoes, so constructed of removeable tongue pieces secured
in their places by the bevilled edges of the toe and heel pieces and the bevilled
heads of the studs with or without the tapered keys for the purposes set forth
substantially as shewn and described.
3rd The application to shoes, not specially constructed, of removeable tongue
pieces secured in their places by the bevilled heads of the studs only, with or
without the tapered keys for the purposes set forth substantially as shewn and
described.
4th The application to ordinary shoes for light draught or saddle animals
(with or without toe or heel pieces) of removeable studs formed with points and
secured to the shoe for the purposes set forth substantially as shewn and
described.
In witness whereof I the said John Buckham on behalf of myself and
the said George Jackson have hereunto set my hand and scal this
Twenty fourth day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
bundred and eighty two.
Witness:
T. J. DANSON
Consulting Engineer & Patent Agent
Newcastle on Tyne.
JOHN BUCKHAM. (L.S.)