Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Mar., 1885.
Complete Left, 24th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 25th Jan., 1887.
We WILLIAM CLIFFORD, and GEORGE TRAVIS, both of Clarence works Bath street
Sheffield Safety lamp manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
They relate to the inlets and outlets for air in lanterns and lamps, to the ventilation
and also to the form of lanterns and lamps. Our improvements are applicable to
every kind of stationary and portable lamp, or lantern, whether such lamp or lantern
is made to burn coal gas, or other gas or vapour; vegetable or mineral oil, or oil
extracted from animal fat; any form of candle or candle stuff. They are specially
applicable to ships' lanterns, street lamps, railway signal and other lamps or lanterns
placed in positions exposed to the violence of the wind.
That part of our improvements which relates--to the admission of air supply to
lanterns and lamps, and to the outlet or escape of vitiated or burnt air from them, and
also to the ventilation of such lanterns or lamps, is accomplished by admitting the
air into an annular chamber through ports, openings, or holes, in an oblique direction,
pointing towards the centre line of such annular chamber. This annular chamber has
also other ports or openings from the inside of lamp, and pointing in their general
direction towards the centre line of annular chamber; so that if the line of general
direction of a port in inner wall were produced, and also that of corresponding one in
outer wall of chamber, then such lines of direction produced would intersect each other
on or near centre line of chamber. The same form of chamber is applied to both inlet
and outlet. The outlet ports and chamber may be of the same dimensions as inlet or
larger. The ports may be of any degree of obliquity from a slight angular difference
froin radius of the plan of chamber to a tangent. The openings or ports,—both those
inside and outside,
-are in two rows; the upper row in each case being reversed in
the direction of its obliquity to the lower one. The same arrangement applies to both
inlet and to outlet. The ports or openings may be either curved or straight lines.
When a lantern or lamp furnished with our improvements is placed in a wind, the
action of such wind is to withdraw or suck air from inside of such lantern or lamp
into the annular chamber, whence it is carried outside by the wind. Now from

page_text: construction of such lantern or lamp, the suction set up at outlet is equal to or greater
than that at inlet, consequently if it is equal, the supply of air to lamp or lantern is in
proportion to the intensity of the draught through it, caused by heat from wick flame ;
while with a larger outlet the amount of air supplied for ventilation and combustion, is
that quantity the lamp is adjusted to give in a wind.
Between the annular chambers we make communication by means of holes in the
roof of the lower one, and in the floor of the upper one; or by making the oblique
ports or holes into the sides of a common annular chamber, one set at the upper end
and the other at the lower end of such chamber.
In lamps or lanterns having argand burners,—or burners of other form requiring a
metal, glass, or metal and glass, chimney; we make the communication between the
annular chambers, through the space enclosed by outer case or glass of lamp and such
chimney. In lamps or lanterns not having a chimney, we use double cylindrical
glasses so as to form communication between the upper and lower annular chambers,
except in lamps where the air is admitted at the top of the flame chamber. Then only
one glass is necessary.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Lanterns and Lamps.
We WILLIAM CLIFFORD and GEORGE TRAVIS both of Clarence works Bath Street
Sheffield, Safety lamp manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
They relate to the inlets and outlets for air in lanterns and lamps, to the ventilation
and also to the form of lanterns and lamps. Our improvements are applicable to every
kind of stationary and portable lamp or lantern, whether such lamp or lantern burns
coal gas, or other gas or vapour; vegetable or mineral oil or oil extracted from animal
fat; any form of candle or candle stuff. They are specially applicable to ships'
lanterns, street lamps, railway signal lamps; and other lamps and lanterns placed in
positions exposed to the violence of the wind.
That part of our improvements which relates to the admission of the air supply to
lanterns and lamps, and to the outlet of the vitiated or burnt air from them and also to
the general ventilation of such lanterns and lamps, is accomplished by the admission of
the outer air, first, into an annular chamber, through ports openings or holes in an
oblique direction, pointing towards the centre line of such annular chamber. This
annular chamber has other ports or openings from inside of lamp also pointing in
their general direction towards circular centre line of annular chamber; so that if the
line of direction of an inner port were produced into chamber, and that of the outer
one opposite were also produced until they intersected; then with the width of the
annular space as a base the two lines so produced would form a triangle. The same
form of chamber is applied to both outlet and inlet. The outlet ports and chamber
may be of the same dimensions as the inlet or larger. The ports may be of any
degree of obliquity, from a slight angular difference from a radius to the circular
outline of plan of chamber, to a tangent to the same. The openings or ports,--both in
inner and and outer wall of chamber are in one two or more rows or tiers placed one
above another; each row or tier being reversed in the direction of its obliquity to the
one next below it. The same arrangement is applied both at inlet and outlet. The
ports or openings may be either curved or straight in their direction through walls
of chamber, provided that they point in the same general direction towards the
centre of it.
When a lamp or lantern furnished with our improvements is placed in a wind; the
action of such wind is to withdraw or suck air from the inside of the lamp or lantern
into the annular chamber whence it is carried outside. Now from the construction of
such lantern or lamp the suction set up at the outlet is equal to or greater than that
at inlet, consequently if it is equal, the supply of air to the lamp or lantern is in
proportion to the intensity of the draught through it, caused by the heat from the
wick flame; while with a larger outlet the amount of air supplied for ventilation and
combustion is that quantity the lamp-by such enlargement of outlet--is adjusted
to give.
Between the annular chambers we make communication by means of holes in the.
roof of the lower or inlet one and in the floor of the upper one; or preferably-as

page_text: shown in drawings-by making the oblique ports into the sides of a common annular
chamber.-one set at the upper and the other at the lower end of it.
In lamps or lanterns fed at the bottom or having Argand or other form of burner
requiring a metal, glass, or metal and glass chimney; we make the communication
between the annular chambers through the space enclosed between outer case or glass
of lamp and such chimney. In lamps or lanterns not having a chimney and fed at
the bottom, the flame chamber itself is the channel of communication.
And in order that our said invention may be clearly understood we have annexed
hereto two sheets of drawings illustrative of several kinds of lamps or lanterns in
which our improvements are carried out; and in which the same letters of reference
indicate the same or similar parts in any figure.
Fig. 1 is an elevation showing a form of gas or street lamp. The inlet,-which is
placed at the bottom of the lamp, has two tiers of ports marked a. The outlet-
which is placed on the top of the lamp-has also two tiers of ports marked b. The
burner is Argand in form and surrounded by a chimney h. It will be seen from this
figure that communication between inlet and outlet chambers is made through the
space outside chimney h.
Fig. 3 shows horizontal sections through a tier of ports each at inlet and outlet, it
shows the general arrangement of the inner ports with regard to their opposite or
corresponding outer ones, and to the position of both with reference to annular space f
common to both tiers and to inlet and outlet.
Fig. 4 shows similar sections on other lines discribed by lettering on said figure.
Fig. 2 shows another form of street lamp illustrative of our invention. This figure
is a vertical middle section. It will be seen that the air enters through outer ports a
into annular space f, through the inner ports d into space surrounding chimney shown
by dotted lines; thence through holes (which do not appear in drawing)-and
thence over the top and under the edge of bell glass chimney, to burners.
In Figs. 5 & 6 are seen the general arrangement and direction of ports a. d. e. b.
Fig. 7 is an elevation of a hand lamp with our invention. The air enters through
ports a below cylindrical glass g.
Fig. 8 illustrates also a hand lamp, but in section, and with the air entering above
shorter cylindrical glass by ports a.
Fig. 9 shows a ship's lantern,-made in accordance with our invention,-having
the ports e, b, d, a, and common annular chamber f. The eyelets forming parts of
standards are for hoisting lines.
Figs. 11 & 12 are horizontal sections on the several lines discribed and lettered on
figures 7 8 9 & 10.
Having now particularly discribed and ascertained the nature of our improvements
and in what manner the same is performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
First. The use of air ports entering the circular part of any lamp or lantern in an
oblique direction that is; in any direction other than the radius of the circle forming
the outline of the body of such lamp or lantern.
Second. The use of an annular chamber-combined with the above either separate
at inlet and outlet, or common to both.
Third. The use in lamps and lanterns of oblique ports of the kind first above
discribed, but communicating between the annular chamber and the interior of lamp.
Fourth. A combination of the whole in the formation of the inlet and outlet to a
lamp or lantern.
WM. CLIFFORD,
GEORGE TRAVIS,
Applicants.