IM- PROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Pugh Jones, of Shell Mound, Mississippi,
United States of America, but now of No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, London, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Pugh Jones at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th September 1873.
I, EDWARD PUGH JONES, of Shell Mound, Mississippi, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGONS," to be as
follows:-
My said Invention relates to railway brakes, and consists in various
improvements whereby I am enabled to furnish a railway brake which
possesses the following novel features and advantages:-The said brake ·

page_text: is so constructed that it may be made to exert a very powerful pressure
with a very slight movement and may be regulated to give any desired
pressure, either heavy or light. It has a large area of friction surface
and therefore wears slowly, and is but little liable to heat. Its action in
releasing the wheel is instantaneous. Neither of the axles of a
carriage or wagon to which the said brake is applied is made to serve
as a fulcrum as in applying the ordinary friction brakes, therefore there
will be no improper strain thrown upon the journals or journal boxes.
And it may be applied to one pair or all the pairs of wheels on a carriage
or wagon. It does not produce any abrasion of the tires of the wheels,
and therefore does not impair their durability. It may be so arranged
that in a train consisting of a number of carriages the brakes will be
applied automatically, and the brakesman or guard in one carriage may
readily apply or release the brakes of a number of carriages simul-
taneously.
My improved brake is constructed and applied to a railway carriage
or wagon as follows:-In close proximity to the inner sides of the
wheels I place discs or plates, which are connected to toggle joints and
so arranged that the said discs or plates may be forced into contact with
the side surfaces of the wheels, and withdrawn from the same by
operating the said toggle joints. The said dises or plates are attached
to rods or bars which rest on the carriage axles with a capability of
lateral adjustment thereon. The toggle links are jointed to these bars
and to a central longitudinal rod which extends to the end of the
carriage, and is connected with a lever whereby the brakes are adjusted.
It will be obvious that by this construction and arrangement of the
brakes and their operative mechanism, the brakes act upon the sides of
the wheels instead of upon the peripheries or tires; therefore the latter
are not injured. And as the side surfaces of the wheels upon which
the brakes act, present a much larger area than the tires, it follows that
the wear both of the wheels and the brakes will be proportionately
diminished. Moreover the inner side of the wheels may be protected
by covering them with metal plates for the brakes to act upon, so that
no part of the wheel itself will be subjected to the abrading action of
the brake. The brake discs or plates may also be lined or covered on
their bearing surface with wood or metal. To permit these discs or
blocks to be placed in their proper position with regard to the wheels
without removing the latter from their axles, I make the said discs or

page_text: blocks in two semicircular parts formed to fit the axle, or I cut a slot
from the periphery to the centre of the disc large enough to pass over
the axle.
As the bars to which the brake discs, plates, or segments are attached
rest on the axles, the said bars and discs will not be affected by the
vertical or up-and-down vibrations of the body of the carriage; therefore
I am enabled to attach to the said bars a guard or protector which
projects down in front of the wheels. This guard or protector will be
more particularly useful for street, railway, or tramway carriages, as in
the event of any person or object falling on the line in front of the
carriage, the protector will remove the same from the line or carry it
onward until the carriage is stopped by the brake.
I adapt this Invention to a locomotive by suspending a segment of a
circle from the frame, and connecting the toggle links with the same so
that the brakes are applied to the lower portion of the surface of the
driving wheels without touching their peripheries or tires, and therefore
the traction of these wheels is not diminished by the smoothing and
polishing of the tires by the action of the brakes,
The central bar or rod to which the toggle links are connected may
be arranged to spread the brakes or force them into contact with the
wheels by either a pull or a push; and in some cases the said bar or rod
is extended beyond the carriage frame and provided with a buffer, so
that in a train consisting of a number of carriages or wagons provided
with these brakes, when the front carriage is stopped or checked and
the other carriages are thereby closed up or brought together, the brakes
of each carriage will close the brakes of the next carriage, and the
brakes will be automatically applied throughout the train.
0
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Pugh Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
PUGH JONES, of Shell Mound, Mississippi, United States of America,
now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Pugh Jones, Her special licence, that
I, the said Edward Pugh Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Edward Pugh Jones, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND WAGONS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Edward Pugh Jones, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Pugh Jones, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
forming a part of this Specification:-
My said Invention relates to railway brakes and consists in various
improvements, whereby I am enabled to furnish a railway brake which
possesses the following novel features and advantages:-The said brake
is so constructed that it may be made to exert a very powerful pressure
with a very slight movement, and may be regulated to give any desired
pressure, either heavy or light. It has a large area of friction surface,
and therefore wears slowly and is but little liable to heat; its action in
releasing the wheel is instantaneous. Neither of the
or wagon to which the said brake is applied, is made to serve as a fulcrum
as in applying the ordinary friction brake, therefore there will be no
improper strain thrown upon the journals or journal boxes. And it may
be applied to one pair or all the pairs of wheels on a carriage or wagon.
It does not produce any abrasion of the tires of the wheels, and there-
axles of a carriage
J

page_text: fore does not impair. their durability. It may be so arranged that in a
train consisting of a number of carriages the brakes will be applied
automatically, and the brakesman or guard in one carriage may readily
apply or release the brakes of a number of carriages simultaneously.
The manner in which my improved brake is constructed and applied
to a railway carriage or wagon may be fully understood by the aid of
the accompanying Drawing, which I will now proceed to describe.
Figure 1 is a plan of the under side of a railway carriage provided
with brakes according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal
vertical section on the line X, X, Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 shew portions of the said brakes detached.
Similar letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawing.
A, A, are the wheels, and B, B, the axles of a railway carriage and
wheel which may be constructed in any ordinary or suitable manner. In
close proximity to the inner sides of the wheels A, I place discs or
plates a, which are connected by rods or links to toggle arms c, so
arranged that the said discs or plates may be forced into contact with
the side surfaces of the wheels A, and withdrawn from the same by
opening and closing the said toggle arms. The toggle arms are joined
at c¹ to the bars 6, and at c² to a central longitudinal rod d, which
extends to the end of the carriage, and is connected with a lever_d*,
whereby the discs or plates a are adjusted. The said longitudinal rod
may be formed with loops or rings & and be supported upon the axles.
Or the said rod may extend across the top of the axles and the bars c
be arranged to rest directly upon the said axles.
It will be obvious that by the above described construction and
arrangement of the brakes and their operative mechanism, the brakes
act upon the sides of the wheels A instead of upon the peripheries or
tyres, therefore the latter are not injured. And as the side surfaces of
the wheels A, upon which the brakes act, present a much larger area
than the tyres, it follows that the destruction by wearing both of the
wheels and the brakes will be proportionately diminished. Moreover
the inner sides of the wheels A may be protected by covering them with
metal plates e for the brakes to act upon, so that no part of the wheel
itself will be subjected to the abrading action of the brake. The brake
dises or plates a may also be lined or covered on their bearing surfaces

page_text: with wood or metal. To permit these discs or blocks a to be placed in
their proper positions with regard to the wheels A without removing the
latter from their axles B, I make the said discs or blocks a in two semi-
circular parts formed to fit the axle loosely, as shewn in Figure 3, or I
cut a slot from the periphery to the centre of the disc, large enough to
pass over the axle B, as shewn in Figure 4.
As the bars to which the brake discs, plates, or segments are attached
rest directly on the axles B, or are supported by the rod d thereon, the
said bars and discs will not be affected by the vertical or up-and-down
vibrations of the body of the carriage, therefore I am enabled to attach
to the said bars a guard or protector which projects down in front of the
wheels. This guard or protector will be more particularly useful for
street, railway, or tramway carriages, as in the event of any person or
object falling on the line in front of the carriage, the protector will
remove the same from the line or carry it onward until the carriage is
stopped by the brake.
I adapt this Invention to a locomotive by suspending a segment of a
circle from the frame of the locomotive, and connecting the toggle arms
or links c with the same, so that the brakes a are applied to the lower
portion of the surface of the driving wheels without touching their
peripheries or tyres, and therefore the traction of these wheels is not
diminished by the smoothing and polishing of the tyres by the action of
the brakes.
The central bar or rod d to which the toggle arms or links c are
connected may be arranged to spread the brakes or force them into a
contact with the wheels by either pulling or pushing the said bar. And
in some cases the said bar or rod is extended beyond the carriage frame,
and provided with a buffer f, so that in a train consisting of a number of
such carriages or wagons provided with these brakes, when the front
carriage is stopped or checked and the other carriages are thereby closed a
up or brought together, the brakes of each carriage will close the brakes
of the next carriage, and the brakes will be automatically applied
throughout the train.
Having thus fully described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to 3
the construction of the discs or plates, the rods or bars or other parts of
the apparatus in the precise form or manner illustrated in the Drawing,

page_text: but may vary or modify the same as may be found necessary or desirable
to ensue the carrying of my Invention into effect in the most advan-
tageous manner, and I claim,—
First. The discs or plates fitted upon the axle of a railway carriage
or wagon in such a manner as to slide but not turn thereon, and so
arranged in combination with the wheels of the same, that by means of
toggle joints arranged as shown or otherwise to operate in the required
manner, the said plates or discs can be brought into contact with the
inside surfaces of the said wheels or withdrawn therefrom for the purpose
specified.
Second. The combination of the said discs or plates with the con-
necting links, the toggle arms, and the central bar and lever, or other
convenient means for manipulating the brake, as herein set forth and for
the purpose specified.
Third. Supporting the rods or bars of the brake upon the axles of the
carriage or wagon, and providing the brake with a guard or protector as
herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. Providing the end or ends of the central rods or bars of the
brakes with buffers as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
E. P. JONES. (L.S.)