IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF FEEDING, BASE BURNING, AIR HEATING, And VENTILATING STOVES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Alfred Barlow, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, in
the City of London, Patent Agent and Engineer, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF FEEDING, BASE BURNING, AIR HEATING, And
VENTILATING STOVES." A communication from abroad by Franz Lonholdt,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Alfred Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1881.
"1
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of London,
Patent Agent and Engineer. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF FEEDING, BASE BURNING,
AIR HEATING, AND VENTILATING STOVES." A communication from abroad by
Franz Lonholdt, Architect, of Frankfurt a/m, in the Empire of Germany.
These stoves are practically after the principle of the American stoves, with
uninterrupted firing, but with considerable improvements, consisting in a mantle
or double casing, a very effective mode of ventilation, and a combination of smoke
drafts, so that the heat can be utilised for cooking purposes without making the
stove look unsightly, special care having been taken in desire to make the stove
attractive in appearance.
The stove is in plan square, the mantle being at front and the back only so wide
as to give a sufficiently broad front.
In the interior space is a basket shaped grate with a moveable sliding ash tray,
and the feeding funnel is of proportionate narrow construction, and on the top is a
vase forming the lid which is filled with water, the steam from which escapes
through the perforated vase lid, thus keeping the lid cool at the same time.
On the right and left inside the stove are spaces, the exterior walls whereof form
the mantle. Between the mantle are fluted tin plates fixed to enable the air to
pass through quickly, and without hindrance and yet sufficiently heated. The
vertically placed ribs do not prevent the quick passage of the air, but are heated-
TDi 1031

page_text: by reflection of heat from the stove, and thus the air is heated in its passage. The
mantle does not reach to the entire height of the stove, and the heated air leaves
it at about 4 feet from the floor. At the bottom the mantle is connected with
circular openings, through which passes either the air of the room or fresh air from
the floor through the outside, or both at the same time, through a passage in the
floor.
The two air circulating channels can be closed with flaps, and thus regulate the
circulation of the air, as it is well known that continuous circulation is detrimental
to health and helps to crack furniture.
The central entry of the air cools the ash box.
The smoke drafts are flat and lie in the hinder part of the stove in a box out
of sight, and is divided by a partition into two smoke pipes, in which the smoke
travels. Thus the heat is bound to descend into the hollow bottom of the stove, so
creating great heat near the floor; this and the termination of the mantle so near
the floor is of great importance in this construction. In one smoke pipe is a trap
or damper which can be set vertically or horizontally, and in the former
position the smoke goes to the bottom first, but in the latter directly into the
chimney.
The draft
The flat smoke box is fitted with a projecting plate that has two cooking holes
with rings.
In consequence of the projection on three sides of this plate there is
plenty of room for placing the vessel used for cooking or warming.
pipe opening directly under the plate into the chimney is bound to direct its
heating gases to the plate, and thereby a very effective heating effect is
obtained.
The cooking arrangement is at the back of the stove, and is therefore not visible
generally.
In the back of the smoke channel is a ventilator extending across the full
width of the channel with rectangular traps, which permit of a thorough ventilation
of the room.
In front there is a semicircular door or trap with its perforation
closed by glimmer plates. Through a double door the ash box is removed, and the
grate is agitated (or shaken) by means of a projecting bar.
The stove can, without loosing any of its advantage, be made shorter, and then
assumes the shape of a French fireplace.
In the American stoves the grate basket is made of one piece, and to remove it
the whole stove must be taken to pieces; further, the lower rim of the wall is thin,
and has simply a few inches cut out to form a sort of upright grate to admit the
air to the fuel in the basket.
The improvement in this system is by constructing the grate in several pieces,
which can be placed and removed separately; each piece has two eyes, into which
fit two pins cast or rivetted in the plate, which rest on a projecting rim inside the
wall of the stove. This plate is made with an oval opening, into which the trunk
of the basket fits.
The upper part of the trunk forms a flat oval conical ending ring, and outside
this ring are joined the cast ribs with narrow spaces between them. These ribs
can be made very thin, as they have a wide edge measured in height; thus the
grate surface is larger without being weakened.
Underneath the basket is a ring shaped grate with inner radially projecting and
downwards slightly bent ribs or bars. This ring grate is cast in one piece. The
outer massive ring rests on several balls which lie in sockets in a plate, so that this
ring grate is cast in one piece. The outer massive ring rests on several balls, which
lie in sockets in a plate, so that this ring grate is loose and can be shaken by
means of a projecting bar in front of the stove.
Under the oval opening of the ring grate there is (on the plate) a removeable
grate which can be placed or withdrawn on bars, and have a handle which projects
in front of the stove.
The ashes accumulating on this grate can be removed by shaking it, whilst it
can be thoroughly cleaned when fully withdrawn.

page_text: To obtain an equal heat all over the stove, and to prevent the heating passing
direct through the opening from the grate without heating the space round the
shaft and the mantle otherwise than by reflection, a partition is fitted which makes
the heat in front of the stove to rise to the top, descend proportionally, and
leave either through the opening direct into the chimney or through the smoke
box to circulate in the bottom of the stove, and then escape into the chimney.
ARRANGEMENT OF FEEDING SHAFT AND WATER EVAPORATING VESSEL.
The feeding shaft is wider towards the bottom, thus preventing cloging of
the fuel from the possible lighting of the coals in the same, and generation of
gases.
To neutralize such gases in all cases small slots are made in the upper part of
the feeding shaft, through which any such gases can leave with the smoke through
the aperture.
The evaporating vessel, which forms at the same time the lid of the feeding shaft,
I make now usually wider at the bottom, so that the heated gases can assist in
more quickly evaporating the water. In these stoves should be found combined
all the improved arrangements known and proved by practice and in theory.
They possess considerable heat reflecting power and air channels on the sides, by
which the air of the room can be regulated as desired.
Through the ventilators the foul air is carried away at the sides of the stove;
little heat is reflected on account of the tin plate conductors, as described, thus
there is no danger of damaging articles of furniture placed in close proximity of
either side of the stove.
Some of these stoves are made without the cooking arrangement, and in this
case the stove pipe is carried straight up; also the smoke channel is surrounded
by a circulation channel through which the air of the room circulates.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Walter Alfred Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th April 1882.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, in the City of London,
Patent Agent and Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-FEEDING, BASE-BURNING,
AIR-HEATING, AND VENTILATING STOVES." A communication from abroad by
Franz Lonholdt, Architect, of Frankfurt a/m, in the Empire of Germany.
These stoves are partially after the principle of the American stoves, with unin-
terrupted firing, but with considerable improvements, consisting in a mantle or
double casing, a very effective mode of ventilation, and a combination of smoke
draughts, so that the heat may be utilized for cooking purposes without making the
stove look unsightly, and special care has been taken in design to make the stove
attractive in appearance, and available either as a cheap selling stove or stoves of
a higher class."
In order that the Invention may be well ascertained I will make reference in
the following description to the respective Figures of the Drawings.
Figs. 1 and 2 are vertical sections of a construction of the improved stoves ;
Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6, horizontal sections. This stove is in plan square, the mantle
being only at the sides, so as to give a sufficiently broad front. In the interior
space a is a basket shaped grate b, with a movable sliding ash tray c; d is the
feeding funnel of proportionally narrow construction; w is a basin filled with
water, the steam from which passes into the room to moisten the air. On the
right and left inside the stove are spaces e, the exterior walls whereof form the
mantle or circulating channels. Between the mantle are fluted tin plates fixed to
enable the air to pass through quickly and without hindrance and yet sufficiently
heated. The vertically placed ribs do not prevent the quick passage of the air,
but are heated by reflection of heat from the stove, and thus the air is heated in
its passage.
The mantle does not reach to the entire height of the stove and the
heated air leaves it at about four and a half feet from the floor. At the bottom
the mantle is provided with circular openings, through which passes in direction of
the arrow either the air of the room or fresh air from the floor through a tube
from outside or both at the same time.
P
The two air circulating channels can be closed with flaps e', and thus regulate
the circulation of the air, as it is well known that continuous circulation cir-
culation is detrimental to health and acts to crack furniture, and so forth. The
central entry of the air cools the ash-box.
The smoke drafts are flat and lie in the hinder part of the stove out of sight,
and is divided by a partition into two smoke pipes k², k¹, in which the smoke
travels in direction as indicated by arrows. Thus the heat is bound to descend
into the hollow bottom of the stove, so creating great heat near the floor; this
and the termination of the mantle so near the floor is of great importance in this
construction.
In one smoke pipe is a trap, which can be set vertically or horizontally, and in
the former position the smoke goes to the bottom first, but in the latter directly
into the chimney. The flat smoke box k is fitted with a projecting plate that has
cooking holes n.
In consequence of the projection of this plate there is plenty of room for
placing the vessel used for cooking or warming. The draft pipe S' opening
directly under the plate into the chimney is bound to direct its heating gases to
the plate, and thereby a very effective heating result is secured. The cooking
arrangement is at the back of the stove, and is therefore not visible generally.

page_text: In the back of the smoke channel is a ventilator extending across the full width
of the channel with rectangular traps which permit of a thorough ventilation
of the room.
In front there are doors or traps with perforations closed by glimmer
plate.
Through a double door the ash box is removable and the grate is agitated or
shaken by means of a projecting bar r. The stove can without losing any of its
advantage be made shorter and then assumes the shape of a fire place.
The grate consists of two parts, the grate basket b and the conical grate c, which
latter through pins supported on layers may be turned on its vertical axis and also
be moved upward and downward. The conical form of the movable grate c
gives a larger grate surface with relatively smaller dimensions, and permits whilst
the stove is in action by moving it sidewards of removal of the ashes and other
matter, but may also, whenever a thorough cleaning of the grate is necessary, by
lifting upwards or downwards, or by a combination of those two movements, be
emptied at pleasure.
The feeding shaft d is widened across the bottom, thus preventing clogging of
the fuel from the possible lighting of the coals in the same and generation of gases.
To neutralize such gases in all cases small slots are made in the feeding
shaft, through which any such gases can leave along with the smoke through the
apertures.
Through the ventilators foul air is carried away. At the sides of the stove
little heat is reflected on account of the air circulating channels, as described; thus
there is no danger of damaging articles of furniture placed in close proximity to
either side of the stove.
Some of these stoves are made without the cooking arrangement, and in this
case the stove pipe is carried straight up, also the smoke channel is surrounded by
a circulation channel, through which the air of the room circulates.
Figs. 7 to 11 show the stove in low chimney form as it can be placed into an open
fire place.
Instead of the long chimney shaft where the fuel is put in from the top there is
substituted a feeding place d provided with a door. The front of the feeding place d
is towards the inside to give more space for the coals in front of the stove, that is, &
larger fire surface.
There is a slot or opening provided below the hinge of the top plate or lid g,
and the construction of the lid at g with a guard plate prevents the slot from being
choked with fuel.
A small portion of the heating gases enters through this slot finto the feeding
place d, and is drawn through the layer of fuel back into the glowing fire, thus
assisting to complete combustion.
The greater part of the fire gases passes through the hinder opening h, Fig. 10,
from the fire space a into the smoke box K¹ direct up the chimney when the valve
is opened, but if valve i, Fig. 8, is shut, then the smoke gases circulate downwards
through the base before they leave through the channel K, Fig. 11, to the chimney.
In the centre of the base a large flat channel is left, so that the gases must in
their circulation come into contact with all parts in the base, and give out great
heat near the floor. The central channel leads to a collecting space m which
spreads flat out under the whole of the stove, and from this lead the vertical air
circulation channels which are open top and bottom. The circulation air streams
in the direction of the arrows Fig. 9 under and around the base, absorbing heat
therefrom into the collecting chamber m, and thence through the vertical channels,
either directly upwards, or where the stove is placed in a low chimney, it will enter
the room in front of the circulation channels covered with perforated ornament O,
Fig. 7.
To moisten the air enamelled iron water basins w are placed in the front of
the channels, which are heated from the side of the firespace which they touch.
The steam thus created mixes itself with the air and circulates with the same into
the room.

page_text: The stove stands perfectly free in the chimney opening, as shown by Figs. 7
and 8, and at the back of the stove a channel p, Fig. 8 (which can be closed by a
damper) is placed to admit fresh air, whilst to obtain more rapid heating only the
atmosphere of the room is allowed to enter and circulate in the stove.
The front of the stove is curved and provided with glimmer plates p through
which the fire is visible, and said glimmer plates are made so as to slide to one side
to provide an open fire.
Under the glimmer plates p' is the door also with glimmer plates q through
which the fire can be stirred, and by operating the projecting button r below door q
the fire box can be shaken.
The ashes fall into ash box S which stand free in the ash space, and can easily
be removed and replaced, for which purpose the ash place has a broad double door t
with slots for air under the fire box, with ventilators for regulating the admission
and consumption.
Figs. 12 to 15 show modified construction for the smoke circulation in the base
in order to heat the base strongly on the outline or walls, and to obtain more heat
by a slower circulation of gases. The smoke box is in these Figures placed inside
the stove and follows a rectangular ground form.
In Figs. 12 and 13 the fixed smoke box is divided by two vertical partition
plates in the central principal smoke draught v, and two auxiliary or side
draughts v'.
For circulation of the air two channels 1, l', are inserted by which larger heating
surface is obtained. Through these channels the air enters into space m, and from
thence greatly heated through the two vertical circulation channels e into the
rooms. Above the opening h through which the fire gases leave the fire to the
central smoke draught v the valve i, Fig. 12 is placed. When open the gases
escape direct up the chimney, but when closed they must descend the smoke
draught into the base in the direction of the arrow between the two air channels,
thence forward round the channels 1, 1, between the same, and the side wall of the
base back to the side smoke draughts v' and through them up the chimney.
Figs. 14 and 15 show a further modification of this combination for obtaining
greater heat at the base.
To prevent loss of heat in the base, which may be the case when the atmosphere
is conducted round the same, and to obtain the greatest possible heat, the air enters
through openings w into the collecting space m which is divided by a vertical
central partition u.
To prevent the circulation air from rising directly from the collecting space m
through the side air channels e without being sufficiently warmed, horizontal
plates are placed directly over the openings w. The air which enters at the side
openings w into the collecting space must circulate over the heated cover plate of
the base in the direction of the arrows Fig. 15, round the partitions
reaching the vertical side channels e, through which at a low height but sufficiently
heated they enter the room.
before
The rest part of the construction is substantially the same as before described
for the smoke draught. The construction as regards the smoke conduct through the
base Figs. 12 to 15 considerably increases the heating power.
Figs. 16 to 23 show the stoves in simplified construction to bring the benefits of
the Invention within the reach of the poorer class; Figs. 16 to 19 in round form,
and Figs. 20 to 23 square.
In the round stoves the gases are carried down, but not into the base only
round the partitions u and again upwards. The smoke box k is divided by two
vertical central partitions u, and on each side smoke draughts are provided.
The partitions u are brought up just below the exit 8³, so that the rising gases
in the channels must touch the adjoining walls and strongly heat them.
To cover the inner heating cylinder at the back of the smoke-box k, a mantle e
is eccentrically placed in the inner stove and closes the same in front against the

page_text: heating cylinder, but at the back against the hinder wall of the smoke box, con-
sequently the air circulating channels formed by this mantle will run quite narrow
in front but wider at the back, where they close on to the smoke-box, and thereby
utilize the side walls of the smoke box to heat the circulation air. According to
the setting of the valve (placed in the central smoke-box V) the heating gases
will either go through the middle channel v direct up. the chimney, or as before
described and shown by the dotted arrows, down over the bottom plate of the base,
then divide and enter into the side channels through openings o³, Figs. 16 and 17,
to the escapes 8¹.
The ventilator ¹ in the middle smoke draught vis to regulate the consumption
as well as to exhaust the bad air from the room.
The filling of this stove is effected from the top and the shaft hangs free on the
top of the heating cylinder, so that on the upper circle of said shaft the slot like
opening fis formed, through which heated gases get into the shaft in the direction
of arrows, Fig. 16, and return through the coals into the fire.
To prevent the slot f being choked up with the coals being thrown in, there is a
funnel g placed into the upper opening of the shaft d by which the slot is
protected, and through which the coals, are charged in. In this funnel lies the loose
protecting cover d¹ with openings therein, and over this the lid d², which closes the
filling shaft hermetically.
If lid d² is lifted, air will penetrate into the shaft d through the holes in lid ď
and reach the fuel before the loose protection lid itself is lifted.
The shaft d is round in front, straight down at back, drawn in downwards, see
Fig. 16, so the upper and lower openings lie eccentrically over each other. By this
arrangement there is enough space left at back over the grate basket for the
draught of the heating gases through the opening K.
The rising circulation air through the side channels enters the room through
the top G¹, which is a removable perforated cupola; under there is a water
evaporating cup w¹ from which the air passes mixed into the room.
In the square stoves 20 to 23, the heating gases are carried direct upwards from
the fire space to the chimney or round the cooking space for cooking.
To attain the highest possible heating power on the floor the fire basket b is
placed as low as possible, but the ash-box hangs free and slides out easily.
By the direct reflecting of the fire in the fire-basket the walls round the stove
are much heated and give great floor heat (without the base smoke conductor,
which would be more expensive). In this stove also the flat smoke box is laid
inside the same to obtain a regular ground form of the stove.
The air circulation channels e are placed as before described at the side of the
stove. To prevent the heating gases going up the chimney in a too heated con-
dition, and to utilise them fully for heating the upper stove, there is formed an
oven, the sides and bottom of which will be touched by the gases before they
ascend the chimney. The heating gases enter through opening k over the fire
basket from the inner stove into the smoke draft, and is then drawn upwards in
the same, either through S¹, up the chimney, or if valve i is closed, then in the
direction of the dotted arrows, Figs. 20 and 21, under the base of the cooking
space to the front by the side opening 02, into the smoke channels at the side of
the cooking space, over the wall w³ in the back smoke draft, and thence through
draft S¹ up the chimney.
In this stove the filling opening is in front and a flap door t is provided with
side cheeks t. For small spaces or rooms and where the cooking stove is not
desired, the stove can be made without it.
The draught pipe for smoke gases is placed, as shown, over the ventilation
valve i, indicated by dotted lines. The upper part of the stove above the hori-
zontal line, z, is provided with a perforated cupola with a water receptacle
underneath for evaporation, as before described, the great value of which is that
the circulation air rises free through the vertical channels, and the air is brought
nto the roonis at low height in a vertical direction, and all openings for the entry

page_text: of air for combustion are not made with ventilators, like those before described, but
with regulating screws, by which it is possible to close these openings hermetically,
and effect and render possible complete regulation of the firing.
Figs. 24 to 29 are for purpose of illustrating the employment of tubular air
channels e from the air collecting space m; and the further construction will be
readily understood from the Drawings and reference letters marked thereon, corre-
sponding to the respective parts of the foregoing description.
All the stoves before described, and still more all other so-called American stoves,
present the disadvantage that they will only act well if a certain fuel (anthracite
or coke) is used, because the fire basket or a part thereof placed directly under the
feed shaft prevents at once the coals from dropping into the fire basket, and the
irregular function of the stoves on account of the continual combustion taking
place from the bottom upwards within and consequent upon the heating of the
lower part of the feed shaft d by gases, as well as by the glowing fire, the coals in
the lower part of the shaft get much heated; when using bituminous coal cokeing
results. To render possible the use of any kind of fuel with a perfectly smokeless
and sootless combustion there is constructed according to this Invention apparatus
as shown by the Drawings, Figs. 30 to 40. In the apparatus, Figs. 30 to 35, the
combustion takes place only from the bottom to top, and in Figs. 36 to 40 the
combustion can also take place from top to bottom, or to obtain better com-
bustion and greater base heating through setting a valve or ventilator to reverse
the direction of the draught, so that the products of combustion will be directly
from the fire down into the base for circulation therein.
a is the fire space; b, the fire basket; and c, the grid; d, the feed shaft; and the
smoke draughts e, e', e³, through which the gases must circulate to and through the
base before they can escape through the chimney.
The feed shaft d is curved from the front towards the back, as shown in Figs, 30
to 36. The front wall i of the feed shaft is shorter than the hinder one ¹, which
latter is so drawn forward that at the lower end of the feed shaft an opening K is
formed, which is in a line with the front wall of the feeding shaft, and through
which the coals pass to the fire.
The fire place consists of a basket b, in substantially U shape, fixed and hanging
free on the sides of the feed shaft, so that the casing of the fire place a, on the
outside of which the room or circulation air comes in contact, cannot be overheated
by the glowing coals or the circulation air be burnt.
The fire basket is made of flat bars, and, as shown in Figs. 30 to 36, are inclined
forward and downward from the feed shaft.
Under the fire basket a flat grid c is placed in a line with the hinder part of the
feeding shaft and parallel with the fire basket.
This flat grid c is hinged to fall down from the front for the purpose of emptying,
and can be moved from side to side.
The heating space a is closed at the back below the fire by the wall m, so that
the shaft does not show, and the fire is seen through the door.
The feed shaft itself is nowhere touched by impinging fire gases, and is sur-
rounded at the sides and back by circulation air within a mantle, and is in front
protected by the channel o so far as it reaches into the fire space a.
Through the channel o, upon the bottom of which the hottest firegases impinge,
air enters, is considerably heated in its passage, and is directed on to and over the
glowing coal layer, and a complete combustion of the distillation and reduction
gases takes place.
The products of combustion follow the direction of the arrows through the two
channels e¹, through which and the sides of the feeding shaft are left the air
channel p, Fig. 31, to the smoke box at the back of the stove.
The arrangement shown in Figs. 30 to 35 show the smoke box divided by two
vertical partitions into a large central channel e¹ and two small side smoke
draughts e, which latter can be shut by the valve q, Figs. 30 and 36. When
valve g is open gases escape direct under the cooking plate into the chimney, but

page_text: when closed the gases must circulate in the direction of the dotted arrows to the
base, then along the outer walls of the base, and rise through the centre channel e³,
and so up the chimney.
Through channel r, Figs. 31 and 32, in the base round which the heating gases
circulate, there enters the atmosphere of the room into the air circulation channels
of the stove, and is driven up by the succeeding air round the feeding shaft to enter
again into the room as warmed air in the direction of the arrows.
Complete combustion is effected by the gliding downwards by its own weight
of the fuel, consequent on the construction and arrangement of the feed shaft, fire
basket, and grid.
The distillation gases formed and the smoke must pass through the glowing fuel
and consume all smoke or soot, and by conducting hot air over the burning fuel
through channel o the complete combustion of the evolved gases is obtained
without too much air draught, by which the heating effect of the stove would be
reduced.
The fire can be regulated by admitting more or less air through screw or sliding
ventilators, and also through a ventilator in the smoke box at the back of stove.
To secure a powerful heating of the base the direction of the draught is reversed,
as shown in Figs. 36 to 40.
The flat roast c, which forms a prolongation of the feeding shaft under the fire-
basket, is laid in a movable frame made of hollow fire bars or fireproof material.
Although the heating gases can escape in these stoves through the two channels e
directly into the smoke box, and therefrom to the chimney, the gases must, when
channel e are shut by the valve q, circulate through the fuel downwards, and
through openings S to the outer walls of the base in direction of arrows, Fig. 38,
and thence to the smoke box and chimney, whereby intenser heat at the base is
developed than is the case in the construction shown in Figs. 30 to 32, but at an
equally uniform combustion.
On account of the intense heat passing to and through the opening S the
closing slanting wall m is made double, with air between, or else of fireproof
material, to prevent creation of great heating of the feed shaft, and consequent
caking of fuel.
When granular fuel is used the lower grid c is replaced by a fire brick with
broad slot, through which the heating gases draw downwards.
By drawing the heating gases (by introducing air for combustion) from the top
through the fuel layer, as shown in Fig. 36, the burning up in the feeding shaft,
and caking, and consequent mishaps, as well as formation of gases, is prevented in
these kinds of stoves, and by thus keeping the feeding shaft cool through the
surrounding air, it makes it possible to burn either bituminous coal or granular
fuel.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same may be carried into practical effect, I claim,-
Firstly. In stoves as herein described, the arrangement for securing air circulation
through circulation channels rising from the base of the stove, undulated to a
collecting space heated from below and by the flat channels bearing against the
sides of the fire space, or air channel or columns fixed at the corners of the fire
space, from which the circulating air discharges at a low height and in a perpen-
dicular direction into the atmosphere, as herein described.
Secondly. The herein described means for conducting the heating gases through
smoke-boxes (fixed at the back of the heating space and around the air circulation
channels, then through the base or round the partition placed in the base, as herein
set forth and shown by the Drawings.
Thirdly. The herein described construction of "fire place" stove, the base whereof
is exposed on all sides to the circulating air.
Fourthly. The arrangement for influencing the direction of the circulation of
the heating gases in horizontal and vertical direction by partitions dividing the
base into crossed smoke draughts, as herein set forth and shown by the Drawings,

page_text: Fifthly. The inner heating stove a with the smoke-box placed at the back
thereof, around which a casing or wall is fixed eccentrically thereto, so that the
stove in its outlines has a regular base form with air circulation channels formed on
the side of the heating space, narrow in front and wide at back, as herein set forth
and shown by the Drawings.
Sixthly. The fire basket placed in the base of the stove with ash-box under-
neath, with conduits for the fire gases through the smoke case directly up the
chimney or round a cooking oven, as set forth and shown by the Drawings.
Seventhly. The use of the square curved back feed shafts in the interior of the
stove, surrounded on all sides by air circulation channels providing against contact
of the fire-gases, and with a longer wall at back than in front leading forwards
and downwards, so that a square opening is formed in the front wall of the shaft,
as and for the purpose herein set forth and shown by the Drawings, Figs. 30 to 40.
Eighthly. The arrangement of the fire basket open at the bottom hanging free
to the feed shaft, which does not at any point touch the enclosing walls around the
fire space, and under which a revolving sidewards movable of fixed, which from
the back of the filling shaft lies in a slanting direction downwards from the back,
as set forth and shown by the Drawings.
Ninthly. The mode of conducting heated combustion air on to the glowing fuel
layer by a channel narrow at back and wide in front, the underside whereof is
touched by the fire gases, as set forth and shown by the Drawings.
Tenthly. The conduct of fire gases to the flat smoke-box at the back of the stove
through horizontal flat smoke channels at the side of the feed shaft, and from
thence up the chimney, or for circulation through the base, or to obtain greatest
base heating and completest combustion, then down through the burning material
layer and directly into the base of the stove, round the incased air circulation
channels and round the ashbox, and thence through the smoke box up the chimney,
as set forth and shown by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Alfred Barlow, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
WALTER A. DANLOW. (L.S.)