Improvements in Apparatus for Ventilating Railway and other Carriages.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 17th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 17th Aug., 1888
RESERVE CO
IRUVIDIONAL DIBUITIVATION,
Improvements in Apparatus for Ventilating Railway and other
Carriages.
I, JOHN ANDERSON, of Burnbank House, Oban, in the County of Argyle, North
Britain, Railway Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object the ventilating of railway and other carriages,
in an improved manner, my improved arrangements whilst being effective and
controllable being also such as to avoid objectionable draughts.
In carrying out my Invention in the case of a railway carriage my improved
apparatus may be fitted to various parts of the carriage, but is by preference placed at
the sides near the top or on the top; and it may be very conveniently placed in the
upper parts of the doors where ordinary ventilators are usually placed.
In one modification my improved apparatus comprises two air passages communi-
cating between the interior and exterior of the carriage; and the external parts of
these passages are formed with funnel mouths facing opposite ways so that one faces
forwards and the other backwards in whichever direction the carriage may be moving,
the motion of the carriage causing the air to enter one passage and to tend to pass out
through the other passage. With the view of increasing the exhaust action or
movement of the outward current of air, a third passage is combined with the other
two, and is formed by an inner tube extending through from one funnel mouth to the
other, and placed concentrically or nearly so with the funnel mouths but with sufficient
space round it for the communications of the mouths with the passages leading into
the carriage. With this construction, part of the air entering whichever funnel mouth
is facing forwards passes through the inner tube and issuing from its back end acts
inductively on the air passing outwards and increases its velocity.
In a second modification the third passage, or the inductive passage as it may be
termed, is formed by means of an onter jacket or shell so as to more or less surround
the external parts of the other two passages.

page_text: The apparatus may be further modified by dividing it and placing the passage with
its funnel mouth facing in one direction at a greater or less distance from the passage
with its funnel mouth facing in the opposite direction, each part being provided with
an inductive passage.
The parts of the passages opening into the interior of the carriage are by preference
directed horizontally across the carriage or with more or less of an inclined or upward
direction so that the entering currents may distribute themselves near the roof of the
carriage and above the heads of passengers, in order to avoid draughts. Valves of
any convenient kind may be fitted to the passages for adjusting and controlling the
ventilating currents.
Dated this Seventeenth day of October 1887.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Ventilating Railway and other
Carriages.
I, JOHN ANDERSON, of Burnbank House, Oban, in the County of Argyle, North
Britain, Railway Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :--
My said Invention has for its object the ventilating of railway and other carriages
in an improved manner, my improved arrangements, whilst being effective and
controllable, being also such as to avoid objectionable draughts.
In carrying out my Invention in the case of a railway carriage my improved
apparatus may be fitted to various parts of the carriage, but is by preference placed in
the upper parts of the doors where ordinary ventilators are usually placed.
In some modifications my improved apparatus as made for each door comprises two
air passages communicating between the interior and exterior of the carriage; and the
external parts of these passages may be of various shapes but are by preference formed
with funnel mouths facing opposite ways, so that one faces forwards, and the other
backwards in whichever direction the carriage may be moving, the motion of the
carriage causing the air to enter one passage and to tend to pass out through the other
passage. With the view of increasing the exhaust action or movement of the outgoing
current of air, a third passage is combined with the other two, and is formed by an
inner tube extending through from one funnel mouth to the other, and placed con-
centrically or nearly so with the mouths, but with sufficient space round it for the
communications of the mouths with the passages leading into the carriage. With this
construction, part of the air entering whichever funnel mouth is facing forwards
passes through the inner tube and issuing from its back end acts inductively on the air
passing outwards and increases its velocity.
In other modifications the third passage, or the inductive passage as it may be
termed, is formed by means of an outer jacket or shell so as to more or less surround
the external parts of the other two passages.
At the parts of the air passages opening into the interior of the carriage any suitable
known arrangement of ports or valves may be applied but preferably such as will
direct the entering air horizontally across the carriage or with more or less of an
upward or upwardly inclined direction, so that the entering air may become distributed
near the roof of the carriage and above the heads of passengers, in order to avoid
draughts.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same may
be properly understood I hereunto append two sheets of explanatory drawings to be

page_text: hereinafter referred to and representing examples of the various modes in which my
Invention may be applied in practice.
Figure, 1, on sheet, 1, of the drawing is a sectional internal elevation, figure, 2, is a
horizontal section, figure, 3, is an external elevation, and figure, 4, is a transverse
vertical section of one modification of my improved ventilating apparatus. A second
modification is shown in horizontal section in figure, 5, sheet, 2, in external elevation
in figure, 6, and in transverse vertical section in figure, 7. Figures, 8, and 9, are a
horizontal section and external elevation of a third modification; whilst figures, 10,
and 11, are transverse_vertical sections of modifications of the parts at the inner ends
of the air passages. In these drawings the same reference letters are used to mark
the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
In the modification shown in figures, 1, to 4, there are fixed on the outside of the
upper part of the carriage door, A, two shells of metal or other suitable material
shaped to form air passages, B, C, and made with enlarged funnel-shaped mouths at
their outer ends and having their inner ends directed inwards into the carriage. The
mouths or outer ends of the two air passages, B, C, face in opposite directions so that
when the carriage is moving the air enters one passage and tends to go out through
the other. A third passage, D, hereinbefore termed an inductive passage is combined
with the two air passages, B, C, being formed by a tube extending longitudinally from
one mouth to the other, in a straight line or nearly so, with its ends, which are some-
what funnel shaped, at or near the outer ends of the air passages, B, C, and with these
passages surrounding it, completely excepting where they turn inwards to the interior
of the carriage. When the carriage is in motion air passes through this inductive
passage or tube, D, and at its rear end acts so as to increase the velocity of the air
going out through what is for the time the rear air passage, B, or C. At the inner
ends, E, F, of the air passages, B, C, two simple slides, G, are shown as fitted for
closing or more or less opening either air passage. As hereinbefore mentioned any
suitable known construction of the inner ends, E, F, of the air passages, B, C, or of
valves such as, G, or others, may be used, and I make no claim to any peculiarity of
such parts considered separately.
The modification shown in figures, 5, 6, and 7, is very similar to that shown in
figures, 1, to 4, and hereinbefore described. The induction tube, D, is made of
uniform cross section excepting at the ends which are a little flared out; and the
inner portions of the air passages, B, C, are divided by a vertical partition, H,
introduced with the view of guiding the air in a better manner. An outer shell, J, is
placed over the external parts. A single slide or valve, G, is fitted inside the door
and closes or opens the inner ends, E, F, of the air passages equally, it being found
that the apparatus acts quite well with the two passages equally opened.
In the modifications shown in figures, 8, 9, 10, 11, the inductive passage is formed
by an outer shell, K, within which the outer parts of the shells of the air passages, B, C,
are placed, and which is of such a size as to enclose a passage space wholly or to a
intended to receive
large extent surrounding the inner shells. The outer shell, K,
a strong current of air and to direct it so as in issuing at the rear end to act on the
air going out through what is at the time the rear air passage, B, or C.
The inner parts, E, F, may be inclined upwards where they pass through the door
as shown in figures, 4, and 7; or they may pass horizontally through the door, as
shown in figures, 10, and 11, and an upwardly inclined direction may be given to the
entering air by inclined slats, L; or a more directly upward direction may be given
to the entering air by means of an internal casing, M, having a valve or valves, G, at
the top of it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1.—In ventilating apparatus for railway and other carriages the combination of two
air passages communicating with the interior of the carriage and having external
funnel-shaped mouths facing in opposite directions, with an inner inductive passage

page_text: or tube extending from one funnel mouth to the other, the said parts being arranged
and operating substantially as herein before described with reference to figures, 1, to 7,
of the accompanying drawings.
2. In ventilating apparatus for railway and other carriages the combination of two
air passages communicating with the interior of the carriage and having external
funnel-shaped mouths facing in opposite directions, with an outer inductive passage
extending from one funnel mouth to the other, the said parts being arranged and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures, 8, to 11, of
the accompanying drawings.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.