IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ROLLERS OF CYLINDERS USED FOR PRINTING AND EMBOSSING WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Barber, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ROLLERS OF CYLINDERS USED
FOR PRINTING AND EMBOSSING WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER AND OTHER
MATERIALS."
Sealed the 23rd March 1858, and dated the 25th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Barber, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 25th September
1857.
I, JOHN BARBER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS
USED FOR PRINTING AND EMBOSSING WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER, AND, OTHER
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
⚫ I make the said rollers or cylinders of two separate tubes, the inner one of
iron or other suitable metal, and the outer one of copper.. brass, composition,
or other metal similar to those now in general use. I am aware of compound
rollers having been made for printing purposes of copper. tubes outside and
iron inside, and also outside copper tubes with composition. inside. In .the
Specification of a Patent granted to me, and, dated February 21st, 1857,
No. 511, for Improvements in, Compound Printing .Maundrills," I shew
a compound roller fixed on one of my compound maundrills, and also the plan
Price 8d1

page_text: "
for cutting the grooves in the ends of the rollers. And in the Specification of
the Patent, No. 2175, granted to me, dated September 17th, 1856, for
Improvements in Machinery for Engraving, and Improved Maundrills, &c,"
I shew the maundrill for turning rollers off. The copper or other metal tubes
or cylinders are made by any convenient process, and turned parallel outside
to any diameter required to fit into an apparatus fixed on the carriage of the
boring machine to receive the said tubes or cylinders, and hold them firmly to
their bed during the operation of boring, and at the same time are easy of
removal for the different sizes of tubes or cylinders. I make the inner tube
with a small projection or collar at one end, and I drive a plug into each end
of the tube as a preparation for turning it. I then put it into a lathe to be
centered, and the outside shell or crust turned off and made parallel outside to
the diameter required, so as to fit into a similar apparatus for holding the
outer tubes or cylinders, and the ends being turned true, they will meet face
to. face and retain a vertical position in the forcing machine. I then place on
a maundrill, similar to my improved maundrill for turning off rollers, the body
or shaft to fit the holes or bearings at each end of the said tube, having
a fast cone or chuck at one end to fit the groove, and at the other a loose barrel
with chuck and cone shaft with a thread and nut to screw up and hold
it firm for turning. The body must be turned parallel to the exact diameter
required, but a little larger than the inside of the copper or other metal tube
or cylinder before it has been expanded on the expansion cylinder. The
carriage, of the turning lathe must be driven to the right or to the left, as may
be required, to give the said tube (which has to form the inner part of the roller)
the effect of a screw cut to meet or resist the driving power in turning off,
engraving, printing, or from expansion; by driving up to the projection or
fast collar the tube will be held fast. I then place the copper or other outside
tube or cylinder on the expansion and guiding cylinder, heated by steam or
other means, and when sufficiently expanded to receive the inner tube, I force
the said inner tube into the interior of the outer tube up to its. bed or collar
by the force of steam acting upon a piston, the steam expansion cylinder
descending as it becomes exhausted and forced by the piston of the upper
cylinder; or instead of two separate tubes or cylinders. I employ one, which I
submit to an improved rolling, forcing, and drawing process, the power for
which is obtained by the pressure of steam in cylinders placed at one or both
ends of the roller or maundrill, the roller moving through or between two or
more compressing rollers which have the effect of compressing and elongating
the cylinder. These improvements will be better understood by reference to
the accompanying outline Drawing, which represents the machinery or appa-

page_text: ratus for expanding the tubes or cylinders, and also for forcing into them the
tubes which form the inner portion or part of the said roller. a is the copper
tube or cylinder to be expanded, placed upon the resisting block b, which is
changed according to the size of the cylinder; which cylinder is also placed
upon the guiding and expanding cylinder c, which can be changed for the
sizes required; the iron or other tube to be permanently fixed in the copper
cylinder, and forming the inner part of the roller, is shewn at d, upon the top
of which is the forcing cap e, its upper part forming a basin or receiver for the
condensed water; the forcing steam cylinder is shewn at f, and its piston rod
at g, the lower end of which fits the forcing cap e, and the upper part passes
through a cylinder containing a spiral spring, to which the rod is connected
for the purpose of balancing the piston. Steam enters the pipe h, and is
admitted by the tap or valve i to the interior of the bottom cylinder k, em-
ployed for the purpose of raising the expanding cylinder c to its proper position
to receive its outer cylinder a, the expanding cylinder receiving the steam at
the same time. From the pipe h the steam arrives to the taps or valves k
and L; the tap k admits the steam by the pipe m to the upper part of the
forcing cylinder above the piston, which steam is exhausted by the pipe n
passing through the valve or tap o. For raising the piston, steam is admitted
by the pipe p to the bottom of the cylinder by means of the tap l. The steam
from the lower cylinder is exhausted into the exhaust pipe n by passing the
valve or tap q. Regulating and safety valves are placed in a desired position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Barber, in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 25th
March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, JOHN
BARBER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Barber, Her special licence, that I, the said John Barber,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Barber, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
:Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS USED FOR PRINTING AND
EMBOSSING WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER, AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Barber, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Barber, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):
:-
I make the said rollers or cylinders of two separate iubes, the inner one of
iron or other suitable metal, and the outer one of copper, brass, composition,
or other metal similar to those now in general use. I am aware of compound
rollers having been made for printing purposes of copper tubes outside and
iron inside, and also outside copper tubes with composition inside.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to me, and dated February 21st,
1857, No. 511, for improvements in compound printing maundrills, I shew
a compound roller fixed on one of my compound maundrills, and also the plan
for cutting the grooves in the ends of the rollers. And in the Specification of
the Patent, No. 2175, granted to me, dated September 17th, 1856, for
improvements in machinery for engraving and improved maundrills, I shew the
groove and maundrill for turning the rollers off. The copper or other metal tubes
or cylinders are made by any convenient process, and turned parallel outside
to any diameter required to fit into an apparatus fixed on the carriage of the
boring machine to receive the said tubes or cylinders, and hold them firmly to
their bed during the operation of boring, and at the same time are easy of
removal for the different sizes of tubes or cylinders. I make the inner tube
with a small projection or collar at one end, and I drive a plug into each end
of the tube as a preparation for turning it; I then put it into a lathe to be
centered, and the outside shell or crust turned off and made parallel outside to
the diameter required, so as to fit into a similar apparatus for holding the
outer tubes or cylinders; and the ends being turned true, they will meet face
to face and retain a vertical position in the forcing machine. I place on
a maundrill, similar to my improved maundrill for turning off rollers, the body

page_text: or shaft to fit the holes or bearings at each end of the said tube, having
a fast cone or chuck at one end to fit the groove, and at the other a loose barrel
with chuck and cone shaft, and with a thread and nut to screw up and hold
it firm for turning. The body must be turned parallel to the exact diameter
required, but a little larger than the inside of the copper or other metal tube
The
or cylinder before it has been expanded on the expansion cylinder.
carriage of the turning lathe must be driven to the right or to the left as may
be required to give the said tube (which has to form the inner part of the roller)
the effect of a screw cut to meet or resist the driving power in turning off,
engraving, printing, or from expansion. By driving up to the projection or
fast collar the tube will be held fast; I then place the copper or other outside
tube or cylinder on the expansion and guiding cylinder heated by steam or
other means, and when sufficiently expanded to receive the inner tube, which
is fixed on a compound maundrill arranged for the purpose, and when the said
tube is screwed up on the maundrill it will be water-tight the same as the
roller on one of my printing maundrills described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to me, dated February 21st, 1857, No. 511: I employ the
water or other fluid to keep the tube cool and prevent the expansion.of, the inner
tube during the operation of inserting it into the outer tube of whatever metal
it may be. When the said outer tube is in a state of expansion from a high
temperature of heat from steam or other means, the maundrill, with the tube
screwed fast upon it, is then to be cottered to the piston rod or block hook,
or any other convenient means, and kept in a vertical position; the top flange or
chuck of the maundrill having a vent hole or valve to admit water
other fluid, and also to allow the escape
of the steam from
the water or other fluid, or compressed air when it may be over-
heated during the operation of inserting it into the copper or other cylinder.
I force the said inner tube into the interior of the outer tube up to its bed or
collar by the force of steam acting upon a piston, the steam expansion cylinder
descending as it becomes exhausted and forced by the piston of the upper
cylinder or instead of two separate tubes or cylinders I may employ one tube
or roller, which I submit to an improved rolling, forcing, and drawing process,
the power for which is obtained by the pressure of steam in cylinders placed at
one or both ends of the roller or maundrill, the roller moving through or
between two or more compressing rollers, which have the effect of compressing
and elongating the cylinder. The aforesaid tube or roller is made of copper,
brass, or composition metal, without iron or other metal tubes; it is cast in
the same way as rollers are at present, the hole to be nearly the size required
for the end bearings when finished; and also to be annealed and hammered for
.or
0

page_text: the purpose of elongation. It is then put upon a maundrill, and the outer crust
turned off and again annealed, after which it is fixed on the rolling maundrill
and placed on the rolling machine, the compressing rollers being set to the
distance so as to produce the exact diameter of the roller required. I then take
it off the rolling maundrill and put it on a turning maundrill placed in a lathe,
and then turn the roller parallel outside so as to fit the apparatus for holding
the rollers on the boring machine, the hole to be bored to the exact diameter
required for the bearings. I then, after the first hole is bored, remove the
boring rod and cutter, and put in the rod with an expanding cutter and cut
out the interior of the roller, leaving the end bearings of the required length
and form. The same remarks apply to the compound roller, the copper part
of the roller being the same shape, with iron ends for the grooves and
bearings.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying eight Sheets of Drawings with the figures and letters thereon.
In
Fig. 1, Ishew a longitudinal elevation of an improved boring machine for
cutting the interiors of 7 and %, rollers or cylinders made of copper or other
metal. Fig. 2 is an end view, and Fig. 3 a plan of the same. a is an
apparatus fixed on the body of the boring machine for holding 7, and %, copper
and other metal cylinders or rollers for boring; b, the boring rod with boring
head and cutter attached to it; c, the driving cone pulley to give different
speeds as may be required in boring; d, the main shaft for giving motion to
boring rod or rods; e, the lever for throwing the catch box in and out of
gear with the pinion wheels f, which are geared into wheels g, working in
tubular bearings. The interior of the wheels g, having a key or nib working
in longitudinal grooves or slots cut in the screws h, passing through the nuts;
i, k, are the holders or caps of the nuts i, which have to be removed in changing
or removing rollers and boring rods; m, the rollers or cylinders for boring;
n, the headstocks forming part of the same casting that holds the roller when
boring; o, the bearings for the main or driving shaft, and boring rod to work
through; p, the tubular bearings for the screws and boring rods to work
through, being truly bored to keep the connection of the screws and rods steady,
and free from vibration; one of the screws h is to drive up the cutter, and the
other retires at the same time for keeping it steady to its work. And when
boring iron or other inner tubes, right and left-handed screws and nuts with
suitable boring heads are employed to bore both ends at the same time.
Fig. 4 is a transverse, and Fig. 5, a longitudinal view of a boring rod and boring
head, having an expanding or extending cutter; r is the part of the compound
boring rod upon which is fitted the expanding cutting apparatus 8, capable of

page_text: in the tool
being thrown into an eccentric position, and screwed at the end in order to
receive the other part t, of the compound rod, the said part t having an internal
thread, so as to fit on to the screw of the other part t. The centre of the bear-.
ing of the boring rod is shewn at u, placed eccentric with the line of the shaft r,
so as to deepen the cut to the full extent according to eccentricity. The
screw forms an abutment to resist the cutter, the head of which moves in a
slot w; the said eccentric cutter commences to expand after it has entered
about four inches, and proceeds onwards to about four inches of the other end.
Fig. 6 is an end, and Fig. 7, a longitudinal view of a boring head for cutting
the interiors of 7, and %, copper, and other cylinders and rollers. In order to
perform a large quantity of work with certainty, I employ four cutters x, placed
at different distances from the centre, the said cutters being held
boxes y, by the conical pins z. Fig. 8 is an end,
and Fig. 9, a longitudinal view of an improved apparatus for cut-
ting and forming four tools or cutters at one time, after which four others are
cut until four sets of tools are completed, thereby making sixteen cutters.
Fig. 10 is a front view; Figs. 11 and 12, end views, and Fig. 13, a plan of a
machine for rolling compressing, and elongating copper or other metal rollers
or cylinders. After the roller has been bored and annealed so as to fit on to the
rolling maundrill a, and placed in the machine, the tubes b, which are capable
of being moved from the shaft ends c, on to the maundrill ends a, for the
purpose of taking the maundrill in and out. The tubes, shafts, and each end
of the maundrill have slots or cotter holes to cotter shafts and maundrill firmly
together at each end. I then screw up the compressing rollers d, from the
screws e, forced up by the cross lever, on the shaft g, having a pinion at each
end geared into wheels at each end of the screws e. The headstocks that hold
the compressing rollers move from the force of the screws e, on a
slide on the carriage i, of the machine. The part of the maun-
drill a, as seen at the collar h, must well fit the latter, and being of the same
diameter as the roller or cylinder, after passing between the compressing
rollers, will make a firm stay during the operation of rolling, the stays being
easy of removal for different sizes of rollers or cylinders. The maundrill a,
and the carriage i, are to be driven by wheels on each end of the main shaft j,
from the action of steam or other motive power, the same wheels gearing into
the wheels on each end of worms k, and worm wheels 1, each worm wheel
being fitted with a key working in grooves on the cross shaft m, having a
pinion n, fixed on it which gears into a rack a, firmly fixed on the body of the
machine p. The worm wheels I, are to be thrown in and out of gear of the worms
by a cross bar q, on each side of the carriage, the said cross bars being moved

page_text: by a right and left-handed
screw T. The carriage when out of
gear can be removed by the lever on the cross shaft m.
Fig. 14
is a transverse, and Fig. 15, a longitudinal view of cutters fixed
upon a holder or head for the purpose of making the cutters, and also for cut-
ting the grooves in the roller ends. Figs. 16 and 17, are views of cutter
frames and cutters for cutting the cones of maundrills. Fig. 18 is a longitudinal
external view of a machine for boreing cylinders. Fig. 19 is a plan of the upper
part. Fig. 20, a plan of the lower part, and Fig. 21, an end view of the same.
a is the apparatus for holding the rollers or cylinders of any size for boring;
b, the roller fixed ready to be bored; c, the head with the cutter holders;
d, the compound boring maundril; e, the driving shafts; f, the tubes which
connect the shafts and maundril, the said tubes forming the working bearings,
and being firmly connected by a cotter in each tube, and also being easy of
removal by slackening the screws of the sliding headstock g, and moving it
out of the way by the cross shaft h, having a pinion working into the rack i,
that is firmly fixed on the bed of the machine. If the cotters be removed
from the tubes f, on the sliding headstock g and fixed headstock i,
the said sliding headstocks g will carry the shaft through the tube
which supports the driving wheel, and be completely out of the
way. The carriage k supports the apparatus for holding the rollers
or cylinders for boring. On the main driving shaft are the wheels 1, 1, driven
by steam or other means; m are the wheels on the screws or worms n, driving
the worm wheels o on the cross shaft p, which has a pinion fixed firmly upon
it, and working into the rack i, and put in and out of gear by the cross shaft q,
having a right and left-handed screw working into the cross bars r; the
collars are to be removed, in order to allow the holding apparatus to pass
over the boring head of the maundril, as the boring maundril is not intended
to be removed.
Figs. 22 and 23 are views of a compound tension maundril for boring,
shewing a part in section. t is the tension part of the maundril, having a
hollow screwed tube; u is the other part of the maundril, with its end screwed
to fit into the above hollow screwed tube; v are squared ends, which fit into
the square holes of the shaft; w, the tube which carries the tool boxes for
holding the cutters.
Figs. 24, 25, and 26, are full-sized views of my improved compound boring
head connected with the compound tension maundril. a are the tool holders
or boxes; b, the set screws for tightening up the cutters; c, the four cutters all
operating on different parts of the circle at the same time, but I do not confine
myself to any particular number of cutters. The circles in the end view of tlio"

page_text: boring head shew the cuttings on the roller end. d represents No. 1; e, No. 2;
f, No. 3; and g, No. 4 cutters.
Fig. 27 represents a boring rod in the act of cutting a groove, and Fig. 28
the same boring rod, with a boring head upon it. When boring the bearings
of the iron or inner tube, I employ two boring rods, with boring heads to hold
the cutters and operate on both ends of the tubes at the same time by means
of right and left-handed screws driving up the boring rods and keeping them
steady to their work, the boring rod h having a screw i to tighten the cotters i
which hold the boring heads k on the boring rods. The cotters and m are
held firm to their places by the screw n. The tube is shewn with the cutters
operating upon it at o; the copper tube is seen at p, the apparatus for holding
it at q, and the headstock for supporting the boring rod at r. The same rods
when employed in cutting the grooves after the above boring, the boring head
has to be removed, and the grooving cutter being fixed in the rods and thereby
cutting the groove, as shewn at s, and tightened up by the screw t
Fig. 29 represents my improved apparatus' or machinery for placing rollers
a is the
or cylinders on iron tubes by means of expansion and contraction.
copper tube or cylinder to be expanded, placed upon the resisting block b,
which is changed according to the size of the cylinder, which cylinder is also
placed upon the guiding and expanding cylinder c, which can be changed for
the sizes required; the iron or other tube to be permanently fixed in the copper
cylinder and forming the inner part of the roller is shewn at d, upon the top
of which is the forcing cap e, its upper part forming a basin or receiver for
the condensed water. The forcing steam cylinder is shewn at f, and its piston
Steam enters the
rod at g, the lower end of which fits the forcing cap e."
pipe h, and is admitted by the tap or valve i to the interior of the bottom
cylinder employed for the purpose of raising the expanding cylinder c to its
proper position to receive its outer cylinder a, the expanding cylinder receiving
the steam at the same time. From the pipe h the steam arrives to the taps
or valves and . The tap k¹ admits the steam by the pipe m to the upper
part of the forcing cylinder above the piston, which steam is exhausted by the
pipe n passing through the valve or tap o. For raising the piston, steam is
admitted by the pipe p to the bottom of the cylinder by means of the tap l.
The steam from the lower cylinder is exhausted into the exhaust pipe n by
passing the valve or tap q. Regulating and safety valves are placed in a
desired position.
Fig. 30 is a longitudinal elevation, Fig. 31 a plan, and Fig. 32 an end view
of an improved mode of expanding, condensing, and fitting copper or other
composition rollers. After the copper rollers or cylinders have been bored and

page_text: turned true outside, I place them on a tubular maundril tapered at about one-
eighth of an inch to forty inches, or as may be required. I then place rollers
or cylinders made of copper or other metal on the said tubular maundril, having
grooves or otherwise as arranged in the Drawing, for holding steam for expand-
ing the said maundril when inserted into the interior of copper or other metal
tubes, the said copper or other tubes being turned to fit into the apparatus,
as shewn in the Drawing, and afterwards placed into the said apparatus and
firmly screwed down to resist the expansion of the roller from the.
expansion of the tubular maundril when heated by steam being blown through
it. The tubular maundril is shewn at a, the copper or other metal rollers or
cylinders at b, the resisting apparatus at c, the boss to admit steam or water
at d, the steam pipe at e, the water pipe at f, the maundril caps at g, the screw
to force up the caps and maundril into the rollers at h, and the screw to force
them out of the roller at i, and the bolts and nuts for holding the caps of the
apparatus at j.
Figs. 33 and 34 represent a tube with longitudinal grooves cut shallow and
square or a little dovetailed, the straight, round, or spiral groove being cut
square and lighter than the one across the tube. The longitudinal nuts are to
be formed by a tubular maundril, made exactly the same as the tubes, so that
they will fit well when they come together to be inserted into the copper or
other metal tubes when in a state of expansion.
Fig. 35 has a wave groove, cut square and made of any convenient distance
required, thus giving the effect of a right and left-handed screw.
Fig. 36 represents an iron tube having longitudinal grooves cut square, as
shewn in the Drawing, the copper or other tube to be placed on the inner
grooved tube by expansion..
Fig. 37 is a longitudinal, and Fig. 38 a cross section of short tubes for sup-
porting the ends of the rollers from expansion by the cones of the tubes being
inserted into the grooves cut into the ends of the copper or other metal rollers
or cylinders, the force required being obtained by a screw press or other suit-
able means.
Fig. 39 represents longitudinal views, shewing the right and left-handed
screw cut square at equal distances, so that the copper or other metal will give
way to the harder metal, thereby becoming tight. In every instance cold
water or other fluid is employed to prevent the expansion of the iron or inner
tubes during the operation of uniting it with the roller or cylinder.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth, as such may

page_text: be varied or modified without departing from the principle thereof; but I claim
as my Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge and belief has not
been hitherto used within the realm,--
First, the expanding cutter for boring the roller or cylinder so as to leave
the end bearing the required form.
Secondly, the compound boring head for holding two or more cutters for
boring seven-eighths or nine-eighths rollers..
Thirdly, the machinery or apparatus for making the said cutters, whether
for the larger boring rod or the smaller ones.
Fourthly, the construction of the compound boring maundril and head for
boring large cylinders.
Fifthly, the machinery or apparatus for putting iron or other metal or com-
position tubes into the copper rollers by means of contraction and expansion,
and the employment of water or other fluid for the purpose of keeping the
inner tube cool and prevent expansion of the metal.
Sixthly, cutting the grooves of iron or inner cylinders square or dovetailed
Seventhly, cutting the same in waves.
Eighthly, making the same equidistant, similar to right and laft-hand
screws.
Ninthly, the use of short tubes to support the ends of the rollers.
And, tenthly, the general arrangement and construction of the various
machines or apparatus for manufacturing rollers or cylinders, applicable for
printing purposes, as herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying
eight Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Barber, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Barber in the
presence of
E. J, HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOHN BARBER. (L.S.)