AN IMPROVED PEN
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Fayad, of Alexandria, Egypt, but at
present of 15, Water Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
fou la Invention of 66 Av Tunn Day 3
Sealed the 18th January 1876, and dated the 22nd July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Fayad at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1875.
I, JOSEPH FAYAD, of Alexandria, Egypt, but at present of 15, Water
Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PEN," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of an improved pen
to be used for the purpose of writing Oriental languages, such as
Turkish, Arabic, Hindostanee, Sanscrit, Chinese, Japanese, and other
Oriental languages that are written from right to left.
In writing such Oriental languages the present practice is to use pens
which are made from cane and cut with a nib, so that the operator_can

page_text: hold the pen nearly perpendicular and work against the grain of the
paper. Steel and quill pens as manufactured and known in this country
cannot be used, inasmuch, as being held perpendicularly and moved
from right to left, they invariably "spurt" and split the points.
. Now my Invention relates to manufacturing a pen of steel, glass,
chuna, or other hard and flexible material to be used for writing Oriental
languages as above described. I form the pen of the size required, and
stamp or otherwise cut the same into a suitable shape, by preference
with the nib long and rather flat, and divided in its centre with a long
thin slit, and the end of the nibs I cut diagonally, so that in writing
from right to left the nibs will work square against the grain without
spurting, also the scribe is enabled to vary the thickness of strokes,
which is of great importance in Oriental writing
65
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Joseph Fayad in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th January 1876.
TO.ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
FAYAD, of Alexandria, Egypt, but at present of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by ПTer
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Fayad, Her special licence,
that I, the said Joseph Fayad, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Fayad, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britam and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED PEN," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Fayad, my

page_text: excutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describo and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Fayad, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement
--
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of an improved pen
to be used for the purpose of writing Oriental languages, such as
Turkish, Arabic, Hindostanec, Sanscrit, Chinese, Japanese, and other
Oriental languages that are written from right to left
In writing such Oriental languages the present practice is to use pens
which are made from cane and cut with a nib so that the operator can
hold the pen nearly perpendicular and work against the grain of the
paper. Steel and quill pens as manufactured and known in this country
cannot be used, inasmuch, as being held perpendicularly and moved
from right to left, they invariably "spurt" and split the points.
Now my Invention relates to manufacturing a pen of steel, gold, or
other suitable metal, glass, china, or other material to be used for writing
Oriental languages as above described. I form the pen of the size required
and stamp or otherwise cut the same into a suitable shape, by preferenco
with the nib long and thick, with a gradually increasing concave inner
surface develloping into a barrel or suitable stem to fit a holder, the nib
being divided in its centre with a slit terminating in a triangular aperture
or slot.
The end of the nibs I cut diagonally. The scribe is thus
enabled to vary the thickness of strokes, which is of great importance
in Oriental writing.
The nibs are made smooth at their ends so as not to catch or scratch
against the paper when writing The nibs from their thickness being
less flexible than ordinary pens, and the peculiar formation of the slot
being triangular, the point of the pen is kept slightly supplied with mk
so as to enable the writer to write evenly and not to drop or mako
blots.

page_text: triangular slot, such as E, and having a gradually increasing concave
inner surface, such as C, the whole substantially such as shown and
illustrated at Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings, and for the
purposes described in the before-going Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Fayad, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twentieth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.