CERTAIN IMPROVE. MENTS IN LOCKS AND OTHER FASTENINGS."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Winkler.
Winkler. of No. 583. Gumpendorf.
Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE.
MENTS IN LOCKS AND OTHER FASTENINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Winkler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents. with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1861.
1. MICHAEL WINKLER. of No. 583, Gumpendorf. Vienna. in the Empire
of Austria. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND OTHER FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in a system of discs, both sliding and revolving.
contained in a fixed barrel or cylinder. forming the front part of a lock or
other fastening, which barrel or cylinder has formed on its inner side a number
of circular grooves or projections. By introducing the key corresponding
with the lock, the before-mentioned discs are each separately depressed in such
a manner that each one shall come into a position corresponding with that of
one of the circular incisions or projections on the inner circumference of the
fixed barrel. The discs being furnished either with certain projections corre-
sponding with the circular incisions in the barrel, or with incisions correspond-
ing with circular projections on the barrel, it follows that when they are
brought into the above-described position they are capable of being moved
round their respective projections entering the respective grooves in the barrel,
or vice versa, and thus the moveable part to which these discs are attached is
free to follow the circular motion imparted to it by turning the key, and actuates

page_text: the moving of the bolt of the lock. False grooves or projections are made in
the fixed barrel, which render the picking of this lock impossible.
On the accompanying Drawings, which serves to explain this Invention
more fully, are shewn several arrangements of my Invention, which, however,
admits of infinite variations; and I wish it to be understood that I in no way
limit myself to the arrangements as shewn on the Drawing accompanying
this my Provisional Specification, as they are simply intended to shew the
general principle of my Invention.
Figure represents an arrangement in which four discs are employed.
A shows a part plan of the top of the fixed barrel; B is a transverse section
of the same, shewing the four real circular grooves a, b, c, d, and the four cor-
responding discs e, f, g, h, C, D, are detached views of the discs; and E is
a part plan of the under side of the barrel.
It will be seen that there are two descriptions of grooves in the barrel,
namely, besides those, a, b, c, d, into which the discs work when brought into
position by the key, there are two false grooves i, j, which serve to catch the
discs without their being able to turn in them should the discs be depressed
without the proper key. The inner moveable part consists of two or more
guides, k, which are attached at the bottom to the moveable plate 1, and at
the top to the key-hole plate m by means of the screws n, n. The central
pino is fixed in the bottom disc h, and passes up through the centre of the
cylindrical portions r, r, r, of the discs e, f, g, to the height of the keyhole q
and passes at the bottom into the plate 1.
The spiral spring s, kept in place
against the key-hole plate m, and
The guide springs t, t, t, serve to
by the pin o, presses the discs e, f, g, h,
thus keeps the key-hole completely closed.
guide the discs e, f, g, on their being depressed by the action of the key, so as to
maintain them in their proper position, and these are for this purpose provided
with notches, as indicated at C, the bottom disc h being held sufficiently by
the spiral spring s; the bottom of the barrel B is closed by the disc #, through
which the lever pin p passes.
Figure 1. shews the key to this lock; the tube forms a cover to the
inner portion v, which is provided with a series of shoulders x, y, z, z, which
shoulders serve to depress each of the corresponding dises e. . g. h, separately
when the key is put in the lock. The stud a' on the tube fits into the
turning of the lock. On introducing the
notch b, Figure 1., and effects the
key into the lock, the pin o and tubes r, r, r, and with them the discs
e, f, g, h, are depressed in the following manner:--The shoulder of the key
depresses the disc until it is opposite the groove d; the shoulder z depresses
the disc g until it is opposite the groove
the shoulder y brings the disc /

page_text: opposite the groove b, and the shoulder brings the disc e opposite the
groove a. When brought into these positions. the projections on the discs
can enter their respective grooves in the fixed barrel B, and the moveable
part, can be turned round by means of the key as often as the motion of
the bolt or bolis requires.
Figure 1. shews in what manner the bolt of a lock may be acted upon by
n lever on the pin p. shewn in Figure I. I represents the bolt: 2. the lever;
3, the catch; 4, the spring of the same: 5, 6, 7, the distance pieces upon
which the bottom of the barrel rests: 8. 9. screw holes for fixing same. It
will be evident that any number of the before-mentioned discs may be used in
one barrel, the same having a corresponding number of grooves, as also that
any number of false grooves may be employed, and that their position with
regard to the real grooves may be infinitely varied. As already stated, the
barrel may have circular projections and the discs furnished with corresponding
groves, in which case they may be formed as shewn in Figure VI.. the
grooves being either square, as at N. or V-shaped as at N', or of any other form.
Other arrangements of my Invention are shewn in Figures IV. and V. In
Figure IV.. G shews the plan of a disc. to which H is the corresponding key:
E. E. are the projections fitting into the grooves of the barrel; F is a hole in
the disc. which may be either central or eccentric, and the size of which
varies in a corresponding manner to the shoulders . z.. z. of the key H. The
recess 3 in the bottom of the key fiis on to a pin attached to the bottom disc
in a similar manner to Figure 1. and thus depresses the same.
In Figure V. is shewn another modification both of the form of the discs.
as also that of the key. The disc has three projections 8, 8, 8, and is
provided with three hole 5, 5, 5, through which three guides pass, having
spiral springs bearing against the plates. The holes mare provided to allow
the portions n', o', p', of the key K to pass through to act upon the disc or
discs underneath.
All these arrangements admit, of course, of great variation as regards the
shape and number of the discs, the number and form of projections on the
same, and their form may be concentric, excentric, or elliptic, or of any form,
and in turning in the fixed barrel they may project out through an opening in
the said barrel, and by this means operate the motion of the bolt. The shape
of the key, and the manner in which it acts upon the discs, may also be
greatly varied, likewise the depth to which the discs may be depressed, and
the number and shape of the false and real grooves in the fixed barrel, and
their relative position, and, lastly, the manner of guiding the discs, the
number and form of guides, and spira! or other springs.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Leiters Patent, filed
by the said Michael Winkler in the Great Seal Pateni Office on the
2nd November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. MICHAEL
WINKLER, of No. 583. Gumpendorf. Vienna. in the Empire of Austria. send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, hearing date the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did. for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Michael Winkler. Her special licence that I. the said Michael Winkler.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Michael
Winkler, my executors. administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend. within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE.
MENTS IN LOCKS AND OTHER FASTENINGS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Michael Winkler, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my. or their, or one of their hands and seals. should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Oflice within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael Winkler, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
This Invention consists of a system of discs, having either projections or
grooves on their edges. placed one upon the other inside a fixed barrel forming
the front part of a lock or other fastening, which discs, on the introduction of
the key, are by the same caused to pass down the barrel until each one arrives
opposite a corresponding circular groove or projection in or on the inner
surface of the barrel, and then on turning the key the projections or grooves
on the before-mentioned discs are caused to enter into and revolve in the
aforesaid grooves or projections in the barrel; this latter having also longitudinal
grooves, in which the projections on the discs move up and down before or

page_text: after entering the circular grooves.
The discs are attached to and guided in
their upward or downward motion by an inner frame or slotted cylinder, which
is capable of revolving with the discs inside the fixed barrel when the discs are
depressed to their respective circular grooves, but which is prevented from
revolving when the discs are not before their corrsponding grooves, owing to
the projections on the same being then situate in the longitudinal grooves of
the barrel, and which cylinder, by having attached to it a pin carrying either a
lever or a cam plate, on being caused to revolve. operates the throwing
forward or backward of the bolt of any known construction of lock in any
suitable known manner. Besides the circular grooves or projections into
which the projections or grooves of the discs pass. the fixed barrel has a
number of false grooves or notches so formed that if, in the endeavour to pick
the lock the discs are depressed without the proper key their projections will
enter the same without being capable of revolving in them, thus misleading
the operator, and rendering the lock incapable of being picked. When
the key is not inserted in the lock the discs are all pushed up close together
against the keyhole plate by means of a spring fixed between the bottom
of the revolving cylinder and the under side of the bottom disc. and each disc.
with the exception of the bottom one. is provided with drag springs to prevent
its falling down in the barrel unless it is first pushed down by the key.
The key of my improved lock has formed upon its barrel a series either of
shoulders, projections. studs, or slits of different heights, each of which fits
against and depresses a corresponding disc in the barrel, so as to bring it into
proper position when the key is pushed in; it is further furnished with a small
projection or stud on one side, which enters a corresponding notch in the inner
moveable frame or cylinder, in which the discs are held, and causes the same
to revolve. actuating thereby the motion of the bolt of the lock in any suitable
manner.
It will be readily perceived that the form of the discs, the form of the
incisions or projections on the fixed barrel, the number of discs and grooves,
their relative distances apart, and the manner in which they are acted upon
by the key, admit of almost infinite variations, and that in two of these locks.
though they may be in all other respects precisely similar to one another, if
the relative distance between two of the circular grooves in the barrel of the
one dock he only in the slightest degree different to that of the other lock,
then the key of the one lock will not effect the opening of the other one,
because it will depress the corresponding disc either too far beyond its proper
groove or not far enough.

page_text: Another advantage of this system of locks is the very small size to which
the key of even the largest locks may be reduced.
If the discs are depressed by an instrument in endeavouring to pick the
lock, the discs will become tilted on one side, and will easily catch in the false
grooves in the barrel.
On the accompanying Drawing are shewn several of the various modes of
construction of which my improved lock is susceptible.
Figures 1 to 14 shew the various details of one arrangement; similar letters
indicate similar parts in all the Figures.
Figure shews a detached view of the key a, the shoulders b, c, d, e, of
which act respectively on the discs b, c, d. e. as seen in Figure 2. which shews
a longitudinal section through the fixed barrel, the revolving inner frame or
cylinder and the disés b, c, d, e, with the key a inserted, and the dises
depressed and turned, so that the projections of the discs enter the corre
sponding grooves in the barrel k.
Figure 4 shows a detached view of the inner revolving cylinder or frame i,
which carries the discs b, c, d. e; Figure 3 is a plan of the top, and Figure 5
is a plan of the bottom of the same. It has attached to it a pin m, upon
which may be formed the lever for moving the bolt of the lock or other
fastening, or it may have attached to it a cam plate for that purpose, as is well
understood. q is a spiral spring pressing against the under side of the disc e.
and thus pushing all the discs up close together. as shewn when the key is not
inserted is a noich in the top plate of the revolving frame i, into which
the stud of the key a fits, and by which the frame i. and with it the discs
b, c, d, e, are caused to revolve.
In Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 are shown respectively the discs b, c, d, e,
detached in plan and side views; they are colored respectively blue red, green,
and yellow. For easy reference s, t, u, v, are the projections on the same.
which protrude beyond the revolving cylinder i. as seen in Figure 4, and
which, whilst being depressed by the key, slide down the longitudinal
grooves z, z, in the fixed barrel, seen more clearly in Figures 6 and 14,
which shew respectively a detached longitudinal section and a sectional plan of
the barrel. When depressed to the proper extent, these projections on the
discs b, c, d, e, are capable of entering the circular grooves b, c, d, e, in the
barrel k, thus permitting of the turning of the cylinder i, and consequent
opening or closing of the lock or other fastening. It will be seen that portions
of the projections s, t, u, v, are stepped down; these parts correspond with the
depth of the false grooves f, g, h; in the barrel k, the object of which is, that

page_text: should the discs be depressed without the proper key in attempting to pick
the lock, the operator should be deceived by the disc arriving opposite one of
these grooves. and would cause the disc to catch in the same without being
able to revolve in it, as this would be prevented by the shoulder of the greater
projection.
Each of the discs b. c. d, e, is actuated by a corresponding shoulder on the
barrel of the key as seen in Figure 2. and in the detached view of the key at
Figure 1 they are provided for this purpose with the holes 9. 10. 11. through
which the diminished diameter of the key barrel passes. as shewn. The disc e
has also a small hole in the centre. through which passes the central pin 12.
fixed to the bottom plate of the cylinder i. At the edge of the holes in the
discs b, c. and e. are formed small projecting studs t. 2. and 3. equal in height
to the thickness of the discs. Small notches 4 and 6 are formed at the edges
of the holes in the discs and d. to make room for these studs on the discs c
and e, when they are all pushed close together by the spring q. The barrel
of the key is also provided at the respective shoulders with corresponding
notches for these studs, as shewn at 7 and 8 in Figure 1. This arrangement
admits of a great number of locks and keys being made precisely similar in
all respects, with the exception of the position of these studs on the discs, and
yet the key of one lock not being able to unlock another one. as it will be
readily seen that if a key is introduced in which the notches do not exactly
correspond with the stands on the discs. then these latter will be depressed
beyond their proper grooves by the shoulders of the key coming against these
studs instead of against the discs themselves. Small drag or guide springs ..
are attached to the under side of each of the discs b, c, d, which springs press
against the inside of the moveable cylinder i. and prevent the discs falling
down when on the introduction of the key the bottom disc e, and with it the
spring q. is depressed. The springs on the upper discs pass downwards
through the notches 2, z, formed in the edges of the lower discs. The
discs b, c, d, e, are introduced in the first instance into the revolving cylinder i
by making the bottom plate of the cylinder with the spindle 12 and lever
pin m of a separate piece, which is fixed on after the discs are in place. The
revolving cylinder is held in the fixed barrel by means of the plate y shewn
detached at Figure 11, which is fixed to the barrel by means of screws, and
is provided with a central hole for the passage of the lever pin m, as shewn in
Figure 2. Figure 12 shews a plan of the under side of the barrel k, with
the plate y fixed. Figure 13 shews a plan of the top of the barrel k. 13 is
the keyhole, which is notched out, as shewn, for the stud on the barrel of the
key to pass through.

page_text: Another arrangement of my improved lock is shewn in Figures 15 10 25.
Figure 15 shews a detached view of the key: Figure 16 shews a longitudinal
section through the fixed barrel. . revolving cylinder and discs b, c. d, e.
Figures 17. 18. 19, shew respectively a plan at top, a side elevation, and plan
underneath of the revolving cylinder j. with discs b, c, d, e. Figures 20. 21, 22,
23. shew respectively in plan and side view each of the discs b, c, d. e. detached:
they are colored respectively blue, red. green, and yellow for easy reference.
Figure 24 shews a detached plan of the bottom plate y, and Figure 25 shews
a plan underneath of the barrel k.
The principal difference between this arrangement and the one just described
consists in the manner in which the key a acts upon the discs b, c, d. e.
These latter are here provided with small tubes q, r, s, t, of such proportioned
diameters that they fit consecutively one into the other when the discs are put
together. The length of these tubes also vary, so that when the key is not
inserted and the discs are pushed up together they present a level surface at
the key-hole. entirely closing the same, with the exception of the notch for the
stud on the key. as seen in Figures 17 and 18. The key u. Figure 15, is
provided with a tube a, a, covering the stepped part of the barrel by which
this is protected both from injury, as also from impressions being easily taken
of the same: . g. h. i. . are the false grooves in the barrel, which correspond
with the lesser projections 1, 1. 1, on the discs b, c, d. e. The greater pro-
jections m, n, 0, p. on these discs correspond with their respective grooves in
the barrel, and revolve in the same when actuated by the key as shewn in
Figure 16. In other respects this arrangement is similar to that already
described.
Figures 26 to 35 shew the various details to another arrangement of my
improved lock Figure 26 shews an elevation and plan underneath of the key a;
Figure 27 shews a longitudinal section of the fixed barrel detached; Figure 35
shews a sectional plan of the same; Figure 28 shews a detached view of the
inner revolving frame h, o. and discs b, c, d, e. 1; Figure 29 shews a plan of
the same without the discs: Figures 30, 31, 32, 33. 34. shew in plan the
various discs b. c. d. e, f, detached, which are colored respectively blue, red.
green, yellow. and purple, for easy reference. This arrangement differs from
those above described both in the form of the key. the manner in which it
acis upon the various discs, the number of discs, the number of projections on
the same. and the construction of the inner revolving frame. This latter
consists of the plate o. o, with the lever pin m, into which plate are fixed the
three guide spindles h, h, h. The discs b, c, d, e, J, are each provided with
three holes 1, 2, ³, h, h, corresponding with the guide spindles of the

page_text: frame on which they slide up and down. After the discs are placed on these
spindles the latter are either rivetted or provided with a screwed nut or any
ollier suitable contrivance ai for preventing the discs coming off. The
discs b. c, d, e, f, are each further provided with three projections i, k, l, p, q,
which slide up and down in the longitudinal grooves r, r, r, in the barrel g,
and when depressed to the proper extent can turn in the grooves b, c, d, e, f,
in the projections, s, s, s, of the barrel false grooves are here also provided as
described with reference to the preceding arrangements. The discs when not
depressed by the key are pushed up against the key-hole by the spring t; each
disc may be actuated by a separate thin spiral spring, which are then all con-
tained one within the other inside the one shewn at in Figure 28 which acts
upon the bottom disc f. The central holes of the lower discs would then be
made larger than indicated to allow the respective springs to pass through to
the upper discs. The manner in which the discs are acted upon by the key a
in order to depress them to their respective grooves in the barrel is as follows:--
The barrel of the key is hollow and is slit up as shewn into six parts. These
parts on insertion of the key into the lock all pass through the six corre-
sponding holes u, u, u, in the disc b, Figure 30, until the shoulders 1, 1, 1,
colored blue in plan at the bottom of the slits come in contact with the
bars 1, 1, 1. whereby this disc is depressed. Three of the parts of the key
barrel are forined with shoulders marked 2, 2, 2, and colored red on plan, and
these on passing through the first disc come in contact with the parts of the
disc c, marked 2, 2, 2. and depress the same. The extremities of these parts
of the barrel, which are formed cylindrical, and are marked 3, 3, 3, and colored
green on plan, pass through the round holes e, c, e, in the disc c. and come in
contact with the paris 3, 3, 3, of the disc d and depress the same; the other
three portions of the key barrel pass through the openings c, c, c, in disc c,
and 2, z, z, in disc d, and depress the disc e by means of the shoulders 4, 4, 4,
colored yellow on plan, coming in contact with the parts 4, 4, 4. Lastly, the
extremities of these three parts of the barrel, which are formed cylindrical and
are marked 5, 5, 5, and colored purple on plan, pass through the circular
holes V, U, V, in disc e, and come in contact with the parts 5, 5, 5. of disc /.
depressing the same. It will be understood that the order in which the discs
are depressed on the insertion of the key is just the reverse to that to that
which was adopted for the sake of clearness in the above description.
Figures 36 to 42 shew a similar arrangement of my improved lock to that
just described. Figure 36 shews plan and elevation of the key, which may be
so that the
made of gold and worn as an ornament; it has a swivel at
barrel can be turned up into the horse-shoe formed loop. Figure 37 shews a

page_text: section through the fixed barrel; Figure 38 shews the inner revolving frame
with the three discs b, c, d Figure 39 shews a plan of the frame:
Figures 40, 41, 42, shew the discs b, c, d, detached. The barrel of the key
is here divided only into four parts which act upon the discs in a similar
manner to the just described arrangement.
Figures 43 to 46 shew an arrangement of my Invention, which may be
employed for closing up the key-holes of other insecure locks. Figure 43 shews
a plan and elevation of the key, which is grooved as shewn at h. the holes in
the discs having corresponding projections: Figure 44 shews a longitudinal
section through the barrel a, which, instead of forming the front part of a
lock as in the other arrangements, is elongated and carries the pins c, c,
on which are the levers b, b. One end of these levers works in the spiral
grooves c, c, in the plate d, Figure 45, fixed to the inner revolving barrel;
the other ends are provided with sharpened projections f, . Figure 46
shews detached views of these levers. On turning the inner cylinder with the
discs round in one direction the ends, are brought together as shewn:
these are then inserted into the keyhole of the lock, and on turning the key
round in the reverse direction they are pushed asunder, the projections J. 1,
either hooking behind the keyhole plate or entering the wood of the door or
other object on which the insecure lock is fixed.
Figures 47 and 48 shew two different arrangements of keys with various
shoulders, slits, and grooves in the barrels to suit the different patterns of the
discs of corresponding locks.
In Figures 49 to 60 is shewn another arrangement of my improved lock.
The principal feature in which this arrangement differs from those before
described consists in the various forms which are imparted to the projections
. . as also to the various apertures, on the discs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, which
are in this case of greater thickness than those in the before-described
arrangements. The barrel of the key K shewn in plan and elevation in
Figure 1. is also different to those before described, the sectional foran of the
same being varied as shewn in the various transverse sections in Figures 66,
each of which corresponds with the particular form of the hole in the disc through
which it has to pass. Figure 49 shews a plan and a longitudinal section through
the fixed barrel A, forming the front part of a lock or other fastening with
the revolving cylinder 0. 0, and discs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 6. inserted. Figure 50
shews a plan and longitudinal section of the barrel A detached. B, C, D, E.
F, G. are the real grooves, in which the projections . . . of the corresponding
discs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. enter when depressed into their respective positions and
turped round by the key. a, b, c, d, e, f, g, are the false grooves, in which the

page_text: lesser projections h, hh, on the discs can enter without the discs being able to
revolve in the same, as they are stopped by the greater projections f. f.
U, U. are the longitudinal grooves in the barrel, seen also in the plan from
below Figure 63, in which grooves the projections on the discs slide up and
down when actuated by the key after or before being made to revolve in their
grooves by the same. Figure 52 shews a plan and elevation of the inner
revolving cylinder 0 detached, with the discs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Figure 53
shews a plan from below of the same: Figure 54 shews a plan and elevation
of the same cylinder 0 without the discs: and Figure 55 shews a sectional
plan of the same. The top plate M of this cylinder is provided with a star-
shaped keyhole N, corresponding with the section of the key K; P is the
notch in which the stud or beard i of the key fits. to effect the turning of the
cylinder: Q. Q. are the slits in the cylinder 0. through which the projections
of the discs protrude, and by which the discs are guided in their motion; W is
the pin, to which is attached either a lever or a cam plate. the revolution of
which effects the shooting backward or forward of the bolt of the lock or
other fastening in any suitable known manner. The pin. W is perforated in
admit of the passage of the rod attached to the disc 6. Figure 65 shews
the spiral spring H. which presses upon the bottom surface of the disc 6, and
pushes all the discs up against the top plate M of the cylinder 0; the bottom
part of this cylinder is removeable for the introduction of the discs and spring.
Figures 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61. shew in plan and side view the various discs
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. detached. These discs, with the exception of 6. are provided
with small drag springs r. r. r, which are rivetted into the small apertures u. 1.
seen on plan. These springs are made to press against the inner surface of
the cylinder 0. and thus prevent the upper discs falling down when the lowest
one, 6, and with it the spring His depressed by the key. Small notches s, s, s.
are provided in the edges of the discs to allow of the passage of these springs.
The opening in the disc 1, corresponds with the portion
opening m in the disc 2 corresponds with the portion
opening in the disc 3 corresponds with the portion
opening o' in the disc 4 corresponds with the part o of the key: the opening e
in the disc 5 permits of the passage of the rod attached to the disc 6, and
of the key; the
of the key: the
of the key: the
the rod of the disc 6 corresponds with the hole q in the key. From this it
will be seen that on the introduction of the key into the lock, the rod v of disc
6 will first pass into the hole q of the key until it comes in contact with the
bottom of this hole. colored orange on the plan of the key, and figured 6 on
the elevation: on further insertion of the key the disc 6 will therefore be
depressed until it arrives opposite its proper groove G in the barrel A. During

page_text: this time the bottom surface of the part o of the key, colored purple on plan,
and figured 5 on elevation, will have come in contact with the disc 5. and
depressed it to its groove F; the shoulders 4 of the key, colored yellow on
plan. will have come in contact with the disc 4 and depressed it to its
groove E; the shoulders 3 of the key. colored green on plan, will have
depressed the disc 3 to its groove D: the shoulders 2 of the key, colored red
on plan, will have depressed the disc 2 to its groove C; and the shoulders 1
of the key, colored blue on plan, will have depressed the disc to its groove B.
the part of the key at the same time passing through the correspondingly-
formed keyhole N of the cylinder 0; this latter may now be caused to revolve,
the discs at the same time entering their respective grooves in the barrel. It will
be seen that the discs 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. are all hallowed out at t. t. on the under
side the object of this is to prevent impressions being taken with wax of the
various openings in the discs, as wax would, when pressed in, get underneath
the discs, and prevent the mould from coming out entire. Figure 62 shews an
external view of the barrel A; Figure 63 shews a plan
same and Figure 64 shews a detached view of the
screwed on to the bottom of A, and serves to keep the cylinder 0, 0, in
its place.
from below of the
plate Y. which is
In Figures 67 and 68 is shewn a rim lock with my improved safety lock
attached. Figure 67 shews the top plate o. with the safety lock attached to
it this may contain any of the herein-before described arrangements by which
the spindle or pin p is made to revolve. The upper portion of this pin is
formed flat, and fits into the groove in the revolving stud q, fixed to the bottom
plate b of the lock, Figure 68. so that on being turned round by the key it
carries the stud q with it. On this stud is the lever e, which, on turning.
operates the raising of the tumbler g'. and the shooting of the bolt i, as is well
understood. The tumbler g' is guided by the studs . 1, fixed to the plaie d:
c is the spring. which presses the tumbler g' down into the notches 1, 2, 3, of
the bolt i
It frequently occurs. particularly in heavy locks, that by rapid locking or
unlocking, the tumbler does not catch in the notches 1, 2. 3. owing to the
overshooting of the bolt i. To ensure the tumbler catching into these notches
both the bolt and the tumbler g' are hollowed out on their meeting surfaces.
and in the space thus formed are placed two plates g, h, which may be called
"auxiliary tumblers," meeting at the edges, and cui out. as shown. for the
admission of the double-ended lever f. turning on a pin r fixed to the bolt i.
These plates are alternately pushed up by the lever e at the same time that it
moves the tumbler g' and boli i, and by the action of the double lever f. as

page_text: one plate is moved up the other one comes down. Each of the auxilliary
tumblers g. h. has a small projection m. n, at the bottom. Supposing, now,
that the bolti has been pushed forward to half lock, by the rotation of the
lever e, as shewn in the Figure, which is the position in which the over-
shooting occurs, then the plate g will have been raised, by which h will have
been lowered, and its projection n. when the bolt arrives at half lock, will
catch against the stud 1. effectually preventing the overshooting of the bolt and
ensuring the tumbler falling into the notch 2. When the bolt i is again to
be shot forward the lever first raises the plate h, by which the projection n is
raised clear of the stud 1, and then raises the tumbler g' clear of the notch 2,
which will afterwards again drop into the notch 3, when the bolt i is shot
forward; at the same time the plate will have come down. If the bolt i is
moved back again to half lock, the plate still being down, the projection m
will come.against the stud . and again prevent the bolt from overshooting: at
the second turn of the key the plate g is raised, and the projection m is then
clear of the sind k.
Figure 70 shews a morlice lock similar in arrangement to the rim lock just
described, but with two of my improved protector locks attached so that it can
be locked or unlocked from either side. The cover plate is removed. Figure 69
shews a side view of the same with my improved locks s, s. fixed on either side.
The pin on the revolving cylinder of each of these is attached to a separate sind.
of which only one, y. is visible, the other being immediately beneath it each
of these studs is provided with. a lever h. i. which consequently revolve inde-
pendently of each other, but which are placed close together so that they both
separately actuate one and the same boli q. at the same time raising the
immbler which passes down on either side of the bolt q: in order to allow
of this being done the levers also raise one or other of the auxilliary tumblers
c, d, which are similar in arrangement to those described with reference to
Figure 68. It will be seen from the just described arrangement that if the
double tumbler u has been raised and the bolt i shot forward by one or the
other of the levers i. h, actuated by the one or the other of the safety locks 8, 8,
then, though the key may have been left in that particular safety lock. the
bolt q may nevertheless he shot back again by the action of another key
introduced into the other safely lock on the other side. As the position of
the stud on the key on the introduction of the same into the lock corresponds
with the position of the lever actuated by it, it follows that the key can only
remain in the lock when its stud. and consequently also the lever, is partly
turned as shewn in the position at , for when it is in the vertical position the
key will be driven out of the lock by the spiral spring acting upon the discs.

page_text: The lever
will therefore in this position be no hindrance to the action of the
lever on the bolt q. tumbler 1, and auxilliary tumblers c and d. The spring b
presses the fumbler u into the notches of the bolt; the tumbler is guided
by means of the studs r, m, and r, beiween which two latter the projection
of the tumbler slides; e is the pin fixed in the bolt q upon which the double-
ended lever nctuating the auxilliary tumblers works: and are the pro-
jecting portions of the latter which catch respectively against the studs 1 and m
when the bolt is at half lock, to prevent the latter being overshot; 1, 2, 3,
are distance pieces against which the cover plate of the lock fits, and in which
screws are inserted: is a screw. the action of which will be explained in
reference to Figure 71, which is a plan of the same mortice lock with the cover
plate fixed, shewing in what manner my improved safety lock is attached to it.
As mortice locks have to be pushed into a narrow mortice prepared for them in
the door or other object to which they are fitted. it follows that the barrels
containing my protector lock cannot be attached to them in the first instance
before being inserted into the mortice, and that therefore the mortice lock
must first be inserted without them, and then the protector locks must be
inserted transversely through holes prepared to receive them, and made fasi to
the lock. The manner of doing this will now be described.
At the bottom of the outer surface of the barrel the protector locks 8. S.
is formed a circular groove similar to that indicated in Figure 37; on the
cover plates o of the mortice lock are fixed plates having curved project-
ing edges which fit into the grooves of the barrels s; sliding plates pare
placed opposite to the plates '. being guided by fixed pins working in the
slotted portions q, r, of the plate. and by being fitted against the bevilled
edges of the plate w'. Each of these plates has a study attached to it, which
pass through slots p' in the cover plates o, and are fixed round a neck on the
screw screwed into the front plate z of the lock. By this arrangement on
turning the screw with a screwdriver the plates p are made to approach or
recede from the plates . The inner edges of the plates p are also curved
and fit into the grooves in the barrels s. so that when the mortice lock is
inserted, and the barrels s are put in through their circular side holes, the
sliding plates p are made io advance by turning the screw, and entering the
grooves of the barrels s; these are thereby fixed to the mortice lock, steadying
pins t, t, being provided to ensure their coming on the right place. and to
prevent their turning round after being so fixed. I do not claim any of the
before-described arrangements relating to ordinary tumbler locks, nor the
different arrangements shewn for adapting and fixing my improved protector
lock to ordinary rim and mortice locks, as these were only mentioned and

page_text: described to shew how this adaptation could be carried out. It will be evident
that my improved lock may also be adapted to latch locks, padlocks, or any
other kind of fastening.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed. I wish to be understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details or arrangements as shewn on the accompanying
Drawing, as it will be readily perceived that these improved locks admit of
almost infinite variation, both as regards the number of discs in the lock, of
which in some cases there may be only one, the form or contour of the same (as
they may even consist simply of a bar instead of an actual disc), the number and
form of the projections or incisions on the edges of the same, which projections
may also be simply pins fixed in the edges of the discs, the relative distances
to which the discs may be depressed, the manner in which they are acted
upon by the key, the number and arrangement of the false grooves in the
barrel, which may also be simply notches in the sides of the longitudinal
grooves, and lastly, the form of the inner revolving cylinder or frame; but what
I claim under the before in part recited Letters Patent is, the construction of
locks or other fastenings wherein any number of discs or their equivalents
furnished with projections or incisions are caused by the introduction of the
proper key to arrive before corresponding grooves or projections on the inner
surface of a barrel in which these discs are situated, and which discs are, on
turning the said key, caused to enter into and revolve in or on the said grooves
or projections of the barrel substantially as hercin-before described with refer-
ence to the accompanying Drawing, such locks being made of any suitable
material, and employed either by themselves alone, with the simple addition of
a bolt and lever, as herein-before explained, or in conjunction with any other
description of locks or fastenings, and for any purpose for which locks or other
fastenings may be used.
In witness whereof, 1. the said Michael Winkler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
(L.S.) As witness,
JULIUS FRIEDBERGER.
(L.S.) MICHAEL WINKLER.