IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Monjot, of Signy-Labbaye (Ardennes), France,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 23rd June 1876, and dated the 31st March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Monjot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1876.
JULES MONJOT, of Signy-Labbaye (Ardennes), France, Manufacturer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The chief cause of the defects which are still met with in cloths or fabrics woven
in looms as now constructed is attributed to the irregular unwinding of the warp
froin its beam. Notwithstanding the best regulated pressures on the beam it has
hitherto been impossible to get the warp to unwind with equal tension in relation
to the winding of the cloth or fabric.
Now my Invention is intended to overcome this difficulty, and it consists
essentially in the employment of two drawing rollers arranged to take hold of the
warp as it leaves the beam, one of them being driven by the same mechanism
which actuates the drawing roller for the cloth or fabric.
made
The mechanism which I prefer for this purpose has for its principal organ a shaft
furnished at its ends with two endless screws gearing with endless screw wheels
keyed on the shafts of the rollers, the movement of which has to be put in com-
munication. By this mode of action of the screws the transmission
without shock, and in a progressive and continuous manner, which prevents any
backward movement of the cloth. To the cloth drawing roller furnished with glass
I add a second roller, likewise furnished with glass, driven by the friction of the:
first roller, and intended to increase the adherence of the cloth, in order to prevent
slipping. The cloth beam is provided with a ratchet wheel on which a weighted
lever acts.
Such being the nature and general features of my Invention I proceed to describe
more particularly the manner in which it may be carried into effect.
The warp on leaving the beam passes around and between two rollers which
press and draw it, while causing it to unwind. These rollers are placed nearly in"
the same horizontal line; they have their spindles or axes arranged in sliding
supports connected to or forming part of the frame of the loom. They can thus be
гр

page_text: moved nearer together or farther apart, according to the thickness or tension of the
warp while remaining firm by two toothed wheels which gear together, and are
situated at the other side of the loom. One of these drawing rollers receives its
movement from the regulator by an inclined shaft; this shaft has at its ends two
endless screws gearing respectively with screw wheels keyed on the spindles of the
said drawing roller and of the cloth drawing roller. The shaft is itself driven by
pinions, one of which is on the spindle of the ratchet wheel of the ordinary
regulator. The gearing is calculated so that the warp drawing roller and cloth
drawing roller shall have the same development, and it can be replaced by other
gearing, according to the tension necessary for different strengths of cloth or
fabric.
The driving by means of screws has over that by toothed wheels the advantage
of preventing the least play, and of rendering the transmission of the movement
from one roller to the other certain, immediate, and continuous. The second roller,
which I place against the cloth drawing roller, is like it made rough by powdered
glass, emery, or sand; it is of the same diameter as the other roller, which drives
it by friction. Being in contact with the right side of the cloth, which is often less
smooth than the reverse side, it makes up for the want of adherence of the first
roller, which is in contact with the reverse side of the cloth. The cloth becomes
wound on the cloth beam, and it is necessary that this winding shall be in corre-
spondence with the unwinding of the warp, while preventing the cloth yielding in
an absolute manner to the considerable drawing exerted by the tension of the cloth.
In order to produce this result I employ mechanism consisting of a ratchet wheel
fixed on one of the ends of the spindle of the cloth beam, and a weighted lever
provided with a paul which takes into the teeth of the said ratchet wheel. The
weight exerts by means of the paul and the ratchet wheel a vertical push or thrust,
which presses the cloth beam against the drawing roller. In this way the power of
winding is always superior to the tension of the cloth, which is opposed to this
winding.
In connection with the ratchet wheel is another paul, which prevents it turning
in a direction contrary to the winding movement; this paul is carried by an arm,
which slides in a fixed socket, and accompanies the cloth beam in its descending
motion. The spindle of the cloth beam is movable in guides in the side frames of
the loom, which permits of it descending when it increases in diameter owing to
the winding of the cloth thereon. In proportion to the increase in the size of the
beau the weight is shifted on the lever to increase its distance from the beam, so
that the winding tension may be always superior to that which exists between the
regulating rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jules Monjot in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th June
1876.
JULES MONJOT, of Signy-Labbaye (Ardennes), France, Manufacturer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The chief cause of the defects which are still met with in cloths or fabrics woven
in looms as now constructed is attributed to the irregular unwinding of the warp
from its beam. Notwithstanding the best regulated pressures on the beam it has
hitherto been impossible to get the warp to unwind with equal tension in relation
to the winding of the cloth or fabric.
Now my Invention is intended to overcome this difficulty, and it consists
essentially in the employment of two drawing rollers arranged to take hold of the
warp as it leaves the beam, one of them being driven by the same mechanism which
actuates the drawing roller for the cloth or fabric.
The mechanisin which I prefer for this purpose has for its principal organ a shaft

page_text: furnished at its ends with two endless screws gearing with endless screw whicels
keyed on the shafts of the rollers, the movement of which has to be put in com-
munication. By this mode of action of the screws the transmission is made
without shock, and in a progressive and continuous manner, which prevents any
backward movement of the cloth. To the cloth drawing roller furnished with glass
I add a second roller, likewise furnished with glass, driven by the friction of the
first roller, and intended to increase the adherence of the cloth, in order to prevent
slipping. The cloth beam is provided with a ratchet wheel, on which a weighted
lever acts.
Such being the nature and general features of my Invention, I proceed, with the
aid of the annexed Drawings, to describe more particularly the manner in which it
may be carried into effect.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal elevation of a loom with my Invention applied thereto,
and Figure 2 is a plan.
The warp A on leaving the beam B passes around and between two rollers C and D,
which press and draw it, while causing it to unwind. These rollers are placed
nearly in the same horizontal line; they have their spindles or axes c and d
arranged in sliding supports connected to or forming part of the frame of the loom.
They can thus be moved nearer together or farther apart, according to the thickness
and tension of the warp while remaining firm by two toothed wheels which gear
together. The rollers C receives its movement from the regulator by an inclined
shaft F;
this shaft has at its ends two endless screws G and H gearing respectively
with screw wheels I and J keyed on the spindles c and c of the roller C, and
of the cloth drawing roller E. The shaft is itself driven by pinions K and L,
one of which K is on the spindle of the ratchet wheel M of the ordinary regulator.
The gearing is calculated so that the rollers C and E shall have the same develop-
ment, and it can be changed to the extent of one or more teeth, according to the
tension necessary for different strengths of cloth or fabric.
The driving by means of screws has over that by toothed wheels the advantage
of preventing the least play, and of rendering the transmission of the movement
from one roller to the other certain, immediate, and continuous. The second
roller N, which I place against the cloth-drawing roller E, is like it made rough by
powdered glass, emery, or sand; it is of the same diameter as the roller E, which
drives it by friction. Being in contact with the right side of the cloth, which is
often less smooth than the reverse side, it makes up for the want of adherence of
the first roller, which is in contact with the reverse side of the cloth. The cloth
becomes wound on the cloth beam P, and it is necessary that this winding shall be
in correspondence with the unwinding of the warp, while preventing the cloth
yielding in an absolute manner to the considerable drawing exerted by the tension
of the cloth. In order to produce this result I employ mechanism consisting of a
ratchet wheel Q fixed on one of the ends of the spindle p of the cloth beam P and
a weighted lever R provided with a paul S, which takes into the teeth of the said
ratchet wheel Q. The weight T exerts by means of the paul S and the ratchet
wheel Qa vertical push or thrust, which presses the cloth beam Pagainst the
drawing roller E. In this way the power of winding is always superior to the
tension of the cloth, which is opposed to this winding. In connection with the
ratchet wheel Q is another paul U, which prevents it turning in a direction contrary
to the winding movement; this paul is carried by an arm, which slides in a fixed
socket, and accompanies the cloth beam in its descending notion. The spindle p
of the cloth beam is movable in guides in the side frames of the loom, which per-
inits of its descending when it increases in diameter, owing to the winding of the
cloth thereon. In proportion to the increase in the size of the beam the weight T
is shifted on the lever to increase its distance from the beam P, so that the winding
tension may be always superior to that which exists between the regulating
rollers.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my "Improvements in Looms
for Weaving,"
First. The employment of two drawing rollers situated above the warp beam for
the purpose of taking hold of the warp, and drawing it by the same mechanism
which drives the cloth drawing roller, substantially as herein-before described and
represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The employment of a screw shaft to connect the two rollers which have
to be put into communication, substantially as herein-before described and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The employment of the second or additional roller (N), substantially as
and for the purpose herein-before described and represented in the accompanying:
Drawings.
Fourth. The combination with the cloth beam of a ratchet wheel and weighted
lever, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described and represented
in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The combination of parts, as herein-before described and represented in-
the accompanying Drawings, constituting improved apparatus or mechanism for
effecting the unwinding of the warp in loons for weaving.
In' witness whereof, I, the said Jules Monjot, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of June, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-six
Witness,
JULES ARMENGAUD,
Civil Engineer,
23, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
Paris.
JULES MONJOT. (L.S.)