matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
ROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF MALTING, DRYING, AND SEASONING GRAIN, INCLUDING CERTAIN VEGETABLE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lillie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
January 1853.
I, JOSEPH LILLIE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE PROCESS OF MALTING,
DRYING, AND SEASONING GRAIN, INCLUDING CERTAIN VEGETABLE AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improved machinery consists of several endless belts made of
wire cloth or other suitable material, placed one above the other, and
passing over rollers to which motion is imparted by hand or other power.
The number of these endless belts and their length and width may be
varied according to circumstances. The mode of operation is as follows:-
When these endless belts are used as a substitute for the young floors
now used in the germinating process of converting barley into malt
I propose to place the grain, after it has been steeped in a hopper or
couch frame from which it drops, on the uppermost endless belt, which
being in motion conveys the grain to the end of the chamber in which

page_text: the machinery is erected; the grain then drops on to the endless belt
below it, by which it is brought back to that end of the chamber near
the hopper; it then drops on to a third belt, on which it travels back
again to the other end of the chamber, where it drops on to a fourth.
The depth of the grain on the endless belts can be varied at pleasure,
and as soon as they are all covered with grain the motion of the rollers
can be stopped, and the grain will then remain stationary as long as is
requisite. When the grain requires turning, motion is again com-
municated to the rollers, and the grain on the lowest endless belt is
conveyed by a creeper on to the uppermost belt, the grain from which
descends on to the one below it, and so on from the second and third
belts. By this means the belts are always kept regularly supplied with
grain, which is turned as often as is required without being injured.
The above described machinery may be used for drying in lieu of the
ordinary malt kilns. In this case it would be necessary to heat the
chamber in which the machinery is erected by currents of hot air or
other suitable means. If it is desirable to diminish or increase the
depth of the grain upon any of the endless belts, it would only be
necessary to alter their speed in the required proportion. The malt is
thus obtained of a uniform color throughout, and the arduous operation
of turning by hand in a heated kiln is entirely superseded.
It is evident that the same machinery may be advantageously applied
for drying and seasoning grain, including certain vegetable and other
substances, requiring motion and exposure to heat or to the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BONNETS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL
ECIFICATION left by, obert
Garrard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
We, ROBERT GARRARD and JOHN GARRARD, both of Loman Street,
in the Borough of Southwark, Japan Hat Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BONNETS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in, and has for its object, the use and appli-
cation of a material hitherto not used in the manufacture of bonnets;
namely, felt coated with japan or varnish; and bonnets made of this
material are more particularly intended for the use of persons exposed
to the rain; such as in yatching or travelling outside a carriage, and a
variety of other occasions, where other bonnets would be likely to be
spoiled. The Inventor would remark, that he is aware of bonnets
having been very extensively manufactured of felt; he does not,

page_text: therefore, lay any claim to the use of that material, except when
employed in combination with japan or varnish, or other impermeable
composition.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lavender at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th June 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, EDWARD LAVENDER, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, General
Trader, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a peculiar method of treating small coal to
manufacture fuel for steam engine boiler furnaces, and for other heat-
ing purposes.
And for the better understanding and performance of my said In-
vention, I shall now proceed to describe in detail the process I recom-
mend in such manufacture.
To eight parts or thereabouts of small or powdered coal I add one
part of pitch, tar, or other like bituminous matters; but I prefer using
in a powdered state the pitch obtained from coal tar.
These propor-
tions may be varied according to the quality of the coal, and in somes
cases a less quantity than one part of the combining material may be

page_text: advantageously employed. Having well mixed these materials while
cold, I next proceed to transfer them to a revolving retort hereafter
described.
The retort, of an oblong cylindrical form, is so arranged that one
end having a neck cast to it of sufficient length to attach a drum or
rigger thereto, and the opposite end of the retort being furnished with
a groove, in which an endless chain works from a shaft above, the
entire apparatus can be thus kept constantly rotating, by which means
every portion and particle of the mixed fuel therein becomes thoroughly
and equably heated by the retort furnace, and is then ready to be trans-
ferred to any suitable moulds, and subjected to pressure, as customarily
practiced. The retort may be supplied with a safety tube through the
neck at the back of the retort for the escape of gas or vapour.
I do not claim any of the materials for fuel seperately, nor the
machinery generally, being aware that revolving retorts have been used
for other purposes. And I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise proportions mentioned. so long as the ma-
terials are combined according to the principle of my said improve-
ments; nor do I restrict myself to any particular dimensions or form of
retort or arrangement of machinery for revolving the same; but what
I do claim as my improvements are, namely:
First, the peculiar combination for the manufacture of fuel; and,
Second, the application of revolving retorts for the preparing of fuel,
as described.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COMPASSES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Coleman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES COLEMAN, of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare that the nature of the Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COMPASSES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing compasses capable of drawing
every kind of curves, such as circles, ellipses, spirals, hyperbolas,
parabolas, ares of circles, &c. &c. with the utmost facility and pre-
cision. Reference being had to the Drawings, in which the same
letters in the several Figures indicate parts which are similar.
Figure 1. represents a front view of compasses for drawing full
ellipses.
Figure 2, is a front view of compasses for drawing spirals.
Figure 3, is a front view of compasses constructed on the principle
of the Figure 1, and serves to draw half an ellipse.
The pencil a', Figure 2, approaches or recedes ad libitum from the
main leg d, by means of the regulator o, and of the ascent or descent of
Price

page_text: the collar J, and by the extension of the leg q, which compels the
pencil a to turn round the main leg d, or c, & e, in Figures 1, & 3,
which remains perfectly fixed during the revolution or series of revo
lutions of a', and its wider separation from the centre or leg, by which
revolutions it produces the Figure 8.
Figure 4, is a front view of the disk 1, Figure 1.
Figure 5, is a perpendicular section of the branch P. and a front
view of the regulator o.
Figure 6, represents half the disk X, of Figure 3.
Figure 7, represents curves drawn in the position of the compasses
represented in Fig. 1.
Figure 8, represents a curve drawn by the compasses represented in
Figure 2.
Figure 9, represents the lines drawn by the compasses represented in
Figure 3.
The legs c, d, & e, Figures 1, 2, & 3, are kept in their permanent
and vertical position by means of the legs a, connected with them by
o' and c¹.
The additional legs f, P, & I, turn round c, d, & e, and are
guided by their several disks or helices, as shewn on the leg d,Figure 2.
J, spring provided with pullies.
G, H, collars turning on the leg c, Fig 1.
i, is a prolongated scale passing under the screw o", by which it is
fixed; it is moved by the branch K. itself regulated by the disk.
t, & r, Figure 2, are two collars revolving on the axis of leg d.
The operator places his left hand steadily on the legs c, d, or e, and
by turning the moveable legs with his right hand he can produce any
required curves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STAYS OR CORSETS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th September 1858.-A communication from Adolphe
Georges Geresme, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufac-
turer.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STAYS OR CORSETS," being a communication from
Adolphe Georges Geresme, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manu-
facturer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of what are known as
woven corsets, and consists in the employment of the jacquards in the
loom, one of which effects the shape or contour of the corset, and the
other the formation of the double portions or slots for the introduction
of the whalebones. These slots or double portions are made simul-
taneously with the single parts of the corset, and in place of being

page_text: terminated in a point they are finished square off and at any required
length in the corset, instead of always running the entire length, as is
usually the case in woven corsets. When the corset is taken from
the loom the whalebones are inserted into these cases, and the borders
are formed, thus completing the article, which contains all the elegance
and graceful contour of sewn corsets made by manual labor.
A NEW COMBINATION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES, CASES, TRAYS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wellington Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WELLINGTON WILLIAMS, of Gutter Lane, in the City of London,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW COMBINATION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOXES, CASES, TRAYS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Upon a foundation of paper, pasteboard, cardboard, or millboard, I
fix, by means of cement or adhesive composition, a thin sheet of
metallic foil. Boxes and cases made of this material are particularly
applicable to the packing off all classes of goods liable to be deteriorated
by wet or damp.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN SINKS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Chambers and John Chambers, of the
Thorncliffe Iron Works, near Sheffield, in the County of York,
for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN SINKS."
Sealed the 3rd November 1853. and dated the 3rd May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Chambers
aud John Chambers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd May 1853.
We, THOMAS CHAMBERS and JOHN CHAMBERS, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN
SINKS" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and application of cast iron or
other metal in the manufacture of kitchen sinks, instead of manu-
facturing such articles in stone as hitherto practised; and this Invention

page_text: applies, whether made with or without effluvia traps, or merely with
nozzle outlets, or simply cast with a hole to receive a flanged pipe or
tube, and without regard to any particular shape. The accompanying
Drawing exhibits a plan view in perspective, and a longitudinal and
vertical section of a cast iron sink formed with an effluvia trap at A,
a, being a removeable cast iron cap of the ordinary construction. If
desirable these sinks may be enamelled by any of the known processes
for effecting the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR PRODUCING COLOURS ON TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: Sealed the 31st May 1853, and dated the 6th April 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Albert
Gatty at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th April 1853.
I, FREDERICK ALBERT GATTY, of Accrington, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING OR PRODUCING COLOURS ON
TEXTILE FABRICS" to be as follows:
My Improvements consist in the preparation of a mordant for fixing
and oxidising steam colours. This mordant is composed of chlorate and
hydrochlorate of alumina, prepared by decomposing alum or sulphate

page_text: of alumina by the mixed salts of chlorate of lime and chloride of cal-
cium. By the use of this mordant I dispense with the chlorate-of
potash, generally employed for fixing and oxidising steam colours,
thereby producing the same results more effectually and economically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING WATER
Year: 1853

page_text: I, WILLIAM RENWICK BOWDITCH, Clerk of Saint Andrews, Wakefield,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING WATER" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of applying clay and alkali to water, and
then subjecting the same to be filtered through a charcoal or other
filter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James Kerr, Lieutenant in the Royal
Navy, of 1, Gloucester Grove West, Old Brompton, for the
Navy, of 1, Gloucester Grove West, Old Brompton, for the
Invention or IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES."
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 4th June 1853, pursuant to the 9th section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN JAMES KERR, Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, of 1, Gloucester
Grove West, Old Brompton, do hereby declare that the nature of the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTRIDGES," and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly de-
scribed and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof (that
is to say):
This Invention consists of employing cylindrical cases without seam,
made of metal tin, coated with fibre or flock, for receiving powder, shot,
and ball.

page_text: And in carrying out this Invention I employ collapsible vessels made
according to an Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to
John Rand in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-two, and I cause such cases or vessels to be made of sizes suitable
for the barrels of fire arms, and I charge such metal cases or vessels
with powder, or powder and shot, or powder and ball (placing a wad
between the powder and the ball or shot), in a like manner to that in
which cases of paper have heretofore been charged, and as is well under-
stood in the making of cartridges. And having charged such metal
cases, I close the open end so as to completely envelope all parts with
the metal. I then apply a solution of gum or other suitable cement,
preferring cements that are not soluble in water, to the exterior surface,
and apply thereto flock or fibre, by which a complete coating is obtained,
which is advantageous. And it is this manufacture of cartridges which
constitutes my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John James Kerr, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
J. KERR. (L.S.)
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith Bartleet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd June 1853.
J. ROBERT SMITH BARTLEET, of Redditch, in the County of Wor-
cester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in needles used in machi-
nery, with a view to render them serviceable for sewing sails and other
strong materials, and is effected by making needles with a triangular
point or with a semicircular or flat point, either with or without a
cutting edge, with an eye at a given distance from the point, above or
below which eye the body of the needle may be grooved to admit the
thread, or otherwise reduced in size. or made flat on the sides coming
in contact with the thread.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS
Year: 1853

page_text: I, HENRY HENSON HENSON, of Hampstead, in the County of Middle-
sex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFERS" to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to that class of buffers in which there are
no buffer rods employed; this class of buffers, as now constructed, are
formed of two principal parts, which are firmly attached to the carriage
or waggon, and consist, first, of a cast-iron casing or cylinder, in the
interior of which is fitted a coiled or volute spring or discs of caoutchouc
and metal in alternate layers, or any other suitable spring.
Second, of a piston or plunger, one end of which works into this
casing or cylinder, and is forced against the apex of the spring con-
tained therein, when acted upon by the motion of the train. As soon
as the pressure or thrust is removed from the buffer head, the plunger
returns to a state of rest. Now, my Invention consists in making the
inner end of the hollow cast or wrought iron plunger exactly open.

page_text: The volute or other suitable spring is placed upon a plate or disc of
any suitable material secured to the sole or end piece of the under-
framing of the carriage, or to a block of wood or other material placed
for that purpose; this disc is of rather less diameter than the inside of
the hollow plunger; over which disc and spring thereon the plunger is
free to work, and when the buffer is acted upon the open end of the
plunger is caused to enter into an annular groove cut in the under-
framing of the carriage, or in a block fixed thereon.
The spring and plunger are kept in place by means of a strong iron
bolt passing through the buffer spring and plunger, and secured on the
inside of the underframing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Lee Pattinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1853.
I, HUGH LEE PATTINSON, of Scots House, near Gateshead, in the
County of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SULPHURIC ACID" to be as follows:-
Whereas a Patent was granted to Mr. Isaac Lowthian Bell on the
Seventeenth of November, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
entitled " Improvements in the Treatment of certain Compounds of
Iron and Sulphur," which Invention consists in fusing together by means
of a blast furnace oxide of iron and a certain well-known substance
called alkali waste so as to obtain "factitious pyrites" or artificial
sulphuret of iron.
Now this factitious pyrites, when placed in kilns similar to the kilns
used for burning native pyrites, does not very readily undergo combus-
tion, the heat produced being scarcely sufficient to drive off and con-
sume the sulphur it contains chemically combined with iron..

page_text: Now my Invention consists in mixing with this factitious pyrites a
quantity of free sulphur (the Sicilian or other sulphur ordinarily burnt
for the production of sulphuric acid), and burning this mixture in the
common pyrites kilns, when the combustion of this free sulphur in
contact with the factitious pyrites increases the heat of the burning
mass so much that nearly the whole of the sulphur is expelled from it
as sulphurous acid.
My mode of proceeding is this:-I reduce the pyrites to powder, and
add to it about one twentieth, of, its weight, of sulphur.also in powder,
with as much clay, alkali waste, or other suitable plastic_material as
will form the whole into a paste. When the ingredients have been
well mixed in a pugmill or by hand I spread the paste upon a warm
floor or drying bed to about the thickness of one and a half or two
inches, and after it is dry I break it into pieces, and burn it in kilns, as
practised with native pyrites.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Scragg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, EDWIN SCRAGG, of Buglawton, in the County of Cheshire,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a
differential cam movement, a duplex set of slide valves, and an adjust-
able cross head or piston guide for steam engines of various kinds.
The main crank shaft carries a revolving cam, formed on one side with
a projection, and diametrically opposite to this projection is a shallow
depression. This cam works in contact with a friction pulley lever, set
at one end on a fixed centre, and jointed at the other to the induction
valvo spindle rocking shaft. Each cylinder port on the induction side
has a separate plate slide valve, the two valve spindles being arranged
to work through stuffing boxes set opposite to each other in the same
axial line. The projecting ends of these spindles are then linked
together by a parallel motion actuated from the rocking shaft lever.

page_text: As the piston ascends in the cylinder the swell on the cam elevates the
overhead lever, and this movement correspondingly opens the bottom
induction port slide. The passage of the cam swell then lets fall the
slide, and the piston works to the end of its stroke by expansion. Then
when the depression in the cam comes round allows the upper induction
slide to open for the admission of steam to the upper side of the piston,
and after the passage of the depression the upper induction slide is
again closed for expansion. The cylinder has a set of valves precisely
similar on the other side for the exhaust, a separate cam and connections
being provided for their working. The cross head for the piston rods
in direct action engines is fitted up with a bearing pulley at each
end working against parallel guides. The brasses of these pulleys are
held in position by vertical wedge cotters, and as wear takes place the
inner cotters being driven further in tighten up the pulleys to their
bearings, whilst the outer cotters similarly slacken off their side by
being driven slightly outwards, as may be required for the adjustment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wood at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November 1853.
I, THOMAS WOOD, of Rumford Street, Oxford Street, Manchester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CENTRIFUGAL MACHINES" to be as follows:--
I construct and arrange apparatus, by means of which the basket or drum
in centrifugal machines is made to change its position on the shaft, in order to
equalize the weight revolving round it. I also employ and adapt certain
arrangements of apparatus, by means of which any want of equality in the
weight revolving round the shaft of centrifugal machines may be indicated and
obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Waud & Edward Waud, of
Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinners, and William
Busfield, of the same place, Overlooker to the said Mess Waud,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 1st September 1853, and dated the 17th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Waud,
Edward Waud, and William Busfield at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th June 1858.
We, CHRISTOPHER WAUD, EDWARD WAUD, and WILLIAM BUSFIELD,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in accumulating on point surface portions
of fibre detached by nipping instruments from gill combs or combs

page_text: acting as gill combs, which in their traverse with the fibre have a vary-
ing motion given to them, and receive the fibre from pairs of rollers
which give a draft to it. A transfer comb is used to take the fibre
from the nipper, and aided by a brush to lay it on to the points.
Also in taking the fibre from the point surface by rollers or strippers,
and conducting it through gill or like combs, having in their traverse
varying speeds given to them, from which it is accumulated in balls or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1853

page_text: time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Loubat at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th November 1853.
I, ALPHONSE LOUBAT, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application to ordinary roads of a rail
having a grooved upper surface, such rail being intended to serve as a
tramway for waggons and other vehicles. The rails are set in such a
manner in the road as not to project above the surface thereof; they
will therefore present no obstacle to the progress of the ordinary traffic.
The rail is provided with a longitudinal groove of a U or V shape
in section, for the reception of the flanges of the carriage wheels.
These improved tram-rails, which may be applied either to mac-
adamized or paved roads, may be bolted in any convenient manner to
transverse and longitudinal sleepers, in the ordinary manner of laying
down tramways or railways.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HELVES OF TILT HAMMERS
Year: 1853

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed
with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell and
John Shortridge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th December 1858.
WC, JOSEPHI BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Steel Manufacturer, and JOHN SHORTRIDGE, also of Sheffield, in the
County of York, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HELVES OF
TILT HAMMERS" to be as follows:-
We
It consists in a new mode of constructing the helves of tilt hammers.
For this purpose we use the article known in commerce as buffalo hide.
The hair is first removed from the hide in the usual manner.
then cut it into strips of a breadth corresponding to the thickness of
the helve to be constructed. We provide such a number of these strips
as when placed one upon another will make the helve of a proper
depth. The length of the strips correspond with the length of the
helve, or if shorter, two or more must be placed together, end to end,
to make the proper length. The strips being provided, as described,

page_text: we next soften them in water, and then combine them into one mass
with thongs or strips of the same material, or by means of cement, or
with bolts, plates, or hoops of metal, using these methods in combina-
tion or separately, as may be required. When sufficiently dried the
head and other parts are attached, and the hammer is ready for work.
We do not confine ourselves to the use of buffalo hide, but use the
skins of various animals, treated as above; and these skins may be also
either partially or wholely converted into leather by the usual process
of tawing or tanning.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AERATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Chaussenot the
elder, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3d March 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time specified by the Act.)
I, BERNARD CHAUSSENOT the elder, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AERATING LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
The apparatus which forms the subject of the Invention for which
I have applied for Letters Patent I prefer to make principally of glass
or earthenware, and construct and arrange it in such a manner in all
its parts that the aerated liquid shall never remain in contact with
metal. The apparatus consists of two chambers, contained one within
the other; one is intended to hold the water or liquid to be impreg-
nated with gas, and the other materials from which the gas
is gene-
rated. The latter chamber is situated below the water chamber, but
has a pipe leading therefrom up through the water chamber to the
mouth of the vessel. Water is poured into the water chamber
through an annular opening, formed at the mouth of the vessel, by.
the pipe of the gas chamber; and when the materials to produce

page_text: the gas are supplied, access to both chambers is stopped by one
stopper at top. The gas, when generated, is, however, allowed to
escape from the upper part of the pipe into the water vessel, and
impregnate the liquid contained therein, and which, when required
for use, may be drawn off by means of a tap and syphon pipe, the
pressure of
gas
in the chamber being sufficient to force all the liquid
out of the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASH AND SODA ASH
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander McDougall, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASH AND SODA ASH."
Sealed the 5th December 1853, and dated the 7th June 1853.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alexander McDougall, Her special license that
I, the said Alexander McDougall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander M'Dougall, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POTASH AND SODA ASH," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander McDougall, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calen
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patcut.
ionths next
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander McDougall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):
My improvements in the manufacture of potash and soda ash consist
in the application of the refuse lime of gas works as a substitute for the
lime or limestone ordinarily used in such manufacture.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander McDougall, have here-
unto set iny hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three.
ALEXANDER MCDOUGALL. (L.8.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN CONNECTING AND DISCON- NECTING THEM
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Edward Merritt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th February 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, THOMAS EDWARD MERRITT, of Maidstone, in the County of Kent,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN CONNECTING AND DISCON-
NECTING THEM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in using independent axles for each wheel,
supported in suitable bearings depending from the carriage, whereby
carriages will be enabled to run round sharp curves with safety. I
also connect each carriage to that preceding and following it by a solid
continuation from the frame of one carriage in the shape of a tongue,
which fits into a groove or like contrivance carried on from the frame
of the next carriage, a pin holding the tongue in the groove. This pin
may be worked by a lever, so that, when required, it can be easily lifted
and the disconnection effected. The tongue is rounded so as to permit

page_text: of lateral play in the connection. When required to liberate the
engine alone from the tender and following carriages, the same lever
which draws out the pin opens steam into a steam break, and shuts it
off from the cylinders.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUC- TION OF WHEEL FOR MOTIVE POWER AND PROPELLING PURPOSES
Year: 1853

page_text: Edouard Le Coat de Kervéguen at the Office of the Commis-
sioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, MARIE GABRIEL ADRIEN EDOUARD LE COAT DE KERVÉGUEN, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Retired Naval Officer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUC-
TION OF WHEEL FOR MOTIVE POWER AND PROPELLING PURPOSES"
follows:-
One of the principal objections to the ordinary construction of paddle
wheel is the great loss of power that arises from the floats or paddle
boards lifting the back water, and thereby obstructing the progress of
the wheel. The object of the present Invention is to obviate this
inconvenience and objection, by causing the floats or paddle boards to
enter and leave the water in a vertical or nearly vertical position.
By this means the float boards are prevented from striking on the
surface of the water, and lifting up back water, and are made to
operate more effectually as propellers in the water. It will of course
be understood that in employing a wheel of this construction as an
hydraulic or water wheel the float boards are always maintained in a

page_text: horizontal position, whereas for propelling purposes they must always,
when in the water, retain a vertical position. The wheels for either
purpose must be constructed upon precisely the same principle, the
only difference being in the position of the floats.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF GUTTA PERCHA, AND IN THE APPLI- CATION THEREOF
Year: 1853

page_text: the Oince of the
ners
the 18th August 1853. A communication from Louis François
Alexandre Deşcille, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF GUTTA PERCHA, AND IN THE APPLI-
CATION THEREOF," communicated to me by Louis François Alexandre
Deseille, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar preparation of gutta percha for
rendering it either solid or liquid, and consists in the application of a
carburet of hydrogen for liquifying it, and of any colouring powder, which
is kneaded into it when it is required to be solidified. The carburet
is prepared from oil of tar, which is well washed, a small quantity of
sulphuric acid being added after the first washing in order to remove
any foreign matters injurious to the carburet. This acid is afterwards

page_text: removed by frequent washings and changing of the water each time.
The oil is then distilled, and a certain quantity of powdered chalk and
carbonate sulphur is added, when it is again distilled. By the aid of
this liquid, gutta percha may be readily dissolved, either warm or cold.
By a small addition of alcohol to the carburet, and a little essence of
lavender to dispell the smell of the carburet, a liquid is obtained which has
the property of removing all grease stains. Gutta percha thus rendered
liquid may be applied to the construction of inking rollers for printing
machines, and various other similar purposes. By admixture with
dissolved gun copale, an adhesive varnish is produced, which is equally
applicable to wood or iron, effectually preventing the oxydation of the
latter. The liquid gutta percha may be also employed for rendering
waterproof all kinds of textile or other fabrics. For solidifying gutta
percha a coloring powder is kneaded into it, and the mass is then
passed between suitable rollers. This substance may be applied to the
construction of various articles, such as tubes, coffins, vases, statuettes,
hafts, ornaments, boxes, and sheets for letter copying presses.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1853

page_text: with the application for Letters Patent was not given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Francis Keogh
and William Ashley Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th November 1853.
We, PATRICK FRANCIS KEOGH and WILLIAM ASHLEY WILSON, both
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM
ENGINES" to be as follows:-
Our said Invention relates to a novel modification of the quadrant at
present used in certain kinds of steam engines, by means of which
improvement we can dispense with the usual eccentrics and com-
plicated gearing, and our improvement is applicable to all descriptions
of steam engines.
For the better understanding of our said Invention we will now
proceed to give the particulars thereof...
In many steam engines at present in use the quadrant is employed,
but is always worked by an eccentric. Now, by our improvement, the
cylinder is made to oscillate, and theby give the valve stroke more or

page_text: a
less at pleasure, according as the quadrant is raised or lowered, for
which purpose the centre of it is leafed and worked in a stud on a
fixed plate, which may often be conveniently bolted to the columns or
framing of the engine, with stops at the top and the bottom of the
stroke to fix it in a position either to go forward or reverse. Between
the stops an index is marked on the plate, to show how to set the valve
when wanted to work expansively, as the stroke of the valve can have
any required limit given to it, whereby the engine may be worked, by
moving a single handle, to its utmost power, or the lowest. The valve
rod works direct in it by means of a. knuckle and roller, and the
required stroke is given by putting the quadrant more or less out of
centre, which answers the purpose of slide valve motion and expansive
gearing. The quadrant moves.on.a.stud, and when on its centre, the
valve has no stroke; by raising or depressing it, however, the engine
starts accordingly forward or backward, the handle connected therewith
answering all the purposes of the customary starting and reversing
gear, expansion gear handles, rods, and other complicated parts. Our
improvement also possesses the advantage of complete control over the
power of a large engine, in regulating it to any degree, by cutting off
the valve stroke proportionably to the desired effect, simply by turning
the quadrant more to its centre:
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, we would
observe that we do not restrict ourselves to any particular class of
engines, or to materials, dimensions, or precise situation of the several
parts in any application thereof, so long as the principal of our said
Invention is adhered to in the construction of steam engines; and we
do declare that what we claim as our Invention is, namely,-
The improvement in steam engines, as described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE AID OF AIR, STEAM, AND OTHER EXPAN- SIVE GASES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th:
September 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN STEPHENS, of Richmond, in the County of Surrey, Esquire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY THE AID OF AIR, STEAM, AND OTHER EXPAN-
SIVE GASES" to be as follows:-
I obtain motive power from machinery or apparatus which consists
of a pipe or pipes in which are air-tight plungers connected with rods
which cause strains or pressures on certain other parts within the pipe
or pipes, for which purposes another pipe or pipes are connected with
exhausting air pumps or forcing pumps, as may be required to exhaust
the air within the pipe or pipes, or fill them with compressed air,
steam, or other expansive gases. The motion caused by the strains or
pressures within the pipe or pipes can be applied in the usual ways.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE ACQUIREMENT OF THE ART OF READING
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th September 1853.-A communication.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR FACILITATING THE ACQUIREMENT OF THE ART OF READING," being a
communication from Messieurs Nicolas Chéron and Florimond Nicolas
Tallempin, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturers, to be as
follows:-
This apparatus consists of a flat box or case containing a series of
endless paper bands, which are passed round rollers, and kept distended
by a simple arrangement. On these bands are printed a number of
letters, syllables, sounds, and words, which are successively brought
behind suitable openings in the box front by turning small buttons on

page_text: the outer ends of the herein-before mentioned rollers, round which the
bands are passed. By this means any combination may be made either
of letters or of words, and the advantage obtained is, that the pupil is
not confused by seeing surrounding letters or words, thereby greatly
facilitating the instruction of pupils and others.
A PRESSURE GOVERNOR OR SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF WATER
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gascoigne Lynde
junior at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th March 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, JAMES GASCOIGNE LYNDE junior, of No. 37, Great George Street,
in the City and Liberty of Westminster, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "A PRESSURE GOVERNOR OR
SELF-ACTING APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF WATER" to be as
follows (that is to say):
I place a tank on the line of pipes, and in this tank a vertical pipe,
containing two pistons connected by a rod, to which is attached a float,
which rises and falls with the water in the tank. In the lower part of
the vertical pipe are openings, through which the water issues into the
tank. As the water rises and carries the float, the openings are
gradually closed, without that shock in the pipes which would be caused

page_text: by a too sudden check of the flow of water. The two pistons are so
placed in the vertical pipe that the pressure of the water is counter-
balanced, and the flow of the incoming water regulated, so that a
uniform flow of water out of the tank may be obtained.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF KITCHEN BOILERS AND FLUES FOR RANGES
Year: 1853

page_text: I, EBENEZER THORNTON, of Huddersfield, Ironmonger, do hereby de-
clare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF KITCHEN BOILERS AND FLUES FOR
RANGES" to be as follows:
My Invention relates to an improved boiler to be fixed at the back
of kitchen ranges or fire-places for the purpose of affording an
abundant supply of hot water for heating or culinary purposes.
Fig. 1, of the annexed Drawing is a side elevation of the boiler;
Figure 2, a front view; and Figure 3, a section of the same. It is
intended to be fixed at the back of the ordinary fire-place or range. The
boiler A, is suspended within the outer casing or "chair" B, by screws.
By this arrangement the boiler is fully exposed to the action of the
fire. The lower part of the chair B, is filled with fire-brick C,
forming a steep inclination to prevent the fuel in the fire-grate choking
the flue. The upper part of the boiler is carried upwards for some
distance round three sides of the flue or pipe D, thus greatly increasing
the heating surface. A damper E, is fitted in the upper part of the

page_text: pipe D. When this is open the fire plays round the boiler; the smoke, &c.,
passing off by the pipe D; but, when closed, the front portion only of
the boiler is heated. F, G, are flow and return pipes for conveying hot
water to baths, &c., or for heating the building. H, is a pipe for
drawing off water from the boiler for domestic uses. The boiler and
flue forming one arrangement, and not requiring the construction of
any other flue, may be fitted to any range by an ordinary workman.
I reserve to myself the right to vary the details of my Invention, but
substantially it is herein described.