IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEADED NAILS OF WROUGHT IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lockwood Heward, of the Dos Works, Newport,
in the County of Monmouth, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEADED NAILS OF WROUGHT IRON AND OTHER
METALS"
Sealed the 13th September 1878, and dated the 12th April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lockwood Heward
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1878.
"
JAMES LOCKWOOD HEWARD, of the Dos Works, Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEADED NAILS
OF WROUGHT IRON AND OTHER METALS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of headed nails of
wrought iron and other metals, such as coopers' and other similar large headed
nails; and my improvements consist in preparing a blank or nail shank with a
blank or shaped head ready for a second and finishing operation instead of forming
the head of the nail in one operation as usually practiced, or as in the well-known
method by merely flattening out the head of the nail after it is made.
According to my improvements the blank head is made with a very prominent
top, and countersunk deeply underneath. After this the blank is carefully annealed
and then subjected to the second process, which has the effect of bringing downward
pressure to bear on the prominent top of the blank froin the header, while the
under and countersunk part receives a pressure upwards, thus spreading out the
head of the nail more, and producing a larger and flatter head than has hitherto
been obtained on coopers' or similar large headed nails.
I would remark that I am aware that attempts have been made to finish coopers'
and other large headed nails by a second operation, but neither in this case nor in
the case of the single operation hitherto employed does it produce the large head
with the equal shoulder all round under it, and it is for the attainment of this
object that this new or improved double operation has been adopted.

page_text: The well-known double operation above referred to consists of first squeezing the
nail shank betweeen the flat dies, and by the pressure of the header producing a
head having a shoulder under the head on two sides only. This nail was then put
between two other flat dies and squeezed the reverse way, or on the alternate sides, at
the same time the header slightly flattened the head, thus producing a slight shoulder
under the head on two sides, and a deeper shoulder on the other two sides. Thus,
the difference between the new or improved double operation and the one just
previously described is in the employment of a grooved die, and in the producing of
a blank or shaped head with prominent head, and countersunk under, so as to
squeeze the metal upwards as well as downwards, without which process it is not
possible to form a head as large as is desired in coopers' and similar large headed
nails, nor with an equal and deep shoulder all round under the head.
The process is applicable to inany other sorts of nails where a large lead is
required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Lockwood Howard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
October 1878.
"
JAMES LOCKWOOD HEWARD, of the Dos Works, Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEADED NAILS
OF WROUGHT IRON AND OTHER METALS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of headed nails of
wrought iron and other metals, such as coopers' and other similar large headed
nails; and my improvements consist in preparing a blank or nail shank with a
blank or shaped head ready for a second and finishing operation instead of forming
the head of the nail in one operation as usually practiced, or as in the well-known
method by merely flattening out the head of the nail after it is made.
According to my improvements the blank head is made with a very prominent
top, and countersunk deeply underneath, as shown at Figure 1 of the Drawings.
hereto annexed, by means of dies, such as or similar to those shown at Figures 2
and 3. After this the blank is carefully annealed and then subjected to the second
process or operation by means of dies, such as shown at Figures 4 and 5, which has
the effect of bringing downward pressure to bear on the prominent top of the blank
froin the header a, while the under and countersunk part receives a pressure
upwards, thus spreading out the head of the nail more and producing a larger and
flatter head, as shown at Figure 6, than has hitherto been obtained on "coopers'"
or similar large headed nails.
I would remark that I am aware that attempts have been made to finish
coopers' and other large headed nails by a second operation, but neither in this
case nor in the case of the single operation hitherto employed does it produce
the large head with the equal shoulder all round under it, and it is for the

page_text: attainment of this object that this new or improved double operation has been
adopted.
The well-known double operation above referred to consists of first squeezing the
nail shank between two flat dios b, b, such as shown at Figures 7 and 8, by tho
pressure of the header producing a head, as shown at Figures 9 and 10, having a
shoulder under the head on two sides only. This nail was then put between two
other flat dies, such as shown at Figure 11, and squeezed the reverse way, or on the
alternate sides, at the same time the header slightly flattened, the head thus pro-
ducing a slight shoulder under the head on two sides, and a deeper shoulder on the
other two sides, as shown at Figure 12. Thus, the difference between the new or
improved double operation and the one just previously described is in the employ-
ment of a grooved dio, and in the producing of a blank or shaped head with
prominent head and countersunk under so as to squeezo the metal upwards as well
as downwards, without which processes it is not possible to form a head as largo
as is desired in coopers' and similar large headed nails, nor with an equal and deep
shoulder all round under the head.
The process is applicable to many other sorts of nails where a large head is
required.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
or carrying the same into practice, I would remark that I do not claim any of the
parts separately, which are well known and in common use, but what I claim is, the
improved method of manufacturing coopers' and other large flat-headed nails by
means of the combined mechanical operations of first forming a headed blank, as
shown at Figure 1, in dies as represented by Figures 2 and 3, and in finishing the
said blank in dies represented by Figures 4 and 5 so as to produce a finished flat-
headed nail, as represented in Figure 6, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before fully described, and represented in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lockwood Heward, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JAMES LOCKWOOD HEWARD. (LS.)