IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Martin, of No. 6, Tenison Street, York Road,
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, and Oliver Penfold, of No. 4, Black-
moor Street, Drury Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Martin and Oliver
Penfold at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st October 1860.
We, LOUIS MARTIN, of No. 6, Tenison Street, York Road, Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, and OLIVER PENFOLD, of No. 4, Blackmoor Street, Drury
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of candles in such a manner that
a more perfect or complete combustion shall take place in the flame thereof,
by forming such candles of a tubular shape, and allowing a current of atmo-
spheric air to pass up and through the centre of the candle. We also propose
arranging a series of wicks around the inner surface of the tube so formed of
the fatty matter, or placing therein a tubular wick saturated and coated on its
inner surface with the same material, thus producing a solid body between the

page_text: inner and outer surfaces of such tube. The effect of this description of tubular
candle will be, that a considerably greater light is produced with much
steadiness of flame; also the self-snuffing of such candles, the centre current of
air having the same effect upon the candle as the "Argand" burner of gas
and oil lamps.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Louis
MARTIN, of No. 6, Tenison Street, York Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, and OLIVER PENFOLD, of No. 4, Blackmoor Street, Drury Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold, Her special licence that we,
the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC
TURE OF CANDLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Louis
Martin and Oliver Penfold, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of candles in such a manner

page_text: that a more perfect or complete combustion shall take place in the flame
thereof.
In order to explain our said Invention as completely as possible, we now
proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, as follows:-We form the candles of a tubular shape,
and allowing a current of atmospheric air to pass up and through the centre
of the candles. We also arrange a series of wicks around the inner surface of
the tube, so formed of the fatty matter, or we place therein a tubular wick
saturated and coated on its inner surface with the same material, thus pro-
ducing a solid body between the inner and outer surfaces of such tube. The
effect of this description of tubular candle will be that a considerably greater
light is produced with much steadiness and perfect combustion of flame; also
the self-snuffing or consuming of the wicks of such candles, the centre current
of air having the same effect upon these candles as the "Argand" burners of
gas and oil lamps.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention of "Improvements
in the Manufacture of Candles," and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, we would remark, in conclusion, that what we claim as our Invention,
and therefore wish to be secured to us by the herein in part recited Letters
Patent, is, the manufacture of candles, in the manner herein described for the
purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Agent for Patents,
(L.S.)
LOUIS MARTIN.
OLIVER PENFOLD. (L.S.)
4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross.