Manufacture of Ceramic, Earthenware, Porcelain, Stoneware, Glass, Crystal, and such like Ware with Metallic Decorations, and Furnaces or Ovens therefor.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 26th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 26th Nov., 1898
Manufacture of Ceramic, Earthenware, Porcelain, Stoneware, Glass,
Crystal, and such like Ware with Metallic Decorations, and
Furnaces or Ovens therefor.
We, CHARLES KELLER and ADOLPHE KELLER, both of No. 22, Rue Joubert, Paris,
France, Jewellers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a new method of decorating ceramic, earthenware, stone-
ware, porcelain, glass, crystal, and such like ware, with metallic ornamentation,
which may he of gold, silver, platinum, iron, copper, white metal, nickel, etc., the
said ornamentation being made to adhere firmly to the objects by means of an
enamel, or fusible plaster or cement, or similar compound that will melt at a certain
heat and will thus secure the ornaments.
For this purpose, in the case of a ceramic slab, this is moulded in the first
instance with recessed portions the configuration of which corresponds to that of
the metallic ornamentation to be produced. The slab having been burnt, it is
conted with a special plaster or cement compound, to be presently described and the
metallic ornaments are then introduced into their respective recesses, leaving the
outer surface thereof visible. By means of a brush these surfaces are painted with
an aqueous solution of red or yellow ochre, and the slab is placed in the furnace or
oven for melting the plaster compound.
By painting the surface of the metal ornaments with ochre, the melted plaster is
prevented from running over such surfaces, and it also prevents the metal from
becoming fused,
The metallic ornaments may also be secured in relief upon the objects by the
plaster or enamel, without first recessing the surfaces of the former.
In ornamenting glass or crystal objects the surfaces may either be recessed by
etching with hydrofluoric acid, or by grinding or moulding for the reception of the
ornaments, or the ornaments may be fixed in relief on the surface by a fusible
cement, plaster or enamel.
The cement or plaster is prepared as follows.

page_text: In either case the ingredients are intimately mixed and melted in a orucible.
To the above ingredients may be added one or more of the following: Carbonate
of potash, nitre, carbonate of soda, carbonate of lime, chloride of sodium. These
additions are particularly useful for the application of metal to porcelain, stoneware
or china for insuring its adhesion.
For applying such ornaments to glass or crystal the following compound is
employed.
The fused mixture having been crushed in a mortar as finely as possible, it is
washed allowed to drain, and is subjected to the action of a glass muller on a glass
slab, water being added if necessary.
A very fine paste having been thus obtained it is again washed, dried over a fire
and stored for use in closed receptacles.
When using this compound, the required quantity is placed in a glass with some
water until it has the required consistency, a little gum arabic being added to make
it adhere better. It is then spread with a brush on the surfaces to which the metal
is to be applied, after which the process is completed as first above described. The
glass objects should be first washed with pure alcohol, allowing this to evaporato
before applying the compound.
The oven or furnace employed by preference consists of a chamber built up of
loose refractory bricks in the lower part of which is fixed a grating of iron bars, on
which are laid slabs and upon these the muffles containing the objects to be heated.
The objects being placed on grids in the muffles. The top of the chamber is then
closed in by means of metal bars on which fire bricks are laid.
The chamber is heated by a fire which is gradually increased so as to raise the
temperature of the muffle and the objects therein gradually to a red heat.
The goods are examined from time to time and when it is found that the
metal ornaments adhere perfectly the fire is gradually reduced and the goods are
allowed to cool. When heating glass articles these may be placed directly in the
furnace chamber on perforated sheet metal plates coated with flake white.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1897.
Manufacture of Ceramic, Earthenware, Porcelain, Stoneware, Glass,
Crytals, and such like Ware, with Metallic Decorations, and
Furnaces or Ovens therefor.
We, CHARLES KELLER and ADOLPHE KELLER, both of No. 22, Rue Joubert,
Paris, France, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to bo perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a new method of decorating ceramic, earthenware,
stoneware, porcelain, glass, crystal, and such like ware, with metallic ornamentation,
which may be of gold, silver, platinum, iron, copper, white metal, nickel &c, the said
ornamentation being made to adhere firmly to the objects by means of an enamel,

page_text: or fusible plaster or cement, or eimilar compound that will melt at a certain heat
and will thus secure the ornaments.
For this purpose, in the case of a ceramic slab, this is moulded in the first
instance with recessed portions the configuration of which corresponds to that of
the metallic ornamentation to be produced. The slab having been burnt, it is
coated with a special plaster or cement compound, to be presently described and
the metallic ornaments are then introduced into their respective recesses, leaving
the outer surface thereof visible. By means of a brush these surfaces are painted
with an aqueous solution of red or yellow ochre, and the slab is placed in the furnace
or oven for melting the plaster compound.
By painting the surface of the inetal ornaments with ochre, the melted plaster is
prevented from running over such surfaces, and it also prevents the metal from
becoming fused.
Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawing shew a ceramic slab treated in the
above described manner. Figs. 1, 3 and 4 shew cross sections and Fig. 2 a plan.
The slab A is first moulded with the grooves a a of any desired configuration, and
after baking, it is coated with the plaster c, either on the entire surface as shewn at
Fig. 3 or only in the grooves a. The netal ornaments b are then inserted as at
Fig. 4, and after drying, the metal surfaces are cleaned and coated with red ochre,
after which the slab is burnt.
For producing a monogram or the like sunk in the surface of a medallion, the
design is first. cut in the surface either by hand or it is impressed by a die B
as indicated at. Fig. 5. The correspondingly formed metal monogram & having been
cleaned is then placed in the recess of the medallion, which has previously been
coated with the plaster. The medallion having been dried and the metal surfaces
cleaned, and coated with ochre, it is then burnt in the oven, thus producing the
medallion shown in section and plan at Figs. 6 and 7.
The metallic ornaments may also be secured in relief on the objects by the plaster
or enamel without first recessing the surface of the object. Fig. 8 shews a vase D
the metal ornaments e of which are applied to the surface so as to be in relief, being
secured thereto by means of the plaster.
In ornamenting glass or crystal objects the surfaces may either be recessed by
etching with hydrofluoric acid, or by grinding or moulding for the reception of the
ornaments, or the ornaments may be fixed in relief on the surface by a fusible
cement, plaster or enamel.
The cement or plaster is prepared as follows :-
-

page_text: object.
The fused mixture having been crrushed in a mortar as finely as possible, it is
washed allowed to drain, and is subjected to the action of a glass muller on a glass
slab, water being added if necessary.
A very fine paste having been thus obtained it again washed, dried over a fire
and stored for use in closed receptacles.
When using this compound, the required quantity is placed in a glass with some
water until it has the required consistency, a little gum arabic being added to make
it adhere better. It is then spread with a brush on the surfaces to which the metal
is to be applied, after which the process is completed as first above described. The
glass objects should be first washed with pure alcohol, allowing this to evaporate
before applying the compound.
The oven or furnace einployed by preference is shewn at Figs. 9 and 10, which are
sections at right angles to each other, it consists of a chamber built up of loose re-
fractory bricks upon a base E on which is previously placed a grating x of iron bars,
on which are laid slabs and g and upon these the muffles M containing the objects
to be heated, the objects being placed on grids in tho muffles and the mouths of these
closed by slabs h. The top of the chamber is then closed in by means of metal bars y
on which fire bricks are again laid so as to forin a closed chamber.
The chamber is heated by a fire which is gradually increased so as to raise the
temperature of the muffle and the objects therein gradually to a red heat. When
this has been attained the gratings with the objects are pushed further inwards in
order to increase the action of the heat.
The goods are examined from time to time and when it is found that the metal
ornaments adhero perfectly the fire is gradually reduced and the goods are allowed
to cool.
When treating glass articles theso may be placed directly in the furnace
chamber on perforated sheet metal plates coated with flake white, as shewn at P, O,
Fig. 11.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The herein described improved manufacture of commic, earthenware, porcelain
stoneware, glass, crystal and such like ware with metallic ornamentations either im-
bedded in or secured to the surface thereof by means of a plaster cement or enamel
of the kind herein described.
2. For the production of ceramic and other ware such as is referred to in the first
claim, the use of furnaces or ovens constructed of refractory bricks loosely piled upon
a foundation carrying a grating, on which are placed either muffles containing the
articles, or the articles themselves, substantially as described with reference to
Fig. 9, 10 and 11 of the drawings.
nail