CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER GOODS AND FABRICS
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CORNELIUS
MARCH PAYNE, of Stratford, in the Parish of West Ham, in the County of
Essex, Silk Printer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Third day of December, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-one, in the third year of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Cornelius March Payne, His
especial licence, that I, the said Cornelius March Payne, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Cornelius March
Payne, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER GOODS AND
FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me,
the said Cornelius March Payne, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to
be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Cornelius March Payne, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the
following description thereof (that is to say):
My Invention, or discovery of certain improvements in printing silk, cotton,
and other goods and fabrics, applies to that kind of printing called plate or
cylinder printing, that is, where the pattern intended to be produced upon the
goods is formed by taking impressions on to the piece from engraved metal
plates or cylinders, and consists in the adaptation and employment of small
plates or cylinders, or parts of plates or cylinders, upon which the patterns or
only parts of the complete pattern are engraved, which said plates or cylinders
have, by my said improvements, peculiar motions given to them, so that by
repeated impressions being taken from them, the complete pattern may be
formed on the piece of silk or other goods. And also, in improvements in the
construction of the presses or parts of the presses by which the said plates or
cylinders are to be worked, or the impressions taken from them, so as to allow
of their being used with good effect; the pattern engraved upon the small
plates or cylinders, or parts of plates or cylinders, extends over only a portion
or part of the width of the goods to be printed, and must therefore have a
lateral shifting motion given to them, in order to repeat or print the pattern
upon the other or blank part of the width of the piece by the side of the former
impression, so as to form the complete design or pattern. Or, plates having a
fourth part or other portion of any pattern engraved upon them, are moved
round upon a centre, so as to shift and print the four quarters of the complete
pattern. Or, plates having a fourth or other part of a pattern, have both a
shifting movement sideways, together with a circular or turning motion im-
parted to them, so as to print and form the complete pattern. These different
motions being given to the plates or cylinders to suit the differences or pecu-
liarities or style of the patterns, or whether (as in printing silk handkerchiefs,
the plates or cylinders have or have not borders engraved upon them to move
with the centre part or filling up of the pattern; and the manner or method of
constructing, using, and working my said Invention, and putting the same into
practice, is fully described and ascertained by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are views of parts of a press to shew the
manner of giving the various motions of the plates; and Figures 9 and 10 are

page_text: side views of a common printing press; Figure 11, a section; and Figure 12
a plan or horizontal view of the same, shewing the improvements adapted to it.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a view of a part of the common
plate printing press, with the improvements applied. a, a, are the plank
runners, to which is attached the plank carriage or rail b, b, which support and
guide the plank c, c, and the plate d, d, in their movements upon it. The
plank carriage may be formed of a solid piece of wood, as in some of the com:
mon presses, having two guide pieces on its sides to keep the plank in its
place, or it may be formed as shewn in the Figure, the two iron rails b, b,
having two projecting ledges 1, 1, on their insides, for the plank to slide upon
laterally, the plank moving between the two rails b, b, as guides; f, f, are two
cross rails on the plank carriage, with two set or adjusting screws g, g, which
limit the movement of the plank and plates, and regulate the joining of the
pattern. The plate will be ready for printing when it is fixed upon the plank
by the screw clamps h, h, or otherwise, and is pushed up against the set screws
g, g, as shewn in Figure 1. The plain goods being distended in the press by
conducting rollers, the plate is to be supplied with ink or colour, and run into
the
press in the usual manner between the "D roll" 1 and the top roll "2,"
(see Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12,) by which an impression will be given to the
distended piece of silk or other goods, as shewn at A, Fig. 1, the workman
throwing the press into and out of gear by the lever 3 and clutch box 4. On
the press being stopped after the first impression, the piece of goods is to be
brought back the distance exactly equivolant to the extent lengthways of the
portion of the pattern printed; this may be done by any convenient machinery
connected with the fly wheel shaft, or the first mover of the press if it is worked
by power; or the boy attending it may turn back the "top roll" by a lever
placed in the stop wheel 5, but as the stop wheel with its usual apparatus pre;
vents the dimensions of the handkerchief being varied, or more or less sel;
vage left between two handkerchiefs in printing, which is necessary to
suit the different lengths of the pieces of goods, the contrivance shewn in
Figure 10 may be adopted, which will allow of the top roll and goods being
shifted or turned back in any degree required. It consists of a toothed wheel
6 placed upon the end of the axle of the top roll, instead of the stop wheel 5
(see Figure 9), this toothed wheel takes into an intermediate wheel 7;
mounted on a short axle fixed in the side frame on the end of the axle of the
"D roll" is the toothed quadrant 8, which, as it revolves, takes into the teeth
of the intermediate wheel 7, and carries it round with it. It will be seen that
this intermediate wheel may be turned and set to any particular point after an

page_text: impression, so that the first tooth of the segment 8 as it revolves to give the
next impression, may come into gear with it at any part required. This first
tooth of the segment has a projecting stud upon its side, and is guided into the
space between the teeth by the stud sliding upon the guide arm 9, which is
capable of being set or adjusted to any part of the intermediate wheel. After
giving. the first impression, the plate is to be shifted in the direction of the
arrow, sideways, along the plank carriage sliding upon the ledges e, e, into the
position shewn at Figure 2, where it may again be supplied with colour, and
another impression taken from it, which will thus produce so much of the
pattern as is shewn at B; the plate is then again supplied with colour and run
into the press, and the sheet stopped at the proper distance; the third im-
pression is given in the situation shewn at C; the piece of silk or other goods
must then be brought back, as described after the first impression, and the
plate shifted back again into the position shewn in Figure 1, and on its being
supplied with ink or colour the fourth impression is given, which completes
the filling up of the handkerchief, as shewn at D; the borders may then be
printed upon the piece by hand or block printing, or by plate or cylinder
printing machinery, as may be found most convenient; or plates having half the
pattern or filling up of the handkerchief without a border engraved upon
them, so as to print over one-half of the width of the goods, may be used; and
after printing the first and fourth impression, as described in Figures 1 and 2,
at once may have this shifting motion given to them, and then give the second
and third impression at once, thus completing the filling up in two printings
instead of four.
In Figure 3, d, d, shews another of my improved plates, with a fourth part
of a complete pattern of a handkerchief engraved upon it, that is, with a
border on two of its edges. This plate is mounted upon a similar carriage as
that described in Figs. 1 and 2, but is placed upon a second plank i (see the
sectional Figure 4); this plank turns upon a pin k fixed into the under plank
c, c; the centre of this pin must be in the centre of the quarter of the work
engraved upon the plate, as shewn in the Figure; and the plate must have
a shifting motion sideways, as that described in Figures 1 and 2, and also a
circular or turning motion round the pin k, so as to cause the four impressions
of the quarters of the pattern to join and form the complete handkerchief, as
at D. After the first impression being taken from it, as at A, in the manner
described in Figure 1, it is to be shifted to the position shewn at Figure 2,
and the upper plank and plate turned one quarter of a revolution in the
direction of the arrow, so as to bring the plate into the position shewn at

page_text: Figure 5, when it will ready to print the second impression, as shewn at B;
after which it must be again turned upon the pin another quarter of a revolu-
tion in the direction of the arrow, when it will ready to give the third impression,
as at C; then shifted sideways, with the under plank c upon the carriage,
back into the position shewn at Figures and 3; and again turned another
quarter of a revolution will give the fourth impression, completing the hand-
kerchief, as at D. There are stops and adjusting screws placed on the side of
the carriage frame at 1, 1, 1, 1, against which the edge of the plate or plank
rests at each quarter of a revolution, and which stops determine and regulate
the extent of circular movement of the plate and upper plank, so as to make
all the joinings of the impressions form the patterns perfect. Plates having
these motions given to them may have half the completo pattern engraved
upon them the lengthway of the cloth instead of a quarter, if the design of
the pattern will allow of it, so as to print the first and fourth impression, as
described above, at once; and after shifting the plate and turning it half
a revolution, instead of a quarter, it will be ready to print the second and third
impressions, and thus complete the handkerchief in two printings instead of
four.
Figure 6 shews another of my improved plates d, d, having a fourth part
of a pattern of a handkerchief with a border engraved upon it, mounted upon
a plank m. The plate and this plank move round upon a centre piece or pivot,
shewn at in the sectional Figure 7; this plank is mounted upon another
plank c, fixed in the carriage or frame b, b, and turns upon a pin k, the centre
of which is placed exactly under the centre angle or corner of the portion of
the pattern engraved upon the plate, and after giving the impression A
(Figure 3) from the position, as in Figure 6, it may be shifted round upon
the plank in the direction of the arrow in the position to Figure 8, to give the
second impression, as at B, and so on, moving one quarter of a revolution each
time to print the third and fourth impressions at C and D, where the hand-
kerchief is shewn completed. Stops 1, 1, 1, 1, are placed for the plate to rest
against when turned for printing. Instead of using a second plank, as described
in the two last methods of moving the plate, that plank may be dispensed with,
and the plate only made to move upon the center pin on the plank c; or. plates
having a less part than a quarter of the pattern engraved upon them may be,
used upon this plan. It will be seen that all the plates may be turned and
shifted the reverse way to that above described if the design of the pattern
will allow of it, that is, it may be worked from the right-hand corner round
the left, instead of from the left hand round the right, and the set screws may be

page_text: made to adjust the true position of the plate upon the planks. Either of the
two last-described motions of the plates will do for printing handkerchiefs with
borders, although the first will not.
My improved cylinders for printing silk or other piece goods in cylinder
presses, are made of only half or any other portion of the width of the goods
to be printed, and may have a quarter or half of the complete pattern engraved
upon them. When printing silk handkerchiefs with borders, if the design of
the pattern will allow of it, half of the complete pattern of the handkerchief,
as it is printed breadthways of the piece of goods, may be engraved upon the
cylinder, that is, the half of the pattern engraved shall print one-half of the
handkerchief lengthways of the piece, and leaving sufficient blank space upon
the engraved cylinder, between the two outsides of the opposite borders, for the
selvage of the handkerchief, as shewn in the detached Figure 15. The
cylinders engraved in this manner will give the first and fourth impression, as
described under Figures 1 and 3, and may be printed in continuance, that is,
from one end of the piece to the other, which being done the cylinder must
be reversed in the press and pushed up to the opposite end of the mandril, it
will then print, as the piece returns, on the other half of the width of the goods,
producing the second and third impressions, as described in Figures 1 and 3,
and thus complete the handkerchief; the inking apparatus being constructed
accordingly. When printing without borders the cylinder may be shifted upon
the mandril without reversing, or instead of working the piece of goods back-
ward it may be run back, and the second series of impressions commenced
alongside of the first. When the cylinders have less than a half of the
complete pattern engraved upon them, as a fourth, the goods may be turned
back after each impression, and the cylinder shifted to print on the other part
of the width of the goods alongside of the last impression, in the manner
described under the Figs. 1 and 2; or the goods may be printed in continuance
along one side of the piece of goods, and then the cylinder shifted, and give
the impressions upon the other half of the goods, either backwards or forwards,
proper motion being given to the piece of silk or other fabric to suit theso
motions.
Fig. 13 is a front view of a cylinder press with my improved cylinder
adapted to it; Figure 16 is a side view, and Figure 17 is a section of the
same. a, a, is the mandril, turning in proper bearings in the frame of the press
b, b; upon this mandril the cylinder c, c, is mounted, having only sufficient
pattern engraved upon it to cover half the width of the goods to be printed;
d is the ink or colour roller, turning in bearings on the ends of the colour

page_text: box e;. the colour box is supported up against the cylinder c upon the stage
ff; g is the top roll; and h, the piece of goods under operation. After
printing along the piece on one side the cylinder is then to be shifted, as shewn
in the detached view of the mandril Fig. 14, when the press by any proper
contrivance may be set to work backwards, or the piece of goods run back
and give the impressions upon the other part of the width of the piece.
There are stops n, n, placed upon the two ends of the mandril with set screws
to adjust and fix the cylinder when it is shifted upon the mandril. The cylinder
and colour box are connected together so that the colour box and inking
rollers move upon the stage f simultaneously with the cylinder upon the
mandril, and may have their shifting motion given to them by hand, or by any
convenient machinery actuated by any moving part of the press. When the
cylinders have less than a half of the pattern engraved upon them, the goods
may be turned back after each impression, as described under Figures 1 and 2,
or otherwise worked to complete the pattern.
Having particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be
particularly understood that I do not mean or intend to claim as my Invention
any of the parts of the printing press that I have necessarily described in
explaining the nature of my said Invention which are not new, or have been
before used in presses for printing silk, calico, or other goods and fabrics; but
I do claim as my Invention, the adaptation and mode of working engraved
plates or cylinders having only a portion of the general device or pattern
engraved upon them, as above described, such plates or cylinders being so
mounted in the press or printing machine movements as to be capable of
being shifted to different positions, as I have herein particularly described, for
giving the complete device or pattern to the goods by several impressions; and
I also claim the improvement in the construction of the presses, or the parts of
presses, for printing from these improved plates or cylinders, as above set forth
and described; which Invention I believe to be entirely new, and never before
used in this Kingdom by any other person or persons; and I verily believe
that this my Specification does in all and every respect comply with the proviso
contained in the above-mentioned Letters Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said Cornelius March Payne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.
CORNELIUS MARCH (L.s.) PAYNE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of June, in the
second year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth; the said
Cornelius March Payne came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Tavalled the Second dor of June One thousand eight hundred and