Solid Matter Floating or Suspended in Air or Gases.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 14th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 14th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Mar., 1887.
Solid Matter Floating or Suspended in Air or Gases.
I, JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN, of Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, London, W.C.,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
·
My invention relates to improvements connected with the deposition of finely divided
solid matter floating or suspended in air or gases.
A known method of depositing smoke, fumes and the like is that first discovered by
Guitard in 1850 and again independently by Dr. Lodge. It consists in charging the
smoke particles or air containing the smoke particles by means of an electrostatic
machine. When this can be got to work satisfactorily it is very effective, but one
drawback is that it cannot always be got to work when wanted. It can only be
employed when the atmosphere is dry, unless excessive precautions be taken to keep
the apparatus perfectly free from moisture or the access of moist air. Another drawback
is that the electrostatic generator requires to be revolved by hand or by power, and
this in many cases is extremely inconvenient. The object of my invention is to
remedy in some cases one and in the other cases both of these defects.
In carrying my invention into effect, instead of employing statical electricity I may
employ so-called dynamic electricity which may be supplied by a primary voltaic
battery, dynamo-electric machine, secondary battery or other sourse or reservoir of
dynamic electricity. The said source or reservoir of dynamic electricity may be in
circuit with tho primary coil or element of a so-called secondary generator or induc-
torium; and with the secondary coil or element of the secondary generator or induc-
torium two or more terminal conductors may be in electrical connection. The secondary
coil or element of the secondary generator or inductorium is so constructed or disposed
with regard to the primary coil or element that a current flowing through the latter
induces in the former a current of very much higher electromotive force. The terminal
conductors may be of any suitable size or form; for example they may consist of plates,
wire, netting, gauze or other shaped masses of conducting material; and they may be
studded when desired with one or more points or projections. They may be placed
at any suitable distance apart, and this distance may be capable of regulation or

page_text: adjustment by suitable devices causing the movement of either the terminal conductors
themselves or of the points alone. In connection with the above apparatus I may
employ an interrupter or device for rapidly and continuously making and breaking the
electric circuit and I may also employ a condenser or condensers when desired.
The action of my apparatus is as follows:-The clectric current from the hereinbefore
mentioned source or reservoir of electrical energy in passing through the primary coil
or clement of the secondary generator or inductorium induces a current in the secondary
coil or element. The electromotive force of this latter current is so high that it is
able to leap or discharge itself across the space between the terminal conductors, and
any finely divided solid matter in this space will be electrified and deposited.
Suitable means may be adopted for causing the finely divided solid matter to pass
between the terminal conductors; and suitable means may also be employed for
collecting and removing the deposited matter.
I may apply my invention, inter alia, to the specific purposes referred to in my
patent specifications numbered 5388 and 5438 of the year 1886.

page_text: Solid Matter Floating or Suspended in Air or Gases.
I JAMES GRIEVE LORRAIN of Norfolk House Norfolk Street London W.C. Consulting
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
:-
My invention relates to improvements connected with the deposition of finely divided
solid matter floating or suspended in air or gases.
A known method of depositing smoke fumes and the like is that first discovered by
Guitard in 1850 and again independently by Dr. Lodge. It consists in charging the
smoke particles or air containing the smoke particles by means of an electrostatic
machine. When this can be got to work satisfactorily it is very effective, but one
drawback is that it cannot always be got to work when wanted. It can only be employed
when the atmosphere is dry unless excessive precautions be taken to keep the apparatus
perfectly free from moisture or the access or moist air. Another drawback is that the
electrostatic generator requires to be revolved by hand or by power and this in many
cases is extremely inconvenient. The object of my invention is to remedy in some
cases one and in other cases both of these defects.
In carrying my invention into effect instead of employing statical electricity I employ
so-called dynamic electricity supplied by a primary voltaic battery dynamo-electric
machine secondary battery or other source or reservoir of dynamic electricity. The
said source or reservoir of dynamic electricity is placed in circuit with the primary coil
or element of a so-called secondary generator or inductorium and with the secondary
coil or element of the secondary generator or inductorium two or more terminal
conductors are placed in electrical connection. The secondary coil or element of the
secondary generator or inductorium is in the well known manner so constructed or
disposed with regard to the primary coil or element that a current flowing through the
latter induces in the former à current of very much higher electromotive force. The
terminal conductors may be of any suitable size or form for example they may consist
of plates wire netting gauze or other shaped masses of conducting material and they
may be studded when desired with one or more points or projections. They are placed
at any suitable distance apart and this distance is preferably capable of regulation or
adjustment by suitable devices causing the movement of either the terminal conductors
themselves or of the points alone: In connection with the above apparatus and in the
case where the current supplied by the source or reservoir of electrical energy is a
continuous or direct one I employ except in the case wherein the inductorium is
what is known as a continuous current transformer an interrupter or device for rapidly
and continuously making and breaking the electric circuit but when the current
supplied by the source of electrical energy is an alternating one I dispense with such
interrupter. I sometimes employ a condenser or condensers when desired.

page_text: The action of my apparatus is as follows:-The electric current from the hereinbefore
mentioned source or reservoir of electrical energy in passing through the primary coil
or element of the secondary generator or inductorium induces a current in the secondary
coil or element. The electromotive force of this latter current is so high that it is able
to leap or discharge itself across the space between the terminal conductors and any
finely divided solid matter in this space will be electrified and deposited.
Suitable means may be adopted for causing the finely divided matter to pass between
the terminal conductors as for example a blower or exhauster and suitable means may
also be employed for collecting and removing the deposited matter such for example as
a worm or the like. I may apply my invention inter alia for the specific purpose
referred to in my Specification No. 5388 of the year 1886.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The improvement connected with the deposition of finely divided solid matter
floating or suspended in air or gases consisting in the employment of dynamic electricity
substantially as described.
2. The improvement connected with the deposition of finely divided solid matter
floating or suspended in air or gases consisting in the combination of a source or
reservoir of dynamic electricity and an inductorium.