Improvements in Motor Engines Worked by Fluid Pressure.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 28th Sept., 1888
Improvements in Motor Engines Worked by Fluid Pressure.
We, WILLIAM CLARKE and JOHN BROKENSHIRE FURNEAUX both of Victoria Works
Gateshead-on-Tyne in the County of Durham Engineers, and CHARLES DOWSEN of
5 Deckham Terrace, Gateshead-on-Tyne, aforesaid, Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to motor engines having two cylinders or a multiple
of two-and according thereto the piston of each cylinder of a pair acts in lieu of a
valve to admit steam to and release it from the other cylinder; and each piston
likewise cuts off the steam supply to its own cylinder and compresses the steam
therein.
For these purposes the pistons are formed with cavities, ports and passages,
suitably arranged in relation to one another and to ports in the cylinders: and the
two pistons of a pair of cylinders are connected to a double crank shaft, the cranks
of which are arranged at appropriate angles. Or the cylinders may be arranged at
suitable relative angles, to suit the distributions of motive fluid.
Various arrangements of engines may be constructed to operate on the principle
above set forth, whether as simple or compound, single acting or double acting
engines.
In the case of a simple double cylinder steam engine live steam is admitted to a
cavity in each piston; from each piston at the proper times a supply passes to the
neighbouring cylinder through its piston after doing duty in this last mentioned
cylinder the said steam escapes through a passage in the cylinder and through a
second cavity in the first mentioned piston to the atmosphere or a condenser: and so
on with regard to each cylinder and piston.
In the case of a two cylinder compound steam engine, live steam is admitted to a
admitted to the
cavity in the piston of the low pressure cylinder: thence a supply
high pressure cylinder through the high pressure piston: after doing duty in the high
pressure cylinder the steam escapes through a passage in the cylinder and through
cavity in the low pressure piston to an interinediate receiver whence it is admiited
રી

page_text: through a cavity in the high pressure piston and through a port and passage in the
low pressure piston, to the low pressure cylinder; after doing duty in which, it
escapes through a passage in the cylinder and through a cavity in the high pressure
piston to the atmosphere or a condenser.
For varying the cut off parts of the cylinder walls comprising steam port edges can
be made moveable longitudinally and be connected together by screws or screw spindles
so as to be moveable to any desired position by hand or by a governor or both.
For reversing idle steam and exhaust cavities can be provided in the pistons which
can be turned through such an angle as to bring the idle cavities into use whereupon
the others will become idle for the time being.
A suitable construction of piston for the purposes of this invention is as follows:-
The piston is constructed in segments with a conical bush between one end of which
and a shoulder or collar on the piston rod there is a spring to act upon the bush and
expand the segments of the piston.
1
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motor Engines Worked by Fluid Pressure.
WILLIAM CLARKE and JOHN BROKENSHIRE FURNEAUX both of Victoria
Works Gateshead on Tyne in the County of Durham Engineers and CHARLES
DowSEN of 5 Deckham Terrace Gateshead on Tyne aforesaid Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to motor engines having two cylinders (or a multiple
of two) and according thereto the piston of each cylinder of a pair, acts in lieu of a
valve to admit steam to, and release it from, the other cylinder, and each piston
likewise cuts off the steam supply to its own cylinder, and also compresses the
exhaust steam therein.
For these purposes the pistons are formed with cavities, ports and passages suitably
arranged in relation to one another and to ports in the cylinders: and the two pistons
of a pair of cylinders are connected to a double crank shaft, the cranks of which are
arranged at appropriate angles, or the cylinders may be arranged at suitable relative
angles, to suit the desired distribution of motive fluid.

page_text: Figures 1 and 3 are vertical sections of cylinders laid open at o. o.
Figure 2 is a section on line J J showing steam and exhaust passages.
Figure 4 is a section on line J J shewing steam and exhaust passages and also
shewing idle ports in piston for reversing.
Figure 5 is a developed view of piston.
Figures 6 & 7 are sections of piston on line K K.
Figures 8, 9, 10 and 11 are sections through the different steam and exhaust ports.
Figures 12 and 13 are vertical section and plan of piston made in segments with
conical bush and spring.
Figure 14 shews arrangement for varying the cut off.
Figure 8. section through the piston shewing exhaust passages F F and their
balance cavities.
Figure 9. section through piston showing steam passages E E and their balance
cavities.
Figure 10. section through piston shewing exhaust cavity H and balance cavity.
Figure 11. section through piston shewing live steam admission ports C. C and
balance ports.
In the case of a simple double cylinder steam engine live steam is admitted by
means of steam passages Q to the interior of both pistons A A Figures 6 and 7
through suitably situated ports B. B and through the ports C. C directly opposite and
at proper time in the number 1 cylinder.
Steam is admitted through a port and passage way DD in the cylinder and a
passage way E E in the piston of number 2 cylinder to the top or bottom end of said
piston in number 2 cylinder.
After doing duty in the last mentioned cylinder the said steam escapes through one
of the passages F F in the piston of number 2 cylinder and through one of the ports
and passages G. G in the cylinder and through the cavity H in the piston of number 1
cylinder to the atmosphere or condenser by way of passage L and so on with regard
to each cylinder and piston.
In the case of a two cylinder compound steam engine live steam is admitted to the
interior of the piston of the low-pressure cylinder :-thence a supply is admitted
to the high pressure cylinder through the high pressure piston as in the simple
engine.
After doing duty in the high pressure cylinder the steam escapes through a passage
in the high pressure piston and through a cavity in the low pressure piston to an
intermediate receiver whence it is admitted through a port in the high pressure piston
and through a port and passage in the low pressure piston to the low pressure cylinder,
after doing duty in which it escapes through a passage in the piston and ports in the
cylinder and through a cavity in the high pressure piston to the atmosphere or
condenser.
For varying the cut off ports of the cylinder walls all steam port edges can be
made movable longitudinally as in figure 14 at MM and be connected together by
screws or spindles and levers so as to be movable to any desired position by hand or
by governor or both.
For reversing idle steam and exhaust cavities and ports and passages marked
T. U. V. W in figure 4 can be provided in the pistons which for reversing are turned
by hand appliance through such an angle as to bring the idle cavities into use
where upon the others marked T¹, U, V, W¹ will become idle for the time being.
In this case there are 3 passages in the pistons used for controlling each condition
of steam two of the passages being say, leading to the top and one to the bottom of the
cylinder.
The reversing is done by bringing the passage which is leading to the bottom
round to such a position as to take the place of the one that was leading to the top; its

page_text: place being taken by the previously idle port which would lead to the opposite end of
the cylinder from the one just moved away.
A suitable construction of piston for the purpose of this invention can be as
follows:-
The piston is constructed in segments with a conical bush between one end of which
and shoulder or collar of the piston rod there is a spring to act upon the bush and
expand the segment of the piston as shewn in figures 12 and 13 or they can be made
as shewn in figures 5. 6. 7. 89.10 and 11.
For balancing the pistons are provided with a set of cavities exactly opposite and
of exactly same shape and size of the working ports as shewn in figures 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10
and 11 one half of the circumference of the piston being occupied by the working
ports and the other half by the balance or dummy port, the steam passage from each
of the working ports being communicated to the balance or dummy port by grooves or
channels round the face of the piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
Constructing Steam Motor Engines with cylinders and pistons as herein above
described and set forth for the purpose of obviating use of separate slide valves and
obtaining a sharper cut off than with valves driven from eccentrics or their equivalents.
1200 way of August 1000.
WILLIAM CLARKE,
Per L. W.
J. B. FURNEAUX,
Per L. W.
C. DOWSEN,
Per L. W.
WILLIAM CLARKE,
Per L. W.
J. B. FURNEAUX,
Per L. W.
C. DOWSEN,
Per L. W.