Improvements in Projectiles for Small-arms.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 25th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 28th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Projectiles for Small-arms.
I, HENRY AUGUSTUS SOHLUND, of 163, Aston Lane Perry Barr, near Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
My invention relates to projectiles for small bore rifles, which projectiles are to be
projected at a high velocity.
In order to economically obtain a long range with a rifle, it has been found desirable
to reduce the calibre. This necessitates a high rotary velocity and it has been found
that the usual bullets of lead or lead alloys were not sufficiently hard or serviceable to
take the grooves of the rifle.
The high forward velocity prevents the bullet assuming a rotary velocity by means
of the grooves unless the angle is very flat, then not sufficient rotary velocity can bé
developed to keep the projectile in its path or orbit.
Various means have been brought forward to overcome this difficulty, the inost
perfect being covering the lead projectile with steel, copper, nickel, or other covering
leaving the end open. It is however found in practice that owing to the envelope,
the projectile does not upset readily enough to take the grooves of the rifling, and
the same has to be cut away, in some cases as much as the length and a half of the
projectile. The rotation is not balanced as the rear of the projectile is liable to expand
unequally.
I am aware of an attempt to produce a lead bullet steel sheathed with the end open
and having a copper driving band let in on its surface, but on account of the end
being open the whole bullet is deformed. I am equally aware of attempts to make
bullets which shall not deform, by using Tungsten and compressing the same in a
copper jacket, the method used in compressing the Tungsten in some cases caused
inaccuracy of the bullets and difficulty of manufacture.
According to my invention, I construct a bullet having an inner and an outer case,
the outer case being so shaped as to take the grooves without the projectile being
deformed and allowing lead tungsten or any other suitable substance, to be used.
In order to carry out my invention, I provide an inner case of metal, preferably
steel, drawn up thin at the sides but having the bottom thick. Into this inner case
is placed the lead or tungsten compressed into shape and in one or two pieces, the
case being then choked down on the lead or other metal. The shape and strength of
the back should be such as to prevent the metal from upsetting and deforming.
This inner case is inserted into an outer case which is made with a raised belt for
the purpose of taking the rifling.
It will be apparent that very little energy is wasted and friction developed in
forcing this belt through the bore of the rifle. The body of the projectile bears only
on the top of the lands and since the surface-friction is only a tenth of a copper or
steel coated projectile a very great increase in speed is the result.
The ease with which the hollow belt or corrugation takes the rifling is of great
importance as the tendency of the smokeless and other powders at present in use is to
push rather than to project the bullet through the rifle and hence the copper coated
bullets often fail to take the rifling.
Dandal. 1.UL
1000
:

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Projectiles for Small-arms.
1, HENRY, AUGUSTUS SOULUND, of 163, Aston Lane, Perry Barr, near Birmingham,
in the county of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to projectiles for small bore rifles, which projectiles are to be
projected at a high velocity.
In order to economically obtain a long range with a rifle, it has been found
desirable to reduce the calibre. This necessitates a high rotary velocity, and it has
been found that the usual bullets of lead or lead alloys are not sufficiently hard or
serviceable to take the grooves of the rifle. The high forward velocity also prevented the
bullot receiving a rotary velocity by means of the grooves unless the angle was very
flat, and then sufficient rotary velocity could not be developed to keep the projectile
in its path or orbit.
Various means have been brought forward to overcome this difficulty, the most
porfect being covering the lead projectile with steel, copper, nickel or other covering,
leaving the end open. It is, however, found in practice that, owing to the envelope,
the projectile does not upset readily enough to take the grooves of the rifling, and
the same has to be cut away, in some cases as much as the length and a half of the
projectile. Thus the rotation is not balanced, as the rear of the projectile is liable to
expand unequally.
I am aware of an attempt to produce a lead bullet steel sheathed with the ond
open and having a copper driving band let in on its surface, but on account of the
end being open the whole bullet is deformed. I am equally aware of attempts to
make bullets which shall not deform by using Tungsten and compressing the same in
a copper jacket; the method used, however, in compressing the Tungsten in some
cases caused inaccuracy of the bullets and difficulty of manufacture.
According to my invention, I construct a bullot having an inner and an outer case,
the outer case being so shaped as to take the grooves without the projectile being
deformed and allowing lead tungsten or any other suitable substance to be used.
In the accompanying drawing,-
Figure 1 is an elevation, drawn to an enlarged scale, of a projectile constructed
according to my invention; and
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same.
Figure 3 is a view similar to figure 2 with the outer case removed, and
Figure 4 is a sectional view of such outer case.
Figure 5 shows in its natural size an elevation of a cartridge having my projectile
applied thereto, and
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section of such cartridge.
a is the inner case of metal, preferably steel, drawn up thin at the sides but having
the bottom & thick. Into this inner case is placed the lead or tungsten c compressed
into shape and in one or two pieces, the case being then choked down on the lead
or other metal as shown at d. The shape and strength of the back should be such
as to prevent the metal from upsetting and deforming.
e is the outer case into which the inner case is inserted which outer case is made
with a raised belt for the purpose of taking the rifling.
It will be apparent that very little energy is wasted and friction developed in
forcing this belt through the bore of the rifle. The body of the projectile bears
only on the top of the lands and since the surface-friction is only a tenth of a copper
or steel coated projectile a very great increase in speed is the result.
The ease with which the hollow belt or corrugation takes the rifling is of great
importance as the tendency of the smokeless and other powders at present in use is
to push rather than to project the bullet through the rifle and hence the copper coated
bullets often fail to take the rifling by not upsetting.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A projectile for rifles having an inner and an outer case, the outer case having
a raised belt adapted to take the grooves of the barrels of such rifles, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. The manufacture and use of the improved projectile hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated the 25th day of November 1889.
h day of November 1889.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.