IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PACTURE OF Paper Pulp.”
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Denny Ruck, of East Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PACTURE OF Paper Pulp.”
"
Sealed the 6th June 1871, and dated the 9th December 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Denny Ruck
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 9th December 1870.
I, WILLIAM DENNY RUCK, of East Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method and process of treating
and operating upon wood and other vegetable fibrous substances to
produce paper pulp. For this purpose I employ the following ingredients
any suitable
and operate therewith in the following manner :-I take
description of wood or other fibrous vegetable substance and boil it in any
suitably constructed vessel containing a solution composed of caustic soda
or alkali in combination with the following ingredients, matters, or sub-

page_text: stances, or their equivalents, namely, vegetable, mineral, or fish oil, or
any suitable grease or extract thereof, such as olive oil, tallow, and
stearine, in about the following proportions:-To every ton of liquor in
which the fibre is to be boiled I place twenty pounds of potash, fifty
pounds of oil and grease, and thirty pounds of water; the potash, oil
and grease, and water should first be boiled together for about six hours,
then mix this solution with the caustic soda liquor, and boil the fibre
therein for about six hours, according to the strength of the caustic
soda, and the pressure at which the boiling is conducted. When wood
fibre is employed, I recommend the wood to be cut into thin strips
before placing it in the boilers. After the fibre has been sufficiently
boiled it is then removed and washed in the usual way, and is afterwards
placed in a bath composed of dilute sulphuric acid, or sulphurous or
muriatic acid, either separate or in combination, in the proportion of
about two and a half to ten per cent. of the acid to the water. After
being in this bath for a short space of time it is removed, and, if desired,
can then be bleached in the usual way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Denny Ruck in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th June 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
DENNY RUCK, of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Denny Ruck, Her special licence that
I, the said William Denny Ruck, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said William Denny Ruck, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP," upon the condition (amongst others)

page_text: that I, the said William Denny Ruck, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Denny Ruck, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :--
This Invention relates to an improved method and process of treating
and operating upon wood and other vegetable fibrous substances to
produce paper pulp. For this purpose I employ the following in-
gredients and operate therewith in the following manner :-I take any
suitable description of wood or other fibrous vegetable substance, and
boil it in any suitably constructed vessel containing a solution composed
of caustic soda or alkali in combination with the following ingredients,
matters, or substances, or their equivalents, namely, vegetable, mineral,
or fish oil, or any suitable grease or extract thereof, such as olive oil,
tallow, and stearine, in about the following proportions:-To every ton
of liquor in which the the fibre is to be boiled I place twenty pounds of
potash, about fifty pounds of oil or grease, and thirty pounds of water;
the potash, oil or grease, and water should first be boiled together for
about six hours, then mix this solution or compound with the caustic
soda liquor, and boil the fibre therein for about six hours, according to
the strength of the caustic soda liquor, and the pressure at which the
boiling is conducted.
When wood fibre is employed I recommend the wood to be cut into
thin strips before placing it in the boiler. After the fibre has been
sufficiently boiled it is then removed and washed in the usual way, and
is afterwards placed in a bath composed of dilute sulphuric acid, or
sulphurous or muriatic acid, either separate or in combination, in the
proportion of about two and a half to ten per cent. of the acid to the
water. After being in this bath for a short space of time, it is removed,
and, if desired, can then be bleached in the usual way. The fibrous
material which I prefer on account of its cheapness is pine or lath wood
cut or reduced into thin strips, or grass of the various kinds now used

page_text: in paper making. The fibrous material is placed in a vessel suitable
for boiling under pressure. To the material in the vessel is added a
solution of caustic soda or alkali, strength of about 20 degrees Beaumé..
To this fibrous material and solution of caustic soda or alkali is added,
before boiling, a compound of oil, or grease, or extract thereof, such as
olive oil, tallow, and stearine, in about the following proportions :-For
every ton of the caustic solution I take about 20 pounds of potash, fifty
pounds of oil or grease, and thirty pounds of water, which are boiled
together for about six hours. This compound so boiled is added to the
contents of the vessel above described, and the whole boiled under
pressure, the period of such boiling depending upon the strength of
the caustic solution, and the pressure at which the boiling is conducted,
but I find a period of six hours and a pressure of 50 lbs.. to the square
inch to be sufficient in ordinary cases.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention for " Improve-
ments in the Manufacture of Paper Pulp," and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim the
exclusive use of the several substances herein-before referred to, except
when the same are employed in the manner and for the purposes of my
said Invention, which I hereby declare to consist in manufacturing paper
pulp by treating wood or other fibrous vegetable substances with caustic
solution, and adding thereto a compound of oil or grease and potash,
prepared as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Denny Ruck, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.