IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Tolhausen, of 149, Boulevart Magenta,
Paris, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks."-
A communication from Frederic Rudolph Vollschwitz, Manufacturer,
John James Schlaepfer, Merchant, and Charles Frederic Rauchfuss,
Merchant, residing in the City of New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 26th June 1866, and dated the 6th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Tolhausen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1866.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, of 149, Boulevart Magenta, Paris, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN Locks," a communication to me from Frederic Rudolph Vollschwitz, Manu-
facturer, John James Schlaepfer, Merchant, and Charles Frederic Rauchfuss,
Merchant, three Persons resident in the City of New York, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in combining with the sliding bolt
and bed plate of a lock a small detachable case containing the mechanism for
locking and unlocking, from which a false bolt projects, the head of which is
provided with holes or pins to drop over studs or catch into holes in the inner
end of the shank of the sliding bolt in such a manner that no more than two
holes are required in the lock plate to receive pins or rivets for the purpose of
securing to the same the case containing the mechanism for locking and
unlocking, and the same case can be used for lock plates of different size,

page_text: nothing being necessary for different sized locks but to change the length of
the shank of the sliding bolt.
The second part of this Invention consists of a lock in which the bolt, with
one or more tumblers, and also the latch (if such is used) is enclosed in a
cylindrical (either round or oblong) case, which can be inserted in a door by
boring one or more holes large enough to take said case, and thereby the
time requisite to make a mortise for the reception of the lock is materially
shortened.
The Invention consists also in so arranging the latch that it operates in a
slot in the head of the bolt, or it may be made to work side by side with
said bolt, the latch being operated by a handle, and the bolt by a key in the
usual manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Tolhausen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
TOLIAUSEN, of 149, Boulevart Magenta, Paris, Patent Agent for grant of
Letters Patent for an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks," send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick Tolhausen, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick Tolhausen,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick Tolhausen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for a com-
munication to me from Frederic Rudolph Vollschwitz, Manufacturer, John
James Schlaepfer, Merchant, and Charles Frederic Rauchfuss, Merchant,
three persons resident in the City of New York, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Frederick Tolhausen,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of. their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Tolhausen, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The first part of this Invention consists in combining with the sliding bolt
and bed plate of a lock a small detachable case containing the mechanism for
locking and unlocking, from which a false bolt projects, the head of which is
provided with holes or pins to drop over studs or catch into holes in the inner
end of the shank of the sliding bolt in such a manner that not more than two
holes are required in the lock plate to receive pius or rivets for the purpose of
securing to the same the case containing the mechanism for locking and un-
locking, and the same case can be used for lock plates of different size, nothing
being necessary for different sized locks but to change the length of the shank
of the sliding bolt.
The second part of this Invention consists of a lock in which the bolt, with
one or more tumblers, and also the latch, if such is used, is enclosed in a
cylindrical (either round or oblong) case, which can be inserted in a door by
boring one or more holes large enough to take said case, and thereby the
time requisite to make a mortise for the reception of the lock is materially
shortened.
The Invention consists also in so arranging the latch that it operates in a
slot in the head of the bolt, or it may be made to work side by side with said
bolt by a key in the usual manner.
These Inventions are represented in the accompanying Drawing, in which
Fig. 1 represents an inside view of a lock constructed according to the first
part of said improvement; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same; Fig. 3
is a longitudinal section of a lock, with an oblong tubular case constructed
according to second part of this improvement, and provided with a latch;
Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the same; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of
a similar lock, with a round tubular case, and without a latch; Fig. 6 is a
transverse section of the same.
In Figures 1 and 2 A represents the front or main plate of a lock of that
class which is generally used for drawers, cupboards, wardrobes, bookcases,
and all such doors or articles in which the locking and unlocking is always
effected from the outside, and never from the inside. The front end of the
plate is turned up and provided with a slot to receive the head of the sliding
bolt B, the shank of which is provided at its inner end with two studs a, the

page_text: object of which will be presently explained. C is a case which contains the
mechanism for locking and unlocking, and which is composed of a bottom and
top plate similar to locks of the ordinary construction. This case is fastened
to the lock plate A by means of two pins or rivets b, which project from said
lock plate through suitable holes in the bottom plate of the case, and which
are the only pins or studs required to be fastened in the lock plate. From
the case projects the false bolt D, the head of which is provided with two
holes c capable of dropping over the studs a in the inner end of the shank of
the sliding bolt B, .so that the reciprocating motion imparted by the key to the
false bolt D is communicated to the bolt B. it is obvious that the connection
between the two bolts may be effected in various ways. The mechanism for
locking and unlocking is so constructed that it can be enclosed in a case of the
smallest possible size conformable with the requisite strength, and cases of one
and the same size can be used for lock plates of different sizes simply by
shortening or lengthening the shanks of the sliding bolt B. By this arrange-
ment the manufacture of this class of locks is greatly simplified. The cases C
being all of one and the same size require only one set of punches and dies,
and the holes in the lock plates for the rivets or pins b can also be made with
the same punch and dies independent of the size of the lock to be produced,
so that nothing is required but to punch the four holes in the corner; whereas
with locks of the ordinary construction a separate set of dies and punches is
required for locks of every size. Furthermore, the lock plates of the improved
locks contain only two rivets, and they can, therefore, be easier polished, and
their surface is less liable to show a pin or rivet than the plates of ordinary
locks, which contain a number of studs and rivets, and the additional cost in
stock can be reduced in said locks by reducing the thickness of the lock plates,
which, having to sustain no strain, can be taken very light.
In Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, A represents a lock, the working parts of which
are enclosed in a cylindrical case B, which is secured to the front plate C by
rivets or any other suitable means; said cylindrical case being either round or
oblong, and of such a diameter or width that it can be inserted into a door by
boring one or more boles therein of suitable size to receive the case. The
working parts of the lock are composed of a bolt D, which is held in position,
when thrown in or pushed out, by a tumbler E, the head of which is provided
with two shoulders a, a', which catch either in front or behind of pins 6 pro-
jecting from the head of the bolt, as clearly shown in Fig. 3 of the Drawing.
The tumbler oscillates on a pivot c, and it is subjected to tho action of a
spring d, which has a tendency to keep its head in contact with the pin b.
When the key K is inserted and turned the bit e depresses the shank of the
b

page_text: tumbler, thereby raising the head of the same clear of the pin b, and at the
same time it acts on the bolt D, pushing the same in or out according to the
direction in which the key is turned and to the position of the bolt.
In Figs. 3 and 4, two tumblers are shown, and the bit of the key is so
formed that it acts on the bolt and the tumblers from whatever side it may be
inserted into the lock; but in Figs. 5 and 6 only one tumbler is shown, and
the lock is arranged to receive the key from one side only. The head of the
bolt (Fig. 3 and 4) is provided with a slot f, in which the head of the latch F
works. This latch is of the ordinary shape, and its shank extends back in
the case, and is exposed to the action of a spring g, which has a tendency to
throw the same out to the position shown in Fig. 3. F¹ is the nut, which is
constructed in the ordinary way, with a square hole to receive the stem to
which the bandles are secured, and with two wings which bear on shoulders
at the end of the shank of the latch, so that by turning the handle in either
direction the latch is forced back against the action of the spring 9.
It must be remarked that instead of placing the latch in the head of the
bolt, it might be arranged side by side with the same without changing the
internal construction of the lock, or the latch may be dispensed with, and the
5 and 6
tumbler, thereby raising the head of the same clear of the pin b, and at the
same time it acts on the bolt D, pushing the same in or out according to the
direction in which the key is turned and to the position of the bolt.
In Figs. 3 and 4, two tumblers are shown, and the bit of the key is so
formed that it acts on the bolt and the tumblers from whatever side it may be
inserted into the lock; but in Figs. 5 and 6 only one tumbler is shown, and
the lock is arranged to receive the key from one side only. The head of the
bolt (Fig. 3 and 4) is provided with a slot f, in which the head of the latch F
works. This latch is of the ordinary shape, and its shank extends back in
the case, and is exposed to the action of a spring g, which has a tendency to
throw the same out to the position shown in Fig. 3. F is the nut, which is
constructed in the ordinary way, with a square hole to receive the stem to
which the bandles are secured, and with two wings which bear on shoulders
at the end of the shank of the latch, so that by turning the handle in either
direction the latch is forced back against the action of the spring g.
It must be remarked that instead of placing the latch in the head of the
bolt, it might be arranged side by side with the same without changing the
internal construction of the lock, or the latch may be dispensed with, and the
Heck constructed as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
CLAIM.
1. The detachable case C (Fig. 1 and 2) containing the mechanism for
locking and unlocking, in combination with the lock plate A and bolt B, con-
structed and operating substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. A lock with a cylindrical case B, either round or oblong, as shown in
Figs. 4 and 6; said case being made to contain the bolt D and one or more
tumblers E, to be operated by the key K substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
3. The latch F, in combination with the bolt D and cylindrical case B,
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purpose described..
.In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Tolhausen, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord
1866.
F. TOLHAUSEN. (L.S.)