Year: 1887

page_text: A clerical error in the original complete Specification-viz., the transposition of
the applicants' names-having been amended by the Patentees, with the consent of the
Comptroller, the printed Specification will now accordingly read-
We, JAMES BANE PAYNE, Artist in Stained Glass, 88, Maygrove Road, West Hampstead,
Londen, N.W., and ROBERT DAVISON, Art Worker in Glass and Mosaic, 182, Marylebone Road,
London, N.W.

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 25th May. 1888
A New or Improved Portable or Fixed Gas Kiln for Burning and
Staining Glass, China, Enamels, Tiles, and Ceremic Wares also
Applicable to other Purposes.
We JAMES BANE PAYNE, Artist in Stained Glass, 88 Maygrove Road, West
Hampstead N.W. and ROBERT DAVISON, Art Worker in Glass and Mosaic, 182 Mary-
lebone Road N.W. Jointly do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
To provide a Portable or Fixed Gas Kiln or Oven, that will be quicker and more
certain in action and less expensive than any other method now in use, for Burning
& Staining Glass-China-Enamel-Tiles, & Ceremic Wares-from the smallest object
of the amateur to the ordinary requirements of artists and the trade generally-Also
the application of the waste heat to warm an auxiliary heating and annealing chambers
attached to the kiln altho they can be dispensed with, but the great value of same
manufacturers will appreciate.
To carry out the above Invention, we construct Kilns of various sizes to suit the
quantities of Glass, or objects required to be fired.
The Kiln is made in the following manner, we construct a rectangular, octagonal,
round or oval shaped Kiln, according to the requirements of the articles to be burned,
of Iron & Fire Clay, Polyphant, a Cornish Fire Stone, or other known fire resisting
stones.
The Kiln is made of any suitable length, depth or heights, having an open or fixed,
top & bottom, & a single or double door or doors of special make which may be fixed
on one, or more sides.
On the sides, & back of the interior of the Kiln, we provide a series of ledges or
rests, about an inch apart, upon which, we rest, & slide in & out, one or more, of
the solid or perforated plates of Metal, Fire Clay, Stone, or other suitable material for
shelves, upon which the Glass, or other objects to be fired are introduced into the
Kiln.
The lower ledges are used as supports for the moveable bottom, which is so made
that by lowering or raising the bottom or the top, the height of Kiln is increased or

page_text: diminished according to the number of plates used in firing the objects required. By
which means great saving of time, and heat is effected.
This moveable single or double bottom is made to fit perfectly & is constructed to
carry a series of one or more of our improved Atmospheric Burners, which are of a
special form & provided with our novel expansion, & mixing chambers applied to each
burner, in the following manner.
To an ordinary "inch (or other size as required) Gas pipe, we screw a dome shaped
chamber, which is larger, than the internal dimension of Gas pipe used, reducing
the chamber at the burning nozzle to the size of Gas pipe, by this simple means,
tho gas from the jet below, & the Air rush into this Chamber expanding the area;
while the contraction at nozzle cause the gas & air to be more perfectly mixed
before burning, this causing a perfect combustion, for special uses, & small Kilns,
we use another form of burner, of similar form of Gas pipe, with or without the
chamber above mentioned. We insert into the burning nozzle a piece of metal
ribbon, bent into zigzag shape, which divides the flow of Gas & air, forming a
kind of grating, over this we fix a disk or grill of metal, according to the require-
ments of Kiln; which acts as a heat distributor, by enlarging the flame from the
burning nozzle, thus distributing the flame more evenly from each burner on to the
plates, when special care is required, according to what is being burnt in the Kiln.
As we use a mixture of Coal Gas & Air for a fuel or where there is no available
supply of Coal Gas, Mineral or other Gas can be used with a slight modification of
the Burners. These Burners go through the bottom part of Kiln or lowest shelf and hang
below same and are held in their exact positions by the mixing chamber projection―
immediately under these Burners we fix a series of Gas pipes so arranged as to give
a supply of Gas to each burner-these supply pipes are used separate or fixed to the
moveable bottom or shelf as most convenient to the various sizes of Kilns-yet each
burner or supply has a separate stop cock regulator as well as each series having one
to regulate the force of supply from main service of Gas.
In this bottom we insert an air regulator of any desirable shape but the most
convenient is a sliding grill ventilator which admits the air more evenly into the
Kiln to assist in the better burning of Gas during the operation of the firing; wo
also place them on the sides or front in certain sized Kilns.
The Kilns are closed by a door or doors hereafter described.
We reserve to ourselves the introduction of the moveable bottom & burners into
the Kiln from either side or sides of Kiln.
of
To take off the products of combustion we arrange at the back of small Kilns & in
the centre of large Kilns a convenient flue to carry off this waste & used Gas, which
is regulated with one or more dampers, this flue leading the waste gas into the new &
novel auxiliary heating and annealing chamber or chambers, by which a great saving
gas is effected as the glass or other objects can thus be prepared & brought up
gradually to a certain heat ready to put into the Kiln at almost full burning heat &
when thus treated glass can be successfully & perfectly burned in fifteen minutes with
a cleanliness and perfection that cannot be got in ordinary Kilns in 5 hours-and
without any fear of breakages of glass-this chamber or chambers is placed at top or
sides as most convenient & of such size to suit the Kiln and are closed with ordinary
hinged or slide doors-These chambers can be dispensed with, as they in no way effect
the working of the Kiln.
The door or doors of Kiln may be single or double-but in which we place a series
of peep holes so arranged, with special covers, which are moveable, so as to give
an entire view of the interior of the Kiln & to watch the whole operating of Burning,
& examining the Burners. On this door or doors, and at the sides of Kiln where
required we fix a new & novel part of our invention, which we call the flame & heat
conductor, or guide for the distribution of the heat, or flame, evenly over the area of
the top of the Kiln, & is constructed thus-of pieces of metal fire clay or other suitable
material fixed on the door, & sides where required at any suitable angle, so as to
intercept the upward current of flame & heat from the burners, up the channels left, by

page_text: the shelves being shorter on one or more sides, as required, thus throw the flame straight
across the Kiln & prevent the flame impinging upon the articles to be burnt.
The Kiln being portable, or fixed can be placed in various ways, & fixed to suit the
convenience of artists, & manufacturers in any position, say on a hearth or table in
studio, where there are means to carry off the products of combustion, or they can
be fixed like other Kilns, or suspended from brackets from side walls of room, or even
from the ceiling, or on an iron stand on castors or wheels to move about.
All that
is required is to have the ordinary gas service of pipes near to unite to the series of
Burners in the Kiln, by common & ordinary gas unions, with clastic tubing or other
pipe all is then ready to turn on the Gas & the Kiln is ready for use.
Thus having described our Invention we claim
1st. The arrangement of a portable or fixed Gas Kiln with a moveable or fixed
bottom with series of burners to suit convenience of requirements.
2nd. The special expansion & mixing chamber attached to our burners also the gas
dividing ribbon & heat distributor.
3rd. The mode of ventilating the Kiln through the bottom and sides by sliding
valves.
4th. The flame & heat guide & distributor fixed on door or doors & sides of Kiln
when required.
5th. The application & introduction of our auxillary Heating & Annealing Chambers
for the utilization of the waste heat from the Kiln.
In witness we the said James Bane Payne and Robert Davison have set our hands
the 20th July 1887.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Portable or Fixed Gas Kiln for Burning and
Staining Glass, China, Enamels, Tiles, and Ceremic Wares, also
Applicable to other Purposes.
We ROBERT DAVISON, Art Worker in Glass & Mosaic 182 Marylebone Road
London N.W. and JAMES BANE PAYNE, Artist in Stained Glass, 88 Maygrove Road
West Hampstead London N.W. Jointly do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
To provide a portable or fixed Gas Kiln or Oven, that will be quicker and more
certain in action and less expensive than any other method now in use for Burning
and Staining Glass, China, Enamels, and Ceremic ware from the smallest object of
the amateur to the ordinary requirements of artists & the trade generally also the
application of the waste heat to warm an auxiliary heating chamber attached or
separate from the kiln altho it can be dispensed with or duplicated, but the great
value of same manufacturers will appreciate.
To carry out the above Invention we construct kilns of various sizes to suit the
requirements of glass or objects to be fired.
To make our invention more clear we annex a sheet of drawings.
The kiln is made in the following manner, we construct a rectangular, octagonal,
round or oval shaped kiln according to the requirements of the articles to be burned,
of Iron and Fireclay, Polyphant, a Cornish firestone, or other known fire resisting
stones or materials. The kiln is made of any suitable length, width and height having
a moveable or fixed top and bottom and a single or double door or doors, of special
make, which may be fixed on one or more sides.
On the sides and back of interior of kiln we provide a series of ledges or rests,
about one inch apart upon which we rest or slide, in and out one or more of the solid
plates of metal, fireclay, stone or other suitable material upon which the glass or other
objects to be fired are introduced into the kiln.
Some of the shelves being so constructed to take a cover, with or without a peep-
hole, which goes through the apertures formed in doors, (See Fig. 2 Let. M. m) thus
forming a close muffle shelf inside of the kiln for burning enamel or other colours of
delicate tones or careful enamel work on Glass Tiles or Metal.
The lower ledges are used as supports for the moveable bottom which is so made
that by lowering or raising same the height of kiln is increased or diminished
according to the number of plates used in firing the objects required, the upper ledges
can be utilised in a similar manner for a moveable top by which means great saving
of time and heat is effected.
This moveable double bottom is made to fit perfectly and is constructed thus
(See Fig. 1 2 4 5 6 7 9 Let. N). The upper plate is placed level with the nozzle of
burners leaving around each burner a certain space for the admission of air (in

page_text: certain cases an intermediate perforated plate is used) the lower plate is to carry a
series of one or more of our improved Atmospheric Gas burners, which are of
a special form and provided with our novel expansion and mixing chambers applied
to each burner in the following manner.
To an ordinary three quarter inch (or other size as required) Gas pipe we screw
a dome shaped chamber which is about one fourth larger than the internal
dimension of Gas pipe used and reducing the chamber at the burning nozzle to
about two thirds the size of Gas pipe. By these simple means the gas from the jet
below and the air rush into this chamber thus expanding the area while the con-
traction at nozzle causes the gas and air to be more perfectly mixed before burning
so causing a perfect combustion (
).
For special kilns we use another form of burner (
) of similar form of
Gas pipe, with or without a chamber as above mentioned, we insert into the nozzle
a piece of metal ribbon bent into zig zag shape which divides the flow of gas and
air, forming a kind of grating, (See Fig. 7, 8) over both these burners we fix a grill
of metal according to the requirements of kiln which acts as a flame spreader and
consumer by enlarging the flame from the burning nozzle thus distributing the flame
more evenly from each burner under the plates, when special care is required
according to what is being burnt in the kiln (See Fig. 245. Let. G) but we vary
the shapes and sizes of these to suit the sizes of kiln.
As we use a mixture of Coal Gas and air for a fuel or where there is no available
supply of Coal Gas, Mineral or other gas can be used with a slight modification of
the burners.
These burners go through the lower plate of the moveable or fixed bottom and
hang below same and are held in their exact positions by the mixing chamber
projection (See Fig. 7 Let. O.)
Immediately under these burners we fix a series of gas pipes so arranged as to give
a supply of gas to each burner, (See Fig. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Let. P) these supply pipes
are used separate or fixed to the moveable bottom or shelf as most convenient to the
various sizes of kilns yet each burner or supply has a separate stopcock regulator
as well as each series having one to regulate the force of supply from the main
service of gas.
In this lower plate we insert an air regulator (See Fig. 1 2 3 4 5 Let. E) of
any desirable shape but the most convenient is a sliding grill ventilator which
admits the air more evenly into the kiln. To assist in the better burning of gas
during the operation of firing, we also place them on the sides or front in certain
sized kilns.
The kilns are closed by a door or doors hereafter described.
We reserve to ourselves the introduction of the moveable bottom and burners
into the kiln from either side or sides of kiln.
To take off the products of combustion we arrange at the back of small kilns and
in the centre of large kilns a convenient flue to carry off the waste and used gas
which is regulated with one or more dampers this flue leading the waste heat around
the new and novel Auxiliary Heating and Annealing chamber or chambers (See
Fig. 2 Let. L) by which a great saving of gas is effected as the glass or other
objects can thus be prepared and brought up gradually to a certain heat ready to be
put into the kiln at almost full burning heat and when thus heated glass can be
successfully and perfectly burned in fifteen to thirty minutes with a cleanliness and
perfection that cannot be got in ordinary kilns in five hours, and without any fear of
breakage of glass.
This chamber or chambers is placed at top or sides as most convenient and of such
a size to suit the kiln and is closed with ordinary hinged or slide doors. These
chambers can be dispensed with as they in no way affect the working of the kiln.
The door or doors of kiln may be single or double but in either we place a series of
peepholes, so arranged with special covers which are moveable so as to give an entire
view of the interior of kiln and (See Fig. 2 3 5 Let. M) to watch the whole operation
of burning and examining the burners.

page_text: On this door or doors and at the sides of kiln where required we fix a new and
novel part of our invention which we call the flame and heat conductor or guide for
the distribution of the heat or flame evenly over the area of the top of the kiln also
for the more perfect combustion of the gases and is constructed of pieces of metal,
fireclay, or other suitable material fixed on the door or sides where required at any
suitable angle so as to intercept the upward current of flame and heat from the
burners up the channels left by the shelves, such being shorter on one or more sides
as required thus throwing the flame straight across the kiln and prevent the same from
impinging upon the articles to be burned (See Fig. 2. 5 Let. M).
The kilns being portable or fixed can be made any suitable size and can be placed
in various ways and fixed to suit the convenience of artists and manufacturers in any
position, say on a hearth or table in studios where there are means to carry off the
products of combustion or they can be fixed like other kilns or suspended from
brackets from side walls of room, or even from the ceiling or on an iron stand on
castors or wheels to move about. All that is required is to have the ordinary gas
service of pipes near to unite to the series of burners in the kiln by common and
ordinary gas unions with elastic tubing or other pipe, all is then ready to turn on the
gas and the kiln is ready for use.
On sheet of drawings see details thus
Fig. 1 Front elevation without doors.
Fig. 2 Sectional side elevation showing plan of burning muffle plate.
Fig. 3 Front elevation with doors.
Fig. 4 Plan at A. B. and C. D. of front elevation.
Fig. 5 Sectional side elevation of large kilns.
Fig. 6 Improved burner half size.
Fig. 7 Improved burner half size.
Fig. 8 Plan of improved burner shewing metal ribbon.
Fig. 9 Alternate form of bottom.
Thus having described our invention we claim
1st. The arrangement of a Portable or fixed Gas Kiln with a moveable or fixed
top or bottom with a series of hanging or fixed burners thereto to suit convenience or
requirements.
2nd. The arrangement of plates, such being shorter on one or more sides than the
interior of kiln thus allowing the heat to first pass under and then over them by
which means we can burn one or more plates.
3rd. The special Expansion and Mixing Chamber arrangement attached to our
burners, also the gas dividing ribbon attached to same and the Flame Spreader and
Consumer.
4th. The flame and heat guide and distributor fixed on door or doors and sides of
kiln when required.
5th. The application and introduction of our Auxiliary Heating and Annealing
Chambers for the utilisation of the waste heat from the kiln and arrangement of
muffle shelf in kiln.
In witness we the said James Bane Payne and Robert Davison have set our