IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND SHIPS BY APPARATUS FOR WARMING. CIRCULATING, AND PURIFYING AIR AND WATER, AND FOR EMPLOYING THE SAME AS SANITARY AGENTS: ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COOKING PURPOSES."
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Darsie Morrison, residing at 27, Grange
Road, Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
Surgeon Dentist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING
AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND SHIPS BY APPARATUS FOR WARMING.
CIRCULATING, AND PURIFYING AIR AND WATER, AND FOR EMPLOYING THE
SAME AS SANITARY AGENTS: ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COOKING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Darsie Morrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th March 1869.
I, JAMES DARSIE MORRISON, residing at 27, Grange Road, Edinburgh,
in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, Surgeon Dentist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING
AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND SHIPS BY APPARATUS FOR WARMING, CIB-
CULATING, AND PURIFYING AIR AND WATER, AND FOR EMPLOYING THE SAME AS
SANITARY AGENTS; ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COOKING PURPOSES." to be as
follows:-
-
41
This Invention for heating and ventilating buildings and ships consists
וגם:D

page_text: of apparatus for warming, circulating, and purifying air and water, and
for employing these as sanitary agents in the preservation of health and
life, and in preventing and curing decease. The chief part of the
apparatus is a grate with or without cooking range in the novel form of
a cabinet, and to fully explain my Invention reference is made to
accompanying Drawing.
No. 1 shews a section of an apartment with the grate (without the
cooking range). B is a fresh air tube open from the garden or atmo-
sphere; C is a series of sieves for filtering the air and freeing it from all
mechanical impurities. The vertical channel chamber D is for warming
the air on its passage to the horizontal channel chamber E, where it is
watered by the distillate from the connected boiler F; G is the mouth
by which the now purified, warmed, and watered air circulates. into the
apartment. In the floor in the opposite wall begins the return tube H,
which continues the circulation under the floor I, conveying the impuri-
ties gathered on the journey to beneath the fire J, when the current
divides, one part of it being forced into the fire to support the combus-
tion, and the other part subdividing into tubular blow-pipe ribs K to
supply the chimney draught, the radiation being thus left free to push
the circulation outward into the apartment.
The circulation through
the apartment is represented by the arrows. This air from the grate or
heating chamber to the return tube carries with it the conditions of life
for any number of animals or plants, and whatever impurities or
exchanged products arise from respiration or otherwise are absorbed by
the air and water in their circuit, and conveyed for destruction in the
fire. Thus the air and water in their circulation perform a double
function, that of feeding life on their entrance and of relieving it of
poisonous impurities on their exit.
No. 2 is the cabinet containing the grate, boilers, and cooking range.
As shewn it is closed, there being three rows of sliding doors. Door
No. 1 encloses the grate, No. 2 encloses the lowest oven, and the three
doors on each of the two upper ranges enclose a large oven, making in
all three ovens. At the base of the left-hand side column A the fresh
air tube enters from behind, and the air ascends the heating column B, is
delivered into the apartment through the opening C, or by tube outside
the cornice D. The cornice is removeable for chimney sweeping pur-
poses. Below the base of the right-hand column E enters from the
return circulation the foul air that does not pass to the fire through the

page_text: passage
C (see No. 3), and the column allows it to ascend and escape by
the chimney.
The interior of the cabinet is shown by Drawing No. 3, the doors,
rails, and semicircular bars being there removed; it is in three tiers.
The lowest tier is divided into two portions, A containing the grate
and B being an oven. The grate is semicircular for the pnipose of giving
direction to all the circulations, and being a more or less perfect com-
bustion apparatus it more or less consumes its own smoke according to
the draught. The impure air entering by C which feeds the fire pushes
the smoke into the flame to augment its volume to heat and ventilate
both the ovens and apartments.
The peculiarity of this part of the Invention mainly consists in
circulating fuel, whatever its kind, through one channel (3); the
impure air through another channel above the ash pan (1), and between
these two channels there is a third channel circulating the smoke (2),
all the three circulations moving in one direction parallel to each other,
and simultaneously circulating together into the flame of the fire, to be
there burned into new chemical compounds. Above the combustibles is
placed a semicircular boiler D, being the heater of the boiler at the back
of the cabinet from which the hot water supply for the house is obtained,
as seen at A in the section No. 4.
The boiler for purifying water by distillation for domestic purposes, for
cooking by steam, and for moistening the fresh air, is shewn by E on the
left of the middle oven, Drawing No. 3. The bottom and top ovens are
ventilated, as shewn by arrows, into the return air tube F rising on with
the ascending flue G into the chimney, and the ventilator H of the
middle oven rises directly from that oven on the left side of the ascending
flue.
This Invention, or modification of it, is applicable for draining any
number of rooms from below, and to warming any number of apart-
ments upwards by one fire. The circulation of the conditions of life by
agency of air and water through supplying, sustaining, directing, and
regulating apparatus is the novelty claimed for this Invention in its
application to hospitals and other buildings, transport and other ships,
and for houses for man, the lower animals, and plants.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Darsie Morrison in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DARSIE MORRISON, of 27, Grange Road, Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, Surgeon Dentist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said James Darsie Morrison, Her
special licence that I, the said James Darsie Morrison, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Darsie
Morrison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland; the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING BUILDINGS AND SHIPS BY
APPARATUS FOR WARMING, CIRCULATING, AND PURIFYING AIR AND
FOR EMPLOYING THE SAME AS SANITARY AGENTS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COOKING
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Darsie Morrison, my executors or administrators, by an instrument, in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent...
WATER, AND
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Darsie Morrison, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to
say).
The grate, which is semicircular in appearance between its pillars and
round from front to back, is composed of eleven principal parts, namely, a
base, a channel chamber back, an outer semicircular chamber, a chamber
dome top, an inner semicircular chamber, a circular fire-grating, an ash pan,

page_text: a fluted semicircular fire-brick back, a semicircular row of tube ribs placed
vertically, four quadrant doors, and door guides. The base, the upper.
part of which suspends the ash pan, accommodates the fire-grating, and
forms the undermost guide for the two lower doors, is simply an inverted
tray which closely fits the fire-place and covering the hearth forms a
reservoir or main drain, into which is gathered not only all the return
tubes from any or every part of the room or building, but acting as a
receiving box collects and holds all the vitiated air conveyed to it by the
tubes or smaller drains from wherever led. From this reservoir the fire
above it is entirely fed with all the air it requires for its combustion,
and not only this, but from this same reservoir is supplied upwards
through the inner and outer chambers all the air demanded by the
draught created by the heat evolved from the combustion and increased
by the rising temperature of the chimney. The products of combustion,
together with the air following the heat, escaping up the chimney
creates the demand for fresh air to supply the vacuum produced by the
exhausting tubes taking from the room the air they convey into the
fire and up the chimney. The fresh air is supplied by the channel
chamber back. The channel chamber back is so constructed as to be
complete within itself; firstly, giving effect to purifying the air by
silk, bair, or wire cloth sieves before admitting it; secondly, warming
the fresh air within by the conduction of heat from the hot air passing
upwards from the base through the outer chamber instead of by the
direct heat from the fire; thirdly, from a tray tank fitted like a
drawer, into its lid or cover is supplied any proportion of warm distilled
water-the warmed air is required to carry; fourthly, by its perfora-
tions above the tray tank the air is circulated into the room or building:
This double carriage of heat by both air and water admitting of light,
electricity, and sound travelling in the same direction not only contains
all the elements of climate but is applicable as an extraordinary com-
bination of sanitary agents. The outer semicircular channel, as already
noticed, provides against the possibility of the fresh air being dried,
cooked, or burned. The air passing through this channel from the base
to the dome, joining the air which has passed through the tube ribs and
also with the air which has passed up behind the fluted fire-brick from
the inner chamber, completely surrounds the products of combustion.
This intermixture within the dome besides burning the bad air evolves
heat, which the grate utilizes before allowing the products to escape up

page_text: Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation through C, D; Fig. 2 is a front view
of grate; Fig. 3 is sectional plan through A, B; Fig. 4 is a ground
plan.
A is the open air; B is the outer wire cloth seive for purifying the
air from impurities; C is the inner finer wire cloth, hair, or silk seive for
doing the same thing more perfectly; D is the tube enclosing the
seives and inserted into the wall for conducting the pure air into the
warming chamber D¹; D¹ is the warming chamber conducting the air
upwards to its upper horizontal part E; E, which may itself be moveable as

page_text: a cornice or cover, is so constructed as to contain a drawer or tray, which tray
while holding water not only gives effect to the warmed air passing over
and above it, but by means of the sliding ventilator opening or shutting
to a scale more or less exposes the water surface to the absorbing power
of the passing air; F is the moveable water-tank drawer for the supply
of moisture to the passing warm air; G is the chamber above the water
tank for delivering the now purified, warmed, and watered air into the
apartment; H is the drain or return tube which supplies the fire-and
chimney with air; I is the floor placed between the current going and
returning, under which the tube which conveys the return current is laid
from any distance by the grate; J is the reservoir or receiving box from
which the air is circulated upwards from the centre into the fire to
support combustion and circularly by the tubular bars or ribs K in front
by the semicircular passages L and by the passages behind. the fire-
brick L; M is the dome where the air from K and L' surrounds the
products of combustion from the fire O; L and N shows the course of
the air from J through the dome chamber to the chimney O¹; P is the
ash pan suspended within the base proper of the grate. Below this ash
pan is also suspended a perfectly fitting damper, made like a ventilator
to open and shut easily, which so completely closes up all the surround-
ings of the ash pan that no air can pass to the fire except by permission.
The air thus shut off from getting into the fire has no alternative but to
find its way through the semicircular chamber and spaces behind the
fire to the dome, where, meeting with gas, oil, spirit, or other com-
bustibles support the combustion. The heat evolved being sufficient
for mere ventilation answers very well for bedrooms or during summer
when fires are off.
DESCRIPTION OF SHEET No. 2.
Fig. 1 shows a section of an apartment with the grate A (without
the cooking range). B is a fresh air tube open from the garden or
atmosphere; C is a series of seives for filtering the air and freeing it
from all mechanical impurities. The verticle chamber, chamber D is for
warming the air on its passage to the horizontal channel chamber E
where it is watered by the distilate from the connected boiler F; G is
the mouth by which the now purified, warmed, and watered air
circulates into the apartment In the floor at the onnosite wall boring

page_text: E
where the current divides, one part of it being forced into the fire to
support the combustion and the other part subdividing into-tubular blow-
pipe ribs K to supply the chimney draught, the radiation being thus
left free to push the circulation outward into the apartment. This air
from the grate or heating chamber to the return tube carries with it
the conditions of life for any number of animals or plants, and
whatever impurities or exchanged products arise from respiration or
otherwise are absorbed by the air and water in their circuit and
conveyed for destruction in the fire; thus the air and water in their
circulation perform a double function, that of feeding life on their
entrance and of relieving it of poisonous impurities on their exit.
Figure 2 is the cabinet containing the grate, boilers, and cooking
range: As shown it is closed, there being 3 rows of sliding doors. Door
No. 1 encloses the grate, No. 2 encloses the lowest oven, and the 3 doors
on each of the 2 upper ranges enclose a long oven, making in all 3
ovens. At the base of the left-hand side column A the fresh air tube
'enters from behind, and the air ascending the heating column B, is
delivered into the apartment through the opening C, or by tube outside the
cornice D; the cornice is removable for chimney sweeping purposes.
Below the base of the right-hand column E enters from the return
circulation the foul air that does not pass to the fire through the
passage C (see Fig. 3), and the column allows it to ascend and
escape by the chimney.
The interior of the cabinet is shown by Drawing Fig. 3, the doors,
rails, and semicircular bars being there removed; it is in three tiers.
The lowest tier is divided into two portions, A containing the grate,
and B being an oven. The grate is semicircular for the purpose of
giving direction to all the circulations, and being a more or less perfect
combustion apparatus it more or less consumes its own smoke according
to the draught. The impure air entering by C, which feeds the fire,
pushes the smoke into the flame to augment its volume to heat and
ventilate both the ovens and apartments..
The peculiarity of this part of the Invention mainly consists in
circulating fuel, whatever its kind, through one channel (3), the impure
air through another channel above the ash pan (1), and between these
two channels there is a third channel circulating the smoke (2), all the
three circulations moving in one direction parallel to each other and
, simultaneously circulating together into the flame of the fire to be there

page_text: burned into new chemical compounds. Above the combustibles is placed
a semicircular boiler D, being the heater of the boiler at the back of
the cabinet from which the hot water supply for the house is obtained,
as seen in A in the Section Number 4.
The boiler for purifying water by distillation for domestic purposes
for cooking by steam, and for moistening the fresh air is shown by E
on the left of the middle oven, Drawing Number 3. The bottom and
top ovens are ventilated, as shown by arrows, into the return air tube
F, rising on with the ascending flue G into the chimney, and the
ventilator H of the middle oven rises directly from
left side of the ascending flue.
that oven
on the
DESCRIPTION OF THE HOSPITAL SMOKE CONSUMING, WARMING, AND
VENTILATING GRATE.
D is the chamber in which the air, after being purified (as at C in
No. 1. Drawing), is warmed, delivering it by the 6 tubes G on each side
carried to wherever the fresh air is wanted like so many arteries from
this chamber D¹ as from the heart to the centre to any place as a circum-
ference, where, after supporting the respiration of the patients, it is
returned from this circumference by the return tubes or veins H, H,
back again to the centre, but this time to below the fire ready to
support the combustion, and by the tubular ribs K to supply the
same foul air (which may or may not be burned in the fire) to supply
the draught (which would otherwise be supplied from the front of the
fire, taking out of the room the pure, warm, fresh air which had just
come in, and before being used by the patients. D on the centre of the
grate is the same D as in the range where it is a boiler for supplying
the house with hot water. It would correspond with E if it were used
as a still for distilling water, either or both of which it could of course
be made to do. The six lines on each side of this Figure are just so
many trays containing water, so that by the common form of sliding
ventilators they can more or less supply water to the air passing over
them, just as the air of nature passes over the sea. They in this form
would just look like so many drawers of a cabinet, the knobs serving as
handles to draw out the trays by to have fresh water put put into them;
these trays are within the breadth of the chamber F, F. The arrows,
as in the range, shows the direction of the currents of flame, smoke, and
air towards the chimney.
Having now particularly described and illustrated the several parts of

page_text: my. Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be carried out in
practice, I do not confine myself to the precise arrangement.or. form of
apparatus shewn, as many deviations therefrom may be made without
affecting the principle, plan, and peculiar features of the Invention; but
what I claim as novel is,
First. The novelty of a grate in a cabinet form complete in itself,
without requiring any mantelpiece or building in, which not only
answers all the required purposes of an ordinary grate, but is a
means of ventilation by the circulation of pure fresh air, heat, and
moisture. -
Second. The feeding of the fire solely by the vitiated air of the
apartment, or building, or ship.
Third. The collecting of the vitiated air from every part of the
apartment into the mouth of a tube or tubes leading into tubes laid
under the floor, or otherwise, direct to the grate, the air passing
into the fire from below, or otherwise, and having no escape but into
the fire or chimney.
Fourth. The grate being open to the apartment, and yet not being fed
in front with the air of the apartment, the current passing from it to
the mouth of the tube, and not to it.
Fifth. The return current of vitiated air being below the floor so that
in the room there is but one current from the grate to the opposite
wall, no matter what the distance employed.
And, sixth. The use of heat from fuel, whatever its kind, so as to
circulate the warm air and the warm water the air carries with it from
the cabinet, as conditions of climate and as sanitary agents.
Seventh. The threefold circulation of fuel, smoke, and air in my
hospital, smoke consuming, warming, and ventilating grate and cooking
range.
Eighth. The use of pure, warm, fresh air and warm distilled water as
sanitary agents, not only in medical or other hospitals, in transport or
other ships, but generally as as a means of preserving the public health,
and for promoting general longevity.
Ninth.
The use of
my smoke consuming grate as an individual
means of improving towns by the general consumption of smoke, and
of saving the wealth of the country by the economy of coal.

page_text: And, lastly. The circulation of air, air and water, air, water, and heat at
any rate, temperature, or in in proportion from any part of a building
or ship by the combustion of coal, coke, gas, oil, spirit, or other com-
bustible, the combustion of which is supported by air, fresh or otherwise,
lead to the seat of combustion by flues or tubes so as to make the air
describe the Figure in an endless circulation from heat applied at
the intersection, as seen at the dots; all as herein-before described and
illustrated on the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Darsie Morrison, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
JAMES DARSIE MORRISON. (L.S.)