matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTERS
Year: 1880

page_text: A com-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Redfern at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1880.
munication from abroad by James M. Harper, of Elpaso, Illinois, in the United
States of America.
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CASTERS." [A communication from abroad by James M. Harper, of Elpaso, Illinois,
in the United States of America.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to the construction of an improved
caster for furniture, sewing machines, stoves, and the like, and the improvements
consist of a portable device having journaled rollers adapted to serve one under
each leg of the article to be moved, allowing it to be easily and readily transported
from one place to another; and the novelty consists in the construction and
arrangement of parts, as will be more fully hereinafter set forth.
In carrying out the Invention a cup is employed adapted to receive the foot of
the article, and this cup is provided with three or more radial arms, into which are
journaled any suitable casters or rollers, which revolve freely. The arms are thus
extended radially to afford more extended bearings, to avoid tipping of the device
when forced in any given direction.
The cup and other parts may be cast, wrought, or otherwise formed, and any
form of roller may be employed.
The form of these parts may be variously changed without departing from the
principle of my Invention, which is to furnish a portable cup caster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUORS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hiram Codd, of 58, King William Street, in the City of
London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING
AERATED LIQUORS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hiram Codd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1880.
HIRAM CODD, of 58, King William Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUORS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in bottles for containing aerated
liquors.
I have for some time employed globular stoppers of glass in bottles for containing
aerated liquors, and in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, No. 2621, in
the year 1872, I have described a method of forming the bottles with internal
projections, so that the ball stoppers when displaced from their seats may not fall
down to the lower part of the bottle but be retained in the ueck, whereby the ball
is kept out of contact with the contents of the bottle, and the liability to breakage
there would be if it were allowed to fall to the bottom is avoided. Since the date
of this Patent glass stoppers of a disc like form have been introduced, and these
are very liable to chip if allowed to fall to the bottom of the bottle, besides which
the disc stoppers are very uncertain in coming to their seats when the bottles are
filled. According to my present Invention I provide inclines in the neck of the
bottle to receive the disc stopper as it falls, and these inclines are so formed that
the disc cannot turn over or escape from its place; but when the bottle is refilled
and inverted, the disc is guided back to its place and falls to its seat without fail.
For this purpose I indent the opposite sides of the neck of the bottle so as to form
two inclined shelves, upon which the opposite edges of the disc immediately it falls
away from its seat come to rest. These inclines are continued diagonally or in

page_text: inclined directions. across the neck of the bottle, so that the disc first comes on to
the inclines on one side of the neck and slides down to the other side, passing as it
does so to a part of the bottle which is of sufficient diameter to permit the liquid
to pass the disc freely as it is poured out.
The inclines also do not allow room for the disc in any position to turn over or
to set itself on edge, but all the movement which the disc is free to make is to slide
and pass along the inclines to and from its seat.
Also in some cases I contract the neck of the bottle a short distance below the
disc and give to it a corrugated form, so that the disc cannot fall past the con-
traction but will lodge with its edges in the corrugations and allow the liquor to
pass freely. I can also make bottles with double passages in the neck, in one of
which the stopper will lodge, whilst the other remains free for the passage of the
liquors.
IMPROVED TRICYCLE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Thomas Burton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1880.
ALFRED THOMAS BURTON, of No. 76, Regent Street, Cambridge.
IMPROVED TRICYCLE."
"AN
I construct my tricycle with two large wheels, between which the rider sits to
work the machine. One or both of these wheels may be used for propelling it.
In front of one of the large wheels (preferably the one to the right hand) I place a
small wheel for guiding. The novelty consists in the above arrangements of wheels,
the two wheels on one side running in the same track being of different sizes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIPHENYLAMINE OR ANILINE AND THEIR HOMOLOGUES OR ANALOGUES FROM PHENOL AND ITS HOMOLOGUES OR ANALOGUES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Doctor Edmund Drechsel, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors
of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIPHENYLAMINE OR ANILINE AND
THEIR HOMOLOGUES OR ANALOGUES FROM PHENOL AND ITS HOMOLOGUES OR
ANALOGUES." A communication from abroad by Doctor Edmund Drechsel, of
Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
The process of producing diphenylamine or aniline and their homologues from
phenol is as follows:-
10 parts in weight of phenol, 4 parts of sal-aminoniac, and 3 parts of oxyde of zinc
are heated in a closed vessel for about 40 hours to a temperature of 260-300 degrees
centigrade, and at the same time stirred when possible; the cooled crystalline mass
soaked with a colorless aqueous and with a dark green oily liquid is first extracted
in two operations by means of petroleum-ether, subsequently separated from the
latter (A) and dissolved in as small a quantity of hydrochloric acid as possible.
This solution is then diluted with water and again treated with petroleum-ether,
whereby three separate layers are formed, the bottom layer being a slightly green
colored muriate (B), the middle layer being very thin and of a black green
color (C), while the top layer is light yellow colored and consists of petroleum
ether (D). The petroleum ether solutions A and D are brought together, and
the petroleum ether removed by fractional distillation.
The residue contains besides diphenylamine a small quantity of phenol-ether and
some phenol, which latter is easily removable by treating it with a diluted solution
of soda, the residue being almost pure diphenylamine.
I mix the muriatic solution B with an excess of soda lye, and remove the aniline
by distillation with steam, the aniline being taken up by muriatic acid. From this
solution the aniline can be separated in a pure state by evaporation, &c., in the
manner already known.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA RUBBER LINED, SEAMLESS, WOVEN CANVAS, OR OTHER FIBROUS HOSE FOR CONVEYING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Giles Henwood, of the Irwell India Rubber
Works, Limited, & 28, Budge Bow, in the City of London, India Rubber,
Gutta Percha, & Steam Packing Manufacturer, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA RUBBER LINED, SEAMLESS,
WOVEN CANVAS, OR OTHER FIBROUS HOSE FOR CONVEYING WATER AND
OTHER LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Putent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Giles Henwood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1880.
FRANCIS GILES HENWOOD, of the Irwell India Rubber Works, Limited, and
28, Budge Row, in the City of London, India Rubber, Gutta Percha, and Steam
Packing Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INDIA RUBBER
LINED, SEAMLESS, WOVEN CANVAS, OR OTHER FIBROUS HOSE FOR CONVEYING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND FLUIDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manner or mode of lining
seamless woven canvas or other hose formed of fibrous material, whereby a better
product results, and by means of which a cheaper manufacture is obtained, whilst
at the same time greater strength is arrived at by the improved mode I have
devised.
In carrying out my Invention, instead of placing within the canvas, or other.
fibrous material forming the hose, a simple coating or lining of india rubber, as has
hitherto been usual in what is known as india rubber lined seamless canvas hose,
I employ an india rubber " proofed" cloth of any suitable degree of fineness or
coarseness with the "proofed" or rubber surface next the liquid or fluid, and make
it with either lapped or butt seams or joints covered with another strip or strips
of "proofed" cloth or india rubber sheet, or I may place the said strip or strips of

page_text: proofed cloth on the inside of the lining over the seam or joint, or I may use
both modes in combination, and insert the said lining of india rubber "proofed "
cloth into the hose formed of the woven canvas or other fibrous material in the
usual manner, and when properly placed, cure it as is usual in the ordinary
manufacture of such hose, and so as to ensure its firm adherence to the canvas or
other fibrous material forming the hose.
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CENEXT
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to, John Caldwell Bloomfield, of Castle Caldwell, County
of Fermanagh, Ireland, for an Invention of "IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF
CENEXT"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Caldwell Bloomfield at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1880.
ER
JOHN CALDWELL BLOOMFIELD, of Castle Caldwell, County of Fermanagh, Ireland.
'IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS."
In the Specification to Letters Patent granted to me on the 19th February 1880,
No. 738, I described an improved manufacture of white cement consisting of a
mixture of calcined limestone with sulphate of lime or other suitable sulphate, and
ground flint or silica. According to one part of my present Invention I produce
a pink cement by substituting for the ground silica in the above named compound
ground burnt red brick clay, or by preference old red brick buts thoroughly burnt.
According to another part of my Invention I produce a yellow cement by
substituting for the said ground silica ground burnt shale. In both the above
cements the other ingredients are in the same proportions and prepared in the
same manner as described in the said Specification to my previous Patent,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and
of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said John Caldwell Bloomfield
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th March 1881.
JOHN CALDWELL BLOOMFIELD, of Castle Caldwell, County of Fermanagh, Ireland.
"IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CEMENTS."
In the Specification to Letters Patent granted to me on the 19th February 1880,
No. 738, I described an improved manufacture of white cement consisting of n
mixture of calcined limestone with sulphate of lime or other suitable sulphate and
ground flint or silica.. According to one part of my present Invention I produce a
pink cement by substituting for the ground silica in the above named compound
ground burnt red brick clay, or by preference old red brick bats thoroughly burnt.
According to another part of my Invention I produce a yellow cement by
substituting for the said ground silica ground burnt shale. In both the above
cements the other ingredients are in the same proportions and prepared in the
saine manner as described in the said Specification to my previous Patent.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim,—
First. The manufacture of pink cement by the addition of ground burnt red
clay or brick to a mixture of calcined limestone with sulphate of lime or other
suitable sulphate:
-
Second. The manufacture of yellow cement by the addition of ground burnt
shale to a mixture of calcined limestone with sulphate of lime or other suitable
sulphate.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Caldwell Bloomfield, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
J. C. BLOOMFIELD. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Auguste de Muller, of Paris, France.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASKS." (A communication from abroad by Auguste de
Muller, of Paris, France.)
This Invention relates to a method of strengthening and consolidating the ends
of casks constructed with wooden staves.
To obtain this object the casks are fitted with internal metal rings in addition to
the usual hoops. The rings are made from angle iron, rolled with a sharp
continuous bead along one side or edge, and rivetted at their junctions.
To introduce these rings the outer hoops must be first removed and afterwards
driven tightly to their places in order to force the bead to cut its way into the
timber, and thus obtain a secure hold on the end of the cask.
By way of illustration a Sheet of Drawings is appended in which Fig. 1 is a
vertical section, Fig. 2 a plan, and Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 6 detail views of a cask con-
structed according to this Invention.
A is the cask; B, B, the staves; C, the internal angle iron ring with the sharp
bead D, shewn to a larger scale in Fig. 3. The ring is lap-jointed and rivetted at Ẽ
(Figs. 2, 4, 5 and 6); F, F, are the cask heads, and G, G, the external hoops.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANDS OR CLASPS FOR BINDING LADIES' HAIR, FOR CONFINING THE ENDS OF SCARFS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR USES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fulford Brown at the
. Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1880.
WILLIAM FULFORD BROWN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BANDS OR CLASPS FOR BINDING LADIES' HAIR,
FOR CONFINING THE ENDS OF SCARFS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR USES."
This Invention consists in the method of constructing bands for ladies' hair, for
scarfs, ties, or other articles of dress, without the employment of the usual joint
and pointed pin. With this view, in the place usually occupied by the joint I
pierce a hole, through which a rod or bar having a knob at each end is passed, so
as to move freely, the collar of the outside knob resting against the hole; this
forms the substitute for the usual joint; the other end of the rod is made by its
knob to take into a curved slot, catch, or spring lock. The hair or other article
to be fastened is thus held between the plate and the rod or band, thus avoiding
the use of a sharp pointed pin, or any hinge or joint liable to fracture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Posselt and Rudolf Peters
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1880.
"
ERNEST POSSELT and RUDOLF PETERS, of the Firm of E. Posselt & Co., of
Bradford, in the County of York, Merchants. IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON
FABRICS."
This Invention relates to further improvements in dyeing, for which Letters
Patents were granted to us, dated the Seventh day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty, Number 57, and the Thirty first day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and eighty, Number 445 respectively; and our present improvements
consist in further improvements in dyeing cotton fabrics, aniline black, or other
colours, and giving the fabrics an extra mordant and colouring bath after the
cotton fabrics have received a first colouring process.
For this purpose we employ similar apparatus fitted to dyeing cisterns as those
employed for our former Patents, that is to say, injections of the mordants and
dyeing mixtures or shower baths.
The cotton fabrics having been prepared in the usual manner aro passed over
rollers in a cistern containing heated water, passing on over rollers and through
squeezing rollers into another compartment or cistern, and receiving an injection
or shower of a mixture which is placed in a tank fitted over the cistern. This
mixture is composed of,—
Water
Solution of chloride of iron
Aniline oil
my
Muriatic acid -
Chlorate of potash
Sulphate of copper
131 gallons.
-
13
do.
3 do.
4
do.
6 lbs.
4 lbs.
But theso proportions vary according to the nature and weight of the cotton
fabrics to be treated.
When the goods or fabrics have been sufficiently impregnated they are removed
and wall
11

page_text: is placed in a tank fitted over the cistern, through which passes the fabrics. In
the top tank is placed a concentrated solution of bi-chromate of potash made
acidulous with muriatic acid, after this the goods or fabrics are well washed and
dryed; they are afterwards taken and passed in a cistern, in which is placed a
mixture of muriatic acid or sulphuric acid or zinc, to which is added some
bi-chromate of potash and sulphate of iron or copper.
The dyeing of the fabrics is then finished by passing them the required time in
a bath containing a mixture of dye woods and sulphuric acid; they are then woll
and energetically washed in water and finished in the usual way. We can employ
our method of giving an extra wood dye operation to cotton fabrics, which have
been dyed by any other aniline composition than the one described, or having
been dyed any fast colour, by which means we obtain better results with superior
dyed colours.
IN METAL LASTS' FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Livingston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1880.
HENRY LIVINGSTON, of the Town and County of Northampton.
IN METAL LASTS' FOR BOOTS AND SHOES,"
"IMPROVEMENTS
The object of my Invention is to prevent rusting of metal lasts as heretofore
made, and the accumulation of grease which forms on them by the constant
handling of the workmen.
According to this Invention I coat the metal last with an enamel, which is not
affected by moisture or grease, and I cause the perfect adhesion and durability of
same by preference by burning it on. I have from experiments found that what is
known as enamel paint answers the purpose in view.
By the use of this enamel the surface may be kept perfectly clean, preventing
thereby damage to the linings of boots and shoes by rust, grease, and dirt, which
occurs with "lasts" ordinarily used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLATES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrick Hermann Ludwig Stelling
and George Thomas Harrap at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 16th September 1880.
FRIEDRICK HERMANN LUDWIG STELLING, of Heap Bridge, in the County of
Lancaster, and GEORGE THOMAS HARRAP, of Chadderton, in the same County.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLATES."
The object of this Invention is so to construct dinner and other similar plates
so as to provide means for the reception of salt, pepper, mustard, vinegar, oil,
sauces, or other condiments used with food, and to prevent their liability to fall
down into the plate and become promiscuously mingled with the food thereon.
The Invention consists in providing or formning one or more recesses in the rim
of the plate, or in forming one or more suitable projections from the rim of the
same, or one or more recesses divided into two or more parts by partitions:
Such recesses (although preferably formed in the rim of the plate) may also be
formed in or against the side of the same, or partly in the rim and partly in the
side, or even at the bottom of the same by raised projections, or on or in the rim,
side, and bottom.
The said recesses may be made of any convenient shape, and should be of
sufficient area and depth to contain salt, mustard, pepper, vinegar, oil, sauces, or
such other condiments, flavorings, or accessories as are ordinarily used at meals
with food.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS DOM 19
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Neilson, of 175, King's Cross Road, London,
Engineer, and Tool Maker, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS
DOM 19
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Neilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1880.
ROBERT NEILSON, of 175, King's Cross Road, London, Engineer and Tool Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TARGETS AND BUTTS."
My Invention consists of an improved mechanical target or butt, the object of
which is to obviate the necessity of a score taker at the butt or target with all its
attendant risks and difficulties. The target or butt is constructed of iron, steel,
wood, or any other suitable material in such a nechanical manner that the instant
a shot or bullet or any other missile discharged from a gun strikes it, it will record
by means of electricity or other mechanical arrangement the exact point of contact
before the eye of the shooter, or at any other convenient place by means of an
"indicator."
My target can be made of any shape or configuration, but I prefer an ordinary
square or oblong disc having one or more circular, square, or any suitably shaped
plates, constructed in such a manner that the moment a bullet strikes any part it
will recede and give motion to a push pin, and transmit the movement by means of
an electric battery or other mechanical apparatus to the indicator fixed where
desired.

page_text: A represents a portion of target in section.
B, the spiral spring.
C, the back plate of target.
D, socket or bracket of target fixed to back of same.
E is a push or receding pin attached to section A of target working in socket or
bracket B. Attached to the said bracket is a small battery connected with the
firing point.
What I desire to claim as my Invention is the target as previously described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Neilson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
זIIY
Aזו
תתתת
COBERT NEILSON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOR PRINTING WITH ANILINE AND OTHER DYES OR COLORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George White and Robert
Alfred Albert White at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
3rd December 1880.
WILLIAM GEORGE WHITE and ROBERT ALFRED ALBERT WHITE, both of Paris,
France, but temporarily of Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COLOR PRINTING WITH ANILINE AND OTHER DYES OR COLORS."
This Invention relates to "Improvements in Color Printing with Aniline and
other Dyes or Colors," and has for its object to greatly facilitate the producing
a printed design in any number of colors at a single impression.
To carry out our Invention we proceed as follows:-We first dissolve the
required dyes or colors in any suitable solvent, such as methylated spirits or water.
We then add thereto a solution of gum or albumen for the purpose of fixing the
dyes or colors, after which we pass them into trays of glass, earthenware, or other
suitable material, which trays are then placed in a heated chamber in order to
evaporate all moisture therefrom.
The dyes or colors when so dried are finely ground or pulverised and then mixed
or ground up with a composition consisting of about 50 parts sheep fat, 7'/, parts
bleached bees wax, 7%, parts sperm wax, 4 parts paraffin, 40 parts Venetian
turpentine, 5 parts poppy or moss oil, and 9 parts boiled linseed oil. The dyes or
colors are mixed with this composition while the latter is in a molten state in
sufficient proportions to give the required shade or tint, and when the composition
is cool it is moulded or cut into any required shape or form according to the design
to be produced.
The design when complete is placed in a machine, and the material to be printed
on is damped with spirits of turpentine or any other suitable spirit or essence and
placed face downwards on the composition color block, and pressure applied thereto
by means of rollers or otherwise.
Another means we employ when using dyes after being mixed with the gums or
albumen is to mix them first while in a dissolved state with china clay until we
obtain the shade or tint required, we then dry as before described and mix with the
composition, thus dispensing with the beeswax, paraffin, and sperm wax.
After printing we lay the material in saw dust or any other suitable absorbent
damped with coal tar naphtha, or petroleum naphtha, or benzine, or petroleum
ether. We in some cases add 5 parts each of ammonia and acetic acid ; we then

page_text: cause pressure to be brought to bear thereon, and by this means we extract the
greasy or fatty matter therefrom. The goods are then allowed to remain in the
sawdust or other bath from 2 to 6 hours according to the thickness of the
material.
In printing with pigment colors where extra brilliancy is required we add
thereto dyes. The materials after being heated as described and after being
steamed are washed so as to remove the china clay therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING TAPES AND IN CASES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1880. A communication
from abroad by Knauth and Company, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand. in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEASURING TAPES AND IN CASES FOR THE SAME. A communication from
abroad by Knauth and Company, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
The Invention consists first in making measuring bands or tapes of woven fabric,
single or double, and coating the same with india-rubber of any suitable colour,
the rubber surface being provided with the required divisions or marks.
The Invention also consists in making the cases of measuring tapes of vulcanite
or hard india rubber, which, on account of its plastic nature, may be provided with
raised ornamentations or letters.
The case may be provided with a spiral spring for coiling up the tape when not
used, the spring being set in or out of action by a movable pin passing through the
face of the casing, and provided with a tapered slit for catching the spring.
The core of the tape may be woven of linen, cotton, silk, or other suitable fibre;
the tape may have divisions on one side, and ornamentations or names on the other,
and it may be used with or without a casing.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF POCKET BOXES FOR HOLDING MATCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Imray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1880. A communication
from abroad by François Pierre Crozier, of Paris, France.
JOHN IMRAY, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF POCKET BOXES FOR HOLDING MATCHES AND SUCH
LIKE ARTICLES." [A communication from abroad by François Pierre Crozier, of
Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improved construction of the double kind of pocket
box for holding matches and such like articles, that kind being distinguished by
the box itself sliding within an outer casing, and the object of the Invention is to
obtain cheapness and facility of construction and case of working, as will now be
described. The outer casing is made in one piece of thin metal plate closed at the
bottom and open at the top with a long slotted opening in its front side, and when
used for matches it is roughened on the bottom or side for striking the match.
The box proper or inner casing is in like manner made in one piece of thin metal
plate closed at the bottom and open at the top, and fitted to slide within the outer
case, but it is of less depth than the case. Part of the hinder side of the box is
bent a little inwards, and to this is hinged a cover made of thin plate, the hinge of
the cover being cranked downwards. On the front side of the box there is a
roughening or embossing, which may be according to an ornamental pattern,
presenting itself through the slotted opening in the front of the outer case.
it is desired to open the box the thumb is pressed obliquely upwards against this
roughened or embossed part, causing the inner box to slide upwards until the binge
of its cover attains the top edge of the box, whereupon the cover falls back,
exposing the matches or other contents of the box. For closing the box the
pressure of the thumb is directed obliquely downwards causing the inner box to
slide down, in which movement the crank of the hinge cover is acted on by the
back edge of the outer casing so as to close down the cover.
When
IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING A MULTIPLICATION OF COPIES OF ANY MATTER PRINTED BY TYPE PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Horatio Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1880.
" AN
GEORGE HORATIO JONES, of Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING A MULTIPLICATION OF COPIES OF ANY MATTER
PRINTED BY TYPE PRINTING MACHINES."
The Invention consists of a thin sheet of gelatine or a coating of gelatine or
albumen, or other similar substance being applied to a sheet of paper or linnen, and
used in the same way, but instead of paper in the use of type printing machines.
2ndly. The use of a dye or prepared ink instead of the use of ordinary ink now used
in type printing machines. The sheet of gelatine or prepared ink having been printed
upon may be removed from the machine and pressed upon in contact with the
paper intended to receive the copy of such printing, and thus any number of copies
may be obtained, as and in a similar way writing is now copied by the several
gelatine writing copying machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PRESS PLATES FOR OIL- PRESSES USED FOR PRESSING LINSEED, COTTONSEED, AND OTHER CAKES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Pearson Thacker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1880.
ROBERT PEARSON THACKER, of 5, Knowsley Buildings, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH PRESS PLATES FOR OIL-
PRESSES USED FOR PRESSING LINSEED, COTTONSEED, AND OTHER CAKES."
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of press plates for oil-presses
that will make a better or more handsome cake, and with less wear and tear on
the bags than those now in use, and will at the same time be cheaper and more
easily repaired.
Instead of forming the plates entirely of iron with the corrugations rolled,
pressed, or otherwise formed in the same, I make them in a composite form. I also
construct them with the furrows running the length of the cake, though of course,
if desirable, I could place them transversely or otherwise. I find however that the
strain on the bags in conforming themselves to the surface of the plate is less when
the furrows are longitudinal than when transverse or otherwise. The name plate,
as hereafter described, can also be more easily inserted, and the general effect is
better. The plan I have actually adopted in my experimental plate is this:-I take
a rectangular piece of wrought iron or steel boiler plate the size required; at the
ends of this on the upper and under surface I flush, rivet, or attach with counter-
Bunk screws a strip of bar iron having the edge facing the centre of the plate of an
overhung bevelled section. Between these, and fitting or "dovetailed" under the
overhung edges, I insert strips of hard wood, shaped so as to form the strips,
covering a space a few inches wider than the bags. If a name or trademark is
required a brass or other plate in the centre is sunk in the wooden strips. Outside
the wood I attach with countersunk screws or rivets on each edge and on each
side strips of bar iron to hold all tight, The bar iron all round slightly projects
above the wood, but flush with the bar iron, and covering the wood and the brass
plate all over, and pressed down so as to exactly follow the contour of the same, I
nail a sheet of bright smooth metal, such as tinned iron, sheet brass, or copper;
this metal follows the surface of the materials beneath, but rounds off the corners,
so that there is not that tearing of the bags so troublesome with naked iron plates.
I may sometimes nail over the edge of the covering of sheet metal and over the
bar iron a strip of hair or hempen material, so as to form a guide to the bag, and
also to prevent the chance of the edges of the sheet metal or bar iron from cutting
any bag that might by carelessness or unskilfulness be placed partly over the said
edges.
APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CUTTING, SPLITTING, AND BUNDLING WOOD
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Cowlin Barker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1880.
FRANK COWLIN BARKER, of the City of London, Merchant.
APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR CUTTING, SPLITTING, AND BUNDLING WOOD."
1
"
"
"AN IMPROVED
In carrying out my said Invention I arrange a horizontal slide worked by a
crank, disc, or cam, or equivalent therefor. The said slide (which works in suitable
guide pieces) contains a series of small knives or cutters; and at right angles
thereto I arrange a broad chopping knife or blade, for the purpose of slicing the
wood after the same has been scored by the first named knives or cutters.
The edge of the said knife or
slicer "
is, instead of being horizontal, cut by
preference to an angle the best suited for the purpose intended. The said chopping
knife or
"slicer" is worked by a crank, cam, eccentric, or suitable equivalent
therefor, and motion is imparted thereto from the driving shaft of the apparatus or
machine through the intervention of bevil wheel gearing or suitable mechanical
equivalents therefor.
The wood to be cut and split is kept up to the before described arrangement of
cutting and splitting apparatus by any of the well known arrangements of feeding
contrivances or apparatus.
"
After the small knives or cutters before described have passed once through the
wood I cause a pair of mechanical claws to grip the wood when the chopping knife
or slicer descends and slices the wood into pieces or sticks. When the said chopping
knife or slicer ascends the before mentioned mechanical claws are at once put into
motion by a suitable mechanical contrivance, and on reaching a certain position
relatively to the machine they are caused to open and release and deliver the now
formed "sticks or pieces into a rocker or shoot, the bottom of which is formed
semi-circular in shape. After the wood enters the shoot and the required quantity
is delivered into it a plunger or ram is then brought into action, so as to force the
Baid sticks or pieces (intended to form the complete bundle) through a cylinder, the
front of which is trumpet or funnel shaped. The wood on being forced half way
out of the said cylinder comes under the operation of a "compressor," which grasps
the end of the bundle, and which said compressor is brought into action by the

page_text: intervention of cams or levers, or the mechanical equivalents therefore operated
from the main driving shaft. The said " 'compressor" containing the bundle of
wood remains in position a sufficient time to allow of the bundle being tied in
the usual manner; when the bundle is tied the compressor then releases it, by
which time the "rocker" or shoot has again become charged with the necessary!
quantity of pieces or "sticks," the plunger or ram before mentioned again coming
into operation and forces out the already tied bundle of wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR SUPPORTING AND SECURING TELEGRAPH AND OTHER WIRES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wells and Arthur Gilbert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1880.
GEORGE WELLS, of 12, North Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer,
and ARTHUR GILBERT, of Worcester Park, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN INSULATORS FOR SUPPORTING AND SECURING TELEGRAPH AND
OTHER WIRES."
Our Invention has for its object the production of an insulator so constructed as
without affecting the insulation to secure the wire so that in the event of the wire
breaking between any two posts the other parts of the wire on the other sides
of the posts, between which the breakago occurs, shall remain securely held as
before.
The better to describe our Invention, Figure 1 in the annexed Drawing repre-
sents a section taken through the insulator in a line with the wire; Figure 2, a
transverse section; Figure 3, a horizontal section at A, B, Figure 1; and Figures
and 5, similar horizontal sections, showing the wire F going off at a right angle.
It will be seen that the insulator proper is of the ordinary bell shape. The part C
has embedded in it at the time of making a screw bolt D, so that when the wire
after being properly strained is laid in the groove made for its reception in the
part C, the cap E of the insulator, which has a corresponding groove, and through
the centre of which the bolt D passes, is placed thereon, and by means of the nut G
is brought to bear tightly upon the wire F, which is thus rigidly held between the
grooves in the insulator C and cap E. The bolt D is made of the shape as shown
in Figure 2, so as to allow of the wire being readily placed in or removed from the
insulator and at the same time to bring the pressure of the nut directly over the
centre of the cap.
When the wire F is required to be led off at any angle from the straight line the
groove in the insulator C may be as shown in Figure 4, or as in Figure 5. If as in
Figure 4 the bolt D will be similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 2, but if as in
Figure 5 the bolt will be straight, as it will not then in any way interfere with the
wire F, the bend of which is placed out of the centre in order to give greater
strength to that part of the insulator against which the strain will come.
Instead of making the seat of the groove in which the wire rests a convex ridge,

page_text: as shown in Figure 1, the seat may be made flat or concave, the cap in either case
being made to correspond, but we prefer the convex ridge, as shown.
The iron bolt H connecting the insulator to the arm of the post may also be
embedded in the part C of the insulator at the time of making, and may be of a
forked shape extending upward on either side of, but clear of contact with, bolt D 5
to points close to the groove in which the wire rests, so as further to strengthen the
insulator to take the sudden strain cast upon it by the breaking of the wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hannay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1880.
THOMAS HANNAY, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Iron
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the construction of railway
carriages, has for its objects to render such carriages less liable to be injured in
collisions on railways, and also less liable to leave or be thrown off the rails in a
collision than is the case with railway carriages as at present constructed.
The Invention has also for its object the providing generally safer and more
comfortable railway carriages.
The Invention consists in constructing the body of the carriage of a cylindrical
or oval, or partly cylindrical, partly oval, or partly rectangular tube, the said tube
being continuous from end to end of the carriage. By this construction the body
of the carriage is of the form best suited for resisting the thrust or compressing
strains of a collision, and the tube may be strengthened by rivetting bars or ribs
of angle or T iron to the interior or exterior, or both. This construction also admits
of the dispensing with the usual framing on which the bodies of railway carriages
are carried, and when provided with bogies at each end the bogie pins may be
attached directly to the body of the carriage, by which arrangement the body of
the carriage may be brought lower down, with a reduction of height from the rails
of the centre of gravity of the load. In order to distribute the endwise thrust or
pressure against each other of the carriages composing a train, the buffers are
arranged three, four, or more in number at equal distances from the centre or axis
of the body of the carriage, which arrangement by causing an even distribution of
the pressure protects the carriages from rising up from the rails in a collision or
analogons casualty. The doors for entering the carriages are placed at the ends
with platforms and side openings, and the buffers may be placed sufficiently wide
apart so that their rods shall not interfere with the entrance to and exit from the
carriages; or short buffers, that is to say, without buffer rods, may be fixed on the
ends of the carriages themselves.
The interior of the carriages may be fitted up with partitions or not, and when
partitions are used it is preferred that they they should be made of strong network
lined or covered with cloth or leather. Any spaces at the sides, top, or bottom of

page_text: the tube not utilized for passengers' seats, or other fittings, may be used as reservoirs
for gas, or for blowing warm air or water through for warming the carriage, or
such spaces may be made into receptacles for luggage.
A part of the object of the present Invention may be carried out with existing
railway carriages, by placing a longitudinal framing or thrust bars at or near the
tops of such carriages and fixing buffers thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund William Halliday at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1880.
EDMUND WILLIAM HALLIDAY, of 21, Brislington Crescent, Bedminster, in the
County of Somerset, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in steering apparatus. For the
purpose of steering ships and vessels, I key or firmly fix a tiller on the neck of the
rudder, and at a short distance above the tiller I mount a cross head to turn freely
upon the rudder neck, except that I connect the cross head with the tiller by two
strong steel pins or bars, so that motion imparted to the cross head is transmitted
to the tiller through the steel pins or bars. These pins or bars act as springs, and
they yield to some extent to blows struck by the sea upon the rudder, so that these
blows are not communicated in their full force to the cross head, and the apparatus
hereinafter described by which the cross head is controlled. This apparatus is as
follows: Upon the ends of the cross head and on the upper side of it blocks are
attached by pins or studs, and these blocks enter inclined grooves in an horizontal
plate, which is caused to slide along guides in a fore and aft direction by a screw on
the axis of the steering wheel. The screw on the axis works through a nut which
is firmly bolted to the sliding plate. When the sliding plate is slidden to and fro,
as a consequence of the inclination of its grooves, it imparts a motion to the cross
head around the neck of the rudder or its axial line, and this motion is imparted to
the tiller through the steel pins or bars already mentioned, and so steering is
effected. Similar steering apparatus may be used at a distance from the stern of
the ship with connections passing to the tiller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Restieaux and William
Willans Stead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th
January 1880.
EDWARD RESTIEAUX, of Abbey Foregate, and WILLIAM WILLANS STEAD, of Pride
Hill, both of Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS."
This Invention relates to improvements in umbrella & parasol runners, with
which is combined, when required, a cap for holding or maintaining the ribs close
to the stick, & consists of an outer tube with the attachment for the stretchers to
be wired or otherwise fastened thereto. Within this tube (which is provided with
an angular alot or opening) works freely an inner & longer tube, to one end of which
the cap attached; a fixed stud or pin which works in the angular slot in the
outer tube is fitted to the said inner tube. The opposite end of the inner tube is
provided with two angular slots, one on each side, & a pin is driven through the
stick where the stop is usually placed, the old fashioned springs being dispensed
with. In order to open the umbrella the cap must be first turned till the stud or
pin on the inner tube is in the vertical portion of the slot in the outer tube so as
to enable it to be released from the tips of the ribs, the runner is then pushed
upwards until the pin driven through the stick enters the vertical portions of the
slots in the upper end of the inner tube; the cap with the inner tube is then turned
in the same direction as the horizontal portions of these slots, upon which the
aforesaid pin enters therein and secures the runner in position, thereby maintaining
the umbrella open. In order to close the umbrella the cap and inner tube are turned
in the reverse direction, when the pin in the stick enters the vertical portions of the
slots in the inner tube & the runner may be slipped down the stick, thus closing
the umbrella, & by pushing down & turning the cap in the same direction as
the horizontal portion of the slot in the outer tube, the pin or stud in the inner
tube enters this part and prevents the cap rising from off the ends of the ribs.