A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT L MACHINERY, PENS, AND PRESSES FOR RULING AND PRESSING PAPER,
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BANKS, of Spring Hill Terrace, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS, by His Royal Letters Patent, dated the Seventeenth day of
August, in the sixth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the
Fourth, after reciting that 1, the said William Banks, had, by petition,
humbly represented unto His said Majesty that I had, after much study and
expence, invented "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT L MACHINERY, PENS, AND PRESSES
FOR RULING AND PRESSING PAPER," which Invention I believed would be of
great public utility, that I was the first and true Inventor thereof, and that
the said Invention had not been practised or used by any other person or
persons, to the best of my knowledge or belief, and had humbly prayed His
said Majesty would be graciously pleased to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for the sole benefit and
advantage of the said Invention, within that part of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
for the term of fourteen years, pursuant to the Statute in that case made and
provided, His most Gracious Majesty did give and grant unto me, the said Wil-
liam Banks, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial license,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Banks, my

page_text: "
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executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and
themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such
others as I, the said William Banks, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
shall at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, shall and lawfully
may make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention within that part of the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, in such manner as to me, the said William
Banks, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, shall in my
or their discretion seem meet; and that I, the said William Banks, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and
enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time
coming, growing, accruing, and arising_by reason of the said Invention, and
during the term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy
the said powers and privileges for fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be complete and
ended, according to the Statute in that case made and provided; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso in the words or to the effect following,
that is to say "Provided also, that if the said William Banks shall not
"particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
"in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing,
"under his hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in Our High Court
"of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the date
"of these Our Letters Patent, that then these Our Letters Patent, and all
"liberties and advantages whatsoever hereby granted, shall utterly cease, deter-
"mine, and become void, anything herein-before contained to the contrary
"thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
<<
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Banks, do hereby declare that the nature of my said. Invention and
improvement, and the manner in which the same are to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference, being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures,
letters, and numbers marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention and improvement consist,-
First, in adopting and applying a circular cylindrical or round spindle with
a lever connected at one end of it, and with a set of moveable metallic pens
upon the circular spindle, detached from each other, and which admit of an
easy and accurate adjustment along the circular spindle; and the moveable

page_text: pens are made in a trough form to receive a charge of ink in sufficient
quantity to continue the ruling with the moveable pens a considerable time
before they require a fresh charge. The moveable pens may be charged or
supplied with the different coloured inks to rule black, blue, red, or any other
coloured lines at one and. the same time of ruling, and to any pattern which
may be required, and by elevating the point or points of one or more pens in
one or more degrees above the level of the points of the other pens, as shall be
found necessary, and increasing the pressure on the moveable pens in the act
of ruling by the lever attached to the circular spindle, and bringing down the
elevated pens to bear upon the paper, "stop lines". may be ruled at one and
the same time as the other lines, whether of one or more colours, are being
ruled with the ruling machine.
Secondly, in the use of rollers made of iron, or any other metal sufficiently
hard, and having a smooth or polished surface, which rollers are cast hollow
for the purpose of receiving a bar of heated iron or other metal into them
through the necks of the rollers, thus communicating heat to them, and by
this means perform the operation of hot pressing, or the said rollers may be
used without the application of heated iron or other metal, and perform the
operation of cold pressing by passing the substance to be hot pressed or cold
pressed through or between the rollers, which must be sufficiently tightened or
screwed down to effect the degree of pressure required.
Thirdly, my Invention or improvement for ruling with a circular spindle
lever and moveable pens may be used with wood rollers instead of metal ones,
as before described, for hot pressing or cold pressing; also the rollers for hot
pressing or cold pressing may be used distinctly and without reference to the
circular spindle lever and moveable pens; and though I consider the circular
spindle the most eligible form for applying my Invention and improvement, yet
I do not confine myself to that form, as I can use a square, triangular, or oval
spindle, to each of which moveable pens may be applied in the same manner
as they are applied to the circular spindle; and I use brass, iron, steel, or any
other metal or suitable material in making the said spindle or spindles, lever,
or pens, or any part of them.
Figure 1 represents a perspective Drawing of a ruling machine with my
Invention and improvement applied to it. A, A, A, A, A, A, is the frame-
work upon which the machine is fixed, and may be of wood, iron; or any other
metal or material suitable for the purpose. B, B, chocks or carriages
carrying the rollers D, D. C, C, are chocks or carriages carrying the
rollers E, E. 'D, D, are the rollers to which the power to work the ruling

page_text: machine is directly applied, and are connected by two toothed wheels fixed on
the ends of the rollers beyond the further chock B, and which rollers may be
used for hot pressing by introducing a heated bar through the orifice I, the
upper roller having a similar orifice at the other end of it, or the rollers may be
used for cold pressing only, as before described; or the rollers may be of wood
or other suitable material, if the machine is used only for ruling. E, E, rollers
connected with the rollers D, D, by means of the ticking G, G, which is
an endless cloth, or any other flexible substance connecting the two lower
rollers D, E. The upper surface of this endless cloth G forms a plane over
which the paper passes in the operation of ruling. a, a, a, a, a, a, a, endless
strings passing round the upper rollers D, E, for the purpose of holding the
paper which is being ruled flat and tight upon the upper plane G; b, a roller
lying immediately under the points of the ruling pens to present a hard
surface to them, and meet the pressure imparted through the handle c.
F, a board on which the paper is laid preparatory to its passing through the
rollers D, D. H exhibits my Invention or improvement for ruling, consisting
of a circular spindle with a set of moveable pens upon it, detached from each
The
other, and capable of receiving different and accurate adjustments.
spindle is attached to the chocks or carriages B, B, as shewn in the Drawing,
and is acted upon through the lever c, and the connecting link d:
spring upon which the lever c rests. K is the handle by which the ruling
machine is put in motion and worked.
n is a
Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective Drawing of one of the moveable pens, as
shewn at H, in Figure 1. f is the brass box which fits upon the circular
spindle. g is the pen with the trough form to contain the ink; it is made of
latten brass, and is connected with the box f by springs and screws, as shewn
in the Drawing. i, i, are springs which serve to connect the pen with the
box f, and allow the pen to rise and fall perpendicularly. k is the point of the
pen at which the ink is delivered. A pen may be formed with one or more of
these points, so as to rule two or more lines close to each other, and at
the same time. The process of working the improved ruling machine is in
the manner following:-A sheet of paper is placed on the board F; it is then
passed through the rollers D, D, and when the edge of the paper comes to the
roller the workman, by means of the lever c at the end of the circular
spindle, presses the points of the moveable pens upon the paper, which thus
becomes ruled as it passes over the upper plane G, and when stop lines are to
be ruled, the workman, by further pressure through the lever c, brings the
elevated pens to act upon the paper being ruled, and by witholding or taking

page_text: off the last-mentioned pressure, the stop pens, by means of the spring n, return
to their former elevation, and cease to act.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Banks, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
Ambrose Wallace, of Little Bloxwich, in the County of Stafford, Com-
mission Agent, maketh oath and saith, that, on the Twenty-seventh day
of August last, William Banks, late of Spring Hill Terrace, near Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, did sign, seal, and as his act and deed, acknowledge
and deliver a certain deed poll or Instrument in writing, hereunto annexed,
bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August last, purporting to be a Speci-
fication describing and ascertaining the nature of the said William Banks'
Invention of A certain Improvement in Machinery, Pens, and Presses for
Ruling and Pressing Paper. And this deponent further maketh oath and
saith, that the name "W" Banks," set at the foot of the said deed poll as
the party executing the same, is of the proper handwriting of the said William
Banks, and that the names or characters "Richard Banks and Ambrose
Wallace, endorsed on the said deed poll as witnesses to the signing and
sealing thereof by the said William Banks, are of the respective handswriting
of the said Richard Banks and of this deponent Ambrose Wallace.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Affidavit of the said Ambrose
Wallace, the Instrument aforesaid was inrolled, word for word, as above
written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late
Majesty King George the Third.
TARDILEY