IMPROVE- MENTS IN FRAMES FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING THREADS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FRAMES FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING THREADS."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Constant Sauval, of Amiens, France.
aled the 17th April 1868, and dated the 18th October 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th October 1862.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING THREADS," (commu-
nicated to me from abroad by Constant Sauval, of Amiens, France,) to be
as follows:-
By this Invention two operations, which hitherto were performed upon two
separate frames or machines, are now effected in one frame.
Figure 1 is a cross section of the frame, the toothed and driving gear
being removed. The standard a, for supporting the cops b, is furnished with
two bars c, with apertures for receiving the heads of the spindles carrying
the cops, in order that they may always present the woollen threads
vertically. The thread passes through a guide d. and over a roller f, which
is formed of wood covered to give adhesion to the thread. The roller f
is held in bearings fixed on the frame of the machine. On leaving the
roller of the thread passes through a ring, or what is termed a thread-
breaking arrester, hereafter described, over a roller h and through a combi
placed behind two tension rollers k,l. The first of these rollers revolves

page_text: in fixed bearings, while the bearings of the roller are free to slide up and
down. The latter roller is also held in a movable support m, the frame
of which is jointed at n, oscillates on the pin o, and is continued on to p
the end p rests upon a projection q, hereafter described; P is a weight to assist
the raising of the frame. On issuing from between the rollers k and l, the
thread passes between the teeth of a comb r and through a fork s, fixed
on a box t, bolted to the framework. A hook u on the rod, connected
with the thread-breaking arrester, passes through this box, and the thread
on leaving the fork is carried through the eye of the hook, then through
the guide A, to be laid hold of by the loop on the flyer D of the spindle B,
to be wound upon the bobbin. The bobbin-raising apparatus being similar
to that used, I will merely say that I add a pulley E, to cause it to rise
vertically. I proceed to describe the thread breaking arrester and parts
connected with it. When during the course of the operation one or more
threads to be twisted happen to break, the apparatus, though making 300
revolutions, more or less, per minute, is arranged to stop each spindle
separately and instantaneously. For this purpose two appliances y, z, are
attached to the rod x, see Figures 2 and 3, which represent these parts
full size, one of these appliances y is provided with a weight F, and
and is bent, as shewn at Figure 2, to receive at G the end of the rod v, on
the opposite end of which is the hook u. The other appliance is pivotted
on the rod x, and carries at front a ring, through which the thread passes.
On the back there is a rod H, prolonged to balance the ring. Both z and y
carry a vertical rod I, movable upon them. The rod I descends by its own
weight between two inclined plates J, L. The first plate J forms part of a
frame moved by the eccentric N in a continuous to-and-fro direction; the
second plate L, as well as a rod e, are fixed to a bar M, pivoted on the axis &;
the rod e rests in a notch made in the tail Q of the catch q. During the progress
of the thread in the operation of doubling or twisting, the parts y and z are in
equilibrium, and the rods I descend between the plates J, L, without being
engaged by them. The end p of the frame lever abuts against the catch q.
Should a thread break between the rollers k, l, and the cops b, the piece =
being no longer held in equilibrium tilts forward and the rod I falls, and
becomes engaged by the plates J and L. The plate J, driven by the eccentric
N, takes held of the rod I and presses it against the plate L, which it drives
back, causing the bar M to tilt and free the rod, consequently the catch 9
being no longer held up gives way to the pressure exerted by the end of the
lever P, and the weight P oscillates and allows the frame m, n, o, to escape,
which being pivoted at o raises the part m, carrying the bearing for the axis

page_text: of the pressure roller l. This roller being removed from contact with the
roller k, ceases to revolve and no longer communicating motion to the distri-
buting roller f through the band R, the distributing roller stops and ceases.
to draw the thread from the cops. Should the thread break in front of the
rollers k, l, the book being no longer held out by the thread yields to the,
traction of the rod v and of the weight F on the part y, which acting upon.
the rod I in the same manner as explained for the appliance, produces the.
same effects.
As it is necessary that the spindles should be stopped upon the breaking of
a thread, the following arrangements have been invented to arrest them :-
At n I fasten the upper end of a rod T, which is connected at bottom to a
conical break S, furnished with a stop U, covered with caoutchouc. The lower
part of a conical pulley V, fixed on the rod B, passes through the break;
X is a tappet, which when the stop is raised comes in contact with it.. The
pulley V is made of smaller diameter at its upper part than at that where the
driving belt works, in order that on the belt Y being raised by a pin a' on the
rod T, it ceases to be stretched and turns loosely. Thus upon the breaking of
a thread as before explained the frame m, n, o, playing upon the pivot o, causes
the part u to rise, and taking with it the rod T, the break S and stop U are
raised, as also the driving belt Y and the tappet X meeting the stop U, tho
rotation of the spindle is immediately arrested. When operating upon wool
and silk, I substitute for the box t another box with several notches, for the
purpose of separating the threads. Again I use the hook on the thread-
breaking arrester for the wool and dispense with it for the silk threads, the
object being to allow the threads to unite ouly in the lower part of the box, in
consequence of the inequality in the resistance of the two substances. By moans
of this frame many threads may be acted on at the same time, it being only
necessary to provide as many thread breaking arresters as there are threads.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th April 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,. Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my exccutors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others; from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES FOR DOUBLING AND TWISTING
THREADS," (communicated to me from abroad by Constant Sauval, of
Amiens, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calen-
dar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
By this Invention two operations, which hitherto were performed upon two
separate frames or machines, are now effected in one frame.
Figure 1 is a cross section of the frame, the toothed and driving gear being
removed. The standard a, for supporting the cops b, is furnished with two
bars c, with apertures for receiving the heads of the spindles carrying the cops,
in order that they may always present the woollen thread vertically. The
thread passes through a guido d and over a roller f, which is formed of wood
covered to give adhesion to the thread. The roller f is held in bearings fixed
on the frame of the machine. On leaving the roller f the thread passes
through a ring on what is termed a thread-breaking arrester, hereafter
described, over a roller h, and through a comb i, placed behind two tension
rollers k,l. The first of these rollers & revolves in fixed bearings, while tho
bearings of the roller I are free to slide up and down; the latter roller is also
held in a movable support m, the frame of which is jointed at n, oscillates on
the pin o, and is continued ou to p. The end p rests upon a projection q,

page_text: hereafter described. P is a weight to assist the raising of the frame. On
issuing from between the rollers k and the thread passes between the teeth of
a comb r and through a fork s, fixed on a box t, bolted to the framework. A
hook u on the rod v, connected to the thread-breaking arrester, passes through
this box, and the thread on leaving the fork is carried through the eye of 'the
hook, then through the guide A, to be laid hold of by the loop on the flyer D
of the spindle
to be wound upon the bobbin. The bobbin-raising apparatus
being similar to that used, I will merely say that I add a pulley E, to cause it
to rise vertically.
"
I proceed to describe the thread-breaking arrester and parts connected with
it. When during the course of the operation one or more threads to be
twisted happen to break, the apparatus, though making 300 revolutions, more
or less, per minute, is arranged to stop each spindle separately and in-
stantaneously. For this purpose two appliances y, z, are attached to tho
rod x, see Figures 2 and 3, which represent these parts full size; one of theso
appliances y is provided with a weight F, and is bent, as shewn at Figure 2,
to receive at G the end of the rod v, on the opposite end of which is the
hook u. The other appliance is pivotted on the rod x, and carries at front a
ring through which the thread passes; on the back there is a rod H, prolonged
to balance the ring. Both and y carry a vertical rod I, movable upon them.
The rod I descends by its own weight between two inclined plates J; L. The
first plate J formis part of a frame moved by the eccentric N in a continuous
to-and-fro direction; the second plate L, as well as a rod e, are fixed to a
bar M, pivotted on the axis x; the rod e rests in a notch made in the tail Q
of the catch g. During the progress of the thread in the operation of
doubling. or twisting the parts y and z are in equilibrium, and the rods I
descend between the plates J, L, without being engaged by them. The end p
of the frame lever abuts against the catch g. Should a thread break between
the rollers k, l, and the cops b, the piece z being no longer held in equilibrium
tilts forward, and the rod I falls and becomes engaged by the plates J and L.
The plate J, driven by the eccentric N, takes hoid of the rod I and presses it
against the plate L, which it drives back, causing the bar M to tilt and free
the rod; consequently the catch 9 being no longer held up gives way to the
pressure exerted by the end of the lever p, and the weight P oscillates and
allows the frame m, n, o, to escape, which being pivotted at o raises the part m,
carrying the bearing for the axis of the pressure roller l. This roller being
removed from contact with the roller k, ceases to revolve, and no longer com-
municating motion to the distributing roller f through the band R, the
distributing roller stops and ceases to draw the thread from the cops. Should

page_text: the thread break in front of the rollers k, l, the hook u being no longer held
out by the thread yields to the traction of the rod v and of the weight F on
the part y, which acting upon the rod I in the same manner as explained for
the appliance, produces the same effects.
As it is necessary that the spindles should be stopped upon the breaking of
a thread, the following arrangements have been invented to arrest them:At
n I fasten the upper end of a rod T, which is connected at bottom to a conical
break S, furnished with a stop U, covered with caoutchouc.. The lower part
of a conical pulley V, fixed on the rod B, passes through the break; X is a
tappet, which when the stop is raised comes in contact with it. The pulley V
is made of smaller diameter at its upper part than at that where the driving
belt works, in order that on the belt Y being raised by a pin a¹ on the rod T, it
ceases to be stretched and turns loosely. Thus upon the breaking of a thread,
as before explained, the frame m, n, o, playing upon the pivot o, causes the
part n to rise, and taking with it the rod T, the break S, and stop U are
raised, as also the driving belt Y, and the tappet X meeting the stop U,, the
rotation of the spindle is immediately arrested.
When operating upon wool and silk, I substitute for the box t another box
with several notches for the purpose of separating the threads. Again, I use
the hook on the thread-breaking arrester for the wool, and dispense with it for
the silk threads, the object being to allow the threads to unite only in
the lower part of the box, in consequence of the inequality in the resistance
of the two substances. By means of this frame many threads may be acted
on at the same time, it being only necessary to provide as many thread-
breaking arresters as there are threads. When operating on some threads
which have not sufficient adhesion on the roller f, I place a small rod C on
the roller to increase the adhesion and facilitate the work.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improvements
in frames for doubling and twisting threads herein-before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)