CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF LASTS, BOOT TREES, AND CLOGS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: TTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of
Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of" CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF LASTS, BOOT TREES, AND
CLOGS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRODUCTION
OF SUCH ARTICLES."-A communication from Jules Mathieu, residing
at Paris, in the Empire of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th January 1859.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of. 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF LASTS, BOOT
TREES AND CLOGS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PRO-
DUCTION OF SUCH ARTICLES," a communication from Jules Mathieu, residing at
Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
'
This Invention consists, firstly, of a mode of obtaining a variety of sizes
from one model, which is obtained by imparting a continuous motion to the
Price Sai

page_text: template or wheel, resisting the model,and also making the travel of the model
differential from that of the article to be formed, so that a variety of sizes can
be got from the same form or model.
Secondly, it consists of the application of screws, change wheels, cams, tem-
plates, or levers, for imparting the necessary travel to the model, the material,
or the cutters, or finishers for obtaining such differential motions.
Thirdly, it consists of arrangements for finishing the toe and the heel of the
last, which is performed by clamping or fixing the last in a holder or frame,
after it has been partially finished, and presenting the toe and heel to a suitable
cutter, regulated by a template. The holder to be formed or fixed upon a
centre, so as to present the toe and heel without its being removed; also in
inserting centre or other marks placed or made in the article, so as to insure
its being properly placed in its holder.
Fourthly, of a novel means and mode of holding the material to be shaped
or otherwise operated upon, ina "chuck," "clamp," or "jaw," or other similar
contrivance, either with or without the combination of a centre, by which
means, the last or other article can be completely formed at one or both ends,
and it also consists of making the chuck universal, and it also consists of
throwing out or disengaging the centre or centres by mears of a self-acting
motion connected with the moveable portion of the machine, or with the
fixed part of the machine go placed as to act directly or indirectly upon the
moveable parts or centres or, models.
Fifthly, in the use of an additional cutter or cutters on polishers placed either
at right angles or lengthwise with the ordinary cutters or templates, and in so
arranging such polisher, in some cases, that no additional model or template is
requisite.
Sixthly, of an additional bed orcarriagefor carrying such polishers, finishers,
or additional cutters.
Seventhly, of a machine for planing, smoothing or grooving the different
parts of "boot trees" or lasts, which consists of a suitable frame and sliding
bed with a suitable holding frame or vice, orcentres, for the purpose of carrying
and holding the article attached to or in connection with this bed frame and
holder. A cutter is employed when grooves, slots, "leathers," or projections,
are to be sunk in or formed upon the articles to be made, and such cutters
may be made to revolve or work vertically. Also in the use and application
of polishers or finishers to be worked in connection with or in the said frame-
bed and holder, for the purpose of finishing and polishing such articles.
Eighthly, in the use and application of a metallic slip for entering into the
grooved parts of a boot tree, and forming on said slip or connecting to such

page_text: slip a "stop" or regulator for regulating the positions of the parts to each
other.
Ninthly, in forming on or connecting to the various parts of a "boot tree,"
stops for regulating their relation to each other.
Tenthly, in the use and application of the herein-before described arrange-
ments, in and to the manufacture of clogs, as far as the same is applicable.
Eleventhly, of certain novel combinations and parts for making clogs,
consisting of a frame for holding the clogs to be operated upon, andto a com-
bination of templates, screws, cams, and levers, for travelling the material to
be formed into a clog or the cutter which forms the same; also of a peculiarly
formed cutter.
Twelfthly, in shaping or forming the inside of a clog, and also the edges, in
a novel manner, and imparting a vertical or side motion to the cutter or
material.
Thirteenthly, in the use and application of a ball and socket or other
universal joint for imparting the motion of the material, cither in combination
with a cam and template through the form of a clog or shoe, in combination
with a slide or otherwise, and the application of the said arrangements to the
cutter or finisher. Also of a peculiarly formed cutter for shaping the side of
the clog which is next the foot, and also its edges.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th July 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,aud
of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant. unto
me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Henry Johnsou, my executors, administrators; or
assigns, should at any time-agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and

page_text: lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Chaunel Islands, and Isle of fan, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF
LASTS, BOOT TREES, AND CLOGS, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN THE PRODUCTION OF SUCH ARTICLES," a communication from Jules Mathieu,
residing at Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that, 1, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be porformed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
Firstly, this Invention consists of a mode of obtaining a variety of sizes
from one model, which is obtained by imparting a continuous motion to the
template or wheel resisting the model and also making the travel of the model
differential from that of the article to be formed, so that a variety of sizes can
be got from the same form or model.
Secondly, it consists of the application of screws,change wheels,cams, tem-
plates or levers for imparting the necessary travel to the model, thenaterial,
or the cutters or finishers for obtaining such differential motions.
Thirdly, of a novel means and mode of holding the material to be shaped or
otherwise operated upon in a chuck, clamp, jaw, or other similar contrivance
either with or without the combination of a centre, by which means the last
or other article can be completely formed at one or both ends, and it also
consists of making the chuck universal,and it also consists of throwing out or
disengaging the centre or centres by means of a self-acting motion connected
with the movable portion of the machine, or with the fixed part of the
machine so placed, so as to act directly or indirectly upon the movable parts
or centres or models.
Fourthly, of a machine for planing, smoothing, and grooving the different
parts of boot trees or lasts, which consists of a suitable frame and sliding bed,
with a suitable holding frame or vice, or centres for the purpose of carrying
and bolding the article attached to or in connection with this bed, frame, and
holder. A cutter is employed when grooves, slots, feathers, or projections are

page_text: to be sunk in or formed upon the articles to be made, and such cutters may
be made to revolve or work vertically; also in the use and application of
polishers or finishers to be worked in connection with or in the said frame, bed,
and hoider, for the purpose of finishing and polishing such articles.
Fifthly, in the use and application of a metallic slip for entering into the
grooved parts of a boot tree, and forming on said slip, or connecting to such
slip, stop, or regulator for regulating the positions of the parts to each other.'
Sixthly, in forming on or connecting to the various parts of a boot tree,
stops for regulating them in relation to each other.
Seventhly, in the useand application of the herein-before described arrange-
ments in and to the manufacture of cloggs, as far as the same is applicable.
Eighthly, of certain novel combinations and parts for making cloggs, con-
sisting of a frame for holding the cloggs to be operated upon, and to a
combination of templates, screws, cams, and levers for travelling the material
to beformed into a clogg orthe cutterwhich forms the same, alsoof a peculiarly
formed cutter.
Ninthly, in shaping or forming the inside of a clogg,and also the edges in a
novel manner, and imparting a vertical or side motion to the cutter or
material.
Tenthly, in the use and application of a ball and socket, or other universal;
joint, for imparting the motion of the material, either in combination with a
cam and template through the form of a clogg or shoe iu combination with a
slide or otherwise, and the application of the said arrangements to the cutter or
finisher. Also of a peculiarly formed cutter for shaping the side of the clogg.
which is next the foot, and also its edges.
And in order that the same may be fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the accompanying Drawings.
Figure lisan end elevation of the machine for producing duplicates, either
enlarged or otherwise, of the last or clog; Figure 2 is a plan of the same;
Figure 3 is a front view of the peculiar formed chuck for holding the material
to be operated upon, for the purpose of dispensing with the centres required
in the above form of machine. Figure 4 is a front view of a machine for
preparing the contact surfaces of the various portions of boot trees or lasts;
Figure 5 is a plan of the last named; Figure 6 represents a different form of
cutter used in the last-named machine. Figures 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are
different views of a boot tree or last, more particularly referred to hereafter..
In Figure 1, A, A, is the framing or standard, on which-the machine is: .
fixed, carrying thereon a longitudinal bed B, B, on the upper portion of which
is formed a slide; C, C, is a headstock for supporting the revolving spindle
-

page_text: D, D, projecting on either side, the one for carrying the model last or clog,
and the other the material to be wrought into shape. The opposite ends are
supported by suitably formed adjustable poppet heads E, of which only one is
shewn in the Drawing. These poppet heads and central headstock are free
to vibrate on a fixed centre, shewn at F, Figure 1, and are acted upon by the
counterbalance weight F through the media of the rope F" and pulley F".
These poppet heads and their adjuncts are also free to slide in the direction of
the length of the machine; G, G, is a bracket fixed on a compound slide, and
carries a roller G of similar formation to that shown in the Drawing; H, H,
is a screw for the purpose of moving this bracket in a direction parallel to the
axis of the machine,and is actuated by the series of change wheels shewn in the
Drawings; 1,I,is another screw connected to the sliding poppet heads E and
headstock C, C, by means of the nut J, and serves to impart a longitudinal
motion to them; K is a spur wheel, running loose on the screw I, 1, and
gearing with the driving pinion L, which is actuated by the cone wheel shewn
thereon, this latter receiving its motion from the driving shaft; M is a pinion
keyed on to the end of the screw I, I; and N is a clutch sliding in feathers
fixed in the screw I, and fitted to gear with the wheel K. There is a revolving
cutter of corresponding formation to the roller G¹, placed opposite to the
material to be operated on; but as the frame which carries it is so fixed to the
side of the machine, and any convenient method of driving it may be adopted,
it is not shewn on the accompanying Drawings. The pattern, or model clog,
or last, is placed between the poppet head E and the headstock C, and the
material to be shaped on the opposite side is partially shewn in the accompany-.
ing Drawings; the roller G' is then adjusted by means of its slide, so that the
weight F serves to keep the model continually in contact with its periphery;
a sliding motion, parallel to the axis of the machine, is then imparted to the
roller G, by means of the screw H, being caused to revolve by the cliange
wheels in gear with the pinion M, and this longitudinal motion determines
the ratio existing between the model and the article to be produced. A longi-
tudinal motion is also imparted to the model and clog or last, in course of
formation, by means of the screw I, I, which is actuated by the clutch N being
thrown in gear with the wheel K, thus bringing every portion of the material
in contact with the revolving cutter. By adjusting the roller G¹ nearer to or
farther from the axial centre line of the model, the width of the clog, sole, or
last produced. will be proportionately increased or diminished. In lieu of change
wheels, a lever having an adjustable fulcrum may be used acted upon by the
travel of the poppet heads.
3
I am aware that circular cutters have been used for the partial formation of

page_text: lasts, and therefore lay no claim to the simple application for that purpose;
but what I do claim is the production of various sized lasts or clog soles from
one model by the aid of change wheels, or other suitable contrivance for
imparting a longitudinal travel to the slide carrying the presser roller G';
and I also claim the adjusting of such presser roller nearer to or further from
the axial centre line of the model for the purpose of regulating the width of
the sole or last produced.
Figure 3 is a view of the chuck which I propose to use in a machine for
turning clog soles, lasts, or b:ot trees, for the purpose of dispensing with
centres for holding the material to be operated upon, and the use of which
enables me completely to finish off one end of the last or clog. A represents
the material held between gripping pieces B, B, which are propelled towards.
the centre by means of the screws C, C; after the operation is completed the
work is most readily released by merely slackening out two of the screws.
I claim under this head of my Invention, the application and use to and in
machines for turning clog soles, lasts, or boot trees of a central chuck, for the
purpose herein-before described.
preparing the contact
A is a table supporte l
I will now proceed to describe the machine for
surfaces of the various parts of boot trees and lasts.
by standards, and having on its upper surface a slide B formed along its entire
length; C is a bracket firmly fixed on the top of the table A, and provided
with a boss which is bored out to serve as a bearing for the spindle D; this
spindle has fixed at one end a pulley E, which receives motion from any con-
venient driver, and at the other is fixed a suitable circular cutter F; G is a
slide working at right angles to the slide B, and provided with a right and
left-handed screw H, which is attached to sliding jaws I, I, which contain
between them blocks suitably formed to grip firmly the pieces i to be operated
on. On motion being imparted to the cutter, the slide is then pushed under-
neath, so as to bring the material in contact with the cutter which faces or
cleans the surface, and produces either a groove or a projecting feather, accord-
ing asthe cutter employed beof the shape shewn in Figure 4, or of that shown
detached in Figure 6. By using two loose jaws and a right and left screw
spindle, the block to be operated upon will always be centred beneath the
cutter, whatever its width may.be.
I claim, with regard to this machine, the application and use of rotatory
cutters for facing the surface and making grooves or channels, and projecting
ribs or feathers, of the various parts of boot trees, as herein-before described.
I also claim the mode of holding the piece to be operated upon in a central'
position beneath the cutter; as herein-before described.

page_text: Figures 7, 8, and 9, represent details of a boot tree, having its various
component parts grooved and tongued, in the manner hereiu-before described.
Figures 7, and 9 also show the application of stops as at 8, s,, whereby the
adjustment of the respective parts, in relation to each other, is more readily
accomplished when putting them together. Figures 10 and 11 shew the appli-
cation of separate metal strips or tongues a, a, in place of formning such tongues
out of the material itself, as illustrated in Figure 8; these metal strips may
either consist of plain strips of metal, as in Figure 10, inserted into a corre-
sponding groove or slot made to receive them, or they may be made of of +
section, as in Figure 11, the arms of the cross being let in flush with and
resting against the face of the block, and forming supporting or holding
flanges. The stops s above referred to are also used in connection with these
metal strips.
i
I claim the application and use of stops formed in the various parts of boot
trees for regulating their relative positions, as herein-before described.
And I also claim the application and use of metal strips, as described in
reference to Figures 10 and 11.
...
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)