IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING Stoves
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Bly, of Great Yarmouth, in the County
of Norfolk, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING
Stoves."
Sealed the 15th August 1868, and dated the 18th February 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Bly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th February 1863.
I, JOHN HENRY BLY, of Great Yarmouth, in the County of Norfolk, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COOKING STOVES," to be as follows:--
This Invention consists of certain improvements in stoves for cooking either
in houses or on ships, the object of which is to regulate the supply of heat to
the oven or ovens, and to economize fuel.
I propose to introduce a door, valve, or slide at the back of the oven, and
between the top of same and the hob or hot plate, constructed with a close
covered fire, where the stove is built into brick jambs.
In the house stoves the heat is conveyed from the fire over top of oven,
down the side, and along the bottom, and up into the flue at the back of the
In the ship or emigrant stove the heat is conveyed from the fire over

page_text: the top of oven, down the side, across the bottom, and up the flue at the side
of the oven. The valve or door in the house stoves is to be opened or closed
by means of a connecting rod moved by a knob in front of the stove, but in
the stoves for emigrant ships, or what are termed American cooking stoves,
the valve or door should be actuated from the side, in which case the valve
may be hinged and moved by a handle from the side of the stove.
The object of the Invention is to divert the draught by means of the valve
or door either to or from the side, bottom, and back of oven, that is to say, to
either allow the heat to pass direct to the flue, or to heat the oven.
A ship stove with a side boiler may be constructed so that the draught may
be diverted as before to or from the oven by raising or lowering the boiler,
which opens or closes direct communication between the fire and the flue
or hob.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Bly in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY BLY, of Great Yarmouth, in the County of Norfolk, Ironmonger, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of February, in the year of cur Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Henry Bly, Her special licence that I, the said John Henry Bly,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Henry Bly, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COOKING
STOVES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Bly,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within

page_text: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Bly, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to closed or covered fire cooking stoves either for
houses or ships, and consists of improvements in the construction of the same,
by which means the supply of heat to the oven or ovens is regulated and fuel
economized.
In order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the same, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon, similar
letters denoting corresponding parts where such parts occur in each of the
Figures.
In cooking stoves as hitherto constructed with closed or covered fire, and
with the products of combustion led by flues round the oven, a great
accumulation of soot is always formed in said flues at back of stoves, which
soot must be frequently removed, or the stove emits an unpleasant smell, and
becomes inefficient for cooking purposes. By the present Invention the soot
which accumulates in the ascending flue during the time that heat circulates
round the oven is consumed when the oven is no longer required, and the
greatest objection to close fire cooking stoves is by this means entirely removed.
Great difficulty is found in keeping the dampers of close fire stoves in good
working order, and a small aperture in the ascending flue from fire will cause
considerable waste of coals, by allowing escape of heat direct up chimney
without any useful effect on the oven. By the present Invention only one
flue is required for a stove with one oven, and there is not the liability of
wasting fuel, either from such a cause or carelessness in management.
When made with two or more ovens this mode of construction gives a larger
surface of hot plate for boiling, stewing, or preserving when ovens are not in
use than any other kind of stove. In making these stoves I introduce a door,
valve, or slide at the back of the oven, and between the top of same and the
hob or hot plate, which door, valve, or slide is to divert the draught either to
or from the side, bottom, or back of oven, that is to say, to allow the heat to
pass direct to the ascending flue, or to circulate round the oven.
In the house stoves, as shewn in Sheets 1 and 2, the heat is conveyed from
the fire over top of oven, down the side, along the bottom, and up the ascend-
ing flue at the back of oven. In the ship or emigrant stove the heat is con-

page_text: veyed from the fire over the top of oven, down the side, across the bottom, and
up the flue at the opposite side of oven.
The valve or door in the house stove
is to be opened or closed by means of a connecting rod moved by a knob in
front of the stove, but in the ship or emigrant stove, or what are termed
American cooking stoves, the valve or door may be actuated from the side, in!
which case the said valve or door may be hinged and moved by a handle from
the side of the stove; but I do not confine myself to any particular size or
shape of the said valve or door, or to the means for actuating the same.
At Fig. 1, Sheet 1, the arrows shew direction of draught round oven when
smoke slide or valve a, a, is closed and oven is being heated. At Figure 2,
Sheet 1, the arrows shew direction of draught when valve is opened and heat
allowed to escape up the chimney, and at the same time the soot which has
accumulated during the time that the oven has been in use will be consumed
by the flame direct from the fire.
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2, are plans shewing oven before hob or hot plate b
is fixed, which also show action of smoke slide or valve. In Figure 3 the
direction of draught is towards side of oven. In Figure 4, Sheet 2, when the
smoke slide is open, the direction of draught is towards back of oven, whence
it ascends to chimney by flue without heating the oven.
The above are house stoves.
At Sheet 3, Fig. 5 is a plan of a ship or emigrant stove in which the valve
is closed, and the arrows shew direction of draught down side of oven, whence
it passes across bottom and up opposite side to ascending flue c; Fig. 6 is a
plan of same, in which arrows shew direction of draught when valve is open
and heat escapes direct up ascending flue, d being the fire-place; Figs. 7 and 8
are sections of the same at A, B, in which are shewn sides e of oven, with the
action of the valve. The direction of draught is shown by arrows as in
Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of a ship or emigrant stove,
with boiler f, which said boiler when dropped down to the flange will act in
the same manner as the before-named valve in diverting the draught to the
side and bottom of the oven, whence it passes under fire d and bottom of
boiler to ascending flue. When the said boiler f is raised, as shewn in
Fig. 10, the draught will pass from the fire d under the bottom of said boiler
direct to ascending flue without heating the oven e.. When the boiler is not
in use, the opening in the hot plate which it occupied will be supplied with an
iron cover made in such a manner that the draught may be diverted to or
from the oven by altering the position of the same. f, front of stove; o, top
of oven; s, o, side of oven in all the Figures.

page_text: Having now fully described my Invention, what I desire to claim is the
general arrangement and construction of parts substantially as herein specified
and illustrated by the Drawings annexed, constituting the "Improvements in
Cooking Stoves," as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Bly, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
EDWARD BLY,
6, Devonshire Place,
Great Yarmouth.
JOHN HENRY BLY. (L.B.)