IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Robert Joy, of All Saints' Street, Bristol,
Engineer and Printer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING."
Sealed the 2nd July 1861, and dated the 17th January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Robert Joy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1861.
I, JOHN ROBERT Joy, of All Saints' Street, Bristol, Engraver and Printer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
lithographic printing presses, whereby they are rendered, to a certain extent,
self-acting, and are enabled to turn out a much greater amount of work in a
given time than the ordinary presses hitherto employed for the purpose of
lithographic printing.
According to my Invention the scraper is made to pass over the stone,
whilst the stone itself remains stationary during the action of the scraper.
The necessary pressure is applied by elevating the table which supports the
stone by any simple contrivance. I prefer to use for that purpose levers

page_text: jointed at their lower ends to the main framing, and connected at their upper
ends to nuts or slides in the table supporting the stone. Through these nuts
or slides passes a right and left handed screw, which on being rotated causes
them with the upper ends of the levers to approach towards or recede from
each other, thereby raising or lowering the table and stone to the proper
height to give the pressure required. The top frame is hinged to one end of
the main framing, and is retained down upon the stone by suitable catches,
which are retained by the scraper on its arrival at the end of its course, where-
upon the top frame is immediately turned up by the action of a counterweight,
and remains elevated during the inking of the stone. The motion of the
scraper, which slides in the top frame, is derived by means of a connecting
rod from a rotating crank, driven either by hand or steam power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent, filed
by the said John Robert Joy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, JOHN
ROBERT JOY, of All Saints' Street, Bristol, Engraver and Printer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Robert Joy, Her special license that I, the said John Robert
Joy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Robert Joy, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree witli, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Robert Joy, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under
the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date off the said·
Letters Patent.
per-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Robert Joy, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
lithographic printing presses, whereby they are rendered to a certain extent
self-acting, and are enabled to turn out a much greater amount of work in a
given time than the ordinary presses hitherto employed for the purpose of
lithographic printing.
According to my Invention the scraper is made to pass over the stone whilst
the stone itself remains stationary during the action of the scraper. The
necessary pressure is applied by elevating the table which supports the stone
by any simple contrivance. I prefer to use for that purpose inclined planes.
and slides, or levers, or rods jointed at their lower ends to a cross bar in the
main framing, and jointed at their upper ends to nuts carried in slides in the
table supporting the stone, or fixed to the two halves of the table when so
made. Through these nuts passes a right and left handed screw, which on
being rotated causes them, with the upper ends of the levers, to approach
towards or recede from each other, thereby raising or lowering the table, and
stone to the proper height to give the pressure required. The pressure frame
is hinged to the main framing, and is retained down upon the stone by
suitable catches, which are released by the scraper on its arrival at the end of
its course, whereupon the pressure frame is immediately turned up by the
action of a counterweight, and remains elevated during the inking of the stone.
The motion of the scraper which slides in the pressure frame is derived
from connecting rods, worked by rotating cranks, driven either by hand or
steam power.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
I shall
purpose
refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of one
arrangement of my improved lithographic press, and Figure 2 is a corre-
sponding plan of the same. A, A, are the cast-iron standards or side frames,

page_text: which support the working parts of the press; these frames are connected to
each other at both ends by the transverse frames B, B, bolted thereto; C, C,
are inclined ribs cast upon the inner sides of the two side frames A, and
projecting sufficiently to form supports for the bed D; this bed is made in two
parts, the one working or sliding within the other along the inclined supports C,
such sliding movement being obtained from the right and left hand screw
spindle E, which works in nuts on the under side of the two halves of the bed,
and is actuated by the hand wheel F fast on the front end of the spindle.
The bed D supports the stone G, and when its two halves are caused to
approach towards or recede from each other by suitably turning the hand
wheel F, they ascend or descend along the inclined supporting rails C, and
consequently raise or lower the stone according to the degree of pressure
required, such vertical adjustment of the stone being effected at the com-
mencement of each job, after which the pressure of the scraper thereon will be
the same at each pull without any further alteration or adjustment; I is the
pressure frame, made of wrought iron and working on a centre at I; it carries
the leather or metallic tympan K, and is provided at its front or free end
with two small rollers at h, h, which pass underneath the respective
catches L, L, when the frame is brought down on to the stone; these catches
serve to hold the frame down during the passage of the scraper over the
tympan; they are hinged at 1, 1, to the main framing, and are pushed back so
as to release the frame H by the projecting rods M attached to the
scraper N,
such release taking place only when the scraper has passed over the stone,
when tho forward ends of the rods come in contact with the upper ends of the
hinged catches and throw them off the rollers. The scraper is carried and
slides between the sides of the pressure frame H, and is connected at each
extremity outside the said frame to the two connecting rods O, O, actuated by
the cranks P, P, fast on the shaft Q. This shaft is supported in bearings R, R,
in the brackets S, S, and carries a toothed segment wheel T, one-half of the
circumference only being provided with teeth, as shewn. These teeth gear
into the teeth of the spur pinion U fast on the driving or first motion shaft V,
which shaft may either be rotated by means of the winch handle W, or by
steam or other power, through the shaft X, which is provided with a spur
pinion Y gearing into a spur wheel Z on the shaft V.
Figure 3 is a separate detail of a modified arrangement of driving gear.
According to this arrangement three segment wheels T, T, T, are keyed
upon the shaft Q, cach wheel being of a different diameter, and gearing into a
corresponding pinion of its own, fast upon a collar or tube v, sliding on a

page_text: feather on the shaft V, so that any one of the pinions U, U', and U', may be
brought into gear with its respective segment wheel, thus enabling the press
to be worked at three speeds. There are also three holes in the cranks P, P,
which correspond with similar holes in the lower ends of the connecting
rods O, O, so that by removing the crank pins from one hole to another, the
travel of the scraper may be varied according to the size of the stone. a is
a weighted lever, for lifting the pressure frame; it works on a centre at b, and
is connected to one end of the lever c by the link d, the opposite end of the
lever c being provided with an antifriction roller e, which bears against the
under side of the curved arm f, attached to the pressure frame H. The
weight on the lever a tends to elevate the roller e, and force it constantly
against the arm f, so that immediately the pressure frame is released from
the retaining catches, it turns up on its centre I, and assumes the position
indicated by the Drawings, to admit of the removal of the sheet, and of the
inking of the stone for the next impression. The act of bringing down the
pressure frame H by means of the handle g causes the scraper to traverse to
the back end of the frame, so as to lie in readiness to pass along the stone in
the direction from 1 to 2, and at the same time turns the segment wheel
slightly round in the direction of the arrow, and brings the first of its teeth
into gear with those of the spur pinion U. This partial turning of the
segment wheel is effected through the lever action for the time being of the
connecting rods, which rest near their longitudinal centres upon the stops m, ni,
fixed to the bosses of the cranks, and forming fulcra for the rods to act upon;
consequently the cranks are forced upwards as the opposite ends of the rods,
with the scraper, are forced downwards by the descent of the pressure frame,
thereby giving the required partial rotation to the segment wheel. The
pressure frame having been locked by the catches above referred to, and the
teeth of the segment wheel brought into gear with the spur pinion U,
the motion of the segment is continued by turning the winch handle, and the
scraper is pushed from 1 to 2 over the tympan, which now rests upon
the surface of the stone, by the rotation of the cranks. n is a counterweight,
fixed in the plain portion of the periphery of the segment wheel, and by the
time the scraper has traversed the stone this weight will have passed the dead
centre, and on the release of the pressure frame, will, by its descent to the
position shewn, complete the revolution of the cranks, and allow of the return
of the scraper, such operation being effected simultaneously with the rising of
the pressure frame. The stops m are hinged so as to allow the connecting
rods to pass them in one direction. The scraper box N is provided with anti-

page_text: friction rollers on its under side, and at the top with a spring to bear up the
weight of the box, the whole passing freely along the frame; o is a bent lever
working upon a centre at p, and upon the lower edge of which a pin on the
inside of one of the cranks works, and passes over the end of the lever, and
rests upon the top surface thereof, as shewn, the object of this arrangement
being to check the momentum of the segment wheel, and retain the cranks in
the position shewn in the Drawings; 9 is an elastic spring attached to one
end of the lever, and connected to a stud on the side of the frame, so as to
keep the end of the lever up against the stop pin 1.
Figure 4 on Sheet 2 of my Drawings represents a slightly modified arrange-
ment of my improved lithographic press. In this press the scraper box N is
actuated by cranks P, as in the first arrangement, but the shaft Q, in placo of
carrying a segment wheel, is provided with a full spur wheel T, which is caused
to rotate by the spur wheel U, such wheel effecting the complete rotation of
the wheel T, in lieu of having a counterweight for that purpose. The weighted
lever a, link d, lever c, and curved arm f, in connection with the pressure
frame, are also dispensed with, and replaced by the weighted arm a attached
to the pressure frame itself. The stone G in place of being elevated by an
incline action is raised or lowered as required by the aid of the two rods or
lovers s, s, jointed at their lower ends t to a cross bar in the main framing, and
severally jointed at their upper ends u, u, to nuts sliding in the under side of
the bed or table D, which supports the stone. These nuts are actuated by
means of the right and left hand screw spindle E and hand wheel F, as
described in the first arrangement, so as to cause them to approach towards
each other, and thereby effect through the action of the rods or levers s, s, the
elevation of the stone, or to recede from each other and produce the reverse
effect. In both presses the screw spindle E must be free to rise and fall with
the bed or table. L is one of tho two catches which are hinged at 1, and are
provided with counterweights to keep their upper ends in a forward position
ready to catch the rollers on the pressure frame H.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
I consider to be novel
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general construction and arrangement of lithographic printing
presses, as berein-before described, and illustrated by my Drawings.
Second, the application and use of lithographic printing presses wherein the

page_text: scraper is made to traverse over the stone in place of the stone being made to
traverse beneath a stationary scraper, as herein-before described.
Third, the peculiar modes of adjusting the vertical position of the stone in
lithographic printing presses, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the combination of the moveable scraper with cranks and con-
necting rods or their equivalents, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Robert Joy, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the 15th day of July, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one.
JOHN ROBERT JOY. (L.S.)