matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Charles Joseph Léonce de
Combettes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th July 1856.
I, PAUL CHARLES JOSEPH LÉONCE DE COMBETTES, Civil Engineer, of Lyon,
Town in the French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEAM ENGINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing steam to act upon a pendulum to make it
vibrate, and in communicating power to a crank through a connecting rod
affixed to the shaft of the pendulum.
The pendulum is suspended from a shaft, supported in bearings in a suitable
frame, and has connected to it, at opposite sides, two pipes. At opposite ends
of the frame, and near the end of the course of the pendulum, are two other
fixed pipes, which are received by and enter into the pendulum pipes. Slide
valves, worked by projections upon a boss on the top of the pendulum shaft,
admit steam into and cut it off from the fixed pipes. Steam being admitted
into one of the fixed pipes, rushes into one of the pendulum pipes and impels
the pendulum towards the opposite fixed pipe, the steam escaping out of the
pendulum pipe into the atmosphere: On the pendulum arriving near the end
of its vibration, steam is admitted into the opposite fixed pipe, checks any
shock, and drives back the pendulum, the vibrations being continued by the
admission of steam alternately into the fixed pipes. A governor regulates the
admission of steam to these fixed pipes.

page_text: This Invention is susceptible of several modifications; for instance, instead
of the steam escaping directly into the atmosphere, the pendulum and fixed
pipes might be made so long as that they should continually work one within
the other, and then the pendulum on its return vibration might be made to
expel the steam which had served first to drive it through a passage to be
opened by one of the slide valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC AND OTHER WHEELS AND PULLIES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joses Weaver Downing at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
August 1856.
I, JOSES WEAVER DOWNING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Metallic Bedstead Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC AND OTHER WHEELS AND
PULLIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in casting the bushes or bosses of metallic wheels in
metal moulds, the ends of the spokes or radii of the said wheels being inserted
in the said moulds, so that the bushes are cast and the spokes fixed therein at
one operation. Where the said wheels are to be fixed on their axles, I insert
the ends of the axles in the moulds, and cast the said bushes thereon. Where
the wheels are to be placed loose on their axles, I place cores in the moulds, so
as to cast the requisite holes in the bushes. I also cast metallic pullies,
whether in one or more pieces, in metallic moulds.
My Invention further consists of making the tires of wooden or non-metallic
wheels by placing a flat annular plate on either side of the wheel, the said
plates being parallel, and their edges flush with the edge of the wheel. The
said plates are fixed on the wheel by pins or screws or other such like fasten-
ings passing through the said plates and wheel and binding the whole
together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE DECOMPOSITION AND COMBUSTION OF FUEL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1856.
I, EBENEZER ROGERS, of Abercarn, in the County of Monmouth, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE DECOMPOSITION AND COMBUSTION OF FUEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in decomposing the fuel, or extracting the gases
therefrom required for combustion, in a separate receptacle or chamber, &
causing such gases to pass from the said chamber into the furnace or flue,
where they are required to be consumed for the purpose of obtaining heat;
but my Invention does not apply to the use of the waste gases from furnaces
employed in the reduction of ores or manufacture of metals.
The form of the apparatus may be varied so long as it consists of a
receptacle or chamber (which, for convenience, I term a generator or
decomposing chamber), furnished with a suitable fire-place, in which the fire
bars (when they are used) are arranged so as to admit of the fuel being
deposited thereon in such a manner as may be convenient for the proper
application of the blast to the mass of fuel, in order to produce or accelerate
the required evolution of the combustible gases. It may be preferable in
some cases to substitute a plate for fire bars. The interior of the generator or
decomposing chamber may have fitted within it a boiler or other apparatus

page_text: for taking up and usefully employing a portion of the heat caused by the
heated gases passing off as they are evolved from the fuel. At the end of the
generator or decomposing chamber may be constructed a flue or communica-
tion, for the passage of the gases from this generator or chamber to the furnace
or flue in which the gases are to be consumed; or such furnace or flue may be
immediately connected with the generator."
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING HEAVY ORDNANCE FOR NAVAL PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davie Morries Stirling,
Esquire, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th March 1856.-A communication.
I, JOHN DAVIE MORRIES STIRLING, Esquire, of Blackgrange, Clackmanan-
shire, N. B., do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOUNTING HEAVY ORDNANCE FOR NAVAL PURPOSES," (communicated to me
by Monsieur Delvigne, of Paris,) to be as follows:―
The object of this Invention is to avoid the injurious effects to ships, gun-
boats, and rafts, arising from the recoil of heavy mortars or pieces of ordnance
fired at a considerable angle of inclination, and the Invention consists in form-
ing a well through the boat or raft, in which the piece of ordnance is to be
mounted; in this well, a water-tight cylinder, somewhat smaller in diameter
than the well, is placed. The cylinder is supported in the well, being attached
to the boat or raft by vulcanized india-rubber or other springs, and is free to
move up and down between guides in the well. Its bottom is formed by the
breach plate (culasse à plaque) of the gun, mortar, or piece of ordnance, which
is so made, as is well understood. The bottom of the cylinder is, by prefer-
ence, made to be below the floating point, so as to be constantly surrounded
by water inside the well. Or, instead of causing the breach to act direct, and

page_text: making a well in the boat, a strong rod running through the boat, supporting
the gun at its upper end, and having a suitable plate at its lower end in the
water, with suitable spring to keep the upper end tightly against the breach of
the mortar, may be made to serve as intermediate between the gun and water.
Or, other means may be used. It will be seen that, by mounting pieces of
ordnance in this manner, the shock, of the recoil is not received by the boat
or raft as in pieces of ordnance mounted in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PAPER FROM STRAW AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: 233
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cowley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1856.
I, JOHN COWLEY, of Quenington, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAPER FROM STRAW AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES, to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to convert straw or other similar vegetable
substance into paper with economy and despatch. The straw is first cut into
short lengths, and then placed in an iron vessel constructed for the purpose. A
vessel of about 6 feet deep and 12 fect diameter will contain a sufficient quan-
tity of straw to make one ton of paper; it should have a false bottom of about
6 inches in depth to allow the fluids to circulate. Near to this vessel is fitted
a generator, in which is a coil of pipe connected with a boiler. To the upper
part of the generator is fixed a pipe or column, which is carried over the edge
of the vessel or receiver above referred to, and terminates at the centre thereof
in a perforated rose head. A quantity of alkaline liquor is placed in the
generator, and the steam turned on from the boiler, by which the liquor is
forced up the column and dispersed over the surface of the straw. Each ton
of straw requires about 480 gallons of alkaline liquor. In order to make the
liquor circulate through the straw without requiring manual attention, a pipe

page_text: is carried from the vessel or receiver in which the straw is placed to the lower
part of the generator. As the liquor percolates the straw, it descends the pipe,
and is carried into the generator, where it receives a fresh supply of heat, and
is again forced up the column and over the surface of the straw. To maintain
a regular degree of heat in the liquor and in the straw contained in the vessel
or receiver, a coil or coils of pipes are connected with the boiler, and either
pass through the straw or are carried round the sides of the receiver. By this
means a temperature of at least 250° Fahrenheit may be readily maintained,
and at this temperature the straw will be sufficiently boiled in about 8 or 10-
hours. After boiling, the straw is washed by means of an agitator, and is then
passed through a beating engine and finally bleached by the use of chlorine
liquor, the pulp being kept in continual motion by an agitator.
By the foregoing process excellent qualities of paper may be made from
straw alone, which, as far as I am aware, has not hitherto been done.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1856

page_text: από
vuv
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Pope at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June.
1856.
I, ABRAHAM POPE, of Edgware Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL," to be as follows:-
I take iron manufactured into the form of thin ribbons, or such as is known
by the name of hoop iron. I make use of the ordinary well-known cementing
furnaco used for the manufacture of steel. I perforate the ends of tho
cementing troughs, so as to allow the hoop iron to slide freely through each
end. I now thread into the holes so made in the ends of the troughs hoop
iron from end to end. I fill the troughs with a mixture of carburetted.
anhydrous silicate of alumina or other carburetted shale, as the refuse from
Boghead or Torbane coal after the extraction of gas therefrom, and a small
quantity of spent oxide of manganese, or other compound of manganese not
containing sulphur. I fire as is usually done, and when the whole has arrived
at the proper cementing heat, I cause the hoop iron to be moved at a slow
rate, or at such a rate as shall be found by experience to convert the iron
into steel. I attach other ribbons or hoops to the ones already introduced, so
as to make the operation continuous. Waste will occur at the exit of the

page_text: ribbons of iron or steel of the material used, but I provide for the samo by
placing a hopper at the entrance end of the troughs, which keeps up the
supply of the carbonizing material used, and gradually effects its change. By
this means, I dispense with the waste of fuel and loss of time consequent on
the letting the fire down and cooling the furnace to take out and recharge
the whole.
In order to weld and forge steel, I cause it to be heated in a chamber
pervaded with carbonic oxide, and then by rollers or hammers I weld or forge
the steel. When using the above-mentioned converting materials I can, in
place of the process being continuous, uso them in the ordinary manner for
converting iron, and the continuous process above described may be resorted
to when using charcoal in place of the converting materials above described.
AN IMPROVED SHIRT COLLAR
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pate Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th February
1856.
I, GEORGE PATE COOPER, of No. 18, Sutherland Square, Walworth, in the
County of Surrey, Shirt Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED SHIRT COLLAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of loose or detached shirt collars,
known and distinguished as "all rounds," such as are made without bands, and
is designed for the purpose of giving to the upper part of the collar the
requisite "spring" or "set" in a more simple and inexpensive manner than
beretofore.
The improved means by which the above object may be attained, according
to this Invention, are as follows, that is to say:-I first cut out a collar (on the
cross) without a band, in the ordinary manner, and at the lower part of such
said collar I cut out rectangular-shaped pieces, of about two inches in length
by one in depth, more or less, and at a distance of about two inches from
the front part of the collar to the edge of such opening, and into the aforesaid
openings I sew pieces of linen, cut "on the straight," and formed somewhat
larger at bottom than the openings in the collar, but of the same size at top,
so that when the lower edge of the collar is pulled straight, the upper part of

page_text: the collar will "spring" or "set" outwards, and thus adapt this part of the
collar to the fullness of the wearer's face, the amount of spring being governed
by making the bottom of the aforesaid filling pieces shorter or longer, as
desired.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE COMMON PIN WOODEN LEG & CRUTCH
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Christian Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1856.
I, JOHN CHRISTIAN JONES, Upholsterer, of 17, Poland Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for the
"IMPROVEMENT OF THE COMMON PIN WOODEN LEG & CRUTCH," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct the bottom or pin part of the
common wooden leg & crutch in such a manner that the wearer may walk
with greater ease and turn round without the slightest friction to the knee if
the amputation is below the knee; also the crutch, if amputated above knee,
and doing away with the friction under the arm by useing the same principal in
the crutch, as the bottom stands firm on the ground while the body moves
freely round, and making them noiseless in walking, and doing away with the
jaring of the leg comeing in contact with the pavemint or other hard
substances.
This object is effected principally by the use of metal joints and vulcanised
or other india-rubber between the mital joints & leather soles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESSES OF DRYING ANIMAL, MINERAL, AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lillio and Arthur Dobson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on tho
9th December 1856.
We, JOSEPH LILLIE, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, and ARTHUR
DOBSON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Bleacher and Finisher,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PROCESSES OF DRYING ANIMAL,
MINERAL, AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in placing the substances to be dried in closed
vessels or apartments, and in forming a partial vacuum in such vessels or
apartments by means of an air pump or otherwise, whereby the air and
moisture contained in the substances to be dried is extracted; dry or heated
air is then admitted into the vessels or apartments to complete the process of
drying.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF FUEL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Kemsley Day at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
January 1856.
I, RICHARD KEMSLEY DAY, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF FUEL" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of fuel for the
purpose of lighting fires. For this purpose, in making up a series of bars
or pieces of wood into a form or shape suitable for lighting a fire, a mould is
used into which the bars or pieces of wood are placed at a distance apart from
each other, and they are then combined together by introducing into the mould
artificial fuel in a plastic state, and thus is formed an article of fuel more
useful than those heretofore used for such purposes. And in respect to those
forms of fuel which consist of several pieces of wood bound together and
prepared, each suitable for lighting a fire, in place of employing string to
confine or bind the parts together as beretofore, I employ wire, by which when
used the articles of fuel will keep in form longer than heretofore, and become
by reason thereof more useful.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Armand Gilbee, of No. 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 89, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES."-A communication.
led the 24th April 1857, and dated the 28th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Armand Gilbee
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th October 1856.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
and 89, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
These improvements relate to a peculiar construction of furnaces, in which
superheated steam is injected upon the incandescent fuel, for the purpose of
effecting the combustion of the smoke, and thereby producing an economy
of fuel. The furnace, which is constructed of fire brick or refractory earth, is
furnished with an iron grate of the ordinary description, over which are placed
in an arched chamber one or more small cylindrical boilers containing water

page_text: supplied from a suitably placed reservoir. These boilers communicate by a
pipe or pipes with another large boiler, in which the steam becomes super-
heated previous to passing out at the top into a pipe with two branches, each
branch pipe descending vertically by the side and under the small boilers into
a horizontal tube, composed of fire clay, pierced with a number of small holes,
so that the steam is forcibly ejected upon the burning fuel below. On each
side of the arched boiler chamber is a flue or passage, in which is placed the
fuel for feeding the furnace. The mouths of the passages open either on
the side, top, or are both connected to a contra! hopper provided with a slide.
In each case the top of the passage or flue is supplied with a door or cover
above the bottom of each flue, rounded off to cause the fuel to fall. On the
grate is a register, by which the supply of fuel to the fire-place is regulated,
and which register is so constructed that the gaseous matters from the furnace
are not able to escape. If necessary, the carbonic acid gas generated in tho
furnace may be absorbed by lime water to form a carbonate of lime.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MASTS, YARDS, AND RIGGING OF SHIPS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrie
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Smith and Thomas Irvine
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
1st November 1856.
We, PETER SMITH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master
Mariner, and THOMAS IRVINE, of the firm of Joseph Maclean and Company,
of the same Place, Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MASTS, YARDS, AND RIGGING OF SHIPS," to
be as follows:-
Instead of the usual method of arranging the topsail yards, we by this
Invention fix permanently and securely the first or lower topsail yards to the
lower mast heads, by means of iron bands, chains, or in any convenient manner,
and connect them to the lower caps entirely independent of and in no way
attached to the the topmasts; we also reverse the caps on the lower miast heads,
and place the topmasts on the "after" side of the lower masts, instead of the
"forward" side, as hitherto adopted; thus a ship, in the event of the topmasts
being carried away, would still be under close-reefed topsails, courses, and stay-
sails, a great advantage to a vessel when so disabled, and altogether impossible
by the present arrangement of masts and yards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USE OF COLLODION IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Parkes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1856.
I, ALEXANDER PARKES, of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USE OF COLLODION IN PHOTOGRAPHY," to
be as follows:—
Heretofore in taking photographic pictures by what is known as the collodion
process, a sheet of glass has been used to support the film of prepared collodion.
Now this Invention consists in substituting for this sheet of glass a sheet of
collodion of sufficient thickness to support the prepared film; or a thick layer
of collodion may be first formed on the glass, and on this layer the film of pre-
pared collodion may be produced, and the picture taken thereon and suitably
varnished or protected, afterwards the whole may be stripped from the glass
together. And when making positive pictures by either of these processes, I
coat the back of the collodion plate which supports the picture with a black
flexible varnish, or the plate of collodion which supports the picture may be
of a black color.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: roceed wun
This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Robinson, John Lister,
and Henry Stevenson at the Offico of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th November 1856.
We, NATHAN ROBINSON, Overlooker, JOHN LISTER, Mechanic, and HENRY
STEVENSON, Pattern Maker, all of Bradford, in the West Riding of the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows (that is to say):-
-
Our Invention relates, first, to that part of a loom known as the lathe
or "going part," and consists in the application and arrangement of apparatus
in connection therewith, whereby we are enabled to have the reed secure in its
place at both ends when the shuttle is properly in the box at either end of the
lathe, but loose or free to move out of place when the shuttle is out or
not properley in either box, by which means we prevent breakage of the warp
when the shuttle stops in the shed.
This our said Invention will be clearly understood by any one conversant with
the art of weaving by reference to the accompanying Sheet of outline Drawings,
which represent a cross section through the lathe or "going part" of a loom.
a is the bed or "shir board;" t, the shuttle; c, the reed; d, the reed
cap; e, the swell, which is pressed outwards by the shuttle being in the box,
and operating a lever f, which also operates the lever g, bringing the stop h
into contact with a projection i on the lever j, thereby holding the reed secure

page_text: in its place by the clam or flap k, which extends the length of the reed.
When the shuttle is out of the box and the swell released, projecting inside the
shuttle box, the lovers ƒ and g aro at liberty to be drawn by the spiral sping &
into the position as indicated by the dotted lines, removing the stop h from
contact with the projection i, thus allowing the lever j and clam k at liberty to 5
be forced out of place, and into the position shown by dotted lines when
pressed by the reed, in consequence of the shuttle being caught in the shed,
whereby the shuttle and reed will be free to assume the position as herein
shewn by dotted lines.
Secondly, our Invention relates to the picking motion, and consists in the 1
application to ordinary looms of certain apparatus for "picking," which was
secured to us in a former Patent, dated March 15th, 1855, No. 583, and
described in the third part of the Specification thereof, as applied to looms for
weaving cocoa-nut matting.
THE USE OR APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER FOR STIFFENING AND SIZING THE SAME
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leigh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1856.
I, JOHN LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE USE OR
APPLICATION OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE OR SUBSTANCES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER FOR STIFFENING AND SIZING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Instead of the usual thickening matter used in the manufacture of paper for
sizing purposes, I propose to use silicate of soda and silicate of potash, either
alone or in combination with other thickening or 'sizing substances, and to use
the same mixed with the pulp in the process of the manufacture of paper, or
after the manufacture for the purpose of sizing or glazing it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
September 1856.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing
abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in casing in the millstones in such manner that air
can only enter through the eye of the upper stone, and in connecting there-
with a fan or ventilator, whereby the air is drawn through the centre or eye
between the two stones and out from the periphery thereof, thereby constantly
drawing in a fresh supply of air, keeping the stones cool; and not only
improving their efficiency, but also the yield from a given quantity of corn or
other grain, as compared with mills in which the air is otherwise introduced or
admitted.
In- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Buckley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January 1856.
I, the said JAMES BUCKLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Pro-
vision Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for In-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in so arranging the parts of a loom that the
reed, together with the shuttle race, shall move in upward and downward
directions. The beating up may be effected either by the former or by the
latter motion of the reed; if the latter be desired, I apply a supplementary reed
for supporting the shuttle, such reed being divided so as to be capable of opening
to admit the beating up.
Secondly, my Invention consists in arranging the loom to weave two or
more pieces of cloth, the one facing the other; the reed and shuttle race being
caused to move upward and downward, as above described. Instead of
employing one I contemplate using separate reeds for each, or for two or more
pieces of cloth woven as above, which reeds may be actuated by one or separate
crank shafts. The several shuttle boxes may be caused to move sideways, if
desired, upon the principle of rising box looms. The two or more pieces of
cloth above alluded to may be woven with distinct selvages; but I also propose
forming bags or other articles by uniting the warps as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN OBTAINING POWER THEREBY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lavender and Edward
Lavender at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th September 1856.
We, ROBERT LAVENDER, of Aldersgate Street, in the City of London, and
EDWARD LAVENDER, of Aston Street, Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING
WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND IN OBTAINING POWER THEREBY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in raising water and other fluids by means of an
apparatus of the following description:-It consists of two upright cylinders,
between and over which a wheel or pulley is mounted, and over this wheel or
pulley an articulated piston is hung, its ends passing into the two cylinders
before mentioned. When the wheel or pulley is put in motion the balance of
the piston is disturbed, and one of its ends descends into one of the cylinders,
displacing the fluid therein contained, which flows up around the piston and
over the top of the cylinder, where it is received by suitable troughs or
channels; then, by giving motion to the wheel or pulley in the opposite direc-
tion, the other end of the articulated piston descends into the other cylinder,
and this motion is assisted by the column of fluid which surrounds the
ascending end of the piston. In the second cylinder, as in the first, the fluid

page_text: is displaced by the descent of the piston, and is received into a trough or
channel, as before. While this is taking place, the first cylinder again
becomes partially filled with water, and then the operation is repeated.
Motive power may be obtained from the water raised by means of the
hydrostatic bellows or other contrivance, and a portion of this power may
have to be applied to give motion to the wheel; the rest is available to be
used for any purpose for which it may be required. In this way any amount
of motive power will be obtained, and the only cost thereof will be that of
keeping the machinery in repair.
IMPROVE. MENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS, OR IN MEANS FOR SECURING RAILS THERETO
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1850.
I, JOSEPH ROBINSON, the younger, of Hyde, in the County of Chester,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS, OR IN MEANS FOR SECURING RAILS THERETO," to be as
follows:-
It consists in employing for securing rails to their chairs an axis having an
excentric formed on it, which occupies the position of the wood key commonly,
used for this purpose. The axis of the excentric rests in bearings formed in
a loose block, or in bearings formed in the chair, so that when turned its
excentric comes in contact and acts upon a loose block or blocks placed
against the side of the rail, or it acts against the chair or a loose block placed
against the jaw of the chair, in such manner as to force the loose block in
which the bearings of its axis rest, or the block or blocks in contact with it
(as the case may be) tightly and firmly against the side of the rail. The axis
of the excentric is prevented from turning back when tightened by means of
a pawl jointed to the chair or to the block in which the bearings of the
excentric rest, which pawl takes into ratchet teeth in a segment formed on or
fixed to the end of the axis, which may be turned by a wrench by having a
suitable provision made or by other means. By the arrangements described
the rails may be fixed or released from the chair with great facility.
A NEW OR IMPROVED LUBRICATING MATERIAL
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Render, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
LUBRICATING MATERIAL."
Sealed the 29th July 1856, and dated the 31st January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Render at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st January 1856.
I, HENRY RENDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED
LUBRICATING MATERIAL, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the substitution of a fatty body, not hitherto used
for lubricating purposes, in all such situations, and for all such purposes as
tallow is now commonly employed, particularly for preventing or reducing the
friction of shafts and their bearings, in general millwork, and manufacturing
machinery, also the pistons of steam engines, and other such machinery. My
new or improved lubricating material I denominate "palmatine," which is the
harder or more consistent part of palm oil, left as residuum in the processes of
preparing the oil for other purposes; the application and use of this material
for lubrication being entirely novel, and a most economical substitute for tallow.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS & MATTRESSES, AND IN SIMILAR ARTICLES OF BEDDING
Year: 1856

page_text: LILO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wagner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1856.
I, HENRY WAGNER, of Everitt Street, Russel Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Upholsterer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS & MATTRESSES, AND IN SIMILAR ARTICLES OF BEDDING,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in beds and mattresses, and other articles of bedding,
consists in the application and insertion of perforated or reticulated surfaces
in the ticking of those articles, whereby air has comparatively free ingress or
escape to or from the interior of the article so furnished, thereby affording
ventilation to the feathers, hair, or other stuffing of the article. For this
purpose I use wire gauze, sufficiently fine to prevent the escape of the stuffing,
but which permits the free passage of air. I take circular pieces of this
material & fix them to suitable metal rims, by which they are fixed & held
in the tick, in manner somewhat similar to the ordinary metal eyelets. In
beds I place these principally round the border, but they may be placed in
other parts of the bed tick; similar ventilators may also be placed in bolsters,
pillows, & the like. In mattresses, I distribute these ventilators over the
surfaces of the mattress; & as a further improvement in mattresses, I form

page_text: those articles with a row or rows of lacing, the laces of which pass quite
through the mattress, & by which the top & bottom surfaces of the mattress
can be drawn in close proximity or allowed to spring apart from each other,
according to the tightening or loosening of the laces. Metal eyelet holes aro
placed in about the same position as the tuft fastenings of ordinary mattresses,
through which eyelets the laces pass for the purpose of drawing the surfaces of
the mattress together .& compressing the air or other stuffing, or to release the
surfaces of the mattress & allow the stuffing to spring up; which releasing or
compressing can be easily & readily effected by the several laces. The air
having free ingress at the ventilators, the stuffing expands readily. Further
ventilation may be effected by simply pressing & releasing the mattress by
hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustin Magloire Jullienne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
28th January 1856.
I, AUGUSTIN MAGLIORE JULLIENNE, of Herblay (Seine et Oise), France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRAKES FOR RAILWAY TRAINS, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in fixing a steam cylender J (as seen in the annexed
Drawing) under the frame of a locomotive, or of a tender, or waggon; a
piston K can be actuated in this cylender, by the steam only on one side. The
steam is introduced between the piston and bottom of the cylender through a
cock M, which may be opened by the engeneer; but to prevent any mishap
from forgetfulness on his part in this respect, or from any wrong direction
being given to the train by the switch attendant, I cause the train to.stop of
itself at each stopping place by disposing on the side of the way, and before
the arrival at each stopping or crossing place, a moveable stand R, which
catches the lever q as the train passes, which lever q opens the cock M by
means of the rod y. A, A, side sleepers; B, B, wheels; c, c, c, c, wooden blocs
to squeeze the wheel on both sides at once; D, lever, actuated by the rod X
fixed at the piston rod O. The connecting rods E, E, and F, F, hinged on
the lever. D actuate the blocs c, c. The weight S maintains the stand R in
an upright position. The switch man can lower the stand R when there is no
need to stop the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING FRAMES FOR SPINNING WOOL, HAIR, ALPACA, COTTON, SILK, FLAX, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES ON SPOOLS, PAPER TUBES, OR ANY KIND OF BOBBINS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hartley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1856.
I, WILLIAM HARTLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SPINNING FRAMES FOR SPINNING WOOL, HAIR, ALPACA, COTTON, SILK, FLAX, OR ANY
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES ON SPOOLS, PAPER TUBES, OR ANY KIND OF BOBBINS,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements consists of a regulator or sliding plate attached to the
lifter or travis rod, by which I can put any given length on my spools, paper
tubes, or bobbins. A spring is also attached, to prevent the spools, paper
tubes, or bobbins from running over, by stopping the frame at the given length.
By the use of the above sliding plate and spring I produce more yarn and less
waste.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR PACKING CASES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gilman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1856.
I, THOMAS GILMAN, of No. 12, Creed Lane, Ludgate Hill, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOXES OR PACKING CASES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in so arranging and combining parts of boxes or
packing cases, that when such are not in use the parts may be folded on to
each other, and thereby occupy only about the same area, but with considerably
less bulk than when open, and when required may again readily be opened out
and fixed as a box or case.
For this purpose the sides and ends are capable of turning on hinges so as
to fold inwards upon the bottom, and the top or lid when hinged to one of the
sides is capable of folding back on that side, and for convenience of folding
the top or lid is formed in two or more parts, for which purpose the hinges of
it are made with the tongues or screw plates in a line with the centre of the pins,
in place of at one side of them, as is the present practice.
The ends or edges of the various parts are strengthened by cross or other
strengthening pieces, and holding instruments are employed for retaining the
parts in position when the box or case is in use as such.

page_text: There are also stops to retain the parts correctly, and prevent too great
strain on the holding instruments.
The holding instruments which I prefer to use for fixing the portions of the
box or case together are formed in two portions, one of which carries a spindle,
with a finger piece to move it and a cross piece at its end, which at making
the connection of the parts of the box is passed into a slot or opening in the
other portion of the holding instrument, and by being turned partially round
therein, aided by a spring, holds the parts of the box or case together; or tho
pin to which the cross piece is affixed may be acted upon by a spring, so as to
be capable of catching, and thereby connecting itself with a plate to the adjoin-
ing parts of the box or case, but these attaching means may be varied.
Although I have explained a mode of making boxes or cases according to
my improvements, in which the lid is at the top, this may be varied.
In some cases the joints of the separate parts of the box or case are pro-
tected by one part overlapping the other.
Waterproof or other covering may be applied internally or externally, as
desired.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF HANGING AND CLOSING DOORS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Twisleton Elliston at the
Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th December 1856.
1, HENRY TWISLETON ELLISTON, of Leamington, in the County of Warwick,
Professor of Music, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF HANGING AND CLOSING DOORS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the method herein-after described of connecting
doors to door frames, whereby the said doors close, when at liberty to move,
without the use of springs or spring hinges. I fix on the floor under that
edge of the door on which the said door turns a semicircular or nearly semi-
circular tram plate, the said tram plate being inclined from each end to the
middle, the said middle being the lowest point. The door turns on a pin in
the centre of the tramway, and on the lower edge of the door is a roller
which rests on the said tramway. When the door is opened in either direction,
the said roller travelling up the tramway raises the said door, which by its
gravity tends to return. The upper edge of the door is provided with a strip or
moveable portion, which is made to bear against the door case at top, so as to
prevent the rising and falling of the door, leaving an opening at the top of the
door. The upper centre on which the door turns consists of a bolt which slides

page_text: on the edge of the door; when the said bolt is raised so as to engage in the
door frame it may be fixed by a screw. By withdrawing the said bolt the
door may be disengaged from the door frame.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Apperly at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1856.
I, JAMES APPERLY, of Dudbridge, near Stroud, in the County of Gloucester,
Cloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL OR OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
to be as follows:-
In preparing and carding wool or other similar fibrous material according
to the system now in general use in the manufacture of woollen cloth, the
wool after being cleaned is passed through one or more scribbling machines,
and then through a carding engine or condenser, so as to bring it into the
proper state to be submitted to the roving and spinning machinery.
In these preparatory processes of scribbling and carding, the wool or other
fibrous material is weighed into the first machine, and after passing through
the same is conveyed by the attendant to the second, and subsequently to the
third machine. These operations involve a considerable amount of labor and
attention, and there is great liability of the yarn being made of irregular
thickness, owing to the irregularity of the feed.
The object of this Invention is to obviate these objections, and this is effected
by connecting the scribbling and carding machines or condensers in one con-
tinuous series, so that when the wool is weighed into the first scribbling

page_text: machine by the attendant it will pass uninterruptedly throughout the whole
series of machines, and be delivered from the carding machine or condenser at
the end in the proper state to be operated upon by the subsequent machinery.
In carrying out my Invention, I place the machines in succession, one
behind the other, as before mentioned, and connect them together either by
means of an endless cloth, or an arrangement of rollers, which will receive the
wool from the first machine and convey it to the feed rollers of the second, and
from the second to the third, and so on, until it is finally delivered from the
last machine, without requiring any attention from the attendant during the
operation. The wool or fibrous material is "doffed" from the doffing roller of
the first machine on to the roller, cylinder, or travelling endless cloth which
connects the machines together, rotary motion at a suitable speed being com-
municated from any convenient part of the scribbling or carding machines to
the additional rollers, cylinders, or travelling endless cloth which connects the
machines together.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ABRANGING AND WORKING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Allen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June 1856.
I, MICHAEL ALLEN, of 39, Cavendish Grove, Wandsworth Road, in the
County of Surry, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN ABRANGING AND WORKING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in arranging and working.
the slide valves of steam engines, and consists of means of balancing slide
valves of steam engines, with a view to reduce the amount of power required
to work them, and yet to retain such a quantity of pressure on the working
surfaces of the valves as is necessary for keeping them steam-tight. For this
purpose each slide valve is suspended by a link to a rod passing through a
stuffing-box formed in the cover of the valve-box of the engine. The rod is
connected at its other end to a lever, which at its other end is attached to a
piston rod of a steam cylinder or chamber which has a piston within it, on one
side of which steam presses, and on the other side it is relieved from pressure
by communicating with the condenser of the engine, or otherwise. The
amount of pressure of the steam on the slide valve is somewhat more than the
amount of pressure on the balancing piston or surface in the cylinder or
chamber above mentioned, in order that the slide valve may be pressed to its
seat sufficiently to cause it to work steam-tight.