Improvements in Wheels and Pulleys.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 31st Dec., 1889-Accepted, 1st Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels and Pulleys.
I, WILLIAM HENRI LUTHER, of Petershill Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Manu-
facturer, and JAMES COCKBURN, of the same place, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention, to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction,
and arrangement and combination of the parts, of wheels and pulleys, and especially
for being made of malleable iron and steel built or fitted together in parts, and.
applicable as wheels for road vehicles, barrows, agricultural machines, wheels for
machinery, driving pulleys, and such like; and which will be more simple and
economical in construction and efficient and durable than wheels and pulleys as here-
tofore in use.
According to our improvements, the wheels or pulleys would be constructed with an
outer metal tyre or rim, preferably of malleable iron or steel, and have the outer ends
of a number of radial spokes or arms of like material and of any desired transverse
section as of flat polygonal or angle iron shape or of tubular shape secured to
said rim, their other ends being secured on each side of and to a central axle
or hollow boss and all built and secured in separate pieces, as hereinafter
described.
Under one arrangement of wheel with a plain tyre, say having six spokes, this
would be effected by fitting three spokes alternately at an angle outwards towards the
axis, on each side of the vertical axial line of the wheel, having their outer ends
secured in recesses in the tyre made to suit the section of the spokes, and having their
inner ends kneed outwards or it might be inwards to give bearing on the axis, and
secured within recesses formed in washers or caps mounted on the central axle or
shaft, or hollow boss when that is used. These washers or caps would be secured tight
up against the lower side ends of the spokes by screw nuts working over the axle,
which would be formed with screws for the purpose at these parts, and they would
press inwards towards opposite sides against the strain on the spokes, or only one
screw nut might be used against a collar on the other side of the axis, which would
elongate the spokes and press them out firmly-into the recesses in their outer rims;
and the washers might be formed with polygonal eyes, or with key recesses to fit
feathers on the shaft, so that they would be secured to and turn with the shaft or
axis, and retain the whole of their spokes radially thereto.
Under another arrangement, applicable where these new wheels or pulleys have to
be shipped on to solid axles or shafts, the centre or axis of the wheel would be formed
as a short hollow boss, bored to suit the shaft parallel or tapered as may be required
either to rotate on the shaft or be fixed or keyed on it. The boss would be formed.
with a number of radial segmental lugs or projections on its outer surface in which
would be inserted the inner ends of the spokes, fitting the same. In which case the
inner ends of the one set would bear against a fixed collar at the one end of the boss, and
the other set of spokes would be tightened up by a nut screwed over the other end of
the boss. This screw nut might have a pressing washer on the inside against the arms,
and have a jam or lock nut arrangement on the outer end to prevent the slackening
back of the screw by any jerking motion of the wheel. It will be understood that the
recesses in the inner circumference of the rims for the outer ends of the spokes may
be stamped in these, either cold or hot as found best to suit the end section of the
spoke, or bored when the spokes are round or tubular. And although recesses in the
inside of the rims are preferred for the spokes, when these rims are made of cast iron
or steel, projections might be made on these, and the outer ends of the spokes formed
to suit these projections which would secure the arms to the rims in an equally.

page_text: efficient manner, when the inner angled ends of the spokes were screwed up to
lengthen these to tighten them either into the recesses or on the projections. And
in some cases flat surfaces or longitudinal recesses might be formed on the outer
The
circumference of the eye or boss to secure the inner ends of the spokes or arms.
outer rims or tyres may be formed of various sections besides the plain flat rim
described, as of a D shape on the outer circumference, or of a tubular ring of various
sections, in which cases the recesses for the outer ends of the spokes might be bored
through the inner circumference or thickness of the tube to fit the ends of the spokes
formed with shoulders; and in some cases the rims might be formed of T iron or of
channel iron, with the feathers projecting inwards, and have the outer ends of the
spokes projecting up against these feathers either with or without recesses for retaining
the outer ends of the spokes. The ends of the spokes or arms might be so formed
with their joints and sockets to the rim of the wheel and to the axis or boss, as to
swivel slightly; and instead of being placed in alternate or reverse spaces from the
two sides, they may for light wheels be placed opposite each other to press directly in
the same radial plane.
A
1 1000
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wheels and Pulleys.
We, WILLIAM HENRI LUTHER, of Petershill Road, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Manu-
facturer, and JAMES COCKBURN, of the same place Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of our invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the construction,
and arrangement and combination of the parts of wheels and pulleys, and especially
for being made of malleable iron and steel built or fitted together in parts, and
applicable as wheels for road vehicles, barrows, agricultural machines, wheels for
machinery, driving pulleys, and such like; and which will be more simple and
economical in construction and efficient and durable than wheels and pulleys as
heretofore in use.
And in order that our said Invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood we have hereunto
appended an explanatory Sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 shows
a side elevation, and Figure 2 a transverse section taken on the line 1---1, Figure 1,
of a wheel as constructed in accordance with our improvements as suitable for the
lighter class of wheels and work, constructed of malleable iron or steel or both.
Figure 3 shows an edge section of a slightly modified form of the wheel shown in
Figures 1 and 2, with a short solid eye or boss for securing both sets of arms. Figure 4
is a side elevation, and Figure 5 a transverse section taken on the irregular line 2---2
Figure 4 of a simple arrangement of driving pulley for the transmission of power by
belts, as constructed in accordance with our Improvements. Figure 6 is an elevation
broken away, and Figure 7 a transverse sectional elevation taken near the line 3---3,
Figure 6, of another arrangement of our new or improved driving pulley as constructed
in the form of a split pulley having the boss formed in two parts bolted together.
Referring to these Drawings:-According to our improvements the wheels and
pulleys are constructed with an outer metal tyre or rim A, preferably of malleable
or malleable cast iron or steel either solid or welded, or otherwise formed with a
joint in it secured by a lap plate and countersunk screws or rivets indicated at A2
in Figures 4 and 6, and have the outer ends of a number of radial spokes or arms B

page_text: of like material and of any desired transverse section, as of flat. road, polygonal,
or angle iron shape, or of tubular shape, secured to said rim A, their other or inner
ends B2 being secured on each side of and to a central axle D or hollow ring or
boss G or other axis, and all built and secured in separate pieces, as hereinafter
described.
Under one arrangement of wheel with a plain tyre say having six spokes as shown
in Figures 1 and 2, this is effected by fitting three spokes B alternately at an angle
outwards towards the axis, on each side of the vertical axial line of the wheel, having
their outer ends B₁ secured in recesses at A' in the tyre A made to suit the section or
ends B' of the spokes B, and having their inner ends B2 kneed outwards, (or vice
versa it might be inwards) to give bearing on the axle D and secured within the eye
or longitudinal radial recesses C² in the centre rings or caps C mounted on the central
axle or shaft D or hollow boss C¹ when that is used. These rings or cap bosses C
are secured tight up against the lower side ends of the spokes B by screw nuts d.
working over the axle D, which is chased or formed with screws D₁ for the purpose
at these parts, and they would press inwards on opposite sides against the strain
on the spokes B, or only one screw nut d¹ might be used against a collar ("on the
other side of the axis, which would elongate the spokes B and press the ends B¹ of
the spokes B out firmly into the recesses A¹ in their outer rims A; and the caps or
bosses C might be formed with polygonal eyes, or projections c, with key recesses to
fit feathers on the shaft D so that they would be secured to and turn with the shaft.
or axis, and retain the whole of their spokes B radially thereto.
Under another arrangement, applicable where these new wheels or pulleys have to
be shipped on and shifted to any part of solid axles or shafts, as shown in Figure 3
the centre or axis of the wheel or pulley A is formed with a short hollow boss C¹.
bored to suit the shaft parallel or tapered as may be required either to rotate on the
shaft or be fixed or keyed on it. Each boss Ci would preferably be formed with a
number of short radial segmental projections c, or it might be recesses at (2
on the boss C or on a loose eye or washer C behind the screw nut d¹ screwed on
the outer end circumference of the boss C, on or in which are secured the inner
hollowed ends B2 of the spokes B fitting the same. In this case the inner ends B2,
of the one set of spokes B, might bear against a fixed collar C1 at one end of the boss C¹,
and the other set of spokes B would be tightened up by the nut ¹ in this case
screwed over the other end of the boss C¹. This screw nut d¹ might have a pressing
washer C on the inside against the outer set of arms B, and have a jam or other
lock nut arrangement on the outer end to prevent the slackening back of the screw d¹
by any jerking motion of the wheel.
Under another arrangement of our improvements, suitable for the larger class of
pulleys for transmitting motive power, shown in Figures 4 and 5, separate or duplicate
bosses C formed of cast iron or cast steel, are employed for either fitting or securing
the inner ends B2 in, and bolted together by three or other number of screw bolts E
and jam nuts E¹, so as to draw these bosses together and the inner ends B² of the
opposite sets of arms B, and so press out the outer ends B¹ of the arms into the recesses A¹,
of the outer circumferential rims A of the pulleys all true and concentrically, the armis B
being previously made all of the same shape and radial length before being fitted
into bored holes at C2 or they might be cast into the bosses C. These bosses would
be bored at Cx to fit the shaft tightly, and either to revolve loose on the shaft or have key
seats slotted or formed in them for securing them to the shaft, as indicated at C" in
Figure 4, when that was desired, or these bosses might be previously bored, and
have bushes D fitted in them, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. For large pulleys or
drums, the rims A would preferably be formed with a joint in them as indicated at A2,
secured by a fish plate on the inside, and countersunk screw nuts or rivets for being
secured before tightening up the bosses and arms B in them. These pulleys as shown
in Figures 6 and 7 might have their bosses C made in two halves as split pulleys, and
jointed and bolted together by flanged snugs and screw bolts as shown at C³, and have
the outer rim A either formed with one joint and lap plate, to be sprung over the shaft,
as shown at A² or be formed with two such lap joints, as dotted in at A³ when that is

page_text: preferred. When the pulleys are made split pulleys in this way, their bosses C might
be fitted with bushes D2 screwed at D or otherwise secured in them, preferably cut
through at the opposite sides D³ to the joints (³ as shown in these Figures 6 and 7.
It will be understood that the recesses A¹ in the inner circumference of the rims A
for the outer ends B₁ of the spokes B may be stamped in these, either cold or
hot as found best to suit the end section of the spoke, or bored when the spokes are
round or tubular. And although recesses in the inside of the rims are preferred for
the spokes, when these rims are made of cast iron or cast steel, projections might be made
on these, and the outer ends B¹ of the spokes B formed to suit these projections which
would secure the arms to the rims in an equally efficient manner, when the inner
angled ends B2 of the spokes were screwed up to lengthen these to tighten them either
into the recesses or on the projections on the rim A. In some cases flat surfaces or
projections or short longitudinal radial recesses C² might be formed on the outer
circumference of the eyes or bosses C, C' or C₁ to, secure the inner ends B². of the
spokes or arms B as shown in Figures 3, 3 A, and 3 B. The outer rims or tyres A may
be formed of various sections besides the plain flat rim described and shown in
Figures 1 to 4 as of a corrugated shape for driving ropes or of a D shape, on the
outer circumference, or of a tubular ring of various sections, in which case the recesses
for the outer ends B' of the spokes B might be bored at A¹. through the inner
circumference or thickness of the tube to fit the ends B¹ of the spokes B formed with
shoulders, as shown respectively in Figures 3 Cand 3 D; and in some cases the rims A
might be formed of T. iron, or of channel iron, with the feathers projecting
inwards, and have the outer ends of the spokes projecting up against these feathers,
either with or without recesses for retaining the outer ends of the spokes. The ends B¹
of the spokes or arms B might be so formed with their joints and sockets A¹ to
the rim A of the wheel and at the joints B2, C2 of the axis or boss C, as to swivel
slightly; and instead of being placed in alternate or reverse spaces from the two sides
they may for light wheels be placed opposite each other to press directly in the same
radial plane.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts of metal
wheels and pulleys, with an outer malleable metal tyre or rim, having the outer ends
of angled radial spokes secured to said rim, and the inner ends secured on each side of
and to a central axle or hollow boss or bosses, and all built and secured together
in separate pieces, substantially as herein described and distinguished in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The constructing of metal wheels or pulleys with angled spokes inseried
in the outer malleable metal rim and secured in an axle or boss or bosses at the centre,
substantially as and in the manner herein described and distinguished in reference to
and shown in the several Figures of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The constructing of metal pulleys or wheels with a hollow boss or bosses
or collars formed with radial segmental projections or recesses for securing the. inner
ends of angled spokes, substantially as herein described in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Dated the 20th December 1889
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.