matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL OR COLOUR PRINTING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Muir at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1859.
I, FRANCIS MUIR, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Pattern Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTAL OR COLOUR PRINTING," to be as follows, that is
to say-
This Invention relates to a system of multicolour printing, whereby very
superior effects are obtainable with a comparatively few number of printing
impressions.
According to this process or system, supposing there to be five colours in the
design, the first two are or may be printed or laid on the fabric or surface to
be printed by corresponding blocks in the usual way. The other three colours
are put on from a single sieve or colour box, that is to say, from a sieve on
which the three several colours to be printed are laid in stripes at predeter-
mined positions. In this way, as the block is laid upon the sieve, it takes up
the three colours on the predetermined portions of the figure, and when applied
to the cloth or surface to be printed it deposits its three several colours so as
to form actual integral or detail portions of the pattern. This system of
printing, whilst it economises the process, also provides for a "rainbowing"
effect to a certain extent, and it enriches the pattern correspondingly. Of
course the sequence of actions may be modified in practice in various ways.

page_text: The different colours may be conveniently applied to the sieve or colour box by
means of a cellular feeder, which is a rectangular chamber formed into a series
of colour cells open at the top. The bottom of this cellular feeder is fitted
with two parallel loose running rollers, to which the several colours find access
to these rollers through suitable conducting holes, so as to render the rollers
instrumental in delivering the colours to the sieve or colour box. For rain-
bowing, the rollers are themselves covered with sieve cloth, so that they are thus
enabled to distribute the colours upon the sieve surface with a due rainbowing or
blending effect. When not used for rainbowing, the rollers are grooved or cut
into annularly at each part which receives colour, and thus the colours are
distributed evenly and sharply for the purposes herein-before described. This
system of multicolour printing may be carried out without the use of single-
colour printing at all, the different colours being laid on by means of one or
more multicolour blocks or surfaces. These multicolour blocks are arranged
in such manner that two or more colours may be taken off from one sieve
surface, and other colours forming a portion of the pattern may be arranged
on corresponding blocks so as to fill up the blank spaces or parts left unprinted
by the first blocks, these secondary colours being taken from another sieve
surface arranged in conjunction with the improved apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Joseph Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th April
1859. A communication from abroad by Edward Davies, of Boras, in
the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH HUGHES, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," as comniunicated to
me from abroad by Edward Davies, of Boras, in the Kingdom of Sweden,
to be as follows:-
The warp and weft threads are arranged so as to obtain an improved mode
of threading or tramping, technically called "the tie-up or cord," and is illus-
trated in the accompanying Diagram, shewing the improved method of making
the fabric, which dispenses with the employment of temples, and weaves with
much less strain on the cloth, thus requiring less weight on the yarn beam,
and allowing the loom to be worked at a greater speed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNET FRONTS, RUCHES, RIBBON TRIMMINGS, AND OTHER GOFFERED OR PLEATED ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Morrison and
Henry Kinsey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st January 1859.
We, WILLIAM HENRY MORRISON, of Nottingham, Manufacturer, and
HENRY KINSEY, of the same Place, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BONNET FRONTS, RUCHES, RIBBON TRIMMINGS, AND OTHER
GOFFERED OR PLEATED ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to means for pressing the edges of one or more
rows of pleated or goffered lace or other material, so as to form a flat edge on
which a band may be applied when such band is required. For this purpose
we introduce beneath each row of goffered lace or other material a strip of
corrugated metal, or it may be a strip with a number of wires or other
divisions, adapted to arrange and maintain the pleats or goffers in the desired
position during the subsequent operations. One or more rows of the pleated
or goffered lace or other material are then forced into the desired form by
means of a guage worked by a treddle acting upon the outer edges thereof, to
force it up to another guage, a pair of pressing bars are then caused to act
upon the material to press and flatten it upon the edge. If a band is required
to be applied, we then remove the material by means of a pair of clamps
holding it close to where the pressing bars have acted upon it, and place it

page_text: over a groove in which the band has been previously placed, so that the edges
upon which the pressing bars have acted may fall into the groove, and the
bars forming such groove will then be acted upon by cams, or otherwise, to
close them, and thereby unite the band to the goffered material.
The means described for arranging and maintaining the pleats or goffers in
the desired position may be employed apart from this machine when working
by hand or otherwise in the manufacture of bonnet fronts, ruches, ribbon
trimmings, tuckers, cap borders, and various other articles.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FLUID METER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jeffrey Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1859.
I, JOSEPH JEFFREY BENNETT, of Homer Terrace, Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FLUID METER," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to novel means for ascertaining and registering the
quantity of liquid drawn from or passed through a tap in a given period, the
object being mainly to provide a means of checking the quantities of spirits
and other liquids drawn for sale in public-houses. The principle embodied in
the improved apparatus is, that of measuring a given proportion of the liquid
passed through the tap to ascertain the whole quantity delivered. For this
purpose for each liquid to be measured, a two-way tap is to be provided, the
passages of which are to be so arranged as to be both either open or shut at
the same time. This tap is connected as usual with the vessel containing the
liquid on draught, and fitted with a discharge spout, and a pipe of small bore
leads from the tap to the indicating apparatus. If the draught of several
liquors is desired to be indicated, this apparatus will be furnished with liquor-
receiving cells corresponding in number to the several liquors, and the cells
will severally be connected by pipes of small bore to the draught taps. In
each cell a float is placed, and the same is balanced by being connected to a
weighted cord, which passes over a loose pulley mounted concentrically with a

page_text: fixed graduated dial. On the arbor of this pulley a pointer is fixed, which, as
the wheel rotates (caused by the rise or fall of the float), will be moved over
the face of the dial. When liquor is drawn from the tap, a definite portion
raised will (instead of all being discharged at the spout) run through the pipe
of small bore to the indicator cell, and the liquor there accumulating, will
cause the float to rise and indicate in gallons or parts of gallons (by the move-
ment of the pointer over the dial) the amount of liquor drawn. When more
than one liquor is required to be measured, the indicating apparatus will
consist of a series of cells (proportioned to the relative demand for the liquors
they are intended respectively to receive,) fitted with balanced floats, and the
dials may be arranged side by side, or otherwise, as thought desirable. This
apparatus may be situate in any convenient place near to or distant from the
bar of the public-house, or draught tap or taps, the amount of liquor
discharged from which is desired to be ascertained. For adjusting the
apparatus, slips of zinc or other suitable material inserted upright in the cells
are to be withdrawn or added to, whereby the capacity of the cells will be
enlarged or diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Right Honourable James, Earl
of Caithness, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th January 1859.
I, the Right Honourable JAMES, Earl of CAITHNESS, of Hill Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of the
switches parts of the permanent ways of railways, and consists in making a
portion of one or both the rails at the "points"
points" or change of line, slide along
inclined parallel slots, the two ends of such sliding rails, and the ends of the
stationary abutting rails being inclined or bevelled to correspond to the
incline or bevel of the slots, whereby an overlap bevel joint is obtained.
When one of these sliding rails is used, the pointed swivel switch rail
remains unaltered, and is coupled with the opposite switch rail in the ordinary
manner, but the latter rail end is bevelled in place of being cut square off. To
this latter rail is fitted a slide, which is connected with that portion of the rail
which works in parallel slots, so that on the slide being moved by the lever
which opens or closes the switch, it carries with it the loose rail, and causes it
to travel in its parallel inclined slots, and change the points accordingly.
When two sliding rails are employed, one for each side of the way, they are
coupled together, and, move in their incline slots simultaneously, the ordinary
swivel switch rails being in this case dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED KILN FOR DRYING MALT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by André Felix Vanhulst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1859.
I, ANDRE FELIX VANHULST, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED KILN FOR
DRYING MALT," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of a hollow drying drum or cylinder, having its
external surface made of metallic gauze or of perforated sheet iron; the interior
of such cylinder being divided into six or more perforated chambers or compart-
ments, and each compartment having one or more doors or openings therein.
The cylinder is constructed upon two fly wheels, one being provided with a
rack or other suitable contrivance, by which motion may be communicated
thereto. The fly wheels are mounted upon a cast or wrought iron shaft, and
are connected together at their extremities by a suitable number of cross bars
or tie rods. Upon the drum and fly wheel shaft are fixed two iron rings at a
distance of about from one-third to two-thirds of its length (included between
the fly wheels); into these iron rings are screwed a suitable number of radial
iron arms or stays, which extend to and are connected with the cross bars,
which unite the fly wheels together. The drum or cylinder thus arranged is
mounted horizontally, and is put in motion by an endless screw or worm work-
ing in connection with the rack, or by any other suitable mechanical arrange-
ment, over a coke fire fitted at top with an iron framing, covered with glazed

page_text: tiles for receiving the malt which falls from the revolving drum or cylinder, and
for preventing an infectious smell to the beer. One or more of these drums
or cylinders may be arranged to work together according to the require-
ments.
MAKING CLOSE FOLDING METALLIC SPRING LATHS, MATTRASSES, AND BEDSTEADS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kennedy Geyelin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1859.
I, GEORGE KENNEDY GEYELIN, Civil Engineer, of 462, Oxford Street, Lon-
don, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "MAKING CLOSE FOLDING METALLIC SPRING LATHS, MATTRASSES,
AND BEDSTEADS," to be as follows:-
To the usual folding iron frames I fix an upper web of metallic laths, which
can be fixed to the extreme ends of the frame by means of springs or without;
the laths are rivetted to hinges in the centre, and the springs, which are self-
adjusting or moveable, are fixed between the iron frame and the upper web of
mettalic laths, by which means the elasticity of a bed can be regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wilson Carter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1859.
I, EDWARD WILSON CARTER, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Cutler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SEWING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to those sewing machines in which a shuttle is employed,
and consists, firstly, in a method of slackening the thread, whereby I am
enabled to use a larger shuttle than those commonly employed. For this pur-
pose I cause the thread to pass through a lever turned downward by a positive
motion, for which purpose I connect it to the needle slide; this lever I cause
to turn back again, so as to tighten the thread by means of a spring, and the
extent of its motion is determined by a stop capable of adjustment; I also con-
struct the connection with the needle bar adjustable so as to be able to modify
the motion of the lever.
Another part of my Invention consists in an arrangement for driving the
shuttle. For this purpose I place a toothed wheel upon the main shaft, which
toothed wheel takes into a pinion upon another axis which carries a crank by
which the shuttle is caused to traverse.
Another part of my Invention consists in a method of retarding the revolution
of the shuttle bobbin. For this purpose I apply a spring within the shuttle
acting against the axis of the bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1859. A communication from Christopher Meyer, of New
Brunswick.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES AND OTHER
COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make a shoe of a neat appearance and
durablo character, that can be worn either without another shoe, or as an
overshoe; and that while possessing all the advantage of an india-rubber shoe,
so far as its sole and lower parts are considered, provides for the evaporation
of the perspiration from the foot; and to this end the Invention consists in
the manufacture of shoes of woollen or other cloth, or felt, or other fabric
that is pervious to air, and to the perspiration of the foot, with an india-rubber
sole, and with a foxing and binding of india-rubber, applied to and combined
with the upper part.
The peculiar features of novelty sought to be protected are, the manufacture
of shoes with their uppers of woollen or other cloth, or felt, or other fabric
that is pervious to air and to the perspiration of the foot, and with a sole
foxing and binding of india-rubber by making a complete "upper" of a piece
of such woollen or other fabric that has been previously prepared by the
agency of heat and pressure on those parts only which are to receive

page_text: the foxing and binding, and to be attached to the soles with a coating of india-
rubber that contains the vulcanizing ingredient or ingredients, and applying
the foxing and binding pieces of rubber and soles to the prepared parts of the
upper, and uniting the whole by vulcanization.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Garforth, of Dukinfield, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 28th June 1859, and dated the 1st January 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Garforth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st January 1859.
I, JAMES GARFORTII, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of reducing the area or steam
surface of the cylinder and piston in such a manner as to enable me to employ
bigh-pressure steam in the cylinder (as it comes from the boiler, or nearly so)
during the entire length of the stroke (if required). The improvement
consists in the employment of two cylinders, one arranged within the other,
the inner cylinder being supplied with steam at a low pressure, and the space
between the cylinders being supplied with high or low pressure steam, the
piston of the outer cylinder being annular in form, and having two piston rods,

page_text: which are connected by a crosshead to the rod of the centre piston. This
novel arrangement of cylinders and pistons will be more clearly understood by
reference to the Drawing attached, in which a is the inner cylinder, and a¹ the
inner piston; b, the outer cylinder, and 6 the outer or intermediate piston,
working in the space c, to which the high-pressure steam is admitted. d, d,
are valves situated at the top and bottom of the inner cylinder, which open and
shut alternately to allow of the required action of the condensor. By this
arrangement the vacuum acting on both pistons is nearly double the area of
the space occupied by the high-pressure steam, whereby a considerable saving
of fuel is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND STITCHING SHEETS OF PAPER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1859.-A communication from Messrs. Sulzberger and
Graf, of Fraunfeld, Switzerland.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR FOLDING AND STITCHING SHEETS
OF PAPER," a communication from abroad by Messieurs Sulzberger and Graf,
of Fraunfeld, Switzerland, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved form and arrangement of machinery
or apparatus for folding printed sheets ready for the binder, and for stitching
the same, whereby greater economy of time and labor, combined with increased
accuracy of work, is obtained than by the ordinary system of hand folding
and stitching. According to, this Invention, the sheets to be folded aro laid
upon a table, above which is extended, in a horizontal position, a knife eilge
or flat blade, which in descending forces the sheet into a slit or narrow
opening made across the table, and carries it down below the table, between
india-rubber or other sustaining bands, in a doubled state. A second blade in
a vertical position then advances, and forces the once folded sheet through a
second narrow slit or opening, which effects the second fold; and, lastly,
a third blade, which is horizontal, and at right angles to the last one,
completes the third fold, and forces the folded sheet between a pair of pressing

page_text: rollers, which finally deliver it at the side of the machine. The first folding
blado is attached at one end to a vertical sliding bar or rod, which is connected
by a chain to the periphery of a pulley below. This pulley is caused to rotate,
and so wind up the chain and depress the blade by a pinion and toothed
segment; and when the pulley is released, the blade is instantly elevated
again by the action of a helical or other spring. The second blade is rigidly
fixed to a horizontal rack, which is caused to advance by means of a
spur pinion worked by a toothed segment, and is drawn back again after the
fold is completed by a spring. The third blade is pushed forward for the
purpose of effecting its fold by a cam, and is then drawn back by a spring, as
described in reference to the first and second blades. Moveable register points
are employed for ensuring the proper position of the sheet beneath the first
folding knife or blade. When required, the sheet may be stitched ready for
the binder immediately before the final fold is accomplished, and this stitching
is effected by means of two needles supplied with thread from a suitable
holder, which arranged to impart the requisite tension thereto. Tho length
of thread required is drawn out of the holder by a thread carrier, which grips
the end of the thread, and then moves outwards a certain distance, so as to
draw the proper length out, which is cut off by a pair of scissors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING HIDES AND SKINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Ward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY WARD, of the City of Auburn, in the County of Cayuga,
and State of New York, one of the United States of North America, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TANNING HIDES AND SKINS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the tanning of hides and skins by a more
speedy and efficient process than heretofore, in suitably arranged vats or tanks,
by the aid of electricity, and is effected in the following manner :-I propose
employing vats or tanks of the ordinary or other suitable construction, the
same being lined with india-rubber, cloth, or other non-conducting substance.
These vats or tanks are filled with tanning liquor, and the hides or skins sus-
pended therein, and an electric current applied by means of a suitable battery.
The effect of this is, that the electric current passes through the whole of the
contents of the vats or tanks, and the tanning process instantly commences and
continues so to do until the strength of the liquor is absorbed, when (if desired)
fresh liquor may be added, and the current again applied.
By this means hides and skins may be fully and effectually tanned in the
space of a few hours.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMPASSES FOR INDICATING THE COURSE AND TIME OF SHIPS AT SEA WITHOUT THE USE OF NEEDLES OR MAGNETS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Dcran Maillard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1859.
I, NICHOLAS DORAN MAILLARD, of No. 18, York Street, Dublin, in Ireland,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMPASSES FOR INDICATING THE COURSE AND TIME OF SHIPS AT SEA
WITHOUT THE USE OF NEEDLES OR MAGNETS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a vertical shaft having at one end thereof one or
more vanes or arms, and at the other end a bevilled wheel to work into
another bevilled wheel, which is fixed on a second shaft which passes through
the centre of a dial, and on the end of such second shaft hands are affixed. The
vertical shaft with such appliances is attached to the side or other convenient
part of the ship or vessel, and allowed to pass through the deck, the end having
the vane or vanes thereon being immersed in the water, so that as the course
of the ship is varied, the water by acting on such vane or vanes causes the
vertical shaft to revolve or partly to revolve, and motion being thereby com-
municated by means of the bevelled wheels to the hands on the dial on which
the points of the compass and hours, and, if required, minutes and seconds, are
marked or engraved; the direction of the vessel, and time of the ship, are
indicated by the hands, the time is taken by the sun, through or by means of a
point, sight hole, or telescope attached to the upper part of the compass or
binnacle, and is thus done :-The ship's head or binnacle is turned towards the
sun, and when it is sighted correctly the hands of the dial which have been

page_text: previously set at the true north, indicate on the dial the true time of the ship
In some cases I employ one or more coiled springs to keep the
bevelled wheels in close contact.
This Invention is also applicable to instruments for surveying and other pur-
poses, by having a wheel properly attached to the end of the shaft instead of 5
vanes, so that as the wheel is caused to revolve, the course or direction of such
instrument is indicated by the bands on the dial, or by other convenient
arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISEMENT SHOW CARDS OR BOARDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Riddle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1859.
I, WILLIAM RIDDLE, of Westbourne Terrace, Barnsbury Park, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADVERTISEMENT SHOW CARDS OR BOARDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making letters, figures, designs, or devices in
relief upon show cards or boards after the following manner:-First, I
perforate the letters, figures, designs, or devices to be formed (on the surface of
cards or boards) through a thick metal or other plate, so that it resembles a
thick stencil plate; I place the aforesaid plate on the cardboard to be operated
upon, and then fill in the cavities with Parian cement or other plastic material,
and press it on to the cardboard flush with the upper surface of the plate. By
pressure of air on the surface of the metal plate, I force the raised letters,
&c. through the stencil plate, thereby detaching the cardboard and figures
or devices thereon from the said plate.
Another method is to form a slab with the letters, figures, or devices cut or
moulded therein as a die of hard material; into the cavities so formed in the
slab I cast soft alloy of metal or plastic material. By means of a thin stencil
plate, perforated to correspond with the recesses in the slab, or other means, I
affix adhesive cement to corresponding portions of the surface of cardboard. I
then turn over the cardboard and press it on the slab, and on removing it

page_text: therefrom the moulded letters, figures, or devices are drawn out of the slab,
adhering to the cardboard.
Another method is to place elastic material, such as white sheep-skin leather,
on the face of a die deeply embossed, on which elastic material a thick coat of
plastic material has been spread, and place the cardboard on it, then by
pressure the leather is forced into the recesses of the die. The object of the
plastic material is to cause the elastic material to be squeezed into the embossed
recesses and produce bolder relief thereby, it also serves to fasten to the
cardboard at the same time; or I take plastic material, such as is used for
moulding ornaments, and spread it on cardboard; then by pressure in a die the
composition or material receives impress of the letters or ornament fashioned
in the die, which remain attached to the cardboard, but the card or board
itself is not embossed or sunken during this operation. I cut off the superfluous
edge afterwards, if necessary. In order to keep the cardboard flat in getting it
out of the dies, I use a pitch block or other "tacky block to stick to the back
temperarily whilst lifting it, or create a partial vacuum at the back of the card
or board, and lift it by the consequent adhesion, the cardboard being only
supported over its back surface. The moulds may be greased or dusted
variously to procure the seperation readily of the ornaments or letters, or
waxed and afterwards warmed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLES AND WICKS, ALSO IN LAMPS OR CANDLESTICKS FOR USING WITH THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Heckethorn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th August
1859.
I, JOHN HECKETHORN, of No. 82, Stanmore Street, Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLES AND WICKS, ALSO IN LAMPS OR CANDLESTICKS FOR
USING WITH THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a more brilliant and steady light
than is given by the candles at present in use, and is effected in the following
manner: I propose making the candle of a round, square, or oval form, and
the wick to be a flat one extending across the candle lengthwise, the top of
the wick to be cut straight across or diamonded, each point giving a separate
flame; the wick may also be made of a tubular form, and extend the whole
length of the candle, or short wicks may be used, the candle being pushed up
to the wick by a spiral spring as in the ordinary candle lamp, the wick being
kept in position by suitable means.
TECTING TELEGRAPH WIRES, AND IN USEING THEM FOR SUBTERRANEAN AND SUBMARINE PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Felton Kirkman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1859.
I, CHARLES FELTON KIRKMAN, of Argyl Street, Regent Street, London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PRO
TECTING TELEGRAPH WIRES, AND IN USEING THEM FOR SUBTERRANEAN AND
SUBMARINE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a mode of constructing and applying telegraph
wires, and consists in placing the wires covered with gutta percha or other
simple or compound substance within a network, plaiting, or braiding of cocoa-
nut fibre, either with or without the exterior service of small wires; in the
latter case, by this new plan, I obtain a submarine rope of great strength, less
than six cwt. to the mile, thereby effecting a great saving of cost, at the same
time the rope will be more durable and more effective than any other, it will
be so tough that it will be almost impossible to sever it except by a sudden jerk
or strain far exceeding that by which a small cable with the exterior serving of
small wire would be broken. The covering of network, plaiting, or braiding
of cocoa-nut fibre will not only give great strength to the rope, but will render.
it so buoyant, that if from any accidental circumstance or required object, it
could be under-run, taken up, and reshipped without trouble or risk. It will
be imperishable in the sea, and will have the effect of attracting to it in its
descent submarino vegitation and the animalcula of the ocean, which will in
a short time form a crust around its surface to further protect it. It will be

page_text: so netted, plaited, or braided over the wire covered with gutta percha or other
simple or compound substance, that the rubbing or breaking a strand at any
one spot will not effect it at another. It will be so pliable that it may be
wound or coiled upon a drum or core fixed upon a kind of turntable, and by
that discharged from the ship at any convenient or required speed, protected
by it from the risk of snarl or kink without the aid of expensive cumbrous
paying-out machinery, drags, &c., which are so likely to be destructive to other
cables. It is also more simple and inexpensive in its construction than those
heretofore used for similar objects.
AN APPARATUS FOR TAKING AN ACCURATE DELINEATION OF ANY VIEW OR OBJECT IN OPEN AIR OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Anscombe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1859.
I, EDMUND ANSCOMBE, of No. 95, Westbourn Street, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN APPARATUS FOR TAKING AN ACCURATE DELINEATION OF ANY VIEW OR
OBJECT IN OPEN AIR OR OTHERWISE," to be as follows:-
First, erect a frame of wood put together by thumb-screws, as shewn in the
accompanying Drawing No. 1, and by taking the screws from one end of each
rail, the remainder folds up. In the upper part is fixed the glass A, which
forms an imaginary plane for the point C to work upon, the glass A sliding in
grooves to extend the field required; B, the point of sight, is held in the
required position by three rods b, b, b, working in three swivels c, c, c, to give
the required scale of drawing direct on the canvas or paper; D, the cor-
responding point to C, holding the pencil & working on the canvas or paper
for the intended view H, which is held between two rails, the upper rail I
sliding up or down to regulate the size of intended view. E, E, E, E, the
parrallel frame or traveller, working up and down a perpendicular rod fixed to
the standard K by means of the hand moving the point C, assisted by the
weight F, with a line working over the pulley G fixed in the top of standard
K, which standard, when required to work the point C to the extreme corner
of the glass A, may be moved to the holes numbered 1, 2, 3. The two stumps

page_text: J, J, are used to obviate any inequality in the ground, and procure a perfectly
upright position for the frame. The frame is steadied by two braces L, L,
with iron pins inserted in the ground, as shewn in Drawing No. 2.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING OR SECURING ENVELOPES AND OTHER LIKE RE- CEPTACLES, ALSO FOR AFFIXING POSTAGE STAMPS, RECEIPT STAMPS, AND ALL OTHER SIMILAR LABELS REQUIRING ADHESIVE PROPERTIES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Simpson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1859.
I, FREDERICK SIMPSON, of City Terrace, St. Luke's, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF FASTENING OR SECURING ENVELOPES AND OTHER LIKE RE-
CEPTACLES, ALSO FOR AFFIXING POSTAGE STAMPS, RECEIPT STAMPS, AND ALL OTHER
SIMILAR LABELS REQUIRING ADHESIVE PROPERTIES," to be as follows:-
G.
This method consists in applying a certain waterproof coating that shall
resist the successive or combined effects of the application of heat, steam, hot
or cold water. To accomplish this I make a mixture of gummi lucca, spiritus
vini, boras soda, aqua, and mucilage, which being liquified by heat I place a
thin coating of this mixture on the inner side of the tongue or lappet of the
envelope, immediately under that part which bears the stamp or device; on the
proofing I place the gum or other adhesive substance to which it adheres.
To render foreign letters secure against damp or immersion, I put a little of
the proofing on the external surface of the side lappets at the point of contact.
To these I attach the lower lappet. The upper lappet is treated as above.
To secure postage stamps, labels, and other articles, I place the waterproof
coating on the inner surface, and immediately on this the gum or other
adhesive substance.

page_text: The receipt stamps I treat after the same method, with a waterproof
coating on the other side, either on paper or otherwise.
To render the external lappet of envelope waterproof, I apply a coating of
gummi mastiche, wax, and naptha, together with or without spiritus vini and
gummi lucca.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREAT- ING OR PREPARING FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1859.
I, EDWARD SMITH, of Dudley Port, in the County of Stafford, Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREAT-
ING OR PREPARING FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to the furnaces called mill furnaces and puddling
furnaces used in the manufacture of iron. In treating or preparing mill
furnaces according to my Invention, I take ordinary pebbles or flints, and
after calcining the said pebbles or flints, I reduce them to powder, and by the
use of water make therewith a paste or mortar. I use the said pasto or
mortar to line the interior of the mill furnace. The slag obtained from the
mill furnace so treated or prepared I employ to treat or prepare the puddling
furnace. In applying the said slag to the preparation of the puddling furnace,
I reduce it to powder, or cast it in the form of bricks, and use it for lining the
puddling furnace in the ordinary way. Although I prefer moistening the
calcined and powdered pebbles or flints, yet the powder may be used without
moistening, or may be made into bricks, and the mill furnace lined therewith;.
and although I prefer calcining the pebbles or flints before reducing to them
powder, yet they may be used without calcination.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN EXTRACTING METALLIC COPPER PROM THE PYRITES RESIDUUM OF VITRIOL WORKS AND FROM OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Leisler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1859. A communication from Doctor Hasenclever, residing at Aix-la-
Chapelle, in Prussia.
I, LOUIS LEISLER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN EXTRACTING METALLIC COPPER PROM THE PYRITES RESIDUUM OF VITRIOL
WORKS AND FROM OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
I take the pyrites residuum of the vitriol works from which the whole or
the greater part of the sulphur has been burned off, and treat it in suitable
vessels with muriatic acid largely diluted with water. I employ in general
from 20 to 50 lbs. of acid for every ton of the pyrites residue, although I do
not confine myself to these proportions, but diminish or increase the quantity
of each according to the nature of the pyrites. When the acid is allowed to
remain in contact with the pyrites residuum for a sufficient length of time, it
dissolves the copper along with a certain quantity of iron, and when the fluid
is saturated, it is run into another vessel containing pieces of old iron, which
precipitate the copper in the metallic state. The fluid from which the copper
has been separated contains iron in the form of protochloride, and it is exposed
to the air for some days, so as to convert it into perchloride, after which a
small quantity of muriatic acid is added to it, and the mixture is used to act
upon another quantity of pyrites residuum, from which it readily extracts the

page_text: copper. The copper being separated by iron, as before, the fluid is again
converted into perchloride, and after being acidulated serves to extract a third
quantity of pyrites residuum, and so on as often as may be found convenient.
When the pyrites residuum has not been completely burned, and still
contains some copper in the form of sulphuret, I proceed as follows:-I place
the residuum in heaps, and moisten it with chloride of iron obtained from a
previous operation, and leave it exposed to the air for some months, or for
such time as is necessary to oxidize the copper contained in it, and I then act
upon it with the acidulated solution of perchloride of iron in the manner
herein-before described for the treatment of the fully burned residuum.
While I thus describe the method of operation which I believe to be most
convenient in practice, I by no means restrict myself to the proportions herein-
before mentioned, nor to the use of muriatic acid; but when circumstances
render it advisable, I employ other acids and particularly sulphuric acid.
Neither do I confine myself to pyrites residuum, for the process is also applicable
to any substance containing a small quantity of copper mixed with much
iron.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CURRYING LEATHER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mercer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January
1859. A communication from Mr. Joseph Armstrong, Currier, residing
in the County of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, America.
I, JAMES MERCER, of Boston, in the State of Massachusetts, United States
of America, temporarily residing at Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Currier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CURRYING LEATHER," to be as follows, as com-
municated to me:-
I take the hides direct from the tan vat or pit, and place them in a machine
(similar, say, to a cotton or cider press), and subject them to a. pressure
sufficient to expel the moisture or liquor; I then take the hides and apply
stuffing or grease to them, so that they will be "plumped up," and made to
receive the grease to advantage; much time is saved by this process, and
labour materially lessened.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CALENDERING AND FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS OR OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Ralph Howarth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1859.
I, JESSE RALPH HOWARTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CALENDERING AND FINISHING
TEXTILE FABRICS OR OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon the ordinary calendering
machine, and is designed for the purpose of adjusting or regulating the
amount of pressure to be exerted by the bowls upon the fabric passing between
them.
The improvement consists, first, in supporting or mounting each bowl upon
bearings or beds of india-rubber or other elastic substance, so that the vertical
pressure or weight of each respective bowl is sustained or received by the
bearings, and the pressure upon the fabric may consequently be regulated to a
greater or less degree, as required, whereby also I am enabled to employ three
or more paper bowls, which constitute a second important feature of the
improvements. Hitherto, in the perpendicular form of calender, only one
paper bowl and two heating cylinders could be employed by reason of the
great weight and pressure of the bowl, but by thus supporting the bowls, three
or more may be used, and consequently a higher degree of finish may be given
to the surface under operation. The bowls are to be heated by contact with
an arrangement of heating cylinders or rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS SUITABLE FOR THE BODIES OF HATS, CAPS, AND BONNETS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1859.
I, WILLIAM WILSON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Hat Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS SUITABLE FOR THE BODIES OF HATS,
CAPS, AND BONNETS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of felted
fabrics suitable for the bodies of hats, caps, and bonnets. For these purposes
one or more sets of conical blocks or shapes are placed on axes or spindles
somewhat inclined to each other, and these axes or spindles are carried by an
upright spindle or axis, which is caused to rotate opposite a carding engine,
so that the sliver may be received on to the two conical blocks, which are
arranged to have a rotation on their own axes first in one direction and then
in the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANES OR CUTTING TOOLS FOR WORKING IN WOOD
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1859.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of the Town and County of Aberdeen, North Britain,
Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PLANES OR CUTTING TOOLS FOR WORKING IN WOOD," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates principally to joiners' planes formed with iron soles
and sides, but it is also suitable for being carried out in the manufacture of
wooden planes. In planes made according to this Invention, each and every
necessary working part is accurately adjustable by distinct screw movements.
The main movement consists of a horizontal transverse worm or screw spindle
fitted to work in bearings on the under side of the bed of the plane iron, and
having at one end a milled headed button for turning with the fingers.
Beneath the central portion of this screw there is a worm wheel fast on the
inclined upper end of a short screw spindle, the lower end of which works in
a fixed nut in the body or stock of the plane. The bed of the plane iron is a
detached frame piece of brass, hinged upon a centre near the sole of the plane,
so that by turning the main screw spindle, the bed can be elevated or depressed,
and set at any required angle with the sole of the plane, by working upon the
bottom centre. The same main screw spindle also gears with a spur pinion
fast on the upper end of a central longitudinal screw spindle working in end
bearings in the open central portion of the plane iron bed. The plane iron
itself has attached to its under side a half nut, which gears with the threads of

page_text: the central longitudinal screw spindle just described. Hence the single move-
ment of the main transverse screw spindle both turns the bed upon its centre,
and raises or lowers the plane iron with its upper iron just as may be required.
When adjusted, the parts are retained in position by a tensional screw spindle
entered through a nut in the upper end of a wedge piece centred transversely
in the plane stock. The end of this screw bears upon the upper end of the
upper plane iron, whilst the lower edge of the centre wedge piece bears
against the lower end of the same iron. Provision is also made for fixing the
main screw spindle when the bed. is elevated to the required height, so that
the plane iron may be worked without moving the bed.
The front portion of the sole of the plane is also adjustable by means of an
end screw, so that the opening or slot through which the plane iron works
may be adjusted as to width when necessary.