IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE. OF ICE-AND APPARATUS
Year: 1884

page_text: I HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co. Patent Agents.
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature.
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE. OF ICE-AND APPARATUS
to be as follows:-
THEREFOR
This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for manufacturing ice.
The said invention comprises improvements in that class of ice making machines,
in which cold is produced by vaporizing water by means of a vacuum maintained
by removing the vapor as rapidly as it is formed.
The chief object of the said invention is to provide an improved machine for
facilitating the manufacture of a block of ice and removing the said block from
the machine.
A
The said invention consists, partly in so constructing an ice making machine that
a layer of water is spread or distributed on a surface, which is exposed to a partial
vacuum whereby the, water will be congealed; or a moistened surface can, be
exposed to cold air. The water is spread on the said, surface either by immersing
the said surface in water, or water can be spread on the, surface by revolving or
reciprocating the receptacles in which the water is so protected that it cannot be
acted upon by the cold or rarefied air, and cannot become congealed.
The invention also partly consists in the novel construction and combination of
parts as will be fully described and set forth hereinafter.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a cylindrical vessel inclined
downwardly.on a car and having wheels running on tracks, the car body being
pivotted by a central pin on the truck so that the said cylindrical vessel can easily
be turned on the said vertical pin.
The said cylindrical vessel is provided at its lower open end with a flange which
is adapted to fit closely against a flange formed on the upper end of a second
and short cylindrical vessel the interior diameter of which is slightly less than the
interior diameter of the first cylindrical vessel.
The second cylindrical vessel is provided with a flanged neck to which a pipe
leading to a vapor exhaust apparatus can be coupled. A water inlet pipe leads to

page_text: the bottom of the second cylindrical vessel and is provided with a valve attached
to a lever connected with a float contained in a suitable receptacle in which the
water can rise as high as in the second cylindrical vessel. A transverse partition is
provided in the second cylindrical vessel the said partition being so arranged that
the middle of its free edge is on the central longitudinal axis of the said vessel.
That part of the second vessel below the partition contains the water and the
partition is to cover the upper surface of the water and prevent the water from
being evaporated.
An agitator, consisting of a hub or cylinder having wings, is journalled in the
second cylindrical vessel below the partition, a hollow piston fitting closely in the
said second cylindrical vessel and thus, having a smaller diameter than the first
cylindrical vessel, is rigidly mounted on a tubular shaft which is journalled in the
hub of a bevel cogwheel, which hub is held to revolve in the neck of the head of
the first cylindrical vessel. The said tubular shaft is journalled in the free edge of
the partition in such a manner that the intersection of the central line of the
tubular shaft and the middle of the free edge of the partition will be exactly on
the central longitudinal axis of the first cylindrical cylinder The lower end of the
tubular shaft is closed and projects into a tubular pocket projecting from the end
wall of the second compartment or vessel. The upper end of the tubular shaft is
screw threaded and is adapted to be screwed in the internally threaded part of a
tube held on the central neck or hub of the head and projecting from the same.
A rod is screwed in the upper end of the tubular shaft and projects from the outer
end of the tube in which it is suitably journalled.
A bevel pinion engages with the bevel cog wheel resting against the inner surface
of the head which bevel pinion is contained in a suitable compartment formed in
the head. The said bevel pinion is rigidly mounted on a shaft suitably journalled
and on the outer end of the said shaft is mounted a belt pulley, over which a belt
can be passed for revolving a disc.
When the machine is started, the piston is contained in the second cylindrical
vessel and rests against the free edge of the partition, and the flange of the first
cylindrical vessel must rest closely against. the flange of the second cylindrical
vessel. Water is admitted into the latter vessel and rises up to the end surface of
the partition. If the level of the water falls the float will fall with it and will
open a valve admitting a greater supply of water. The float thus regulates the
quantity of water in the second cylindrical vessel.
The said bevel cog wheel is rotated through a bevel pinion and rotates the tubular
shaft which is keyed therein in such a manner that the tubular shaft can slide in
the bevel cogwheel and at the same time the bevel cogwheel can revolve the shaft
If the tubular shaft is revolved the piston will also be revolved and half of the
surface of the piston will be in contact with the water the other half being in the
vacuum chamber in the upper part of the second cylindrical vessel.
A partial
vacuum is formed in the upper part of the latter vessel by a very powerful exhaust
apparatus, vapor pump, or other suitable device, and this vacuum causes an evapo-
ration of a portion of the water on the exposed surface of the disc or piston. By
this evaporation heat is taken from the water and the water congeals on the
exposed surface of the piston and a layer of ice is formed as the piston revolves
continuously. While the ice is passing through the vacuum chamber, a portion of
the ice vaporizes, thereby reducing the temperature of its surface several degrees
below the freezing point so that when the ice is submerged in the water in the
lower compartment, the water with which it comes in contact will freeze to it
thereby increasing its thickness from about 1/4 to say 1/8 of an inch. The water
carried up by the ice surface as it passes into the vacuum chamber is frozen, the
surface of the ice is cooled below the freezing point again and so on. Every revo-
lution adds a fresh layer of ice to the block which in reality consists of a spiral
of ice.
As the cylinder of ice increases in size it forces the piston toward the head of
the first cylindrical vessel until finally the threaded end of the tubular shaft

page_text: engages in the threaded part of a tube whereby the tubular shaft and the piston
will be drawn up. The tubular shaft will also be entirely withdrawn from the
second cylindrical vessel and with the block of ice will be contained entirely
within the cylindrical vessel. The cylinder of ice is then withdrawn from the
vessel containing it and is swung to one side; then a rod is unscrewed from the end
of the tubular shaft and steam is admitted into the same which steam passes
through a suitable aperture into the hollow piston. The steam rapidly heats the
tubular shaft and the piston and thereby the cylinder of ice is released from the
tubular shaft and the piston and slides out of the cylindrical vessel. Now the
machine is ready for making another block of ice. An agitator is provided to
agitate the water so that all parts of the end of the block or piston will be
moistened.
According to a modification of the said invention the tubular shaft is journalled
centrally in a cylindrical vessel connected by a series of tubes or necks with a
pipe connected with a vapour exhaust apparatus. On one end of the tubular shaft
is mounted a cogwheel engaging with a pinion mounted on the same shaft as a belt
pulley whereby the tubular shaft can be rotated The cylindrical vessel is composed
of two semi-cylindrical sections which are hinged to each other, the upper end being
adapted to be swung over to permit the removal of the block of ice.
On the tubular shaft two hollow pistons are mounted which fit closely against
the inner surface of the cylindrical vessel. A series of sliding partitions are held.
transversely at the middle of the cylinder, the partitions being so arranged that
one can slide under the other, the end partitions having their outer edges bevelled
downward so that the outer edges of the said partitions will coincide with the.
horizontal axis of the pistons. The partitions can be provided with springs for
pressing them toward the pistons, or they can be adjusted to rest against the
pistons before starting the machine and can have very close joints so that they will
not slide too easily.
In operation the lower part of the cylindrical vessel is filled with water, the
tubular shaft is revolved, and the air is exhausted from the upper part of the
cylindrical vessel, so that half of each piston will be exposed to the partial vacuum
and the other half will be in the water contained in the lower part of the cylindrical
vessel As the tubular shaft revolves and the pistons revolve with it, the moistened'
surfaces of the pistons will be exposed to the partial vacuum and the water on the
pistons will be congealed and thereby successive layers of ice will be formed on
both sides of the pistons, that is the thickness of the pistons will gradually be.
increased on both sides, the diameter remaining the same. As the thickness of the
pistons increases the transverse partitions are gradually pushed under each other,
one partition sliding under the other until the blocks of ice extend from the edge.
of one neck about to the edge of the other neck.
The partitions cover the water and prevent the water under the same from being
vaporized, so that only the water carried above the partitions by the ice and the
ice itself can vapourize, whereby the surface of the ice is cooled to such an extent
that a layer of ice will be formed and so on. After the blocks or cylinders of ice
have been formed, the upper part of the cylindrical vessel is swung upward and
the blocks are lifted out of the said vessel with the tubular shaft and then loosened
from the said shaft by admitting steam into the shaft and into the hollow pistons.
According to another modification the tubular shaft is journalled in a cylindrical
vessel composed of two semi-cylindrical sections hinged to each other, the upper
one of which is provided with a neck connected with the pipe of a vapour exhaust
apparatus of some suitable kind. A small hollow piston is mounted on the tubular
shaft which shaft is provided with a cog-wheel for revolving it.
A series of transverse horizontal sliding plates are held in the cylindrical vessel.
the said plates being adapted to slide in the direction of the length of the cylindrical
vessel and the lowest of the said plates having its outer edge bevelled in such a
manner that it will be exactly on the horizontal diameter of the said cylindrical
vessel, the said bevelled edge extending across the middle of the piston. As the

page_text: .
At the
block of ice formed around the piston increases in thickness it gradually pushes
the plates from each other and toward the ends of the cylindrical vessel.
same time that the thickness of the block increases its diameter also increases.
Plates are provided to rest against the periphery or circular edge of the block
which plates are gradually pushed toward the sides of a cylindrical vessel, as the.
diameter of the block of ice increases. The latter plates also slide under each
other in the same manner as the plates before mentioned.
The last modification differs from the one described before it inasmuch as that in
the first machine the thickness only. of the block increases, whereas in the last
machine the thickness and diameter increase at the same time.
In operation the vapour is exhausted from the upper part of the cylindrical vessel
and thereby the water on the surface of the piston or of the block formed on the
piston will be congealed; the fresh ice surface thus formed is again moistened
and the water is again congealed and so on, the block of ice is thus gradually
enlarged.
•
According to another modification the tubular shaft is journalled in a cylindrical
vessel and is provided at one end with a gear wheel for revolving it. The said
cylindrical vessel is composed of two semi-cylindrical sections hinged to each other,
of which the upper section is provided with a neck connected with the pipe of a
vapour exhaust apparatus. In the underside of the upper section of the cylindrical
vessel two wings are pivotted, which extend from one end of the cylinder to the
other and are of such length that they can reach down to and come in contact
with, the surface of the tubular shaft in such a manner that their edges will rest
on the tubular shaft in the horizontal plane, thus exactly half of the shaft will be
above and half below the free edges of the wings.
The said wings are pivotted to the under side of the upper section as near the
edges of the neck as possible. Springs of any suitable construction can be provided
for pressing the free edges of the wings against the tubular shaft and the said
springs can either be attached to the wings in such a manner as to draw them
together, or they can be attached to the wings and the upper surface of the upper
semi-cylindrical section and may consist of band or coiled springs. The free edges
of the wings are pressed against the sides of the tubular shaft or against the
cylindrical block of ice formed on the said shaft. The vapour is exhausted through
the said neck, and thus the space bounded by one half of the cylindrical surface of
the shaft, or the cylinder of ice formed on the same by the ends of the upper section
and by the wings, will not contain any air or only rarefied air. Thus the water on
the exposed part of the tubular shaft or of the cylinder of ice formed on the same
will be congealed by the cold produced by evaporation. As the shaft is being
revolved a freshly moistened surface will be continuously exposed to the partial
vacuum and will be congealed and thereby a spiral layer of ice will be formed on
the tubular shaft. The surface of the water in the lower part of the cylindrical
vessel will not be congealed as the wings prevent the vapour from being exhausted
from those parts of the upper section above the surface of the water. As the
diameter of the cylinder of ice increases the wings are pressed towards the sides of
the section but always rest closely against the surface of the cylinder of ice to
prevent the vapour from being exhausted from the surface of the remaining water.
After the block is formed the upper section can be swung over to one side and the
block of ice can be removed and released from the shaft by admitting steam into
the shaft in the manner previously described. If desired india-rubber or leather
packing strips can be placed on the ends of the wings.
.
According to another modification a cylindrical vessel is mounted on two sets of
journalled rollers resting on a suitable base. The heads of the cylindrical vessel are
each provided with a central aperture. One head is made removable and is held on
the end of the cylindrical vessel in any suitable manner. A trough having a
segmental cross section and of the length of the cylindrical vessel in which it fits,
is provided at the top with a neck which is covered with a flexible tube or hose

page_text: connected by a pipe with a water supply 'tank or pump. The edges of the sides of
the trough are provided with beads or with india-rubber.or leather packing strips.
For operating the machine vapour exhaust pipes are coupled on one end of the
cylinder, so that the vapour can be exhausted by means of any suitable vapour
exhausting apparatus. Water is then admitted through a pipe and 'the hose into
the trough, and the cylinder is revolved by turning the pulleys or in any other
suitable manner. The water moistens, the inner surface of the cylinder 'and as the
same revolves the entire inner surface of the cylinder will be moistened; as the
vapour is exhausted from the cylinder the water congeals and a layer of ice is
'formed. As the cylinder revolves 'continuously the water in the trough will
continue to moisten the inner surface of the cylinder of ice formed within the
cylinder, and for every revolution of the cylinder a fresh layer of ice will be forined
on the other layers or on the inner surface of the cylinder of ice, and thereby the
'thickness of the wall of the said cylinder of ice will gradually increase toward the
interior until the diameter of the hole remaining is slightly greater than the greatest
height of the. trough so as to permit of withdrawing the said trough from the central
bore of the cylinder of ice. To withdraw the block the air exhaust pipes are
disconnected, the trough is withdrawn and the head is removed, the above described
operation is then repeated.
According to another modification a vertical cylindrical vessel 'constructed of
brick, stone or other suitable material, is employed so that it will not be apt to
collapse and is provided with a laterally projecting neck, to which a vapour exhaust
apparatus can be coupled and with two openings, closed by suitable doors, through
which openings the ice can be removed."
The outer surface of the vessel may be provided with a coating of 'cement or
other analogous suitable material to prevent the air from leaking through the walls
into the interior of the vessel. In the bottom of the cistern or vessel thus formed
is a socket for receiving the lower end of a vertical shaft projecting through the top
of the vessel or receptacle. On the said shaft a cog-wheel is journalled in such
a manner that the shaft can slide through the said cog wheel, but must 'turn
therewith. The shaft projects into a tubular casing formed on the top of a
second casing secured firmly on the top of the cylindrical vessel or receptacle.
A pinion engages with the 'said cog wheel and is mounted on a shaft provided
"with a belt pulley, so that, by revolving the said shaft, the vertical shaft will
be revolved. A tube passes through a stuffing box in the top of the first casing
passing down through the said casing and through the cogwheel and extends
down to a ring surrounding the vertical shaft at its lower end One or inore
inverted traps or boxes are sécured on the lower end of the vertical shaft and
extend almost to the inner surface of the vessel or receptacle so that the 'circle
formed by the outer'ends of 'the said traps will be of less diameter than the interior.
of the said receptacle or vessel. The inverted troughs or 'boxes are connected at
their inner ends with the ring so that if water is conducted through the tube it
will enter the ring and will be conducted into the several troughs.
When the operation begins the bottom edges of the troughs or boxes rest on the
bottom of the receptacle or vessel and if water is conducted into the boxes and the
boxes are revolved by the vertical shaft the floor of the receptacle will be moistened.
The air is then exhausted from the vessel and the water on the bottom of the
vessel congeals and forms a thin layer of ice. As the boxes continue to rotate
water is brought in contact with the cold surface of the ice already formed, which
water congeals to it and forms a fresh layer of ice and so on, The block of ice
then gradually thickens and thereby the boxes are moved upward and the vertical
shaft and the tube connected with the boxes are also moved upward and slide into
the first casing, the tube sliding through the stuffing box at the top of the said
'casing. This is continued until the block of ice extends to the neck then the
side openings are opened and the block of ice is broken by means of suitable
implements inserted through the said 'openings and the ice is removed through the
openings.

page_text: In all the modifications described the water was distributed on the block of ice
or on the plate, disc, cylinder or the like on which the ice was to be formed by a
rotary movement, but the water can also be distributed by reciprocating machinery
In this case a strong cylindrical square or other suitable casing which has one fixed
end and a removable end is provided. Adjoining the fixed end is a transverse
partition and adjoining the removable end is a removable transverse partition.
The bottom of the casing is provided with tracks or rails extending from one
end to the other on which tracks or rails the wheels of a platform run, the ends
of which platform fit into grooves in the lower parts of the partitions.
a
A series of inverted transverse troughs are connected by tubes and one of the
troughs is provided with an upwardly projecting neck which is connected by
flexible tube or hose with a water supply pipe A connecting rod connects one of
the troughs with a crank arm at the lower end of a vertical shaft on which a
cog-wheel is keyed in such a manner that the said vertical shaft revolves with the
cogwheel but can slide through the same into a tubular casing held in a casing
secured on the top of the main casing and surrounding the cog-wheel and a pinion.
The said pinion engages with a cog wheel mounted on a shaft provided with a belt
pulley The lower end of the vertical shaft is held in a cross piece the ends of
which slide in grooves in the partitions fitting closely against the side edges of the
platform the said cross piece being adapted to slide upward with the vertical shaft.
The main casing is provided with a rack to which a pipe can be coupled for
connecting the compartment or vessel with a vapor exhausting apparatus.
When the machine is started the troughs rest on the platform and the water,
which is admitted to the troughs moistens the upper surface of the platform as
soon as the troughs are reciprocated over the platform by the vertical shaft; as the
vapor is exhausted from the compartment or main casing the water distributed on
the platform will be congealed and a layer of ice formed As water is being spread
continuously on the surface of the ice formed and the said water congeals, layers of
ice will be formed continuously-and the block of ice will increase in thickness
moving the troughs upward with it and also carrying the vertical shaft upward.
When the block of ice is completed the removable end and one of the partitions are
removed and the platform is drawn out of the receptacle or vessel, the ice is
removed from the same and the above described operation is repeated.
In all the modifications above described the ice is formed by cooling a surface
of ice a few degrees below the freezing point by vaporizing part of the ice then
submerging this surface and thereby causing a quantity of water to congeal to the
surface whereby a layer of ice is formed and so on. The temperature of the water
is but slightly above the freezing point so that when ice having a temperature
of 20° F. is brought into contact with water having a temperature of 32° the heat
passes from the water to the ice and as the water is thus cooled very rapidly it
congeals on the surface of the ice and thus increases the thickness of the same.
The latent heat evolved by the freezing is absorbed by the large block of ice.
Naturally the ice can be formed by forcing cold air into the freezing device in
place of producing the cold by vaporization.
Any suitable pump, blower or vapor exhaust device can be used for exhausting
the vapor in the freezing chamber for the purpose of producing the cold required
for congealing the water, but I prefer to use bellows of an especial construction.
The said bellows comprises a series of double bellows held between transverso
partitions of a frame, the bellows compartments being separated by valve com-
partments each connected with the bellows and with a pipe connected with an
outlet pipe. The frame is surrounded by a shell of masonry or metal which shell
if made of masonry, must be cemented so as to prevent the leakage of air The
shell or casing is provided with a neck to which the exhaust pipe of the ice making
machine is coupled. The inner or adjoining ends of each pair of bellows are
secured to a transverse platform which several platforms are secured to a piston
rod passing through stuffing boxes in the top of the casing and in the top and
bottom of the frame. If the piston rod is moved upward the bottom bellows that

page_text: is the bellows attached to the end side of the platforms will be opened. and the
vapor entering through the neck will be drawn into the bellows; at the same time-
the upper bellows are compressed or closed and the vapour in them is forced out
through the chambers and pipes. When the rod is moved downward the upper
bellows are opened and the vapour entering through the neck is drawn into them
and the lower bellows are compressed and the vapour in them is forced out through
the pipes. The bellows exhaust and eject vapour continously. and a large quantity
of vapour can be exhausted by means of the improved device.
The improved apparatus may be combined with means for condensing the
vapour pumped from the freezing chamber by the pump or bellows. The pump
which may be a piston pump, bellows, or blower of any other kind is connected by
a pipe with a serpentine pipe which is connected with the neck of a chamber so
that all the vapour must pass through the said serpentine pipe into the pump and
from the pump it then passes through a pipe into a condenser into which a
perforated water pipe projects. Water is forced through the said pipe and spray
drops from the top of the vessel to the bottom and condenses the vapour. The
water flowing from the vessel is pumped off by another pump.
The serpentine pipe is provided at each curve with a transverse pocket or trough
each of which is provided with a horizontal slot in the top. In each pocket a series
of water circulating pipes are arranged each set of pipes being connected with a pipe
which in turn is connected with a water supply pipe which also conducts the water
into the perforated water pipe. The uppermost pocket is connected by a pipe with
a pump for pumping sulphuric acid into the uppermost pocket until the said pocket
is filled with sulphuric acid. The acid then flows over the lower edge of the slot
of the uppermost pocket and drops on the curved part of the serpentine pipe
below and flows into the second pocket, and when the same is filled the sulphuric
acid flows into the third and then into the fourth pocket and when it arrives at
the bottom of the serpentine pipe it flows into a discharge pipe. As the sulphuric
acid drops through the space in the serpentine pipe it absorbs aqueous vapour and
thereby becomes gradually weakened or diluted and the acid that flows into the
discharge pipe is quite dilute. As the acid absorbs very great quantities of aqueous.
vapour the quantity of vapour to be exhausted by the pump will be materially
reduced and the cost of operating the ice machine will be reduced accordingly.
In order to prevent the sulphuric acid from flowing along the curved surface of
the serpentine pipe as it is apt to do, I have provided a transverse ledge, apron, or
tongue a short distance below the lower edge of each slot, which ledge, apron, or
tongue causes the sulphuric acid to drop vertically so that it can absorb the vapour.
The sulphuric acid which is heated by taking up the vapour, is cooled by the water
circulating in the pipes; but when it flows into the discharge pipe it is still quite
warm. The warm diluted sulphuric acid passes from the discharge pipe through
other pipes to the upper part of a boiler containing flues, the diluted sulphuric acid
is then heated and the water is evaporated and passes as vapour through a pipe,
which also leads to the condenser, and is therein condensed with the vapours from
the pump.
The sulphuric acid is gradually condensed in the boiler and the
condensed acid flows through pipes to the pump and is again pumped into the
pockets in the manner described.
As stated above it is a matter of very great importance to reduce the quantity
of vapour to be exhausted by the pump as much as possible and I prefer to use
the means just described, but any suitable means can be used for condensing the
vapours so that the quantity to be exhausted by the pump will be decreased.

page_text: .
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
:
I. HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and 'Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a method of, and appartus for, manufacturing ice.
The said invention comprises improvements in that class of ice-making machines
in which cold is produced by vaporizing water by means of a vacuum maintained
by removing the vapor as rapidly as it is formed.
The chief object of the said invention is to provide an improved 'machine for
facilitating the manufacture of a block of ice and removing the said block from
the machine.
The said invention consists partly in so 'constructing an ice making machine that
a layer of water is spread or distributed on a surface, which is exposed to a partial
vacuum whereby the water will be congealed; or a moistened surface can be exposed
to 'cold air. The water is spread on the said surface either by immersing the said
Burface in water, or water can be spread on the surface by revolving or reciprocating
the receptacles in which the water is so protected that it cannot be acted upon by
the cold or rarefied air, and cannot become congealed.
The invention also partly consists in the novel construction and 'conibinations
of parts as will be fully described and set forth hereinafter.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a machine constructed according
'to this invention.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same, showing the freezing cylinder turned
for removing the block.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the 'cover of the 'freezing
cylinder.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of the float and régulating valve.
Figure 5 is a sectional plan view showing a modification of the improved
machine.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same.
Figure 7 is an end elevation of the same, parts being broken out.
Figure 8 is a cross sectional elevation on the line x, x, Figure 6.
Figure 9 is a side view of one of the discs or blocks of ice formed in the
machine.
Figure 10 is a longitudinal sectional elevation showing a further modification of
the improved ice making machine on the line y, y, Figure 11.
Figure 11 is a cross sectional elevation of the same on the line 2, 2, Figure 10.
Figure 12 is a sectional plan view of part of the same on the line x, x¹,
Figure 11.
F

page_text: Figure 13 is a cross sectional elevation of another modification of the improved
ice making machine on the line y', ', Figure 14.
Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on the line ¹, z¹, Figure 13.
Figure 15 is a cross-sectional elevation of another modification on the line ³, x³,
Figure 16.
Figure 16 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of the same on the line y², y²,
Figure 15.
Figure 17 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of another modification of the
improved ice making machine.
Figure 18 is a plan view of the same.
Figure 19 is a plan view of the same on the line 22, 22 Figure 17.
Figure 20 is la longitudinal sectional elevation of another modification of the
improved ice making machine.
Figure 21 is a cross sectional elevation of the same on the line ³, ³ Figure 20.
Figure 22 is a cross sectional elevation of the blower or bellows used in connection
with the ice making machine.
Figure 23 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line x, x*, Figure 22.
Figure 24 is a sectional plan view on the line a³, x, Figure 22.
Figure 25 is a longitudinal sectional view of the improved ice machine, showing
it combined with means for absorbing the vapor.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures.
My improved ice machine can be constructed in various ways, but the principle
always remains the same. I will now describe several different constructions.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4 inclusive, a cylindrical vessel A, is held inclined
downward on a car A¹ provided with wheels running on tracks A, the car body A¹
being pivotted by a central pin A³ on the truck so that the cylinder A can easily
be turned on the said vertical pin A³.
The said cylinder A, is provided at its lower open end with a flange a which is
adapted to fit closely against a flange b formed on the upper end of a short
cylindrical vessel B, the interior diameter of which is slightly less than the interior
diameter of the cylindrical vessel A.
The vessel B is provided with a flanged neck B₁ to which a pipe leading to a
vapor exhaust apparatus can be coupled. A water inlet pipe B2 leads to the bottom
of the vessel B and is provided with a valve B³ attached to a lever connected with
a float B contained in a suitable receptacle B5 in which the water can rise as high
as in the vessel B. A transverse partition B is provided in the cylindrical
vessel B, the said partition B being so arranged that the middle of its free edge is
on the central longitudinal axis of the vessel B. That part of the vessel B below
the partition B contains the water, and the partition B6 is to cover the upper
surface of the water and prevent the water from being evaporated.
An agitator B' consisting of a hub or cylinder having wings, is journalled in the
vessel B below the partition B. A hollow piston C, fitting closely in the
cylindrical vessel B, and thus having a smaller diameter than the cylinder A, is
rigidly mounted on a tubular shaft C¹ which is journalled in a hub C2 of a bevel
cog wheel C³, which hub is held to revolve in the neck of the head C of the
cylinder A. The tubular shaft C' is journalled in the free edge of the partition Bo
in such a manner that the intersection of the central line of the tubular shaft and
the middle of the free edge of the partition B6 will be exactly on the central
longitudinal axis of the cylinder A. The lower end of the tubular shaft is closed
and projects into a tubular pocket Bs projecting from the end wall of the compart-
ment or vessel B. The upper end C of the tubular shaft C is screw threaded and
is adapted to be screwed in the internally threaded part of a tube C° held on the
central neck or hub of the head C and projecting from the same.. A rod C' is
screwed in the end C of the tubular shaft C' and projects from the outer end of
the tube Co in which it is suitably journalled.
A bevel pinion c'engages with the bevel cogwheel C³ resting against the inner
surface. of the head C, which bevel pinion is contained in a suitable compartment

page_text: °
formed in the head. The bevel pinion c is rigidly mounted on a shaft c¹ suitably
journalled, and on the outer end of the said shaft is mounted a belt pulley c², over
which a belt can be passed for revolving the disc C³.
When the machine is started, the piston C is contained in the compartment B,
and rests against the free edge of the partition B, and the flange a of the cylinder A-
must rest closely against the flange b of the compartment B. Water is admitted
into the compartment B and rises up to the end surface of the partition B. If, the
level of the water falls the float B will fall with it and will open the valve B³
admitting a greater supply of water and the float thus regulates the quantity of
water in the compartment B.
The bevel cogwheel CS is rotated from the bevel pinion c and rotates the tubular
'shaft C¹ which is keyed therein in such a manner that the tubular shaft can slide
in the bevel cogwheel and at the same time the bevel cogwheel can revolve the
shaft. If the shaft C¹ is revolved the piston C will also be revolved and half of the
surface of the piston will be in contact with the water the other half being in
the vacuum chamber in the upper part of the compartment B. A partial vacuum
is formed in the upper part of the compartment or vessel B by a very powerful
exhaust apparatus, vapor pump, or other suitable device and this vacuum causes an
evaporation of a portion of the water on the exposed surface of the disc or piston C.
By this evaporation heat is taken from the water and the water congeals on the.
exposed surface of the piston C and a layer of ice is formed as the piston C
revolves continuously. While the ice is passing through the vacuum chamber,
a portion of the ice vaporizes, thereby reducing the temperature of its surface
several degrees below the freezing point so that when the ice is submerged in the
water in the lower compartment, the water with which it comes in contact will
freeze to it, thereby increasing its thickness from 1/4 to 1/8 of an inch. The water
carried up by the ice surface as it passes into the vacuum chamber frozen, the
surface of the ice is cooled below the freezing point again and so on. Every
revolution adds a fresh layer of ice to the block which in reality consists of a spiral
of ice.
"
As the cylinder of ice grows it forces the piston in the direction of the arrow a¹,
that is toward the head of the cylinder A, until finally the threaded end of the
tubular shaft C engages in the threaded part of the tube C whereby the tubular
shaft C' and the piston C will be drawn up in the direction of the arrow a'.
The tubular shaft C will also be entirely withdrawn from the compartment B
and with the block of ice I will be contained entirely within the cylinder A. The
cylinder is then withdrawn from the compartment B. and is swung to one side;
then the rod C is unscrewed from the end of the tubular shaft C and steam is
admitted into the tubular shaft C which steam passes through a suitable
aperture into the hollow piston C. The stean rapidly heats the tubular
shaft C¹ and the piston C, and thereby the cylinder of ice will be released from
the tubular shaft and the piston, and will 'slide out of the cylinder A, as shown in
Figure 2. Now the machine is ready for making another block of ice.
agitator B' is to agitate the water so that all parts of the end of the block or piston
will be moistened.
The
Referring to Figures 5 to 9 inclusive, the tubular shaft C¹ is journalled centrally
in a cylindrical vessel D connected by a series of tubes or necks D' with a pipe D²
connected with a vapor exhaust apparatus. On one end of the tubular shaft C¹ is
mounted a cogwheel d engaging with a pinion d', mounted on the same shaft with
a belt pulley d³, whereby the tubular shaft can be rotated. The cylindrical
vessel D is composed of two semi-cylindrical sections, which are hinged to each
other, the upper end being adapted to be swung over to permit the removal of the
block of ice I.
On the tubular shaft C¹ two hollow pistons E are mounted which fit closely
against the inner surface of the cylindrical vessel D. A series of sliding parti-
tions E¹, E¹, are held transversely at the middle of the cylinder, the partitions
being so arranged that one can slide under the other, the end partitions having

page_text: their outer edges bevelled downward so that the outer edges of the said partitions
will coincide with the horizontal axis of the pistons E. The partitions can be
provided with the springs for pressing them toward the pistons, or they can be
adjusted to rest against the pistons before starting the machine and can have very
close joints so that they will not slide too easily.
The lower part of the cylindrical vessel D is filled with water, the tubular
shaft C is revolved, and the air is exhausted from the upper part of the cylindrical
vessel so that half of each of the pistons E will be exposed to the partial vacuum
and the other half will be in the water contained in the lower part of the cylin-
drical vessel D. As the shaft Crevolves and the pistons E revolve with it, the
moistened surfaces of the pistons E will be exposed to the partial vacuum, and
the water on the pistons E will be congealed, and thereby successive layers of ice
will be formed on both sides of the pistons, that is the thickness of the pistons will
gradually be increased on both sides, the diameter remaining the same.
thickness of the pistons increases the transverse partitions E¹ are gradually pushed
under each other, one partition sliding under the other until the blocks of ice I
extend from the edge of one neck D¹ about to the edge of the other neck.
As the
The partitions E' cover the water and prevent the water under the same from
being vaporized, so that only the water carried above the partitions by the ice and
the ice itself can vaporize, whereby the surface of the ice is cooled to such an
extent that a layer of ice will be formed, and so on. After the blocks or cylinders
of ice have been formed, the upper part of the cylindrical vessel D is swung
upward and the blocks are lifted out of the vessel D with the shaft C' and then
loosened from the shaft by admitting steam into the shaft and into the hollow
pistons.
The apparatus described with reference to Figures 10 to 12 inclusive is con-
structed similarly to the one just described. The tubular shaft C¹ is journalled in
a cylindrical vessel F composed of two semi-cylindrical sections hinged to each
other, the upper one of which is provided with a neck F¹ connected with the pipe
of a vapor exhaust apparatus of some suitable kind. A small hollow piston G is
mounted on the tubular shaft C¹, which shaft is provided with a cogwheel d for
revolving it.
A series of transverse horizontal sliding plates F are held in the cylindrical
vessel F, the said plates being adapted to slide in the direction of the length of the
cylindrical vessel, and the lowest of the said plates having its outer edge bevelled in
such a manner that it will be exactly on the horizontal diameter of the cylindrical
vessel F, the said bevelled edge extending across the middle of the piston G. As
the block of ice I formed around the piston G, increases in thickness it gradually
pushes the plates from each other and toward the ends of the cylindrical vessel.
At the same time that the thickness of the block I increases its diameter also
increases.
Plates Fs are provided to rest against the periphery or circular edge of the block,
which plates F3 are gradually pushed toward the sides of the cylindrical vessel F
as the diameter of the block of ice increases. The plates F³ also slide under cach
other in the same manner as the plates F and as has been described.
The last modification differs from the one described before it inasmuch as that in
the first machine the thickness only of the block increases, whereas in the last
machine the thickness and diameter increase at the same time.
The vapor is exhausted from the upper part of the cylindrical vessel F and
thereby the water on the surface of the piston, or of the block formed on the
piston, will be congealed; the fresh ice surface thus formed is again moistened and
the water is again congealed and so on, the block of ice is thus gradually enlarged.
Referring to Figures 13 and 14 the tubular shaft C¹ is journalled in a cylindrical
vessel H, and is provided at one end with the gear wheel d for revolving it. The
cylindrical vessel H is composed of two semi-cylindrical-sections hinged to each
other, of which the upper section H¹ is provided with a neck H³ connected with
the pipe of a vapor exhaust apparatus. In the under side of the upper section H¹

page_text: of the cylindrical vessel H two wings J, J are pivotted, which extend from one end
of the cylinder to the other and are of such length that they can reach down to,
and come in contact with the surface of the tubular shaft C in such a manner that
their edges will rest on the tubular shaft in the horizontal plane, thus exactly half
of the shaft will be above and half below the free edges of the wings J.
The wings J are pivotted to the under side of the section H₁as near the edges of
the neck Has possible. Springs J' of any suitable construction can be provided
for pressing the free edges of the wings J against the tubular shaft C and the said
springs can either be attached to the wings J in such a manner as to draw them
together or they can be attached to the wings and the upper surface of the semi-
cylindrical section H' and may consist of band or coiled springs. The free edges of
the wings J are pressed against the sides of the tubular shaft C¹ or against the
cylindrical block of ice formed on the said shaft. The vapor is exhausted through
the neck H, and thus the space bounded by one half of the cylindrical surface of
the shaft, or the cylinder of ice formed on the same by the ends of the section H¹
and by wings J, will not contain any air or only rarefied air. Thus the water on
the exposed part of the shaft C¹ or of the cylinder of ice 'formed on the same will
be congealed by the cold produced by evaporation, and as the shaft is being revolved
a freshly moistened surface will be continuously exposed to the partial vacuum and
will be congealed and thereby a spiral layer of ice will be formed on the tubular
shaft C. The surface of the water in the lower part of the cylindrical vessel H
will not be congealed, as the wings J prevent the vapor from being exhausted from
those parts of the section H¹ above the surface of the water. As the diameter of
the cylinder of ice increases the wings J are pressed toward the sides of the
section H¹, but always rest closely against the surface of the cylinder of ice
to prevent the vapor from being exhausted from the surface of the remaining
water. After the block is formed the upper section H¹ can be swung over to one
Eide and the block I of ice can be removed and released from the shaft by
admitting steam into the shaft in the manner previously described. If desired
india rubber or leather packing strips can be placed on the ends of the wings.
Referring to Figures 15 and 16, a cylindrical vessel K is mounted on two sets of
journalled rollers K₁ resting. on a suitable base. The heads K2 and K³ of the
cylindrical vessel K are cach provided with a central aperture K*. The head K³ is
made removable and is held on the end of the cylindrical vessel in any suitable
manner. A trough L having a segmental cross section as shown in Figure 15 and
of the length of the cylindrical vessel K in which it fits, is provided at the top with
a neck L which is covered with a flexible tube or hose L³ connected by a pipe L³
with a water supply tank or pump. The edges of the sides of the trough L are
. provided with beads or with india rubber or leather packing strips.
For operating the machine vapor exhaust pipes are coupled on one end of the
cylinder, so that the vapor can be exhausted by means of any suitable vapor
exhausting apparatus. Water is then admitted through the pipe L³ and the hose L
and the trough L and the cylinder K is revolved by turning the pulleys K' or in
any suitable manner. The water moistens the inner surface of the cylinder K and
as the same revolves the entire inner surface of the cylinder will be moistened; as
the vapor is exhausted from the cylinder the water congeals and a layer of ice is
formed. As the cylinder K revolves continuously the water in the trough L will
continue to moisten the inner surface of the cylinder of ice formed within 'the
cylinder K, and for every revolution of the cylinder K a fresh layer of ice will be
formed on the other layers or on the inner surface of the cylinder of ice, and
thereby the thickness of the wall of the said cylinder of ice will gradually increase
toward the interior until the diameter of the hole remaining is slightly greater than
the greatest height of the trough L so as to permit of withdrawing the said trough
from the central bore of the cylinder of ice I. The air exhaust pipes are dis-
connected, the trough L-is withdrawn, the head K³ is removed, and the block of ice
is taken out of the cylinder and then the above described operation is repeated.

page_text: Referring to Figures 17, 18, and; 19, a vertical cylindrical vessel M. constructed of
brick, stone or other suitable material, so that it will not be apt to collapse, is
provided with a laterally projecting neck. M³, to which a vapor exhaust apparatus
can be coupled and with, two openings M2, M², closed by suitable doors, through
which openings the ice can be removed.
The outer surface of the vessel can be provided with a coating of cement or other
analogous suitable material to prevent the air from leaking through the walls into
the interior of the vessel. In the bottom of the cistern or vessel thus formed is a
socket M³ for receiving the lower end of a vertical shaft, N projecting through the
top of the vessel or receptacle, on which shaft a cogwheel N¹ is journalled in such a
manner that the shaft N can slide through the said cogwheel, but must turn with
the cogwheel. The shaft projects into a tubular casing O formed on the top of a
casing O secured firmly on the top of the cylindrical vessel or receptacle M.
A pinion O² engages with the cogwheel N₁ and is mounted on a shaft O³ provided
with a belt pulley O', so that, by revolving the said shaft, the shaft N will be
revolved. A tube P passes through a stuffing box in the top of the casing O,
passing down through the casing O and through the cogwheel N₁, and extends
down to a ring P¹ surrounding the shaft N at its lower end. One or more inverted
traps P2 are secured on the lower end of the shaft N and extend almost to the
inner surface of the vessel or receptacle M, so that the circle formed by the outer
ends of the said traps will be of less diameter than the interior of the said receptacle
or vessel. The inverted troughs or boxes P2 are connected at their inner ends with
the ring. Pl, so that if water is conducted through the tube P it will enter the.
ring P₁ and will be conducted into the several troughs P. When the operation
begins, the bottom edges of the troughs or boxes P2 rest on the bottom of the
receptacle or vessel M, and if water is conducted into the boxes and the boxes are
revolved by the shaft N the floor of the receptacle will be moistened.
The air is exhausted from the vessel and the water on, the bottom of the vessel M
congeals and forms a thin layer of ice. As the boxes continue to rotate water is
brought in contact with the cold surface of the ice already formed, which water
congeals to it and forms a fresh layer of ice and so on. The block of ice gradually
thickens, and thereby the boxes are moved upward; and the shaft N and the
tube P connected with the boxes are also moved upward and slide into the
casing O, the tube P sliding through the stuffing box at the top of the casing O.
This is continued until the block of ice I extends to the neck M', then the side
openings M2 are opened and the block of ice is broken by means of suitable
implements inserted through the said openings and the ice is removed through the
openings.
In all the modifications described the water was distributed on the block of ice
or on the plate, disc, cylinder or the like on which the ice was to be formed by a
rotary movement, but the water can also be distributed by reciprocating machinery
as shown in Figures 20 and 21 which represent a strong cylindrical, square, or
other suitable casing Q, which has one fixed end Q' and a removable end Q
Adjoining the fixed end Q' there is a transverse partition R¹, and adjoining the
removable end Q there is a removable transverse partition R³. The bottom of the
vessel is provided with tracks or rails Q3 extending from one end to the other on
which tracks or rails the wheels of a platform R run, the ends of which platform fit
into grooves in the lower parts of the partitions R¹, R².
A series of inverted transverse troughs S are connected by tubes S¹, and one of
the troughs Sis provided with an upwardly projecting neck S which is connected
by a flexible tube or hose S³ with a water supply pipe SA connecting rod S³
connects one of the troughs S with a crank arm m at the lower end of a vertical
shaft n, on which a cogwheel o is keyed in such a manner that the shaft n revolves
with the cogwheel o but can slide through the same into a tubular casing p held in
a casing secured on the top of the vessel Q and surrounding the cogwheel o and
a pinion q. The said pinion engages with the cogwheel o mounted on a shaft r
provided with a belt pulley A. The lower end of the shaft n is held in a cross

page_text: "
piece m¹ the ends of which slide in groovest in the partitions R³ fitting closely
against the side edges of the platform R, the said crosspiece being adapted to slide
upward with the shaft n. The vessel Q is provided with a neck Q to which a
pipe can be coupled for connecting the compartment or vessel with a vapor
exhausting apparatus.
When the machine is started the troughs S rest on the platform R and the
water, which is admitted to the troughs, moistens the upper surface of the
platform as soon as the troughs are reciprocated over the platform by the shaft n.
As the vapor is exhausted from the compartment or vessel Q the water distributed
on the platform R will be congealed and a layer of ice formed. As, water is being
spread continuously on the surface of the ice formed and the said water congeals,
layers of ice will be formed continually and the block of ice will increase in
thickness moving the troughs S upward with it and also carrying the shaft n
upward. When the block of ice is completed, the end Q2 and the partition R³ are
removed and the platform R is drawn out of the receptacle or vessel Q, the ice is
removed from the same and the above described operation is repeated.
·
All the different forms and constructions of my improved ice making machine work
on the same principle. The ice is formed by cooling a surface of ice a few degrees
below the freezing point by vaporizing part of the ice, then submerging this surface
and thereby causing a quantity of water to congeal to the surface, whereby a layer
of ice from 1/4 to 1/8 of an inch thick is formed and so on. The temperature of
the water is but slightly above the freezing point, so that when ice having a
temperature of 20° F. is brought in contact with water having a temperature
of 32° the heat passes from the water to the ice and as the water is thus cooled
very rapidly it congeals on the surface of the ice and thus increases the thickness
of the same.
The latent heat evolved by the freezing is absorbed by the large block
of ice.
Naturally the ice can be formed by forcing cold air into the freezing device in
place of producing the cold by vaporization.
Any suitable pump, blower or vapor exhaust device can be used for exhausting
the vapor in the freezing chamber for the purpose of producing the cold required
for congealing the water, but I prefer to use bellows of an especial construction
which I have shown in figures 22, 23 and 24. A series of double bellows Tare
held between transverse partitions T¹ of a frame V, the bellows compartments being
separated by valve compartments T' each connected with the bellows and with a
pipe T connected with an outlet pipe T. The frame V is surrounded by a shell V¹
of masonry or of metal, which shell if made of masonry must be cemented so as to
prevent the leakage of air. The shell or casing V₁ is provided with a neck V2 to
which the exhaust pipe of the ice making machine is coupled. The inner or
adjoining ends of each pair of bellows T are secured to a transverse platform W
which several platforms W are secured to a piston rod W¹ passing through stuffing
boxes in the top of the casing V₁ and in the top and bottom of the frame V. If
the rod W is moved upward, the bottom bellows, that is the bellows attached to
the lower side of the plates W will be opened and the vapor entering through the
neck V2, will be drawn into the bellows; at the same time the upper.bellows are
compressed or closed and the vapor in them is forced out through the chambers T',
the pipe T3, and the pipe T'. When the rod W₁ is moved downward the upper
bellows are opened and the vapor entering through the neck V' is drawn into them
and the lower bellows are compressed and the vapor in them is forced out through
the pipes T and T. The bellows exhaust and eject vapor continuously and a
large quantity of vapor can be exhausted by means of the improved device.
Although I prefer to use the above described exhauster in connection with the
machines described above, I do not wish to limit myself to this special machine.
In Figure 25, I have shown the general arrangement of the improved ice
machine with means for condensing the vapor pumped froin the freezing chamber
by the pump or bellows. The pump X which may be a piston pump, bellows, or
blower of any other kind is connected by the pipe X with a serpentine pipe X³,.

page_text: which is connected with the neck B' of the chamber B so that all the vapor must
pass. through the said serpentine pipe into the pump, and from the pump it then
passes through a pipe X³ into a condenser Y into which a perforated water pipe Y¹
projects. Water is forced through the said pipé Y¹ and spray drops from the top
of the vessel Y to the bottom and condenses the vapor. The water flowing from
the vessel Y is pumped off by a pump Y².
The serpentine pipe X is provided at each curve with a transverse pocket or
trough U, each of which is provided with a horizontal slot U in the top. In each
pocket U a series of water circulating pipes U2 are arranged; each set of pipes U²
being connected with a pipe U³ which in turn is connected with a water supply
pipe U, which also conducts the water into the pipe Y¹. The uppermost pocket U
is connected by a pipe w with a pump w¹ for pumping sulphuric acid through the
pipe winto the uppermost pocket U, until the uppermost pocket is filled with
sulphuric acid. The acid then flows over the lower edge of the slot U¹ of the
uppermost pocket and drops on the curved part of the serpentine pipe below, and
flows into the second pocket U, and when the same is filled the sulphuric acid
flows into the third and then into the fourth pocket and when it arrives at the
bottom of the serpentine pipe it flows into the pipe v. As the sulphuric acid drops
through the space in the serpentine pipe it- absorbs aqueous vapor and thereby
becomes gradually weakened or diluted and the acid that flows into the pipe vis
quite dilute.
As the acid absorbs very great quantities of aqueous vapor the
quantity of vapor to be exhausted by the pump X will be materially reduced and
the cost of operating the ice machine will be reduced accordingly.
In order to prevent the sulphuric acid from flowing along the curved surface of
the serpentine pipe as it is apt to do, I have provided a transverse ledge, apron, or
tongue a short distance below the lower edge of each slot U which ledge, apron,
or tongue causes the sulphuric acid to drop vertically so that it can absorb the
vapor. The sulphuric acid which is heated by taking up the vapor, is cooled by
the water circulating in the pipes U2; but when it flows into the pipe v it is still
quite warm. The warm diluted sulphuric acid passes from the pipe v through the
pipe and the pipe ² to the upper part of a boiler Z containing flues Z', and the
diluted sulphuric acid is then heated and the water is evaporated and passes as
vapor through the pipe X which also leads to the condenser Y and is therein
condensed with the vapors from the pump X. The sulphuric acid is gradually
condensed in the boiler Z and the condensed acid flows through the pipes Z to the
pump wand is again pumped into the pockets U in the manner described.
As stated above it is a matter of very great importance to reduce the quantity
of vapor to be exhausted by the pump as much as possible and I prefer to use the
means just described, but any suitable means can be used for condensing the vapors
so that the quantity to be exhausted by the pump will be decreased.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. An ice machine constructed substantially as herein shown and described,
with means for alternately moistening surfaces and exposing them to atmospheric
influences, which cause the water spread on the said surfaces to congeal, as set
forth.
Second. An ice machine constructed with means for alternately moistening
surfaces and subjecting them to atmospheric influences, and with means for
protecting the supply of water from being vaporized, substantially as herein shown
and described.
Third. An ice machine constructed with means for alternately moistening surfaces
and then subjecting the moistened surfaces to atmospheric influences, with devices.
for preventing the supply of water for moistening the surfaces from congealing,
and with means for automatically adjusting the size of the said protective means
according as the block of ice increases in size, substantially as herein shown and.
described.

page_text: Fourth. The herein described method of producing ice, consisting in periodically
cooling a surface a few degrees below the freezing point and then submerging it,
thereby causing the water to congeal on the said surface and thereby form a layer.
of ice, as set forth.
Fifth. An ice machine constructed with means for alternately immersing a surface
in water and subjecting it to atmospheric influences, and with sliding partitions for
preventing the water in which the surface is immersed from vaporizing, substantially
as herein shown and described.
Sixth. An ice machine constructed with a cylindrical vessel containing a piston
or disc mounted on a suitable shaft, and with means for alternately moistening the
surface. of the said disc or piston or the surface of the ice formed thereon and sub-
jecting the moistened surface of the disc or the surface of the ice formed thereon to
- atmospheric influences, substantially as herein shown and described.
Seventh. In an ice machine, the combination with a cylindrical vessel open at
one end and containing a sliding piston mounted on a revolving shaft, of a
vessel fitting against the end of the said cylindrical vessel and provided with a
transverse partition dividing it into a bottom water compartment and an upper
compartment connected with a vapor exhausting apparatus or a device for fur-
nishing cold, fluid, substantially as herein shown and described.
Eighth. In an ice machine, the combination with a cylindrical vessel open at one
end and containing a sliding piston mounted on a revolving shaft, of a vessel fitting
against the end of the said cylindrical vessel and provided with a transverse
partition dividing it into a lower water compartment and an upper compartment
connected with a vapor exhausting apparatus, or a device for furnishing a cold
fluid, the middle of the outer edge of the said partition being on the longitudinal
axis of the two cylindrical vessels and forming a bearing for the shaft on which
the disc is mounted, substantially as herein shown and described.
Ninth. In an ice machine, the combination with a cylindrical vessel secured on a
frame pivotted on a car, of an additional cylindrical vessel against which, the open
end of the cylindrical vessel on the car fits, and of means for subjecting water to
atmospheric influences for producing a block of ice within the cylindrical vessel,
substantially as herein shown and described.
Tenth. In an ice machine, the combination with the cylindrical vessel B provided
with a transverse partition B6, of the cylindrical vessel A, having a greater diameter
than the vessel B, which cylindrical vessel A is mounted on a frame pivotted on a
car; a disc. or piston contained in the cylindrical vessel A; and means for revolving
it, substantially as herein shown and described.
Eleventh. In an ice machine, the combination with the cylindrical vessel B, of
the cylindrical vessel A of greater diameter than the vessel B; a car on which
the vessel A is pivotted; a piston in the vessel A, which piston has the same
diameter as the interior of the vessel B; and a tubular shaft on which the piston is
mounted, substantially as herein shown and described.
Twelfth. In an ice machine, the combination with the vessel B, of the vessel A,
the piston C, the tubular shaft C³, means for revolving the said shaft, and the
transverse partition B6 in which the shaft C is journalled, substantially as herein
shown and described.
Thirteenth. In an ice machine, the combination with the cylindrical vessels B, A,
of the shaft C, the disc or piston C, the transverse partition B6 in which the
shaft C¹ is journalled, the bevel cogwheel C³, and the pinion c, substantially as
herein shown and described.
Fourteenth. In an ice machine, the combination with the cylindrical vessels B, A,
of the shaft C¹ having its upper end screw-threaded, the disc or piston C mounted
on the shaft C, the cylindrical casing C provided with an internal screw thread
for receiving the screw on the shaft C, and means for revolving the shaft C',
substantially as herein shown and described.
Fifteenth. In an ice machine, the combination with the vessels B, A, of the
partition B, the tubular shaft C, the bollow piston C, the internally screw threaded

page_text: casing C, the rod C7 for closing the upper end of the tubular shaft, and means for
revolving the tubular shaft, substantially as herein shown and described.
Sixteenth. In an ice machine, the combination with the cylindrical vessels B, A,
of the tubular shaft C', the disc or piston C, the transverse partition B6, the tubular
pocket B for receiving the outer end of the tubular shaft, and means for revolving
the said shaft, substantially as herein shown and described.
Seventeenth. In an ice machine, the combination with the cylindrical vessels B, A,
of the partition B6, the tubular shaft C, the disc or piston C, means for revolving.
the shaft, the float B, the float casing B³, the inlet tube B, and the valve B³
connected with the float, substantially as herein shown and described.
Eighteenth. In an ice machine, the combination with the cylindrical vessels B, A,
of the transverse partition B, the shaft C¹; the revolving disc or piston C, means
for revolving the shaft C, and the agitator B' contained in the compartment below
the partition B, substantially as herein shown and described.
Nineteenth. In an ice machine, the combination with a vessel provided with a
transverse partition dividing it into two compartments of which the lower one is to
contain water and the upper one is adapted to be connected with an apparatus for
exhausting vapor or an apparatus adapted to furnish a cold fluid, of a removable
vessel fitting against the vessel provided with a partition, which removable vessel
is provided with a revolving piston or disc adapted to be removed in the direction
of the length of the vessel, whereby a block of ice can be formed on the said disc or
piston by revolving it, and whereby the piston or the end surface of the block of
ice formed on the same will be alternately immersed in the water in the lower
compartment of the vessel provided with the partition, and then will be subjected
to atmospheric influences in the upper compartment above the partition, sub-
stantially as herein shown and described.
Twentieth. The herein described method of forming blocks of ice, consisting in
alternately moistening the surface of the ice, or the surface on which the ice is to
bo formed, and then subjecting the said moistened surface to atmospheric influences,
whereby the water spread on the surface by moistening it will be congealed and a
layer of ice formed, substantially as herein shown and described.
Twentyfirst. The combination with an ice machine constructed with means for
moistening a surface and then exposing it to rarefied air, of compound bellows for
exhausting the vapor from the freezing chamber, or chamber in which the
moistened surface is exposed to the rarefied air, substantially as herein shown and
described.
Twentysecond. The combination with an ice machine, of a pump, blower or
bellows for exhausting the vapor, and a serpentine pipe provided with pockets for
containing sulphuric acid, which pockets are so arranged that the sulphuric acid
can drop from one pocket to another, substantially as herein shown and described.
Twentythird. The combination with an ice machine, of a pump, blower or
bellows for exhausting vapor, a serpentine pipe provided with pockets for receiving
sulphuric acid, which pockets are so arranged that the sulphuric acid can flow from
one to another, and pipes for circulating cooling water in the pockets containing
the acid, substantially as herein shown and described.
Twentyfourth. The combination with an ice machine, of a pump, blower or
bellows for exhausting vapor, a serpentine pipe provided with pockets for receiving
sulphuric acid, and a pump for pumping the sulphuric acid to the uppermost
pocket, substantially as herein shewn and described.
Twentyfifth. The combination with an ice, machine, of a pump, blower or
bellows for exhausting vapor, a pipe provided with pockets for receiving sulphuric
acid, which pockets have slots at the top, and a ledge, apron or tongue below each
pocket, substantially as herein shown and described.
Twentysixth. The combination with an ice machine, of a pump, blower or
bellows for exhausting vapor, and the pipe X' provided with pockets U arranged
above each other, substantially as herein shown and described.

page_text: Twentyseventh. The combination with an ice machine, of a pump, blower or
bellows for exhausting vapor, the pipe X provided with pockets U arranged above
each other, the pipe w for conveying sulphuric acid to the uppermost pocket, and
an outlet pipe v through which the sulphuric acid flows off after arriving at the
bottom of the pipe X2, substantially as herein shown and described.
Twentyeighth. The combination with an ice machine, of a pump, blower or
bellows for, exhausting vapor, the pipe X provided with pockets Ū arranged above
each other, the pipe w, the pipe v; the pipes and extending from the boiler,
for concentrating the dilute sulphuric acid, to the pipe v, and the pump at the
lower end of the pipe w.substantially as herein shown and described.
h: oil
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.