IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FREEZING, COOLING, AND CHURNING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Masters, of Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Confectioner, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FREEZING, COOLING, AND CHURNING."
Sealed the 18th October 1853, and dated the 4th May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Masters
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th May 1853.
I, THOMAS MASTERS, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FREEZING, COOLING, AND CHURNING," to
be as follows:-
I use a pail or other suitable nonconducting vessel for containing
the interior parts of my apparatus. Inside this I place a hollow
vessel for containing water or other liquid to be cooled or frozen, and
provide it with a tap passing through the exterior vessel, by means of
which the cooled liquid may be drawn off. In some cases, however,

page_text: where liquids are not required to be cooled or frozen, I dispense with
this second vessel. Inside the second vessel, when employed, or when
this second vessel is not made use of, then inside the outer vessel, is
placed the rough ice or freezing mixture, in which I place a vessel of
The
the peculiar shape shewn in the Drawing hereunto annexed.
mixture to be iced is placed in the interior of this freezing vessel; and
it will be seen that the freezing mixture is brought in contact not
only with the sides, but also with the centre of the vessel; and thus
the mixture placed therein becomes frozen in much shorter time than
in the iceing pails now ordinarily employed. A spindle runs through
the centre of the freezing vessel, and is provided at bottom with an
agitator for stirring the rough icc or freezing mixture. In some cases
the spindle is not carried through the vessel, but the vessel itself is
made to revolve. The spindle is provided with a forked spatula for
agitating the cream or composition to be iced. When the freezing
vessel is removed from the pail, the pail or outer vessels forms a wine
cooler.
When employed as a churn, instead of rough ice or a freezing mix-
ture being placed in the outer vessel, 1 place there warm water, and
place the cream to be churned in the vessel shewn in the Drawing
annexed.
I do not claim any means of causing the interior vessel or the spatula
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Masters in the Great Seal Patent 2
Office, on the 4th November 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
THOMAS MASTERS, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Con-
fectioner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 8
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-

page_text: teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Masters, Her special licence
that I, the said Thomas Masters, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Masters, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR FREEZING, COOLING, AND CHURNING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Masters, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be perforined, and cause the sanie to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that T, the said Thomas Masters, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:
My Invention consists in so constructing the inner vessel for holding
the materials to be frozen, cooled, or churned, in such a manner as to
expose a large amount of surface to the freezing mixture or to the
liquid employed to facilitate the churning.
Figure 1, of the Drawings annexed is a vertical section of a freezing
machine. A, A, is an exterior pail, or other suitable non-conducting
vessel,. for containing the interior parts of my apparatus. This vessel
may be made of china, porcelain, or earthenware, in which case it
need be of such a thickness that the non-conducting substance can be
dispensed with. Inside this vessel I place a second and hollow vessel B,
for containing water or other liquid to be cooled or frozen, and provide
a tap C, passing through the exterior vessel, by means of which the
freezing mixture may be drawn off. In some cases, however, where
liquids are not required to be cooled or frozen, I dispense with the

page_text: second vessel. Inside the second vessel when employed, or when the
second vessel is not made use of, then inside the outer vessel, is placed
the rough ice or freezing mixture, in which I place a vessel D, provided
with an inner conical tube E. The mixture to be iced is placed in the
interior of this freezing vessel D; and it will be seen that the freezing
mixture is brought in contact not only with the sides, but also with the
centre or conical tube, whereby a large amount of surface is exposed
thereto, whereby the cream or other matter placed in the vessel D,
becomes frozen in much shorter time than in the icing pails now
ordinarily used. F, is a spindle, which passes through the centre of
the freezing vessel, and is provided with an agitator G, for churning or
stirring the rough ice or freezing mixture. The spindle F, is provided
with a forked spatula E, for agitating the cream or composition to be
iced., is a cover to the apparatus, through the centre of which the
spindle is passed, which has fitted to it a crank handle K, or other
suitable means, for communicating rotary motion to the spatula H, and
agitator G. When the freezing vessel is removed from the pail, the
pail or outer vessel forms a wine cooler. Figure 2, represents a vertical
section of a freezing apparatus, similar to the one just herein-before
described; but in this apparatus the freezing vessel D, is so shaped as
to form a mould for imparting an ornamental shape to the cream or
other composition to be iced. The handle K, instead of being placed
upon the end of the spindle, is attached to one side of the cover of the
freezing vessel. Figure 3, is a further modification of my freezing
apparatus, in which the spatula H, remains stationary, the requisite
rotary motion being imparted to the freezing vessel D, by means of the
handle K. The agitator G, for churning or stirring the rough ice or
freezing mixture, may also be formed with teeth upon its edge, similar
to a spur wheel; so that in some cases, where it may be desirable to use
several of the freezing apparatuses, they may be so arranged that the
agitators may gear into one another, whereby the requisite rotary mo-
tion will be imparted to the whole through the motion given to that
which has the handle or handles attached to it. Figure 4, represents
this freezing apparatus combined with a wine cooler; the centre
conical tube is also only carried partially up in the interior of the

page_text: freezing vessel D. When these apparatuses are employed as a churn,
instead of rough ice or a freezing mixture being placed in the outer
vessel, place there warm water, and place the cream to be churned in
the vessel D.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim
is, the several arrangements and construction of the inner vessels D), of
freezing, cooling, and churning machines, whereby a larger amount of
surface is exposed to the action of the freezing mixture or other fluids
or compounds for performing either of the operations of freezing, cool-
ing, and churning, as herein-before described and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Masters, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, Ono
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
THOS MASTERS. (L.S.)