IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, AND VENTILATINO PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder, of No. 3, Flora
"
Terrace, Albion Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex, for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, AND
VENTILATINO PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Anton Gottlieb
Schönheyder at the Office of the Comissioners of Patents on the 15th
February 1881.
WILLIAM ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHÖNHEYDER, of No. 3, Flora Terrace, Albion
Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOVES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, AND VENTILATING PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to an improved construction of stoves for the warming of
dwelling rooms, bedrooms, halls, hospitals, conservatories, railway carriages, or
other enclosed spaces, and which at the same time are so arranged as to effect a
continuous change or circulation of air without the production of draughts; such
stoves are also constructed so that they supply the necessary light for illuminating
purposes when required, and they may furthermore be made to furnish a supply of
hot water. The means for effecting these various requisites are all combined in a
simple manner in one apparatus, which can be adapted to fufil each of the said
functions independently of the other.
The medium for supplying the heat may be any of the well known hydrocarbon
or mineral oils, or any kind of gas or other heat and light giving substance, either
gaseous or solid, and the mode of effecting the combustion of any of these may be
that which has already been found most convenient for obtaining a maximum of heat,
or light, or both. The supply of fresh air is led from the outside of the building
through any conveniently arranged pipe or pipes, laid either between ceiling and
floor or otherwise, and is by preference strained of a large portion of its solid
impurities, such as dust or smoke, by passing it through suitable strainers of
muslin, canvas, or other material, or through water, and is brought into the base of
the stove, which is furnished firstly with a butterfly or other kind of reversing

page_text: valve, and secondly with a sliding or other description of valve, as well as with
several necessary openings and partitions. The first named valve, being so arranged
in combination with these that when it is in one position the incoming fresh air is
directed upwards through the body part of the stove, is passed over the surface of
the heater, out through openings in the top of the casing and into the upper part
of the room, whereas the coolest air is drawn away from the lower part of the
room through openings in the base, and is discharged through a suitable pipe into
the chimney or other convenient flue. This course of the air is that which I prefer
for winter ventilation, as draughts are thereby entirely prevented and economy in
heating ensured by always removing the coldest air. When the position of the
first named valve is changed, then the cold fresh air is admitted direct to the lower
part of the room and the warmed air is withdrawn from the upper part of the
room, it being made to pass downwards over the surface of the heater through the
body part of the stove, through the base and into the chimney, thus carrying away
with it the greater part of the heat generated and keeping the room comparatively
cool; or, when it is found difficult (for want of power) to cause the heated air to
descend through the stove, then I withdraw this heated air through a separate
valve near the ceiling and opening into the chimney or flue. This arrangement is
that which I prefer for summer ventilation. The second valve in the base is so
arranged that by shifting it from the position it occupied when the stove is
operating according to either of the two previously described modes the entry of
fresh air from outside and the exit of the foul air from the room are both cut off,
and at the same time a free communication is established between the lower part
of the room and the body part of the stove, the effect of this arrangement being to
cause the air in the room to circulate through the stove so as to continually heat
the air, but without changing it. This mode of using the stove I prefer in very
severe weather, or when a room is not occupied, but still requires to be kept warm,
the economy of the arrangement being obvious.
The heating medium, gas, oil, or other substance, I burn surrounded by a
cylinder or other form of glass, talc, or any suitable transparent or coloured
enclosure, and I arrange this at any suitable height from the floor, but by preference
at such a height that the light produced by the combustion may be utilised to the
best advantage, and further I place it in a specially formed casting or otherwise
manufactured part so arranged that while it obstructs the light as little as possible
it forms a channel for the air (fresh or foul), as also another channel for carrying
away the hot products of combustion. This part of the stove, which is placed
over the body part, I prefer to make of a couple of hollow truncated cones with
their small diameters turned towards each other and connected at the side or
sides at a suitable distance by means of a tubular passage, as above referred to,
which gives communication between the lower portion or body part of the stove
and the upper part in which the heater is placed, Truncated prisms may of course
also be employed instead of cones, or other convenient forms which possess the
same advantages. The heater I make in the form of a closed cylinder with the
bottom upwards (or hat shaped), and furnished with a small internal pipe, and I
arrange beneath it a valve so constructed with two sets of openings that the
products of combustion may either be led into the said heater before passing up
through the small central pipe or may be passed direct into the central pipe, and
then to waste into the same chimney or flue into which the vitiated air is passed.
For the purpose of economising space I sometimes furnish the heater with a number
of ribs or corrugations inside and outside for taking up and giving out the heat in
the manner practised with different kinds of heating apparatus. As warmed air
requires to be moistened in order to make it suitable and pleasant for the occupiers
of the room in which the stove is placed, I form the upper part of the heater into a
trough, into which water can be poured from time to time, or it may be laid on
from any cistern, or otherwise supplied continuously. It will be evident from the
above discription that the air coming from outside can be first warmed by
passing over the surface of the heater, then moistened by mixing with the vapours

page_text: escaping from the water on the top of the heater, as just described, and discharged
into the room, where it gives up part of its heat to the walls, inhabitants, and
other objects, and when cooled is withdrawn and wasted. In winter, or whenever
heat is required either for warming the room or warming water, the valve under
the heater is placed so as to admit all. of the hot products of combustion into the
heater before going to waste, but for use in summer, or when light is required, but
not heat, then the position of the said valve is changed so as to send nearly all the
heat evolved to waste into the chimney.
By arranging the vessel or trough-form of the upper part of the heater with
suitable notches or openings, and by providing properly arranged channels leading
from the lower part of the heater, the stove may be made to furnish a continuous
stream of hot water by supplying sufficient cold water to the top of the heater, so
as in overflowing the edge by the notches to trickle down over the outside heated
surface thereof, and then to flow away at the lower part of the heater by the above
described channels, and be collected in a receptacle at any desired temperature
within the limits of the apparatus, the said hot water being useful for a variety of
purposes.
The heater may be made of any suitable material for avoiding deterioration,
such as, for instance, copper, or if made of cast iron it may be either galvanised,
nickle plated, enamelled, or provided with a black oxide coating by the "Barff"
process, so as not to give an objectionable colour to the water or render it impure;
or any kind of earthenware may be employed, and the shape may be varied from
that described above.
In order to protect the eyes from the strong light of the flame in the day time,
or to partly protect them at night, and for shading at night, I employ the usual
kind of screens of opal or red glass, red or green silks, or other suitable material,
according to the desire of the occupants.
It is obvious that the body part and other portions of the stove may be made of
various forms and of different kinds of material, so as to make it ornamental, and
when the light-giving power is not desired for the general illumination of a room,
then the burner and heater may be placed low down, and the body part made very
short so as to act more in the manner of the usual form of gas or other stove, but
with all the advantages inherent to the present Invention above referred to.
In order to prevent an accumulation of a mixture of gas and air in the heater,
and the accidental ignition of the same, whereby a dangerous explosion might
arise, I cause small holes to be made, effecting a communication between the space
in the heater and the before mentioned small flue pipe, so that any accumulation
of gas and air may gradually disperse. I further arrange the burner (whether for
gas, oil, or any other fuel), so that the surrounding chimney cannot be removed
without first sliding or swinging the burner out from underneath the opening by
which the hot products of combustion are received, and I make the base or stand of
a tightly enclosed form, so that a light cannot be applied to kindle the said gas or
fluid without first removing the burner as above stated. When gas is the heating.
medium, I also sometimes connect the tap on the gas pipe with an automatic cam
ever and incline, so arranged, that when the gas has been extinguished it cannot
pe again turned on without first drawing forward the burner, and it can even then
not be turned on full until the burner has been pushed back into its place. For
his purpose, according to one arrangement, the moveable air supply pipe to the
ourner carries a lever, one end of which is provided with grooves or notches
mbracing a cam piece on a projecting part of the gas tap. The notches in the
ever are so formed that when the tap is turned so as to cut off the gas supply, the
am is locked in one of the notches, and the tap is consequently prevented from
cing opened, until by drawing out the burner with the gas and air pipe as above
escribed, the tail of the lever is brought against a stationary projection, whereby
is tilted so as to free the cam out of its notch, and allow it to be turned in a
econd notch or groove a certain distance, sufficient to slightly open the gas supply
or igniting the burner. On pushing back the burner and pipes, the lever in being

page_text: freed from the projection, falls back into its original position so as to entirely free
the cam, and allow the tap to be turned on full.
As already mentioned, I do not confine myself to any particular method of
consuming the fuel, and when for instance coal gas is burnt, it may be sometimes
consumed so as to give out a strong light, and may at other times be burnt as in a
Bunsen burner when light is not required.
For gathering the water of condensation, which results.from the cooling of the
hot moist products of combustion, I provide a suitable hole or holes in the flue pipe
and trays or other receptacles for catching the water.
"
As it is very desirable to cause the temperature at the upper part of the room to
vary as little as possible from that at the lower part, I, in some cases, provide
punkabs" or apparatus for distributing the air, and which may be either in the
shape of fans, screw-vanes, or otherwise, and may be driven by springs, weights,
water, or in any other convenient manner, but which are by preference so arranged
that they cause a strong upward current to be given to the air in the neighbourhood
of the stove, whereby a good circulation of the whole of the air in the room is
generally ensured. Or the forced current of air is sometimes caused to impinge
against the heater, whereby it is made more efficient. The said "punkah" may be
combined in one with the stove, so as to form a complete, and, if desired, ornamental
addition to the room. I do not however claim such punkah or air distributors as
part of my present Invention.
For use in very cold situations, or where more heat is required than light, I form
the stove into two or more tiers or divisions in the height, each being supplied with
a burner or burners, heater, and other necessary appliances, as already described in
the first part of this Specification, and by this arrangement I obtain a more equable
distribution of heat in the room, with less necessity for the use of a "punkah." Or
the apparatus may be duplicated side by side for this purpose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th August 1881.
WILLIAM ANTON GOTTLIEB SCHÖNHEYDER, of No. 3, Flora Terrace, Albion
Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOVES FOR HEATING, LIGHTING, AND VENTILATING PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to an improved construction of stoves for the warming of
dwelling rooms, bedrooms, halls, hospitals, conservatories, railway carriages, or other
enclosed spaces, and which are at the same time so arranged as to effect a continuous
change or circulation of air without the production of draughts. Such stoves are
also constructed so that they supply the necessary light for illuminating purpurposes
when required, and they may furthermore be made to furnish a supply of hot
water. The means for effecting these various requisites are all combined in a
simple manner in one apparatus, which can be adapted to fufil each of the said
functions independently of the others.
The medium for supplying the heat may be any of the well known hydrocarbon
or mineral oils, or any kind of gas or other heat and light giving substance, either
gaseous or solid, and the mode of effecting the combustion of any of these may be
that which has already been found most convenient for obtaining a maximum of
of heat or light, or both. The supply of fresh air is led from the outside of the
building through any conveniently arranged pipe or pipes laid either between.
ceiling and floor, or otherwise, and is by preference strained of a large portion of
its solid impurities, such as dust or smoke, by passing it through suitable strainers
of muslin, canvas, or other material, or through water, and is brought into the base
of the stove, which is furnished, firstly, with a butterfly or other kind of reversing
valve; and, secondly, with a sliding or other description of valve, as well as with
several necessary openings and partitions, the first named valve being so arranged
in combination with these that when it is in one position the incoming fresh air is
directed upwards through the body part of the stove, is passed over the surface of
the heater, out through openings in the top of the casing, and into the upper part
of the room, whereas the coolest air is drawn away from the lower part of the room
through openings in the base, and is discharged through a suitable pipe into the
chimney or other convenient flue. This course of the air is that which I prefer
for winter ventilation, as draughts are thereby entirely prevented, and economy in
heating insured by always removing the coldest air. When the position of the
first named valve is changed, then the cold fresh air is admitted direct to the lower
part of the room, and the warmed air is withdrawn from the upper part of the
room, it being made to pass downwards over the surface of the heater, through the
body part of the stove, through the base and into the chimney, thus carrying away
with it the greater part of the heat generated, and keeping the room comparatively
cool. Or when it is found difficult (for want of power) to cause the heated air to
descend through the stove, then I withdraw this heated air through a separate
valve near the ceiling and opening into the chimney or flue. This arrangement is
that which I prefer for summer ventilation. The second valve in the base is so
arranged that by shifting it from the position it occupied when the stove is
operating according to either of the two previously described modes, the entry of
fresh air from outside, and the exit of the foul air from the room, are both cut off,
and at the same time a free communication is established between the lower part
of the room and the body part of the stove, the effect of this arrangement being
to cause the air in the room to circulate through the stove so as to continually heat

page_text: the air, but without changing it. This mode of using the stove I prefer in very
severe weather, or when a room is not occupied, but still requires to be kept warm,
the economy of the arrangement being obvious.
The heating medium, gas, oil, or other substance, I burn surrounded by a
cylinder or other form of glass, tale, or any suitable transparent or coloured
enclosure, and I arrange this at any suitable height from the floor, but by preference
at such a height that the light produced by the combustion may be utilised to the
best advantage; and further, I place it in a specially formed casting or otherwise
manufactured part, so arranged that while it obstructs the light as little as possible
it forms a channel for the air (fresh or foul), as also another channel for carrying
away the hot products of combustion. This part of the stove, which is placed over
the body part, I prefer to make of a couple of hollow truncated cones with their
small diameters turned towards each other, and connected at the side or sides at a
suitable distance by means of a tubular passage, as above referred to, which gives
communication between the lower portion or body part of the stove and the upper
part in which the heater is placed. Truncated prisms may of course also be
employed instead of cones or other convenient forms which possess the same
advantages. The heater I make in the form of a closed cylinder with the bottom
upwards (or hatshaped), and furnished with a small internal pipe, and I arrange
beneath it a valve so constructed with two sets of openings that the products of
combustion may either be led into the said. heater before passing up through the
small central pipe, or may be passed direct into the central pipe and then to waste
into the same chimney or flue into which the vitiated air is passed. For the
purpose of economising space I sometimes furnish the heater with a number of ribs
or corrugations inside and outside, for taking up and giving out the heat in the
manner practised with different kinds of heating apparatus. As warmed air
requires to be moistened in order to make it suitable and pleasant for the occupiers
of the room in which the stove is placed, I form the upper part of the heater into
a trough into which water can be poured from time to time, or it may be laid on
from any cistern or otherwise supplied continuously. It will be evident from the
above description that the air coming from outside can be first warmed by passing
over the surface of the heater, then moistened by mixing with the vapours escaping
from the water on the top of the heater, as just described, and discharged into the
room, where it gives up part of its heat to the walls, inhabitants, and other objects,
and when cooled is withdrawn and wasted. In winter, or whenever heat is
required either for warming the room or warming water, the valve under the heater
is placed so as to admit all of the hot products of combustion into the heater before
going to waste; but for use in summer, or when light is required but not heat, then
the position of the said valve is changed so as to send nearly all the heat evolved
to waste into the chimney.
•
By arranging the vessel or trough-form of the upper part of the heater with
suitable notches or openings, and by providing properly arranged channels leading
from the lower part of the heater, the stove may be made to furnish a continuous
stream of hot water by supplying sufficient cold water to the top of the heater, so
as in overflowing the edge by the notches to trickle down over the outside heating
surface thereof, and then to flow away at the lower part of the heater by the above
described channels and be collected in a receptacle at any desired temperature
within the limits of the apparatus, the said hot water being useful for a variety of
purposes.
The heater may be made of any suitable material for avoiding deterioration
such as for instance, copper, or if made of cast iron it may be either galvanised
Bickel plated, enamelled, or provided with a black oxide coating by the "Barff
process so as not to give an objectionable colour to the water or render it impure
or any kind of earthenware may be employed and the shape may be varied from
that described above.
In order to protect the eyes from the strong light of the flame in the daytime,. o
to partly protect them at night and for shading at night, I employ the usual kind

page_text: of screens of opal or red glass, red or green silks, or other suitable material,
according to the desire of the occupants.
It is obvious that the body part and other portions of the stove may be made of
various forms and of different kinds of materials so as to make it ornamental, and
when the light giving power is not desired for the general illumination of a room
then the burner and heater may be placed low down, and the body part made
very short so as to act more in the manner of the usual form of gas or other
stove, but with all the advantages inherent to the present Invention above
referred to.
In order to prevent an accumulation of a mixture of gas and air in the heater and
the accidental ignition of the same, whereby a dangerous explosion might arise, I
cause small holes to be made effecting a communication between the space in the
heater and the before mentioned sinall flue pipe, so that any accumulation of gas
and air may gradually disperse. I further arrange the burner (whether for gas,
oil, or any other fuel) so that the surrounding chimney cannot be removed without
first sliding or swinging the burner out from underneath the opening by which the
hot products of combustion are received, and I make the base or stand of a tightly
enclosed form so that a light cannot be applied to kindle the said gas or fluid
without first removing the burner as above stated. When gas is the heating
medium, I also sometimes connect the tap on the gas pipe with an automatic cam
lever and inclines, so arranged that when the gas has been extinguished it cannot
be again turned on without first drawing forward the burner, and it can even then
not be turned on full until the burner has been pushed back into its place. For
this purpose, according to one arrangement, the moveable air supply pipe to the
burner carries a lever, one end of which is provided with grooves or notches
embracing a cam piece on a projecting part of the gas tap. The notches in the
lever are so formed that when the tap is turned so as to cut off the gas supply the
cam is locked in one of the notches, and the tap is consequently prevented from
being opened until by drawing out the burner with the gas and air pipe as above
described, the tail of the lever is brought against a stationary projection whereby it
is tilted so as to free the cam out of its notch and allow it to be turned in a second
notch or groove a certain distance sufficient to slightly open the gas supply for
igniting the burner. On pushing back the burner and pipes, the lever in being freed
from the projection falls back into its original position so as to entirely free the cam
and allow the tap to be turned on full.
As already mentioned I do not confine myself to any particular method of con-
suming the fuel, and when for instance coal gas is burnt, it may be sometimes
consumed so as to give out a strong light and may at other times be burnt as in a
Bunsen burner when light is not required.
For gathering the water of condensation which results from the cooling of the hot
moist products of combustion, I provide a suitable hole or holes in the flue pipe and
trays or other receptacles for catching the water.
"
">
As it is very desirable to cause the temperature at the upper part of the room to
vary as little as possible from that at the lower part, I in some cases provide
punkahs or apparatus for distributing the air, and which may be either in the
shape of fans, screw-vanes, or otherwise, and may be driven by springs, weights,
water, or in any other convenient manner, but which are by preference so arranged
that they cause a strong upward current to be given to the air in the neighbour-
hood of the stove, whereby a good circulation of the whole of the air in the room is
generally ensured. Or the forced current of air is sometimes caused to impinge
against the heater whereby it is made more efficient. The said "punkah" may be
combined in one with the stove so as to form a complete, and if desired, ornamental
addition to the room. I do not however claim such punkah or air distributors as
part of my present Invention.
For use in very cold situations, or where more heat is required than light, I form
the stove into two or more tiers or divisions in the height, each being supplied with
a burner or burners, heater, and other necessary appliances, as already described in

page_text: the first part of this Specification; and by this arrangement I obtain a more equably
distribution of heat in the room, with less necessity for the use of a "punkah."
Or the apparatus may be duplicated side by side for this purpose.
In order to more clearly describe my present Invention I have appended hereto
7 Sheets of Drawings, of which the following is a description :-On Sheet I., Figs. 1
to 5 shew one construction of stove with my Invention applied thereto; Fig. 1
shews a vertical section of the stove; Figs. 2, 4, and 5 shew respectively sections
on lines 2-2, 3-3, 4-4, and 5-5, Fig. 1. A, Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is the base of the
stove, which may be made of any convenient form, but is here shewn of an octagon
shape, and is provided with two partitions B, B, between which the reversing
valve C is fitted, and the said partitions are perforated with openings D, D (in
this case of a triangular form). The sides of the base, where not enclosed between
the partitions, are perforated for giving free access for the air in the apartment to
the inner portions of the base. The bottom of the base is pierced with the
openings E and E¹, and which may be covered or uncovered by the sliding plate F
resting on the bottom of the base, and perforated with corresponding openings.
G is the inlet pipe for supplying fresh air, and provided with a strainer G'; H is
the exit pipe for the removal of spent or vitiated air from the room, and communi-
cating for that purpose with the chimney or flue I. When it is inconvenient to
fix the exit pipe H as shewn, a pipe H', as shewn by dotted lines, may be substituted,
and the plate J then serves the purpose of covering or uncovering the opening in
the base leading to the said exit pipe. J is connected to, and therefore works in
conjunction with the slide F. K is another plate or door similar to and opposite
to J, and also connected to the slide F, and it is furnished with a cam shaped.
projection, as shewn, so made that it and the slide F with door J can be moved
only when the reversing valve is in the position shewn by full lines, but not when
in the position shewn by the dotted lines, nor when in an intermediate position, as
this would interfere with the intended course of the air currents. L is an opening
in the upper part or cover of the base, for the purpose of giving communication
with the body part of the stove; M is the body part, and M is a double casing for
preventing the outside casing from becoming too much cooled by the incoming
fresh air (cold in winter time); N, Figs. 1 and 4, is the double coned portion of the
stove, and in which is placed the burner O with the chimney O¹, air supply tube O²,
and gas supply pipe 0%; P is the tubular passage which connects the upper and
lower cones, and which serves as a channel for leading the incoming fresh air from
the body part of the stove, and on to the outside of the heater.
Qis the heater, which is here shewn, of a hat shaped form, and which rests on
and turns with the valve Q1 (see also Fig. 5, which is a plan of the said valve);
Qis a cone shaped piece with its upper cover pierced to correspond with the holes
which
in valve Q', and its lower part resting on or connected to the small pipe Q³,
is immediately over the chimney O¹. A circular or otherwise shaped tray Q and
spout Q are provided, as shewn, for leading away the water which is sometimes inade
to overflow by the triangular notches Q of the upper part Q of the heater, and to
trickle down its side, and the sides of the cone Q; Q is the internal pipe for remov-
ing the products of combustion, and Q8 a pipe for leading them into the chimney I.
The valve Q is made like an ordinary "hit and miss" valve, but with two sets of
openings placed in such a position relative to each other that when one set of
openings is completely uncovered the other set shall then be quite covered, or both
sets of openings may be partly uncovered at the same time; Q10 are internal and
external heat ribs for giving an increased heating surface in a small space; R is
the opening, perforated or otherwise, at the top of the stove for exit of air from the
stove to the upper part of the room, or from the upper part of the room to the stove;
S is a tray for holding water and sometimes communicating with recess Q in the
upper part of the heater.
The action of the stove above described is as follows:-In order to light the
burner, whether gas or oil, the part O with tube 02 and glass O' are first pulled
*forward sufficiently far to remove the glass, when the heating or lighting medium

page_text: may be kindled, the glass is replaced, and the tube with its appendages are
replaced in the position shewn, and the stove is then in action.
To avoid an explosion of a mixture of gas and air (when gas is the heating
medium) in the heater, through having carelessly left the gas turned on for sometime
before pulling forward the burner, I provide several small holes, shewn in the upper
end of the tube Q7, which will allow of any accumulation of gas in the heater to
leak gradually away; or when further protection is deemed requisite, then I employ
the can notch and lever arrangement shewn on Sheet II., and which will be
described further on. When the stove has been alight a sufficient time to render
the air in the room and chimney sufficiently warm, the results obtained will be as
follows: By the drawing action of the chimney, as generally understood, but
more correctly owing to the superior gravity of the outside air as compared to the
column of heated air in the chimney, air will enter pipe G, pass through the
strainer G¹, openings E, and through the base of the stove into the body part M.
It will further pass through the tubular passage P around the heater Q, and,
becoming warmed, will emerge through opening R into the upper part of the room.
The warm air will circulate through the room, giving out a portion of its heat to
the walls, windows, or other objects, and is finally withdrawn from the lower part
of the room by the perforations in the sides of the base, openings D, openings E',
and pipe H or H', which discharges it into the common chimney or other flue I,
through which it will, together with the products of combustion issuing by the
pipe Q, be discharged into the outer atmosphere. Air for supplying the burner
may either be taken through the pipe 02, or through perforations in the case
surrounding the burner O, but always in such a manner as to prevent the lighting
of the gas or oil when the burner is in the position shewn. The products of
combustion will pass through the short pipe Q³ into the cone Q2, through the outer
set of openings in the valve Q1, shewn black in plan at Fig. 5, into the heater Q;
and after having given up the greater portion of their heat they will be discharged
by the tubes Q7 and Q8 into the chimney I, as before mentioned. The vapours
arising in the process of combustion may sometimes be condensed by excessive
cooling; those which become condensed inside the heater will be re-evaporated,
but those which are condensed in the flue pipe Qs are drawn off into any suitable
tray by the aperture shewn, a small bridge preventing them from returning into
the heater. For the purpose of moistening the air, water is poured into the
tray S, or it may be laid on and supplied continuously, and when more moisture is
required than can be supplied in this manner, then the water is supplied to the
recess in the upper part of the heater, either direct or from the tray S. By
supplying an excess of water to the vessel Q, it will overflow by the notches Q³,
trickle down the sides of the heater where it will become warmed, and will gradually
find its way to the outlet pipe Q5, passing on its way over the cone Q2 and through
the tray QA supply of hot water is thus furnished proportionate to the power
of the burner, and useful in a variety of ways.
When the light is not required, as during the day time or during a portion
of the night, as in bedrooms, then I place a screen around it in any simple
manner.
When the whole of the heat, which the gas or other medium is capable of giving
off is not required for warming the room, but when it is still not convenient to
reduce the amount of light given off, nor to reduce the temperature in the chimney
by consuming less of the combustible, then I change the position of the valve Q¹ so
as to allow some or the whole of the products of combustion to pass direct into the
central pipe Q7, and thence into the chimney. For use in warm weather it will
therefore be possible to have the room well ventilated, and to have the light
without the heat usually accompanying the saine, the radiant heat only escaping
into the apartment.
When it is not considered necessary to ventilate the room, as for instance when
the stove is used in an office, which it is considered advisable to keep warm during
the night or any portion of the day when not occupied, then I change the position
•

page_text: of the slide F with its attachments, so that the opening E and E¹ will become
covered, all in and egress of air to and from the room is arrested, and the air of the
room is circulated through the stove by entering the opening uncovered by the
door K, it being therefore warmed over and over again. As none of the heated air
is allowed to escape, the economy of the arrangement is obvious.
In order to ventilate the room in summer time, or when the atmosphere is
sufficiently mild to admit it to the room without warming, then I change the
reversing valve C in the base of the stove to the position shewn by the dotted
lines. When in this position the fresh air will enter by the pipe G as before, but
instead of passing up by the opening L as it did before, it now issues through the
opening D and is discharged into the lower part of the apartment, through which
it gradually rises and is withdrawn from the upper part of the room, descending.
through the stove and escaping by the openings E¹ and pipe H into the chimney,
and in its course it carries away with it any excess of heat from the occupants or
from the burner or burners, or any small quantity of heat that not be sent
into the chimney through the pipe Q7, the valve Q' having been, as is readily
understood, set so as not to admit any of the products of combustion to the
heater.
It will now be evident from the above description that the stove is capable of
supplying heat, light, and ventilation, and that these three requisites to health and
comfort can be supplied independently of each other according to the requirements
or the pleasure of the occupant, and suitably to all seasons.
By the admission of warm air to the upper part, or cold air to the lower part
of the room, and by the general arrangement described, draughts are avoided.
On Sheet II. is shewn the arrangement of cam and lever with notches, which I
employ in order to prevent the gas being turned on at improper times, whereby
explosions might arise. A is the case enclosing the burner; B, the sliding tube
marked O2 on Sheet I.; C is the chimney; D is the gas tap with the two cam
projections on it; E, a lever with notches at one end and tail at the other end,
and F is the stationary stud. In Fig. 6 the burner is shewn pushed into the
In
position it occupies when the stove is used, but the tap is shewn turned off.
Fig. 7 the burner is shewn drawn forward and ready for being lighted. It will
now be readily understood that when the gas has been turned out, as in Fig. 6, and
the tail end of the lever has dropped down so that the square notch of the lever
engages one of the cam projections of the tap D, that the said tap can not be
turned in either direction, and therefore the gas can not be relighted; the holes
in the tap and in the pipe not communicating with each other, as is clearly shewn
by the dotted lines. As soon however as the burner is pulled forward the tail of
the lever will be lifted by the stationary pin F, and the other end of the lever will
be so far depressed as to free the tap at one side and allow of its being turned
partly round into the position shewn by Fig. 7. In this position the passages in
the tap and in the pipe or burner communicate sufficiently to admit a small quantity
of gas, just sufficient to light it when the glass is removed. But the tap can not be
turned on full, for it will be noticed that the corner G at the left hand side of the
notches has, on account of its proximity to the fulcrum, not been depressed
sufficient to allow of this being done; and further, the tail end of the lever can not
be raised any higher, as clearly shewn. As soon however as the burner has been
pushed back into its place (the glass having first been replaced) then the lever will
be free to complete its movement by the tail rising through the hole H in the outer
and stationary tube, and therefore the tap can be turned on full; its cam through
this movement depressing the right hand end of the lever, and of course raising
the left hand end or tail. It will also be understood that when the gas is turned
on full, and therefore the tail of the lever is projecting up through the hole H, that
the burner is locked, i.e., it cannot be pulled forward.
The stove just described is, of course, capable of being modified in a variety of
ways according to the various requirements; some of these modifications are shewn
on Sheets III and IV., they being identical in principle, and differing only in
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page_text: detail from that shewn on Sheet I. Thus referring to Figs. 8, 9, and 10, on
Sheet III., shewing respectively a vertical section and sections on lines 9-9,
10-10, A is the base; B, divisions in the same; C, reversing valve; D, openings
in the division plates; B, E, and E¹, inlets to and outlets from base; F, sliding valve;
G, inlet pipe; H, outlet pipe; I, chimney; K, door; L, outlet to body part, and M
is the body with inner casing M. Instead of part of the casing of the base being
perforated, as shewn on Sheet I., the communication between the room and the
inside of the base is shewn to be effected by rectangular openings D¹. N and N¹
are castings supporting the burner O, the burner and O¹ the glass. Safety from
explosion is here ensured by the elbow O being made to lift up, and when in the
position shewn it encircles the glass so as to prevent the gas from being lighted, but
the same safety gear shewn on Sheet II. can, if desired, be applied here, or in a modified
form. P, P, are passages for the fresh air rising to the heater Q. The said heater
is somewhat different in construction to that shewn on Sheet I.; thus, instead of
forming the lower part of the heater (according to Sheet I.) of terra cotta or other
slow conducting material, as would be necessary in order to prevent the highly
heated products of combustion from burning the incoming air, I have in the
present case formed the part of the heater first acted on by the hot gases of two
thicknesses of metal with an intervening closed space which will allow of the
enclosed air circulating freely. The upper part of the heater (where the gases have
been somewhat cooled) is shewn single. Instead of this arrangement the lower
part could be made of, say, three thicknesses of metal enclosing 2 air spaces, the
middle part with, say, 1 air space and the top part single, and the air spaces may
sometimes with advantage be divided vertically by horizontal partitions. Qis
the outlet pipe for hot water; Q, notches in the sides of the vessel Q; Q7 is the
central flue pipe through which the products of combustion are sent by changing
the valve Qinstead of following the course T, T, which they take when imparting
heat to the incoming air (through the metal of the heater). Pipe Q7 is, by
preference, surrounded by non-conducting material, such as slag-wool, asbestos, or
other kinds.
The two stoves shewn at Fig. 11 and 12, on Sheet IV., are similar in
construction to that shewn on Sheet III., but the heaters are longer. In Fig. 11
the products of combustion are first made to deseend by the well protected pipe O³,
from whence they emerge into the valve box N, and from this they are distributed
as required, in the same manner as before described. Two sets of notches for the
water to pass over are here shewn, but this arrangement is optional. In Fig. 12
the products of combustion are first made to ascend by the covered pipe O³, and
are then passed through the heater as before, but in a downward direction, being
directed in their course by a suitable valve and finally discharged into the chimney
by pipe Q. In order to obtain the necessary draught through the heater, it is
sometimes necessary to prolong the flue pipe a considerable vertical distance up
into the main flue, as indicated at Fig. 12, and when the said pipe is carried
sufficiently high up, then the flue pipe, instead of passing out at the side of the
stove, as shewn, may be carried lower down and underneath the floor on its way
to the chimney, which arrangement enables the stove to be placed in almost any
required position of a room or hall without exposing unsightly pipes to view.
For large or lofty halls, or other places where it is advisable to have the light
near the centre of the room, and yet to have the floor unobstructed, I arrange the
stove as shewn in part section and part elevation at Fig. 13, on Sheet V. What
has been termed "the base" part of the stove, containing the air inlet and the
reversing valve, is here placed above the ceiling of the room; thus G is the inlet
pipe for fresh air; C, the reversing valve; L, the passages to the heater; U is the
course taken by the air in going over the surface of the heater; Q, the heater
through which pass the products of combustion; and Q7, the central pipe through
which they (or a portion of them) are sent when the whole of their heat is not
required. and U may either. be annular passages extending all round the stove,
or any desired number of separate tubular passages. O are the burners, and O

page_text: °
the chimnies.
The said burners may of course be arranged in the form of a
chandelier, and may even be made to pull down; they may, together with the body
part of the stove, be made of any ornamental shape or pattern to suit the
decorations in the roon. N is the valve box into which the products of combustion
are discharged; and Q1, Q, are two valves worked by levers N', and set so that
when one is closed the other is open in the same manner as already described for
the stove, shewn in Sheet I.; I is the chimney or flue, and for large rooms several
of these flues are by preference formed around the room.
When the room has to be heated, the air passes from G by L, L, and U, U,
into the room and escapes from the lower part of the room, ascending through
passage X.
For summer ventilation, the air enters near the floor from inlet G and passage X,
the valve C being set to the position shewn by the dotted lines, and the air is
withdrawn through U, U, and L, L, rising through the chimney 1.
With this arrangement of stove it is frequently difficult to obtain sufficient
draught for good ventilation, and when such is the case the draught must be
produced either by applying heat to some convenient part of the chimney, by
preference as low down as possible, or by forcing air in through the inlet G by
some kind of fan driven by power. The latter course is preferable in most cases on
account of cheapness, and as a plenum is then formed in the room, indraughts
cannot possibly take place through crevices in doors, or windows, or elsewhere.
If desirable, a simple arrangement may also be adopted whereby the in and
outlets for air may be closed, and the air contained in the room be forced to
circulate around the heater without being changed, as described with reference to
the arrangement shewn on Sheet I.
The stoves just described have been assumed to be of a circular or prismatic form,
but may of course also be made flat or with several burners placed on opposite
sides, or side by side. A flat form of stove which is made to conform as much as
possible to the arrangement of rooms in this country, is shewn in section and
clevation at Figs. 14 and 15, on Sheet VI.; G is inlet pipe for fresh air; C, reversing
valve; D, outlet from the room to chimney flue I; O is the burner; O¹, chimney;
Q, beater; Q', valve; R, outlet to room for warm air; Q7, covered pipe for outlet
of gases to chimney when not required for warming purposes. This stove may also
be made with the heater extended towards the floor as arranged for stoves, shewn
on Sheet IV., and one or several of the burners may be arranged in the space usually
occupied by the fire, and by means of reflectors or otherwise made to give an
appearance resembling that of the open fire place, to which all people are so much
accustomed; but I prefer in all cases to arrange for the heat contained in the
products of combustion being utilised for heating and ventilating in the manner
already described.
When oil has to be burnt, the arrangements are the same as for gas, except that
an oil lamp with its reservoir of oil is substituted for the gas burner; and do not
confine myself to any particular kind of burner, but use that which will ensure the
- most perfect combustion and give the best light.
It will be seen that in all the above arrangements of lamp stoves the gas or
other lighting medium is utilised in the most perfect possible manner, in as much
as when its illuminating property is not required, its beating and ventilating
function (or one or other of these) are utilised.
In cases where gas is too expensive to use for heating purposes, but where, say,
coal or coke are available, I prefer to burn the fuel under any kind of boiler, and
to convey the beat to the room or rooms by pipes as at present practised; but in
order to obtain all the advantages claimed for the other forms of stoves just
described (the light alone excepted), I employ a stove of the form shewn at Fig. 16,
Sheet VII, or modifications thereof.
G is the inlet pipe for fresh air; H, discharge pipe to chimney; C, reversing
valve; D, opening communicating with lower part.of room; F, valve for closing
the air in and outlets, as before described; Q, the heater warmed by water or

page_text: steam (or it may be warmed by solid fuel direct); Q, a vessel for water for
moistening the air; Q1, Q2, and Q³, valves for regulating the heat, which take the
place of the double valve Q' previously described; V, spaces filled with nou
conducting material; U and T, air passages; R, outlet to room; and S, tray for
water. When the valves Q1, Q2, and Q3 are in the position shewn, the fresh air
entering through G passes by T, T, becoming warmed in passing over the heater
(which may be ribbed or otherwise formed), and then through Q2 into the upper
part of the room, as in the other stoves described. To moderate the temperature
the three valves are moved so that only a portion of the incoming air is heated,
and the rest is passed up the passage U and through the partly opened valve Q¹
When Qis quite or nearly closed, the valve Q3 opens a communication between
the spaces T, T¹, and this allows of the heat from Q being carried into the chimney
to maintain the draught, as is done with the gas stoves previously described.
It will be evident that in all the above described arrangements of stoves,
3 instead of allowing the air to issue direct from the stove into the room, or
vice versa, it may be caused to pass into a perforated skirting or cornice so as
to distribute the air more evenly throughout the room.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I claim,—
First. Constructing stoves for heating and ventilating purposes with a base
having an air supply from the outer atmosphere, an exit into a flue, an opening
or openings into the room, and a reversing valve, these parts being so combined
and arranged that in one position of the valve the fresh air passes from the supply
into the base and thence into the stove, whence it issues into the room, from which
the vitiated air escapes into the base, and thence through the exit to the chimney,
while in another position of the valve the air supply enters the room directly from
the base, the vitiated air escaping through the body of the stove to the exit,
substantially as herein described.
Second. In combination with a stove arranged and operating, as set forth in the
preceding claim, a slide or valve governing the air supply and exit, so arranged in
combination with a valve or door opening from the stove base into the room, that
by closing the air supply and exit, and opening the last named valve or door, the
air from the room is caused to enter the base through the latter, and after circu-
lating through the stove to issue back into the room again, substantially as and for
the purposes herein described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 and 8 to 10 of the
Drawings.
Third. In a stove base the combination of the inlet pipe G, outlet pipe H,
reversing valve C, openings D, sliding valve F, and door K, arranged and operating
as herein set forth.
Fourth. A stove wherein the gaseous products of combustion are caused to pass
into the heater through a double valve, or two or more distinct valves, so arranged that
in one position of the valve or valves the products pass in close contact with the walls
of the heating chamber, so as to impart heat to air passing in contact with the outer
surface of the chamber, while in another position of the valve or valves the products
of combustion pass partially or entirely into a central or otherwise arranged passage
so as to escape without imparting their heat to the walls of the latter, substantially
as herein set forth.
Fifth. The combination of the valve or valves Q₁ with the heater Q and
escape pipe or passage Q7, arranged and operating substantially as herein
described.
Sixth. In a gas burner for stoves arranged to be slid in and out for ignition, the
combination with the gas tap or valve of a lever so arranged with slots, grooves, or
cam surfaces and a fixed stop as to perform the following functions:-First, when
the gas tap is turned on fully the lever is caused to lock the burner in the inner
position; second, in order to draw the burner out, it is necessary to turn the tap so
s to extinguish the gas, or nearly so; third, when the burner is drawn out the
ever prevents the tap from being opened more than to a very slight extent, it

page_text: being necessary to slide the burner in again before the tap can be turned fully on;
fourth, by so turning on the tap the lever is moved into position for locking the
burner, substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 of the
Drawings.
Seventh. In a gas burner for stoves, the combination of the tap D, cam lever E,
tube B, hole H, and stop F, operating as set forth.
Eighth. Constructing stoves with a base having fresh air supply and exit for
vitiated air, an openings or openings into the room, and a reversing valve in combi-
nation with a heater with regulating valve and hot air escape pipe, the said parts
being so arranged that the fresh air can either enter the stove through the base,
and in ascending or descending become more or less heated before passing into the
room, or the fresh air can enter the room directly from the base and escape from
the room past the heater to the chimney, the products of combustion from the
burner being made to pass either entirely through the heater, or entirely through
the escape pipe, or partly through both, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Anton Gottlieb Schönheyder, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
W. A. G. SCHONHEYDER. (L.S.)