matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Banks, William Slater, and
James Banks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May
1880.
PETER BANKS, WILLIAM SLATER, and JAMES BANKS, all of Adlington, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to that part of the loom known as the "dobby," and is
particularly applicable to that class of "dobbies" known as "Willan and Mills',"
and the improvements are designed to simplify its construction and cause it to
work more steadily and accurately, and hence produce a better cloth, and save
power in driving.
Hitherto the barrels which actuate the pegged lags or cards in this apparatus
have been worked by a link, one end of which was connected to the rocking shaft
mounted on the framework of the "dobby," and the other end to the bell crank
lever which acts upon the barrel; this was found to be faulty, and necessitated a
complicated arrangement of brake being used on the other end of the shaft of the
barrel to steady its action and prevent its being jerked at each movement.
Our Invention consists in actuating the barrels direct from the tappet shaft
through a simple arrangement which may be described as follows:-
On the lower end of the said bell crank lever I fix a bar or rod which is capable
of being adjusted by set screws so as to alter the throw; the other end of this bar
is provided with a slot in which works a pulley; this pulley is fixed on a bracket
which is connected by a set screw to the end of the lever which is keyed to the
square rocking shaft, and which works the healds.
This rocking shaft is actuated by a lever which is pivoted to a connecting rod
attached to a crank on the end of the tappet shaft.
By this arrangement the barrels have a direct and positive motion given to
them, which causes the "dobby" to work much steadier and to be more certain in
its action, and at the same time the brakes and joints usually employed are
dispensed with.
Another improvement consists in effecting the action of the said barrels by a rod
which passes through the yarn, one end of which is connected to an excentric on
the tappet shaft and the other end to the bell crank lever above.
This arrangement may be used instead of the one above described.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING FRAUDULENT ALTERATIONS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES AND OTHER VALUABLE DOCUMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patonts on the 23rd March 1880.
GEORGE DAVIS, of 151, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Stationor.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING FRAUDULENT ALTERATIONS IN BANKERS'
CHEQUES AND OTHER VALUABLE DOCUMENTS."
The object of this Invention is to prevent fraud by altering the amounts of
bankers' cheques and other documents.
For effecting this object I provide a perforating or piercing punch or nippers of
any suitable kind, propelled by lever, percussion, or screw, to cut out and remove
a portion of the cheque or other document to be protected. The pattern of
the piece to be removed is represented by a small clongated parallelogram
corresponding in shape to the figure 1 or the letter "I," in the character known to
printers as a sans serif letter, thus |.
I adopt the system known as Roman numerals, and thereby am enabled by one
or more stokes or blows of the punch or nippers to cut and form the said letters or
figures.
One perpendicular stroke, thus i, represents one, and two, thus ||,
represents two, while four is cut out by ono perpendicular and two converging
cuts, thus IV. I form the letters X and L by the same means, and am thereby
enabled by this single tool to make indelible the amount of cheques up to eighty
nine pounds. For larger amounts two additional punches C and D are required.
I further protect the cheque from any fraudulent addition by placing a horizontal
dash in front and after the amount, thus -X V-.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO THE FURNACES OR CHIMNEYS OF LOCOMOTIVE, PORTABLE, AND OTHER BOILERS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ARRESTING SPARKS OR OTHER BURNING MATTER."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nathaniel Clayton and Joseph Shuttleworth, both of
Lincoln, in the County of Lincoln, Engineers, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO THE FURNACES OR CHIMNEYS OF LOCOMOTIVE, PORTABLE,
AND OTHER BOILERS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ARRESTING SPARKS OR OTHER
BURNING MATTER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nathaniel Clayton and
Joseph Shuttleworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
19th April 1880.
NATHANIEL CLAYTON and JOSEPH SHUTTLEWORTш, both of Lincoln, in the County
of Lincoln, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE FURNACES OR CHIMNEYS
OF LOCOMOTIVE, PORTABLE, AND OTHER BOILERS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ARRESTING
SPARKS OR OTHER BURNING MATTER.”
Our Invention has for its object preventing sparks or other burning matter from
escaping to the atmosphere from the furnaces or chimneys of locomotive, portable.
and other boilers.
In carrying out our Invention, a flue is formed in the smoke box, commencing
slightly above the tubes on one side, and continuing round until it enters the
chimney. To the two inner sides of this flue are attached intercepting plates which
are placed at an angle, and extend horizontally across the flue, whereby the sparks
are arrested as the centrifugal current passes to the outer air. The upper part of
the flue at its junction with the chimney is closed in by a curved pluto which is
hung upon hinges opening like a door by means of a lever. This hinged plato
when closed turns the draft into the smoke box flue and the sparks are arrested,
and, on the contrary, when it is opened the draft in the flue ceases and the heated
asceud direct to the cbinney in the usual manner. The inner casing of the
gases
flue is held in position by a set screw, on the removal of which the casing may be
withdrawn and the flue cleaned out.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DROP Box LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hall and Charles Ellis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1880.
ROBERT HALL, Engineer, and CHARLES ELLIS, Foreman, of Bury, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DROP Box LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to improvements in Diggle's box motion, and we will
describe our improvements as applied for weaving figured handkerchiefs.
In weaving handkerchiefs on Diggle's loom two chains were necessary, and to
produce the cross border it was necessary to stop the loom and change the con-
necting rod from number one to number two chain.
In performing our Invention we employ one Diggle chain and one ordinary
pattern chain and star wheel for weaving the body of the handkerchief, and a third
pattern or diminishing chain.
A cam on the intermediate wheel moves the star wheel on the pattern chain
stud by means of an lever, spiral spring, and inclined plane, which puts the star
wheel in and out of gear. On the end of the lever is a feeler, which feels the
third pattern chain. This pattern chain regulates the putting in and out of gear
of the star wheel on the second pattern chain.
By means of this third chain or diminishing motion we can weave extremely
long patterns with a short chain.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ROTARY INDUCTION OR ELECTRIC MOTOR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mowburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1880. A communication
from abroad by Wilfred De Fonvielle, of Paris, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED ROTARY INDUCTION OR
ELECTRIC MOTOR." [A communication from abroad by Wilfred Do Fonvielle, of
Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to a new or improved rotary induction or electric motor
which is composed :-
1. Of a galvanometric frame of any suitable form, on which are wound a number
of turns of one or more insulated electric wires.
2. Of the motor, properly so called, mounted on a pivot or axis, and situated in
the centre or at the top, or at the bottom, or in proximity to the galvanometric
frame, so that the requisite action can be produced. It is formed of a piece of
magnetic or magnetizable metal, either solid or hollow, which is put into motion
by the action of the current circulating through the spirals of the galvanometric
frame.
3. Of magnets grouped or arranged in suitable position around the motor.
I employ as the generator of the current the induction wiro of an induction
bobbin or the induced wire, or the current from a pile, or the current from an
electrical machine, and I take the precaution to give a suitable resistance to the
circuit through which the current utilized passes. Any known means may be
employed to collect the power produced.
In order to put the motor into movement it is sufficient to send the induction
current through the wire which covers the galvanometric frame. As long as the
current flows the apparatus is caused to turn with a power, more or less great, in
proportion to the power of the current, and of the inagnets arranged around in
suitable positions. The magnets may be replaced by electro magnets. To obtain
the maximum effect it is necessary that not only the position of the magnets, but
also their power be calculated in accordance with the power and the nature of the
current which circulates through the spirals of the galvanometric frame. The
direction of the motion can be reversed either by changing the order of the poles
of the magnets, or by changing the direction of the current.

page_text: The Invention therefore consists in employing the rotary action directly
engendered by the passage of an interrupted current in the prosence of a piece of
magnetic or magnetizable metal capable of moving around an axis or centre; it
comprises applications of this principle both as a motor intended to produce power,
and as an experimental or scientific instrument. In the latter case the motive part 5
may be enclosed in a glass or other vessel full of air, or full of liquid, or exhausted
of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1880.
THOMAS ADAMS, of West Gorton, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in safety valves.
The improvements are illustrated by the Drawing annexed.
The construction is for two or more valves so arranged that one column C, one
spring S, one pintle P, and one spindle S¹ only is required for two valves, V and V'.
The point of the spindle S" bears in the crosshead H 1½ inches below the plane of
the valve seats. This dimension is suitable where the centres of valves are nine
inches apart or thereabouts. Where the centres of valves are more or less than
nine inches apart, the distance of the point S" should be varied proportionally to
that of the centres of valves.
This ensures the simultaneous action of both or of all the valves.
Also I provide the gland G which is steam tight against pressures due to the
escaping steam from the valves. G is a ring in two or more pieces; it is made a good
tit on the spindle, but is allowed to slide laterally in its place to accommodate itself
to the centres of the valves. In order to hold it steam tight against the spindle a
spring E surrounds it, pressing the parts of the ring G together at the joints and
so preventing the escaping steam from entering inside of C to corrode the spring.
Having prevented the corrosion of the spring, steel or iron may be used for the
spindle instead of brass, and the pintle P may be of cast iron instead of brass.
I also construct the joints N, N¹, N", N¹, hollow in the middle of their
breadth, leaving only a narrow fillet f, f, ff, bearing at the outside and inside
of the joint.
I also construct the disc D of cast iron and fit into it a brass bush B, into which
I screw the compressing nut N which bears on the washer. W and is fitted
into it by a radial or conical point in order to hold the spring always central over
the valve.
I also cast and fit a stop Sl on the cap C" to fit against the side of the
compressing nut N, and prevent it from turning round after the cap has been
set to its working position.
I also make the bearing cap C greater in diameter than the weigh shaft, or
than the lower half of the bearing, so that the weigh shaft may not touch it when
working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Koenig at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1880.
HERMANN KOENIG, of Saalfeld, in the Empire of Germany, but at present of
Hackney, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF WHITE LEAD."
According to this Invention I cut strips or shavings of metallic lead in such a
manner that they shall assume a helical, spiral, or other like form, or the lead may
be first cut into strips and formed into helices or other like forms afterwards.
These helices are then suspended or otherwise suitably placed in a closed
receptacle or chamber, and therein exposed to the action of moist air, acetic acid,
vapour, and carbonic acid gas; these are introduced at a temperature of 150°
Fahrenheit or thereabout, either separate or together.
.
By operating upon lead in the above form, in this way it will be converted into
white lead more rapidly and more thoroughly than heretofore.
Or I operate upon
oxide of lead; and for this purpose 1 enclose the oxide in a rotating air tight
cylinder, or other suitable receptacle, by preference of a polygonal shape, in order
to turn over and expose the oxide more effectually to the action of moist air, acetic
acid, vapour, and carbonic acid gas, introduced into the said receptacle by any
suitable means and at about the same temperature as aforesaid.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CRICKET BAT HANDLE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rushton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1880.
WILLIAM RUSHTON, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED CRICKET BAT HANDLE."
The object of this Invention is by the means of my improved handle to produce
a better kind of cricket bat than the kind made according to the present mode of
manufacture, and by being more durable prove to be cheaper than those now used.
Hitherto the handles for the better class of cricket bats have generally been
constructed of cane, and afterwards "spliced" or joined to the lower part or blade
of the bat; but bats so made are found to be very expensive in consequence of the
many breakages which occur by reason of there being so little elasticity in the
handle; therefore it will be seen that after some amount of hard play the handle is
apt to become detached from the blade.
By my Invention this will be prevented, as the materials I employ for the
purpose of manufacturing the handle will cause the handle to be firmly and perma-
nently attached to the blade, as well as to give the required "play" or elasticity.
According to my Invention I first provide a piece of cane of suitable size, the
lower portion of which is smaller or of less diameter than the upper; this is for
the purpose of taking into the blade, upon which it is afterwards permanently
secured by "splicing," or by other convenient means. I then cover this cane
handle with a case of india rubber, and thus the required elasticity between the
handle and blade is afforded whilst great strength is given; and a bat thus made
might be used for years before the handle would become detached from the blade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING, DISCONNECTING, PICKING UP AND RAISING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richardson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1880.
WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, Ship Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING, DISCONNECTING, PICKING UP AND
RAISING SHIPS' BOATS."
My Invention has for object the construction of improved apparatus for lowering,
disconnecting, picking up, and raising ships' boats.
In carrying out my Invention the davits are slightly curved, and formed to fit
into sockets curved at their bases, pivotted to the deck or skid so as to allow of
placing the boat fairly beyond the ship's side. The davits pass through shoes at
the upper ends of pivotted standards; on the head of each davit is a sheave, over
which passes a pennant connected with the boat, the other end of which pennant
passes through a block at the heel of the davit on to a central drum or purchase
winch, by means of which the boat is lowered or raised.
The boat is secured in chocks pivotted to the same centre, as the davits and
witch chocks consequently act in connection with the boat and the davits so as to
fall from beneath the same by the action of a lever which connects the whole, and
which may be put in motion either from the deck or from the boat.
The disconnecting and picking up gearing consists of a cam or eccentric at each
end of the boat, working in a socket and provided with a slot, arranged to receive
the link of a chain which is clasped by the cam or eccentric by the longitudinal
and vertical action of a rod traversing the keelson, the motion for picking up being
the reverse to that for disconnecting.
Great difficulty has hitherto been experienced in removing the canvas covering
from a boat previous to the operation of lowering it, and my improvements further
relate to means of obviating this inconvenience. For this purpose I employ a
number of hooks attached to plates and connected to a line or band passing round
both sides of the boat. The inner side of the canvas covering near its edge is
provided with a number of loops which pass over the usual staples in the boat's
side, and the herein before described hooks are then passed through the staples and
will thus secure the canvas; when the covering is to be removed it will be merely
necessary to draw the herein before described line or band whereby the hooks will
be withdrawn from the staples and the canvas will be rolled up on the ridge rope
or pole by the motion of the davits.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT TO PREVENT THE SHIFTING OF GRAIN IN BULK AND COAL CARGOES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lowrie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1880.
WILLIAM LOWRIE, of Newcastle upon Tyne.
"AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT
TO PREVENT THE SHIFTING OF GRAIN IN BULK AND COAL CARGOES."
This Invention has for its object an improved arrangement to prevent the shifting
of grain in bulk and coal cargoes.
I have a central line of shifting boards amidships carried longitudinally through
the cargo space in the lower holds and 'tween decks, fore and aft from top to bottom.
I form a grain feeding trunk the whole length of the cargo space. A partition is
carried on each side of the centre line in the 'tween decks, fore and aft, to
form central feeding trunks, running the whole length of the cargo space.
These partitions are inclined inwards, and are provided with iron sliding doors for
discharging the side wings of the 'tween decks. The doors are arranged in iron
frames abreast of the cargo hatches all made thoroughly secure and grain tight.
For feeding the lower hold from the trunkway I have two lines of continuous
narrow hatches in the lower deck on each side of central division inside of
the trunkway.
For filling the side wings of the 'tween decks I have small hatches at distances
apart on each side of the upper deck.
When grain or seed in bulk is carried in the side wings of the 'tween decks, the
same is secured with three heights of grain in bags on top, or if entirely in
bulk, cross bulkheads are placed, so as to fill up the space required with grain or
seed in bulk from deck to deck.
With wheat or coals in bulk, there will be about sufficient space in lower
holds and central trunkway for a full deadweight cargo.
With a cargo of lighter grain or seed the side wings of the 'tween decks can be
filled or partly filled as required, and secured as already described.
In the ordinary type of cargo steamers it is recommended that no water ballast
be fitted in the fore or main holds (where the engines are placed amidships),
but provision is made for the usual quantity of water ballast from the cross
bunker bulkhead to the after end of the after hold and in the engine compartment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LININGS FOR SCARVES, NECKTIES, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Newton Mapleston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1880.
THOMAS NEWTON MAPLESTON, of 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LININGS FOR SCARVES, NECKTIES, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF
WEARING APPAREL."
Scarves, neckties, and other articles of apparel are in general at present lined
with what is technically known as swansdown, lambskin, raised-twill and stiffened-
twill, and thin cardboard. These are cut out separately, put in place, and sewn in.
This, it will be seen, involves two processes before the lining for the aforesaid
articles can be ready to be put in place, and is troublesome and costly. Now by my
Invention I obviate the use of two processes, and make one do instead. I take the
swansdown, etcetera, in long lengths and the cardboard or paper, and prepare the
lining by joining the before mentioned materials together in lengths by glue or
other similar means. When wanted to be used a length, sheet, or roll of the
prepared lining is taken and cut up as required, the processes of cutting up and
putting the same in place taking up just half the time occupied by preparing the
materials separately, as stated above.
Another advantage is that the materials being joined together, as aforesaid, the
lining cannot slip or become parted in the process of sewing it in place, as is
frequently the case where the lining is made up of separate materials, neither is
there the liability to crack, as the "swan" does at present. If it cracks the piece
is spoiled, and has to be thrown away.
In place of the "swan" I sometimes prefer to use black or other muslin or
other similar material; this is joined to the cardboard as before and used like the
other.
It will of course be seen that this improved lining can be made in short lengths
if desired, but long ones come cheaper and are generally to be preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DORMER WINDOWS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DORMER WINDOWS." A com-
munication from abroad by Jacob Hilgers, of Rheinbrohl, Germany.
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Putent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
DORMER WINDOWS." [A communication from abroad by Jacob Hilgers, of
Rheinbrobl, Germany.]
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of dormer windows.
The object of the said Invention is to make the frame portion of windows of this
kind, that is to say, the frame which fits upon the roof, in an improved manner.
According to this Invention I make the said frame in one single piece or sheet of
metal, so that it will not be so liable to become leaky as the frames constructed in
the manner hitherto in use for dormer or roof windows. Such frames have hitherto
usually consisted of two separate frames rivetted or soldered together, one of which
is horizontal and rests upon the roof, and the other is vertical and is designed to
prevent the entrance of the rain or other moisture into the place which is fitted
with windows having such frames.
The only window frames of this class which have been hitherto made in one
piece have been cast or moulded, generally in iron, but these frames being very
liable to rust and also to break, have likewise been the cause of annoyance and
difficulty.
My Invention is designed to obviate the defects in, and the difficulties connected
with, the frames of this description as heretofore made, and is carried into practice

page_text: :-
as follows, that is to say I form the frame from a single piece of rolled sheet
metal by stamping or otherwise, and this frame is so made that there is a flat or
horizontal base designed to fit upon the roof, and the metal is turned up per-
pendicularly on the inside edge of the flat base all around the same, so that there
is no necessity for soldering or rivetting the flat and the vertical portions together,
and I provide an embossed or raised rib or border on the flat base. The vertical
part is that upon which the sash or window rests.
The said frame may be constructed of any kind of sheet metal, but I prefer to
employ sheet iron, and to galvanize the same with zinc, so as to protect it against
rust. I may vary the form of this dormer window frame so as to adapt it to all
kinds of roofing, whether of corrugated zinc, ordinary tiles, slate, or the like.
There is a rim around the sash or folding frame which supports the glass, the
latter being held in place by means of cement or the like. The frame for the
glass is provided with a border all around the same, which gives strength and
stiffness to the said frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Terrey, Robert Judson, and
George Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th
December 1880.
JOHN TERRY, ROBERT JUDSON, and GEORGE SMITH, all of Keighley, in the
County of York, Joiners. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WINDOW
SASHES."
"
Our Invention relates to windows having sliding sashes, and its object is to
arrange both upper and lower sash in such a manner that both sides of the window
can be cleaned from the inside of the room, and to arrange a support for the balance
weights when detached from the sashes.
We accomplish our object somewhat in the following manner :-To one side of
the window frame and parting bead opposite to the upper and lower sashes we
secure hinge crooks, so constructed that the same may be raised or lowered; when
lowered the sashes will slide in the frame as hitherto, but when raised the crooks
will be engaged with the respective portions of the hinges secured to the sashes,
which can be opened into the room when the balance weights on one side of the
sashes are detached.
This we accomplish by means of a binged plate inside the weight box, which
when raised by a catch bar from the outside into a horizontal position, sustains the
balance weights; the cords can then be detached from the sashes, which are free on
removal of beads to swing round on the hinges, and present both sides of the
window in the room,
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Warner Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1880.
FREDERICK WARNER JONES, of Exeter, in the County of Devon.
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES."
known causes.
" IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is to permit of the rider's weight being utilised as a
propelling power, and to render bicycles safer than those hitherto in use, and more
especially by preventing the rider from falling over the handles, owing to
inequalities of road surfaces, too powerful applications of the brake, or other well
" rake" ог
In order to carry out my improvements I allow considerable
inclination backwards to be given to the front fork. From each side of the fork
an arm, which may be bolted to or cast in one with the fork, projects backwards at
an angle and extends downwards, and is held secure by being fastened near its
lower end to a short arm, which is secured to the fork near the hub.
To transmit power to the driving wheel of my improved bicycle I pivot a lever
to the extremity of each of the projecting long arms, which levers may be raised or
lowered to adjust the height for different riders by means of a slot. One end of
each lever extends backwards, and carries the pedal at its furthest backward
extremity. The other end of each lever is connected with the cranks by means of
a link or connecting-rod.
A slot is formed in the end of each crank and in the front end of the levers, in
order that the "throw" may be lengthened or shortened, according to circumstances.
Instead of a long projecting arm and connecting short arm, as above described, in
some cases I employ a curved fork, each side of which bends back to take the
place of the projecting arm, and which again bends forward in the place of the
short arm.
By the adoption of this bicycle absolute safety is ensured, and the rider being
directly over the pedals great additional power is gained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES ACTUATED BY THE FORCE OF WIND
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1880. A communication
from abroad by Gustavus Ernest Böhmer, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of
Saxony.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES ACTUATED BY THE
FORCE OF WIND." [A communication from abroad by Gustavus Ernest Böhmer,
of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.]
This Invention consists of a vertical revolving shaft fitted with horizontal arms
provided with wings or sails, and it differs from such engines or windmills as
heretofore made and used more especially in the form of the wings or sails.
These wings are made in the shape of muscles or hollow shell shaped vessels,
and a sufficient number of the horizontal arms to which they are attached are
fixed upon the vertical revolving shaft or axis either opposite to each other or in a
spiral or helical direction. From whatever quarter the wind may blow it will act
with much greater effect upon the open sides of the muscle-shaped wings than
upon their reverse or closed sides, the resistance of which, in passing through the
air, is not very great on account of their conical shape, which allows the wind to
pass with little hindrance.
The revolving vertical shaft of the engine is therefore set in continuous regular
rotation, which may be adjusted and regulated, if desired, by means of a suitable
governor or brake.
In order to prevent the apparatus from being injured by wind of too great force,
the hollow wings described may be constructed with openings through them
provided with covers hinged or otherwise connected to them, so that they may be
opened or closed more or less as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAMES OF SKILL, AND IN APPARATUS FOR PLAYING THE SAME."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smelt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1880.
THOMAS SMELT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentle-
man. IMPROVEMENTS IN GAMES OF SKILL, AND IN APPARATUS FOR PLAYING
THE SAME."
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of game in which a board is
arranged to represent a race-course, and in which the figures move in one continuous
direction across or around the course; and consists in arranging a board or plat-
form with or without intersecting channels or grooves formed in the same, and
made to represent a hunting field or piece of country, and which is divided, say,
into twenty five or any other desired number of localities or compartments, and
instead of employing a series of similar pieces, such as race horses, the movements
of which have hitherto been regulated in their progress by a tee-totum, dice-box,
or other chance action, I employ varying pieces to run or move in straight or
various right angled direction in the intersecting channels or grooves aforesaid,
such figures representing, say, the other component parts of a hunting field, videlicet,
foxes, dogs, and huntsmen, or other figures representative of the chase or hunt, and
I control the movement of these pieces by the hand of the player under certain
fixed rules, which render the game one of skill on the part of the players, and at
the same time impart to the game a degree of interest which is unattainable in any
game of chance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND SLIPPERS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Clayton, of Navan, County Meath, Ireland, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES,
AND SLIPPERS."
Sealed the 30th March 1880, and dated the 2nd February 1880.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Frederick Clayton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1880.
FREDERICK CLAYTON, of Navan, County Meath, Ireland.
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND SLIPPERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object the introduction of a new material for the
manufacture of the uppers and linings of boots, bootees, shoes, and slippers.
The new material is prepared from sheepskins and other skins upon which the
wool or fur has been allowed to remain, and also from the chippings and cuttings of
skins in the course of the manufacture of rugs and mats.
In the first place I tan and prepare the skins in the ordinary manner for the
manufacture of mats and rugs; I then shear the skins or fragments of skins either
with shears or ordinary shearing machines, taking care to leave about half an inch
of wool upon the skin so as to give it the appearance of short fur. The wool shorn
off in this manner I utilise or sell as ordinary wool for the manufacture of cloth,
and for other purposes; I utilise the skins for the manufacture of the uppers, and of
the lining of boots, shoes, and slippers, as mentioned above; the fragments and
clippings from the manufacture of rugs and mats are prepared in the same manner.
I manufacture boots, shoes, and slippers as follows:-The skin or waste fragments
are in the first place dyed to any color. The uppers are then cut out, care being taken
that the side with the fur is kept without. The lining is then cut out in the same
manner, the fur in this case being kept within. The cutting out is effected by any
known method for the cutting out of the uppers of boots, shoes, or slippers; the
lining and uppers are then placed together so that the bare surfaces come in contact
and the fur is outside. The boots, shoes, or slippers are then stitched and the sole
fastened on in the ordinary manner.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
the same,
I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The preparation of sheep skins and other skins or fragments of such skins
by the process of shearing, as above described, for the purpose of utilising the same
in the manufacture of the uppers or linings of boots, shoes, bootees, and slippers.

page_text: Second. The utilisation of the fragments and clippings of skins obtained in the
course of manufacturing mats for the manufacture of the uppers or linings of boots,
shoes, bootees, and slippers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Clayton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirty first day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
FREDERICK CLAYTON. (L.S.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HOLDERS FOR CIGARS AND CIGARETTES.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Pedro Kurczyn, of the City, County, and State of New
York, Merchant.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Enginoer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOLDERS FOR CIGARS AND CIGARETTES.' A communication from
abroad by Pedro Kurczyn, of the City, County, and State of New York, Merchant.
The object of this Invention is construct a neat, cheap, and serviceable holder
for cigars & cigarettes by bending a single piece of metal or wire in such a
manner as to form the letter symbols "OK C" when complete, or other
convenient device.
The holder is designed to be worn on the index finger, so that the person using
the same may have free use of both hands at all times while smoking, and avoid
the necessity of laying down the cigar or cigarette as has heretofore been customary
when requiring the use of both hands in business pursuits.
The wire being bent in such form as to produce a spring, a lock, and a pair of
gripping jaws, and so arranged that the jaws can not be naturally spread open
beyond a given point, neither can they be closed beyond a given point, consequently
the strength of the spring, will not be impaired, and when necessary to remove the
butt of a cigar from the holder it is accomplished by simply compressing the wire
so as to open the jaws and a fresh cigar replaced in like manner.
The accompanying Drawing will serve to fully explain the device.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
A communication from
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1880.
abroad by Edmond Fagel, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
Jasper Wetter, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of Patents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEIGHING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Edmond Fagel, of
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
The Invention is specially designed for weigh bridges, but also applicable to
other weighing apparatus, and consists, first, in applying a weigh beam (scale beam)
provided with a series of knife edges forming a scale, and serving for the suspension
of a movable weight, so that the addition or withdrawal of weights for weighing
different objects may be dispensed with, and the weight of the objects accurately
ascertained by moving the suspended weight along the weigh beam. If both sides
of the weigh beans are marked according to the scale, the result of the operation
may be read from both sides of the apparatus. The Invention consists further in
surrounding the weighing mechanism under the platform with a frame of I iron
or other suitable material, the upper part of which is provided with a ridge or
projection (preferably made of angle irons) corresponding to a downward projecting
ridge of the platform, the two ridges crossing each other in such a manner as to
prevent the influx of water into the interior of the frames.
MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN BUILDINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Rowe Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1880.
STEPHEN ROWE EDWARDS, of Redruth, in the County of Cornwall.
MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN BUILDINGS."
"IMPROVED
My Invention consists in arrangements for extinguishing fires in buildings or
separate rooms. In carrying out my Invention I proceed mainly as follows:-
In the case of one room being on fire, the water can be turned into it without
damaging the other rooms, or the things in them, by means of a pipe perforated on
one side and put around the room, and forming part of the cornice.
If a warehouse I run as many pipes along the ceiling as may be required.
The pipes come out and down outside the house to the ground, where a cock or
valve is attached to each pipe, and numbered the same as the room to which it
leads. These cocks or valves have a waste pipe, so that if there is any leakage
From these cocks or valves the
when shut the water does not go into the rooms.
pipes run into one main pipe connected to main pipe of town water supply, which
carries a pressure of from, say, 150 to 200 feet. Provision is made to connect a fire
engine if required.
Perforated pipes run also along the top of the roof to protect the building should
a building close-by be on fire.
IMPROVEMENT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Owen Michael at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1880.
LEWIS OWEN MICHAEL, of the Town and County of Bristol.
IN VELOCIPEDES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to tricycles and other velocipedes, and consists in a
mechanical arrangement in lieu of the ordinary crank motion for converting the
alternate motion of the treadles into continuous circular motion of the driving axle,
whereby the dead points incident to the employment of a crank are avoided and a
ready means provided of temporaily obtaining increased power when going up hill.
Upon the driving axle are mounted a pair of silent or friction clutches which are
so connected with the respective treadles and with one another by a band or bands,
that the forward rotation of each clutch is obtained by the down stroke of the
treadle with which it is directly connected, and the return motion by the down
stroke of the other treadle, the clutches rotating oppositely back and forth. Each
clutch may consist of a part or disc turning with the axle, and of a disc or rim
loose on the axle with jam rollers, wedges, toggles, or other gripping devices, so
arranged between the two, that the loose part in its rotation in the one direction is
caused to carry round with it the other part and axle, but is free in its rotation in
the other direction. The loose part is provided with a grooved rim to receive a
band which encircles it, and passes thence round a guide pulley to the rim of the
other clutch which it encircles in the same way, the two ends of the band leading
direct from the clutches to the treadles, to which they are attached at a point more
or less distant from the fulcrum, the point of attachment being capable of being
varied to increase the leverage as occasion may require. My Invention also
comprises clutches for temporarily disconnecting either of the driving wheels from
the axle, to enable sharp curves to be turned without danger of overturning or
straining the machine. The driving wheels are loose on a round part of the axle,
and discs turning with the axle, and having a serrated face, are pressed by springs
against corresponding faces on the wheel hubs, so that wheels and axle turn together.
By means of a lever either disc may be disengaged from its corresponding wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHEQUES, DEEDS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS OF VALUE, EITHER WRITTEN OR PRINTED, TO PRESERVE THE SAME AND TO PREVENT THE ALTERATION AND FALSIFICATION THEREOF
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jeremiah Gurney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1880.
JEREMIAH GURNEY, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CHEQUES, DEEDS,
AND OTHER DOCUMENTS AND INSTRUMENTS OF VALUE, EITHER WRITTEN OR
PRINTED, TO PRESERVE THE SAME AND TO PREVENT THE ALTERATION AND
FALSIFICATION THEREOF."
The Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of cheques,
deeds, and other documents and instruments of value, either written or printed,
to preserve the same and to prevent the alteration and falsification thereof.
For this purpose I saturate the cheque or other document with melted or
dissolved paraffin, or its equivalent, and thereby fill up the pores of the material
on which the cheque or other document is written or printed, by which means the
injurious influence of air and moisture is excluded therefrom, and at the same
time the possibility of alteration and falsification thereof is prevented.
One mode in which I carry my Invention into effect is as follows:-I place the
cheque or other document to be treated on a hot plate with its face downwards, I
then rub paraffine or its equivalent over the back thereof, such cheque or other
document being suitably stretched and heated during the process to the degree
required for effecting the complete fusion of the paraffine or its equivalent, and
consequent saturation of the cheque or other document therewith. After this I
moisten both sides of the cheque or other document with petroleum or other
suitable hydro-carbon which has the effect of evenly distributing the paraffine or
its equivalent through the body of the paper or other material.
It is evident that in carrying my Invention into effect the paraffine or its
equivalent may be previously melted or a solution thereof made, and the cheque or
other document afterwards passed through the same.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MACERATION OR STEEPING OF BEETROOT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Sylvere Lobry, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
41, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR THE MACERATION OR STEEPING OF BEETROOT IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SUGAR." A communication from abroad by Sylvere Lobry, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
This Invention relates to an apparatus to be employed after the pressure operated
upon the pulp contained in sacks or bags by the preparatory table, the sacks or bags
to be afterwards placed in the hydraulic press. It produces an equal maceration or
steeping of all the sacks or bags, and this maceration or steeping after a moment's
action, will suffice to greatly facilitate the second pressure, and obtain one half per
cent. more in weight of sugar from the beetroots.
to
The apparatus is fixed on the preparatory table itself, and consists of a small
iron, copper, or other metallic box, of a length and width equal to the sacks or
bags to be macerated or steeped (about 25 inches long, 17 inches wide, and
14 inches high). On one of the sides of the box is adapted a copper pipe, and & tap
or cock placed on this pipe, within reach of the workman, serves to establish the
pressure in the box, and as the bottom is perforated this pressure is exerted on all
parts of the sack or bag.
After the pressure has been exerted on the first sack or bag, the workman removes
it to the hydraulic press, and the operation is continued on the second sack or bag,
and so on until all the sacks or bags are removed, and then the tap or cock is closed,
and a new pile of sacks or bags is brought forward on the table. For the whole
operation the opening and closing of one tap or cock is sufficient.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings A is an iron support for fixing the
apparatus on the table; B is the iron or other metallic box, distributing the liquid
for the maceration or steeping of the sacks or bags; C is the supply pipe to the
box; D is the tap or cock to establish the pressure; E is the perforated plate.