AN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH FOR RAILWAY TRAINS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustaf Dalström at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1880.
GUSTAF DALSTRÖM, of Hultsfred, Sweden, Civil Engineer. AN ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPH FOR RAILWAY TRAINS."
This Invention consists in arranging telegraph wires along lines of railway and
in connection with trains, in such manner as by simple apparatus to place each
running train in uninterrupted telegraphic communication with the various stations,
as also with every other train on the same line. By means of this Invention any
train may be stopped by signal anywhere on the line, and collisions thus bo
prevented.
The Invention consists of two parts, 1, the specially arranged conducting wiro;
and 2. the apparatus by which communication between such "wire and the train is
established.
Tho conducting wire supported (properly insulated) by arms from the tolograph
poles, or in any other way, is freely suspended the wholo way between the stations
at as nearly as possible a uniform hoight above the rails, and equally distant
throughout (or nearly as may be) from the centre line of the railway track.
This may be attained by doubling the wire at the points of suspension, as shown
at A, A, in Fig. 1, or by suspending the wire by chains or wires from the arms
of the telegraph poles, in which case a single line of wire will suffice, as shown in
Fig. 2. A single set of poles can be used for suspending the wires of two different.
railway lines running parallel and close to each other, the poles boing then arranged
between the two lines. By connecting these two wires at certain points the trains
of the two lines will be put in direct telegraphic communication. If there be
sovoral railway lines side by side the wires may be supported on cross pieces situate
above and crossing the rails, such cross pieces being supported by a sufficient
number of poles.
The wires may either be single or consist each of sovoral finer wires twisted
together, and inade of iron or other metal.

page_text: The wire may be arranged either in line with the centro line of the track or
otherwise.
Such wires may, it will be understood, be used also for the usual telegraphic
purposes between the stations. The same poles or cross pieces may also be employed
for also supporting and suspending other telegraph wires.
The apparatus that effects the connection between the wire and the train is a
light roll of metal, provided, if necessary, with flanges, and carried by some carriago
or vehicle of the train in such a manner that the telegraph wire constantly rests
upon the roll, as shown at B, in Fig. 1. The axis of the roll may be placed in any
position from the horizontal to tho vertical.
Instead of one roll two vertical rolls may be used, the one provided with a flange
at the lower end, as shown in elevation and plan, Figs. 3 and 4.
Figs. 5 and 6 show, in elevation and plan respectively, another arrangement for
establishing the connection between the train and the wire. It consists of throo
rolls, one horizontal with flanges, and two vortical. Their axes are in tho samo
plane, and the flanges of the horizontal roll move within hollows in the vertical
rolls.
Figs. 7 and 8 shew, in elevation and plan respectively, another arrangement
which comprises four rolls, two horizontal and two vortical. All the rolls may have
either straight or curved outsides.
To the roll or rolls as above the electric current is transferred, and it is conducted
thence directly by means of a special wire to a common telegraph apparatus in
the carriago or vehicle, and which is to be usod when telegraphing. From the
apparatus the current is conducted through a wire to the covering-plates of the
carriage or directly to the frame of the carriage and the rails.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filod
by the said Gustaf Dalström in the Groat Seal Patent Office on the 13th
August 1880.
GUSTAF DALSTRÖM, of Hultsfred, Sweden, Civil Engineer. "AN ELECTRIC
TELEGRAPH FOR RAILWAY TRAINS."
This Invention consists in arranging telegraph wiros along lines of railway and
in connection with trains, in such mannor as by simple apparatus to place each
running train in uninterrupted telographic communication with the various stations,
as also with every other train on the same lino. By means of this Invention
any train may be stopped by signal anywhere on the line, and collisions thus be
provented.
The Invention consists of two parts, 1, the specially arranged conducting wire :
and 2, the apparatus by which communication between such wire and the train is
established.
The conducting wire supported (properly insulated) by arins froin the telegraph
polos, or in any other way, is freely suspended the whole way between the stations
at as nearly as possible a uniform height above the rails, and equally distant
throughout (as nearly as may be) from the centre line of the railway track.
This may be attained by doubling the wire at the points of suspension, as shown
at A, A, in Fig. 1, or by suspending the wire by chains or wires from the arms
of the telegraph poles, in which caso a single line of wire will suffice, as shown in
Fig. 2. A single set of poles can be used for suspending the wires of two different
railway-lines running parallel and close to oach other, the poles being then arranged
between the two lines. By connecting these two wires at cortain points the trains
of the two lines will bo put in direct telegraphic communication. If there be
several railway lines side by sido, the wires may bo supported on cross-picces situate
above and crossing tho rails, such cross-pieces boing supported by a sufficient
number of poles.
The wires may either be single or consist each of soveral finer wires twisted
together and inado of iron or other metal.
The wire may be arranged either in line with the central line of the track,
or at a greater or less distance therefrom.
Such wiros may, it will be understood, be used also for the usual telegraphic
purposes between the stations. The same poles or cross-pieces may also be employed
for also supporting and suspending other telegraph wiros.
The apparatus that effects the connection between the wire and the train is a
light roll of metal, provided, if necessary, with danges, and carried by some carriago
or vehicle of the train, in such a manner that the telegraph wire constantly rests
upon the roll, as shew at B, in Fig. 1. The axis of the roll may be placod in any
position from the horizontal to the vertical.
Instead of ono roll two vertical rolls may be used, the one provided with a flange
at the lower end, as shown in elevation and plan, Figs. 3 and 4.
Figs. 5 and 6 shown, in elevation and plan respoctively, another arrangement for
ostablishing the connection between the train and the wire. It consists of threo
rolls, one horizontal with flanges, and two vertical. Their axes are in the same
plane, and the flanges of the horizontal roll move within the hollow vertical
rolls.
Figs. 7 and 8 shew, in elevation and plan respectively, another arrangement which
comprises four rolls, two horizontal and two vertical. All the rolls may have either
straight or curved outsides.
To the roll or rolls as above the electric curront is transferred, and it is conducted
thenco directly by means of a special wire to a common telegraph apparatus in the
carriage or vehicle and which is to be used when tolographing. From the apparatus

page_text: the current is conducted through a wire to the covering-plates of the carriage, or
directly to the frame of the carriage and the rails.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and explained the manner
of carrying it into practical effect, I would have it understood that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to me under the Lettors
Patent herein before in part recited is,―
1. The method, substantially as hereinbefore described, of establishing electric
telegraphic communication in connection with railway trains, in such manner that
signals or messages may be exchanged between running trains and stations, or
between different trains on the same line or on adjacent lines.
2. Providing double lines of telegraphic wire at the points of suspension,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbeloro described with reference to Fig. 1
of the Drawing.
3. The arrangement in which the telegraph wire rests constantly on one or
more rolls of metal through which the current is conducted to a folegraph
apparatus in the carriage which carries the roll or rolls, substantially as described
with reference to the Drawing.
In witness whoreof, J, the said Gustaf Dalström, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundrod and eighty.
GUSTAF DALSTRÖM (L.S.)