CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEAM ENGINE
Year: 1805

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
DEVERELL, of Blackwall, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS is most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom of Great Britain
and ficland, beaning date at Westminster, the Second day of August, in the
forty-fifth year of His reign, give and giant unto me, the said William
Devciell, my exois, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence, that I, the said
William Deverell, my exois, adññiois, and assigns, should and lawfully might,
during the term of years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Bei wick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEAM ENGINE," in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said William Deverell,
by an instrument in waiting under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
desciption of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to he inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancel y
within one calendar month after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, ielation being thereunto had, may more fully and at
laige appea
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Deverell, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described in
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following description thereof (that is
to say)
-
First, the manner and form of constructing the fireplace, or, in other
words, using on for the boiler to lay on, instead of brickwork or other
composition
Secondly, the manner and way of using the steam.

page_text: Thirdly, my improvement on the cold liquor pump.
These are my improvements, which I proceed to describe as follows -
First, Figure 1, the steam boiler. A, A, A, three iron cillenders, used
instead of brickwork. All these cillenders are to be full of water, and may be
connected to the steam boiler, as shewn at B, B, B, or in any other way most
convenient. These cillenders may be made to answer any shaped boiler, and
they can be cleaned easily out by taking off the flanches at C, C, C. Instead of
being in three detached cillenders, they may be cast whole or made of wrought
iron to form the fireplace, but which will be attended with more trouble; and
such cillendes oi cillender may be made of any convenient shape or form
These cillenders may also be used to a very great advantage where luge
boilers are already set, and, being applied to engines of vanous powers, will,
with the same fuel, be capable of doing considerable more work with the steam
ausing therefrom.
In the picsent mode of setting boilers the bich work
underneath them is attended with frequent repaus, owing to the action of the
fine upon them. Noi is this expence the only inconvenience attendant upon
them, the whole concern is, for the time they are repauing, wholly stopped.
In short, these cillendeis may be set to advantage under boilers or coppers of
any description. Fig 2 is a section of Fig. 1, Fig. 3, the end view of Fig 6.
When the steam comes from the steam boileı it will enter into the cillende A,
Fig 3, by means of a valve or cock, opening it, will press the piston down
from A to B in Fig. 6, it will then enter Fig 4, which is an end view of the
steam vessel at the end of the stroke, which will be full of steam of about
eighteen pounds dinsity, filled from the steam boiler Fig. 1
But Fig. 4 will
be alternately hereafter supplied from Fig 6, and Fig. 7 will be supplied from
Fig 4. At the same time as the piston in Fig 6 begins to descend so will
the piston in Fig 7; for Fig. 4 will supply Fig 5, which is an end view of
Fig. 7 with steam, at the same time as Fig 6 receives the steam from the
boiler By so doing the two pistons will work alternately to and again by
means of valves or cocks opening and shutting, as in the common engines.
Fig. 4 may be twenty-six times the contents of the cillender, Fig. 6, the
If the steam
laiger it is the more regular the pressure will be on the pistons
be of fifty-four pounds density in the boiler, the difference of the two working
cillenders may be as one to three, for, as three times eighteen are fifty-four, the
smaller one will supply the larger one with steam of eighteen pounds density,
on thereabouts; but the density may be vaned if thought proper; but I con-
ceive the above proportions to answer the purpose best. My improvement
here is that of the steam going fiom Fig. 6 to Fig. 4, and then fiom Fig. 4 to
Fig. 7, from which it is condensed. By this means the engine will bo

page_text: so regula in its operations that it will work pumps or any other machinery.
The steam in the boiler Fig 1 being fifty-four pounds density, the cillender
Fig 6 at the end of the stroke will be full of steam of the same or nearly the
same density, and Fig. 4 being full of steam of eighteen pounds density, or
thereabout, the communication being open between Fig. 6 and Fig. 4, the
steam in each of these will be twenty pounds density. little more or less, but
at the end of each stroke of the pistons, before the opening is made between
Fig. 6 and Fig 4, the steam will be m Fig 6 fifty-four pounds density, oi
thereabout, in Fig 4 eighteen pounds density, little more or less, and also in
Fig. 7 eighteen pounds density, little more or less. Therefore the medium
pressure on the piston Fig. 6 will be thuty-five pounds, little more or less, on
the inch, for the reaction will be at the beginning of the stroke, about twenty
pounds on the mch, and at the end about eighteen pounds density The
medium pressure of the steam on the piston Fig. 7 will be about nineteen
pounds on the inch, for at the beginning of the stroke the pressure will be
about twenty pounds on the inch, at the end of the stroke it will be about
eighteen pounds pressure It the steam vessel Fig 4 be made larger, the
difference at each end of the stroke will not be so great. Was the steam let
out at fifty-four pounds density to the open au from the cillender Fig 6. the
pressure on the piston would be as thuty-mne pounds upon the inch, or nearly
for the atmosphere, re-acting as a spring of fifteen pounds, or nearly so,
upon the mch, leaves thuty-nine pounds, or the cabout
pass from Fig 6 to the steam vessel Fig 4, instead of letting it out to the
open air, it loses four pounds, or nearly so, on the inch; but it gains on a
piston three times as large about twelve pounds on the inch, and there being
but half the steam to condense as in the common way, there will be a gain of
considerable value Jf the fiction of the piston be nine pounds on the inch in
the small cillendler Fig. 6, there will be but thuty pounds on the inch in neat
power, or nearly so, when the lager one will work about twelve pounds upon
the inch neat power
The steam vessel will be best made of wood, that the
steam may not condense or it may be made of metal, but wood is preferable,
and it may be made of what figure or shape that may be found most conve-
nient The steam vessel has a valve placed in some convenient part for
regulating the steam The two piston rods may both be connected to the one
end of the beam The large cillender should be shorter than the small one, or
agrecable to that which is fixed nearest the end of the beam The cillendeı
may also be placed in the steam vessel Fig. 4, or in the steam boiler Fig. 1,
o in any other place that may be most convenient
piston, or air pump condensor, oi cold liquor pump, should be out of order. the
small pistou may still be worked by disengaging the large piston from the
SO,
By letting the steam
If the large eylender o

page_text: beam; on the other hand, if the smaller piston be out of order, the large one
may still be worked by disengaging the smaller. Fig 8, a section of the cold
liquor pump. A, the piston; B, the rod; C, where the rod is made fast to
the piston A, D, the pump bairel or cellender; E, the feed pipe, F, the
under valve; G, the delivering valve; H, the delivering pipe; I, I, the
packing round the piston, K, K, two bolts for screwing down the packing,
L, L, a place for oil or water, to keep the air from passing by the piston, M,
a pin to take out to let water through the piston into the pump banel to
displace the air; N, a ball that is lifted and let down by a sinall chain made fast
to the pin O This ball is kept off from its seat by the small chain fastened
to the pin O, so that all gravel and sand shall fall into the cistern Q; and
when the cistern Q is full, the ball N is let down, and the valve R is lifted by
the line at S, through which the gravel or sand or any other rubbish will fall
out; the valve R. then must be let down and the ball N lifted. But this may
be done in many other ways The bairel D may be round, or square, or oval,
or any figure that is thought proper, as well as the piston A, which also may be
made solid. The water may be delivered though valves at T, T, and the
same feed pipe will supply two pumps, as in the common way. The water
may be delivered at W, or at what height in the main it will be necessary
Fig. 9, a double pump on the same principle, but no valves on pipes shewn.
Each of these pumps will make their vacuum according to the size of the
piston and length of the stroke.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Deverell, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Fnst day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand ocht hundred and five