Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of Wrought Iron and Steel Tubes or Pipes for Conveying Liquids, Steam, Gas, and Air.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of Wrought Iron
and Steel Tubes or Pipes for Conveying Liquids, Steam, Gas,
and Air.
We, SAMPSON SAMUEL LLOYD of the Firm of Lloyd and Lloyd of Nile
Street, Birmingham in the County of Warwick Tube Manufacturers and
WILLIAM JOSEPH GEARY of No. 430 Gillott Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham
aforesaid Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the joint flanges or collars on the ends of wrought iron
or steel tubes or pipes used for conveying liquids, steam gas and air, the flange on
the end of one tube being bolted to the flange on the adjacent tube to join the two
tubes together as is well understood; and our said invention consists of the process
hereinafter described of forming the joint flanges or collars on the ends of the said
tubes or pipes and in the tools used in conducting the said process also hereinafter
described.
We will describe our process of manufacture in conjunction with the tools which
we employ.
We take a wrought iron or steel tube or pipe of a length somewhat greater than
the finished tube is required to have and we shrink on the tube at a short distance
from its end, a malleable iron ring smaller in outside diameter and consequently
longer than the finished collar. We place the tube thus prepared in a cylindrical
die in which it fits closely, the said die being fixed on the bed of a hydraulic or
other press. The mouth of the die consists of a cylindrical cavity of a diameter
greater than that part in which the tube fits, and on the square shoulder formed
between the two parts of the die, the ring shrunk on the end of the tube rests.
The punch used with this die has a nose of the same external diameter as the
interior of the tube, and the part above the nose has the same diameter as the
expanded mouth of the die, in which the ring and end of the tube are situated.
The nose part of the punch joins the part of larger diameter above it, by a curved
shoulder. By the descent of the punch its curved shoulder expands outwards or
gives a bell mouth to the end of the tube and thereby closes it upon the edge of
the ring shrunk on the tube near its end.
The tube thus treated is removed from the die and the bell mouthed end of the
tube and the ring are raised to a welding heat and the tube placed in a die of the
same kind as that already described but with the last named die we use a punch
having a square shoulder, instead of a rounded shoulder.
The heated bell mouthed end of the tube and its ring having been placed in the
mouth of the die, the punch is made to descend upon the heated mass in the die.
By the operation of the punch and die the end of the tube and ring are compressed
together and welded into a solid mass by the action of the square shoulder of the
puuch and square shoulder of the mouth of the die. During the shaping, com-
pressing and welding operations described, the nose of the punch enters and supports
the interior of the end of the tube.
There is thus formed on the end of the tube, and virtually solid therewith, a
strong collar which constitutes the joint flange by which the end of the tube is
secured to the joint flange on the end of the adjoining tube as is well understood.

page_text: Although we prefer to work the movable tools by hydraulic pressure yet they
may be otherwise worked.
Flanged tubes or pipes made according to our invention, in consequence of the
great strength of their joint flanges, are especially useful for conveying steam,
liquids and compressed air of high pressure.
Dated this Second day of January 1895
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
Improvements in and Tools for the Manufacture of Wrought Iron
and Steel Tubes or Pipes for Conveying Liquids, Steam, Gas,
and Air.
We, SAMPSON SAMUEL LLOYD of the Firm of Lloyd and Lloyd, of Nile
Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tube Manufacturers, and
WILLIAM JOSEPH GEARY, of No. 430 Gillott Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham,
aforesaid, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the joint Hauges or collars on the ends of wrought iron
or steel tubes or pipes for conveying liquids, steam, gas and air against which
flanges or collars the loose bolting rings bear when two of the said tubes are
connected together end to end in the ordinary way; and our said invention consists
of the process hereinafter described of forming the joint flanges or collars on the
ends of the said tubes or pipes and in the tools used in conducting the said process
also herein after described.
We will describe our process of manufacture in conjunction with the tools which
we employ.
We take a wrought iron or steel tube or pipe of a length somewhat greater than
that the finished tube is required to have and we preferably shrink on the tube at a
short distance from its end a malleable iron or steel ring smaller in external
diameter and longer than the joint flange or collar to be formed on the end of
the tube.
We place the tube thus prepared in a cylindrical die in which it fits closely, the
said die being fixed on the bed of a hydraulic or other press. The mouth of the
die consists of a cylindrical cavity of a diameter greater than that part in which
the tube fits and against the square shoulder formed between the two parts of the
die, the ring shrunk on the end of the tube bears. The punch used with this die
has a nose of the same external diameter as the interior of the tube and the part
above the nose has the same diameter as the expanded mouth of the die in which
the ring and end of the tube are situated. The nose part of the punch joins the
part of larger diameter above it, by a curved shoulder. By the descent of the
punch its curved shoulder expands or gives a bell mouth to the end of the tube and
thereby closes it upon the edge of the ring shrunk on the tube near its end.
The tube thus treated is removed from the die and the bell mouthed end of the
tube and the ring are raised to a welding 'heat and the tube placed in a dic of the
same kind as that already described but with the last named die we use a punchi
having a square shoulder instead of a rounded shoulder.
The heated bell mouthed end of the tube and its ring having 'been placed in the
mouth of the die, the punch is made to descend upon the heated mass in the die.
By the operation of the punch and die the end of the tube and ring are compressed
together and thickened or as is technically called "staved up," the two parts being
welded into a solid mass by the action of the square shoulder of the punch and

page_text: square shoulder or the mouth or the are.
56
During the shaping, compressing
staving up" and welding operations described, the nose of the punch enters and
supports the interior of the end of the tube.
There is thus formed on the end of the tube, and solid therewith a strong collar
which constitutes the joint flange of the said tube.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents the movable punch and fixed
die which we employ in carrying into effect the first stage of the manufacture
constituting our invention, the said punch being in elevation and the die in
longitudinal section. In the said die is a pipe or tube having a ring preferably
shrunk on it near its end ready for the operation of the punch:
Figure 2 represents the die with the pipe and shrunk ring therein in end
elevation:
Figure 3 represents the same parts as Figure 1 after the advance of the punch.
Figure 4 represents the movable punch and fixed die which we employ in
carrying into effect the second stage of our manufacture with a pipe or tube, after
having been operated upon by the punch and die Figures 1 and 3, in position ready
for the operation of the punch Figure 4.
Figure 5 represents the same parts as Figure 4 after the operation of the
punch.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
The punch Figures 1 and 3 consists of a cylindrical rod the front end or nose
part a of which is of smaller diameter than the rear end a², the said smaller front
end passing into the larger rear end by a concave shoulder a¹. The extreme end
of the nose part a is rounded. The rear end a² terminates in a flange a³ and
screw at by which screw the punch is fixed to the ram of a hydraulic press. The
nose part a of the punch has an external diameter suitable to fit internally the pipes
or tubes on which the punch is to operate.
The die is made up of two halves marked respectively b, 63 in Figure 2 in each
of which is a semi-cylindrical hollow part, the hollow part being of larger diameter
at the front end 3 of the die than at the rear or main part of the die. The main
part of the die has an internal diameter equal to the external diameter of the pipes
or tubes to be operated upon.
In carrying out the first stage of our improved manufacture a malleable iron or
steel ring d is shrunk on, and near, the end of the pipe or tube c the part of the
tube projecting beyond the ring d being marked c². The said tube c, having upon
it the ring d, is placed in the die 6, 62 the inner end of the ring d bearing against
the shoulder of the die. The punch a, a', a² is advanced into the die the nose
part a entering the end of the pipe or tube and supporting it internally. On the
concave shoulder a' of the punch coming against the projecting end e² of the pipe
or tube c the said end c² is expanded or made bell mouthed as seen in Figure 3.
The punch is now withdrawn and the first stage of the manufacture is completed.
The loose bolting rings which are used with flanged tubes are sometimes made
in one piece and sometimes in two or three parts. When the loose bolting rings
are in one piece they are passed on to the pipes or tubes before the rings d are
shrunk thereon and occupy during the operation herein before described a position
external to and at the rear end of the die.
The tube having been removed from the die Figure 3 its end e² and ring d are
heated to a welding heat. It is then replaced in the die and operated upon by a
punch e, e', e, Figures 4 and 5, differing from the punch a, a, a, Figures 1 and 3,
in the respect that the shoulder el at the junction of the nose part e, with the larger
rear end of the said punch is square; that is, the said shoulder makes a right
angle with the axis of the punch.
On the advance of the said punch e, e', e² into the die the square shoulder e¹
operating upon the heated bell mouthed end c² of the pipe or tube c forces the said
heated metal before it and compresses, thickens or "staves up" and welds together
the end c² of the said pipe c and its ring d the said welded parts being fashioned

page_text: into a flange or collar of the kind represented at f Figure 5 between the square
shoulder of the punch and the square shoulder of the die.
By the method of manufacture herein before described the end flanges or collars
of pipes or tubes can be made of a strength unattainable by the ordinary methods
of manufacture.
Although we prefer to work the movable tools by hydraulic pressure yet they
may be otherwise worked.
Flanged tubes or pipes made according to our invention in consequence of the
great strength of their joint flanges or collars are especially useful for conveying
steam, liquids and compressed air of high pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we claim as our
invention of "Improvements in and tools for the manufacture of wrought iron and
steel tubes or pipes for conveying liquids, steam, gas and air."
First. The method of forming the end or joint flanges or collars of wrought iron
or steel tubes or pipes herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, the said method of manufacture consisting in first shrinking on the tubes
near their ends short rings of an external diameter less than that of the flange or
collar to be made and of a length somewhat greater than the length of the said
flange or collar and by a pressing operation expanding the end of the tube or pipe
projecting beyond the ring so as to give the said end a bell mouthed figure; then
raising the end of the pipe or tube and its ring to a welding heat and operating
upon it preferably in a hydraulic press so as to compress, and thicken or "stave up"
and weld the metal of the end of the tube and its ring together and form therefrom
the flange or collar solid with the tube substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The pairs of tools used in the process of manufacture hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the first pair of tools
consisting of a movable punch and fixed die, both having different diameters at
different parts, the front or nose part of the punch having a diameter equal to the
smaller internal diameter of the die less the thickness of the metal of the tubes or
pipes to be operated upon by the punch and die and the rear part of the punch
having a diameter equal to that of the mouth of the die, the smaller or nose part of
the punch passing into the larger rear part by a concave shoulder, the junction
between the mouth or internally larger part of the die and the main part of the
said die being square substantially as described and represented; the second pair
of tools consisting of a die similar to that of the first claimed pair of tools together
with a punch differing only from that of the first claimed punch in the respect that
the shoulder at the junction of the smaller or nose part with the larger rear part is
square substantially as described and represented.
Dated the 12th day of September 1895.
SAMPSON SAMUEL LLOYD.
WILLIAM JOSEPH GEARY.