IMPROVEMENT IN FLEXIBLE TUBING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harwood Wakeman, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENT IN FLEXIBLE
TUBING."
the 9th March 1877, and dated the 23rd November 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Harwood Wakeman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1876.
HARWOOD WAKEMAN, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America. "IMPROVEMENT IN FLEXIBLE TUBING."
This Invention is primarily for protecting the flexible tubing from wear; I also
improve the tubing itself.
Tubes that are used for conveying air or other fluids to engines and machinery
in mines are subject to wear, and the internal pressure is supported by the material
of the hose only. The same is true in regard to the flexible hose employed to
connect the air brakes in railway cars.
To strengthen the hose and to protect it from wear I employ a metallic armor
composed of wires laid together to form a yielding armor surrounding the flexible
tube; this metallic armor is either a woven netting of iron or other metallic wire,
preferably running diagonally, so as to be slightly elastic, or it is composed of
interlaced springs or helices laid together, and then wrapped around the tube
and secured at the edges. The ends of the wire armor are to be clamped to the
couplings.
Where the hose is made of leather there is a longitudinal incision near each edge,
and the projecting tongue thus formed locks into the channel of the next edge, and
the parts are rivetted together; this makes the joint of the leather perfectly water-
tight.
This leather hose may be used with or without the metallic armor, and the
metallic armor may be applied to india-rubber, leather, or other hose.

page_text: the said Harwood Wakeman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
May 1877.
HARWOOD WAKEMAN, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLEXIBLE TUBING."
This Invention is primarily for protecting the tubing from wear;
the tubing itself.
I also improvo
Tubes that are used for conveying air or other fluids to engines and machinery
in mines are subjected to wear, and the internal pressure is supported by the
material of the hose only. The same is true in regard to the flexible hose employed
to connect the air brakes in railway cars.
To strengthen the hose and to protect it from wear I employ a metallic armor
composed of wires laid together to form a yielding armor surrounding the flexible
tubes. This metallic armor is either a woven netting of iron or other metallic wire.
preferably running diagonally, so as to be slightly elastic, or it is composed of inter-
laced springs or helices laid together, and then wrapped around the tube and secured
at the edges. The ends of the wire armor are to be clamped to the couplings.
Where the hose is made of leather there is a longitudinal incision near each edge,
and the projecting tongues thus formed lock into the channel of the next edge, and
the parts are rivetted together; this makes the joint of the leather perfectly water-
tight.
This leather hose may be used with or without the metallic armor, and the
metallic armor may be applied to india-rubber, leather, or other hose.
In the Drawing,
Figs. 1 and 2 are elevations representing the flexible tubing covered with the
armor.
Fig. 3 is a section at the line a, a, Fig. 2; and „, 4 is a section showing the
improved joint for leather hose.
In Fig. 1 the armor a is what is known as "wire netting," preferably cut
diagonally to the lines of wires, and rolled up around the elastic or flexible tubing b
the edges of the wire netting being united by a lacing of wire.
In Figs. 2 and 3 the metallic armor is made of ranges of metallic wire helices
or springs connected to each other, flattened and drawn around the tubing, and the
edges united by bindings of wire, or by a helix introduced to join the adjacent
helices. The end of the armor is secured to the metallic coupling c by the binding
wire d, or otherwise.
Either covering forms a very strong and flexible armor that yields when the tube
is coiled or bent, and straightens the tube when unwound; it prevents the tube
touching and wearing against any other substance; it supports the tube, both
longitudinally, peripherally, and maintains the cylindrical shape of the tube, whether
under pressure or vacuum action.
I prefer to cover the armor and tubing with tar, into which india-rubber is mixed
by the addition of a mutual solvent, such as bisulphate of carbon or naptha.
The improved lap joint for leather hose is shown in Figs. 1 and 4; it is made by
under-cutting or channelling the opposite surfaces of the leather that come together
so as to form the tongues e, f, running longitudinally at a sufficient distance from
the edge to allow for these tongues interlocking, as shown. By this construction
the edges of the tongues are received into the channels, and compressed by the
closing of the lap and the riveting of the same together. It is impossible for water
to escape past these tongues; hence it is only necessary to introduce the rivets at
the proper distance apart to ensure the strength necessary to withstand the
pressure.
If desired india-rubber or other cement may be applied to the surfaces of the
interlocking tongues.

page_text: The joint between one length of the hose and the next is usually made diagonal
and secured by rivets, and I provide the interlocking tongues upon the contiguous
surfaces of this joint.
What I claim as my Invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,—
First. The elastic or flexible hose or tube surrounded by a flexible metallic wire
armor, substantially as specified.
Second. The flexible or elastic tubing and metallic wire armor protected by a
coating of tar, as set forth.
Third. The leather hose provided with the interlocking tongues standing in
opposite directions upon the surfaces of the lap which come in contact, substantially
as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Harwood Wakeman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, A.D. 1877.
Witnesses,
CHIA. H. SMITH, 76, Chambers St., N.Y.
GEO. T. PINCKNEY,,,
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HARWOOD WAKEMAN. (L.S.)