IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS APPLICABLE ALSO AS PUMPS AND THE LIKE
Year: 1884

page_text: I ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTORS APPLICABLE ALSO AS PUMPS AND THE LIKE" and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a special construction applicable to motors, pumps and
similar machines especially for high speeds.
In the Drawings-
Figure 1 is an elevation.
Figure 2 section on line I J Figure 5.
Figure 3 is an elevation.
Figure 4 horizontal section on line A B Figure 1.
Figure 5 vertical section on line C D Figure 3.
Figure 6 half-section on line F G Figure 5 and Figure 7 is a plan of the
engine.
The machine consists of two parts each forming a distinct engine which parts
are symmetrically placed and act on the crank shaft, the crank pins of which are
diametrically opposite to one another. The operation of these engines resembles
that of the so called "Root" engines from which however they differ in so much
that the steam is supplied in a different manner and that a double crank shaft is
used instead of a solid eccentric.
With each crank pin a piston is connected by suitable bearings which may be
made in two pieces and screwed together, suitable stops prevent the pistons
following the rotation of the crank pins, but they follow the movement of the
latter by moving up and down in suitable movable frames having horizontal
motion in cages formed by the partition separating the spaces wherein the two
pistons move, and by suitable castings.
Each cage comprises a platform secured by screws. The whole is supported by
an outer casing which may be made in two parts. The top part may be provided
with the valve for starting and stopping, the bottom part forms a part of or is
secured to the bed or base of the motor and accommodates the supply and exhaust
гр..... "

page_text: pipes. The portions or sections of the outer casing are bolted together. The
whole motor is so arranged that none of its essential parts appear on the outside.
Suitable lubricating devices are provided.
The platform hereinabove referred to has suitable orifices for the passage of
steam through which the same passes to an annular space in the outer part of the
machine which through a suitable valve and ports carries it to one or the other
face of each piston as required, whilst the steam is exhausted from the other face.
The steam distributing devices are connected with the main shaft and springs
serve to compensate for wear. The valve gear is controlled by levers.
The construction above described is that for a steam-engine but the same is
applicable with slight modifications to motors operated by air, gas water or other
fluid or to pumps and the like as will be readily understood.
The operation of each of these parts of this machine somewhat resembles that of
the American "Root" machines from which it differs by the method of supply and
the use of a crank a instead of a solid eccentric. On each of the wrist pins are
mounted interior cylinders b by means of bearings c made in two pieces and
screwed. A set screw prevents their following the rotary movement of the
journals. The pistons follow the movement of the crank by means of vertical
displacement in two movable frames d which move horizontally in cages formed by
the stay e the pieces fand plates which carry the ports and are fixed by screws t
to the rest of the parts.
The whole is mounted on a shell made in two parts, the upper part g carries a
valve k for stopping and starting the machine. The lower part / forms the bed
and serves to attach the whole by and it carries the steam pipes. The two parts
are connected by bolts. To understand the operation of the machine (none of the
principal parts whereof are seen upon its outside, which gives it the appearance of
a rotary motor) it is only required to trace the path of the steam or other fluid in
it. It arrives from the boiler by the tube Z goes round the outer casing and
arrives to the upper part g passes by valve k and expands in ; screwed upon the
piece where the lubricator r supplies a lubricant thereto. From Jit passes to
the platforın by orifice 1 and by the conduits 2 to 3. The fluid then passes
through a movable piece p with four openinge corresponding with the ports 5.
A conical distributing valve causes the supply openings successively to be in
communication with the ports 5 allowing the fluid to act on the faces of the
piston b or of frame d as may be required.
The distributing valve carries an orifice 8 placed diametrically to those
marked 6 and 7 which allows the fluid to escape from one piston-face whilst it is
admitted to the other.
The escaping steam expands in the annular space g and by an arrangement
similar to that for the supply goes to the platform I. It then arrives into escape
pipe X by conduits 10 and 11. The pieces band d have grooves which receives
slight rods or bors having the same object as the segments of piston in cylinder
engines. The distributing valves O are keyed upon the shaft but are free to move
horizontally under the effect of springs so as to compensate for wear and should
water arrive to them they will move from their seats thus avoiding fracture.
The pieces p are movable so as to allow the cut-off to be varied by their
adjustment with relation to orifices 5 of the supply-parts. Levers 9 act upon
these and may be operated separately or together and in the latter case may be
operated by a regulator so as to obtain automatic adjustment of the cut-off in
accordance with the requisite power. A single automatic lubricator is provided
on the steam supply the lubricant being carried by the steam to the parts
requiring it.
By reason of its construction this motor is capable of working at very high
speeds; that shown full size in the Drawings is of one horse power nominal
mean pressure of 5 kilogramms pr square centimeter, it makes 900 to
1200 revolutions per minute when at noderate speed. It may without fear of
fracture of any of its parts work at 2500 revolutions per minute. It occupies an
at a

page_text: exceedingly small space and requires no foundation. All strains produced by the
alternating motion become neutralized upon the shaft. It may be readily fixed on
a wall so as to directly work a driving shaft or upon the frame of a machine for
driving a tool. It is suited for driving directly high speeded apparatus such as
ventilators, centrifugal pumps, electrical apparatus etcetera. By placing the shaft
vertically it can be applied to turbines, hydro extractors, mills etcetera of any kind.
If of more or less considerable size it may be used like any other engine and for
all purposes especially as a small workshop motor for actuating machine tools and
for all moving apparatus.
It is extremely advantageous for actuating vehicles, locomotives, steam carriages,
velocipedes and the like as it does not, like the ordinary motors produce the
vibrations which so rapidly injure these structures. It may be readily mounted
and may be fitted very close to the screw or even on the rudder.
In vessels of considerable tonnage it will permit engine-space to be reduced
to a minimum and the complete absence of parts requiring much inspection or
maintenance allow it to run without interruption and for a long time. Wear can
be taken up without requiring new parts and the only care it requires is that the
engine must not be allowed to run for half an hour without lubrication.
It may be driven not only by steam but also by compressed air, carbonic acid
expanding after liquefaction and by any compressed gas. By dispensing with the
cut-off device, it may be used as a hydraulic motor or as a pump (for either
suction or force) for all kinds of gas and liquid.
Having now described the said Invention and the manner of performing the
same as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent I wish it to be
understood that what I claim is-
First A steam motor or engine consisting of two parts each constituting a
distinct engine and consisting of the interior pistons b mounted on the crank and
moving in the movable frames d which have traversing motion in the cages
separated by the partition and pieces f and special steam distributing devices k
Bupply pipe Z and exhaust pipes x and z¹ the whole as described and shown in the
accompanying Drawing and operating as set forth.
Second-The employment of a crank shaft a on which the pistons of the
engine are mounted and follow the rotation of the said shaft.
Third The construction of the engine as a whole as described and for the
purpose specified.
Fourth: The special manner in which the steam is conducted, having for its
object to lubricate all the parts of the engine by a single lubricator placed in the
steam supply pipe.
Dated this 19th day of February 1884.