Improvements in and connected with Hot-water Apparatus of the kind in Use for Domestic Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 8th Feb. 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Hot-water Apparatus of the
kind in Use for Domestic Purposes.
I, WILLIAM SHERATON EDERINGTON, of Beechwood, Norton, in the County
of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to hotwater apparatus of the kind in use for domestic
purposes and embraces certain details of construction together with the mode of
setting the boiler in position.
As at present constructed and arranged for domestic purposes, the hotwater
apparatus is defective in these respects: Firstly, a liability to explosion of the
hoiler by the sealing up of the relief pipes whether by frost or otherwise which
cuts off the safety valves from the pressure in the boiler. Secondly, the difficulty
and almost the impossibility of cleansing the boiler of sediment and Thirdly, the
difficulty and expense of removing or disconnecting the boiler from its seat and
connections for examination or the like purpose.
The object of this invention is to obviate these defects by an arrangement of
parts which will induce the requisite circulation of water from the boiler to the
cylinder through a system of pipes in no part of which water can remain at rest in
the cold state.
This prevents freezing in the pipes and admits of provision being made to extend
the circulation to the cistern to keep the water there above the freezing point in
hard weather, and furthermore the said arrangement of pipes affords the requisite
facilities for washing out the boiler at any time.
A further object of my invention is to so construct and arrange the brickwork,
forming the boiler seat and flue, that the top of the boiler with the usual opening
therein is exposed and accessible, and the boiler easily disconnected and bodily
removed without disturbing the adjoining brickwork.
In the apparatus arranged according to my said invention I provide two pipes
extending horizontally from the boiler at different levels, and connect these
pipes together so that the water in the boiler can circulate through them.
Connections from these pipes lead up to the hotwater cylinder also at different
levels corresponding to the difference of level of their inlets into the boiler. A.
supply pipe from the cistern discharges cold water into the cylinder where it is
partially warmed and then passed on through the lower connection pipe to the
boiler or this supply pipe may of course have a direct connection with the lower
connection or supply pipe of the boiler except that the water would enter the
boiler at the lower temperature at which it leaves the cistern. A pipe extending
upwards from the cylinder is the supply pipe of the house, and this has hitherto
been simply carried up to the level of the water in the cistern with its end left
open as a relief pipe of the apparatus. But it is found in practice that the
water remains staguant in such pipes and becomes cool and easily frozen at a
short distance from the body of hot water in the cylinder. An important.
feature in my invention consists in continuing this pipe in the form of a horse
shoe or siphon back to the lower connection or supply pipe of the boiler, and this
has the effect of maintaining an effective circulation of water through this and all
the pipes of the apparatus. A connection from this pipe into the cistern will

page_text: discharge a sufficient quantity of warm water into the cistern to keep the cistern
water above freezing point in hard weather. An open horse-shoe branch extending
from the highest level of the siphon into the tank is preferably provided to relieve
the water of steam and admit the requisite admixture of air to keep it in good
condition. The safety valve in this arrangement may be regarded as an auxiliary
safeguard only and is mounted on a short branch pipe extending from the horizontal
pipes connected to the boiler, the branch pipe being made short enough to keep the
water in same under the influence of the water circulating through the horizontal
pipes. These pipes are furnished with removable plugs or their equivalents_by
which either of them can be opened and the boiler flushed through it. The
permanent brickwork forming the housing of the boiler is set apart to a greater
width than the boiler dimensions and the partition forming the boiler flue is carried
on a separate support or bridge clear of the boiler top so that the boiler can be set
in position and the connections formed, or can be disconnected and removed without
disturbing the adjoining brickwork except such packing bricks or other material as
may be inserted to close up the spaces on either side of the boiler recess or
housing.
DAL
1
22
1005
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent,
Stockton-on-Tees; Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in and connected with Hot-water Apparatus of the
kind in Use for Domestic Purposes.
I, WILLIAM SHERATON EDERINGTON, of Beechwood, Norton, in the County
of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to hot-water apparatus of the kind in use for domestic
purposes and embraces certain details of construction together with the mode of
setting the boiler in position.
As at present constructed and arranged for domestic purposes the hot-water
apparatus is defective in these respects: Firstly, a liability to explosion of the
boiler by the sealing up of the relief pipes whether by frost or otherwise which cuts
off the safety valves from the pressure in the boiler. Secondly, the difficulty and
almost the impossibility of cleausing the boiler of sediment; and Thirdly, the
difficulty and expense of removing or disconnecting the boiler from its seat and
connections for examination or the like purpose.
The object of this invention is to obviate these defects by an arrangement of
parts which will induce the requisite circulation of water from the boiler to the
cylinder through a system of pipes in no part of which water can remain at rest
in the cold state. This prevents freezing in the pipes and admits of provision being
made to extend the circulation to the cisteru to keep the water there above the
freezing point in hard weather, and furthermore the said arrangement of pipes
affords the requisite facilities for washing out the boiler at any time.
A further object of my invention is to so construct and arrange the brickwork
forming the boiler seat and flue, that the top of the boiler with the usual opening
therein is exposed and accessible, and the boiler casily disconnected and bodily
removed without disturbing the adjoining brickwork.
I would here remark that in working out this invention, I have found out that in
order to maintain a circulation of the water throughout the system of pipes contained
in the apparatus of such energy and temperature that none can freeze, the circuit

page_text: of the pipes must be completed. I have further discovered a convenient mode of
setting the boiler so that it can be readily examined, detached or connected to the
pipes or be bodily removed from its seat without disturbing the adjoining brickwork..
It will also be observed that by my improvements the boiler can be readily cleaned
or scoured out without being disturbed or disconnected, and that hot water can be-
discharged into the cistern in hard weather to prevent freezing, and that the-
boiler can neither become empty by any miscarriage on the part of the apparatus,.
nor. have cold water fed into it unless it is purposely arranged to receive it direct
from the cistern.
And in order that the several improvements comprised in my invention may be
clearly understood and readily carried into effect, I will now proceed to describe.
the same with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
Figure 1 illustrates in front elevation a hot-water apparatus constructed and
arranged according to my invention and embodying the several features thereof.
Figure 2 is a corresponding side view to the right of the apparatus with the
boiler and its seat shown in section; and Figure 3 is a corresponding sectional
plan view of same taken along line X X of Figure 1.
In the drawing, a is the boiler, extending horizontally from which are two
pipes at different levels; these pipes are connected together by the branch b
so that the water in the boiler can circulate through them. Connections c¹ c from
these pipes lead up to the hot-water cylinder d also placed at different levels
corresponding to the difference of level of their inlets into the boiler a.
A supply
pipe e from the cisternf discharges cold water into the cylinder d where it is
partially warmed and then passed on through the lower connection pipe c¹ to the
boiler a, or this supply pipe e may of course have a direct connection with the
lower connection or supply pipe of the boiler except that the water would then
enter the boiler at the lower temperature at which it leaves the cistern.
A pipe g
extending upwards from the cylinder d is the supply pipe of the house, and this has
hitherto been simply carried up to the level of the water in the cistern with its end
left open as a relief pipe of the apparatus. But it is found in practice that the
water remains stagnant in such pipes and becomes cool and easily frozen up at
a short distance from the body of hot water in the cylinder. An important feature
in my invention consists in continuing this pipe 'g in the form of a horse-shoe or
siphon g back to the lower supply pipe c of the boiler by means of the con-
necting pipe, and this has the effect of maintaining an effective circulation
of water through this and all the pipes of the apparatus. A connection h
from this pipe into the cistern will discharge a sufficient quantity of warm
water into the cistern to keep the cistern water above freezing point in hard
weather.
And it should here be explained that the pipe g² is preferably of smaller bore
than the pipe g, otherwise the water is drawn off from the hot water cylinder more
rapidly than is required to maintain an effective circulation of the water through the
apparatus, or a cock may be supplied by which the pipe 9' may be throttled more
or less as required or be wholly shut off and the return current diverted through the
pipe into the cistern and back to the boiler by the delivery e, but in a much cooler
state than when the pipe 92 is in use. Consequently the use of the pipe g³ is to be
preferred on the ground of economy of fuel consumed in generating heat in the
water contained in the boiler. By closing both cocks and 'the circulation of
water is entirely stopped which would be immaterial or optional when the
temperature of the atmosphere is permanently above freezing point.
An open horse-shoe branch extending from the highest level of the siphon into
the tank fis preferably provided to relieve the water of steam and admit the
requisite admixture of air to keep it in good condition. The safety valve k in this
arrangement may be regarded as an auxiliary safeguard only and is mounted on a
short branch pipe extending from the horizontal pipes connected to the boiler,
the branch pipe being made short enough to keep the water it contains under the
influence of the water circulating through the horizontal pipes, that is to say that it.

page_text: is not of sufficient length to contain water cold enough to be easily frozen. These
pipes are furnished with removable plugs or their equivalents by which either
of them can be opened and the boiler flushed or scoured out through it. ³ care
stop cocks for shutting off the boiler from the parts above, and is the cold water
supply to bath which is taken direct from the main instead of from the cistern as
at present.
The permanent brickwork forming the housing of the boiler is set apart to a
greater width than the boiler dimensions as shown more particularly in Figures 1
and 3, and the partition m forming the boiler flue n with the damper n' is carried
on a separate support or bridge o clear of the boiler top so that the boiler can be
set in position and the connections formed; or can be disconnected and removed
without disturbing the adjoining brickwork except such packing bricks p or other
material as may be inserted to close up the spaces on either side of the boiler recess
or housing. The usual opening or hand hole g is provided in the top of the boiler
for the purpose of inspection without disconnecting the boiler.
'Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
Firstly. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting a hot-
water apparatus for domestic purposes, and embodying the several improvements
herein before specified, substantially as and for the purposes as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. In hot-water apparatus for domestic use, the structural arrangement
of parts consisting essentially of the connecting pipe g² communicating with the
boiler in one direction, and the hot-water cylinder in the other, or the equivalent
arrangement by which the return current is diverted by means of pipe h through
the cistern and pipe e by which the water from the boiler is carried up to the level
of the water in the tank and back to the boiler again, and the circulating pipes 616
for circulating the water to and from the boiler and the hot-water cylinder d, the
said parts acting in combination with the hot-water apparatus as a whole and with
or without regard to the setting of the boiler, substantially as and for the purpose
as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly. In hot-water apparatus for domestic purposes, the method of setting and
disconnecting the boiler without disturbing the adjoining brickwork, substantially
as bereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1005
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent,
Stockton-on-Tees, Agent for the Applicant..