IMPROVEMENTS IN burg Witepsk Railway, for the Invention of LOCKING SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hugh Carlile, of 15, Angel Court, Throgmorton
Street, in the City of London, Managing Director of the Düna⚫
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
burg Witepsk Railway, for the Invention of
LOCKING SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS."
Sealed the 23rd December, 1875, and dated the 27th October 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hugh Carlile at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1875.
I, HUGH CARLILE, of 15, Angel Court, Throgmorton Street, in the
City of London, Managing Director of the Dünaburg Witcpsk Railway,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCKING SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to supply a cheap, ready, and effectual
means of preventing screw bolts and nuts from working loose when they
have once been screwed home.
To prevent screw nuts from working loose I furnish the inner face of
the nut with grooves passing across it between the outer sides of the nut

page_text: and the central hole. The number of these grooves and their distance
from the central hole may be varied; I prefer however that they should
be all equally distant from the centre of the hole, and that they should
pass across from one side of the nut to an adjacent sido.
In the surface against which the nut is to be screwed I also form
one or more grooves or indentations, which as the nut is turned will
coincide in succession with the grooves across the nut. As the nut is
screwed home one of the grooves in its face is brought to coincide with
one of the grooves or indentations in the surface against which it is
being screwed, a, pin of metal or other material is then driven into
the channel formed by the coinciding grooves, so as to pass from end to
end of it and fit it closely. The pin may be formed with a head,
or may be turned up at one end, and after being driven in, the other
end may be turned up to prevent the pin from working back and
falling out.
In the case of a hexagonal nut if six grooves be formed across its
innor face, and there be one indentation in the surface against which it is
to be screwed, it will require one-sixth turn only to bring it into a posi-
tion in which it may be locked. If two indentations are formed in the
surface against which the nut is to be screwed and these indentations are
at an angle of 30 degrees to one another, one-twelfth turn only of the
nut will be required.
In order to unscrew the nut either the pin must first be taken out, or
if the pin be of soft metal or material the nut may be forced round so
as to cause it to shear the pin or so squeeze it as to allow the nut to
turn. The channel formed by the coinciding of a groove in the nut and
a groove in the surface, against which the nut is screwed, may be either
of a round or square or other suitable cross section; the channel also
may be either straight or curved, as desired. The grooves or indentations
in the surface against which the nut is to be screwed extend beyond the
nut so as to allow of the ready insertion of a pin into them after the
screwing up of the nut, and whenever a groove in the face of the nut
has been brought to coincide with them. The groove or grooves in
surface against which the nut is to be screwed up may have a different
width from the groove or grooves in the face of the nut, so as to form
a sufficiently large channel for the insertion of the pin after the nut has
been screwed home, in case the bolt belonging to the nut have some side
play in its bolt hole.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hugh Carlile in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th April 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Hugu
CARLILE, of 15, Angel Court, Throgmorton Street, in the City of
London, Managing Director of the Dünaburg Witcpsk Railway, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Hugh Carlile, Her special
license that I, the said Hugh Carlile, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Hugh Carlile, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCKING SCREW BOLTS AND NUTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Hugh Carlile, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hugh Carlile, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The object of this Invention is to supply a cheap, ready, and effectual
means of preventing screw bolts and nuts from working loose when they
have once been screwed home.
To prevent screw nuts from working loose I furnish the inner face of
the nut with one or more grooves passing across it between the outer
sides of the nut and the central hole.
In the surface against which the nut is to be screwed I also form one
or more grooves or indentations, which as the nut is turned will
coincide in succession with the grooves across the nut. When a nut
has been screwed home and one of the grooves in its face has been
brought to coincide with one of the grooves or indentations in the
surface against which it is being screwed a pin of metal or other
material is inserted into the channel formed by the coinciding grooves
so as to pass from end to end of it and fit it closely. Screw bolts and
washers may be secured in the same manner.
In the Drawing annexed examples are shown of screw bolts, nuts, and
washers secured in the manner above described.
nuts with six
These grooves
they pass from
Figure 1 shows an edge view of two metal plates B, B, held together
by nuts and bolts; Figure 2 is a face view of the same. The nuts A
on the left-hand side of Figures 1 and 2 are hexagon
grooves a, a, across their inner face, as shown at Figure 3.
are all equally distant from the centre of the hole, and
one side of the uut to the side adjacent to it. The two indentations
b, b, in the face of the plates B are at an angle of 30 degrees to one
another, so that one-twelfth only of the complete turn of the nut is
required to bring one of the grooves in the nut to coincide with one of
the indentations in the plate; if there were only one indentation a
sixth of a complete turn would be required. The indentations 6 extend
slightly beyond the nut and gradually curve upwards at their ends to
allow of the ready insertion of a pin into them. This pin c may simply
be a length of wire, say of steel, iron, brass, copper, or other metal or
material, and when it has been inserted into the channel formed by the
coinciding of one of the grooves and one of the indentations, its ends
may be bent up to keep it in place, or the pin may have a head formed
at one end of it, or it may be a split pin.

page_text: At O is shown a screw bolt with a hexagonal head, having like the
nuts A grooves a upon its inner face, as shown at Figure 4; similar
indentations b, b, are also formed in the plate B; a similar screw
bolt is also shown at D; in this case the indentations or grooves b, b,
are carried right across the plates B instead of terminating a short
distance away from the exterior of the head of the bolt, as with the
indentations shown to be used in connection with the bolt head C. At E
are shewn hexagonal nuts with washers e; in this case the nuts are
locked to the washers and the washers to the plates in the manner
above described.
When it is required to unscrew a nut or screw bolt which has been
locked in the manner herein-before described, the locking pin must first
be taken out, or if the pin be of soft metal or material the nut or bolt
may be forced round, so as to cause it to shear the pin or so squeeze it
as to allow the nut to turn. The channel formed by the coinciding of
a groove in a nut or bolt, and a groove in the surface against which it
is screwed may be of a round, or square, or other suitable cross section.
The groove or grooves in the surface against which the nut is to bo
screwed may also in some cases have a different width from the groove
or grooves in the face of the nut, so as to form a sufficiently large channel
for the insertion of the pin after the nut or bolt as been screwed home
even if the bolt have some side play in the bolt hole.
It is also not necessary that the groove or grooves in the nut or bolt
head and in the surface up to which the nut or bolt head is to be
screwed should both be formed in such a manner as to enclose the
locking pin on both its sides.
In some cases the groove or grooves across the inner face of the nut
or bolt head may be open on the outer side. The grooves may then be
either across the corners of the nut, as shown at Figure 5, or they may
be parallel with its sides, as shewn at Figure 6. Figures 5* and 6*
shew side views of these two nuts respectively screwed up to a surface B,
and secured by means of a pin c lying in a groove 6 in the surface B,
and in one of the grooves across the nut; or in a similar way the groove
or indentation in the surface B may be open on one side. For example,
fish plates used at the joints of railway rails may be formed with a
central longitudinal ridge, as shewn at Figure 7, leaving two longitu-
dinal indentations above and below the central ridge; the nuts or bolts
used for securing the fish plates may then be locked by pins c, as before

page_text: explained and as is shown by the Drawing. I believe however that it is
preferable to form fish plates with a longitudinal groove or grooves for
the pins c to lie in, as shown at Figure 8.
In the several Drawings the heads of the screw bolts and the nuts,
are shown to be hexagonal, but they might be square or circular, or of 5
other suitable shape. The number of grooves formed upon the inner
face of the nut or bolt head may also be varied; I however prefer to
form them with as many grooves as there are sides to the nut or bolt
bead, and in all cases the grooves pass across the face of the nut or bolt
head clear of the central hole or stem.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,—
First. The means of locking screw bolts and nuts to prevent them from
becoming unscrewed, substantially as herein described.
Second. The construction of nuts and the heads of bolts with 1
grooves across their inner face, substantially as and for the purpose
herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hugh Carlile, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
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