CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS: IN MAKING OR MANUFACTURING BOLTS AND CHAINS
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL.
BROWN, of Billeter Square, in the City of London, Commander in the Royak
Navy, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the eleventh year of
His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Brown,. His special
licence that I, the said Samuel Brown, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Samuel Brown, my executors, adminis.
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should.
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend; within England, Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS:
IN MAKING OR MANUFACTURING BOLTS AND CHAINS;" in which said Letters
Patent, there is contained a proviso, that I, the said Samuel Brown, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
-what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, that I, the
said Samuel Brown, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which it is to be performed, is described and ascertained in
the manner following (that is to say) :-

page_text: That my improvements in the manufacturing of bolts and chains is to give
additional strength to the links, of chain, by increasing the sizes of the link in
the nut or weld, and also at the point of thie. scarf, where it has been found
when they are broken, for, experiment,, or in actual service, that they almost
invariably failed on the welded side of the link, which is now strengthened by
my improvement. The bolts for constructing the chains are made as follows:-
They are first rolled of uniform thickness by a set of rolls in the usual way,
which I have shewn in Figure 1, but without claiming this process or the
apparatus as any part of my Invention. When the bolt is rolled to the
requisite size by these rolls, it is at the same heat passed through a set of
conical rolls, which are fixed. facing. the preparing rolls,. and turned by
machinery consisting of a hand and bevil wheels, or other suitable apparatus,
as shewn in Figure 4. These rolls, instead of being of uniform dimensions,
have indentations, or an enlargement at suitable distances from each other,
for forming a swell or boss on the bolt at the part which is to be cut into the
scarf for welding or shutting. The length of this swell or boss is to be three
times the diameter of the iron, of whatsoever size is used, between the termi-
nation of the swells or bolts, one-eighth of an inch thicker in all sizes than
that part of the bolt between the bosses, as shewn in Figure 3. C, C, are
the standards for carrying the thin conical rolls. They are constructed and
fitted in the usual manner for shifting the rolls according to the size which
are required, and adjusted by a screw and gibs and keys; and this part of the
apparatus is not claimed as part of the Invention. The diameter of the
conical rolls is increased exactly in proportion to the length of the bolts
required for the various sizes of the links. The grooves for receiving the
bolt from the preparing rolls is the smallest in diameter, and the indentations
are consequently closer together than the next groove, which is cut when the
diameter is increased to correspond with the lengthening of the bolt, and the
bolts lengthen a little every time they are passed through. For example:-
The improvements commences with bolts an inch and one-eighth in diameter,
of uniform thickness. The groove for receiving this bolt is cut when the
diameter of the rolls is twelve and a half inches, and the indentations for
forming the bosses or swells are twelve and a half inches apart from centre to
centre of each boss. The bolts must never be passed twice through the same
groove. The first process will in this size reduce the dimensions about
'one-eleventh of an inch between the bosses, which still retains the original
size of the iron. The reduced part will have acquired rather an oval shape.
It is then introduced into the second groove, the oval side up. and. down
exactly, so that the boss enters the indentation or recess; and it will be still

page_text: The
further reduced, and consequently lengthened, between the bosses.
indentations in this second groove are formed to correspond with this encreased
length, so as to receive the boss or swell of the bolt. The operation is
repeated successively to the third or fourth groove, which will finish the
bolt. It will require a set of rolls for every two sizes; the first and second
sets from one inch and one-eighth to one inch and three-eighths. There
should be three indentations in each groove to form the three bosses, and each
of the other sets should have only two indentations to form the two swells or
bosses. The most advantageous manner of preparing these bolts for the
links is to cut them while hot from the finishing rolls, which has been prac-
tised by me in forming the links of chain cables, the length of the scarf being.
in all sizes twice the diameter of the iron, as shewn in Figure 3.
The improvement in the manufacturing of the chain consists in using these
improved bolts instead of bolts of uniform thickness. By this means the
links are increased in size, and consequently in strength, both in the centre of
shut and point of the scarf, and this side of the link, which was almost inva-
riably weaker than the opposite or manufactured side, becomes as near as
possible of equal strength.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Brown, have hereunt set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of October, One thousand eight
lundred and thirty