IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING ROOMS AND CELLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Chattwood, of Bury, in the County of Lan-
caster, Archetect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
ROOMS AND CELLARS."
Sealed the 21st April 1863, and dated the 27th October 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Chattwood, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1862.
I, JOSEPH CHATTWOOD, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Archetect,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VENTILATING ROOMS AND CELLARS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the ventilation of rooms and cellars, the
equalizing of temperature, and the prevention of inconvenient drafts or currents
in rooms containing fires. To accomplish this I make the bars of the grate
or fire holder hollow or tubular, and perforate the said bars with any convenient
number of holes or apertures; or I make the sides of the grate or fire holder
or the jambs or sides of the fire holder with chambers or cavities, and place
any convenient number of perforations or apertures therein for the air to pass
through. The air is supplied to the said bars, chambers, or cavities from the
cellar or room to be ventilated by means of apertures, channels, or pipes as may
be required. I also admit the air to the said bars, chambers, or cavities when
required by means of pipes or channels communicating directly with the
external air outside the building.

page_text: I also use, where convenient, a hollow cone or cones or other shaped figure
or figures containing any convenient number of apertures or perforations, and
place the same near the fire and in communication with the external air or
the room to be ventilated. A valve or regulator is placed in any convenient
part of the said pipes or channels for the purpose of regulating the quantity
of air passing through the said channels, pipes, or apertures. The said apertures
or perforations are made of any convenient form, and placed in any convenient
part of the before-named portions of the apparatus, but I prefer to place them
in such a way that dust or ashes may have little tendency to choke or stop the
free passage of air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Chattwood, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th April 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CHATTWOOD, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Archetect, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for. Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Chattwood, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Chattwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph Chattwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
'might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING ROOMS AND CELLARS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Chattwood, my executors or ad-
ministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
'cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office. within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
.Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Chattwood, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: .
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):-.
:
My Invention has for its object the ventilation of rooms and cellars, the
.equalizing of temperature, and the prevention of inconvenient drafts or currents
in rooms containing fires. To accomplish this I make the bars of the grate
or fire holder hollow or tubular, and perforate the said bars with any convenient
number of holes or apertures; or I make the sides of the grate or fire holder
or the jambs or sides of the fire holder with chambers or cavities, and place any
convenient number of perforations or apertures therein for the air to pass
through. The air is supplied to the said bars, chambers, or cavities from the
cellar or room to be ventilated by means of apertures, channels, or pipes as may
be required. I also admit the air to the said bars, chambers, or cavities when
required by means of pipes or channels communicating directly with the
external air outside the building.
:
I also use, where convenient, a hollow cone or cones or other shaped figure
or figures containing any. convenient number of apertures or perforations, and
place the same near the fire and in communication with the external air or the
room to be ventilated. A valve or regulator is placed in any convenient part
of the said pipes or channels for the purpose of regulating the quantity of air
passing through the said channels, pipes, or apertures. The said apertures or
perforations are made of any convenient form, and placed in any convenient
part of the before-named portions of the apparatus, but I prefer to place them
in such a way that dust or ashes may have little tendency to choke or stop the
free passage of air.
The accompanying Drawing shows one, arrangement for supplying air to
fires. A chamber or cavity is situate behind each side of the fire holder a, a₁,
Fig. 1, so that air may pass therein from the room below the floor b, or it may
be conveyed to the said chambers or cavities from the outside of the building;
c, c₁, are valves for regulating the supply of air, and are shown open, the black
portion being the passages, and when either of the handles d, d₁, are moved
towards the left hand the said passages will be closed by the movable plates
behind the fire holder a, a₁. The bars e, f, g, are hollow, and open into the
chambers or cavities behind a, a, and have perforations in them as shown by
the cross sections e, f, g, Fig. 2. The openings or perforations in e, f, are on
the under side, and the openings or perforations in g are on three sides, and are
shown on one side by the black parts in Fig. 1. I also use fire holders con-
taining perforations with only one valve placed below the floor 6 in the passage
that admits the air to the chambers or cavities before mentioned, or if a channel
be made above the said floor, I place the valve for regulating the supply of air

page_text: in the last-named channel. The chambers or cavities behind a, a₁, are either
made in the wall or cast or fixed on the metalic fire holder. When air is
passing through the apertures before named, and the said air comes direct
from another room, the said room will be ventilated, and have currents estab-
lished in it by the action of the chimney draft, and since the fire is supplied
by air that does not pass across the interior of the room containing the said
fire, uncomfortable drafts or currents will be prevented owing to a considerable
portion of the air for combustion being supplied through the perforations or
apertures in the manner described.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the said Invention is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim is, the hollow fire-bars, the perforated fire holder, and the apparatus and
combination of parts herein described, set forth, and in part illustrated, and for
the purposes herein named.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Chattwood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
THOMAS BALDWIN,
Bury, Lancashire.
JOSEPH CHATTWOOD. (L.S.)