Improvements in Steam Boilers, and Mode of Heating the same.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 7th Dec., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Boilers, and Mode of Heating the same.
A communication from abroad by THE RICHARDSEN & SCHROEDER PATENT
SMOKE CONSUMING, FUEL ÉCONOMISING, AND STEAM BOILER COMPANY,
(a company registered in New South Wales), of Sydney, New South Wales.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The boiler is annular in form and consists of an outer shell that is in the form of
an inverted truncated conc. This shell proceeds uniformly down to the foundation.
The inner shell which is parallel with the outer shell widens out towards the
bottom so as to have a large space in the centre of the boiler, just above the
foundations.
Fire tubes are expanded into the inner and outer shells at right angles thereto,
thus there will be a large space above the foundation near the base of the boiler
which opens into an inverted cone shaped uptake up which the products of com-
bustion will proceed, and will pass from the central flue through the fire tubes to
the exterior of the boiler. In order to prevent escape of the heated gases the
apertures of the tubes in the external shell of the boiler are surrounded by a jacket,
within which the gases will be conducted to the chimney.
The top end of the central flue is closed by a damper and a connection is
made by an auxiliary flue from the jacket to a point in the chimney above the
damper.
Within this auxiliary flue a fan or other appliance for creating an induced or
forced draught is placed, or the draught apparatus may be located in any other
suitable position, or under favorable conditions a natural draught may prove to he
sufficient.
The furnace that heats the boiler is placed externally, and consists of a circular
wall of larger diameter than the base of the boiler thus enclosing between the
external shell of the boiler and the internal face of the circular wall an annular
space, which is the fire place. Within this space and at a suitable distance from
the ground the fire bars are placed. The heated gases from the combustion of the
fuel enter the large space within the boiler through fire tubes that are expanded
into the shells of the boiler. Draught holes may be made in the wall of the
furnace. It is important to remark that no air can enter the large space within the
boiler except through the fire tubes leading from the fire place. But in order
that the invention may be thoroughly understood reference will be made to the
accompanying sheet of drawings in which :-
Fig. 1 is an elevation, half being in vertical section, of the boiler.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken on the line 1-2 of Fig. 1.
A, is the external shell of the boiler which proceeds uniformly downwards from
the dome B to the foundation. C is the inner shell of the boiler which proceeds
downwards parallel to the outer shell A until it reaches the point when it
widens out and then proceeds downwards as at C' parallel to the external shell A,
thus leaving a large space or chanber D immediately above the foundations.
Both the inner and outer shells A and C are circular and present the appearance

page_text: of an inverted truncated cone. Fire tubes E E are expanded into the shells A
and C at right angles thereto, whereby communication is established between the
central flue D' and a space exterior to the shell A which is enclosed by the jacket
or shell F. The upper end of the shell A is shaped so as to form a spherical
shaped dome B, and the inner shell C is continued upwards conically until it joins
therewith. The outer shell or jacket F is also continued upwards parallel to the
shell A. At the point of junction of these three shells is the commencement of
the chimney, and at this point a damper G of any suitable construction is placed.
An auxiliary flue H enters the dome space between the shells A and F, and effects
communication with the chimney Z at a point above the damper C. Within this
auxiliary fluo H is placed a fan or other apparatus for inducing or forcing a
draught within the fire spaces of the boiler. This fan or draught apparatus if
mechanical may be driven externally by the pulley h. As a means of promoting
the circulation of the water within the boiler water tubes J are expanded into the
boiler in the position as shown in the drawings, and passing upwards within the
jacket or shell F debouch into the dome of the boiler at the point F¹. In order
that the outer shell of the boiler shall not be weakened by the openings of these
tubes, they are expanded into the boiler so as to break line as may be seen in the
drawings at the two points where they debouch into the boiler. The fireplace is
placed externally and consists of an annular space K that is enclosed within a
circular wall L. This wall may be constructed in a variety of ways, the mode
adopted and shown in the drawings consists of a circular wall of boiler plate that
is lined with fire clay, above the fire bars M, but a great many different modes of
construction may be adopted in the construction of this annular wall, for instance,
it may be made hollow to contain water, and may thus be used as a feed water
heater for the boiler, or it may be tubular in construction, that is to say,
may be made of a number of vertical tubes which shall contain water, and
may be surrounded by a circular skin to which the tubes may be secured.
The furnace will be fed through its open top. The products of combustion
from the consumption of fuel and the heated gases will enter the chamber
or space D within the boiler through a number of fire tubes N, N, that
are expanded into the two skins A and C of the boiler. It is only through
these tubes that any air or heated gases can enter the chamber D. This
is a point that is of considerable importance in the successful working of the
boiler. The wall L of the furnace does not reach down to the ground but is
supported at a suitable height from the grounds by means of standards or other
supports O, or if the circular wall L does reach down to the ground its lower part
must be arched so that the ashes falling from the furnace may be cleared away
and the fire bars raked from below. The fire bars may be of any approved con-
struction, in the drawing they are shown as ordinary fire bars arranged radially,
but it might be found convenient to adopt circular fire bars arranged concentrically
around the centre of the boiler, or the fire bars might be tubular.
it
The circular wall of the furnace is perforated with holes or apertures S for the
purpose of admitting additional air to the fire to support combustion, and it is
through these holes or apertures S that the bulk of the air will pass to support
combustion of the fuel.
The whole of the boiler and furnace should be constructed in segments so that
by loosening any rivets or bolts a whole segment might be removed and replaced
by another and similar segment. This will materially facilitate any repairing
operation to those parts of the boiler that are not easily accessible, such for instance
as the fire tubes E or N N.
It will be convenient now to follow the course of the heated gases through the
boiler. A fire is built on the fire bars M and is stoked from the top by throwing
the fuel in in the direction of the arrows Q. The fan or other draught apparatus
in the auxiliary flue H being started, the air will pass through the unconsumed
fuel, and through the apertures S, through the incandescent fuel, through the fire
tubes M into the space D; then upwards in the direction of the arrows into the

page_text: central flue D', but as the damper G would be closed the heated gases will take
the line of least resistance and will pass through the fire tubes E E. into the
external annular space formed by the shell F, into the dome space above and will
be drawn by the induced draught into the auxiliary flue H, and be thence
projected into the chimney Z above the damper G. The course of the heated
gases is shown by the arrows R.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me from
abroad by my foreign correspondents, 1 declare that what I claim is :-
1. An annular boiler chamber that is arranged around a central flue, the annular
sides of the boiler chamber and the central flue sloping upwards and outwards so
as to be in the form of an inverted truncated cone, the inner and the outer shells
of the boiler being connected together by fire tubes which are expanded radially
into the shells at right angles to the same, so that such tubes shall slope outwards.
and downwards, the whole being surrounded by a smoke jacket that is in communi-
cation with the central flue by radial fire tubes, as herein set forth.
2. In combination, a boiler chamber that is in the form of an inverted truncated
cone shaped annulus that is provided with an inverted cone shaped central flue, a
circular enclosed chamber at the bottom of the central flue, radial fire tubes that
connect the two shells of the annular boiler together, an external annular smoke
jacket, a damper G at the top of the central flue and an auxiliary flue leading
from the smoke jacket to the chimney at a point above the damper, and an
apparatus within such auxiliary flue for forcing or inducing a draught within the
fire spaces of the boiler as herein specified.
3. In combination a boiler chamber that is in the form of an annulus, the
internal and external shells of which are united together by radial fire tubes, an
external annular smoke jacket into which the mouths of the radial fire tubes
debouch, an external annular fire place that entirely surrounds the lower part of
the boiler and fire tubes near the bottom of the boiler through which the products
of combustion from the fire place can enter the central space within the boiler as
herein specified.
4. In combination an external annular fire place that surrounds the boiler, an
internal enclosed chamber that is within the boiler, communication being established
between the fire place and the enclosed chamber by means of fire tubes or apertures
in the boiler, a central flue within the boiler leading upwards from the top of the
enclosed chamber, and means for forcing or inducing a draught of air through the
furnace whereby such air and the products of combustion from the fuel shall be
drawn or forced from the fire through the fire tubes into the enclosed chamber and
up the central flue as herein set forth.
Dated the 6th day of November 1895.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.