IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR ROADS AND ROADWAYS TO PREVENT HORSES SLIPPING THEREON.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Daniel Davies, of 110, Cannon Street, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVED COMBINATION OF
MATERIALS FOR ROADS AND ROADWAYS TO PREVENT HORSES SLIPPING
THEREON.
"
Scaled the 12th May 1874, and dated the 31st January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Daniel Davies
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st January 1874.
I, HENRY DANIEL DAVIES, of 110, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR ROADS AND ROADWAYS TO PREVENT HORSES
SLIPPLING THEREON," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the combination of certain materials
for roads and roadways to prevent horses slipping thereon.
Hitherto it has been the custom to associate with asphalte, tar, or
other bitumous body, wooden blocks which have been formed into

page_text: squares of tablet-like shape in moulds and then to lay these tablets sido
by side to form a surface upon which horses could travel with safety,
but in practice it has been found that the wood blocks from the
expansion and contraction under wet, and from changes of temperature,
and from passing loads, have detached themselves from the asphalte, tar,
or other bituminous body, and instead of establishing and maintaining
a level surface have formed ruts and hollows into which slush has run
and has thereby proved to be anything but a surface upon which horses
could travel with safety.
Gravel, sand, and other calcareous bodies have also been associated
with asphalte, tar, and other bituminous surfaces by sprinkling or
spreading, but no amalgamation has taken place because the adhesiveness
of one has no affinity for binding with the other, the consequences have
been therefore a complete granulation of the calcareous bodies and
reduction to a state of powder, both injurious to pedestrians, detrimental
to goods exposed in shops and warehouses, in addition to the loss of that
element of safety from slipping of horses supposed to exist.
Now by my Invention all the foregoing inconveniences and objections
are obviated and a complete amalgamation is effected which can only be
affected by actual wear and tear of passing traffic.
My Invention consists of a combination of asphalte proper with wood
sawdust preferably of the hardest kinds of wood, and of fine or coarse
particles, according to the nature of the traffic to be provided for, which
I introduce gradually into the cauldron at the time of heating the
asphalte which requires that treatment, and I then stir the mass until
the whole is of the proper consistency to be spread upon a concrete and
"stuff" bed to the required level, and upon which when properly set
horses can travel with safety for any length of time consistent with the
thickness of the layer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Daniel Davies in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
DAVID of 110 Cannon Street in the City of London send
DAT

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Daniel Davies, Her
special licence that I, the said Henry Daniel Davies, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Daniel
Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS FOR ROADS AND ROADWAYS TO PREVENT
HORSES SLIPPING THEREON," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho
said Henry Daniel Davies, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Daniel Davies, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is the combination of certain materials
for roads and roadways to prevent horses slipping thereon.
Hitherto it has been the custom to associate with asphalte, tar, or
other bituminous body, wooden blocks which have been formed into
squares of tablet-like shape in moulds and then to lay these tablets side
by side to form a surface upon which horses could travel with safety,
but in practice it has been found that the wood blocks from the
expansion and contraction under wet and from changes of temperature
and from passing loads have detached themselves from the asphalte, tar,
or other bituminous body, and instead of establishing and maintaining a
level surface have formed ruts and hollows into which slush has run, and
has thereby proved to be anything but a surface upon which horses could
travel with safety.

page_text: Gravel, sand, and other calcareous bodies have also been associated
with asphalte, tar, and other bituminous surfaces by sprinkling or
spreading, but no amalgamation has taken place because the adhesiveness
of one has no affinity for binding with the other, the consequences have
been a complete granulation of the calcareous bodies and reduction to a
state of powder both injurious to pedestrians, detrimental to goods
exposed in shops and warehouses, in addition to the loss of that element
of safety from slipping of horses supposed to exist.
Now by my Invention all the foregoing inconveniences and objections
are obviated and a complete amalgamation is effected, which can only be 1
affected by actual wear and tear of passing traffic.
My Invention consists of a combination of asphalte proper with wood
sawdust preferably of the hardest kind of wood and of fine or coarse
particles, according to the nature of the traffic to be provided for, which
sawdust I introduce gradually into the cauldron at the time of heating
the asphalte which requires that treatment, and I then stir the mass
until the whole is of the proper consistency to be spread upon a concrete
and "stuff" bed to the required level, and upon which when properly
"sett" horses can travel with safety for any length of time consistent
with the thickness of the layer.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the
combination of wood sawdust with asphalto proper prepared in the
manner described to be used for surfacing or forming roads and road-
ways for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Daniel Davies, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.
2