Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Setting, Justifying, and Distributing Type.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 17th July, 1895--Accepted, 4th Jan., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Setting, Justifying,
and Distributing Type.
We, ANSBERT EMIL VORREITER, Engineer of Cuxhavener Strasse No. 13,
Berlin, N.W., and Dr. EUGEN MULLENDORFF, Engineer Luisen-Ufer No. 52,
Berlin, S., the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The machine constructed in accordance with the present invention, which we
call "Autotype," effects the setting, justification, and distribution, automatically
by the aid of a perforated register, e., a paper strip wherein small holes aie
stamped at varying distances from the edge corresponding to the different
characters or letters, etc., and the same register that was used for the composition
is employed for the distribution. Instead of the paper any other suitable material
may be selected; and in heu of perforations small projections or depressions may
be used. This register can advantageously be applied to a register-perforating
machine, while, simultaneously the matter for composition can be printed upon the
paper strip in ordinary typewriter-characters, by way of check. Proof-sheets may
be read with this register, and when only the correction of literals is involved, or
ciphers, that can be done by sticking a piece of paper over the false perforation
and making a new perforation in the proper place. When the error extends to
an entire word, or some cther conspicuous erior occurs, the entire defective or
et roneous part must be cut out, a new piece correctly perforated to correspond in
the register-perforating machine, and stuck in the register in substitution for that
cut out.
The apparatus employed for the preparation of the register is so constructed
that by depressing a key a pivotted hey lever secured thereto presses a perforating
point upwards so as to make a hole m'a paper strip which is caused to pass over
the perforator by olleis in such manner that the distance of the perforation so
made from the edge or end of the register varies according to the key which
is depressed. Simultaneously therewith, by means of a link a lever provided with
a type character of the letter in question is caused to descend and strike an ink-
bbon which may most conveniently be arranged longitudinally over the centic of
the register-paper, thus imprinting in n consecutive series, on the centre-line of
that paper, the letters signs, figues etc., which constitute the words and sentences
of the subject matter to be written, such letters and signs corresponding to the
perforations in the register.
Each writing-hey-level is provided with a projection or diver corresponding to
the width of the particular letter associated with that lever. By means of that
driver a projection or tappet secured to a bell crank lever is displaced and that
movement is transmitted by a suitable arrangement of links and levers to an
index or pointer herein called the "type pointer" which, consequently, with the
aid of the hereinafter described clamp-coupling makes a coresponding advance
on the scale attached to it on which the type-widths nie depicted The entire
scale coresponds to the length of each line. Before any one line 18 completed a
bull 18 sounded, and the writer can then decide whether he will finish perforating
the cute word, or bicak oft. Every depression of a space-key is transmitted
to special index or pointer herein teimmed the " space pointer by means of
suitable levers aud links, and this space pointer, by menus of a
s mila clamp-
"

page_text: ineasure.
coupling, indicates the number of the spaces between the words, and proportion of
the total line-space occupied thereby, in points, millimetres or other units of
To this number the writer must now add the number of the divisions
of the scale which remain untraversed by the type pointer; or if the total lime
space has already been exceeded that number must be deducted. The number so
obtained (sum or difference) is then to be divided by the number of spaces and the
resulting quotient gives, in points, millimetres, or other units employed, the
aggregate of the spaces to be used
These arithmetical operations inay obviously be wrought either partially or
wholly by mechanical means re, by means of a suitable apparatus appropriately
connected with the scale. Finally the space-key, with this number ie., the space-
aggregate depicted upon it, is depressed, and thereby, at the corresponding
distance from the end of the register, a justifying hole is perforated in the paper;
thereupon the perforations are commenced for the next following line.
If the register is not to be intelligible to everybody ie, to be written in cipher
(or cryptograph) the printing mechamem must be disconnected, so that the register
shows nothing but the perforatious; and a special apparatus will be used to
decipher it For this purpose the register is passed under a key consisting of a
narrow flat rules, bar or rod bearing the letter-characters in the order in which they
were arranged and used for the cryptogram.
The
The register, obtained in the manner above described, with the justifying hole
foremost is then placed in the contact-apparatus of the composing, justifying and
distributing machine, in which, so soon as, by means of the justifying perforation
of the register, the appropiate contact is made, a relay is thrown in circuit
amature this relay is kept in position by a stop until the justifying hole of the
next following line puts in circuit a second similar relay and simultaneously
moves the stop so that the relay previously in circuit 18 set free. Each of the
relays in number corresponding to the various widths of the justifying pieces, by
means of the armature and a contact throws into circuit an electro-magnet or
solenoid whereby the particular aggregate stick-space which must be employed
for that line, is pushed out, so soon ns, during the transit of the register through
the contact apparatus, one of the justifying perforations (indicating the space
between the words) closes the cucit. This cucuit-closure takes place as
follows:-
The contact-levers of the contact-apparatus, as well as the drawing rollers,
are set in backward movement by a lever and draw-bar, thus pushing the
register forward (after its insertion) by means of the clamp-coupling, previously
mentioned, or of a ratchet-wheel. The plate over which the register is moved
is constructed of insulating material carrying, however, metal strips in number
corresponding to that of the contact levers, 1.e., as many as there are letter-
characters or symbols employed. Whenever, in the register, a perforation offers
itself, through it, in the advance of the register, a contact-lever is allowed to touch
the corresponding contact strip whereby an electro-magnet or solenoid is thrown in
circuit, which thi usts a letter or type out of the corresponding type-channel into a
circular race or channel.
The aangement may also be such that insulated contact-levers slide over one
metal-plate, common to all. A sliding motion of the contact-lever is, however, not
indispensable. Just over the type-1ace, at each forward movement of the register,
two arms duiven by toothed wheels make a complete revolution towards the same
point, w; the place where the lines are formed, to which thereby the type forced
into the race, at no matter what point, is swept, where, by menus of a slide, it 18
pushed into the composing-stick by the action of lever mechanism and is there held
fast by a spng.
As soon as a line is set, it is delivered into the composing galley by the following
means, Simultaneously with the throwing out of circuit of the relay for the next
hue, a solenoid is excited, and its armature releases the composing-stick which it
bad previously held fixed whereupon, the latter, which is suitably pivotted drops

page_text: down under the weight of the type-lime, and, in doing so, encounters wa
of a bell-crank lever. The other arm of this lever is thereby caused with the
aid of a coupling device to engage or couple a spindle with a pivotted lever.
In this manuei the movement of the last named lover is communicated to the
spindle. Secured to the latter is a lever-aun which, by the movement above
described, is caused to transfer the type-line from the composing-stick to the
composing galley by means of a projection.
The composing-stick being thus released from the weight of the type-line, is
immediately drawn upwards to its previous position by a spring and is there again
caught and retained in place by the appropriate aimmature.
At the same time
a spring canses the return of the lever connected to the spindle to its original
position.
Simultaneously with the progress of composition, by this machine, the dis-
tribution of dead-matter can be carried on automatically, the same register being
used therefor that had previously been used for its composition by this machine.
This register is introduced into a distibuting contact-apparatus in all respects
similar to that herein before described for type-setting or composition. Thus, as,
soon as a contact lever in the distributing contact apparatus puts in circunt a
corresponding electro-magnet' its armature acts upon a lover attached to it, and
arranged to pivot on a piu in access in the chcumference of a wheel which lever
when occupying a position in which its beak is directed towards the axis of the
wheel, is pressed into one of the beforementioned recesses, while when in another
position it is withdrawn from that recess Simultaneously with this movement' of
the lever the arms which participate in the rotatory movement of the before
inentioned type pushing arms above-named, commence to swing round Thereupon,
one of these aims encounters the before mentioned beak which projects inwards
under the pressure of the armature and consequently the wheel is carried round by
the said arm until this level arives in front of the type-line to be distributed.
The second swinging arm prevents the wheel from being swung past that place.
AL this moment, by means of a lever-combination and the lifting or thrust-rod in
connection with the clamp-coupling already above-mentioned, the toothed-wheel is
set in motion, and thereby a lack-bar is pressed against the type-line standing on
the stick and pushes the same forward so that the foremost type is delivered into
the recess in the peuphery of the wheel. The depth of that recess exactly
con responds to the width of the type to be distributed, so that the recess is com-
pletely filled up by the type which has been dropped into it, and thus no more
than one type can enter therein. The movement (oi stroke) of the lever is slightly
greater than the largest of all the various type-widths that may have to be dealt
with in the distribution. The excess of the lever-stroke is taken up or absorbed
by a spring coiled round the thrust-rod,
'
When the arms swing back they stuke against a projection or stul in the wheel
and carry the latter with them back to its original position. Thereby also the
previously moved lever alives again in front of the appropriate electromagnet.
By the dropping of the lever the pressure has already been taken off the type-line
on the stick. Two biake-spings prevent the foremost type from falling out. The
armature which is attracted by the intermittently excited electro-magnet and having
its lower end fork-shaped is prevented from swinging back by a stop or catch
controlled by a spring and pivotted on the pin until a lever-projection or beak on
the return of the wheel to its end-position strikes against the stud on pin on the
stop whereby the armature is again released. Thereby, the latter will be so acted
upon by an adjustable spring as to cause the lever to resume its normal position of
At the same time the said lever strikes the transported type out of the
peripheral recess in the wheel in which it has been lodged, into the distributing
magazine, situated unmediately underneath wherein the presser actuated by the
thrust-rods, pushes the type under the spring. As soon as the type-line has thus
been distributed, besides the relay (properly belonging thereto) of the distributing
apparatus, which 18 similarly constructed to that of the composing or setting
est.

page_text: apparatus, an electromagnet is also at the same time excited (through the justifying
hole of the next line) and which, by attracting its armature releases the stick
lever
The latter, tuning on its pivot drops down by its own weight, while,
simultaneously, by means of an internally toothed segment, a toothed wheel and stop
or ratchet wheel the rack or thrust bar is drawn back, and towards the end of its
movement compresses the spring secured to the guide-rod of the thrust-bar. At
the end of its downward movement, the stick-lever strikes upon one arm of a
bell-crank lever whercof the other arm, by reason of the resulting movement is
caused to connect the lever to the spindle by means of a coupling, so that the said
spindle partakes of the movement communicated to the lever by the diaw-bar.
Thereby, with the aid of the lever, thi ust-rod and pawl arrangement, the angle-
slide is advanced to the extent of the depth or thickness of a line of type. At
this moment, a tappet strikes the lever and causes the latter to raise the
stick-lever with another type-line of dead matter for distribution.
The
amature now holds the stick-lever fast by means of its projecting beak. By
means of the now loaded spring the diver pushes the type-line forward to the
periphery of the wheel whereupon the process of distribution, as above described,
proceeds anew.
Secured to a spindle is a disc provided with a lateral um, in front of which is
arranged a lever mounted on the spindle so as to turn easily thereon. This lever
spans or clasps with one or both of its ends the lateral un of the disc. As the
axial orifice, with which the lever turns round on the spindle is enlarged on one
side, the lever clamps itself against the rim of the disc when, by means of the
thrust-rod, which is secured to the pm, it is caused to rotate in one duection, 10
such manner that it carries the latter with it, whereas, when rotated in the
opposition direction it moves ficely over the disc.
All the movements above mentioned are generated by o transmitted from the
main driving shaft which is actuated by an electromotor, or other stable and
convenient source of power. Upon the said shaft is secured as by a feather a
worm which is pressed downwards by a spring. This worm engages with a worm-
wheel which by means of a crank and counerting 1od causes a partially-toothed
disc to oscillate to and fro on the shaft. This disc transmits its swinging motion,
by means of bevel-gear mounted on the vertical shaft and a sleeve to the before
mentioned type-moving arms
If now, in some unexpected way during the
distribution, a type should find its way into a peripheral recess of the wheel in
which it does not fit, ., a type which is either too wide or too narrow for the
opening, the apparatus will be brought to a standstill either owing to the
projection beyond or outside of the wheel caused by the excess-width of the type,
in the one case, or, in the opposite case by the next following type being projected
from the stick into the vacant space in the recess due to the deficiency in the width
of the type, tuasmuch as the swinging arms will be prevented from cariying the
wheel back to its end-position The wom-wheel being consequently rendered
immovable, by the rotation of the worm, the resulting screw motion will have
the effect of aieing the worm itself on the shaft thus compressing the screw and
carrying with it a lever, the tappet at the free end of which is therefore caused to
strike against another lever which sets the disengaging apparatus in operation, and
the latter stops the motor which dives the main shaft. If, for instance, the latter
is driven by an electro-motor, then the disengaging apparatus in that case, cuts off
the electric curent from the amature and so short-circuits it. Simultaneously an
alarm apparatus, such for instance as an electro-magnetic sounder is set in motion,
which draws attention to the derangement of the machine. The same also occurs
when any one of the type-magazines of cases is exhausted or nearly so; for in that
case the tappet on the diver strikes a contact-stud whereby the alnim apparatus
is at once set in operation. Sumilar contact-studs suitably situated at the
bottom of the type magazines or cases prevent their being overfilled, masmuch
as, through them, the distribution-mechanism is automatically thrown out of
operation.

page_text: On the disc is pivotted a thrust or connecting rod which, in conjunction with.
suitable devices, actuates the pressers. These are connected with each other by
pins so that the movement of one is communicated to all the pressers.
A second connecting on thrust-red pivotted to the disc moves the lever and!
type-pusher by the intermediation of a lever and connecting rod.
The machine permits different soits of type to be used. To this end, the
channels are so airanged, that those which lie side by side are made to contain
the same letters etc., in the different sorts of type. Thus for example, the "a" in
biesie is followed by the " a in nonpareil, and so on. Only one type-forcer is-
provided for each letter. Specially provided register-perforations, for this purpose,
give contacts for electromagnets, whereby the ring which carries these type-forcers-
with their electromagnets is 1otated such manner that the type-forcers are
brought to rest behind the channels containing the sort of type required to be used
for the next following words or sentences to be set or composed, and continue to-
work in that position until the ring is shifted into a new position by the contact
given by another perforation in the register, provided for that purpose.
Inasmuch as, in this machine, the ai matures of the electro-magnets have, almost
without exception, to effect a considerable displacement, the employment of the-
ordinary type of electro-magnet and solenoid is inadmissible.
In the usual electro-magnets and solenoids, the power with which the armature
is attracted is least at the beginning, whereas it should be the greatest, just at the
time when movement is to be initiated. Therefore the play of the armature is
made somewhat limited, so as to obtain adequate initiative force.
With our
"autotype" an arrangement comes into operation whereby the working-power of
the armature is made equal and regular throughout the entire duration of notion,
so that even armatures of a considerable range of play may be employed.
The following describes two indifications of this improved construction. In one
the armature is pivotted at one end, but it does not do its work directly, only by
the intermediation of a lever pivotted at or near one end, in such manner that,.
at the commencement of motion the point of contact between the armature and
lever, which is the working point for the pressure of the former on the latter is at
its nearest to the pivot of the armature's pivot and its furthest from the lever's
pivot; and as the movement proceeds, the point of contact, owing to the respective
curvatures of the surface of touch shifts gindually away from the armature's pivot
towards the lever's pivot. This rolling contact may also be obtained by curving
one only of the two surfaces. The advantage thereby gained is that, at the-
commencement of motion, the turning-moment of the armature being small in
itself is magnified, because it is excited by a short leve arm upon a longer-
lever-aim. This relation subsists in a gradually decreasing ratio, passing through
the various stages of movement, until the contrary is attained, ie., a long arm
acting upon a short one when the motion ceases It is evident that the resultant
force is thereby equalized throughout and the working will therefore be more even
and less regula
By suitable variations in the relative forms of the two lever aims in contact, the
turning movement exerted upon may be varied at pleasure, and m particular so as
to become constant throughout the effort.
In the second arrangement the amature has a direct, rectilinear movement;
the eflect being the same and similarly obtained as in the coustiuation last
described.
.
With our machine, as hereinbefore described, ordinary type without any
distinctive mark or signature can be employed, because, as explained, the type--
distribution is effected by the aid of the same register as was used for its
composition or setting. The use of such a register offers, above all, the following
advantages
The compositors engaged in one common employment such as a newspaper, etc.,
may be provided with register-perforating apparatus, and prepare the manuscript
directly therewith.

page_text: The application and use of hgotype and logotype enables the author to dictate
directly to an expert type writer of machte winter; and he is also enabled to lead
the proofs at once, t.e., the entire process of type-setting, correcting pulling revises
and clean proofs, and sending the same to and ho, may be dispensed with, resulting
in a great saving of time.
For
The work of composition is very cleanly, because the register-writer does not
himself take the type in hand, in the usual way for setting or distribution
the same reason alt prejudicial effects upon the health of the compositors from dust
or particles of type-metal is prevented.
The consumption of type (to replace wear and tear) is also much reduced, since
the type are not jumbled together or knocked about, as occurs with hand-setting,
and distribution Consequently printing works can be conducted with a smaller
stock of type of each fount, because in the case of matter which may be required
for re-print, there is no necessity to keep a mass of type standing, locked up in
form, or loose in galley, with all the attendaut furniture; all that is required being
to preserve the ever-useful registers.
Finally, the chief advantage consists in the result, that by means of this machine
type-setting can be accomplished more rapidly than by any other means hitherto
known.
Dated this 5th day of October 1894.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Setting, Justifying,
and Distributing Type.
We,
ANSBERT EMIL VORRLITER, Engineer, of Cuxhavener Strasse 13, Berlin,
N.W., and Dr. EUGEN MULLENDORFF, Luisen-Ufer 52, Berlin, S., in the Empre
of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The present invention has for its object a machine for automatic setting and
justifying of type matter with only one "register" by means of electromagnets, and
the simultaneous automatic distribution of other type matter with the same "register,"
according to which it was set.
The machine consists of three essential parts.
1) The apparatus for making the register,
2) Two contact apparatus, in which the register closes those contacts, operating
the electio-magnets serving for setting up and distributing the type.
3) The main body (or frame) of the machine, where the type is automatically
set, justified and distributed.
Figure 1 is a section of the register apparatus
Figure 2 is a front view of the same. The upper part of the register apparatus
JB very much like a type-writer with this difference, that the movement of the keys
not only gives an impression of text on the register ribbon, as in ordinary type-
writers, but also makes on it marks, according to the letter touched, those marks
for instance, being holes at different distances from the edge of the ribbon.
The register, formed in this way, passes into a contact apparatus, when it is
necessary to set up type according to it or distribute matter previously set up.
This contact apparatus is shown in section, in Figure 10. The register ribbon

page_text: gides under contact-levers over an ebonite table (a plan of which is given in
Figure 10) in which are let in metal strips, and prevents contact between the
strips and the levels Only where the register is perforated, can the contact of
both be effected, which closes the circuit and excites the magnet for the setting or
distibuting aangement. Therefore the contact apparatus need not be mounted
on the main frame of the machine, but can be placed anywhere and be connected
by wires with the man body of the machines.
Figures 4 and 5 are vertical sections of the main body of the machine at right
angles to one another.
Figure 6 is a plan of the same
According to them, the shape of the main body is that of a vertically-placed
hollow annulus. The space between its two interior surfaces is divided by vertical
partitions into separate canals, in which is stored the type to be set, as shown in
the canal on the left-hand side of the Figure 5 On the top of the cylinder are
placed a double ring of electromagnete, the outer ones for working the setting
airangement, and the inner ones the distributing. Under the outer ng of the
magnets are placed inning, "knockers," which engage in the upper part of the
letter stores o canals, and each time when the setting magnet is excited by
the current, these knockers push a letter from the store auto the inner pait of
the machine on a horizontal circular track. On the opposite sides of the cylinders
there are two galleys (Figure 4 gives the side view, Figure 6 the plan of them), of
which the right hand one receives the type to be distributed, whereas the left one
serves for the setting of new matter.
The source of energy for nothing different motions of the machine is an electro-
motor (Figure 4) mounted at the bottom of the mam body of the machine. The
vertical shaft of that motor has a worm, engaging with a worm-wheel, which
transmits the movement to all other parts. Of course the electromotor can be
replaced by any other kind of motor.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION 'OF SEPARATE PARTS
(1) The Register Apparatus. The apparatus for making the register is shown
on the annexed drawings in Figures 1 and 2. The apparatus is so constructed that
when the key is pressed down, a double level, connected with it, pushes, from
The distance
underneath, a pin 3 through the paper ribbon 5, guided by toller> 4
At
of the hole made by the pin from the edge differs according to the key struck.
the same time the connecting rod 6 presses down the lever 7, which has a letter
on it, against a coloured ribbon 8 (Fig. 1), which should preferably be placed
over the middle of the register-ibbon. In consequence there will be written on
the register ibbon a running series of letters and other signs corresponding to the
holes. Each writing lever 2 has a finger at the end, which is tapered according to
the thickness of the corresponding letter. That huge 9 moves a cross bar 11
suspended by levers 10. The movement is transmitted by counecting rods 12, and
levers 13 to a hand 14, which with the help of a ratchet wheel or elastic coupling
moves correspondingly on a dial, graduated with letter thicknesses. The whole
dial corresponds to a length of line Before a line is finished, the bell 15 is struck,
and the writer can decide, whether he will nfake holes for another word, or stop.
The striking of a space-key is transmitted by a system of levers 12ª 13* to a
hand 16, which, also by means of a coupling or a ratchet wheel shows the number
of spaces between words and the total length of space taken up by those spaces, in
To that number the
one line, in points of millimetres o in any other measures.
wiiter has to add now the rest of the dial, through which the hand 14 has not yet
moved, and which it still shows, or, if the length of line is already too great, to
subtract from it the amount by which it is bigger. The number, which is anived
at in this way, has to be divided by the number of spaces, which result would give,
in points on millimetres or in any other used measures, the thickness of spaces to be
used. These calculations could of course be effected partly or completely in a

page_text: mechanical way by a suitable apparatus connected with the dial. Now the space
key marked with the space thickness, corresponding to the thickness found, will
be pressed, which results in a Justifying hole being made on the register at a
corresponding distance from the edge, after which, perforating for the next line
ean be commented. Should it be desired that the register be intelligible oily to
ceitam persons (cipher) the printing apparatus is dispensed with, so that the
register shows only holes. To decipher it, the apparatus could be used, shown on
Figure 3
In this apparatus the register ribbon passes unlet the cipher key S
which consists of a inle with the letters inscribed in the order chosen as basis of
the cipher. Froin this register ale rend proof-sheets, which, if there be a mistako
only in one letter or sign, are corrected by pasting a piece of paper over the false
hole and making a new hole in the right place. Should a whole word be wrong or
should there be a bigger mistake, the faulty part is cut out, a new pait correctly
perforated on the register apparatus and pasted on the register in the place of the
faulty one.
(2) The Contact Apparatus. The contact apparatus B and B are shown on
Figue 6 in plan, on Figure 5 on the lefthand side, in side view, connected with
the main body of the machine, while on Figure 10 they are shown in section. The
essential part of them is the contact bar Figure 10 consisting of a bar of ebonite 4
in which are let in metal strips I which nie connected through wnes with the electio-
magnets (Figure 10). These metal strips are separated by the register ribbon,
whilst it is being wound upon the roller 7 (Figures 5 and 10) from the rollet 7º,
from a corresponding number of metallic levets 1 (Figures 5, 6, and 10) which are
placed over them. But as soon as there is a hole in the register ribbon, the
corresponding contact lever I is pressed by the action of the sping 1b (Figmes 5
and 10) against the metal strip I. As shown diagrammatically in Figure 12, one
terminal of the source of electricity Ba is connected with the common axle 18°
(Figures 12, 10 and 5) of all the contact levers, whereas the other one is connected
through the coils of electromagnets with the metal strips [° Therefore during the
movement of the register ribbon between contact bar and contact levers, for each
hole in the bbou there will be a corresponding electio magnet excited.
The movement of the register ibbon is connected with the main driving geat of
the machine. The worm wheel B (Figures 4 and 5) diren by the worm S on the
mam shaft M in turning causes, by means of a crank K' and connecting rod Ca
movement to and fro of a bevel wheel E. This movement is transmitted by crank K
(Figures 4 and 5) and lever D to two levets F, connected one with another From
these and through two connecting rods 15" that movement is transformed into an
up-and-down movement of the cross-bai N (Figure 5). From the bar N the
movement is transformed by 16° into a swinging movement of the lever 2* (Figures 5
and 10) round its fulcium 17. Of these levers there are two in each contact
apparatus which are connected to the rod 18 caying the contact levels 1. In
consequence thest contact levers receive an up-and-down movement, which pushes
the register ribbon from the roller 7" to the roller 7" (Figures 5 and 10) But this
is not the only cause of the movement of the register. It is forced to move by two
guide rolleis 5 and 5° (Figures 5 and 10) which engage each other by a couple of
toothed wheels G and 65 (Figure 10) and are made to tun through certain angle
and back again through the roller being connected with the lever 2 by means
of an elastic coupling or ratchet wheel geat and of a connecting rod 3. The
movement of the register is helped by the roller 10 which is pressed by an
angle-lever 8 and the sping 9 (Figures 5 and 10) against the register tolled up
ou the roller 7 and which participates in the rotating of the two guide-rollers
It 18 in no way necessary that the contact apparatus should be mounted on the
machine fiame On the contrary, they can be placed at any distance from the
machine, when the movement of the register ribbon will still take place by replacing
for instance the lever 2 (Figures 5 and 10) by the armature of an electromagnet
which would be then excited by the turning of the worm wheel B (Figures 4
aud 5).

page_text: At
(3) The Main Body of the Machine. Figure 6 shows the plan of the main body
of the machine, and Figures 4 and 5 two vertical sectious, made in two planes at
right angles to each other. The annulus is divided into vertical letter canals,
Beparated from each other by partition. The number of the lettor canals
corresponds to the number of the waiting signs and justifying pieces to be used.
In these cauals separate letters are piled up horizontally with the face inwards, as
shown in the canal on the left hand of Figure 5, and are pressed upwards by the
action of springs and by guide rods Q (Figures 4 and 5) At the top of the canal
they are held fast by the spring (Figmes 5 and 13) fixed to the partitions.
the top end of the canals the type to be set are pushed out of their stores by
knockers 19 (shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6 and on a bigger scale in the Figure 13)
which are placed in a ring formed outside the cylinder and enter the letter stores,
us soon as the corresponding electio-magnet e of the ring of electromagnets, placed
above, is excited by the contact in the contact apparatus B. Because as soon as such
an electromagnet, which is shown in section in Figure 13 attracts its armature 18
the armature turns about the point 18° and turns the angle-lover 19ª about its
fulcrum 19 in such a way, that the knocker 19 connected to it by the link 19ª
pushes a letter (in Figure 13 it is the second from the top) out of the store on to
the letter track d. By the action of the spring 19 the knocker is then drawn
bach. The scrow 18 limits the angle through which the armature turns and the
screw 18 prevents the armature from sticking fast by preventing its actually
touching the core e³ of the electro-magnet. In this wise, letter after letter is
pushed on to the cylindrical track d (Figures 4, 5 and 6) formed by the flange of
the inner cylinder wall. The ring of the electromagnets for type-setting is
interrupted only in one place, shown on the left hand side of Figure 4, where one
of the electromagnets e is placed lower down in order to leave room for the galley,
placed just on the top of it. From the track d each letter is at once carried to a
collecting point by a couple of arms fand (Figures 4 and 6) swinging over the
track in opposite directions through an angle of nearly 180° and meeting at that
place in the position as shown on the Figure 6. This peculiar movement of the
(ring if and is produced by connecting the arm / with the bevel wheel Z
(Figure and the aim with the shaft F of the bevel wheel Z' which two bevel
wheels gear into the bevel wheel E, the latter swinging to and fro. According to
the position at which a letter is pushed on the circular track, it is pushed by one or
by other of the arms to the collecting place, whereas the second arm, arriving at
the place at the same moment, prevents the letter from shooting past that place.
At this place there is an opening in the track d through which the letter drops and
slides down an inclined track d' (Figures 4 and 17) on to the upper surface of the
segment (Figures 4 and 17) which turns and pushes it up the inclined bridge k
where in that way the letters are placed in a row. The letters are prevented
from sliding back from the bridge & by the catch of the spring (Figure 6). The
turning of the segment (Figure 4) is effected by a connecting rod from the
lever १ (Figures 4 and 5) which is connected by a rod T (Figure 5) with
the swinging bevel wheel E and in consequence moves to and fro. In this way on
the bridge
is formed a line of type, till, in consequence of a line-finishing mark
on the register the electro-magnet (Figures 4, 6 and 17) is excited and by
attracting its armature m releases the bridge which rested on the catch of this
armature. Through its own weight and that of the line of type on it, the bridge k
descends turning about the pivot n (Figure 4), till it reaches a horizontal position
next to the table of the galley S' (Figures 4 and 6). In Figure 17 are shown both
positions of the bridge & the horizontal one being in dotted lines. Now the line of
type has to be shoved over from the bridge & on to the galley This is effected by
a bar u which is shown in Figure 17 in front view and in Figure 7 in side view;
Figure 7 is to be imagined turned through an angle of 90° in such a way that the
spung hes below and the spring on the top. Figure 7 represents then the
galley S of Figures 4, 6 and 17, looking from the left side. The bridge in
Figure 7 is still in the inclined position and the bar u is kept back by a sping w.
B

page_text: The advancing of the bar u is brought about by the coming down of the bridge
in such a way, that the bridge in its movement downwards knocks against the
bell ciauk lever o (Figures 4 and 17). The turning of this lever connects the
shaft q with the levers through the coupling p so that the shaft participates in
the tuining of the levers which is effected through the connecting rod r (Figures 4,
6, 7 and 17) which is also joined to the lever g (Figure 4). The turning of the
shaft
qis transmitted through the rod t to the baru (Figures 7 and 17) with which
it is rigidly connected, the bar u moves in the direction of the bridge k and shoves
the line of type which is there, over to the galley. The lightened bridge k is then
again lifted by the spring (Figures 4, 7 and 17) and is ready for receiving the
next line of type.
It has now to be shown how the justifying of the lines 18 effected. As has been
mentioned before, in making the register the thickness of the justifying piece
suitable for each line is determined by the reckoning machine dividing the space to
be filled with justifying pieces by the number of spaces between the words. The
result indicates the suitable justifying piece for each line, which is marked on the
register by a special walk at the conclusion of each line The possibility of using
these marks for the justifying of that line is given by the fact that in the contact
apparatus the register is rolled off m the opposite direction, therefore the justifying
mark makes contact before the setting of the corresponding line begins. Therefore
the problem 18 ouly, to use this contact in such a way that when setting up the line
following it an electromagnet corresponding to the justifying piece of the suitable
thickness may be operated after each word. To this end the electromagnets e for
the stores filled with the justifying pieces are not conuected directly with the
contact apparatus, but the contact levers for the justifying marks are connected
with special relays (Figure 4) of which there are the same number, as the
number of different justifying pieces to be used in setting up the type. These
relays differ from the electromagnets used for working the knockers only in that
their armature a (Figure 4) when once attracted 1 held fast by the ratchet b₁.
The series of relays is seen in Figure 4 from the side. Figure 11 gives a section
of that series made between two relays, Figure 11 is the same section through one
of the relays and Figure 11B gives the front view of the series or Figmes 11
and 11 as seen from the left side. The number of relays is here limited to five..
It is clear from this, that the ratchet is one bar common to all relays, that it is
carried by two bars and drawn upwards by two springs b, which however are
both together weaker than each of the springs a separately (Figures 4, 11 and 114)
which try to pull the armature a off the relay. When one of the armatures 18
attracted an insulated screw c forms a contact with an insulated pin c'. As tho
Sciew C 18 connected with the contact piece of the contact apparatus, con esponding
to the mark of the space between words, and the pin e' with the electromagnet for
type setting which pushes out a justifying piece, corresponding to that relay, there
will be an electric connection between a contact for a space between words and a
certain electromagnet for justifying. This electromagnet therefore operates at
each contact for the space between words, and causes setting of the required
Justifying piece as long as the armature of the corresponding relay, held last by the
ratchet remains in the position in which it is brought when attracted by
the maguct. It remains in that position till at the commencement of a new line
through another justifying mark the current passes through another relay. By
the attraction of the new amature the ratchet bar will be pressed downwards,
releasing the first armature which will be brought back into its original position by
the spring a and holding the newly attracted armature fast, which makes work the
setting electromagnet of another justifying piece at each following space contact.
That process is shown diagrammatically in Figure 12. 4 represents the contact
bar with four contacts I and with the contact lovers 1ª movable round the axle 18°.
Let the hindmost contact 1° (1) aud 1° (2) be the two register marks for different
Linds 1 and 2 of justifying spaces, the next contact 1° (3) to be for the math of the
space between words and the front contact I° (4) for the mark for closing the line.

page_text: Let 13° be the electricity source, for instance an electric battery. Let e he the
typesetting electromagnet which pushes out of then store justifying pieces of the
kind (1) aude the one which pushes ont such pieces of the kind (2). Let rol
and be the relays corresponding to those justifying pieces, with the aimaties a
and 46. is the electromagnet which controls the descent of the bridge k
(Figure 17) and the shoving of the line of type on it over to the galley. Whilst
making the registor, there were repeatedly made in the lines equivalent marks for
the spaces between words. At the end of each line there was made a similar line-
closing mark for each line, therefore also marks coresponding to the suitable sort
of justifying piece, for instance sort (1) for that line. In the contact apparatus
these marks pass the contact bar in the reverse order. At first the justifying mark
closes a circuit through the contact-piece 1° (1) and excites by it the relay rr
which attracts its armature aº. This armature then connects contact piece 1° (3)
with the electromagnet e and remains in that position, till through another justifying
mark of the next or one of the next lines another relay is switched in, for
instance, relay through the contact 1 (2). Then the line closing mark makes
contact at 1° (4) and, by exciting the electiomagnet 1, produces shoving of the line
net last over to the galley, and leaves the letter bridge fiee to receive the next
line to be set Whenever there occurs in that new line a mark for the space
between words, the contact Ic (3) closes the circuit and so excites the electro-
magnet e as long as the armature of the relay is kept attracted by the magnet.
In this way each space between words in that line is filled up by the justifying
piece of the soit (I) If for the next line another justifying mark closes
contact (2), then for that line the relay 18 switched in, whereas at the same
time the amature of the relay r is released. That connects the magnet e with
the contact I (3) and so during the setting of that line the magnet will be
excited at each mark for space between words. Therefore, for that line will
be constantly used justifying pieces of the sort (2).
"
"
65
By using n gradations of justifying pieces between and of the quadrat
can be reached the exactitude of "n of the quadrat, by using 10 gradations
therefore the exactitude of of the quadrat. Of course the relays r r could be
placed separate from the main body of the machine. The distributing is performed
in a similar mannet by the electro-magnets with the aid of the same register, which
bas served before for setting up the type To that end the register is put last
letter forward" in the contact apparatus B' which is connected with the distributing
electromagnets e' (Figures 4, 5 and 6) but for the rest is of exactly sumilar
construction to that of the apparatus B. The matter to be distributed is brought
on the table of the distributing galley D' (Figures 4 and 6) which is equal to the
setting galley and is placed opposite so that the last line comes under the bai L
Figures 4 and 6. When the contact apparatus is operating, the justifying mark
causing contact produces at first in exactly the same fashion as for setting, the
attraction of the armature of a relay rr, of which there is the same number for
distributing as for setting. The armaturo which is held in that position just as
during the setting operation, similaily (each time that a mark for space between
words on the register produces a contact), excites a certain electromagnet for
distributing which corresponds to the justifying of that line, till the next line
through another justifying maik switches in another relay.
After the contact through the justifying mark comes the contact through the
line-closing mark. This contact in an analogous way to that which occured
during the formation of the line in the setting process, excites an electio-magnet (8
(Figure 4) duing the breaking up of limes in the distributing process. This
electromagnet controls the shoving of the line on to the bridge (Figure 4) and
the raising of this bridge together with the line to be distributed into the position
shown in Figme 4, by turning it round a pivot n'. This happens in the following
manner: the empty budge at first in an inchined position, falls on account of its
own weight, because the armature m' on the catch of which it rested (Figure 4)
being attracted by the electromagnet 1', relenses it. Through this the bridge

page_text: comes into horizontal position so that its upper surface is on the level with the
table D' of the distributing galley. Now the matter placed on the distributing
galley has to be moved forward the breadth of a line, so that one line should cross
from the table D' on to the bridge k. That movement is effected by an anglo
piece W (Figure 6) consisting of two parts, placed at right angles to each other.
One of these parts is a rack placed at right angles to the bridge &', whereas the
other, parallel to the budge is a simple bar, against which rests the inutter placed
on the distributing galley. Figure 8 shows the distributing mechanism seen from
the right-hand side, under the supposition that this figure is turned through an
angle of 90° in such a way that the pushing lever W is houzontal with the teeth
upwards. Figure 9 shows the sanie parts seen from underneath The pushing
lever W 18 held fast in its position by the catch & Figures 6, 8, and 9. Each tooth
corresponds here to the width of a line. The forward movement of the angle piece
through the width of one tooth is produced by the descent of the bidge in such
way, that in descending, the bridge (Figure 4) turns the angle-leves o'
(Figures 4 and 9) round its axis 17. The other arm of the lever catches with its
fork-end (Figures 4 and 9) the coupling o which can slide on the shaft q
When the angle-lever tuins, this last arm couples the lever ss (Figures 4, 8 and 9)
which can revolve round the shaft g', with this shaft, so that now the shaft g' has
to participate in the movement of the levor 8, s The movement of the lever & s is
a periodically swinging one produced by the tappet K of the swinging bevel
wheel E (Figure 4) and transmitted by the lever and connecting link In
this way during the time that the coupling o is coupled with ss (Figme 9) the
shaft is made to revolve, which movement is transmitted by the lever
(Figures 8 and 9) and connecting link to the ratchet gear s (Figures 6, 8 and 9)
and causes the angle piece W to move forward the width of one line, so that one
lime passes from the distributing galley D on to the bridge which is in its lowest
position. Meanwhile the tappet K of the bevel wheel E (Figure 4) moved down-
wards, presses down the end of the lever II and so raises the budge with a new
line of type in the original inclined position, till it finds a support in the finger
(or catch) of the now released armature m. The sliding down of the type is
prevented by fingers of the two springs (Figures 4 and 6) one of which is placed
on the front bar of the budge k and the other on the bar L (Figure 6) Up to
that point the line of type is pushed by the line driver ' under the action of the
spung 16 (Figure 4). This line driver has to push one letter of the line off
the bridge over the fingers of the springs into the holes 3b (Figure 6) of the
distributing wheel R (Figures 4, 5, 6 and 6^) at each movement of the machine.
These holes, consisting of a narrow slot 2 and of a wider part 3b corresponding to
the body and m depth to the thickness of the corresponding letter, are shown i
Figure 6 in plan, and in Figure 6 in longitudinal section through one of the holes.
How it is arranged, that the wheel R is always forced to come in such position,
that the hole corresponding to the letter just to be distributed comes in front of the
budge (Figures 4 and 6) will be explained later on, after it is explained, how
the front letter of the line, placed on the bridge is pushed into these holes by the
e-diver. To that end the line-drive (Figures 4, 6, 8 and 9) has the shape
of a rack, the teeth of which engage in a toothed wheel a' (Figures 4, 8 and 9).
At each movement of the machine this wheel 19 made to revolve by a system of
levers gls (Figure 4) and by a coupling (Figures 6 and 9) which is placed
on the axle of the toothed-wheel and works only in one sense of rotation, 60 that
the line-driver ' is moved forward. The stroke of the lever s is made a little
more than the thickness of the thickest letter. The line of type forced by the
hne-driver can move only as far as it is allowed by the depth of the recess 3b of
the wheel R (Figures 6 and 9) which happens to be on this spot. As that depth,
as will be shown later on, corresponds exactly to the thickness of the last letter,
that letter enters the recess, while the rest of the stroke 18 counteracted by the
spring on the connecting link e' (Figures 4 and 8). When at last the empty
bridge is lowered by the closing line-inark of the next hue, the line-driver h³ is

page_text: drawn back by a toothed segment (Figures 4 and 8) in which engages a toothed
wheel, and by a ratchet wheel v' (Figme 6). The toothed segment is fixed to
the ont side of the line driver, therefore in Figure 4, where this front side is taken
away is shown dotted. The line driver is pushed back so far, that it compresses
at the end of its movement the spring 16° (Figmes 4, 6 and 9) which is placed on
the guide bar W' (Figures 6 and 9) of the line driver so much that when the
budge Ases again with the line to be distributed, that spring is able to push
the line-duver up to that line
Now comes under consideration the movement of the aforementioned distributing
wheel R (Figures 4, 5, 6 and 6^) with its recesses, equal in number to the number
of different letters and signs and consisting of two parts 2 and 3" (Figures 6 and 6^)
The outer part 3 of the recess corresponds in width and depth to the letter to be
distributed, the inner part is destined to take up small levels (Figure 4) which
can tun round the horizontal pins 4. These levers catch with fingers 6 on their
top end in the fork-like recesses of the armatures m' of the distributing electio-
magnets e (Figures 4 and 5). According to an atmature m¹ being attracted by its
electiomagnet or not, the lever æ either comes in the position shown in Figure 5
on the right hand side, or in the position on the left hand side of the same figure
The last position is also the normal one, and the lever comes then very nearly to
the outer edge of the wheel R. But when through a mark on the register one
of the armatures m' is attracted, the lever corresponding to that letter, enters
completely into the slot 2b in the rim of the wheel, thus leaving the recess 3 free
for reception of that letter from the matter to be distributed, and at the same time
projecting its lower finger 5° out of the moer surface of the rim of the wheel, as
shown in Figure 5 on the right hand side. Now the problem is to turn the
wheel R so as to bring just that point of the wheel to the place where the letter to
be distributed falls from the bridge into the recess in the run of the wheel,
corresponding to its thickness. This turning of the wheel is produced by the
arms y y (Figures 4 and 6) which in exactly the same way as the arms ff ditven
by the bevel wheel K swing in opposite duectious from their original position
shown in Figures 4 and 6 on the right hand side till they come into the end
position, shown in the same figures on the left. In this movement one of the aims
meets the projecting finger 5 of the level . which is turned inwards, and so takes
with it in its further movement the wheel R, till it arrives at the point where the
movement of the wheel is stopped by the second arm, swinging from the opposite
direction. Now opposite to the letter to be distributed is the correct recess of the
rum of the wheel, equal to it in thickness and depth, the letter is forced in this
recess and the now backwards swinging arms y y' bring the wheel into its original
position so that the wheel has the tappet 7° (Figme 4 on the left and Figure 6 for
another position of the wheel) between the two me in their original position.
Dining all that time the attracted atmature m' remains in the position show o in
Figures 4 and 5 on the night, as it is held in that position by the catches 9b
(Figures 4, 5 and 6) of which there is only oue shown in Figure 6. Those catches
can then tuin round the axle 8b and are pressed by the action of the springs 10°
(Figure 6) against the amature and carly a pin 11 (Figures 4, 5, and 6) against
which pushes the head of the turned-inwards levels, each time when the wheel R
comes back in its normal position. The conesponding armature m¹ jumps then
under the action of the spring 12h (Figures 4 and 5) back into its normal position
(Figures 4 and 5 on the left) and moves the upper part of the levu mwards, so
that its lower part throws the letter out of the recess 3b (Figure 5) so that the
letter glides now down into the letter store, placed underneath This letter has
yet to be pressed under the fingers of the springs (Figure 5). This is effected by
the pressers d of which there is one projecting into each letter canal. These
pressers form outside the machine annulus aforesaid a ing on crown of quadrants.
They are connected by having alternately slots, and pins 2b engaging in these slots,
so that they all participate in the turning movement of both the pressers, shown on
Figure 5, which movement is produced by the rods connected with the moving up

page_text: and down bar N. At the moment when a letter to be distributed glides out of the
distributing wheel R the bar N is in its lowest position. When the bar moves up,
the letter is pressed by the presser under the finger of the spring and so is
added to the letters already placed in the store, which closes the process of
distributing for that letter.
There remains to be mentioned a very important arrangement indispensable for
the safe working of the machine. That is an automatic signalling when a letter
store is too full or too empty. For this purpose the outer bar Q of the arrangement
for pressing the letters in their stores upwards (Figures 4, 5 and 4) has a tappet 23,
whereas the side bar is a little prolonged downwards. When a caual is nearly
empty, and therefore the pressing bar is very high, then the tappet 23 tonches
finally the contact-screw 24 which switches in an electric alarm and, in case of
several machines, a flap with the number of the machine thereon, is caused to fall.
A similar thing happens when the canal is nearly full and the pressing bar, being
low down, touches, at the bottom of the machine, fixed contact-springs 25 (Figures 5
and 14^). In a similar way contacts could be produced when the setting galley is
filled or the distributing one emptied or when the register ribbon in the contact-
apparatus comes to an end.
Another safety at rangement consists in placing the worm S2 (Figure 4) on the
diving shaft M (Figures 4 and 5) in such a way that the worm should be able to
slide up and down and should be pressed down by a sping 18. Should the working
of the machine be disturbed through any cause, for instance through a strange
body falling m, or though one of the letters in the type to be distributed being
turned, and therefore not cori esponding to any mark on the register and con-
sequently not having been removed as it did not ht in the recess of the distributing
wheel, corresponding to the turned letter, then the worm S³ not being able to move
the worm wheel B noves upwards, compressing at the same tune the spring 18.
This movement is utilised for stopping the machine with or without simultaneous
ringing of an alarm. In Figure 4 an electromotor is taken as the motor. The
upwards movement of the worm S turns the lever J round the point 19, and the
tappet 20, fixed at the other end of the lever J pushes the lever 21 and so works a
snitch P which interupts the current in the aimature of the electromotor and at
the same time can short-circuit it in order to stop it quicker.
The described system can of course be modified in several points. For instance
the marks for closing lines could be altogether dispensed with when making the
register. In that case the electiomagnets and (Figure 4 on the light and left
sides) which used to be excited by means of those marks and which operate the
lowering of the bridges and can be excited by the catch-bar 6 of the
relays (Figures 11 and 11") closing the necessary contact, as soon as one of
those relays attracts its armature in consequence of the justifying marks at the end
of each line.
Then the marks for closing lines could be kept, but the justifying maiks left out,
in which case the apparatus for calculating correct justifying should be separated
from the registering apparatus and connected with the contact apparatus or with
the main body of the machine, so that this calculating apparatus registers from
them the lengths of lines and the number of spaces between words according as the
contacts of the register-marks are released by the contact of the line closing mark
and then automatically produces contact for the relay, corresponding to the
justifying of each line.
The to-and-fio swinging movement of the aims ff' (Figure 4) could be dispensed
with by making them revolve. Then at both the points where they meet, one of
the arms or both would move in a vertical direction along their axis in such a way
that one passes over the other and continues to revolve. Also these arms could be
replaced by a brush evolving round its vertical axis, with bristles downwards or
by a ring of bristles, which would move the letters lying on the circular track d
(Figures 4 and 6) to the gathering place. When a letter is pushed out of its store
on to this track, the brush could be lifted for a short time.

page_text: Should these arrangements be adopted, then the pushing of letters to be set, out
of their stores, is effected by knockers 19b (Figs. 4 and 5) operated directly by the
setting electro-magnets e. But instead of this that movement could be produced by
electro-magnets indirectly, so that the knockers would be pressed in by the ung 60
(Fig. 15). To this ring is transmitted by two connecting links 61, of which only
the left hand one is to be seen in Fig. 15, an up-and-down movement of the
crossbar 61. The up-and-down movement of the cross-bar 61 is caused by
connecting loks 61ª (Figs. 15 & 15) through two levers 62 and two cams 63, fixed
on the shaft of the worm wheel B (Fig. 4, 5 & 15) In the ring 60 is turned a
groove in which enters one arm of the levels 64 Therefore they will be forced to
Oscillate when the ring moves up and down. The other end of these angle-levera
of which there is the same number as of the letters and signs, has a finger 65.
When one of the electio-magnets e is excited, its armature 66 presses down a
sping 68 which is fixed to each knocker 67 The end of the spring 68 has a
hinge 69 in which the forward-moving finger 65 of an angle-lever catches and so
moves forward the knocker 67. The retuin movement of the knockers is caused
by the action of the spring 70 but could also be produced by the angle-lever 61, if
its finger 65 and the huge 69 on the sping 68 receive a suitable shape somewhat
as shown in Fig. 16, when a sliding piece 71 placed over the sping 68 prevents its
shooting upwards till the knother has returned into its original position.
The machine permits the use of different type. To that end the canals are so
arranged that those adjoin each other which contain the same letter etc in different
types. So, after a in brever follows a in nonpareil etc. The knockers for
ench letter etc. are not repeated. Especial marks in the register for that purpose
give contacts for electro-magnets, in consequence of which the ng carrying the
knockers and their electro-magnets is tuned so that the knockers stop in front of
the canals with the desued kind of type for the following words or sentences, and
remain in that position till the ring is turned again by another corresponding hole
in the register.
The manner in which this movement of the knockers, when using different styles
of type, is effected, is illustrated in Figs 18 & 18^. Should more than one style of
type be used then the electro-magnets e operating the knockers for setting aro
mounted on a double ring 40 (Fig. 18) which runs on steel balls 41 in order to
facilitate tuning. Another double ng 40, which also can tuin on steel balls
carries the electro-magnets e' for distributing. For each of these ing systems in
order to start the turning movement there are two electio-magnets 42 & 42ª
mounted on the frame of the machine. Of these electro-magnets, the upper ones
working the g for setting are shown in side view, the bottom ones in section,
while in Fig. 184 is given an underside view of such a system of magnets.
The armatures 43 and 43° can turn round a common axis 44 and are kept from
the poles by the lever 46 which can tuin round the point 47 and on which acts the
sping 45 (Fig. 18 at the top) through connecting links 48 and a piece 49. One
end of the lever 46 has a pin 50, which, when there is no current in the coils of
the clectro-magnets, catches in one of the holes 51 which are present in duplicate
in each of the two lower rings of the two ing systems, under the influence of the
spng 45. Through this catching of the pin in the holes, the corresponding
system is held fast in its end position. The armature 43 (Figs. 18 and 184) 18
continued at one end and shaped into a lever, which holds with its end a clutch 52ª
(Fig 18) which is fixed on the shaft 53 (Figs. 18 and 184) with koy and groove so
that it can slide. The armature 43 (Fig. 18) is continued downwards, so that it
also holds a clutch 52 (Figs. 18 and 184) which can slide on the same shaft 53.
The mg Z (Fig. 18) which in the case of such an arrangement moves the knockers
moves at the same time a toothed segment 54 which engages another toothed
segment 55 (Figs. 18 and 18*, loose on the shaft 53, and so causes it to oscillate.
Ou the top of the shaft 53 is fixed a crank 56 (Fig. 18) which is connected by a
connecting rod 57 with a finger 58 on the ung 40 and 40s which can turn. Should
the machine cominence setting another kind of type, then through a suitable mark

page_text: made to this end on the register, by means of the contact apparatus B the electro-
magnet 42 will be excited, in consequence of which the arresting pin 50 will be
drawn out of the hole in which it happened to be, whilst at the same time, the
clutch 52 will be pushed against the toothed segnient 55 In consequence of this
the shaft 53 will be coupled with that segment and participating in its movement,
will push the ring by means of the crank 36, connecting 1od 57 and finger 58 into
the position corresponding to another kind of type. Then the electro-magnet
which receives no ment, at the next movement of the machine releases its
armature which is diawn off the poles by the spring 45, lever 46, connecting
rod 48, and the piece 49, while at the same time the pin 50 is introduced into a new
hole 51 corresponding to the new kind of type, and so fixes the ring in its new
position.
The change of type while distributing, is effected through the same register
mark by the contact apparatus B in an exactly similar way.
In the above described machine ordinary letters can be used without any
signature, because the distributing as mentioned before, is effected with the same
register which was used to set the mattor. The use of the register has the
following advantages ;-
The staff of the printing works can be supplied with apparatus for making holes
in the register and so prepare the register from the MSS. The use of logotype
allows the author to dictate to an experienced typewriter. The last is then able to
read the register (regarding that as a proof) at once, so that setting, printing the
proof-sheets, seading them from place to place, also the correction of the set type
are dispensed with, which results in a considerable gain of time. The work of
setting is not now so disagreeable as the register writer has not to handle type.
On the same ground the noxious influence of the metal dust on the health is
removed. The amount of type used is small, as the letters are not thrown pell-
mell together as happens with hand work. The printing establishment wants less
type because if it should be necessary to take new copies, the matter set need not
be retained, but simply the register, which can be used as often as necessary.
But the chief advantage is that with the aid of these machines the setting is
much quicker than in any other way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
clann 18;-
1. A machine for setting justifying and distributing type at the same time.
characterised by a register with marks for different type, which register excites
electro-magnets for causing the letters which are to be set to be pushed out of
their stores on to a circular track on which they are moved by two arms swinging
to-and-fro through the same angle to a gathering point, where the types are placed
by a knocker in a row on a turning bridge and then shoved on to the galley, whilst
the justifying is performed in such way that a register mark made at the end of
cach line causes, by means of relays at cach mark for a space between words of
that line, electio-magnets for setting to be excited which produces setting of the
Justifying piece con esponding to that mark, whereas the distributing of the matter
after use is effected through the same register in such way that the register marks
again excite the electro-magnets the armatures of which make a disc o a wheel
(Buch as R with recesses on its circumference) always take up such position that
The recess which in the normal position of the disc or wheel is placed opposite the
corresponding letter store, moves up to the place where the type to be distributed
are pushed one by one into the recesses in the disc or wheel, so that after the disc
or wheel has resumed its normal position the letter can glide out of the recess into
the letter store corresponding to it, substantially as described.
2 In a machine such as described in Claim 1 an arrangement for transferring
the line set to the setting galley, and for dividing a line out of the distributing
galley which is of such construction that the register mark switching in the

page_text: relays (rr) causes at the same time an electro-magnet to be excited, the armature
of which transmits the movement to the set line (that is to say to the line to be
distributed) substantially as described.
3. In a machine such as described in Claim 1 the use of special marks on the
register for enabling different kinds of type to be employed by effecting contact for
electro-magnets which cause the ring carrying the knockers and their electro-
magnets to move so that during the setting which follows, the knockers push the
letters out of another set of canals or during the distributing throw them into
other cauals, till through another register mark the ung receives now movement
substantially as described.
4. In a machine such as described in Claim 1 in order to avoid breaking the
machine, automatic stopping or switching out of the motor as soon as the machine
offers too great a resistance, with or without simultaneous starting of an alarm, in
such a way that the driving shaft or the transmission gear on it is so placed that it
can move longitudinally, and does move in that direction as soon as the resistance
to the revolving of the shaft is sufficient to overcome the force holding the movable
part in its noimal position, for instance the force of gravity, substantially as
described.
5. In a machine such as described in Claim 1 the use of levers such as a which
when the corresponding distributing electro-magnets (e 1) are excited, move in such
a way that the aims (y y 1) in the movement take with them one of theso levers
and so introduce the letter to be distributed into the proper store substantially as
described.
6. In a machine such as described in Claim 1 during the setting forcing the
distributed letters into collesponding canals by means of knockers din readiness
for setting substantially as described.
7. In a machinc such as described in Claim 1 such an arrangement that the
mechanism cari ying the letters and sliding in the setting canals in the vicinity of
both ends of its stroke closes an electric circuit which siguals the threatening
overfilling, or emptying, of the corresponding letter store, with which arrangement
may be connected an automatic arrangement for stopping the machine, substantially
as described.
8. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete
apparatus for setting justifying and distributing type substantially as described
aud illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 17th day of July 1895.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.