Improvements in Implements for Cultivating and Sowing Land.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1890-Accepted. 20th Dec.
1800
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Implements for Cultivating and Sowing Land.
I, HALSEY HEALEY MONROE, of Thomaston, in the County of Knox and State of
Maine, United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
5 It is the object of my invention to provide such improvements in rotary harrows as
will effect a thorough pulverization or working of the ground over which they pass
and upon which they operate, and which work may be effected at a minimum
expenditure of draft or power.
It is also the object of my invention to provide improvements in rotary harrows
which will better adapt them for use in connection with planters, organizing and
constructing them so as that a more through working of the ground may be effected
between the rows than has heretofore been accomplished.
It is also the object of my invention to provide such improvements in rotary
harrows as that the same may be more readily transported from place to place "off
the field," than heretofore.
It is also the object of the invention to utilize the means whereby the depth of
work of the harrows is regulated to contribute the harrowing or pulverizing of the
ground.
It is also the object of the invention to provide other improvements in rotary
harrows incidental to the foregoing.
The invention will first be described with reference to the annexed drawings and
the letters of reference marked thereon, forming a part of this Specification, and
then be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
In said drawings,
Figure 1 is a top plan view of one form of my improved harrow employed in
connection with the planter, the draft pole or tongue not being represented.
Fig. 1 is a side view of the portion of the harrow shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is a side view of another form of the same.
Fig. 3 is a vertical central sectional view of the rear depth regulated harrow and
its adjuncts.
Fig. 4 is a sectional detail view showing the manner of constructing and arranging
the wheels or rollers when the same are employed in the harrow.
Fig. 5 is a sectional detail view showing a way in which pressure may be applied
to one side of the harrows and be adjusted to circumstances in order to effect a
proper rotation of the harrow.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view of another form of harrow embodying some of my
mprovements.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinally vertical sectional view of Fig. 6.
The same letters of reference designate the same parts or features, as the case may
be, wherever they occur.
In the drawings (referring to the constructions shown in Figures 2 to 5, inclusive,
n Sheet 2) a designates two side beams upon king-bolts b, passing through which
he main or forward harrows c are journaled so that they may rotate for a purpose
ell known.
dare ploughs or furrow openers which, when the harrow is employed as a planter,
re secured to the cross beam e, hinged to a similar beam, which is connected to the
de beams a. The furrow openers d, in the construction under consideration, are
cated in front of the seed hoppers g from which seed may be dropped by a person
tting on the seat h and actuating the lever i.
designates the driver's seat, arranged above, or it may be upon, a cross beam k
[Price 8d.1

page_text: extending between the harrows c, preferably from points centrally over the latter.
The lever, fulcrumed on the cross beam m and connected by a pitman n with the
hinged beam.e, is so positioned that the driver may readily reach and manipulate it
to raise the furrow openers d out of operative position when circumstances may
require this to be done.
o are rollers journaled in the ends of pivoted bars p (shown only in dotted lines
in Fig. 1), which rollers bear on the upper surface of the rims y of the harrows c at
a point preferably beneath the support for the driver's seat j, and where rims 9 most
nearly approach each other.
r designates screw bolts passing through the cross beam and bearing on the
pivoted bars p, to regulate the pressure of the rollers o on the rims q.
s designates a cross beam extending between the side beams a, and connected to
the latter at any desired point to the rear of the points at which the harrows care
journaled.
t is a harrow journaled so that it may rotate on a bolt u connected with the cross
beams s at a point intermediate of the side beams a. The upper end of the bolt u
is screw threaded and provided with nuts v, one arranged above the cross beam s
and the other below it, so that the harrow t, which is arranged to rotate on the
lower end of said bolt, may be vertically adjusted, as will be readily understood by
reference to Fig. 3.
w is a screw threaded bolt vertically adjustable with respect to cross beam S, in the
same manner and by the same means as king-bolt u is made adjustable in the latter
part, which bolt c is provided at its lower end with a roller a arranged to bear
upon the rim g of the harrow t, for the purpose of effecting the rotating of the
latter as it is drawn over the ground.
y designates bolts also adjustable by means of nuts in cross beam s, which bolts
extend downward and rearward and provided on their lower ends with wheels z
arranged to travel on the ground.
When the wheels are employed at all I equip the harrow with two, and arrange
them on opposite sides of the harrow t, and it may be on a cross beam separate
from, and in the rear of the said harrow t, so that in transporting the harrow off the
field the forward end may be raised and attached to a wagon or other vehicle, and the
rearward end may be carried upon said wheels z.
The screw threaded bolts and nuts are shown as a means for adjusting the harrow t
and wheels and vertically, though I may employ any other mechanical expedient
for accomplishing the same purpose.
By my improved harrow, as thus far described, seed dropped from the hoppers into
the furrows made by the plough or furrow openers d, will be thoroughly covered by
the rotating harrows c which, being comparatively small, will rotate.freely, thoroughly
pulverizing the earth in their path, and the rear harrow t, also comparatively small,
will operate upon the earth in the same manner on a path lying between the
harrows c and slightly overlapping the same, the rear harrow t also serving to bear
up the forward harrows e, and thus regulate the working depth of the latter, such
depth being greater or less in accordance with the vertical adjustment of the rear
harrow.
Under most circumstances the roller may be dispensed with in the use of the
harrow, though in some instances I prefer to employ them in the field, and when so
used they may be adjusted to meet the exigencies of the existing case.
It is to be observed that I may dispense with the furrowing and seed dropping
mechanism and may use my improved machine for simply harrowing purposes, for
which purpose or end it is most efficient, and when it is so employed I may secure to
the king-bolt of each harrow a plough or furrow opener ², as shown most clearly
in Fig. 7, which plough may be made vertically adjustable by bolts and nuts, or screws,
on the king-bolt to regulate its working depth with respect to the working depth of
the teeth of the harrow. When the harrow is so organised or equipped the plough d
will make a furrow in the ground, which furrow the operation of the harrow as it
passes thereover will close.

page_text: In employing the implement as a seeler equipped with three harrows 1 may
provide the central rear harrow with a plough d, as shown in Fig. 7, so that the
ground between the planted rows will be as thoroughly and effectively worked as on
the line of the rows themselves.
The harrows being small in diameter rotate much more freely than they would if
they were of the usually large diameter, and at the same time less draft or force is
required to operate them than is required in the use of ordinary harrows covering the
same width of ground; and beside this the rapid operation of the harrows effects a
more thorough working of the ground than does the slower rotation of the larger
harrows commonly employed.
In some instances, having reference to Fig. 1, 1 may extend the side beams a
rearwardly shown at a¹, in the ends of which are arranged vertically adjustable bolts b¹
provided with elongated eyes c adapted to receive the ends of the journaled shafts d'
of the rollers e¹. The shaft d passes through an adjustable eye-bolt 1 passing
through the end of the centre beam g', the eye-bolt having a round bearing
sufficiently large only to admit the shaft d' and permit it to turn therein This
construction is employed when it is desired to nicely "finish" the ground after
planting and harrowing, as before explained.
Where a
single harrow is employed, as is in some instances expedient, I may
provide the driver's seat with rollers at each end bearing upon the rims of the
harrow, as shown in Fig. 6, so that the driver by sitting upon the seat j one side of
the centre thereof will bring greater weight upon the rim of the barrow at that side,
and cause its rotation.
With this construction 1 may extend the draft beam rearwardly and connect it
with the rollers e', similar to the manner in which the centre beam g' is shown as
connected therewith in Fig. 1, and instead of extending the side beans rearwardly, as
shown at a¹, I may connect the outer ends of the rollers e' with the cross beam by
means of chains h¹, as is clearly represented in Fig. 6. I may also provide the
rollers e¹ with radially projecting pins in order to insure the rotation of said
rollers.
It is obvious that changes may be made in the form and arrangement of parts
comprising my invention, without departing from the nature and spirit thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is:
1. A rotary harrow consisting of two side harrows c, the intermediate harrow t
rearwardly arranged, and the wheels z arranged on the opposite sides of the latter
harrow, as set forth.
2. In a rotary harrow the furrow openers and seed-dropping mechanism, combined
with the side harrows c adapted to travel in the path of the furrow openers, and
the intermediate harrow t adapted to operate in a path lying on a line between the
harrows c, as set forth.
3. In a rotary harrow the side harrow c, combined with the rearward harrow ¹
arranged to operate in a path lying on a line between the side harrows, the said
rearward harrow being vertically adjustable to regulate the depth of the working in
the forward, as set forth.
4. In a rotary harrow, the combination with the harrow t, of the cross beams, the
bolt w, nuts von said bolt above and below said cross beam, and the roller or wheel.
journaled in the lower end of the said bolt and bearing on the rim of the said harrow,
as set forth.
5. In a rotary harrow, the side or forward harrow c, combined with the rear
harrow constructed and arranged to carry a portion of the weight of the forward
harrows and to regulate the depth of working of the latter, as set forth.
6. A rotary harrow consisting of the two side barrows c, the intermediate harrow,
and the vertically adjustable rollers e¹, as set forth.

page_text: 7. A rotary harrow having a plough secured to the king-bolt or hub upon which the
harrow turns, as set forth.
8. A rotary harrow having a vertically adjustable plough secured to the king-bolt
or hub upon which the harrow turns, as set forth.
9. A rotary harrow having a plough secured thereto at a central point, with a roller
or rollers in the rear thereof, as set forth.
10. A rotary harrow having a plough adjustably connected with the king-bolt thereof,
a roller or rollers in the rear of the harrow, and a draft or central beam adjustably
connected with the roller or rollers, as set forth.
11. A rotary harrow provided with a roller or rollers in the rear thereof, with
which rollers the draft beam is adjustably connected, as set forth.
12. A rotary harrow provided with rollers having radially projecting pins in
the rear thereof, hetween which rollers the draft beam is adjustably connected, as
set forth.
HALSEY HEALY MONROE.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.