CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF A MACHINE USED FOR THROSTLE AND WATER SPINNING OF THREAD OR YARE, WHETHER THE SAID THREAD OR YARN BE FARRICATED FROM COTTON, FLAX SILK, WOOL, OR ANY OTHER FIRROUS SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES WHAT- SOEVER; WHICH SAID IMPROVED MACHINE IS 50 CONSTRUCTED AS TO PERFORM THE OPERATIONS OF SIZING AND TWISTING IN OR OTHERWISE REMOVING THE SUPERFLUOUS FIBRES FROM THE SAID THREAD OR YARN, AND IS ALSO: APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSE OF PREPARING & ROVING FROM THE SAME
Year: 1825

page_text: ANDREW, TARLTON, AND SHEPLEY'S SPECIFICATION.
"
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we; JONATHAN
ANDREW, GILBERT TARLTON, and JOSEPH SHEPLBY, all of Crumpsall, near Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did;
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eleventh day of January, in the fifth year of His reign, for
Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said Jonathan
Andrew, Gilbert Tarlton, and Joseph Shepley, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or our or their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such
others as we, the said Jonathan Andrew, Gilbert Tarlton, and Joseph Shepley,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of fourteen years
from the date of the said Letters Patent next ensuing, should and lawfully.
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF A MACHINE USED FOR THROSTLE AND WATER SPINNING OF THREAD OR
YARE, WHETHER THE SAID THREAD OR YARN BE FARRICATED FROM COTTON, FLAX,
SILK, WOOL, OR ANY OTHER FIRROUS SUBSTANCE OR MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES WHAT-
SOEVER; WHICH SAID IMPROVED MACHINE IS 50 CONSTRUCTED AS TO PERFORM THE
OPERATIONS OF SIZING AND TWISTING IN OR OTHERWISE REMOVING THE SUPERFLUOUS
FIBRES FROM THE SAID THREAD OR YARN, AND IS ALSO: APPLICABLE TO THE PURPOSE
OF PREPARING & ROVING FROM THE SAME;" in which said Letters Patent there'

page_text: is contained a proviso, obliging us, the said Jonathan Andrew, Gilbert Tarlton,
and Joseph Shepley, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Jonathan Andrew, Gilbert Tarlton, and Joseph Shepley, do hereby declare that
the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, is described and ascertained as follows, that is to say:-
The object of this our Invention is a more complete and expeditious method
than any hitherto practised of throstle and water spinning, and doubling of
thread or yarn, whether the said thread or yarn be fabricated from cotton, flax,
silk, wool, or other fibrous substance or mixture of substances whatsoever. The
spindle commonly used for throstle spinning is from fifteen to eighteen inches
in length; at the upper end of it is fixed by a screw a flyer with its forks down-
ward. This flyer varies in size, according to the counts or number. of the yarn
intended to be spun, but the most general size is about two inches and a half
wide and three inches long. From the top of the spindle to the first bearing,
which is denominated a bolster, is about seven inches; the bearing itself is
about one inch, and from the under side of the bolster to the footstep at the
bottom of the spindle is about nine inches. A concave receptacle. for a band,
called a wharve, is placed on the spindle, between the bolster and the footstep,
.at such a height as best suits the band. A bobbin with heads or shoulders at
each end is put quite loose upon the spindle underneath the flyer, and above
the bolster, and is alternately raised up and let down by means of a heart wheel,
levers, &c., in order to spread the yarn regularly thereon. Washers made of
coarse woollen cloth are placed on the plate to prevent the bobbin from
revolving with the spindle, and to put just so much pressure upon the thread
as will make it take up regularly at the same speed as it is given out by a
pair of delivering rollers. But when this spindle, owing to its great length, is
driven at a greater speed than about four thousand revolutions in the space of
a minute, it begins to vibrate and jar above the bolster; it then catches the
bobbin (especially if much worn), and carrying it round with the spindle,
destroys the pressure upon the yarn, breaks it, causes it to become waste, and
thereby renders it useless, and the attempt to spin it at a much greater velocity
than we have just mentioned occasions much loss of time and expenso. The

page_text: spindle which we have invented is double; the exterior part, which is perforated,
is one inch and a half long; at the top are placed the wharve and the flyer;
the latter is inverted, having the forks upward, each fork being bent back half
an inch in the form of a swan's neck, with an eye or hole at the extremity of the
neck to receive the thread. The flyer is about two inches wide, and two inches
and three quarters long to the top of the bend or swan's neck. Immediately
beneath the wharve is a bearing or bolster (whose upper side is concave), of
about three-eighths of an inch thick, which bolster forms part of a tube which
exactly fits the hole in the centre of the spindle. Underneath the bolster is
a continuation of the tube, which screwed on the outside, and, by means of
a nut, the whole is attached to spindle box or rail; this tube is drilled through
or perforated, and for about three-eighths of an inch from the top an interior
spindle is exactly fixed to it, for which it acts as a bolster, and below it is
drilled wider, to allow the interior spindle to revolve without touching its lower
end. The interior or copping spindle may be from eight to eleven inches long,
and is about three-sixteenths of an inch in diameter at the thickest part; it
passes entirely through the exterior or twisting spindle and intermediate tube,
and stands two inches and a half or more if required above the bottom of the
flyer on the exterior one, or nearly as high as the top of the flyer band; its
lower end rests in a footstep placed in a frame, to which is attached an alter-
nate rising and falling motion, and a bobbin without heads or shoulders at
either end, being placed either fast or loose, as thought best, on its upper end,
and above the exterior spindle, and within the flyer, receives the yarn from it;
and the delivering rollers with the same invariable pressure or drag, which we
regulate by means of tape, band, or narrow list, and a weight at the foot of it;
or if the interior spindle do not revolve, then by a washer at the lower end of
the bobbin upon a brass braid, fixed on the copping spindle for that purpose.
The speed, however great, of the exterior spindle can never affect it, because it
is entirely separated from it by the intermediate tube, and the exterior spindle
is fitted so firmly upon the bolster or tube, which is only one inch and a half
long, as effectually to prevent the vibration, and the interior being also fitted so
firmly in its footstep and bolster that they cannot possibly touch each other,
we thereby completely remedy the defect of the catching and revolving of the
bobbin with the spindle which destroys the drag, and therefore the drag or
pressure upon the thread is always regular and easy. Our spindle is capable
of being driven at a speed of six thousand revolutions in the space. of a minute,
and at that or even a greater rate to spin well. By means of the internal
spindle being connected with an eccentric conical heart motion, we are enabled
to form a cap similar to those which are spun by a mule machine. We spin the

page_text: yarn upon the upper end of the spindle itself, without using any bobbin what-
ever, and when the cop is formed we draw it off in the same manner as from
the mule. By this method of spinning, we can reel the yarn better and at less
expence than it usually costs for reeling throstle bobbins. The heart, which is
conical, revolves on its own axis, and moves from the larger end, which forms
the bottom of the cop, to the smaller end, which forms the top of the cop, once
in each set of cops upon the pulley to which it gives motion. The rollers in
general use for the purpose of drawing the roving into the thickness necessary
for the thread or yarn are three pair, that is to say, three iron fluted rollers.
of equal size undermost; upon that which is place to the roving is a plain or
unfluted iron roller uncovered; upon the middle one is also another plain
iron roller uncovered; and upon the front or roller next to the spindle is placed
another small plain iron roller, having upon it two spaces covered with woollen
cloth and sheep's leather, which spaces are the parts which touch the roving
drawn by it; to this latter roller is attached by means of a brass hook an iron
weight, varying from eight to twenty pounds, used for the purpose of pressing
it more closely upon the fluted roller upon which it rests.
In all descriptions of cotton and such like material there are long and short
fibres, which fibres have to be displaced and drawn out from amongst each
other in the drafts requisite to bring the cotton, &c. in the state of a roving
to the thickness of the thread or yarn spun therefrom, for which purposes, as is
well known, it passes between the fluted and plain rollers above described.
The back pair receives or takes in the roving from the creel, and delivers it to
the second pair, which second pair, revolving on their own axis at a greater
speed than the first pair, draws or extends the roving very considerably. The
first and second pair are generally placed at a greater distance than the length
of the staple or fibres, as from the smallness of the draft the fibres are not
much subject either to be drawn unequally or to curl up in that process. The
material is then delivered by the second pair to the third pair, which revolves,
at an increased speed to the second, and consequently extends or draws out the
fibres to a proportionate increase of length. The second and third pair of
rollers are placed at just the distance of the longest fibres, in order to prevent
them from being cut off or broken by the pressure unavoidably used; but the
result of this latter process is, that the short fibres, being sooner set at liberty
by the second pair than they can possibly be taken up by the third pair, are
very liable to rise and curl up, and to be drawn unequally in their passage
from one pair to the other, and to form inequalities in and throw up a great
number of loose and superfluous fibres on the thread or yarn, which receives
its twist immediately on being delivered by the third pair of rollers.

page_text: To remedy the two last-mentioned defects, we have invented and made use of
an additional pair of rollers, which we place between the second and third pair,
above described. Our bottom roller is iron, of the thickness only of about five-
eighths of an inch, and made plain or without flutes; and upon this we place
another small roller, which is made of wood or some other very light material.
This pair of rollers by being placed at the distance of the length of the shortest
fibres from the second and third pair, and driven at a quicker speed than the
second pair, gives equal drafts to the short fibres, and prevents them from
rising and curling up, and at the same time does not break or injure the longer
fibres, which are drawn from between them by the third pair of rollers. And
as our additional pair of rollers remedies the defect in the old principle, not
only of unequal drafts and carding in the short fibres, but the breaking of the
long fibres, it tends to produce a more even thread, and almost entirely without
superfluous fibre; but as there would still remain a very small portion of fibre
on the thread or yarn, we make use of a plain copper roller placed between
the delivering pair of rollers and the top of the spindle, from which it receives
its twist, the upper surface of which roller touches the yarn, whilst its under
surface is immersed in a trough containing size, or any other description of
liquor that may best answer the purpose. This roller revolves in a direction
opposite to, and at double the speed of, the thread or yarn in its passage from
the delivering rollers to the bobbin or spindle on which it is wound, and carry-
ing with it a portion of size from out of the trough, it sizes the thread, and at
the same time lays the remaining fibres, and throws the twist received from the
spindle directly between the delivering rollers, and thereby twists in the fibres
as it is given out by the same rollers; and also in fine yarns prevents a great
deal of breakage and waste, by reducing the drag or pull of the weight of the
bobbin on its weakest part, which is always that part immediately next to the
delivering rollers. The sized thread when wound upon the bobbin, owing to
the great current of air constantly produced by the flyers, will be found suffi-
ciently dry for general purposes; but if not, it can easily be rendered more so
by applying a heated roller to be placed under the sizing roller, or a small jet
of flame to be produced from a tube or roller, with perforated holes at given
distances, by means of oil, gas, or some other convenient method. The machine
thus performs the operation of sizing and twisting in or removing the super-
fluous fibres from the thread or yarn, which is now in a fit state for use without
any further operation of dressing, sizing, singing, or any other process usually
adopted to deprive it of its fibre.
Instead of the small top from roller now in general use, and described above
as having upon it two spaces covered with woollen cloth and sheep's leather,

page_text: 1
and as having attached to it heavy weights to occasion additional pressure
upon the fluted roller on which it rests, we have also invented and use an
iron roller of a similar description, but of larger dimensions, being about four
'pounds in weight and two inches in diameter. This roller is sufficiently heavy
without the additional weights, used upon the old principle, for the
of
drawing out the fibres, and is thereby a considerabló saving of power, oil,
⚫ and metal.
purpose
The throstle spinning machine upon the old principle is about three feet
nine inches wide, but the machine as improved by us occupies a spaco in width
of only two feet, which is obviously a vast saving in point of expence in the
erection of a factory. The difference in the size of the machine arises in the
manner following: -The tin drum or cylinder used in the old machines is only
about six inches in diameter. A band is first placed round the wharve on the
spindle, from whence ono part of the band is passed over the upper; and the other
part under the lower side of the drum, where the ends are tied together; and
it is necessary, in order to prevent the band from twisting off the wharve, and
thereby rendering it useless, to occupy the full extent of space which we have
stated. The tin drum or cylinder used by us is about twelve inches in diameter:
we pass our band round the wharve on the spindle, from which it goes to the
upper surface of and completely round the drum, thence round a spindle placed
on the opposite side of the machine in an oblique direction round its wharve,
and directly over again to the spindle, from whence it came. .The extra size of
our drum or cylinder, added to our improved method of banding it to the spindles.
on each side of the frame, enables us to contract the machine to the small
space we have mentioned. The advantages resulting from our additions to and s
improvements in the construction of this machine, (besides those already stated.
in this Specification, are, that the thread or yarn is not only produced in much
larger quantities, and particularly in the finer member, within the same given
space of time than by machines now in general use, but that it acquires a clear,
distinct, wiry, and round appearance, which. adds greatly to its beauty and
strength, and thereby renders it more perfect and saleable. Our improved
spindle is used by us for the purpose of making a roving upon the same
principle as the old or common throstle spindle is applied to the fine roving
frames now in general use; and the fourth pair of rollers used by us, and
above described, may also be employed in the same roving machine, with this
difference, namely, that heavy weights will be required to be suspended from
the front and back rollers, which we call the first and fourth pair. This
our Invention of an improved machine is described in the Drawings hereunto
annexed
-

page_text: The Drawing number 1 is an elevation of a side section, and the Drawings
number 2 and 8 are plans, of apparatus consisting of the following parts:-
In the Drawing number 2, Fig. number 2, A is a flyer, with swan-neck
forks a, a, with eyes b, b, fixed to a collar B and wharve C, with a foot D,
perforated from D to e, to admit a stud E with a foot F, in which the foot D
of the wharve works, and which serves as a head to the screw G to attach it
to the spindle box C' by the nut H. I, J, is a spindle resting on a footf in
the socket 9, as in Drawing number 1, in the rail Z, with a metal button
K fixed thereon, so as to leave the length of the spindle above the button K
equal to the height of the forks a, a; the stud E and the screw G are perfo-
rated to admit the spindle I, J, to work freely within them from the top of E for
about three-eighths of an inch; the perforation is made to fit the spindle, and
from thence downwards its diameter is increased without weakening the stud
too much, so as to prevent any friction. The flyer A receives its motion from
the tin drum or cylinder L (Drawing number 2, Figure number 1,) by means
of the endless cotton band a, b, passing round the wharve C, from which
wharve it goes to the upper surface of and completely round the drum or
cylinder L, and also round the wharve of the flyer c, d, so placed on the oppo-
site side of the machine, so as to prevent the cross band a, b, from coming in
contact with each other, and directly over again to the wharve C, from whence
it came. The flyer A being thus turned by the drum or cylinder L, twists the
thread as delivered by the rollers H', H', with the thread, being wrapped
either once or twice round, (the number of times being regulated by the
fineness of the thread spun). The swan neck at the top of either of the
forks a, a, of the flyer A passes through its eye b, and is wound upon
the bobbin or tube, made of willow, poplar, or any other convenient material,
with only one or even without any head or shoulder, or upon the bare spindle
itself, as at h, h. The thread or yarn is to be kept tight by means of tape, cord,
or narrow list, passing alternately before and behind each spindle on one side
of the frame, about two inches from the bottom of each spindle, and to which
tape, cord, or list, small weights of from two to four ounces each are attached
at proper distances to keep the same just so tight as to prevent the spindle I,J,
from overrunning itself; and also, so as not to place too much weight or drag
upon the yarn spun between the rollers H', H', and the rollers O, O, are placed
the roller P, which is made plain or without flutes, and the top roller Q, which
is constructed of wood or some light material. The thread or yarn, in its
passage from the rollers or deliverers H', H', to the fork of the flyer at R,
passes over the roller S, whose lower side is immersed in size contained in the
trough T affixed to the roller beam U. The roller S is to bo made to revolve

page_text: in an opposite direction to the passage of the thread or yarn with a speed
equal to about three times the velocity with which the thread is delivered from
the rollers H, H, which velocity must of course depend on the nature and
size of the thread, yarn, or material spun; it thereby not only will apply a
sufficient quantity of size to the thread or yarn, but at the same time will lay
the fibre in a similar manner to a cylindrical brush, and assist the twisting of
the thread or yarn quite up to the roller. The thread or yarn is to be wound
upon the spindle or bobbin, as at h, h, so as to form any shape of cop or bobbin
by means of a traversing motion applied to the rail of the footf of the spindle
I, J, Drawing number 1. This motion is received from the conical heart V,
which rovolves on an axis W, and at the same time moves in a lateral direc-
tion, by means of the worms, wheels, and rack at V, V, V, so that touching
the small bowl or pully X upon the lever Y (as is more particularly described
in Drawing number 8), it gives a different degree of traverse or upright
motion to the spindle I, J, by means of the lever, pullies, and straps, as at
iiiiii. The machine is put in motion by a steam engine or some other
power communicating with the leather strap A, a, (Drawing number 1,) on
the driving pullies B, 6, placed on the axis of the tin drum or cylinder L, from
which axis the power is also communicated to the rollers H, H, P, Q, 0, 0,
and B, B, B, B, (Drawing number 2, Figure number 2,) by the usual method
of tooth and pinion, and from thence to the sizing roller S, by means of band
and pullies.
The apparatus above described appears to us to be the best calculated to
answer its intended purpose, and as such is employed by us; and although we do
not claim the exclusive use of the parts of this apparatus taken separately, yet
we do claim the exclusive use of them when combined or connected together
in the manner and for the purposes above described. However, we do claim as
our Invention or improvement the exclusive use of all spindles wherein the
outer spindle, having upon it a flyer with a swan neck, as before described,
and a wharve, is the spinning or twisting spindle, and where the interior is the
receiving spindle, whose motions are distinct and separated from each other,
and from touching each other by whatever means effected; we also claim the
use of the motion of the size roller S in a contrary direction to the thread or
yarn in its progress of spinning.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gilbert Tarlton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
GILBERT TARLTON. (L.s.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Ninth day of July, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid Gilbert Tarlton came before our Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Ninth day of July. in the year above written.