matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY FASTENING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wiltshire at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1876.
WILLIAM WILTSHIRE, of Ashford, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR SIMULTANEOUSLY
FASTENING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and arrange-
ment of apparatus whereby the doors of the carriages composing a railway train,
and on either side or both sides thereof, can be simultaneously fastened in a secure
manner, such apparatus being actuated by the guard from his brake van without
any necessity for leaving the same, the egress or ingress of persons from or into the
carriages being thus placed entirely under his controul.
'
These objects are attained by means of a continuous cord, by preference composed
of wire, which is carried over friction or carrying pulleys from one end of the train
to the other, either below the respective carriages or at the upper part of the same
above the doors. The said cord is connected to vertical bolts, for the reception of
which suitable sockets or recesses are formed in the door frames, such bolts being
shot or passed into the said sockets or recesses by the cord being strained tight by
the guard by well known means and contrivances, or the bolts may be so arranged
as to pass into the bolts of the carriage locks, the doors in either case becoming
securely fastened until released by the guard. The action of the vertical fastening
bolts may also be effected by means of springs actuated by continuous chains in a
manner analogous to that before described, in either case such counterbalance weights
or strong spiral springs being employed as may be necessary.
The lock which it is preferred to use with this Invention, and which forms a part
thereof, has the bolt formed with double bevelled faces so as to insure its entering
the staple, a spiral or flat spring being placed behind the bolt for the purpose of
keeping it out or in action when the door is closed. A hole or aperture is formed
in the bolt for the reception of the vertical fastening bolt. The bolt of the lock
(when released from the vertical fastening bolt) is shot back by simply pulling the
handle, such action resulting from the stem of the handle having an oblique slot in
which a knob or projection on the bolt is made to slide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mansel Bayly at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, on the 1st January 1876.
MANSEL BAYLY, of Belle Vue Mansion, King's Road, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in roller skates, in order to render
them self-oiling and enable them to wear for a longer period with less liability to
breakage than skates of a somewhat similar character constructed as heretofore, and
the Invention relates particularly to that description of roller skate in which the
axis of each pair of wheels is carried by an inclined axis mounted in a bearing
formed in a piece fixed rigidly to the foot stand or foundation board of the skate.
According to the first part of my Invention I form the fixed part carrying the
inclined axis hollow so as to form an oil cup. In the upper end thereof I fix a screw
stopper, and in the lower end I form a small hole in which I place a needle or wire
which rests upon the inclined axle, so that when the skate is in use oil is regularly
supplied to such inclined axle. I form the axle of each pair of wheels of a rod or
shaft, either fixed or rotating in a bearing fixed to the inclined axle, and in order to
supply oil to the wheels I form a hole at the lower part of the inclined axle leading
into the bearing carried thereby, so as to supply oil to the axle of the wheels, in
case such axle should be made to revolve; and I form in such axle or in the bearing
a groove to conduct the oil to the wheels. This part of my Invention is also
applicable to oiling other descriptions of skates, suitable modifications in the
arrangements being made to adapt it to the particular description of skate.
The second part of my Invention consists in fixing to the inclined axle or to the
bearing carried thereby a lever, the outer end of which is suitably slotted to work
on a fixed rod or bar, on which are mounted spiral springs which act on each side
of the lever to retain it in its normal position, except when otherwise acted upon by
the skater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS AND PREVENTION OF WASTE OF WATER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jolin Howard, Alexander Fairlie
Wilson, and Henry William Alfred Kingdom at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 18th October 1876.
JOHN HOWARD, +4, Linden Grove, Nunhead Lane, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey, and ALEXANDER FAIRLIE WILSON and HENRY WILLIAM ALFRED KINGDOM,
both of 34, St. George's Road, in the Borough of Southwark, in the County of
Surrey, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING AND
ARRESTING THE FLOW OF FLUIDS AND PREVENTION OF WASTE OF WATER."
We use an apparatus constructed substantially as follows:-A cylinder of any
suitable material, such as brass, is fitted with a piston, the top and bottom of which
may be fitted with cup leathers or packed so as to fit the cylinder. This piston has
a hole through it and is attached to an actuating piston rod, furnished at the top
with a ring or other fitting. The bottom of the cylinder is closed by a metal dise
which extends beyond the cylinder as a flange, upon which a ring of metal or other
material can rest as a weight. To the under side of this disc is attached a leather
or other washer by means of a screw, which may be lengthened so as to act as a
guide to the weighted cylinder in its descent upon the seating of the valve or
waterway. The top of the cylinder is closed by a cap through which the actuating
piston rod passes. The piston rod is weighted so that when released it will pass
back to the bottom of the cylinder, displacing the fluid beneath, which will pass
through it to its upper side.
Its action is as follows:-Before screwing on the cap we fill the cylinder with
water or other fluid so that there shall be some of the fluid above the top of the
piston; the cap being screwed on when the piston rod is lifted it raises with it the
cylinder from its seating and allows it to fall only so fast as the fluid above the
piston can pass through the hole in it to its under side. It is intended to be
worked direct from an ordinary cistern crank or lever, the extremity of which is
weighted as a counterpoise to the pull wire and handle, such crank or lever to have
a guide upon its periphery forming the segment of a circle, having the bearings of
said crank or lever as a centre, by which means the valve in descending or rising
would be kept in a perpendicular position.

page_text: We sometimes vary the construction by forming an air cushion as a spring at the
bottom of the cylinder, in which case we close the aperture through the piston and
relieve the fluid above the piston by means of a hole in the cap.
When used as a valve for attaching to service pipes we enclose it in a casing of
metal and actuate the piston by means of a weighted lever.
We sometimes use it for lifting an ordinary valve lever, in which case the bottom
of the cylinder is fitted with a slot and pin for attaching to the lever actuating such
valve, and is not furnished with a leather or other washer.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DRAWING OR DEPICTING OBJECTS OR SCENES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernhard Beer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1876. A communication from
abroad by Messieurs W. Peipers and Company, of Cologne-on-the-Rhine, in
Germany.
BERNHARD BEER, of Newgate Street, in the City of London, Merchant.
"AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN DRAWING OR DEPICTING OBJECTS OR
SCENES." A communication from abroad by Messieurs W. Peipers and. Company,
of Cologne-on-the-Rhine, in Germany.
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus to be employed in drawing or
depicting objects or scenes. For this purpose I place or fit on a base piece or
foundation four sides or walls, connected together and forming a darkened chamber,
and to the front wall of such chamber a hood or shade with side pieces or flaps is
hinged or otherwise attached thereto and may be adjusted as required. The top or
cover of the darkened chamber is formed by a sheet or plate of glass slidden or laid
thereon, and over which a sheet of tracing paper or other like transparent material
is placed. A sliding tube containing the object glass, which is a convexo-convex
lens, is fitted into the front wall of the chamber, and a mirror placed behind it in an
oblique direction in the chamber reflects the rays of light as they pass through the
lens on to the mirror, from whence they are reflected through the sheet of glass on
to the tracing material, and thus the object or scene to be drawn or depicted is
reproduced thereon.
By lengthening or shortening the sliding tube the object to be drawn will be
increased or diminished on the sheet of transparent material.
The lateral walls of the chamber and the hood or shade are so contrived as to be
folded, so that when the apparatus is dismounted it can be packed together in very
little space for facility of transport or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Oldham and John Joseph
Sharples at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1876.
CHRISTOPHER OLDHAM, Overlooker, and JOHN JOSEPH SHARPLES, Accountant,
both of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
This Invention relates to an improved means of securing the picker spindles in
position without the aid of the blade springs heretofore employed.
We construct on the box ends a slight projection or boss immediately over the
eye of the picker spindle's boss. The boss first herein referred to is bored and chased
or screwed so as to receive a set screw, the end of which binds upon and secures
the picker spindle in position. A "safety" nut is applied to the set screw, so as
to secure the latter when screwed up from becoming loose through the vibration
occasioned by the working of the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1876. A communication from
abroad by Jaques Wohl, residing at Frankfort-on-the-Main, and Albert Stotz,
residing at Stuttgart, both in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany. IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
A communication.
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in roller skates whereby the skate
can be fixed on or detached from the foot without the use of straps and buckles as
heretofore used.
I also make the whole of the said skate except the rollers and axes of one piece
of malleable iron. In this way I dispense with the wooden clog, sole, or body of
the skate, thus giving the latter a far more elegant appearance. This improved
skate is also provided with self-oiling wheels.
Instead of fastening the foot with straps I provide the back heel plate with three
spikes more or less projecting inwards, the bottom heel plate is also provided with
a noveable claw which can be drawn towards or repelled from the upright back
of the heel plate by means of a thumb screw which projects beyond the back of the
heel plate and is provided with a flat thumb head.
The said sole plate is provided with two clasps lying across the same and at right
angles to the blade which joins the sole or heel plate, these two clasps are connected
with an adjusting screw of which the one end is provided with a right, and the
other a left hand thread, in such a manner that if the screw be turned from left to
right both clasps will be drawn towards each other, and thus firmly hold the sole of
a boot placed between them, if the said screw is turned in the opposite direction its
action will naturally be reversed.
The said screw is provided with square or other suitable ends fitting a key, which
can be adjusted or removed at will. The skate is fixed to the foot by opening the
clasps and placing the sole of the boot on the sole plate, and then drawing the clasps
together by means of the said screw and adjustable key, the thumb screw at the
heel plate and claw attached thereto are manipulated in the same manner.
adjusting screw passes through the blade and is held in position by two rings placed
on either side of the said blade.
The
AN IMPROVED BATHING DRESS COMBINED WITH A LIFE-SAVING BELT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson Shephard and William
Brough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1876.
JOSEPH WILSON SHEPHARD, of Plaistow, in the County of Essex, and WILLIAM
BROUGH, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED BATHING DRESS
COMBINED WITH A LIFE-SAVING BELT."
This Invention relates to the application of a life-saving belt or inflated compart-
ment to an improved form or arrangement of bathing dress, whereby perfect safety
from drowning is obtained, the external appearance of the dress also imparting
decency to the bather when out of the water. For this purpose we make a coat or
jacket of linen, calico, or other comparatively light fabric, plain, printed, or woven,
with stripes or any other suitable design or colour, and around the waist or below
the shoulders a waterproof belt or compartment is attached, and having a mouth-
piece to inflate the same when required. Trowsers or knickerbockers are attached
to the lower part of the coat or jacket, either permanently or with buttons or other
suitable fastenings, so that when used by a bather the trowsers or lower part of the
dress serves to prevent the upper inflated part from rising above that part of the
body of the wearer to which it is attached. The appearance and arrangement of
the dress is such that it may be worn with decency out of the water.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF TOY OR IMITATION BIRDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1876. A communication from
abroad by the Company or Society Ernest Marais et Cie., of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
HENRY GARDNER, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF TOY
OR IMITATION BIRDS." A communication from abroad by the Company or Society
Ernest Marais et Cie., of Paris, in the Republic of France.
The object of this Invention is the construction and use of an imitation bird to
which the name Frou-frou has been applied, and relates,-
Firstly. To fitting a strip or piece of linen, paper, or other similar stuff across and
above the body to connect the extremities of the wings, which piece swells or bags
open like a parachute when the imitation bird is thrown into the air.
Secondly. To the arrangement given to the various parts of the imitation bird,
whereby they are caused to occupy but little space, and are rendered free from risk
of deterioration by packing, and are made capable of easy replacement.
The imitation bird is composed of three parts-the body, the wings and their
junction strip, and the tail; its construction will be understood by the following
description
The body of the bird is of wood or any light material, and carries two little
sockets, preferably of tin, intended to receive the projection pieces at the inner ends
of the wings, which are made of fine linen or other light stuff, and have their ends
connected by the strip before referred to. The body is slit at the rear so as to
receive the tail, and the tail is so fixed as to be capable of inclining more or less.
When the bird is thrown into the air the strip swells against the air, and thus
forms a parachute, and the action of the air against it produces a certain kind of
rustling which sounds like a real bird on the wing, and causes the course of the
imitation bird to resemble the flight of an actual bird and suggest the name of
Frou-frou, which has been applied to the Invention.
The body of the bird may be of any shape to correspond to that of the living bird.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) SCREW BASE FOR THE PURPOSE OF FIXING STEREO PLATES USED IN THE PRINTING TRADE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ernest Morris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, on the 28th January 1876.
EDWARD ERNEST MORRIS, of No. 67, Alexander Road, Upper Holloway, in the
County of Middlesex. "A NEW (OR IMPROVED) SCREW BASE FOR THE PURPOSE OF
FIXING STEREO PLATES USED IN THE PRINTING TRADE."
This screw base will be made of iron or other suitable material in such sizes as
may be requisite.
Hules will be drilled in the surface and "tapped" for screws at such distances
apart and in such number as may be found to be necessary.
The stereo plates will be fastened down to the screw base aforesaid by means
of screws inserted through "catches" & screwed into the said "tapped" holes.
This screw base possesses the following new features,-
1. Save for the above-mentioned holes this screw base will present a solid surface
to the stereo plates.
2. The catches to fasten the stereo plates to the base, the most important element
in the application to practical purposes of any base for the working of stereos, will
be screwed down to the base itself.
3. Holes drilled in the screw base and tapped for screws at such distances apart in
such number as may be required.
This screw base will therefore ensure perfect security of the " stereos" and
simplicity of action, and will be the means of saving much time and labour.
MENTS IN SAFES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Schooling at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May 1876.
HENRY SCHOOLING, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN SAFES.
" IMPROVE-
The object of this. Invention is to fasten the doors of safes and strong rooms by
means of a screw or screws. For this purpose I proceed as follows:-I make a
metal groove or grooves of any suitable metal, and fix the same by means of screws,
rivets, or otherwise, to the shell or case of the safe in any suitable position, and in
Buch groove or grooves I place a rack or racks, which work to and fro by means of
four or any other suitable number of levers, which are attached to the handle in the
door of the safe. The ends of each of such levers work in suitable apertures formed
in the base of each of the racks; the upper portion of the groove or grooves being
cut away in a suitable manner to allow of the movement of the levers, the edge of
the groove or grooves where not cut away acting like a stop to prevent the levers
travelling beyond the requisite distance. Around the door of the safe or strong
room I place any suitable number of screws, which may be furnished with either
square or spiral threads, as may be desired. Such screws are provided with suitable
beads about th of an inch in thickness, and I fix in such screw or screws a pinion
or pinions, such pinions being provided at their ends with metal projections some-
what in the form of a small rod or bolt, such rods or bolts working through holes
provided with metal plates, preferably of steel, to serve as bearings wherein such
bolts or rods may work. On turning the handle of the door of the safe or strong
room motion is imparted to the racks by means of the levers before mentioned, and
such racks gearing into the pinions fixed in the screws as before described impart
a revolving motion to the screws, which work in suitable sockets provided with
screw threads formed in the shell or case of the safe or strong room. By this
means the door is securely screwed to the frame on all sides, and it is practically
impossible to force the safe.
In order to fix the screws so that they cannot be moved I proceed as follows,
vizt: When the racks are moved so as to send the screws home and fasten tho
door by means of a lock, I throw bolts through apertures made in the grooves in
which the racks run (or work) immediately at the ends of the racks, thus
effectually proventing the racks from moving until the lock has thrown the bolts
back.
IMPROVEMENTS MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Pickles and John
Pickles at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY PICKLES, Spinning Overlooker, and JOHN PICKLES, Drawing
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Overlooker, both of Halifax, in the County of York.
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
The object of this Invention is to prevent waste when an "end" or thread breaks. ·
To effect this we form each pair of "back rollers" separately, and communicato
rotation thereto in such manner that any one pair of rollers may be stopped when
an "end" breaks. The bottom roller of cach pair has a toothed wheel formed
thereon, which gears with another toothed wheel mounted so as to be capable of.
sliding on a shaft having a constant rotary motion imparted thereto during the
working of the machine. The sliding wheel has a "clutch" box formed on its boss
into which a "clutch fork" enters.
The clutch fork is mounted on a rocking shaft or stud, and when an "end"
breaks the rocking shaft and "clutch fork" are actuated so as to throw the driving
wheels out of gear, a suitable arrangement of cam and levers being provided for the.
purpose.
•
IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Samuel Eyland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1870.
EDWARD SAMUEL EYLAND, of Bristol, in the City of Bristol.
IN ROLLER SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention consists in constructing roller skates in the following manner and
upon the following principles :-
--
First. The rolling side or swinging action.
Second. The tiller" steering action.
<<
Third. Suspending the sole of the skate so as to obtain a low centre of gravity,
As regards the first part of this Invention the improvement consists in adapting
to the edges of the rollers of skates bands or tires of india-rubber to enable the
rollers as the india-rubber is compressed by the side movement of the sole of the
skate to assume a conical form to enable the skate to move in a curved direction
and to resume its original cylindrical shape on the side pressure being removed. In
this form of roller skate it is proposed to employ two broad rollers, one near the
front of the sole and the other near the heel.
As regards the second part of this Invention, the improvement consists in em-
ploying the well known principle of a furniture castor; but in this instance instead
of the axis of the castor revolving in round holes in the forked part which sup-
ports the castor, I form long holes or slots therein which enables the axis and roller
to converge so as to go round curves.
The third part of this Invention consists in placing the sole of the skate below
the centre of the axles of the rollers, of which said rollers I propose to employ
four as usually practised, and upon that part of each axle which is between the
said rollers and about midway thereof I place a piece of metal formed with an
upright arm to which I connect and pivot one end of a bent axle, the other end of
the said axle is fixed to the sole of the skate in any convenient manner, and in
like manner proceed to connect the opposite pair of rollers to the soleof the skate.
I also fix studs in the aforesaid pieces on the axles in a line with the sole of the skate,
so that the canting of the said sole shall alter the position of the rollers to enable
them to move in a curved direction.

page_text: Another improved arrangement consists in constructing roller skates upon the
tiller or castor principle before-mentioned, so as to connect the front and back
rollers together by an india-rubber ring or other spring taking over the hooked ends
of the tiller rods connected to the axles of the rollers. The use of the aforesaid
india-rubber ring being to return the rollers to their original position after the
side pressure has been removed from the sole of the skate.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS METERS.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Levy Hart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876. A communication from
abroad by James Morgan, of New Orleans, Louisiana.
JAMES LEVY HART, of the City of London. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS METERS.".
The Invention relates to the class of meters known as wet meters, and is intended
as a safeguard against the practice of "tilting," commonly employed by dishonest
gas consumers. Such persons do not usually seek to obtain gas absolutely without
registration, as such a fraud could not escape detection, because in an ordinary
wet meter properly constructed it should not be possible to float the inlet valve
after abstracting the quantity of water required to unseal the centre opening
without tilting the meter to such an angle as would make the fraud at once
apparent. They generally confine themselves therefore, to the abstraction of water
enough to retard the running of the registering part of the meter by from twenty
to thirty per cent., which can be done (after abstracting a certain quantity of water),
by raising the back of the meter about three quarters of an inch, and may escape
detection for a long time..
According to the present Invention this kind of fraud is prevented by combining
with the meter drum a stop or catch, automatically thrown into action or position
by the forward tilting of the meter, so as to positively arrest the rotation of the
drum. For this purpose it is proposed to use a pendulum stop on the back of the
meter, which when the meter is tilted swings forward so as to lie in the path of one
or more projections or shoulders on the rear of the revolving drum, the rotation of
which is thus positively arrested so long as the meter remains tilted. Inasmuch
as the centre opening is sealed there will be no flow of gas and none can be obtained
until the meter is set upright. So long as the centre opening remains sealed the
result of the action of the pendulum is in fact twofold; the revolution of the drum
is prevented, and consequently the gas already in the compartments is confined
there and cannot get out; and the increased pressure thus thrown upon the water
inside the hood and compartments, and in the front of the meter where the float is
located, so depresses the water level as to close the inlet valve and prevent any gas
at all from entering the meter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE SPRINGS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, on the 30th November 1876.
JAMES MITCHELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Spring. Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGE SPRINGS."
0
The object of my Invention is to bend the steel plates (of which railway and
other carriage springs are composed) to the proper curves or camber, so as to make
them fit one on another, and thus form a spring of the desired camber when
screwed up..
Bending the steel plates of which railway and other carriage springs are composed
has heretofore been usually done by two men, who take the heated spring plate and
bend it over a crib or set plate of the required curvature. The ends of the crib and
plate being fixed in a vice the men on each side nip the plate and crib with tongs
from end to end until the plate fits the crib. This is a laborious and costly opera-
tion, requiring, highly paid skilled labour.
By means of my improvements this skilled labour may be dispensed with, as the
bending operation is effected by mechanical means.
•
In carrying out my Invention the plate of steel is first heated in the ordinary
way, and is placed in the bending machine, which consists of two blocks or dies of
iron or other metal shaped to the curve required for the plate, one block being fixed
and the other forced up to it by pressure. The spring plate is placed between these
blocks, and pressed up to the exact shape of the blocks.
In order that the extreme ends of each plate may be properly bent down to come
in close contact with the plate next to it when the spring plates are screwed up, I
use blocks or dies of varying curve for each plate, so as to give the finished spring
the required curve or camber, and have all the plates close fitting.
糜
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Preston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1876.
EDWARD PRESTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This skate consists of three rollerз, two on one spindle at the front, and one at
the heel; these are hung in brackets formed on or attached to the under side of the
foot plate; between the front pair of brackets a socket piece is also attached to the
under side of the foot plate, and this socket receives a ball hung freely on the
spindle which carries the front rollers; the socket contains a coiled spring bearing
on the ball and keeping it steady when out of use. The bearings in the brackets
which carry the spindle are formed to allow a certain extent of play to the spindle,
so that in describing curves or other than right lines the ball and socket arrange-
ment comes into operation and allows the skate to turn. Or I may construct the
skates by placing a second pair of rollers with ball and socket as described instead of
the single roller at the heel.
A second improvement consists in making the foot plate in two parts, sliding ono
over the other at the waist, and adjustible by a set screw or a fly pin so as to be
capable of extension or contraction, by which one sized skate may be made to fit
several sizes of feet.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Stevenson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1876.
وو
THOMAS STEVENSON, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,,Die Sinker.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES."
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after explained so to construct
drain pipes that when applied to cesspools, sinks, and other similar receptacles it
may effectually prevent any offensive sinell from coming through the pipe, and will
also prevent any solid matter from entering the said pipe and stopping the flow of
water through it.
My Invention is carried into effect in substantially the following manner:-A
pipe of any desired size and diameter, and having a short elbow at one end thereof
is provided. Within this elbow by so shaping the pipe I construct the seating upon
which the stopper is to come. This stopper is similarly so shaped as to fit upon the
seating and close the pipe, and it is secured in its place by a short chain so as to
prevent its being carried away by any sudden rush of water.
My improved drain pipe provided with its stopper as before explained is now
passed through the side of the cesspool to which it is to be applied, and is thero
fitted in such manner that the elbow is downwards, and thus the stopper rests by
its own weight on its seating within the elbow of the pipe. It must be understood
that the pipe is so placed that the water level will be on a line with the lower
side of the pipe and that the stopper will allow water to pass through it when
is rises above this level. Any foul air or gas evolved from the sewer is in this
manner prevented from entering the cesspool, and should the water at any time
sink below the mouth of the pipe the said stopper resting in its seating and so
closing the pipe will effectually prevent the passage of any noxious or foul air
through the pipe.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR SHAPEING WOOD
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1876.
GEORGE BRAY, of Keighley, in the County of York, Shuttle Maker.
IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, TURNING, OR SHAPEING
WOOD."
The object of this Invention is to render the machinery for such purposo self-
acting to a certain extent. The wood is fixed in a lathe of ordinary construction,
and is first reduced to the size or diameter required by a knife or knives fixed to a
block or rest moved by a screw or screws, which may have right and left handed
threads thereon. One or more knives or tools are fixed to a plate capable of being
moved up and down by rack and toothed gearing or by screws, and these knives
are employed to turn or reduce the wood to the desired shape. They are set at an
angle to the centre of the wood so that only a small portion thereof is operated on
at one time, the amount varying according to the angular position of the knife or
knives.
AN IMPROVED SHIRT-FRONT BOX
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hubbard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1876.
CHARLES HUBBARD, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
SHIRT-FRONT BOX."
My Invention relates to an improved box for containing and exhibiting shirt
fronts in warehouses and shops, the object of the Invention being to provide a box
which, after the stock is exhausted, may be employed for containing other articles
and for various useful purposes. The boxes heretofore used for this purpose have
been made rectangular in form of cardboard provided with a glass cover or lid, and
the blocks (which fill up the corners of the box and bring its interior to a shape
corresponding to the shape of the front so as to hold the latter in position) have
been permanently fixed to the inside of the box, so that when the stock becomes
exhausted the box is of no further use. Now according to my Invention the box
is made of wood encased with cloth and is provided with a removable cover of same
material, a hinged lid of glass, distinct from the box, being provided, through which
the contents may be conveniently inspected without opening the box. This glass
lid is removable, and has attached to its hinge flap one of the blocks. Around the
inner sides of the box are fixed strips with slits behind them, in which are inserted
the hinge flap of the glass lid and the block which is connected thereto, a similar
flap on the other block being inserted in another slit at the other side of the box.
The block at the neck of the front is similarly fitted so that the glass lid and all
the blocks may be removed when the contents of the box are disposed of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING AND DRYING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward David Arthur Marriner and
Charles Hoyle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June
1876.
EDWARD DAVID ARTHUR MARRINER, Worsted Spinner, Greengate Mills, Keighley
in the County of York, and CHARLES HOYLE, Machine Maker, Market Street,
Keighley, in the County aforesaid. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING
AND DRYING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention consists in the employment of drying apparatus of the construc-
tion herein-after described in combination with ordinary machinery for washing
wool and other fibrous substances. Our drying apparatus consists of a fan for
causing a current of hot or cold air to pass through the wool after leaving the
squeezing rollers, which current is distributed by means of a suitably formed
revolving drum or beater, and a box or chest over which the wool is carried on a
travelling apron or brat.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN TILES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Burridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1876.
JOSEPH BURRIDGE, of Great Portland Street, in the County of Middlesex. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN TILES."
The improvements apply more particularly to tiles for lining walls and paving
floors and ceilings of buildings, and such like, and consist in making such tiles with
ledges, projections, or shelves, by means of which they may be built in and held by
and against the brickwork or masonry, also in making tiles with grooves and
tongues on their edges, or tiles wholly grooved to fit into tiles wholly tongued.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1876. A communi-
cation from abroad by Jean Leon Mathieu, of Croix, Nord, France.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES."
Hitherto the spindles of shuttles have had a great defect, namely, that in order to
fix the cop it has been necessary to force it in by hand, the result of which is that
the cop gets out of shape, and sometimes not being sufficiently held on the spindle
it becomes detached during the working of the looin, and causes much disorder.
Now the object of this Invention is to construct shuttles in such manner that the
cop is secured in its position independently of the hands of the attendant, and the
Invention consists in making the shuttle spindle of two arms which approach each
other when the spindle is lifted to have the empty cop tube removed and a fresh
cop placed thereon, and separate when the spindle is lowered into the shuttle, and
thereby securely hold the cop.
According to one method of carrying out the Invention each of the said arms is
fixed to a can in the shuttle, the two cams being of such form that the pressure
upon them of a spring in the shuttle opens the arms when the spindle is lowered,
and closes them when it is lifted. Thus the cop tube is free when the spindle is
raised, and securely held when the spindle is lowered into the shuttle.
.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FISH PLATE' OR JOINT PLATE FOR RAILS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Terrell Garnett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1876.
WILLIAM TERRELL GARNETT, of Fair Lawn, Ripon, in the County of York. "A
NEW OR IMPROVED FISH PLATE' OR JOINT PLATE FOR RAILS."
This Invention consists in constructing fish plates or joint plates for rails so that
they shall afford greater security and support to the rails at the joints. The plates
are used in pairs, as heretofore, and are bolted together through the rail and also
under the rail, the bottom flanges acting as a girder and supporting the rails with
increased firmness at the joints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR FIRE HOSE, OR OTHER PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Macartney at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1876.
GEORGE MACARTNEY, Superintendent of the Fire Brigade, Greenock, in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR FIRE HOSE,
OR OTHER PIPES OR TUBES."
This Invention has for its object the improving and rendering more efficient in
their action of certain kinds of couplings for fire hose or other pipes or tubes in
which the parts of the coupling are held or locked together by pins, which are
screwed through one part catching on a shoulder formed on the other part,
and between which a cupped washer or flexible ring is introduced to act as a
packing.
By one improvement the pins which are screwed through diametrically opposite
lugs on the one part of the coupling have fitted to their ends a tapered or conical
piece to catch or bear on a correspondingly inclined shoulder on the other part of
the coupling and lock the two parts firmly together.
A second improvement relates to the cupped washer or packing ring, and consists
in forming and arranging the washer in the coupling so that the pressure on it
of the water or other fluid flowing in either direction through the pipe or tube
makes the coupling fluid tight. The cupped packing washer is held in the faucet
part of the coupling by means of a metal ring fixed by screwing or otherwise, and
in that case the inner lip of the washer bears on the nose of the spigot part when
the spigot is inserted and pressed down into the faucet, and the water which has
access given it round the outer lip of the washer by its pressure on the washer
makes the joint fluid tight. The packing washer may, however, be fixed on the
spigot, which may be tapered, in which case the outer lip will bear against the
inside of the faucet when the two parts are put together, and the water is admitted
to press against the inner lip of the washer by small holes or openings passing
through the spigot to an annular groove or recess round it. In some cases the
cupped washer may be more conveniently fixed in a separate ring, passing round
the spigot part of the coupling and held in its place by a screwed ring, provision
being made for the passage of the water to the inner lip of the washer.
The improved locking appliance and cupped washer arrangement are intended
to be applied in combination, but they may be used separately with some
advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSES TO BE USED BY DIVERS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pullar, Samuel Benjamin
Goslin, and George Wilks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
1st February 1876.
JAMES PULLAR, of Bayfield, No. 4, Moss Hall Grove, Finchley, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentlemen, and SAMUEL BENJAMIN GOSLIN, of No. 25, Woodsome Road,
Highgate Road, and GEORGE WILKS, of No. 46, Swinton Street, St. Pancras, in the
said County, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSES TO BE USED BY DIVERS, AND
IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH."
This Invention has for its object the providing of such a dress as will enable a
diver to work under water at any depth without undue pressure on his body, and
at the same time to enable him to breathe at the ordinary atmospheric or other
pressure.
The first part of this Invention consists in constructing the diving suit or frame
in such a manner as to withstand the pressure of any hydrostatic equivalent, and
this is so effected that the external pressure is counterbalanced or resisted by means
of gutta percha, india-rubber, vulcanized or otherwise, or other suitable material, or
by means of metallic plates or coils embedded in gutta percha or india-rubber
supporting the suit, or by a combination of both means.
which the diver is placed will in all cases be provided with flexible hinges or
other suitable joint so as to admit of the diver having the free use of his limbs.
The suit or frame within
The second part of this Invention consists in providing an efficient means of
extracting or exhausting the vitiated air from the diving apparatus or dress, or of
supplying fresh atmospheric air thereto. In the case first named an exhaust pipe
is provided leading from the dress to and above the surface of the water, and is
there connected to a pump or exhauster, which when actuated will withdraw air
from the diving apparatus, and thus induce a supply of fresh air to the diver through
an inlet pipe provided, and also leading to the surface, enabling him to breathe at
the ordinary atmospheric pressure. In the latter case instead of inducing the supply
of air it is transmitted to the diver by means of an arrangement of forcing or
blowing apparatus, and the vitiated air escapes up what is before alluded to as the
exhaust pipe. Or both air supplying and exhausting apparatus may be used
together if it be found necessary so to do. The pipes may be connected to the
helmet or to such other part of the dress or apparatus as may be found most
suitable.

page_text: The apparatus or dress may in addition be provided with valves set to relieve at
any given or desired pressure.
Instead of using two distinct pipes one pipe may be so constructed as to be used
for both supply and exhaust by dividing it in its length by means of a partition or
web running through it.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING MACHINES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by Edward Anthony Hollub, of Vienna, Austria.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING MACHINES."
communication.
A
This Invention relates to a substitute for the brush used for detaining the thread
on the rotating or revolving hook of sewing machines of the "Wheeler and Wilson "
class, and consists essentially in using instead of the brush a sinall plate in com-
bination with a special groove formed on a part of the circumference of the revolving
hook.
The operation of the said apparatus is as follows:-Whilst the aforesaid special
groove in the revolving hook is passing the above-mentioned loop retaining plate,
the edge of the latter projects into this groove and retains the loop of the thread on
the revolving hook. When the said revolving hook proceeds further the said
special groove departs from the loop retaining plate, the loop consequently becomes
free to be drawn up by the needle while a new loop is taken hold of by the seizing
part of the revolving hook and laid around the bobbin, the whole operation being
then repeated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Heron and Henry Kenyon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1876.
MATTHEW HERON, of Maryport, in the County of Cumberland, and HENRY
KENYON, of the same Place, Iron Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST
FURNACES AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH."
This Invention has for its object, improvements in blast furnaces whereby they
may be used as either open or close topped furnaces, and at the same time afford
increased smelting capacity for a given size of furnace, and consists in dispensing
with the usual bell for opening and closing the top of the furnace and extending
the top of the furnace a certain distance above the usual platform and closing the orifice
at the top with a metallic disc plate or register, suspended at the end of a lever
arm which is capable of turning upon a vertical axis in order to remove the
disc plate or register out of the way when the furnace is used as an open topped
furnace.
The method of feeding blast furnaces constructed in accordance with this Inven-
tion is as follows:-We form a series of openings into the furnace at a lower level
than the platform and communicating with shoots or hoppers in such platform;
vertical dampers being employed for closing the communication between the furnace
and such hoppers whilst they are being fed with the fuel ore and other material,
and flap doors being fitted to the shoots on a level with the floor of the platform.
We further apply perforated dampers in the passages between the interior of the
furnace and the usual annular flue surrounding the top of blast furnaces in order
to prevent small particles of the material passing through and which otherwise
would tend to choke up such flue. Relief valves or doors opening outwards being also
applied to such annular flue to prevent accident from an undue accumulation of gases.
This Invention furthur relates to the construction of bogies employed for trans-
porting the slag or refuse from blast furnaces to its destination, and consists in
constructing the side and ends of such bogies of cast-iron plates which, with the
exception of the front, are all secured rigidly to the bottom of the bogie. The
two sides of the bogie instead of being parellel as hitherto are arranged to diverge
towards the front which is mounted on vertical hinges, and is thus capable of being
Dovine 277

page_text: turned completely back against the side, in which position it is secured whilst the
contents of the bogie are being tipped. The removal of the contents of the bogie
being facilitated by the application of a moveable plate to the back or narrowest end
of the bogie and which plate is capable of being forced forward by means of a
screw.
5