Improvements in Metallic Frames and Supports for the Glasses and other Materials of Green-house and other Roofs.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 25th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 4th Apr., 1891
PROVISIONAL SEMUNICATION.
Improvements in Metallic Frames and Supports for the Glasses and
other Materials of Green-house and other Roofs.
I, WILLIAM HERBERT COULSON, of No. 31, Virginia Avenue, Jersey City,
in the State of New Jersey, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The special feature of this invention relates to hollow sheet metal bars and
frames adapted to receive the edges of the glasses made use of in green-house roofs,
but such frames may receive slates or thin slabs of stone iron or other materials.
The framework upon which the sheet metal bars are received is preferably made
of angle irons crossing each other and rivetted together but the sheet metal frames
may be supported by wooden rafters and beams. The edges of the glass or other
material is raised upon hollow trough shaped bars having vertical flanges at the
edges of the glass and over these hollow bars are cap pieces bent up of sheet metal
to form a hollow bar with folded edges and returned flanges to receive the upper
edges of the sheet metal of the lower hollow bar and within the hollow cap picces
are curved T shaped heads with bolts passing through the lower hollow bars and
receiving springs and nuts by which the two parts of the bar are firmly compressed
together so as to grip the glass, and the springs yield sufficiently to prevent injury
to the glass itself and there are channels in the sheet metal for the reception of the
water of condensation or any moisture that may follow the surface of the glass and
the hollow bars open into each other so that the water is finally conveyed to the
trough at the eaves of the roof.
There are eaves bars running along at right angles to the inclined bars and con-
nected to them by bolts and nuts and having flanges or lips that come up against
the lower ends of the slabs or glass to prevent them slipping down and these caves
bars and the gutters are connected together and to the iron or other framing of the
green-house by bolts and nuts.
At the ridge pole the inclined hollow bars are connected to the longitudinal
angle irons of the frame or other supports and there is a hollow ridge cap of sheet
metal bent over and folded back beneath itself to form the end flanges at the upper
ends of the inclined glasses or slabs and the sheet metal is further folded to form
troughs beneath the upper ends of the glass so that should any moisture follow or
be driven up beneath the ridge cap it will be caught in these troughs so as to
prevent dripping from the under surface of the glass or stabs and the respective
parts of the ridge cap and the inclined hollow sheet metal bars and the angle irons
of the frames are connected together by bolts and nuts.
Where the upper end of one glass or slab laps beneath the lower end of the next
glass or slab there are sheet metal perlings or supports the sheet metal being folded
so as to form a flange at the lower end of the upper glass and the sheet metal
passes between the two glasses and is folded to form a trough below the upper end
of the lower glass into which trough any moisture is received and the troughs open
at their ends into the inclined sheet metal troughs so that the water runs away
without dripping from the under surface of the glass and these purlings are
supported by angle irons forming the framework of the roof where there are hips
or inclined angles in the roof the sheet metal bars forming the inclined ridges are
of a sufficient depth for receiving into said incline hollow sheet metal hip bars the
ends of the inclined hollow sheet metal bars that hold the glass and these hollow
sheet metal bars are in two parts connected together by screw bolts and springs so
that not only are the glasses clamped at their upper ends but the upper ends of the
inclined bars are received into the sides and beneath the top portions of the hip

page_text: bars so as to be made watertight. The ends of the ridge pole cap extend beyond
the vertical ends of the green-house or other enclosure and are bolted together and
where the hollow sheet metal bars that receive the glasses are joined in two or
more lengths one part of the sheet metal slips into the other part in such a way as
to shed the water and prevent leakage. "
Dated this 3rd day of June 1890
WILLIAM HERBERT COULSON.
By Brewer & Son,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Metallic Frames and Supports for the Glasses and
other Materials of Green-house and other Roofs.
I WILLIAM HERBERT COULSON, of 31, Virginia Avenue, Jersey City, in
the State of New Jersey, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The special feature of this invention relates to hollow sheet metal bars and
frames adapted to receive the edges of the glasses made use of in green-house roofs
but such frames may receive slates or thin slabs of stone, iron or other materials.
The frame-work upon which the sheet metal bars are received is preferably made
of angle irons crossing each other and riveted together but the sheet metal frames
may be supported by wooden rafters and beams. The edges of the glass or other
material is received upon hollow trough shaped bars having vertical flanges at the
edges of the glass and over these hollow bars are cap pieces bent up of sheet metal
to form a hollow bar with folded edges and returned flanges to receive the upper
edges of the sheet metal of the lower hollow bar and within the hollow cap pieces
are curved shaped heads with bolts passing through the lower hollow bars and
receiving springs and nuts by which the two parts of the bar are firmly compressed
together so as to grip the glass, and the springs yield sufficiently to prevent injury
to the glass itself and there are channels in the sheet metal for the reception of the
water of condensation or any moisture that may follow the surface of the glass and
the hollow bars open into each other so that the water is finally conveyed to the
trough at the eaves of the roof.
There are eaves bars running along at right angles to the inclined bars and con-
nected to them by bolts and nuts and having flanges or lips that come up against
the lower ends of the slabs or glass to prevent them slipping down and these eaves
bars and the gutters are connected together and to the iron or other framing of the
green-house by bolts and nuts.
At the ridge pole the inclined hollow bars are connected to the longitudinal
angle irons of the frame or other supports and there is a hollow ridge cap of sheet
metal bent over and folded back beneath itself to form the end flanges at the upper
ends of the inclined glasses or slabs and the sheet metal is further folded to form
troughs beneath the upper ends of the glass so that should any moisture follow or
be driven up beneath the ridge cap it will be caught in these troughs so as to
prevent dripping from the inner surface of the glass or slabs and the respective
parts of the ridge cap and the inclined hollow sheet metal bars and the angle irons
of the frames are connected together by bolts and nuts.
Where the upper end of one glass or slab laps beneath the lower end of the next
glass or slab there are sheet metal perlings or supports, the sheet metal being
folded so as to form a flange at the lower end of the upper glass and the sheet
metal passes between the two glasses and is folded-to. form a-trough-below-the
upper end of the lower glass into which trough any moisture is received and the
troughs open at their ends into the inclined sheet metal troughs so that the water
runs away without dripping from the under surface of the glass and these perlings

page_text: are supported by angle irons forming the frame-work of the roof; where there are
hips or inclined angles in the roof the sheet metal bars forming the inclined ridges
are of a sufficient depth for receiving into said incline hollow sheet metal hip bars
the ends of the inclined hollow sheet metal bars that hold the glass and these hollow
sheet metal bars are in two parts connected together by screw bolts and springs so
that not only are the glasses clamped at their upper ends but the upper ends of
the inclined bars are received into the sides and beneath the top portions of the hip
bars so as to be made water tight.
The ends of the ridge pole cap extend beyond the vertical ends of the green-
house or other inclosure and are bolted together and where the hollow sheet metal
bars that receive the glasses are joined in two or more lengths one part of the sheet
metal slips into the other part in such a way as to shed the water and prevent
leakage.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a conservatory or glazed structure built in accordance
with my invention and partly broken away.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the said structure.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse vertical section taken on line 1-1 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a still more enlarged transverse broken sectional view taken at the gable
end of the ridge-bar of the structure.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through one of the lap-joints of the iongitudinal
bars of the structure, taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 7, which view is drawn to a
larger scale.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse section taken at the eaves of the structure and
through one of the longitudinal roof-bars thereof.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged transverse sectional view across two of the longitudinal
roof-bars at the glass lap-bar, and taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is a transverse section across one of the longitudinal roof-bars, taken on
line 44 in Fig. 3.
Fig. 9 is a detail longitudinal sectional view taken on the line 5-5 in Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a detail perspective view showing parts of the upper and lower members
of the longitudinal roof-bars.
Fig. 11 is a sectional side elevation of one of the hip-bars of the roof and
adjacent parts.
Fig. 12 is a plan view of the outer end of the hip-bar and adjacent parts of the
eaves-bar.
Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional view of the lower end of the hip-bar, and
taken on the line 6-6 in Fig. 12.
Fig. 14 is a detail broken plan view of a portion of the lap bars.
Fig. 144 is an enlarged cross-section of the lap-bar.
Fig. 15 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view at the gable end of the ridge of
the structure, and taken on the line 7-7 in Fig. 4.
Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the gable end of the ridge with the outer longi-
tudinal roof-bar and frame in transverse section on the line 8-8 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 17 is a transverse vertical section of the hip-bar, taken on the line 9-9 in
Fig. 11.
Fig. 18 is a perspective view of a part of the caves-bar, and
Fig. 19 shows a transverse section and modified form of the longitudinal roof or
glazing bars of the structure.
My invention relates more especially to the roofs of glazed structures-such as
conservatories or green-houses, skylights and the like; but certain parts of the
invention may be adopted with advantage in building the side walls of such
structures. Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings represent top and gable end views of a
glazed structure of this class, but drawn to a small scale, and to show in a general
diagrammatic manner a conservatory about twenty-three feet long and fifteen feet
wide and built almost entirely of iron and glass.
The frame A of the structure is made mainly of augle-iron sustained by a suitable

page_text: sill-plate a, from which rise angle-iron. posts atto which posts are connected, the
eaves-frame bars a²; and from which angle-iron rafters as extend to the roof ridge-
piece, which consists preferably of two angle-ironbars a: One or more inter-
mediate angle-iron purlins are used, as the width of the roof requires, the
pitch of the roof each way: from; the ridge piece, and down the hip; to the eaves
being about thirty degrees. The several parts of the frame are secured together
by a bolted plate or angle-iron brace-a; as clearly shown in the larger detail
views of the drawings.
A flat metal brace bar a' extends around the structure under the caves-frame
bar a', and to the outside of this bar a² is bolted or secured a wooden rail a³,
having a vertical outer face and a slanting upper edge to properly sustain the
sheet-metal main gutter and eaves-bars of the structure, as hereinafter explained.
At the vertical gable end of the structure a couple of wooden rails or strips a
are fastened to the metal frame next the outermost rafters ³, which provide a
bearing for the two longitudinal sheet-metal glazing-bars at that end of the
Structure, and also separate sheet-metal flashings a", each of which enters a groove
in the longitudinal bar and extends down over the face of the wooden rail aº,
being bent in at the bottom to finish next or at a groove a", produced in the lower
edges of the bars a³, and a like groove 4" is formed in the lower edge of the wooden
eaves-rail a³, intended as is the groove all, to receive the top of the glass, the
weather-boarding or sheathing A of the side walls of the structure, as shown in
Figs. 3, 6, 15, and 16.
In the structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings there is but one purlin
between the ridge and the eaves and the roof-glass is lapped but once between these
points, two sheets B of glass-say twenty-two by forty inches in area-
-extending
the full length of one slanting side of the roof; but the intermediate dotted lines
at the right hand corner of Fig. 1 indicate that the roof glass may be only about
one-half the length above named.
Wherever the glass laps a lap-bar of peculiar construction is provided, as
presently described.
In explaining the further numerous details of my invention I will first particularly
describe one of the longitudinal sheet-metal glass holding or glazing bars C
relatively with the intermediate lap-bar D, the lower sheet-metal eaves-bar E, the
gutter E, and the ridge bar G, and later I will explain the detailed construction of
the ridge-bar and the corner roof-bar H at the hipped or slanting end of the roof
and their correlated parts.
The details of construction of the longitudinal glazing bars C is perhaps best
shown in Figs. 3 to 10, inclusive of the drawings. Each of these bars consists of
two parts, a lower part C', which for convenience I call the "rail" and an upper
part e, which I terin the cap.
The rail is made from a strip of sheet metal,
preferably galvanized iron, and is ordinarily concaved along its bottom, whence the
metal is bent upward, forming opposite parallel sides C2 C2, and then the metal is
bent inward from each side to form opposite transversely-corrugated portions C³,
upon which the edges of two adjacent sheets of glass B B rest, and two final upper
bends are given the edges of the sheet to form two longitudinally-ranging vertical
tongues or flanges CC, which are adapted to enter upwardly projecting bends or
longitudinal loops, formed at opposite edges of the cap e. The opposite
ledges C³ C³ of the bar-rail. C¹ may be transversely concaved directly from the
sides C' of the rail to its tongues C; but I prefer to corrugate these ledges
to form in each two parallel concavities or gutters, and to provide the outer
larger gutters C C with a series of holes C allowing the drip or passage
of water of condensation from the underside of the glass B, or of any water
which may perchance drive in beneath the bar-cap around the edge of the
glass to the interior of the bar-rail, down which. it will flow to the caves-bar
and gutter. By thus corrugating each ledge C³ of the rail to form in it two
parallel gutters I also obtain two independent bearing points or plates 6b for each
sheet of glass B, or one bearing at each side of each, gutter C of the rail. This

page_text: double bearing for each sheet of glass is most desirable and materially assists in
holding it securely in place when clamped by the bar-cap and nut and bolt, as
presently explained. The bar-cap is bent from one piece of sheet metal, the
edges of which are shaped into the loops cc, receiving the bar-rail flanges or
tongues C C as above explained. Outside of these loops c'e' each side part of
the cap is bent horizontally to form a channeled.or grooved flat bottom portion c
and laterally beyond this is bent upward and then downward and outward to form
an angular chamber or groove ², into which enters the hook end i of a clamping
mut I, which is slipped into the cap from its open end, and is then pushed along by
an inserted rod to the place where it is required to act upon the cap.
The top
portion of the bar-cap is transversely convexed, and the nut I is shaped to conform
to it and has a central pendant stem which passes between the loops and is
bored and adapted to receive the upper screw-threaded end of a bolt or bolt end .J,
which is passed upward through a hole in the bottom of the bar-rail. Upon this
bolt J, inside of its nut k, is placed a suitable spring, preferably a spring-plate K,
which, while allowing the bar-cap c to be pressed down upon the glasses B B to
clamp them between the rail and cap with sufficient firmness to give security, will
also yield sufficiently after the bolt-nut is tightened as much as it should be to
accommodate all contraction or expansion of the metal of the bar to hold the glass
properly and without danger of breaking it, irrespective of more or less sudden or
extreme changes of temperature.
j
It will be noticed that the channels or grooves c² c³ of the bar-cape provide two
independent bearings of the cap on each sheet of glass B held in the bar, and
that the loops, the flanges C, and the bolt fastenings allow use of the same sized
glazing-bar with glass of different thickness-say from one-eighth to three-eighths
of an inch thick-without danger of excessive passage of water into the interior of
the bar, as the flanges C will still enter or be lapped by the loops et even when the
thickest glass is employed.
I here especially mention the preferred concaved form of the bottom of the bar-
rail C as it not only holds the preferred plate-springs K against turning around
out of effective operative position, but it also prevents leakage of water into the
interior of the structure through the hole, through which the cap fastening bolt J
passes, as this hole is in the arched central part of the bar-rail, which is con-
siderably higher than the two gutters each side of it, and down which the water
entering the rail through its holes C° passes to the eaves-bar and main gutter.
Another advantage of the transversely-concaved bottom of the bar-rail is that it
affords a substantial non-rocking bearing for the bar at two places upon the
supporting angle-iron frame bar of the structure, whereby lateral oscillation of the
bar is prevented, and this materially enhances the stability of the entire structure.
Another important advantage of this bar and mode of fastening the glass is that
the nuts of the fastening bolts J, of which there may be any required number, are
inside the building and cannot be tampered with from the outside except by
breaking the glass. Another advantage of the bar and fastening is that the hook-
head of the clamp-nut I by engaging the grooves ²² at opposite sides of the bar-
cap e positively prevents lateral spreading of the cap and also of the rail C', the
flanges C of which enter the cap-loops c¹.
I will here refer to the modified form of the longitudinal glazing-bars shown in
Fig. 19 of the drawings. This bar differs from the one last above described only
in the form of the cap, which, instead of having its lower part at each side formed
with grooves or recesses ²² and loop c, is formed simply with one groove or
recess c, (like the one c², but larger) and with a dependent flange c, which lies
outside the upturned flange or tongue C of the bar-rail. The fastening-nut I
bolt J, and nut and spring & and K are used substantially as above described,
and the nut I prevents lateral spreading of both the cap and the rail of the bar.
Fig. 9 of the drawings shows that the lower end or face of the clamp-nut I is
concaved or countersunk at toward the screw-threaded hole receiving the bolt J

page_text: is
and in a direction lengthwise of the glazing-bar. The object of this concavity
to allow the clamp-nut to be more easily shifted along to find position within the
glazing-bar by means of an awl or rod, for instance inserted through the bolt-hole j
of the bar from beneath, to properly set the clamp nut to bring its threaded bore
directly in line with the bolt-hole to assure easy adjustment of the bolt J from
beneath the bar. This final adjustment of the clamp-nut I is made after it is shifted
along to an approximately proper position by the rod inserted at or from the end
of the bar. This approximately proper position of the clamp-nut may be assured
by pushing it along within the bar until it strikes an awl or rod passed upward
through the bar bolt-holej, whereupon the awl or rod may itself be passed into the
countersink of the nut and into the tapped hole thereof to finally adjust the
clamp-nut to receive the bolt, as above described.
I will next describe the construction at the lap-joint of the glass, and where the
lap-bar D is used in combination with the longitudinal glazing-bar C. It will be
understood that in skylights or in other comparatively small glazed structures the
bars C and sheets of glass B will extend clear from the ridge to the caves; but
in larger structures one or more laps of glass may be required, and in this con-
struction prefer to make the glazing-bars in two or more lengths and join them
at the glass lap or laps and immediately above the purlin. I will explain the
construction of the lap-joint with more particular reference to Figs. 3, 5, 7, and 13
of the drawings, as follows: The lap-bar D will of course extend the whole length
of the roof at the glass laps, and where the structure is too long for one length of
lap-bar this bar will be formed of two or more aligned bars. In the conservatory
shown the lap-bar is formed of two parts the adjacent ends of which are separated
a little about at the centre of one of the glazing-bars C, as shown at the right-
hand end of Fig. 7 of the drawings, and for a purpose presently explained. The
lap-bar D has a peculiar cross-sectional form. (Best shown in Figs. 5, 14, and 14ª.)
It is bent from a sheet of metal preferaby somewhat thinner and more ductile than
the metal of the longitudinal glazing-bars C, with which it connects.
The upper
flat portion of the lap-bar forms a bed or support for the lower end of the upper
sheet of glass B, and is provided with an upturned rear flange d', which forms a
stop to prevent the glass from slipping downward. At the forward or upper edge
it has a downward bend d, which forms a stop to the upper end of the lower sheet
of glass B, and from this downward bend the metal is bent rearward and then
upward to form a gutter d³ under the upper end of the glass, which rests on top of
the vertically doubled bend or flange of the metal which forms the lower side
wall of said gutter. The top of the lower sheet of glass is always supposed to fit
rather closely between the top part of the lap-bar and the top of the flange d',
the flexibility of the metal allowing the bar to be easily bent or set to hold or
clamp the glass in this manner. From the double flange the metal bent down-
ward and then rearward, and finally upward at dat a point a little beyond or above
the upper wall of the gutter ³ to form below it a second gutter de. At intervals of
about a foot (more or less) the bottom or floor of the lap-bar gutter d³ is perforated,
as at , to allow free fall or flow into the lower gutter d of any water which may
perchance beat into said gutter d³ under the lap-bar part or plate d and over past
the top of the lower sheet of glass, and the bottom or floor of the lower gutter is
perforated at only within the lower rails of the longitudinal bars C, through
which the lap-bar passes, to allow all drip from the lap-bar to pass into the longi-
tudinal bars and thence downward to the main gutter.
The especial object of carrying the floor of the lower gutter do and its upper
flange forward beyond the wall d² is to give entrance to the gutter de past the
wall, of water of condensation which would collect on and flow down the inner
face of the upper sheet of glass, and allow-the-lap-bar to carry off this water also,
to the longitudinal bar and thence to the main gutter, and provide for keeping the
interior of the structure entirely dry.
It is quite immaterial whether the glass-retaining flange d' of the lap-bar be

page_text: located in line with the lower double side wall of the gutter as shown in
Figs. 3 and 5, or whether the flanges d'set quite a little distance below or back of
the lap-bar wall d', as shown in Figs. 14 and 144.
In fitting the lap-bar to the longitudinal glazing-bars the lower part or rails of
the bars are cut away at their upper parts to allow the lap-bar or its two gutter
portions d³ and d to be fitted in or through the longitudinal glazing-bar at this.
joint, which is formed by lapping the end portions of the upper and lower sections.
of the glazing-bar, and a bolt e, passed through said lap ends, and an interposed
packing L, and the purlin a³, on which they rest.
The lower end of the upper
portion of the longitudinal glazing-bar laps above and within the upper end of the
lower part of the bar, so as to conduct water safely past the joint on its way from
the ridge to the caves of the structure.
An important feature of my invention, pertaining to the upper and lower
longitudinal bar-sections CC and the lap-bar D, is that the rails C₁ C' of both bar-.
sections bear snugly and closely on the under side of the respective upper and
lower glasses B B. As the upper glass rests on the flat part d of the lap-bar,.
which itself rests upon the lower glass, it is manifest that as the lower rail C of
the upper and lower sections of the longitudinal glazing-bars are of like size the
packing L, which is interposed between the lapped ends of the upper and lower
sections of the longitudinal glazing-bars, should be about as thick as the upper
sheet of glass and the part d of the lap-bar.
The packing, which may be of rubber or any other suitable material, is closely
held in place at the lap-joint by the bolt e', the nut of which is also inside the
house, so that it cannot be tampered with from the outside. The lower end of
the cap of the upper glazing-bar section is lapped some little distance at conto.
the upper end part of the lower bar-section cap to which the lap-bar flange d
forms a stop in setting the glass. I especially mention the fact that with longi-
tudinal glazing-bars and a lap-bar constructed as above described the opposite side
edges of every sheet of glass may be parallel with the side edges of every other
sheet of glass in the roof or wall. In other words, the construction and arrange-
ment of the longitudinal bars C and lap-bar D are such that there is no lateral or
side lappings of upper and lower lengths of a longitudinal bar where the edges of
the upper and lower glass sheets would be obliged to cross laterally lapped parts
of longitudinal glazing-bars, as in other systems of glazing of this general
character and the side edges of the glass sheets may be, if desired, fitted much
more snugly sidewise, or quite closely to the longitudinal bar-flanges C₁ all the
way down the roof from the ridge to the caves irrespective of the number of
lap-bars D which may be employed.
I will now particularly describe the construction at the eaves of the structure,
but not at the hip-bar H, and with more particular reference to Figs. 3, 6.
and 18 of the drawings, as follows: The caves-bar E which is formed from sheet
metal, may be fastened directly to the wooden eaves rail or strip a and the caves-
frame bar a; but I prefer to first lay the inner bent part of the main gutter F
onto the parts a³ and a² and bend the inner end of the gutter around and under
the inner end of the bar a², as shown at ; and then lay the eaves-bar onto the
gutter, and secure all to the frame by eye clamp-bolts M and ordinary bolts N, as.
presently described. The eaves-bar E has a pendant trough or gutter portion e,
which is pierced at intervals with a series of holes e at the bottom to allow water
passing into it from the glazing-bars C to flow off to the main gutter F. The main
body or plate portion e² of the eaves-bar, which rests on the gutter-flange or on the
eaves-frame bar a², is extended inward from the gutter e for a few inches, and at
its rear edge the metal is bent upward to form a wall es, which at its upper edge is.
preferably provided with an outbent flange et, which bears against the under face
of the glass B and shuts out from the interior of the structure air which would
otherwise enter it through the water-drip holes or passages e'. Where the longi-
tudinal glazing-bars C meet the eaves-bar, the latter is cut out at e³ to allow the
bar C to lie on the plate e for substantial support, and also to allow the bar C to.

page_text: bear at its outer end against the outer wall of the eaves-bar, whichi where the
bar C strikes it is provided with an upwardly-projecting lip or flange e', which
comes in front of the cap c¹ of the bar C. The wall'e rises at 8 in front of the
lower edges of the glass sheets -B to retain them in place, as best illustrated in
Fig. 11.
Where the longitudinal glazing-bars Cabut the eaves-bar they are
preferaby soldered to it. Were the inner-wall flange et dispensed with, the said
wall would itself touch the lower face of the bottom sheet of glass and exclude
air, which would otherwise enter the structure through the drip-holes e'; 'but the
use of this flange e is preferable, as it has a more or less elastic bearing upon the
glass, which maintains comparatively close or tight joints of the eaves-bar therewith.
In fastening the eaves-bar and main gutter, and consequently securing the longi-
tudinal bars and the glass, I prefer to re-enforce the outer plate e of the eaves-bar
by a clip-plate O, through which and a hole in said plate the outer screw-
threaded end of the bolt M is passed from inside the eaves-bar. This bolt M. lies
within the rail C' of the longitudinal bar C and at its inner end has an eye or
loop m, through which is passed the fastening bolt N, which also passes through
the eaves-bar and gutter-flanges and the caves-frame bar or ange-iron u², and when
the nut of the bolt N is tightened below the bar a2 and the nut m' of the bolt M.
is tightened outside the clip-plate O the entire structure at the eaves will be sub-
stantially secured.
The lower part of the rail C₁ of each of the longitudinal glazing-bars C is
preferably cut out or away at to allow free flow of water from the bars to the
eaves-bar and gutter. This allows the bar-rails C' to abut the eaves-bar wall e,
and somewhat relieves the dragging strain on the fastening-bolts.
I will next particularly describe the construction of the straight metal ridge bar
or piece G and the relation of the glazing-bars C therewith as follows, and with
more especial reference to Figs. 1, 3, 4, 15, and 16: At the point of junction of
the main ridge-bar with the two diagonally-slanting hip-bars H H of the roof I
prefer to fasten to the frame a suitable ornamental crest or finial P, to which the
three bars G H and I are fitted, the bar G being abutted against and soldered to
the inner flat vertical face of the ornament. The ridge-bar G is made, preferably,
from one sheet of metal bent laterally each way from its centre to form the trans-
versely-arched cap g, from each lower edge of which the metal is bent back or
doubled onto itself to increase the stiffness of the bar to a point g', and thence the
metal is bent downward and inward at g² toward a vertical line to a point o³, where
the metal is doubled upon itself to form a gutter g, the outer wall or flange g
of which is apertured at g at the centre of each of the longitudinal glazing-
bars C, which are slipped into openings Co formed by cutting away the upper
oter doubled part of the ridge-bar. From the point g³ the metal is again bent
downward in the plane of the part about to the transverse centre of the
ridge-bar, and thence the metal is finally bent downward and outward at g
about in line with the plane of the pitch of the roof, and so that each side
flange grests firmly upon one of the ridge-piece angle-irons a, to which both
flanges are secured by bolts g, which also pass through and secure the rails C¹
of the longitudinal glazing-bars C to the ridge angle-irons. By reason of the
gutter having an outlet in the various glazing-bars any water that may enter
between the ridge-bar and the glazing-bars will find its way to the gutters g
without entering the interior of the structure and be delivered to the rail-sections
of the glazing-bars and from thence through suitable apertures produced in their
lower ends into the trough section of the eaves-bar and the eaves-trough proper.
At the gable end of the structure the ridge-bar is closed by reason of the
flashing a extending upward therein, and re-enforcing plates " and " placed
one at each side of the flashing, as illustrated in Fig. 15. The plates and the
flashing are held in position by a clamp-bolt_g-threaded-at-its outer end and
provided with an eye at its inner end, the threaded extremity being passed
through the flashing and the re-enforcing plates and provided outside of the same
with a lock-nut g. The clamp-bolt is retained in the horizontal position within

page_text: the ridge-bar by a tie-bolt g13, which passes through the eye of the said clamp-bolt.
and the walls g of the ridge-bar. (See Figs. 4 and 15.)
The glazing-bars C at the gable end of the structure are not held together by
clamping bolts and nuts I and J, as are the others, the sections thereof being made
to slide or dovetail one in the other, as shown in Fig. 16, and the flashing a10
parallel with this gable glazing-bar, is bent over upon itself at the upper end to an
essentially rectangular shape, and the said rectangular portion enters and is held in
the outer side groove of the bar, as illustrated at a", in Fig. 16. The hip-bars H
are very similar in construction to the glazing-bars C, the lower section H' having
a longitudinal groove in its under face, straight parallel sides C2, and the upper
apertured gutters C. The flanges C, however, are bent at an angle upward, as
best shown in Fig. 17. The cap section is much larger at its lower end, the
cylindrical upper portion remaining the same. The glass B abuts with the flanges
which extend above them, and the lower or body portion of the cap is curved
horizontally outward from its junction with the cylindrical portion, and the sides
extend downward to a contact with the glass, the said sides being provided with
recesses to receive and fit to the contour of the approaching ends of the glazing-
bars, as shown in Fig. 11.
The caves-bars E form a mitre at the lower ends of the hip-bars, and therefore
angular cover-plates 2 are employed to close the lower extremities of the hip-bars,
which cover plates are held in contact with the latter and the eaves-bars in similar
manner as the cover-plates of the glazing-bars are retained in position.
It will be observed that a roof constructed as herein set forth is extremely strong
and durable, and that such ample provision is made for the conduct of rain or
melted snow or vapor to the eaves-trough from every portion of the roof that
leakage of any description is rendered almost impossible.
It will be further observed that the glass is held firmly to place in a simple
and effective manner, and that no rough or unprotected joints occur at any point,
even where the glass plates overlap and the short lengths of the lap-bars, and
glazing and hip-bars, when used are connected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. In a glazed structure, the combination, with a hollow ridge-bar and series of
hollow glazing-bars having a connection with the ridge-bar, of caves-bars located
beneath the lower extremities of the glazing-bars and an eaves-trough located
beneath the eaves-bar, communication being established between the glazing-bars,
the caves-bars, and the eaves-trough, substantially as and for the purpose.
specified.
2. In a glazed structure, the combination, with a hollow ridge-bar provided
with a longitudinal gutter, and glazing-bars constructed in two hollow sections
connected at their upper ends with the ridge-bar and provided with gutters
having communication with the interior, of caves-bars located beneath the lower
ends of the glazing-bars, provided with an apertured trough-section, having
communication with the interior of the glazing-bars, an caves-trough located
beneath the eaves-bars to receive the drip therefrom, and glass panes having their
edges tied between the sections of the glazing bars, the outer wall of the eaves-
bars forming a stop for the lower ends of the glass panes, substantially as shown
and described.
3. In a glazed structure, the combination, with a hollow ridge-bar provided with
longitudinal gutters, glazing-bars constructed in lengths, each length being formed
of two hollow sections having a space between them, the lower wall of which space
is provided with an apertured gutter leading to the interior, and lap-bars fastened
to the glazing-bars at the overlapping of their lengths, the said lap-bars being
formed with an upper supporting section and two gutter-sections located one below
the other, the said gutter-sections having communication with each other and with
B

page_text: the interior of the glazing-bars, of eaves-bars located beneath the lower ends of the
glazing-bars, provided with an apertured gutter-section and having communication
with the interior of the glazing-bars, eaves-troughs located beneath the eaves-bars,
and hip-bars receiving the ends of several of the glazing-bars, the said hip-bars
being constructed in essentially a similar manner to the glazing-bars, substantially
as shown and described.
4. In a glazed structure, a glazing-bar consisting of a lower rail-section provided
at its upper face each side of the centre with a gutter and an upwardly-extending
flange, and a cap-section-having communication with the rail-section and provided
upon its inner side with loops adapted to receive the flanges of the rail-section,
substantially as shown and described.
5. In a glazed structure, a glazing-bar consisting of a lower tubular rail-section
provided at its upper face each side of the centre with a gutter having openings
therein and an essentially vertical Hange at the inner side of the gutters, and a
tubular cap having communication with the interior of the rail, the under surface
whereof extends essentially horizontally over the gutter-surface of the rail-section,
the said under surface of the cap-section terminating at each side of its centre with
a loop to receive flanges of the rail-section, substantially as specified.
6. In a glazed structure, the combination, with the tubular body or rail of a
glazing-bar provided at its upper face with apertured gutters and an upwardly-
extending flange at each side of its centre, of a tubular cap-section provided with
an essentially horizontal under surface near its sides and loops adapted to receive
the rail-flanges, and means, substantially as shown and described, for tying the cap-
section to the rail-section, as and for the purpose specified.
7. In a glazed structure, the combination, with the tubular body or rail of a
glazing-bar open at the top and having its inner ends flanged upward and provided
with an apertured gutter: between its outer side surfaces and flanges, of a tubular
cap-section having essentially angular outer edges and provided with a central
opening in its under surface and a loop and horizontal surface at each side of the
opening, transparent panes inserted between the contiguous surfaces of the cap and
rail over the gutter of the latter to a bearing against its flanges, and means, sub-
stantially as described, for binding the panes between the sections of the glazing-
bar and tying the said sections to each other, substantially as specified.
8. In a glazed structure, the combination, with the tubular body or rail of a
glazing-bar having an opening at its top, and the walls of which opening are
Hanged upward and provided with apertured gutters between the flanges and the
upper outer side walls, of a tubular cap-section having an opening in its under
face communicating with the interior of the rail-section, the walls of which
opening contact with the flanges of the rail-section, a nut fitted essentially to the
inner contour of the cap section, and a bolt passed through the rail-section into
the said nnt, substantially as specified.
9. In a glazed structure, the combination, with a glazing-bar consisting of a
hollow essentially rectangular body or rail-section having an opening in its top
a flange at each side of the opening and a gutter near said Hanges, and a hollow
cap-section having a cylindrical upper surface and an opening in its under face,
the walls whereof contact with the rail-flanges, the said cap-section being also
provided with essentially angular lower side edges, of a clamping-nut shaped to
the cylindrical contour of the cap and provided with a shank having a threaded
bore extending downward into the rail-section, and a tie bolt passed through the
bottom of the rail-section into the shank-bore of the nut, substantially as shown
and described.
10. In a glazed structure, the combination, with a glazing-bar consisting of a
hollow essentially rectangular body or rail-section having an opening in its top
a flange at each side of the opening and a gutter near said flanges,-and-a-hollow
cap-section having a cylindrical upper surface and an opening in its under face,
the walls whereof contact with the rail-flanges, the said cap-section being also
provided with essentially angular Lower side edges, of a clamping-nut shaped to

page_text: the cylindrical contour of the cap and provided with a shank having an interior
bore integral with its under surface, a bolt passed through the bottom of the
rail-section into the shank of the nut and provided with a lock-nut at its lower
end, and a spring located between said nut and the bottom of the rail-section,
substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose specified.
11. In a glazed structure, the combination, with a glazing-bar consisting of a
tubular lower or rail-section having a convexed bottom and a cap-section provided
with a cylindrical upper surface having communication and contact with the
rail-section, of a clamping nut shaped to the cylindrical contour of the cap and
provided with an integral shank having a concaved lower end and a threaded
bore, a bolt threaded at both ends passed through the bottom of the rail into.
the bore of the clamping-nut, a spring plate inserted upon the lower end of the
bolt, having bearing against the under concaved surface of the rail-section,.
and a lock-nut binding the spring to place, substantially as shown and described.
12. In a glazed structure, a lap-bar consisting of flexible metal bent to form
an upper platform provided with a flange at one side, a gutter beneath said
platform, and a second or lower gutter extending beneath the first gutter, sub-
stantially as specified.
13. In a glazed structure, a lap-bar adapted to seal and support the opposed
edges of glass panes, consisting of a metal-plate bent to form an upper platform.
provided with a flange at one side, a perforated gutter beneath the same, having
one side of less height than the other, and a second lower gutter extending
beyond the higher side wall of the upper gutter and having an upturned flange.
at its upper end, substantially as specified.
14. In a glazed structure, the combination, with the glazing-bars constructed
with a lower tubular rail-section and an upper tubular cap-section, of lap-bars
extending into the lower sections of the glazing-bars, consisting of metal bent to
form an upper platform having a flange at one side, a perforated gutter beneath
the same, and a second lower gutter extending beyond one side of the upper
gutter, the said lower gutter being provided with openings leading into the
glazing-bars, substantially as specified.
15. In a glazed structure, the combination, with the glazing-bars constructed
with a lower tubular rail-section and an opposed tubular cap-section, and panes of
glass clamped between the sections of the bars and overlapped at their ends, of
lap-bars extending into the lower sections of the glazing-bars, consisting of metal
bent to form an upper platform having a flange at one side and adapted to support
the lower end of the upper glass pane, a perforated gutter beneath the same,
having one wall of less height than the other, the upper edge of the lower glass
pane being adapted to rest upon the shorter wall of said gutter and extend upward
over the same, and a second lower gutter extending beyond one side of the upper
gutter, the said lower gutter being provided with openings leading into the glazing-
bars, substantially as specified, whereby any vapor, rain, or melted snow finding its.
way between the overlapping joints of the glass panes will be conducted into the
glazing-bars, as specified.
16. In a glazed structure, an eaves-bar constructed substantially as described,
the same consisting of a metal plate bent to form a central flat body or bearing
surface, an apertured trough at the outer or front side the outer wall of which
trough extends beyond the plane of the body surface, and the perpendicular rear
wall extending upward from the rear side of the body-surface and having an
outwardly-projecting flange on its upper edge, substantially as specified.
17. In a glazed structure, an eaves-bar constructed substantially as described,
the same consisting of a metal plate bent to form a central flat body or bearing
surface, an apertured trough at the outer or front side the outer wall of which
trough extends above the plane of the body-surface, a perpendicular rear wall
extending upward from the rear side of the body and provided with a forwardly-
bent horizontal flange, the said rear wall and its flange being recessed at intervals.
to receive the glazing-bars of the structure, substantially as specified.

page_text: 18. The combination, with an caves-bar, the same consisting of a metal plate
bent to form a flat body, an apertured trough at the forward or outer end of the
body, the outer wall of which is projected above the plane of the body, and a
perpendicular wall extending upward from the inner or rear side of the body, of an
eaves-trough attached to the body of the eaves-bar and extending beneath and
beyond the trough-section of said eaves-bar, substantially as specified.
19. In a glazed structure, the combination, with the eaves-rail and caves-frame of
the structure and an eaves-trough secured to the same, of an eaves-bar also
attached to the said rail and frame, consisting of a flat body portion, an apertured
trough formed at the outer side of the body projecting within the caves-trough,
and a wall extending upward from the inner or rear side of the body and provided
with a forwardly-disposed horizontal flange, the said wall and flange being recessed
to receive the glazing-bars of the structure, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
20. In a glazed structure, the combination with the eaves-rail and the eaves-
frame bar of a structure, and an eaves-trough secured to the said bar and rail, of an
eaves-bar consisting of a flat body portion, an apertured trough formed at the
outer side of the body projecting downward within the eaves-trough, the outer wall
of which extends above said body, an upwardly extending perpendicular wall at the
rear side of said body, provided with an upwardly-extending horizontal flange, the
said wall and flange being recessed at intervals, and lugs formed upon the outer or
front wall of said eaves-bar opposite the said recesses, of glazing-bars, substantially
as described, extending through the recesses of the eaves-bar and contacting with
the lugs thereon, an eyebolt located within each of the glazing-bars and passed
through the forward walls of the eaves-bar, and a tic-bolt passed through the
eye-bolt and the caves frame and bar, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
21. In a glazed structure, the combination, with a series of glazing-bars arranged
at each side of the ridge, of a ridge-bar curved at its top and recessed to receive
the upper ends of the glazing-bars, the metal of the said ridge-bar being bent from
the under face downward across the inner ends of the glazing-bars and beneath
said bars for attachment to the ridge angle-irons of the structure, substantially as
shown and described.
22. In a glazed structure, the combination, of a series of glazing-bars arranged
at each side of the ridge and provided with recesses in their upper ends, and a
ridge-bar having a cylindrical top recessed to receive and contact with the exterior
of the glazing-bar, the metal of the said ridge-bar being carried diagonally
downward at each side covering the upper ends of the glazing-bars, and also
carried within the recesses of said bars, forming an apertured gutter, and thence
downward beneath the glazing-bars, and means, substantially as described, for
securing the ridge-bar and the upper ends of the glazing-bars to the ridge-irons of
the structure, as specified.
23. In a glazed structure, the combination, with the glass-receiving gable-rail of
the structure and the ridge-bar, of a flashing secured to and covering the said rail
and extending up within the ridge-bar, re-enforcing plates bearing against the face
of the flashing and capping the ends of the ridge-bar, a clamping-bolt located
within the ridge-bar, having an eye at its inner end, and a threaded outer end
provided with a lock-nut extending through the flashing and re-enforcing plates;
and a tie-bolt passed horizontally. through the ridge-bar and the eye of the
clamping-bolt, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
13
31
T
1001
W. H. COULSON.
By Brewer & Son,..
Agents.