IMPROVE- MENTS IN HORSEHAIR CRINOLINE FOR PETTICOATS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Smith, of the City of Bristol, Horsehair.
Seating and Curled Hair Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORSEHAIR CRINOLINE FOR PETTICOATS."
Sealed the 20th April 1858, and dated the 22nd October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
* 1857.
I, JAMES SMITH, of the City of Bristol, Horsehair Seating and Curled
Hair Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSEHAIR CRINOLINE FOR PETTICOATS," to be as follows:-
The improvements effected in the manufacture of crinoline are by the
substitution of a linen for a cotton warp, the latter having hitherto been
used. That is, my improved horse hair crinoline will be made of foreign or
English horsehair, as weft, with a linen or flaxen chain or warp; the said
warp to be prepared or starched white or in colors, as may be required, and
to be warped from 25 to 60 threads to the inch, according to the fineness of
the cloth made.
The introduction of the linen warp alters the character of the crinoline,

page_text: rendering it stiffer, more elastic, and durable, and in every respect superior
to the ordinary crinoline. The above is a description of the said Invention,
the details whereof may however probably be varied in practice.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SMITH, of the City of Bristol, Horsehair Seating and Curled Horsehair Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Smith, Her special licence that I, the said James Smith,
my executors, administrators, or such others as I, the said James Smith,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSEHAIR
CRINOLINE FOR PETTICOATS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The Invention, as already set forth in and by the Provisional Specification
left and recorded on application for the said Letters Patent, consists in effected
certain improvements in the manufacture of crinoline by the substitution
of a linen for a cotton warp, the latter having hitherto been used; the

page_text: improvement effected by such substitution being that the fabric is rendered
more stable, elastic, and durable, and otherwise superior to the ordinary
article. This improved horsehair crinoline can be made of any kind of horse-
hair, French, British, or otherwise, the horsehair being used in the weft, with
a linen or flaxen chain or warp. The said warp to be prepared or starched
white or in colors, as may be required, and to be warped from 25 to 60
threads to the inch, according to the fineness of the cloth made.
Having prepared a white or other linen or flaxen warp, the same is entered
in a reed and harness of the kind ordinarily employed in the manufacture of
horsehair cloth, and struck as aforesaid from 25 to 60 threads to the inch, and
being thus entered is woven in the same manner as ordinary horsehair cloth
with from two to ten treddles, according to the pattern required.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the improvements
in horsehair crinoline for petticoats, effected by the introduction of linen warp,
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Smith, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
TAMES SMITH
L
JAMES SMITH,
(*.S.)