IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SIZE OR STIFFENING AND IN APPLYING THE SAME TO TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT. to Joseph Townsend, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SIZE OR STIFFENING AND IN APPLYING THE
SAME TO TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS."
Sealed the 3rd August 1866, and dated the 8th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said Joseph Townsend at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th February 1866.
I, JOSEPH TOWNSEND, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SIZE OR STIFFENING AND IN
APPLYING THE SAME TO TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS," to be as follows, that is
to say:
This Invention relates to the preparing of size or stiffening and the
applying thereof to textile materials and fabrics, and so as to prevent
mildew or dry rot. Any farinaceous or amylaceous matter, by preference,
reduced to flour may be used for the purposes of this Invention, and one
improvement consists in preparing size or stiffening by mixing such flour

page_text: with water in a comparatively cold state, or more particularly at a tem-
perature below 180 degrees Fahrenheit; or a mixture of flour and water
may be further mixed with an anti-mildew paste or composition prepared
as herein-after stated. Instead of combining size or stiffening prepared as
herein described or otherwise with tallow or other oleaginous or fatty
matter, before applying it to the textile materials or fabrics for the
purpose of lubricating these and preventing them from adhering to the
heated drying cylinder, the necessary oleaginous, fatty, or other matter is
by this Invention applied (by a roller or otherwise) to the surface of the
heated drying cylinder, and thus, not being previously mixed with the size
or stiffening, cannot prevent the latter from thoroughly penetrating and
saturating the textile materials or fabrics.
The anti-mildew paste or composition herein-before referred to is
formed according to one modification by combining farinaceous or amy-
laceous flour with chloride of magnesium and chloride of zinc, and after-
wards with chloride of sodium. Suitable proportions (but which may be
varied in practice) are, for one pound of flour, four pounds of a solution
-containing three ounces chloride of magnesium and one-third of an ounce
chloride of zinc. These ingredients are well mixed for five to ten
minutes and then passed through a fine sieve. A pasty character is
gradually developed, and in about an hour after mixing there is added
three and a half pounds of a solution of chloride of sodium containing
about three and a half ounces per pound. This anti-mildew paste or com-
position is to be mixed with the flour and water in the proportion of eight
and a half pounds of paste to one pound of flour previously mixed with
water to the proper consistency for sizing, say, three or four pounds, and
the mixture is to be passed through a fine sieve.
The chemical ingredients herein-before mentioned may be changed for
others or for mixtures of others having a similar action. Thus, for the
chloride of magnesium there may be substituted sulphuric, sulphurous,
phosphoric, hydrochloric, oxalic, arsenic, or arsenious acid, or compounds
of any of these acids, or silicates, or carbonates, or chloride of calcium
For the chloride of zinc there may be substituted other metallic chlorides
or, sulphurous acid, or sulphites, or hyposulphites. Finally, for the chlo
ride of sodium there may be substituted the chloride of potassium or o
ammonium, or sulphates or carbonates of the alkalies.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Townsend in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
TOWNSEND, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,-
Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Joseph Townsend, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Townsend, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
otliers as I, the said Joseph Townsend, my executors, administrators;
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to.
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make,, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SIZE OR STIFFENING
AND IN APPLYING THE SAME TO TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS," upon the .con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said. Joseph Townsend, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument, in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe, and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Townsend, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the preparing of size or stiffening and the
applying thereof to textile materials, and fabrics,, and so as to prevent
mildew or dry rot.. Any farinaceous or amylaceous matter, by preference,
reduced to flour may be used for the purposes of this Invention, and one
improvement consists in preparing size, or stiffening by mixing such flour
with water in a comparatively cold state, or more particularly at a tem-
perature below 180 degrees Fahrenheit; or a mixture of flour and water

page_text: may be further mixed with an anti-mildew paste or composition prepared
as herein-after stated. Instead of combining size or stiffening prepared
as herein described with tallow or other oleaginous or fatty matter; before
applying it to the textile materials or fabrics for the purpose of lubricating
these and, preventing them from adhering to the heated drying cylinder
or roller, the necessary oleaginous, fatty, or other matter is by this Inven
tion applied (by a roller or otherwise) to the surface of the heated drying
cylinder or roller, and thus, not being previously mixed with the size, or
stiffening, cannot prevent the latter from thoroughly penetrating and
saturating the textile materials or fabrics.
The anti-mildew paste or composition herein-before referred to is
formed according to one modification by combining farinaceous or amyla-
ceous flour with chloride of magnesium and chloride of zinc, and after-
wards with chloride of sodium. Suitable proportions (but which may be
varied in practice) are, for one pound of flour, four pounds of a solution
containing three ounces of chloride of magnesium and one-third of an ounce
chloride of zinc. These ingredients are well mixed for five to ten
minutes and then passed through a fine sieve. A pasty character is
gradually developped, and in about an hour after mixing there are added
three and a half pounds of a solution of chloride of sodium containing
three and a half ounces per pound. This anti-mildew paste or composition
is to be mixed with the flour and water in the proportion of eight and a
half pounds of paste to one pound of flour previously mixed with water to
the proper consistency for sizing, say, three or four pounds, and the
mixture is to be passed through a fine sieve.
The chemical ingredients herein-before mentioned may be changed for
others or for mixtures of others having a similar action. Thus, for the
chloride of magnesium there may be substituted sulphuric, sulphurous,
phosphoric, hydrochloric, oxalic, arsenic or arsenious acid, or compounds
of any of these acids, or silicates, or carbonates, or chloride of calcium.
For the chloride of zinc there may be substituted chloride of mercury or
other metallic chlorides, or sulphurous acid or sulphites, or hyposulphites.
Finally, for the chloride of sodium there may be substituted the chloride
of potassium or of ammonium, or sulphates or carbonates of the alkalies.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I have to state that what I believe
to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-

page_text: First, the using of water at a temperature below 180 degrees Fahrenheit
in preparing size or stiffening with farinaceous or amylaceous flour or
matter, either alone or combined with anti-mildew paste or composition,
substantially as herein-before described.
Second, the applying of tallow or other oleaginous or fatty matter for
lubricating textile materials or fabrics to the drying cylinders or rollers
instead of mixing it with the size or stiffening, substantially as herein-
before described.
Third, the preparing of anti-mildew paste or composition for sizing or
stiffening by treating farinaceous or amylaceous flour with chloride of
magnesium and chloride of zinc, and afterwards with chloride of sodium,
substantially in the manner herein-before described.
And, fourth, the substituting of the other chemical ingredients herein-
before specified or indicated for the chloride of magnesium, the chloride of
zinc, and the chloride of sodium respectively, in preparing the anti-mildew
paste or composition.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Townsend, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOSEPH TOWNSEND. (L.S.)