s, Rooms, and Apartments.
Year: 1885

page_text: Buildings, Rooms, and Apartments.
I RICHARD WILLIAM HALE of N° 12 Chalton Street Euston Road in the
County of Middlesex Ventilating and Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING SHIPS
PUBLIC AND OTHER BUILDINGS ROOMS AND APARTMENTS to be as follows:-
Figure 1. Represents an Inlet Ventilator and consists of an outer guard or
storm cap or rim A A with internal perforated water rim B B a curved inner
cone C C with four baffle plates connected at right angles forming four receiving
chambers for external air-appended to the internal part of curved cone CC are
four division plates forming air chambers leading to main shaft E, attached to
these plates is a cone or dome plate H to spread the current of air equally before
entering the Ship Building or Apartment to be ventilated. D. D. is a deflecting
plate or cone in drum for conducting the current of air to main shaft E.
Figure 2. Represents an Extractor or Exhaust Ventilator and consists of an
outer rim A A and two cones B. B. B. B. these cones are attached to the main
shaft E, affixed to these cones B. B. B. B. and the main shaft E are four baffle
plates C. C. equally divided, surmounting these baffle plates C. .C. is a conical
cap D. D. to which they are attached, the outer rim A. A. forming the Wind or
Storm Protector.-The apparatus as described in Figures 1 and 2 when fixed form
in combination a complete system of Ventilation.

page_text: Improved Apparatus for Cing smp,
Buildings, Rooms, and Apartments.
I, RICHARD WILLIAM HALE of 12 Chalton Street Euston Road in the County
of Middlesex Ventilating and Sanitary Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING SHIPS, PUBLIC AND
OTHER BUILDINGS ROOMS AND APARTMENTS" and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of my invention is to admit fresh air to and to draw or exhaust the
vitiated air from the interior of ships public and other buildings rooms and
apartments all as hereafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 is a vertical section Figure 3 is an
inverted plan and Figure 4 is a horizontal section on the line X Y of Figure 2 of
ventilating apparatus for the admission of air to the place to be ventilated.
Figure 5 is a vertical section, Figure 6 is a side elevation, Figure 7 is an
inverted horizontal section on the line X¹ Y¹ of Figure 5 and Figure 8 is a
horizontal section on the line X2 Y2 of Figure 5 of ventilating apparatus for the
withdrawal or exhaustion of vitiated air from the place to be ventilated.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation shewing an application of the ventilators with
so much of two apartments as will be necessary to illustrate how the invention is
or may be applied for domestic or other purposes.
Figures 10 and 11 show two sections of the same ship one section being taken
through an inlet and the other through an outlet ventilator.
Figure 12 shews in vertical section an application of my ventilator at or near a
place where there is a junction of two or more branch pipes.
Referring to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 A is an outer guard storm cap or rim forming
the top canopy of the apparatus; B is a water rim or guard; C C are apertures in
the water rim B, D is an inner cone curved as shown for directing the currents of
air; E, E, E, E are baffle plates connected to and standing between the cone D (at
right angles thereto) and the guard A-thereby forming say four chambers for
receiving and admitting air within the cap and guard A. F, F, F, F, are division
plates connected to and standing at right angles between the internal portion or
surface of the curved cone D and to the inverted conical roof A¹ of the cap A.
G is a portion of the main inlet shaft into the upper end of which the division
plates Fextend for a short distance. H is a dome plate attached to the lower end
or termination of the division plates F and where the plates meet in such a manner
that the dome H occupies the centre of the downward shaft and as hereafter more
particularly explained.
Referring to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8. G¹ is the main uptake shaft to the top
of which is fitted the outlet or exhaust apparatus constructed according to my
invention and consisting of the following parts. B is a conically shaped ring on

page_text: this main uptake shaft G¹ carrying above it baffle plates E which in their turn
carry and support a conically shaped ring B¹ the inner side of which is prolonged
upwards above the top or termination of the main shaft G. F, F F, F, are baffle
or division plates brazed or otherwise on to the conical ring B¹.
A¹ is the cap or
canopy. B2 is an annular rim fitted within the main uptake shaft G¹ having.
apertures C in same whereby for example the condensed vapour which may trickle
down the main shaft G¹ is caught and escapes outside by the aperture C. In the
apparatus shown at Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 atmospheric air is free to enter at all
times between the baffle plates E and up to and against the inner curved cone D.
its tendency to pass round same in a horizontal direction being prevented by the
baffle plates E and passing between the curved cone D and the water rim B and
thence against the surface of the inverted conical roof A¹ then down between the
division plates F and so down to the main shaft G and thence to any required
place. When this apparatus is used as a means for admitting air to ships as a
windsail the position of same does not require to be shifted to the wind but on
the contrary it always remains in the same position while air is continually
admitted between the baffle plates all round and at the same time water cannot
reach the main inlet shaft owing to the water rim B and to the curved surface of
the cone D but even in the event of some water entering between the water rim
and the curved inner cone then it escapes to the outside by the apertures C; by
these effective means air can and will at all times enter by it whereas the curves
of its shape will exclude all entrance of water to the main inlet shaft G. This a
matter of great importance in vessels that have close and confined cabins engine
rooms coal bunkers and stowage places and especially in those vessels which ship a
good deal of water in a sea way such as in the case of torpedo boats and other
small vessels. The arrows in Figures 1 and 2 indicate the direction in which the
air enters the main shaft G from whence it is carried off to the several apartments
or cabins, or other places required to be ventilated and as will be more fully
hereafter described.
Referring now to Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 which is the exhaust apparatus for taking
off the vitiated air from the apartinents rooms or cabins to which the fresh air has
been admitted by the main inlet pipe G and without which provision, no system
of ventilation can be properly effective; the vitiated air escapes from the several
compartments with which the main shaft G¹ is in communication and ascends same
in the direction of the arrows. Atmospheric air enters the apparatus first between
the conically shaped rings B B¹ baffle plates E and secondly between the cone B¹
and cap A¹ the current of air passing over or across the upper end or termination
of the uptake shaft G¹ will induce an upward current by causing a partial vacuum
in said shaft and cause the vitiated air to rise and thus by the action of the current
of fresh air admitted or passing through the apparatus as aforesaid the vitiated
air is driven out between the baffle plates F, and the canopy A¹ as it is sucked up
the exhaust G¹ while any condensation of vapour that may take place in, or
moisture that may come within the upper portion of the main shaft G¹ is caught
by the annular rim B² and carried off through the apertures O in the shaft G¹.
I have shewn at Figure 9 one method of application of my improved system
of ventilation as adapted to some apartments, say, of a dwelling house, where
A represents the inlet ventilator, A* the outlet or exhaust ventilator, G the main
inlet shaft, and G¹ the main uptake shaft.
The main inlet shaft G passes downwards and is provided with branch pipes
which enter it and are formed inside the main pipe G with bell shaped mouths
which catch a share of the down draught of fresh air and conduct same into the
room or apartment, which it enters at a somewhat low level and where the indraught
may be regulated by any suitable or well known valve or device; but I have
shewn the one I prefer to use applied at K and consisting of a fixed tube K¹ having"
a somewhat conical end and shewn communicating with the interior of the down
shaft G in the manner before stated. A movable tube K³ is provided which slides-

page_text: over the tube K' and carries a funnel tube K³ which receives the blast of air from
the tube K' this breaking the current to a certain extent and causing all dust to
settle, the air escaping into the room through ports in the sliding tube K2 which is
shewn in a partially pulled out or open position.
Experience has proved to me that a current of air in a passage will travel
unequally as to speed, that is to say, if the area at any horizontal plane in for
example the down shaft G were considered, it would be found, that the current has
a greater velocity when near the sides or internal periphery than about the centre.
Acting on this experience I affix to the end of the division plates of the inlet
ventilator the dome H before mentioned to act as a spreader and divide the air so
that it shall pass where the tendency to the greatest velocity exists and it is on the
same principle therefore that the branch inlets open up to the main tube nearest
its periphery rather than in the centre of the passage. By reference to the drawing
(Figure 9) it will be seen that the continuation of the main uptake shaft G³
carrying the exhaust ventilator varies in diameter with each additional branch pipe
which takes onto it and this variation from time to time of the area of the main
uptake shaft G¹ I prefer to make proportional to and sufficient for the additional
volume of air brought by each of the branch pipes as they lead into the said
shaft.
I would also remark that, by the usual method of ventilating, the air from a cool
room might for example pass direct into a continuous main exhaust pipe and would
be allowed to strike directly across it; a current coming up the same shaft from a
lower and comparatively warmer room would on arriving at the place where the
colder air was entering the shaft at say right angles be obstructed by this stronger
current which would form a kind of baffle or at any rate would exercise a retarding
influence on the ascending warmer air thus rendering the exhaust ventilator
defective or inefficient now by the arrangement of pipes I prefer to use with my.
exhaust ventilator and as shown in Figure 9 this retarding influence is avoided by
forming an outer sleeve G³ on the main pipe G¹ and bringing the branch pipe G³
into the sleeve in such a manner that the current of air is deflected against the
side of the rising and smaller lower main tube and passes straight up the main
passage as shown by the arrows in fact acting similarly to my exhaust ventilator
itself. The foregoing explanation will have made the following figures 10 and 11
shewing the application of my invention to ships sufficiently clear, it being remarked
that figure 10 shows the down shaft G and figure 11 the upshaft G¹. I would also
have it understood that either of these shafts may, as shown by the section, be
either jointed or bent so as to run longitudinally and horizontally instead of
vertically and at the same time have branch pipes to distribute or collect leading
therefrom. The same remark equally applies to Figure 9 and where both inlet and
outlet mains are shewn bent in order to pass under the flooring to other rooms or
apartments not shewn on the drawings. But where it is inconvenient to carry the
main shafts such a sufficient distance that the connections or branch pipes may
separately lead into same I would then apply my invention as in figure 12 where
the main shaft communicates and terminates in an air collector or chest provided
with a conical end the apex of which enters the termination of the main shaft.
Around and on the sides I cause the branch tubes to enter and communicate with
the interior of the chest, and in such a position as (supposing the main shaft to be
an exhaust shaft and marked G¹ for this purpose) to direct the flow of air proceeding
from these branch tubes against the inclined sides of the cone following the direction
of which sides the air will be led into the main shaft.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. In apparatus for ventilating the construction and employment of appliances,
for the admission of fresh air to a main service nine to he distributed from thence

page_text: to the places to be ventilated substantially as herein before described and illustrated
with references to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Second. In apparatus for ventilating, the construction and employment of
appliances for exhausting the vitiated air from the several apartinents or places
substantially as herein before described and illustrated with reference to figures 5,
6, 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Third. In apparatus for ventilating ships, public and other buildings, rooms and
apartments, the construction and employment of apparatus for the admission of
atmospheric air thereto, wherein water cannot enter, while the air can, in com-
bination with apparatus for exhausting the impure air, which latter will not allow
water to enter, the whole being applied alone or in combination with branch tubes
and appliances for regulating the supply of air to the several places to be ventilated
all arranged and acting substantially as and for the purposes set forth.