CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ROVINGS, AND FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND WINDING FIBROUS SUBSTANCE3
Year: 1826

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MAURICE
DE JONG, of Warrington, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighteenth day of December,
in the seventh year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said
Maurice De Jongh, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Maurice De Jongh, my exors, admors, and
assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of years therein men-
tioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ROVINGS, AND FOR SPINNING, TWISTING,
AND WINDING FIBROUS SUBSTANCE3;" in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso that if 1, the said Maurice De Jongh, shall not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent
and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly
cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same (relation being
thereunto had) will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Maurice De Jongh, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which I perform the same, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following explanation thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereto annexed (that is to say):-
My Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Preparing Rovings and for
Spinning, Twisting, and Winding Fibrous Substances, consist in a certain new
arrangement of mechanism for winding spun yarns, threads, and rovings on
spindles, either naked or covered with spools, or any other coating; which said
new arrangement of mechanism is exhibited in the accompanying Drawings, and
will be fully understood by the following description thereof.
Figure 1 is a plan or horizontal view of a mule carriage, represented as
having only four drums with a proportionate number of spindles. The upper
part of the framing of the said carriage, and the covering boards being
removed for the purpose of showing the parts within, as also the principal parts
cf the mechanism, which constitute my new invented improvement.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the mule carriage intersected at right angles at
about the place where the dotted red line crosses Figure 1; as also of other
parts of the machinery shown in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal elevation of a part of my improvement as placed
in the inside of the carriage, seen also in Figure 1. The same letters denote
similar parts in all the Figures. A, A, A, is the framing of the carriage;
B, B, B, are its wheels running on the slips C, C, C; D, D, D, D, the drums
turning the spindles E, E, E; these drums are turned in the usual way by
the drum-band pulleys; F, G, and E, are the squaring or regulating band
pulleys, over which pass the squaring or regulating bands I, I, I, and
K, K, K; which said regulating bands cause the carriage to move in and
out on the slips C, parallel with the roller beam. All the foregoing description
of machinery and motions is well understood by spinners, is in general use, and
forms no part of my Invention, further explanation is therefore unnecessary;
but as some part is connected with my Invention, as I now work it, I think it
desirable to enter thus much into the particulars ofthe parts abovementioned.
Now, as the afore-mentioned squaring band pulleys G and H are turned by the
moving of the carriage, I make this subservient to put in motion my new con-
trivance in the following manner, namely,-I fix the squaring band pulley G
(supposed to be nearest the mule head) on an upright arbor or spindle L,which
revolves in a step, and which step I fix to the iron that carries the carriage
wheels, as seen at 3, Figure 2. I further fix on the same arbor bevil
wheel M, which works in another bevil wheel N; this said last wheel is fixed

page_text: at the end of a horizontal shaft O; at the other end of the said shaft I fix a
friction pulley P, working on a face plate Q. This face plate is fixed on an
upright shaft or spindle R. Also, running in a step on the same spindle, I fix
a pulley S, and this said pulley S is embraced by the drum bands J, J, J, J,
or is by other means so connected with the drums or rollers inside the carriage
which actuate the spindles that the turning of the pulley S will determine the
number of revolutions of the spindles. It will consequently be seen, that as the
carriage travels in towards the roller beam, which I shall hereafter also call
closing in,"
," the carriage moving over fifty-seven inches, the squaring band
pulleys G and H will, during such closing in, make about 1 revolutions
(supposing their circumference to be thirty inches each), and by means of the
machinery before described. The spindles being connected with the drums,
the drums with pulley S, that again through the face plate Q, and friction
pulley P, the bevil wheels M and N, and the squaring band pulley G, the
spindles will be driven a certain number of revolutions. I say that the
act of moving in, or closing in (as I call it), will cause the spindles to
revolve, and if the bevil wheel M has fifty-eight teeth, N thirty teeth, the
pulley P six inches diameter, working on such part of the face plate Q as
measures three inches diameter, and the pulley S ten inches diameter, the
drums also ten inches diameter, and the warves on the spindle seven-eights of
an inch diameter; then, and in such case, it will be found upon calculation,
and considering the diameters of the different bands, that the spindles will
make seventy-eight revolutions or thereabouts whilst the carriage closes in
(should it be found that it requires rather too much power for the carriage to
drive the afore-mentioned machinery by the act of going in, as it will be
recollected that by so going in the squaring band pulleys must turn, which
in this instance becomes a first mover, then the least assistance of the spinner,
by slightly moving the rim, will remove such difficulty. Any spinner will
easily understand this). Now, supposing that the said number of revolutions of
the spindles be what is required at the commencement of making the cop,
then the thread would be wound on properly during the first closing in, and
will appear upon the spindle, as seen on the first spindle from a to 6 in
Figure 4. If more or less revolutions of the spindles should be required,
which depends upon the thickness of the spindles, the diameter of the thread,
and the length the carriage comes out whilst spinning, commonly called "the
stretch," then the afore-mentioned wheels and pulleys must be varied accord-
ingly; but I will proceed upon the supposition that the said seventy-eight revo-
lutions are right at the first closing in. After the first closing in the speed of
the spindles is not to continue uniformly the same from the beginning to the

page_text: end of closing in, but at every succeeding going in of the carriage they are to
commence winding on at a lesser speed than at the preceding going in, and
gradually increase in speed till at the end of closing in the speed of the spindles
is again the same as at the end of the preceding closing in or thereabouts. I
say "orthereabouts," because it is desirable to increase the numberofrevolutions
of the spindles a little at the end of every succeeding going in, to make the
top have a fine point, which I shall hereafter explain. The reason of this
increase of speed during closing in is because on that part of the cop where
the winding on commences it gets thicker at every succeeding closing in; but
where the winding on ends (which is the point of the cop) it remains at about
the same thickness, and this said increase of thickness where the winding on
commences continues till what is called the "cop bottom " is made, which said
cop bottom is shaped like two cones united at their bases, as seen on the sixth
spindle, Figure 4, and is well understood by spinners. From the foregoing de-
scription it will readily be seen that if at the commencement of closing in
the friction pulley P works on, the face plate Q, not upon a diameter of three
inches, but upon a larger diameter, that then the spindles will make less number
of revolutions. And it will further be easily understood that if the said pulley
P does, during the closing in, traverse laterally on the face plate Q, from a
larger diameter than three inches, towards the centre, till it comes to the three
inches diameter, acting all the time upon the face plate, that under these
circumstances the spindles will revolve comparatively slow at first, and gra-
dually increase in speed to the end of closing in. If then at every commence-
ment of closing in the pulley Pcommenced working upon such part or diameter
of the face plate as the thickness of the top requires, and during the closing in.
traverses, till at the end of closing in it arrives again to where the face plate
Qmeasures three inches diameter, the spindles will be made to revolve with
such increase of speed as the winding of the yarn from the thickest to the
thinnest part of the cop required. To make this, appear still clearer, let us
suppose that in six goings in of the carriage the cop bottom be made: during
the first going in the thread is wound on the spindle, as from a to b,.Figure 4,
and we'll suppose that this requires seventy-eight, equal revolutions of the
spindles, which were produced by the friction pulley Pacting on such diameter
of the face plate as measures three inches during the whole time of the
closing in.
At the commencement of the second closing in the winding on
takes place higher, as from c to d, on the second spindle, Figure 4. Now, as the
yarn of the first winding on. caused, the spindle to be clothed therewith, the
winding on of the second going in consequently commences on a thicker part.
The spindles must, therefore, revolve at the commencement of closing in propor-

page_text: tionately slower, and pulley P must at that time.commence operating upon a
larger diameter of face plate Q, as at V, Figure 3; but the winding on of that
second closing in ending also higher on the spindle than where the first winding
on ended, namely,at d, and which is again on the bare spindle, it is evident that
at the ending of the second closing in the spindles must again revolve at the
same rate as at the ending of the first closing in, and which will be brought about
by pulley P being made to traverse on the face plate from V to T,—that is, from
such part of the diameter of Qas will cause the spindles to wind on properly at c,
to such lesser diameter of Q as will increase the speed of the spindles suffi-
ciently when winding on atd on the naked spindle. At the commencement of
the third closing in, the winding on again taking place higher, as from e to fon
the third spindle, Figure 4, and the part where the winding on commences
being thicker, having now two coatings of yarn, the friction pulley. P must
commence operating on Q again on a larger diameter, as at U, Figure 3, and
again traverse during closing in to the three inches diameter of Q, which is
at T. The cop now assumes more and more a conical shape from the largest
diameter to the point, as well by the increased coatings of yarns, or layers as.
they are usually called, as by the yarn, winding on closer at the thickest part
than towards the thinner parts at the cop. And be it here distinctly understood,
that I do not by this my Specification, and by virtue of the Patent to which this
Specification refers, claim to have found out anything new in the making of a
cop, except the manner of winding on, and which said winding on is generally
done by the spinner moving the rim. It is therefore unnecessary that I say more
of the making of a cop than that at every succeeding going in of the carriage.
the yarn is laid on a degree higher than before, and the thread is so conducted
as to form the shape of a cop. It is my new mode of causing the winding on
which I claim as of my Invention. Now, at the fourth closing in, the yarn will
be wound on as from g to h on the fourth spindle, Figure 4, and upon the same.
principle as before. The friction pulley P will have to traverse on Q, from W
to T. At the fifth closing in the winding on will take place as from i tok on the.
fifth spindle,' Figure 4, and pulley P will traverse from X to T. At the sixth
closing in the winding on will be from 1 tom on the sixth spindle, Figure 4, which
produces,as before stated, the cop bottom. During this last going in, P will have
to traverse on Q from Y to T. I repeat, that in order to make myself clearly.
understood, I have supposed that the cop bottom is made in six goings in, and
that the pulley P working on the diameter of face plate Q at Y (being about
seventeen and a half inches) will cause the spindles to revolve sufficiently slow
to wind on at the thickest part of the cop, and when working on diameter T,
(being three inches), the spindles to revolve sufficiently fast for winding on the

page_text: thinnest part of the cop, and which I find in the course of my practice to be
the case, cr thereabouts, namely, that about fourteen revolutions of the spindles
which are produced by pulley P, working upon face plate Q on a diameter of
about seventeen and a half inches, with the wheels and pulleys before men-
tioned, will properly wind on the thickest part of the cop, and 78 revolutions
by P, working on three inches diameter of Q, on the point of the cop and
bare spindles. But if, instead of six goings in to make the cop bottom, five
hundred goings in be required, then the variations of diameters of face plate Q,
or consecutive increased traverses of pulley P, must be 500 instead of 6; and
upon the same principle must the number of variations in the traverse of
friction pulley P be more or less, as the number of goings in of the carriage
may vary in the making of a cop bottom. To effect these said traverses of
pulley PI have the shaft O in two pieces; one has the bevil wheel N fixed
upon it at one end, and at the other end is formed a hollow tube of about
fifteen inches long, in which tube is a longitudinal slot. The other piece of
the shaft O has the friction pulley P fixed at one end, and the other end of
that piece is inserted in the afore-mentioned hollow tube, so as to be permitted
to slide freely in the tube. A pin fixed on that last-mentioned end pertruding
through the slot will cause both pieces to revolve together, when either of
them is set in motion without any hindrance to the sliding of one piece of the
shaft into the other, whereby that shaft can be contracted and elongated. This
will further be clearly understood by reference to the Drawings. I further
place between the carriage and the floor a strong bar Z, in the direction of
crossing the carriage, as seen in the Drawings, resting on and supported by
plates or framing, No. 1 and 2. A sliding box n is, by means of rollers, made
to move freely backwards and forwards along the bar; the said box carries
on its upper part a plate p, which swivels or moves on a short pin, which
said pin is fixed in the centre of the upper part of the said box n. The plate p
has also two forks q, 2, thorough which forks pass a part of that piece of the
shaft O, which has the friction pulley P fixed on it. Two outside collars 1,
on the shaft O, keep that part of the shaft O confined to the box n; so that
when the bar Z, and with it the box n, is moved laterally from right to left in
the direction of the arrow, the pulley P will of course be alienated from
the centre of the face plate Q, and one piece of the shaft O will slide into the
other piece as before mentioned, and the bar box and pulley will get to be in
the situation as shown by dots. The ends of the bar Z (which ought to be
round) I insert in a spiral cut groove of a drum t fixed on the floor in front of
the carriage, which said drum turns on its axis u, u, on one of which is a bevil
wheel w, of 42 teeth working in another bevil wheel of 21 teeth, which is fixed

page_text: on a shaft ; on the other end of that shaft is again a bevil wheel y of 42
teeth, worked by a pinion z of 21 teeth; this last wheel is fixed on a short
shaft A, which has also a ratchet wheel B of 10 teeth fixed on it. In the
carriage I hang a catch or click C, at such place and in such a direction that
as the carriage moves in, the afore-mentioned click acts upon one tooth of the
said ratchet wheel, and causes thereby the train of wheels just described to move
the drumtalittle, which, by means of its groove, moves the bar Za little distance
towards the left. I have further to state that the shaft O is borne at one end
by a fixed bearing D, and at the other end by a bearing E fixed on a lever F,
which said lever is atright angles with the shaft O, having its fulcrum, as at G,
fastened inside the front part of the carriage; and at the other end of the lever F
it is supported by a catch H, fixed to the back part of the carriage. Whilst the
carriage comes out and is spinning, and whilst the said catch so supports the
lever F, the friction pulley P is prevented from touching or working on the
face plate Q; but when the catch H is removed, the weight of the said lever,
aided by an adjustable weight I, fastened to that end of the lever, causes that
end, and with it the pulley P, to fall on the face plate Q, and operate whilst
the carriage goes in. The gravity with which the pulley is to fall, and to act
on the face plate, is to be so much as will be sufficient to prevent the pulley P
from slipping when in operation, which will easily be found by experience. I
found an additional weight of about three to four pounds enough when placed
on the lever, as seen in the Drawings.
Figure 5 shows the kind of catch I employ to support the said lever F,
and the dotted representation shows the position of the catch H, when removed
from under the lever F. The helical spring K impels it to the supporting
position when the lever is lifted up.
I will now describe the action of the foregoing machinery or mechanism,
which is as follows:-Before the commencement of making the cop, the
drum t is turned round till the bar Z is at right angles with the carriage, the
lever F being then supported by the catch H. The pulley P will then be over
the three inches diameter of the face plate Q. Now, at the moment when the
carriage is to move in, the catch H must be removed from under the lever F
by the pulling of a string, wire, or by a lever under and across the carriage, or
in
any other convenient way. The friction pulley P now falls and acts on the
face plate Q, by the act of the carriage going in and turning the squaring
band pulleys, as before described, and at about the end of closing in, a little
roller L, at the end of the lever F, ascends a short inclined plane M, fixed on
the floor for that purpose, as seen in Figure 1 and 2; and, by so ascending,
lifts the shaft O, and raises pulley P off the face plate. The spring K now

page_text: impels the catch H to come under the lever F, and support it again, as before.
Now observe, that in the course of this going in of the carriage, just before
mentioned, the click C moved a tooth of the ratchet wheel B, and thereby, and
by the train w, x, y, z, before described, brought the bar Z a little to the left,
in an oblique direction. At the moment when that took place, the sliding
box n caused of course the shaft O to contract a little, and to bring the
pulley P over a larger diameter of Q than it was before the commencement of
that going in. I say that the bar Z has now, by the moving of the ratchet
wheel Bat the last going in, assumed an oblique direction. The pulley P will
consequently at the next going in traverse laterally on face plate Qa distance
equal to the angle of obliquity, because, as before observed, when the carriage
commences going in or closing in, pulley P will be further from the centre of
the face plate Q than at the end of closing in, and during the going in approach
the centre, as seen in the dotted representation of these parts in Figure 1,and,
by so bringing in and out of operation pulley P, increasing the obliquity of
bar, also thereby increasing the traverse of P at every succeeding going in;
the full obliquity of %, and traverse of P will be accomplished at the time
when the finishing of the cop bottom is effected, as before described. The
dotted representation, just mentioned, is when the greatest traverse of P takes
place from the largest diameter of Q to the diameter of three inches. Now,
I have further to remark, that the degrees of the increase of traverse pulley P
on the face plate Q are not equal, but most at the commencement of making
the cop, and least towards its completion. The groove in the drum t must
therefore be formed accordingly; experience will best show the requisite pro-
gression, and which also depends much upon the kind of yarn spun, and
shape and thickness of the cop intended to be made; and should it be found
difficult to obtain a perfectly correct groove, then any little inaccuracy may be
compensated by the spinner turning the drum by hand one way, when he
finds the yarn is winding on too slack; and the contrary way, when too tight.
Instead of a drum, a cam, snail, or any other contrivance for moving the bar Z
laterally in its due proportions, may be applied. After the cop bottom is made,
the catch or click C is taken out of operation by a pin or otherwise, and the
traverse of the pulley P may continue the same at each closing in to the com-
pletion of the cop; yet to make a fine-pointed nose (as it is called), I find it
desirable to insert the farther end of the bar Z, namely, that end which is seen
at No. 2, Figure 1), in a sliding box O, moving in the framing No. 2, by means
of a screw and bevil gear P. As the carriage comes out, a click Q strikes the
ratchet wheel R, and causes the bevil pinion S, upon its axle, to turn the
bevil wheels and shaft T, and by the rotation of the nut to draw the screw and

page_text: its sliding box with the end of the bar Z towards the right hand, so that
pulley P gradually traverses into a smaller diameter of Q at every closing in.
By this means the number of revolutions of the spindles increases at every end
of closing in, and causes the nose of the cop to be pointed, as aforesaid. The
degrees of increase of the revolutions of the spindles depends so much upon the
shape of the cop, the length of the nose, and the thickness of the yarn, that no
precise number or calculation can be given; but experience points out, without
difficulty, whatcalculation of wheels in connection with the pitch of the threads
of the screw suits best. I have only further to observe, that the surfaces of the
face plate Q and pulley P may be of such matter as is best for adhesion, when
in operation. I have hitherto found it best to have the face plate Q covered
over with an even coating of fine ground emery, glued on, and the periphery
of pulley P covered with leather about 7/8 of an inch broad, coated over with
glutenous matter, such as dissolved rosin, mixed with tallow, treakle, and oil,
or other such like matter. The winding on of yarns in this my new invented
way causes the cops to be harder and heavier than in the usual way, and
requires less labour in accomplishing, which I consider to be great advantages;
and when applied to self-acting spinning machines, in which the winding on is
imperfect, the advantages are still greater.
Having thus by the foregoing Specification, and by the annexed Drawings,
clearly ascertained and described wherein my new Invention of improvements
consist, and the manner in which the same is to perform, I do hereby distinctly
declare, that I claim as my Invention the winding on in the manner described,
accompanied by Drawings, and which manner of winding on is produced
thorough certain mechanical motions. These said motions are produced by a
combination or system of machinery or mechanism. And I do further declare
that I do not consider that the said motions to produce the effect of winding
on agreeably to my Invention are to be produced alone by precisely the same
mechanism, as herein-before described, and the accompanying Drawings. But
I claim the sole right and privilege of employing that said mechanism, or any
other mechanism, by means of which the said mechanical motion for winding
on spindles can or may be effected.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maurice De Jongh, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven.
M. DE JONGH. (1.8.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of June, in the
year of our Lord, 1827 the aforesaid Maurice De Jongh came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One