IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING AND INEXHAUSTIBLE HYDRAULIC AND ATMOSPHERIC MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard, of Dublin, in the
Kingdom of Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING
AND INEXHAUSTIBLE HYDRAULIC AND ATMOSPHERIC MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Doran Proby
Maillard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th August 1861.
I, NICHOLAS DORAN PROBY MAILLARD, of Dublin, in the Kingdom of
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SELF-ACTING AND INEXHAUSTIBLE HYDRAULIC AND ATMOSPHERIC MOTIVE-
POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
By these improvements I obtain from the use of cold water or any other
fluid at its natural temperature, or from common atmospheric air, motive-power
engines, which are applicable to all the purposes for which steam engines are
now employed.
The first part of my Invention consists of two or more metal or other
cylinders or receivers, in which pistons are placed. These cylinders or
receivers are then filled or charged with water or any other fluid or air, and
these pistons, which are worked by long levers resting on suitable bearings,
are loaded with metal or other weights to give or produce the actual
mechanical pressure required to the square or circular inch of the working or
driving piston. One only of the receivers is charged with water, fluid, or air,
for which purpose its loaded piston is raised to its full height, and the piston
in the opposite receiver is let down to its lowest point, so that when the fluid
or air in the charged receiver is allowed to escape, the falling piston is made
by the aid of the lever of the rising piston to raise the piston in the opposite

page_text: receiver, thus causing one of these receivers to act as a force pump, and the
other as a suction pump, which they do alternately when the charge is forced
from one cylinder into the other by means or through suitable inlet and outlet
pipes or tubes. In these pipes or tubes, which connect the receivers with the
working cylinder, suitable valves, tap cocks, or sluice cocks are placed to
control the force exerted by the working piston or pistons, and to reverse the
movements of the engine. Through these tubes or pipes motion is given to
the working piston, which moves the crank or working shafts.
Secondly, to prevent the loaded pistons balancing themselves, I use two or
more auxiliary or monkey cylinders and pistons, which are worked by the
pressure from the charged receivers, or I use a semicircular pendulum, which
working from or on an eccentric brings at all times its greatest weight to bear
upon the lever of the rising piston in the receiver until the rising piston has
passed the line or point at which the loaded pistons would balance them-
selves. These pistons or pendulums are attached to the extreme ends of the
levers which lift the loaded pistons in the receivers, and as the charge of water,
other fluid, or air which passes through the working cylinder and small
inonkey cylinder is made to pass from one receiver to the other, the charge is
not exhausted, and loses only so much of its bulk as is lost by the absorption
and leakage incidental to all engines of the same nature. The first motion
from these engines is obtained by turning the tap cocks or sluice cocks in the
outlet pipe which connects the receivers with the working, cylinders, which
when set in motion are self-acting. When air is employed or used in these
engines, it may be compressed or used in its natural state.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard in the Great Seal Patent.
Office on the 8th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NICHOLAS
DORAN PROBY MAILLARD, of Dublin, in the Kingdom of Ireland, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard, Her special licence that I, the said Nicholas
Doran Proby Maillard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard, my executors, adminis-

page_text: trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING AND INEXHAUSTABLE HYDRAULIC
AND ATMOSPHERIC MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is
to say:-
My improvements consist in obtaining from or by the use of cold water or
any other suitable fluid at its natural temperature, or from common atmo-
spheric air, motive-power engines, which are applicable to all the purposes for
which steam engines, are now employed.
The first part of my Invention consists of two or more metal or other
cylinders or receivers, in which pistons are placed. These cylinders or
receivers are then filled or charged with water or other suitable fluid or air,
and these pistons, which are worked by long levers resting on suitable
bearings, are loaded with metal or other weights, to give or produce the
actual mechanical pressure required to the square or circular: inch of the
working or driving piston; one only of the receivers is charged with water or
other fluid or air, for which purpose its loaded piston is raised to its full
height by manual or other power, and the piston in the opposite receiver is let
down to its lowest point or level, so that when the water, other fluid, or air in
the charged receiver is allowed to pass from the charged receiver, and the
falling piston is made, by the aid of the lever of the rising piston, to raise the
piston in the opposite receiver, thus causing one of these receivers to act as a
force pump, and the other as a suction pump, which they do alternately when
the charge is forced from one receiver or cylinder into the other by means or
through suitable inlet and outlet pipes or tubes. In these pipes or tubes,
which connect the receivers with the working cylinder, suitable. valves,.

page_text: tap cocks, or sluice cocks are placed to control the force exerted by the
working piston or pistons, and to reverse the movements of the engine.
Through these tubes or pipes motion is given to the working piston, which
moves the crank or working shafts.
Secondly, to prevent the loaded pistons balancing themselves, I use two or
more auxiliary or monkey cylinders and pistons, which act as lifts, and are
worked by the pressure from the charged receivers; or I use a semicircular
pendulum, which worked from or on an excentric brings at all times its
greatest weight to bear upon the lever of the rising piston in the receiver until
the rising piston has passed the line or point at which the loaded pistons
would balance themselves. The pistons of the lifts or pendulums are attached
to the extreme ends of the levers, which lift the loaded pistons in the receivers
or pumps by chains and wheels or friction rollers, or by connecting rods or
other suitable means, and as the charge of water, other fluid, or air which
passes through the working cylinder and small monkey cylinders is made to
pass from one receiver to the other, the charge is not exhausted, but loses
only so much of its bulk as is caused by absorbtion, evaporation, or leakage
incidental to all motive-power engines. The first motion from these engines
is obtained by turning the tap cocks or sluice cocks in the outlet pipes which
connect the receivers with the working cylinder, which when set in motion are
what may be termed self-acting. When air is employed or used in these
engines, it may be compressed or used in its natural state.
Where space is an object or greater power is required, a small steam or
other motive-power engine, or ordinary water power, may be employed to
work the levers of my engines. by means of proper cranks and other suitable
mechanical arrangements for connecting my levers with the auxiliary power
which may be employed to increase the effective power of my engines.
Where I used the word "inexhaustible" in my title, it is to be distinctly
understood that I mean an engine which retains so much of its charge as is
not lost by absorbtion, evaporation, or leakage..
1.
When I used the word "self-acting." in my title, it is to be understood that
I only mean an engine which will continue to work so long as it retains its
charge and remains mechanically effective.
Figure 1 represents a front view of my engine. A, A, the cylinders or
pumps which work the driving or working cylinder B; the pipes C, C, C, C,
convey the water, other fluid, or air to and from the receivers or pumps to the
working cylinder; D, D, D, D, are the slide valves, which are connected by
the rods E, E, E, E, with the excentrics F, F, F, F, on the crank or working
shaft G. The pulley H on the crank shaft is meant for a driving belt or band,

page_text: and I is a loose pulley; J, J, are the monkey cylinders or lifts, which work
the levers K, K. The pistons used in the lifts J, J, are shewn by the dotted
lines, and when forced or driven upwards by the water, other fluid, or air from
the charged receiver or cylinder are made, by means of chains or connecting
rods, to raise the piston in the opposite cylinder, which acts as a suction pump
while its piston is rising. For the better illustration of this part of my engine
I refer to Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5, in which the lifts marked J and the levers
marked K are shewn with their connections when used singly or where two or
more are required to multiply power or raise the pistons in the cylinders A, A,
in Figure 1. I also use a T frame, with a beam similar to that of a weighing
scale, which is attached, as shewn by Figure 6, at one end of the piston of the
lift J, while the other end M is attached to the lever, so that when the piston
in the lift J is forced upwards, the end of the lever attached to the end of the
beam M is forced downward. The letters N, N, N, N, shew the guides for
the piston rods in the cylinders A, A, and lifts J, J, in Figure 1. The letters
O, O, show the wheels and uprights which carry the chain employed to raise
or draw down the levers used to work the pistons in the cylinders A, A. P, P,
are the guide and connecting rods by which the piston of the cylinder B are
connected with the shaft G. The letters Q, Q, Q, show the frame and table
of my engine, a side view of which is given in Figure 7; R, R, are the taps
or tap cocks, which are used to set the engine in motion and stop it or reverse
its action. The form of these taps R, R, is shewn in Figure 8. The
pipes S, S, which work the lifts J, J, will also be seen in Figure 9. A section
of the slide valves employed in my engine will be found in Figure 10. The
fulcrums on which the levers, both single and double, are worked will be seen
in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and are marked T.
Having described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is or may be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim
any of the parts taken separately; but that I claim as my Invention the com-
binations of parts, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Doran Proby Maillard, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
NICHOLAS DORAN PROBY MAILLARD. (L.S.)