IMPROVEMENTS IN of my COATING METALS
Year: 1859

page_text: In the Matter of a Patent granted to EDMUND MOREWOOD, of
Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
of my
COATING METALS," hearing date at Westminster, the 4th day of
April, 1859, No. 846.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be.
entered by the said Edmund Morewood, as such Patentec as afore-
said, pursuant to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the date of the said Letters Patent, and since the.
filing Complete Specification, I have discovered that the processes.
therein described so far as they relate to coating plates with zinc or
alloys of zinc are not of sufficient utility to support the claims as made.
in regard to that metal; and also that it is doubtful the claims made'
by me firstly and thirdly could be supported as being respectively the
proper subject-matter of the grant of Letters Patent; and, further, that'
the claim secondly made by me is too wide, and should be confined to
the use as described in my Specification, in consequence whereof' I, the
said Edmund Morewood, am desirous of disclaiming, and do hereby
disclaim and alter parts of the said Specification in such manner that
Λ

page_text: when disclaimed and altered the said Specification will read as
follows:-
"One object is to give a coating of molten tin, lead, and compounds
"of these metals to sheets or other suitable pieces of iron or copper by
passing them between rollers, the frame of which is so constructed
"that the jaws or opening through which the sheets or pieces of metal
pass between the rollers are or is immersed to a considerable depth
"below the surface of the molten metal. Every part of each plate thus
"travels through a considerable space under the surface of the molten
"metal. And I am further enabled by means of a bar or barrier
"stretching across or nearly across the pot, and descending to the
"depth of an inch or two into the molten metal (so shaped as to form
"an enclosed space on the side of the pot at which the sheets or pieces
"of metal enter), to cause such sheets or pieces of metal to pass in on
"the one side through one flux or kind of matter, and to pass out on
"the other, either through no flux at all or through some other matter
"than that through which they entered. On the side of the pot at which
"the plates enter I generally use salammoniac mixed with what I term
"old flux, (being the spent or waste flux which is taken off the surface
" of the molten zinc when coating iron with zinc, or with tin and zinc);
"on the exit side I generally use sand or whitening. Further, after
coating with molten metal, say, lead, tin, or their alloys, I cither
"clean by rubbing in sawdust or bran, or wash and dry the surface of
"the sheets or pieces of metal, or I give them an additional coating by
deposition from a solution of lead or tin."
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66
"
"
"My Invention consists in coating sheets, plates, or other suitable
pieces of iron or copper cleaned by the known modes by causing them
(whether such iron or copper have received a previous coating or not,
" to pass between a pair of rollers, the jaws or opening of such rollers
"between which the plates or pieces of metal pass being at a con-
"siderable depth below the surface of the melted coating metal. I
prefer to employ two pairs of rollers and guides according to parts of
"an Invention described by me in my Provisional Specification, dated
"the 3rd day of October 1859."
66
"In a previous Patent granted to me and my partner, George Rogers,
"we described a pair of rollers working in contact with molten metal
"to be used for coating metals, but such rollers have always been so
arranged that the plates or pieces of iron or copper passing between
"

page_text: 66
"them had only a comparatively short travel under the surface of the
"melted zinc, and in passing between them the metal to be coated
"either travelled more slowly that I consider well, or else came out
"with a coating more or less objectionable, being sometimes too heavily,
"sometimes roughly or unevenly, and sometimes imperfectly coated.
Further, when I use what I call the spent or waste flux, being that
"which from time to time is taken off from the surface of the melted
"zinc when salammoniac is used in coating iron or tinned iron with
" zinc, and which is in other words the spoiled or refuse salammoniac
"flux on one side of the bath, and whitening, sand, or other powdery
"matter on the other side, I consider it important that the sheet or
"other suitable piece of iron or copper to be coated should travel to
a considerable depth in order to free it from the waste or spent flux
or salammoniac before it is again brought up and out of the melted
"metal through the whitening, sand, or powdery matter from the exit
"side of the pot. And this part of my Invention consists in so
"arranging the frame and rollers that the sheets, plates, or other
"suitable pieces of iron or copper shall be made to travel to a greater
"extent downward under the surface of such molten metal as they are
"being coated with than heretofore."
"
"
"In coating with lead or tin or their alloys I prefer that the plates or
"suitable pieces of iron or copper have a travel of forty or fifty inclies
"under the surface of the melted metal, which includes the passage
"down to and through the nip of the rollers, as well as the ascent out
"of the metal; and in order to cause this I either so place a pair of
"rollers that in case of coating with lead or alloys containing 75 per
"cent. of lead that the jaws or opening shall be at least three and a
"half or four inches below the surface of the melted metal; and in
"
6
case of coating with tin or alloys thereof (except the alloys of tin and
"lead when they contain 75 per cent. of lead), then that the jaws or
openings between the rollers shall be at least 2 to 3 inches below
"the surface of the melted tin. But I prefer, especially in coating
large and comparatively thick sheets, that such opening should be
"twelve or sixteen inches below the surface of the melted tin or lead
or their alloys; and I prefer to use two or more pair of rollers so
placed as that the sheet or suitable piece of metal after leaving one
"pair shall travel into the pair immediately behind, as described in
my said Provisional Specification. I also consider it important, as

page_text: ""stated in my said Provisional Specification, when one kind of flux is
"used on the side of the melted metal at which the plates enter, and
cither another or no flux at all. on the exit side, that the rollers and
"frame be so arranged that no part of the pair of rollers between
." which the plates or suitable picces of metal pass when under the
"surface of the melted lead or tin or the alloys thereof shall be above
"the surface of the melted metal,"
"In carrying out this Invention I have found that in order to facilitate
"and to insure the plate entering with certainty and regularity into the
"openings between the rollers that guides by preference made of
"
wrought iron should be used, such as are described in my said Pro-
"visional Specification; one of which guides I call a front guide, which
" is so placed as to lead the sheets into the jaws of the lower front
rollers. The next I call the middle guide to conduct the plates from
"the front lower rollers to the back lower rollers. The other. I call the
"back guide to conduct the plates from the lower back rollers to such
point just below the surface of the melted coating metal on the exit
"side of the bath, as will be most convenient to the workman who
withdraws the sheets or plates therefrom as they emerge from the
"surface of the melted metal; or by preference I make the back guide
." extend so far as to conduct the sheets emerging from the melted
"metal into the jaws or opening of a pair of rollers outside the melted
metal, on the exit side of the bath of such melted metal, as shown
"in the Drawing. These outside rollers I term delivering rollers, and
"they pass the plates to a workman who stands behind or on one
"side to receive them, as described in my Provisional Specification
aforesaid, dated the 3rd day of October 1859, all which will more
fully appear on reference to the annexed Drawings."
66
"
66
6
66
66
оп
"A and B are a pair of rollers into which the plate is first conducted
hy the guide C. It is afterwards guided. to another pair of rollers D
and E by means of the middle guide F, thence by the guide G to the
delivering rollers H. J is the pot or vessel shewn in section con-
taining the melted metal with the rollers and frame. I would observe
that all the rollers of this machine are geared together, the motion
being communicated first from the driving wheel, then from one to
"the other by the wheels attached to their axles.. And I give to the
"second pair of rollers a slightly greater surface speed than to the first
pair; thus if the front pair be 34 inch diameter I make the second
"
$6

page_text: pair 3 inch diameter, causing each to make a complete revolution in
"the same time. In the modes here described I sometimes usc iron
"uncoated, sometimes having first received a slight coating by deposition
"from solution, preferring that of tin."
"
3
My Invention also consists in so dividing or separating one part of
the bath or vessel containing the melted lead or tin or their alloys
"from the other that the sheet or other piece of iron or copper to be
"coated may enter through a flux suitable for causing the surface of the
"iron or copper to be coated to take the coating of the melted metal
"into which it is immersed and to come out either through no flux
"at all or through some matter other than that through which it
"entered."
"Thus I find what I term old waste or spent flux (being that which
"is cleared off the surface as spoiled when salammoniac is used as a
"flux in coating iron with molten zinc) mixed with, say, one-fourth
part of salammoniac to be a very suitable flux to enable the plates to
"take a coating of lead or tin or alloys. But such flux clings to the
"surface of the coated articles as they pass through it into the melted
"metal and it gives sheets, plates, and other articles of iron or copper
a tendency to rust if they make their exit from the melted tin or lead
"or their alloys through such a flux. On the exit side of the division
"therefore I prefer to use powdered whiting when coating with tin or
lead or their alloys."
1
"I would observe that when coating with melted metal I consider it
"desirable to have a deep flux, say, 6 or 8 inches on the entrance side,
"in order to make the plates take the melted metal more rapidly, and
"to accomplish this I make the sides of the flux box to rise 10 or
"12 inches above the surface of the melted metal, and in shape it may.
"be an oblong box open at the top and bottom, the length of the flux
"box if rollers be used being the distance between the framings of the
"rollers or thereabouts, I make it of an inch thick wrought iron and
"firmly fixed to the bath or vessel containing the molten metal or clse
" to the framing of the rollers. If no rollers are used then I place a
piece of wrought iron 8 or 10 inches high; inch thick, as a division
"completely across the vessel so as to divide the surface of the molten
metal. I make the sides of such vessel to rise to the same height, say
8 or 10 inches above the surface of the melted metal, so as to form an
36

page_text: " enclosure for the flux on the entrance side, and if desired on the exit
"side also. K in the Drawing shows the flux box."
6
"I clean the sheets or pieces of metal after they have received their
"coating of molten metal, as tin, lead, or their alloys. In case the
"coating be of lead I sometimes free the surface from foreign matter by
"rubbing it with bran or sawdust, and sometimes I dip the iron or
copper coated with tin or lead or their alloys first into water at or
"above boiling heat and then transfer them to a running stream of
"cooler water, in which I further clean them and free them from flux
"and stains and afterwards dry them by any known modes. At other
"times I deposit a coating from solution of lead or tin as an additional
coating on the surface of the coating of lead or tin or their alloys
"which has been put on by dipping or immersion in molten metal."
"
"
in speaking
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best
"means I am acquainted with for performing the same, I would
"have it understood that throughout in this Specification of lead
or tin or their alloys I mean by alloys those consisting substantially
"of lead with tin; small quantities of other metal may be present
" without materially or injuriously affecting the quality of the metal or
"the alloy. Zinc, however, if present in any sensible quantity is
injurious, as it forms solid particles which float in the metal or alloy
"and adhere to and blemish the plates, and I do not confine myself to
the precise details as herein given, provided either part of my In-
"vention be retained; but what I claim is,-
"
"
Firstly. The use as herein-before described of a box or arrangement
"for dividing the surface of the melted lead and tin or alloys thereof so
"as to enable me to have one kind of flux on the side at which the said
plates or suitable pieces of iron or copper enter, and either another or
"no flux at all on the other side in a bath of such melted metal either
"with or without rollers."
"And I also claim the use of the said waste or spent flux as described
" in coating sheets or other pieces of iron or copper with molten lead or
"tin or their alloys."
"In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Morewood, have here-
"unto set my hand and scal, this Eleventh day of March, in
"the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
"nine"
EDMUND MOREWOOD. (L.S.)

page_text: To the Clerk of the Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Edmund
Morewood to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification
to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memo-
randum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Morewood, of Enfield, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Morewood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th April 1859.
I, EDMUND MOREWOOD, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS,"
to be as follows:-
One object is to give a coating of molten tin, lead, zinc, and compounds of
those metals, to sheets or other suitable pieces of iron or copper, by passing
them between rollers, the frame of which is so constructed that the jaws or
opening through which the sheets or pieces of metal pass between the rollers
are or is immersed to a considerable depth below the surface of the molten
metal. Every part of each plate thus travels through a considerable space
under the surface of the molten metal. And, further, I am enabled, by means
of a bar or barrier stretching across or nearly across the pot, and descending
to the depth of an inch or two into the molten metal (so shaped as to form an
enclosed space on the side of the pot at which the sheets or pieces of metal
enter), to cause such sheets or pieces of metal to pass in on the one side.

page_text: through one flux or kind of matter, and to pass out on the other, either
through no flux at all or through some other matter than that through which
they entered. On the side of the pot at which the plates enter I generally
use sal ammoniac, sometimes alone, sometimes mixed with what I term old
flux (being the spent or waste flux which is taken off the surface of the
molten zinc when coating iron with zinc or with tin and zinc); on the exit
side I generally use sand or whitening. Further after coating with molten
metal, sny load, zinc, or, tin, or their alloys, I either clean by rubbing in saw-
dust or bran, or wash and dry the surface of the sheets or pieces of metal, or
I give them an additional coating by deposition from a solution of tin
or lead.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edmund Morewood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
MOREWOOD, of Enfield, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edmund Morewood, Her special licence that I, the said Edmund
Morewood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Edmund Morewood, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edmund Morewood, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE; that I, the said Edmund Morewood, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
One object is to give a coating of molten tin, lead, zinc, and compounds of
these metals to sheets or other suitable pieces of iron or copper, by passing
them between rollers, the frame of which is so constructed that the jaws or
opening through which the sheets or pieces of metal pass between the rollers
are or is immersed to a considerable depth below the surface of the molten
metal. Every part of each plate thus travels through a considerable space
under the surface of the molten metal. And I am further enabled, by means
of a bar or barrier stretching across or nearly across the pot, and descending
to the depth of an inch or two into the molten metal (so shaped as to form an
enclosed space on the side of the pot at which the sheets or pieces of metal
enter,) to cause such sheets or pieces of metal to pass in on the one side
through one flux or kind of matter, and to pass out on the other, either
through no flux at all, or through some other matter than that through which
they entered. On the side of the pot at which the plates enter, I generally
use sal ammoniac, sometimes alone, sometimes mixed with what I term
old flux (being the spent or waste flux which is taken off the surface of
the molten zinc when coating iron with zinc or with tin and zinc); on the
exit side I generally use sand or whitening. Further, after coating with
molten metal, say, lead, tin, zinc, or their alloys, I either clean by rubbing
in sawdust or brau, or wash and dry the surface of the sheets or pieces of
metal, or I give them an additional coating, by deposition, from a solution of
lead or tin.
The first part of my Invention consists in coating sheets, plates, or other
suitable pieces of iron or copper, cleaned by the known modes, by causing
them, (whether such iron or copper have received a previous coating or not,
to pass between a pair of rollers, the jaws or opening of such rollers between
which the plates or pieces of metal pass being at a considerable depth below
the surface of the melted coating metal; but I prefer to employ two pairs of
rollers and guides, according to parts of an Invention described by me in my
Provisional Specification, dated the 3rd day of October 1859.
In a previous Patent granted to me and my partner, George Rogers, we
.described a pair of rollers working in contact with molten metal, to be used
for coating metals, but such rollers have always been so arranged that the
plates or pieces of iron or copper passing between them had only a com-
paratively short travel under the surface of the melted zinc, and in passing
between them, the metal to be coated either travelled more slowly than I
consider well, or clsc came out with a coating more or less objectionable,

page_text: being sometimes too heavily, sometimes roughly or unevenly, and sometimes
imperfectly coated. Further, when I use what I call the spent or waste flux,
being that which from time to time is taken off from the surface of the melted
zine when sal ammoniac is used in coating iron or tinned iron with zinc, and
which is, in other words, the spoiled or refuse sal ammoniac flux and sal
ammoniac, or either, on one side of the bath, and whitening, sand, or other
powdery matter on the other side. I consider it important that the sheet or
other suitable piece of iron or copper to be coated should travel to a con-
siderable depth, in order to free it from the waste or spent flux or sal
ammoniac before it is again brought up and out of the melted metal through
the whitening, sand, or powdery matter from the exit side of the pot. And
this part of my Invention consists in so arranging the frame and rollers that
the sheets, plates, or other suitable pieces of iron or copper shall be made to
travel to a greater extent downward under the surface of such molten metal
as they are being coated with than heretofore.
In coating with zinc, lead, or tin, or their alloys, I prefer that the plates
or suitable pieces of iron or copper have a travel of forty or fifty inches under
the surface of the molted metal, which includes the passage down to and
through the nip of the rollers, as well as the ascent out of the metal. And
in order to cause this, I either so placo a pair of rollers, that in case of
coating with molten zinc or its alloys, the jaws or opening through which the
plates or suitable pieces of metal pass between the rollers shall be at least
four and a half or five inches below the surface of the melted metal; and in
case of coating with lead or alloys containing 75 per cent. of lead, that the
jaws or opening shall be at least three and a half or four inches below the
surface of the melted metal; and in case of coating with tin or alloys thereof,
(except the alloys of tin and zinc, and except also the alloys of tin and lead
when they contain 75 per cent. of lead,) then that the jaws or openings between
the rollers shall be at least 24 to 8 inches below the surface of the melted
tin. But I prefer, especially in coating large and comparatively thick sheets,
that such opening should be twelve or sixteen inches below the surface of
the melted zinc, tin, or lead, or their alloys; and I prefer to use two or more
pair of rollers so placed as that the sheet or suitable piece of metal, after
leaving one pair shall travel into the pair immediately behind, as described in
my said Provisional Specification. I also consider important, as stated in
my said Provisional Specification, when one kind of flux is used on the side of
the melted metal at which the plates enter, and either another or no flux at
all on the exit side, that the rollers and frame be so arranged that no part of
the pair of rollers between which the plates or suitable pieces of metal pass

page_text: when under the surface of the melted zinc, lead, or tin, or the alloys thereof,
shall be above the surface of the melted metal.
In carrying out this Invention I have found that in order to facilitate and
to insure the plate entering with certainty and regularity into the openings
between the rollers, that guides, by preference made of wrought iron, should
be used, such as are described in my said Provisional Specification, one of
which guides I call a front guide, which is so placed as to lead the sheets
into the jaws of the lower front rollers. The next I call the middle guide to
conduct the plates from the front lower rollers to the back lower rollers, the
other I call the back guide, to conduct the plates from the lower back rollers
to such point just below the surface of the melted coating metal on the exit
side of the bath as will be most convenient to the workman who withdraws
the sheets or plates therefrom as they emerge from the surface of the melted
metal, or by preference I make the back guide extend so far as to conduct the
sheets emerging from the melted metal into the jaws or opening of a pair of
rollers outside the melted metal on the exit side of the bath of such melted
metal as shewn in the Drawing. These outside rollers I term delivering
rollers, and they pass the plates on to a workman who stands behind or on
one side to receive them as described in my Provisional Specification aforesaid,
dated the 3rd day of October 1859; all which will more fully appear on
reference to the annexed Drawings.
A and B are a pair of rollers into which the plate is first conducted by
the guide C. It is afterwards guided to another pair of rollers D and E,
by means of the middle guide F, thence by the guide G to the delivering
rollers H; J is the pot or vessel, shewn in section, containing the melted
metal, with the rollers and frame. I would observe that all the rollers of
this machine are geared together, the motion being communicated first
from the driving wheel, then from one to the other by the wheels attached to
their axles.
And I give to the second pair of rollers a slightly greater surface speed
than to the first pair. Thus, if the front pair be 34 inch diameter, I make
the second pair 34 inch diameter, causing each to make a complete revolution
in the same time.
In the modes here described I sometimes use iron uncoated, sometimes
having first received a slight coating by desposition from solution, preferring
that of tin.
The second part of my Invention consists in so dividing or separating one
part of the bath or vessel containing the melted lead or tin, or their alloys,.
except, with zinc from the other, that the sheet or other piece of iron or copper

page_text: to be coated may enter through a flux suitable for causing the surface of the
iron or copper to be coated to take the coating of the melted metal into
which it is immersed, and to come out either through no flux at all, or through
some matter other than that through which it entered.
Thus I find what I term old waste or spent flux (being that which is cleared
off the surface as spoiled when sal ammoniac is used as a flux in coating iron
with molten zinc) mixed with, say, one-fourth part of sal ammoniac, to be a
very suitable flux to enable the platos to take a coating of lead or tin, or
alloys other than with zinc. But such flux clings to the surface of the
coated articles as they pass through it into the melted metal, and it gives
sheets, plates, and other articles of iron or copper a tendency to rust if they
make their exit from the melted tin or lead, or their alloys, other than with
zinc through such a flux. On the exit side of the division therefore I prefer
to use powdered whiting when coating with tin or lead, or their alloys, other
than with zinc, but occasionally sal ammoniac alone, which does not cling so
much as the said waste or spent flux, though it has a strong rusting tendency
and ought to be cleared off the surface of the plate as quickly as possible.
In coating with melted zinc or alloys by means of rollers, I prefer sal
ammoniac on the one side, and fine sand or loam on the other.
I would observe that when coating with melted metal, I consider it desi-
rable to have a deep flux, say, 6 or 8 inches on the entrance side, in order to
make the plates take the melted metal more rapidly. And to accomplish this
I make the sides of the flux box, to rise 10 or 12 inches above the surface of
the melted metal, and in shape it may be an oblong box open at the top and
bottom, the length of the flux box if rollers be used, being the distance
between the framings of the rollers or thereabouts. I make it of an inch
thick wrought iron, and firmly fixed to the bath or vessel containing the molten
metal, or else to the framing of the rollers. If no rollers are used, then I
place a piece of wrought iron 8 or 10 inches high, inch thick, as a division
completely across the vessel so.as to divide the surface of the molten metal.
I make the sides of such vessel to rise to the same height, say, 8 or 10 inches
above the surface of the melted metal so as to form an inclosure for the flux
on the entrance side, and if desired on the exit side also. K, in the Drawing
shows the flux box.
The third part of my Invention relates to cleaning the sheets or pieces of
metal after they have received their coating of molten metal, as tin, lead,
zinc, or their alloys. In case the coating be of lead, I sometimes free the sur-
face from foreign matter by rubbing it with bran or sawdust. And sometimes
I dip the iron or copper coated with zinc, tin, or lead, or their alloys, first

page_text: into water at or above boiling heat, and then transfer them to a running
stream of cooler water, in which I further clean them, and free them from
flux and stains, and afterwards dry them by any known modes. At other
times I deposit a coating from solution of lead or tin, as an additional coating
on the surface of the coating of lead or tin, or their alloys (except zinc), which
has been put on by dipping or immersion in molten metal.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the best means I
am acquainted with for performing the same, I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details as herein given, provided either
part of my Invention be retained, but what I claim is,-
Firstly, the coating of sheets or other suitable surfaces of iron or copper by
causing them to pass between rollers (in the case of melted zinc or its alloys)
at a depth of not less than four and a half or five inches below the surface of
the melted zinc or its alloys. In the case of lead and alloys consisting of 75
per cent. or more of lead not less than three and a half or four inches. In the
case of tin and its alloys, except the alloys of tin and zinc, and also except the
alloys of tin and lead, if they contain 75 per cent. or more of lead, not less
than 2 to 3 inches.
Secondly, I claim the use of a box or arrangement for dividing the surface
of the melted lead and tin, or alloys thereof, except with zinc, so as to enablo
me to have one kind of flux on the side at which the said plates or suitable
pieces of iron or copper enter and either another or no flux at all on the other
side, in a bath of such melted metal either with or without rollers.
And also I claim the use of a dividing arrangement when I use sal
ammoniac on one side of a bath of melted zinc or its alloys for coating sheets
or suitable pieces of iron or copper, and on the other side sand or some other
matter, not being a flux, to protect the surface of the melted metal from
oxidation when working with rollers completely immersed in such melted
metal.
And I also claim the use of the said waste or spent flux, as described in
coating sheets or other pieces of iron or copper with molten lead or tin, or
their alloys, except their alloys with zinc, with or without the addition of sal
ammoniac, and either in connection with the aforesaid dividing box or arrange-
ment, or without it.
Thirdly, I claim the cleaning of the surface of iron or copper coated with
lead, as described, by rubbing the coating of lead in bran or sawdust; also, by
dipping the sheets or pieces of iron or copper leaded as described, or the
tinned or zinced sheets or wire, first, into water at or above the boiling point,

page_text: and afterwards transferring them to a running stream of cooler water to
further wash and clean them, and dry them by any of the known modes.
And also I claim to deposit a coating of lead or tin from solution on the
surface of the iron or copper coated with molten tin or lead, or their alloys.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Morewood, havo hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
EDMUND MOREWOOD. (L.B.)