Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 22nd Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Mar., 1887.
in Looms for Weaving.
We, JAMES INGHAM, Manager, WILLIAM SAGAR, Engineer, WILLIAM SIMPSON,
Overlooker, and NATHAN COATES, Weaving Master, all of Brierfield Mills, near
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention is designed to dispense with what are technically termed "boats,"
now used to produce the selvages of twilled or other fabrics; selvages thus produced
are very imperfect, that is to say, the side ends are not actuated in such order, as to
cause each side end or thread to intersect the weft thread alternately, under and over
in the manner required to form a proper plain selvage. We are perfectly aware that
plain edges have and may be produced with an index machine, such as the dobby or
jacquard; but by a simple inexpensive and durable arrangement of mechanism, it is our
object to produce such plain selvages, without subjecting the side ends to that excessive
strain and friction, to which they are now subject by the use of the boat," and which
is so destructive to the side healds.
::
It will be obvious, therefore, that fewer side ends or double threads will be required,
and greater durabilty of the side healds ensured on this improved system, than by that
of the boat, whilst the general appearance of the selvage will be much improved, and
a considerable saving in healds effected.
This improved means or apparatus may consist of two shafts or rods, which are
parallel with each other, and mounted horizontally in bearings, either above or below
the warp. The said shafts or rods are connected together by levers or toothed
quadrants, in such a manner, that when actuated by an eccentric on the tappet shaft,
or in any other like manner, such shafts or rods will, through the medium of a
connecting rod, reciprocate in opposite directions to each other, causing a similar
reciprocating or oscilatory movement to two sets of arms, secured respectively, one to
each shaft or rod. The healds or harness, through which the side ends pass, are
separate and independent from the rest of the healds, and are divided into two portions,
one portion being attached to one set of reciprocating arms, whilst the other portion
of the side healds are attached to the next set of arms, whereby an alternate up and

page_text: down movement is imparted to each half of the side threads. This arrangement of
apparatus is also applicable for weaving plain cloths, thereby dispensing with triddles,
triddle-heels, lambs, and grids.
The apparatus for actuating the side threads may also consist of a light shaft or
roller, to which a partial rotation in opposite directions alternately is imparted by an
eccentric, or other suitable means. One half of the side healds is attached by a cord to
one side of this shaft or roller, whilst the other half is connected in a similar manner
to the other side of such roller, the partial rotation which effects the elevation or
depression alternately of the side threads; or the apparatus may consist of a pair of
double armed levers mounted on a stud, fixed at the centre of the top-tree of the loom,
at one end of which is a pair of triddles. These triddles are actuated by a pair of
tappets and are connected respectively to each portion of the side heals, which are
tied by a cord to their respective arm at the side from which they are actuated.
The opposite arms are attached to their respective sido healds at the reverse side of
the loom. These healds are connected to two jack levers projecting inwards from the
front rail of the loom. These levers are weighted by a spring which draws down their
respective healds when allowed so to do by the tappets at the other side of the loom.
Dated this 5th day of October 1886.
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improved Means of or Apparatus for Actuating Healds or Harness
in Looms for Weaving.
We, JAMES INGHAM, Manager, WILLIAM SAGAR, Engineer, WILLIAM SIMPSON,
Overlooker, and NATHAN COATES, Weaving Master, all of Brierfield Mills, near
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for IMPROVED MEANS OF, OR APPARATUS FOR, ACTUATING HEALDS OR HARNESS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention is designed to dispense with what are technically termed "boats,"
now used to produce the selvages of twilled fabrics. Selvages thus produced are
very imperfect, that is to say, the side ends are not actuated in such order as to cause
each side end to intersect the weft thread, alternately, under and over in the manner
required to form a proper plain selvage.
The side healds, and the side ends or threads they actuate, receive considerable
strain and friction by the use of the boat; a defect which is avoided by our improved
system, whereby fewer side ends or double threads will be required to sustain the
sides of the fabric; whilst the general appearance of the selvage will be much
improved, and greater durability of the healds ensured. We are perfectly aware
that plain selvages have been produced in twilled fabrics, by the use of the jacquard,
the dobby, and the ordinary roller motion, through the medium of cumber-boards,
guide pulleys, or skeleton staves, the use of which by our improved method is
entirely dispensed with.
And in order that our invention may be properly understood, and readily carried
into practical effect, we have hereunto attached the accompanying sheet of drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon, the same letters
referring to the same parts in the various views and figures. Fig. 1, is an end
clevation, and Fig. 2 a plan, representing our improved means of, or apparatus for,
actuating healds or harness in looms for weaving. Figs. 3 and 4 are detached views
of an enlarged scale, shewing the construction of an adjustable eccentric, and parts
connected therewith employed to actuate, through the medium of a pair of parellel
rods, the particular position of the healds or harness hereinbefore mentioned.
A is the loom side; B the crank shaft; C the tappet shaft ; D the yarn roller; and
E the taking up roller. The parts enumerated are old and well understood and form
no part of our invention.
In carrying out our invention, we prefer the employment of two shafts or rods F
and G, mounted in bearings F' and G₁ (seen in Fig. 2) formed in the brackets H',
fixed to the loom top H. The short arms or levers I and J are secured, one to each
shaft or rod F and G, and are connected together by the stud K, to which is connected
link L, which slide upwards and downwards in the guide bracket P, seen in Fig. 1,
and having its lower end attached to clip V, embracing eccentric M, through the

page_text: medium of which the rods or shafts F and G are caused to reciprocate in opposite
directions to each other, imparting an alternate up and down movement at the
extremity of the arms N and O. These arms are preferably bent or cranked as seen
at A in Fig. 2, that the side healds R may be attached thereto in an even and uniform
manner, and may be depressed, upon the lowering of the arms N and O, by the elastic
cords S, to which the side healds are attached.
To increase or diminish the lift of the eccentric M its axes of revolution may be
varied or adjusted by its attachment to the separate bracket U, by the bolt T ; a hole
of oblong shape in the eccentric (as seen in Fig. 3) being provided to allow its eccen-
tricity to be varied.
In order that the bracket U may be readily attached to, or removed from, the
tappet shaft C, it is secured thereto in two parts by bolt Y, as seen in Fig. 4, so as
not to interfere with other parts of mechanism fixed to the tappet shaft.
We would here observe that the shafts or rods F and G may, if desired, be
actuated independently of each other, being each provided with an eccentric or
tappet for that purpose, at the end of the loom.
Another mode of actuating the side threads may consist of a light shaft or roller
of sufficient length, that one half of the side healds, on each side of the loom, may
be attached to one side of the shaft or roller, and the other half attached to the other
side of the shaft or roller, in a direct and perpendicular manner. This shaft or roller
is mounted in bearings, and similarly actuated, as the ordinary heald roller, to effect
the elevation and depression alternately of the side threads.
Another mode of actuating the side healds may consist of a pair of light two armed
levers or weigh beams, mounted upon a stud, midway their length, above the healds.
These levers or beams may be actuated by eccentrics or tappets, to cause an alternate
elevating or depressing movement to the side healds, attached in their respective order
at the extremities of the levers or weigh beams, in a direct and perpendicular manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :-
1. The employment of reciprocating shafts or rods having arms, to which the side
heald are attached, separately from the rest of the healds, substantially as shewn and
described.
2. The employment of a reciprocating roller, of sufficient length, that the side healds
may be attached on each side thereof, in a perpendicular manner.
3. The employment of a pair of two armed levers, or weigh beams, mounted upon
a stud, midway their length, to actuate the side healds, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
4. The employment of bracket U of two parts, and the method of increasing or
diminishing the lift of the eccentric, substantially as shewn and described.
Dated this 21st day of February 1887.
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent for the Applicants.