A New and Improved Method of Connecting Joints in Sanitary Earthenware and other Articles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
A New and Improved Method of Connecting Joints in Sanitary
Earthenware and other Articles.
ALFRED JOHNSON and FREDERICK GEORGE JOHNSON of the Firm of Messrs.
Johnson Bros. Trent Pottery Hanley Staffordshire Sanitary Potters, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A pipe, made of earthenware, zinc or any other desirable substance, having at
one of its ends or both, a specially constructed joint, which will be so formed in
manufacturing as to permit of its entering another suitable pipe. Also the appli-
cation of india rubber gutta percha, or any other substance having elastic properties
to the recessed joint A. in such a manner, and for the purpose of securing said
joints as hereinafter fully set forth & described.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings
A shews the recessed section of joint.
B shews the flanged section of joint.
C shews the section of india-rubber coil.
The method of securing said joint is as follows. An india-rubber coil, or any
other substance having elastic properties, is passed over the flanged end of the
recessed portion of joint A. Said joint is then telescoped into flanged portion of
joint B, which when forced into position compresses rubber coil, C, as shewn in
drawing and thereby effectually makes a secure joint.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New and Improved Method of Connecting Joints in Sanitary
Earthenware and other Articles.
We ALFRED JOHNSON and FREDERICK GEORGE JOHNSON both of 38 Queen
Anne Street, Stoke-on-Trent in the County of Staffordshire, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates more especially to sanitary joints between earthenware
pipes or between an earthenware and a metal pipe, but is applicable also to other
pipes.
Our improved joint consists of the usual two parts:-a projecting nozzle and a
recessed socket, but is not formed with the nozzle butting necessarily against a
ledge at the back-end of the socket, or against an india rubber washer placed
thereon; or with the front end of the socket butting against a shoulder or rim at
the back of the nozzle or against an india-rubber washer placed thereon, both of
which modes of forming a watertight joint are well known and in common use; and
both of which it should be especially noted require to be clamped or bolted together,
just as flanged pipes do to ensure the tightness of the joint. Moreover our
improved joint is not rigid and requires no clamping, but can be arranged to afford
a certain amount of play, which in many cases is of great importance. It is in
regard to these features of absence of clamping, with or without inobility while still
perfectly gas-tight that its superiority over other joints consists.

page_text: When arranged in a mobile form the pipes connected by it need not lie exactly
in the same line or plane. They need not be strong enough to bear the strain of
clamping together and they do not require to be of exact length necessary to exert
pressure on an elastic cushion at their extremities, that is to say butt tightly against
each other. This is an important advantage in sanitary work, as joints are often
unsealed through some swelling or shrinkage of the supports on which they are
laid, such alteration occurring after the joint is made, and causing displacement of
the pipes and fracture or defect of the joint. This displacement is especially
dangerous when an earthenware pipe is connected to a metal pipe as from its
inferior strength the earthenware pipe is easily broken. The play allowed by our
improved joint can be so utilised as to remove all danger from this source.
We will now describe the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which
Fig. 1, shows a section of a nozzle with ring, and a socket detached.
Fig. 2, shows a sectional elevation of one form of our joint in position, when play
is not specially desired.
Fig. 3. shows the joint arranged to act vertically, the interior of the socket and
the exterior surface of the nozzle being corrugated and a considerable amount of
play provided by the space between the nozzle and socket.
Fig. 4, shows a skew joint made on our plan. The play is here increased by
using a larger ring and socket.
a, is the packing ring which may be of india rubber or other elastic material and
of any required dimensions. We use it by preference round in section, because if
round it will turn over as the nozzle is inserted in the socket and facilitate its
entrance. Similarly if the socket is required to be withdrawn the revolution of the
ring allows this action to take place easily. The packing ring may however be of
half round or any other approved section. Moreover two or more rings may be
employed if desired.
b, is the nozzle or spigot, which may be straight as in Fig. 1, shouldered as in
Fig. 2, or tapered as in Fig. 3. Either of these may also be corrugated if desired.
is the socket. which may be made plain as in Fig. 1, shouldered as in Fig. 2, or
corrugated as in Fig. 3.
It is obvious that sockets are not essential as a straight pipe of sufficient diameter
to receive the nozzle and ring would also form a satisfactory joint, and might be
employed to connect two pipes of unequal diameters.
In the case of joints in vertical pipes or for other purposes, as for instance in
steam-ships where vibration may be expected, the mode of corrugating the adjacent
surfaces shown in Fig. 3, will prevent the ring slipping out of place even if the
surface of the pipes is greasy.
Or the nozzle can be tapered without being corrugated, and a flange or bead
formed at the end to prevent slipping. In vertical joints it may be best when
possible, to place the socket uppermost and the nozzle below, so that the ring in
slipping will become more tightly wedged. When the joint is made as in Fig. 2,
an india-rubber washer can be inserted between the abutting ends of the pipes to
allow for expansion and contraction. The method of use is obvious. The packing
ring is placed on the nozzle and both are then inserted in the socket. Care must
of course be taken to see that the ring is of sufficient diameter to ensure a proper
airtight joint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In a joint for sanitary or other pipes the use of annular elastic packing
preferentially of round or nearly round section; the said packing being unfastened
but wedged tightly upon the exterior of the nozzle or spigot, and between the walls
of the said nozzle and the socket of the pipe to be joined, as herein described and
set forth.

page_text: 2. In a joint for sanitary pipes and .like purposes the combination of nozzle
packing ring and socket, the said nozzle being tapered or not, and both nozzle and
socket being plain or corrugated, as herein described and set forth.
Dated this 20th day of December 1893.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, F.C., Agent for Applicants.