IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING LINEN THREAD FOR DYEING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING LINEN THREAD FOR DYEING."-A commu-
nication from abroad by Gustav Hainisch and Michael Hainisch,
both of Aue, near Schottwien, in the Empire of Austria, Cotton
Spinners.
Sealed the 24th September 1872, and dated the 11th April 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th April 1872.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING LINEN THREAD FOR DYEING," a
communication to me from abroad by Gustav Hainisch and Michael
Hainisch, both of Aue, near Schottwien, in the Empire of Austria,
Cotton Spinners, to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to the preparation of linen thread for dyeing,
whereby thread dyed by aniline color is made to present the brilliancy
of appearance of silk, for which it may be substituted. ….

page_text: The said preparation is effected by treating the linen thread with two
different mordants herein-after specified.
Mordant No. 1.-This consists of five hundred parts of water and
one part of tannin (the latter must be chemically pure).
Mordant No. 2.-This consists of thirty-two parts of water and one
part of pure glycerine mixed with albumen, by preference that obtained
from eggs.
After steeping the linen thread in each of these mordants for a period of
about ten minutes the dyeing process is commenced, which is conducted
in the usual manner adopted for aniline colors.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
. Office on the 11th October 1872.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Henry Johnson, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN PREPARING LINEN THREAD FOR DYEING," a communication to
me from abroad by Gustav Hainisch and Michael Hainisch, both of Aue,
near Schottwien, in the Empire of Austria, Cotton Spinners, upon the.
conditions (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand

page_text: and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
5 Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :—
:
The said Invention relates to the preliminary preparation or treatment
of linen thread for dyeing, whereby such linen thread when dyed by
means of aniline dyes or colors is made to present the brilliancy and
appearance of silk, for which in some cases it may be substituted.
After the linen thread has been bleached by means of chloride of
lime, or by any of the well-known bleaching processes, it is subjected
to thorough washing. After having washed the thread, the same is
subjected to the mordanting process, which is effected in the following
manner, and for which process the herein described mordants are
prepared as follows :―
Mordant No. I.-We take about five hundred parts by weight of
water and heat the same to boiling; we then dissolve in the water about
one part by weight of tannin which should be chemically pure, and we
then remove the vessel from the fire. We prefer to produce this mordant
in an earthenware vessel.
Mordant No. II.-We take glycerine, which should be chemically puro,
and which may be employed cold for this mordant. In this glycerine
we dissolve albumen, such for example, albumen from eggs, which is
most conveniently employed in a dried state, of which latter we take
such quantity as that the solution remains fluid. We then take about
five hundred parts by weight of cold water and mix the same with
about one part by weight of the above solution, videlicet, of albumen
and glycerine. The water should be well stirred and mixed with the
solution.
We thus obtain the first mordant which is composed of about 500 parts
by weight of water and of about one part by weight of tannin, and
the second mordant which is composed of about 500 parts by weight of
water and about one part by weight of glycerine containing albumen.

page_text: Having now described the manner in which we prepare the mordants
which we employ, we will now proceed to specify how we treat the
linen thread. The linen thread is first immersed in Mordant No. I. (the
liquid being still warm), and should remain in it for about one quarter of
an hour. The linen thread is then wrung out and is immersed in the t
(cold) Mordant No. II., where it should remain for about five minutes.
The linen thread is then wrung out again and brought back into
Mordant No. I. This alternate process should be repeated about three
times, so that the linen thread will be immersed three times in Mordant
No. I., and three times in Mordant No. II., and as the process has been
commenced with Mordant No. I. the Mordant No. II. will be the last
oné employed previous to dyeing. The linen thread is then wrung out,
after which it should be well washed in clean water and finally dried.
When very delicate colors are used we do not employ the Mordant
No. I. (Number One); as the red colors would receive a blue shade or 1
tint, we prefer to dye cold when red colors are employed.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. Employment of separate and alternate baths consisting of a
solution of tannin, and of a solution of glycerine and albumen for the
preliminary preparation or treatment of linen thread so as to render it
better adapted for dyeing by means of aniline dyes or colors.
2ndly. The employment of a mordant consisting of a solution of-
albumen in glycerine and water for the preliminary preparation or
treatment of linen thread, so as to render it better adapted for dyeing
by means of aniline dyes or colors.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of October
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.