Improvements in the Manufacture and Construction of Sash Pulleys and other Appliances in which Pulleys or Wheels are Mounted in a similar or analogous manner to Turn within Boxings or Frames.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL DI BUITIVATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Construction of Sash Pulleys
and other Appliances in which Pulleys or Wheels are Mounted
in a similar or analogous manner to Turn within Boxings or
Frames.
We,
HAROLD HOLCROFT, Ironfounder, and ALFRED HILL MOULD, Manager
of Ironfoundry, both of Ettingshall Foundry, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
:-
This invention refers to sash pulleys and other appliances in which pulleys or
wheels are mounted in a similar or analogous manner to turn within boxings or
frames, and more especially to such sash pulleys and other appliances which are of
the character of the appliances described in the Specification accompanying our
application for a Patent dated 16th July 1891 and numbered 12093, that is to say,
to sash pulleys and other appliances as aforesaid which have balls or rollers inter-
posed between their bearing surfaces; and has for its object to facilitate and
cheapen their manufacture and to improve their construction.
We will first describe the invention in its application to sash pulleys provided
with balls or rollers as aforesaid, when its application to other appliances in which
pulleys or wheels are mounted in a similar or analogous manner to turn within
boxings or frames, and which are provided with balls or rollers as aforesaid, will
be readily understood, being substantially the same.
In the case of a sash pulley which has the grooved wheel thereof formed in one
piece with, or fixed to, the axle (constituting the appliance an axle pulley") we
form a pair of circular caps or dishes having their edges formed to turn inwards to
act as bearings for the balls or rollers, and these caps together with the balls or
rollers are placed over the ends of the axle. The grooved wheel together with its
axle, and with the caps and balls or rollers around the ends of the axle, is placed
within a suitable mould and the boxing or frame is cast around the grooved wheel
and caps in such manner as to rigidly hold around, or form substantially or in effect
one piece of metal with, the caps. The caps may each be formed with a groove
therearound into which the fluid metal runs in casting the boxing or frame. The
caps may be cast, or may be formed in wrought metal by stamping; or may be
simply formed as sheet metal linings around and at the back or outside of which the
fluid metal will run and set.
In the case of a sash pulley which has the grooved wheel thereof mounted to
turn on a fixed axle (constituting it a "frame pulley "), the axle and rollers or balls
are put in place within the grooved wheel, and caps, formed by casting stamping or
as simple linings, are put on over the ends of the axle, being fitted thereon so that
the axle cannot turn in relation to them (or one of the caps may be forined in one
piece with the axle), and the boxing or frame is then formed by casting in the
manner above described, the caps being thereby held rigidly within the boxing
or frame; or the caps may themselves be cast in one piece with the boxing or frame,
instead of being placed separately over the ends of the axle.
In the above description it has been convenient to describe the caps independently
of the boxings or frames; but such caps form, of course, ultimately parts of the
boxings or frames.
The invention is applicable also, as will be readily understood, to sash pulleys and
other appliances as aforesaid which are not provided with balls or rollers. In the case
of an “axle pulley "the caps are made an easy fit around the ends of the axle ;

page_text: and in the case of a "frame pulley" the application is the same as when the balls or
rollers are used.
Dated this and day of Amil 1000
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Construction of Sash Pulleys
and other Appliances in which Pulleys or Wheels are Mounted
in a similar or analogous manner to Turn within Boxings or
Frames.
We, HAROLD HOLCROFT, Ironfounder, and ALFRED HILL MOULD, Manager
of Ironfoundry, both of Ettingshall Foundry, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention refers to sash pulleys and other appliances, such as rollers used
for sliding doors, in which pulleys or wheels are mounted in a similar or analogous
manner to turn within boxings or frames, and more especially to such sash pulleys
and other appliances as aforesaid which are of the character of those described in
the Specification filed under our application for a Patent dated 16th July 1891 and
numbered 12,093, that is to say, to sash pulleys and other appliances as aforesaid
which have balls or rollers interposed between their bearing surfaces; and has for
its object to facilitate and cheapen their manufacture, and to improve their
construction.
We will first describe the invention in its application to sash pulleys provided
with balls or rollers as aforesaid, when its application to other appliances in which
pulleys or wheels are mounted in a similar or analogous manner to turn within
boxings or frames, and which are provided with balls or rollers as aforesaid, will be
readily understood, being substantially the same.
In the case of a sash pulley which has the grooved wheel thereof formed in one
piece with, or fixed to, the axle (constituting the appliance an "axle "pulley), we
form a pair of circular caps or dishes having their edges formed to turn inwards to
act as bearings for the halls or rollers, and these caps together with the balls or
rollers are placed ever the ends of the axle. The grooved wheel and axle, and the
caps and balls or rollers in position around the ends of the axle, are held in a coré
which is placed within a suitable mould and the boxing or frame is cast around the
grooved wheel, and also around the caps in such manner as to rigidly hold around,
or form substantially or in effect one piece of metal with, the caps. The caps may
each be formed with a groove therearound into which the fluid metal runs in casting
the boxing or frame. The caps may be cast, or may be formed in wrought metal
by stamping and turning; or may be simply formed as sheet metal linings around
and at the back or outside of which the fluid metal will run and set.
The application of the invention to an axle pulley is illustrated, by way of
example, by Figures 1 to 4 inclusive of the drawings herewith, of which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the axle pulley, and
Figure 2 a section taken on line x of Figure 1.
Figure 3 a secton through the centre of the core which is used to core out the
interior of the frame, and which carries also the grooved wheel, friction balls, and
caps; and
Figure 4 is a section through the centre of the box in which such core is rammed
up and prepared, and shews the grooved wheel hells and none in eaner nooition

page_text: ection by Figure 5 of the drawings accompanying the Specification filed under
ur said application No. 12093 of 1891, but instead of forming the portions K (so
ettered on the drawings herewith only) of the cheeks B in which the cavities A
occur by casting them together with the remaining portions of the cheeks, such
portions K are formed as caps and are placed, together with the grooved wheel D
and balls a, within the mould previously to the metal being poured thereinto for
casting the frame; and the moulten metal for the frame when poured into the
mould flows around the caps K, and, when the metal has set, securely fixes them
in position within the frame. To enable the metal of the frame to securely key
itself around the caps, the caps may be conveniently formed each with a groove k
therea round into which the molten metal runs, and this when set securely locks the
caps and frame together, such caps becoming indeed portions of the boxing or
frame although not cast in one piece therewith. The pattern for the mould is of
the ordinary character, and will be readily understood. The core, which is shewn
in section by Figure 3, is rammed up in the box shewn in section by Figure 4. In
this latter figure the core-box proper consists of two portions L L' which are divided
from one another horizontally midway between the top of one and the bottom of
the other, as shewn by the line l. The outer face of each part L L' is rebated to
receive a plate M. Each plate M has a central portion N which is recessed in its
inner face to receive the outer portion of one of the caps K and hold it in place
The inner edge m of each portion M projects
while the core is being rammed up.
slightly within the face of the box part L or L' to form an annular recess n in the
face of the core (see Figure 3); and each plate M has openings or perforations p
through which the sand can be passed into the box and rammed up therein. The
core can be readily finished off true on each side, after it has been rammed up, by
turning the plates M axially; and for this purpose they are of course made round
to fit into circular rebates in the box parts L L'; and they are preferably also
made with rounded milled edges which project beyond the box parts for con-
venience in grasping and turning them. The core is removed from the box by
first removing the plates M and then parting the box parts L L¹. The core, as it
leaves the box shewn by Figure 4 ready for insertion within the mould, is shewn
by Figure 3 in which the sand of the core is shewn by broken section lines,
Figure 3 may also be regarded as a section taken on line y y of Figure 1, looking
in the direction of the arrow r, the broken lines representing in such case the
5 outside of the boxing or frame and the sand being supposed to have been removed.
The recesses n are formed in the opposite faces of the core in order that the metal
may run somewhat thicker where it is immediately around the caps K than
in the other portions, to avoid the too rapid chilling of the metal around such caps.
It is preferred to form each cap with an exterior ring or rim s around its inner end,
0 to enable it the better to hold within the core.
The metal of the frame may, if desired, be cast at the angles t¹ (Figure 1), which
the caps make with the fore end E, to a thickness to bring it flush with the outer
appearance.
faces of the caps K, for the sake of neatness of
As will be readily seen, without need for special illustration, the invention may
15 be applied in substantially the same manner as described in the last preceding
paragraph, to the case of an axle pulley having friction rollers instead of friction
balls, such as the axle pulley shewn by Figure 6 of the drawings accompanying
our said Specification.
In the case of a sash pulley which has the grooved wheel thereof mounted to
"frame" pulley) the axle and balls or rollers
50 turn on a fixed axle (constituting it a
are put in place within the grooved wheel, and caps, formed by casting or other-
wise, are put on over the ends of the axle, being fitted thereon so that the axle
cannot turn in relation to them (or one of the caps may be formed in one piece
with the axle), and the boxing or frame is then formed by casting in the manner
55.above described, the caps being thereby held rigidly within the boxing or frame;
or the caps may themselves be cast in one piece with the boxing or frame, instead
of being placed separately over the ends of the axle.

page_text: The application of the invention to the manufacture and construction of a frame
pulley, fitted with anti-friction balls, is illustrated, by way of example, by Figures 5,
6 and 7, which correspond, respectively, to Figures 2, 3 and 4, before described.
Figure 5 illustrates a frame pulley fitted with anti-friction balls in the manner of
the pulley shewn by Figure 9 of the drawings accompanying our Specification
aforesaid; but the invention is equally applicable, as will be readily understood, to
a pulley fitted with a single ring of balls as shewn by Figure 8 of such drawings,
or to a frame pulley fitted with rollers in lieu of balls. such as in the case of the
door roller illustrated by Figures, 10 and 11 of such drawings.
One of the caps Kis shewn as formed in a separate piece from the axle C, and
the other cap K as formed (by casting or otherwise) in one piece therewith. The
balls a and wheel D are put around the axle, and the cap K is then secured to the
end thereof by a rivet or screw t. These parts are then placed in the core-box
shewn by Figure 7, which corresponds to the box shewn by Figure 4, and the core
is rammed up and prepared in the manner of the core which has been described as
rammed up in such latter box. In this case, it is preferred not to form a recess in
each face of the core, such as the recess n Figure 3, as the nave or boss of the
wheel is of a diameter which leaves but little space between itself and the rim for
the caps to project into; and besides there is no purpose in the caps so projecting
in this arrangement. The portions of the boxing or frame which are immediately
around the caps are of sufficient thickness to ensure that the molten metal as it
runs around the caps will not chill too rapidly. If both the caps are made
separately from the axle, as they may be, they are held to the axle by means of a
pair of rivets or screws, such as t, or by a single rivet or screw passing through
them both and longitudinally through the axle. If a screw is used to hold the
cap K to the axle while the core is rammed up, or if a single screw or a pair of
screws is used to hold both the caps to the axle during such operation, such screw
or screws may be removed, if desired, when the core has been removed from the
core box.
When both caps are cast or formed separately from the axle, one end of the
axle and the corresponding cap should be shaped so that the axle will not turn
within the cap, or in such case one or each cap may be held rigidly to the axle by
a rivet or screw.
In the above description it has been generally convenient to describe the caps
independently of the boxings or frames, but (as already indicated) such caps form,
of course, ultimately parts of the boxings or frames.
The invention is applicable also, as will be readily understood, to sash pulleys
and other appliances as aforesaid which are not provided with antifriction balls or
rollers. In the case of an "axle" pulley, or other appliance as aforesaid in which
the wheel is formed with or fixed to the axle, the caps are made separately from
the other portions of the boxing or frame and are an easy fit around the ends of the
axle; and in the case of a "frame" pulley or other appliance as aforesaid in
which the wheel turns on a fixed axle, the application is the same as when the
balls or rollers are used. In the latter case also, as in the case of the frame
pulley fitted with balls or rollers, the caps may be cast together with the boxing
or frame, a distinct advantage resulting, even when this is done, as compared
with the usual manner of making frame pulleys as what are known as
pulleys, inasmuch as it enables the maker to use a turned axle, or otherwise to
ensure that the axle will be solid and cylindrical in shape.
Sash pulleys constructed according to this invention, in any manner above
described, are what are known as
manner the axle is mounted; and the other such appliances as aforesaid made
pulleys, as they do not shew in what
in the same manner are of course of the same character in such respect.
"
secret
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"
The caps may, however, be formed separately from the other portions of the
frames as described, and be subsequently fixed thereto by screws, rivets, or in
other convenient manner, but it will usually be found more convenient to cast
the frames around them.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim in respect of sash pulleys and other appliances, such as rollers
used for sliding doors, in which pulleys or wheels are mounted in a similar or
analogous manner to turn within boxings or frames, is :—
1. In the manufacture thereof, forming caps to receive the ends of the axles,
and also, in the case of "axle" pulleys or appliances in which the wheels are
rigid with their axles, the anti-friction balls or rollers therearound when such
are used, separately from the remaining portions of the boxings or frames, and
casting such portions around the caps, or fixing such caps by screws or otherwise
to such portions of the boxings or frames already formed separately therefrom,
substantially as described.
2. In the manufacture thereof, forming caps to receive the ends of the axles
and also, in the case of axle pulleys or appliances in which the wheels are rigid
with their axles, the anti-friction balls or rollers therearound when such are used,
separately from the remaining portions of the boxings or frames, and casting
such portions around the caps, said caps being formed with grooves around their
peripheries into which the metal of the remaining portions of the boxings or
frames enters and securely interlocks such caps and remaining portions of the
frames or boxings, substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture thereof in the form of "axle" pulleys or appliances in
which the wheels are rigid with their axles, forming caps to receive the ends of
the axles and also the anti-friction balls or rollers therearound when such are used,
separately from the remaining portions of the boxings or frames, and carrying
each grooved wheel, axle, anti-friction balls or rollers therefor when such are
employed, and pair of caps, in a core which is used for coring out the interior of
a boxing or frame, substantially as described.
4. In the manufacture thereof in the form of "frame" pulleys or appliances in
which the wheels are mounted to turn loosely on their axles, forming each axle
separately from its boxing or frame and with a head or cap on one end thereof, and
forming a cap separately from the boxing or frame to receive the other end of such
axle, and then casting the remaining portion of the boxing or frame around such
caps, substantially as described; or fixing such caps, as described, by screws or
otherwise to such portion which has been previously formed.
5. In the manufacture thereof in the form of "frame" pulleys or appliances in
which the wheels are mounted to turn loosely on their axles, forming the axles
separately from the boxings or frames and casting caps together with the boxings
or frames and around the ends of the axles, substantially as described.
6. The construction thereof, of which the main feature consists in the means by
which caps, formed separately from the boxings or frames, are held therein or
thereto, substantially as described.
Dated the 2nd day of January 1893
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.