AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING AND CON- STRUCTING WHEELS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO CARRIAGES
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PEARSE, of Tavistock, in the County of Devon, Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the
Fourth did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of August, in the first year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said John Pearse, His especial licence,
that I, the said John Pearse, my executors, adññiors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said John Pearse, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MAKING AND CON-
STRUCTING WHEELS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO CARRIAGES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Pearse,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Pearse, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be perfornied, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
lescription thereof (that is to say):-

page_text: Fig. 1 is a front view of a carriage wheel, and Fig. 2 a section through the
centre of it, with the arm within the nave. The rim of the wheel is com-
posed of two iron rings A and B, the inner ring A having holes made
through it in a direction pointing to the centre of the wheel, but each alter-
nately diverging sideways, so that the iron cylindrical rods C, C, C, which
form the the spokes of the wheel may reach alternately to each end of the
nave D, as shewn in Fig. 2. The radial holes in the inner ring A are widened
outwardly, and the outer ends of the metal rods C, C, C, are thickened pro-
portionately so as to fit and fill those holes, and they are kept in their places
and prevented from passing outwardly by the outer ring B which surrounds
them, and which is accurately fitted to the internal ring A, and is secured
thereto by the screws E, E, E, E, shewn in Fig. 1, and two of which are
also seen in Fig. 2; these two rings, A and B, thus forming the rim or felloe
of the wheel. The inner ends of the rods or spokes C, C, C, are screwed in
order to receive the screwed nuts F, F, upon them, after being passed through
holes made in the hoops G, G, and the nave, as shewn in Fig. 2. The nave D
is formed of wood bound at each end by the iron hoops G, G, Fig. 2, and
G, Fig. 1, with holes in them for the rods C, C, C, to pass through, and is
nearly closed at its inner end by the iron plate H, shewn in Fig. 2, and
separately in Fig. 3, its outer end being covered with the metal cap I, Fig. 2,
which is shewn separately in Fig. 4. The plate H and the cap I being
bound in their places by the two screws J, J, Fig. 2, which have heads with
slits across them to turn them by, and which screws pass through the holes
K, K, made in the plate H, Fig. 3, and also through other holes bored
through the nave D, and their screwed ends fit into screwed holes L, L,
formed in thickened parts of the inside of the metal cap I, as shown in Fig. 4,
and in the section Fig. 2, the cap I also being fitted upon the external part
of the nave beyond one of the hoops G, and the plate H lying with the other
hoop G, as shewn in Fig. 2. The iron, brass, or gun-metal box M, shewn in
section in Fig. 2, and separately in Figs. 5 and 6, is likewise imbedded in the
centre of the nave, its four wings N, N, N, N, being let into grooves formed
to receive them therein, and which are afterwards to be closed at each end
by the wedges which secure the box in the nave. The metal in the centre of
the box is removed, so as to form one of the receptacles for the oil with which
the wheel and arm is to be lubricated, and which oil is to be poured in
through a hole O, Fig. 2, formed in a metal socket let into the middle of the
nave, and afterwards closed by a screw fitted to it. Cavities for oil are like-
wise provided at the inner end of the nave and within the cap I, as shewn in

page_text: Fig. 2. J, Fig. 7, is one of the two screews which bind the plate H and cap I
together, in and upon the nave as above described, shewn separately. P, in
Fig. 2, is, one end of the iron axletree, having two wings, Q, Q, with holes for
screws to pass through firmly affixed to it, by which to attach it to the frame
of a carriage. The ends of the axletree are made hollow and cylindrical, in
order to receive within their cavities the two cylindrical iron or steel arms,
upon which the wheels turn. One of these arms R is shewn in its place
within the section of the nave D, in Fig. 2, and also in the section of part of
the axletree P, shewn separately in Fig. 8. And the arm R itself is shewn sepa-
rately in Fig. 9, in which Figure is shewn a longitudinal groove T, made in
the under side of it, in order to receive into it a pin U shewn in the end view,
Fig. 10, which is affixed in the end of the axletree, as shewn in Fig. 8, and
the use of which said groove T and pin U is to prevent the arm R from
turning round within the cylindrical cavity formed to receive it within the
axletree. The external part or head V is formed upon it to confine the wheel
in its place thereon at that end of it, the other end being kept in its place
by the central conical hole W of the plate H being accurately fitted upon
the conical end X of the axletree, as shewn in Fig. 2. The exact position
of the arm R within the axletree P is determined by the screw Y, which
is passed through a hole formed to receive it in the axletree P, as shewn in
the section Fig::8; and screwing into a screwed holo made in the arm:R, the
head of the screw Y being made square. And in order to prevent it from
becoming unscrewed, a bent iron bar Z, shewn separately in Figs. 11 and 12,
and having a square hole in its centre accurately fitted to the square head of
the screw Y, is bound upon the axletree by means of two other screws a, a,
as shewn in Figs. 2 and 10, which are passed through holes made to receive
them in the bent bar Z, and screw into the screwed holes b, b, shewn in
Fig. 18, and thus the screw Y is effectually prevented from becoming un-
screwed by the shaking of the carriage or otherwise. In order to embellish
these carriage wheels, I intend occasionally to cover the iron rods or spokes
with brass or other metals.
I do not mean or intend hereby to claim, as my Invention, the connecting
of the rims or felloes of carriage wheels with their naves by means of iron
rods generally, but only when the naves are constructed of wood and metal
combined in the manner herein shewn and described. I do, however, mean
and intend hereby to claim as my Invention the manner of constructing the
naves of wood and metals, as herein shewn, and likewise the manner of
forming the axletrees and boxes, and fitting the arms into them, and the

page_text: mode of preventing the screw Y from becoming unscrewed in the manner
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pearse, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-one.