IMPROVEMENTS IN TURN WREST PLOUGHS, APPLICABLE TO SINGED Dunnow Down Dun AND TH Try " SINGLE FURROW, DOUBLE Funnow, AND TRIPLE TURN WREST PLOUGHS."
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jolin Huxtable, of Brayford, in the County of
Devon, Agricultural Machinist and Implement Maker, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURN WREST PLOUGHS, APPLICABLE TO
SINGED Dunnow Down Dun
AND TH Try
"
SINGLE FURROW, DOUBLE Funnow, AND TRIPLE TURN WREST PLOUGHS."
وو

page_text: of double furrow turn wrest ploughs having two sets of ploughing tools
mounted on two separate beams, in such manner that either of such sets
can by turning the plough upside down be brought into working position,
so that while the plough is at work it may turn the furrows in the same
direction, thus constituting a double furrow turn wrest plough..
It must be distinctly understood that my Invention relates to turn
wrest ploughs that are turned upside down at the headlands for the
purpose before named.
The first part of my said Invention relates to the draught part of the
plough, which is such that it can be made to draw either to land or
furrow independently, that is, if the plough should draw too much to
land on the right side it can be made to draw straight without effecting
the draught on the left side, and without any alteration by the plough-
man at the headlands after being once fixed. This is accomplished by
having a peculiar draught part to the plough consisting of a bar of any
desired length passing longitudinally between the beams carrying the
ploughing tools, and also through the slot traverse picces connecting the
beams together; the front traverse piece is fitted with a slide and bolt,
by which means the front end of the draught part can be altered to
make the plough draw more or less to land, the round or other shaped
bar or draught passes through the aperture made therein, the front part
of the said draught part is turned up or curved, so as to bring it at such
a distance from the ground as to produce a sufficient depression of share
point; at the extreme end of draught part there is a cross piece, and the
said cross piece is fitted with a slide or mortice piece, and kept in any
desired position on the said cross piece by means of a set screw or screws.
At the hinder end of the said bar or draught part the handles are
attached, and at the headlands are rotatory reversed after throwing the
plough on its side, the handles and draught part together are then
unlocked from the traverse pieces by means of a lever suitable for the
purpose, they are drawn back to be unlocked by means of the lever
before mentioned; the locking pieces can be fitted with set screws to
make them firm after being worn. It is by means of the cross piece in
front and the mortice or slide with a set screw or screws to keep it in
any desired position, and turning the handles. half way round at the
headlands that an independent side draught is obtained. The handles
and draught part are again locked by means of a spiral spring.

page_text: Another part of this Invention relates to the method hereafter
described of applying the front and hind furrow wheels which remain
fixed while at work, and also when turning the plough at the headlands.
This is effected by using large furrow wheels, the centre part of such
furrow wheels being the same height as the beams, so that one-half of
such furrow wheels are above the beam and the other half in the furrow
underneath, and when the plough is turned upside down they answer
the same purpose without being hinged or jointed in any way; this is a
decided advantage as hinged or jointed furrow wheels have a tendency
to wear and get slack; the front wheel can be adjusted to its various
requirements by means of a slotted T piece on the fore part of front beam,
and a clip passing on over the end of same and kept in place by means
of screw or screws. The land wheels on which the plough rests while
turning at the headlands are fixed to one bar, one at each end of such
bar; a mortice piece is fixed to the side of beam through which the bar,
on which the land wheels are fixed slide through; two mortice pieces
with set screws are also put on the bar carrying the land wheels, and
when the plough is put in working position the bar that carries the
wheels slides through the mortice hole as the plough enters work, the
ground pushes the bar upwards until it comes to the clip or mortice
piece with a set screw or screws which regulates the depth to be
ploughed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Huxtable in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HUXTABLE, of Brayford, in the County of Devon, Agricultural Machinist
and Implement Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
O Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Huxtable,. Her special licence

page_text: that I, the said John Huxtable, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Huxtable, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should; at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TURN WREST PLOUGHS, APPLICABLE TO SINGLE. FURROW, DOUBLE FURROW, AND
TRIPLE TURN WREST PLOUGHS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Huxtable, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Huxtable, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The primary object of my said Invention is the construction of a
double furrow turn wrest plough, having two sets of ploughing tools
mounted on two separate beams (that is, two sets on each beam), in such
a manner that either of such sets can by turning the plough upside
down be brought into working position, so that while the plough is at
work it may throw the furrows always in the same direction, thus con-
stituting a double furrow turn wrest or one-way plough.
My said Invention is also applicable to single furrow and triple furrow
turn wrest ploughs, as will be well understood.
It must be distinctly understood that my said Invention relates to
turn wrest ploughs that are, together with the wheels, completely turned
upside down at the headlands for the purpose before named.
And in order that this my said Invention may be more fully
understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe
the Drawings hereunto annexed.. Similar letters of reference indicate

page_text: corresponding parts where such parts appear or are seen at each of the
Figures respectively.
Figure 1 is an elevation of the said double furrow plough in working
position; Figure 2 is an elevation of the same thrown on its side for
reversing at the headlands.
Figure 3 is a view on an enlarged scale of front traverse piece with
the slotted slide and bolt hereafter mentioned, the dotted lines represent
the slot traverse piece without the slotted slide, one or more slot traverse
pieces may be used for connecting the beams together.
Figure 4 is a section of front traverse piece shewing front locking
piece attached to draught bar.
Figure 5 is a plan of front and back traverse pieces shewing draught
bar passing through fitted with the locking picces and set screws.
Figure 6 is an enlarged view of the hind traverse piece showing the
hole in which the hinder part of draught part turns when reversing the
same at the headlands, the said hole is also the "fulcrum" for the said
draught part when the front part of same requires to be adjusted either
to land or furrow..
Figure 7 is an elevation of the cross piece at the fore end of draught
part.
Figure 8 is a plan of the cross piece shewing the mortice piece or
slide with a set screw or screws.
Figure 9 is an elevation of the slotted tee piece and clip at the fore
end of front beam.
The first part of my said Invention relates to the draught part of the
plough, which is such that it can be made to draw either to land or
furrow independently, that is, if the plough should draw too much to
land on the right side, or vice versa, it can be made to draw straight or
parallel without effecting the side draught on the left side, which may
already draw straight or parallel and require no alteration. This is
effected by having a peculiar draught part to the plough consisting of a
round or other shaped bar or draught part A of any desired length
passing longitudinally between the beams C, C¹, carrying the ploughing

page_text: tools, and also through the slot traverse pieces B, B¹³, that connects the
beams together, the front traverse piece B¹ is fitted with a slotted slide D
and a bolt D', shewn in Figures 3 and 4; the slotted slide D has a hole
or aperture made therein through which the draught bar A is passed.
The front end of draught bar A can be adjusted either to land or furrow
by means of the slots in the traverse pieces B, B¹, the said draught part
is kept in any desired position in the said slots by means of the slotted
slide, and bolt D, D¹, before mentioned. This arrangement will make
the plough to draw either to land or furrow and produce the same effect
in the side draught on either the right or left ploughing tools, when the
mortice piece or slide G is fixed in the centre of the cross piece F here-
after described. The front end of the said draught bar A is turned up
or curved, as shewn at E, so as to bring it at such a distance from the
ground as to produce a sufficient depression of share point; at the
extreme end of draught bar A there is a cross piece F on which is fitted
the mortice piece or slide G, the said mortice piece or slide G is fitted
with a set screw or screws to keep it in any desired position on the said
cross piece F; the chain is also fastened to the mortice piece where the
horses are attached. At the hinder end of the said bar or draught part A
the handles H, H, are attached, and at the headlands are reversed by being
rotated after throwing the plough on its side and supported by the pro-
jecting piece W fastened to the side of the plough, as shewn at Figure 2.
The handles H, H, and draught bar A are then unlocked from the front
and hind traverse pieces B¹ and B by means of the lever I, the dotted
lines at Figure 2 shew the position of lever I and draught bar A when
unlocked from the front and hind traverse pieces B¹, B, and ready to be
reversed together with the handles H, H. The mortice piece G and the
locking pieces J and J¹ are fitted with set screws to make them firm
after being worn. It must be observed that the handles H, H, and
draught part or bar A together are drawn back to be unlocked, as
shewn by the dotted lines before referred to, and are again locked by
means of a spiral spring K.
The arrangements which I employ for obtaining an independent side
draught are as follows:-At Figure 2, the mortice piece or slide Gis
shewn in the centre of the cross piece F, and with the handles H, H, con-

page_text: of the cross piece F, and with the draught part A parallel with the
beams c, c¹, will produce the same effect on both sides of either right or
left ploughing tools; but if the mortice piece or slide G is fixed on one
side of the cross piece F instead of the centre, this will produce an
eccentric movement, and throw the said mortice piece G alternatively
nearer or further off (that is) sideways, and thereby impart a sidelong
pull or movement to either sets of right and left ploughing tools.
It must be observed that if the mortice piece or slide G is adjusted
any considerable distance from the centre of the cross piece F, that it
will be necessary to adjust the slotted slide D sufficiently, so that that
set of ploughing tools which may already draw straight or in the desired
direction may not be affected.
In ploughing hill side land the said draught part of a double furrow
plough will adapt itself for ploughing one furrow up hill and two down;
with a triple furrow plough, two furrows up hill and three down, and
will form an independent side draught to either single, double, or triple
furrow turn wrest ploughs. This arrangement is completely self-acting
after being once set which may be done by adjusting the mortice piece or
slide G at a sufficient distance from the centre of the cross piece F, and
also adjusting the slotted slide D, as may be required. It must be
observed that when applying this arrangement that the "idle" share
and mould board must run in the furrow that is already made.
The second part of my said Invention relates to the method' of
applying the front and hind furrow wheels which remain fixed when at
work, and also when turning the plough at the headlands. This is
effected by using large furrow wheels, the centre part of such furrow
wheels being the same height as the beams, so that one-half of such
furrow wheels are above the beams and the other half in the furrow
underneath, and when the plough is turned upside down they answer
the same purpose for either the right or left sets of ploughing tools
without being hinged or jointed in any way; this is a decided improve-
ment as hinged or jointed furrow wheels have a tendency to wear, get
slack, and cause unsteadiness in the working of the plough.
The arrangement that I employ for applying such furrow wheels are
as follows:-Figures 1 and 2 shew the furrow wheels L, L', in different

page_text: positions, and are so disposed that they take the weight of the plough,
'causing less friction than when the plough is carried by "slades" or
other rubbing surfaces. The hind furrow wheel L' is mounted on the
beam c by a common axle which passes through the beam, and is
fastened by a nut and screw on the other side. The beam C is cranked
off to receive the hinder boss of wheel L¹ before mentioned, and as seen
at Figure 2; the object of this arrangement is to dispense with nearly the
whole of the boss in front of the wheel L' so as to allow the draught part
to be adjusted sufficiently to land.
The front furrow wheel L can be adjusted to its various requirements
by means of a slotted tee piece M. and clip N, shewn at Figure 9, the said
clip N is kept in any desired position on the tec piece M by means of a
set screw or screws shewn at O. By releasing the said screw or
screws the slide T which passes through the clip at U can be adjusted
to any desired width, and the slide T at one end also carries the furrow
wheel L. The slotted tec piece M. admits of the slide T being adjusted
either up or down for the purpose of raising the point of share when
removing the plough from one field or place to another, and for giving
one share more hold in the ground than another if required.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my
"Improvements in Turn Wrest Ploughs Applicable to Single Furrow,
Double Furrow, and Triple Turn Wrest Ploughs,”-
First. The mode of obtaining an independent side draught by means
of the cross and mortice pieces in front of draught bar, as applied to
such turn wrest ploughs, as are together with the wheels turned upside
down at the headlands for the purpose before named, all substantially
as before described and set forth, or any mere modifications thereof.
Second. The slot traverse pieces that connect the beams together, and
through which the draught bar passes, the front one being fitted with a
slotted slide and bolt to regulate the side draught, together with the set
screws in locking pieces to make them firm after being worn, all sub-
stantially as described and set forth.
Third. The combined arrangement and method of obtaining fixtures.
to the front and hind furrow wheels to such turn wrest ploughs as are

page_text: herein-before described, together with the slotted tee piece and clip on
the fore part of front beam, all as herein-before described and set forth,
or any mere modifications thereof.
In witness whereof I, the said John Huxtable, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.