IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MUTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne, of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of
«
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MUTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theodore Frederic
Sandbach Tinne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 19th April 1873.
I, THEODORE FREDERIC SANDBACH TINNE, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES,"
to be as follows :-
The object of this Invention is to provide motive-power engines
specially adapted for pumping, blowing, sawing, stamping, mixing of
paints, clays, and other substances, polishing, and lead lapping purposes,
in a simple, durable, and efficient manner, and consists essentially in
giving a continous rotary as well as reciprocating motion to the pistons
of reciprocating engines, especially to that class working without slide

page_text: or other separate valves. By the said continuous rotary and reciprocating
motion I am enabled to admit steam or other fluid alternately to each
end of a cylinder through ports or passages constructed diagonally, partly
on the surface and partly underneath the surface of the piston. By
varying the length of the ports or passages constructed on the surface of
the piston any desired degree of expansive working of the steam or other
clastic fluid can be obtained. Eduction of steam or other fluid takes
place through ports constructed similar to those above described. Two
induction and two eduction ports are employed.
Instead of causing the piston to rotate and reciprocate the cylinder
may be caused to partake of the combined motion, the piston rod
remaining stationary. Steam or other fluid would in this arrangement
be admitted through the piston rod and piston to ports or passages
in the cylinder similar to those described for the rotato-reciprocating
piston.
Both kinds of engines above described can be used as compound high
and low pressure engines. Rotary motion is given to the said pistons or
cylinders by means of a cam forming part of the piston, guided by pieces
cast on or secured to the cylinder covers. If desired the said cam may be
secured to the piston rod or to the cylinder on the outside, and guided
in any convenient manner. The piston or cylinder may rotate once or
oftener during each stroke, or may make only a partial revolution. A
fly wheel is used to carry the rotation of the piston beyond the dead
points at each end of the stroke. When the cylinder revolves it acts as
its own fly wheel. In the engines above described there is only onc
moving part.
By making two sets of ports or passages in the piston or cylinder in
opposite directions, and using a valve to direct the actuating fluid to the
desired ports or passages, my said engines can be reversed. By allowing
the piston to partake of a reciprocating motion only the cylinder will be
caused to partake of a rotary motion only, or vice versa. In this way
both reciprocating and rotating motion can be utilized at the same
time.
To govern the speed of valveless or any other reciprocating engines
constructed on this or similar principles I so adjust the connection
between the cam or other appliance employed to give rotary or partial
rotary motion to the piston or cylinder, or the connection between the
+

page_text: piston and connecting rod of any ordinary engine, by springs or similar
means, that greater or less resistance to the reciprocating motion of the
piston or cylinder causes a change of position of the cam or similar
appliance, and allows the ports or passages to admit more or less steam
into the cylinder, as required.
When the engines or mechanism above described are used in pumping
or blowing the induction and eduction ports or passages in the piston arc
opened out the full length of the stroke, so as to allow free passage for
fluid, these pumps may be worked by hand, or by my improved motive-
power engines above described.
When used as a low-lift pump or blowing engine I turn the piston
to ease the friction, slightly smaller than the cylinder, and bore it up
the centre, fixing a rod to the pump bottom to work into the piston to
serve as a guide.
filed by the said Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THEODORE
FREDERIC SANDBACH TINNE,. of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the ycar of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givo
and grant unto me, the said Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne, Her
special licence that I, the said Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thercafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH
MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the

page_text: said Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say)—
The object of this Invention is to provide motive-power. engines
specially adapted for pumping, blowing, sawing, stamping, mixing of
paints, clays, and other substances, polishing and lead lapping purposes,
in a simple, durable, and efficient manner, and consists essentially in
giving a continuous rotary as well as reciprocating motion to the pistons
of reciprocating engines, especially to that class working without slide
or other separate valves. By the said continuous rotary and recipro-
cating motion I am enabled to admit steam or other fluid alternately to
each end of a cylinder through ports or passages constructed diagonally
partly on the surface and partly underneath the surface of the piston.
By varying the length of the ports or passages constructed on the surface
of the piston any desired degree of expansive working of the steam or
other elastic fluid can be obtained. Eduction of steam or other fluid
takes place through ports constructed similarly to those above described.
Two induction and two eduction ports are employed.
Instead of causing the piston to rotate and reciprocate the cylinder
may be caused to partake of the combined motion, the piston remaining
stationary. Steam or other fluid would in this arrangement be admitted
through the piston rod and piston to ports or passages in the cylinder
similar to those described for the rotato-reciprocating piston.
Both kinds of engines above described can be used as compound high
and low pressure engines. Rotary motion is given to the said pistons
or cylinders by means of a cam forming part of the piston, guided by
pieces cast on or secured to the cylinder covers. If desired the said cam

page_text: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section; Fig. 2, a side elevation; Fig. 3, an
end elevation, looking on the steam cylinder; and Fig. 4 a plan, all of a
steam donkey pump, constructed in accordance with my Invention, and
designed to work either vertically or horizontally. a denotes the frame-
work; b, steam cylinder; c, pumping cylinder; d, bracket. These parts
are all cast in one piece. c, piston rod, serving also as pump plunger;
f, piston; g, g, cylinder covers and guiding cams, shown in position
more clearly in Figs. 5 and 6; h, steam port; i, exhaust port; and j, fly
wheel; %, lining of pump; 1, suction port; m; delivery port.
1
Figs. 7, 8, and 9, are side elevations, and Figs. 10 and 11 are end
clevations of the steam piston fand pump plunger e. Steam enters the
cylinder through the port h, thence through the passage ¹ into one
end ¹ of the cylinder; whilst steam in the other end 62 of the cylinder
exhausts through the port . To maintain the steam port h and the
exhaust porti in the cylinder respectively opposite to the steam port /¹
and exhaust port in the piston during each stroke, the piston is caused
by its own shape and the shape of the guiding cams 9, 9¹, to make a
semi-revolution for each stroke. It will be obvious that as the helically
formed exhaust port almost covers a semi-circumference of the piston,
steam will exhaust for almost the entire stroke of the piston, whilst
as the helically formed steam port ¹ only covers half a semi-circum-
ference, steam will enter for nearly half the stroke, and consequently act
expansively during the remaining half. To cause the piston to return
there are steam and exhaust ports h² and ?, similar to the steam and
exhaust ports above described, but formed on the reverse semi-circum-
ference of the piston." j, fly wheel, to carry the rotation of the piston
past the dead points of the cams. Water enters the single-acting pump
during the up stroke of the plunger e, through the port 1, passes through
the passage e¹ into the cylinder, and is expelled through the passage e¹
and delivery port m during the down stroke. The rotation of the piston
causes the port e² in the plunger to be open to the ports 7 and m respec-
tively at the proper time. An air vessel can be attached to equalize the
delivery if desired.
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 13 a side elevation of a com-
pound high and low pressure engine, with blowing cylinder constructed
and arranged in accordance with my Invention. b, high-pressure
cylinder; 3, low-pressure cylinder; c, blowing cylinder; d, bed plate;
e, piston rod; f, high-pressure piston; f¹, low-pressure piston; 7, 9', cam

page_text: covers; h, steam port; i, exhaust port; j, fly wheel; l, suction port;
m, delivery port. For the upward stroke steam is admitted through the
port h, and finds its way through a passage in the piston, similar to
that above described in connection with Figs. 1 to 11 to one end ʊ¹ of
the cylinder. During the reverse stroke the steam in 6' finds its way
through the passage e³ in the piston rod, the channel in the piston,
and the passage ³ in the low-pressure cylinder into the space b³. Steam
exhausts from 62 through the passages i and 2. The suction pas-
sages f,f, and the delivery passages fs and f' in the blowing piston
are similar to those described as steam and exhaust passages in connec-
tion with Figs. 1 to 11. Air enters through 7, and issues through m.
To reduce friction the piston f is turned slightly smaller than the
diameter of the cylinder, and is guided by the rod o.
Fig. 14 is a sectional elevation of a motive-power engine, in which the
cylinder rotates and reciprocates. 6, steam cylinder; d, bed plate;
e, hollow stationary piston rod; f, piston; g, g¹, covers; h, steam port;
i, exhaust port. In this modification of engine steam enters through h,
passes through the ways h' and h³ into the end marked 6' of the cylinder,
whilst steam exhausts from 6 through the passages ¹, ³, and i. A
second set of ports is provided to cause the return motion of the piston,
as before described. The cliptical groove p and stud causes the piston
to rotate whilst reciprocating.
Fig. 15 is a side clevation of a motive-power engine constructed in
accordance with my Invention in which the cylinder reciprocates and
the piston rotates. The ports and passages are similar to those described
in connection with Fig. 14. Here the steam enters at 7, and exhausts
at i. The cams are formed on the cylinder covers, as shown in Figs. 1
to 11, and the piston is similarly shaped. The cylinder is prevented
from rotating by the slide 7.
In engines constructed as above described in Fig. 15 rotary motion
can be taken from a pulley on the piston rod, and reciprocating motion
from the cylinder.
Fig. 16 is a sectional elevation of a motive-power engine, in which the
cylinder rotates and the piston reciprocates. The cams are formed on
the piston covers, and the piston and passages are shaped and disposed
as described in Figs. 1 to 11. Steam enters through h, and exhausts

page_text: through i. In this form of engine rotary motion is taken from the cylinder,
and reciprocating motion from the piston rod.
Fig. 17, a sectional elevation, and Fig. 18, plan of a self-governing
reversing engine constructed in accordance with my Invention. This
modification is similar to the one described in Figs. 1 to 11, except that
there is a double set of ports and passages, one set being in use when the
piston rotates in one direction, and the other when it rotates in the other
direction. To reverse it is only necessary to raise or depress the levers,
which works the valve t; the said movements of the lever open or close
the desired ports or passages. By opening out the steam passages in
one set of ports a greater length than in the other steam will be used
more or less expansively, according to the direction in which the piston
is causéd to rotate. For the purpose of self-governing the engine the
piston is formed in two pieces, held slightly apart by springs t¹, t²,
connected to the piston rod e. The springs are adjusted to the resistance
to be overcome, and the steam passages in the piston are not completely
open to the steam passages in the cylinder. If a greater than ordinary
resistance is opposed to the motion of the piston the steam causes the
end thereof on which it acts to slightly compress the spring t or t², and
move forward without rotating; this causes the steam passage in the
piston to more completely open itself to the steam port in the cylinder.
In this way a greater pressure is obtained in the cylinder on account of
the greater freedom allowed to entrance of steam.
Fig. 19 is an elevation of a steam engine constructed in an ordinary
manner, and governed in accordance with my Invention. Here the
controlling spring & connects the pulley u, from which power is conveyed
to the crank shaft v. In an engine constructed in this way, when extra
strain comes on the driving pulley u, the crank shaft partly rotates
without moving the pulley, and operates a valve to admit more steam
into the cylinder to overcome the resistance.
It will be obvious that in the engine described and illustrated by
Fig. 16 water or other liquid may be used as the impelling agent, and
that by attaching an index the quantity of fluid allowed to pass may to
registered.
The forms of the cams and ports which I prefer are shown in the
Drawings, but it will be evident they may be varied. In the case of
|large engines they may more nearly approach a parabollic curve with

page_text: advantage, so as to secure greater speed of piston through a longer part
of the stroke, and quick retardation and acceleration at the ends.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and parti-
cularized the same by various modifications, I claim,-
First. Constructing motive-power engines with pistons so arranged
and combined that they are made to partake of a continous rotary and
reciprocating motion, substantially as set forth..
Second. Constructing motive-power engines with cylinders so arranged
and combined that they are made to partake of a continuous rotary and
reciprocating motion, substantially as set forth.
Third. So constructing motive-power engines that the piston is made
to reciprocate and the cylinder to rotate, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. So constructing motive-power engines that the cylinder is
made to reciprocate and the piston to rotate, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. Arranging any of the engines claimed under the above four
heads with combined high and low pressure cylinders. A modification
under the first claim is illustrated by Figs. 12 and 13.
And Sixth. Governing the speed of the above claimed or other engines
by the mechanism arranged substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theodore Frederic Sandbach Tinne,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-three.
THEODORE F. S. TINNE. (L.S.)