Improvements in the Manufacture of Telegraph Poles, Columns, Pillars, Flagstaffs, Signal Posts for Railways, Fence Posts and other Posts, Rolls or Rollers for Various Purposes, Pipes or Tubes for Containing Telegraph Wires, Railway Sleepers, Pillar Letter Boxes, Urinals, Chimney Pieces, Slabs for Use in the Construction of Urinals and Chimney Pieces and for Pavements and Stair Treads and for other Uses, Tiles and Slabs for Roofing, Sewer Grids or Gratings and other Gratings, Cellar Plates, Wheels, Pulleys, Sheaves for Pulley Blocks, Dead Eyes, Buckets, Coal Boxes, and Cocks or Taps.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb.. 1887
Complete Left, 17th Nov., 1887
Complete Accepted, 20th Jan., 1888
Improvements in the Manufacture of Telegraph Poles, Columns,
Pillars, Flagstaffs, Signal Posts for Railways, Fence Posts and
other Posts, Rolls or Rollers for Various Purposes, Pipes or
Tubes for Containing Telegraph Wires, Railway Sleepers, Pillar
Letter Boxes, Urinals, Chimney Pieces, Slabs for Use in the
Construction of Urinals and Chimney Pieces and for Pavements
and Stair Treads and for other Uses, Tiles and Slabs for
Roofing, Sewer Grids or Gratings and other Gratings, Cellar
Plates, Wheels, Pulleys, Sheaves for Pulley Blocks, Dead Eyes,
Buckets, Coal Boxes, and Cocks or Taps.
I DAVID WILSON of Millwood House Grays in the County of Essex Manager of
Cement Works do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
That part of my invention which relates to the manufacture of telegraph poles
columns pillars flagstaffs signal posts for railways fence posts and other posts and
rolls or rollers for various purposes consists of the improvements hereinafter
described in telegraph poles columns pillars flagstaffs signal posts for railways fence
posts and other posts and rolls or rollers for various purposes of the construction
described in the specifications of Letters Patent No. 5990 and 2348 granted to me
and bearing date respectively the 15th May 1885 and the 17th February 1886 and
the said improvements consist in filling the hollow part of telegraph poles columus
pillars flagstaffs signal posts for railways fence posts and other posts and rolls or
rollers for various purposes so constructed with concrete or cement or in forming the
inner part solid instead of merely coating the interior of the core with concrete or
cement as described in the said specifications.
In the manufacture of pipes or tubes for containing telegraph wires according to
my Invention I form the said tubes as described in the specifications of the aforesaid
Patents and I form at suitable intervals in the said tubes openings to admit of access
to the interior of the said tubes which openings I provide with separable covers
formed of wire netting and concrete or cement and secured to the tubes in any

page_text: suitable manner and within the said tubes I secure rings or eyes formed of wire
covered with concrete or cement through which rings or eyes the telegraph wires are
passed in arranging them in the said tubes.
In the manufacture of railway sleepers according to my invention I form hollow
blocks of wire netting and concrete or cement of somewhat greater length than the
rail chairs in the hollows of which blocks I secure logs of wood of rather less length
than the said blocks and I connect the said blocks together in pairs at the required
distance apart by means of metal rods passed through holes in the said blocks and
secured thereto by keys or wedges passed through slots in the said rods and bearing
against metal plates placed within the hollows of the said blocks over the ends of the
logs of wood secured in the said hollows.
In the manufacture of pillar letter boxes urinals and chimney pieces according to
my Invention I form cores of wire netting or of metal rods or bars of the
configuration of the articles or of parts of the articles to be made and coat the said
cores on both sides with concrete or cement and in cases where it is necessary or
desirable to form the said articles in two or more parts I provide the said parts with
suitable means of connection and connect them together in any suitable manner.
In the manufacture of slabs for use in the construction of urinals and chimney
pieces and for other uses such as the tops of counters and tables 1 form the said slabs
of wire netting coated on both sides with concrete or cement and where necessary
I provide the said slabs with suitable means for admitting of their connection.
Where the slabs thus manufactured are to be used for pavements and stair treads
I prefer to form angular indentations or grooves either parallel or at right angles or
in other directions in the surfaces of the said slabs or in those parts of the surfaces
which when the said slabs are in use will be most exposed to wear.
In the manufacture of tiles and slabs for roofing according to my Invention I form
them of wire netting covered on both sides with concrete or cement and I form
recesses or rebates in the edges to admit of proper connection when in use.
In the manufacture of sewer grids or gratings and other gratings cellar plates
wheels pulleys sheaves for pulley blocks dead eyes buckets and coal boxes according
to my invention I arrange suitably formed cores of wire netting or frames of rods or
bars of metal or cores or frames formed of both wire netting and metal rods or bars
in moulds of the form the finished articles are required to have and I pour concrete or
cement into the said moulds or 1 otherwise coat all parts of the said cores with
concrete or cement. Wheels thus manufactured may have metal tyres secured to
them if desired and buckets and other articles thus inanufactured may be provided
with handles or other parts formed of metal.
In the manufacture of cocks or taps according to my Invention I form the tubular
parts of wiro netting and concrete or cement as described in the aforesaid speci-
fications with reference to the manufacture of pipes and I form the keys thereof of
concrete or cement cast in suitable moulds in which metal cores are arranged when it
is desired that the keys shall consist partly of metal.
The cement which I use in the manufactures herein described and referred to is
portland cement or other cement of similar nature and having similar properties and
the concrete which I use in the said manufactures is prepared as described in my
aforesaid specifications. In preparing the cement for use I mix it with either water or
a solution of silicate of soda or of silicate of potash or of caustic soda and where I
use water alone in preparing either the cement or the concrete I in some cases soak
the manufactured article in a solution of silicate of soda or of silicate of potash or
of caustic soda.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Telegraph Poles, Columns,
Pillars, Flagstaffs, Signal Posts for Railways, Fence Posts and
other Posts, Rolls or Rollers for Various Purposes, Pipes or
Tubes for Containing Telegraph Wires, Railway Sleepers,
Pillar, Letter Boxes, Urinals, Chimney Pieces, Slabs for Use in
the Construction of Urinals and Chimney Pieces and for Pave-
ments and Stair Treads and for other Uses, Tiles and Slabs for
Roofing, Sewer Grids or Gratings and other Gratings, Cellar
Plates, Wheels, Pulleys, Sheaves for Pulley Blocks, Dead Eyes,
Buckets, Coal Boxes, and Cocks or Taps.
I DAVID WILSON of Millwood House Grays in the County of Essex Manager of
Cement Works do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
That part of my invention which relates to the manufacture of telegraph poles
columns pillars flagstaffs signal posts for railways fence posts and other posts
and rolls or rollers for various purposes consists of the improvements hereinafter
described in telegraph poles columns pillars flagstaffs signal posts for railways fence
posts and other posts and rolls or rollers for various purposes of the construction
described in the specifications of Letters Patent Nos. 5990 and 2348 granted to me
and bearing date respectively the 15th May 1885 and the 17th February 1886 and
the said improvements consist in filling the hollow part of telegraph poles columns
pillars flagstaffs signal posts for railways fence posts and other posts and rolls or
rollers for various purposes so constructed with concrete or cement or in forming the
inner part solid instead of merely coating the interior of the core with concrete or
cement as described in the said specifications.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a transverse section of one of the said
articles the hollow part of which is filled with concrete or cement as shown at a. In
the said Figure 1 and in the other figures of the drawings hereinafter described the
metal cores are marked and the cement or concrete coating is marked b¹.
Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings is a transverse section of one of the
articles hereinbefore referred to having the inner part (which is marked c) formed
solid.
In the manufacture of pipes or tubes for containing telegraph wires according to
my invention I form the said tubes as described in the specifications of the aforesaid
Patents and I form at suitable intervals in the said tubes openings to admit of access
to the interior of the said tubes which openings I provide with separable covers formed
of wire netting and concrete or cement.
A portion of a telegraph tube having an opening formed in it provided with a

page_text: separable cover as hereinbefore described is illustrated in elevation in Figure 3 of the
accompanying drawings and in transverse section taken on the line Figure 3 in
Figure 4. In Figure 5 the tube and the aforesaid cover are shown in transverse
section separated from each other d is the said tube e is the opening therein and
fis the cover which has flanges f¹¹ formed on it for keeping it in place over the
opening e.
In the manufacture of railway sleepers according to my invention I form hollow
blocks of wire netting and concrete or cement of somewhat greater length than the
rail chairs in the hollows of which blocks I secure logs of wood of rather less length
than the said blocks and I connect the said blocks together in pairs at the required
distance apart by means of metal rods passed through holes in the said blocks and
secured thereto by keys or wedges passed through slots in the said rods and bearing
against metal plates placed within the hollows of the said blocks over the ends of the
logs of wood secured in the said hollows.
A railway sleeper thus manufactured and with rail chairs supporting rails secured
thereto is illustrated in side elevation in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings and
in end elevation in Figure 7. Figure 8 is a section of part of the sleeper taken on
the line 2 Figure 6. The hollow blocks bereinbefore referred to each consist of a core
of wire netting b coated on both sides with concrete or cement b¹. g g are the logs of
wood secured in the hollows of the said blocks. The logs g g are or may be secured
within the hollows of the said blocks by being placed within the mould in which the
wire cores are coated with the concrete or cement coating. is the metal rod by
which the said blocks are connected which rod passes through holes in the logs gg.
ii are the keys or wedges by which the rod h is secured to the blocks gg and jj are
the metal plates against which the keys or wedges ii bear. In some cases I use a
frame of metal rods or bars in place of the wire netting.
The spikes or bolts kk by which the chairs kk2 supporting the rails are secured
in place are passed through holes formed in the concrete or cement of the aforesaid
blocks and are driven into the logs gg. I prefer to put a little cement in the holes
before inserting the spikes or bolts. The said holes may be formed either by drilling
or by arranging plugs in the required positions in the moulds in which the said blocks
are formed.
In the manufacture of pillar letter boxes urinals and chimney pieces according to
my Invention I form cores of wire netting or of metal rods or bars of the configura-
tion of the articles or of parts of the articles to be made and coat the said cores on
both sides with concrete or cement and in cases where it is necessary or desirable to
form the said articles in two or more parts I provide the said parts with suitable means
of connection and connect them together in any suitable manner.
The construction of a pillar letter box according to my invention of cement or
concrete and wire netting is hereinafter described with reference to Figures 9, 10, 11, 12
and 13 of the accompanying Drawings Figure 9 being an elevation thereof Figure 10
a central vertical section of the cover and a portion of the body and Figure 11 a
section taken on the line 3 Figure 9. In Figures 12 and 13 a portion of the door is
shown drawn to a larger scale than the other Figures Figure 12 being an elevation
and Figure 13 a section taken on the line 4 Figure 12. The cover m of the body n
of the box and the door o are each formed separately of wire netting and concrete or
cement in suitable moulds according to the method described in the specification of
my Patent No. 59908 and are connected together as follows. The upper part of the
body n is secured in the rebate in the underside of the cover m by means of cement
and the halves or flaps of the hinges by which the door is connected to the body are
secured respectively to the door and the body by arranging them in suitable positions
in the moulds before the concrete or cement is run in. In Figures 12 and 13 one
half of one of the hinges secured to the door is shown at p. The lock and other
necessary attachments which are not shown in the drawings may be secured in the
required positions in the manner described with reference to the hinges. Or recesses may.
be formed at the parts where the said attachments are required in which recesses the
said attachments may be secured by means of cement. The said recesses may be

page_text: formed by arranging in the moulds blocks of wood or other suitable material of the
form the recesses are required to have and withdrawing the said blocks when the
cement or concrete has set. The line 5 Figure 9 indicates the depth to which the box
in intended to be sunk in the earth.
The parts of urinals and chimney pieces which require to be connected together
may be connected either by means of cement alone or by means of attachments secured
in and projecting from the said parts substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the hinge of a pillar letter box. Or recesses may be formed as herein-
hefore described in the parts to be connected together in which recesses the required
attachments may be secured by means of cement or concrete.
In the manufacture of slabs for use in the construction of urinals and chimney
pieces and for other uses such as the tops of counters and tables I forin the said slabs
of wire netting coated on both sides with concrete or cement and where necessary I
provide the said slabs with suitable means for admitting of their connection. Where
the slabs thus inanufactured are to be used for pavements and stair treads I prefer to
form angular indentations or grooves either parallel or at right angles or in other
directions in the surfaces of the said slabs or in those parts of the surfaces which when
the said slabs are in use will be most exposed to wear.
The slabs may be formed either by supporting the wire netting in the required
position in moulds of suitable size and form and pouring concrete or cement into the
moulds or by spreading a layer of concrete or cement on a flat surface and placing
a sheet of wire netting on the said layer and then spreading another layer of cement
or concrete over the netting. Where I use moulds in the manufacture of the slabs
and in the manufacture of the other articles herein described I support the wire netting
or the frame of metal rods or bars which I use as the core either as described in the
aforesaid specifications or by means of studs or bosses on the interior of the parts of
the mould which studs or bosses project so far into the interior of the mould as to bear
or nearly bear against the said core. The said studs or bosses produce depressions or
cavaties in the coating of concrete or cement which depressions or cavaties may be filled
up with concrete or cement when the articles are removed from the moulds. Where the
slabs are required to be connected together or to other articles they may be connected and
means may be provided for connection as herein before described with reference to the
manufacture of pillar letter boxes urinals and chimney pieces.
Figure 14 of the accompanying Drawings is a face view of a slab for a pavement
or stair tread manufactured according to my invention and having angular indentations
or grooves formed in its upper face and Figure 15 is a section of the same taken on
the line 6 Figure 14.
In the manufacture of tiles and slabs for roofing according to my invention I form
them of wire netting covered on both sides with concrete or cement and I form
recesses or rebates in the edges to admit of proper connection when in use.
Figure 16 is a face view of a roofing tile or slab made according to my invention
and Figure 17 is a section thereof taken on the line 7 Figure 16. Figure 18 is a side
view and Figure 19 is an edge view of a ridge tile made according to my invention
and Figure 20 is a section of the same taken on the line 8 Figure 18. In all the
said Figures 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 the recesses or rebates formed in the edges of the
tiles to provide for their secure connection are marked q.
The arrangement of the tiles on a roof and their connection are shown in Figures 21
and 22 of the accompanying Drawings Figure 21 being a face view of a portion
of a roof covered with the said tiles and Figure 22 a section taken on the line 9
Figure 21. In covering a roof with the said tiles they are secured together by means
of cement.
In the manufacture of sewer grids or gratings and other gratings cellar plates
wheels pulleys sheaves for pulley blocks dead eyes buckets and coal boxes according
to my invention I arrange suitably formed cores of wire netting or frames of rods or
bars of metal or cores or frames formed of both wire netting and metal rods or bars
in moulds of the form the finished articles are required to have and I pour concrete
or cement into the said moulds or I otherwise coat all parts of the said cores with

page_text: concrete or cement. Wheels and pulleys thus manufactured may have metal tyres
secured to them if desired and buckets and other articles thus manufactured may be
provided with handles or other parts formed of metal.
A sewer grid or grating constructed according to my Invention is illustrated in
plan in Figure 23 of the accompanying Drawings and in section taken on the line 10
Figure 23 in Figure 24.
1 manufacture cellar plates according to my Invention by placing wire netting or a
frame of metal rods or bars in a suitably formed mould and afterwards pouring
concrete or cement therein or I manufacture the said plates by spreading a layer of
concrete or cement on a suitable surface and placing a layer of wire netting or a frame
of metal rods or bars on the said layer and spreading concrete or cement over the
wire netting or frame. The surfaces of cellar plates thus manufactured may have
indentations or grooves formed in them by using moulds of suitable internal form or
by spreading the concrete or cement on a surface having suitable projections and
where the said plates are required to have attachments secured to them the said attach-
ments may be secured as herein before described with reference to the attachments of
pillar letter boxes.
A pulley constructed according to my invention is illustrated in face view and edge
view respectively in Figures 25 and 26 of the accompanying Drawings and in section
taken on the line 11 Figure 25 in Figure 27. Referring to the said Figures is a
metal bush having arms formed on it on each side of which arms wire netting bb
is placed as shown in the section Figure 27. The remainder of the pulley consists
of cement or concrete b¹. The bush is shown separately in side view in Figure 28.
In some cases I substitute metal rods or bars or a suitably formed frame of metal rods
or bars for the wire netting and where metal tyres are required I secure them in place
either during the manufacture of the pulleys or after their manufacture as hereinbefore
described is completed. If necessary the tyres may be tightened by means of wedges
driven into grooves or recesses formed in the periphery of the concrete or cement
part of the pulley or wheel and bearing against the metal tyre. It is not necessary
to heat the tyres as usual before putting them in place.
I manufacture wheels according to my Invention substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to pulleys.
A sheave for pulley blocks manufactured according to my invention is illustrated
in face view and edge view respectively in Figures 29 and 30 of the accompanying
Drawings and in section taken on the line 12 Figure 29 in Figure 31.
A dead eye manufactured according to my invention is illustrated in face view and
edge view respectively in Figures 32 and 33 of the accompanying drawings and in
section taken on the line 13 Figure 32 in Figure 34.
A bucket constructed according to my invention is illustrated in central vertical
section in Figure 35 of the accompanying Drawings. Figure 36 is a horizontal
section of the same taken on the line 14 Figure 35. The ears or loops ss to which
the handle t is connected may be secured to the bucket as hereinbefore described with
reference to the attachments of pillar letter boxes.
I manufacture coal boxes according to my invention substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to buckets.
In the manufacture of cocks or taps according to my Invention I form the tubular
parts of wire netting and concrete or cement as described in the aforesaid specifica-
tions with reference to the manufacture of pipes and 1 form the keys or plugs thereof
of concrete or cement cast in suitable moulds in which metal cores are arranged
when it is desired that the plugs or keys shall consist partly of metal. To form the
hollow or curved part of the said cocks or taps a core of india rubber may be placed
in the mould in which the cock or tap is to be made the elasticity of which core
admits of it being pulled out from the mouth of the cock or tap when the cement or
concrete has set. Úr the core may be made of clay and be broken and removed when
the concrete or cement has set.
The cement which I use in the manufactures herein described and referred to is
portland cement or other cement of similar nature and having similar properties and

page_text: the concrete which I use in the said manufactures is prepared as described in my
aforesaid specifications. In preparing the cement for use I mix it with either water
or a solution of silicate of soda or of silicate of potash or of caustic soda and where
I use water alone in preparing either the cement or the concrete I in some cases
soak the manufactured article in a solution of silicate of soda or of silicate of potash
or of caustic soda.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
--
First The improvements hereinbefore described in the manufacture of columns
pillars flagstaffs signal posts for railways fence posts and other posts and rolls or
rollers for various purposes as described in the specifications of my aforesaid Patents
that is to say filling the hollow parts of the said articles with concrete or cement.
Secondly The manufacture of railway sleepers substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Thirdly The manufacture of pillar letter boxes substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Fourthly The manufacture of urinals substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifthly The manufacture of slabs substantially as herein before described for use
in the construction of urinals and chimney pieces and for the tops of counters and
tables and for other like uses.
Sixthly The manufacture of slabs for pavements and stair treads substantially as
herein before described.
Seventhly The manufacture of tiles and slabs for roofing substantially as herein
before described.
Eighthly The manufacture of sewer grids or gratings and other gratings
substantially as herein before described.
Ninthly The manufacture of cellar plates substantially as herein before desc. *hed.
Tenthly The manufacture of wheels substantially as herein before described.
Eleventhly The manufacture of pulleys substantially as herein before described.
Twelfthly The manufacture of sheaves for pulley blocks substantially as herein
before described.
Thirteently The manufacture of dead eyes substantially as herein before described.
Fourteenthly The manufacture of buckets and coal boxes substantially as herein
before described.
-
Fifteenthly The manufacture of cocks or taps substantially as herein before
described.
Dated this Seventeenth day of November 1887