AN IMPROVED METHOD AND MEANS FOR FIXING OR FASTENING ANILINE COLORS, UPON FIBROUS MATERIALS COMPOSED OF EITHER ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE FIBRE." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Law Heppenstall, Junior of Milnsbridge near Huddersfield
in the county of York Manufacturer for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED
METHOD AND MEANS FOR FIXING OR FASTENING ANILINE COLORS, UPON
FIBROUS MATERIALS COMPOSED OF EITHER ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE FIBRE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Law Heppenstall, Junior, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1883.
LAW HEPPENSTALL Junior. of Milnsbridge near Huddersfield in the County of
York. Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED METHOD AND MEANS FOR FIXING OR
FASTENING ANILINE COLORS, UPON FIBROUS MATERIALS COMPOSED OF EITHER
ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE FIBRE"
My Invention has reference to the fixing or fastening of aniline colors upon
fibrous materials composed of either animal or vegetable fibre, such as cotton, wool,
silk and the like.
Hitherto it has been found impossible to fix or fasten aniline colors upon fibrous
materials, which would withstand the milling or washing process, for it is always
found, after either of the above processes, that the color has considerably diminished,
and their value reduced thereby.
To overcome this difficulty is the object of my Invention, which I propose to do
by the employment of mordants or ingredients to be used in conjunction with the
aniline color in order to fix or fasten the said colors so that the process of milling
and washing will not diminish their brilliancy.
In treating cotton I pass it through two baths previous to dyeing it, so as to
prepare and get the said cotton fibre, into a fit condition to receive the dye.
Into the first of these baths I introduce (either separately, or combined) a
quantity of Sumac Tannic acid, and Myrabolaus.
After the fibre is removed from this bath, it is partially dried by means of a
Hydro Extractor, and placed into bath No 2 into which I introduce (either
separately or combined) a quantity of nitrate of iron, and double muriate of tin.

page_text: After the second bath the fibre is placed into the dye bath, which, in addition to
the aniline color, is introduced some oxalic acid, by which the said color is fastened.
In fastening aniline colors upon wool or woollen yarn I may use the two
preparatory baths previously explained for cotton, or I may dispense with the said
preparatory baths and employ only a dyeing bath into which is introduced in
addition to the aniline color a quantity of bichromate of potash, sulphate. of
alumina and copperas which may be used either separately or combined.
In fastening aniline colors upon silk or silk threads the preparatory baths may
again be used if necessary but whether they are employed or not I introduce into
the dye bath a mordant of all, or any of the following ingredients-viz: Alum, red
argol, copperas, bichromate of potash, and sulphate of alumina, which I find,
fastens the colors upon the said fibre to a degree which cannot be effected without
them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Law Heppenstall, Junior, in the Patent Office on the 17th January
1884.
LAW HEPPENSTALL, junior, of Milnsbridge, near Huddersfield, in the County of
York Manufacturer "AN IMPROVED METHOD AND MEANS FOR FIXING OR
FASTENING ANILINE COLORS UPON FIBROUS MATERIALS COMPOSED OF EITHER
ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE FIBRE."
This Invention has reference to the fixing or fastening of aniline colors upon
fibrous materials, composed of either animal or vegetable fibre, such as cotton,"
wool, silk, and the like.
Hitherto it has been found impossible to fix or fasten aniline colors upon fibrous
materials, which would withstand the milling or washing process, for it is always
found, after either of the above processes that the color has considerably diminished,
and the value of the material reduced thereby.
To overcome this difficulty is the object of my Invention, which I. propose to do
by the employment of mordants, or ingredients, to be used in conjunction with the
aniline colour, in order to fix or fasten the said colors, so that the process of
milling and washing will not diminish their brilliancy.
In treating cotton I pass it through two baths previous to dyeing it, so as to
prepare and get the said cotton fibre into a suitable condition to receive the dye.
The first bath consists of 20 ounces of water, a little more water being added
whilst boiling, and one drachm of sumac, which is allowed to boil one hour and a
half, afterwards add three drachms of cotton fibre, or yarn, and boil one hour
which is then allowed to steep 36 hours. After this the fibre or yarn is removed
from the bath and partially dried by means of a Hydro-extractor machine.
The second bath consists of 20 ounces of water and 2% of Double-muriate
of tin into which the partially dried fibre is placed, and allowed to steep cold
24 hours. The fibre is then washed with clean water, and placed into a Hydro-
extractor a second time until nearly dry, and on being removed therefrom is
placed into the dye-bath containing 20 ounces of water to which is added-
Firstly 6 grains of Oxalic acid also 6 grains of sulphate of copper and dissolve ;-
Secondly, add 6 grains of aniline green crystals, and dissolve, then the fibre is
introduced all of which are boiled for half an hour, when the colour will be found
to be permanently fastened.
In fastening aniline colors upon wool or woollen yarn I may use the two
preparatory baths previously explained for cotton, or I may dispense with them
and employ only a dye-bath consisting (whether the preparatory baths are used
or not) of 20 ounces of water raised up to 160 Fahrenheit, then add 6 grains of
green crystals and boil 5 minutes by which time the fibre is placed in the said
bath and boiled therein 15 minutes, afterwards add 3 grains of bichromate of
potash and boil 40 minutes and after washing off with water the colour will be
fixed.
I would here remark that the several ingredients may be used separately or
combined.
In fastening aniline colors upon silk or silk threads, the preparatory baths as
described for cotton may be used if necessary, but whether they are employed or
not, the dye-bath consists of 20 ounces of water, and 6 grains of green crystals
and allowed to boil 5 minutes, when one drachm of silk is introduced and boiled
15 minutes, afterwards add-Firstly-3 grains of red argol,-Secondly-6 grains of
alum, and Thirdly-one grain of green copperas, all of which are boiled together
40 minutes, a process which I find fastens the colors upon the said fibre to a

page_text: degree which cannot be effected without them. I would remark that the color
will be made fast if only one of the ingredients are used, but I prefere to use them
combined:
Having now described my Invention, and explained the manner of putting the
same into practice, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact quantity of ingredients mentioned in this Specification, as the opinions and
judgement of the persons in charge of the bath will vary; but what I consider
new, and desire to claim by Letters Patent is.-
Firstly. The means of fastening aniline colors upon cotton fibre, or cotton yarn
substantially as herein described.
Secondly. The means of fastening aniline colors upon wool, or woollen yarn
substantially as herein described.
.
Thirdly. The means of fastening aniline colors upon silk, or silk thread
substantially as herein described.
.
In witness whereof I the said Law Heppenstall, junior, have hereunto set my
band and seal this fourteenth day of January in the year of our Lord one thousand
cight hundred and eighty four.
LAW HEPPENSTALL JUNIOR
(L.S.)