matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN KILNS OR DRYING CHAMBERS FOR DRYING PEAT, MALT, GRAIN, BREWERS' OR DISTILLERS' GRAINS, Hors, OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robinson Galé Perry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1874.
I, ROBINSON GALE PERRY, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin,
Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KILNS OR DRYING CHAMBERS FOR DRYING PEAT, MALT, GRAIN, BREWERS'
OR DISTILLERS' GRAINS, Hors, OR OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of kiln or drying
chamber for drying by a continuous process, whereby the operation is
considerably facilitated.
The kiln or chamber is built by preference in the form of a rectangle,
and divided into several compartments by divisional walls, arranged so
that a continuous connection is formed between the said compartments
by stopping one end alternately of each divisional wall short of the side
walls of the kiln.
A furnace is arranged at one end of the kiln, the flue of which is
conveyed into the nearest compartment, and thus communicates with

page_text: all the said compartments, so that the heat and products of combustion
are transmitted through the several compartments of the kiln to the
chimney shaft, which is fixed at the opposite end.
I form a continuous rail or tramway throughout the kiln for the
transit of goods to be dryed.
The system of working is this:-The materials to be dryed are loaded
in trucks or wagons and arranged on shelves or trays; the trucks enter
the kiln at the end nearest the chimney, and are gradually moved
forward as the drying proceeds to the opposite end of the kiln.
5
Sliding doors or dampers are fitted between the several compartments 1
for the regulation of the heat, as may be found necessary.
By another arrangement I convey the flues from the furnace under-
neath the floor of the kiln to the chimney. The floor is perforated;
through the perforations the heat ascends into the several compartments,
whilst the unconsumed products remain in the flues, dampers and 1
sliding doors being provided for the regulation of the hot air current.
In some cases I prefer to made the kiln without dividing it into com-
partments. The furnace and chimney shaft are placed at opposite ends,
and the heat transmitted throughout by either of the modes before
described.
Again, where it may be essential to use steam power for the purpose
of manufacture I fix the boiler over the furnace in the usual way and
convey the waste heat into the kiln, and thus utilize it for drying before
entering the chimney at the opposite end.
AN IMPROVED Indicator for Cabs and other PUBLIC VEHICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Macpherson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1874.
I, WILLIAM MACPHERSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED Indicator for Cabs and other PUBLIC VEHICLES,”
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a simple apparatus
to be applied to cabs and other public vehicles, which shall indicate to
the person or persons travelling thereby the time they have used such
vehicle, and consequently the amount of fare due for such service; and
shall also furnish to the proprietor at the close of the day the aggregate
of the time occupied during the day in conveying passengers, and so
serve as a check upon the driver.
Now this Invention consists in fixing a clock provided with a stop in
a convenient part of the cab or other vehicle, by preference underneath
the seat, the stop of which is in communication with actuating
mechanism arranged beneath such seat, so that a passenger by the act of

page_text: taking a seat withdraws the stop, and the clock commences to record the
time.
The actuating mechanism. before mentioned consists of a framework
underneath the usual upholstered work of the seat, the back part of such
framework being hinged to a convenient part of the main framework of
the seat or vehicle, and the front constantly pressed upwards by a
spring or other equivalent means. Upon the framework being depressed
by a passenger taking a seat it is locked down during the whole of the
time the cab is engaged by a latch or catch fitted beneath such seat, so
that no matter how often the seat is vacated by the passenger during
the course of his hire, the recording of the time still goes on.
It is part
of the duty of the driver to release the latch or catch upon being
discharged, when the stop attached to the clock immediately comes into
action, and the recording of time. ceases..
By observing the difference of the time on entering and leaving, the
passenger can tell the amount of fare due to the driver, and the total
time recorded by the clock through the day will furnish the proprietor
with a means of knowing how much is due to him from the driver. This
arrangement applies to what are known as "Hansom" cabs. In the case
of vehicles carrying three or more passengers it may be necessary to
employ more than one apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis, and Felix McIlvenna
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th December 1874.
We, JOHN LEWIS, junior, and FELIX MILVENNA, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUD FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists essentially, under the first part, in constructing
studs for fastening together two or more thicknesses of material (as in
shirts and garments) with a loose or movable piece on the shank con-
necting the front or head and the back piece. The loose movable piece
is free to turn on the said connecting shank. The loose or movable
and the back piece should be of elliptical or oblong form.
When it is desired to secure two or more thicknesses of material
together the back piece of the stud above described is passed through
holes provided in the material. The head, and with it the back piece
of the stud, is now turned, the back piece being made to stand across
the opening, whilst the loose or movable piece is retained in position

page_text: by the material. By the above operation the loose and back pieces are
placed with their longer axes at right angles to each other. To release
the stud it is only necessary to give the head a quarter turn.
Under the second part of my Invention I provide a spring catch to
secure the loose or movable piece mentioned under the above head in
the required position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING ADVERTIZEMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1874.
I, JAMES CLARK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, India-
rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISPLAYING ADVERTIZEMENTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of displaying advertizements,
whereby I am enabled to make such display vary in order to present
different subjects to be presented to the observer. To effect this I mount
the advertizements upon an endless travelling surface which is caused to
move forward by the motion of a vehicle which carries it. Thus, I apply
to a carriage suitable rollers over which an endless band of advertise-
ments passes, and to these rollers I impart motion by an arrangement of
gearing connected to an axle of the said carriage

page_text: According to another plan I adapt the travelling surface to a fence,
wall, or other such erection, and give motion to the said surface by any
suitable motive power, and in this manner advertizements may be
adapted to the exterior of theatres representing processions, scenes in a
play, or other such subjects. The travelling surfaces may be made as
transparencies.
APPARATUS COMBINING BEDSTEAD, BEDDING, TABLE, SEATS, SHELVES, AND Box ADAPTED FOR USE IN CABINS, SUMMER HOUSES, TENTS, MARQUEES, AND DWELLING ROOMS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Ritchic, of Hounslow, in the County
c
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "APPARATUS COMBINING BEDSTEAD,
BEDDING, TABLE, SEATS, SHELVES, AND Box ADAPTED FOR USE IN CABINS,
SUMMER HOUSES, TENTS, MARQUEES, AND DWELLING ROOMS.'
"
Sealed the 14th August 1874, and dated the 1st June 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Ritchie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1874.
I, GEORGE RITCHIE, of Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "APPARATUS COM-
BINING BEDSTEAD, BEDDING, TABLE, SEATS, SHELVES, AND BOX ADAPTED FOR USE
IN CABINS, SUMMER HOUSES, TENTS, MARQUEES, AND DWELLING ROOMS," to be
as follows:-
In constructing the apparatus I employ an ordinary box of suitable
size and shape, and attach thereto flaps, which when opened form a
table and when closed form the sides of the box.

page_text: The flaps when opened are supported by double pieces of wood or iron
forming slides, and which are made to fold outwards and inwards, and
through which, when extended, uprights are passed to support the whole,
and in order to use the box at one and the same time as table seats or
shelves combined, both pieces of wood or slides are drawn out so that
parts support the seats and the flaps, and the said pieces of wood or
slides fold up under the box and so form part of its bottom.
.
The box may
be made with sliding lid in one or more pieces to give
it a fair surface when used as a table or as a bedstead, and as a bed with
suitable mattrass.
When the various parts are folded and put together they pack in or
form a box, and when required as a bedstead, either for one or more
persons, the box may be made so as to require only temporary fastenings
at the corners, the inner side pieces being let down, and being padded so
as to form the mattrass. The side pieces joined to the flaps will form
the surface for a bedstead or mattrass, being supported by suitable
uprights, and the whole made to pack together and present the appearance
of an ordinary box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS BRAKES FOR RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1874.
I, GEORGE EDWARDS, Signalling Engineer, London and North
Western Railway, Heaton Norris, Lancashire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONTINUOUS BRAKES
FOR RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in the application of vibrating levers or bars
fixed on the framework of railway carriages or on bearings carried on
the axles of the wheels. The vibrating levers or bars are of equal length
on each side of the centre of motion or otherwise, and are slotted at
each end where they are joined together by pins or bolts, such slots
being for the purpose of allowing for the expansion and contraction of
the train. The vibrating levers or bars can be carried in bearings which
enable them to vibrate either vertically or horizontally, and motion
being given to either of the vibrating levers or bars conveys a zig-zag

page_text: motion through the whole. The brake blocks are connected to the
vibrating levers or bars in any suitable way as heretofore, or to such
vibrating bars themselves. A spring is applied to the brake block rods
at any convenient part, so as to allow for any irregularity of wear. The
brake can be worked from either the engine or guard's van.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING STEEL AND OTHER METAL INGOTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by John Heaton and Alfred
Washington Stoker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th July 1874.
WC, JOHN HEATON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Civil
Engineer, and ALFRED WASHINGTON STOKER, of the said Sheffield,
Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CASTING STEEL AND OTHER METAL INGOTS," to
be as follows:—
The moulds used in the casting of steel and other metal ingots have
generally been formed solid, or in one piece. They have also been
formed in two or more parts, which have been held together during the
casting of the ingot therein by means of bolts passed through lugs
formed on the respective parts, and the moulds so used have been
formed to separate at the opposite angles. Our improvements consist
in connecting such part moulds to their sole plate by hinge joints, so
that when it is desired to remove an ingot- that has been cast in such
moulds it will be simply necessary to remove the tie bolts connecting
together the parts of the mould generally near their upper ends, when

page_text: the parts may be allowed to fall partly back to stops formed to sustain
them, and the ingot may be removed by a chain passed round it or
otherwise.
That part of the sole plate forming the bottom of the mould will in
most cases be moveable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, AND QUARRYING STONE, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING COAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jordan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1874.
I, JOHN JORDAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING, DRESSING, AND QUARRYING STONE, ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING COAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus or machine for
cutting and dressing stone and for cutting grooves in stone or coal.
The apparatus or machine consists principally of one or more tools
fixed to the ends of one or more excentric or connecting rods, which
rods are moved by excentrics or cranks having a comparatively small
travel and a comparatively high velocity. The ends of the excentric or
connecting rods which carry the tool or tools work in guides which
allow the vibration to give a clearing motion to the tool which clears
away the cut stuff behind the tool. The guides may either be springs
secured to the framing carrying the excentric or cranked shaft, and to
the end of the rods carrying the tools by a pin, or the guide may be a

page_text: radius rod, one end secured to a pin in the framing and the other secured
to the end of the rod carrying the tool.
The machine may be driven directly by a direct-action enginė
attached thereto, or the shaft carrying the cranks or excentrics may
carry also a pulley and fly wheel which may receive the driving power
from any other source, and thus drive the tools. This shaft, with
excentrics, rods, and tools is to be mounted on a suitable frame which
may be stationary when worked as a stone dresser. The stone may be
moved under the tool as desired upon a movable table.
When used as a groove cutter in a quarry or coal pit the machine or
apparatus is moved along a suitable traverse in accordance with the
kind of material to be cut.
The depth of cut is determined by the travel of the excentrics or
throw of the crank, and upon the same shaft several such excentrics or
cranks having different throws may be put.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DISCONNECTING THE TENDER AND ENGINE FROM RAILWAY TRAINS WHEN THERE IS AN IMPENDING COLLISION, OR FOR ANY OTHER NECESSITY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Wallwork at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
June 1874.
I, RICHARD WALLWORK, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
AND APPARATUS FOR DISCONNECTING THE TENDER AND ENGINE FROM RAILWAY
TRAINS WHEN THERE IS AN IMPENDING COLLISION, OR FOR ANY OTHER NECESSITY,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying to the backs of the tenders.
of locomotive engines hooks capable of being disconnected when there
is an impending collision, or for any other necessity, and thus enable
the carriages of the train to be disconnected from the engine and
tender.
The body or back of the hook which passes loosely in a socket fixed to
the tender has in it a hole or slot; and central with this hole or slot
there is a bolt having at one end a rack geared into a pinion or toothed
wheel on a shaft having on it a lever which can be turned by the engine
driver or stoker.

page_text: When there is an impending collision, or if from any other necessity the
engine and tender have to be detached from the train, if the lever is
turned one way the wheel and rack withdraws the bolt from the hook,
and the train is disconnected from the tender, and at the same instant
a whistle or signal having a peculiar or distinct sound from the ordinary
whistle is called into action to give the guard notice of the danger and
disconnection. When the hook has again to be attached to the tender,
it has simply to be placed in its socket, and the lever turned in the
reverse direction to bolt the hook; and when desired this apparatus can
also be applied to the engine itself.
A NEW OR IMPROVED STEAM TRAP
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Shann at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1874.
I, GEORGE SHANN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED STEAM TRAP," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved arrangement or con-
struction of steam trap, and which may be constructed to act at the same
time as an escape or loaded safety valve to prevent the pressure of steam
in the apparatus to which the trap is attached from rising above a
previously determined limit.
The steam trap consists of an upright chamber or vessel closed at its
upper end by an elastic diaphragm or plate of metal or other suitable
material, and so secured in its position as to be steam-tight. At its
lower end the chamber or vessel is closed by a valve, the spindle of
which passes upwards through the chamber and is connected with the
diaphragm. To either end or other convenient part of the valve spindle

page_text: is attached a weighted lever or suitably arranged spring or combination
of springs which assist in regulating the action of the valve.
The steam pipes or other apparatus from which the water or condensed
steam is to be removed, communicate with the chamber of the steam
trap by a branch or port placed preferably in the side thereof, and the
weight on the lever or tension or compression of the spring or springs is
so adjusted with reference to the steam pressure and the relative areas of
the valve and diaphragm exposed to that steam pressure, and also with
reference to the weight of the valve itself and its connexions, that as
long as steam only is in the chamber the valve is held up to its seat, but
when a certain amount of water has accumulated in the chamber, the
additional load on the valve due to the water above it causes the valve to
open and discharge so much of the water as will reduce the pressure on
the valve sufficiently to allow it to close again. Or when the valve is
designed to act as an escape or loaded safety valve the areas of the valve
and of the diaphragm exposed to steam pressure and the weight on the
lever or the tension or compression of the spring or springs herein-before
mentioned is so proportioned that the valve opens either when a certain
amount of water has accumulated above it or when steam of a pressure
higher than the pressure previously determined upon as a limit is
admitted to the chamber.
IMPROVED FITTING OF MASTS AND SPARS ON BOARD SHIP, AND ARRANGEMENTS OF APPLIANCES TO FACILITATE SETTIng and Taking IN SAILS ON SHIPS SO FITTED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Southwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
October 1874.
I, WILLIAM SOUTHWOOD, of Guilford Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED FITTING OF MASTS AND SPARS ON BOARD
SHIP, AND ARRANGEMENTS OF APPLIANCES TO FACILITATE SETTIng and Taking IN
SAILS ON SHIPS SO FITTED," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a special method of fitting masts and
spars on board ship; and secondly, to arrangements of appliances for
effecting the setting and taking in of sails of ships so fitted without the
necessity of men going aloft, the object being also to give greater
strength to the hull, greater facility in working the sails, and with less
labour.
My Invention consists in fitting spars preferably of metal to the sides
or decks of vessels, which may be made to continue down to the kelson.
These spars carry tubes and frames for carrying sails, which sails or
frames can be actuated from the deck. These vertical frames have tubes

page_text: placed upon them, from or upon which the winding or unwinding of
ropes or chains thereto or therefrom can be effected for regulating the
width of the sails. The spar tubes can be dispensed with, and the sails
be wound round the spars.
I propose to employ a series of such spars round a central mast i
(forming a support to them and the frames) in connection with a capstan
or capstans. Ropes or chains may be fixed to the upper part of the
central mast from the hull to strengthen it.
The tubes on each spar frame have an independent motion for
actuating the sails, which are attached to the centre tube, and also by 1
cords or chains to the side tubes, and can be partially unfurled or furled,
or wholly so at pleasure.
I propose fitting whelp or other wheels tightly upon the sail frames
to lead or carry an endless chain or rope, so that each series round each
main mast may be set at one time to the angle required. I fix the 1
lower capstans when same is required to the central mast and frame
spars at such heights from the deck as may be desirable for proper
headway.
According to the foregoing it will be seen that the central mast or
spar as well as the other spars are fitted to the vessel's hull; that the 2
side spars have tubes, and also a frame for carrying other tubes, to
which the sails, cords, or chains are attached, so that when these tubes
are actuated they wrap the cords or chains upon them, and draw the
sails away from the spar tube to spread them, or vice versa.
or frames may also be set to any angle of the wind required.
The sails
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARS OR CARRIAGES FOR RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, OR ROADWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1874.-A communication from abroad by the
Reverend John Chatfield Nobles, of Elmira, New York, United
States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARS OR CARRIAGES
FOR RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, OR ROADWAYS," a communication, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to carriages or cars moved by automatic or
self-contained power upon or within them, and consists in various
peculiarities of construction and arrangement of parts, whereby the
application of power to such vehicles is effected in a more advantageous
manner than heretofore, so as to adapt the cars to said ways.
The said Invention is especially designed to furnish a carriage or car
to be used in place of the horse cars or vehicles employed upon street
railways, tramways, or roadways, and which shall be free from all the
objectionable features which have hitherto been considered inseparable

page_text: used in the smaller cylinder, and then expanded in the large cylinder.
In combination with these cylinders is employed a condenser, consisting
of a series of tubes, into which the expanded steam is admitted, and
wherein it is condensed, so that no steam or vapor escapes into the
atmosphere, and the blast is avoided, and great economy in working
effected.
The engines are preferably arranged below the carriage body and
between the wheels of the carriage, and connected directly to cranks on
the driving shaft of the carriage.
The condensers may be placed under or at the sides of the carriage
and carried up the ribs to the upper part. To facilitate this arrangement
the carriages are constructed with strong circular or elliptical ribs of
T iron.
The carriage or car may have a pair of driving wheels arranged to run
on two rails of any suitable form, as in ordinary railways or tramways,
or with one or more central wheels, to which the power is applied,
running on a central rail in combination with two or four wheels
running on an asphalt or stone tramway, or on a common road, the
weight on the driving and bearing wheels being capable of adjustment,
as required.
The carriage may also be constructed to admit of a body being
attached to a frame on wheels, or a truck containing the boiler engine
and other apparatus.
Also for facilitating the passage around curves a bogey may be
employed at either end, or each end may be articulated or suitably
connected to the central portion containing the power.
The source of power may be steam generated at high pressure, or
surcharged or superhcated, so as to admit of economic working by
expansion and condensation; or it may be derived from the successive
explosion of hydrocarbon vapours and air by means of apparatus
resembling the gas engines, whereby power is conveniently generated in
small space.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COKING CARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Watson Ormiston, of Shotts, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Manager to the Shotts Iron Company, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COKING CARBONACEOUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 21st December 1874, and dated the 16th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Watson Ormiston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th October 1874.
I, JOHN WATSON ORMISTON, of Shotts, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Manager to the Shotts Iron Company, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
COKING CARBONACEOUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
1
This Invention which relates to improvements in the arrangement or
construction and working of apparatus for coking coal and other

page_text: carbonaceous substances, has for its object to effect economy in coking
operations by collecting the volatile substances.
The apparatus whereby this object is effected consists of a vertical
chamber having a flue or flues surrounding the same. The vertical
chamber is that whereinto the substances to be coked are placed, and at &
its upper part it is connected to an hydraulic main into which the
volatile substances pass and are collected as they are given off during the
coking operation. The lower part of the coking chamber has another
chamber provided, with a fire-grate connected to it, and from the upper
part of the hydraulic main a pipe leads to the fire-grate, so that the 1
uncondensible volatile substances may be taken therefrom when required
for being burnt in the chamber.
In operating with the improved.apparatus it is heated at the inside by
burning a portion of the volatile substances, and when raised to as high
a heat as necessary the substances to be coked, which are preferably in a ]
ground or pulverised state, are charged into the coking chamber and the
chamber is then closed. The volatile substances are immediately driven.
off by the heat of the chamber and collected, and so soon as these
substances cease to be given off, the coking operations being then
completed, the bottom is drawn and the coke discharged. The apparatus 2
is then ready for being reheated, and the same succession of operations
are repeated continuously.
:
In place of taking the cases, direct from a hydraulic mein they may he
IMPROVEMENTS IN PETROLEUM HEATING AND COOKING STOVES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Lotz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1874.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK LOTz, of 19, Carter Lanc, Saint Paul's
Churchyard, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PETROLEUM HEATING AND COOKING
STOVES," to be as follows:-
These improvements in petroleum heating and cooking stoves consist
as follows:-
Firstly. In protecting the petroleum reservoir from the accession of
heat by an air chamber partly isolating the burner from the reservoir by
means of a supporting diaphragm for the burner which is kept at a
distance of about three-quarters of an inch from the upper part of the
oil reservoir, the only connection being by an annular ring "proceeding
from the outer edge of the diaphragm to the oil reservoir.
Secondly. Inclosing any connection round the wick holder with the
petroleum vapour, and surrounding this wick holder with a chambered
space of about three-quarters of an incl, but with air spaces in the

page_text: upper and lower plates of it for the access, circulation, and egress of
air.
-
Thirdly. In providing a metallic chimney in the shape of the glass
globe chimney, known as that of the Paragon lamp, and providing
therein a circular aperture, fitted with a plate of talc or other suitable
substance to allow the flame to be inspected.
Fourthly. In providing over these parts an annular jacket of iron,
metal, terra cotta, or other substance forming a support for the cooking
utensils or for a dome and chimney aperture when the stove is to be
used for heating purposes.
Fifthly. In combining for heating purposes two, three, or more
burners and chimneys as above, upon the same diaphragm as before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOWER POTS, TROUGHS, AND PLANT HOLDERS, AND IN THE MEANS OF SUPPLYING FLUIDS OR MOISTURE TO TREES, PLANTS, CUTTINGS, GROWING CROPS, AND SEEDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard George at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1874.
I, RICHARD GEORGE, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FLOWER POTS, TROUGHS, AND PLANT HOLDERS, AND IN THE MEANS OF SUPPLYING
FLUIDS OR MOISTURE TO TREES, PLANTS, CUTTINGS, GROWING CROPS, AND SEEDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in flower pots, troughs,
and plant holders for the purpose of supplying water, moisture, or
fertilizing fluid to the trees, plants, cuttings, or seeds contained therein,
whereby their growth is improved, and a constant and uniform supply
of moisture is ensured. For this purpose in the application of my
improvements to an ordinary clay flower pot I insert it in a conical or
cylindrical vessel of metal, wood, or glazed earthenware, the rim of the
pot resting upon the upper edge of the metal or other material, so that a
space for holding water is left between the bottom of the pot and the
bottom of the vessel. The upper edge or rim of the pot may with

page_text: advantage be painted or glazed. A piece of rope, sponge fabric, wood
or other fibrous material which will act by capillary attraction to raise
or conduct the water from the outer vessel to the interior of the flower
pot placed therein is passed through the hole in the bottom of the pot,
one end passing down into the water and the other passing up into the t
soil in the pot, by which means whilst any water remains in the lower
vessel it is gradually supplied by capillary attraction to the tree, plant,
or seed growing therein.
It is very advantageous to place at the bottom of the pot a quantity
of broken earthenware, pumice stone, or other coarse granulated 1
materials to form a drain for any surplus water fed up into the pot.
It is also desirable to place a little peat or other fibrous material above
the granulated substance forming the drain to prevent the soil from
filtering down into it; peat may also be placed with advantage on the
upper surface of the soil.
Troughs or other plant holders may also be combined with a con-
tinuous water supply by capillary attraction as previously described.
I also propose to apply the same principle of capillary attraction to
the supply of moisture to the hop plant or other plants, trees, or seeds,
either by means of pipes or reservoirs arranged adjacent thereto, so that
a constant supply of moisture or fertilizing fluids may be ensured to any
extent required.
Year: 1874

page_text: said box, and shape the two aforesaid sides rounded or convex through-
out their entire length, the said sides forming the depth of the box.
This forms the top part of the box, a portion of the said top being bent
down to form a closed end thereto; I then proceed to form the bottom
part of the box in which the matches are to be placed: This bottom
part is similarly shaped to the top part aforesaid, except that both ends
of the bottom part are turned up and closed. This bottom part fits
loosely in the top part, and is held in position therein so as to be easily
slidden in and out as required. The bottom part of the box is roughened
on the outside for striking or rubbing the matches upon for igniting
them, and the top part is indented to prevent the bottom from being
pushed entirely out. Sheet metal boxes when thus manufactured will
be found more convenient for use, less costly to manufacture, and not so
liable to cut or tear the pockets as the oblong angular sided match boxes
now in use.
INPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN FORMING MOULDS FOR THE CASTING OF METALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Farnsworth and Samuel
Sansom at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th November 1874.
We, SAMUEL FARNSWORTH, of Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham,
Engineer and Draughtsman, and SAMUEL SANSOM, of the said Mansfield,
Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"INPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN FORMING MOULDS FOR THE CASTING OF
METALS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is economy of labor and general facility in
the forming of moulds for the casting of metals. For this purpose the
moulding table is formed with a true surface, and is fitted to receive
the moulding boxes and the mould plate. The moulding boxes used are
fitted with pins on one half, and holes in the other, and are all in
duplicate.
The patterns are secured to a pattern plate, and are capable of sliding
baina azooth the counter.

page_text: part of the other, so that the sand is prevented from being pulled down
in the withdrawal of the pattern.
The pattern plate is capable of being slided up and down in the
framing, and is operated for this purpose by a pinion acting on a rack to
the table, such pinion being actuated by ordinary gear and hand wheel 5
or other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1874.
I, THOMAS WRIGHT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
.
This Invention, which relates to improvements in signalling on
railways, has for its object to operate such signals entirely by a passing
train or engine, and independently of a signalman. The apparatus or
mechanism by which this object is effected consists of a roller, striker,
or its mechanical equivalent fixed at a suitable point on the engine,
either at the side thereof or at or upon the portion of the engine
between the rails of the line of railway. In a line corresponding to
the position of the roller, striker, or its mechanical equivalent, a double
inclined plane is arranged consisting of two bars hinged together and
maintained in the inclined position by the action of springs or weights
beneath them. At the point where the bars are hinged together a rod

page_text: or link in connexion with the lever or levers by which the signal is
operated is attached. An engine or passing train provided with the
rollor, striker, or the mechanical equivalent thereof, on passing the
inclined plane mechanism depresses it, which thereby operating, the
signal mechanism elevates the signal, and so soon as the engine has 5
passed beyond the inclined plane mechanism the reaction of the springs
or weights below raises it again into its former position, the signal how-
ever being retained in the danger position by a catch until the engine or
train depresses the next succeeding system of inclined plane mechanism,
the raising of the signal in connexion with which lowers the signal 1
previously raised by the tension produced upon the wire connecting
them, which releases the catch by which the signal is upheld.
By means of the mechanical system herein-before described, ont si
of inclined planes are in the case of cross lines connected with.
required number of signals on the several crossing lines, which are 1
operated so as to simultaneously block the requisite lines previous to the
passing of the train or engine over the crossings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AIR TO BE EMPLOYED FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND FOR ACTUATING MACHINERY ON BOARD THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jolin O'Connell Cave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1874.
I, JOHN O'CONNELL CAVE, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AIR TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
PROPELLING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS, AND FOR ACTUATING MACHINERY ON BOARD
THE SAME," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in certain arrangements whereby air is
condensed in a simple and effectual manner so as to be capable of being
applied as a motive power. The whole or a portion of the cargo of the
ship or vessel, or of the ballast contained therein, is placed in a suitable
case or cases and suspended by means of chains or other appliances from
framework of the requisite strength, and so as always to preserve a
vertical position by reason of its gravity whatever may be the motion of
the ship or vessel. At the sides and above the case or cases so containing
the cargo or ballast cylinders are fixed to the ship or vessel or connected
therewith, having pistons working in an air-tight manner therein, and

page_text: the rods thereof being attached to or connected with the cargo or
ballast:
The cylinders are provided with apertures through which the air is
admitted into the same between the piston heads and the ends of the
cylinders. The latter are connected with air-tight reservoirs or a
receptacles, and are provided with suitable valves opening into the latter.
As the position of the ship or vessel changes by reason of its rolling or
pitching, the piston rods are actuated by the suspended cargo or ballast
and driven into the cylinders, the air in which is consequently forced
through the valves into the reservoirs or receptacles, and there condensed. 1
The air thus collected and condensed can then be applied as a motive
power for any purposes of propulsion or for actuating any machinery.
If preferred the cylinders may be attached to the suspended cargo or
ballast, the piston rods being connected with the ship or vessel, and the
air being driven through suitable pipes or channels into the reservoirs 1
or receptacles. Double-action cylinders and pistons may if desired be
employed instead of single-action cylinders and pistons as before
described.
The air collected and condensed may if desired be heated by any
suitable means for the for the purpose of giving a greater expansive power
to the same.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR PRODUCING COLD
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Carnegie Kirk, Engineer, of Glasgow,.
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and George Thomas
Beilby, Chemist, of Mid Calder, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS FOR PRODUCING
COLD,"
Sealed the 19th February 1875, and dated the 16th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by the said Alexander Carnegic
Kirk and George Thomas Beilby at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th December 1874.
We, ALEXANDER CARNEGIE KIRK, Engineer, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, and GEORGE THOMAS BEILBY,
Chemist, of Mid Calder, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR PRODUCING COLD," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the production of cold by means of

page_text: extremely simple apparatus, and in a better and more convenient manner
than any heretofore practised.
In carrying out the Invention the cold is produced by the evaporation
of liquefied ammonia in a vessel herein-after termed the evaporating
vessel, which is connected by a tube with another vessel herein-after
termed the absorbing vessel, the combination of vessels and tube being
hermetically closed when in use.
The Invention consists essentially in placing a suitable solid substance
in the absorbing vessel instead of a liquid as heretofore employed for the
purpose of absorbing the vaporised ammonia. The absorbent may
consist of charcoal, or of chloride of silver, or of chloride of calcium, or
of any solid substance having like these the properties of absorbing
large quantities of vaporised ammonia at ordinary temperatures, and of
giving off such ammonia again when heated to an extent short of
fusing it.
In order to prepare the apparatus for a fresh operation the absorbing
vessel is. subjected to a sufficient heat in any convenient, way, the
evaporating vessel being then kept cool the ammonia is by the heat
driven from the absorbing vessel and is liquefied in the evaporating
vessel; the absorbing vessel is next cooled and reabsorption takes place.
in it, whilst the ammonia is evaporated in the other vessel and produces
the cold desired. Both the ammonia and the absorbent employed must
be as free from water as possible.
Whilst the apparatus described or referred to may not be precisely the
same as apparatus previously used for a similar purpose, it is not
intended to make any claim for it, as the Invention can be carried out in
apparatus of various known constructions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR, INDICATING THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE PRO- PELLER SHAFTS OF STEAM SHIPS AND OTHER SHAFTS OR REVOLVING SURFACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Everitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1874.
I, WALTER EVERITT, of Teddington, in the County of Middlesex,
Watchmaker, do hereby declare: the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR, INDICATING THE REVOLUTIONS OF THE PRO-
PELLER SHAFTS OF STEAM SHIPS AND OTHER SHAFTS OR REVOLVING SURFACES," to
be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain a positive indication of the
number of revolutions made by the propeller shafts of steam ships or
other shafts or revolving surfaces during a given time.
Upon a shaft or axis geared with the shaft or axis, or other surface,
the revolutions of which are to be indicated, and arranged to travel at
the same or some proportional speed thereto, is applied an arm or tappet,
or eccentric, which at each revolution acts upon a driver to give a partial
rotation to a ratchet wheel, say, to a distance of one tooth. Upon the axis
of this wheel is applied a pointer, or otherwise, the extent of movement
is indicated by a dial plate. This ratchet wheel is borne with a tendency

page_text: to revolve in the opposite direction to that given by the driver by a
coiled spring, but it is held after each movement of its driver by a click
or stop, which is acted upon by a stud or releaser carried by an axis or
wheel of a clock or watch movement to release the indicator wheel, and
thus allow the indicator to return to a normal state or a starting point
at each given period of time, say one minute. The indicator thus
actuated in its movement comes in contact with another pointer or
indicator, when the two indicators travel together, making one indication,
until the first indicator is liberated by the lapse of the minute or other
period determined upon when that returns to its normal state or starting
point. The second indicator then remains for a short time indicating
the extent of revolutions which had been made during the last period.
This second indicator is applied to another ratchet or such like wheel
capable of being caused to rotate in the opposite direction to that which
it is caused to make by the action, as stated, of the first indicator_by a
coiled spring and is yet retained by a catch, which acts for a time to
hold that wheel and its indicator until that catch is released, in order
that the two indicators may again move together for a time as before.
In the event of the first indicator making an entire rotation during
the set period a stud on the wheel acts on one end of a lever to release
the holder when the indicator returns to the starting point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS, AND OTHER FASTENINGS FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS AND JEWELLERY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franziscus Xaver Ferdinandus
Heilborn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd October-1874.
I, FRANZISCUS XAVER FERDINANDUS HEILBORN, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS, AND OTHER
FASTENINGS FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS AND JEWELLERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
connecting together and disconnecting the parts of such solitaires,
sleeve links, and other like fastenings as are composed of two detachable
studs or discs.
According to my Invention I fix at the back of the front part or stud
of the solitaire a tubular stem, having at its end a cross bar, and I fix
on the inner face of the back part or stud a socket consisting of a flat
tube having a central cylindrical part of larger diameter than the outer
parts. Into the said central part of the socket the stem on the front stud
enters, and into the narrow outer parts of the socket the cross bar of
the stem enters. The stem and cross bar can only slide in their respective

page_text: parts of the socket described, excepting as hercin-after explained. At the
bottom of the socket, on the back part, and at its junction with the said
back part, are two slots of a size proper to receive the ends of the cross bar
on the stem of the front part; these slots although situated on opposite
sides of the socket are not situated opposite one another, one of them
being made in one of the narrow outer parts of the socket, and in
the central part of the socket, and the other slot being similarly situated
in the other narrow part and central part of the socket. When the
stem of the front part is introduced into the socket of the back part
and depressed by a sliding motion therein, the ends of the cross bar of
the stem are respectively brought opposite, the slots in the socket, and
by giving the front part of the solitaire a twisting motion or a motion
through a quadrant the ends of its cross bar enter the said slots, and
lock or fasten the two parts of the solitaire securely together.
By giving a twisting motion in a contrary direction to that described
to the front part of the solitaire the ends of its cross bar pass out of the
slots described into the narrow outer parts of the socket, the two parts
of the solitaire are thereby unfastened, and they may be separated by a
sliding motion.
By the arrangement or combination of parts described a spring is
rendered unnecessary, the locking and unlocking of the parts being
effected by a twisting motion of one or other of the two parts of the
solitaire. or other like fastening.