Improvements in Milling Metals and in Milling Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application. 8th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1894-Accepted, 8 h Dec.. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Milling Metals and in Milling Machines.
I, WILLIAM WILSON HULSE, of The Ordsal Works, Salford, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has reference to an improved mode of milling metal according to
which the milling cutter and the work are so arranged and operated relatively to
each other that the work is fed sideways to and fro across the periphery of the
milling cutter. In order that the direction of cutting may be reversed to avoid an
idle return or back stroke, and this without changing the direction of rotation of
the milling cutter, such cutter is made to cut at each side, the two sides acting
alternately. The cutting edge of the milling cutter is made curved or straight
according to the requirements of the work to be done.
When
When milling a flat surface, the work, or the cutter, is fed in a lateral direction
and parallel to the axis of the milling spindle, first in the one direction so that
the cutting edges on one side of the milling cutter will be in action, and then in
the opposite direction so that the cutting edges at the other side of the cutter will
be in action, the feed being effected after each sideway cutting traverse.
milling work mounted to turn about an axis, the milling cutter is arranged to
revolve either at right angles to the axis about which the work turns, or parallel
therewith. For producing circular, or polygonal or irregular shaped bodies capable
of being continuously rotated and milled according to a copy or model with which
the machine is provided, the milling cutter may be arranged with its axis parallel
to the axis about which the work turns.
As will be obvious my invention can be carried out in milling machines of
various forms, suitable means being provided for feeding the work and the milling
cutter relatively to each other so that the milling will be effected in the manner
hereinbefore explained.
To obviate the necessity of extending the driving shaft in an outward or upward
direction beyond the driving wheel therefor as heretofore usual in horizontal
milling machines of the planing machine type and vertical milling machines in
which provision is made for considerable traverse of the milling cutter, the milling
spindle is made hollow and held endways by bearings in the headstock, and the
driving shaft is arranged within and keyed or feathered to the spindle so as to be
capable. of driving the same. The driving shaft at its outer end passes through
a fixed bearing and through a driving wheel to which it is keyed and by which it is
rotated.
In a modified arrangement of vertical milling machine, the milling spindle is mounted
vertically in a slide capable of vertical adjustment and driven by gearing from a vertical
shaft which in turn is driven by a belt led around suitable guide pulleys to a driving
pulley in connection with cone pulleys by which the speed of the milling cutter
can be varied to suit requirement. In this case the pinion on the vertical driving
shaft may be made sufficiently long to permit of the vertical movement of the
toothed wheel on the milling spindle, or it may be short and be arranged to slide
upon the said shaft. The slide, may be carried by a headstock capable of vertical
adjustment upon the machine frame to adapt the machine to mill articles of
varying depths.
In anotlier construction of milling machine according to this invention, adapted
for milling slots in or through cylinders, the work table is oscillated about an axis
corresponding to that of the cylinder to be operated upon, the extent of oscillating

page_text: 1
movement being capable of being varied according to the length of the arc of the
slot to be made. This may be effected by means of a reciprocating rack geared
into a wheel attached to the table and with which the ordinary crank mechanism
and rod are connected, or the connecting rod may be connected to another wheel
or segment that gears with the one attached to the table and adapted to oscillate
the table to the desired extent, which in some cases may be equal to a third of a
circle, or may be quite short. In the latter case the connecting rod of the crank
mechanisin may be applied directly to the table without the intervention of the
reciprocating rack, or the second toothed wheel or segment.
At the end of each to and fro oscillatory movement of the work, the cutter for
example a milling cutter or a slot drill, is automatically depressed so that in time
the wall of the cylinder will be perforated; or the milling cutter may be made to
machine the sides and ends of a slot roughly cast in the cylinder or work.
Where several slots are. to be formed or machined in a cylinder or other body,
several independently driven cutters may be provided each carried by an
independently adjustable headstock or slide.
r
In order to obtain the great variety of speeds required when dealing with
different diameters of work and length of slots, a second counter-shaft is provided
on the machine.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Milling Metals and in Milling Machines.
I, WILLIAM WILSON HULSE, of The Ordsal Works, Salford, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to an improved mode of milling metal according to
which the milling cutter and the work are so arranged and operated relatively to
each other that the work is fed sideways to and fro across the periphery of the
milling cutter. In order that the direction of cutting may be reversed to avoid an
idle return or back stroke, and this without changing the direction of rotation of
the milling cutter, such cutter is made to cut at each side, the two sides acting
alternately. The cutting edge of the milling cutter is made curved or straight
according to the requirements of the work to be done.
When milling a flat surface, the work, or the cutter, is fed in a lateral direction
and parallel to the axis of the milling spindle, first in the one direction so that the
cutting edges on one side of the milling cutter will be in action, and then in the
opposite direction so that the cutting edges at the other side of the cutter will be
in action the feed being effected after each sideway cutting traverse.
Wben
milling work mounted to turn about an axis, the milling cutter is arranged to
revolve either at right angles to the axis about which the work turns, or parallel
therewith. For producing circular, or polygonal or irregular shaped bodies
capable of being continuously rotated and milled according to a copy or model
with which the machine is provided, the milling cutter may be arranged with its
axis parallel to the axis about which the work turns.
As will be obvious my invention can be carried out in milling machines of various
forms, suitable means being provided for feeding the work and the milling cutter
relatively to each other so that the milling will be effected in the manner berein-
before explained.

page_text: .
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation showing a construction of milling machine in which
the milling can be effected in the manner set forth.
1 is the rotary milling cutter having its periphery of curved form in cross
section and made to cut at each side. It is fixed upon a spindle 2 that is arranged
horizontally and rotated by the cone pulley 3. 4 is a piece of work to be milled.
It is fixed upon a compound slide rest 5, 5 that is capable of being automatically
moved to and fro on the table 6 in a direction parallel to the milling spindle 2, and
the upper part 5 of which is also capable of being moved on the lower part 5 in a
direction at right angles to the axis of the milling spindle to produce the feed after
each sideways cutting traverse. The to and fro movement of the compound slide
rest can be effected by a screw that engages the slide rest and is geared by toothed
wheels 7 to a horizontal driving spindle 8 which is driven alternately in opposite
directions from a rotary vertical spindle 9 through reversing mechanism 10 which
is brought automatically into action, as the slide rest approaches the end of its
travel in each direction, by an arm 11 on the slide rest abutting alternately
against two tappets 12, 12 on a rod 13 connected with the reversing lever 14.
The intermittent feeding movement of the upper part 5 of the slide rest, may be
effected either by hand or automatically by suitable feed mechanism or ratchet
action in a manner that will be readily understood without drawings.
To obviate the necessity of extending the driving shaft in an outward or
upward direction beyond the driving wheel therefor, as heretofore usual in
horizontal milling machines of the planing machine type, and vertical milling
machines in which provision is made for considerable traverse of the milling
cutter, the milling spindle is made hollow and beld end ways by bearings in the
headstock, and the driving shaft is arranged within and keyed or feathered to the
spindle so as to be capable of driving the same. The driving shaft at its outer
end passes through a fixed bearing and through a driving wheel to which it is
keyed and by which it is rotated.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of so much of a vertical milling machine as is necessary
to illustrate this part of my invention.
15 is the hollow vertical milling spindle held endways in the bearings 16 of the
headstock 17, and 18 is the driving shaft arranged to move axially within and
keyed or feathered to the spindle 15 so as to rotate the same.
19 is a fixed
bearing in which the upper end of the driving shaft 18. is mounted so that it
can rotate but not move endways. 20 is a driving wheel fixed to the said shaft.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation showing this part of my invention applied to a
horizontal milling machine, like parts in the two figures, viz. Figs. 2 and 3, being
marked with the same reference figures.
In a modified arrangement of vertical milling machine shown in side elevation
in Figs. 34 and 3B, the milling spindle 2 is mounted vertically in a slide 17 capable
of vertical adjustment and driven by a toothed wheel 2" and a pinion 18" from a
vertical shaft 18 provided with a pulley 20 whereby it can be driven by a belt led
around suitable guide pulleys to a driving pulley in connection with cone pulleys by
which the speed of the milling cutter can be varied to suit requirement. In this case,
the pinion 18 on the vertical driving shaft 18 may be made sufficiently long to
permit of the vertical movement of the toothed wheel 2ª on the milling spindle 2,
as shown in Fig. 3^, or it may be short and be arranged to slide upon the said
shaft as shown in Fig. 3. In the example shown the slide 17 is arranged to
slide in vertical guides in the machine frame, but it may obviously be carried if
desired by a headstock capable of vertical adjustment upon the said machine frame
in order to adapt the machine to mill articles of varying depths.
Figs. 4 and 5 are front and side elevations showing another construction of
milling machine, according to this invention, adapted for milling slots in or through
cylinders. In this machine, the work table 21 is mounted to oscillate about an axis
corresponding to that of the cylinder or work 22 to be operated upon, the extent
of oscillating movement being capable of variation according to the length of the

page_text: arc of the slot to be made. The oscillation of the table and work is effected, in
the example shown, by means of a rack 23 which gears into a wheel 24 secured to
the table 21, and is reciprocated by a rod 25 from ordinary crank mechanism 26.
By varying the throw of the crank pin in this mechanism, the extent of oscillation
of the table can be varied. Or the connecting rod 25 instead of being connected
to a rack 23, may be connected to a wheel or segment (not shown) that gears with the
wheel 24 attached to the table, and is adapted to oscillate the table to the desire.!
extent, which in some cases may be equal to a third of a circle and in other cases
may be quite short. In the latter cases the connecting rod 25 may be applied
directly to the table without the intervention of the reciprocating rack 23, or the
second toothed wheel or segment.
At the end of each to and fro oscillatory movement of the cylinder 22, the
vertically adjustable slide 27" on which is mounted the headstock 27 carrying the
cutter 27, for example a milling cutter, or a slot drill, is automatically depressed
to enable a fresh cut to be taken, and the cutter is moved relatively towards the
work at the required times, so that finally the wall of the cylinder 22 will be
perforated; or the milling cutter may be made to machine the sides and ends of a
slot roughly cast in the cylinder or work 22.
The intermittent vertical adjustment of the slide 27 may be effected by
mechanism such as is commonly used for this purpose in machine tools, and
operated from a suitable moving part of the machine in a manner that will be
readily understood without drawings.
Suitable feeding mechanism for automatically moving the cutter 27 towards the
work 22, is shown in Figs. 4 and 5 which are similar views to Figs. 4 and 5 but
with some of the parts shown in these latter figures removed for the sake of
clearness. It comprises a rotary cam 26" driven by the crank mechanism 26 and
arranged to actuate a bell crank lever 26" and ratchet mechanism 26" from which
an intermittent motion is transmitted to the horizontally movable headstock 27"
and cutter spindle 27, through a shaft 26, bevel gearing 26, shaft 26', bevel
gearing 26, shaft 26", bevel gearing 26' and feed screw 26k which is connected
with the said headstock 27 in a manner well understood.
Where several slots are to be formed or machined in a cylinder 22 or other
body, several independently driven cutters 27 may be provided, each carried by an
independently adjustable headstock 27" and slide 27ª.
In order to obtain the great variety of speeds required when dealing with
different diameters of work and length of slots, the machine is constructed with a
second counter shaft 28 carried by a standard 29 and provided with fast and loose
pulleys 30 and 30 respectively and with a cone pulley 31 from which motion is
transmitted to the working parts of the machine through the cone pulley 32.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. The herein described mode of milling metal according to which the milling
cutter and the work are so arranged and operated relatively to each other that the
work is fed sideways to and fro across the periphery of the milling cutter which is
made to cut at each side, the two sides acting alternately, substantially as herein-
before described for the purpose specified.
2. A milling machine having a milling cutter and a work support constructed
and arranged to operate substantially as herein before described with reference to
and shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings annexed, or modified as set forth.
3. A milling machine in which the milling spindle is made hollow and held
endways by bearings in a headstock, and the driving shaft is arranged within the
spindle and is keyed or feathered thereto so as to drive the same, the said driving
shaft being arranged to pass at its outer end through a fixed bearing and through
a driving wheel by which it is rotated, substantially as herein before described
with reference to and shown in Fig. 2 and in Fig. 3 of the drawings annexed.

page_text: 4. The modised arrangement of milling machine in which the milling spindle is
mounted vertically in a slide capable of vertical adjustment and is rotated by
toothed pinions from a vertical shaft driven by a belt led around suitable guide
pulleys to a driving pulley in connection with cone pulleys, whether the pinion on
the vertical driving shaft be made fast therewith and sufficiently long to permit of
the vertical movement of the toothed wheel on the milling spindle, or be short and
be arranged to slide upon the said shaft, substantially as herein described.
5. For milling slots in or through work of a cylindrical form, a milling machine
in which the work table is mounted to oscillate about an axis corresponding to that
of the work to be operated upon and at right angles to that of the cutter, and
there is provided in connection with such work table, mechanism whereby the work
table can be oscillated and the extent of oscillation varied, and whereby at the end
of each oscillatory movement, the cutter can be automatically moved relatively to
the work, substantially as herein described with reference to and shown in Figs. 4
and 5 of the drawings annexed, or modified as set forth.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.