Improvements in or relating to Type-writing Machines, Type-setting Machines, Matrix-making Machines, Linotyping Machines, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Type-writing Machines, Type-setting
Machines, Matrix-making Machines, Linotyping Machines, and
the like.
A communication from abroad by THADDEUS CAHILL, of New York City, State
of New York, United States of America,
I, JOHN EDWARD LLOYD BARNES, of the Firm of Sloan & Lloyd Barnes, of
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention is applicable generally to type-writing machines, type-setting
machines, matrix-making machines and linotype machines. The object of my
invention is to increase the amount of work which can be done in a given time with
such an instrument, by enabling the operator to make two letters simultaneously.
And my invention consists in the parts, improvements and combinations hereinafter
described and claimed. 1 shall fist describe iny invention as applied to a type-
writing machine, and will then point out how it may be used in type-setting
machines and other similar instruments.. Indeed, when once the invention and the
mode of applying it to a type-writing machine has been made clear, its applicability
to matrix-making, linotyping and other type-setting machines will be obvious.
The accomplishment of the object before mentioned, to-wit, inaking two letters
at the same time, has been attempted heretofore, in type-writing machines, in a
variety of ways. Thus, in type-writing machines having type-wheels, type-plates
or type-forms, it has been attempted (a) by furnishing the type-form with word-
charactere, as in the Patent of the United States of America to Blickensderfer,
No. 457,333, dated August 4, 1891, or the Patent of the United States of America
to Garner and Laganke, No. 375,062, dated Decembor 20, 1887; (b) by furnishing
the type-form with compound or double-letter characters, as in the Patent of the
United States of America to Thaddeus Cahill, No. 531,904, dated January 1, 1895;
and (c) by employing co-operating type-forms, arranged so that they print con-
secutive letters of a word simultaneously at adjacent printing-points, as in the
Patent of the United States of America to Eckels, No. 466,490, dated January 5,
1892, or in the Patent of the United States of America to Thaddeus Cahill,
No. 541,222, dated June 18, 1895, British Letters Patent No. 11,803, dated
June 18, 1895. And in type-bar machines, the same object has been attempted (a) by
furnishing certain of the bars with word-characters; (b) by furnishing certain of
the bars with compound or double-letter characters; and (c) by employing two sets
of hars, arranged in circular arcs, the bars of each set being arranged so that they
strike to a printing-point, common to such sot, and the printing-points of the two
aets being adjacent to each other and on the same line of printing, as in the Patent
of the United States of America to Orpen, No. 297,086, dated April 15, 1884.
In employing word characters, or double-letter characters whether in machines
of the type-form variety or of the type-bar variety, a moderate increase in the speed
of operation necessarily involves a great increase in the complexity of the machine.
Indeed, any very great increase in the number of characters, whether simple
characters or compound characters, is for obvious reasons undesirable, if not
impracticable, and yet a great number of word-characters, or double-letter
charactere, must necessarily be employed, in order to effect any very great increase

page_text: speed. In other plans of making two letters at the same time, (a) by employing
co-operating type-forms, printing consecutive letters at adjacent printing-points,
and (b) by employing two sets of type-bars, printing at adjacent printing-points,
also involve a very material increase in the complexity of the machine, in the
number of moving parts, their weight, the distances through which they must be
moved, and the power required to impel them. Such plans increase greatly the
complexity of the machine, the power required to operate it, and the facility of
breaking down.
My present invention differs radically from all the plans before mentioned. It
proceeds upon a new principle. It is well known that good machines, both of the
type-bar variety and of the type-form variety, are capable, so far as the mechanism
of the machines themselves is concerned, of very rapid operation. They are capable
ordinarily, so far as their own mechanical construction is concerned, of writing from
150 to 200 words a minute, and could be made to write more rapidly. The difficulty
is in the operator's making the necessary movements, (to-wit, a movement for each
letter and another for each interverbal space,) in succession, with the requisite
rapidity, and in exerting the greatly increased force which such rapid movements
of the type-bars or type-form involve. I obviate or reduce these difficulties. The
operator makes two letters, by my invention, at the same time, but the mechanism
selects, produces or prints such letters in rapid succession. And the whole is so
contrived, in the preferred form, that the power required to operate the printing
mechanism, or the letter-selecting devices is furnished by a dynamo or battery, so
that the operator has only to touch light keys, which, moving through small
distances, close the necessary electric circuits. My invention is applicable equally
to type-form type-writing machines and to type-bar type-writing machines, and to
all the usual sorts of type-setting, linotyping and matrix-making machines. And
it may be carried out either by electrical devices, which is my preferred form, or
by mechanical devices, without the aid of electricity. I shall first describe my
preferred form of type-writing machine, in which type-bars and electrical mechanism
are employed, and after the preferred form of my invention, as applied to a type-
writing machine, has been made clear, I shall describe other forms of muy invention
and shall point out how said invention may be applied to linotyping, matrix-making
and other type-setting machines.
In many type-writing machines, there is a key for every character. In other
type-writing machines in common use, each key serves for two, or in some cases for
three characters. In all these common types of machine, however, a large number
of keys is employed. In some other types of machine, a small number of keys is
made to serve for a large number of characters. The machines patented to
Thaddeus Cahill by Letters Patent of the United States of America, No. 502,700,
dated August 8, 1893, No. 531,904, dated January 1, 1895 and No. 541,222, dated
June 18, 1895, as also British Patent No. 11,803, dated June 18, 1895, may be
mentioned as examples of machines in which a few keys are made to print a large
number of characters. Such a device, by which a small number of keys, acting in
various permutations or combinations is made to produce a large number of letters,
each as desired, may properly be termed, (and is sometimes in this specification
termed,) a permutational letter-selecting device, or desiguated by other similar
language. Importaut features of my present invention are applicable equally to
machines having a key for every character and to inachines having a few keys,
serving for many characters. But as I employ two groups of keys, which are
acted upon simultaneously by the operator, so that a letter is made on each
at the same time, it becomes very important to reduce the number of keys of each
group
group to the smallest practicable number; and the preferred form of my invention,
illustrated in the drawings, is 50 arranged and contrived that a small number of
keys serves for each hand to print a large number of letters. In other words,
1 prefer to use, in the carrying out of may invention, permutational letter-selecting
devices, and the combination of such devices with other parts, as set forth in the
statement of claim at the end hereof, constitutes an important portion of my

page_text: invention; but I do not limit myself to the use of permutational letter-selecting
devices, for much of my invention may be practiced without them.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure is a diagrammatic view, with the key-boards in plan, illustrating the
electrical connections of a set of keys and magnets, employed in carrying out my
invention; and in this figure the mechanical details of construction and of form
and position of parts are disregarded in order to illustrate the electrical connections
as simply as possible; and the major portion of the connection-changing device,
elsewhere clearly illustrated, is entirely omitted;
Figure 2 is a plan view illustrating the mechanical arrangement of the keys,
circuit-controlling frames and coacting contact-pieces; and in this figure, as in
Figure 1, important portions of the circuit-chauging device, elsewhere clearly
illustrated, are omitted;
Figures 24, 2B and 20, are sectional views, partly in elevation, on the lines xx, x¹¹,
and 22, respectively, Figure 2;
Figure 2 is intended to illustrate the relation subsisting between the various
keys and the circuit-controlling frames, E6 and E7, hereinafter described, and
the construction of the keys, formed each partly of wood and partly of conducting
metal;
Figure 2, is intended to illustrate the relation between the various keys and the
conducting strips, f4 and 5, hereinafter described; aud
Figure 20 is intended to illustrate the relation normally subsisting between the
various keys and the circuit-closing frames, D6 and E 7, on the one hand, and
the contact-pieces with which they close circuit, on the other hand, and particularly
to make clear the fact that the various keys are normally out of connection with
the corresponding contact-pieces, while the circuit-closing frames D6 and E7,
are normally in connection with the contact-pieces corresponding to them, (except
as they are kept out of connection by the circuit-changing device hereinafter
described);
Figure 3 is a sectional view, partly in elevation, through the center of a type-
writing machine, constructed according to the preferred plan of my invention, the
plane of section being parallel to the length of the keys and transverse to the paper-
carriage, and in this view, a few only of the electro-magnets, with the corresponding
type-bars aud intermediate parts are iHustrated, the major portion being omitted
for greater clearness and convenience; and the major part of the counection-
changing device is omitted also;
Figure 4 is a detail view, partly in section, partly in elevation, on the lines 2,2,
Figures 2 and 3, illustrating the connection-changing device hereiubefore referred
to and hereinafter described;
Figure 5 is a detail rear elevation, illustrating the spacing mechanism;
Figures 6, 7 and 8, are detail views illustrating the construction of the main-
frame which I prefer to use in applying my invention to a type-writing machine;
Figure 6 is a top view, illustrating the top-plate of the machine, with the ring
attached to the top-plate and serving to support the flanges or hangers by which
the levers hereinafter described, operated by the electro-magnets and serving to
transmit motion to the type-bars, are supported;
Figure 7 is a detail top-view, illustrating the magnet-carrying ring, attached to
the bed-plate; and
Figure 8 is a detail view, partly in elevation, partly in section, illustrating the
construction by which the principal parts of the main-frame are bound together.
Figures 1 to 8 inclusive illustrate the preferred construction of my invention, as
applied to a type-writing machine; the remaining figures illustrate modified and
alternative constructions.
Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view, similar to Figure 1, and illustrating a modified
construction in which the key-board is provided with a separate key for each type-
bar-operating electro-magnet, controlled by such key-board. This view illustrates
diagrammatically the arrangement of the circuits.

page_text: Figuro 10 18 & detail elevation, illustrating diagrammatically a modified circuit
changing device, suitable for use with a simplified arrangement of electric-circuits,
such as that of Figure 9.
Figure 11, which is a top view, and Figure 12, which is a detail sectional
elevation, on the line, Figure 11, illustrate a modification of the circuit-
changing device, such that the mechanical movement which effects the changing of
the circuits, is effected directly by the force applied to the keys, instead of being
effected by a key-controlled electric-circuit, as in the preferred device.
Figures 13, 14 and 15, are diagrammatic views illustrating a modification in
which two electro-magnets only are employed for printing, one being controlled by
the right-hand keys, and the other being controlled by the left-hand keys, instead
of employing a multiplicity of magnets, as in the before described devices.
Figure 13 is a diagrammatic plan view, partly in section, illustrating among
other things, the relation subsisting between the two key-boards and the type-bar-
Connected levers, which levers last mentioned correspond with the key-levers of
such machines as the Remington type-writer, or the Mergenthaler linotype
machine, for example;
Figure 14 is a diagrammatic sectional view in elevation, on the line,
Figure 13, illustrating the arrangement of parts by which a key is connected with
the corresponding power-operated lever; and
Figure 15 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation, on the line ' ', Figures 13,
and 1+ illustrating the power arrangenient and the electrical connections.
Figure 16 is a view similar to Figure 15, but illustrating a modified construction,
in which a mechanical arrangement of momentum-pieces is substituted for the
electro-magnetic power-devices.
Figure 17 is a diagrammatic view, similar to Figure 1, illustrating a modification
hereinafter described.
Figure 18 is a view similar to Figure 3, illustrating a modification hereinafter
described.
In all these various figures, the aim has been to make clear the essential
principles of the invention and the important features of construction, and to do
this the better, non-essential and immaterial details of construction, which form no
part of my invention, and of which one or more suitable forms are already well
known in the art, have been disregarded or omitted; the details of form, size and
proportion, even of the important parts have been varied, altered or departed from,
in many cases, to illustrate more clearly the essential principles of the invention.
And in several cases where there is a multiplicity of similar parts, a fow only have
been illustrated. This is particularly true of the devices illustrated in Figures 13,
14, 15 and 16. In these devices there would be, in practice, a large number of
keys in a set, (preferably, about forty in the right-hand set and somewhat more
than half that number in the left-hand set,) only a few of which are shown in the
drawings, the major part being omitted to avoid the cramping and obscurity which
would necessarily result from showing so many parts in so small a space. In
brief, the drawings are not made to scale, and non-essential mechanical details, and
details of number, size, forin and proportion, are constantly sacrificed for the sake
of greater clearness in illustrating the essential principles of the invention and the
leading features of construction.
My preferred form of type-writing machine, as illustrated in the drawings,
consists essentially of (a) a multiplicity of electro-magnets; (b) two groups or sets
of keys, one serving for the right-hand, and the other serving for the left-hand,
controlling said electro-magnets, each group consisting of a number of keys small
in comparison with the number of the inagnets controlled thereby; (c) type-bars
operated by the electro-magnets; (d) connections intermediate each group of keys
and the electro-magnets before mentioned; (e) a connection-changer whereby the
operative connections between the electro-magnets and the different sets of keys,
are changed or shifted in such a manner that the key or keys depressed of one set
are first connected with the electro-maguets and battery and then this connection

page_text: is broken, and the key or keys depressed of the other set are connected in turn
with the electro-magnets and battery, so that though the keys of the two sets are
depressed simultaneously, they print successively; (f) the usual paper-carriage;
and (g) suitable spacing mechanism. Some suitable form of ribbon-mechanism is
also employed, but as any suitable form may be used, and many forms are known,
I have not burdened the drawings with the illustration of any particular form.
Such is the preferred form of type-writing machine. But no very great importance
is attached to this preferred construction, and any one of a number of others, (as
will be seen more clearly when the whole of this specification has been perused,)
may be used instead.
The most important thing, however, that is new, so far as this specification is
concerned, in the device last above mentioned, is the feature of employing two
sets of keys and of making the letters successively from keys depressed simul-
taneously. The arrangement of type-bars disposed around a cirole and arranged
so that they strike to a common center and the carriage mechanism are old and
well known in the art. The idea of operating the type-bars by means of magnets,
is also old in the art. While therefore, it will be necessary to an understanding of
the device which I consider best for the carrying out of my invention, to describe
briefly a great part of a complete operative machine, I wish it to be clearly under-
stood at the outset that the principal novel foatures of the present invention, so
far as a type-writing machine is concerned, are (a) those which relate to the use of
two sets of keys or other suitable letter-selecting devices, actuated by the operator
simultaneously, and serving to produce their letters in rapid succession;
and (b) those which relate to the permutational lettor-selecting mechanism,
whereby a large number of circuits, each controlling a letter or other character, is
controlled by a comparatively small number of keys.
With this brief preliminary description, I shall now proceed to describe the
preferred device for carrying out my invention, as applied to a type-writing
machine. It will be borne in mind, however, that it is not the peculiar features of
this preferred device, which I am now about to describe in detail, but rather the
essential parts, improvements and combinations, set forth in the statement of claim
at the end hereof, in which my invention consists, to which I attach importance,
and for which I desire protection.
The main-frame consists essentially of (a) a bed-plate, marked A; (b) a magnet-
carrying ring, A¹; preferably of non-magnetic material, arranged concentric with
the circle of type-levers; (c) another ring, A.2, to which the flanges or hangers
are attached, which support the multiplying levere, operated by the electro-
magnets, and serving to transmit motion from the electro-magnets to the type-
levers; (d) the top-plate, A 3, of the machine, to which top-plate the various
type-levers, the carriage, etc., are connected in the usual manner; and (e) a bar or
frame, 2, attached to the bed-plate, A, and serving to support the various parts
belonging to the connection-changer hereinafter described. The top-plate, A 3,
has at the back a downward extension, A 41 which serves to support the spacing
mechanism. Columns or standards, A 4, A 4, fastened by bolte or machine-screws
to luge A 5, A 5, projecting from the bed-plate, A, and to other luge, A 6, A. 6,
projecting inwardly from the magnet-carrying ring, A', serve to support the
magnet-carrying ring, A', and its magnets. The ring, A 2, which supports the
levers connecting the magnets with their proper type-levers is screwed fast to
the top-plate, A3; and the top-plate is supported by columns, A. 7, A 7, attached
fast to the lugs, A 6, A 6, of the magnet-carrying ring, A', below, and to the top-
plate itself above. Thus the main-frame is bound together. The details of
construction of the main-frame, however, it is to be understood, are entirely
immaterial so far as the principle of my invention is concerned.
The type-bars, a, a, Figure 3, each of which carries an upper-case and a lower
case character, are supported by means of flanges or hangers, a', a', of any suitable
construction, screwed fast to the top-plate in the usual fashion. The electro-
maguete, b, b, each consists, essentially, of a fixed core, 6', boited fast to the

page_text: magnet-carrying ring, a movable core or armature, 62, and
coil of insulated
wire, 63, surrounding the parts & and 62. The wire is wound upon a hollow
tube, 4, provided with retaining heads. The armature 2 is connected with a
multiplying lever, 65, by a link, 66. Said multiplying lever, 65, is supported by
a flauge or hanger 67, screwed fast to the ring, A 2, and is connected by a
link, 68, with the corresponding type-carrying lever, a. The whole arrangement
is such that when the magnet is energized by passing an electric current through
the coil 63, the armature, 62, is attracted by the fixed core 6', and moves towards
it, so moving the multiplying lover, b5, and pulling upon the liuk, 68, which in
-turn pulls down the short end of the type-lever, a, and throws the type up forcibly
against the paper carried by the paper-roll, m. A contractile spring, 69, serves
to return the parts to their normal positions, when the circuit of the magnet is
broken.
I prefer to employ the arrangement of magnet illustrated in the drawing,
having a fixed core and a movable cylindrical armature, both lying inside the
energizing coil; for when properly constructed, this form of electro-magnet
reduces the disadvantageous magnetic leakage, gives a pull through a considerable
distance, and having its magnetic circuit largely of air, loses its magnetism
instantly the circuit is broken, and so works with great rapidity. I have found
it peculiarly advantageous for operating the type-bars; but any other suitable
form of electro-magnet, whatever, may of course, be substituted for it.
The enlarged heads, 621 aud 622, of the fixed core 6, and the armatifte b 2,
are made large so that they give a good return circuit through air for the
magnetic flux or lines of force. By this arrangement, the total reluctance of
the magnetic circuit is kept within moderate limits; and at the same time, the
magnetic circuit including an air return path for the flow of force, the device
magnetizes and demagnetizes very rapidly.
With this brief preliminary description of the mechanism, we will now consider
the arrangement of the electric circuite and the controlling keys. See particn-
larly Figures 1 and 2. There are two sets of keys, one of which is arranged in
convenient position to be operated by the right-hand, and the other of which is
arranged in convenient position to be operated by the left-hand. The right-hand
set and the left-hand set aro essentially similar. I shall first describe the
arrangement and connections of the right-hand set, and after that will briefly
explain the arrangement, etc., of the left-hand set.
The keys of the right-hand set, (and the same is equally true of the keys of the left-
hand set,) fall naturally into two groups. Those of the first group are marked D',D2,
D3, D4, aud D 5, and those of the second group are marked respectively E', E 2,
E3, E4, E5 and E 6. A circuit-controlling frame, D 6, lies underneath the
keys D', D2, D3, D4 and D 5, so that it is operated by them; and a similar
circuit-controlling frame, E7, lies underneath the keys E, E 2, E3, E 4, E6
and E 6, so that it is operated by them. The magnets, b, b, b, etc., (of which there
are forty-one in the device figured in the drawings,) when considered with regard
to the keys, E, E 2, E3, E4, E5, E6 and the frame E 7, fall naturally into
seven groups, corresponding respectively to the soven parts E', E 2, E3, E 4, E5,
E6 and E7; and the magnets of each such group have each one terminal
arranged in juxtaposition to the key E', E 2, 3, etc., or the frame E7, (as the
case may be,) corresponding to such group, so that each of the keys, E', E 2, etc.,
and the frame E 7 can make connection with such maguets. The terminal wires
mentioned, of the magnets corresponding to the key, E, are marked e'; those
corresponding to the key E 2, are marked e 2; those corresponding to the
key E3, are marked e3; those corresponding to the key E4, are marked e4;
those corresponding to the key E5, are marked e 5; those corresponding to the
key E6, are marked e6; and those corresponding to the frame. E7 are
marked e 7.
.
When considered with regard to the keys D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and the
frame D6, the maguets b, b, b, fall naturally into six groups, corresponding

page_text: respectively to the six circuit-controllers, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6; and
all the magnets of each such group have each one terminal connected with a wire
leading to the corresponding key, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 or the frame D 6. The
wires, d; d2, d 3, d4, d 5 and 6, correspond respectively to the parts D', D 2,.
D3, D4, D5 and D6; and the said wires have each one end lying in proximity
to the corresponding key, D', D2, D3, D4, D5, or frame D6; so that each of
the parts lust named, serves to make and break connection with the corresponding
wire, d, d2, etc. And the magnets corresponding to the key D', have each one
terminal connected with the wire d'; the magnets corresponding to the key D 2,
have each one terminal conuected with the wire d2; the magnets corresponding
with the key D 3, have each one terminal connected with the wire d3; the
magnets corresponding to the key D 4, have each one terminal connected with.
the wire d4; the magnets corresponding with the key D 5, have each one terminal
connected with the wire d 5, and the magnets corresponding with the frame D 6,
have each one terminal connected with the wire d 6. The circuit-controllers
marked respectively E, E 2, E3, E4, E5, E0 and E 7, may be termed for
convenience's aake the E-group; and the circuit-controllers, D, D2, D3, D4,
D5 and D6, may in like manner be termed the D-group. Every one of the
magueta b, b, b, it will be seen, has one of its terminals in make-and-break relation.
with some one of the circuit-controllers of the D-group, and its other terminal in
make-and-break relation with some one of the circuit-controllers of the E-group..
All of the keys, D1, D2, D3, D4, D5 and the frame D6, are connected with a
conductor B', leading to cne pole of the battery B; and in like-manner, all the
keys, E, E 2, E3, E 4, E5, E6 and the frame E7 are connected with another
conductor, B2, leading to the other pole of said battery B. The spacing-
magnet, H 51, hereinafter described, the detent magnet 42, and the connectiou-
changing magnet 32, being also included in the. circuit. The six groups of
magnets having terminals connected respectively with the keys E', E 2, E3, E 4,
E5 and E6, as figured in the drawings, include six maguets each, and the six
magnets of each group are connected respectively one with the wire d', leading to
the key D'; one with the wire d 2, leading to the key D2; une with the wire 3,
leading to the key D3; one with the wire d 4, leading to the koy D4; one with
the wire d 5, leading to the key D5; and one with the wire d 6, leading to the
circuit-controlling frame D6. The group of magnets having terminals connected
with circuit-controlling frame E7, contains only five magnets; and these have
their terminals connected respectively oue with the wire d', another with the
wire d 2, another with the wire d 3, another with the wire d 4, and another with
the wire d 5. In other words, the group of magnets connected with the frame, E7,
differs from the groups connected with the keys E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 aud E6, in
that it has no magnet connected with the wire d 6, controlled by the frame D 6.
In their normal positions, the frame D6, makes connection with the wire d6;
and the frame E7, makes connection with the wires e7; but when any of the
keys, D', D2, D3, D4, or D 5, is depressed, it rocks the frame D6, so that it
breaks connection with its wire d6; and when any of the keys E', E 2, E3, E 4,
E 5 or E 6, is depressed, it rocks the frame E7, so that said frame breaks con-
nection with its wires e7. Each of the keys, D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, on the
contrary, when in its normal position, is out of conuection with its wire, d', d2, etc.,
(as the case may be,) but when acted on by the operator closes circuit with its
wire; the key D closing circuit with the wire d'; key D 2, with wire d2;
key D 3, with wiro d3; key D4 with wire d4; key D5 with wire d 5, as before
pointed out. In like manner, the keys E', E 2, E3, E4, E5, and E6, when in
their normal positions do not make connection with the wires, e, e2, e 3, etc.,
corresponding to them; but when any of these koys is acted on by the operator,
it makes connection with the corresponding wires, belonging to the corresponding
group of magnets; the various keys E, E 2, E3, E4, E5 and E6, making
connection respectively with the wires, e', e 2, 3, e4, e5 and e0, as before
said.

page_text: The printing of different letters is effected by energizing the corresponding
magnets, that is to say, by energizing the magnets connected respectively with the
different type-levers, a, a, which carry the letters to be printed. To energizo any
magnet, it is thrown in circuit with the battery B; and each magnet is in circuit
with the battery, when the particular circuit-controller of the E-group (E', E 2,
E3, E4, E5, E6 or E 7, as the case may be,) which corresponds to such mignet,
makes connection with one terminal wire of said magnet, and when also, the
particular circuit-controller, (D', D2, D3, D4, D5 or D6, as the case may bo,)
of the D-group, corresponding to such magnet, makes connection with the corre
sponding wire, (d', d2, d3, d4, d5 or d 6, as the case may be,) with which the
other terminal of said magnet is connected.
If we were to substitute for the frame D6, a key similar to the other
keys, D', D2, etc., and for the frame E7, a key similar to the other E-group
keys, E, E 2, etc., it would be necessary always to depress two keys to energize
any magnet or to print any letter; and every different combination of two keys,
belonging one to the D-group and the other to the E-group, of which there would
then be forty-two in all, would energize a different magnet. The office of the
frames D 6 and E 7, is to obviate the necessity of depressing two keys to close
circuit for a number of maguets corresponding to, and serving to print the most
frequently-occurring letters. Thus, the frame D6, makes connection through the
wire d6, with one magnet in each of the six groups controlled respectively by the
keys E', E 2, E 3, E 4, E5 and E 6, so that each of these keys may be depressed
by itself alone, and when so depressed will close circuit through that magnet of its
group which has one terminal connected with the wire d 6. In like manner, the
frame E 7, makes connection through the wires E', with one magnet in each of
the five groups connected respectively with the wires d', d 2, d 3, d 4 and d 5, and
controlled respectively by the keys D', D2, D3, D4 and D5; so that each of
these keys may be depressed by itself alone; and when so depressed will close
circuit through that magnet of its group which has one terminal connected with
the frame E7. Thus, every key is made capable of printing a letter, when
depressed by itself alone; and a large number of the most-frequently-occurring
letters, forming in the aggregate more than three-quarters of the letters in an
average page, are made by the depressing of keys singly. The other and less-
frequently-occurring letters and other characters, are made by depressing simulta-
neously two keys, one belonging to the D-group and the other belonging to the
E-group. And when any two keys, belonging one to the D-group and the other
to the E-group are depressed simultaneously, that magnet is energized which has
one terminal connected with one key depressed, and the other terminal connected
with the other key depressed. And it is to be remembered, as before pointed out,
that depressing any of the keys of the D-group breaks the connection between the
frame D6 and the wire d 6; and depressing any of the keys of the E-group, in
like manner breaks the connection between the frame E 7 and its wire e 7.
The different keys and the different combinations of keys may be made to print
different combinations of letters and other characters in any order desired. In
other words, to cach key and to each combination of keys may be assigned such
letter or other character as the constructor thinks fit. The principle is simple;
the variations endless. Probably no two desiguers, acting independently of ench
other, would assign the various characters to the different keys, in exactly the same
order. But whatever plan of assignment is pursued, the whole arrangement should
be in general such that the most-frequently-occurring letters will be produced by
the keys or combinations of keys, most readily depressed; a regard being had to
the normal position of the hand with reference to the various keys. In making
any desired arrangement, one has only to remember the following simple rules:
To produce any letter by a given key acting individually, place the letter desired
on the type-lever controlled by that particular magnet which is energized by
depressing such key alone. To produce any letter by a combination of two keys,
belonging one to the D-group and the other to the E-group, place such letter on

page_text: the type-lever controlled by that particular magnet which has one terminal
connected with the particular D-group key desired, and the other terminal
connected with the particular E-group key desired, so that it is energized by the
depressing of such two keys simultaneously.
Having thus described the arrangement of the electrical circuits, it will now be
propor to describe the mechanical construction and arrangement of the keys and
the contact-pieces, (hereinbefore referred to, for simplicity's sake, and illustrated
in the diagrammatic view, Figure 1, simply as terminal wires,) with which they
make and break circuit. The keys, as illustrated in the drawings, (see particularly
Figures 2, 24, 2, 2° and 3,) are preferably formed each of a lower conducting
metal strip and an attached wooden portion, which the operator touches. A
contact-spring, 3, is attached to the key, being clamped between conducting
pieces, 4 and 5, by screws 6, 6, which pass through the pieces 4 and 5, and
contact-spring 3, down into the metal-strip part of the koy. Contact-springs, 3, 3,
are attached to the frames D 6 and E 7, in the same manner as to the keys. The
keys, as illustrated in the drawings, are centered upon pins, f, f, and held from
lateral displacement by guide-pins,, after the fashion common in pianofortes.
The pins are driven into the wooden bar f2, and the pins f, are driven into a
bar/3. The wooden bar f2, is attachod to the cross-rib, A. 8, of the bed-plate A.
Two conducting metal-strips, 4 and 5, insulated from each other are placed on
top of the bar f2, and are connected with opposite poles of the battery B, by
wires B' and B2, Figure 2". The keys, E', E 2, E3, E 4, E5 and E 6, rest-down
upon the conducting strip /4, so that they are electrically connected with it; and
the keys, D', D2, D3, D4 and D 5, rest down upon the conducting strip, f5, 80
that they are electrically connected with it. Conducting wires f22 and 23,
respectively, Figure 2, connect the frames D6 and E 7 electrically with the
strips f4 and f5, before mentioned as connected with opposite poles of the battery.
The terminal wires d', d 2, d3, d 4, d 5 and d6, (corresponding respectively with
the keys, D', D2, D3, D4, D5 and the frame D 6,) and the groups of terminal
wires, e, e2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and e7, (corresponding respectively with the
keys E', E 2, E3, E4, E5, E6 and the frame E 7,) are preferably made flat, of
elastic material, non-oxidizable in itself or covered with non-oxidizable material,
or iuruished with contact-points or surfaces of non-oxidizable material, such as
platinum. Obviously the wires with which the coils 63, 63, are best wound, are
not suitable for this purpose; and some other suitable material should be soldered
to such terminal at the ends where contact is made with the keys. The
terminals d', d 2, d 3, d4, d5, d6, el, e 2, e 3,.e 4, e 5, e6 and e 7, are clamped tightly
between insulating bars, 6 and 7; and they are all insulated from each other,
except as they are connected through their respective magnets. The terminals d', d2,
d3, d4, d5, e, e 2, e 3, e 4, e 5, 6, being thus in make-and-break relation with the
keys, D', D2, D3, D4, D5, E, E 2, E3, E 4, E 5, and E 6, normally rest down
upon the insulating bar, f8. Their respective keye, with the attached contact-
springs, 3, 3, lie just below them, so that when a key is acted on by the operator,
it moves but a short distance, when its attached contact-spring, 3, comes in contact
with the corresponding contact-piece or terminal wire, di, d2, d 3,d4, d 5, e', e 2,
e 3, 4, 5 ore 6, as the case may be, closing circuit with it and pressing it up
against the insulating stop-rail, 9. The arrangement is such, it will be scen, (see
particularly, Figure 2c,) as before stated, that the various keys, D', D2, D3, D4,
D5, E', E 2, E3, E4, E5 and E 6, when in their normal positions, do not make
connection with the corresponding terminal wires, d', d2, d 3, d 4, d 5, e', e 2, e 3,
e4, e 5, e 6, but do make connection when pressed upon by the operator. The
arrangement of the frames, D6 and E 7, it should be carefully observed, is quite
different. They are normally spring-pressed up by springs, (not shown,) so that
they rest against the corresponding contact-pieces, or terminal wires, d 6.and.e 7,
closing circuit with them; the whole arraugement being such as before pointed out,
that any of the keys of the D-group, when acted upon, serves to rock the frame D 6,
so that it breaks connection with the corresponding wire, d6; and in like manner,
B

page_text: the different keys of the E-group, when acted upon; serve to rock the frame, E7,
so that it breaks connection with the corresponding wires; e 7. Each of the keys
of the D-group, it will thus be seen, serves, when depressed, to break the connection
between the frame D6 and terminal wire d 6, and to establish its own proper
connection; and each of the keys of the E-group, in like mauner, serves when
dépressed to break the connection between the frame E 7, and the corresponding
terminal wires e 7, and to establish its own proper connection.
Having now explained the incchanism by which the keys of. the right-hand set
print their letters, we are in a position to explain the means by which two letters
are made by the operator with a single impulse. In addition to the set of keys for
the right-hand, there is a eat of keys for the left-hand also. The left-hand keys
are similar to the right-hand keys, and similarly marked. The wires, d', d2, 3,
d4, d5, d0, e', e 2, 3, e 4, e5, e 6 and e 7, which connect the various magnets, b, b, b,
with the right-hand keys, branch and serve to connect the left-hand koys also with
the same set of magnets, b, b, and in the same manner. The conducting wires, B¹
and B 2, branch in like manuer, so that they connect the D-group keys and the
E-group keys of both sets with the battery, n resistance, r, being thrown in on the
left-hand side, equal in ohmage to the magnet 32 on the right-hand side. All that
has been said in reference to the right-hand keys and their arrangement and
connections, applies equally to the left-hand keys, their arrangement and con-
nections. In other words, in the preferred construction, illustrated diagram-
natically in Figure 1, the right-hand keys and the left-hand keys control parallel
circuits, and each pair of corresponding circuits, belonging one to the right-band
set and the other to the left-hand set, has the coil 63, of the corresponding magnet,
as a common conducting portion. This is a very convenient arrangement, and an
important feature of my. invention; for by means of it, a single set of coils is made
to serve for the circuits of the two sets of keys; but it is not indispensable, as will
be seen hereinafter, to the carrying out of other parts of my invention. With the
preferred construction, the main practical difference between the right-hand keys
and the left-hand keys, is that the right-hand keys are made to make their letter
first, and the left-hand keys to make their letter instantly thereafter, though of
course, the order might be reversed. What I mean is, that if a key or combination
of keys belonging to the right-hand set be depressed, and at the same time another
key or combination of keys belonging to the left-hand set be depressed, the
character corresponding to the key or koys of the right-hand set depressed, will
be first printed, and instantly thereafter the character corresponding to the key or
keys depressed of the left-hand set will be printed. A simple means by which
I do this, is illustrated in Figure 4, the arrangement of the electric circuits being
as illustrated in Figure 1. 22, and 23 are parallel levers, of equal length, centered
upou fulcrum-pins, 24, 24, set in the standard 2. 25 and 26 are parts of the
connection-changing device, shaped as illustrated in Figure 4, aud pin-jointed to
the opposite ends of the parallel levers 22 and 23. The part 25 overlies all the
contact-springs, 3, 3, etc., belonging to the right-hand keys, and to the, frames D 6
and E 7, lelonging to the right-hand keys; and the corresponding part 26, overlies
all the contact-springs 3, 3, etc., belonging to the loft-hand keys and to the left-hand
frames, D6 and E7. Said parts 25 and 26, while overlying the contact
springs 3, 3, carried by the keys and frames before mentioned, lie in front of the
terminals d', d2, d 3, elc., el, e 2, e 3, etc., so that when moved they touch said
contact-springs 3, 3, carried by the keys and frames aforesaid, without touching
the terminals, d', d 2, d 3, etc., e', e 2, e 3, etc. 27 is a contractile spring, tending to
hold the parts 22, 23, 25 and 26, in their normal positions; the lever 22 resting
against an adjustable stop, 28. 32 is an electro-maguet, supported by a bracket 33,
crewed fast to the standard 2. The armature of the maguet 32, marked 34; it
is a lever of considerable mass, centered at 35. A contractile spring 36, holds the
armature-lever 34 normally in contact with an adjustablo stop 37. The magnet 32,
when energized by the passage of an electric-current through its coils, serves to
attract its armature 34, which when moving towards the magnet 32, strikes the

page_text: pin 38, projecting from the part 25, this lowering said part 25, which overlies the
right-band keys, and raising the corresponding part 26, which overlies the left-
hand keys. 42 is a holding or clutch-magnet, having an armature 43. The
clutch-magnet 42, is supported by a bracket 44, screwed fast to the standard 2;
and its armature 43, which is centered at 45, serves when the magnet 42 is
energized, to press against the proximate curved end of the lever 23, "with force
sufficient to hold the parts 22, 23, 25 and 26, in the positions into which they are
moved as a result of the action of the magnet 32 and armature 34, against the
opposing tendency of the spring 27, etc. The arrangement of circuits, it will be
observed, (see Figure 1,) is such that when any of the keys D', D2, D3, D4, D5,
E, E 2, E3, E 4, E5 or E 6, either of the right-hand set or of the left-hand set,
closes circuit, they close circuit through the clutch-magnet 42; while only the
keys of the right-hand set close circuit through the connection-changing magnet 32.
In other words, the clutch-magnet 42, is between the battery B, and the point
where the wire B' branches to connect with the right hand and left-hand sets of
keys; while the inagnet 32 is on the right-hand key's side of the branching-point
of said wire. In Figure 4, the parts 25 and 26 are shown standing in their middle
positions. In their normal positions, in which they are held by the con ractile
spring 27, the part 25 lies such a distance above the contact-springs 3, 3, 3, etc.,
belonging to the right-hand keys and frames that such springs, when their keys
are depressed, (or when the frames D6 and E7 lie in their normal positions,) make
connection with the magnet-terminals d', d 2, d 3, 4, 5, 6, el, e 2, 3, 4, 5, e 6
and e7, corresponding respectively with the keys D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, frame D6,
keys E, E 2, E3, E4, E5, E6 and frame E7; and the part 26 lies in such
proximity to the contact-springs 3, 3, 3, etc., belonging to the left-hand keys and to
the left-hand frames that such contact-springs, 3, 3, 3, when their keys are
depressed, (or when the frames D6 and E7 are in their normal positions,) come
in contact with and are arrested by the lower surface of the part 26; so that
though the parts D', D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, E', E 2, 13, E 4, E5, E 6 and E7,
or some of them, nro in position to make connection with the corresponding magnet-
terminals, d', d 2, 3, 4, d5, d, e, e2, e 3, e 4, e 5, e 6 or e7, they cannot do it.
The consequence of this arrangement is, that on dopressing at the same time a koy
or keys of the right-hand set and a key or keys of the left-hand set, the key or
keys depressed of the right-hand set close circuit with the corresponding one of
the magnets b, b, b, so that the required lotter or other character, corresponding
to the key or keys depressed of the right-hand set, is printed; but the left-hand
keys, when first depressed; are prevented from closing circuit by the part 26,
acting as an obstruction to the contact-springs 3, 3, 3, etc., belonging to the
left-hand keys and frames, preventing them from making connection with the
corresponding magnet-terminals, d', d'2, etc., e', e2, etc., as the case may be.
Closing circuit, however, through any of the right-hand keys energizes the
magnet 32, so that it attracts its armature 34, which in due time strikes
the pin 38, and rocks the lovers 22 and 23, so that the part 25 moves down,
depressing any of the contact-springs 3, 3, belonging to the right-hand keys
and frames, which may be raised, so that said contact-springs can no longer
close circuit with the corresponding magnet terminals, d, d2, etc., el, a 2, ele.,
of the right-hand set; thus breaking the circuit of the right-hand-ountrolled
magnet; and raising at the same time the part 26, so that the contact-springs 3, 3,
of the left-hand set, belonging to the keys depressed, close circuit with the corre-
sponding contact-pieces, d', d2, etc., or e', e 2, etc., as the case may be, thus
energizing that one of the set of maguets b, b, b, which corresponds to the key or
combination of keys of the left-hand set depressed, and printing the letter con-
trolled by such magnet. When the keys return to their normal positions, the
circuit is broken, the clutch-magnet 42, loses its magnetism, and the armaturo 33
no longer acting as a clutch or break upon the part 23, the spring 27 returns the
paris 22, 23, 25 and 26 to their normal positions before described. The power of
the magnet 32, the weight of its armaturo 34, and the distance through which such

page_text: armature moves, should all, in order to obtain the best effect, be adjusted in such
a manner that the armature will act upon the pin 38, and through that upon the
parts 22, 23, 25 and 26, so that it breaks the circuit of the magnet b, controlled by
the right-hand key or keys depressed, at or a little before the type controlled by
such magnet makes its imprint; so that the right-hand controlled type-lever robounds
instantly and leaves room for the left-hand-controlled type-lever to move up and
print its character. And to secure the best results, the space-magnet, H 51, should
be made very quick-acting, so that in the short interval of time between the
breaking of the right-hand-controlled circuit and the closing of the left-hand-
controlled circuit, (an interval which may be made of greater or loss duration as
required, by adjusting the mass of the armature 34 and the parts 22, 23, 25 26,
and by adjusting the play of said parts 22, 23, 25 and 26,) the space-magnet can
act; and the clutch or detent magnet 32, should be made somewhat more sluggish
in its action, so that in the short interval of time before mentioned, between the
breaking of the right-hand-controlled circuit and the closing of the left-hand con-
trolled circuit, it will not allow the parts 25 and 26 to return to their normal
positions under the action of the spring 27. This adjustment should be carefully
attended to in order to attain the best results, with spacing mechanism such as that
illustrated in the drawings. But other forms of spacing mechanism, of which
several are known in the art, may of course be used. In making the adjustment
last above mentioned, the space-magnet H1 may be made quick-acting, or what
is more to the present point, quick to lose its magnetism, by making its core
laminated, and constructing it with a considerable reluctance, of non-ferrugincus
material, in its magnetic circuit.. And the magnet H 42 may be made to lose its
magnetism more slowly by giving it an unlaminated core, and employing for it a
magnetic circuit almost closed, of iron. The parts.of the spacing mechanism moved
by said, magnet H 51, may also be made light with a strong returning-spring, while
the part H 43 should be made heavy and some suitable elastic material, as felt,
should be placed, between the armature-lever 43, and the lever 23 on which it acts,
so that said part 23. will not escape during the brief interval of time between the
breaking of the right-hand-controlled circuit and. the closing of the left-hand-
controlled oircuit.
I have said that the frames D6 and E7, when in their normal positions, make
connection with the corresponding magnet-terminale, d 6 and e7. This, however,
is to be understood subject to the qualification that such frames do thus make
connection, except when prevented by the notion of the parts 25 and 26, pressing
upon their contact-springs, 3, 3. Strictly speaking, the frames D6 aud E7, of
the right-hand set, when in their normal positions, (like the keys of the right-hand
set when first depressed,) do make connection with the corresponding magnet-
terminals d 6 and e 7; and the frames. D 6. and E.7 of the left-hand set of keys, when
in their normal positions, are prevented from making connection by the position of
the part 26, which prevents their contact-springs 3, 3, from touching the corre-
sponding magnet-terminals d 6 and e 7. When the magnet 32, is energized, and
the parts 22, 23, 25 and 26, moved from their normal positions, as before described,
then the frames D6 and 7, belonging to the right-hand set of keys, no longer
make connection and the frames D6 and E7, belonging to the left-hand set of
keys, if such frames are in their normal positions, do make connection with the
corresponding contact-pieces d 6 and e 7.
It remains to describe the spacing mechanism. The spacing mechanism which I
prefer to employ, and which is illustrated in the drawings, resembles in many
particulars that described in Letters Patent of the United States of America to
Thaddeus Cabill, No. 502,700, dated August 8, 1893; but the present spacing
mechanism differs from the spacing mechanism of said patent in being electrically-
operated and controlled. 37 is the space-rack, Figure 5, attached to the carriage
so that it moves with it. H is the dog-carrying lever, made in two parts adjustable
with relation to each other, so as to bring the loose-dog and the fast-dog nearer
together or further apart as required. H3 is the fast-dog, H 4 the loose-dog.

page_text: H5 is a bridle-lever,. connected, with thin faat-dog,, and carrying au adjustable.
stop 33., H 62 is another lever; carrying another adjustable stop H 34.
Flanges H41, H 41, etc., screwed fast to the downward extension of the topr
plate, A 41, serve, to. fulcrum the various levers above mentioned; the armature-
levers hereinafter described, etc. H 42, H42,, are adjustable stops, serving to limit.
the play of these levers. H 30 is a lever connected by a link H 31 with the
dog-carnying lever, and carrying a stop H32.against which the, loose-dog, 4
rests, when all the parts occupy their normal positions. H:36, H 37 and H 38.are
contractile springe, serving to, return the parts, marked H4, H and H62 respectively,
to their normal positions. H 51 is the principal spacing magnet. It is in circuit
with the battery B, (see Figure 1,) so that when the circuit of said battery is.
closed, whether by the right-hand keys or left-hand keys, the current flows through.
the coils of the magnet H61. H 52 is the armature of said magnet. When the
current flows through the magnet H 51, it attracts the, armature H:52, which
thereupon tilts the dog-carrying lever H, raising the fast-dog. H 3 up into.the teeth
of the rack c37, and withdrawing the loose-dog H4, from engagement with the
rack, so that the loose-dog, when released from the rack, moves.under the influence
of its contractile spring H 36, until it is arrested by the stop H34, attached to the
lever H 62. The parts are all adjusted in such a manner that this movement of
the loose-dog is just sufficient to allow of the carriage innking one, letter-space;
and when the current is cut off from the magnet H51, by the releasing of the
keys, the armature H 52 returns to its normal position, the fast-dog is withdrawn
from engagement with the rack c 37, the loose-dog is again brought into engage
ment with it, and the carriage, no longer held back by the fast dog, moves on. until
it is arrested by the loose-dog coming in. contact with the stop H 32, 80 making a
single letter-space. This operation takes place with every letter that is printed.
At the end of a word, or rather between words, (for the space, might be inade at.
the beginning of a word, as well as at the end,) it becomes necessary to make a
larger space. To this end each set of keys (see Figure 1,) is furnished with a
space-key G. This key is connected with one pole of an auxiliary battery B.3, by
a wire B 4. Said key G, is insulated from the metal strip f5, and arranged so that
it does not touch the frame E7, and serves when, acted upon by the operator to
make connection with the wire g, which is connected through the coils of the
auxiliary space-magnet 51 and the space-enlarging magnet 161, with the other
pole of said auxiliary battery B 3. The key G. is to be acted on by the operator
simultaneously with the key or keys which make the last letter of a word; and
when acted on, it closes circuit through the space-enlarging magnet H 61 and the
auxiliary space-magnet 51. The action of the auxiliary space-magnet 51 upon the
armature H 62 aud related parts, is exactly the same as the action of the principal
space-magnet H 51 before described. The space-enlarging magnet H 61, when
energized, attracts its armature H 62, which carries the stop H 34 down out of the
way of the loose-dog, so that the loose-dog when freed from the rack 37, is now
moved by its spring H 36 until it is arrested by the stop H 33, which stop is so-
Bet that the enlarged movement which it permits to the loose-dog is sufficient to
permit a movement of the carriage of two letter-spaces, when the various parts
return to their normal positions. In a word, the space magnets, H 51 and 51,
either or both, with the armature H 52 operate in the ordinary manner to actuate
the spacing-dogs; and the space-enlarging magnet, HI 61, with its armature H 62,
operates to enlarge the space by increasing the free movement of the loose-dog.
m is the paper-roll or platen; m' the frame of the paper-carriage; m 2 the back-
rod on which the carriage runs; and m 3 the frame hinged to the carriage-frame,
and to which the space-rack e 37 is attached.
. In respect to the arrangement of the type-levers, carrying each an upper-caso
and a lower-case character; the paper-carriage; the arrangement of a shift, not
shown in the drawings, being universally understood in the art, whereby the platen
or paper-roll is moved from its lower-case to its upper-case position, or vice versa;
the interlinear spacing mechanism; and the ribbon mechanism, controlled by the

page_text: movement of the carriage; the machine illustrated in the drawings is intended to
follow the details of construction well known to the public in the old Remington
Number Two Machine, which many years of experience have wrought out, and
which long practice has approved. But none of these details form any part of my
invention, and any suitable plan or construction whatever may be followed instead
of them.
Having now fully described that device which I consider as on the whole best
for carrying out my invention, as applied to a type-writing machine, I shall
proceed to call attention briefly to certain modified devices that may be used in the
carrying out of important portions of my invention.
In the preferred device herein before fully described, a small number of keys is
made to serve for a large number of characters. The advantage of such an
arrangement is, that with a small number of keys only to operato instead of a large
number, the operator can write more rapidly, and is, moreover, free to look
continuously at his copy, instead of being obliged, as in the machines now in
common use, to look part of the time at the copy and part of the time at the keys.
The constant labor of the eyes, also in looking at the keys and the severe taxing
of the muscles of accommodation which results from changing the point of vision
several times a second, as keys in different parts of the key-board are looked for
and depressed, is entirely avcided. The arrangement of a few koys, therefore,
serving for many characters, is the one which I prefer; but my invention may be
used with a separate key for each character or for each type-lever, as desired, and
in such case the arrangement of the keys and electric-circuits may be, for example,
as illustrated in Figure 9. There are in this figure, it will be observed, two key-
boards, or sets of keys, one of which key-boards is furuished with a full set of
keys, answering we may suppose to the thirty-eight type-bars, for example of the
well-known Remington Number Two Machine; aud each of these keys, it will be
seen, corresponds to one of the thirty-eight type-lever controlling electro-
magnets b, b, seen in the upper part of the figure. The other key-board is made
proferably with a smaller number of keys, auswering to the major part of the
letters of the alphabet; though it might obviously, so far as the principle is
concerned, be furnished with as many keys as the right-hand key-board. The keys
of the right-hand key-board are marked 61, 61 etc., and those of the left-hand key-
board are marked 62, 62, etc. The keys of both key-boards are connected with
one pole of the battery B, as illustrated in Figure 9. by wires 77 and 83
respectively, the connection being made through the principal space-magnet H 51
and the clutch-maguet 42, so that when the circuit of the battery is closed either
by right-hand keys or by left-hand keys, the current passes through said inagnets;
and the connection from the battery B, to the right-hand keys 61, 61, ie made also
through the connection-changing magnet 32, while the connection from the
battery B to the left-hand koys 62, 62, is made through a resistance r, having the
same ohmage as the magnet 32-all as illustrated in the drawing and hereinhefore
fully described in connection with the preferred form of device. Tho fulcrums of
the keys, 61 and 62, and the usual marked finger-picces, attached to the keys, and
upon which the operator strikes, are in front of the break-line of the drawing and
so do not appear in the drawing. The operator acting upon the front end of the
key (broken away, as before said, in Figure 9,) causes the part of the key which
appears in the drawing to rise. Each key, when thus depressed in front and
elevated behind, comes in contact with a wire 63, forming one terminal of the
corresponding electro-magnet b, and closes circuit through such magnet and the
common-return wiro 64. With this common-return wire 64, it is to be observed,
every one of the magnets b, b, b, Figure 9, has one terminal connected, the other
terminal of every such magnet being in make-and-break relation with the
corresponding key or keys. With the arrangement illustrated in Figure 9, having
a key for every type-lever, the arrangement of parts 22, 23, 25, 26, 34, 38, 42, 43,
etc., illustrated in Figure 4, may be used to break the circuit of the right-hand koy
depressed and to close the circuit of the left-hand key depressed, at or about the

page_text: instant the letter corresponding to the right-hand key depressed is.. printed; in
which, case, every one of the keys, 61, 61, etc., 62, 62, etc., should be furnished with
an attached contact-spring, 3, after the fashion illustrated in Figure 3, aud before
fully described; or a somewhat simpler device may be used, as illustrated in
Figure 10, serving to break the battery connection with the right-hand keys and
to establish the battery connection with the left-hand keys in such. length, of time
after the simultaneous depressing of a right-hand key and a .left-hand key..as is
necessary for the printing of the letter corresponding to the right-hand.koy
depressed. In Figure 10, 32. is the connection-changing magnet, and. 34. is its
armature. 42 is the clutch-magnet, and, 43 its.armature. 71.is.the connection-
changing lever, centered at 72. One end of said lever 71, lies in the..path of
motion of the armature 34, so that the armature 34,,when attracted by its magnet 32,
strikes the connection-changing lever 71, and moves it from. its normal position.
The connection-changing lever, 71, carries a contact-spring 73; and a contractile
spring 74, holds said lever 71 normally in such a position that the attached.contact-
spring 73 makes connection with the adjustable. screw 75. A wire 76 leads from
this screw to the connection-changing magnet 32, and another wire, 77, loads from
said magnet to the right-hand keys. The connection-changing lever 71, is
connected through the coils, of the principal space-nagnet H51 (represented
diagrammatically only, in Figures. 9 and.. 10,) and clutch.magnet 42 with the
battery B, and through this with the common-return wire 64, with which. wire, as
before explained one terminal of each of the maguete, b, b, b, in. Figure 9 is
connected. The armature 43 of the clutch magnet 42.bears against the.curved end
of the connection-changing lever 71. Just below the connection-changing lover 71,
is a contact-spring 81, screwed to the bracket 82, and having connected with it a
wire 83, which is connected with the left-hand keys, 62, 62. The right-hand keys
and the left-hand keys make connection with the various magnets, b, b, etc., as
illustrated in Figure 9. Supposo, now, that a right-hand key, 61, and a left-hand
key 62, Figure 9, are depressed simultaneously: It will be seen that the circuit
will first be closed from the battery B, (Figure 10,) through the clutch-magnet 42,
the principal space-magnet, H 51, the connection-changing lever 71, the attached
-contact-spring 73, the adjustable screw 75, the wire 76, the connection-changing
magnet 32, the wire 77, leading to the right-hand keys, the right-hand
key depressed, the particular magnet, b, corresponding thereto, the common-
return wire 64, with which the various magnets, b, b, b, are all. connected
in parallel, back to the battery B. The circuit being thus closed,
through the particular one of the magnets b, b, corresponding to the right-hand
key depressed, such magnet becomes energized and prints the corresponding letter.
At the same instant, however, the connection-changing magnet 32, (Figure 10;)
being in like manner energized, attracts its armature 34, so that said armature
strikes the connection-changing lover 71, moving it from its normal position and
breaking the connection between the contact-spring 73 and the adjustable stop 75,
and the right-hand keys, and establishing connection between said lover 71 and the
contact-spring 81, connected with the left-haud keys. so that the circuit is now
closed from the battery B, through the clutch-muguet 42, the principal space-
magnet H 51, the connection-changing lever 71, the contact-spring 81, bracket 82,
the wire 83, leading to the left-hand keys, the left-hand key depressed, the
particular one of the magnets b, b, corresponding thereto, and the common-returu
wire 64, back to the battery B. Thus the magnet corresponding to the left-hand
key depressed, being in its turn thrown into circuit, becomes energized and prints
its letter. When the keys are released by the operator and the circuits in
consequence broken, the clutch-magnet 42 loses its power and the connection-
changing lever 71, returns to its normal position.
In the circuit-controlling devices herein before described, the mechanical move-
ment which effects the change of energy from the right-hand keys to the left-hand
keys is made electrically, by the action of the magnet 32 upon the other parts of
the device. I consider it most advantageous to make the change electrically; but

page_text: it is not indispensable to my invention that it be so made. The mechanical move-
ment necessary to effect the change from the right-hand keys to the left-hand keys
may be made in various ways. It may be made, for example, directly by the keys
themselves. One arrangement of this sort is illustrated in Figures 11 and 12, in
which a frame having a center-rod 86, and a bent side-and-end-piece 87, overlies
the keys, so that it is raised when any key is acted on by the operator. Au
arm 88, attached to this frame projects back under the part 26, before described,
which overlies the left-hand keys. A weight 89, serves to give the necessary
momentum to the whole, aud a light spring, (not shown in the drawing,) prosses
the part 87 normally down upon the keys. Said part 87 has its surface proximate
to the keys covered with insulating material, not shown in the drawing. The
operation is as follows, the keys, when depressed, raise the part 87 nod the end of
the part 88 which projects, as before said, in under the part 26, when the koy
makes connection with the corresponding contact-piece, (or comes into position to
make connection,) and comes to rest, the parts 87, 88 and 89, move on, under the
influence of their acquired momentum, until, after a brief interval of time, the
part 88 comes in contact with the part 26, before described, and raises it, rooking
the levers 22 and 28 and depressing the part 25 before described, in the samo
manner and with the like effect as when such parts are moved by the action of the
armature 34, (Figure 4,) before described. With this device, it will be seen, the
keys when depressed, set the parts 87, 88 and 89 ia motion, and make their
connections (or in the case of the left-band keys, come into position to niake their
connections,) before the parts 87, 88 and 89 have moved far enough to act upon
the part 26. The keys simply set the parts 87, 88 and 89 in motion, and these
parts have then to move on, (after the right-hand keys have made their connections,)
under the influence of their acquired momentum, snch a distance before they aot
upon the parts 26 aud 25, that there is time for the right-hand-controlled magnet to
print its letter before the connections are changed and the left-hand-controlled
magnet brought into action. This device, however, is inferior to the electro-
magnetic circuit-controlling devices hereinbefore described, in that it requires
either (a) a very uniform touch, or (b) a longer interval of time between the
breaking of the right-hand-controlled circuit and the closing of the left-haud-
controlled circuit; but by using a uniform touch, or by allowing a sufficient interval
of time between the breaking of the right-hand-controlled circuit and the closing
of the left-hand-controlled circuit, to compensate for inequalities in touch, it can
be made to operate well.
Tho various forms of device before described for carrying out my invention,
require a multiplicity of magnets; and such forms I consider to be, on the whole,
most convenient. But important parts of my invention, I wish it to be understood,
may be carried out by a few magnets or oven without any magnets at all.
Figures 13, 14 and 15 illustrate diagrammatically a form of devico in which two
magnets only are used, one for the right-hand keys, and one for the left-hand keys.
90, 90, are levers centered between bars, 91, 91. The levers 90, 90, auswer to the
key-levers of a Remington Number Two type-writer, (or we may suppose, to the
keys of any sort of type-writing machine, matrix-making, linotyping or other type-
setting machine). Said levers 90, 90, as the inventions is applied to a Remington
type-writer, are connected by links or pull-down wires, 92, 92, with the type-bars, a, a,
and are normally spring-pressed up against a felted stop-bar, 93, by springs, nut
shown in the drawings. Transverse to the type-bar-connected levers, 90, 90, are
two sets of key-levers, 94, 94, fularumed between bars 95, 95, and two sets of
power-transmitting levers, 96, 96. The powor-transmitting levers, 96, 96, are
fulcrumed between bars 97, 97; and each of said levers corresponds to some one of the
keys either of the right-hand or of the left-hand set; and with one of the type-bar-
connected levers, 90, and serves when connected by its key with the power
mechanism horeinafter described to move the type-bar-connected lever 90, with
which it corresponds; and to this end, each of the power-trausmitting levers, 96, 96,
is furnished with a downward-extending part, 98, arranged in such a manner that

page_text: when the lever 96 is depressed the part 98 engages with that one of the type-bar-
connected levers 90, (and with that one only,) with which the power-transmitting
lever corresponds. It is to be understood that there is a right-hand key 94 and a
left-hand key 94, for each of the type-bar-connected levers 90, and a power-
transmitting lever 96, intermediate each key-lever and the corresponding type-bar-
connected lever 90. Above the set of power-transmitting levors, 96, 96, (see
Figure 15,) corresponding to the right-hand keys, is, a presser-piece, 100; and
above the set of power-transmitting levers 96, 96, corresponding to the left-hand
keys is a similar presser-piece, 101. Each of these presser-pieces is mounted by
means of parallel guide-levers, 102, 102, pin-jointed to it, and set upɔn center-
pins, 103, 103; and each of them carries a soft-iron armature, 104. Magnets
marked respectively 105 and 106, acting on the armatures 104, 104, serve in the
mauner hereinafter described to operate the right-hand presser-piece 100, and the
left-hand presser-piece 101. Said magnets are attached fast to the brackets
marked 107, 107. The way in which these maguete are controlled will be
described hereinafter. A tilting-piece, 110 (see particularly, Figure 14,) is
attached to each power-transmitting lever, 96, 96; and said tilting-piece is
connected with the corresponding key 94 by means of a link, 113, a bell-crank-
lever 111, and a flexible cord, 112; the cord 112 connects the key. 94 with the
bell-crank 111, and the link 113 connects said bell-crank with the tilting-piece 110.
Each tilting-pieco 110 lies normally in such a position that the corresponding
presser-piece 100 or 101 can descend (under the influence of the corresponding
magnet 105 or 106,) without catching the tilting-piece; but the key serves, when
depressed, to rock the bell-crauk lever 111, so that the upper end of the
tilting-piece 110 is thrust in under the corresponding presser-piece 100 or 101, in
such a position that the presser-piece overlying it caunot descend without catching
and depressing it and the power-transmitting lever 96, connected with it. And
the power-transmitting lever, when thus depressed, acts through the attached
projection 98 upon the corresponding type-bar-connected lever 90, depressing such
The clutch-
last named lever and throwing up the type against the paper-roll m.
magnet 42, with its armature 43, the space-magnet H51, (illustrated diagram-
matically only, in Figure 15,) the connection-changing lever 71, with its accessory
parts, are the same as already fully described in connection with Figure 10, etc.
Under-
Having thus described the essential parts of the mechanism of the modification
illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 15, it will now be proper to describe the electrical
connections and the mode of operation. See particularly Figure 15.
neath the keys 94, 94, of both sets is a rocking-frame 114, having a center-rod 115.
This frame is arranged in such a manner that any of the keys 94, 94, when
depressed, presses upon the frame aud moves it down. The frame carries a
platinum-point 116, which serves to make connection, when a key is depressed,
with a contact-spring 117, connected with the battery B. The effect of this is to
close circuit from the battery B, through the clutch-magnet 42, principal spacing-
magnet H 51, connection-changing lever 71, attached contact-spring 78, adjustable
contact-screw 75, wire 118, electro-maguet 105, controlling the right-hand
piece and serving as a power-device for the right-hand operated keys, wire 119,
"ame 114, attaclied platinum-point 116 and contact-spring 117, and thence back
battery. The magnet 105, becoming energized by the passage of the
ttracts its armature 104, so pulling down the guide-levers 102 and the
Dresser-piece 100. The part last named comes in contact with
'B 110, connected with the right-hand key depressed and presses it
ng down the power-transmitting lever 96, and the type-bar-
responding to the right-hand key depressed, which throws
ing to the right-hand key depressed, up against the
responding to the right-hand ke
presser-
pressed is

page_text: and closing the circuit of the magnet 106. The magnet 105 loses its magnetism
and the armature 104 and presser-piece 100 return to their normal positions and
permit the right-hand-controlled type-lever a, and right-hand-controlled type
lever-connected lever 90, with the corresponding power-transmitting lever 96, to
return to their normal positions. The connection-changing lever 71, being thus
moved from its normal position by the action of the pin 120, attached to the
presser-piece 100, the circuit is closed from the battery B, through the clutch-
magnet 42, spacing-maguet H 51, connection-changing lever 71, contact-spring 81,
magnet 106, (which controls the left-hand presser-piece 101,) wire 119, frame 114,
attached contact-point 116, and contact-spring 117, back to the battery B. The
circuit being thus closed through the magnet 106, said magnet becomes energized
and attracts its armature 104, thus pulling down the left-hand presser-piece 101,
which comes in contact with the tilting-piece 110, operated by the left-hand key
depressed, pressing down said tilting-piece and with it the power-transmitting
lever 96 and type-bar-connected lever 90, corresponding to it, thus throwing up
the type-lever corresponding with the left-hand key depressed and printing the
left-hand-designated letter. When the keys are released, the frame 114 rises,
thus breaking the connection between the contact-point 116 and contact-
spring 117, so that the magnet 106 loses its magnetism, and all the parts return to
their norinal positions.
Instead of employing an electrical device to change connections, obviously a
mechanical device for that purpose, such substantially as that hereinbefore described
in connection with Figures 11 and 12, might be used in its stead.
In all the various forms of device hereinbefore described for carrying out my
invention, electro-magnets are employed. I consider electro-magnets as the most
suitable mechanism for the purpose; but I wish it to be understood that certain
very important parts of my invention may be carried out without electro-magnets.
It will be obvious, upon consideration, that some other form of power-device
might be used instead of electro-magnets. This will be more especially obvious
in connection with a device which, like that illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 15,
has two presser-pieces or strikers serving one to make the right-hand selected
letter and the other to make the left-band-selected letter. Several different power
arrangements already known in the art, might obviously be used to give the two
presser-pieces their proper successive actions. And, indeed, the most essential
part of my invention, to-wit, the making of two letters in rapid succession from
keys depressed simultaneously, may be carried out without any sort of power-
device. The essential point is a suitable quick-acting connection between one set
of keys and the type-bars or other letter-controlling mechanism and a relatively
slow-acting connection between the other set of keys and the type-bars or other
letter-controlling devices, so that the keys being depressed simultaneously, the
letters are printed in rapid succession. Power-connections are best; but mechanical
connections, not being power-connections, may be used instead. A simple device
of this sort is illustrated in Figure 16, which is a view corresponding with
Figure 15, illustrating a device which is a modification of that illustrated in
Figures 13, 14, and 15, differing from the device illustrated in said Figures 13, 14 4
and 15 in using the power applied by the operator to the keys for making the
letters, instead of the power of the electro-magnets. The magnets and elect-
connections are omitted; the presser-pieces 100 and 101 are made quite )
that they are in effect momentum-pieces, and they are counterba
springs, 121, 121, of unequal strength. In place of the singl
extending underneath both sets of keys, two similar but smaller fr
are employed; the first of which lies underneath the right-ha
depressed by them, and the second of which lies underneath
80 as to be depressed by them. A cord, 122, connects the
lever 123, which acts through
similar cord 122, connects the left-hand franie, 114, with
jack, 124, upon the press.
which acts through

page_text: when the lever 96 is depressed the part 98 engages with that one of the type-bar-
connected levers 90, (and with that one only,) with which the power-transmitting
lever corresponds. It is to be understood that there is a right-hand key 94 and a
left-hand key 94, for each of the type-bar-coupected levers 90, and a power-
transmitting lever 96, intermediate each key-lever and the corresponding type-bar-
connected lever 90. Above the set of power-transmitting levers, 96, 96, (see
Figure 15,) corresponding to the right-hand keys, is a presser-piece, 100; and
above the set of power-transmitting levers 96, 96, corresponding to the left-hand
keys is a similar presser-piece, 101. Each of these pressor-pieces is mountel by
means of parallel guide-levers, 102, 102, pin-jointed to it, and set upon genter-
pins, 103, 103; and ench of them carries a soft-iron armature, 104. Magnets
marked respectively 105 and 106, acting on the armatures 104, 104, serve in the
mauner hereinafter described to operate the right-hand presser-piece 100, and the
left-hand presser-piece 101. Said magnets are attached fast to the brackets
marked 107, 107. The way in which these maguets are controlled will be
described hereinafter. A tilting-piece, 110 (see particularly, Figure 14,) is
attached to each power-transmitting lever, 96, 96; and said tilting-piece is
connected with the corresponding key 94 by means of a liuk, 113, a bell-orank-
lever 111, and a flexible cord, 112; the cord 112 connects the key 94 with the
bell-crank 111, and the link 113 connects said bell-crank with the tilting-piece 110.
Each tilting-piece 110 lies normally in such a position that the corresponding
presser-piece 100 or 11 can descend (under the influence of the corresponding
magnet 105 or 106,) without catching the tilting-piece; but the key sorves, when
depressed, to rock the bell-crank lever 111, so that the upper end of the
tilting-piece 110 is thrust in under the corresponding presser-piece 100 or 101, in
such a position that the presser-piece overlying it cannot descend without catching
and depressing it and the power-transmitting lever 96, connected with it. And
the power-transmitting lover, when thus depressed, acts through the attached
projection 98 upon the corresponding type-bar-connected lover 90, depressing such
last named lever and throwing up the type against the paper-roll m. The clutch-
magnet 42, with its armature 43, the space-inagnet H 51, (illustrated diagram,
matically only, in Figure 15,) the connection-changing lever 71, with its accessory
parts, are the same as already fully described in connection with Figure 10, eto.
Having thus described the essential parts of the mechanism of the modification
illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 15, it will now be proper to describe the electrical
connections and the mode of operation. See particularly Figure 15. Under-
neath the keys 94, 94, of both sets is a rocking-frame 114, having a center-rod 115.
This frame is arrauged in such a manner that any of the keys 94, 94, when
depressed, presses upon the frame and moves it down. The frame carries a
platinum-point 116, which serves to make connection, when a key is depressed,
with a contact-spring 117, counected with the battery B. The effect of this is to
close circuit from the battery B, through the clutch-magnet 42, principal spacing-
magnet H 51, connection-changing lever 71, attached contact-spring 73, adjustable
contact-sorow 75, wire 118, electro-magnet 105, controlling the right-hand presser-
piece and serving as a power-device for the right-hand operated keys, wire 119,
frame 114, attached platinum-point 116 and contact-spring 117, and theuce back
urrent, battery. The magnet 105, becoming energized by the passage of the
ght-hand attracts its armature 104, so pulling down the guide-levers 102 and the
he tilting-pie presser-pieco 100. The part last named comes in contact with
own, thus pres
ce 110, connected with the right-hand key depressed and presses it
onnected lever 90g down the power-transinitting lever 96, and the type-bar-
Corresponding to the right-hand key depressed, which throws
e typo-lover a, corresponding to the right-hand key depressed, up against the
per-roll m, so that the letter corresponding to the right-hand ker depressed is
futed. When the presser-piece 100 descends, a pin 120, set
ojecting from it, comes in contact with the connection-changin
oves it from its normal position breaking the circuit of t
it and

page_text: and closing the circuit of the magnet 106. The magnet 105 loses its magnetism
and the armature 104 and presser-piece 100 return to their normal positions and
permit the right-hand-controlled type-lever a, and right-hand-controlled type
lever-connected lever 90, with the corresponding power-transmitting lover 96, to
return to their normal positions. The connection-changing lover 71, being thus
moved from its normal position by the action of the pin 120, attached to the
presser-piece 100, the circuit is closed from the battery B, through the clutch-
magnet 42, spacing-magnet H 51, connection-changing lover 71, contact-spring 81,
magnet 106, (which controls the left-hand presser-piece 101,) wire 119, frame 114,
attached contact-point 116, and contact-spring 117, back to the battery B. The
circuit being thus closed through the magnet 106, said magnet becomes energized
and attracts its armature 104, thus pulling down the left-hand presser-piece 101,
which comes in contact with the tilting-piece 110, operated by the left-hand key
depressed, pressing down said tilting-piece and with it the power-transmitting
lever 96 and type-bar-connected lever 90, corresponding to it, thus throwing up
the type-lever corresponding with the left-hand key depressed and printing the
left-hand-designated letter. When the keys are released, the frame 114 rises,
thus breaking the connection between the contact-point 116 and contact-
spring 117, so that the magnet 106 loses its magnetism, and all the parts return to
their normal positions.
Instead of employing an electrical device to change connections, obviously a
mechanical device for that purpose, such substantially as that herein before described
in connection with Figures 11 and 12, might be used in its stead.
In all the various forms of device hereiubefore described for carrying out my
invention, electro-magnets are employed. I consider electro-magnets as the most
suitable mechanism for the purpose; but I wish it to be understood that certain
very important parts of my invention may be carried out without electro-magnets.
It will be obvious, upon consideration, that some other form of power-device
might be used instead of electro-magnets. This will be more especially obvious
in connection with a device which, like that illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 15,
has two presser-pieces or strikers serving one to make the right-hand selected
letter and the other to make the left-hand-selected letter. Several different power
arrangements already known in the art, might obviously be used to give the two
presser-pieces their proper successive actions. And, indeed, the most essential
part of my invention, to-wit, the making of two letters in rapid succession from
keys depressed simultaneously, may be carried out without any sort of power-
device. Tho essential point is a suitable quick-acting connection between one set
of keys and the type-bars or other letter-controlling mechanism and a relatively
slow-acting connection between the other set of keys and the type-bars or other
letter-controlling dovices, so that the keys being depressed simultaneously, the
letters are printed in rapid succession. Power-connections are best; but mechanical
connections, not being power-connections, may be used instead. A simple device
of this sort is illustrated in Figure 16, which is a view corresponding with
Figure 15, illustrating a device which is a modification of that illustrated in
Figures 13, 14, and 15, differing from the device illustrated in said Figures 13, 14
and 15 in using the power applied by the operator to the keys for making then
letters, instead of the power of the electro-magnets. The magnets and elechy, sc
connections are omitted; the presser-pieces 100 and 101 are made quite henced by
that they are in effect momentum-pieces, and they are counterbal
springs, 121, 121, of unequal strength. In place of the singles, 114, 114
Tramo 114
extending underneath both sets of keys, two similar but smaller
keys, so as to b
depressed by them, and the second of which lies underneath the left-hand keys
so as to be depressed by them. A cord, 122, connects the frame 114" with th
lever 123 ich acts through
a jack, 124, pon the presser-pieco 100; and
22, connects the left-hand frame, 114, with a similar lover 123
ough a similar jack 124, upon the left-hand presser-piece, 101
simila

page_text: as a circuit-changing device, illustrated diagrammatically in Figure 17, is substan-
tially the same as that illustrated in Figure 10, and already fully described. In
general, however, so far as I am now aware, the arrangement of a single set of
magnets, as in the preferred device, serving for both sets of keys, will answer for
general use, and it has the merits of simplicity and cheapness, in making a single
set of magnets and a single set of ultimate letter-controlling parts serve for the
two sets of simultaneously-operated keys, which are matters of great consequence
in a type-writing machine, and of some consequence, but of much less, in a type-
setting machine or linotypo machine, to which, as well as to type-writing machines,
my invention, it will he remembered, is applicable. But in one important
particular, two sets of magnets, or what is equivalent thereto, one set serving
for the right-hand keys and the other set serving for the left-hand koys, has
advantages. A peculiar arrangement for this purpose is illustrated in Figures 17
and 18, taken together. The right-hand set of keys has its own set of magnet-
coils, 130, 130; and the left-hand set of keys has its own set of magnet-
coils, 131, 131. The right-hand-controlled coils, 130, surround the soft-iron
cylinders, , b; and the left-band-controlled coils, 131, 131, surround the soft-
iron cylinders, 62, 62. The currents circulate in the coils 130 in one direction,
and in the coils 131, in the opposite direction. This arrangement tends somewhat
to facilitate rapid making of the letters. The most difficult point, in this con-
nection, with the preferred device, is the making of double letters, as ee, II, mm,
nn, oo, etc., which are made by successive motions of the same type-bar, so that
said type-bar has not time to make its full rebound from the first blow before it
is necessary for it to make the second. Anything that facilitates the loss of
magnetism on the breaking of the right-hand-controlled circuit favours rapidity of
operation; and the arrangement of Figure 18, by which the left-hand-controlled
current circulates in the coil 131, in the opposite direction to that in which the
right-hand-controlled current circulates in the coil 130, favours rapid demagnetiza-
tion. The expense of a double set of coils, as 130 and 131, however, together
with the increased size and weight of the cores 6 and 62, as compared with the
preferred device, (see Figure 3,) and its single set of coils, 63, 63, tends to
countervail the advantages resulting from employing two sets of coils, 130 and 131,
as in Figure 18. The modification illustrated in Figuros 17 and 18, has one
advantage, however, not before adverted to, to-wit, the fact that it requires ouly
the simple arrangement of circuit-changing parts, illustrated diagrammatically in
said Figure 17, (and shown on larger scale in Figure 10,) instead of more
complex arrangement of parts required by the preferred form of device,
arrangement of circuits of Figure 1. See Figure 4. But whatever the respe
merits of the different forms of my invention, illustrated (a) in Figures 1 and
and (b) in Figures 17 and 18 may be, other and advantagcop's uses may doubtless
be made of the form of my invention illustrated in Figur 17, with a separate sot
of magnets for each set of keys and a circuit-controlling arrangement, whereby
the two sets of magnets are made to act in rapid accession. And at all events,
Figure 17 shows that, and I wish it to be very clearly understood that, though I prefer
to control the same character-device: by the two sets of keys, producing the right-
hand keys' action from such charalovices fast and the left-hand keys' action
from the same set of character-devices inned thereafter, the feature of my
invention of quick-acting mechanism conneted with one set of keys and slow-
acting mechanism connected with the other set of keys, may be used with entirely
separate and distinct device controlled, by the two sets of keys. And while I
consider it every way preferable to use a single set of type-bars, or a single type-
form, in a tope-writing machine, and a single set of matrix-pieces in a type-setting
macbaine, or more broadly a single set of printing-characters, whatever these may
be, and whatever the machine in which they may be used, whether type-writing
matrix-making or linotyping machine, and to operate upon this single set of
printing characters or character-controlling devices with both sets of keys, each
8

page_text: The spring 121, connected with the right-hand presser-piece 100, is much stronger
than the similar spring 121, connected with the left-hand presser-piece 101; and
the right-hand presser-piece lies much closer to the tilting-piece 110, which it
operates, than the left-hand presser-picce 101, does to the tilting-piece which it
operates. The whole arrangement is such that the frame 114, connections
intermediate it and the presser-piece 100, and said presser-piece, 100, with the
parts intermediate it and the type-bars, constitute a quick-acting connection
between the right-hand keys, 94, and the type-levers, a, a; while the left-hand
frame 114, connections intermediate it and the presser-piece 101, with the parts
intermediate said presser-piece and the type-bars, a, a; constitute a slow-acting
connection between the left-hand keys and the type-bars. Thus, when a key of
the right-hand set and a key of the left-hand set are depressed simultaneously,
they depress the frames 114" and 114, which through their respective
cords 122, levers 123 and jacks 124, act upon the corresponding presser-
pieces 100 and 101, moving them down a convenient distance, when the
horizontal arms of the jacks 124, come in contact with the adjustable jack-
stops, 125, so that the lower end of the vertical arm of the jack moves off of
the presser-piece, leaving it free to return to its normal position. The
presser-pieces, however, move on, under their acquired momentum, and the
right-hand presser-piece 100, instautly comes in contact with the tilting-piece 110,
thrust in under it by the right-hand key depressel, and depresses such tilting-
piece, and with said tilting-pieco, the power-transmitting-lever 96, connected
therewith, moving the type-bar-connected lever 90, and throwing the type-lever a,
connected therewith, up against the paper carried by the paper-roll m.
And upon
tho rebound of said right-hand-controlled type-bar, the presser-piece 100 returns to
its normal position. About the time that the right-hand-controlled type-lever
retreats from the paper, after delivering its blow, the left-hand presser-piece 101
comes in contact with the tilting-piece 110, thrust in under it by the left-hand
key depressed, and through such tilting-piece and the power-transmitting lever 96,
connected therewith, acts upon the type-bar-connected lover 90, so that the letter
corresponding to the left-hand key depressed; is printed. The whole arrangement,
it will be seen, is such that the connections between the right-hand keys depressed
and the printing-characters are quick-acting; while the connections between the
left-hand keys and the printing characters are, relatively speaking, slow-acting;
so that keys of the right-hand and loft-hand sets doprossed simultaneously, print in
rapid ession. The lower faces of the presser-pieces 100 and 101 should of
combe face with rubber or other suitable elastic material.
nave descrit d, it will be observed, several different ways in which the change
m the right-hand keys to the left-hand keys may be made, so that by simul-
taneous actions of the operator, consecutive letters are made in rapid succession,
and that from a singleet of printing characters. I wish it to be understood,
however, that it may be main still other ways, several of which I have devised;
but having describe the best, shall not burden this specification with any further
description in this regard of alterntive constructions.
In the preferred form of device, ilustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, and also in
the modification illustrated in Figure, a single set of magnets, b, b, b, serves for
both sets of keys. So far as the essential point of my invention, however, is
concerned, to-wit, the making of consecutive letters in rapid succession by
depressing the corresponding keys simultaneously. two sets of electro-magnets
may be used, one serving for the right-hand keys and the other serving for the
left-hand keys; the connections being shifted in a suitable manner, as already
described, from one set to the other. Figure 17, which is a diagraminate view
similar to Figure I, illustrates such au-arrangement, in which each set of keys has
a set of magnets of its own, which it controls. 130, 130, etc., are the maguets or
coils connected with the right-hand set of keys; and 131, 131, are the magnets or
coils connected with the left-hand set of keys. The arrangement of parts serving

page_text: set of keys selecting its own propor character from the one cɔm.non set, I with it
to be very distinctly understood that I do not limit myself, in the carrying out of.
the central idea of my invention of the combination, with printing-characters, of
quick-acting and slow-acting selecting device, or letter-controlling devices, operated
simultaneously for the production of consecutive letters, one from each set, the
letters being made in rapid succession, to an arrangement in which the same single
set of printing characters which serves for one set of keys serves for the other
also; for if I were thus to limit myself, the most important feature of my inven-
tion, particularly as applied to type-setting and linotyping machines, of the
successive producing of consecutive letters by the simultaneous depressing of
different keys, could be readily ovaded. In brief, the feature of making a single
set of printing-characters, or a single set of letter-controlling devices, or a single
printing mechanism, serve for the two sets of simultaneously-operated keys, [
consider one of great practical value and importance; but other features of my
invention may be used, and particularly the important features of the quick-acting
and slow-acting connections-howover the fact may be expressed-between the
different sets of keys and the parts ultimately controlled by them, whether the
single set of printing-characters, or the single set of letter-controlling devices,
serving alike for both sets of keys, be used or not.
In connection with the electrically-controlled circuit-changing device, illustrated
in the drawings, (see particularly figures 4, 10 and 15,) the most important part
is the magnet controlled by the right-hand keys, (that is, arranged so that it is
brought into action as a result of the depressing of the right-hand keys,) and the
circuit-controllers controlled by such magnet. It is convenient, and in several
ways advantageous, to arrange the parts in such a manner that the circuit-changing
magnet acts through intermediate parts upon the part or parts which directly control
the circuits. But very obviously, the inagnet might act directly upon such parts.
Thus, for example, it will be obvious that the magnet 32, might be made to act
directly in Figure 4, upon any of the parts 22, 23, 25 or 26; and in Figure 10, or
Figure 17, it might be made to act directly upon the circuit-changing lover 71.
Such an arrangement, howover, I consider less advantageous than that illustrated
in the drawing.
The clutch-magnet 42, in Figures 4, 10 and 17, may obviously be dispensed with,
by putting the connection-changing magnet 32 in circuit in the same way in which
the magnet 42 is placed in circuit, so that whenever the circuit is closed, either by
the right-hand keys or by the left-band keys, the current will flow through the
magnet 32. On the whole, however, I consider the arrangement illustrated in the
drawings, in which the connection-changing magnet is in circuit ouly with
the right-hand keys, and in which a clutch-magnet, as 42, is employed, and in
which the connection-changing magnet's armature acts like a hammer upon the
connection-changing parts, so that they are moved and the connections changed
in a very small fraction of a second, to be superior. For by this arrangement the
magnet 32 is made slow-acting in the first instance, so that time is given to the
right-hand-controlled letter-selecting mechanism to act; and in the second place,
the armature of the magnet 32 has ample time from the breaking of the right-
haud-controlled circuit till the next depressing of the keys, to return to its normal
position. But I wish it to be understood that the device may be varied in many ways,
without departing from certain of the more important features of my invention.
The form of permutational letter-selecting device illustrated in Figure 1, is
suitable for use in carrying out my invention; but I do not attach any great
importance to it; it is only one of several that may be used in carrying out my
invention. Indeed, my invention may be used with any suitable form of selecting
device whatever; and I do not restrict myself to the forms illustrated in the
drawings.
Ju the drawings, I show a single battery B, serving both for the right-hand-
controlled circuits and for the left-hand-controlled circuits. This arrangement
is most convenient; but it will be obvious that a separate battery might be

page_text: used for the right-hand-controlled circuits and another for the left-hand-controlled
.circuits.
In the drawings, I show the two sets of keys which, when depressed simul-
taneously, produce their respective letters in rapid succession, arranged in two
groups, one iu convenient position to be operated by the right-hand, and the other
in convenient position to be operated by the left-hand. I consider this arrange-
ment, by which one set of keys is appropriated to one hand and the other set to
the other hand, as by all means most convenient and advantageous; but I wish it
to be understood that the important feature of my invention of two sets or groups
of keys connected with character-devices, so that the keys of the two sets,
depressed simultaneously, make their letters in rapid succession, is not limited to
the arrangement of the two sets of keys in groups corresponding one to the right-
band and the other to the left; for very obviously, the two sets might be
intermixed, so that neither set of keys would belong wholly to either hand alone.
In the descriptive part of this specification, frequently use the expression
""right-hand keys" and "left-hand keys," "right-hand-controlled circuits," and
"left-haud-controlled circuits," and other similar expressions. I uso these expres-
sions as convenient terms of description, and with reference rather to the preferred
construction than to the dry principles of the invention; and I do not wish to be
understood, by using the expressions mentioned, and others of similar import, as
meaning that the two sets of keys are necessarily arranged so that one is acted on
by the right-hand and the other by the left-band, or that the two groups of
circuits are controlled necessarily one by the right-hand and the other by the
left-hand; for while such an arrangement is the one which I consider most
advantageous, it is not indispensable to the carrying out of most important parts
.of my invention.
With the two sets of keys before mentioned, arranged in such a manner that one
.serves for the right-hand and the other for the left-hand, I prefer to arrange the
parts so that the right-hand-controlled keys will produce their letters first and the
left-hand-controlled keys will produce theirs immediately thereafter; but very
obviously, (see Figures 4, 10, 15, 16 and 17,) the arrangement might be reversed,
80 that the left-hand-controlled keys would make their letters first and the right-
hand-controlled keys would make theirs immediately thereafter. It is not a matter
of any great consequence whether the right-hand keys produce their letters first,
or the left-hand keys; but for various reasons it is to some extent more advau-
tageous to assign the producing of the first letter to the right hand.
In connection with the electrical connection-changing device:. It is most
convenient and advantageous to break the right-hand-controlled circuit about the
instant the right-hand-designated letter is produced, and to close the left-hand
controlled circuit at about the instant that the right-hand-controlled circuit is
broken; but neither of these features of construction or arrangement is indie-
pensable to the carrying out of certain important features of my invention, even
where electrical connections are employed, intermediate the keys and the printing-
characters. As to the first point, to wit, the breaking of the right-hand-controlled
circuit, so that the left-hand-controlled magnet can act, if we were to use, 88
obviously we might, a jack escapement device, intermediate the magnets b, b, b, and
the type-levers a, a, substantially similar to the arrangement of jack illustrated in
Figure 16, or to the escapements commonly used in piano-forte actions intermediate
the keys and hammers, or to the jacks used intermediate the keys and the type-
bara in some of the earlier writing machines, (see, for example, the Patent
of the United States of America to Francis, No. 18,504, dated October 27, 1857,
and the Patent of the United States of America to Beach, No. 15,164,
dated June 24, 1856). It will be obvious that the necessity for breaking
the right-hand-controlled circuit, in order that the right-hand-controlled type-
bar might retreat from the printing-point and leave room for the left-hand-controlled
type-bar to print, would be entirely avoided. The arrangement shown in the
drawings, however, of a circuit-changing device, breaking the right-hand-controlled

page_text: circuit at the proper instant, is simpler and more convenient; it is, in fact, a
single simple escapement, serving for all the right-hand-controlled parts.
As to the second point above mentioned, it is not necessary that the closing of
the left-hand-controlled circuit, should depend upon or be in any way connected.
with the breaking of the right-band-controlled circuit. The left-hand-controlled.
circuits may be closed.at the same time as the right-hand-controlled circuits; aud'
by throwing more induction or electrical inertia into the left-hand circuits, (which
could easily be done by placing a laminated soft-iron core inside the coile.l
resistance r, Figures 1 and 9,) so that they would become slow-acting, the left.
hand-coutrolled magnet may easily be made to print its letter in due time after the
right-hand-controlled magnet has printed its letter.
I have illustrated my invention, in the drawings, as applied to a type-writing-
machine of tho type-lever variety, that being the sort which I consider best..
I wish it to be understood, however, that the invention is applicable to every sort
of type-writing machine whatever having kors. The arrangement of keys aul
electric-circuits illustrated, for example in Figures 1, 2 and 3, constitute, it will b
eeen, an arrangement of selecting-devices, having the electro-magnets b, b, b, as the
parts which apply the power to the work to be done, and the various keys, D1, D2,
etc., E, E 2, etc., of the right-band and left-hand sets, with their connections, as
the means by which the different inagnets, b, b, are selected, each as required..
Now, it is a fact well known and long recognized in the art, that a suitable selecting
device may be made to operate any set of keys, and so by operating the keys or
equivalent parts to operate any sort of type writing machine of the key variety.
And it will be obvious upon a moment's reflection, that with my invention, the
maguets b, b, b, may be made to work the key-levers or equivalent parts of any
Bort of type-writing machine whatever, whether of the type-bar class or of the
type-form or key-wheel class, instead of being connected to the type levers a, a, u.
This fact being obvious, and the applicability of suitable selecting devices to the
working of the keys or equivalent parts of any sort of type-writing machine being
known and recoguized in the art, I have not thought it necessary to burden the
drawings with illustrations of this obvious fact. The point to which I wish to call
attention is that the principle of my invention, of depressing two keys simultaneously
and printing first the letter selected by or belonging to one key and then the
letter selected by or belonging to the other, is readily applicable to any sort of
type-writing machine having keys, whether it be a type-lever machine, or a
typeform or key-wheel machine.
In most type-writing machines, it is necessary to depress but one key, in order to-
print a letter. In some othor machines, it is necessary frequently to depress a
plurality of keys, in order to print a character. The essential part of my prosent
invention is applicable to either type. Indeed, my invention may be applied to any
kind of type-writing machine, (and likewise to any sort of type-setting machine,
matrix-making or linotyping machine,) in the following manner for example: Take
the form of my invention illustrated in Figure 9; furnish each key-board with
keys, 61, 62, corresponding to the keys of the machine, which it is desired to
operate, and connect the magnets b, b, (controlled by said keys 61 and 62,) with
the keys or equivalent parts of the machine to be operated.
My invention may be applied, as before mentioned to type-setting machines,.
including under this head linotyping and matrix-making machines. One method
of doing this has been described in the paragraph last preceding. There are
several others. Thus for example, instead of employing the various magnets,.
as b, b, b, illustrated with the keys and connections diagrammatically in Figures 1
and 9, (or the magnets 130, 131, illustrated in Figures 17 and 18,) to operate
type-levers or other parts of a type-writing machine, they may be made very
obviously to operate the keys of any sort of type-setting machine, matrix-making
or linotyping machine, (the armature 62, being connected with the key,) so that
energizing the various magnets b, b, etc., will have the effect of depressing
corresponding keys of the type-setting or linotyping machine; or applying my

page_text: invention to a linotyping or other type-setting machine, the electro-magnets, b, b, etc.,
may obviously be made to operate those ultimate letter-controlling parts which
the keys of such machines operate, (such as the escapement devices of the well-
known Mergenthaler linotype machines, whereby the matrix-pieces corresponding
respectively with the different letters and other characters, are dropped upon the
conveying-belt, each as required. Or with such a device as that illustrated in
Figures 13, 14 and 15, or that illustrated in Figure 16, we may well suppose the
levers 90, 90, (which when the invention was described with reference to a
typewriting machine, were said to correspond with the key-levers of a Remington
Number Two machine), to be the key-levers of a Mergenthaler linotyping machine,
or of any other type-setting machine whatever, controlling the various character-
devices of such machine. Indeed the applicability of my invention to type-setting
machines of all sorts, (including under this term "type-setting machine" the special
varieties known as matrix-making and linotyping machines,) is quite obvious.
person who has mastered the description of my invention to be found in this
specification, and who is skilled in the art pertaining to matrix-making, linotyping
and other type-setting machines, will be able to apply it readily to such machines,
without further description. I desire full protection for all such uses and
applications of my invention.
A
My invention, it will be obvious, may also be applied in connection with printing
telegraphs. And for all such uses I desire full protection.
A great many modifications may be made in the carrying out of my inventiou
without departing from the essentials thereof, which are set out in the paragraphs
of claim at the end hereof. I desire full protection. And I wish it to be vory
distinctly understood that certain of the parts or sub-combinations of my invention
may be used for a variety of purposea in type-writing, type-setting, matrix-making
and linotyping machines, separate from the other parts horoin described. Indeed,
some of the sub-combinations involved in my invention and set forth in the
statement of claim at the end hereof, are capable of a great variety of uses and
applications. I wish full protection as well for such sub-combinations or parts of
my invention as for the whole.
Many of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof,
include as one element, "suitable printing characters," or some other term of
equivalent import. Printing characters, I need not say, are an old element in
machines of the kind to which my invention is applicable, and many different
arrangements of them are known in the art and in common use. In some type-
writing machines, the printing-characters are separate types, mounted each on a
bar of its own. In other type-writing machines, two or more printing characters
are mounted on a single bar and a multiplicity of bars are employed, with meaus
for determining which of the characters on the bar shall be printed. In still other
type-writing machines, all the printing characters are joined together, or formed
integral, to constitute a type-wheel, type-plate or other suitable type-form. In
some matrix-making machines, the printing characters used, are, like those of a
type-writing machine, mounted sometimes on separate bars, sometimes gathered
together into one battery or type-form. In other type-setting machines, or linotyping
machines, the printing characters consist of or are formed upon separato bars,
there being as many bars (at least) as thero aro letters in a line, each bar being
provided with one or more alphabets of characters. In still other machines, such
for oxample, as that well known in the art and trade as the Mergenthaler linotype'
machine, the printing characters consist of separate matrix-pieces, arranged in rows
or groups, a row or group for each different character, each character-group
containing a number of similar and separate matrix-pieces, which are dropped one
by one, as required. Different sorts of machines indeed, require different arrange-
ments of the printing characters. Without undertaking to give an exact definition
of the term "printing characters," I wish it to be understood that the term, as I
use it in this specification, is a term of broad import, including among other
things (a) the separate characters of a bar type-writing machine; (b) the aggregated

page_text: characters of a type-form or key-wheel machine; and (c) the various sorts of
matrix-pieces employed in type-setting machines, matrix-making machines and
linotyping machines. The term printing characters, as applied to this art is, indeed,
nomen generalissimum, and describes a whole group or family of different devices,
all having a certain common resemblance many of which are known in the art;
none of which is new with me; and no particular oue of which is essential or
indispensable to the carrying out of my inventiou. Some arrangement of printing
characters must of course be used for withont printing characters, someway
arranged, no type-writing machine, type-setting machine or other similar machino
can exist; but any suitable arrangement whatever may be used; for important
parts of my invention are applicable to machines of the class under consideration,
generally, as we have already seen, and in connection with a great variety of
printing characters, if not with every sort of arrangement of printing characters.
Some of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof
include "letter-selecting mechanism" or "letter-selecting devices," as one of their
elements. Letter-selecting mechanisms or devices, are of many kinds. Indeed,
hundreds of them have been patented in various countries, for use in type-writing
machines, matrix-making machines, linotyping machines and other type-setting
machines; and many different sorts are in common and public use in Buch instruments.
Without attempting to give an exact definition of the term "letter-selecting
mechanism" or "letter-selecting devices," I wish to say that said terms, as I
understand them and use them in this specification, are terms of broad and general
import, referring generally to the whole group or family of devices employed in
type-writing machines, type-setting machines and other similar instruments,
whereby the different characters are selected or taken, or brought into position or
action, each as required. Some letter-selecting mechanisms include keys as an
integral part; other letter-selecting mechanisms, have a single key, index-piece,
haudle or pointer, by the manipulation of which the different letters are brought
into position or action, cach as required. I have already described that peculiar
form of letter-selecting mechanism which I prefer to employ; but it has also been
made clear, and I wish it to be very distinctly understood, that much of my iuven-
tion may be applied in connection with widely-differing forms of letter-selecting
mechanisms, if not with any sort of letter-selecting mechanism; and that as to much
of my invention, I do not limit myself with regard to the peculiar sort of letter-
selecting mechanism that may be employed. Many forms are known in the art, any
suitable one of which may be used.
I prefer to use letter-selecting mechanisms having keys; hut some important
parts of my invention are capable of being used with selecting devices of the sorts
which have no keys or which have but a single key, and I wish it to be understood
that in those combinations hereinafter set forth, in which selecting-devices or
selecting-mechanisms are mentioned as an element of the combination, and keys
are not mentioned as an element, I do not limit. myself to selecting devices
having keys.
Some of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof
include "letter-controlling mechanism" as an element. "Letter-controlling
mechanism" like "letter-selecting mechanism," is a term of broad and genoral
import, referring to many different things well known in the art, and having a
common resemblance. It is on the whole a broader term than letter-selecting
mechanism, and includes in its meaning all sorts of devices employed in bringing
the printing characters into position or action. Very many different forms of
letter-controlling mechanisms, as above mentioned, are known in the art; several
have been described in this specification; my invention is applicable alike to many
such devices; and I wish it to be understood that when, in the statement of claim,
I mention letter-controlling mechanism, or letter-controlling devices, without further
limitation, I do not limit or restrict myself to any particular sort of letter-
controlling mechanism or letter-controlling devices, but mean to include any
suitable kind.

page_text: Some of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof,
include as an element, "a single sot of ultimate letter-controlling devicos," or
"a single set of ultimate letter-controlling parts "-usually mentioned in connection
with two sets of operating keys and other enumerated parts. The ultimate letter-
controlling devices in differeut machines-type-writing machines of various kinds,
inatrix-making and linotyping machines and other type-setting machines of various
sorts are very different. I do not claim to have invented any now sort of ultimate
letter-controlling devices, or ultimate letter-controlling parts. The thing to which
I refer by this term is something already known in the art and of which, as before
said, there are very many different forms. And what I mean to point out by this
term, "a single set of ultimate letter-controlling devices," or "a single set of
ultimate letter-controlling parts," used in connection with two sets of keys and
other elements enumerated in the various claims in which this term occure, is that
peculiar feature of my invention by which the single set of ultimate letter-
controlling devices-whatever these may be-belonging to the machine are made
to serve in rapid succession for the making of consecutive letters by simultaneous
actions of the operator. This I do by means of quick-acting and slow-acting
connections between the different sets of keys and the single set of ultimate lettor-
controlling parts, the quick-acting connections serving to make or select their
letter first from the single set of ultimate letter-controlling parts, and the slow-
acting connectious or devices serving immediately thereafter to make or select
their letter from the same set of ultimate letter-controlling parts. But the feature
of the quick-acting and slow-acting connections between the different sets of keys
and the printing characters, or between the different sets of keys and the electro-
magnets, or between the different sets of keys and the power-devices, etc., is not
necessarily limited, I wish it to be understood, to the feature of using quick-acting
and slow-acting selecting devices with one single set of ultimate letter-controlling
parts; for this feature of quick-acting and slow-acting devices, acted on by the
operator at the same instant and producing their characters in rapid succession, is
capable of use with separate sets of ultimate letter-controlling devices for the
different sets of keys, as well as with a single set of ultimate Jetter-controlling
devices, serving alike for both sets of keys.
Several of the combinations set forth in the statoment of claim at the end hereof
include as an element a permutational letter-selecting device. I do not claim in
this application, any now form of permutational letter-selecting device, considered
by itself alone. I have already described that particular form of permutational
letter-selecting device which I consider on the whole most convenient, and which
I prefer to employ; but to which I do not at all limit myself. Various other
forms of permutational letter-selecting devices have been patented and are known
in the art. Such dovices are described for example, in the following Patents of
the United States of America, to-wit to Munson, No. 246,411, dated August 30,
1881, and No. 352,143, dated November 9, 1886; to Byerlen, No. 331,275, dated
December 1, 1885; to Cahill, No. 502,700, dated August 8, 1893, No. 531,904,
dated January 1, 1895, and No. 541,222, dated June 18, 1895; to Cassagnos,
No. 460,349, dated September 29, 1891; to Ganse, No. 331,629, dated December 1,
1885, No. 382,298, dated May 8, 1888, No. 386,776 dated July 24, 1888, and
Nos. 390,768 and 390,769, dated October 9, 1888. The one feature which all
permutational letter-selecting devices bave in common is their capacity to produce
different letters by different combinations or permutations of the keys or equivalent
parts, so that a small number of keys is made to serve, by taking them in different
combinations or permutations for a larger number of characters. Permutational
letter-selecting devices, being things well known in the art, having the one feature
above mentioned in common, and being otherwise infinitely diversified, I do not
restrict myself in the carrying out of my invention to any particular sort; for my
present invention, so far us. permutational letter-selecting devices are concerned,
does not consist in any new or particular form of permutational letter-selecting

page_text: device, but in the combination of a suitable device of this sort with other elements,
as enumerated in the statement of claim at the end heroof.
Several of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the end
hereof, include "power-connectious," as an element. Those power-connections
are specified as being intermediate the keys and the letter-controlling parts, or
intermediate the keys and the ultimate letter-controlling parts. By power-
connections, I mean parts which connect the keys with the letter-controlling parts,
and serve to supply power other than that exerted by the operator upon the keys,
to the letter-controlling parts. Various sorts of power-connections are known. In
the preferred device, illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, a multiplicity of electro-
magnets, constitute the power-connections. So in the devices of Figures 9 and 17.
In the form of device illustrated in Figures 13, 14 and 16, the powor-connections
consist of one magnet, serving for the quick-acting keys, and another magnet
serving for the slow-acting keys. But electro-magnets are only one form of
power-connection out of several known forms. An arrangement of cams is another
form. Pneumatic power connections are used in other key-board instruments,
such as orgaus, for au analogous purpose, to-wit, to connect the keys with the parts
coutrolled by them; and in piano-fortes and in type-setting machines of some sorts
friction-driver power-connections are used to connect the keys with the parts
controlled by them. I uso the term "power connections" as a term of broad and
general meaning, including all sorts of suitable connections controlled by the keys,
and acting upon the letter-controlling parts with power other than that exerted
by the operator upon the keys. The chief benefit arising from the use of power
connections in type-writing machines, type-setting machines and other similar
instrumente, is that it makes the touch lighter and so reduces the labor of the
operator and increases the speed with which he can operate his machine.
In one or more of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the
end hereof, the term "power mechanism" is used. This term is used in a sense
largely similar to that of power conuections, already explained; and in general,
what has been said with roferonce to power connections, applies to power
mechanism.
Some of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof
include, as an element, "electro-magnetic letter-selecting mechanism," or "electro-
magnetic-letter-controlling mechanism," or "electro-magnetic connections," and
other similar expressions. I have already explained what I mean by letter-
selecting mechanism and letter-controlling mechanism. By electro-magnetic
letter-selecting mechanism, I mean letter-selecting mechanism including one or
more electro-magnetic devices. By electro-magnetic letter-controlling mechanism
I mean letter-controlling mechanism, including one or more electro-magnetic
devices. By electro-magnetic connections, I mean connections including oue or
more electro-magnets. An electro-magnetic letter-selecting device, or an electro-
magnetic letter-controlling device, or an electro-magnetic connection, may consist
chiefly of electro-magnets with their circuits and electric connections; or it may
consist chielly of mechanical devices, controlled in a greater or less degree by one
or more electro-magnets. Thus, in the preferred construction, illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, the letter-selecting device is composed chiefly of the electro-
magnets, b, b, b, with their electrical connectious, while in the device of Figures 13,
14 and 15, one magnet only is used for cach letter-selecting device or system of
connections, the major portion of the selecting device or system of connections
being wholly mechanical.
In various places in this specification and in the statement of claim at the
end hereof, such terms as (a) "quick-acting letter-selecting mechanism," and
"slow-acting letter-selecting mechanism," or (b) "quick-acting letter-controlling
mechanism," and "slow-acting letter-controlling mechanism," or (c) "quick-acting
connections" and "slow-acting connections," and other similar expressions are
used. What I mean by letter-selecting mechanism and letter-controlling
mechanism, has already been explained; and connections is a word of such

page_text: obvious import that explanation of its meaning is unnecessary. What I refer to,
in the phrases above mentioned, and in similar phrases, by the words quick-acting
and slow-acting, is the length of time elapsing between the depressing of the
key or other similar action of the operator, and the bringing of the corresponding
letter into position or action. Thus by a quick-acting letter-selecting device, or a
quick-acting lotter-controlling device, I mean a letter-selecting device or a letter-
controlling device which brings its letter into position or action in a short interval
of time after the depressing of the key or other action of the operator employed
for the production of the letter; and by a slow-acting lotter-selecting device or a
slow-acting letter-controlling device, I mean a letter-selecting dovice or a letter-
controlling device which requires a longer interval of time, after the depressing of
the key or other corresponding action of the operator, to bring its letter into
position or action. By quick-acting connections between keys and printing-
characters, or between keys and electro-magnets, or between keys and other
specified parts, I mean connections which effect the action of the keys upon the
parts with which they connect the keys, in a short interval of time after the
depressing of the keys; and by slow-acting connections between the keys and
printing characters, or between keys and electro-magnets, or between keys and
other named parts, I mean connections which effect the action of the keys upon
the parts with which they connect the keys in a longer interval of time, after the
depressing of the keys. Several different ways of making the one set of parts
quick-acting and the other set of parts slow-acting have been herein before described,
and doubtless other ways may be employed. I do not restrict or limit myself in
this regard to any particular sort of quick-acting or slow-acting parts; for my
invention does not consist either in quick-acting parts or slow-acting parts,
considered separately, but in the combination of parts or sets of parts, organized
so that the one acts quickly and the other more slowly, so that when acted on by
the operator simultaneously, they produce their respective actions successively.
And when I speak of quick-acting and slow-acting circuits, or of quick -operating
circuits. and slow-operating circuits, I mean respectively circuits which produce
their actions in a short interral of time and circuits which produce their actions in
a longer interval of time after the depressing of the keys or other corresponding
actions of the operator. Whether this difference in the rapidity of operation of
the circuits be made electrically, by giving different time-coustants to the quick-
acting and slow-acting circuits respectively, as bereiubofore pointed out (as for
example by adding self-induction to the left-hand controlled circuit or circuits, to
an extent sufficient to make them slow-operating,) or whether it be made mechanically,
by postponing the completing of the slow-acting circuit or circuits for an instant
after the depressing of the keys and after the completing of the quick-acting
circuit or circuits, (after the fashiou, for example, of such devices as those
illustrated in Figures 4, 10 and 15,) is entirely immaterial, so far as important
features of my invention are concerned. In type-writing machines, indeed,
I consider it somewhat preferable, for various practical reasons, to make the
difference in the rapidity of action of the quick-acting circuits and the slow-acting
circuits, by postponing the completing of the slow-acting circuits until an instant
after the depressing of the keys; but this is not indispensable, even in type-
writing machines; and it is little if any preferable to the other method above
mentioned of making the circuits slow-acting, in connection with machines other
than type-writers, to which my invention is applicable, such as matrix-making,
linotyping and other type-setting inachines.
In several places in this specification, and particularly in the statement of
claim at the end hereof, I speak of two sets of letter-selecting devices, or
of two letter-selecting mechanisms, or of two sets of letter-controlling parts
or devices, or of two sets of keys, or other parts, "bringing their respective
letters into action successively," or of the two letters belonging respec-
tively to the two sets of parts before mentioned, being "brought into action
successively or "produced successively"; or I express of the two sets of parts
"

page_text: the limitation that they "produce their letters successively, or that they
"produce their respective letters in rapid succession," or that they "act succe
sively for the production of their respective letters." I use the terms "brought
into action" and "produced," synonymously in the phrases above quoted; and in
the sense in which I employ the language in this specification, a letter is brought
into action or produced in a type-writing machine when it is printed; and the same
is generally true of those sorts of matrix-making and linotyping machines, in which
a soft or plastic material is impressed by the different characters separately and
Buccessively; and in those type-setting machines, matrix-making machines and
linotyping machines, in which one or more lines of type- or matrix-pieces are set
up, from which, after they are set up, an impression is taken, a letter is brought
into action or produced, so far as the work of the oporator is concerned, and in the
sense of the language employed in this specification, when the type or the matrix-
piece corresponding to such letter-in other words, the printing character, whatever
that may be is taken from its separate place to its place in the assemblage of
types, matrix-pieces or printing characters, forming into a line.
Some of the combinations set forth in the statement of claim at the end hereof,
include as an element, "permutational circuit-selecting mechanism," or "permuta-
tional circuit-selecting devices." Figures 1 and 17, illustrate diagrammatically the
sort of permutational circuit-selecting mechanism which I prefer to employ. I do
not, however, at all limit or restrict myself to the particular sort of permutational
circuit-selecting mechanism illustrated in these figures. I do not, in this
application, claim the invention of any peculiar or now sort of permutational
circuit-selecting mechanism, considered by itself alone; and I refer by these words
"permutational circuit-selecting mechanism," or "permutational circuit-selecting
devices," to something of which several different forms are already known in the
art. Permutational circuit-selecting devices are illustrated, for example, in the
patents of the United States of America, to Munson, No. 246,411, dated
August 30, 1881, and No. 352,143, dated November 9, 1886; and to Beyerlen,
No. 331,275, dated December 1, 1885; and other forms are known. I have myself
invented quite a number of different forms of permutational circuit-selecting
devices. Various forms are casily devised. All permutational oircuit-selecting
devices have one feature in common, to-wit, the capacity to close or otherwise
affect, by a small number of keys, acting in different combinations or permutations,
a larger number of circuits, each as required. This is the one point in which they
are alike; in other respects they are infinitely diversified. And without attempting
an exact definition of the term, "permutational circuit-selecting mechanism," or
"permutational circuit-selecting devices," I would say that I use such terms broadly,
as general terms for the whole group of such devices; and that I do not limit or
restrict myself, in the corrying out of my invention, to any particular sort.
In various places in this specification, and particularly in the statement of claim
at the end hereof, I speak of "a type-writing machine, type-setting machine or
other similar instrument," or "type-writing machines, type-setting machines and
other similar instruments. By these and similar phruses, I refer to the whole
genus or family of machines employed in producing printed matter by the
Buccessive production of tho several words and characters, as substitutes for writing
by hand; and also to the whole genus or family of machines employed to set
type, or to make up type, as substitutes for setting it up by hand; and in particular,
I refer by the language above quoted as well (a) to those machines which are
technically called matrix-making machines, and (b) to those machines which are
technically termed linotyping machines, or linotype machines, as to those which
actually make up the whole form of type out of soparate types set together.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. In a type-writing machines, type-setting machine or other similar instrument,

page_text: an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including in combination, (a) suitable printing characters; (b) a quick-
acting letter-selecting mechanism, adapted to afford facility to the operator to
produce, by its manipulation, various letters singly, each as desired; and (c) a
Blow-acting letter-selecting mechanism, also adapted to afford facility to the
operator to produce, by its manipulation, various letters singly, each as desired;
the two letter-selecting mechanisms mentioned being adapted and arranged to be
operated simultaneously, and serving when thus simultaneously operated for the
production of consecutivo letters, one letter from each of the two letter-selecting
mechanisms above mentioned; the quick-acting letter-selecting mechanism above
mentioned and the slow-noting letter-selecting mechanism above mentioned being
arranged to have such differing rapidities of action that when operated simul-
taneously, as before mentioned, they bring their respective letters into action
Buccessively.
2. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
two hands of the operator, including in combination, (a) suitable printing charactors;
(b) a quick-acting letter-selecting mechanism, nadapted to afford facility to the
operator to produce, by its manipulation, various letters singly, each as desired;
and (c) a slow-acting fotter-selecting mechanism, also adapted to afford facility to
the operator to produce by its manipulation, various letters singly, each as desired;
the two letter-selecting mechanisms mentioned being adapted and arranged to be
operated simultaneously, one by the right-hand and the other by the left-haud of
the operator, and serving when thus simultaneously operated, for the production
of consecutive letters, one letter from each of the two letter-selecting mechanisms
above mentioned; the quick-acting letter-selecting mechanism above mentioned,
and the slow-acting letter-selecting mechanism above mentioned, being arranged to
have auch differing rapidities of action that when operated simultaneously, one by
the right-band and the other by the left-hand of the operator, as before mentioned,
they bring their respective letters into action successively.
3. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrumont,
an organization for the production of consecutive letters by the simultaneous
depressing of different keys, including in combination, suitable printing characters;
two sets of keys, each set being adapted to afford facility to the operator to
produce by the manipulation of its various keys, various letters individually, each
as desired; the keys of the two sets being arranged in such juxtaposition that
keys of each set can be depressed by the operator at the same instant; keys of the
two sets operating, when thus depressed simultaneously, for the production of
Consecutive lettere, one letter from each set; quick-acting letter-controlling
menbanism, connected with one of the sets of keys above mentioned; and slow-
acting letter-controlling mechanism, connected with the other set of keys before
mentioned; the quick-acting and the slow-acting letter-controlling mechanisms
above mentioned, being arranged with such differing rapidities of action, that when
keys of the two sets before mentioned are depressed simultaneously, the two
letters belonging respectively to them are produced successively.
4. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by the simultaneous depressing of
different keys, including in combination, a single set of ultimate letter-controlling
parts; two sets of keys, each set being adapted to afford facility to the operator
to produce, hy the manipulation of its various keys, various letters individually,
each as required; the keye of the two sets being arranged in such juxtaposition
that keys of each set can be depressed by the operator at the same instant;
keys of the two sets operating, when thus depressed simultaneously for the
production of consecutive letters, one letter from each set; quick-acting connections
connecting the keys of one of the sets before mentioned with the set of ultimate
letter-controlling parts above mentioned; and slow-acting connections, connecting
the keys of the other set before mentioned with the same sot of ultimate letter-

page_text: controlling parts above mentioned; the quick-acting connections and the slow-acting
connections above mentioned being arranged with such differing rapidities of action
that when keys of the two sets before mentioned are depressed simultaneously, the
two letters belonging respectively to them are brought into action successively..
5. In a typo-writing machine or other similar instrument, and in combination,.
type-hars arranged so that they play to a common printing center; two sets of
keys, adapted to be operated simultaneously, and serving to afford facility to the
operator to make consecutive letters two at a time, one letter from each set of
keys; quick-acting connections intermediate one set of the keys above mentioned
and the type-bars controlled thereby; and slow-acting connections intermediate
the other set of keys before mentioned and the type-bars controlled thereby; the
quick-acting connections and the slow-acting connections aforesaid being arranged
with such differing rapidities of operation, that when keys of the two sets are
depressed simultaneously, the type-bars controlled respectively by the keys
depressed of the two sets before mentioned, print their respective letters in rapid
succession.
6. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including (a) suitable printing characters; (b) a quick-acting letter-
controlling mechanism, serving for the production of letters individually; (c) a
slow-acting letter-controlling mechanism, also serving for the production of letters
individually, each as desired; one of the letter-controlling mechanisms above
mentioned being a permutational letter-selecting device, having a number of keys
less than the number of characters controlled by it; said permutational letter-
selecting device being arranged in such a manner that its small number of koys,
operating in various combinations or permutations, serves to designate individually
the various letters controlled by it; the quick-acting and the slow-acting letter-
controlling mechanisms above mentioned being arranged with such differing
rapidities of operation, that when acted upon by the operator simultaneously, they
produce their respective letters successively.
7. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator including (a) suitable printing characters; (b) a quick-acting permuta-
tional letter-selecting mechanism, serving for the production of letters individually;
and (c) a slow-acting permutational lotter-selecting mechanism, also serving for the
production of letters individually; each of the permutational letter-selecting
mechanisms above mentioned having a number of koys less than the number
of characters controlled by it, and being arranged in such a manner that its small
number of keys, operating in various permutations or combinations, serves to
designate the various characters for which it serves; the two sets of keys belonging
respectively one set to the quick-acting and the other set to the slow-acting
permutational letter-selecting devices above mentioned being adapted to be
depressed simultaneously; the quick-acting and the slow-acting permutational
letter-selecting devices hereinbefore mentioned, being arranged with such differing
rapidities of operation that when acted on by the operator simultaneously, they
produce their respective letters successively.
8. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument.
and in combination, two sets of keys, adapted to be operated simultaneously, and
serving to afford facility to the operator to produce consecutive letters simultaneously,
one letter from each set of keys; suitable letter-controlling parts; quick-acting
power-connections intermediate one set of keys and the letter-controlling parts con-
trolled by such keys; and slow-acting power-connections intermediate the other set
of keys and the letter-controlling parts controlled by such keys; the whole being
constructed and arranged in such a manuer that when keys of the two sets are
depressed simultaneously, the power-connections belonging respectively to them, aut
upon the letter-controlling parts before mentioned, successively.
9. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,

page_text: and in combination, one set of ultimate letter-controlling parts; two sets of keys,
operating such ultimate letter-controlling parts; the keys of the two sets being
adapted and arranged to be depressed simultaneously, and serving to afford facility
to the operator to produce consecutive letters simultaneously, one from each set of
keys; a quick-acting power connection intermediate one set of keys and the
ultimate letter-controlling parts before mentioned; and a slow-acting power-
connection intermediate the other set of keys and the set of ultimate lotter-
controlling parts before mentioned; the whole being constructed and arranged in
such a manner that when keys of the two sets before mentioned are depressed
simultaneously, the power-connections belonging respectively to them act succes-
sively upon the corresponding ultimate letter-controlling parts belonging to the one
sét before mentioned.
10. In a type-writing machine, or other similar instrument and in combination,
two sets of keys, adapted to be operated simultaneously, and serving to afford
facility to the operator to produce consecutive letters two at a time; a set of type-
bars, arranged so that they strike to a common printing-center; quick-acting
connections intermediate ono of the sets of keys before mentioned and the type-bars
before mentioned; and slow-acting connections intermediate the other sot of keys
before mentioned and the set of type-bars aforesaid; the connections before
mentioned including power mechanism, serving for the impelling of the type-bars;
the quick-acting connections and tho slow-acting connections aforesaid being
constructed with such differing rapidities of operation that when keys of the two
sets before mentioned aro depressed simultaneously, the type-bars controlled
respectively by the keys depressed of the two sets before mentioned, print
successively.
11. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including in combination (a) suitable printing characters; (b) a quick-
acting electro-magnetic letter-selecting mechanism, adapted to afford facility to
the operator to produce by its manipulation various letters singly, each as desired;
and (c) a slow-acting electro-magnetic letter-selecting mechanism, also adapted
to afford facility to the operator to produce by its manipulation various letters
singly, each as desired; the two letter-selecting mechanisms mentioned being
adapted and arranged to operate simultaneously and serving when thus simul
taneously operated for the production of consecutive letters, one letter from each
of the two selecting mechanisms above mentioned; the quick-acting letter-selecting
mechanism above mentioned and the slow-acting letter-selecting mechanism above
mentioned, being arranged to have such differing rapidities of action, that when
operated simultaneously, they produce their respective letters successively.
12. In a type-writing machine, type-sotting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for the production of consecutive letters by the simultaneous
depressing of different keys, including, in combination, a suitable system of printing
characters; two sets of keys, each set being adapted to afford facility to the
operator to produce, by the manipulation of its various keys, various letters indi-
vidually, each as required; the keys of the two sets being arranged in such
juxtaposition that keys of each set can be depressed by the operator at the same
instant; keys of the two sets operating, when thus depressed simultaneously, for
the production of consecutive lettere, one letter from each set; quick-acting
electro-magnetic letter-controlling mechanism, connected with one of the sets
of keys ahove mentioned; and slow-acting electro-magnetic letter-coutrolling
mechanism, connected with the other set of keys before mentioned; the quick-
acting and the slow-acting letter-controlling mechanisms above mentioned, being
arranged with such differing rapidities of action that when keys of the two sets
before mentioned are depressed simultaneously, the two letters belonging
respectively to them are produced successively.
13. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by the simultaneous depressing of

page_text: different keys, including in combination, a single set of ultimate letter-controlling
devices; two sets of keys, each set being adapted to afford facility to the operator
to produce, by the manipulation of its various keys, various letters individually,
each as required; the keys of the two sets being arranged in such juxtaposition
that keys of each set can be depressed by the operator at the same instant; keys
of the two sets operating, when thus depressed simultaneouley, for the production
of consecutive letters, one letter from each set; quick-acting electro-magnetic
mechanism, connecting the keys of one of the sets before mentioned with the set
of ultimate letter-controlling devices above mentioned; and slow-acting electro-
magnetic mechanism, connecting the keys of the other set before mentioned with
the same set of ultimate letter-controlling devices before mentioned; the quick-
acting connections and the slow-acting connections above mentioned being arranged
to have such differing rapidities of action that when keys of the two sets bofore
mentioned are depressed simultaneously, the two letters belonging respectively to
them are brought into action auccessively.
14. In a type-writing machine, and in combination type-bars arranged so that
they play to a common printing-center; two sets of keys adapted to be operated
simultaneously, and serving to afford facility to the operator to make consecutive
letters two at a time, one letter from each set of keys; quick-acting electro-
magnetic connections intermediate one set of the keys before mentioned and the
type-bars controlled thereby; and slow-acting electro-magnetic connections
intermediate the other set of keys before mentioned and the type-bars controlled
thereby the quick-acting connections and the slow-acting connections aforesaid
being arranged with such differing rapidities of operation that when keys of the
two sets are depressed simultaneously, the type-bars controlled respectively by the
keys depressed of the two sets before mentioned, print their respective letters in
rapid succession.
15. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,'
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including (a) suitable printing characters; (b) a set of quick-operating
electric-circuits, controlling printing characters; (c) a set of slow-operating
electric-circuits, also controlling printing characters; (d) circuit-controlling
mechanism for the quick-operating circuits, adapted to afford facility to the
operator to produce by its manipulation various letters singly, as desired;
and (e) circuit-controlling mechanism for the slow-operating circuits, also adapted to
afford facility to the operator for the production of various letters singly, each as
desired the two circuit-controlling mechanisms mentioned being adapted aud
arranged to be operated simultaneously for the production of consecutive letters,
one from each; the quick-operating circuits above mentioned and the slow-
operating circuits above mentioned being arranged with such differing rapidities
of operation that when their respective circuit-controlling devices are acted on
by the operator simultaneously, they produce their respective letters successively..
16. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,'
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including (a) suitable printing characters; (b) a set of quick-operating
electric-circuits, controlling printing characters; (c) a set of slow-operating electric'
circuits, also controlling printing characters; (d) keys for the quick-operating
circuits, arranged and "adapted so that they afford facility to the operator to'
produce by their manipulation various letters singly, as desired; and (e) keys for
the slow-operating circuits, also adapted to afford facility to the operator to
produce by their manipulation, various letters singly, as desired; the two sets of
keys above mentioned being adapted and arranged to be noted on simultaneously'
by the operator for the production of consecutive letters, one from each set; the
quick-operating circuits above mentioned and the slow-operating circuits above'
mentioned being arranged to have such differing rapidities of operation that when
keys controlling quick-operating and slow-operating circuits are acted upon
simultaneously by the operator, they produce their respective letters successively
E

page_text: 17. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including in combination with suitablo printing characters (a) suitable
electro-magnets; (b) two sets of keys, controlling printing characters, through the
intervention of the electro-magnets before mentioned; each set of keys being adapted
to afford facility to the operator to produce, by the manipulation of its various keys,
various letters individually, each as required; the keys of the two sets being
arranged in such juxtaposition that keys of each set can be depressed by the
operator at the same instant; keys of the two sets operating, when thus depressed
simultaneously, for the production of consecutive letters, one letter from each set;
(c) quick-operating connections intermediato one of the sets of keys above
mentioned and the electro-magnet or magnets controlled thereby; and (d) slow-
operating connections intermediate the other set of keys above mentioned and the
electro-magnet or magnets controlled thereby; tho quick-operating and slow-
operating connections above mentioned, being arranged with such differing
rapidities of operation that when keys of the two sets above mentioned
are depressed simultaneously, they bring their respective letters into operation
successively.
18. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including in combination with suitable printing characters, (a) a set of
electro-magnets, controlling the printing characters; (b) two sets of keys acting
upon the one set of electro-magnets above mentioned; each set of keys being
arranged and adapted to afford facility to the operator to produce, by its
manipulation, various letters singly, each as desired, through the action of said
keys upon the character-controlling electro-magnets above mentioned; the keys of
the two sets above mentioned being arranged in such juxtaposition that keys of
each set can be depressed simultaneously; keys of the two sets operating, when
thus depressed simultaneously for the production of consecutive letters, one letter
from each set; (c) quick-operating connections intermediate ono set of keys and
the set of electro-magnets above mentioned; and (d) slow-operating connections
intermediate the other set of keys and the same set of electro-maguets above
mentioned; the quick-operating connections and the slow-operating connections above
mentioned being arranged with such differing rapidities of operation that when
keys of the two sets above mentioned are depressed simultaneously, the electro-
magnets of the single set of electro-magnets above mentioned, affected respectively
by the one set of keys and by the other set of keys above mentioned, operate
successively, so that the characters belonging to the keys of the two sets above
mentioned, depressed simultaneously, are brought into action successively.
19. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by the simultaneous depressing
of different keys, including, in combination with suitable printing characters, (a) &
set of electro-magnets controlling the printing characters above mentioned; (b) a
set of circuits, each circuit of the set including, when. closed, one of the electro-
magnets above mentioned; (c) another set of circuits, each including when closed,
one of the electro-magnets before mentioned; the whole arrangement being such
that each of a plurality of the magnets of the set above mentioned forms a part of
one of the circuits belonging to the set of circuits first above mentioned and also
forms a part of one of the circuits belonging to the set of circuits second in this
paragraph mentioned; and (d) two sets of keys, one set of keys controlling one of
the sets of circuits before mentioned, and the other set of keys controlling the
other set of circuits before mentioned, ench set of keys, with its controlled circuits
and other dependent parts being adapted to afford facility to the operator to
produce, by its manipulatiou various letters as required; the two sets of keys
being arranged in such juxtaposition that keys of each set, can be depressed by
the operator at the same time; keys of the two sets operating, when thus depressed.
simultaneously, for the production of consecutive letters; the whole. being.

page_text: constructed and arranged in such a manner that the circuits belonging to one of the
sets above mentioned energize their magnets immediately upon the depressing of
the keys, while the circuits of the other set energize their magnets an instant after
the depressing of the keys, so that when keys of the two sets above mentioned
are depressed simultaneously, they bring their respective letters into action
Buccessively.
20. In a type-writing machine, or other similar instrument, au organization for
producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the operator, including in
combination (a) type-bars arranged so that they play to a common printing-center;
(b) a set of electro-magnels, serving for the impelling of the type-bars; (c) two
sets of keys acting upon the one set of electro-magnets above mentioned; each
set of keys being arranged and adapted so that it affords facility to the operator
to produce, by its manipulation, various lotters singly, each as desired, through the
nction of the keys upon the type-bar-impelling electro-magnets above mentioned;
the keys of the two sets above mentioned being arranged in such juxtaposition that
keys of each set can be depressed simultaneously; koys of the two sets operating
when thus depressed simultaneously, for the production of consecutive letters, one
letter from each set of keys; (d) quick-operating connections intermediate one set
of keys and the set of electro-magnets above mentioned; and (e) slow-operating
connections intermediate the other set of keys and the same set of electro-magnets
above mentioned; the quick-operating connections and the slow-operating
connections above mentioned, being arranged with such differing rapidities of
operation that when keys of the two sots above mentioned are depressed simul-
taneously, the electro-magnets of the single set of electro-magnets above mentioned,
affected respectively by the one set of keys and by the other set of keys above
mentioned, impel their respective type-bars to the printing-point successively, so
that the characters belonging to the keys of the two sets above mentioned,
depressed simultaneously, are brought into action successively.
21. In a type-writing machine, or other similar instrument, an organization for
producing consecutivo letters by the simultaneous depressing of different keys,
including, in combination, (a) type-bars arranged so that they play to a common
printing-center; (b) a set of electro-magnets, serving to actuate said type-bars;
(c) a set of circuits, each circuit of the set including, when closed, one of the
electro-magnets before mentioned; (d) another set of circuits, each including,
when closed, one of the electro-magnets before mentioned; the whole arrangement
being such that each of a plurality of the magnets of the set above mentioned
forms a part of one of the circuits belonging to the set of circuits first above
mentioned, and also forms a part of one of the circuits belonging to the set of
circuits second in this paragraph mentioned; and (e) two sets of keys, one set
of keys controlling one of the sets of circuits above mentioned, and the other set of
keys controlling the other set of circuits above mentioned; each set of keys, with
its controlled circuits and other dependent parts, being adapted to afford facility
to the operator to produce, by its manipulation, various letters individually, each
as required; the two sets of keys being arranged in such juxtaposition that keys of
each set can be depressed by the operator at the same time; koys of the two sets
operating, when thius depressed simultaneously, for the production of consecutive
letters, one letter from each set; the whole being constructed and arranged in such
a manner that the circuits belonging to one of the sets above mentioned energize
their maguets immediately upon the depressing of the keys, while the circuits of
the other set energize their magnets an instant after the depressing of the keys,
so that when keys of the two sets above mentioned are depressed simultaneously,
they bring their respective type-bars into action successively.
22. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including, in combination with suitable printing characters, a quick-acting
letter-controlling mechanism, serving for the making of letters individually; a
slow-acting letter-controlling mechanism, alan serving for the making of lettors

page_text: individually, each as desired; the two letter-controlling mechanisms mentioned
being arranged and adapted to be operated simultaneously, one by the right-hand
and the other by the left-hand; ono, at least, of the letter-controlling mechanisms
above mentioned having (a) a plurality of circuits, and (b) permutational circuit-
selecting mechanism, with a number of circuit-controlling keys less than the numbor
of circuits controlled by them; said permutational circuit-selecting mechanism
being constructed and arranged in such a manner that its small number of keys,
operating in various permutations or combinations, serves to affect individually the
various circuits before mentioned, each as required; the quick-acting and the slow-
acting letter-controlling mechanisms above mentioned being arranged with such
differing rapidities of operation that when acted on by the operator simultaneously
for the production of consecutive letters, they bring their respective letters into
action successively.
23. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by simultaneous actions of the
operator, including in combination with suitable printing characters, two letter-
selecting mechanisms, adapted to coact for the production of consecutive letters and
each including (a) a plurality of circuits, and (b) a permutational circuit-selecting
mechanism, having a number of circuit-controlling keys less than the number of
circuits to be controlled by them; such permutational circuit-selecting mechanism
being constructed and arranged in such a manner that its small number of keys,
operating aingly and in various permutations or combinations serves to affect
individually the various circuits belonging to it, each as required; the two sets of
keys belonging respectively to the two letter-selecting mechanisms above-mentioned
being adapted to be depressed simultaneously, and operating, when thus simul-
taneously depressed, for the production of consecutive letters, one from each set
of keys.
24. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters in pairs by simultaneous actions
of the operator, including in combination with suitable printing characters two
letter-selecting mechanisms, each adapted to afford facility to the operator to
produce, by its manipulation, various letters individually, each as required, to-wit,
a quick-acting letter-selecting mechanisin and a slow-acting letter-selecting
mechanisin, each of said letter-selecting mechanisins including (a) a plurality
of circuits, aud (b) a permutational circuit-selecting mechanism, having a number
of keys less than the number of circuits controlled by them; the permutational
circuit-selecting mechanisms aforementioned being each constructed and arranged
in such a manner that its small number of keys, acting singly and in various
combinations or permutations, serves to affect individualy the various circuits
belonging to it, each as desired; the two sets of keys before mentioned, belonging
respectively one set to the quick-acting letter-selecting mechanism and the other
set to the slow-acting letter-selecting mechanism, being adapted to be depressed
simultaneously, and operating, when thus simultaneously depressed, for the
production of consecutive letters, one from each set of keys; the quick-acting
and the slow-acting letter-selecting mechanisms above mentioned being arranged
with such differing rapidities of operation that when acted on by the operator
simultaneously, as above mentioned, they produce their respective letters
successively.
25. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters in pairs by simultaneous opera-
tions of the two hands of the operator, including in combination, two letter-
selecting mechanismus, each adapted to afford facility to the operator to produce,
by its manipulation, various letters singly, as desired; the two letter-selecting
mechanisms mentioned being adapted and arranged to be operated simultaneously,
one by the right-hand and the other by the left-hand of the operator, and serving
when thus simultaneously operated, for the production of consecutive letters, one
from each selecting mechanism; the two selecting mechanisms above mentioned

page_text: being constructed, connected and arranged in such a manner that one of the
selecting mechanisms, in acting to mako its letter, brings the other letter-selecting
mechanism into action for the making of its letter; so that the two selecting
mechanisms above mentioned, when acted on by the two hands of the operator
simultaneously, for the production of consecutive letters, one from each, produce
their respective letters in rapid succession.
26. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters in pairs by the simultaneous
depressing of different keys, including in combination, (a) a set of keys, and
letter-selecting mechanism connected therewith, the keys and letter-selecting
mechanism being adapted to afford facility to the operator to produce by the
manipulation of the various keys, various letters individually, each as required;
and (b) another set of keys and letter-selecting mechanism connected therewith,
adapted to afford facility to the operator to produce by the manipulation of the
various keys, various lotters individually, oach as desired; the whole being
constructed and arranged in such a manner that one of the letter-selecting
mechanisms, when acting to make a letter, brings the other selecting mechanism
into action for the making of its letter, so that the two solecting mechanisms,
when their keys are operated simultaneously, produce their letters successively.
27. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters in pairs by the simultaneous
depressing of different keys, including, in combination, (a) a set of keys, and a
letter-selecting mechanism controlled thereby; (b) another set of keys and letter-
selecting mechanism controlled by them; each of the sets of keys above mentioned
with its dependent letter-selecting mechanism, being adapted to afford facility
to the operator to produce by the manipulation of its various keys, various letters
singly, each as desired; and (e) a key-controlled device, serving to bring the
letter-selecting mechanism connected with one of the sets of keys above mentioned
into action a short interval of time after the depressing of the keys and after the
letter-selecting mechanism connected with the other set of keys above mentioned;
so that when the keys of the two sets above mentioned are depressed simultaneously,
the letter-selecting mechanisms controlled respectively by them aut successively
for the production of their respective letters.
28. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters in pairs by the simultaneous
depressing of different keys, including, in combination, a set of keys and dependont
letter-controlling parts connected therewith including power-mechanism; another
set of keys and dependent letter-controlling parts connected therewith, likewise
including power-mechanism; each of the sets of keys above mentioned being
adapted, with its dependent parts, to afford facility to the operator for making
various letters singly, each as desired; tho two sets of keys being adapted to be
acted on by the operator simultaneously, for the production of consecutive letters,
one letter from each set of keys; key-controlled means, whereby the power-
mechanism above mentioned, connected with one set of keys, is brought into action
immediately upon the depressing of koys of such set; and a device serving to
bring the power mechanism controlled by the other set of keys before mentioned
into action a short interval of time after the depressing of the keys; so that
when keys of the two sets before mentioned are depressed simultaneously, their
respective letters are brought into action succossively.
29. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters in pairs, by the. simultaneous
depressing of different keys, including in combination, a set of keys and dependent
letter-controlling parts connected therewith, including power-mechanism; another
set of keys and dependent letter-controlling parts connected therewith, likewise
including power mechanism; each of the sets of keys above mentioned being
adapted, with its dependent parts, to afford facility to the operator for making
various letters singly, each as desired; the two sets of keys being adapted to

page_text: bo acted on by the operator simultaneously for the production of consecutive letters,
one letter from each set of keys; tho organization including means operating an
instant after the depressing of the keys to cut off power from the power mechanism
operated by one of the sets of keys.
30. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
An organization for producing consecutive letters in pairs by the simultaneous
depressing of different keys, including in combination, a set of keys and depen-
dent letter-controlling parts connected therewith, including power mechanism;
another set of keys and dependent letter-controlling parts connected therewith,
likewise including power mechanism; cach of the sets of keys above mentioned
being adapted, with its dependent parts, to afford facility to the operator for
making various letters singly, each as desired; the two sets of koys being
adapted to be acted on by the operator simultaneously, for the production of
consecutive letters, one letter from each set of keys; the organization including
means operating an instant after the depressing of the keys to cut off power from
the letter-controlling mechanism above mentioned as connected with one of the sets
of keys above mentioned, aud to admit power to the letter-controlling mechanism
connected with the other set of keys before mentioned, so that the lottors
designated respectively by the different keys of the two sets depressed are
produced successively.
31. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by the simultaneous depressing
of different keys, including in combination, two sets of keys adapted to be operated
simultaneously, for the production of a letter from each, such sets of keys being in
this paragraph termed, for distinction's sake, prime-acting keys and subsequently-
acting koys, respectively; electro-magnets; electrical connections between the
prime-acting keys and the electro-magnet or magnets controlled by them, arrauged
in such a manner that the prime-acting keys close circuit so soon as they are
depressed; a circuit-breaking device, operating to break circuit for the prime-
acting keys an instant after the closing of the same and while the keys which
closed said circuit or circuits are still held down; and suitable electrical connections
between the subsequently-acting keys and the electro-magnet or magnets controlled
by them; the whole being constructed, arranged and counected in such a manner
that prime-acting keys and subsequently-acting keys, when depressed simul-
taneously, produce their respective letters in rapid succession.
32. In a type-writing machine, type-setting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by the simultaneous depressing
of different keys, including in combination, two sets of keys, adapted to be operated
simultaneously, for the production of a letter from each, such sets of keys being
hereinafter in this paragraph termed, for distinction's sake, prime-acting keys and
subsequently-acting keys, respectively; electro-magnets; electrical connections
intermediate the prime-acting keys and the electro-magnet or, magnets controlled
by them, arranged in such a manner that the prime-acting keys close circuit so
soon as they are depressed; electrical connections intermediate the subsequently-
acting keys and the electro-magnet or magnets controlled by them; and a circuit-
controlling device, operating an instant after the depressing of the keys to complete
or cause or permit the completing of the circuit or circuits controlled by the
subsequently-acting keys depressed; the whole being constructed and arranged in
such a manner that prime-acting and subsequently-acting keys, depressed
simultaneously, close their respective circuits successively.
33. In a type-writing machine, type-sotting machine, or other similar instrument,
an organization for producing consecutive letters by the simultanoous depressing
of different keys, including in combination, two sets of keys, adapted to be operated
simultaneously, for the production of a letter from each, such sets of keys being
hereinafter in this paragraph termed, for distinction's sake, prime-acting keys and
subsequently-acting keys respectively; electro-magnets; electrical connections
intermediate the prime-acting keys and tho electro-magnet or magnets, controlled

page_text: by them, arranged in such a manner that the prime-acting keys close circuit Bo
soon as they are depressed; and a device operating an instant after the depressing:
of the keys, to break the circuit of the magnet or magnets controlled by the prime-.
acting keys depressed, and to close the circuit of the magnet or magnets of the
subsequently-acting key or keys depressed; the whole being constructed and
arranged in such a manner that when prime-acting and subsequently-acting keys.
are depressed simultaneously, their respective magnets act successively.
34. In a type-writing machine, and in combination, a multiplicity of type-bars,
arranged so that they strike to a common printing-point; electro-magnets serving
to impel said type-bars; keys serving to close the circuits of the electro-magnets.
aforesaid; and an automatic circuit-breaker, operating to break the circuit of the
type-bar impelling electro-magnet or magnets controlled by the key or keys.
depressed, an instant after the depressing of the key and while the pressure on the
key is maintained, so that the type-har controlled by such magnet or magnets, is.
left free to retreat from the printing-point, after it delivers its blow, and while the
key controlled by it, is held down.
35. In a type-writing machine, and in combination, a multiplicity of type-bars,
arranged so that they strike to a common printing-point; electro-magnets, serving
to impel said type-bar; keys, serving to close the circuits of the electro-magnets-
aforesaid; and an electro-magnetic circuit-breaker, operating to break the circuit.
of the type-bar-impelling electro-muguet or magnets controlled by the key or
keys
depressed an instant after the depressing of the key, and while the pressure on the
key is maintained, so that the type-bar controlled by such magnet or magnets is.
left free to retreat from the printing-point, after it has delivered its blow and while.
the key controlling it is held down.
36. In a type-writing machine, or other similar instrument, and in combination,.
a multiplicity of type-bars, arranged so that they strike to a common printing--
center; electro-magnets, serving for the impelling of said type-bars; two sets of
keys, hereinafter in this paragraph termed, for distinction's sake, prime-acting keys.
and subsequently-acting keys respectively, such keys being adapted to be depressed.
simultaneously and serving when thus simultaneously depressed for the production
of successive letters, one letter from each set; electrical connections intermediate.
the prime-acting keys and the electro-magnet or magnets controlled thereby, said
connections being arranged in such a manner that the prime-acting keys close
circuit so soon as they are depressed; an automatic circuit-breaker, operating to.
break the circuit or circuits of the electro-magnet or magnets controlled by the
prime-acting key depressed, an instant after the depressing of the key, so that the
type-bar controlled thereby is left free to retreat from the printing-point before
the prime-acting key depressed is released by the operator; aud suitable electrical
connections for the subsequently-acting keys; the whole being constructed and
arranged in such a manner that prime-acting and subsequently-acting keys, when.
depressed simultaneously, print successively.
37. In a type-writing machine, or other similar instrument, and in combination,
a multiplicity of type-bars, arranged so that they strike to a common printing-
center; electro-magnets, serving for the impelling of said type-bars; two sets of
keys, hereinafter in this paragraph termed, for distinction's sake, prime-acting keys.
and subsequently-acting keys respectively, such keys being adapted to be depressed
simultaneously, and serving when thus simultaneously depressed for the production
of consecutive letters, one letter from each set; electrical connections intermediate
the prime-acting keys and the electro-magnet or magnets controlled thereby, said
connections being arranged in such a manner that the prime-acting keys close
circuit so soon as they are depressed; a circuit-controlling device, operating an
instant after the depressing of the keys, to break the circuit of the type-bar-
impelling electro-magnet or magnets controlled by the prime-acting key or keys.
depressed, so that the type-bar controlled thereby is left free to retreat from the
printing-point, and to close the circuit of the type-bar-impelling electro-magnet or
magnets controlled by the subsequently-acting key or keys depressed; the whole:

page_text: being constructed and arranged in such a manner that prime-acting and subsequently-
acting keys, when depressed, simultaneously, print successively.
Dated this 24th day of August 1896.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, 26 Castle Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.