IMPROVEMENTS IN ANDARAMING PAD GRINDING SMOOTHENING AND POLISHING PLATE GLASS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stockley, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County
of Northumberland, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ANDARAMING PAD GRINDING SMOOTHENING AND POLISHING PLATE GLASS."
Sealed the 14th May 1861, and dated the 16th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stockley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1860.
I, JOSEPH STOCKLEY, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northum-
berland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, SMOOTHENING, AND POLISHING PLATE
GLASS," to be as follows:-
My Invention with reference to grinding plate glass consists in the modes
herein-after described of arranging, constructing, and employing cylinders,
drums or rollers, and discs for the purpose.
In the first place, the cylinders, drums, or rollers are arranged so that both
sides are made to operate at once. For this purpose a cylinder, drum, or
roller is mounted vertically in bearings, so as to be capable of revolving
between two sheets of plate glass, each held on a table or frame duly sup-
ported at each side of the cylinder or roller, which is actuated by suitable
gearing.
The cylinders, drums, or rollers are also mounted horizontally in pairs, so as
to be capable of operating on both sides of a sheet of plate glass at once.

page_text: For this purpose one cylinder, drum, or roller is mounted so as to operate on
the upper surface, and the other so as to operate on the under surface of the
glass, as it rests on a horizontal bench, along which it is made to slide, such
bench having an opening in it through which the under cylinder or roller is
enabled to act on the under surface of the glass.
The cylinders, drums, or rollers are also arranged so that two or more of
them may be made to act in succession on the same surface of the glass on
a plain table worked backwards and forwards, and also capable of being raised
and lowered; cylinders, drums, or rollers of a conical form are also used in
combination with the ordinary revolving dises or tables, and arranged with the
larger end of the cylinder inwards, thereby compensating for the differing
velocities of the outer and inner portions of the revolving disc.
The cylinders, drums, or rollers are constructed in rings covered with outer
longitudinal strips capable of being replaced, or they may be otherwise con-
structed, or they may be formed in discs bored to fit the central axis, the outer
edges of such discs being either smooth or rounded, and arranged with the
concavities of one set of discs opposite to the convexities of another set, so as
to adapt them for operating successively on all portions of the glass. I also
use grinding discs fixed on horizontal shafts, the discs being arranged on their
respective shafts with spaces between them so that the discs on the one shaft
will be opposite to the spaces between the discs on the next shaft.
And my Invention with reference to polishing plate glass consists in the use
of cylinders, drums, or rollers arranged and constructed in the manner
described in substitution for the reciprocating blocks or other means hitherto
employed for the purpose. I prefer to use cylinders, drums, or rollers com-
posed of longitudinal strips or segments, with grooves in the sides, for receiving
felt or other polishing material, which may be turned over the edge of the
grooves, and fixed before the segment is secured in its place.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Stockley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
STOCKLEY, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Stockley, Her special license that I, the said Joseph
Stockley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Stockley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING, SMOOTHING, AND POLISHING PLATE GLASS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Stockley,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Soal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Stockley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for grinding, smoothing,.
and polishing Plate Glass" consists of combinations and arrangements of
apparatus containing cylinders, drums, or rollers for the purpose of grinding,
smoothing, and polishing the glass.
In one description of my apparatus the cylinders, drums, or rollers are or
may be arranged so that they may, if desired, be made to operate upon plates
or sheets of glass placed at opposite sides of them at one and the same time.
For this purpose a cylinder drum or roller is mounted vertically in bearings, so
as to be capable of revolving between two sheets of plate glass, each held on
a vertical table or frame duly supported, and moving backwards and forwards
upon its bottom edge upon sheaves or antifriction rollers, a table being placed
at each side of the cylinder or roller, which is actuated by suitable gearing.
Each vertical table or frame of the apparatus also receives slight up-and-down
motions to equalize the action of the cylinder, drum, or roller, or make the
effect more uniform.
In another description of apparatus made according to my Invention it is
arranged so that one, two, or more cylinders, drums, or rollers mounted on
horizontal axes may be made to act (if more than one in succession) on the

page_text: surface of the glass, placed on a horizontal table capable of being worked
backwards and forwards, the table, or the cylinders, drums, or rollers being
capable of being raised and lowered; and the table also has slight lateral
motions given to it, in order to equalize the action of the cylinders, drums, or
rollers, or make the effect more uniform. I also construct apparatus in which
drums or rollers of a conical form, mounted on horizontal axes, are used in
combination with an ordinary revolving disc or table, and arranged so that
each drum or roller (if more than one) shall revolve above one side of the disc
or table, and with the larger end of the drum or roller inwards or next to the
vertical axis of the table or disc, so that the varying circumferences along the
length of the conical drum or roller may compensate for the differences
between the velocities of the outer and inner portions of the revolving diso
The cylinders, drums, or rollers used in constructing my apparatus, when
intended for grinding, may be made of iron or other fit material, and I prefer
to make them in sections or pieces, so that any portion of a cylinder may be
taken out, if necessary, and replaced by a new piece. When the cylinders,
drums, or rollers are intended to be used for smoothing glass, I prefer to make
them of pieces of wood, with the ends of the grain placed outwards; and
cylinders, drums, or rollers for polishing glass I cover with felt, leather, or
other proper material.
In making cylinders, drums, or rollers to be used for polishing glass, I prefer.
to compose them of longitudinal strips or segments, with grooves in their sides
for securing the felt or other polishing material, which may be turned over the
edges into the grooves, and there fixed before the segments are put together,
and secured in their places as shewn at C, Fig. 7.
Instead of using cylinders, drums, or rollers for grinding, discs fixed on
horizontal shafts may be used, the discs being fixed on their respective shafts
with spaces between them, and so arranged with respect to each other that the
discs on the one shaft shall be opposite to the spaces between the discs on the
next shaft, so that the whole of the surface of the glass may be operated upon
by the series of discs.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
more particularly in what manner the same may be performed by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a machine in which the cylinders, drums, or
rollers are mounted in bearings, with their axes placed vertically, and so as to
be supported in an upright position against and across the faces of a table or.

page_text: ables, and each of the tables is also placed vertically with the edge at one side
downwards, and supported upon its lower edge. A is a cylinder, drum, or
roller; B is a sheet of glass; C, a table; D is one of a series of sheaves or
antifriction rollers which assist in supporting the table, and allow it to be:
moved backwards and forwards, so as to cause every part of the surface of a
plate of glass upon it to be subjected to the action of one or more cylinders or
rollers. The table C is caused to pass backwards and forwards between the:
supporting rollers D and the cylinder, drum, or roller A, and is moved by:
means of a rack on its upper edge worked by a pinion E. The table C is
also steadied by guides F, F, and moves upon sheaves or rollers G at the
bottom. The pinion E is actuated by suitable gearing on the shaft E*, and,
an up-and-down motion may be imparted to the cylinders, drums, or rollers A
by means of an excentric J acting on the step H of the central spindle thereof..
This step works in a gland I, and the excentric J is worked in any convenient
manner; and the central spindle H is free to slide up and down to the extent;
required upon a feather in the boss of the pinion H, or otherwise, as
thought fit.
In apparatus such as shewn in that part of this Figure which I have already
described, each side of the cylinder, drum, or roller 'A may be brought into
operation at the same time by employing two tables, each supported by rollers.
as at D, or by employing an additional cylinder, drum, or roller, between
which and the cylinder A the additional table C* may pass, as shewn in the
Figure. This second cylinder, drum, or roller is shewn at L in the Figure, and;
it may be made to revolve either in the same direction as the cylinder A, or in,
the contrary direction.
In constructing apparatus of this description when intended to be used for,
grinding glass, the axes of the cylinder or cylinders may be placed diagonally,
instead of vertically between the tables (which should be retained in their
vertical position), and in that case the diagonal position of the cylinder or
cylinders should be such that the material used in grinding may pass with
greater facility in between the cylinder or cylinders, and a sheet of glass
operated upon.
It is evident that apparatus of this description may be constructed or used
for operating upon one sheet of glass only at a time. :
Fig. 2 is a side elevation,: Fig. 3 is a plan, and Fig. 4 an end elevation, of
another apparatus made according to my Invention, in which one or more
cylinders, drums, or rollers mounted on horizontal axes are used in combination
with a horizontal table or frame capable of being moved longitudinally back-
wards and forwards, and also laterally in a horizontal direction. A, A, are the
1

page_text: cylinders, drums, or rollers supported in bearings d, d, fixed upon carriages D, D,
which are placed upon inclines at the top of the pedestals Z, so as to be capable
of being raised or lowered by means of screws F and nuts G, fixed to the
under surface of the carriage, the nut passing along a slot made in the upper
part of the pedestal. The raising and lowering of the carriage with the
cylinder may be regulated and adjusted by means of a graduated scale E, such
as shewn at the top of one of the pedestals in Fig. 2. The holes for the bolts II
are made oblong, so as to allow of the carriage being shifted up or down; and
it is preferred to make the incline at the top of each pedestal to approximate
to a portion of the curve, which would be described from the centre of the
driving sheave above, so that the movement of the carriage up or down the
incline will not affect the tension of the belt to any material extent. The
table is moved backwards and forwards longitudinally, the feet moving in the
grooved supports J set to a convenient height on a bed of stonework or
masonry as at K, and the motion is communicated by the belt and
sheaves L, M; M; driving a spindle and worm N. This worm communicates
motion to the worm wheel O, spindle P, pinion Q, wheel R, and pinion S,
which pinion S gears into a rack T fixed to the under surface of the table, to
which it imparts longitudinal motion. The table is also capable of receiving
lateral motions from the excentric V, which works between guides W. The
upper sides of the feet which support the table are fitted into dovetails under
the table, and at right angles to the longitudinal motions of the table, so as to
allow the table to be capable of lateral motion to the desired extent. The
rack is also connected to the table by means of dovetails, so as to allow the
tablo to have the lateral motions above mentioned without any corresponding
motions of the rack. The rack has fillets along its upper sides having a plain
surface; against which the plain part Y of the pinion may press, and thus be
prevented from passing out of gear whilst the table moves across from side to
side. When the machine is in operation, the sand and water or other grinding,
smoothing, or polishing material may be supplied at 1, whilst the cylinders,
drums, or rollers A revolve rapidly, and the table travels slowly in the direction
of the arrows in Fig. 2. In grinding, the sand or other material will be partly
crushed by passing under the first cylinder, drum, or roller, and will be taken
up in the course of the table's progress by the second cylinder, thus to some
extent fining off the work of the first, and so on from cylinder to cylinder.
After a plate has been ground in a machine of this description, the table and
glass may be passed forward in the grooves to a washing room, and from thence
taken to a machine similar in its main features to that just described, except
that the backward and forward motion of the table should be more rapid, and

page_text: that the cylinders, drums, or rollers should be made of wood, as already:men-
tioned; or instead of being made entirely of wood, they may be covered or
clad with wooden segments, as shewn at Fig. 7, in which A is the section of a
cylinder covered with wood, and B, B, are segments of wood cut across and
presenting their end section outwards. By this mode of construction the true
form of the cylinder will be preserved, as very slight variations in the dimen-
sions of the pieces of the wood in the direction of the length of the fibre are
caused by the drying or moistening of the wood. It also allows the emery or
other substance to enter the pores, and after a little use presents a cylindrical
surface of the emery or other substance.
The same kind of machine as that represented in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, and
described above, may also be used for polishing, except that in this latter case
the cylinders, drums, or rollers are covered with felt or other polishing material
as already mentioned. But instead of their being driven by belts as shewn in
Fig. 2, they may be brought close together by means of a screw, so that their
surfaces being in contact, upon one of them being turned motion will also bo
given to the other.
If discs be used for grinding instead of cylinders, drums, or rollers in the
manner already mentioned, they may be used as represented by the dotted
lines at 1, 2, 3, in Fig. 8.
In Figures 5 and 6, I have represented in plan and elevation conical drums
or rollers which are intended to act on the surface of the glass placed on
revolving discs or tables. A is the disc or table mounted on a vertical axis,
so as to cause the glass supported thereon to present a horizontal surface to the
action of the drums or rollers B, B. In constructing this apparatus I prefer
to use conical drums or rollers in lieu of cylinders, because by that form and
arrangement of the drums or rollers and apparatus, the grinding, smoothing, or
polishing action upon all portions of the glass will be equalized, or nearly so.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim any of the
mechanical elements or parts of the machinery or apparatus which I have
above described or shewn in the said Drawings, separate or apart from the
combination and application thereof, in manner and for the purposes herein
described, as being any part of my said Invention comprised in the said Letters
Patent, and that what I claim as of my Invention is,-
First, apparatus for the purposes herein-before mentioned, in which the
tables and sheets of glass to be ground are mounted or placed vertically, and
the cylinders, drums, or rollers are placed and mounted vertically or diagonally
as herein-before described.

page_text: Secondly, apparatus for the purposes herein-before mentioned containing
one or more cylinders, drums, or rollers combined with a traversing horizontal
table having longitudinal and lateral motions as herein-before described.
Thirdly, apparatus for the purposes herein-before mentioned, containing
conical drums or rollers in combination with revolving discs or tables, as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Stockley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
50, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Patent Agent.
JOSEPII STOCKLEY. (L.B.)