IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: ⚫LETTERS PATENT to John Howard and John Bullough, of Accrington, in
the County of Lancaster, Ironfounders and Machine Makers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES."
Sealed the 30th June 1863, and dated the 5th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Howard and John
Bullough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th January 1863.
We, JOHN HOWARD and JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Ironfounders and Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING OR BEAMING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:
This Invention relates to self-acting stopping motions for stopping the
warping or beaming machine when one or more of the warp threads break,
or when a bobbin is empty, and consists of various improvements upon an
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to us, dated July 4, 1862,
No. 1948. In that Invention we passed the warp threads through the eyes of
one or more rows of pins having their shanks or stems placed in sheaths, guides,
or slots imbedded in, connected to, or forming part of a holder extending across
the machine. When the threads were entire they supported the pins, but
when a thread broke or there was no thread the pin through which it should
pass sunk in its guide and became an instrument for putting into action a
current of electricity or arresting the motion of an oscillating bar or bars,
both leading to the stoppage of the machine.

page_text: Our present improvements consist, first, in making the pin holder capable
of expending and contracting by forming it of one or more bands of vulcanized
india-rubber or metal springs. The band or bands of india-rubber at each end
are attached to tapes passing over rollers and wound on one or more spindles for
the purpose of expanding or contracting the holder, according to the number
of ends required in a given space. We make the metal springs of round or
flat wire, and coil or form them in a round, oval, or rectangular shape, and
use one or more springs singly or coil two springs together. The sheaths or
guides for the pins are fastened to the front or back of the coils, or to tho
back and front alternately, or midway between back and front. We dispense
with sheaths or guides for the pins when required by passing through the
spring a rectangular bar having a slot the length the pins are intended to
expand, the pins being passed through the slot and between the coils; or
instead of the bar we employ a tube as much smaller than the spring as will
admit the pins between the interior of the spring and the exterior of the tube.
The frame in which these springs are fitted is formed so as to sustain the pins
in their proper position on one edge, or we stretch wires across the front or
back edge, inside or outside the spring, for the same purpose. The springs
are expanded or contracted by right and left hand screws and nuts in the
usual manner.
Secondly, in certain improvements connected with the electrical apparatus.
We make each pin in the form of a double lever, having a recess or guide or
eye, continuous or otherwise, at one end for the thread to pass between,
through, over, or under. The levers are threaded or hinged on a wire or
shaft stretched across the machine, which wire or shaft is connected to one
pole of the battery, and near the ends of the levers, opposite the recesses or
eyes, there is a wire or bar connected to the other pole of the battery. When
the threads are entire the levers are prevented from touching the second wire,
but when a thread breaks or is absent the end of its lever falls or rises and
comes in contact with the wire or bar and completes the circuit. We also
cause the conducting strips or bars to approach or recede from each other, so
as to give the pins ample room to fall and ensure contact by squeezing or
pressing against the pin; or in causing one or both conductors to revolve,
partially or entirely, so that if the first point of contact happened to have dirt
or fibre between it and the pin, another part of the conductor would come in
contact with the pin. To this revolving conductor, when necessary, we place
a cleaner in contact with its surface, so as to ensure proper contact between
the pin and conductor.
Thirdly, in improved modes of working a revolving fan or series of bars

page_text: employed as part of the mechanical agents for stopping the machine when one
or more pins fall from breakage or absence of thread. To the shaft which
carries the fan or bars is fixed a ratchet wheel, worked
a ratchet or pro-
peller, which is moved in one direction for taking one or more teeth by a cam
and in the other direction for turning the wheel by a weight or spring, or by
the weight of the propeller itself, so that when a pin falls no more pressure
shall be exerted upon the pin than is given by the weight, spring, or propeller.
When one of the bars passes the groove of the bed through which the pins
pass an opposite bar raises a fork or catch, or a small lever, forming part of
the knocking-off piece, is brought in position for not being struck means of
a spur or lever from the propeller or agent which turns the wheel, and so the
stoppage of the machine is prevented. But if a pin has fallen from breakage
or absence of thread the bar cannot pass the groove, and thus prevents the
opposite bar or spur before mentioned from raising the catch or removing the
lever on the knocker-off out of the position for being acted upon, and there-
fore the notch or projection pulley is allowed to act upon the catch or lever
and stop the machine.
Fourthly, in giving the oscillating bar or bars under the pins two strokes in
one revolution of the cam or eccentric instead of one. To the lever which
works the shaft we connect a spring which pulls the lever against the
decreasing side of the eam or eccentric and turns the bars towards and under
the pins. As the increasing side of the cam or eccentric moves the lever, the
bars are again brought towards the pins with the full force of the cam, and to
prevent the pins being damaged we make a joint in the levers, so that if it
meets a fallen pin it will give way and cause no damage, and also fail to raise
a catch, which leads to the stoppage of the machine. When all the pins are
held up by the threads the spring is sufficiently strong to enable the lever to
work both ways, and as the joint is not opened the lever maintains its length,
and at each movement raises the catch until a thread breaks; or we place a
fork lever loose on the oscillating shaft. A spiral spring, with its end con-
nected to this fork lever, is wound round the shaft and is fastened to a lever
fixed on the end of the oscillating shaft. A cam works inside or between the
two prongs of the fork lever, which lever, by means of the spring, gives motion
to the lever which works the oscillating shaft. If a pin is down it resists the
motion of the oscillating shaft, and the spring through which the power for
driving the shaft is communicated gives way, so that the pin sustains no
damage; and by the shaft being arrested the lever cannot arrive at the point
requisite for raising the catch or taking the double lever out of the way of
being struck, and so the machine is stopped. A spring in the fork itself will

page_text: act in the same manner as this spiral spring, or friction may be employed for
the same purpose, as it will yield before the pins have too much pressure put
upon them. We also employ an improved mode of communicating the action
of stopping the machine to the knocking-off piece. We have a pulley with a
notch in it driven by a small connecting rod from the drum shaft and caused
to oscillate or revolve. The double lever or catch lever is jointed to tho
setting-on piece, and when this catch lever is not raised, through the oscillating
or revolving bar being interrupted, the catch is caught by the notch and made
to pull the knocking-off piece out of its detent.
Fifthly, in the employment of a self-acting cleaner or fluker. We give
motion to an endless band of cat-gut, worsted cord, or other similar material,
having knots or hinges at intervals in contact with the pin or sheath, and
thereby cause them to be efficiently cleaned; or we use a small fan at the
under side of the bed, so as to blow in any desired direction and keep the pins
and sheaths clean.
Sixthly, in giving a drag to the thread and preventing the weight of the
pins pulling any slack between the rollers and bobbins. We cover one or
more of the rollers with flannel, leather, india-rubber, or other similar material,
and also, when required, allow the swing or take-up roller to be pulled up and
held in surface contact with one or both of the other rollers.
Seventbly, in arresting for a short time the descent of the swing or take-up
roller for the purpose of causing the yarn to be sufficiently slack for all the
pins to fall, and thereby enable them to clear their sheaths, guides, or slots of
fluke or other matter. For this purpose we cause the spindles or pivots of
the roller to be pressed by balance levers, or round off the tops of the guides
in which they work, or cast a swell or projection in the guides.
Eighthly, in an improved mode of driving the machine by friction pulleys,
or by a catch box, instead of the fast and loose pulleys, as at present.
We
place on the drum shaft friction pulleys, either flat or conical, and cause one
of the parts to be removed by the stopping lever from the other, by which
means the driving power is instantaneously detached and the motion of tho
machine is stopped in a very short time. In connection with the catch box
or friction pulleys we have a spring, which is fixed to the driving shaft and to
one of the friction pulleys. When the pulleys are pressed together, or when
the catch box is in gear, they turn the driving shaft by pulling at this spring,
and therefore start the machine gradually.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Howard and John Bullough in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HOWARD and JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Ironfounders and Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Howard and John Bullough, Her special licence that we,
the said John Howard and John Bullough, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Howard and John Bullough,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING OR
BEAMING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
John Howard and John Bullough, our executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Howard and John Bullough,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Figures on the
accompanying Five Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon, the letters referring to each part separately. All the Figures are
drawn about full size, with the exception of Fig. 36, which is drawn about
half size.
This Invention relates to self-acting stopping motions for stopping the
warping or beaming machine when one or more of the warp threads break, or
when a bobbin is empty, and consists of various improvements upon an Inven-
tion for which Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing date the Fourth day
of July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, Number 1948. In that

page_text: Invention we passed the warp threads through the eyes of one or more rows
of pins having their shanks or stems placed in sheaths, guides, or slots,
imbedded in, connected to, or forming part of a holder extending across the
machine. When the threads were entire they supported the pins, but when
a thread broke, or there was no thread, the pin through which it should pass
sunk in its sheath or guide, and became an instrument for putting into action
a current of electricity or certain mechanical agents leading to the stoppage
of the machine. In the electrical arrangement below each row of pins there
were two conducting surfaces connected respectively by wires to the negative
and positive poles of a battery, and placed in such positions that when the
pins were supported they could only touch one of the conducting surfaces,
but when one or more pins were lowered by the breakage or absence of tho
threads they came in contact with both conducting surfaces, and thus com-
pleted the circuit by forming a connecting link between the two poles. The
electric current thus established charged a magnet, which, by attracting a
catch or other agent, brought the knocking-off piece into action and stopped
the machine. In the mechanical arrangements the pins were instruments for
calling into action purely mechanical agents. We caused one or more wires,
rods, or bars to oscillate under the suspended pins, and at each oscillation a
lever or fork was moved out of the way of a catch, which was constantly
trying to catch it and bring it into action for stopping the machine; but when
one or more pins fell, the wire, rod, or bar was obstructed, and could not
prevent the lever or fork from being caught by the catch, and therefore the
machine was stopped.
Our present improvements are as follows:-First, we make the pin holder
capable of expanding and contracting by forming it of one or more bands of
vulcanized india-rubber or metal springs. The band or bands of india-rubber
rest on a suitable bed having a groove or grooves to admit the pins. Tho
band or bands at each end are attached to tapes wound on one or more
spindles fitting bearings in the bed for the purpose of expanding or contracting
the holder, according to the number of ends required in a given space, the
spindles being held by ratchet wheels and catches, or worm wheels and worms,
in order to maintain the band or bands at their exact degree of tension. We
make the metal springs of round or flat wire, and coil or form them in a
round, oval, or rectangular shape. The sheaths or guides for the pins are
fastened to the front or back of the coils, or to the back and front alternately,
or midway between back and front.
Fig. 1 is a front view of part of a bed or frame supporting a pin holder
formed of one or more bands of india-rubber.
a represents the bed; b, the

page_text: pin holder; and c, the pins. At the ends of the band or bands there are
tapes d, which pass over the spindles e, working in holes in the bed, and
mounted with ratchet wheels f, which with the spindles are prevented from
turning back, unless required, by the catches g.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section of a bed or frame supporting a single round
spring of flat wire with the guides and pins at the front; and Fig. 3 a plan of
part of the spring, with some of the guides at their front and the others at the
back. h represents the bed; i, the spring; k, the guides; and 1, the pins ;
and in order that a large number of pins may work in guides fastened to a
single spring, the eyes of the pins are thin, and formed at the back and front
of the stem alternately, that is, the eye m of one pin is at the front, and the
eye n of the next pin at the back, the eye m of the next at the front, and so
on for the entire number of pins.
Fig. 4 is a transverse section of a bed or frame supporting two springs
coiled together with the guides and pins at the front and back alternately;
and Fig. 5 a plan of the same without the bed. In this case the eye of each
pin may be made as wide or wider than the stem, as the double spring allows
ample space for a large number of pins. We dispense with the sheaths or
guides for the pins, when required, by passing through the spring a slotted
circular or rectangular bar having a slot the length the pins are intended to
expand, the pins being passed through the slot and between the coils.
q
Fig. 6 is a transverse section of a bed for holding a spring, having in its
interior a slotted rectangular bar; and Fig. 7 a front view of part of the
spring bar and some of the pins. o represents the bed; p, the spring; q, the
bar; and r, the pins. The spring is made of flat wire, and the spaces between
the coils hold the pins in one direction, and the sides of the slot in the bar
sustain the pins in the other direction. The ends of the bar are firmly
attached to the bed, and the spring is expanded or contracted according to the
number of ends of the warp. The pins r have thin elongated eyes placed
alternately at the back and front of the stems for enabling a pin to be placed
between each coil without the possibility of the eyes coming in contact, or for
the same purpose each pin may have a thin eye placed diagonally with the
stem, as shewn in Figs. 8 and 9, in which the eye is shewn at s, and the stem
of the pin at t. Or each pin may have an open spiral eye of thin wire, as
shewn in Figs. 10 and 11, for enabling the eyes to be threaded without using
a reed hook. The eyes are placed at the back and front of the stems alter-
nately, and after the stems are placed through the sheaths the bottom of the pins
are bent to prevent them from being pulled out of the sheaths. The rectan-
gular bar 2, Figs. 6 and 7, is made of greater depth than thickness, in order

page_text: to give the pins greater bearing surface than if the bar were square; but a
circular bar having a slot may be substituted for the rectangular bar, and
produce the same result. Or instead of a bar we place in the interior of the
spring a circular tube as much smaller than the spring as will admit the pins
between the interior of the spring and the exterior of the tube; or we employ
a flattened tube and place the pins on both sides.
Fig. 12 is a transverse section of a bed for holding a spring, having in its
interior a circular tube with pins on one side; Fig. 13 a plan of the same without
the bed; and Figs. 14 and 15 are similar views of the flattened tube and spring.
In both arrangements a represents the bed; v, the spring; w, the tube; and
x, the pins, the stems of which are sustained at one of their edges by the tube,
and at their other edges by the inner sides of the bed or frame, as at y; or we
stretch wires across the back and front edges of the pins inside or outside the
spring for the same purpose. The springs are made of any desired strength,
and expanded by right and left hand screws and nuts in the usual manner.
Secondly, we employ certain improvements connected with the electrical
apparatus described in the Specification of our former Patent before alluded
to. We make each pin which guides the thread in the form of a double
lever, having at one end, either above or below, a recess, or guide, or eye, con-
tinuous or otherwise, for the thread to pass between or through. The levers
are threaded or hinged on a wire shaft or bar stretched across the machine
and connected to one pole of the battery, and near the plain ends of the levers
there is a wire or bar connected to the other pole of the battery. When the
threads are entire the levers are prevented from touching the second wire
or bar, but when a thread breaks or is absent the plain end of the lever comes
in contact with the wire or bar and completes the current, the end rising or
falling according to the position of the eye or recess, and the way in which
the lever is balanced. Figs. 16, 17, and 18 are side, front, and top views of a
lever having an open recess or guide at the top; Figs. 19, 20, and 21 are
similar views of a lever having a continuous diagonal eye; Figs. 22, 23,
and 24 are views of another lever having the projections forming the guides
one behind the other, in order to allow facility for the passage of any fluke or
lumps on the threads.
Figs. 25 and 26 are side and end views of the application of one arrange-
ment of levers to the electrical apparatus. The levers are shewn at a, they
are guided between the dents of the reed b, and hinged on the shaft c, con-
nected by the wire d with one pole of the battery. Near the plain ends of the
levers is placed the conducting bar e, which is properly insulated and connected
by the wire to the other pole of the battery. Each thread when passing

page_text: through the corresponding recess presses down that end of the lever and raises
the plain end; but when the thread breaks or is absent the plain end falls
and comes in contact with the conducting bar e, and completes the circuit. In
the Figures the reed 6 is intended to represent an ordinary expanding or con-
tracting comb. We also cause half of the conducting strips or bars of the
electrical apparatus to vibrate to and fro, so as to give straight pins working
vertically or thereabouts ample room to fall, and then to ensure contact by the
strips or bars squeezing or pressing against them. This arrangement is shewn
in Figs. 27 and 28. The pins are shewn at g, they work in sheaths or guides
imbedded in the holder h, attached to or working upon the bed or frame i,
having slots or grooves j for the pins to pass through. To the bed are attached
strips of copper, brass, or other suitable conducting material properly insu-
lated. There is one of these stationary strips to each row of pins, and each
strip is connected by wires to one pole of the battery. The other conducting
strips, one for each row of pins, are shewn at m, they are connected by wires
to the other pole of the battery, and are intended to vibrate to and fro in order
to ensure certainty of contact with the pins when any of them fall from not
being held up by the thread. The strips m are connected to the arm n of an
Llever, having its other arm o in contact with a cam or eccentric p on the
band pulley q attached to the pulley r, which has a projection s for acting on
the knocking-off piece or handle. The band pulley q is caused to revolve by
a pulley on the drum shaft, and gives revolving motion to the eccentric p, and
moves the arm o up and down and the arm n and strips m to and fro. We
also cause one or both conductors to revolve partially or entirely, so that if the
first point of contact happened to have dirt or fibre between it and the pin,
another part of the revolving conductor would come in contact with the pin.
To this revolving conductor we, when necessary, place a clearer in contact
with its surface, so as to ensure proper contact between the pins and con-
ductor. The levers for guiding the threads described as suitable for the
electrical apparatus, are equally applicable to the mechanical agents employed
for stopping the machine.
9
In Figs. 29 and 30 we represent one of our mechanical arrangements in
which levers are the instruments for putting it into action. The said levers
are shewn at t, they are guided between the dents of the reed u and hinged on
the stationary rod or shaft v. Below the plain ends of the levers there is an
oscillating bar w, carried by arms a, attached to the oscillating shaft y, which
extends across the machine and has fixed to it the arm z, in contact with the
eccentric a', attached to the pulley b', having upon it the projection c¹, and
caused to revolve in any desired manner. The tail end of the arm projects

page_text: over a lever d', having upon it a projection e', and jointed to the top of the
knocking-off piece f', which is fixed to the framework of the machine in the
usual manner. The lever d' is weighted, so that unless prevented, its end g¹
would come in contact with the projection c¹ on the revolving pulley b. When
the plain ends of the levers t are raised by the pressure of the threads passing
through their eyes or guides, the bar w and arm can oscillate to and fro by
the action of the eccentric a' and weight h', and enable the tail end of the
arm to come in contact with the projection e¹ and depress the lever d', so
that it cannot be acted upon by the projection c¹ on the pulley ; but when
one or more of the plain ends of the levers fall, the bar w is held and the arm
becomes stationary and cannot depress the lever d, and therefore the projec-
tion c¹ comes in contact with the lever d', aud shifts the knocking-off piece out
of its detent, and stops the machine.
Thirdly, we employ improved modes of working a revolving fan or series of
bars used as part of the mechanical agents for stopping the machine when one
or more pins fall from breakage or absence of thread. One arrangement for this
purpose is shewn in Figs. 31 and 32. To the shaft a, which carries the fan
or bars b, is fixed a ratchet wheel c, worked by a ratchet or propeller d, jointed
to the lever e, working on the pin or fulcrum f. The ratchet is moved in one
direction for taking one or more teeth by a cam or eccentric g, and in the
other direction for turning the wheel by the weight of the lever at the eccen-
tric side of the fulcrum f, so that when a pin falls no more pressure shall be
exerted upon the pin than is given by the weight of the lever. When, in con-
sequence of no obstruction, the bars pass the groove of the bed through which
the pins project, the lever e moves up and down, and causes a catch or a small
lever h, jointed to a bracket i, fixed to the knocking-off piece k, to be so placed
that it cannot be struck by a spur or projection on the pulley m, and so the
stoppage of the machine is prevented; but if a pin has fallen from breakage
or absence of thread, the bars cannot pass the groove, and thus the lever e is
prevented from moving down and removing the lever h out of the position for
being acted upon, and therefore the spur or projection on the pulley m acts
upon the catch or lever h, and shifts the knocking-off piece out of its detent,
and stops the machine. It is evident that a weight or spring may be employed
for giving one of the motions of the lever e instead of the weighted end of the
lever itself, and also that the small lever h may be placed under the revolving
bars and be acted upon by them one after the other in order to prevent the
end of the lever from being in contact with the spur or projection when the
pins are suspended by the threads.
Fourthly, we give the oscillating bar or bars under the pins two working

page_text: strokes in one revolution of the cam or eccentric instead of one. One arrange-
ment for this purpose is shewn in Fig. 33. To the lever a, which works the
oscillating shaft b and oscillating bars c, we connect a spring d, which pulls
the lever against the receding side of the cam or eccentric e, and turns the bars
towards and under the pins f. As the advancing side of the cam or eccentric
moves the lever the bars are again brought towards the pins, and to prevent
them from being damaged we make a joint g in the lever a, so that if the
bars come in contact with a fallen pin the joint will give way and cause the
lever a to be shortened or diverted, so that its lower end shall clear or pass by
the side of the pin h, and thereby fail to depress the small lever i on the
knocking-off piece j, and thus lead to the stoppage of the machine. When
all the pins are held up by the threads the spring d is sufficiently strong to
enable the lever a to work both ways, and as the joint g is not opened, the
lever maintains its length and position, and at each movement depresses the
small lever i and prevents any action upon the knocking-off piece until a
thread breaks or is absent.
Another arrangement for giving the oscillating bar two working strokes in
one revolution of the eccentric is shewn in Figs. 34 and 35. We place a fork
lever loose on the oscillating shaft l; a spiral spring m with its end connected
to this fork lever is wound round the shaft and fastened to a lever n fixed on
the end of the oscillating shaft. A cam or eccentric o works inside or between
the two prongs of the fork lever k, which lever, by means of the spring, gives
motion to the lever n and works the oscillating shaft. If a pin is down it
resists the motion of the oscillating shaft, and the spring m, through which the
power for driving this shaft is communicated, gives way, so that the pin
sustains no damage, and the shaft being arrested the lever n cannot arrive
at the point requisite for depressing the double lever p out of the way of being
struck by the spur or projection on the pulley q, and so the machine is stopped.
A spring in the fork itself will act in the same manner as this spiral spring, or
friction may be employed for the same purpose, as it will yield before the pins
have too much pressure put upon them.
.
We also employ another mode of communicating the action of stopping the
oscillating shaft to the knocking-off piece. This arrangement is shewn in
Fig. 36. represents the oscillating bars; s, the oscillating shaft; t, the
knocking-off piece; and u, the drum shaft. To one end of the oscillating shaft
is fixed the lever v, and to the top of the knocking-off piece is jointed a small
double lever having a light arm w and a heavier arm x. The light arm wis
placed below the lever in such manner that when the
lever vibrates both

page_text: arms to and move up and down, but when the lever is stationary by the
oseillating bar being held by one or more fallen pins, the end of the heavier
arm remains in its lowest position. Below the small double lever and in line
with it there is a segment y fixed to or forming part of a double lever,
jointed on a stud, fixed to the framework of the machine, and having vibrating
motion imparted to it by a cam or eccentric a' on the drum shaft u. The
segment y is formed with a notch or catch which can seize the end of the
heavy arm when it is in its lowest position. Thus as the bars r and lever v
vibrate to and fro, the small double lever moves up and down and places its
heavy end out of the way of the notch or catch on the segment, but when the
lever is stationary the notch or catch seizes the double lover and pulls the
knocking-off piece out of its detent, and stops the machine. This arrange-
ment may be modified by substituting for the vibrating segment a revolving
pulley baving a spur or projection upon it for seizing the end of the small
double lever on the knocking-off piece.
Fifthly, we employ a self-acting cleaner or fluker, for preventing any accu-
mulation of fluke that may interfere with the free action or dropping of the pins.
One arrangement for this purpose is shewn in Figs. 37 and 38. We give
motion to an endless band a of catgut, worsted, cord, or other similar material,
having knots or lumps bat intervals, in contact with the sheaths c, and thereby
cause them to be efficiently cleaned. Or we use a small fan at the under side
of the bed, so as to blow in any desired direction, and keep the pins and sheaths
clean.
Sixthly, we give when required a drag to the threads, to prevent the weight
of the pins pulling any slack between the rollers and bobbins, by covering one
or more of the rollers with flannel, leather, india-rubber, or other suitable
material, and also when required allow the swing or take-up roller to be pulled
up, and held in surface contact with one or both of the other rollers, which
arrangements are shewn in Fig. 39. d represents the covered roller, and o
the swing or take-up roller, which when required is held in surface contact
with the roller d by the tension of the threads, and nips the said threads
between the two rollers, so that any slackness between the swing roller
and the creel is prevented from passing the line of contact of the swing
and covered rollers, and thus the threads between the swing roller and the
pins are maintained in a proper state of tension for supporting the said pins.
Seventhly, we arrest for a short time the descent of the swing or take-up
roller, for the purpose of causing the yarn to be sufficiently slack for all the
pius to fall, and thereby enable them to clear their sheaths, guides, or slots, of

page_text: fluke or other matter. For this purpose we cause the spindles or pivots of
the roller to be pressed by balance levers, or round off the tops of the guides
in which they work, or cast a swell or projection f in the guides 9, Fig. 39.
Eighthly, we employ an improved mode of driving the machine by friction
pulleys, instead of the fast and loose pulleys as at present. This arrangement is
shewn in Fig. 40. We place on the drum shaft h, friction pulleys i, kc, either
flat or conical, and cause one of the parts to be removed by the stopping lever
from the other, by which means the driving power is instantaneously detached,
and the motion of the machine is stopped in a very short time. In connection
with the friction pulleys we have a spring 1, which is fixed to the drum shaft
and to one of the friction pulleys. When the pulleys are pressed together
they turn the driving shaft by pulling at this spring, and therefore start the
machine gradually. It is evident that catch or clutch boxes may be substituted
for friction pulleys, and the spring I applied to one of the parts, and thereby
obtain a quick stoppage and gradual starting of the machine.
To persons conversant with mechanical contrivances it is well known that a
great number of modifications may be made in the various parts of our Inven-
tion without departing from their leading principles. For example, the lever
pins, shewn in Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, were described as
being threaded or hinged on a wire shaft or bar, which had to be removed when
a lever had to be shifted or changed.
In Figs. 41 and 42, we represent the application of levers with open centres,
and Figs. 43 and 44 detached views of one of the levers. This form of
centre is for enabling one or more levers to be removed or changed without
interfering with the wire shaft or bar. The said levers are shewn at a; they
each work between a double bearing or shoulder b, connected to a stem c,
imbedded in the india-rubber band d. Through the bearings is passed the
wire or shaft e, and the levers are cut out or formed as at f, in order that they
can be placed on or removed from the wire or shaft without inconvenience.
In Figs. 45 and 46 we shew the application of similar levers to spiral springs,
and in Figs. 47 and 48 detached views of one of the levers. The bearings g
are soldered to the exterior of the spring, and in the interior there is a loose
bar h, for keeping the levers at their proper level when the threads are passing
through the eyes or grooves.
In Figs. 49 and 50, the wire shaft or bar i is represented as passing through
the centre of the spring k, which arrangement enables the coils to be the side
bearing surfaces of the levers, and only a few supports are required at
intervals for the wire shaft or bar.
In Figs. 51 and 52 we represent a spiral spring m of flat wire, sufficiently

page_text: wide to allow the wire shaft or bar to pass through the metal of the spring
itself; this arrangement also dispenses with separate bearings.
Figs. 53 and 54 shew the application of dents made in the form of a staple
for guiding the levers sideways in an efficient manner. The dents are shewn
at n; they are imbedded in the india-rubber band o, and on account of their
widened form guide cach lever on both sides of its fulcrum.
Figs. 55 and 56 represent the employment of an elongated spring for
guiding both sides of the levers in a similar manner to the open dents before
described. The spring is shewn at p, it rests in the bed q, and has in its interior
the shaft r for supporting the levers s, which are guided on both sides of the
shaft by the top of the spring.
Figs. 57 and 58 represent the employment of longer and shorter levers
alternately with high and low eyes, for enabling the eyes to be broad. The
levers are shewn at t, u, they work on the wire or shaft v, and between bearings
soldered to the exterior of the spring w, in the interior of which are the eyes of
the levers, and also a bar æ, for preventing the levers from being pulled too
low by the threads.
In Fig. 59 we shew the application of levers, each having two eyes, one on
each side of the shaft or fulcrum ; and in Figs. 60 and 61 detached views of
one of the levers. The eyes are shewn at y, they are formed on opposite sides
of the lever, and one thread is placed in one eye, and the next thread in the
other eye, and so on. Tho levers are nicely balanced, and the threads press
equally upon them, but when a thread breaks or is absent, the opposite side of
the lever is pressed down by its adjacent thread.
This arrangement requires two oscillating bars to correspond with the
two ends of the levers, so that when one end of the lever falls, it shall stop
the motion of the bar on that side, and lead to the stoppage of the machine.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, we
desire it to be understood that we do not claim the two springs coiled together
as shewn in Figs. 4 and 5, nor the expanding combs shewn in Figs. 25, 26, 29,
and 30, as they have been before used; but what we claim as improvements in
warping or beaming machines, is,―
First, the expanding and contracting pin or lever pin holder, formed of one
or more bands of india-rubber or metal springs.
Secondly, the improved straight and lever pins and forms of their eyes, and
the combination of lever pins with expanding combs, and also the stands or
bearings for the lever pins.
Thirdly, the improved system of using longer and shorter lever pins with
eyes at different levels, so as to gain more lateral space for the eyes.

page_text: Fourthly, the various modes of arranging the eyes of the pins, so that they
occupy two distinct rows, whilst the stems to which they are attached occupy
only one row.
Fifthly, the various improvements connected with the electrical apparatus.
Sixthly, the improved modes of working a revolving fan or series of bars.
Seventhly, the arrangements for preventing a pin or lever pin falling in
consequence of an end becoming slack merely.
Eighthly, the improved arrangements of driving the machine by friction
pulleys or clutch boxes.
And, ninthly, the general arrangements and improvements in warping or
beaming machines, as herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying five
Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bullough, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Howard, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Bullough, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
.
⚫ Patent Agent,
JOHN BULLOUGH. (L.S.)
Manchester.