NEW INVENTED PNEUMATIC FIRE ENGINE FOR WORKING SILK, COTTON, THREAD, AND WORSTED MILLS; ROLLING, SLITTING, AND STAMPING OF METALS; FOR RAISING OF COALS, MINERAL AND FOSSIL BODIES, FROM MINES OF THE GREATEST DEPTH; FOR RAISING OF WATER FOR FURNISHING CORN MILLS, WATER, WIND, AND CATTLE MILLS, FIRE ENGINES, OR ANY OTHER MACHINES, WITH POWERS, SIMPLY BY THEM- SELVES, OR IN CONJUNCTION WITH SUCH MILLS AND ENGINES THAT ARE ALREADY ERECTED AND REQUIRE ADDITIONAL POWERS, IN A CONSTANT REGULAR MANNER, WITH EITHER A CIRCULAR OR RETROGADE MOTION, AT A MUCH LESS EXPENCE THAN CAN POSSIBLY BE PERFORMED BY ANY OTHER MACHINE EXTANT
Year: 1790

page_text: HATELEY'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
HATELEY, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Six-
teenth day of October, in the thirtieth year of His said Majesty's reign, did
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Hately, His special licence, fuli
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Hately, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the
term of fourteen years therein expressed, usc, exercise, and vend, throughout
that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called England,
the Dominion of Wales,, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my "NEW
INVENTED PNEUMATIC FIRE ENGINE FOR WORKING SILK, COTTON, THREAD, AND
WORSTED MILLS; ROLLING, SLITTING, AND STAMPING OF METALS; FOR RAISING OF
COALS, MINERAL AND FOSSIL BODIES, FROM MINES OF THE GREATEST DEPTH; FOR
RAISING OF WATER FOR FURNISHING CORN MILLS, WATER, WIND, AND CATTLE
MILLS, FIRE ENGINES, OR ANY OTHER MACHINES, WITH POWERS, SIMPLY BY THEM-
SELVES, OR IN CONJUNCTION WITH SUCH MILLS AND ENGINES THAT ARE ALREADY
ERECTED AND REQUIRE ADDITIONAL POWERS, IN A CONSTANT REGULAR MANNER, WITH
EITHER A CIRCULAR OR RETROGADE MOTION, AT A MUCH LESS EXPENCE THAN CAN
POSSIBLY BE PERFORMED BY ANY OTHER MACHINE EXTANT;" in which said recited
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Joseph Hately,
in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the
nature of the said Invention to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one month after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the said Letters Patent, and the Statute in that behalf made,
relation being thereunto hail, may more at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, and in pur-
suance of the said Statute. I, the said Joseph Hately, do hereby declare that
the following is a particular description, of the nature my said new invented
pneumatic fire engine, and the manner in which the same is performed (that
is to say):-
.
"First, the philosophical principles by which the powers are obtained
depend upon the application of fire' in clifices, as afterwards described, for
"rarifying the air and evaporating the water into elastic vapour, which
"occasionally act in conjunction; and sometimes I apply the steam or vapour
"thereof to steain engines, for performing all the different purposes they may
"be applied to, seperately or in conjunction with the pneumatic fire engine. In
"some cases, where extensive powers are requirod. I apply boilers over the
fires, made for rarifying the air in the tubes or califices, which fire will
evaporate water sufficient for supplying steam cylinders with that vapour;
"and the powers arising therefrom I occasionally connect to and with the first
powers. obtained by the impulse of the external air against the vanes or
sails occasioned by the internal rarification of the air applied for that purpose,
or whatever may be used in lieu of them. In many cases great powers can
be obtained at a very small expence to answer many great ends by applying
the heat and rarified matter commonly discharged into the open air,, and
which I use in this Invention from melting, smelting, calcining, and refining
furnaces, glasshouses, pothouses, and ovens, brick, tile kilns, and ovens, coak
harths and cinder ovens, the vaper and rarified air from salt pans, lime kilns,
"breweries, and distillerias, &c. &c. whero. fire is applied in manufactories.
"The, cilifices before alluded to for containing the apparatus, or ventilators;
Ivanes, or sails, are built in a circular or conical or cubical form, of such
"convenient height and size as the nature of the business may require, in
which tubes or cones there aro fire grates erected for rarifying the air
therein; by doing so, a regular and constant wind is obtained, which acts
against the aforesaid vanes or sails of an extensive size, and gives motion to
them before it gets necess into the rarified space as aforesaid; a plurality of
"those vanes or sails are occasionally applied on the sides or middle of the said
"tubes or concs, or in edifices erected adjacent thereto, occasionally connected
"therewith. In some cases I make the vanes in a spiral form round a spinelle
or axis, in a vermicular manner, being placed in a vertical position, while
some are made in a horizontal position, and others placed edgeways, all of
"which work and move upon their own axis; yet occasionally the powers of
cach are communicated and connected to one main spindle or axis by the
application of contrate and crown wheels, or otherwise, with sliding rods. or

page_text: "moving gears, for making alternate a circular, motion. In those tulies or
cones the waste fuel, or refuse of coal at collieries or coal works, is applied;
or, in countries where coal is scarce, ..peat,. turf, brushwood, or any other
"inflamable bolies may be used. In those tubes or cones' there are sundry
"doors placed above,, below, or opposite to the vanes or sails, before described;
", in order to shutt off tho action of the wind. or external air from the vanes,
"as aforesaid, and, to introduce the external air into the rarified space, in
"order to reduce the powers thereof when a cessation of motion is required:
"After the air is passed through the said vermicular and vertical vanes, it.acts
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upon a second, set of, vanes, if necessary, placed horizontally or otherwise!
"When I apply this new invented pneumatic fire engine for raising of coals;
"metallic and fossile bodies, from mines of any kind, by itself or in conjunc
"tion with the powers of steam engines, seperately or together, I use a single
or double fussco barrel, with an hollow arbour connected to and with a
"wheel or barrel for the ropes to coil upon, and upon the periphery of the
fussee barrel a rope or chain connected to a weight, which is raisedl altor-
nately by the powers of the machine in conjunction with the weight of the
descending rope applied in drawing or raising the said coals, &c., which
weight changes its position upon the fussce barrel at a time when the corves
Qr basketts containing the coals are at the meeting or in the middle of the
pit or shaft, (that is to say) when the loaded and empty corf or baskett
"meet each other; when in this situation, the weight of the descending rope,
"with a small assistance of the fire.engine or machine; raises the weight to the
"surface of the carth, which weight is left in a situation to descend with a
rope and empty corf, both of which exceed the weight of the rope that is
down in the pit, consequently there remains only the weight of the coals to
"be raised by the powers of the engine. When the motion is required to be
changed in order to give or strike the corf, the wheel and fussce barrel and
hollow arbour is moved longitudinally upon the axis of the rotative spindle,
ic upon which there is a wheel or wheels fixed, which serve to receive. and
connect the moveable apparatus,. before expressed, which apparatus can bo
"at rest while the rotative spindle is in motion, or, vice versa, in motion when
"the rotative spindle is at rest. When the rotative apparatus is applied to
"the powers of steam engines in conjunction with the new pneumatic engine,
"or by themselves seperately, the center or. axis of the rotative apparatus is
"moved longitudinally on each side, the center line of the spear rod being the
"line of direction in which the engine receives the resistance of the reverse
"motion,' which axis is moved backwards or forwards on each side the line of
"direction of the spear rod by means of a lever, wheel, and rack connected
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page_text: "with the brasses containing the axis aforesaid. I some cases I use two or
"more faced wheels upon the rotative axis or spindle, with a spur wheel between
"them on different axis, either of which have an hollow arbour, and may bo
"moved longitudinally, for connecting and disengaging those wheels or any of
"them from the other wheels in motion. To the wheels last described or any
"of them I apply and connect occasionally the double or single fussee barrel
"with its rope and weight; ns before described, which mode of application
renders an equality nearly between the ascending and descending ropes;
"consequently the descending rope becomes an acting power, leaving the coals
"only to be raised. On working the apparatus before described, I occasionally
"apply a brake, for retarding and stopping the wheels and bodies in motion;
"which brake is applied upon the periphery of some of the wheels engaged in
"this business."
:
In testimony whereof, I, the said Joseph Hateley, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the thirty-first year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the
Faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven