I- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Cheesman Morgan, of Newcastle, Penn-
sylvania, in the United States of America, and of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
wunication from abroad by Mr Joseph Clifton
Sealed the 4th December 1860, and dated the 29th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Cheesman Morgan.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1860.
I, GEORGE CHEESMAN MORGAN, of Newcastle, Pennsylvania, in the United
States of America, and of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "I-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in arranging the mechanism for drawing down
the hooks, so that their range of motion may be varied when required to open
the shed a greater or less distance for work varying in thickness.
Secondly, in arranging the mechanism for giving motion to the shuttle
carrier so as to throw the shuttle a greater or less distance as required in
weaving cloth of various widths in the same loom.
Thirdly, in communicating motion to two or more shuttles at the same time
by means of a vibrating shuttle carrier arranged with independent adjustable

page_text: arms whose distance apart may be varied as required in order to carry the
shuttle through webs of different widths.
Fourthly, in arranging the race rods forming the guides for the shuttle on
either side of the webs so that their distance apart may be varied for different
widths of web, and also so that their height above the race board may be
varied in order to receive the lower webs when the shed is open and allow the
shuttle to pass over without interfering with them.
Fifthly, in arranging the material covered by the warp and woof threads,
and connecting it with the heddles, so that it is raised with the upper leaf of
the shed when the shot of woof passes through the shed of warps covering
the under side of the material, and is depressed by the heddles so as to form
the under leaf of the shed when the woof passes between the warps covering
the upper surface of the material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Cheesman Morgan in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 29th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. GEORGE
CHEESMAN MORGAN, of Newcastle, Pennsylvania, in the United States of
America, and of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Cheesman Morgan, Her special licence that I, the said George
Cheesman Morgan, my executors administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said George Cheesman Morgan, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOмs," a communication from abroad by Mr.
Joseph Clifton, of Newcastle, aforesaid, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Cheesman Morgan, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said George Cheesman Morgan, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being bad to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say): —
This Invention consists, first, in arranging the mechanism for drawing
down the hooks, so that their range of motion may be varied when required
to open the shed a greater or less distance for work varying in thickness.
Secondly, in arranging the mechanism for giving motion to the shuttlo
carrier so as to throw the shuttle a greater or less distance as required in
weaving cloth of various widths in the same loom.
Thirdly, in communicating motion to two or more shuttles at the same
time by means of a vibrating shuttle carrier arranged with independent
adjustable arms whose distance apart may be varied as required in order to
carry the shuttle through webs of different widths.
Fourthly, in arranging the race rods forming the guides for the shuttle on
either side of the webs, so that their distance apart may be varied for different
widths of webs, and also so that their height above the race board may be
varied in order to receive the lower webs when the shed is open, and allow the
shuttle to pass over without interfering with them.
Fifthly, in arranging the material covered by the warp and woof threads,
and connecting it with the heddles, so that it is raised with the upper leaf of
the shed when the shot of woof passes through the shed of warps covering the
under side of the material, and is depressed by the heddles so as to form the
under leaf of the shed, when the woof passes between the warps covering the
upper surface of the material.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of a loom embracing these improve.
ments; Fig. 2 represents a side elevation of the same, showing the arrange-
ment of a jack hook and mechanism for raising and turning the pattern
cylinder; Fig. 3 represents a horizontal section of the loom below the lay;
Fig. 4 represents a longitudinal sectional elevation; Fig. 5 represents a
perspective view of the lay removed from the loom; Fig. 6 represents a back
Gia 7 rouresents the shuttle carrier removed from
alovation

page_text: In the accompanying Drawings is represented a loom embracing these
improvements, which consists of a frame A, of wood or metal, of the proper
form to support the moving and stationary parts. Posts B extend upward
from the sides of the frame, and are connected at the top by a double longi-
tudinal cap C, which gives support to a series of jack levers D, to which a
series of harnesses E are attached in the usual manner. The posts are made of
sufficient width to accommodate fifteen or twenty sets of harnesses, and the caps
are so arranged that they may be brought nearer to or carried farther from
each other, to receive between them a greater or less number of jacks; at one
end of the loom, and outside of its frame, is a secondary frame F, carrying a
pattern cylinder G, and the mechanism for drawing down the jacks and turning
the pattern cylinder. This frame is connected with the loom frame through
the cap C, which extends beyond the side of the loom for this purpose, and is
fastened by a bolt a to the top of the secondary frame. The position of the
.pattern frame in relation to the side of the loom may be varied, and brought
near to or carried further from it by releasing the frame from the bed plate
at the foot, and from the cap at the top, and then sliding it out or in, and
again fastening it to the bed plate and cap. The jacks D are pivoted to
brackets c, attached to the cap C, and extend to the centre of the loom on one
side, and beyond the pattern frame on the other. To the outer ends of the
jacks are attached jack hooks II, and several holes d are made in the outer
ends of the jacks to which the hooks may be attached, in order to change
their position, as the position of the frame F is changed, and thus vary the
length of the leverage of tho jacks as required in weaving heavy or light
fabrics, and in using a greater or less number of harnesses.
A pattern
wheel G is supported in bearings in the sides of the pattern frame, and at each
end is a ratchet wheel, the one e for a catch pawl f, to hold the wheel from
turning backward, and the other g for a turning pawl or bar v, which gives
motion to the wheel. On the surface of the pattern wheel are projecting
movable plugs i, arranged in the usual manner for operating the jack books,
and throwing them out so as to be caught by the jack hook lifter. A light
spring k attached at one end to a projecting plate 7 presses on the jack book
below the pattern wheel, and throws it back when released from the lifter.
The jack hook lifter consists of a straight bar h of metal attached to a slide m,
which traverses in adjustable ways n confined to the frame by set screws o,
and receives its motion through a link p, attached at one end to the jack
lifter, and at the other end to a crank pin q in a face plate on the end of the
shaft J, extending from the frame of the loom, and passing through the
pattern frame. In this face plate are a series of holes s for the crank pin at

page_text: different distances from its centre, so that by varying the position of the crank
pin on the face plate the range of motion of the jack lifters may be varied, and
consequently the range of motion of the jack hooks and jacks, and the shed
opened a greater or less distance. The pawl operating the pattern wheel is
attached to the jack lifter by a bolt t passing through a slat u in its lower end,
which admits of the pawl being adjusted, as the range of motion of the jack
lifter is changed. As the jack hooks I are thrown out by the points on the
pattern wheel striking the jacks opposite to them, they are caught and drawn
down by the jack hook lifter on its downward motion, which raises the harness
and opens the shed. When the jack hooks are released from the lifter by the
turning of the pattern wheel, those harnesses previously raised are drawn
back by means of springs L attached to the floor, and connected at each end
by means of cords to the bottom of the harnesses; when the harnesses are at
rest they are supported by brackets w on the inside of the post B. In front
of the harnesses is a lay M, the swords N of which are hinged in the usual
manner, so that the lay may vibrate backward & forward. The race board P
of the lay has two longitudinal grooves x, y, in its upper surface. In the
groove x is a reciprocating frame a' for throwing the shuttles, and projecting
upward from it are arms b', which, as the frame moves backward and forward,
strike the end of the shuttle, and throw them through the open shed. This
frame is provided with two or more sets of these arms, or as many as there are
pieces of cloth woven at the same time in the loom; and these armis are
connected with the frame, so that they may be adjusted the proper distance
apart to carry the shuttle through the webs of different widths. The groove y
carries a series of adjustable race rods or shuttle guides d', arranged on either
side of the web, and made to slide in the groove, so that their distances apart
may be changed for various widths of webs.
These slides are also arranged so that they may be raised & lowered by
means of adjusting screws e', passing through the bottom of the race board, in
order to raise the shuttle (in weaving heavy fabrics) above the warp threads
in the lower leaf of the shed, and prevent its striking the web as it passes
through, while at the same time the lower leaf is supported by the race board.
Above the race board and in the same plane as the lower guides to tho
shuttles are upper guides f', which are attached by a screw passing through a
slat Qin the guide to the frame R carrying the reed S; this slat admits of
the guide being adjusted longitudinally, and it is raised and lowered by raising
and lowering the reed frame, which is attached to the lay by slatted bars h¹.
An arm i projects from the under side of the shuttle driver frame a', and
passes through a slat in the bottom of the lay. This driver receives a reci-

page_text: procating movement from a rock shaft T, which turns in bearings on the loom
frame, and extending from the rock shaft is an adjustable lever k', passing
through an eye i in the arm of the shuttle driver. Motion is given to the
rock shaft T by means of cams U attached to a cross shaft V, and these canis
are arranged to strike a cam plate W attached to the rock shaft, and extending
outward on either side alternately, first on one side and then on the other of
the rock shaft, and thus give to it a rocking movement.
In order to vary the
range of motion of the shuttle driver the cams are moved nearer to or farther
from a plane passing through the centre of motion of the rock shaft, the
movement of the rock shaft decreasing as the cams are carried outward. At
the back of the loom is a frame X to hold the yarn beams Y. In the present
instance this frame carries three sets of beams; but this number may be
varied with the number of pieces of cloth that are woven at the same time in
the loom. Three or more beams are contained in each set, and one of these
beams which carries the tie warps is weighted heavier than the other beams.
The warps pass from the yarn beams between a pair of guide rollers, thence
through the heddles and reed and over the top of the lay, resting on the race
board between the lower shuttle guides. The cloth after it is woven, instead
of being wound on a cloth beam, passes around a take-up roller B', and thence
over a roller A', resting on the first roller from whence it drops on the floor;
on the end of the take-up roller B' is a toothed wheel m', which meshes into a
toothed pinion n' carrying a ratchet wheel o', to which motion is communicate:
by means of a take-up lever operated by the lay in the usual manner. Motion
is communicated to the loom through a driving shaft C', and on this shaft is a
toothed pinion 2, which gears into a toothed wheel attached to shaft D,
extending across the loom and projecting beyond the frame; to the outer end
of this shaft D¹ cranks are attached, which give motion to the lay through
a link s¹ pivotted at one end to the lay, and at the other to a crank pin t¹ in
the end of the crank.. The jack lifter shaft derives its motion directly
from the shaft D', through a train of gearing, and this gearing is so arranged
that two beats are made by the lay to each opening of the shed by the
jack lifter, in order to beat up the filling closer and give greater com-
pactness to the fabric. This loom is adapted to weave light or heavy fabrics,
as well as plain or figured. In weaving fabrics requiring several sets
of harness, such as heavy banding or hose, or covering cords or rope, the
jack lifter hooks W₁, operating the heddles a carrying the binding warps.
are made shorter than the other hooks, so that the shed formed with the
binding warps is opened wider than the shed of the other warps, and as
these warps are under a heavier tension, the yarn being more heavily weighted,

page_text: and as they are raised to a greater height, they serve to drive the filling home
and draw the different plies closer together, and render the fabric more compact
than it would otherwise be. In using this loom to cover cords or other material
with a woven fabric, a heddle is operated by a jack, so as to be alternately
in the upper leaf i of the shed of warps covering the under side of the cord,
and in the lower leaf i¹ of the shed of warps covering the upper side of the
cord, thus the cord is surrounded with a woven fabric.
In weaving pipe for hose formed with two or more plies, two sets of binding
warps are required, one for the upper part of the tube, and the other for the
under, in which case four short jack hooks are necessary to operate the four
sets of heddles used with the binding warps. In changing the loom from
several narrow fabrics to weave a single wide fabric, the central arms in the
shuttle driver are taken out, as well as the central race rods, and the cams
operating the rock shaft T are adjusted to give the required length of throw
to the shuttle to carry it through the wide shed. It will be seen from the
arrangement of the frame containing the pattern wheel and jack hook lifter,
and its connection with the lever frame, that greater or less length of leverage
may be given to the jacks for different descriptions of work, and also that
greater or less range of motion may be given to the beddles, which renders
this loom peculiarly well adapted to weave light or heavy work, as well as
plain or figured work, and, moreover, from the arrangement of the race rods,
shuttle driver, and mechanism for driving the shuttle, it is equally well adapted
to weave either several pieces of narrow material at the same time, or one
piece of wide material, without any loss of power in throwing the shuttle a
greater distance than is necessary to carry it through the shed. I do not con-
fine myself to the precise construction and arrangement of the parts as herein
described, as the construction and arrangements of many of the parts may be
varied without departing from the spirit of this Invention. The pawl or bar
used to turn the pattern wheel, instead of being attached to the jack hook lifter,
may be suspended from the pattern frame in front and made to slide in a
groove, so that on the upward motion of the lifter, it will be raised and cause
the wheel to turn and then drop by its own weight on the downward movement
of the jack hook lifter.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
berein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the combination of the jack hook lifter with an adjustable mechanism
for imparting to it a reciprocating motion, arranged substantially as described,

page_text: so that the range of motion of the heddle may be changed as required to vary
the opening of the shed.
Secondly, the combination of a rock shaft & cam plate with adjustable cams,
so arranged that by varying their distance from the centre of the rock shaft,
the range of motion of the rock shaft is changed, and the shuttle thrown a
greater or less distance, as required.
Thirdly, the combination of the lay with a vibrating shuttle carrier, arranged
substantially as described, so that the distance between the arms of the carrier
may be varied to correspond with the distance the shuttle is thrown in passing
through webs of different widths, substantially in the manner described.
Fourthly, the combination of the lay with adjustable guide rods for the
shuttle, so arranged that their distance apart may be varied as required in
weaving fabrics of different widths at the same time, & also so that their
height above the race board may be changed for fabrics varying in thickness,
substantially as described.
Fifthly, I claim arranging a cord or other material which is to be covered
with a woven fabric between the warps, and connecting it to an independent
heddle, which is so arranged and operated as to raise the cord with the upper
leaf of the shed, while the woof thread is passing between the warps covering
the under side, and depresses it with the lower leaf of the shed, while the woof
is passing between the warps covering the upper side of the cord, substan-
tially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Cheesman Morgan, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
CORGAN