IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANTIFACTURE OR CANDLES AND IN ADDARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jesse Ascough, of Handsworth, in the County
of Stafford, Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANTIFACTURE OR CANDLES
AND IN ADDARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Jesse Ascough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 21st March 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JESSE
ASCOUGH, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN,” and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say:-
:-
My Invention refers more particularly to the manufacture of snuffless
and other "dip" candles, in pairs or singly, and to improved methods
of forming and arranging the rods and blocks employed to carry the

page_text: wicks during the process of dipping such wicks into the melted tallow
or other fatty composition.
My Invention also relates to an improved method of winding the
wick material for the required lengths, with apparatus therefor, the
lengths of wick being afterwards cut either before the dipping process
or after the wicks have been partially dipped.
I purpose using any suitable kind of wick or wicks whether platted,
gimped, round, sewn through, twisted, or otherwise, but by preference I
use a platted wick; in some cases I add to such wicks either a white or
colored thread, or threads of worsted or other fibrous animal product,
which may be incorporated with the manufactured wick or added thereto,
as required, and this part of my Invention is equally applicable to the
wicks of other descriptions of candles than dips. The effect of the
addition of this material to the wick is increased brilliancy of the light
with more perfect combustion of the wick.
The object and nature of my improvements will be more readily
understood by aid of the accompanying Drawings, reference being had
to the letters and figures marked thereon.
For the sake of clearness I will first describe the ordinary and well
known arrangement of rods and blocks used for carrying the wicks and
represented in Figures 1 and 2 contained within the line A.
Figure 1 is a cross section, and Figure 2 a part side elevation of a
series of wooden rods (a), which are held by, and fit into, a block at
each end, one of such blocks (a¹) being shown. The rods (a) carry the
wicks (6) during the process of dipping or formation of the candles in
single rows, and which are partly represented in the Drawings as
finished and ready for removal from the rods.
Figures 1 and 2 are merely shewn for the purpose of illustrating the
usual rods and blocks employed in the manufacture of the ordinary
tallow dip candles.
Figure 3 represents my improvements as applied to the usual wooden
rods and blocks, which may be altered when practicable, to meet the
requirements of such improvements. The holes of the blocks (a') are
shewn by the dotted lines; these I suitably enlarge alternately to
admit the ends of a pair of the usual rods (a), which may be rivetted
or otherwise secured together, if required, so as to form one rod or
bar (c), upon which are arranged the lengths of wick material by hand
or by a machine for such purpose, thus forming; when dipped, a series of

page_text: Or, I
pairs of candles, such as (d), or a double row to assist in keeping the
lengths of wick material in place upon the rod or bar (c); one of the
ordinary rods (a) may be employed as a weight, being placed upon
the wicks as shewn, and kept in position by any suitable means.
form a new stock or block and bore suitable recesses, such as shewn in
Figure 4, to receive the ends of the rod or bar (c) and also the ends of
the weight rod. Or, again, having enlarged the holes in the blocks (a¹),
I use rods or bars of the section of Figure 5, and with or without the
addition of a weight rod; the blocks or stocks are made to accommodate
the number or sets of rods or bars required, which fit into such blocks
or stocks at either end, and are supported thereby, the set of rods
with the suspended wicks being all dipped at one time in the ordinary
manner.
Figure 6 is another form of rod, Figure 7 shewing the block (e)
suitably recessed to receive the ends of the rods; a pair of such rods
may be used, if preferred, as shewn in Figure 8, the upper rod being
employed as a weight upon the wicks.
Figures 9 to 20, inclusive, represent some of the many forms of bars
or rods I may employ in carrying out my improvements, all having a
similar object, namely, that of providing a sufficient width and suspension
for the wicks for the production of a double row of candles at one time
and upon one rod. The blocks or stocks are in all cases suitably formed
for the rods to be used therewith.
As shewn in Figures 13, 18, 19, and 20, the wooden rods may be
hollowed out in their length, as at (ƒ), upon one or more sides to enable
the ordinary rods (a) to be employed as the weight for keeping the
wicks in position upon the rods. The form of rod, Figure 18, is shewn
in section in Figure 21, as held in the block or stock, recessed as at (g)
to receive it, an ordinary rod being used as the weight for the wicks,
provision being made in the block for receiving the ends of the weight
rod if necessary.
Figure 22 shews a similar form of block or stock to Figure 21, with
the exception that a veneer or metal plate (h) is secured over the
recesses (i), instead of the material of the block being left solid at
such parts.
Figure 23 illustrates another form of weighted bar or rod, and the
block or stock to secure the same; in this case the top part (k) of the
block or stock is moveable from the lower part (1), being secured in

page_text: its place upon the lower part and over the rods by any suitable fastening;
or, as represented in Figures 24 and 25, I reduce the ends of the rods or
bars as at (m), and form such ends either round or square so as to fit
into the holes of the ordinary blocks (a¹), Figures 1 and 2.
In some cases it may be found preferable to use, instead of wooden
rods or bars as described, metal hollow bars or rods or open tubes, such
as Figure 26, Figure 27 shewing the metal hollow rod carrying wicks
which are weighted if requisite by means of an ordinary rod (a), or other
wood or metal rod, or by a bar or rod made to fit within the hollow of
the metal tube as in Figure 28. Again the wicks may be held in place
upon the rods as shewn in Figure 29 by means of pins or rivets (n)
passing through holes formed along the length of the rod.
Figure 30 shews in plan a method of holding the ordinary or weight
bar (a) in position upon the wicks by means of clips or housings (o)
secured to the rod (p), under which the ends of the weight rod (a) may
be slipped; other suitable fastenings may, however, be used, such as
catches, turn buttons, or metal loops and bands. I also form rods either
round, oblong, or other shape, in section to receive pairs of hooks or
catches as shewn in Figures 31 and 32, arranged along one or both sides
of the rods. Upon these hooks the lengths of wick are arranged so as
to produce pairs of candles in manner before described, or I employ
double hooks as shewn in Figure 33 to receive the wicks, such hooks
being secured into the rods by means of screws or pins; or again, I
form single or double hooks with rings for slipping upon the rods, as
represented in Figures 34 and 35. By another method as shewn in
Figure 36, I form metal turned up holders or carriers (r) of sufficient
width, secured along one or both sides of the rods in suitable numbers,
so as to support the wick in dipping candles in pairs, as before described.
I can also dip candles singly by providing the rod (y), Figure 37, with
a series of sharp pointed hooks (y¹) along one or both sides of the
rod (y), upon which hooks the ends of the wick lengths may be stuck
as shewn.
Figure 38 is an elevation, and Figure 39, a section upon the line (x),
of Figure 38 of my improved apparatus for winding the wick material
for the lengths required in the formation of pairs of candles. (s) is a
bracket or holder which may be secured to a wall or other suitable
support, and which is furnished with recesses and holes, as shewn in
Figure 39, to receive the ends of the rods (t) and (t¹); (v) is a moveable

page_text: standard or holster for supporting the other ends of the rods (t) and (f),
being formed with recesses or holes corresponding to those in tho
holster (8). The wick material (w) is wound upon the rods (t) and (¹),
as shewn, so as to produce any required number of doubles (201) by
the action of winding the wick material (w) upon the rods (t) and (¹),
it is thereby also stretched and straightened, the moveable holster or
standard (v) is then removed to permit one or both of the rods (t) and (t)
to be released from the holster or bracket (8). The wicks may either
be cut through at the double parts (w¹), and the upper rod (t) with
the cut wicks removed for the dipping process, or the wicks upon
the rods (t) and (t) may first be partially dipped to form a candle core,
and then cut at the parts (w¹), in which case, the lower rod (¹) is dipped
with the wicks and forms a weight for the purpose of keeping them
straight, it will be obvious without further description that the greater
number of the rods I have described may be used as the upper rod (t)
of the winding apparatus shewn in Figures 38 and 39.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jesse Ascough, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.