IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Siemens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881.
FREDERICK SIEMENS, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
IN LAMPS."
"
IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to that construction of lamps wherein the heat of the
products of combustion is imparted more or less to the air and gas supply for the
Hame, for which construction I have obtained previous Letters Patent, No. 2281,
of 1879, No. 1561, of 1880, and No. 5172, of 1880.
According to my present improvements I apply the "regenerative" system
described in the Specifications to the said Patents to flat burners as follows:-A
flat or ribbed vertical plate of a width corresponding to the width of burner
required has formed upon it at about the middle of its height a horizontal closed
channel or small chamber into which the illuminating gas is led by a pipe, and
from which it issues through a number of small vertical tubes arranged in a row,
similar to those arranged in a circle in my beforementioned previous Patents, and
which constitute the burner of the lamp. On one side of the beforementioned
plate is formed a flat vertical passage, within which are situated the said gas
channel and tubes, and which extends at its upper end to near the top of the tubes
where it is open, and has its outerside provided with a notched deflecting flange,
by which the air supply passing up through the open lower end to the burner is
deflected towards the flame and divided into a number of separate jets, in a similar
manner to the action of the circular notched air deflectors described in my said
previous Patents. The said air supply passage is extended downward some
distance below the lower ends of the gas tubes. On the other side of the first
mentioned flat plate carrying the gas burner is formed another flat passage
extending downwards like the air passage, but which according to one arrange-
ment is closed at bottom, while at the upper part it is divided by a longitudinal
partition into two passages, of which the one next the burner is made to open at
Pin 31

page_text: some height above the burner, while the other or back passage communicates at its
upper end with a flue pipe. That part of the plate carrying the burner which
extends from the tops of the gas tubes to the opening of the inner passage is
formed of a separate piece of porcelain or other suitable refractory and light
reflecting material, and it has by preference formed on its face next the burner
one or more notched ribs which deflect the air rising from the air passage on the
inner side of the gas tubes against the inner side of the flame, and which also offer
additional surface for taking up heat from the flame.
The action of the lamp is as follows:-
The gas issuing from the gas tubes being ignited the flat flame and hot gaseous
products pass up in close contiguity to the said porcelain plate and to the flue pipe
heating the same, whereby after a short-time an air current will be induced in the
latter, causing the flame and hot gases to be drawn over the top of the porcelain
plate into the inner passage, in which they will first descend and then ascend
through the outer passage into the flue pipe. By this means the said passages
become highly heated, and this heat is transmitted by conduction to the air and
gas supply passage, thus heating both the gas and air to a high degree before
entering into combustion, as described in my previous Patents. It is preferred to
form outside the air passage a second narrow passage through which air also
passes to the flame after taking up the heat transmitted through the walls of the
inner air passage. By continuing the air passages down some distance below the
burner as described a column of heated air is induced therein, causing sufficient
draught to enable the flame to burn without a chimney glass. The porcelain plate
also serves as reflector to the flame, the lamp being more particularly suitable for
localities, such as shop windows, theatres, picture galleries, and the walls of rooms
where the light requires to be projected in one direction only. The walls of the
air passages as also those for the products of combustion may be provided with
internal ribs or projections for more effectually taking up and giving off the heat;
or the passages may contain "filling" for this purpose, such as described in the
said previous Patents.
When a number of such lamps are arranged in a row the vertical flue pipe to
each lamp may be dispensed with, and the passage for the products of combustion
may be conveniently connected to or formed in one with a horizontal flue pipe
common to all the lamps, one end of which is either in communication with the
vertical flue of a fire-place for affording the requisite draught; or it may have a
special vertical flue, in which a gas flame is provided for inducing an upward
current on first lighting the lamps. This last described construction facilitates the
grouping together of a number of such lamps to form any desired design, such as
stars, rings, and the like, the connecting flue pipe being formed with a corresponding
configuration. By means of this arrangement of the horizontal flue pipe also
single burners may be constructed with a row of the small gas tubes of any desired
length, either straight or with any desired curvature, thus affording novel effects
in illumination that are not attainable with circular burners.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Siemens in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
December 1881.
FREDERICK SIEMENS, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
IN LAMPS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to that construction of lamps wherein the heat of the
products of combustion is imparted more or less to the air and gas supply for the
flame, for which construction I have obtained previous Letters Patent, No. 2231, of
1879, No. 1561, of 1880, and No. 5172, of 1880.
According to my present improvements I apply the " 'regenerative" system,
described in the Specifications to the said Patents to flat burners as follows:-A
flat or ribbed vertical plate of a width corresponding to the width of burner
required has formed upon it at about the middle of its height a horizontal closed
channel or small chamber into which the illuminating gas is led by a pipe, and
from which it issues through a number of small vertical tubes arranged in a row,
similar to those arranged in a circle in my before mentioned previous Patents, and
which constitute the burner of the lamp. On one side of the before mentioned
plate is formed a flat vertical passage within which are situated the said gas
channel and tubes, and which extends at its upper end to near the top of the tubes
where it is open, and has its outer side provided with a notched deflecting flange,
by which the air supply passing up through the open lower end to the burner is
deflected towards the flame and divided into a number of separate jets, in a similar
manner to the action of the circular notched air deflectors described in my said
previous Potents. The said air supply passage is extended downward some distance
below the lower ends of the gas tubes. On the other side of the first mentioned
flat plate carrying the gas burner is formed another flat passage extending down-
wards like the air passage, but which according to one arrangement is closed at
bottom, while at the upper part it is divided by a longitudinal partition into two
passages, of which the one next the burner is made to open at some height above
the burner, while the other or back passage communicates at its upper and with a
flue pipe. That part of the plate carrying the burner which extends from the tops
of the gas tubes to the opening of the inner passage is formed of a separate piece of
porcelain or other suitable refractory and light reflecting material, and it has by
preference formed on its face next the burner one or more notched ribs, which
deflect the air rising from the air passage on the inner side of the gas tubes against
the inner side of the flame, and which also offer additional surface for taking up
heat from the flame.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.

page_text: tops of the gas tubes C.. By means of these projections the air current passing up
through F on each side of the gas tubes is divided into a number of separate
streams and deflected against the flame in a similar manner to the circular notched
air deflectors described in my previous Patents. Against the outer side of the
passage F is by preference formed a second narrow air passage H operating in a
similar manner to the circular outer passage described in the Specification to my
Patent, No. 5172, of 1880. The action of the lamp is as follows:-Gas being
admitted into A and ignited at the tubes C, the flame and gaseous products there-
from in passing upwards against the surface of the porcelain plate P imparts heat
to the flue pipe I, thereby inducing an upward current of air therein which will
cause the flame and gaseous products to be drawn over the edge of the plate P ipto
the passage D, in which they will descend in order to escape up the flue pipe I.
The heat thus imparted to the sides of the passages is transmitted by conduction
to the air passage F, thereby heating the air and gas supply to a considerable
degree before entering into combustion. By extending the air passage downwards
to some extent as shewn a column of hot air will be contained therein which will
induce an upward current of sufficient force to enable the flame to burn steadily
without a chimney glass. It is of great importance for this purpose that the
column of air in F should be sufficient to produce the requisite current for the
flame independently of the chimney draught. By the passages F and H highly
heated air is fed with considerable impulse against the flame, while the heated gas
issues with comparatively low velocity from the tubes C, so that the action
obtained is just the reverse of that of ordinary flat gas burners, in which the
steadiness of the flame is obtained by causing the gas to issue with high velocity
into a comparatively quiescent surrounding atmosphere. The porcelain plate P also
serves as reflector, so that these flat burners are particularly adapted for throwing
the light in one particular direction, such as is required for wall lights, shop
windows, theatres, picture galleries, and the like.
As the burner may be constructed with a row of gas tubes O of any desired
length, either arranged in a straight line or in any desired curve, various novel
effects in illumination may be produced by means of these lamps, such as are not
possible with circular burners.
For producing such a burner of considerable length, or for connecting a row of
separate burners, I prefer to arrange the flue pipe horizontally, as shewn in vertical
section at Fig. 5, and in sectional plan on line g, h, at Fig. 4. In this case the flue
pipe I is either made to communicate with the chimney flue of a fire place for
producing sufficient draught, or it may communicate with a separate vertical flue,
in which a gas flame or other means is provided for producing the requisite
draught on first igniting the lamps. The draught being once established the said
special flame may be extinguished.
The sides of the passages or regenerators for air and products of combustion may
be corrugated or ribbed to increase the heat absorbing and conducting surface, or
the passages may contain a "filling" of perforated metal plates or wire gauze for
this purpose, as described in my said previous Patenta.
Under certain circumstances, and with particular descriptions of illuminating
gas, it appears advisable to employ two or more rows of the small gas tubes O,
instead of only one row as shewn, taking care so to arrange them that a sufficient
space intervenes between the contiguous tubes, and that no tube is covered by
another one, in order that the separate small flames from the tubes may form one
continuous combined flame. This arrangement of two or more rows of tubes is
also applicable to the circular or ring shaped burners described in my before
mentioned previous Patents.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed I claim,—
First. The combination of a straight row of gas tubes with a regenerator or
passage for heating the air supply to the flame on one side of a straight or curved
division wall, and a regenerator or passage for taking up heat from the products

page_text: of combustion on the other side of the said wall, the upper part of which wall
extending to a certain height above the gas tubes, being formed of porcelain or
other refractory material, and having an aperture for the downward passage of the
products of combustion, substantially as herein described.
Second. The use in regenerative lamps with flat burners of a plate of porcelain
or other refractory and light reflecting material, having one or more rows of
notched projections, such plate serving the several purposes of rendering the flame
steady, of determining the length of the flame, and of acting as reflector of light,
substantially as herein described.
Third. The combination of the porcelain or other plate referred to in the
preceding claim, having one or more rows of notched projections at a certain height
above the gas tubes, with a notched air deflecting flange on the other side of the
gas tubes at or about the level of the tops thereof, substantially as described.
Fourth. The construction of regenerative lamps with flat burners herein
described, with reference to Figs. 1 to 5 of the Drawings.
Fifth. Arranging a series or group of flat regenerative burners, such as are
herein described, in combination with a flue pipe common to all, constructed either
of a straight, curved, star, or or other shaped form, substantially as herein
described, with reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Siemens, have bereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.