AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE AND PROALFICATION AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Langman, of Stonehouse, in the County of
Devon, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CARTRIDGE AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Langman, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1860.
I, JOHN LANGMAN, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CARTRIDGE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My cartridge consist of a case of cardboard, pasteboard, gutta percha, metal;
or other like material open at both ends. I prefer, however, to form my case
as well as the covers hereafter mentioned, of a sheet of paper rolled up upon a
metal roller; each layer of paper in the roll is made to unite and adhere to
that preceding it by means of a cement of shell lac and naphtha previously
applied to the paper; before rolling the paper on the roller, I apply as much tin
or other metal foil as will go once round the roller, and this forms a waterproof
lining; I do not however limit myself to this particular construction of the case,
though I have found it the most suitable for my purpose. Having formed
the roll, I cut it up into lengths of about two inches, more or less; I then take
a case and set it up erect in a holder in which the edges of the case are

page_text: received and rest upon a shoulder extending all round the holder; below this
shoulder is a recess of rather smaller diameter and extending downwards
about three-eighths of an inch. A case being placed in the holder, I take a
disc of paper with the edges cut out in the form of a star, or with portions
of the edges cut away, and I place it on the top of the case, I next take
a conical bullet or other elongated projectile and place it base downwards
on the paper and by means of a small piston or plunger drive the projectile
down through the case and the base thereof into the recess in the holder.
About one-third more or less of the projectile is thus made to protrude
from the now closed end of the case covered with paper; I then insert a
ring of cardboard formed in two halves, and press it down on the projectile
so as to fill up the space between the conical part thereof and the inner sides
of the case all round. The protruding end of the projectile with its covering
of paper is dipped in a lubricating material or composition. The case is next
filled with a powder and a cover (by preference) of similar material to that of
the case is applied, a similar cover is placed on the other end of the case
covering the protruding end of the projectile; I secure the covers to the case
by a strip or strips of paper made to adhere to the case and sides of the covers.
If desired the cartridge may be made waterproof on the outside, if the materials
used are not themselves waterproof, by being dipped in any suitable waterproof
composition.
To load with my cartridges give a partial turn to the cover at that end
opposite to the projectile, when the paper joint will be severed; pour in the
powder, then turn over the case, insert the protruding end of the projectile in
the muzzle of the gun, and ram the projectile home, the ramrod being first
inserted into and through the case.
For practice these cases may be used over and over again.
For shot guns, I first enclose the charge of shot in a case to fit the bore of
the gun and proceed as with ball cartridges.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed 3
by the Administratrix of John Langman. deceased, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOANNAH
LANGMAN, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Administratrix of the late
John Langman, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Gentleman, S
deceased, send greeting.
Patent Office on the 12th September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOANNAH
LANGMAN, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Administratrix of the late
John Langman, of Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Gentleman, s
deceased, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
him; the said John Langman, Her special licence that he, the said John
Langman, his executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the
said John Langman, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time. agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CARTRIDGE, AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME," upon the condition
(amongst others) that he, the said John Langman, his executors or adminis;
trators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one of their
hands, and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joannah Langman, as such adininis-
tratrix, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed that is to say :-
My cartridge consists of a case of cardboard, pasteboard, wood, gutta percha,
metal, or other like material, open at both ends. I prefer, however, to form my
case, as well as the cover or covers hereafter mentioned, of a sheet of paper
rolled up upou a metal roller, each layer of paper in the roll is made to unite
and adhere to that preceding it by means of a cement of shell-lac and naphtha, or
any other adhesive material of that character previously applied to the paper;
before rolling the paper on the roller I apply as much tin or other metal foil
as will go once round the roller, and this forms a waterproof lining. I do not
however limit myself to this particular construction of the case, though I have
found it most suitable for my purpose, as it can be made, for example, direct.
from the pulp on to a roller, and afterwards cut up into cases or in single cases,
using or applying the metal foil as an inside or outside, waterproof cover or
lining. Having formed the roll I cut it up into lengths of about two inches,
more or less; I then take a case and set it up erect in a holder as shown.at
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings, in which the edges of the case aro

page_text: received and rest upon a shoulder extending all round the holder; below this
shoulder is a recess of rather smaller diameter and extending downwards
about three-eighths of an inch, more or less. A case being placed in the holder
I take a dise of paper or metal foil with the edges cut out in the form of a
star, or with portions of the edges cut away, and I place it on the top of the
case; I next take a conical bullet, or, in case of blank cartridges, a wad or
other elongated projectile and place it base downwards on the paper, and by
means of a small piston or plunger drive the projectile down through the case
and the base thereof into the recess in the holder. About one-third, more or
less, of the projectile is thus made to protrude from the now closed end of the
case covered with paper or metal foil. I then prefer to insert a ring of card-
board in one piece or in two halves and press it down on the projectile so as
to fill up the space between the conical part thereof, and the inner sides of the
case all round. The protruding end of the projectile with its covering of paper
or metal foil is dipped in a lubricating material or composition. The case is
next filled with powder, and a cover (by preference) of similar materials to
that of the case is applied; a similar cover if required can be placed on the
other end of the case, covering the protruding end of the projectile, or in case of
blank cartridges, the wad. I secure the covers to the case by a strip or strips
of paper made to adhere to the case and sides of the covers; if desired the
cartridge may be made waterproof on the outside if the materials used are not
themselves waterproof by being dipped in any suitable waterproof composition.
For blank cartridges I employ a thick wad of any suitable material in place
of the projectile.
.
For shot cartridges a cover is placed at both ends of the cartridge, and a
piece of cardboard or other suitable material divides the powder and shot, or
the shot is enclosed in a case and then used in filling the cartridge case in the
same manner as when using a conical bullet.
To load with my cartridges give a partial turn to the cover at that end-
opposite to the projectile or wad in blank cartridges, when the paper joint
will be severed; pour in the powder, then turn over the case'; insert the
protruding end of the projectile, and in the case of blank cartridges, the wad
in the muzzle of the gun and ram the same home, the ramrod being first
inserted into and through the case.
For practice these cases may be used over and over again.
Figure 2 shows a cartridge case in section constructed according to my
Invention being open at both ends, with the caps raised; a is the case; b; the
top, and c, the bottom cover; d is the metal foil lining. Figure 3 is an
external view of the cartridge case, showing the strips of paper b and c, for

page_text: securing the covers. Figure 4 is a horizontal section through the top of the
cartridge case charged with powder; a is the case, and d is the metal foil
lining. Figure 5 is a section showing the case charged with powder and the
projectile protruding as before described with the covers on.
Figure 6 is a view of the case charged, with the bottom cover removed.
Figure 7 shows the case charged as a blank cartridge; a is the case; b, the
top cover; g is the powder, and e the wad, instead of the projectile; or instead
of the wad e a cover c. Figure 8 can be fitted to the bottom part of the
cartridge. Figure 9 shows the case charged with powder and small shot,
having a cardboard wad or other division between the powder as shown in the
Drawing.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the construction of cartridge cases open at both ends and provided
with caps or covers, the internal part being lined with metal foil when formed
of paper as herein-before described.
Second, the method of manufacturing cartridges in such manner that the
projectile is made to protrude beyond the end of the cartridge case in the
manner and for the purposes described.
Third, the construction of blank cartridges as herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joannah Langman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
JOANNAH LANGMAN. (1..S.)