Improvement in Joints for Pipes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1891-Accepted, 12th Sept., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Joints for Pipes.
I, JAMES ROBBINS, of 78 Frithville Gardens, Uxbridge Road, London, in the.
County of Middlesex, Clerk of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of the present invention is to so construct pipes that same shall be
capable of receiving and carrying a quantity of plastic cement or other plastic
naterial, sufficient to ensure the closing of the joint or certain parts thereof when
the pipes are placed in position.
In pipes as hitherto constructed a difficulty has been found in retaining plastic
material round the pipe, as such material is liable to fall away from the surface of.
the pipe by gravity, whereby an imperfect joint results.
.
As applied to spigot and socket joints the present invention consists in providing
any number of carriers either on the spigot or in the socket, or both, such carriers
being so formed that they constitute recesses, hollows or cups in which a plastic
material will be retained in no matter what position the pipe is placed. These
carriers may be in the form of projections having undercut surfaces, recesses or
cups, which may be parallel to or at any desired angle to the bore of the pipe.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section (partly in elevation) of the ends of two
adjoining lengths of pipe embodying my invention, the carriers being formed on
the spigot.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1 of a slight modification of my invention.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of the ends of two adjoining lengths of pipe, in
which the carriers are formed in the socket.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of a socket with longitudinal carriers and an
elevation of a spigot also with longitudinal carriers to be inserted in such socket.
Fig. 5 is an end view partly in section of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of two adjoining lengths of pipe in which the
carrier is in the form of a cup or recess formed in the socket, and a collar or rammer
on the spigot acts in conjunction therewith.
Fig. 7 is a similar view to Fig. 6, showing a carrier in the form of a cup or recess
formed also on the spigot, as well as in the socket, the two carriers acting in con-
junction with each other."
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section of two adjoining lengths of pipe in which the
carriers are in the form of recesses made on the spigot and in the socket at an angle
to the bore of the pipe.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of two adjoining lengths of pipe in which the
socket has one carrier in the form of a recess at or near its inner end, and another
carrier in the form of a recess at its outer end, same acting in conjunction with a
carrier in the form of a recess or of recesses at or near the inner end of the spigot
and a recess or recesses forming cross carriers on a collar or projection on the spigot
near the outer end of the socket.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section of two adjoining lengths of pipe of a similar
construction to that shown in Fig. 9 but having an intermediate carrier in the
socket and on the spigot.
Fig. 11 is a longitudinal section of a socket having interrupted longitudinal
carriers and an elevation of a spigot having corresponding carriers, both sets of
carriers being interrupted so as to form a series of steps.
Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the spigot end of a pipe fitted with longitudinal
carriers which are of interrupted form in the direction of their length.
In Fig. 1 the carriers a are formed ou the spigot A and are in the form of rings

page_text: or collars, the forward edge of which is undercut as shown, so that plastic material
when placed in or on same will be retained or held securely in place by reason of
the undercut portion of the carriers, and will be carried by them into the socket B
when the spigot is inserted therein, and so form a sound joint.
In Fig. 2 the carriers à instead of being uniform increase in diameter towards the
end of the spigot A., but their forward edges are undercut in a similar manner to
that shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 2 the spigot A is provided with an extension a' at.
its forward end to enter a recess in the inner end of the socket B; and further a
collar a is formed on the spigot A at the rear of the carriers a to enter and close
the outer end of the socket B.
In Fig. 3 the carriers a are formed in the socket B instead of on the spigot A,
and the plastic material to form the joint will consequently be placed and held in the
socket instead of round the spigot.
In Figs. 4 and 5 the carriers instead of being arranged transversely to the bore
of the pipe as in the preceding arrangements, are longitudinal thereto, and such
carriers may be formed either in the socket or on the spigot, or both as shown, and
either one of the edges of such carriers may be undercut as shown on the spigot,
or both edges may be undercut as shown in the socket.
In Fig. 6 the carrier a to receive the plastic material is in the form of a cup or
recess formed at or near the inner end of the socket B, and the spigot A is provided
with a collar or rammer a², acting in conjunction with the carrier so as to bed
against the plastic material retained in the latter. The rear of collar or rammer a
can be filled in with suitable material from the outer end of socket B if desired.
In Fig. 7 the carrier a in the socket B is in the form of a cup or recess, and acts
in conjunction with a corresponding carrier, cup or recess a² on the spigot, so that
plastic material can be placed in each carrier, and when one cup enters the other a
sound joint will be made. The rear of carrier a² can also be filled in with suitable
material from the outer end of socket B if desired..
In Fig. 8 the carrier a in the socket B is in the form of a cup or recess at an
angle to the axis of the pipe, and acts in conjunction with a corresponding carrier,
cup or recess a² on the spigot also at an angle to the axis of the pipe, and as before
the rear of carrier a' can be filled in if desired.
In Fig. 9 the socket B has one carrier a at an angle to the axis of the pipe near
its inner end, and another preferably similar carrier a at or near its outer end, and
the spigot A has a double or divided carrier a¹ near its forward end formed at an
angle to the axis of the pipe, and the partition or tongue a of which enters the
inner carrier a in the socket when the spigot is driven home, while cross carriers a¹
and a are formed at right angles to. each other in a collar or rammer a² which
closes the outer end of socket B, and acts in conjunction with the carrier a formed.
at such outer end.
The plastic material is placed in the carriers a, a, at, a' and a, and when the
spigot is driven home the joint is entirely closed. Filling in material may then be
run in through a hole or holes b in the socket B or other suitable part, so as to fill
the space left between the two sets of carriers.
In Fig. 10 the carrier a at the inner end of the socket is in the form of a cup,
and that a on the forward end of the spigot is of similar form, the two cups
entering one into the other as shown. The collar or rammer a² is also preferably
provided with cross carriers a' and a', and butts against the outer end of the
šocket so as to close same. Between the collar or rammer a? and the carrier or
cup a an intermediate carrier a is formed on the spigot, and butts against an
intermediate carrier a in the socket. Two separate spaces a and a* will thus be
formed between the two sets of end carriers, and such spaces may be filled in with
suitable material which may be run in through holes b, b, in the socket, thus
forming a double joint. Before inserting the spigot into the socket the carriers
will all be filled with waterproof plastic material as in the previous constructions
described. Instead of a double joint it will be readily understood that the number
of spaces between the carriers may be increased if desired.

page_text: In Fig. 11 the carriers a are arranged longitudinally and are of interrupted form
so as to constitute a series of steps, the spaces between which are of any size found
most suitable for the plastic material to be employed, and the edges of the steps are
undercut so as to retain such plastic material. The carriers on the spigot will in
this case be arranged so as to fit into the spaces between those in the socket, and
vice versa, and the edges of the two sets of carriers will preferably be made at corre-
sponding angles.
In Fig. 12 the carriers a on spigot A. are also of longitudinal form and are
interrupted in the direction of their length so as to form an annular recess or
annular recesses at intermediate points in their length. Either one or both edges
of the carriers may be undercut. The carriers may be formed on the spigot only
or in the socket only, or carriers on one may act in conjunction with carriers in the
other. The annular recess or recesses between the different lengths of the carriers
may be run in with suitable material through holes formed in the socket or other
convenient part.
Although I have described my invention as applied to socket and spigot pipes it
will be readily understood that I may apply my improved carriers to butt pipes,
beds and saddles, channels or other conduits.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
The construction of pipes or conduits with carriers in the form of recesses,
hollows or cups to receive and retain plastic material, such carriers being formed
either on the spigot or in the socket of the pipes, or both, or on one end of, or on
both ends of, the abutting ends of two adjoining lengths of pipes or conduits, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 8th day of August 1891.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.