Improvements connected with Arc Lamps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 10th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 10th July, 1896
Improvements connected with Arc Lamps.
ERNEST ALBERT PELLET, of 34 Boulevard de Clichy, Paris, Electrician, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention which relates to an improved system of combined arc and
incandescent lamp with a fixed luminous point, fitted with an arrangement for
automatic lighting and relighting the lamp.
In this system of lamp, the carbons, of which the number may vary, are parallel
near to each other, in such manner that the two cones are parallel in opposite
directions. The point of each carbon rests against a block of infusible material,
capable of being brought to incandescence. The carbons may be arranged in
quincunx and brought towards the blocks by means of weight or spring appliances,
or in any suitable manner; which enables an arc light and an incandescent light
to be obtained in combination.
By this invention the luminous point remains fixed, the are which is produced
between the blocks renders them incandescent, which considerably increases the
brilliancy of the light produced, approximating to the light of day.
As are lamps according to this invention do not require any mechanism, to feed
the carbons they may be placed in any position the luminous surface being placed
outside the reflector, all the rays are utilized; the lamp may be worked with all
the known generators with continuous or alternating currents, and is not affected
by joltings.
The essential feature of this invention may be carried out in different ways
without departing from the spirit of the invention. I will proceed to describe the
same with aid of the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an arrangement that
has been found to give good results.
Figure 1 illustrating in elevation an arc lamp and accessories according to this
invention.
Figure 2 a plan.
Figure 3 under view.
Figure 4 a detached view illustrating an arrangement for using a number of
carbons in one lamp particularly applicable to marine purposes.
In these different figures the same letters of reference denote same parts.
The complete apparatus is composed of two insulated horizontal slides a which
may be regulated by means of the adjusting screw b; these slides carry the
supports c in which the carbon holders d may be moved by means of the screw e
fixed on the support c.
At
The carbon holders & are tubular and carry the carbon f guided in a ring 9 and
by two grooved pulleys h placed opposite each other, or one above the other.
the back the carbon is provided with a fixed sleeve i carrying a hook k which
passes in a slot 1 forming a slide arranged in the upper part of the carbon holder d.
A cord m is attached by one of its extremities to the hook k of the sleeve in such
a manner that this cord, passing over a pulley n fixed on the carbon holder and
fastened by its other extremity to a spring drum or barrel o upon which it is
wound, effects the movement of the carbon towards the centre of the lamp until its
point comes in contact with a block of insulating and refractory material mounted
in a holder g capable of being moved in a socket r forming a body with the carbon
Price d
P

page_text: :
holder opposite; this arrangement forms a sort of automatic regulator, as the
carbons are led towards the refractory blocks according to their use.
It will be seen from the foregoing that the leading point of a lamp according t
this invention consists of the contact of the carbon with the block p of refractory,
infusible, and insulating substance; between these two materials an arc or an
incandescent part is produced. This block may be made of any suitable
material capable of infusibility and insulation. A composition that I have found'
to give good results consists of a mixture of magnesia, lime, zirconium, and other
oxides of rare metals. After pulverisation these substances are mixed into paste
by the addition of any suitable cementitious or glutinous material, and moulded by
pressure.
Another leading feature of my lamp is the arrangement of lighter for forming
the arc; this lighter consists of an electro magnets which attracts an armature of
soft iron fitted on a support u in such a manner that it carries with it in its
displacement a slide which is jointed and terminated by a bent rod a attachel
to the carbon y of the lighter. The carbon y in its displacement when the
armature is drawn by the magnets as is shown by the dotted lines in Fig. 1, is
inserted between the two points and the carbons of the lamp thereby producing
the arc.
A recall spring attached to the armature t effects the recoil of the lighting
carbon y. The course of the current in my lamp is as follows:
In repose, that is to say when the lamp is extinguished, if an electric current is
sent, into the lamp at the terminals 1, 2 the resistance from the electrodes being
greater than in the circuit in derivation, separates and goes into the electro
magnets, the current then becomes stronger, and then the carbon lighter y is
inserted between the two carbons of the lamp as stated, and the lighting takes
place. At this moment the action of the current, becoming in its turn stronger in
the carbons the result is that the current of derivation diminishes; because at
this moment, the action of the electro magnets having become weaker than the
energy of the return spring z this latter replaces the carbon y of the lighter in its
position of repose and the lamp works by creating a voltaic arc which brings and
maintains the refractory block t to incandescence.
If from any cause whatever the lamp becomes extinguished, the arrangement of
which I have just spoken relights the carbons automatically as often as they may
become extinguished. The number of carbons may vary; and those of the same
pole may be electrically united in any suitable manner.
It is well understood that certain parts of my lamp are insulated, to assure to
the electric current its disposition, and that it may assume for example the form of
a crown in this case I place a reflector 3 over the carbons as is shown more
particularly in Fig. 1, and place the electro magnets of the lighter y over the
- reflector.
Dated this 10th day of July 1895.
FREDERIC PRINCE,
Agent for Applicaut.
ERNEST ALBERt Pellet, of 34 Boulevard de Clichy, Paris, Electrician, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved arrangement of combined are and
incandescent lamp having the incandescent part as a fixed luminous point:

page_text: DIIaབ་va-་ -སས- བསས Tongསབ་ཁ
the lamp.
In this arrangement of lamp, the carbons, of which the number may vary, are
parallel near to each other, in such manner that the two points are parallel and in-
the same plane. The point of each carbon rests against a fixed block of infusible-
material, but capable of being brought to incan lescence. The poi its of the carbons.
may be arranged in quincunx and brought towards the blocks by means of spring-
boxes, counterweights, or in any suitable manner which enables an are light and
an incandescent light to be obtained in combination.
.
As are lamps according to this invention do not require any mechanism to feed:
the carbons, they may be placed in any position, best suitable to utilize the rays..
The lamp may be worked with all the known sources of electricity, and with
continuous or alternating currents and is not affected by joltings.
The essential feature of this invention may be carried out in different ways.
without departing from the spirit of the invention. I will proceed to describe the
same with aid of the accompanying drawings which illustrate an arrangement that
has been found to give good results.
Figure 1 illustrating in elevation an arc lamp and accessories according to this.
invention.
Figure 2 a plan of same.
Figure 3 under view of same.
Figure 4 a detached view illustrating an arrangement for using a number of
carbons in one lamp particularly applicable to marine purposes.
In these different figures the same letters of reference denote the same parts.
The complete apparatus is composed of two insulated horizontal slides a which
may have their relative positions regulated by means of the adjusting screw b:
these slides carry the supports c in which the carbon holders d may be moved by
means of the screw e fixed on the support.
At
The carbou holders d are tubular and carry the carbons guided in a ring g and
by two grooved pulleys h placed opposite each other, or one above the other.
the back the carbon is provided with a fixed sleeve i carrying a hook k which
passes in a slot forming a slide arranged in the upper part of the carbon holder d..
A cord is attached by one of its extremities to the hook k of the sleeve in such
a manner that this cord, passing over a pulley n fixed on to the carbon holder and
fastened by its other extremity to a spring drum or barrel o upon which it is.
wound, effects the movement of the carbon towards the centre of the lamp until its
point comes in contact with a block of insulating and refractory material p.
mounted in a holder 9 capable of being moved in a socket r forming a body with
the carbon holder opposite this arrangement forms a sort of automatic regulator,
as the carbons are led towards the refractory block as they burn away. This.
block p is made of any of the known refractory and insulating materials such for
example as marble.
v
The arrangement of lighter forming the are: consists of an electro magnet s
which attracts an armature of soft iron t fitted on a support u in such a manner
that it carries with it in its displacement a slide which is jointed and terminated
by a bent rod x attached to the carbon y of the lighter. The carbon y
when
moved by the armature as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 1, comes between and
makes contact with the two points of the carbons of the lamp thereby producing
the arc.
3
A spring attached to the armature t effects the recoil of the lighting carbon y..
The course of the current in my lamp is as follows:
If when the lamp is extinguished and an electric current is passed into the lamp
at the terminals 1, 2, the resistance from the electrodes being greater than in the
circuit in derivation, separates and passes into the electro magnets, the current
then becomes stronger, operating the carbon lighter y as stated, and the lighting
takes place. At this moment the current becomes in its turn stronger in the
carbons the result is that the current of derivation diminishes: because at this

page_text: moment, the action of the electro magnet s having become weaker than the
strength of the return spring this latter draws back the carbon y of the lighter to
its position of rest and the lamp works by creating a voltaic arc which brings and
maintains the refractory block t to incandescence.
If from any cause whatever the lamp becomes extinguished, the arrangement of
which I have just spoken relights the carbons automatically as often as they may
become extinguished. The number of carbous may vary the carbons of the same
pole may be arranged to be united electrically in any suitable manner.
It is well understood that certain parts of my lamp are insulated, to assure to
the electric current its disposition, and that it may assume for example the form f
a crown in this case I place a reflector 3 over the carbons as is shewn more
particularly in Fig. 1, and 1 place the electro magnets of the lighter y over the
reflector.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inveu-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The arrangement of a combined electro arc and incandescent lamp herein-
before described and illustrated by the said drawings.
2. In the combination of a combined electric arc and incandescent lamp, of
a lighter to form the are automatically operated by the electric current of the
lamp, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the said
drawings.
Dated this 10th day of April 1896.
FREDERIC PRINCE,
37 Cursitor Street, London, E.C., Agent for Applicant.