Improvements in and relating to Syringes or Pumps..
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 4th May, 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in and relating to Syringes or Pumps..
I, DAVID RAND SMITH, of 108 Argyle Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in syringes, more
especially intended to be applied to garden syringes, but which may be also
applicable to syringes used for other purposes.
The object of the invention is to enable the syringe to be worked without the
necessity of the user stooping after every discharge to suck or draw in the water
or liquid through the nozzle, in the usual manner, by the backward action of the
piston; said backward action of the piston causing the water to flow into the syringe
by a new and improved arrangement. By my improvements a syringe can also be
made double or continuous in action and so have its efficiency increased.
One method of carrying out the improvements of this invention consists in forming
the usual piston rod of a tubular form, one end of which is firmly secured to the
plunger or piston, which may be of any of the usual forms, but having a hole or
opening through it in front of the end of the tubular piston, and the other end of
this piston rod would be extended outside the syringe through the usual turned
wooden handle, if a garden syringe, but other forms of handles could be adapted,
and projecting a short distance beyond this wooden handle. In this way a clear
passage would be formed from the outside end of the tubular piston rod to the
interior of the syringe in front of the piston. A. length of india-rubber or other
tubing or hose would be attached securely to the end of the piston rod projecting
beyond the handle, and the other end of the hose would be fitted preferably with a
metal rose and ball valve fitted with a light spring, but other analogous contrivances
may be used.
The front of the syringe would be fitted with a valve opening outwards. This
valve would preferably be a butterfly or disc valve, and might be made to lie on
the front end of the syringe cylinder and be secured there by the screwing or
fixing on of the usual nozzles, so as to be capable of removal at will.
The action is as follows: the end of the hose being placed in the liquid to be
used, on drawing out the piston rod by the handle a vacuum would be formed in
front of the piston and the water would rise through the hose, and fill the syringe,
which would then be emptied in the usual way by the pressing in of the piston rod
and piston, and the operation repeated.
By another method instead of using a ball or other valve at the end of the hose
as described, the piston would be formed as a box, into the interior of which the
tubular piston rod would lead the water, and have a valve preferably a disc or
butterfly valve in its front face to allow the water to pass to the front of the piston.
The piston might also be formed simply as the valve, and the water instead of
entering by the tubular piston might be drawn in by a short tube projecting from
the back of the syringe to which the hose would be connected, and in this case the
back of the syringe would have a stuffing box for the piston-rod to work through.
The ball valve referred could also be placed in any part of the hose or tubular
piston rod instead of at the end. To produce double or continuous action the piston
would be formed as a box having disc or other valves in both back and front sides
or faces, so that when the piston moved forward the water would flow behind the
piston and vice-versa.
In this case the water at the back of the piston would be carried by a tube,
fitted with a valve to prevent the return of the water, along the outside of the
syringe from the back end of the syringe to a point in front of the disc valve but

page_text: inside of the nozzle. A double action may also be attained by a similar arrange-
ment to the last mentioned but having a solid piston, and drawing the water through
a tube, instead of the tubular piston rod, said tube being fitted with valves to give
delivery to the front and back of the piston alternately.
Dated this 2nd day of July 1891.
DAVID R. SMITH.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Syringes or Pumps.
I, DAVID RAND SMITH, of 108 Argyle Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing :-
My invention has reference to and comprises improvements in syringes more
especially intended to be applied to garden syringes, but which may be applied to
syringes used for other purposes.
!
The object of my invention is to enable the syringe to be worked without the
necessity of the user stooping after every discharge to suck or draw in the water
or other liquid through the nozzle in the usual manner by the backward action of
the piston said backward action of the piston being made to cause the water to
flow into the syringe by a new and improved arrangement, capable of being variously
modified.
;
By my improvements a syringe can also be made double or continuous in action,
that is to give a discharge by both the inward and outward stroke of the piston,
and so have its efficiency increased.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate the same or corresponding parts in all the figures where
shown.
'
Figure 1 is a view, partly in section, of a garden syringe illustrating one modifi-
cation of my invention in which the hollow piston rod C is shown as continued through
the handle D and projecting a short distance beyond as at c. To this projecting
portion is attached a length of flexible hose G, to be used with all the modifications
though not so shown in the drawings, and in this figure shown broken at G¹, and
fitted with a ball valve H which may be placed at any part of the flexible hose G,
also as shown with a rose I at the end. The ball valve H may be made in two
parts screwed or otherwise secured together, and have a wire ³ in the one
half to prevent the ball ² from rising too far. The piston rod C instead of pro-
jecting through the handle D may be fitted with a short branch as at 3 Figure 5
for the attachment of the hose G. The end of the piston rod C within the syringe
cylinder A would be soldered or otherwise secured to the hollow piston B preferably
formed with an annular oil chamber h, as shown in all the modifications but which
might be dispensed with, said piston having a hole for filling the oil chamber b
closed by a screw ', and packing material . This piston B having a free passage
through it for the water entering by the hollow piston rod C to flow through as
shown also in the front view of the piston Figure 4. The syringe, which, except
in the particulars herein mentioned, would be of a usual construction, would be
fitted with a valve F in front opening outwards, and shown to a larger scale in
Figures 2 and 3. This valve is formed with a circular plate with holes or
perforations, having a rim with flange for resting on the front of the syringe
cylinder A, and is fitted with an india rubber or other elastic disc, shield plate ƒ³,
and washer, all secured together by a small screw and nut for the various
parts might be rivetted together. This valve F instead of having a Hanged rim f
to be secured in place by the screwing on of the nozzle E might be formed without
the flanged rim and be secured by soldering or otherwise into its place within.

page_text: the mouth of the cylinder A. The action of this syringe would be as follows.
When the piston rod C and piston B were drawn backwards by the handle D
secured to the piston rod as usual by a ferrule d and pin c, a vacuum would be
formed in front of the piston B which would cause the water or liquid in which
the end of the flexible tube G was immersed to rise, and flow through this tube G
and the hollow piston rod C to fill the space in front of the piston B. This fluid
would be discharged through the front valve F and nozzle E when the piston was
driven inwards, the ball valve H preventing the backward flow of the fluid.
Figure 5 shows another modification in which the hollow piston rod C instead of
being continued through the handle D is fitted with a plug or cork as shown at c²
and a branch for the attachment of the hose G, which in this case or modification
would not be fitted with any valve H; the valve being placed at the end of the
piston rod C next to the piston B. The piston or the end of the piston rod would
be fitted with a feathered valve 3 or it might be a ball valve kept in position by a
spring within a perforated plate screwed into the front plate of the piston B.
Instead of this valve a valve such as is to be described and shown in Figure 7
might be used in front of the piston; or other varieties of valves might be used.
This modification is shown as fitted with a front valve F wholly of metal and
consisting of a perforated plate f, disc and spindle f, spring and bridge piece f8,
secured to the perforated plate by screws 10 or otherwise, and this valve F might
have a flanged rims or be soldered into its place without Hanges.
Figure 6 shows a modification in which the water is drawn first into the syringe
cylinder at the back of the piston B through the branch ea fitted at the cylinder
end, or it might be to the end cover a¹, during the forward motion of the piston B;
and by the backward motion of the piston and the consequent vacuum formed behind
the front valve F, not shown in this figure but which would be similar to either of
these described, the water will flow through the openings in the piston rod C
to the interior of the same and through the valve fitted with spring on the
front plate of the piston B; this form of valve might also be used instead of that
shown in Figure 5; the back end cover a of the cylinder A being fitted with gland
stuffing box a to prevent escape of water. This form of syringe might be made
without a valve on the piston if a ball valve similar to H in Figure I was used in
connection with the flexible tube G. The cork or plug might be placed in the
piston rod C to prevent the passage of any air from the handle end of the piston
rod spoiling the vacuum.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 illustrate one arrangement of a continuous or double action
syringe throwing liquid at each forward and backward stroke of the piston. In
this case the water enters from the flexible tube G through the branch and piston
rod C, or it might be through the piston rod continued through the handle as in
Figure 1, to the interior of the piston B from which it escapes on the backward
action of the piston through the valve in front of same to the space behind the front
valve F, and on the forward action through valve at the back of the piston to the
space behind. The piston B, shown in section in Figure 7 as also part of the
cylinder A, is fitted in front with a valve, of which Figure 9 is a front view,
consisting of a perforated plate 6, indiarubber disc hinged by being secured
at to two studs, or it might be by two screws, and having a metal plate
front and kept close by a spring the end of which is turned to the front and
passed through the rubber and plate to secure and act on them. Other forms
of valves however may be used. At the back the piston is fitted with a valve
consisting of an annular piece of sheet india-rubber 10 covering the openings 6ª with
a shield plate to keep the rubber from being forced so far back as to prevent its
return by its natural elasticity and between the shield plate and the back of the
piston a small washer would be placed.
in
Figure 11 shows a form of piston slightly modified from that described, the
rubber disc not being hinged, and
Figure 12 shows a different method of fitting the piston with valves and in this
case the water flows at back and front through the openings 63 and 6° which are

page_text: closed by india-rubber or other elastic rings 67 and biº. On the handle D and
piston rod C being drawn backwards the water fills the space in front of the piston B
and on the inward return stroke of the piston it is driven out through the front
valve F and nozzle E; while at the same time the water or liquid flows out through
the valve at back of the piston and fills the space behind it, and this water on the
next backward action of the piston B is driven out into the interior of the ball
valve J fitted with ball, spring enclosed by a screwed cover j, from whence it
flows along the tube K through the passage k past the front valve F and out through
the nozzle E. The front valve F is of a form similar to that shown in Figure 1
but slightly modified and soldered into its position so that the fluid from the back
of the piston can be forced through the nozzle E without interfering with the
valve rubber disc f. Figure 8 is a section of the front of the cylinder barrel on
the line 1-1 in Figure 7. Figure 10 shows a form of valve with flanged rim f
which might be used instead of that shown in Figure 7. An opening being
made in the rim to correspond with the passage to allow the water to forced
outwards. This valve might be fitted with a hollow ball or small globe to
partially fill up the space behind the nozzle so that too much fluid might not lodge
there, and if this ball had a small opening it would act as an air chamber to
help to keep the outward flow constant.
Figure 13 shows an arrangement of double action syringe in which a piston B
without valves is used which may or may not be formed with an oil chamber b
and in this case the fluid enters by a duplex or double branched valve J, instead of
through the hollow piston rod C, this valve J being fitted with balls J2 and
springs J, one branch leading to the back of the piston B, and the other leading to
the front of the syringe just behind the front valve F through the passage and
tube L. The water behind the piston B on the backward action of the piston
being driven through the valve J, tube K and passage k, and out through the
nozzle E, while the vacuum formed in front of the piston B draws the water through
the ball valve J and tube L and passage into the front part of the in front of the
piston Band behind the front valve F all as indicated by the arrows. The front
valve F in this figure is shown as set at an angle so as to receive the fluid entering
by the passage on the front of the india rubber disc f³ and so obviate any
tendency to raise it by the force of the current, but is otherwise the same
description of front valve as shown in Figure 1 but the form shown in Figure 10
could be used.
Figure 14 shows a modification of duplex ball valve which could be used instead
of that shown in Figure 13 and be connected to the syringe by brauches at J J
Figure 13 and short lengths of flexible tubing secured to these branches and to
the valve at e' c^.
Figure 15 shows an arrangement in which the methods described in connection
with Figures 7 and 13 are combined. The water being passed to the front of the
piston as in Figures l'and 5 through the hollow piston rod C and to the back part
behind the piston in a manner similar to that shown in Figure 13, sufficient length of
flexible tubing being used to allow of the full action of the piston. In this arrange-
ment a front valve such as described would be used, but no valve would be required
in the piston when the ball valves H H were used.
Figure 16 shows a cheap form of syringe fitted with a wooden plunger B, and is
in all respects equivalent in its construction to Figure 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven
tion and what manner the same is to be performed declare that, I am aware
of Patent No. 3313 of 1887 and do not claim anything therein illustrated and
described in a practical manner, and while I do not confine myself to the exact
forms of valves herein described, what I claim is :-
--
First. The use, construction, and arrangement of the parts, of syringes or hand
pumps substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
ני

page_text: Second. The use, construction, and arrangement of the parts, of syringes or hand
pumps drawing water or other liquid through the piston rod and fitted with front
valves F all substantially as described in reference to and shown more particularly
in Figures 1 to 5, and 16 of the accompanying drawings.
Third. The general construction, and arrangement of the parts, of syringes or
hand pumps drawing water into the cylinder behind the piston by the forward
action of the piston and fitted with valves all substantially as described in reference
to and shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. The use, construction, and arrangement of the parts, of double action
syringes or hand pumps substantially as described in reference to and shown in
Figures 7 to 15 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. The use, construction, and arrangement of the parts, of double action
syringes or hand pumps drawing water or other liquid through the piston rod and
fitted with front valves F and valves in the piston all substantially as described in
reference to and shown in Figures 7 to 12, and 15 of the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. The general construction, and arrangement of the parts, of double action
syringes or hand pumps having valveless pistons and fitted with valves and water
passages and front valves F all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown in Figures 13 and 14.
Dated the 2nd ML1000
DAVID R. SMITH.