CERTAIN IM- PRAKED PROCESS FOR SUDARATING THURRY FROM OTHER MARDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Crace Calvert, of the City of Man-
chester, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IM-
PRAKED PROCESS FOR SUDARATING THURRY FROM OTHER MARDS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Crace
Calvert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 22nd September 1858.
I, FREDERICK CRACE CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, Analytical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR SEPARATING EMERY FROM OTHER
MATTERS to be as follows:-
"
Emery, when once used in manufactures, is generally considered as a
refuse of no value; it is, however, sometimes revivified by calcining it
in furnaces, which destroys the oils, but leaves the other impurities, and
destroys the hardness of the emery. Now my improvements consist
in certain processes which remove the oils and other impurities from
spent emery without injuring its hardness.
First, I intend to remove the oils or fatty matters with which such
spent emery is combined by boiling it with caustic alkalies or other
metallic oxides, or their carbonates, and, after the fatty matters have been
saponified, washing the emery in such a manner as will not only re-
move the said soap, but also the greatest portion of the dirt which was
mixed with it, and, if not mixed with too much iron, drying it.

page_text: Secondly, I intend also to employ, to remove the oils or fatty matters
from spent or refuse emery, the carburetted hydrogen known in com-
merce under the name of coal naptha, also other volatile carburetted
hydrogens obtained from the distillation of coal schists, resins, or other
substances capable of dissolving oils or fatty matters. When once the
entery is deprived of the oils or fatty matters by having been treated
with any of the above fluids, and also of the greater part of the impuri-
ties, I intend simply to dry it, or, if deemed necessary, to treat it as
follows:
Thirdly, if the emery treated by the above processes is found to be
mixed with too much iron it is treated with hydrochloric or sulphuric
acid, or any other acid capable of dissolving the iron without injuring
the omor which is then well washed and dried.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Crace Calvert in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
FREDERICK CRACE CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, Analytical
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Crace Calvert,
Her special licence that I, the said Frederick Crace Calvert, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick Crace Calvert, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED PROCESSES FOR SEPARATING
EMERY FROM OTHER MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Frederick Case Calvert, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Crace Calvert, do
hereby declare the nature of said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
Emery, when once used in manufacture, is generally considered as
a refuse of no value; it is, however, sometimes revivified by caleining it
in furnaces, which destroys the oils, but leaves the other impurities, and
destroys the hardness of the emery. Now my improvements consist in
certain processes which remove the oils and other impurities from spent
emery without injuring its hardness.
First, I intend to remove the oils or fatty matters with which such
spent emery is mixed by boiling it with a solution of caustic alkalics,
or their carbonates, or other metallic oxides, such as those of lime,
baryta, strontia; but I prefer employing a solution of caustic soda of a
specific gravity of 0.015, the strength and quantity to be used varying,
however, of course with the quantity of oils or fatty matter which the im-
pure spent emery may contain. To facilitate the action of the alkali on
the fatty matters the whole is placed in a cast iron boiler, and whilst being
heated, either by steam or by the direct application of fire, the mass is
kept in constant motion by an apparatus consisting of a revolving per-
pendicular shaft, having an arm or arms projecting horizontally from it,
or some other agitator producing the same results. When the saponi-
fication is accomplished the soapy liquor is ran into a separate vessel,
where it is mixed with a sufficient amount of acid to separate the fatty
acids, which are then washed, and may be used for various purposes.
A stream of water is then introduced into the vessel containing the
emery, the agitator being all the time kept in motion, and owing to the
high specific gravity of the emery the greatest portion of the impurities
mixed with it are washed away. The emery, if not mixed with too
much iron, is dried, and again fit for use. If, however, the emery is
found to contain a large quantity of iron it is treated previously to

page_text: being dried either by electro-magnets fixed along an inclined plane
over which the emery has to pass, and which magnets retain the iron,
or it is treated by a certain quantity of mineral acids, such as hydro-
chloric, nitric, or sulphuric acids, or tartaric, lactic, or other organic acids,
which free the emery from the iron; the compounds of iron thus ob-
tained being applicable to various useful purposes. The emery now thus
deprived of iron is washed and dried, and if found to contain too much
sand or other impurities they are separated by the process of vanning.
Secondly, I intend also to employ, to remove the oils or fatty
matters from spent or refuse emery, the carburetted hydrogen known
in commerce under the name of coal naptha or impure benzine; also
other volatile carburetted hydrogens obtained from the distillation of
coal schists, resins, or other substances capable of dissolving oils or
fatty matters. For this purpose the emery is placed in a series of boxes
similar to those used in soda ash works for dissolving the carbonate of
soda from black ash. By this mechanical system I free with ease and
cheapness the emery of oil or fatty matters, and by distillation I
recover the coal naptha or other hydro-carbon, and the fatty matters
left in the still are employed for various useful purposes. To remove
the iron or other impurities which the emery still may be mixed with,
it is submitted to the above-described processes.
Thirdly, when emery is mixed with glue I first wash it with water,
and then treat it with acids, or by the method above described, for the
purpose of removing iron or other impurities.
What I claim as my Invention is, the processes above described of
separating emery from the various impurities with which it is mixed in
its spent or refuse state so as to render it fit for use.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Crace Calvert, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-four.
FREDERICK CRACE CALVERT. (L.S.)