Improvements in or relating to Gas Lighters or Lamps, and in the Wicks therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Lelt, 7th Nov., 1894-4ccepted, 5th Jan., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Gas Lighters or Lamps, and in the
Wicks therefor.
:
I, HOWARD JENNINGS, of 88, Colmore Row, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Insurance Broker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
.
The first part of my invention consists of improved means in connection with gas
lighters or lamps whereby the gas in factories, shops, and other places may be
lighted easily and with safety without danger of setting fire to the surroundings.
For my purpose I construct a reservoir or chamber of metal or other suitable
material, within which is contained a metallic contrivance (preferably,) for keeping
an absorbent of cotton wool, slag wool, or other substance in position, which is for
the purpose of restraining any flow of the oil or emission of spirit with which the
reservoir or chamber is charged, furthermore in case of possible overcharging of the.
reservoir or chamber, it may be provided with a piece of carbon at the upper part
thereof which will prevent any possibility of the spirit from escaping.
A
The reservoir or chamber has a socket or other means at its lower extremity for
attachment to a rod or handle for vertical lighting, also a second socket at the side
thereof for horizontal lighting, the side socket being placed at any required angle,
or it may be attached to the reservoir with an elbow joint in order to adjust the..
same to any given angle.
:
I may also connect the lighting arrangement with the rod by a suitable description
of safety joint and fork so that the apparatus may swing and adjust itself at what-
ever angle it may be held, being made rigid at will-or where desired I may adopt
an adjustable arm or support with special safety attachment and hanger..
The upper part of the reservoir or chamber is fitted with a burner and wick
having an oil and spirit tight connection and with or without a rack and winder, or
other contrivance for regulating the flame by either raising the wick and, or the
burner, or lowering the same.
2
The burner or upper part of reservoir may entirely or partially be constructed
with or composed of non-conducting substance thus rendering the reservoir for
chamber perfectly safe and cool, and entirely preventing the over-heating, and,
consequent unnecessary and undesirable increase of light. Or instead of a rack,
one or more pins or teeth may be used on the winder...
Or the reservoir may be connected directly to the burner if preferred...
The flame from the burner is protected and enclosed by a chimney, stamped, spun,
cast or raised out of any suitable metal, (or of asbestos) and is provided with air
holes to insure a proper degree of combustion and the ejection of the products of
combustion also perforations or piercings are in the chimney, at suitable intervals.
apart to facilitate lighting, or for air.
The chimney is attached to the reservoir, burner or chamber by a bayonet slot,
spring, screw, thread, or other means.
The top of the chimney is conveniently formed as a means for turning the gas, on
or off, whether this be done, as in the case of an ordinary tap, lever or loop, the.
himney having either a. slotted projection or hooks thereon for the purpose, or, a
portion of the contrivance may be affixed to or form part of the holder or fork.
T

page_text: Inside the chimney or outer case, is a second chimney or safety chamber composed
of fine metallic gauze or of perforated metal, which safety chamber is interchange-
able. In order to protect the said chimney from atmospheric influence, in special
cases, such as sudden gusts of wind, when carrying about, I may adopt a guard or
outer jacket of talc, or other material of a suitable shape.
The second part of my invention relates to the wick which may be made of
asbestos, or slag-wool either alone or combined with other material, though I wish,
particularly, to specify that a feature of my invention is the use of an asbestos
wick; 1 may however use any other suitable description of wick to facilitate the
action of any of the lighting agents I have named or may adopt. The said wick
may be protected by spiral or other wrapping with metallic wire or other material
to strengthen it, and may be of a cylindrical, semi-circular, elliptical, flat, or other
shape, as occasion may demand.
Dated this 6th day of Wahme AD
190
EDWD. J. PAYNE & SON,
104, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Gas Lighters or Lamps, and in the
Wicks therefor.
I, HOWARD JENNINGS of 88 Colmore Row Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Insurance Broker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the drawings
accompanying this Specification and to the figures and letters shewn thereon :—
The first part of my invention consists of improved means in connection with gas
lighters or lamps whereby the gas in factories, shops and other places may be
lighted easily and with safety without danger of setting fire to the surroundings,
the apparatus may also be used as a lamp when required.
.
In the drawings in which similar letters of reference indicate like parts,
Figure 1. is a view of a gas lighter or lamp complete."
Figure 2. is a view with the upper part or chimney removed.
Figure 3. is a view of the upper part or a chimney alone.
Figure 4. the inside wire gauze lining of same.
Figure 5. is a view of a lighter which may also be utilized as a lamp.
Figure 6. shews the same with the upper part or chimney removed.
Figure 7. a plan view of same.
Figure 8. the lighter or lamp with its stand or support reversed to enable the
same to be carried or suspended at will
Figure 9. the upper part or chimney disconnected.
Figure 10. shews the lighter or lamp with its stand in position acting as an
additional support for same.
Figure 11. shews a modification of my invention whereby the same may be
utilized as a lighter or lamp in Jacquard or needle boxes or looms and other
places.
+
Figure 12. is a plan view of same with its slide.
Figure 13. shews the lighter or lamp open.
Figure 14. a plan of the slide.
Referring to Figure 1. A. is the reservoir or chamber for containing the oil or
spirit having a socket at its lower extremity for attachment to a rod or handle B.
for use vertically. C. is a second socket at the side thereof for horizontal lighting,
said side socket being placed at any required angle, or it may be attached to the

page_text: reservoir with an elbow joint and set screw if required to adjust the same to any
given angle. The upper part of the reservoir or chamber is fitted with a burner D.
and wick and having an oil and spirit tight connection and with or without a rack,
and winder E. or other contrivance for regulating the flame by either raising the
wick, and, or the burner or for lowering the same.
Or instead of a rack, or ratchet, one or more pins or teeth may be used on the
winder.
Or the reservoir or chamber may be connected directly to the burner if
preferred.
The burner may be entirely or partially constructed of meta or composed of
non-conducting substance, thus rendering the reservoir or chamber perfectly safe,
and cool, and entirely preventing the overheating and consequent unnecessary and
undesirable increase of light.
The flame from the burner is protected and enclosed by an upper part or
chimney F. which is stamped spun cast or raised out of any suitable metal (or of
asbestos) and is provided with airholes G. to insure a proper degree of combustion,
together with the ejection of the products of combustion, also perforations or
piercings H are in the chimney at suitable intervals apart to facilitate lighting or
for air. The said chimney F is attached to the reservoir A in any convenient
manner, either by a bayonet slot I. or a spring screw thread lock or other means.
The extreme top of the chimney is conveniently formed as a means for turning
the gas on, or off, whether this be done as in the case of an ordinary tap, lever, or
loop, the chimney having either a projection slotted or cross cut J. or a hook or
other contrivance for the purpose.
Within the chimney or outer case F. is inserted a second chimney or lining K or
safety chamber composed of fine metallic wire gauze, or of perforated metal which
is interchangeable.
In this manner one form of the lighter or lamp is constructed.
As an alternative I may connect the lighting arrangement with the rod or handle.
by a suitable description of safety joint and fork so that the apparatus may swing
and adjust itself at whatever angle it may be held being made rigid at will by a
set screw or when desired I may adopt an adjustable arm or support with special
safety attachment and hanger or a portion of the contrivance may be affixed to or
form part of the holder or fork.
Reference to Figure 5. and the other figures relating to this design shews one
form of how this latter arrangement is carried into effect, whereby the apparatus
may be used as a lighter or as a lamp.
In this case the body of the lighter or lamp L. is suspended by flange pieces and
screws M within the forked connection N. which may either serve the purpose of a
stand, or for suspending the lighter or lamp by, (Figure 8) or for assisting in sup-
porting the same (Figure 10) or as a bracket, the weighted base O. may be
provided with a ring P. or hook to hang or carry same, which lies in a sunken
portion flush with the bottom when the forked connection is used as a stand or the.
weighted base O. may have a wormed hole O' for attachment to a rod Y. and screw
when used as a lighter, or as a bracket, obviously the lighter or lamp L. will always
find its own level in whatever position the apparatus be held in or placed. The
chimney or upper part is composed of metallic uprights and circular or, other
shaped rim Q. according to the shape of the chimney, a fine wire gauze lining R.
being within same as previously described in relation to the first named-method-and
with or without apertures R' therein, said chimney is attached to the body L. or
reservoir by clips S. and screw set pin T. which rigidly secures the same, or a lock
may be provided for this purpose when desired; a reflector U. may or may not be
used in connection with this arrangement a rack or ratchet; and winder V. or other
suitable means may be employed for regulating the wick or burner. Airholes W.
encircle the burner X. as seen in Figure 7. to assist the perfect combustion.
By this arrangement, a two-fold purpose is served, either the apparatus can be
used as a lighter or as a, safety lamp and will be found very effective for use in

page_text: hotels and large establishments where it is necessary to light the
frequently or for use as a lamp.
f
gas
in rooms very
Reference to Figure 11 and the remaining figures shews a further alternative
development of my invention.
This is especially designed as a means for producing a lighter or lamp for use in
the Jacquard box or needle box of looms (or other restricted places) and such like
purposes and where by reason of the inflammable nature of the surroundings it is
most essential that the naked flame be protected, in such cases where for instance
it is required to renew the needles after breakage in the manufacture of lace work
and such like. For this arrangement I use an oblong lighter or lamp, (a.) being
the reservoir or oil chamber to which is hinged (preferably) the upper part or
chimney (b.) provided with air holes (c.) (c) when closed, it may be securely
fastened by means of a suitable catch pin or lock, the wire gauze (d.) being
contained within and strengthened, by metallic supports and cross pieces (e.) (f.) is
the feed tap (f) burner (g.) the winder the base of the lighter or lamp has a fixed
screw (h.) therein which is passed into the slotted slide (i.) and kept firm and
stationary by the adjustable nut or thumb piece (j.) clip or other means, and as
will be readily seen by unloosening this nut, the lighter or lamp can be moved
along the slide to the position required or may be removed therefrom. In order
to minimise the possible heating of the apparatus, air chambers (k.) may be formed
front and back of same as seen in Figure 12.
,
By the above described arrangement all risk of fires which have hitherto been so
disastrous from the use of naked candles and gas jets connected as they must of
necessity be by rubber tubing to the main service are entirely avoided as whatever
accident may happen it is impossible for the flimsy and combustible materials used
to become ignited thereby.
A's an alternative method I sometimes deem it advisable to construct the afore-
said descriptions of the reservoirs or chambers with a metallic or other contrivance
for keeping an absorbent of cotton wool, slag wool, or other substance in position
which possibly may be required for the purpose of restraining any flow of the oil
or emission of spirit with which the reservoir is charged.
In either of the aforesaid methods I may when desired adopt a guard or outer
jacket of talc or other material in order to protect the flame from atmospheric
influences, in special cases such as sudden gusts of wind when carrying the
apparatus about.
In connection with the herein described arrangements and constituting a part of
my invention, is the wick, which may be composed of asbestos or slag wool, either
alone or combined with other suitable material though I wish particularly to
specify that a feature of this part of my invention is the employment of an asbestos
wick which is practically indestructable but if for some oils it should be found not
sufficiently absorbent, I may with advantage use a combination of asbestos, and
slag wool, or other material, or when preferred any usual wick substance may be
substituted that will facilitate the action of any of the lighting agents I may
adopt.
The said wick in any of the forms may be protected by spiral or other wrapping
with metallic wire or other material to strengthen same, and may be of a cylindrical
semi-circular, elliptical, flat or other shape in accordance with the shape of the
burner.
In carrying out my said invention and its attributes by any of the methods herein
set forth I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details
of the several features; as I may modify the same without any departure from the
main principle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
Firstly. In gas lighters or lamps, the special construction and general arrange-

page_text: ment of parts forming my invention and the method of carrying the same into effect
described and illustrated in the several Figures 1. 2. 3. and 4. of the drawings for
the purpose or purposes substantially as set forth.
Secondly. In gas lighters or lamps the special construction and general arrange-
ment of parts forming my invention and the method of applying the same either as
a lighter or a lamp as described and illustrated in the several Figures 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
and 10 of the drawings for the purpose or purposes substantially as set forth.
Thirdly. In gas lighters or lamps for use in Jacquard or needle boxes or looms or
such like restricted places, the special construction and general arrangement of parts
forming my invention and the method of applying the same, as a lighter or lamp,
as described and illustrated in the several Figures 11. 12. 13. and 14 of the drawings
all for the purpose substantially as set forth.
Fourthly. In the wicks for use in connection with the said lighters or lamps the
method of making the same either of asbestos alone or in combination with other
material, as described also in wrapping the said wicks spirally or otherwise with
metallic wire or other material as set forth.
Fifthly. The general construction and arrangements herein more particularly
described by which the lighters or lamps are or may be produced by the means and
any of the forms (or similar) as set forth.
in
Dated this 6th day of November A.D. 1894.
EDWD. J. PAYNE & SON,
104, Colmore Row, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.