Improvements in or relating to Type-printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov., 1899-Accepted, 10th Feb., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Type-printing Telegraphs.
I, JOSEPH STOCKERT, of Mittelstrasse 31, Schwelin, in the Empire of Germany,
Technical Student, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The present invention relates to a device for the electro magnetical actuation of
the keys of a type-machine arranged at a certain distance from the operator (a type
printing telegraph switch.)
With this invention a high rate of telegraphic speed can be attained as against
former devices of a similar kind in dispensing with all the heavy movable parts in the
receiver, and it differs moreover from the said former devices as instead of the repeated
electrical actions or alterations of current necessitated by the former for each actuation
of a key a single action is only required which considerably simplifies the construction
and working.
This is obtained by the arrangement of corresponding electro-magnets (self
interrupters) for each character in the transmitter and receiver, and the automatic
switching of the current by means of relays or interrupters respectively, which, when
a key in the transmitter is depressed, close the circuit of a local battery through the
corresponding and all the preceding automatic self-interrupters and then puts the
line current into circuit which effects the same proceeding in the receiver until it
becomes sufficiently strong to overcome a resistance before the second receiver-relay,
whereupon the depression of the respective type-key takes place.
This process is however only possible by the circumstances that notwithstanding
the duration of depression of the transmitter key the circuit closure is such, and
the arrangement of the armature of the interrupter which has the same duration of
swing as the similarly swinging armature of the self interrupters, is also such, that
the latter always execute only one swing and then are kept stationary.
The weight of the armatures of the self interrupters is thus preferably kept as
small as possible so that the speed of telegraphing is augmented.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagram of the transmitter, and Fig. 2
a diagram of the receiver each showing keys for 6 characters only.
In the transmitter,
T¹, T² T³ T¹ T T are the keys, E¹ E2 E3 E E E the corresponding self interrupters
with armatures F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 Fo The relay R¹ has the armnature 7, the
interrupter U has the armature A¹. B1 and B2 are local batteries, B³ the line
battery, and B its reinforcing battery. Of the contacts a¹ a² a³ at as a, a and also the
contact are elastic contacts.
In the receiver, S10, $20, $30, S40 S60, S60 are the electro magnets of the typewriter,
E20, E30, E40 E50, E are the corresponding self interrupters with arinatures F20, 130,
F40 F50, 160 The relays R1 and R20 have armatures 70 and Z and the
interrupter U10 has the armature A10. Before the second relay the resistance W is
put in circuit. B and B are local batteries. The contacts a20 to aco, 620 to 460,
20 to 60 and 20 to 60 are elastic contacts. A special self interrupter for electro
magnet S10 is not required as can be seen in the hereinafter described arrangement
(direct putting in circuit of electro magnet S⁰ at the contact a20 of the
orinature F20)
1.

page_text: The transmitting of a character (for instance the fifth by key T5 and electro
magnet S takes place in the following manner. By pushing down the key T5 the
current circuit of the local battery 13 is closed.
The current goes through c5, T5, E, through relay R¹, contact u¹, armature A¹, and
electro magnet of the interrupter U¹ back to B¹. The electro magnets E5 R¹ and U¹
energize and attract their armatures F5 Z and A¹. The latter closes the contact u²
so that the current of the battery B¹ flows only through c³, du2 A¹ and U¹.
As long
as the key T5 is pushed down, the interrupter U¹ holds its armature A¹ and limits
the swing of the armature F5 to one oscillation only. The armature of the
relay R¹ closes the circuit of the line battery B³. The armature F5 put at the same
time in motion, has opened the contact 5 and closed the contact whereby the
circuit of the local battery B2 is closed and puts the following self-interrupters into
action. The current of battery B2 goes through a 6 E and relay R¹ back to B2.
Through E the armature F is attracted, the contact 6 opened, a closed and so on;
the same proceedings as at E are repeated at E3 E2 E, the armatures F3, F2, F1, of
which are attracted one after another but each without executing more than one
swing. The thus caused short actuations of current go all through the coils of the
relay R, the armature Z¹, of which makes one oscillation and remains therein during
the duration of the aforesaid current actuations as the latter armature in consequence
of its greater swinging period, cannot follow the quicker oscillating periods or
armatures F1 F2 etc.
Thus the current in the transmitting system, as soon as the armature F¹ is attracted
to E¹ is reinforced by the putting into circuit of the line battery B in consequence
of the closing of the contact K¹.
The process which has taken place in the meantime in the receiver is as follows:-
The oscillation of the armature Z, of relay R¹ caused by the pushing down of the
key T of the transmitter which has directed the current of the battery B¹ of
the receiver into its first relay R10, occurs at the same time with that of the
armature F of the transmitter whilst the current cannot yet overcome the resistance W.
before the second relay. By closing of the contact K₁ the current circuit of the
local battery B10 is closed and its current goes through K10, Z10 through the
armature A10 of the interrupter U10, the contacts 10 and u20, and the coil of the self
interrupter E back through U10 to B10. In consequence thereof armatures F20 and
A10 are attracted. 20 closes the contact 20 so that the current of the battery B¹º
now passes through K10, 20, 30, E30 U10 to B10. At the same time the current also
passes through K10, Z10, armature A10 of the interrupter U, contact 420 and coil of
the interrupter U10 back to B10, holding the armature A10 so long as the armature Z10
of the relay R10 is moved, this being so for the same reason as in the same process at
the interrupter U¹ of the transmitter (see above). In the same manner
as at the transmitter the current then passes through self interrupter coils E30 E40
and puts their armatures F30 F40 into motion. As soon as the current
from the transmitter arrives at the first self-interrupter and the line battery B*
is put into circuit the thereby reinforced current of the line overcomes
also the resistances W of the second relay R20, the armature Z20 of which
oscillates (10 remaining also magnetically held) which at the same time directs the
current through the coil E and oscillates F50 putting the local battery B20 into
circuit, the current of which then passes back to B20 through contact K20,
armature Z of the second relay, contact a0, the just closed contact 600 and through
the electro magnet So which then attracts the fifth type key.
The process in telegraphing a character shows itself thus as a putting into circuit
of the self interrupters of the corresponding and of all the preceding keys one
after the other as well as of the self interrupters of the receiver belonging to the
preceding type levers; the current then reinforced, comprises in its circuit the self
interrupter and the electro magnet of the type lever corresponding to the type key
depressed whereby the armatures of the self interrupters in the transmitter and
receiver are held fast in their first oscillations by the interrupters put into the circuit
as long as the respective key remains pushed down.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Device for electro magnetic movement of the keys of a typewriter at a distance,
having n self interrupters in the transmitter and n-I self interupters in the receiver,
the armatures, all of which are of low weight, these devices being so combined that
the corresponding and all self-interrupters belonging to the preceding keys in the
transmitter as well as the self-interrupters belonging to the preceding type levers in
the receiver, are put into the current circuit in telegraphing a character and are then,
by the re-inforcement of the current, joined by the self-interrupter and the electro.
magnet of the type lever corresponding to the character telegraphed, and wherein
the armatures of the self interrupters in the transmitter and receiver are retained in
their deflected position by use of interrupters with arinatures adapted to have a
slower period of swing, which interrupters are put in circuit as long as the respective
key remains pushed down.
Dated this 30th day of November 1899
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents Applicant, 18, Buckingham St., Strand, W.C.