A NON-METALLIC COMPO- SITION TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER, GAS, AND OTHER PIPES OR CONDUITS, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANU. FACTURE
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Felix Sebille, of Nantes, in the Empire of
France, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A NON-METALLIC COMPO-
SITION TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER, GAS, AND OTHER PIPES
OR CONDUITS, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANU.
FACTURE"
Sealed the 17th October 1860), and dated the 20th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Felix Sebille
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou
the 20th April 1860.
I, CHARLES FELIX SEBILLE, of Nantes, in the Empire of France, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NON.
METALLIC COMPOSITION TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER, GAS, AND OTHER
PIPES, AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be
as follows:-
The basis of my composition is formed of pulverized waste slate, which at
the quarries will cost nothing, but in countries where slate is dear or not
really obtainable I substitute pulverized sandstone, ground scoria, powdered
sand, or coal cinders. The composition is formed of the matters and in the
proportions following, namely, pulverised slate, 70 to 80 parts, resin or
vegetable pitch or tar rectified, that is to say, freed from essential oil, 20 to 30
parts, and one part of dissolved india-rubber, but the introduction of this latter
LP 1

page_text: is optional; or 25 parts of resin, 74 of pulverized slate, and one of pigs' bristles;
cr, again, 24 parts of pitch, tar, or resin, 37 of pulverized sand, 32 of pul-
verized slate, 5 of sulphur, and two of animal or vegetable hair or fibre. When
the composition has been perfectly triturated by hand or otherwise in a potor
crucible, and ata gentle heat, I run it into a metallic mould,also slightly heated,
and eithervertical or horizontal. It is stronglypressed in this mould by a piston
moved by an hydraulic press or by screws, so as to exert the maximum
pressure upon the matter. The annular space between the mould and the
mandrel forming the interior diameter determines the thickness of the pipe or
tube. The final operation consists in coating them with a composition of linie
Various modifications may be made in the arrangement of the moulds and
presses when lipped tubes or other articles are intended to be manufactured
and a little wax may sometimes be added to the composition to make it melt
inore readily beneath the soldering iron,and special toolsareused for bringing
the tubes together.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Felix Sebille in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th October 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
FELIX SEBILLE, of Nantes, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer, seud
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself; Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Felix Sebille, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Felix
Sebille, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Felix Sebille, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
NON-METALLIC COMPOSITION TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATER. GAS. AND
OTHER PIPES OR CONDUITS. AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Charles
Felix Sebille, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inventio, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Felix Sebille, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertaine in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the figures and letters of reference placed thereon:-
My Invention consists in the combination of several cheap materials for
the purpose of obtaining a composition to be employed in the manufacture
of gas and water pipes also pipes for acids and acidulated liquids, and in
the production of other articles of industry and objects of art, and in certain
moulds aud machinery to be used in such manufacture.
The basis of any composition is waste slate, which I pulverize. (This
slate at the quarries will cost little or nothing, but where slate is not
procurable, I use in lieu of it pulverized sandstone, ground scoria, powdered
sand, or coal cinders,) and mix with one or more of the matters mentioned
in the three compositions which I will now describe.
First composition.-Pulverized slate, 70 to 80 per cent., resin or vegetable
pitch (rectified), 20 to 30 per cent., dissolved caoutchouc, 1 per cent. By
rectified resin or pitch I mean that from which the essential oil has been
discharged, and I would also observe that the dissolved caoutchouc is
optional, and may be dispensed with.
Second composition.-Resin, 25 lbs., pulverized slate, 74 lbs., pigs'
bristles, 1 lb.; total 100 lbs.
Third composition.-24 lbs. of pitch, or resin, 37 lbs. of sea sand, 32 lbs. of
pulverized slate, 5 lbs. of sulphur, and 2 lbs. of vegetable fibre or animal hair
or bristle; total 100 lbs. Pigs' bristles of little value should be used to bind
the paste, and if animal hair or bristle or hemp be not obtainable. vegetable
fibre or even seaweed or other matter, so that it be fibrous and tenacious.
I will now proceed to describe the manufacture of pipes or tubes from one or
other of these compositions. When the matter so composed has been thoroughly
triturated and mixed (either by hand or mechanically) in a crucible, gently
heated, it is placed in a metallic mould, also slightly heated, and placed in
a vertical or horizontal position. It is strongly pressed into this mould by
piston set in motion by hydraulic pressure or by screws, so as to exert a
maximum pressure upon the matter. An annular space reserved between
L

page_text: the mould and the mandrel, which forms the interior diameter, determines
the thickness of the pipe, and the final operation consists in coating the
pipes with a composition composed principally of lime. When the pipe is
to have a socket at one end for the insertion of the next pipe, it is obtained
by moulding the same piece, and a screw thread may also be moulded if
desired. The pipe may also be manufactured without a socket, that is to
say, similar at both ends, and the pipes may be soldered together with some
of the same composition; one of the wrought-iron rings at the extremity
of the pipe will enter the other an inch or two.
Tu Sheet 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed, Figure No. 1 shews in section
a pipe of my composition (the section being taken through the line A, B,Figure
No. 2), having a socket C, C. The diameter of the pipe is indicated by A, A,
and the thickness by B, which thickness varies according to the interior
diameter of the pipe; and it is evident that the greater the diameter the thicker
should be the tube. Figure No. 2 shews the end opposite to that with the
socket No. 2, having at F a groove or indentation, into which I introduce liemp
mixed with grease and plumbago, which enters the socket with some pressure
in forming joint, or the joint may be made by a worm or screw thread formed
in the pipe itself. Figure No. 2*, shews the plan of a pipe in horizontal
section; Figure No. 3 shews a method of joining two pipes when no worm
and screw or socket is used; Figure No. 4 shews a pipe of small diameter,
but arched, and such curving or arching I effect in the most perfect manner
by slightly heating the part where the bend is to be formed; Figure No. 5
shews a pipe or shoulder at right angles as an example of what may be
done with my composition; Figure No. 6 shews a washer for the joints of
cold water or air pipes; and Figure No. 7, a pipe having a worm at one
extremity and a screw thread at the other.
In Sheet 2 are shewn the moulds and machinery which I use in manu-
facturing tubes from my composition. First machine: Figure No. 1 is a
section following A, B, of the plan, Figure No. 2, A representing the mould
into which I introduce the matter which is to be compressed and take the
form B; C, the forcer moved by the screw E for pressing the matter until it
becomes compact (a forcer may be introduced at each end if no shoulder or
socket is to be formed on the pipe); D, rack serving to push and draw the
mandrel M, which serves to close the interior of the pipe; N, framing on
rollers on which moves the mandrel when withdrawn from the mould; Figure
No. 2, plan of the mould closed by the press, screws O¹. Second machine:
Figure No. 3, mould press, the upper part of which is pressed upon the lower
part by the screws R, moved by the wheels S, and pinion and crank U;

page_text: Figure No. 4, a section of the same through C, D; I, mould into which the
matter is introduced; J, upper part of the mould moveable by the screws R;
and Figure No. 5 represents a hydraulic press for pressing the matter in the
monld X, by means of the piston K, which is set in motion by a pump, the
force pipe of which is shewn at L.
In Sheet 3, Figure No. 1 shews section of a pipe perpendicularly to its axis
A, the hollow space; B, socket into which enters the part C; to join the pipes
end to end; 1), leaden pipe soldered to the pipe at E, with the same composition
as that of the pipes, and into which a certain quantity of wax has been
introduced to render it more meltable under the soldering iron. Figure
No. 2, exterior of pipe with band K, to avoid length and facilitate carriage;
G indicates two pipes jointed and brought together by the tool shewn at
Figures No. 7, 8, and 9, front and side views. (This tool is of my Invention.)
The pincer S, Figure 7, must necessarily vary according to the diameter of
the pipe, and it will therefore be necessary to have a series of these tools
similar in form, but constructed so as to sit astride the tubes to be jointed;
Figure No. 3, mould for forming and compressing the junction of pipes at
right angles. The part colored red indicates the mould which is open in two
parts, that colored blue the trunk of the pipe, which has a shoulder or socket
at each extremity; in the interior of this shoulder or socket is a ring or ferule
of wrought iron V, with a flange at each extremity, so that the part C, Figure
No. 1, may be pushed forcibly into this socket without fear of bursting it.
This part C also carries a wrought-iron ferule X to prevent any crushing. The
rings or ferules are soldered to the pipes by pressure in the moulding as the
matter is run thereupon. N, Figure No. 3, represents one of the four presses
which are at each of the extremities to push the mandrel L by means of the
screw M, and make it leave by the joint Y. One press only is shewn in the
Drawing, but it will be understood that the others are placed at Z, so that the
four mandrels may take the position shewn at Figure No. 4. Figure No. 5
shews a branch at right angles, P, Q, indicating the space within ; to obtain
this form it is necessary to have a three-sided mould of the shape shewn at
Figure No. 3. Figure No. 6, plan of a pipe, and Figures Nos. 7, S, and 9,
tools to tighten the joints at the moment the junction is effected. As soon as
the two parts are brought together, as indicated at Figure No. 9, this tool is
withdrawn to be used for another joint. This same tool slightly modified will
also serve to bring two pipes together to be jointed, even if they have no band
or shoulder, as shewn in Figure No. 10.
In the above description and accompanying Drawings I have confined
myself to describing and illustrating the manufacture of pipes or tubes made

page_text: of my composition, which it will be readily understood is equally applicable to
the manufacture of many other objects, such as coffins, urinals,mangers, forms
for sugar loaves and other,and for paving streets, for basins of fountains and
watercourses,and, as being unaffected by acid, for the manufacture of vases or
bottles to contain it, for coating ships to prevent the attack of worms, and for
a variety of purposes to numerous to mention.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the means by
which I carry it into effect, I would here observe that I do not confine myself
to the precise proportions herein given of the several matters forming my
composition, for example, the proportion of hair or bristle may be increased to
give additional elasticity, or of pitch to give more adhesion; but I claim as
of my Invention, the combination of waste slate, sandstone, scoria, sand, or
cinders with one or other or all of the several matters herein mentioned, by
which I form a composition applicable to many purposes; and I also claim the
machinery or apparatus and the tools herein described and shewn in
the accompanying Drawings, by which I manufacture pipes or tubes from my
composition.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Felix Sebille, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
CH. SEBILLE. (L.S.)