IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Samuelson, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of
London, Engineer and Steam Ship Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 10th November 1863, and dated the 17th June 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Samuelson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1863.
I, ALEXANDER SAMUELSON, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of London, Engineer
and Steam Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists partly of the application of a combination of
revolving apparatus, with tanks or cisterns containing the liquid to be operated
upon, so that the relative position of the revolving apparatus to the cisterns or
tanks may be varied in the vertical or horizontal directions, or both, as may
be required, and it consists partly of working rotatory evaporating apparatus
in vacuo.
One mode of carrying out this Invention in practice consists in carrying the
revolving cylinder on vibrating levers, actuated by cams or otherwise. The
trough containing the liquid to be evaporated is also caused to vibrate or
partially rotate, being hung upon centres or otherwise mounted in such a
manner that a reciprocating motion may be imparted to it, either by cams,
cranks, or other mechanical contrivances. By this means the revolving
cylinder is made to act upon every part of the liquid in place of as heretofore
upon a limited portion only. It is further proposed, in order to facilitate
evaporation, to enclose the ordinary or my improved rotatory evaporating.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Samuelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th December 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
SAMUELSON, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of London, Engineer and Steam Ship
Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the year. of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alexander Samuelson, Her special license that I, the said Alexander
Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Alexander Samuelson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING LIQUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Samuelson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, or under
the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Samuelson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what mauner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists partly of the application of a combination of
revolving apparatus, with tanks or cisterns containing the liquid to be operated
upon, so that the relative position of the revolving apparatus to the cisterns or
tanks may be varied in the vertical or horizontal directions, or both, as may be

page_text: required, and it consists partly of working rotatory evaporating apparatus in
vacuo.
One mode of carrying out my said Invention in practice consists in carrying
the revolving cylinder on vibrating levers, actuated by cams or otherwise.
The trough containing the liquid to be evaporated is also caused to vibrate or
partially rotate, being hung upon centres or otherwise mounted in such a
manner that a reciprocating motion may be imparted to it, either by cams,
cranks, or other mechanical contrivance. By this means the revolving cylinder
is made to act upon every part of the liquid in place of as heretofore upon a
limited portion only. I further propose, in order to facilitate evaporation, to.
enclose my improved rotatory evaporating apparatus in an air-tight casing,
and to connect such casing with a vacuum pump, so that the process of
evaporation may be effected in vacuo.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed,.
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all.
the corresponding Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a transverse vertical section of one
arrangement of my improved evaporating apparatus; Figure 2 is an end
elevation of the same, and Figure 3 is a general plan of the apparatus.
A, A, are fixed standards, supporting the trunnions B, B, of the trough or
cistern C, which contains the syrup or other liquid to be evaporated. This
trough is inclosed by a hot water jacket D, which is provided with an overflow
pipe E. To the bottom of the jacket or outer vessel D there is fixed a ball.
connection F, which is coupled to one end of an eccentric rod G, worked by a
horizontal cam or eccentric H fast on the lower end of the vertical shaft I.
This shaft is supported in a footstep and collar bearing K and L, and has a
worm wheel M keyed on to its upper end, which gears into a worm N on the
horizontal shaft O. The shaft O is supported in bearings P, P, and has a
pair of driving pullies Q, Q', keyed on to one end thereof. One of these
pullies Q is the main driving pully for working the entire apparatus, and the
other Q serves to transmit a rotatory motion to the evaporating drum R..
through the strap S and pully T, fast on the axis of the drum, such axis being
carried in bearings on the free end of a rocking frame U, which rocks freely
upon the horizontal shaft O as a fixed centre. V, V, are two antifriction
rollers, carried on the arms of the rocking frame, these rollers resting upon
and travelling along the edge of the oscillating trough or cistern. The
evaporating drum is made hollow, and is supplied with steam by the jointed

page_text: On
steam pipe W, which allows of the rising and falling of the drum.
imparting a rotatory motion to the driving shaft O, the eccentric H will
transmit a slow rocking motion to the trough and jacket upon the trunnions
B, B, and as the position changes, as shewn by the red lines in Figure 1, the
rocking frame U rises and falls, causing the drum to be constantly changing.
its position in the trough, whilst the liquid in such trough is being constantly
agitated or stirred by the rocking motion thereof. When it is desired to
remove the drum from the trough or cistern for the purpose of cleaning the
same, it is simply requisite to turn up the frame U upon its fixed centre or
shaft O.
Figure 4 of my Drawings represents a side elevation, partially in section, of
a modified arrangement of my evaporating apparatus constructed so as to be
worked in a vacuum. Figure 5 is an end elevation of the same, with the
gearing and standard A removed, and Figure 6 is a transverse vertical section
on a larger scale of the water jacket, evaporating trough and drum, with the
air-tight covering or casing. In this arrangement the evaporating drum R is
carried by a hollow perforated shaft B, supplied with steam from the pipe W,
which shaft works in fixed bearings in the standards A, A, a rotatory motion
being imparted to the drum by the driving strap S, and pulley Q keyed on to
the shaft B. The surface of the drum R is of an undulated form, as shewn
atv, whereby a greater evaporating surface is obtained, combined with a more
effective agitation of the liquid to be evaporated. The hot water jacket D,
and syrup trough or cistern C, are covered by the casing a, from which a
pipe 6 leads to an air pump or other vacuum producing apparatus, to be used if
desired. The ends c of the trough and water jacket are slotted vertically at d
and a brass e fitted on to the shaft B works freely along the slot; an outer
plate or shield f is screwed to the outer face of the brass, and is of sufficient
length to cover the whole of the slot whatever may be the position of the
trough or vessel C. In the end c of this vessel are bolted the frames G, each
provided with a slot g at their lower extremities, the length of such slots being
adjustable by means of the sliding blocks and set screws h, h. In each of
these slots works a crank pin H, carried by the crank shaft O, which works in
the bearings P, P. This shaft is driven by the worm N on the shaft B
gearing into the worm wheel M on the inclined shaft I, working in the
bearings K, L. A bevel pinion K is keyed on to the lower end of the shaft I
and gears with a bevel wheel 1 fast on the crank shaft O, to which a slow
rotatory motion is imparted. As the crank pins H, H, revolve, they impart a
lateral oscillating or rocking motion, combined with a vertical reciprocatory
motion to the trough C, and parts connected therewith, thereby not only

page_text: producing a variation in the relative positions of the trough C and drum R,
but at the same time agitating and stirring the syrup or liquid under the
process of evaporation. The water of condensation collecting inside the
drum R is removed by means of scoops or curved pipes m, fixed into the
shaft B, and communicating with a passage n, made longitudinally therein,
such passage communicating through the pipe o with any ordinary steam
trap. As the curved pipes or scoops m revolve, they take up with them any
water collecting in the bottom of the cylinder or drum R, and discharge it
along the passage n and pipe o into the steam trap. In order to counter-
balance the weight of the casing a, trough C, and water jacket D, I connect
them by means of rods or links p, with overhead levers q, to the opposite ends
of which are suspended the counterweights s. E is the overflow pipe of the
water jacket, and t is a discharging pipe and cock for emptying the trough C;
u is a small steam pipe, opening into the bottom of the trough C, thereby
affording facility for heating the contents by injecting steam therein. Although
I have only shewn a single drum to each trough, it is obvious that two or
more drums may be made to act in conjunction with one trough or evaporating
vessel if desired.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general constructions, arrangements, and combinations of appa-
ratus for evaporating liquids, substantially as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use of apparatus for evaporating liquids, wherein
provision is made for varying the relative positions of the drum or evaporating
surface, and the trough or cistern containing the liquid to be evaporated,
substantially as herein-before described.
Third, the working of my improved evaporating apparatus in combination
with a vacuum.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Samuelson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
ALEXANDER SAMUELSON. (L.S.).