Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bread, specially relating to Bakers' Ovens and Sponge Blenders.
Year: 1889

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 19th day of May 1891, Amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Bread, specially
relating to Bakers' Ovens and Sponge Blenders.
I, JOHN ADAIR of the City of Waterford in the County of Waterford Ireland,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:
My invention for Improvements in apparatus for the manufacture of bread specially
relating to Bakers ovens and sponge blenders, will be best understood by describing same
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1, 3, 4 5 show an oven with my improvements applied, in horizontal section,
in sectional front view, in vertical transverse section and in horizontal section; Figures 2
represent my improved sponge blender all as hereafter described.
In the Specification of my Patent No. 12,231 1888, I describe a baker's outside
heating oven-in which I show the heating flues and the furnace.
Now this Invention is to shew heat collecting chambers // underneath such flues-
these chambers are in communication with the upper flues by dampers ZZZ
Figs. 4 & 5, which can be opened or shut at pleasure also they have a communication
with the flue, which communicates with pipes P which pass thro' oven, under the
sole or over the sole-in fact these heat collecting chambers by means of dampers
can give off their heat to any particular floor of flues, all being a matter of choice
in the construction of oven, as I lay particular claim to the manner in which these
heat collecting chambers may be used-but what I do claim specially & distinctly
are heat collecting chambers, as hereafter described and claimed.
I permit the furnace C to have a direct communication with these chambers II,
as shewn in drawings.
I construct these chambers in what I term nostril fashion, that is in long narrow
flues see Figure 1-this gives me a greater surface, on which to draw off & modify
the rash heat of furnace before it, ascends into the ordinary heating flues & when
it is considered that the heat from a coke furnace, such as we use in an ordinary
outside. heating oven, sometimes passes 1500 degrees, it must be self evident, that to
permit such heat to flow for any length of time thro' the ordinary heating flues, wd.
be to bring oven beyond the heat required for baking, which is 200 degrees, unless
there is some special thickness in sole of oven or deep air space to cause an obstruction
in the ascension of heat & if there is it surely must be injurious.
In cases where the heat passing thro' the flue, is not more than sufficient to bake
with; or to put it in other words--if we make the space between the crown of our
heating flue & the sole of ur oven, a slow or imperfect conductor we so far diminish
the heating power of our oven-of course making all due allowance for a certain
thickness which is necessary to make oven a solid structure.
Now these beat collecting chambers are not only nostril in their construction &
built of fire-brick, but I use metals in them which I lay in loose into whatever parts
of the chambers I may wish to draw a particularly strong heat say where indicated
by letter M Fig. 1; these will be of course the parts more distant from the fire-

page_text: but I do not confine myself to the mere putting in these loose metals. I also put
metal covers between what I term the ordinary heating flue, which is the top flue &
the heat collecting chambers.
Of course such metal covers must only be in that part of oven which is distant
from the great furnace heat. Now as the dust which always forms in oven flues will
cover these it will not give the heat that it otherwise would & this will be an
advantage, as of course it will therefore throw down more heat into the heat-collecting
chambers II.
Now to be brief, plain & clear I claim heat collecting chambers I underneath the
ordinary flues of an outside heating oven, which chambers may be in connection with
the ordinary flues by means of dampers, or may have free access into them & the
construction of these chambers may be of any form or shape, all as hereafter described.
Shd. the heat collecting chamber H have a free access into the ordinary flue, it wd.
still be a heat collecting chamber & wd. perform the advantage of modifying the rash
heat passing into the ordinary flue- & of continuing to feed it with a wilder heat,
more adapted to its requirements.
Also I claim My intention further consists in the using of metals in a heat collecting
chamber as before stated as a means of drawing the heat more effectually to the parts
required, than by the use of fire-brick, and it will give to the oven, when there is
little or no fire on it, a solid continuous flow of good strong sound heat & free the
baker from a large amount of trouble & anxiety in trying to keep his oven at an
even temperature.
Now, in order to make a provision for the building of cheap ovens, which may in
some degree have the advantage of the heat collecting chambers I construct a double
range of flues that is I place one floor of flues above another as shown in the right
hand side at Figure 3-thus the bottom floor / will modify the top F.
I therefore elaim-here employ a double range of flues D F, as a means of modifying
furnace heat & giving a greater continuance of heat to oven. And be it particularly
understood that this top flue, is not an air space, nor can it be used as such as the
heat enters it directly from the flue underneath-& passing thro' it, enters the chimney
shaft or other place desired. It is a mere continuation of the flue underneath.
And further, as a means of blending sponges, I use what I term a movable sponge
blender thus Figs. 2.
I take the sponge & threw it unblended into the dough machine.
I then threw in the water to blend sponge with-I fasten on the sponge-blender-
as shewn in drawing to an arm or rod in dough machine; as the motion of machine
will of course work sponge blender, the thin wires in sponge-blender will cut thro'
the sponge far more effectually than the arms of any dough machine could do. Also
the blending of the sponge can be easily tested as the fine wires will fish thro' the
dough for any lumps which may be unblended & act like a sieve.
In some cases it may be more desirable on account of more durability to use wires
strong enough to allow a nut to be on end after the manner & strength of a
tricycle wire or if the weakness of such wire shd. be objectionable on acct. of want
of durability 1 use thin steel hoop set on edge & shaping at one end round, so that
a nut could be used to tighten each hoop.
The novelty which I claim in this Invention is the using of strained wires, rods
or hoop as a means of blending sponge, as hereafter claimed.
Also the novelty of a movable sponge-blender, which can be put into a dough
machine, or taken out at pleasure, as hereafter claimed.
Also to save expence in construction a wire lattice may be used, woven with a
wide mesh large enough to allow sponge in blending to flow thro' it & in this I
claim, The novelty of constructing a sponge blender of wire lattice work, as hereafter
claimed.
1 believe it is not sufficiently considered that the blending of sponges by machinery
moved at a rapid motion has the danger of souring them, for to listen to some
machines blending sponges one wd. think they were churning them and when we
consider what a sponge really is how very liable it is to get injured it does require

page_text: some care in the blending-& here my Invention shews a special advantage, as it
can work at a slow motion.
&
Also other machines have no special preparation in them for blending sponges
consequently it is impossible for them to operate on a sponge with the same
machinery as they operate on a dough-a sponge & a dough being two very different
things the sponge is thin & glutinous & will pass the arms like an eel, keeping in
strings constantly while my machine will allow nothing to escape-as it acts like a
sieve fishing up everything.
Fig. 1. M. are some of the places where I lay my metals-but I place them just
according to size of oven 1 am building & the requirements of same as regards
the class of baking she is to be employed at, if for very heavy bread work, extra
metal.
M. F. is main flue-which can communicate with ordinary flues or either range
of pipes by a main shaft at back of oven.
Zis ZZ are dampers which open into the ordinary heating flues at front & at
back there is also a communication by dampers into-ordinary flue, tho' not shown in
this-Drawing.
Fig. 2. is a sponge blender, made of iron. B. B. are lengths of hard timber
into which tightening pins are placed on these pins I fasten wires, each wire
being independant of its fellow wire & thus any single wire may be tightened.
G. are grasps which attach sponge blender to arms or rods in dough machine.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my said Inven-
tion & the several modes I believe the same can be best carried into practical effect
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise dimensions
or relative proportions of the several parts hereinbefore described as it will be
readily seen that these may be considerably varied without departing from the
Invention but what 1 claim as new in my Invention is, in apparatus for the manu-
facture of bread specially relating to Bakers ovens and sponge blenders.
1st. The heat collecting chambers after the manner described in this Invention; or

page_text: any mere modification thereof substantially as described & illustrated with reference
to Sheets 1 & 2 Figs. 1, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
2nd. The novelty of using of metals for the purposes mentioned in this Invention-
specification.
3rd. The novelty of a double range of flues after the manner & for the purposes
described in this Invention specification.
4th. The novelty of using strained wires rods or hoop as a means of blending
sponges.
5th. The novelty of a movable sponge blender which can be put in or taken-out
of a dough machine-at-pleasure.
6th. The novelty of constructing a sponge blender of wire lattice work.
7th. 4th. A sponge blender as constructed and acting substantially as described &
illustrated with reference to Sheet 1. fig. 2. of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of 11th no. 1889.
JOHN ADAIR.