A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED AS FUEL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to the Revd. Granville Hamilton Forbes, Rector of
Broughton, in the County of Northampton, for the Invention of
Sealed the 10th March 1874, and dated the 2nd January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Rev. Granville Hamilton
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd January 1874.
I, the Revd. GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Rector of Broughton, in
the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED AS FUEL," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a compound of the foul or refuse lime of
gasworks, or its equivalent, with coke, or coal, or cinders, or a mixture
of any two or more of them, with or without tar or pitch or similar
bituminous substance, or a combination of any two or more of such."

page_text: substances, with or without petroleum or other light hydrocarbon oil or
spirit, with or without vegetable or animal oil or fat or fatty matter, or
a combination of any two or more of them, and with or without peat,
wood, or other vegetable substance in fibre, dust, or pulp.
a combination of any two or more of them, and with or without peat,
wood, or other vegetable substance in fibre, dust, or pulp.
In practising my Invention I combine the materials used either by
hand or by suitable machinery in such a manner that the compound
may be used as fuel in any grate, or stove, or furnace.
In practising my Invention I combine the materials used either by
hand or by suitable machinery in such a manner that the compound
may be used as fuel in any grate, or stove, or furnace.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the Revd. Granville Hamilton Forbes in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, the Reverend
GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Rector of Broughton, in the County of
Northampton, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, Her special
licence that I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Granville Hamilton
Forbes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND TO BE USED AS FUEL," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :--
My said Invention relates to a compound of the foul or refuse lime of
gasworks, or of soap or chemical works, with coke, or coal, or cinders,
with or without certain other substances herein-after specified. The
compound is intended to be used as fuel, and may be burnt either with
or without coal or other fuel.
In carrying my said Invention into practice I proceed as follows:- -I
grind the foul lime with coal or coal dust, or coke or coke breeze, or the
dust of coke breeze or cinders, or a mixture of any two or more of them
(with sufficient water), in a mortar mill to reduce the whole to a stiff
paste or mortar, which is afterwards formed either by hand or by any
other means into balls or blocks or pieces of a suitable size. These are
then left to dry, or are dried by artificial heat in an oven, or by any
other convenient means, and are then ready for use as fuel.
I sometimes employ peat or wood, or any other vegetable substance,
in addition to the above-specified materials. The peat or wood, or other
vegetable substance, having been first reduced to fibre, or dust, or pulp
by any suitable means is then combined with the other specified.
materials in the mill, as above described.
The proportion which the coke, or coal, or cinders (or the mixture of
any two or more of them), bears to the foul lime will vary considerably
within certain limits. Sufficient foul lime must be employed in any
case to unite the materials into a cohesive mass when the compound is
dry, but the proportion of foul lime used should not in any case exceed
one-half by weight or 50 per cent. of the whole compound. When peat
or wood, or other vegetable substance is used, the proportion which such
substance bears to the coke, or coal, or cinders will be one part by
weight of the peat, or wood, or other vegetable substance to two parts:
of the coke, or coal, or cinders. When a mixture of coke, or coal, or

page_text: cinders is used any desired proportion may be employed. It is desirable
to use the foul lime quite fresh from the purifiers.
Instead of a mortar mill any other suitable machine or machines for
grinding and mixing the materials may be employed; or they may be
ground and mixed by hand. I employ any convenient means.
Instead of the above-specified process I sometimes use the following:-
I dry the foul lime and combine it with the small coal or coal dust, or
coke or coke breeze, or the dust of coke breeze or cinders by mixing
these materials with tar or pitch, or similar bituminous substance, or a
combination of any two or more of such substances by means of "An-
derson's breeze and tar fuel machine," or by any machine or machines
suitable for reducing the materials to a composite mass; or I mix the
materials by hand, and use a press for combining them. By one or
other of these means the compound is formed into pieces of a suitable
size and shape, and is then ready for use as fuel.
In addition to the above-specified materials I sometimes use petroleum
or other light hydrocarbon oil or spirit. This is mixed with the tar or
pitch, or similar bituminous substance before the latter is combined
with the other specified materials. When pitch is used it is ground
before mixing it with the other materials. Sufficient tar is afterwards
added to render the compound cohesive.
I sometimes use vegetable or animal oil, or fat or fatty matter, or a
combination of any two or more of them, instead of the petroleum or
other light hydrocarbon oil or spirit, or in addition to it. The oil is
mixed with the tar before the latter is combined with the other above-
specified materials. The proportion of foul lime used in this process
will vary considerably. . .
In some cases I employ as much as 65 per cent. by weight of foul
lime.
. In other cases I employ not more than 20 per cent. by weight of it.
I may vary the proportion to any extent within these limits.
The quantity of coal or coal dust, or coke or coke breeze, or dust or
cinders (or the mixture of any two or more of them), will of course
vary in inverse proportion to the quantity of foul lime used, as given
above.

page_text: When a mixture of coke or coal or cinders is used the proportions of
this mixture will sometimes be equal parts of each; sometimes one of
coal or coal dust to three parts of coke or coke breeze or dust; sometimes
three parts of coal or coaldust to one part of the coke or coke breeze
or dust.
In addition to the above-specified materials I sometimes use peat or
wood, or other vegetable substance, in fibre, dust, or pulp. It is com-
bined with the other specified materials by any of the means above
described.
The proportion which the peat or wood, or other vegetable substance
bears to the coal or coal dust, or coke, or coke breeze, or dust will vary
in the proportions given in the first part of this Specification.
The proportion of tar or pitch or similar bituminous substance used
should be sufficient to combine the other materials into a compact
cohesive mass..
The proportion of petroleum or other light hydrocarbon oil or spirit
used will vary from a quarter of a pint to one pint in every quarter of a
hundredweight of tar or pitch, or similar bituminous substance.
The proportion of vegetable or animal oil, or a mixture of the two,
will vary in the same degree, namely, from a quarter of a pint to one
pint to every quarter of a hundredweight of tar or pitch, or similar
bituminous substance. .
The vegetable and animal oil may be mixed in any proportion that is
desirable, according to circumstances.
-When the fat or fatty matter is used it is cut into small pieces, and is
then mixed with the other specified materials by the means before
described, or it may be melted and poured upon the other materials
before they are combined..
The proportion will vary from half a pound to four pounds of the fat
or fatty matter to every hundredweight of the whole compound..
Having thus fully described my Invention, and the means which
I adopt for carrying the same into effect, I wish it understood that I
claim,―

page_text: other light hydrocarbon oil or spirit, and with vegetable or animal oil
or fat or fatty matter, as herein described, for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Granville Hamilton Forbes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four
Witness,
HENRY SHAW,
GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES. (L.S.).
Schoolmaster,
Broughton,
Northamptonshire.