matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASSES FOR SIGNAL LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Webb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1871.
I, THOMAS GEORGE WEBB, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASSES FOR SIGNAL LAMPS," to
be as follows :--
upon
My Invention refers to the construction of those glasses which are
used for signal lamps, such as port or starboard lights, or for similar
purposes at sea or on land, and which are constructed
the
dioptric principle. In producing these glasses according to the ordinary
method the "metal" is smoothed over on the inward side by a rubbing
action.
According to my Invention I employ moulds corresponding to the
outward and inward surfaces, and between these the heated "metal" is
placed, after which pressure is applied and it becomes moulded to the

page_text: required shape. To facilitate this operation I form the bottom mould
with sides against which the metal may rise, but as these sides are not
required in the finished article I subsequently remove them by ordinary
cutting or grinding.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING CARTRIDGES, AND FOR FACILITATING THE LOADING OF MITRAILLEUSES AND OTHER MULTIPLE GUNS AND FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1871.-A communication from abroad by Lewis
Wells Broadwell, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria..
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING CARTRIDGES, AND FOR FACILITATING THE LOADING
OF MITRAILLEUSES AND OTHER MULTIPLE GUNS AND FIRE-ARMS,' to be as
follows:-
"
These improvements relate to the construction and arrangements of
feeders or cartridge holders, and also to means of facilitating the
delivery of the cartridges therefrom into the barrels or the charge
chambers of mitrailleuses or multiple guns and fire-arms.
The cartridge holder is of rectangular or square shape in cross
section, and is divided into compartments in which the cartridges can be
arranged in a superposed manner or nearly so. The top of the holder is
closed and it has a handle by which it can be carried, its bottom being

page_text: removable by sliding or otherwise to permit of the cartridges falling
from the case into an aperture in a table or the gun and on which the
holder is placed. The bottom of the case is provided with ribs or fillets
dovetailed or otherwise, so that it can be slid along and upon the table
to bring each successive compartment over the aperture as the former
ones become emptied, a spring catch being employed to hold the case
firmly in position for the time. The table is grooved or channeled for the
ribs or fillets to ride in.
I propose to place a weight in each compartment to press upon the
cartridges to ensure their fall.
Any number of the holders can be arranged upon the table, these
being pushed along in succession for maintaining a continuous firing.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED BED CHAIR AND COMMODE WITH OR WITHOUT A TABLE FOR INVALIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Henry Moesch
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd October 1871.
I, CHARLES LOUIS HENRY MOESCH, of Egremont, in the County of
Chester, Mercantile Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED BED CHAIR AND COMMODE WITH OR
WITHOUT A TABLE FOR INVALIDS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a convenient portable article
of furniture which is easily convertible from a bed or couch to a chair
and vice versa, and in both positions is provided with a commode. A
table can be attached when used as a bed or couch.
The central horizontal frame, which serves as the central portion of
the bed and the seat of the chair is supported on four posts, and has
hinged to both ends other frames called end frames. When these end
frames are placed in a horizontal position, in which case they are
supported on legs hinged to their under surfaces, they form with the
central frame a bed or couch, mattresses or cushions of any suitable

page_text: description being used, but when one of the end frames is raised into a
vertical or nearly vertical position and the other end frame is lowered,
then a chair is provided, there being a rest for the back and legs of the
person. The mattress or cushion or a portion thereof near the middle,
is provided with slides on its under surface or left free so that it can be 5
withdrawn laterally; when withdrawn the aperture of or leading to
the commode is disclosed.
The commode itself is placed under the central horizontal frame,
between the supporting posts, and is formed with carrier pieces which
rest on horizontal slides, so that the container or the whole commode 1
can be removed laterally.
If desired a sliding cover is provided which closes the aperture of
the commode during removal from the frame and leaves the aperture
free during replacement; the means used for this are a projecting piece
on the sliding cover and a fixed piece in the frame, these come into 1
contact during removal and replacing, but pass each other by giving a
slight push or draw.
To provide the bed with a table, standards are fitted to the central
portion, and carriers are attached to the standards; on the carriers a
sliding table is fitted, a reading desk being part thereof if desired.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OP MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE THEREFROM OF COMPOSITIONS TO SUPERSEDE THE USE AND APPLICATION OF FOREIGN PRODUCTS FOR COATING, COVERING, OR LAYING ROADWAYS, FOOTPATHS, FLOORING, ROOFING, AND OTHER LIKE OR SIMILAR PUR- POSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Mulholland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th October 1871.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE MULHOLLAND, of No. 21, Great St. Helen's,
Bishopgate, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OP MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURE THEREFROM OF COMPOSITIONS TO SUPERSEDE THE
USE AND APPLICATION OF FOREIGN PRODUCTS FOR COATING, COVERING, OR LAYING
ROADWAYS, FOOTPATHS, FLOORING, ROOFING, AND OTHER LIKE OR SIMILAR PUR-
POSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment both mechanically and
chemically of the bituminous shales found in the United Kingdom, and
under ordinary circumstances it is found in practice that more crushing
or rolling and subsequent screening is sufficient preparation for
effectuating the above objects, but when obtained of peculiarly rich
quality, that is, when impregnated to an unusual extent with bitumen,
oil, or wax, a system of boiling is preferentially resorted to, with the
addition of either strong or weak acid solutions as may be deemed or

page_text: found requisite, yet in some particular cases where carbonate of lime
preponderates, calcination reduces the mass to the required state of
perfection.
To the shale thus manipulated by either one or all of the foregoing
processes being applied, it is prepared for practical use by admixing 5
same with from 20 to 30 parts of pitch, and from 5 to 10 parts of coal
tar in the 100 parts, gentle temperature being applied and continual
stirring maintained until the perfect homogenity of the materials is
arrived at.
In those parts of the country where gypsum abounds it may be 1
prepared by either boiling or roasting, and economically used in con-
junction with the ingredients herein-before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PEROXIDATION OF OXIDE OF MANGANESE RECOVERED FROM CHLORINE RESIDUES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Valentin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th July 1871.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE VALENTIN, of the Royal College of Chemistry,
Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PEROXIDATION OF OXIDE
OF MANGANESE RECOVERED FROM CHLORINE RESIDUES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in bringing atmospheric air, either cold or
heated, into intimate contact with hydrated oxide of manganese sus-
pended in water in the presence of a free alkali and an alkaline ferro
or ferri cyanide, such as yellow or red prussiate of potash, or of a
mixture of the two, or also in the presence of some other metallic ferro
or ferri cyanide or a mixture thereof, such, for instance, as the corre-
sponding lime, magnesia, manganese, and other salts. I have found that
the action of the atmosphere upon the hydrated oxide of manganese
is considerably quickened by the presence of a ferro or ferri cyanide in
an alkaline solution, and that the protoxide of manganese is speedily
converted thereby into a higher oxide or oxides, which become then

page_text: again available for the manufacture of chlorine or for other purposes,
that in fact the ferri-cyanide acts in alkaline solutions as a carrier of
oxygen to the protoxide of manganese, and becomes reduced to ferro-
cyanide, but is immediately reconverted into the ferri-cyanide by the
action of the air, until the whole of the oxide of manganese has been
oxidized into the peroxide or into one of the intermediate oxides of
manganese which are all capable of generating chlorine gas when acted
upon by hydrochloric acid with formation of proto-chloride of manganese.
The latter can in its turn be converted once more into the hydrated
protoxide of manganese by means well understood, and -can then be
made available over again in like manner as above described.
I propose to separate the ferro or ferri cyanide or the mixture of
the two and the free alkali from the precipitated binoxide or inter-
mediate oxide of manganese by any known mechanical mode, such
as by filtration, or by separating the precipitate by means of a
centrifugal machine, when the alkaline solution containing the soluble
ferro or ferri cyanide is recovered and can be used for a fresh operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Rowe, "of Hayle, in the County of
Cornwall, Miller, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR."
Sealed the 3rd November 1871, and dated the 4th May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Rowe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1871.
I, JOSEPH ROWE, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, Miller, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the obtainment of an increased yield
of flour from a given quantity of wheat, and also the improving the
quality of the flour_obtained.
Under the existing mode of manufacturing flour the meal which is
obtained from the grinding direct of the wheat is dressed or bolted so as

page_text: "
to separate it into, say, from three to five different
65 sorts or qualities,
this being effected by the well-known dressing process. The various
sorts or samples thus obtained are each capable of yielding a certain
amount of flour, if re-ground and re-dressed, but hitherto they have
been sold with the flour in them, thus causing a considerable reduction 5
in the amount of fine flour obtained from the wheat which it has been
the custom of some in the trade to increase again by adding or mixing
with the fine flour more or less of these inferior qualities or samples,
thereby lowering the quality of the flour itself.
Moreover, with a view to obtaining as large a yield as possible it has 1
been the custom to grind "low," that is to say, with the stones very
close set together, whereby the bran becomes cut up or ground into the
flour and destroys its color, whilst at the same time greater power is
required in dressing the stones.
Now according to my improved process of manufacturing flour I
re-grind in a separate-pair-of-stones each of the different sorts or
samples obtained by the first bolting or dressing machine so as to
recover the portions of flour still remaining-therein, a separate dressing
process being effected after re-grinding. Those "sorts" or samples which
contain bran may, if required, be passed through a separating machine or
be subjected to any well-known process for removing the bran before
being re-ground.
The object of using separate stones for the re-grinding of the different
"sorts" or samples is to save the principal stones, since if they were
employed in the process of re-grinding they would be rendered
unserviceable for grinding wheat.
The stones for re-grinding or softening are by preference made with a
much larger central opening than the ordinary eye of a millstone, so as
to present, in fact, the appearance of a ring. This ring of stone is
dressed differently to an ordinary stone, the surface having mercly a few
furrows made at wide intervals upon its surface, such furrows extending
from the central opening to the periphery at a slight angle to the
imaginary radii of the stone.
AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR EXTRACTING PLANTAIN AND OTHER NOXIOUS WEEDS AND ROOTS PROM LAWNS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James House at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1871.
I, JAMES HOUSE, of Market Lavington, Devizes, in the County of
Wiltshire, Machinist and Agricultural Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for " AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR EXTRACTING
PLANTAIN AND OTHER NOXIOUS WEEDS AND ROOTS PROM LAWNS,". to he as
follows:-
=
My Invention consists of a metal tube of about three-quarters of an
inch in diameter, and about two feet six inches in length. To one end
of this metal tubo is screwed or otherwise attached a foot piece or
treader, which also serves to couple a short tube of about three inches in
This
length and one inch in diameter to the before-mentioned tube.
last or short tube is sharpened to a knife edge at its extremity, and is.
fitted with a plunger which works by a rod passing through the whole
length of the tube, and is worked or actuated by a lever handle at the
other extremity. The tube is fitted with a suitable cross handle.

page_text: The action of the implement is thus:-The tube is placed over the
root or weed to be extracted, and is forced into the ground by means of
the foot piece or treader, the root being thus taken into the tube. The
implement is then withdrawn from the ground by means of the cross
handle, and the extracted weed or root driven out of the tube by means 5
of the plunger and plunger rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cort Wright, Richard
Pendlebury, and Edward Ainsworth at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th November
1871.
We, WILLIAM CORT WRIGHT, of the Firm of Messieurs Wood and
Wright, of Bank Bridge and Clayton Vale, near the City of Manchester,
Calico Printers, RICHARD PENDLEBURY, of the same Place, Bleacher,
and EDWARD AINSWORTH, of the same Place, Millwright, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING
AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to the process known as bowking, which
is performed in a closed vessel called a kier.
It has heretofore been customary to force the bleaching liquor up a
central pipe from which it falls on to the fabrics or substances in the
kier, the effect of which is to compress the goods and to produce a
greater effect upon those in the upper than on those in the lower part of
the kier. Now our Invention consists in forcing the bleaching liquor

page_text: through the goods from below, whereby they are more evenly bleached
than heretofore.
A convenient apparatus for performing our Invention consists of an
ordinary kier with a false bottom and a central pipe as usual; within the
central pipe is a small steam pipe which terminates at a little distance
from a disc placed near the bottom of the kier; when the steam is
turned on it is distributed by the disc into the bleaching liquor under
the false bottom; the steam then forces the bleaching liquor upwards
through the goods in the kier; this action from below prevents the goods
from being pressed together.
When the bowking is completed the steam is shut off in the small pipe,
and the bleaching liquor is allowed to run off in the ordinary manner.
On starting a fresh boiling the steam is admitted from above to force the
moisture out of the goods before the bleaching liquor is admitted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Craik and William
Balshaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th May 1871.
We, JOSEPH CRAIK, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and WILLIAM BALSHAW, of the same Place, Overlooker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows
Our Invention relates to that part of looms known as the picking
motion, and consists in the use of a bracket or stop for restraining the
"bowl" of the picking shaft from flying beyond the distance to which
it is driven by the direct or positive action of the tappet.
In carrying out our Invention we adapt a bracket or stop to the loom
side, and against which the picking bowl arrives when the said tappet
has been set at full stretch as it is termed, and when therefore it has

page_text: acted against the said "bowl" and caused a sufficient traverse of the
picking stick to effect the picking motion. As there are several ordinary
constructions of looms, the form of the said bracket or stop and its
precise position must be regulated to suit those different constructions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND ARRANGING BOILER INJECTORS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Friedmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
17th October 1871.
I, ALEXANDER FRIEDMANN, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, and
of London Wall, in the City of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND
ARRANGING BOILER INJECTORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention essentially consists in the construction of what I call
a "twin injector” or double injector, that is to say, of an apparatus
which although composed of two injectors forms only one block or body.
It is usual for greater security to provide a locomotive or other boiler
with two injectors, each of which is furnished with separate pipes,
valves, and other accessory parts; but my twin or double injector
requires only one water suction pipe, one coupling pipe, one steam pipe,
one steam valve, one water delivery pipe, and one clack box, and it only
requires one water cock communicating with the two injectors; and this

page_text: water cock may be so arranged that either one or both of the injectors
may feed as may be necessary.
-The two injectors need not be of the same size; I even prefer in most
cases that one should be smaller than the other, the smaller one being
employed to feed continuously, while the larger one is only brought into
action when occasion requires it.
To apply my Invention or system to injectors already constructed,
I fix two of such injectors to a boiler and connect their respective
water spaces and respective spaces of their steam nozzles and receiving
nozzles. I thus form a sort of twin or double injector and save nearly
half the expense of the usual pipes, valves, and other parts, while the
manipulation of the two injectors is at the same time much simplified.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REELING AND WINDING WORSTED, WOOLLEN, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER YARN
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tankard and John
Cockcroft at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd March 1871.
We, JAMES TANKARD, of Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted
Spinner, and JOHN COCKCROFT, of the same Place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR REELING AND WINDING WORSTED, WOOLLEN, COTTON, SILK, AND
OTHER YARN" (to be as follows) :-
:―
Heretofore in reeling and winding yarns from bobbins the bobbins
have been placed on studs or pins upon which they had to rotate to give
off the yarn, such rotation being produced by the drag or drawing
forward of the yarn, and in fine yarn or in yarn of tender material
frequent breakages occur, thus producing bad yarn, also a waste of
material and loss of time in piecing the ends. In order to avoid this
the studs or pin have had to be lubricated, which is not only attended
with expense, but the yarn is liable to and becomes dirtied thereby. Now
to remedy this evil we have the bobbins not to rotate, but we place a
tweezle or guide eye opposite the end of each bobbin for the yarn to pass

page_text: through to the reel or to another bobbin; thus the yarn is drawn off the
ends of the bobbins & thereby little or no stress is put on them in the
drawing off. This method of taking the yarn off the end of the bobbins
has the effect of putting more twist into the said yarn, which will
facilitate the process of spinning as yarn may be spun with less twist
than is requisite, & the remainder of the twist will be produced in the
reeling & winding thereof.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOLLERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Zipser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1871.
I, ALBERT ZIPSER, of Biala, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOLLERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in introducing into the water space of steam
boilers an apparatus consisting of a closed oblong metal vessel, on the
under side of which are one or more apertures communicating with
vertical nozzle shaped pipes inside the vessel, which pipes are curved
downwards at their upper ends. At the top of the vessel is a hinged
cover formed of fine wire gauze.
The apparatus is either suspended in the water space of the boiler,
or it is supported on a tripod or stand therein, so as to be free of the
bottom of the boiler. On the water in the boiler being brought to a
state of ebullition a circulation thereof is set up through the said
apparatus, the water entering the vessel through the nozzle shaped pipes
and passing out through the wire gauze cover. As the water while in

page_text: the vessel is in a state of comparative quiescence any solid matter held
in suspension therein becomes deposited on the bottom of the vessel,
and thus by the continued and repeated circulation of the water in the
boiler through the apparatus the whole or the greater part of the solid
suspended matter is deposited from the water into the vessel, whereby
the formation of deposit or incrustation in the boiler itself is more or
less entirely prevented.
The apparatus is removed from time to time through the man-hole
of the boiler, and on opening the wire gauze cover the accumulated
deposit is readily removed therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE REVERSING LINK MOTION FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rockliff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1871.
I, WILLIAM ROCKLIFF, of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the County of
Stafford, Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE REVERSING LINK MOTION FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to simplify the ordinary (Stephenson's)
link motion by dispensing with one or more of the eccentrics and
eccentric rods together with the balance weight or weights hitherto
employed.
Now this Invention consists in mounting the slot link (herein-after
called the rocking link) centrally upon a fixed stud with the slot radiating
from the valve spindle instead of from the eccentric, the top of such
rocking link is then connected to the strap of the eccentric, and the
valve spindle link hercin-after called the lifting link is coupled to the
die working in the slot of the rocking link. The action of this reversing
gear may be thus described. The lifting link being connected to the

page_text: reversing lever may be raised or lowered and thus place the dio for
forward gear at the top of the rocking link, and at the bottom of such
rocking link for backward gear. For a locomotive or double cylindered
engine two rocking links would be required, and two eccentric and
lifting links arranged as described, but worked by one reversing lever or
instead of using two eccentrics a single one may be employed con-
nected by its rod to a stud on a disc plate which is thus caused to
revolve, the same stud also carries a link coupled to the top of the
rocking link for the right-hand cylinder. This right-hand disc plate is
secured at one extremity of a spindle working through a pedestal or
socket and having at its other extremity another or left-hand disc plate,
also securely fastened on to such spindle, upon this disc plate is fixed a
stud one quarter of a circle behind the stud on the right hand disc plate
and exactly the same distance from the axis or centre of the spindle.
This left-hand stud is coupled to the top of the rocking link apper-
taining to the left-hand cylinder, thus giving its action a quarter behind
that of the right-hand stud. This reversing gear posseses all the
advantage of the Stephenson's link motion in working the steam ex-
pausively, for which purpose it can be adjusted to the greatest nicety in
the ordinary manner by means of the reversing lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gaukroger and Joseph
Handley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th January 1871.
We, JOHN GAUKROGER, of Todmorden, in the County of York,
Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, and JOSEPH HANDLEY, of the same
Place, Licientiate of the Society of Apothecaries, 'do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE
TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as
follows:-
'
This Invention' consists in the application of a pipe of any suitable
size and form, and by preference made of fire-clay, placed in and
extending along the flame bed or the flue behind the bridge, one end
being open to the atmosphere in any convenient place and the other
open at or near the bridge, and for this purpose we prefer to contract
in width the space above the bridge, but maintain the same area by

page_text: making it deeper. The atmospheric air entering and passing through
this pipe becomes heated and combines with the flame and unconsumed
products of combustion after they pass over the bridge, thereby producing
ignition, and consequently combustion of the smoke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL OR OTHER METALLIC TUBES OR CYLINDRICAL ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Brown and
William Lockwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th February 1871.
We, WILLIAM HENRY BROWN and WILLIAM LOCKWOOD, both of
Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL OR OTHER METALLIC TUBES OR CYLINDRICAL
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of cast steel or
other metallic tubes or cylindrical articles relates, first, to an improved
method of producing the bloom or rough cylinder from which the tube
or other article is to be made by drawing or rolling. Heretofore for the
manufacture of metallic tubes from cast metal blocks or blooms a rough
cylinder of suitable thickness, according to the dimensions of the intended
article, has been produced by casting the metal round a solid core, which
has to be driven out or removed before the metallic cylinder can be used
for the intended purpose of rolling or drawing down into a tube.

page_text: Our improvement under this head consists in casting the bloom or
cylindrical block upon a hollow or tubular core, into which when the
casting is completed cold water may be injected for the purpose of
shrinking the tubular coro, so that it may be more easily removed.
The rough cylinder thus prepared may be drawn down on a solid or
hollow mandril. If a solid mandril he employed it should be made with
protuberances at convenient distances apart so that the tube when
formed thereon may be kept to the proper gauge or diameter.
The next part of the Invention consists in drawing tubes on a hollow
mandril. After the tube has been drawn down to the required size it 1
should be heated with the mandril therein. Water may then be injected
into the hollow mandril for the purpose of causing it to shrink, so that
it may be removed with facility from within tho tube, which will then
be complete.
AN IMPROVED RACK FOR TIGHTENING AND HOLDING THE CORDS OF WINDOW BLINDS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kent at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1871.
I, JOHN KENT, of the Town and County of Nottingham, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RACK FOR
TIGHTENING AND HOLDING THE CORDS OF WINDOW BLINDS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved rack or holder for keeping taut
the cords by which roller window blinds are raised or lowered so that the
blind may be held at any desired height or position. In ordinary rack
slides tension is maintained on the blind cord by an adjustable pulley
held at any position in a fixed rack by a spring with which it is provided,
the pulley being moveable in one direction only.
Now my improved holder is so constructed that the pulley may be
raised or lowered as required to slacken or tighten the cord. The holder
consists of a small bracket piece (to be fixed to the window frame in
the usual position) through which a moveable or sliding rack passes and
is held by a pawl or catch hung loosely in the bracket.

page_text: The rack is provided at one end with a pulley for the blind cord or
band to pass around. The pawl or catch allows the rack to be moved
in one direction to tighten the cord while the rack may be readily
disengaged by raising the pawl, and moved in the reverse direction to
slacken the cord when necessary. This rack holder may also be applied
to keep taut the driving bands or cords of machines in lieu of the
adjustable pulley and set screw at present employed, and also for other
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION AND JOINING OF BRICKS FOR CONSTRUCTING PIPES OR TUBES AND OTHER CIRCULAR OR CURVED BRICKWORK
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th July 1871.-A communication from abroad by Ambroise
Creissard Brothers, of 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, France,
Contractors.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION AND JOINING OF
BRICKS FOR CONSTRUCTING PIPES OR TUBES AND OTHER CIRCULAR OR CURVED
BRICKWORK," a communication to me from abroad by Ambroise Creissard
Brothers, of 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, France, Contractors,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a system of curved brick with swallow or
dovetailed tenon and rectangular groove for pipes and elbow joints and
curved brickwork generally.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, forming part of this Pro-
visional Specification, A, Figure 1, is a front view of a brick embodying
this Invention; B, Figure 2, a back view of same; C, Fig. 3, convex

page_text: side view of the brick; D, Fig. 4, concave side view of brick; E, Fig. 5,
bricks joined to form a pipe; F, Fig. 6, vertical section through a pipe;
G, Fig. 1, rectangular groove; H, Fig. 2, rectangular rib fitting into
the groove G, Fig. 1; I, Figs. 1 and 2, mortise receiving the tenon K
of the rib H, Fig. 2; K, Figs. 1 and 2, tenon of the rib H fitting into
the mortise I, Fig. 1.
-
In joining these curved swallow-tail tenoned bricks with rectangular
groove to form a pipe, the bricks a b, bc, cd, (Fig. 5) are so placed
that the tenon K (Fig. 2) of the rib H of the brick takes into the
mortise I (Figs. 1 and 5) of the groove G (Figs. 1 and 5). Then the
bricks g, h, k, joined in a similar manner, are superposed on the bricks
a b, bc, cd, so that the joints bm, cn, divide the surfaces of the bricks
gh, hk, into two equal parts, and also so that the rib H (Fig. 2) of the
said bricks fits exactly into the groove G (Figs. 1 and 5), and by con-
tinuing to lay and superpose the bricks in this way a pipe is obtained,
the complete joining of the bricks of which is represented in the
section F (Fig. 6).
The dimensions of the bricks will vary with the diameter of the pipe
or other construction.
Pipes formed by joining bricks as above described are secure from
disjointing and resist very great pressure.
The solidity due to this particular construction renders it specially
suitable for pipes forming siphons, not only on the score of strength,
but also on that of economy; pipes thus constructed being much
cheaper than the metal pipes in general use for siphons.
In- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR HEATING, Evaporating, ▲AND BOILING LIQUIDS, AND FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rennie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1871.
I, JAMES RENNIE, of the Town and County of Dumfries, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR HEATING, Evaporating, ▲AND BOILING LIQUIDS, AND
FOR THE GENERATION OF STEAM," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement or construction of
furnace for heating and boiling liquids, for generating steam, consuming
smoke, and for effecting economy in fuel, and it is among other purposes
specially adapted for boiling "worts" in breweries.
The furnace consists of a vertical or inclined shaft having a fire grate
or fire plate at or near to the bottom; the said shaft is situated beneath
the vessel wherein the liquids to be heated or boiled are contained, or
wherein steam is to be generated, and air ducts or passages are provided
in the shaft through which air is admitted for burning the gases and
thereby preventing the formation of smoke. In this arrangement of
furnace it is preferred to burn small or “nut” coal, as in furnaces so

page_text: constructed a greater amount of heat can be obtained. The amount of
heat supplied to the boilers or vessels may be regulated by opening and
closing the furnace door or a damper as required, this may be effected
by mechanical means or by an attendant, and one or moro openings cach
furnished with a door is or are preferably situated on one side of the 5
furnace at a short distance below the bottom of the boiler or other vessel
in order that the flues may be more casily cleaned, and which may
sometimes be useful for admitting an additional supply of air at that
point.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING THE OCTAVES OF ORGANS, PIANO- FORTES, AND SUCH LIKE KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Zawadski at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1871.
I, ALFRED ZAWADSKI, of No. 293, Great College Street, Camden Town,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for ".) ·IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING THE OCTAVES OF ORGANS, PIANO-
FORTES, AND SUCH LIKE KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to facilitate the coupling of the
octaves in American and other organs, pianofortes, and other similarly
keyed musical instruments. For this purpose I apply a series of axes
capable of turning in suitable bushed bearings, carried by a hinged
or other bar, capable of being raised by a suitable stop when required
to connect the octaves. These axes are placed, by preference, in angular
directions in the length of this bar, and each of them is formed with
two arms, one of which is supported near the outer edge of the bar,
and is in position to be acted upon by a button or projection from the

page_text: under side of one key, and the other near the inner end of the bar is
in position to act on a button or projection from the octave key, or in
case of American organs and such like instruments, to act on a button
or projection on the plunger.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF IRON FENCING APPLICABLE TO ALL PURPOSES WHERE FENCING IS REQUIRED
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Simpson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1871.
I, JOSEPH SIMPSON, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND CONSTRUCTION OF IRON
FENCING APPLICABLE TO ALL PURPOSES WHERE FENCING IS REQUIRED," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
My improvements in fencing relates to the description formed of
horizontal rods or bars of iron secured to vertical standards, and in no
way apply to fencing formed of wire strands generally designated wire
fencing, and consist in forming projections on or indentations in the fence
bars or rods at measured distances, in order that when the standard is
placed between such projections or indentations, the application of wedges
between the face or flange of the standard, and the projections on or
indentations in the horizontal bars or rods has the effect of keying the
standards to the rails, so as not only to fix or hold the rail to the standard,
but provent all lateral action.

page_text: The wedges may be used separate or formed of one piece, and made to
engage the front of the standard, passing down the back side of the
horizontal rod or bar, between the projections formed thereon and the
sides of the standard, which in this case would be simply formed of a flat
bar of iron without flanges.
IMPROVEMENTS, IN BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jorgen Daniel Larsen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th August 1871.
I, JORGEN DANIEL LARSEN, of No. 1, The Avenue, Blackheath, in the
5 County of Kent, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS, IN BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
A drum or cylinder is mounted on an axle of the carriage, and is
enveloped by a band which is caused to embrace the drum or cylinder
0 tightly by suitable means.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING FANNING APPARATUS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1871.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Ménonval-Belcour, of Marseilles, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING FANNING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of operating hand fans auto-
matically, in a similar manner to but as a substitute for the fatiguing
action of the hand. One advantage of an automatically acting fan is
that the hands are at liberty to follow any occupation without inter-
ruption. Fans thus operated may also serve for cooling the air of sick
rooms or for charging the air with medicinal vapors obtained from
volatile liquids, such as ether, chloroform, or disinfectants. In this case
small tubes containing wicks are adapted to the fan for supplying the
liquid at its centre by capillary action, the vapors being disseminated by
the action of the fan. Perfumes of various kinds may also be used in

page_text: like manner, and the fan may be combined with many articles, such as
table or toilette ornaments, which also serve to contain the mechanism
operating the fan.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawing represents one example of the mode
of applying the improved portable self-acting fan to an ornamental 5
jar, which serves to contain the mechanism shown separately in Figures
2 and 3, said jar being surmounted by a basket of flowers or other
ornament used to conceal the attachment of the fan with the
mechanism.
In Figure 2, A represents a barrel containing a spring for giving 1
motion to the mechanism and carrying a toothed wheel, gearing with
pinion B and acting by means of wheels D, E, F, G, on an endless
screw Q; H, crank arm fixed on the spindle of pinion F; H', forked
lever connected at one end to the crank and at the other to the fan
holder H", which is counterbalanced and oscillates on pivot O. I is a 1
fly wheel on spindle Q of endless scrow, and J a regulator or flyer on
same spindle. The winding gear consists of a ratchet M, Figure 3, fixed
on barrel spindle; P, P', spring and pawl; N, ratchet fixed on squared
spindle S and gearing with ratchet M; T, bridge piece in which
wheel N is mounted; R, studs for connecting plates Z, Z, containing the 2
mechanism, Figures 2 and 3.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO-WHEELED COVERED CARRIAGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nunn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1871.
"
I, WILLIAM NUNN, of Oak Lodge, Bushey Hill, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO-WHEELED COVERED CARRIAGES,” to be as follows :-
In carrying out my improvements the body-is supported on a cranked
axle, but the internal seats in place of being parallel to the sides of it
are by preference applied crosswise and so that the occupants sit on
them vis-a-vis. Access to the interior is obtained in some cases at 'the
back by two doors, each opening by preference from the centre outwards
with guard plates thereon to rest against the wheels when open. The
driver's seat is hung in the centre behind, but movable in case of the
carriage being for private use and it should be desired to drive from the
interior; and the foot board to this back driving seat is movable so as
to be moved out of the way of the door for the time to be opened. The
internal back seat is formed in two parts, each capable of sliding as
well as of turning upwards, so that when those seats alone are desired

page_text: to be occupied they may be slided forwards better to adjust the position
of the weight in relation to the axle.
These internal back seats are also formed with back rests so as not to
be dependent for that purpose on the doors, and these seats may either
be capable of turning towards each other or towards the sides, but in
this latter case the back rests must be formed to fold or move upwards,
or they will be separate from the seats. The front seat may also
be movable. Small side seats may also be provided for children's use.
In some cases the doors for admission to the interior will be in front of
the wheels, forming the angles or curves from the sides to the front of the
vehicle. In such cases the back seat will be capable of adjustment
to adapt its position to the weight dependent upon the number or
position of the occupants, or the adjustment of the weight may be by
shifting it in relation to, the axle. The front seats or those next the
entrance doors will be movable to facilitate ingress and egress, and the
crank of the axle of the bearing wheels in place of being in a vertical
direction will be inclined thereto. The driving seat may in this case
if desired be placed in or over the front.
'
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGar Mills
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1871.-A communication from abroad by Charles Hughes,
of the Island of Cuba, Engineer.
I, WILLIAM HUGHES, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGar Mills,” being a com-
munication to me from abroad by Charles Hughes, of the Island of
Cuba, Engineer, to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to sugar mills used for crushing sugar canes,
and consists, first, in the employment of a mid-feather at or about
the middle of the endless apron or conductor which conducts the
canes to the crushing rollers, the mid-feather being for the purpose of
preventing the crossing or entanglement of the canes before they arrive
at the rollers.
Secondly. In making the guide with the doctor or knife used in
connection with one of the rollers moveable vertically as well as
horizontally for the purpose of enabling them to be removed if the

page_text: passage of the crushed canes should be choked or clogged the vertical
and horizontal movements being given by means of screws and nuts.
And thirdly, in the employment of a friction clutch for checking or
stopping the motion of the conductor after it has been thrown out of
gear. In a disc connected to one of the toothed wheels there is a
conical circular groove in which there is a conical rim at one side of
a wheel fixed to a worm wheel having in its interier a screw thread
fitting a shaft carrying one of the toothed wheels of the conductor and
to the worm wheel is geared a worm, which can be turned by a handle
wheel, so that when the worm is turned one way, it turns the spur
wheel with its internal thread and moves the conical rim out of the
conical groove and leaves the conductor partially or entirely free, but
when the worm is turned the other way it presses the rim into the
groove and prevents any movement of the conductor.