IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING AND UTILIZING GAS AND HEAT, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Jensen, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND
MEANS FOR PRODUCING AND UTILIZING GAS AND HEAT, AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR."- A communication from abroad by Egmond Julius
Erichsen and Jörgen Georg Maardt, both of Copenhagen, in the
Kingdom of Denmark.
-
Scaled the 25th September 1874, and dated the 27th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Jensen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1874.
"
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Improvements.
IN MODES OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING AND UTILIZING GAS AND HEAT, AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR (a communication to me from abroad by Egmond
Julius Erichsen and Jörgen Georg Maardt, both of Copenhagen, in the.
Kingdom of Denmark), to be as follows:-
"

page_text: proceeding from the coke ovens heat the gas retorts, and are then mado
to commingle with a part of the crude lighting gas from the retorts, and
with cold or hot air in suitable and definite proportions for combustion,
the heat from which is then utilized for heating, evaporating, burning,
or roasting of lime, bricks, carthenware, orcs, or other substances, for
smelting glass or for other heating purposes, smelting, boiling, burning,
or evaporating; the remainder of the gas in the retorts is purified and
utilized for illuminating or separate heating purposes as usual.
Or according to another mode the gases and vapours from the coko
ovens are made to commingle with the whole of the crude lighting gas
produced in retorts heated by the gas and vapours from the said coke
ovens, and with cold or hot air as aforesaid, and the heat thus produced
then utilized as aforesaid.
According to one part of this Invention the apparatus is constructed
as follows:-The coke oven or ovens are placed under the retort or
retorts; the gas and vapours from the fuel in the coke oven pass
through apertures in the upper part of the same to a space or fluc or
flues around the retort, where a suitable and definite quantity of air is
admitted for effecting the combustion, the products from which are then
led to the kiln, boiler, or chamber where they commingle with crudo
lighting gas from the retorts, and with air in such manner and quantity
as to produce the desired heat and economy. The air is by preference
first heated by passing through flucs or pipes formed or placed in the
brickwork, first through the cooler parts of the same and then through
the hotter parts.
By means of dampers facilities may be afforded for sometimes or at
certain times to shut off the gases, and products of combustion partly or
wholly from the aforesaid commingling chamber or chambers, and lead
them off to a chimney or other place direct.
The air flues may in some cases be formed or placed along the side or
sides of a coke oven and have suitable apertures leading into the same,
a well fitting damper or valve in front of the brickwork setting affording
the means for controlling the air admission.
When making use of apparatus constructed thus the coke is not drawn
as usual but consumed in the coke oven. The toil, inconvenience, and
loss of heat occasioned by the drawing of the red hot contents of the
coke ovens, and then quenching them in the usual manner, is in tliis

page_text: case avoided. The residual contents of the retorts may be shot or
emptied into the coke ovens, for instance, through a hopper after the
exit passages for the crude lighting gas from the retorts have been
closed.
The fuel with which the coke ovens are charged may consist of coals
or other hydrocarbon fuel, alone or in combination with already coked
fuel such as cokes from the retorts or other cokes...
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said Peter Jensen in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, PETER
JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
.
}
;
!
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Jensen, Her
special licence that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter Jensen, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MODES OF AND MEANS FOR PRODUCING AND UTILIZING GAS AND
HEAT, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR (a communication to me from abroad
by Egmond Julius Erichsen and Jörgen Georg Maardt, both of
Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark), upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Peter Jensen, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and causo
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
"
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page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Jensen, do hereby declaró
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bé
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
The first part of this Invention refers to apparatus where one or more
coke ovens are so arranged relatively to one or more gas retorts that
the gases and vapours proceeding from the coke ovens heat the gas
retorts, and are then made to commingle with a part or the whole of the
crude lighting gas from the retorts, and with cold or hot air in suitable
and definite proportions for combustion, the heat from which is then
utilized for heating, evaporating, burning, or roasting of lime, bricks,
earthenware, ores, or other substances for smelting glass, or for other
heating, smelting, boiling, burning, or evaporating purposes; the
remainder of the gas in the retorts is purified and utilized for illuminating
or separate heating purposes as usual.
.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings is half front elevation and half
vertical cross section of apparatus constructed according to this part of
the Invention; Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of same;
and Fig. 3 is a vertical cross section of a similar arrangement of apparatus,
but with three retorts to two coke ovens; whercas Figs. 1 and 2 shew
one retort for each coke oven. The same letters of reference refer to
like parts in all three Figures.
a, a, are the coke ovens which are placed under the retorts b, b;
c, c, are the retort mouth pieces and lids; d, the ascension pipe and
hydraulic main or lute, and e the pipe leading the crude retort gas to
one or more combustion chambers f; the gas and vapours from the fuel
in the coke oven or ovens a pass through apertures in the upper part of
the same to a space or flue or flues around the retort or retorts b, b,
where a suitable and definite quantity of air is admitted by means of
flues k, k, arranged as shewn, or in any other suitable manner for
effecting the combustion which may be made more or less perfect as
required by regulating the air supply. The products of this combustion
are then led to the kiln, boiler, or chamber, where they commingle with
crude lighting gas from the retorts, and with air in such manner and

page_text: quantity as to produce the desired heat and economy.
As shown
here the just-named products of combustion go off through the flues g, g;
to one or more combustion chambers f, which may be the same as or for
some distance be continued separate from the "combustion chambers into
which the crude lighting gas from the retorts are made to pass. The
air required for the combustion of the coke oven gases. and the retort
gases or for one of them is, by preference first heated by passing through
flues or pipes formed or placed in the brickwork, first through the cooler.
parts of the same and then through the hotter parts. The air for tho
combustion chamber or chambers f is in this case admitted through one
or more perforated plates or tiles 7.
By means of dampers facilities may be afforded for sometimes or
at certain times to shut off the gases and products of combustion, partly
or wholly from the aforesaid commingling chamber or chambers fand
lead them off to a chimney or other place direct.
Fig. 2 shows an arrangement whereby the products of combustion
may be led from the flues g down through a flue i to flues i, under the
coke oven bottom in order to heat the same when required.
The heat obtained in. and by apparatus as just described may be
utilized in many different ways. The combustion chambers f, may for
instance form part of the flues or space under a salt evaporating pan or
under or in a steam boiler or other heating or evaporating apparatus, and.
it is not absolutely necessary that the apparatus where the heating gases:
are produced should be close to or adjoining the heating or evaporating
apparatus where the heat of the said gases is required, though of course.
it is advisable where it can be conveniently so arranged.
.
Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section through an apparatus as just
described, and arranged so in connection with a salt evaporating pan A
that the combustion chambers fare arranged under and form flues under
the salt pan. is a bridge or equivalent construction or throat forming"
appliance. The retort gas is made to enter the passage g by means
of the pipe e; this part may however be arranged as at Figs. 1, 2,
and 3..
;
Fig. 5 is a vertical cross section; Fig. 6, a vertical longitudinal
section, and Fig. 7, a plan section shewing the application of the
apparatus shewn at Fig. 3 to a tubular steam boiler; a are the coke
ovens, and 6 the retorts; the combustion chamber f here forms part of'

page_text: the fire-box or flue of the boiler; f¹ is a brick wall with a hole or holes
through, as shewn, for the flame to pass through in a manner somewhat
similar to that at the space over the bridge of an ordinary steam boiler,
for producing intense or further commingling and combustion of the
gases before passing into the next following combustion chamber f",
and thence through the tubes.
In some cases the boiler or other heating or evaporating apparatus
may be placed on the top of the coke oven and retort apparatus, so that
the brickwork of the latter forms more or less of the setting of the said
boiler or other heating or evaporating apparatus..
In some cases fuel, by preference coke, may be placed on the grate of
the boiler, and the gases from the coke ovens and from the retorts, or
either of them separately are then made to pass through such fuel on
the grate and are consumed along with it, air being of course admitted
in regulated and proper quantities as required for the perfect com-
bustion. The boiler here shewn is obviously only an example in order
thereby to illustrate one of the multifarious modes in which this
Invention can be used in connection with steam boilers..
J
Fig. 8 is a vertical sectional view through a lime kiln fired by the
improved apparatus; Fig. 9 is another vertical section through same at:
right angles to Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a plan section. These Figs. will be.
plan_section.
understood from the foregoing; a are the coke ovens as before, and 6 the
retorts; are the down flues to the floor flues under the coke ovens.
The products of combustion pass into the kiln C by the flues g, J, and
the retort gas by the pipes e. Coke or other fuel may be placed in Ca
among the lime to be burnt, and this applies to other kilns or burning.
or roasting apparatus used in connection with this Invention. The lime
alone or lime and fuel are shot in at 1, the burnt lime is emptied out
at m.
One of the coke oven and retort apparatus may be shut off while
the other is fully at work by means of one of the dampers n, o, and a
p, p, are the ventilators for the escape of steam, heat, and gases when
the lime is drawn out.
The air flues may in some cases, as here shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, and:
already alluded to be formed or placed along the side or sides of a coke
oven, and have suitable apertures leading into the same, a well fitting a
damper or valve in front of the brickwork setting, affording the means for
controlling the air admission..
'

page_text: Third. The particular combinations and constructions of apparatus
hero shewn and described.
"
Fourth. The mode herein set forth of consuming the coke in the coke
ovens, and of emptying the retorts in the coke ovens instead of drawing
them as usual.
Fifth. Passing steam through the charged retorts used in the system
or combination here set forth, mixing the resulting gases with the coko
oven gases and with air for combustion, and utilizing the heat so
produced, all substantially as herein set forth.
Sixth. Passing the gases or mixtures of gases produced in any of the
modes herein set forth through coke or other fuel on steam boiler grates,
or other grates, or through coke or other fuel placed in kilns or other
like apparatus together with the material or objects to be burnt or
roasted in such apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Jensen, have hereunto set 1
my hand and scal, this Twenty-sixth day of September, in tho
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and_seventy-
four.
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