IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC APPARAT FOR WORKING PUMPS AND COMPRESSING AIR
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pattison, of Naples, Italy, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC APPARAT
FOR WORKING PUMPS AND COMPRESSING AIR."
Sealed the 11th September 1874, and dated the 4th April 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pattison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1874.
I, JOHN PATTISON, of Naples, Italy, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC
APPARATUS FOR WORKING PUMPS AND COMPRESSING AIR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is by means of hydraulic apparatus to
convey power to a distance, all as hereafter described.
Where the steam or other prime mover can be conveniently applied
I erect a set of ordinary hydraulic pumps working at the usual or any
other high pressure. The delivery pipes from these pumps terminate
in one common delivery pipe, which is carried off to the apparatus

page_text: whereby the power is to be applied for pumping or compressing air,
and is at or near the hydraulic pumps connected to a cylinder having
a ram loaded suitably by means of a spring or springs, whereby the
fluctuating motion and pressure of the water, because of the irregular
motion of the hydraulic pumps, is regulated to uniformity, or nearly so;
the hydraulic pump delivery pipe is also fitted with a relief or safety
valve or valves.
The said apparatus for applying the power is as follows:-The
aforesaid hydraulic pump delivery or conveying pipe is connected to one
part of the same, namely, a valve case containing four valves, which
act like the valves in a steam engine, that is, for charging and dis-
charging power as required, the motion being communicated to them
by means of rod and lever connections, or equivalent means, from two
little rams in connection with another valve case, which also is con-
nected to the aforesaid delivery pipe from the hydraulic pumps. This
latter valve case also contains four valves which receive their motion'
automatically by rod and lever connections, or equivalent means, from
a cross head or arm on a ram, which at each end enters a pressure
cylinder, which cylinders are cach supplied with pressure by a pipe in
connection with the first-named valve case; the said ram has in the
middle a piston, which works in an ordinary double-acting pump for
water or air.
The whole apparatus may conveniently be fixed on one bed plate.
'
The discharge pipes from or in connection with the aforesaid dis-
tributing valve cases may be carried back to the supply cistern for the
hydraulic pumps or into the discharge pipe of the double-acting pump.
If this latter pump is used for compressing air, for driving, say, coal-
cutting machinery, it is placed near such machinery, and the irregularly
discharged air need not interfere with the ventilation of the mine, as
often is the case now, nor to be carried to a distance, as has heretofore
been the case with such apparatus.
The aforesaid automatic distributing valve gear ensures a certain
action, and the spring piston ensures an even and soft motion of the
water from the hydraulic apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Pattison in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PATTISON, of Naples, Italy, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Pattison, Her special licence
that I, the said John Pattison, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others. as I, the said John Pattison, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AUTOMATIC HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR WORKING PUMPS AND COMPRESSING AIR,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Pattison, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in- what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
".
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Pattison, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is
'to say :-
The object of this Invention is by means of hydraulic apparatus to
convey power to a distance, all as hereafter described.
And in order that this my Invention may be fully understood, I will
now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying
Sheets of Drawings, where Fig. 1 shews an elevation of a set of ordinary

page_text: hydraulic pumps fitted with my improvements; Fig. 2 is a plan of the
said pumps.
Fig. 3 shews an elevation of an apparatus constructed according to
my improvements and adapted to be worked or actuated from the
hydraulic pumps, Figs. 1 and 2; Fig. 4 is a plan of such apparatus.
Where the steam or other prime mover can be conveniently applied
I erect a set of ordinary hydraulic pumps, Figs. 1 and 2, working at
the usual high pressure, or it might be a higher or a lower pressure.
The hydraulic pumps a, a, are here four in number and are driven by
eccentrics 6 on the shaft c, which by tooth wheel gearing is driven from
the shaft d in connection with the motor engine. The delivery pipes e
from these pumps terminate in one common delivery pipe f, which is
carried off to the apparatus, whereby the power is to be applied for
pumping or compressing air. The said delivery pipe f is at or near the
said hydraulic pumps connected to a cylinder 9 having a ram h loaded
suitably by means of a spring or springs i (in this case like carriage
springs), whereby the fluctuating motion and pressure of the water,
because of the irregular motion of the hydraulic pumps a, is regulated
to uniformity, or nearly so; the hydraulic pump delivery pipe f is also
fitted with a relief or safety valve or valves j, in this case loaded by a
spring k.
The said apparatus for applying the power is shown at Figs. 3 and 4,
in clevation and plan, and is as follows:-The aforesaid hydraulic pump
delivery or conveying pipe f is connected to one part of the same;
namely a valve case D containing four valves at 1, 1, 1, 1, which act like
the valves in a steam engine, that is, for charging and discharging
power, as required, the motion being communicated to them by means
of rod and lever connections M, or equivalent means, from two little
rams F, F, in connection with another valve case C, which also, by
means of a branch f¹, is connected to the aforesaid delivery pipe ƒ from
the hydraulic pumps. This latter valve case C also contains four valves
at m, m, m, m, which receive their motion automatically by rod and lever
connections G (or equivalent means), and rod K with stops x, x, which
at the end of each stroke are moved by a cross head or arm H on a
ram Z, which at each end enters a pressure cylinder V, which cylinders
are each supplied with hydraulic pressure by a pipe O in connection
with the first-named valve case D; the said ram Z has in the middle
a piston, which works in an ordinary double-acting pump P for water
or air.

page_text: The whole apparatus may conveniently be fixed on one bed plate R.
The discharge pipes Q and Q' from or in connection with the aforesaid
distributing valve cases D and C may be carried back to the supply
cisterns for the hydraulic pumps a, or into the discharge pipe U of the
double-acting pump P. If this latter pump P is used for compressing.
air for driving, say coal cutting machinery, it is placed near such
machinery, and the irregularly discharged air need not interfere with
the ventilation of the mine, as often is the case now, nor to be carried
to a distance, as has heretofore been the case with such apparatus.
.
The aforesaid automatic distributing valve gear ensures a certain
action, and the spring piston h ensures an even and soft motion of the
water from the hydraulic pump a or other suitable hydraulic apparatus.
I will now state some of the cases where this Invention may be
applied with great advantage.
In sinking a shaft a pump worked by this apparatus will weigh very
much less than an ordinary pump and will occupy much less space,
hence a much greater pumping power can be applied in the same shaft,
or a greater economy be attained. In many cases a pump is required
to bring water from some low part of the workings to the bottom of the
shaft, or to the surface, and for such purposes the Invention is admirably
suited.
S
For coal cutting machinery, where two long pipes heretofore have
been required for bringing compressed air to and from the place of
action, and where the irregular discharge of such air often disturbs the
ventilation, this Invention is particularly applicable, because the air is
compressed on the spot where the power is wanted and can be liberated
wherever it is most convenient.
And having now described this Invention, I claim,―
First. A hydraulic apparatus with automatic distributing valve gear
to change the direction of the rams Z and piston, all substantially as
described and as shewn.
Second. The valve cases D and C in combination with automatic
gear, connected and arranged as shewn. .
Third. The cylinder with ram or niston ½ loaded by a onning an

page_text: Fourth. A hydraulic apparatus with automatic distributing gear,
substantially as described, when in combination with a set of hydraulic
pumps and working in unison with them.*
Fifth. The adaptation and application of the apparatus, substantially
as herein set forth, to the conveyance of power by means of compressed
air.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pattison, have hercunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.