ENCRUSTING INTO GLASS VESSELS AND UTENSILS WHITE OR OTHER COLOURED, PAINTED, OR OTHERWISE ORNAMENTED FIGURES, ARMS, CRESTS, CYPHERS, AND ANY OTHER ORNAMENTS MADE OF COMPOSITION, METAL, 03 OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL
Year: 1819

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, APSLEY
PELLATT, Junior, of Saint Paul's Church Yard, in the City of London,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of December, in the sixtieth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Apsley Pellatt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His special
licence, that I, the said Apsley Pellatt, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Apsley Pellatt, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend an
Invention for "ENCRUSTING INTO GLASS VESSELS AND UTENSILS WHITE OR OTHER
COLOURED, PAINTED, OR OTHERWISE ORNAMENTED FIGURES, ARMS, CRESTS, CYPHERS,
AND ANY OTHER ORNAMENTS MADE OF COMPOSITION, METAL, 03 OTHER SUITABLE
MATERIAL," within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said Apsley Pellatt, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to

page_text: be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Apsley Pellatt, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained
in the following explanation thereof; that is to say:-
I effect and perform the same by the following methods, always selecting
the one best adapted to the nature and construction of the particular article,
vessel, or utensil which is required to be manufactured. I shall first explain
one of my methods of encrusting in solid bodies of glass of any required form
the proposed figures or ornaments, always observing that the materials or metals
of which such figures or ornaments are composed must be such as will not
melt at so low a temperature as the glass in which it is encrusted. I gather
with an ordinary glass-blower's pipe from a pot of melted glass any necessary
quantity of white or other colored glass or metal suited to the magnitude of
the article under manufacture, and when it is worked into its proper form, I
cause it to be made red hot in a glass-blower's furnace, and from thence it is
conveyed in that state to a maver or iron plate, or other suitable substance,
to be pressed flat, and there I place the figure or ornament (previously heated
in a peel of clay) on such part of the glass article under manufacture as
may be desired for the operation of encrustation. When this part of the
process is completed, then a sufficient quantity of fluid glass, either white,
blue, green, or of any other color, must be poured or dropt with the usual iron
instrument over the figure or ornament until it not only covers but extends
sufficiently beyond the area occupied by such figure or ornament; and when
it shall have properly adhered and united with the body of the glass on which
such figure or ornament had been previously placed for encrustation, then it
must again be taken to the maver and directly pressed or rubbed with a brass
battledore or other suitable instrument, and should any air remain with the
encrusted figure, or the operation not be completely effected, then the whole
must be conveyed into the furnace and therein properly heated again, and
from there it must be carried to the maver or iron plate, and by means of a
brass battledore or other suitable instrument, the rarified air must be gra-
dually forced out or compressed by pressing such instrument on the external
surface of the glass immediately over the place where such rarified air is
contained, and such pressure will not only bring such parts of the glass into
a closer state of union, but will discharge or compress the enclosed air, and

page_text: thereby remove or diminish the bubbles which it had created. When white
glass is used it. will also give a clear and lucid appearance to the glass in the
immediate vicinity of the encrusted figure or ornament. Any convenient
number of figures or ornaments may be thus encrusted into one solid body or
piece of glass at the discretion and fancy of the operator, if he carefully
observes and repeats the process as before described. When this operation of
encrustation is completely performed, then the article so manufactured must
be conveyed to the lear or furnace for the operation of annealing, and after
which it may be subjected to any of the ordinary means employed to finish
the external form and shape of the solid body of glass which has been so
ornamented. The class of articles so encrusted will be particularly applicable
for jewellery ornaments, for parts of snuff boxes and tea caddies, and various
other fancy articles, which this method of encrustation is peculiarly adapted to
produce.
My next method for encrusting figures or ornaments in solid bodies of
glass, such as stoppers of bottles, decanters, door knobs, handles and knobs
of vases, bellpulls, pillars of candlesticks, and columns for clocks, and other
ornaments where a strong substance or a considerable thickness of glass is
required, is performed in the following manner:-I gather or collect upon a
glass-blower's pipe or tube a proper quantity of melted glass; after which I
form it into a hollow vessel, or what glass blowers call a muff, and with a pair
of pucillas I make a sufficient opening or orifice in the muff or hollow glass
vessel at the opposite end to the one where the pipe is attached, and at
which opening or orifice I introduce the figure or ornament sufficiently heated,
and I place it at its proper place for encrustation. Then the muff or hollow
vessel is pressed together at the open end, and when closed as fully as
possible, either by the pucillas or by pressing it with a suitable instrument on
the maver or iron plate, which will prevent any more air from entering into
the space which surrounds the figure or ornament, which is essential to the
subsequent operation of extracting the air contained in the muff or hollow
vessel. In this state the muff or hollow vessel, with the ornament enclosed in
it, is conveyed to the furnace to be properly heated, and while this operation
is performing the rarified air is gradually discharged or withdrawn from the
interior of the muff or hollow vessel, either by the mouth of the workman
sucking up the rarified air, or by the aid of a small exhausting pump which is
connected to the glass-blower's pipe, on which the muff or hollow vessel is
fixed. While the operation of gradually extracting and removing the rarified
air from the muff or hollow vessel is going on, it will be necessary to warm up
the article under manufacture untill all the particles of glass which surround

page_text: the encrusted figure are by a gentle fusion brought into such a state of union
that the muff or hollow vessel becomes one solid body of glass. This body of
glass so manufactured is carried to the lear or furnace for annealing. This
mode of encrusting, although tedious and more expensive, is, nevertheless,
more certain and correct, and therefore I prefer it to the former method when
painting or other costly ornaments are to be encrusted into such articles
of glass.
My third method or process of encrusting white or other colored figures,
arms, crests, cyphers, or other ornaments with glass, is adapted to bottles,
decanters, toilet work, tea caddies, wine glasses, tumblers, chimney vases,
candlesticks, and numerous other fancy and useful glass vessels and utensils.
These vessels may be blown and prepared in the usual manner practised by
all glass workers, either in moulds or by hand, and when the required vessel
or utensil is sufficiently formed for the operation of encrustation, then the part
of the vessel or útensil which is destined to receive the figure or ornament
for encrustation must be flattened with the back of a pair of pucilla's or other
suitable instrument if the figure or ornament be flat, but if otherwise the part
must be adapted to the shape of such figure or ornament. This preparation
being so far accomplished, the intended figure or ornament must be then
properly heated in the way before described for encrustation, and placed on
the particular part of the vessel or utensil where it is to be encrusted, and in
this state the whole must be carried to the furnace and heated until the the
figure or ornament adheres to the the glass vessel or utensil, and in this
condition it must be conveyed to the maver or iron plate, and the fluid glass
dropt or poured on the figure or ornament, as explained in my first method;
and the two substances of glass must be gradually united by gently rubbing or
pressing with the brass instrument or battledore on the surface of the dropt
or poured glass which covers the ornament; and by this application also the
rarified air, or the bubbles which it creates, are either discharged or so com-
pressed as to be hardly visible, and thus the operation of encrustation on a
hollow vessel or utensil is accomplished, and such vessel or utensil is completed
by the ordinary means employed by glass blowers or workers. When the
figures or ornaments to be encrusted are minute, and the vessels or utensils
are small, then the processes of encrustation, as before described, may be more
conveniently performed by the glass-blower's lamp.
By my Invention of encrusting various figures or ornaments in glass, I am
enabled to manufacture the articles herein specified, and others of various
descriptions, and to preserve in the highest state of perfection such figures or
ornaments as may be so encrusted, and yet to expose the same perfectly to

page_text: view, and thereby to produce a new, elegant, and useful manufacture in glass.
My said Invention is for encrusting in glass vessels and utensils white or
colored, painted, or otherwise ornamented figures or ornaments made of metal
or other suitable materials, and not for the figures or ornaments, nor for the
mode in which the same are prepared; but it is essential to the Invention
that the metal or other material of which the figures or ornaments are made
must be such as will not melt at so low a temperature as the glass in which it
is encrusted. This observation will serve as a guide for the selection of such
materials as are suitable to the operation. Other methods besides those above
described may be adopted for forcing out the air from between the glass, and
the figure or ornament which is essential to the success of my Invention for
perfecting the encrustation; but after repeated trials I have been led to
give the preference to the above methods.
In witness whereof, I, the said Apsley Pellatt, have hereunto set my-
hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty.
APSLEY (L.S.) PELLATT, JUN³.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Seventeenth day of
June, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Apsley Pellatt came before
0 our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written..
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.