Improvements in Steam Turbines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Steam Turbines.
I, RICHARD SCHULZ, of 2, Flensburgerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Ger-
many, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In cases where space is limited such for instance as on board ships, a steam
turbine is usually preferable which has in general a disc form. In disc turbines
in which the motive fluid impinges against cells on the periphery of the disc
the energy of the same does not come into full action, and on the other hand in
those in which the fluid axially encounters the blades or vanes of the turbine
body in only one direction an excessive axial pressure results, and even then the
energy of the motive fluid is not fully utilized.
These drawbacks are avoided by the steam turbine which forms the object of
the present invention. It is characterized by the motive fluid being introduced
axially close to the shaft and being conveyed by means of guide channels and
guide vanes in the turbine case to the periphery of the turbine body alternately
from one and the other side in such a way that the separate axial pressures are
entirely or almost entirely removed, whilst at the same time a working course as
long as possible is afforded to the motive fluid.
A rotary turbine body is keyed fast on a power shaft, which projects laterally
from the turbine casing through stuffing boxes. A ring of vanes lies next the
shaft, another larger ring of turbines lies furthest away and concentric rings in
larger number lie between the two said rings in such a way that the source of
power which is conveyed through a pipe in proximity to the shaft through nozzles
to the smallest ring of vanes is guided by means of guide passages and guide
vanes of the casing in its course to the periphery of the turbine body alternately
from one side to the other through the rings of vanes lying between the said two
rings in order to finally reach a discharge passage leading out of the outer ring
It is evident therefore that no axial pressure worth mentioning takes
place on the bodies of the turbines, as the pressures of the driving force are
directed alternately to the one side and the other and are entirely or almost
entirely absorbed. On the other hand a working course as long as possible is
afforded in this manner to the driving power so that its inherent energy comes
fully into action.
of vanes.
Various modifications may be made in the arrangement described which alter
nothing in the essence of the invention.
For instance two turbine wheels may be arranged in the same casing but
separated by a central part of the casing which is provided with guide passages
and vanes.
Or two separate casing compartments may be arranged one each for a turbine
wheel in which the motive fluid is introduced in the centre of the width of the
casing from nozzles into the two smallest rings of vanes lying opposite one
another. In all the examples a subsidiary or assistant ring of vanes may be
provided for any necessary backward movement which rings enclose the outer
ring of the turbine body.

page_text: The motive fluid is conveyed to this ring of vanes for the backward movement
by means of nozzles and the motive fluid. escapes into the discharge passage.
Dated this 13th day of May 1898.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Steam Turbines.
I, RICHARD SCHULZ, of 2, Flensburgerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Ger-
many, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: —
In cases where space is limited such for instance as on board ships, a steam
turbine is usually preferable which has in general a disc form. In disc turbines
in which the motive fluid impinges against cells on the periphery of the disc
the energy of the same does not come into full action, and on the other hand in
those in which the fluid axially encounters the blades or vanes of the turbine
body in only one direction an excessive axial pressure results, and even then the
energy of the motive fluid is not fully utilized.
These drawbacks are avoided by the steam turbine which forms the object of
the present invention. It is characterised by the motive fluid being introduced
axially close to the shaft and being conveyed by means of guide channels and
guide vanes in the turbine case to the periphery of the turbine body alternately
from one and the other side in such a way that the separate axial pressures are
entirely or almost entirely removed, whilst at the same time a working course as
long as possible is afforded to the motive fluid.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figures 1, 2, 3 show several examples of construction of such an arrangement
of turbine in sectional elevations.
And Fig. 3 a side elevation of Figure 3.-
A. rotary turbine body T is keyed fast on a power shaft f which projects laterally
from the turbine casing through stuffing boxes. The ring of vanes lying next
the shaft is indicated by b, the ring of turbines lying furthest away by c and
concentric rings in larger number lie between the two rings b and c in such a
way that the source of power which is conveyed through a pipe V in proximity
to the shaft through nozzles a to the smallest ring of vanes 6 is guided by means
of guide passages g and guide vanes of the casing G in its course to the periphery
of the turbine body T alternately from one side to the other through the rings
of vanes lying between the rings b and c in order to finally reach a discharge
passage d leading out of the outer ring of vanes c. It is evident therefore that
no axial pressure worth mentioning takes place on the bodies of the turbines, as
the pressures of the driving force are directed alternately to the one side and
the other and are entirely or almost entirely absorbed. On the other hand a
working course as long as possible is afforded in this manner to the driving power
so that its inherent energy comes fully into action.
Various modifications may be made in the arrangement described which alter
nothing in the essence of the invention.
Figure 2 shows for instance an arrangement with two turbine wheels T in the
same casing G which are separated by a central part of the casing provided with
guide passages and vanes.

page_text: Figures
and 3 show an example of two separate casing compartments each
for a turbine wheel T in which the motive fluid is introduced in the centre of the
width of the casing G from nozzles a into the two smallest rings of vanes 6 lying
opposite one another. T" indicates in all the examples a subsidiary or assistant
ring of vanes for any necessary backward movement, which rings enclose the
outer ring c of the turbine body T.
The motive fluid is conveyed to this ring of vanes for the backward movement
by means of nozzles e and the motive fluid escapes into the discharge passage d.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A steam turbine with concentric rings of vanes characterised by the motive
fluid being introduced axially in proximity to the power shaft (f) and guided in
its course to the periphery of the turbine body (T) through the concentric rings
of vanes of the same, alternately from one to the other side by means of guide
passages (g) and guide vanes on the casing (G), with the object of entirely or
almost entirely absorbing the axial pressure in the separate rings of vanes and
simultaneously affording the motive fluid as long a working course as possible
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. A form of construction of the steam turbine herein before described char-
acterised by two or more turbine wheels (T) being mounted in the same casing (G)
through which turbine wheel steam passes successively alternately from the one
and the other side substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. A form of construction of the steam turbine hereinbefore described char-
acterised by the casing (G) having two separate compartments, one each for a
turbine wheel (T), the motive force being introduced in the centre of the width
of the casing into the two smallest rings of vanes (b) lying opposite one another;
substantially as hereinbefore described.