IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS FOR HYDRAULIC PRESSES OR ACCUMULATORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS FOR
HYDRAULIC PRESSES OR ACCUMULATORS" to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of cylinders for hydraulic presses or
accumulators of large dimensions and subjected to very high pressures, with which
cylinders ordinary methods of manufacture cannot be employed.
The construction of cylinders of cast iron or steel is irrational because the great
masses of metal which constitute the bands around the cylinder cannot be
homogeneous and are in danger of breaking before the limit of resistance per
square inch, which they were designed to withstand has been reached.
According to the present invention I construct a cylinder offering as considerable
a resistance and having as large dimensions as required, by means of superposed
ferrules, rings, or the like which consist of iron or steel. These rings are forged or
rolled circularly, and may be made of uniform resistance.
The said rings are joined by means of tie-rods adapted to be secured to the
pieces forming the top and bottom of the cylinder. Leakage from the cylinder
thus constructed is prevented by lining the interior with a covering formed in one
piece.
According to the said invention the rings are rebated upon their edges and
superposed so as to form a cylinder, and in order to render this cylinder tight, its
interior is lined with a continuous coating of leather, caoutchouc, copper, lead or
any other impermeable material.
With the object of pressing the rings against each other and of preventing their
displacement, the press terminates in two plates of wrought iron or steel; one of
these plates forms a stuffing-box, and the other the bottom of the cylinder; these
two plates are united by a sufficient number of connecting rods or bolts.
In order to avoid the formation of holes in the rings which have to withstand
the pressure, and to avoid creating unequal pressures upon the piston, all necessary
holes are formed in the plate which closes the bottom of the cylinder.

page_text: Taking, by way of example, the construction of a press of 2 meters in diamotor.
and having to withstand an internal pressure of 50 atmospheres. In this case
I place the press vertically upon a bed of masonry in such a manner that the
weight on the connecting bolts is reduced to a minimum. The ferrules or rings
may be formed of the tires of locomotive wheels dressed upon their faces and piled
one upon the other; finally the interior casing may be formed of a continuous
copper cylinder of 4 mm thickness.
Obviously this mode of construction ensures perfect security both as regards the
resistance of each of the rings employed and the tightness, the interior casing
consisting of a single welded piece. The head of the piston being guided and the
plate of the stuffing-box perfectly fixed, no deformation whatever can take place
when the press is acting.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CYLINDERS FOR:
HYDRAULIC PRESSES OR ACCUMULATORS" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to the construction of cylinders for hydraulic presses or
accumulators of large dimensions and subjected to very high pressures, with which
cylinders the ordinary methods of manufacture cannot be employed.
The construction of the said cylinders of cast iron or steel is unsatisfactory,
because the great masses of metal which constitute the said cylinders cannot be
homogeneous, and are in danger of breaking before the limit of pressure per square
inch which they were designed to withstand has been reached.
According to the present invention I construct cylinders having the required
strength, and of as large dimensions as required, by means of superposed collars,
rings or the like, of iron or steel.
These rings are forged or rolled and are of such size that they may be of
substantially uniform strength at all parts. The said rings are connected together
by means of tie-rods adapted to be secured to the pieces forming the top and bottom
of a cylinder; leakage from the cylinder thus constructed is prevented by lining
the interior with a covering formed in one piece.
The accompanying drawing illustrates the improved method of construction.
Figure 1 being a vertical section of a cylinder, and
Figure 2 a plan of the same.
A represents the rings or collars which are rebated upon their edges and
superposed so as to form a cylinder. In order to render this cylinder tight, its
interior is lined with a continuous coating B of leather, caoutchouc, copper, lead or
any other impermeable material.
With the object of pressing the rings A against each other and of preventing
their displacement, the cylinder terminates in two plates of wrought iron or steel;
one of these plates C forms a stuffing-box, and the other D the bottom of the
cylinder; these two plates are united by a number of connecting rods or bolts E
and compress the rings A between them.
In order to avoid the formation of holes in the rings which have to withstand
the pressure, and to avoid creating unequal pressures upon the piston, all the
necessary holes are formed in the plate D which closes the bottom of the cylinder.
In the construction of a cylinder of 2 meters in diameter and capable of with-
standing an internal pressure of 50 atmospheres, the collars or rings may he formed
of the tires of locomotive wheels dressed upon their faces and placed one upon the
other, and the internal casing may be composed of a continuous copper cylinder of
4 mm thickness. The cylinder is placed vertically upon a bed of masonry in such
a manner that the strain on the connecting bolts is reduced to a
minimum.

page_text: The method of construction herein before described ensures perfect security both
as regards the strength of each of the rings employed and the tightness of the
joints between the said rings, the internal lining consisting preferably of a single
welded piece although it may be made in two or more pieces.
As the head of the piston works in suitable guides and through the stuffing-box,
no, deformation of the cylinder whatever can take place when the press is in
operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is
First. The method of constructing hydraulic cylinders or accumulators of large
dimensions, substantially as bereinbefore described and as illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
Second. In the construction of hydraulic cylinders or accumulators, the employ-
ment of a series of rings of forged or rolled iron or steel which are superposed and
connected together by means of bolts or rods, the interior of the space thus formed
being lined with an impermeable material in one or more pieces whereby leakage
prevented.
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