Improvements in and relating to Radiators for Heating and Ventilating Buildings or Structures.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1894-Accepted, 29th Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Radiators for Heating and
Ventilating Buildings or Structures.
We, PATRICK O'CONNOR of 11 High Street, Wavertree, Liverpool, Lancashire,
Engineer, and THOMAS MURDOCH of the Firm of Murdoch and Cameron, of
115 Bothwell Street, Glasgow Lanarkshire, Machine Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of our invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved construction or
arrangement and combination of the parts of radiators, for heating and distributing
currents of air in cold weather, or cooling and distributing cold air in hot weather,
and ventilating the apartments of buildings or other structures, and which will be
more simple and efficient than the radiators heretofore in use.
The radiator under one improved arrangement would be constructed all as
follows: A series of vertical parallel tubes or flues would be formed all in one
casting with horizontal flues or chambers at top and bottom of these communicating
with all the vertical flues and through which the heating fluid would circulate.
These vertical tubes would or may be formed of hexagonal shape and be stayed to
each other at top and bottom and at intermediate distances by connecting
strengthening strips formed in the same casting. The bottom part of these tubes
would rest and be supported some distance above the ground level by base feet
cast on at each end of the series. The hot water, hot air or steam used as the
heating fluid would be admitted through a regulating valve at the one end of
radiator, and enter either direct into lower horizontal flue, or the foot rests may be
made close and hollow and the inlet pipe be connected to one of these, from whence
the heating fluid would pass to horizontal flue. A regulating valve would also be
fitted at the opposite lower end of radiator to control the delivery and circulation
of hot water or heating fluid through the vertical and horizontal flues of radiator.
A portable central tube would be fitted in the centre of each of the vertical flues
and have washers and jam nuts and be open at bottom and top for currents of cold
air to pass or circulate through and get heated by the fluid in the surrounding
annular flue. A rectangular head frame open in the centre and of gutter or trough
shape, round the edges or solid parts would be fitted over the top horizontal flue
of radiator into which the central open air tubes would lead, and a flat cover
would be placed over this open gutter and screwed on at ends, said cover being
made solid at the centre and formed with longitudinal parallel rows of open or fret
work near each edge for the hot air to pass and radiate out through as hereinafter
described. A tap would be fitted over the top horizontal flue for the escape of air
from hot circulating water, and a bent tube would be attached to this tap so as to
fill the top gutter with water, and the heated air passing out from central tubes
would be deflected through or over this water, and get moistened before escaping
through perforations in top cover of radiator. Vertical plates are fitted at each
longitudinal side of lower base of radiator extending from ground level to base
flange of lower horizontal flue, and these plates are secured by bolts or screws to
projecting flanges on the end supporting stem feet of radiator, and these side
plates are formed for the greater part of their length of open perforated or fret
work for the inlet of air from the apartment to heater. Two parallel longitudinal
flap plates or valves are mounted to oscillate on binges or in bearings in the
hollow base chamber of radiator so as to cover up the open fretwork side plates
of base chamber and prevent the ingress of air, or regulate the volume to be
admitted to uptake tubes. Or if the radiator be placed over hole in floor of

page_text: apartment communicating through grating with outside atmosphere, these flap
plates if placed vertically to cover side plates will permit the entrance of fresh air
from the outside of building to get heated in central tubes of radiator. The cold
air thus admitted at base of radiátor will pass or circulate up through the central
vertical tubes and get heated by the hot water or steam circulating in the flues
annularly surrounding these, and the air thus heated will then be deflected through
or over the water in gutter at top of tubes and get moistened before escaping
through the perforated cover to radiate through the apartment. Any number of
these radiator castings with their central air tubes in each annular flue may be
connected together to form a tandem series of sectional radiators, and the same
gutter shaped head and top cover may be used for them all. These radiators may
be all fed with hot water or steam in series, or a pipe conveying the heating
medium may be led below the base of radiators and branch connections taken
through valves to each sectional radiator separately so that the supply to any one
or more may be cut off to isolate same. Or these radiators may be arranged and
connected up in parallel rows with branch pipes conveying the heating fluid from
a valve to each.
In summer when the apartments do not require to be heated, the cold air may
be admitted from outside of building through the flap valves in base of radiator
and pass up the central pipes and through gutter to be deflected and radiate through
apartment to ventilate same. And cold water may be admitted to circulate through
radiator and cool the air which circulates through it, said air being admitted either
from the outside of building or through the openings in side plates at base level of
apartment.
Dated the 23rd October 1893.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
OUBLE LETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Radiators for Heating and
Ventilating Buildings or Structures..
We, PATRICK O'CONNOR, of 11 High Street, Wavertree, Liverpool, Lancashire,
Engineer, and THOMAS MURDOCH of 115 Bothwell Street, Glasgow, Lanarkshire,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of our invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, that is to say :-
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved construction or
arrangement and combination of the parts of radiators for heating and distributing
currents of air in cold weather, or cooling and distributing cold air in hot weather,
and ventilating the apartments of buildings or other structures, and which will be
more simple and efficient than the radiators heretofore in use.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood we have hereunto
appended an explanatory sheet of drawings in which
Figure 1 is an external elevation of a radiator as constructed and arranged in
accordance with our improvements. While
Figures 2 and 3 are sectional elevations at right angles to each other through
the improved radiator.
Referring to these drawings, the improved radiator is constructed all as
follows: A series of vertical parallel tubes or flues a are formed all in one casting
with horizontal flues or chambers a', a³, at top and bottom of these communicating
with all the vertical flues a and through which the heating fluid would circulate.
These vertical tubes a would or may be formed of hexagonal shape and be stayed
to each other at top and bottom and at intermediate distances by connecting

page_text: strengthening strips a³ in the same casting. The hot water, hot air or steam used
as the heating fluid would be admitted through a regulating valve c at the one end
of radiator, and enter either direct into lower horizontal flue a' or the foot rests
may be made close and hollow and the inlet pipe be connected to one of these,
from whence the heating fluid would pass to horizontal flue. A regulating valve c¹
would also be fitted at the opposite lower end of radiator to control the delivery
and circulation of hot water or heating fluid through the vertical and horizontal
flues a a a of radiator. A portable central tube b would be fitted in the centre
of each of the vertical flues a and have washers and screw nuts at 6" and be open
at bottom and top for currents of cold air to pass or circulate through and get
heated by the fluid in the surrounding annular flue a. A rectangular head frame d
open in the centre, and of gutter or trough shape round the edges or solid parts
at d' would be fitted over the top horizontal flue a¹ of radiator into which the
central open air tubes would lead, and a flat cover would be placed over this
open gutter and screwed on at dat ends, said cover d being formed with
longitudinal parallel rows of open or fret work d³ for the hot air to pass and radiate
out through as hereinafter described. A tap e would be fitted over the top
horizontal flue for the escape of air or gas from hot circulating water, and a bent
tube e¹ would be attached to this tape so as to fill the top gutter with water, and
the heated air passing out from central tubes 6 would be deflected over or through
this water and get moistened before escaping through the perforations in top,
cover d³ and the ducts d' in head frame d of radiator, the direction of flow of the
currents of heated air being indicated by the arrows. A swivelling door e² is fitted
in cover d for getting access to fit the tap and tube e, e'. Vertical plates are fittedl
at each longitudinal side of lower base of radiator extending from ground level to
base flange of lower horizontal flue a' forming a chamber f and these plates are
preferably formed in one casting as a box frame with corresponding ends f¹ and
having end supporting stem feet or flanges f'; and these side plates fare formed
for the greater part of their length of open perforated or fret work f³, for the
inlet of air from the apartment to heater. Two parallel longitudinal flap plates
or valves
9, 9 are mounted to oscillate on end spindles or hinges in bearings at g¹ in
the hollow base chamber f" of radiator so as to cover up the open fretwork side
plates of base chamber f", and prevent the ingress of air, or regulate the
volume to be admitted to uptake tubes b. Or if the radiator be placed over
hole ✗ in floor of apartment communicating through grating with outside
atmosphere, these flap plates g if placed vertically to cover side plates f, in which
position they would be retained by stop catches at 93, will permit the entrance of
fresh air from the outside of building to get heated in central tubes 6 of radiator.
The cold air thus admitted at base of radiator will pass or circulate up through the
central vertical tubes b and get heated by the hot water or steam circulating in the
flues a annularly surrounding these and the air thus heated will then be deflected
over the water in gutter d d' at top of tubes and get moistened before escaping
through the perforated cover d' d and side and end ducts d to radiate through the
apartment. Any number of these radiator castings with their central air tubes in
each annular flue may be connected together to form a tandem series of sectional
radiators, and the same gutter shaped head and top cover may be used for them all.
These radiators may be all fed with hot water or steam in series, or a pipe conveying
the heating medium may be led below the base of radiators and branch connections
taken through valves to each sectional radiator separately so that the supply to
any one or more may be cut off to isolate same. Or these radiators may be
arranged and connected up in parallel rows with branch pipes conveying the heating
fluid from a valve to each.
In summer when the apartments do not require to be heated, the cold air may be
admitted from outside of building through the flap valve g in base f" of radiator
and pass up the central pipes 6 and through gutter d to be deflected and radiate
through apartment to ventilate same. And cold water may be admitted to circulate
through the passages a a¹ a² of radiator and cool the air which circulates through

page_text: it, said air being admitted either from the outside of buildings or through the
opening f* in side plates ƒ at base level of apartment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of radiators,
with uptake air tubes and deflecting frames, and water or other fluid circulating
annular flues, for heating or ventilating buildings or structures, substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. The constructing of radiators for heating and ventilating buildings or
structures, with vertical flues and top and bottom horizontal flues for the circulating
fluid all formed in one casting, and having central air tubes, and an upper air
deflecting and moistening trough frame, substantially as herein described in
reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 94th day of Jul. 1901
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.