matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gibson Bussey at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1870.
GEORGE GIBSON BUSSEY, of the Museum Works, Rye Lanc, Peckham, in the
County of Surrey, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
The object of my Invention is to obtain the convergence of the wheels or rollers
of skates and a softer bearing surface for the comfort of the skater, which I attain by
the following simple means, viz. I attach to the under side of the toe and heel of
the solo or footstock blocks of india-rubber or other slightly yielding material, the
shape of which is not of importance, but the size and flexibility must bear a proper
proportion to the weight to be carried. To the under side of these blocks I attach
(or pass through) transversely with the sole the axles which carry the wheels. On
each side of these blocks of india-rubber or other slightly yielding material I attach
a plate or arm with an inclined edge, which inclined edge is brought in contact
with cach side of the axle when the smallest pressure of the skater's foot on either
side at once presses the inclined edge of the plate further on to the axle, causing it
to diverge from its normal transverse position, and the wheels are thus made to
converge, which operation enables the skater to describe curves, circles, and figures
with great precision and exactness, while the flexible block of india-rubber being
interposed between the foot of the skater and the axle gives peculiar softness to the
stroke, and great comfort to the skater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Howe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1876.
ALFRED HOWE, of Castleton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
My Invention rolates to looms employed in the weaving of gingham checks and
other fabrics, in which two or more colours of weft, or white or grey and coloured
weft are used. In such looms two or more shuttles are contained in drop boxes
and it is to apparatus for changing the shuttles that my Invention relates in the
first place.
To effect the said changing of the shuttles I employ a revolving spur wheel
fitted with changable tappit pieces which act upon a lever which is connected with
the drop box. The said tappit pieces are arranged around the central axis of the
said wheel, and such of the said pieces as act to effect the changes are fitted to
swivel on the studs, by means of which they are secured to the said wheel in order
that the drop box may be quickly raised and lowered.
In an arrangement adapted for the said purpose the drop box is raised by means
of tappit pieces which are fitted to swivel on studs, the intervals between such
pieces being filled up by fixed pieces arranged concentrically with the axis of the
spur wheel. The said tappit pieces act upon an antifriction bowl, which is mounted
on a lever which is connected with the drop box. When the time arrives for tho
drop box to fall the tappit piece which at the time is in contact with the said
bowl swivels on its stud, and thereby releases the said bowl more quickly than if
the said tappit piece were rigidly attached to the wheel.
According to the second part of my Invention I emply a spring to check the
motion of the picker when the shuttle nears the end of the box when entering
therein. The said spring bears upon the said picker at the end of the back stroko
and checks its impetus, and also prevents or checks the rebound of the picker and
shuttle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FOLDING STOOLS OR SEATS AND TABLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph' Barnard Mills at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1876. A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Atwood Hardy, of Philadelphia, in the
State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FOLDING STOOLS OR SEATS AND TABLES." A communication from abroad
by Charles Atwood Hardy, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, in the
United States of America.
The Invention has for its object improvements in folding stools or seats and
tables.
For this purpose I form the top of the article of two pieces of wood or other
suitable rigid material hinged together at the centre as heretofore. On the under-
side of the top are fixed three pieces or straps of sole leather, each of which has an
eye formed therein with a slit or elongation at one side to permit of their opening
sufficiently to button over the heads of the legs. The legs, of which there are
three, are held together at or near the centre of their length by a band of solc
leather, each leg being secured to said band by a screw. Each leg is formed near
its upper end with a circular neck or recess so as to form heads to pass through
and be secured in the straps on the underside of the top of the article. By these
means a firm scat or table is obtained, which, when not required for use, may be
folded so as to occupy a very small space.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING CORROSION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Thomas Becks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd September 1876.
ARTHUR THOMAS BECKS, Ironmaster, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING CORROSION IN STEAM BOILERS."
In giving effect to my Invention will observe that in the neighbourhood of wire
galvanizing, metal pickling and brightening, chemical, and many other industrial
works the canal and other supply of feed water for steam boilers often contain
sulphuric, muriatic, and other acids to such an extent as to seriously and rapidly
corrode the inner surface of steam boilers into which the said deleterious water has
been pumped for the generation of steam; as a consequence the use of such water
corrodes or eats away the piston rods, stalks of the valves, and other parts of the
engine through which the steam passes or is in contact, as well as eating through
the rivets and joints of steam boilers in which such injurious acid water is being
used. And my Invention consists in the introduction or insertion of metallic zinc
into such impure feed water, as also suspended in steam boilers into which such
acid water has been placed. I find from practical tests that the surface of a piece
of metallic zinc (placed in a steam boiler supplied or fed from acid water) is rapidly
dissolved and continues to dissolve as long as there is free acid present. During the
dissolving of the said zinc there is but little or no deleterious action from the acid
water upon the inner surface of the boiler or engine and valves through which it
passes,
A NEW KEYHOLE PROTECTOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Runkel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1870.
MARC RUNKEL, late of the United States of America, at present residing at 98,
Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. "A NEW KEYHOLE PROTECTOR:"
The object of this Invention is, first, to prevent the introduction of spare or
duplicate keys into locks, and also the picking of the same; and second, it offers
at the same time the means for securing any portable furniture or receptacles for
valuables, such as safes, cash boxes, and the like. For this purpose I use two
instruments, one of which instruments consists in a stem having on one of its
extremities an eye, and on the other a ward or hook, and which somewhat resembles
a key. The other is a flat piece of metal with an eye similar to that of its fellow
without the ward or hook.
To apply them to the lock I proceed in the following manner:-I first introduce
the instrument provided with the ward or hook into the keyhole of the lock, and
give it a quarter of a turn, so that the hook will cross the keybole; I then slide the
flat piece into the keyhole which causes the first one to maintain its position, and
prevents it being taken out as long as the second one is in the keyhole; the first
piece cannot be turned whilst the flat piece is in the lock. The eyes of both instru-
ments being close together are united by a padlock which prevents them from being
separated or taken out of the keyhole.
This Invention will be found of great use to travellers and others sleeping in
hotels or other places, as it will give great security either within or without, as my
Invention is equally applicable to both sides of the lock, and a traveller can thus
leave his room with positive safety.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FIXING TELEGRAPIT POSTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Phillips at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1876.
THOMAS PHILLIPS, of 49, Mortimer Street, Regent's Street, London, Dentist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FIXING TELEGRAPIT
POSTS."
The posts are not buried in the ground, but are made to work in a fixed circular
socket of any known construction, which allows of a free motion in all directions, the
posts themselves being supported by strong spiral springs fixed in any convenient
manner both to the ground and the posts themselves. If by tempestuous weather
the posts are dislodged from the perpendicular they will recover their normal
position as soon as the gust is over, and from the action of the springs there cannot
be any accumulation of snow on the posts or wires sufficient to prevent com-
munication.
All the posts at present standing can be altered and worked on this principle at a
trifling expense without preventing communication.
IMPROVED ARRANGE- MENTS FOR ASSISTING IN THE CONVEYANCE OF THE SOUND OF THE HUMAN VOICE AND OF MUSICAL OR OTHER SOUNDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Livermore Shorland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1876.
GEORGE LIVERMORE SHORLAND, of the Firm of Shillito and Shorland, of Stretford
Road, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironmongers. "IMPROVED ARRANGE-
MENTS FOR ASSISTING IN THE CONVEYANCE OF THE SOUND OF THE HUMAN VOICE
AND OF MUSICAL OR OTHER SOUNDS."
My Invention has for its object to assist in the conveyance or distribution of the
sound of the human voice, or of musical or other sounds which it is desired to
convey from one part of a building to another, and is more particularly applicable
in cases wherein it is desirable to distribute the sound of the human voice through-
out the area of large rooms, such, for example, churches or other places of
worship, lecture halls, and other similar places. To this end I introduce à current
or currents of air into the church, chapel, hall, room, or place of assembly in such a
manner as that the currents of air shall assist in the conveyance and distribution of
the sound. When applied say, for example, to a church, I may convey air through
a pipe or passage, and permit the air to issue through an opening or openings
situated behind the speaker, the air passage being curved or bent forwards and
upwards so as to deliver the issuing air in a direction which shall cause it to flow
over the head of the speaker. This arrangement may be greatly varied, as, for
example, the air inay issue through an opening or through openings situated at the .
side of or at each side of the speaker, or to some extent in advance of the speaker.
The temperature of the air may be regulated so as to increase or decrease the
temperature of the church. The air so introduced assists in the ventilation of the
church. I withdraw air from the church through openings formed in the floor
and communicating with a flue or up-take, or in any other suitable manner,
may be preferred or considered to be most suitable in each case, and I prefer to
so withdraw the air as to induce currents of air from the aforesaid inlet passage or
passages to flow to parts of the interior of the church which are distant from the
speaker.
as
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA AND OTHER SIMILAR CHEMICAL PRODUCTS, AND IN THE METHODS OF CHARGING AND DISCHARGING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sivert Hjerleid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1876.
SIVERT HJERLEID, of Middlesbrough-on-Tees, in the County of York, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA AND OTHER SIMILAR CHEMICAL PRODUCTS,
AND IN THE METHODS OF CHARGING AND DISCHARGING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of that class of
apparatus for the manufacture of sulphate of soda and other similar chemical
products, in which the substances to be treated are placed in a furnace having a
circular metal pan for its bottom, and in which metal pan a series of blades or
stirrers revolve, and in the methods of charging and discharging the same, and by
means of which improvements such products can be obtained in a more efficacious
and economical manner than by the methods hitherto employed for that purpose.
According to this Invention the pan forming the bed of the furnace is made
annular, that is to say, with a space in its centre, and the flange forming the inner
edge of the pan is similar to the outside flange, and the hole or aperture forming
the inside circle is of sufficient size to allow of the product being discharged or
drawn through it. A series of scrapers attached to arms carried by a revolving
axis which passes through the centre of the apparatus, and is supported by suitable
bearings, and which arms may also carry the blades or stirrers, are so arranged as
to work in the pan and bring the sulphate of soda or other product to the centre
or inside flange of the pan, and close to which is placed a scraper or plough to
cause the product to rise over the edge of the same and pass through the inner
circle. The revolving scrapers may be lowered into the pan when the product is
ready for drawing, or they may be made to act by reversing the action of the arms,
and may be worked by levers and rods through the main shaft from the top of the
furnace, or from underneath. Beneath the pan is a culvert or tunnel large enough
to allow the passage of a barrow or bogie, and to admit of its being brought under
the inner circle to receive the product, and which tunnel may be provided with
doors for the purpose of preventing the escape of gases during the discharging. The
opening or inner circle must be closed by a thin plate secured by the usual sand
joints or other suitable means. Instead of scrapers being employed to bring the
Pavice 11

page_text: product to the inner edge of the pan screws may be used for the same purpose.
In order to charge the furnace the substances to be treated are passed through a
hopper or tube, or hoppers or tubes in which a screw or screws works or work, and
by means of which screw or screws the quantities supplied can be regulated, and the
inlet of air and escape of gases prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Perkins and Henry Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1876.
THOMAS PERKINS, of Hitchin, in the County of Herts, and HENRY BROWN,
Engineer, of the City of Peterborough. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CULTIVATING OR TILLING LAND."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cultivating or
tilling land.
For the purpose of lifting the tilling tools out of the land when required we
mount cams on the axle of the main wheels of the implement, and on the frame
carrying the tools we arrange bolts, which, whilst the implement is travelling
forward can be shot out into such positions that the cams as they come round act
against them, and lift them together with the frame and the tools. When lifted
the frame is retained by suitable catches, which are drawn out to allow it to
descend. The catches are also provided with notches for holding the frame when
the tools are at work to prevent them penetrating to the maximum depth.
In some cases we substitute ratchet wheels for the cams above mentioned, and
pawl levers for the bolts. The pawl levers are jointed to the frame, and are made
to engage with the ratchet teeth when it is desired to raise the tools.
In addition to the two main carrying wheels we provide the implement with a
castor wheel at the front, and we steer by shifting the point of connection of the
draft rope. This may be done by means of a rack and pinion, or a worm wheel and
worm, or a screw and nut, or such like contrivance, under the control of the
steersman.
To actuate the hauling rope when steam power is used we employ two drums on
a horizontal axis driven by two pinions loose upon a shaft, which is rotated by the
engine; on the side of each pinion there is a hollow cone or bell, and on the shaft
between the pinions there is a slider with corresponding cones at its extremities.
By means of a forked lever and a screw and hand wheel the slider can be forced in
either direction along the shaft, so as to make one of the cone ends of the slider
enter the hollow cone or bell of one or other of the pinions, and to cause this pinion
to rotate with the shafts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING DRESSES, DIVING BOATS, AND DIVING VESSELS, AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bartholomew at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1876.
"
CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW, of Castle Hill House, Ealing, in the County of Middle-
sex. IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING DRESSES, DIVING BOATS, AND DIVING VESSELS,
AND OTHER APPLIANCES FOR RAISING SUNKEN VESSELS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to diving dresses, diving boats, and diving vessels, by
means of which parties using the same will breathe air at whatsoever depth they
descend to of about the same pressure or density as the ordinary atmospheric air
at the surface, and also by which certain orifices can be closed so as to be air and
water tight.
The chief object of the Invention is to enable persons to descend any depth in
the water for assisting in raising vessels, for laying foundations of bridges, and
for other purposes without having to breathe air of a greater density than they are
ordinarily accustomed to, and for closing openings or orifices to make them air or
water tight.
According to my Invention an upcast pipe is brought up from the diving dresses,
the diving boats, or the diving vessels through the water to above the surface of the
water to the open air. In addition to the down cast or supply pipe that furnishes
the air to such dress, boat, or vessel, and by means of heat from breathing, a fire or
a lamp or otherwise at the bottom of the upcast pipe, ventilation is established on
the same principles as is now practised in ventilating pits and collieries; and my
further Invention is by means of elastic bands or rings round tapering screws to
close round orifices in vessels or any round orifice whatever, so as to make them air
and water tight.
It is obvious that animals, and steam engines, fires, and lamps, properly enclosed
and protected when submerged can be thus supplied with air, and the products of
combustion or breathing carried away as in pits.
It is also obvious that air can be supplied from air bags or condensed air chambers
sunk independently, and connected with the diving dresses, the diving boats, or
diving vessels, by union joints from time to time as required.
Also that propulsion by screws, paddles, men or animals can be applied to the
submerged dresses, boats, or vessels.
And that by the admission or expulsion of water into compartments connected
therewith the dresses, boats, and vessels can be made to rise or sink at pleasure.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING BUTTONS, COUNTERS, LOTOS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES OF BONE, IVORY, WOOD, HORN, OR OTHER MATERIAL."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Philippe Dupont at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1876.
ALPHONSE PHILIPPE DUPONT, Manufacturer, of Beauvais (France). "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING BUTTONS, COUNTERS, LOTOS, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES OF BONE, IVORY, WOOD, HORN, OR OTHER MATERIAL."
My improvements in machinery for cutting buttons, counters, and similar articles
of bone, ivory, wood, horn, and like materials have reference to machinery in which
the cutting is effected at a single movement of a lover by the reciprocation of
two tools.
The Invention consists essentially in the employment of an intermediate lover
which allows of the two tools acting one after the other, and of thus obtaining a
perfect finish in the work and a greater speed of production.
The advance movement of the tools is produced by two levers which oscillate
around axes and bear against the ends of horizontal shafts which carry the tools. One
of these two levers is put in motion by a connecting rod which is worked by a hand
lover; but it is especially in the mode of working the other of the two levers that
the improvement lies. This lever was worked in the old machine by a rod similarly
to the other lever, but in my improved machine the rod instead of being connected
directly to the hand lever is connected to one end of an intermediate lever which is
jointed at its other end to a rod which is worked by the hand lever.
In the old machine the two tools advanced at the same time and tightly held the
object at the last instant of the cutting, leaving the impression of their form
therein, but owing to the employment of the intermediate lever the tools work one
after the other. I thus obtain a better finish in the work and a larger production.
A further improvement is in the beam or cross head to which the rods above
mentioned are connected. At the side where that rod is situated which works its
lever direct the beam or cross head carries a guide lug in which the joint at the end
of the said rod works. Above and below the beam or cross head a spring bears on
the head of the said rod. Owing to the play which is thus given to the joint or
connection of the rod with the beam or cross head the tool at that side of the
machine does not in the movement of the hand lever issue from the eye or aperture
of the fixed holder.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN MILLS, MANUFACTORIES, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Wild at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1876.
LEONARD WILD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES IN MILLS, MANUFACTORIES, WAREHOUSES, AND OTHER
BUILDINGS."
This Invention relates to a means of extinguishing fires by fixed perforated pipes
suitably arranged, according to the nature of the building and its contents, and
connected to a main supply pipe in communication with the reservoir, cistern, or
other source of water supplied under pressure.
The Invention consists principally in a peculiar method of perforating the pipes,
whereby the water, instead of being thrown in plain jets (as it would be from
ordinary perforations) is distributed and spread in every direction from each
perforation, so as to become a dense spray or shower, filling the whole area of the
apartment.
.
The arrangement of the main and branch pipes, and also the main and branch
taps will of course depend in a great measure upon the formation of the building
to which the apparatus is to be applied, and upon the uses to which the building
is put, and also upon the arrangement or distribution therein of any particularly
inflammable materials which may require special protection. I lay no claim
therefore to any particular arrangement or distribution of pipes.
The method in which I form the perforations in the distributing pipes so as to
cause the water to be spread and delivered in a dense shower instead of in a series
of jets is as follows:-
In the first place I employ piping of wrought iron, copper, or other malleable
metal, and I drill holes therein with conical drills, taking care that the wrought iron
or other metal is not entirely pierced through by the drills; I then punch the holes
through the remainder of the thicknesses of the metal, whereby I obtain a small hole
with jagged edges all round, and the water passing through these small jagged
openings in the bottom of the conical holes will be thereby distributed in every
direction in a fine dense shower or spray, covering the entire area of the apartment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CON- NECTED WITH GENERATING, CONDUCTING, MEASURING, OR TESTING AND APPLYING ELECTRICITY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isac Louis Pulvermacher at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1876.
ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of 194, Regent Street, in the County of Middle-
sex, Electrical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES CON-
NECTED WITH GENERATING, CONDUCTING, MEASURING, OR TESTING AND APPLYING
ELECTRICITY."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus or appliances connected
with generating, conducting, measuring, or testing and applying electricity, and
consists in employing carbon vessels of a certain porosity and of various shapes, for
instance, flat or cylindrical. In the hollow of these vessels I place a bar or hollow
cylinder of zinc in such a manner as to prevent a contact with the carbon vessel.
The space between the zinc and the carbon vessel is filled with pulverized salt of
ammonia or a substitution of any other salt of an analogous action, which when
slightly moistened with water, so as not to dissolve, excites the galvanic element
thus formed. When the circle of such an element is closed an electric current of a
constant action is produced by the atmospheric oxygen absorbed by the porous
carbon vessel. The oxygen in presence of the salt of ammonia depolarises the
carbon and thus secures a constant current. Such elements I use for making
stationary as well as chain batteries, and I establish voltaic connections among such
clements accordingly.
According to my second improvement I form hollow vessels composed in part of
zinc and part of carbon, united and fixed together so as not to come in direct con-
ductiblo contact, and to furnish the hollow space for the reception of the salts
serving to excite and maintain an electric current with constancy.
According to the third improvement I substitute platinized silver coated with
platinum black for the carbon parts referred to in the second portion of the foregoing.
My fourth improvement consists in making a resistance coil for measuring and
testing the strength of an electric current from bands made of thin German silver
wire, spun by the process and in the manner as used by me for making my other
bands.
My fifth improvement consists of a voltameter or electrolytic current measurer
combined with a variable resistance changer, and measurer, and graduator of the
strengths of the currents.
IMPROVED MEASURING TAPES, AND IN MANUFAC- TURING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Cunningham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876.
ALEXANDER CUNNINGHAM, of Leith, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain,
India-rubber Manufacturer. "IMPROVED MEASURING TAPES, AND IN MANUFAC-
TURING THE SAME."
This Invention, which relates to improved measuring tapes, and in manufacturing
the same, has for its object the production of tapes more durable than those hitherto
constructed, and having the letters, figures, divisions, and other marks thereon in
relief or intaglio.
In manufacturing the improved measuring tapes according to this Invention,
layers of calico, linen, or other cloth are cemented together by india-rubber cement,
so as to form a sheet of any required thickness. The outside of the flat body or
sheet thus produced is laid over with plastic india-rubber in the state requisite for
vulcanisation. The sheet is then placed in a flat metallic or other mould, one or
both of the flat sides of which are cut, engraved, or embossed in relief, or intaglio
with the requisite numbers, letters, or divisions, and the parts of the mould are
pressed together, so that the plastic india-rubber enters the embossed, engraved, or
cut portions, and the numbers, letters, or divisions thus become thrown up in relief,
or sunk in intaglio upon the body of the rubber on one or both sides, in which
state the sheet is vulcanised, whereby the numbers, figures, and divisions are
rendered in permanent relief, or intaglio, upon a flexible base.
In order to produce such measuring tapes with a maximum of economy several
of them are formed together in one sheet, which after being vulcanised is cut or
divided into several such tapes.
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COFFEE AND COCOA BEANS FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE BEVERAGES OF COFFEE AND COCOA
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1876.
"IM-
WILLIAM WHITE, of No. 150, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London.
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COFFEE AND COCOA BEANS FOR THE PREPARATION
OF THE BEVERAGES OF COFFEE AND COCOA."
In the East the coffee bean is roasted, and in place of being ground is reduced to
powder with wooden pestles in mortars, and coffee so prepared is considered
superior to coffee that is ground in mills, less of the aroma being dissipated.
The object of my improvements is to secure and increase the advantages of such
treatment of coffee with the rapidity and facility of the coffee mill, and I thus
proceed: The coffee beans are roasted in the usual manner, and are then placed in
a strong box or die widening slightly to the lower end, or otherwise adapted to
facilitate removal of the formed cake. With this die I employ a closely fitting
plunger, on which when sufficient pressure is applied the coffee beans are crushed
to powder and compressed into a friable cake or block, which I deal with just as I
should with ordinary ground coffee, but in which it will be found the savour of the
bean is better conserved. Such discs, cakes, or blocks are well adapted for.
conveyance or sale, and may be separately enveloped in tinfoil, or packed in air-
tight boxes, jars, or bottles. Similar treatment with similar advantage is applicable
to roasted cocoa beans.
In the case of coffee the usual combinations of chicory or sugar, and in the case
of cocoa of sugar, farina, and flavoring substances may be introduced with the
beans ground or unground, and crushed and compressed with the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Samuel Weston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1876.
BENJAMIN SAMUEL WESTON, of 32, Park Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This skate has two footboards or their equivalents separated by small rollers,
the top board upon which the foot is strapped turns horizontally on the under one,
upon the front and back of which the axles are fixed into tee pieces of metal
turning upon vertical bolts or pins, and having at the front of their top ends lugs
which pass freely through the under skate board and are attached to the upper
footboard by means of slots and pins, short connecting rods, or other suitable
arrangements, and in such a manner that the turning of the top board centrally
upon the under one will cause the tec pieces carrying the axles and wheels to turn
upon the vertical pins or bolts in opposite directions, thereby inclining, contracting,
or cramping the axles for the purpose of turning curves, and also I produce the
same movement by fixing toothed quadrants upon the top ends of the tee pieces
carrying the axles and wheels working into suitable ones fixed upon the under
side of the top board instead of the lugs and rods before-mentioned. And the
axles are controlled and returned to their central position by means of two
levers pressing equally upon the sides of one of the lugs attached to the tee pieces,
and being pressed together by an adjustable spring and nut in such a manner
that any required degree of resistance may be given to the turning or cramping of
the axles.
And further I fix to the back of the skate a break consisting of a wheel of
rubber or other suitable material between two discs of metal fixed with a com-
pressing screw in a forked joint which turns in suitable bearings, the break wheel
is sufficiently raised from the ground to be only brought into action upon the
raising of the front end of the skate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS AND COCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Birkett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1876.
"
THOMAS BIRKETT, of Aston, in the County of Stafford, Clerk. 'IMPROVEMENTS
IN TAPS AND COCKS."
The object of this Invention is to enable beer, water, or other taps to be removed
and replaced without losing the contents of the pipe, barrel or other container, and
it consists of placing at the end of the pipe, or into the body of the container to
which a tap is required to be attached, a short tube of metal or other suitable
material. At the back of this tube is a smaller tube perforated with holes, and
formed on its outer edge so as to screw into the larger tube. This smaller tube
carries upon its back end a projecting cap and washer. The ordinary supply tap or
cock is formed to screw into the front of the larger tube, and is made so that when
it comes into contact with the end of the smaller or inner tube it will lock into it.
Thus when the supply tap or cock is screwed up into place the perforated portion
of the inner tube will be carried out at the back of the outer tube, and when the
supply tap or cock is unscrewed it will carry the inner tube forward with it until
the projecting cap and washer are brought to bear upon the edge of the larger or
outer tube and effectually closes it.
Another way in which the same object is effected is by merely forming the inner
tube with the perforations and projecting cap and washer so as to slide in the short
outer tube, so that upon the removal of the supply tap or cock the pressure of the
fluid or gas attempting to escape will drive forward the cap and washer and keep
the pipe closed. Or in some instances a spring may be inserted, bearing against the
back of the cap, so that when released by the removal of the supply tap or cock it
will keep the cap and washer up to the required work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR ROUGHING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1876.
JAMES OSBORN SPONG, of No. 28, King William Street, Charing Cross, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE
TO THE SHOES OF HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR ROUGHING."
ני
The object of the Invention is to provide apparatus applicable to the shoes of
horses and other animals as a substitute for "roughing," and capable of being
readily applied or removed, and which when applied may be protected from
derangement or injury in use, by the action of stones, lirt, or other matters, and
which also serves to protect the frog or sole of the foot. For this purpose a
somewhat shaped plate in one piece is provided. This plate is formed of
malleable cast iron or other suitable hard metal, and it is tapped to receive the
serewed ends of hardened steel pointed or other suitable studs which act as
substitutes for the "roughing," or the studs or projections may be cast or formed on
the plate, or the plate may be formed with corresponding recesses to hold to the
surface trodden upon. On the reverse side of this * plate or that next the animal's
foot is an overhanging or hooked projection, or there may be more than one to pass
in between the inner edge of the front of the shoe and the foot; and the plate also
carries a bar which is formed to slide on V or other suitable guides, and its ends
are also formed to catch between the inner edges of the shoe and the foot, or to act
on other lever pieces with similar holding action, and be there tightly held by the
action of tightening screw motion, thereby holding the plate with its studs firmly
to the shoe. This screw motion is readily acted upon by a key applied at the heel
of the foot; whilst the parts of such screw motion are protected from injury by
lying between the plate and the foot.
The form of the plate may be varied and it may cover the space between the
inner edge of the shoe or nearly so.
In some cases the doubled ended bar may be stationary, and the overhanging
projection or projections may be actuated by screw motion for fixture or removal.
My improvements whereby the operating parts are protected from the injurious
action of stones and other matters, are also applicable when the holding to the shoo
is by clipping the exterior of it.
PROVEMENTS IN NAPKIN OR SERVIETTE RINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Pyke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1876.
ALFRED PYKE, of 32,. Ely Place, Holborn, London, Wholesale Jeweller.
PROVEMENTS IN NAPKIN OR SERVIETTE RINGS."
"IM-
This Invention consists of a novel form of napkin or serviette ring, whereby a
photographic miniature or other small picture or name card or initials may be
inserted in the front of the ring, so as to enable persons always to use the same ring
and same napkin or serviette.
It is well known that persons often times use a napkin at luncheon and then
reserve it for dinner, and in mistake persons in a family often use a napkin which
had been previously used by another person. Now as the photographic miniature
of each member of the family can be inserted in this improved ring no such mistake
can occur.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING STRAPS OR BELTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Taylor Wheelhouse at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
TAYLOR WHEELHOUSE, of Baliff Bridge, near Brighouse, in the County of York,
Currier, "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING STRAPS OR BELTS."
This Invention consists in forming such straps or belts of proper form to enter
a V or "twitch" groove in the pulley or drum over which it passes, so that the
strap will " bind "within the said groove and afford more frictional surface than a
"flat" strap, and also prevent slipping.
Driving belts thus constructed may be made narrower than heretofore, and still
possess the same amount of frictional adhesion upon the surface of the pulley or
drum, whilst the tendency of the belt to wear away in the centre is obviated, the
wear taking place at the sides, and this may be compensated for by forming the
belt in the first instance of such size as not to reach the bottom of the groove in
the drum.
IMPROVED WINDOW SASH FASTENER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lloyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1876.
ALFRED LLOYD, of Horsham, in the County of Sussex, Upholsterer.
IMPROVED WINDOW SASH FASTENER."
"AN
Fig. 1 in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents my improved sash
fastener, as seen from above, with the arm in an intermediate position; Fig. 2
represents a view of the under side of the same; and Fig. 3, a section from back to
front when the fastener is closed.
A is the back, and B the front plate; C, the arm, the centre of which works in a
slot in the back plate, in which it is retained by the pressure of the spring F.
The front plate B has a notch e to receive the corresponding part of the arm, which
is drawn into the said notch by the action of the spring F when the fastener is
closed. The arin has a notch g, which corresponds with the edge of the plate B.
The advantages of my improved window sash fastener are that (with the excep-
tion of the spring) the parts can be cast, and require but little or no fitting or
finishing, and it can therefore be made at a very low cost, and also that it is
practically secure against being opened from without.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léonce Pierre Othon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1876.
LÉONCE PIERRE OTHON, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex. “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
According to my Invention I employ a wheel of any suitable diameter and
thickness, mounted on a shaft which communicates the centrifugal power of this
wheel by means of pulleys or other mechanical appliances to the machine which it
is intended to drive.
To obtain the power aforesaid I furnish the wheel round the whole or part of its
circumference, in the interior or exterior thereof, with air vessels made of india-
rubber or other material or metals. These vessels communicate, either by means of
tubes or by making the wheel hollow, with suitable valve arrangements if necessary.
Compressed air or uncompressed air, gas, or other fluid lighter than water is
admitted into the vessels, so that the greater part thereof is filled to obtain a force
real and active. I direct by means of eccentrics or equivalents the air from one
side of the wheel to the other, whereby I obtain on one side the chambers completely.
or partly full, and on the other completely or partly empty. By means of a lever or
other appliance I can regulate the direction of the air into the chamber desired. A
wheel thus constructed, capable of being inflated with air on one side and emptied of
air on the other side, and submerged in water or other liquid, the side of the wheel
which is inflated with air will always have a tendency to rise in the water, and
thus gives me a centrifugal force which can be calculated by the displacement of the
air chambers in the water. A wheel thus constructed may be wholly or partly
submerged in the liquid. In some cases the eccentric may be dispensed with, and
the air from one side of the wheel be sent back to the other through the agency of
cords or straps passing over one or several pulleys.
Instead of submerging the wheel in the water I sometimes do the reverse, that is
to say, I provide a water wheel instead of an air wheel, and I put the wheel in
motion in the air, whereby the effect produced will be similar although the power
not so great. This motor may be made in wood, metals, or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINES SUITABLE FOR ACTUATING SEWING MACHINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fletcher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1876. A cominunication from
abroad by John Fletcher, of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, in the
United States of America.
JAMES FLETCHER, of Stoneclough, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN TURBINES SUITABLE FOR ACTUATING SEWING MACHINES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
My Invention relates principally to the construction of small or comparatively
small turbines adapted to be employed in the actuating of sewing machines, and
washing or mangling machines, and for other purposes requiring a comparatively
small amount of power, but parts of the said Invention are applicable in the con-
struction of turbines of a larger class.
The said small turbines are adapted to be connected with the ordinary water
service pipes. In such a turbine the flume piece is fixed within a cylinder on which
is fixed or formed a branch for connection with the water supply pipe. The said
cylinder is or may be bored and the said flume piece be turned to fit tight in
position. A spindle passes through the said flume piece and also through a stuffing
box in the cylinder cover. The said spindle works in bearings in bridges or cross
pieces. The bucket wheel is fixed on or near the inner end of the said spindle below
or close to the said flume piece. The directing vanes in the said flume piece are
formed with a curvature increasing as they approach the wheel, and the ducts in
the flume piece decrease in area as they approach the said wheel. The vanes on
the said wheel also have a curvature increasing as they recede from the said flume
piece, the curves of the fixed and revolving vanes being reversed as is usual. . The
buckets decrease in area as they recede from the said flume piece. By way of
example it may be stated that the areas of the said ducts and buckets may be three
times as great at the inlet ends as at the discharge ends, the said ducts and buckets
decreasing both in depth and in width from one end to the other.
This formation of the said flume piece and bucket wheel is also applicable in the
construction of turbines of a larger class.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR SHIP LIGHTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Hugo Meyor Captain at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
CARL HUGO MEYER, Captain, of Graskeller, 21, in the City of Hamburg,
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR SHIP LIGHTS,"
My Invention consists of the application of two reflectors instead of one as
hitherto used with lamps for ship lights. I use two lamps or lights combined, each
furnished with a separate receiver for oil, petroleum, or candles, and each provided
with a reflector, both reflectors connected in the middle of the lamps.
The advantage gained by my arrangement consists of an equal light throughout
the circle of illumination, whereas the strength of the light with the lamps hitherto
used was unequal on different points.
A further advantage of my lamp is that with the saine consumption of fuel a
perfect illumination is gained within a circle of 10 points, while the lamps formerly
used are only visible at the necessary distance in a circle of 8 points at the utmost.
The form of the reflectors must be modified according to the purpose of the lamp,
whether for a side or top light; but the essential point of my Invention is, the
application of two lamps combined, each provided with a reflector of a shape and
size to suit circumstances, both reflectors connected in the middle of the lamps as
described.
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PIGMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Connell Bunn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th December 1876.
PETER CONNELL BUNN, of Stoke Ferry, in the County of Norfolk.
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PIGMENTS."
" IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to the production of pigments, and especially to the pro-
duction of a black pigment or pigments, from what is known as the phosphatic or
other iron compounds which occur in Norfolk and elsewhere, and it consists in firstly
reducing the before-mentioned or other ores to a fine state of division, and if
necessary lixiviating the same. The finely divided iron ores or compounds are then
either submitted to calcination, or to the action of heat, the same being contained
either in a closed or in a partially closed furnace, or in other heating apparatus
capable of permitting the admission of air or of steam, in order that the lower oxides
may be converted into the higher; and after having obtained such before-mentioned
higher oxides of iron, if it be necessary, these products may be then dyed with fustic
logwood or other dyeing or coloring matter, that which would dye black, or the
products may be impregnated with sulphate of iron, and if necessary with a weak
solution of prussiate of potash.