A NEW AND IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING, AND MODE OF TREATING OR PREPARING MUR GAME
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Carrington Sellars, of Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "A NEW AND
IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING, AND MODE OF TREATING OR PREPARING
MUR GAME
"
Sealed the 22nd March 1867, and dated the 26th September 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Carrington Sellars
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1866.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLABS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW AND IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS BLACKING, AND MODE OF TREATING
OR PREPARING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
After all the condensable and gaseous portions and products of liquid and
-other liquefiable at low temperature hydrocarbons, such as petroleum, paraffin,
coal, shale, and other mineral oils and tars, asphalte and bitumen, have been
distilled or driven off by heat there is left in the still a dry residue or coke
composed principally, if not entirely, of carbon. I make metal founders'

page_text: blacking, that is to say, blacking for coating the inner surfaces of moulds to
receive liquid metal and for mixing with "loam" in the ordinary manner of
the said residue or coke, and thereby utilize it.
The mode of treating or preparing the above-mentioned residue or coke
to render it more suitable for the purpose above described consists of
reducing it to a state of fine mechanical division or powder by grinding,
say with edge runners, rolls, or other machinery; by sifting, blowing, or other
means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Carrington Sellars in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th March 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARRINGTON SELLARS, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Manufacturing
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Carrington Sellars, Her special license that I, the said
John Carrington Sellars, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "A NEW AND IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING, AND MODE OF
TREATING OR PREPARING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I.
the said John Carrington Sellars, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
'in the Great Seal Patent Office within 'six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Carrington Sellars, do hereby declare
'the nature of my said Invention, and. in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
After all the condensable and gaseous portions and products of liquid and
other liquifiable at low temperature hydrocarbons, such as petroleum, paraffin,
coal, shale, and other mineral oils and tars, asphalte and bitumen, have been
distilled or driven off by heat there is left in the still a dry residue or coke,
consisting principally, if not entirely, of carbon. I make metal founders'
blacking, that is to say, blacking for coating the inner surfaces of moulds to
receive liquid metal for mixing with loam and for the ordinary uses to which
metal founders at present apply charcoal, of the said residue or coke, and
thereby utilize it.
My mode of treating or preparing the above-mentioned residue or coke so
as to render it more suitable for the purpose above described consists of
reducing it to a state of fine mechanical devision or powder by grinding, say
with edge runners, rolls, or other machinery; by sifting, blowing, or other
means.
With some residues or cokes, and with nearly all of those from mineral
oils treated in the ordinary manner, I.have found it necessary before reducing
them to powder, as a means of obtaining pure or nearly pure carbon, to
subject them to heat or calcination before the grinding or reducing to powder
process. In effecting this I place the said residues or cokes in a closed oven
or retort, a retort such as is used in the manufacture of carburetted hydrogen
gas answers well, but one of the same construction of larger size could be
worked more economically, and subject them to a dull red heat from one to
four hours; those which have been subjected to least heat in the stills require
to be heated or calcined for the longer period; two hours will usually be
sufficient. I then withdraw the material preferably into vessels from which
air is excluded; withdrawal from the retort or oven into the air, however, I
would have it understood, does but small barm. When the said residue or
coke has been heated or calcined in the manner described I have found it
economical to grind by horizontal burr stones such as are used in grinding
wheat, and to dress through seives or screens made of fine wire gauze or
porous fabric.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularized
the same, I now state that what I claim is,-
The use or employment of the residue.or coke left in stills from the mineral
oils and substances herein mentioned for the production of metal founders'

page_text: And in the mode of treating or preparing the said metal founders' blacking
claim reducing it to a fine state of mechanical division or powder.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Carrington Sellars, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
In the presence of
JOHN P. KING,
JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS. (L.S.)
Of No. 4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.