IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND WATER GUAGES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Evans, of Chobham Cottages, New Town,
Stratford, in the County of Essex, and George Jones, of Charlotte Place,
Upper Kennington Lane, in the County of Surrey, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND WATER GUAGES."
Sealed the 12th May 1859, and dated the 29th November 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Evans and George
Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition;
on the 29th November 1858.
We, DANIEL EVANS, of Chobham Cottages, New Town, Stratford, in the
County of Essex, and GEORGE JONES, of Charlotte Place, Upper Kennington
Lane, in the County of Surrey, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND WATER GUAGES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps and water guages.
For these purposes in constructing a pump a cylinder or barrel is used having
three ports or openings, one near each end, and one in the middle of its
length; within this barrel or cylinder two solid pistons are used, which are
fixed to the ends of their respective piston rods, one of which piston rods is
hollow to admit of the other piston rod sliding or working through it. These
piston rods are worked by cranks or other suitable means, so that the pistons

page_text: alternately come towards and recede from each other; when they are coming
towards each other the fluid between them is driven out at the middle part or
opening; when they are receding from each other the fluid is driven out
through the two end ports or openings, the middle port and the end ports
alternately acting as induction and eduction ways. On the exterior of the
cylinder or barrel is a valve box, within which a slide valve is used capable of
opening a way between the two end passages or ports and the main eduction
way of the pump when the middle passage or port is acting as an induction
way, and also capable of opening a way between the main outlet way of the
pump and the middle port or passage when the two end ports are acting as
induction ways. The fluid is received into the valve box, from whence it
passes into the barrel or cylinder of the pump, and is thence forced into the
main outlet passage or way of the pump, as above explained. When con-
structing a pump with two barrels or cylinders with pistons, as above
described, it is preferred to use only one valve box and one slide valve for the
two cylinders, though each cylinder or barrel may have its valve and valve box,
if desired. In place of forming a water guage, so that its two ends shall each
require a separate opening in the boiler or vessel to which it is to be fixed,
the tube of a guage is so bent or formed as to bring the two ends thereof near
to each other, and they are fixed to and through the same disc or plate, so
that the two ends may pass through the same opening in the boiler or vessel,
the disc or plate when fixed closing such opening. One end of the tube is
carried up on the inside of the boiler or vessel, so as to bring that end above
the water level in the boiler or vessel. Two cocks are used, one with two
passages through it, closed by the same plug, with two passages through it, by
which all communication between the guage and the boiler or vessel can be
cut off. The other cock has one passage through it, and is applied to one of
the passages only. The two cocks are closed at their under sides below the
plugs.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Daniel Evans and George Jones in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DANIEL
EVANS, of Chobham Cottages, New Town, Stratford, in the County of Essex,
and GEORGE JONES, of Charlotte Place, Upper Kennington Lane, in the
County of Surrey, Engineers, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Daniel Evans and George Jones, Her special licence that we,
the said Daniel Evans and George Jones, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Daniel Evans and George Jones, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS AND WATER GUAGES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Daniel Evans and George
Jones, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Evans, on behalf of myself
and the said George Jones, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that
is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in pumps and water guages.
For these purposes in constructing a pump a cylinder or barrel is used having
three ports or openings, one near each end, and one in the middle of its
length; within this barrel or cylinder two solid pistons are used, which are
fixed to the ends of their respective piston rods, one of which piston rods is
hollow to admit of the other piston rod sliding or working through it; these
piston rods are worked by cranks or other suitable means, so that the pistons
alternately come towards and recede from each other; when they are coming
towards each other the fluid between them is driven out at the middle port or
opening; when they are receding from each other the fluid is driven out
through the two end ports or openings, the middle port and the end ports
alternately acting as induction and eduction ways: On the exterior of the
cylinder or barrel is a valve box, within which a slide valve is used capable of
opening a way between the two end passages or ports and the main eduction
way of the pump when the middle passage or port is acting as an induction

page_text: way, and also capable of opening a way between the main ontlet way of the
pump and the middle port or passage when the two end ports are acting as
induction ways. The fluid is received into the valve box, from whence it
passes into the barrel or cylinder of the pump, and is thence forced into the
main outlet passage or way of the pump, as above explained. When con-
structing a pump with two barrels or cylinders with pistons, as above
described, it is preferred to use only one valve box and one slide valve for the
two cylinders, though each cylinder or barrel may have its valve and valve
box, if desired.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section, Figure 2 a transverse section,
and Figure 3 a horizontal section, of a pump constructed according to this
part of our Invention. The section, Figure 1, is taken at the line A, A,
Figure 3; the section, Figure 2, at the line B, B, Figure 3; and the section,
Figure 3, at the line C, C, Figures 1 and 2. G is the barrel or cylinder of
the pump, with covers top and bottom, in which the two solid pistons H¹
and H2 (that is to say, pistons without valves), are made to work; they may
be constructed with double cup leathers, as shewn, or with metallic, hemp, or
other suitable packing. These plungers approach and recede from each other
simultaneously, being shown at their nearest proximity at Figure 1; between
the two pistons there is a passage I into the cylinder, and there are also two other
passages K and K opening into the cylinder, one above the top piston and
the other below the bottom piston; these passages are made to communicate
alternately with the suction pipe L and delivery O by the motion of the slide
valve. This valve consists of an outer and inner shell, as shewn in section,
Figure 1, and there is a passage way between the two shells; the slide is
made of such a width as to allow a free way down both sides between the
valve and casing, so as to allow the water to pass under the bridge or inner
shell of the valve marked to enter the passage, which may be underneath
at the time. The slide valve is kept up to the face on which it works with
set screws and a slide plate, as is shown, and is conveniently worked by means
of tappets d'and d³, a levér e, and rods f, f. In Figure 2, on the side
marked P, P, is shown the slide just struck into the position for the pistons to
separate, that is, the communication is opened from between the pistons
through the passage I, under the bridge or inner shell of the valve, and thence
down the sides of slide to the suction pipe L, so that a supply may be taken
into the middle of the cylinder, while the pistons recede from each other, at
the same time the communication is opened from the top and bottom of
cylinder into the space between the shells of valve, and thence into the
eduction passage round the sides of cylinder (shown partly in section in

page_text: Figure 3), and out at the discharge O, forming the current shown by the
arrows in Figure 1 and in Figure 2- on the side marked P. Again, just
before the pistons arrive at the top and bottom of the cylinder, the valve is
struck into the position shown on the side marked R, R, in Figure 2. When
the communication to the top of cylinder is opened from under the inner
shell of the valve down the sides of the casing to suction pipe, and the bottom
of the cylinder is put into direct communication with the slide casing and the
suction pipe, so that as the pistons approach they will draw a supply after
them, while at the same time the discharge takes place from between the
pistons direct into the space between the shells of the valve, and thence out
into the eduction passage, which is always in communication with that inner
space (these currents are also shewn by arrows on the side marked n in Figure
2), and so on alternately as the pistons approach and récede from each other.
The hollow piston rod of the upper piston is attached to the piece c, which
is suitably formed to act as a guide to the solid rod of the lower piston, and it
is itself guided in its up and down motions by the fixed guides h, h, shown in
plan at Figure 4. The two piston rods are connected by suitable connecting
rods with two cranks placed opposite to each other on a crank shaft. In some
cases we construct pumps with two barrels or cylinders, and a single valve
working between the two cylinders, and furnished with a double set of
passages.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section; Figure 2, a transverse section;
and Figures 3 and 4 are horizontal sections of a modification of the arrange-
ment already described, in which ordinary flat valves are substituted for the
slide valve above described, but in other respects the parts are combined
according to our Invention, as already described. The section, Figure 1, is
taken at the line A, Figures 3 and 4; the section, Figure 2, at the line B, B,
Figures 3 and 4; the section, Figure 3, at the line C, C, Figures 1 and 2;
and the section, Figure 4, at the line D, D, Figures 1 and 2.
In describing the details the same letters refer to the same parts in this Sheet
as in the Sheet No. 1. In the chamber of the suction pipe L are fixed two
valves M and M2, where the passage is divided into two ways, the one con-
ducting the fluid to the passage I between the pistons, and the other to the
passages K', K, at the extremes of the cylinder; again, these passages are
similarly connected to the delivery valves N₁ and N³, by continuing the passages
round the cylinder to the delivery chamber O, where they again unite at the
raising main or air chamber, if such be used.
By arranging pumps in the manner above described, with a crank of, say, 6 in.
throw, giving a 12 in. stroke to each of the pistons, it follows by their 'recipro-

page_text: cation, that they produce jointly in one cylinder the effect of a 24 in. stroke;
or that of two separate double-action pumps of the same diameter, and worked
by cranks of the same length of throw, or a single pump is equivalent to four
common lift pumps, or a quadruple effect is obtained. In place of forming
a water guage, so that its two ends shall each require a separate opening in
the boiler or vessel to which it is to be fixed, the tube of a guage is so bent or
formed as to bring the two ends thereof near to each other, and they are fixed
to and through the same disc or plate, so that the two ends may pass through
the same opening in the boiler or vessel, the disc or plate when fixed closing
such opening. One end of the tube is carried up on the inside of the boiler or
vessel, so as to bring that end above the water level in the boiler or vessel.
Two cocks are used, one with two passages through it, closed by the same plug
with two passages through it, by which all communication between the guage
and the boiler or vessel can be cut off; the other cock has one passage through
it, and is applied to one of the passages only.. The two cocks are closed at
their under sides below the. plugs.
Figure 1, Sheet 3, is a vertical section of a water guage constructed
according to this part of our Invention, and also of a part of the boiler or
vessel; Figure 2. is a front view, and Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the
guage. A, A, is the top and side of the boiler or vessel; B, B, the level of
fluid to be indicated; C, the bottom block or foot of the guage made of any
suitable material, and attached to the front or side of receiver; it has two
perforations or boles a¹ and a², which communicate to the inside of the boiler
or vessel; into this block C is fitted the shell or cone of a cock b, having two
corresponding holes, so as to shut off or open the communications to the
inside; into this foot is fitted an upright stand tube c, c, on the top of
which is a passage piece d, having a stuffing box e formed on the same,
there being a corresponding stuffing box f formed on the foot c; into
these stuffing boxes is fitted a glass tube g, g; the glass tube and stand
pipe may be of any required. length; again, in the foot c, and below, the
glass tube, is fitted the cone or shell of a three-way cock h; both this
and the two-way cock are solid bottomed, and packed on the end of cone
or plug so as to prevent leaking; by turning the cock h the fluid in the tube
may be discharged without any from the boiler or vessel, or the passage may
be blown through and washed out without discharging any of the steam or
gases or vapours above the fluid in the receiver. It is necessary that a tube
should be connected to the hole or passage a¹ turned up, and carried to any
height inside above the fluid in the boiler or vessel; thus, by turning the three-
way cock so as to form a communication only between the fluid in the inside

page_text: and the glass tube, and then turning the two-way cock to open the other
passages, the fluid will rise in the glass tube to the true height of that in the
boiler or vessel, and indicate the same.
We hereby claim as our novelty and Invention not the mechanical
appliances separately, but most particularly,-
First, the use of two simultaneous reciprocating plungers in one cylinder or
barrel.
Second, the use of the slide-shaped or similarly shaped, and for the same
purpose as that shown in plate No. 1.
Third, the fluid guage with one connection to receiver, tank, or boiler, also
the use of a tube in connection in the inside reaching above the fluid, and the
solid bottom cocks to all other guages.
Fourth, the use of these afore-mentioned, either together or separately.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Evans, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
DANIEL EVANS. (L.S.)