IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus for WaRMING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHERS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE. AS ORDINARY FOOT WARMERS
Year: 1875

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18; Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris,
France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN Apparatus for WaRMING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND OTHERS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE.
AS ORDINARY FOOT WARMERS."-A communication from Pierre Grand-
jean, residing at La Chapelle, France, Machinist.
.
Sealed the 13th June 1876, and dated the 13th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henri Adrien
Bonneville at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 13th December 1875.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
5 Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, declare. the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WARMING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND OTHERS, THE SAID APPARATUS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE AS ORDINARY.
こ
:..

page_text: FOOT WARMERS,'
,” communicated to me by Pierre Grandjean, a person
resident at La Chapelle, France, Machinist, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved apparatus for warming railway
or tramway carriages or others, and which may also be used as a foot
warmer for domestic purposes.
The said apparatus consists substantially of boxes formed of several
casings, inside of which is placed a moveable fire-box. In the said fire-
box artificial fuel is burnt in order to heat the atmospheric air entering
through holes perforated in the lower part of the casings, and circulating
between the latter, placed at a proper distance apart from each other
and flowing into the interior of the carriages through openings in the
upper plate of the apparatus when the latter is used for warming
carriages or into the atmosphere when used as a foot warmer. The
casings forming these boxes and the fire-box are made of cast iron,
sheet iron, or any other suitable metal. The fire-box is provided with
holes for the introduction of the air necessary to support the combustion,
and its bottom is covered with a grate made of wire, upon which
the artificial fuel is placed for facilitating the combustion.
,
•
The fire-box is introduced when filled with incandescent fuel into the
first inside casing through a perforated door made for this purpose at
one end of the apparatus; the other end of which is provided with
another perforated door to create the draught required for the com-
bustion and to help to expel the gases produced by the same.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 13th June 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18,
Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
5
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the

page_text: with holes for the introduction of the air necessary to support the
combustion; their bottom is covered with a grate made of wire upon
which the artificial fuel is placed for facilitating the combustion.
The fire-boxes are introduced when filled with incandescent fuel into.
the first inside casing through perforated doors made for this purpose at
the ends of the apparatus.
This warming apparatns being modified as herein-after described may.
be applied to the different purposes above mentioned.
Apparatus No. 1, for Warming of Railway or Tramway Carriages and
Ordinary Vehicles.-This apparatus is provided with three concentric
casings between which is left a space to give passage to the air which is
heated around them, before coming into the carriages or compartments
through pipes which are enclosed in a casing or covered with felt or any
other non-conducting material to prevent the radiation of the heat.
The said apparatus is heated by means of slowly burning artificial fuel
of any volatil essence whatever or of oil. It may be made with one or
two casings, a non-conducting material may be placed between the two
casings, or it may be covered with a non-conducting material or any
non-conducting plastering whatever to prevent the radiation of the heat.
The said apparatus may be constructed with any kind of suitable metals,
and be made of any shape or size, according to the applications to be
made thereof.
In the accompanying Drawings A is the moveable fire-box provided
with different holes to facilitate the combustion; B, its handles; C, a
sheet iron plate placed at a certain distance in front of the chimney to
facilitate the flowing of the gases produced by the combustion, and at
the same time prevent the outer air from coming into the apparatus;
D, pipes serving for the flowing of the heated air from the apparatus
into the inside of the carriages, which may be replaced by slide heat
valves in the upper part of the apparatus. The said pipes are covered
with a double casing or with felt or any other non-conducting material
to prevent the radiation of the heat; E, bent and arched sheet-iron
plate to divide the air flowing through the pipes D; F, spring for
keeping the fire-box-in position; G, y, holes bored in the fire-box A to
facilitate the combustion; H, first sheet-iron casing; J, second sheet-
iron casing; K; third casing; L, space between the two casings H
and J for preventing the cooling of the air contained in the apparatus

page_text: by the outer air; M, space between the two casings J and K through:
which the air passes which is heated before coming into the carriage;:
N, space in which the air coming from the outside is heated, and from
whence it flows into the carriages or compartments; O, holes through
which the air is introduced between the casings where it is heated, and
from whence it comes into the carriages; P, spring to keep the apparatus
in position in the inside of the casing and to prevent its rocking about ;.
Q; chimney or exit of the gases produced by the combustion.; R, floor
of the carriage; S, slide heat valve fitted under the seats of the
carriages; T, U, V, holes for the introduction of the outer air to:
facilitate the combustion; W, fixed or moveable plate in front of the
holes T to moderate the speed of the air coming from the outside and to:
divide it at the passage U, and direct it towards the holes V to facilitate
the combustion; x, iron little bars to prevent the fuel from coming in
contact with the sheet-iron ends of the fire-box A, and to contrive a free
space between the said sheet iron and the fuel; y, holes at one end of
the fire-box to support the combustion; z, wooden bar fitted into the.
carriages; a, sheet-iron squares to maintain the distance between the
casings; b, springs for keeping the fire-box in the apparatus; d, flange:
to secure the apparatus to the flooring of the carriages by means of
screws. The bottom of the fire-box is fitted up with a wire gauze.
grate.
Portable Apparatus No. 2, for the Heating of Ordinary Carriages,"
Rooms, Offices. The said apparatus like preceeding, one consists sub-
stantially of a box formed of several casings, inside which is placed a
moveable fire-box. In the said fire-box artifical fuel is burnt in order
to heat the atmospheric air entering through holes perforated in the
lower part of the end sides of the casings and circulating between the
latter placed at a proper distance apart from each other and surrounding
the fire-box, and flowing into the interior of the carriages through
apertures in the upper part of the end sides of the apparatus when the
latter is used for warming carriages; or into the atmosphere when used
as a foot warmer. The casings forming the boxes and the fire-boxes are
made of cast iron, sheet iron, or any other suitable metal.
In the accompanying Drawings A is the outside casing; B, the inside
upper casing. The middle part of the said casing B is removed and
replaced by a metal plate B' extending a little beyond the aperture thus
contrived in the said casing, and fixed at a certain distance below the

page_text: said casing in order to contrive passages for the circulation of the heated
air in the fire-box; C is the inside lower casing, or rather a metal plate
placed under the bottom plate of the fire-box in order to prevent the
contact of the latter with the outside casing, and that the objects in
contact with the latter may not be burnt. This plate is provided with.
vertical flanges C¹ forming slides for sliding the fire-box into the
apparatus; D is the moveable fire-box consisting of an oblong rectangular
metal box, the vertical ends and lateral slides of which are perforated
with holes a for the circulation of the air in and around the fire-box,
and for facilitating the combustion of the artificial fuel placed on the
wire gauze at the bottom of the fire-box D. These vertical sides are
also notched on their upper edge, and present notches c to give passage
to the air and facilitate the combustion. The outer atmospheric air
flows into the interior of the apparatus through inlet pipes d in one of
the ends of the outside casing of the apparatus, and in the front side of
the fire-box D. This side is provided with a knob e to withdraw the
fire-box from the apparatus, or to replace it therein. At the front end of
the fire-box D is formed an air chamber f, in which terminates one of
the inlet pipes d in order that the said air may not be thrown directly on.
to the fuel in the fire-box D. For the same reason the air chamber
in which the fire-box is placed, surrounds the back of the other end of
the fire-box D and the outer air comes into the said chamber through
the other inlet pipe d. Between the end of the said pipe and the
vertical side of the fire-box D is placed upright a curved plate h to
prevent the air coming in through the said inlet pipe from being thrown
directly on to the fuel. The fire-box D is kept in position by means of
a stop spring i fixed inside to the outside casing, and the free end of
which catchs the front plate of the said fire-box, and a flat spring j
prevents the shaking of the said fire-box during the progress of the
carriages or vehicles. The outer air that has come in through the inlet
pipes d, and which has been heated after facilitating the.combustion of
the fuel in the fire-box D flows into the compartments of the carriages
through the aperture 7 made in the upper part of the end sides of the
apparatus after passing into the air chamber m formed between the two
outside and inside casings A and B, and into which it comes by flowing
through the slots in formed by the space separating the inside upper
casing B and the plate B².
g
Portable and Travelling Apparatus No. 3. called "Ladies' ". Foot
Warmer. This apparatus like the preceeding ones is heated with

page_text: artificial fuel, and consists of two concentric casings with a space
between them, and between which circulates the air to prevent the
objects in contact with the outer casing from being burnt. The number
of the casing may be increased.
:
In the accompanying Drawings A is the moveable fire-box; B, the
wire gauze on the bottom of the said fire-box; C, holes perforated in
one side of the inner casing P to facilitate the combustion; D, holes
in the upper part of the casing P for the escape of the products of the
combustion; E, J, holes of different sizes at each of the ends of the
apparatus to establish around the latter in the air chamber L a draught
preventing the outer chamber O from being overheated; F, knob for
withdrawing the fire-box A; G, squares to maintain the separation
between the two casings; H, holes in the fire-box A to facilitate the
combustion ; K, small catch spring to keep the fire-box in position;
M, little pipes for conducting the outer air which pass through the
bottom of the apparatus at its ends to facilitate the combustion;
N, springs for keeping the fire-box at a distance from the side of the
inner casing and preventing its shaking. The outside casing may be
covered with a carpet. This warming apparatus may like the preceeding
ones be made with any suitable metal and of all shapes and sizes.
.
Apparatus No. 4, for the Heating of Tramways and Carriages.-This
apparatus is placed underneath the seats of the carriages being fitted
into the flooring to which it is secured by flanges by means of screws.
It consists of three concentric casings made of sheet iron or other
suitable metal, and between which the air circulates, which after being
heated flows into the carriage. It is covered like the preceeding ones
with felt or any other non-conducting material in order to prevent the
radiation of the heat. It is also heated by means of artifical fuel or any
kind of mineral oil. Its shape and size may vary according to the
purposes for which it is designed.
6
:
In the accompanying Drawings A is the moveable fire-box; B, holes
in its sides for facilitating the combustion; C, wire gauze on the bottom
of the fire-box; D, holes perforated at the two ends and at the upper
part of the warming apparatus for the flowing of the heated air into the
carriage; E, squares for keeping the casings separated from each other;
F, double casing in two parts inclined towards the centre for facilitating
the flowing of the heated air through the holes D; G, squares to direct

page_text: the air coming in underneath and in the middle of the warming
apparatus; H, handle of the fire-box; J, spring for keeping the handle
in position; K, holes in the front part R of the apparatus to facilitate
the combustion; L, vent holes in the middle of and underneath the
apparatus; this air flows while being heated between the casings M
and N into the carriage through the holes D; O, holes in the front of
the fire-box to give passage to the air coming in by the holes K to
facilitate the combustion; P, upper plate of the apparatus; R, door for
the introduction of the fire-box; S, flanges for securing the apparatus to
the floor of the carriage.
Having thus described the said Invention and the manner of carrying
it into effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine the same
to the precise details above enumerated, which may be slightly modified
without departing from the principle on which the Invention is based,
but what I claim and desire to secure by the said Royal Letters Patent
is, an apparatus as for warming carriages and for domestic purposes
consisting of boxes of any shape formed of several casings inside which
are placed fire-boxes, substantially as above described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-