New or Improved Means or Apparatus for Making and Driving Tacks, Rivets, or other similar Fastenings.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 3rd July, 1390-Accepted, 30th Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Means or Apparatus for Making and Driving
Tacks, Rivets, or other similar Fastenings.
We, THOMAS BRINING, of 44 Pontefract Street Richmond Hill Leeds, in the County
of York, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, and GEORGE LISTER of 5, Oakfield Terrace,
Headingley, Leeds, aforesaid, Leather Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to new or improved means or apparatus for making or cutting
tacks, rivets, or other similar fastenings from a coil of plain, screwed, or barbed wire
(of any suitable section such as round, square, triangular, or polygonal) capable of
afterwards driving the same into materials used in the boot and shoe, belting, joinery,
and other similar trades for fastening such material or materials together.
And its object is to construct simple, ready, and automatic mechanism (capable of
being driven by hand or power) whereby a tack, rivet, or other similar fastening, of
the same or varying lengths, may be cut from a coil of wire and afterwards driven
into the material or materials; and also when the mechanism is driven by hand or
power the pieces of the material to be united or fastened together may be adjustably
fed or traversed the required distance between each tack, rivet, or fastening.
According to this invention within a suitable cylinder or casing, of any required
configuration, is mounted and works a plunger or ram of any desired shape and
preferably of more than one diameter. The upper end of the plunger is made to
project beyond the top of casing and is armed with a knob and lock-nut, or lock-nuts
alone, for adjustably regulating the stroke of same. A spring is also made to
encircle or surround the plunger for raising the same after it has been depressed by
hand, or depressing it after it has been raised by a cam, or its equivalent, when driven
by power. In the end of the plunger is inserted and fixed a small driving tool which
works in the reduced and removable nipple or nozzel of the casing.
Through a suitable slot hole in both casing and plunger works the free end of an
adjustable lever which is pivoted to a bracket or projection fixed to or formed on the
casing. This pivoted lever is armed with a spring and a pawl which engages with a
ratchet wheel connected to one of the feed wheels. On the same bracket or projection
is mounted on suitable studs, a pair of feed wheels (one of which is made adjustable
by mounting it upon a stud attached to a block or die working in a slot hole cut or
formed in the bracket or projection) to which the wire is conducted from a coil
(attached to or supported in any suitable manner by and from the casing) through a
tube or pipe. Below the feed wheels is another tube for conducting the wire there-
from to an apperture in the lower part of the removable nipple or nozzle, which
communicates with the internal bearing or hole of the latter, at a suitable distance
below the end of the driving tool and through which the wire passes.
An intermittent reciprocating motion may be imparted to the plunger and driving
tool either by hand or by power through any suitable mechanism such as a cam,
crank, eccentric, or their equivalents working on a revolving shaft, carried in bearings
on framework. An adjustable feed motion consisting of a ratchet wheel and pawl or
their equivalents actuated from or by the driving plunger or other moving part of the
apparatus may be employed for traversing the work the required distance between
the tacks, rivets, or fastenings.
The wire when fed to the lower end of the nipple or nozzle nearly fills the hole
therein so that when the plunger descends the lower edge of the driving tool punches
or cuts the required length of wire in an angular or wedged shaped direction leaving
a hollow or gouge-shaped portion on the end of the wire from the coil to form the
point of the next tack, rivet or fastening. As this wire is being forced into the

page_text: material the upper convexed portion of the wire is bulged over to form a head which
when driven into the material is level with the surface thereof.
Un the return of the plunger the wire is fed forward the required length of the
tack, rivet, or fastening.
By the use of the above described apparatus and tacks, rivets, or other fastenings,
the channelling of a boot and shoe sole inay be dispensed with; the tacks, rivets, or
fastening driven below the surface of the material operated upon; and a level or
ornamental sole or other surface produced.
Dated this Fourth day of October 1889.
THOMAS
BRINING.
GEORGE LISTER.
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Means or Apparatus for Making and Driving
Tacks, Rivets, or other similar Fastenings.
We, THOMAS BRINING formerly of 44 Pontefract Street, Richmond Hill, but now
of 27 St. Paul's Street, Leeds, in the County of York, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer,
and GEORGE LISTER, of 5 Oakfield Terrace, Headingley, Leeds aforesaid, Leather
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to new or improved means or apparatus for making or
cutting tacks, rivets, or other similar fastenings from a coil of plain, screwed, or barbed
wire (of any suitable section such as round, square, triangular, or polygon) capable of
afterwards driving the same into materials used in the boot and shoe, belting, joinery,
and other similar trades for fastening such material or materials together.
And its object is to construct simple, ready, and automatic mechanism (capable of
being driven by hand or power) whereby a piece of wire may be cut from a coil, and
made to act as a tack, rivet, or other similar fastening, of the same or varying lengths,
and be afterwards driven into the material or materials. Also when the mechanism is
driven by power the pieces of the material to be united or fastened together may
be adjustably fed or traversed the required distance between each tack, rivet, or
fastening.
In the drawings
:-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, Fig. 2 an end elevation, Fig. 3 a part sectional elevation,
Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively plans looking at the top and bottom, Figs. 6 and 7 are
respectively an enlarged part sectional elovation, and a part sectional plan of cutting
and driving tool constructed according to this invention and adapted to be worked by
hand.
Fig. 8 a part sectional elevation, Fig. 9 a part sido elevation, Fig. 10 a reduced side
elevation, Fig. 11 a part enlarged sectional elevation of the cutting and driving
mechanism or portions thereof, arranged so as to be capable of being driven by power.
Figs. 10, 10, 12 and 13 are end elevations and enlarged elevations of arrange-
monts of jacks for holding a boot or shoe on a last and presenting it to the driver of a
machine driven by power.
Like parts in all the views are marked with similar letters of reference.
A is the casing of the machine which may be in the form of a tube as shown at
Figs. 1 to 7, or cylinder as shown at Figs. 8 to 11, or of any other convenient shape
or configuration The casing may be made in one or more parts; two parts A, a are.
shown in the drawings, one of which is slotted at a' as shown. At Figs. 1 to 3 the
lower or nozzle portion a is shown screwed into the casing A..
Within the casing A is mounted a ram or plunger B preferably, though not

page_text: necessarily so, made in more than one diameter as shown in the drawings. The upper
end of the plunger is made to project through and beyond the top of the casing, and
it is armed with a knob b, locknuts and washers b' as shown at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, or
only with locknuts and washers as shown at Figs. 8 to 11. In the lower end of the
plunger is mounted a driver & the lower end of which slides freely in a hole a' formed
in the lower portion of the casing at Figs. 1, 2, and 3; or at Figs. 8 to 11 in the
bracket A3 as will be hereafter described. In both instances the lower end of the
driver acts as a cutter. A spring is also made to encircle the plunger B for
raising after it has been raised by a cam A* or its equivalent as shown at Figs. 8, 9
and 10. The plunger B is also armed with a projection which works in the slot a
and when the apparatus is driven by power it may be provided with a runner 65 (see
Figs. 8 and 9). The projection 6 not only keeps the plunger in its proper position,
but may also be employed for regulating its lift or upward stroke.
At Figs. 1 to 6
this is done by mounting a pin l in one of the holes formed for its reception in the
lugs a on the casing A, whilst at Figs. 8, 9, and 10 the amount of upward stroke is
regulated by the cam A*.
We will now proceed to describe the mechanism for feeding the wire to the driver
as shown in the drawings at Figs. 1 to 7, and then its adaptation to a machine driven
by power as shown at Figs. 8, 9 and 10.
On the casing A (Figs. 1 to 7) are cast or otherwise fixed the brackets or pro-
jections as a as which are respectively employed for receiving and supporting the
stud or pin which carries the reel C on which the wire is coiled; the feed
wheels D, D and mechanisms for actuating the same; and the conducting tube E. A
slot a is cut or formed in the bracket a for receiving the square portion (which acts
as a die) of an adjustable pin d' on which the feed wheel D and double ended lever d²
(hereafter termed the pawl lever) are mounted, whilst the feed wheel I) is mounted
upon a second and fixed pin ³. The die d is adjusted in the slot as by means of the
set screw d provided with the lock nut d³.
The feed wheels D and D' are preferably of different sizes. The wheel D mounted
upon the fixed stud being the largest, whilst the smaller wheel D' has a ratchet
wheel formed on or attached to its face. In the teeth of the ratchet wheel is
made to engage a pawl 7 (mounted on the outer end of the pawl lever d² and
kept in contact therewith by means of the flat spring d as shown at Figs. 1 and 6)
for imparting motion to the said wheels. The peripheries of the feed wheels D D¹
may be either plain, grooved, milled, notched, indented, or fluted according to the
shape and nature of the wire used, out of which the fastening is formed. When
plain wire is used we employ feed wheels having fine teeth or grooves cut horizontally
across their faces for indenting the wire to enable the fastener to retain a better hold
when driven into the material.
The required intermittent motion for rotating the feed wheels is imparted as
follows: As the plunger B descends its projection is arranged to come in contact
with the inner end d of the pawl lever d for depressing it and at the same time
raising the opposite end of the pawl lever which carrys the pawl d. By the depression
of the plunger and the engagement of the pawi with the teeth of the ratchet wheel d
the feed wheel D¹ may be rotated until the wire has been traversed the required length
of the fastener.
The amount of traverse may be adjusted by varying the position of the pin 66 in the
holes formed in the lugs a². 0 is a stop which may be adjustably fixed to the bracket
or projection a and is employed for arresting the downward motion of the inner end
of the pawl lever. The pawl lever is returned to the position shown in the drawings
by spring d¹¹.
In some cases and when preferred instead of arranging the inner end of the pawl
lever to be acted upon by the projection b it may be passed through the slot a' in
casing A into a slot formed for its reception in the plunger B, when this is done the
inner end requires to be prolonged.
The wire c¹ from which the fastener is cut may be of any suitable section, such as

page_text: round, square, triangular, or polygon, and either plain, screwed, or barhed. It is coiled
or wound on a reel Ű (mounted on the pin c) and from thence conducted between the
feed wheels D D through the guides or short tubes e e' (respectively attached to the
'upper and lower edges of the bracket a), tube E (fixed by the lugs e² e³ to the edge
of bracket a), to the conducting hole et in the nozzle a and then into the driver guide
hole a. The hole e' is at an angle to the driver guide hole a and it is arranged that
the wire when fed to the lower end of the nipple or nozzle nearly fills the hole a².
When the plunger is caused to descend by hand pressure, or by a blow of a mallet on
knob b, the lower edge of the driver punches or cuts the required length of wire in
an angular or wedged shaped direction leaving a hollow or gouge shaped point on the
end of the wire from the coil to form the point of the next fastener. By this means
the use of separate cutters for cutting off the fastener are dispensed with. As the
fastener is forced into the material, by the continued downward motion of the driver,
the upper convexed portion of the fastener is bulged over to form a head which when
driven into the material is level with the surface thereof. On the return of the
plunger the wire c¹ is fed forward. the required length of the fastener in the manner
herein described.
At Figs. 8 to 10 we have shown means for feeding the wire el applied to a machine
having driving mechanism of a similar construction to that described in the Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent granted to the said Thomas Brining the Fourth day of October
1887 No. 13390, and to ourselves the Twenty third day of March 1889 No. 5085.
A is the standard or framing provided with, bearings A2 A3 in which rotates a
shaft A armed at one end with the cams A× A', and at the other end with a pulley A
keyed thereon, and a loose and sliding friction clutch or pulley A. The pulley A' is
thrown in and out of gear by means of levers As A³, connecting rod A10 and weighted
treadle A pivoted to the standard at A**. To the face of the standard A' is fixed a
fender A to which the two portions of the casing A a may be attached by any
suitable means. In this machine it is the lower portion a that is slotted at a¹. All
the above described parts, the means for operating the same, as well as lever A13 A",
the mechanism for traversing the work, (which mechanism consists of a feed wheel A
mounted on a shaft carried in bearings formed in the bracket A-actuated by
cam A through tappit rod A, ratchet wheel and pawl A17 or other friction device-)
such as a boot or shoe, when mounted on a jack A18 may be of the same or a similar
description to that described in the above named specifications.
Instead of mounting the feed wheels D D and guides e e' on a bracket as illustrated
at Figs. 1 to 7 we mount them on the face of the fender A and communicate motion
to the pawl lever d² from levers A3 A4 (actuated by cam A) through adjustable
connecting rod F.
In machines driven by power the plunger B is made to project through and beyond,
both ends of its casing A and the end of the driver 2 is carried in and does not pass
out of its guide hole in the bracket A30 as shown. The wire c' in this arrangement is
conducted from the reel over pulley Cx (mounted in a bracket fixed to the
fender A) to the guides e e¹ and between the feed wheels D D and from thence
through tube E to the driver guide hole A in the bracket A. The tube E in this
machine is attached at its respective ends to guide e¹ and bracket A3 as shown at
Fig. 8.
The jack A¹s on which a boot or shoe is placed may be mounted on a slide A2
coupled to a rod A2 provided with a ball joint as at Fig. 10, or directly to a rod
provided with two ball joints as at Fig. 12, or a rod having a ball and a knuckle joint
as shown at Fig. 13. In either case the rod A2 is supported by a bracket A" and
jointed to a treadle A pivoted to the standard A' at A". On the top of the jack
slides the toe piece or rest A which is retained in position by pawl A and ratchet
teeth A, whilst to the rear end of the jack is jointed the last pin A³ which is
adjusted by means of screw A".
The required rotary motion for actuating the moving parts of the machine is
imparted to the shaft A* in a similar manner to that described in the herein before
mentioned Specification, that is to say-On the shaft A' are mounted a pulley Aº

page_text: (which is keyed thereon) and a loose and sliding friction clutch or pulley A' (provided
with a slightly coned end) round which is placed a belt. To the pulley A' is imparted
a rotary motion from any convenient source through a belt, and when the coned end
of pulley A' is disengaged with the pulley A, the pulley A7 is free to revolve on the
shaft without actuating it or any of the moving parts of the machine. When it is
desired to convey a rotary motion to the shaft A4 for actuating the driver b² and other
moving parts of the machine, a sliding motion is imparted to the pulley A' (in the
direction of arrow) from the weighted treadle A" (pivoted to the standard at A**)
through connecting rod A10, levers A° A8 mounted on shaft A20 which causes the
coned end of the friction pulley A to be brought into gear (frictional contact)-
as shown in the drawings, with a recess formed for its reception in the fixed
pulley A, thereby imparting motion to the shaft. At the same time that the treadle
is depressed for operating the pulley A' the end of a bracket A", fixed to lever A
is withdrawn from a notch A formed in the periphery of the flanged projection of
the fast pulley A which permits of the shaft A revolving as soon as the coned end
of the pulley A comes in contact with the fast pulley. But as soon as the operator's
foot is removed from the treadle A" the pulley A', is by the weight on the treadle,
thrown out of gear with the pulley AⓇ and the same time the end of the bracket A¹i
is raised and made to pass within the notch A, thus stopping the rotation of the
shaft A in one given position.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The boot after being lasted is placed with
its last on the jack A18 and adjusted to the required height and position under the
driver b². The wire c' having been previously fed into the driver guide hole A¹ and
a point formed on its end in the manner herein described. The runner A3 having
been adjusted to the required distance the machine is then set in motion in the manner
described which causes the cams A× A³ to rotate for operating the feed wheels D D',
and raises the driver 6' to its highest position. When this point has been reached it
is permitted by the shape of the cam and the expansion of the spring to descend
with sufficient force to cut off a portion of the wire and drive it into the sole.
During the rotation of the cam A* its perimeter comes in contact with the upper
end of tappet rod A1 which by means of ratchet wheel A" and feed wheel A15 traverses
the work forward the required distance between the fasteners which distance may be
varied or adjusted by a set screw as described in the aforesaid Specifications.
By the use of the herein described apparatus and fastenings, the channelling of a
boot or shoe sole may be dispensed with, the fastenings driven when required below
the surface of the material operated upon, and a level or ornamental sole or surface
produced.
In the drawings we have shown mechanism applicable for the boot and shoe trades
but it may be used in other trades such as the joinery and belting for fastening two
or more pieces of material together.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The mechanism substantially as herein described forming the improved means or
apparatus for pointing and afterwards cutting a tack or other similar fastener from a
coil of wire by the same tool or driver that is employed for inserting it into the
material or article operated upon, said mechanism consisting essentially of a vertical
adjustable spring plunger (armed with a driver) mounted in a casing so as to be
capable of being reciprocated by hand or power, a pair of adjustable feed wheels
intermittently actuated by a pawl lever, or its equivalent, a guiding tube and means as
described for guiding the wire from the reel into the path of the driving tool, all
arranged and operated substantially as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The method of forming tacks or other similar fasteners of the same or varying
lengths from a coil of wire by the mechanisu substantially as herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which the wire is automatically and
intermittently fed in an angular direction in the path of the driver, so that the driver

page_text: in descending first cuts off a portion of the wire and then drives it into the material
or article operated upon, and at the same time that the cutting operation takes place
a point is formed on the wire prior to it again being fed into the path of the driver.
3. In a tacking machine such as herein described the combination with a driver
such as 2 and the means for actuating the same substantially as herein described, of
the adjustable feed wheels such as DD, pawl lever such as d² and parts connected
therewith, tube E, and guides such as e e¹, for automatically feeding and conducting
the wire from a reel such as C into the path of the driver so that a portion of the wire
may be cut off and driven into the material or article as the said driver descends.
4. The arrangement and combination of the various parts forming the machine as a
whole substantially as herein described and illustrated at Figures 1 to 3 and 8 to 10.
Dated this Second day of July 1890.
THOMAS
RRINING.
GEORGE LISTER.
By W. Fairburn-Hart,
Agent.