IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOL
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lawrence Engel of Mumford Court Milk Street in the
City of London for an Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOL "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lawrence Engel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1882.
LAWRENCE ENGEL of Mumford Court Milk Street in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
"
This invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas and parasols.
I form the joints connecting ribs of the "Paragon" form with the top notch in
the following manner.
A tee piece is attached to the end of each rib; by placing the stem of the tee
piece in the trough of the rib and securely fixing it by pressure with tools. The
head of the tee piece is drilled through to receive the joint wire.
The top notch has two flanges and the tee heads of the ribs are received between
the flanges, the stems of the tee pieces being bent inwards. A joint wire threaded*
through the holes drilled in the beads of the ribs ties them in securely.
Or the top notch may be made without flanges in which case the joint wire is
passed through eyes in a pin which secures the top notch to the stick.
When solid wire ribs are employed the tee head to the rib may be produced from
the substance of the rib itself.
The joints which connect the stretchers with the runner I also form with
tee pieces the heads entering between flanges and being tied in with a joint wire.
Sometimes to allow the stretchers to lie close against the stick I notch the upper
flange of the runner.
The joints between the stretchers and the ribs I form by splitting the trough
end of the Paragon stretcher and inserting a middle piece. The stem of the middle
piece is placed in the trough end of the stretcher and secured by pressure with
tools. Thus a double fork is made; this embraces a corresponding bit provided
upon the rib and a joint pin or rivet is inserted through the whole.

page_text: The eye upon the rib for the attachment of the silk or covering I form on the
outer side of the rib. The rib is perforated a doubled wire to form the eye is passed
through, and the ends of the wire are secured in the trough of the rib by pressure
with tools.
By placing the eye on the exterior of the rib I avoid liability to chafe the
stick and I allow the ends of the ribs. to lie closer against the stick than they
otherwise would.
My improvements all tend to reduce the size of umbrellas, admitting of their
being made slimmer and of more elegant appearance without sacrifice of strength
or increase of cost.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Lawrence Engel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th June
1883.
LAWRENCE ENGEL of Mumford Court Milk Street in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas and parasols.
I form the joints connecting ribs of the Paragon form with the top notch in the
following manner.
A tee piece is attached to the end of each rib by placing the stem of the tee piece
in the trough of the rib and securely fixing it by pressure with tools. The head of
the tee piece is drilled through to receive the joint wire.
The top notch has two flanges and the tee heads of the ribs are received between
the flanges, the stems of the tee pieces being bent inwards. A joint wire threaded
through the holes drilled in the heads of the ribs ties them in securely.
In the annexed drawings these parts are shown to a scale of about twice the
actual size.
Figures 1 show the tee piece separately. Figures 2 show the end of the rib with
the tee piece secured in its place. Figures 3 show the top notch separately and
Figure 4 shows the top notch with the ribs secured to it by means of the joint
wire. Sometimes in place of forming the T piece with a stem entering within the
trough of the rib I secure it to the rib by lapping the stem around the end of the
rib as is shown by the Figures 10 and 20.
Sometimes also I form the end of the rib in the manner shown by the Figures 5
that is to say: in place of fixing on a separate perforated tee head as shown by the
Figures 2 I obtain a like result by flattening and shaping the end of the trough
or Paragon or steel rib folding it over and closing it in the trough. This con-
struction is fully shown by these figures. I do not however claim this method of
shaping the end of a rib or of a stretcher.
The top notch may be dispensed with in which case the joint wire is secured to
the stick by staples.
Figure 6 shows an elevation partly in section of this arrangement.
When solid wire ribs are employed the tee head to the rib may be produced from
the substance of the rib itself.
Figures 7 show the end of a rib made in this way. The tee end is fashioned by
stamping the wire with dies and the passage through the head is then drilled.
The joints which connect the stretchers with the runner I also form with tee
pieces the heads entering between flanges and being tied in with a joint wire.
The tee ends of the stretchers may be made similarly to the rib end represented
by the Figures 2 and 2ª by the insertion of a separate piece or I may produce a
like result by a method of construction similar to that described in respect to
Figures 5 the metal of the trough rib being flattened and bent over.
Figures 8 represent a stretcher end produced in this manner, Figure 9 is an
elevation of the runner and Figure 10 shows the same together with the stretcher
ends bound to it by means of the joint wire.
Sometimes to allow the stretchers to lie close against the stick I notch the upper
flange of the runner.
The joints between the stretchers and the ribs I form by splitting the trough
end of the Paragon stretcher and inserting a middle piece. The stem of the middle
piece is placed in the trough end of the stretcher and secured by pressure with
tools. Thus a double fork is made, this embraces a corresponding bit provided
upon the rib and a joint pin or rivet is inserted through the whole.

page_text: Figures 11 show the double fork thus formed at the end of the stretcher which
is to be jointed to the rib. Figure 12 is a side elevation of portions of the
stretcher and rib with the joint connecting them. The rib closes down upon the
back of the trough of the stretcher.
The eye upon the rib for the attachment of the silk or covering I form on the
outer side of the rib. The rib is perforated, a doubled wire to form the eye is
passed through and the ends of the wire are secured in the trough of the rib by
pressure with tools.
By placing the eye on the exterior of the rib I avoid liability to chafe the
stick and I allow the ends of the ribs to lie closer against the stick than they
otherwise would.
Figures 13 represent the end of the rib with the eye formed in this manner on
the outer side of the rib.
My improvements all tend to reduce the size of umbrellas admitting of their
being made slimmer and of more elegant appearance without sacrifice of strength
or increase of cost. My improvements tend also to render umbrellas more durable
as the cover is not liable to be cut by the runner and top notch as is the case with
umbrellas of the ordinary construction.
What I claim is :-
First The methods of forming the joint at the top notch substantially as
described.
Second-The method of forming the joint at the runner substantially as
described.
Third The method of forming the end of the stretcher to connect with the rib
substantially as described.
Fourth-The runner as represented in Figure 9.
Fifth The eye on the exterior of the rib and the method of forming the same
substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Lawrence Engel have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty third day of June in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
T
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