IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Baker and Joseph Allen Baker, of 14, Tabernacle
Walk, in the City of London, and County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO ENGINES AND PUMPS." (A com-
munication from abroad by Addison G. Waterhouse and Benjamin B. Brewer,
both of Sacramento, State of California, United States of America.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Baker and Joseph
Allen Baker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July
1879.
"
JOSEPH BAKER and JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER, of 14, Tabernacle Walk, in the City
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO
of London, and County of Middlesex.
ENGINES AND PUMPS." (A communication from abroad by Addison G. Waterhouse
and Benjamin B. Brewer, both of Sacramento, State of California, United States of
America.)
Engines made in accordance with this Invention are exceedingly simple, and have
very few parts.
In a single acting engine we prefer to leave one end of the cylinder open, and
through this the connecting rod (which is jointed direct on to the piston, as in the
ordinary trunk engine) works; the other end of the cylinder is preferably reduced
in diameter and extended, and in the thickness of metal in this extension are the
ports opening into the reduced portion of the cylinder which forms the valve
In this chamber
chamber. One of these ports is nearer the piston than the other.
is an aunular valve, through the centre of which the piston rod passes into an
extension of the valve chamber, which is reduced and prolonged. The end of the
piston rod is enlarged, so as to fill, or nearly so, the prolongation of the valve
chamber, and form a guide to steady the piston. On the side of the piston nearest
the valve chamber is a projection which is intended to enter the valve chamber to
move the valve. The action is as follows:-Steam or other fluid pressure being
introduced through the port nearest the piston, the latter is driven forward, turning
the crank in the ordinary manner, and drawing the enlarged part of the piston rod
with it. This enlarged part or "head," when nearly arrived at the termination of
its stroke, comes into contact with the valve and carries it along with it, thus
covering the induction or pressure port, and opening the eduction or exhaust port;

page_text: on the return of the piston the exhaust fluid passes through the opening or
openings in the valve, and out through the exhaust port. The valve is moved
back by the projection on the piston (before alluded to) coming into contact
with it.
_ The engine.as above described can be used as a pump, the action being of course
_reversed: To form a double-acting-engine--we prefer to use the cylinder as before
-described,-but continue the valve-chamber, which terminates in a second cylinder,
the whole being formed of a single casting, and two pistons being used and connected
-together-by one piston-rod, the "head" being now in the centre of the rod. When-
the "head" is in the centre of the piston rod, it may be found convenient to apply
packing rings to it, as hereafter mentioned, in connection with the valve.
Two valves may be used, one for each cylinder; the action is as before. The
power can be taken off in any convenient manner,. as is easily seen.
This engine also would form a complete double acting pump, the action being
reversed as before.
We generally place a washer loosely round the piston rod for the "head" to strike
against, to prevent it passing through the valve if the hole in the latter be large.
The form of valve can be varied, and in some forms we prefer to employ one or
more Ramsbottom or other packing rings, for the purpose of keeping the valve
steam-tight.
It will be seen that this form of engine or pump may be considerably varied
without departing from the essential parts of this Invention, a few of which we
indicate below. One of such modifications consists in making the single-acting
engine first described into a condensing engine by simply enlarging the piston rod
"head" and recess in which it works, so as to form an air pump and connecting the
exhaust with this either directly or with an intervening condenser, in any conve-
nient manner.
A very simple pump is formed by taking the cylinders as first described, but
terminating at the valve and dispensing with the piston rod and "head," et
cetera.
The piston is formed, as before, with the projection for working the valve, and on
the opposite side another projection is formed and continued through the cover of
the pump barrel or cylinder, forming in fact the piston rod; a recess extends through
the projection, piston, and piston-rod, the outer end of the rod being closed. A
washer is placed beyond the valve, and to this are fastened the two ends of a rod
bent at the other end and forming a fork, like a common hair-pin; this passes free
in the recess in the piston rod, and a cross pin passed through the near end thereof
catches the top of the fork, pulls, the washer, and so moves the valve, which is
returned by the projection on the piston as before. Another modification is to use
the single-acting engine, and use the piston rod "head" as the. plunger of a pump
for feeding a boiler or for other purposes.
-We-have-described-a-method-of-producing-rotary-motion by means of a connecting
rod, et cetera, but it will be seen that this form of engine is suitable for producing
a reciprocating motion only if desirable.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Baker and Joseph Allen Baker in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th January 1880.
"
JOSEPH BAKER and JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER, of 14, Tabernacle Walk, in the City
of London, and County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO
ENGINES AND PUMPS." (A communication from abroad by Addison G. Waterhouse
and Benjamin B. Brewer, both of Sacramento, State of California, United States of
America.)
Engines made in accordance with this Invention are exceedingly simple and have
Reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation
of a single acting vertical engine made upon our improved plan; Fig. 2 is a
sectional elevation of a double acting engine, shown horizontally; Fig. 3 is a
modification of the single acting engine; this could also be used as a pump; Figs. 4
and 5 are two forms of valve.
DESCRIPTION.
The steam or other fluid pressure being admitted to the pipe a, Fig. 1 passes
through the open port and into the cylinder C and raises the piston S, thus giving
motion through the connecting rod and crank to the shaft and fly wheel, et cetera.
When the piston S approaches the end of its stroke at the top end of the cylinder,
the head N upon the piston rod R comes in contact with the valve V (or the washer
K if it be used), drawing it up with it, and closing the pressure port at a, and
opening the exhaust port at b. As the piston descends the steam escapes round the
piston rod through the opening or openings in the valve V, and out through the
port b. When the piston S approaches the bottom of its stroke, the projection H
strikes the upper surface of the valve V, driving it back to its former position, and
so closing the exhaust port and opening the pressure port. This engine can be made
into a condensing engine by enlarging the piston rod head N and recess in which it
works, so as to form an air pump, and connecting the exhaust with this, a condenser
being placed between when required in any convenient manner. Sometimes the
head N is used as the plunger of a pump for feeding the boiler or for other purposes,
the projection P forming the barrel and suitable valves being added. The engine
also, as shown in Fig. 1, can be used as a pump by merely reversing the application
of the power, as by placing a driving belt from an engine or revolving pulley round
the fly wheel or pulley of this pump. The action of the engine, as shown at Fig. 2,
is similar to that of Fig: 1, another valve and cylinder being added to the first one,
the two cylinders and valve chambers, et cetera, being preferably formed in one
casting. The steam enters by the pipe a, and is acting upon the piston shown at
the left hand side of the Drawing, the steam contained in the cylinder at the right
hand side meantime exhausting into and through the port b. The power from this
form of engine can be taken off from one or both ends by ordinary means, such as
connecting rods (as shown at one end only in the Drawing), so that two shafts
could be driven simultaneously from the one engine without the intervention of
gearing.
This form of engine, though shown horizontal, could of course be used vertically
also.
Fig. 3 can be used either as a pump or engine, the valve being worked by means
of the bent rod L and washer K one way, and returned by the projection H on the
piston S, as before. Figs. 4 and 5 show two forms of valve; these may however be
modified to suit circumstances. In Fig. 5 it is sometimes better to use Ramsbottom

page_text: or other form of packing ringe in the periphery of the valve; this remark applies
also to the piston S and piston head N. When two of these engines are made to
work together, we find it practicable to arrange them so that one can be made to
Lexhaust-into-the-other, thus-working-the-steam-expansively. When required we
place a suitable stop to keep the valve from being jerked out of its chamber. The
whole-engine or pump and action thereof is so simple, and the Drawings so explicit,
that we do not consider any further description of the parts necessary.
- CLAIMS.-
Having now fully described and illustrated the Invention which has been com-
municated to us, and the best manner known to us of carrying it into effect; we
wish it to be understood that what we claim and desire to protect under the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The valve V and its chamber and ports a and b, substantially as set forth
and shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5.
2nd. The combination of the projection H, piston rod R, and head N, for the
purpose of working said valve V, substantially as set forth and shown.
3rd. The combination of piston rod R, head N, and recessed' projection of valve
chamber P, for the purpose of steadying the piston S in its movements.
4th. The washer K used in conjunction with valve V.
5th. The valve motion as in Fig. 3, consisting essentially of projection H, cross
pin H¹, bent rod L, and washer K.
6th. The combination of recessed projection of valve chamber P, plunger or
piston N, and rod R, forming (with the addition of suitable valves) a pump.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Baker and Joseph Allen Baker, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of January, in the year of
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
ALFRED J. BOULT,
Of the Firm of
Wm. P. Thompson & Co.,
Solicitors of Patents,
323, High Holborn,
London,
&
6, Lord St.,
Liverpool.
JOSEPH BAKER.
(L.S.)
JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER (L.S.)