IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR FLESHING AND FRIZING SHEEP AND OTHER SKINS AND HIDES, AND FOR STRIKING OUT SKIVERS AND ROANS PREPARATORY TO DYEING AND AFTER DYEING
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Turner, of Lenton, in the County of
Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR FLESHING AND FRIZING SHEEP AND OTHER SKINS AND HIDES,
AND FOR STRIKING OUT SKIVERS AND ROANS PREPARATORY TO DYEING AND
AFTER DYEING."
Sealed the 23rd January 1874, and dated the 17th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th November 1873.
I, CHARLES TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR FLESHING AND FRIZING SHEEP AND OTHER SKINS
AND HIDES, AND FOR STRIKING OUT SKIVERS AND ROANS PREPARATORY TO DYEING
AND AFTER DYEING," to be as follows:-
My improved machinery and apparatus consists of a framing, which
supports at its upper end a shaft carrying excentrics, which give rising

page_text: and falling movements to L levers, to which are attached connecting
links, which carry one or more knives or rubbers, each of which at one
end are connected to the pin of a crank, the axle of which is carried by
the framing. This crank, besides being connected to the knife or rubber,
or knives or rubbers before named, also carries one end of a link which
has its other end attached to the lower end of a right-angled lever, which
is operated by one of the connecting links attached to one of the rising
and falling L levers first named. The excentric shaft is provided with
fast and loose pulleys to receive a belt from any prime mover.
On the
opposite side of the framing to the excentric shaft are brackets forming
or carrying bearings for the axle of a drum or cylinder. There is a
groove or slot in the drum lengthwise, into which slot portion of the skin
is placed, and is held fast therein by a strip of wood or metal secured by
clips or other equivalent contrivance. Between the drum and the
framing is a steel or other metal bar carried by levers working on axles
in the framing. This bar is arranged so as to be thrown close to the
knives or rubbers, or quite clear to allow room for the workman to place
the skin between the bar and the knives or rubbers. This bar may be
held clear by a foot lever or other equivalent contrivance, and may be
held to the knives or rubbers by means of springs or weights. An
.intermittent motion is given to the drum by means of a ratchett wheel
at one or both ends, each operated by a driver worked by an excentric on
the shaft first named.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office on 2
the 15th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TURNER, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of 3
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Turner, Her special licence
that I, the said Charles Turner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Turner, my executors, 3

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR FLESHING AND FRIZING SHEEP AND OTHER SKINS
AND HIDES, AND FOR STRIKING OUT SKIVERS AND ROANS PREPARATORY TO DYEING
AND AFTER DYEING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Turner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Turner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings
forming a part of this Specification:-
My improved machinery and apparatus consists of a framing, which
supports at its upper end a shaft carrying excentrics, which give rising and
falling movements to L levers, to which are attached connecting links,
which carry one or more knives or rubbers, each of which at one end are
connected to the pin of a crank, the axle of which is carried by the
framing. This crank, besides being connected to the knife or rubber, or
knives or rubbers before named, also carries one end of a link which has
its other end attached to the lower end of a right-angled lever, which is
operated by one of the connecting links attached to one of the rising and
falling L levers first named. The excentric shaft is provided with fast and
loose pulleys to to receive a belt from any prime mover. On the opposite
side of the framing to the excentric shaft are brackets forming or
carrying bearings for the axle of a drum or cylinder. There is a groove
or slot in the drum lengthwise, into which slot a portion of the skin is
placed, and is held fast therein by a strip of wood or metal secured by
clips or other equivalent contrivance. Between the drum and the
framing is a steel or other metal bar carried by levers working on axles
in the framing. This bar is arranged so as to be thrown close to the
knives or rubbers or quite clear to allow room for the workman to place

page_text: the skin between the bar and the knives or rubbers. This bar may be
held clear by a foot lever or other equivalent contrivance, and may be
held close to the knives or rubbers by means of springs or weights. An
intermittent motion is given to the drum by means of a ratchet wheel at
one or both ends, each operated by a driver worked by an excentric on
the shaft first named.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a machine constructed as
follows:-
-
Figure 1 is a front view of the machine; Figure 2, a view at the right
end of the machine; Figure 3 shows the back of one of the knife bars
and knife; Figure 4, a sectional view of the same; and Figures 5 and 6
shew end views of the reverse fluted rollers herein-after mentioned.
My improved machine and apparatus consists of a pair of stan-
dards A, A, connected at their upper ends to a tie bar A¹, to which are
secured bearings for a shaft B carrying at each end an excentric or
crank B¹, which is connected by a link to the outer arm of a right
angled lever C, which is connected to a shorter link hinged to the
outer end of a knife bar D. Each knife bar is also attached on its upper
edge to the lower ends of two links, which have rising and falling
movements given them through their upper ends being attached to
excentrics or cranks B2, B³, on the shaft B. Such movements, combined
with the to-and-fro movements communicated by the excentrics or
cranks B', cause the excentrics B³ to revolve within the straps at each
end of the bar D, each of which has a knife D' securely attached to it
by bolts passed through holes near its upper edge, and through holes in
the bar near the lower edge of the bar. At the back are studs through
which set screws are passed by which the edge of the knife is adjusted.
The axles of the outer excentrics B³ revolve in bearings in the
standards A, and the axles of the inner excentrics revolve in bearings in
the lower end of a bracket A secured to the centre of the tic bar A7.
The shaft B is provided near each end with a fly wheel, and near one
end a fast pulley and a loose one to receive a belt from any prime mover.
In front of the knives is a cylinder E, which is partly cut away in
Figure 1 to shew the connections of knife bar, excentrics, and links.
The axle of the cylinder revolves in bearings on brackets E¹ secured to
the standards, a slow rotary movement being given it by a toothed

page_text: wheel E fast on one end of the axle, being driven by a worm E* carried
on the lower part of a vertical shaft revolving in bearing brackets
secured to the right end standard, the upper part of the shaft being
provided with a toothed wheel E' driven by a worm E³ on the excentric
or crank shaft B. Between the cylinder and the knives is a steel or
other metal bar, or it may be a wood bar G faced with brass or other
metal, and carried by levers G¹ working on or carried by an axle G³.
The face of the bar G is held close to the edge of the knives by springs
secured to the standards pressing upon the levers G³. The bar G may
be held clear of the knives to allow room for the workman to place the
skin, hide, skiver, or roan between the bar and the knives by means of a
foot lever, or by the hand lever G' operating a shaft lying in bearings in
the standards and carrying throwing-out cams G³.
For conveying the article to be operated upon to the knives I employ
an endless band F³, which passes round two rollers F¹ and F; the axle
of the roller F turns in bearings in the standards, and the axle of the
roller F is carried by bearing brackets secured to the back of the
standards. The roller F¹ runs loose upon its axis, upon which are
secured two brackets Fe, which form bearings for an axle F, which
carries two sets of fluted rollers F¼, one set being the reverse of the
other. These rollers lic and revolve close under the bar G, spreading
out the article upon the bar to the right and left, thereby holding it
for the knives to operate upon it. One edge of the article being placed
in the slot of the cylinder is held therein by the strip, as shewn in the
front and end views, is drawn between the reversely fluted rollers and
the bar G, the article having previously been laid upon the traversing
endless band by an attendant at the back of the machine. The said
attendant, after the bar G is thrown clear of the knives, pulls the fluted
rollers and their axle and bearings towards him by means of the
handle F5, to enable him to pass the edge of the article round the rollers.
These rollers revolve simultaneously, being driven by a toothed wheel E
secured on the axle of the cylinder gearing into an intermediate toothed
wheel E' on an axle held by one of the brackets E³, the wheel E' gearing
into a toothed wheel F' on the roller axle F. The rollers are held in the
position shewn in the end view by springs secured on the standards
pressing upon the bearing brackets F.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
the same is to be performed. I declare that I claim the
mannor

page_text: employment of machinery constructed substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in the Drawings annexed, for fleshing and
frizing sheep and other skins and hides, and for striking out skivers
and roans preparatory to dyeing and after dyeing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Turner, have hereunto set 5
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.
CHA³. TURNER. (L.S.)