Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
HERBERT TAYLOR, formerly of No. 46, Cross Street, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, now of No. 76, Mark Lane, in the City of
London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster the Fifteenth day of
March last, in the fourteenth year of Her reign, did give and grant
unto me, the said Herbert Taylor, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Herbert Taylor, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Herbert Taylor, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick upon Tweed, and also in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey,
Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all the Colonies and Plantations

page_text: "
abroad, an Invention of which I am in possession in consequence of a
communication from a Foreigner residing abroad, for "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATES AND OXIDES OF BARYTES
AND STRONTIA, SULPHUR, OR SULPHURIC ACID, FROM THE SULPHATES OF
BARYTES AND STRONTIA, AND FOR CONSEQUENT IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARBONATES AND OXIDES OF SODA AND POTASSA; in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,' requiring that I, the
said Herbert Taylor, shall particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as reference being thereunto had will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the
said Herbert Taylor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by this present instrument in writing,
as follows (that is to say):
The said Invention consists of certain improvements in the manu-
facture of carbonates and oxides of barytes and strontia, sulphur, or
sulphuric acid, from the sulphates of barytes and Strontia, and for
consequent improvements in the manufacture of carbonates and oxides
of soda and potassa; and I hereby declare that the following is a par-
ticular description of the nature of the said Invention, and of the
manner in which the same is to be performed. To produce carbonates of
strontia and barytes, sulphur or sulphuric acid, the sulphate of
barytes or strontia is reduced to the condition of a sulphuret by calci-
nation in a suitable vessel or furnace, either by being mixed with the
requisite quantities of carbon or carbonaceous substance, or by expo-
sure to an incandescent current of carbonic oxide. The sulphuret, in
contact with water, or, which is better, entirely dissolved and decanted
from any remaining insoluble substances, is placed into close and
suitable vessels, and a current of carbonic acid gas, produced or gene-
rated by any suitable process, is made to pass into the liquid a car-

page_text: bonate of the base of the sulphuret employed precipitates; sulphuretted
hydrogen evolves, which, on being conducted through appropriate
apparatus, is either ignited in contact with only sufficient atmospheric
air to convert its hydrogen into water, proper precautions being used
to avoid explosions, or the sulphuretted hydrogen is brought into
contact with nitrous acid vapours and an excess of atmospheric air; in
both of which methods sulphur will be set free, and deposited by con-
veying the vapours or gases through well-adapted vessels or chambers.
To obtain sulphuric acid, the sulphuretted hydrogen is ignited in an
excess of atmospheric air, being thus converted into sulpurous acid
vapours, which are thus conducted into apparatus usually employed
in the manufacture of sulphuric acid, and treated therein in the usual
methods. When the decomposition is completed, the same being in-
dicated by the evolution of sulphuretted hydrogen gas ceasing, or by test-
ing the liquid in the decomposing vessel with lead paper, which should
not change colour, the liquid is drawn off, and the carbonate withdrawn.
To obtain the oxides of baryta and strontia the carbonate of these bases
are subjected to intense heat in any suitable furnace until entire evolu-
tion of their carbonic acid, which will be materially assisted by injecting
steam, producing thereby hydrated oxides; or, if, when making the
solution of the sulphuret of strontia or baryta, the same be boiling and
highly concentrated, and then left to cool, almost one half of the base
will crystallize in form of a hydrated oxide, and a hydro-sulphated
sulphuret will remain in solution; this, on being evaporated in close
vessels after separation from the crystals, will part with its sulphuretted
hydrogen; a small portion of sulphur subliming the escaping gases.
The watery vapour, being first condensed, can be treated and converted
into sulphur or sulphuric acid, as before described. In the vessel a simple
sulphuret of the base used will remain, which, on being redissolved,
will pass through same process as above, until at various reprisals all
the oxide and sulphur of the base will have been obtained: the hydrated
crystals can then be purified from adhering portions of the sulphuret by
washing or recrystallization, and can then, if thought proper, be con-
verted into carbonate, by either exposing the crystals in a moist state to

page_text: carbonic acid, or by passing the same into a solution made of the
crystals in water. To produce the carbonates of soda or potassa the
sulphates of these bases in solution at the ordinary temperature are
brought into contact with the carbonate of barytes; mutual decomposi-
tion takes place, which is greatly accelerated and more perfect on passing
a current of carbonic acid into the mixture sulphate of barytes is
formed, and carbonate of soda or potassa remain in solution, which, on
being decanted, is evaporated either to crystallization or dryness. To
obtain the hydrated oxide of or caustic soda or potassa, the oxides of
barytes or strontia-the latter being much more readily reduced from
the carbonate is preferable-should be slacked with water into a thin
paste, when a proportionate solution of sulphate of soda or potassa is
added sulphate of baryta or strontia precipitates, and the caustic soda
or potassa remain in solution, which, on being decanted, can be used as
such, or, evaporated to dryness and melted at a lowered heat, takes the
form of hydrated oxide of the base employed. The carbonate of strontia
can likewise be used to decompose the sulphates of soda or potassa in
conjuntion with carbonic acid, but is very inferior to the use of baryta,
as, without the aid of carbonic acid, no action whatever takes place.
What I claim as my said Invention and improvement are,-
First, the combined process of manufacturing sulphur or sulphuric
acid, carbonates of barytes, strontia, and their oxides, from the sulphates
of these bases by the afore-described methods.
Secondly, I claim the making of carbonates of strontia and barytes,
and their oxides, from the sulphates of these bases by the afore-described
methods.
Thirdly, I claim the producing of sulphur or sulphuric acid from
sulphate of barytes or strontia by the afore-described method.
Fourthly, I claim the manufacture or improvement in the process
of producing carbonates of soda or potassa by treating or decomposing
the sulphate of these bases by the carbonate of barytes or strontia,
employing in aid thereof a current or sufficient quantity of carbonic
acid, as afore-described; the use of carbonic acid being optional with
baryta, but imperative with the strontia. I do not claim the producing