IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Evan Leigh, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, and George Peter Leigh, of
the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS
OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of "AMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS
OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 3rd March 1857, and dated the 4th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Evan Leigh and George
Peter Leigh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1856.
We, EVAN LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, and GEORGE PETER LEIGH, of the same Place, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS
OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Firstly, in causing the top rollers for drawing cotton, &c., usually covered
with leather, to turn upon stationary spindles, instead of turning upon pivots at
the ends of the said rollers, as hitherto adopted. The spindles are squared at
the ends, and fit in the cap bars usually employed, the distances between each
series of spindles and rollers being capable of adjustment when required as
usual. The ends of the spindles have vertical and inclined grooves, and also
parts cut away for the admission and retention of oil for lubricating, which
arrangement prevents the oil from getting on the leather covering of such

page_text: rollers, retaining it at the same time on the internal bearings for a much
longer period than heretofore, free from dust, &c., and causing the rollers to
run freely and keep clean.
Secondly, in an improved flyer, in which the boss has one, two, or more
zig-zag projections, made to fit corresponding indentations at the upper part of
the spindle to which the flyer is attached, by which means it has much more
steadiness and durability than in the present mode of attachment, the peculiar
form of the projections having a tendency to draw or press it down and pre-
vent it flying off.
These improvements will be easily understood by reference to the accom-
panying outline Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an external plan of the top
rollers used in drawing and spinning cotton, &c. shewing the ends of the
stationary spindle; Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 3 an end view of
the same, shewing the weighting saddle bearing on the ends of the stationary
spindle on which the rollers revolve; Fig. 4 represents a flyer having a boss
with zig-zag projections; Fig. 5 is an elevation of the upper part of a spindle
having zig-zag indentations; and Fig. 6 is a plan thereof.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a represents the rollers which revolve upon the
stationary spindles 6, the ends of which fit in the grooves of the cap bars c.
At the ends of the spindles are grooves, shewn by the dotted lines d, for the
admission of oil, which gradually advances down the grooved inclines until it
arrives at the bearings e; each spindle is inclined towards the middle f for the
purpose of preventing the oil from leaving the bearings. The zig-zag projec-
tions on the flyer are shewn at g, Fig. 4, and the spaces or indentations in the
spindle to which they are fitted at h, Figs. 5 and 6; their screw-like form
draws the flyer tight down on the taper part of the spindle when working,
thereby causing less shaking or probability of the flyer flying off the spindle to
which it is attached.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Evan Leigh and George Peter Leigh in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EVAN LEIGH,
of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer,
and GEORGE PETER LEIGH, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Ier heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Evan Leigh and George Peter Leigh, Her special license that we, the said
Evan Leigh and George Peter Leigh, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Evan Leigh and George Peter Leigh,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PARTS OF
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Evan Leigh and George Peter Leigh, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or the hand and seal of
one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Evan Leigh, for and on behalf of myself
and the said George Peter Leigh, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say) :-
Our said Invention consists, firstly, of an improved arrangement of the top
rollers used for drawing cotton or other materials, the said rollers being usually
covered with cloth and leather. Instead of allowing the rollers to turn upon
pivots at their ends, as at present adopted, we make them hollow, and allow
them to revolve freely on a dead or fixed spindle, the roller being kept in its
place and prevented from falling off when lifted out by means of a clip ring
fitting a circular groove on the spindle. The middle or ends of the spindle
are either squared or flattened, so as to fit the cap bars or weighting hooks,
and be prevented from turning. The spindle has one or more diagonal
grooves for the purpose of conveying and diffusing oil to the bearing, the dis-
tances between each series of spindles and rollers being capable of adjustment
as usual.
Secondly, in an improved flyer, in which the boss has one, two, or more
curved, zig-zag, or spiral projections, made to fit corresponding indentations at
the upper part or shoulder of the spindle, the effect of which is to draw down
the flyer firmly on the top or taper end of the spindle as it revolves, locking

page_text: on the flyer, and preventing either vibration or flying off, thus obtaining more
steadiness and durability than in the present mode of attachment.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, with the figures and letters of reference thereon,
in which the letters refer to each Figure separately.
Fig. 1 represents a section of our hollow top roller with single bosses placed
upon a stationary spindle; Fig. 2, an external plan of the same; Fig. 3, a
view of the spindle detached; Fig. 4, the wire clip ring; Fig. 5, a section of
a hollow top roller with double bosses placed upon a stationary spindle; Fig. 6,
an external plan of the same; Fig. 7, a view of the spindle detached; Fig. 8
represents part of a flyer having our improved projections on its socket or
boss; Fig. 9, the upper part or shoulder of the spindle, shewing the inden
tations; and Fig. 10, a plan of the same.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the two single bosses of the hollow top roller are
shewn at a revolving on the dead or stationary spindle b, having in two
grooves c, c, to convey the oil to the centre bearing, and also small grooves to
receive the wire clip rings d, d, placed so as to prevent the top rollers from
shifting sidewise; there are also when desired other circular grooves e on the
spindle to assist in the diffusion of the oil, and consequently more perfect
lubrication. The roller is weighted by the saddle or hook hanging in the
centre of the spindle 6 at the flattened part f.
In Figs. 5, 6, and 7 the hollow top roller is shewn with double bosses g
placed upon the dead or stationary spindle h, having one diagonal groove i for
the admission and spreading of the oil, and also circular grooves k; the top
roller is kept in its place by means of the clip ring 7. The roller is weighted
by weights hanging at each end of tho spindle h, which is prevented from
revolving by the flattened part m fitting the cap bar. It will be readily per-
ceived that these arrangements prevent the oil from getting on the leather
covering of the rollers, and also retain it on the internal bearing free from
impurities, thus keeping the rollers clean and causing them to move freely.
In Figs. 8, 9, and 10, which represent our improvements of the flyer, n is
the boss or socket of the flyer furnished with the curved zag-zig or spiral pro-
jections o, which are made to fit the spaces or indentations p on the shoulder of
the spindle, the screw-like form of which draws the flyer tight down upon the
taper part of the spindle.
Having thus fully described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details herein set
forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle

page_text: thereof; but we claim as our Invention, and which, to the best of our know-
ledge and belief, has not been hitherto used within the realm, -
Firstly, the arrangement and construction of hollow top rollers with internal
bearings revolving freely on dead or fixed spindles, the said spindles having a
groove or grooves cut in them towards the centre for the more easy and perfect
lubrication thereof.
Secondly, the peculiar method of fixing on flyers, and the application of the
said improved rollers and flyers to roving, slubbing, and other machines used
in preparing and spinning fibrous materials, as such improvements are herein
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Evan Leigh, for and on behalf of myself
and the said George Peter Leigh, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Third day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Evan Leigh, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
EVAN LEIGH. (L.B.)