A Wrench for Turning Pipes or other Round Objects.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 9th July, 1896-Accepted, 22nd Aug., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Wrench for Turning Pipes or other Round Objects.
I, MONTAGU DEURANCE MARTINDALE, of No. 8 St. Mary's Terrace,
Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a wrench for turning pipes or other round objects,
which is constructed and operates as follows.
A rod or bar has its end bent to the form of a hook, nearly fitting the pipe,
but the side of the bend towards the bar gently sloping away from the pipe.
In the space between the pipe and this sloping portion I place a small roller of
hard metal preferably roughened like a round file, providing on the bar a bracket
which keeps the roller in position while leaving it free to move.
On applying force to the bar as a handle so as to turn the pipe, the roller
wedges itself between the pipe and the incline thus causing the wrench to take a
firm hold of the pipe so as to turn it.
Round nuts and other round objects can obviously be turned in the same
manner.
Dated this 28th day of April 1896.
ABEL & IMKAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Wrench for Turning Pipes or other Round Objects.
I MONTAGU DEURANCE MARTINDALE of No. 8 St. Mary's Terrace,
Paddington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the construction of a wrench which when moved by its
stem or handle in the one direction bites and firmly holds a pipe or other round
object, such for instance, as a round nut or the round stem of a drill, causing the
pipe or round object to turn with it, but which, when moved in the opposite
direction, releases itself and can be moved without turning the pipe or round
object.
I shall describe the appliance and arrangement of a wrench for operating in this
manner referring to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side view and Fig. 2 a rear view of a wrench one end of which can
be used to turn a pipe or round bar to which it can be applied sidewise, the other
end being applicable to a nut or other round object end wise.
Fig. 3 is a side view and Fig. 4 a back view shewing a modification by which
the wrench can be adapted for turning pipes or round objects of different
diameters.
In all these cases the principle according to which the wrench is made to bite
and release is the same, but the forms of the parts are modified to suit the several
applications.
As shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 a bar A is made at the one end with a hook B, at
the other end with an eye C.

page_text: About half the inner circumference of the hook or eye from a to b is made
circular to the same diameter as the pipe PnutN, or other round object to which
it is to be applied; the rest of the circumference is made of a spiral curvature
having radius increasing gradually from 6 to c.
A small roller D made of hard metal such as hardened steel and roughened like
a round file is pivotted between two arms E E or F F, one on each side of the
bar A, so that it lies in the space between the pipe or nut and the spiral part of
the hook or eye.
The two arms E E are connected by a pine working in a slotted hole of the
bar A so that the roller D can freely move longitudinally and transversely, and
the arms FF are pivotted to a pair of cheeks G G which are connected by a
pin 9 working in a slotted hole of the bar A. The arms F F have oblique
extensions holding a pin d which bearing against the back of the hook prevents
the arms F F and roller D from falling away from the bar A. A tension
spring H may have its one end fixed to the end of the slot, its other end being
attached to the pin g so as to urge the roller D into the narrowing space within
the spiral; this spring however is not necessary as the cheeks G can be pushed
onwards by hand."
For applying the wrench the arms E E or F F are drawn back so as to bring
the roller D to a wide part of the space within the spiral, the hook B or the
eye C is then applied to the round object so that it occupies the position P or-N;
the roller D being then advanced by hand or by the spring H, on moving the
bar A so as to turn the hook or the eye in the direction of the arrow, the
roller D tends to occupy a narrower part of the space within the spiral, and is
thus made to take a firmer bite of the round object, and to turn with the hook or
the eye. On reversing the movement, the roller D tends to move into a wider
part of the space within the spiral and so becomes free from P or N and to
move without turning the round object.
As shewn in Figs. 3 and 4 the hook B forms internally part of a polygon and
the spiral curvature bc is formed in the upper part of a slide K which can be
moved to and fro along the handle A by a nut engaging screw threads on the
handle in the well known manner applied to universal wrenches. The roller D is
pivotted to the arms EE which are connected by a pine working iu a slotted
hole of K. A blade spring h may be used to urge the roller D towards the handle
but this is not necessary.
The action of this wrench is the same as of the wrenches above described,
the construction differing from them only in that it can be adjusted for a
number of different diameters of the pipes or other round objects to which it is
applied.
The wrenches described are obviously invertible so that they can be used either
for screwing or unscrewing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
A wrench for turning a pipe or other round object, having a hook or eye, part
of the internal periphery of which is adapted to embrace part of the circumference
of the object, the other part of the periphery being of spiral curvature offering an
increasing space which receives a hard roughened roller mounted on side arms, in
such a manner that the roller is free to play longitudinally and transversely,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 9th day of Inl 1806
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.