IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING WIRE
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Pemberton Williams and Thomas Robinson,
of Widnes Foundry, Widnes Dock, near Warrington, in the County of
AVRATNO WIRE"
Sealed the 6th December 1864, and dated the 10th June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Pemberton
Williams and Thomas Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th June 1864.
We, JOSIAH PEMBERTON WILLIAMS and THOMAS ROBINSON, of Widnes
Foundry, Widnes Dock, near Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING
WIRE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in annealing wire. The
most usual mode of annealing wire is to place it in a closed vessel, to apply
fire to the outside of such vessel, and then to allow it to cool.
Now, our Invention consists in applying highly heated sand or like
substance in a finely divided state to the wire when in a receiver, so that the
wire may be covered or surrounded at all points by the sand or like substance
in a finely divided state. After a proper time the sand is removed, the wire
will be found fully annealed. By. these means the cooling as well as the

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Josiah Pemberton Williams and Thomas Robinson in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSIAH
PEMBERTON WILLIAMS and THOMAS ROBINSON, of Widnes Foundry, Widnes
Dock, near Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her leirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Josiah Pemberton Williams and Thomas Robinson, Her
special licence that we, the said Josiah Pemberton Williams and Thomas
Robinson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Josiah Pemberton Williams and Thomas Robinson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANNEALING
WIRE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Josiah Pem-
berton Williams and Thomas Robinson, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Josiah Pemberton Williams and
Thomas Robinson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in annealing wire. The
most usual mode of annealing wire is to place it in a closed vessel, to apply
fire to the outside of such vessel, and then to allow it to cool.

page_text: Now, our Invention consists in applying highly heated sand or like substance
in a finely divided state to the wire when in a receiver, so that the wire may
be covered or surrounded at all points by the sand or like substance in a finely
divided state. After a proper time the sand is removed and the wire will be
found fully annealed. By these means the cooling as well as the heating of
the wire will be performed when covered and surrounded on all parts by
sand or like substance in a finely divided state.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, we will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a furnace constructed
for heating sand or other suitable material, also of an annealing pot for receiving
the wire and heated substance.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan of the same. A, A, are two iron plates,
separated from each other by courses of brickwork, forming a close retort
(having its mouth exterior to the brickwork at the end.) The retort is closed
by a suitable iron door when at work, which prevents the sulphurous vapours
from the coal coming in contact with the sand. B is the fire-place; C is the
fire-bridge; D is a well or cistern of brickwork for receiving the sand as it is
heated in the retort formed between the plates; E, E, are the flues around the
cistern and under and over the retort; F, F, are the openings from the flue
below the retort to the flue above it; G is an outlet from the flue to the
chimney H; J is an iron frame fitted with a slide damper for letting the
heated sand from the cistern; K is an annealing pot containing the wire to
be annealed; it is brought under the cistern D on a wheeled carriage. The
furnace is worked in the following manner:-The sand or other granular
substance is introduced into the retort at the open end A¹ and is spread by
means of a rake over the bottom of the retort, and is progressively worked
down into the cistern D, where it will be further heated. When a sufficient
quantity has been heated the annealing pot containing the wire is wheeled
under the iron frame, the slide at the bottom of the cistern is withdrawn, and
the heated sand descends into the annealing pot and fills it, the pot is then
removed, covered over, and allowed gradually to cool. Other methods may be
used for heating the sand or other granular material, but we prefer the furnace
above described.
We do not claim as our Invention the heating of the sand, or any arrange-
ment of furnace for that purpose, but what we claim is, the annealing of wire

page_text: by the application of heated sand or substance in a finely divided state,
introduced when heated into an annealing pot or vessel as herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Josiah Pemberton Williams and
Thomas Robinson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Eighth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
J. P. WILLIAMS.
(L.S.)
THOS. ROBINSON. (L.S.)
J. P. WILLIAMS. (L.S.)
THOS. ROBINSON. (L.S.)