IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ICE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Luke,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING ICE." A
communication from abroad by Francis Marion McMillan, of Cincinnati,
Chemical and Mechanical Expert, and John Enright, of Cleveland, Mechanical
Engineer, both in the State of Ohio, United States of America.
Sealed the 3rd June 1879, and dated the 16th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1878.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR MANUFACTURING ICE." [A communication from abroad by Francis Marion
McMillan, of Cincinnati, Chemical and Mechanical Expert, and John Enright,
of Cleveland, Mechanical Engineer, both in the State of Ohio, United States of
America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of machinery or appa-
ratus with which ammoniacal gas or an equivalent agent is employed for the manu-
facture of ice.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I use ammonia in a liquid state, and
under pressure in a holder or chamber, from which it is admitted into pipes. This
liquid ammonia expands in the said pipes to a gaseous state, producing an intense
degree of cold in and about the said pipes, which are arranged in suitable tanks of
water containing more or less salt. In the said tanks are placed cans or vessels
containing pure water. As these cans or vessels are surrounded with the salt and
water, and exposed to the influence of the cold pipes the water in the cans or vessels
becomes frozen into solid ice, for as the gas is being drawn off by a pump, peculiarly
constructed for this purpose, from the chamber, and through the pipes an expansion

page_text: of the liquid ammonia takes place by its conversion into a gaseous state, there being
formed in the pipes a vacuum by the action of the pump.
This vacuum more or less is taken up by the expanding gas from the liquid
ammonia.
After the gas is received in the pipes it is forced by the action of the
pump into a condenser, where it is reduced into its original state of liquid
ammonia.
The said Invention also comprises the peculiar construction of the pump, whereby
a vacuum is created in the said pipes for the expansion of the gases, and by its
action the gas is forced out through eduction pipes into a condensing chamber to be
again utilized in the same way.
The said pump is mounted upon a suitable frame, and the piston rod provided
with a cross head and link connecting it to the pump crank; and on the shaft to
which the said crank is secured is attached the engine crank for opening the
pump.
The pump piston is made with a cone or projection on its upper side, and on the
underside there is an annular collar or rim, leaving a space around the piston.
The said cone is designed to fill up a conical cavity or recess in the upper head,
which is in open communication with a valve, and the aforesaid rim fills up the
annular space in the lower head. By means of the said cone and annular rim, in
connection with the conical cavity or recess and annular groove, all the gas received
into the cylinder through the induction passages at either end thereof is forced out
so effectually that the little gas that may chance to remain is not sufficient in its
expansive force to retard the stroke of the piston, which, on the contrary, is the
case in a pump as ordinarily constructed. Also the piston by this means can have
the full sweep of the cylinder, as the eduction openings are at the extreme ends
thereof, so that the gas is nearly, if not wholly, forced out through the said passages,
leaving little or no gas to react upon the stroke of the piston. The upper and
lower heads of the cylinder are secured thereto by screw bolts or by other suitable
means. In the upper head are guide or gauge screws, with a hole in the ends to
receive the valve stems. By means of said screws the lift or opening of the valves
is controlled as may be required in the working of the pump. The holes in the
ends of the said screws act as guides for the movements of the valves. In the
lower head are screws, which also gauge the stroke or lift of the other valves. The
lower ends of the last named screws terminate in holes or openings, in which are
the stems of the last named valves. These holes or cavities form guides for the
movements of the valves. Below these are screw plugs for the purpose of reaching
the valves for adjusting them, or for drawing off deposits in the cylinder and pas-
sages, which may be made in the working of the pump, or for any other needful
purpose.
Connected with the upper head is a tank or basin, which is supplied with water
to a point covering tubes which pass down through the head to allow the overflow
of water in the said basin to be discharged into a lower basin, and flowing over the
outside of the cylinder as it descends to the lower basin: the water is then dis-
charged through a waste pipe. The lower basin surrounds the lower part of the
cylinder, and the upper one the top part or head of the cylinder. By means of
these basins the upper and lower parts with the body of the cylinder may be con-
tinually surrounded with water, which aids in cooling the same as the nature of the
case may require. Other means or devices may be employed for cooling the cylin-
der with water. The pump would become so hot by the continual action of the
piston in compressing the gas charged with heat from the freezing water, that in
forcing it out of the cylinder the pump would become inoperative if not kept cool,
hence the necessity of the cooling water from the basins referred to or its equi-
valent. The said pump may be used for cooling air, and for the preservation of
fruit, meat, vegetables, beer, and other perishable articles, as well as for the manu-
facture of ice. The nature of the gas is such that the joints of the pipes, in con-
nection with the cocks, the pump, and the condensers, are required to be tightly
and securely made to prevent leakage. To this end a jointed connection is used,

page_text: consisting of a gland, provided with a female screw, whereby it is screwed upon the
pipe; the pipes also pass through the packing of the stuffing box, which receives
the gland. This stuffing box may be formed in a collar, or box, or flange connected
with the pipes, cocks, or pump. By this means the gland can be made to follow up
continuously the packing in the box, and thus a tight joint can be secured.
The said Invention also comprises an improvement in the stuffing box of the
pump piston rod, which also requires a peculiar construction to prevent the escape
of the ammoniacal gas from the pump. The attenuated and volatile nature of this
gas causes it to permeate through ordinary joints and packing, and this would be
especially the case with the usual piston stuffing box, by reason of the continuous
movement of the piston rod. To avoid this escape of gas through the piston stuffing
box by reason of the pressure around the piston rod the improved stuffing box
above referred to in connection with the compresser prevents the escape of gas, and
its construction allows of an ample supply of lubricant for the piston-rod to prevent
undue friction.
The outer section of the said stuffing box consists of a shell, having an interior
cavity or chamber, wherein is fitted a thimble, with openings in the side for the
admission of the lubricating packing liquid, or its equivalent, to the inside of the
thimble through which passes the piston rod. A circumferential portion of the
outside of the thimble is removed, forming an annular space between the thimble
and the inside of the shell, which space is open to the outside through an aperture
for the admission of the lubricating fluid or packing. Each end of the thimble is
incavated, forming a dish shaped mouth at either end; also a circumferential
section of the interior of the thimble is cut away, forming an annular space between
the piston rod and the inside of the thimble. Said space is for holding in reserve
and in bulk a quantity of lubricating material constantly in contact with the piston
rod. In the lower end of the shell is fitted a gland, which is held in place by a
cap screwed on the outside of the end of the shell, and by which the gland is forced
upon the packing against the lower end of the thimble, and by the intervention
of the thimble the packing at the upper end is compressed about the piston
rod.
It will be obvious that by means of the two chambers or annular spaces above
described the piston rod is kept in direct contact with and surrounded by the oil or
lubricator, through and in which the rod works reciprocally in the stuffing box.
thereby keeping it continually lubricated, and preventing the escape of the air or
gas therefrom around the piston rod through the lubricating packing in the
chamber, the gas being unable to pass through the body of oil, nor can it escape
through the supply openings, which may be provided with a stop-cock, or the
column of oil carried above the stuffing box by means of a pipe connected with the
supply opening; hence no waste of gas by leakage occurs around the piston rod,
which in all cases does occur when the rod is parked in the ordinary way, and a
common stuffing box is used for the piston rod.
The said stop cock is constructed as follows, that is to say:-
The stem is screwed into a gland, and the gland fitted in a recess containing
packing, down upon which the gland is screwed, thereby setting the packing around
the valve stem and in the recess, making a water, steam, and gas tight fitting valve
or stop cock. The cock may be screwed into a vessel or proper place in the ordinary
way, and have connected thereto a pipe by means of the aforesaid coupling or
joint, the outer end of the body of the valve or stop cock being formed for that
purpose.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
June 1879:
66
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR MANUFACTURING ICE." A communication from abroad by Francis Marion
McMillan, of Cincinnati, Chemical and Mechanical Expert, and John Enright, of
Cleveland, Mechanical Engineer, both in the State of Ohio, United states of
America.
This Invention relates to improvements in machines or apparatus for manu-
facturing ice, and is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in which,
Figure 1 is a front elevation, partly in section, of a machine constructed according
to this Invention.
Figure 2 is a plan.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 represent detached portions of the same.
Figure 6 is a sectional view drawn to an enlarged scale of a screw-valve and pipe-
coupling used in the said machine.
Figure 7 shews a pipe coupling used in connecting the pipes in the said
machine.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 are sectional views of the said pipe-coupling, shewing
various applications of the same, for the purpose specified.
Figure 11 is a sectional view drawn to an enlarged scale of a stuffing box used in
the aforesaid machine.
The same letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the Drawing.
This Invention relates partly to a certain improved ammoniacal gas pump, which
may be used for cooling air and for the preservation of fruits, meats, vegetables,
beer, and other perishable articles, as well as for the manufacture of ice, as herein
described.
The distinguishing features of the said pump are as follows, that is to say:-The
arrangement of the induction pines, which are connected with a coil or other
arrangement of pipes containing ammoniacal gas drawn from said coil or pipes by
means of a piston working in a cylinder, and forced out through eduction pipes into
an arrangement of condensing pines; also the construction of the piston in its
relation with the cylinder and to the valves in connection therewith, and the ports
or valve openings. The said pump is operated by a steam-engine or other suitable
motor directly connected therewith for convenience.
The said Invention further relates to certain water cooling arrangements at the
upper part of and below the cylinder by which the cold water flows over and around
the cylinder to keep it cool, the water being carried off by suitable means from the
machine.
Furthermore, the said Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of
the piston in connection with the cylinder and heads thereof whereby the gas ad-
mitted into the cylinder is so effectually forced out through the eduction openings
that but little if any gas remains in the said cylinder to react upon the stroke or
force of the piston by the expansion of such remaining gas.
The office of the aforesaid pump is to draw the ammoniacal gas from a system of
pipes arranged in a freezing tank and force it into a condenser consisting of a series
of serpentine pipes; or the condenser may consist of any other suitable arrangement
of pipes or coil of pipe or chambers, as the case may be. The said pump is placed
between the freezing tank and the condensing pipes, thereby forming a consecutive
connection of the three, namely, the freezing tank, pump, and condensing pipes, to
which pipes is attached a receiver constituting a part of the condenser. By these
means there is established a continuous circulation of the gas that may be employed
through the freezing tank pump and condensing pipes as hereinafter more fully

page_text: explained. The said pump is mounted upon a suitable frame and the piston rod is'
provided with a cross-head and link connecting it to the pump-crank, and on the
shaft to which the said crank is secured is attached the engine-crank for operating
the pump. The steam engine may be of the ordinary kind, and either connected
directly with the pump, as shown, or separate therefrom and operated by the pump
as convenience may dictate. Any other suitable motor may, however, be employed for
this purpose.
The said Invention also relates to a stop-cock of peculiar construction for con-
trolling the gas in its passage through the pipes of the apparatus.
In Figure 1A, A¹, are the pump induction ports by which the said pump is con-
nected by a pipe to a system of pipes arranged in the freezing tank above alluded
Said system of pipes is also by a suitable conduit or pipe, presently described,
connected to the receiver of the condensing pipes or condenser from which it is
supplied with liquid ammonia or its equivalent for freezing purposes.
to.
As above stated the condensing pipes may be of any desirable arrangement for
the condensation of ammoniacal gas into a liquid state without in any way affecting
the essential structure of the pump which may be readily adapted to any gas con-
densing apparatus and freezing device for the manufacture of ice.
The ammonia in a liquid state is conducted into the pipes of the freezing tank
from the receiver of the condenser. This fluid while passing through the freezing
pipes in the tank expands therein into a gaseous state producing cold to that degree
as to chill and freeze the water in the tank in which the pipes may be immersed
or water contained in cans placed therein, as hereinafter described.
The gaseous
expansion of the ammonia in the tank-pipes is facilitated by the pump, which by
its suction or drawing action draws off the gas, thereby allowing room for the ex-
pansion of the fluid by forming a partial vacuum in the pipes and relieving it from
any considerable pressure.
After the gas has been received into the pump it is forced out therefrom through
the eduction pipes B, B', Figure 1, into the condensing pipes or condenser where it
is condensed into liquid ammonia, its original state before entering the freezing pipes
of the tank, it being converted from a gaseous to a liquid state in the said condenser
while under pressure.
In Figure 1 the arrows indicate the passage or direction of the gas through the
ports, valves, passages, pipes, and cylinder of the pump. When the piston C is at
the lowest part of its stroke at C¹ the gas from the nipe of the freezing tank
enters the cylinder at the upper end C through the induction pipe A, port D, and
valve D. While the gas is entering the upper end of the cylinder E the piston is
on its lower stroke and the valves F and G are closed while the valve H is opened
by the gas, which is supposed to be in the lower part of the cylinder. being forced
out by the action of the piston through the port I, valve H, and eduction pipe B
into the condenser above alluded to and hereinafter described.
On the return or upward stroke of the piston the gas which had been admitted
into the upper part of the pump evlinder, as before mentioned, is forced out through
the valve F, port and eduction pipe B. into the condenser. At the same time the
valves D and Hare closed, the valve D' being closed by the force of the gas under
the pressure of the piston in passing out through the eduction pipe B: while the
piston is thus rising the gas is passing in through the induction pipe A¹, port K,
and valve G into the lower part of the cylinder and is forced out by the down-
ward stroke of the piston through the passages to the condenser as before stated.
Thus alternately the gas is admitted to the upper and lower ends of the cylinder
of the pump through the pipes A. A¹, and alternately forced out through the educ-
tion pipes B. B¹, as described, into the condenser.
The pump-piston is made with a cone or projection L on its upper side, and on
the underside is an annular collar or rim M, leaving a space O around the piston N.
as seen in Figure 1.
The cone is designed to fill up the conical cavity or recess L₁ in the upper head P.
Figures 1 and 2, which is in open communication with the valve D¹, as seen in

page_text: Figure 1; and the rim M fills up the annular space M¹ in the lower head Q, Figures
1 and. 5. By means of the cone L and. annular rim M in connection with the
conical cavity L' and annular groove M¹, all the gas received into the cylinder
through the induction passages A, A', at either end thereof is forced out so
effectually that the little gas that may chance to remain is not sufficient in its
expansive force to retard the stroke of the piston, which, on the contrary, is the
case in a pump as ordinarily constructed; also the piston by this means can have
the full sweep of the cylinder, as the eduction openings are at the extreme ends
thereof so that the gas is nearly, if not wholly, forced out through the said
passages, leaving little or no gas to react upon the stroke of the piston.
The upper and lower heads of the cylinder are secured thereto by screw bolts or
by other suitable means. In the upper head are guide or gauge screws R, with a
hole in their ends to receive the valve-stems, as shown in Figure 1. By means of
said screws the lift or opening of the valves D' and F is controlled as may be
required in the working of the pump..
The holes in the ends of the screws R, R, act as guides for the movements of the
valves. In the lower head are screws S, S, which also gauge the stroke or lift of
the valves G and H. The lower ends of the screws S, S, terminate in holes or
openings in which are the stems of the valves G and H. These holes or cavities
form guides for the movements of the valves. Below these are screw-plugs $¹ for
the purpose of reaching the valves for adjusting them, or for drawing off deposits in
the cylinder and passages, and which may be made in the working of the pump or
for any other needful purpose.
Connected with the upper head is a tank or basin T which is supplied with water
to a point covering the tubes U, one of which is shown in Figure 1, and also in
Figure 5. These tubes pass down through the head to allow the overflow of water
in the basin T to be discharged into the lower basin V, and flowing over the out-
side of the cylinder as it descends to the lower basin; the water is then discharged
through a waste pipe a¹. The lower basin surrounds the lower part of the cylinder
and the upper one the top part or head of the cylinder. By means of these basins
the upper and lower parts, with the body of the cylinder, may be continually
surrounded with water, which aids in cooling the same, as the nature of the case
may require. Other means or devices may be employed for cooling the cylinder
with water. The pump would become so hot by the continual action of the piston
in compressing the gas charged with heat from the freezing water that in forcing it
out of the cylinder the said pump would become inoperative, hence the necessity of
the cooling water from the aforesaid basins, or an equivalent arrangement.
The engine-crank c is so set in its relation to the pump-crank on the shaft b
that the latter crank is in, advance of the former, about one eighth of its stroke; that
is to say, the pump crank d leads the crank c. By this relation of the two cranks
in respect to each other the full power of the engine is exerted upon the pump when
the pump piston is at its greatest resistance, and before the steam is cut off. The
pump above described is equally adapted for either aëriform gases, for the purposes
specified, and any suitable motor other than a steam engine may be employed for
operating the same.
The coil or system of freezing pipes, and their arrangement in a suitable tank
together with the condenser, and their several connections and cooperation with
the pump above described, are as follows:-
To prevent confusion of the many parts of the Drawing such parts as relate to
the freezing tank and its appendages will be referred to by numerals.
In Figure 1 the numeral 1 represents a water-tank, which is for convenience of a
rectangular shape, and may be of any desirable capacity. In the tank is arranged
a system of pipes 2, Figure 3. which represents a side view of the inside of the
tank, the side being broken away that the inner parts may be properly seen. 'A'
top view of the tank is shewn in Figure 2, in which the pipe or range of pipe 2 is
indicated by the dotted line a¹¹ Said pipes are directly under the bars 3, and
therefore are not seen. The pipes are put in connection with the gas-pump above

page_text: On the
described by a pipe 4 terminating in the induction ports A, A, Figure 1.
floor of the tank is laid a range of pipe 5, one end of which terminates in the tank
at 6, and the other in a rotary pump 6. The said rotary pump is driven by a belt
connected in any suitable manner with the engine.
On the opposite side of the pump is a system of cooling pipes 7, a side view of
which is shewn in Figure 3, an end view in Figure 1, and a plan view in Figure 2.
Said pipes are supported upon a suitable frame or posts, and are connected to each
other at the top by a transverse pipe to which is attached a conducting pipe 8,
whereby the system of condensing or cooling pipes is connected to the pump at the
eduction ports B and B above referred to, and substantially as shewn in Figures 1
and 2. The lower ends of the cooling pipes terminate in a receiver 9 placed at one
end of the range of pipes, or at any other suitable place.
Directly above the range of cooling pipes 7 is arranged a water-pipe 10, Figures
1 and 3. Said pipe is perforated with holes from which flow sprays of cold water
down over the range of pipes below them for cooling the same and the gas, and
for condensing it therein. The arrangement of the above described tank, freezing
pipes, cooling pipes, and other parts is susceptible of various changes and modifi-
cations, and therefore it is not especially essential that it be adopted, as herein
shewn and described, however the practical operation of the same is substantially
as follows:
The tank above referred to is supplied with water, which may be charged with
salt. Between the ranges of pipes 2 are set in a vertical position ice-cans 12,
Figures 2 and 3, so many as will fill the tank. The cans are then filled with fresh
clear water and are immersed in the brine, and between the several ranges of
freezing pipes 2, the fresh water therein is now to be frozen. To this end the pipes
are filled with liquid ammonia from a vessel containing the same. The tendency
of this fluid to expand into a gaseous state when not under pressure is well known.
Such expansion takes place in the pipes, and in its change from a fluid to a gaseous
condition the ammonia absorbs the heat from the surrounding water, thereby
causing it nearly to freeze the salt water, and at the same time freezing the water
in the cans to a solid mass.
During this freezing of the water the ammoniacal gas is being drawn off from
the pipes by the pump above described, thereby facilitating the vaporizing of the
liquid ammonia by creating a partial vacuum in the pipes, thus relieving the fluid
from pressure. After the gas has been drawn into the pump through the induction
ports A, A, and the conducting pipe 4, it is forced therefrom through the eduction
ports B, B, into the pipe 8 by which it is conducted into the condensing pipes 7,
wherein it is subjected to pressure and condensed into a liquid by the forcing action
of the pump. At the same time the gas in passing through the pipes parts with
it's heat by the cooling influence of the sprays of cold water flowing from the
pipe 10 over the condensing pipes through which the gas is passing, and con-
tinuously subjected to the action of the pump, and by which it is condensed and
forced into the reservoir 9 from the pipes to be again used for freezing the water
in the tank.
The liquid ammonia thus obtained by the condensation of the ammoniacal gas is
conveyed from the reservoir 9 through the pipe 14 back into the freezing tank;
through the, pipes therein it again passes and expands into a gaseous state as before,
extracting from the water of the tank its heat until the entire mass of water in the
cans is solidly frozen.
By the above it will be seen that the liquid ammonia is repeatedly used in
conducting the process of freezing, passing from the reservoir into the tank in a
liquid state, in the pipes of which it expands into gas and extracting heat from the
water. The pump causes the passing of the ammoniacal gas, or its equivalent, from
the pipes in the freezing tank through a condensing coil or series of pipes into a
receiver, and it is re-used in the said freezing tank pipes, making a continuous
circuit through the system of pipes, pump, and receiver connected with the
apparatus, as hereinafter more fully explained. In its gaseous state it is drawч

page_text: from the tank by the inducting action of the said pump, and from the pump is
forced with great pressure into the condensing pipes, thence into the reservoir,
wherein by the continued pressure of the pump it remains in a liquid state for
further use.
This routine is repeated again and again with no loss or but little of
the ammoniacal fluid.
The admission of gas into the pipes of the tanks is regulated by stop-cocks du,
and its flow from the pump and from the reservoir 9 is regulated by similar means.
The purpose of the rotary pump and the pipe 5 above referred to is to keep the salt
water in the body of the tank in circulation, so that the mass shall be equally chilled
through, thereby more effectually and immediately freezing the water in the caus;
also to prevent the salt from separating from the water, thereby preventing the
salt water from freezing. To this end the brine is drawn from the tank by the
rotary pump 6 through the pipe 17, Figure 2, and is driven from the said pump
through the aforesaid pipe 5 and is discharged therefrom at the end u
The cans of ice are removed from the tank and for a short time exposed to the
air, their contents will then become so loosened by thawing that they can be easily
turned out a solid block of ice for immediate use or storage.
The permeating nature of the gas used for the purpose above specified renders it
imperative that the joints of the pipes and stuffing boxes and the stop-cocks should
be perfectly tight to prevent leakage and consequent waste of the gas or gases
employed. To this end special pipe-couplings,, stuffing boxes, and stop-cocks of
peculiar make have been devised, a description of which is as follows, reference
being had to the Drawings for illustration;-
The aforesaid pipe-coupling consists of a section of pipe 11, Figure 8, on the end of
which is cut a thread adapted to fit the nut or gland 2 into which it is screwed, as
shown in the said Figure." 3' is a flanged collar or boss having a central opening in
which is cut a female screw corresponding with that in the gland alluded to. In the
upper side of theflangedcollar or boss around the opening is made a recess or counter-
sink adapted to receive the glaud. Said recess is partially filled with packing 51
which may consist of any suitable material. The practical application of the above
described device is as follows:-
If a pipe is to be attached to a boiler or any vessel the metal of which is too thin
to afford a strong and sufficient connection for the said pipe the flanged collar or
boss is used. The said collar as seen in the Drawing is bolted to a thin plate 4' in
which is made and threaded a hole corresponding to that in the collar. The gland
or nut 2 is run back upon the pipe far enough to allow the end thereof to screw
into the collar and through the plate. The gland is then screwed down into the
collar upon the packing, pressing it firmly around the pipe, which together with
the screw makes a strong water, and steam, and gastight connection of the pipe
with the plate, substantially as shown in the Drawings.
The plate 4 may represent the side of the reservoir 9 to which the pipe 14 is
connected, or any other vessel or article having curvilinear figure. Figure 9 repre-
sents the coupling as attached to a thin flat surface instead of a curved one; and
Figure 10 shows the coupling in its application to an object or place thick enough
to have a countersink made therein to receive the gland instead of using a boss or
collar. Figure 7 shews the application of the coupling in connecting the pipes.
Its further adaptability for similar connectious, joints, and the like will be readily
inferred from the given illustrations.
In using the above described coupling for connecting the pipes together and for
attaching them to the condenser pump and the like, firm and gas tight joints are
made, strong and easily manipulated.
The
The stop-cocks above referred to, and used in this apparatus are, as shewn in
Figure 6, a combination of the coupling above described and a valve 61.
stem of the latter is similar to the pipe of the coupling, which is screwed into
a gland 21, and the said gland is fitted in a recess containing packing 5, down
upon which the gland is screwed, thereby setting the packing around the valve
stem and in the recess making a water, steam, and gas tight valve or stop-

page_text: cock. The cock may be screwed into a vessel or proper place in the ordinary
way, and have connected thereto a pipe by means of the coupling or joint above,
described, the outer end of the body of the valve or stop cock being formed for that.,
purpose, as will be seen in said Figure 6.
In order to prevent the leakage of gas around the piston-rod of the pump a
peculiarly constructed stuffing box is used in this machine whereby such leaking of
gas is wholly prevented. The stuffing hox alluded to is shown at h in Figure 1 of
the Drawing; an enlarged sectional detached view of the same is shewn in Figure 11
which will be readily understood from the following description thereof.
The outer section of the box consists of a shell, Figure 11. having an interior
cavity or chamber wherein is fitted a thimble with openings in the side for the
admission of the lubricating packing liquid or its equivalent to the inside of the
thimble, through which passes the piston-rod k. A circumferential portion of the
outside of the thimble is removed, forming an annular space b between the thimble
and the inside of the shell, which space is open to the outside through the aperture m
for the admission of the lubricating fluid or packing. Each end of the thimble is
incavated, forming a dish-shaped mouth at either end; also a circumferential section
of the interior of the thimble is cut away, forming an annular space between the
piston-rod and the inside of the thimble. Said space is for holding in reserve and
in bulk a quantity of lubricating material constantly in contact with the piston-rod.
In the lower end of the shell is fitted a gland n which is held in place by a cap o
screwed on the outside of the end of the shell, and by which the gland is forced
upon the packing p against the lower end of the thimble, and by the intervention of
this thimble the packing at the upper end is compressed about the piston rod.
It will be obvious that by means of the two chambers or annular spaces above
described the piston-rod is kept in direct contact with and surrounded by the oil or
lubricator through and in which the rod works reciprocally in the stuffing box,
thereby keeping it continually lubricated and preventing the escape of the air or gas
therefrom around the piston-rod: through the lubricating packing in the chamber
the gas is unable to pass through the body of oil, nor can it escape through the
supply openings, which may be provided with the above described stop-cock or the
column of oil carried above the stuffing box by means of a pipe connected with the
supply opening, hence there will occur no waste of gas by leakage around the piston-
rod, which leakage does occur when the rod is packed in the ordinary manner, and
when a common stuffing box is used for the piston-rod.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,-
First. In an apparatus for manufacturing ice the improvement comprising the
pump-piston constructed with a projection upon one side and an annular rim upon
the other, with a space or recess between the said rim and piston, in combination
with an annular groove in one head to receive the said rim, and a recess in the other
head to receive the said projection of the piston, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Second. The improvement in the cylinder-heads comprising the annular groove
in one of the said heads and a conical recess in the other head, in combination with
the inlet valve D¹, outlet valve H. and piston, constructed substantially as described
and for the purpose specified.
Third. The annular groove and port arranged within the cylinder-head in combi-
nation with the valve H, outlet B, and the piston provided with the annular rim,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. The improvement comprising the head of the pump, arranged to surround
the lower part of the cylinder, with a water-basin forming part of the said head, and
having the valves with their ports or openings within the said head and in open
communication or connection with the inlet and outlet passages to and from the
lower end of the cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose specified,

page_text: .
Fifth. In an apparatus for manufacturing ice, the improvement comprising the
valves D, F, and their ports or openings arranged within the head of the cylinder
in combination with the guide-screws, as and for the purpose set forth.
Sixth. The cylinder E surrounded at its upper and lower parts by a water-tank
or basin, in combination with one or more pipes U in connection with each basin to
permit the flow of water from one to the other, as and for the purpose set forth.
Seventh. The improvement in ice-machines, comprising the cylinder E provided
with heads having therein the valves in connection with the induction and eduction
passages and water-basins arranged in connection with the said heads, and with one
or more outlet pipes, substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Eighth. In an ice-machine, the cylinder E provided with tanks or water basins
and arranged to permit water to flow from one basin into the other and over the
exterior surface of the cylinder in the transit of the water from one basin to the
other, as and for the purpose described.
Ninth. The pump-piston, provided with a cone upon one side and an annular rim
upon the other side, in combination with the cylinder provided with heads, each
having a recess or cavity for the reception of the said cone and rim beyond the
extreme ends of the bore of the cylinder, substantially in the manner and for the
purpose set forth.
Tenth. The improvement comprising the combination of the pumps, a system of
freezing pipes within a water-chamber or tank, and a series of condensing pipes with
the said freezing and condensing pipes arranged in open connection with the educ-
tion and induction ports or valves of the said pumps, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
Eleventh. The water-tank provided with a series of freezing pipes in open con-
nection with the pump, and agitating water-pipes arranged in relation to the said
freezing pipes and in combination with the rotary pump, substantially in the
manner and for the purpose set forth.
Twelfth. In an apparatus for making ice the improvements relating to the pipe-
couplings or joints in which the pipes are provided with a screw-thread and the
gland or follower has an interior thread to receive the said screw, and is arranged
and operates for compressing the packing in the cavity, and for removing the same.
as may be required, substantially in the manner described.
Thirteenth. In a stuffing box for ice-machines, the improvement comprising a
chamber or cavity for the reception of lubricating packing, with a stuffing box on
one or both sides of the said chamber in combination with the piston-rod, whereby
the said rod is lubricated and packed, substantially in the manner and for the pur-
pose specified.
Fourteenth. The improvement in stuffing boxes for ice-machines, comprising a
chamber or cavity which has a stuffing box on each side thereof, and is charged
with a lubricator surrounding and lubricating the piston, and at the same time
forming also a packing to prevent the escape of gas from the pump, substan-
tially in the manner described.
Fifteenth. In stuffing boxes, the thimble in combination with the shell, and
so constructed and arranged in relation to the said shell as to form a chamber
in the interior of the said thimble and an annular chamber between the exterior
of the said thimble and the interior face of the said shell, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
Sixteenth. A stuffing box consisting of the perforated thimble having an interior
chamber and concave ends with a collar or flange at each end thereof in combination
with the piston-rod, inlet, and shell whereby the lubricator is admitted through the
inlet into the annular chamber between the thimble and interior face of the shell,
and thence into the said interior chamber surrounding the piston-rod, as and for
tlie purpose set forth.
Seventeenth. An improved valve for ice-machines consisting of the screw-nut 21,
the packing 5, and the screw-stem I¹ provided with a valve, in combination with the

page_text: seat of the said valve and conduits leading to, and through, and from the said valve
and seat forming an inlet and outlet, substantially as described and for the purpose
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
WM. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)