IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SUGAR AND OTHER LIQUID SOLUTIONS."AL SPFIC
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Adolphe Leon, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, George Tessimond, and John Kissack, also of
Liverpool, aforesaid, Engineers and Ironfounders, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SUGAR AND OTHER LIQUID
SOLUTIONS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Adolphe Leon,
George Tessimond, and John Kissack, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th August 1865.
We, JEAN ADOLPHE LEON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, and GEORGE TESSIMOND and JOHN KISSACK, also of Liverpool,
aforesaid, Engineers and Ironfounders, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SUGAR AND OTHER
LIQUID SOLUTIONS," to be as follows.-
Apparatus constructed according to our Invention is especially suitable for
filtering solutions of sugar and cane juice; it may, however, be used for
filtering other solutions and liquid mixtures, such as dye stuffs.
Hereinafter we will refer to the filtration of sugar solutions, and apparatus
for that purpose, such apparatus, be it understood, being also suitable for
filtering other solutions and liquid mixtures.
When animal charcoal in powder, that is pulverized bone black, has been
applied to the clarification of concentrated cane juice or solutions of sugar, it

page_text: has always been found difficult to get rid of the black and to obtain a bright
and limpid liquor. The filters with textile fabric tried hitherto for removing
such bone black have been ineffective, and it is for the want of a proper filter
that the said bone black has been abandoned, and costly granulated charcoal
used as a substitute.
In the construction of a filter to allow of the employment of the said
pulverized bone black, the internal lower portions of the filter box or case
should be so arranged that no insoluble matter can rest upon it, and the outlet
from such box oi case inust be large in order not to be obstructed by the
black
We fulfil these two indispensable requirements in the following manner :-
We construct a box or case of a rectangular or other shape, and support or
form therein a perforated plate, to the under side of which latter we attach in
suspension cotton or other textile fabric filter bags. The internal lower
portions of the said filter are formed or htted with sides or plates which have
an incline towards the outlet cock. This cock, which is of an improved con-
struction, as herem-after mentioned, we make much larger than outlet cocks
have usually been made, say, double the size.
When a solution of sugar or cane juice is run into the filter it passes through
the perforated plate into the filter bags; the first discharge of liquor is impure,
consequently we return it by a gutter or way into the foul cistern. As soon,
however, as the liquor flows from the cock in a clear and limpid stream, it is
important that that liquor should be quickly directed into another gutter or
way, and conveyed to suitable cisterns or pans. We obtain a cock capable of
being quickly moved by making the plug hollow, and attaching to the delivery
nozzle a swivel or other jointed pipe, which can be moved so as to discharge
its contents into any desired channel
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Jean Adolphe Léon, George Tessimond, and John Kissack,
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEAN
ADOLPHE LÉON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and
GEORGE TESSIMOND, and JOHN KISSACK, also of Liverpool, aforesaid, Engineers
and Ironfounders, send greeting
WHEREAS Hei most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Der heirs and successors, give and giant unto us, the said
Jean Adolphe Léon, George Tessimond, and John Kissack, Her special license
that we, the said Jean Adolphe Léon, George Tessunond, and John Kissack,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Jean Adolphe Léon, George Tessimond, and John Kissack, our exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agice with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the terin therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING SUGAR AND OTHER
LIQUID SOLUTIONS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jean
Adolphe Léon, George Tessimond, and John Kissack, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Oflice within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jean Adolphe Léon, George Tessimond,
and John Kissack, do hereby declare the nature of our said Tuvention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say).-
Apparatus constructed according to our Invention, is especially suitable for
filtering solutions of sugar and cane juice, it may, however, be used for
separating liquids from minute solid substances, as in the manufacture of
farina and starch, and for filtering other solutions and liquid muxtures, such a>
dye stuffs.
Hereinafter we will refer to the filtration of sugar solutions, and apparatus
for that purpose, such apparatus. be it understood, being also suitable for
filtering other solutions and liquid mixtures.
When animal charcoal in powder, that is pulverized bone black, has been
appled hither to to the clarification of concentrated cane juice or solutions of
sugar, it has always been found difficult to get rid of the black, and to obtain
a bright and limpid liquor The hlters with textile fabrics tried hitherto for
removing such bone black have been ineffective, and it is for the want of a
proper filter that the said bone black has been abandoned, and costly granulated
charcoal used as a substitute.
In the construction of a filter to allow of the employment of the said pulver-
ized bone black, the nternal lower portions of the filter box or case should

page_text: be so arranged that no insoluble matter can rest upon them, and the oulet
from such box or case should be large, in order not to be obstructed by
the black.
We fulfil these two indispensable requirements in the following manner :-
We construct a box or case of a rectangular or other shape, and support or
form therein a perforated plate, to the under side of which latter we attach in
suspension cotton or other textile fabric filter bags. The internal lower
portions of the said filter are formed or fitted with sides or plates which slope
downwards to or have a declivous direction towards the outlet cock This cock,
which is of an improved construction, as herein-after mentioned, we make
much larger than outlet cocks have usually been made, say double the size.
B
When a solution of sugar or cane juice is run into the filter, it passes
through the perforated plate into the filter bags; the first discharge of liquor
is impure, consequently we return it by gutter or way into the foul cistern.
As soon, however, as the liquor flows from the cock in a clear and limpid
stream, it is important that that liquor should be quickly directed into another
We obtain a cock
gutter or way, and conveyed to suitable cisterns or pans
capable of being quickly moved by making the plug hollow, and attaching to
the delivery nozzle a swivel or other jointed pipe, which can be moved so as
to discharge its contents into any desired channel.
The construction and anangement of our apparatus and means or parts to
be used therewith to render it thoroughly effective are shown on the accom-
panying Sheet of Diawings in longitudinal elevation by Fig. 1, in lateral
section by Fig. 2, and in bird's-eye view by Fig. 3. Like letters of reference
indicate the same parts in all the views.
A denotes the filter box or case, composed principally of four external
upright metal plates numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, bolted together, and of two
transverse plates 5 and 6 placed inside, viz., the perforated plate 5 at about
twelve inches below the top of A, and the slanting plate 6 at the bottom of A ;
these plates 5 and 6 are supported on listels 7 and 8, projecting from plates 1, 2,
3, and 4. B, large double glanded metal cock with hollow plug, below which
a bent swivel pipe b, free to be moved round, discharges the contents of box A
either into troughs c', leading to the foul liquor cistern C into trough d' connected
with the clear liquor tank D, or to gutter e for duty water discharging into
a sink. Any desired number of gutters or ways could be used, two in addition
to those shewn on the Drawings would be useful, the one for sweet water and
the other for fine concentrated cane juice for liquoring or bleaching sugar i
the curing process.
It will be obv.ous that the construction of the cork, the object of which is to

page_text: allow the flow to be continuous, to be readily directed into any desired channel;
and to prevent deposition or detention of bone black, might be variously
modified, the features, viz, the moveable discharge piece and large size being
retained. F, small cock connected with perforated pipe f¹in the filter box to
egulate the admission and distribution of steam when heating is required; G,
man-hole door on the back of plate 2 of box A, fastened by means of two
swivel bolts and two hand screws i Bordering G is a tongue j, which fits
into a groove on plate 2, forming, with packing, an air or steam-tight joint.
L, elevated reservoir receiving the semi-liquids or solutions to be filtered, and
discharging them through cock M into a¹ or top compartment of box A; N;
nozzles let into plate 5, to which the cotton bags O with their sheaths aro
attached in the ordinary manner; P shews the suction and Q the delivery
pipe of a pump for raising solutions from C into L; Z, a man-hole door, by
which any of the bags when detached can be removed by a hook without
stopping the supply of solution to the filter.
Fig. 4 represents one of the nozzles N drawn to a larger scale; Fig. 5 plan
and side elevation of door G; and Fig. 6 plan and section of bottom plate 6.
It will be observed that there are three sloping surfaces on the plate 6 shewn,
all of which have their lowest point close to the discharging aperture; the
form might be varied.
The modus operands is as follows: - The concentrated cane juice which
even after skimming contains fine bone black in leaving the evaporating pan
of the Colonial sugai house, or the liquor coming from the clarifying vessel of
the European sugar refinery is run into the cistern C, and raised by pump
P, Q, to elevated reservon L, from which, by cock M, the mixture is trans-
fuired to space a¹ of box A, to be distributed to cotton bags O. The syrup
which flows through their texture being at first turbid is directed into foul
liquo cistern C to be re-filtered, so soon as the inner surfaces of the bags
are coated with charcoal they are in their normal state, there being two
filtering mediums, vegetal, and animal, the former of textile fabric, and the
latter of animal charcoal, a bright and limpid liquor is delivered. This is
passed into tank D, connected with the striking teache or with a vacuum pan.
To clean the filter it is necessary to close the cock B and inject steam through
Fand finto the box A When the bags and other parts have been suffi-
Creatly steamed to dissolve the saccharine matters cock F is shut and cock B
opened to allow the sweet water to run out. The bags O are removed by
door G, and a clean set attached in the places The door Z, which is novel,
is of great use, as it allows the bags when detached to be readily removed.
Having now described the nature and particularized our said Invention, we

page_text: would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves to the dimensions,
number of pieces, or proportions of the several parts, as these may be variously
modified without departing from the leading features of our Invention. We
would also have it understood that we do not claim as of our Invention all the
means or parts shewn on the Drawings and herein described, as these have
been added to shew how our Invention can be used most effectively; what we
claim is,―
Firstly, the combination in filtering apparatus of textile filter bags O, with
sloping or declivous lower part or bottom marked 6, substantially as herein-
described and for the purpose set forth.
Secondly, constructing the delivery cock marked B, with a moveable nozzle,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Thirdly, the combination in filtering apparatus, for the purpose set forth, of
the sloping or declivous bottom 6 and cock B, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jean Adolphe Léon, George Tessimond,
and John Kissack, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
Lundead and sixto c
1
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
1
JEAN ADOLPHE LÉON. (LS)
GEORGE TESSIMOND.
JOHN KISSACK.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)