TarDDAWOMENS IN BUTTON FASTENEDO An ADDADAMUG
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Marmaduke Marsden, of Henham
Villa, Lee Road, Blackheath, in the County of Kent, for the In.
antion of TarDDAWOMENS IN BUTTON FASTENEDO An
ADDADAMUG FAD
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Marmaduke
Marsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 17th March 1875.
I, FREDERICK MARMADUKE MARSDEN, of Henham Villa, Lee Road,
Blackheath, in the County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTON FASTENERS AND IN APPARATUS
FOR ÅTTACHING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been the ordinary practice to attach buttons to boots,
gloves, and other similar articles by means of sewing, but this method is
attended with the disadvantage of the thread being quickly worn out,
whereby the buttons become detached to the great inconvenience of the

page_text: wearer.
-
Now I propose to obviate such inconvenience in the following
manner I take a piece of wire or metal of suitable thickness and
either round, square, or flat, and form it into a shape somewhat
resembling that of the bit of a horse's bridle, but instead of the two ends
being curved into loops I form them into two points or prongs; these
prongs may be divided or split in two, and in order that they may pierce
through the leather or other material with greater facility I then make
a hole in the leather by means of an ordinary punch, and through this
hole I insert the shank of the button; I then take the piece of metal
wire so shaped, as aforesaid, which I shall call the metal fastener, and
pass it through the shank of the button, and in so doing the sharp prongs
project upwards through the face of the leather.
To render the metal fastening secure it only remains to clamp down
such prongs, which I do by means of a pair of pincers, the jaws of which
are formed in a hollow slot of sufficient width and length to permit of
the leather or other material lying loosely between them to avoid injury
by compression when they are closed.
The extremities of both jaws mect together in the ordinary manner,
so that when brought to bear upon the two prongs of the metal fastener
they clamp them firmly down and render them perfectly secure, whilst
the curve in the metal fastener, similar to that of a horse's bit as before
alluded to, permits of the casy play in any direction of the shank of the
button without bringing any undue strain thercon.
The advantages of my Invention as above described are,―

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Marmaduke Marsden in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
MARMADUKE MARSDEN, of Henham Villa, Lee Road, Blackheath, in
the County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
cighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick Marmaduke Marsden, Her special
license, that I, the said Frederick Marmaduke Marsden, my executors
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick
Marmaduke Marsden, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTON FASTENERS AND IN APPARATUS FOR
ATTACHING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick Marmaduke Marsden, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Marmaduke Marsden, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:―
Hitherto it has been the ordinary practice to attach buttons to boots,
gloves, and other similar articles by means of sewing, but this method is
attended with the disadvantage of the thread being quickly worn out,
whereby the buttons become detached to the great inconvenience of the
wearer. Now I propose to obviate such inconvenience in the following

page_text: manner: I take a piece of wire or metal of suitable thickness, and
either round, square, or flat, and form it into a shape somewhat
resembling that of the bit of a horse's bridle, but instead of the two ends
being curved into loops I form them into two points or prongs; these
prongs may be divided or split in two, and in order that they may pierce
through the leather or other material with greater facility I then make
a hole in the leather by means of a suitable punch, and through this hole
I insert the shank of the button; I then take the piece of metal wire so
shaped as aforesaid, which I shall call the metal fastener, and pass it
through the shank of the button, and in so doing the sharp prongs project
upwards through the face of the leather.
To render the metal fastening secure it only remains to clamp down
such prongs, which I do by means of a pair of pincers the jaws of which
are formed with a hollow slot of sufficient width and length to permit
of the leather or other material lying loosely between them to avoid
injury by compression when they are closed.
The jaws of the pincers are made in the following manner :-One jaw
is provided at the top with a small orifice and has two slots formed on
the inside thereof at a suitable distance apart. The other jaw is made a
little longer than the first and is provided at the top with a small longi-
tudinal slot of sufficient size to receive the end of the wire fastener, the
inside surface of the jaw is also provided with two slots corresponding
with the others on the other end, so that when the jaws are forced
together to clamp down the ends of the wire fastener it prevents the
wire slipping on either one side or the other and insures it being bent
down straight. The second jaw is also furnished at the top just beneath
the projecting prong with two other horizontal slots in order to be able
to bend the wire a little out of the perpendicular at first starting previous
to compressing it between the jaws as previously described. Thus by
bringing both jaws to bear upon the two prongs of the metal fastener
they clamp them firmly down and render them perfectly secure, whilst
the curve in the metal fastener similar to that of a horse's bit, as before
alluded to, permits of the casy play in any direction of the shank of
the button without bringing any undue strain thercon.
The advantages of my Invention as above described arc,-
Firstly Considerable economy in time and lohanu
-

page_text: And, Thirdly. A degree of durability and consequent comfort to
the wearer far exceeding that possessed by any other method hitherto
in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and the manner of performing the same I would
have it understood that what I claim is, the improvements in button
fasteners and in apparatus for attaching the same, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Marmaduke Marsden,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-five.
F. M. MARSDEN. (L.S.)