CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON; of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of July, in the fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the. said
William Edward Newton, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said William Edward, Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term, of
years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in
all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, an Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FUEL," being a communication from a foreigner
residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging
me, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my,
hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next. and immediately after the date of the said in part

page_text: recited Letters I atent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto nad!
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof
(that is to say)-
These improvements in the manufacture of fuel, which have been commu-
nicated to me as abovesaid, are the Inventions of M. André Weschniakoff, of
Saint Petersburgh, in Russia, Major of Engineers, and are described by him
as follows: This new combustible is called "carboleine," and is an artificially
greased coal; it is chiefly composed of two combustibles, namely, pulverized
coal and eitler vegetable or animal oil. There are different modes of manu-
facturing this "carboleine," according to the different purposes for which it is
required, either for steam engines, smithies, foundries, glass-houses, or for
heating common stoves, chimneys, and kitchen ranges in dwelling-houses. If
it is of consequence to have a combustible capable of giving out a very
considerable heat, and the cost is a matter of inferior consideration, then the
"carboleine" will be best made from coals, cokes, and brown coals, together
with some vegetable or animal oil, and fluid tar; if, on the contrary, the chief
object is to have a combustible which in proportion to its efficiency in heating
shall be cheaper than other materials hitherto used for that purpose, it will be
necessary to make the "carbolcine" from peat coals mixed with oil of tar or
some bitumen. The proportion or quantities of coals and oil to be mixed together
is to be regulated by the purpose for which the "carboleine" is intended, and
must depend upon the greater or less degree of heat required for such purpose.
In order to manufacture a good "carboleine," proceed as follows:-First take
such a quantity as may be convenient of coal, charcoal, coke, brown coals, or
peat coals, reduce them to powder by means of a grinding or stamping mill,
and afterwaads pass the pulverized material through several sieves to render
the powder as fine as possible; put this coal powder into wooden tubs, and let
it there be mixed with the animal or vegetable oil. In order to avoid
altogether the expensive use of hydraulic or mechanical presses to obtain a
compact mass out of this mixture of powder and oil, and also in order to
concentrate the heat and flame of the "carboleine," I make use of a well-stirred
loam or clay water, and mix the pulverized coal very carefully with it, so that
every atom of the powder be perfectly saturated with the water and earth, then
add to this mass such a proportion of oil as may be required, and mix it very
carefully with the materials. These processes of mixing may be easily

page_text: performed through very simple machines, and it matters not whether the oil is
mixed with the coal powder before or after the clay water has been combined
with it. The mass being thus mixed, it may be formed into cakes by any
convenient means, either by hand or by machines.. These cakes when made
must be placed in heated rooms to dry them, or during the warm season or in
warm climates it will be hardly necessary to employ artificial heat, the open
air being quite sufficient to effect the object; in both cases the loam or clay
water will evaporate, and the cakes become nearly as hard as stone, and when
burnt will yield much more heat than any other combustible known. The
loam or clay water repeatedly mentioned is composed of two or two and a
half parts of water, and one part loam or clay, which must be completely
dissolved in it. The proportionate quantities of the materials of which the
different qualities of "carboleine" may be composed may be stated as
follows: For a fuel, which I shall call No. 1, take twenty-four parts of coal
or coke, six or seven parts of clay water, one part of oil, and one of bitumen
or tar. For another artificial fuel, to be called No. 2, take twenty-four parts
of coals or coke, six or seven parts of loam or clay water, and two parts of
mineral, animal, or vegetable oil. Another fuel, No. 3, may be produced by
the following proportions being observed:-Forty parts of coal, thirty-six parts
of loam or clay water, and four parts of animal, vegetable, or other oil.
-
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Seventh day of January,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Edward Newton came
before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Seventh day of January, in the year above written.