Jalousies, Louvres, Pivoting Sashes &c., working by
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1886.
Complete Left, 21st Oct., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Feb., 1887.
JOHN EDWARD BALE of Colchester in the County of Essex and Kingston Jamaica
West Indies, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Jalousies, Louvres, Pivoting Sashes &c., working by action of the wind or heated
atmosphere.
Jalousies are the usual expedients to exclude excessive light and heat, and admit
air to Buildings in all tropical or hot climates; but those in use in India, Australia;
the West Indies and Africa and in America are similar in construction and adjust-
ment, easily damaged or deranged, they are a constant source of Expence for
Repairs through accidental injury and loss of fitments; the most vital objection being
the time required to close a number of them where only a few hands are available.
Long ranges of Verandahs, and rooms even, get swamped in cases of sudden rain
storin, and in variable weather they require constant attendance.
The Automatic Jalousies adjust themselves according to pressure of wind upon
them, and regulating the current of air admitted by the windows, or other openings;
they also exclude the rain when driven against them by the wind; Their action is
smooth and noiseless, no liability to damage or derangement, only fair wear and tear.
The complete Automatic action of these Jalousies is produced by a counterbalance
weight, which acts equally on each louvre by a connecting adjusting rod; The
weight is in three gradations or sections, which are brought successively into
action and accumulate resistance in proportion to force of wind on the louvres ;
The louvres, or Sashes may pivot horizontally or vertically, and the counterbalance
weight being within reach, they are under perfect control when fixed in ordinarily
inaccessible positions, louvres or sashes of any size or proportion can be fitted with,
and controlled by a slight modification of this action, as well as the smallest louvres
in jalousied panels of window shutters or doors.
Permanant light is obtained by glazing the top of the window which would be
shaded from direct rays of Sun by the lintle, or sofit of arched head, when

page_text: All these appliances can be closed and secured by simple fastenings, adapted to
variety of situation and circumstances.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet No. 1-Fig. 1. Represents section of louvres, in wood (half the average size)
in jalousied panels of window shutters, or doors; Counterbalance weight A, in
section a quadrant, fixed to the lower of louvre its axis coincides with pivots of
louvre at this point, length equal to width of louvre ;-When in equilibrium as here
shown, it sets the louvre open at the required angle, and this louvre being connected
with the others by the adjusting rod C they move uniformly together by pressure of
wind on the outside of them; B shows position of weight when louvres close, shown
by dotted lines on same figure, this economic arrangement is thoroughly efficient for
all ordinary jalousied panels and small window openings.
Rain
2. Section of composite wood and metal louvres A fixed to work in stone or brick
jambs of windows jamb shown in elevation; D D rebate, serrated to coincide with
overlapping position of louvres when closed upon it; The dotted lines E E is a
groove on face of rebate to receive any rain water or moisture that may work in
between end of louvres and jamb, and carry same down and off at cill, which is shown
here in section. "P"-pivot hole formed in lead plug let into jamb, into which the
louvre pivots are screwed; P shown in section in fig. 3; The louvres pivot at back
and upper edge, the eye P, working on smooth part of pivot screws;
Guards Rin metal, are provided at back and ends of louvres to prevent rain falling
on face of the louvre being driven over, and into the room by the wind ;-S is also in
metal and keeps wind and water out from overlap when louvres are closed; S and R
stiffen and prevent windeing of wood louvre from effect of alternate rain and sun;
1. levers in metal attached to adjusting rod (by pivot screws, move all levers together
and equally, when acted on by the wind and controlled by the counterbalance, which
is here illustrated by the cami B and quadrant lever Q. L, supplimenting a weight in
direction of W; The cam obviates the necessity for a great weight, when large
sashes or many louvres have to be controlled; The cam is attached to, or forms
part of the quadrant lever, in which the chain suspending the weights, works,
quadrant and cam having a common axis P, the louvres when closing by pressure of
wind on them, raise the adjusting rod C turning the cam by the chain attached to
it, thereby gradually lessening the degree of leverage, and increasing the effect of the
counterbalance weight as the louvres close; This gearing being in metal the quadrant
may be prolonged across the width of the window opening, and serve as a sufficient
counterbalance in some cases.
.
3. Shows back of louvres A and jamb D in elevation, the same letters of reference
being here used to denote the various parts as in fig. 2; "F" shows part of the jamb
in section also lead plug, pivot screw, and eye and part of lever of louvre; Cam B is
shown working out from instead of toward the louvres, as this can be effected by a
simple variation in position of levers, a metal washer is placed between eye of cam

page_text: and lead plug in jamb, and similarly washers may be 'put to all pivots of louvres :
This diagram is half size of average louvres which may be entirely of wood if circum-
stances necessitate it.
Sheet No. 2-Represents vertical section through metal framed louvres, filled with
glass G. G-"P" pivot block and eyes cast or made on frame, levers attached by
screws to pivot block and louvre frame, and connecting by pivots to adjusting rod C-
Sections of metal lintel and cill piece, and elevation of metal jamb-bar J-Pivots of
these louvres are screwed through eye in pivot-block, the smooth end thereof projects
and works in a pivot hole in jamb bar.
Rain guards are formed at back and ends of louvres, and the flange at E, checked
on upright astragal of frame keeps wind out of overlap when louvres are closed, as
shown by dotted lines; A groove and tongue arrangement at outer ends of louvres,
and on jamb bar keeps out rajn, and leads moisture down and off at cill; The glass
is held in by clips made on frame at lower corners D, and at top of louvre by angle
iron F extending along and attached to back rain guard by screws; To make this
action airtight, a strip of rubber, or other suitable material may be screwed in between
and project upwards to touch the glass of louvre next above when closed; Putty is
only needed sufficient to stop in the panes of glass watertight.
Diagram half size.-W, is the weight attached to connecting rod C, producing
automatic action, (not drawn here to relative scale) is shown in section; A piston
rod is screwed into upper section thereof, which lifts by light pressure of wind on
louvres, till the fixed nut or washer X comes in apposition with flange in upper part
of second section-which then lifts till the lower nut, which is screwed on lower end
of the piston rod brings the last section into action; By means of the screws at each
end of piston rod this weight adjusts the louvres to any initial pitch or weathering
from rain or sun;
Any tendency to clicking noise by impact of one section on
another, is prevented by washers of soft-cloth; This compound weight combined with
the cam gives perfectly smooth action to the largest louvres or sashes.
J. E. BALE, A.R.I.B.A.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Self Adjusting Waterproof Louvres for Ventilating Buildings and
other Spaces.
I, JOHN EDWARD BALE of 9 Creffield Terrace Colchester in the County of Essex,
and Kingston Jamaica West Indies, (a retired Major of Her Majesty's Army)
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention for SELF ADJUSTING WATER-
PROOF LOUVRES, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the construction of self adjusting waterproof Louvres for
Ventilating Buildings and other spaces, and is designed to afford constant and
equiable circulation of air by the said louvres closing according to the pressure of
atmosphere or wind upon them, and to work without noise; The frictional parts
being ordinarily in motion rust and accretions are prevented, No liability to derange-
ment, only fair wear and tear.
In addition to the material ordinarily employed in the construction of louvres I use
metal, wood, and glass, or composites of these materials; The louvres are controlled
equally and together by a counterbalance weight, or weights, connected with
adjusting rods attached to the louvres, which bring the weight or weights into action
accumulating resistance as the louvres close. The counterbalance can be applied in a
variety of ways to sashes or louvres either pivoted horizontally or vertically. A cam
may be used intermediately, where desirable, to avoid large weights. For small
louvres a counterbalance weight is attached to the lower louvre, (which is connected
with the other louvres) by the usual rods) and having its axis coincident with the
pivots of the louvre it sets them open when in equilibrium and as they close according
to pressure of wina upon them the weight is raised out of equilibrium and increases
resistance till the louvres are closed.
Similar louvres are made of duplex action and construction to regulate air into, or
out of spaces.
Louvres are rendered weather proof by rain guards at back and ends; A grooved
rebate to jambs of window or other openings, also a tongue to ends of the metal
framed louvres.
In positions where wind does not act as a motive agent, I use water or other
fluid enclosed in a metal cylinder acted on by temperature of the room or space to
serve part of the counterbalance and put the louvres in action, as hereinafter described.
This apparatus consists of a cylinder of thin metal, with tube inserted air tight
in bottom thereof which dips into a bucket of suitable shape at one end of a lever,
and as it fills or empties from the cylinder acts as a graduated weight; a regulating
metal weight, moveable as required is on opposite arm of lever, and connecting rods,
up and down, at adjustable distances Each side of fulcrum of lever to work louvres
admitting cool air below and let out hot air above in spaces.-At the intended tem-
perature the cylinder is charged with more fluid than capacity of the bucket, by
applying hot water externally expanding air in the cylinder, and contracting as it
cools draws the supply of water or fluid up the tube into the cylinder, then if

page_text: temperature of the space rises, it supplies the bucket which opens the louvres, and
conversely as the bucket empties by lowering of surrounding temperature, the louvres
are closed. It is sensative to variation of 30 temperature, with power in proportion to
leverage and size of aparatus.
A drawing of it is annexed and the drawings sent with the provisional specification
are intended to serve also for this the final specification.
Sheet No. 0.-A cylinder charged with the proportion of water or fluid, shown in
Section, B. Bucket D°. I. Lever, P. Pivot or fulcrum of lever, C. C. the connecting
adjusting rods to louvres W. Regulating weight, B. L. Plan of bucket and end
of lever.
Sheet No. 1. Fig. 1. Small louvres for jalousied panels in window shutters doors &c.
made in wood, the counterbalance weight A in section a quadrant, and same length as
louvre, attached to the lower thereof its axis coincident with pivots of louvres, and
by connecting rod C all louvres are set open when weight is in equilibrium, as shown
by section, dotted lines indicate position of weight when louvres are closed B. The
counterbalance weight for these and similar louvres may be a hollow rod of metal and
loaded to the required preponderance. Fig. 2 Composite, wood louvres with metal
fitments, to be fixed and work in stone or brick jambs on pivots P. P. Screwed into
lead plugs jamb shown in elevation with rebate D. D. Serrated to coincide with
overlap of louvres when closed, a groove in face of rebate shown by dotted lines E. E.
recieves moisture that may work in at ends of louvres, level it down and off at cill
Louvres in section A A open, rain guards R R levers L L connecting, adjusting rod C
to which weight or weights is attached in direction W, eill in section, Fig. 3 Eleva-
tion of back of louvres, jamb &c. the same letters of reference as in Fig. 2.
;
Sheet No. 2, Vertical section through metal framed louvres, filled with panes of
glass G G secured at the lower corners D D by metal clips, or a groove in frame, and
at top by angle metal screwed to back rain guard R R putty only sufficient to stop in
glass watertight, pivot blocks and eye P. P on frame, lever arms may be made on or to
attach by screws to frame. Jamb bar J, in elevation, lintel and cill in section, Rain
guards formed at back R R and ends of louvres, and the flange at E. E. checked on
upright astragal of frame when louvres close keeps wind out of overlap, shown by
dotted lines, and a strip of rubber or other suitable material may be screwed in
between angle metal and back rain guard and projecting upward to touch the under
side of glass of the louvre next above when closed W. Weight in three sections or
gradations which are brought successively into action by the connecting, adjusting,
rod C, accumulating resistance as the louvres close, Weight in section not drawn to
relative scale, as its size depends on number and size of louvres the weights control,
in plan they may be square, round, or other shape adapted to position.
All description of louvres may be closed and fastened by simple appliances according
to situation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is
Louvres (or pivoting sashes) made self adjusting by counterbalance weight or
weights accumulating resistance as wind closes the louvres, also the employment of
water, or other fluid, acted on by temperature as a motive agent to put louvres in
action, as hereinbefore described."
JOHN EDWARD BALE.