IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF CIRCUITS AND IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION BY TELEPHONE."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick D'Artrey Goold of No. 175 Euston Road in
the County of Middlesex Electrical Engineer for an invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF CIRCUITS AND IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE
COMMUNICATION BY TELEPHONE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick D'Artrey Goold
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1882.
FREDERICK D'ARTREY GOOLD of No. 175 Euston Road in the County of
Middlesex Electrical Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF
CIRCUITS AND IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION BY TELEPHONE'
"
This invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement of circuits
and in apparatus to facilitate communication by Telephone.
I work with closed circuits and at the "exchange "I provide a switch board to
which all the subscribers wires are brought, they are attached to a series of
longitudinal bars of metal, each to each. The bars are insulated from each other
and also from other bars which cross them at right angles and which are for the
purpose of coupling as hereinafter described any two subscribers who may desire
to converse. Also near to but insulated from each bar of the series representing
the subscribers wires, there is a piece of metal and a peg can be inserted between
this and the bar.. The insertion of the peg completes the circuit through the
subscribers wire and in this circuit a battery at the exchange is included. This is:
the position when the circuit is not in use. The circuit also includes, at the
exchange, an electro magnetic indicator which by retaining its armature shews.
that the Subscriber to whom the indicator appertains does not at this time desire
to converse. Whenever a momentary break in the continuity of the circuit occurs
the armature falls away from the magnet; such a break takes place when the
subscriber removes his telephone from its hook and so at once indication is given
to the exchange of his desire to speak.

page_text: The armature of the indicator in falling breaks the connection with its own
magnet and establishes another connection through the speaking and receiving
instruments of the exchange so that the attendant at the exchange is at once in
communication with the subscriber who calls.
When the exchange desires to call a subscriber it is done by removing and
replacing the pin already referred to and the momentary opening and reclosing
of the circuit brings the subscribers bell into operation by means hereinafter
described.
.
To couple two subscribers for conversation the pegs of each are removed and
inserted into other holes thereby connecting one subscriber with one of the
transverse bars and the other with another, and these two transverse bars are
connected one with the positive and the other with the negative pole of a battery.
As the subscribers instruments have earth connections they become coupled in one
complete circuit. The circuit also includes at the exchange another electro
magnetic indicator which so long as the circuit is complete retains its armature,
but the armature falls when either subscriber hangs up his telephone and the
falling announces to the attendant at the exchange that the conversation is at an
end. Thus the operator at the exchange knows when the subscribers are in
communication and that without listening for the electric magnetic indicator
cannot hold its armature unless a steady electric current is passing which does
not happen while the bell is ringing but only when the two subscribers converse
together.
The subscribers instrument contains an electro magnet and when the instrument
is not in use and the telephone is hanging upon its hook this magnet is in circuit
the connection being through its own armature and a contact spring. If now the
circuit be momentarily broken at the exchange this armature falls away from the
magnet and away from the contact spring already referred to, it comes against
another spring and completes a connection through the call bell which (the circuit
being immediately closed again at the exchange) commences to ring. Upon the
subscribers telephone being removed from its hook the bell is thereby put out of
circuit and the subscribers speaking and receiving instruments are connected up.
At the end of the conversation on the telephone being again put on the hook the
hook in passing from its lower to its upper contact acts against a projection upon
the back of the armature and pushes it up to the first spring previously mentioned
thereby completing the circuit through the electro magnet and the magnet being
by the same movement, brought into circuit, the armature is held. The brake in
the continuity of the circuit during this passage of the hook from one contact to
the other gives intimation to the exchange that the conversation is at an end.
The operation of disconnecting the subscribers at the exchange again produces a
momentary brake and this sets the subscribers bells ringing and lets them know
that they have been taken off. They stop the bells by means of a little lever which
when moved brings the armature in the subscribers instrument back to the face of
the magnet.
Thus according to my invention a subscriber wishing to communicate bas
nothing to do but to take down his telephone and speak to the exchange
directing the connection which he desires to be made. He will then, whilst
listening in his own instrument, hear the connection made and the ringing of the
bell belonging to the subscriber to whom he wishes to speak. When this ceases he
has only to speak to the person who he knows is ready to receive the
communication. All the batteries are at the exchange, where they are easily
looked after; and the apparatus at the exchange is automatic to place the exchange
in communication with any subscriber desiring to communicate.
'
Where upon an open circuit system several subscribers are placed upon the same
wire I provide the following means for ringing for any one of them without
disturbing the others. Each subscriber has a bell with a local battery and a
clock work apparatus to aid in making the contact for the bell. The clockwork is
retained by a detent in connection with an armature of an electro magnet in the
1

page_text: main circuit. An instantaneous current through the magnet causes the detent to
be withdrawn and the clockwork starts into motion and continues to run until on
the completion of a rotation the detent again drops into its notch. The clockwork
rotates a disc on which are the numbers of the several subscribers upon the
circuit. When the right number comes round another current should be sent
through the line and maintained whilst the number is passing. The current causes
the armatures in all the clock work instruments to be attracted.
The armature in each instrument carries a contact spring and when the
armature is attracted this spring presses against the surface of a disc or wheel of
insulating material carrying at the proper place a piece of metal. On the spring
coming against this piece of metal the local circuit in this instrument is
completed. As these pieces of metal are differently placed in each instrument
and as all the clock trains run at the same speed no two bells will ring, at the
same time and the bell rung on closing the main circuit will be that corresponding
to the number which the clockwork is at the moment exhibiting.
1

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick D'Artrey Goold in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th October 1882.
FREDERICK D'ARTREY GOOLD of No. 175 Euston Road in the County of
Middlesex Electrical Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF
CIRCUITS AND IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE COMMUNICATION BY TELEPHONE."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the arrangement of circuits
and in apparatus to facilitate communication by telephone.
I work with closed circuits and at the "exchange" I provide a switch board to
which all the subscribers wires are brought they are attached to a series of longi-
tudinal bars of metal, each to each. The bars are insulated from each other and
also from other bars which cross them at right angles and which are for the purpose
of coupling as herein after described any two subscribers who may desire to
converse. Also near to but insulated from each bar of the series representing the
subscribers wires, there is a piece of metal and a peg can be inserted between this
.and the bar. The insertion of the peg completes the circuit through the subscribers
wire, and in this circuit a battery at the exchange is included. This is the position,
when the circuit is not in use. The circuit also includes, at the exchange, an electro
magnetic indicator which by retaining its armature shews that the subscriber to
whom the indicator appertains does not at this time desire to converse. Whenever
a momentary break in the continuity of the circuit occurs the armature falls
away from the magnet; such a break takes place when the subscriber removes his
telephone from its hook and so at once indication is given to the exchange of his
desire to speak.
The armature of the indicator in falling breaks the connection with its own
magnet and establishes another connection through the speaking and receiving
instruments of the exchange so that the attendant at the exchange is at once in
communication with the subscriber who calls.
When the exchange desires to call a subscriber it is done by removing and
replacing the pin already referred to and the momentary opening and reclosing
of the circuit brings the subscribers bell into operation by means hereafter
described.
To couple two subscribers for conversation the pegs of each are removed and
inserted into other holes, thereby connecting one subscriber with one of the trans-
verse bars and the other with another; and these two transverse bars are connected,
one with the positive and the other with the negative pole of a battery. As the
subscribers instruments have earth connections they become coupled in one
complete circuit. The circuit also includes at the exchange another electro
magnetic indicator which so long as the circuit is complete retains its armature,
but the armature falls when either subscriber hangs up his telephone and the
falling announces to the attendant at the exchange that the conversation is at.
an end.
Thus the operator at the exchange knows when the subscribers are in commu-
nication and that without listening for the electro magnetic indicator cannot hold
its armature unless a steady electric current is passing which does not happen
while the bell is ringing but only when the two subscribers come together.
The subscribers instrument contains an electro-magnet and when the instrument
is not in use, and the telephone is hanging upon its hook, this magnet is in circuit
the connection, being through its own armature and a contact spring. If now the
circuit be momentarily broken at the exchange, this armature falls away from the

page_text: magnet and away from the contact spring already referred to; it comes against
another spring and completes a connection through the call bell which (the circuit
being immediately closed again at the exchange) commences to ring.
Upon the
subscribers telephone being removed from its hook the bell is thereby put out of
circuit and the subscribers speaking and receiving instruments are connected up.
At the end of the conversation, on the telephone being again put on the hook the
hook in passing from its lower to its upper contact acts against a projection upon
the back of the armature and pushes it up to the first spring previously mentioned
thereby completing the circuit through the electro-magnet, and the magnet being
by the same movement, brought into circuit, the armature is held. The break in
the continuity of the circuit during this passage of the hook from one contact, to the
other gives intimation to the exchange that the conversation is at an end. The
operation of disconnecting the subscribers at the exchange again produces a
momentary break and this sets the subscribers bell ringing and lets them know
that they have been taken off. They stop the bells by means of a little lever,
which when moved brings the armature in the subscribers instrument back to the
face of the magnet.
Thus according to my Invention a subscriber wishing to communicate has
nothing to do but to take down his telephone and speak to the exchange
directing the connection which he desires to be made. He will then whilst
listening in his own instrument, hear the connection made and the ringing of the
bell belonging to the subscriber to whom he wishes to speak. When this ceases
he has only to speak to the person who he knows is ready to receive the communi-
cation. All the batteries are at the exchange, where they are easily looked after,
and the apparatus at the exchange is automatic to place the exchange communication
with any subscriber desiring to communicate.
Where upon an open circuit system several subscribers are placed upon the same
wire I provide the following means for ringing for any one of them without
disturbing the others. Each subscriber has a bell with a local battery and a clock
work apparatus to aid in making the contact for the bell. The clockwork is
retained by a detent in connection with an armature of an electro magnet in the
main circuit. An instantaneous current through the magnet causes the detent to
be withdrawn and the clock work starts into motion and continues to run until on
the completion of a rotation the detent again drops into its notch. The clockwork
rotates a disc on which are the numbers of the several subscribers upon the circuit.
When the right number comes round another current should be sent through the
line and maintained whilst the number is passing. The current causes the
armatures in all the clock work instruments to be attracted.
The armature in each instrument carries a contact spring and when the armature
is attracted this spring presses against the surface of a disc or wheel of insulating
material carrying at the proper place a piece of metal. On the spring coming
against this piece of metal the local circuit in this instrument is completed. As
these pieces of metal are differently placed in each instrument and, as all the clock
trains run at the same speed no two bells will ring at the same time and the bell
rung on closing the main circuit will be that corresponding to the number which
the clock work is at the moment exhibiting.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed..
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a front view and Figure 2 is an edge view of the switch board.
The spring strips a¹, a², a³, &c, shown in dotted lines in Figure 1, are those. to
which the subscribers lines are connected. 61, 62, &c. are other bars crossing spring
strips at right angles. c¹, c², &c. are metal blocks one for each bar a. d, d, are
pegs by which the connections are made. The normal state of each line is with
the peg inserted so as to make metallic connection between the spring strip a, and

page_text: '
the block c. The block c', c², &c, is connected with e, e, &c, which are battery
terminals. The other terminals f', f2, &c, of the batteries are connected with the
supports to which the armatures and indicators g', g², &c, are pointed. When the
armatures are against the magnets the circuits pass through the spring, h², &c,
and the coils of the magnet ; ; &c, to earth the return being through the
subscribers wire.
When the armature has fallen, then the circuit is by the spring e, ², &c, and so
to earth but through the instruments of the attendant at the station so that he
then can talk with the subscriber and ascertain his wants.
'
The bars b¹, b, &c, are in pairs and the two bars of each pair are connected with
battery terminals. - and +.
When two subscribers desire to speak together, pegs
-
are inserted to connect one of them to the + bar and the other with the bar
and the subscribers wires having earth connections at the further ends the circuit
is complete. The circuit contains an electro-magnet indicator l, which retains its
armature whilst the circuit remains unbroken, but on the circuit being opened to
indicate that the conversation is over the armature falls.
The attendant then shifts the pegs, connecting each subscriber with his block c,
and replacing his indicator g, against the face of the magnet.
Figure 3 is a front view and Figure 4 is a side view shewing the mechanism
of the subscribers instrument.
m is the call electro-magnet, and n, its armature carried upon the spring stem n¹,
the armature is connected by its stem with the line wire and when it is held by
the magnet m, the armature makes contact with the spring o the current then
goes through this spring and through the coils of the magnet to earth.
When the armature falls away from the call magnet the circuit is closed through
another contact spring p. If then the receiving telephone be upon its hook the
current goes from p, to the bell q, and from the bell to the support 7, against which
the telephone hook t, then rests. The telephone hook is connected to earth so
the circuit is complete. On the receiving telephone being taken down the circuit
is for an instant broken and is immediately completed again through the lower
support, the speaking and receiving telephones and the spring p.
When the
receiving telephone is hung up at the end of the conversation the end of the hook t
operates against the projection n², on the armature and thrusts it forward to the
face of the call magnet and as by the same movement the circuit is closed the
armature remains. v, is a lever which when moved side wise similarly operates to
approach the armature to the face of the magnet. By this lever the bell can be
stopped ringing when it has. been brought into action by a momentary opening of
the circuit at the station.
Figure 5 is a side view and Figure 6 is a back view of the call bell which I
einploy when there are several subscribers upon one line wire worked upon the
ordinary open circuit system.
Clockwork when set free gives motion as indicated in the drawing to an axis A,
upon which is a wheel B, driving a pinion C. The axis of the pinion also carries
a fly; or by like means the several instruments employed on the line are set to
the same speed. The axis A, is also geared with equal wheels to another axis D,
upon which is a notched disc E. F is a lever having its fulcrum at F¹, a tooth
upon it drops into the notch in the disć E and retains the clock work. G, is an
electromagnet in the line circuit, its armature is fixed upon the lever F, and a
spring presses the armature away from the magnet.
H is an index upon the axis A, as the axis revolves it points in succession to
the names of the several subscribers marked upon a dial; or to numbers by which
the names are indicated.
I is a wireel on the axis A, it is made of ivory or other insulating material and
it carries upon its face a metal strip I'. K is a spring carried upon the back of the
lever F, and when the magnet attracts the armature it rests against the wheel I.
If the strip 1' be passing it makes contact with it. By suitable connections the
strip. I, and the spring K, are made to form part of a local bell circuit.

page_text: When the current passes in the circuit the magnet overpowers the spring, draws
the armature to itself takes the tooth out of the notch in the disc E, and starts the
apparatus.
"The axis A, when started makes a complete revolution before it is stopped and
each name or number is indicated in succession. If as the name or number
required is indicated the magnet is again caused to attract the armature the bell
circuit in this instrument is closed and this subscriber is called without disturbing
any other.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I would have it understood that I claim :-
First. The normal arrangement of the subscribers lines, that is to say, in circuit
with a battery and an electro-magnet indicator at the station, which indicator
when the circuit is opened by the subscriber, releases its armature and the
armature in falling away places in circuit the attendants instruments, substantially
as described.
Second. The method of coupling subscribers wishing to converse through a
battery at the station, substantially as described.
Third. The arrangement of the coupling board the subscribers lines being
connected with a series of parallel metallic bars, crossed by other bars which are
battery terminals, and the requisite connections being made at the intersections of
the bars by the insertion of pins, or other like contrivance substantially as
described.
Fourth, The call arrangement in the subscribers instrument, consisting of call
magnet in the line circuit which retains its armature so long as the circuit is
complete, but allows the armature to fall away and connect up the bell when this
circuit is momentarily opened, substantially as described.
Fifth. The telephone hook, operating to replace the armature of the call magnet
when the telephone is hung up, substantially as described.
Sixth. The individual call bell, for calling one or other of several subscribers on
the same line wire, such call bell consisting of mechanism started into motion by
a signal and carrying a contact piece through which the bell circuit is closed upon
another signal being made at the proper time and whilst the mechanism is is
motion substantially as described.
Seventh. My improvements in the arrangement of circuit and in apparatus to
facilitate communication by telephone, substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Frederick D'Artrey Goold have hereunto set
my hand and seal this twenty ninth day of September in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.