IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE AXLES AND HUB FITTINGS AND THE SPRINGS OF VEHICLES AND IN DOOR FITTINGS THEREFOR APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER USES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Weatherill of the City of Manchester in the
County of Lancaster Commercial Traveller for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE AXLES AND HUB FITTINGS AND THE
SPRINGS OF VEHICLES AND IN DOOR FITTINGS THEREFOR APPLICABLE IN
PART TO OTHER USES
"
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Weatherill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1882.
HENRY WEATHERILL of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Commercial Traveller, "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE AXLES AND
HUB FITTINGS AND THE SPRINGS OF VEHICLES AND IN DOOR FITTINGS THEREFOR
APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER USES
My Invention relates in the first place to the axles and hub fittings for carriages.
The hub bearing revolves between a fixed and adjustable collar upon the axle.
The latter collar screws upon a screwed extension of the axle and has also an
exterior screw thread. A slot is formed in the said axle extension and a number
of slots in the collar. When the collar is adjusted a recessed or shouldered cottar is
passed through slots in the collar and through the axle extension and a nut upon
the said collar is screwed up to the cottar to keep the latter in place a spring
behind the said nut preventing it from working back. The loose collar may be
coned or otherwise formed to act as a bearing or may be used to keep a bearing in
position. In a modification a screwed adjusting stud formed with a flat, coned or
rounded end bears against the axle end or against an interposed washer and a
locking cottar engages with grooves in the bush or bearing or in a part fixed in or
to the hub the locking nut and spring retaining the cottar. In another modi-
fication the wheel cap is made to serve as a locking nut. I adapt the coned end
axle bearing to the improved axle and hub bearing for which in conjunction with
other matter Letters Patent bearing date the nineteenth day of November 1880
and numbered 4767 have been granted to me. In another arrangement I form
13

page_text: two collars upon the axle in order to retain lubricant and I make the bearing
which enters between these collars in two halves leather washers being added to
keep in the lubricant. In the second place my Invention relates to the door locks
and door fittings and has for its object to prevent rattling. I cone or taper the
handle spindle at the parts where it fits in the latch or latch tumblers and
correspondingly form the said latch or tumblers to receive the spindle. On the
inner end of the spindle I fit a metal sleeve which is also coned or tapered at the
inner end to fit the latch or tumbler so that when screwed up the parts act as if
made in one piece. I also form a bearing for the sleeve or spindle in an enlarged
part of the wedge or dovetail catch. To prevent the door and window from
rattling I employ pistons or pushers which slide in sockets and are acted upon by
spiral springs. The outer ends of the said pistons are rounded or beveled or are
provided with anti-friction bowls and exert a yielding pressure upon the window
or door. This part of my Invention is also applicable to other than carriage
windows.
A remaining part of my Invention relates to supporting springs and to spring
connections and consists in interposing balls, cylinders or blocks of a suitably
elastic material between the spring ends or between the parts of shackles or of
shackles and scroll irons or of similar connections. According to one method I cup
the ends of the back plates and interpose between such ends a ball of caoutchouc
and in some cases I also interpose bearing cups of brass or other suitable metal or
material. between the back plates and the said ball. A bolt-passing through the
centre of the ball holds the parts together or bolts passing outside the ball-aro
used in lieu of the central bolt. I prefer to interpose elastic or insulating washers
between the back plates and the bolt head or bolt head washer and the nut
washer. When elastic cylinders or blocks which are not spherical are used the
ends of the back plates or the interposed cups are made suitable in form. In
some cases the cups and balls or blocks may be used_in_the bedding-of-springs-or-
other parts of vehicles. In some cases the said balls or blocks may be of a
compound nature as for example they may have cores of a harder substance.
-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Weatherill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st May
1883.
HENRY WEATHERILL of, the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Cominercial Traveller "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO THE AXLES AND
HUB FITTINGS AND THE SPRINGS OF VEHICLES AND IN DOOR FITTINGS THEREFOR
APPLICABLE IN PART TO OTHER USES
My Invention relates in the first place to the axles and hub fittings for carriages.
The hub bearing revolves between a fixed and an adjustable collar upon the axle
The latter collar screws upon a screwed extension of the axle and has also an
exterior screw thread. A slit is formed in the said axle extension and a number
of slots in the collar. When the collar is adjusted a recessed or shouldered cottar
is passed through slots in the collar and through tho axle extension and a nut
upon the said collar is screwed up to the cottar to keep the latter in place a spring
behind the said nut preventing it from working back. The loose collar may be
coned or otherwise formed to act as a bearing or may be used to keep a bearing in
position. In a modification a screwed adjusting stud formed with a flat, coned or
rounded end bears against the axle end or an interposed washer and a locking
cottar engages with grooves in the bush or bearing or a part fixed in or to the hub
the locking nut and spring retaining the cottar. In another modification the
wheel cap is made to serve as a locking nut. I adapt the coned end axle bearing
to the improved axle and bearing for which in conjunction with other matter
Letters Patent bearing date the nineteenth day of November 1880 and numbered
4767 have been granted to me. In the second place my Invention relates to the
door locks and door fittings and has for its object to prevent rattling. I cone or
taper the handle spindle at the parts where it fits in the latch or latch tumbler
and correspondingly form the said latch or tumbler to receive the spindle. On the
inner end of the spindle I fit a metal sleeve which is also coned or tapered at the
inner end to fit the latch or tumbler so that when screwed up the parts act as if
made in one piece. To prevent the door and window from rattling I employ
pistons or pushers which slide in sockets and are acted upon by spiral springs.
The outer ends of the said pistons are rounded or beveled or are provided with
anti-friction bowls and exert a yielding pressure upon the window or door. This
part of my invention is also applicable to other than carriage windows. A
remaining part of my invention relates to supporting springs and to spring
connections and consists in interposing balls, cylinders or blocks of a suitably
elastic material enclosed within cups or cases between the spring ends or between
the parts of shackles or of shackles and scroll irons or of similar connections.
In order that my invention may be well understood I have attached hereunto
two sheets of drawings illustrative of the same the said drawings being marked
with letters of reference. Referring to Sheet 1 of the said drawings. Figs. 1 to 6
are illustrative of the first part of my invention. In Fig 1 which is drawn partly
in section a represents the end of a carriage axle upon which is fitted to revolve
the hub bearing or bush b which is fixed in the hub of the wheel. The axle is
formed with an extension a' which is screwed and upon this is screwed an adjustable
collar c which is formed with a screwed shank. In the example one end of this
collar is coned and fits a hollow cone which is formed in the end of the bearing b
but the forms of these bearing surfaces may be varied. The collar c is adjusted by
turning it upon a screw a' until the hub bearing runs without shake between the
said collar and the collar a upon the axle. A number of slots are formed in the

page_text: collar c as seen in Fig 1" which represents a cross section of the said collar and a
slot is formed in the extension a¹. When the collar is adjusted a cottar d is passed
through two of the slots in the collar and the slot in the extension so as to prevent
the collar from turning upon the extension and so losing its adjustment. To keep
this cottar in position a nut e which screws upon the shank of the collar c is
screwed back so as to pass partly over the cottar and to bear against shoulders at
the ends of the cottar as clearly indicated in Fig 1. A spiral spring f bears against
the said nut and tends to prevent it from turning in the direction which would
release the cottar. In some cases the part which bears against the hub bearing
may be a separate piece from the collar c or from a part which is adjusted and
secured in the same manner. Figs 2 and 3 illustrate a modification. In this
example an adjustable study is screwed into the end of a hub bearing b. The
inner end of this stud is coned and bears against the end of the axle which does
not appear in the drawing. The end of the hub bearing is cast or formed with a
number of recesses, grooves or slots as indicated in Fig. 3 which is an end view of
the said bearing. The stud g is slotted as in the case of the aforesaid extension
and when adjusted by turning a cottar dis passed into the slot and the ends of
the cottar are passed into two of the said recesses. A nute is then screwed against
the back of the cottar to keep it in position. A spring is used to prevent the said
nut from working back as in the previous example. The end of the said stud may
or may not be coned as preferred. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate the arrangement wherein
the wheel cap serves as a locking nut being used in lieu of the nut d to keep the
cottar in position. In this example the inner end of the stud is formed with a
hollow cone to fit a cone on the end of the axle. Fig. 5 which is an end view of
the hub bearing shows one of the many modifications which may be made in the
form of the locking recesses. It will be seen that in all the examples the adjustable
collar, stud or part is effectually locked after adjustment. Fig. 6 represents &
section of a wheel hub fitted with a bearing constructed as regards its inner end in
accordance with my aforesaid former invention. According to my present
invention I form the outer end of the axle a³ into a cone and I bore the solid or
closed end of the hub bearing to correspond the intention being that the side
pressure shall be borne by this coned end whereby the friction upon the collar a
is relieved. The inner side of the collar is coned so that greater steadiness can be
obtained.
The second part of my invention is illustrated by Figs 7 to 11 in Sheet 1. Figs. 7
and 8 both partly in section illustrate my improvements in carriage door locks.
In the said Figs h. is the handle spindle and i is the latch or latch tumbler. The
eye of the latch is conically bored from each side and the end of the spindle i is
turned or made conical at the part which fits in the eye of the latch. A part of
the inner end of the said spindle is reduced in diameter and on this part is fitted a
metal sleeve which is made conical to suit the eye of the latch. A nut & screwed
upon the end of the spindle draws and forces the spindle and sleeve tightly into
the eye of the latch so that a firm connection between the parts is obtained. When
an inner handle is required the said sleeve forms the boss of such handle as in the
cases of the handles 1, the latter being indicated by the dotted lines. In Fig. 7
the sleeve is longer than in Fig. 8 and passes through a swoll or enlargement m
formed on the "wedge" or "dovetail catch" which is applied to the door in some
cases. The hole in the part m forms a bearing for the sleeve and steadies the same.
Figs. 9 to 11 illustrate my appliances for preventing the rattling of doors and
windows. In Fig. 9, n is a piston which is fitted to slido in a metal fixing o which
is secured to the door frame or to the door. A spiral spring tends to force the
piston outwards a nut or washer screwed or rivited on a shank with which the
piston is provided limiting the outward movement of the piston. In Fig 10. the
movement of the piston is limited by a pin passing through a slot in the piston and
the form of the fixing is modified. These appliances may be used to prevent the
rattling of either doors or windows. When applied for the latter purpose they are
applied to the window frames so that the rounded ends of the pistons press against

page_text: the window grooves in the door frame and when applied for the former purpose
they are fixed to the door or body so that when the door is closed the pistons are
pressed inwards. Fig. 10 is designed for application to the corners of a window.
glass frame. The appliance represented by Fig 11 is intended more particularly
for application to doors to prevent the rattling of the window. In this example
the spring piston is fitted with a wheel which is pressed outwards by the spring.
When the window is opened or closed the wheel exerts a yielding pressure upon
the window frame and by revolving does not interfere with the motion of the
window.
The remaining part of my invention is illustrated by the drawings on Sheet 2
wherein Fig 12 represents a pair of elliptical springs fitted with my improved end
connections. In the said Figs. the ends of the back plates p are formed with
concave cups p¹. Within the cups of the two springs I mount india-rubber globes
or balls q. A bolt passing through the back plates and the balls connects
together the two springs. It will be seen that the load is transmitted from one
spring to the other through tho balls so that an elastic connection is obtained and
shocks or vibrations are much relieved or deadened. I do not confine myself to
the use of india-rubber in any of the examples so long as the balls are made of an
elastic or semi-clastic or non-metallic material or combination of materials. Fig 13
illustrates a modification wherein the cup ends of the back plates are lined
with cups or cup shaped shells of brass or gun metal or other suitable material,
which will not rust as in the case of iron or steel. In this example elastic washers
are interposed between the bolt heads and the nuts or metal washers on the bolts
and the cup ends of the back plates recesses being formed to receive such elastic
washers. In Fig. 13ª the bolt end is concealed within a recess which is closed with
a screw cap or plug. Figs 14 and 15 illustrate modifications in the method of
bolting or securing together the ends of the springs. In these examples the cup
ends of the bottom springs enter within the cups of the upper springs and also by
preference within a groove in the elastic cushion or between the said cushion and
outer flaps which prevent metallic contact between the spring ends. The connecting
bolts pass horizontally through the cups instead of vertically. In Fig. 14 the said
bolt passes through a lug projecting from the inner side of the lower cup and is
secured in the upper cup. In Fig. 15 the bolt passes through the recess formed in
the underside of the lower cup. In Fig. 16 the bolt is formed in one piece with the
upper cup or is screwed or attached within the cup so as not to show on the outside
of the said cup. In all the examples I do not confine myself to the ball shape or
globular form of the elastic or non metallic cushion. Figs. 17 and 18 illustrate an
example wherein a cylindrical form of cushion is employed flaps of the elastic
material being interposed betwen the metal edges of the cups or spring ends as
clearly indicated in Fig. 17. Figs. 19 and 20 illustrate the use of my elastic
cushions in the connections between the spring ends and the scroll irons. In Fig. 19
the scroll iron s is connected with a cup t by means of a pair of jointed links or of
a forked link and the load is transmitted to the spring end through an elastic ball
or cushion which rests upon a cup formed in the end of a back plate a central bolt
connecting together the two cups as in the previous examples. In Fig. 20 the
jointed link is not used the scroll iron being connected by means of a swivel pin
directly to the head of the bolt which passes through the cups and the elastic
cushion so that the load is transmitted through the latter. Fig 21 illustrates the
form of swivel joint I prefer to employ the pin and bearing being lined
with gun motal. Fig. 22 illustrates the application of my cups and balls
or cushions to a shackle such as are used in the hanging of the load upon
the springs. In Fig 25 a vertical, cylindrical square or polygonal cushion
is substituted for the ball-shaped cushion. The lower cup or case enters
within the upper cup and a cushion is interposed between the two to
prevent metallic contact. I also use elastic cushions in the attachment of the shaft
end to vehicles but I do not confine myself to the precise methods of application
of the elastic balls or cushions so long as they are enclosed in cups or shields and

page_text: used in the transmission of the load to or through the springs neither do I confine
their application to any particular class of wheeled vehicles. Figs 23 and 24
illustrate the methods in which I employ elastic cushions between the springs and
the axles of vehicles. In these examples the elastic blocks or cushions v are
enclosed within boxes w which are in each case formed in two parts one entering
,within the other so that wet and dirt are excluded from access to the cushion and
the latter is prevented from spreading unduly. The two parts of the box are
connected by means of bolts or by other suitable means.
Having herein and in and by the accompanying drawings fully set forth and
indicated the nature of my said invention and the methods whereby I propose to
carry the same into practical effect I would have it to be understood that I
claim :-
--
.
First the arrangements substantially as set forth and indicated herein before with
reference to Figs 1.to 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly locking adjustable collars studs or parts after adjustment by means of
cottars passing through slots or entering recesses and retained by means of nuts or
.screw caps substantially as set forth and indicated.
Thirdly in a carriage door latch the coned spindle and sleeve forced into the eye
of the latch substantially as set forth and indicated hereinbefore and in Figs 7 and 8
of the drawings.
Fourthly the handle spindles, latches and parts formed and fitted together
substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated with reference to Figs 7
-and-8. of the drawings..
Fitthly the appliances substantially as and for the purposes set forth and
indicated with reference to Figs 9, 10 and 11 of the drawings.
Sixthly the combinations of parts for obtaining elastic or non-metallic connection
between the spring ends and between the bodies and the springs and parts of
-vehicles-substantially-as-set-forth-and- indicated. hereinbefore_and_in_and_by_the
drawings in sheet 2 attached hereto.
Seventhly the cup shaped ends of the springs or back plates and the interposed
clastic balls substantially as set forth and indicated.
Eighthly the interposition of globes, balls, cylinders, or cushions of vulcanised
caoutchouc or other suitable material between the ends of springs which are forined
or provided with cups or enclosing cases or shells substantially in the manner set
forth and indicated.
And lastly the methods and the means for obtaining elastic or yielding
connection between the springs and the scroll irons of vehicles substantially as
set forth and indicated with reference to Figs 19, 20 and 22 of the drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Weatherill have hereunto set my hand
and seal this thirtieth day of April in the year of our Lord one thousand
aight hundred and nigher things
Signed, sealed and delivered
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON
41 John Dalton St. Manchester.
(Agent for the Patentee)
H. WEATHERILL (L.S.)