A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE OR LOOM FOR WEAVING COTTON AND OTHER GOODS BY POWER
Year: 1805

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
KAY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, in
and by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Ninth day
of August, in the forty-fifth year of His reign, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, did give and grant unto THOMAS JOHNSON, late of Stockport, in the
County of Chester, but now of Preston aforesaid, Weaver, and me, the said
JAMES KAY, our executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Thomas Johnson
and James Kay, our executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them,
by ourselves and themselves, or by our or their deputy or deputies, servants
or agents, or such others as we, the said Thomas Johnson and James Kay,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within that part of His said Majesty's said United Kingdom called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE OR LOOM FOR WEAVING COTTON
AND OTHER GOODS BY POWER;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained

page_text: a proviso obliging us, the said Thomas Johnson and James Kay, by an instru-
ment in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Kay, in compliance with the
said proviso, do hereby declare that our Invention is constructed or com-
prized in the following manner; that is to say, observing that the references
by letters apply to the principal figure of the machine called Johnson and
Kay's Patent Loom :-
The Figure No. 1, in the Drawing hereunto annexed, represents the
primary or first motion of our machine, which is turned round by a motion
given it either from a steam engine, or any other power moving the wheel or
pully X. The worm marked (a) upon that Figure turns the wheel for the
purpose of taking up the cloth upon the beam when wove, which will be more
particularly set forth hereafter.
Wheel A, upon the same Figure, communi-
cates the motion to the large wheel marked B. The wheel marked A is half
the circumference of the wheel B. This wheel A also gives motion to the
lathe or slays by means of a pin, fastened nearly in the outer rim of it, on
which is put a rod (6), connected or fastened by the end c to the lathe No. 2,
at (a), to which, when turned round, it consequently gives the required motion.
Upon each side of the lathe are placed pulleys, marked (6), with two groves in
each. Over these two pullies runs two bands, marked (c), for keeping the
lathes square and steady in its movements. These bands are fastened, one on
each side, to the front of the frame, whence, passing behind the pulley
nearest to them that are brought across the loom, from whence, passing in
front of the said pulley, they are tied or fastened to the back part of the frame,
as represented by Fig. 2. The shed or shead, to suffer the shuttle to pass
through the yarn, is made by means of two eccentric pulleys f, fastened in
opposite directions upon the shaft of the wheel B, Figure 4 and 3. Under
each of these pulleys is placed a rod or lever, one end of which is fastened to
the healds, and the other by a joint to the rail marked 9 in the principal
Figure. These two pulleys are not exactly circular, but flatted on the two
extreme sides, as represented in Fig. 4, to give the shuttle more time to pass
through the yarn. The two projecting sides of the wheel B, as represented in
Figure 5, are for the purpose of alternately striking against the two catches of

page_text: the wheels C and D, Fig. 1, (which wheels and catches are more particularly
described and set forth by Figure 6 and 7). Betwixt the wheels C and D is
placed another wheel E horizontally, the teeth of which works into the teeth
of both the wheels C and D. Upon this last wheel E is fixed a rod or lever h,
Fig. 8, the other end of which (i), Fig. 8 and 2, is fastened, by means of cords
or bands, to the pickers in the boxes k, Fig. 2, of the lathe or slays; the wheel
B, having a projection on each side, one of which, every time that wheel goes
round, strikes against the catch on the wheel C, and the wheel C, working
into the horizontal wheel E, causes the point of the lever attached to it to be
thrown to one side, and the shuttle consequently thrown across, where it
remains until the projection on the other side of the wheel B strikes against
the catch of the wheel D, which, by the same means, throws the point of the
rod or lever to the other side, and brings back the shuttle, and by these means
causes the shuttle to be thrown across twice in every revolution of the wheel
B; and the wheel A, being only one half of the circumference, causes the lathe
or slays to be drawn twice backwards and forwards in the same time. The
wheel B, turned by the worm (a), upon Figure (1), turns a shaft (m), which
points towards the cloth beam, to which it extends about half way. Upon the
upper, or end nearer the cloth beam, is fastened a rack wheel (n), represented by
Figures 8 and 9. In the same direction towards the cloth beam, and so near
to the upper end of the last-mentioned shaft as to touch it, or nearly so, is
placed a second shaft (o). Upon the lower end (which is square) of this
second shaft is placed a collar (p), with a point extending from it into the
teeth of the rack wheel (n). On the other end of this second shaft is a worm
(9), which works into another wheel (r) at the end of the cloth beam. The
proportionate size of these wheels and worms depend upon the fineness or
coarseness of the cloth in the loom. And to prevent the beam from taking up
the cloth too quickly, to the collar before mentioned is a fork (s) which
clips the upper part of it; to this fork a piece of wire or small rod
of iron is fastened, which extends to the front part of the lathe or slays,
when the reed touches the cloth, as the lathe, by the help of the springs
represented by (t) in Fig. 2, will follow the cloth, although the beam may be
taking it up too fast; yet, when the cloth is so far taken up, and the lathe
advances so much as to strike against the upper end of the wire or small iron
rod before mentioned, it will draw back the collar, and of course the point of
it out of the teeth of the rack wheel, and stop the motion of the upper shaft and
cloth beam; but from these shafts being placed in an inclined position, the
weight of the collar and wire or rod will cause the point of the former to
continue to press against the rack wheel, and when that wheel is so far turned

page_text: round as to bring another of its teeth into contact with the point of the collar,
it will again put the upper shaft and cloth beam into motion, unless it should
be prevented by the lathe again striking against the wire or rod.
Figure 10 (u), represents an iron shaft, which is placed behind the lathe,
with the two points v, v, into each of which is fastened a small piece of wood,
Fig. 12 and 13, fitted to a hole cut in the back part of each shuttle box at a
in Figure 2, and v in Figure 11, 12, and 13; y, in Figure 10 and in Figure 11
and 18 is a catch fastened upon the same shaft, and passing under the end of
the lathe, projects a little in the front of it, and has a small knob at the end
of it; this catch is placed on the side of the loom to which the original
motion is communicated. (w) in Figure 11 and 13 and Figure 14 is a crank,
the end of which is placed paralel to the cloth beam; the other end of it is
upon one end of a lever, Figure 11, as expressed by () Figure 11, the other
end of which lever (i) is forked, and placed upon the neck of a collar (2),
which runs upon the shaft which gives the motion to the machine. This collar
has two prongs or points which go through two holes in the pulley or wheel a
At the back of this pulley (which runs loose upon its shaft, is a catch fastened
to the shaft it so runs upon, so that when prongs of the collar are put through
the pulley or wheel x by means of the lever Figure 11, they strike against
the catch behind the pulley, and the whole machine is by that means put in
motion. The pieces of wood on the two points v, v, Figure 10 and 11, and v,
Figure 12 and 13, if the shuttle 3, Figure 12 and 13, is not in one of the
boxes when the catch 4 leaves the small roller 5, under which it goes when
the lathe is drawn back, allows the nob 6, Figure 11 and 13, or end of the
catch, to fall down and strike against the crank w, Figure 11, 18, 14, which,
by means of the lever Figure 11, puts the machine out of motion; but if, on
the other hand, the shuttle is in either box, the piece of wood on the points v
press against the shuttle and supports the catch 4, 6, Figure 11 and 13, by
that means allowing it to pass over the end of the crank w, and the loom is
kept in motion. The catch y, as the lathe is drawn back, goes under the
small roller 5, Figure 11 and 13, and before the shuttle is thrown across
takes away all pressure against it and allows the shuttle to go freely across.
Fig. 15 represents a perpetual temple, one of which being placed on each
side of the loom, keeps the cloth stretched after it is wove. b, b, in Figure 15,
is a pulley or wheel with the rim a little bevil, in which are sunk a number of
holes. In the centre of each these holes is put a small sharp-pointed pin,
which are not to rise as high as the surface of the pulley or wheel. a, a,
Fig. 15 is another pulley or wheel, of the same size as b, b, the rim or
outer edge of which is also a little bevilled. In this pulley are placed a number