Improved Means and Apparatus for Surfacing Paper or other Material with Colour, Gum, Oil, Varnish, or the like.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1892.
Complete Specification Left, 31st July, 1893-Accepted, 9th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means and Apparatus for Surfacing Paper or other
Material with Colour, Gum, Oil, Varnish, or the like.
We, FRANK WALTER HAYWARD, Watch Maker, of 23 Upper King Street,
ALFRED STEPHEN KING, Wood Buyer, Chesham House, Rosary Road, and
ALFRED WOODBRIDGE LOVELAND, Lithographic Printer, Thorpe Road, all in
the City of Norwich, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for coating the surface of paper, or
other material with a liquid body, such as colour, gum, oil, or varnish.
The apparatus consists of a frame, in which the colour, or other liquid agent
reservoir is placed beneath one or more chased, striated, or indented surfaced rolls
which dip more or less slightly into the agent, and by rotation carry a superabundant-
supply of the agent, and press it on the surface of the paper, or other material,
which is drawn over and in contact therewith by the nip pressure of an upper roller
or rollers, which may be covered with an elastic material, or carry a continual
flexible band of uniform substance and thickness but so as to preserve the uniformity
and effectiveness of the pressure of the uncovered roll, said roller or rollers being
geared and or by the friction of the under roller or rollers when without gearing
to revolve at the same speed as the chased or striated roller or rollers to impart an
equal strain upon the paper, and maintain its level passage through between the
rolls.
The chased, or other faced roll, or rollers carry the agent to the nip of the rollers,
in the front of which the surplus forms into a flood, which damps the surface of the
paper, so that although at the nip of the rolls, the quantity of the agent is limited
by that compressed in the chases, yet immediately the material passes from the nip,
the agent by reason of the surface of the material having been wetted, blends by
capillary attraction aided by the wet into one uniform coat. This surplus flood in
front of the nip also ensures a full and compressed charge of the agent to all the
crevices on reaching the point where the nip occurs.
The colour trough or reservoir is provided with an agitator, which ensures a
constant tone of colour for the chased or striated roller or rollers to take up, and
the reservoir is provided with a strainer, and an overflow trough, the "gate" of
which enables the level of the liquid to be permanent, the strainer keeping back
air bubbles.
The agitator has a very slow motion so as not to create bubbles, and as it is in
the form of a wire mesh or perforated sheet, the heavy ingredients are thereby
kept in suspension.
•
The reservoir is capable of adjustment as to height by screw and pinion gearing,
and the nip of the rollers is governed by the weight of the top roller or rollers,
which may be increased by weights or springs on the bearings but is not
rigidly fixed; it is thereby self-adjusting to the substance of the material passing
between.
The reservoir is fitted upon a water vessel, which can be heated by gas flame,
and the chased or striated roll or rolls of hollow formation can have steam or hot
water passed through them should heat be required to prevent the coating agent
coagulating or becoming stiff.
If narrow paper or cloth be passed through the machine, the roll or rolls can
be in sections to dip into separate reservoirs, each to supply the same colour, or
different colours can be placed in them for colouring several strips at the same

page_text: time, or when a wide paper has to be multi-coloured, it can be effected in the one
operation.
Dated this 28th day of November 1892.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Frank Walter Hayward, Alfred Stephen King,
Alfred Woodbridge Loveland.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means and Apparatus for Surfacing Paper or other
Material with Colour, Gum, Oil, Varnish, or the like.
We, FRANK WALTER HAYWARD, Watch Maker, of. 23 Upper King Street,
ALFRED STEPHEN KING, Wood Buyer, Chesham House, Rosary Road, and
ALFRED WOODBRIDGE LOVELAND, Lithographic Printer, Thorpe Road, all in
the City of Norwich, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for uniformly coating the surface of
paper, or other material with a liquid body, such as colour, gum, oil, or varnish.
The apparatus consists of a frame in which the colour or other liquid agent
reservoir is placed beneath one or more chased, striated, or indented surfaced rolls
which dip more or less slightly into the agent, and by rotation carry a super-
abundant supply of the agent and press it on the surface of the paper, or other
material, which is drawn over and in contact therewith by the nip pressure of an
upper roller or rollers which may be covered with an elastic material, or carry a
continual flexible band of uniform substance and thickness but so as to preserve the
uniformity and effectiveness of the pressure of the uncovered roll, said roller or
rollers being geared and or by the friction of the under roller or rollers when
without gearing to revolve at the same speed as the chased or striated roller or
rollers to impart an equal strain upon the paper, and maintain its level passage
through between the rolls.
The chased, or other faced roll, or rollers carry the agent to the nip of the rollers,
in the front of which the surplus forms into a flood, which damps the surface of the
paper, so that although at the nip of the rolls the quantity of the agent is limited
by that compressed in the chases, yet immediately the material passes from the nip,
the agent by reason of the surface of the material having been wetted, blends by
capillary attraction aided by the wet into one uniform coat. This surplus flood in
front of the nip also ensures a full and compressed charge of the agent to all the
crevices on reaching the point where the nip occurs.
The colour trough or reservoir is provided with an agitator, which ensures a
constant tone of colour for the chased or striated roller or rollers to take up, and
the reservoir is provided with a strainer, and an overflow trough, the "gate" of
which enables the level of the liquid to be permanent, the strainer keeping back air
bubbles. The agitator has a very slow motion, so as not to create bubbles, and as
it is in the form of a wire mesh, or perforated sheet, the heavy ingredients are
thereby kept in suspension.
The reservoir is capable of adjustment as to height by screw and pinion gearing,
and the nip of the rollers is governed by the weight of the top roller or rollers
which may be increased by weights or springs on the bearings but is not
rigidly fixed, it is thereby self adjusting to the substance of the material passing
between.
The reservoir is fitted upon a water vessel, which can be heated by gas flame,
and the chased or striated roll or rolls of hollow formation can have steam.or hot

page_text: Figure 2 a part sectional front elevation.
Figure 3 a transverse section of the rolls and reservoir.
Figure 4 plan of reservoir.
Figure 5 section of multi-colouring roll.
A, A, end frames tied by bars B, B. C driving shaft. D, gear wheel thereon
for communicating motion by pinions E, E, to chased or striated rolls F, F, and
also by pinions G, G, to the nip or pressure rolls H, H, carried by sockets I, I, in
slots of the end frames A, A.
The sockets I, I, of the upper or pressure rolls H, H, have short links J, J, con-
nected, and these by the handle K and lever L can be lifted to admit of the
material being passed between the rolls E, E, and rolls H, H, when first starting
work.
M, M, are tension bars to prevent the paper, or other material P from sagging,
and to remove any creases that may be in the material as it comes from the recl.
Qis the steam or hot water pipe to supply the chased or striated roll with warmth
if required, the connection of the pipe with the trunk axle of the roll being bushed
to prevent leakage.
R is the reservoir supplied from the removable container S by the tap T, and U
is the gate or rib, which prevents too much colour, or other liquid coating agent
being in the reservoir, the overflow passing into the channel V and pipe V₁ for
flowing into the pail W for replacing into the container S.
X is a filtering screen to prevent air bubbles passing to the reservoir, which may
be caused by the liquid falling from the tap T.
Y is a wire mesh sheet with arms Z, Z, for operation by the cam a and rod b, the
movement keeping the colouring agent of an uniform tint by slow agitation in the
liquid.
The reservoir, and the parts connected with it, is supported on sliding bearers c, e,
in guides d. d, and the bearers are capable of being raised and lowered on the screw
rods e, e, when turned by the bevil pinions gear f, f, from the spindle g and outside
handle h, both ends of the reservoir being raised or lowered simultaneously to
preserve the initial level of the liquid in it.
The machine can be driven by hand, or by power from the fast and loose
pullies i, j, and the paper, or other material when coated can be passed over above
the pressure rolls H, H, to any convenient position to dry, and if the chased or
striated roll or rolls be in sections, as at Figure 5, four different colours could be
put upon the paper, or four narrow strips could be passed through the machine at
the same time, or a single wide sheet could be passed through to receive the four
colours, or four strips of the same colour could be imparted to a single width, or
any other variation can be made with the colours in the different reservoirs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
In a machine for coating paper and similar material, the combination with the
liquid conveying and applying rolls F, F, pressure rolls H, H, tension guides M,
adjustable reservoir R, supply chamber S, perforated filtering screen X, the

page_text: agitator Z, and angular gate U, all arranged and operated in the manner, and for
the purposes substantially as described.
The 31st day of July 1893.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Frank Walter Hayward, Alfred Stephen King,
and Alfred Woodbridge Loveland.