Improvements in Calendars.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 9th Apr., 1892
HEIDIONAL DILUIFICATIVA.
Improvements in Calendars.
I, DAVID Ross of 38 Crutched Friars in the City of London, Indigo Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention embraces the combination of the following elements, viz.
(A) the figures 0 to 20 (or beyond) to denote the centuries from the first to the
twenty-first (or beyond); (B) the figures 00 to 99 to denote the years of a century;
(C) the names of the 12 months; (D) the figures 1 to 31 to denote the days of the
month; and (E) letters to denote the days of the week, the whole so arranged on
preferably two pieces of cardboard, or other suitable material, that
1. The day of the week for any day of any year from 1 A.D. to 2099 A.D. (or
beyond) may be seen at a glance by making a single movement which brings (A)
and (B) into certain relations, as subsequently explained.
II. By one such movement for an ordinary year and two for a leap-year the
calendar may be set for the whole year.
III. New style and old style dates may be shown with equal facility.
IV. No special adjustment is required for the exceptional fourth years, 1700,
1800, 1900, 2100, &c. which are not leap-years in the new style.
V. While the calendar may be set for any year from 1 A.D. to 2099 A.D. (or
beyond, if provided for in making the calendar) without any calculation whatever,
it may be set with almost equal ease for any year from 2099 onward.
The arrangements by which these objects are attained may be thus briefly
described.
On a sheet of cardboard or other suitable material, the figures 00 to 99 are
arranged in 7 columns of 18 lines which I will designate (B). (These columns and
ail subsequently mentioned are of uniform width). The numbers divisible by 4
without a remainder are repeated. Thus, the first line may run 00 00 01 02 03 04 04,
the second 05 06 07 08 08 09 10 and so on or longer and fewer lines may be used.
These numbers 00 to 99 denote the years of the centuries. On the same sheet
at a convenient distance to the right, the days of the week are represented and
which I will designate (E) arranged in 19 columns of 12 lines to suit the arrange-
ment of B above described. In each line the days follow in their natural order and
the first day of each successive line corresponds to the first day of each successive
month of an ordinary year which begins on Friday. Consequently any one column
represents in succession the same days of the successive months of an ordinary
year. For example if the first day in a column represents the day of the week for
the 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th of January the second represents that for the 4th, 11th,
18th and 25th of February and so on. The next column to the right represents
the 5th, 12th, 19th and 26th of the months and so on. On another sheet of card-
board the figures 0 to 20 are arranged in 7 columns here designated (A). In the
first line are the figures 0 to 6, in the second 7 to 13 in the third 14 to 20. These
represent the centuries in the Old style. In the fourth line the figures 15 and 16
are placed in the fifth and sixth columns, respectively. In the fifth line 17, 18, 19
and 20 are placed in the first, third, fifth and sixth columns respectively. These
two lines represent the centuries in the New style. (In both Old and New styles
the series may be continued indefinitely.) Below these columns the cardboard is
cut away. To the right of (A) the numbers 1 to 31 are arranged in 7 columns here
designated (D); 1 to 7 in the first line, 8 to 14 in the second, and so on.
These
denote the days of the month. The cardboard is cut away below these columns to
a depth equal to that of the columns on the first sheet here designated E. On the
left of the opening thus made are given the names of the 12 months (C), in down-
ward succession corresponding to the 12 lines at (E). The columns at (D) must.

page_text: be so placed in relation to those at (A) that when the second sheet is superimposed
on the first with the bottom of the last column of (A) exactly over the top of the
first column of (B) then the first column of (D) shall be similarly placed in
relation to the first column of (E) and when the first column of (A) is over the last
of (B) the last column of (D) shall be over the last of (E). (Provided this con-
dition be fulfilled (A) may be placed in any convenient relation to (D), (B) being
correspondingly placed in relation to (E), and conversely. A circular arrangement
may also be adopted with suitable modifications, the columns being replaced by
equal spaces radiating from the centres of two discs, and the lines by concentric
spaces.) Finally the two sheets are so connected that the second may slide over
the first. The calendar is now ready for use.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE.
To set for an ordinary year, from 1 A.D. to 2099 A.D., slide until the column
containing the century figure (or figures) A is over that containing the year of the
century B, eg. set the century figures 18 (New or Old style as may be desired)
over the column containing the year figures 91. The calendar is then set for 1891.
It will be observed that underneath the 7 columns (D) days of the month are
exposed 7 columns of (E) days of the week, with the names of the months to the
left. The day of the week for any day of any month is found in the corresponding
column opposite the name of that month. (Note that the century figure for the
years 1 to 99 is 0, so that for the calendar is set for 001 and so on.)
To set for Leap years.-The year figures for leap-years are repeated being given
first in red and then in black as for ordinary years. Set to the red figures for
January and February and to the black for the rest of the year.
To set for any year beyond 2099 (or any later date provided for in making).
1. New Style. Divide the century figures by 4 and according as the remainder
is 1, 2, 3 or 0 set as for 17, 18, 19 or 20 respectively, c.g. for 4193 divide 41 by 4.
The remainder is 1, therefore set for 1798.
11. Old Style. Divide the century figures by 7 and use the remainder as the
century figure. e.g. for 4193 divide 41 by 7. The remainder is 6. Therefore set
for 693.
The above description as to shape, colour, details of arrangement &c. may be
departed from so long as the essential requirements are maintained.
.
Dated this 24th day of June 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: the columns E and in the other direction sufficient to expose 7 columns, or one
weck, of E on the sheet Y. On the left of the opening thus made are given the
names of the 12 months C in downward succession corresponding to the 12 lines
of E.
(As an alternative arrangement the months which begin on the same day of the
week may be grouped together thus, January and October, February, March and
November, April and July and so on. In this case the names would occupy 7 lines
and table E would be reduced to the same number.)
The columns at D must be so placed in relation to those at A that when the
Z sheet is superimposed on Y with the bottom of the last column of A exactly
over the top of the first column of B the first column of D shall be similarly
placed in relation to the first column of E, and when the first column of A is over
the last of B the last column of D shall be over the last of E. Provided this
condition be fulfilled A. may be placed in any convenient relation to D, and B
correspondingly placed in relation to E, and conversely. A convenient way of
constructing the calendar shown in Figure 1, so that the part % may be adjusted
on Y, is to form Y with guides or groove in which the edges of Z slide, and
provide a knob Z or equivalent, on Z so that it may be grasped when required for
moving Z along; this construction is clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
As shown in Figs. 4 and 5 a circular arrangement may also be adopted, with
suitable modifications, the columns being replaced by equal spaces radiating from
the centres of the two discs Y, Z and the lines by concentric spaces; the respective
sheets and tables being indicated by the same reference letters as in the former
figures. In this form table A may conveniently be arranged in 2 lines, as shown,
and table B in 9 lines, while table E may be made completely circular. In this
example the upper sheet Z carries the table B and is cut away at Z' to expose the
table A, which in said example is on the sheet Y. Finally, the two sheets are
so connected by a pivot X that Z may slide or turn over Y. The calendar is now
ready for use.
In Figs. 1 and 4 the sheets Z are outlined with dot-and-dash lines so as, to render
them more easily distinguishable from Y.
DIRECTIONS FOR USE.
To set for any ordinary year, from 1 A.D. to 2099 A.D. slide or turn % upon Y
until the column of A containing the century figure (or figures) is over that of B
containing the year of the century. For example, set the century figures, say 18
(New or Old Style as may be desired) over the column of B containing the year
figures say 91. The calender is then set for 1891 as shown in Figures 1 and 4 for
New Style. It will be observed that underneath the 7 columns D of the days of
the month are exposed 7 of the columns E of the days of the week with the names
of the months to the left at C. The days of the month are represented by the
days of the week in the corresponding columns of E opposite the names of the
respective months. (Note that the century figure for the years 1 A.D. to 99 A.D.
is 0, so that for the year 1 the calendar is set for 001, and so on.)
To set for leap-years.-The year figures for leap-years are repeated. Set the
century figures to the first pair for January and February and to the second pair
for the rest of the year.
To set for any year beyond 2099 (or any later date provided for in making).
I.-New Style. Divide the century figures of the given year by 4 and according
as the remainder is 1, 2, 3 or 0 set as for 17, 18, 19 or 20 respectively.
For example, for 4193 divide 41 by 4. The remainder is 1, therefore set
for 1793.
II.-Old Style.—Divide the century figures of the given year by 7 and use the
remainder as the century figure. For example for 4193 divide 41 by 7. The
remainder is 6, therefore set for 693.
The above description as to shape, colour, details of arrangement &c. may be
departed from so long as the following essential conditions are maintained.

page_text: (A) the figures to 20 (or beyond) to denote the centuries from the first to tho
twenty-first (or beyond).
(B) the figures 00 to 99 to denote the years of a century.
(C) the names of the 12 months.
(D) the figures 1 to 31 to denote the days of the month, and (E) letters to denote
the days of the week, the whole so arranged on, preferably, two pieces (Y and Z) of
cardboard, or other suitable material, that
1. By bringing (A) and (B) into certain relations, as subsequently explained,
the day of the week for any day of any year from 1 A.D. to 2099 A.D. (or beyond)
may be seen at a glance.
II. By one such adjustment for an ordinary year and two for a leap-year the
calendar may be set for the whole year.
III. New style and Old style dates may be shown with equal facility, this, as
illustrated, being provided for by the two sets of Figures A.
IV. No special adjustment is required for the exceptional fourth years 1700, 1800,
1900 2100 &c., which are not leap-years in the New style, the arrangement being
such as to provide for this.
V. While the calendar may be set for any year from A.D. to 2099 A.D.
(or beyond, if provided for in making the calendar) without any calculation what-
ever, it may be set with almost equal case for any year from 2099 onward.
The arrangements by which these objects are attained may be thus described.
On the sheet Y, of cardboard or other suitable material, which in Fig. 3 is shown
apart from the sheet Z, the figures 00 to 99 are arranged in 7 columns of 18 lines
which I have designated collectively B (but any convenient multiple of 7 may be
used the number of lines being varied accordingly. These columns and all subse-
quently mentioned are of uniform width). The numbers divisible by 4 without a
remainder are repeated. Thus, the first line may run 00 00 01 02 03 04 04, the
second 05 06 07 08 08 09 10, the sixth 28 28 29 30 31 32 32, and so on. These
muimbers 00 to 99 denote the years of the centuries. On the same sheet Y, at a
convenient distance, and designated collectively E, are represented the days of the
week arranged in 19 columns of 12 lines to suit the arrangement of B above
described. (It will be understood that if the number of columns in B be increased
the number of columns in E must be correspondingly increased). In each line the
days follow in their natural order and the first day of each successive line corre-
sponds to the first day of each successive month of an ordinary year which begins
with the first day of the first line. In the table E the first line and column are
shown commencing with Friday so as to make the table correspond with the figures
on tables A and B, any one of which tables being altered the other table should be
altered to correspond. Consequently any one column represents in succession the
same days of the successive months of an ordinary year. For example, if the first
day in a column of table E represents the day of the week for the 4th, 11th, 18th,
and 25th of January, the second represents that for the 4th, 11th, 18th and 25th
of February and so on. The next column to the right represents the 5th, 12th, 19th,
and 26th of the months and so on. On the other sheet Z, of cardboard or other
suitable material, the figures 0 to 20 are arranged in 7 columns here designated
collectively A. (Any convenient multiple of 7 may be used, table E being corre-
spondingly extended.) In the first line are the figures 0 to 6, in the second 7 to 13,
in the third 14 to 20. These represent the centuries in the Old style. In the
fourth line the figures 15 and 16 are placed in the fifth and sixth columns, respec-
tively. In the fifth line 17, 18, 19 and 20 are placed in the first, third, fifth and sixth
columns respectively. These two lines represent the centuries in the New Style.
(In both Old and New Styles the series may be continued indefinitely.) Below
these columns the sheet Z is cut away at Z To the right of A the numbers 1
to 31 are arranged at D in 7 columns, 1 to 7 in the first line, 8 to 14 in the second
and so on.
These denote the days of the month. The sheet Z is cut away below
these columns at Z to an extent in one direction sufficient to expose the 12 lines of

page_text: The mutual relations of A, B, C, D and E must be such that for an ordinary
year by bringing the figure or figures of A denoting the century into a given
relation with the figures of 13 denoting the year of the century then the names of
the months C and the figures of D denoting the days of the month shall be thereby
brought into such a relation with the letters of E denoting the days of the week
as to constitute the calendar for that year, while for a leap year--for which two
pairs of year figures are given the calendar is set for January and February by
bringing the century figure or figures of A into similar relation with the first pair
of year figures of B and for the rest of the year, that is to say for the remaining
ten months, by corresponding adjustinent to the second pair of year figures.
Any convenient arrangement of the aforesaid relations may be adopted provided
this condition is fulfilled, and the adjusting or setting movement may accordingly
be horizontal, vertical or circular.
Leap-years may also be provided for by having the days of the week at E to
correspond with January and February on a slip of some suitable material which
can be moved the width of one column in relation to the rest of E. The century
figures will then be set to the second pair of year figures (the first being omitted).
thus,
In the
for both months, viz., January and February, and the calendar is then set up for
week than it otherwise would
the whole year.
For ordinary years the slip would be returned and remain in its
5 normal position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. A calendar rendered serviceable for an ordinary year by bringing the figure
or figures denoting the century into a given relation with the figures denoting the
year of the century and thereby bringing the names of the months and the figures
denoting the days of the month into such relation with the letters denoting the
days of the week as to constitute the calendar for that year.
2. A calendar rendered serviceable for a leap year by bringing the figure or
figures denoting the century into a given relation with one set of year figures for
January and February and with a duplicate set for the remainder of the year
substantially as described.
3. A. calendar rendered serviceable for a leap year by bringing the figure or
figures denoting the century into a given relation with one set of year figures for
January and February and with a duplicate set for the remainder of the year and
thereby bringing the names of the months and the figures denoting the days of the
month into such relation with the letters denoting the days of the week as to cón-
stitute the calendar for these respective periods of the given leap-year.
2
4. A calendar rendered serviceable for an ordinary year by bringing the
century figure or figures into a given relation with the figures denoting the year
of the century and for a leap year by bringing the "
into relation with one set of year figures for January and February and with
century figure or figures.
another set for the remainder of the year substantially as described.
5. In a calendar the combination with one set of "
the Old Style of another set of "century" figures for the New Style substantially
century figures serving for
as described.
6. In a calendar the particular arrangement of the New Style century figures
whereby the three exceptional years in every four hundred which are not leap.
rears although multiples of 4 are provided for substantially as described and
llustrated in the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 7. In an adjustable calendar the duplication of the leap-year year figures'
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
"
8. In a calendar the combination of the various tables in the manner and
the relations substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
9. In a calendar the Old and New Style table A. substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
10. In a calendar the combination on one sheet of tables such as B and E with
the tables such as A, C and D on another sheet, the whole combined and arranged
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
11. In a circular calendar the combination on one sheet of tables such as A
and E with tables such as B, C and D on another sheet, the whole combined
and arranged substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 7th day of Mavah 1902
DAVID ROSS.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.