IMPROVEMENTS IN HA- CHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE AND WOVEN FABRICS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
KEELY, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Manufacturer,
and WILLIAM WILKINSON, of the same place, Framework Knitter, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of April,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Thomas Keely and William Wilkinson, our exors, adñiors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the
said Thomas Keely and William Wilkinson, our exors, adñors, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Thomas Keely and William Wilkinson,
our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of
Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Ier said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HA-
CHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TEXTILE AND WOVEN FABRICS, AND OTHER ARTICLES

page_text: COMPOSED OF FIBROUS OR FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS, ALSO FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
SAID FABRICS AND ARTICLES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that we, the said Thomas Keely and William Wilkinson, or one of us, should
cause a particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Thomas Keely and William Wilkinson, hereby declare that the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Firstly, our Invention has relation to bobbin net lace frames, or as they are
sometimes called twist lace or bobbin net machines, and consists of certain
improvements therein, whereby the following advantages are obtained :-
First, that double the number of threads can be thrown into a given space
than is now done, which will allow of single-spun cotton being substituted
for the much dearer double spun cotton now used; second, that double the
number of loops can be formed by the same number of movements; third,
that twist lace or bobbin net machines may be adapted to the manufacture of
a class of stout fabrics which it has been heretofore impracticable to produce
by them, namely, carpets, hearthrugs, curtains, coverlets, &c., and this without
any prejudice to the employment of the same machines in the production of
lighter fabrics, as at present; fourth, that the stout fabrics aforesaid may
be
made from such machines with every variety of pattern raised on or embodied
therein; and fifth, that the said twist lace or bobbin net machines may be
also applied to the manufacture of cut pile fabrics.
Figure 1 is a cross section of a twist lace frame, constructed according to
these improvements. A, A, is the frame work; B, the bearer for the guide
bar brackets; C, C, the two comb bars; D, D, the landing bars; E, E, the
catch bars; F, F, the point bars; G, G, the bobbins; and G, G³, the bobbin
carriages. One of these bobbins with its carriage is shown separately, of its
full size, in Figure 2 (a side view), and Figure 3 (a cross section). The
bobbin is so made that two threads are wound upon and led from it instead of
one only, as heretofore, and from this chiefly arises the great superiority of our
inachine over others. It is formed by rivetting together three metal discs, kept

page_text: a little apart in the centre by boss-like projections from both faces of the
centre disc, or projections from the inner faces of the outer discs, so as to leave
two recesses for the threads, one on each side of the centre disc, and between
it and the opposite side disc. The two threads are led out from the bobbin
on opposite sides of the bobbin carriage, so that supposing a series of bobbins
with their carriages to be mounted side by side and at work, the thread from
the right side of one bobbin will fall into the same space between the points as
that coming from the left side of the next adjoining bobbin carriage, or vise
versa. It is by this means that double the number of threads is thrown into
any given space, and double the number of loops are formed by the same
number of movements. Great facility is thus afforded for the formation of
strong grounds for ornamental patterns. The grounds being formed of double
threads, completely cover the warp when the twist is close together, and if the
twist be made more open, and threads be used of different colors, then a shot
or shaded fabric may be produced. H, H, are the spindle bars by which the
point bars are actuated; J is the top tye bar; K, K, K, are warp beams; and
L, a cloth beam; M is the warp plate or sley through which the warp is
threaded; N, N, N, are a set of spools employed in the figuring of the work,
which are mounted upon a frame at the back of the machine, and constitute
another important novelty therein, as will be presently herein-after explained.
When the web is to be figured on one side only, there are two spools or
bobbins attached to every bobbin carriage, that is to say, supposing the
figuring work to be put on is equally distributed over the whole web, there are
two spools to each bobbin carriage, but when the figuring is to be in stripes, or
only upon certain portions of the web, then the number of the spools is
reduced accordingly. Again, when the figure is to be raised on both sides of
the web, then four spools or bobbins are to be attached to every bobbin
carriage engaged in such figuring, two of such threads being led through the
front guide bars, and two through the back guide bars; and when the figure
is intended to be raised on the back of the web only, then the figuring threads
are to be led through the back guide bars. The threads from the spools
are carried over rods 0, 0, 0, and from thence descend to weights P, P, P,
previous to being passed through the sley. The weights P, P, are each
placed in a fixed upright tube P, P2, in which they have room to move up and
down so that the threads may be kept in fixed positions, and thereby prevented
from becoming entangled. From the sley they are "threaded" through the
front set of the guide bars a¹, a', a¹; or instead of the guide bars being
employed for this purpose, tapes, or brass or steel bars, similar to those
generally made use of in twist lace machinery for figuring purposes, may be

page_text: substituted.
A stump bar may also be combined with the brass or steel bars.
The patterns themselves are produced by means of any of the different kinds
of jacquard heads, wheels, cylinders, chains, or machines now in use; the action
of which and their application to twist lace machines being well known do not
stand in need of any detailed explanations. It may suffice to observe that
four sets of jacquards, heads, wheels, cylinders, chains, or machines, may be
employed, one set to actuate the warp thread bars, a second the spool thread
or bobbin thread bars, a third the bars for the thick threads which are
employed in finishing a raised pattern, (these thick threads being supplied
from spools or bobbins,) and the fourth on the bars carrying the thread for
producing the filling-in of the pattern; when thick threads are used for
forming the outlines of the figures in the patterns, we supply these threads
from independent spools or bobbins, as above mentioned. Heretofore such
threads have been supplied from beams, and when any one thread was required
to be brought into a pattern, all the other threads upon the same beam
required to be unwound to a certain extent and wasted, having to be sub-
sequently cut off from the cloth; whereas by winding the threads on
independent spools or bobbins any one thread may be brought into use
without the others being disturbed.
Again, by using independent spools in combination with double brass
bobbins, we are enabled to apply the thread from these bobbins for the warp
and the thread from the spools for the filling-up of the patterns, or what is
commonly called "fining," and by thus having so many threads at command
to throw in at any required intervals, we can produce the most richly filled-up
patterns with a much less number of movements and with thread of less cost
(as before explained) than could be done by the old-method-of-using-single-
threaded brass bobbins.
The part of our improvements just described will be found especially
applicable to the manufacture of what is known by the name of "plat lace,"
since by the adaptation of our system of action such lace may be produced, of
a size, and of fineness in the meshes, and richness in the figures, which is,
impracticable_with_the_old_existing machinery. Further, by dispensing
entirely with the beam, we get rid of the risk of the breakage of pattern
threads, now so frequently occurring, arising from the dragging strain which
the beam exerts on these threads. When piled fabrics are formed in this
improved machine, they may be cut at the same time they are woven by
employing a set of knives combined with the points in the manner represented-
n Figure 4, which is a cross section of a point lead of an improved con-
struction adapted to this purpose. A is the lead; B, the point; and C, the.

page_text: knife or cutter, there being one cutter to every point. The knives or cutters
are represented in the Drawings as being each cast in the same lead along
with the point to which it is attached, in which condition they are conveniently
fixed to the point bar, but they may, if required, be cast in separate leads
from the points. At the instant in which the loops of the pile are being cut
by the movement of the point bar causing the cutters to pass through the loop,
the threads from the spools which are employed to form the pile are held by
means of a bar being pressed up against the weights or against the threads
themselves, so as to prevent their being drawn off the spools. The movement
of the bars is effected by means of a jacquard head. The knives may also be
fixed below the point bars in slide bars to follow the guide bars, or attached to
point heads as fixed knives. The twist lace machine to which double bobbins
have been herein-before described as applied is of the kind known as the
"lever" machine, but they may with equal advantage be applied to all the
other varieties of twist lace or bobbin net machines, and more especially to
the pusher machines and circular machines.
Figures 5 and 6 are exemplifications of other descriptions of carriages fitted
with the double bobbins. The filling of the double bobbins is effected by
means of a filling machine of the same sort as is in general use, but it is
necessary to observe that the jack must have double the number of bobbins to
supply the drum in the first instance, and the sley of the winding machine
must contain double the number of compartments contained in those used for
filling single bobbins.
Secondly, our Invention has relation to the manufacture of textile fabrics
by framework knitting, and is embodied in the improved knitting frame
represented in Figures 7, 8, and 9. Figure 7 is a front elevation of this
machine as adapted to the working of ten sections or divisions of needles, five
on each side; Figure 8, an end elevation; Figure 9, a cross section of the
principal working parts of the head of the loom; and Figures 10 to Figure 20,
both Figures inclusive, are separate representations of the different parts in
details. A, A, is the frame; B, B, a shaft, which is made to rotate either by
hand or by steam or other power, and by its rotation produces all the other
movements (one only excepted, as afterwards explained); when working by
hand, this shaft is double-cranked, as shewn. C, C, wheel gearing, by which
the shaft sets in motion a cam wheel D; E is a connecting rod, which moves
at one end by means of a friction roller F in a groove in the cam, which is
attached at the other end to an upright lever G, which is connected at top by
a pin a (Figures 10 and 11) to a horizontal travelling carriage H, which
carries the thread bobbins I, I, I, and the several moving parts by which the

page_text: knitted loops are formed. As the cam revolves, it causes (through the medium
of the connecting rod) the upright lever G to oscillate to and fro on its fulcrum,
and the action of the lever causes the travelling carriage to make one pass
from end to end of the machine for each revolution of the cam wheel, so as to
form two rows of loops upon the upper edges of the webs, which are supposed
to be upon the needles. K, K, are the needle bars, one on each side of the
frame. The carriage, which is somewhat shorter than the length of the
loom, rests upon the wheels P, P, which travel upon a rail or bar L, and
at top is guided by friction pulleys R, R, which bear against the sides
of a top rail M. The formation of the loops is effected by means of the
parts and arrangements next to be described. Q, Q, are the sinkers,
which are formed in the peculiar manner represented in Figures 12, 13,
and 14, Figures 12 and 13 representing the sinkers used for the body
of the web, and Figure 14 those for the selvages. Each sinker may be
said to be compounded of the tips or upper ends of the common jack
and lead sinkers, there being (as it were) two tips soldered or rivetted to the
upper end of the body portion of a jack, and a space left between them
corresponding to the guage of the needles in the loom; D is a slot in which a
bar e is inserted, by which the whole set of sinkers so formed are bound to the
loom, and yet have sufficient range left to rise and lay hold of the thread, and
also to descend the requisite distance for "dropping," the extent of which
dropping determines the length of the loop; R, R, are falling bars, which are
placed beneath the tails f, f, of the jacks. The height of the falling bars is
regulated by means of screws s, s, so that they may be raised or lowered at
pleasure, to suit the amount of drop to be given to the jacks, and so determine
the length of loop. Each movement of the carriage from one side of the loom
to the other produces in close and quick succession the nine distinct move-
ments necessary to form a loop or row of loops :-First, there is the raising of
the jacks, which is effected by means of the sliding slur cocks S¹, S', enlarged
front and end views of which are given in Figures 15 and 16, which slur
cocks are connected to the carriage by means of arms S2, S3, and bars S³, S³.
As the carriage passes along the machine, the inclined planes formed upon the
top edges of the slur cocks come against the lower ends of the jacks and push
them up. As soon, however, as the slur cocks have passed underneath all the
jacks, the guide bars are brought to a stand by means of a screw stop T; the
carriage and bars S³, S³, go on a sufficient distance to give the slur cocks
the requisite lead or advance of the other moving parts, and so prepare them
for the next return stroke, to form the succeeding rows of loops. The bars
S³, S³, are slotted out to receive the ends of the arms S2, S3, and thus admit of

page_text: the bars remaining stationary, while the arms go on with the carriage. The
slur cock itself is formed of two pieces sliding one in front of the other, one of
which has perpendicular ends, while those of the other are inclined planes.
The reason for making this difference in the shape of the ends;; is, that as the
side which is an inclined plane lifts up the jacks, so by the square or
perpendicular end the jacks may each be permitted to drop perpendicularly
and draw the thread'down between the needles the' full length of 'the loop, and
place it under the beard of the needle. Second, the threads are laid upon the
needles by the guides T, T, which are shewn both in front and side elevation
in Figures 17 and 18. These guides are connected to bars T, T¹; the
bobbins from which the threads are supplied are carried by a frame T, T³,
(Figures 7 and 8), which is affixed to, and moves to and fro along with
the carriage. The bars T', T'; are mounted in sliding bearings T*, T*, so that
the bars may be stopped the instant the guides have passed over the last
needle of each section; were the guides permitted to go beyond that point,
the selvage would not be properly formed. Third, the jacks have to be
lowered for the purpose of drawing the thread down between the needles the
exact distance required for forming the loops, and this is effected by light
spring slur cocks U, U, which are affixed to the carriage bars V², V³, with
their free ends bearing upon the tails of the jacks, and acting upon them in
the same way as the slur cock of the common knitting frame.
of the springs may have friction rollers connected to them, so that they may
roll instead of being drawn over the tails of the jacks. Fourth, the raising of
the jacks preparatory to dressing, is effected by the same sliding slur cock
S', S¹, as is employed in the first movement. Fifth, the bringing forward of
the jacks when all is ready for pressing, is effected by the pusher wheels V, V,
(for which pusher spring cams may be substituted,) which are placed 'imme-
diately beneath the presser wheels but behind the jacks, and are mounted
upon the carriage bars V3, Vs. Sixth, the pressing down of the beards or
barbs of the needles is accomplished by the presser wheels W, W, (Figure 19)
which are carried by brackets W%, W, affixed to sliding bars W³, W³.
Seventh, the knocking over of the loops, that is, the throwing each row of loop
as formed from off the beard or barbs of the needles, is caused by the back
pusher wheels V, V, employed to produce the fifth movement, as before
explained. Eighth, the lowering of the jacks is produced by the combined
action of the sliding slur cocks S¹, S', and the back spring slur cocks U, U.
And, ninth, the pushing back of the work and jacks is caused by the wheels
X, X, and X2, X2, (Figure 20,) (for which spring wires may be substituted,)
which are both connected to the brackets X, X, which are again connected
The free ends

page_text: to the stopping sliding bars X, X, so that like the other parts which slide
upon the frame of the carriage, they may give the proper lead in returning to
the other parts which are in advance of them.
We have represented the machine in the Drawings as being divided longi-
tudinally into ten sections, five on each side; but it may be divided into any
convenient number of sections, and other sets or tiers of needles may be placed
over those shewn in the Drawings, in which case the same carriage would
carry the moving parts for forming the webs on all the sets of needles, what-
ever might be the number employed.
Thirdly, our Invention consists in certain improvements in a knitting frame;
for which we obtained former Letters Patent, dated the Tenth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine. In that frame the
needles and points were combined together by the points being mounted in
the needle bar, the points and needles being cast in the same leads, or the
points being cast in separate leads and mounted along with the needles in the
needle bar, and each point occupying the place of a needle. By that arrange-
ment of needles and points the pattern might be varied according to the
manner in which the points and needles were distributed amongst one
another.
Now, our present improvements in this machine consist in combining with
the presser bar, one, two, or more slide presser bars, by which the pattern
upon the web may be still farther carried at pleasure. The slide presser bars
may either be acted upon by connecting them to the slur wheel by a system of
cords, or by means of the arrangement represented in Figure 21. When
cords are used they are joined to one end of the presser bar, which by the
action of the slur wheel is made to move towards one side of the loom, while
the instant it is released from the action of the slur wheel, it flies back in the
reverse direction by the action of a helical spring. In the arrangement
represented in Figure 21 and 22, A, A, is part of the framework of the loom.;
B, B, are the presser arms; C, C, the hanging cheeks; D, the presser bar,
upon which are mounted the sliding or pattern presser bars; E is a spindle
which is carried by brackets attached to the framework of the machine, and is
free to revolve in its bearings; F, F, F, are a set pattern wheels, which aro
mounted on the spindle E, and which actuate the sliding presser bars through
the medium of the connecting rods G, G, G; H is a ratchet wheel keyed to
the lower end of the spindle E; and 1, a lever affixed to the lower end of the
hanging cheeks, which comes against the ratchet wheel when the frame is at
its lowest point, and being pressed back carries round the ratchet wheel
a portion of a turn, carrying the pattern wheels along with it, and so actuating

page_text: the sliding presser bars and the needles in the formation of the next row of
loops; K is a sliding bar which is mounted upon the top of the presser bar,
and is intended for affixing a parchment or paper sliding pattern presser.
Figure 23 is a front elevation of the presser bar alone.
Fourthly, our Invention consists in the employment in knitting frames of a
guide of the form represented in Figures 21, 24, and 25, for the purpose of
what is technically termed "narrowing." This guide L is affixed to a slide
which runs upon a guide bar placed a short distance below the hand bar.
The carriage M of the guide is made to traverse towards either side by a
common slur string attached to the slur wheel. The raising and lowering of
the frame takes the guide up and down, its position being immediately over
the needles when up, so that as it passes over them it lays the thread upon
them immediately beyond the barbs or beards, and below the sinkers.
Fifthly, our Invention consists in introducing into knitting frame machinery
the use of a three-ribbed sinker such as represented in Figures 26, 27, and 28,
the two former Figures being the lead and jack sinkers, and Figure 28 being
the selvage sinker. By employing sinkers of this form we are enabled, with
the aid of the three or four thread guide formerly invented by us, and described
in the Specification of the Patent before referred to, to make a fabric piled on
one or both sides, which is especially applicable for gloves and all articles of
hosiery in which selvage is desirable. Figure 29 shows the last or selvage
needle in each section, the points a, a, being for laying hold of the threads in
turning. Figure 30 is an end elevation shewing the modification necessary to
be made in the upper part of the loom, in order to convey the threads from
the bobbins to the guides, by which they are laid upon the needles; A, A, is the
frame of the loom; B, B, a thread-conducting frame commonly called "the
fiddle; C, C, the wires upon which the weights for keeping the threads at their
proper degree of tension slide up and down; D is the lever by which the threads
are drawn off from the bobbins, and which is actuated by another lever F
placed below the lower end of the hanging cheek, to which it is connected by
the string E. The lower lever is struck by the hanging cheek each time the
frame is drawn forward, and "knocks off" the requisite quantity of thread
from the bobbins.
Sixthly, our Invention consists of certain arrangements for working the knit-
ting frame by means of a rotary motion from the top of the machine. Figure 31
is an end elevation of this modification. The details of the various parts
by which the movements of the loom are effected are shewn in Figures 32, 33,
34, 35, and 36. A, A, is the general framework; B, the crank shaft to which
the power is applied; C is the rotary shaft occupying a position above the head

page_text: of the loom; D is a spindle by which the motion is conveyed from the crank
shaft to the rotary shaft, upon which there are fixed several cams suited for
conveying the proper movements to the thread guides, the slur box, the jacks,
and sinkers, for effecting the throwing over of the arch and the pressing; E
is a cam in the periphery of which there are two serpentine grooves from a to
b, and from c to d; F is a lever which turns upon a fulcrum at c, and carries at
its upper end a small friction roller which as the cam revolves falls successively
into the serpentine grooves, and causes the lower end of the lever I to move
out and in towards the centre of the loom. Figure 32 is an enlarged view of
the parts connected to the lower end of the lever F; G is a rod, one part of
which is horizontal, and is supported by a friction roller G; the other part of
this rod G is bent in an upward direction, and connected at top to the slur
box, which it causes to travel along the jacks according as it is itself moved by
the lever F, while at the same time it moves the thread guides I, I, Figure 33,
by means of the rising and falling locking pieces II, HI, and the sliding bar
to which the thread guides I, I, Figure 33, are connected, being attached to the
upright arms K, K. Figure 34 shews the locking cam and its connections,
with the locking bar; Lis the cam; L³, a lever which has its fulcrum at f; L³ is
the locking bar; and L, a tail piece attached to the back of L³, by which it is
actuated when the cam causes the lower end of the lever to be pressed down.
Figure 35 is a representation of the rising and falling cam, which, through
the intervention of the lever M, gives an alternating up and down motion to
the cross bar M. Figure 36 shews the means employed for bringing the
frame forward to "knock over" the loops, and again taking it back into the
arch to prepare for the next row of loops; N is the forward cam; No, another
cam by which the back motion is produced; N³, a lever which turns in a
fulcrum at g affixed to the back rail of the framework; N', N', are the cam
friction pulleys; and No, a rod by which the alternating movements of the lever
N° are convoyed to the tye bar N°, which is affixed to the hanging cheeks.
The pressing down of the beards or barbs of the needles to permit of the
loops being pushed over them is effected by means of the arrangements shewn in
the cross section of the front parts of the head of the loom given in Figure 33.
O is the needle bar; P, the sinker bar; and R, another bar which is connected
to it, and which carries a set of brackets R, R; these brackets are placed at
intervals across the machine. At their lower end they carry the presser wire
S, which is of such length as completely to pass over the whole set of needles
when the lock of the jack takes place. The frame being lowered brings the
wire S down upon the beards or barbs of the needles, and holds them there
until the loops are pushed over. The pressing may also be effected by a

page_text: presser of the sort now usually employed in the stocking or knitting frame, and
actuated. by means of one or two cams placed upon the rotary shaft: When
such an arrangement is employed, then the presser" bar is connected to the
end of a bent lever passing over the head of the loom, the other end of the
lever being acted upon by a cam.or. cams, so as to give to it a rising and falling
motion recurring at the proper intervals to produce the pressing.
'Seventhly, our Invention consists of an improved apparatus for narrowing
and producing patterns upon a fancy work,.. represented in Figure 37 (an
elevation), and Figure: 38 (a plan). To each end of the needle bar there
is affixed árbracket with a carriage, upon which the jack machine travels out
and; in towards the needles:
.
Figure 39 is a cross section of the jack, shewing how the points of the jack,
when pushed forward, are made to dip down into their proper position for
taking hold of the loops of the fabric... The jack has an axle or spindle at each
end, upon which there is slipped a friction pulley T, after which it is put into
its place upon the brackets, so that the jack may travel with facility; T? is
another friction pulley, which bears against the side of the bracket, and which
causes the jack to travel parallel with the needles in either going out or
in towards them; T is another friction wheel, which is placed at the
extremity of the arm T, and runs upon a rail T, which is affixed to the inside
of the bracket. The inner end of the rail has a curvature, beginning at the
point g. As the jack 'advances, towards the needles, the instant the friction
wheel T comes upon the curved end of the rail it allows the jack to dip down
in front and the points to take into the loops. In hand machines the sub-
sequent operation of lifting the loops placed upon the points of the jack,
as above explained, may be conducted in the usual manner; but when the
frame is driven by means of a rotary shaft the auxiliary appendages (such as
cam wheels) may be fitted upon the crank. driving shaft, so as to actuate the
jack at any desired interval, and by making the cams to be drawn along
the shaft, or to come into gear only on the recurrence of a definite number of
revolutions of the crank shaft, patterns of great variety may be formed upon
the web. Figures 40, 41, and 42 are representations of the lead, the jack, and
selvage sinkers employed in this apparatus.
Eighthly, our Invention consists of an improved circular "turn-again"
loom, in which jacks are made to act in the formation of the fabric in a
manner nearly similar to the lead and jack sinkers of the common stocking-
knitting frame.
Figure 43 is .a. vertical section. of a frame constructed according to this

page_text: improvement. A, A, is the stationary spindle; B, B, the circular frame, the
upper edge of which forms the needle bar; a, a, are the needles; C, C, the
jacks, which are similar in form to those separately represented in Figures 12
and 18.
Each jack is composed of the nib b of a lead sinker and the nib c of
a common jack sinker, the nibs being rivetted or otherwise fastened to the
upper end of the jack, with sufficient space between them to admit of a needle
being passed between. These jacks rest at their lower ends upon a ledge
formed upon the edge of the circular frame, or upon a "falling bar" or ring
D, D, which encircles the frame B, B, the height of which can be regulated
to produce the desired length of loop by the screws d², d². The raising of the
jacks is produced by projections formed upon the upper edge of a slur bar or
ring E, E, which, like the falling bar or ring, encircles the lower edge of the
frame, but is attached to the fixed spindle A, so as to be stationary while
the frame is moveable. F, F, are the thread bobbins; G, one of the guides
by which the thread is laid upon the needles. The bobbins and guides are
affixed to a circular disc G2, and always remains stationary. H, H, is a spring
slur cock for producing the forward movement of the jacks; it is of the form
separately represented in Figure 44. The two lesser projections e, e, are for
landing the work on to the beards or barbs of the needles, the central and larger
one f is for pressing over the loops; I, I, is another slur cock for pressing
down the tails of the jacks.
A plan of the two spring slur cocks combined is given in Figure 44, both
are affixed to one arm 12, which passes through a slot formed in the frame B,
the length of the slot being equal to that of the section of needles or breadth
of web to be formed on the loom. K, K, are the presser wheels, which are
fitted in pairs mounted upon a small beam L. One of the presser wheels
passes over the beards or barbs of the needles while going to the right, and tho
other passes over-them while going to the left, so that the presser keeps
its proper position in relation to the guide-for forming the loops in both
directions. Figure 46 is a front elevation, and Figure 47 a plan of the presser
wheel.
f
At the end of each section of needles there is placed a cam M, which,
when the presser wheel in action has passed over the last needle of the section,
and completed its work upon the row of loops being formed, impinges upon
the beam L, and turns that presser wheel round, so as to be beyond the points
of the needles, while the other wheel is brought forward by the same movement
into the proper position for pressing the next row of loops by the frame
turning or working in the reverse direction. The back and forward movements

page_text: of the frame itself are produced by means of the following arrangements :-
N is a crank arm, to which a continuous rotary motion is imparted by hand or
by other power; O is a bevil pinion keyed to the same shaft as the crank
handle; P, P, are two bevil wheels, which are connected together by being
fixed upon the same boss which forms a part of the frame, so that when the
wheels are made to revolve they carry the frame with them. These wheels
are furnished with teeth only upon one half of their circumference, the teeth
upon the one being opposite to that portion of the other which has no teeth.
The pinion thus alternately gears into both wheels, and causes the frame
successively to perform a portion of a revolution in one direction, and then
another portion in the opposite direction.
Although the action of this loom has been explained when applied as
a "turn-again loom," it may, with very slight modifications and alterations,
be used as a circular loom, revolving [continuously in one direction. When
so employed the presser wheels and the slur cocks, instead of being constructed
to act from both sides, require to be formed only to act upon one side, and are
fixed so as to remain always in one position. The arm to which the back slur.
cocks in this instance are fixed is made to pass out entirely below the revolving
frame, and not to pass through a slot, as before explained.
Ninthly, our Invention consists in a method of producing fancy lace or
open work" from the warp frame. This is done by combining points with
needles in the needle bar in any order of arrangement required by the pattern.
The same method is applicable to circular and turn-again looms.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that the improvements which
we claim as embraced in our said Invention are as follows:-
First, we claim the improved twist lace or bobbin net machinery first herein-
before described, whereby such machinery is adapted for the first time to the
manufacture of ribbons and of figured carpets, rugs, curtains, coverlets, and
other like fabrics, and adapted also to the producing of plat and other laces in
larger webs and of a much richer and finer quality than heretofore, that is
to say, in so far as regards the double brass bobbins and carriages and the
independent spools.
Second, we claim the employment generally, in twist lace or bobbin net
machinery, of the said double brass bobbins, and also of independent spools,
whether combined (either or both of them) with comb bars, sleys, and other
well-known parts of such machinery, or with jacquard heads in the manner
before described, or in any other manner whatever.

page_text: Third, we claim the use of independent spools in connexion with single
bobbins, whenever more than one such spool is used to one bobbin..
Fourth, we claim the improved knitting frame secondly before described,
in so far as respects the arrangements and combinations by which all the
movements necessary to the formation of two rows of loops are effected by a
single pass from side to side of the machine of the upright lever G, whether
such lever be put in motion by a rotating shaft, cam wlieel, and gearing, as
described by us, or by any other combination of known mechanical means.
And, also, we claim the employment, in knitting machinery generally, of
jacks and slur cocks of the peculiar forms respectively represented in the
Drawings annexed and before described.
Fifth, we claim the improvement in the knitting frame formerly patented
by us, specified under the third head of this Specification, and as specified.
Sixth, we claim the "narrowing" of plated selvaged webs by means of
guides, such as represented in Figures 21, 24, and 25, and before described.
Seventh, we claim the three-nibbed sinker, represented in Figures 26, 27,
and 28, and before described.
Eighth, we claim the working of knitting frames by means of a rotary
movement placed at the top of the frame, as before described.
Ninth, we claim the improved apparatus for narrowing and figuring fancy
work, represented in Figure 33, 37, 38, and 39, and before described.
Tenth, we claim the improvements in the "turn-again" and circular looms
described under the eighth head of this Specification, that is to say, the ar-
rangements by which selvages are produced on each side of the web, and the
twisting of the web is prevented.
Eleventh, we claim the method of combining needles and points in warp
frames and in circular and turn-again looms, for the purpose of producing
fancy lace or open work, described under the ninth head of this Specification.
And, lastly, we claim the combination of the jack and lead sinkers in one
piece, as represented in Figures 12, 13, and 14, and before described, however
applied or applicable, to all stocking frames or knitting machinery of every
description.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Keely and William Wilkinson,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of Octo-
ber, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
THOMAS (L.S.) KELLY.
W.
(L.S.) WILKINSON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Thomas Keely and William
Wilkinson came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.