Year: 1898

page_text: I, EDWARD COLSTON LOVELL of 7 Station Road Ashley Down Road in the City and
County of Bristol, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My improved machine is designed for making cylindrical paper bags from square
sheets at one operation, and to obviate the difficulty of cutting the paper sheets to a
special shape.
The machine is provided with a suitable frame, preferably of cast iron, with a flat
top or laying on table; and the frame is arranged for carrying the journals of the
several spindles directly or in attached brackets. The chief features of the machine
are as follows:-A main driven spindle, a counter shaft receiving motion from the
main spindle by means of toothed gearing, an oscillating toothed quadrant supported
by a shaft held movably in the frame of the machine. A pinion driven by the said
quadrant is mounted upon a hollow spindle, free to oscillate upon the same, and
adjacent to a brass cylinder of special construction hereinafter described. The said
pinion is provided with recesses on that side next the cylinder, and the said cylinder
is fitted with spring controlled studs in holes in the end of the cylinder. The said
studs engage with and release from the described recesses in the face of the pinion to
form in effect a clutch for operating grippers formed in and being part of the
cylinder.
The cylinder is in two parts, divided longitudinally; and grooved to form grippers
on opposite sides of the cylinder, one half of the cylinder is rigidly attached to the
hollow spindle before mentioned, and the other half is loose, and is operated by the
studs and pinion described.
A folder of special form with several blades is carried on a spindle journalled in the
frame suitably, and the said folder is rotated by the said spindle across the end of the
cylinder before described. The said cylinder is unsupported at its outer end, for the
convenience of removing the finished bag which is formed upon the cylinder.
The laying on table is provided with slots, and the slots admit of projecting fingers
for the purpose of feeding the paper sheet to the grippers.
The said grippers are formed by a longitudinal groove in the cylinder, opened and
closed suitably. The fingers are reciprocated by connecting rods and levers from the
quadrant shaft at proper intervals.
At the front of the laying on table and near the cylinder, a plane (which may be
solid or perforated) is hinged. A spring lifts the said plane to a given level when the
plane is released by a camb specially provided for depressing the said plane. The
said camb is fitted to a spindle arranged above the said plane, and the plane is con-
CD 077

page_text: trolled by a pedal operated catch, to hold down the plane if necessary after the camb
has passed the plane.
The plane is provided with a smoothing pad lifted into contact with the gripping
cylinder at proper intervals.
The camb spindles carries a rotating gumming pad, and this said pad takes its
charge of gum from a similar pad mounted on a spindle adjacent to a large gum
distrubiting roll, and the second pad takes its charge of gum from the distributing
roll.
The gum distributing roll is partially immersed in a quantity of gum held in a gum
trough and a spreader is fitted to the edge of the trough and adjustable against the
distributing roll by screws, or other suitable means.
The gum distributing roll spindle is journailed on the gum trough and is driven
continuously or not, as desired.
A vertical spindle is pivotted in the frame and receives motion from the quadrant
shaft by means of toothed bevil gearing or is alternatively operated by camb motion
from the counter shaft mentioned. The vertical spindle is fitted at its upper end
with an arm which oscillates with the spindle, and the arm is provided with a disc or
pad which is brought into contact with the bottom of the paper bag when folded over
and gummed, and presses the folds together to finish the bag on the cylinder. The
cylinder is mounted on a hollow spindle as described, and a blast of air is blown
thorough the cylinder to effect the realease and discharge the finished bag.
The air blast is provided by an air cylinder fitted with a piston and connecting rod
suitably and the piston is operated by a lever from the quadrant shaft described.
The air cylinder and piston is suitably disposed on the frame and a common flap
valve is provided for the admission of air.
Motion is communicated to the main spindle of the machine by hand or other
power, by gearing or by pulleys and belting; and from the main spindle to the
counter shaft by toothed gearing.
From the counter shaft a crank pin and connecting rod before mentioned, com-
municates oscillating motion to the geared quadrant and to the shaft upon which the
quadrant is mounted.
The motion of the gripping cylinder is in one direction but intermittent.
The motion of the folder spindle is in opposite direction compared with the
gripping eylinder, and is intermittent.
The motions of the camb spindle and gumming pad spindles are in the same
direction as the cylinder and are intermittent.
Dated this 11th day of August 1898
improvements in Paper Bag Making Machines.
I EDWARD COLSTON LOVELL of 7 Station Road, Ashley Down Road in the City and
County of Bristol Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
My invention is for an improved paper bag making machine, and is designed more
especially for making cylindrical bags from square or rectangular sheets of paper. My
improved machine is simple in construction and is worked by hand or by other power
as may be most convenient, and at any desired rate of speed. There is no necessity
for the sheets of paper used, to be cut to special shape in order to more easily form
the bottom of the cylindrical bag, as this difficulty is surmounted by means of a

page_text: special rotating folder hereinafter described and shewn. First motion is,communi-
cated to the machine by ordinary methods, such as belts and pulleys or by gearing
as may be desired; and the succeeding operations of the machine are as hereinafter
more fully described and shewn on the drawings.
Fig 1. on Sheet 1. is a front elevation of the machine as seen by the operator when
feeding the machine,
Fig. 2 is a side elevation at the right hand of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a bach elevation of
the machine. Fig. 4 is a side elevation at the left hand of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 Sheet 2 is a
part plan of the machine above the table, and with the gum trough removed to shew the
arrangement of the spindles. The other figures show details hereinafter referred to.
the The frame a carries a table a¹ and a guard or guide a is' adjustable on the table
for convenience in feeding the sheets squarely to the cylinder b which is split longi-
tudinally at 6 to form a gripper, and is hereinafter called the gripping cylinder.
Gumming pads c c are mounted on spindles c² 3 the spindles journalled in
standards d d d² free to rotate. The gripping cylinder 6 is fitted upon a hollow
spindle the said spindle journalled at 63 6 free to rotate. The gumming pad
spindle c² is driven from the hollow spindle 62 by toothed gearing e¹ in ratio of 1 to 1,
and which changes the direction of rotation. The gumming pad spindle c³ is driven
from the spindle c² by equal gearing c. A gumming roll f is mounted upon a gum
trough adjacent to the rotating pads c c¹ and the pad c takes its charge of gum
from the said roll and transfers the gum to the lower pad cl as their edges come into
contact during each revolution of the spindles c c³. The gumming roll is fitted to a
spindle f journalled in bearings on the trough f' and the said roll is driven by a spur
wheel f³ from the spindle c³. A leather or rubber faced presser g is rigidly fitted to
and oscillates with a vertical spindle g¹ the said spindle carried in a footstep hearing /³
on the frame, and is supported at the top in a bracket on the frame. Partial rotation
is communicated to the vertical spindle g by bevil gearing g³ from the shaft /. A
toothed pinion is loosely mounted upon the hollow spindle 6 and is free to rotate
in one direction only upon the spindle adjacent to the end of the gripping cylinder b.
The said pinion is driven by a toothed quadrant which communicates motion to the
spindles and gearing above the table.
The said quadrant is rigidly fitted to the shaft and the said shaft is journalled in
bearings on the frame. The quadrant 2 and shaft is operated by a connecting
rod hand crank pin i, the said crank pin is fitted upon a spur wheel and the said
spur wheel is mounted upon a stud 2 in a bracket upon the frame.
The spur
wheel receives motion from a pinion 4 Figs 1 and 2 and the said pinion is mounted
on the main shaft j journalled in bearings j¹ on the frame. Fast and loose pulleys ja
receive first motion from any convenient driving shaft. A lever is rigidly fitted
upon the quadrant shaft h and the end of the said lever is jointed movably to the
link k¹. An air cylinder 2 is fitted to the frame and a piston h³ is operated in the
air cylinder by the link ¹. A pipe is carried from the top of the air cylinder to
the hollow spindle 62 and a blast of air is discharged at proper intervals from the air
cylinder through the pipe and a hollow spindle 2 to blow the finished bag from the
gripping cylinder, which latter is disposed at the extreme end of the said hollow
spindle. The opposite end of the hollow spindle revolves air tight in a stuffing box /
and gland l². Fig. 2 is-a-side-elevation-at-the-right-hand-of-Fig-1,-and shews the
first motion pulleys 2 main shaft j pinion spur wheel it crank pin connecting
rod quadrant 2 quadrant shaft h stud 2 bracket lever k link k¹ air cylinder ²
with piston k³, and air pipe / connected to the end of the hollow spindle 62 at the
gland 12. The standard 2 carries the spindles c² b2 and m and stud d³ with toothed
wheels el free to revolve on the said stud, see also Fig 1.
A folder spindle m is
journalled at one end in the standard d² as shewn, and at the further end in a bearing
on the frame above the table a¹. The folder spindle is driven by tooth gearing m²
from the hollow spindle 62 in ratio of 1 to 1 and a rotating folder m² of special shape
is rigidly fitted to the end of the spindle m. The folder is hereinafter described in
detail. The gum trough f is provided with a plate n adjustable by screws n¹ and for
the purpose of distributing the gum evenly on the gum roll f. A lever o is rigidly

page_text: fitted to the quadrant shaft and oscillates with the shaft, a connecting rod o¹ is
jointed to the said lever movably, and at the other end to a double lever o² also
movably. The double lever has its fulcrum at o³ and the upper end of the said lever
is jointed to a slide p by a link p¹. Metal strips på are rigidly fixed to the slide p(see
Fig 1) and the strips project upward through slots in the table a¹ to form feeders, in
the sense that the strips are reciprocated by the rods and levers shewn and at proper
intervals; and carry the paper sheets into the grippers of the gripping
cylinder b. Fig-3-is-n back-elevation-of-the-machine-and-shews-the parts-described
similarly lettered. The folder m¹ of thin plate, is cut at the circumference into a
series of vanes, the said vanes pass over the end of the gripping cylinder upon which
the bag is formed and fold in the bottom of the bag. The spindle m is journalled near
the folder at m³. The bracket gt supports the upper end of the vertical spindle g¹
and the presser g before described oscillates with the vertical spindle through an
angle of about 90 degrees. Fig. 4 is a side elevation-at-the-left-hand-of-Fig 1-and
shews the gumming roll f spur wheels fc by which the roll is driven, the latter
journalled in standard d, gum trough f, adjustable plate n regulating screws n¹
folder m bracket 04 presser and the end of the gripping cylinder b by which the
paper sheets are gripped and rolled into form. The said cylinder is mounted on the
hollow spindle 62 before described and the said spindle is connected at that end most
remote from the gripping cylinder with a pipe the said pipe in communication with
the air cylinder 2 before described. Fig--Sheet-2, is-a-part-plan-of-the-machine
above-the-table,-and-with--the-gum--trough--removed-to--shew-the--arrangement-of
the spindles Slots in the table allow of the fingers 2 projecting through to feed
the sheets automatically as hereinafter described. The loose pinion h¹ on the hollow
spindle 62 is driven by the quadrant 2, and in one direction the pinion revolves freely
round the spindle; but in the opposite direction the pinion holds the gripping
cylinder b to which it is adjacent, and with which it forms a clutch as hereinafter
shewn in detail. The gripping cylinder is rigidly fitted upon the hollow spindle b²
and when held by the clutch of the pinion the cylinder and spindle together are
rotated one and a half turns, and in the same time the spindles and c² shewn, are
geared to rotate one turn only. A cam is rigidly fitted upon the spindle c2 (called
in the provisional specification the cam spindle) to depress a hinged plane at the feed
side of the gripping cylinder at proper intervals, and a detail of the said hinged plane
is shewn at Fig 11 Sheet 3. On Sheet 3 are shewn to a larger scale the details of
parts before mentioned but not completely shewn. An alternative but not indispen-
sable means of operating the piston 3 in the air cylinder 2 is shewn in Fig 6.
crank is rigidly fitted upon a countershaft the latter substituted for the stud 2
Fig 1 Sheet 2. A connecting rod 2 and a bent lever are operated by the said
crank. The air cylinder with fitted piston k³ and link k¹ are in connection with the
bent lever 3 and the said piston is operated from the crank by the said connecting
rod and bent lever. The said bent lever is free to oscillate on the quadrant shaft h
and is independent of the motion of the said shaft, and may be mounted alternatively
on a smooth stud fitted to the frame at a suitable distance from the air cylinder.
Fig 7 is a detail of the connection between the air pipe / and the hollow spindle b², a
stuffing box and gland 12 is provided with suitable packing and the spindle
rotates air tight therein. Fig 8 is a cross section of the gripping cylinder on the
hollow spindle and shews two similar parts into which the cylinder is divided longi-
tudinally. The parts is rigidly attached to the hollow spindle 62, the part 1 is free to
move inside the part s rotatively through a short range 3 and thereby forms a gripper
for the edges of the paper sheets which are automatically fed to the said gripper.
Fig 9 is an end elevation of the gripping cylinder. The holes tt are fitted with short
projecting studs, and behind the studs are coiled springs which compress when the
studs are forced into the said holes. The said spring projected studs t¹¹ Fig 10-
engage with corresponding recesses in the face of the pinion h¹ as shewn, and the
cylinder b and hollow spindle 62 are thus driven by the said pinion in the direction
indicated, and the paper sheet rolled upon the cylinder to form the bag. When the
pinion is rotated in a reverse direction the studs slip from the said recesses and the

page_text: quadrant simply rotates the disengaged pinion on the spindle 62 and the operation
described is repeated at each oscillation of the quadrant before mentioned. The dotted
lines indicate the bag formed on the cylinder, the projecting part folds in to form the
bottom of the bag. Fig 11 is a detail of the hinged plane u suspended by a spring u¹
and resting on the frame at a freely. A pad is provided on the plane at under the
gripping cylinder b to press the paper sheet when the sheet is rolled on the cylinder,
and the spring u¹ keeps the pad in contact with the cylinder until the plane is de-
pressed by the cam v on the spindle c². The plane is divided, and the upper part is
hinged at vand pivotted at v² on the table so that the edge vs nearest to the gripper
cylinder is raised when the camb v depresses the plane, and dropped when the camb
has passed, and the spring u¹ (which is extended by the operation of the camb) restores
the plane to its normal position. The rod q and treadle q' shewn on Sheet 1, is here
shewn to larger scale; the treadle is a bent lever with its fulcrum at a near the floor,
and the longer limb q is bent at its upper end and engages with a projection on the
plane at q, and for the purpose of holding the plane in its lower position to escape
the lower gumming pad c¹, see Sheet 1, should there be a break in the supply of
sheets to the machine. The foot of the operator on the treadle compresses the
spring q5 to release the catch, and keep it in its normal position. Fig 12 is an alter-
native but not indispensable method of operating the plane described. The upper
part us and lower part shewn in Fig 11 are here separated, the part ³ is still
pivotted before the gripping cylinder b and the part u in modified shape is hinged on
the frame at w. The pad is placed at the opposite end of u under the gripping
cylinder, and u is depressed by the cam w¹ fitted on the folder spindle m. The
pressure of the pad u on the underside of the cylinder is regulated by a nut and
screw w² and a spring w³ attached to the bottom of the gum trough f', similar letters
of reference indicate the same parts as in Fig 11. Fig 13 is a detail of the folder m¹
the vanes of which are cut and bent as shewn, and pass near the outer end of the
gripping cylinder when rotated. The paper bag is formed on the said cylinder, and
projecting beyond the end of the same is sufficient paper to form the bottom of the
bag as shewn in Fig 10. The said folder tucks in the projecting end of the bag
which is afterwards pressed up tightly by the presser g on the vertical spindle
described and shewn. Fig 14 is a detail of the gumming pads c, c¹, described, and
both pads are similar in shape. The upper pad takes gum from the gum roll and
transfers the gum to the lower pad as the pads come together during each revolu-
tion. The lower pad when in its lowest position just reaches the hinged plane us and
as the sheet of paper passes over the said plane into the machine the pad revolves upon
the paper and gums the longitudinal edge of the sheet with the part 2 2¹, and part
end of the sheet with the part 2 22. The sheet of paper is indicated in Fig 14" and
the parts lettered z z¹ and z z² correspond with the similarly lettered portions of the
pad shewn in Fig 14. When the sheet is rolled on the cylinder b it forms a cylin-
drical tube, and the partly gumined side z z² appears on the inner circumference of
the paper tube which overhangs the end of the said cylinder. This partly gummed
edge is the last bit of the circumference to be tucked in by the rotating folder, and
the gum on this said edge is enough to hold down all the first folds, which are un-
gummed. The presser g described finishes the bag by pressing hard against the last
gummed fold. Fig 15 Sheet 3 shews the bottom of the bag as folded in. The longi-
tudinal lapped seam o 12 is gummed by the pad c (Fig 14) and by the edge z z 1 of
the said pad. The line 2 to 3 Fig 15 is continued dotted from to 4, returned on
itself from 4 to 3 and continued to 5. The said folded line represents the part
gummed edge of the paper sheet (z to z Fig 14 Sheet 3) when folded and pressed
up by the presser before described.
The machine described is operated in the following manner. Continuous first
motion is communicated to the pulleys 2 on the main shaft j, the toothed pinion *
on the main shaft operates the spur wheel the crank i, and the connecting rod h
oscillates the toothed quadrant h2 rotating the clutch pinion on the hollow shaft
as described. The hollow spindle 62 communicates intermittent rotatory motion to
all the spindles above the board by the toothed gearing shewn, and in the directions

page_text: indicated in Fig. 2. The gumming pad c transfers the gum from the roll to the
pad c¹ and the latter presses the paper sheet as it is fed under the pad and over
the hinged plane u³ and the gummed sheet is rolled round the gripping cylinder
immediately after. The folder m¹ rotates intermittently across the outer end of the
gripping cylinder and folds in the projecting end of the paper tube to form the
bottom of the bag, and the presser g on the vertical spindle g¹ is pressed firmly
against the bottom of the bag to complete the same.
and
A charge of air is drawn into the air cylinder through a common flap valve, and
the said air is discharged by the piston described through the air pipe
hollow spindle 62 to project the finished bag from the cylinder on which it is formed.
The process described is repeated for every revolution of the spur wheel i and each
(return) stroke of the quadrant rotates the clutch pinion ¹ loosely on the hollow
spindle 62 and at the same time operates the air piston to discharge the bag. The
folder is cut away to allow the bag to he discharged from the cylinder freely, see
Fig. 13.
A flat spring is inserted at 63 Fig. 8 to open the grippers before the bag
is discharged.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The gripping cylinder as described and shewn in combination with a loose clutch
pinion, quadrant driven as shewn and mounted as shewn on a hollow spindle for the
purpose named and-shewn:
2. The combination of an air cylinder and piston with the hollow spindle as shewn
and described.
3. The combination with the foregoing of a rotating folder as shewn and driven
substantially as shewn and described.
4. The combination with the foregoing of a presser on a vertical spindle as shewn
for the purpose named and-shewn.
5. The combination with the foregoing of gumming pads spindle fitted and rotated
as described, and in combination with the gum roll substantially as shewn and
described.
6. The combination with the foregoing of automatic feeding mechanism as shewn
and described, and the alternative method also shewn and described.
Dated this 9th day of May 1899