Improvements in and relating to Thrashing Machines.
Year: 1888

page_text: .Improvements in and relating to Thrashing Machines.
I, ERIK GUSTAF NICOLAUS SALENIUS, of 37 Handtverkaregatau Stockholm, in
the Kingdom of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The thrashing machine which forms the subject of the present invention differs
from those heretofore used principally in the straw-shaker which is so disposed that
the straw at the same time that it is shaken is brought upwards out of the machine,
by means of which the grain and straw are more effectually separated and the clearing
of the said machine of straw rendered easier than in the machines as heretofore con-
The said
structed in which the straw has to pass horizontally through the same.
invention differs further in the disposition of the sieves and the double cleaner and
sorter.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of the improved thrashing machine on the
line a b cf figure 2 showing the double cleaner and the sorter which may be located
on the inside or outside of the machine.
Figure 2 is a front view of the machine..
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the same on the line ed or figure 2 looking
in a direction opposite to that of figure 1, and
.
Figures 4 and 5 show a detail.
The improved thrashing machine is divided into a small compartment A in which
the feeder is situated and a larger compartment determined by the walls B and B¹
placed at right angles, one to another. In the latter compartment the thrashing
drum C is located and in part also the straw shaker. This latter consists of a frame E
which by means of small wheels E' fixed on its outside, rests on the side walls of the
machine so that it can be moved along the said machine to provide for different
inclinations. At both ends of the frame are fixed transverse shafts E2 which support
eccentrics E3 serving at the same time as chain pulleys and being on their circum-
ferences provided with projections for driving endless chains E' surrounding the said
pulleys. The said chain pulleys thus serve the double purpose of driving the chains

page_text: and alternately raising and lowering the same in consequence of which the pulleys
fixed on the same shaft have their longest radius turned in different positions with
relation to each other.
On the chains there are also secured transverse bars F which partly shake the grain
thrashed out of the straw and partly prevents the straw from falling down between
the chains. In the machine represented in the drawing figure 2 there are 4 chains
abreast but any other suitable number adapted to the width of the machine may be
provided.
In order to give to the middle part of the chains a motion corresponding to that
effected by the eccentricity of the chain pulleys a shaft F¹ is arranged at about the
middle of the frame E to which is secured arms carrying bearing wheels F2 one for
each chain, so, that by oscillating the shaft F the said chains are raised alternately.
The shaft F is put in oscillatory motion by means of the crank pulley F³ which by
means of a liuk-bar F4 is connected with an arm F projecting from the shaft. It
should also be remarked that the straw shaker may likewise be disposed in such a
manner that both shafts E run in bearings fixed at the sides of the thrashing machine
if those forwards be made sufficiently high or the whole straw shaker be placed in a
more horizontal position as in some of the machines heretofore made. The straw
shaker must at the beginning be arranged in the most convenient position as it cannot
be readjusted afterwards. Likewise it is evident that the frame E in lieu of being
pivotted at its middle can be pivotted on one end shaft E2 if the bearings of the latter
be fixed at the sides of the machine.
By the thrashing drum the straw is thrown up upon the straw shaker where it is
shaken by the swinging chains while being brought upwards towards the top of the
straw shaker. From the thrashing drum and the straw shaker grain and chaff fall
down upon the walls B and B and are by means of the conveying device G brought
over the top of the wall B¹ to the cleaning apparatus. The straw after having been
brought over the top of the straw shaker is by a smaller conveying device G¹ removed
from the machine and thrown down into a carriage placed below.
The cleaning apparatus consists of several superposed sieves G2, G3 and G alter-
nating with bottoms H, H' and H2 which cause the grain to pass successively over
the respective sieves. The sieves as well as the bottoms are supported and put in
motion by chains extending around revolving pulleys these chains being mutually
united by means of hoop iron links. Thus the sieves G2 and bottom H are fixed on
transverse pieces H³ which at the ends repose on links H* being continuations of
links H surrounding the pulleys H and H at both sides of the machine.
The superfluous parts of the pulley H are cut off. The pulley He has oscillating
motion imparted to it by means of an eccentric I, which is embraced by the arms I
fixed to the pulley H. The said arms may if desired be substituted by one simple
arm corresponding to an ordinary eccentric rod. It will thus be seen that by means
of the eccentric I the pulley receives its motion on either side of the machine the
chains and the sieve G2 and the bottom H being thus moved to and fro. By means of a
similar arrangement the sieves G3 G4 and the bottoms H' and H2 are put in motion
by using the same shaft 12. as for the sieve just mentioned but with a different
eccentric. For adjusting the length of the chains a screw link I³ or a spring I* may
be used whichever is most convenient. The pulleys H H may evidently be substi-
tuted by arms pivotted at their middle.
From the top of the wall B₁ grain and chaff falls down on the coarse sieve G¹
where the greater part of the chaff is separated by the sieve and in consequence of
the inclination and the motion of the sieve is brought forward and falls down ahead
of the machine. While the grain is passing through the sieves, the remaining awns
are blown off by the fan K until the grain falls down from the bottom H2 into the
gutter K. Heavier particles which do not pass through the sieves G³ and G* fall
down into the gutter K2 and are then led off to some convenient receptacle. The
gutter K is by means of a pin K³ pivotted to the cross piece K* supporting the
bottom H. The object of this is so that when the machine is used for thrashing
barley, to lead the grain to a screw I. placed horizontally under the gutter K¹ this

page_text: screw constituting at the same time for a part of its length a barley awner in order
to deprive the barley grain of the beard.
When another kind of cereal is to be thrashed, the gutter is inclined in the other
direction, so that the grain does not pass through the screw but falls down directly to
the conveying device M. The said screw and the gutter K' are shown in Figure 2.
When barley is thrashed the gutter K' is turned so that the grain falls out at the left
hand side into the pipe L' open at the top. The middle of the same pipe consists
below of a wire sieve L2 which by means of a hinge joint is fixed to the pipe, so as to
be opened and the screw consists at the same place of bars L³, which are fixed on
discs secured on the screw shaft, so that when the said shaft is rotated the said bars
pass close to the sieve.
By the rolling of the barley against the sieve it is deprived of the beard. When
thrashing another kind of cereal, the gutter K is inclined to the right when the grain
falls down directly into the conveying device K located at the side of the thrashing
machine and raising the grain to the gutter O from which it falls upon the sieves 01
and 02.
Awns
The double cleaner and the sorter are represented in longitudinal section in
Figure 1 and consist of the fan casing. N passing along the machine and connected
with the interior of the latter by an opening N¹; ahead of the fan N2 and under the
gutter O leading from the conveying device M' there are two sieves 0¹ and O2 upon
which the grain falls. The sieves are disposed in the same way as those above
mentioned in the machine and are put in motion by means of levers P P' (figure 3)
united one with the shaft P3 and the other with one of the arms I¹ Figure 3.
and such like which eventually remain in the cereal are blown off and directed by
a plate located in front of the opening N¹ and through this opening into the
machine. An adjustable turning bridge P³ has for its object to direct the awns
upwards towards the opening N¹. The grain however falls down by the action of
the fan P in proportion to their different weight into the different outlets Q under
which sacks have been placed in the usual manner to receive the assorted cereal.
Figures 4 and 5 represent a chain suitable for the straw-shaker and also for the
conveying device. They are composed of square links R so arranged with relation
to one another that U-shaped links R¹ can be passed through them and at the same
time serve to retain cross-pieces R2. If the interspaces between the cross-pieces
are required to be longer, part of the U-shaped links may be rivetted as shown at R2
in Figure 4. This chain being suitable also for a conveyor chain has the advantage
of being easily adjusted if it is required to be lengthened or shortened and recomposed
at the same time as the cross pieces are solidly secured.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
First. The arrangement by which the grain is collected from the thrashing drum
by two walls (B B¹) passing between the sides of the machine and inclined towards
each other between which bottoms the thrashing drum is located and of which wall
the one B is located behind the cleaning apparatus with the object of preventing straw
from being thrown into the cleaning apparatus by the thrashing drum.
Second. In a straw shaker consisting of two shafts (E3) running in bearings
fixed at the sides of the machine or at the ends of a frame E pivotted on pins,
and of endless chains provided with cross-pieces and running on toothed excentrics
secured on the shafts.
Third. The arrangement by which the endless chains of the straw shaker are at their
middle supported by wheels (F2) carried by arms secured to the oscillating shaft F¹
so that the chains receive a regular oscillating motion.
Fourth. The arrangement of the shaking parts of the straw shaker which consists
either of elevators as above stated or arranged or located in a pivotted frame, so
that the whole straw shaker can be placed at different inclinations to the thrashing
drum.

page_text: Fifth. The arrangement for imparting an alternate motion to the sieves consisting
of chains (H) or links passing between and fixed at chain pulleys (H6 H') or at
the ends of arms pivotted at their middle which pulleys or arms are put in oscillating
motion by excentrics (I) actuating arms (I) projecting from the chain pulleys or
the arms and on which chains or links the sieves, or the sieves and the adjacent
bottoms repose.
Sixth. The arrangement under the bottom of the last sieve in the cleaner of a
gutter (K¹) pivotted at its middle so that by the one different inclination of the
gutter, the grain may be caused to pass through one or other of the ends of the
said gutter.
Seventh. The arrangement for conducting at the same time the grains falling down
from the cleaning device to a fan located at the side of the machine and depriving
the said grain of beard, when barley is thrashed, consisting of a screw arranged
under the one cleaner, the said screw consisting for part of its length of spirally
disposed beaters passing close to sieves arranged around the screw shaft.
Eighth. The arrangement at the side of the machine of a double cleaner and a
sorter provided with a sieve apparatus upon which the grain is conducted from
the machine in order that being actuated by the same fan that blows upon the subse-
quent sieves to fall down into drums and thus to be sorted.
Ninth. The chain for the straw shaker and for the conveying device, consisting
of square links (R) and U shaped links (R') which latter are passed through the
former links partly superposed to each other and have for their object to secure the
transverse pieces R².
ليوم
Nov bam 1888
1888
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.