Improvements in and connected with the Ornamentation of Surfaces by Transferring thereto all kinds of Designs.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in and connected with the Ornamentation of Surfaces
by Transferring thereto all kinds of Designs.
I, BENJAMIN CRESWICK, Sculptor and Art Worker, of Great Charles Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows;-
This invention has for its object the expeditious and inexpensive ornamentation
of all kinds of surfaces with designs of all kinds of living organisms, vegetation
and inanimate substances together with designs of fabulous and imaginary
organisms, vegetation or substances.
Hitherto designs of every kind have been represented by the lithographic pro-
cess and by the engraving process both for small surfaces such as sheets of com-
mercial paper also on long rolls of wall-paper and tapestry, in a like manner what
is technically known as the "transfer process" has been in general use, by means
of which figures are produced on tissue-paper in any desired colours or in gold-
leaf and the design transferred from the tissue-paper to the gummed surfaces of
articles to be ornamented; in contradistinction to each of the old systems herein-
before described designs can be reproduced any required number of times without
the outlay required in preparing lithographic stones for commercial sheets and
without the outlay now required in preparing rollers with engraved surfaces for
use in the production of wall-paper and tapestry paper and the new system is
hereinafter fully described.
In carrying out my invention I cut from a sheet of thin rubber or from any
other suitable fabric or material the outline of the figure or ornament required
and in the production of such printing-blanks I in some cases use a pair of hand-
scissors when cutting small figures and when cutting very large figures or in
cutting a quantity of either small or large figures for use in printing a series of
alternate figures I can use any other suitable hand-tool other than scissors or I
can use press-tools or machine-tools in either case producing the new system of
printing-blanks ready to secure to the pad or pads.
I utilize the cut-out printing-blanks in the following manner.
For use over the varied convex and concave surfaces of pottery-ware glass-ware
and other articles I by preference secure my cut-out designs to a collapsible
pneumatic or other flexible pad which may be a short pad suitable for use by hand
or which may be a complete ring or wheel; the cut-out rubbers or other printing-
blank designs would be cemented, sewn or otherwise secured to the flexible pad
to follow over or around the pad in the desired order.

page_text: The hand-pads would be used over jugs, vases and other articles and sur-
faces of moderate dimensions, the figures on the pad being first brought in contact
with the required ink or colour so as to take up the colour that is to be trans-
ferred, and it will be readily understood that in pressing the collapsible pneumatic
or other flexible pad against the jug or other article to be printed on, the flexible
pad would pass over the convex surfaces and into the concavities and thereby
transfer the figures or ornamental patterns onto the jug or other article or surface
in an efficient and inexpensive manner.
The transverse section of the flexible pneumatic transfer-wheel can be of any
suitable shape either convex, concave, flat or of any moulding shape or other shape
and of any suitable width.
Small wheels from one inch in diameter can be mounted on a handle and used by
hand for transferring purposes; large wheels from 6 inches diameter to say six
feet in diameter and from one inch wide to several feet wide can be mounted on
suitable spindles or driving-shafts and be driven by means of pulleys or gear-
wheels or other suitable transmitting mechanism connected to any suitable motor
so that the wheel or roller can be used to print patterns on large surfaces of paper
fabric or material, or so as to be moved over ceilings, walls, cornices and other sur-
faces.
When my new system of printing-blanks are to be used for very small figures
say one inch square (more or less) such printing-blanks can be mounted on a
small piece of wood or other suitable material and used between the thumb and
finger in a very expeditious manner.
Dated this 28th day of June 1897
Improvements in and connected with the Ornamentation of Surfaces
by Transferring thereto all kinds of Designs.
I, BENJAMIN CRESWICK, Sculptor and Artist, of No. 26, Great Charles Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:.
-
This invention has for its object the expeditious and inexpensive ornamentation
of all kinds of surfaces with ornamental designs.
Hitherto designs of every kind have been represented by the lithographic pro-
cess and by the engraving process both for small surfaces such as sheets of com-
mercial paper also on long rolls of wall paper and tapestry, in a like manner what
is technically known as the transfer process has been in general use by means
of which figures are produced on tissue-paper in any desired colours or in gold-
leaf and the design transferred from the tissue paper to surfaces of articles to be
ornamented, in a like manner what is technically known as the photo-zincographic
process has also been used for reproducing designs; in contradistinction to each
of such old systems herein before described designs can be reproduced any required
number of times without the outlay required in repairing lithographic stones for
commercial sheets and without the outlay now required in preparing rollers with
engraved surfaces or zinco-graphic plates for use in the reproduction of designs,
and the new system is hereinafter fully described.

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the manner in which my invention is carried out.
C accompanying drawings
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a flexible pad with thin rubber printing
Hank in the form of a leaf spray cemented on ready for use.
Figure 2 represents a side elevation of a flexible roller with a thin rubber
printing blank secured ready for use.
Figure 3 represents a section through the pad Figure 1 on the line A, B.
Figure 4 represents an end view of Figure 2.
Figure 5 represents an outline pattern of the rubber leaf-spray used with
Figure 1.
In carrying out my invention I cut from a sheet of thin rubber or from any
other suitable fabric or material the outline of the figure or ornament required,
such as the spray of leaves shewn at Figure 5 and in the production of such print-
ing blanks I in some cases use a pair of hand scissors when cutting small figures
and when cutting very large figures or in cutting a quantity of either small or
large figures for use in printing a series of alternate designs I can use any other
suitable hand tool other than scissors, or I can use press tools or machine tools,
in either of such cases producing the new system of printing blanks ready to
secure to the pad or pads as shewn at Figures 1 and 3.
I utilize the cut out printing blanks in the following manner.
For use over the varied convex and concave surfaces of pottery-ware, glass-
ware and other articles I by preference secure my cut out design to a collapsible
pneumatic or other flexible pad which may be a short pad suitable for use by
hand as shewn at Figures 1 and 3 or which may be a complete ring, wheel, or
roller as shewn at Figures 2 and 4; the cut out rubbers or other printing blank
designs would be cemented, sewn or otherwise secured to the flexible pad to follow
over or around the pad in the desired order.
I have illustrated my invention in relation to a pad at Figures 1 and 3, such
flexible pad being formed from the several parts as hereinafter described, I pro-
vide a supporting plate a which may be formed from metal, wood or any other rigid
substance; through such supporting plate I secure an air valve and connecting
nozzle b, I next provide the flexible bag shewn in elevation at c Figure 1 and
in section at c Figure 3; the flexible upper part of bag is bent over on to the
upper face of supporting plate and is clipped and secured by means of the secur-
ing frame e, such securing frame e being pressed against the turned over flexible
end by means of the bolts and nuts f, an air tight joint being made along the
sides and ends of the bag when such bag is of the shape illustrated and the sup-
porting plate being in other cases- made of suitable horizontal shape to receive the
required configuration of bag, the bag being turned over as herein before described
in relation to the shape of bag shewn at Figures 1 and 3.
Having cut out from thin rubber or any other suitable fabric the ornamental
or other shape to be reproduced, such blank or blanks is or are cemented or other-
wise secured to the outer face of the flexible bag; the leaves of the spray shewn
at Figure 5 can be readily perceived on Figure 1 as secured to the flexible bag,
the stem g of the spray is shewn by the curved and waving line g¹ of Figure 1;
the outer face of the spray shewn at Figure 5 as represented on the section Figure 3
by the dotted line ha tang or projecting part is provided on the supporting
plate to receive any suitable handle k.
The bag of my improved flexible pad constructed in the manner herein before
described in relation to Figures 1 and 3 is filled with air, gas, water or other
fluid through the valve and nozzle b, the air or fluid being pumped in or other-
wise introduced until the desired internal pressure is obtained suitable to pro-
duce a pad of sufficient flexibility to adapt itself to flat, convex, and concave sur-
faces.
My improved pad as shewn at Figures 1 and 3 or of other desired configuration
would be used over jugs vases, and other articles and surfaces of moderate dimen-
sions, the figures on the pad being first brought in contact with the required ink

page_text: or colour so as to take up the colour that is to be transferred, and it will be readily
understood that in pressing the flexible pad against the jug or other article to
be printed on, the flexible pad would pass over the convex surfaces and into the
concavities and thereby transfer the figures or ornamental patterns on to the
jug or other article or surface in an efficient and inexpensive manner.
The transverse section of the flexible ring, wheel or roller can be of any suit-
able configuration, either convex, concave, flat or of any desired shape and of any
suitable width.
Small wheels from an inch diameter can be mounted within a frame m which
terminates with a handle n as shewn at Figures 2 and 4, and as one convenient
method of constructing a flexible roller I provide a spindle p carrying end
sheaves q; the spindle is bored at one end with a central air passager from which
an outlet is provided at s, the sheaves are by preference screwed on to the ends of
the spindle p; I next provide a flexible tube t and pass it over the two sheaves
and secure it to such sheaves g by means of string or other equivalent binding
material u,
or by an elastic ring; the flexible roller formed in the manner
herein before described is then placed between the sides of the frame m and
secured in position by means of the screw plugs w, one of the screw plugs wis
pierced with a passage r¹ and is screwed on its outer surface 2 for use in the
manner hereinafter described.
I mount on my flexible roller t the spray g or any other printing blank, the
printing blank being represented by the dotted line x.
To produce the required rigidity in the roller I connect the nozzle of an air
pump or the nozzle of a liquid supply to the screwed inlet end 12 and fill the roller
through the passage r, the introduced air, gas or fluid passing into the roller
through the inlet passages, the air or liquid being retained within the roller by
means of any suitable valve connected to the inlet end r¹ or to the outlet passages.
Large wheels can be mounted on suitable spindles or. driving shafts and be
driven by means of pulleys or gear wheels or other suitable transmitting
mechanism connected to any suitable motor so that the wheel or roller can be
used to print patterns on large surfaces of paper fabric or material.
When my new system of printing blanks is to be used for very small figures
say one inch square or thereabouts such small printing blanks can be mounted
on a small piece of wood or other suitable material and used between the thumb
and finger in a very expeditious manner.
The concave dotted line y Figure 2 represents the shape taken by the flexible
roller when used against a convex surface.
I do not confine myself to the one specific method of constructing a flexible
roller as shewn connected to the frame m at Figure 2 as I can construct my
flexible rollers in any suitable and convenient manner because my invention does
not consist in constructing a flexible roller but in the use of any kind of flexible
roller as a vehicle to carry my improved printing blanks for the new purpose
described in some cases I prefer to use non-flexible or solid pads and rollers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
1st The ornamentation of pottery and other surfaces by means of printing
blanks cut to the required configuration from sheets of rubber or from other
suitable material, the printing blank or blanks being mounted on a flexible pad
and used in the manner illustrated and described in relation to Figures 1 and 3.
2nd The ornamentation of pottery and other surfaces by means of printing
blanks cut to the required configuration from sheets of rubber or from other
suitable material, the printing blank or blanks being mounted on a flexible roller
and used in the manner illustrated and described in relation to Figures 2 and 4.
3rd A flexible pad carrying a printing blank or several printing blanks for

page_text: use in transferring ornamental and other designs to the flat, convex, and concave
surfaces of pottery and other articles and substance.
4th A flexible roller mounted within a frame such flexible roller carrying a
printing blank or several printing blanks for use in transferring ornamental and
other designs to the flat, convex, and concave surfaces of pottery and other articles
and substance.
Dated this 7th day of April 1898.
Witness:
BENJAMIN CRESWICK.
Alfred William Turner,
Consulting-Engineer and Enrolled International Patent-Agent,
Cobden Buildings, 67, Corporation Street, Birmingham.