Improvements in the Method of and Means for Carbonating Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 29th Dec., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Means for Carbonating Liquids.
I HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co. of
18 Buckingham Street, Strand W.C. London, Patent Agent do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by The Ferry
Manufacturing Company of 146 Centre Street, New York City, United States
o: America, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to the art of preparing carbonated beverages and has for
its object a thorough commingling of the carbonic acid gas and the liquid so that
the liquid shall be charged to its full capacity with the gas.
The invention will be fully disclosed in the following Specification and claims―
In the accompanying drawings which form part of this Specification:-
Figure 1 represents a vertical section of one form of the apparatus. Figure 2
a like view of a modification.
Figure 3 a transverse section of one of the diaphragms of Figure 1 on an enlarged
scale, and Figure 4 a top view of the same.
Reference being had to the drawings and the letters thereon, A indicates a
vessel for containing carbonated liquids and consists of a lower portion a and an
upper and contracted portion b.
B indicates a supply pipe which communicates with a suitable source of supply,
such as a pump (not shown) and through which the liquid is conducted into the
vessel A, and is provided with a controlling valve c. C indicates a discharge pipe
through which carbonated liquid is conducted from the vessel.
The vessel is provided with a sight gauge d to indicate the heighth of liquid and
with a pressure gauge e on the upper end to indicate the pressure of the gas in the
vessel, and on the upper head of the vessel is a pet cock 9 to discharge air which
separates from the liquid and accumulates in the upper portion of the part b of the
vessel.
The vessel A is provided with means for breaking the body or column of liquid
into small particles, as in drops or globules and then spreading the liquid into thin
sheets or films so that the greatest possible quantity of the liquid shall be exposed
to the carbonic acid gas and become thoroughly impregnated or charged with the
gas; to effect which result, the vessel as shown in Figure 1 is provided with a
series of horizontal diaphragms h extending from the upper end of the vessel down
into the enlarged portion a, the lower diaphragm being but a short distance above
the sight gauge d.
The diaphragms are provided with a series of passages (Fig. 3) in the form of
truncated cones into which the liquid enters in small particles or bodies as drops
and globules at the upper ends of the conical passages and then spreads into thin
sheets or films as it follows the walls of the passages and is exposed to the gas
under pressure in the vessel A and becomes charged with the gas to its full
capacity. After the liquid has passed through one diaphragm it trickles or falls in
numerous drops or in fine streams upon the next diaphragm below where it is again
separated in like manner and further exposed to the gas in the vessel.
In the operation of the device gas becomes separated from the liquid and fills the
vessel above the surface of the liquid with gas under pressure.
As the gas is absorbed by the liquid in its descent through the gas, the body of

page_text: gas rises in the vessel so that the gas is constantly changing and more or less of a
current of the gas is maintained in the vessel.
The diaphragms may be secured in the vessel in any approved form. As shown
the supply pipe passes through the centre of the diaphragms and extends up to
near the upper end of the vessel, where the liquid is discharged against an inverted
perforated cone k and spread into a sheet.
It is obvious that the liquid may be admitted to the vessel A through the upper
end or through the wall of the vessel and made to impinge against some spreading
device. In Fig. 2 the vessel A is shown provided with a series of foraminous
diaphragms provided with passages of uniform area, and under each diaphragm
is a separate truncated cone m in the contracted portion 6 of the vessel, by which
the liquid is acted upon in the same manner as by the construction shown in
Fig. 1.
These constructions are given as examples of practical means for producing the
effect of charging the liquid with gas, and numerous other constructions for the
purpose will be readily suggested to the skilled mechanic.
The liquid may be supplied with or without being previously charged with
carbonic acid gas, but it is best to first charge the liquid with gas and recharge it
with the gas as the liquid passes down from the upper end of the vessel through
the gas under pressure until it reaches the lower part a from which it is
discharged.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The method of carbonating liquids, which consists in charging the body or
column of liquid with carbonic acid gas, conducting the liquid into a vessel and
separating the liquid into thin sheets or films and recarbonating the liquid by
causing it to fall through a column of gas derived from the original carbonization.
2. The combination of a vessel, a series of separated and truncated spreading
devices, a liquid receptacle below said devices from which liberated gas rises and
through which gas the liquid passes in its descent, and supply and discharge
pipes.
3. The combination of a vessel, a supply pipe entering the vessel at its lower end,
a series of spreading devices surrounding the supply pipe, a liquid receptacle below
said devices and a discharge pipe.
4. The combination of a vessel provided with suitable supply and discharge
pipes, and diaphragms having truncated conical passages, the supply pipe dis-
charging at the upper end of the vessel and the discharge pipe communicating with
the lower part of the vessel.
Dated this 27th day of November 1894.
H. J. HADDAN.