VARIOUS SORTS OF MINERAL EARTH, CLAY, AND OTHER EARTHLY SUBSTANCES, WHICH BEING MIXT AND INCORPORATED TOGETHER MAKE UP A FINE BODY OF WHICH A CURIOUS WARE MAY BE MADE, WHOSE OUTSIDE WILL BE OF A TRUE CHOCOLATE COLOUR STRIPED WITH WHITE AND THE INSIDE WHITE, MUCH RESEMBLING THE BROWN CHINA WARE, AND GLAZED WITH SALT
Year: 1733

page_text: GEORGE THE SECOND, by the grace of God, and so forth, to all to
whom these Presents shall come greeting.
WHEREAS, RALPH SHAWE, of Burslam, in our County of Stafford, Earth
Potter, hath by his petition humbly represented unto us, that he hath for many
years been a maker and dealer in earthenware, and during the long course of
his trading hath with great pains and expences in making tryalls, found out
"VARIOUS SORTS OF MINERAL EARTH, CLAY, AND OTHER EARTHLY SUBSTANCES,
WHICH BEING MIXT AND INCORPORATED TOGETHER MAKE UP A FINE BODY OF WHICH
A CURIOUS WARE MAY BE MADE, WHOSE OUTSIDE WILL BE OF A TRUE CHOCOLATE
COLOUR STRIPED WITH WHITE, AND THE INSIDE WHITE, MUCH RESEMBLING THE
BROWN CHINA WARE, AND GLAZED WITH SALT;" that such a composition hath
never been found out or performed by any person, save the petitioner, who
is the original inventor thereof, as by his affidavit appeared; that the said
discovery will be a great improvement of the English earthen manufacture, and
by reason of the great quantities of salt that must be used therein, will be an
addition to the public revenue; wherefore, in regard to the great expence
and pains the petitioner hath been at to find out the said composition, he hath
most humbly prayed us, that wee would be graciously pleased to grant him
our Royal Letters Patent for the sole use and benefit of the said Invention,
for the term of fourteen years according to the Statute in that case made and
provided; wee being willing to give encouragement to all-arts and Inventions
that may be for the public use and benefit, are graciously pleased to gratify
bim in his request,

page_text: KNOW YEE, THEREFORE, that wee, of our especial grace, certain know-
ledge, and meer motion, have given and granted, and by these Presents, for us,
our heirs and successors, do give and grant unto the said Ralph Shawo, his
executors, administrators, and assigns, our especial licence, full power, sole
priviledge and authority, that he, the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, and every of them, by himself and themselves, or
by his and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as
he, the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall
at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times
hereafter during the term of years herein expressed, shall and lawfully
may make, use, exercise, and vend his said new invented composition of
various sorts of mineral earth, clay, and other earthly substances, which being
mixed and incorporated together make up a true body of which a curious
ware may be made, whose outside will be of a true chocolate colour, striped
with white, and the inside white, much resembling the brown china ware,
and glazed with salt as aforesaid, within that part of our Kingdom of
Great Britain called England, our Dominion of Wales and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said Ralph Shawe, his exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, shall in their discretions
seem meet; and that he, the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, shall and lawfully may have and enjoy the whole
benefit, profit, commodity, and advantage, from time to time coming, growing,
accrueing, and ariseing, by reason of the said Invention, for and during tho
term of years herein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said
licence, powers, priviledges, and advantages herein-before granted or mentioned
to be granted unto the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from
the date of these Presents next and immediately ensueing and fully to be
compleat and ended, according to the Statute in such case made and provided.
And to the end that the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, and every of them, may have and enjoy the full benefit and the sole
use and exercise of the said Invention, according to our gratious intention
Lerein-before declared, wee do by these Presents, for us, our heirs and
successors, require and strictly command all and every person and persons,
bodyes politick and corporate, and all other our subjects whatsoever, of what
estate, quality, degree, name, or condition soever they be, within that said part
of our Kingdom of Great Britain called England, our Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, aforesaid, that neither they or any of
them at any time during the continuance of the said term of fourteen years

page_text: hereby granted, either directly or indirectly do make, use, or put in practice
the said Invention, or any part of the same, so attained unto by the said
Ralph Shawe as aforesaid, nor in anywise counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the
same, nor shall make or cause to be made any addition thereunto or sub-
straction from the same, whereby to pretend himself or themselves the
inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors thereof, without the licence, consent,
or agreement of the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators, or.
assigns, in writing under his or their hands and seals first had and obtained
in that behalf, upon such pains and penalties as can or may be justly inflicted
on such offenders for their contempt of this our royal command; and further
to be answerable to the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, according to law, for his and their damages thereby occasioned; and,
moreover, wee do, by these Presents, for us, our heirs and successors, will and
command all and singular the justices of the peace, mayors, sheriffs, bayliffs,
constables, headboroughs, and all other officers and ministers whatsoever, of
us, our, heirs and successors, for the time being, that they or any of them do
not nor shall at any time hereafter during the said term hereby granted, in
anywise molest, trouble, or hinder the said Ralph Shawe, his executors,
administrators, or assigns, or any of them, or his or their deputies, servants, or
agents, in or about the due and lawful use or exercise of the aforesaid
Invention, or anything relating thereto; Provided always, and these our
Letters Patents are and shall be upon this condition,. that if at any time
during the said term hereby granted it shall be made appear to us,
our heirs or successors, or any six or more of our or their Privy Council,
that this our grant is contrary to law or prejudicial or inconvenient to
our subjects in general, or that the said Invention is not a new invention
as to the publick use and exercise thereof. in that said part of our Kingdom
of Great Britain called England, our Dominion of Wales, or Town of
Berwick upon Tweed aforesaid, or not invented and found out by the said
Ralph Shawe as aforesaid, then upon signification.or declaration thereof to be
made by us, our heirs or successors, under our or their signett or privy seal, or
by the Lords and others of our or their Privy Council, or any six or more of
them, under their hands, these our Letters Patents shall forthwith cease,
determine, and be utterly void to all intents and purposes, any thing herein-
before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding : Provided
also, that these our Letters Patents, or any thing herein contained, shall not
extend or be construed to extend to give priviledge unto the said Ralph Sbawe,
his executors, administrators, or assignes, or any of them, to use or imitate any
invention or work whatsoever which hath heretofore been found out or

page_text: invented by any other of our subjects whatsoever, and publickly used or
exercised in that said part of our Kingdom of Great Britain called England,
our Dominion of Wales or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed aforesaid, unto whom
like Letters Patents or priviledges have been already granted, for the sole use,
exercise, and benefit thereof, it being our will and pleasure that the said
Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators, and assigns, and all and every
other person and persons to whom like Letters Patents or priviledges have been
already granted as aforesaid, shall distinctly use and practice their several
Inventions by them invented and found out according to the true intent and
meaning of the same respective Letters Patent and of these Presents: Provided
likewise, nevertheless, and these our Letters Patent are upon this express
condition, that if the said Ralph Shawe, his executors or administrators, or
any person or persons which shall or may at any time or times hereafter during
the continuance of this grant have or claim any right, title, or interest in law
or equity, of, in, or to the power, priviledge, and authority of the sole use and
benefit of the said Invention hereby granted, shall make any transferr or
assignment, or any pretended transferr or assignment, of the said liberty and
priviledge, or any share or shares of the benefit or profit thereof, or shall
declare any trust thereof to or for any number of persons exceeding the
number of five, or shall open or cause to be opened any book or books for
publick subscriptions, to be made by any number of persons exceeding the
number of five, in order to the raising any sume or sumes of money under
pretence of carrying on the said liberty or priviledge hereby granted, or shall
by him or themselves, or his or their agents or servants, receive any sume or
sumes of money whatsoever of any number of persons exceeding in the whole
the number of five for such or the like intents or purposes, or shall presume
to act as a corporate body, or shall divide the benefit of these our
Letters Patent, or the liberty and priviledges hereby by us granted, into
any number of shares exceeding the number of five, or shall committ, or do,
or procure to be committed or done, any act, matter, or thing whatsoever,
during such time as such person or persons shall have any right or title either
in law or equity in or to the said premisses which would be contrary to the
true intent and meaning of a certain Act of Parliament made in the sixth
year of the reign of our late Royal Father King George the First, intituled
(An Act for the better securing certain Powers and Priviledges intended to be
granted by His Majestie by Two Charters for Assurance of Ships and Mer-
chandizes at Sea, and for lending Money upon Bottomry, and for restraining
several extravagant and unwarrantable Practices therein mentioned), if these
our Letters Patents had not been granted, or in case the said power

page_text: priviledge, or authority shall at any time hereafter become vested in or in trust
for more than the number of five persons or their representatives at any one
time (reckoning executors or administrators as and for the single person whom
they represent, as to such interest as they are or shall be intituled to in right
of such their testator or intestate); that then, and in any of the said cases,
these our Letters Patents, and all liberties, priviledges, and advantages what-
soever hereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void
anything herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwith-
standing. And, lastly, wee do by these Presents, for us, our heirs and
successors, grant unto the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators,
and assigns, that these our Letters Patents, or the inrollment or exemplification
thereof, shall be in and by all things good, firm, valid, sufficient, and effectual
in the law, according to the true intent and meaning thereof, and shall be
taken, construed, and adjudged in the most favourable and beneficial sence for
the best advantage of the said Ralph Shawe, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, as well in all our Courts of Record as elsewhere, and by all and
singular the officers and ministers whatsoever of us, our heirs and successors,
in that part of our said Kingdom of Great Britain called England, our
Dominion of Wales and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, aforesaid, and
amongst all and every the subjects of us, our heirs and successors, whatsoever
and wheresoever, notwithstanding the not full and certain describing the
nature or quality of the said Invention, or of the materialls thereto conducing
and belonging.
In witness, and so forth. Witness our self at Westminster, the Twenty-