Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Cotton Yarn.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 9th Dec., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Cotton Yarn.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Abel Thomas Atherton of 108 Clay Street
in the Town of Central Falls State of Rhode Island United States of America
Manufacturer) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery for making cotton yarn
and comprises a drawing mechanism consisting of successive pairs of drawing-
rollers arranged and operating to receive the sliver and to reduce it, without
twisting, to the attenuated form necessary for being spun directly into yarn,
condensers or trumpets for condensing or compacting the sliver during the process
of reduction, and ring-spindles or other known spinning devices for spinning the
said attenuated sliver directly into yarn, combined with a condenser or trumpet
interposed between the two pairs of drawing-rollers between which the sliver
receives its final draft, and acting upon the sliver while undergoing the final
draft, to compact and condense it before it enters the bite of the final pair of the
said drawing-rollers.
The second trumpet or condenser is effective for the purpose of compacting
and condensing the attenuated sliver at this point, but my foreign correspondent
has found that by reason of this very compactness which is imparted to it the
sliver filament is put into condition in which it will groove and score the final
pair of drawing-rollers to which it passes directly from the trumpet, thus seriously
impairing the drawing action of those rollers and preventing the drawing process
as a whole from being a success.
This defect can be cured and the drawing process made successful by imparting
to the condenser or trumpet which is placed between the two pairs of rollers by
which the final draft is effected, an automatic laterally reciprocating or traversing
motion lengthwise of the rollers. In this way all scoring of the front rollers is
prevented their surfaces are kept smooth and the drawing is successful.
It may also be found useful to impart this traversing motion to the other
trumpets placed between the successive pairs of drawing rollers which have the
same surface speed; but it is indispensable that the trumpet between the front
drawing-rollers and the less rapidly revolving pair of drawing-rollers immediately
in rear should have this automatic laterally traversing movement when the said
pairs of rollers are in operation.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the complete machine.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of one drawing frame or
stand and the drawing-rollers and trumpets carried thereon.
Figure 3 is a plan of a portion of the bottom drawing rollers and the trumpets.
The machine shown in the drawings is a double machine, being provided with
two complete sets of cans, drawing rollers trumpets ring-spindles and other
accessories.
The sliver to be drawn and spun in the machine, is contained in cans m
arranged in double tier, one above the other, and supported above the drawing-
rollers on a stand or support o the sliver being lifted out of the cans by rollers n
over which it passes in the usual manner. From the cans m the sliver (which is in

page_text: the condition usually presented after having gone through the drawing and
doubling operation) passes between successive pairs of drawing-rollers six pairs
being shewn in the drawings, the upper rollers being lettered a bed e and fand the
lower rollers (here shewn as fluted) a¹ b¹ c¹d¹ e¹ and f¹. In these rollers the sliver
is subjected to three successive drawings, the first being between the two pairs of
rollers a a and b 61, the second between the two pairs of rollers c c and d d', and
the third and last between the two pairs of rollers e e¹ and ff. The condensers or
trumpets ghi are placed between those rollers which revolve at practically the
same speed, and between which, consequently, there is no draft upon the sliver.
Erom the final pair of drawing rollers, ff, the attenuated sliver t is conducted
directly to the ring spindles k and is there spun directly into yarn.
With respect to the surface speed of the drawing rollers the following may be
given by way of example; in spinning No. 20 yarn from drawn and doubled sliver
weighing sixty grains to the yard, the surface-speed of the first pair of rollers a a¹
is two and twenty-two one-hundredths inches per minute; of the second pair b
seven and ninety two one-hundredths inches per minute; of the third pair, c c', the
same as that of the second pair, of the fourth pair, d d forty eight and thirty three
one hundredths inches per minute of the fifth pair, e e¹ the same as that of the
fourth pair of the sixth and last pair, ff three hundred and fourteen inches per
minute and at these revolutions of the rollers the spindles are run at from six
thousaud to seven thousand revolutions per minute.
But when
Interposed between the two pairs of drawing rollers e e¹ff which perform the
final drawing operation on the already attenuated sliver is the condenser or
trumpet, which, while the sliver is subjected to the final draft, gathers in and
compacts into the body of the sliver any outlying or projecting fibres and so
presents the sliver to the bite of the final pair of rollers in a compact and condensed
body, the result being that the sliver passes from between these rollers to the ring-
spindles in the extremely attenuated state necessary for being spun once for all
into yarn but at the same time in a compact and uniform condition.
in this condition (to which it necessarily must be brought in order to be properly
led to the spindles) the sliver filament in passing between the final rollers ff" scores
and grooves the said rollers, particularly the top one; and to the extent to which
this scoring and grooving takes places the final drawing action is impaired and the
sliver is uneven and the operation not a practical success. To remedy this the
trumpet is mounted upon a support which by a rod r2 is attached to and
caused to move with the traverse bar which slides backwards and forwards
horizontally and transversely of the drawing frame or stand in guides thereon,
being actuated by suitable means deriving their movement from some moving part
of the machine. The means employed in the machine shewn in the drawings
consist of a bracket arm rigidly fixed to the traverse bar and provided with a
roller stud which enters a cam groove in the cam R fastened on the shaft of
the back top roller a. In this way, so long as the machine is in operation the
trumpet has a slow continuous traversing motion imparted thereto whereby
the attenuated compact sliver passing from it is effectually prevented from scoring the
front rollers thus causing the final drawing action (which is the critical stage of the
process) to be efficiently and successfully performed and insuring the reducing of
the sliver to the condition in which it must be brought in order to be successfully
spun into yarn by the spindles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.―
Improvements in machinery of the kind specified for the manufacture of cotton
yarn consisting in the combination with the successive pairs of drawings rollers,
the condensers or trumpets placed between the pairs of rollens which have the same
surface-speed, and the ring spindles or other spinning devices for spinning directly
into yarn the attenuated sliver produced by the drawing operation of the condenser

page_text: or trumpet r interposed between the two pairs of drawing rollers between which
the sliver receives its final draft, and means whereby a continuous traversing move-
ment is imparted to said trumpet when the said rollers are in operation substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
Dated this 8th day of November 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields.