Improvements in Distributing Slide-valves for Motors or Apparatus Worked by the Pressure of Water, Steam, Air, Gas, or other Fluids.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 25th Jan., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Distributing Slide-valves for Motors or Apparatus
Worked by the Pressure of Water, Steam, Air, Gas, or other
Fluids.
A communication from abroad by PIERRE CAILLARD and VICTOR CAILLARD, both
of Havre (Seine Infèrieure), in the Republic of France, Mechanical Engineers.
I WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a distributing slide valve especially applicable to motors or
hydraulic apparatus working under pressure, but which may also be applied with
advantage to many kinds of apparatus set in motion by the action of steam, air gas,
or other fluids.
The object of the invention is to diminish the friction of the slide valve by enabling
the pressure which it will exert on the inner surface of the valve cover to be
determined beforehand, and to be reduced to the amount necessary for preventing the
escape of the liquid without necessitating the use of any especial compensation
device.
This invention consists essentially in making the distributing slide valves in the
form of a block with an opening in the centre, and sliding between two parallel
surfaces, in one of which is the induction port for the entrance of the fluid under
pressure, and in the other the exhaust ports in connection with the two extremities of
the cylinder, this block being formed of two cylindrical concentric sockets which can
slide freely one within the other, and the outer extremities of which terminate in rims
or flanges of rectangular form, against which acts the liquid under pressure, keeping
them in contact with the two opposite faces of the distributing box; and this, with a
force which depends on the dimensions of the said rims and which can be calculated
beforehand by measuring the pressure of the liquid in the apparatus.
The invention further includes various arrangements of the said slide valve for the
purpose of producing certain desired effects.
In the centre of one of the inner surfaces of the valve casing is formed an opening
of rectangular form so placed as to coincide with the induction port of the water
under pressure as above mentioned. In the opposite parallel surface are two ports
also rectangular in form and in connection with the cylinder or cylinders. In the side
of the box there is also a pipe for the escape of the exhaust liquid.
The slide valve is composed of two cylindrical concentric sockets on the outer
edges of which are rectangular projections or flanges resting against the inner
surfaces above mentioned respectively.
The inner socket is provided at the end on which is the projection with a central
rectangular opening of sufficient width to allow the interior of the slide valve to be in
constant communication with the induction port. Suitable guides prevent this socket
from turning round its axis during the movements of the slide valve. In the neck
of the outer socket is an opening the width of which is equal to the distance
between the exhaust ports. The width of the projecting pieces or flange is exactly
equal to that of the ports so that at the moment when one is completely closed by the
movement of the valve the other begins to open. This flange with or without
supplemental projections on the outside for increasing the contact pressure is, as in the
former case, held by guides which prevent the socket from turning on its axis.
These two sockets fit exactly one within the other. A piece of stamped leather or
its equivalent held in position by a screw ring, renders the joining water tight and

page_text: prevents all direct communication between the interior and exterior of the slide valve.
Finally a double action spring placed between these socket keeps the shoulders in
constant contact with their respective sliding surfaces. The slide valve is also guided
and worked by ordinary connecting rods passing through stuffing boxes and fitting
into the screw sockets of a ring, which surrounds the outer socket of the slide valve.
It can be understood that with an apparatus such as we have described it is easy to
regulate the surfaces of the shoulders and the thickness of the sockets, by calculating
the pressure to which these parts are subjected both on the interior and exterior of
the slide valve, so that the pressure per square centimètre exerted by the shoulders
on the respective inner surfaces of the valve box will be only just sufficient to preserve
the necessary tightness. The friction of the slide valve is thus reduced to a minimum.
If the direction of the circulation of the liquid is to be altered, it is only necessary
to change the respective positions of the spring and the piece of stamped leather
and to modify the surfaces of the shoulders to suit these new conditions.
Consequently, by putting a double lining of stamped leather and by calculating the
extent of the surfaces subjected to the pressure of the liquid, so that the pressure on
the slide surface will vary very slightly in whichever direction the liquid flows, the
machine to which this slide valve is applied may be made into a reversible machine by
simply using double water valves, so that communication can be established between
the exhaust and induction ports, and vice versa.
In any case, if desired, the relative positions of the two sockets of the slide valve
may be reversed.
If the slide valve is to govern a hydraulic lifting or traction apparatus including
the use of several cylinders as, for instance, four single action cylinders placed in
pairs opposite each other, as is frequently the case, it is preferable to use a single
distributing box with two slide valves each one supplying one pair of cylinders
opposite each other. This box is then mounted between two of the cylinders placed
at one end of the machine, and contains two similar slide valves sliding on the same
surfaces and actuated by eccentric shafts keyed at right angles on the actuating shaft.
The liquid under pressure enters the valve box through the feed tube which terminates
in a fork, each branch of which fork opens upon the central opening of one of the
slide valves and the exhaust water escapes through a common port.
It is to be understood that this invention is not restricted to the shape and special
application of the distributing slide valve above mentioned, but it may be applied
for any purpose for which its arrangement may make it suitable.
It is particularly suitable on account of the slight effort required for moving it in
the distributing case, for use in cases where it may be necessary to work it by hand
with the help of suitable levers in carrying out certain special operations.
Dated this 31st day of January 1889.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Per H. P. S.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Distributing Slide-valves for Motors or Apparatus
Worked by the Pressure of Water, Steam, Air, Gas, or other 4
Fluids
A communication from abroad by PIERRE CAILLARD and VICTOR CAILLARD, both of
Havre (Seine Inférieure), in the Republic of France, Mechanical Engineers.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster and 323, High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to a distributing slide valve especially applicable to motors

page_text: or hydraulic apparatus working under pressure, but which may also be applied with
advantage to many kinds of apparatus set in motion by the action of steam, air gas
or other fluids.
The object of the invention is to diminish the friction of the slide valve by enabling
the pressure which it will exert on the inner surface of the valve cover to be
determined beforehand, and to be reduced to the amount necessary for preventing the
escape of the liquid without necessitating the use of any especial compensation
device.
This invention consists essentially in making the distributing slide valve in the
form of a block with an opening in the centre, and sliding between two parallel
surfaces, in one of which is the induction port for the entrance of the fluid under
pressure, and in the other the exhaust ports in connection with the two extremities of
the cylinder, this block being formed of two cylindrical concentric sockets which can
slide freely one within the other and the outer extremities of which terminate in rims
or flanges of rectangular form, against which acts the liquid under pressure keeping
them in contact with the two opposite faces of the distributing box; and this, with a
force which depends on the dimensions of the said rims and which can be calculated
beforehand by measuring the pressure of the liquid in the apparatus.
The invention further includes various arrangements of the said slide valve for the
purpose of producing certain desired effects.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is a vertical section through a valve and its casing constructed in
accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 is a cross section.
Figures 3 and 4 are sectional plans of parts of the valve as hereinafter described.
Figure 5 is a sectional view showing an application of the valve as hereinafter
described.
A is the distributing box with two opposite parallel surfaces B B' between which
the slide valve moves.
In the centre of one of the inner surfaces B of the valve casing is formed an
opening a of rectangular forin so placed as to coincide with the induction port C of
the water under pressure as above mentioned. In the opposite parallel surface B¹
are two ports b and c also rectangular in form and in connection with the cylinder or
cylinders. In the side of the box A there is also a pipe D for the oscape of the
exhaust liquid.
The slide valve is composed of two cylindrical concentric sockets G and H on the
outer edges of which are rectangular projections or flanges g, h, resting against the
inner surfaces B B above mentioned respectively.
The inner socket G is provided at the end on which is the projection g with a
central rectangular opening of sufficient width to allow the interior of the slide valve
to be in constant communication with the induction port (). Suitable guides a d
prevent the socket G from turning round its axis during the movements of the slide
valve. In the neck h of the outer socket H is an opening the width of which is
equal to the distance between the exhaust ports bc. The width of the projecting
pieces or flange is exactly equal to that of the ports so that at the moment when one
is completely closed by the movement of the valve, the other begins to open. This
flange, with or without supplemental pieces e on the outside for increasing the
contact pressure, is as in the former case, held by guides d' d' which prevent the
socket H from turning on its axis.
These two sockets fit exactly one within the other. A piece of stamped leather,
or its equivalent held in position by a screw ring i renders the joining watertight and
prevents all direct communication between the interior and exterior of the slide valve.
Finally a double action spring ; placed between these sockets keeps the shoulders g
and in constant contact with their respective sliding surfaces B and B¹. The slide
valve is also guided and is worked by ordinary connecting rods K L passing through
stuffing boxes FF and fitting into the screw sockets J of a ring I, fig. 2, which
surrounds the outer socket H of the slide valve.

page_text: It can be understood that with an apparatus such as we have described it is easy to
regulate the surfaces of the shoulders and and the thickness of the sockets G
and H by calculating the pressure to which these parts are subjected, both on the
interior and exterior of the slide valve, so that the pressure per square centimètre
exerted by the said shoulders g, h, on the respective inner surfaces of the valve box will
be only just sufficient to preserve the necessary tightness. The friction of the slide
valve is thus reduced to a minimum.
If the direction of the circulation of the liquid is to be altered, for instance if it is
to be introduced through the pipe D and exhaust through the pipe C it is only
necessary to change the respective positions of the spring and the piece of stamped
leather and to modify the surfaces of the shoulders g and h to suit these new
conditions.
Consequently, by putting a double lining of stamped leather and by calculating the
extent of the surfaces subjected to the pressure of the fluid, so that the pressure on
the slide surface will vary very slightly in whichever direction the liquid flows, the
machine to which this slide valve is applied may be made into a reversible machine
by simply using double water valves, so that communication can be established
between the exhaust and induction ports, and vice versa.
In any case, if desired, the relative positions of the two sockets G, H, of the slide
valve may be reversed, that is to say the shoulder g of the inner socket G may be
brought to act on the exhaust ports b and c in the surface B' and the shoulder h of
the outer socket H may coincide with the opening in the surface B, if this arrangement
should be considered preferable.
If the slide valve is to govern a hydraulic lifting or traction apparatus including
the use of several cylinders as, for instance, four single action cylinders placed in
pairs, opposite each other, as is frequently the case, it is preferable to use a single
distributing box with two slide valves, each one supplying one pair of cylinders
opposite each other.
Referring to Figure 5 :-
The distributing box m is mounted between two of the cylinders n n¹ placed at
one end of the machine, and contains two similar slide valves pp' sliding on the same
surfaces and actuated by eccentric shafts keyed at right angles on the actuating shaft.
The liquid under pressure enters the valve box m through the feed tuber which
terminates in a forks, each branch of which fork opens upon the central openings of
one of the slide valves and the exhaust water escapes through a common port t.
Ports o o' place the box m in communication with the two cylinders at the opposite
end of the machine. As each of the above cylinders is single acting, the two ports q
governed by one of the slide valves p establish a communication between the cylinder n
placed near the distribution case and the exhaust port through the tube and also
between the opposite cylinder and the induction port (through the tubes vand o) while
at the same time the other slide valve p' acting upon its corresponding ports q' places
the cylinder n¹ near the distributing case in communication with the induction port
(through the tube v¹) and the opposite cylinder in communication with the exhaust
port (by means of the tubes vand o¹).
It is to be understood that this invention is not restricted to the shape and special
application of the distributing slide valve above mentioned, but it may be applied for
any purpose for which its arrangement may make it suitable.
It is particularly suitable on account of the slight effort required for moving it in
the distributing case, for use in cases where it may be necessary to work it by hand
with the help of suitable levers in carrying out certain special operations.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In apparatus worked by the action of a fluid under pressure; a reciprocating
slide valve composed of two hollow cylindrical concentric sockets such as G and H
sliding freely one in another and terminated at oue of their ends only by shoulders

page_text: or rectangular flanges such as 9 and sliding between guides on the opposing surfaces
of the slide valve casing, a tight packing ring, and a spring being interposed at the
extremities of these two sockets, substantially as described and showa.
2. The combination with a slide valve in two hollow concentric pieces as claimed
above, of a distributing box furnished with two parallel opposing sides, one of these
sides carrying the admission pipe placed in the axis of the said hollow slide valve,
and the other having discharge ports so arranged as to be alternately shut and opened
by the flanged extremities of one of the two parts of the said slide valve, substantially
as described.
3. The combination of a slide composed of two hollow concentric sockets, placed in
a distributing box, such as claimed above, and fitted with a tight washer such as,
with an arrangement of valves allowing the circulation of the motive fluid to be
reversed in the apparatus for the purpose of obtaining, by this single action, a
reversible motion, substantially as described.
4. In the distributing box of a hydraulic apparatus for lifting or traction, the use
of two or more slide valves such as are claimed above for the purpose of supplying
several groups of hydraulic single acting cylinders, substantially as described and
illustrated.
Dated this 90th day of October 1889
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.