IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIP AND MOULD CANDLES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
EBENEZER DOUDNEY and EDWARD PHILLIPS DOUDNEY, of Mill End, Portsea,
Candle Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain; bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventeenth day of February, in the sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Ebenezer Doudney and Edward Phillips Doudney, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said George
Ebenezer Doudney and Edward Phillips Doudney, our exors, admiors,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Ebenezer Doudney and
Edward Phillips Doudney, our exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DIP AND MOULD CANDLES;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said George
Ebenezer Doudney and Edward Phillips Doudney, or one of us, shall cause a
particular description. of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months text and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more.fully and at large appear.

page_text: :
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the sand proviso, we, the sand
George Ebenezer Doudney and Edward Phillips Doudney, do hereby declare
that the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the same is to
be performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):-
In the manufacture of mould candles, when using what are called hard
materials, platted wicks have long been employed, which have the advantage
of turning out of the flames when being burned, and are thus consumed
without requiring to be snuffed from time to time; but such platted wicks,
owing to their mode of manufacture, failed when they were attempted to be
applied in the manufacture of tallow candles, .and we have found that, in the
first place, they were too small for obtaining the quantity of light, and the
encreasing the size of the wicks by employing an additional quantity of the
same description of fine yarn does not obtain a beneficial result; and such
platte wicks, when of the ordinary size of those used with hard materials in
the manufacture of candles, or of an increased size (one hundred to one
hundred and twenty of such fine yarns in each wick), do not produce useful
candles when tallow is employed, owing to the platted wicks becoming loaded
and falling, and thus causing the candles to gutter or run away on one side:
And, by experiment, we have found that the description of yarn used in the
making of such platted wicks as bave usually been employed in the manufac-
tire of candles when hard materials have been used, will not, so far as we are
informed, without some change, answer a useful purpose when making tallow
candles, whether "dips" or "moulds."
Now our Invention relates to the making of platted wick of a coarser yarn
of cotton, and fewer yarns in each platted wick, than has heretofore been com-
bined with tallow in the manufacture of dip or mould candles, making up the
necessary substance of wicks for burning tallow by the encreased coarseness of
the yarns used, such coarse yarns having little twist thereon, but sufficient to
keep them in the form of yarn whilst being worked up into a plat, it being
desirable to retain the cotton soft in the platted wicks; and the cotton yarn
employed by us for such purposes is made from bleached cotton waste, and
commonly sold for mixing with other cotton for making common wicks for
dip candles, such cotton yarn being much lower in price than those heretofore
used in the manufacture of platted wicks for candles made of hard materials.
And our Invention consists in making dip and mould candles of tallow, having
combined therein platted wicks, each containing not more than forty yarns of
cotton, the required thickness or size requisite for obtaining the proper light
being obtained by employing encreased size or coarseness of yarn. And in

page_text: order that our Invention may be most fully understood, we will proceed to
explain the means pursued by us in carrying the same into practice.
The bleached cotton yarn which we employ is of such a degree of coarseness
that one pound (of sixteen ounces) weight measures about five thousand to
five thousand and fifty yards; at the same time we do not confine ourselves
thereto, so long as not more than forty yarns are used in making a single
platted wick. At the same time we would remark that if the yarn be materially
finer and harder spun, the suitableness of the platted wicks so made becomes
less and less in proportion to the increased fineness and the hardness of spin-
ning; and although we have found, so far as we can judge, the size of yarn
above given produces the best result in practice, yet the coarseness of the yarn
may be increased with a decreased number thereof used in each wick, unless
the degree of coarseness be only slightly increased; then, by using the same
number of yarns in a candle of a given weight, the candle will be consumed
Somewhat faster, giving an increased light. And in order that what we con-
sider proper-sized wicks for the different classes or sizes of candles made may
be fully known, we would state that, in making mould candles of tallow, we
use the following-sized wicks :-For what are called "short fours" we make the
platted wicks of three strands, each strand composed of thirteen yarns (thirty-
nine yarns in the wick); and for making what are called "long fours" and
"short sixes," we use three strands, each strand composed of eleven yarns such
as above described (thirty-three yarns in the wick); and when making what
are called "long sixes," and what are called "short eights," we use three
strands, each strand being composed of eight yarns such as above described
(twenty-four yarns in each wick); and for what are called "long eights" and
"long tens" we use three strands, each of six yarns, of the size above men-
tioned (eighteen yarns in each wick); and, if a greater degree of light be
required from any of these sizes of candles, then we either increase the number
of yarns of the size above mentioned, or we use coarser yarns; and we at all
times use coarser yarn when the size of wick desired would require more than
forty yarns. In making dip candles the same sized wicks will be used for the
same sizes of candles. And in making the wicks of such yarns we cause the
strands to be platted tightly and not loosely together, and the wicks so made
are then to be used in the manufacture of candles as ordinary wicks. When
making mould candles, and when making dip candles, we fasten or apply a
thread loop to each wick.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we would have it understood that what we claim
is, the mode of manufacturing dip candles and mould candles by combining

page_text: herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Ebenezer Doudney, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-three.