IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETRIC APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Gauntlett, of the South Bank Iron
Works, Eston Junction, near Middlesbro' on Tees, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETRIC APPARATUS."
Sealed the 3rd October 1856, and dated the 7th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Gauntlett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th April 1856.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GAUNTLETT, of the South Bank Iron Works, Eston
Junction, near Middlesbro' on Tees, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETRIC APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in thermometric apparatus.
For this purpose two tubes or rods of different metals are combined or fixed
together at one end; the other end of each tube or rod is free or unattached,
but they are connected and communicate with each other by means of
suitable gearing in the following or other convenient manner:-To the free
end of one tube or bar is fixed a. dial. or graduated plate, having thereon an
axis, on which is placed a pointing hand and a pinion. The free end of the
other tube or bar is made with or has fixed thereon a toothed rack,, which
takes into the teeth of the pinion. Hence, when the temperature varies, the
two tubes or bars will vary in their expansion or contraction, and the pointing

page_text: hand will indicate on the dial the temperature for the tine being to which
the thermometric apparatus is subjected. Or in place of the pointing
hand being actuated by the toothed rack and pinion, other suitable gearing
may be used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Gauntlett in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 7th October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY GAUNTLETT, of the South Bank Iron Works, Eston Junction, near
Middlesbro' on Tees, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors,give and grant unto me, the said William
Henry Gauntlett, Her special licence, that I, the said William Henry
Gauntlett, my executors, administrators, and assigns,or such others as I, the
said William Henry Gauntlett, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Mau, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THERMOMETRIC APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Henry Gauntlett, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I,. the said William Henry Gauntlett, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in thermometric apparatus.
For this purpose two tubes or rods of different metals are combined or fixed
together at one end; the other end of each tube or rod is free or unattached,
but they are connected and communicate with each other by means of

page_text: suitable gearing in the following or other convenient mauner:-To the free
end of one tube or bar is fixed a dial or graduated plate, having thereon an
axis, on which is placed a pointing hand and a pinion. The free end of the
other tube or bar is made with or has fixed thereon a toothed rack, which
takes into the teeth of the pinion. Hence, when the temperature varies,
the two tubes or bars will vary in their expansion or contraction, and the
pointing hand will indicate on the dial the temperature for the time being to
which the thermometric apparatus is subjected. Or in place of the pointing
hand being actuated by the toothed rack and pinion, other suitable gearing
may be used.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a back view of the case, showing the internal parts of the
instrument; Figure 2 is a section through the line a, b, of Figure 1; Figure 3
is a front view of the guage, shewing the dial plate; and Figure 4 is a view,
showing the application of the guage to indicate the temperature of the hot
blast from the heating stove of an iron smelting furnace; it is also applicable
to numerous other purposes. In each of these Figures the same letters are
used to indicate the same parts. c is the case containing the dial plate and
gearing; d is an internal flange for fixing dial plate to; e is the dial plate;
fis a pinion; g is the pointer indicating degree of heat; h is a spindle
carrying the pinion f and the pointer g; i is a quadrant rack working into
the pinion f; is a spindle carrying the quadrant rack i; l is a metal tube
screwed into the case c; m is another tube of different metal from 1, attached
to the tube at the point n; o is a small pin, one end of which bears against
the top of the tube m, and the other against the quadrant rack i,giving motion
to the pointer g; p is a spring pressing the quadrant rack against the pin o;
y is a small coiled spring, preventing play between teeth of the pinion and the
quadrant rack; is a bracket carrying the two spindles h and k; s is a glass
disc to protect the face of the dial plate; t is a collar fastened to tube l, for
suspending the instrument (as in Figure 4).
The advantage in this heat guage consists in its capability of indicating.
degrees of heat beyond the limits of the ordinary mercurial thermometer,
the extent of its range being limited only by the fusing point of the metals
of which it is composed. Its advantage also consists in the heat acting
directly upon the sensitive part of the instrument, no intervening substance,
such as glass, being made use of as in the case of the ordinary mercurial

page_text: thermometer, by which that instrument is rendered unfit to be applied to
high temperatures, in consequence of the danger of its being destroyed by
reason of the glass tube flying to pieces. Its capability of accurately
measuring high degrees of heat, and the form of its construction, render
this heat guage peculiarly adapted for use in the heating stoves of blast
furnaces, and other stoves and ovens wherein a high temperature is produced.
It is equally efficient for lower temperatures, and for indicating the heat of the
atmosphere and 'liquids.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details; but what I
claim is, the combination of two rods or tubes of different metals attached to
each other at one end and connected by toothed gearing at the other, as herein
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Gauntlett, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of' October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM HENRY GAUNTLETT. (L.S.)
WILLIAM J. LEDWARD, Agent,
Redcar.