IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AND RENDERING HARMLESS ARSENIOUS, CHLOROUS, SULPHUROUS, AND OTHER UNPLEASANT AND DELETERIOUS GASES OR VAPOURS THAT ARE GIVEN OFF IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND AND OTHER CEMENTS AND LIMES, AS WELL AS IN THE TREATMENT OF MINERAL AND METALLIC ORES."
Year: 1873

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Sampson Taylor Rowe, of Redruth, in the County
of Cornwall, Analytical Chemist, and Isaac Charles Jolinson, of
London, and Newcastle-on-Tyne, Coment Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AND
RENDERING HARMLESS ARSENIOUS, CHLOROUS, SULPHUROUS, AND OTHER
UNPLEASANT AND DELETERIOUS GASES OR VAPOURS THAT ARE GIVEN OFF IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND AND OTHER CEMENTS AND LIMES, AS WELL AS IN
THE TREATMENT OF MINERAL AND METALLIC ORES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sampson Taylor
Rowe and Isaac Charles Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st August 1873.
We, SAMPSON TAYLOR ROWE, of Redruth, in the County of Cornwall,
Analytical Chemist, and ISAAC CHARLES JOHNSON, of London, and
Newcastle-on-Tyne, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CON-
DENSING AND RENDERING HARMLESS ARSENIOUS, CHLOROUS, SULPHUROUS, AND
OTHER UNPLEASANT AND DELETERIOUS GASES OR VAPOURS THAT ARE GIVEN OFF IN

page_text: The ManufactuRE OF PORTLAND AND OTHER CEMENTS AND LIMES, AS WELL AS IN
The Treatment of Mineral and METALLIC ORES," to be as follows :—
In the manufacture of Portland cement the usual method is to reduce
chalk and clay by admixture with water to a minute state of division, in
order that the mechanical combination of the particles shall render the t
dried mass suitable for the chemical union of its elements under the
influence of great heat in the calcining kilns.
Various methods are employed for drying the above-named mixtures,
most of which are open to the objection that the drying is effected on
exposed flats, from which the steam and effluvium escape into the 1
atmosphere immediately, and become objectionable to the residents in the
neighbourhood of such appliances.
In May 1872 Letters Patent were obtained by the above-namicd I. C.
Johnson for a method of drying the mixture in closed horizontal
chambers or tunnels by the waste heat from the kilns. By this 1
arrangement the products of combustion in the kilns instead of being
allowed to pass immediately into the air have to travel over the surface
of the moist materials in the tunnels, and are to some extent absorbed
thereby. The products of combustion however, such as carbonic acid,
carbonic oxide, sulphurous acid, and some chlorine being altogether a
considerable in quantity do pass into the atmosphere, and being
attenuated by the heat which gives rise to them are carried to a con-
siderable distance before they become diffused or find their way to the
ground.
t
In order to prevent the escape of these vapours we use a condensing
tower having an upcast and a downcast shaft arranged as a separate
chamber between the upcast and the chimney, as shown in the accom-
panying Drawing..
Figure 1 is a ground plan; Figure 2 is a vertical section on the
line A, B, Figure 1.
a is the flue proceeding from the furnace or kiln; b is the upcast
shaft; c is a cistern containing water, having a valve to open, and
supply the perforated shelf or cullender D under the cistern; E is the
downcast shaft, having a series of drip racks f, f, f; at convenient
distances apart to create a splashing effect; G is a well or tank at the
bottom, trapped at X in such a manner that nothing can escape-

page_text: otherwise than up the chimney H, excepting the water which is
conveyed through the drain I into a pit or sewer. Now the effect of
this arrangement is that the steam and soluble vapours after ascending
the upcast shaft are met by a descending shower in the downcast, are
condensed and carried rapidly into the well, thence to the main drain.
A considerable portion of the carbonic acid is also dissolved, and the
remaining portion in consequence of its gravity being increased by
reduction of temperature is unable to rise, but is carried away to a great
extent by the rush of water into the drain. Thus, the surrounding
atmosphere of a cement manufactory or of a mine where ores are treated
can be preserved uncontaminated by sulphurous and other vapours.
Under some circumstances a little help may be required to produce a
draught in the chimney, but in practice it is found that by a proper
regulation of the water supply the difference of temperature between the
interior of the chimney and of the surrounding air is sufficient to produce
the necessary upward draught.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Sampson Taylor Rowe and Isaac Charles Johnson
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMPSON
TAYLOR ROWE, of Redruth, in the County of Cornwall, Analytical
Chemist, and ISAAC CHARLES JOHNSON, of London and Newcastle-on-
Tyne, Cement Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Sampson Taylor Rowe
and Isaac Charles Johnson, Her special licence that we, the said
Sampson Taylor Rowe and Isaac Charles Johnson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Sampson
Taylor Rowe and Isaac Charles Johnson, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
อ

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND
APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AND RENDERING HARMLESS ARSENIOUS, CHLOROUS,
SULPHUROUS, AND OTHER UNPLEASANT AND DELETERIOUS GASES OR VAPOURS THAT
ARE GIVEN OFF IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND AND OTHER CEMENTS AND LIMES,
AS WELL AS IN THE TREATMENT OF MINERAL AND METALLIC ORES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Sampson Taylor Rowe and
Isaac Charles Johnson, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
a
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Sampson Taylor Rowe and
Isaac Charles Johnson, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is
to say:
In the manufacture of Portland cement the usual method is to reduce
chalk and clay by admixture with water to a minute state of division, in
order that the mechanical combination of the particles shall render the
dried mass suitable for the chemical union of its elements under the
influence of great heat in the calcining kilns.
Various methods are employed for drying the above-named mixtures,
'both of which are open to the objection that the drying is effected on
exposed flats, from which the steam and effluvium escape into the
atmosphere immediately, and become objectionable to the residents in
the neighbourhood of such appliances.
In May 1872 Letters Patent were obtained by the above-named I. C.
Johnson for a method of drying the mixture in closed horizontal
chambers or tunnels by the waste heat from the kilns. By this
arrangement the products of combustion in the kilns instead of being
allowed to pass immediately into the air have to travel over the surface
of the moist materials in the tunnels, and are to some extent absorbed

page_text: thereby. The products of combustion however, such as carbonic acid,
carbonic oxide, sulphurous acid, and some chlorine, being altogether
considerable in quantity do pass into the atmosphere, and being
attenuated by the heat which gives rise to them, are carried to a
considerable.distance before they become diffused or find their way to the
ground.
In order to prevent the escape of these vapours we use a condensing
tower having an upcast and a downcast shaft arranged as a separate
chamber between the upcast and the chimney, as shown in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Figure 1 is a ground plan, and Figure 2 is a vertical section on the
linc A, B, of Figure 1.
a is the flue proceeding from the furnace or kiln; b is the upcast
shaft; C is a cistern containing water, having a valve to open and
supply the perforated shelf or cullender D under the cistern; E is the
downcast shaft, having a series of drip racks f. f. f, at. convenient
distaces apart to create a splashing effect; G is a well or tank at the
bottom, trapped at X in such a manner that nothing can escape
otherwise than up the chimney H, excepting the water which is
conveyed through the drain I into a pit or sewer. Now the effect of
this arrangement is that the steam and soluble vapours after ascending
the upcast shaft are met by a descending shower in the downcast, are
condensed and carried rapidly into the well, thence to the main drain.
A considerable portion of the carbonic acid is also dissolved, and the
remaining portion in consequence of its gravity being increased by
reduction of temperature is unable to rise, but is carried away to a great
extent by the rush of water into the drain. Thus, the surrounding
atmosphere of a cement manufactory or of a mine where ores are treated
can be preserved uncontaminated by sulphurous and other vapours.
Under some circumstances a little help may be required to produce a
draught in the chimney, but in practice it is found that by a proper
regulation of the water supply the difference of temperature between the
interior of the chimney and of the surrounding air is sufficient to produce
the necessary upward draught.

page_text: cement works or kilns, whereby they are condensed, and the escaping
gases and vapours rendered harmless, as set forth.
Secondly. The apparatus, substantially as described and shown,
'consisting of a condensing chamber or tower having an upcast and a
'downcast shaft, with or without horizontal or inclined drip racks, the
whole appliance being self-acting after water is supplied to the cistern,
'and requiring no mechanical contrivance, or motive power, or manual
Inbour to keep it at work, as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Charles Johnson, for myself
and on behalf of the said Sampson Taylor Rowe, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of February, One
thousand cight hundred and seventy-four.