IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lorenzo Tindall, of Scarborough, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lorenzo Tindall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1854.
I, LORENZO TINDALL, of Scarborough, in the County of York, Ironmonger,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to rotatory churns of the ordinary "barrel" kind, but
instead of revolving upon end spindles coincident with the axial or centre
line of the barrel or cream receiver, the latter is set diagonally as regards its
spindles, so that the axis of revolution makes an angle with that of the barrel.
In other respects the churn is constructed as at present, but the churning
action is essentially different to that of the simply rotating churn, inasmuch as
the cream under treatment partakes of a species of duplex or differential
movement, which materially accelerates the formation of butter.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Lorenzo Tindall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st September 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LORENZO
TINDALL, of Scarborough, in the County of York, Ironmonger, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Lorenzo Tindall, Her special license that I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Lorenzo
Tindall, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to rotatory churns of the ordinary "barrel " kind,
and consists in setting the barrel or cream receiver diagonally as regards its
spindles, so that the axis of revolution makes an angle with that of the barrel
instead of being coincident with it, as in the ordinary arrangement. In other
respects the churn is constructed as at present, but the churning action is
essentially different to that of the simply rotatory churn, inasmuch as the
cream under treatment partakes of a species of duplex or differential movement,
which materially accelerates the formation of the butter. And in order that
my said Invention may be properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe
the explanatory Figure on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto attached, and
representing a perspective elevation of my improved churn. The churning vessel
or cream receiver is in the form of a barrel A, and is constructed in the usual
way. This barrel is mounted on spindles B, which are attached to its opposite
ends at points near the sides of the barrel C, but on opposite sides of the axial
line of the barrel. The spindles are fixed on the barrel ends in inclined posi-
tions so as to lie in the same straight line which forms the axis of revolution of
the barrel, and which crosses the actual axis of the barrel at or near the centre

page_text: of its length. The churn is supported upon a suitable stand D, the spindles B
revolving in bearings E carried by the stand. On one of the spindles is fixed
a winch handle for turning it by F, whilst the other one carries a fly wheel G,
which serves to equalize the motion. This peculiar disposition of the churn
causes a reciprocating motion to be given to the cream in combination with
the ordinary rotatory motion, for as the opposite ends of the churn are alter-
nately brought to the lowest position, the weight of the cream causes it to
rush from end to end of the churn, in obedience to the law which causes it to
run to the lowest side of the vessel which contains it. This differential or
combined rotatory and reciprocating action of the churn is very effective in the
production of butter, and entirely obviates the tendency of the cream to assume
a state of torpor or sleep, as produced in ordinary churns, by the steady
rotating motion which carries the cream round in a mass without producing the
requisite commotion amongst its component particles.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,
The system or mode of mounting barrel churns for the production of butter
upon obliquely disposed spindles, and of causing the churn to revolve upon an
axis which makes an angle with the axis of the barrel, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lorenzo Tindall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 31st day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
LORENZO TINDALL.
(L.S.)