IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE-SHOE NAILS, AND IN THE MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE, APPLICABLE ALSO то OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan Brown, of 38, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE-SHOE NAILS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
FOR THAT PURPOSE, APPLICABLE ALSO то OTHER ARTICLES."-A com-
munication from abroad by Thomas House Fuller, of Boston,
Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Sealed the 6th August 1872, and dated the 30th March 1872.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Morgan Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 30th March 1872, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.

page_text: PURPOSE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER ARTICLES," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn
Declaration that the same has been communicated to me from abroad by
Thomas House Fuller, of Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, United
States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan Brown, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand
and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
This Invention has particular reference to the manufacture of that
class of horse-shoe nails in which blanks are first punched from a rolled
plate, which plate has such shape that the heads of the blanks are
formed by the punching, the shank of each punched blank being drawn
to form the shank of the finished nail.
The Invention relates, first, to the method of punching the blanks;
next, to the method of feeding the blanks from a loose assemblage to the
machine, in which the shanks are drawn and trimmed; and lastly, to
the method of drawing and pointing and trimming the shanks.
The first part of the Invention will be described with special reference
to its adaptation to punching blanks from which horse-shoe nails are to
be produced from long strips of suitable metal in such manner that
substanially the only waste of material is made at the edges of the
strip, but it will be understood that said Invention is equally applicable
to the production by punching of other articles besides nails or nail
blanks when such articles are so shaped that the sides of the adjacent
articles coincide in the material from which they are punched.
,
The Invention embraces a process which consists in the relation of
the movement of the material to be punched with reference to the
location of the punches, and the mechanism employed in the process.
..t
On Sheet 1 is exhibited in, side and rear and front elevations a
punching machine in common use, so far as the parts are concerned, by
which the punches are moved towards and from the dies or bed, but
showing added thereunto mechanism by which the metal is presented to
the action of the punches in accordance with this Invention.

page_text: Figure 1 is said side elevation; Figure 2 is the rear elevation; and
Figure 3 is the front elevation; while Figure 4 is a partial plan showing
the die or bed and the moving clamp carriage for holding the metal.
'
On the main shaft of the machine by which the punch plunger is
worked is a cam a, which in connection with spring 6 reciprocates slide
c as the shaft is rotated, the slide having at its end a pivot jointed
spring pawl d, which gives intermittent rotary motion to the ratchet e
fitted on stud f secured to the frame of the machine. The ratchet e has
fixed to it and intermittently rotates the cam g, the operative edges of
which act against a roll or pin fixed to the connecting rod h, one end of
which is jointed to the slide i, the other end of the rod being slotted
and guided on the projecting end of stud f. The spring operates to
keep the roll or pin in the connecting rod h always against the operative
edge faces of cam g. Ways k are attached to the frame of the machine
suited to guide the slide i, and the upper part of the slide is provided
with a cam which can be turned to force a plate down upon the iron
introduced into the machine to be cut up by the punches. The slide i,
has a latch pivoted to it, which slide catches over the end of ways k,
and holds the slide at the position given by the extreme action of cam g,
until such time as the operator raises the catch spring draws the
slide back to its opposite extreme position. The teeth of the ratchet e are
equally spaced at first, and then the tooth on which the pawl operates to
give that motion to the cam, by which the last advance movement of the
carriage i is made, is slightly shortened and of course the next tooth to
be acted upon by the pawl becomes longer, so that the pawl having
equal motions at each rotation of the shaft, and when acting on the
short tooth having some lost motion, will fail on the next rotation to
catch upon the point of the long tooth, the carriage i being held from
retraction by the latch 1. The face m of cam g is so shaped that the
roll or pin in connecting rod h acts when retracted by spring j to turn
the cam and consequently the ratchet to such an extent as to cause
the pawl to take on the end of the long tooth, and then the feeding
movements of carriage i proceed automatically. But while the carriage
i remains latched forward the pawl moves over the back of the long
tooth in the ratchet without giving motion to the cam.
At the inner edge of the slide is a groove to receive one of the cross
ribs made on the metal to provide for the nail heads, said groove thus
serving as a guide in severing the metal properly in place for presenta-

page_text: เ
tion to the punches. The two punches are placed with their longitudinal
centres parallel to each other, with the head and point forming parts
oppositely arranged, the longitudinal centres being apart a distance
equal to twice and one half the width of the nail heads, the dies corre-
'sponding to the location of the punches. The iron is so introduced that
the punch working with the die hole y in its first descent cuts one nail
or blank with its longitudinal centre upon the strip a distance equal to
half the width of the nail or blank head, the punch operative with the
die hole z not acting on the metal. When the punches rise the cam g
moves the slide and the strip clamped therein a distance equal to the
distance apart of the centres of two blanks having adjacent heads, and
then the second complete nail or blank is punched out by die y in the
'descent of the punch plunger, and the punch operative with die z
removes from the edge of the strip a half blank or waste piece. When
'the punches rise the slide moves back the distance apart of the centres
of adjacent nail or blank heads, and the punch over die y forms blank
or nail 3, and then the operation continues across the width of the
strip by forward movements of the metal equal to the distances
apart of the centres of three adjacent nail heads alternated with
backward movements equal to the distance apart of adjacent nail
'heads.
By reference to Diagram, Figure 5, this described process or order of
operation is illustrated. The numbers 1, 2, 3, &c. represent the nails or
blanks cut out at the leading die y, and the numbers 2¹, 3¹, 4¹,
&c.
. represent those cut at the following die z. In the described process 1 is
first punched, then the strip is fed forward two spaces, or a distance
equal to the width of two nail heads, and 2 and the half blank 2¹ are
punched, then the strip is back fed one space and 3 is punched, then the
strip is fed three spaces and 4 and 4' are punched; 5 and 5¹ are punched
after the next back feed of one space, and 6 and 6¹ after a forward feed
of three spaces, and so on across the strip until the punch working in the
following die z finishes by removal of a waste piece in the form of a
half nail or blank, and during the time while the punch is working in
. the following die z punching the last three pieces, which it severs from
the strip, the punch working in the leading die y moves through space
not occupied by the metal strip, and consequently does not produce nails
or blanks.

page_text: of nails or blanks denoted by 1, 3, 2, 5, &c. from the point of each of
said nails or blanks along the entire length of the shank on both sides,
and cuts the top end of each head and sometimes both sides of the head
while the following punch cuts only the top end of each nail or blank of
the series denoted by 2¹, 5, 4, 71, &c., and sometimes the two parallel
sides of the head, so that the severing of the heads of all the nails or .
blanks along the line of the top ends of the heads is performed by the
following punch.
While the following punch does all of the severing of the blanks.
from the strip of iron at the top ends of the blanks (except when
punching the first series of blanks from a new strip of iron not squared
on the end, in which case the leading punch severs from the strip the
heads of the first entire series 1, 3, 2, 5, &c.), the leading punch in its
operation along the line of junction of adjacent heads of two sets or ▸
series removes from the metal chips which are in section isosceles
triangles.
It will be seen that the following punch and its die z are not brought
to the shape of the shank of the nail or blank to be produced for the
reasons, first, that the shanks of the nails or blanks are not cut by said "
punch and die; and second, to give room for a slight side swerving or
springing of the material.
In illustration of the second reason, suppose blanks 1, 2, and 3 to have
been punched by the leading punch and the half blank 2¹ by the follow-
ing punch, it will be seen that in the punching operation the shanks left
to form blanks 4¹ and 5¹ may have been swerved slightly sidewise, and if
the shank parts of the following punch and die should be made of the
exact width of the shanks that are so swerved the following punch.
would shave one side of the severed shank. But as the shank parts of:
the following die are made wider from the point towards the head than the
shank of the swerved blank provision is made to avoid such secondary"
and harmful cutting of the metal.
:
For reasons well known to every practical shoer of animals it is
desirable to have most prominent that portion of the head which is in
line with the nail point. As in many horse-shoe nails a point or end edge
is now made at one side or surface of such nail shanks, it is desirable,
to have the corner formed by said side or surface of each nail and the ;
top of the head the most prominent part of the head so as to receive and;
:

page_text: transmit hammer blows directly in line with the nail point. I produce
this desired formation of the nail head by giving to the punches a pe-
culiar form or arrangement, which consists in so making each punch
that it will strike upon that part of the metal which is to form the nail
point in advance, and will bend or deflect the metal of the nail or nail
blank before the cut takes place that makes the top surface of the nail
head.
On Sheet 2 will be seen besides the Diagram, Figure 5, already alluded
to, Figure 6, which is a side or edge view of the ribbed strip or bar of
metal from which nails or nail blanks are punched, and it should be
observed that by preference such bars or strips of metal are placed
for the punching operation with the ribbed surface in contact with
the die bed, the punches coming into contact with the plain surface
of the strips.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, are respectively a plan, an end view, and a side 1
view of the die bed, the die hole seen in the plan being that with
which works a punch of corresponding form, and which I have herein
termed the following die and punch; and the die hole y being that with
which works the leading punch of form corresponding to said die hole.
Figure 10 shows the leading punch in side elevation and in plan; 2
and Figure 11 shows similar views of the following punch.
In Figures 10 and 11 it will be seen that what may be termed the
points of the punches are advanced beyond the heads so as to operato
sooner on the metal forming the points of the nails than they do on the
metal forming the heads. By this construction and arrangement of the
parts two objects are attained, first, the labor or strain of the cutting
operation is not performed all at the same instant, but begins at the
point and follows towards and terminates at the head, thus easing
the severity of the stress on the punches and dies; second, the bending
of the nail metal at the point causes the dies and punches to cut the 3
nail head tops at an angle less than a right angle with the surface
against which the punches come in contact, thus giving prominence
to the nail heads in line with their points.
Diagram, Figure 12, illustrates this arrangement and method of
operation of the punches, the amount of bevel or angle given to
the operative faces of the punches being exaggerated beyond the
amount given in practice in order to show the operation clearly.

page_text: Along the line where the heads of the nails or blanks are severed
will be formed a waste piece triangular in cross section, and of length
equal to the width of the strip upon which the punching is performed.
In Figure 6 the dotted lines there shown indicate the triangular
waste pieces made across the metal bar consequent upon the described
bevelling of the operative faces of the punches.
It will now be obvious that the leading feature of this part of the
Invention is an improvement in the art of punching, which consists
in giving to the material to be punched certain specific advance and
retrograde movements in connection with leading and following punches
and dies set at certain distances from each other, which movements
may be produced by various mechanical devices. Of such devices the
Drawing represents the best, simplest, and most effective known, and in
said devices and their combinations other parts of this Invention consist,
though the said improvement in the art may be carried into effect by
different means for producing the forward and retrograde movement of
the material to be punched, with reference to the punches and dies
located as set forth.
And still another feature in this part of the Invention consists in an
improvement in the art of punching, by means of which the head end
of each nail or nail blank is cut at an angle less than a right angle with
the straight surface thereof. This feature of the Invention may be more
specifically stated as consisting in the combination with die holes of
two punches made with operative faces bevilled or inclined as described,
so that the advanced points of the dies will bend the punchings and
will causes the punches and dies to cut the heads of the nails or nail
blanks at angles of less than 90° with the surfaces against which the
punches operatė.
It has been specified that the distances of the centres of the punches
and dies apart must be equal to the distance of twice and one half the
distance apart of adjacent nail heads, this distance however may be
increased by the addition thereunto of one or more units, considering
the width of a nail head as a unit, but the distance cannot be decreased
nor can the system described of forward and retrograde feeding of the
material to be punched be changed.
The objection to placing the punches further apart than the width
of two and one half nail heads, is that in beginning and ending the

page_text: punching on the edges of the strip, one of the punches will be longer
inoperative than is necessary.
By inspection of Diagram, Figure 5, it will be seen that when a punch
operates it works with a balanced cut, that is, it cuts always on equal
opposite sides and never on one side, as in shearing. It is this balanced
operation of the punches that keeps the blanks or nails from twisting
as they are severed from the metal, and said balanced operation is
attained by the described forward and back movements given to the
stock relatively to punches and dies arranged with reference to each
other as described.
In cutting the metal bars or strips into nails or nail blanks there
remains in the holder, shown in the Drawings before referred.to, end
pieces which, if not further reduced by the punches into nail blanks or
nails, add considerably to the per-centage of scrap metal to be rewrought
into other nail bars. To reduce a very large portion of such ends into
nail blanks I provide one of a set of punching machines like the one
described with a carriage like that seen in cross section at A, Sheet 1.
In this carriage the clamping part is located nearer to the die bed than
is the case with the carriage seen in the other Figures, and the moveable
platen is operated by a screw instead of by a cam. Part of the bed of this
carriage under the platen is located on a level with the highest part of
the die bed, and is rounded like the die bed to fit the ribbed formation of
the bars or strips from which the nails or nail blanks are punched, so
that between the die bed edge and the adjacent edge of the stock clamp
there is formed a groove or channel which receives one of the projections
or ribs on the stock.
With either form of carriage the stock is released, pushed forward
under the punches the distance between two adjacent ribs on the stock,
and reclamped as often as the punches complete their cutting action
across the entire width of the bar.
In practical use the carriage shown at A is not found so convenient

page_text: any blanks which may have stuck therein, by reason of having been
forced on their sides by the brush into said entrance. A chute /* pro-
ceeds from the chamber and inclines downward, the bottom of the chute
being slotted so that when a blank on either of the wide faces enters head
or point first into the chute the point will quickly drop through the slot,
and the blanks will hang suspended therefrom by their heads, some with
their plane surfaces toward the chamber, and vice versa. To cause the
blanks to progress down the chute toward the receiving and carrying
wheel, arranged so that a vertical plane in the axial line of the wheel
shall coincide with a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal
centre line of the chute a bar m* is arranged parallel with the chute, said
bar being made to rise and fall slightly and constantly by any suitable
means. In the rise of the bar m' the blanks are so lifted that they rest
on the bars with their points, the shoulders of their heads being lifted
clear of the chute. It will be seen that then each blank will tip forward
toward the wheel until the shoulders of the heads rest again on the
chute; also that when bar m' descends the blanks will hang vertically,
and when the bar rises the tipping of the blanks will be repeated, so that
as the bar m* rises and falls the blanks progress toward the wheel. In
the face of the wheel presented to the chute radial recesses are cut
corresponding in size to the size of the blanks. The wheel is made to
move intermittently so as to receive a blank at each movement with the
head up
and the point down, and to carry them to the exactly opposite
position, with the head down and point up, where they are delivered onc
by one to a mechanism which arranges the plane surfaces of all the
blanks one way prior to their delivery to the collar dies, so that the
blanks shall be properly presented thereunto.
Directly beneath the wheel is placed a cylinder s* with its axis in
the vertical plane passing through the wheel axis, said cylinder being
pierced in the direction of its length with a hole which in cross section
is a little larger than the end of the heads of such blanks as are to pass
into and through the cylinder 8. This cylinder and its adjuncts are
shewn in plan in Figure 16, in elevation in Figure 17, and in section in
Figure 18. On the cylinders is a gear n³, and half rotations are given
to it by reciprocations of the rack o', the time of which rotation is after
the wheel has had an intermittent movement, by which one blank is
brought to and discharged into the receiver made in the cylinder. In
this receiver the blank stands with its head downward and resting on a

page_text: moveable plate which closes the bottom of the receiver. But as the
blanks may stand in the receiver in either of the two ways shown in
Figures 19 and 20, and as they should all be presented alike (say as
shown in Figure 19) to the action of the rolling dies, it becomes
necessary to provide a means for turning the receiver one half a revolu-
tion whenever the blank therein stands as seen in Figure 20. Holes
are made through the cylinder, one on each side of an axial plane, so
that plungers p and q can move therein, each plunger having a
retractile spring which keeps its inner end normally out of the blank
receiving space. There is a bent lever having one rigid and one
spring arm, the latter being so located that when said lever is moved in
one direction the spring arm will press on that one of the plungers p*
or q' which
may be exposed to its action.
If the plunger acted upon by the spring arm is not obstructed by the
presence of the blank in the receiver, as seen in Figure 19, then said
plunger is forced inward out of the path of movement of a pawl
carried by the pinion and no rotation is given to the receiver, so that
when the slide closing it is withdrawn, the blank will fall into a tubular
conveyer through which it passes to the roller dies. But if the blank
is in the receiver, as shown in Figure 20, then it requires to be turned
halfway round to make it conform in position to the blank seen in
Figure 19, and this will be accomplished, because the plunger q' will
abut against the blank and will not be forced by the spring arm of
lever inward; as the spring arm will yield and the plunger q* will
remain in the path of movement of the pawl carried by the pinion n³, so
that the receiver with the blank therein makes half a rotation, and
thus all of the blanks are uniformly arranged in the position required
for entrance to the roller dies.
The mechanism for rotating the shaft of cams f, f, for raising the
bar m', for rotating the carrying wheel , for reciprocating the rack, or
for vibrating the bent lever, are not herein described, as any ordinary
means for moving said parts the requisite extent and at the proper
times may be employed.
The last part of the Invention relates to the drawing, pointing, and
punching operations, by which the nail blank is formed into a finished
nail, the feeding mechanism last described being preferably used to
feed the nails to the mechanism now to be described.

page_text: .
In this part of the Invention the rolling and pointing operations and
a punching operation are combined, so that the nail shank is drawn or
reduced to the proper width and finish and the edges of the nail are
shorn of any excess of metal. In these operations first a pair of shaping
die rolls are used, which rolls elongate the blank very nearly to the
required length; from the dies of these rolls the nail blank passes
directly and automatically to the action of a surfacing and pointing
roll, the movement of which roll is graduated from the movement of
the shaping rolls, so that the head of the blank passes directly into the
head-receiving recess of the lower roll; with this lower roll is combined
a friction roll of larger diameter, and the negative action of this roll in
connection with the positive movement of the other roll causes the
nail head to be bent over toward the die roll and against a vertical
guide, by which guide the nail is directed so that as it emerges from the
lower roll it is straightened.
The friction roll has a smooth periphery, and the acting surface of
the die roll is smooth also, and the blank is straight and very smooth'
when it leaves the surfacing rolls. On the die roll is a taper surface, the
action of which is to bevil point the nail. As the head emerges from
the lower rolls it is seized between two nipper jaws which close upon it,
and these jaws draw the blank down until it comes directly in line with
the end of a punch which is of the exact form of a finished nail; this punch
being directly opposite a die in a die plate, which die is of the exact
form of the punch. When the blank is thus presented between the
punch and die the punch moves forward and carries the nail blank with
it, forcing it throngh the die plate and cutting from it all redundant
metal, bringing the nail shank to its ultimate form finished and ready to
be driven.
Figures 21 to 27 inclusive represent a machine embodying this part
of the Invention. Figure 21 shows the machine in side elevation;
Figure 22 is a plan of it; Figure 23 is a sectional elevation on the
line x, x; Figure 24 is a sectional elevation on the line y, y; Figure 25
is a similar section showing the nail grasping nippers as open; Figure 26
shows in section the upper pair of die rolls; Figure 27 is a section of
the lower die rolls.
a¹, denotes the frame; 6', a driving and cam shaft; c', an inter-
mediate shaft geared to the driving shaft and to a roll shaft d³, said

page_text: die groove i¹.
The rolls f, g, run at the same speed, and the shape of the recess h¹
and the corresponding or opposite portion of the die recess or groove i¹
is such, that the head of the blank (seen at A) is not changed by the
action of the rolls, such head receiving recess being merely the guides or
gauges by or in which the head of the blank is grasped in such manner
as to cause the die groove ¹ in passing its length upon the nail to draw
down the shank to or nearly to the length and thickness required in the
finished nail, and to make all the nails or shanks rolled therein uniform
in length, size, and shape. The groove contracts or lessens in depth
at its end, as seen in Figure 26, and just beyond this point is a recess k¹
into which any superfluous metal upon the end of the shank can enter.
Over the rolls is a vertical guide tube 1 through which the blank is
dropped (head down) for presentation to the upper rolls, the passage
corresponding in shape to the largest part of the head, but so as to let
the blank pass freely down; and the head being so introduced as to
present its front side j¹ to the recess h¹as the rolls in their rotation
bring the said recesses into position to receive the blank. As the rolls
rotate with the blank the head emerges from the recesses below as soon
as the dies open sufficiently, and passes into another vertical guide
tube m¹ which connects the peripheries of the upper rolls with the
peripheries of two rolls n', o', forming the lower and surface finishing
and pointing rolls. The roll n' is a die roll having a peripheral die
groove p', and the other roll is a friction roll with a smooth periphery,
and the acting surfaces of the two rolls n², o¹, are kept very smooth, so
that they condense the metal on the opposite faces of the nail and
impart a smoothness and finish thereto. At the point end of the
groove p it is made with a taper, as seen at q¹, so as to form a bevel at
the point of the shank as seen at B, which is an edge view of the
blank as it emerges from the lower rolls, there being also a recess 71
beyond the space q¹ to receive the redundance or excess of metal. The
roll n¹ travels at the same speed as the rolls f¹, g', and its groove has
a head receiving recess &¹ and a die groove p¹, the recess 8 being of the
full size and shape of the head of the blank, and the groove being of
.

page_text: cam on the side of a cam wheel o², rotation of the cam effecting the
upward movement of the tongs or griping jaws to receive the blank and
their downward movement to carry the blank down and present it to the
action of the punch and die. The plate & has a vertical slot p² through
which extend the centre link pin q², and two horizontal slots ², through.
which extend the lever and link pins 2, and as the inner end of the
lever gå starts up by the action of the cam the centre pin is carried up
in the slot p² and the end pins move inward in the slots, thus opening
the upper ends or jaws of the levers, friction preventing the levers and
toggles from moving up until the pin rises to the top of the vertical
slot p², in which rise the opening of the jaws is effected. In like
manner when the inner end of the lever g² starts down the pin q² first.
moves to the bottom of the slot and effects the close of the jaws upon
the head of the blank, after which the griping levers move down with
the lever g². The movements of the jaws and the lower rolls are so
timed respectively that as the end of the blank emerges from the lower
rolls and comes between the jaw notches a² the lever arm g² begins to
move down, thereby closing the jaws upon the head, and then descend-
ing with the nail head between the jaws. When the jaw levers reach
their lowest position the lever 9² stops and the nail blank is held
stationary between a punch t² and a die u² in a die plate v², the die
projecting from the front end of a follower w³, to which it is fastened by
suitable clamping mechanism and corresponding in form to the shape to
be imparted to the edges of the finished nail, and the die opening being
of the same shape. The die plate is stationary, but the punch block is.
on the end of the reciprocating follower w² sliding in a horizontal
guide and actuated by an eccentric y³ on the shaft 6', and a link and
eccentric strap z² connecting the follower with the eccentric.
As soon as the nippers or griping jaws stop their descent the punch (8
begins to move forward, and the nail blank head and the head of the
punch being in exact line, as are also the shank portion of the punch
and the shank of the blank, the punch presses the blank from the jaws,
the stress of the jaws being released, and the passage of the blank into
the die presses it against the die plate and into the die, removing from
it all excess of metal at the edges and bringing the shank to its ultimate
and finished form. As soon as the punch has brought the blank head
to the die plate the cam opens the jaws and the levers ascend for a new
blank, the punch continuing its forward movement and pressing the

page_text: blank into the die plate and then receding, so that the punch is ready
for the next blank as soon as the jaws bring it down. The die opening
in the die block leads into a space a³ into which the finished nails are
pressed and through which they may fall into a suitable receptacle
place beneath the machine. The scraps removed by the punch and die,
and which may by the action of the mechanism be left upon the punch,
are stripped therefrom by a stripper 63 which straddles the punch.
Each set of rolls ƒ³, g¹, and n³, o', is preferably made to operate upon
two blanks at each rotation, there being two pairs of grooves and
recesses in the upper rolls and two grooves in the lower rolls.
To insure the dropping of the blank to the upper rolls at the proper
time a stop e³ may extend into the tube A, this stop being on the end of
a lever ď³ pivoted at es, and being kept in the tube by a spring f³ until
the proper time for the blank to drop to the rolls, when a pin g³ on the
shaft e¹ acts on the lever, throwing back the stop and letting the blank
pass it.
'
It will be observed that by this organization horse-shoe nail blanks by
one continuous operation are automatically shank rolled, surface finished,
or smoothed, pointed, and punched into their ultimate form.
: Having now described my Invention and the best means I am
acquainted with for putting the same into practice, I claim the im-
provement in punching nail blanks, in feeding nails blanks, and in
drawing, pointing, and finishing the shanks of horse-shoe nails,
substantially as described.
2
'
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan Brown, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
WILLIAM MORGAN BROWN. (L.S.)