Improvements in Oil and Gas Motor Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as allowed bý
the decision of the Comptroller General of the 25th day of June 1896.
Date of Application, 9th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st May, 1894-Accepted, 2nd June. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil and Gas Motor Engines.
I, Hugh CAMPBELL, of the Firm of The Campbell Gas Engine Company
Limited, Halifax, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
"
"
This invention has reference to that construction of engine known as the "Otto
or four stroke cycle, but the invention is equally applicable to the Campbell"
engine made on the two stroke cycle principle. My improvements in these
description of engines refer, firstly to the method of vaporizing the oil, secondly to
the inlet and exhaust valves, and thirdly to the system of governing the engine.
In constructing an engine according to my invention, the oil, which may be of
any suitable kind or brand, is allowed to flow by its own gravity through a suitable
form of cock with a handle for regulating the supply to a small chamber
surrounding the inlet valve which is preferably of the mushroom type, such said
valve being opened by the pressure of the atmosphere when the movement of the
piston creates a vacuum in the cylinder. The conical seat of the valve is made
with one or more perforations to allow the petroleum or other oil to flow or to be
drawn into the vaporizer hereinafter referred to. This inlet valvo admits the
supply of air through the main opening thereof at the same time as the oil flows
through the perforation, and when the main opening of the valve closes the
admission of both air and oil is shut off. After the oil and air passes through the
inlet valve they are drawn through the vaporizer which is composed preferably of a
cylindrical vessel containing a central open ended tube through which the oil and
air are drawn, the bottom and sides of the said vaporizer being heated with an oil
lamp for the purpose of heating the oil and air to a high temperature when it
becomes converted into a mixed vapour. A cylinder or casing partly lined with
asbestos surrounds the vaporizer and an oil lamp is employed to heat the vaporizer
and also to heat an ordinary ignition tube in connection with the vaporizer.
The piston of the engine compresses the mixed air and vapour within the
vaporizer and ignition tube and on the return stroke of the piston and during
the time the crank is turning the dead centre the ignition of the combustible
mixture takes place by contact with the red hot sides of the ignition tube. After
the mixture has performed its function in the cylinder of the engine, which takes
place during the outstroke of the piston, the spent mixture is exhausted to the
atmosphere through an exhaust valve operated by a constantly reciprocating rod,
set in motion by a cam or eccentric which is driven at half the speed of the crank
shaft, such reduced speed being obtained by the use of bevel wheels, skue or spur
gearing or other suitable form of gearing. When the engine overruns the normal

page_text: speed an ordinary centrifugal governor causes a lever to drop into position so as
to hold the exhaust valve open, thereby preventing a vacuum being formed in the
cylinder and thus preventing the inlet valve being opened for the admission of
a fresh supply of air and oil; the exhaust valve being thus kept open by the lever
actuated from the governor, allows the products of combustion of air and other
gases to be drawn alternately into the cylinder and expelled therefrom by the
action of the piston, and this goes on until the speed of the engine falls to the
normal when the governor will remove the holding lever and permit the inlet
valve to act; the reciprocating rod during each forward stroke always advancing
far enough as to act upon the lever of the exhaust valve so as to release the
pressure on the holding lever in order that it may be free to move upward when
the governors demand it.
Instead of using the ordinary centrifugal governor for the purposes just mentioned,
namely to hold the exhaust valve open whilst the inlet valve remains closed, a
governor made on the momentum or pendulum system may be employed. This
'pendulum governor consists of a weighted ball hung on a vertical or horizontal
reciprocating spindle to which is attached a lever "forced by the action of the
pendulum into a position to hold the exhaust valve open so that when the engine
runs above its normal speed the position of the lever is altered owing to the increased
momentum of the governor, and this. altered position causes the lever to hold the
exhaust valve open and which it continues to do until the engine falls to its normal
speed.
When the engine is adapted to work on the two-stroke cycle principle now known
as the Campbell gas engine, the vaporizer is placed on the pipe connecting the
pumps cylinder with the motor cylinder. The air and oil is drawn through the
vaporizer as already described, and on its return the said oil and air is drawn
through the vaporizer again on its way to the motor cylinder where it is compressed
and ignited by the ignition tube already referred to.
The construction of oil engine above described can be worked by means of gas,
but when such is the case an increased number of perforations must be made in
the seat of the inlet valve so as to admit of a proper proportion of gas to the
volume of air being used, in addition to which the vaporizer may be dispensed with.
In the description of engine above given it will be observed that no reference' is
made to pump or fan as they are not required to heat the vaporizer or ignition
tube preparatory to starting the engine, neither is there any air or pump tubes used
for the purpose of working the engine after it has started.
Dated this 8th day of August 1893.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Oil and Gas Motor Engines.
I, HUGH CAMPBELL, of the Firm of The Campbell Gas Engine Company,
Limited, Halifax, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to that construction of engine known as the "Otto "
or four stroke cycle. My improvements in such engines refer, firstly, to the method
of vaporizing the oil used for driving the engine, secondly, to the inlet and exhaust
valves, and thirdly, to the system of governing the engine. In constructing an oil
engine according to my invention the oil which may be of any suitable kind, is
allowed to flow by its own gravity through a suitable form of cock provided with a
handle for regulating the supply to a small chamber surrounding. the inlet valve

page_text: which is preferably of the mushroom type, such said valve being opened by the
pressure of the atmosphere when the movement of the piston within the cylinder
The conical seat of the valve is made with one or more:
openings or perforations to allow of the oil to flow or to be drawn into a vaporizer:
connected to the engine.
creates a vacuum.
Such being the nature and object of my invention I will now proceed to describe
the same more fully, and for that purpose make reference to the accompanying
sheets of drawings, wherein
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of my improved apparatus for supplying and
vaporizing the oil, Fig. 2 is part front elevation, and Fig. 3 plan of same.
Fig. 4 is front elevation of certain parts of an oil engine as is necessary to shew
the application thereto of my improvements in the valves and in the method of
governing, whilst Fig. 5 is a section of Fig. 4.
The vaporizing apparatus shewn in Fig. 1 is connected to the engine at A in
Fig. 5. The combustible mixture consisting of oil and air enters the engine
cylinder as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 5. The supply of oil to the vaporizer,
see Fig. 1, comes from a cistern and passes through the tap or cock B and enters:
the annular chamber C and passes through small holes or apertures D to the inlet
valve E. The necessary supply of atmospheric air reaches the inlet valve through
the air holes or openings F, both the said air and oil passing through the
perforations D when the valve E is open, but when the main opening of the
After the oil and air
valve E closes, the admission of air and oil is shut off.
passes through the inlet valve E they are drawn down the vaporizer which is
composed preferably of a cylindrical pipe H provided with an ignition tube I.
These parts are surrounded by a jacket J lined with asbestos K, such jacket
having air holes L to create an up-draught from oil lamp M, the bottom and sides.
of the said vaporizer being thus heated causes the oil and air to reach a high
After the com-
temperature when it becomes converted into a mixed vapour.
bustible mixture has been generated it passes onto the cylinder of the engine and
is compressed by the piston, but on the return stroke of the piston and during the
time the crank is turning the dead centre the ignition of the combustible mixture-
After the
takes place by contact with the red hot sides of the ignition tube I.
mixture has exploded and performed its function in the cylinder of the engine-
which is timed to take place during the outstroke of the piston the spent mixture
is exhausted to the atmosphere through an exhaust valve N, see Fig. 5.
This exhaust valve is operated at every revolution of the engine by a constantly
reciprocating rod O which receives its motion by a cam or eccentric driven at half
the speed of the crank shaft by the use of spur wheels or other suitable gearing in.
connection with the crank shaft of the engine, but not shewn in the drawings.
Each forward motion of the reciprocating rol O strikes against the adjustable set
screw P attached to the lever Q having its fulcrum at R, thus when the-
reciprocating rod O strikes the stud P the lever Q opens the exhaust valve N
When the engine
which is closed through the action of the spiral spring S.
overruns its normal speed the sleeve T in connection with the governors U rises,
causing one end of the lever V to drop carrying with it the projection or finger W
which at this time is placed opposite the stud G so that when the lever Q has been
operated by the point of the reciprocating rod 0, the finger W through the
increased speed of the governors descends and comes opposite the stud G in lever Q
and prevents the spiral spring S closing the exhaust valve, whereby the exhaust
valve remains open which prevents a vacuum being formed in the cylinder,
consequently the inlet valve E is not opened for the admission of a fresh supply of
air and oil; the exhaust valve being thus kept open by the lever allows the
products of combustion of air and oil to be drawn alternately into the cylinder and
expelled therefrom by the action of the piston, and this goes on until the speed of
the engine falls to the normal again when the governors and sleeve T will lower
and raise the holding lever V from contact with the stud G and permit the inlet
valve to act. It must be understood that the reciprocating rod O during each.

page_text: forward stroke always advances far enough as to strike the lever Q to open the
exhaust valve so as to release the pressure from the finger W on the holding
piece Win order that it may be free to move upward when the governor demands
it which takes place on the engine resuming its normal speed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
Firstly. In an engine operated by the explosion of air and oil the combination
therewith of a vaporizer constructed and arranged as shewn in Fig. 1.
Secondly. In an engine operated by the explosion of air and oil the combination
therewith of an inlet valve E annular chamber C and openings D shewn in
Fig. 1.
Thirdly. In an engine operated by the explosion of air and oil the combination
therewith of an exhaust valve N kept open by lever Q when the engine exceeds
its normal speed, together with holding lever and the reciprocating rod O
substantially as described.
Dated th: 20th day of t 1004
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.