IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SUBSTANCES FROM CEREAL GRAINS AND SOME OF THEIR PRODUCTS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN EXTRACTING SUBSTANCES FROM CEREAL GRAINS AND SOME OF THEIR PRODUCTS,
AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED."-A communication
11 Di Dan Lael of Dania
Sealed the 13th July 1860, and dated the 17th January 1860.
SPECIFICATION
PROVISIONAL
left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th January 1860.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SUBSTANCES FROM CEREAL GRAINS
AND SOME OF THEIR PRODUCTS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED,"
(communicated to me from abroad by Benjamin Paraf-Javal, of Paris,) to be
as follows:--
In cereal grains, such as wheat, and in some of the products therefrom,
such as the residuum left in the manufacture of starch, gluten, bran, flour, and
certain sorts of starch, soluble substances are found in various forms which
are capable of precipitation. These substances have great analogy with
gluten hitherto produced by the aid of alcohol. The component parts of cereals

page_text: are generally the outside skin or husk, the starch, the gluten, the internal
fibrin or germ; now by the aid of powerful agents and in a highly concentrated
state these four substances are capable of being dissolved, but with more or
Tess injury to them. By the employment of weak agents which do not require
to be concentrated, I am enabled to dissolve the gluten only. The skin of the
wheat is easily separated from the other parts by filtration, sifting, or other-
wise. On being left to settle, the starch with a part of the vegetable fibrin
becomes deposited, when by drawing off the supernatant liquor, I obtain the
gluten in solution with the vegtable fibrin floating in it. If the liquid is
now allowed to remain some time at rest, the whole of the fibrin becomes
deposited.
The separation may, however, be effected quicker by the employment of a
centrifugal filtering machine. There is, however, another mode of effecting
the separation. By precipitating the gluten from the solution it carries down
all the vegetable fibrin, and a precipitate is obtained very analogous to gluten.
As it is not necessary to precipitate the whole of the gluten to carry down all
the fibrin, that quantity of gluten only is precipitated which will leave a liquid
more or less transparent, according as I desire to produce from it gluten more
or less deprived of vegetable fibrin. A deposit is thus formed of a mixture of
gluten and vegetable fibrin with a liquid composed chiefly of gluten in solution;
from this the gluten is precipitated and then well washed with water or other
suitable liquid, and I use it in a moist or dry state, in solution or otherwise.
Instead of obtaining first a precipitate of impure gluten and next a pre-
cipitate of pure gluten, the precipitates can be made at one operation; or,
instead of precipitating twice, the operation may_be_extended_to_threc_or
more precipitations, care being taken to separate each precipitate: when flour
or gluten is operated on, bran is held in suspension in the solution, from which
it may be separated by sifting, by allowing the solution to rest. or otherwise.
The starch and vegetable fibres are separated in the manner described with
reference to the treatment of wheat. Starch waters containing gluten in solu-
tion are treated as a solution of gluten.
The solutions may be made, 1st, of acid waters resulting from the washing
of starch; 2nd, of most organic acids; 3rd. of most mineral acids; 4th, of
most of the soluble oxides: 5th, of most kinds of salts.
The solution is made by submitting to the action of one of the above agents
the substances which contain gluten.
The precipitation of the gluten is effected by the neutralization of the solu-
tion if it is alkaline or neuter. By the addition of certain acids, even if the

page_text: liquor is acid; by the addition of a number of salts, alkaline, neutral, or
acid; by the introduction of substances capable of forming insoluble combina-
tions with gluten such as tannin, or instead of using one substance many may
be employed.
Gluten made in the nianner described is employed for fixing colors on fabrics.
paper, textile substances, and others, for painting and varnishing boats, metal,
and the like, for giving a finish to and for preparing threads, tissues, leather,
paper, and as the gluten can be rendered insoluble, the substances thus
treated will be made incombustible, and at the same time they will not be
injured by washing; for binding together all sorts of substances such as wood,
stone, glass, metals, stuffs, skins, and the like; for so preparing threads as to
give them the strength and appearance of horse hair; for making artificial horn,
bone, shells, pearls, coral, and articles manufactured from such like materials;
for coating and rendering medicines tasteless; for clarifying all sorts of sub-
stances; for the manufacture of beer; for rendering alimentary substances very
nutritive; for the manufacture of soap in combination with alkaline solutions;
for making imitations in glass, porcelain, pottery, and for many other useful
purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators. and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING SUBSTANCES FROM CEREAL GRAINS AND SOME

page_text: OF THEIR PRODUCTS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED," (a com-
munication from abroad by Benjamin Paraf-Javal, of Paris,) upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors
or achministrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
In cereal grains, such as wheat, and in some of the products therefrom,
such as the residuum left in the manufacture of starch, gluten, bran, flour, and
certain sorts of starch, soluble substances are found in various forms which
are capable of precipitation. These substances have great analogy with
gluten hitherto produced by the aid of alcohol, that is to say, with a substance
which is called in France glutine, and which is produced by repeatedly wash-
ing farinaceous matter with hot alcohol, extracting the vegetable caseine,
concentrating the same, and treating it with water.
The component parts of cereals are generally the outside skin or husk,
the starch, the glutine, the internal fibrin or germ; now by the aid of powerful
agents and in a highly-concentrated state, these four substances are capable of
-being-dissolved,-but-with-more-or-less_injury_to_them. By_the_employment of
woak agents, which do not require to be concentrated. I am enabled to dis-
solve the glutine only. The skin of the wheat is easily separated from the
other parts by filtration, sifting, or otherwise. On being left to settle, the
staŕch with a part of the vegetable fibrin becomes deposited, when by drawing
off the supernatant liquor I obtain the glutine in solution, with the vegetable
fibrin floating in it. If the liquid is now allowed to remain some time at rest
the whole of the fibrin becomes deposited. The separation may, however, be
effected quicker by the employment of a centrifugal filtering machine. There
is, however, another mode of effecting the separation. By precipitating
the glutine from the solution it carries down all the vegetable fibrin, and a
precipitate is obtained very analogous to gluten. As it is not necessary to
precipitate the whole of the gluten to carry down all the fibrin, that quantity
of glutine only is precipitated which will leave a liquid more or less trans-

page_text: parent, according as I desire to produce from it glutine more or less free from
vegetable fibrin. A deposit is thus formed of a mixture of glutine and
vegetable fibrin, with a liquid composed chiefly of glutine in solution; from
this the glutine is precipitated, and then well washed with water or other
suitable liquid, and I use it in a moist or dry state, in solution, or otherwise.
Instead of obtaining first a precipitate of impure glutine, and next a pre-
cipitate of pure glutine, the precipitates can be made at one operation. Or,
instead of precipitating twice, the operation may be extended to three or more
precipitations, care being taken to separate each precipitate. When flour or
gluten is operated on bran is held in suspension in the solution, from which it
may be separated by sifting, by allowing the solution to rest or otherwise. The
starch and vegetable fibres are separated in the manner described with refer-
ence to the treatment of wheat. Starch waters containing glutine in solution
are treated as a solution of glutine.
The solutions may be made, first, of acid waters resulting from the washing
of starch; second, of most organic acids; third, of most mineral acids; fourth,
of most of the soluble oxides; fifth, of most kinds of salts. The solution is
made by submitting to the action of one of the above agents the substances
which contain glutine. The precipitation of the glutine is effected by the
neutralization of the solution, if it is alkaline or neuter; by the addition of
certain acids, even if the liquor is acid; by the addition of a number of salts,
alkaline, neutral or acid; by the introduction of substances capable of forming
insoluble combinations with glutine, such as tannin; or, instead of using one
substance, many may be employed.
Glutine made in the manner described is employed for fixing colours on
fabrics, paper, textile substances, and others; for painting and varnishing
boats, metal, and the like; for giving a finish to and for preparing threads,
tissues, leather, paper, and as the gluten can be rendered insoluble, the sub-
stances thus treated will be made incombustible, and at the same time they
will not be injured by washing; for binding together all sorts of substances,
such as wood, stone, glass, metals, stuffs, skins, and the like; for so preparing
threads as to give them the strength and appearance of horse hair; for
making artificial horn, bone, shells, pearls, coral, and articles manufactured
from such like materials; for coating and rendering medicines tasteless; for
clarifying all sorts of substances; for the manufacture of beer; for rendering
alimentary substances very nutritive; for the manufacture of soap in combi-
nation with alkaline solutions; for making imitations in glass, porcelain,
pottery, and for many other useful purposes,

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same it to be performed, I declare that I claim the method of
extracting Substances from cereal grains-and-some-of-their-products-and-the-
application of the substances extracted in the manner and for the purposes
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)