Improvements in the Manufacture and Application of Packing for Making Fluid Tight Joints.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 29th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 27th Feb., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Application of Packing for
Making Fluid Tight Joints.
We, HENRY CHARLES PLATTS, and THOMAS LOWTHER, both of Hughesoffka,
Government of Ekaterinoslaff, South Russia, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to the manufacture and application of packing
consisting of parallel layers of materials that are in close contact with each other
and are connected at one end by a curved portion that imparts elasticity to the
packing, tend to cause the two layers to spring apart, and enables the layer that
is subjected to wear to slide when necessary and when subjected to endways
Such a construction of
pressure upon the adjacent layer, to compensate for wear.
packing, which we term compensating split packing, is described and shown in the
Specification of our Patent No. 13378 of 1893.
Compensating split packing according to this invention may be made of single
sheets of any suitable material, including india rubber, leather and metal, of
suitable size and thickness doubled one or more times upon itself and pressed to
shape, and also of several sheets or layers of similar or diverse materials which
may be glued, cemented, sewn, riveted, or otherwise secured or fastened to one
another as may be found convenient and desirable, in order to form a composite
sheet of the desired thickness which is then doubled upon itself one or more times
and pressed to shape. According to one construction the sheet, both single and
composite, is rolled or lapped over and over on flat, round, oval or other suitably
shaped cores of the required size. A single or composite sheet after being
rolled upon itself is taken off the core and pressed to shape in order to form
compensating split packing, the adjacent ends or edges of which in this case are
covered by the material or materials of which it is composed. The said ends or
edges may be left round, or may be squared or bevelled by any suitable means.
According to another way of carrying out our invention, a single or composite
sheet is rolled or lapped over and over, on a suitable core as before and is then cut
through lengthwise of the core so as to form two compensating split packings at
one operation. The cut edges may be protected by covering them with any
convenient material secured in place by any suitable means such as those herein-
before referred to.
According to another way the con pensating packing is formed from a tube or
series of concentric tubes of any suitable material which is or are flattened and
pressed to shape.
According to a modification, the single tube, or the series of concentric tubes is
divided lengthwice into two halves which are pressed to shape as before to form
two compensating split packings the ends or edges of which may be protected by
suitable material conveniently secured thereto.
In order to obtain greater resilieucy, we may employ in our compensating split
packing, softer or more resilient material in conjunction with the harder material.
In some cases the softer or more resilient material may be so arranged in relation
to the other material composing the packing that when pressed to shape, the softer
or more resilient material will be located in one layer only of the packing, for
example the outer layer or that farthest from the body to be packed; in other
cases it may be in the inner layer, or in both layers, as may be found desirable.

page_text: Compensating split packing made in either of the ways described may be
employed in stuffing boxes, pistons and other similar devices where it is desired to
obtain a fluid-tight joint. Annular or other shaped pieces of such packing may
be employed superimposed, or side by side, or both side by side and superimposed,
and either alone or in conjunction with knife-edge or other washers, springs and
spring-boxes, such as described in our said former Specification No. 13378, as may
be desired. In some cases the compensating split packing may be in direct contact
with the cylinder wall, piston rod, or other body to be packed; in other cases it
may be employed as a backing to a metallic packing ring or rings of ordinary
construction that is in contact with the body to be packed. When thus used as a
backing to metallic packing in pistons and in stuffing boxes, a fluid tight joint may
be secured by virtue of the resiliency of the compensating split packing, with or
without the aid of separate springs.
When two or more of our compensating split packings are used to make fluid-
tight joints in pistons and like devices, as well as in stuffing-boxes, we may arrange
then in their places, either with their bends or with their split edges or free ends
adjacent to each other.
Our improved compensating split packing herein described may be advantageously
employed as washers or rings at the top or bottom of, or between, the rings or
layers of compensating split-packing constructed according to our former
specification, for the purpose of ensuring fluid tight joints; when so employed such
packing is inserted either bend or split edges first, at right angles to the latter
and to the body to be packed. The increased resiliency thus obtained acts in
some degree compensatingly in forcing up the layers of compensating split packing
to allow for wear, and imperfect butt joints are thereby improved, and rendered
fluid tight.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Application of Packing for
Making Fluid Tight Joints.
We, HENRY CHARLES PLATTS, and THOMAS LOWTHER, both of Hughesoffka,
Government of Ekaterinoslaff, South Russia, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to an improved manufacture and application of
that kind of packing for obtaining fluid tight joints, consisting of parallel layers
of materials that are arranged in close contact with each other and are connected
at one end by a curved portion or bend that (a) imparts elasticity to the packing;
() tends to cause the adjacent layers to spring apart when they have absorbed
any fluid or lubricant-while nevertheless ensuring a fluid tight joint; and (c), when
the packing is subjected to end ways pressure from a gland or similar device in a
stuffing box, enables the layer that is liable to wear to slide upon the adjacent
layer to compensate for wear, the remaining layers, when there are more than two,
also sliding upon the layers adjacent to thein, so that the space between the
stuffing box wall and the body to be packed is always full of packing. Such n
construction of packing, which we term compensating split packing, is described
and slown in the Specification of our Patent No. 13378 of 1893.
Now according to our present invention we manufacture improved compensating
split packing as hereinafter described with reference to the drawings, making

page_text: such packing of several juxtaposed layers or thicknesses of material so as to
constitute composite sheets, which are formed sometimes out of single sheets of
any suitable material, it may be india rubber, canvas, leather or metal, of
appropriate size and thickness, doubled or wrapped upon itself and pressed or
cut to shape, and sometimes of several sheets or layers of similar or diverse
materials secured or fastened to one another it may be by glueing, cementing,
sewing rivetting, or otherwise as may be found convenient and desirable in order
to form a composite sheet of the desired thickness, which is then doubled upon
itself the desired number of times and pressed or cut to shape, as hereinafter
explained.
We have obtained satisfactory results when using canvas, cotton and asbestos
the adjacent sheets or layers of which have been cemented together by a layer
of india rubber and then subjected, as is usual with fibrous packing, to a vulcanizing
or curing process.
Figs. 1 to 64 inclusive of the accompanying drawings are cross sectional views
illustrating various examples of compensating split packing manufactured according
to this invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, a sheet 1 of canvas or other material is rolled or lapped
over and over on a Hat, round, oval or other suitably shaped core 2 of the
required size, a thin flat core being shown in the example now being described.
A single or composite sheet after being thus rolled upon itself, with an interposed
thin layer of cement (such as a solution of rubber) is taken off the core and
pressed to the shape shown in dotted lines in order to form compensating split
packing which may afterwards be vulcanized or cured in any known or suitable
inanner. The ends or edges 1°, of the packing, may be left round, as shown, or
they may be squared or bevelled by any suitable means.
According to another way of carrying out our invention, a single or composite
sheet is rolled or lapped over and over on a suitable core 2 as before and as
shown in Figs. 2 and 3 with interposed layer of cement, and is then cut through
lengthwise of the core, as on the line, so as to form at one operation two
lengths of compensating split packing which are pressed flat and may be
vulcanized or cured before or after the cutting operation. The cut edges of the
packing may be protected by covering them with any convenient material such as
strips of canvas secured in place by any suitable means, for example by cementing
or sewing.
According to another way, the compensating packing is formed from a tube
(Fig. 4) produced by rolling a sheet of canvas or other material upon itself, or
from a series of concentric tubes (Fig. 5) of canvas formed one inside the other,
or drawn one into the other, the tube or series of tubes after removal from the core,
being flattened as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 and pressed to shape as shown in
Figs. 4 and 5. In this case the series of wrappings of material, or series of
concentric tubes, as the case may he, can be secured together by cement or otherwise
or not, as may be desired. When cemented together the packing is finally
subjected to a vulcanizing or curing process.
According to a modification, the single tube (Fig. 4) or the series of concentric
tubes (Fig. 5), is divided lengthwise on the line 11 into two halves or approxi-
mately so which after removal of the core are pressed to shape as before and
vulcanized or cured to form two lengths of compensating split packing, the cut
ends or edges of which may, as in the other cases, be protected by suitable material
conveniently secured thereto.
In order to obtain greater resiliency, we may employ in the manufacture of our
compensating split packing, as shown in Figs. 6 64 softer or more resilient
material 4, such as one or more sheets of india rubber, in conjunction with the
harder material, such as canvas 1. In some cases the softer or more resilient
material may be so arranged in relation to the other material composing the
packing that when the packing is pressed to shape, the softer or more resilient
material will be located in one layer only of the packing, for example the outer

page_text: Inyer or that farthest from the body 5 to be packed (Fig. 6); in other cases it
may be in the inner layer, or, as in Fig. 6 in both layers, as may be found
desirable.
Compensating split packing according to this invention is usually manufactured
in long lengths that are coiled for convenience in storing and from which pieces
can be cut to form rings or the like having butt or other suitable joints and
diameters to suit the rods, pistons or other bodies to be packed. The packing may
however be made in short pieces of the required length to form the rings with butt
or other joints, without cutting.
Compensating split packing made in either of the ways described may be
employed in stufling boxes, pistons and other similar devices where it is desired to
obtain a fluid tight joint. Annular or other shaped pieces of such packing may
be employed superimposed, or side by side, or both side by side and superimposed,
and either alone, or in conjunction with washers, springs and spring-boxes, such as
described in our said former Specification No. 13378", ns may be desired.
Fig. 7 shows in vertical section part of a stulling box provided with rings of our
improved split packing arranged both side by side and superimposed and without
washers, 6 being the gland by which the packing is compressed against the body 5
to be packed. Fig. 8 is a vertical section showing two rings of our split packing
separated by a washer 7 having concave surfaces at each side for the reception of
the curved end portion of the packing.
In some cases the compensating split packing may be in direct contnet with the
cylinder wall, piston rod, or other body 5 to be packed, as shown in Figs. 7, S
and 10 in other cases it may, as shown in Fig. 9, be employed as a backing to a
metallic or other packing ring or rings 8 of ordinary construction that is or are
in contact with the body 5 to be packed. When thus used as a lacking to metallic
or other packing in pistons and in stuffing boxes, a fluid tight joint may be secured
by virtue of the resiliency of the compensating split packing, with or without the
aid of separate springs.
When two or more of our compensating split packings are used to make fluid-
tight joints in pistons and like devices, as well as in stuffing-boxes, we may arrange
them in their places, either with their bends or curved portions 1 adjacent to ench
other as shown in Fig. 8, or with their split edges or free ends adjacent to each
other as shown in Fig. 10.
Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 illustrate examples of packing rings or strips A and B
arranged according to our invention at right angles to one another as seen in cross
section. By such arrangement increased resiliency is obtained that in some degree
affords compensation by forcing up the layers in a manner to allow for wear, and
imperfect butt joints may be thereby improved and rendered fluid tight. In ench
-case 5 is the body packed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The improved manufacture of compensating split packing for making fluid
tight joints hereinabove described with reference to the several examples
illustrated.
2. The application and use in the improved manner described with reference
to and illustrated in Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 of compensating split packing such as
referred to for the purpose specified.