IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SOLAR INDICATION"
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Herrmann Gerson, of 10, Victoria Street, in the
City of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, Manufacturer,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
SOLAR INDICATION"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Herrmann Gerson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1880.
GEORGE HERRMANN GERSON, of 10, Victoria Street, in the City of Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SEWAGE IRRIGATION."
The sewage is carried by underground main and branch pipes to stand pipes, the
tops of which are raised above the ground and furnished with an elbow capable of
revolving around a suitably shaped bearing formed on the same.
To the elbow is attached an irrigating arın of suitable length consisting of a set
of moveable jointed pipes, troughs, hose, or their equivalents, which are provided
sideways or toward the bottom or top along their length with outlet holes, which
may or may not be provided with means for altering the size of the holes according
to circumstances.
. The sewage, controlled by cocks or gates on the branch pipes, is let into the
irrigating arms wherefrom it flows through their holes upon the land.
After the land has been irrigated for a sufficient time to be saturated the irrigating
arm is swept round to a plot of land still dry, which will now be irrigated, and
so on.
The use and the construction of a moveable irrigating arm composed of a suitable
number of jointed pipes, troughs, hose, or their equivalents, the length of which on
the side, or bottom, or top is furnished with any, suitable number of holes, which
may be enlarged or reduced at will by slides, by means of turning a partly open
pipe in another one, also partly open, or by any other suitable device which will
fulfil this object, forms part of the Invention.
To facilitate the moving of the irrigating arm there may be arranged under it,
preferably on those points where the joints are situated, carriages or wheeled
trucks on which the arm rests, but under certain circumstances the arm may be

page_text: made stationary, but always provided on the length with outlet holes, as above
described.
The stand pipes should be situated on elevated points, and the irrigating arm
must be constructed in such way that when the stand pipes cannot be placed as
above described the fluid may be forced through them to the desired height.
By this system of sewage irrigation the fertilizing fluid is more advantageously
distributed on the land than by the surface carriers, the land itself can be cultivated
by the plough and harrow, the offensive odour of the old system is obviated, as the
sewage is absorbed entirely by the land, and the latter becomes adapted to grow a
greater variety of products so as to be fit for the production of grain, potatoes, and
other fruits which could not be raised on land irrigated on the usual or known
plans. The Invention is applicable to any land directly without previous preparation
or levelling of the land.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Herrmann Gerson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th November 1880.
<
GEORGE HERRMANN GERSON, of 10, Victoria Street, in the City of Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire, Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SEWAGE IRRIGATION."
The sewage is carried by underground main and branch pipes to stand pipes, the
tops of which are raised above the ground and furnished with an elbow capable of
revolving round a suitably shaped bearing formed on the same. To the elbow is
attached an irrigating arm of suitable length consisting of a set of moveable
jointed pipes, troughs, hose, or their equivalents, which are provided sideways or
toward the bottom or the top along their length with outlet holes, which may or
may not be provided with means for altering the size of the holes according to
circumstances.
The sewage, controlled by cocks or gates on the branch pipes, is let into the
irrigating arms wherefrom it flows through their holes upon the land.
After the land has been irrigated for a sufficient time to be saturated the irrigating
arm is swept round to a plot of land still dry, which will now be irrigated, and
so on.
The use and the construction of a moveable irrigating arm composed of a suitable
number of jointed pipes, troughs, hose, or their equivalents, the length of which on
the side, or bottom, or top is furnished with any suitable number of holes, which
may be enlarged or reduced at will by slides, by means of turning a partly open
pipe in another one, also partly open, or by any other suitable device which will
fulfil this object, forms part of the Invention.
To facilitate the moving of the irrigating arm there may be arranged under it,
preferably on those points where the joints are situated, carriages or wheeled trucks,

page_text: on which the arm rests, but under certain circumstances the arm may be made
stationary, but always provided on the length with outlet holes, as above described.
The stand pipes should be situated on elevated points, and the irrigating arm
must be constructed in such way that when the stand pipes cannot be placed as
above described, the fluid may be forced through them to the desired height.
And in order that the said Invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying Drawings,
more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
stationary, out always provided on the length with outlet noies, as above described.
The stand pipes should be situated on elevated points, and the irrigating arm
must be constructed in such way that when the stand pipes cannot be placed as
above described, the fluid may be forced through them to the desired height.
And in order that the said Invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying Drawings,
more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the accompanying Drawing similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts.
Figure 1 is a plan of an irrigated field.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of a field taken through a stand pipe and arm.
Figure 3 is a plan of a stand-pipe with arm.
Figures 4 are vertical cross sections of the arm.
From the pipe A, carrying the city sewage, the latter flows into the underground
main-pipes B, the number of which varies in proportion to the extent of the fields
and to other circumstances. The underground pipes C, of about 5 to 9 inches in
diameter, branch from the pipes B at intervals of about 180 to 250 feet, and are
provided with stopcocks, slides, or other known devices for interrupting or
shutting off the flow of the fluid, as shown at a, a. On each branch-pipe C,
and at intervals of from about 180 to 250 feet, stand-pipes D are arranged,
the tops of which stand above the ground to such an extent that the irrigating
arm E can be fastened to them and moved without difficulty. To acomplish this
object the top of the stand-pipe D is furnished with a collar and a journal, on
which rests and revolves an elbow pipe b, to which is attached the irrigating, arm E,
which is from about 90 to 130 feet long. This arm E, is closed at its outer end,
and consists of a number of moveably jointed pipes, troughs, hose, or other suitable
carriers, which are provided along their length on the sides, the bottom, or the top
with outlet holes, overflows, or openings, through which the sewage can flow out.
Devices to control the quantity of the outflow may be provided or not, as desired.
In Figure 2 are shown different constructions of the arm E. It must be understood
that it is not intended to combine in each complete arm a number of differently
formed pipes, joints, outlets, and carriages, as represented in Figure 2, but these
different forms are merely given as examples to show that the complete arms may
be constructed in various ways according to circumstances. The arm E is shown in
Figures 2 and 3 as consisting of three separate pipes connected moveably by
couplings d and f. The couplings & may be made of cast iron in two parts screwed
together and with sufficient play to allow the pipe c to be moved; frepresents a
coupling consisting of a sleeve of india rubber hose fastened to the ends of two
pipes by metal collars. Other kinds of couplings may however be employed for
this purpose; Figures 2 and 3 represent at ca pipe consisting of an outer and an
inner portion. From both (with exception of the ends and small intermediate
pieces g) is cut away lengthwise one third of their circumference. The inner
portion can be turned within the outer one, so as to form either an entirely closed
pipe or a pipe having an opening or slit e therein. This slit e may be enlarged or
reduced in size, according to the quantity of sewage required to flow out, by
adjusting the respective positions of the two pipes.
At c¹ is shown a pipe furnished on its side with holes, which can be closed more
or less by means of adjustable slides. At c₁ is represented a pipe, the side holes of
which are not adjustable at all, but any number of holes may in this case be closed
by means of plugs according to the required outflow of sewage-fluid.
Instead of these three different kinds of pipes represented in the Drawing I may
use hose of hemp, india rubber, or other suitable material, with adjustable or non-
adjustable outlet-holes, the construction and arrangement of which will be readily
understood from the above description.

page_text: The arm E rests, whatever kind of piping may be employed, on supports, of which
two kinds are represented in the Drawing. One consists of a wooden sledge or
block, and the other of a two-wheeled truck kc, both being provided with ears or
lugs for the insertion of an instrument for moving them about. To these supports h
ork, which are separated from each other by a length of pipe, or if hose is used for
a suitable distance; the arm E is fastened by collars in such way that the free
motion of the pipes is not hindered. Although these supports are convenient still
the use of them is not essential to the working of the Invention, but the arm may,
if desired, rest directly on the ground, but I prefer to employ supports as above
described.
The sewage, controlled by the stop cocks or gates a, is let into the irrigating
arms E whence it flows out through the holes e upon the land.
After a certain portion of the land has been irrigated for a time sufficient to
saturate it the irrigating arm E is swept round to a plot of dry land by a labourer,
who draws one support h or after the other by means of a hooked instrument
engaging into one, ear of the support.
Under certain circumstances the arm E may be made stationary; for example,
on a ridge of billy ground, as shown in Figure 1 at E', but it is always provided with
outlet holes e. E, in the same Figure, indicates an arm which has just been
moved in the manner above mentioned.
By this system of sewage irrigation the fertilizing fluid is more advantageously
distributed on the land than by surface carriers or by any of the plans hitherto
known or used; the land itself can be cultivated by the plough and harrow; the
offensive odours of the old systems are obviated, as the sewage is absorbed entirely
by the land, and the latter becomes adapted to grow a greater variety of produce
so as to be fit for the production of grain, potatoes, and other fruits which could
not be raised on land irrigated on the usual or known plans.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the mode in which
the same is carried into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is,―
First. The means of distributing for fertilizing purposes the town-sewage on land
by means of pipes C provided with stand-pipes D, from which the sewage is divided
according to requirements by moveable and transferable pipes, hose, or troughs,
substantially as herein shown and described.
Second. Stationary or movable irrigating arms E, E', the outlet-holes e of which
are capable of being enlarged or reduced in area according to circumstances,
substantially as herein shown and described.
Third. Movable or stationary irrigating arms E, E¹, the area of the outlet-holes e
of which cannot be varied, substantially as herein described.
Fourth. The supports hork for carrying the arm E, substantially as and for the
purpose herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Herrmann Gerson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
GEORG HERRMANN GERSON.
(L.S.)