IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Outram, of Grutland, near Halifax, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CAST IRON."
Sealed the 5th April 1867, and dated the 9th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Outram at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1866.
I, THOMAS OUTRAM, of Grutland, near Halifax, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the working of ores and other materials
containing iron, which although free for the most part from injurious impurities
are at present little used, because beiug in a state of powder or small division
they cannot be worked advantageously by the ordinary methods.
Now according to my Invention I mix such ore or. material with small
bituminous coal, and I cause the mixture to agglomerate by coking it. The
coking operation is conducted by preference in coke ovens, such as are
commonly used for coking small coal. The coke, or coke-like substance
obtained is afterwards burut in a smelting furnace; it may be an ordinary.
blast furnace, such as is commonly used in smelting iron ore, and thus the iron
which the coke or coke-like substance contains is obtained in a metallic state?
The coke or coke-like substance may be used as part of the burden of a blast
furnace, in which other ore is also being smelted. In place of mixing the
finely divided iron ore or material with bituminous coal-it may be mixed-with-
[Pries 8d.]. ..
L

page_text: coke dust and tar, or pitch, or other bituminous matter, and the mixture
caused to agglomerate by coking. The coke or coke-like material so obtained
is employed as before. Iron borings and turnings may in this way be
worked up.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of. the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Outram in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
OUTRAM, of Grutland, near Halifax, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs. and successors, give and grant, unto
me, the said Thomas Outram, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Outram, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Thomas Outram, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON," upon the condition (amongst others):
that I, the said Thomas Outram, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Outram, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the working of ores and other materials.
containing iron, which although free for the most part from injurious im-
purities are at present little used, because being in a state of powder or small
division they cannot be worked advantageously by the ordinary methods,
Now according to my Invention (which is particularly applicable to the
treatment of pyrites which has been roasted for the manufacture of sulphuric

page_text: acid, and afterwards crushed and treated for the separation of copper,) I treat
such ore or material by mixingitwith bituminous coal, then causing the mixture
to agglomerate by coking it in bulk(or without moulding it into blocksorlumps)
and smelting the product to obtain iron. I employ such coal as is suitable for
making coke for smelting iron, and containing as little sulphuras may be; if large
the coal may advantageously be broken. Imix it roughly with the small ore o
material in such proportion as will make a hard coke or coke-like substance
suitable for the blast furnace; say, one part of ore to one and a half parts of coal;
but the proportions will vary according to the quality of the coal,if very bitumic
nous it willtake more ore. I charge the mixture into a coking oven, and cause
it to agglomerate by subjecting itto a coking operation. The coking operation
is conducted by preference in the ordinary manner, and in coke ovens such
are commonly used for coking small coal. The coke or coke-like substance
obtained is afterwards burnt in a smelting furnace; it may be an ordinary
blast furnace, such as is commonly used in smelting iron ore, and thus the
iron which the coke or coke-like substance contains is obtained in a metallic
stato. The coke or coke-like substance may be used as part of the burden of
a blast furnace in which otherore is also being smelted; this will conveniently
be done where other iron ore can easily be obtained, and where the coal is not
sufficiently bituminous to agglomerate in coking as much of the finely divided
ore or material as it is capable of smelting. In place of mixing the finely
divided iron ore or material with bituminous coal it may be mixed with coke
dust and tar, or pitch, or other bituminous matter, and the mixture caused to
agglomerate by coking, and afterwards smelted.
The following, mixture may conveniently be employed :-Eight parts of
finely divided ore, six parts of coke dust, and three parts of gas tar. The
materials are roughly mixed and charged into retorts like gas retorts; the
mixture is coked at a red heat. The coke or coke-like material so obtained
is employed as before. Borings and turnings of cast or wrought iron may also
in this way be worked up.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Outram, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
THOS. OUTRAM. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Outram, of Grutland, near Halifax, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CAST IRON."
Sealed the 5th April 1867, and dated the 9th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Outram at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th October 1866.
I, THOMAS OUTRAM, of Grutland, near Halifax, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the working of ores and other materials
containing iron, which although free for the most part from injurious impurities
are at present little used, because being in a state of powder or small division
they cannot be worked advantageously by the ordinary methods..
Now according to my Invention I mix such ore or material with small
bituminous coal, and I cause the mixture to agglomerate by coking it. The
coking operation is conducted by preference in coke ovens, such as are
commonly used for coking small coal. The coke or coke-like substance
obtained is afterwards burnt in a smelting furnace; it may be an ordinary
blast furnace, such as is commonly used in smelting iron ore, and thus the iron
which the coke or coke-like substance contains is obtained in a metallic state.
The coke or coke-like substance may be used as part of the burden of a blast.
furnace, in which other ore is also being smelted. In place of mixing the
finely divided iron ore or material with bituminous coal it may be mixed with

page_text: coke dust and tar, or pitch, or other bituminous matter, and the mixture
caused to agglomerate by coking. The coke or coke-like material so obtained
is employed as before. Iron borings and turnings may in this way be
worked up.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Outram in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
OUTRAM, of Grutland, near Halifax, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Thomas Outram, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas
Outram, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Thomas Outram, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST IRON," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Outram, my executors or administrators, by an instru-'
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Outram, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the working of ores and other materials
containing iron, which although free for the most part from injurious im-
purities are at present little used, because being in a state of powder or small
division they cannot be worked advantageously by the ordinary methods.
Now according to my Invention (which is particularly applicable to the
treatment of pyrites which has been roasted for the manufacture of sulphuric

page_text: acid, and afterwards crushed and treated for the separation of copper,) I treat
such ore or material by mixing it with bituminous coal, then causing the mixture
to agglomerate by coking it in bulk (or without moulding it into blocks or lumps)
and smelting the product to obtain iron. I employ such coal as is suitable for
making coke for smelting iron, and containing as little sulphur as may be; if large
the coal may advantageously be broken. I mix it roughly with the small ore or
material in such proportion as will make a hard coke or coke-like substance
suitable for the blast furnace; say, one part of ore to one and a half parts of coal;
but the proportions will vary according to the quality of the coal, if very bitumi-
nous it will take more ore. I charge the mixture into a coking oven, and cause
it to agglomerate by subjecting it to a coking operation. The coking operation
is conducted by preference in the ordinary manner, and in coke ovens such
are commonly used for coking small coal. The coke or coke-like substance
obtained is afterwards burnt in a smelting furnace; it may be an ordinary
blast furnace, such as is commonly used in smelting iron ore, and thus the
iron which the coke or coke-like substance contains is obtained in a metallic
state. The coke or coke-like substance may be used as part of the burden of
a blast furnace in which other ore is also being smelted; this will conveniently
be done where other iron ore can easily be obtained, and where the coal is not
sufficiently bituminous to agglomerate in coking as much of the finely divided
ore or material as it is capable of smelting. In place of mixing the finely
divided iron ore or material with bituminous coal it may be mixed with coke
dust and tar, or pitch, or other bituminous matter, and the mixture caused to
agglomerate by coking, and afterwards smelted.
The following mixture may conveniently be employed:-Eight parts of
finely divided ore, six parts of coke dust, and three parts of gas tar. The
materials are roughly mixed and charged into retorts like gas retorts; the
mixture is coked at a red heat. The coke or coke-like material so obtained
is employed as before. Borings and turnings of cast or wrought iron may also
in this way be worked up.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Outram, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
THOS. OUTRAM. (L.B.)