IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLAMPS FOR THE USE OF MOULDERS, BOOKBINDERS, AND OTHERS.
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Justice Brownhill, of the Firm of William Brownhill
and Sons, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Machinists and Ironfounders,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLAMPS FOR
THE USE OF MOULDERS, BOOKBINDERS, AND OTHERS.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Justice Brownhill at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1879.
JOHN JUSTICE BROWNHILL, of the Firm of William Brownhill and Sons, of
Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Machinists and Ironfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLAMPS FOR THE USE OF MOULDERS, BOOKBINDERS, AND
OTHERS."
My Invention has reference principally to the clamps used for clamping the
moulds used in casting metals, but my improvements in the manufacture of clamps
are also applicable to clamps used by bookbinders as well as to clamps generally.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a moulder's clamp. In making
one of the said clamps according to my Invention I construct an oblong frame of
iron, the two longer or upper and lower sides of the frame being made of open
ended iron tubes, and the shorter sides or ends of the said frame being made of
rods of iron. The ends of the said rods of iron are passed through holes made in
the tubes constituting the upper and lower sides of the frame, and are fixed by
rivetting. Or the ends of the frame may be made of tubes fixed in the upper and
lower tubes by rivetting or plugging. There is thereby, produced a strong but
light oblong frame capable of bearing the great pressure to which in use it is
subjected without flexure of the tubular upper and lower sides.
The clamping screws are made of screwed rods of iron having solid or tubular
cross heads for turning them, and the said screws engage in screwed holes in the
upper tubular side of the clamp. Where a very light iron tube is employed for
the upper side of the frame, those parts of the tube in which the screwed holes are
made may be strengthened by ferrules or collars fixed on the tubes at those parts.
The concave screws in the upper side of the frame in which the clamping screws
take or engage are in this case made in the metal both of the tube and the ferrules
or collars, and there is no risk of the threads of the concave screws stripping
under pressure. In ordinary cases however the said ferrules or collars are not
necessary.
The upper side of the tube constituting the lower side of the frame may be
flattened, so as to give it a broader bearing on the mould or article being clamped
than is obtained when the said tube is of a cylindrical figure. This flattening may
be given to the tubing in the process of manufacturing it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Justice Brownhill in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th
May 1880.
JOHN JUSTICE BROWNHILL, of the Firm of William Brownhill and Sons, of
Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Machinists and Ironfounders. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLAMPS FOR THE USE OF MOULDERS, BOOKBINDERS, AND
OTHERS."
My Invention has reference principally to the clamps employed for clamping the
moulds used in casting metals, but my improvements in the manufacture of
clamps are also applicable to clamps used by bookbinders as well as to clamps
generally.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a moulder's clamp. In making
one of the said clamps according to my Invention I construct an oblong frame, the
two longer or upper and lower sides of the frame being made of open ended iron
tubes, and the shorter sides or ends of the said frame being made of rods of iron.
The ends of the said rods of iron are passed through holes made in the tubes
constituting the upper and lower sides of the frame and are fixed by rivetting.
Or the ends of the frame may be made of tubes fixed in the upper and lower tubes
by rivetting or plugging. There is thereby produced a strong but light oblong
frame capable of bearing the great pressure to which in use it is subjected without
flexure of the tubular upper and lower sides.
The clamping screws are made of screwed rods of iron having solid or tubular
cross heads for turning them, and the said screws engage in screwed holes in the
upper tubular side of the clamp.
Where a very light iron tube is employed for the upper side of the frame, those
parts of the tube in which the screwed holes are made may be strengthened by
ferrules or collars fixed on the tubes at those parts. The concave screws in the
upper side of the frame in which the clamping screws take or engage are in this
case made in the metal both of the tube and the ferrules or collars, and there is no
risk of the threads of the concave screws stripping under pressure.
In ordinary cases however the said ferrules or collars are not necessary.
The upper side of the tube constituting the lower side of the frame may be
flattened, so as to give it a broader bearing on the mould or article being clamped
than is obtained when the said tube is of a cylindrical figure. This flattening may
be given to the tubing in the process of manufacturing it.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation, Figure 2 in end elevation, and Figure 3
in longitudinal section a moulder's clamp manufactured according to my Invention;
Figure 4 represents a portion of a clamp, the upper tubular side of which is
furnished with a strengthening ferrule or collar at the part where the clamping
screw works in it.
The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. a is the
upper tubular side; and b, the lower tubular side of the oblong frame of the clamp,
the ends of the said tubular sides a, b, being open; c, c, are the rods of iron by
which the said sides a, b, are connected together near their ends. The end iron
rods c, c, are passed through holes at e, e, made in the tubular sides a, b, and are
fixed by rivetting; f, f, are the clamping screws having cross heads for turning

page_text: them. The said screws f, f, engage in the screwed holes at g, g, in the upper tubular
side a of the clamp. For the purpose of strengthening those parts of the upper
tubular side a through which the clamping screws f, f, work, collars or ferrules
may be fixed on the outside of the part a, as illustrated in Figure 4, where the
strengthening collar or ferrule is marked h. In this case the collar h and the
tubular side a are screwed for receiving the clamping screw.
Instead of making the ends of the clamping frame of rods of iron c, c, the said
rods may be replaced by iron tubes, the said tubes being fixed in the upper and
lower tubular sides a, b, by rivetting the said end tubes in the holes in the said
sides a, b, or by expanding by means of plugs the open ends of the end tubes
in holes made in the upper and lower tubular sides a, b, the said plugs remaining
in the said end tubes.
The upper bearing side 63 of the lower tubular part 6 of the clamp may be
flattened to give it a broader bearing on the mould or article being clamped, as
seen in the cross section of Figure 1.
Figure 5 represents in front elevation, Figure 6 in end elevation partly in cross
section, and Figure 7 in longitudinal section another moulder's clamp manufactured
according to my Invention; Figure 8 is a part of the same.
In this clamp the upper tubular side a is loose and slides upon the end rods c, o,
which are screwed at their upper ends c, c, the lower ends of the said rods c, c,
being rivetted to the ends of the lower tubular side b of the clamp. The screwed
ends c², c³, of the end rods c, c, with the fly nuts h, h, working thereon constitute
the clamping screws of the clamp.
In using this construction of clamp the loose clamping side a is allowed to rest
on the mould or article to be clamped, and the fly nuts h, h, are advanced on the
screws c², c, until the said fly nuts bear against the said loose tubular side a, and
press it forcibly into contact with the article to be clamped. By withdrawing the
fly nuts h, h, from the loose clamping side a of the clamp, the pressure of the said
side on the article is relaxed and the clamp may be removed. As the inner sides
a², b², of both the parts a, b, of this clamp come in contact with the article to be
clamped, the said inner sides a², 62, may be flattened to give a broader bearing to
them. The clamp represented in Figures 5, 6, and 7 is especially fitted to be
used with a wooden moulding board, and the clamp represented in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4, with a moulding board made of steel or other hard metal, but I do not
limit myself to their use with moulding boards made of any particular material.
Instead of making the tubes and rods of which the frames of the clamps are
made of iron, they may be made of steel or of homogeneous metal.
Clamps for bookbinders and clamps generally may be manufactured in the
manner described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings with respect to
moulder's clamps.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention
of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Clamps for the Use of Moulders, Book-
binders, and others,"-
First. Making the said clamps of a strong and light oblong frame, the upper and
lower sides of the said frame being made of tubes of iron, steel, or homogeneous
metal, and the shorter sides or ends of rods or tubes of iron, steel, or homogenous
metal, the clamping screws working in screwed holes in the upper tubular side
of the clamp, substantially as herein before described and illustrated in Figures
1, 2, 3, and 4, of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Making the said clamps of a fixed bottom metallic tubular side, and a
loose upper metallic tubular side, the latter sliding upon screwed rods constituting
the ends of the clamp, fly, or other nuts screwing upon the upper ends of the
screwed rods bearing against and forcing the said loose upper side of the clamp

page_text: against the article to be clamped, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Justice Brownhill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
T. HOWARD STANLEY,
Solicitor,
Walsall.
JOHN JUSTICE BROWNHILL. (L.S.)