Improvements in and relating to Freezing or Refrigerating Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 29th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 30th Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Freezing or Refrigerating
Apparatus.
1, CHARLES SACHS of 16 Rue Drouot, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention, to which I have given the name of "the marvellous freezer," has
for its object an improved arrangement of freezing apparatus, the working of which
is based on the property which certain substances, or salts, possess of absorbing,
when dissolving, a considerable quantity of heat, and of being brought back by
means of heat to their former condition in order to allow of their being again
utilised.
My arrangement of apparatus can operate by using indiscriminately the various
salts which have the properties hereinbefore specified, but I employ preferably
nitrate of ammonia which is more easy to work with. As in this particular case
there is a partial decomposition of the salt by heat, and as, during this operation,
the same becomes acid and partially loses its power of absorbing as much heat in
order to dissolve in water, I employ artificial means for maintaining it as neutral as
possible, and in order to preserve for it to the greatest extent its power of absorbing
heat in dissolving into water.
In order to obtain this result and to preserve indefinitely to the nitrate of
ammonia its properties, I add thereto, when it is first used, a certain quantity of.
hydrochlorate of ammonia in such a way that the salt which I use is a mixture in
variable proportions of nitrate and hydrochlorate of ammonia; I further add
frequently and in small quantities hydrochlorate of ammonia alone, or mixed with
an alkaline salt, preferably a soluble alkaline carbonate.
My apparatus is composed of a reservoir containing the freezing salts into which
the dissolving liquid is conveyed by means of a tube perforated with holes, or
otherwise, in suitable proportions to produce the desired degree of cold. The
liquid may remain in the salt or be discharged by a suitable tube in proportion as
it arrives, and thus, by regulating its flow, any requisite degree of saturation of
the liquid may be obtained. The saturated liquid which runs away may be utilised
for causing cold in the room or vessel which contains the apparatus as well as the
salt reservoir during its dissolution. This same liquid is further employed for
preliminarily cooling by means of a worm or otherwise the dissolving liquid before
it reaches the salt. This liquid is brought by means of a suitable special tube
provided with a regulating tap. Owing to this arrangement, intense cold may be
obtained, whatever may be the initial temperature of the dissolving liquid.
After having thus cooled the dissolving liquid, the saturated liquid is conveyed
by means of a tube into an intermediate vessel, or into an evaporating pan, placed
on a furnace or otherwise, but capable of being placed on one. Thence, after
sufficient concentration, it runs by means of a syphon into crystallising vats in
which the salts crystallise and from which it is removed in order to be again
returned to the salt reservoir.
The mother liquors are collected by means of a suitable tap at the bottom of the
crystallising vat and returned by means of a bucket or other suitable means to the
evaporator. The evaporator may have a closed furnace with a casing, and a series
of evaporating discs or plates placed one above the other in such a way that a
missing segment of each plate is arranged respectively in an opposite direction to
that of the corresponding segment of the plate which immediately precedes or
follows it

page_text: The furnace being an absolutely closed one, the air drawn in by the draught
must necessarily pass over the heated discs whilst winding in and out of them.
The saturated or almost saturated liquid is supplied from an upper reservoir and
flows over all the discs before passing into the crystallising vats.
-
In conclusion I would point out that a freezing apparatus may be constructed
according to my invention by simply utilising the flow of the saturated liquid
without making use of worms.
A modified pattern of an apparatus for realising the same object but more
particularly applicable for domestic apparatus is formed of a closed vessel,
constituting a box or chest having walls made of substances which are bad
conductors of heat. This chest, which may have a door arranged in any suitable
manner, has in its upper part a reservoir containing the salt the dissolution of
which is to produce the reduction of temperature. In order that the salt itself
may be kept as cold as possible, this reservoir is placed within the chest itself
and is provided with projecting. pieces, the object of these latter being to increase
as much as possible the surface of the reservoir in contact with the chilled
chamber. In order to cause the water to flow as slowly as possible over the salt
contained in the reservoir, I make use of the following arrangement-
The water suitably cooled runs in a thin stream into the upper part of the
reservoir by means of a suitable tube, and from there it flows into an oscillating
distributor, which can revolve on its axis, and which contains two compartments
which are successively filled with the liquid, and then empty themselves when full
on a sieve having perforations provided with wicks which causes a regular and
continuous dripping of the liquid onto the salt, thus causing the latter to dissolve
slowly and regularly. The liquid, after the dissolution of the salt, escapes by 'a
tube arranged at the lower part of the reservoir and passes into a second chamber
where it may be used for producing ice in a water bottle or any other vessel, which
latter may be removed from above by means of a rod, for instance, by taking off
the lid of the chest. After having thus lost most of its negative calories, this
solution passes through a tube branching from the upper part of the second
chamber, into a chamber in the shape of a horse-shoe situated at the lower part of
the apparatus, and having in its interior a tube in the form of a worm through
which water brought from outside the vessel flows. This water is cooled by
contact with the saline solution, and is then conveyed by a suitable tube to the
first reservoir at the top of the chest, while the water containing the salt in
solution is conveyed to the evaporator and from thence to the crystallising vats.
Instead of the worm, any other suitable apparatus may be employed, which
operates as a vessel for changing temperatures.
I must also observe in .conclusion that it is of essential importance for the
apparatus to be worked successfully that the salts, the dissolving of which is to
produce the lowering of the temperature, must be themselves brought to as low a
temperature as possible, and that, for this object, the vessel which contains them
must be arranged in the chamber itself which forms the refrigerating apparatus.
On the other hand, it is equally important that the water which is to be used to
dissolve the salts shall itself be previously brought to as low a temperature as
possible, and it is of course advantageous to employ for this purpose, as is done
in this invention, the freezing power which the water, containing the salt in solution,
still possesses when it has effected its ostensible work, before being conveyed to the
evaporating pans. It is easily seen that the means which may be employed for
attaining this object are multiple, and I have only described the ones hereinbefore
enumerated as an example.
Dated this 17th dow of March 1893
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Freezing or Refrigerating
Apparatus.
I, CHARLES SACHS, of 16 Rue Drouot, Paris in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :---
My invention, to which I have given the name of "the marvellous freezer," has
for its object an improved arrangement of freezing apparatus, the working of which
is based on the property which certain substances,. or salts, possess of absorbing,
when dissolving, a considerable quantity of heat, and of being brought back by
means of heat to their former condition in order to allow of their being again
utilised.
,
My arrangement of apparatus can operate by using indiscriminately the various
salts which have the properties herein before specified, but I employ preferably
nitrate of ammonia which is more easy to work with. As in this particular case
there is a partial decomposition of the salt by heat, and as during this operation,
the same becomes acid and partially loses its power of absorbing as much heat in
order to dissolve into water, I employ artificial means for maintaining it as neutral
as possible, and in order to preserve for it to the greatest extent its power of
absorbing heat in dissolving into water.
In order to obtain this result and to preserve indefinitely to the nitrate of
ammonia its properties, 1 add thereto, when it is first used, a certain quantity of
hydrochlorate of ammonia in such a way that the salt which I use is a mixture in
variable, proportions of nitrate and hydrochlorate of ammonia; 1 further add
frequently and in small quantities hydrochlorate of ammonia alone, or mixed with
an alkaline salt preferably a soluble alkaline carbonate.
In order to allow of the invention being more easily understood, I will now refer
to the accompanying drawings, wbich show a specimen of the apparatus which I
employ for carrying out the object of my invention.
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of the whole of the apparatus,
Figure 2, a transverse sectional view of the chamber or receptacle containing the
apparatus,
Figure 3 a transverse section of the apparatus which serves
crystallisation of the salt,
Figure 4 a vertical sectional view and
to effect the
Figure 5 a sectional plan view on the line A B of Figure 4 of an evaporating
apparatus which may be employed in conjunction with my main apparatus.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 represent a longitudinal section a plan with the cover removed,
and a transverse sectional view respectively of a modification of the apparatus
realising the same object but more particularly applicable in the case of domestic
appliances.
Figure 9 is a detail view of a part of the last named apparatus.
My apparatus is composed of a reservoir B containing the freezing salts into
which the dissolving liquid is conveyed by means of a tube C perforated with holes,
or otherwise, in suitable proportions to produce the desired degree of cold. The
liquid may remain in the salt or be discharged by a suitable tube D in proportion
as it arrives, and thus, by regulating its flow, any requisite degree of saturation of
the liquid may be obtained. The saturated liquid which runs away may be utilized
for causing cold in the room or vessel A which contains the apparatus as well as
the salt reservoir during its dissolution. This same liquid is further employed for
preliminarily cooling by means of a worm or otherwise the dissolving liquid before
it reaches the salt. This liquid is brought by means of a suitable special tube

page_text: provided with a regulating tap E. Owing to this arrangement, intense com may
be obtained, whatever may be the initial temperature of the dissolving liquid.
After having thus cooled the dissolving liquid, the saturated liquid is conveyed
by means of a tube F into an intermediate vessel, or into an evaporating pan G
Thence,
placed on a furnace or otherwise, or capable of being placed on one.
after sufficient concentration, it runs by means of a syphon H into crystallising
vats I J in which the salts crystallise and from which it is removed in order to be
again returned to the salt reservoir.
.
The mother liquors are collected by means of a suitable tap K at the bottom of
the crystallising vat and returned by means of a bucket L or other suitable means
to the evaporator G.
The evaporator may as shown in Figures 4 and 5 be formed of a series of stages
or partitions E E E placed one above the other and heated by means of an
internal furnace F. The liquid flows continuously over these plates in succession.
F is the furnace which may be filled by an opening f at the top. f is the
opening for the ashpan. The liquid arrives by the tube C into the first basin E,
and flows by means of the outlet e into the lower stage E', from which an over-
flow el conveys it to the following stage E" and finally it reaches the pipe e"" which
conveys it into an outside vessel V where it is collected. Each partition or stage
has the form of a rim one part of which is cut away to allow of the liquid
overflowing. The air which is intended to produce the evaporation enters at G',
follows the direction of the arrows coming in contact with the upper surface of the
liquid, and finally reaches the lower part of the furnace which draws it in and
allows it to escape with the products of combustion at the top at H¹.
In conclusion I would point out that a freezing apparatus may be constructed
according to my invention by simply utilising the flow of the saturated liquid
without making use of worms.
A modified pattern of an apparatus for realising the same object but more
particularly applicable for domestic apparatus is shown in Figures 6, 7 and 8, and
is formed as before of a closed vessel A constituting a box or chest having walls
made of substances which are bad conductors of heat. This chest which may
have a door arranged as shown in A' or in any other suitable manner, has in its
upper part a reservoir B containing the salt the dissolution of, which is to produce
the reduction of temperature. In order that the salt itself may be kept as cold as
possible, this reservoir is placed within the chest itself and is provided with
projecting pieces c, the object of these latter being to increase as much as possible
In order to cause
the surface of the reservoir in contact with the chilled chamber.
the water to flow as slowly as possible over the salt contained in the reservoir B,
I make use of the following arrangement.
-
The water suitably cooled runs in a thin stream into the upper part of the
reservoir by means of a suitable tube C, and from there it flows into an oscillating
distributor which can revolve on its axis, e and which contains two compartments d
and which are successively filled with the liquid, and then empty themselves
when full on a sieve f2 having perforations provided with wicks f³ which causes a
regular and continuous dripping of the liquid onto the salt, thus causing the latter
to dissolve slowly and regularly. The liquid, after the dissolution of the salt,
escapes by a tube D arranged at the lower part of the reservoir and passes in the
direction of the arrow 7 into a second chamber R where it may be used for
producing ice in a water bottle or in any other vessel S, which latter may be
removed from above by means of a rod for instance, by taking off the lid A2 of
the chest. After having thus lost most of its negative calories, this solution,
always following the direction of the arrows m passes through a tube M branching
from the upper part of the second chamber, into a chamber N in the shape of a
horse-shoe situated at the lower part of the apparatus, and having in its interior a
tube in the form of a worm O, as shown in Figure 9, through which water brought
from outside the vessel flows in the direction of the arrow P. This water is cooled
by contact with the saline solution, and is then conveyed by the tube C to the first

page_text: reservoir at the top of the chest, while the water containing the salt in solution is
conveyed to the evaporator and from thence to the crystallising vats.
Instead of the worm O any other suitable. apparatus may be employed, which
operates as a vessel for changing temperatures.
I must also observe in conclusion that it is of essential importance for the
apparatus to be worked successfully that the salts, the dissolving of which is to
produce the lowering of the temperature, must be themselves brought to as low
a temperature as possible, and that, for this object, the vessel which contains
them must be arranged in the chamber itself which forms the refrigerating
apparatus.
On the other hand, it is equally important that the water which is to be used to
dissolve the salts shall itself he previously brought to as low a temperature as
possible, and it is of course advantageous to employ for this purpose, as is done in
this invention, the freezing power which the water, containing the salt in solution,
still possesses when it has effected its ostensible work, before being conveyed to the
evaporating pans. It is easily seen that the means which may be employed for
attaining this object are multiple, and I have only described the ones hereinbefore
enumerated as an example.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
°
1. Improvements in and relating to freezing or refrigerating apparatus,
characterised by the combination with the chamber or vessel in which it is desired
to maintain a. low temperature, of a second vessel intended to receive the salt, the
dissolving of which produces the lowering of the temperature, and of means whereby
it is maintained at the lowest possible temperature, the water which is intended to
dissolve the salts being also first lowered in temperature as much as possible, and
the solution of salts thus formed being afterwards concentrated and evaporated in
order to again obtain by crystallisation the original salts; substantially as herein-
before described and shown on the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination with a refrigerating chamber or vessel such as described in
Claim 1 having a vessel for containing the salts placed therein of a worm or other
sintable vessel for changing the temperature which (worm) serves to produce the
preliminary cooling of the water which is employed for dissolving the salts, by the
simultaneous circulation of the said water and the freezing liquid, substantially as
hereinbefore described and shown on the accompanying drawing.
3. In a refrigerating or freezing apparatus, an oscillating distributor which
enables the water to be distributed in a thin layer, and of a sieve having perforations
provided with wicks, or like appliances whereby the water is caused to fall in drops
over all the surface of the salt which is to be dissolved; substantially as herein-
before described, and shown on the accompanying drawings.
4. In combination with my improved freezing or refrigerating apparatus, an
evaporating and crystallising apparatus whereby the concentration of the saturated
liquid containing salt in solution is produced and the re-crystallisation of the salt
employed in order to allow of its being utilized for a fresh series of operations ;
substantially as herein before described and shown on the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 28th day of November 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.