IMPROVE- MENTS IN DOMESTIC STOVES, GRATES, AND COOKING RANGES AND THEIR CHIMNEYS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Smith, of Walmley, near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Civil Engineer and Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DOMESTIC STOVES, GRATES, AND COOKING RANGES AND THEIR
CHIMNEYS."
Sealed the 28th November 1879, and dated the 12th September 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1879.
JOHN SMITH, of Walmley, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer and Architect. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC STOVĖS, GRATES, AND
COOKING RANGES AND THEIR CHIMNEYS."
This Invention relates to improvements in domestic stoves, grates, and cooking
ranges and their chimneys.
According to my Invention the front of the smoke draught over the fire is con-
structed of tubular or other like form, and is brought down to within a certain
distance of the bars and fire chamber which are made to project, the opening to
the smoke draught being constructed in various forms for economizing the air
channel. The projecting tubular front is finished with a frieze and brackets, or
terminated aboze the smoke opening by a mansard, a conical, or a dome shaped
cover in bronze, steel, or nickle, the main draught being regulated by an adjusting
lever bar and quadrant action from the outside of the stove, and communicating
with a conically formed chimney valve of special form for contracting the smoke
channel. Inside this tubular front I make a telescopic ring or tube fitting its
inner surface closely, and made to slide inside and fall down to any given
height over the fire chamber to diminish or close the opening above the bar. This
inner tube is moved by a knob, and slot, and rack, and is furnished with a
suspending balance weight where required.
The bars are made to project and may be of special section for giving heat into
the apartment; the bars are made to attach to loose standards or by dog irons of
suitable design resting on the hearth, they can if desired be attached to a frame.
The lever action to raise or depress the bars and bottom grate as described in the

page_text: Specification of my previous Patent, No. 3313, of 1872, is here applied to reduce
the depth of the fire chamber or basket and to regulate the quantity of fuel.
The bars move in slots or grooves or between flanches or studs. The lever is
placed by the side or in front of the bars, or under the bottom of the grate with a
handle or poker socket for raising them by a notched rack being provided for
resting the lever in, or it may have a weight balance to sustain it. The back, the
sides, and a part of the bottom of the fire chamber in these stoves are constructed
in fire clay blocks curved and shaped to give all possible heat.
The fire chamber of this grate is also constructed on the principle of my
previously patented canopy flues and syphon draught, and acting upon vessels of
different forms to convey heated air or water to a higher level and for distributing
heat or water to any apartment through channels or ducts regulated by slide
valves attached.
These tubular canopied grates are made to stand outside the brickwork and
have circular flues made of iron or brick to convey the smoke and do not require
a recess or projecting breast.
The canopy and tubular fronted smoke flue is applied to all my ranges for
cooking with a constant open fire. The upcast draught from the ovens and boiler
(of iron) being placed on each side and made to communicate with the main
smoke flue at a high level, above the chimney valve, which is placed in the canopy,
the valve having a regulating lever and rack.
In my Invention I provide for hot closets or chambers in the canopies over the
fire extending on each side, these closets being heated by steam or heat from the
flues or from gas burners.
In my Invention for heating the cooking ovens, boilers, and chambers from one
fire, the fire chamber has two or more outlets and is divided by bottom grates,
the outlets communicating with channels. The heat is obtained from coal or
bituminous fuel, or coal and coke, and is placed in the fire box so constructed that
the heated gases are generated at the bottom of the fire chamber, and are conveyed
downwards and upwards, or taken by distinct channels or ducts round the ovens
or hearths at pleasure like gases from a retort.
These heated gases are impelled or moved forward by the peculiar position, size,
and construction of the syphon draughts.
The communicating ducts or channels are placed in various positions to receive
the upcast exhaust heat, sometimes by horizontal chambers under closets, and some-
times obliquely to main upcast.
I purpose applying my before mentioned lever action to all ranges by which
the fire bars are raised or depressed, to regulate the depth of fuel in the chamber,
and to adjust the shelf and bars to any level by the lifting lever. The upper
front bars of the fire chamber are made of upright ribs of steel or cast iron, these
riding in grooves or slots set in the cheeks, or in a frame of slots and grooves by
which the bars are made to slide between flanges cast thereon. The lever is
attached at one end with a pin, pivot, or fulcrum upon which it works on the
cheek on the frame or on the back plate, and passes under the bars resting on a
rack rest or "snug pins" fixed or cast on the cheek or frame; the lever which
may be hinged can be placed at any angle with the bars. The hot plates for my
cooking ranges have great lightness and strength, and to give greater heating
surface the under side is formed with curved ribs or corrugations in cast iron, or
fitted with panels of steel plates in compartments, or of wrought iron or copper
heating wells for pans to be fixed therein.
.
'
The range front projects from the walls from 9 to 12 inches, and have rounded
ends and front of 90 degrees or less on the end; the back and the chimney flues
of the ranges are made to stand free of the brickwork to form an independent stove in
the centre or side of the kitchen.
These ranges can be adapted for various cooking appliances, also of my own
Invention, such as,-
1. A moveable shelf fitted on the upper fire bar, the shelf containing in itself a

page_text: loose fitting pivot panel which when open receives sundry conveniences for
cooking by which articles are suspended before the hot bars.
2. A tray for toasting bread.
3. A tray with hooks and gravy trough for grilling. bacon, kidneys, chops, and
steaks.
4. A horizontal grid suspended at any height over the fire with adjusting rack
in front of canopy to lift up or down.
5. A laundry plate for heating sad irons.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th March
1880.
JOHN SMITH, of Walmley, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Civil
Engineer and Architect. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOMESTIC STOVES, GRATES, AND
COOKING RANGES AND THEIR CHIMNEYS."
This Invention relates to the construction of tubular grates, and chimneys'
draughts and appliances as hereafter set forth and as shown in the annexed
Drawings, and the objects to be obtained thereby are economy of heat,
more perfect distribution of heat for the purpose of warming apartments or
cooking and preparing food, providing the means by which the passage of heat
from the rooms can be checked and the draught brought under perfect control,
providing at the same time ventilation without passing the air through the fuel
into the chimney and allowing the heat to radiate, and checking and reducing
the consumption of coal. Also a special arrangement invented for improvement
in the heating of baking and roasting ovens, hot water and steaming boilers, by
which arrangement and position of the draughts on each side and at the back of
the fire chamber, at such levels whereby the fuel is converted into hydrogen and
nitrogen gas, and the heated currents of gas are conveyed or drawn through
apertures at a fixed level into channels or ducts both under and over the ovens at
pleasure, every particle of consumable matter being utilized and converted into
heat to ensure greater intensity than any manufactured coal gas can do.
For heating rooms the object of the Invention has been to place in the hands of.
the public a mode of construction which shall enable the architect to place the
fire in the most advantageous position for the general convenience and purposes of
the apartment, placing the grate on the face of the wall with its fire chamber pro-
jecting its full depth into the apartments and obtaining the maximum amount
of heat.
For this purpose the front part of the grate is constructed of tubular form and
partakes of several figures, that is to say, circular, segmental, 8 sided, polygonal, or
square, this tube is continued down to the fire bars and chamber. The opening to.
form the draught is moulded into a cusped trefoil arch with a pointed O, G, head
in the centre of the draught, the draught head to be a point or apex of an angle

page_text: of any kind, to vary in height according to the nature of the draught required
and the purposes which the grate has to perform.
N.B. These bars are specially designed for radiation and economical use of the
fuel.
The grates shown in the following figures are improvements invented to add to
and amalgamate and combine with those of a former Patent granted to me on the
8th November in the year 1872, No. 3313, and combine the essential parts thereof
for the tubular draughts and other arrangements and appliances for heating and
cooking and regulating the depth of the fire bars by lever action.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 represent sections of parts of a cooking range having baking
and roasting ovens with the inverted channels and ducts for conveying the
heat to the ovens and boilers, as also the canopy over fire chamber for smoke flue
and ventilation, and removal of all steam from pans on hearths.
Figure 1, cross section through fire chamber; A is the fire chamber; B, B, side
flues or apertures to side and descending flues and ducts; S, fire bars made to
slide; T, moveable bottom bars of grate; U, fixed bottom grate; F, F, descending
draught ducts or chambers leading to flues J, J, under the ovens, and controlled by
hit and miss slides C, C, or other open and shut movements.
R, R, is a corrugated ribbed hot plate of special construction for giving off great
heat. The stove may be fitted with loose panels of various forms and material for
the purpose of boiling, stewing, and steaming by pans and vessels.
L'is the canopy smoke draught with flue regulator N made to open and shut by
rod and rack 0, 0, or by a quadrant as required.
M is the smoke flue; Q. Q, up cast from ovens, boilers, and descending draughts
controlled and regulated by slide valves K.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section with the same parts and reference letters, this
giving a representation of closet, ovens, and flues for heating by steam or by the
heat from the fire conveyed thereto; V, V, V, ovens and closets on each side
of canopy; W, W, are the flues above or below or through the centre of the ovens.
Figure 3 represents the same fire chamber and side apertures, bars, and hot
plates with same letters of reference as in Figures 1 and 2. This Figure shows the
application of heat to boiler for hot water and steam boiler with a down action,
the heat passing through the chambers G, G, to channels H, H, beneath each oven
to the upcast. Flues are made to side of the canopy X with a feather valve
at Y to heat closet V.
Figures 4, 5, and 6 represent elevation and plans of a cooking cabinet made
of various sizes upon the same principle of the open fire and tubular canopy
draught.
Figure 4. C is the fire chamber. The fire bars are lifted or depressed as at D, D,
by lever with or without the bottom bars or grate under the fuel. This lever is
shown in the Specification of my former Patent, and is described as belonging to
one grate but is now improved, to be applied to all, either in line of the front bars
or placed immediately underneath and hinged or hung on pivot F, or journaled
behind the ash grate.
C, C, are sliding fire bars with lever hung on pin working in a slot at E for
dropping the bars 3 inches and more if required. The lever is supported on a
rack G on side cheek at front as to adjust the bars to any given height or level.
H is the canopy smoke draught; I, I, up cast flues controlled by valves J, J ;
K, K, hot plates over oven and boiler with under surface corrugated, and having
loose panels as in Figure 1, 2, and 3; L are the loose panels; M, M, boilers;
W, oven; B, B, draughts on each side and descending arrangements as described
for Figures 1, 2, and 3.
N, N, are hot closets and baking ovens to be heated by coal fire through the
flues I, I, and X, or by steam or gas jets as may be best for the purpose.
Figures 5 and 6 show C the fire bars; D, the lever; G, the rack rest; S, the
bottom grate; J, I, upcast flues; J, J, regulators; K, K, are hot hearths; L, L,
loose panels; N, N, ovens and closets fitted for gas or steam as required.

page_text: Figure 7 shows the fluted corrugated heating surface underneath the bot plates
with V, loose plate or panel of thin material of iron, copper, tin, or steel.
Figure 8 shows the adjusting fire bars with lever.
C, bars; D, D, lever; E, E, bars up; F, F, bars down; G, pivot pin; H, slot
pin; I, rest; J, hobs of range.
Figure 9 shows shelf and loose panels to work on pivots or take out to receive
cooking appliances, Figures 16 and 17.
S is the shelf supported by pins and iron cut brackets to take on and off;
T, loose hinged panel.
Figure 10 represents the lever G, G, G, for lifting the bars placed underneath as
in former Patent.
C, C, C, are bars; D, bottom grate; E, hobs.
Figure 11 is the rack for front of canopy for receiving appliances, Figures 12
and 13, and lowering kettles and pans on to the fire and grilling thereon; D, D,
slide; H, handle; S, S, spring dog catch; T, rack.
Figure 12, gridiron; Figure 13, kettle horse.
Figure 14, sway bar with movable bar having a slot down centre to work
hanging hook to and fro, and a shouldered pin to work into the notches of bar, and
lift higher or lower.
K, K, slotted bar; H, hook; P, shouldered pin; Q, pin or swivel.
Figure 15, same enlarged section.
Figure 16, B, B, is a flat or half round light bar with bow handle C and
wires D, D, bent therein to receive bread for toasting.
Figure 17, the same handle and wires but to receive hooks E, E, and a trough G
for toasting kidneys, bacon, chops, or steaks.
Figures 19 and 20 show the ash pan R and cinder sifter T for ranges and other
grates.
R is pan front and form thereof; S is drawer or ash box, with T, cinder sifter to
lift out or put in with hook handles.
Figure 21 is a grooved hot plate to place over oven fire chamber for heating
sad irons.
My method of constructing or arranging parlour and other like stoves is repre-
sented in the following Figures:-
Figure 22 is an elevation of a canopy stove with mansard top and with tubular
front fixed on a frame F, F, or a plate E, E.
A is the fire chamber; B, the bars of the form shown, or straight or any other
form attached to the frame or made to slip into slot holes in frame F, F, or
plate E, E; C, the back; D, the canopy and top; F, F, frame; E, E, plate; J is
the valve regulator; L, the bottom grate on solid fire brick slab; I, chimney valve
regulated by rod J from the outside.
Figure 23 is a section showing the same stove with frame F, F, and back plate
E, E; B, the bars; C, the back; D, canopy top; G, valve regulator, rod, or quad-
rant; I, chimney valve regulated by bar and stops at J, Figure 24; L is the
bottom grate and fire brick.
Figure 24 represents an elevation of the canopy front with a rounded or dome
top fixed on plate and frame bars valve as in Figures 22 and 23.
Figure 25 is a section of the same.
Figure 26 represents the tubular canopy fixed on a frame, and having a pro-
jecting frieze and shelf circular in centre, and with jambs forming a curb for tiles
requiring no further chimney piece. This grate is also made with circular valve
for circular flue over it as indicated at W, W, projecting from the wall requiring
no breast or projection; A is the fire chamber; B, canopy front; C, smoke flue;
D; valve, and E, regulator rod slide; F, back; G, bottom grate; H, frieze;
I, shelf; J, jambs; K, telescopic sliding draw plate; I, I, bars.
Figure 27, section of same.
Figure 28 represents the canopy-tubular-front with side flue boxes and air
chambers behind for the purpose of heating air to be taken out of the apartment or

page_text: conveyed into bed or other rooms. The side flues are also supplied with copper
or other pipes for heating and circulating heat through water or steam.
A represents the fire chamber and bottom grate which may be varied to any
other form for the desired purpose.
:
B, the fire bars and lever lifting bar; C, front or face of frame of grate; D, D,
heat flues in cast or wrought iron; E, E, flues for heating air; F, F, pipes for
heating water; G, back, which may be of any modified form; S, S, sliding telescopic
blower; R, rod to chimney valve.
Figure 29 shows a section; H, side flues from fire chamber; J, chimney valve;
K, lever for lifting or depressing the fire bars by which the depth of chamber can
be reduced; S, S, telescopic blowers.
Figure 31 represents the tubular chimney in connection with a heating cabinet
for producing heat and circulating the same through halls, schools, public, or large
rooms. It is supplied with fresh air from the exterior which is brought through
ducts and channels and passes through "Gills" and "Cockles" which are heated by
the syphon flues and smoke draft, the heat is then given off and dispersed high
on the walls and diseminates itself through pipe and flue. These cabinets are
capable and are intended to extend the hot air or water for heating purposes to a
higher level. If pipes (water or steam) are used a small boiler takes the place of
the cockle.
Figure 32 is a plan of same.
A is the fire chamber; B, bottom grate; C, canopy; D, open smoke flue; E, regu-
lating valve; F, fire bars; G, flues for heating cockle; H, upcast syphon flues;
J, hot air chambers; K, hob; V, water pipes; M, hot air outlet; N, cold air flues
from fresh sourse; 0, cockle; L, L, syphon side inlet to flues; P, P, telescopic
blower.
The circular centre canopy flue can be continued in brick as high up as the
ceiling and cornice of the apartment or room, or constructed in terra cotta tubes.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,----
First. The construction and arrangement of domestic stoves, grates, and cooking
ranges and their chimneys as herein before described and shown in the annexed
Drawings, and acting for the purpose set forth.
:
-
Secondly. I claim the construction and arrangement of cooking range shown in
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the annexed Drawings for the purposes set forth.
Thirdly. I claim the construction and arrangement of cooking cabinet shown in
Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the annexed Drawings for the purposes set forth.
Fourthly. I claim the construction and arrangement of the parlour or like stoves
represented in Figures 22 to 27 inclusive, acting in the manner for the purposes
set forth.
Fifthly. I claim the heat producing and distributing cabinets represented in
Figures 28 to 32 inclusive of the annexed Drawings.
Sixthly. I claim the adaptation of the various details shown in Figures 7 to 21
inclusive to the ranges or grates for the several purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Smith, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.