Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 1st Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 5th Jan., 1887.
I, CHRISTIAN HANSEN of 11 Peder Skramsgade Copenhagen, Denmark Chemist
and Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:—
The heretofore usual forms of rennet have the defect of not keeping being unable to
sufficiently withstand the dissolving or deleterious effects of the influences of the
atmosphere and of temperature whereby the material is soon deprived of its coagulating
effect on Milk. Further material defects arise also with the forms heretofore known
by the loss of time and material occasioned in the transport and use of the rennet.
According to my Invention I obviate the above defects by rendering the rennet into
a new form in which it is not at all deleteriously affected by atmospheric influences,
so that its active properties are never interfered with thereby, while admitting of
convenient transport and avoiding the heretofore necessary weighing or measuring in
the use of the material. The objects of the Invention are attained by rendering
mixed rennet ferment material in combination with inert materials into a closely
compressed condition by the application of strong machinery whereby the inert
materials firmly enclose the rommet ferment material and thus preserve it against the
said deleterious outer influences. The single pieces may also after the compression
being closed by an envelope of an inert material soluble in water and then be compressed
again, whereby the rennet ferment material of course is protected still more securely.
The size proportions of the moulds may at the same time be so chosen that the
compressed pieces correspond to the quantities of milk to be treated and may be
counted off as required instead of being measured or weighed. This is easily done
empirically, thus avoiding the heretofore usual losses of time and material caused by
opening of the bottles of cases, and preventing also the deterioration caused by the
contact of the cheese rennet in a liquid or pulverized form with the air.
The materials for the inert admixture or preserving envelope may of course be of
many different kinds, the important point in all cases being that the mixture should be
exposed to strong compression by machinery in order to bring it into the required
condensed condition or form and prevent it from falling to pieces afterwards.
TD 11

page_text: As an example I may dissolve rennet ferment holding organs with pepsin in
acidulated water at about 40° C. (104° F) the slime and cellular parts remaining
undissolved, so that the liquid of solution mainly only contains peptonised albuminous
substances besides the rennet material. To prevent decomposition boracic acid or
equivalent material may be added. The solution is then cleared filtered and precipitated
in the known manner. The precipitate is filtered off pressed dried and pulverized,
mixed with salt, sugar or other suitable inert substance soluble in water and then
exposed to a strong compression so that thus the rennet ferment material is brought
into intimate combination with the inert material and enveloped and protected thereby
in the resulting strongly condensed piece form.
When to be used the pieces are dissolved in water and then added to the milk in the
usual way.

page_text: Improvements in the Treatment of Rennet.
I CHRISTIAN HANSEN of 11, Peder Skramsgade, Copenhagen, Denmark, Chemist
and Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The heretofore usual forms of rennet have the defect of not keeping, being unable
to sufficiently withstand the dissolving or deleterious effect of the influences of the
atmosphere and of temperature, whereby the material is soon deprived of its coagulating
effect on milk. Further material defects arise also with the forms heretofore known by
the loss of time and material occasioned in the transport and use of the rennet.
According to my invention I obviate the above defects by rendering the rennet into
a new form in which it is not at all deleteriously affected by atmospheric influences,.
so that its active properties are never interfered with thereby, while admitting of
convenient transport and avoiding the heretofore necessary weighing or measuring in
the use of the material. The objects of the invention are attained by rendering the
rennet ferment mixed or in combination with inert materials into a closely compressed
condition by the application of strong machinery, whereby the inert materials firmly
enclose the rennet ferment and thus preserve it against the said deleterious outer
influences. The single pieces may also after the compression be enclosed by an envelope
of an inert material soluble in water and then be compressed again, whereby the
rennet ferment of course is protected still more securely. The size proportions of the
moulds may at the same time be so chosen that the compressed pieces correspond to
the quantities of milk to be treated and may be counted off as required instead of being
measured or weighed. This is easily done empirically thus avoiding the heretofore
usual losses of time and material caused by opening of the bottles or cases, and
preventing also the deterioration caused by the contact of the cheese rennet as
heretofore made in a liquid or pulverized form with the air.
The materials for the inert admixture or preserving envelope may of course he of
many different kinds, the important point in all cases being that the mixture should be
exposed to strong compression by machinery in order to bring it into the required
condensed condition or form and prevent it from falling to pieces afterwards.
The compression process is applicable to rennet powder in whatever way it may have
been produced and mixed with inert material but as an example I may dissolve
rennet ferment holding organs with pepsin in acidulated water at about 40° C. (104° F.)
the slime and cellular parts remaining undissolved. The acid used may suitably be
sulphuric or hydrochloric acid. The liquid of solution will mainly contain peptonised
albuminous substances and pepsin besides the pure rennet ferment. To prevent decom-
position about 1 per cent of boracic acid or equivalent material may be added or I may
use a weak boracic acid solution in the first instance. The solution is then cleared,
filtered and precipitated in the known manner or as I prefer it by adding common salt.
The precipitate contains not only rennet ferment and pepsin but also peptonised
matters which are developed through the chemical process mentioned and these serve to
protect the rennet ferment and pepsin, which latter two substances serve to coagulate

page_text: the milk. The precipitate is gathered, the acid neutralised with alkali, and after being
pressed, dried and powdered is mixed with so much salt, sugar or other suitable inert.
substance soluble in water, as that a fixed quantity of powder will coagulate a
determined quantity of milk. The powder is then exposed to a strong compression so
that thus the rennet ferment is brought into intimate combination with the other
organic matters developed and precipitated through the chemical process as well as with
the inert material and is enveloped and protected thereby in the resulting strongly
condensed piece form.
I might as a modification use the aforesaid pulverized intimate mixture of rennet
ferment, pepsin and inert material in measured packages or "powders" as an article of
commerce but I greatly prefer to use it in the form of highly compressed pieces of
definite size or weight as described.
As already stated the compressed pieces may further be enveloped in inert material
soluble in water and then be compressed again for more complete protection of the
rennet against deterioration.
When to be used the pieces or "powders" are dissolved in water and then added to
the milk in the usual way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:
1. The manufacture of rennet mixed with inert material into pieces of definite size
or weight by compression substantially as described.
2. The manufacture of rennet in a pure form and in mechanical intimate admixture
with pepsin and inert substances soluble in water, by dissolving the rennet containing
material with pepsin in a weak acid solution at about 40" C. then clearing, filtering and
precipitating the solution obtained by preference by means of salt, then gathering the
precipitate, neutralising, pressing and drying it, and then after admixture with salt,
sugar or other suitable inert material pulverizing, and then highly compressing it into
forms of definite weight or size substantially as described and for the purpose of
protecting the rennet against deterioration and facilitating its application.
3. The manufacture of rennet into compressed pieces of definite size or weight as
secondly claimed, such pieces being then enveloped in inert material under further
compression substantially as described and for the purpose of more completely
protecting the rennet against deterioration.
CHRISTIAN HANSEN.
By Jensen & Son,
Patent Agents,
77, Chancery Lane,
London, W.C.