without Scam or Joinings
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEGER
DIDOT, of Prospect Place, Edgware Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, on or about the Twentieth
day of April, in the forty-first year of His reign, give and grant unto John
Gamble, then of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex, his exors,
adiiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that he, the said John Gamble, his exors, adññors, and assigns,
should and lawfully might, during the term of years therein mentioned, make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, an Invention communicated to him by a certain Foreigner
of a Machine for Making Paper in Single Sheets without Scam or Joinings,
from One to Twelve Feet and upwards Wide, and from One to Forty Feet
and upwards in Length; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a
proviso, that if the said John Gamble should not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and
cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become
void; and the said John Gamble did, in compliance with the said proviso,
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same was to be performed, and did cause the same to be enrolled

page_text: in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within the limitted time in such
Letters Patent, as by reference to the said Letters Patent and Specification
will more fully and at large appear: And whereas His said Majesty did, by
other Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster on or about the Seventh
day of June, in the forty-third year of His reign, give and grant unto the
said John Gamble, his exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that he, the said John Gamble,
his exors, adiiors, and assigns, should and. lawfully might, during the
term of years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all
His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, a further communication
made to him by a certain Foreigner, of an Invention of Certain Improve-
ments on, and Additions to, a Machine for Making Paper in Single Sheets,
without Seam or Joinings, from One to Twelve Feet and upwards Wide,
and from One to. Forty Feet and upwards in Length; in which said Letters
Patent there is also contained a proviso, that if the said John Gamble should
not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said last-mentioned
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under his hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
should utterly cease, determine, and become void; and the said John Gamble
did, in compliance with the said proviso, describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and did
cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within the time limitted in such Letters Patent, as by reference to such Letters
Patent and Specification will more fully and at large appear: And whereas
by an Act of Parliament passed in the forty-seventh year of the reign of His
said Majesty, entituled An Act for prolonging the Term of certain Letters
Patent assigned to Henry Fourdrinier and Sealy Fourdrinier, for the In-
vention of Making Paper by Means of Machines, it was enacted, amongst
other things, that the sole privilege, right and authority, of making, using, and
vending the said improved machine within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, and in His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
should, from and after the passing of the said Act, be, and the same was
thereby declared to be vested in the said Henry Fourdrinier, Sealey Fourdrinier,
and John Gamble, their exors, adññiors, and assigns, for and during the termi

page_text: of fifteen. years from thenceforth next ensuing, being an addition of seven
years or thereabouts to the term granted by the said Letters Patent, dated
on or about the Twentieth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and one;
and it was further enacted, that if the said Henry Fourdrinier, Sealy Four-
drinier, and John Gamble, or such of them as should be living for the time
being, or the exors or adûiors of the survivor of them, should not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said machine and Invention in the
present improved state thereof. and in what manner the same machines was
to be made and used in such improved state, and also in what manner the
work to be done thereby was to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under the hand and seal, or hands and seals, of the parties or party executing
the same, and if such parties or party should not cause the same to be enrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery in England within six calendar
months immediately after the day of passing of the said Act, then the said
Act, and the extended term thereby granted, and also the privileges and
advantages thereby given and granted, should be void, as by the said Act and
Specification, referrence being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear; and the said Henry Fourdrinier, Sealey Fourdrinier, and John
Gamble, or one or more of them, did, in compliance with the proviso in the
said Act contained, describe and ascertain the nature of the said improved
machine, and in what manner the same was to be made and used, and the
work to be done thereby was performed and worked, and cause the same to
be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within the time
limitted in such Act of Parliament mentioned: And whereas His said Majesty
did, by other His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster on or about the
Twenty-fourth day of July, in the forty-sixth year of His reign, give and grant
unto the said Henry Fourdrinier, then of Sherborne Lane, in the City of
London, Stationer and Paper Maker, his exors, adñors, and assigns, His
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that he, the said
Henry Fourdrinier, his exors, adñors, and assigns, should and lawfully might,
during the term of years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in
all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, an Invention communi-
cated to him by a certain Foreigner, of the Method of making a Machine
for Manufacturing Paper of an indefinite Length, Laid and Wove, with sepa-
rate Moulds; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that
if the said Henry Fourdrinier should not particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be

page_text: performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause
the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the-said Letters Patent,
that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void; and the said
Henry Fourdrinier did, in compliance with the said proviso, describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed; and did cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within the time limitted in such Letters Patent, as by reference to the
said Letters Patent and Specification, will more fully and at large appear: And
whereas His said Majesty did,' by other His Letters Patent under the Great
Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of June, in the fifty-second year of His reign;
give and grant unto me; the said Leger Didot, (son of Pierre Francois Didot
the younger, of Paris, Printer,) late of Paris, but then residing at Two
Waters, in the County of Hertford, the original Inventor of Certain Ma-
chines for making Wove "and Laid Paper, such Inventions having been
communicated by me to the said John Gamble and Henry Fourdrinier, and
who am the Foreigner referred to in the several Patents obtained by them),
my exors, adñors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege,
and authority, that I, the said Leger Didot, my exors, adûiors, and assigns,
should and lawfully might, during the term of years therein mentioned, make,
use; exercise, and vend, within England, Wales; and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN OTHER IMPROVEMENTS UPON THE SAID
MACHINES FOR MAKING BOTH WOVE AND LAID PAPER;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said Leger Didot, shall not
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all
liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease,
determine, and become void, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto
had) may more fully and at large appear:
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Leger Didot, do hereby declare, that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained as follows, that is to say:-
The Drawings hereunto annexed: Fig. 1 is a view of the improved machine

page_text: for making paper upon moulds of the common form, being of that kind of
description of drawing which is called orthorgraphic; but with regard to the
moulds and parts immediately appertaining thereto, the same may be considered
as a vertical section thro' the middle of the said moulds; and Fig. 2 is an
orthographic view of the same machine, of the nature of a ground plan.
And I do farther declare, that there are several parts of the said machinery
shewn in one or other of the said Drawings, but not capable of being per-
spicuously shewn or needful to be shewn in the other, but that the two
Drawings, taken together, are so made, as was best calculated to exhibit and
explain my said improvements, and that the same letters and figures denote
one of the same thing in each Drawing. A denotes a wheel upon the same
shaft with a water wheel or first mover. It drives a wheel B, and the
wheel B drives a wheel C, on the same arbor with another wheel D, and with
the contrate wheel E, which may be thrown into gear with and will drive H,
(the lower pressing roller); and the wheel D drives F, which last drives the
wheel G upon the same arbor as carries two cylindrical plain-faced wheels I, I,
which support and give motion to two endless chains passing also round
toothed or studded wheels upon one arbor at K, K; and the wheel C drives
the wheel M, upon the arbor of which last are certain drum wheels, or wheels
to work straps, lettered respectively N and O and P; and the strap wheel N
drives the arbor a, upon which is a fly wheel b, and which works two air
pumps d, d; and a pulley on the arbor a works the connecting shaft c*,
which drives the circular washing brush 7. And the strap wheel O drives the
drum R, which from one end of its arbor drives the drum ; and upon the
arbor of this last is a wheel Y, which drives the contrate wheel, and turns
the upright axis of the agitator in the circular vat 1, 1. And at or near the
other end of the arbor of the drum R is a wheel R*, which drives the flat
horizontal wheel S, by friction of the surfaces together. And the velocity of
S is rendered greater or less, by setting or adjusting the position of the
wheel Re nearer to or farther from the vertical axis of S, and by means of
the crank, upon this last of which the arm is also adjustable in length, and the
connecting bar T, a cross agitation to any required extent is given to the
frame 26, 27, which carries the moulds, as herein-after to be shown. And
the strap wheel P drives the arbor or axis of the circular washing brush Q.
Upon the arbor of C, there is also another strap wheel f which drives 9,
and turns a scoop wheel h, h, formed of radiated tubes open at each end,
which raise the redundant pulp (which flows into m) up into the receptacle
and conductor n, by which the same is conveyed to r, and thence to the vat.

page_text: N, 1, 1, denotes a circular vat, which is supplied with pulp or paper stuff
from the feeding vat r, which last is supplied by the workman with thick
pulp, and also with water from 2 to bring the same to a due consistence.
The agitator L is constantly kept in circulation and suspends the pulp, which
is conveyed thro' 3 into the receptacle 4, provided with a stop or dia-
phragm 5, over which the said pulp quietly and regularly flows into 6, and
thence over the bridge 7 into 8; and thence over the bridge or stop 9 against
the check 10, and over 11 and under 12, where it is delivered over the
lip 13 upon the mould 14, as this last passes along; and the lip 13 is so
suspended by hinges or joints, that it rises when the deckle or rim of the
mould passes unler it, and afterwards settles to a position so as to deliver
the paper stuff very near to, and with no perceptible fall upon, the wires of
the mould. No. 15, 16, are two or more hanging pieces or blades to break
any bubbles which may casually be found in the fluid, deposited upon the
moulds as they pass along. No. 17, 19, 21, Fig. 1, are certain guide wheels
placed in two rows to direct the moulds, as more clearly seen in Fig. 2; and
the said moulds are affixed or attached to the chains by pivots proceeding
from the moulds on each side, as shewn by the dot in the middle of each,
Fig. 1, and the same move along upon wheels or rollers on the sides of two
iron bars, composing a frame 26, 27. No. 18 and 20 are moulds in their
progress; and 22 is a mould which has arrived upon the table or platform 33,
beneath which is the pipe 25, 25, which communicats with the air pumps d, d,
and, by aspiration thro' the hole 24, draws away suddenly a great part of the
moister of the newly formed sheet of paper, which is conducted to 26. And I
do apply and use the said air pump and platform in like manner, beneath the
endless cloth or revolving web of the machines or machinery for which the
Letters Patent herein-before recited were given and granted. No. 28 and 29
are moulds passing round the wheels I, I; and No. 63 and 29
for catching the drops of water which may fall from the same.
a mould (of which the deckles having been thrown back from the face by
the bars 29) just beginning to have its face pressed against the couching
cylinder 31, by the reaction of the pressing cylinder 32, which is supported
and urged downwards by the loaded lever 32*, and by this means the sheet
of paper is left attached to the endless webb 42. No. 33, 34, 35, and 36, are
moulds, from which the paper having been couched, are in progress towards
the vat, and are supported or kept in due course and direction by the guiding
bars 62; and No. 37 is a mould, which is in the act of passing round the
wheel K, where it undergoes a washing by means of water which constantly
are receptacles
No. 30 is

page_text: overflows from the small cistern 40, supplied by the pipe and cock 41. No. 42
represents the coaching felt, which is endless, and passes over the couching cylin-
der 31, and round the leading roller 43 to the pressing rollers H and 50, between
which it passes and proceeds to the roller 45, and thence to the returning roller 46,
where it is washed by water from 48, and brushed by the brush 7, and pressed
by the roller 47. No. 58 is a chain for keeping the couching felt duly stretched.
No. 51 is the lower felt, which is also endless, and passes over an adjustable
roller 44, which brings it very near the couching felt, and by that means
gradually compresses any blisters which may be on the face of the whet sheet
before the same arrives at H, 50; the pressing rollers and the said felts con-
tinue to move near each other till they arrive at the roller 45, after which
the sheet of paper proceeds, either by the couching felt to 66, or by the
lower felt towards the returning roller 52, in either of which places it is taken
off by an attendant, and the said lower felt returns onwards to the roller 58,
where it is washed by water from 56 supplied thro' 57, and brushed by the
brush Q, and pressed by the roller 54 against 55. No. 59 shows a weight
for keeping the lower felt in a due state of tension. No. 60 is the pipe for
washing the felts and moulds. No. 61, 61, &c., shew certain guide wheels
which hold out the edges of the felt to a due tension, the said edges being
for that purpose armed with leather, as shewn in Fig. 2. No. 62 is the
leader for returning the moulds. No. 63 is the receptacle for drops of water
from 28. No. 64 is one of two upright bars or supports for the frame 26, 27,
which carries the moulds, and the said bars have a joint at each end to admit
of the cross motion of agitation from T, for which purpose there is also an
upright pivot and cross axis at 27 (see both Figures). No. 65 is a trough
which receives the paper stuff from the vat in the intervals between the succes-
sive arrivals of the moulds, and also part of the water water from the moulds,
and conveys the same thro' m to the scoop wheel h. No. 66, 67, 68, shews
the apparatus for throwing the wheels into gear at No. 38 is a side
bar, which along with another perfectly similar on the opposite side of the
frame 26, 27, does meet with, and by its reaction, raises up the side deckles
or rims of the moulds as they severally pass, and the same are afterwards
kept up by the rollers 17, &c., until the arrival of 24, and for this purpose
the said side deckles are constructed and made with hinges, and are respec-
tively connected with crank work or otherwise with the said deckles, so
that all the deckles are put on or taken off or withdrawn from the face of
the mould at the same time; and the said deckles are made higher, and the
end deckles lower and flatter, as are seen in the Figure; and farther, the
E.

page_text: opening or withdrawing of the deckles previous to couching is performed by
the bars 39 in the like manner. And the nature and effect of the operation
to be performed by the said machinery may be thus concisely described:-
(1) the vat is supplied with paper stuff in a fit state to be manufactured;
(2) the same is suspended by the agitator, (3) and delivered to the successive
receptacles, where it is deprived of all eddy or irregular motion, and (4) deli-
vered to the moulds, have their deckles raised; (5) and the moulds move
along the agitated frame, (6) depositing their water trough beneath, (7) which
trough also conveys away the superfluous paper stuff; (8) and the moulds
proceed along to the platform of the air pump, which (9) is constantly at
work; and (10) then they deposite more of the water, which runs down the
conducting pipe into a vessel beneath; (11) and the moulds in succession
arrive at the couching cylinder, (12) and give off their paper, which (13) is
carried by the webs to the pressing cylinders, and (14) afterwards taken off
by the attendant; and (15) the felts are constantly washed and brushed clean,
and (16) the moulds washed clean between every successive charge they
receive.
And I, the said Leger Didot, do further declare, that the mill work and
general machinery in the said Drawings shewn and exhibited for the sake of
illustration, are not to be considered as improvements upon the said machines
for making laid and wove paper, and are capable of great variations according
to local circumstances and other exigencies, and that (along with the useful
novelties of combinations in the parts hereof, which may be seen by comparison
of the present with the said machines), I do think it proper to notice, that my
methods here described of making and couching paper in separate sheets, and
of couching with the face of the mould downwards, and of making and turning
the deckles, and of delivering the surplus paper stuff, and of washing the
moulds and felts, and of applying the air pump to each of the said machines
comprehended and described in the two Letters Patent and Act of Parliament
herein-before first recited, or in the Specifications thereof, are among the
most important of the improvements to which, without prejudice to any other
benefits and advantages to which I may justly be entitled under or by virtue of
His Majesty's Letters Patent herein last recited), I do hereby make claim.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leger Didot, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twelve.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1812, the aforesaid Leger Didot came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Indenture aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twelve.