IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING TRANSMITTING AND APPLYING ELECTRIC CURRENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING MOTIVE POWER AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Henley of Plaistow in the County of
Essex Telegraph Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING TRANSMITTING AND APPLYING ELECTRIC
CURRENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING MOTIVE POWER AND OTHER USEFUL
PURPOSES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Henley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1882.
WILLIAM THOMAS HENLEY of Plaistow in the County of Essex Telegraph
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING,
TRANSMITTING AND APPLYING ELECTRIC CURRENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING
MOTIVE POWER AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES "
My improvements refer firstly to the dynamo machines for developing the
power and the Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 shew in vertical cross section and in partial longitudinal section
a machine consisting of straight clectro magnets fixed in two standards of brass or
other nonmagnetisable metal with a ring of iron made to revolve at each end of
these electro magnets, these rings of iron have recesses for the reception of coils of
insulated wire; these rings and coils act in quite a different way to the machines
known as the "Gramme" or
"Brush" machines as they form in this case six
distinct electro-magnets revolving at each end of the fixed magnets, the polarity of
these revolving magnets being changed six times in each revolution of the ring. I
sometimes use the currents from the coils on one of these rings to pass through the
coils on the fixed magnets, by means of a commutator sending the currents in one
direction through the fixed magnets so that their polarity may always remain the
same, in that case I can use the coils on the other ring for the external circuit for
the lamps or other apparatus, I join these latter coils up in series, and either by

page_text: means of a commutator change the alternate currents thus generated into currents
of one direction, or allow them to pass through the external circuit as alternate
currents as may be required, or where more quantity may be required the coils
can all be connected together for quantity, or if six separate currents are required
for the external circuit a commutator with six series of contact pieces and six
pairs of springs, this machine when used to receive a current for producing motive
power will have the circuit completed through the coils on both rings and coils on
the fixed magnets, but the current through the coils on the rings will by the com-
mutator be reversed six times in each revolution the currents entering the machine
being sent all in one direction from the distant source of power, or if derived from
a voltaic battery. A represents the foundation plate; B B the standards of brass
or other non-magnetisable metal; C C, C, C CC, the fixed magnets; D, D the
revolving rings with their coils; E the shaft with the centre pieces for holding the
rings, these centre pieces being made of brass or other non-magnetisable metal ;
F the commutator; G, G the pillars and springs for conveying the currents, H the
fast and loose pulleys, the former for driving the machine if used for producing
electricity or imparting power to the other apparatus if used as a motive power
machine; the fixed magnets have pole pieces at each end.
Figure 3 is a transverse section and Figure 4 is a longitudinal sido elevation,
partly in section, of a machine with fixed magnets similar to the others before
described but with this difference that they are made of iron tubes filled with fine
soft iron wire by which means the magnetising and demagnetising is performed in
much less time than when made of solid iron; instead of iron rings wound with
coils, two sets of iron tubes filled with soft iron wire, and attached to two soft iron
rings are made to revolve one at each end of the fixed magnets; these tubes fixed
on the rings on the revolving wheels (which are made of brass or other non-
magnetisable metal) are wound with insulated wire and when used for electric
lighting the coils on one set of revolving tubes are in circuit with the fixed magnets
by means of the commutator; the coils on the other set of revolving tubes are in
connection with the external or lamp circuit; A shows the base plate; B B the
brass standards; C, C, C, C, C C, the fixed magnets; D D the revolving rings with
the revolving electro magnets; E the shaft F; the commutator; G, G, the pillars
and springs for conveying the current.
Figure 5 is a transverse section and Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation
of a machine constructed on similar principles to that described with reference to
Figures 1 and 2 but in this case the fixed magnets are made of cast iron with the
pole pieces cast on, in this case only four fixed magnets are used but I do not
confine myself to any number of magnets which may be from two to any number
according to the size of the machine but the projecting parts on the revolving
rings must correspond with the number of fixed magnets; the same letters of
reference refer to like parts to those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 shows in transverse section and Figure 8 in longitudinal side elevation
partly in section a dynamo machine made according to my Invention with two
fixed electro magnets of a rectangular section, they are mounted on four brackets
of brass or other non-magnetisable metal B B attached to the cast iron base plate,
in this case these magnets are made of thin plates of soft iron, at each end of
these fixed magnets a soft iron ring D revolves, also made of soft iron plates with
two pieces of soft iron attached on one sides as shown at D₁ D' Figure 8; the
spaces on the ring between these pieces of soft iron are wound with insulated wire,
the two coils on one ring connected through the commutator to the coils on the
fixed magnet the currents from the coils on the other revolving ring used in the
external circuit. A is the base plate; B B the brass brackets of support, C, C the
fixed electro magnets. D D the revolving rings with their coils of wire; E Figure 7
the shaft with the centre pieces of non-magnetisable metal for attaching the rings;
F the commutator G G the pillars and springs; H the fast and loose pulleys.
The fixed mugnets have pole pieces of the shape shown at B' as the object aimed

page_text: at in this as well as the other arrangements is that the revolving magnets shall
approach and recede from the fixed ones in such a way that the magnetisation and
deningnetisation shall be as sudden as possible.
Figures 9 and 10 shew a somewhat different arrangement where the fixed
magnets are fixed farther apart, and the rings are made wider, and the projecting
pieces of soft iron which may also be made of plate are attached to the outer sides
of the ring, and the edge of the ring with the pieces are opposed to the poles
of the fixed magnets, the pole pieces of the latter being made to extend farther so
as to embrace the ring. The same letters refer to the various parts as in Figures
7 and 8.
These fixed magnets may be permanent magnets either wound with coils of
wire or not, if not covered with coils the currents from both revolving rings should
be sent into the external circuit; if the fixed permanent magnets have coils of
insulated wire on them, the currents from one revolving ring should be sent
through them to excite taking care that by aid of the commutator the currents
are always sent in the right direction, so that the polarity of the induced magneti-
sation shall be in the same direction as the permanent magnetisation in the fixed
magnets. Instead of the revolving rings with the coils of wire and the projecting
pieces I propose to use sometimes rings of iron either made of plate or solid with
straight electro magnets attached thereto with coils of wire as in the machine
shown at Figures 3 and 4
Figures 11 and 12 show an arrangement of horseshoe permanent magnets with
a revolving ring carrying straight electro magnets attached thereto with their
poles opposed to those of the permanent magnets.
This would be found a very suitable arrangement for a motive power machine,
either to work with a current from another dynamo or a voltaic battery, as the
powerful permanent magnets would have so much available power costing nothing
and acting with great force in attracting and repelling the revolving electro
magnets as the current is reversed in them by the commutator eight times in each
revolution; the electro magnets may be either solid, or made of plates, or tubes
filled with iron wires the latter would have the best effect, the electro magnets
have pole pieces of iron attached to the tubes which is necessary in most cases
where the tubes are filled with iron wire as however firmly the wires are fixed in
the tubes they are enabled to be withdrawn by the attraction of the other magnets
opposed to them.
Figure 11 is a transverse section and Figure 12 is a longitudinal view; A the
base plate; B, B the brass standards for supporting the permanent magnets; CC
the four horse shoe permanent magnets;-D the revolving ring with the electro
magnets D', E the shaft with the brass wheel for carrying the ring F F the
commutator; G G the pillars and springs rubbing on the commutators; H the fast
and loose pulleys.
In the machine shown at Figures 9 and 10 two bar electro magnets are employed
which may be of wrought or cast iron, they are shewn in this case made of cast
iron with elongated pole pieces at each end, as shewn at B' Figures 9 and 10
these two magnets are wound with wire and fixed on the four brackets B B of
brass or other non-magnetic metal attached to the base A which carries the bearings
for the shaft, on which is keyed the brass centre pieces carrying the iron rings
DD with the projecting pieces D' these rings with the exception of the projecting
pieces are wound with covered wire and revolve within the curved ends of the
electro magnets which are bored out to receive them, the projecting pieces on the
iron rings when opposed to the electro magnets cause the ring to become a double
armature a current being set up in the wire in each section, which may be
connected up in series, the end of one coil say at the North pole being connected to
the commencement of the other coil at the South pole the other two ends being
taken away to a commutator to be conveyed thence to excite the field magnets;,
the current from the coils on the ring at the other end of the field magnets, I,

page_text: employ for the external or lamp circuit; the coils on the ring can be connected up
for intensity or quantity as may be required and but for winding the ring for the
external circuit I usually employ wire of different size and a different way of
winding than on that which is used to excite the field magnets, but for some
purposes it will be found best to include the coils on both rings in the same circuit
as the field magnets, and use the whole for the working circuit but in that case
both rings must be wound alike and the same way as the field magnets.
Figures 13 and 14 show an arrangement of fixed electro magnets on the
standard A' fixed to base A two of which B B act as the field magnets and two CC
as the armatures or secondary magnets the polarity of the latter is reversed by
the revolving pieces of iron D D. fixed on the brass centre picces keyed on the
shaft E it will be seen that as this revolves, the poles of the armatures are
alternately brought in connection with the poles of the electro magnets B B by
which the polarity of the former is reversed twice in cach revolution, in this case
the current from the armatures or secondary magnets are by a commutator sent all
in one direction through the field magnets B B, so that they shall always retain
the same polarity; the whole circuit is employed as the working circuit, but
Figure 15 shows an arrangement whereby the current from the secondary magnets
CC is used for the working circuit and the field magnets B B are excited by
currents produced by winding the two pieces of iron D D with coils of wire D' as
here shown, the currents from these coils passing all in same direction through
the coils on B B by means of a commutator, the currents from the secondary
magnets CC if used as alternate currents, are taken direct from CC without the
aid of a commutator, but if required all in one direction are led through a second
commutator for that purpose. In all these arrangements with this machine the
electro magnets B B are fixed direct to the upright standard A¹ bolted to the
base A which also carries the back bearing; the inagnets CC have their back poles
connected by the cross piece of iron B₁ the whole being bolted to the same
standard A but with the pieces of brass B intervening between the soft iron and
the standard being fixed to the same by brass bolts
My second improvement relates to the lamp for showing the electric light,
Figure 16 shows a lamp constructed according to one arrangement. A A A A is
the stand with two pillars and a cross piece. B B two tubes for the carbons CC;
these tubes are hinged at the lower end and have a longitudinal slit nearly the
whole length, through which the cord is attached to the plugs D D which by
the weight E pushes the carbons upwards which are prevented from moving
upwards too fast by the arrangement of wheels and pinions and a fly as shown;
the electro magnet F establishes the arc.
Figure 17 shows another lamp in which the carbons are inclined at an angle to
each other and are fed downwards meeting below. The stand A with the pillars
and two platforms A¹ A' carry the two tubes B B through which the carbous C C
pass which are fed downwards by the two rollers D D pressing the carbons against
the two rollers E, E, these rollers are made of slate or other non-conducting material;
the rollers D D are geared together by two wheels one of which is geared with
the wheel I on the same axis as the barrel F round which a cord is wound, which
is actuated by the weight G. To prevent the carbons feeding down too fast the
wheel gears into a pinion on the same axis as the wheel J driving the pinion and
fly K; a small electro magnet L is placed so that when the current which passes
through its coils in the same circuit as the carbons become weak the keeper which
is regulated by a spring and adjusting screw leaves the magnet and releasing the
fly allows the carbons to be fed forward which movement is stopped by the current
becoming stronger as the carbons move slightly nearer cach other; an electro
magnet M is placed on the upper platform with a movable keeper at each end
attached to each tube which holds the carbons, as soon as the current passes causes
the carbons to separate at the lower ends and establishes the arc; the tubes and
carbons moving on a fulcrum formed by the rollers D D and E, E, the amount of

page_text: separation of the carbons is governed by adjusting screws on the upper platforin
limiting the motion of the tubes. The smaller electro magnet is by the
adjusting spring made much more sensitive to the fluctuations of the current than
the electro magnet M which will not release its keepers without the total
cessation of the current; the two tubes B, B are perfectly insulated from the upper
and lower platforms; the current passes from N one of the binding screws and
mercury cups on the lower platform to the carbon holder B and carbon down to
the bottom and up the other carbon and holder to the other binding screw and
mercury cup N' through the electro magnet coils on the upper and lower platforms
and then away by the remaining terminal; the terminals- carrying the current to
the carbon holders have mercury cups in which pieces of metal attached to the
carbon holders dip, this insures good contact and allows of the play of the carbon
holders, as they separate the carbons to form the arc; of course the terminals are
all insulated from the platforms on which they are fixed.
Figure 18 shows an arrangement whereby two carbons inclined at an angle
towards each other are made to approach as they burn away, this by the aid of
the machinery shown, is done in a regular manner and the distance of the carbons
are made to separate to form the arc which is the same whatever the length of the
carbons may be and whether they are just supplied or burnt away nearly to the
bottom this is managed by the tooth wheels D D and EE and F J and the cam o
shown and the electro magnet M.
Figure 19 shows another arrangement of lamp A and A' is the base and hollow
vertical column in which are made to slide two racks B and B¹; to the latter is
attached the arm with the upper carbon holder and carbon C; to the rack B is
attached an arm carrying the lower carbon holder and carbon C and the electro-
magnet D. The weight E in the interior of the upper part of the column A' is
attached to the rack B and causes the upper carbon to descend and the rack B¹
gearing into the toothed wheel F which gearing into the racks B causes the lower
carbon and electro magnet D to ascend, the weight E being heavy enough to
overcome the electro-magnet and friction of the racks.
When the current is
turned on the electro magnet D causes the carbons to separate and form the arc.
The wheel F is geared with a train of two wheels and three pinions and a fly and
also a small brake wheel on which rubs a spring attached to the rod of the inner
core in the solenoid G, this is for regulating the motion of the carbons as the
current varies in force and preventing them moving too rapidly when the brake is
eased; the contact is made with the movable electro-magnet D and conveyed to
the carbons by a vertical tube with mercury and in which the wire from one end
of the magnet is made to slide, as the magnet ascends or descends, as shown at H,
the other end of the magnet wire is attached to the lower carbon holder and the
wire from the upper carbon holder passes in the same way and sliding in a similar
tube of mercury on the other side of the column A¹, the current thence passes to
the solenoid and then to the machine.
Figure 20 shows another arrangement of electric lamp; A is the stand and
column carrying the two arms B and B' jointed to the column as shown, these arms
are formed of tubes sliding inside of other tubes so that the ends of these arms
which carry the carbons C C may always remain the same distance from the axis
with which they move so that the carbons shall retain the vertical position as they
slide through the sockets on the fixed arms or brackets D D; on the lower movable
arm B' at the other side of the axis is fixed the tooth quadrant E and attached to
the column A is the electro-magnet E¹ which has attached to its armature a lever
which when the current passes through its coils and the lamp circuit causes the
lever to lock into the teeth of the quadrant and cause the lower arm B' to descend
and which also by that movement causes the upper arm B to be raised thus
separating the carbons and establishing the arc. On the axis of the top and of the
bottom arins is fixed a barrel F F, and a chain is attached to each of these barrels
partially encircling each one passing partly round the barrel in one direction and

page_text: round the other barrel in the reverse direction, so that the sliding weight G on the
upper arm B causes that arm and carbon to fall and the lower one to be raised
until the carbons meet, as the upper descends and the lower rises the inner tubes
of the arms slide into the outer ones as the arms move towards the horizontal
position and thus allow the carbons to retain the vertical position, the weight is
made to slide on the upper arm and become fixed by a set screw so that the proper
distance can be adjusted, the diminishing weight of the carbons as they burn away
makes no difference as they balance each other. As the current varies in intensity,
the electro-magnet, the armature of which is balanced by a spring, allows the
carbons to approach as the lever falls clear of the teeth of quadrant and as the
current strengthens by the carbons approaching each other the lever takes into the
teeth of the quadrant and stops them.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Thomas Henley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th July 1882.
WILLIAM THOMAS HENLEY of Plaistow in the County of Essex Telegraph
Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
TRANSMITTING, AND APPLYING ELECTRIC CURRENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHTING
MOTIVE POWER AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
"
My improvements refer firstly to the dynamo machines for developing the
power and the Invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
4
"
"
"
Figures 1 and 2 shown in vertical cross section and in partial longitudinal section
a machine consisting of straight electro magnets fixed in two standards of brass
or other non magnetisable metal with a ring of iron made to revolve at each end of
these electro magnets. these rings of iron have recesses for the reception of coils of
insulated wire; these rings and coils act in quite a different way to the machines
known as the Gramme or Brush machines as they form in this case six
distinct electro magnets revolving at each end of the fixed magnets, the polarity of
these revolving magnets being changed six times in each revolution of the ring.
I sometimes use the currents from the coils on one of these rings to pass through
the coils on the fixed magnets, by means of a commutator sending the currents in
one direction through the fixed magnets so that their polarity may always remain
the same, in that case 1 can use the coils on the other ring for the external circuit
for the lamps or otlier apparatus, I join these latter coils up in series, and either
by means of a commutator change the alternate currents thus generated into
currents of one direction, or, allow them to pass through the external circuit as
alternate currents as may be required or where more quantity may be required the
coils can all be connected together for quantity or if six separate currents are
required for the external circuit a commutator with six series of contact pieces and
six pairs of springs, this machine when used to receive a current for producing
motive power will have the circuit completed through the coils on both rings and
coils on the fixed magnets, but the current through the coils on the rings will by
the commutator be reversed six times in each revolution the currents entering the
machine being sent all in one direction from the distant source of power, or if
derived from a voltaic battery. A represents the foundation plate, B B the
standards of brass or other non magnetisable metal, C C C C C C the fixed
magnets D D the revolving rings with their coils, E the shaft with the centre
pieces for holding the rings these centre pieces being made of brass or other non-
imagnetisable metal; F the commutator; G G the pillars and springs for conveying
the currents; H the fast and loose pulleys, the former for driving the machine if
used for producing electricity or imparting power to the other apparatus if used as
a motive power machine the fixed magnets have pole pieces at each end.
Figure 3 is a transverse section and Figure 4 is a longitudinal side elevation,
partly in section, of a machine with fixed magnets similar to the others before
described but with this difference that they are made of iron tubes filled with fine
soft iron wire by which means the magnetizing and demagnetising is performed in
much less time than when made of solid iron; instead of iron rings wound with
coils, two sets of iron tubes filled with soft iron wire and attached to the soft iron
rings are made to revolve one at each end of the fixed magnets; these tubes fixed
on the rings on the revolving wheels (which are made of biass or other non-
magnetisable metal), are wound with insulated wire and when used for electric

page_text: lighting the coils on one set of revolving tubes are in circuit with the fixed
nagnets by means of the conmutator; the coils on the other set of revolving
tubes are in connection with the external or lamp circuit; A shows the base plate,
B B the brass standards: CCCCCC the fixed magnets: DD the revolving
rings with the revolving electro magnets; E the shaft, F the commutator; G G the
pillars and springs for conveying the current.
Figure 5 is a transverse section and Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional elevation
of a machine constructed on similar principles to that described with reference to
Figures 1 and 2 but in this case the fixed magnets are made of cast iron with the
pole pieces cast on, in this case only four fixed magnets are used but I do not
confine myself to any number of magnets which may be from two to any number
according to the size of the machine but the projecting parts on the revolving rings
must correspond with the number of fixed magnets the same letters of reference
refer to like parts to those described with reference to Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 7 shows in transverse section and Figure 8 in longitudinal side elevation
partly in section a dynamo machine made according to my Invention with two
fixed electro magnets of a rectangular section, they are mounted on four brackets
of brass or other non magnetisable metal B B attached to the cast iron base plate,
in this case these magnets are made of thin plates of soft iron, at each end of these
fixed magnets a soft iron ring D revolves, also made of soft iron plates with two
pieces of soft iron attached on one side as shown at D' D' Figure 8 the spaces on
the ring between these pieces of soft iron are wound with insulated wire, the two
coils on one ring connected through the commutator to the coils on the fixed
magnets the currents from the coils on the other revolving ring used in the external
circuit. A is the base plate; B B the brass brackets of support C C the fixed
electro magnets, D D the revolving rings with their coils of wires; E Figure 7
the shaft with the centre pieces of nonmagnetisable metal for attaching the rings;
F the commutator G G the pillars and springs H. the fast and loose pulleys.
The fixed magnets have pole pieces of the shape shown at B as the object aimed
at in this as well as the other arrangements is that the revolving magnets shall
approach and recede from the fixed ones in such a way that the magnetisation and
demagnetisation shall be as sudden as possible.
Figures 9 and 10 show a somewhat different arrangement where the fixed
magnets are fixed further apart, and the rings are made wider and the projecting
pieces of soft iron which may also be made of plate are attached to the outer sides
of the ring, and the edge of the ring with the pieces are opposed to the poles of the
fixed magnets, the pole piece of the latter being made to extend farther, so as to
embrace the ring. The same letters refer to the various parts as in Figures 7
and 8.
These fixed magnets may be permanent magnets either wound with coils of wire
or not, if not covered with coils the currents from both revolving rings should be
sent into the external circuit; if the fixed permanent magnets have coils of insulated
wire on them, the currents from one revolving ring should be sent through them to
excite, taking care that by aid of the commutator the currents are always sent in
the right direction, so that the polarity of the induced magnetisation shall be in
the same direction as the permanent magnetism in the fixed magnets. Instead of
the revolving rings with the coils of wire and the projecting pieces I propose to use
sometimes rings of iron either made of plate or solid with straight electro magnets
attached thereto with coils of wire as in the machine shewn at Figures 3 and 4.
Figures 11 and 12 show an arrangement of horse shoe permanent magnets with
a revolving ring carrying straight electro magnets attached thereto with their poles
opposed to those of the permanent magnets.
This would be found a very suitable arrangement for a motive power machine
either to work with a current from another dynamo or a voltaic battery, as the
powerful permanent magnets would have so much available power costing nothing
and acting with great force in attracting and repelling the revolving electro
magnets as the current is reversed in them by the commutator eight times in

page_text: each revolution: the electro magnets may be either solid, or made of plates, or
tubes filled with iron wires, the latter would have the best effect, the electro
magnets have pole pieces of iron attached to the tubes which is necessary in most
cases where the tubes are filled with iron wire as however firmly the wires are
fixed in the tubes they are enabled to be withdrawn by the attraction of the
other magnets opposed to them. Figure 11 is a transverse section and Figure 12
is a longitudinal view, A the base plate, B B the brass standards for supporting
the permanent magnets. CC the four horse-shoe permanent magnets, D the
revolving ring with the electro magnets D'. E the shaft with the brass wheel for
carrying the ring, F F the commutator, GG, the pillars and springs rubbing on
the commutators. H the fast and loose pulleys.
In the machine shown at Figures 9 and 10 two bar electro-magnets are employed
which may be of wrought or cast iron they are shown in this case made of cast
iron, with elongated pole pieces at each end as shown at B' Figures 9 and 10 these
two magnets are wound with wire and fixed on the four brackets B B of brass or
other non magnetic metal attached to the base A which carries the bearings for the
shaft on which is keyed the brass centre pieces carrying the iron rings DD with
the projecting pieces D¹ these rings with the exception of the projecting pieces are
wound with covered wire and revolve within the curved ends of the electro
magnets, which are bored out to receive them, the projecting pieces on the iron
rings when opposed to the electro magnets cause the ring to become a double
armature a current being set up in the wire in each section which
may be
connected up in series, the end of one coil say at the North pole being connected to
the commencement of the other coil at the South pole the other two ends being
taken away to a commutator to be conveyed thence to excite the field magnets;
the current from the coils on the ring at the other end of the field magnets,
I employ for the external or lamp circuit; the coils on the ring can be connected
up for intensity or quantity as may be required and but for winding the ring for
the external circuit usually employ wire of sufficient size, and a different way of
winding than on that which is used to excite the field magnets, but for some
purposes it will be found best to include the coils on both rings in the same circuit
as the field magnets and use the whole for the working circuit but in that case
both rings must be wound alike and the same way as the field magnets.
Figures 13 and 14 show an arrangement of fixed electro magnets on the
standard A fixed to base A two of which B B act as the field magnets and two
CC as the armatures or secondary magnets the polarity of the latter is reversed
by the revolving pieces of iron D D fixed on the brass centre pieces keyed on the
shaft E, it will be seen that as this revolves, the poles of the armatures are
alternately brought in connection with the poles of the electro magnets B B by
which the polarity of the former is reversed twice in each revolution in this case
the current from the armatures or secondary magnets are by a commutator sent
all in one direction through the field magnets B B so that they shall always retain
the same polarity; the whole circuit is employed as the working circuit, but
Figure 15 shows an arrangement whereby the current from the secondary
magnets CC is used for the working circuit and the field magnets B B are
excited by currents produced by winding the two pieces of iron D. D with coils of
wire as here shown, the currents from these coils passing all in same direction
through the coils on B, B by means of a commutator, the currents from the
secondary magnets CC. if used as alternate currents are taken direct from CC
without the aid of a commutator but if required all in one direction are led through
a second commutator for that purpose. In all these arrangements with this machine
the electro magnets B. B' are fixed direct to the upright standard A' bolted to the
base A which also carries the back bearing; the magnets C C have their back
poles connected by the cross piece of iron B the whole being bolted to the same
standard A' but with the pieces of brass B intervening between the soft iron and
the standard being fixed to the same by brass bolts.
My second improvement relates to the lamps for showing the electric light,

page_text: Fig. 16 shows a lamp constructed according to one arrangement A A A A is
the stand with two pillars and a cross-piece; B. B. two tubes for the carbons C. C;
these tubes are hinged at the lower end and have a longitudinal slit nearly the
whole length, through which the cord is attached to the plugs D D which by the
weight E pushes the carbons upwards, which are prevented from moving upwards
too fast by the arrangement of wheels and pinions and dy as shown, the electro
inagnet F establishes the arc.
Figure 17 shows another lamp in which the carbons are inclined at an angle
to each other and are fed downwards meeting below. The stand A with the pillars
and two platforms A' A' carry the two tubes B. B. through which the carbons C C
pass which are fed downwards by the two rollers D. D. pressing the carbons
against the two rollers, E E. these rollers are made of slate or other non conducting
material; the rollers D D are geared together by two wheels one of which is
geared with the wheel I on the same axis as the barrel F round which a cord is
wound, which is actuated by the weight G. To prevent the carbons feeding down
too fast the wheel I gears into a pinion on the same axis as the wheel J driving
the pinion and fly K; a small electro magnet L is placed so that when the current
which passes through its coils in the same circuit as the carbons become weak the
keeper which is regulated by a spring and adjusting screw leaves the magnet and
releasing the fly allows the carbons to be fed forward which movement is stopped
by the current becoming stronger as the carbons move slightly nearer each other:
an electro magnet Al is placed on the upper platform with a movable keeper at
each end attached to eacli tube which holds the carbons, as soon as the current
passes causes the carbons to separate at the lower ends and establishes the arc;
the tubes and carbons moving on a fulcrum formed by the rollers D. D and E E:
The amount of separation of the carbons is governed by adjusting screws on the
upper platform limiting the motion of the tubes. The smaller electro magnet L is
by the adjusting spring made much more sensitive to the fluctuations of the
current than the electro magnet M which will not release its keepers without the
total cessation of the current; the two tubes B B are perfectly insulated from
the upper and lower platforms; The current passes from one of the binding
screws N and mercury cups on the lower platform to the carbon holder B and
carbon down to the bottom and up to the other carbon and bolder to the other
binding screw and mercury cup Nthrough the electro magnet coils on the upper
and lower platforms and then away by the remaining terminal; The terminals
carrying the current to the carbon holders have mercury cups in which pieces of
metal attached to the carbon holders dip, this ensures good contact and allows of
the play of the carbon holders, as they separate the carbons to form the arc:
of course the terminals are all insulated from the platforms on which they are
fixed.
Figure 18 shows an arrangement whereby two carbons inclined at an angle
towards each other are made to approach as they burn away, this by the aid of
the machinery. shown, is done in a regular manner and the distance of the carbons
are made to separate to form the arc which is the same whatever the length of the
carbons may be and whether they are just supplied or burnt away nearly to the
bottom this is managed by the tooth wheels D D and E. E, and F. J. and the
cam O shown and the electro magnet M.
Figure 19 shows another arrangement of lamp A and A' is the base and hollow
vertical column in which are made to slide two racks B and B to the latter is
attached the arin with the upper carbon holder and carbon C; to the rack B is
attached an arm carrying the lower carbon holder and carbon C and the electro
magnet D. The weight E in the interior of the upper part of the column A¹ is
attached to the rack B₁ and causes the upper carbon to descend and the rack B'
gearing into the toothed wheel F which gearing into the racks B causes the lower
carbon and electro-magnet D to ascend, the weight E being heavy enough to over-
come the electro-magnet and friction of the racks. When the current is turned on
the electro magnet D causes the carbons to separate and form the arc.
The

page_text: wheel F is geared with a train of two wheels and three pinions and a fly and also
a small brake wheel on which rubs a spring attached to the rod of the inner core
in the solenoid G, this is for regulating the motion of the carbons as the current
varies in force and preventing them moving too rapidly when the brake is eased;
the contact is made with the movable electro-magnet D and conveyed to the
carbons by a vertical tube with mercury and in which the wire from one end of
the magnet is made to slide, as the magnet ascends or descends, as shown at H, the
other end of the magnet wire is attached to the lower carbon holder and the wire
from the upper carbon holder passes in the same way and sliding in a similar tube
of mercury on the other side of the column A', the current thence passes to the
solenoid and then to the machine.
Figure 20 shows another arrangement of electric lamp: A is the stand and
column carrying the two arms B and B jointed to the column as shown, theso
arms are formed of tubes sliding inside of the other tubes so that the ends of these
arms which carry the carbons CC may always remain the same distance from
the axis with which they move so that the carbons shall retain the vertical position
as they slide through the sockets on the fixed arms or brackets D. D.; on the
lower movable arm B' at the other side of the axis is fixed the tooth quadrant E
and attached to the column, A is the electro magnet E' which has attached to its
armature a lever which when the current passes through its coils and the lamp
circuit causes the lever to lock into the teeth of the quadrant and cause the lower
arm B' to descend and which also by that movement causes the upper arm B to bo
raised thus separating the carbons and establishing the arc. On the axis of the
top and of the bottom arms is fixed a barrel F F and a chain is attached to each
of these barrels partially encircling each one passing partly round the barrel in one
direction and round the other barrel in the reverse direction so that the sliding
weight G on the upper arm B causes that arm and carbon to fall and the lower
one to be raised until the carbons meet, as the upper descends and the lower rises
the inner tubes of the arms slide into the outer oues as the arms move towards the
horizontal position and thus allow the carbons to retain the vertical position, the
weight is made to slide on the upper arm and become fixed by a set screw so that
the proper distance can be adjusted, the diminishing weight of the carbons as they.
burn away makes no difference as they balance each other. As the current varies.
in intensity, the electro magnet the armature of which is balanced by a spring,
allows the carbons to approach as the lever fulls clear of the teeth of the quadrant
and as the current strengthens by the carbons approaching each other the lever
takes into the teeth of the quadrant and stops them.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my improvements in
machinery and apparatus for obtaining, transmitting and applying electric currents,
for electric lighting, motive power, and other useful purposes.
First In an electric current producing machine the employment of fixed
straight electro magnets in combination with a revolving ring fitted as described at
each end of the aforesaid straight electro magnets, substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second-In an electric current producing machine the employment of fixed
straight electro magnets made of iron tubes filled with soft iron wire in combination
with revolving iron tubes filled with soft iron wire attached to soft iron rings all
fitted and operating substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 3 and 4 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Third Electric current producing machine having fixed cast iron magnets and
pole pieces cast on substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth In an electric current producing machine the employment of two
electro magnets of rectangular shape in combination with a ring of soft iron
revolving in face of same the whole combination being titted and operating

page_text: substantially in the manner set forth with reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fifth In an electric current producing machine the employment of fixed
magnets, rings and soft iron projecting pieces arranged and operating substantially
as set forth with reference to Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth-The combination in an electric current producing machine of horse shoe
permanent magnets and revolving ring carrying straight electro magnets with pole
pieces opposed to the permanent magnets substantially as and for the purposes set
forth with reference to Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying Drawings.
:-
Seventh In an electric current producing machine the arrangements of fixed
magnets and armatures or secondary magnets in combination with revolving pins
whereby the armature poles are alternately brought in connection with the poles
of the electro magnets, or the secondary magnets are used for the working circuit
all substantially in the manner and for the purposes described with reference to
Figures 13, 14 and 15 of the accompanying Drawings.
:-
Eighth In electric lamps the arrangement of the carbon holders hinged at the
lower ends all constructed and operating substantially as described and illustrated
with reference to Figure 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Ninth In electric lamps the inclining downwards and feeding of the carbons,
together with the means described for communicating motion to the carbons as they
are consumed and the regulation of the same all substantially as set forth with
reference to Figure 17 of the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth In electric lamps the machinery shown for causing the carbons to
approach one another as they burn away substantially as described with reference
to Figure 18 of the accompanying Drawings.
Eleventh In electric lamps the employment of racks with arms for carrying
the carbons and electro magnet arranged and operating substantially as shown and
illustrated with reference to Figure 19 of the accompanying Drawings.
Twelfth In electric lamps the employment of arms jointed to a column in
combination with arms fixed to the said column operated and regulated by
quadrant electro magnet and lever together with barrel chain and sliding weight
all substantially as and for the purposes set forth with reference to Figure 20 of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said William Thomas Henley have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Seventh day of July in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.