MACHINE, BY ME INVENTED AND FOUND OUT, FOR RAISING A SHAG ON ALL SORTS OF WOOLLEN CLOTHS, AND CROPPING OR SHEARING THEM, WHICH TOGETHER COME UNDER THE DESCRIPTION OF DRESSING WOOLLEN CLOTHS, AND ALSO FOR CROPPING OR SHEARING OF FUSTIANS
Year: 1794

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HARMAR, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Clerk, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Twenty-ninth day of March, in the thirty-fourth year of His reign, hath
been graciously pleased to give and grant unto me, the said John Harmar,
my exors, admors, and assigns, especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and
authority, that I, the said John Harmar, my exors, admors, and assigns, and
every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said John Harmar, my exors,
adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend the
"MACHINE, BY ME INVENTED AND FOUND OUT, FOR RAISING A SHAG ON ALL SORTS OF
WOOLLEN CLOTHS, AND CROPPING OR SHEARING THEM, WHICH TOGETHER COME UNDER
THE DESCRIPTION OF DRESSING WOOLLEN CLOTHS, AND ALSO FOR CROPPING OR
SHEARING OF FUSTIANS," within that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great
Britain called England, the Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said John Harmar, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, or any of them, should in my or their discretions seem
meet, and that I, the said John Harmar, my exors, admors, and assigns, should
and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and
advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason
of the said Invention, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers,

page_text: privileges, and advantages therein granted or mentioned to be granted unto the
said John Harmar, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, for and during and unto
the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters
Patent next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be complent and onded,
according to the Statute in such case made and provided: And whereas in
the said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso or condition that if the
said John Harmar should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar
month next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, then
the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby
granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the said
Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in obedienco to the said Letters Patent, and to the
aforesaid proviso or condition therein contained, I, the said John Harmar,
do by these Presents particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, referring to the Drawings in the margin of these Presents, which I
explain as follows:-
Fig. 1st, a side and end view of shearing cloth from list.to list. A is the
frame, with its pillars, legs, and rails. B is the cushion or shear board, över
which the cloth is extended. C, the cropper's shears, in their situation 'for
working, with their bobs or levers. D, the harness or breeches fitted to each
end of the riding blade of C, at the near end is hollow'd to the bow of C, and
at both ends fasten'd with screws pressing through the "blade, or else is grov'd
to admit the blade, and fasten'd with wedges. It is composed of two strong
pieces of plank, with holes to admit screws through to nut screws fastened to
their upper surface, and square holes through which pass small pillars; other
two pieces of plank are frames for wheels turning on pins (as in Drawing),
situated under the pieces fastened to the riding blade. Here the lower ends
of screws are rivetted to plates, but so as to turn, which plates are screw'd to
the wheel frames. Also in thoso lower pieces small pillars are fixed, which,
passing through the upper pieces, steady 'the harness. Those screws, turned
to right or left, bring the edges of C to the angle of B for the work of shearing.
E, the inclin'd planes, down which the wheels of D roll when the machine is
working. F is the working axle, with its rods or rails. The gudgeons of this
axle rest on the cross rails of A. The axle has the inclination of B and E, as
in Drawing; its rods, fixed to the sides of it by projecting pieces, are about
four inches from its centre, and the thimbles of G ride down them to keep

page_text: pace with C in its progress. G is the line communicating at the lower end by
a thimble with the rods of F, and at the upper end with the bob or lever of C,
as in Drawing. H is an axletree, with its handle, cog wheel, and stop fixed, by
stops on which it turns, to the pillars of A. I, the lines communicating with
the extremity of K at one end, and the other with II. K, levers turning on
their pins, and by the action of H and I work against E, to raise C.from B
for all necessary purposes. L, pullies in their frames, to give a proper direc-
tion to 'I, that the turning of H may have the effect aforenamed. M is a
crank attach'd to the lower gudgeon of F. The crank handle has an eye in it,
through which a square leg passes, against which works the lower end of a
screw, the nut of which is one side of the said eye. This screw, turn'd to
right or left, loosens or fastcus the leg in the eye at pleasure. The said·leg
at the other extremity has a handle where the near end of the catch N is fitted
on; now, as the leg is shifted by means of its eye and screw in that end where
the handle is further from the centre of F, N works O with more speed.
N is the catch that works O. O is the cog wheel of N, with its screw pinion
on its axle. P is an iron axle, with pullies near both ends, with a cog wheel.
R is a small sword fitted into the mortise, of the projection on the lower
extremity of F, and pin'd, and the other end is fitted to the crank handle of S.
S, is the crank axle and pully that carries the band which goes to the power
that works the machine. The situation for R, as to that end that fits on the
crank of S, is directly behind the lower end of F, and under the further
extremity of B, where the crank end of S rides on a stop fixed to the further
rail of A; the pulley end where the stop is rides on X. Now the crank S being
put in motion, that gives R the necessary vibration, and R works F, which
alternately raising or falling its rods or rails by G, C works; and to effect the
progression of C, F being in a working state, M works N, and O works P,
and C is carried forwards by T; and, to carry C forwards faster or slower, as
necessary for the due performance of shearing cloth, the handle of the leg of
M, where N is fitted on, must be brought nearer to the center of F for slack-
ening, and more distant from the said centre to increase the speed, as then N
will take more or less teeth in O; or the progression in this frame may be
effected by the method described in the progression of Figure 3, under the
letters M, N, O, P. T, the lines for carrying forwards C by P. U is a
projection fasten'd to D; and works against U when C is about to stop. V is
a rail and small sword passing through a mortise fixed to one of the legs of A
at nearly one end, and by a working joint goes up to near the extremity of W.
W is a lever passing through its fulcrum, and pin'd to the upper end of X, and
near the other end rests on a small notch sunk in the inside of the upper

page_text: end of one of the pillars of A, and weighted in the extremity with lead or iron:
X is the step for the pully end of S, and by a small sword goes up to Won
the near side of one of the pillars of A through which X goes, and moves on a
pin, and is the step of one end of O, and the further side of the said pillar
where the letter X stands is the step for the pully end of S. Now when U
on D works against U on V, W is thrown from its notch, and W sinking
raises X, and slackens the band on the pully of S; then the machine stops,
and X, raising the step of S on the further side of the pillar of A, on the near
side of it sinks the step of O, and the screw pinion is thrown out of the large
cog wheel of P. Y is a small axle on steps fasten'd to D, with its handle and
bands going to near the extremity of Z. 'Z, two small rails with catches at
their extremity which fall into notches in D, to fasten both the shears of C
together. Now when the machine stops by the means already described, the
pressure of the handle of Y raiseth the catches of Z from their notches in D;
and the shears of C are at liberty, and may be driven by the hand to the
necessary situation for shifting the cloth, first turning H to the right to clear
them from B; the cloth being shifted, bring the said shears of C to their
proper situation, and the catches of Z will fasten them. Then turn H to tho
left, throwing back its catch, and the shears of C are brought to their' work,
when lift up to its notch the extremity of W, and the band on S is tighten'd,
and the machine works.
Fig. 2nd, a side and the two end views of shearing the lengthway of the
cloth. A, the frame, with its pillars, legs, and rails. B, a circular cushion or
shear-board, form'd to the angle of the cropper's shears, and at each end
resting on steps fixed to the top rail of A, to be mov'd round as occasion
shall require. C, the cropper's shears in its harness or working position.
D, the harness attach'd to both ends of the ledger blade of the shears C, as
particularly described, Fig. 1st, under the letter D; but this mode of shearing
requires that the strong pieces attached by screws to the ends of C should be
framed together near the back of the said ledger blade to take the weight of
the ends of the shears, when the whole width of a narrow cloth is shorn; the
second shear C is placed behind that in Drawing, and as another B for it to
work upon, and I to be worked by, and that part of D attach'd to the heel of
C and letter E are lengthened, as described, Figure 3rd, under the Letter C,
so in like manner the shears are situated behind each other. In taking tho
width of a broad cloth here it must be noted, as in this mode of shearing, tho
cloth having the progression, the wheels of D are omitted, and pieces of wood
half rounded supply their place. E is a small frame in its steps, with its
arms and lines. The situation of E is seen under Letter D, Fig. 3rd; it is

page_text: attach'd to the heel part of the harness (as there seen by the Drawing). One
of the lines of E goes down to the working rail of E, in the foresaid Fig. 3rd,
and the other line communicates with the lever or bob of D. F, the roller,
with its handle, on which the cloth to be shorn is wound. G, tho small rollers,
to guide the cloth to B; the middle one, with swells riding on it, tighteneth
the lists of the cloth as it rides forwards; the swells are moveable for the
purpose of suiting cloths more or less long listed. H, the rod, crank'd on
every side, with the pully for the progression, and that also which carries
a band to the working power, situated at the upper end of A near Q. I is the
thimble fitted on the crank, with the line going up to near the extremity of
the bob working C. K, an axle, with its cog wheel and stop, as particularly
described, Fig. 1st, under the letters II, I, K, L, and produce a like effect,
and must be fixed to this Figure the same as in that. L, the check to F,
fastened by a pin at the near end, and passing under F, being hollow'd to it,
the further extremity (being carried under C and B) having a weight suspended
on it. M, the roller, with a cog wheel, to which the end of the cloth is
attached, and being tightened by the handle of F, the weight on L keeps it in
that tight state as it is carried through the work. N, an iron axletree, carry-
ing a large pully with one groove, and a small five-groove pully with its steps,
that out of sight lies under A on a cross rail. O, an iron axletree, carrying a
five-groove pully and screw pinion on steps, as in Drawing. P, bands going
from the small pully of II to the large pully of N, and from the five-groove
pully of N to the five-groove pully of O. Now those five-groov'd pullys
gradually descend in their dimentions from fourteen inches to three inches
in one, and the other may be the same dimentions, or very considerably
smaller, or it may be reduced to a pully of three inches diameter, with one
groove. These five-groove pullies stand in respect to each other in contrary
directions. Now when the crank, by a band on the pully on its upper
extremity, is set to work, the band from the other pully puts O and P in
motion, and carries forward M. That M may have different speed, the band
of the five-groove pullies must be shifted for that purpose to the different
grooves which give them more or less speed.
The stop frame.-Q to the step where rides the upper end of H, which
step at one end is tennon'd into the pillar of A and pin'd. R is a small sword
at the lower end, tennon'd into the extremity of Q and pin'd, and at the
upper end is mortic'd so as to admit the further end of S. S is the lever
tennon'd into the mortise of R, and pin'd, and passing through a mortise in the
pillar of A. Now to stop the machine the near extremity of the lever S.inust
be press'd down, and that slackeneth the band communicating from the acting

page_text: power to the pully of II, when set agoing the said extremity of S must bo
lifted up and pin'd there. To work this machine put the cloth to work as
directed under Letter M, then throw back the stop of G, and the shears
are brought to their work, then raise the extremity of S and the machine
works.
Fig. 3rd, a second mode of shearing cloth the length way, a side and end
view. A is the frame with its pillars, legs, and side and end rails; B, the
inclin'd plains, as Fig. 1st, under E; C, the 'shear boards over which the
cloth is stretch'd from H to H. Every shear has its board, and are placed
by the side of each other so as to take the width of the cloth, and the shears
situated for the like purpose on them; the harness H and small working
frame E, Fig. 2nd, are lengthened accordingly. D, the cropper's shears in
its harness and bob or working lever, with E, Fig. 2nd, in its proper situation
attach'd by its steps to the harness of D; E, the axle with the line communi-
cating with the bob at one end, and at the other with one of the axle rods by
a thimble, described under F and G, Fig. 1st; F, the line and thimble afore-
named; G, a small axle with its lines, levers, pullies, &c., particularly described
under letters II, J, K, L, Fig. 1st; H, rollers for the cloth, and their cog
wheels and stops; I, a lever with its catch and stop to the wheel of H, which
is on the other side of the pillar of A, near the middle of it, and falls into the
cog wheel of H, which line communicates with the lower end of the catches on
H and L, and passeth through small pullies fixed under the catches on the
inside of the frame A, that by the pressure of the upper extremity of the said
lever the catches are raised out of the cogs of their wheels to give liberty for
winding the cloth when shorn on the roller of II, situated near to I; K, a roller
to guide the cloth when wound forwards; that it may keep its situation on the
surface of C, it is placed near the axle G on steps in the same direction fixed
to the pillars of A; L, an axle with its handles, cog wheel, and stop, resting
on B with its near step; this axle has an aperture through the middle of it
lengthway to admit the cloth through. Now when the cloth is stretch'd from
one of the rollers of H to the other, by turning L to the right a more regular
tightness is given to the cloth that better fits it for the action of shearing.
For effecting the progression in shearing, and working the shears.- M is a
small sword fitted on the handle of the projection of E at one end, and at tho
other on the crank handle of N; N, a crank with its pully with one groove
and a small five-groove pully, or this may be reduced to a small one-groove
pully of about three inches diameter; the larger one-groove pully carries a
and to the power that drives the machine; the situation of this crank is nearly
the same as S, Fig. 1st, and produces the like effect; O is an axle with a

page_text: large five-groove pully and screw pinion; these pullics, of N and O have their
bands and descend in their dimentions, as particularly described under Letter
P, Fig. 2nd; P, a roller with its cog: wheel on which the bands wind,. that
carry forward D, with all the other shears more or less fasten'd together by a
rail at their proper distances from each other. (as in Drawing, that each may
take its proper share of cloth) being. situated as described under Letter C;
bands from P to D carry forward the shears of D.
For stopping this frame.-The stop parts of Fig. 1st, under letters U, V, W, X,
must be put to it, fix'd to the rails and pillars of A. Q is a projection here
attached to D, and will stop this frame when the parts above directed are fixed
to it in the manner directel, Fig. 1st. R is a line attached to the shears of D,
and passing thro a small pully fix'd in the back rail of A, runs through, another
pully fix'd in a convenient situation over the frame or this said Figure 3rd,
and by the pulling its extremity, draws back the shears of D when they have
cut their board of cloth..
For working this machine.-The cloth is wound on the upper roller of H
and round a small roller at the upper end of A, and extended down C and
under K and to the other roller of H, where it, is attached, the stop of the
upper roller falling into its wheel. The cloth is tighten'd by the lower roller
and the handles of the roller L, their respective catches falling into the cogs of
their wheels which keep the cloth in that tense state. When throwing: back
the catch of G the shears of D are let down to their work, when, by means of
R, they are brought to their proper situation on B; then lift up the lever
of the stop frame into its notch, as directed under Letter S, Fig. 2nd, and the
machine works. When the machine, stops, as before described, and particularly
described Fig. 1st under X, to shift the cloth for cutting another length, press
down the near extremity of I of. this third Figure, and wind the cloth that is
cut on H; when, lifting up the said extremity of I, the cloth may be tighten'd,
as above described, and the shears of D shifted to continue their work..
Fig. 4th, for raising a shag on cloth preparatory to shearing. A, the side
and end rails, legs, and pillars, with its teasel frames and cotters; B,. the
frames, one open and the other shut, which turn on hinges, and when. shut
ready for work are fastened by buttons screwed loosely to C; C is a frame
mortised to fit four sides of B when shut, and by small projections or slides fix'd
to its four corners rides in the grooves of a third frame fix'd to the rails of F;
D, a third frame, in the inner grooves or two sides of it C rides; this frame is
attached to F, its projecting slides ride thro' the gutters or flutes of L, when
working; E, the double crank with its large pully, which by a band goes to
the working power; these cranks stand in contrary direction on-the same, axle
that the frames may work alternately; F, working rails fitted on, the crank

page_text: handles, and fasten'd on by screws; these rails have a working joint near the
side of G, and on the further side of G are attach'd by screws to each end of
D, and as E works, the frames of D which carry C and D work round L, and
so raise the shag; G, tlie pullies fix'd in their frames over which F ride;
H, the board for raising in its inclin'd posture with the cloth passing over it
from one roller of I to the other; I, the rollers situated before and behind H,
and attach'd to the legs of A by screws, the gudgeons riding in steps, and
at the upper end of H is a small roller to guide the cloth round the end
of H, with swells for both lists of tho cloth after the manner of Fig. 2nd
under the letter G; K, the check to the fore roller I, which at one end is
attached to one of the legs of A, and near that end lies over the same roller
and hollow'd to fit it, and at the other end carries a weight, as in Drawing;
I two pieces of plank situated on both sides H at the upper termination of
M; the inside of the said planks are fluted or gutter'il to the angles of L
which stands at the foot of A. The small projection at the top of L is a
pattorn of the slides fixed to the sides of D, which pass through the aforesaid
angle when the frames are working, which raise them to and from the cloth.
To effect the revolution of the slides that carry C, the top pieco of L is
fasten'd to the side of its plank at or near the upper end by a screw on which
it moves, and at near the bottom end it is fasten'd to its plank, but with liberty
to play. Now when D by its slides have passed thro' the gutter, the lower
end of the top piece of L fall and form a bridge to carry the slides of L to the
top of the gutter for the making of another revolution. M are small swords
terminating in L, and fasten'd with pins, and passing thro' sockets fix'il to the
rail of A, and mortis'd at the lower extremity into N where they move on
pius; N, a strong rail extending along the side of A, having a joint in it,
and turning on pins in mortises fix'd to the pillars of A; O, an axle with
small projections at their ends in steps lying on the lower rail of A, extending
from one side of the machine to the other; P, small swords tennonded into
the projections of O, and the other admitting the near extremity of N through
a mortise where it moves upon a pin; Q, an upright leg fasten'd at the lower
end to the axle of O near the lower rail of A. Now by turning this leg to
right or left it moves O, and O by its projections raise and lower the near
extremity of N, and N ruise and sink L; which has a like effect on B, C, D;
so that by theso mediums B is brought into contact with H in all necessary
degrees. R is a cog wheel, its situation is on tho further extremity of the
back roller of I; S, two catches for carrying forward R attach'd to T at one
end in mortises and moving on pins, and the other working the cogs of R;
T, the working leg fixed to the further pillar of A by a screw (as in Drawing);
the upper extremity of the said leg goes, thro' a socket fix'd to the further rail

page_text: of F near the upper part of it. Now by the vibration of this said extremity of
Tin its socket by E working F, S carries round R, and, by varying the pins
of S nearer to or more distant. from the centre of its motion, the said R is
carried forwards either faster or slower...
For shifting B and C to right and left of II for the purpose of raising more
regularly.-U, a cog wheel and stop of the under side, with a handle near the
periphery of the said cog wheel to act as a crank on the top side; V, threo
rails, the rail that crosses the top of H is tennon'd. into the extremities of
those that form or lie to the right and left of it; W, the steps on which V
ride, with pins to keep the rails of V in their place; X, bands fasten'd at one
end to C, and the other extremity: passing through nuts fix'd to V, where they
are fasten'd by the end screws working thro' the side of their nuts against
them; Y, two legs fasten'd together at the lower end by a working joint, at
the upper ends the further is attach'd to the near rail of F, and that nearer
works upon a pin a little short of its extremity, with the catch falling into the
teeth of U, and as it works U round there is another catch on the same side
which prevents the said U from working back. Now F works Y, and Y works
U, and U works by its crank V, and X shifts C from right to left by turns in
the degree necessary by tightening and slackening the band X; Z is the near
step of E, screw'd to a short rail at one end, tenon'd into the near pillar of A,
near which the step of A is situated; the other extremity of the said rail is
fixed under a pin on a short upright leg, which at the lower end is screw'd to
the inside of the near rail of A. Now to set this machine to work, or stop-
it when working: for the latter move the said rail from under its pin, and by
raising it, the band on E slackens, and the machine stops; and having extended
the cloth from that near roller of I on which it is wound to that behind H, and
fix'd the handles in B with its cotters and button'd them down, you must
then bring the extremity of Z under its said pin, and the machine works.
And I, the said John Harmar, do hereby declare that my said Invention is
intended to be worked in the manner herein-before particularly mentioned.
As witness my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of April, One thousand
coon hundred and ninate four
Signed, sealed, and delivered (being
first duly stamp'd), by the within-
named John Harmar, in the pre-
JNO HARMAR. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord. 1794, the aforesaid John Harmar came before our said
Lord the King in Dis Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and 'specified,' in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of tho Statutes made for that purpose..
Inrolled the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and ninety-four.
BnXT 'NOLONIKIST