IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING OR RECOVERING THE SALTS CONTAINED IN MINERAL WATERS AND IN THE SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION THEREOF
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Julius Boult of the firm of W. P. Thompson &
Boult, Agents for Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323 High Holborn in the
county of Middlesex and 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the county of Lancaster
Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING
OR RECOVERING THE SALTS CONTAINED IN MINERAL WATERS AND IN THE
SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION THEREOF communicated to him from abroad by
Emile Kuhn of Clermont Ferrant in the republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Julius Boult at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1882.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of the firm of W. P. Thompson and Boult, Agents for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex
and 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Engineer "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING OR RECOVERING THE SALTS CONTAINED IN
MINERAL WATERS AND IN THE SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION THEREOF," [A communi-
cation to him from abroad by Emile Kuhn of Clermont Ferrant in the Republic of
France.]
The mineral waters are collected at the spring in suitable vessels capable of being
closed. These waters contain a certain amount of free carbonic acid gas which is
removed by endosmose, a porous receiver being employed for this purpose; the
whole of the gas passes into this receiver and some of the salts in suspension will
be mechanically deposited on the interior walls of the receivers. The water is
then poured into oscillating tanks placed in the freezing tanks of an ice making
machine by preference of the Carré type. The salts which have effloresced on the
interior of the receivers are collected, dried by exposure to the air and ultimately
mixed with those remaining in the solution and precipitated. The vibrating
motion of the oscillating tanks retards the degree of congelation of the water
bringing the freezing point down to about 12° below zero; now it is just at
...מ

page_text: e one
temperatures of from 2 to 12° below zero that the ferruginous and sodic compounds
collects in the congealed mass and evade concentration. Analysis of products
concentrated by freezing as heretofore practised always shows that these principles
are wanting. By retarding the congelation the distilled water freezes on the
hand and the mother liquor separates very distinctly on the other, but the
temperature of 25° degrees (which may be readily obtained by the aforesaid Carré
machine) must not be exceeded. ns then a considerable part of the alkaline
carbonates becomes diluted in a small quantity of water and collects in small
elongated pellets. A differential thermometer (preferably of the kind known as
P. Germain's) immediately warns when the oscillating tanks have to be raised from
the freezing tank. The ice is taken out and disposed of and the concentrated
water is mechanically precipitated in a separator with rotary motion.
The yet moist salts are dried naturally and at the ordinary temperature, and
are after being mixed with those first produced put into hermetically closed
bottles. The salts may serve for re-constituting the mineral waters and the mother
liquor for kneading into dough or pasto or for admixture in making drinks or
liquid extracts, of alimentary substances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alfred Julius Boult in the Great, Seal Patent Office on the
19th April 1883.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the firm of W. P. Thompson and Boult Agents for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, of 323 High Holborn, in the county of 1 Middlesex,
and 6 Lord Street Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster Engineer. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF OBTAINING OR RECOVERING THE SALTS' CONTAINED IN
MINERAL WATERS, AND IN THE SUBSEQUENT APPLICATION THEREOF." A communi-
cation to me from abroad by Emile Kuhn, of Clermont Ferrant, in the republic of
France.
1
For obtaining or extracting according to this invention,the, salts contained in
mineral waters saturated with carbonic acid whether such salts are to be obtained
in the form of crystals or of powder or whether they are to be added to liquid.or
pasty articles of food, the following process is employed
9
The mineral water is at the spring, gathered into reversible receptacles capable
of being closed. It contains a certain quantity of free carbonic acid gas. This
latter is first removed by endosmose, and some of the salts in suspension will be
mechanically deposited on the interior walls of the reversible receivers.
r
The water is then poured into oscillating or vibrating tanks in the freezing
tanks of an ice making machine. The salts which have effloresced on the interior
of the reversible, receivers are collected, dried by exposure to the air, and
ultimately mixed with those remaining in the solution and precipitated as will
hereinafter appear
"
The freezing machine may be made on the Carré principle so far as its con-
struction is concerned. By reason of the freezing liquid continually undergoing
distillation such a machine readily yields 25° C below zero.
A Carré machine (large size) has its boiler filled to a suitable level with
ammonia of 28° Cartier. Away from the effects of the furnace but connected
with the said boiler a vessel is provided which contains: 1st) Water which has
before use, been long exposed to the influence of air. 2nd) iron filings. This vessel
being permanently connected with a continuous-current battery ammonia in the
nascent state is continually formed and this ammonia is exceedingly apt to combine
with. the carbonate of iron of which the walls of the boiler. partly consist the
presence of which is the sole cause of the weakening of the ammonia solution
which is to produce the cold:
The tanks of gutta-percha which contain the mineral water have a continuous
oscillating or vibrating motion imparted to them by means of the effects of an
electric current which on the one hand passes through the water with the iron
filings to promote the disengagement of the nascent ammonia and on the other
hand operates a small motor or interruptor which automatically breaks the
current.
t
The vibrating motion retards the congelation of the water bringing the same
to 12° C below zero, and temperatures of from 2-12° below zero, the ferruginous
and sodic compounds collect in the congealed mass and evade concentration.
Analysis of products concentrated by freezing as heretofore practised, always
shows that these principles are wanting.
By retarding the congelation the distilled water freezes on the one hand and
the mother. liquor separates on the other, but the temperature of 25° C. must not be

page_text: exceeded as then a considerable part of the alkaline carbonates becomes diluted in
a small quantity of water and collects in small clongated pellets
A differential thermometer say P-Germain's immediately warns when the tanks
have to be raised from the freezing-tank.
The ice is taken out and disposed of to the consumers and the concentrated 5
water is mechanically precipitated in a separator with rotary motion...
The yet moist salts are dried naturally and at the ordinary temperature and
are, after being mixed with those produced as first herein described, put in
hermetically closed bottles. The salts serve for re-constituting the mineral waters
and the mother liquor for kneading into dough or paste or for admixture in making 1
drinks or liquid extracts of alimentary substances.
The special apparatus required for carrying out this invention is shown in
vertical section and plan in the accompanying drawings in which bare the
receivers, B the armatures, O rods connecting a row of receivers, r spring for
causing return motion when the magnet is inoperative, E the electro magnet; 1
Land fare the signals. d thermometer with differential vessels it may preferably
have platinum contacts. G is a.galvanometer, H thermo-electric battery, S coil of
pipe in the freezing tank, P pivots upon which the receivers for the water to be
frozen rest..
.
The permeable and reversible vessels or receivers hereinabove mentioned are 2
used only when the salts are required to be obtained dry, but where a concentrated
solution only is required they can be dispensed with. When they are used porous
vessels may be placed into them so as to effect the endosmose and the deposit of
dry salte more readily.
The remaining water is placed into tanks or vessels of such material as will not 2
be attacked by salt-water having an acid reaction.
The lower end of these vessels, whose height considerably exceeds their diameter,
is cupped somewhat as is usual in wine bottles and this allows them to rest on
pivots fixed in the freezing tank of an ice making machine. Their upper parts
are fitted with armatures for electro magnets, or as shown in the drawings they
are connected to a rod which terminates in an armature. The said vessels are
arranged in rows and a separate electro magnet is provided for each row, the
vessels of one row being connected. The current is supplied to the magnet by an
electrical interrupter so that the oscillating motion of the vessels is produced.as
and for the purpose hereinabove explained. The oscillation moreover drives out
all air or gas occluded in the water so that the ice produced is clear and solid.
1
A small quantity of chloride of sodium is retained if the freezing is pushed
to 15°, with aperient waters it is of importance to produce freezing at this
temperature, but 20° must not be much exceeded.
:
It will on completion be found that each vessel contains a clear block of ice, and
a small quantity of turbid water, this latter is the concentrated solution
To avoid the difficulties attendant. upon the use of a therinoineter a thermo-
electric battery may be employed within the freezing. tank, and act upon a galvano-
meter outside, the movement of the needle of the latter indicating how the
operation is progressing and electric signal bells may be used and would be caused
to sound both in case of disturbance and also when the necessary temperature has
been attained.
The degree to which the temperature has to be lowered will be ascertained by.
experiment as it varies according to the chemical constitution of, the water to be
treated.
When the concentration has been completed, the solution is best exposed to air in
wooden or india rubber vessels, and the salts will effloresce or slowly crystallize;
artificial evaporation is however to be avoided as it interferes with the proper
precipitation of chemical constituents.
By this process low-classes of mineral water can be concentrated and then used
instead of the higher ones, or the concentrated liquid may serve for re-producing a

page_text: beverage equal to the water from which it is derived, or the dry salts may be
similarly used; in either case great facility for transport will be one of the
advantages gained.
Having now described this invention and the method of performing the same as
communicated to me by my foreign correspondent I wish it to be understood that
what I claim and desire to protect under the hereinbefore in part recited Letters
Patent is;
The recovery of the salts contained in mineral waters which also contain carbonic
acid, by the employment of an ice making machine, (the water only freezing and
the salts separating therefrom as a concentrated solution in the form of mother
liquor,) and the use of such salts for improving articles of food.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred Julius Boult have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eighteenth day of April in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.