matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) MEANS OR METHOD FOR PREVENTING WHAT IS KNOWN AS PRIMING IN STEAM BOILERS, AND ALSO PREVENTING THE INTERIOR OF SUCH BOILERS FROM BECOMEING INCRUSTED WITH THE SALINE AND EARTHY PARTS OF THE WATER USED TO GENERATE STEAM THEREIN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Major at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1875. .
I, WILLAM MAJOR, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW (OR IMPROVED) MEANS OR METHOD FOR PREVENTING WHAT IS KNOWN AS
PRIMING IN STEAM BOILERS, AND ALSO PREVENTING THE INTERIOR OF SUCH BOILERS
FROM BECOMEING INCRUSTED WITH THE SALINE AND EARTHY PARTS OF THE WATER
USED TO GENERATE STEAM THEREIN," to be as follows:-
By the introduction into steam boilers of a small quantity of
petroleum or other similar mineral oil, the said oil being mixed with
the water used to generate steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING GASELIERS OR STREET LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lovelton Gosling and Leopold
Gluckstein at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 31st August 1875.
We, LOVELTON GOSLING, of 45, Victoria Road, Kilburn, in the
County of Middlesex, and LEOPOLD GLUCKSTEIN, of No. 22, Artesian
Road, Westbourne Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
LIGHTING GASELIERS OR STREET LAMPS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is simplicity of construction and certainty
of action of a peculiarly modified galvanic battery.
For the purpose of lighting gas the apparatus is constructed of
graphite or platinum plates as negative elements, contained in either
a circular or other suitable graphite chamber or bottle, the outside of
which is rendered impervious to the exciting solution by the application
of gutta percha or other suitable material.
The conducting wires are covered by a gutta percha or other suitable.
insulator inside a cane or stick of a suitable length for lighting ordinary
gaseliers, street lamps, &c.

page_text: The ends of the conductors are connected to a coil of very fine..
platinum wire, the incandescence of which ignites the gas at the
moment the zinc is brought into contact with the exciting liquid by the
application of the thumb to a wire or spring trigger.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CUTTING LEATHER OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES TO BE USED FOR BOOT OR SHOE STIFFENERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Guillaume
Boivin, of Montreal, Canada, Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CUTTING LEATHER
OR OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES TO BE USED FOR BOOT OR SHOE STIFFENERS," a
communication, to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in leaving projecting ears in the
part of the stiffener which comes when bent and shaped under the heel
so as to leave and secure more room for sewing or pegging the same.
The second part of the said Invention consists in leaving a recess or
deflection in the upper part of the stiffener so as to allow more room for
the back seam.
The third part of the said Invention consists in leaving one or more
points in the lower portion of the stiffener to secure more room for
sewing or pegging it.

page_text: The fourth part of the said Invention consists in cutting the ends of
the stiffeners in curves or straight lines so arranged that each combines
with the next, thereby economizing material and labour.
The fifth part of the said Invention consists in combining all the
different forms given to the boot or shoe stiffeners so that very little if 5
any material is lost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Shaw, Thomas
Crabtree, and William Woodhead at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st March
1875.
We, BENJAMIN SHAW, Gig Rod Maker and Smith, THOMAS
CRABTREE, Millwright, and WILLIAM WOODHEAD, Designer, all of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the "jacks" employed in looms for working
the healds or harness for "shedding" or forming the openings of the
warp for the introduction of the weft.
Heretofore the joint or hinged part of these "jacks" (which are con-
structed in two parts of cast iron hinged together) has been made by
means of a screw bolt or headed round shanked joint pin which passes
through one part fitting loosely so as to work therein, and is screwed
into the other part and rivitted, but the constant working or action of
the said jacks soon works the screw loose and it drops out (if not observed

page_text: by the attendant in time), and damage is done to the fabric by the
disconnection of the two parts of the jack, besides incurring the in-
convenience and expense of frequent repairs thereof.
Now our improvements consist in having the shank of the joint pin
square or of other angular form, and the hole in that part of the jack
made of suitable form so that the pin will fit therein, and so as not to
turn round in the hole, the head of the pin is turned bevil with a
small shoulder, and the other part of the jack made to fit and work or
turn thereon, the pin is then rivitted in the part as usual.
By this improved mode of jointing jacks we find that they are rendered 1
more durable, and there is also a saving in the first costs, as there is no.
requirement for the screwing of the pin or tapping of the hole or cutting
a nick in the head of the pin to receive a screwdriver for inserting it into
its place in the jack as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENT OF A BURNER OF PETROLEUM LAMPS AND COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Heinson Huch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1875.
I, EDWARD HEINSON HUOп, of Brunswick, in Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENT OF A BURNER
OF PETROLEUM LAMPS AND COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:
-
This Invention has for its object to improve the construction of the
burners of petroleum lamps and cooking apparatus. For this purpose I
construct the burner in the manner shewn in the Drawing hereunto
annexed. It consists of a reservoir A with a cylinder C to contain the
wick. The wick can be raised or lowered by two small wheels F, F'.
In the interior B of the cylinder is carried a tin vessel E in the form of
a funnel, and over this a circular tin plate of the same circumference as
the cylinder. Thus the air entering the lower end of the cylinder B will
after passing the funnel E be forced against the inner side of the flame
and by reason of the circular plate D will enter into close and continuous

page_text: connection therewith. By this means a sufficient quantity of air is
applied to the flame, so that a complete combustion of the petroleum is
obtained; thus increasing the temperature of the flame to a higher
degree than can be obtained with the flat burner constructions now
ordinarily in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harries and George
Redford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 29th December 1875.
We, THOMAS HARRIES and GEORGE REDFORD, both of Capel Ifan
Colliery, in the County of Carmarthen, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL," to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to obtain an artificial fuel which will
combine two great requisites of a good fuel, viz., freeness in burning
with high evaporative power. To this end we mix bituminous coal with
anthracite coal in the proportions of about two-thirds of bituminous
coal to one-third of anthracite coal, and in order to cause cohesion in
the mass we make use of any suitable hydrocarbon (by preference pitch)
in the proportions of from 5 to 7 per cent.
The admixture of these materials is carried out in any convenient
manner, and when the mixture is completed the fuel thus produced may
be pressed in moulds, and thereby formed into blocks of suitable size
when it will be ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Mirfield and John
Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th November 1875.
We, MATTHEW MIRFIELD, of Montserrat Mills, Holme Lane, near
Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted Top Maker, and JOHN SCOTT,
of the same Place, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:―
These improvements relate to apparatus to be applied either to the
internal or the external face of a circular comb for the purpose of
combing the noil or other objectionable matters out of the ends of the
tufts of wool or other fibrous substances placed on the circular comb,
whereby the said ends or tufts are perfectly cleansed, and after which
they pass on to the drawing off rollers in the ordinary way.
This apparatus consists of a revolving porcupine or toothed barrel of
suitable form, or so constructed as to be applied at an angle or a tangent
to the face of the circular comb, so as to commence operation on the
points of the tufts or ends of the slivers. This porcupine is also made
OR IMPROVED CARTRIDGE CASE FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Haden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1875.
I, FRANK HADEN, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancashire,
"A NEW
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
OR IMPROVED CARTRIDGE CASE FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in making cartridge cases for breech-loading
fire-arms with a recess at the breach end thereof to receive the nipple
and cap. The recess should be sufficiently deep, so that the nipple and
cap are somewhat below or just flush with the flange or rim of cartridge
case
Year: 1875

page_text: from the ashes, and a fixed shoot for conducting the ashes to the pan or
receptacle.
At the back or side of the closet and behind the wall or partition I fix
an inclined shoot for conducting the ashes to the receptacle, and above
this shoot I hinge the riddle or sifter, the normal position of this riddle
being inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees backwards and
downwards, or at such an angle as would dischargo the cinders and let
the ashes fall through. Above this riddle I also hinge a tray into which
the cinders and ashes are placed as they are removed from the fire-place;
the normal position of this tray is also inclined backwards in a similar
manner to the riddle, and the two are so connected together so that
when the tray is raised up into the horizontal position the riddle follows
it, and vice versa. There is an opening across the bottom of the tray
near to the hinges, but in the normal position of the tray (that is
inclined downwards at the back) the ashes would remain in the back
part of the tray and not fall through this opening.
The tray is provided with a lever, chain, or cord, by means of which it
can be raised to the horizontal position or tilted a little forwards, and
each time that this occurs some of the ashes and cinders will fall
through the opening on to the riddle or sifter, which is also raised into
the horizontal position owing to its connection with the tray as before
mentioned. As soon as the lever, chain, or cord is released the tray is
tilted backwards and the riddle or sifter falls into its inclined position,
causing the cinders to roll down its inclined surface into a receptacle
provided for that purpose, whilst the fine ashes pass through the riddlo
and fall down the fixed shoot into the pan or night soil receptacle below
the seat.
In order to ensure the correct position of this pan or receptacle
beneath the seat we provide a fixed slab or foundation with raised
flanges, and the pan or receptacle being placed on this slab between the
flanges and then pushed forward as far as it will go, its correct position
THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW OR IMPROVED UNWOVEN FABRIC
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hirst Hebblethwaite at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th August 1875.
I, GEORGE HIRST HEBBLETHWAITE, of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Wool, Cotton, and Silk Merchant, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF A NEW OR IMPROVED UNWOVEN
FABRIC," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the production of a fabric composed of silk
noil or the waste of silk, and any gummy or adhesive substance com-
bined therewith to cause the silk noil to adhere the better.
The process of fabrication or manufacture is effected in a somewhat
similar manner to that adopted for the production of woollen felted
fabrics.
Such fabrics may be used to substitute ordinary woven or felted
fabrics for carpets, druggets, or floorcloths, and especially as a "packing,"
or to be laid under carpets and other articles.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GUAGE GLASSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Tomey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1875.
I, JOSEPH TOMEY, of Aston, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATER GUAGE GLASSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the ordinary glass tube now in use with the
addition of one part or half being enamelled of a white or any other
suitable colour. It is well known that there is a great difficulty with
the transparent glass now in use in ascertaining the water it contains,
but by the application of the enamel it shews it at a glance. The enamel
runs longitudinally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLE GIRTHS FOR HORSES
Year: 1875

page_text: ་
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Beck at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Alsis
Steinbach & Co, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BECK, of 139, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLE GIRTHS FOR HORSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for object the maintainance of the tension of the
saddle giths by self-acting means, notwithstanding the contraction of
the horse's belly during the exercise of riding, and consists in inserting
in the saddle girth a series of springs so arranged as to take up or
compensate for any slackness occurring in such girth.
An arrangement of locking apparatus consisting of a click and ratchet
plate is employed in connection with the springs to prevent the loosening
of the girth after having been tightened up by such springs. Such locking
apparatus is so adapted that although it decs not allow of the loosening

page_text: of the girth it does admit of the further contraction of such girth as may
be required to maintain the necessary tightness. The range of the
springs is, limited by a stop or other suitable instrument, so as to
prevent the excessive stretching of such springs when buckling on the
saddle.
IMPROVED MEANS OF PRESERVING BEERS AND OF RECOVERING SOUR OR TURNED BEERS AND SIMILAR LIQUIDS, ALSO MILK AND SOLID BODIES REQUIRING TO BE PRESERVED, AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Benjamin Gibbons
and Richard Allison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st July 1875.
WC, CHRISTOPHER BENJAMIN GIBBONS and RICHARD ALLISON, both
of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF PRESERVING BEERS AND OF
RECOVERING SOUR OR TURNED BEERS AND SIMILAR LIQUIDS, ALSO MILK AND
SOLID BODIES REQUIRING TO BE PRESERVED, AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE," to
be as follows-
--
Thus Invention relates to improved means of preserving beers and of
recovering sour or turned beers and similar liquids, also milk and solid
bodies requiring such treatment, and apparatus for the purpose, and
consists in generating carbonic acid gas in a vessel of cylindrical or
other shape, frem which pipes convey the gas into a reservoir
From the reservoir the gas under the pressure of a falling head or
cap is forced though pipes into barrels, casks, or other receptacles, in
which the ends of the pipes or branches thereon fit in an air-tight
manner.

page_text: Each pipe or branch is provided with a tap so that its passage can be
shut off or opened at will.
The Invention is specially for use in publicans' collars, in which the
barrels or casks are arranged side by side upon a stand, the end of the
branch pipes fitting the spile pegs or ordinary bung holes.
The liquor is charged with the gas in proportion as it is drawn off by
the engine, and is thereby preserved or prevented turning sour; the
gas also recovers beer that may have turned from change of tem-
perature or other causes, and establishes the brilliancy and freshness of
new brewings.
The branch pipes may dip into the liquor, if desired, the gas enabling
us to dispense with the ordinary vent peg.
For keeping milk or for recovering sour milk I attach a pipe to a
hermetically scaling lid, and connect one of my branch pipes. The pipe
leads gas to the upper part of the vessel, thereby effecting the recovery
by its action.
In preserving meat, poultry, fruit, and similar bodies we prefer to
place them in a room or chamber, into which, after the doors and
other openings are closed, to inject carbonic acid gas by our apparatus.
5
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Theodore Dann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1875.-A communication from abroad by Jacques
Abadie, of 8, Place Belfort, Toulouse, in the Republic of France.
I, JOSEPH THEODORE DANN, of 1, Crawshay Road, North Brixton, in
the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOWING AND
REAPING MACHINES," a communication to me from abroad by Jacques
Abadie, of 8, Place Belfort, Toulouse, in the Republic of France, to be as
follows:-
Instead of using a double-edged tooth working right and left against
a motionless obstacle forming the finger of the machine, as has hitherto
been done in mowing and reaping machines, I use the finger only for
guarding and protecting the cutting organs, and between the finger and
the usual triangular tooth I employ a blade working in the same
manner as the tooth, but with a reversed alternate motion, that is to
say, meeting the tooth, and in this manner I enable the cutting rod to
preserve at all times its normal vertical position, which it cannot in the
ordinary machines working with one cutting organ only.

page_text: To the finger bar one end of which works on the ground I fit at the
other end a set of muffs and axes connecting it with the driving vehicle.
The fingers having only the object of protecting the cutting organs, and
acting as their forerunners, I bend them upward and fit each of them
with two bolts to the finger bar. The blades I so arrange as to make
each of them pivot upon one of the finger bolts, being guided by a pin
passing through their fork-shaped tail ends. I place the connecting rod
by which the motion is given in communication with two flat bars, one
of which is furnished with saw teeth, whereas the other bestows on the
cutting blades an alternate motion, so as to make them work alternately
right and left against the teeth and in this way cut the crops. The
effect produced by this method is analogous to that produced by the
working of a pair of scissors, and by this double action of the blades
the derangement of any of the organs of the machine is effectually
prevented.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE INCRUSTATION OF STEAM ENGINE BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mason at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1875.
I, WILLIAM MASON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Corn Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PREVENTION OF THE INCRUSTATION OF STEAM ENGINE
BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Namely, that when the boiler is empty for the cleaning or any other
cause, I introduce pure plumbago into it, say about 1 of pure plumbago
to every nominal ten horse-power of the boiler, but a little more or less
may be used, according to the nature of the water supplied to the boiler,
or the plumbago may be introduced when the boiler is more or less full
of water. This will effectually prevent the incrustation of steam boilers
without in any way injuring the same, but on the contrary, will leave
the plates bright and clean when the water is blown off for the purposes
of examination or cleaning, and whatever sediment there may be will be
of the nature of dust or of a loose kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry Gray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd December 1875.
I, JOSEPH HENRY GRAY, of Glen Anne, in the County of Armagh,
in Ireland, Linen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the warping, beaming, dressing, and
weaving of textile fabrics, and consists in the use of a reed applied in
the ordinary way, but having a novel arrangement of the splits in order
to give the yarn a wider space to work in. For this purpose I employ
two or more rows of splits with the splits in the adjoining rows placed
alternately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARETTES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cope at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1875.
I, THOMAS COPE, of the Firm of Cope Brothers and Company, of
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARETTES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent the mouth-pieces of cigarettes,
especially those of the larger sizes, from being flattened during smoking,
and to prevent the tobacco from being drawn into the mouth.
In carrying the Invention into practice a mouth-piece of the novel.
construction or form hereafter described is enclosed with the tobacco
by a wrapper to form each cigarette.
The mouth-piece is externally of cylindrical or other desired form,
but instead of having a large open through passage as heretofore has
been usual it is constructed or formed with strengthening cells or
stays.

page_text: One method is to place one, two, or more, usually three bands of
rolled volutewise within the cylindrical or other shell.
paper
Another method is to place one, two, or more, usually three, smaller
hollow cylinders within the cylindrical or other shells.
A third method is to place strengthening stays within the shell of the
mouth-piece.
And a fourth method is to mould shell and strengthening stays in one
piece. In all these modifications a number of free openings for draught
would be left.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY COACHES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1875.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY COACHES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to what is known in the construction of
railway coaches as the break. I apply blocks to the wheels in the
usual way, but keep the blocks below the centre of the wheels; to these
blocks I connect a lever in such a manner that when this lever is lifted
by any known means, the blocks are forced against the wheels; further
I construct a self-acting lever which is held in position by a detent
running under the coach; these detents are coupled together between
the coaches by a chain or cord, and in the event of a train breaking in
two these detents are moved and the lever drops, and the blocks are
pressed against the wheels to stop the broken away part of the train.

page_text: Also my improvements relate to the construction of fastenings for the
carriage doors; I make the staple or striking plate elastic to yield to the
pressure of the lock, this prevents wear and acts as a safety fastening;
also I place along the coach at any convenient part a bar of iron with
suitable stops formed on it; these stops are made to come in front of the
doors when required to fasten them, this can be moved either mechanically
or by means of magnetism in a manner well understood by electricians.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIFE CLEANING MACHINERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Atkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1875.
I, JOSEPH ATKINSON, of the City of Manchester, Domestic Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNIFE CLEANING MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention refers to those descriptions of knife cleaning machines,
in which each of the knives is held stationary and pointing in a radial
direction towards the axis of revolving brushes, consisting of wooden
discs lined with strips of buff leather on their inner surfaces, and has
for its object the steadying of the knives in position, the preventing of
injury to the machine by drawing in the knives when the handle is
turned in the wrong direction, and to improve the durability of the buff
leathers forming the polishing surfaces. Now this Invention consists in
constructing such knife cleaning machines with a double stay for each
knife, rising from and secured to the external casing of the machine, and
between which double stay the knife is passed in introducing it into the
slot of the machine; these double stays or standards are so arranged that
in case the machine is worked in the wrong direction the knives are

page_text: prevented being drawn into the machine, and when working in the
proper direction the knives are held steadier, and consequently the wear
and tear upon the revolving brushes is considerably reduced; this is still
further secured by forming slots or hollows in the metallic blocks to
receive the back of the knife whilst being cleaned in the machine, and
thus to prevent such knife moving sideways; one or two of these slotted
blocks being employed for steadying the carving knife, so as to permit
not only the whole of the blade but the shoulder of such carving knife
to be cleaned.
The improvement in the india-rubber springs for supporting the buff 1
leather strips in the revolving brushes consists in making such springs
of solid vulcanised india-rubber formed thus
in cross section instead
of having them made hollow or tubular or in the form of flat strips
as sometimes practised.
In some machines I arrange two series of brushes on one spindle 1
having a collar on the centre of such spindle, and I cause each of the
inner discs or brushes to be forced outwards towards its fellow by the
application of a spiral metallic or india-rubber spring.
"
If the machine is to be driven by power I arrange a fast and loose
pulley on the spindle with a break, by preference connected to a strap 2
fork in order to cause the machine to stop in the proper position for
withdrawing and introducing the knives, or instead of a break I apply
a catch to come into play for the same purpose immediately the strap has
been moved by the strap fork on to the loose pulley.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PATTERNS OR DESIGNS IN METALS ON SILK HANDKERCHIEFS, LADIES' SCARVES, AND SILK PIECE GOODS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Batty Andrew, William
Burrowes, and George Beresford Attkins at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 30th December
1875.
We, CHARLES BATTY ANDREW, WILLIAM BURROWES, and GEORGE
BERESFORD ATTKINS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PATTERNS OR DESIGNS IN METALS ON SILK
HANDKERCHIEFS, LADIES' SCARVES, AND SILK PIECE GOODS," to be as follows:-
Designs in metals have not hitherto been produced on silk hand-
kerchiefs, ladies' scarves, and silk piece goods, and our object is to
achieve that result simply and economically.
We first engrave the required design on a block of wood or metal,
which is then covered with a composition acting as a mordant, and
placed under or over the article on which the design is desired to be
reproduced. Mechanical pressure is then applied to the block to
produce an impression on the silk fabric, after which the required
metal is applied, and by its adhering to the composition forms the
pattern desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE GASES DEVELOPED BY THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHLORIDES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHLORINE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hasenclever at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1875.
I, ROBERT HASENCLEVER, of Stolberg, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Director of the Chemical Works, "Rhenania," do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE
GASES DEVELOPED BY THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHLORIDES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
CHLORINE," to be as follows:—
In lieu of Deacon's method of decomposing by direct contact with
blue vitriol the gases developed by the decomposition of alkaline
chlorides I previously separate from these gases the sulphuric acid,
sulphurous acid, and other impurities contained therein, and I then
bring the resulting purified hydrochloric acid in that part of the
decomposer that serves to separate the chlorine and the hydrogen.
The separation of the sulphuric acid and other impurities from the said
gaseous compounds is effected by passing the same in contact with acid
or water containing chlorine or with lime, clay, common salt, chloride
of calcium, or other suitable known substances that have greater affinity
for the sulphuric acid and other impurities than the hydrochloric acid.
A COMBINED BEVEL, SQUARE, PROTRACTOR, SLOPE LEVEL, SPIRIT LEVEL, RULE, AND COMPASSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ascough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1875.
I, WILLIAM ASCOUGH, of Buffalo, in the County of Erie, and State
of New York, one of the United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A COMBINED BEVEL, SQUARE,
PROTRACTOR, SLOPE LEVEL, SPIRIT LEVEL, RULE, AND COMPASSES," to be as
follows:-
I combine within a small compass a number of tools for carpenters,
joiners, stone cutters, machinists, &c., used in such a manner that the
instrument can be easily carried about the person or mechanic having
use for the same, and that will be perfectly reliable in all its parts. And
it consists in providing the wooden or metallic stock of a level with a
movable tongue, having the usual division of inches and fractions of
inches on its face, and turning upon a stationary pivot, whereupon I also
movably attach a protractor divided on its face into the usual degrees
of the compass, and attach the same by a thumbscrew to the movable
tongue. I also fasten a projecting piece to this tongue level with the
AN IMPROVED LIQUID COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION FOR BRONZING COPPER, BRASS, ZINC, AND OTHER METALS, AND FOR PREVENTING THE DISCOLOURING OF GOLD, SILVER, AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Joseph Roucou at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1875.
I, LOUIS JOSEPH ROUCOU, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN IMPROVED
LIQUID COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION FOR BRONZING COPPER, BRASS, ZINC, AND OTHER
METALS, AND FOR PREVENTING THE DISCOLOURING OF GOLD, SILVER, AND OTHER
METALS," to be as follows:-
A composition of about six parts sulphur of potassium or similar
sulphurs, six parts of salt of lead, twelve of ammonia or similar salts,
three parts acetic acids, six of hydrochloric or similar acids, when in
combination form a mixture with which I give to articles manufactured
of copper, brass, zinc, and other metals the colour of bronze as desired.
By altering the proportions and adding or taking away from any of
the above described substances I obtain a different mixture, which when
applied to the surface of works or articles made of gold, silver, and other
metals will preserve to the said works and articles their original colour
and prevent their oxidisation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ORES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
December 1875.
I, JOHN PARKINSON, of Great Dover Street, Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, Mineral Agent, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ORES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of ores in order to effect the
separation of the constituents of the same, and consists in submitting the
ores when in a fine state of division, and contained in a partially closed
apparatus, to the action of a blast or current of atmospheric air, whereby
such finely divided ores are caused to be carried by such flast or current,
whereby the constituents of the ores in their passage through such
partially closed apparatus will be deposited according to their several
specific gravities, the heavier constituents of the ores being firstly
deposited and subsequently those constituents of lighter specific gravity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SWIVELS AND WATCH KEYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edmonds and Edwin
Edmonds at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th September 1875.
We, GEORGE EDMONDS and EDWIN EDMONDS, both of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Swivel Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SWIVELS AND WATCH KEYS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to the loops of swivels and watch keys,
and consists of the improvements herein-after described in making the
said loops and connecting them to the bodies of the swivels or watch
keys. By our Invention the manufacture of the said loops is economized
and the ordinary rivetting collet and rivetted head by which the swivel
is attached to the stem are dispensed with.
We will describe our Invention as applied to a swivel; we make the
loop of the swivel of a piece of wire bent into a nearly complete ring,
and between the ends of this ring a collet of a cup shape is soldered,
the closed end of the cup like collet projecting into the ring. We make
the said cup shaped collet by a drawing through process effected in dies,

page_text: that is, we take a blank and place it upon a lower die having in it an
opening of the diameter of the collet to be made, and by the descent of
an upper punch or forcing through tool the blank is forced through the
lower die and raised into a cup form. The loop composed of the ring
and raised or drawn_through_collet_is_connected_to_the_body_of_the_
swivel in the following manner :- We make a stem on the top of the
body of the swivel, and in the said stem we compress a neck or
contracted part. We make the said neck or contraction by means of a
pair of compressing dies worked in a press.
In securing the loop to the stem of the body the cup like collet of
the loop is passed over the head of the said stem, and by means of a
pair of dies the open end of the said cup like collet is compressed or
forced into the neck; the loop is thereby securely connected to the body
and is at the same time capable of swivelling or rotating upon the
body.
By our Invention there is no projecting head within the loop, and the
said loop in consequence has a neater appearance than the loops of
IMPRovement of TempERING FLAT AND SHAPED GLASS, AND FURNACES TO BE EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Heinson Huch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th April 1875.
I, EDWARD HEINSON ПUCH, of Brunswick, in Gormany, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPRovement of TempERING
FLAT AND SHAPED GLASS, AND FURNACES TO BE EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as
follows.-
This Invention has for its object improvement of tempering flat and
shaped glass, and furnaces to be employed therefor.
For the purpose of tempering glass, in place of employing oils,
wax, tar, or resinous or bituminous substances, as has heretofore been
proposed, I employ a bath of butter or tallow. The oven in which the
glass is heated prior to being immersed in the bath I arrange in such
manner that the muffle is moveable, so that by inclining the muffle the
After having heated
heated glass may be caused to slide into the bath
the flat or shaped object of glass to a temperature of about 400 degrees
Celenis I plunge it into the bath of butter or tallow heated to a
temperature of about 300 degrees.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNITURE CASTERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Lasnier at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1875.
I, ETIENNE LASNIER, of Dijon, Department of Côte d'Or, France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNITURE CASTERS," to be as follows :—
The roller is supported by and turns between two arms terminating
above in a circular table, from the centre of which rises the spindle
which turns in a socket terminating in a hollow shoulder; within this
space a small disc moves on rollers, the disc's axis being the shaft of the
caster.
The socket is provided with two screw projections, or a screw thread
which renders it solid with the foot of the table or other piece of
furniture. By this mode of construction the caster and shaft turn in
the socket fixed in the table or chair leg (as the case may be), the rollers
and disc turning within the hollow shoulder of the socket on the flat
surface above the roller supports, thus admitting of the caster readily
turning in any direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING SHUTTERS AND BLINDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1876. A communication
from abroad by Wilhelm Tillmanns, Manufacturer, of Remscheid, Prussia.
EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING SHUTTERS AND BLINDS."
A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Tillmanns, Manufacturer, of Remscheid,
Prussia.
This Invention relates to improvements in window shutters and screens, and
combines the advantages of "revolving shutters," Venetian, and canvas blinds, and
consists of bands of sheet metal which are bent to the desired form and formed
with a rib in the middle to give rigidity, and having their edges rolled longitudi-
nally for the reception of bolts.
These bands or thin metal plates are fastened at their opposite rolled edges to
one of two chains, one of which is the fore chain or so-called "adjusting chain," the
other the rear chain or "supporting chain," both of these chains being formed of
links joined by means of light bolts.
For opening the blind, after the manner of a "Venetian," a strong endless cord is
passed over a groove in the winding pulley and over a smaller grooved pulley fixed
in any desired position, and a baud, cord, or chain is attached to a drum on the
shaft of the winding pulley at one end and at the other end to a second shaft, which
is fixed to and forms the head of the shutter or blind; and a light cord or chain is
attached to the fore chain and thence passed over a roll on the shutter head shaft
and attached to the winding shaft. Upon hauling on the endless band the angle of
inclination of the strips of metal forming the shutter may be adjusted, and the
rolling of the blind be also effected if such hauling be continued. The endless hand
or cord is arranged to be sufficiently taut to restrain the uncoiling of the adjusted,
rolled, or swindled shutter. This form of blind or shutter may also be used as a
safety shutter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING MIXED WOOLLEN FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEPARATING THE WOOL FROM ANY OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH FABRIC
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Bamford, of Royton, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING MIXED
WOOLLEN FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEPARATING THE WOOL FROM ANY
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH FABRIC."
Scaled the 15th August 1870, and dated the 15th June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Bamford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1876.
SAMUEL BAMFORD, of Royton, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF TREATING MIXED WOOLLEN FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
SEPARATING THE WOOL FROM ANY OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL EMPLOYED IN Tthe
MANUFACTURE OF SUCH FABRIC."
The object of this Invention is to utilize waste fabrics or rags composed of wool
or worsted mixed with some other fibrous material (commonly called Bradford
goods), by treating them with the solution herein-after mentioned, the result of
which is the entire destruction of any other fibrous material, such as cotton, silk, or
flax, the wool or worsted remaining perfectly unaffected, merely requiring stoving
and carding to become ready for the wool mixing.
The solution I employ consists of the following ingredients, but it must be clearly
understood that I do not confine myself entirely to the exact proportions here
stated, as they may be modified without materially affecting the results:-
Common vitriol
Oil of vitriol
Wbite vitriol
Ammonia -
Chloride of lime
Two-thirds.
One-twelfth.
One-twelfth.
One-twelfth,
One-twelfth.
Water is then added until the strength of the mixture is reduced to about ten
degrees Twaddle's hydrometer.
The fabrics to be treated are then boiled in this mixture for about ten or twenty
minutes, when the wool or worsted will be found to remain alone, any other fibrous
material present being reduced to a fine and almost impalpable powder.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CHAIN CARLES OR MOORINGS, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1876.
JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Ilkley, near Leeds, in the County of York.
"AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CHAIN CARLES OR MOORINGS, AND IN THE MECHANISM
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
The object of this Invention is to manufacture chain cables or moorings while
weight for weight will possess much more strength and safety than those in common
use.
In manufacturing these cables, instead of taking a solid bar and forming it into a
link by welding, I take a bar of iron or steel of the required breadth, but not of the
required thickness, and by suitable mechanism I coil it into a ring lap upon lap
until I have acquired the necessary thickness, the number of laps will depend upon
the thickness of the bar used, thus form a perfect link without a weld, which link
by suitable pressure can be converted into the necessary shape, before or during
pressure I insert a centre piece which will materially support the link.
It will be necessary that a sufficient length of the bar to be used should be convex
on one side to form the first or inside lap, and that the convex side must form the
inside of the link, this I accomplish either by welding to the bar a sufficient lengthi
of the proper shape, or by putting so much of the bar through special rollers to give
the convex side as is requisite.
The mechanism or apparatus in the formation of the rings or links is some-
what as follows:-I take a metal ring, circular or nearly so in shape, in accordance
with the thickness of bar in use, on the lower edge of this ring is formed a
flange, which flange can be perfectly circular and recessed into a block or table piece
and free to revolve therein. Either the internal portion of the ring or the external
face of the flange can have teeth cut or cast therein, and the ring can be caused to
revolve either by gearing, worm wheels, or other suitable means. The ring is made
of sufficient breadth and size in diameter suitable for the breadth of bar to be
used and size of link required and different sized rings will be required for different
strengths of cable.
The bar properly prepared is attached by its convex end to the ring which is
caused to revolve, by which means the bar is lapped round and round one lap upon
the other until the link is of the propor thickness, it is then taken off the ring and

page_text: will be found to be a perfect link of a circular shape. A gap or opening is made in
the ring of sufficient size to admit of the entrance of an already manufactured link
so that as one link is manufactured it is formed or lapped inside the other, after
the insertion of the link into the ring the gap or opening may be filled up with a
movable piece until the next link is lapped on, and so on.