Improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Wheel-tyres.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 27th Apr., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Wheel-tyres.
I, ANTHONY PULBROOK, of 8, Unwin Mansions, Queen's Club Gardens, West
Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
I use various methods of securing the edge or edges of the outside part of the
tyre to the opposite edge or edges when the inner part of the tyre is clamped or
secured to the rim as described in the Specification of my Patent No. 9697 of 1897
or when the tyre is fastened to the rim in any other manner from its inside I
may stiffen one or both edges in any manner to bridge over any unsupported
loop or loops and insert
gap or gaps. For instance I may have a hem or hems or a
in it or them flexible plates, wires, ropes, chains, or bands of a practically inexten-
as metal, celluloid or closely woven fabric.
sible pliable material such
one
this inextensible material in
means
part
I may fasten by any
to the inextensible material in the other part preferably having a
flap from the inside of the outer half passing down inside the junction
of the two parts; this flap may be stiffened by any suitable means where it abuts
on the junction. I sometimes fasten one part to the other by attaching loops
or eyes or the like contrivances outside that part of the cover which will be over-
lapped by the other part and in that part overlapping I make slits, holes, cuts,
or slots for the loops, eyes, or like contrivances to pass through. I may or may
not have loops, eyes, or like contrivances in that part overlapping between the
respective slits, holes, cuts or slots. Now it will be understood that on passing
a plate, band, wire, chain, or other inextensible material through the loops, eyes,
or like contrivances, the two parts will be securely fastened together. I sometimes
use nuts, screws, bolts, levers, or other arrangements for joining or tightening
up the said wires, plates, chains, or bands, or I may pass one or both ends
thereof through holes or slots in the rim. I may pass the plates, bands, wires,
chains, or other inextensible material more than once round the rim, the said
wires, plates or bands may overlap, or any stiff end or ends thereof, whether the
plate, band, wire, chain or other inextensible material be in one or several pieces
may be inserted in sleeves in one or several places; or one part thereof may have
wires, bolts, or other rigid material attached to it, which wires, bolts, or other
rigid material may pass into sleeves in or attached to the other part. I may
have a hook in one end of the inextensible material and an eye or loop in the
other for it to engage into. I may have a recess or recesses in the side or sides
of the rim, or a ledge or ledges in the middle thereof upon which a rigid or
inextensible plate or plates, which may or may not overlap, may rest, the corre-
sponding part of the tyre having a projecting thickened-edge tube containing
a compressible or incompressible fluid, or the like. Now it will be understood
that on placing the edge or side containing the rigid or inextensible plate or
0 plates over and inside the part or edge containing the projecting thickened-edge
tube containing a compressible or incompressible fluid or the like, and on inflating
the tyre the pressure will force the former edge against the latter, which will
be thereby forced against the side of the rim, and being firmly held between two
inextensible or rigid surfaces will prevent that part of the tyre having the project-
15 ing thickened-edge tube containing a compressible or incompressible fluid or the

page_text: like, from being drawn through. I may or may not have pins or bolts passing
from the edge or edges of the cover through holes or slots in the rim, and theu
secured in any known manner to prevent the side or sides of the cover or flaps
becoming loose in case of deflation. I use the foregoing method of securing the
sides whether the' tyre is clamped or similarly fastened to the rim as described
in the Specification of my aforesaid Patent No. 9697 of 1897 or in any other
manner. I sometimes fix or clamp the tyre to the rim from its inside in the
following manner: I take a strong piece of practically unstretchable textile
fabric such as webbing, and thoroughly impregnate it with rubber solution or
a mixture of and balata solution, or any parts thereof, or of any like flexible gum.
I then treat the inside of the tyre in the same way and tightly solution the two
together on to the rim. The tyre may or may not be cemented or solutioned to
the rim on its outside. I may pass the webbing or like material more than once
round the inside of the tyre. Instead of solution I may use any known cement
suitable for the purpose.
Another part of my invention consists in an easy method of quickly and
temporarily repairing a pneumatic tyre when punctured, particularly a single
tube tyre. Having found the puncture I clear away all the dust, dirt and mois-
ture as much as possible at the punctured spot. 'I then put a patch in the usual
well known manner over the puncture and inflate the tyre sufficiently to make it
take its shape without blowing the patch off. I then smear over all, and so as
to extend some distance beyond the patch, rubber solution preferably of a thick
consistency, and 'made with bi-sulphide of carbon, or petroleum, ether, or other
quick drying hydro-carbon, or what is known as soft rubber. I then take an
arch-shaped piece of leather, fish skin, or like flexible material wide enough to
extend well beyond the puncture and made waterproof by treatment with rubber
or rubber and balata, or other like gum, and having its edges longitudinally
bevilled off, and I smear the inside with similar solution, or soft rubber, and
place it over the patch in such a manner that the patch is as near the centre
longitudinally of the arch-shaped piece or shield as possible.
I may or may not have airtight chambers filled with a compressible or incom-
pressible fluid in the centre or side or sides of the arch-shaped patch. I may
or may not have a hem, or loops, eyelet-holes, or other device in the side or sides
of the arch-shaped piece through which to pass wires, tapes, cords, or other like
flexible material for fastening the piece to the rim in order to prevent it creeping.
It will now be understood that if the ends of these wires, tapes, cords or other
like flexible material be brought round the rim and fastened. on either side to the
nearest spokes they will retain the cover or patch in place until such time as a
permanent repair can be made, whilst the airtight compartments in the cover,
when it is fastened down, will cause an equal pressure to be exerted over the
patch to prevent it being blown off or leaking, or I may fasten inextensible tapes
or bands of textile material or cords or strings, preferably protected by being
impregnated, with rubber,, or waterproof solution of balata and rubber or any
part thereof round the rim and over the shield preferably crosswise and brought
round the other side of the nearest spokes for support to prevent creeping or I
may have eyelet holes, hooks or other contrivances in the sides or edges of the
arch-shaped shield to enable it to be securely fastened to the rim and spokes in any
suitable manner.
For this purpose I may use plates of metal or the like passing from the edge
of the shield round the rim and then attached or secured in any suitable manner
to the other side.
021
1
1 1000
Dated
this 27th day of April 1808.

page_text: Improvements in or connected with rue
I, ANTHONY PULBROOK, of 8, Unwin Mansions, Queen's Club Gardens, West
ensington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
rly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
I use various methods of securing the edge or edges of the outside part of the
yre to the opposite edge or edges when the inner part of the tyre is clamped
r secured to the rim as described in the Specification of my Patent No. 9697 of
897 or when the tyre is fastened to the rim in any other manner from its inside.
may stiffen one or both edges in any manner to bridge over any unsupported
ongitudinal gap or gaps. For instance I may have a hem or hems, or a loop
or loops and insert in it or them flexible or partly flexible plates, wires, ropes,
chains or bands of a practically inextensible pliable material such as metal,
celluloid or closely woven fabric. I may fasten by any means this inextensible
material in one part to the inextensible material in the other part having a flap
which may be airtight from the inside of the outer half passing down inside the
junction of the two parts; this flap may be stiffened by any suitable means where
it abuts on the junction of the edge or edges, or may have fluid-tight compart-
ments attached to it as described in my aforesaid Patent No. 9697 of 1897 or
at its base a circular band of thin elastic material such as rubber. I sometimes
fasten one part to the other by attaching loops or eyes or the like contrivances
outside that part of the cover which will be overlapped by the other part, and
in that part over-lapping I make slits, holes, cuts, or slots for the loops, eyes, or
like contrivances to pass through. I may or may not have loops, eyes, or like
contrivances in that part overlapping between the respective slits, holes, cuts
or slots. Now it will be understood that on passing a plate, band, wire, chain
or other inextensible material through the loops, eyes, or like contrivances, the
two overlapping parts will be securely fastened together. I sometimes use nuts,
screws, bolts, levers, or other arrangements for joining or tightening up the said
wires, plates, chains, or bands, or I may pass one or both ends thereof through
holes or slots in the rim. I may pass the plates, bands, wires chains or other
inextensible material more than once round the rim, the said wires, plates, or
bands may overlap, or any stiff end or ends thereof, whether the plate, band, wire,
chain or other inextensible material be in one or several pieces, may be inserted
in sleeves in one or several places; or one part, thereof may have wires, bolts,
5 or other rigid material attached to it which wires, bolts, or other rigid material
may pass into sleeves in or attached to the other part I may have a hook in one
end of the inextensible material, and an eye or loop in the other for it to engage
into. I may have a recess or recesses in the side or sides of the rim, or a ledge
or ledges therein upon which a rigid or inextensible plate or plates (the ends of
40 which may or may not overlap, or which plate or plates may be attached to or
inserted in the aforesaid flap) may rest, the corresponding part of the tyre or
other side of the flap having a projecting thickened edge tube containing a com
pressible or incompressible fluid, or the like. Now it will be understood tha
on placing the edge, or flap containing the rigid or inextensible plate or plate
45 over and inside the part or edge having the projecting thickened-edge tube con
taining a compressible or incompressible fluid or the like, and on inflating th
tvre, the pressure will force the former edge against the latter, which will b
thereby forced against the side of the rim, and being firmly held between tw
inextensible or rigid surfaces will prevent that part of the tyre having the pro

page_text: jecting thickened-edge tube containing a compressible or incompressible fluid
or the like, from being drawn through, and will also make an airtight joint.
may or may not have pins or bolts passing from the edge or edges of the cover
through holes or slots in the rim, and then secured in any known manner to
prevent the side or sides of the cover or flaps becoming loose in case of deflation.
I use the foregoing method of securing the sides whether the tyre is clamped or
similarly fastened to the rim in the manner described in the Specification of my
aforesaid Patent No. 9697 of 1897 or in any other manner. I sometimes fix or
clamp the tyre to the rim from its inside in the following manner:-I take a
strong piece of practically unstretchable textile fabric such as webbing and
thoroughly impregnate it with rubber solution or a mixture of rubber and balata
solution, or any parts thereof as described in the Specification of my Patent
No. 14839 of 1895. I then treat the inside of the tyre in the same way and
tightly solution the two together on to the rim. The tyre may or may not be
cemented or solutioned to the rim on its outside. I may pass the webbing or
like material more than once round the inside of the tyre. Instead of solution
I may use any known cement or adhesive substance whether resinous or otherwise
suitable for the purpose.
Figures 1 and 2 show stiffened edges having the stiffening material inserted in
hems. In both figures R represents the rim, S the stiffening material inserted
in a hem or hems H. W represents wires which I may or may not attach to the
stiffening material S, F the flaps, I the inner tube (in Fig. 1) B the bolts or
fastenings securing the two parts together. U the underlapped part of the tyre
and V the overlapped part.
In Figure 1 the stiffening material S is inserted in hems H overlapping each
other, the two stiffened parts being secured together in any suitable manner to
form a circular tyre as hereinafter described. When the two parts are 80
secured together as to form an airtight joint I may dispense with an inner
inflatable tube.
In Figure 2 the stiffening material strengthened by wires W is also inserted
in hems, but it is bent over hook fashion so that the two halves of the tyre may
engage with or hook into each other. This form I preferably use with concave
rims such as are described with reference to Figure 10 of my Patent No. 9697
of 1897.
Figure 3 shows another arrangement of the stiffening material in which the
latter takes an L form.
The horizontal portion S¹ is preferably made stiffer than the portion S. The
two parts of the tyre are secured together by means of bolts, nuts, or the like B.
In the figure S3 shows stiffening material attached to the flap F.
Figure 4 shows a method of fastening the stiffened edges together by means
of buttons, studs, or the like. affix to that part of the stiffening material or
edge of the tyre which is overlapped by the other part, or to the wires attached
thereto, buttons or studs having a narrow neck N with a projection or head P
at the top as shown. I make slots or openings in the overlapping as shown in
Figure 5 to receive the buttons or studs. These slots or openings are of sufficient
size at the point 0 to allow of the projection P, Figure 4, passing through and at
the part N to allow of the neck N Figure 4 being drawn through until it arrives
at the point T where I preferably make a longitudinal opening on each side
smaller than the projection P to allow of the neck being drawn aside from the
opening and thus receive the support of the stiffened material. Figure 6 shows
a longitudinal diagram of the cover when fastened in this manner.
Figures 7 and 8 show another mode of fastening. Hooks H are attached to
the sides or edges of the underlapped part of the tyre. These pass through
openings Op in the overlapping part VI of the tyre to which overlapping part
hooks H¹ are also secured and thereby the two parts may be laced together by
laces L in the well known manner;

page_text: Another mode of fastening the parts together as shown in Figures 9 and
s to use eye bolts or the like Bt preferably made fast to the stiffened edge V of
the underlapped part of the tyre and passing through openings in the stiffened
edge V1 of the overlapping part. These eye bolts, or the like fasten the two
parts together by any well known means such as wire Wm or cotter pins, passed
through them as shown in Figure 10.
Figure 11 shows the stiffening material made of more or less rigid plates Pl
one end of each of which passes into a sleeve Sl on the end of the next adjoining
plate. Wm represents a wire or other practically inextensible material secured
to the plates by passing through eyes E therein the ends of the said wires being
secured together by a hook Hk and eye Ey. This wire holds the plates together
circumferentially. Figure 11 is a section on the line X X of Figure 11.
Figures 12, 13, and 14 show tyres with recesses in the rim to receive a tube
containing a fluid, and inextensible plates resting upon ledges in the rim, one
part of the tyre being secured to the rim by cementing two layers of textile
fabric.
In Figure 12, Re represents the recess, Ft the fluid compartment on the edge
of the tyre placed therein, Pl the plate resting upon the ledge L, and Tf the
layers of textile fabric cemented to the rim.
Figure 13 is a variation of Figure 12 showing the plate Pl attached to the
flap Fl inside the tyre. Ta is the usual tape cemented to the rim as shewn to
preserve the inner tube I from injury by the spoke ends.
Figure 14 is still 'another variation specially adapted for a tubeless tyre secured
to the rim by inextensible wires at the edges of a saddle-shaped airtight case.
W W represent the wires securing the case Ty to the rim. Rb represent circu-
lar rubber or elastic bands attached in an airtight manner to the plates Pl. The
band is made of a diameter equal to the lowest part of the rim so as to hug tightly
A represents
to the rim when drawn outwards or towards upper part thereof.
a lining of airtight material at the bottom of the rim. Ft are tubes containing
a fluid and attached to the flaps Fl.
Another part of my invention relates to an easy method of quickly and
temporarily repairing a pneumatic tyre when punctured, particularly a single tube
tyre. Having found the puncture I clear away all the dust, dirt and moisture
as much as possible at the punctured spot. I then put a patch in the usual well
known manner over the puncture and inflate the tyre sufficiently to make it take
its shape without blowing the patch off. I then smear over all, and so as to
extend some distance all round the patch, rubber solution preferably of a thick
consistency, and made with bi-sulphide of carbon, or petroleum-ether, or other
quick drying hydro-carbon, or what is known as soft rubber. I then take an
arch-shaped piece of leather, fish skin, canvas protected by rubber outside or like
flexible material wide enough to extend well beyond the puncture and made
waterproof by treatment with rubber, or rubber and balata, or other like gum,
and having its edges longitudinally bevilled off; and I smear part of the inside
abutting on the patch with similar solution, or soft rubber, and place it and
5 secure it by any suitable means over the patch in such a manner that the latter
is as near the centre longitudinally of the arch-shaped piece or shield as possible.
I prefer to have airtight chambers filled with a compressible or incompressible
fluid in the interior of the arch-shaped patch or shield. I may or may not have
a hem, or loops, eyelet-holes, hooks or other devices in the side or sides of the
0 arch-shaped piece through which to pass wires, tapes, cords, or other like flexible
material for fastening the arch-shaped piece to the rim in order to prevent it
creeping.
It will now be understood that the ends of these wires, tapes, cords, or other
like flexible material may be brought round the inside of the rim and fastened
55 so that the spokes rotain the shield and patch in place until such time as a
permanent repair can be made, whilst the airtight compartments in the shield,

page_text: when the latter is fastened, will cause an equal pressure to be exerted over the
patch to prevent it being blown off or leaking. Or I may fasten inextensible tapes
or, bands of textile material or cords or strings (preferably protected by being
impregnated with rubber, or waterproof .solution of balata and rubber) round
the rim and over the arch-shaped piece or shield preferably crosswise and brought
round the sides of the nearest spokes for support to prevent creeping, or I may.
have eyelet holes, hooks or other contrivances in the sides or edges of the arch-
shaped shield to enable it to be securely fastened to the rim and spokes in any
suitable manner.
For the purpose of fastening the shield I may use plates of metal or the like
passing from one edge of the shield round the rim and then attached or secured
in any suitable manner to the other edge.
Figures 15 and 15 show the arch-shaped shield Sh. Be represents the bevilled
edges, Ac the airtight compartments, Mp the metal plates, and Eh the eyelet
holes or hooks for the purpose of fixing same.
Figure 16.shows two methods of fastening the arch-shaped shield to the tyre
or wheel. Ty represents the tyre. R the rim. S the spokes. Sh represents
the shield covering the puncture Pu with the soft rubber smeared round it as
shown by the dotted line. Ta are tapes wound round the rim and over the shield,
and W W are wires or cords passing through eyelet holes Eh in the edge of the
shield and across the back of the rim to similarly placed eyelet holes on the other
side of the shield.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
First. In a pneumatic tyre made in two parts the employment of stiffening
material at the edges thereof, substantially as described.
Second. A pneumatic tyre made in two parts joined together longitudinally,
the edges at the junctions being stiffened substantially as described with reference
to Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings.
Third. In a pneumatic tyre, or cover for a tyre, made of two parts jointed
together longitudinally, the use of inner flaps covering the junctions of such
parts, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 12 and 13
of the drawings.
Fourth. In an arch-shaped pneumatic tyre having one or more inner flaps the
use in connection with such inner flap or flaps of stiffening material over the
longitudinal junction of the arch-shaped tyre, substantially as described.
Fifth. A pneumatic wheel-tyre consisting of an arched case having inextensible
wires in its edges, airtight flaps attached to the inside of the arch, and a concave
rim with an airtight lining, combined and arranged substantially as described
with reference to Figure 14 of the drawings.
Sixth. In a pneumatic tyre, or cover for a tyre, made of parts jointed together.
securing the parts together by means of plates attached to the edges, connected
together by sleeves, and held together circumferentially by wires and eyes, sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figures 11 and 11 of the drawings.
Seventh. In a pneumatic tyre the combination with the tyre, or the cover
thereof, of an airtight tube containing a compressible or incompressible fluid, a
recess in the rim to receive the said airtight tube and a plate covering the tube
in the recess, substantially as described with reference to Figures 12, 13 and 14
of the drawings.
Eighth. The method of securing a pneumatic tyre, or the cover thereof, to
the rim of the wheel which consists in clamping the same thereto by means of
a clamping band of practically unstretchable textile fabric treated with rubber
or balata solution, and cemented or solutioned circumferentially to the inside
of the tyre or cover substantially as described.
Ninth. For the purpose of facilitating the repair of a puncture in a pneumatic

page_text: tyre and for supporting the repaired part the use of an externally applied arch-
shaped piece or shield provided with airtight compartments substantially as
described with reference to Figures 15, 15 and 16 of the drawings.
Dated thin 97th day of January 1899.
A. PULBROOK,
Applicant. 115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.