CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY FOR MAKING FIGURED OR ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET, OB WHAT IS COMMONLY CALLED ORNAMENTED BOBBIN. NET LACE
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CROFTS,, of New Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I did, by petition, humbly represent. unto His present most
Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth that, after considerable application
and expense, I had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING FIGURED OR ORNAMENTED BOBBIN NET, OB WHAT IS COMMONLY
CALLED ORNAMENTED BOBBIN. NET LACE," and which improvements are in part
in extension of part of the improvements for which Letters, Patent were
granted to me on the Twenty-third day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-four; and His said Majesty being willing to give
encouragement to all arts and inventions which may be for the public
good, was graciously pleased, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great
Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirtieth day of July last, (One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-five,) in the sixth year of His reign, for Himself, His heirs, and successors,
to give and grant unto me, the said William Crofts, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege .and
authority, that I or they, by myself or. themselves, or by. my or their deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I or they should agree with, and no others,
during the term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention
within that part of His said Majesty's Dominions called England, His Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's,
Colonics and Plantations abroad, in such manner as to me, .my executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, shall seem meet, and as that I or they shall enjoy
the whole profit and advantage arising by reason of the said Invention during
the said term of fourteen years; and for that end His said Majesty requires and
strictly commands all His subjects whatsoever that they shall not, neither
directly nor indirectly, make, use, or put in practice my said Invention, or any
part thereof, nor in anywise counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor
make any addition thereto or substraction therefrom, whereby to pretend him-
self or themselves to be the Inventor or Inventors thereof: And whereas the
said Letters Patent contain a proviso, obliging me, the said William Crofts,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, and cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Crofts, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in manner following, and by the aid of the ten Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:
My said improvements relate to machinery for making such figured or orna-
mented bobbin net lace as is figured or ornamented by opake patches of clothwork
interwoven into the midst of a tissue of real bobbin net, which is composed of
longitudinal threads and oblique traversing threads, combined together by
twisting and crossing, so as to form hexagonal meshes; the ornamental patches
of clothwork being formed in the midst of such meshes by means of additional
threads, called weft threads, crossing alternately under and over those threads
which form the net, in the manner of wicker basket work or woven cloth, all
the said threads which form the net assuming a longitudinal direction parallel
to each other in the said clothwork, that is to say, those threads which are
properly longitudinal threads in the net, and also those which are oblique
traversing threads in the net, are all parallel threads in the clothwork, the
latter threads being for that purpose caused to assume longitudinal and parallet
directions, and are regularly interspaced between the longitudinal threads,
whilst both sorts of thread are proceeding along the cloth work whereof they
constitute the warp, the additional weft threads constituting the weft thereof,
and weaving across and across the two sorts of threads belonging to the net,
which threads, being parallel as aforesaid, do not form their usual twists or
crosses when they so constitute the warp of the clothwork, as they must do
in order to form the hexagonal meshes of the tissue of bobbin net which

page_text: serves for the transparent ground of the ornamental patches of clothwork, and
which patches may be surrounded (as may be required), at one or both sides
of each patch, with such patches of real bobbin net: And whereas in my
former Specification, which I caused to be inrolled in the Chapel of the
Rolls on the Twenty-third day of Juno last, (One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-five,) in pursuance of the Letters Patent, hercin-before mentioned,
which were granted to me on the Twenty-third day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-four, I havo fully described my mode
of making bobbin net lace figured or ornamented with patterns of woven
clothwork in manner aforesaid, it is unnecessary to enter into all the details of
the nature of such clothwork ornamented bobbin net lace, my present improve-
ments being for the attainment of the same object as my said former
improvements, but attained by operation of a different kind of bobbin net
lace machinery, that is to say, in my said former Specification of the Twenty-
third day of June last, I described, by the aid of Sheets XI. to XVI. of the
Drawings thereto annexed, the manner of arranging the parts of one kind of
bobbin net machinery for the purpose aforesaid, being a circular bolt single-tier
inverted machine, with the warp roller at the upper part, and the lace roller
at the bottom, the warp threads being threaded through the eyes of one row
of guides, and the bobbin carriages being all passed between the warp threads
in one row, but being occasionally divided into two rows or divisions for the
purpose of traversing the bobbin carriages and performing crossings of the
bobbin threads, the said machine being similar in that respect to the usual
mode of working in Lever's machinery, although in other respects the said
machine bears a greater resemblance to pusher machinery, because the bobbins
and carriages are moved backwards and forwards in their circular bolts by the
swinging action of pushing bars. The principle whereon my present improve-
ments aro to operate is the same as was set forth by the following words in
my said former Specification, videlicet:-"This part of my present improve-
"ments is to arrange the parts and movements of bobbin net machinery in
"such manner that the cloth working operations may be going on with some
portion of the set of bobbin carriages and warp threads without any
"hindrance to the performance of the ordinary twisting and crossing or
traversing operations by other portions of the same set of bobbin carriages
"and warp threads, and thereby to form a tissue of meshes of true bobbin net
"at one or both sides of the places where clothwork ornaments are to be made.
"so that the said net will form a ground for the clothwork ornaments, which
"result has not hitherto been accomplished. And for this purpose I apply
an extra guide bar or bars, with extra guides for receiving those warp
"
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page_text: E
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"threads which are from time to time to form the warp threads of the cloth-
"work conjointly with their intermediate bobbin threads; or else, instead of
"so threading part of the warp threads into extra guides, I use certain points,
"which I call detaining pins or detainers, inserting the same amongst those
warp threads which, conjointly with their intermediate bobbin threads, are
"to form the warp threads of the clothwork, and making those insertions at
"such times and at such places as is required. The office of such extra guides
(or detainers) being to hold those particular warp threads which are at the
"time to form the warp of the cloth work motionless at all times when they
are serving in part of the warp of the clothwork, but without occasioning any
hindrance to or interference with those racking motions which are required to
"be given to those other warp threads which are threaded through the ordinary
"row of guides (or between which no detainers are inserted), for performing their
part in the ordinary course of proceeding to form twists and crosses for the
"meshes of bobbin net which are to be made as the ground of the clothwork
ornaments, and side by side therewith. And also I employ suitable and
appropriato means of suspending the progressive traversing of those par-
"ticular bobbin carriages whereof the bobbin threads are for the time to serve
(conjointly with their intermediate warp threads) for the warp of the cloth-
work; the said means of so suspending the traversing being such as will not
❝ occasion any hindrance to or interference with the usual traversing operations
"of those other bobbin carriages which are required to perform their part in the
66
ordinary course of proceedings for forming twists and crosses for the meshes
"of bobbin net which are to be made as the ground of the clothwork orna-
"ments, and side by side therewith. And also I use double the usual number-
"of pins in the taking-up points for forming the meshes of the bobbin net,
and also for taking up the weft of the clothwork, that taking up being
"repeated after every line of passing the carriages, which is a suitable mode
"for taking up the weft thread whilst the clothwork is making, and the
"double number of pins in the points do not interfere with their proper
"functions of taking up the twist and crosses of the net."
Now, I wish it to be clearly understood that my present improvements now
to be explained, in pursuance of my said Letters Patent of the Thirtieth day
of July last, are new applications (herein-after described) of the principles set
forth in the above extract, in extension of my former improvements.
Firstly, to that kind of bobbin net machinery which is commonly called Lever's
machinery; and secondly, to other kind of bobbin net machinery which is com-
monly called circular bolt or circular comb double-tier machinery, for the pur-
pose of enabling machinery of those two kinds to make similar kinds of clothwork

page_text: ornamented bobbin net lace to those which are made by the kind of pusher
machinery already described in my said former Specification.-
First part. Description of a Lever's machine, with the improvements
applied thereto, for the purpose of interweaving clothwork ornaments into
the breadths of bobbin net lace which are making by the machine, (see Sheets
I. to VI. of the Drawings hereunto annexed). The alterations which are
advisable to be made in the parts of the Lever's machine, in order to adapt it
for working according to the present improvements, are as follows, see the
section, Sheet I. The two comb bars a, b, should be set rather further apart
from each other than usual, in order to leave a wider space between the
adjacent ends of the back and front combs, for the admission of the long
guides 18, 19, for the weaving threads; and the comb bars, a, b, should be
spread still wider from each other at their lower edges, in order to leave space
between them for the different extra guide bars, that spead may be attained
by bending the arms of the main joints by which the landing bars and comb
bars are suspended from the fixed centre pins about which the bobbin
carriages are to vibrate,. and then forming the upper edges of the comb bars
a, b, and landing bars to a suitable bevil, as is represented in the section
Sheet I. The increased space between the combs will require the bobbin
carriages to be made longer than those commonly used in Lever's machines,
and the combs must also be made longer and cast in leads of a suitable shape,
all which is sufliciently explained by the Drawing. The landing bars and
catch bars will also require to be swung out to a greater extent of vibrating
motion than usual, in order to suit the longer carriages; which increase of
motion may be attained by removing the back axis T of the drawing tackle
levers a little further backwards and somewhat higher up than usual, and
lengthening the goose-necked links which connect the lower ends of the
drawing tackle lovers with the front landing bar. The Lever's machinery will
be most suitable for making the kinds of net which are usually ornamented
with clothwork, if it is of very coarse gage, such as would, according to
the customary mode of speaking of lace machinery, be termed five or six
point (instead of ten, eleven, or twelve points, as ordinary Lever's machinery
is usually made), meaning by that expression that five, or six, or ten, cleven,
or twelve taking-up pins or points are contained side by side in every inch of
width, and the number of bobbin carriages and combs will be twice as many
per inch side by side, or twenty carriages and combs per inch for a ten-point
gage, twenty-two for an eleven-point, twenty-four for a twelve-point gago;
wherefore, if the Lever's machine which is to work according to my present
improvements is made of a six-point gage, it must have twelve combs cast sido

page_text: by side in every inch in width of their leads, in order to leave cells or spaces
between them for as many bobbin carriages. The combs should be much
thicker than usual in Lever's machinery, but the bobbin carriages and their
bobbins should not be much thicker than they are commonly made for Lever's
ten-point machines, although only twelve of them are to stand side by side in
every inch;
but the lower parts of the bobbin carriages which are inserted
between the combs need not be reduced in thickness, as is usually done for
Lever's carriages, but may be left of the full thickness of the other parts of
the carriages, the cells in the combs being adapted to receive them. The two
rows of pushers must be cast anew in their leads to suit the coarse gage of six
per inch. The taking-up points are to have twice as many pins as usual, in
proportion to the gage of the machine; wherefore, if that is six-point, as above
supposed, then the rows of pins on the point bars must stand side by side
twelve in every inch, so that there will be as many points in oach row as there
áre carriages; and the back and front point bars are so adjusted to cach
other, that in the act of taking up, the pins or points of one row will come
exactly beneath the pins of the other row, instead of the pins of one row being
interspaced between the pins of the other row. In this way of working, the rows
of points cannot rise up one into the other to stop at one comnion level for both
rows, as is usual in taking up with Lever's machinery, but one row of points must
always be a little above the other row in two levels, to each of which levels each
row must be raised up, in its turn; for instance, the points which took up last
must be stopped in their ascent when they arrive at the lowest of the said two
levels, and must afterwards be raised up a little to take the uppermost of the two
levels as soon as the other points which were above them at that uppermost
level are withdrawn,-in order to take them up again. This, which is a common
mode of stopping the point bars in the other lace machines, may be done by
means of what aro called horns, that is, prongs fixed to each point bar at each
end thereof, to project out from cach bar towards the other bar, the prongs
ranging evenly with the rows of pins belonging to the same bar, in order that
by overlapping each other the said prongs may guard the points from touching
cach other; or a better mode of effecting the same object is to apply moveable
stops to intercept the tail pole levers r, s, of the spindle bars F, G, for the
point bars, in order to limit the descent of those levers 7, s, and the consequent
ascent of the point bars belonging to them, so that the point bar which took
np last will be stoppel when its points or pins arrive at the lowest of the two
levels aforesaid, and those pins will be prevented from striking the pins of the
other row which are then standing at the highest of the two levels, having
gone up a little to get to that highest level when the moveable stop was with-

page_text: drawn. The said moveable stop may be a short horizontal sliding bolt 33, sco
Sheets II. and III., fitted into a double socket, which is affixed to the back
standard D of the machine, one or other of the two ends of that bolt 33 being
adapted to come beneath suitable stop pieces 34, which are fixed to the two
tail pole levers 7, 8, of the two point bars, and by intercepting those stop
pieces 34, the bolt 33 will limit the descent of the levers r, s, and the conso-
quent ascent of the point bars with their rows of pins at the lowest of the two
levels, in consequence of the levers r, s, being stopped rather short of tho
positions in which their ordinary stóp screws would detain them, that latter
position being when the point bars have risen to the highest of the said two
levels for the row of points. The said bolt 33 being slided endways in its
double socket, will withdraw one of its ends from under the corresponding stop
pieces 34 of one of the tail pole levers r or s, and allow that lover to go down
by action of its back weight, until it comes in contact with its ordinary stop
screw a, which motion will raise up the point bar from the lowest level to the
highest; and by the same endway motion of the bolt 33, the other end thereof
will protrude out beyond its socket, suitably for intercepting the stop picce 34
of the other tail pole lever or s, so as to detain the same with its row of
points, at the lowest of the two levels. The sliding bolt 33 is moved endways
by motion derived from that tail pole lever or s, which is going upwards when
its point bar is descending for taking up the bolt 33, being moved by a small
lover 35, so as to protrude its on from its socket towards the samo tail pole
lever which is going upwards, whereby the bolt will bo ready for intercepting
the stop piece 34 of that lover when the same comes down again. The small
lever 35 is mounted on a centre pin fixed into the back standard D; the
lower end of the lever 35 is connected by a pin with the sliding bolt 38, and
the upper end of the lever 34 is forked out into two branches, against one or
other of which a piece 36, fixed to the tail pole lover r or s, which is going
upwards, acts laterally, so as to move the lever 35 about its centre, and slide
the bolt 33 endways out from its socket towards that tail pole lover which is so
acting on the corresponding branch of the lever 35. The said sliding of the
bolt 33 withdraws the opposito end into its socket from beneath the stop pièce
36 of the other tail pole lever or s, which was previously resting on the pro-
truded end of the bolt 33, as a stop which limited the ascent of the corre-
sponding point bar to the lowest of the two levels for the pins. Each of the
tail polo levers or s acts in its turn, in the manner above described, to move
the bolt 33, so as to withdraw it from stopping the other tail pole lever r or c
and at the same time to prepare it for stopping that tail pole lever r or s
which is acting. The point bars being applied in this manner will require to

page_text: be withdrawn with a horizontal motion from the meshes of the net, without
descending at all during the motion for withdrawing, which may be done by
the mode of withdrawing or knocking out tackle now commonly used in
Lever's machines of the most approved construction, and which is represented
in Sheets 1. and III. of the Drawings. The back levers e, e, by which the
depression of the treadles is caused to draw up the tail pole levers ror
5, are applied below the back rafter, over the foot rail, their centre pins
being supported by an upright bracket fixed to those two rails. The
front ends of those levers are connected by upright links with the treadles,
and the backmost ends are connected by long upright lifting links P, Q, with
the tail pole levers and s, so as to raise the same when the treadles
are pressed down. The upper ends of the lifting links P, Q, have oblique
slots in them, for admitting the screw pins by which they are connected with
the tail pole levers ror s, so that the lifting links P, Q, when they begin to
rise up by action of the treadles, will not give any motion to the tail pole
levers or sat first, until the lifting links P, Q, have risen the length of
their oblique slots, and then the screw pins of the tail pole levers, fitting to the
bottoms of those slots, will operate as joints to communicate the further
motion of the treadles, and their lifting links P, Q, to the tail pole levers 1, 5,
and the point bars. The said first motion of the treadles and lifting links,
which produces no effect on the tail pole levers, is made to withdraw the
points from the meshes of the net by means of catches n, n, which are mounted
on joint pins fixed into the lifting links P, Q, and the upper ends thereof
catch beneath the back most ends of two levers k, L, which are connected with
the two point bars, so as to withdraw the pins or points thereof from the
meshes of the net, with horizontal motion, whenever the said back most ends of
the levers, L, are lifted upwards by the catches n, n, of the lifting links P, Q.
The said two levers k, L, are mounted on horizontal centre pins, fixed into the
back standard D. The lever L, which is for the back points, is an elbow lever,
and the lower ends of its upright arm is connected by a horizontal link w with
the middle of the back point bar. The other lever k, which is for the front
points, is a straight lever, and the foremost end of it is connected, by an
upright link E, with the backmost end of a lever arm 7, which reaches out
backwards beneath the top bar W, and over the spindle bar F, from the top
joint, by which the middle part of the front point bar is suspended. Whenever
the tail pole levers or s descend to rest in their ordinary stop screws a, and
have thereby raised the points to the highest level for their row of pins, then
the catches n, n, will catch beneath the ends of the levers or L, so that when
either of the lifting links P, Q, is raised up by depressing its treadle, the first

page_text: action will be to withdraw the points from the meshes of the net; but owing to
the oblique direction of the slots at the upper ends of the lifting links P, Q,
those upper ends, together with the catches n, n, which are jointed to them,
will move backwards as they ascend, and in so doing the catches n, n, will
slip back from under the backmost ends of the levers k, L, leaving them at
liberty an instant before the lifting links P, Q, begin to raise the tail polo
levers or 8. The ordinary caster backs, which are nearly as usual in Lever's
machinery, act to keep the points from returning into the net after they havo
been withdrawn by the said action, and also keep them withdrawn at the time
they are descending, and until they get quite down, and then the caster backs
allow the points to drop in and make their insertion amongst the threads,
leaving them so inserted all the time they are rising up for taking up the
meshes of the net. But note. For working Lever's machinery according to
my present improvements, the points are not to operate on the threads by that
mode which is termed hugging the twist (and which is the usual mode in
Lever's machinery), but by what is termed taking up all the twist, and which
is the usual mode of taking up in most other kinds of lace machines. The
distinction will be well understood by workmen who are conversant with lace
machinery. And for working Lever's machinery according to my present
improvements, the point bars will require to operate four times whilst every
row of complete meshes are made, in addition to the two ordinary times fór
operating with the points, videlicet, at those times when. the bobbin carriages
are in the act of dividing into two divisions; so that on the whole the points
will operate six times whilst a row of complete meshes of net are made; that
frequent repetition of taking-up being for the purpose of taking up the suc-
cessive shoots of weft threads which are to form the clothwork ornaments, but
the additional taking up actions do not affect the formation of the meshes of
net, cither to impede or advance that formation. And note.-The point bars
must operate at the said four additional times without bringing the pushers
into action for dividing the bobbin carriages at those four times of taking up,
but at the other two times of taking up the dividing of the carriages is to bo
performed as usual, by action of the pushers and catch bars derived from
the motion of that point bar which is the act of taking up. For this purpose
the usual eight-toothed ratchet wheel, for actuating the back dividing stop,
must be removed, and another ratchet wheel, marked 48, with. fourteen
teeth, substituted.; it is turned round one tooth every time that the landing
bars are closed together, at the same moment when the ordinary catch
bar wheels are turned. This is done in the usual manner by a claw driver 49,
which is jointed to a short lever arm 50, projecting out from the back axis T

page_text: of the drawing tackle levers, and the same ratchet wheel 48 is also turned one
tooth every time that either of the point bars operate for taking up, which is
done by two nudging drivers f, g, which are jointed to the tail pole levers r. s
and which act in the teeth of the same ratchet wheel 48, or else in pins which
project out laterally from the said wheel as a substitute for teeth, and those
pins are acted upon by the lower ends of the said nudging drivers f, g, to turn
the wheel 48 round. The notched wheel 66, for governing the back dividing
stop 69, is fixed on the same axis with the said ratchet wheel 48 of fourteen
teeth, and the wheel GG has six notches in its circumference, to allow the back
dividing stop 69 to be brought into action six times whilst a row of complete
meshes of net are made. The tail of the stop 69 has a tooth to rest on the
circumference of the notched wheel 66, and the successive motions which the
ratchet wheel 48 and notched wheel 66 derive from the closing of the bars
brings the said six notches in turn beneath the said tooth at the tail of the
dividing stop 69, so as to allow the foremost end of the stop to catch the
prong of the back landing bar the instant that the landing bars are closed,
in order to detain the landing bars and catch bars from opening or separating
farther from the warp threads than is proper for dividing the carriages and
catching the two divisions by their respective catch bars, and then the points
being brought into action for taking up, will, in going up again, operate by
their nudging driver for g, to turn the ratchet wheel 48 and notched wheel 66
one tooth, so as to remove the notch thereof from the tooth of the dividing
stop 69, and thereby take that stop out of action, leaving the landing bars at
liberty to be separated. The aforesaid action of the dividing stop 66, with its
notched wheel 66, ratchet wheel 48, with the claw driver 49, and the nudging
drivers f, g, thereof is precisely the same as usual in Lever's machinery,
except in frequency of action by the nudging drivers f, g, in order to suit the
four additional times of taking up, as aforesaid. The ratchet wheel 48 having
fourteen teeth instead of ten teeth as usual, and the notched wheel 66 six
notches instead of two notches as usual. An additional notched wheel 58 is
also fixed on the same axis with the said back ratchet wheel 48 of fourteen
teeth, and notched wheel 66 of six notches, for the purpose of disengaging
the two pendulous rods or links N and M, which descend as usual from the two
tail poles 1, s, of the two point bars, and which links are usually jointed at their
lower ends to the foremost ends of the short arms K of the dividing levers,
which are both of them fixed on a short horizontal back axis ; but for
working by these improvements, the joints at the ends of the arms K are cut
out into open slots, in order to admit the pendulous links N and M to be
brought so much forwards in these slots as to become disconnected from the

page_text: joint pins of levers K, but without quitting the said slots, and the hooks for
joints at the lower ends of the links M, N, will be connected again with the
joint pins of the lever K by putting them further backwards into the said
slots; for this purpose the lower ends of both the said pendulous links N
and M are guided by forked branches at the upper and backmost end of a
lever 59 (see the separate plan, Sheet II:), which lever is mounted on a fixed
centre pin at its lowest and foremost end; and the lever 59 has a tooth at
its middle part to apply to the edge of the notched wheel 58, which, when it
presents a notch, allows the lever 59 to go backwards by a suitable spring, so
as to engage the pendulous links N and M, with their dividing levers K, and
in that case the dividing levers K will be lifted up when either of the point
bars goes down, and, therefore, by the long arm O of that dividing lever acting
beneath the backmost end of the tail y of the back pusher bar m, the back
pushers will be brought into action for dividing the carriages according to the
usual mode of dividing at the time of taking up in ordinary Lever's machinery,
but after having so taken up, the ratchet wheel 48 of fourteen teeth is turned
one tooth at the next time of closing the landing bars, and the notch of the
wheel 58 then passing away from the tooth of the lever 59, the prominent cir-
cumference of the wheel 58 thereby draws forward the lower ends of the pen-
dulous links N and M, so as to disconnect them from the joint pins of their
dividing lovers K, and then, at the two next succeeding times of taking up
with the points, their action will not produce any effect upon the back pusher
bar m, but the ratchet wheel 48 being turned one tooth every time that either
of the point bars operate, and also at every time that the landing bars are
closed, it causes the notched wheel 58 to bring round another notch to the
tooth of the lever 59, so as to re-engage the links M and N, in readiness for the
third succeeding time of taking up with the points, which will then give opera-
tion to the back pushers and divide the carriages, in the usual manner of
Lever's machinery. And note.-The back catch bar is connected, as usual in
Lever's machinery, by an upright link p, with the end of the lever X, which is
mounted on a centre pin borne by the top bar, and the other end of the lever
X is connected by two upright links, with short lever arms projecting out for-
wards from each of the spindle bars F, G, so that when either of the point
bars is put down, the back catch bar will be lifted up out of the notches of the
carriages by the descending motion of either of the point-bars. This action is
performed, as usual in Lever's machines, at those two times of taking up when
the carriages are to be divided; but at the four other times of taking up, when
no dividing is to take place, then the back catch bar must not be lifted up
when either of the front bars is descending, wherefore the link, P of the back

page_text: catch bar is connected with its lever X, and disconnected there from at the same
time when the lower ends of the pendulous links M and N are disconnected,
as above described, from their dividing lover K, and the back catch bar is
connected again by its link p with its lever X, at the same time when the links
M, N, are connected again with their lever K. For this purpose the upright
link p of the back catch bar is carried up through a hole in the end of its lever
X, so as to be loose in that hole, but with stop nuts screwed fast on the upper
end of the link p, and a forked filling piece 64 is applied round the link p
across the end of the lever X, so as to interpose between the same and the
stop nuts of the link p, in such manner as to cause the back catch bar to be
lifted by the motion which the lever X derives from the descending action of
one or other of the point bars; but when the forked filling piece 64 is drawn
back endways, so as to remove it from beneath the stop nuts of the link p, that
removal will have the effect of lengthening the link p so much that the back
catch bar will not be lifted at all. The forked filling piece 64 is fixed to a
rod 65, which extends forwards from a joint at the upper end of a lever 71,
that lever being mounted on a centre pin fixed into a bracket 72, which is fixed
to the back tye bar of the machine, and the lower end of the lever 71 has a
tooth to apply to the circumference of a notched wheel 73, which has two
ratchet wheels 74 of six teeth mounted upon the same axis with it, the bearings
for that axis being supported by the said bracket 72; and the teeth of one or
other of the two ratchet wheels 74 are turned one at a time by two drivers
75, 75, jointe:l to short lever arms 76, 76, which are fixed on the two spindle
bars F, G, of the point bars, wherefore at every time that either of the point
bars is put down in the act of taking up, the driver 75 of that point bar takes
a tooth of the corresponding ratchet wheel 74, and when-the-point bargoes_up
again, the said ratchet wheel is turned round, together with its fellow ratchet
wheel 74 and their notched wheel 73, and when by that motion the wheel 73
brings round a notch to the tooth of the lever 71, it will permit the action of a
suitable spring to advance the rod 65 and forked filling piece 64 beneath the
stop nuts of the link p, in a suitable manner for enabling the lever X to lift up
the back catch bar when either of the point bars go down, just as usual in
Lever's machines; and when the same point bar rises up again, its corresponding
ratchet wheel 74 is turned another tooth by its driver, and causes the notched
wheel 73 to carry away its notch from the tooth of the lever 71, so as to
withdraw the forked filling piece 64 from beneath the stop nuts of the link p
which will in consequence become disconnected, so as not to lift the back catch
bar at the next succeeding descent of either of the point bars. The main guido
bart is mounted on the top edge of a fixed tyo bar, which is fixed at each

page_text: end to the wood frame, and supported by suitable stays from the back rafter,
so as to occupy the middle of the space between the comb bars. The leads of
main guides are screwed to the front side of the guide bar t; the row of
main guides v holds the warp threads side by side twelve per inch in their row;
but at every place where clothwork is to be interwoven into the net, as many of
the warp threads as (conjointly with their intermediate bottom threads) are to
form the warp of that clothwork are left out of the row of main guides v, and those
threads so left out are threaded through the eyes of extra or filling guides 26,
which are fixed in clusters at suitable intervals apart on a filling guide bar 3,
which is applied in front of tho fixed tye bar. The warp threads which are
threaded through the main guides v, all go up from the ordinary warp thread roller
S, and the other warp threads which are threaded through the filling guides '26,
go up from an additional thread roller. The office of the said filling guides 26
is to hold those particular warp threads which are threaded through them, and
which are (conjointly with their intermediate bobbin threads) to form the warp
of the clothwork, so as to give to those particular threads such racking motions
as they require to have for forming the warp of the cloth work, although the
other warp threads which are threaded through the main guides v are at the
same time performing the usual racking motions for intertwisting the said
warp threads with their corresponding bobbin threads, in a suitable manner for
forming meshes of bobbin net. And the said filling guides 26 are at other
times racked with suitable racking motions for causing the aforesaid warp
threads which are threaded into them to be intortwisted with their correspond-
ing bobbin threads, at such times as the said last-mentioned warp threads and
bobbin threads are not forming the warp of the clothwork.. At the back of
the fixed tye bar a selvedge guide bar d is applied, with one guide j affixed to
it, at every junction between the selvedges of the several breadths of net which
are making at once in the machine, the threads of those selvedge guides may
be all taken from a distinct thread roller. The long weaving thread guides 18,
19, are affixed by their stems to weaving guide bars 16, 17, which are applied
in the space between the comb bars. There are two long weaving guides
(one 18 situated in the front of the warp threads, and the other 19 at the
back thereof), for every place wherò a patch of clothwork is to be interwoven
into the net. The upper parts of the long guides 18, 19, stand up perpen-
dicularly in the spaces between the ends of the combs and the warp threads,
so as to reach up as high as the tops of the bobbin carriages, and it is in order
to make room for the admission of those long guides that the space between
the ends of the combs requires to be wider than usual, as before explained.
The long guides 18, 19, are made of steel, and very thin edgeways, in order

page_text: that the bobbin carriages may pass and repass between the warp threads and
the long guides without interfering with them, and it is in order to leave suffi-
cient spaces between the bobbin carriages for the long guides that the carriages
are made so much thinner than is conformable with the usual proportion to
the coarse gage of the machine. The weft threads pass up from suitable
thread rollers, and through eyes in the long guides 18, 19, near to the usual
level of the eyes of the main guides v, and then the weft threads go up within
slight grooves sunk in one of the flat sides of the upright parts of cach of the
long guides 18, 19, and then the weft threads pass out through other eyes at
the upper ends of the long guides 18, 19, which eyes stand as high up as the
tops of the carriages, and the taking-up points descend very near to those
upper eyes of the long guides in the act of taking up. The leads of the points
are cranked downwards, in order to permit the pins to descend low enough
without impediment from the point bars meeting the catch bars, and for that
purpose the upper sides of the catch bars are bevilled away, as is represented
in Sheet I. The usual turn-again comb bar I is applied on the outside of the
back comb bar b, in the same manner as is commonly done in Lever's
machinery for making ordinary breadths of bobbin net lace, such as are called
plain quillings. Two of the back combs are cut out in their row at the
junctions of every pair of breadths, and the adjacent back combs, at each sido
of the vacancy, are cut off at top, leaving only stumps of about half their
original height, which stumps are also cut off short behind, reducing them
to about half their original length, see Figure J, Sheet I. The vacancy of
two combs and two stunips in the row of back combs J is filled up by three
turn-again-combs, which are-cast-in-a distinct lead, see Figure II, Sheet I.,
applied behind the lead of the back combs J, and fixed on the back turn-
again bar I, so as to be capable of racking independently of the back combs;
the middlemost of the three turn-again combs H is, a complete comb, which
supplies the place of either one or other of those back combs, which are cut out,
according as the turn-again bar I is racked one way or the other. The other
two turn-again combs II, at each side of the middle one, are upper portions
of combs, which are adapted to stand over one or other of the aforesaid two
stump combs J, at the sides of the vacancies in the back combs, and being in
the same vertical plane with that stump II, over which it stands, the said
upper portion H will supply the deficiency of the stump J, so as to make it
like a complete comb; but whilst one of the said outside turn-again combs II,
which is an upper portion, thus completes one of the stumps J, the other
outside turn-again H, which is also an upper portion, stands in place of that
vacant back comb J which is wholly cut out, and which is not supplied by

page_text: the turn-again II, excepting by that other portion. The other stump back
comb J stands adjacent to the the said upper portion II, which, together with
that stump, are each sufficient to constitute the cells for the reception of the
bobbin carriages, which being put back in an unbroken row, every carriage
will find its proper place in the back combs J, and their turn-again combs H;
but in dividing the carriages, although only every other carriage is put back
into the general row of the back division, nevertheless three adjacent carriages
are put back together into the back division at the junction of every adjoining
pair of breadths, owing to one of tho front pusher spaces being filled up and
one of the back pushers left out exactly opposite; and two of these three
adjacent carriages enter into the two spaces of the turn-again combs II,
and being lodged therein, then by racking the turn-again. comb bar I one
space to the right at the same time that the front division of carriages is
racked two spaces to the right with the front comb bar a, the said two
carriages will, by that racking, be transposed only one space from their previous
situation in the general row of carriages, when the two divisions of carriages
are restored to one general row, and those two carriages will not have been
traversed, although all the other carriages will have been traversed by the
dividing. One of those two carriages is tho whipping carriage, which supplies
one of the whipping threads for uniting the threads together. The above is
the ordinary action of the turn-again combs in Lever's machinery, which
action is well known, and I have only described it in order to sbew how my
present improvements are to be applied to such machinery, for I employ like
turn-again combs in the performance of my present improvements as the
means of suspending the progressivo traversing of those particular bobbin
carriages, whereof the bobbin threads are for the time to serve (conjointly with
their intermediate warp threads) for the warp of the clothwork, such suspension
causing no hindrance to or interference with the the usual traversing opera-
tions of those other bobbin carriages which are required to perform their part
in the ordinary course of proceedings for forming crosses for the meshes of
bobbin net, which are to be made as the ground of the clothwork, and side by
side therewith. This intention being understood, the alteration which is to bo
made in the ordinary structure of the combs in Lever's machinery for tho
purpose of fulfilling that intention will be easily explained, videlicet:-A vacant
space must be made in the row of back combs opposite to every place in tho
width of the net made by the machine where ornamental clothwork is intended
to be interwoven therein and opposite to the vacancies before-mentioned,
which are left in the row of main guides t, as before explained, and in like
manner as filling guides 26 are applied to fill up the said vacancies in the

page_text: main guides v, so corresponding turn-again combs must be applied in leads,
Figure Y, Sheet I., and fixed on the turn-again bar I, to fill up the said
vacancies in the row of back combs. The only difference between such turn-
again or filling combs (Figure Y), and the ordinary turn-again combs,
Figure II, being in the number of turn-again combs in each cluster thereof,
which is only three, for the purpose of making breadths in ordinary Lever's
machinery, videlicet, one whole comb in the middle, with an upper portion of
another comb situated at each side thereof, forming two cells for the reception
of two bobbin carriages; but according to my improvements, each cluster or
lead of the turn-again combs Y must contain several whole combs, instead of
one on the middle, but still having one upper portion of another comb at each
side of that number of whole combs, in order (instead of only two cells for the
reception of two bobbin carriages) to form cells for as many or more carriages
than those belonging to the warp threads which are threaded into the filling
guides 26; and by suitable action of such turn-again or filling combs Y, all the
carriages which are lodged in the cells thereof when the carriages are divided
(and which carriages will entirely fill all those cells), will all perform the same
kind of evolutions as are commonly performed by those carriages which are
called whipping carriages in a common Lever's machine, that is, the said
carriages will not be traversed by those evolutions whereby the other carriages
which are not received into the cells of the turn-again combs are traversed.
The pusher bars and their pushers are constructed and applied as usual in
Lever's machinery, the pushers being placed at the rate of six per inch in their
respective rows, according to the gage of the machine, and instead of cutting
away one single pusher out of the back row at every junction between two
adjoining breadths (which is the usual mode in Lever's machinery for making
breadths), as many adjacent pushers are cut away (in the manner shown
by Figure W, Sheet I.) as will form suitable vacances in the row of back
pushers, for missing all those carriages which are intended to go back into the
cells of the turn-again combs, Figure Y, when the carriages are divided; and,
in like manner, the row of front pushers must have as many extra pushers
inserted into their row as will fill up the spaces thereof in the manner shewn
by Figure R, Sheet I., opposite to every place where vacancies are left in the
row of the back pushers, as aforesaid. The back pushers are brought into
action in the usual manner of Lever's machinery, by motion derived at suitable
times, as herein-before explained, from the taking-up action of one or other of
the point bars; and the front pusher bar is also brought into action in the
usual manner of Lever's machine, by aid of a notched wheel at the side of the
front catch bar wheel. And note.--The ratchet wheel of that catch bar wheel

page_text: and front pusher wheel is nudged round a small extra space by suitable motion
given to its driver at every time of taking up with either of the point bars,
which is done by the usual connection between the spindle bars F, G, and that
driver, as is represented in Figure C, Sheet II.; but, nevertheless, owing to
suitable arrangement of the eight teeth of that ratchet wheel and the notches
around the front catch bar wheel and the pusher bar wheel, such of the said
nudging motions as are given at the four additional times of taking up, when
there is no dividing. do not produce any action oither on the front catch bar or
the front pusher bar, but at the other two times of taking up, when the car-
riages are divided, then the said nudging motions will give suitable action to
the front catch bar and front pusher bar, just as usual in ordinary Lever's
machinery. The racking motions requisite for the main guide bar t and the
front comb bar a are given, in the usual manner of ordinary Lever's machinery,
by their racking wheels on the upright axis V, at the right-hand end of the
machine, and which are turned round by the usual chopper and driver acting
in the teeth of the eight-toothed ratchet wheel on that axis, so as to turn the
same round one tooth at every time that the landing bars and catch bars are
swung out so as to be fully extended, in order to draw the carriages so far into
either of the combs, either front or back, as to take them clear of the warp
threads and of the long guides 18, 19, and the said racking wheels go once
round whilst a row of complete meshes of bobbin net are made. But the turn-
again comb bar I, and filling guide bar 3, and the two weaving bars 16 and 17,
are to be racked by four extra racking wheels of about four or fivo times the
usual size, which may be applied on an upright axis of their own at the left-
hand end of the machine, with a ratchet wheel of twenty-four teeth fixed upon
it, and which is turned round by a suitable clawker or chopper deriving its
motion from the swinging out of the landing bars at the same moment that
the usual chopper acts on the eight-toothed ratchet wheel of the ordinary
racking wheels, wherefore the large ratchet wheel will be ratched one tooth
every time that the ordinary ratchet wheel is ratched one tooth, the ratching of
both being simultaneous, by which means the large ratchet wheel and its
several racking wheels will be turned once round whilst three rows of complete
meshes of net are worked. The mode of applying such extra racking wheels
at the left-hand end of the Lever's machine may be seen in Sheet III. and V.,
where 10 is the large ratchet wheel of twenty-four teeth, and 9 is the upright
axis upon which it is mounted, that axis being supported by bearing brackets
affixed to the wood frame, and reaching out therefrom. The large racking
wheel, for racking the filling guide bar 3, is shewn at 37, with a sliding bolt 39,
by which its racking motions are transmitted to that bar; 38 is the large
n

page_text: racking wheel for racking the turn-again bar I, by its sliding bolt 44; 40, 41,
are two other such racking wheels with their sliding bolts 42, 43, for racking
the two weaving bars 16 and 17, and there might be other like racking wheels,
which are not represented, but they would be situated one above the other on
the axis 9; 23 is the clawker or driver for turning the ratchet wheel 10; it is
jointed to one arm of an elbow lever 24, which serves the place of the
chopper, and plays on an upright centre pin fixed into a bracket projecting
cut from the wood frame; and the other arm of the elbow lever 24 is acted
upon by a projection u, affixed to one of those links which are called goose
necks, and which is jointed to the front landing bar, and reaches down-
wards and backwards beneath the fixed tye bar, to be jointed to the lower
end of the usual drawing tackle lever at the back of the machine. By this
means, when the front and back landing bars are extended apart from each
other, the elbow lever 24 is moved by the projection u on the goose neck,
and thereby the driver 23 is made to turn the ratchet wheel 10 one
tooth; and there is a reacting, spring 25, to pull back the lever 24, when
the projection retreats as the landing bars are closed, in order that the
driver 23 may proceed to catch another tooth of the ratchet wheel 10. The
structure of the machinery by which this first part of my present improvements
is to be performed being now explained, the operation will be best described
by taking as an example the mode of weaving a pattern of clothwork orna-
ments at the borders of breadths of bobbin nct lace which are made by the
machinery, and which are united by whipping threads into one tissue during
the fabrication, the said whipping threads being supplied from the bobbins
of whipping carriages in tho usual manner of Lever's machines, but two
whipping threads are introduced to form each junction between the edges or
selvedges of adjoining breadths, in place of one such whipping thread, which
is the usual mode of uniting the selvedges of ordinary breadths or quillings;
and the said two whipping threads, at each such junction, are both of them
whipped or laced around an intermediate selvedge thread, which is inserted
into the space between the two breadths for the sole purpose of receiving such
lacings, and which intermediate selvedge thread, together with the two
lacing threads which are laced to it, will afterwards be drawn out, in order to
separate the breadths from each other when finished. The said intermediate
lacing threads are supplied from a suitable thread roller through guides j
fixed on a guide bar d, Sheet V., with one such guide j opposite, to each
junction between the breadths, that guide bar d being fixed at the back of the
fixed tye bar, and having no motion, Lecause the said intermediate selvedge
threads do not require to be racked at any time. The patches of clothwork

page_text: which constitute the pattern now describing, occupy the extent of two complete
meshes of the net in length along the peice, and each patch consists of eight
successive horizontal zig-zag courses of thick weft threads passing backwards
and forwards alternately before and behind those longitudinal threads which
constitute the warp of the clothwork, and which threads proceed longitudinally
throughout the piece without any traversing, and such of them as pass along
the midst of the clothwork kcep close together in pairs, consisting of one
bobbin thread and one warp or filling guide thread, the threads of the said
pairs being twisted together in the small intervening spaces or intervals
between the successive patches of clothwork, which are made one after the
other, but the said threads do not form crosses in those intervals, because they
are only equal in length to one complete mesh of net, and crossings are not
required to fill up such small intervals. Figuro A, Sheet I., is an enlarged
representation of this pattern of the clothwork, but it is to be understood
that the patterns may be greatly varied by suitable adaptation of the several
racking wheels, and that the particular pattern now describing is only adopted
for description by way of example amongst a variety of others which might
have been chosen for the purpose of description. The various racking wheels
represented in Sheet IV. are adapted to produce such breadths of bobbin net
ornamented with the said pattern of clothwork. Assuming that the machinery
has been in full operation, and only stopped for examination at the place chosen
for the commencement of the description of the mode of making bobbin net
ornamented with such clothwork, the position and condition of the several
parts will be as follows:-A row of patches of clothwork has just been
completed, and the machinery is about to commence a row of meshes of net
by the side of the clothwork, and also to commence the intertwisting of those
pairs of bobbin and warp threads which constitute the warp of the clothwork,
in order by those twistings to fill up the intervals between the patches of
clothwork which have been just completed and those which are to be formed
next in succession by the course of operations about to be described. The
bobbin carriages are all standing in one unbroken row in their central position
in the midst of the warp threads, being in progress of vibrating and going.
through between those threads from the front combs towards the back combs,
and ready for dividing the carriages into two rows or divisions, and for taking
up with the back points at the same operation. The front catch bar being
now lifted up out of the front notches of the carriages, and the back catch bar
being down, and having hold of the back notches of the carriages. The back
dividing stop 69 being engaged with the prong of the back landing bar, and
the back and front landing bars being extended a little way from each other

page_text: as far as the stop will allow. The front pushers are standing in action by their
springs bearing against every alternate carriage in the row, ready to push back
those carriages which are to form the back division. And in respect to
racking motions, the front comb bar d now stands racked towars the left hand
as far as it can go that way; it is capable of racking two single-tier
spaces (of one twelfth of an inch each). to the right from its present posi-
tion. The main guide bar t stands racked, all but one space, as far as it
can go to the left; it is capable of racking three such spaces in all, videlicet,
one to the left or two to the right of its present position. The filling guide
bar 3 stands racked by its large racking wheel 37 and sliding bolt 39, in like
position with the main guide bar. Note.-The main guides v have a vacancy
of five adjacent warp threads left out at the right-hand edge of every breadth,
and the row of filling guides 26 has four adjacent guides for overy breadth, to
hold the warp threads belonging to the said vacancies in the row of main
guides v; but as the two sorts of guides now stand, they leave an unoccupied
space between them at the right-hand edge of each of the vacancies in the
main guides, and in that space the intermediate selvedge guide j is situated so
as in the whole to form a contiguous row of warp threads, between which the
carriages are in the act of passing. The selvedge guide bar d is never racked.
The back combs have six adjacent combs, not cut quite out at the right-hand
edge of every breadth, and the vacancies so formed in their row are now standing
evenly with the corresponding vacancies in the main guides; at the left-hand
edge of cach of the sorts of vacancies, one of the back combs at each side of
the said vacancies, formed by cutting out six combs, is reduced to a stump or
half comb. The turn-again comb bar I stands racked by its large racking
wheel 38 and bolt 44 to the left as far as it can go; it is only capable of
racking one space. Each of the turn-again combs contains seven adjacent
combs in a cluster at the right-hand edge of each breadth, corresponding to
the vacancies in the back combs, five of those seven being whole combs in the
middle of the cluster, with an upper half of a comb at each side of the five.
That upper half which is at the left-hand side of cach cluster is now standing
over the stump comb at the left-hand end of the vacancy in the back combs, in
conformity with and completion of that stump, so as to form an unbroken row
of cells in the back combs for the reception of the carriages.
pushers have three adjacent pushers cut out from their row at the right-hand
edge of every breadth, and the front pushers have three spaces between them
filled up opposite to each of the pushers which are so cut out of the row of back
pushers. The long weaving guides 18, 19, stand up in the spaces between the
warp threads and the ends of the combs, and must be capable of racking freely
The back

page_text: within those spaces when the carriages are swung out to their full extent either
way; but in the present position the said long guides are included amongst the
carriages in the spaces between them. There is one long guide 18 in front of
the warp threads, and another 19 at the back of those threads, for every'
breadth; those front guides 18 now stand exactly opposite to the back ones
19, and both stand exactly opposite to the middle of the vacancy of five
main guides v. The front weaving bar 16 is capable of being racked by its
large racking wheel 40 and bolt 42 six spaces in all, videlicet, two to the
right or four to the left of its present position. The back weaving bar
17 is capable of being racked by its large racking wheel 41 and bolt 43
five spaces in all, videlicet, two to the right or three to the left of its present
position. The relative positions of the above parts is represented by the plan,.
Figure B, Sheet II.
All the ordinary racking wheels on the axis V are
exactly the same as are commonly used in Lever's machinery, and they are
now standing on the tooth numbered 8; the other large racking wheels on
the axis 9 are standing on the tooth numbered 24. This position of the
several parts being understood, the mode of working is as follows:-Take
up with the back points, and divide the carriages by pressing down their
treadle by the left foot, whereby the back lifting link Q rises, and by its
catch n acting on the elbow lever L, the back points are first withdrawn
from the meshes of the net, and and then the back link Q, in rising higher,
begins to act on the tail pole lever s, to put down the back point bar,
and its caster back coming into action keeps the back points withdrawn
whilst they are going down, and then the catch n slips off from its contact
with the elbow lever L, and as the back point bar goes down, the piece
86 on their tail pole lever s acts on its branch of the lever 35, so as to
remove the sliding bolt 33 endways from beneath the stop piece 36 of the
other tail pole lever r, and that removal allows the front points to be raised
up by their own back weight to the highest of the two levels for the rows
of points; and as the back point bar goes farther down, the back catch bar
will be lifted,up out of the back notches of the carriages by means of the
link p, filling piece 64, and lever X; and also as the points go down lower,
the back pushers will be brought into action against every alternate carriage in
the row, to push forwards those which are to form the front division, by the
connection from the tail pole s, by the pendulous link N, with the lever K on
the axis Z, and by the long lever O on that axis, elevating the tail y of the
back pusher bar m, which bar is, by that means, brought a little forwards as
the back points go down, and having pushed forwards every alternate carriage
whilst the front pushers hold or push back the intermediate carriages, the

page_text: carriages become divided into two rows or divisions, which being done, and tho
back points having descended nearly to the tops of the carriages, they are
allowed to drop in by their caster back so as to penetrate amongst the warp
threads; and about the same time, by the connection represented in Figure C,
Sheet II., the descent of the back point bar, when it gets to its lowest, causes.
the front catch bar wheel to be nudged round so much as to let the front catch
bar fall into the notches of the front division of the recently divided carriages,
whereby those carriages are secured in their divided state; then, by releasing
the left treadle, the back points are carried up again by action of their back.
weight, and as they go up they let down the back catch bar into the notches of
the back division of the carriages to secure the back division; and when they
get nearly up they cause the ratchet wheel 48, of fourteen teeth, to be turned
round one tooth by their nudging driver g, and then its notched wheel 66
takes the back stop 69 out of action, to leave the landing bars at liberty to bo
extended. As the back point bar goes up, its driver 75 turns one of the six-
toothed ratchet wheels 74 one tooth, and then the notched wheel 73, by its.
lever 71 and rod 65, withdraws the forked filling piece 64, so as to disconnect.
the link p from its lever X, in preparation for the next time of taking up when
no dividing is to take place. And the back points continue to go upwards
until they reach the lowest of the two levels for the points, and then the stop
piece 34 of their tail pole lever s is stopped by the end of the sliding bolt 33,
which was protruded from its socket towards that stop piece by the same
motion which removed the other end of it, as before stated, from beneath tho.
corresponding stop piece 36 of the other tail pole lever 7, in order to allow the
front points to go up to the highest of the two levels when the back points were
going down. But note.-It should have been stated that in the act of dividing.
the carriages, the vacancies in the back pushers leaves behind thrce of the.
alternate carriages in every breadth, which carriages would otherwise be
pushed forwards into the front division; wherefore in the back division there
will be seven adjacent carriages in a cluster at each breadth undivided, and in
the front division there will be corresponding vacancies. And note.--The
back points will not have taken up any twists or crosses of the threads
by the action above described, (as they would do in the ordinary mode
of working Lever's machinery, according to what is termed hugging the
twist,) but the back points are inserted amongst the warp and bobbin threads,
and rise up amongst them without producing any effect thereon, except
to keep those threads straight and parallel. At a future part of the opera-
tion the corresponding taking-up action of the points to the above will take
up a shoot of weft thread, in part of the formation of the clothwork;

page_text: but no clothwork is making at present. Extend the landing bars from eacli
other by raising the handles of the front bar, and thereby the front division of
carriages will be drawn into the front combs, and the back division into the
back combs; and when the carriages get quite within the respective combs, so
as to be clear of the warp threads, the usual chopper turns the right toothed
ratchet wheel for the ordinary racking wheels to tooth 1; also the corresponding
chopper or driver 23, of the additional twenty-four tooth ratchet wheel 10, at
the same instant turns that wheel to tooth 1 thereof; when tooth 1 is thus
racked, it racks the front combs two spaces to the right, with the front division of
carriages in them, and racks the turn-again combs one space to the right, with
the six carriages which are contained in them, at every breadth; two of these
six being whipping carriages, and are to supply the whipping, threads which, as
before mentioned, are to laco the breadths together, by whipping around the
aforesaid intermediate selvedge threads, and racks the main guides v.two spaces
to the right, but the filling guides 26 stand still, and racks the front weaving
guides 18 one space to the right, and the back weaving guides 19 one:space
to the right. Close the ilanding bars, towards each other by putting down the
handles, to put the divided. carriages down to their central position, in order
to re-arrange them all in one row, wherein those carriages which formed the
front division will. have become traversed to the right of their former places
in that row; but those carriages which were received into the turn-again
combs, and which were racked one space to the right therewith.. will resume
their former places in the complete row, without having undergone any
traversing. When the divided carriages approach. nearly into one row, both
catch bars are lifted up at once by their respective catch bar wheels, and then, as
soon as the carriages get into oneirow, the back catch bar is let fall, and secures
that whole row. Also, when the bars close the fourteen-toothed ratchet wheel
48-is, turned one tooth by its driver 49, and the connection 50 thoreof, with
the back axis T; and the notched wheel 58, by its lever 59, disjoints the two
pendulous links M, N, from the lever K. Extend the bars to .take.all the
carriages through between the warp threads into the back combs, and both.sets
of tracking wheels will be turned, whereby tooth 2.is racked,, which racks the
front combs two spaces to the left without any carriages in them, and racks the
main guides two spaces to the left; the filling guides and. turn-again combs
stand still. Close the bars to bring forwards. the carriages to their central
position; the front catch/bar. is let fall, sand the back one lifted. The ratchet
wheel 48 is turned a tooth, and its wheel 66 allows the back stop 69 to act and
catch the prong of the back landing bar; then, lafter separating the bars as
far as that stop will allow, take up with the front points by pressing down their

page_text: handle with the right foot and catch of their back lifting link P, acting on
the lever k by the link E and lever arm l, withdraws the front points from the
meshes, and their caster back keeps them withdrawn,, and the catch u slips
from under the lever k, the link P then puts down the front point bar by acting
on its tail pole lever r; and as the front points go down, the piece 36, on their
tail polo lever r, acts on its branch of the lever 35, so as to remove the sliding
bolt 33 endways from beneath the stop piece 34 of the other tail pole lever s,
and that removal allows the back points to be raised up by their own back
weight to the highest of the two levels for the points. When the front points
get quite down, their caster back allows them to penetrate amongst the warp
threads, very near, to the tops of the carriages, and they enter beneath the
crossings of the bobbin threads which were made by the recent traversing of
the carriages before the racking of tooth 2; then, by releasing the right foot,
the front points are carried up again by action of their own back weight, and
when they get nearly up, they turn the ratchet wheel 48 one tooth by their
nudging driver f, and then the notched wheel 66 disengages the back stop 69,
leaving the landing bars at liberty to be extended; also the ratchet wheel 74
is turned a tooth by its driver 75, but that produces no action on the forked
filling piece 64. The front points continue to go upwards until they reach
the lowest of the two levels for the points, where they are stopped by the
stop 34 of their tail polo lever r striking upon the protruded end of the
sliding bolt 33, which became protruded when its opposite end was withdrawn
from the stop piece 34 of the tail pole s, to allow the back points to go up to
the highest level, as above explained, when the front points were going
down. And note.-During the above taking-up action of the front points
no dividing of the carriages took place, owing to the previous disconnection.
of the links M, N, from the lever arm K, and of the link p of the back catch
bar from its lever W. The only result of this taking up is to take up the
crossings of the bobbin threads. Extend the bars to bring forwards all the
carriages into the front, and tooth 3 is racked, which racks the main guides
one space to the right, and the filling guides the same, and the turn-again
combs one space to the left, but without any carriages in them; the weaving
guides stand still. Close the bars to put all the carriages backwards to their
central position; the back catch bar is let fall, and the front one is raised; the
ratchet wheel 48 is turned one tooth, and allows the back stop 69 to catch the
bars. Extend the bars as far as that stop will allow, and take up with the
back points by an action exactly similar to that first described, except that no
dividing of the carriages takes place nor are any crosses taken up, but the
threads will be kept straight and parallel by this taking-up action of the back

page_text: points. When the points get nearly up, the back stop 69 is disengaged by
the action of their driver 75 on the six-toothed ratchet wheel 74, the forked
filling piece 64 is inserted beneath the stop nuts of the link p of the back
catch bar, so as to connect the same with the lever W, in preparation for
dividing the carriages at the next time of taking up. Extend the bars to take
back all the carriages into the back combs, and tooth 4 is racked, which racks
the main guides one space to the left, and their filling guides the same. Close
the bars to bring all the carriages forwards to their central position; the stop
69 is allowed to catch, and the links M, N, are re-engaged with their lever K;
the front catch bar is kept raised, and the back one remains down. Take up
with the front points, and divide the carriages by one action on the right treadle,
in manner before explained, but the front points do not take up any crosses.
When the front points get up again, the stop 69 is disengaged, and the filling
piece 64 is withdrawn, to disconnect the link p of the back catch bar. Extend:
the bars to take the back division of carriages back, and bring the front division
forwards, and tooth 5 is racked, which racks the front combs two spaces to the
right, with the front division of carriages, and racks the turn-again combs one
space to the right, with the six carriages which they contain, and racks the
filling guides one to the right, and both weaving guides one to the right. Close
the bars to restore the divided carriages to one row in their central position,
wherein those carriages which formed the front division will have become:
traversed to the right of their former places in that row, but those carriages
which were received into the turn-again combs, and which were racked one
space to the right therewith will resume their former places in the complete-
row without having undergone any traversing. When the bars are nearly
closed, both catch bars are lifted, and then the front one is let full; the links
M and N are disjointed from the lever K. Extend the bars to bring all the
carriages forwards into the front combs, and tooth 6 is racked, which racks
the front combs two spaces to the left, with all the carriages, and racks the
turn-again combs one space to the left, without any carriages, and racks
the filling guides 26 one space to the left, and racks both weaving guides,
back and front, two spaces to the left. Close the bars to put all the carriages
back to their central position; the back catch bar is let fall, and the front one
is raised; the stop 69 is allowed to catch. Take up with the back points by
action of the left foot; the carriages are not divided thereby, the back points
take up the crossings of the bobbin threads which were made by the recent
traversing of the carriages before the racking of tooth 6; the dividing stop
69 is disengaged. Extend the bars to take all the carriages through into the
back combs, and tooth 7 is racked, which racks the main guides one spaco

page_text: to the left, and their filling guides the same, and racks the front weaving
guides one space to the left. Close the bars to bring all the carriages for-
wards to their central position; the front catch bar is let fall and the back
one raised, and the stop 69 is allowed to catch. Take up with the front
points, by action of the right foot, the carriages are not divided thereby, nor
do the points take up any crossings; the dividing stop 69 is disengaged,
and the link p of the catch bar is re-engaged, with its lever W. Extend
the bars to bring forwards all the carriages into the front combs, and
tooth 8 is racked, which racks the main guides ono space to the right, and
their filling guides the same, and racks the front weaving guides one space to
the right. The racking wheels on the axis V at the right-hand end of the
machine have now gone once round. Close the bars to put back all the car-
riages to their central position; the back catch bar is let fall, and the front one
raised; the back stop 69 is allowed to catch; then allow the bars to separate
as far as that stop will permit, and the parts will have regained the positions
which they had at the commencement of this description, excepting that the
large racking wheels on the axis 9, at the left-hand end of the machine, have
gone only one-third round. A row of complete meshes of net has now been
made by the side of the places where the clothwork is to be interwoven in
each breadth, the operation above described being the same as usual in Lever's
machines, excepting the four additional times of taking up with the points,
which had no effect on the net, and by the action of the turn-again combs
the bobbin threads belonging to the clothwork have not been traversed, as
the other bobbin threads have, but twists have been formed by those bobbin
threads and their corresponding warp or filling guide threads, which twists fill
up the interval between the clothwork which was made last and that which
is about to be made by continuance of the operation, which is by exact
repetitions of the actions already described, excepting what relates to the
actions of the two weaving bars 16, 17, and the filling guide bar 3, and tho
actions of those bars during the repetitions are as follows:-Take up with the
back points, and divide the carriages at the same time, but the points do not
take up any crossings. Extend the bars to bring the front division of car-
riages into the front, and take the back, division into the back, and tooth 9 of
the large racking wheel is racked, which racks the filling guides 26 one space
to the right, and the back weaving guides 19 one space to the left, and the
turn-again combs one space to the right, with six carriages in them; all
which is in addition to the various actions which are at the same time produced
by the cotemporaneous racking of tooth 1 of the ordinary racking wheels, as
herein-before explained. Close the bars to restore the divided carriages to one

page_text: row in their central position, and the traversing will have taken place.
Extend the bars to take all the carriages into the back combs, and tooth (2 and)
10 is racked, which latter racks the back weaving guides 19 two spaces to the
left. Close the bars to bring all the carriages forwards to their central position;
and take up with the front points without dividing the carriages, but to take
up the crossings last made, and also the recent shoots of back weft threads.
Extend the bars to bring the carriages into the front combs, and tooth (3 and)
11 is racked, which latter racks the front weaving guides 18 three spaces to
the left, and the turn-again combs one space to the left, but without any
carriages in them. Close the bars to put all the carriages back to their central
position, and take up with the back points without dividing the carriages or
taking up any crosses, but to take up the recent shoots of front weft threads.
Extend the bars to take all the carriages into the back combs, and tooth (4
and) 12 is racked, which latter racks the back weaving guides 19 five spaces
to the right. Close the bars to bring all the carriages to the central position,
and take up with the front points, and divide the carriages at the same time;
the points do not take up any crossings, but only the recent shoots of back weft
threads. Extend the bars to take the back division of carriages into the back
combs, and bring the front division into the front combs, and tooth (5 and) 13
is racked, which latter racks the filling guides 26 one space to the right, and
the turn-again combs one space to the right, with six carriages in them. Close
the bars to restore the carriages into one row in their central position, and tho
traversing will have taken place. Extend the bars to bring all the carriages
forwards into the front combs and tooth (6 and) 14 is racked, which latter
racks the filling guides two spaces to the left, and the front weaving guides 18.
five spaces to the right, and the back weaving guides one space to the
left, and the turn-again combs one space to the left, without any carriages
in them. Close the bars to put all the carriages back to their central
position. Take up with the back points without dividing the carriages;
the crossings last made are taken up, and also the recent shoots of front
weft threads. Close the bars to take all the carriages back into the back-
combs, and tooth (7 and) 15 is racked, which latter racks the back
weaving guides 19 four spaces to the left, and the front weaving guides -18:
one space to the left. Closo tho bars to put all the carriages back to their
central position, and take up with the front points, without dividing the car-
riages or taking up any crossings, but the last made shoots of back weft
threads are taken up. Extend the bais to bring all the carriages into the front
combs, and tooth (8 and) 16 is racked, which latter racks the front weaving:
guides four spaces to the left. Close the bars to put all the carriages back to

page_text: their central position. The ordinary racking wheels on the axis V have now
completed a second revolution, and another row of complete meshes of net, have:
been made at the sides of the clothwork, but the pattern of the clothwork
weaving is only half made, and the operation continues as follows:-Take up
with the back points, and divide the carriages at the same time.
The points
do not take up any crosses, but only the last made shoots of front weft threads.
Extend the bars to take the back division of carriages into the back combs, and
bring the front division into the front combs, and tooth (1,and) 17 is racked,
which latter racks the filling guides one space to the right, and the turn-again
combs one space to the right, with six carriages in them. Close the bars to.
restore the divided carriages to one row in their central position and the
traversing will have taken place. Extend the bars to take all the carriages
back into the back combs, and tooth (2 and) 18 is racked, which latter
racks the back weaving guides 19 five spaces to the right. Close the bars to
bring forwards all the. carriages to their central position, and take up with the
front points without dividing the carriages; the crossings last made, and also
the last n:ade shoots of back weft threads, will be taken up. Extend the bars
to bring forwards all the carriages into the front combs, and tooth (3 and)
19 is racked, which latter racks the front weaving guides 18 five spaces to the
right, and the back weaving guides one spare to the left, and racks the turn-
again combs one space to the left, but without any carriages in them. Close
the bars to take the carriages back to their central position, and take-up with
the back points, which do not take up any crossings. but only the last made
shoots of front weft threads. Extend the bars to take all the carriages back
into-the-back_combs, and tooth (4 and) 20 is racked, which latter racks
the back weaving guides four spaces-to the left. Close the bars to bring
forwards all the carriages to the central position, and take up with-the-front
points and divide the carriages; the points do not take up any crossings, but
only the last made shoots of back weft threads. Extend the bars to take the
back division of carriages into the back combs, and bring the front division
into the front combs, and tooth (5 and) 21 is racked, which latter racks the
filling guides one space to the right, and racks the turn-again combs one space
to the right with six carriages in them. Close the bars to restore the divided
carriages to one row, and extend the bars to bring all the carriages forwards
into the front combs, and tooth (6 and) 22 is racked, which racks the filling
guides two spaces to the left, and the front weaving guides six spaces to the
left, and racks the turn-again combs one space to the left, without any car-
riages in them. Close the bars to take all the carriages back to the central
position, and take up with the back points without dividing the carriages; they

page_text: take up the crossings last made and likewise the last made shoots of the front
weft threads. Extend the bars to take all the carriages back into the back
combs, and tooth 7 and 23 is racked, which racks the back weaving guides
three spaces to the right. Close the bars to bring forwards all the carriages
to their central position, and take up with the front points without dividing the
carriages or taking up any crossings, but only the last made shoots of back weft
threads. Extend the bars to bring all the carriages forwards into the front
combs, and tooth (8 and) 24 is racked, which racks the front weaving guides
four spaces to the right. Close the bars to take all the carriages back to their
central position. The ordinary racking wheels on the axis V have now com-
pleted a third revolution, and the additional large racking wheels on the axes 9
have completed one revolution, and all the parts have regained the positions which
they had at the commencement of this description, during which three rows of
complete meshes of net have been made by the side of the clothwork, and.a
row of patches of clothwork have been completed, the pattern of each patch
extending over as much length of the net as is occupied by the two last of the
three rows of meshes, which have been making cotemporaneously with the said
patches of clothwork, and by the side thereof. And the making of figured or
ornamented bobbin net, with such patches of clothwork therein, is a continual
repetition of the operation above described. It may be collected, from a review
of the above description, that whenever either of the rows of weaving guides 18
or 19 is racked, in order to throw those shoots of weft threads which are to be
afterwards taken up or gathered by the points so as to form clothwork, the said
shoots of weft threads will be interlaid between those warp threads which are
threaded into the filling guides 26, and the bobbin threads which belong to
those particular bobbin carriages, which always avoid traversing by going into
the turn-again combs H, at all time when the remainder of the carriages are
traversed in due course. The said filling: guide warp threads and non-travers-
ing bobbin threads between them constitute the warp of the clothwork.
said shoots of weft threads are left by the racking motions of their long
guides 18, 19, in oblique directions athwart the filling guide warp threads all
the bobbin carriages, and, consequently, the bobbin threads proceeding from
them being, at the time of making such racking motions, swing quite out into the
combs to the full extent of their vibrating motions, so as to be out of the way
of the warp threads and of the weaving guides, leaving ample room for those
guides to be racked for interlaying the shoots of weft threads obliquely between
the warp threads and the extended bobbin threads; and then, after every such
racking of the weaving guides for interlaying shoots of weft threads, when the
carriages have been returned to heir central position, the said shoots of wift
The

page_text: threads will become unloosed in oblique directions between the aforesaid bobbin
threads and the filling guide warp. threads, which two sorts of threads have then
come nearly into one vertical plane, and then the points are inserted amongst
the warp and bobbin threads, so near to the level of the tops of the long
guides 18, 19, that the points cannot fail to enter beneath the said oblique
shoots of weft threads, in order to gather the same up when the points are
raised up; and in so taking up, the direction of the shoots of weft thread is
changed from the said oblique direction in which they were left ly the racking
motions of their guides to the horizontal direction which they are intended to
have in the clothwork; and every time after shoots of the weft threads have
been so interlaid by the racking of their guides, and then gathered up into
place in the clothwork by the points, the succeeding passing of the carriages
between the warp threads, comes the non-traversing bobbin threads which belong
to the clothwork, quite through between the filling guide warp threads, so that
the said bobbin threads, crossing beneath the recently laid shoots of weft, will
secure the same in place; and then, whilst the carriages are extended, and before
they return, other shoots of weft thread are laid obliquely thwart the filling
guide warp threads, at the contrary side thereof to that side on which the last
preceding shoots were laid; wherefore the successive shoots of weft threads,
constitute the clothwork, are laid by the back weaving guides 19 and the
front weaving guides 18 acting alternately. The front weaving guides 18 being
operated when the carriages are drawn quite forwards into the front combs,
and the back weaving guides 19 being operative at the next succeeding tinio
when the carriages are taken quite back into the back combs. And the shoots
of weft threads which have been so laid obliquely by the front guides 18 are
then gathered up into place in the clothwork by action of the back points, and
then the succeeding shoots, which are laid by, the back guides 19 are in turn
taken up by succeeding action of the front points. And note. As the long
weaving guides 18, 19, stand up between the carriages nearly as high as the
tops of the carriages, the weft threads being lodged within the grooves in the
long guides, are effectually secured against entanglement by the passing and
repassing of the carriages between the warp threads. The threads usually
employed for the weft of clothwork in ornamented lace, as made by hand, with
bobbins on a cushion, are large soft threads, and the same kind shoull be
used for working the aforesaid machinary according to my improvements;
and the said weft threads should not be strained with much tension, in order
that the zig-zag courses may lay casily in place and flat in the net, without
distorting its meshes; and also that the returns of the zig-zag courses of
the weft threads may not bend with very sudden folds, but with such

page_text: looping bands or curvatures as is suitable for the pattern intended to be pro-
duced. The effect will be attained by attention to due and appropriate weight-
ing of the several thread rollers from which the different kinds of threads: are
supplied, that is, attention to the weights which are appled for producing friction
by cords to resist the pulling off of the thread from the rollers, videlicet, the
thread roller, which supplies warp: threads to the filling guides 26, which,
as before stated, is a distinct thread roller from the main warp roller S,
which supplies warp threads to the main guides; the intention of supplying
the. warp threads from two distinct sources being for the purpose of regu-
lating their respectivo tensions and regulating the quantities of each kind of
thread which shall be given off in a suitable manner for attaining the requi-
sites of the pattern of clothwork, and in like manner the thread rollers: which
supply the weft threads are distinct from any of the others, in order that they
may be weighted, so as to cause just as much tension as will be most suitable
for interlaying the threads properly in the clothwork when the points take up
the successive zig-zag courses therecf. And when (as in the example:above
described) the clothwork is to be woven quite out to the edge of each breadth,
some of the whipping threads will. become laced into some of the extreme
loops or return of the zig-zag courses of the clothwork, when the machinery is
worked according to the foregoing description; and those whipping, threads will
tend to hold out some of the said returns in full. and open looped curvatures,
leaving others of the said returns, which are not so laced by the whipping
threads, to make sharper bends, and a judicious intermixture: of such differently
bended returns, combined with suitable and. corresponding. differences in the
length of the different shoots of weft threads, may be made to assist in pro-
ducing the ornemental pattern of the.clothwork. And the tension of the said
whipping threads will have an influence on the result, wherefore the springs
for the bobbin carriages of those bobbins which furnish. such whipping threads
must be suitably set or adjusted, in order to produce the requisite tension of
the several whipping threads; and: so of the intermediate selvedge: threads,
which are introduced, as before-mentioned, into the intervals between the
breadths for the purpose of receiving the lacings of the whipping. threads, and
which are ultimately to be drawn out along with the whipping threads; those
selvedge threads are supplied from a distinct roller of their own, in order that
their tension may be regulated, by the weighting thereof, in such manner as
will be most suitable for holding out the whipping threads with that.degree of
extension which will give the best effect to the pattern. The other whipping
threads which lace the aforesaid intermediate threads to the plain. selvedges at
the left-hand edges of the several breadths must have suitab'e adjustment of

page_text: the springs of the bobbin carriages from which those whipping threads are
supplied, in order to give the requisite tension thereto for performing their part
in a suitable manner. And the selvedge threads for the said plain selvedges
of the breadths may, if requisite, be supplied from a distinct roller of their
own, and suitably weighted, as is frequently done in making breadths by
Lever's machinery, and by judicious regulation of the weighting, or resistance
.to the motion of the different thread rollers, the respective tensions of all the
different threads may be rendered suitable for the place which they are to
occupy in the lace and in the clothwork ornaments thereof. The attention
required for the said regulation of the respective tensions of different kinds of
thread is very similar to that which is commonly bestowed in making orna-
mented breadths of warp net by warp machinery, which breadths are
commonly called tattings, and is habitual to the workmen who are accus-
tomed to that branch of lace manufacturing by machinery. And for the
more perfect formation of the patterns by the successive zig-zag courses of
weft threads which are to compose the clothwork, and in order to attain a
suitable tension of those threads under all circumstances, and a tension varying
with the circumstances, I apply mechanism to give off the weft threads from
their respective weft thread rollers at the moment when the points are in the
act of taking up the zig-zag courses of those threads, which mechanism is
adapted to give off more or less length of thread at each time of taking up,
according as the pattern may require to have the different succeeding courses
of weft threads interlaid into the clothwork, with so much tension as will
form short and sharp bends at the return of the zig-zag courses, or else to
be interlaid so slackly as to form open looped curves at the said bends, in
order, by contrast of the two kinds of bends, to give the outline of the
clothwork a leafy or flowery appearance, which is particularly desirable for
the clothwork which is to form the bordering edges of breadths of bobbin
net. The said mechanism consists of a small measuring roller, which is
interposed between each of the thread rollers from which the weft threads
are supplied and the corresponding row of weaving guides, so that the weft
threads, in ascending from the thread roller to those guides, may make
one complete turn around the said measuring roller, which may be covered
with woollen cloth, to cause the threads to adhere thereto; and the thread
roller by which the threads are supplied being very lightly weighted, the
giving off of the threads will be regulated by such motion as may be given
to the measuring roller; and the requisite motions may be given thereto by
means of a ratchet wheel, with fiae serrated teeth fixed upon the measuring
roller, with a click or driver applied, to act in the said teeth in such manner

page_text: as to move the ratchet wheel and measuring roller round at the same
moment when the points are in the act of taking up, in order thereby to give
off as much length of weft threads as it is desirable for the points to gather up
at the time into the clothwork, but no more. The extent of the motion which
such drum shall give to the said measuring roller may be regulated by means
of a notched wheel belonging to or connected with the large racking wheels of
the machinary, and the notches of which wheel shall limit the returning or
fetching motion of the said driver, so as to determine how many or how few of
the serrated teeth of the ratchet wheel the driver shall slip over and get hold
of, and consequently determining that the ratchet wheel shall be turned round
so many teeth during the taking-up action of the points by the connection which
is formed (by the mechanism) between the acting point bar and the said
driver. This contrivance (which forms a part of my present improvements)
is more fully explained in the third part of this Specification.
Second Part. Description of a double-tier circular bolt or circular comb
rotary machine, with the improvements applied thereto, for the purpose of inter-
weaving clothwork ornaments into the breadths of bobbin net lace which are
making by themachine, see Sheets VI. to X. of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
-The construction of machinery of this kind being well known, and the names
of the principal parts being written on the Drawings, the machinery which they
represent cannot fail to be identified by persons conversant with such machines;
and hence it is unnecessary to enter into a detailed description of all the parts,
but only of such as are altered from their usual state in order to apply the
present improvements. The previous description of the improvements as
applied to Lever's machinery will be some assistance to the understanding of
the further application. The comb bars must be placed rather further apart
than usual, in order to leave a wider space between the ends of the combs and
the warp threads, for the admission of the long weaving guides 18, 19, for the
weft threads, as is shown in the section, Sheet VI., and the said wider space
will require the bobbin carriages to be longer than usual, and the greater
length of the carriages will require a proportionably increased extent of
swinging or vibrating motion to be given to the driving bars H, I, in like
manner as before remarked respecting the Lever's machine. The said in-
creased extent of motion is attained by giving a suitable form and size to the
main driving camm 4, which causes that vibrating motion, as is shewn in
Sheets VII. and IX., and the curvature of that camm 4 is adapted to produce
sufficient pause in the swinging motion of the driving bars H, I, (when they
have swung out to the full extent of their vibration each way,) for allowing the
acking motions of the long weaving guides 18, 19, to be effected, because as

page_text: those guides are at times required to be racked several spaces, for the purpose
of laying the weft of the clothwork across several warp threads, more time will
be required for racking them than is usually allowed for the ordinary racking
motions in this kind of machinery. The locking camms R and S, which are to
actuate the lockers, must be suitably formed for giving such motions thereto
as will correspond with the motions given to the driving bars by the driving
camm. The proper forms of the driving camm 4, and locking camms R and S,
is represented in Sheet IX. The machinery will be most suitable for making
clothwork ornamented bobbin net, if it is of a course gage, as before stated
respecting Lever's machinery, the carriages being no thicker than usual in a
ten-point gage double tier, although the combs and guides are made suitable
for a five or six point gage double tier. The taking up points are to be (as
before mentioned) twice as numerous in their respective rows as is due to the
course gage of the machine, which, if it is six-point, will require the back and
front rows of points to have each twelve pins in every inch of width, as is shewn
in the Drawing, in which case the front row of main guides v will have
twelve guides per inch, and the combs, back and front, will stand six per inch.
The main guide bars t, t, will remain just as usual, and the front one will be
racked in the usual manner by one of the racking wheels on the upright axis
at the right-hand end of the machine, which wheels mako ono revolution
during the fabrication of one row of complete meshes of net, but the back
guide bar is racked from an additional racking wheel, which is of larger size,
and makes one revolution during the fabrication of three rows of completo
meshes of net. The long weaving guides 18, 19, which are affixed to extra
guide bars 16, 17, derive their racking motions from other large racking
wheels fixed on the same axis as that above mentioned. That axis may be
placed in a horizontal direction at the lower part of the machine, as is shewn
at 9, Sheets VII. and VIII., beneath the main axis Y of the driving and
locking camms, and may be turned round by means of a ratchet wheel 10 of
thirty-six teeth, fixed upon the axis 9, the teeth of that ratchet wheel being
engaged by a driver 15, jointed to a lever 14, which is mounted on a fixed
centre pin at one end, and the middle part carries a truck, which is acted upon
by a camm 20, fixed on the main axis Y. The camm 20 has four prominences
around its circumference, which act in succession to depress the lever 14 and
its driver 13, in order to turn the ratchet wheel 10 one tooth at a time, tha
action being given at the same moments when the ordinary racking motions o
the machinary take place. But note.-Those two prominences of the camm 20
which come into action when both rows or divisions of carriages are swung
out to their full extent, and all locked up in one row of combs, are rather mor

page_text: prominent, and give a greater extent of motion to the ratchet wheel 10, than
the other two prominences of the same camm 20, which act when the two
rows of carriages are divided; one division being locked up in the front combs,
whilst the other is locked in the back combs; the consequence is that the
ratchet wheel 10 is turned round rather less than one of its thirty-six teeth at
all those times of racking when the carriages are divided between the two
combs and locked up in both, but the said ratchet wheel 10 is turned round
rather more than one of its thirty-six teeth at all the other intervening times
of racking when the carriages are all locked up in the same combs, whether
back or front. By this expedient, the large racking wheels 6, 7, 8, which are
turned by the ratchet wheel 10, are qualified for giving to the weaving guides
18, 19, those long racking motions which they require to have for. interlaying
the weft threads, and which motions are cheifly given when the carriages are
all locked in the same combs. The racking motions of the two weaving bars
16, 17, and the back guide bar 23, are given by lateral stops or elevations and
depressions of the prominent rims of the circumferences of the large racking
wheels 6, 7, and 8, two such rims being formed on each wheel, and those
motions are transmitted to the guide bars by upright levers 11, 12, and 13, two
at the back and one in the front. The said levers are poised on horizontal
fixed centre pins, which are sustained by fixed bars of the framing, and each
of those levers has a projecting tooth at its lower end, which applies to the
latterly indented rim of its racking wheel, and at its upper end is a gage screw,
to act against a stump projecting down from that guide bar which the lever is
intended to actuate with racking motions, and suitable springs are applied to
each bar to react against the racking wheel from which it derives its racking
motions. The several extra guide bars 16, 17, 23, are supported upon axles
at each end of each bar, which axles are lodged in suitable bearing brackets
affixed to the framing, with such supporting bearings in the middle as may be
requisite to keep the bars from bending. The long weaving guides 18, 19,
like those before described for the Lever's machinary, are made of steel, very
thin and flat, and they stand up as high as the tops of the carriages, being
afixed into stems which rise up from the weaving bars. The bobbin carriages
are made thin, as before inentioned, to leave sufficient spaces between
them for the long weaving guides. The acting edge of the back dividing
bar I is a broad plate i, i, in which notches are cut out opposite to every
plate where clothwork is to be formed into the net; they are of sufficient
depth to admit a carriage to be wholly lodged within the notch, and of
sufficient width to admit as many adjacent carriages side by side into each
notch as belong to the clothwork, and which, as before explained, supply

page_text: those bobbin threads which, conjointly with their corresponding warp threads,
constitute the warp of the cloth work, and which carriages may for distinction
be termed non-traversing carriages, because they never perform any traversing,
as all the other carriages in the machinery must do. The mode whereby the
said carriages avoid traversing is the same as is commonly practised in double-
tier circular bolt machinery for making breadths, but applied on an extended
scale, by making the notches in the blade i, i, of the back driving bar wide
enough to admit several adjacent carriages side by side, instead of only ono
carriage; but the action given to several such carriages, in working according
to my improvements, being precisely the same as is given to one carriage in
the ordinary mode of making breadths, the action will be understood without
much further explanation. The carriages which are admitted into the notches
in the blade i, i, of the back driving bar I, will not be brought forwards into
the front combs when all the other carriages are brought forwards but may,
by this expedient, be left behind in the back combs at those particular moments
when the other carriages which are passed into the front combs, partake of
those particular racking motions of those combs by which the said carriages are
traversed; but after those particular racking motions have been performed,
then the said carriages which were left behind may be restored to their
proper places amongst the other carriages, and may preserve those places
during all the evolutions of passing and repassing between the warp threads
which the carriages have to perform in the interval until the next time for
traversing arives. But for this purpose, the aforesaid notches in the blade i
of the back driving bar are closed by small sliders 7, which are applied over the
blade i, i, being fixed to a small sliding bar k, which is fitted against the back
driving bar I, and is capable of sliding so much endways as to carry the
sliders sideways over the notches in the blade i, so as to close them, and thus
complete the driving edge of the back driving bar, or else, by a reverse motion
of the sliders, to open them again. The said sliding motions of the bar k, and
its sliders, are given when the back driving bar I is at the furthest limit of its
motion backwards, and both rows of carriages are in the back combs; the said
motions are communicated to the bar by a curved guide g, which is applied
to the left-hand end of the bar k, being affixed to a sliding bolt h, Figure G,
Sheet IX., which is fitted horizontally into sockets fixed to the back comb bar,
and the bolt is actuated by the upper end of an upright lever m, which is poised
by its middle on a fixed centre pin, and its lower end applies laterally to a
revolving prominent rim n, which is fixed to one of the cog wheels of the
taking-up wheels which actuate the point bars; that rim n has an elevation
and a depression in it, which, by lateral action on the lower.end of the lever m

page_text: moves the bolt h, with its curved sweep g, and the bark of the sliders 1, as is
required, a reacting spring being applied to the sliding bark, to react against
the revolving rim n. And note. In order to retain those non-traversing
bobbin carriages motionless which are received in the notches of the back
driving bar, and thereby left in the back combs, as aforesaid, small slender
prongs or holders 9 are applied to a horizontal axis Q, situated behind the back
comb bar, and their extremities reach under the back comb bar and over the
back locker F, so as to press upwards under the teeth of the said carriages
which are to be left behind, so as to hold them motionless, when required, and
then to let them go, when required, and then take hold again. The said
holders 9 are brought into action and taken out of action by operation of a
suitable camm r, fixed on the axis of the taking-up wheels, and connected by a
lever p, and suitable links o, with the axis of the holders q, as is shewn in
the section, Sheet VII. All the above mechanism is the same as is commonly
used in circular bolt machines for making breadths. The pins of the back
row of points are arranged to stand exactly over or under the pins of the front
row, as before explained respecting Lever's machines. The point bars are
actuated in the usual manner by taking-up camms fixed on an axis P, which
is turned by means of cog wheels and pinions on the main axis Y, so as to go
round once whilst a row of complete meshes of bobbin net are made by the
machinery. The axis P is prolonged, in order to apply suitable revolving camms
thereon at the left-hand end of the machine, for actuating the point bars, so that
they will take up more frequently than usual, in order to gather up the successive
shoots of weft for forming the clothwork, in like manner to what has been before
explained respecting Lever's machinery. The camm 30 is for withdrawing the
back points from the meshes of the net of by means an elbow lever 31, which
is mounted on a fixed centre pin, borne by a bracket screwed to the frame,
having a truck at the end of its horizontal arm to run on the edge of the camm,
and a connecting link extended from the upper end of its horizontal arm to one
of the crank bar arms, by which the back front bar is suspended. The
camm 30 is drawn full size in Sheet IX., and has two elevations at different
parts of its circumference for withdrawing the back points, each elevation being
followed by a depression, for allowing those points to penetrate the threads after
they have been let down. The corresponding camm tv (see also Sheet IX.) is
for raising and lowering the back point bar by means of a lever, with a truck
to run on the edge of the camm, and an upright link to a short stump lever
arm on the end of the back point bar. The camm w has two notches in its
circumference, for letting down the back point bar after it has been put back
by one of the elevations of the other camm 30, and then raising that bar up

page_text: again for taking up as soon as the notch of the camm 30 has allowed the points
to penetrate amongst tlie warp threads. In like manner, the camm 32, soc the
full size in Sheet IX., is adapted for letting down and taking up the front point
bar twice in every revolution of the camm, the withdrawing and reinserting of
the samo bar being performed by the usual knocking-out wheel d, on the
upright axis L of the ordinary racking wheels, at tho right-hand end of the
machine. The form of that wheel is shewn full size in Sheet X., it differs
from the ordinary knocking-out wheel used in like machinery for having two
prominences upon its circumference for knocking out the same points twice in
making a row of complete meshes of net, instead of one prominence, as usual,
and the usual arm by which that wheel operates on the back point bar is
removed therefrom. The point bars require to be racked whilst they are
making their insertion between the warp and bobbin threads, for which purpose
two racking wheels 2, 3, are fixed upon the upper end of the upright axis L,
see also Sheet VII., and they act by means of racking levers 37 and 38, upon
gage screws in the end' pivets of the crank bars M, by which the point bars
are suspended, so as to rack those bars endways at the proper moments, one
wheel 2, and lever 37, being provided for the front point bar, and the others
3 and 38, for the back point bar, and springs 26, 27, are applied by the inter-
vention of suitable levers 21, 22, as shewn in Sheet X., to urge each point bar
towards its own racking wheel. All the remaining parts of the machinery
being understood to be on the usual construction, and that the several racking
wheels and camms are to be formed according to the Drawings, Sheets IX. and
X., the operation of the machinery, according to my present improvements,
will be as follows:-For making a tissue of breadths of bobbin net ornamented
with clothwork ornaments interwoven therein at the borders of the breadths.
The pattern of the ornaments being very similar to that before chosen, by way
of example, for describing the operation of the Lever's machinery, with inter-
mediate selvedge threads between the breadths, and two whipping threads to
lace to the said intermediate threads, all which will be drawn out to seperate
the breadths when they are finished, as before explained. Those selvedge
threads are guided by selvedge guides of the ordinary kind, applied on a
selvedge guide bar T, which is racked by a racking wheel U, upon the upright
axis L of the ordinary racking wheels. Assuming that the machinery has
been in full operation, and only stopped for the purpose of examination, the
positions of the parts at the place chosen for the commencement of the descrip-
tion is as follows:-Loth divisions of carriages are behind the warp threads in
the back combs, and locked up therein by the blade of the back locker. The
sliders, in the back driving bar I, are now set so as to open the notches in the

page_text: blade i of the back driving bar, and the holders q are now applied to hold those
three carriages of the front division which, together with the other three
carriages of the back division which stand behind them, belong to every place'
where the clothwork is to be made in the net, being those six carriages which*
supply the non-traversing bobbin threads, two of which six aro whipping:
threads, to lace the edges of the breadths together.. The front guide bar & stands
racked to the left as far as it can go; it is capable of racking two spaces of one-
twelfth of an inch each. The front guides v stand twelve per inch in their row,
but five guides are cut out opposite to every to every place where clothwork is:
to be made in the net. The back guide bar 23 stands racked to the left as far
as it can go; it is capable of racking two spaces. The back row contains thrce
guides opposite to every place where clothwork is to be made in the net;
they receive those warp threads which, conjointly with their corresponding
bobbin threads, are to constitute the warp of the clothwork. The three back:
guides stand opposite to the vacancy of five guides in the front row, but not
being sufficient to fill up that vacancy, there are gaps of two threads left out in
the row of warp threads at the left-hand edge of each vacancy of five in the
front guides. Note.-The warp threads for the back guides may either be:
supplied from the same thread roller as the warp threads for the front guides,
or else from a distinct thread roller of their own. The front comb bar stands:
to the left as far as it can go; it is capable of racking two spaces. The selvedge
guide bar stands in its middle position, from which it can go two spaces either
way; it has only one guide for each breadth to receive those intermediate
selvedge threads which, as before mentioned, are introduced in the junctions'
between the breadths to receive the lacings of the whipping threads, and which
intermediate selvedge threads are to be drawn out, along with tho whipping:
threads, when the breadths are finished. The selvedge guides now stand opposite
to the left-handmost of the aforesaid three back guides which belong to each
place where cluthwork is to be made. The selvedge threads are supplied from
a small thread roller of their own. The two weaving bars are both now
standing as far as they can go to the left; they are capable of racking six
spaces. The two weaving bars, as well as the back guide bars, derive all their.
racking motions from the large racking wheels 6, 7, and 8, which go round
once whilst three rows of complete meshes of net are made; the back points
took up last. This position of the several parts being understood; the wincl
handle of the rotary movements may be turned, and will actuate all the: various
parts with the following movements in succession, videlicet, the two locking
camms, in beginning to turn round, will allow the lockers (both back and front)
to turn their blades down inwards towards the guides, so as to liberate the car-

page_text: riages, and at the same time the main driving camm will cause the driving bars,
both back and front, to swing forwards together, and in so doing the back driving
bar will drive the two divisions of carriages forwards in their back combs, and
begin to pass the front division of carriages through between the warp threads
into the front combs; but owing to the notches which are open in the blade of
the back dividing bar, three adjacent carriages of the back division will remain
motionless in the back combs opposite to every place where clothwork is to be
made in the net, as well as three other carriages of the front division which stand
in the same geats of the back combs before the said three first-mentioned car-
riages, so that six carriages will be left motionless, and they are detained from
sliding down in the back combs by their own weight by their holders being
kept in slight contact with the under parts of the tabs of the carriages. When
the front carriages get far enough through between the warp threads, the blade
of the front locker (which is then turned upwards) will pull the said carriages
quite through between the warp threads into the front combs, whilst the back
division of carriages will be locked by the blade of the back locker so as to be
retained in the back combs, and then the racking wheels rack Number 2, which
racks the front combs two spaces of one-twelfth of an inch each to the right,
with the front division of carriages in them, and also racks the front guides one
space to the right, and at the same time the holders are removed so as to let
go the tabs of those three front carriages which they have been holding up.
The lockers, back and front, then turn their blades down inwards towards the
warp threads, so as to release all the carriages, and the driving bars, swinging
further forwards than they did last time, will drive the back division of
carriages forwards between the warp threads; then the holders are brought
up in readiness again for holding the tabs of those three back carriages
which are behind those three which they held before, and the front locker,
turning its blade upwards, will pull the back carriages quite through into
the front combs, but leaving those which are held by the holders behind
in the back combs, and then the racking wheels rack Number 3, which
racks the front combs two spaces to the left, with all the carriages, and the
simultaneous motion of the large racking wheels 5 and 6 racks both the
weaving bars two spaces to the right. Then the lockers turn their blades
down, and the driving bars begin to swing backwards again, so as to drive back
the carriages, and repass the back division between the warp threads, and then
the lockers turn their blades upwards again, whereby the back one takes the
back carriages quite through into the back combs, and the front locker locks
the front carriages in the front combs; also the front points are withdrawn
from the meshes of the net, and then the racking wheels rack Number 4,

page_text: which racks the front combs two spaces to the right, with the front carriages
in them, and racks the front guides one space to the right, and about the same
time the slider is moved towards the right-hand so much as to close the
notches in the blade i of the back driving bar. Then the front points begin
to be tilted down, in order to present their pointed extremities to the warp
threads. The lockers turn their blades down again inwards, and the driving
bars swing further back, to pass the front carriages between the warp threads,
and when the back locker has drawn them quite through into the back combs
the racking wheels rack Number 5, which racks the front guides one space to
the left, and racks the back weaving bar four spaces to the right, and imme-
diately after that racking the front points, having descended rather lower than
the tops of the carriages, but which carriages are now all in the back combs out
of the way, and the points penetrate amongst the warp threads. The front car-
riages are then brought through forwards, and the front points go up taking up
the crossing of bobbin threads which were made by the recent traversing, and
also the recent shoot of back weft threads, and they get quite up; and also the
back points are withdrawn from the meshes of the net by the time that the racking
wheels rack Number 6, which racks the front guides one space to the left, and
the back guides one space to the right, and the selvedge guides two spaces to
the left, and racks the back weaving guides two spaces to the left. Then the
back carriages are brought through forwards, and the back points are tilted
down, in order to present their pointed extremities to the warp threads, and
the racking wheels rack Number 7, which racks the front guides one space to
the right, and racks the selvedge guides and the front weaving guides two
spaces to the right, and then the back carriages begin to be put through
backwards; but immediately after the racking of Number 7, the back points
penetrate the warp threads, and are then shogged about one space to the left
before they have risen up so much as to take the the back bobbin threads, and
having secured their proper insertion amongst those threads, then the back
points are shogged back again as much to the right, after which, in rising
further up, they enter amongst the front bobbin threads, and then go quite up,
carrying before them those positions of twists of bobbin and warp threads
which have been last made, and also the shoots of front weft threads which
have been recently made, and also the front points are withdrawn by the time
that the racking wheels rack Number 8, which racks the front guides one
space to the right, and the back guides one space to the left, and racks the.
front weaving guides two spaces to the right. Then the front carriages are
put through backwards, and the front points are tilted down ready to enter the
warp threads, and the racking wheels rack Number 9, which racks the front

page_text: guides two spaces to the left, and racks the front weaving guides two spaces to
the left, and the back weaving guides four spaces to the left. Then the front
carriages begin to come through forwards, and immediately after racking
Number 9, the front points having been shogged about one space to the left,.
penetrate amongst the warp threads, and are then shogged back again as much
to the right before they have risen up so much as to enter amongst the front
bobbin threads, and then the front points go quite up, taking up the portions of
twists and the recents shoots of the front and back weft threads, and also the
back points are withdrawn by the time that the racking wheels rack Number 10,
which racks the front guides one space to the right, and the back guides one
space to the right, and racks the selvedge guides two spaces to the right.
Then the back carriages are brought through forwards, and the back points
are tilted down, and the racking wheels rack Number 11, which racks the
front guides one space to the right, and the selvedge guides two spaces to
the left, and racks the front weaving guides four spaces to the left. Then
the back carriages begin to be put through backwards, but immediately after
racking Number 11, the back points penetrate amongst the warp threads,
and are then shogged about one space to the left before they have risen up
bigh enough to enter amongst the back bobbin threads, and having entered,
they are then shogged back again as much to the right, and then go up, and,
taking up the last shoots of front weft threads, get quite up by the time the
racking wheels rack Number 12, which racks the front guides one space to the
left, and the back guides one space to the left. Then the front carriages are
put through backwards, and the sliders are moved to the left, so as to open the
noteles in the blade of the back driving bar by the time the racking wheels
rack Number 1, which racks the front guides one space to the left. And now
the ordinary racking wheels having gone quite round, all the parts have regained
the same positions which they had at the commencement of this description,
excepting that the large racking wheels 5, 6, 7, for racking the weaving bars
and back guide bar, have only gone one-third round. The continuance of the
operation is precisely a repetition of that which has been above described,
excepting what relates to the actions of the two weaving bars 16, 17, and the
back guide bar. A row of complete meshes of net has now been made by
the side of the places where the clothwork is to be interwoven into cach
readth, and also the pattern of a row of patches of clothwork weaving is
half finished, and the operation goes on for their completion as follows:-The
front carriages are brought through forwards, leaving behind the aforesaid six
non-traversing carriages which belong to the clothwork, and the ordinary
racking wheels rack Number 2, which produces all the same racking motions

page_text: of the front combs and front guides as before described, and the large racking
wheels 5, 6, and 7, on the lower axis, at the same time rack Number 14, but
the latter does not produce any racking motions, either of the back guides or,
of the weaving guides. The back carriages are brought through forwards, and
Number (3 and) 15 is racked, but the latter does not cause any racking motions
this time.. The back carriages are put through backwards, and Number (4 and).
16 is racked, but the latter does not cause any racking motions. The front
carriages are put through backwards, and Number (5 and) 17 is racked, which
latter racks the back weaving guides six spaces to the right, and then imme-
diately after that the front points penetrate between the warp threads, and
take up the crosses recently made by the traversing, and also the last shoot of
the back weft threads, and at the same time of so taking up, the front car-
ringes are brought through forwards, and Number (6 and) 18 is racked, which
latter racks the back guides one space to the right, and racks the back weaving
guides two spaces to the left. The back carriages are brought through for-
wards, and Number (7 and) 19 is racked, which latter racks the front weaving
guides four spaces to the right, and immediately after that the back points
penetrate the threads, they take the portion of twists which have been last
made and the last shoots of the front weft threads. The back carriages are
put through backwards, and Number (8 and) 20 is racked, which latter racks
the back guides one space to the left, and the front weaving two spaces. to the
right. The front carriages are put through backwards, and Number (9 and)
21 is racked, which latter racks the front weaving guides two spaces to the
left, and the back weaving weaving guides two spaces to the left,, and imme-
diately after that the front points penetrate amongst the threads they take up
the last shoots of back weft threads. The front carriages are brought through
forwards, and Number (10 and) 22 is racked, which latter racks the back
guides one space to the right. The back carriages are brought through
forwards, and Number (11 and) 23 is racked, which latter racks the front
weaving guides two spaces to the left, and immediately after that the back
points penetrate amongst the threads, and take up the last shoots of the front
weft threads. The back carriages are put through backwards; and: Number
(12 and) 24 is racked, which latter racks the back guides one space. to the
left, and front weaving guides two spaces to the left, and the back weaving
guides two spaces to the left. The front carriages are put through backwards,
and; the notches in the back driving bar are opened, and. Number: (1 and) 25
is racked, which latter racks the front weaving guides two spaces to the right,
and the back weaving guides two spaces to the right. The ordinary racking
wheels have now completed, another revolution, and another row of complete

page_text: meshes of net has been made by the side of the clotliwork, and also the pattern
of a row of patches of clothwork has been completed, consisting in the whole of
eight horizontal zig-zag courses of the weft threads which have been laid
athwart those warp threads which are threaded into the back guides, and the
weft threads so laid have been taken up by the successive taking-up actions of
the points, as above described. The remainder of the series of operations is as
follows, for forming another row of complete meshes of net, and also such
twisting of the non-traversing bobbin threads, and back guide warp threads are
requisite for filling up the intervals, between the succeeding patches of cloth-.
work. The front carriages are brought through forwards; and Number (and)
26 is racked, which latter racks nothing. The back carriages are brought
through forwards, and Number (3 and) 27 is racked, which latter racks the
back guide bar one space to the right. The back carriages are put through
backwards, and Number (4 and) 28 is racked, which latter racks nothing.
The front carriages are put through backwards, and Number (5 and) 29' is
racked; which latter racks the back guides one space to the left. Then the
front points take up the crossings last made. The front carriages are brought
through forwards, and Number (6 and) 30 is racked, which latter racks the
back guides one space to the right. The back carriages are brought through
forwards, and Number (7 and) 31 is racked; which latter racks the back guides
one space to the right. The back points take up the portions of the twists
which have been last made. The back carriages are put through backwards,
and Number (8 and) 32 is racked, which lattér racks the back guides one
space to the left. The back carriages are put through backwards, and
-Number-(9 and) 33 is racked, which latter racks the back guides one space
to the left; the front points take up the last portions-of-twists which have
been made. The front carriages are brought through forwards, and Number
(10 and) 34 is racked, which racks the back guides one space to the right.
The back carriages come through forwards, and Number (11 and) 35 is
racked, which latter racks the back guides one space to the right; and the
back points take up the last portions of twists. which have been made. The
back carriages are put through backwards, and. Number (12 and). 36 is
racked, which latter racks the back guides one. space to the left. The front
carriages are put through backwards; and Number 1 of both sets of racking
wheels is racked; which latter racks the back guides one space to the left, and
the front weaving guides two spaces to the left, and the back weaving guides
two spaces to the left, and the notches in the blade of the back driving bar are
opened. The ordinary racking wheels have now completed a third revolution,
and a third row of complete meshes of net have been inade at the side of the

page_text: clothwork. The large racking wheels have completed the one revolution;
during which a row of complete meshes of clothwork ornaments have been
interwoven with the non-traversing bobbin threads and the back guide threads,
and also suitable twists of those two sorts of threads have been made for filling
up the intervals between the patches of clothwork which have been made (by
the operation above described), and those succeeding patches which are about
to be commenced by a repetition of the same operations. All the parts of the
machinery have now regained the position which they had at the commence-
ment of this description. Note.-The remarks herein-before made respecting
the supplying of the threads from distinct rollers, and the regulating of the
tension of the different threads, apply equally to the machinery last described.
Third Part. Respecting the mechanism herein before mentioned for giving
off more or less length of weft thread at each time of taking up such weft thread
by the points, according as the pattern of clothwork may require the different
succeeding zig-zig courses of weft threads to be inlaid with more or less tension.
This mechanism is represented in Sheets VI., VII, VIII., and part of V., as
applied to the machinery shewn in those Sheets, but it is equally applicable to
28 is the
other machinery for making clothwork ornamented bobbin net.
measuring roller before mentioned, around which the weft threads make a
complete turn, and which may be covered with woollen cloth; 29 is the ratchett
wheel, with fine serrated teeth fixed on one end of the roller 28; and 33 the
click or driver, by which the said serrated teeth are engaged, in order to turn
the wheel 29 and roller 28; 34 is a holding click, to hinder the ratchet wheel
from running back; 39 is the thread roller, on which the weft threads are
wound, and from which they are supplied when drawn off, and unwound there-
from by by action of the measuring roller 28. The click 33 is jointed to
a lever 35, which is mounted on a centre pin fixed by a bracket to a
frame, and the lever 35 carries a truck which applies to the circumference of
a revolving camm 36, fixed upon the main axis Y of the driving and locking
The deficiencies and prominences of the camm 36 being adapted to
let down and raise up the lever 35, with the click 33, so as to take a certain
number of the teeth of the ratchet wheel 29, and then to turn that whee!
round as many teeth, and by that means turn the measuring roller 28, in order
to give off a proportionate length of all the several weft threads which pass
round that roller, which roller, by such motion, will pull off or unwind a liko
length of thread from off the weft thread roller 39, which roller must be very
slightly weighted, so as to offer very little resistance to the pulling off or
unwinding of the weft threads from it; or, in lieu of a long thread roller 38, a
row of detached bobbins may be mounted on pins, cach bobbin supplying one
camms.

page_text: weft thread, all which threads being passed around the same, the measuring
roller 28, it will pull an equal length of thread from each of the different
detached bobbins. The prominences of the camm 36 are so disposed, and the
camm is so placed on the axis wherewith it revolves, that they will act to raise
up the click 33, and turn the measuring roller 28, so as to give off the wcft
threads at the very moment when the corresponding row of points are in the
act of taking up the same weft threads, and require a supply thereof to be
given out, in order to form courses of weft thread in the clothwork; and owing
to the simultaneous and coincident motin of the taking-up points and of the
measuring roller, the weft threads will be supplied to the taking-up motion
just in the time and in the quantity required; but as the quantity so required
will vary according to the pattern of the clothwork, a large notched wheel 40
is fixed upon the lower axis 9, which carries the large racking wheels for
racking the weft guides, and a lever 41, with a truck to apply to the circum-
ference of the notched wheel 40, is connected by a link 42 with the lever 35 of
the click 33, in such manner as to limit the descent of that click which the
notch or depression of the camm 36 would otherwise allow, and thereby deter-
mine how many teeth of the ratchet wheel 29 the click will pass by or slip
over and get hold of, and consequently how many teeth the ratchet wheel 29
shall be turned round during the taking up by the points. The mechanism
above described belongs exclusively to the front weft threads which are guided
by the front weaving guides 18, and always operates in concert with the back
points. There is another measuring roller 45, and thread roller 46 (or a row
of detached bobbins), for the back weft threads belonging to the guides 19, with
its ratchet wheel 47, which is provided with corresponding parts to those
marked 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 41, and 42, but which corresponding parts are not
represented, to avoid confusion. The back weft thread roller 46, and measuring
roller 45, operates exclusively in conjunction with the front points. The con-
struction of the mechanism being now explained, its operation will be best
described by an example, and for that purpose the operation of the apparatus,
as applied to the circular bolt machine herein-before described, may be
chosen; but that is only by way of example, as the mechanism must necessarily
be adapted to suit the machinery to which it is applied. To be suitable for
the machinery herein-before described in the second part, the measuring
rollers 28, 45, should be a very little more than one inch and a half diameter,
their ratchet wheels 29 and 47 having sixty-four serrated teeth, and may be
about five inches diameter; then the canım 36 and large notched wheel 40
being made according to the Drawing, Sheet V., the action will be as follows:-
When the racking wheels rack No. 1, a depression of the large notched wheel

page_text: 40 coming beneath the truck of the lever 41, lets down the click 33, for the
back weft threads, so much as to allow the same to slip past and get hold
of three teeth of the ratchet wheel 47 of the measuring roller 45 for the
back weft threads, which is a preparation for giving off as much weft threads
as is required to be gathered up by the front points when they take up next,
which they will do immediately after the racking of No. 5, and then, after the
front points have penetrated the warp threads, and taken the back weft threads
which have been previously racked as the points are rising upwards again,
carrying those weft threads before them, the lever 37 of the click 33 is raised
up by a prominence of its canım 36 on the main axis Y, so as to turn the
measuring roller 45 round and give off just as much back weft thread as is
required to be taken by the front points at that time of taking up and after that
the plain or circular part of the circumference of the large notched wheel.40 will
hold up the lever 41, to prevent the click 33 from descending again and taking
any more teeth again for the present, as its camm 36 would otherwise allow if
not so prevented. When the racking wheels rack No. 6, the click 33 of the
ratchet wheel 35, for the measuring off roller 28 for the front weaving threads,
is let down by its notched wheel 40 so much as to take two teeth of that
ratchet, in preparation for giving off as much thread as is required to be
gathered up by the back points when they are in the act of taking up next
time, which is after the racking of No. 7, and then, as the back points are
going up, the click 33 is lifted up one of those two teeth, and will turn the
measuring roller 28, so as to give off a very small quantity of front weft
threads. When the racking wheels rack Number 8, the click of the ratchet
wheel 29, for the measuring roller 28 of the front weft threads, is allowed to
descend so far as to take one tooth of that ratchet, in preparation for acting in
concert with the front points when they take up after racking Number 9; and
also, at the same time, the click of the back ratchet wheel 47 is let down so
much as to take four teeth of that ratchet, being also in preparation for acting
in concert with the front points when they are taking up after racking
Number 9; and then, as the front points are going up, the back click is raised
up those four teeth, and then the large notched wheel 40 will retain it from
descending again for the present, and also at the same time of the front points
going up as aforesaid, the front click 33 is heaved up one tooth. When the
racking wheels rack Number 10, the front click 33 is allowed to take three
teeth more, so that it will then have got hold of four teeth, in preparation for
the taking up by the back points, after racking Number 11; and in that
taking up, the front click 38 will be raised up four teeth after which its large
notched wheel 40 will retain it from descending again for the present.
When

page_text: the racking wheels rack Number 16, the back click is allowed to take four teeth
of its ratchet wheels 47, in preparation for acting in concert with the front points
when they take up after racking 17, and in that taking up the back click is raised
up those four teeth, and is then retained by its notched wheel 40 from descending
again for the present. When the racking wheels rack Number 18, the front
click 33 is allowed to take three teeth of its ratchet wheel 29, in preparation for
acting with the back points, after racking Number 19. When the racking
wheels rack Number 20, the back click is allowed to take three .teeth of its
ratchet wheel 47, and at the same time the front click 33 is allowed to take
one tooth of its ratchet wheel 29, both being preparations for taking up with
the front points after racking 21, at which time both clicks are raised up.
When the racking wheels rack Number 22, the front click 33 is allowed to
take the two teeth of its ratchet wheel 29, in preparation for going off the weft
thread, which is to be gathered up by the back points when they are in the act
of taking up after racking tooth 23, and the click 33 will then be raised up
those two teeth. When the racking wheels rack Number 28, the clicks of
both ratchet wheels are allowed to take each two teeth each, in preparation for
taking up by the front points after racking 29, and at that time both clicks
will be raised up.
Having now described the nature of my said improvements, I, the said
William Crofts, do hereby declare that the new Invention, whereof the-exclu--
sive use is granted to me by the said Letters Patent, consists in the extensions,
herein-before described, of part of my former improvements, for which Letters
Patent was granted to me on the Twenty-third day of December, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-four, to the making of clothwork figured or orna-
_mented_bobbin_net_lace,-by-application-and-adaptation-of-part-of the-said
former improvements to what is called Lever's machinery, as is set forth in the
first part of this Specification, and by like application and adaptation to what
is called circular bolt or circular comb machinery, as is set forth in the second
part of this Specification thereof; and also consists in the new improvements
herein-before described for giving off or for unwinding the weft threads, whereof
such clothwork as is to be formed from the thread rollers or thread bobbins by
which such threads are to be supplied to the weaving guides by application to
bobbin net machinery, by which clothwork ornamented bobbin net is to be
made of suitable mechanism, as herein-before described in the third part of this
Specification, the essential character of which mechanism is that weft threads can
by its aid be inlaid into the clothwork with such varying tension as will cause
some of the successive zig-zag courses of weft threads to be laid slack in cloth-
work, and that the returns thereof may be made with easy flowing curves, and

page_text: that other such courses may be laid tight into the clothwork, and that the
returns thereof may be made by sharp bends in such manner as will best suit
the pattern of clothwork which it is intended to produce.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Crofts, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of September,
in the sixth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the
said William Crofts came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of September One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-five.