IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Richards, of Nottingham, Cotton Doubler,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING."
Sealed the 11th April 1871, and dated the 30th January 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Richards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th January 1871.
I, SAMUEL RICHARDS, of Nottingham, Cotton Doubler, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the waste occasioned by the
lapping of the yarn round the top roller, and it consists in an improved
mode of lifting the top roller out of contact with the bottom roller when
the yarn breaks,
In performing my Invention I apply a thin plate between the top and
bottom rollers, the sides of which plate are carried forward and pass on

page_text: each side of the boss of the bottom roller; these sides are united by a
cross bar, over which the yarn passes in going from the rollers to the
bobbin on which it is wound. So long as the yarn remains unbroken
the yarn acting on the cross bar prevents the plate entering between the
top and bottom rollers, but when the yarn breaks the edge of the plate
is drawn forward by the bottom roller and enters between it and the top
roller, which it lifts up and stops; the plate is held when it has advanced
sufficiently by a stop pin or other equivalent.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Richards in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
RICHARDS, of Nottingham, Cotton Doubler, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Richards, Her special licence
that I, the said Samuel Richards, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Richards, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Samuel Richards, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Richards, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention is to prevent the waste occasioned by the
continuous feeding of the yarn by the rollers after the double thread has
ceased to be taken up by the flyer and bobbin, which waste either
becomes wrapped round the rollers, forming what are technically called
roller laps, or by uniting with one or other of the adjacent threads
produces thick threads, which are very detrimental to the quality of
the yarn.
My Invention consists in an improved method of introducing a thin
metal plate between the rollers, so that the top roller is removed out of
contact with the bottom roller by which it is driven, thus effectually
preventing the further delivery of yarn after the breaking or snarling of
the thread. The connection between the thread and the plate is direct,
that is to say, I do not employ any lever for holding the plate back
while the thread is intact, or for bringing the plate forward after the
thread is broken, but in front of the rollers I use a cross bar of glass or
metal, connected with the plate by a rigid frame passing on cach side
of the top roller, and in some cases resting on the bottom roller, which
frame may consist of wire attached to the plate, or may be cut out of
the plate itself. In some cases instead of holding the plate back by
the direct action of the thread, I so arrange it that the drag on the
thread tends to keep the wire frame in contact with a catch, which
prevents it from moving forwards until the drag ceases and the frame
recovers its natural position. I also use a metal cap for the bobbins to
prevent the snarls which are occasioned by chipped bobbins, which cap
is of great service, both by itself and in connection with the stop motion
for the rollers.
My Invention is applicable to throstle spinning machines, and to
machines for doubling silk, worsted, cotton, flax, and other fibres.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a cross section, and Fig. 2 a plan of the rollers of an ordinary
doubling frame with my improved stop motion attached.
a is the bottom roller, driven by gear; 6 is the top roller resting on
'the bottom roller, and driven therefrom by friction, as usual; c is the
plate, which on the breaking or slackening of the thread passes between
the rollers, so preventing the revolution of the top roller and the con-
sequent production of waste and snarled or thick thread. The plate c is
somewhat similar to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to John Drabble and John Smith Raworth on the First day of
April One thousand eight hundred and seventy, Number 953, but in
this instance it is carried in a frame of wire d, to which it is connected,
by preference, with overlapping ears formed in the plate. The front
part of the frame d is made to embrace the top roller 6 and rest upon
the bottom roller a, while the back end of the frame is carried in an
eye e screwed into the stud rail f; the back end or tail of the frame is
turned up, so as to catch against the eye, and so restrain the motion of
the frame and plate within proper limits. When the machine is at
work the friction of the bottom roller has a constant tendency to draw
the plate c forward, which tendency is, however, resisted by the thread g
passing down in front of the glass head which protects the wire of the
frame; when the thread breaks or loses its tension the frame advances
with the roller and brings the plate c into action.
Fig. 3 is a cross section through the rollers of a doubling frame in
which the thread 9 passes down to the spindle in an oblique direction
instead of perpendicularly, or nearly so, as in Fig. 1. In this case I
form the tail of the wire frame with a step or notch, so as to catch
against the eye e. The tension of the thread puts a slight pressure upon
the fore part of the wire frame d, and so raises the back part until the
step in the wire catches in the eye e and prevents the advance of the
framed plate c; when the thread breaks the notch falls out, and the
plate passes between the rollers. This method may sometimes be adopted
with advantage in doubling frames arranged as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 4 is an elevation, and Fig. 5 a plan of a method of carrying the
frame d and plate c independently of the bottom roller a.
The weight
of the frame d and plate c is supported by a rod r through the medium
of a double wire link attached to the plate c by a hinge joint m. The
rod is carried by small brackets n screwed to the stud rail ƒ at short

page_text: intervals. The centre of the hinge joint m is arranged slightly in
advance of the centre of the rod r, so as to give the frame & and plate c
a constant tendency to advance. In all other respects this plan is
similar to that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2.
Fig. 6 is a cross section, and Fig. 7 a plan of the rollers of a doubling
frame which are set to revolve in a direction opposite to that of the
rollers shewn in Figs. 1 and 4. In adapting my improved stop motion
to this class of machine I use a wire frame, as in the preceding cases,
but I place the plate on the other side of the rollers.
I divide the
plate c into two parts, so that the thread g may run in between them
and bear against the cross bar of the wire frame d. The tail of the
frame d is supported by an eye e. In piccing up a broken thread
the attendant draws the frame d forward until it catches in the dent o,
which holds it in position until the attendant is ready to draw the loop
through the frame d and round the top roller b.
Fig. 8 is a section, and Fig. 9 a plan of a bobbin fitted with a thin
metal cap, which I find to be of great utility, especially in connection
with either of the foregoing stop motions. Doubling bobbins in course
of time become chipped round the flanges, the nicks thus produced cause
much trouble and waste by catching the thread and destroying the drag,
leading to irregular twist and snarls. Sometimes the nick is not deep
enough to stop the thread altogether, but only slackens it for a few
seconds, long enough, however, for the plate of the stop motion to get
between the rollers, thus causing irregular twist or breakage. The
metal cap is loose on the spindle 8, and covers up all nicks and rough
places in the top flange of the bobbin x, and so very much improves the
working of the machine.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described several
modes of performing the same, I declare that I claim,—
First. The improved methods of arranging a metal plate as a stop
motion, applicable to machines for spinning and doubling, and severally
shewn and described in reference to Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 7.
Secondly. The use of a catch for holding the plate back while the
thread is intact, as shewn and described in reference to Fig. 3.
Thirdly. The glass head, marked
in the Drawings, for preventing
the wire frame from being cut by the thread.

page_text: And, fourthly. The application of a metal cap to the top flange of the
bobbin, for the
purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Richards, have hereto sct
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one.
SAM¹. RICHARDS. (L.S.)