IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES AND IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING HOUSE REFUSE OR CONTENTS OF THE ASH-PITS AND STREET SWEEPINGS."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Pease and Thomas Lupton, both of Bradford,
in the County of York, Brass Founders and Engineers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES AND IN APPARATUS FOR BURNING HOUSE
REFUSE OR CONTENTS OF THE ASH-PITS AND STREET SWEEPINGS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Pease and Thomas
Lupton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November
1879.
RICHARD PEASE and THOMAS LUPTON, both of Bradford, in the County of York,
Brass Founders and Engineers. " IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES AND IN APPARATUS
FOR BURNING HOUSE REFUSE OR CONTENTS OF THE ASH-PITS AND STREET
SWEEPINGS."
Our Invention relates to constructing privies in which the cinders and other solid
matters are separated from the matters of manure value, and also in improved
apparatus and furnaces whereby the noxious gases proceeding from the products of
combustion are destroyed, and allowing of regulating the draught in relation to the
thickness of the mass of solid matter to be burned.
The privies are constructed with separate manure and rubbish pits, and the privies
are placed back to back with the ash or rubbish pit between them. The pit is
made with a closed top and with a brick partition which forms separate receiving
places for the cinders, ashes, and other solid matter for each house. In the front
are made openings which are fitted with doors; through these openings the house
refuse is thrown, which falls on to gratings fitted near the top of the ashpit, and a
grating is fitted on each side of the privies. Through the gratings pass the ashes or
any fine matter, which fall into shoots leading to the pits made under the privy
seats, and which mix with the excrement; the cinders and other solid matter fall
through openings left between the ends of the gratings and the wall, and fall into
the ash pit. Openings fitted with doors are made near the bottom of each division.
Through the holes the night-soil and rubbish is removed and taken to be destroyed
by any suitable furnace, but by preference in a furnace or furnaces provided with
our improved apparatus for consuming and destroying the noxious gases.

page_text: We prefer employing furnaces fitted on each side of a gangway made of sufficient
width for the passing of two carts to deliver to each furnace the collected ash-pit
refuse.
The furnaces are made with chambers arched on the top and sloping sharply
downwards in the interior, the top having the shape of a half funnel. In the
chamber we fit dead plates which are carried round the front, back, and sides of the
chamber, which prevent clinkers setting to the brickwork; the furnace chamber is
lined by preference with fire bricks; the fire bars are made by preference to have
a good downward fall, but horizontal or diagonal fire bars may be employed. We
make the outlet flue from the furnace to the chimney flue at the lower end of the
fire bars and at the bottom of the brick arch to draw the noxious gases over the
hottest part of the fire and in close contact with the heated arch; we also, to assist
combustion, employ air jets or steam and air jets, which are fitted in front of the
furnace, and we keep up the intense heat in the furnace by means of dampers which
work in frames fitted in the flue leading to the chimney flue. The dampers are
fitted with chains working over chain pullies which are fitted in brackets secured
on the brickwork of the top of the furnace; the other ends of the chains are secured
to the fire doors, which are made to lift and lower and work in guides made on
the fire door frames. In lifting up the fire door or doors the damper or dampers
are caused to fall and close the opening to the chimney flue, thus preventing the
admission of cold air into the flues.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Pease and Thomas Lupton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th May 1880.
RICHARD PEASE and THOMAS LUPTON, both of Bradford, in the County of York, 2
Brass Founders and Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES AND IN APPARATUS
FOR BURNING HOUSE REFUSE OR CONTENTS OF THE ASH PITS AND STREET
SWEEPINGS."
Our Invention relates to improved construction of privies in which the bulk of
cinders and other solid matter are separated from the matters of manure value,
and also to an improved apparatus and furnaces for consuming refuse whereby
the noxious gases proceeding from the combustion are destroyed, and enabling the
regulating the draft so as to create and preserve the greatest intensity of heat to
consume the noxious gases rising from the solid matter being burnt.
The privies are constructed with separate manure and rubbish pits, and are placed
single or back to back, or singly with the ash or rubbish pit between them; the pit
is made with a closed top and with a partition which forms separate receiving places
for the cinders, ashes, and other solid matter for each house. In the front are made
openings which are fitted with doors; through the openings the house refuse is thrown,
which falls on gratings fitted in the ash pit at the back of the privies. Through the
gratings pass the ashes or any fine matter, which falls on to shoots leading to the

page_text: pits made under the privy seats, and which mixes with the excrement; the ciuders
and other solid matter too large to pass through the grate are pushed over and
fall through openings left between the ends of the gratings and the wall, and fall
into the ash pit. Openings fitted with doors are made near the bottom of each
division. Through the openings under the privy seats the small ashes and excre-
ment are taken as valuable manure; through the middle door is taken the cinders
and all other portions of refuse that have been pushed over the grate free from
excrement and of little manurial value, and removed to be destroyed by any
suitable furnace, but by preference in a furnace or furnaces with our improved
apparatus to consume and destroy the noxious gases.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to a furnace for burning the combustible
portions of house or ash pit refuse, changing in quality and reducing in quantity
proportionate to its combustibility, and destroying the noxious gases generated by
combustion by our novei arrangement to burn by refraction and pass the gases
through the red hot perforated funnel into the combustion chamber, into which
all gases enter on their passage to the chimney, and also to drying or carbonizing
chamber arranged to be heated by the burning refuse for carbonizing vegetable
matter, and drying and deoderising tins or other incombustible matter.
This furnace may be erected singly or in blocks, with gangways arranged that
the refuse may be conveyed by carts to the feed doors, and such furnaces as afore-
said may be fed in at the front instead of by way of the top.
The furnace is made with chambers arched on the top and sloping downwards
in the interior, the top being the shape of a half funnel. In the cbamber we fit
dead plates which are carried round the front, back, and sides of the chamber, which
prevents clinkers adhering to the brick work; the back dead plate is extended to
make bottom for carbonizer or drying kiln; the furnace chamber is lined by
preference with fire bricks; the fire bars may be inclined or horizontal to suit
circumstances. The outlet from the furnace to the chimney is by perforations
through the cone into the combustion chamber so arranged as to draw noxious
gases over the hottest part of the fire and along the heated coue, then dividing the
gases into small currents in passing through the red hot cone, combustion being
assisted by air or steam and air. We create and keep up the intense heat in the
furnace by a damper that works in the flues connected to the furnace door by chains
and pulleys. When the door is closed the damper is wide open; when tho door
is opened the damper is nearly closed, and prevents cold air rushing through
the furnace into the chimney. By this arrangement the furnace is much more
efficient.
Such being the nature and object of this our said Invention, we will now proceed
to describe the same in detail, and in order that the Invention may be clearly
understood we have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof,
in which Figure 1 is a section of two privies constructed according to this Invention,
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same, and Figure 3 is a longitudinal view of our
improved furnace for consuming refuse; Figure 4 is a cross section; Figure 5 is a
longitudinal plan view showing grate bars and dead plates; Figure 6 is a plan
showing feed doors.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
At 1 is the aperture or door through which ashes and refuse are thrown to the pit 2.
At 3 is a grate or screen through which a portion of the finer ashes and refuse passes
and by way of the incline 4 to the receptacle 5 under the seat 6 of the privy,
absorbing moisture and preventing escape of noxious gases. At 7 is an opening
through which the privy refuse is removed, the opening 8 being the one for
removal of the ashes and refuse from the ash pit without necessity of entering
same.
Referring now to the furnace,—

page_text: and close immediately about midway the length of furnace, and opened and closed
by lever and weights; 2 are the furnace bars; 3, the arched top or crown of the
cone-shaped furnace, by preference of fire slabs and perforated, as at 4; 5 is the
damper connected by chain 6 to the door 7, so that when the latter is opened or
raised the damper will be closed, or nearly, so as to prevent the entrance of cold
air.
At 10
At 8 is an air passage for promoting combustion of gases in the combustion
chamber 9, so as to render the gases non-offensive before passing to the flue.
is a drying chamber in which is received refuse requiring to be dried; 11 is a door
through which the dried refuse is removed. The drying chamber 10 receives its
heat from the furnace. The furnace bars, as shown at Figure 5, are provided with
a dead plate or plates 12, 12, of metal or fire bricks or slabs, so as to prevent the
adhesion of clinker to the sides of the furnace. At 13, 13, are flues by way of
which the surplus heat passes from the drying chamber to the furnace, as indicated
by the arrows.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of this our said Invention,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or
carried into practical effect, we would have it understood that what we claim as our
Invention is,-
Firstly. The construction of privy or privies having the screen or grating 3,
receptacle 5, and opening or door 8, combined and arranged as illustrated.
Secondly. We claim the construction of the cone shaped furnace 3, having per-
forated passages 4, side and end dead plates 12, 12, and drying chamber 10 combined,
and substantially as illustrated.
Thirdly. We claim the use of the side dead plates 12, 12, as and for the purpose
described, and as illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Pease, for and on behalf of myself
and the said Thomas Lupton, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
Witness,
LISHMAN LUPTON,
Bradford.
RICHARD PEASE. (L.S.)