IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt of Sutton in the County of Surrey, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRUSHES" Com-
municated to me from abroad by Martin Godfrey Imbach of the City of
New York in the United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th December 1882.
SYDNEY PITT of Sutton in the County of Surrey.
THE MANUFACTURE
»
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
OF BRUSHES Communicated to me from abroad by
Martin Godfrey Imbach of the City of New York in the United States of
America.
In the higher grades of brushes the tufts or knots of bristles are set in directions
inclined to each other, and the holes in which the knots are set must of necessity
be correspondingly inclined. Hitherto holes bored or drilled in brush stocks or
backs in such inclined directions have been drilled mainly by hand, and great skill
is requisite to drill them. The principal object of the present invention is to enable
the inclined or diverging holes made in the brush backs or stocks to be drilled
accurately with rapidity and economy by unskilled labor, and the invention
consists of a new system of holding a brush back and of certain combinations of
mechanical devices which are set forth in the claims at the close of this -
Specification.
In order that the said Invention may be fully understood, the accompanying
Drawings and the following description are given of a machine for drilling or
boring brush backs in which the invention has been embodied for practical use; it
being understood, that the mechanism may be modified, without ceasing to embody
the invention as circumstances and the views of different constructors render
expedient.
.
In the said Drawings Figure 1 represents an elevation of the principal parts of
the machine, Figure 2 represents a sectional view of a part thereof; and Figure 3
represents a face view of the brush back pattern plate.

page_text: In the said machine, the drill for boring the knot holes is carried by a revolving
mandril A which is supported by boxes or bearings mounted upon the frame or
bed B, of the machine, and is caused to revolve continuously by power applied by
a belt to the pulley wheel d of the mandril A, The mandril A is fitted to slide
longitudinally in its bearings, so that it may be advanced towards the brush back,
and withdrawn from it. In front of the end of the mandril A, is the back holder
E, to which the brush back F to be drilled, is secured, in any desired manner. When
the brush back is to be veneered after it has been drilled, it may be secured to the
back holder by screws passed through its substance, but when the back is a solid
unveneered back, it is preferred to secure it to the back holder by means of edge
clamps, which fit the edges of the opposite longer sides of the brush back and are
drawn towards each other by means of right and left handed screws formed upon
a shaft extending crosswise through the back holder.
The position in which the brush back is held opposite the end of the mandril A
determines the position and inclination of the hole to be drilled.
In
According to the present invention, this position of the brush back is determined
by the position given to the back holder E by means of a back pattern G. This
back pattern may be, a brush back which has already been drilled to receive the
knots of bristles, but it is preferred to have the back pattern made of hardened
steel in the form of the brush backs to be drilled and with holes corresponding in
arrangement and in inclination with those to be made in the said brush backs.
order that the brush back may be presented to the drill at any required angle of
inclination to its surface, the back holder E is constructed to swivel in the support H
which connects it with the bed of the machine, the preferred mode of constructing
the swivelling connection between the back holder and its support, being by means
of a ball and socket joint; the ball m of which is formed upon the stock of the
back holder, while the socket is formed in the support H, which for the purpose of
admitting the ball is constructed of two pieces secured together. The shank n of
the back holder E protrudes towards the mandril A from one side of this ball
socket; and in order that the back pattern may control the brush back, the said
back pattern is secured to an extension s of the back holder at the opposite side of
the ball socket. Immediately opposite the back pattern is the index or stop. I, for
holding the back pattern and consequently the back holder, in its position during
drilling. This index consists in the present case of a round rod constructed to slide
longitudinally in bearings t. t. which are secured to the bed of the machine; the
axis of said index being in the same line with the axis of the mandril A. The
point of the index is tapered to enter the holes of the back pattern G.
When the brush backs are to be drilled with the machine, the mandril is fitted
with a drill of the proper size and is caused to revolve rapidly, and a back pattern G,
of the form of the brush backs to be drilled, and containing the same number of.
holes in the same relative positions, is secured to the back holder by screws or other
means. The index is drawn forward- and is entered in one of the holes of the back
pattern; and so soon as the back holder is thereby fastened in its position, the
mandril A is slid longitudinally towards the. brush back, so as to advance the
revolving drill into its substance. As soon as the hole is bored, or drilled to the
requisite depth, the mandril is moved backward to withdraw the drill, the index
is disengaged from the back pattern, which with the back holder and brush back
are swivelled simultaneously to place a new hole of the back pattern opposite the
index, the index is engaged in the said hole, and the drilling is repeated. As the
back pattern and brush back are held with their backs towards each other and
parallel at opposite sides of the swivelling centre of the back holder the hole is.
drilled at the same angle of inclination to the brush back, as the axis of the index
to the back pattern; but at the opposite side of the central line of the back holder.
Hence the brush back is applied to the back holder in a position the reverse of
that in which the back pattern is secured to the back holder.
In practice it is convenient to commence drilling a hole of one of the outermost
or innermost rows, and to drill each hole in that row in succession before the next.

page_text: row is commenced. The drill mandril may be advanced towards the back holder
either automatically at intervals sufficient to give the operator time to shift the
index and the back holder while the drill is out of the brush back; or the mandril
may be connected with 'a treadle lever to move it forward, and with a spring or
weight to withdraw it, so that as soon as the operator has shifted the back holder,
he (or she) may advance the mandril by the action of the treadle.
It is proposed also to make the whole machine automatic in its action.
The construction of the parts of the machine may be varied, thus the extension 8,
of the back holder, which holds the back pattern, may be made longer from the
swivelling centre than the length from the same centre to the brush back, in which
case the back pattern should be made correspondingly larger than the brush back
and with its holes correspondingly further apart. Or the proportions of the said
parts may be reversed. The swivelling connection also may be a rotating universal
joint instead of a ball and socket.
Parts of the invention are applicable to the setting of the knots of bristles into
the brush back automatically, and it is proposed to use them in connection with
other devices for that purpose.
The invention which is claimed is.-
The system of holding a brush back in the various positions required for per-
forming an operation upon it by means of a swivelling holder and a back pattern,
substantially as herein before set forth.
Also the combination substantially as before set forth of the swivelling back
holder, the back pattern and the index.
Also the combination substantially as before set forth of the mandril, the
swivelling back holder, the back pattern, and the index.
In witness whereof I the said Sydney Pitt have hereunto set my hand and
seal this eighteenth day of November in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
SYDNEY PITT (L.S.)