IMPROVEMENTS of GENERATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Everding, of Philadelphia, in the United States of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
America, Engineer, for the Invention of
GENERATORS.
13
Sealed the 16th March 1880, and dated the 24th October 1879.
26
↓ :
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Everding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1879.
JOHN EVERDING, of Philadelphia, in the United States of America, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
"
My Invention relates to "instantaneous or. "injection" steam-generators in
which water is instantly upon its entrance into the generating vessels converted
into steam of great expansive force, and of a temperature greatly in excess of that
due to saturated steam.
The improvements consist in a number of generating vessels placed within, a
furnace above the level of the grate, wherein water is flashed into steam, one or
more secondary vessels also located within the furnace into which the steam
generated is injected through perforated pipes, and a steam-reservoir or superheater
composed of a series of multitubular castings, connected one to the other by
threaded pipe nipples which are provided with perforated diaphragms.
Steam is also supplied in jets from the superheater to the perforated pipes within
the secondary vessel, for the purpose of equalizing both temperature and pressure,
and promoting the rapid conversion of saturated vapor into dry steam.
From the superheater steam passes through a vertical stand pipe or supply drum,
where it is mixed with a quantity of saturated steam derived from a jet of water,
which is introduced in the form of fine spray.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Everding in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
April 1880.
JOHN EVERDING, of the City and County of Philadelphia, in the State of
Pennsylvania, and United States of America, Engineer. “IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
GENERATORS."
"
The Invention relates to that class of steam generators technically termed
"instantaneous or "injection," the distinguishing feature of which is that they
contain no appreciable quantity of unvaporized water, the feed water being
supplied in such relation to the requirements of steam generation as to be, instantly
upon its entrance into the generator, converted into steam of high expansive force,
and of a temperature greatly in excess of that due to saturated steam.
The object of the Invention is to provide an instantaneous steam generator of
"simple, compact, and durable form and construction, which shall be exempt from
danger of explosion, and be reliable in its action, and capable of easy operation and
control, and which will further both enable a material reduction of the dimensions
of a structure required to furnish a given amount of power to be made, and effect
when in service a substantial economy in consumption of fuel as compared with
steam boilers of the ordinary description.
To these ends the improvements consist in the combination of a furnace, a
series of generating chambers therein above the level of the grate, each having a
series of injection nozzles fitted to a supply pipe within it, and one or more
secondary vessels composed of tubular branches equal in number to the number of
generating vessels, each branch being provided with an internal perforated pipe
through which steam passes to a reservoir or superheater, and an injection nozzle
by which a jet of steam from the superheater is supplied to the internal perforated
pipe.
*The improvements further consist in the combination of a furnace, a series of
generating chambers therein, each having an internal water injection nozzle or
nozzles, and a steam reservoir or superheater formed of a series of cast vessels of
multitubular form, connected one to the other by threaded pipe nipples or other
analogous couplings.
The improvements further consist in the combination with the steam reservoir
of an instantaneous generator, of a stand pipe or drum connected by a pipe near
its bottom with the steam reservoir, and having a steam outlet for the supply of
an engine at or near its top, and an internal water spray pipe reaching below
Baid steam outlet. The improvements claimed are hereinafter fully set forth.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical central section on the line
x, x, of Fig. 2 of an instantaneous steam generator embodying my improvements;
Fig. 2, a front view of the same, having a portion of the doors removed to show
'the connection between the generating vessels and the secondary vessel, and part
of the reservoir or superheater; Fig. 3, an enlarged transverse section of one of the
water supply pipes through one of the injection nozzles; Fig. 4, a horizontal
section of the generator on the line y, y, of Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a horizontal section
showing a plan of the reservoir or superheater; Fig. 6, an enlarged section of one
of the pipe nipples which connect the series of cast vessels composing the steam
reservoir; and Fig. 7, a view of a portion of the back plate of the generator case
showing the mode of supporting the generating vessels in their respective places.
The furnace A, as shown in the Drawings, consists of a square case of iron lined
with fire brick, but may if preferred be a brick structure, having a fire front of
iron similar to other stationary steam generators. In either case the furnace is

page_text: provided with a fire grate A¹, fire door A³, and an exit flue or smoke pipe A³ for the
escape of the products of combustion. The front is also provided with hinged doors'
a, a, so that easy access may be had to all the parts of the generator, and a number
of openings are formed in it, each for the insertion and support of one end of one of
the generating vessels B, which openings are covered by a cap or bonnet a. The
other ends of the generating vessels B project through an opening A' in the back of
the furnace, and are secured and supported in their respective positions by chocks a³,
the object of this arrangement being to provide for the easy and convenient
insertion or removal of any one of the generating vessels, without disturbing any.
other part of the apparatus, and also to permit the necessary connections or unions
with the manifold D outside of the furnace. The generating vessels B are arranged
in a horizontal plane within the furnace, at a sufficient height above the grate to
admit of the proper combustion of the fuel placed thereon, and are, by preference,
steel castings made in the form of hollow spherical chambers connected by narrow
necks. The dimensions of these vessels may be varied, but I prefer to make them
of such a diameter that a thickness not exceeding one half of one inch will be
sufficiently strong to admit of the vessel sustaining a bursting pressure of at least
four times the actual working pressure, and I have found in the course of my
experiments that it is not practicable or desirable to exceed one thousand pounds
to the square inch as a working pressure. Each of the generating vessels is
provided with an internal water supply pipe C closed at its inner end, and having
an outlet in line with the centre of each of the spherical chambers of which the
vessels are composed. An injection nozzle c is fitted to each of the outlets of the
supply pipes, the bore of which nozzle should be such that in the ordinary working
of the apparatus only such a quantity of water is introduced through the several.
nozzles as will be immediately vaporized by contact with the surface of the heated
chambers of the vessels B. The water supply pipes C are connected at their outer
ends with a common pipe or manifold D, to which water is forced by the pump G
through the pipe d, which is provided with a check valve d¹.
Immediately above the generating vessels and parallel therewith is placed a
secondary vessel B¹, composed of tubular chambers equal in number to the number
of generating vessels, said chambers being parallel with each other, and being all.
connected to a tubular chamber which crosses them at right angles through the
centre. A pipe C¹ which is finely perforated throughout its length is inserted in
each of the branches of the vessel B¹, extending in the same direction as the
generating vessels B. One end of the perforated pipe C is closed, and the other
end is screwed into a fitting E connected by a union e with one of the generating
vessels B, the construction and relation of the vessels B, the vessel B¹, fittings E,
and pipes C', being such that communication between the series of vessels B and
the vessel B' can only be established through the perforations of the pipes C₁, and
for the purpose of preventing corrosion; these perforations are preferably to be
formed in small plugs of nickel or other suitable material inserted in the pipes C¹.
The secondary vessel B¹, or if there be more than one, then the last or uppermost
of them is connected with a steamn reservoir or superheater F, which is composed of
a series of cast vessels similar in form to the vessel B', and placed alternately at
right angles, so as to present the largest practicable amount of surface to the action
of the heat without impeding the draught necessary for the proper combustion of
the fuel. The several vessels composing the reservoir F are connected together at
their centres by means of threaded pipe nipples f¹. A preferred form is shown in
section on an enlarged scale in Fig. 6, one end being closed and projecting into one
of the vessels composing the reservoir, and the projecting portion being perforated
on its sides, the object of such construction being to interpose a temporary check to
the current or flow of the steam from one vessel to the other.
The reservoir or superheater is connected by a pipe f³ with a manifold E¹, from
which pipes e' having contracted nozzles or openings lead through the fitting E,
each into one of the perforated pipes C¹ of the secondary vessel B', the object of

page_text: this provision being to admit a jet of steam tending to produce a current from the
pipes C' into the surrounding vessel B'. The stop valve f¹ serves to regulate or
shut off the supply of steam to the manifold E¹ as desired.
An exit pipe f leads from the top of the steam reservoir F to a vertical stand
pipe or supply drum H, and is connected to the latter at or a short distance above 5
its lower end. A jet of water is introduced into the drum H by a pipe d² connected
with the pump G, the pipe d³ being provided with a stop valve d³ for regulating
the quantity of water to be injected and an internal spray pipe d*. The water
entering the drum in the form of fine spray brought in contact with the steam of
high temperature, which passes into the drum by the pipe f2, is thereby converted
into saturated steam, which is supplied to the engine with the steam from the
reservoir, and reduces the temperature of the latter, so as to prevent injurious
action upon the parts to which it has access. The exit pipe for supplying steam
to the engine is near the top of the drum H, and is provided with a pressure
gauge h¹.
In the operation of the apparatus fire being made upon the grate, the generating
vessels become rapidly heated when the water is injected through the nozzles c,
by operating the pump G by hand until the pressure is sufficiently great to permit
the use of steam upon the engine, after which a pump receiving motion from the
engine or an independent steam pump will supply the quantity of water required
regularly and automatically. The injected water is immediately vaporized within
the generating vessels B, from which the steam passes through the perforated tubes
C' into the secondary vessel B¹, and is there brought in contact with the surface of
the heated vessel, by which any particles of unvaporized water that it may contain
are converted into perfectly dry steam. The steam passes from the secondary
vessel to the reservoir or superheater, which should have a capacity greater or
at least equal to that of the volume of the engine cylinder, and from the reservoir
it passes to the supply drum, in which it may be mixed with a small quantity of
saturated steam derived from the injected jet of water, the result of such admixture
being, as I have found in practice, to provide an efficient lubricator for the engine
cylinder, and prevent injurious effects upon the cylinder, piston, and valves, from
the use of steam of exceptionally high pressure and temperature.
The injection of jets of steam into the perforated pipes C¹ serves the purpose
of equalizing both temperature and pressure, and promoting the rapid conversion
of saturated vapor into dry steam.
I claim as new and as my Invention,―
1. The combination in an instantaneous steam generator of a flashing device
into which water is introduced in jets, and a secondary vessel or vessels into which
the steam generated in the primary vessels is injected through perforated pipes
provided with injection nozzles receiving steam from a superheater, by means of
which the injected steam is separated from the water, and any water carried over
with it is vaporized, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination in an instantaneous steam generator of a series of generating
vessels, each provided with a water jet pipe, a secondary separating vessel into
which steam is admitted in jets, and a steam reservoir or superheater composed of
castings having a central tubular stem and tubular side arms or branches, and
united one to the other by screw nipples, said nipples being either open at both
ends or provided with a diaphragm and side openings, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination in an instantaneous steam generator of a series of generating
vessels provided with pipes and water injection nozzles, and a secondary vessel
receiving steam independently from each section of the first series through
perforated pipes, the secondary vessel being independently connected with the super-
heater by injection pipes or nozzles, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination in an instantaneous steam generator of a steam reservoir on
superheater, a stand pipe or supply drum communicating at or near its lower end
with the steam reservoir, and at the upper end with a supply pipe leading to the

page_text: engine, and a water injection pipe leading into the stand pipe or drum between the
engine supply pipe and the connection with the steam reservoir, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Everding, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty first day of February 1880.
Witnesses,
J. SNOWDEN BELL,
GEO. A. VAILLANT.
JOHN EVERDING. (L.S.)