IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS OR APPA- RATUS FOR RAISING OR FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1879

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hodgkinson, of Wirksworth, in the County' of
Derby, Machinist, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS OR APPA-
RATUS FOR RAISING OR FORCING FLUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Hodgkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1879.
HENRY HODGKINSON, of Wirksworth, in the County of Derby, Machinist. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FORCING FLUIDS."
My Invention relates principally to the pumps employed in the raising of water,
and has for its object to increase their efficiency relatively to the power required
to be exerted in their operation. When constructing a pump in accordance with
my Invention I form a valve chamber at about the bottom of the lift, so that the
water can flow by its gravity through the foot valve or valves into the said chamber.
The sides of the said chamber are provided with a valve or with valves which open
outwards into a delivery chamber. I prefer to employ two or more delivery valves
in order to obtain free egress for the water. A ram is fitted to work in a gland
which is fixed or formed in or on the upper part of the said valve chamber. In
practice I have employed a square or turned ram working in a bored or prepared
gland of brass or gun metal without packing, but this arrangement may be varied.
The rising main or pipe is formed upon or secured to the said delivery chamber.
The pump is formed or provided with an upward extension, which in practice I
make the same diameter as the said ram, and I make the aforesaid rising main
of such proportions as that its internal area is about twice the area of the ram. The
said ram extension is of such a length as that when the pump is being worked the
upper end of the said ram alternately rises and sinks about the same distance above
and below the surface of the water at the top of the rising main. The ordinary
pump rod is attached to the said ram extension, and is arranged to slide in a
ID 71

page_text: suitable bearing or guide, and is actuated by means of a handle, or is connected
with the actuating-lever-shaft-or-part. I-prefer to make the weight of the ram and
ts extension and rod equal to about the weight of the displacement of the-said-ram.
and extension. When-the-parts-are-proportioned as indicated, water is discharged
from the delivery spout-or-pipe-during both the ascent and descent of the ram,
whereby I obtain a nearly continuous flow of water, and also less power is required
to lift a given quantity of water. Although I prefer to have the valve chamber
below the low water level of the water to be raised, I do not confine myself to this
arrangement. Although water has alone been mentioned herein, pumps con-
structed as indicated may be used in the raising or forcing upwards of other
liquids.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Hodgkinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd
January 1880.
HENRY HODGKINSON, of Wirksworth, in the County of Derby, Machinist.
PROVEMENTS IN PUMPS OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR FORCING FLUIDS."
"IM-
My Invention relates principally to the pumps employed in the raising of water,
and has for its object to increase their efficiency relatively to the power required to
be exerted in their operation. When constructing a pump in accordance with my
Invention I fix or form a valve chamber at about the bottom of the lift, so that the
water can flow by its gravity through the foot valve or valves into the said chamber.
The sides of the said chamber are provided with a valve or with valves which open
outwards into a delivery chamber. A ram is fitted to work in a gland which is
fixed or formed in or on the upper part of the said valve chamber. The rising main
or pipe is formed upon or secured to the said delivery chamber. The pump ram is
formed or provided with an upward extension, which in practice I make the same
diameter as the said ram, and I make the aforesaid rising main of such proportions
as that its internal area is about twice the area of the ram. The said ram extension
is of such a length as that when the pump is being worked the upper end of the said
ram alternately rises and sinks about the same distance above and below the surface
of the water at the top of the rising main. I prefer to make the weight of the ram
and its extension and rod equal to about the weight of the displacement of the said
ram and extension. When the parts are proportioned as indicated, water is dis-
charged from the delivery spout or pipe during both the ascent and descent of the
ram, whereby I obtain a nearly continuous flow of water, and also less power is
required to lift a given quantity of water.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood I have attached hereunto a
Sheet of Drawings, to which I will now refer. In the said Drawings Fig. 1 repre-
sents a sectional elevation of a pump constructed in accordance with my Invention,
Fig. 2 being a plan of the foundation plate and foot valve. In the said Figs. a is
the said valve chamber, b is the delivery chamber, and c is the ram.
The said
chambers are constituted by bollow castings, which are secured to a foundation d,
which is in the form of a box having perforated sides, whereby the said foundation
acts as a strainer. In the upper plate of the foundation is formed an opening which
is provided with a hinged foot valve e; this valve is formed of leather strengthened
with metal plates, as is usual, or is otherwise suitably formed. In the said valve is
formed an opening which is provided with a second valve c¹, the two valves opening
in opposite directions, as seen in Fig. 1. This arrangement provides an increased
area for the upward flow of water. The water passing through this foot valve
enters the valve chamber a. This chamber is formed with four flat sides, in each of
which sides is formed a delivery opening which is provided with a flap valve which is
hinged to the outer side of the chamber. There are thus four delivery valves, so that
there is ample area for the flow of water; but although I prefer to provide such ample
passages for the flow of water, I do not confine myself to the indicated number of
valves, and the pump may be constructed with fewer valves or with one delivery
valve only. In the upper part of the valve chamber an opening is formed, in which
the ram c is fitted to slide. In the example this ram is rectangular, and therefore
the said opening is also rectangular, but the ram may be cylindrical if preferred.
The exterior surfaces of the ram and the interior of the said opening are planed, or
are otherwise prepared and finished, so that the ram can slide in the opening in a
sufficiently fluid tight manner without requiring any packing. I prefer to so
dispense with packing in order to lessen the friction, but an ordinary packed gland
may be formed or fixed on the upper part of the chamber. Attached to the said
ram or forming a part thereof is an upward extension c¹, to which is attached or
connected the pump rod, or the part through which motion is communicated to the

page_text: ram. In the example a connecting link ƒ connects the upper end of c¹ with a
crankshafty, but this arrangement may be greatly varied according to the special
requirements of each case, as, for example, in some cases the ram will be actuated
by means of an ordinary-hand-lever.-Rods.h fixed to the sides of the extension c¹
slide in fixed-guides, or any other suitable-arrangement is employed to cause the
upper part of to move up and down in a straight line. The weight of the ram
_and_of the part c', and of any attached parts, is by preference equal to about its
displacement in water, so that the weight of the said parts is-sustained. by the water.
_A_trunk or rising main i is fixed on the top of the delivery chamber. The area of
-the-opening through this main is about equal to twice the area of the ram, that is
to say, the area for the flow of water through the space between the ram and the
inside of the said main is about equal to the area of the ram. When the ram c, c¹,
is worked up and down, the water is drawn into the chamber a by the upward
movement of the ram, and is forced into the chamber 6 by the downward movement
thereof. The combined length of the ram and the part c¹ is such as that the top of
c¹ is submerged at the bottom of the stroke to about the extent of its projection
above the water at the top of the stroke. This has the effect of causing about one
half of the delivery of water to take place when the ram is being raised, so that a
more constant and regular delivery is obtained. Although I prefer to place the
valve chamber below the low water level of the water to be raised, I do not confine
myself to this arrangement. For convenience of description water has alone been
mentioned as a liquid to be raised, but pumps constructed as herein indicated may
be used in the raising or forcing upwards of other liquids.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which I carry the same into practical effect, I would have it to be
understood in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The pump constructed and acting substantially as set forth and indicated
herein before, and in and by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The ram and extension proportioned in size and weight substantially
as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
And, lastly. The valve chamber a, the ram c, c², and the rising main i, substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Hodgkinson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
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