IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS, APPLICABLE TO CLEANING GREEN CROPS GROWING ON DRILLS OR RIDGES, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dickson, of No. 5, Ann Street, Cork,
Ireland, Land Steward, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS,
APPLICABLE TO CLEANING GREEN CROPS GROWING ON DRILLS OR RIDGES, AND
OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 25th November 1864, and dated the 28th May 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dickson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1864.
I, JAMES DICKSON, of No. 5, Ann Street, Cork, Ireland, Land Steward,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HARROWS, APPLICABLE TO CLEANING GREEN CROPS GROWING ON DRILLS OR RIDGES,
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements of the framework and
parts to which the arrows are attached for the purpose of enabling them to
be placed at an angle for cleaning turnips or other green crops grown in
drills or ridges, or be placed on the flat to be used as a single drill or field.
harrow.
For cleaning both sides of a single ridge or drill I employ two harrows
placed at an angle, and for all the sides of two ridges four harrows placed at
an angle.
The arrangement of the double drill harrow for cleaning two drills at one
and the same time is as follows:-At each end of a shaft from which a handle

page_text: is raised, I join the tops of four arched arms, which joints are for the purpose
of expanding or contracting the harrows according to the width of the drills or
ridges to be cleaned, the lower ends of which arms are jointed also to the
outsides of the arrows for enabling them to be turned at an angle or on the
flat as may be required. To the inside of each harrow are also jointed two
quadrants, which are connected to the arms at any required place for the
purpose of setting the harrows to any angle, or on the flat. Each pair of
arms are provided with an adjustable strap or connecting rod for the purpose
of keeping the arms, and by them all other parts rigid when the harrows are
set ready for work, thus the harrows can be set to any angle or width, and as
near to the growing plants as may be desired for the purpose of cutting off all
weeds interfering with their growth.
The double drill harrows are each attached to a whippletree by a chain,
which chains keep the barrows at their regular distances, and also keep them
working smooth and evenly along the sides of the drills, the chains are hooked
into the whippletree, which is full of holes for the purpose of allowing the
chains to be shifted according to pleasure, and in the centre of each chain
there is a small S-hook for the purpose of shortening the chains when found
at any time to be too long for a small-sized horse. The whippletree is in
advance of the chains, and in it there are two eyes and bolts, into which eyes
the draught chains of the horse are hooked.
The double drill harrows admit of being made into two single harrows by
drawing the two harrows of each pair near to or rather alongside of each
other, so as to answer the width of the drills between which they are to be
drawn; the harrows in this case are drawn together between two drills, and
not one on each side of the drill as in the double drill.
When the double drill harrows are to be used as a common field harrow,
an extra harrow is introduced between each pair of the double harrows, and
fastened to the others on each side; thus arranged, and the teeth of all the
harrows laid on the flat, they form a common field harrow of much improved
construction,

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Dickson, Her special license that I, the said James
Dickson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Dickson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN HARROWS APPLICABLE TO CLEANING GREEN CROPS GROWING ON DRILLS OR
RIDGES, AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Dickson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or cne of their hands and seals, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be. filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dickson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in improved arrangements of the framework and
parts to which the harrows are attached for the purpose of enabling them to
be placed at an angle for cleaning turnips or other green crops grown in drills
or ridges, or be placed on the flat to be used as a single drill or field barrow.
For cleaning both sides of a single ridge or drill I employ two harrows
placed at an angle, and for all the sides of two ridges four harrows placed at
an angle.
This Invention will be clearly understood by the following particular
description thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents my improved
double drill harrow for cleaning two drills at one and the same time; Fig. 2
the single drill harrow for cleaning one drill; Fig. 3 a side or section of the
harrow detached; and Fig. 4 the mode of attaching the harrows to the horse.
At each end of the two shafts a, Fig. 1, from which two handles a¹ are
raised, and at each end of the single shaft a, Fig. 2, from which a single
bandle is raised, I join the tops of four arched arms b, which joints are for the

page_text: purpose of expanding or contracting the harrows according to the width of the
drills or ridges to be cleaned, the lower ends of which arms are also jointed as
at c to the outsides of the harrows d for enabling them to be turned at an angle
or on the flat as may be required. To the inside of each harrow are also
jointed two quadrants e, which are connected to the arms b at any required
place for the purpose of setting the harrows to any angle, or on the flat.
Each pair of arms are provided with an adjustable strap or connecting rod f,
for the purpose of keeping the arms, and by them all other parts rigid, when
the harrows are set ready for work, and in the ends of each harrow there are
slots and bolts as at g, Fig. 3, for enabling the harrows to be expanded or
contracted according to the depth of the drill on which they have to be placed;
thus the harrows can be set to any angle or width, and as near to the growing
plants as may be desired for the purpose of cutting off all weeds interfering
with their growth.
The double drill harrows are each attached by a chain h to a whippletree
, Figs. 1 and 4, the whippletree being laid on the shafts in a state of rest in
Fig. 1, and shewn in its working position in Fig. 4. The chains keep the
harrows at their regular distances, and also keep them working smooth and
evenly along the sides of the drills. The chains are hooked into the whipple-
tree, which is full of holes for the purpose of allowing the chains to be shifted
according to pleasure, and in the centre of each chain there is small S-hook k,
for the purpose of shortening the chains when found at any time to be too
long for a small-sized horse. The whippletree is in advance of the chains,
and in it there are two eyes and bolts, into which eyes the draught chains of
the horse are hooked.
l
The double drill barrows admit of being made into two single drill harrows
by drawing the two harrows of each pair near to or rather alongside each
other, so as to answer the width of the drills between which they are to be
drawn; the harrows in this case are drawn together between two drills, and
not one on each side of the drill as in the double drill.
When the double drill harrows are to be used as a common field harrow,
an extra harrow, shewn in Fig. 3, is introduced between each pair of the double
Larrows, and fastened to the others on cach side; thus arranged, and the teeth
of all the harrows laid on the flat, they form a common field barrow of much
improved construction.
.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I claim, the arched arms b, Figs. 1 and 2, the quadrants e,
and the straps or connecting rods f, for the purpose of expanding or con-

page_text: tracting the harrows according to the width of the drills or ridges to be cleaned,
and for enabling the harrows to be used on the flat when an additional harrow
is placed between each pair, and also the slots and bolts g, Fig. 3, for
enabling each harrow to be expanded or contracted according to the depth of
the drill, as such improvements are herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dickson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JAMES DICKSON. (L.s.)