IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE MO POWER, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MEASURING, RAISING, AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Colerick Pilliner, Civil Engineer, and James
Charles Hill, Ironmaster, both of Oakfields Works, near Newport,
Monmouthshire. for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
Sealed the 31st January 1865, and dated the 13th August 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner
and James Charles Hill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th August 1864.
We, ALFRED COLERICK PILLINER, Civil Engineer, and JAMES CHARLES HILL,
Ironmaster, both of Oakfields Works, near Newport, Monmouthshire, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MEASURING, RAISING,
AND FORCING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining motive power,
which improvements are applicable to measuring, raising, and forcing
fluids.
In constructing apparatus for obtaining motive power we employ two or it
may be more toothed wheels, each of which has eight or more teeth upon it,
or two rolling curves; one of the wheels or curves is fixed on the main or
driving shaft, and is called the "driver," and the other or others are geared
into it, and called the "follower." We enclose these in a chest or case

page_text: properly bored out, so that by suitable packing on the apexes and sides of the
teeth the wheels revolve steam or fluid tight in the said chest or case. Steam
or fluid under pressure is admitted into the case through an opening at its
side opposite to where the two wheels or curves gear or roll together, and on
the opposite side of the case an opening is made through which the steam or
fluid may pass away. On the admission of steam or fluid the teeth of the
follower" will come in steam-tight contact with those of the "driver," and
the pressure will be exerted on the areas of two teeth containing "packing"
in the "driver" and "follower," forcing them in opposite directions, and
causing them to revolve with a power or value equal to the pressure on the
area of one tooth or thereabouts, or half the difference between the greater
and lesser diameter of one of the curves.
"
"
The passages through which the steam or fluid is conducted to and away
from the case are formed along the exterior of the side of the case, and are
led to that end of it which contains the follower; here each of them is in
communication with a three-way cock or other suitable arrangement, whereby
the steam or other fluid can be caused to enter the case through either of the
passages, and pass away through the other, whereby the engine can be caused
to turn in either direction, and can also be quickly reversed. The end of the
case at which this three-way tap or valve is situated is supported by a suitable
bearing; the opposite end of the case is supported by the main or driving
shaft; this shaft passes through opposite sides of the case, and is carried by
bearings fixed to the sole plate or bed of the machine. Where the shaft
passes through the sides of the case it runs in bearings capable of adjustment,
so that the wheel or curve on the shaft may be kept central in the end of the
case that contains it; for this purpose the bearings of the shaft are turned
parallel, the brasses are made square, transversely conical longitudinally, and
cut through diagonally, and are enclosed in a gland or carriage piece, which is
capable of being screwed into the central "swell" on the cover, and so as it
is screwed into the central "swell close upon the shaft, thus taking up the
wear, and keeping the shaft correctly central.
In order that the points of the teeth of the wheels or curves may work
steam-tight within the portions of the case that partially surround them two
or more of the teeth of each wheel or curve are provided with packing; the
form of packing we prefer to use is a slip of steel with a spring behind it
let into slots cut in the points of the teeth, and prevented from projecting
beyond a proper distance-by suitable stops.
In order to pack the sides of the case to make a steam-tight joint between
them and the sides of the wheels or curves, a diaphragm or plate is employed

page_text: that is made to fit the chest or case steam-tight. On the centre of the back
of this plate an inclined plane or wedge is formed, and a wedge piece is placed
between it and the cover of the chest, which is pressed laterally by a spring,
and is intended to keep the diaphragm steam-tight against the sides of the
wheels or curves..
In. the above arrangement we have only spoken of two wheels being
employed; we would state, however, that according to our Invention three
'or more such wheels may be combined together in a similar manner.
When we apply the above arrangement to measuring fluids we ascertain
the quantity of fluid required for one revolution, and combine with the axis
of one of the wheels or curves a registering or counting apparatus for
registering 'the number of revolutions, which will indicate the total quantity
delivered.
مشير
In applying the above arrangement to raising or forcing fluids we apply the
power externally to the driving shaft, and the "inlet " and "outlet" pipes are
the "tail" and delivering pipes, according to the direction in which the shaft
is turned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner and James Charles Hill in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 13th February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALFRED
COLERICK PILLINER, Civil Engineer, and JAMES CHARLES HILL, Ironmaster,
both of Oakfields Works, near Newport, Monmouthshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excerent; Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did,. for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said. Alfred Colerick Pilliner and James Charles Hill, Her special
licence that we, the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner and James Charles Hill,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Alfred Colerick Pilliner and James Charles Hill, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from
time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man; an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, WHICH

page_text: IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO MEASURING, RAISING, AND FORCING FLUIDS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, thé said Alfred Colerick
Pilliner and James Charles Hill, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and. seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner and James
Charles Hill, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
imanner the same is to be performed; to be particularly described and, ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining motive power,
which improvements are applicable to measuring, raising, and forcing
fluids..
In constructing apparatus for obtaining motive power we employ two or it
may be more toothed wheels, or two rolling curves; one of the wheels or
curves is fixed on the main or driving shaft, and is called the "driver," and
the other or others are geared into it, and called the follower. We enclose
these in a chest or case properly bored out, so that by suitable packing on the
apexes and sides of the teeth the wheels revolve steam or fluid tight in the
said chest or case. Steam or fluid under pressure is admitted into the case
through an opening at its side opposite to where the the two wheels or curves
gear or roll together, and on the opposite side of the case an opening is made s
through which the steam or fluid may-pass away. :
An apparatus so constructed is shewn at Figures 1. a is the wheel called
the "
driver," and 6 the "follower;" c is the case containing them; d, the
inlet passage; and e the outlet passage.
On the admission of steam or fluid the teeth of the "follower" will come in
steam-tight contact with those of the "driver," and the pressure will be
exerted on the areas of two teeth containing "packing" in the "driver" and
follower," forcing them in opposite directions; and causing them to revolve
with
a power or value equal to the pressure on the area of the outer halves of
two teeth, or thereabouts. The passages through which the steam or fluid is
conducted to and away 'from the 'case are 'formed along the exterior of the side
of the case, and are led to that end of it 'which contains the follower; here
cach of them is in communication with a four-way cock f, shewn separately
at Figures 2, or other suitable arrangement. Steam or other fluid can be

page_text: caused to enter the case through either of the passages, and pass away through
the other, whereby the engine can be caused to turn in either direction, and
can also be quickly reversed. The end of the case at which this four-way tap
or valve is situated is supported by a suitable bearing, see g, Figures 1; the
opposite end of the case is supported by the main or driving shaft; this shaft
passes through opposite sides of the case, and is carried by standards fixed to
the sole plate or bed of the machine. Where the shaft passes through the
sides of the case it runs in bearings capable of adjustment, so that the wheel
or curve on the shaft may be kept central in the end of the case that contains
it; for this purpose the bearings of the shaft are turned parallel, the brasses
are made square transversely, conical longitudinally, and divided diagonally,
and are enclosed in glands or carriage pieces screwed with right and left hand
threads, which are capable of being screwed into the central "swell " on the
cover, and as they are screwed into the central "swell" close upon the shaft,
thus taking up the wear, and keeping the shaft correctly central. To secure
the glands in their places keys are let into the swells on the covers, which fall
into spaces in the sides of the glands; these bearings are shewn separately at
Figures 3. The "follower" runs on a conical spindle, which is adjustable by
a "nut" working against a washer sliding on the bed against the follower
wheel, see Figure 4.
In order that the points of the teeth of the wheels or curves may work
steam-tight within the portions of the case that partially surround them, two
or more of the teeth of each wheel or curve are provided with packing;
the form of packing we prefer to use are slips of steel with springs behind
them let into slots cut in the points of the teeth, or two or more slips so
arranged that they may always press endways against each cover; these slips
are prevented from projecting beyond a proper distance by suitable stops; one
of these wheels with its packing pieces is shewn separately at Figures 6.
In order to pack the sides of the case to make a steam-tight joint between
them and the sides of the wheels or curves, a diaphragm or plate is employed
that is made to fit the chest or case steam-tight. On the centre of the back
of this plate an inclined plane or wedge is formed; and a wedge piece is placed
between it and the cover of the chest, which is pressed laterally by a spring or
screw, and is intended to keep the diaphragm steam-tight against the sides of
the wheels or curves; this packing is shewn separately at Figures 5; or wo
recess the sides of the wheels, and insert packing plates, which are presse:
against the sides of the covers by suitable springs and packing, see Figures 6;
or we make each wheel in two or more parts with springs or clastic material
between them.--

page_text: To obtain greater smoothness of motion we make either. the teeth or body
of the wheel or wheels slightly elastic by inserting springs or elastic material
between their centres and rims, or by making each tooth hollow, or by slitting
each tooth longitudinally from the' point to the base; and filling up the space
with suitable material...
In the above arrangement we have only spoken of two wheels being
employed, we would state, however, that according to our Invention three or
more such wheels may be combined together in a similar manner.
When we apply the above arrangement to measuring fluids we ascertain.
the quantity of fluid required for one revolution, and combine with the axis
of one of the wheels or curves a registering or counting apparatus for
registering the number of revolutions, which will indicate the total quantity.
delivered.
In applying the above arrangement to raising or forcing fluids we apply
the power externally to the driving shaft, and the "inlet" and "outlet" pipes
are the "tail" and "delivering "pipes, according to the direction in which
the shaft is turned.
Having thus described. the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, we would state that we are aware that it has before-
been proposed to obtain motive power by employing toothed wheels gearing
with each other, and acted on by steam in the manner above described, we
do not, therefore, generally claim the same; but what we claim is, the
arranging apparatus for obtaining-motive-power, and-for measuring, raising,
and forcing fluids in the manner herein described. :
In witness whereof, we, the said Alfred Colerick Pilliner and James
Charles Hill, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day
of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.
ALF. C. PILLINER. (L.S.)
(L.S.)
J. C. HILL.
ALF. C. PILLINER. (L.s.)
J. C. HILL.
(L.S.)