Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 18th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1888
We, WILLIAM CRAWFORD GRAY, Carpet Manufacturer, and WILLIAM TANNARILL,
Designer, both of Newton Carpet Works, in the town and county of Ayr, do hereby
declare the nature of our invention to be as follows:-
66
"
"frame upon
This Invention relates to an entirely new make of carpeting to imitate Brussels,
formed in various plies. Two warps upon separate beams are employed, one of thein
а fine"
or catch warp shed to make the cloth but not shown in the pattern and
drawn or heddled to form a continuous line between the other, which is a thick plied
warp employed partly in the body of the cloth and partly on the face of the cloth
forming pattern and imitating the cord and pile of a Brussels by the aforesaid catch
warp on each side but not really shown. By this arrangement also an extra colour
is obtained over the number of weft colours employed equivalent to a
a Brussels carpet. For the proper weaving of the cloth a separate warp beam is
fitted to the loom for each warp, and a separate giving off motion for each beam to
suit the varying "let-off" of the different warps. A single-eyed Jacquard machine
is used, and the cards are cut in such a way as to shed and make cloth without
heddles, journals, or double necked harness. The fine warp is actuated by the needles
in one half of the Jacquard while the thick plied warp is actuated by the other
half there being two strands of the catch warp and two of the pattern warp in each
alternate sheet of the reed and those warps require to be drawn in pairs the "fine"
and "thick plied" alternately for each shed, so as to give the ridged or ribbed
appearance in the cloth. A card is required for each shot of weft. The fine warp
is cut upon the one half of the card as "journal" to shed and make cloth as the
number of plies may necessitate, and the thick plied warp is cut upon the other half
of the card to make "pattern." In the case of a design having only two "weft"
colours, say red and green, and one plied warp" colour, say black, the red being
66

page_text: tbrown first it is necessary to cut upon the plied warp half of the card everything in
the design except red, and with the green shot vice versa, namely, everything except
green. In the case of a design with three "weft" colours, say red, green, and
white, and one plied warp colour say black, the red being thrown first it is necessary
to cut upon the plied warp half of the card everything except red, with the green
shot everything except green; and with the white shot everything except white, and
so on according to the number of plies in the cloth, always cutting every colour
except the one being thrown which would thus be raised and show on the surface.
It is to be understood however that two heddles might be used in front of the
harness for shedding the catch warp, when that was preferred, instead of doing so
by one half of the cards and harness as described.
Dated this 20th day of Janna 1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Carpets and in the Weaving of same and Appliances
Connected therewith.
We, WILLIAM CRAWFORD GRAY, Carpet Manufacturer, and WILLIAM TANNAHILL,
Designer, both of Newton Carpet Works, in the town and county of Ayr, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Two sheets of
Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
دو
This Invention relates to an entirely new make of carpeting z to imitate a
Brussels carpet formed in various plies, but having the corded effect on the surface
formed across the web by the coloured weft instead of in the longitudinal direction
by the coloured warp. In weaving this carpet two warps a², a², and b are employed
upon separate beams C, D; one of them a "fine" or
catch warp a¹, a², shed to
make and bind the cloth z not desired to be shown in the pattern, and drawn or
heddled to form a continuous faint line or groove between the alternate cords of the
other warp b, which is made of a thick plied wool warp, shed also to make the cloth
and bind the weft, but employed partly hid in the body of the cloth and partly on
the face, when it may be made to form one colour or the outline of the pattern in one
colour, and showing up with the coloured weft to imitate the cord or loop pile of a
Brussels but across the carpet. By this new arrangement, or mode and means of
weaving, we obtain an extra colour over the number of coloured ply wefts employed,
equivalent to an extra "frame or ply of warp in a Brussels carpet.
وو
And in order to enable others skilled in the art to which this invention relates to
put the same into effect or practice we have hereunto appended two explanatory
Sheets of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to indicate
corresponding parts in all the Figures where shown.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 is a plan or horizontal top view of a portion of this new
carpet fabric, showing the right hand corner with a simple design of border as just
commenced to be woven, to illustrate its nature and construction. The line a - - - a
indicates the right hand selvage warp threads of the fabric, and the lines a', a²,
indicate the fine but strong catch warp, preferably formed of a neutral tint, to cross
and make cloth with the coloured weft but show as little as possible on the surface,
these alternating with a thick plied warp formed of wool to give one colour in the
pattern, and indicated by the two black lines b between each pair of warps a¹, a²,
these two warps a³, a², and 6 being passed through each alternate split of the reed B,
parallel to the selvage a a across the whole web. The cross weaving is shown
as commenced to bind these warps à¹, a², and b by a narrow strip of ordinary
weaving at 0 --- 0 with dark cotton weft. But the weaving of carpet and design or
pattern is formed by the coloured wool weft c² c², c³, in the cord sheds indicated by
the successive cross lines or ply cords at 1 - - 1, 2, 33, and so on. This
:

page_text: pattern weft may be woven in one, two, three, or more coloured wefts c in each of
these cord sheds according to the number of colours required in the pattern, that
shown and here described being with three coloured wefts c¹, c², c³, as say red, green,
and white, and respectively indicated by close lines, open light lines, and white spaces
across the warps in this Figure, and producing the pattern over the whole surface
only crossed by the faint catch warp a¹, a², over and under each of these three weft
ply cords c¹, c², c³, and by the coloured warp b above where this forms part of the
pattern.
-11
b
Figure 2 indicates a longitudinal diagram edge view of the fabric corresponding
to and taken on the line 6× - 6x Figure 1, across all the coloured wefts c¹, c²,
with a shed of the catch warp a¹, a², open in the reed B, being the last of the three
sheds of this cord, all the odd warp a¹ being up, and the even a² as down, and all the
intermediate coloured or black warp 6 up (that is to be hid in the body of the fabric)
after having thrown the first red shot c¹ of this ply, to show on the surface, with the
second green shot 2 previously thrown, and with the last or third coloured shot c³ of
the weft as the white just thrown in this shed below, and ready to be beat up by the
reed B, and having all the black warp hid in the body of the fabric, holding down
the said two previous shots of red and green c¹ and c where they do not show on
the surface pattern, as will hereinafter be more fully described.
Figure 3 shows face views of a set of the pattern cards for weaving the last or thirty
third cord of the pattern shown in Figures 1 and 2, to show one mode of cutting or
punching these to suit the ordinary Jacquard mechanism and single-eyed sets of
harness HH', shown in Figure 4, each eye h2, h², having one strand of the
warps a, a², and b, successively and alternately passed through them as they are
placed in sequence through the reed B, and produce the three coloured weft pattern
in each cord 1, 2, 3, and so on across the fabric and according to the pattern cards,
one half I' of each card I being cut at in alternate_rows, for shedding the catch
warp a¹ up, and a² down, or vice versa by the harness H, and the other half 12 of the
card I cut at 2 in the different cards to shed the ply warp b to form pattern in the
different colours, the cards being shown only punched at the two opposite ends where
the pattern is a repeat of that shown in Figure 1, but might have one pattern over
the whole length of the card from right to left, the whole central part at 1" not being
shown punched, as the central part of the pattern is not shown in Figure 1 for that
part, but would be punched in the same manner as shown right across to suit the
centre or end of the pattern not shown to the right on the cards.
Figure 4 on Sheet 2 is an end or side section of an ordinary Jacquard mechanism J,
as carried on beams J¹ high over the carpet power-loom frame A, A, but having the
rods J for working it from the loom as broken away at J*, and also the harness H, H',
for drawing and shedding the warp a, a, b, as broken away at H*, and corresponding
to the like sectional end or side elevation of the loom A, shown in Figure 5 on Sheet 2,
all fitted in accordance with our improvements for weaving this new carpet fabric
shown in Figures 1 and 2, and hereinafter more fully described.
Figures 6 and 7 are respectively an end and front elevation of the Jacquard
machine J to a small scale to show its general arrangement and action more clearly
than can be seen in Figures 4 and 5, and showing the opposite connecting rods J², J*,
and double reversing beam levers J³, which reciprocate the upper brander frame j¹ to
and from the lower onej which is worked by the rods J", J, shown in Figures 4
and 5 from the loom, so as to raise the one portion of the warps while lowering the
other to form each shed as determined by the pattern cards I and the needles 2, and
draw wires h, , brought into action on the respective brander frames j and j¹.
Referring to Figures 4 to 7:-A, A, is one of the side frames of the loom, secured
by flanges at A to the floor or foundation A*, having its crank shaft A² carried in
journal bearings in the frames A, and driven as usual, by a belt and fast and loose
pulleys on it; and actuating the second motion shaft A³ by spur wheels A", A",
preferably at the same speed, so as to take all the prime movements from these
shafts A2, A3, for actuating the Jacquard mechanism J, check shuttle box mechanism,
and beating up lathe B₁ and reed B, all substantially in a usual manner. B¹ is the

page_text: lathe oscillated by the connecting rods B2 from the cranks of the shaft A2, and
carrying the reed B, over the shuttle race B", between the ordinary raising and
lowering shuttle boxes B³, mounted at opposite sides of the lathe B¹, and loom, all so
far substantially as heretofore in other looms for weaving ordinary carpets.
By these improvements the catch warps a¹, a², and body warp b, are mounted on
separate beams C and D in bearing brackets at the back of the side frames A, A, so
as to be given off at the different rates they are woven into the new fabric z, shown
in Figures 1 and 2, as will hereinafter be described. Each warp is passed over a
movable tightening bar E and F, carried in the hooked vertical arms of bell crank
levers E' and F¹; the desired strain being brought on each warp a¹, a² and 6 by their
rod and spring connections E" and F11 secured above the horizontal arms of their
levers E and F, and below to ordinary adjustable weighted levers not shown in the
Drawings, fulcrumed on the lower part of the side frames A, and having the weight
on each adjustable, less or more according to the strain desired on the separate warps
through their movable bars and levers E, E, and F, F", respectively; the catch
warp a, a, being carried forward through the eyes of the front half or six rows of
their respective harness H on through the reed B to the fell 21 of the fabric z being
woven, which is carried over the front breast beam A, of the loom, down in front
round the taking-up cloth beam Z, carried in bearings in the front side frames A of
the loom and actuated by the ordinary take-up ratchet
wheel motion,
and spur
gear
not shown in the Drawings. This differential or proportional slackening back of the
different warp beams C and D and their warps a', a², and b, is effected each by a
carried
screw wheel C, D, and screw C", D¹ on their respective cross shafts C², D2,
on brackets from the side frame A of the loom. Each shaft C2, D2, has ratchet
wheels C³, D³, on their inner ends actuated by rocking pawl levers C, D, each
operated by pulling rods d, d, attached at top to the inner long arms d¹, d¹, of
levers d', d², fulcrumed on fixed centres at d¹¹ projecting from the side frames of the
loom A, having their inner short arms d², d², respectively acting on regulating screw
rods or studs d³, d¹¹, on the horizontal arms E' and F¹ carrying the frame bars E
and F of their respective warps a', a², and b, so as to allow these frame bars and
levers to take up their respective warps by the spring rods and springs E, F, and
their weighted levers before referred to, proportionally as given off by their ratchet
screw shafts C2, D2, when turned by the said arrangement of levers, and adjusted
differentially by the screw studs d³, d, and rods e³ ell to compensate for the different
diameters of the warp rolls C and D and the take-up of the different warps a¹, a²,
and b, always keeping nearly the same strain on the warps while weaving the fabric.
The differential taking-up levers d¹, d², are actuated as described to give off the warps
by the backward motion of each sword B' of the lathe through a link e connected near
its lower end actuating the vertical arm e¹ of a bell-crank lever e¹, e², fulcrumed at e¹¹
to a bracket on each side frame of the loom, the horizontal arm e² actuating the long
arms d in the upward direction through a slotted and screw adjustable link and
rod e³, e, to turn the screw shafts C2 and D2, to give off the warp a¹, a² and b,
respectively, in accordance with the take-up of these warps in the weaving of the
fabric z.
A shed of these warps is shown open in Figures 2 and 5, with the
lathe B', in the latter Figure shown in the position in which the shuttle would be
thrown through the shed. In the weaving of this new fabric z, a separate card I
is required for each shot of coloured weft c¹, c², c³, in each weft cord c beat up
within each shed of the catch warp a', a², so that this requires a very large set
or series of cards I, for the pattern of a carpet, to give continuous weaving; and
to facilitate this, one set of cards J is shown mounted in Figure 4 for the cross
border and corner part of the design, as shown in Figure 1, and another J' below
it for the pattern of the body and side border part of the design, both mounted
in their respective carrying guide rails J¹¹¹, so that as the one set of cards is
finished weaving its part of the design, the other set may be quickly and easily
coupled and passed over the working pattern barrel K; the cards I passing over the
top of the barrel K in the direction indicated by the arrows, as seen particularly in
Figure 4, so that the card I on the face of the barrel K actuates the needles j², j¹¹; in

page_text: its reciprocation. The barrel K is turned and reciprocated in a usual manner by the
rotating escapement motion k, and rotating rocking vertical spindle k¹, and oscillated
by lever mechanism k², and vertical reciprocating rod 1, both from the loom below,
all much in a usual manner, and as indicated in Figure 6. As will be seen from
these Figures, and from Figure 3, showing the one set of three cards I corresponding
to those for working the sheds of the last cord shed 33, being the third cord of the set
of pattern cards Jo, of the pattern shown in Figure 1, and which shows a card for
each shed of the warp drawn coloured wefts, namely, red, green, and white, and
which is written on the cards, in the rotation in which they are to be thrown by their
shuttles, it will be understood that the top or first row and the third and fifth rows of
the upper half or six rows of needles actuated by the corresponding rows of the
upper half I¹ of the cards I, are made to draw up the corresponding rows of hooks h
and harness H, and so tied and connected to the catch warp a', a², that when these
odd rows of holes in the cards I are perforated, as shown in the three cards I,
Figure 3, they lift all the catch warp a¹, and lower all the catch warps a² of the
warps across the whole web, as indicated in Figures 2 and 5. While the perforations i²
in the other half 12 of the cards I, which are punched, lift all the ply warp b in pairs,
wherever this coloured warp is to be shown in the surface of the pattern, and lowers
only those warps where the particular coloured weft thrown is to be shown on the
surface, at the parts where the cards I are not punched. By this arrangement of the
improvements, the three pattern cards I for cach coloured cord, are cut or punched
at in such a way as to shed and make cloth by the one half I¹ of the card I for the
whole three sheds of the catch warp, and for each colour, red, green, and white,
respectively, and for the coloured warp b, by the other half I2 of each card I. And
these warps b are drawn in pairs by the needles ;" and the corresponding two holes 22,
in their half 12 of the card I. Thus for the proper weaving of this new carpet
fabric, except where the one coloured wool warp 6 is desired to be shown on the
surface, all the other colours of the pattern are shown on the surface by the three
wefts c¹, c², c³, as red, green, and white thrown in succession into the same shed of the
catch warp made successively by the three cards of the set for each colour shot thrown
and forming each cord c or rib 1, 2, 3, etcetera, across the whole fabric, showing only
the particular colour weft on the surface of each rib to suit the pattern determined by
the sequence of the coloured weft shuttle and punching or cutting of the pattern cards
to correspond. Thus a different pattern card I is required for each shot of the
coloured weft c¹, c², c³, respectively; but as shown in Figure 2 the coloured wool
warp b wherever it is not shown on the surface, is shed so as to lie in the middle or
body of the cloth separating the coloured weft shown on the surface from all the rest
of the coloured wefts left to form the under body part of the carpet, all bound
together by the catch warp a', a², alternately shed as journal, that is, the next
set of the three pattern cards I, brought into action after those shown in
Figure 3, and each alternate following set would have the second, fourth, and
sixth rows of holes punched in the upper half I of the cards I, as indicated
by dotted lines in Figure 3, so as to raise all the catch warp a², to form the
corresponding even numbers of the said alternate three-ply weft coloured cords c,
described; and the shedding of the thick plied warp bis cut upon the other half I² of
cach card I of each three set of cards to make pattern, and where the black is to show
in the outline or other part of the pattern it is cut and drawn double or in pairs on
the cards, and all so as to give the ridged or ribbed appearance on the surface,
especially in the transverse direction of the coloured weft, in contradistinction to
being formed by the longitudinal coloured warp, as in Brussels carpets; the catch
warp giving a slight effect of ribs or loops in the longitudinal direction of the fabric.
The three cards shown in Figure 3 are shown as cut to form pattern for the red,
green, and white shots of the last or thirty-third row of the pattern shown in Figures 1
and 2. Thus in this case of a design having three weft colours c¹, c², c³, in the
pattern, and one plied warp colour b, the red being thrown first, it is necessary to cut
or punch the pattern needle holes 22 on the half 12 of the first or red card I for
drawing the coloured warp b, for every part of the pattern except red, which is shown

page_text: left blank and indicated by crosses, and so will show up the red corresponding to the
pattern; and on the second or green card everything except green, which is shown
left blank, and indicated by small circles, and will show the green up corresponding
to the pattern; and on the third or white card everything except white, which is
shown left blank and indicated by a dot () and will show the white up corresponding
to the pattern. Thus every colour would be cut in its card except the one being
thrown, where there were two, three, four, or other number of coloured wefts or plies
in this cord fabric z; and as before stated, where black plied warp b is to be shown, it
also would be cut in all the three cards, and is marked and indicated by a short black
line (1), all otherwise substantially as shown and described in reference to the pattern
Figures 1 and 2 of the new fabric z. One or it might be two holes are punched at
the ends of each of the cards as shown at * for operating the needles and draw
wires for working the selvage and catch warp of the selvage a, a. In most cases, and
where the pattern of the carpet to be woven is large in width, or is repeated, either
in the border or in the body of the pattern, the pattern would not be punched to
repeat on the card I as shown repeated on the right hand side in Figure 3; but
instead of this repeating of the pattern in the cards, each draw wire h¹, would have as
many harness ends attached to it as there were repeats of the design in the width of
the fabric; and these harness ends would be led down at an angle, and spread out,
so as to have the ply warp 6 passed through them in sequence at the proper part of
the fabric where the pattern repeated in sequence with the first part of the pattern,
corresponding to that punched in the cards, and to the needles, to make pattern, all
otherwise as hereinbefore described.
Although one half I¹ of the pattern cards I have been shown and described in
reference to Figure 3 as cut or punched in alternate rows in the different three sets of
cards for each cord, that is, on the first, third, and fifth rows to shed by the harness H
all the catch warps a¹ up, and those a² down; and on the second, fourth, and sixth
rows to bring a² all up and a¹ down in the alternate cords of the pattern weft; it will
be understood that instead of the half of the harness H, one, two, or three double sets
of ordinary leaves of heddles could be mounted in front of the harness H', and
worked in a usual manner as journal to shed these catch warps a¹, a², alternately to
shed and make this cloth in an equivalent manner to that done by the said half I¹ of
the cards I, and the front part or division H of the harness. And although we have
only shown and described the mode and means of weaving a complete carpet according
to our improvements, it will be understood that this new carpet fabric can be similarly
woven in narrow looms in web fabrics with continuous repeating patterns as Brussels
and other carpets are woven.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
First. A carpet fabric formed in various weft plies transversely to imitate the surface
effect of a Brussels carpet substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. A carpet fabric having a fine catch warp and a thick plied coloured warp,
and the pattern formed across the web by two, three, or more ply cords of coloured
weft substantially as and in the manner herein described, in reference to and shown
in the accompanying drawings.
Third. The mode and means of weaving or manufacturing carpets to imitate the
surface effect of Brussels carpets, consisting in employing two warps on separate
beams, one of them a fine or catch warp shed to make cloth, and the other an alternate
thick plied woollen warp employed partly in the body and partly in the pattern and
face of the cloth and having the pattern formed across the web by the coloured
woollen weft in ply cords, substantially as and in the manner herein described, in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In weaving carpets, the mode of operating the separate warps, in a single-
eyed harness Jacquard machine, with the cards cut or punched in such a way as to

page_text: shed and make the new fabric without heddles, journals, or double necked harness,
consisting in actuating the fine catch warp by one half, and the thick plied woollen
warp by the other half of the pattern cards, needles and draw wires of the Jacquard
mechanism substantially as and in the manner herein described, in reference to and
shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In weaving carpets, the mode of shedding the warps, consisting of shedding
the catch warp by cutting or perforating the one half of the cards in alternate rows
as journal to shed and make cloth, and in shedding the thick plied woollen warp by
cutting or perforating the other half of the cards to make pattern with the corded
coloured woollen weft across the carpet, substantially as and in the manner herein
described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. In weaving carpets, the herein described mode of cutting the pattern part
of the weft cards consisting in cutting or punching upon the half of the cards
every colour except the one for the time being, being thrown, substantially as
set forth.
Seventh. In weaving carpets, the mode of operating the warp beams, consisting in
employing a separate differential give-off motion for each beam or warp frame, to suit
the varying
let off" and shedding of the different warps as taken up in the new
fabric, substantially as and in the manner herein set forth.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow,
Agents for the Applicants.
Dated this 17th day of October 1888.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow,
Agents for the Applicants."