Improvements in Parts of Carrier Cycles.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Parts of Carrier Cycles.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS PITT of the Firm of W. T. Pitt and Company, of Monarch
Works, Mary Street, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has relation to detail improvements in parts of carrier cycles, and
consists in the one part, in improvements in the production of cranks; in the second
part, in improvements in hubs; in the third part, in an improved arrangement of
clutch mechanism; in the fourth part, in an improved construction of the main
bearings, and in the fifth part, in improvements in the ball pedals or stirrups.
In carrying out the first part in connection with double bent or U-shaped cranks,
I make the said cranks from three component bars or lengths of steel, one to form the
centre member and which is formed into two U-shaped throws, and the others to
form end or main spindles.
The ends of the metal of the throws or bends are secured to the inner ends of the
main spindles by junction lugs connected thereto either by screwing or brazing.
Thus, I take two elbow lugs and secure the ends of the metal of the throws by the
left-hand screwing of the one and the right hand screwing of the other, and I connect
the inner ends of the spindles to the elbows by the right hand screwing of the one
and the left hand screwing of the other, so that the rotation of the cranks tends to
screw up the component parts thus united.
The screwed ends of each of the spindles are inwardly terminated by a collar or
boss against which the lugs abut as stops. The extreme outer ends of the spindles
are respectively right and left hand screwed to receive correspondingly wormed hubs,
cones or ball races.
In constructing hubs according to the second part of my improvements, I connect
two flanges for carrying the spokes by a waist or tube which is connected by brazing
or otherwise to the heads or ends, which have formed within ball races, which, in
corresponding ball races of adjustable cones, receive the ball bearing. The inner
head of one hub is made in the form of a hollow drum upon the outside periphery
of which the brake is applied, whilst the inside of the said head constitutes a box for
the reception of clutch mechanism.
Thus, one of the hubs has integral with it, a brake drum and clutch box, and ball-
bearing races at its two ends. Corresponding to these races are two cones, an end
adjustable one taking upon the end of the spindle and an inner one taking upon a
screwed part of the spindle and abutting against the clutch, which is made fast
upon the spindle by screwing up to a collar and kept there by the screwing up
of an inner cone.
According to the third part of my improvements the clutch mechanism consists
of a boss having five teeth upon its periphery and made fast to the axle by screwing
on and adapted to have alternately engaging with the said teeth, four pawls hung
upon pins carried by the inside of the clutch box and having square studs at their
bases which fit up against lugs cast in the base of the clutch box. It is understood
that only one of these pawls is in gear with one of the teeth at a time, thereby
dispensing with the use of fine teeth. Spiral springs are fixed at the backs of the
pawls to keep them home, whilst the pawls wipe over the teeth of the clutch, which
are of the ratchet type.

page_text: In carrying out the fourth part of my improvements, the main bearings consist of
an annular sleeve carried at the end of a socket lug having a double crossed bossed
eye or barrel, which lug is affixed to the framing members with the open sides of the
casing closed by adjustable and combined cones and face plates affixed in their locked
positions by screw cottars passing through the barrel shaped bracket parts, gapped at
their insides and through which the middle parts of the cottars pass and come in
contact with the said cones and prevent their re-rotation after adjustment.
Fitted axially within the middle of the case is a supplementary sleeve, grooved
with an annular ball race on its outside, coming (when the sleeve is in position)
coincident with the half ball races of the cones. This sleeve rotates freely in the case
and has an inside diameter suitable for taking upon the main spindle and is held fast
by the screwing up of the clutch, which is locked by the inner and locking cone in
front of it. By so constructing the main bearings no grooving or wearing away.of
the spindle is created by the balls.
In constructing ball pedals or stirrups according to the fifth part of my improve-
ments, the hanging frame or stirrup carrying the pedal is suspended from two
semi-circular sectional bearers or half sleeves, held together upon the cross end of
the crank throw by nuts or inside screwed collars taking upon outside screwed end
parts of the said bearers or bearing sleeves, within ball races formed in the ends of
which ball bearings come and roll, and thereby prevent the cutting or nicking of the
shaft, which might in consequence be liable to snap off. Outer cones having ball
races are threaded on the ends of the said bearers and are tied together and adjusted
by bolts directed from one to another of them. The ball races of these said cones are
presented to corresponding races in the sectional bearing or sleeve made fast on the
crank. The two or other number of bolts passing between the said end cones have
upon their ends (which are differently screwed) lock nuts, which secure the cones in
their laterally adjusted positions, or the said cones may be secured and adjusted by
connecting rods with one end right and the other end left hand threaded and with
eyes on the cones, into which the said rod ends take, tapped out to correspond.
By constructing the ball bearings of stirrup pedals as described, the ball races
being at each end of the sectional sleeve or bush enables me to fix a hardened bearing
sleeve on the crank throw after it is bent, it being only necessary to thread the inside
screwed collars or nuts onto the crank before building up same.
Dated this 11th day of December 1895.
:
WILLIAM THOMAS PITT,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant..
.1, WILLIAM THOMAS PITT of the Firm of W. T. Pitt and Company, of Monarch
Works, Mary Street, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has relation to detail improvements in parts of carrier cycles, and
consists in the one part, in improvements in the production of cranks; in the second
part, in improvements in hubs; in the third part, in an improved arrangement of
clutch mechanism; in the fourth part, in an improved construction of the main
bearings, and in the fifth part in improvements in the ball pedals or stirrups.
I will describe my invention in connection with a carrier tricycle.
In carrying out the first part in connection with double bent or U-shaped cranks,
I make the said cranks from three component bars or lengths of steel, one to form

page_text: the centre member and which is formed into two U-shaped throws, and the others to
form end or main spindles.
The ends of the metal of the throws or bends are secured to the inner ends of the
main spindles by junction lugs connected thereto either by screwing or brazing.
Thus, I take two elbow lugs and secure the ends of the metal of the throws by the
left-hand screwing of the one and the right hand screwing of the other, and I connect
the inner ends of the spindles to the elbows by the right hand screwing of the one
and the left hand screwing of the other.
The screwed ends of each of the spindles are inwardly terminated by a collar or
boss against which the lugs abut as stops. The extreme outer ends of the spindles
are respectively right and left hand screwed to receive correspondingly wormed hubs,
cones or ball races.
In constructing hubs according to the second part of my improvements, I connect
two flanges for carrying the spokes by a waist or tube which is secured by brazing or
otherwise to the heads or ends, which have formed within them, ball races, which,
together with corresponding ball races of the adjustable cones, receive the ball
bearings. The inner head of one hub is made in the form of a, hollow drum upon
the outside periphery of which the brake is applied, whilst the inside of the said head
constitutes a box for the reception of clutch mechanism.
Thus, one of the hubs has integral with it, a brake drum and clutch box, and ball-
bearing races at its two ends. Corresponding to these races are two cones, an outer
adjustable one taking upon the screwed end of the spindle and an inner one taking
upon a screwed part of the spindle and abutting against the clutch, which is made
fast upon the spindle by screwing up to a collar and kept there by the screwing up of
an inner cone.
According to the third part of my improvements, the clutch mechanism consists of
a boss having five teeth upon its periphery and made fast to the axle by screwing..
Hung upon pins, having square collars at their inner ends taking against lugs on
the clutch box are four or other number of pawls only one of which is in gear with
one of the teeth at a time, thereby dispensing with the use of fine teeth. Spiral or
other springs are fixed at the backs of the pawls to keep them home, whilst the pawls
wipe over the teeth of the clutch, which are of the ratchet type.
In carrying out the fourth part of my improvements, the main bearings each
consist of an annular casing or ring carried at the end of a socket lug affixed to one of
the framing members of the machine. The open sides of the casing are closed by
adjustable combined cones and face plates affixed in their locked positions by screw
cottars passing through the barrel shaped bracket parts in opposite directions, gapped
at their insides and through which the middle parts of the cottars pass and come in
contact with the said cones and prevent their re-rotation after adjustment.
Fitted axially within the middle of the case is a supplementary sleeve, grooved
with an annular ball race on its outer periphery, coming (when the sleeve is in
position) coincident with the half ball races of the cones. This sleeve rotates freely
in the case and is of an inside diameter suitable for taking upon the main spindle and
is held fast by the screwing up of the clutch, which is locked by the inner and
locking cone of the hub in front of it. By so constructing the main bearings no
grooving or wearing away of the spindle is created by the balls.
According to the fifth part of my improvements, the ball pedals or stirrups each
consists of two semi-circular sectional bearers, or a longitudinally split sleeve with the
halves held together upon the cross end of the crank throw by a nut taking upon
outside screwed parts of the said bearers or bearing sleeve whose ends are formed
with ball races, upon which ball bearings come and roll, and thereby prevent the
cutting or necking of the shaft, which might in consequence be liable to snap off.
Ball bearing brackets or rings formed with corresponding ball races are threaded on
the said throw and are tied together and adjusted by bolts directed from one to
another of the said brackets, whose ball races are presented to corresponding races in
the bearing or sleeve made fast on the crank. The two or three bolts passing between
the said rings have upon one end (which is differently, screwed to the other) lock nuts

page_text: which secure the cones in their laterally adjusted positions or the said cones may be
secured by connecting rods with one end right and the other end left hand threaded
and with the brackets or ball raced rings tapped out to correspond.
By constructing the ball bearings of stirrup pedals as described, the ball races being
at each end of the sectional sleeve or bush enables me to fix a hardened bearing sleeve
on the crank throw after it is bent, it being only necessary to thread the inside
screwed collars or nuts onto the crank before building up same.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in elevation the crank of a
carrier tricycle built up and provided with hubs, clutch mechanism, main bearings
and stirrup pedals constructed according to my invention. The right hand hub and
clutch box formed integral therewith are removed to show the ratchet teeth of the
clutch, whilst the stirrup pedal on the right hand crank throw is also removed and the
halves of its divided bearing sleeve are shown separated.
Figure 2 represents upon an enlarged scale, a longitudinal vertical section of one
end of the crank and its fittings, viz., the hub, spindle, clutch mechanism and main
bearing.
Figure 3 is a cross section of Figure 2 upon the dotted line x', showing the
clutch mechanism in end elevation, with one of the hanging pawls engaging one of
the ratchet teeth on the spindles and the remaining pawls out of gear, which is the
position of the parts during ordinary forward driving.
Figure 4 represents one of the stirrup pedals, with its split bearing sleeve and ball
bearing brackets shown in section.
Figure 5 is a cross section of Figure 4 upon the dotted line ³, showing the
stirrup pedal in end elevation and the split ball bearing brackets at one end from
which the said pedal is suspended, partly in elevation and partly in section.
Figure 6 is a cross section of Figure 4 upon the dotted line ³, taken through
the split bearing sleeve and the ring nut which secures the halves together and
upon the crank throw.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the drawings.
a is the crank, which is made in three parts, viz., a centre part a', which is
bent into two U-shaped throws a³, a³, and two end spindles a, a, secured to the
said middle part by respectively right and left hand screwing their inner ends
at a, a, which ends take into correspondingly wormed sleeves a*, carried by lugs
or sockets a³, secured by welding, brazing, screwing or otherwise to the ends of
the crank.
By thus right hand screwing the inner end of one spindle and left hand screwing
the inner end of the other and screwing them into correspondingly wormed inside
sleeves, the rotation of the cranks tends to screw up tight the component parts
thus united.
The hubs b, which are threaded over and carried by the spindles, each consist of
inner and outer head ends b', 6', provided with spoke attachment flanges 6 and
secured together by a brazed or otherwise connected waist or middle sleeve 6.
Ball bearing cups 6, 6, are fitted within these said beads, the half races of which
cups correspond to half ball races 67, 68, of the cones 6, 610, adjustable upon inner
and outer screwed parts a 10 all, of the spindle, and between which ball races, the
ball bearings a¹, run. The head b¹, inwards of the spoke flange, is fashioned into
a hollow drum or casing 6, upon the outer periphery of which the band of a brake
is applied and within which the clutch mechanism is located.
This said clutch mechanism c, consists of a boss c', screwed upon the wormed
part al, of the spindle and having five (or other number) coarse ratchet teeth c³,
formed upon its periphery, whilst mounted upon pivot pins, made fast upon the
inside of the clutch box, and having square collars c', at their bases fitting against
square lugs c, cast on the said clutch box, are four pawls c, with studs c², on
their backs over which springs c, disposed between the pawls and the inside
periphery of the casing, are located for the purpose of keeping the pawls home
against-the teeth of the clutch..

page_text: The main bearings d, each consist of a ring or annular casing d', carrying a
socket Ing d, brazed to the end of one of the framing members d³, of the machine
or vehicle. d', d are the combined adjustable cones and face plates, fitted in the
open sides of the bearing ring and having their opposed faces formed with part
ball races, d', between which and a circumferential groove or part race d³,
formed around a supplementary bearing sleeve d³, slipped on the spindle, ball
bearings do run.
The said slipped-on sleeve d°, whose purpose is to prevent the spindle being cut
or grooved by the bearing balls impinging and running directly thereon, is secured
in position by clamping the same up to a collar or shoulder a", by the screwing
of the clutch boss c¹, upon the wormed part a¹0, of the said spindle, the clutch
itself being locked by the inner cone of the hub.
do, dare screw cottars, passing through barrel parts d", of the outer bearing ring
and with their flats d¹³, impinging through gaps d, in the said barrels, onto the
screwed parts of the cones, which are thereby prevented from rotating.
e are the stirrup pedals, suspended by rods e¹, from split bearing rings e³,
threaded over the crank throw and having semi-ball races e³, on their opposed faces
presented to part ball races e*, formed on the ends of a sectional bearing sleeve e³,
made up preferably of two longitudinal halves e, e', secured together and upon the
crank throw by a ring nut es, worming over the screwed parts e.
The divided rings e, are braced together and laterally adjusted up to the balls 16,
by connecting rods eto, having their ends ell, e", respectively right and left hand
screwed and passing through correspondingly screwed holes e", in the said rings,
with nuts e, coming upon the extending ends so that adjustment is obtained by
rotating the rods and locked by screwing up the nuts.
e are guards for preventing the trousers or other parts of a riders clothing becoming
entangled in the splits between the sections of the rings or sleeve.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
First. In the cranks of carrier and like cycles, making up the same of three
component parts, viz., a middle part wherein the throws are formed, and spindle
ends, substantiaily as described and set forth.
Secondly. In the cranks of carrier and like cycles made up of three component
parts, securing the spindles to the middle part by respectively right and left hand
screwing their inner ends and worming the same into correspondingly screwed
sleeves or equivalent carried by the said middle part, substantially as and for the
purpose described and set forth."
Thirdly. In the hubs of carrier and other cycles and like vehicles, the general
construction, arrangement and combination of the parts, substantially as described
and set forth.
Fourthly. In the clutch mechanism of carrier cycles and like vehicles, employing
a series of coarse ratchet teeth in conjunction with a series of pawls one of which
only is in engagement with one of the said ratchet teeth at a time, and with the
other parts of the clutch constructed, arranged and combined substantially as and
for the purpose described and set forth.
Fifthly. In the main bearings of carrier cycles and like vehicles, providing the
same with a supplementary sleeve, slipped and secured onto a part of the spindle
and upon which the ball bearings run, substantially as and for the purpose described
and set forth.
Sixthly. In the stirrup pedals of carrier and other cycles, providing the bearing
parts of the crank with supplementary split sleeves whereon the balls run, and the
sections of which are preferably secured upon the said crank by a ring nut,
substantially as and for the purpose described and set forth.
Seventhly. In the stirrup pedals of carrier and other cycles, suspending the same
from split ball-bearing brackets or sleeves, the ball races of which are adjusted up to

page_text: the corresponding races on the supplementary bearing sleeve by means such as right
and left hand screw ended rods with nuts taking thereon or equivalent means,
substantially as described and set forth.
Eighthly. The general construction, arrangement and combination of the parts of
carrier cycles, substantially as and for the purposes described and set forth.
Dated this 24th day of August 1896.
WILLIAM THOMAS PITT,
By Henry Skerrett,
24, Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.