Improvements in Devices for Fortifying India Rubber Hose.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1897
Complete Specification Left. 27th Jan. 1898-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Devices for Fortifying India Rubber Hose.
I, LIONEL ROBERT Littler Squire, of Clarendon House, St. John's Wood Park,
London, N.W., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a method for strengthening rubber hose so as to enable
it to resist great internal pressure both transversely and longitudinally.
With this object in view, but especially in order to take up the longitudinal
strain, rubber hose for high pressures has previously been constructed in conjunc-
tion with wire in various ways, but the result has been unsatisfactory for a variety,
of reasons, principally owing to the wire under strain becoming permanently
elongated and thus ceasing to afford sufficient support to the rubber.
My invention consists in covering the rubber hose with a series of plaited layers
of resisting material of vegetable or animal fibre arranged in such a way that
they progressively diminish in elasticity from the centre to the circumference,
and I then complete the hose by covering it in the ordinary way by what is known
as Sphincter grip wire armour.
These layers being plaited take up both the transverse and the longitudinal
strains, and as under pressure the inside layers, by virtue of the whole wall of the
hose being compressed against the outsides Sphincter armour, become strained
inversely as their distance from the centre, the difference in elasticity in the
various layers allows for the necessary radial expansion in each layer due to trans-
verse strain and distributes the longitudinal strain evenly over all layers.
In order to effect this, I first cover the rubber hose with plaited cotton or some
other material of comparatively high elasticity and on this plait hemp, flax or
silk or some other suitable material which has less elasticity.
The same result may, within limits be attained by using the same material
for all layers, provided the outer layers are plaited tighter progressively outwards
than the inner ones.
Dated th: hth dow of Mo 1807
Improvements in Devices for Fortifying India Rubber Hose.
I, LIONEL ROBERT LITTLER SQUIRE, of the firm of F. Reddaway & Co. Limited,
of Cheltenham Street, Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Woven Hose and
Machine Belting Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawings:-
This invention relates to a method for strengthening rubber hose so as to enable
it to withstand great internal pressure both transversely and longitudinally.
With this object in view but especially in order to take up the longitudinal

page_text: strain, rubber hose for high pressure has previously been constructed in conjunc-
tion with wire in various ways, but the result has been unsatisfactory for a variety
of reasons, principally owing to the wire under strain becoming permanently
elongated and thus ceasing to afford a sufficient support to the rubber.
My invention consists in covering the rubber hose with a series of plaited
layers of resisting material of vegetable or animal fibre arranged in such a way
that they progressively diminish in elasticity from the centre to the circumference,
and I then complete the hose by covering it in the ordinary way with what is
known as Sphincter grip wire armour as disclosed in the Specifications of Patents
Nos. 17796 and 17797 of 1887 worked by my firm Messrs. F. Reddaway & Co. Ltd.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood I have attached
hereto a sheet of explanatory drawings to which I will now refer.
In the said drawings Fig. 1 shows a short length of my improved hose with por-
tions removed to more clearly show the various layers of plaited fibre and Fig. 2
is a cross sectional view of the hose.
The rubber hose a is preferably first covered with a layer or layers 6 of closely
woven cotton cloth of high elasticity. Upon this layer of cotton cloth is plaited a
number of layers of animal or vegetable fibre such as hemp, flax, or the like, shown
in the drawings as numbered from 1 to 6 although less or more than this number of
layers may be employed according to the strength of hose required.
The layers are plaited around the hose by a suitable plaiting machine. Layer
No. 1 is plaited comparatively loosely so as to possess a high degree of elasticity,
and the succeeding layers 2 to 6 are progressively plaited tighter as they near the
outer circumference of the hose.
The plaited layers take up both the transverse and longitudinal strains, and as the
outer wall of the hose is compressed against the Sphincter armour, under pressure
the central plaited layer receives the maximum radial expansion this expansion
diminishing to a minimum as it approaches the outer layer. The difference in
elasticity in the various layers allows for this radial expansion due to transverse
strain, and distributes the longitudinal strain evenly over all the layers.
In some cases the layer or layers b of closely woven cotton cloth may be dispensed
with although I prefer to use the same in order to prevent the rubber hose a from
being blown or forced into the interstices of the surrounding layer, which might
occur with open woven or plaited material.
Instead of employing layers of fibre whose elasticity is varied by plaiting the
same tighter progressively outwards, I might employ layers of different fibres
varying in elasticity. For instance I might cover the rubber hose with plaited
cotton or some other material of comparatively high elasticity and on this plait
hemp, flax, silk or some other material of less elasticity.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The improved rubber hose provided with strengthening or supporting
jackets-or layers of animal or vegetable fibre each layer being plaited tighter pro-
gressively outwards so as to have a relatively. decreasing elasticity substantially as
described and illustrated.
2. As means for strengthening rubber hose providing the hose with a plurality
of layers of animal or vegetable fibre of decreasing elasticity from the centre to the
circumference in the manner and substantially as described and shown.
Dated this 26th day of January 1898.
Dated this 26th day of January 1898.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co., .
Chartered Patent Agents, 5, John Dalton Street, Manchester.