CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ARMAND le Comte de FONTAINE MOREAU, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-
third day of February, in the fifteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Peter Armand
le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my exors, admors, or assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Peter
Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, my exors, admors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey,
Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN GAS BURNERS," communicated to me from abroad; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau, shall cause a particular description of the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an.

page_text: instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine Moreau, do hereby declare that the
nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:―
Until now numerous systems of regulators for gas burners supplied by
meters have been attempted, but have been successively abandoned on account
of their failing in attaining the desired object. The Invention communicated
to me consists,-
Firstly, in constructing gas burners with several compartments placed above
each other.
Secondly, in a modification of the said apparatus, in which the air hole is
suppressed and the external air requisite for the alimentation of the burner is
supplied by means of orifices made in the chimney glass, after passing through
a metallic cloth.
Thirdly, in substituting small tubes in lieu of orifices for the passage of gas
to the place of consumption, by means of which arrangements I am enabled
to regulate the supply of air and gas to each individual burner, and thereby
produce a regular and uniform combustion of gas and supply of light.
Drawing I. Figure 1 is a section through 1, 2, of the burner, shewing
the three compartments a, b, c, and conduct pipes e¹, f, g, of the gas thereto.
Figure 2, a section through 3, 4, shewing the pipe of communication from
a to c. Figure 3, a section shewing the conduct pipe from 6 to a through 5, 6.
Figure 4, a plan of the interior of the burner. Figure 5, a view of the tube e¹
in elevation, which may be either straight or curved. Figure 6, a plan of the
upper part of the burner. Figure 7, a view of an inverted cap which may
be employed on the top of the tube f. The gas reaches the burners through a
pipe d divided into two branches, and adapted to the bottom part of the
burner, as is usually the case. The gas is conducted into the chamber b
through the pipes e¹; when it has arrived in sufficient abundance to fill up the
chamber 6 it descends by a tube f into the lower chamber a, from which it
ascends into the compartment c through the tube g, and from the chamber c it
egresses into the point of combustion through the holes perforated circularly

page_text: on the upper part of the burner. The chamber c forms a kind of reservoir,
into which the gas slowly introduces itself after losing, by the circuit which it
has been compelled to perform, the impulsive force which the difference of
pressure, produced by a variety of causes, might have given to it. By that
means the sudden extinction of a large number of burners, or a sudden
increase of pressure, will not produce any effect on this burner. The dimen
sions of the chambers a, b, and c, and the diameter of the pipes may be varied
at discretion, according to the clevation of light required. I can at option
apply on the tube f an inverted capsule set on a ring soldered to the tube,
see Figure 7. When this capsule is employed it is provided with a lateral
opening which allows the gas contained in the chamber b to introduce itself
into the tube f. The dimensions of the capsule vary according to the intensity
and elevation of the light required.
Drawing II. Figure 1 is a vertical section of a gas burner in which the
current of air is supplied through orifices made in the glass, and is forced
to pass through a metallic cloth, and the gas is made to egress from the
burner to the place of consumption through tubes adapted to the top of the
burner. Figure 2 is a plan of the burner.
Another improvement relates to preventing the vacillation of the light in
gas burners placed in passages and in places exposed to rather strong currents
of air. To obviate these inconveniences, the burner is constructed on the
same system as that herein-before mentioned in reference to the compartments
for interrupting the current of gas arriving in the burner, with this difference,
that the current of air in the apparatus is entirely suppressed, and the gallery
usually placed on the burners for supporting the chimney glass is entirely closed,
instead of being opened. The glass used for the burner bas a lateral opening
cut at about three lines above the base of the point of combustion, and to
prevent the air from striking directly against the flame, the upper part of the
burner is provided with a metallic cloth h at about one third of an inch from
the flame, being supported by hooks or claws j fixed to the gallery. All the
burners of Drawing I. are made with a worm K, K, so as to enable the upper
envelope to be removed to clean all the tubes and change the capsule y if
employed for one of a different size. The chamber c can also be increased or
lessened in size, but for that purpose the burner must be constructed of two
parts attached together at the points 7 and 8 by means of a screw worm
which will serve to vary the dimension of the chamber c. The said burners, as
well as all the component parts, may be constructed of metal, porcelain, or any
other suitable material. The said improvements are applicable to all kinds of

page_text: burners, by merely fixing the tubes of the different burners on a cylinder
provided with the chambers and tubes of the said Invention.
And having now described the nature of the Invention communicated to
me, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein described, provided the principle of the said Invention be retained,
but what I do claim as the Invention is,-
Firstly, the construction of gas burners divided into compartments, and
provided with internal tubes for regulating the supply and combustion of gas,
as herein described and referred to in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, of
Drawing I.
Secondly, the supplying air to gas burners through orifices in the chimney,
the said burners being covered with a metal cloth, and the adaptation of tubes
in lieu of the ordinary orifices for the passage of gas, by which joint arrange-
ments the vacillation of the flame is avoided, as herein described and referred
to in reference to Figures 1 and 2 of Drawing II.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of
August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
L' DE FONT (L.S.) AINEMOREAU.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that
purpose.