MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRIC, WHICH THE INVENTOR TERMS TISSU BUFFLE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick William Campin, of 156, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the invention of THE
MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRIC, WHICH THE INVENTOR TERMS
TISSU BUFFLE." -A communication from Pierre Henry Moullin, of
Paris, in the French Empire.
"
County
Agent, for
HE
MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRIC, WHICH THE INVENTOR TERMS
TISSU BUFFLE."-A communication from l'ierre Henry Moullin, of
Paris, in the French Empire.
Sealed the 26th June 1857, and dated the 26th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick William Campin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th December 1856.
J, FREDERICK WILLIAM CAMPIN, of 156, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE
MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRIC, WHICH THE INVENTOR TERMS TISSU
BUFFLE,' communicated to me by the Inventor, Pierre Henry Moulliu, of
Paris, in the French Empire, a foreigner residing abroad," to be as follows:-
The manufacture is a textile fabric composed of wool, of flax, and of cotton,
or of any other textile materials, which the Inventor terms, as aforesaid, " tissu
buffle." It is made in a frame or loom which is the same as the jacquard
loom, except as to some modifications hereafter mentioned. This frame or
loom is mounted according to Jacquard's system, having (by preferrence) 56
needles and 56 books and 12 lifting blades (lames de leage), or the requisite
cards, but without harness or neck-twines (arcades).

page_text: For the breadth of 3 yards 2 inches British measure (or 2 metres 80 cen-
timetres French measure), the warp is (by preference) made up of 16,200
threads, composed of flax and of cotton (half and half), the woof is composed
of 4 threads of wool and 2 threads of cotton, not twisted but very fine spun.
Each thread of the warp, without distinction of nature, operates at each step,
forming a continual crossing in all the breadth as also in all the length of the
tissue with the woof, so that although different from felts or anything essayed
till now, the tissue does not present in its interior any void space nor any
dissolution of continuity. In the end the piece is taken from the loom, is
fulled, hot pressed, and bathed in a solution of agaric and ochre, and then
cylindered with lime.
The Invention is substantially as above described, but is not confined to the
precise details above stated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick William Campin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 26th June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WILLIAM CAMPIN, of No. 156, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the 26th day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the 20th year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Frederick William Campin, Her special licence that I, the said
Frederick William Campin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Frederick William Campin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and.
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "THE MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN TEXTILE FABRIC, WHICH THE INVENTOR
TERMS TISSU BUFFLE," (a communication from Pierre Henri Moullin, of Paris,
in the French Empire,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederick William Campin, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent...
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick William Campin, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same .is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement:-
The manufacture aforesaid is a texture or tissue of considerable strength
and pliability, suited for many of the purposes for which leather is now cm-
ployed, for instance, in the making of cards for carding and for other purposes.
This tissue or texture is composed of either cotton, of thread of flax, of hemp, of
silk, of phormium tenax, or any other textile substance. The option is obtained
of employing a coarse or fine thread at pleasure. The loom for making this
tissue is the same as the jacquard, saving some alterations; it is mounted
with cording or tying niechanism (machine d'armure) on Jacquard's system;
24 needles, 24 hooks, and 12 lifting pieces of cork (lames de liage), or with
56 needles, 56 hooks, and 12 lifting pieces of cork (lames de liage), without
harness or neck-twines (arcades). For one breadth of 3 yards 2 inches
British measure, or thereabouts, (or 2 metres 80 centimetres French measure),
the warp is by preference- made up of 16,200 threads. Supposing it composed
of flax and of cotton, it is formed of half of one and half of the other, whilst the
woof is composed of 4 threads of wool and 2 threads of cotton not, twisted.
Each thread of the warp, without distinction of nature, works at each step, and
forms a continual crossing with the woof all the length and all the breadth of
the tissue, so that although different from felt or anything heretofore attempted,
this tissue does not present any void spaces. The loom, arranged according to
this Invention, is represented in front elevation (Fig. 1) of the Drawings
annexed, Fig. 2 being a transverse section on the line 1, 2, at Fig. 1. This
loom is composed, like the ordinary looms, of mountings, A, A, upon which
are fixed the longitudinal traverses B and B, which sustain on one side the
warp, and on the other the tissue being made. The threads of the warp are
composed of any of the textile matters aforesaid, and are rolled upon the beam
or roller c. This warp passes over the traverses B and then passes horizontally
within the eyelet of the leases (lisses) D, and of the openings within the comb E,
which is retained within the batten or beater F, which batten or beater Fis
retained by four vertical arms F, which are united at their upper extremities by
a traverse G, which is free to oscillate and follow the movements of the batten
or beater. Upon the traverse G are fixed the levers g, jointed to an upright
lever or driver II, which pushes alternately the shuttle one way or the other.

page_text: Whilst the warp is formed in the tissue, it rests on the traverse B, and then
rolls itself upon the beam or roller I, which is capable of being turned by
means of the ratchet wheel J, by the aid of the two clicks or palls I, J, which
are worked by the hand by means of the cord i', which is bound to the lever K,
and is under the command of the weaver. For unrolling the threads of the
warp, the beam or roller has also a ratchet and pall c, which is made to move
by the aid of the lever c' pivotting in the supporting piece c. For working
the croisure of the threads, the Inventor employs the mechanism (mechanique
d'armure) placed over the traverses L and M (see side view, Fig. 2), pressing
upon the treadle N, oscillating in n; the lever N¹, which is made to rise, being
jointed to the traverse O pivotting in o (Fig. 2). As this treadle is like those
in an ordinary jacquard loom, every time that the horizontal needles rise to
the hooks, encountering the holes of the cards, they permit the vertical hooks
to be carried away by the traverse O by the ascending movement, and con-
sequently, seeing that the hooks are jointed with the leases (lisses), rises them
equally within certain limits, for by the shuttle passing between all the threads
of the warp thus rise making the desired tissue. In the end the piece is taken
from the loom, is fulled, pressed, and bathed in a solution of agaric and ochre
(by preference), and then cylindered with lime.
The manufacture is such as before described, though some details might
possibly be varied, still retaining the general characteristics thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Campin, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
F. W. CAMPIN. (L.S.)