IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAWING ROLLERS
Year: 1857

page_text: Sealed the 12th January 1858, and dated the 19th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th October 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAWING
ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
Efforts have frequently been made to employ india-rubber or gutta percha
as a covering for drawing rollers, but thus far without success, the electricity
developed by these substances rendering them unsuitable for the purpose;
were it not for this quality, no substance would be better adapted to the
purpose than india-rubber on account of its peculiar elasticity and durability.
The present Invention has for its object to divest the elastic gum of this
power of generating and retaining electricity, and consists in incorporating
therewith a portion of pulverized
portion of pulverized plumbago or black lead previous to sub-
mitting the mass to the vulcanizing process, the india-rubber or gum being

page_text: otherwise prepared in a manner at present well known. The india-rubber or
gutta percha being thus prepared is made into a tubular form, and a suitable
length having been drawn on to the roller is secured thereon by cement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting."
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord 1857, in the twenty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton,
Her special license that I, the said William Edward Newton, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF DRAWING ROLLERS," being a communication from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by. the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
A is the roll; B, the tube of india-rubber or gutta percha, which is drawn
on to the roll and secured by cement.
Efforts have frequently been made to employ india-rubber as a covering
for drawing rolls but thus far without success, the electricity developed by

page_text: this substance' rendering 'it unsuitable for the purpose; were it not for this
quality, no substance would be better adapted to the purpose on account of
its peculiar elasticity and durability.
My Invention has for its object to divest the india-rubber of this power of
generating and retaining electricity, and consists in incorporating therewith
a portion of pulverized plumbago or black lead previous 'to vulcanizing, the
india-rubber being otherwise prepared in a manner at present well known.
I will first describe the preparation of the india-rubber, and then the
manufacture of the roll itself. The ingredients employed are,-25 lbs. india-
rubber, 5 lbs. magnesia, 4 lbs. sulphur, 12 lbs. black lead. These ingredients
are united by grinding in the ordinary way, the proportion of the black lead not
being rigid, as one-half less or more than the above quantity has been found
to answer the purpose. Two or three layers of fine cotton cloth are wound
diagonally upon an iron mandril, and cemented together by india-rubber as
in the ordinary process of manufacturing hose, upon this foundation a single
thickness or layer of the above composition of india-rubber, magnesia, sulphur,
and black lead is laid as follows:-After being thoroughly ground and mixed,
the composition is formed into a sheet one-twelfth of an inch in thickness or
thereabouts. The sheet thus formed is cut into strips of a suitable width to
surround the cotton tube upon the mandril, the edges being chamfered so as
to form a perfect joint. Over this composition is tightly wound several thick-
nesses of cotton cloth to hold the tube in shape while it is being vulcanized,
and after this process has been performed, the cotton covering is removed and
a perfect tube remains. This tube is then cut into short sections which are
secured to the drawing roll by any suitable cement.
The roll thus prepared is found to be entirely free from the objections to
which those heretofore made of india-rubber have been liable, it does not
generate and retain electricity, the fibers do not adhere to its surface, and it
possesses that exact degree of elasticity and hardness, necessary to the most
perfect operation of a drawing roll.
Under certain circumstances, the india-rubber covering above mentioned is
liable to be softened by the oil used to lubricate the bearings of the roll, in
which case I have found that a preparation of gutta percha and plumbago,
prepared in a manner similar to that above described for the rubber, is
entirely free from the above objections, and while it possesses the advantages
of the india-rubber roll, is not softened or otherwise injuriously altered by
contact with the oil.
Having now set forth the nature of this Invention, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect I wish it to be understood that under

page_text: the above-recited Letters Patent, I claim the use of black lead in combination
with india-rubber or gutta percha as a material for covering drawing rolls as
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane,
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)