Improvements in Apparatus for Treating Textile Vegetable Substances to Obtain Fibres therefrom.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 16th Apr., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Treating Textile Vegetable
Substances to Obtain Fibres therefrom.
I, DAVID BARNETT of 62 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow in the County of
Lanark, Manufacturer, do hereby declare this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the treatment of ramie bark and other textile vegetable
matters to obtain fibres therefrom and it has for its object by a dry mode of
treatment to clear the fibres from the ligneous substances and from the gummy
or glutinous matter which grow with them and by which they are cemented
together.
The object of the invention is effected by submitting the fibrous substance to a
combined bruising and rubbing action which is attained by the employment at one
end of the improved apparatus of one or more pairs of rotating pressing rollers
between which the strands of the fibre are passed and by which they are introduced
lengthwise between travelling bars or rods also arranged in pairs and having
their adjacent parts furnished with intersecting pins or other rough surfaces.
These bars or rods are carried in frames in which they are capable of both forward
and end wise movements the end wise motions of the bars or rods in each pair being
in opposite directions. These movements are effected by screws which gear with
threads on the rods or bars a portion of the length of each screw being eccentric
so that in its rotation when the eccentric part of the screw is in gear with the bar
or rod an endwise movement is imparted whilst when the concentric part is in gear
a forward motion is given. A screw is provided at each end of the bars or rods
these screws acting alternately.
By this arrangement the strands of the fibre passing between the bars or rods
receive a thorough cleaning and as the carrying forward motion of the rods and of
the fibre is one and the same any danger of lapping is avoided and of breaking the
fibre prevented.
Dated this Sixteenth day of June 1891.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Treating Textile Vegetable
Substances to Obtain Fibres therefrom.
I, DAVID BARNETT of 62 Saint Vincent Street Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the treatment of ramie bark and other textile vegetable
matters to obtain fibres therefrom and it has for its object by a dry or almost dry
mode of treatment to clear the fibres from the ligneous substances and from the
gummy or glutinous matters which grow with them and by which they are cemented:
together.
The object of the invention is effected by submitting the fibrous substances to a
combined bruising rubbing and drawing action in a preparing machine of improved
construction and which is illustrated in side elevation at Figure 1 and in plan at
Figure 2 Sheet 1 and in detail of certain of the parts drawn to a larger scale by
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 Sheet 2 of the accompanying drawings

page_text: As shewn more particularly by Figures 1 and 2 the machine, excepting in the
improvement in the action of and in the addition of further mechanism to certain
parts, is similar in its arrangement and construction" to an ordinary preparing
machine of the "faller" bar type the fibrous substance to be treated being fed by
a travelling web or band a to a pair of fluted or serrated rotating pressure rollers
between which the strands of the fibre are passed, and by which they are fed
lengthwise to travelling faller bars having each, one of their surfaces furnished
with pins or teeth d. In the improved machine four series c c c² c³ of such bars
are used the pins or teeth of the two upper series c c projecting downwards whilst
those of the two lower series c² 3 project upwards the teeth of the two series c¹²
intersecting each other as seen more particularly by Figures 1 and 2 Sheet 2
which figures shew the bars in longitudinal elevation and cross section respectively.
Each bar as illustrated has two rows of pins or teeth d but it may have more or
only one row. The faller bars e are carried. in frames f in which the upper and
lower bars have a motion towards the feeding web or band a whilst the
bars have a motion towards the delivery web or band g and also endwise move-
ments such movement of the bars being in a direction opposite to that of the
bars. These movements are effected by screws h' with the threads of which,
the ends of the bars are geared in the ordinary manner and which are rotated"
from the main driving shaft i through the train of spur wheels ; and bevel wheels /
two of the latter being keyed on a counter shaft and geared with like wheels A¹
on spindles extending from one of the screws at each side of the machine and
from which the motion is communicated to the other three screws on each side
through spur wheels m. The upper and lower screws at each side have as
shewn by Figure 3 Sheet 2 their threads of ordinary or regular formation throughout
their lengths whilst as shewn by Figure 4 Sheet 2 the screws which carry the
two intermediate series of fallers have their threads eccentric throughout portions
of their lengths so that when the bars come into gear with these portions an
end wise movement in addition to the forward movement is communicated to them
and this endwise movement of the bars e' being in a contrary direction to that of
the bars whilst their forward movement is synchroneous a rubbing or teasing
action on the fibres held by the pins or teeth is obtained.
As the bars e² arrive at the termination of their forward movement they are
raised or knocked up to gear with the threads of the upper screws by tappets »
or equivalent means formed on or connected to the screws and the screws
cause them to travel back towards the feeding web or apron a. At the same time
by like tappets on the upper screws the bar e nearest the feeding web a is knocked
down to and geared with the concentric part of the screws the falling movement
being guided by springs o Figure 1 or by like means. Similarly as the bars c²
arrive. at the end of their forward movement they are knocked down to the
position (the motion being also guided by springs o) and geared with the under
screws by which they are taken back to position for being again raised to the
position e². After being submitted to the action of the faller bars d' the fibre.
passes between two rotating fluted or serrated rollers p by which it is conducted to
the delivery web or apron g the latter being passed over rollers q one of which
is driven by a belt or by other gearing.
The apron has its surface studded with wires or pins and it has in conjunction
with it a brush rotated by frictional contact and by the action of which on the
fibre any remaining loose impurities are brushed out.. The fibre is removed from
the apron g by passing a rod between two rows of the pins from one side to the
other and raising it up to enable the operator to take hold of the fibre.
Besides the end wise, motion given to the fallers ce² an endwise motion may also
be givento one of the feeding rollers b and to one of the delivery rollers g or to
the feeding or delivery roller only and this may be effected by cutting a cam
groove in the spindle of the roller and gearing a fixed pin therewith as at s Figure 2
or by a separate cam or tappet.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In apparatus for treating textile vegetable substances to obtain fibres there-
from the combination of faller bars c c c c and screws h h¹ arranged and operating
substantially as described with reference to the drawings annexed.
2. In apparatus of the class referred to the combination of rotating pressure
feed and delivery rollers with the faller bars c c¹ c²³ operating as described and
whereby the fibre is submitted to a conjoined bruising and rubbing action
substantially as set forth with reference to the appended drawings.
Dated this Second day of March 1892.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.