Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 26th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 23rd Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 24th May, 1887.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved covering for the walls, partitions, or ceilings
of buildings, which covering I term a compound finish or lining."
"
As is well known, walls, partitions, ceilings, and the like have heretofore been
frequently composed of a backing of wire netting of suitable strength and a somewhat
open mesh, and of a covering composed of plastic material, such as ordinary lime-
plaster, which is applied and forced through the interstices of the netting and thereby
keyed as it were, and secured to and about the wires of the netting, the said netting
being first secured in place and then the plastic material applied to it and properly
smoothed and evened off.
In the practice of this mode of constructing a wall or the like, it has been found
that a greater proportion of the plastic material enters into and through the meshes of
the wire-netting and to the back side thereof than is really, or for any practical
purpose or utility, necessary to accomplish the keying of the plastic material to the
wire netting, and thus to that extent an unnecessary and useless waste of plastic
material is caused. It is obviously desirable to avoid this waste, provided, of course,
that by so doing the support of the plaster is in no practical degree affected or expense
in other directions entailed which would counterbalance the advantage of economy
then secured in relation to the plastic material.
The primary object of this invention is to avoid waste of the plastic material, as
above stated, and without practically increasing the expense of the compound lining
or finish, or in any way detracting from the advantage thereof as a whole. To this

page_text: end the invention consists in the combination with the wire netting, or with a perforated
plate of metal, of another series of meshes or perforations of reduced area, as compared
with the meshes of the wire-netting or perforations of the perforated plate. This
second series of meshes is produced by the employment of a material (composed of,
for illustration, strands or threads of vegetable or animal fibre) woven or intertwined
with the wires forming the meshes of the wire netting, or with each other to form a
separate netting which is applied and secured or held to either one or both sides of
the wire netting or perforated plate. The object of this arrangement is to make a
backing for the plastic material in two parts, each part performing a distinct
function; one, that is the wires of the wire netting or the metal about the perforations
of the perforated plate, the function of a practical support to the plastic material by
the keying of the same thereto, and the other, the function of a regulator, to limit the
extent to which the plastic material can pass through the meshes of the wire-netting,
or perforations of the metal plate to and about the back of them.
The said second series of meshes in no practical way or manner hinders or prevents
the disposition of a proper amount of the plastic material about the metal-supporting
part of the backing for the plastic material.
Dated this 26th day of July 1886.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Construction of Walls, Ceilings,
or the like.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved covering for the walls, partitions or ceilings
of buildings, which covering I term a compound finish or lining.
As is well known, walls, partitions, ceilings and the like have heretofore been
frequently composed of a backing of wire-netting of suitable strength and a somewhat
open mesh, and of a covering composed of plastic material, such as ordinary lime-
plaster, which is applied and forced through the interstices of the netting and thereby
keyed, as it were,.and secured to and about the wires of the netting, the said netting
being first secured in place and then the plastic material applied to it and properly
smoothed and evened off.
In the practice of this mode of constructing a wall or the like, it has been found
that a greater proportion of the plastic material enters into and through the meshes
of the wire-netting and to the back side thereof than is really, or for any practical
purpose or utility, necessary to accomplish the keying of the plastic material to the
wire-netting, and thus to that extent an unnecessary and useless waste of plastic
material is caused. It is obviously desirable to avoid this waste provided, of course,
that by so doing the support of the plaster is in no practical degree affected or expense
in other directions entailed which would counterbalance or more than counterbalance
the advantage or economy then secured in relation to the plastic material.
.
The primary object of this invention is to avoid waste of the plastic material, as
above stated, and without practically increasing the expense of the compound lining
or finish, or in any way detracting from the advantage thereof as a whole. To this
end, the said invention consists in the combination with the wire-netting or with a
perforated-plate of metal, of another series of meshes or perforations, of reduced area
as compared with the meshes of the wire-netting or perforations of the perforated-
plate. This second series of meshes is produced by the employment of a material,
(composed of for illustration, strands or threads of vegetable or animal fibre), woven
or intertwined with the wires forming the meshes of the wire-netting, or with each
other to form a separate netting which is applied and secured or held to either one or
both sides of the wire-netting, or perforated plate. The object of this arrangement is
to make a backing for the plastic material in two parts; each part performing a
distinct function; one, that is the wires of the wire-netting or the metal about the
perforations of the perforated plate, the function of a practical support to the plastic
material by the keying of the same thereto, and the other, the function of a regulator,
to limit the extent to which the plastic material can pass through the meshes of the
wire-notting, or perforations of the metal plate to and about the back of them.

page_text: The said second series of meshes in no practical way or manner hinders or prevents
the disposition of a proper amount of the plastic material about the metal supporting
part of the backing for the plastic material.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a sectional perspective view of the portion of the studding of the wall,
lined or finished in accordance with this invention, and
Figure 2 is a section of the same on the line x, x.
A is the studding, B is a netting of wire, C is a netting of fibrous strands or
threads, and D is a layer of plastic material, which may be ordinary lime plaster, or.
other suitable material, but which is preferably a plastic material or compound, such
as described in the schedule annexed to the Letters Patent of the United States,
issued to Henry W. Merritt of Boston Massachusetts, dated July 14th, 1885,
No. 322,307.
The wire-netting B is fastened to the studding A by nailing or otherwise in any
suitable manner, and the fibrous-netting C is applied to, and so as to cover, the outer
or exposed side of the wire-netting and made to adhere thereto by means of silicate of
soda paraffino or other suitable adhesive material, or by any other suitable means.
The plastic material D is applied to the outer or exposed side of the fibrous-netting,
and as so applied forced into and through its meshes and thence into and through the
meshes of the wire-netting and at and about the strands of the fibrous-netting and the
wires of the wire-netting and tho whole, so as to secure a practical keying, as it were,
of the plastic material to the wire-netting, the fibrous-netting affording no hindrance
thereto, it being not only flexible and pliable but compressible.
As wire is expensive, for purposes of economy which is quite necessary in the use
of it to make a compound wire-netting and plastic compound lining or finish, the
meshes of its netting are made quite open and large in area, and as is plain, the
plastic compound in its application thereto, if not otherwise obstructed as it is
according to this invention and as will hereafter appear, is allowed most free passage
through them and to the back of the netting, resulting finally in the placing of a
considerable amount of it at the back of the wire-netting where it is of no practical
use except so much thereof as is requisite to key it to and about the wires of the wire-
netting. In this manner most of the plastic compound is wasted, that is, more is used
than is of any practical benefit, or utility; but, if by avoiding such waste of the
plastic material, the meshes of the wire-netting are made smaller in area by using
more wire, resulting in a saving of the plastic material, an expense is added to the
lining or finish in another direction more to the disadvantage thereof for its practical
employment, than the use of a wire-netting having the larger and more open meshes,
accompanied as it is by a practically useless consumption of the plastic material.
The meshes of the fibrous-netting as compared with those of the wire-netting are
small in size and area, and, being such, they cross the meshes of the wire-netting
and thus, as it were, reduce them to a corresponding size and, as is plain, in such a
manner, that while practically adding but slightly to the expense or cost of a
compound lining or finish of wire-netting and a plastic material, the meshes of the
wire-netting are in a sense made impediments or obstructions to the passage of the
plastic material through them to practically prevent the plastic material from being
forced through the meshes of the wire netting and to the back thereof, to an extent
beyond what is necessary or requisite for the desired fastening, by keying, of the
plastic material to the wire of the wire netting. This result or saving of the plastic
material, plainly, with the use of a fibrous-netting, is secured in a most economical
way and one that leaves the plastic material on the wires, for all practical purposes 'as
closely and effectively as if the fibrous netting was not used.
in
Fibrous-netting may be placed against and secured to the inside of the wire-
netting or against and secured to both the inside and outside of the wire-netting or
any other suitable manner but it is preferable to apply it to the outside as has been
described. Again the fibrous-netting in lieu of being in a sheet separate from the
wire-netting as has been described may be in the same sheet therewith, as for instance
the wires and meshes of the wire-netting may be crossed and intertwined with strands

page_text: of animal or vegetable fibre. Again, for the fibrous-netting, a netting of animals'
hair or animal fibres may be substituted, as also a sheet of pulp-fibres perforated
through its thickness; and for the wire-netting a perforated metal plate may be used.
A wire-netting, however, as also a fibrous-netting, are most preferable, and a
combination and arrangement of them such as describet.
The plastic compound described in the specification hereinbefore referred to is the
plastic compound, as before stated, most preferably to be used; but it is not intended
to limit the invention thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is;
First. A lining or finish for walls, ceilings, partitions and the like of buildings,
composed of a backing made in part of metal such as wire netting or of a plate
having perforations, and in part of a material composed of animal or vegetable fibres
having meshes or perforations for obstructing the meshes or perforations of the
metallic netting in combination with a plastic material applied to said backing,
substantially as described, for the purpose specified.
Second. A lining or finish for walls, ceilings, partitions, and the like of buildings,
composed of backing, having a layer of wire netting and in another and separate layer
of fibrous-netting in combination with a plastic material applied to said backing,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
Dated this Zord day of April 1887.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.