IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BRUSHING OR FRICTIONAL SURFACES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Robertson, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PRODUCING BRUSHING OR FRICTIONAL SURFACES."
Sealed the 21st January 1863, and dated the 25th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
July 1862.
I, PETER ROBERTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING BRUSHING OR FRICTIONAL SURFACES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the production of brushing or frictional surfaces
of vulcanised or manufactured rubber in an improved manner, and it consists
in moulding the rubber in sheets of convenient size, the moulds being shaped
'so as to produce on one side of the sheet a series of short projecting points or
pins, which points or pins form the actual brushing or frictional surface. The
sheets formed in this way are fixed upon rollers, or upon flat or more or less
curved backs according to their intended use. The rollers or other articles
formed in this way may be used for brushing, that is, for cleaning or
polishing, or they may be used where an elastic frictional action is required,
as is the case in numerous manufacturing machines.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Robertson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd January 1863. .
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
ROBERTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Peter Robertson, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Robertson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter
Robertson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRODUCING BRUSHING OR FRICTIONAL SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst
others), that I, the said Peter Robertson, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Robertson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to the production of brushing or frictional
surfaces of vulcanised or manufactured rubber in an improved manner, and
it consists in moulding the rubber in sheets of convenient size, the moulds
being shaped so as to produce on one side of the sheet a series of short
pro-
jecting points or pins, which points or pins form the actual brushing or
frictional surface.
And in order that my said Invention, and the manner of performing the
same may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended a Sheet of

page_text: explanatory Drawings to be
mprovements.
Drawings, is a cross section of a roller with
Figure 1, on the said Sheet of Jal surface material applied to it; Figure 2
ny improved brushing or friction roller partly covered with the brushing or
s a side view of a portion of d Figure 3 is a face view of a detached piece,
rictional surface material; ant.
In the mou,
according to
are drilled o
of the said material as lahaping the brushing or frictional surface material,
ie modification shown in the Drawing, the plate or surface for
one side of the material is flat, but in the other mould plate or surface there
otherwise formed a series of small holes or recesses, which in
this example are partly cylindrical and terminate in a somewhat conical point.
Then when the rubber is, compressed in the mould and otherwise treated, as
is well understood, in the manufacture of rubber articles it is formed into a
sheet, -, for example, as that of which Figure 3 represents a portion,
...ch is flat on one side, whilst the other side has projecting from it a series
of projections or pins corresponding to the holes or recesses formed in the
mould plate. The sheets formed in this way are fixed upon rollers, as shown
in Figures 1 and 2, so as to present the rough or pinned side outwards, being
secured to the roller surface by tacks, staples, or other convenient means.
The rubber sheets shaped as described may also be fixed upon flat backs, or
on backs of various forms or carvatures according to their intended use; and
the rollers or other articles formed in this way may be used for brushing, that
is, for cleaning or polishing or for applying fluid or semi-fluid matter by a
brushing action, or they may be used where an elastic frictional action is
required for drawing, breadthening, or smoothing woven fabrics, for example,
as is the case in numerous manufacturing machines. An important appli-
cation of rollers with the improved surface is to calico-printing machines, in
which they may be used for supplying the colour to the copper printing-roller.
In this application the action of the improved surface is first to clear out
colour remaining in the engraved lines; secondly, to supply colour taken up
from the colour trough and carried between the projections; and, finally, to
clean and polish the unengraved surface. It will be obvious that various
forms and sizes may be given to the projections or pins, and their arrange-
ment on the surface of the rubber may also be varied, so as to obtain a more
or less equable action over the surface acted upon as may be required.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict

page_text: mysen
uctans Herein
consider to be novel and original, and claior delineated; but that what I
by the herein-before in part recited Letm as the Invention secured to me
forming of brushing or frictional surfaces ers Patent is, the producing or
other backs sheets of vulcanised or manufacby applying to rollers or to flat or
with projections or pins, substantially as heretired rubber formed or moulded
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Roberefore described.
"
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of JP, have here to set my
n the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
PETER ROBERTSO
N. (L.S.)
Witness.
EDMUND HUNT, Patent Agent,
28, St. Enoch Square, Glasgow. (:
i