Improvements in Fire Places and Stoves, and in Air Warming Arrangements for Use in connection therewith.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 14th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fire Places and Stoves, and in Air Warming
Arrangements for Use in connection therewith.
I ERNEST HOOPER SHORLAND of Drake Street, Stretford Road, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Stove Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said invention relates to fire places and stoves and to air warming and
circulating arrangements for use in connection therewith.
A stove or fire place grate according to my improvements is made convex, or
hog-backed at its upper surface and sloping downwards from the back towards the
front.
This arrangement creates a considerable increase in grate surface and effects
better combustion and more economical consumption of fuel. Above the fire
I provide an arched or cross chamber or chambers of a width corresponding to the
depth of the grate. The external lower side or all sides of this chamber, is or are
formed with gills or projections, so that the smoke and heated products of com-
bustion impinging thereon are broken up and as much heat as possible extracted
therefrom before escaping by the chimney. I also arrange air heating chambers
on each side of the fire place, and at the back, the said chambers preferably
tapering from a tolerably wide base to a narrower upper part where they join the
aforesaid arched or cross air chamber above the fire. These air chambers are
lined with fireclay and the back chamber when such is used, is preferably inclined
forward.
To facilitate the passage of the air through these air chambers and to heat the
air I arrange therein a series of converging diaphragms, plates or gills which are
widest apart towards the foot of the tapering air chamber and converge to the
point where the air is delivered to the arched or cross chamber or chambers.
These converging guiding plates or gills perform the double function of
imparting beat to the air as it passes up through the chamber, and by guiding and
consolidating the air currents, the air is passed through at accelerated speed and in
greater volume than could be obtained by the use of baffle plates. In order to
give unimpeded feed of air I connect the air chambers at the foot to an air
reservoir lying below the level of the grate or stove base. The air supply may be
regulated by dampers or other suitable means. Auxiliary air pipes, branches or
chambers for further increasing the air heating capacity of the grate or stove may
be provided and the conduits for conducting away the smoke and heated products
of combustion may be arranged in such a manner as to further the same object.
The heated air is discharged at any suitable point or points into the room or space
to be warmed, the heated air currents being preferably delivered through special
delivery grids or openings furnished with deflecting plates by which hot air can be
directed into the room or hall at any required angle. The smoke and heated
products may either be led upward in the ordinary manner, or the same might be
drawn through the back of the grate or downward through the bars, in which
latter case combustion of the smoke and heated products is effected. To assist in
promoting the combustion of the smoke and hot gases from the grate, I might
form air ports or passages in the back of the grate through which air is led from
beneath the bars. The air so heated in these ports or passages is discharged

page_text: upon the fire at the top of the grate and causes the smoke and heated products to
ignite. I thus effect considerable economy in fuel and prevent the emission of
smoke.
In constructing a stove in accordance with my invention I might place two stove
grates back to back and interpose an air space between. This air space might if
desired be furnished with heating gills or fins or cross tubes or chambers and the
air admitted thereto may be discharged after being warmed, through gratings at
the side, top or other part of the stove. In this arrangement the fire is apparent
from both ends of the stove. 1 might also if desired extend this arrangement and
in the case of a large stove, place four grates that is to say a grate at each side
and end of the stove and converging towards a central air heating well or
chamber.
Such arrangements of stoves would be specially suitable as central stoves for
hospitals and public institutions.
In central stoves of the indicated description or in other cases where the smoke
and beated products of combustion are led away through a flue beneath the level
of the floor, I form the said flue of fire-clay or other suitable material and make it
of an elliptical or oval or other suitable shape in cross section, which will render
the said Hue strong and easily cleaned and of no great depth. I also furnish this
flue with manhole doors specially designed to prevent the upper foot plate from
becoming too warm, and to prevent all escape of smoke and gases. This I effect
by forming a manhole in the top of the flue of sufficient size, and applying thereto
a door having a projecting handle. Over this door I place another door so
arranged as to press upon the handle of the door beneath and keep it down, while
at the same time permitting a body of air to exist between the two doors.
Over the second door 1 place the foot plate which also rests upon the handle of
the second door and confines the second door in a manner similar to the first, while
also permitting the presence of a body of air between the foot plate and the second
door. This arrangement keeps the foot plate perfectly cool and allows of easy
access to the flue.
Where the mouth of the atmospheric supply to the air reservoir of the aforesaid
grate or stove is in an exposed situation I prefer to cover the mouth by a shield or
plate held by pegs or studs in front of the air supply mouth so as to shield it from
wind or violent air currents or draughts while permitting ready ingress of air past
the edges of the shield.
The mouth itself is furnished with automatic nieans for admitting cold air freely
while preventing the return or escape of heated air.
Dated the 13th day of November 1894.
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
5 John Dalton Street, Manchester, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fire Places and Stoves, and in Air Warming
Arrangements for Use in connection therewith.
I ERNEST HOOPER SHORLAND of Drake Street, Stretford Road, Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Stove Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings
My said invention relates to fire places and stoves and to air warming and
circulating arrangements for use in connection therewith.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the annexed sheet of
drawings.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an improved stove fitted with the additions
constituting my present invention.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section of the same at right angles to Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the side air heating chambers.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of my improved back to back stove.
Fig. 5 is a section of my improved oval flue with manhole doors and foot plates.
Fig. 6 shows the improved shield for protecting the mouths of air inlets.
Referring in the first place to Figs. 1 and 2 I make the grate a convex or hog-
backed at its upper surface and also cause it to slope downwards from the back
towards the front. By thus forming the grate surface I create a considerably
larger grate area within the old limits and thus obtain better combustion and more
economical consumption of fuel.
Above the fire I provide an arched or cross chamber or chambers of a width
corresponding to the depth of the grate a. The lower side or all sides of this
chamber 6 is or are formed with gills or projections c so that the smoke and heated
products of combustion impinging thereon are broken up and as much heat as
possible extracted therefrom before escaping to the chimney by the pipe d.
I also
arrange air heating chambers ef on each side of the fire place and at the back,
the said chambers preferably tapering from a tolerably wide base to a narrower
upper part. The chamber f at the back of the grate appears in Fig. 2. It will
be seen that this chamber is considerably wider at the foot than it is at the top.
The chambers may be lined with fireclay. The front of the back chamber fis
inclined forward as shown in Fig. 2 and this tends to throw forward the heat of the
fire. The narrowed top of the chamber joins the arched or cross chamber b².
Within the chamber f I arrange a number of plates or gills g converging in the
ratio of the chamber sides to the top of the chamber where the air is delivered
to the cross chamber 62. Fig. 3 renders the formation of the side air chambers e e¹
more fully understood. The front air chamber e¹ might be fitted with horizontal
baffle plates or gills g (see also Fig. 1) as is already shown in the Specification of
a Patent granted to George Livermore Shorland No. 906 of 1881 or both
chambers might be fitted with converging plates or gills has shown in the chamber e.
These converging plates or gills h converge towards the top of the chamber e
which tapers from a wide bottom to a narrower top as already described with
reference to the back chamber f. The tops of the chambers e e¹ communicate
with the cross chambers b. The aforesaid converging plates or gills perform
the function of imparting heat to the air as it passes up through the chamber and
also by guiding and consolidating the air currents, the air is passed through at an
accelerated speed and in greater volume than is the case when baffle plates such
as g for example are used.
In order to give unimpeded feed of air 1 connect the air chambers at the foot
to an air reservoir k lying below the level of the grate or stove base. The air
supply may be regulated by dampers or other suitable means. Auxiliary air pipes
branches or chambers for further increasing the air heating capacity of the grate
or stove may be provided and the conduits for conducting away the smoke and
heated products of combustion may be arranged in such a manner as to further
the same object. The heated air is discharged at any suitable point or points as
for example through the grating i into the room or space to be warmed, the heate.l
air currents being preferably delivered through special delivery grids or openings
furnished with deflecting plates or louvres by which hot air can be directed into
the room or hall at any required angle. The smoke and heated products of
combustion may either be led upward as shown in the ordinary manner, or the
same might be drawn through the back of the grate or downward through the
bars in which latter case combustion of the smoke and heated products is effected.
To assist in promoting the combustion of the smoke and hot gases from the grate
I might form air ports or passages in the back of the grate through which air is
led from beneath the bars. The air so heated in these ports or passages is
discharged upon the fire at the top of the grate and causes the smoke and heated

page_text: products to ignite. I thus effect considerable economy in fuel and prevent the
emission of smoke.
In constructing a stove in accordance with my invention I might as illustrated in
Fig. 4 place two stove grates a a back to back and interpose an air space b between.
The upper part of this air space or the wall thereof might if desired be furnished
with beating gills or fins c or cross tubes or chambers and the air admitted thereto
may be discharged after being warmed, through gratings at the side, top or other
part of the stove.
In this arrangement the fire is apparent from both ends of the stove.
I might
also if desired extend this arrangement as indicated by the plan diagram Fig. 4A
and in the case of a large stove, place four grates that is to say a grate a at each
side and end of the stove and converging towards a central air heating well or
chamber.
Such arrangements of stoves would be specially suitable as central stoves for
hospitals and public institutions. In the central stoves of the indicated description
or in other cases where the smoke and heated products of combustion are led away
through a flue / beneath the level of the floor I form the said flue of fire-clay or
other suitable material and make of an elliptical or oval or other suitable shape
in cross section as shown in Fig. 5 which will render the said flue strong and easily
cleaned. I also furnish this flue with manhole doors especially designed to prevent
the upper foot plate m from becoming too warm, and to prevent all escape of smoke
and gases. This I effect by forming a manhole opening n in the top of the flue of
sufficient size and applying therein a door o having a projecting handle o¹. Over
this door I place another door p so arranged as to press upon the handle o' of the door
beneath and keep it down while at the same time permitting a body of air to exist
between the two doors. Over the second door p I place the foot plate m which
also rests upon the handle p' of the second door p and confines the second door in
a manner similar to the first, while also permitting the presence of a body of air
between the foot plate and the second door. This arrangement keeps the foot
plate m perfectly cool and allows of easy access to the flue l.
Where the mouth of the atmospheric supply to the air reservoir of the aforesaid
grate or stove is in an exposed situation I prefer to cover the mouth as shown in
Fig. 6 by a shield or plater held by pegs or studs s in front of the air supply
mouth so as to shield it from wind or violent air currents or draughts while
permitting ready ingress of air past the edges of the shield.
The mouth t itself is furnished in the ordinary manner with automatic means for
admitting cold air freely while preventing the return or escape of heated air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. Forming the grate surface of stoves and fire places of the indicated nature
of a convex or hog-backed shape across and curved or inclined from the back
towards the front for the purposes and substantially as herein before described and
illustrated.
2. Forming the air chambers at the sides and back of stoves and fire places of
the indicated nature of a tapering form, wider at the foot or air inlet end and
narrower at the top or air outlet end and fitting such tapering air chambers with
similarly converging plates or gills for heating, directing and consolidating the air
currents substantially as described and as illustrated.
3. Furnishing the arched or cross air chambers above the grates of stoves and
fire places of the indicated nature with heat conducting gills, fins or plates arranged
and operating for the purposes and substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated.
4. In a fire place of the indicated nature and having a back air chamber as
described inclining the back of the grate forward for the purposes and substantially
as described and shown.

page_text: 5. The general arrangement construction and combination of parts comprising
the improved stove or fire place substantially as herein before described and as
illustrated.
6. In a stove of the type indicated in Fig. 4 arranging the grates back to back
with an air space between or it might be with a grate at each side of the stove as
in Fig. 4 substantially as described and illustrated.
7. In a stove of the nature referred to in Claim 6 furnishing the air chambers
or air passages with heat transferring gills or plates substantially as described and
as illustrated.
8. The improved flue for removing the smoke and heated products of combustion
from fire places and stoves, the said flue being formed oval in cross section and
furnished with foot plate and successive manhole doors so arranged as to keep the
foot plate cool, substantially as described and illustrated in Fig. 5.
9. The wind shield supported a certain distance from the air inlet so as to
baffle and prevent the direct entrance of strong air currents, substantially as
described and as shown in Fig. 6.
Dated thin 19th d... as Ammunt 100%
E. K. DUTTON & Co..
Chartered Patent Agents, 5 John Dalton Street, Manchester,
For the Applicant.