IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED WATERS AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eliot Howard and Thomas Fardon, both of Whitecross.
Street, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED WATERS AND IN MACHINERY
THEREFOR
"
Scaled the 24th September 1878, and dated the 11th April 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eliot Howard and Thomas
Fardon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1878.
ELIOT HOWARD and THOMAS FARDON, both of Whitecross Street, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED
WATERS, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.”
The object of this Invention is to manufacture aerated waters by a continuous
process in such a manner that the air naturally contained in the water used in the
said manufacture shall be withdrawn by suction during the said process, and the
water thus deprived of its air be forced into one or more condensers simultaneously
with the carbonic acid or other gas.
For the purposes of this Invention the apparatus or machinery may be constructed
as follows:We employ, say, one reservoir wherein the water is deprived of its air,
and, say, one receiver or condenser whereinto the water thus prepared, together
with the carbonic acid or other gas, are simultaneously pumped or otherwise forced
under any usual or required pressure, and by any convenient fluid-exhausting and
forcing appliances.
According to one arrangement the two aforesaid vessels are placed one at each
side or end of the framing of the machine, and there are three pumps placed below
a three-throw crank shaft working in bearings on the framing.
One pump serves to withdraw the air from the upper part of the water reservoir,
and thereby, in addition to exhausting the air from the water in the reservoir, to
draw water into the same from any convenient source, a float valve or similar
arrangement being provided to prevent the water rising above a certain level.

page_text: Another pump, which may conveniently be a double-acting so-called piston and
plunger pump, serves to draw the air-deprived water from the reservoir and force
the same into the condenser.
And, the third pump serves to force carbonic acid or other gas into the condenser.
Or two pumps may be adapted for accomplishing the same purposes; say one
pump for exhausting the air from the water reservoir, and for forcing the water into
the condenser (the two ends of the pump being suitably arranged and connected),
and the other pump for forcing the gas into the condenser; or one of the pumps
may be adapted for exhausting the air and the other for forcing the water and the
gas; but we prefer the above first-described arrangements.
Where the water reservoir can be placed sufficiently high above the apparatus,
say at least 34 feet above, this may be done; and we may then use an ordinary
Bramah continuous-process soda-water machine, or any similar apparatus, with the
addition of an air-exhausting pump, for the purposes of this Invention.
The water reservoir may be fitted with a partition or partitions or equivalent
device, so as to cause the water to pass a greater distance from the inlet to the
outlet, and thus give it more time to be deprived of its air.
When drawing off the aerated water made according to this Invention for the
purpose of charging ordinary bottles or syphon bottles therewith, we prefer to
exhaust the air from the said bottles before filling them by placing them in
connection with the upper or vacuum part of the aforesaid water reservoir through
the syphon-filling or bottling apparatus; or a special vacuum vessel inay be used for
the purpose, which vessel may be intermittently or continuously exhausted. Other
aerated waters may be bottled in a similar manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Eliot Howard and Thomas Fardon in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th October 1878.
"
ELIOT HOWARD and THOMAS FARDON, both of Whitecross Street, in the City of
London. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED
WATERS, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.”
The main object of this Invention is to manufacture aërated waters by n con-
tinuous process in such a manner that the air naturally contained in the water used
in the manufacture shall be withdrawn by suction during the process, and the water
thus deprived of its air be forced into one or more condensers simultaneously with
the carbonic acid or other gas.
For the purpose of this Invention the apparatus or machinery may be constructed
as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, but it must be clearly understood that
they are only examples, and that we may use any combination of known apparatus,
whereby the process which we shall now particularly describe with reference to the
Drawings can be carried out.
We employ, say, one reservoir wherein the water is
deprived of its air (by any suitable means), and, say, one receiver or condenser
whereinto the water thus prepared, together with the carbonic acid or other gas, are
pumped cr forced, or otherwise conveyed under any usual or required pressure, and
by any convenient appliance.
According to one arrangement, shown in side view in Figure 1 and in end view
in Figure 2, the water reservoir W is placed at one end of the framing F of the
machine and the condenser or receiver R at the other end, and there are three
pumps placed below a three-throw crank shaft S, working in bearings f on the
framing F.
One pump A serves to withdraw the air from the water and the space over same
in the upper part of the water receiver W, and thereby in addition to exhausting
the air from the water in the reservoir W to draw water into the same from any
convenient source, a float valve or similar or equivalent contrivance being provided
to prevent the water from rising above a certain level.
B is another pump, which may conveniently be a double-acting so-called piston
and plunger pump, as here shown, the plunger B¹ being half the area of the piston
working in the barrel of the pump B. This double-acting pump serves to draw the
air-deprived water from the water reservoir W, and force it into the condenser R.
The third pump C serves to force carbonic acid or other gas into the condenser R.
The object of using this form of pump is that any leakage that may take place in
bucket or plunger packing cannot possibly re-admit air to the water.
The action is the following:-The pump A draws air by the pipe a from the
upper part of the water reservoir W, and forces it out into the atmosphere at a'; at
the same time by the partial vacuum produced it continuously draws water into the
reservoir W by the pipe w. Simultaneously with this action the pump B draws
air-deprived water from the reservoir W by the pipe b, and forces it by the pipe r
into the condenser R. Simultaneously with the two aforesaid actions the pump 0
draws gas from the gasometer by the pipe c¹, and forces it by the pipe c into the
condenser R; this latter thus by a continuous and simultaneous action receives air-
deprived water and gas, which are intermingled under any required pressure.
The water reservoir W may be fitted with a partition d or equivalent device, so
as to cause the water to pass a greater distance from the inlet w to the outlet b, and
thus give it more time to be deprived of its air.
Instead of the arrangement of pumps shewn in Figure 2 two pumps may bo
adapted for accomplishing the same purposes; for instance, one pump for exhausting
the air from the water reservoir W and for forcing the water into the condenser R
(the two ends of the pump being suitably arranged and connected), and the other
pump for forcing the gas into the condenser); or one of the pumps may be adapted

page_text: for exhausting the air from the reservoir W, and the other for forcing the water and
the gas, but we prefer the arrangements above first described.
Figure 3 shows another arrangement of apparatus. Where the water reservoir W
can be placed sufficiently high above the other part of the apparatus, say at least
34 feet above, this may be done as here shewn, and we may then use a so-called
ordinary Bramah continuous-process soda-water machine, as shown at B at the
lower part of this Figure, or any similar apparatus with the addition of an air-
exhausting pump A set in a frame, as shewn for the purposes of this Invention.
Figure 4 shows a somewhat similar arrangement as the one just described, only
that the air-exhausting pump A in this case is placed within the same frame as the
other pump B, which serves to force air-deprived water and gas simultaneously into
the condenser R.
Both as regards Figure 3 and Figure 4 the action is as follows:-The pump A
withdraws the air from the upper part of the water reservoir W by the pipe a, and
forces it out into the atmosphere, the partial vacuum created in the reservoir Wat
the same time continuously draws in a fresh supply of water by the pipe w from
some suitably placed water supply or cistern. The pump B at the same time draws
air-deprived water from the reservoir W by the pipe b, and gas from the gasometer
by the pipe c', and forces gas and water into the condenser R by the pipe c.
Figure 5 shows another adaptation of an ordinary soda-water machine to the
purposes of this Invention. The condenser R is placed on separate framing, the
water resorvoir W is placed in the same framing as the air-exhausting pump A, and
the water pump B draws water from the reservoir W and forces it into the.
condenser R. The pumps C, C, force gas into the condenser R.
When drawing off the aërated water made according to this Invention for the
purpose of charging ordinary bottles or syphon bottles therewith, we prefer to
exhaust the air from the said bottles before filling them, and this we do by placing
the bottles in connection with the vacuum in the water reservoir W through the
syphon-filling or bottling cock or apparatus; or a special vacuum vessel may be
used for the purpose, which vessel may be intermittently or continuously exhausted.
We can also apply our new system of bottling to aërated waters made according to
heretofore known modes of manufacture.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,-
Firstly. The manufacture of aërated waters by a continuous process or simul-
taneous continuous processes and apparatus in which the water to be used in the
manufacture is deprived of its air, and the air-deprived water, together with the
gas, are simultaneously forced into a condenser, as set forth.
Secondly. The modes and apparatus herein-before described for carrying this
Invention into effect.
Thirdly. Drawing off aërated waters by first connecting the bottle with the
vacuuin space in the water reservoir W through some passage in the bottling cock
or apparatus in order to withdraw the air from the bottle, and then connecting the
bottle with the aperture leading to the condenser R for filling it, substantially as
herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Eliot Howard and Thomas Fardon, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of October, in the year
Towl One thousand sight hundund and
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