Improvements in Lifting, Crane, and Hoisting Apparatus Operated by Electrical Energy.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left; 16th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lifting, Crane, and Hoisting Apparatus Operated
by Electrical Energy.
I GEORGE LLEWELLYN DAVIES, of 32 Stanley Gardens, South Hampstead,
in the County of London, Electrical and Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for use in raising and
lowering, or hauling, by the aid of electrical energy and is designed to simplify,
cheapen and render more efficient and safe in use such apparatus.
The invention is applicable for either lift apparatus in buildings, cranes, hoists
and other like uses, by means of changes in details or subsidiary parts to suit the
particular use.
For simplicity in description I will suppose the particular use to be that of a lift
in a building. The car, or travelling part, is connected and suspended by means of
usual ropes, or supports over pullies, or wheels.
The axle. of one of these pullies or sets of pullies, or winding drum, is rotated
by means of a gear wheel mounted thereon being taken into or driven by another
gear wheel, or worm or equivalent means, on an axis mounted in suitable bearings
and carrying at its other end a bevel wheel, or cone, engaging two other bevel
wheels or cones mounted on a cross shaft so that these two bevel wheels; or cones,
are when the apparatus is at rest in contact, one at each side, with the first-
mentioned cone. Spring pressure is provided for, to keep these cones in contact.
A friction clutch or equivalent device connects this cross shaft with the driving
shaft of the motor driven by means of electrical energy.
The two bevel wheels, or cones, mounted on the cross shaft are capable of
regulated sliding motion thereon, controlled by means of hinged, or like arms, or
levers, which levers are actuated by means of a cam, eccentric, or pattern surface.
which cam serves to overcome the spring pressure keeping the lifting, or lowering
cone.to its work and disengage the selected cone from contact with the cone to be
actuated.
The cone left in contact can then be caused to drive the driven cone working the
lift. The cam has a projection at its widest part which coming in contact with one
or other lever arm or a part attached thereto serves as a stop or dead point, in that
direction.
At either side of this projection is an indentation or holding means for the cam
in the stopped position. The cam is rotated by a rope or other suitable actuating.
means conveniently accessible.
Attached to or formed on this cam is another cam or eccentric surface which
serves to actuate an arm suitably centred or fulcrumed and having at its opposite
end, or other suitable part a projection which engages and operates a friction
clutch introduced in the driving shaft or a suitable contact maker and breaker, or
equivalent device. The projection on the main cam when held in a position
centrally of the two extreme positions for lifting, or lowering, forms a third stable
point at which the two cones-lifting and lowering-are both in contact with the
driven cone and opposed to and counteracting each other, effectually locking it,
and the lever operated by the subsidiary cam is in a position to disconnect the
motive power by clutch or like device.

page_text: The central stable point of the main cam is obtained firstly by gravity owing to
preponderance given to the lower part of the cam, next by the springs pressing
the lift and lower cones to the driven cone and the arms to the sides of the cam
and lastly by a part on the clutch or equivalent arm being strongly pressed into a
suitable recess in the surface of the subsidiary cam.
The cones that drive the driven cone directly may be replaced by toothed gears
in which case the cones will be utilized to operate such gears, or a double
arrangement of cones may be employed.
By means of this arrangement the motor is enabled to be run continuously in one
and the same direction which ever operation lifting, lowering or resting is being
performed by the "lift."
וי
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
-f
Improvements in Lifting, Crane, and Hoisting Apparatus Operated
by Electrical Energy.
I GEORGE LLEWELLYN DAVIES, of 32 Stanley Gardens, South Hampstead,
in the County of London, Electrical and Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for use in raising and
lowering or hauling by the aid of electrical energy, and is designed to simplify,
cheapen and render more efficient, and safe in use such apparatus.
The invention is applicable for either lift apparatus in buildings, cranes, hoists
and other like uses by means of changes in details or subsidiary parts to suit the
particular use.
For simplicity in description I will suppose the particular use to be that of a
lift in a building. The car or travelling part, is connected and suspended by means
of usual ropes, or supports over pulleys or wheels.
The axle of one of these pulleys or sets of pulleys or winding drums is rotated
by means of a gear wheel mounted thereon being taken into or driven by another
gear wheel, or worm or equivalent means on an axis mounted in suitable bearings
and carrying at its other end a bevel wheel, or cone, engaging two other bevel
wheels or cones, mounted on a cross shaft, so that these two bevel wheels or cones,
are when the apparatus is at rest in contact one at each side with the first
inentioned cone.
Spring pressure is provided to keep these cones in contact. A friction clutch or
equivalent device connects this cross shaft with the driving shaft of the motor,
driven by means of electrical energy.
The two bevel wheels, or cones mounted on the cross shaft are capable of
regulated sliding motion thereon, controlled by means of hinged, or like arms, or
levers which levers are actuated by means of a cam, eccentric, or pattern surface,
which cam serves to overcome the spring pressure keeping the lifting or lowering
cone to its work, and disengage the selected cone from contact with the cone to be
actuated. The cone left in contact can then be caused to drive the driven cone
working the lift.
The cam has a projection at its widest part which coming in contact with one or
other lever arm or a part attached thereto serves as a stop or dead point, in that
direction, and at either side of this projection is an indentation or holding means
for the cam in the stopped position. The cam is rotated by a rope or other
suitable means conveniently accessible. Attached to or formed on this cam is

page_text: another cam or eccentric surface which serves to actuate an arın suitably centred,
or fulcrumed and having at its opposite end, or other suitable part a projection
which engages and operates a friction clutch introduced in the driving shaft or a
suitable contact maker and breaker, or equivalent device. The projection on the
main cam when held in a position centrally of the two extreme positions for lifting,
or lowering, forms a third stable point at which the two cones-lifting and
lowering are both in contact with, the driven cone, and opposed to and counter-
acting each other, effectually locking it and the lever operated by the subsidiary
cam is in a position to disconnect the motive power by clutch or like device.
The central stable point of the main cam is obtained firstly by gravity owing to
preponderance given to the lower part of the cam, next by the springs pressing the
lift and lower cones to the driven cone and the arms to the sides of the cam, and
lastly by a part on the clutch or equivalent arm being strongly pressed into a
suitable recess in the surface' of the subsidiary cam.
The cones that drive the driven cone directly may be replaced by toothed gears
in which case the cones will be utilized to operate such gears, or
arrangement of cones may be employed.
a double
By means of this arrangement the motor is enabled to be run continuously in
one and the same direction which ever operation lifting, lowering, or resting is being
performed by the lift.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect. I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more
fully to describe a practical illustration of the same.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan partly in section of the raising lowering and hauling
apparatus.
Figure 2 is a modification of Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 are enlarged views in elevation and plan respectively of one form
of the actuating cam or eccentric L in Figures 1 and 2.
In Figure A is the shaft in connection with motor through suitable gear and
is for the sake of simplicity hereinafter called the motor shaft. B shews one form
of friction clutch connecting or releasing motor shaft. A, with, or from driving
shaft A. On the driving shaft A¹ are two bevelled wheels or toothed gears
and C running free on the driving shaft A'. In the backs of these toothed gears
are cone shaped recesses and round the outer face of these female cones or recesses
are teeth Sliding on a feather on the driving shaft are two male cones D and D'
which are attached to plates E and E' by springs F and F. The plates E and E
have teeth corresponding to and similar to the teeth on the back surface of
the female cone.
The plates E and E¹ are attached to grooved collars G, G in which work the
pins GG attached to the arms H and H pressing against the collars G, G, are
springs I, I.
Engaging the two driving cones or toothed gears C and C¹ is the driven cone or
toothed gear J which is keyed on to the driven shaft K to this shaft may be
attached any suitable rope driving gear or drum. I now come to the actuating and
controlling cam or eccentric L (see also Figure 3).
In Figure 1 the cam is shewn in its extreme left hand position, in Figure 3 in its
central position, a position it assumes when free, by gravity, its lower part L'
(Figure 3) being heavier than its upper part L and the axis on which it works
being nearer to its upper part L than to its lower part L'.
Returning to Figure 11 find on each side of the cam or pattern surface L two
rollers M, M these rollers are suitably attached to rods N, N-these rods pass
through bearings O, O and have their other ends attached to the arms H and H'.
The rollers M and M' are held on to the surface of the cam or eccentric by rods P, P,
and the spring P¹. Another lever S suitably fulcrumed at X and actuated by au

page_text: eccentric slot in the face of the cam L, compresses and releases the friction
clutch B.
When the cam L L' is in the position shewn in Figure 3 the two cones or
toothed gears C, and C are locked on to the driving shaft A' and the driven cone
or toothed gear J, is absolutely locked as the two cones or toothed gears C and C¹,
being locked on to the same shaft oppose each other, at the same time the lever S is
at its top position, as in Figure 3, and the friction clutch B is running free.
Returning again to Figure 11 find the cam in the extreme left hand position,
roller M¹ being engaged in recess U₁ (see Figure 3). The cam is prevented from
revolving further by the projection T (Figure 3). In Figure 1, this male cone D
is pressed into the female cone or recess C by the armn H actuated by the
spring I acting through the spring F, and the teeth on the inner face of E are
engaged with the teeth c², toothed gear C is therefore locked on to the driving
shaft A' and the friction clutch B is pressed right home by lever S, which is
actuated by the eccentric slot R. At the same time the cam L L' has thrown the
teeth on the plate E' out of gear with the teeth c³, and the male cone D' out of
contact with the female cone or recess C¹. C is therefore free on the driving
shaft A' and the motor is able to drive the driven shaft K through clutch B, and
the cones or toothed gears C and J which, say in this instance, causes the load to
rise. On rope V being pulled in the proper direction or in the case of a lift
steadied or checked as it runs through the car the roller M' is released from the
recess U¹ and the cam returns to the central position by gravity assisted by the
springs which draw or press the arms H and H¹ inwards towards each other and
by the arm or lever S which is pressed into the position shewn in Figure 3, by the
spring of the friction clutch B, or a spring fixed in a convenient position to serve
a like purpose. The eccentric slot R, R may be recessed out at U2 so that the
roller W may rise into it and steady the cam in its central position. In the case of
lifts the cam can be brought to the central or "lock" position by steadying or
checking the rope as it passes through car until the cam is brought to the central
position the driven shaft locked, and the car stopped. In Figure 1, as the cam L
falls towards its central position the male cone D engages with the female conc or
recess in C¹ being pressed in by spring I acting through spring F. The male
cone D' almost stops the cone or toothed gear C' then the teeth on plate E¹ engage
with the teeth and absolutely lock the driven cone or toothed gear J, in the
meantime the friction clutch B has been eased off so that the motor has never been
stopped and never had more work put on it than would be required to raise its full
load. The curve of the eccentric R (see Figure 3) is different to that formed by
the outer surface of cam or eccentric between M and U. Now R R¹ and
M, U'M' U¹ so that the relation between R and M, U is the same as between
Rand M, U. The cam R is so formed that the lever. S applies the friction
clutch B so much quicker than the arm H' withdraws the male cone D' as to make
it impossible for the lift to run away while the change is being effected just as the
positive locking teeth 2 disengage with teeth on E the friction clutch B comes
nearly full on and the cone or toothed gear C¹ begins to revolve slowly slipping
on D¹ and the lift begins to rise increasing its speed to full as the cone D is with-
drawn and when C' is allowed to run free. Although I have already described
how the lift or driving gear is brought to rest, I would point out that the lever S
begins to ease off the friction clutch B just as the teeth on plate E' are about to
engage the teeth 2. I have already stated that R=R and M, N=M', N¹ there-
fore the action is the same in lowering and stopping as in raising and stopping only
in the former case cone or toothed gear C is unlocked and locked instead of C.
=
-
Figure 2 is, as before stated, a modification of Figure 1. In this drawing the
motor shaft is not shewn, but the motor is in direct connection through suitable gear
with the safety rising lowering or hauling gear through the wheel A. In Figure 2,
A is shewn as running free on the driving shaft; the cam L is in the central and
natural position as shewn in Figure 3, and the friction clutch B is off, but the
friction clutches D and D¹ are both full on and the cones or toothed gears Cand C

page_text: are both securely fixed on to the driving shaft A' and the driven cone or toothed
gear J is securely locked, as is also therefore the driven shaft K and the drum or
other lifting device connected therewith. The sliding of the collars G, G. G along
the driving shaft A' towards and away from their respective clutches B, D and Di
locks and unlocks the clutches. The cam L, L', and the cam or excentric slot R R
are the same as described in Figures 1 and 3.
The action of the apparatus shewn in Figure 2 will be readily understood by
When either of the clutches D or D' are
anyone who has studied Figures 1 and 3.
being freed by the action of the cam L, the cam or eccentric slot R R' more
quickly locks the clutch B and when either D or D' is coming on again as the
cam L falls to the central position the cam or eccentric slot R or R¹ more slowly
eases off clutch B. A spring may be suitably attached so to actuate the lever S as
to cause it to steady the cam eccentric or pattern surface L in its central position,
as set forth in the description of Figures 1 and 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what [
claim is :-
"
"
1. The construction and arrangement in combination of parts of lifting and
hoisting apparatus operated by electrical energy so that the cam, eccentric or
or "lower recess
pattern surface, as L, will when not held in the "lift recess
fall by gravity to the central one and thereby lock or securely hold the two driving
cones on to the driving shaft by friction clutches or friction clutches combined with
positive clutches or other equivalent suitable device and a second cam, eccentric or
pattern surface formed on the first actuates a third friction clutch, or friction clutch
combined with a positive clutch or other suitable device at a quicker or slower rate
than the rate at which the first mentioned cam or its equivalent actuates the other
friction clutches or their equivalents, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
2. In lifting or hoisting apparatus operated by electrical energy the method of
keeping both the driving cones or toothed gears always in contact with the driven
cone or toothed gear and in opposing positions so that when both the driving cones or
toothed gears are held firmly to or locked to the driving shaft, the driven cone or
toothed gear is also locked or firmly held so that it and the drum or other winding
gear attached to it cannot move either way with any force that will be brought to
bear on it, substantially as herein before described and shewn by the drawings.
3. The combination or arrangement and use of parts of apparatus for lifting and
hoisting by the aid of electrical energy so as to enable those parts to cooperate
together to effectively control the motion of the lifting or "hoisting" parts during
changes of direction of motion, when using an electrical motor running continuously
in the same direction, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Noted the 16th day of January 1099.
Dated the 16th day of January loo).
G. LL. DAVIES.
Win. Brookes & Son,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.