CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING AND MANUFACTURING OF WAX, SPERMACETI, AND TALLOW CANDLES
Year: 1805

page_text: DESORMEAUX & HUTCHINGS' SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DANIEL
DESORMEAUX, of Barking, in the County of Essex, Surgeon and Apothecary,
and SAMUEL HUTCHINGS, of Ilford, in the said Parish of Barking, Weaver,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of October, in the forty-fifth year of His
reign, did give and grant unto us, the said Daniel Desormeaux and Samuel
Hutchings, His especial licence that we, the said Daniel Desormeaux and
Samuel Hutchings, during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING
AND MANUFACTURING OF WAX, SPERMACETI, AND TALLOW CANDLES;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging us, the said Daniel
Desormeaux and Samuel Hutchings, under our hands and seals, to cause a
particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one calendar month after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had,
may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Daniel Desormeaux and Samuel Hutchings, do hereby declare that our said
Invention is described in manner following, that is to say :-
Instead of the wick usually made, applied, and used in the manufacture of
candles, which consists of a loose rope, cord, or strand of cotton, or other suit-
able yarn, composing what may be called a solid cylinder, we construct and
use a wick in which the threads or yarns are so disposed and connected with
or applied to each other as to form a tube or hollow wick, by which means
the external surface of our said wick is rendered much greater than the
external surface of a common wick consisting of the same weight of yarn or
number of like threads, and various other considerable advantages arc
obtained; and we do fabricate or manufacture our said wicks cither by draw-
ing the threads parallel to each other, in sufficient number, through holes in
a lucet or other similar implement, and by smearing them while thus disposed
alongside of each other with some glutinous inflammable matter, such as wax,
or as tallow mixed either with wax or resin in due proportions, to be ascer-
tained by trial, by which means a flat and manageable wick is formed of any
desired width, and may be cut into suitable lengths, and used as hercin-after
directed; or otherwise the said flat piece may be fabricated and made by
weaving, or by any other known method; or otherwise we do weave or do
fabricate and make by any other known methods certain tubes of cotton or
other fit material of any required dimensions, weight, and length. In the
manufacturing of candles with our said improvements we do apply or dispose
the flat wick herein-before described upon a wire, so as to wrap round and
cover the same, with it's length nearly in the longitudinal direction of the wire;
and we secure the said wick in its place by tyeing it round the ends, or by
sliding a perforated small piece of wood or button on the upper end, and by
tyeing it round at the lower end so as to embrace and confine the same, or
by any other fit means, to prevent the wick from sliding off the wire. And
in the subsequent processes of manufacture we do cover or envelop the said
wire and wick with wax, spermacetti, or tallow, by dipping the same in the
melted material, or by using suitable moulds in the same manner as the
ordinary wick is covered or enveloped in the making of common candles. And
when the said candles so manufactured, and containing the improvements
berein-before described, have become cold and hard, we hang them singly up,
each by its wire, from which we do then separate each candle severally by
drawing the same downwards, and the candle is then seen to be longitudinally
perforated cither quite through or within a small distance from the bottom,
according to the manner in which the process may have been intentionally

page_text: managed. And further, we do likewise manufacture.candles by applying a
suitable length of the tubular wick upon a wire properly fitting the same, and
we secure tlie said wick in its place at the upper end by the same means as
are. herein-before directed to be used with the flat wick; and the lower end
may be either secured by tyeing or otherwise, or the same may be suffered to
remain in its situation without securing or tyeing, at the election or conve-
nience of the operator. And we do then proceed in making and completing
the candles in the same manner as before directed for making the said candles
with our said flat wicks.
And further, we do declare that, according to the uses and purposes for
which the said candles may be intended, we do make our. wicks of greater
or less diameter, in proportion to the weight of wax, spermaceti, or tallow
made use of in each candle; and we do vary the relative quantity of cotton
or other fit material, and the fineness of the threads thereof, in the said wicks,
the particulars whereof must be left to the choice of the maker and consumer
of the article, and cannot therefore be here pointed out. And further, we do
in some cases apply a coating of wax, spermaceti, or tallow, more or less
thick, to the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical wick, either by dipping
or by a mould with an interior taper wire or core, or by various other means,
sufficiently obvious to those who are accustomed to works of the nature of
those herein described. And in other cases we do entirely fill up the interior
cavity after drawing out the wire, or by any other suitable management.
And in other cases we make the external part of the said candles of wax or
spermaceti, and the interior part of tallow, or of either or any of the mixtures
of the said materials.
Lastly, with regard to the interior cavity, we in some cases (such as
when the diameter is considerable)-leave the lower part open to admit an
interior current of air; and in other cases (such as when the diameter of the
wick is proportionally small, we make the candles with the lower part closed,
and resembling in that respect the candles commonly made.
In witness whereof, we, the said Daniel Desormeaux and Samuel
Hutchings, have hereunto respectively set our hands and scals, the
Nineteenth day of November, in the forty-sixth year of the reign of our
Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of God of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and five.
DANIEL DESORMEAUX. (L.S.)
SAMUEL HUTCHINGS. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Nineteenth day of
November, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Daniel Desormeaux
and Samuel Hutchings came before our Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and
provided.