improvements In the Distillation of Fatty Substances and the like by Means of Superheated Steam and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1884

page_text: improvements In the Distillation of Fatty Substances and
the like by Means of Superheated Steam, and Apparatus
therefor.
I WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and
323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF
FATTY SUBSTANCES AND THE LIKE BY MEANS OF SUPERIIEATED STEAM AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR (a communication from abroad by Mathieu Julien and
Maximilien Blumski, both of Odessa in the Empire of Russia, Engineers) to be as
follows:-
The object of the present application for Letters Patent consists essentially in an
improved method of distilling fatty substances by superheated steam in apparatus
specially designed therefor, which apparatus is also applicable for the distillation of
any other substances capable of being advantageously distilled by means of super-
heated steam.
The apparatus consists essentially of a boiler of suitable dimensions, traversed
by a number of tubes through which the steam previously superheated in any
suitable apparatus is passed, the boiler is moreover furnished with domes con-
nected with the condensers, with apertures for the introduction of the substances
to be operated on, with discharge pipes and with the various other apparatus
requisite to regulate and control the operations.
Referring to the drawing annexed to this provisional specification :
Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus.
Figure 2 is an end view.
The boiler A is constructed preferably in the form of a horizontal cylinder closed
at both ends by plates perforated for the steam tubes, it is surmounted by two
domes B B each communicating with separate condensers by means of copper pipes
of 15 to 20 centimetres in diameter at the boiler end reduced to from 5 to 6 centi-
metres in diameter at the condenser end, where each is preferably connected to a
coil of lead pipe.

page_text: •
Through the ends of boiler A a number of heating pipes D pass which pipes
may be connected to each other outside the boiler as shown in the drawing, or they
may be connected together in the inside of the boiler in the manner indicated by
the dotted line, in which case the ends of the boiler remain intact.
The superheated steam enters by the tube E, traverses the tubes D and escapes
by the tube E' bearing tap F above which the tube E¹ is prolonged and curved
downwards, divided into two or more branches to 'supply steam to the perforated
tubes D¹ placed at the bottom of the boiler A.
The escape pipe E has also another tap G placed a little below the tap F for the
purpose of letting off the steam when required.
This tap enables the workman to judge of the temperature of the steam on
arrival at this point, and so to ascertain, whether it is sufficiently superheated to
be passed into the perforated tubes D¹, the amount of steam blown through these
tubos is regulated by tap F. A manhole C serves for the introduction of tho
substances to be treated, a tap J is inserted so as to indicate the height of the
liquid in the boiler A and a let off tap H is attached for the escape of the residues
after the operation is completed.
The process is conducted essentially as follows:
The fatty matters previously docomposed in the auto clave or by sulphuric acid,
or other-substances to be treated, are filled into the apparatus up to the level of
cock J. The apparatus is now heated until drops of water run from the condenser
pipes; as soon as these drops appear, superheated, steam is passed through the
entrance.pipe E, tap F being shut and tap G-left open, so that the steam after
traversing the tubes D escapes by tap G. . As soon as the steam appears sufficiently
dry; tap F is gradually opened so as to allow the steam to pass into the pipes ¹
and through the perforated pipes D' into the interior of the apparatus., This tap
is then shut again and the distillation continuod until the products commence to
distil over discoloured, which indicates the end of the operation.
In about two hours time after the conclusion of the distillation the residues may
be let off into hermetically sealed reservoirs, to run them into an open vessel would
necessitate six to eight hours cooling.
WM P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and
323, High Holborn, London,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in the Distillation of Fatty Substances' and
the like by Means of Superheated Steam; and 'Apparatus
therefor.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool in the county of Lancaster, and
323 High Holborn in the county of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF
FATTY SUBSTANCES, AND THE LIKE, BY MEANS OF SUPERHEATED STEAM AND
APPARATUS THEREFOR (a communication from abroad by Mathieu Julien, and
Maximilien Blumski, Odessa) and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
"D
The object of the present application for Letters Patent consists essentially in an
improved method of distilling fatty substances by superheated steam in apparatus
specially designed therefor, which apparatus is also applicable for the distillation of
any other substances capable of being advantageously distilled by means of super-
heated steam. .
The apparatus consists essentially of a boiler of suitable dimensions, traversed
by a number of tubes through which the steam previously superheated in any
suitable apparatus is passed; the boiler is moreover furnished with domes con-
nected with the condensers, with apertures for the introduction of the substances
to bo operated on, with discharge pipes and with the various other apparatus
requisite to regulate and control the operations.
Referring to the drawing annexed to this provisional specification:
Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of the apparatus.
Figure.2 is an end view.
The boiler A is constructed preferably in the form of a horizontal cylinder closed
at both ends by plates perforated for the steam tubes, it is surmounted by two
domes B B each communicating with separate condensers by means of copper pipos
of 15 to 20 centimetres in diameter at the boiler ond reduced to from 5 to 6 centi-
metres in diameter at the condenser end, where each is preferably connected to a
coil of lead pipe.
Through the ends of boiler A a number of heating pipes D pass which pipes
may be connected to each other outside the boiler as shown, in the drawing, or they
may be connected together in the inside of the boiler in the manner indicated by
the dotted lines, in which case the ends of the boiler remain intact.
The superheated steam enters by the tube E, traverses the tubes D and escapes
by the tube E¹ bearing tap F above which the tube El is prolonged and curved
downwards, divided into two or more branches to supply steam to the perforated
tubes D' placed at the bottom of the boiler A.
The escape pipe El has also another tap G placed a little below the tap F for the
purpose of letting off the steam when required. This tap enables the workman to
judge of the temperature of the steam on arrival at this point, and so to ascertain

page_text: whether it is sufficiently superheated to be passed into the perforated tubes D', the
amount of steam blown through these tubes is regulated by tap F..
A man hole O serves for the introduction of the substances to be treated, a tap J
is inserted so as to indicate the height of the liquid in the boiler A, and a let off
tap H is attached for the escape of the residues after the operation is completed.
The process is conducted essentially as follows:
The fatty matters, previously decomposed in the autoclave or by sulphuric acid,
or other substances to be treated are filled into the apparatus up to the level of
cock J.
5
The apparatus is now heated until drops of water run from the condenser pipes ;
as soon as these drops appear, superheated steam is passed through the entrance
pipe E, tap F being shut and tap G left open, so that the steam after traversing the
tubes D escapes by tap G. As soon as the steam appears sufficiently dry tap F is
gradually opened so as to allow the steam to pass into the pipes El and through
the perforated pipes D¹ into the interior of the apparatus. This tap is then shut
again and the distillation continued until the products commence to distil over-
discolored, which indicates the end of the operation.
In about two hours time after the conclusion of the distillation, the residues
may be let off into hermetically sealed reservoirs, to run them into an open vessel
would necessitate six to eight hours cooling.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is
1st. In apparatuses for the distillation of fatty substances and the like by means
of superheated steam, the combination of parts consisting essentially of a boiler
provided with domes communicating with separate condensers and having inside a
series of tubes forming a coil for the reception of the superheated steam the said
coil terminating in a perforated pipe placed at the bottom of the boiler, together
with stop cocks suitably arranged for the control of the operation, the whole,
substantially as described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2nd. The improved method of distilling fatty matters previously decomposed by
sulphuric acid or in the auto clave which consists essentially in heating them in
the above described apparatus to 100 degrees Centigrade, then passing superheated
steam into the coil, and thence through the perforated pipe until the mass acquires
the desired temperature, finally distilling by the aid of the coil alone, substantially
as described.