CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STOVES FOR COOKING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I, JOHN
DULEY, of St John's Lane; in the Town and County of Northampton, Iron-
founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Second day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the twelfth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Duley, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Duley; my exors,
adiňors, and assigns, and such others as I; the said John Duley, my exors,
adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF STOVES FOR COOKING AND OTHER
PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said John Duley, should cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing, under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Duley, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say-
My Invention in the construction and arrangement of stoves consists,
Firstly, in an apparatus for raising and lowering the grate bottom, so as to
increase or diminish the capacity of the fire-place. Secondly, in a contrivance
for regulating and controlling the draught, and for converting the stove into
an open or closed one at pleasure. Thirdly, in a novel arrangement of flues
for heating and ventilating stove ovens.
The accompanying Drawing is an isometrical perspective elevation of a
kitchen stove, embodying my said improvements, and applicable to all the
purposes of cooking, steaming, warming, and ventilating.
Firstly, the apparatus for raising and lowering the grate bottom; A and B
are two cast iron gratings, which form the bottom of the fire-place. The
grating A is fixed, but the grating B is moveable, rising and falling vertically,
by means of two rack bars a', b', attached to the under side of the middle bar
or grating. C and D are two spindles, turning in suitable bearings in the
front and back plates of the stove. Each of the spindles C and D are fitted with
a pinion c, d, which work into each other, and also into the rack; bars a', b'.
The outer end of the spindle D is squared d², to receive a winder; and on
the corresponding end of the spindle C is fitted a ratchet wheel c³, held in any
required position by a pall, acted upon by a spring in the ordinary manner.
When for cooking or other purposes a large fire is required, the grating B is
brought to its lowest position, in a line with the grating A, so as to give the full
depth of the fire-place for the reception of fuel, the width of the fire-place being
increased or diminished by a cheek E, sliding horizontally when acted upon by
a rack and winding pinion in the ordinary manner.
When the gratings A
and B are on the same level, the cheek E can be made to traverse over
both, as may be required. On the other hand, if a small fire only is required,
the cheek E is brought up close to the grating B; and a winder applied to the
spindle D, d, on turning of which the grating rises, diminishing the depth of
the fire-place to any required extent, thus forming a small fire-place for heat-
ing a top plate (which extends over the entire surface of the stove); upon
which the ordinary operations of cooking may be carried on with a small con-.

page_text: sumption of fuel. I am aware that moveable bottom gratings have been
before used in stoves. I do not, therefore, claim the use of moveable bottom
gratings. What I claim as new and of my Invention, is the mode of raising
and lowering the bottom gratings of stoves by means of two rack bars
and pinions, as herein-before described, and shown in the accompanying
Drawing.
My second improvement for regulating and controlling the draught, and for
converting the stove into an open or closed one at pleasure, is carried out in
the following manner :-F, F, is a sliding plate, which moves backward and
forward by means of rollers e, e, which travel upon a projecting bar or rail f,
so as to enclose the upper part of the front of the fire-place; or the plate F,
can be slid back out of the way, behind the chimney jamb J, leaving the fire-
place open. The top of the stove is covered by a plate G, which extends over
the boiler and oven, and forms a hot plate. Part of this hot plate is formed
into two flaps g', g; the first of these flaps, g', covers the fire-place, and is
hinged at the back; it is furnished with a circular opening for the introduction
of fuel and a close cover. The other flap g³ is hinged in an opposite direction
to the former, so as to open from the back, and is furnished with a projecting
curved hook h. At the back part of the stove, above the plate G, there is a
moveable chimney panel or blower H, the lower edge of which can be drawn
forward in an angular direction, as shewn by the dotted lines, when it forms
an inclined and enclosed passage from the fire-place to the chimney; the com-
munication between the fire-place and chimney being opened on lifting the
flap g, and this is effected by the lower edge of the panel H coming in contact
with the hook h. The draught then draws the smoke, &c., from the fire-place
up behind the blower H, into the chimney, and prevents its escaping into the
open space above the stove, or into the apartment. At this time, the flap g²
being lifted, stands parallel to the inside of the blower H; on lifting up the
flap g', and turning it back in an inclined position, externally against the
panel H, a perfectly open fire-place is produced. On the other hand, if the
flaps g, and g, are shut down, a closed stove is formed, and the smoke and
heat pass away through flues which surround the oven, and then enter the
chimney. What I claim as new, and of my Invention in the foregoing
arrangement is, the moveable flaps g², g², and the blower H, a suitable disposi-
tion of which produces either an open or closed stove, and permits the heat
and products of combustion to pass direct from the fire-place into the chimney,
or compels them to traverse flues for the purpose of heating an oven, and to
pass from thence into the chimney.
My third improvement, consisting of a novel arrangement of flues for heat-

page_text: ing and ventilating stove ovens, is shewn in the accompanying Drawing, where
the several parts of the fire-plate and oven, with which the heat and flame
of the fire comes in contact, and the direction of the currents thereof, are indi-
cated by red lines and arrows, while the passages and direction of the hot air
currents are indicated by blue lines and arrows. I, I, is the inside of the
oven, the door of which is omitted for the purpose of shewing more distinctly
the course of the several air passages. A portion of the flame and heat from
the fire-place passes up the side of the oven K, into a flue over the crown of
the oven K', down the opposite side K³, and beneath the oven K³, from
whence it passes up behind the oven into the chimney. Another portion of
the heat and flame passes through a grating m, into a hollow shelf M, (which
forms a passage through the oven,) and meeting the former portion of heat
and flame at the point K³, passes on with it to the chimney. There is a small
door n, in front of the hollow shelf M, which, when opened, gives access to the
flue for cleansing. A space or passage is left between the back plate of the
fire-place, and a flue plate in front of the boiler, to the bottom of which air is
admitted through the opening O, the air passes in a zigzag direction between
these heated plates, going up over a vertical deflecting or dividing plate P, under
the plate P, and over a plate P³. The air thus heated is admitted into an air
space at the side of the oven, through the opening Q. A portion of cold air
at the same time enters this air space through an aperture R, in the front of
the oven; the cold air thus admitted combines with, moderates, and purifies
the current of hot air entering at Q, and passes with it to the interior of the
oven, through an aperture L, near the bottom. After circulating within the
oven, the heated air is taken off by the draught of the chimney, through a
small pipe S, at the back of the oven. A second portion of cold air enters an
aperture at R², and passes into an air space or passage between the internal
and external plates, which form the crown of the oven; this current of air
traverses in a zigzag direction round horizontal dividing .or deflecting plates,
over the whole surface of the crown of the oven, from whence it passes down
an enclosed flue T at the side, and enters the lower part of the oven through
the opening t¹, where it mixes with the other currents of air, and circulating
through the oven, passes off through the pipe S, to the chimney. The viands
within the oven are thus exposed to the direct action of a current of hot dry
air, which most effectually assists the action of the deflected heat in the process
of cooking, while any steam or effluvia are carried off as fast as formed, pro-
ducing an effect more like that of roasting than the baking of an ordinary oven.
In order still further to moderate the intense heat necessarily thrown upon the
crown of the oven, a cast iron plate V encloses the arched portion of the

page_text: interior, and the heat therein generated is drawn down to the lower part of
the oven through an enclosed passage or flue v¹, v³, where it mixes and goes
off with the other circulating currents. What I claim as new and of my
Invention, is the mode of heating ovens by passing a portion of the flame and
heat from the fire through a central hollow shelf, communicating with the
ordinary flues. And I claim the mode of heating and ventilating ovens by
means of currents of air produced and circulating within the oven, in the
the manner herein-before described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Duley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine