IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR METALLIC AND OTHER BOOKS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Warner, of 101, Whitechapel, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR METALLIC AND OTHER BOOKS."
-
Scaled the 7th September 1875, and dated the 13th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Warner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1875.
I, HENRY WARNER, of 101, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR METALLIC AND OTHER BOOKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fastenings for
metallic and other books.
Heretofore rimmed books, that is, books which have a rim of metal
around the edge of each of their covers have had clasps or fastenings
applied to them, which have been carried by and form part of the metal
rims, thereby rendering the production of such books costly. In place

page_text: of this I attach to such books a clip of metal or other suitable material,
by means of a single pin or bolt, which is independent of the rim and
passes through one of the covers just in rear of its metal rim. The clip
is free to turn on this pin or bolt as an axis, and is formed in such
manner that it may embrace and hold together the edges of the covers
when closed down in its place, and yet allow of the book being opened
when the clip is raised.
When the covers of the book are not provided with a metal rim
around their edges I apply to each of the covers where the clip is to
embrace them a rim or plate of metal or other suitable stiff material to
preserve them from wear; the pin or bolt upon which the clip is to turn
might also if preferred pass through a hole formed for it in the metal
rim or plate on the cover.
In order to obtain additional security the sides of the clip may be
slotted to allow them to fall over a stud or pin affixed to one or both of
the covers, and such stud or studs may either be on the outside of the
covers or they may be on the inside of the covers, and be cach provided
with a head to come behind the sides of the clip.
The clip need not necessarily be fixed to the cover or rim by a pin or
bolt, but may be attached thereto by means of a short chain, link, or
cord, of a flexible character. In this case I prefer giving to the sides of
the clip such a concave shape as to form a spring to clip the sides of the
book.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Warner in the Great Seal Patent Office on 25
the 13th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
WARNER, of 101, Whitechapel, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 30
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
cighth year of Пer reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,

page_text: give and grant unto me, the said Henry Warner, Her special license
that. I, the said Henry Warner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Warner, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR METALLIC AND OTHER BOOKB," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Henry Warner, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the samo to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Warner, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fastenings for
metallic and other boots.
Heretofore rimmed books, that is, books which have a rim of metal
around the edge of each of their covers, have in some cases had clasps or
fastenings applied to them which have been carried by and form part of
the metal rims, thereby rendering the production of such books costly.
In place of this I attach to such books a clip of metal or other suitable
material, by means of a single pin or bolt, which may either pass
through the rim of one of the covers or through the cover just in rear of
its metal rim. The clip is free to turn on this pin or bolt as an axis, and
is formed in such manner that it may embrace and hold together the
edges of the covers when closed down in its place, and yet allow of the
book being opened when the clip is raised.
When the covers of the book are not provided with a metal rim.
around their edges I apply to each of the covers where the clip is to
embrace them a rim or plate of metal or other suitable stiff material to
preserve them from wear; the pin or bolt upon which the clip is to turn

page_text: might also if preferred pass through a hole formed for it in the metal
rim or plate on the cover.
In order to obtain additional security the sides of the clip may be
slotted to allow them to fall over a stud or pin affixed to one or both of
the covers, and such stud or studs may either be on the outside of the
covers or they may be on the inside of the covers, and be each provided
with a head to come behind the sides of the clip.
The clip need not necessarily be fixed to the cover or rim by a pin or
bolt, but may be attached thereto by means of a short chain, link, or
cord of a flexible character. In this caso I prefer giving to the sides of
the clip such a concave shape as to form a spring to clip the sides of the
book.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect I have shown in the Drawings hereunto annexed an
example of a rimmed metallic note book with a clip fastening combined
with it in the manner I prefer.
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the note book and fastening;
Figure 2 shows separately a transverse section of the clip fastening.
It will be seen that the clip embraces the rim of each cover, and holds
the covers together at the desired distance apart from one another.
In some cases the clip might be made simply to hold the covers
together and not to embrace each cover separately, I however prefer the
construction shown in the Drawings.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim, the
construction of fastenings for metallic and other books, substantially in
the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Warner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.