IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TOILET OR DRESS. PINS AND OTHER PINS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Twining, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Hair Pin Manufacturer, and Joseph Dangerfield, of
Aston, near Birmingham, aforesaid, Machinist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TOILET OR DRESS.
PINS AND OTHER PINS."
Sealed the 3rd February 1871, and dated the 20th October 1870..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Twining and
Joseph Dangerfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 20th October 1870:
We, WILLIAM TWINING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Hair Pin Manufacturer, and JOSEPH DANGERFIELD, of Aston, near Bir-
mingham, aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TOILET
OR DRESS PINS AND OTHER PINS," to be as follows:-
--
.
Our Invention consists in constructing and combining or arranging
in the manner herein-after described the parts of machinery for the
manufacture of toilet or dress pins and other pins.

page_text: By our Invention two pins are headed and cut off at each revolution
of the main shaft of the machine, and the pointing and polishing of the
pins are effected with greater uniformity and certainty than by the
ordinary machinery.
The principal part of our Invention relates to the heading of the pins,
and consists in arranging or combining side by side in the machine a
double set of dies and tools and mechanism connected therewith for
feeding two wires from which the pins are to be made into the machine
for gripping the wires for heading their ends and for cutting off the
headed lengths of wires. The moveable dies of the two pairs of gripping
dies are carried in the same die block, the said block having a recipro-
cating motion across the machine, the motion in one direction of the die
block causing one of the wires fed into the machine to be gripped by one
pair of the gripping dies, and the headed blank formed from the other
wire to be released from the other pair of gripping dies, the reverse
action taking place on the die block moving in the contrary direction.
The cams for actuating the duplicated parts of the machine are situated
on the same shaft, but instead of employing separate cams for actuating
the gripping dies and heading punches we make each of the heading
cams double acting, that is, we make on the periphery of each cam the
necessary rises or projections for giving a series of blows to the heading
punch, and we make on the inner face of each cam an incline for giving
the reciprocating motion to the die block carrying the moveable dies of
the two pairs of gripping dies. The incline on the face of one cam is
not situated opposite that on the face of the other cam, but the said
inclines are so arranged that they alternately act upon the die block, and
give a reciprocating motion to the said die block and to the moveable
gripping dies carried by it.
We will now describe generally the action of the heading and cutting-
off mechanism of the machine. For convenience of description we will
call the two wires fed into the machine Nos. 1 and 2 wires. No. 1 wire
"having been fed between the pair of gripping dies on the left-hand side
of the machine the moveable gripping die advances and grips the wire.
The heading punch now advances, and by a series of blows forms a
head on the end of the wire held between the gripping dies. While the
headed wire is so held a cutter advances and cuts off the headed blank
from the wire. The moveable gripping die now retires and the headed
blank falls from the dies. The action described with respect to the dies

page_text: on the left-hand side of the machine now takes place with respect to
the dies on the right-hand side of the machine, the last-mentioned dies
operating upon the Number Two wire and making therefrom a headed
blank. Thus while one pin is being headed and cut off by one set of the
dies and tools the other set of dies and tools retire, and a fresh length of
wire is fed into the last-mentioned dies and tools, two pins being headed
and cut off from the two wires at each revolution of the main shaft of
the machine.
We will now proceed to describe the grinding and polishing mechanism.
Under each pair of the gripping dies is a spout or tunnel down which
the headed pins or blanks fall, and are conveyed therefrom by an inclined
slotted bar or rail (in which the pins are supported by their heads) to
the grinding and polishing mechanism of the machine, by which the
headed pins or blanks are pointed and polished. The said grinding
mechanism or mill is of the ordinary kind, but in addition to the
ordinary rotating and reciprocating grinding cylinder we use a second
cylinder or file for polishing the stems of the pins, and for pressing and
holding the points of the pins in close contact with the grinding cylinder.
The said polishing cylinder is of less diameter than the grinding cylinder,
and is situated parallel thereto. By employing a second rotating and
reciprocating grinding or polishing cylinder the stems of the pins are
effectually polished, and the pointing is performed more uniformly and
with greater certainty than by the ordinary arrangement. When our
Invention is employed for the manufacture of the pins commonly called
"lustre pins," that is, pins without points, the grinding and polishing
mechanism of the machine is not used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Twining and Joseph Dangerfield in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
TWINING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Hair Pin Manu-
facturer, and JOSEPH DANGERFIELD, of Aston, near Birmingham, aforesaid,
Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Twining and Joseph Dangerfield,
Her special licence that we, the said William Twining and Joseph
Dangerfield, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said William Twining and Joseph Dangerfield, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TOILET OR DRESS PINS AND OTHER PINS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Twining and
Joseph Dangerfield, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Twining and Joseph
Dangerfield, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
say :-
Our Invention consists in constructing and combining or arranging in
the manner herein-after described, the parts of machinery for the manu-
facture of toilet or dress pins and other pins.
.
By our Invention two pins are headed and cut off at each revolution
of the main shaft of the machine, and the pointing and polishing of the
pins are effected with greater uniformity and certainty than by the
ordinary machinery.
The principal part of our Invention relates to the heading of the pins,
and consists in arranging or combining side by side in the machine a
double set of dies and tools and mechanism connected therewith for
feeding two wires from which the pins are to be made into the machine
for gripping the wires for heading their ends, and for cutting off the
headed lengths of wires. The moveable dies of the two pairs of gripping

page_text: dies are carried in the same die block, the said block having a recipro-
cating motion across the machine, the motion in one direction of the die
block causing one of the wires fed into the machine to be gripped by one
pair of the gripping dies, and the headed blank formed from the other
wire to be released from the other pair of gripping dies, the reverse
action taking place on the die block moving in the contrary direction.
The cams for actuating the duplicated parts of the machine are situated
on the same shaft; but instead of employing separate cams for actuating
the gripping dies and heading punches, we make each of the heading
cams double acting, that is, we make on the periphery of each cam the
necessary rises or projections for giving a series of blows to the heading
punch, and we make on the inner face of each cam an incline for giving
the reciprocating motion to the die block carrying the moveable dies of
the two pairs of gripping dies. The incline on the face of one cam is not
situated opposite that on the face of the other cam, but the said inclines
are so arranged that they alternately act upon the die block and give a
reciprocating motion to the said die block and to the moveable gripping
dies carried by it..
•
We will now describe generally the action of the heading and cutting
off mechanism of the machine. For convenience of description we
will call the two wires fed into the machine Nos. 1 and 2 wires. No. 1
wire having been feed between the pair of gripping dies on the left-
hand side of the machine, the moveable gripping die advances and grips
the wire. The heading punch now advances and by a series of blows
forms a head on the end of the wire held between the gripping dies.
While the headed wire is so held a cutter advances and cuts off the
headed blank from the wire. The moveable gripping die now retires and
the headed blank falls from the dies. The action described with respect
to the dies on the left-hand side of the machine now takes place with
respect to the dies on the right-hand side of the machine, the last-
mentioned dies operating upon the No. 2 wire, and making therefrom a
headed blank. Thus while one pin is being headed and cut off by one
set of the dies and tools the other set of dies and tools retire, and a fresli
length of wire is fed into the last-mentioned dies and tools, two pins
being headed and cut off from the two wires at each revolution of the
main shaft of the machine.
We will now proceed to describe the grinding and polishing mechanism.
Under each pair of the gripping dies is a spout or tunnel, down which the

page_text: headed pins or blanks fall and are conveyed therefrom by an inclined
slotted bar or rail (in which the pins are supported by their heads) to
the grinding and polishing mechanism of the machine, by which the
headed pins or blanks are pointed and polished.
The said grinding mechanism or mill is of the ordinary kind, but in
addition to the ordinary rotating and reciprocating grinding cylinder we
use a second cylinder or file for polishing the stems of the pins and for
pressing and holding the points of the pins in close contact with the
grinding cylinder. The said polishing cylinder is of less diameter than
the grinding cylinder, and is situated parallel thereto. By employing a 1
second rotating and reciprocating grinding or polishing cylinder, the
stems of the pins are effectually polished and the pointing is per-
formed more uniformly and with greater certainty than by the ordinary
arrangement.
When our Invention is employed for the manufacture of the pins 1
commonly called "lustre pins," that is, pins without points, the
grinding and polishing mechanism of the machine is not used.
Having explained the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
2
Figure 1 represents in plan a machine for the manufacture of toilet
or dress pins constructed and arranged according to our Invention;
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same, parts being omitted; Figure 3
represents in cross section, and Figure 4 in side elevation, a portion of
the machine drawn to a larger scale, and Figure 5 represents one of the 2
double-acting gripping and heading cams of the machine drawn of
the full size.
a, b, are the two wires from which the pins are to be made, the reels
on which the wires are wound are omitted. The parts by which the
wire a at the side C of the machine is advanced to the gripping and a
heading dies and tools are as follows:-e is the feeding slide having an
intermittent sliding motion given to it by the cam f on the main shaft ġ
acting upon the bar e² of the said slide e; h is the spring, by the action
of which the wire is made to travel with and is released from the feeding
slide e.
This spring is acted upon by the lever i and cam k on the main 3
shaft g.
The parts at the other side D of the machine for feeding the
wire bare marked with the same letters as corresponding parts at the

page_text: side C. The wire a is gripped while being headed and cut off by the pair
of gripping dies l, m, the die / being fixed and the die m being moveable.
The wire bis gripped while being headed and cut off by the pair of
gripping dies n, 7, the die 7 being fixed and the die n being moveable.
The moveable gripping dies m, n, are carried in the same die block p;
the arm p² of the said block being connected by the spring q to the
framing of the machine. The said die block p has a reciprocating
motion across the machine, the motion in one direction of the said block
causing the wire a to be gripped between the pair of dies l, m, and the
motion of the die block in the opposite direction causing the wire 6 to
be gripped between the pair of dies n, 7, the wire which had been
previously held between one or other of the dies l, m, or n, l, being.
released. is the heading punch for the wire a, and s is the heading
punch for the wire b; these heading punches 1, 8, are supported on
spring arms in the ordinary way; t is the moveable cutter, and u is the
fixed cutter at each side of the machine for cutting off the headed
lengths from the wires a, b. The moveable cutters t, t, at the sides of
the machine are worked by the cams at the ends of the main shaft g.
The double-acting cams fixed on the shaft g for working the die block p
of the moveable gripping dies m, n, and the heading punches 7, 8, are
marked w, x.
One of these cams is shown of the full size in back eleva-
8
tion, side elevation, and front elevation in Figure 5. On the periphery
of each of these cams are rises or projections 2, 2, for giving a series of
blows to the heading punches r, s, and on the inner face of each of the
said cams is an incline 3 for giving the reciprocating motion to the die
block p carrying the moveable gripping dies 'm, n. The incline 3 on the
face of one of the cams w or x is not situated opposite that on the face of
the other cam; but the said inclines are so arranged that they act
alternately upon the block p, and thereby give a reciprocating motion
to the moveable gripping dies. The rises or projections 2, 2, of the said
cams w, x, are also so arranged that when one cam is in action the other
cam is out of action.
In the Drawing the gripping dies l, m, are shown gripping the wire a,
while the heading punch is in the act of heading the said wire.
The action of the heading and cutting-off mechanism of the machine
is as follows:-The wire a at the side C of the machine having been fed
by the feeding slide e between the pair of gripping dies l, m, the move-
able gripping die m advances by the action of the incline 3 of the cam x

page_text: +
on the die block p, and the said moveable gripping die grips the wire
between itself and the fixed die 1. By the action of the rises or pro-
jection's 2, 2, on the periphery of the cam w, the heading punch "
advances, and by a series of blows forms a head on the end of the wire a,
which has been successively advanced to the said punch. As soon as the
heading of the wire a has been effected, the inner end of the moveable
cutter at the side C of the machine descends by the action of the cam v
upon the outer end, and the said cutter cuts off the headed length of
wire. The heading punch and gripping die m now retiring the
headed blank falls from the dies and is conveyed by the spout 4 into the
slotted rail herein-after described, where it is pointed and polished.
While the wire a has been headed and cut off by the dies and tools at
the side C of the machine, the wire b at the side D of the machine has
been fed by the feeding slide e between the gripping dies n, l, and
the reverse action of the die block p effected by the incline 3 of the
cam w to release the headed and cut-off length of the wire a causes
the moveable gripping die'n to grip the wire 6 between itself and the
fixed gripping die l. The heading punch s next coming into action the
said wire is headed by the said punch s and the headed wire cut
off by the cutters t, u, at the side D of the machine in the manner
described with respect to the wire a, which cut-off length of headed wire
is conveyed by the spout 4 to the pointing and polishing mechanism.
By an examination of the Drawing it will thus be seen that while one
pin is being headed and cut off by the set of dies and tools at the side C
of the machine, the other set of dies and tools at the side D of the
machine retire and a fresh length of wire is fed into the said dies at
the side d, two pins being headed and cut off from the two wires a, b,
at each revolution of the main shaft g.
In order to make pins of different lengths in the machine the feed
cams finstead of acting directly on the feed bars e² of the feeding slides,
may be made to act on adjustable slides in the said feed bars e², whereby
the range of motion of the feeding slides may be increased or diminished
at pleasure. By this arrangement one side of the machine may make
pins of one length while the other side of the machine is making pins of
a different length.
We will now describe the pointing and polishing mechanism of the
machine. The headed pins are conveyed by the spout 4 to the inclined
slotted rail 5 (see Figure 3), in which rail the pins are supported by

page_text: their heads. 6 is the grinding cylinder or mill, having a rotatory motion*
and a reciprocating or rising and falling motion at one end. The
grinding cylinder 6 is driven by a band passing over the pulley 7 on the
driving shaft 8, and the rising and falling motion of the said grinding
cylinder is effected by the crank or face plate 10 on the shaft g and the
connecting or crank rod 11 secured to one end of the said cylinder; 12
is the horizontal reciprocating bar for polishing the stems of the pins,
and for giving a rolling motion to the said pins during the pointing and
polishing operation. The advance motion of the said bar 12 is effected
by the lever 13, acted upon by the cam 14 on the shaft g, and the return
motion of the said bar is effected by the strong spring 15. The separation
of the polishing bar 12 from the slotted rail 5 to permit the pins from
the spout 4 to pass between the reciprocating bar 12 and the grinding
cylinder 6 is effected by the cam 16 and levers 17.
The grinding and polishing mechanism already described is of the
ordinary kind, and constitutes no part of our Invention. Parallel to
the grinding cylinder 6 is a second cylinder or file 18 for polishing the
stems of the pins and for pressing and holding the points of the pins in
close contact with the grinding cylinder 6 (see Figure 5). This additional
cylinder or file 18 has a rotatory motion and a reciprocating horizontal
motion given to it. The rotatory motion of the cylinder or file 18 is.
effected by a band passing over the pulley 7 on the driving shaft 8, and
the reciprocating motion of the said cylinder or file is effected by means
of the cam 20 on the spindle of the rotating grinding cylinder 6
engaging with a neck or collar 21 on the spindle of the cylinder or file
18. The action of the second or additional parallel cylinder or file 18
will be readily understood by an examination of the Drawing.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we
do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention of improve-
ments in machinery for the manufacture of toilet or dress pins and
other pins,―
Firstly. Arranging or combining side by side in the machine a double
set of dies and tools and mechanism connected therewith for feeding two
wires into the machine for gripping the said wires, for heading their ends,
and for cutting off the headed lengths of wires, whereby two pins are

page_text: headed and cut off from the wires at each revolution of the main shaft,
the said double sets of dies and tools, and mechanism connected
therewith, being arranged, combined, and worked substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. Combining with the ordinary grinding or pointing and
polishing mechanism of pin-making machinery an additional grinding.
or polishing cylinder or file, arranged and worked substantially as and
for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Twining and Joseph
Dangerfield, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-one.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM TWINING.
(L.S.)
JOSEPH DANGERFIELD. (L.S.)