Improvements in Rotary Fluid Pressure Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 16th July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Fluid Pressure Engines.
We, WILLIAM TOMKINS STURGESS, and EDWARD TOWLSON, both of Saint
Michael's at Coslany, in the City and County of Norwich, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in fluid pressure rotary engines,
and has for objects to improve the working and increase the efficiency of such
engines and likewise to render them reversible. To this end the piston is carried
by a web or collar (hereinafter called a collar) on the driving shaft, and rotates
around hollow bosses encircling the driving shaft at each side of the collar and
extending from the inner sides of the cylinder ends or covers. Between the parts
of the piston at each side of the collar, and the fixed bosses, are steam spaces
that are each divided longitudinally by a division or plate radially movable in a
slot in the piston, the arrangement being such that part of the steam admitted
to one side of the piston will enter the said steam spaces and counterbalance or
nearly so, that component of the fluid pressure on the piston that acts in a
direction towards and at right angles to the axis of the driving shaft. By this
means the friction of the driving shaft in its bearings due to the action of this
component of the fluid pressure on the piston, that usually obtains in rotary
engines as heretofore constructed is very considerably reduced. Each boss may
advantageously be surrounded by a longitudinally adjustable packing ring or tube
the inner end of which is caused by suitable means such as set screws or springs
to bear either directly or indirectly through a narrow ring, against the annular
collar and form therewith a fluid tight joint. When the inner end of the packing
ring or tube bears against the collar it may be formed with a projecting flange to
afford an increased surface.
The abutment that divides the steam space at one side of the piston from the
exhaust space at the other side thereof is so arranged as to bear during a con-
siderable part of each rotation of the piston upon the fixed bosses, thereby obviating
a considerable part of the friction that is usually produced by contact of the
abutment with the moving piston during the whole of each rotation thereof.
Adjustable annular packing plates serve to form a fluid tight joint at the sides
of the piston. These plates can if desired be made in one with the adjustable
packing ring or tube surrounding the fixed boss at the corresponding end of the
cylinder. These annular packing rings can however be dispensed with. When
this is done, the piston is provided with overlapping packing plates acted upon by
springs to compensate for wear of the piston and to ensure fluid tight joint between
the piston and the interior of the cylinder. The abutment may be also provided
with similar packing plates. Between the bosses and driving shaft may be an
annular space closed at the ends by taper bushes. An expansion valve worked by
an eccentric enables motive fluid to be used expansively. In one construction the
engine is provided with a pivoted abutment and with an oscillating cylindrical
cut off valve worked by an eccentric fixed on the driving shaft.
This
In another construction the abutment is arranged to work radially in a chamber
into which part of the steam admitted to the cylinder passes so as to act upon
the upper or outer end of the abutment and keep the same in close contact with
the fixed bosses and piston alternately during the rotation of the latter.
abutment at its ends may be arranged to work in guides formed in the annular
packing plates or in the cylinder ends or covers, these guides serving to support
the abutment whilst subjected to the pressure of steam. To make such an engine
reversible there is provided at each side of the abutment chamber a valve chamber

page_text: provided with concentric oscillating cut off and reversing valves and at opposite
sides of the cylinder are oscillating exhaust valves controlling exhaust passages
having a common outlet. The spindles of the reversing and exhaust valves are
each. provided with a lever arm connected by a link to a crank pin on a disc or
plate provided with a hand lever, the arrangement being such that by means of
the hand lever the positions of the several valves can be simultaneously reversed
or altered so that the piston can be caused to rotate in either direction at will.
The cut off valves are independently operated each by an eccentric on the driving
shaft. In this construction the abutment is arranged to work in a chamber that
may be divided into two compartments into one or other of which, according to the
direction of rotation of the piston, steam is admitted from the cylinder to keep the
abutment up against the bosses and piston. Or the outer end of the abutment may
be suitably packed and work in a chamber to the upper or outer end of which
steam is admitted from one or other of the valve chests through a pipe controlled
Asbestos
by a valve operated from the spindle of the corresponding cut off valve.
packing arranged in taper recesses around the lower end of the abutment chamber
and set up by adjustable plates serves to effectually pack the abutment at the inner
end of the abutment chamber.
As will be obvious rotary engines constructed according to this invention can be
modified in various ways without departing from the essential features thereof.
Thus there may be a fixed boss at one side only of the annular collar on the
driving shaft, but it is considered more advantageous to provide a fixed boss at each
side of the annular collar.
J
T11001
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per James G. Stokes,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Fluid Pressure Engines.
We, WILLIAM TOMKINS STURGESS, and EDWARD TOWLSON, both of
St. Michael's Coslany, in the City and County of Norwich, England, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This invention has reference to improvements in fluid pressure rotary engines
and has for objects to improve the working and increase the efficiency of such
engines and likewise to render them reversible.
In order that the nature of my said invention may be fully understood and that
it may be readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the same with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which,
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are respectively a transverse section, a longitudinal section,
a horizontal section and a plan of a simple fluid pressure rotary engine con-
structed according to this invention
Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 are similar views to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, illus-
trating a reversible fluid pressure engine; and
Figs. 9 and 10 are elevations of opposite ends of the same.
Figs. 11 to 18 inclusive are sectional views hereinafter referred to, illustrating
further modified constructions.
In the construction of engine shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, 1 1* is the piston.
It is carried by a web or collar 2 (hereinafter called a collar) on the driving
shaft 3, and rotates around hollow bosses 4 that encircle the driving shaft at each
side of the collar, and extend from the inner sides of the cylinder-ends or covers 5.
Between the parts 1, 1ª of the piston at each side of the collar, and the fixed

page_text: bosses, are steam spaces 6, that are each divided longitudinally by a division or
plate 7 radially movable in a slot 8 in the piston, the arrangement being such that
part of the steam admitted to one side of the piston will enter the said steam
spaces and counterbalance or nearly so, that component of the fluid pressure on the
piston that acts in a direction towards and at right angles to the axis of the driving
shaft. By this means the friction of the driving shaft in its bearings, due to the
action of this component of the fluid pressure on the piston, that usually obtains.in
rotary engines as heretofore constructed, is very considerably reduced. The piston
is provided with a packing plate 7" that is pressed outward by a spring to compensate
for wear and which ensures a fluid tight joint between the piston and the inner
periphery of the cylinder. Each boss 4 may advantageously be surrounded by a
longitudinally adjustable packing ring or sleeve 9 the inner end of which is caused
by suitable means such as springs 10 (Figs. 2 and 3) or screws 11 (Fig. 14), or
both, to bear either directly, as in Figs. 2, 3, 6, 7 and 14, or indirectly through a
narrower ring 9ª as in Fig. 13, against the collar 2 and form therewith a fluid tight
joint. When the inner end of the packing ring or sleeve bears against the collar,
it may be formed with a projecting flauge 9b as in Figs. 2, 3, 6, 7 and 14, to afford
an increased annular surface to prevent escape of steam.
12 is an abutment that divides the steam space 13 at one side of the piston, from
the exhaust space 14 at the other side thereof. This abutment is hinged or jointed
at 15 and is so arranged as to bear, during a considerable part of each rotation of
the piston, upon the fixed bosses 4, or the rings or tubes 9 surrounding them, thereby
obviating a considerable part of the friction that is usually produced by contact of
the abutment with the moving piston during the whole of each rotation thereof.
16, 16* are two adjustable annular packing plates that serve to form a fluid tight
joint at the sides of the piston. These plates can, if desired, be each made in one
with the adjustable packing ring or tube 9 surrounding the fixed boss 4 at the
corresponding end of the cylinder as shown in Fig. 13. These annular packing
rings can however be dispensed with. When this is done, the piston is provided
with overlapping packing plates 17, 17" as shewn in Fig. 14. These plates are
pushed apart laterally by a spring placed between them, and radially by springs
arranged in the chambers 17 so as to compensate for wear of the piston, and to
ensure a fluid tight joint between the piston, and the interior of the cylinder 5, 5*.
The abutment 12 may be also provided with similar packing plates. Between the
bosses and driving shaft may be an annular space 18 closed at the ends by taper
bushes 19. An expansion or cut off valve 20 worked by an eccentric 21 fixed on
the driving shaft, and an eccentric rod 21*, enables motive fluid to be used expan-
sively. This valve is of the hollow perforated cylindrical type and is arranged to
oscillate in a perforated cylindrical valve seat 22 within a valve casing 23. 24 is
an inlet for admitting steam to the interior of the valve. 25 is a port for the
passage of steam from the annular valve space 26 in the valve casing 23 to the
interior of the cylinder. 27 is an exhaust passage formed in the base plate of
the engine, and in permanent communication by openings 28, with the interior of
the cylinder on the exhaust side of the piston. 29 is an inlet for lubricant.
The abutment 12 may be arranged to work radially in a chamber 30 (see Fig. 15.)
into which steam from the steam space of the valve chamber 23 passes so as to act
upon the upper or outer end of the abutment and keep the inner end thereof in
close contact with the fixed bosses and piston alternately, during the rotation of
the latter. This abutment at its ends may be arranged to work in recesses or
guides 16 formed in the annular packing plates 16, 16* (Fig. 2), or in the cylinder
ends or covers 5, these recesses or guides serving to support the abutment whilst
subjected to pressure of steam at one side thereof. The engine shown in Fig. 15
is constructed with two steam admission valves to make it reversible as hereinafter
explained, and steam is admitted to the chamber 30 from one or other of the valve
chambers 23 by a hand operated valve 30*.
To make an engine of the kind hereinbefore described reversible, there is
provided at each side of the abutment chamber 30, a valve chamber 23 as shown

page_text: The
in the construction of engine illustrated in Figs. 5 to 10 inclusive, each chamber
being provided with concentric oscillating perforated cut off and reversing
valves 20 and 20* respectively, carried by the perforated valve seat 22, and at
opposite sides of the cylinder are oscillating exhaust valves 31 that control
exhaust ports 32 and exhaust passages 33 having a common outlet 34.
spindles 20° of the reversing valves 20 are each provided with a lever arm 35
connected by a link 36 to a crank pin 37 on a pivoted disc or plate 38 provided
with a hand lever 39. The spindles 31* of the exhaust valves 31 are each
similarly provided with a lever arm 35*, connected by a link 36" to another
crank pin 37 on the said disc or plate 38, the arrangement being such by means
of the hand lever, the positions of the several valves can be simultaneously
reversed or altered so that the piston can be caused to rotate in either direction
at will. With the lever arms and connecting rods in the positions shown, the
piston will rotate in the direction of the arrow Fig. 5. The cut off valves 20
are independently operated each by an eccentric 21 fixed on the driving shaft
and connected by an eccentric rod 21", to a lever arm 21° fixed to the valve
spindle 20°. In this construction the abutment 12 is shewn as arranged to work
in a chamber 30 that is divided into two compartments by a partition 40 and
into one or other of which, according to the direction of rotation of the piston,
steam is admitted from the cylinder by a passage 41 to keep the abutment up
against the packing rings or sleeves 9 and piston alternately.
11. In
Or the outer end of the abutment 12 may be formed as shewn in Fig.
this arrangement the abutment is suitably packed at 42 and arranged to work in a
chamber 30 to the upper and outer end of which steam is admitted from one or
other of the valve casings 23 through a pipe 43 controlled by a valve 44 operated
from the spindle 20° of the corresponding cut off valve 20 by a link as shown in
dotted lines; or steam may be admitted to the top of the chamber 30 by a hand
operated valve 30* as in Fig. 15. Asbestos packing 45 arranged in taper
recesses 46 around the lower end of the abutment chamber 30 as shown in Figs. 11
and 12 and set up by adjustable plates 47, serves to effectually pack the abutment 12
at the inner end of the abutment chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :--
1. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved fluid
pressure rotary engine, constructed arranged and operating substantially as herein-
before described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the accom-
panying drawings, or modified according to Fig. 13, or according to Fig. 14, or
according to Fig. 15.
2. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved reversible
fluid pressure rotary engine, constructed arranged and operating substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to and shewn in Figs. 5 to 10 inclusive of the
accompanying drawings, or modified according to Fig. 11 and 12 or according
to Fig. 15.
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