IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR UNTWISTING AND UNLAYING THREADS, YARNS, STRANDS, ROPES, AND OTHER SPUN AND TWISTED MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO TWISTING, SPINNING, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES.
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, of Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, formerly of Unna, in Westphalia, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR UNTWISTING AND UNLAYING THREADS, YARNS,
STRANDS, ROPES, AND OTHER SPUN AND TWISTED MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO TWISTING, SPINNING, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES.'
Sealed the 18th March 1870, and dated the 23rd September 1869,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Albrecht Carl
Bremme at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 23rd September 1869.
I, GUSTAV ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, formerly of Unna, in Westphalia, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR UNTWISTING AND UNLAYING THREADS, YARNS,
STRANDS, ROPES, AND OTHER SPUN AND TWISTED MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS

page_text: ARE APPLICABLE TO TWISTING, SPINNING, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
In machinery for untwisting and unlaying threads, yarns, strands,
ropes, and other spun or twisted materials generally two pairs of solid
rollers are employed, of which the one pair has a compound movement, 5
namely, the rollers turn on their own axes against each other, while at
the same time the rollers rotate with their frame on an axis vertical to
their own axes and in opposite direction to that in which the twist of
the material to be operated upon lies, and the other pair of which
remains stationary, simply turning on their own axes, In some cases 1
both pairs of rollers have the compound movement, as described, but
rotate in opposite direction on the vertical axis. In either case the
material passing between the two pairs of rollers will be untwisted or
unlaid. Various mechanical arrangements for effecting this compound
movement of one or more pairs of solid rollers for the purpose of 1
untwisting and uplaying threads, yarns, strands, ropes, and other spun
and twisted materials are well known and in use.
Now my Invention relates to new and improved machinery for effecting
this purpose, that is to say, for untwisting and unlaying, and for spinning
and twisting. The construction which I adopt for this purpose is as 2
follows; In lieu of solid rollers I mount two or more toothed wheels on
a frame forming, as is preferred, a tube, through which the material to be
operated upon has to pass and turning freely in proper bearings on the
axis of the tube. The toothed wheels enter through slots which are
either parallel or under an angle with the vertical axis (or axis of the 2
tube) into the tube, turn freely on their own axles, and are held towards
the centre of the tube by springs or any other means. The teeth of
these wheels enter the threads of a surrounding internal screw. Thus
while the frame rotates on the axis of the tube or its own axis, carrying
along the toothed wheels mounted thereon and gearing into the sur- 3
rounding internal screw, these toothed wheels receive the required
compound movement, namely, a rotary motion on their own axles and
a rotary motion on the axis of their frame or tube; but if the frame is
held stationary and the surrounding internal screw rotates on its own
axis or the axis of the frame or tube the toothed wheels receive only 3
rotary motion on their own axles. In order now to effect the untwisting
and unlaying I combine two sets of toothed wheels in such a manner
either that for the one set the frame with the toothed wheels rotates and

page_text: the internal screw is held stationary, while for the other set the internal
screw rotates and the frame with the toothed wheels is held stationary;
or I rotate for both sets the frames with the wheels in opposite direc-
tions, while both the internal screws are held stationary. In some cases
I effect the same purpose by combining a pair of ordinary stationary
rollers with one set of toothed wheels mounted and geared as described.
Instead of the internal screws surrounding and gearing with the toothed
wheels I employ spiral wheels, namely, wheels with spiral screws or
worms on their faces, which faces are vertical to the axis of the frame
or tube. These spiral wheels have a hole in the middle for the journals
of the frames to pass through. The toothed wheels mounted on the
frames and reaching through slots into the tube, as described before,
are geared into the screws or worms of the spiral wheels, thereby
receiving the desired compound movement when they rotate with the
frame while the spiral wheel is held stationary, or simply the rotation on
their own axles when the spiral wheel rotates, while they themselves
with their frame are held stationary.
:
Another part of my Invention consists in the following:-Sometimes
when the material to be untwisted passes between a pair of ordinary.
rollers the same must exert a comparatively great pressure upon it in
order to overcome the resistance of torsion or twist in the material, and
in consequence the fibre or other substance becomes injured and caked'
together (as, for instance, tarred materials) instead of being loose and
separated, besides great difficulty is experienced in keeping the apparatus
from fouling. These defects are obviated by employing three or more
toothed wheels, as described. If three or more toothed wheels reach
through slots to the centre of the tube or nearly so it is necessary that
their edges should be made wedge-shaped or thin, thereby offering a
small surface to the material passing through the tube and between
them, and therefore a comparatively small pressure suffices to hold the
material against the resistance of torsion. In order to increase the grip
of these wheels and their tendency for separating the material I cut on
the heads of their comparatively coarse teeth with which they gear intò
the internal surrounding screws or into the spiral wheels smaller teeth,
which enter into and separate the material more or less. Instead of
giving to the untwister or its part a simple rotary motion in the one
direction prescribed by the twist of the material to be untwisted I give to
the same a reciprocating rotary motion, namely, the rotating part of the _
T

page_text: untwister rotate reciprocally in opposite directions, but farther in the
direction prescribed by the twist of the material than in the other, in
consequence of which the thread, yarn, strand, or rope will pass through
the frame or tube to and fro, but farther in the direction of discharge
than in the opposite direction, and is thus repeatedly exposed to the
action of the rollers or wheels.
Another part of my Invention consists in effecting the same purpose
by means of stationary wheels turning simply on their own axles instead
of having the compound movement as described above, and the con-
struction I adopt is as follows:-Three or more thin edged wheels are
mounted around a tube or its equivalent and are held by means of proper
bearings and springs in such a manner that they reach into the tube
through slots, of which each forms an angle with the axis of the tube in
the same direction, and that the edges or peripheries of these wheels
touch each other or nearly so, turning freely on the axis of the wheels.
These wheels with the tube or frame are held stationary and receive
rotary motion on their own axles and in the same direction either by
giving them teeth gearing into an internal surrounding screw or into a
spiral wheel turning on the axis of the tube, as described above, or the
wheels have a continuous periphery and are driven by any suitable
gearing from their axles. Thus while the wheels turn each point of their
periphery travels in a plane intersecting the axis of the tube, that
is to say, the direction in which the material has to travel, and in
.consequence the material will be drawn in and at the same time be made
to rotate on its own longitudinal axis.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAV
ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, 3
formerly of Unna, in Westphalia, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Civil
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the 3

page_text: thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, Her
special licence that I, the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Gustav
Albrecht Carl Bremme, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Ohannel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR UNTWISTING AND UNLAYING
THREADS, YARNS, STRANDS, ROPES, AND OTHER SPUN AND TWISTED MATERIALS,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO TWISTING, SPINNING, AND OTHER
ANALAGOUS PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
In machinery for untwisting and unlaying threads, yarns, strands,
ropes, and other spun or twisted materials generally two pairs of solid
rollers are employed, of which the one pair has a compound movement,
namely, the rollers turn on their own axes against each other, while at
the same time the rollers rotate with their frame on an axis vertical to
their own axes and in opposite directions to that in which the twist of
the material to be operated upon lies, and the other pair of which
remain stationary, simply turning on their own axes. In some cases
both pairs of rollers have the compound movement, as described, but
rotate in opposite directions on the vertical axis. In either case the
material passing between the two pairs of rollers will be untwisted or
unlaid. Various mechanical arrangements for effecting this compound
movement of one or two pairs of solid rollers for the purpose of

page_text: untwisting and unlaying threads, yarns, strands, ropes, and other spun
and twisted materials are well known and in use.
Now my Invention relates to new and improved machinery for effecting
this purpose, that is to say, for untwisting and unlaying, and for spinning
and twisting. The construction which I adopt for this purpose is as
follows:-In lieu of solid rollers I mount two or three toothed wheels
(A, A, as shewn in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings, on a frame
forming, as is preferred, a tube B through which the material to be
operated upon has to pass, and turning freely in proper bearings on the
axis of the tube B. The toothed wheels A, A, enter through slots which
are either parallel or under an angle with the vertical axis (or axis of
the tube) into the tube, turn freely on their own axles, and are held
towards the centre of the tube by springs or any other means. The teeth
of these wheels A, A, enter the threads of a surrounding internal screw D.
Thus while the frame rotates on the axis of the tube or its own axis
carrying along the toothed wheels mounted thereon and gearing into the
surrounding internal screw, these toothed wheels received the required
compound movement, namely, a rotary motion on their own axles and
a rotary motion on the axis of their frame or tube; but if the frame is
held stationary and the surrounding internal screw rotates on its own
axis or the axis of the frame or tube the toothed wheels receive only
rotary motion on their own axles. In order now to effect the untwisting
and unlaying I combine two sets of such toothed wheels within the
same framing in manner represented. The material under operation
3 entered into the tube at the mouth E, and is caught by the first pair
of toothed wheels. The apparatus is then set in motion by a strap or
band, which passes over the tube B, causing it to revolve. This revolution
causes the internal threaded collar D to go round with it and impart a
rotatory motion to both toothed wheels, so that the material which they
grip is drawn into the tube by them. At the same time that the
through travel of the material is going on the wheels are carried round
by the rotation of the tube, so that the strands of the rope, if rope is
being treated, are being unlaid, the threads, if such are treated, are
untwisted and the fibres separated. In some cases one pair or set of
toothed wheels only rotate and the internal screw is held stationary,
while for the other set the internal screw rotates and the frame with the
toothed wheels is held stationary, or I can rotate both sets and the
frames with the wheels in opposite directions, while the internal screw

page_text: are held stationary. I can also effect the same purpose by combining
a pair of ordinary stationary rollers with one set of toothed wheels
mounted and geared as above described. Instead of the internal screws
surrounding and gearing with the toothed wheels I employ spiral wheels,
namely, wheels F, F, with spiral screws or worms on their faces, which
faces are vertical to the axis of the frame or tube, as shown in Figure 2.
These spiral wheels have a hole in the middle for the journals of the
frames to pass through, as seen in the detached view in Figure 3. The
toothed wheels mounted on the frames and reaching through slots into
the tube, as described before, are geared into the screws or worms of the
spiral wheels, thereby receiving the desired compound movement when
they rotate with the frame, while the spiral wheel is held stationary, or
simply the rotation on their own axles when the spiral wheel rotates,
while they themselves with their frame are held stationary.
Another part of my Invention consists in the following:-Sometimes
when the material to be untwisted passes between a pair of ordinary
rollers the same must exert a comparatively great pressure upon it in
order to overcome the resistance of torsion or twist in the material, and
in consequence the fibre or threads become injured and caked together
(as, for instance, tarred materials) instead of being loose and separated,
besides great difficulty is experienced in keeping the apparatus from
fouling. These defects are obviated by employing three or more toothed
wheels, as described. If three or more toothed wheels are employed
they should reach through slots to the centre of the tube or nearly so.
It is necessary that their edges should be made wedge-shaped or thin, as
shewn in section in Figure 4, and elevation in Figure 5, thereby offering
a small surface to the material passing through the tube and between
them, and therefore a comparatively small pressure suffices to hold the
material against the resistance of torsion. In order to increase the grip
of these wheels and their tendency for separating the material I cut on
the heads of their comparatively coarse teeth with which they gear into
the internal surrounding screws or into the spiral wheels smaller teeth
a, a, which enter into and separate the material more or less. Instead
of giving to the untwister or its part a simple rotary motion in the one
direction prescribed by the twist of the material to be untwisted I give
to the same a reciprocating rotary motion, namely, the rotating parts of
the untwister rotate reciprocally in opposite directions, but farther in
the direction prescribed by the twist of the material than in the other,

page_text: in consequence of which the thread, yarn, strand, or rope will pass
through the frame or tube to and fro, but farther in the direction of
discharge than in the opposite direction, and is thus repeatedly exposed
to the action of the rollers or wheels.
Another part of my Invention consists in effecting the same purpose
by means of stationary wheels turning simply on their own axles instead
of having the compound movement as described above, and the con-
struction I adopt is as follows:-Three or more thin edged wheels are
mounted around a tube or its equivalent and are held by means of proper
bearings and springs in such a manner that they reach into the tube
through slots, of which each forms an angle with the axis of the tube in
the same direction, and that the edges or peripheries of these wheels
touch each other or nearly so, turning freely on the axles of the wheels.
These wheels with the tube or frame are held stationary and receive
rotary motion on their own axles and in the same direction either by
giving them teeth gearing into an internal surrounding screw or into a
spiral wheel turning on the axis of the tube, as described above; or the
wheels have a continuous periphery and are driven by any suitable
gearing from their axles. Thus while the wheels turn each point of their
periphery travels in a plane intersecting the axis of the tube, that is
to say, the direction in which the material has to travel, and in con-
sequence the material will be drawn in and at the same time be made to
rotate on its own longitudinal axis. The Invention is likewise specially
applicable for spinning loose fibre (oakum) into loose rope.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the first
part of my Invention, as herein-before described, the employment of
toothed wheels within a case or tube which has an independent rotary
motion to that of the toothed wheels imparted thereto, and which
toothed wheels are rotated on their own axes by an internal threaded
screw, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
Secondly. I claim the modifications of such arrangements of apparatus,
as herein-before described.
Thirdly. I claim the employment of threaded spiral wheels, substan-
tially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Fourthly. I claim the employment of toothed wheels on the peri-
pheries of which other teeth are cut or formed, substantially in the

page_text: manner and for the purposes herein-before described and represented in
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fifthly. I claim the method of actuating or operating the said
wheels, together with the modifications for operating them, as before
referred to.
And, lastly. I claim the employment of the machinery or apparatus,
as herein-before described, in the spinning of loose fibre, such as oakum,
into loose rope..
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Albrecht Carl Bremme, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of March
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.