IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WINDOWS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Marshall, of Wandsworth, in the County
of Surrey, Builder,. for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE
WINDOWS."
Sealed the 21st February 1865, and dated the 26th August 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Marshall at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1864.
I, RICHARD MARSHALL, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in carriage windows. For
these purposes the frame of a window of a carriage is near its upper end pro-
vided with two spring catches or bolts, one at each side. The catches or bolts aré
formed at the outer ends of two rods which pass through holes formed in the
top rail of the window, and the rods are acted on by a knob or handle in the
following manner:-On the stem of the knob or handle is a cam which acts on
two short levers which are in connection with the rods; these levers are con

page_text: stantly pressed on by springs in such manner as to force out the catches or
bolts, and when the springs are free to act on the two levers the two bolts or
catches will be caused to project beyond the two side rails of the window and
enter recesses or ratchets formed in the inner sides of the carriage door or
frame wherein the window slides. The cam and the levers are received in
the upper rail of the frame of the window, and they are covered over by a
suitable plate. The window is raised by means of the knob or handle, and
the window will be retained in the position desired by the two bolts or catches.
When it is desired to lower the window the bolts or catches by a partial rotation
of the handle will be withdrawn, and the window will be free to be slid down.
At the lower part of the window of a carriage I also place two springs, one on
each side, which when the window is fully raised tend to press the lower rail
of the window inwards. A projecting lip is also formed in the lower edge of the
window, and a similar projecting lip on the door or other frame in which the
window slides. When the window has been fully raised the lip on the lower
edge of the window is by forcing out the lower part of the window moved be-
yond the lip on the frame, and then when the window has been lowered a short
distance the springs at the side of the window will force the lip on the lower
edge of the window inwards against the lip on the frame, and thus a trap will
be formed which will shut out rain.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Marshall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
MARSHALL, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Richard Marshall, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Richard Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE WINDOWS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Richard Marshall, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Marshall, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in carriage windows. For
these purposes the frame of a window of a carriage is near its upper end pro-
vided with two spring catches or bolts, one at each side. The catches or bolts
are formed at the outer ends of two rods which pass through holes formed in
the top rail of the window, and the rods are acted on by a knob or handle in
the following manner :-On the stem of the knob or handle is a
cam which acts on two short levers which are in connection with the rods;
these levers are constantly pressed on by springs in such manner as to force
out the catches or bolts, and when the springs are free to act on the two levers
the two bolts or catches will be caused to project beyond the two side rails of
the window and enter recesses or ratchets formed in the inner sides of the
carriage door or frame wherein the window slides. The cam and the levers
are recessed in the upper rail of the frame of the window, and they are covered
over by a suitable plate. The window is raised by means of the knob or
handle, and the window will be retained in the position desired by the two
bolts or catches. When it desired to lower the window the bolts or catches by a
partial rotation of the handle will be withdrawn and the window will be free
to be slid down. At the lower part of the window of a carriage I also place
two springs, one on each side, which when the window is fully raised tend to
press the lower rail of the window inwards. A projecting lip is also formed
on the lower edge of the window, and a similar projecting lip on the door or
other frame in which the window slides. When the window has been fully
raised the lip on the lower edge of the window is by forcing out the lower part
of the window moved beyond the lip on the frame, and then when the window
as been lowered a short distance the springs at the side of the window will.
orce the lip on the lower edge of the window inwards against the lip on the

page_text: frame, and thus a trap will be formed which will shut out rain. These springs
also press
the bottom of the window inwards, so as to clear the lip on the
frame when the, window is slightly raised in order that it may be again.
lowered..
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe
more fully the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings hereunto annexed shew views of a
carriage door having a window applied to it according to my Invention. Figure
1 is an outside of the door and window, a portion of the top rail of the
frame of the window being removed in order to show more clearly one of the
catches. or bolts, and the mechanism for acting upon it; Figure 2. is a vertical
section of the same; and Figure 3 a view of the door from the inside, the
wooden lining or covering of the door being removed to show the parts more
clearly.
a, a, are the two catches or bolts formed at the outer ends of two rods a¹, a¹,,
which pass through holes formed in the top rail 6 of the window; c is the
knob or handle for acting on the bolts. On the stem of the knob or handle is an
eccentric or cam d, which acts on two levers e, é; these levers are pin-jointed
to the rods a', and the levers are constantly pressed on by the springs f so as
to force the bolts outwards; the bolts themselves are also acted on by springs
g, which tend to force them outwards; thus even supposing one or other of the
springs for g to get out of order the bolts or catches still continue to work.
When the bolts or catches a are by the springs forced outwards so as to pro-
ject beyond the frame of the window, they enter recesses or ratchets h formed
in the inner sides of the carriage door frame, and so retain the window at any
desired height. The cam d and levers e are, as is shown, recessed in the upper
rail of the frame of the window, and the pins or axes upon which they turn are
When the handle c is turned the bolts a are
carried by a metal plate k.
drawn inwards, the window can then be raised by the handle. When the
window is fully raised the bottom of the window is pressed outwards, in order
to lift the projecting lip on the lower edge of the window over a lip m on
the frame in order to form a water-tight joint as is usual. In order again to
lower the window, the window is first slightly raised by the handle c, and as
soon as the lip is raised above the lip m the lower part of the window is
pressed inwards by the springs n, fixed for this purpose to the sides of the
window, the window is then free to be pressed down by the handle.

page_text: In the arrangement shown in the Drawings the window is balanced by a
weight o, as is shown at Figure 2; the weight is held between guides p, and is
connected to the bottom of the window frame by a band 9, which passes over
a roller r. It is however only necessary to balance the windows when they
are heavy; when the windows are light it is not necessary to balance
them.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Marshall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
RICHARD MARSHALL. (L.S.)