IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR CHILDREN'S PERAMBULATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of J.
Brandt and G. W. v. Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the
German Empire, Patent Agents, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
COVERINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR
CHILDREN'S PERAMBULATORS." A communication from Louis Schmetzer, of
Rothenburg on the Tauber in the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May
1879.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent Agents.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS, ESPECIALLY APPLI-
CABLE FOR CHILDREN'S PERAMBULATORS." (A. communication from Louis Schmetzer,
of Rothenburg on the Tauber, in the German Empire.)
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of coverings,
especially for perambulators, and also applicable for other carriages and waggons.
The coverings heretofore usually applied to perambulators are unhealthy for
delicate children, because they are not only closed all round (in front by a
curtain) but are also made of dark American leather, which is especially recipient
of the sun's rays.
Coverings or roofs have been made so that the sides and back parts of same are
made to roll up and tied, thus admitting air and light, but such coverings are
inconvenient, and are consequently not used much.
Coverings made according to this Invention admit air and light without draught,
and are besides so made that they can be closed all round, also in front, and may
be opened and closed at any side, according to the wind.
The upper parts of the covering or roof are firmly connected with an awning
framing, and similarly the back parts of the roof to the carriage or basket; the side

page_text: parts and the two parts forming the back, which are cut out of one piece of mate-
rial, are, by rings with flaps for holding them by, attached to buttons on the
carriage; these parts are in one case made with india rubber or other elastic bands
sewn in, so that they fly back when unbuttoned. The two back parts lap over
each other and are joined by buttons or hooks and eyes. The two halves of the
forepart also lap over each other, and are near the bottom ends provided with
elastic bands sewn in so as to open automatically when unbuttoned, while other-
wise closing tightly. The nursemaid may observe the child through the back when
open.
The elastic bands may be left out; in that case small straps, or bands, or strings
buttoned on to buttons are used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th November 1879.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire, Patent Agents.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS, ESPECIALLY APPLI-
CABLE FOR CHILDREN'S PERAMBULATORS." (A communication from Louis Schmetzer,
of Rothenburg on the Tauber, in the German Empire.)
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction of coverings,
especially for perambulators, and also applicable for other carriages and waggons.
The coverings heretofore usually applied to perambulators are unhealthy for
delicate children because they are not only closed all round (in front by a curtain)
but are also made of dark American leather, which is especially recipient of the
sun's rays, and whereby the space inside the perambulator becomes close and hot, so
that the child instead of getting the benefit of the air as intended is worse off than
if it had remained indoors. The pure air and light so necessary for delicate children
are thus deprived them. Lying inside the close covering and enclosed by hot
pillows the child gets into perspiration, causing colds which sometimes engender
consumption, bronchitis, and diseases of the brain and other parts.
Coverings or roofs have been made so that the sides and back parts of same are
made to roll up and tie, thus admitting air and light, but such coverings are incon-
venient and are consequently not used much. They have also the disadvantage
that they cannot be made close, as there are always joints between the sides and
back through which there is a draught: Hence carriages with such coverings have
not come into general use.
Coverings made according to this present Invention admit air and light without
draught, and are besides so made that they can be closed all round, also in front,
and may be opened and closed at any side according to the wind.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a back view of a perambulator having
the covering opened; Figure 2 is a side view; Figure 3, a back view with the
covering closed; Figures 4, 5, and 6, are respectively front view, back view, and
side view of a modification.
The upper parts a, b, c, d, of the covering or roof are firmly connected with an
awning framing A, and similarly the back parts h, h, of the roof to the carriage or
basket B; the side parts g and the two parts h, h, forming the back, which are cut
out of one piece of material, are, by rings n with flaps for holding them by, attached
to buttons o on the carriage; these parts are, in case of the covering, shewn in
Figures 1 and 3, made with india rubber or other elastic bands m sewn in so that
they fly back when unbuttoned, as shewn in Figures 1 and 2. The two back parts
lap over each other, as shewn in Figure 3, and are joined by buttons or hooks and
eyes. The two halves of the fore part p also lap over each other, as shewn at
Figure 5, and are near the bottom ends provided with elastic bands q, sewn in so
as to open automatically when unbuttoned at r, while otherwise closing tightly.
As shewn in Figure 1, the nursemaid may observe the child through the back
when open, and that in a better manner than in the whole constructions in which
the front curtain p, Figure 1, admitted of still less observation.
The elastic bands may be left out; in that case small straps t or bands or strings
buttoned on to buttons o are used, as shewn at Figures 5 and 6.
This covering can thus not only be closed tightly all round so that the child is
entirely protected against the wind and sun but it admits also of opening on all
sides, or on three or two sides, or on one side only, all according to the direction
of the wind. It may of course be considerably modified as to shape and material,
and so as to suit any form of carriage, without departing from the distinctive
features of the Invention.

page_text: And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I declare
that I claim,-
Firstly. The combination of parts forming the new or improved covering or roof
for perambulators and other vehicles which can be closed all round or at either side,
or at the front or back as desired, substantially as described and shewn.
Secondly. The application of curtains and of side parts and back parts having
straps, cords, bands, or strings, or with elastic parts sewn in or on, for the fastening
of the parts and for the automatic drawing up of same, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty first day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)