Improvements in Apparatus for Use in the Roasting, Drying, Carbonising, or Torrefying of Farina, Dextrine, Manures, Feeding Stuffs, and other Materials; for the Heating, Concentrating, Evaporating, and Distilling of Liquid and other Bodies; for Heating Disinfectors for Hospitals and Water for Baths and other Purnoses.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 17th June, 1887.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in the Roasting, Drying,
Carbonising, or Torrefying of Farina, Dextrine, Manures, Feeding
Stuffs, and other Materials; for the Heating, Concentrating,
Evaporating, and Distilling of Liquid and other Bodies; for
Heating Disinfectors for Hospitals and Water for Baths and
other Purnoses.
I, JOHN KING of 24 Benson Street, Liverpool, Heating Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
I take iron or other tubes of fifteen-sixteenths of an inch external diameter
and nine sixteenths of an inch internal diameter or there abouts, of suitable
one end of each
lengths, and having first welded in the ordinary manner
tube, I fill or partly fill them with water or other suitable liquid or solution,
or with oil or a non-freezing liquid or solution, allowing the usual expansion space,
and then weld or plug up the other end of each. tube. I arrange the tubes in a casing
formed of brickwork or other suitable material in a row or a series of rows with their
ends projecting into the Heater six inches or thereabouts and I vary the length of the
projection of each row of tubes to equalize or otherwise the temperature desired.
The number and length of tubes to be used 1 vary according to the size of Apparatus
and the temperature required by each of the various materials to be operated upon. I
place the rows of tubes so that the row serving for the top of the lowest tier also serves
for the bottom of the next tier and so on. I encase the row or series of rows of tubes
in brickwork or other material and I support them by means of iron bars or rods built
into or fixed to the brickwork or other casing. The material or substance or liquid
to be heated, torrefied, concentrated or distilled lay directly on to the row or rows
of tubes, or I may cover the tubes with sheets of iron or other metal perforated or
otherwise or with wirework or gauze and thereon place the material to be

page_text: subjected to the heat, or I may place it in trays, tanks, or other receptacles with the
tubes inserted in or under or above them or in any combination of these methods in
such a position as the nature of the material or liquid may render expedient. I
provide doors in both or either sides or side of the casing or in the end for the
purpose of filling stirring and otherwise manipulating and removing the material or
liquid placed therein and I place them at convenient heights to suit the various rows
of tubes or sections of the Torrefier. In size the doors are sixteen inches long by
twelve inches wide, but they may be of any other length and width to suit the purpose for
which the Torrefier is intended to be used and are made of sheet iron or other inmaterial
and with a lining
or baffle plate with or without infusorial earth or other non-
conducting material placed between. The Heater is constructed of fire-bricks set in
fire-clay or of other suitable materials and I place or build into the Heater a number
of fire-clay slabs or tiles so as to form a number of tiers or shelves within the Heater
but with an open space nine inches wide left at one end of each shelf at opposite
ends of the Heater alternately, so as to form a zig-zag arrangement. The fuel is
burned on the fire-clay slabs formning the shelves-and the zig-gag arrangement of the
shelves causes the smoke and heated gases to rise and pass from a lower shelf to a higher-
thereby consuming the smoke and effecting perfect combustion of the fuel. A door
twelve inches long by ten inches high is provided on a level with each shelf for firing
and one for cleaning out the ashes at the bottom shelf. 1 utilize the heat of the
ashes as they are formed to heat the fire-clay tiles by raking them on to the bottom
shelf so as to obtain more complete combustion and by a ventilator in the door, air is
admitted which by being heated in passing over the hot ashes and hot tiles facilitates
combustion. The ends of the Tubes project into the Heater and a fire is placed on
each shelf to correspond with each row of tubes which are placed on either side or
both sides of the Heater so as to form a. Torrefier on either side or both. A smoke
Alue is constructed of glazed earthenware pipes about nine inches diameter or other
suitable material, and connected to the top of the Heater and thence carried along the
top of the Torrefier so as to utilise any heat it may contain, at the end of which it is
turned up into a vertical position sufficiently high to procure the requisite
draught.
When the apparatus is used for Heating water or liquid for Baths or other purposes
the same or other form of Heater may be used and the tubes placed either along the
bottom or sides or both of the Bath or any other receptacle containing the water or
liquid to be heated. When circumstances render it necessary, for instance in a long
bath, two or more lengths of tubes may be joined together by being welded or by
being screwed together with couplings and having the ends welded of the total length
thus formed.
In the accompanying drawings my said invention is illustrated.
Fig. 1. Is a vertical section through the Heater taken at the line A. B. fig. 3. a. a.
are the rows of tubes; b,b, are the fire clay tiles forming the shelves of the Heater;
c are the doors into the Heater; d is the smoke flue; e, e, are the spaces at the ends
of the fire clay tiles forming the zig-zag arrangement in the Heater; h, h, is the
brickwork round the Heater.
Fig. 2. Is a longitudinal section of the Torrefier on the line C. D. fig. 3. the
Torrefier on the left hand side being a duplicate; and a cross section of the Heater
shewing the projection of the tubes into the fires from the right hand Torrefier only;
the tubes and the Torrefier on the left hand side are similarly arranged. a, a, are the
tubes; b, b, are the fire clay tiles; f,, are the doors into the Torrefier; is the sinoke
flue; y, g, is the brick work casing round the Torrefier; h, h, is the brickwork round
the Heater.
Fig. 3. Is a plan of the Heater and the Torrefier on the right-hand side of the
Heater; the Torrefier on the left hand side being similarly arranged. b, is the fire
clay tiles of the Heater; c is a door of the Heater; e, is the space at the end of the
fire clay tiles are the doors into Torrefier; g, g, is the brickwork round the
Torrefier; h, h, is the brickwork round the Heater.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The application of the apparatus herein described as and for the purposes named.
2. The construction and application of a Heater as described to heat the tubes.
3. The heating of each row of tubes so as to obtain equal or different temperatures
in each row; and the use of two or more fires in the Heater.
4. The use of oil or a non-freezing liquid in a tube or two or more connected tubes
having its ends or the one end of the first and last connected tube welded.
5. The application of one or more rows of tubes to opposite sides of one or more
fires.
6. The application of the herein-described tubes or Heater or both for the Heating
of Water for Baths and other purposes, and for the concentrating, evaporating, and
distilling of liquid and other bodies."