An Improved Process for the Production of Coloured Patterns upon Aniline Black Grounds in Calico Printing.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Jan., 1893.
1 Complete Specification Left, 5th Aug., 1893—Accepted; 7th Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for the Production of Coloured Patterns upon
Aniline Black Grounds in Calico Printing.
We, THE THORNLIEBANK COMPANY LIMITED, Thornliebank, Glasgow, and
WILLIAM EDWARD KAY, Chemist, Thornliebank, Glasgow aforesaid, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved process for the application of aniline or
coal-tar colors to the production of colored resist prints or patterns in conjunction
with padded aniline black grounds on cotton fabrics.
Up to the present time when aniline colors have been used for this purpose,
either they have first been fixed upon the cloth by a preliminary and separate
process before the black has been padded on to the cloth, or the mordant required
for their fixation has been first fixed upon the cloth by a preliminary and separate
process. By our invention aniline colors are fixed upon the cloth simultaneously
with the aniline black and by the same series of operations as those by which at
present a white resist print is produced in conjunction with a padded aniline black
ground.
We
In carrying out our invention we first prepare or pad the cloth with a solution
containing aniline hydrochloride and a chlorate and ferrocyanide of an alkali
metal (or their equivalents) capable of forming an aniline black when subjected to
the usual steaming or ageing process. The cloth is then carefully dried.
then take a resist paste or thickening (for example a solution of acetate of soda,
suitably thickened) capable if printed on to the prepared cloth of preventing the
development of aniline black and thereby producing a white resist print or pattern.
But before printing this resist paste we add to it a solution of a suitable aniline
color and then print it on to the prepared cloth. After printing, the cloth is again
dried in the usual manner. We next steam or age the printed cloth in the manner
usually followed for the development of aniline black. The black is developed
where the resist is not printed, whilst where the resist is printed the development
of the black is prevented and simultaneously the aniline color is fixed on the fibre,
and so produces a colored resist print or pattern. We have found that many
aniline colors which when printed on to white cloth require a mordant for their
fixation are sufficiently fixed without the addition of any mordant when printed on
the cloth prepared with an undeveloped aniline black mixture one of the ingredients
of which is a ferrocyanide; but when necessary or advantageous we may also add
an appropriate mordant to the resist paste containing the solution of suitable
aniline color.
.
By suitable aniline colours we mean such soluble aniline or coal-tar colors as are
usually fixed on cotton fabrics by means of a mordant, and which are sufficiently
fixed when printed and then steamed or aged in conjunction with a padded aniline
black ground in the manner above described.
Dated this 11th day of January 1893.
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process for the Production of Coloured Patterns upon
Aniline Black Grounds in Calico Printing.
We, THE THORNLIEBANK COMPANY LIMITED Thornliebank Glasgow and
WILLIAM EDWARD KAY Chemist Thornliebank, Glasgow aforesaid do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved process for the application of aniline or
coal tar colours to the production of coloured resist prints or patterns in conjunction
with aniline black grounds upon cotton fabrics.
Up to the present time, when aniline colours have been used for this purpose
either they have first been fixed upon the cloth. by a preliminary and separate
process before the black has been padded upon the cloth or the mordant (namely
tannic acid and tartar emetic or their equivalents) has first been fixed upon the
cloth by a preliminary and separate process. By our invention aniline colours are
fixed upon the cloth simultaneously with the aniline black and by the same series
of operations as those by which at present a white resist print is produced in
conjunction with a padded aniline black ground; and no preliminary mordanting
of the cloth with tannic acid or addition of tannic acid to the printing colour is
required.
In carrying out our invention we first prepare or pad the cloth with a solution
containing aniline hydrochloride a chlorate of an alkali metal, and a ferrocyanide
of an alkali metal (or their equivalents) capable of forming an aniline black when
subjected to the usual steaming or ageing process. The cloth is then carefully
dried. We then take a resist paste or thickening (for example a solution of acetate
of soda suitably thickened) capable if printed on to the prepared cloth of preventing
the development of aniline black and thereby producing a white resist print or
pattern. But before printing this resist paste we add to it a solution of a suitable
aniline colour and then print it on to the prepared cloth. The cloth is dried in
the usual manner after printing. We then steam or age the fabric in the manner
usually followed for the development of aniline black; the black is developed
where the resist is not printed, whilst where the resist is printed the development
of the black is prevented and simultaneously the aniline colour is fixed on the
fabric and so produces a coloured resist print or pattern. We have found that
many aniline colours which, when printed on to white cloth require a mordant (as
for example tannic acid) for their fixation, are sufficiently fixed without the addition
of such inordaut when printed on to cloth prepared with an undeveloped aniline
black mixture, one of the ingredients of which is a ferrocyanide.
By suitable aniline colours we mean such soluble aniline or coal tar colours as
are usually fixed on cotton fabrics by means of a mordant (most commonly taunic
acid) and which are sufficiently fixed when printed and then steamed in conjunction
with a padded aniline black ground in the manner above described.
A specific example of our improvement is as follows:
The cotton fabric either unprepared or prepared with alizarine oil in the manner
sometimes followed by calico printers is in the first place padded at the padding
mangle with an aniline black mixture prepared as follows:-
Two gallons aniline hydrochloride solution, (prepared by admixing 12 measures
of aniline oil; 11 measures of hydrochloric acid 34° Tw., and sufficient water to
bring the whole to 18° Tw.).
4 gallons ferrocyanide of potassium 21° Tw.

page_text: After padding in this mixture the cloth is carefully dried preferably in hot air.
We then take a white resist paste which may be prepared in either of the subjoined
ways (A and B). Where brilliance of colour is of main importance resist A may
be used, but in most cases we prefer to use resist B.
We then take six gallons of resist paste A, 2 gallons of thickened gum, 2 gallons
of acetic acid at 6° Tw. and dissolve into the latter 20 oz. of methylene blue.
The whole of these are mixed and form a blue resist paste. Or alternatively we
take 6 gallons of resist B instead of resist. A. We find it sometimes advantageous
to add from 4 to 8 oz. of bisulphite of soda at 70° Tw. to the gallon of finished
colour.
.
In place of methylene blue we may take auramine, rhodamine or other suitable
coal tar colour.
The blue resist paste prepared in this way is printed on to the cloth which has
been padded with the aniline black mixture, dried as usual and then steamed for
one or two minutes through the Mather-Platt aniline black ager. By this process
the aniline black is developed and the aniline colour fixed. The cloth then requires
only to be washed off in clean water and is ready for the usual finishing process.
It will be understood that two or more, colours may be printed simultaneously and
that admixtures may be made of the several colours for the production of compound
shades.
The resist pastes containing aniline colours may also be mixed with other known
resist colour-pastes containing acetate of soda pigments and albumen without
departing from the peculiar character of our invention.
We have described resist pastes made in the one case from acetate of soda and
in the other from acetate of soda and acetate of zinc, but other metallic acetates
or other oxides or salts known to be capable of preventing the development of
aniline black may be used in lieu of, or in addition to, them. Thus in certain cases
we have found an addition of from 4 to 8 oz. of acetate of chrome 22° Tw. to the
gallon of resist paste to be advantageous.
We have found, however, that thiosulphates and sulphocyanides which are
sometimes used as resists for aniline black are less suitable for the purposes of our
invention.
It will be understood that the ingredients used and their proportions both as
regards the aniline black mixture and the discharge pastes may be varied without
departing from the peculiar character of our invention. The order of the padding
and printing processes may also be reversed but in the latter case, the padding
process is better carried out at the printing machine and some suitable thickening
should be added to the padding mixture.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
The production of coloured resist prints or patterns in conjunction with aniline
black grounds upon cotton fabrics by the process or combination of processes
substantially as hereinbefore described that is to say:
(1.) Prepare the cloth with a mixture of aniline oil and other ingredients capable
of developing aniline black, one of such ingredients being a ferrocyanide.
(2.) Print the design-with a thickened paste containing (a) a solution of a
suitable aniline or coal tar colour and (b) acetate of soda, acetate of zinc or other
suitable reagent capable of preventing the development of aniline black.
(3.) Steam or age the fabric in the manner usually followed for the development
of aniline black.
Dated this 4th day of August 1893.
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicants' Agents.