Year: 1885

page_text: being
Firstly To make the said engines double acting so as to increase the number
of explosive ignitions per revolution of the crank whereby the working capacity of
the engine is increased.
Secondly-The employment of means for the better controlling of such
engines, and
Thirdly To provide simple and effective apparatus whereby the ignition of the
gases is much more certain.
In gas motor engines as at present constructed the ignition of the combustible
mixture only takes place once for each revolution of the crank, but by means of
my invention the ignition of such combustible mixture is arranged to take place
twice for each revolution of the crank, or every working stroke of the piston.
In order to carry out my invention according to one arrangement I employ a
long cylinder having a long trunk piston fitting therein, such piston being
connected in the middle thereof to connecting rods, one on each side of the
cylinder, the said cylinder and double piston being so arranged as practically
to form two cylinders, one in a line with the other and working in such manner
that when one cylinder is being emptied by the discharge of the combustible
mixture the other cylinder is being filled.
The exhaust ports of each cylinder are placed about midway of the stroke of
each piston and communicating with the said ports are automatic valves mounted
in boxes at the top of the cylinders, so arranged and actuated that when the piston
of one cylinder uncovers the port, the exhaust pressure therein is sufficient as to
lift the valve in connection with such port, whereby the products of combustion
will escape and be led away by a pipe to the atmosphere, but the said valve will
close as soon as the pressure in the cylinder falls equal to that of the atmosphere.
The valves for admitting the gas and air into the cylinders may be of ordinary
construction and are operated at each forward movement of the piston, which
movement opens the said valves allowing air and gas to be drawn together into
the cylinder until the end of the pistons stroke, and on the return, stroke thereof
half the contents of the cylinder are expelled through the exhaust port and valve
previously mentioned. As soon as the piston closes the exhaust port, compression'
of the gases begin and continues to the end of the stroke where the ignition is
arranged to take place, the explosion caused thereby driving the piston from its
position allowing the products of combustion to expand until the piston is about
at half stroke, when exhaust takes place, but the exhaust valve closes immediately.
atmospheric pressure is reached. As the piston advances to the end of its stroke a
slight vacuum is formed in the cylinder sufficient as to draw into the said cylinder,
the next charge of combustible mixture.

page_text: At the commencement of the return stroke of the piston, the burnt products of
combustion still remaining in the cylinder will occupy that half portion of the
cylinder nearest the end of the piston, and consequently when the piston returns
that portion of the contents of the cylinder will be expelled through the exhaust
port and valve, and as the piston closes the port the same action takes place as
already described.
Although the above description only refers to one cylinder it must be understood
that the corresponding cylinder and piston have the same or similar action, whereby
the engine is rendered double acting.
In another arrangement of double-acting engine I employ two cylinders placed
preferably side by side, and having trunk pistons fitting therein, the pistons being
connected by separate rods to cranks set opposite to each other. At the end of
each cylinder is the usual space or ignition chamber, and communicating with the
chambers are the air and gas valves actuated in the same manner as described in
the first part of this Specification.
The method I employ of governing the engine is applicable to both arrangements
herein described, and this I accomplish by placing the governor in a convenient
position to the exhaust valve or valves, and connect them together by a lever and
spindle in such a manner that when the engine exceeds the prescribed speed the
exhaust valves will be lifted from their seats, and thus destroy the vacuum in the
cylinders, consequently no combustible mixture can be drawn into the cylinders
until the vacuum is restored again, which is immediately done when the exhaust
valves drop to their seats.
To ensure the ignition of the combustible mixture I connect a pipe preferably
taper to the ignition spaces of both cylinders, such pipes being connected to, but
not in communication with each other, and by employing one lamp or light to
heat to redness the compound pipes, it will be obvious that as the combustible
mixture is alternately compressed into each pipe that ignition will be produced in
the cylinders at the proper time, by this means only one light is employed to ignite
the gases of two cylinders.
Improvements in Gas Engines.
"
I, HUGH CAMPBELL of Black Boy House, Shibden, Halifax Yorkshire, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
3
35
I, HUGH CAMPBELL of Black Boy House, Shibden, Halifax Yorkshire, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to explosive gas engines the primary objects thereof 4
My invention has reference to explosive gas engines the primary objects thereof
being

page_text: Such being the nature and object of one part of my invention I will now
proceed to describe the same more fully, and for that purpose make reference to
the accompanying sheet of drawings which illustrates my improvements.
Fig. is sectional elevation, and Fig. 2 sectional plan of a gas engine constructed
according to my invention wherein A represents a long cylinder having a long
trunk piston B fitting therein, such piston being connected in the middle thereof
to connecting rods, one on each side of the cylinder the said cylinder and double
piston being so arranged as practically to form two cylinders C and D, one in a
line with the other and working in such manner that when one cylinder is being
emptied by the discharge of the products of combustion, the other cylinder is
being filled with combustible mixture.
The exhaust ports E of each cylinder are placed about midway of the stroke of
each piston, and communicating with the said ports are automatic valves F,
mounted in boxes G so arranged and actuated as hereinafter explained, that when
the piston of one cylinder uncovers a port, the exhaust pressure therein is sufficient
as to lift the valve F in connection with such port allowing the products of
combustion to escape therefrom which is led away by a pipe to the atmosphere,
but the said valve F will close as soon as the pressure in its own cylinder falls
equal to that of the atmosphere.
The gas and air is admitted into the cylinders by valves H which may be of
ordinary construction and are operated at each forward movement of the piston,
which movement opens the said valves allowing air and gas to be drawn together
into the cylinder until the end of the piston's stroke and on the return stroke
thereof the products of combustion remaining in the cylinder are expelled through
the exhaust port E, and valve G previously mentioned. As soon as the piston
closes the exhaust port, compression of the gases begin and continues to tho end
of the stroke where the ignition is arranged to take place, the explosion caused
thereby driving the piston from its position, allowing the products of combustion
to expand until the piston is about at half stroke when exhaust takes place,
but the exhaust valve E closes immediately atmospheric pressure is reached; and
as the piston advances towards the end of its stroke, a slight vacuum is formed
in the cylinder sufficient as to draw into the said cylinder the next charge of
combustible mixture.
At the commencement of the return stroke of the piston, the burnt products of
combustion still remaining in the cylinder will occupy that portion of the cylinder
nearest the end of the piston, consequently when the piston returns that portion
of the contents of the cylinder will be expelled through the exhaust port and
valve, and on the piston closing the port the same action takes place as already
described.
Although the above description only refers to the action of one cylinder it must
be understood that the corresponding cylinder and piston have the same or similar
action whereby the engine is rendered double acting.
Fig. 3 is sectional elevation, and Fig. 4 sectional plan of another arrangement
of double acting engine, in which case I employ two cylinders A and B placed
preferably side by side, and having trunk pistons C and D fitting therein, the
pistons being connected by separate rods to cranks E and F set opposite to each
other. At the end of each cylinder is the usual space or ignition chamber G, and
cominunicating with the chambers are the air and gas valves H actuated on the
out stroke of the piston as already described in the first part of this specification.
Secondly My invention relates to the employment of means for the better
controlling of gas motor engines, which is illustrated at Fig. 6 in the accompanying
Drawings, the means employed being applicable to all arrangements previously
described.
To carry out this part of my invention I place the governors K in a convenient
position to the exhaust valve E, which governors are connected to the valve
spindle a by lever 6 in such a manner that when the engine exceeds the prescribed

page_text: speed the exhaust valves will be lifted from their seats, whereby the vacuum in
the cylinder will be immediately destroyed consequently no combustible mixture
can be drawn into the cylinders until the vacuum is restored again which is
immediately done when the exhaust valves drop to their seats by the slackened
speed of the engine.
Thirdly. My invention relates to the means to be employed for igniting the
combustible gases, and this I propose to do by simple and effective means.
In order to carry out this part of my invention which is shewn in Fig. 7 and 8
which illustrates a pipe L preferably taper, which pipe I connect to the ignition
space of both cylinders such pipe being formed of one piece, or of two parts, but so
constructed that there is no through passage or communication as the pipe is made
with a solid part or stop piece c. One lamp or light will be sufficient to heat the
compound pipe to redness, so that as the combustible mixture is alternately
compressed into each pipe that ignition will be immediately produced in the
cylinders at the proper time by which means only one light is employed to ignite
the gases of two cylinders.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;
Firstly. The construction of gas motor engines substantially as herein described
and shewn in Figs 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, where two cylinders and
two pistons having the same cycle of operations, arranged to work in a direct line
in such manner that one revolution of the crank produces two ignitions of
combustible mixture.
Secondly. The construction of gas motor engines substantially as herein
described and shewn in Figs 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings, where two
cylinders and two pistons having the same cycle of operations and working side by
side all arranged and controlled as set forth so that one revolution of the crank
shaft produces two ignitions of combustible mixture.
Thirdly. The peculiarly constructed ignition pipe L for coupling together two
ignition chambers, whereby only one light is required to discharge the gases of
two cylinders.