Improvements in Lamps.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 15th Apr., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps.
1, PHILIP HATHAWAY, of 31 Wool Exchange, Coleman Street, in the City of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Sherman Cooper, of Westfield, in the State
of New Jersey, United States of America, Physician), and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to lamps, and particularly to that class of lamps which are
used in carriages and other vehicles, the object of my invention being to provide
improved means for the admission of air to the lamp, and for the escape of the
cooled carbonic acid gas and of the other products of combustion.
These objects are accomplished by, and this invention consists in, certain novel
features of construction and combination of parts as fully described hereinafter, and
particularly pointed out in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
Specification in which similar figures indicate corresponding parts in each figure.
Figure 1 is an elevation of my lamp, partly in section.
Figure 2 is a plan of lamp with a cover removed shewing baffle plates.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the floor of the lamp shewing deflector in the shape
of a circular disc.
Figure 4 is a plan view of the floor of the lamp shewing a modification of the
arrangement of floor holes and deflectors.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the candle tube provided with an external casing
shewn in section for the purposes hereinafter described.
In the above figures A is the lamp case. B the candle tube. C the floor of the
lamp. D, D, are holes in the floor or base of the lamp. D' is a disc shaped guard
or deflector surrounding the top of the candle tube and having its upper surface
convex. E is the lamp chimney provided with one or more vertical partitions or
baffle plates F, F, the upper end or ends of such partitions reaching to the top of
the chimney and the lower end or ends being arranged above the flame of the
burner.
F is an outer chimney or chimney casing provided with holes F, F, for the
admission of external air and for the escape of the heated and lighter products of
combustion.
G is a removable chimney cover.
H, H, are air tubes placed in the corners of the interior of the lamp case A, and
arranged so as to communicate at their upper ends either directly with the outer
air, or with the space between the inner and outer chimneys, where an outer
chimney or chimney casing is used.
The supply of air necessary for proper combustion is obtained partly through
the chimney E, and partly through the floor holes D, D. In some cases where the
internal area of the lamp is small and it is found desirable to increase the supply of
external air, as in bicycle lamps, I add the tubes H, H, but such tubes though
found in many cases to increase the efficiency of the lamp are not absolutely
ecessary for its proper working. It will be readily seen that in a lamp constructed
as described the air cannot enter in such a way as either to impinge in sudden gusts
gainst the flame, or so as to interfere with the escape of the carbonic acid gas
and other products of combustion.
By constructing the chimney with one or more partitions F (preferably with two
partitions) separate currents are established when the lamp is lighted, viz., a down

page_text: cast current of cold air, and an up cast current of smoke and other lighter products
of combustion, and no interference between these currents can take place, as
commonly happens in the ordinary carriage lamp when in rapid motion, the effect
of such interference being to cause imperfect combustion and a dull and smoky
flame.
In a lamp constructed in the manner shewn in the drawings, from whichever
quarter the cool external air may strike in the chimney one half of the chimney
will be protected from any down draft, and the ascending current will consequently
rise without any impediment. This construction has the further advantage that
the cool or descending current will become heated by contact with the partitions or
baffle plates F, F, thereby causing more perfect combustion, and also checking the
cooling of the carbonic acid gas and diminishing its tendency as in ordinary
carriage lamps to fall owing to rapid cooling and lie on the floor of the lamp,
thereby at times submerging the wick and so extinguishing the flame of
the lamp.
To still further guard against the tendency of the cooled carbonic gas to choke
the flame which is the chief cause of carriage lamps burning dimly and becoming
extinguished, I provide holes or perforations D, D, in the floor or base of the
lamp below the burner and I place over such holes the deflecting disc or guard D¹,
the upper surface of such disc being of a convex form.
It will be readily seen that any cooled carbonic acid gas falling to the bottom
or floor of the lamp case will roll off or be deflected by the upper convex surface
of the disc D¹ and will pass out through the holes D, D, in the floor or base of
the lamp.
Such disc also prevents any sudden up rush of air (such as might be caused by a
sudden jolt of the vehicle) impinging on the flame and causing an unsteadiness of
light or displacing a stratum of carbonic acid gas, and so extinguishing the flame
or impeding its proper combustion. In some cases I obtain the same results by
placing guards D2, D2, over the holes D, D, as shewn in Figure 4; in this mode of
construction I arrange the holes in pairs as shewn in the drawing by which
arrangement a current of cold air will enter through one hole of each pair and a
current of cooled carbonic acid gas and of the other heavier products of combustion
. will escape through the other holes of each pair.
By extending the guards D', D', to within a short distance from the corners of
the lamp floor C, the air entering through the holes D is deflected in such a way
against the sides of the lamp case as to prevent any direct draft against the flame,
while by the combined action of the air entering through the chimney and through
the holes in the lamp floor, a sufficient and equable supply of air is obtained to
ensure proper combustion. In some cases I place around the candle tube B an
outer casing J, and so arrange the holes D, D, as that they shall communicate with
the air space or reservoir between such outer casing and the candle tube, such
outer casing being provided with perforations K around its base. By this arrange-
ment the possibility of any sudden inrush of external air is still further guarded
against; Figure 4 shews this modification of my invention.
In the drawings I have shewn my invention as applied to a carriage lamp in
which a candle is used, but it is obvious that it is equally applicable to lamps that
burn oil or other illuminants. It is also applicable to railway lamps, and other
forms of lamps and lanterns, especially to such as are used when in motion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a lamp, a chimney having one or more vertical partitions or baffle plates
forming two or more vertical passages in the chimney, the lower end or ends of
such partition or partitions being arranged above the flame of the lamp as and for
the purposes described.
2. In a lamp the combination of a deflecting disc or guard placed around the upper

page_text: end of the candle tube with holes or perforations in the floor or base of the lamp
substantially as described.
3. In a lamp the combination of holes or perforations in the floor or base of the
lamp with deflecting guards placed over such holes in manner described.
4. In a lamp the air tubes H, H, as and for the purposes specified.
5. In a lamp the combination of an external chimney provided with perforations,
with an inner chimney provided with one or more vertical partitions or baffle plates
substantially as shewn and described.
6. In a lamp, the combination of a chimney provided with one or more vertical
partitions or baffle plates with an external perforated chimney or casing and holes
or perforations in the floor or base of the lamp as and for the purposes specified.
7. In a lamp, the combination of a chimney constructed with one or more
vertical passages, with the air tubes H, H, and holes or perforations in the floor or
base of the lamp as and for the purposes specified.
8. In a lamp, the combination with a vertically divided chimney with a candle
tube provided with an outer perforated casing substantially as described.
9. In a lamp the combination of a vertically divided chimney with a deflecting
disc or deflecting guards placed over perforations or holes in the floor or base of
the lamp substantially as described.
Dated this 9th dow of Maack 1002
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.