CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, TOOLS, OR APPARATUS FOR TURNING, BORING, PLANEING AND CUTTING METAL AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
FLETCHER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Manager of the Works
of William Collier and Company, of Salford aforesaid, Machinists and Tool
Makers, and THOMAS FULLER, of Salford aforesaid, Machinist and Tool Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of March
now last past, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
the said James Fletcher and Thomas Fuller, their exors, admors, and assigns,
Her especial licence that we, the said James Fletcher and Thomas Fuller,
our exors, admňors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Fletcher
and Thomas Fuller, our exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might nake, use, exereise, and
vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, TOOLS, OR APPARATUS FOR
TURNING, BORING, PLANEING AND CUTTING METAL AND OTHER MATERIALS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging us, the said James
Fletcher and Thomas Fuller, by an instrument in writing under our hands
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, particularly to describe.
and ascertain the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same.

page_text: is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same
Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
James Fletcher and Thomas Fuller, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention to consist,-
First, in certain combinations and arrangements of machinery or apparatus,
forming a double self-acting sliding and surfacing lathe.
Secondly, in an improved apparatus for boring out the cylinders of loco-
motive engines, which apparatus is attached to the cylinder to be bored out,
and may be used in boring out other cylinders which cannot easily be removed
to a lathe or boring machine.
Thirdly, in a tool or apparatus for planing the facings of slide valves of loco-
motive engines when in their places, and which tool or apparatus may also be
used for various other purposes.
Fourthly, in a tool or apparatus for making true or resurfaceing the faceings
of slide valves of marine or stationary engines when in their places, and which
tool or apparatus may also be used for various other purposes.
Fifthly, in an addition to the slotting machine, by the aid of which the
cutting tool is supported nearer to its working edge; and in the application
to slotting machines of excentric elliptical wheels, for diminishing the speed
of the down stroke, and increasing the speed of the up stroke of the cutting
tool.
And, lastly, in a new combination and arrangement of machinery or appa-
ratus forming a machine for slotting, planing, and shaping metals or other
materials.
And, in further compliance with the said proviso, we will now proceed to.
describe the manner in which our Invention may be carried into effect, and in.
order that it may be fully understood we will refer to the six Sheets of
Drawings hereunto annexed, which are made to the scales marked upon
them.
turning the axles of railway carriages, and other articles of the same descrip-
tion; Fig. 2 is a plan view of part of the same lathe; and Fig. 3 is an end
elevation of the same, taken partly in section, to shew the means of working

page_text: the slide rests; Fig. 4 is an ond elevation of the bracket and plate, which are
used as a substitute for a loose headstock; and Fig. 5 is a plan view of part
of the apparatus for disconnecting the slide rests. On Sheet 2, Fig. 6 repre-
sents an elevation, taken partly in section, of our improved machinery for
boring out the cylinders of locomotive engines in their places; Fig. 7 is a plan
view, and Fig. 8 another elevation of the same. On Sheet 3, Fig. 9 is a sido
elevation of our improved machinery for planeing the valve faceings of loco-
motive, marine, and other engine cylinders in their places; Fig 10 is a plan
view, and Fig. 11 is an end elevation of the same; Fig. 12 is a sectional
elevation of part of the above machinery for planeing. On Sheet 4, Fig. 13
is a sectional elevation of machinery or apparatus for making true the
faceings of D and other shaped valves; Fig. 14 is an end elevation of the
same; Fig. 15 is a view of the tool holder and its adjuncts; and Fig. 16 is a
view of the driving end of the apparatus. Both these views are taken from
the under side of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 13. On Sheet 5, Fig. 17
represents a front elevation of a slotting machine to which our improvements
are applied; Fig. 18 is a side elevation of the same, the driving pulleys and
some other parts being omitted, for the better illustration of our improvements.
On Sheet 6, Fig. 19 is a front elevation of our improved machine for slotting,
planeing, and shaping, and Fig. 20 is a side elevation of the same.
Our improvements in machinery, tools, or apparatus for turning, are shewn
in the various Figures of Sheet 1, which represent a lathe particularly appli-
cable to turning the axles of railway carriages and waggons, but which may
also be used for various other purposes. a represents the double bed, which
Iwe cast of one piece with the stand b and the uprights c, c, which receive tho
brasses for the hollow spindle d to run in, and support also the back shaft e.
The driving pulleys f are fixed on the shaft e, and may be turned round by a
The
strap actuated by the steam engine or any other motive power. spur
pinion g is also fixed on the shaft e and drives the wheel h fixed on the hollow
spindle d. i represents a loose headstock, of the ordinary construction,
mounted on the right side of the bed a; and k is a bracket, which slides on
the plate mounted on the left-hand side of the bed a. The article to be
turned is supported by the centres, fixed at one end to the bracket k, and
The rotary motion
at the other end to the spindle of the loose headstock i.
is given to the said article by means of an apparatus known by the
name of a "Clement's driver," which is attached. to the face plate d'
cast at one end of the hollow spindle d, acting on an ordinary clamp,
bolted to the article in the lathe. m, m, are the slide rests and carriages,
which are made to travel along the bed a by means of the grooved shaft n

page_text: driven by the wheel o on the spindle d. The wheel drives the wheel p,
revolving on a stud' attached to the bed a, and on the same stud is a
pinion q, which gears into the wheel n¹ fixed on the grooved shaft n. When
the lathe is used for sliding a railway axle or other article, the following
contrivance, which is in general use, may be adopted for giving the necessary
inotion to the slides m, m, by the grooved shaft n, which is provided with two
worms r, one only of them being seen by the dotted lines in Fig. 1; these
worms have keys fixed in them, which enter into the grooves of the shaft n,
and consequently revolve with the shaft. The worms r take into the worm
wheels s fixed to the lower extremity of the shafts t, to the upper end of
which is forged or fixed the mitre pinion u; this pinion takes into a similar
pinion u¹ on the shaft v, which revolves in bearings made in the slide m; this
pinion is connected to the shaft v by a key taking into a groove in the shaft.
On the shaft v is fixed the spur pinion v¹, working in the spur wheel w, fixed
to the short shaft w³, and the rack pinion w is fixed on the other end of the
shaft w; this pinion w³ enters into gear with the rack x, which is fixed to
the lathe bed a, consequently, the rotary motion given to the shaft n is con-
verted into a lateral motion of the slides m by the means above named. The
lathe may be prepared for surfacing, as is well known to mechanics, by the
attendant pushing the shaft v in the direction of the arrow on Fig. 3, thus
moving the pinion v' out of gear with the wheel w, and disconnecting the slide
rests m from the rack x, and at the same time bringing the wheel v² into gear
with the spur pinion m', which is fixed to the end of a screw revolving in
bearings in the bottom plate of the slide rests. The revolving motion of the
shaft n will now impart a traversing motion to the upper portion of the slide
rests m by means of the worms r, worm wheels s, upright shaft t, mitre
pinions u and u¹, shaft v, spur wheel ³, and the pinion m' already described.
If it should be found necessary to disconnect the slides m from the grooved
shaft n, the mitre pinion ¹ may be drawn out of gear with the pinion u, by
means of the lever y, shewn in Figs. 1, 3, and 5. The pinion u¹ is provided S
with a boss having a grooved recess turned in it, in which a fork attached to
the rod y catches; this rod being hinged to the lever y draws the pinions u
and u out of gear when requisite. When the axle or other article that has
been turned is ready to be taken out of the lathe, the attendant withdraws the
centre fixed in the spindle of the loose headstock i, and then, after slackening S
the nut k¹ which secures the bracket to the plate l, pushes the said bracket
to one side, as seen by the red lines in Fig. 4; the clamp which connected the.
axle to the Clements' driver is then removed, and the axle is at liberty to be
drawn out through the hollow tube or spindle d..

page_text: Our improved machinery or apparatus for boring out the cylinders of
locomotive engines in their places is represented in the various Figures of
Sheet 2. In Fig. 6 the cylinder A is shewn in section, in order that the con-
struction of the boring apparatus may be more clearly seen. B, B, are two
brackets bolted to the outer end of the cylinder A; C is a strong cast-iron
plate bolted to the brackets B, and provided with a hole for the bush D, which
supports the boring bar E, and communicates a rotary motion to it by means
of the bevel wheel F; the plate C has two bearings attached to it, which,
support the driving shaft G; H is the bevel pinion taking into the wheel F;.
and I is the fly wheel, from which a handle projects, and by turning this
handle the necessary motion is given to the boring bar. In case it should be,
found more convenient to turn the boring bar by steam power, the fly wheel
may be taken away and a pair of fast and loose pullies substituted in its stead..
The fast and loose pulleys would in this case be fitted on the end of the shaft G.
The end of the boring bar E must be made to fit into the socket of the stuffing.
box, or into some other suitable bush provided for it in the stuffing-box end of.
the cylinder, as shewn in Fig. 6. K is the moveable boring head, or that part
of the apparatus in which the steel cutters L are fixed; and M is the boring.
head which fits on the boring bar, and is provided with a nut N, into which is
screwed the screw O, extending the whole length of the boring bar. The
screw O. revolves with the boring bar E, but it has also a rotary motion:
round its own axis, imparted to it by the following well-known combination of
wheels and pinions:-P is a pinion mounted loosely on a stud fixed into the
end of the boring bar; to this pinion is attached the weight. Q, by means of
a link, clearly shewn in Fig. 6. The wheel R takes into the teeth of the
pinion P, and revolves on a stud fixed in a bracket bolted to the boring bar ;,
the pinion S is fast to the boss of the wheel R, and gears into the wheel T
fixed to the end of the screw O. The pinion S and wheel T are made so that
they can easily be replaced by others having more or less teeth. When the.
boring bar is set in motion, the weight of the ball Q prevents the pinion P
from turning round, and a rotary motion is given to the wheel R by the com-
bined action of the boring bar and the resistance of the teeth in the pinion P,
thereby giving motion to the screw O, and by it and the nut N to the boring
head K, which is gradually moved from one end of the cylinder to the other
in the direction of the arrow shewn in Fig. 6. The speed at which the boring
head moves is regulated according to circumstances by the number of teeth in
the change pinion S and wheel T. If, owing to any accident the cutters should
catch into the metal of the cylinder under operation, the weight of the ball Q
will not be sufficient to move the train of wheels and pinions marked P, R, S,

page_text: and T, but the ball will be carried round with the boring bar without causing
the boring head to advance until the apparatus is stopped.
In Sheet 3, Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 represent different views of our apparatus
for planing the valve facings of locomotive engine cylinders in their places,
or other articles to which the said apparatus may be applied. In these views
1 is the cylinder of a locomotive engine, and 2 is the surface which has to
be planed over or made true; 3 is a strong cast-iron bracket bolted to the
cylinder end; and 4 is a plate bolted to the bracket 3; the slide 5 works
in the plate 4, and is held in its position laterally by the V-shaped recesses,
shewn distinctly in Fig. 11. The diagonal stay 6 is bolted below to the
cylinder end, and above it is connected to the plate 4, to which it gives
support by means of a bolt passing through the upper portion of the stay 6;
and through the two projections cast-with the plate 4. A rack 7.is fixed:
in the lower part of the slide 5, and the pinion 8, which is fixed on the shaft
9, gears into the rack 7. The shaft 9 revolves in the plate 4, and is provided.
with a cross handle 10, which is turned round by hand, thereby giving motion.
to the cutting tool, as will be herein-after described. The slide 5 has a:
circular recess near one end, into which the boss of the radial arm 11 is fitted,.
as seen in the sectional elevation, Fig. 12. The lower part of the boss of.
the radial arm is provided with a ring 12, the outer circumference of which
is V shaped; this ring is screwed to the radial arm by the screws 13, and fits:
into a suitable recess in the slide 5. If the radial arm 11 becomes loose from
the wearing of the ring 12 or of the recess in which it works, the radial arm
may be set to its proper degree of tightness by screwing up the screws 13,
which fasten the ring to the radial arm. The short vertical slide 14 fits on.
to the V's projecting from the radial arm 11, and the tool holder 15 is hinged
to the slide 14, as seen in the Drawing. The screw 16 takes into a nut
fixed to the slide 14, and is for the purpose of regulating the depth of cut
when the tool is fixed in the tool holder. The radial arm 11 is made in the:
same piece as the segment of a worm wheel marked 17, and the segments
18 are made of separate pieces screwed to the radial arm, so that they may
be easily removed when this apparatus is required for planing out an opening.
in which there would not be sufficient room for an entire segment of the
size shewn in Fig. 10. The worm 19 takes into the segments 17 and 18,
and is fixed on a short shaft 20, revolving in holes provided in the slide 5.
To the shaft 20 is also fixed a ratchet wheel 21, which is acted upon by the
click 22, hinged on a stud fixed in one end of the lever 23. The other end
of this lever is brought in contact at every move of the slide 5 with the stud.
24, which is fixed to the plate 4, thereby giving motion to the ratchet wheel.

page_text: 21 and worm 19, at the same time causing the 'radial arm and tool holder
to perform a small portion of a revolution, or sufficient to take a fresh cut
laterally on the article to be planed. The stud 24 is made so that it can-
be fixed to any convenient position to suit the length of move that is given.
to the slide 5 or surface to be planed over. When the apparatus has been
bolted to the end of the cylinder, the valve facings of which require to be
repaired, the radial arm and tool holder must be brought into the position
shown by dotted lines in Fig. 10, and the apparatus is worked by hand, as
has been previously described, until the whole surface of the valve seating
has been planed over.
The apparatus which we will now describe is particularly applicable for
surfacing the seatings of D or other shaped valves of marine or stationary.
engines, and it is shown in the various Figures on Sheet 4 of the Drawings.
b
In Figs. 13 and 14, a is part of the cylinder; and 6 is the casing in which
the D valve works; c, c, are the facing pieces or seatings, which have to be
made true without taking them out of their places and without removing
the casing b; d is a long plate, attached near one end to the bracket e, which,
in this instance, passes through an opening provided for the purpose of packing
the D valve; the bracket e is bolted to the bracket e¹, secured to the casing:
b, as clearly shewn in Fig. 13; the plate d is also attached to the end of
the casing 6 by a strong flange f, bolted to the flange of the casing, as seen
best in Fig. 14. The method of fixing the plate must be made to suit
the peculiar construction of the engine to which this apparatus is applied.
The plate d projects sufficiently through the casing 6 to enable the tool holder
slide g to be placed in its proper position for commencing its work on the
scatings c, without interfering with the driving apparatus, which is very
similar to the one already described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 of Sheet 2.
The fly wheel i is moved' by hand or other power, and is fast on the shaft
, to which is also fixed the bevil pinion 2, gearing into the wheel h; the
shaft revolves in a bush 3, bolted to the end of the plate d. The wheel h,.
which is only partly shewn in Fig. 14, is made with a long boss, revolving
in a bearing provided for it in the plate d, and the shaft h', on which the
wheel h fits easily, is made with a groove to receive the key let into the
wheel h. By this means a rotary motion is given to the shaft h¹ from the.
fly wheel i, and the shaft is also at liberty to move longitudinally through;
the wheel h, to give the necessary advancing motion to the cutting tool.
k is a square slide, which traverses along the plate d, and is held to it by
V-shaped guides in the ordinary manner. The slide k has a nut fixed to it,.
which takes into the screw ; this screw revolves in bearings at each end.

page_text: The
of the slide d, and has a slow rotary motion imparted to it by the stud,
fixed in a slot in the wheel h, as seen in Fig. 14. Every revolution of the
wheel brings the stud h in contact with the lever l, which hinges loosely
on the projecting end of the screw l. To the lever is hinged a click ',
which takes into the teeth of the wheel fixed on the screw 1, consequently
every time the lever is elevated by the stud h³ the click causes the wheel
13 to move through a small portion of a revolution, and as the wheel is
fast on the screw it imparts a corresponding motion to the screw.
lever after being elevated descends again by the action of a spring or other
suitable means, and bears upon a stop, as seen in Fig. 14. The spur wheel
m, which revolves on a stud fixed to the plate d, and takes into the wheel
, is provided with a handle m', and is for the purpose of turning the screw
back when the cutting tool has completed its work, or when it is otherwise
necessary to withdraw the slide k. The shaft is put together in several
pieces with sockets and pins, as shewn in the Drawing, to avoid the incon-
veniences arising from a long shaft projecting beyond the bevil wheel k when
surfacing the upper seating c, and it is supported at the lower end in a
fixed to the end of the
bearing attached to the plate k. The bevil pinion
shaft l, gears into the bevil wheel n, which is cast with or otherwise fixed to
the circular plate n'. This plate has V-shaped projections on it for guiding
the tool-holder slide g, therefore the rotary motion of the shaft / is imparted
to the tool-holder slide by the means just described. The cutting tool o is
held in the tool holder p by two set screws, and the tool holder is made
to slide up and down in a diagonal direction in the V grooves, made for
that purpose in the tool-holder slide g. It will be evident from the above
description that this apparatus can be applied for facing the valve seatings
of D valves by merely removing the cover or lid of the casing b, and
when the cutting tool o is set, the attendant by turning the handle pro-
jecting from the fly wheel i will cause the tool o to perform either entire
circles or segments of circles, as shewn by the dotted line in Fig. 15, and the
slide k to advance gradually until the whole surface of the seating or seatings
is faced. By altering the distance between the cutting tool o and the centre
of the wheel n, by means of the screw g¹ acting on the tool-holder slide g, a
broader or narrower seating may be surfaced over by the above-described
apparatus.
We will now proceed to describe our improvements in slotting machines,
which are shewn on Sheet 5 of the Drawings. In Figs. 17 and 18, the
standards a are bolted to a strong bottom plate b, and united together by
the cross piece c in the usual manner. The requisite motion is given to the

page_text: machine by a driving strap passing over either of the speed pulleys d, which,
together with the fly wheel and pinion e, revolve loosely upon the end of
the shaft f. The spur wheel g is driven by the pinion e, and it is keyed on
the shaft i, near the other extremity of which is keyed the excentric elliptical
wheel k, gearing into a similar wheel m fixed on the shaft f. The connecting
rod is connected below to the disk n, and above to the tool-holder slide o in
the usual manner, but the slide o, instead of working in grooves provided
for it in the cross piece c, works in grooves made to receive it in the adjustable
slide p, which is bolted to the cross piece c by the bolts q. The slide p has
four slots in it for the bolts q to pass through, and by means of these slots the
height of the slide p from the table r may be regulated according to the depth
of the article that is being operated upon. The wheels k and m are so
proportioned that the upward stroke of the tool is performed in about one-half
or one-third of the time required for the down stroke of the same. The other
parts of this machine are similar to those in general use, and it is therefore
unnecessary to enter more fully into the details; the traversing motion is
given to the slide or table r by the usual mechanism from the vertical shaft
seen in Fig. 17, and the grooved cam t fixed on the shaft f. The angle of the
tabler is varied by the double wedge u acted upon by the screw v.
under side of the bottom slide bears upon the double wedge x, as seen in the
Drawing, consequently by moving the double wedge u backwards or forwards,
the front part of the table is raised or lowered.
The
Our improved machine for slotting, planing, and shaping is shown in
the Figs. 19 and 20 of Sheet 6. The standards 1 are bolted to the founda-
tion plate 2, and are united above by the cross piece 3. To each of the
standards 1 the brackets with circular flanges 4 are bolted, and these two
brackets are connected by the cross slide 5. The principal novelty in this
machine consists in being able to swivel the cross slide 5 through about
three-fourths of a circle, thereby enabling the cutting tool 6 to be used
when set to any angle, and when the cross slide 5 is set in a horizontal
or diagonal position, the tool 7 can be used for planing. The requisito
motion is communicated to the various parts of this machino by a driving
strap acting on a pulley fixed to the shaft 8, see Fig. 19; a pair of mitre
wheels 9 gives motion to the vertical shaft 10, in which is a long groove
to receive a key fixed on the bevil pinion 11, the pinion is therefore at liberty
to be moved up and down on the shaft 10, but is turned round by it, owing to
the key in the pinion taking into the groove of the shaft. The bevil pinion 11
gives motion to the wheel 12, fixed on the shaft 13, which revolves in bearings
fixed to the brackets 4. The spur pinion 14 drives the wheel 15 fixed on a

page_text: shaft whose centre corresponds to the centre of the flanges of the brackets 4.
The rack pinion 16, shewn by dotted lines in Fig. 19, takes into the teeth of the
rack 17 and moves the cutting tool 6 up and down, being fixed at the back of the
tool-holder slide 18. The length of the upward and downward motion of the
slide 18 may be varied by the lever 19* and a combination of shafts and levers,
very similar to those employed in planing machines of the ordinary construc-
tion, acting on the driving pulleys, and set in motion by the moveable tappets
19 attached to the slide 18. The inclination of the cross slide 5 is altered by
the worm 20, which gears into the worm wheel 21 fixed to the right-hand
side of the cross slide 5, as shewn in Fig. 19. By placing a handle on the
square end of the worm shaft and turning it round, the slide is set to the
proper angle, and it is retained there by the bolts 22, the heads of which enter
into circular grooves in the flanges of the brackets 4. From the centre of
these brackets a boss projects, which enters into a recess turned in the cross
slide 5, as seen by dotted lines in Fig. 19. When this machine is required
for planing, the cross slide 5 must be brought from the vertical to the hori-
zontal position, as shewn in red lines in Fig. 20; this is effected by the
attendant turning round the worm 20 until the worm wheel 21 has performed
a quarter of a revolution, the tool 7 is then brought into the proper position
for planing, and the action of the machine continues the same as before the
amount of cut given to the tool 7, being governed by moving the top sides 24
and 25. The slide 24 is moved by the slide 25, the traversing of which
is effected by the ordinary means well known to persons conversant with
this class of machinery, and therefore not necessary to be particularly
described.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, we wish it to be understood that wo
do not lay claim to any of the parts herein-before referred to taken separately;
but what we do claim as of our Invention of improvements in machinery,
tools, or apparatus for turning, boring, planeing, and cutting metals and other
materials, consists,-
First, in the general combination and arrangement of the double self-acting
sliding and surfacing lathe, as herein-before shewn and described in reference
to Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Secondly, in the peculiar combination and arrangement of apparatus for
boring out the cylinders of locomotive engines and other articles in their
places, as herein-before described and particularly shewn in the Drawings in
Sheet 2 hereto annexed.
Thirdly, in planing the facings of locomotive and other engine slide valves in

page_text: their places by the tool or apparatus herein-before described with reference to
Sheet 3 of the Drawings, or by any modification of the same.
Fourthly, in surfacing the seatings of D or other shaped valves in their
places by the tool or apparatus herein-before described with reference to
Sheet 4 of the Drawings.
Fifthly, in the application to slotting machines of an adjustable slide, such
as that marked p in Sheet 5, and the eccentric elliptical wheels marked k and
m, and the apparatus for varying the angle of the table marked w, v, and a in
the same Sheet, for the purposes herein-before described.
And lastly, in the general combination and arrangement of parts forming
the slotting, planing, and shaping machine, herein-before shewn and described
by reference to Sheet 6 of the Drawings hereto annexed.
And such our Invention being to the best of our knowledge and belief entirely
new, and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, we do hereby declare this to be our
Specification of the same, and that we do verily believe this our said Speci-
fication doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise,
with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
contained; wherefore we do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and
privilege to our said Invention.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Fletcher and Thomas Fuller,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-sixth day of
September, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.