Improvements in Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Vehicles and in the Method of Attaching or Fixing the same.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Vehicles and in
the Method of Attaching or Fixing the same.
I WILLIAM BEALE of 33 Totteridge Road Battersea in the County of Middlesex,
Builder do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-:
This invention relates to improvements in rubber and other elastic tyres for the
wheels of vehicles (such as hansom cabs, bicycles, tricycles and other like vehicles)
and also to the method of arranging mounting fixing or attaching the same-my
present improvements being more especially designed for the tyres of hansom cabs."
Heretofore it has been found very difficult to firmly and securely attach such
elastic tyres to the wheels of hansom cabs-as they have soon come off in
general use.
Now I have found that by making such tyres of varying density or elasticity and
inserting small strips or plates or a continuous perforated band (advantageously of
metal such as steel) in the body of the tyre when moulding the same and after-
wards vulcanizing it that such tyres can be very securely and firmly attached to
the wheels (over iron tyres of special construction) by means of screws or other
fastenings screwed through such metal strips or plates into "tapped "holes in the
metal tyre.
For this purpose I make the under part of the elastic tyre of a compound (such
as rubber and cement) of a dense and almost inelastic nature and then lay in any
suitable number of the aforesaid strips or plates or band (already drilled and having
numerous other small holes therein to allow of the rubber compound passing through)
and then over these is laid a more elastic rubber compound (or it may be pure rubber)
and the whole is finished and vulcanized in the usual or any suitable way.
In place of using the aforesaid compounds rubber only may be used for the tyre
the aforesaid plates or strips or band of metal being laid in the body thereof all round
as before.

page_text: The metal tyre of the wheel is formed to receive these tyres by having a rib or
raised rim on each side of the top (and a beading or projection on the side only outer-
most from the vehicle to act as a guard against the kerb etc.) and in the groove or
channel thus formed the tyre is kept in position and secured by screws as before
described.
Holes are formed in the elastic tyre to allow these screws to be inserted and may
be plugged
or filled up to the outer surface thereafter with the same material the plug
holes being dovetailed or undercut to prevent plugs coming out.

page_text: DI BOLTIVATION.
Improvements in Elastic Tyres for the Wheels of Vehicles and in
the Method of Attaching or Fixing the same.
I WILLIAM BEALE of 33 Totteridge Road Battersea in the County of Middlesex
Builder do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in rubber and other elastic tyres for the
wheels of vehicles (such as hansom cabs bicycles tricycles and other like vehicles)
and also to the method of arranging mounting fixing or attaching the same-my
present improvements in the fixing being more especially designed for the tyres for
the wheels of vehicles such as hansom cabs.
Heretofore it has been found very difficult to firmly and securely attach such elastic
tyres to the wheels of hansom cabs and other vehicles as they soon come off tear
apart and are otherwise damaged in general use.
Now I have found that by making such tyres of varying hardness or elasticity and
inserting small strips or plates or a continuous perforated band (advantageously of
metal such as steel) in the bodies of the tyres when moulding the same and after-
wards vulcanizing them that such tyres can be very securely and firmly attached to
the metal tyres of the wheels by means of screws or other fastenings.
For this purpose I make the under part of the elastic tyre of a compound (such as
rubber and cement) of a dense hard and almost inelastic nature and then lay in any
suitable number of the aforesaid strips plates or a continuous band (already drilled
and having numerous other small holes therein to allow of the rubber compound
passing through) and then over these is laid a more elastic rubber compound of rubber
and cement or other materials (or if desired it may be pure rubber) and the whole is
finished and vulcanized in the usual or any suitable way.
In place of using the aforesaid compounds rubber only may be used for the tyre
the aforesaid plates or strips or band of metal being laid in the body thereof all round
as before.
The metal tyre of the wheel is formed to receive these tyres by having a rib or
raised rim on each side of the top (and a beading or projection on the side only outer-
most from the vehicle to act as a guard against the kerb etc.) and in the groove or
channel thus formed the tyre is kept in position and secured by screws or other
fastenings as before described or any other suitable form of metal tyre may be formed
to receive my improved elastic tyre.
And in order the better and more fully to explain my present invention and my
improved manner of attaching or fixing elastic tyres to the wheels of vehicles
I will proceed to describe my said invention with reference to the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows an external side view in elevation of a part of a wheel and elastic
tyre secured thereon in accordance with my improvements.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a wheel having elastic tyre attached complete.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 are cross sectional views of the felloe and tyres showing
various modifications of my improvements in fastening or securing the elastic tyre.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
a is the elastic tyre. b the metal tyre with flanges 61 and 62 respectively as shown,
these flanges being of a similar character to those described and illustrated in the
specification and drawings of an invention for which I received Letters Patent
No. 11987 of 1887. c is the felloe of the wheel and d the plate strip or band
advantageously made of steel embedded in the elastic tyre.
Referring to Figure 3 the elastic tyre a is secured or fastened to the wheel as
follows:-
The plate or band d has suitable nipples or pieces d' forged or mounted thereon at
suitable distances apart and these are tapped to receive the end of a screw e which is
inserted from the underside of the felloe c as shown and the hole countersunk for
the head of this screw e afterwards plugged or filled with a plug f.
The elastic tyre is thus securely attached and retained on the iron tyre between
the flanges b¹ and 6² thereof.
Figure 4-shows-añother modification in which the screw g is inserted from the
outside.
The screw g passes through the plate d and the metal tyre which latter is bored
(and also tapped if desired) to admit of the said screw passing through into the
felloe and thus firmly secures the elastic tyre a to the wheel between the flanges b¹ b²
as shown.
The hole in the elastic tyre a for the passage of the screw g is afterwards plugged
or filled пр with a rubber plug has shown.
Figure 5 shows another and very advantageons method of securing and fixing
olastic tyres to the wheels of vehicles.
In this arrangement a pin or projection i is forged on or secured to the plate strip
or band d and a hole formed in the metal tyre to allow this pin i to pass through into
a cavity or recess cut or formed in the felloe c, through the pin ia transverse hole
is bored to receive a wedge shaped key or cotter m as shown and thus firmly secures
and holds the elastic tyre on to the wheel of the vehicle as shown.
A wood plug n is then inserted in the hole or cavity k to fill up the outer end of
same and also assists to keep the cotter m in its proper position.
Figure 6 shows a plan of one of these improved fastenings d with pin i thereon-
which fastenings are embedded in the elastic tyre during construction suitable holes
being formed in the mould at suitable distances apart for the pins or projecting
parts to enter while the tyre is being made.
In either of the three modifications shown any suitable numbers of such fastenings
may be used and it will be obvious that other methods of fastening my improved
compound elastic tyre may be used if desired.
In constructing my improved elastic tyres the lower part or "sole" a' is formed (in
a suitable mould) of a compound of rubber and cement or other material or materials
(which forms the subject matter of another application by me for Letters Patent) or
other suitable materials of a hard and almost inelastic nature and the band plates or
strips are then laid in and then over these is laid the more elastic rubber compound
(or it may be pure rubber) a and the whole adhering and consolidating into one solid
body of varying hardness with the plates & embedded as shown and thereby this
elastic tyre is secured to the metal tyre in any of the aforesaid manners the hard
"sole" a' offering sufficient resistance to the plates band or strips d to draw the elastic
tyre down tightly and also prevents such plates strips or band from tearing or being
torn out of the elastic tyre, while at the same time by reason of its cheaper material
effecting considerable economy both in the first costs and in subsequent repairs, fo

page_text: when the outer wearing surfaces a of these tyres are worn down etc. they can be
readily refaced by removing the old worn part a placing the old hard "sole" in the
mould and forming thereon another surface a thus reproducing the tyre practically as
good as new.
Another advantage obtained by my present improvements is that any damaged or
injured part of these elastic tyres can be cut out and a new piece secured in its place
in the aforesaid manners thus saving the cost of an entirely new tyre.
"
By "elastic" tyres I mean any tyres which are noiseless and silent in travelling
over hard roads such as roadways or streets laid with stone blocks or pitchers"
" and
my improved method of fixing and securing elastic tyres by a band strips or
plates embedded in the body thereof is equally applicable (where suitable) to any
noiseless tyres whether made of rubber, rubber compounds or of other suitable
materials.
By the aforesaid combination of a suitable cement (advantageously "Portland"
cement) with rubber a very durable and wear resisting compound is produced and
this constitutes an important and valuable part of my present improvements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
« sole
"
1. Elastic tyres for the wheels of certain vehicles having the lower part or
of a harder or less elastic nature than the upper or wearing surface with a band strips
or plates of any suitable material (advantageously steel) embedded in these tyres for
the purpose of securing the same to the wheels of the vehicles by screws pins or other
suitable fastenings substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of cement with rubber for making elastic tyres for the wheels
of vehicles substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth.
3. The improved method of attaching and securing elastic tyres to the wheels of
certain vehicles by means of embedding in such elastic tyres a band strips or plates
(advantageously steel) through into or onto which screws or other fastenings act to
hold the said tyres securely on the wheels of the vehicle substantially as herein before
set forth.
4. The improved method of attaching and securing the elastic tyres on the wheels
of certain vehicles substantially in the manner herein before described with reference
to Figures 3 4 and 5 of the drawings hereunto annexed.
5. The improved construction of elastic tyres for the wheels of vehicles and the
method of arranging mounting and fixing the same on the wheels of certain vehicles
substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and represented
in the drawings hereunto annexed.
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