Improvements in or connected with Coverings for Surfaces.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 11th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Coverings for Surfaces.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68, Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to protective coverings for surfaces, and more
particularly the surfaces of corrodible materials such as iron or steel which are
applied in the form of paint or pigment; and the object and effect of the inven
tion is chiefly to provide a covering of this type in black or white, or colours,
which when applied to the surface of the material, say iron or steel, will in
the first place protect it against corrosion, and will further resist the action of
heat such as the highest tropical temperatures of sun heat, and also of water;
and furthermore, will last a very long time.
The invention will be described as applied to metal surfaces, say iron or steel,
which it is chiefly intended for; but at the same time it is to be understood
that it may be applied, in whole or in part, to other surfaces where its protec-
tive characteristics would be advantageous or serviceable.
According to this invention, the metal surface, which should, preferably, be
clean, such as that of new iron or steel work, or that which has been cleaned
by wire brushes or equivalent means, is first provided with a covering of a more
or less porous nature, namely, a covering of a suitable cement, such as Port-
land cement, Portland cement and silicate of soda mixed, Roman cement, and
the like, which, say, is applied to the surface as a paint by a brush. This is
allowed to dry, and over this surface is applied a paint or pigment comprised
of a colouring matter such as red, white, blue, flesh colour, or black, or the
like, of any suitable kind, and a mild adhesive, such as milk, a solution of glue,
albumen, or the like. These materials are mixed up in a suitable way well
known to paint makers, and this mixture is applied over the porous base on the
surface of the metal in the manner of a paint by brushes; after which it is
allowed to dry by air; and then when it is dried, it is covered with a finishing
covering of silicate of soda, or silicate of potash, or comprising such a silicate.
And this, again, after being air dried is, in some cases, covered or coated with a
cover of suitable hydro-carbon oil or grease, such as vaseline, paraffin wax,
black varnish, or their equivalents.
In some cases, the covering pigment or paint is applied direct to the iron or
steel surface; and then the silicate of soda or potash is applied as above
described; but this covering is only suitable to surfaces which are not subject
to being submerged or under water; and is not so good as the protective cover-
ing as that first described.
Colouring matters which can be used with advantage are lead, zinc, iron, and
aluminous colours.
In a further modification of this invention, the metal surface is first covered

page_text: with a suitable cement such as Portland cement, which is mixed with liquid to
the consistency of paint, and, preferably, with a mild adhesive, such as a weak
solution of glue. This is then air-dried; and it is then covered with a cover-
ing of silicate of soda or silicate of potash, or comprising such a silicate. The
materials may be coloured, that is, have a colouring matter mixed with them,
or not, as may be desired.
According to another modification, the metal surface is covered with a cover-
ing consisting of a combination or mixture of cement, as Portland cement,
and a silicious material in a fine state of division, such as ground sand, and
the liquid as above described; that is to say, it is covered with cement and
sand concrete. By this, the air drying is rendered more rapid, and it really
makes a better covering. This covering is then air dried; and it is afterwards
provided with a covering of silicate of alkali, or comprising a silicate of alkali,
as above described.
According to a further modification, the metal is covered with a covering
consisting of a mixture of Portland or other suitable cement, with a small pro-
portion of silicate of soda or potash, and also, preferably, but not necessarily,
with the silicious material in a fine state of division; and also, preferably, the
liquid used is a mild adhesive, such as referred to. This mixture is applied
and then air-dried. When dried, a covering of silicate of soda, or silicate of
potash, or comprising such a silicate, is applied as before.
In this case also, as in others herein described, there may be combined with
the materials, if desired, colouring substances or pigments; but as regards
coloured coverings, if the colouring is to be of good quality, viz., bright and
strong, similar to oil paints, such colouring must be applied according to the
method first described, as colouring matters merely mixed with the cement or
alkali, as described, do not produce an effective coloured surface as regards
quality.
In the compounds herein described in which silicious matters are compounded
with Portland cements, a suitable proportion is, of silicious matter to 3 of
Portland, to 2 silicious matters to 3 of Portland.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The herein described improved protective covering for surfaces, comprising
a covering of cement, such as referred to; a covering of a pigment or paint
consisting of a colouring matter and liquid such as described, applied over the
cement; and a covering of silicate of soda, or silicate of potash, or comprising
such silicate, applied over the colour covering; for the purposes set forth.
2. The herein described improved protective covering for surfaces, comprising
a covering of a pigment or paint consisting of a colouring matter, and liquid,
such as described, and a covering of silicate of soda, or silicate of potash, or
comprising such silicate, applied over the above covering; for the purposes set
forth.
3. The herein described improved protective covering for surfaces, comprising
a covering of cement, such as referred to, and a covering of silicate of soda or
silicate of potash, or comprising such a silicate, applied over the cement; for
the purposes set forth.
4. The herein described improved protective covering for surfaces, comprising
a covering consisting of cement and a mild adhesive, such as referred to; and
a covering of silicate of soda, or silicate of potash, or comprising such a sili-
cate, applied over the cement; for the purposes set forth.
5. The herein described improved protective covering for surfaces, comprising
a covering consisting of cement and a silicious material in a fine state of
division; and a covering of silicate of soda or silicate of potash, or comprising
such a silicate, applied over the cement; for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 6. The metal protective coverings comprising the substances or matters
specified, applied to the metal surface; as herein set forth, for the purposes
specified.
Doted this 10th day of labor 1800
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Liverpool.