Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28.h Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th May, 1889-Accepted, 28th Aug., 1889

page_text: When a page is required to be turned press the spring foot pedal to which the
string or cord passing round C and E is attached, causing to revolve a circle thus
causing the arms of the cog wheels H to go from right to left-the spiral spring G
then causes E to descend through the gap in H to the next cog wheel H-on
releasing pedal the cord or string is brought back to its position by the coil
spring at D.
The spring at B Fig. 1 of which Fig. 7 is a full drawing prevents more than one
arm being turned at a time.
If desirable the same pages or any of them can be gone through as often as
desired by merely raising E as before.
The apparatus can be fixed to Pianos Organs and other Instruments-as also to
Music Stands Reading Desks and Book rests-and in the case of Pianos and some
other Instruments in addition to, and together with the pedal-a cord or string
can be attached to the cord connecting the apparatus and pedal which is placed
inside the front of the Piano or instrument and on a level with the apparatus
and passing out at the side of the instrument-the end of the cord being attached
to a button or tassle thus enabling a person to operate the apparatus for the player.
Dated this 27th day of August 1888.
JASPER J. CARTER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Leaf-turner.
1, JASPER JAMES CARTER of 35 Dame Street Dublin (Ireland) Assistant Secretary
ublin Jurors Association &c. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to facilitate and enable the person using the
apparatus, to turn over the leaves of Books, Music, and other leaves without using the
bands thus avoiding all unnecessary stopping of the Music &c.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. 1, represents a front view of the stand-half size.
Fig. 2, a back view of same-half size, showing the position of the several parts.
Fig. 3, is a half size "plan" view.
Fig. 4, is a full size "transverse section" view.
Fig. 5 is a half size end view of the arms I and J.
The mechanism by which the leaves are turned consists of from one to twelve (or
more if desired) of the cog wheels H, having arms I and J, each part thereof being
made of of an inch thick hardened sheet brass (or other suitable material). The
cog wheels H having underneath a washer of the same material and diameter, revited
or otherwise fixed thereto.
This washer prevents the cog wheel E descending to more than one of the cog
wheels H at a time.
The several cog wheels H are placed on their spindle or axle, allowance being made
for the thickness of the arms J-2 of an inch as shown in Fig. 5.
F is a brass spool or bobbin fixed on a square spindle or axle as in Figs. 2 and 4,
baving the cog
wheel E thereon, and placed in the brass (or other material) frame K
as in Figs. 3 and 4, so that E engages the cog wheels Hone after another, E being
raised or lowered as desired, and revolving with F when in motion, owing to the
spindle or axle being square.
The gaps in each of the cog wheels H and the washers, underneath same as shown
in Figs. 2. 3. and 4. enables the cog wheel E after turning an arm to descend to
the next washer and cog wheel H, and so on, until the several cog wheels H and
their arms I, J, are turned from right to left.
In order to prevent more than one of the cog wheels H being turned at a time,
owing to the friction created between them, washers of ordinary sheet tin (or other

page_text: suitable material) are provided, and one of them placed between each of the cog
wheels H, (except the last) these washers are of the same diameter as the cog
wheels H, and have projections at opposite sides with holes for reviting, as shown
at A Figs. 2-3.
On the cog wheel E turning a cog wheel H and its arms, the motion cannot be
imparted to another or other cog wheels H underneath it.
The string or cord is wound round C and then F each, two or three times as in
Fig. 2, a small swivel being attached for the purpose of attaching and detaching the
apparatus from one Music or Book rest to another as may be desired.
The several parts are fixed in a brass (or other material) frame K Figs. 2 and 3.
having a perpendicular side L Fig. 2, connecting the top and bottom together as
at L Fig. 2. M is a block of wood keeping the cog wheels H as in Fig. 4 in
position.
All the parts are contained within this frame K, which is fixed between the upper
and lower ledges of the wooden (or other material) stand or Book rest, the frame K
being imbedded to a depth of its own thickness in the wood (if desired).
Fig. 4 shows a full size transverse sectional view of the cog wheels H and washers,
the bobbin or spool F and the cog wheel E in the frame K.
The back of the stand in Fig. 2 is shown open, but is provided with a back
piece, having an opening through which F alone can be seen, this back has a groove
or opening in it about of an inch wide from the opening where F is seen to the
end of the stand as shown by the position of the string in Fig. 2, this is for the
purpose of allowing the apparatus being worked on a Violin stand &c., by having
the cord running to the pedal from F direct, instead of along the groove as in
Fig. 2.
On placing the apparatus on the Music stand, Instrument, or Book rest, and
securing same by a screw or clamp and attaching the cord or string by means of the
swivel (as in Fig. 2) to the pedal string, the apparatus is ready for use.
In some instances instead of a pedal, an arrangement like the knee swell of an
Organ &c. (reduced in size) can be attached, which would allow a person to use
both pedals of the Instrument, and at the same time by a movement of the knee
to turn a leaf without having to stop the Music &c.
The handle B, consists of a small knob of brass or other material fixed as shown in
Figs. 1 and 3, its arm being of brass about 1 of an inch square, passing through the
hole in the block (brass) G, this arm is curved at its end, and fits half way round E
after E has turned all the arms I, J.
On raising the knob B, the block G is raised, E is also raised at the same time.
The apparatus having been fixed in position, turn all the arms J together to the
left as in Fig. 2, and by means of the handle B raise E on a level with the top or first
cog wheel H, turn the arms J half way round before letting B descend to its position
as in Figs. 1 and 2, the cog wheel E will then rest on the top cog-wheel H.
Insert a leaf between each arm J or as many as required, and place the arms J to
tho right as in Fig. 1.
The pressing of the pedal or knee arrangement causes E & F to revolve with their
spindle, the spring D allowing the string or cord to unwind a length equal to the
distance through which the pedal is depressed, the friction caused by the spring D
pulling in an opposite direction to the pedal is sufficient to prevent the cord slipping
around F without revolving it.
E and F being so put in motion, E engages the cog wheel H causing it to describe
balf a circle with its arms I, J, and thus turning the leaf.
The arms J when a leaf is placed between them acts as a leaf holder, as well as a
leaf turner thus preventing a leaf stirring either before it is turned or after.
Immediately E has turned an arm it descends through the gap in the cog whoel H
then presented to it and rests on the next one to be turned.
On taking the pressure off the pedal the spring D (which is a + inch alarm clock
spring) brings the string back again to the bobbin C, the string slipping around Fin
its return, therefore a kind of reciprocating motion is maintained between the pedal

page_text: and the bobbin C, and on each pressure of the pedal a cog wheel H and its arms are
turned from one side to the other (right to left).
The same pages or any of them can be repeatedly turned as often as desired, by
raising B, & E as before.
The apparatus can be fixed to Pianos Organs & other Instruments, Music Stands,
Reading & Book Desks &c., and can be attached and detached in a few seconds.
The swivels on the cord allows the apparatus to fold up with the Music rest on a
Piano &c. as also with Violin stands &c.
By reversing the arms J to the opposite or underneath side to that shown in Figs. 1
and 2, the apparatus could be fixed to the top of a stand, and the leaves turned from
the top instead of the bottom.
The arms I and J may be ornamented and made longer if wished.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. In an Improved Leaf turning apparatus, the combination of one or more of the
cog wheels H, having arms I and Jas in Fig. 3, and moving on a fixed spindle or
axle, the said cog wheels H having or not as desired washers fixed thereto.
2nd. In an Improved Leaf turning apparatus, the combination bobbin or spool F
with its square spindle or axle, together with the cog wheel E as herein described and
illustrated in annexed Drawings.
3rd. In an Improved Leaf turning apparatus, the combination bobbin or spool C,
having attached to its spindle a coil clock spring (D) of a suitable size (about inch).
4th. In an Improved Leaf turning apparatus the combination handle, arm, and
block B, G, Figs. 2 and 3.
5th. In an Improved leaf turning apparatus the combination disc plate, or washer A
as shown at A Figs. 1, 2, 3.
Dated this 27th day of May 1889.
JASPER J. CARTER.