Improvements in Steam Radiators.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Radiators.
I, EDWARD ETHEL GOLD, of Number 64 West Seventy-seventh Street, in the City of
New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to radiators for use in steam heating, the same being
constructed with special reference to the requirements of railway car heating.
For this purpose and other purposes, it is found desirable to have a radiator which
shall act as a storage heater for absorbing a considerable amount of heat and slowly
radiating it for a considerable time after the supply of heat is shut off. At other
times it is desirable to command a large radiating surface to be heated by direct
contact of steam in order to give off heat rapidly when first heating up a cold car or
apartinent, or for use in exceptionally cold weather. Several constructions of radiators
having these objects in view are disclosed in my Specification No. 19,695 of A.D. 1893.
My present invention introduces certain further improvements for more perfectly
attaining the same result.
My present invention relates most particularly to the type of storage heater
disclosed in Figs. 13 to 16 of my said specification. In these figures the radiator
consists of a horizontal cylindrical shell having a steam pipe entering it at one end
below the water level, extending through it to the other end and there opening above
the water level so as to admit steam to a steam space in the upper part of the
radiator; an overflow controlled by a thermostatic trap is provided for discharging
water whenever it tends to accumulate above the prescribed water level. A valved
drainage outlet is provided at the bottom for drawing off the water when it is desired
to use the radiator for direct steam heating without storage. For storage purposes,
it is permitted to fill with water of condensation up to the overflow level, and the
steam thus admitted through the submerged steam inlet pipe serves to heat the body
of water, and also by circulating in the steam space above the water level, serves to
directly radiate heat.
In the operation of radiators of the construction thus described, it is found that on
turning steam into the radiator when the latter is already filled with water, the rush
of the steam agitates the water, gives rise to undesirable noises, and throws or splashes
the water more or less out through the overflow outlet. To overcome this objection,
according to my present invention I construct a steam inlet pipe to extend beneath
the water level to or near the opposite end of the casing, and then to curve backwardly
preferably abore the water level, and to terminate adjacent to the overflow outlet.
The overflow pipe I prefer to prolong into the casing, and project it inside the open
end of the steam pipe, making a loose fit, which shall afford an annular space or
passage between them for circulation of steam. I also perforate this pipe so that the
steam which enters by the curved steam pipe can escape both through the annular
space referred to and through the perforations, and thereby enter into the steam space
above the water level in the radiator. By this construction the steam is directed in

page_text: its flow within the radiator, and the steam first admitted is conducted directly to the
thermostatic trap controlling the overflow outlet, so that by its heat it closes this trap
and prevents any premature outflow. The flow of the steam is also controlled in its
passage through the space above the water level, so that no strong jet or current of
steam is directed against the water, and consequently no splashing or other
interference with the body of water occurs.
The valved drainage outlet I now provide at the bottom of the cylindrical casing of
the radiator, its bottom outlet being formed with a valve seat closed by a valve
within the casing, which is controlled by a stem passing up through the casing and
out through a stuffing box on top thereof, where its emerging end is provided with a
handle.
In adapting storage heaters of this character to railway carriages of the type used
on English railways, I place the radiators under the seats and transversely of the
carriages, and consequently at intervals parallel with one another, and I extend a
steam pipe longitudinally of the car or carriage, with upright branches entering the
lower side of one end of each of the radiators, the main steam pipe being extended on
an incline or inclines, so that all condensation shall drain to the lowest point, and at
this point I provide a chamber or receptacle for receiving the water of condensation,
and to this receptacle I apply a drainage trap, preferably a thermostatic trap, so that
the water as it cools shall be purged out. Instead of applying a separate drainage
trap to the overflow outlet of each radiator, I may connect all these outlets by
descending branch pipes to a drainage pipe extending longitudinally of the car or
carriage and inclined to a lowest point, at which point one single trap may serve for
draining all the radiators on the car or carriage.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1896.
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.
Improvements in Steam Radiators.
I, EDWARD ETHEL GOLD, of Number 64 West Seventy-seventh Street, in the City
of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to radiators for use in steam heating, the same being
constructed with special reference to the requirements of railway car heating. For
this purpose and other purposes, it is found desirable to have a radiator which shall
act as a storage heater for absorbing a considerable amount of heat and slowly
radiating it for a considerable time after the supply of heat is shut off. At other times
it is desirable to command a large radiating surface to be heated by direct contact of
steam in order to give off heat rapidly when first heating up a cold car or apartment,
or for use in exceptionally cold weather. Several constructions of radiators having
these objects in view are disclosed in my Specification No. 19,695 of 1893. My
present invention introduces certain further improvements for more perfectly
attaining the same result, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings,
wherein,
Fig. 1 is a vertical mid-section through the radiator, answering for example to
Fig. 13 of my said former specification;
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of a series of radiators with their connecting pipes;

page_text: My present invention relates most particularly to the type of storage heater
disclosed in Figs. 13 to 16 of my said specification. The radiator consists of a
horizontal cylindrical shell lettered A in the accompanying drawings, having a steam
pipe B entering it at one end below the water level, extending through it to the
other end, and there in my former construction opening above the water level so as
to admit steam to a steam space in the upper part of the radiator; an overflow pipe C
controlled by a thermostatic trap D is provided for discharging water whenever it
tends to accumulate above the prescribed water level. A valved drainage outlet is
provided at the bottom for drawing off the water when it is desired to use the radiator
for direct steam heating without storage. For storage purposes, it is permitted to fill
with water of condensation up to the overflow level, and the steam then admitted
through the submerged stenin inlet pipe B serves to heat the body of water, and also
by circulating in the steam space above the water level, serves to directly radiate
heat.
In the operation of radiators of the construction thus described, and as shown in
said Figs. 13 to 16, it is found that on turning steam into the radiator when the
latter is already filled with water, the rush of the steam agitates the water, gives rise
to undesirable noises, and throws or splashes the water more or less out through the
overflow outlet. To overcome this objection, according to my present invention I
construct the steam inlet pipe B to extend beneath the water level to or near the
opposite end of the casing, and then to curve backwardly at B preferably above the
water level, and to terminate at B2 adjacent to the overflow outlet. The overflow
pipe C, I prefer to prolong into the casing, and project it inside the open end B' of
the steam pipe B, making a loose fit, which shall afford an annular space or passage a
between them for circulation of steam. I also perforate this pipe Cat bb so that
the steam which enters by the curved steam pipe can escape both through the
annular space a and through the perforations, and thereby enter into the steam space
above the water level in the radiator. By this construction the steam is directed in
its flow within the radiator, and the steam first admitted is conducted directly to the
thermostatic trap D controlling the overflow outlet, so that by its heat it closes this
trap and prevents any premature overflow. The flow of the steam is also controlled
in its passage through the space above the water level, so that no strong jet or current
of steam is directed against the water, and consequently no splashing or other
interference with the body of water occurs.
The valved drainage outlet E, I now provide by preference at the bottom of the
cylindrical casing of the radiator, forming it with a valve seat closed by a valve c
within the casing, which is controlled by a stem d passing up through the casing.and
out through a stuffing box e on top thereof, where its emerging end is provided with
a handle. The outlet pipe E extends down through the floor and opens beneath to
discharge the accumulated water.
In adapting storage heaters of this character to railway carriages of the type used
on English railways, I place the radiators under the seats and transversely of the
carriages, and consequently at intervals parallel with one another, as shown in Fig. 2,
and I extend a steam pipe F longitudinally of the car or carriage, with upright
branches F F entering the lower side of one end of each of the radiators, the main steam
pipe F being extended on an incline or inclines, so that all condensation shall drain
to the lowest point, and at this point I provide a chamber or receptacle G for receiving
the water of condensation, and to this receptacle I apply a drainage trap H,
preferably a thermostatic trap, so that the water as it cools shall be purged out.
Instead of applying a separate drainage trap (D, Fig. 1) to the overflow outlet of each
radiator, I may connect all these outlets by descending branch pipes C C to a
drainage pipe I extending longitudinally of the car or carriage and inclined to a
lowest point, at which point one single receptacle G¹ and trap D may serve for draining
all the radiators on the car or carriage, as shown in Fig. 2.
It will be understood that the details of construction which are shown and described
are susceptible of considerable modification without departing from the essential
features of my invention. For example, the steam inlet pipe B may enter within

page_text: the pipe C, thus reversing the arrangement shown; or the two pipes may be made of
one single pipe bent to U-shape and provided with perforations 6 in its upper leg; and
in any case if found more convenient to connect the steam inlet and overflow pipes to
opposite ends of the radiator instead of both at the same end, this may be done.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The described construction of steam radiator adapted to fill with condensation
water to an outlet level in its upper part, with its steam inlet pipe passing below the
water level and rising thence to and communicating with the overflow outlet pipe so
as to direct the entering steam to the outlet, in substantially the manner set
forth.
2. The construction of such a radiator with the steam inlet pipe curved from its
lower or submerged portion to above the water level, and there extending to and
communicating with the overflow outlet pipe by means of a loose concentric fit with
the latter, to substantially the effect set forth.
3. The combination of a series of such radiators with their steam inlet pipes
branched from a steam supply pipe Farranged to drain to a lowest point, and there
provided with means, as a drainage chamber and automatic trap, for discharging, the
accumulating condensation water, essentially as described.
4. The combination of a series of such radiators with their overflow pipes extending
downward and joining one common overflow pipe I which is inclined to a lowest point,
and is there provided with a thermostatic or other suitable automatic trap D adapted
to drain the overflow water from all the radiators, essentially as set forth.
Dated this 1st day of June 1897.
J. C. MEWBURN & ELLIS,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.