IMPROVEMENTS IN MICR A DA
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Gray Mackay, of Grangemouth, near
Falkirk, North Britain, Managing Proprietor of the.Grange-
mouth Coal Company, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MICR
A DA Den
Sealed the 13th April 1853, and dated the 16th February 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Gray
Mackay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 16th February 1853.
I, GEORGE GRAY MACKAY, of Grangemouth, near Falkirk, North
Britain, Managing Proprietor of the Grangemouth Coal Company,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRAIN PIPES " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming earthenware drain pipes in
two halves or segments, divided longitudinally along the centre.
The junction surfaces are stepped so as to overlap each other slightly,
and form an accurate joint. The drains may be constructed of a
series of segmental bricks, or they may consist simply of pipes
divided longitudinally as before described. When bricks are em-
ployed they are of course made on the same principle. The drains

page_text: may be of any transverse sectional shape, either round, square,
or polygonal. The advantages gained by this are, a great saving
of labour in excavating the ground for and in laying the pipes,
and also the great expedition with which drains of large size may
be laid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said George Gray Mackay in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 21st July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE GRAY MACKAY, of Grangemouth, near Falkirk, North Britain,
Managing Proprietor of the Grangemouth Coal Company, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me; the said George Gray Mackay, Her
special licence that I, the said George Gray Mackay, my executors,.
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Gray Mackay, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
DRAIN PIPES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Gray Mackay, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great, Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent..

page_text: .
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Gray Mackay, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:
My said Invention relates to the manufacture of earthenware drain
pipes in two distinct halves or segments, divided longitudinally
along the centre, the junction edges being stepped so as to overlap
each other slightly, and form a firm secure joint: Segmental bricks
may be used for a similar purpose, instead of half pipes, and the
transverse sectional area may be of any required shape. By the
adoption of this plan of construction a great saving of labor is
effected in the necessary excavations for the drains, as well as in
laying the pipes therein, whilst it enables drains of large size to be
laid very expeditiously. Figure 1, on my Sheet of Drawings re-
presents a transverse section of a circular drain with a flat sole, as
constructed to my improvements; Figure 2, is a longitudinal section
of a portion of a pipe corresponding; and Figure 3, is an external
elevation of a portion of the same pipe; Figure 4, is a transverse
section of an octagonal drain pipe of the same kind. Each pipe is
made up of a series of segmental pieces A, a line of which is used:
for the upper longitudinal halves, and a line for the lower halves, the
longitudinal junction being along the line B, B. The vertical lines
C, formed by the end abutting edges of the individual segments of
the upper and lower tier are so set as regards each other that they
shall "break bond" with each other, each line of junction in the
upper half or section being opposed to a solid part in the lower line.
By this means a strong and well connected pipe is produced. The
longitudinal junction edges are formed with shoulders or stepped
surfaces, as at B, D, in the transverse section.Figure 1, and this
prevents any lateral dislocation of the individual details. The drain
represented in Figure 4, is precisely the same as regards its plan of
build and construction. For all drains of large size this arrange-
ment answers most completely, for the system of connection is a

page_text: strong one, whilst the layer of the drains is unencumbered with
huge masses of earthenware, which are difficult to lay and liable to
fracture.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be
used or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do
not confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements
which I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variation's
may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles or
main features of my Invention; but what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the system or mode of arranging and constructing drain
pipes as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use in the construction of drain pipes
of segmental half pipes built together to form complete drains.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Gray Mackay, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of July,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
GEORGE GRAY MACKAY. (L.S.)