Improvements in Treating Resins, Oleo Resins, Gums, Pitches, Varnishes, Bitumens, and other like Substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 31st May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 6th July, 1888
Improvements in Treating Resins, Oleo Resins, Gums, Pitches,
Varnishes, Bitumens, and other like Substances.
I, SAMUEL BANNER of 8 Fazakerley Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It is known that resins, balsams, pitches, and some forms of oils, fats, bitumens,
gums, and other like substances will combine with caustic alkaline earths to produce
a compound, in some respects similar in many physical properties to the original
hydrocarbonaceous material used, but harder, and of higher melting point.
In
Now 1 have discovered that with certain precautions, the carbonates, hydrates, or
other salts of the alkaline earths will combine with these hydrocarbonaceous substances
to produce a result equal or superior to that obtained by using the caustic alkaline
earth or oxide, also that the addition of sulphur is useful in effecting these changes.
Sulphur may be used alone, without the addition of an alkaline earth salt.
practically applying my discovery, I melt or dissolve the rosin or other like hydro-
carbonaceous matter with hydrate or carbonate of lime, or of other alkaline earth,
with or without sulphur and heat till the combination takes place. This operation
should be performed under a vacuum, or under such circumstances that the vapour
formed is constantly removed so as to prevent its burning. I prefer the carbonates
or hydrates of the alkaline earths, but some of the corresponding salts of manganese,
iron, zinc, and even of aluminium, especially when recently precipitated, will answer
more or less the same purpose; also the sulphides and some other salts of the alkaline
earths with weak acids can be used.
To give an example-
16 parts by weight of melted or dissolved rosin are mixed with one part of hydrate
of lime or its equivalent of other salt as above enumerated, or one part of hydrate of
lime or its equivalent, and one part of sulphur, and the whole is heated together under
a vacuum. The vapours drawn off can be condensed and utilised.
The gummy matter thus formed can be dissolved in light hydrocarbon linseed oil
or other menstruum to form a varnish or vehicle for paint.
TL: 20th day of Aust 1887
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Treating Resins, Oleo Resins, Gums, Pitches,
Varnishes, Bitumens, and other like Substances.
I, SAMUEL BANNER, of Fazakerley Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention, as applied to resins, balsams, and gums, is so different from what it
is when applied to fats, and the process, as applied to fats, so diverse from its appli-
cation to bitumen, as to constitute practically three distinct inventions.
I therefore propose, in this present specification, to confine myself to resins, balsams,
and gums only, reserving the others for fresh applications for patents.
It has been known for a considerable period, that the addition of caustic oxides to
resins and gums in certain proportions, hardens the same, but serious difficulties have
occurred in carrying this process out. Take for instance, lime oxide: This has to be
very finely and evenly ground before application, or a sort of lime sand remains
undissolved in the gum or resin, spoiling the same for use. If, too, the lime be not
freshly calcined, it contains hydrate or carbonate, either of which, when mixed with
the lime, are fatal to the process.
Now it is very difficult to obtain sufficiently finely ground freshly calcined lime,
free from hydrate or carbonate, and when obtained, it must be used at once, as it
deteriorates on keeping. This makes the carrying on of the process difficult and
costly. I have, therefore, for a long period, experimented with a view to discovering
some means whereby the hydrate or carbonate of lime, or even the sulphide, all of
which can be obtained in a very finely pulverized condition, can be used instead of
caustic lime, but for a long time, all my efforts were fruitless. The material would
combine with the resin at a rather higher heat than that required for caustic lime,
but the result was always a sticky, tacky, or greasy mass, useless for the purposes
required. I, at length, became convinced that this greasiness was due to the formation
of a lime soap with the oleaginous matter evolved during the process. That the lime
will not combine with this matter so long as the latter is in the gaseous state, or in
combination with the residue of the resin or gum operated upon, but that if the
escaping gases condense in the upper part of the retort and run back into the materia!
operated upon, tackiness ensues.
I therefore perform the operation in such manner that the gases are completely
drawn off from the surface of the material, and any part of them condensing, cannot
run back into the material, but is carried off, this can be done by suction, or vacuum
with special precautions, or by a blast of air or steam, but I have found that the cheapest,
easiest, and therefore inost satisfactory method of doing it on a large scale is to
connect only half or a part of the surface with the chimney or forced draught, and
allow the air to be drawn in over the remaining surface as set forth in annexed

page_text: diagram, in which A is the liquor B the exhausting chimney: Copen space across
which the air rushes to enter the chimney carrying the gases with them. D guiler
(not absolutely necessary) to carry off any condensation and prevent it after running
down B from falling into A.
Besides the hydrate of lime, various other hydrates, oxides and carbonates, of the
alkaline earths, zine, iron, manganese and alumina will answer the purpose to a more
or less limited extent, but all of these either darken the colour, are more expensive,
or are more liable to burn in the pan, and after a long series of experiments. I have
found none so satisfactory as hydrate of lime. The quantity used with effect can vary
considerably, from three parts lime to a hundred of rosin, to even for some purposes
to 15 per cent. of lime to 100 of rosin, for gum-copal, balsains, and other like varnish
gums, from six to ten per cent. of lime hydrate appears to be best. The lime is
added after the rosin has reached the temperature required, 500 degrees or upward
and only in small quantities at a time with constant stirring.
The temperature at which the combination takes place varies to some extent with
the percentage of lime hydrate absorbed by the resin, thus to unite 3 per cent. of
line, a temperature of about 500 to 550 degrees Fahrenheit is required, and no more
than about 3 per cent. can be easily absorbed at this temperature, but as the heat is
increased, a second and even a third point is found, whereon lime hydrate being added, a
brisk effervescence will ensue, and a further quantity will become absorbed up to
about 15 per cent. of the weight of resin.
In some cases besides lime, I dissolve sulphur in the resin or gum, say I part of
sulphur to 15 or 30 of resin or gum. If sulphur be used, less lime is required, and
The sulphur and lime hydrate should, however, be added and dissolved
vice versa.
separately.
I have found that the addition of a small quantity of boiled linseed oil to the mass
after it has cooled to near the point where it begins to solidify, increases the
transparency of the product.
The gummy matter thus formed, can be dissolved in light hydrocarbon linseed oil,
or other menstruum to form a varnish or vehicle for paint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of hardening rosin, resins, varnish gums, or oleo resins, by means of
hydrate of lime, or its equivalent, substantially as described, whereby hydrates and
other salts can be used, otherwise inadmissible for the purpose.
2. The process of hardening rosin by means of sulphur, substantially as described.
12 ...لا تم عمل Ilated in 20il
WM. 1. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.