improvements in the Manufacture of Telegraph Poles, Columns, Pillars, Flag Staffs, Signal Posts for Railways, Lamp Posts, Fence Posts, and other Posts; Rolls or Rollers for Various Purposes; Chimneys, Pipes for Conveying Liquids or Gases and other like Tubular Articles; Railway and Tramway Sleepers, Door Steps, Lintels, Window Sills, Building Blocks; and Tanks, Casks, and Drums for Containing Liquid, Semi Liquid and Solid Matters; and Arms or Insulator Bars for Telegraph Poles and Telegraph Insulators; and in the Method> of and Means or Appliances for Steadying Telegraph Poles and other Poles and Posts.
Year: 1886

page_text: improvements in the Manufacture of Telegraph Poles, Columns,
Pillars, Flag Staffs, Signal Posts for Railways, Lamp Posts,
Fence Posts, and other Posts; Rolls or Rollers for Various
Purposes; Chimneys, Pipes for Conveying Liquids or Gases,
and other like Tubular Articles; Railway and Tramway
Sleepers, Door Steps, Lintels, Window Sills, Building Blocks;
and Tanks, Casks, and Drums for Containing Liquid, Semi
Liquid and Solid Matters; and Arms or Insulator Bars for
Telegraph Poles and Telegraph Insulators; and in the Method>
of and Means or Appliances for Steadying Telegraph Poles
and other Poles and Posts.
I DAVID WILSON of Millwood House Grays in the County of Essex Manager
of Cement Works do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My invention consists in part of the improvements hereinafter described in the
manufactures described in a provisional specification filed by me on the 15th day
of May A.D. 1885 in application for Letters Patent No 5990 and my said improve-
ments consist in using cement alone in place of concrete in the manufactures
described in the said specification that is to say instead of manufacturing telegraph
poles and the other articles described and referred to in the said specification by
coating or covering cores of wire netting or skeleton metal frames with concrete'
consisting of a mixture of cement and sand. I manufacture such articles according
to my present invention by coating or covering such cores with cement alone the
cement being mixed with water in sufficient quantity to admit of the mixture
flowing freely into the moulds The thickness of the coating of cement need not
be more than one half that required in the case of concrete.
My invention. consists further of improvements hereinafter described in the
manufacture of telegraph poles flag staffs and fence posts and railway and tramway

page_text: sleepers formed as described in the aforesaid specification or as hereinbefore
described and poles and posts for other purposes and other articles manufactured
in a similar manner which are not required to be hollow or tubular and which
when in use are subject to a bending strain and my said improvements consist in
inserting a wooden pole or post or a block of wood of suitable form in the hollow
of the pole or post or sleeper or other article and running cement mixed with
water into the interstices between the wooden pole or block and the innerside of
the concrete or cement coating of the metal core of the article into which the pole
or block is inserted and over the ends of the said wooden pole or block. The
wooden pole or block may be of the same length as or considerably shorter than
the finished pole or article is required to be. In the case of sleepers or rolls or
posts of moderate length and in the case of other poles where blocks of wood
or wooden poles sufficiently true in form may be conveniently obtained I in some
cases use such wooden blocks or poles in lieu of the mandril described in the
aforesaid specification that is to say I in such cases place the said blocks or poles
in the required position within the wire core and cast the concrete or cement
coatings on the core around the said blocks or poles which are thus secured in
place in the sleepers or posts or other articles.
Where telegraph poles or flag staffs or poles or posts for other purposes are
required of greater length than can be conveniently manufactured as described in
the aforesaid specification I form them in two or more separate lengths and connect
the several lengths by means of a wooden pole inserted and secured in the hollow
of the tubular pole or post and secure the wooden pole and the several lengths of
the concrete and wire pole together by means of wood screws or headed nails or
spikes preferably jagged or barbed which I drive through holes in the tubular pole
or post into the wooden pole or post and I form recesses in the outer concrete or
cement coating of the tubular pole or post for the reception of the heads of the
said screws nails or spikes the said: recesses being of such depth that when the said
screws nails or spikes have been driven home their heads are below the surface of
the said coating and I protect the said heads from oxidation by filling up the said
recesses with cement or concrete. A jagged or barbed nail suitable for the purpose
herein before described is shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Where it is necessary or desirable to use several lengths of the wooden poles
or posts I prefer to connect the several lengths together end to end by means of
spikes bolts or rods (preferably jagged or barbed). This I do as follows I drive a
bolt spike or rod into the end of one of the said lengths then place the said length
in the hollow of the tubular pole or post and then place the next length in the
tubular pole or post and force the end of the said length over the projecting end of
the said bolt spike or rod.
$6
"
Where it is necessary to form the tubular pole in two or more lengths and
to connect the several lengths by means of two or more lengths of wooden poles
I use wooden poles of such lengths that their connections will
break joint
with those of the tubular pole. The junctions of the several lengths of wooden
poles and those of the several lengths of the tubular poles should be not less than
about three feet apart..
My invention consists further in manufacturing insulator arms for telegraph
poles by coating with or embedding in concrete or cement a core of metal pre-
ferably angle iron or strips of sheet iron or steel bent longitudinally into an
angular form or strips of wire netting similarly bent the coating of concrete or
cement being externally of the form and dimensions required for the said arms.
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings is a plan and Figure 3 is an end elevation
of an insulator arm thus manufactured and Figure 4 is a transverse section thereof
taken on the line A Figure 2. a is the angle iron b is the concrete or cement
coating and c is a recess formed to fit the pole to which the arm is to be secured.
In manufacturing the said arms I place and support the metal core in the required
position in a mould of suitable, form and pour the concrete or cement into the
mould and allow it to remain until the concrete or cement has set. I prefer to use

page_text: angle iron of the form shown in the said figures but angle iron of other form or
strips of sheet iron or of wire netting bent into other forms may be used. When
I use angle iron or sheet iron I prefer to punch holes therein and I prefer to leave
the edges of the holes rough or jagged and projecting from the surface of the metal
in order to give the concrete: or cement a good hold on the metal. I secure the
insulators to the said arms and I secure the arms to the poles by means of bolts
passing through holes drilled through the said arms or I form holes for the
reception of the bolts at the required parts of the arms by placing plugs of wood
in holes formed in the metal core and withdrawing the said plugs after casting the
concrete or cement on the said core. The heads of the bolts may be countersunk
and covered with concrete or cement as herein before described.
Insulator arms formed as hereinbefore described may be used with telegraph
poles of any construction or material.
My invention consists further in manufacturing telegraph insulators of cement.
In thus manufacturing insulators I run the cement in a fluid state. into a mould
and allow it to set. A mould of suitable form and construction for the manufacture
of an insulator of the pattern known as Cordeaux's insulators" is shown in
Figures 5, 6 and 7 Figure 5 being a plan Figure 6 an elevation and Figure 7 a
section taken on the line B B Figure 5. The said mould consists of three parts
marked respectively d, e and f. g is the hole into which the cement is poured
and h is a hole by which air passes from the said mould as the cement is poured in
After the cement has set sufficiently I open the mould and remove the insulator
and leave it about a week to harden and then place it in a lathe and cut the screw
thread in the interior by means of ordinary screw tools. Figure 8 is an elevation
and Figure 9 is a central vertical section of the finished insulator. Insulators thus
manufactured are secured in the positions required in the same manner as ordinary
insulators of the same pattern. Insulators of any other pattern may be manu-
factured as hereinbefore described by the use of moulds of the necessary form and
construction. The said insulators may be used in any situation in which the
ordinary insulators can be used.
My invention consists further of the means or appliances hereinafter described
for increasing the stability of telegraph poles and other poles or posts when set up
or lessening the liability of poles or posts to move or yield laterally or sway when
subjected to the force of wind or other force or strain acting on them laterally
According to this part of my Invention I pass the end of the pole which is to be
inserted in the earth through and engage it with a slab or frame of suitable form,
and material and of considerable superficial area and having in it an aperture for
the reception of the pole and in setting up the pole or post I bury the said slab or
frame in the earth the resistance of which to the motion of the said slab or frame
ensures great stability of the pole or post. Figure 10 of the accompanying
drawings is a plan and Figure 11 is an edge view of an appliance of the kind
herein before described i being the aperture formed therein for the reception of the
pole and Figure 12 is a vertical section of the lower end of a pole manufactured as
described in my aforesaid specification engaged with the said appliance showing its
position when the pole is set up in the earth. In the said Figure 12 the pole is
marked j and the slab is marked k. The slab and pole may be retained in their
relative positions by means of a pin 7 passing through the pole on the projecting
ends of which pin the slab rests. Or pins may be passed through the pole both
above and below the slab but it is not necessary to secure the pole and slab
together. When an appliance of this kind is used with hollow poles I prefer to
strengthen the pole at the part which is engaged with the said appliance by
inserting and securing a disc or plug of wood or concrete or other suitable material
in the hollow of the pole at the said part as shown at m in the said Figure 12.
The said appliance may be formed of metal or other suitable material covered or
coated or surrounded with or embedded in concrete or cement or of any material or
materials not readily injured by moisture and of any form or dimensions which will
insure sufficient resistance to the motion of the pole and the said appliance may be

page_text: used with poles or posts of any form or construction and in any situation where:
stability is required. Where appliances of this kind are used it is not necessary in
setting up the pole to insert it into the earth to a greater depth than one half that
ordinarily necessary.
The cement which I use in the manufactures herein described and referred to is
portland cement or other cement of similar nature and having similar properties
and the concrete which I use in the said manufactures is prepared as described in
my aforesaid specification. In preparing the cement for use I mix it with either
water or a solution of silicate of soda or of silicate of potash or of caustic soda and
where I use water alone in preparing either the cement or the concrete I in some
cases soak the manufactured article in a solution of silicate of soda or of silicate of
potash or of caustic soda.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that
what I claim is
First. The improvements herein before described in the manufactures described
in the aforesaid specification No 5990 that is to say the use in the said manu-
factures of cement in place of concrete.
Secondly. Strengthening tubular telegraph poles flag staffs and other poles and
posts and rolls or rollers made of a core of wire netting or a skeleton frame of
metal covered with or embedded in concrete or cement by securing wooden poles
or posts within the said tubular poles or posts whether the wooden poles or posts
be secured within the tubular poles or posts after the manufacture of the latter or
during their manufacture.
Thirdly. Forming telegraph poles flag staffs and other poles and posts of two
or more lengths of tubes made as described in the aforesaid specification N° 5990.
or as hereinbefore described the several lengths being connected together end to
end by securing them to wooden poles or posts inserted in the hollows of the said
tubes.
Fourthly. Forming cross arms or supports for telegraph insulators of metal and
cement or concrete substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifthly. Forming telegraph insulators of cement.
Sixthly. The method hereinbefore described of steadying a telegraph pole or
other pole or post that is to say connecting a slab or block or frame to the said
pole or post and burying the said slab or block or frame in the earth in a horizontal
or nearly horizontal position or in a plane at right angles or nearly so to the axis
of the said pole or post.
Seventhly. The manufacture of slabs blocks or frames for use in steadying poles
and posts as hereinbefore described of metal covered or coated or surrounded with
or embedded in concrete or cement.
11
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