AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TURKEY CARPET IMITATIONS BY MECHANICAL MEANS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON Fel. Inst. P.A. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors 6 Lord Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster and 323
High Holborn in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention for AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING
TURKEY CARPET IMITATIONS BY MECHANICAL MEANS (a communication from
abroad by Jos. Koha & Co. of 2 Wallnerstrasse, Bankers, and Fritz Watzlawik of
13 Lichtensteinstrasse, Weaver, both of Vienna in the Empire of Austria) and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
As is known, the so called Turkey carpets are manufactured by tying each single
thread of the pile to the back of the carpet. In this way an unliinited choice of
colors can take place, while in velvet carpets, woven by means of the Jacquard loom
this is never the case. On the other hand, the tying in of the pile threads is
a wearisome operation by which the prices of said carpets are greatly enhanced.
The present invention relates to a process by which carpets with similar patterns
like those of Turkey carpets can be manufactured in a by far shorter time, without
detriment to the solidity and durability of the fabrics, when compared to carpets
having their pile tied on.
These Turkey carpet imitations are manufactured in a mechanical way after
patterns, in which squares of different colors indicate in what manner the desired
design is to be produced by the juxtaposition of accordingly colored wool threads.
Each transverse range of squares in the pattern answers to one shoot for the
production of the pile in the carpet. Said pile is formed by strips or narrow
fringed ribbons of multicolor wool which first are made by weaving the same and
then are combined as a weft with any suitable binding chain and in the succession
indicated by the pattern.
Consequently the new process essentially consists of two operations: 1st the
making of the narrow strips or ribbons of multicolor wool, 2nd the forming of the
pile by means of said strips.

page_text: In the annexed drawing, Fig 1 shows a carpet pattern, fig 2, represents a portion
of a chain answering to the uppermost transverse range of the pattern and being
combined with the weft herein after described; fig 3 shows one strip or ribbon cut
off from a chain similar to that represented by fig 2; fig 4 shows likewise such a
strip or ribbon, with its middle shoot threads having been removed for the purpose
explained in the following specification; fig 5 represents the backside of a carpet ;
fig 6 is a perspective view of the leaves and the reed of a loom, illustrating the
manner in which the weft strips are placed into the shed of the chain, fig 7 shows
on a larger scale the end of the shed near the cloth beam.
To make the weft strips, fig 3 and 4, one chain or warp is beamed per transverse
range A B of the pattern i.e. a chain fig 2 of wool threads a a . . . . . . presenting
the same succession of colors as the squares a; a; in the respective transverse
range of the pattern. The width of this multicolor wool chain must exactly
correspond to the breadth of the carpet to be manufactured, usually the number of
colored wool threads in this chain is from 150 to 200 per meter, according to the
quality of the carpet.
When weaving one of the weft strips, a flat wooden rod b the breadth of which
answers to the desired length of the pile to be obtained is first introduced into the
shed of the multicolor wool chain a a ..... then a few shoots c of wool yarn
(usually four shoots) are made, one or two shoots d of pack thread, again a few
shoots c; of wool yarn and finally a second flat rod b, is placed into the shed. As
many times as the enumerated weft can be passed in the described succession into
the warp, as many identic strips or ribbons presenting the same succession of
colours can be made. The annexed sample A is a portion of a multicolor wool
chain combined with the explained wood, wool and pack thread shots.
After having removed from the loom the multicolor wool chain a a
containing the described weft b c d e; b; the wool threads are cut through between
each two juxtaposited flat wooden rods b. b. In each strip or ribbon thus formed
(sample B) the two series cc; of wool yarn shoots are then sewed up, in order to
prevent the multicolor chain threads from altering their positions and to firmly
connect the chain threads to the weft-threads.
Then the pack thread d is drawn out, as shown in fig 4 (see the sample C)
a space containing no weft being thus formed between the two sets c c, of wool
shots, by said weftless middle portion of the warp threads in each strip the knots
of the true Turkey carpets are imitated, and in the same time this portion makes
visible the pattern on the backside of the carpet, as shown in fig 5.
The strips or ribbons obtained in this way of all the multicolor wool chains are
numbered according to the succession of the transverse ranges of the pattern, and
then they are successively shot into a warp aq aq. consisting of pack thread or
a similar strong material.
As clearly illustrated by fig 6, said warp or chain is heddled into the two
leaves e e of an ordinary loom, the reed f. of this loom contains one thread per split
and the intervals between the splits are exactly as large as in the reeds used when
manufacturing the fringed weft strips. The chain and weft are crossed as in
common linen ware.
At the beginning some few shots g of wool yarn are shot in and after the first
ribbon having been attached by its ends to a lath i of triangular section, to
prevent it from shrinking, is so pushed into the shed of the warp that its front
edge is placed higher than the back edge.
By means of a brush, the short threads fringing the ribbon are then erected in a
position perpendicular to the surface of the fabric so as to form the pile. When
the position of the two sets of warp threads forming the shed or lash is inversed
and the reed shocked against the lath i, this latter is turned in such a manner that
its back edge is raised above the front edge, this position allowing of the back
edge's fringe too, being erected by means of the brush. Finally the ribbon h is
loosened from the lathi which is withdrawn from the shed, In order to fill the
warp with weft threads in the whole extension occupied on the surface by the

page_text: diverging pile threads some shoots j of strong wool yarn are interposed between
each two fringed ribbons (see the sample D). In this manner the work proceeds
until all ribbons are woven in, when again a few shoots of wool yarn are employed
to terminate the carpet.
The carpet thus manufactured is dressed and finished in the usual manner by
steaming, beating, brushing and shearing the same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the saine is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The described method of manufacturing piled carpets, essentially consisting
in combining as a weft with a chain of pack thread or similar material fringed
ribbons made of a chain of multicolor wool yarn into which are successively shot
one or two pack threads, from two to four threads of wool yarn, a flat wooden rod
whose breadth answers to the desired length of the pile, again such a wooden rod
from two to four threads of wool yarn, one or two pack threads and so on, between
each two juxtaposited wooden rods, the chain being cut through and in the ribbons
thus formed, the woollen weft being served up, while the pack thread weft is
withdrawn.
2nd. In the described manufacture of fringed strips or ribbons intended to
be combined as a weft with a suitable chain manufacturing said strips or ribbons
of as many chains as there are transverse ranges in the pattern to be executed, and
each chain presenting the same succession of colors as the squares of the pattern.
3rd. Introducing the fringed ribbons into the shed of the warp by means of a
lath of triangular section.
4th. The described means for imitating the knots of true Turkey carpets, said
means consisting in drawing out the pack threads from the middle of each ribbon,
whereby a weftless portion is obtained in the ribbon; this weftless portion
facilitating the bending of the ribbon for the purpose of erecting the pilc, and the
bent middle of each pile, thread becoming visible on the backside of the carpet in
the form of a knot.

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