Improvements in Lantern Microscopes.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Oct., 1894-Accepted, 8th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lantern Microscopes.
We WILLIAM GREENWOOD, of North Street, Cheetham Manchester, Wire
Blind Manufacturer, and ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK, of Union Bridge Iron
Works, Rogers Street, Manchester, Engineer, both in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our improvements in lantern microscopes consist is dispensing with the large
condensers of four and five inches diameter and arranging the lantern microscope
so that it can be instantly changed from one power to another without further
adjustment.
To accomplish this object we arrange two lenses mounted together of about
three inch focus and about one and half inch in diameter. These we arrange about
one and half inch from the light. This distance from the light depends upon the
exact focus of the lenses.
This arrangement gives an approximately parallel beam of light one and half
inch in diameter.
We now arrange the remaining part of the instrument upon a sliding stage
which can be moved as desired to allow of any other piece of apparatus being
placed in the parallel beam of light as an example the alum trough, or tank, which
by our arrangement does not interfere with the light to any perceptible extent, as is
the case with the converging or diverging rays as generally used.
We arrange the substage condensers, and objectives upon a revolving spindle held
in suitable fixings upon the sliding stage, and we so arrange them that when once
adjusted to each other no further adjustment is necessary, each objective having its
own substage condenser. We arrange upon the revolving spindle the necessary
discs to carry two or more of each.
The focussing is arranged in such a manner by a second slide upon the main
stage by the necessary screws, or racks, that it does not interfere with the adjustment
of the substage condensers and objectives.
When required we also arrange amplifiers upon the same spindle so that they are
also instantly adjusted.
In describing our improvements we have referred to mounting our substage
condensers and objectives upon a revolving spindle. We do this as being in our
opinion the simplest form, but we do not limit ourselves to this particular
arrangement.
We in some cases mount them upon a segment of a circle, and we can also
arrange them to move in a parallel slide. The arrangement described is very
simple and one that can easily be understood.
We also arrange the stage in some cases upon which the objects to be shown are
fixed so that this also can be revolved and make same to hold one or more objects
as desired.
In combination with our improvements we use the ordinary lime light, or electric
light.
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WILLIAM GREENWOOD.
ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK.

page_text: Improvements in Lantern Microscopes.
We, WILLIAM GREENWOOD of North Street, Cheetham, Manchester, Wire
Blind Manufacturer aud ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of Union Bridge Iron
Works, Roger Street, Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention relates to microscopes used in connection with lanterns and consists
in improvements in the arrangement of the lenses and construction of apparatus
supporting the same, the object of these improvements being chiefly to dispense with
the large and consequently expensive lenses hitherto used and to enable the change
of power to be readily effected.
Our improvements embody the particular arrangement of lenses and construction
of carrier or mounting therefor in consequence of which the object remains in focus
while a change of power is made or while a medium, such as alum solution or water
or other substance is placed into the beam of light before concentration of the same
into the object glass.
Hitherto in such apparatus large condensers four or five inches in diameter have
have been used for concentrating the light, and when it was required to alter the
magnifying power of the apparatus, the object lenses had to be removed from the
tubes and these replaced by others. This operation necessitated the refocussing of
the object and altogether took up considerable time.
According to this invention the arrangement of lenses enables comparatively
small and inexpensive lenses to be employed from which, results equal or almost
equal to the previous arrangements are obtained. Further, the method of arranging
and mounting the lenses facilitates considerably the change of power and obviates
the necessity of refocussing.
In order that our invention may be more readily understood we have attached
hereunto a sheet of drawings to which we will now refer.
In the said drawings
Figure 1 represents a side view or elevation of our improved apparatus in
combination with an ordinary lantern and improved adjustable stand for carrying
the gas cylinders.
Figure 2 represents an end view of our improved apparatus, and Figure 3 a side
view of our improved stand.
Figure 4 represents a modification of our improved apparatus in which the object
lenses and condensers are mounted on sectors.
Figure 3 shews another modification in which the object lenses and condensers
slide upon a horizontal frame.
On the drawings a represents an improved stand for supporting the gas
cylinders a² which are placed upon projecting supports as shewn and held at the
top by a spectacle-bracket or clip a¹ dropped upon them and secured in position by
a screw. The stand is hollow and has a spindle as inserted into it adjustable in
height and fixed by a set screw, which carries the table a', formed with brackets
on which the upper table b¹ is mounted by means of the slotted carrier / so that it
can be set horizontal or otherwise as desired. Upon the table b¹ is mounted the
lamp c of any suitable kind.
Upon the table we mount a bracket carrying two lenses mounted together in one
hoop e, said lenses having about three inch focus and being about one and a halt
inches from the light, this distance depending upon the exact focus of the lenses.

page_text: This arrangement produces an approximately parallel beam of light of one and a
half inches diameter, in consequence of which the condensers d³ need not be made
any larger than one and a half inches in diameter.
We now arrange the remaining part of the instrument upon a stage or frame
consisting of a base plate sliding between guides on the table 6' and formed with
two standards or bearings d, in which a spindle is mounted. Upon the spindle
we fix two discs d' and do the former of which carries two, three or more object
glasses or lenses d' of different powers, so fixed that their foci are in one plane
parallel to the disc, while the disc de carries coaxially with the object glasses
condensers each adapted to its respective object glass. Upon the stage or frame
a sliding bracket with clipping blades for holding the glass, with objects to be
shown is mounted between slides, and adjustable by means of a screw d. Upon a
pivot do in the same line as the spindle d' the amplifiers d' are loosely mounted
and so arranged that when one of them is turned up the other is turned down.
A push do serves to move the entire stage without disturbing the adjustment of the
object holder d'. The latter may also be mounted upon the spindle a, between
adjusting screws and arranged so as to hold two or more objects which being in the
same plane will all be in focus with any of the object lenses.
In consequence of this method of mounting, when the object clipped to the
bracket d' has been adjusted so as to be in the focus of one of the object lenses d³,
it is also correctly focussed for each of the others so that when a change of
magnifying power is desired the spindle has only to be turned round to bring the
required object lens to the top without these having to be unscrewed and replaced
or readjusted as has hitherto been necessary. The stage can also be conveniently
moved back when an alum trough or tank is to be interposed between the lenses e
and condensers d³ and the interposition of the same in consequence of the beam of
light being parallel does not affect the intensity of the light projected on to the
screen to any perceptible extent as is the case with the usual arrangement with
converging or diverging rays.
Figure 4 shows a modification of the arrangement, in which three (or more or
less) object lenses and the same number of condensers are mounted on a sector A
fulcrumed on the sliding base plate at h³, the two sectors being cast together or
connected so as to remain parallel and move simultaneously. A pivot on the back
sector carries the amplifiers d'. Fig 5 represents another modification in which
the brackets d of the sliding stage are carried up higher and have each a cross
slide i mounted thereon carrying the object glasses and condensers respectively;
the two slides being connected by stays so as to move simultaneously.
The result of these modifications is the same as hereinbefore described. The
objects may be clipped to a similarly swivelling or sliding plate.
G is an ordinary magic lantern which can be conveniently mounted on the
table 6 on the other side of lamp c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In lantern microscopes, the arrangement of mounting several object lenses
of different powers with their respective condensers upon jointly revolving or
moving discs, sectors or slides or their equivalents in such a manner that the foci
of the different object lenses are in the same plane parallel to said discs, sectors or
slides, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the drawings and
for the purposes set forth.
2. In lantern microscopes the combined arrangement of lenses for deflecting the
light from the lamp into parallel rays and a sliding frame carrying several object
lenses of different power and appropriate condensers mounted on jointly revolving
or moving discs, sectors, slides or their equivalents, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. In lantern microscopes having several object lenses and condensers of different

page_text: powers mounted on jointly revolving discs, sectors or slides and adjusted so that the
'foci of the different object lenses are in a plane parallel to said discs, sectors or
slides, the arrangement of multiple object holders correspondly as discs, sectors, or
slides parallel to the former and adjustable in distance from the same, substantially
as described.
Dated the 2nd day of October 1894.
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.