matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AND IN OTHER SIMILAR ROTARY APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1879.
EDWARD HALL, of Boston, in tho County of Lincoln.
ROTARY ENGINES, AND IN OTHER SIMILAR ROTARY APPARATUS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention has reference to rotary engines driven by steam, water, or other
motive fluid, and is applicable also to apparatus for exhausting and forcing liquids
or fluids, and for measuring.
In my improved engine the cylinder or chamber in which the piston travels is of
annular form; it is made in two parts joined together, and the joint farther from
the centre may be made tight by a ring entering grooves in the two parts or
castings.
The piston is carried by a plate having a boss, and fixed on a shaft concentric
with the annular cylinder or chamber.
This plate works between the two parts of the annular cylinder or chamber, a
tight joint being formed by packing springs bearing against the two faces of the
plate. The plate has a projecting part which protrudes into the cylinder or
chamber; the piston is fastened to this projecting part, which is overlapped by
projections formed with the piston itself. At two opposite sides of the shaft the
annular cylinder or chamber has in it ports or openings governed by suitable
valves, so as to alternately admit steam or other fluid or liquid to and allow its
escape from the cylinder or chamber. Midway between the two above named ports
at each side of the shaft the annular cylinder or chamber is provided with two
sliding parts, so arranged and operated that when the one pair is open the other
pair will be closed, thus forming a partition, stop, or abutment across the annular
cylinder or chamber. The piston is moved by steam or other motive fluid entering
the annular cylinder or chamber between one of the partitions, stops, or abutments
(for the time closed) and the piston. As the piston travels along the annular
cylinder or chamber the pair of sliding parts constituting the partition, stop, or
abutment that was closed gradually opens (so that the piston may pass it), and the
other pair closes, and so on alternately.
The sliding parts of the partitions, stops, or abutments, are operated by suitable
connections from a cam or eccentric fixed on the shaft, of suitable form to give the
required movements through the connections to the sliding parts of the partitions,
stops or abutments.

page_text: The admission and exhaust valves may be in the form of plugs having a partial
rotary motion, which may be given through suitable connecting rods from a pair of
eccentrics on the shaft.
Reversing gear may be provided.
To start the engine when the periphery of the piston is opposite a port
supplementary inlets with a suitable valve or cock may be provided.
As is obvious apparatus constructed on the principle of my Invention may be
used for drawing and forcing liquids or fluids, and for measuring.
Some of my improvements may be used without the others.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHARCOALS, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN.
Year: 1879

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Robert Weare, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Sanitary Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHARCOALS, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREIN.'
Sealed the 23rd September 1879, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor,
and dated the 11th March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Weare at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1879.
ROBERT WEARE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Sanitary
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHARCOALS, AND IN
APPARATUS USED THEREIN.'
"
I manufacture animal, vegetable, and mineral charcoals from sewage, night-soil,
foecal matters, excrement, garbage, and refuse from ashpits and markets.
I take the above named materials, which have been selected and mixed, and. the
solid portions of which are ground and riddled to various granulated sizes, according
to the charcoal required, in a rotary mill of special construction, hereinafter described,
and without adding any chemicals whatever. I place such materials in an air-tight
revolving cylindrical carbonizer constructed of hæmatite iron, which I find is not
liable to bag or become "bellied" when heated to the required temperature, and
thus I carbonise such material, and produce a charcoal therefrom. The gases arising
during the process are passed into a gasholder, and niay be used as fuel. By these
means I make the three charcoals named, which become most suitable and valuable
materials for filtering sewage or other foul waters, and for deodorising purposes.
The improved rotary mill consists of a machine similar to a mortar mill, but the
bottom or pan of which is of somewhat larger diameter than the outer edges of the
rollers, and this additional diameter is arranged as a false bottom to receive various
metallic plates, in which are formed perforations which differ in size according to
the size of granulation required, suitable scrapers being also applied to push the
material on to the perforated plates when sufficiently granulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SHUTTERS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1879.
HENRY SMITH, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland.
'
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SHUTTERS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
My Invention has for its object principally the construction of roller shutters of a
safe and durable nature, and in a simple manner.
To this end I construct the lath of sheet zinc, steel, or other suitable material
which in section nearly resembles a T, the vertical arm of which is bent thus C
to form a groove for the reception of the edge of the adjoining or following lath.
These laths may be formed of any convenient depth, or may attach the lath
above described to the edge of a wooden lath, thereby forming a continuous groove
for each lath to play or work in.
The laths as thus formed are strung together by steel wire, galvanized, or copper
rope, which is passed through holes or apertures pierced through the grooves and
hung in the ordinary manner.
The laths herein described may be applied to the construction of iron houses, and
also for roofing and other useful purposes.
AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE METAL SECTION BLOCK FOR SECTION WARPING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Monks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1879.
THOMAS MONKS, of Clifton, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer.
"AN
IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE METAL SECTION BLOCK FOR SECTION WARPING MACHINES."
My improved section block is made of two cylindrical parts, each furnished
with a boss, one sliding inside the other. The outsides of these cylindrical parts
have parallel spaces formed in them, and when the blocks are closed, the solid
portions of one fit in the spaces formed in the other, the whole presenting a solid
surface. When it is desirable to increase the width of the block, the cylindrical
portions are separated by a screw or bolt turned by a box key working in one end,
and passing through a nut on the outer boss inside the other end. This improved
block can be expanded with precision to any width so long as the cylindrical
portions interlock, and by the use of it the number of fixed blocks hitherto needed
for every change in width can be dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED BAROMETER ATTACHMENT OR WEATHER INDICATOR, FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH THE BAROMETER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hatfield at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1879.
WILLIAM HATFIELD, of Stoke Poges, in the County of Bucks. "AN IMPROVED
BAROMETER ATTACHMENT OR WEATHER INDICATOR, FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH
THE BAROMETER."
My Invention relates to a weather indicator and storm guide to be applied more
particularly to wheel and aneroid barometers (although it may be used in
connection with pediment barometer for ascertaining beforehand with more or less
exactitude, the date of the next great fall in the barometer, instead of having to
depend upon the ordinary daily barometrical indications.
The improvement consists in the application around the dial of the barometer of
a movable ring or band having the days of the month inscribed thereon in any
suitable manner. Upon an axis coinciding with the central spindle of the
barometer is also mounted an index hand extending diametrically across the dial,
and having small discs at its ends colored red and blue respectively which are
moved by hand over the days of the month on the ring or band. The index is
also provided with a second index at right angles by which the month is divided
into weeks to indicate probable periods of fine weather between the falls. The
mode of using the attachment is as follows:- supposing any great fall of the
barometer to take place on any given day of the month, the ring is first moved
round until the corresponding date is brought opposite to the point of lowest fall of
the barometer needle, and the red end of the index should then be set to that day
of the month, the opposite or blue end will then indicate the date of the next
probable great fall a fortnight before its occurrence.
The ring and index having been thus set, remain in that position until the next
fall occurs.
The Invention need not necessarily be attached to the barometer, but may be a
separate instrument placed in any convenient position for use in connection with
the barometer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OSIER-PEELING MACHINERY."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Barthez at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th April 1879.
JEAN BARTHEZ, of Villeneuve sur Bellot, in the Department of the Seine et
Marne, France. IMPROVEMENTS IN OSIER-PEELING MACHINERY."
This Invention relates to improvements in osier-peeling machinery, its object
being to quickly and efficiently peel or strip the bark from osiers.
According to any Invention the osiers to be peeled or stripped pass between
adjustable feeding rollers (revolving in bearings mounted on the platform or table
of the machine), and on leaving which they are then operated on by vertical spring-
blades, which bruise, split, or rip the bark. The bark so bruised is caught between
stripping rollers, which remove it, and the osiers now peeled or stripped of their
bark pass between adjustable drawing rollers, which deliver them from the
machine.
Motion is communicated to these rollers by means of suitable gearing.
A pair of shears receiving its motion from the gearing may be mounted on the
platform of the machine for cutting off the stems of the osiers when necessary.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR TAKING OR INDICATING PERPEN- DICULARS OR DEVIATIONS THEREFROM
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ryan and William Frederick
Noble Clappison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th
November 1879.
JOHN RYAN, of Battersea Park Road, in the County of Surrey, Bricklayer, and
WILLIAM FREDERICK NOBLE CLAPPISON, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR TAKING OR INDICATING PERPEN-
DICULARS OR DEVIATIONS THEREFROM."
Our Invention relates to an improved instrument for taking or indicating
perpendiculars or deviations therefrom to be used by builders, contractors, brick-
layers, carpenters, and mechanics, in works of construction and other purposes.
It consists of a long needle bar or plummet of sufficient weight, pivoted and
vibrating at its upper end on a pivot or axis carried by a bar or frame of wood or
metal, which is planed or trued on its edges and hollowed or boxed out on its face for
the reception of the needle bar or plummet in such a manner that the latter is free to
vibrate therein at its lower or needle end to indicate a deviation of 2 inches on each
side of the centre or perpendicular in a length of 5 feet or otherwise (more or less)
as may be required or determined upon. For marking these deviations there is
attached against the inside face of the hollow or box an index face made of platter,
enamelled iron, metal, paper, or other material, and marked at the lower portion of
its circumference where the end of the needle bar or plummet vibrates, with
divisions, the centre or lowest of which indicates the vertical position of the Deedle
bar or plummet, whilst the divisions to the right or left of the vertical position
indicate corresponding deviations therefrom.
The hollowed or boxed space is covered by a metal or other plate secured to the
front of the bar or frame for excluding dirt and draft from the needle plummet
inside. At the lower end of this plate a space is left through which the indications
of the plummet can be seen; this space may be closed by glass over which slides a
cover plate for protecting it from breakage when the instrument is not in use.
By the use of this Invention a workman or other person can readily determine
when an object is perpendicular or otherwise it being more conveniently handled
than the ordinary plumb bob and the workman is able to construct objects on the
batter or overhang without the aid of a battering plumb rule as heretofore.
It is also lighter in weight and always ready for use, unaffected by wind or
draught, strictly correct in working and cannot get out of order, besides serving the
purpose of a straight edge.
JMPROVEMENTS IN COAT HANGERS OR ATTACHMENTS FOR HANGING CLOTHING AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES BY TO PEGS, HOOKS, OR OTHER PROJECTIONS."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1879. A communi-
cation from abroad by the "European and United States Patent Exchange," a
Company or Firm transacting Patent business in New York City, County, and
State.
WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, of the Firm of W. P. Thompson and Co., of
323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, and of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, British and International Patent Agents and Consulting
Engineers. "JMPROVEMENTS IN COAT HANGERS OR ATTACHMENTS FOR HANGING
CLOTHING AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES BY TO PEGS, HOOKS, OR OTHER PROJECTIONS."
A communication from abroad by the European and United States Patent
Exchange," a Company or Firm transacting Patent business in New York City,
County, and State.
ft
This Invention consists essentially in a metallic chain attached to the coat by a
plate at each end formed with holes or projecting pieces, by which it can be sewn
or fixed onto a coat or other article of clothing instead of using tape as at present.
The plate can be of any convenient shape, but it is best made with the eye or loop
by which it is attached to the coat punched out of the solid, so that no soldering
of an eye is required. The holes for sewing or the projections for attaching are also
stamped out at the same time. I much prefer holes and attaching the plate by
sewing, but it could be attached by projections passed through the cloth and bent
and clenched on the other side. In such case it is better to attach the plate on the
inside and let the eyo and the projections for fastening project through the stuff to
the outside of the interior surface of the coat. Instead of stamping the eye out of
the solid plate a double eye can be formed, or a pin with a head on one side tho
plate and an eye on the other.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF FITTING PACKING CASES FOR THE RECEPTION OF WINE AND OTHER BOTTLES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Alexander Maxwell, of Gt. Victoria St., Belfast,
in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Packing Case Maker, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF FITTING PACKING CASES FOR THE RECEPTION OF
WINE AND OTHER BOTTLES."
Sealed the 6th February 1880, and dated the 21st November 1879.
PROVISIONAI. SPECIFICATION left by the said David Alexander Maxwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1879.
DAVID ALEXANDER MAXWELL, of Gt. Victoria St., Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, Packing Case Maker. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF FITTING PACKING
CASES FOR THE RECEPTION OF WINE AND OTHER BOTTLES."
This Invention relates to a novel mode of packing bottles for transit, the object
being to effect an economy in the fitting and re-fitting of the cases.
The Invention applies more particularly to the packing of bottles containing
effervescing drinks, the prime cost of which is so low as to offer very little margin
for the expense of packing the same.
These bottles when emptied by traders are repacked for return to the manu-
facture in the cases in which they were received. If, however, the cases are in
any way damaged they now require a skilled workman to refit them for the
reception of the empty bottles in consequence of the partitions and supports for
the same being firmly fixed to the sides and ends of the case. If, on the other
hand, the partitions which separate the bottles break down in the course of transit
the bottles become loose and serve to destroy one another.
To avoid these inconveniences I fit the packing case with removable partitions,
say of the total depth of the bottles, but formed of two, three, or more skeleton
frames placed one upon the other, and fitting against the sides and ends of the

page_text: case. These skeleton frames are composed of cross pieces of thin wood "halved"
together by making transverse saw cuts halfway across the pieces of wood, and
locking these pieces crosswise into one another, so as to form rectangular cells.
These frames I pile one upon the other within the case until the requisite depth of
partition is obtained, and should any one or more of these frames become broken
it is only necessary to remove it and drop another frame into its place.
Again, if one of these frames should become broken in transitu the remaining
frames will serve to retain the bottles in place, and thus prevent them from
striking one against the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC LIGHTING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Lewis Coke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1879.
ARCHIBALD LEWIS COKE, of Clifton, in the City and County of Bristol, Artist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC LIGHTING."
This Invention consists in enabling the full power of electricity generated by an
electric engine, battery, or other generator of electric light to be fully turned on to
each light or series of lights in succession. Take for example two lights; by
allowing the contact to be broken, say, 1000 times in a minute, so that each light
shall have 500 contacts, it is evident that during the brief time each contact lasts
each light has the full power, and that at no time is the power divided. In the
case of two lights each will in this way receive one half of the power, and this
alone, and not at the same time with the other. I do not say that so quick a change
is necessary; the connexion may be broken more or less frequently, as is found best,
according to the light required and the number of lights, and in the same way three
or a larger number of lights may successively receive the power. The contact may
be made and broken in any of the well-known ways, aided by machinery of any
convenient kind. I claim the use of the power of the engine (or other generator
of electric light) in rotation to two or more lights, so that only one light or a series
of lights at a time shall be in actual contact, but by the rapid renewal of the
current of electricity the light shall be continuous in appearance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STOVES OR GRATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1879.
"
WILLIAM JOHN RUSSELL, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOVES OR GRATES."
This Invention has reference to gas and other stoves, either portable or fixed
and for the adaptation of the apparatus or parts thereof to existing stoves, grates,
or fire-places, the object being to warm an appartment more economically than
is usual.
That part of the Invention that has reference to portable stoves consists in
forming the case either of a circular, rectangular or other suitable shape in plan.
At the bottom or lower part of this case there is a chamber that has either
communication with the air of the room or with the atmosphere out of doors. The
front portion of the case is fitted with bars and a grate somewhat like those used
in an ordinary fire-place, and from the chamber before referred to there rises a
number of tubes or pipes which ascend through the grate and open into a chamber
at the top of the stove. This chamber is furnished with a peforated plate at its
top, front, or sides, so that in all cases it communicates with the air of the room. A
burner or burners consuming atmospheric air and gas is placed beneath the
grate or so that the jets of burning gas and air may pass between the grate bars
and impinge upon pieces of asbestos, fire clay, or other similar material, with
which the grate is charged. When the asbestos or fire clay are sufficiently
heated the tubes or pipes will also become heated and cause a current of cool
air from the bottom of the room, or air from outside to rush through the
tubes or pipes and be emitted into the upper chamber, and from thence through
the perforated plate or plates into the apartment to be warmed, while the products
of combustion are carried away by a suitable conduit from behind into the
chimney.
For the application of this plan to ordinary fireplaces it is necessary that the
arrangement should be somewhat modified, the case being made to fit the existing
fire-place, but the essentials, namely, a chamber below, a number of pipes passing
through the heated asbestos and a chamber above communicating with the air in
the apartment are still the same.
These stoves may be made removable, or they may be substantially fixed in
the position they are intended to occupy, and the fuel used to heat the pipes or

page_text: tubes and air may be either gas coal, coke, or any other ordinarily used for the
purpose. The tubes or pipes may be made of metal, fire clay, or any other suitable
material.
By the adoption of this system much economy is effected in consequence of the
tubes being surrounded or nearly surrounded by the incandescent mass. A given
quantity of air is therefore raised to a much higher temperature, or a given
temperature is attained with much less fuel than is ordinarily the case, and the
heat is not only radiated from the stove, but a constant stream of warm or hot
air is thrown into the apartment.
IMPROVED METHOD OF FIXING ANY DESCRIPTION OF STEM, SLIDE- BAR, OR SIMILAR PIECE THAT REQUIRES ADJUSTMENT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel King Barnes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1879.
SAMUEL KING BARNES, of 17, Julian Street, Norwich, in the County of Norfolk,
Engineer. "IMPROVED METHOD OF FIXING ANY DESCRIPTION OF STEM, SLIDE-
BAR, OR SIMILAR PIECE THAT REQUIRES ADJUSTMENT."
The object of my Invention is to apply a more certain and simple method of
adjustment to the knives of hoes, coulters of ploughs, or any similar description
of sliding piece, instead of by the usual set screw or pin.
My improvement consists in casting a projection or projections inside one face of
the mortice hole, through which the stem, knife, or slide-bar may pass.
In the corresponding face of the stem, knife, or slide-bar I make a series of
recesses which fit over the projections, as before described. The stem, knife, or
slide-bar may be adjusted into any required position, according to the number and
extent of the notches or recesses provided on it, with any one of these notches or
recesses fitting over the projection or projections in the mortice hole, as before
described.
When placed in the required position the stem, knife, or slide-bar may be
securely fixed there by a key placed between it and the back edge of the mortice.
hole.
When the key is wedged in the mortice hole the stem, knife, or slide-bar cannot
possibly move or jar out, and is thus more effectually secured than by a set screw,
or by a key alone.
For hoe knives I use a bracket of suitable material sliding on a T shaped frame,
and carrying in a suitable mortice hole a sliding knife, adjustable, and secured by
projection, recesses, and locking keys, as before described.
The bracket carrying the knife may be fixed in any suitable position by a set
screw.
MENTS IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING THE TANGS OF KNIFE BLADES TO THE HANDLES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO TOOLS AND OTHER ARTICLES.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Walker Moore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January 1879.
ALFRED WALKER MOORE, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF CONNECTING THE TANGS OF KNIFE BLADES TO THE
HANDLES, THE SAME BEING APPLICABLE TO TOOLS AND OTHER ARTICLES.".
The said Invention consists in so constructing the tangs of knives, forks, surgical
instruments, mechanical tools, and other similar articles, that the knife blade or
other appliance to which the tang is attached is firmly and securely connected to
the handle, whilst at the same time it can be readily and easily disconnected there-
from, thus allowing the handles to be changed at will, and when desired one
handle can be conveniently and advantageously employed for a number of tools or
instruments.
The tang of the knife or other article is formed of any suitable section to prevent
it from moving in the handle, and gradually diminishes in size towards the lower
end, which is turned up or slightly enlarged. The handle of the knife or other
article may be constructed of any suitable material, and is provided with a hole
through the centre of its entire length. The tang is passed through the said hole,
and is of such a length as to allow the turned up or enlarged end thereof to protrude
beyond the lower end of the handle, and the turned up portion or enlargement to
spring into position over the lower edge of the hole in the latter. The tang fits
tightly into the upper part of the hole in the handle, but is of less diameter at the
lower end. The tang is by preference slightly curved, in order to ensure the springing
into position of the turned up portion or enlargement.
A inodification of the above described arrangement consists in forming the lower
end of the tang of a fork like shape, one or both ends of the same being turned up
or enlarged as desired.
By a simple movement of the turned up or enlarged portion of the tang the same
can be easily withdrawn from the handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTED METAL PLATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Antoine Desmurs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
JULES ANTOINE DESMURS, of No. 2, Broadwater Cottages, Thomas Street, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTED
METAL PLATES."
My Invention relates to means of producing on metal plates designs which may
have various colours or various metals presented on different parts of their surfaces.
For this purpose I print on the plate, preferably by lithography, but it may be by
dry surface printing, the desired design, taking care that the ink employed is of a
greasy or oleaginous character. I then subject the printed plate to the etching
action of an acid, which corrodes the light or unprinted portions of the surface,
leaving the darks or printed portions in relief; the ink being then removed by an
alkaline or other solvent, the plate presents the design in relief. When a design is
thus produced on tin or tinned iron plate the etched portions have a surface of a
mordant character, which readily takes on colouring matter, and such etched plates
being dipped into baths of dye-stuff become dyed in their etched parts. The printed
and etched plate, without having the ink removed from it, may have metal such as
silver or gold electrically deposited on the etched portions of its surface, the other
portions being protected by the ink; and plates so treated may after removal of
the ink be again etched in the parts that were inked (the other parts being pro-
tected by the gilding or less corrodible metal deposited thereon), and have those
parts coloured or faced by the deposit of another metal such as silver, so that the
plate may present the appearance of a silver design on a gold ground, or the
converse.
When tinned plates are etched by nitric acid, and have the ink removed, they
may have metal electrically deposited on the parts of the surface that were inked,
the other portions being protected by the compound of tin formed on their surface
by the action of the acid.
Plates that have been etched may be etched more deeply if desired, or may be
prepared for the electric bath by pressing the etched plate on a smooth lithographic
stone inked uniformly over its surface; the raised parts of the etched plate thus
become covered by ink, which protects them from the action of acid during another
etching, or prevents deposit upon them in the electric bath.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO GAS STOVES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Edwin Prust at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th August 1879.
JOSEPH EDWIN PRUST, of Herbert Road, Smallheath, Birmingham, Gas Stove
Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO GAS
STOVES."
The object of this Invention which relates to certain useful improvements in or
relating to gas-stoves to be used for illuminating and heating purposes, is to
preserve the reflector with which such stoves are generally provided from the
action of damp and other causes which tend to tarnish, deaden or destroy its
superficial brightness whereby its functions are impaired.
The reflector is adapted or fitted to the stove-frame in a horizontal or other
desired position and is made preferably of copper coated with nickel or other
suitable white metal or alloys of metal.
At or near the head in front or at the sides of the frame between the gas-burners
and the reflector I arrange for the purpose above specified a piece or pieces of
coloured glass or tale, or other suitable transparent or tinted substance so as
to communicate a reflex of the same color upon the metal reflector below or
around it.
In ordinary gas-stoves the metallic reflector becomes quickly tarnished by
moisture, the heat of the gas, the burnt air, and other causes, but the coating of
the reflecting surface with nickel or other equivalent preserving metal or alloy as
above described, protects its original brightness, the latter being further enhanced
by means of the colored glass or other means above referred to, fixed suitably
above or around it.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STOPPERING BOTTLES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Frederick Hoyne, of 7, Water Lane, Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STOPPERING BOTTLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Frederick Hoyne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1879.
JAMES FREDERICK HOYNE, of 7, Water Lane, Queen Victoria Street, in the City
of London, Merchant. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STOPPERING BOTTLES."
The object of this Invention is to so stopper bottles that the cork cannot be
withdrawn for the purpose of adulterating the contents, or for any other purpose
without detection.
In carrying out my Invention I sink or drive the cork sufficiently deep into the
neck of the bottle, and then place sealing wax or other suitable material upon the
surface of the cork, on which I place a button or disc of glass or other suitable
material; this button or disc is preferably (though not necessarily) made concave
on its under surface, the centre being thin and the sides or edges thick.
I also use a capsule of glass or other suitable material made in two portions and
cemented together; this capsule I place on the top of the neck of the bottle in
lieu of the coverings at present employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Frederick Hoyne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th May 1880.
JAMES FREDERICK HOYNE, of 7, Water Lane, Queen Victoria Street, in the City
of London, Merchant. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STOPPERING BOTTLES."
The object of this Invention is to so stopper bottles that the cork cannot be
withdrawn for the purpose of adulterating the contents, or for any other purpose
without detection.
My Invention will be clearly understood on reference to the accompanying
Drawings, and in carrying the Invention into effect I sink or drive the cork a, as
shown in Figure 1, sufficiently deep into the neck of the bottle b, and then place
sealing wax or other suitable material c upon the surface of the cork, on which I
place a button or disc d of glass or other suitable material. The button or disc is
preferably (though not necessarily) made concave on its under surface, the centre
being thin and the sides or edges thick. This disc d is shown in section and in
plan in Figure 2.
I also use a capsule e of glass or other suitable material, as shown in Figure 3,
or as in section Figure 4, made in two portions and cemented together; this
capsule I place on the top of the neck of the bottle in lieu of the coverings at
present employed.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
The improved method of stoppering bottles as hereinbefore described, and
substantially as shown in the annexed Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Frederick Hoyne, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty seventh day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
TOVNE
IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR PUMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gerry Oliver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st August 1879.
JOHN GERRY OLIVER, of Holsworthy, in the County of Devon. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AIR PUMPS."
This Invention relates to improvements in air pumps or exhausters, the object of
the improvements being to simplify the construction and action of such pumps.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a moveable cylinder open at the top and
working in guides in a suitable bracket firmly fixed to the underside of a stand or
table; to the lower end of the said cylinder is attached the upper end of a screw,
which screw works in a corresponding female screw in a cross piece at the lower
end of the said bracket; the screw is operated by bevil gearing driven by hand or
power. In the said moveable cylinder is placed a hollow or solid piston firmly
fixed to the said table and suitably packed so as to fit air tight in the moveable
cylinder. In the lower end of the moveable cylinder are two or more cocks or
valves.
One of these cocks is connected by a flexible tube to the vessel to be exhausted
and the other cock is closed, then if the cylinder be moved downwards by its screw
the air or part of the air in the vessel to be exhausted will by its expansion pass
therefrom to fill the vacuum which would otherwise be formed in the said cylinder.
The said cock may now be closed and the other cock opened, and the cylinder being
moved back will discharge the air from the same, and the cocks being again
reversed the cylinder may be put in motion for completing if required the
exhaustion of the vessel to be emptied.
It will be understood that the pump may also be used as an air compresser.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA OR ON OTHER WATERS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Murray Somerville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1879.
DAVID MURRAY SOMERVILLE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. “AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA OR ON OTHER WATERS, APPLICABLE
ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object a combined seat and life raft useful for ships' use
or on ice. As adapted for sen-going ships I usually form it of two seats back to
back, the backs hinged together at top The seats are lockers, and under the seats
are pontoons chained together and working on axes behind, or fixed in such manner
that when the hinge is opened the backs form the floor, deck, or hold of the pontoon,
the seats or lockers, the sides, the arms, the ends, and the two pontoons float below,
and with the seat-lockers keep the whole buoyant. Two bars with spring catches
are all that have to be moved (on the hinge being opened) to hold the raft in place.
The rudders, oars, masts, and sails, if used, can in ordinary times be packed away in
the lockers. When in use the rudders are fixed on rudder posts at each side, swivelling
out of the way when not in use, but held by spring catch or otherwise when swung
into position. In order to enable the boat to proceed quicker under sail the
"rudder posts" at the bow similar to those at the stern are fitted with a hinged
cut water folding up flat when not in use. The rowlocks are also stowed away in
the lockers and when wanted are fixed in sockets on their sides. The mast can be
shipped into a socket at the bow, which socket like that at the stern can also be
used for rowlocks for steering. The mast is stayed by eyebolts at the end on each
side, which eyebolts can also be used for towing. To these and the bottom of the
rowlock sockets I attach lifelines when desired. The "legs" of the seat form part
of the front and stern boards, project beyond the raft and prevent it from being
stove in. Sometimes I make the entire bottom of the seat down to the deck a
single pontoon or locker, and in such case have the two backs about 18 inches or so
apart with pontoons fastened in between and a socket for mast and rudder as before.
When using it for ice the seats are pontoons and it opens out flat on the bottom and
can be slid over the ice like a sledge till it arrives at the hole where the immersed
skaters are struggling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING, UTILIZING, TRANSMITTING, AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cambell Stevenson and
Edward Mounsey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th
May 1879.
JAMES CAMBELL STEVENSON and EDWARD MOUNSEY, both of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO HYDRAULIC
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING, UTILIZING, TRANSMITTING, AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER."
Our Invention relates to a method of applying and utilizing the rise and fall of
tidal waters or other waters for obtaining motive power by pumping or forcing
water or other fluid to elevations from which such water or fluid can be conveyed
through pipes to any requisite point to be used as a motive agent, or for other
purposes for which water or liquid under pressure is applicable.
In carrying our Invention into practice the apparatus we use consists of a float
or floats, which may be in the form of a pontoon or pontoons. Each float or
pontoon is borne by water, which is subjected to rise and fall either by natural
causes, such as the rise and fall of tidal waters, or by artificial causes, such as the
introduction of water and the withdrawal of the same into and from docks or
basins. For convenience of description we will describe a single apparatus according
to our Invention, actuated by the rise and fall of the tide. We use a pontoon
which is contained in a dock or basin which is open to the inflow and outflow of
tidal waters; or the pontoon may be confined within columns or piers positioned
in and open to a tidal way. In connection with the pontoons we construct a series
of rams or other suitable force pumps, the suction of which is consequent upon the
lowering of the pontoon by the outflow of the tide, and the discharge of which is
consequent upon the rising of the pontoon by the inflow of the tide. The discharge
of these pumps forces water or other liquid into an accumulator tower, or to other
elevation, from which the water or other liquid can be conveyed by pipes, and used
as a motive power for driving machinery or for other useful purposes.
In further carrying out our Invention we use a series of docks or basins, which
can be filled by the inflow of the tide, such docks or basins being provided with
Drine I

page_text: sluices, some for shutting off the communication with the tideway, and some for
opening communication between such docks and basins and the dock or basin
which contains the pontoon which actuates the pumping apparatus. By this
arrangement we are enabled to give a number of strokes to the pumps corresponding
with the auxiliary docks or basins which we employ.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS-HOLDERS.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cutler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1879.
SAMUEL CUTLER, of Millwall, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS-HOLDERS.
"
This Invention has for its object the improvement of gasholders in such a
manner as to increase their strength, and refers both to the arrangement of the
sheets, and the method of constructing gasholders when made with three lifts.
The first part of the Invention consists in so connecting the sheets together that
they will break joint in such a manner, that neither radial nor concentric lines of
rivets will exist as has hitherto been the custom, and that no line of rivets will be
greater than the length of one sheet, and the breadth of the next one.
means much greater strength is ensured with the same amount of metal, or the
same strength with a smaller amount of metal.
By these
The second part of the Invention relates to gasholders made with three lifts.
Hitherto there has been great difficulty in providing sufficiently strong and rigid
guides on the middle lift for the inner lift to work against, owing to the small
space existing between the sides of each holder. To meet this difficulty it is
proposed by the present Invention to strengthen the inner lift with lattice or other
vertical interior stays, and to attach to each of the stays at its lower end and
within the gasholder a guide wheel. It is further proposed to erect within the
tank a number of pillars, to each of which a guide is to be attached, and against
which guide the guide wheels will roll. The guides will be expanded at their
upper part or made somewhat trumpet shaped, so as to ensure that the interior
guide wheels of the inner lift when descending shall enter the guides freely.
Where gasholders are made with untrussed roofs, it is usual to provide a framing
composed of columns suitably braced together for the support of such roof when the
inner lift is at rest within the tank, and in such case the columns of the framing
may be made available for the attachment of the guides. The upper part or dip of
the middle lift is furnished with guide rollers, the carriages of which extend
outwardly so as to form a flange that serves to support it when stationary in
the tank upon the top of the outer lift which has also a flange for this purpose.

page_text: At the bottom of the middle lift and beneath its cup are attached guide rollers
that work against the inner side of the outer lift, the outer lift being strengthened
or made rigid at these points by the application of vertical stays on the outside.
The outer lift has also both at top and bottom guide wheels that roll against the
guides fixed to the columns in the usual way. By these means substantial support
may be given to the middle lift, and the inner and outer lifts rendered sufficiently
rigid to serve as efficient guides for it when in motion..
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR "LASTING" BOOTS AND SHOES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Balme at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1870.
$
ALFRED BALME, of Leeds, in the County of York. A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR "LASTING" BOOTS AND SHOES."
upper
The object of my Invention is to effect the "lasting" of boots and shoes by
machinery, producing a great saving of time and more perfect fit than when hand
labour is used for this purpose. According to my Invention, the "
"is placed
on a "last" by ordinary means, and this is mounted on a vertical pin fixed on an
adjustable sliding table and in order to complete the "lasting" of the boot or shoe,
or in other words, to secure the " upper "and toe piece to the "in sole," it is
necessary that the "upper" should be drawn or stretched over the "in sole" and
secured thereto by tacks or nails.
For this purpose, on suitable framework or bed, I mount a column to which is
attached, and at right angles with it, an arm, on this is hung a head or carrier
which can be moved up or down by means of a screw and hand wheel; to this
head or carrier are attached any required number of spring jaws, which are made
adjustable to suit the various sizes or shapes of boots and shoes; these are brought
to a suitable distance down the sides of the "uppers," and by a lever arrangement
are caused to grip the leather, after which an upward motion is given to the spring
jaws which has the effect of dragging or drawing with them the leather over the
"in sole" and on to tacks which have been already supplied or inserted in it.
When drawn sufficiently over the tacks I bring to bear thereon an arrangement of
levers for the purpose of clenching the tacks and thereby securing the "in sole"
and "upper."
The movements required in this machine may be effected by levers operated by
means of hand or treadles.
All the parts that are effected by the sizes and shapes of the boots or shoes are
made adjustable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Robson Newlove and George
Marshall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February
1879.
•
ROBERT ROBSON NEWLOVE and GEORGE MARSHALL, both of the Town and
County of the Town of Nottingham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES."
Our improved tuyeres are applicable to smiths' hearths, cupola and blast furnaces,
coke and charcoal fires, and all purposes for which tuyeres are used. Each tuyere
consists of two parts, the back or body part and the nozzle, each of which are
formed with three chambers which surround a central air way. Two of the chambers
in the nozzle are of a suitable shape to receive the heads of two bolts, which may
be either square, round, T, or L shaped. The stems of the bolts are of such length
that they pass through and project beyond two of the chambers of the body; the
outer ends of the bolts are screw threaded and provided with screwed nuts and
washers by which the nozzle is attached to the body. Instead of screwing the back
ends of the bolts we may employ keys where required to secure the bolts in place;
such keys will lie in spaces provided for that purpose in the body. Tuyeres so
constructed when the upper side is burnt away or nearly so can have the nozzle
turned half round or be replaced by a new one by loosening the bolts, as each bolt
is entirely cut off from the water circulating through the tuyere, the said water
being fed to and expelled from the tuyere by pipes in the usual way.