IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS BY MEANS OF HOT WATER OR STEAM to be as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: OI HOT water or Steam.
I AMBROSE MARRIOTT of the Iron Works Higham Ferrers, in the county of
Northampton, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS BY MEANS OF HOT WATER
OR STEAM to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to improvements in boilers for heating buildings by means
of hot water or steam the object of the improvements being to provide a large
amount of heating surface and at the same time to provide for the expansion of
parts of the apparatus so as to lessen the risk of the boiler cracking.
In carrying out my invention I construct the apparatus of a cylindrical form in
plan and in several different parts or sections and I provide the same with a fire
grate of suitable construction; each of the sections consists of an annular chamber
provided with radial plates connected together alternately at their inner and outer
ends so as to form heating surfaces and water chambers alternately; the heating
spaces between the radial plates of each section being so arranged relatively to
each other that the heating surfaces or spaces of one section shall come immediately
over the water chambers of the next section; communication between the water
chamber or space of each section is formed by means of passages from one chamber
or space to the next above or below it. I supply the fuel for heating the apparatus
from the top thereof through a tube extending from the top of the apparatus to the
fire chamber and provided with a suitable cover; the products of combustion after
circulating through the heating spaces pass off through an opening in the cover of
the apparatus and suitable flow and return pipes for the circulation of the hot
water are provided; the several sections are connected together by means of bolts
passing through the hereinbefore described passages from the top to the bottom of
the apparatus.
The top and bottom surfaces of the radial portions of the water chambers are
inclined so as to leave a space between the sections for the circulation of the heat
and products of combustion.
Doors are provided for charging the fire from the lower part of the apparatus if
required also the usual cleaning out and soot doors.

page_text: 3
of Hot Water or Steam.
I AMBROSE MARRIOTT, of the Iron Works, Higham Ferrers, in the county of
Northampton, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to improvements in boilers for heating buildings by means
of hot water or steam the object of the improvements being to provide a large
amount of heating surface and at the same time to provide for the expansion of
parts of the apparatus so as to lessen the risk of the boiler cracking.
In carrying out my invention. I construct the apparatus of a cylindrical form in
plan and in several different parts or sections and I provide the same with a fire
grate of suitable construction; each of the upper sections consists of an annular
chamber provided with radial plates connected together alternately at their inner
and outer ends so as to form heating surfaces and water chambers alternately; the
heating spaces between the radial plates of each section being so arranged
relatively to each other, that the heating surfaces or spaces of one section shall
come immediately over the water chambers of the next section; communication
between the water chamber or space of each section is formed by means of
passages from one chamber or space to the next above or below it. I supply the
fuel for heating the apparatus from the top thereof through a tube extending from
the top of the apparatus to the fire chamber and provided with a suitable cover;
the products of combustion after circulating through the heating spaces pass off
through an opening in the cover of the apparatus and suitable flow and return pipes
for the circulation of the hot water are provided; the several sections are connected
together by means of bolts passing through the herein before described passages
from the top to the bottom of the apparatus.
-The top or bottom surfaces (or both) of the radial portions of the water chambers
are inclined so as to leave a space between the sections for the circulation of the
heat and products of combustion.
Doors are provided for charging the fire from the lower part of the apparatus if
required also the usual cleaning out and soot doors.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood, I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which figure 1, represents
a front elevation of an apparatus for heating buildings by means of hot water or
steam constructed according to my invention; figure 2, represents a vertical section

page_text: n the line A, B, of figure 1, and figure 3 represents a sectional plan on the line
, D, of figure 1.-Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in all the
gures of the drawing. a, a, a, a, represent the several different parts or sections
f which the apparatus is formed, the said parts being of a circular shape in plan
s clearly shewn in figure 3. The sections a, of the apparatus are placed one above
nother as shewn; b, is the fire grate or fire place formed by the two lowermost
ections a. A suitable cover a¹, is placed over the top section a, and the whole is
nounted on a suitable base plate a², which also serves as a receptacle for the ashes
and dust which fall from the grate b; c, c, c, represent the annular chambers of the
apper sections a and d, d, are the radial plates with which the said chambers are
provided on the inside thereof; the radial plates d, are connected together alter-
nately at their inner and outer ends as shewn in figure 3, so as to form alternate
heating surfaces or spaces e, and water chambers f. The water chambers f, are
open at one end to the annular chambers c, as shewn, thereby allowing a freo
circulation of water throughout each of the sections a. The sections a, are mounted
above one another as hereinbefore described, and are so arranged relatively to each
other that the heating surfaces or spaces e, of each section are immediately over
the water chamber f, of the next section below.
The sections forming the grate or fire chamber b, however being formed without
the radial plates d; g, g, are the openings or passages formed in the top and bottom
of each of the sections a, above the fire chamber d whereby communication is
formed between the water chambers or spaces f, of each section and those of the
sections above and below; it will be obvious that the water chamber sections a, at
the top and bottom of the apparatus will only require the passages g, formed in the
bottom and the top of the said sections respectively; h, is the tube to allow of
supplying the fire chamber or grate with fuel, the said tube depending from the
cover a¹, and extending downwards to the top of the fire chamber or grate b, as
shewn in figure 2; h¹, is the cover of the tube h; i, is the opening in the cover a¹,
of the apparatus for allowing the products of combustion (after circulating through
the heating spaces of the apparatus) to pass away through a chimney i; j and k,
represent the flow and return pipes respectively for the circulation of the hot water;
1,1, are the bolts which pass through all the sections a, from the top to the bottom
of the apparatus and serve to connect them together, the said bolts 1, passing
through the openings or passages g.
I have shewn in figure 2, the bottom surfaces of the radial water chambers f,
inclined so as to leave a space between the sections a.
These spaces serve to allow of the circulation of the products of combustion and
heat between the upper and under surfaces of the sections on their way to the
chimney, but it will be obvious that the upper surfaces of the chambers f, can
also if found necessary be inclined with the same object; a is the door to allow of
feeding the grate b, with fuel from the lower part of the apparatus if required.
In this case the chambers in the lower sections a, in which the grate is formed,
instead of being formed entirely round the said sections are terminated leaving a
sufficient space between the ends to form an opening a³, to allow of the introduc-
tion of the fuel; m, m, are the doors for cleaning out the apparatus.
By this construction it will be seen that the heat generated in the fire grate b,
will be caused to circulate over a very large extent of surface so as to utilize the
said heat as much as possible and the peculiar construction of the water chambers
and arrangement of the apparatus in sections as described and shewn allow of local
expansion without risk of the boiler cracking; the water entering at j, j, will pass
down through the various sections of the apparatus and through the radial chambers
of the same and will leave the apparatus at h, k, thoroughly heated to be used for
heating purposes and after circulating through the building or other place to be
heated, will return to the apparatus at j, j, to be again heated and so on the
5 products of combustion passing out of the apparatus through the chimney ¿¹.

page_text: -
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1. Constructing boilers for heating buildings of a number of sections such as are
herein described and shewn in the drawing the said sections being arranged and
connected together in the manner and for the purpose, hereinbefore described and
represented in the accompanying drawing.
2. The improved apparatus for heating buildings by means of hot water or steam,
herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawing.