AN IMPROVED COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR HEATING AND COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: [Communicated from abroad by Oscar Offrion, of Paris, France.]
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M. and Win Clark of
53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED FOR HEATING AND
COOKING PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for roasting coffee and for
other purposes whereby great advantages are obtained over those in use both as
regards its working and multiplicity of the applications of which it is susceptible.
This apparatus may serve at once as a permanent heating stove, oven or drying
stove with current of hot or cold air as required. It comprises 1st a complete roaster
yielding an invariable product combining the desired qualities of aroma and weight.
2nd a cooler whereby the roasting operation is instantaneously arrested, to which
may be added a simple and convenient cleaner or winnower, the whole being
hermetically closed in order to retain all the aroma of the roasted coffee.
The
apparatus represented by way of example in the accompanying Drawings consists
of two casings a and b, Figure .1, of which one contains the spherical roaster c.
The other serves as a permanent heating stove. The casing of the apparatus is
so arranged that no smoke or vapors can escape either from the fuel or the coffee.
The fire basket d and the funnel or hopper e are mounted upon the same vertical
shaft fupon which they pivot, being furnished with friction rollers g running upon
a circular rail. Any other means of obtaining this motion may however be
employed.
4
The spherical roaster c is mounted at the upper part of casing b and may be
opened and closed in any known way although several automatic modes of opening
and closing it are here described whereby it may be opened without at same time
opening the furnace thus avoiding the escape of any disagreeable or injurous
odours.
The first mode consists of a spring button c¹ terminating interiorly in a sort of
latch and which in consequence of the pressure of the finger on the button, engages
with the sliding door in its movement of rotation until on arriving at the end of
its course the roaster is arrested.

page_text: When the roasted coffee is to be turned out into the cooler it is only necessary
to release the button c¹ whereupon the spring returns to its normal position and
the roaster can be rotated until its door is immediately above the cooler. A second
arrangement consists of an arc (Figure 4) turning upon two pivots, slides or in
other suitable manner and carried by the casing of the apparatus. This arc has a
notch which engages with the flange of the sliding door whose plane is at right
angles to the plane of the arc so that by moving the are in the direction of the
arrow it will carry with it, and open the door.
Another means shown in Figure 5 consists of a curved rack jactuated by a
toothed wheel turned by a handle or otherwise this rack engaging with and moving
the door as in the last arrangement.
The cooler k consists of a cylinder carried by a frame supported by gudgeons in
a supporting carriage ¹. The cylinder is thus capable of being revolved upon its
horizontal axis 1-2 and it is also capable of being turned about its vertical axis,
the cylinder being for this purpose carried by grooved rollers ² pivoted to its sides
and running between the rails of the circumferential frame n to which the
gudgeons 1-2 are attached. The cylinder is closed at the ends by two loose
covers locked in position by bayonet fastenings a tight closure being ensured
by an indiarubber washer.
Figure 2bis shows a cooler with a water jacket closed by screw plugs 13.
To cool the freshly roasted coffee the cooler is rotated on its horizontal axis to
bring the coffee in contact with its sides the coffee being mixed with previously
cooled coffee when the apparatus Figure 2 is used.
To clean the coffee a sieve shown in Figure 3 is placed in the cylinder and the
latter turned upside down and after replacing the cover, the cylinder is fixed at an
inclination of 45° by means of a disc m and rotated upon its vertical axis whereby
it is caused to receive a vibratory motion necessary for the cleaning operation, by
means of the undulatory form of the guide rails n in which the rollers ² run.
The working of the roaster is as follows. The fire is lighted when the fire basket
is at the left half a of the casing and it is retained in this position for heating the
apartment, the drying stove o, and the oven. This half of the apparatus has
openings fitted with dampers p which may lead to flues for conveying the heat
down to the lower part for heating the drying stove. To roast the coffee the fire
grate is brought round the right hand half of the apparatus beneath the spherical
roaster, the hopper taking the place of the fire. To transfer the roasted coffee to
the cooler the reverse operation is performed the hopper being brought beneath the
roaster. This mobility of the fire grate enables the fire to be withdrawn for a few
moments to permit of the roaster being turned under its acquired heat to re-establish
the equilibrium of temperature throughout the mass of berries which is essential
for regularity of roasting and the prevention of partial carbonisation.
In the operation of roasting, the roaster is turned by the right hand, and with
the left the coffee is transferred suddenly to the cooler precisely at the proper
moment when the roasting and swelling of the berries have attained their
maximum.
The apparatus may be modified according to its intended application, for instance
the roaster may be omitted. The apparatus may be used for cooking confectionary,
a simple arrangement of cover enabling the pans to be placed in position..
The apparatus may also be employed for the purpose of desiccating raw coffee in
the stove before roasting it, also for desiccating other substances.
.
The various other applications of the apparatus will be readily understood by
referring to the other Figures of the Drawing, wherein Figure 6 shows the general
arrangement in front view, Figure 7 a vertical longitudinal section showing its
internal arrangement. Figure 8 is an elevation of the stove alone as used for
warming apartments. Figures 9 and 10 show details of the cooler and cleaner for
the coffee on leaving the roaster, and Figure 11 is a perspective view of the
cleaning sieve,

page_text: Any fuel may be used in the apparatus which combines in one nine different
odorless apparatus heated by a single fire; viz.-(1) A spherical coffee or other
roaster & mounted on gudgeons d¹as before in the right hand casing a of which
the upper part is fixed and the lower part movable. c is the hopper; e the cooler
contained in the lower casing f. The roaster is opened by a spring or hinged
catch d² which is operated by pressing a button d³ whilst continuing to turn the
roaster by handle d whereupon this catch engages with the flange g₁ of cover g.
A small bolt is provided to prevent the button being opened accidentally during the
rotation. The progress of the operation may be inspected at the door a¹ turning
on a hinge a². The odor of the coffee and the products of combustion are carried
off by a flue h leading to the chimney.
(2.) An instantaneous cooler whereby the roasting of the coffee is arrested at its
maximum point without loss of weight or aroma. The cooler e has jacketted
sides e' through which a current of water is run by indiarubber pipes attached to
connections e². The cylinder e has covers retained by bayonet fastenings as
before.
(3.) The cleaner or winnower operating in a closed chamber without loss of
caffeine. The cooler has a seat c³ upon which rests the sieve (Figure 11) which is
held by the cover pressing against the rods i¹ by which it is lifted in and out.
cooler e is on trunnions in a carriage e* and may be rotated thereon in order to
clean or winnow the coffee.
The
(4) The cooler constitutes also a closed chamber to preserve the roasted coffee.
(5.) permanent heating stove with graduated heat, constituted by the casing k
at the left of the apparatus symmetrical with the part a, the lower part being
movable and the upper part fixed, the two movable lower parts being connected by
hoops j and mounted on a common axis / whereby the fire may be brought at the
required moment beneath the roaster. The fire basket m of cast iron wherein the
fire rests on a grating, a space being left between it and the outer envelope for
the circulation of air. m³ is a tray forcing the air to follow the course indicated
by the arrows, Figure 7, before traversing the fire. The air thus heated surrounds
the cylindro-conical chamber n and escapes by flues h to the chimney.
(6.) A cooking oven with a fixed temperature. The cylindro-conical part n
contains at its lower part n¹ a space filled with sand (Figure 7) for preventing
sudden access of heat and above this is the oven with a sliding door o for the
admission of cold air. The air heated in this oven escapes by pipe p having an
outlet at p for warning the apartment and which is closed when the stove
is used.
(7) Pan furnace for making syrups, preserves, &c. For this purpose the fire
basket m is turned a quarter round on its shaft h and is then placed in
communication with a hood leading to the flue at h¹.
(S.) Stove with cold air current for delicate substances. The stove q is formed
of a closed rectangular casing occupying half the base of the apparatus (Figure 7)
and containing partitions q leaving a zigzag passage for the air. The cold air
enters at q and pipe p to which air is admitted by opening door o.
(9.) Stove with hot air current for the desiccation of green products or dry
products which have become damp or mildewed. For this purpose the air heated
to the desired degree in the oven n is conveyed by pipe p to the lower part of the
stove where the alternate arrangement of the partitions p¹ causes it to take the
course indicated by the arrows (Figure 7.) On arriving at the upper part of the
stove the air slightly cooled and charged with moist vapors carried off from
the products being desiccated, passes beneath the ash pit and through the fire as
above mentioned. u is an orifice closed by a screw plug for draining pipe p. The
door of the cooler and that of the oven is opened and closed by the same motion
of a three-armed bolt ? engaging in staples r¹. The oven door is lined internally
with felt or other nonconductor.

page_text: In roasting coffee, the operation is as follows:-The roaster being filled, the fire
is brought under it by releasing latch s from the notch in the incline s¹ on the
hoop and by means of the handle b' rotating the movable part which runs on
friction rollers t. The roaster is continually revolved and when the operation is
judged complete the hopper c is again brought beneath the roaster which is then
emptied through it into the cooler.
Figure 8 shows the stove as used alone. It contains the same parts as those
above described and is specially applicable for domestic and trade use.
The hot air stove is useful in each case for warming plates and dishes at meals
and for warming apartments.

page_text: I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Win. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COFFEE ROASTING APPARATUS WHICH MAY ALSO BE USED AS A STOVE FOR
HEATING AND COOKING PURPOSES " and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for roasting coffee and for other
purposes whereby great advantages are obtained over those in use both as regards
its working and the multiplicity of the applications of which it is susceptible.
This apparatus may serve at once as a permanent heating stove, oven or drying
stove with current of hot or cold air as required. It comprises 1 a com-
plete roaster yielding an invariable product combining the desired qualities of
aroma and weight. 2nd a cooler whereby the roasting operation is instantaneously
arrested, to which may be added a simple and convenient cleaner or winnower, the
whole being hermetically closed in order to retain all the aroma of the roasted
coffee. The apparatus represented by way of example in the accompanying
Drawings consists of two casings a and b, Figure 1, of which one contains the
spherical roaster c. The other serves as a permanent heating stove.
The casing of
the apparatus is so arranged that no smoke or vapors can escape either from the
fuel or the coffee. The fire basket d and the funnel or hopper e are mounted upon
the same vertical shaft upon which they pivot, being furnished with friction
rollers g running upon a circular rail. Any other means. of obtaining this motion
may however be employed.
The spherical roaster c is mounted at the upper part of casing b and may be
opened and closed in any known way although several automatic modes of opening
and closing it are here described whereby it may be opened without at same time
opening the furnace thus avoiding the escape of any disagreeable or injurious
odours.
The first mode consists of a spring button c¹ terminating interiorly in a sort of
latch and which in consequence of the pressure of the finger on the button, engages
with the sliding door in its movement of rotation until on arriving at the end of its
course the roaster is arrested. When the roasted coffee is to be turned out into the
cooler it is only necessary to release the button c' whereupon the spring returns to
its normal position and the roaster can be rotated until its door is immediately
above the cooler. A second arrangement consists of an arc (Figure 4) turning
upon two pivots, slides or in other suitable manner and carried by the casing of the
apparatus. This arc has a notch i which engages with the flange of the sliding
door whose plane is at right angles to the plane of the arc so that by moving the
are in the direction of the arrow it will carry with it, and open the door.
Another means shown in Figure 5 consists of a curved rack ; actuated by a
toothed wheel turned by handle or otherwise, this rack engaging with and moving
the door as in the last arrangement.
The cooler consists of a cylinder carried by a frame supported by gudgeons in
a supporting carriage kl. The cylinder is thus capable of being revolved upon
its horizontal axis 1-2 and it is also capable of being turned about its vertical
axis, the cylinder being for this purpose carried by grooved rollers k² pivoted to its
sides and running between the rails of the circumferential frame n to which the
gudgeons 1-2 are attached. The cylinder is closed at the ends by two loose

page_text: covers locked in position by bayonet fastenings a tight closure being ensured
by an indiarubber washer. Figure 2 bis shows a cooler with a water jacket closed
by screw plugs 13.
To cool the freshly roasted coffee the cooler is rotated on its horizontal axis to
bring the coffee in contact with its sides the coffee being mixed with previously
cooled coffee when the apparatus Figure 2 is used.
To clean the coffee a sieve shown in Figure 3 is placed in the cylinder and the
latter turned upside down and after replacing the cover, the cylinder is fixed at an
inclination of 45° by means of a disc m and rotated upon its vertical axis whereby
it is caused to receive a vibratory notion necessary for the cleaning operation, by
means of the undulatory form of the guide rails n in which the rollers k² run.
The working of the roaster is as follows. The fire is lighted when the fire
basket is at the left half a of the casing and it is retained in this position for
heating the apartment, the drying stove o and the oven. This half of the apparatus
has openings fitted with dampers p which may lead to flues for conveying the heat
down to the lower part for heating the drying stove. To roast the coffee the fire-
grate is brought round to the right hand half of the apparatus beneath the
spherical roaster, the hopper 7 taking the place of the fire. To transfer the roasted
coffee to the cooler the reverse operation is performed the hopper being brought
beneath the roaster. This mobility of the fire grate enables the fire to be
withdrawn for a few moments to permit of the roaster being turned under its
acquired heat to re-establish the equilibrium of temperature through-out the mass
of berries which is essential for regularity of roasting and the prevention of partial
carbonisation.
In the operation of roasting, the roaster is turned by the right hand, and with
the left the coffee is transferred suddenly to the cooler precisely at the proper
moment when the roasting and swelling of the berries have attained their
maximum.
.
The apparatus may be modified according to its intended application, for instance
the roaster may be omitted. The apparatus may be used for cooking confectionery,
a simple arrangement of cover enabling the pans to be placed in position. The
apparatus may also be employed for the purpose of dessicating raw coffee in the
stove before roasting it, also for dessicating other substances.
The various other applications of the apparatus will be readily understood by
referring to the other Figures of the Drawing, wherein Figure 6 shows the general
arrangement in front view, Figure 7 a vertical longitudinal section showing its
internal arrangement. Figure 8 is an elevation of the stove alone as used for
warming apartments. Figures 9 and 10 show details of the cooler and cleaner for
the coffee on leaving the roaster, and Figure 11 is a perspective view of the
cleaning sieve.
.
Any fuel may be used in the apparatus which combines in one nine different
odorless apparatus heated by a single fire viz.:-(1) A spherical coffee or other
roaster & mounted on gudgeons d' as before in the right hand casing a of which
the upper part is fixed and the lower part movable. c is the hopper; e the cooler
contained in the lower casing f. The roaster is opened by a spring or hinged
catch d² which is operated by pressing a button ³ whilst continuing to turn the
roaster by handle d' whereupon this catch engages with the flange g¹ of cover g.
A small bolt is provided to prevent the button being opened accidentally during
the rotation. The progress of the operation may be inspected at the door a²
turning on a hinge a². The odor of the coffee and the products of combustion are
carried off by a flue / leading to the chimney.
(2) An instantaneous cooler whereby the roasting of the coffee is arrested at its
maximum point without loss of weight or aroma. The cooler has jacketted
sides e¹ through which a current of water is run by indiarubber pipes attached to
connections e². The cylinder has covers retained by bayonet fastenings as
before.

page_text: (3) The cleaner or winnower operating in a closed chamber without loss of
caffeine. The cooler has a seat upon which rests the sieve i (Figure 11) which
is held by the cover pressing against the rods by which it is lifted in and out.!
The cooler e is on trunnions in a carriage e* and may be rotated thereon in order to.
clean or winnow the coffee.
(4) The cooler constitutes also a closed chamber to preserve the roasted coffee.
(5) A permanent heating stove with graduated heat, constituted by the casing
at the left of the apparatus symmetrical with the part a, the lower part being
movable and the upper part fixed, the two movable lower parts being connected by
hoops j and mounted on a common axis whereby the fire may be brought at the
required moment beneath the roaster. The fire-basket m of cast iron wherein the
fire rests on a grating, a space being left between it and the outer envelope for the
circulation of air. m' is a tray forcing the air to follow the course indicated by
the arrows, Figure 7, before traversing the fire. The air thus heated surrounds the
cylindro-conical chamber n and escapes by flues to the chimney.
(6) A cooking oven with a fixed temperature. The cylindro-conical part n
contains at its lower part n' a space filled with sand (Figure 7) for preventing
sudden access of heat and above this is the oven with a sliding door o for the
adinission of cold air. The air heated in this oven escapes by pipe p having an
outlet at pl for warming the apartment and which is closed when the stove is used.
(7) Pan furnace for making syrups, preserves &c. For this purpose the fire-
basket m is turned a quarter round on its shaft hand is then placed in commu-
nication with a hood leading to the flue at h¹.
(8) Stove with cold air current for delicate substances. The stove q is formed
of a closed rectangular casing occupying half the base of the apparatus (Figure 7) and
containing partitions q leaving a zigzag passage for the air. The cold air enters
at q² and pipe p to which air is admitted by opening door o.
(9.) Stove with hot air current for the dessication of green products or dry
products which have become damp or mildewed. For this purpose the air heated
to the desired degree in the oven n is conveyed by pipe p to the lower part of the
stove where the alternate arrangement of the partitions p' causes it to take the
course indicated by the arrows (Figure 7). On arriving at the upper part of the
stove the air slightly cooled and charged with moist vapors carried off from the
products being dessicated, passes beneath the ash pit and through the fire as above
mentioned. u is an orifice closed by a screw plug for draining pipe p. The door
of the cooler and that of the oven is opened and closed by the same motion of a
three-arned bolt engaging in staples 7. The oven door is lined internally with
felt or other nonconductor.
C
In roasting coffee, the operation is as follows: The roaster being filled, the fire is
brought under it by releasing latch s from the notch in the incline s¹ on the hoop j
and by means of the handle 61 rotating the movable part which runs on friction
rollers t. The roaster is continually revolved and when the operation is judged
complete the hopper c is again brought beneath the roaster which is then emptied
through it into the cooler.
Figure 8 shows the stove as used alone. It contains the same parts as those
above described and is specially applicable for domestic and trade use.
The hot air stove is useful in each case for warming plates and dishes at meals
and for warming apartments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
_
1st In a coffee roasting apparatus as described, the combination of the spherical
roaster drying stove o, oven and cooler (provided with a water jacket as
represented in Figure 2 bis) as specified.

page_text: 2nd In a coffee roasting apparatus as described the employment of a spring
button c¹ (Figure 1) or rack j (Figure 5) operated by a pinion, for opening and
closing the spherical roaster as described.
3rd The combination with the coffee roasting apparatus of a cooler k, capable of
being revolved upon its horizontal axis 1. 2 as well as of turning about a vertical
axis upon the undulated rails n the said cooler being also rendered applicable for
cleaning the coffee by the addition of the sieve Figure 3, as described.
4th A coffee roasting apparatus in which the fire basket and hopper are both
pivoted upon the same vertical shaft f, so as to enable the one or other to
be brought beneath the spherical roaster as described and shown in Figures 1, 6
and 7.