Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus Used in Weaving Brussels and Piled Carpets and other Fabrics.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 15th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 27th June, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus Used in Weaving Brussels
and Piled Carpets and other Fabrics.
We, ALBERT WEBB, of St. Mary's Terrace, London Road, and of Copenhagen
Street both in Worcester, Carpet Manufacturer, GEORGE MATTHIAS WHITTALL,
of Spring Bank, Wribbenhall, near Bewdley, in the County of Worcester, aforesaid,
and of Caldwall Carpet Mill, Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, aforesaid,
Carpet Manufacturer, and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT, of 44, Comberton Road,
Kidderminster, aforesaid, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in Jacquard machines suitable for weaving
Brussels and piled carpets or rugs and other fabrics by which a greater number of
lifting cords can be operated by the same number of needles as exist in the present
machines. This is accomplished by making the needles work in combination with
each other instead of independently so that each needle is made capable of
operating several lifting cords instead of only one, or at most two as at present.
The method is most readily explained by reference to what is known as a six
frame jacquard or machine capable of operating six complete sets of cords or six
sets of warp threads in each dent or division of the reed but the same principle is
applicable to jacquards capable of operating a greater or less number of frames
and with various modifications or combinations with the ordinary method of
operating the lifting cords.
In a six frame jacquard there are ten rows of needles set horizontally one above
the other which are in working divided into two sets of five that is to say, the first
row and the sixth row operate the cords which raise the first frame of colours, the
second and the seventh row operate the second frame and so on hence a description
of the upper set of five rows will be a counterpart of the lower set and it is there-
fore only necessary to describe the .arrangement of one set and one course of five
needles in such set.
The trap or lifting board and the top board above the five needles will have ten
holes to each course of five needles instead of only five or six as at present and
through each hole is passed a lifting cord making ten cords to five needles.
The normal position of the cords in passing through the trap board is such that
if they are not pushed back by the needles they will be entrapped and raised by the
lifting of the board, the narrow trap of the holes in the board being toward the
front of the jacquard. Each needle in such a jacquard will need four loops or long
eyes in it through which the lifting cords will pass and these are so disposed that
the pushing back of any three needles will push nine cords out of trap and leave
only one entrapped.
The following arrangement will accomplish this, but the order may be
varied :-
Upon the upper or first needle four loops may be made corresponding with the
first four holes in the trap board above it viz., first second third and fourth.
Upon the second needle; corresponding with the first, fifth sixth and seventh
holes.
Upon the third needle; corresponding with the second fifth eighth and
ninth.
Upon the fourth needle; corresponding with the third sixth eighth and
tenth.

page_text: Upon the fifth needle; corresponding with the fourth seventh ninth and
tenth.
Arranged in this manner it will be found that the loops in the needles would
form pairs under each hole in the trap board and that each cord in passing down-
ward through the needles must pass through a pair of loops. For example, the
cord in the front hole of the trap board would pass through loops in the first and
second needle, the cord in the second hole would pass through loops in the first
and third needle and so on. The cords should lightly touch the front end of the.
loops.
In order to raise any given cord it is therefore necessary to stamp such holes in
the design cards as will allow the two needles through which such cord passes to
remain unmoved, thus to raise the first cord in the case described above, holes must
be stamped opposite the first and second needles, as the first cord passes through
these two needles. All the other needles being pushed back all the other cords in
the jacquard will be pushed out of trap, for although the first needle would allow the
second third and fourth cords to remain unmoved they are pushed back by the
loops in the third fourth and fifth needles through which they also pass and
the same applies to any other pair of needles in the jacquard.
By this means ten variations may be secured by allowing the pairs of needles as
follows to remain in position viz. :-First and second needles; first and third; first
and fourth; first and fifth; second and third; second and fourth; second and
fifth; third and fourth; third and fifth; fourth and fifth and consequently ten
different cords may be actuated by the combinations of five needles.
On a combination of this plan with the ordinary method may be used if a smaller
jacquard, a decreased pitch or intermediate number of frames be desired. By the
use of springs instead of the ordinary clap-board to replace the needles in position
after each lift of the jacquard a five frame Jacquard machine which has two sets of
four rows of needles can be made to operate ten frames but in this case the six
holes nearest the front of the trap board will be made as described for the six
frame jacquard viz. with the narrow ends or traps toward the front of the jacquard
and the cords normally entrapped and the four holes nearest the back will be made
the reverse way with their cords held out of trap by the pressure of the spring
against the back end of the needle.
In this case each needle will have six loops upon it, the first three being arranged
in the same manner as described for the needles being arranged in the same manner
as described for the needles in the six frame jacquard and the other three so
arranged as that it will need the pushing back of three needles before either of the
four cords at the back would be allowed to fall into trap.
This can be accomplished by making the extra loops on the first needle
corresponding with the seventh ninth and tenth holes in the trap board.
On the second needle; corresponding with the seventh eighth and tenth.
On the third needle; corresponding with the seventh eighth and ninth.
On the fourth needle; corresponding with the eighth ninth and tenth.
The loops under these holes will therefore be in threes and so disposed that they
hold the cords forward in the clearance holes of the trap board and will so
continue to hold them if any less number than the whole three be pushed back at
one time.
The same principle is applicable to all jacquards having any number of rows of
needles more than two.
By this invention: the scope of the Jacquard machine is, largely increased and
fabrics can be produced having a much greater range of colour than is possible by
the ordinary method.
Dated this 24th day of August 1895.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Jacquard Apparatus Used in Weaving Brussels.
and Piled Carpets and other Fabrics.
We ALBERT WEBB of Saint Mary's Terrace, London Road and of Copenhagen
Street, both in Worcester, Carpet Manufacturer, GEORGE MATTHIAS WHITTALL
of Spring Bank, Wribbenhall, near Bewdley, in the County of Worcester, and of
Caldwall Carpet Mill, Kidderminster in the County of Worcester aforesaid,.
Carpet Manufacturer and FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT of 44 Comberton Road,
Kidderminster, aforesaid, Commission Agent do hereby declare the nature of this.
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in Jacquard apparatus employed in
weaving Brussels and piled carpets or rugs and other fabrics, by which a greater
number of lifting cords can be operated than heretofore by a given number of
needles.
This is accomplished by the re-arrangement of the Jacquard apparatus. Thus,
the holes in the trap board are all arranged so as to trap all the lifting cords of the
face warps in their normal or quiescent position, the untrapping being effected in all
cases by the pressing in of the needles.
This modification of the trap board renders unnecessary the use of coiled springs
for returning the needles to their quiescent position, as the drag of the lifting
cords suffices to move them back so soon as the needles are released from the
pressure of the cards. Again, the needles are caused to work (as hereinafter
described) in combination with each other, in selected pairs, instead of indepen-
dently, so that each needle is made capable of operating several lifting cords,
instead of only one lifting cord, or, at the most two, as heretofore. Thus, the scope
of the Jacquard apparatus is largely increased, without increasing its size, and
fabrics can be produced having a much greater range of color, or effect, than is
possible by the ordinary method of working the Jacquard apparatus.
In order to make clear the full advantages of the invention, we will proceed to
explain how we propose to operate upon ten sets of face warps, that being the
maximum number of face warps which can be conveniently contained in one dent.
or split of the reed.
The needles are arranged in vertical rows, there being two groups or sets in each.
row, each group or set numbering five needles. The loops or eyes of the two sets.
of needles stand out, the one from the right hand side, and the other from the left.
hand side, of the upper and lower groups respectively.
For the purposes of this invention, the trap or lifting board, and the board,.
top
will have ten holes to each set of five needles, instead of only five or six, as at
present, and through each hole is passed a lifting cord, making ten cords to each
set of five needles.
The cords passed through the trap board are, in their normal position, all
trapped, as above stated, and ready to be raised by the lifting board, the slotted
elongation of the holes in the board being toward the front of the jacquard. Each
Jacquard needle is formed with four loops or long eyes, through which the lifting
cords will pass, and these loops or eyes are so disposed, that the pushing back of
any three needles in the one group of five needles, will push nine cords out of trap,
and leave only one cord entrapped.
This will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying drawings,
where
Fig. 1 shows the Jacquard apparatus in end elevation, the needles, trap board,
and cords, being suitably arranged for carrying out the invention.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a partial plan view of the trap board.
Fig. 3 is a partial front elevation of the Jacquard apparatus, showing th
vertical rows of horizontal needles.
Figs. 4 are plan views of two detached needles belonging, respectively, to the
upper and lower sets of one vertical row.
These detached views indicate the mode of distributing the loops on the needles
so that one cord only shall be trapped at a time, to secure the requisite lift of the
warp threads, to suit the pattern in hand. The order or arrangement, however, o
the loops in the needles, may be varied, an illustration of which is given at Fig. 5
and will be readily understood, when the details of construction and action of the
parts are fully grasped.
The five needles comprising the upper group or set of one vertical row are
marked (see Fig. 1) respectively 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and the five needles comprising
the lower set are marked respectively 1", 2", 3, 4ª, and 5".
The ten lifting cords for the upper set of needles are marked respectively b
to 610, and alternating with these are the ten lifting cords marked respectively c
to clo, for the lower set of five needles.
The ten holes in the trap board for the ten lifting cords for the upper set of five
needles (see Fig. 2) are marked respectively d¹ to do, and the ten trap-board holes
for the ten lifting cords of the lower set of five needles are marked respectively e
to 10. For convenience, the two sets of ten holes d to do, and e¹ to e¹º, are
arranged relatively to each other as shewn in the plan view at Fig. 2.
The loops in the needles for the lifting cords are arranged as follows, corre-
sponding with the ten holes d¹ to do of the trap board:
Needle No. 1 has has four loops f¹, f2, f³,f4, corresponding with the first four
holes d¹, d, d³, d.
Needle No. 2 has four loops g', g², g³, g, corresponding with the first hole d¹,
fifth hole do, sixth hole d', 'and seventh hole d'.
Needle No. 3 has four loops ', h2, h3, h4, corresponding with the second hole d²,
fifth hole d, eighth hole d³, and ninth hole d°.
Needle No. 4 has four loops 1, 2, 3, 4, corresponding with the third hole d³,
sixth hole d, eighth hole d³, and tenth hole d¹º.
Needle No. 5 has four loops, 1, 3, 4, corresponding with the fourth hole d*,
seventh hole d', ninth hole do, and tenth hole d¹º.
Arranged in this manner it will be found that, as shown in Fig. 1, the loops in
the needles form pairs under each of the ten holes d¹ to do in the trap board, and
that each of the cords b¹ to 610, in passing downward through the needles, must pass
through two loops. For example, the cord b¹ in the first or front hole d¹ of the
trap board, passes through the loops f1 and g¹ in needles Nos. 1 and 2; the cord b²,
in the hole d', passes through the loops and h¹ in needles Nos. 1 and 3; the
cord 63 in the third hole d³ passes through the loops f³ and ¹ in needles Nos. 1
and 4; the cord 6 in the fourth hole d passes through the loops f* and j' in
needles 1 and 5; the cord 65 in the fifth hole d' passes through the loops g2 and h
in needles 2 and 3; the cord 66 in the sixth hole de passes through the loops g³
and in the needles 2 and 4; the cord 7 in the seventh hole d' passes through the
loops and in the needles 2 and 5; the cord 68 in the eighth hole de passes
through the loops h³ and 3 in the needles 3 and 4; the cord 6º in the ninth hole d
passes thro' the loops * and in the needles 3 and 5; the cord 610 in the tenth
hole do passes through the loops and j in the needles 4 and 5.
All the cords should lightly touch the front ends of the loops, that is, the left
hand ends in Fig. 1 in the drawings." This can be regulated by properly setting
the trap board and other boards, as is well understood.
In preparing the cards for this arrangement of needles, for every cord that is
to be raised, it is necessary that such holes be stamped in the design cards, as will
allow the two needles through which such cord passes to remain unmoved, while
the other needles are being driven into a position to untrap the nine remaining
cords. Thus, to raise the first cord b¹ in the case described above, and shown by

page_text: Fig. 1, holes must be stamped opposite the needles Nos. 1 and 2, as the first.
cord 6 passes through these two needles. All the other needles, namely,, Nos. 3, 4,
and 5, being pushed back, all the other cords, namely, 62 to 60 in the set of five
ocedies, will be pushed out of trap, for although No. 1 needle would allow the
second cord 62, third cord 6 and fourth cord to remain unmoved, these three-
cords are pushed back by the loops h¹, i, and j', in the third, fourth, and fifth
needles, through which the cords 62, 63, and 6 respectively also pass. The same
remark applies to any other two needles in the jacquard through which a given.
cord passes.
By this means, ten variations of the five needles may be secured, by allowing
them to remain stationary in the following combinations:-
Beetles, WIL be pushed out of trap, for anong No. deeute would anow the
second cord 6, third cord 6' and fourth cord to remain unmoved, these three-
cords are pushed back by the loops h¹, ¹, and j', in the third, fourth, and fifth
needles, through which the cords 62, 63, and 6 respectively also pass. The same
remark applies to any other two needles in the jacquard through which a given.
cord passes.
By this means, ten variations of the five needles may be secured, by allowing
them to remain stationary in the following combinations:
1st combination, needles Nos. 1 and 2 to remain stationary.
2nd
3
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3rd
4
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4th
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5th
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6th
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7th
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8th
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9th
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10th
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and, consequently, the ten different cords 6' to 60 may be actuated by the above-
combinations of the five needles Numbers 1 to 5.
The lower set of five needles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5ª, which actuate the ten cords c¹ to c¹º,.
bave their loops arranged in the same order as the loops in the upper five
needles, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, except that the loops in the lower five needles are, as.
shown in Fig. 1, placed a little further from the front ends (that is, the left hand
ends on Fig. 1) of the needles, to afford room for the cords c¹ to clo, and to provide
for the corresponding holes e¹ to e¹0 alternating with the cords b¹ to 610 and holes d¹
to do of the trap board.
The loops are also formed upon the opposite side of the needles, as shown at
Fig. 4, and the cords c¹ to co consequently pass downwards on the opposite side
of the needles to that on which the cords 6' to 610 are placed.
It will be evident that, without departing from the nature of this invention, the
order of the loops on the needles may be varied, and yet form the same combination
of pairs of loops, and secure the same result, viz. :-Actuating the ten cords by the
five needles.
One illustration of this modification of the loops is shown at Fig. 5, where the
needles of the two groups or sets of five are arranged in pairs, as in Fig. 1, that is,
the needles and 1ª correspond with each other; the needles 2 and 2ª also corre-
spond; and so on, to the needles 5 and 5º. Each needle, as in the first described
arrangement, carries four loops, through which four of the set of 20 lifting cords
pass, but the distribution of the loops on the needles differs from those in Fig. 1.
The action, however, of the jacquard upon each set of these needles is to effect, as
before mentioned, the untrapping of all the cords but one, so that at each rise of
the trap-board, to form the shed, one colour only of the face warps, will be lifted.
To effect this object, the piercing of the pattern cards must be made to
correspond with the change in the arrangement of the loops, the action of the
needles, marked like those of Fig. 1, acting upon different lifting cords of the
group, as will be clearly seen by comparing Figs. 1 and 5 together.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
:―
1. In a Jacquard apparatus in which groups or sets of five needles are employed,

page_text: and in which each lifting cord is controlled by two looped needles, the arrangement
of trap board above described, which traps all the lifting cords when in their
normal position, for the purpose above set forth.
2. For the purposes of this invention, the combination, in groups or sets of
looped needles (for untrapping the lifting cords), so constructed relatively to each
other, that each loop on each needle corresponds with one loop on one of the
needles above or below it in the same set, to permit of the lifting cord being passed
downward from the trap board through the corresponding loops made on two
needles, instead of one, as formerly, so that the pushing back, by the pattern cards,
of all the needles in a set save two, will push all the cords of that set, save one,
out of trap, substantially as set forth.
3. In a Jacquard apparatus in which each lifting cord is controlled by two
looped needles, the combination therewith of pattern cards so pierced as to secure
the quiescence, at each pressure of the card, of the two wires controlling the
cord to be lifted.
Dated this ind
M
L 1000
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.