matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR MOISTENING THE SHEETS OF LETTER BOOKS AND COPYING PAPER AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Purcell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th January 1870.
I, WILLIAM JAMES PURCELL, of Strathroy, in the County of Middlesex,
and Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR
MOISTENING THE SHEETS OF LETTER BOOKS AND COPYING PAPER AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:
My Invention has for its object a saving of time in moistening leaves
or sheets of paper to receive copies of letters, also the more even
saturation of such leaves or sheets, and also the leaving of two corners
of such leaves or sheets dry in order to facilitate their being turned over
as required. For this purpose I employ a box or reservoir of iron or
other suitable material with the interior enamelled or otherwise rendered
non-corrosive, having fixed to the under side of the lid two pieces of bent
wire adapted to support a moistening sheet of the kind hercin-after
stated. At the front part of the box or reservoir are fitted two rollers,
one on the lid and the other in the upper part of the box, so that when.

page_text: the box is closed the rollers are brought together. These rollers are
made of wood covered with india-rubber, blotting paper, netting, or
other suitable material. The moistening sheet is composed of blotting
paper covered on one side with netting, and has a back of cardboard or
metal rendered non-corrosive. Two of the corners of the sheet at those
parts which will correspond with the front corners of the leaves to be
moistened are cut off. The box or reservoir is filled with water, and the
moistening sheet having been placed on the bent wires the lid of the box
is closed, thereby bringing the rollers together, and the moistening sheet
by being drawn out between the rollers is drained as required. The
moistening sheet. is then placed in the letter book with the netting side
next the leaves intended to be moistened, and an oil sheet or blotting
paper is placed to prevent more sheets being prepared than are required,
and the book is pressed in the copying press. By this means the
required number of leaves will be moistened, except at the two front
corners of each leaf, which will be left dry for the purpose stated
above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. PROCESS OF BREWING ALE AND OTHER MALT LIQUORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1
10th May 1870. - A communication from abroad by James
McCormick, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America,
Brewer.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE.
PROCESS OF BREWING ALE AND OTHER MALT LIQUORS," a communication, to
be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in subjecting wort or mash liquor, first
having been boiled either by itself or in connection with hops or hop
extract, to the action of charcoal, either animal or vegetable, or any
equivalent material or materials, or to the action of charcoal or its
equivalent in connection with a screen or screens, the wort or mash
liquor being under heat. It is best that the wort and hops or hop
extract should be boiled together, but if boiled separately they may be

page_text: passed through charcoal as aforesaid, separately, and then mixed together,
or they may be first mixed together and then filtered. It may be here
remarked that in filtering wort or mash liquor, as above stated, the best
results are produced by subjecting the wort to charcoal or equivalent
material as soon after being boiled as possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN DRAWING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FIBRES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pickup at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1870.
I, JAMES PICKUP, of Tong, near Bradford, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN DRAWING, SPINNING, AND
TWISTING FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the rollers known as "presser rollers,"
employed on machinery for drawing, spinning, and twisting, such rollers
being usually constructed of wood covered with leather or flannel cloth,
and work in pairs on a spindle to which they are secured, but inasmuch
as the wood is liable to and often varies considerably in bulk or diameter
through drying, warping, or contracting, it will be seen that the larger of
the two rollers will be in full operation, whilst the one decreased or of
smaller diameter will only partially perform the duty assigned to it, and
further its speed being less than the larger roller (which now becomes
the driver) it has a tendency to retard the fibre being operated upon.
To remedy the defect above referred to I construct the presser rollers

page_text: separate, and "bush" with brass or antifriction metal the eye of each,
the rollers are then received on a spindle or axle on which they are free
to revolve independent of each other, so that in case of variation of
diameter the "drivers" will still impart the required and uniform
rotation thereto.
This Invention is equally applicable to "back presser rollers" which
are usually constructed of iron, inequalities of diameter not affecting, as
they are dependent on their individual driver for rotation as above
described, and in case of damage to one of such rollers it is no longer
necessary to replace the pair as heretofore when such rollers were fast on
the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Miles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
March 1870.
I, JOHN HENRY MILES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Perambulator Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining with a velocipede a spring step
or spring steps by the use of which the velocipede when at rest may be
supported in an upright position while the rider mounts to his scat or
dismounts from his seat or for other purpose.
My Invention is specially applicable to two-wheel velocipedes, but
may also be applied to three-wheel velocipedes. In constructing a spring
step according to my Invention I connect to the bottom of the fork of
the driving wheel of the velocipede a curved arm or support, the said arm
carrying at its outer end a hollow or tubular socket or holder. In this
socket or holder a vertical rod is situated and works. The said rod is
provided at top with a plate and at bottom with a foot or expanded part,
and the said rod is is pressed upwards by a coiled spring. The spring

page_text: rod described constitutes the spring step of the velocipede by which the
said velocipede when at rest may be supported in an upright position.
When the spring step is in its normal position its bottom end or foot is
situated a little above the ground and offers no obstruction to the motion
of the velocipede. When however it is wished to support the velocipede
in an upright position preparatory to mounting or for other purpose, the
rider or other person presses his foot upon the plate at the upper end of
the spring step. The said step is thereby depressed in its socket or
holder and its foot or bottom part made to bear upon the ground and
support the velocipede in an upright position. On removing the foot of
the rider from the spring step the latter is lifted from the ground by the
coiled spring described. When it is wished to descend from the seat of
the velocipede it is only necessary for the rider to remove his foot from
the crank on to the spring step, when the latter comes into action and
brings the velocipede to rest and supports it in an upright position. A
spring step of the kind described may be situated at each side of the
velocipede. I do not limit myself to the construction described of the
spring step, as the said spring step may be constructed in a variety of
ways with the same effect. For example, the arm from the fork of the
driving wheel may be provided with a step turning on a joint in a
vertical plane, the said step being raised into its normal position by
strong spring. The free end of the jointed step carries a foot on its
under side which bears upon the ground when the step is depressed by
the rider. Although I prefer to apply the spring step or steps to the
fork of the driving wheel of the velocipede, yet they may be applied to
any convenient part of the frame of the velocipede.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATER OR OTHER LIQUID OR FLUID METERS
Year: 1870

page_text: :.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Berry, George
Jowett, and James Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd January 1870.
We, WILLIAM HENRY BERRY, Engineer, GEORGE JOWETT, Mechanic,
and JAMES WOOD, Manager, all of Sowerby Bridge, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER OR OTHER LIQUID OR FLUID METERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a stationary cylindrical vessel the inner
circumference of which is formed of two different radiuses or semi-
diameters. In one end of the cylinder is an inlet, and in the periphery
thereof is an outlet for the water or other fluid required to be measured,
and fixed to the said end in the interior is a hollow stud or bearing
with an opening in one part thereof. Mounted on this stud is a rotary
cylindrical boss of suitable diameter to fit to the inner surface of the
smaller inner diameter of the vessel, thus leaving an annular_space
betwixt the said boss and the larger diameter of the vessel which is about
the semi-circumference. thereof. On the periphery of this boss are
hinged four flaps, pallets, or valves, which when open or extended form
partitions to or in the annular space, and to one surface thereof is affixed

page_text: india-rubber or leather a little larger in dimensions than the area of
the section of the space, so as to make a water or fluid tight joint when
the pressure of such is applied. Four openings are formed in the boss
radially so as to form communications from the hollow stud to the
annular space of the vessel when the opening in the stud is opposite.
The said openings in the periphery of the boss are immediately under
the flaps so that the pressure of the water or fluid opens the said flaps
and thereby forms a compartment of a certain capacity in the space
.betwixt each flap. The pressure of the water or fluid acting on the
flaps turns the boss, which delivers the same as taken or drawn away
at the outlet. The said boss also operates an indicating or registering
apparatus to shew the quantity discharged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ALKALIZED · ISINGLASS SULPHITED AND BI-SULPHITED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Herring at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Baylis Child,
of New York, in the United States of America.
I, EDWARD HERRING, of Beer Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ALKALIZED · ISINGLASS SULPHITED AND BI-SULPHITED," to be as
follows:-
:-
This relates to the manufacture of concentrated sulphited and bi-
sulphited isinglass to be used principally as a fining or clarifying
substance for beer, ale, and other liquids.
The Patentee takes Russian, Brazilian, or other isinglass, and subjects
it to the action of an alkali either in a hot or cold state or in a caustic or
carbonated state. Of the alkalies which embrace lime, soda, potash,
magnesia, and others, lime is preferably used by reason of the combi-
nation of bi-sulphite of lime which will shortly be formed (bi-sulphite
of lime being more universally used by the larger and more influential
brewers).

page_text: Whether the alkali be in a carbonated or caustic state is of no moment,
except that in the case of the latter it is a more powerful solvent of
isinglass and when subjected to the action of sulphurous acid gas is
not inconvenienced by the formation of carbonic acid gas which would
result.
Having subjected isinglass to the action of any of the above alkalies
by means of mechanical power the isinglass is reduced to a concentrated
soluble jelly. As isinglass is an animal substance and not preservative
of itself the alkali is saturated with a slight excess of sulphurous acid
gas, rendering the isinglass preservative and forming what may be termed
alkalized isinglass sulphited, that being the isinglass recommended for
cheap and general consumption.
For isinglass recommended for brewers of small consumption and
having a regard for quality, and especially for brewers in the colonies,
the alkalized isinglass should be supersaturated with sulphurous acid gas,
forming what may be termed alkalized isinglass bi-sulphited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP, AND IN THE MODES AND MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James MacNeill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1870.
I, JAMES MACNEILL, of "James MacNeill and Company," Manu.
facturing Chemists, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP, AND IN THE MODES AND MEANS OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :--
This said Invention has reference to the production or manufacture
and use of a new or improved kind of soft soap, which besides being
stronger and richer in its alkaline and cleaning action for general
purposes, is more suited for family use from its pure white colour and
freedom from offensive smell than the black strong heavy smelling soft
soap heretofore made and used, and consists substantially as follows:-Mix
half a ton of potash with warm water in equal proportion of one pound
of potash to each gallon of water overnight, and in the morning mix and
boil the whole with three hundred and thirty-three pounds of refined and
bleached palm oil or other good tallow, grease, or fatty matter and three

page_text: hundred and thirty-three pounds of fish or seed oil, continuing to boil
until the complete saponification of the fats, when it is allowed to stand at
rest until cooled down, then add and mix to each hundredweight thereof
fifty-six pounds of powder soap composed and made of three-quarters of a
hundredweight of soda crystals and twenty-eight pounds of the best
quality of hard soap dissolved by heat, to each hundredweight of which
is added and mixed seven pounds of powdered tale or soapstone, when
the whole being run into coolers forms the soap powder to be used and
mixed as above. The whole being again brought to the boiling point is
run_into_coolers_containing-three-hundred-and-ten-to-about-three-hundred-
and twenty gallons of warm soda lye with carbonate of ammonia of a
strength that each gallon contains two thousand eight hundred and
eighty grains of real soda crystals and one thousand four hundred and
fifty grains of real carbonate of ammonia, mixed, when desired, as for
family use, with sufficient oil of cloves or other cheap and good odoriferent
to scent the whole, which is kept in constant agitation, either by manual
labour, hand manipulation, or motive mechanical agitators, until the
whole is cooled down, when it then forms the new or improved white
sweet soft soap herein-before referred to.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Broadley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
.1870.
I, JAMES BROADLEY, of 28, Kent Street, Bradford, in the County of
York, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows :--
This Invention consists in the application of a block or frame to each
end of each carriage, which block or frame contains two spaces; in one
is hinged a catch, and in the other is fixed a bar, so that the catch of
one will take into the space of the other and hold on the bar therein
when the two carriages are placed together. The adjoining catches of
both carriages are liberated or fastened by means of cams or tappets
fixed on a rocking bar extending from side to side of the carriage, so
that by a lever or levers fixed on the end of the said bar both catches
can be operated at once, and either liberate or fasten them. There is
also a sliding bar with which the locking catches are connected, which
bar operates by means of a spiral spring in one direction, keeping them
firmly in position, but when the said locking catches are liberated by

page_text: pushing back the sliding bar it only needs that one carriage should be
pushed against the other in order that the hinged catch of one carriage
may fasten on the bar of the other, when by turning the lever the
carriages become firmly locked together, and by reversing the said lever
they are again liberated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE WASTE GASES THEREOF
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hunter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1870.
I, JAMES HUNTER, of Coltness Iron Works, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLAST FURNACES, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE WASTE
GASES THEREOF," to be as follows, that is to say :-
In the Specification filed under Letters Patent, No. 13,262, A.D. 1850,
granted to Henry Houldsworth, of Coltness House, in the County of
Lanark, Iron Master, for "Improvements in the Manufacture of Iron
and other Metals," a method is described of applying the waste gases of
blast furnaces for calcining iron ores, limestone, or the ores of other
metals in closed kilns or heaps.
The method set forth in the said Specification was in operation at the
Coltness Iron Works, but proved defective in so far that the taking off
of the gases in the manner described lowered the temperature of the
furnace to an extent which prevented the production of the higher
qualities of pig iron, such, for example, as the quality known in the
market as No. 1 Coltness iron. The object then of the present Invention

page_text: is to overcome the defects herein-before referred to, so that while taking
full advantage of the economy due to the employment of either a part or
the whole of the waste gases for calcining the iron ores or ironstones, or
other ores or limestones, the heat of the furnace is maintained capable of
producing the highest qualitics of pig iron.
The object referred to is carried out by combining with blast furnaces
having a range of flues at the top for passing the gases through to raise
the temperature of the materials at that part of the furnace, or with
furnaces arranged with blast or air apparatus for producing more intense
combustion at the said upper part of the furnace, mains, pipes, or
passages communicating with calcining kilns, through which a portion
or the whole of the waste gases are conducted, and caused to calcine the
iron ores or ironstones, or other ores or limestones.
This Invention may be applied both to closed and open blast furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN. OBTAINING PRODUCTS FROM: MINERAL AND> VEGETABLE TARS AND FROM: CERTAIN. OF THEIR DISTILLATES AND RESIDUES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Shand at the Office of“
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th.
January 1870:
I, GEORGE SHAND,, of: Stirling, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, Manufacturing, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. OBTAINING PRODUCTS FROM: MINERAL AND>
VEGETABLE TARS AND FROM: CERTAIN. OF THEIR DISTILLATES AND RESIDUES," to be:
as follows, that is to say:
This Invention has principally for its object the obtaining of valuable
products from coal tar and from. the heavy distillates and residues of:
comparatively small value, such as "coal tar oil" and "boiled coal tar "
obtained or remaining, after more or less naphtha. and. light.oils have
been separated from the tar in the ordinary way, but it is also applicable
to any tars obtained by the destructive distillation at a high temperature:
of mineral or vegetable matter..
And the Invention consists in subjecting the tar, the distillate, or the
residue to the process of distillation. under pressure. The heat may be
applied in any convenient way by means of superheated steam, or by
means of saturated steam of high pressure, or by means of direct fire-
heat,, and the apparatus may be, similar to any convenient kind in use:

page_text: for distilling under pressure. Various pressures may be employed, but
it is preferred to use a pressure of from five to ten pounds per square
inch above that of the atmosphere. By treating "coal tar oil" in the.
improved mode it is made to yield naphtha, light oils, and lubricating
oils, products not hitherto obtained from it, whilst when tar or partially
treated tar is submitted to the process larger quantities of naphtha and.
light oils are obtained than heretofore. The distillation under pressure
may be modified according to the particular results desired, thus it may be
continued only until so much naphtha and light oils are removed as will
leave a lubricating oil of the desired consistency in the still, or the
distillation may be continued so as to yield more naphtha and light oil
and less or no lubricating oil.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE. IGNITER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dawson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1870.
I, THOMAS DAWSON, of Bristol, Surveyor, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE.
IGNITER," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a laid fire ready for ignition..
To this end I prepare a metal frame or mould, say, of a rectangular
form in which to build up the fire igniter. At the angles of the mould
I form vertical grooves to receive vertical pieces of wood which are to
form part of a wooden frame that is to receive and constitute part of
the materials intended to be burned. This mould I fit with a plunger
which serves to press down into it a sheet of paper or other material
suitable for forming an envelope for the fire igniter. To the vertical
pieces of wood I connect side and end pieces, and by preference I
connect them together by dovetails, grooving the vertical pieces either
transversely or vertically to receive the extremities of the horizontal side
and end pieces. Below the horizontal pieces I lay shavings, paper, or
other readily ignitable material, and on the horizontal pieces I lay strips

page_text: of wood to form a support for cinders, over which I place small coal
and chips of wood. Before placing the fuel I fit in the centre of the
mould a core to form, as the fuel is filled in, a draught hole in the
centre of the igniter, and thereby facilitate the ignition of the coal and
cinder. The whole I then secure by the paper or other envelope, and
by a band of twisted shavings, or hemp, or other suitable material I
form a handle, whereby to lift the fire igniter and place it in position
for burning. This fire igniter, it will be obvious, is susceptible of
various modifications, but in all cases it will contain the materials not
only for lighting but for sustaining the combustion of a fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF FORTS OR TOWERS, AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE GUNS THEREIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir Eustace Fitzmaurice Piers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1870.
I, Sir EUSTACE FITZMAURICE PIERS, Baronet, of Hartford, in the
County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF FORTS OR TOWERS,
AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE GUNS THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the formation of forts or towers made
of wrought or cast iron placed within casings of iron, wood, stone, or
other suitable material below the surface of the earth, and causing the
said forts or towers to be raised and lowered when required by mechanical
or hydraulic power, there being air tubes and ventilators for the admission
and escape of air. The forts or towers either singly or conjointly are
communicated with by telegraphic or other signals so that they can be
raised or lowered as required.
Secondly. I use a series of guns arranged in such a manner that they
radiate from a common centre, the guns resembling the radii of a circle,

page_text: and the surplus power after raising the fort or tower is used for dis-
charging the guns. Although I have here mentioned only my peculiar
guns for these forts or towers, still any other kind of ordnance may be
fired in the same manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ATTACHING MINERAL TEETH TO A PLATE OR © BACK, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ALSO SERVE TO STRENGTHEN THE TEETH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Rose at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1870.
I, HARRY ROSE, of Albany Street, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ATTACHING MINERAL TEETH TO A PLATE OR
© BACK, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ALSO SERVE TO STRENGTHEN THE TEETH," to be as
follows:-
$
These improvements have for their object the more convenient and
secure attachment of mineral teeth to the plate or "back," and also
strengthening such teeth, and consist in fastening and securing mineral
teeth to the "back" or support by means of a strip or strips of platina
plate or other suitable metal, instead of the two pins by which such
teeth are at present attached, and in the strengthening of the teeth by
the use of the said strips or strips.
The improvements may be conveniently carried into effect by making
the fastener which attaches and secures the "back" to the tooth of a
strip of platina plate or any other suitable metal which may be bent

page_text: double, and furnished with a head stamped or otherwise made; the cross
bar or top of such fastener is intended to be inserted in the tooth when
it is plastic, the ends of the fastener projecting any desired distance out
of the tooth, and being close together, so that they may be easily passed
through a slot or hole cut or punched in the "back," which may be
made of gold, silver, or any suitable material, and cut to the size of the
tooth to which it is desired to attach it. After the two ends have been
passed through this slot they may be bent down in opposite directions,
and thus firmly secure the “back' to the tooth, and hold it in the
desired position for soldering.
"
These improvements may also be carried into effect by making the
fastener of two strips of platina plate, each with a head or top, and the
heads or tops of these strips may be inserted into the tooth when
plastic, leaving the ends projecting close together, which ends may be
bent down as above described, and the effect produced will be the same
as if the fastener was made in one piece. The tooth is strengthened and
rendered much less likely to break across when in use than when the
two pins are used, as the ends of this fastener being bent down at right
angles to the length of the tooth serve to strengthen it and prevent in
a great measure the liability to break across.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE TIES FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON; HAY, OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition; on the
3rd January 1870.-A communication from abroad by Edwin S:
Lenox; of New Brighton; New York; United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer; do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE TIES FOR
SECURING BALES OF COTTON; HAY, OR OTHER MATERIAL," a communication, to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a wire band or tie for securing bales of cotton,
hay, or other material of that class wherein the fastening device is
entirely or mainly formed of the ends of the wire which constitutes the
band or tie:
The said Invention consists essentially in forming upon one end of
the wire an eye or loop of eliptic, ovoid, or curvilinear form, and upon
the opposite end a cross head formed by turning the end of the wire
back upon itself, and twisting the two parts together, and then flattening
or compressing the eye transversely until it assumes a T form.
transverse diameter of the loop at its greatest point is sufficient to allow
The

page_text: the cross head to pass freely through it, but when the two ends are
drawn in opposite directions, as when the wire is applied upon a bale,
the end is drawn into the narrow extremity of the loop through which
the head cannot pass, thus forming an effectual lock. This forms a very
simple and strong connection. The two shoulders of the head bear
equally against the smaller portion of the loop, so that a resisting power
equaling the tensile strength of the wire is obtained. A single cross
piece of wire may be substituted for the flattened loop or cross head by
coiling the band around it and securing the end by twisting, though I
prefer to employ the form first herein described, which is simple and
easily made and possesses the requisite strength. This fastening may
be readily and cheaply made, and is very easily applied by passing
the T part through the loop end, when the tension upon the band ensures
its immediate and permanent connection, and it can be disconnected
without injuring it so that it is capable of repeated use.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SHIPS TO ADAPT THEM TO RECEIVE SLIDING KEELS, AND IN SLIDING KEELS AND APPLIANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Ernest Pobl at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1870.
I, OTTO ERNEST POHL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Salt
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SHIPS TO ADAPT THEM TO RECEIVE SLIDING KEELS, AND IN SLIDING
KEELS AND APPLIANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain the ascertained advantages of
sliding keels in navigable vessels, and to secure these without largely
encroaching on the cargo space in the hold of a ship by a sliding keel
and appliances so constructed and disposed that they are made strong
and durable, and rendered unliable to damage in the ordinary trading
of such vessels as require them.
These are secured by,—
First. Constructing in the bottom of a ship, whether of wood or metal
or of these combined, a narrow longitudinal recess deeper at one end
than the other, but just of sufficient size to thoroughly house the sliding
keel when drawn in.

page_text: Second. Constructing the sliding keel in the form of a segment of
one half of a disc and hinging it on a pin at the narrow end, so that it
can be made at will to project downwards beyond the recess or drawn in
by the means hereafter described.
Third. As means for strengthening the sliding keel at its widest end
and for raising and lowering it I employ a forked piece which is jointed
to the lower edge of the sliding keel and carried thenco upwards through
a pípe hereafter mentioned to the deck or other free space on board the
ship. Instead of a forked piece two straight pieces may be carried
downwards, one on each side of the sliding keel.
Fourth. As means for preventing ingress of water from the sea into
the ship around the stem of the forked piece or around the two picces I
fit a pipe with internal packing pieces to the top of the recess in the ship
and lead it upwards into the ship above the load water line.
Fifth. As means for raising and lowering the forked piece or two
straight pieces and the sliding keel I employ in combination with
the forked piece or two straight pieces screws or other mechanical
equivalents.
Cuina cova de
Sixth. As means for closing the recess when the sliding keel is drawn
in I fit to the bottom edge of the sliding keel a flat picco. This butts
against the bottom of the ship.
AN IMPROVED CHAIN, SUSPENDER, AND FASTENER, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR ATTACHING BROOCHES, STUDS, CLASPS, LINKS, BUTTONS, AND ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY OR OTHER ORNAMENTS TO THE DRESS OF THE USER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Garner Pendleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th February 1870.
I, HENRY GARNER PENDLETON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CHAIN, SUSPENDER, AND FASTENER, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR ATTACHING BROOCHES, STUDS, CLASPS, LINKS, BUTTONS, AND
ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY OR OTHER ORNAMENTS TO THE DRESS OF THE USER," to
be as follows (that is to say) :——
My Invention consists in applying to a centre ornament (which may
be of any suitable device) a telescopic, or expanding, and contractable
bar of any suitable transverse section which permits the bar to be
shortened for passing through an eyelet or button hole, say for
illustration, in a gentleman's waistcoat, and to the front part of the
said ornament a loop may be attached or other means for connecting
the watch chain, which may terminate with the usual ornamental appen-
dages. Thus my Invention becomes an important protection to the
watch in connection with it, as the ornament cannot be removed from

page_text: the waistcoat of the wearer without contracting or shortening the back
bar.
This arrangement forms a novel and unique addition to the chain
independent of its security, and which security or expanding and
contracting bar may be applied to sleeve links, solitaires, brooches, 5
clasps, buckles, or other like articles of jewellery or ornament attached
to dress. The expansion of the said bar may be effected by a helical
spring, or spring catch, or by being tapped and screwed, or other
equivalent means permitting of its ready contraction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE PILE FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Manufacturer, and John Robinson, of the same Place,
Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE PILE
FABRICS."
Sealed the 18th October 1870, and dated the 6th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister
and John Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th May 1870.
We, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, and JOHN ROBINSON, of the same Place, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
DOUBLE PILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
-
Ttion has for its chiont improvements in double pile fabrics.

page_text: pile fabrics yarn produced from calf or cow hair. The hair is first washed
and then carded upon an ordinary carding engine, afterwards it is spun
upon mules and then woven in the ordinary way into a double pile
fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS, AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Silverstone and Samuel
Solomons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th September 1870.
We, ABRAHAM SILVERSTONE and SAMUEL SOLOMONS, both of Spital-
fields, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, BONNETS,
AND OTHER LIKE COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to render hats, bonnets, and other
like coverings for the head more durable, lighter, and more perfectly
ventilating than such articles as heretofore manufactured.
We
propose to accomplish these objects by manufacturing the covers
of hats, bonnets, and other like coverings for the head of horsehair
either wholly or in some instances in combination with a foundation or
body made of felt, flannel, or other flexible substance or material that
will not break or indent by a blow or pressure thereon. In manu-
facturing hats and other like coverings intended for summer wear and
tropical climates we propose to make them wholly of horsehair either
of its natural color or dyed of any desired color; the horsehair to be

page_text: woven in the usual way. By these means we dispense with the necessity
for using a foundation or body to support the cover in its proper shape,
the horsehair being sufficiently stiff for that purpose, it being simply
necessary to block the horsehair cover on a block made of the desired
shape. Hats and other like coverings thus made are perfectly ven-
tilating all over through the interstices of the woven horsehair. For
winter wear the horsehair may be placed on a foundation of felt or
flannel to give warmth. Hats and bonnets made as above described will
retain their lustre in all weathers, and may be re-dyed at any time.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
February 1870.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon the loom for
which Letters Patent were granted to William Robert Lake on the
15th November 1866, No. 2990.
My Invention consists in driving the drop box of the shuttles and
the various parts of the shedding motion so that they may be worked
in both directions; by this means when an error in the picking occurs
the loom can be worked backwards until the shed is opened in which
the error occurred. To accomplish this the jacquard cylinder is turned
round by an intermittent or star wheel on the cylinder, which is worked
by a stud on a disc fitting on a shaft which is driven from the crank
shaft.

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists in selecting the vertical jacks
to form the shed by a chain of lags and pegs or tappets, and in giving
an oscillating as well as a rotary motion to the drum over which the
chain of lags or tappets passes; by this means the position of the chain
is changed when the pegs or tappets are clear of the catches. These
catches are jointed to the jacks, and are selected by the pegs or tappets,
and when the position of the chain has been changed the drum is moved
towards the catches, consequently the selected catches are raised by the
direct action of the pegs or tappets, and the friction is greatly reduced.
When the selected-catches-are-raised-the-grifes-come-into-operation-to-
move some of the vertical jacks in one direction and the others in the
opposite direction. The ends of the catches are supported by a cross rail
to hold them up while the jacquard cylinder is moved away previous to
being turned partly round for selecting the jacks to form the next
shed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIFFER- ENTIAL PULLEY BLOCKS AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR MOVING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Murray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
March 1870.
I, PETER MURRAY, Engineer, of Quebec, Canada, but at present
residing in Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIFFER-
ENTIAL PULLEY BLOCKS AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR MOVING HEAVY BODIES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has principally for its object to secure increased
efficiency, durability, and reduced cost in differential pulley blocks, and
comprises a combination of parts which is also advantageously applicable
to winches, capstans, screw jacks, and other apparatus for moving heavy
bodies. The improved pulley block is made with the usual two pulleys,
one of which herein-after termed the load pulley has applied to and
gearing with it the chain to which the body to be moved or lifted is
attached, whilst the other, herein-after termed the power pulley, has
applied to and gearing with it an endless chain by which the actuating
force is communicated. The parts are carried by three frame pieces
connected by cross bolts, and furnished with a hook or ring at the top
to suspend the block by and with a hook or ring at the bottom to connect

page_text: the end of the lifting chain or common pulley blocks to, when used
in combination with one or more of the latter. The middle one of the
three frame pieces has a tubular boss formed or fixed on it to carry the
load pulley and so avoid the excessive friction which in ordinary
differential pulley blocks is caused by the load pulley being carried on
the quickly moving spindle of the power pulley. The last named spindle
is formed with an eccentric on which there is mounted so as to turn
thereon an intermediate wheel with internal teeth on the outer side and
external teeth on the inner side. The internal teeth gear with an
externally toothed wheel fixed to the frame piece, and having one or
more teeth less than the intermediate wheel. The external teeth of the
intermediate wheel gear with internal teeth on the inner side of the
load pulley, this pulley having one or more teeth more than the inter-
mediate wheel. With this arrangement every revolution of the power
pulley will cause the load pulley to turn to an extent equal to thé
number of teeth it has more than the intermediate wheel, plus the extent
corresponding to the number of teeth the intermediate wheel has more
than the fixed wheel, and there will be the corresponding inverse leverage
between the power applied and the load.
In applying the arrangement to winches and other apparatus, the
winch barrel or a bevil or spur wheel for transmitting the force takes
the place of what is herein-before termed the load pulley.
In applying the arrangement to capstans the head takes the place of
the power pulley and the barrel that of the load pulley, and a clutch
or bolt may be provided for disconnecting the head from the eccentric
and fixing it to the barrel when speed is wanted without great power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1870.
·I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me on the 18th day of March,
1869, No. 823. For this purpose I dispense with the racks and wheels
for giving motion to the needles or weft insertors, as described with
respect to the first part of the Invention above referred to, and so mount
and work the needles or weft insertors that all the advantages of a
rotary motion are obtained in a much simpler and less expensive
manner.
The needles or weft insertors (which may be of any suitable shape) are
rigidly fixed to bars which are at their ends, and if required at inter-
mediate parts of their length, pinjointed to levers or arms carried or
mounted upon fixed centres of motion, and one of such arms or levers

page_text: of each bar is fixed to a shaft or axis to which a reciprocating partial
rotary motion is given by means of a cam acting upon a crank connected
thereto or by other suitable means. By these means the eye of each
needle or weft insertor will be caused to enter and leave the shed in the
path of a portion of a circle, the diameter of which will be determined
by the length from the centre of the arms to the point at which they
are connected to the needle bars.
Instead however of operating the needle bars as before described,
a somewhat similar motion may be obtained by giving a to-and-fro
motion to the needle bars and causing them to be guided at their ends
by studs or projections travelling in or upon suitable fixed cams or
guides. Or instead of causing the needles or weft insertors to travel in
the path of a circle a similar result may be obtained by causing them
to travel in a rectangular or other course, the first portion of their
motion being towards the reed, and the last towards the work beam, the
motion in all cases being so arranged as to bring the last pick close up to
the line of work. These motions may be communicated to the needle
bars by means of cams acting upon levers connected thereto, or by pins
or projections working in or upon fixed guides, or cams, and levers
operated by cams, or otherwise, to give a to-and-fro motion to such
needle bars.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blanchflower Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th October 1870.
I, WILLIAM BLANCHFLOWER GEDGE, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an additional seat so arranged and con-
structed that it can be folded up and pushed out of sight under the
ordinary seat when not in use, but can be drawn out and used at any
time when the perambular or other carriage is required to carry an
extra person. The additional seat is made lower than the principal or
ordinary seat, and the sides are hinged thereto and made to fold inwards
over the cushion, so that when thus folded over the whole seat (which is
carried on slides on the bottom of the perambulator or other carriage)
can be pushed under the main seat, and will be entirely hidden by the
valance. The back of this additional seat is hinged to the scroll or front
part of the perambulator or carriage, so that when the said seat is not in

page_text: use the back is turned down on this hinge and lies flat on the floor of
the perambular or carriage, and is. covered and protected by the foot
rug. All that has to be done when the additional seat is required is to
raise the back on its hinges until it rests against the scroll or front part
of the perambulator or carriage, and then draw out the seat and raise
the two sides or elbows, and it is then ready for use. When not required
fold down the two sides, push the seat under the ordinary seat, fold
down the back and cover it with the rug.