New or Improved Process for the Making up of Hanks of Yarn, and Machinery for the same.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 25th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Process for the Making up of Hanks of Yarn, and
Machinery for the same.
I, GERHARD OSWALD HOFFMANN, of Neugersdorf, Saxony, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto yarn has been wound in plain wound hanks, or in cross wound hanks.
In the former process the thread guides of the reel remain at rest until a sufficient
number of threads have been wound up in order to form a hank and in this way the
threads are reeled in parallel layers; while in cross winding the threads are wound
in crossed layers by the alternate motion of the guides.
In both the before described processes however the threads are reeled more or
less over each other, so that the length of a thread wound by one revolution of the
reel must become greater as the hank becomes thicker. Thus the threads in such
a hank cannot be each of exactly the same length, and this gives rise to a disadvantage
in the further process which the yarn may undergo.
For instance if in the dying and sizing, the yarn should be stretched by wringing
or beating it, then the shorter wound lengths of thread, that is to say the first
layers will be more stretched than the longer wound lengths or outer layers; and
they will in consequence more easily break, and also will not take the dye so well,
as the longer windings or outer layers.
This however is generally avoided by making up the hanks of yarn of less
thickness but since very small hanks prejudice the production of the reeling, as well
as the winding off into skeins and in the dying and sizing the said small wound
hanks very easily get into disorder and thereby cause a breaking of the threads.
My present invention therefore aims at the making up of a hank of yarn of any
desired thickness and in such a manner that the before mentioned disadvantages
are entirely avoided inasmuch as each individual thread or winding of a hank
always maintains the same length in each layer. In order to attain this I introduce
a new or improved process of cross winding, the first layers being wound upon
noses fastened to the laths of the reel instead of simply upon the laths themselves
as hitherto and in accordance with my present invention the thread guides beside
performing their alternate motion in the ordinary way receive a slow lateral move-
ment, that is to say in order that the length of a thread of a winding shall not
increase in length with the increasing thickness of the hank the thread guide
besides receiving an alternate motion receives also a slow lateral uniform motion so
that a conical form of winding is continually maintained, and the thread is laid
alternately upon a point with the greatest and smallest radius. The motion of the
thread guide is inaintained in the following manner. A shaft (hereinafter called
the quick cam shaft) is placed at right angles to the reel shaft and is driven by the
latter by means of a pair of bevel wheels geared at as three is to five and upon said
quick cam shaft is a cam or eccentric and a worm which drives by means of a
worm wheel, another shaft (hereinafter called the slow worm shaft) which latter
runs parallel with the reel shaft. The said slow worm shaft has a worm which
drives another worm wheel fixed to a shaft running at right angles thereto (and
hereinafter called the slow cam shaft). The slow cam shaft receives a cam which
bears against a runner attached to a pivotted vertical lever, the upper end of which
is connected by means of a rod to a vertical double armed movable lever and is
pulled against the slow cam by means of a spring. One of the arms of said double
armed lever drives the thread guide rod by means of a draw or connecting rod.
The lower end of one of the arms of said double armed lever is arranged with a

page_text: runner, and presses against the quick eccentric or cam aforesaid by means of a
spring.
It will be obvious that the quick revolving eccentric or cam produces the alternate
motion to the thread guide while the correspondingly slow revolving eccentric or
cam on the slow shaft imparts an uniform lateral motion to the alternate movement
of the said guide rod.
It will be obvious that where preferred instead of the alternate and simultaneous
lateral movement being carried out by the guide alone, it can be wholly or partly
imparted to the reel.
For example the reel spindle or shaft can be slowly moved side ways while the
guide has an uniform alternate motion or vice versa.
The before described noses can be either fixed to the laths of the reel or arranged
so as to be moveable in order to admit of placing them at different angles and also
to facilitate the taking off of the hanks and in the latter case the said noses may
be made to move individually or severally. If the noses have a common movement
on one lath and this lath is connected with several sockets to the reel shaft then by
a revolving or lateral movement of the lath a simultaneous movement would be
imparted to all the noses either in order to displace them or by a receding motion
to facilitate the taking off of the hanks from the reel.
To render more easy the drawing together of the laths when fixed noses are
employed one or more of the laths are arranged to be movable in a radial direction.
Thus if one lath is pushed in the direction of the reel shaft, then the lanks are
loosened and the laths can be easily pushed together. The further process of
taking off the hanks can then be facilitated by the lifting up of a hand lever which
is pivotted upon one or two of the laths, since in this way the hank is lifted out of
reach of the noses.
In order to prevent any slipping off of the hank or thread from the
noses in the process of winding, the noses may be suitably roughened or
serrated and also in order to make more easy the taking off of the com-
pleted hank in the reeling of similar lengths of thread they may be of various
shapes.
The lay of the hanks of yarn may be distributed in various ways, and this may
either take place in the operation of reeling, in such a way that after the winding
of a certain quantity of yarn the thread end is twisted round and this operation is
repeated until the hank is complete so that the hank is thus divided into several
divisions corresponding to the skeins or numbers of the current market spoolings,
which divisions in the further treatment of the yarn can if necessary be easily
separated one from the other; or the lay first takes place after the skein is com-
pleted in such a way that the thread end separates the skein into sections laying
one over the other or laying one beside the other whereby the outer edge of the
skein is made to project in a peculiar form for example by some of the threads
being cut out of the lay.
Thicker skeins will have several lays in which both systems arranging the thread
ends may be applied in combination.
A. hank laid in this way is important in the further manufacture because it is
very easy in the winding to pass from a rhomboidal cross section to a rectangular
cross section. Thus the cone like shape begining of the hank which is apparently
unfavourable to the production of a uniform tension of thread is done away with.
The reel is carried upon an ordinary frame and is driven from a shaft having
the ordinary fast and loose pulley and a cone which drives another cone by means
of a belt which passes through a guide and is moved by means of a rack and pinion
and hand wheel. The upper cone is secure to a shaft which has secured to its end
a suitable friction pulley which by means of a hand lever can be lifted into gear
with a corresponding pulley secured to the reel shaft, so that when the machine is
required to be put into motion it is only necessary to put the ordinary driving belt
on to the fast pulley and lift the friction wheel on the upper cone shaft into gear
with the friction wheel on the reel shaft when a suitable double armed can locks it

page_text: into position and the machine goes on working. The bobbins of yarn or thread are
fitted to a bar in front of the machine in the usual way.
For the purpose of obtaining an uniform size in the hanks containing a similiar
number of skeins or leas, the following arrangement is devised by means of which
after the reeling off of a certain quantity of yarn the reel shaft is automatically
thrown out of gear, that is to say I place between the worm wheels aforesaid a tube
which is fixed to an arm. Upon said tube are arranged moveable latches and in the
interior of the said tube is a spiral spring by means of which a bar which is
furnished with two tongues to fit into the latches aforesaid is pressed forwards.
At one end of said bar is arranged a handle for drawing the bar back. As the
space between the tongues is not so great as the latches the bar when drawn back
to its farthest point is only retained by one latch catching on a tongue and the
other latch can be raised without having any effect upon the movement of
the bar.
In order to render possible an exact disengagement the latch holding back the
bar is first raised by a pin upon the slow worm wheel to a movable check and a
tongue is set free when the bar is pushed by means of the said spiral spring forwards
until the other tongue is held by the other latch. The slow worm wheel is then
moved one tooth further, and the second latch can fall and simultaneously the first
latch is raised the first tongue is set free and the bar presses the tongue (which
engages in the slit of a claw) against a cross piece arranged upon a winged shaft
so as to hold said cross piece secure. One half of a ratchet coupling is caused to
make a lateral movement to the left and the double armed cam aforesaid disengages
the tongue on the hand lever which latter drops by gravity, so that the friction
wheels are thrown out of gear with the result of the immediate stoppage of the
reel shaft.
When the said reel shaft is required again to be set in motion, then the bar is
drawn back, by the handle aforesaid and held in secure position by the latch falling
upon one of the tongues, thereupon the claw is turned out of the reach of the cross
piece and the hand lever is lifted.
Suitable screw cheeks are screwed to the side of the slow worm wheel and are
arranged at equal distances corresponding to the desired size of the individual
section as well as to the sides of the complete hank. Upon begining a new hank
the slow worm shaft with its worm is moved laterally out of position, and the slow
worm wheel shaft with the said worm wheel and slow cam are turned back to
original position, when the slow worm is again placed in position.
The double winged shaft serves for the automatic throwing out of gear in case
of a thread breaking during the working of the machine.
The thread is arranged to run over a channel through the loop of the thread
guide which moves round and through the loop upon the guide rod to the reel.
Should the thread break the lower end of the thread guide falls by its own weight
into contact with the winged spindle, holds it fast and brings about a lateral
movement of the ratched coupling and thus sets free the hand lever whereupon the
reel is stopped.
If the hank is ready and still upon the reel, winged screw-nuts are arranged on
the arms of one lath, these are loosened, the said lath is pressed down and after
unlocking two laths are pressed together and the hanks can be easily drawn off
the noses.
Dated this 94th day of March 1801
H. F. BOUGHTON, M.I. Mech. E.,
London, Sheffield, and Barnsley, Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Process for the Making up of Hanks of Yarn, and
Machinery for the same.
I GERHARD OSWALD HOFFMANN of, Neugersdorf Saxony Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My present invention relates to means for forming hanks of yarn.
In the former
Hitherto yarn has been wound in plain or cross wound hanks.
process the thread guides of the reel remain at rest until a sufficient number of
threads have been wound up in order to form a hank and in this way threads are
reeled in parallel layers, while in cross-section winding the threads are wound in
crossed layers by the alternate motion of the guides.
In both processes however the threads are more or less reeled over each other
thereby the lengths of the thread wound by each revolution of the reel becomes
greater as the hank increases in thickness it is therefore impossible for the individual
threads to be of one and the same length which gives rise to great disadvantages in
the subsequent processes to which yarn has to be subjected.
For instance if in dyeing the yarn is stretched by wringing or beating the shorter
or first wound layers of thread will be subjected to stretching far in excess of the
longer or outer wound layers and consequently will break much more easily and
also will not take the dye so well as the latter.
This however is generally obviated by making small or thin hanks of yarn.
The objection to the latter being in reeling as well as winding off into skeins and
in dyeing and sizing, the said small wound hanks easily get into disorder and
thereby causes a breaking of the threads.
My present invention aims at the making up of hanks of yarn of any desired
thickness in such a manner that the before mentioned disadvantages are entirely
obviated inasmuch as each individual winding of a hank maintains the same length
in each and every layer.
This my said object is attained by cross-winding, the first layers being wound
upon noses fastened to the laths of the reel instead of simply upon the reel laths
themselves as hitherto and the thread guides besides performing their alternate
motion receive a slow lateral movement.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood reference is made to
the accompanying sheets of drawings in which
Figs. 1 and 2 are front and end elevations respectively of a reeling machine made
after the fashion of my improvements.
Fig. 3 is a view in detail showing how the thread guide rod is operated.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional elevation of reel and guide rod.
Figs. 5 to 15 are detailed views of the various forms of noses.
Figs. 16 to 24 are sections and isometrical perspective views of various forms of
reelings.
Figs. 25 and 26 are enlarged front and end elevation respectively of automatic
disengagement arrangement.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each view.
In Fig. 3 the lay of the threads is represented as wound by an alternate motion
of the guide, Fig. 3B and Fig. 4 show the lay of the threads upon the three first
double motions of the guide.
The thread is laid by the guide rod 19 alternately upon the highest middle and
lowest points of the noses 55 fastened to the laths 51 of the reel so that the winding
receives an almost conical form.
In order that the lengths of thread of a winding shall not become longer with the

page_text: increasing thickness of the hank the thread guide besides its alternate motion
receives a slow lateral uniform motion so that the conical form of the winding is
continually maintained and the thread laid alternately upon a point with the greatest
and smallest radius. The hank then assumes the form shown in Fig. 3° upon the
reel and Fig. 22 in section.
The motion of the thread guide is obtained in the following manner.
From the reel spindle 10 Fig. 4 the spindle 14 Fig. 3 is worked by means of
bevel gear 12 and 13 upon this spindle the cam 15 and worm 20 are fixed, the latter
operates through worm-wheel 22 fixed upon spindle 21 worm 23 and this said
worm operates the worm-wheel 24 fixed to spindle 25 which said spindle has secured
upon it the cam 26 which operates upon lever 28 pivoted at 27 and pressed or kept
up to the periphery of the cam by means of a spring or its equivalent, this said lever
moves by means of connecting rod 29 a lever 31 attached to and turning upon 30.
Upon the latter lever there is arranged at a point 16 a double armed moveable
lever 17 which bas one arm pressed against cam 15 by means of a spring and with the
other arm sets the guide rod 19 in motion by means of the adjustable connecting
rod 18
The quick revolving cam 15 produces the alternate motion whilst the corre-
spondingly slow revolving cam 26 imparts a uniform lateral motion to the alternate
movement of the guide rod.
The position of the cam and lever shown by dotted lines Fig. 3 is attained when
the formation of hank is nearly complete.
Instead of leaving this alternate and simultaneous lateral movement to be carried
out by the guide rod alone it may be partly or wholly imparted to the reel.
For example the reel spindle could be slowly moved sideways while the guide
has a uniform alternate motion or vice-versa.
The noses can be either fixed to the laths of the reel or arranged so as to be
moveable in order to admit of placing the noses at different angles and also to
facilitate the taking off of the hanks.
In the latter case the noses may be made to move individually or severally.
Figs. and 6 represent fixed noses.
Figs. 7 to 10 individual moveable noses. If the noses have a common movement on
one lath and this lath is connected with several sockets to the reel spindle then by a
rotary or lateral movement of the lath a simultaneous movement would be imparted
to all the noses either in order to displace them, or by a receding motion to facilitate
the taking off of the hanks from the reel.
To render easy the drawing together of the laths when fixed noses are employed,
one or more of the laths are arranged to move in a radial direction, by being hinged
as shown at 49 Figs. 1 and 2 thus by unscrewing thumb screw 49 the laths so
hinged may be moved in the direction of the reel spindle thereby collapsing the
reel and facilitating the removal of the hank.
The process of taking off the hanks can be further facilitated by arranging a hand
lever pivoted upon one or two of the laths in such a manner that the hank is lifted
out of the reach of the noses by said lever thereby allowing the same to be drawn
off the reel with ease.
In order to avoid a slipping off of the threads from the poses in the process of
winding, the noses can be suitably roughened or serrated and also in order to make
more easy the taking off of the completed hanks in the reeling of similar lengths of
thread they may be of a different shape.
Figs. 11, 12 and 13 show various forms of noses and windings and Figs. 14 and 15
show such noses with partial serration.
The lay of the hanks of yarn may be distributed in various ways.
This either takes place in the operation of reeling in such a way that after the
winding of a certain quantity of yarn the thread end is twisted round and this
operation is repeated until the hank is complete so that the hank (lateral section of
which with this form of lay is shown in Fig. 16) is thus divided into several

page_text: divisions corresponding to the skeins or numbers of the current market spoolings,
which divisions in the further treatment of the yarn can if necessary easily be
separated one from the other, or the lay first takes place after the skein is completed
in such a way that the thread end separates the skein into sections lying one over
the other Fig. 17 or lying one beside the other Fig. 18 whereby the outer edge of
the skein is made to project in a peculiar form for example by some of the threads
being out of the lay as at D Figs. 18, 21 and 23.
Thicker skeins will have several lays in which both systems arranging the thread
ends may be applied in combination.
A hank laid in this way is important in the further manufacture for it is very
easy in the winding to pass from a rhomboidal-cross section to a rectangular cross-
section.
Thus the cone-like shape beginning of the hank which is apparently unfavourable
to the production of a uniform tension of thread is done away with and the cross-
section Fig. 19 arises from Fig. 16 cross-section Fig. 20 from Fig. 17 and the cross
section Fig. 21 from Fig. 18 and by a diminution of the height with an increasing
breadth cross section Fig. 24 arises from Fig. 23.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 by means of the cone 3 on the spindle 1 of the driving
pulley 2 the upper cone 4 with the spindle 5 and friction-pulley 6 is caused to
revolve.
If now the lever 7 and with it the friction-pulley 6 are lifted so high that the
lever 7 and nose & are held firmly by the double-armed lever 9 then the friction
pulley 11 upon the reel spindle 10 will set the reel in motion owing to friction with
the pulley 6.
The bevel wheel 12 driven by the reel-spinale 10 engages with the bevel-
wheel 13 which is fixed to spindle 14 whereupon the spindle 14 rotates at a speed
relative to the reel as 3 is to 5.
By means of the cam 15 on the wheel-spindle 14 the double-arm lever 17 pivoting
upon 16 and held by the lever 31 which pivots upon 30 receives a uniform alternate
motion and with it also the guide rod 19 by means of the connecting-rod 18.
The worm 20 upon spindle 14 engages with the worm-wheel 22 on the forked
spindle 21.
Worm 23 upon spindle 21 moves worm-wheel 24 and the cam 26 with the
spindle 25.
By means of the cam 26 the pivot-centre 16 of the double arm lever 17 is
gradually drawn towards the left by the lever 28 pivoting upon centre 27 and by
the connecting-rod 29 whereby the uniform alternate motion of the thread guide-
rod 19 receives a lateral motion towards the left.
The throw of the alternate motion and lateral movements of the guide-rod 19 can
be altered according to the number of the yarn by means of the slots on levers 17
and 28.
The springs 32 and 33 cause the levers 17 and 28 to press against the cams 15
and 26.
For the purpose of obtaining a uniform size in the hank containing a similar
number of skeins or leas the following arrangement is devised, by means of which
after the reeling off of a certain quantity of yarn the reel spindle 10 is automatically
thrown out of gear, that is to say
Between the worm-wheels 22 and 24 there is a tube 35 fixed to the arm 34 of the
bracket 34 Fig. 25 upon this tube are moveable latches 44 and 45 and in the
interior of the tube 35 there is a spiral spring by means of which a bar 37 which is
furnished with two tongues 55 and 56 fitting the latches 44 and 45 is pressed
forwards. At one end of the bar 37 there is a handle for drawing it back the
opposite end of said bar being cranked so as to fit freely in slot arranged to receive
same, at one end of lever 36 as shown in detail Fig. 26.
As the distance between the tongues 55" and 56 is not so great as that between
said latches the bar 37 when drawn back to its farthest point is only retained by

page_text: he latch 45 catching on tongue 56 while latch. 44 can be raised without having any
effect upon the movement of bar 37.
In order however that an exact disengagement shall take place the latch 45
holding back the bar 37 is first raised by the adjustable pin 46 (which is fixed to
the slowly revolving worm-wheel 24) coming in contact with end 45" of said latch 45
whereby tongue 56 is set free the bar 37 is pushed forward by the spiral spring
until tongue 55" is held by latch 44.
The worm-wheel 24 has then moved one tooth further and thus latch 45 can fall
and simultaneously latch 44 is raised by the pin 48 fixed in the rim of the quick
revolving worm-wheel 22 coming in contact with projection 44" of latch 44 whereby
the bar 37 is released and pressed forward forcing claws 36" of lever 36 into one of
the reaches of star wheel or cross piece 38 which is fixed upon the winged shaft 43
and holds this said crosspiece fast.
By the interruption of the rotation of shaft 43 the toothed coupling 40 moved by
wheel 39 makes a lateral movement to the left and the double armed lever 9 which
pivots upon 41 disengages tongue 8 on the lever 7 which together with the friction
wheel 6 drops by force of gravity so that the friction wheels are thrown out of gear
with the result of the immediate stoppage of the reel shaft said stoppage being still
further assured by the continuous action of the adjustable brake strap 42 upon
friction pulley 11.
If the spindle is to be again set in motion the bar 37 is drawn back and held fast
by latch 4 upon tongue 56 thereby claw 36" is turned out of the reach of cross
piece and lever 7 is lifted.
The checks 47 upon the worm-wheel 24 are arranged at equal distances corre-
sponding to the desired size of the individual sections as well as to the sides of the
complete hank.
Upon beginning a new hank the spindle 21 with worm 23 is moved laterally out
of its position, spindle 25 with worm-wheel 24 and cam 26 are turned back to the
original position shown by an indicator 60 and the spindle 21 with the worm again
placed in position.
The double winged shaft 43 is for the purpose of automatically throwing out of
gear in the case of the breaking of a thread.
The thread runs over the channel 52 through the loop of the thread guide 54
which moves round 53 and through the loop upon the guide rod 19 to the reel.
Should the thread break the lower end of the thread-guide 54 falls by its own
weight into contact with the win ed shaft holds it fast and brings about a lateral
movement of the toothed coupling 40 and thus sets free lever 7 whereupon the reel
is stopped.
If the hank is ready and still upon the reel then the winged-screw-nuts 49 on the
arms of the lath 50 should be loosened. The lath is pressed down and after
unhooking laths 51 and 50 they are pressed together and the hanks can then be
immediately drawn off the noses.
Having now particularly described- and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of making up hanks of yarn (individual windings of which have
the same length independent of the thickness of the hank, and consequently upon
being stretched are subjected to a uniform tension) in such a way that upon the
alternate motion of the thread guide the reeled yarn consists of numerous or several
O right and left-handed windings within a cone, which cone is of the same form and
size for all windings substantially as described.
2. A system of winding yarn suitable to the carrying out of this process in which
the first winding is not as is usual upon the simple laths of the reel but rather upon
noses 55 (Figs. 5 to 10 and Figs. 3 and 4) which are fixed on the laths, and in
5 which system the thread guide besides its alternate motion receives a slow lateral
movement substantially as described.

page_text: 3. A hank of yarn with transverse windings produced by the application of this
process, the original rhomboidal shaped cross-section of which can be transformed
into a rectangular section without any difficulty substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd day of December 1891.
H. F. BOUGHTON.
(For) H. F. Boughton, M.I.M.E.,
Agent for the Applicant,
W. Greenwood.