Improvements in the Manufacture of Covering or Surface Tiles, Slabs, and other Articles, partly applicable to Cement.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1900-Accepted, 21st July, 1900.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Covering or Surface Tiles, Slabs,
and other Articles, partly applicable to Cement.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of CS, Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object and effect the application and utilisation of
"slate waste" such as exists in slate quarries, to the production and manufacture
of tiles or slates, to be used for similar purposes as ordinary slates or tiles, or for
any purposes to which they may be suited, and other articles.
According to this invention, the "slate waste" is ground to powder with suit-
able grinding machinery, and is compounded or combined with a solution of sili-
cate of soda, or silicate of potash, or a solution in which the silica, has been
precipitated by means of acid; and they are combined together with water. The
material, which say is in the form of putty, or in a plastic state, is formed into
slabs or tiles, or other articles as the case may be, in any known suitable way,
as by pressure in moulds or frames of a porous nature, or rendered porous in any
known suitable way; the pressure being exerted by artificial power or hand power,
as may be convenient; and then these slates, or slabs, or articles, so formed are
dried by atmospheric air, or artificially on floors or in stoves.
The dried tiles, or slates, or other articles are, in some cases, subsequently
burned or subjected to heat in a suitable kiln; and when subjected to the heat
in the kiln they may be under pressure by weights or otherwise, whereby they
are compacted to a more solid consistency.
In some cases, the moulded or formed articles are dipped in, or wetted with an
heid, or an acid combined with a base, such as alumina or other suitable aluminous
compound, which renders the articles completely waterproof.
These tiles, slates, or articles, may be coated with a colour, or any suitables
overing, which in some cases is mixed with dry silicious matter mixed with a
nild adhesive, or with a solution of silicate of soda, and these coatings or cover-
ngs are fixed according to iny former Potent No. 12985 of 1899 at any suitable
eriod of manufacture; that is before they are stoved or kilned, or afterwards.
In some cases, in conjunction with the "slate waste" there may be combined,
round slag, ground clinkers, Portland cement magnesite, or other cementitious
aterial.
If desired, the compound, when in the plastic condition may be used as a fire
oof cement, and applied in the usual manner of plastic cements.
Dated this 21st day of July 1899.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15, Water Street. Liverpool
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Covering or Surface Tiles, Slabs,
and other Articles, partly applicable to Cement.
I, JOHN CARRINGTON SELLARS, of 68, Bridge Street, Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
[Price 8d.]

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention has for its object and effect the application and utilization of
"slate waste
"such as exists in slate quarries, to the production and manufacture
of tiles or slates, to be used for similar purposes as ordinary slates or tiles, or for
any purposes to which they may be suited, and other articles. The term "slate
waste is intended to include all the waste material which comes away in the
winning of slate in slate quarries.
"
According to this invention, the "slate waste" is ground to powder with suit-
able grinding machinery, and is compounded or combined with a solution of sili-
cate of soda, or silicate of potash, or a solution in which the silica has been pre-
cipitated by means of acid; and they are combined together with water. The
material, which is semi-dry, is formed into slabs or tiles, building blocks and
tiles, or other articles as the case may be, in any known suitable way, as by
pressure in moulds or frames of a porous nature, or rendered porous in any known
suitable way; the pressure being exerted by artificial power or hand power, as
may be convenient; and then these slates, or slabs, or articles, so formed are dried
by atmospheric air, or artificially on floors or in stoves.
The dried tiles, slates, or other articles are, in some cases, subjected to heat,
say in a stove or other suitable chamber, and while so subjected they are under
pressure by weights or otherwise, whereby they are kept flat and true, and com-
pacted to great solidity.
In some cases, the moulded or formed articles are dipped in, or wetted with an
acid, such for instance as sulphuric or hydro-chloric, making the article largely
acid-proof, but somewhat porous. Or, the articles are dipped in or wetted with
an acid combined with a base, such as alumina, or other aluminous compound,
which renders the articles largely water-proof and acid-proof. But to make the
material, viz., the slabs or blocks absolutely impervious to liquid, and acid and
alkali resisting, the slabs, blocks, or articles, will be treated a plurality of times,
as just described; or dipped in or wetted with a solution of silicate of soda, and
then a solution of aluminia, and then dried with heat; or with a solution of sili-
cate of soda and some salt of iron, such as proto-sulphate of iron, and dried. This
repeated operation of treating with the substances named, and heating, may be,
and for best results should be continued until the article will not take up any
more liquid.
To make the slabs so as to render them capable of being used for passing fluid.
through them, or as filtering slabs for gases or liquids (which may be acid) or for
condensing acids, they may be made of the ground slate, and silicate of soda.
These tiles, slates, slabs, or articles may be coated with a colour, or any suit-
able colour, which, in some cases, is mixed with dry silicious matter, mixed with a
mild adhesive, or with a solution of silicate of soda; and these coatings or cover-
ings are fixed according to my former Patent No. 3527 of 1899, at any suitable
period of manufacture, that is, before they are stored, or kilned or afterwards.
In some cases, in conjunction with the slate waste, there may be combined suit-
able diluent. In some cases a small quantity of Portland cement, lime, or other
cementitious material is mixed with the ground slate, which acts as a binder, and
also combines with the ingredients, and then the article is dried and treated by
steeping or wetting with silicate of soda as above described.
For making the slates, blocks, or tiles, suitable for use in building, or as a
builder's article, a suitable proportion of substances used, namely, slate waste,
and silicate of soda, or the like, is as follows:-
3

page_text: Love to Center
a weak one, viz., 5 parts of water to 1 of strong acid of commerce, suc
as sulphuric, or hydrochloric.
When the compound or material
cement, it is made up in a plastic or moist condition, and applied in the usua
used as a fire cement, or red heat pro
manner of plastic cement. If a strong cement is required about
waste to 1 of silicate of soda will serve.
If a weaker cement is required, about 3 or parts of slate waste to 1 of silicat
This will produce a semi-dry cement
parts of slat
of soda will do. This will produce a moist cement.
This cement besides being suitable as a fire or red heat proof cement, may b
used when used with Portland cement for various building purposes, as fronting
brickwork of various kinds, as a damp, odour, or insect proof plaster, or cement
and a variety of similar or analogous purposes. Also if a small portion of Portland
cement be used with it, viz., 1 of Portland cement to 3 of red heat cement, it may
be used for moulding hearthstones in situ, or for laying hearthstones, or hearth
tiles, as well as for a building mortar, or cement for use in various cases where
comparatively small heat exists.
Also these materials may be used for any fire proof purposes, such as partitions,
walls, roofs, etcetera.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1. The herein described improved moulded or formed articles of manufacture.
consisting of or comprising ground or powdered "slate waste," and a silicate of
alkali substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. The herein described improved moulded or formed articles of manufacture,
consisting of or comprising ground or powdered "slate waste," a silicate of alkali,
and an acid; substantially as and for, the purposes set forth.
3. The herein described improved moulded or formed articles of manufacture,
consisting of or comprising ground or powdered "slate waste," a silicate of
lkali, an acid, and a base, such as referred to; substantially as and for the pur-
oses set forth.
4. The manufacture of moulded or formed articles, consisting of or comprising
round or powdered "slate waste," and a chemical substance, such as specified,
bstantially in the manner herein set forth.
5. The substance or article of manufacture, consisting of or comprising ground
powdered "slate waste," silicate of soda or alkali and water, pounded
to plastic form, and adapted to be used as a fire-proof cement, and for the pur-
ses such as herein referred to.
6. The substance or article of manufacture, consisting of or comprising ground
powdered "slate waste," silicate of soda or alkali and water, and Portland
ment, lime, or other equivalent cementitious material pounded into plastic
m. and adapted to be used as a fire-proof cement, and for the purposes such as
ein referred to.
The herein described improved articles of manufacture, consisting of or com-
ing the substances in or about the proportions herein specified, respectively
Dated this 21st dow of
די
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Applicant's Patent Agents, 15, Water Street, Livernool