IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN THE THE ARMS BY WHICH CAGE LAMPS ARE ATTACHED TO CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Howes and William Burley, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lamp Manufacturers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN THE
Scaled the 17th August 1869, and dated 'the 3rd March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Howes and
William Burley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd March 1869.
We, WALTER HOWES and WILLIAM BURLEY, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Lamp Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS AND IN THE
ARMS BY WHICH CARRIAGE LAMPS ARE ATTACHED TO CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in
carriage lamps. We make the chimneys of carriage lamps in two parts,
secured together by pressure, the middle flange of the chimney being
fixed in its place between the two parts at the same time. By this

page_text: improvement the chimneys are much stronger than chimneys of the
ordinary construction, and are not liable to be injured by the heat of the
lamp. Instead of making the holes for the escape of the vitiated air
from the lamp in the vertical sides of the chimney, as usual, we make
the said holes in the top hollow flange of the chimney. By this
arrangement the flickering of the flame in windy weather is prevented.
We use an internal chimney over the flame, and keep the said internal
chimney cool by admitting air around it through openings in the bottom
of the outer chimney. In order to prevent the running of the wax
or tallow from the candle from causing the sticking of the candle in the
lamp we introduce a supplementary tube between the candle and the
nozzle of the lamp, through which the wick protrudes. The said
supplementary tube fits upon the candle and is contracted at top so as
to rest on the top of the candle.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in
the lamp irons and the parts of carriage lamps by which the said lamps
are connected to the said irons. The said lamp irons consist of an arm
fixed to the carriage having at its end a short tube or barrel into which
the socket of the lamp fits. In making the said lamp irons according to
our Invention we line the barrel of the said irons with brass or other
metal or alloy not liable to corrosion by moisture. By this improve-
ment the sticking of the candle socket of the lamp in the barrel of the
arm is prevented. We also make a rim at the bottom of the barrel of
the lamp iron to prevent the losing of the candle tube and spring by
falling from the said barrel. In order to fasten the socket of the lamp
more effectually in the barrel of the lamp iron, we make the said rim
at the bottom of the barrel capable of turning upon the barrel, and we
cut a screw thread in the interior of the said rotary rim. On the socket
of the lamp we cut a screw thread of a size proper to take into that
in the rotary rim of the barrel. When the lamp socket has been put in
its place in the said barrel by turning the rim at the bottom of the barrel
the lamp is securely fastened to the said rim and barrel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Walter Howes and William Burley in the Great
Scal Patent Office on the 30th August 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WALTER
HOWES and WILLIAM BURLEY, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Lamp Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, hearing date the Third day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Walter Howes and William Burley,
Her special licence that we, the said Waltor Howes and William Burley,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Walter Howes and William Burley, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the torm therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS
AND IN THE ARMS BY WHICH CARRIAGE LAMPS ARE ATTACHED TO CARRIAGES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Walter Howes and
William Burley, our exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their hands and scals, or under the hand and scal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
naturo of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Burley, on behalf of
myself and the said Walter Howes, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, of the following improvements in
carriage lamps. We make the chimneys of carriage lamps in two parts,
secured together by pressure, the middle flange of the chimney being
fixed in its place between the two parts at the same time. By this

page_text: improvement the chimneys are much stronger than chimneys of the
ordinary construction, and are not liable to be injured by the heat of the
lamp. Instead of making the holes for the escape of the vitiated air
from the lamp in the vertical sides of the chimney, as usual, we make
the said holes in the top hollow flange of the chimney. By this arrange-
ment the flickering of the flame in windy weather is prevented. We
use an internal chimney over the flame, and keep the said internal
chimney cool by admitting air around it through openings in the bottom
of the outer chimney. In order to prevent the running of the wax or
tallow from the candle from causing the sticking of the candle in the
lamp, we introduce a supplementary tube between the candle and the
nozzle of the lamp, through which the wick protrudes. The said sup-
plementary tube fits upon the candle and is contracted at top so as to
rest on the top of the candle.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of the following improvements in
the lamp irons or arms and the parts of carriage lamps by which the
said lamps are connected to the said irons or arms. The said lamp irons
consist of an arm fixed to the carriage having at its end a short tube or
barrel into which the socket of the lamp fits. In making the said lamp
irons according to our Invention we line the barrel of the said irons with
brass or other metal or alloy no liable to corrosion by moisture. By this
improvement the sticking of the candle socket of the lamp in the barrel
of the arm is prevented. We also make a rim at the bottom of the
barrel of the lamp iron to prevent the losing of the candle tube and
spring by falling from the said barrel. In order to fasten the socket of
the lamp more effectually in the barrel of the lamp iron we make the
said rim at the bottom of the socket capable of turning upon the barrel,
and we cut a screw thread in the interior of the said rotary rim. On the
socket of the lamp we cut a screw thread of a size proper to take into
that in the rotary rim of the barrel. When the lamp socket has been
put in its place in the barrel by turning, the rim at the bottom of the
barrel the lamp is securely fastened to the said rim and barrel.
Having explained the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to
describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in elevation, and Figure 2 in elevation partly in
section a portion of a carriage lamp, the chimney of which is made and
constructed according to our Invention.

page_text: We make the body of the chimney of the lamp in two parts marked
respectively a, b, which parts we secure together by closing their edges
upon one another by pressure. The junction of the two parts a, b, is
marked c, and the manner in which the edges of the said parts are closed
upon one another will be understood by an examination of the section
Figure 2. We also secure the middle flange d of the chimney between
the two parts a, b, at the same time that we close the said parts a, b,.
upon one another as represented in the Drawing. We effect the closing
of the two parts a, b, of the chimney with the middle flange d between
them by means of dies worked in a press or stamp of the ordinary con-
struction. We also secure the top hollow flange or cover e of the
chimney where it joins the top of the body to the said body by pressure
in the same way as described with respect to the body and middle
flange. Or the top part a of the body may be secured to the top hollow
flange e where they join by pinning or rivetting. In the upper part a
of the chimney and top hollow flange e we make holes marked f, f, for
the escape of the vitiated air from the lamp instead of making holes in
the vertical sides of the chimney for that purpose, as is usual. The
position of the said holes ff, prevents the entrance of air into the lamp
in windy weather, and thereby eusures a steady flame in the lamp. At
the bottom of the ordinary chimney and projecting into the lamp and
situated over the flame is an internal chimney 9. The shape of the
At the bottom
internal chimney g is best seen in the section Figure 2.
of the outer chimney of the lamp is a series of holes h through which
air is admitted around the said inner chimney g for keeping the latter
cool. By the use of an internal chimney g over the flame as represented
an increased draught is obtained and a brighter light from the candle.
secured.
Figure 3 represents in section the lower part of a carriage lamp pro-
vided with our arrangement for preventing the sticking of the candle
in the lamp. i is the moveable candle tube of the lamp in which the
spring for forcing up the candle is placed; m is the fixed candle tube,
and n is the supplementary tube between the candle tube m and
candle l. The said supplementary tube n is contracted at top as
represented and rests on the top of the candle. By an examination of
Figure 3 it will be seen that the wax or tallow from the candle is
prevented by the supplementary tube n from coming in contact with
the interior of the fixed candle tube m, and hence the sticking of the

page_text: candle in the said tube m, as frequently happens, is prevented. We
prefer to apply to the nozzle of the candle tube m a cup p in which the
wax or tallow from the candle, should the latter gutter or run,
accumulates. The wax or tallow is thereby prevented from passing on
to the nozzle of the candle tube m.
Figure 4 represents in section a lamp iron or arm, the barrel of which
is lined according to our Invention; p is the arm of the iron which is
fixed to the carriage and q is the barrel. The lining of brass or other
metal or alloy not liable to corrosion by moisture is marked r. The said
lining is fixed in the barrel q by the turning over or closing of its
ends upon the ends of the barrel in the manner represented in
the Drawing. This fixing of the lining in the barrel may be effected
by press tools worked in a press or in any other convenient manner.
Figure 5 represents in section a lamp iron or arm in which the lined
barrel is provided with a rim 8 at bottom for preventing the loss of the
candle tube and spring of the lamp by falling from the barrel. We
make the said rims by turning over or closing the edge of a strong
perforated disk or ring of metal upon the bottom of the barrel q by dies
or otherwise.
Figure 6 represents the socket of a carriage lamp fitted in the barrel
Figure 5. If by accident the candle tube t become detached from the
Bocket u of the lamp while the said socket is supported in the barrel q
the candle tube t cannot pass through the barrel, in consequence of the
collar or fastening part v (indicated in dotted lines) on the candle tube t
coming against the rim 8. The candle tube and spring therein are
thereby prevented from being lost.
Figure 7 represents in elevation the barrel of a lamp iron or arm
provided with a rotary rim according to our Invention, and Figure 8
represents the same in section with the socket of a carriage lamp
fastened thereto. The said rotary rim is marked w, the barrel of the
lamp iron is marked q and the metallic lining is marked ». The rim to
is connected to the barrel q of the lamp iron p by means of pins x, x, on
the upper part of the rim engaging in an annular groove y made in the
barrel. By this arrangement the ring wo is capable of rotating upon the
barrel q.
In the interior of the rim w a concave screw thread 2 is made,
and on the socket of the lamp a convex screw thread 3 is made.
After the socket u of the lamp has been placed in the barrel of the

page_text: lamp iron the rim to is turned on the said barrel. The screw 3 on the
socket of the lamp is thereby drawn into the screw 2 in the rim and the
lamp firmly fastened to the said rim and barrel. The fixed rim 8,
Figures 5 and 6, or the rotary rim w, Figures 7 and 8, may be used
without the metallic lining in the barrel.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of our Invention. But we claim as our Invention,--
Firstly. The improvements hercin-before described and represented in
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings in manufacturing the
chimneys of carriage lamps, that is to say, securing the parts of the said
chimneys together by pressure instead of by soldering as usual.
Secondly. Making holes for the escape of the vitiated air from the
lamp in the top hollow flange of the chimney as herein-before described
and represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The combination with the ordinary chimney of carriage
lamps of an internal chimney for increasing the draught of the lamp as
herein before described and represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The improvement herein-before described with respect to
Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings for preventing the sticking of
the candle in carriage lamps.
Fifthly. Lining the barrels of carriage lamp irons or arms with
brass or other metal or alloy not liable to corrosion by moisture, for
preventing the sticking of the socket of the lamp in the said barrels as
herein-before described and represented. in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. Making a rim at the bottom of the barrels of carriage lamp
irons or arms for preventing the loss of the candle tube and spring by
falling from the said barrels as herein-before described and represented
in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. Making a rotary screwed rim at the bottom of the barrels of
carriage lamp irons or arms for preventing the loss of the candle tube
and spring by falling from the said barrels, and also for securely fastening

page_text: the lamps to the barrels as herein-before described and represented in
Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Burley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM BURLEY. (L.S.)