Improvements in and appertaining to Harness and Hoof Pads.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 28th Apr., 1894-Accepted, 23rd June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and appertaining to Harness and Hoof Pads.
I RICHARD DOUGLAS BAILEY of the "City Brewery" Gloucester in the
County of Gloucester, Consulting Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Harness prior to my invention had either not been padded at all, or had been
padded with some easily punctured cushion or with straw, hair, hemp or other
similar substance. The cushion arrangements were punctured with pressure or
with the slightest prick & the stuffing arrangements got hardened & galled the
animal on the parts where the pressure was brought to bear & which also rotted
under the influence of sweat.
In this my invention I apply puncture proof air cushions to horse collars, harness
saddles, riding saddles, the pommel of saddles, girth & other bands, breechin, traces,
breast plates, neck plates, pads, knee pads, bands & similar devices of harness; also
I apply similar cushions to the feet of horses.
For these purposes my improvements over any existing cushions
follows: :-
•
are B.S
I employ single, double or treble air tubes, either small or large; single, double
or treble air bladders either small or large; single, double or treble ontside
coverings; provide for ventilation, & absorption of sweat; a means for rendering
these air cushions puncture proof; & methods by which they may be quickly &
easily attached or detached to or from the horse collars, saddles, pads, horse shoes
& all descriptions of harness.
I thus include as follows:-
I. Within the horse, collar, either the portion that comes in contact with the
neck & shoulders of the horse, or the outer portion, or the whole or any portion of
the collar.
II. Within the harness saddle, or the riding saddle, or the pommel, or the girth
& other bands, or the breechin, traces, plates for the breast, or plates for the neck,
either the portion that comes into contact with the flesh of the horse, or the outer
portion, or the whole or any portion thereof.
III. Within the pads, knee pads, bands & similar devices, either the portion that
comes in contact with the flesh of the horse, or the outer portion or the whole or
any portion thereof.
1V. Within the sole of the foot of the horse, either covering the "frog" or
any portion of the sole; or covering the whole or any portion of the hoof.
One or more thicknesses or layers of bladder or other suitable membrane such as
india-rubber etc. which may be conveniently made of any size & shape & solutioned
or conveniently fitted or fastened with coverings of canvas, leather, felt, cork,
horse hair, hemp or other such fibre-placed in the cross section or otherwise,―or
rendered puncture proof by the application of cotton-wool, compressed cotton wool
impregnated with resin or other chemicals or chemical substance, silk, chain work,
wire work, flexible wire work wove spirally or otherwise, metal, corrugated metal
or otherwise, aluminium in any such specified shapes or forms, or any suitable
material; the whole or any part thereof together or singly to form a puncture.
proof pneumatic cushion for the neck, shoulders, breast, back, belly, legs or
feet of the horse.
This cushion or bag, applied in any of the convenient ways mentioned & made
puncture proof by the one or any of the methods mentioned & adapted for attaching

page_text: & detaching to or from any ordinary or existing horse collars, saddles, pommels,
girth & other bands, breechin, traces, breast plates, neck plates, pads, knee pads,
bands & all descriptions of harness & utensils in the shape of shoes, boots & pads
for the horses feet, may then be blown up with atmospheric air, breath, or gas
generated from chemical substances or may be filled with water or other liquid
or liquids to any degree of pressure & so form a puncture proof cushion & give
greater comfort & safer elasticity to the parts of the horse with which it comes
into contact. For the purpose of rendering these air cushions puncture proof
I employ canvas, leather, felt, cork, borse hair, hemp or other such fibre,-placed
in the cross section or otherwise,-cotton wool, compressed cotton wool impregnated
with resin or other chemical substance or substances, silk, chain work, wire work,
flexible wire work wove spirally or otherwise, metal, corrugated metal or otherwise,
aluminium in any such specified shapes or forms or any suitable material and one
or any of these substances either singly or together, solutioned, imbeded, loose,
stitched or otherwise fastened may thus be employed eitner between the inner &
outer tubes or bladders, as a fastening arrangement of the air cushions or outer
coverings to the harness, or so constructed as to form single cushions.
For the purpose of attaching & detaching these air tubes or outside coverings to
the specified barness & to the horses feet; the outside coverings may be laced or
hooked to the harness, or on the other hand the horse collars, saddles &. 'other
barness may be so constructed with rims of metal; leather, aluminium or other
suitable material & the cushions or outside coverings so fastened with india-rubber
or wire-crimped wire or otherwise-that by the inflation of the air tubes: they
tighten themselves & the outside coverings to the harness & the horses foot.
Dated this Eleventh day of December 1893.
i
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and appertaining to Harness and Hoof Pads.
I, RICHARD DOUGLAS BAILEY of the "City Brewery" Gloucester, in the
County of Gloucester, England, Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-.
My invention relates to (1) horse collars (2) harness saddles (3) riding saddles,
(4) girth and other bands, (5) breeching (6) traces (7) breast plates (8) neck
plates (9) pads (10) knee pads, (11) bands. and similar devices of harness and
(12) to the construction of horse shoe pads...
:
Harness prior to my invention had either not been padded att all, or had been
padded with some easily punctured air cushion or with straw, hair, wool, or other
similar substances. The stuffing arrangements getting hardened. galled the animal
on the parts where the pressure arose, and it also rotted under the influence of
sweat. Again when air cushions were substituted for the ordinary stuffing materials
they were easily punctured with pressure or with the slightest prick; the hamnes
and fastenings wore away the leather of the so called plate of the collar and soon
punctured the air cushion, whilst the air cushions themselves were not protected at
the parts which came into contact with the horse.
Again if the plates of the collar were not made of metal, the collar when
constructed by the aid of air cushions instead of other padding was not sufficiently
rigid or strong enough to stand the strain put upon it, and consequently lost: its
shape and very soon punctured the air cushions. Whenever air cushions have
been applied to a horse collar, the collar has proved impracticable in use, firstly,
because the air cushions have not been protested and the strain put upon them has
resulted in their becoming punctured and reudered useless,--secondly, because even

page_text: in cases where the plates of the collar have been constructed of metal, thus
preventing puncture through the outside of the collar no precaution has been taken
to render the air cushion puncture proof from within or from the part that comes
into contact with the horse, and likewise no precaution has been taken to render
the air-cushions strong enough to withstand the strain or pressure put upon
them.
The air-cushions have likewise been attached to harness by means of cement, or
have been stitched with wire or other materials in such a manner that they could
not easily and readily be got at for repairs, should a puncture take place.
Outside coverings of canvas and similar substances have likewise been attached
in the same manner and the whole arrangements have been complicated and
impracticable.
With regard to riding saddles, the pannels or parts which come into contact with
the horse have heretofore been padded with straw, hair, wool or other similar
substance or have been constructed with air cushions in a like manner to the collar
before-mentioned.
No precaution has been taken to render the air cushions puncture-proof at the
parts which come into contact with the horse and consequently these in a like
manner are liable to puncture.
With regard to harness saddles, draught horse harness saddles, girth bands,
breast plates, neck plates, knee pads and all descriptions of haruess the same
remarks more or less apply.
With regard to horse shoe pads, numerous attempts have been made to use
rubber, leather, cork, sponge and other materials in conjunction with the shoes,
but horse shoes constructed in such a manner or with the addition of appliances
such as heretofore have been tried have only partially succeeded and often utterly
failed, the chief cause of failure having been the impracticable nature of the
inventions and the unsuitability and inability to withstand the hard wear and tear to
which horse shoes are subjected, whilst the means of preventing puncture, in such
cases where the pneumatic principle has been applied to a horse's foot, have either
been very complicated or in the endeavour to prevent puncture, the pneumatic
principle has been destroyed, the substance used to protect the air cushion, not
being of a sufficiently strong material which is at the same time resilient and
flexible.
My invention consists of the construction of horse collars, saddles and all
descriptions of harness, also the construction of horse shoe pads, with the pneumatic
or air cushions applied in such a manner that they are puncture proof, readily
attachable or detachable to or from the specified harness and capable of with-
standing a pressure to the extent of 125 lbs. to the square inch.
I construct my horse collars, saddles, bands breast-plates, neck-plates, pads and
horse shoe pads after the manner detailed in the accompanying drawings, at the
same time not holding myself strictly to every detail as the methods of construction
here mentioned may be varied in many ways. I show means of constructing a
horse collar with the air cushions applied in such a manner that the air cushions
are rendered puncture-proof and are capable of withstanding a heavy strain or
pressure without bursting. I also show means of strengthening a leather collar so
that it will not alter its shape as heretofore, and in applying the air tubes to a
metal collar I render it absolutely puncture proof on both sides.
These remarks equally apply to harness saddles and riding saddles.
I also, when inaking the metal plates for horse collars, and the plates and pannels
for harness saddles and riding saddles, form them in a single piece of metal by
either casting the same of aluminium bronze or other aluminium alloy or metal; or
I stamp and fashion them out of one piece of iron, steel or other hard malleable
and ductile metals and alloys, in which case they are absolutely weldless, jointless
or seamless and of much greater strength and lightness than heretofore attained.
I also show means by which the outside coverings to these air cushions may be
readily and easily attached to or detached from the specified harness; whilst with

page_text: the horse shoe pads I show the methods of construction, rendering puncture-proof
and of readily attaching to and detaching from any existing horse shoe.
In the first place then I apply to the inuer or outer or to any portion of the
harness specified namely, horse collars, harness saddles, riding saddles, girth and
other bands, breeching, traces, breast-plates, neck-plates, pads, knee-pads, bands
and similar devices of harness; also to the foot or shoe of the horse, a puncture
proof cushion composed of a membrane or elastic substance or substances such as
india-rubber, which may be blown out with atmospheric air, breath or gas generated
from chemical substances, or which may be filled with water or other liquid or
liquids and expanded by one or any of these methods to any degree of pressure.
These air cushions may be made of any description of membrane or elastic
substance such as india-rubber and may be conveniently made of any size or shape
such as small or large bladders or small or large balls or may be one or more small
or large tubes. They may be of one or more thicknesses of this membrane or
elastic substance.
In order to strengthen these air cushions, so that they will stand the heavy
pressure put upon them, the air cushions are made of india-rubber or other elastic
substance and they have linen strands, hemp strands, or other fibre strands running
transversely or otherwise embedded in the india-rubber so that when the cushion is
inflated it contracts itself and becomes stronger; or they may have leather, canvas,
woven hair, silk, chamois leather, flannel, or other suitable material embedded in the
india rubber. In order to render the air-cushions puncture proof they may have
compressed cotton wool impregnated with resin or other chemical substance or
substances; silk, compressed felt, impregnated with chemicale or chemical
substances, chain work, wire work, flexible wire work wove spirally or otherwise,
metal corrugated metal, aluminium in the shape of wire work, spirally wove wire
work, or corrugated; zinc or any such material, embedded in the india-rubber.
The air cushions constructed on any of these methods form single cushions
which are of great strength or are absolutely puncture-proof.
In cases where the air cushions are simply strengthened by embedding linen,
hemp or other strands, leather, canvas, woven hair, silk, chamois leather, flannel or
other suitable material in the india-rubber, it will be found advantageous to also
provide a preventive against puncture. In such cases I apply outside coverings of
compressed cotton wool impregnated with resin or other chemical substances; silk,
compressed felt impregnated with resin or other chemical substances, chain work,
wire work, flexible wire work wove spirally or otherwise; metal, corrugated metal,
aluminium in the shape of wire work, spirally wove wire work, corrugated or of
thin sheet; zinc or any such material and one or any of these materials either
singly or together, solutioned, embedded, loose or fastened may thus be employed
as a covering to the air cushions.
In cases where it is found necessary to find means for the absorption of sweat,
other coverings of flannel, felt, sponge, chamois leather, cork or other suitable
absorptive material may be employed over the puncture proof air cushions between
the inner and outer tubes or as a covering over the single strengthened tubes.
For attaching and detaching these outside coverings to the air cushions, or for
attaching and detaching the single tubes themselves in cases where they are
constructed so as to do without outside coverings, they may be laced, hooked,
buttoned or otherwise fastened with india rubber, wire, crimped wire or otherwise,
or other suitable material, or the horse collars, saddles and other descriptions of
harness may be so constructed of metal, leather, aluminium or other suitable
material that by the inflation of the air cushions they tighten themselves to the
specified harness and to the borse's feet.
I will now described the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
which show the most convenient methods of carrying it out.
Fig. 1, shows some of the methods of embedding a fabric such as canvas, or a
material such as woven hair, in the india rubber for the purpose of rendering it
capable of standing a high pressure when made into bags for inflation with air.

page_text: a, is the rubber. 6, the fibre threads, 61, 62, such material as woren hair and
64, such substances as thin leather, silk, chamois leather flannel, or other suitable
materials.
Fig. I shows some of the methods of embedding in india-rubber such materials
as will afterwards render it puncture proof such as c, compressed cotton wool
impregnated with resin, c' compressed felt impregnated with resin, c³, chain work,
c', wire work, c', flexible wire work woven spirally or otherwise or perforated metal,
, metal sheet, co, corrugated sheet metal, c', c8, c³, clo, cll, cl, aluminium, copper or
ziuc in any such form, a, is the rubber.
Any of the substances in Figs. 1 and 2 may be taken either singly or together
and when suitable saturated with rubber and then vulcanized, or may be placed.
upon an unvulcanized sheet of rubber and then vulcanized thereto. On the other
hand any of these materials either singly or together may be used as outside or
inside protectors of the air cushions.
Fig. III, shows spirally woven flexible wire embedded in india-rubber which is
employed more particularly for the horse-shoe pad and which is puncture-proof
under pressure, as the inflation of the air chamber closes the spiral apertures. a, is
the rubber, c, the spirally woven flexible wire.
Fig. 4 shows the shell or skeleton frame of a horse collar constructed of metal,
, without hames, d' with hames.
Fig. 5, shows the skeleton shell or frame of harness saddles e, draught horse
harness saddles e¹, and riding saddles ², e, constructed of metal.
These skeleton frames have hitherto been made of drop forgings and steel ory
gas tubing. This done the tubular parts have to be carefully fitted to the
forgings prepared for them, rivetted, carefully lined and then brazed together.
1
In order to greatly reduce the labour and cost of manufacture and produce'
these skeletons of greater strength and rigidity with reduced weight I form them.
in a single piece of metal by either casting the same of aluminium bronze or
other aluminium alloy or I stamp or fashion them out of one piece of iron, steelį
or other malleable and ductile metals or alloys.
Fig. 6 shows four views of a leather collar d, strengthened in order that it
shall not change its shape and that it may not only retain its rigidity when the.
air cushion is attached but likewise afford means for the easy attachment or
detachment of outside coverings.
Fig. 64, is a back view of the leather collar d', with its ordinary stuffing,
removed.
6 shows the metal strengthening parts, attached to the roll d³.
6, shows the roll d³, and the metal parts d', detached from the collar. The
roll d, may be constructed of metal as explained in Figs. 4 and 5, or it may be
formed of either solid or hollow metal.
6 shows a section of the metal collar frame do, stamped or fashioned of one
piece of metal.
Fig. 7 shows the collar constructed on any of the systems mentioned. d, is
the frame or skeleton of a strengthened leather or metal collar. d, and d³, the
rims or beads of metal to allow for the attachment and detachment of the outside
coverings. 9, shows the air bag or cushion. f, the outside covering which is
rendered puncture proof and which is composed of one or any of the substances
named in Figs. 1 and 2.
One, two or more of these outside coverings may be attached.
Rims of wire ',, are fastened round these outside coverings so that when the
coverings are placed over the air cushion in the collar by inflation, the wires f¹, ƒ³,
grip to the rims do, do, and so tighten the outside coverings to the collar.
The outside coverings may be detached by allowing the air to escape from the
inflated cushion g.
Fig. 8, shows the pannels of riding saddles, harness saddles and draught harness
saddles with the air tubes or cushions g', g², y³, attached.
The leather portions of these saddles may be strengthened by the aid of rims of.

page_text: metal as explained in Fig. so that the outside puncture proof coverings tighten
themselves upon inflation of the air tubes as described.
Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 20 and 22 show methods of constructing a tubular
padding or cushion with a metal plate which may form the rim of the collar or a
means of attachment to the harness under which the tubular cushion is employed.
n, is an outer rubber tube. g, is an air or pneumatic inner tube. o, is a layer
of canvas for strengthening the tube. p, is a metal rim. 9, 9, are straight wires
for securing the outer tube. 1", is a crimped or curved wire for the same purpose.
Fig. 14 shows a method of connecting the cover n, to the rim p.
lug. ', is an adjustable lug., is a threaded wire which screws into the lug s'.
,is a wire connected to the lug s¹.
Fig. 15 shows a single air tube 9. detached..
Fig. 16 shows a single tube g, with roughened surface for ventilation.
Fig. 18 shows a tube with an outside non-puncturable cover n'.
3, is a fixed
Fig. 19 shows a mode of attaching the air tube to the metal rim p, by using an
outer cover n, which encloses both the air tube g, and the rim p, and is fastened by
hooks n, and pins, n³. The puncture proof protector t, can be placed as shewn
beneath the cover n.
.
Figs. 20 and 25 show an outer tube with corrugated surface for ventilation.
Fig. 21 shows the outer cover n, detached.
Fig. 23 shows methods of attaching the outer rubber tube n, to the rim p, by
means of longitudinal wires g. 7, 9, are slots cut in the rim to receive the ends
of the wires.
Fig. 24 shows a plan of substituting leather or hide for canvas as a protection
to air tube.
Fig. 26 is a method of attaching the outer rubber tube n, to the rim p, by means
of a projecting wedge-piece v, formed of canvas and india-rubber.
Fig. 27 shows a section of a tubular air cushion with a rubber plug w, solutioned
into position.
The said plug is wedged into apertures in the rim p, of the horse collar.
Fig. 28, shows a section as in Fig. 27 of the rubber plug w, partly detached from
the air tube at the place where it is intended to be solutioned. It may be fastened
in any other suitable manner.
Fig. 29 is a section of a strengthened air tube g, inflated inside an outer tube n,
and clinging to the rim p, by means of the bead wedge to¹.
Fig. 30 shows a section of a tubular air cushion furnished with two grappling
hooks u.
◉
Fig. 31 shows a similar section without the grappling hooks u. 2, is a wedge
piece formed of canvas and rubber for attaching to the metal rim p.
Figs. 32 shows pads h', ', h, which may be varied in form and shape, and
which may be made entirely of india-rubber, leather or other suitable substance.
The recess h³, is for the air cushion, whilst and he, show the rims of metal or
other hard material by which a door is formed to admit of the air cushion being
inserted and locked in position. 9, is the air cushion.
Fig. 33 shows a strap such as a girth band, breeching traces or breast strap.
o, is the air cushion with puncture proof outside covering attached.
Fig. 34 shows breast plates i, neck plates j and saddle cloths k, k, which are
made of india rubber or other suitable material, and in order to render them
puncture proof they may be made on any of the systems already mentioned or they
may be ordinary air tubes placed in a bag or covering of compressed cotton wool
impregnated with resin or other chemical substances and afterwards covered with,
silk, felt, flannel, leather or other such material.
In order to allow for ventilation, these cushions may be constructed with eyelet
holes k¹, or by means of holes of any size or shape either by solutioning canvas,
rubber or other material in the cushions in a similar manner.
Fig. 35 shows horse shoe pad l. shows the pad inflated. 1, solid india-rubber
with canvas and spirally wove flexible wire embedded therein so as to render it

page_text: puncture proof as described in Fig. 3. 13, shows the methods of attaching with
wires, in cases where the pad is not nailed on with the shoe. m is the valve by
which the air bladder is inflated.
A similar valve is used for inflating the whole of the harness described and may
be attached to any convenient part thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The application of puncture proof pneumatic cushions for horse collars,.
saddles, pads, bands, breast-plates, neck-plates and all other descriptions of harness;
also for horse's feet, as herein described and set forth.
2. The construction of strengthened air cushions to stand a much greater strain
or pressure than the ordinary plain india rubber cushions heretofore used, as herein.
described and set forth.
3. Puncture-proof pneumatic cushions that may be readily and easily attached to
or detached from the specified harness, and also readily and easily attached to or
detached from the horse's feet, as herein described and set forth.
4. Single tube puncture-proof cushions or strengthened cushions with or without
outside coverings as herein described and set forth.
5. Puncture proof outside coverings for the air tubes of harness and hoof pads,.
as herein described and set forth.
6. Attachable and detachable outside coverings for the purpose of absorbing
sweat, as herein described and set forth.
7. The application of these puncture proof pneumatic cushions to any existing
horse collars, saddies, pads or other descriptions of harness, and also to any existing
horse shoe, as herein described and set forth.
8. The construction of skeleton frames for horse collars of aluminium or any
description of metal with or without an alloy cast in one piece or stamped and
fashioned out of one piece of iron steel or other suitable metals and alloys, so as to
be jointless, weldless or seamless, as herein described and set forth.
9. The construction of skeleton frames for harness saddles and riding saddles of
aluminium or of some suitable aluminium alloy as herein described and set forth.
10. The construction of leather borse collars, harness saddles and riding saddles.
strengthened as herein described and set forth.
11. The application of cushions or pads constructed after the manner stated for
breast plates, neck-plates and knee and other pads, and either rendered puncture
proof and ventilated or otherwise, as herein described and set forth.
12. The application of the puncture-proof pneumatic cushions, or the cushions-
and puncture proof outside coverings, or the strengthened cushions with or without
outside coverings according to any of the methods stated and attached to any of
the specified harness, as herein described and set forth.
13. The application of spiral wove flexible wire for the purposes stated as herein
described and set forth.
14. The various ways drawn or described herein for strengthening, rendering
puncture proof and of fastening the air cushious and outside coverings to the:
harness, and to the horse's feet, as herein described and set forth.
ليهم
1100
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, E.C., Agent for Applicant..
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, E.C., Agent for Applicant..