IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN."-A
communication from abroad by Waldron Joseph Cheyney, of Philadelphia,
in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Sealed the 16th August 1867, and dated the 7th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th March 1867.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN," to
be as follows:-
A composition resembling porcelain is produced by the use of the minerals
known as cryolite, chiolite, and fluellite, in combination with sand, soda, potash,
lime, or other alkali or oxide in such combinations and in such proportions as

page_text: may be necessary to produce porcelain in the various forms in which it is known
commercially from egg shell china to statuary porcelain or parian.
The following combinations and proportions answer well for the various forms
in which porcelain is ordinarily sold :-Sand, 50 parts; cryolite, 20 parts;
minium, 5 parts; if chiolite be used instead of cryolite add 5 parts of soda;
if fluellite be used, add 15 parts of soda; for soft porcelain the soda is to be
increased by 5 parts; for hard porcelain potash is to be substituted for the
soda; for parian add lime 5 parts; all by weight. The materials when inti-
mately mixed are introduced into a furnace in a crucible or an ordinary glass
pot. When completely fused the metal is run into proper moulds; if desired
the metal can be blown in the same way as ordinary glass either by hand or
in moulds.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th September 1867.
. TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON; of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN," being a communication
to me from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and, in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be

page_text: )
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and'
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is by the combination or admixture of certain
substances hereafter mentioned to produce a substance resembling. porcelain.
To this end it is proposed to use either of the minerals known, as cryolite,
chiolite, and fluellite (they being respectively fluorides of sodium and aluminium
and a fluoride of aluminium). The substance employed is mixed thoroughly
with sand or with sand, soda, potash, lime, or other alkali or oxide in such
combinations and in such proportions as may be necessary to produce porcelain
in the various forms in which it is known commercially from egg shell china
to statuary porcelain or parian.
The following combinations and proportions will answer well for the various
forms in which porcelain is ordinarily sold :-Sand, fifty parts; cryolite, twenty
parts; minium, five parts, 50+20+5=75 parts by weight. If chiolite be
used instead of cryolite, add five parts of soda; if fluellite be used, add fifteen
parts of soda, as fluellite is deficient in soda which is found in both cryolite and
chiolite, though in different proportions. For soft porcelain the soda is to be
increased by five parts; for hard porcelain, potash is to be substituted for the
soda; for parian, add lime five parts; all by weight. These materials when
intimately mixed are introduced into a furnace in a crucible or vessel something
like an ordinary glass pot, with the exception of having an opening at the
bottom for the purpose of discharging the fluxed metal in casting. When
completely fused the metal is run into proper moulds, or if deemed necessary
it may be pressed; if desired the metal can be blown in the same way as
ordinary glass either by hand or in moulds.
Having thus described the Invention which has been communicated to me
as aforesaid, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
First, the use of the minerals known as cryolite and chiolite or their
equivalents in combination with silica for the purpose of producing a vitreous
porcelain, as described.
Second, the fusing of cryolite, chiolite, or fluellite, or their equivalents with
silica in combination with soda, potash, lime, or other alkali or oxide, in the
manner and for the purpose described.
Third, a new article of manufacture made by fusing silica with either or both

page_text: of the minerals known as cryolite and chiolite, or with fluellite and an alkali,
or their equivalents, which I call "hot-cast porcelain."
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fourth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.s.)