IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING RECIPROCATING MOTION IN MOTOR ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY."
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Ernst Adolph Hoermann, of Berlin, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, but at present of No. 4, Great Tower Street, in the City of London,
for the Invention of IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING
RECIPROCATING MOTION IN MOTOR ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Ernst Adolph
Hoermann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September
1876.
GUSTAV ERNST ADOLPH HOERMANN, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, but at
present of No. 4, Great Tower Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVED MEANS
AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING RECIPROCATING MOTION IN MOTOR ENGINES AND
OTHER MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for regulating recipro-
cating motion in motor engines and other machinery whereby the disadvantages
attendant on the use of the ordinary crank motion and fly wheels are obviated, the
Invention being particularly applicable to direct acting motor engines.
For this purpose I connect to a point in the piston rod or other rod by which
rectilinear motion is communicated, or to a point moving with such rod, the one
end of a link whose other end is connected to an oscillating arm or pendulum, the
centre of oscillation of which is in the line of motion of the said piston or other
rod or of the moving point to which the link is connected, so that as the one end
of the said link is caused to move to and fro with the piston or other rod its other
end imparts a vibrating motion to the said oscillating arm or pendulum, and in
doing so moves in a circular path relatively to its first-named end. The oscillating
arm or pendulum being weighted to any desired extent, and its time of oscillation
being in accord with the time in which the piston or other rod is required to
perform its stroke, it will be seen that the motion of the latter will be regulated
by the former, and also that irrespective of the weight attached to the pendulum
this, in combination with the link, will limit the extent of motion of the piston or
other rod which in the absence of the ordinary crank and connecting rod mechanism
is otherwise without a definite limit, and consequently necessitates in many cases
the use of stops or buffers producing detrimental shocks to the motion.
Instead of the oscillating arm itself being weighted and acting as a pendulum it

page_text: may be arranged to impart a corresponding oscillating motion to another arm or
pendulum carrying a weight, and when applied to motor engines it affords a
convenient means for imparting the requisite motion to the valves or slides that
regulate the admission and exhaust steam or other fluid pressure to and from the
engine cylinder.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gustav Ernst Adolph Hoermann in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 19th March 1877.
GUSTAV ERNST ADOLPH HOERMANN, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, but
" IMPROVED
at present of No. 4, Great Tower Street, in the City of London.
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING RECIPROCATING MOTION IN MOTOR
ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for regulating recipro-
cating motion in motor engines and other machinery whereby the disadvantages
attendant on the use of the ordinary crank motion and fly wheels are obviated, the
Invention being particularly applicable to direct acting motor engines.
For this purpose I connect to a point in the piston rod or other rod by which
rectilinear motion is communicated, or to a point moving with such rod, the one
end of a link whose other end is connected to an oscillating arm or pendulum, the
centre of oscillation of which is in the line of motion of the said piston or other
rod, or of the moving point to which the link is connected, so that as the one end
of the said link is caused to move to and fro with the piston or other rod its other
end imparts a vibrating motion to the said oscillating arm or pendulum, and in
doing so moves in a circular path relatively to its first-named end. The oscillating
aim or pendulum being weighted to any desired extent, and its time of oscillation
.being in accord with the time in which the piston or other rod is required to
perform its stroke, it will be seen that the motion of the latter will be regulated by
the former, and also that irrespective of the weight attached to the pendulum this,
in combination with the link, will limit the extent of motion of the piston or other
rod which, in the absence of the ordinary crank and connecting rod mechanism is
otherwise without a definite limit, and consequently necessitates in many cases the
use of stops or buffers producing detrimental shocks to the motion.
Instead of the oscillating arm itself being weighted and acting as a pendulum it
may be arranged to impart a corresponding oscillating motion to another arm or
pendulum carrying a weight, and when applied to motor engines it affords a
convenient means for imparting the requisite motion to the valves or slides that
regulate the admission and exhaust steam or other fluid pressure to and from the
engine cylinder.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings shews one arrangement of my before-
described Invention.
The rod A forming part of any machine or motor engine having a rectilinear
reciprocating motion imparted to it is connected at the point a by means of a link
a, b, to the point b of an arm or pendulum b, c, carrying a weight w, and suspended
from a point c in line with the rod A. From this arrangement it will be seen that
as the rod A moves to and fro the end a of the link a, b, moves to and fro with it
while the other end b of the link is made to partake of the oscillating motion of
the pendulum, so that the period of oscillation of the latter being arranged to
coincide with the reciprocating motion of the rod A, and its weight w being
Bufficiently heavy, it will exercise a regulating influence on the motion rod, and it
will at the same time serve to limit the extent of such motion between the joints

page_text: a², a, should it not be otherwise limited. The weight w may be arranged in any
desired position relative to the link a, b, according to the length required for the
pendulum; thus it may be placed at the point of connection b, as shewn by the
circle w¹, or it may be at w³, or it may be placed on the link itself, as at w³. Again,
instead of being on the arm b, c, itself the weight may be on a separate arm or
pendulum, as at w*, connected to the arm b, c, by a rod, so as to move in accord
with it. If the weight is on the link a, b, it may be formed in one therewith, as at
w, Fig. 2, or the whole link may be formed as a heavy disc, as at w¹, having at a
an eye connected to a pin on the rod A, and a pin at b connected to an eye on the
arm b, c.
Fig. 3 shews the application of the weighted pendulum to regulate the motion of.
a direct acting steam pump. In this case the requisite motion of the slide valve
may be conveniently obtained by connecting to the upper end of the pendulum an
arm c, d, which is connected to the slide rod.
In order to impart a certain amount of lead to the slide an arrangement, such as
is shewn at Fig. 4 may be used. Here the piston rod is connected to the disc
weight w by a pin or trunnion passing through it at a, and it has a pin at b
passing through the armn b, c, on the one side, and carrying a small crank b, d, on
the other side connected by a link to a bell-crank lever e, f, g, the short arm of
which is connected to the slide rod. The crank b, d, should be at right angles to
the line connecting the points a and b, its length determining the amount of lead
given to the slide. In place of the bell-crank e, f, g, might be used a double ended
straight lever in line with the arm f, g, in which case the crank b, d, might be
connected by a rod to the other end of such lever, but in this case, in order to
obtain the required lead, the angle a, b, d, must be made less than 90°.
In the arrangement shewn at Fig. 5 the crank b, d, is connected directly by the
rod d, e, to the slide rod, and the trunnion c of the pendulum is arranged below
instead of above the points a and b, the arrangement being the reverse of those
previously described. The motion of the slide may however be obtained in any
known manner, such as is now employed for direct acting engines.
Fig. 6 shews the weighted pendulum applied to a horizontally reciprocating rod.
In this case there should be a second weight w¹ on the other side of the pendulum
c of the arm c, b, balancing the weight w. Fig. 7 shews the same arrangement
applied to a direct acting engine, the weight w being made to act as the connecting
link, as previously described. The weighted pendulum may also be employed to
regulate a curvilinear reciprocating motion, such as is shown at Fig. 8, where the
free end of the rod a, d, moving to and fro in the curved path a¹, a², is connected
by the link a, b, to the pendulum b, c, moving in the path b₁, 62, which consequently
controls its motion. It will be evident that the greater the length of the pendulum
the nearer will the path described by its extremity approach a straight line, and in .
that case it may be convenient to dispense with the pendulum arm entirely, and
arrange the weight thereof to move between guides so formed as to cause it to
describe the same path which it would pass through if it were connected to the
pendulum.
Fig. 9 shews such an arrangement in which the pendulum is supposed to be of
infinite length, that is, the weight w is caused to move in a straight path in the
guide . The reciprocating rod A is connected by the link a, b, to a sliding block
working in the guide k and carrying the weight w. The weight may be made
as a disc w¹ connected by a pin to the rod A. at a, thus doing away with the
link a, b.
Fig. 10 shews an arrangement in which in place of the pendulum weight is
employed a steam pump 7, the rod of which is connected to the rod of the pump m
by the link a, b, so that the motion of the pump will regulate that of the pump m,
and vice versa. As the central point m of the link a, b, moves in a circle, the
centre of which is at n, a crank having this joint as its centre, and whose pin is
connected to the link a, b, at m¹ would receive rotary motion, which might be
employed for working the slide gear, or for other purposes,

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim,-
First. Regulating reciprocating motion in motor engines and other machinery by
means of a pendulum or vibrating weighted arm or its equivalent connected to the
piston rod or other reciprocating part in such manner that while the latter imparts
a reciprocating motion to the pendulum this both regulates and limits the motion
of the piston rod or other reciprocating part, substantially as herein described.
Second. The use for regulating reciprocating motion in motor engines and other
machinery of a pendulum or weighted arm connected to the reciprocating part by
a link or its equivalent, and so arranged that when the reciprocating part is at
either end of its stroke the connecting points of the link lie in the line of its
motion, while when the said part is at or about half stroke the connecting
points lie in a line at or about right angles to its motion, substantially as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Ernst Adolph Hoermann, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.