Improved Means for Supporting Porcelain or other Imitation 1. Candles on Electric Light Fittings.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Supporting Porcelain or other Imitation
1. Candles on Electric Light Fittings.
I, HAROLD FARADAY, of the Firm of Faraday and Son, Electric Light
Engineers, 3 Berners Street, Oxford Street, in the County of London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improved means for supporting porcelain or other
imitation candles on electric light fittings, or on chandeliers, candelabra, sconces
and other candle-fittings, which have been converted into electric light fittings.
My said invention is chiefly designed to facilitate the removal of the porcelain
or other imitation candles from their supports for cleaning or other purposes, and
to provide for rigidly maintaining the porcelain candles in an upright position on
the electrolier or other fitting.
With adapter-fittings of this kind or class, as hitherto constructed, wherein
india-rubber washers are used to keep the porcelain sleeve or imitation candle in
an upright position, it is often difficult to remove the said sleeve or imitation
candle, because the said washers cling to the interior surface thereof. Moreover,
the cork or wood plug usually employed for securing the adapter-fitting in the
candle-ring or socket is liable to shrink, and thus become loose so that the adapter-
fitting is no longer held in a vertical position.
Now, according to my invention, I obviate these disadvantages by constructing
the adapter-fitting of metal in the manner hereinafter described.
One feature of my said invention consists in making the adapter-fitting with a
hollow metal plug or spigot to fit into the candle-ring or socket; the said plug or
spigot being slit in one or more places, so that it may be readily forced into the
candle-ring or socket and will then be securely retained therein in such a manner
that it will hold the adapter-fitting in a vertical position, whilst it can be readily
removed when desired.
Another feature of my said invention is the provision of springs so arranged on
the adapter-fitting that they will retain the porcelain sleeve or imitation candle in
its proper position, and will adapt themselves to varying sizes of such sleeves or
candles:
My improved adapter-fitting is preferably built up on a central metal tube, on
the-upper end of which is provided a lamp-holder of any suitable construction, but
of such diameter as to allow the porcelain or other sleeve or imitation candle to
pass easily over it. On the lower end of the said tube is provided the hollow
inetal plug or spigot, having a shoulder of such diameter as to form an adequate
support for the said sleeve or candle. To keep the porcelain sleeve concentric
with the said metal tube, I secure to the said tube, at or about the middle of their
length, several curved or bent springs, so arranged that their ends are free and
will bear on the interior of the porcelain sleeve. These springs permit the use, on
the adapter-fitting, of porcelain sleeves of different internal diameter, so that any
of the porcelain sleeves on an electrolier will fit either one of the adapter-fittings.
Moreover the said porcelain sleeves or imitation candles can be very readily
removed and replaced.
I make the said hollow metal plugs or spigots of various sizes so as to fit any
existing candle-ring or socket.
"The electric connections to the said lamp-holder are preferably made by means
of wires or conductors passing up through the central metal tube, so that the said

page_text: wires will be effectually protected against injury or accidental displacement when
the porcelain sleeve or imitation candle is removed.
Dated the 13th day of May 1893
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Supporting Porcelain or other. Imitation
Candles on Electric Light Fittings. .
I, HAROLD FARADAY, of the Firm of Faraday and Son, Electric Light
Engineers, 3, Berners Street, Oxford Street, in the County of London, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to improved means for supporting porcelain or other
imitation candles on electric light fittings, or on chandeliers, candelabra, sconces
and other candle-fittings, which have been or are to be converted into electric light
fittings.
My said invention is chiefly designed to facilitate the removal of the porcelain
or other imitation candles from their supports for cleaning or other purposes, and
their replacement thereon, and to provide for rigidly maintaining the said imitation
candles in an upright position on the electrolier or other fitting.
With adapter-fittings of this kind or class, as hitherto constructed, wherein india-
rubber washers are used to keep the porcelain sleeve or imitation candle in an
upright position, it is often difficult to remove the said sleeve or imitation candle,
because the said washers cling or adhere to the interior surface thereof. Moreover,
the cork or wood plug usually employed for securing the adapter-fitting in the
candle-ring or socket is liable to shrink, and thus become loose so that the adapter-
fitting will no longer be held in a vertical position thereby.
Now, according to my invention, I obviate these disadvantages by constructing
the adapter-fitting of metal in the manner hereinafter described.
One feature of my said invention consists in making the adapter-fitting with a
hollow metal plug or spigot at its lower end to fit into the candle-ring or socket, the
said hollow plug or spigot being slit in one or more places, to make it springy or
elastic, so that it may be readily forced into the candle-ring or socket, and will
then be securely retained therein so as to hold the adapter-fitting in the required
position, whilst it can be readily removed and replaced when desired.
Another feature of my said invention is the provision of springs so arranged on
the adapter-fitting that they will retain the porcelain sleeve or imitation candle in
its. proper position, and will adapt themselves to various sizes of such sleeves or
candles, whilst permitting the ready removal and replacement of the sleeve or
candle.
In the accompanying drawing:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of one form of my improved adapter-fitting with an
electric lamp attached thereto.
Figure 2 is a similar view without the lamp, the porcelain or other sleeve
or imitation candle and other parts being shown in vertical central section.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line a, a, Figure 2.
a is a central metal tube, on the upper end of which is secured a lamp-holder b
of any suitable construction, but of such external diameter as to allow the porcelain
or other sleeve or imitation candle e to pass easily over it. On the lower end of
the said tube a is provided the hollow metal plug or spigot d for securing the
adapter-fitting in the candle-ring or socket on the electrolier or other electric light

page_text: fitting. This hollow plug or spigot is made with a collar or flange e of such
diameter as to form an adequate support for the said sleeve or imitation candle c.
The plug or spigot d shown in the drawing is made with four equidistant vertical
slits d' so that it may be forcibly inserted into the candle-ring or socket and will
be retained therein by the spring or elasticity of the parts between the said slits.
These hollow metal plugs or spigots d may be made of various sizes so as to fit
any existing candle-ring or socket.
To keep the sleeve or imitation candle c concentric with the tube a, whilst
permitting the ready removal and replacement of the said sleeve or candle, I secure
several curved or hent springs f to the said tube, at or about the middle of their
length, in such a manner that. their ends are free and will bear on the interior of
the said sleeve or candle c. These springs will adapt themselves, within certain
limits, to sleeves or imitation candles of different internal diameter, so that any of
the porcelain or other sleeves or imitation candles on an electrolier or other electric
light fitting, can be placed on either one of the adapter-fittings thereon.
-
Three of the springs are used in the adapter-fitting shown in the drawing.
A larger number thereof may, however, be used if desired.
I find it advantageous to make the said springs of a single piece of sheet-metal
stamped or cut to the required shape so that the springs are connected about the
middle of their length by a metal band which is then bent or curved to fit the
central tube a, to which it is secured by solder or in any other convenient manner.
The said springs fmay, however, be made of separate pieces of metal attached to
the tube a by rivets, solder or the like.
The electrical connections to the lamp-holder bare preferably made by means of
wires or conductors 9, 9' passing up through the central metal tube a and attached
to spring terminals h, h¹ in the said lamp-holder; the said wires or conductors will,
therefore, be effectually protected against injury or accidental displacement when
the sleeve or imitation candle c is removed for cleaning or other purposes.
It is evident that I can somewhat modify the construction of the improved
adapter-fitting without departing from the nature of my said invention. For
instance, can, if desired, provide a separate set of springs near each end of the
tube a in place of the double-ended springs, for the purpose above specified. And
I can make my adapter-fitting with metal springs arranged substantially as herein-
before described and with other suitable forms of plugs or spigots for securing the
fitting in the candle ring or socket.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. An adapter-fitting for the purpose above specified, provided with metal
springs which press against the interior surface of the sleeve or imitation candle,
substantially as described.
Second. An adapter-fitting formed with an elastic hollow metal plug or spigot
and with metal springs, for the purposes above specified.
Third. The improved adapter-fitting constructed substantially as described with
reference to the accompanying drawing, and for the purpose specified.
Dated the 24th day of January 1894.
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.