AN IMPROVED MILL USED FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND REDUCING BONES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gillett, of Upper Brailes, in the County of
Warwickshire, Agricultural Implement Maker, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MILL USED FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND REDUCING BONES,
35
Sealed the 29th September 1859, and dated the 14th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Gillett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1859.
I, JOHN GILLETT, of Upper Brailes, in the County of Warwickshire,
Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MILL USED FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND REDUCING
BONES, AND OTHER MINERAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to grind, crush, and reduce bones, oil or
linseed cake, rock salt, and other animal, mineral, and vegetable substances
with greater facility than by ordinary means. My Invention consists in having
two iron cylinders made to work one within the other, and mounted upon a
strong frame. The inner cylinder is made parallel, and has one or more rows
of steel studs or teeth let into its outer surface, and made to run spirally
round the whole length of the cylinder. The outer cylinder is made conical,
and has one or more rows of steel studs or teeth let into its inner surface, and
fixed in a straight line from end to end. The outer cylinder is fixed to a
frame or stand, and the inner cylinder is made to revolve therein by means of
wheel fixed or keyed upon its axis, and acted upon by a pinion wheel
cog

page_text: attached to the end of a shaft, the other end of the said shaft having a cog
wheel worked by a pinion wheel fixed to the axle of a fly wheel. The studs
or teeth of one cylinder are made to pass through or between the studs or
teeth of the other cylinder, so that any bones or substances coming between
them must be crushed or reduced by the process, the spiral rows of studs or
teeth on the inner cylinder forming a propelling screw. A hopper, by which
the mill is supplied, is fixed at one end on the top of the outer cylinder, and
slots or holes are made underneath the said outer cylinder to allow of the
discharge of the contents after they have been crushed or reduced to the
size required. The mill is worked by horse or steam power by means of a
drum attached to the outer axis of the fly wheel, and made to receive a band
or strap connected with the engine to give it motion; but when the mill is
worked by hand, a handle is attached to the fly wheel, or the mill may be
worked by any other ordinary means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Gillett in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 14th
October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GILLETT, of Upper Brailes, in the County of Warwickshire, Agricultural
Implement Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Gillett, Her special licence that I, the said
John Gillett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Gillett, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MILL USED FOR GRINDING, CRUSHING, AND REDUCING BONES, AND
OTHER MINERAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Gillett, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Gillett, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my Invention is to grind, crush, and reduce bones, oil and
linseed cake, rock salt, and other animal, mineral, and vegetable substances
with greater facility than by ordinary means.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I have hereunto
annexed a Sheet of Drawings with figures and letters of reference, the same
letters indicating corresponding parts throughout the several Figures. The
following is a description of the several Figures and their method of con-
struction :-
Fig. 1 represents the front elevation of the improved mill, consisting of
outer cylinder made in two or more parts. A, A', ribs or flanges a to
strengthen cylinder'; slots b, for discharging the bones or other materials
when crushed; .frame or stand C; ledges c, c', to carry bearing blocks d, d¹;
shaft D, on which fly wheel G revolves; pinion wheels E, E¹, taking into and
revolving cog wheels F, F'; drum H, to receive band or strap from an engine
to give the motive power; ends of shafts e, e', to carry inner cylinder; hopper I,
to supply space between cylinders A & B with the materials to be crushed or
reduced. Fig. 2, plan over top of the mill, upper part of the outer cylinder A.
Ribs a frame or stand C; ledges c to carry blocks d; pinion wheels E, E',
to revolve cog wheels F, F¹; fly wheel G; drum H; hopper I; long crushing
teeth inside hopper; inner cylinder B; crushing teeth f; second shaft K;
end of shaft e to carry inner cylinder. Fig. 3, longitudinal section of the
crushing mill, showing upper part of outer cylinder A; lower part of outer
cylinder A¹; ribs or flanges a, a'; slots b; inner cylinder B; crushing teeth
ff; shaft e to inner cylinder; frame or stand C; ledges c, c', to carry
blocks d, d'; shaft D, to fly wheel G; drum F; pinion E; cog wheels F, F';
hopper I; long crushing teeth i in hopper. Fig. 4, sectional plan, showing
lower half of outer cylinder A¹; flanges a; inner cylinder B; slots b; frame
or stand C; ledges c¹ to carry lower blocks d¹; teeth f, f'. Fig.5; transverse
section of the mill, showing outside cylinder A, A1; ribs or flanges a, a¹;
inner cylinder B; teeth f¹; frame or stand C; blocks d; hopper I; long
teeth i; shaft D to fly wheel G; back shaft K; shaft e to inner cylinder.
Fig. 6, end view of mill, showing cog wheel F to work inner cylinder;

page_text: pinion E; frame or stand C. Fig. 7, end view of mill, showing fly wheel G;
frame or stand C; cog wheel F; end of cylinder shaft e; ledge c¹ to carry
bearing block d¹.
My said Invention consists in having two iron cylinders A and B made to
work one within the other, and mounted upon a strong frame C. The inner
cylinder B is made parallel, and has one or more rows of steel studs or teeth f¹
let into its outer surface, and made to run spirally round the whole length of
the cylinder. The outer cylinder A is made conical, and has one or more
rows of steel studs or teeth f let into its inner surface, and fixed in a straight
line from end to end. The several teeth of the two cylinders are made to
diminish in height gradually from one end of the row to the other, to suit the
conical space between. the two cylinders. The outer cylinder A is made in
balves or quarters, longitudinally divided, and put together by flanges and nut
and screw bolts, and secured to the frame C. The inner cylinder B is made
to revolve in the outer cylinder by means of a cog wheel F fixed or keyed
upon the axle e, and acted upon by the pinion wheel E fixed to the shaft or
axle D of the fly-wheel G. When the inner cylinder is made to revolve, the
studs or teeth f¹ revolve with it, and are made to pass through the long teeth i
in the hopper, and through the studs or teeth f in the outer cylinder, so that
any bones or other substances coming between them would be crushed or
reduced by the process. The bones or other materials are supplied to the
mill by the hopper I, and are thereby introduced into the space between the
inner and the outer cylinders, and slots 6 are made through the outer cylinder
to allow of the discharge of the bones or other contents after they have been
crushed or reduced to the size required, or they may be discharged through a
hole at the end of the cylinder. The mill is worked by horse or steam power,
by means of the drum H attached to the end of the axle of the fly wheel G,
and made to receive a band or strap connected with the engine to give it
motion; but when the mill is worked by hand, a handle is attached to the fly
wheel and the drum is omitted, or the mill may be worked by any other
known or ordinary means.
The general action of the mill is as follows:-The fly wheel G being set in
motion revolves the pinion E', which takes into and rotates the cog wheel F¹
and shaft K, and gives motion to the pinion E, the pinion E takes into and
turns the cog wheel F, and sets in motion and rotates the cylinder B, the
outer cylinder A being stationary. The bones or other substances required to
be crushed or reduced are previously broken into suitable sizes, and introduced
by means of the hopper I into the space between the two cylinders, when the
spiral action of the teeth fixed in the inner cylinder force the contents between

page_text: the teeth fixed in the hopper and those fixed in the outer cylinder, and crush
or reduce the contents to the sizes that will allow them to pass through the
slots or holes made in the outer cylinder.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I make
no claim to the several parts above described and referred to when taken
seperately; but what I claim is,-
First, the general arrangement and combination of parts forming the two
cylinders with studds or teeth, as herein set forth and described.
Second, the general arrangement and combination of parts forming the
improved mill, as herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Gillett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
THO. BROOKS,
16, Tokenhouse Yard, London.
JOHN GILLETT. (L.S.)