IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OD ADDADAMING BAD MANNAUDING PARTS OR BROOMS AND REIS " OD ADDADAMITO BAD MANTRACING DADTO ор ROOMS AND RensureURING
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph William Wilson, of Banbury, in the County
of Oxford, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OD ADDADAMING BAD MANNAUDING PARTS OR BROOMS AND REIS
"
OD ADDADAMITO BAD MANTRACING DADTO
ор
ROOMS AND Rensure
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph William Wilson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th September 1856.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM WILSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford;
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS OF BROOMS AND BRUSHES,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for making parts of brooms and brushes
relates, first, to a particular arrangement of the smoothing tool for the finishing
cut in forming the long handles of brooms or other round. parts, which are
produced by forcing a piece of wood of an irregular figure through a hole in a
rotating cutter head, having suitable instruments attached, which reduce and
complete the article, and whereby a smooth surface is produced.
The second part relates to apparatus for forming the rounded ends of broom
handles, and other spherically formed parts of such articles. It consists of an
arm in the form of a quadrant or segment of a circle, which is mounted by one
end on a hollow rotating axis. This axis carries another axis concentric

page_text: therewith, on one end of which a small pinion is placed, received into a recess
in the quadrant arm; this pinion gears into a quadrant slide fitted in
the arm before mentioned. Motion imparted to this pinion by its axis
causes the quadrant slide to move towards or from the axis. This slide
carries the cutting tool, which is carried round rapidly by the rotatory motion
of the main axis, the pinion and inner axis rotating with it. To the
opposite end of the pinion axis a friction disc or drum is fixed, which drum
is restrained in a given position with respect to the main axis by springs
connected with the driving rigger or other part of the principal shaft.
When friction is applied to the periphery of this drum while rotating with the
apparatus, the friction will cause its motion to be retarded, and increase the
tension on the springs. This retarding produces a difference of motion
between the pinion and the quadrant arm, which difference of motion causes
the quadrant slide to be traversed, & to bring the cutting tool towards the
centre of motion in a circular direction; in its advance it cuts the end of
the handle of a hemispherical form. The tool can be thus advanced with
greater or less force according to the friction applied. Immediately the
friction ceases, the parts acted on return to their original position by the force
of the springs. A centre pin supports the end of the wood handle or other
piece of wood in a position to be operated on.
The third part relates to an apparatus for chamferring or bevilling the
edges of broom heads, which consists of a D-shaped groove or traverse in a
suitable plate or bed. A chuck or traversing head (to which the broom head
is fixed) is fitted on this plate, having two pins which enter the traverse.
These pins are at a distance apart equal to the distance of the centres from
which the semicircular ends of the broom head are described, while the straight
part of the traverse is in length equal to double that distance. Teeth are
formed all round this chuck or fixing head, into which teeth a pinion gears;
motion imparted to this pinion causes the chuck to be traversed along the
straight part of the groove, during which time the straight part of the chamfer
is being cut. After traversing the straight part of the groove, the continued
motion causes one end to sweep round the curved part of the groove while
the other is being chamferred or bevilled; the motion is continued until the
bevilling is performed all the way round. A rotatory cutter in a stationary
position cuts the bevil during the traversing motion of the broom head. This
apparatus is also applicablo for drilling the holes round the bevilled edge, by
simply moving and stopping the broom head at intervals, and while stationary
bringing down the drilling instrument to form the hole..
The fourth and last part refers to apparatus for making paint brush handles,

page_text: or painters' pins, as they are usually termed. I first form these pins of a six,
eight, or other sided figure, for which purpose I mount the piece of wood to
be so formed in a chuck or clip fixed on a travelling table. The piece of wood
is held at one end by and concentric with the joint of an arm, which
joint maintains a fixed and uniform position with respect to the moving
table; the other end of the wood is supported by a spindle sustained in a
bracket raised from the other end of the arm, before mentioned. This end of
the arm is free to be raised or lowered from the table, so as to incline the
wood more or less to the plane of the table's motion, which position is adjusted
according to size of the handles required, which in all cases are tapered nearly
to a point. The spindle before mentioned is furnished with a dividing plate to
adjust the different positions of the wood to be operated on.
The irregular
figure of wood is reduced by a rotating plane or cutter while the supporting
table is traversed underneath it.
centre.
The second apparatus for this purpose consists of a horizontal plate or disc,
having by preference four cutters adjusted to it to slide towards and from its
The eight-sided piece of wood to be rounded is placed with the small
end in the centre of this plate, and in a vertical position, with the point resting
in a centre piece, which is free to rise and fall. The upper end of the
piece of wood is sustained by a chuck on a rotating spindle, by which rapid
motion is imparted to the wood. The cutting tool slides are controlled in
their position, and caused to advance or recede by levers, the free ends of
which pass over a pattern form of the painters' pin desired to be produced;
while rotating, the wood passes through the centre of the cutter disc, the
cutters being regulated so as to recede gradually from the centre, as described,
to cut and reduce the wood to the shape required. In order that the parts of
the apparatus may slide back to position after cutting one pin without moving
the cutters, longitudinal grooves parallel to each other are made in the
pattern form of the pin, which receive the tail ends of the levers when they
are at the small end of pattern, by partially turning the cutter disc or pattern
form so that such levers and grooves coincide.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph William Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
WILLIAM WILSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, Engineer, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph William Wilson, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
William Wilson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Joseph William Wilson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PARTS OF
BR002S AND BRUSHES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph William Wilson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph William Wilson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the four Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed, & to the letters of reference marked thercon (that is to say):-
My improvements in apparatus for making parts of brooms and brushes
relate, first, to a particular arrangement & form of the smoothing tool for the
finishing cut in forming the long handles of brooms or other round parts,
which are produced by forcing a piece of wood of an irregular figure through a
hole in a rotating cutter head, having suitable instruments attached, which
reduce and complete the article, and whereby a smooth surface is produced.
The second part relates to apparatus for forming the rounded ends of broom
handles and other spherically formed parts of such articles. It consists of an
arm in the form of a quadrant or segment of a circle, which is mounted by
one end in a hollow rotating axis. This axis carries another axis concentric
therewith, on one end of which a small pinion is placed, received into a recess
of the quadrant arm; this pinion gears into a quadrant slide fitted in the
arm b, before mentioned. Motion imparted to this pinion by its axis causes
the quadrant slide to move towards or from the axis. This slide carries the
cutting tool, which is carried round rapidly by the rotatory motion of its axis,

page_text: the pinion and inner axis rotating with it. To the opposite end of the pinion
axis a friction disc or drum is fixed, which drum is restrained in a given posi-
tion with respect to the main axis by springs connected with the driving rigger
or other part of the principal shaft. When friction is applied to the periphery
of this drum while rotating with the apparatus, the friction will cause its:
motion to be retarded, and increase the tension on the springs. This retarding
produces a difference of motion between the pinion and the quadrant arm,
which difference of motion causes the quadrant slide to be traversed and to
bring the cutting tool towards the centre of motion in a circular direction;
in its advance it cuts the end of handle of a hemispherical form. The tool
can be thus advanced with greater or less force according to the friction
applied. Immediately the friction ceases the parts acted on return to their.
original position by the force of the springs. A centre pin supports the end of
the wood handle or other piece of wood in a position to be operated on.
The third part relates to an apparatus for chamfering or bevilling the edges
of broom heads, which consists of a D-shaped groove or traverse in a suitable.
plate or bed. A chuck or traversing head (to which the broom head is fixed)
is fitted on this plate, having two pins which enter the traverse; these pins are
at a distance apart equal to the distance of the centre from which the semi-
circular ends of the broom head are described, and the straight part of the
traverse in length is equal to double that distance. Teeth are formed all round
this chuck or fixing head, into which teeth a pinion gears; motion imparted.
to this pinion causes the chuck to be traversed along the straight part of the.
groove, during which time the straight part of the chamfer is being cut.
After traversing the straight part of the groove, the continued motion causes
one end to sweep round the curved part of the groove while the other is being
chamfered or bevilled; the motion is continued until the bevilling is performed
all the way round. A rotatory cutter in a stationary position cuts the bevil
during the traversing motion of the broom head. This apparatus is also
applicable for drilling the holes round the bevilled edge, by simply moving and
stopping the broom head at intervals, and while stationary bringing down the
drilling instrument to form the hole.
The fourth and last part refers to apparatus for making paint brush handles,
or painters" pins, as they are usually termed. I first form these pins of a six,
eight, or other sided figure, for which purpose I mount the piece of wood to
be so formed in a chuck or clip fixed on a travelling bed or table; the piece of
wood is held at one end by a small bracket concentric with the joint of an
arm, which joint maintains a fixed and uniform position with respect to the
moving table. The other end of the wood is supported by a spindle sustained

page_text: in a bracket raised from the other end of the moving table, before mentioned.
This end of the table is free to be raised or lowered from the bed, so as to :
incline the wood more or less to the plane of the table's motion, which position:
is.adjusted according to size of the handles required; which in all cases are
tapered nearly to a point. The spindle before mentioned is furnished with a
dividing plate to adjust the different positions of the wood to be operated on. :
The irregular figure of wood is reduced by a rotating, plane or cutter, while
the supporting table is traversed underneath it.
The second apparátus for this purpose consists of horizontal plate or disc,
having by preference four cutters adjusted to it to slide towards and from its
centre. The eight-sided piece of wood to be rounded is placed with the small,
end in the centre of this plate, and in a vertical position, with the point resting:
in a centre piece. The upper end of the piece of wood is sustained by a
chuck on a rotating spindle, by which rapid motion is imparted to the wood.
The cutting tool slides are controlled in their position, and caused to advance
or recede by levers, the free ends of which pass over a pattern form of the;
painters' pin desired to be produced; while rotating, the wood passes through
the centre of the cutter disc, the cutters being regulated so as to recede from
or advance towards the centre gradually, as described, to cut and reduce the:
wood 'to the shape required. In order that the parts of the apparatus 'may,
slide back to position after cutting one pin without moving the cutters; longi-
tudinal grooves parallel to each other are made in the pattern form of the pin.:
which receive the tail ends of the levers when they are at the large end of:
pattern, by partially turning the cutter disc or pattern form so that such levers
and grooves coincide.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
FIRST, DESCRIPTION OF SHEET 1.-THE ROUNDING MACHINE.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, represents a sido elevation of an apparatus for rounding the
handles and other parts of brooms and brushes; while Fig. 2 represents a
face view, and Fig. 3 a side view, of the cutter plate, on an enlarged scale.
A, A, is the mandril head, in which the hollow mandril B, B; rotates, being.
fitted in suitable bearings a, a. The mandril B is furnished with: fast and
loose pullies b, b, by which it is driven rapidly by means of a strap in the
usual manner. The cutter plate C," seen separately in Figs. 2. and 3, is fixed.
to the madril B, and rotates therewith; on it are fixed the cutting instruments
C, C, which reduce and round the wood. C is the die plate of 'opening to
receive the wood after it has been rounded. The opening through this die.
plate is concentric with the mandril B, and is the same size as the handle or.

page_text: other part-to be produced, which fits, therein and keeps it steady to the action
of the cutting instruments. The wood when so rounded passes through and
out, at the back end, of the mandril B. The wood to be operated on is, by
preference, in, lengths of a rectangular cross.
section, or other, regular or
irregular form; it is fed up to, the machine by means of feeding rollers or
other suitable apparatus, the front of the wood, being first reduced so, as to
enter the die C and take a bearing therein. The machinery being then, set
in motion, the cutting instruments reduce and round the wood as it is advanced
and pushed through the hollow, mandril, and it is in the instrument, used.in
cutting or smoothing the wood that constitutes the first part of my Invention.
C¹, C, as..before, mentioned, are the cutting instruments,, which consist of
what I term the gouge C, which removes the rough, and rounds and smooths
the wood sufficiently for the further operation of the smoothing tool or chisel.
These instruments are used in lieu of the ordinary instruments used in such,
operations of rounding wood, which usually consist of a gouge of. a-half-round
form, and a. chisel, such as ordinarily used in turning wood. The gouge tool
C in this instance is of a hollow cylindrical form,, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3,
and is bevilled from the outside to form the cutting edge. This hollow cylin-
drical gouge, is fitted in a bracket. d, in which it is held securely, but so that it
may be turned round therein when required: D, Fig. 3, represents. the piece
of wood being acted on, by the cutters. The gouge cutter C¹ is held down-in
its socket in the bracket d by the head of a binding screw and flange e. f is a
pin projecting through a slot in the bracket: d, by, which the gouge or cutter C
is turned round. The object in turning the gouge C, which is done occa-
sionally as required, is to bring round another part of the cutting edge (which
extends all round). as the part. in use becomes dull, thus a great saving of time
is effected, as the tool seldom requires to be removed, for, sharpening. The
finishing tool C consists of, a disc.of, steel mounted on a spindle supported on
two, fixed centres 9, 9: These, centres are screws fitted to brackets.h, h, raised
on the plate C, by which screws the position of the cutter C can be adjusted;
and also released when to be removed for sharpening. The brackets may also.
be furnished with slot openings, through which their fixing bolts pass, for the
purpose of varying their position to bring them nearer to or further from the
centre of plate C. This should also be the case with the bracket d of
the gouge C, which may be moved towards or from the centre. by screw.
The cutting tool or instrument C is a. disc bevilled on one side to produce.a
cutting edge entirely round.it. The disc is fixed by a nut i on its spindle k, in
order to remove it for the purpose of sharpening; it is adjusted, with the flat
side in contact with the wood, and so arranged with reference to the gouge C¹
3

page_text: that it takes effect on the wood immediately after the gouge, as will be seen
by the positions occupied by these two instruments, as seen in Fig. 3. When
one part of the cutting edge gets dull from work, the cutter and its spindle
are turned round a little, so as to present another part of its edge to take the
cut. This change is continued from time to time as required, until the entire
cutting edge and circumference has been presented, and the whole requires
sharpening, for which purpose it is removed as before explained.
By this
means the action of the machine can be continued for a great length of time
without removing the cutting tools for the purpose of sharpening.
The wood as it is fed in is prevented rotating by the feeding rollers; it is
also held firm by an endless chain of blocks, which receive the rounded wood
after it has passed through the mandril B. This endless chain is seen in side
view in Fig. 1, and in transverse section at Fig. 4; it consists simply of two
endless chains E passing over chain wheels F, F, supported in bearings G, G,
and receiving motion by suitable spur gear K from a screw wheel H, which
gears with an endless screw I cut on the end of the mandril B; by this means
the endless chains receive a slow rate of motion in accordance with the motion
of the mandril. The links of the chain have half-round grooves formed in the
outer part, which, where the one chain comes in contact with the other, form
a round opening of the requisite side to grip the rounded wood, which is taken
hold of after it leaves the mandril and drawn through. These chains taking
hold of the rounded wood prevents it turning round by the motion of the
cutting disc C after it has left the hold of the feed rollers.
In order that these chains may have a proper and uniform grip, guide
rollers m, m, m, are disposed so as to bear against the links of the two chains
and bring them together with sufficient pressure for the purpose; K', K', is
the bed or framework of wood or other suitable material for the purpose.
This cutting and rounding apparatus may be used for rounding the handles
and other round parts of brooms and brushes, and also the heads, which may
be first round, & afterwards divided by sawing in two parts.
DESCRIPTION OF SHEET 2.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the heading machine for forming hemispherical
ends; Fig. 2, a plan of the same; and Fig. 3, an end view of the same; while
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the mandril and quadrant arm, on an
enlarged scale; and Fig. 5, an end view of the same. p, p, is a rotating
spindle or mandril, fitted on bearings q, q, and having fast and loose drawing
pullies L, L; the quadrant arm M is fixed in this mandril p, and rotates
with it. r,, is the toothed arc, fitted to slide in a chase in the quadrant; this

page_text: are carries a socket r¹ at the extreme end, into which the cutting tools is fitted
and held by a binding screw t. The tool can be adjusted in this socket in a
position with its cutting edge nearer or further from the centre x, according
to the size of the wood to be operated on.
The dovetailed sliding piece,
which forms the tool carrier, may either be formed of one piece with the
toothed are, or may be fixed upon i as before mentioned, the toothed arc
slides circumferentially in the dovetailed groove in the quadrant, in which it
is controlled by the pinion S, seen in section in Fig. 4; and in Fig. 5, this
pinion is fixed on a hollow shaft u fitted with the mandril p in which it is free
to rotate. Within the mandril p on shaft u a friction pulley P is fixed; the
arer, r, and with it the tools, has a constant tendency to remain at its extreme
distance from the centre by reason of the tension of an india-rubber or other
suitable spring v. R is a friction strap and encircling pulley P; and T, a lever
for applying pressure thereto as required. The point of rod U forms the
centre on which the wood rests while being operated on; this rod U can be
withdrawn within the hollow mandril or projected further, so as to be nearèr
to or further from the centre x, which constitutes the centre of the hemi-
spherical end to be produced, whatever may be its diameter. The rod U is
withdrawn or projected by turning the wheel V, which screws on the back end
of that rod, while at the same time the wheel is held close up to the back end
of the spindle by clip pieces w, w, embracing its collar. W, W, is the frame-
work of wood of the machine, which will not require any description; X is an
upright from that frame, on which two bars Y, Y, are mounted on a fulcrum
formed by the bolt y; z is another bolt connecting the front end of these two
bars, on which bolt z an inclined part of the cranked hand lever Z takes effect
when it is drawn forward, thereby depressing the bars Y, Y. This depression
of the bars Y secures the wood placed underneath them, suitable dies or blocks
of wood with half-round or other suitable shapes being disposed to receive the
pieces of wood to be operated upon, and on which the downward pressure of
the bars Y, Y, takes effect.
The action of the machine is this: the wood having been adjusted and fixed
by bars Y, as described, with the centre of the end to be rounded resting on
the centre pin U, the cutting tools is adjusted to the diameter of the wood
to be headed which has been previously rounded, the spindle p is put in rapid
motion by the strap pulley L, when the tool will begin to cut from the larger
diameter towards the centre. The tool s is brought round towards the centre
by applying the friction of strap R by the lever T; this retards the motion
of pulley P and spindle u, and consequently turns that spindle within the
mandril p. This turning of spindle u also turns the pinion S, and causes the

page_text: rack to be propelled in its groove, so as to bring the cutting tool-round: towards
the centre of motion of the quadrant arm, and thus. cuts. off and rounds the
end of the wood. This motion of the toothed arc increases the tension in the
spring v, which brings the cutting tool back to its original position immediately
the pulley P is relieved from the friction of strap. R. The cutting tool is
caused to advance more or less quickly in its circular course.by. the greater.or
less frictional resistance applied to pulley P, and thereby regulating the speed
with which the cut may take effect; the quadrant arm is of course rotating
rapidly while this sliding motion of the rack and cutting tool is taking effect.
:
DESCRIPTION OF DRILLING AND CHAMFERRING. MACHINE., SHEET 3.
Fig. 1, Sheet 3, represents a front elevation of a machine for chamferring or
bevilling the edge of broom heads after they have been rounded and. headed in
the machines herein-before described, and also, for drilling the holes to receive
the hair or bristles in such chamfered edge; Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical
section of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3, a plan of the same. The wood for the broom
heads, after being, rounded in long lengths by the machine first. herein described,
is then cut in suitable lengths, and the ends headed or rounded by the machine,
represented in Sheet 2, by which the ends are rendered: hemispherical. Each
piece is then divided down the centre and forms two broom.heads, when they
are ready to submit to the action of the chamferring .and drilling operation,
A is a block or chuck with a half-round, hollow suited to receive.the.broom
head. This block A is mounted on the table B, and furnished with two pins
a, a, which are received in a slot b, b, in the table B.; this slot is of a D form,
as seen in the plan, Fig. 3, and in which the pins a, a, traverse and control the
position of A. The pins a, a, are furnished with heads to keep the block A
securely in its place. The block A is furnished with teeth all round, as seen
in the plan, Fig. 3, into which a pinion C gears. This pinion. is fixed on. an
upright shaft E, driven by bevil wheels F from, a shaft G which is actuated by
the hand wheel H.
The straight part of the D slot is in length just equal to twice the distance
of the pins a, a, from centre to centre, so that when the block A is propelled
from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the opposite end of the slot, the pin a,
which is now at the end, will take the central position occupied by the other.
The continued motion of the pinion C round the end of the block A causes.the
opposite end to sweep round the semicircular part of the slot b, b, until it
comes again in the position as at Fig. 3, when another traverse is made in the
straight part, and so on. In order to prevent the pins jambing between the
curved and straight part of the slot, a lever d, d, (seen dotted in Fig. 8) is

page_text: mounted on a fulcrum at e, and has a constant tendency by means of a spring
to force the gab f up against the pin a in the centre and thereby embrace it..
The pressure of the gab f up against the pin a clasps it and keeps it in the
central position until it is relieved, as follows: when the block A first arrives
in the position, Fig. 3, the pin head presses against the opposite end of the
lever at g, where a projection is raised from it to receive the contact. So soon.
as this takes place the straight traverse of the block A commences; the lever
is relieved in readiness to take hold of the succeeding pin; the pin to be next
received in the gab ƒ presses against the inclined part of the lever at d to force
it back, and slips into the gab f, which closes upon it and retains it in position
while the other pin makes the circuit of the curved part of the slot b, b, and
so on.
In chamferring, this traversing motion of the block A is continuous, while.
a revolving drill or cutter removes the angle and so forms the chamfer. I is
a spindle receiving the drill which is driven rapidly by band pullies K; the
spindle I has also a rising and falling motion imparted to it by means of the
hand wheel L, which encircles the lower end of the spindle and screws into
the boss of the supporting bracket M; this wheel, bearing on the spindle collar
below it, when unscrewed from the boss brings the spindle down, and carries.
it up again when turned in the reverse direction. Two set nuts h restrict the
rise and fall of the spindle I. The fast pulley K is fixed on a boss, through
which the spindle I slides up and down, but has the rotary motion of the
pulley imparted to it by a feather and groove therein. The boss carrying the.
pullies is kept in position by the point of a screw i. In chamferring, the tool
used is somewhat like a centre bit, but without the projecting points of that
instrument; it is kept down during the traverse of the block A.
In boring the holes, a drill or suitable boring bit is used; this is brought
down for each hole to be bored, while the block A remains stationary. After
drilling one hole, the hand wheel is turned until the pall h slips into another
tooth of the ratchet wheel, where it is held till the hole is drilled, when
another move is made the distance of one tooth of the ratchet wheel, which.
regulates the distance of the holes from each other, and produces them
at a uniform distance apart. N, N, is the wood framework, supporting
the bed B and several parts of the apparatus, which will not require any
description.
DESCRIPTION OF MACHINES FOR MAKING PAINTERS' PINS. SHEET 4.
The painters pins or taper handles for paint brushes are first sawn by
preference of a rectangular taper form, of the length and substance required;
The painters pins or taper handles for paint brushes are first sawn by
preference of a rectangular taper form, of the length and substance required;

page_text: they are then placed in a first machine, in which they have the angles
removed, and are rendered octagonal preparatory to being rounded.
Figure 4, Sheet 4, represents a vertical section, and Figure 5 a plan, of the
machine for forming the blanks of an octagonal form. 1, 1, 1, 1, are the wood
blanks of a square taper form. The machine consists of a bed P, P, in which
a traversing screw Q is fitted to rotate by means of power applied to the
winch handle. This screw being held stationary in the direction of its length
imparts a traversing motion to the table R, upon which the blanks are
mounted. This table is supported at each side by grooves m, m, in the cheeks
of the table, pins n, n, on either side of the table being received and traversing
in those grooves. The front end of the table carries a number of spindles S,
with chucks p, p, to hold the blanks 1, 7; these spindles are fitted to slide back
and forth in their sockets in the table, which sliding motion is effected by
eccentrics received in straps 9, 9, on the ends of spindles S. These eccentrics
are rotated by their axes r by a suitable key, as required, for fixing or releasing
the blanks . The support of the axes r, r, is carried by 2 brackets from
table R. The several sockets receiving the spindles S are free to rotate in
their bearings on the table, and are geared together by spur pinions 8, 5, 8,
and one is fitted with a dividing plate t, by which the whole number are
turned round and adjusted as required. The rotation otherwise of the spindles
S is prevented. The table R rests on the block u, u, which slides on the bed.
As it is desired to taper the blanks more or less, this block is increased or
reduced in thickness, which raises or lowers the fore end of the table more
or less. The pin v, which is fixed to the table R, in all cases gears in the
screw Q, and propels the table backwards and forwards by the rotation of
the screw Q. T is a rotary cutter, or rather a series of four cutters,
on a shaft, which has rapid ratary motion imparted to it by its strap
pullies; these cutters cut and reduce the blanks as required when passed
underneath it. The blanks 1, 1, have their small ends, which are pointed,
placed in holes in the small brackets w, and are otherwise held and fixed
by the chucks p, p, as described, with the table in position represented; rapid
motion is then given to the cutter T, and the table at the same time traversed
under it.
The angles of the blanks being presented to the cutter, the upper angles of
all the blanks are removed at the same time. The blanks are then turned
round one-fourth of a revolution, and the other angles presented, and so on,
until the whole are removed and the blanks rendered eight-sided, when they
are removed and others introduced to be operated on in the same way.
This machine is also applicable for making these articles of six-sided, or of

page_text: other number of sides, according to the arrangement of the dividing plate t,
to regulate the positions of the blanks.
The blanks need not necessarily be rectangular or tapered before being
introduced to this machine, as any irregular figure can be reduced and formed
with the number of sides required.
DESCRIPTION OF TAPER ROUNDING MACHINE. SHEET 4.
Figure 6 is a front, and Figure 7 a side, elevation of a machine for rounding
painter pins. U, U, is an upright frame, supporting at the upper part a
rotating spindle x, x, which slides within a bush y, fitted to the bearings V, V,
and on which the fast and loose pullies W are placed. The bush y is carried
round by the fast pulley, and communicates the rotary motion to spindle x
by means of a feather therein. To the lower end of spindle x the chuck a
which carries the blank l' is fixed; it is raised up and down for the purpose of
fixing it or releasing it by a hand lever z, supported on a fulcrum at ¹, and
counterbalanced at 23. is a short arm from the fulcrum ¹, with a pin
taking into the chuck or spindle x; X, X, is a sliding bracket, it carries the
cutting tools on its horizontal face, which face is separately represented on an
enlarged scale in plan at Figure 8, and edge view in Figure 9, Sheet 3.
This bracket has a rising and falling motion, which is imparted to it by
means of a hand wheel Y, on whose shaft is a pinion Y'. The shaft of pinion
is fitted in bearings in the bracket ✗, and the pinion gears with a fixed stand
rack Y. The bracket X is counterbalanced by weights X³, suspended from
chains passing over pullies, the other ends of the chains being attached to X.
The cutting tools 1, 1, 1, are fitted in slides 2, 2, on the horizontal face O.
There may be two, four, or other number of these slides and tools; I prefer
four of these tools and slides, but sometimes only use two of them at a time.
These slides are fitted to slide the tool towards or from the centre of the face.
From the under
within it a solid
O, and in which they are controlled by four levers 3, 3, 3.
side of plate O a tube or cylinder 5 extends, which receives
stationary cone 4, which forms the pattern for the painters' pin; this is fixed
in the step 9 to the base. This cylinder and cone piece are separately shewn
in cross section at Figure 10, Sheet 4. The upper and lower parts of this
central stationary piece fills the cylinder 5, and is furnished with a cup 5° at
top to receive the lower end of the blank to be rounded, which is supported
between that and the chuck of spindle X.
The tools, which may consist of a gouge and smoothing chisel, are fitted in
the slides, and held by binding screws to admit of their proper adjustment.
The cylinder 5 has suitable lugs to carry the several fulcra of the levers

page_text: 3, 3; the upper ends of these levers pass through slots in O, and each take
into one of the tool or cutter slides, while the lower bent ends pass through
slots in the cylinder 5, and press (by reason of the tension of suitable springs
acting on the slides 2, 2,) against the conical form 4. Thus, supposing the
bracket X, and with it the plate O, cylinder 5, and levers 3, to be raised up,
with the free ends of those levers resting against the small part of the cone 4,
the cutters will be carried away from the centre of O, and in position to cut
the large part of ; rapid rotary motion is given to spindle x, and by it to the
blank; the bracket X, and with it the cutters 1, 1, are now gradually lowered,
the cutters at the same time taking a taper cut of the blank exactly in
conformity with the conical form 4, and until they arrive at the small part of
the blank, when the parts will assume the position in Figures 6 and 7;
another blank is then inserted, and the bracket X again raised for another cut.
Before raising the bracket, however, the cutters are allowed to recede from
the centre of ; to effect this, the cone form 4 is turned partially round by a
hand lever 6. This motion allows the lower ends of lever 3, 8, to slip into
grooves cut in 4 in the direction of its length to take the dotted position
seen in Figure 6, and in which position they slide to the top of the cone. The
lever 6 is again moved to bring the cone back to its original position, when
the operation goes on as before, the free ends of the levers sliding down the
cone and regulating the position of the cutting tools, and the cut taken by
them, as before. 7, 7, are turning pullies, over which the driving band is
conducted on to the pullies W.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which it
is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as my Invention, to be secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the form and arrangement herein-before described of the smoothing
tool used in the machine described in Sheet I, for the manufacture of parts of
brooms and brushes.
Secondly, claim the arrangement and construction of parts constituting
the machine represented in Sheet 2, for heading or making the hemispherical
ends of handles, Leads, or other parts of brooms and brushes, as described.
Thirdly, I claim the machine herein-before described, and represented in
Figures 1, 2, 3, Sheet 3, for chamferring and drilling the holes in broom or
brush heads.
Fourthly, I claim the arrangement of parts herein-before described, and
represented in Figures 4 & 5, Sheet 4, constituting the machine for cutting
painters' pins or brush handles of taper forms, having six, eight, or other
number of sides..

page_text: Fifthly, I claim the machinery or apparatus represented in Figures 6, 7,
and 10, Sheet 4, and in Figures 8 and 9, Sheet 3, for tapering and rounding
painters' pins or parts of brooms or brushes, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph William Wilson, havo hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the; year
of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
W. CLARK, Patent Agent,
58, Chancery Lane, London.
J. W. WILSON. (L.S.)