IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES, AND IN THE METHOD, OF KEYING OR FASTENING. TOGETHER SOME OF SUCH TILES WHEN BEING FORMED INTO A ROOF, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED IN: THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH TILES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Maxwell Jackson, of Kingston-upon--
Hull; Gentleman, and Robert Garsides, of the same Place, Brick.
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES,
AND IN THE METHOD, OF KEYING OR FASTENING. TOGETHER SOME OF SUCH
TILES WHEN BEING FORMED INTO A ROOF, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED IN:
THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH TILES."
Scaled the 29th January 1869, and dated the 27th August 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION: left by the said William Maxwell
Jackson and Robert Garsides, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th August 1868.
We, WILLIAM MAXWELL JACKSON, of Kingston-upon-Hull, Gentle-
man, and ROBERT GARSIDES, of the same Place, Brick Manufacturer,..
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROOFING TILES, AND IN THE METHOD OF KEYING OR FASTENING TOGETHER
SOME OF SUCH TILES WHEN BEING FORMED INTO A ROOP, AND IN THE APPARATUS
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH TILES," to be as follows:-
First. We manufacture a flat oblong tile with raised edges or sides
grooved, and broader at the extremity than at the base. In forming

page_text: a roof these tiles may be laid alternately erect and inverted, and so
that the broad part of the side of each erect tile fits into the narrow
part of the side of each inverted tile, and vice versa, whereby the tiles
are locked or keyed together. At one end of each tile a piece is cut
away from the raised sides and a corresponding piece from the under- 5
side of the same tile at the opposite extremities to allow the tiles in
their courses to fit well together and to prevent any tile slipping from
its place. These tiles are manufactured with holes to enable them to
be nailed or fastened to the joists; the erect tiles have also a knob or
button on the under side to effect the same object. Fig. 1 is a plan 1
of such erect tile. a, the knob; b, b, the holes; c, c, the notch or place
where the raised side is cut away. Fig. 2 is an end view of the
same; and Fig. 3 is a section shewing the tiles as laid; together with
the laths to which they are fastened.
Secondly. We manufacture a new style of roofing by laying the 1
knobed tiles erect and close together, and keying them tight by means
of short half pipes of brick contracted at the opening to fit into the
grooved sides of the tiles. These pipes may be made of varied forms,
and are cut at one end to allow of the superincumbent pipes fitting
well on to them. Fig. 4 is a section shewing the tiles as laid together 2
and keyed or fastened with pipes of varied shapes; Fig. 5 is a plan of
one of these pipes shewing the notches at one end; and Fig. 6 a
section of tiles and pipes in roof.
Thirdly. We manufacture the above tile and pipe joined in one,
the pipe part extending so far only as the tile is intended to be exposed:
and not overlapt by the tile above it, and wider at the end intended to
overlap. Fig. 7 is a plan of this tile. a, the button; b, b, the pipe part;
G, c, shewing where the pipe is cut away on the one side and the raised
edge on the other; d, d, shewing where the pipe part and side are
respectively cut away. Fig. 8 is an end view of the same; Fig. 9, is a
a section shewing the tiles as laid together; and Fig. 10 a section of
such tiles in roof.
The above tiles and pipes may be made of clay, glass, asphalt,
concrete, or any other plastic material, and we also claim the dies
through which the clay is forced to give it the required shape and the a
moulds in which it is for the same purpose compressed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Maxwell Jackson and Robert Garsides
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd February 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
MAXWELL JACKSON, of Kingston-upon-Hull, Gentleman, and ROBERT
GARSIDES, of the same Place, Brick Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Maxwell Jackson and Robert
Garsides, Her special licence that we, the said William Maxwell
Jackson and Robert Garsides, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Maxwell Jacksou
and Robert Garsides, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES, AND IN THE METHOD OF
KEYING OR FASTENING TOGETHER SOME OF SUCH TILES WHEN BEING FORMED
INTO A ROOF, AND IN THE APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUCH
TILES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Maxwell Jackson and Robert Garsides, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed;
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Maxwell Jackson and
Robert Garsides, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our Invention consists in forming tiles for roofs of such a sectional
shape that their edges may overlap in the manner herein-after described,

page_text: so as to form strong water-tight roofs. We are aware that tiles having
flanges so as to be of an ordinary trough shape in section have been
used before and since filing our Provisional Specification. We have
ascertained that the shapes therein firstly and secondly referred to 'do
not possess that utility and novelty which would justify us in claiming
them. We therefore desire to confine the Invention claimed by us to
the manufacture of our improved tile, made as hercin-after more fully
described, of such a sectional shape that one of its edges may overlap
that of the tile on one side of it, while the other edge may be overlapped
by that of the tile on the other side of it.
The shape of our improved tile is shewn in the accompanying
Drawings, where Figure A. is a plan of the tile. a is a projection or
button which keeps the tile fixed in the required position (though the
tile may be made with holes to enable it to be fastened by nails to the
roof instead of a button); b, b, is the overlapping edge; c, c, the raised
upright edge d, d; d, d, are parts where the overlap is cut away on the
'one side, and where the upright raised edge is cut away on the other
side, so as to enable the tiles in their courses to fit well together, and to
assist in preventing any tile slipping away from its place.
65
Figure B is an end view of the same tile.
Figure C is a section shewing the tiles as laid together.
Figure D is a section shewing the tiles when fixed on the roof.
In making our improved tile we employ a die of a shape corresponding
to that of the tile shewn in section in Figure B, and we force the clay
or other plastic material that may be used in making the tile by means
of "any suitable machine through the die, which is fixed in a suitable
"die box. The clay or other plastic material is then cut into proper
lengths, and a portion of the pipe part (b) cut away, and after drying
a short time it is placed in a mould and compressed by a press of
any convenient ordinary construction. Instead of using clay for the
"manufacture of our improved tile, glass, concrete, cements, asphalte,
" and other similar substances may be used, in which case the material
"is simply cast or shaped in moulds of the shape of the tile."
"
66
Having now described our Invention we would have it understood
that we do not claim the use of the above-mentioned die or moulds
generally or otherwise than in the manufacture of our improved tile, but

page_text: what we claim is, the improved form of tile made as herein described and
shewn in the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Maxwell Jackson, and
Robert Garsides, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
W. MAXWELL JACKSON. (L.S.)
ROBERT
GARSIDES.
(L.S.)