IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Score, of 9, Osborne Terrace, Clapham
Road, in the County of Surrey, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP."
Sealed the 12th May 1859, and dated the 3rd March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Score at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd.
March 1859.
I, WILLIAM SCORE, of 9, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road, in the County of
Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of soap.
In the manufacture of soap, according to this Invention, the fatty and oily
matters obtained from wash waters by various chemical processes are
employed. These fatty and oily matters contain so large a proportion of
impurity, and usually are so much contaminated with acid as to be unsuited
for the manufacture of soap without previous preparation. In order to render
them suitable for use in this manufacture, they are washed repeatedly with
weak alkaline solutions or spent leys; the process being conducted by pre--
ference in a pan or vessel heated by fire or steam. This treatment removes
many of the impurities of the fatty and oily matters, and neutralizes any acid
which the matters may contain, the fatty and oily matters at the same timė
become partially saponified, and they are then suitable 'to be converted into

page_text: soap by the addition of strong leys, and the process ordinarily adopted by soap
makers being followed. Soap may either be made entirely from fatty and oily
matters obtained from wash waters, or, partly from such matters, and partly
from other fatty and oily matters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Score in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SCORE, of 9, Osborne Terrace, Clapham Road, in the County of Surrey,
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Score, Her, special licence that I, the said William
Score, my executors, administrators, and assigns; or such others as I, the
said William Score, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," upon the condition (amongst
others), that I, the said William Score, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar.
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Score, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be.
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of soap.
In the manufacture of soap according to this Invention, the fatty and oily
matters obtained from wash, waters by various chemical processes are
employed. These fatty and oily, inatters contain so large, a proportion of

page_text: impurity, and usually are so much contaminated with acid as to be unsuited
for the manufacture of soap without previous preparation. In order to render
them suitable for use in this manufacture, they are melted by blowing free
steam into them, and are then washed repeatedly with weak alkaline solutions
or spent leys; the process being conducted, by preference; in a pan or vessel
heated by fire or steam. For this purpose, the alkaline solution or spent ley is
added to the fatty and oily matters, and well stirred, and the whole is boiled
together; or free steam is blown through the mixture. When the solution or ley
ceases to be alkaline, and becomes even slightly acid to the taste, it is run off,
and fresh ley or solution is added and the process repeated, and so on till the
solution or ley remains alkaline; after the treatment has been continued for an
hour or more the operation is then completo. I prefer when using an alkaline
ley to prepare the same by dissolving 1 lb. of soda ash in 10 gallons of water,
or for soft soap perlash is substituted for soda ash. This treatment removes
many of the impurities of the fatty and oily matters, and neutralizes any acid
which the matters may contain, the fatty and oily matters at the same time
become partially saponified, and they are then suitable to be converted into
soap by the addition of strong leys, the process ordinarily adopted by soap
makers being followed. Soap may either be made entirely from fatty and oily
matters obtained from wash waters, or partly from such matters, and partly
from other fatty and oily matters.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Score, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
WILLIAM SCORE. (L.S.)