Process for the Production of a Permanent Preparation containing the White Corpuscles of the Blood Serum of Swine Immunised against Swine Fever.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 20th June, 1898-Accepted, 17th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process for the Production of a Permanent Preparation containing
the White Corpuscles of the Blood Serum of Swine Immunised
against Swine Fever.
I, DR. GUSTAV LORENZ, of Darmstadt, in the Empire of Germany, Consulting
Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
By a special treatment swine can be rendered immune against swine fever
in the following manner:-
Immune swine have in the serum of their blood matters which when inoculated
in other swine are capable of causing the same to possess a passive immunity
as well as to effect a cure in cases in which the swine are already infected with
swine fever.
As the pure blood serum, or even that mixed with small quantities of dis-
infecting substances can hardly be widely applied in veterinary practice because
it is too liable to decomposition, whilst on the other hand it would render it too
expensive to supply it in sterilized vessels, and already divided into doses in
the manner in which diphtheritic serum antidote is prepared, I have directed
my attention to the attaining of a process for producing a preparation which
shall possess the property of permanence, and shall moreover have the advantage
that it can always be brought to a particular percentage of active material which,
in view of its multiple applications, is of no small advantage.
The process discovered by me after considerable research, and which provides
the advantages above referred to, is essentially as follows:
From the fresh blood freed from its clot in the usual mechanical manner, and
containing the white blood corpuscles, the serum is obtained by immediate centri-
fugal separation. This serum is then purified from certain components which
prevent the obtaining of the preparation in question. This purification is
effected by adding first a small quantity of concentrated solution of chloride of
calcium i.c. 2 to 4% of chloride of calcium siccum parum calculated on the water
contents of the crude serum and dissolved in 12 times its quantity of water, and
then by the dissolving in the mixture of a quantity of sulphate of ammonia
so proportioned that a certain amount of slimy substances, of fatty compounds,
and albuminous substances are separated, but no white corpuscles. The amount
of ammonia thus added is about 10% of the water contents of the serum + the
water contents of the solution of chloride of calcium, also an amount equivalent
to the weight of the chloride of calcium added i.c. 147 parts by weight of chloride
of calcium=132 parts by weight of sulphate of ammonia. After these bodies
have been removed from the solution by filtering or simply by allowing them
to cohere, the precipitation of the white corpuscles is effected from the same
liquid. This body will be precipitated upon the addition of a further definite
quantity of sulphate of ammonia (say 16% calculated on the total water con-
tents) in combination with a series of albuminous bodies, and can be obtained by

page_text: filtering through paper or other suitable filtering apparatus as a precipitate,
and can be purified by washing or re-solution in water and repeated precipita-
tion with sulphate of ammonia. After the substance thus obtained which forms
a whitish somewhat gray green residue has been dried upon earthen plates it is
dissolved in a fluid compounded as follows;-
In 1200 parts of water 90 parts of salicylate of soda are dissolved and 900
parts of glycerine added to the solution. This fluid is kept for use and poured
separately over the dry residue, after which there is added distilled water, 5%
solution of carbonate of soda and 5% solution of carbolic acid in equal parts,
and in such quantity that the whole compound will contain about 0'5% of carbolic
acid and of carbonate of soda respectively. After the soluble parts are all dis-
solved, the still cloudy fluid is separated from the specifically heavier insoluble
compounds in a centrifugal apparatus, which has not the usual opening which
is provided for the removal of the specifically heavier parts, so that the said
insoluble parts are deposited around the rim of the centrifugal drum as a kind
of slime. The other insoluble substances consisting of specifically lighter parts
rising gradually to the top and forming here a white scum, whilst the fluid
after a shorter or longer standing appears as a more or less clear solution which
can be slowly let off by suitable devices below the layers which cause the cloudi-
ness. After the solution has been tested for its content of white corpuscles by
experiments on living animals the said solution can be made normal by the
further addition of any of the above mentioned fluids in the event that there is
any deficiency in any of these in the original mixing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A method for preparing a permanent preparation containing in determined
proportions the white corpuscles of the blood of swine immune against swine
fever, characterized by the purification of the serum with concentrated solution
of chloride of calcium, and after standing a short time the fractional precipita-
tion thereof with sulphate of ammonia in such a manner that in the first
precipitate only the substances which interfere with the subsequent solution of
the residues containing the white corpuscles can be included, whilst the white
corpuscles are precipitated first by the further addition of sulphate of ammonia
substantially as described.
2. The solution of the precipitate obtained according to Claim 1 containing
the white corpuscles and dried upon plates or the like in a solvent fluid com-
posed essentially of water, glycerine, salicylate of soda, carbonate of soda, and
carbolic acid compounded in definite proportions, substantially as described.
Dated this 18th day of June 1898
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.