matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A NOVEL EFFECT OR APPEARANCE IN GLASS AND GLASS ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Frederick Wittmann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1878.
HERBERT FREDERICK WITTMANN, of No. 42, Great Marlborough Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Glass Merchant. "A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A NOVEL
EFFECT OR APPEARANCE IN GLASS AND GLASS ARTICLES."
My Invention consists in producing an effect in glass similar to that produced
by the Chinese on china, and called "craquelé," which effect has hitherto never been
produced in glass.
In carrying my Invention into effect I proceed as follows:-The glass having
been fashioned by the glass blower by any known means, and the form of the article
perfected, I dip the said article in a liquid (preferably water), by which means the
"craquelé" effect is produced, the glass when withdrawn from the water having
the appearance of being covered with cracks whilo it still retains its integrity.
I am aware that "ice glass" or "frosted glass" has been made by dipping in
water the glass or article to be ornamented; my Invention however differs from
this process in that I dip the article after its form is perfected, by which time the
temperature of the glass has fallen sufficiently to allow of the "craquelé "effect being
produced, whereas in producing the aforesaid "ice" or "frosted" effect the glass is
dipped repeatedly during the formation of the article and while the glass is in a
malleable state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER WINDOW BREAKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wolstencroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st May 1878.
THOMAS WOLSTENCROFT, of Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, Merchant.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AND OTHER WINDOW BREAKS."
This Invention has for its object to do away with springs, weights, studs, bolts,
or other similar appliances that are usually employed for the purpose of retaining a
sash window of any kind at any desired height so that the opening of the window
for ventilation or other purposes may be regulated to the greatest nicety, and the
window retained in any required position without any further trouble than inerely
opening the window. This end is attained in the case of carriage windows by
causing the strap (that is usually employed for raising the window) to pass over a
smooth surface and under a weighted cam that is pivotted eccentrically immedi-
ately above the aforesaid smooth surface. The weighted cam is limited in its
movement both ways and prevented from moving too far in either direction by
means of studs fixed in the frame which supports the cam, which studs take into
radial slots formed in the side of the cam itself.
When the strap is pulled for the purpose of raising the window the cam will give
way and allow the strap freely to pass, but so soon as the strap is released the
weight of the window will naturally cause it to descend, but the action of the cam
here comes into play, and by being forced back by the descending action of the strap
will hold the strap firmly in between two jaws and so prevent the descent of the
window.
In order to release the strap and allow the window to descend a thumb-piece is
placed on the upper side of the cam, to which when pressed will release the strap
and allow the window to descend as long as the cam is held back by the pressure
of the hand against the thumb-piece.

page_text: For windows in which neither straps, weights, nor other similar appliances are
employed the cam may be inserted either into the sash of the window or may be
let into the framing. When the window is pushed up the cam will allow the
window freely to pass, but so soon as the window commences to descend the cam is
caused partially to rotate and so firmly wedge the window and prevent its descent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ACCORDIONS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF A SIMILAR NATURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrock
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1878. A
communication from Robert Mühlmann, of Klingenthal, Saxony, in the German
Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W.
von Nawrocki, of No. 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ACCORDIONS AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF A SIMILAR
NATURE." [A communication from Robert Mühlmann, of Klingenthal, Saxony, in
the German Empire.]
According to the present Invention instead of arranging the key board of
accordions and musical instruments of like kind outside the cover plate as hereto-
fore, it is arranged within the sound chamber of the instruments, being contained
in a box or enclosure attached directly to the sounding board, which carries the
reed plate and reeds.
The buttons of the keys project through holes in the side of the sound chamber,
and the valves are attached by means of rods to levers pivotted to the enclosure of
the key board. These levers are pressed by springs, by preference of helical form,
against the key levers, so that by depressing the latter the valves are opened, the
spring keeping the valves closed, when not acted upon by the keys. The cover
plate to the sound chamber has openings covered with fabric to allow of the passage
of sound.
By the above described arrangement the instrument becomes more compact, has
a better appearance, and is of more simple manufacture, and the mechanism being
entirely closed it is more protected from atmospheric influences and from other
injury.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND LIKE ARTICLES, WHEREBY THEY ARE MADE BUOYANT, AND AVAILABLE FOR SAVING LIFE ON SEA OR RIVER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace Davenport at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1878.
HORACE DAVENPORT, of 26, Keppel Street, Russell Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND LIKE ARTICLES,
WHEREBY THEY ARE MADE BUOYANT, AND AVAILABLE FOR SAVING LIFE ON SEA
OR RIVER."
The object of this Invention is to construct umbrellas and like articles with a
double skin, one being used as a cover, and preferably of waterproof material, and
one as a lining of waterproof material, the edges of which may terminate at about
the "middle joint," so that the lining moves with the stretchers and runner, and
lies flush or nearly so with the handle or stick when the article is folded up or
closed.
The inner skin is cemented or otherwise attached to the outer skin, and made
air-tight at the seams, air being admitted within the space between the two skins
when the article is opened out by any suitable contrivance, the article by this
means is made very buoyant, and capable of supporting a number of people in the
event of a shipwreck or boat accident.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPRoof CLOTHS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Northrop and Thomas
Illingworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June
1878.
JONATHAN NORTHROP and THOMAS ILLINGWORTH, both of Bradford, in the
County of York, Manufacturers and Merchants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPRoof
CLOTHS."
The object of our Invention is to produce a light and soft fabric that has a
lustrous appearance, and possesses great strength and elasticity, and is thoroughly
waterproof.
-We manufacture the fabric
We accomplish our object in the following manner :-
from a combination of silk and cotton in such a manner that when woven together
a great proportion of the silk is thrown on to the top of the piece, so that the
fabric when finished has a close resemblance to silk cloth, but will not crack or
split like pure silk. After the piece has been pressed we cover the under side of
the fabric with a thin sheet of india-rubber, which renders the cloth thoroughly
waterproof.
By the combination of the materials above mentioned we produce a cloth that
possesses great strength, being almost untearable, is very light, can be pressed into
little space, and is well adapted for not shewing creases or other effects of folding
or wrapping up.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING CRANK OR OTHER SHAFTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Manuell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1878.
.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THOMAS MANUELL, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING CRANK OR OTHER SHAFTS."
This Invention relates to self-acting apparatus to be employed for lubricating the
bearings of crank or other revolving shafts, and the Invention consists principally
in the employment of a screw revolving in a vertical or inclined cylinder, for the
purpose of raising the oil or other lubricating fluid from a cistern or vessel, and
forcing it up a tube connected to the cap of the bearing of the said shaft.
The cylinder is closed at the top and open at the bottom, and the lower end
thereof dips into the oil or other lubricating fluid in the vessel.
The screw fits inside the cylinder, its upper end being reduced, and passing out
through a hole in the top of the cylinder, where it has a bevil or other wheel keyed
on, by means of which the screw is caused to revolve at a suitable speed, so as to
raise the oil up between it and the cylinder.
Near the top of the screw is formed a neck, and the portion of the screw above
the neck is made with a reversed thread. A small tube leading to a hole in the
cap of the bearing of the shaft is let into the cylinder opposite to the neck of the
screw, and the result is that as the oil is raised up into the annular space formed
by this neck it is prevented from rising any higher by the upper part of the thread
of the screw being reversed in direction, and this reversed screw then forces the oil
up the small tube to the hole in the cap of the bearing, and thus lubricates the
shaft.
A dripper is placed beneath the bearing or the shaft to catch the superfluous oil,
and return it by means of a pipe to the vessel. The quantity of oil supplied may
be regulated by varying the speed of the screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Ferguson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1878.
HUGH FERGUSON, of Fulton Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO STEAM GENERATORS."
This Invention relates to steam generators provided with one or more horizontal
flues, and has for its object to so construct or fit such generators with division
plates or partitions (a) that a constant and efficient circulation of the water con-
tained therein shall take place from the top downwards close to the shell of the
generator, and from the bottom upwards through the middle thereof; and (b) that
the mud, sediment, or scum shall be collected in pockets and prevented from reaching
or resting on the flues or shell.
For the above purpose I construct or fit a single flued generator with longitudinal
division plates or partitions, which extend from about the water line downwards
close to the shell; from near the bottom of the generators the said plates or
partitions extend upwards close to the flue. Mud pockets are provided at the
lowest points of the partitions.
In a double flued generator the said plates or partitions extend upwards from the
bottom, one close to each flue, and a division plate or plates is placed between
the flues.
In a three flued generator the said plates or partitions extend upwards around
the central flue and between the two side flues.
I prefer that the plates near the shell should rise above the water line, and be
perforated below the water line. I also prefer that there should be a greater
distance between the shell and the plates or partitions at the top than at the
bottom. The plates or partitions may be made or constructed in one or more
pieces.
THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTABLE FLOORING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Andrews at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1878.
GEORGE ANDREWS, of 120, Sidney Street, Mile End, in the Parish of Mile End
Old Town, in the County of Middlesex. "THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTABLE
FLOORING."
The manufacture of portable flooring worked to designs, in large or small slabs
and in any thickness which may be required.
The flooring will be formed by means of small blocks of wood, bedded endways
of the grain on a bed of pitch or other glutinous substance, which will be laid on
felt to receive the same.
IM- PROVED ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE TO TRAMWAYS FOR GUIDING TRAMCARS OVER POINTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baker Colbran at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1878.
"
JOHN BAKER COLBRAN, of Holloway Road, in the County of Middlesex.
IM-
PROVED ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE TO TRAMWAYS FOR GUIDING TRAMCARS OVER
POINTS."
My Invention has for its object the guiding of tramcars when passing over
points, whereby the use of the brake when passing over said points may be dis-
pensed with, and also by the use of my arrangements the inconvenience occasioned
by the tram cars passing on to the wrong line, together with the shaking of the car
in passing over points is avoided.
In carrying out my Invention I adopt mainly the following arrangements:-
At points or crossing points of tramways for a short distance on each side, and
in the centre between the rails, a guide rail is laid, such rail being grooved
similar to the ordinary tram-rail.
To each tram car, and in front of each pair of wheels is fitted a small flanged
wheel (carried on suitable axle and having coned bearings) is provided, and firmly
held by rods which proceed from the wheel, terminating in hollow cup-shaped pieces,.
which partly overlap the axle carrying the wheels. These hollow portions rest
upon rods or suitable arrangements suspended from the lower portion of the car,
such hollow portions being connected by a tie rod or bar. To the portion carrying
the guiding wheel a chain or suitable attachment is made, which is brought up and
placed under the control of the driver, so that he may apply the arrangements when
required.
When the arrangements are to be applied the driver actuates the chain connected
to the guide wheel, and same drops into the guide rail, thus guiding the car over
the points; at the same time the cup-shaped pieces bear against the axle. When
the points are passed the driver raises the wheel out of the guide rail, and simul-
taneously the cup-shaped pieces are brought away from the axle.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boyes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1878. A communication
from abroad by Charles Nottbeck, of Tammerfors, Finland, Russia.
WILLIAM BOYES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant. "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Charles
Nottbeck, of Tammerfors, Finland, Russia.
This Invention relates to the class of steam engines known as rotary steam
engines. The outer cylinder is. bored out eccentrically to the inner cylinder, in
which are two slots for the slides which act as pistons, and which are kept in
contact with the inner periphery of the outer cylinder by springs or by steam. At
each end of the cylinders is a circular plate which keep the piston slides in their
places, and the driving axles are connected to these plates. At the under side of
the inner cylinder is a plate which is pressed by springs against the inner cylinder
to keep it steam-tight, and oil is admitted at the point of contact to lubricate the
parts. At one side of this plate the steam is admitted, and at the other side the
exhaust steam is discharged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING HEAT AND ECONOMISING FUEL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Issachar James Thorp and Charles
William Summerskill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
17th January 1878.
ISSACHAR JANES THORP and CHARLES WILLIAM SUMMERSKILL, both of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DISTRIBUTING HEAT AND ECONOMISING FUEL."
Our Invention consists of an adjustable or fixed diaphragm made of fire-clay or
other suitable material, and which is placed in the furnace or flue of any boiler, and
is especially applicable to locomotive steam engines.
One or more diaphragms consisting of one or more sections is or are placed upon
a movable centre, either horizontally or otherwise, with or without other stationary
parts, across the furnace or flue, thus causing the heat to be distributed to the
surfaces of the boiler before making its escape into the chimney, as well as ensuring
a more perfect combustion of the fuel.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS FOR THE FORMATION OF HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS, AND IN MATERIALS TO BE USED THEREWITH.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1878.
JAMES ALSTON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Contractor.
IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS FOR THE FORMATION OF HOUSES AND OTHER
BUILDINGS, AND IN MATERIALS TO BE USED THEREWITH.".
The object of this Invention is to secure economy in the construction of walls of
houses and other buildings, and is also intended to dispense with the necessity of
plastering the inside walls forming the rooms of buildings.
The improvements consist in the use and employment of peculiar formed blocks
made from concrete, instead of using stone or bricks.
These blocks have grooves formed therein, so that when two or more blocks are
placed together the grooves are opposite cach other, such grooves being aftewards
filled in with concrete.
Instead of using lime or mortar for cementing the blocks together, I use concrete
made from the same material as the blocks, so that when the concrete, which
has been placed in the said grooves, and that which has been placed between each
block, becomes dry or "set," the wall is one firm solid structure durable and
impervious to weather.
These blocks are by preference made hollow, and the hollow places filled in with
some cheaper material.
-
These blocks when made are also "finished" on the inside and outside faces,
so that the rooms of a building do not require plastering, and they may be made
of any desired colour for ornamentation purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHUFFLING AND DEALING CARDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Douglas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1878.
ROBERT DOUGLAS, of No. 21, New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHUFFLING AND DEALING CARDS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for shuffling and
dealing cards. For the purpose of shuffling a tray is provided of a size to receive
the pack of cards which it is desired to shuffle. The bottom of the tray has slits or
openings in it, and two opposite sides of the tray do not extend quite to the bottom.
Fingers or pushers are also provided which project slightly above the bottom of the
tray, and which may be made to travel to and fro along the slits or openings. These
fingers or pushers then push cards from under the pack beneath the sides of the tray.
In this way at each motion a few cards are taken out of the tray, and the cards so
removed are discharged down inclines at the two sides into receivers.
The fingers
or pushers may conveniently receive movement from an axis turned by hand and
having a crank upon it which imparts a to-and-fro movement to levers carrying the
fingers or pushers; or a hand lever moved from side to side may be employed to
actuate the fingers or pushers. In either case the fingers or pushers are made to
move from side to side, passing completely beneath the pack and carrying before
them the cards which stand in their path. The fingers or pushers should be to some
extent flexible so that the number of cards taken at each movement may vary and
be dependent on the resistance which the cards offer or the facility with which they
slide the one on the other.
For the purpose of dealing cards the machine is arranged to deliver on one side
only and card by card. The machine is moved by hand or automatically so that it
may deliver the cards into the required number of heaps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDARS, DIARIES, AND REMEM- BRANCERS.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Davis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1878.
JOHN HENRY DAVIS, of 151, High Holborn, Bloomsbury, in the County, of
Middlesex, Printer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDARS, DIARIES, AND REMEM-
BRANCERS.
"
This Invention consists in the application of an indicator or pointer to daily,
weekly, monthly, or yearly calendars, diaries, and remembrancers, for the purpose
of shewing at a glance the date and day of the week, month, and year, and also for
making notes thereon. With such an apparatus I propose, according to my Inven-
tion, to use a piece of cardboard or other stiff material of a suitable shape for a
monthly calendar, with papers attached to contain the weeks and days in each
month, and I affix them to the cardboard or other materials by four eyelets which
hold the whole firmly together. I then string a cord, to which is affixed the indicator
or pointer through two of the eyelets, and fasten the ends of the cord by tieing
them together, or otherwise equivalently securing them, so that the cord shall form
an endless band, which when moved up or downwards causes the indicator to point
to the day of the week, month, or year, by which means anyone may see at a glance
the date and day of each week during the month.
When the indicator has reached the last day of the month the top sheet must be
torn off, and the pointer raised to the top of the card for the second month, and so
continued until the year is completed.
I also construct a weekly or monthly diary and remembrancer by shapeing a card-
board or other stiff material, and affix thereon in sheets a diary for the week or
month throughout the year.
Instead of fastening the sheets to the cardboard or other materials by four eyelets,
in the manner before described, I only use two eyelets for one side, through which
slides the endless cord carrying the indicator or pointer, as before described. This
arrangement admits of the sheets being opened and turned over like the leaves of a
book, and in order to secure the loose edges of the sheets I use an elastic band,

page_text: which compresses them to the cardboard or other material when not required to be
opened; this band may either be a loose ring of rubber, or may be secured to the
cardboard at discretion.
I perforate one side of the sheets of the diary and remembrancer, so that the sheets
may be torn asunder without injury, and I affix to the cardboard an ordinary
metallic suspender for the purpose of hanging up the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF REELS, BOBBINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN MEANS, MACHINERY, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Koehl at the Office of the Com-
⚫ missioners of Patents on the 1st March 1878.
CARL KOEHL, of Zweibrucken Rheinpfalz, Bavaria, in the Empire of Germany,
at present residing at Soho, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF REELS, BOBBINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, AND IN MEANS,
MACHINERY, AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE."
Reels, bobbins, and other similar articles are usually made of small pieces of wood
turned to shape, and the object of my Invention is to make such articles from paper
pulp of a cheap description, from coarse fibrous materials, or wood combined with
starch, guin, or other suitable materials to form a plastic compound capable of being
moulded and pressed into the forms required, and afterwards dried into a hard
substance.
In carrying out my Invention I take any kind of waste paper, paper cuttings, or
other like materials made from paper pulp, and boil them in a suitable boiler for
about two hours, together with about one per cent. of common starch or gum. The
paper thus prepared is then fed into a machine, such as is known as .Nye's mincing
machine, from which the paper in a pulpy state is expressed and delivered into
metal moulds consisting of a combined series of recesses of the form of the reels,
bobbins, or other similar articles.
The moulds when filtered are placed in a press of improved construction, as
represented in Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed, the pressure being exerted by
means of a lever a and eccentric b as shown. The reels or bobbins thus pressed
into a solid form are perforated through their central axis whilst in the moulds by
a powerful press arranged to pierce the whole series of reels at one operation, as
shown at Figure 2.
A wire c is inserted into the axis of each reel or bobbin, as shown in Figures 3
and 4, and the moulds are then placed in an oven to bake the moulded reels into a
hard substance, after which they are removed from the moulds and are cleaned and
polished in machines, as shown by Figure 3, and whilst still hot they are coated or
[Price 4d1

page_text: covered with coloring matter combined with oil. They are then placed in a hot
room to dry, being afterwards finished with a coat of varnish ready for use.
The ends of the reels or bobbins are printed with the name and quality of the
cotton, thread, silk, or other material to be wound thereon. By this means, reels,
bobbins, and similar articles can be made at much less cost than heretofore, being 5
superior, lighter, and cheaper, than any hitherto made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Calvin Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1878.
JOHN CALVIN THOMPSON, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, and State of New
York, in the United States of America, but at present of 23, Southampton Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS."
For this purpose I employ a number of rollers placed inside the journal or axle
box, as heretofore, but instead of placing the axle in contact with such rollers I
interpose a loose rotating collar or bush, the outside of which runs in contact
with the rollers, whilst the inside fits and runs loosely on the shaft or axle.
If desired the axes of the rollers may, as has heretofore been proposed, work in
slots formed in wheels or rings, so as to retain the rollers equidistant from each
other.
IN TUBES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Welford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1878.
ROBERT WELFORD, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham.
IN TUBES FOR STEAM BOILERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to improvements in tubes especially adapted to steam
boilers.
In lieu of using or adapting tubes for boilers as hitherto, and attendant upon
which there are many disadvantages well known to the constructor or fitter and
user, I make my improved tubes with one or more bends, any part or parts of them
being bent to any angle or to various angles of any desired numbers of degrees,
providing them also at their extremities with flanges by which they can be rivetted
to the boiler plates in any desired position; or forming the ends so that they can
be welded to the plates of the boiler in any position in which they are desired to
be used.
Boiler tubes of the improved formation may be made of any desired diameter
and of any suitable material, and they can be rolled or welded in the usual way, or
they may be drawn.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE SPEED, DISTANCE, AND POSITION OF VESSELS AT SEA, WHETHER AND HOW FAR DEVIATING FROM THEIR COURSE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lüdeke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1878.
HENRY LUDEKE, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE
SPEED, DISTANCE, AND POSITION OF VESSELS AT SEA, WHETHER AND HOW FAR
DEVIATING FROM THEIR COURSE."
The apparatus forming the subject of the present Invention is intended to
indicate and register not only the speed or distance of vessels on a voyage, but
also and more particularly the deviations from their course, such deviations being
marked and registered thereby.
For this purpose I employ an appropriate wheel having vanes either inside or
outside the vessel for actuating suitable clockwork communicating a sliding or
shifting motion to a brass bar connected to a thin straight spring running parallel
with the ship, and on whose end is fixed a lead pencil or any other equivalent
marker for the purpose of indication.
I further make use of a marine compass needle having a circular plate of light
substance above on which the spring and pencil vibrate and indicate as above
mentioned, in suchwise that when the ship turns sideways or even backwards, the
pencil will indicate this motion on the plate by reason of the undeviating position
of the compass needle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE STOPPERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mansley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1878.
JAMES MANSLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLE
STOPPERS."
This Invention relates to stoppers for bottles, principally intended for bottles
containing beer and other fermented liquids. By preference the stopper is made
taper or conical, having india-rubber or other elastic material placed around so as
to thoroughly fit the inside of the bottle neck. The stopper is hung by a loop of
wire at one side, and the opposite side is provided with a lip or projection, over
which a loop is passed for holding the stopper firmly down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING MATCHES, CIGARS, AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luis de Loma at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1878.
LUIS DE LOMA, of 4, Passage de l'Opera, Paris, France, at present residing at
24, Woburn Place, Russell Square, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOXES FOR CONTAINING MATCHES, CIGARS, AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in boxes for containing matches,
cigars, and other small articles."
In order to form a match box with a spring lid which will open automatically
when pressure is applied to the back of the box, I cut a piece of tin plate or thin
sheet metal to the form of a cross approximately, as is shown by Figure 1 of the
Drawings annexed.
The side flaps A, A, are turned up to face each other, and they form the sides of
the box.
The flap B serves both as the back of the box and as the spring for closing
the lid.
The flap C is folded down flat upon the part D which forms the front of the box,
and at its lower end the flap C is bent round to serve as an inner bottom to the
box.
The lid is formed of a strip of metal doubled upon itself in the manner indicated
in Figure 2; it is jointed to the side flaps A by a pin at E, and it is also jointed to
the back flap B by a pin at G.
A tray may be provided within the box to support the matches or other articles,
and this, when the lip opens, is raised by horns on the sides of the lid engaging
with side straps attached to the tray; or slightly changing the form the lid may
open sideways and carry out the matches or like articles with it.
A modification of the arrangement is to cut the metal approximately to the form
indicated in Figure 3.
The flaps F, F, when turned up form the back and front of the box, and the flaps
H, H, the two sides; these also serve as springs to close the lids, of which in this
case there are two, each passing half across the top of the box.
1

page_text: According to another arrangement I fold the metal approximately to the shape
indicated in Figure 4; this, when folded, assumes a chair-like form.
The flaps I, I, I, fold round and form a hollow back, which is the receptacle for
the matches or other small articles; the receptacle is closed at the top by a hinged
lid.
The flap K passes up within the hollow back, and is jointed to the lid near its
hinge; it holds the lid closed until pressure is applied to the part L, which causes
the lid to open.
The part L serves as the seat, and also acts as a spring to cause the automatic
closing of the lid.
If desired a second receptacle may be formed beneath the seat, an opening being
cut and a lid provided. This lid is also automatic in closing, being connected by a
stem with the part M beneath, which remains stationary whilst L yields to pressure
and returns when the pressure is withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN MEANS FOR INSERTING TUBES WITHIN LAPS OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Booth and Thomas Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th November 1878.
SAMUEL BOOTH, of Gee Cross, in the County of Chester, Mechanic, and THOMAS
BARLOW, of the same Place, Mill Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
AND IN MEANS FOR INSERTING TUBES WITHIN LAPS OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
Our Invention relates to the laps of fibrous material, which are formed in
scutchers or in lap machines, or in machines employed in the cleaning of cotton
and other fibrous materials. In such machines the web of material is wound upon
a roller, which is withdrawn when the lap is removed from the machine, and when
the lap is to be applied to the carding engine a skewer is usually thrust into the
lap, and as this skewer does not always pass exactly into the centre of formation
of the lap the web does not always reel entirely off the skewer. According to our
Invention we slip a metal sheath upon the roller, and we form the lap upon this
sheath. When the lap is removed from the machine the roller is withdrawn,
leaving the sheath within the lap. When the lap is to be applied to another
machine a suitable roller can readily be slid into the sheath. We form the said
sheath of sheet-steel, iron, or other suitable metal coiled into a cylindrical form, and
by preference we do not join the meeting edges, so that there is a spring in the
sheath, the effect being that when there is a pressure upon the lap the sheath con-
tracts upon the roller, and on the contrary, when the pressure is removed the
sheath expands so that the roller can be readily withdrawn.
.
•
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COMBS FOR IMPARTING COLOUR TO OR IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE OF THE HUMAN HAIR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hickisson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
"
JAMES HICKISSON, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Marking Ink Maker. AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF COMBS FOR IMPARTING
COLOUR TO OR IMPROVING THE APPEARANCE OF THE HUMAN HAIR,"
This Invention relates to an improved manufacture of combs, for imparting
colour to or improving the appearance of the human hair; for this purpose I manu-
facture combs from any of the usual combinations of chemical compounds or agents
employed for dyeing human hair, combining with such compounds or agents
vulcanite, india-rubber, glue, gelatine, or other tenacious substance, so as to form a
base in order to fix or maintain the compounds or agents in a solid form or mass.
The compounds or agents after having been first brought into a plastic condition
are then moulded, shaped, or stamped so as to form combs, which, after being
allowed to dry or set, are then ready for use. In order to prevent the dye or
chemical compounds or agents from which the combs are manufactured staining the
hand or clothes the stem of such combs may be furnished with a bead or frame of
glass, metal, wood, or other suitable material.
AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE BUNG OR STOPPING APPARATUS FOR CASKS OR BARRELS, AND MACHINE FOR MAKING THE CORES AND MOULDS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1878.
GEORGE BROWN, of Loughborough, in the County of Leicester. "AN IMPROVED
ADJUSTABLE BUNG OR STOPPING APPARATUS FOR CASKS OR BARRELS, AND
MACHINE FOR MAKING THE CORES AND MOULDS FOR THE SAME."
This Invention relates to an improved adjustable bung or apparatus for closing
the bung holes of casks or barrels, and to an improved apparatus or machine for
making the cores and moulds for casting such improved adjustable bungs or stopping
apparatus.
The improved adjustable bung or apparatus consists of a flanged bush secured
internally and fixed by screws or rivets to the ordinary bung stave and preferably
flush with the face thereof. In this screwed bush screws a metal bung or stopper
provided with a flange, which fits into a recess in the said bush, a washer of suitable
material being placed between the flange and the recess to secure a. perfect
joint.
By the employment of this improved bung or stopper the ordinary vent peg is
not required. A suitable key is provided for turning the bung or stopper.
The improved machine for making the cores and moulds for the herein-before
described bung or stopper and bushing consists of a frame provided with a central
screwed spindle with a screwed metal socket or plug at top, the thread of the said
spindle corresponding with the thread to be given to the bush and stopper. Above
the said socket or plug is placed the required core or moulding box. This box is
filled with sand and pressed down as usual, and the screwed spindle being turned
by its lever the core or inould thus formed is raised out of the box ready to be used
for casting the bung, or stopper, or bush, as the case may be.
VENTILATING WATERPROOF GARMENTS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cohen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1878.
SAMUEL COHEN, of Fore Street, in the City of London.
VENTILATING WATERPROOF GARMENTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to improvements in waterproof overcoats, cloaks, capes, and
jackets for male and female wear, and has for its object to meet a want long felt in
these articles by providing efficient ventilation without rendering the garment
unsightly, as has been the case in all attempts hitherto made.
It is well known that waterproof garments made of india-rubber coated fabric,
which is absolutely impervious to the air, if unprovided with a means of ventilation
about the arms and shoulders, are not only uncomfortable to the wearer, but act
very injuriously by confining the heat and moisture of the body.
Now the object of this Invention is to effectually ventilate these garments in
such a way as not to interfere with the shape of the garment, the ventilating aper-
tures being so disposed as to be unperceivable.
My Invention consists in making the upper part of the back and the shoulders
of the garment of a double thickness, being in fact two separate fabrics, the inner
one of a woollen or other suitable texture, and the outer one of the ordinary single
or double texture waterproof fabric. Between the inner and outer fabrics the air is
free to circulate, and provision is made for the admission of fresh air by a large
opening at the lower edge of the inner fabric, which, being on the inside of the
garment, is not visible when the garment is worn, and by openings made in the
side seams beneath the arms, where they are not readily perceivable, and for the exit
of the warm air by an opening beneath the collar at the nape of the neck. Openings
are also provided in the under seams of the sleeves for the same purpose; thus, a
constant circulation of fresh air is ensured at the parts where most required, and the
prejudicial effects hitherto felt from wearing garments waterproofed with india-
rubber are entirely obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Brook, Joseph Sykes, and Job
Stake at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1878.
GEORGE BROOK, the younger, and JOSEPH SYKES, both of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Manufacturers, and JOB STAKE, of the same Place, Combing Over-
looker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING WOOL AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to that class of combing machinery known as "Noble's
comb," and our improvements relate principally to the arrangement of the driving
mechanism in such manner that the construction of the comb is greatly simplified.
Underneath the comb near to the ground we place the main driving shaft, which
carries the fast and loose pullies, and a bevil wheel which gears with another bevil
wheel fixed to a vertical stud or short shaft placed about the centre of the machine.
On the stud is also mounted a toothed wheel, which by means of intermediates
imparts motion to the ordinary train of gearing employed for driving the various
parts of the machine. By this arrangement we dispense with the two pairs of bevil
wheels at the top of the two upright shafts within the pillars, and also the upper
cross shaft, which has hitherto been the main driving shaft. We retain about one-
third of the pillars in length, and on the upright shafts we place hand wheels, by
means of which the attendant can turn the comb when required, but when the
comb is driven by "power" there is no torsional strain on the upright shafts, and
consequently all vibration and loss of power from this source is avoided.
The "sliver" or balling rollers are driven from one of the drawing-off rollers of
the large circle by bevil wheels, one of which is mounted on the top of the drawing-
off roller, and the other on the lower of the sliver rollers.
The advantages derived from our improvements are numerous. The greater part
of the machinery hitherto fixed on the upper side of the comb circles is dispensed
with or placed underneath, whilst we are enabled to reduce the remaining parts in
071

page_text: size, besides bringing the strap guide and the hand wheels much more under the
control of the attendant.
Those parts of the machine which require frequent inspection are more open to
view, the circles are readily changed, and when the machine is placed in an upper
room it may be driven from the shafting in the room below it, so that special
shafting is not necessary.
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INSTANTANEOUSLY ALTERING THE DIRECTION OF MOTION AND REDUCING THE VELOCITY OF VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wolfe Smyth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October 1878.
ARTHUR WOLFE SMYTH, of Porttick Castle, Glasson, County Westmeath,
Gentleman Farmer. "NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INSTANTANEOUSLY
ALTERING THE DIRECTION OF MOTION AND REDUCING THE VELOCITY OF VESSELS."
This Invention relates to apparatus for instantaneously altering the direction of
motion and reducing the velocity of vessels, whereby they can be rapidly brought
to rest, and if necessary prevented from coming into collision with any object which
they may have approached to a dangerous degree of proximity.
My apparatus consists of two steel plates, which are let down through apertures
in the bottom of the vessel. The steel plates, which are of equal depth, cut each
other at right angles, and one is let down through an aperture running longitudinally
in the bottom of the vessel in the manner of a false keel; the other slides down
through an aperture cut in the bottom of the vessel transversely to the keel. The
plates are joined together at their intersection, so that they form a kind of paddle
whose axis is vertical. The apertures are slightly wider than the thickness of the
plates, so that the plates slide in them with freedom, and the length of each varies
according to the length and breadth of the vessel. The paddle is connected with a
shaft, whose axis is in the same straight line with that of the paddle. The shaft is
placed vertically in bearings, so that it can slide up and down. When the paddle
is let down so as just to clear the bottom of the vessel, shoulders on the shaft rest
on the bearings, and so prevent any further descent.
When the shaft descends and the paddle protrudes at the bottom of the vessel
by the action of the water upon the blades of the paddle, the vessel is rapidly
reduced to rest.
The action of the water will also tend to turn the paddle round on its axis
exactly as the wind does a weathercock.
At the top end of the shaft there is a pinion, which at the instant the shaft is
lowered so that the paddle wholly protrudes comes into gear with a horizontal cog
wheel; this cog wheel tends to turn a second and still larger cog wheel.
[Price 2d1

page_text: Thus if these two cog wheels were free to turn upon their axes when the paddle
revolved by the action of the water upon it, it would by means of the pinion cause
the two cog wheels to revolve.
But the second cog wheel-above-mentioned-is-fixed-to-the-ship,-so-that-when-the
paddle tends to revolve by means of the multiplying gear above described it forces
the ship round with great power.
Instead of withdrawing the paddle when not in use into the vessel, its blades
may be made to fold back, so that they lie in a horizontal plane at the bottom of
the vessel. This is more convenient for small vessels, as no space in the interior of
the vessel is required for the reception of the paddle.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND FERRULE FOR ATTACHING BRUSHES TO THEIR STALES OR HANDLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joe Cockeroft at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1878.
話
JOE COCKCROFT, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester. AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF AND FERRULE FOR ATTACHING BRUSHES TO THEIR STALES OR HANDLES."
My Invention relates to a novel method of attaching brush heads to their
stales or handles.
The present practice is to attach the brush handle to the head by means of
inserting the end of the handle into a tapered hole formed in the centre of the
brush head, and driving a nail or spike diagonally through the brush head into
the handle. This method is very defective; the brush heads always work loose on
their handles, and in many cases the insertion of the brush handle splits the brush
head.
My Invention consists in the use of a metal ferrule, being a hollow tapered tube
with a flange or crosspiece in the middle. The lower end of the tube is of
sufficient size to take into the usual hole in the brush head, and the cross flange is
secured to the brush head by two screws. The brush handle ships into the socket,
tube, or ferrule, and is secured thereto by a cross pin.
My Invention further consists in the use of a diagonal stay piece, which may be
made of light iron, such as bale banding. The stay is secured at each end of the
brush head, forming a triangle with the brush head. The upper end of the stay is
twisted on edge and provided with a hole, so that it may be secured to the brush
handle by a screw, rivet, or spike. This diagonal stay arrangement may be used
with or without my improved ferrule, the end of the brush handle taking into the
ferrule, or into the hole in the brush head as desired.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FUEL LIGHTERS OR FIRE KINDLERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank William Haddan at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Ernst Nienstädt, of Leitz, in the Empire of Germany.
FRANK WILLIAM HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FUEL LIGHTERS OR FIRE KINDLERS." A communication from abroad by
Erust Nienstädt, of Leitz, in the Empire of Germany.
The improvements consist in making a receptacle of perforated metal and filling
the same with an uninflammable material, to be soaked with petroleum or other
like combustible, and placing the receptacle so charged in contact with the fuel of
any fire, stove, or furnace, and igniting the combustible, and so lighting or kindling
the fuel.
Metal wire made into various shaped receptacles, according to the nature of the
stove, fire-place, or furnace, is filled with asbestos or infusible earth, petroleum is
discharged in the asbestos, etc., and the apparatus is ready for use.