AN IMPROVED COMPOUND LINING FOR BOILERS OR OTHER VESSELS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP FROM WOOD OR OTHER VEGETABLE Fibre
Year: 1885

page_text: I JOHN MAKIN of Bellfield near Rochdale in the County of Lancaster Paper
Mill Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOUND LINING FOR BOILERS OR OTHER VESSELS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER PULP FROM WOOD OR OTHER VEGETABLE Fibre
"and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture and use of a compound protective
lining to be applied to the boilers of wrought iron or steel, used for boiling wood
or other vegetable fibre with strong acid or corrosive solutions in the manufacture
of paper pulp therefrom.
Lead is the best metal for resisting the action of such strong acid or corrosive
solutions, but this metal has the property of expanding very considerably by the
action of heat and does not in cooling contract or return to its original dimensions
and hence lead when used for lining such boilers or vessels soon becomes enlarged
in both length and width, and consequently becomes buckled up into ridges, and
eventually cracks and breaks.
My invention is intended to support the lead and to keep it in position by the
combination therewith in the manner hereinafter described of perforated metal of
a firmer quality which will hold the lead fast in its place and obviate its pro-
pensity to "creep" or become buckled up into ridges and broken by its excessive
expansion and limited contraction as above described.
Such being the nature and object of my said invention I will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be performed or carried
into practical effect and in order that the same may be clearly understood I have
annexed hereunto a sheet of drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the
same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof.
The invention consists in the manufacture of an improved compound lining
for wrought iron or steel boilers or vessels, used in the manufacture of paper pulp
from wood, by the combination with lead of perforated metal of a more rigid
harder and less expansible quality (by preference sheet iron or steel) in the
following manner so that the iron or other rigid metal will be intimately connected
with the lead forming, as it were, a rigid backbone or skeleton frame to the lead
and counteracting its excessive expanding qualities,

page_text: I perforate the sheet of iron or other rigid metal all over with a number of
holes (say from one half of an inch to three inches asunder) more or less according
to circumstances, see plan view Fig. 1. and section Fig. 2 on the annexed drawings,
a, a being the plate and b, b the holes, and I then place the same in a mould (both
being heated) and I cast thereon a coating of lead in a molten state, by which
means the coating of lead c, c is formed on both sides of the iron or other rigid
metal a, a as shown at Fig. 3, and the two coatings are united together through
the perforations at close intervals all over the surface.
The consequence of this is that the lead adheres closely to the iron or other
rigid metal, and if any unequal expansion of the lead takes place, the effect thereof
is minimised as the lead cannot leave the surface of the iron or other rigid metal
plate being bound through from side to side as it were, by leaden studs or plugs at
each perforation, such leaden studs or plugs being in one piece with the inner, and
outer coating of lead and firmly binding the two together.
The area of expansion of the lead therefore is confined to the small spaces
between the perforations and can only form a series of shallow blisters all over
the surface instead of creeping and buckling into ridges over the whole surface
and eventually cracking and breaking as it would otherwise do.
The rigidity of the perforated metal plate also prevents the whole sheet of lead
from becoming either longer or wider than its original dimensions and the cracking
and breaking of the joints is thus obviated.
I prefer to coat both sides of the iron or other rigid metal plate with lead as
above described, but in cases where it is only desired to coat one side of the same
I taper or countersink the holes or perforations on the reverse side as shown in
section at Fig 4. so that when the molten lead is run into the mould it flows
through the perforations forming taper leaden rivets to hold the lead coating in
its place.
In this case the combined lead and metal plate may also be made by placing a
plain sheet of lead below a perforated rigid plate and the plugs formed one by one
by running lead in by means of a blow pipe or even solder but I prefer the method
before described as more satisfactory; or the sheet of lead may be laid upon the
perforated rigid metal plate and be forced through the perforations by hydraulic
or other pressure.
These combined lead and rigid metal plates are placed inside the boiler or other
vessel to be lined, and lead is run in between the joints thereof by means of a
blow pipe; and boilers or vessels so lined will be found to resist the action of the
heated acid or corrosive solutions for a very much longer time than any lead lined
boilers or vessels previously in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
A compound lining for boilers or other vessels used in the manufacture of paper
pulp from wood or other vegetable fibre, by the combination of perforated iron or
other rigid metal with lead substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein before set forth.