Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Manufacturing Glass Bottles.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 8th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 13th Aor., 1889
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Manufacturing
Glass Bottles.
I JOSEPH MICHAEL DAY of No. 85 Merrion Square in the City of Dublin
Barrister at law do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Air under pressure is stored in a gasometer or other suitable reservoir, from
which a connecting tube leads to an iron frame or table, which supports in a
horizontal position one half of the mould from which the bottle is to be blown,
the other half being attached to it by hinges or suspended across a pulley by a
counterweight, so that it can be brought down to close the mould.
Both parts
of the mould are counter-sunk so as to form a ring upon the lip and the upper
half may be so divided, that the portion which forms the ring may be brought
down and closed before the remainder. The connecting tube or pipe from the
reservoir is brought to one end of the iron frame or table and by means of a
ball joint or other suitable coupling, it is attached to one end of a hollow metal
rod which passes through the centre of a wheel, by which, when motion is
imparted, either by a treadle or suitable machinery the hollow metal rod can be .
rapidly revolved. The other end of this hollow metal rod. is finished off similarly
to the plug of an ordinary bottle-making tool, and it is provided with a circular
plate which acts as a swiller. The hollow metal rod is so mounted that it can
be moved forward in the direction of the mould far enough for the plug to enter
into it.
The iron table or frame is placed sufficiently near to the hole to permit of the
metal being ladled into the lower half mould, or if the distance is to great to allow of
this, a small mould which holds just the necessary quantity of metal may be mounted on
slides or wheels, to allow of its being drawn up to the hole across a line of rails, and
from which the metal may be transferred to the large mould, or the lower half mould
itself may be so mounted that it can be drawn up to the hole.
A man stationed at the hole fills a ladle which holds the quantity of metal required,
he then pours this into the half mould spreading some of it in the neck, the half

page_text: mould, if it has been moved, is then brought back to its position on the iron frame or
table, the man in charge of the mould, then, by means of a tool formed something like
a pincers, save that the part which grips the metal is formed so as to mould the ring
upon the lip, grasps a sufficient quantity of metal which he presses up against the
revolving plug, which enters into the metal, and thus the ring on the lip and the
mouth are formed, a small current of air is then turned on, he then brings down and
closes the countersunk portion of the mould, and dresses the rest of the metal with a
trowel-shaped tool until it assumes somewhat the shape of the bottle, the remainder
of the mould is then closed, the air fully turned on and the bottle blown out, then the
mould is opened the revolving plug having been first withdrawn and the bottle carried
to the annealing arches.
To make bottles in which it is intended to use internal stoppers larger in diameter,
than the diameter of the mouth, and which have now to be inserted, before the ring is
welded on, I provide upon the iron frame or table, two revolving plugs, one with a
larger diameter than that of the stopper to be used, with this plug the bottle is made
in the manner already described, and when it is withdrawn the stopper is dropped in,
the mould is then shifted by means of slides or other mechanical contrivance until it
comes opposite the second revolving plug the diameter of which is smaller than that
of the stopper, and which when an annular groove inside the mouth is required, is
provided with dogs or teeth, which protrude when the plug is advanced into the
inouth so as to cut the groove. Attached to the revolving rod behind the swiller are
suitable dies so arranged that they act on each side of the plug. When the plug
enters into the already formed mouth, that portion of the mould which forms the
ring, and which is attached to the rest of the mould by hinges, is thrown back and
the dies, which are attached to the revolving rod are then by any suitable mechanical
means brought to bear upon the ring so as to compress it around the plug and make
the mouth the required size-or the mould may be made without the counter-sunk
portions for the ring, but the portions which form the neck may be hinged on to the
remainder. When the bottle has been blown out and the plug withdrawn the stopper
may be inserted and the mould then shifted opposite to the second revolving plug the
hinged portions thrown back and the neck warmed by a gas jet conveniently placed-
Sufficient metal to make the ring is then added to the neck and the bottle finished in
the manner already described.
By another arrangement the pipe leading from the air reservoir is conducted to an
upright frame and connected there by means of a ball joint or other suitable coupling
with one end of a hollow rod, the other end of which is provided with a plug and
swiller and dies, and which may be revolved by any suitable means. This hollow rod
is fixed in the frame with the plug end downwards. Below it, are the two parts of
the mould, which are apart but capable of being brought together by any suitable
mechanical means. Underneath and in a direct line with the plug, is a cup mould,
in shape somewhat similar to the lower half of a bottle, into this, the amount of metal
required is poured and the cup is then by a lever or other mechanical means elevated
until the revolving plug comes in contact with and enters the metal in the cup and
the dies which are shaped like half moulds of the ring and part of the neck, being
closed, grip the metal, a small current of air is turned on, the cup withdrawn, leaving
the bloom held by the dies, the two parts of the mould are then brought together
enclosing the bloom and the bottle blown out.
Instead of using the ordinary spoon shaped ladle, the metal may be taken out of the
pot or tank by means of a small light mould shaped like a bottle, and which holds
the quantity of metal required to make a bottle. The two parts of this mould may be
mounted upon iron rods pivotted like a scissors, or in any other suitable manner.
This small mould is counter-sunk so as to form a ring of the full size, a plug is so
attached to the arms, that when the mould is closing or closed, this plug will enter
into the mouth and penetrate the metal in the mould, so as to form the bottle partially.
When this small mould is plunged open into the molten metal and then closed and
lifted out of the hole, it will be found that the action of the plug has formed a rough
mouth and ring. The moulded metal is then transferred to the half mould in waiting

page_text: for it which is then brought back to its place upon the iron frame or table the other
half brought down and the bottle blown out in the manner already described.
Or the metal may be poured into this small mould which may be so placed that
when the metal has been moulded it can be readily delivered into the half mould
waiting for it.
Dated this 8th day of May 1888
JOSEPH MICHAEL DAY,
Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Manufacturing
Glass Bottles.
I JOSEPH MICHAEL DAY of No. 85 Merrion Square in the City of Dublin Barrister-at-
law do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
Air under pressure or gas is stored in a gasometer or other suitable reservoir from
which a connecting tube leads to an iron frame or table B which supports in a
horizontal position one half of the inould A from which the bottle is to be biown the
other half being attached to it by binges as shown in figure or suspended across a
pulley by a counterweight so that it can be brought down to close the mould. Both
paris of the mould are countersunk so as to form a ring upon the lip and the upper
half may be so divided that the portion which forms the ring may be brought down
and closed before the remainder. The connecting tube or pipe from the reservoir is
brought to one end of the iron frame B and by means of a ball joint or other suitable
coupling it is attached to one end of a hollow metal rod or spindle which passes
through the centre of a wheel or pulley E by which when motion is imparted either
by a treadle or suitable machinery this hollow rod or spindle can be rapidly revolved.
The other end of this hollow metal rod is finished off similarly to the plug of an
ordinary bottle making tool and it is provided wit': a circular plate which acts as a
swiller. The wheel E is provided with a feather or key fixed in a recess and the
hollow rod is grooved through a portion of its length in which the feather or key
slides freely allowing the hollow rod (to be moved by the clutch or lever F which is
pivotted upon the stud G. in the direction of the mould far enough for the plug to
enter into it.
The iron table or frame B is placed sufficiently near to the working hole of the
furnace to permit of the metal being ladled into the lower half mould (or if the

page_text: distance is necessarily too great to permit of this a small mould which holds just the
necessary quantity of metal may be mounted upon slides or wheels to permit of its
being drawn up to the hole across a line of rails, and from which the metal may be
transferred to the lower half mould, or the lower half mould may be so mounted and
drawn up to the hole. The man stationed at the hole fills a ladle which holds the
quantity of metal required he then pours this into the half mould spreading some of
it in the neck the half mould if it has been moved is then brought back to its position
upon the iron frame B. The man in charge of the mould then by means of a tool
shaped something like a pincers (save that the part which grips the metal is formed
so as to mould the ring upon the lip) grasps a sufficient quantity of metal which he
presses up against the revolving plug which enters into the metal and thus the ring
upon the lip and the mouth are formed a small current of air is then turned on he
then brings down the countersunk portion of the mould and dresses the rest of the
metal with a trowel shaped tool until it assumes somewhat the shape of the bottle the
remainder of the mould is then closed, the air fully turned on and the bottle blown
out then the mould is opened the revolving plug Ŏ having been first withdrawn and
the bottle carried to the annealing arches.
To make bottles in which it is intended to use internal stoppers larger in diameter
than the diameter of the mouth and which have now to be inserted before the ring is
welded on I provide upon the iron frame B two revolving plugs similarly mounted
one with a larger diameter than that of the stopper to be used. With this plug the
bottle is made in the manner already described and when it is withdrawn the
stopper is dropped in the mould is then shifted by means of slides or other suitable
mechanical contrivance until it comes opposite the sceond revolving plug the diameter
of which is smaller than that of the stopper, and which when an annular grove inside
the mouth is required is provided with dogs or teeth which protrude when the plug
is advanced into the mouth so as to cut the groove. The mechanism of this part of the
invention is the same as that employed in the tool now in common use for forming
the mouths of such bottles and it is unnecessary to describe it more particularly,
attached to the revolving rod are suitable dies arranged as in the tool now generally
used so that they act on each side of the plug when the plug enters into the already
formed mouth, that portion of the mould which forms the ring and which is attached
to the rest of the mould by hinges is thrown back and the dies which are attached to
the revolving rod are then by any suitable mechanical means brought to bear upon
the ring so as to compress it around the plug and make the mouth the required
size.
Or the mould may be made without the countersunk portions for the ring but the
portions which form the neck may be hinged on to the remainder, when the bottle
has been blown out and the plug withdrawn the stopper may be inserted and the
mould then shifted opposite to the second revolving plug, the hinged portions thrown
back and the neck warmed by gas jets conveniently placed, sufficient metal to make
the ring is then added to the neck and the bottle finished in the manner described
already.
By another arrangement the pipe leading from the air reservoir is conducted to an
upright frame and connected there by means of a ball joint or other suitable coupling
with one end of a hollow rod the other end of which is provided with a plug and
swiller and dies and which may be revolved by any suitable means this hollow rod is
fixed in the frame with the plug end downwards, below it are the two parts of the
mould which are apart but capable of being brought together by any suitable
mechanical means underneath and in a direct line with the plug is a cut mould in
shape similar to the lower half of a bottle, into this the amount of metal required is
poured and the cup is then by a lever or other mechanical means elevated until the
revolving plug comes in contact with and enters the metal in the cup and the dies,
which are shaped like half moulds of the ring (and if desired part of the neck) being
closed grip the metal a small current of air is then turned on, the cup withdrawn
leaving the bloom held by the dies, the two parts of the mould are then brought
together enclosing the bloom and the bottle blown out. Instead of fixing the dies

page_text: which form the ring to the hollow rod I find it better to fix them upon a frame and
to divide the cup mould into two parts to permit of its being more easily withdrawn
from the bloom, the two parts of the cup mould are mounted so as to permit of
their being brought together immediately under the dies together with which they
form a complete mould with a capacity sufficient to hold the metal required to make
the bottle. When this is filled with metal the revolving plug is advanced downwards
until it enters the metal between the dies a small current of air is then turned on and
the two sides of the cup withdrawn leaving the bloom held by the dies the two parts
of the mould proper which are attached to a plate fixed underneath in a direct line
with the plug are almost instantaneously brought together to enclose the bloom and
the bottle blown out.
This method will be better understood by reference to the drawings figure 2 in
which 1 have shown the several parts and the mechanism by which they may be
actuated. A is a small mould for forming the ring upon the neck and is formed by
the two dies, which are moved apart by a tong and scissor device in which A' is the
fulcrum on which A' is pivotted and is carried on a standard on block A³ upon which
the tongs or scissors rest upon a part nearest to the hand of the operator. B is the
cup mould made in two halves and arranged to fit under the bottom of the small
mould A this mould B is attached to the two legs of a pair of tongs or scissors
fulcrumed on a stud B' carried by a bracket or stand B* fixed to the main frame N,
to the handle end of the tongs are attached two links or pieces of chain B* (shewn in
drawing when the two halves of the mould are together) which is connected with a
chain or rope B passing under and over two pulleys B and B' the other end being
attached to a foot lever Be fulcrumed at P. R is a spring arranged to keep the two
halves of the mould B apart until the operator pushes down the lever with his foot to
the position as shown in the drawing then the moulds are closed. C. C. are two parts
of the mould proper joined at 3 by a hinge and attached to a tongs or scissors
arrangement in which D, D, are the arms or levers C¹ C¹ being the points of attach-
ment to the two halves of mould CC. S is a bearing on which the arms or legs D D.
oscillate when moved by the extensions of D by the links or chains F. G. Rod H.
and lever I pivotted at P when moved by the operator. O. is a table upon which the
apparatus is fixed.
Instead of using the ordinary spoon shaped ladle, the metal may be taken out of the
pot or tank by means of a small light mould shaped like a small bottle and which,
holds the quantity of metal required to make a bottle the two parts of this mould may
be mounted upon iron rods pivotted like a scissors or upon tongs. This small mould
is countersunk so as to form a ring of the full size; a plug is so attached to the arms
that when the mould is closing it will enter into the mouth and penetrate the metal in
the mould so as to form the bottle partially. When this small mould is plunged open
into the molten metal and then closed and lifted out it will be found that the action of
the plug has formed a rough mouth and ring the moulded metal is then transferred to
the mould A. (fig. 1) and the bottle blown out in the manner already described.
Or the metal may be poured into this small mould which may be so placed with
reference to the frame B. Fig. I that when the metal has been formed it can be
readily delivered into the mould A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In apparatus for manufacturing glass bottles the use and construction of a hollow
revolving plug connected with an air or gas reservoir substantially in the manner
shewn and described.
2. The use of the hollow revolving rod in the first claim mentioned in connection
with the apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2.
3. In apparatus for manufacturing glass bottles the construction and use of a tool
formed like a pincers and so shaped that by means of it the ring upon the lip is
formed in the manner specified and substantially as described.

page_text: 4. In the manufacture of bottles with internal stoppers the use of two revolving
plugs of different diameters in the manner specified and for the purpose substantially
as described.
5. In apparatus for manufacturing glass bottles the construction and use of the
three moulds shown in Figure 2. for the purpose and in the manner substantially as
described.
6. The construction and use of the mechanism for actuating the three moulds
substantially as described in Figure 2.
7. In the process of manufacturing glass bottles the use and construction of a small
mould the two parts of which are attached to tongs or to rods pivotted like scissors
and provided with a plug substantially as described.
f
8. The combination consisting of the small mould in the last claim mentioned and
the apparatus shewn in Figure 1. for the purpose substantially as described.
Dated this 6th day of March 1889.