CERTAIN NEW ADDITIONS TO AND IMPROVEMENTS UPON THE MACHINERY NOW IN USE FOR THE ROVING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, WOOL, MOHAIR, AND OTHER MATERIALS USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TWIST, THREAD, AND OTHER KIND OF YARN
Year: 1810

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
VARLEY, late of Cheadle Mosley, in the County of Chester, but now of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Manufacturer, do send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of July, in the Fiftieth year of His reign, did
give and grant unto me, the said Richard Varley, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, His especial licence, that I, the said Richard Varley,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, "CERTAIN NEW ADDITIONS TO
AND IMPROVEMENTS UPON THE MACHINERY NOW IN USE FOR THE ROVING, SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND TWISTING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, WOOL, MOHAIR, AND OTHER
MATERIALS USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TWIST, THREAD, AND OTHER KIND OF
YARN," invented by me; and which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said Richard Varley, under my hand and seal, to cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being there-
unto had) may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Varley, do hereby ascertain and describe the nature of my said Inven-
tion and improvements, in the following manner, that is to say: -
They consist of the following principles, which I claim as my sole Invention,
together with all such improvements as may arise in the particular use and
application of them during the said term, that is to say:-The spindle works
in an horizontal direction to the rollers that delivers the thread for spinning,
which is brought to its center in a direct line, without vibration or any drag in
carrying the bobbin or cop round, the bobbin only revolving by the friction of
the spindle so as to take up the thread as it is delivered from the rollers,
neither end of the thread ever turning round whilst it is spinning, and which
produces for every single revolution of the spindle two compleat twists in the
yarn or thread it spins or twists, and which principle of twisting I claim as my
sole right, and to the fullest extent, against every method that may be attempted
to change and vary the mode of obtaining it.
I shall now more fully describe my Invention by the annexed Plate, and
description thereof, viz-Fig. I is a representation of the spindle. A is the
fly wheel which is turned by the warl on the spindle at B, and which runs in
centers at C, C. D, the spindle on which the bobbin is traversed, and which is
screwed or rivetted fast in the fly at E. This spindle is hollow about two
thirds of its length from E, and the other third at D is made to screw on to it,
so that the bobbin may be took off or on without having the fly too long.
F is the bobbin, which traverses loose on the spindle. G is a brass plate to
regulate the draft of the bobbin, which is made by turning a plate nearly the
diameter of the bobbin end, with a shoulder of about a quarter of an inch long,
on which I put a washer of woollen cloth or any other material. I then put a
thin brass hoop on so as just to take hold of the lower edge of the washer.
I then put another cloth washer on; and then screw a plate on to correspond.
with the other. Betwixt these two plates and washers a thin plate of brass or
other metal is placed so as to revolve quite free, to which the bobbin is
fastened by two small springs, with points to take hold of the edge of the
bobbin. H is a steel rod, which, sliding into the spindle at E, communicates,
by means of a slot the length of the traverse, with the brass plates to which it
is fastened. This rod is traversed by a double fork, working on the rim I, so
that when the bobbin is pushed under the paradox K the middle plate pre-ses
against the washer, and causes a draft on the bobbin, and when drawn back it
presses against the other washer, which has the same effect on the bobbin. These
washers must be larger or smaller according to the draft wanted. K is the
paradox, which is suspended on the end of the spindle by a small center and

page_text: collar, and kept steady by the weight M from turning round. The yarn is took
from the bobbin in pieceing over the hook N round the wire at O, and over
the fly rim, then through the plate at I, and so to the rollers, and pieceed for
spinning. By which means, when the spindle is running, it gives one twist in
the yarn at I, and another at O, every revolution of the spindle; or, instead of
traversing from the nose of the fly, as above, I do it from the spindle next the
warl, by fixing a sliding brass socket ou the spindle, in which the traverse fork
acts, to which a cross plate is fixed, the width of the fly, in which two steel
wires are screwed, which, running along the edges of the fly, are fixed to the
brass plate G by a cross plate, by which means the bobbin is traversed; or it
may be done by a loose spindle fixed in the fly with the bobbin fast upon it,
on which a small wheel is fixed, which, working in others, nets upon a screw
which traverses the thread by means of a nut working on it. There is a great
variety of ways of coping the yarn on these spindles that may be made use of;
but the two first are the most simple, and the foundation on which they all act
and proceed from. And as it would be impossible for me to describe all the
different modes, the above will fully show the principle and how it acts. The
roving spindle is made the same, only proportionably larger, and the parts
the roving passes through to have as little friction as possible. The frames
for these spindles are, for the rollers, beams, and coping, the same as throstles,
only the spindles are horizontal, with the points about six inches from the
rollers, and to run in cast iron plates or ribs firmly fixed on beams, to extend
from one end of the frame to the other, and turned from rollers placed under-
neath the spindles. The twisting spindles has only a plain fly, without the
spindle D, but with a short stud at E, about an inch long, on which a flat
paradox about an inch thick is suspended, so as not to turn round shaped, so
that two, three, or more squares may be placed in to hold cops on in such a
manner that the fly may revolve round them. A steel wire is fixed in the
paradox that comes before the point of the cops, on which a thin piece of
wood covered with woollen cloth is fastened, so that the yarn may be drawn
over it in a direct line with the points of the cops, and took to the guide wire
at O over the fly to the nose, and drawn on to a reel faster or slower in
proportion as the spindle revolves and as I want more or less twist put into
the yarn; or I draw it through rollers, and wind it on bobbins for warping.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and eleven, and in the Fifty-first year of His Majesty's reign.
RICHARD VARLEY (L.S.)
Witness,
JAMES VARLEY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of January, in the
year last above mentioned, the aforesaid Richard Varley came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Seventh day of January, in the year last above written.