IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Aimé Blavier, of the Chemin de Fer de l'Ouest,
Boulevard Mont Parnasse, 44, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES."
Sealed the 23rd June 1854, and dated the 21st April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Aimé Blavier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1854.
I, AIMÉ BLAVIER, of the Chemin de Fer de l'Ouest, Boulevard Mont
Parnasse, 44, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in placing the cylindrical part of the boiler below the
axes of the driving wheels, and in placing above these axes a reservoir of
vapour in communication with the generating apparatus and the reservoir'
placed above the fire box.
The water entirely fills the part of the boiler below the axes, in which part
(consequently) tubes can be placed over its whole section; thus the tubular
heating surface is considerably increased, and also that of the fire box, which
gives much more power to the machine, because the working cylinders can be
increased in proportion, & not only more power but more speed can be
obtained, as the driving wheels can be made as large as is desired. Besides
which, the centre of gravity of the whole apparatus is lowered, which increases
the stability of the machine, as the reservoir of vapour can be increased at will;
and as the point where the vapour is taken to be conducted to the cylinders

page_text: can be more raised from the level of the boiling water, this vapour is more
dry, and produces a better effect in the cylinders.
The cylinders and the other moving parts can be placed either interiorly or
exteriorly. The same is the case with the side frames.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Aimé Blavier in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AIMÉ
BLAVIER, of the Chemin de Fer de l'Ouest, Boulevard Mont Parnasse, 44,
Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Aimé Blavier, Her special license that I, the said Aimé Blavier, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Aimé Blavier, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Aimé Blavier, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
-Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Aimé Blavier, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in a new arrangement of the principal parts of the
boiler and axles of locomotives.
As may be seen by the accompanying Drawing, the steam generating
apparatus is separate from the steam reservoir, and the axles of the driving

page_text: wheels and coupling wheels are placed above the cylindrical part of the steam
generator and below the steam reservoir; the steam reservoir being put in
communication with the cylindrical part of the boiler through two vertical
pipes, and with the space above the fire box or dome, by means of two
horizontal pipes.
The steam generating apparatus consists chiefly, as in the ordinary loco-
motive engine, of a fire box, of a boiler, and a smoke box. The boiler is filled
with tubes through its entire length, so that with a considerable smaller
diameter than is generally adopted a much greater tubular heating surface is
obtained.
The principal arrangements of the new locomotive are represented in the
annexed Drawing, on which, however, the cylinder and the different parts of the
valve motion are not represented, as they are not essentially different from those
ordinarily employed. A is the fire box; B, the opening in the front of the.
fire box, to allow the gases produced by combustion to escape into the cylin-
drical part of the boiler C, and into the tubes D; F is the smoke box; R is
the steam reservoir, communicating with the boiler through the two pipes
T, T, and with the fire box through the pipe H, and lastly with the dome V
through the pipe H'; E, E, are the two axles, set over the cylindrical part of
the boiler; E¹ is a carrying axle. The axles E, E, may be coupled or not.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that what I
claim is, the arrangement of the boiler and axles of the locomotives, as herein-
before described and referred to in the Figures of the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Aimé Blavier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
L. DE FONTAINE MOREAU.
Mlary
(L.S.)