IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING YARNS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sampson Bagnall, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
DOUBLING YARNS."
Sealed the 26th January 1877, and dated the 28th July 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sampson Bagnall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1876.
SAMPSON BAGNALL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING YARNS."
My Invention relates to the machinery or apparatus employed in the doubling of
yarns in the manufacture of thread or in the combining together of two or more
yarns or threads.
In such apparatus the yarns to be doubled or twisted together are drawn by
means of revolving rollers from the bobbins upon which they have been wound,
and upon which they are supplied to the said apparatus. On the breakage of the
yarn at any point between the said rollers and the flyer or twisting appliance the
said rollers continue to feed forwards the loose ends of yarn which usually become
wound upon the upper or lower roller. The yarn so wound upon the rollers has to
be cut off before the ends of yarn can be pieced, and the yarn so cut off is removed
from the apparatus as waste."
To prevent or lessen this waste of yarn it is of
importance that the said rollers shall cease to draw forwards the yarn when the
ends of yarn break, and to accomplish this in a simple and efficient manner is the
object of my Invention. To this end I mount the gudgeons of the upper roller
upon plane or curved surfaces which extend for some distance in a direction away
from the lower roller. Under ordinary circumstances the tension of the yarns
retains the said gudgeons at the ends of the surfaces which are nearest to the lower
roller, there being suitable shoulders at the said ends to retain the said gudgeons in
position. On the ends of yarn breaking so as to cease to retain the upper roller
the said gudgeons roll or move upon the said surfaces, and the upper roller moves
away out of contact with the lower roller, and thereby censes to receive motion
therefrom. To check the motion of the said upper roller more quickly I may
arrange a brake or surface of leather or other substance or material or a projection
from the bar, upon which the sustaining planes or surfaces are cast or formed so
that the periphery of the said roller may come into contact with such brake or
surface when it moves out of contact with the lower roller. I prefer to form the
surfaces which sustain the aforesaid gudgeons as planes declining towards the ends
which are most distant from the lower roller, and to cast such planes upon bars
which can readily be substituted for the ordinary cap bars which are employed to
retain the upper rollers in working position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Sampson Bagnall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
January 1877.
SAMPSON BAGNALL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DOUBLING YARNS."
My Invention relates to the machinery or apparatus employed in the doubling of
yarns in the manufacture of thread or in the combining together of two or more
yarns or threads.
In such apparatus the yarns to be doubled or twisted together are drawn by
means of revolving rollers from the bobbins upon which they have been wound and
upon which they are supplied to the said apparatus. On the breakage of the yarn
at any point between the said rollers and the flyer or twisting appliance the said
rollers continue to feed forwards the loose ends of yarn which usually become
wound upon the upper or lower roller. The yarn so wound upon the rollers has to
be cut off before the ends of yarn can be pieced, and the yarn so cut off is removed
from the apparatus as "waste." To prevent or lesson this waste of yarn it is of
importance that the said rollers shall cease to draw forwards the yarn when the
ends of yarn break, and to accomplish this in a simple and efficient manner is the
object of my Invention. To this end I mount the gudgeons of the upper roller
upon or above plane level curved or inclined surfaces which extend for some
distance in a direction away from the lower roller. Under ordinary circumstances
the tension of the yarns retains the said gudgeons at the higher or front ends of
the said surfaces, but on the ends of yarn breaking so as to cease to retain the
upper roller the said gudgeons roll or move upon the said surfaces and the upper
roller moves away out of contact with the lower roller and thereby ceases to receive
motion therefrom.
And in order that my said Inventiou might be fully understood, I have appended
hereunto a Sheet of Drawings marked with letters of reference, corresponding marks
indicating the same parts in the various Figures.
Referring in this place to the said Drawings Figs. 1 and 2 are end views of
a set of upper and lower rollers and of a cap bar constructed in accordance with my
Invention, and Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical cross sections through the lower roller
and cap bar; Fig. 5 is a plan representing a portion of the said cap bar and of the
lower roller, and showing three of the upper rollers in position.
In the said Figures A represents the lower roller, B the upper rollers, and C the
cap bar. The said lower rollers are or may be mounted and actuated in the usual
manner, and the said cap bar is or may be arranged to fit into seatings of the same
form as when prepared for the ordinary cap bar, and therefore it has not been con-
sidered necessary to illustrate the parts which need not be altered to suit my
Invention. The cap bar C is formed with arms b which project over the lower
roller and are formed to decline slightly from the outer end towards the said bar.
Each upper roller is placed between two of the said arms with the gudgeons of the
roller resting on or slightly clearing the inclined faces of the said arms. The outer
end of each arm is also formed with an upward projecting shoulder & which keeps
the upper roller from being drawn off the arın and with a projection & which serves
as an end bearing for the gudgeons of two adjacent rollers. I prefer to form or fit
the said arms with the said projections as the sides of the upper rollers are thereby
kept from rubbing against the sides of the said arms, but the said projections may
be dispensed with if not considered to be necessary, or collars on the gudgeons may
be substituted therefor. A projecting ledge fis cast or formed on the cap bar or is
fixed thereto. The position of this ledge is so arranged as that when the upper
roller is down at the lower end of the inclines the said roller will rest upon or be
in contact with the said ledge. The yarns to be doubled are brought below the
lower roller, passed between the two rollers, and brought over the upper roller to
the flyer, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 3. When so arranged the tension of the

page_text: yarns is sufficient to retain the upper roller in its working position at the outer
ends of the arms, as represented in the last-named Figures and in the cases of the
two outer rollers in Fig. 5. I have found it to be of advantage to make the upper
roller overhang the lower roller to a slight extent. On referring to Fig. 1 it will
be seen that the vertical line g drawn through the axis of the upper roller passes a
little to the left or front of the axis of the lower roller. I do not however confine
myself to this arrangement. When the yarn breaks the upper roller is no longer
retained in its working position, and the gudgeons of the said roller then roll down
the inclines and the said roller by moving away from the lower roller ceases to be
driven by it. Fig. 2 and the centre roller in Fig. 5 illustrate the result of a break-
age of yarn. I prefer to form recesses to receive the gudgeons at the lower ends of
the inclines. When the said gudgeons enter these recesses the periphery of the
roller is brought to rest against the ledge f, which acts as a brake to stop the revo-
lution of the roller, and also the yarn is usually nipped between the roller and the
said ledge, and is thus held until it can be pieced. In Fig. 4 the said ledge is dis-
pensed with and the cap bar is formed to act as a brake as in the case of the said
ledge. A strip of wood, leather, or other material attached to the cap bar may be
employed to act as a brake in the same manner as the said ledge or the use of the
said ledge or of a brake may be dispensed with, as I do not consider such ledge or
brake to be a necessary part of my Invention. The inclination of the faces of the arms
need not be great. The amount of inclination indicated in the Drawings has been
found to be sufficient. If preferred a curved incline or a level surface might be em-
ployed, but I do not now think there would be any extra advantage in the use of
such an incline or surface. In the adjustment of the said cap bar the gudgeons of
the upper rollers may slightly clear the inclined faces of the arms b when the said
rollers are in their working positions in order that the yarn may be nipped between
the upper and lower rollers."
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of any said Invention, and
the manner in which I prefer to carry the same into practical effect, I would have
it to be understood that I claim,―
First. The method of mounting the top rollers in the machinery herein indi-
cated, substantially as and for the purpose set forth and indicated herein-before and
in and by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The simple method of mounting the said top rollers so that they arc
retained in working position by the yarn and so long only as the yarn remains
unbroken without the intervention of levers or additional parts, substantially as
herein-before set forth and indicated.
And, lastly, Forming the cap bars with faces which decline from the working
positions of the top rollers and upon which the gudgeons of the said rollers roll
when the yarn breaks, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before set forth
and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sampson Bagnall, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
Signed and scaled by the said Sampson
Bagnall in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentee,
3, Princes Street,
Manchester.
SAMPSON BAGNALL. (L.S.)