Improved Construction of Potters' Kilns.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 13th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 5th Feb., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Construction of Potters' Kilns.
We, ALFRED HENRY MOORE and JOHN WILLIAM MOORE, 25, Warren Street,
Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, Potters' Oven and Kiln Builders, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows ;-
-
This our invention has reference to an improved construction of enamelling,
hardening-on and Majolica kilns for use in firing ceramic articles, the object of
our said invention being to build two fining chambers or firing-boxes under one
smoke stack or hovel so as to occupy less land or space than similar kilns built in
the ordinary way, to arrange and erect the several flues of such kilns to evenly
distribute the heat generated on their fire-grates around such firing-boxes, and to
economise labour and fuel.
In carrying our said invention into practice we prepare a horizontal or nearly
horizontal concrete or other suitable foundation of suitable size and thickness
which we preferably cover with fire-brick quarries or fire-brick of suitable size,
on or around such foundation we erect side and end walls of suitable height and
thickness of ordinary brickwork, the inner side of which walls we cover with fire-
brick, or
fire-brick quarries as usually used for that purpose, and
we erect a wall
mid-way, or about mid-way between such side walls
of ordinary brick work and suitable height, so that two firing-chambers
or kilns may be erected on such foundation side by side, each side
of such division wall being covered by fire-brick quarries, or
brick of suitable thickness.
fire-
About mid-way between the said division and each side wall we erect a vertical.
or nearly vertical fire-brick mid-feather wall of suitable height and thickness so
as to extend from one end wall to the other end wall, and mid-way, or about mid-
way of the width of each kiln we erect a vertical or nearly vertical fire-brick
wall of suitable thickness at right angles, or at about right angles tc, and of
similar height to the said longitudinal fire-brick mid-feather walls, against each
side of the said division wall, and against each side wall we erect any suitable
number of fire-brick pillars of suitable width and thickness similar in height to
the aforementioned longitudinal and transverse mid-feather walls so as to form
flues of suitable width. Upon such mid-feather walls and fire-brick pillars we
lay a floor of fire-brick quarries of suitable thickness so as to extend from side to
side and from end to end of such kilns, and upon such floor at a suitable distance
from their side walls and one end wall we erect a wall of fire-brick or fire-brick
quarries of suitable thickness so as to leave a space of suitable width between such
walls, and we construct a curved fire-brick crown or covering to such kilns extend-
ing from side to side, and from end to end of such kilns, the space between the
walls at one end of such kilns we make any suitable width; but invariably the
same as that between the side walls, the said space between the end and side walls
we divide by means of fire-bricks of suitable thickness extending from the fire-
brick pillars to the crown of such ovens into a number of suitable flues.

page_text: At the opposite end wall to that in which flues are formed in such kilns we
erect a suitable hinged metallic door or doors of suitable thickness which we line
or cover on their inner side with fire-brick or like suitable refractory material of
suitable thickness, and at each end of such kilns at a suitable distance above their
foundation we construct a suitable fire-hole, so that it will be realily understood
that one or both fire-holes may be used for firing earthenware, china or similar
articles placed in the firing-box or firing-chamber of such kilns.
When fuel in one or both fire-holes of such kilns has been lighted the heat and
smoke, or gases generated will pass therefrom into the space beneath their firing
chamber-floor as far as the transverse mid-feather wall, and ascend through the
flues in the end and side walls to the crown of such kilns where the heat and
smoke, or gases from opposite flues meet and mingle and pass therefrom through
holes or apertures in the brickwork above the crown of the firing-box into a
smoke stack or hovel surmounting such kilns, from which smoke-stack such heat
and smoke escapes into the atmosphere.
Improved Construction of Potters' Kilns.
We, ALFRED HENRY MOORE and JOHN WILLIAM MOORE, 25, Warren Street,
Longton, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire, l'otters' Oven and Kiln Builders, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
2
This our invention has reference to an improved construction of enamelling,
hardening-on and Majolica kilns for use in firing earthenware or ceramic articles,
the object of our said invention being to build or erect two firing-chambers or
firing-boxes under one smoke stack or hovel so as to occupy less land or space
than similar kilns built in the ordinary way, to arrange and erect the several flues:
of such kilns in such a manner as to cause the heat generated on their fire-grates
to be evenly distributed around such firing-boxes and economise labour and fuel.
In order that our said invention may be more readily understood and explained
in detail we have hereunto annexed two sheets of drawings on which letters of
reference are marked on corresponding parts on all the figures alike.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation through one of the firing-boxes of
a kiln erected according to our invention.
Figure 2 is a transverse sectional elevation of the kiln shewn at Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan view beneath the floor of one of the firing chambers
shewn at Figures 1 and 2 taken on the line A-B of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan view taken on the line CD of Figure 1 beneath
the floor of one of the firing-chambers, and
Figure 5 is a sectional plan view taken on the line E-F of Figure 1 above the
floor of such firing-chambers.
On reference to the drawings hereto annexed a represents a horizontal or nearly
horizontal concrete or like suitable foundation of suitable thickness which we
cover with fire-brick quarries or fire-brick 6 of suitable thickness, on or around
such foundation we erect side and end walls c, d of suitable height and thickness

page_text: of ordinary brickwork, the inner side or surface of which walls we cover with
fire-brick quarries or fire-brick c, d of suitable thickness, and mid-way or about
mid-way between such side walls we erect a longitudinal wall e of suitable height
and thickness of ordinary brickwork so that two firing-chambers f, g, may be
erected side by side above the said foundation a, each side surface of such wall e
being covered with fire-brick quarries or fire-brick es of suitable thickness.
About mid-way between the said division, wall e and each side wall c we erect
a vertical or nearly vertical fire-brick mid-feather wall h of suitable height and
thickness so as to extend from one end wall to the other end wall, and mid-way
or about mid-way of the length of such kilns we erect a vertical or nearly vertical
fire-brick wall i of suitable thickness at right-angles or at about right-angles to,
and of similar height to the said longitudinal mid-feather wall h, against each
side wall and each side of the division e we have shewn fire-brick pillars ; of
suitable size and similar in height to the longitudinal and transverse mid-feather
walls h, i so as to form flues k of suitable width.
Upon such mid-feather walls h, i and pillars j we lay fire-brick quarries of
suitable thickness so as to form a floor or floors f, g2 to extend from side to side
and from end to end of such kilns, and upon such floor or floors f³, g at a suitable
distance from their side walls we erect a wall c³ of fire-brick or fire-brick quarries
of suitable thickness so as to leave a space c' of suitable width between such walls,
and we erect or carry a curved fire-brick crown or covering of suitable thickness
above so as to extend from side to side and from end to end of such kilns, the
space between the walls at the end of such kilns opposite to the end wall in
which the entrance door is fitted or fixed we invariably make the same width as
the space between the side walls, the space between the side walls we divide by
means of fire-brick walls extending from the fire-brick pillars ; up to the 'crown
of such firing-boxes into a number of suitable flues y, and in the space between
the end walls we fix a number of fire-bricks w at a suitable distance apart so
as to break-up or spread the ascending heat, gases and smoke, and to keep the
wall at a suitable distance from the wall d
The inner side or surface of the metallic door or doors we line or cover with
fire-brick,gannister or the like suitable refractory material of suitable thickness,
and at each end of such kilns at a suitable distance above their foundation we
construct suitable fire-holes, so that it will be readily understood that one or both
fire-holes may be used for heating such firing-boxes or firing-chambers.
After fuel in one or both fire-holes 7, 7 has been lighted the heat and smoke
or gases generated will pass from the said fire-holes into the space beneath the
firing-box floors, and is deflected upward by the bricks as on the surface of the
foundation floor towards the underside of the said firing-box floors, up to or as
far as the transverse mid-feather walls i and ascends through the flues k, y in
the side walls to the crown of such firing-boxes, where the heat and smoke or
gases from opposite side flues meet and mingle and pass therefrom through
apertures m in the fire-brick crown of such firing-boxes into a smoke stack or
hovel n surmounting such firing-boxes where such heat and gases meet and
mingle with the heat, smoke and gases rscaping from the upper end of the end
flues d³, from which smoke-stack the waste or spent heat, gases and smoke escape
into the atmosphere. One or more suitable grids, slides or shutters may be fitted
or fixed in any suitable position in the end wall of such firing boxes or firing-
chambers which is opposite to the entrance to same for the purpose of admitting
air when desired into the flues P.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
The construction of enamelling, hardening-on and Majolica kilns for use in
firing articles made of or from earthenware, with two firing-boxes or firing-
chambers built side by side with the several flues or passages, mid-feather walls

page_text: and pillars beneath the floor of such firing-boxes, the several side flues, a directly
fired flue at one of their ends with bricks or deflectors arranged therein for splitting-
up or spreading the heat, gases and smoke, and a firing-hole at each of their ends
arranged in the manner as herein substantially described set forth and illustrated
on the drawings hereto annexed.