IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR MAR
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hemingway, of Robert Town, in the County
of York, Artist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
MAR
Sealed the 28th January 1862, and dated the 9th August 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hemingway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1861.
I, JAMES HEMINGWAY, of Robert Town, in the County of York, Artist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING COAL, IRONSTONE, OR OTHER MINERALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a machine intended to assist the workman and to
facilitate the working of mines of coal, cannel, ironstone, fireclay, and other
minerals, and consists of a series of drills arranged in a suitable frame, and
driven simultaneously by steam or other power, or by manual labor. These
drills are to be furnished with cutters of various dimensions and different
shapes to suit the particular material to be operated on, and are to be
employed for the purpose of making either horizontal, oblique, or perpendicular
cuttings called "barings" or "under cuttings."
The drills may be applied and worked in any number which may be found

page_text: expedient and most convenient, and their action may be regulated at the
pleasure of the person working the machine.
The machine may be applied to the driving of "headings" or straight
work, as well as to the working of coal or other minerals, by making suitable
slight variations in the mode of application.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Hemingway in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HEMINGWAY, of Robert Town, in the County of York, Artist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight bundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Hemingway, Her special licence that I, the said James Hemingway, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Hemingway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING COAL, IRONSTONE, OR OTHER MINERALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Hemingway, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Hemingway, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, and on reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a machine intended to assist the workman and to
facilitate the working of mines of coal, stone, shale, cannel, ironstone, fireclay,

page_text: and other material or minerals, and consists of a series of revolving drills or
augers, arranged in a suitable frame, and driven simultaneously by steam or
other power, or by manual labor. These drills are to be furnished with
cutters of various dimensions and different shapes to suit the particular
material or mineral to be operated on, and are to be employed for the purpose
of making either horizontal, oblique, or perpendicular cuttings called
"barings" or "under.cuttings," vertical or end cuttings, or any other cuttings
required to facilitate the working of the material or mineral under operation.
The drills may be applied and worked in any number which may be found
expedient and most convenient, and their action may be regulated, at the
pleasure of the person working the machine.
The machine may be applied to the driving of "headings" or straight
work, as well as to the working of coal or other material or minerals by
making suitable slight variations in the mode of application.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "Improvements
in Machinery or Apparatus for Working Coal, Ironstone, or other Minerals,"
I will now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same
is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect. And in order that
the same may be distinctly understood, I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of
Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures and
letters of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof. And I would here remark that for the sake of illustration I have
shown in the annexed Drawings a machine furnished with four drills or
augers arranged in a horizontal line, such drills or augers being driven or
caused to revolve by means of cords passing around pullies; but it will be
evident that the drills may be used in any number or position desired, and that
they may be driven by spur or other gearing, being placed closer together or
further apart as may be deemed most expedient.
In the annexed Drawing Figure 1 represents a side view of a machine
made according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a view of the driving end of
the same; Figure 3 is a vertical section taken through about the line A, B, in
Figure 1, and Figure 4 is a half-plan or horizontal, section taken through
about the line C, D, in Figure 3.
a, a, is the wooden framework of the machine supporting in suitable
bearings the main driving shaft b, b, to which rotary motion is given by
manual labor applied direct to the handle c, or, the machine may be driven by
steam or other power. This shaft communicates motion by a pair of spur
wheels d, d, to a screw e, e, one end of which is supported in the rail f, f.
which carries the small grooved pulleys g, g, through which the drills or

page_text: augers pass. These pulleys g, g, are caused to revolve by means of cords or
gut bands passing round them and round the large grooved pulley h, h, keyed
on the driving shaft b, b; i, i, is the drill frame, which carries the backward
ends of the drills or augers k, k, k, k, and is furnished at or near its centre with
a screwed boss l, l, which works on the screw e, e, so that as the screw revolves
the drills or augers are thrust forwards (as shown by the dotted lines) the
The shafts or stems
ends of the drill frame sliding on the guide rods m, m.
of the drills are represented in the Drawing as square in their sectional form,
and passing through square holes or sockets in the centre of their respective
pullies, so that at the same time that the pulleys cause them to revolve they
can slide forwards or backwards according as the screw e, e, is turned either
to the right or the left; but I wish it to be understood that I do not intend
to confine myself to such form as they may be made round, polygonal, or any
other shape, and may be either hollow shells or solid, grooved, twisted, or straight,
as may be found most suitable for the work to be done. The cutting head
of the drills may also be of any form best adapted to the strata to be operated
upon. The drills may also be arranged so as to cut or bore at the base, in
the middle, at the top, or at the side of the coal or other strata simul-
taneously; or any or each of these cuttings or borings may be performed
separately.
by
In using this apparatus the bandle c must be turned to the left until the
screw e, e, has brought the drill frame and drills or augers back as far as they
will go, that is, nearly up to the wheel d. The machine is then placed
opposite to the coal or other strata to be drilled or bored, and properly stayed
"struts," or otherwise, to prevent it from moving from its place. The
handle is then turned to the right, and the drills commence to revolve and to
advance slowly forwards, boring or drilling into the coal or other strata until
they reach the position shown by dotted lines. The handle is then reversed,
the drills withdrawn, and the machine removed to another position. A row
of holes being drilled the coal in the spaces between them is easily removed,
and any mass of coal or other mineral being thus isolated may be detached
by driving in wedges, or otherwise, as is well understood by the miner.
The machine may be mounted on wheels, so as to run on the tramway or
railway of the mine, and may be provided with any suitable reversing gear
for the purpose of throwing the drills out of gear, and withdrawing them
quickly when they have arrived at the position shown in dotted lines.
66
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Working Coal, Ironstone, or
other Minerals," together with the manner in which the same is to be or may

page_text: be performed or carried into practical effect, I would remark in conclusion,
that I claim as my Invention the combination for such purposes of a series
of drills or augers arranged in a frame, and caused to advance and revolve
simultaneously, being driven either by manual labor, or by steam, or other
power.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hemingway, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JAMES HEMINGWAY. (L.S.)