IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hudson, of the South Shields Flint Glass
Works, South Shields, in the County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS FOR
MEASURING FLUIDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Hudson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st September 1854.
I, HENRY HUDSON, of the South Shields Flint Glass Works, South Shields,
in the County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS POR
HEAUURING FLUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the inoulding or shaping of glass measures of
capacity of various kinds by pressure, instead of by the ordinary manual process
as hitherto employed. In making an inverted bell or trumpet mouthed vessel
or cup of this class, such as is universally used by retail druggists, for example,
a divided inould, which when closed presents an internal section, corresponding
to the external section of the intended measure; is used. Into this mould the

page_text: required amount of "metal" or melted glass is dropped in the usual way, and
the extremity of a plunger, which corresponds to the interior of the measure,
is then brought down by a press action to mould or shape the measure by a
single movement. The plunger is then withdrawn, when the moulded vessel
may be taken out by opening the mould in the usual way. An air pump may
be used to exhaust the air from the mould, so as to render the moulding much
more accurate than if bubbles were allowed to form. Solid or undivided
moulds may obviously be used for measures, which can be extricated clear off
from such a mould by reason of their having no "under cut" or projecting
portions; but with the divided mould, the press will form the measures with
their feet or bases complete, as well as with their spouts and flanges.
The graduations of these measures are also made at the time of moulding,
so as to turn out the measure in a complete state. In moulding the foot of
the measure, it is preferred to shape it in the actual mould to an inverted cup
form, as the glass is moulded sharper in this way. This cup is afterwards
heated on removal from the mould, and opened out to the shape desired. Each
size of measure has of course its own mould contrived to form a measure to a
given standard with perfect accuracy. Thus any number of copies of a measure
may be formed all equally correct, the irregularities inseperable from the
manual process being completely obviated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Hudson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th March 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
IUDSON, of the South Shields Flint Glass Works, South Shields, in the
County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Henry Hudson, Her special license that I, the said Henry Hudson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Hudson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during

page_text: the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF VESSELS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Hudson, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Hudson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the moulding or shaping of glass measures of
capacity of various kinds by pressure, instead of by the ordinary manual
process as hitherto employed. In making an inverted bell or trumpet mouthed
vessel or cup of this class, such as is universally used by retail druggists, for
example, a divided mould, which when closed presents an internal section,
corresponding to the external section of the intended measure, is used. Into
this mould the required amount of "metal" or melted glass is dropped in the
usual way, and the extremity of a plunger, which corresponds to the interior
of the measure, is then brought down by a press action to mould or shape the
measure by a single movement. The plunger is then withdrawn, when the
moulded vessel may be taken out by opening the mould in the usual way. An
air pump may be used to exhaust the air from the mould, so as to render the
moulding much more accurate than if bubbles were allowed to form.
Solid or undivided moulds may obviously be used for measures, which can
be extricated clear off from such a mould by reason of their having no
"under cut" or projecting portions; but with the divided inould, the press
will form the measuro with their feet or bases complete, as well as with their
spouts and flanges. The graduations of these measures may also be made at
the time of moulding, so as to turn out the measure in a complete state. In
moulding the foot of the measure, it is preferred to shape it in the actual
mould to an inverted cup form, as the glass is moulded sharper in this way.
This cup is afterwards heated on removal from the mould, and opened out to
the shape desired. Each size of measure has of course its own mould con-

page_text: trived to form a measure to a given standard with perfect accuracy. Thus
any number of copies of a measure may be formed all equally correct,
the irregularities inseparable from the manual process being completely
obviated.
And in order that my said Invention may be more readily understood,
I shall now proceed to describe the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a vertical section of a plunger and
mould in the act of forming a glass measure, and Figure 2 is a vertical
section of the measure complete. A, A, represents a divided mould of cast
iron or other suitable material, the interior of such mould corresponding to
the exterior of the measure. B is a plunger connected with a press of any
convenient kind, which plunger corresponds exactly in size and shape with
the interior of the measure to be formed. C, C, represents the glass of which
the measure is composed. The mould in the Drawing is represented as being
made in two pieces, and opening down the middle, as the under cut formed by
the foot D of the measure would effectually prevent its removal from the
mould, if the latter were not divided. I prefer to make the foot of the measure
in the mould in the form of an inverted cup, as shewn in the Drawing,
Figure 1, whereby a sharper moulding is obtained than if the foot were
moulded flat. This cup when the measure is taken out of the mould is heated
and opened out to the shape desired, as shewn in Figure 2. The spout E of
the measure is formed either by the action of the plunger and mould, as shewn
in Figure 1; or it may be formed afterwards by hand, when the measure is in
a heated state, as in Figure 2. The graduations of the measure may be made
during the time of moulding by having corresponding slight recesses made in
the mould, but I prefer to cut the graduations in the measure in the ordinary
manner after it has been shaped in the mould. It may be found desirable in
some cases to extract the air from the mould to prevent the formation of
bubbles in the glass. This may be readily effected by connecting the mould
with an air pump or other exhausting apparatus.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
leviating from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention

page_text: secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is, the
system or mode of making glass measures by the aid of pressure and a
plunger and mould or matrix, the plunger corresponding in shape and size to
the interior of the measure, while the interior of the mould or matrix corresponds
in shape and size to the exterior of the measure.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Hudson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twentieth day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
HENRY HUDSON. (L.B.)