IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WARPING AND SIZING OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bullough, of Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, John Walmsley and David Whittaker, of Black-
burn, in the same County, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WARPING AND SIZING OR OTHERWISE
PREPARING YARNS OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN."
Sealed the 22nd March 1854, and dated the 7th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bullough,
John Walmsley, and David Whittaker, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th October
1859.
We, JAMES BULLOUGH, JOHN WALMSLEY, and DAVID WHITTAKER,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WARPING AND SIZING OR OTHERWISE PRE-
PARING YARNS OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN " to be as follows:-
Firstly, we propose to use a series leashes in the warping mill with
a self, acting stop motion, by which we shall dispense with the use of
them in the sizing machine.
Secondly, a marking apparatus in the warping mill instead of the
sizing machine.

page_text: Thirdly, au arrangement of mechanism in the sizing machine for
raising the beams by means of a quadrant, radial arm, or similar con-
trivance to regulate the slack of the yarn preparatory to furnishing the
frame with fresh bearers, which will dispense with what is technically
termed twisting in.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Bullough, John Walmsley, and David
Whittaker in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
JAMES BULLOUоH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, JOHN
WALMSLEY and DAVID WHITTAKER, of Blackburn, in the same County,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said James Bullough, John
Walmsley, and David Whittaker, Her special licence that we, the said
James Bullough, Johu Walmsley, and David Whittaker, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James
Bullough, John Walmsley, and David Whittaker, our executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR WARPING AND SIZING OR OTHERWISE PREPARING YARNS
OR WARPS TO BE WOVEN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said James Bullough, John Walmsley, and David Whittaker, by
an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Bullough, do hereby de-
clare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say):
Our Invention relates, firstly, to an improved method of winding the
yarn from the bobbins to the beam, technically called warping, by
which we can put in any number of leases at the warping mill with
the greatest case and certainty. This we accomplish by arranging the
bobbins in the crcel in such a manner that half the number of threads
shall be on the upper part of the warping creel and the other half on
the lower part of it. The threads taken from the top and bottom part
of the creel being thus divided, and a cord or other contrivance being
kept between them for the more perfect separation thereof, it will be
easily understood that by passing a lath or stick between such separa-
tion of the threads, and allowing it to pass with them to the front of
the mill where the person in charge inserts the requisite cord to form
the lease, and then takes out the lath or stick, and so repeats the pro-
cess whenever it is necessary. And in order to economise space, and
guide the requisite number of threads from the front comb and lay
them side by side on the yarn beam, we make the dents of the front
comb a little angular, which has the effect of guiding the yarn in the
required direction and confining the threads to the space or length of
the beam.
Secondly, in using a marking apparatus at the warping mill, which
we accomplish by means of a horizontal shaft at the end of the mill,
which receives motion from the middle roller or cylinder and comniuni-
cates with a vertical rod at the front extending to. the top of the mill
just in front of the comb, where is fixed a small box or vessel contain-
ing the ncessary ingredient for marking, which ingredient is absorbed
by soine porous material, as woollen cloth or other similar substance.
The said horizontal shaft is moved or receives motion from the roller

page_text: shaft by a worm or notched wheel, or other similar contrivance, so
that the said horizontal shaft acts upon the vertical rod, and thus causes
a small hammer or marker to fall upon the threads and press them
upon the marking ingredient at the proper times required to denote the
number of yards that have passed through the mill, the said length
being regulated or calculated by the number of revolutions of the
roller or cylinder. These marks are for the purpose of shewing the
workman at the sizing machine how to regulate the weighting of the
back beams, so that the next leases may come off at one and the saine
time. We use the ordinary self-acting stop motion to stop the mill
when the proper number of marks have been made to calculate the
length of the warp, and to allow the operator to put in the lease which
keeps the threads separate; thus it will be clearly understood that
all the warp beams will have an equal length of yarn or warp
threads upon them, and when they are taken to the sizing machine
all will commence and finish at one and the same time.
Thirdly, to an arrangement of the mechanism of the sizing machine
which, in consequence of and by virtue of the aforesaid improvements
in the warping mill, we are enabled to size a greater number of
warps in the same time and in a more economical manner than
hath hitherto been accomplished; because by making the leases
and marking the warps at the warping mill, we are enabled to
dispense with the use of the healds and reeds in the sizing machine,
thus dispensing with the necessity of tieing or twirling the warp
threads end to end singly, when refilling the machine with back
beams, which is of course a considerable saving of time; and by
having fewer yarn threads broken, and fewer stoppages, the work must
be better and more efficiently performed. The machine is also less
costly; and changing from one sort to another, and taking up ends when
broken, can be accomplished in considerably less time than by the ma-
chines now in use. By this part of our improvements we are also
enabled to use any convenient number of yarn beams, and pass or
convey the threads under and over each beam until they all arrive at
the sizing trough, and go through the squeezing rollers and drying
cylinders without being obstructed by healds or reeds as aforesaid.

page_text: Another of our improveuients relating to the sizing machine consists
of an apparatus for regulating the tension of the yarn after passing
over or through the drying cylinder to the beams, which we accomplish
by fixing a small friction pully on the end of the axle of the winding-on
shaft, and another on the end of the friction roller, the said two
friction pullies being driven by the winding-on shaft by means of a
strap, band, or other similar contrivance. The necessary tension of
the yarn is thus obtained by the difference of speed of the said pullies
being caused by the difference in the rapidity of their respective
revolutions.
These our said improvements will be clearly understood by refer-
ence to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same
letters of reference are used to represent similar parts where different
views or diagrams are shewn. Fig. 1, is an end view of a warping
mill shewing the warp threads as proceeding from the creel, with the
string or cord in the centre to separate the upper and lower threads
for the purpose of leasing. Fig. 2, is a front elevation of the same;
and Figs. 3, and 4, are views of another method of working our
marking apparatus shewn separately for the more clear clucidation
thereof. Fig. 5, is a side view of part of the sizing machine, shewing
tho friction pullies and strap for the purpose of regulating the stress or
tension of the yarn; and Fig. 6, is another view of the same, shewing
the manner we convey the warp threads from one beam to another, so
as to carry all the warps to the sizing trough and through the squecze
rollers and drying cylinders at the same time.
In Fig. 1, a represents the drum or cylinder; b, a toothed wheel
fixed on the shaft of the said drum or cylinder which gives motion
to the worm-c, by means of the small wheel d, which moves the
horizontal shaft e, so that during its revolutions the crank f, on
the said shaft c, presses down the lever g, which moves on the pivot h.
The crank leaving the lever end at a certain point, the other end of
the said lever g, falls upon the lever j, one end of which is the marker,
the other end having a weight for the purpose of restoring it to its
ordinary position, after having marked the warp at exactly equal dis-
tances. is the marking box containing the necessary ingredient for

page_text: marking, into which a small roller A, is made to revolve by con-
necting it with the drum shaft z, by means of the cord or band B,
(see Fig. 2.) w, in Figs. 1 and 2, represents the back reed through
which the threads pass in separate dents, and are then conducted by
the roller ; to the cylinder a, which conducts them to the roller p,
the said roller p conducting them to the front reed or comb y, (see
Fig. 2). The dents of the front comb y are fixed in an angular
position, and we put two ends or threads in one dent; one half of the
threads come from the top of the creel, and the other half- from
the bottom of it when one creel is only used, and if the creels are
made separate the same regulation is adopted. We keep the top
threads separate from the bottom ones by means of a rod or similar
contrivance at the back of the front comb, the dents of which being
in an angular position conduct the warp threads to the yarn beam 'o,
just as if they had gone through a comb with double the number of
dents and one thread in a dent. The dents of the back reed are
formed with interstices or spaces and blanks alternately for the purpose
of more easily separating the threads and facilitating the operation of
leasing. Figs. 3 and 4, are views of our marking apparatus worked
in a different manner from that first described. On the sanie shaft as
the roller a, is fixed the worm 1, which working in the wheel m, gives
motion to the horizontal shaft n, at the end of which is the cam o, seen
more clearly in Fig. 3. At every notch in the said cam the bar pis
lifted up in the slots q. The fulcrum of the marker or lever & is at
the top of the bar p, so that when the bar falls back one end of the
lever strikes the stud e suddenly, and causes the other end of it to
press the yarn against the roller in the marking box, and thus mark
the warp at the proper time. In Figs. 5. and 6, z represents the
yarn beams; a¹, the yarn which, in Fig. 6, passes under and over each
.beam alternately for the purpose of making different diameters of
beams equal surface speed and equal tension of the warp threads, so
that the same length of yarn put upon each beam will come off at the
same time with very little attention to the weighting. And here we may
observe again that in consequence of not having any healds or reeds
for the threads to pass through when changing beams, all the threads or

page_text: any portion of them which seem most convenient to the operator can
be tied or knotted together, instead of tieing or twirling each thread
separately, which must be done when healds and reeds are used at the
sizing machine. b, is the friction pully fixed on the winding-on shaft;
c', is the friction pully on the shaft of the friction roller; d', is the
strap or. band driving the said friction pullies, and by means of their
different speeds the stress or tension of the yarn is -regulated. Fig. 7,
shews another of our improvements applicable to the sizing machine,
either with or without healds and reeds, which consists of giving .one
one uniform surface speed to the yarn coming off the yarn beams, and
may be applied to one or more beams to each cylinder; a requisite
length being put on each beam all will come off at one and the same
time, without the aid of weights to give tension to the yarn. as it comes
off the beams. In the ordinary method the weight or friction must be
decreased and regulated according to the decreasing diameters of the
beams, but in this arrangement as the weight or diameter decreases, the
tension of the yarn will be sufficiently uniform, and any irregularity
in the beams cannot affect any one beam, as they will all partake
of such irregularities through the influence of the cylinder or cylin-
ders. If more than one cylinder is used, they are connected by a
strap, cord, gearing, or any other mechanical arrangement.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of our said
Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect,
we desire. it to be distinctly understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified
without departing from the principle thereof. But we claim as of our
Invention, and which to the best of our knowledge and belief has not
been hitherto used within this realm,-firstly, the method of forming
the lease, and putting any number of them upon the 'warp beams at
any given length; secondly, the marking apparatus; thirdly, the
method of conveying the warp threads from the yarn beams to the
size trough without healds or reeds, and tieing any number of the
warp threads together at the refilling of the machine with back beams;
and, fourthly, the method of regulating the stress or tension of the

page_text: warp threads, as all such improvements are herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bullough, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named James
Bullough, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
JAMES BULLOUGH. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.