CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES AND MACHINERY, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
FORRESTER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth
did, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bear-
ing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of September, in the second year of His
reign, give and grant unto me, the said George Forrester, His especial licence,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Forrester, my exors,
admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said George Forrester, my
exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES AND MACHINERY, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said George Forrester, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Forrester, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are described and
9

page_text: ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawing hereunto annexed (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in a peculiar mode of combining cast iron with
wrought or malleable iron in the construction of wheels of all descriptions
(excepting those of such small dimensions as the wheels of clocks and watches),
and in the application of the same principle of construction to the framing for
steam engines and machinery, the arches of bridges, and in every case in which
cast-iron framing may be employed, and wherein great strength and lightness
are desiderata. My mode of accomplishing the aforesaid combination is as
follows: I make a skeleton or light frame of wrought iron or steel, of the
This
shape of the article required, but of considerably less dimensions.
skeleton I render bright, free from oxide, and clean, by any convenient
operation, such as grinding, scouring, and filing, to adapt it to receive a
coating of lead or bismuth, or tin or zinc, or any mixture of those metals, such
coating being performed by similar means to that used in the well-known
process called "tinning." The article to be cast, having been moulded in
sand (or loam), in the common way, the skeleton, coated as before mentioned,
is carefully laid in the middle of the respective parts of the mould, projecting
pieces being attached to the skeleton to keep it in its proper place. The mould
is now to be closed, and the cavities formed by the pattern are to be filled up
with fluid cast iron, which completes the operation. By this mode of imbodying
or enveloping wrought iron or steel skeletons of the shape of the intended
article with cast iron the latter material is not injured in its tenacity, while the
former is considerably improved, and thus the important qualities of toughness
and infrangibility are introduced into forms more perfect and structures more
solid than be obtained in wrought iron alone.
To prevent any misconception, I annex a Drawing illustrative of the
construction of one of the leading objects of my Invention, that of wheels for
railway carriages, and which will also serve satisfactorily to explain the mode
of applying the principle of construction to the purposes before named.
Figure 1 exhibits a side view of the wrought-iron or skeleton framing
before described.
Figure 2 shows an edge or outside view of the peripheral ring of the
skeleton, showing its proportional breadth, and containing a number of holes
made throughout its circumference, for the purpose of allowing the fluid iron
in casting to flow through the holes, and fix itself in a solid mass around the
skeleton.
Figure 3 represents a section of the wheel in the line of its motion, the
faintly-coloured portion shewing the skeleton imbodied in the cast iron, which
is denoted by the dark grey colour.

page_text: Figure 4 shows a section of the wheel through its diameter, including two of
he spokes; and,
Figure 5 affords a perspective view of the entire wheel.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Forrester, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-two.
Inrolled the Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-two.