Year: 1886

page_text: I, ROBERT STONE, of 101, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows :-
Now, the object of my invention is to obtain pure iron or steel direct from the ore
by the one smelting process.
Firstly in order to carry out my purpose I saturate or soak the ore or fuel or chalk
or flux or any or either of them in spirit of petroleum or petroleum or any other high
heating inflammable liquid or liquids. Then I saturate or soak the materials aforesaid,
or any or either of them with vitriol or oil of vitriol or I may sometimes mix the whole
or any or either of the liquids together before using or I may use them separately when
thought necessary.
When lime or limestone or chalk is found convenient, I use either or any of them
instead of using coke or coals, as the aforesaid liquid or liquids will create an intense
beat, when the lime or limestone or chalk is saturated or soaked in them before using.
In some instances when I require iron or steel of an extra super quality I run it
into tanks direct from the blast furnace inside those tanks, I fix racks or divisions of
indestructible material and by a rocking or rolling motion of the tanks which can he
arranged, the molten iron or steel is blended or rendered perfectly homogeneous those
tanks can be lined by my patent plaster or any other indestructible material.
When the molten iron or steel is run into the tanks I may, if thought proper, infuse
any or either of the aforesaid, liquids into the tanks for a further refining purpose.
And to further carry out my purpose, and reduce or do away with the enormous
expense of rolling mills, beside producing manufactured iron and steel far more solid
and durable, I propose to run the molten iron or steel into moulds or dies of any shape
or form, and by the to and fro action of heavy rolls fitted to meet the shape of the
dies or moulds, the fibre in the manufactured inaterial is secured. Before the rolls are
applied to the dies or moulds the molten material is allowed to take its shape. Under
those moulds or dies a heat can be procured from the furnace to prevent the cooling
action too quickly while rolling.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: I, ROBERT STONE, of 101 Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of my invention is to obtain pure iron or steel direct from the ore, by one
smelting process.
In carrying out my invention, I saturate or soak the ore or fuel, or chalk or flux, or
any or either of them, in spirit of petroleum, or petroleum, or any other highly heating
inflammable liquid or liquids. I then also saturate or soak the aforesaid materials, or
any or either of them, with vitriol, or oil of vitriol; or I may sometimes mix the whole
or any or either of the liquids together before using, or I may use them separately
when considered necessary; or I reverse the above process.
When lime, limestone, or chalk is conveniently obtainable, I use either or all or any
of such lime limestone or chalk instead of using coke or coals, as the aforesaid liquid
or liquids when mixed therewith previously to firing creates an intense heat, when
burning.
In some instances, when I require iron or steel of an extra and superior quality, I
run the molten metal into tanks direct from the blast furnace. Inside these tanks,
fix racks or divisions of indestructible material, and by imparting a rocking or rolling
motion to the tanks, the molten iron or steel is blended, or rendered perfectly
homogeneous. These tanks can be lined with my improved plaster or any other
indestructible material.
When the molten iron or steel is run into the tanks I sometimes infuse inject or mix
an additional supply of any or either of the aforesaid liquids with the molten metal in
the tanks for effecting a further refining of the same.
And to further carry out my invention, and reduce the expense attending the use of
rolling mills, besides producing manufactured iron and steel of superior nature in
solidity and durability.
I sometimes run the molten metal into moulds or dies of any required form, and, by
the reciprocating action of heavy rolls, approximating to the shape of the dies or
moulds, a fibrous material is produced.
The accompanying drawings are intended to illustrate this part of my invention.
Fig. 1 is a section, and Fig. 2 an elevation. a is a mould, the underside of which
is heated to a high temperature. is the plastic metal, and c is the roll, which is
rolled to and fro, or backward and forward upon the metal. Figs. 3 and 4 are
respectively a section and elevation, shewing another form of mould a and approxi-
mating rolls c, b being the metal under treatment.
In order to facilitate the removal of impurities from the metal, I sometimes mix
therewith river mud, alumina, clay, or other suitable substances.

page_text: By my improved method of treating the ores, all the phosphorus and carbon are
removed, and a hard close grain is secured to the metal; and, in the manufacture of
steel, the exact per centage of carbon can be secured with certainty, and much time
and labor is saved in the process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to he performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1 The application and use of inflammable liquids, by adding the same to the ore
or other materials, substantially as herein before described.
2 The application and use of vitriol or oil of vitriol, by adding the same to the
aforesaid mixtures, substantially as herein before described.
3 The general combination of materials and application of the same together
constituting my improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel, substantially as
herein before described.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.