A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO POWER AND HAND LOOMS
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
BOTTOMLEY, of South Crossland, in the Parish of Almondbury, in the County
of York, Clothier, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirteenth day of September, in the second year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edwin Bottomley, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Edwin Bottomley, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Edwin Bottomley, my exors, admors, and assigns, should'
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO POWER AND HAND LOOMS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Edwin Bottomley, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edwin Bottomley, do declare the nature of my Invention of a certain

page_text: improvement or improvements applicable to power and hand looms to consist
in the construction and arrangement of certain mechanism or apparatus,
which being applied to power or hand looms, renders the delivery of the
warp from the warp beam more regular and equal during the process of
weaving than in looms to which my improvement or improvements are not
applied, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried
into effect is set forth and described in the annexed Drawings and the fol-
lowing description thereof. In these Drawings it will be remarked that the
scale is marked thereon, and that the same figures and letters of reference
indicate the same parts throughout the whole of the Drawings:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the back elevation of a woollen loom of the ordinary
construction to which my improvements are applied; Figures 2 and 3 are
side views of the same for the purpose of shewing the position in which my
improvement or improvements are applied; Figure 4 is a plan of my appa-
ratus, and. Figure 5 a side view of the same drawn to a larger scale for the
purpose of rendering my Invention more easily understood, and the part in
which my improvement or improvements consists is colored blue to distinguish
it from the ordinary parts of the loom. The warp beam A is placed in the
usual position, and contains the warp which passes over the carrying roller B,
after which it is woven, and passes over the breast beam C, and is deposited
or taken up on the cloth beam D; on the shaft E is placed a cylindrical
eccentric e, e, best seen at Figure 4, which imparts an alternating movement
to the forked piece f,f, by which it is embraced. The arm or connecting bar
of this forked piece is provided with a mortice or slot through which one of
the arms of the bell-crank lever 9, 9, passes. To the opposite arm of the
bell-crank lever 9, 9, is attached the connecting rod H, by which motion is
conveyed to the lever I, which vibrates on the centre of the upright shaft, K;
this lever I is furnished with a small stud or pin, on which the pinion / and
also the ratchet wheel M revolve, these wheels being connected with each
other); the small pinion e is geerd into the spur wheel N, which is fixed to
the shaft K. To this shaft is also keyed the worm O which actuates. the
worm wheel P, and consequently the warp beam A, on the shaft of which
the worm wheel P is placed. Thus, the rotation of the shaft E imparts to
the warp beam a giving-off motion in a. ratio corresponding with the number
of vibrations of the lay or slay, which would remain uniform and alike during
the whole of the weaving process. But as it is obvious that a greater amount
of warp would be given off the larger diameter of a full warp beam than

page_text: where the diameter is reduced, hence it is required' that the warp beam
increases its speed of rotation as the diameter becomes less, thereby ensuring
an equal amount of warp given off at each stroke of the lay or slay whatever
may be the diameter of the warp beam. I shall now proceed to describe how
I effect the required increase of speed to the warp beam A:-A small roller.
of wood or other suitable material marked T is supported, as shewn in the
Drawing, by a perpendicular sliding piece q moving free in a slot in the
framework of the loom, as seen in Figure 1, 4, 5;. affixed to this support is.
a rack continuing downwards, and working into the pinion r on the shaft R,
at the opposite extremity of which is another pinion, marked s, working into.
the rack attached to the sliding carriage U; on the shaft R is a small pulley
provided with a cord, to which is suspended a weight for the purpose of
keeping the small roller T constantly pressing upon the under side of the
warp. By this contrivance the reduction in the diameter of the warp on the
warp beam as it is consumed in the weaving process allows the roller T to.
rise, which conveys a traverse motion to the carriage u in the direction of
the arrow, seen at Figures. 4, and brings. it nearer to the centre or fulcrum
of the bell-crank lever g, g, which has the effect of increasing the range or
space through which the opposite arm of the lever vibrates, and thus
ducing an increased vibration in the lever I, which by means of the dog or
catch, gathers more teeth in the wheel M, and consequently increases the
speed of revolution of the warp beam A, thereby compensating for the
decreased diameter, as already explained, and thus an equal and uniform.
delivery is effected during the whole of the weaving process. On the arm of
the bell-crank lever g, g, to which the connecting rod H is attached, will be
seen a series of small holes, and it is by connecting the rod H to any one of.
these holes either nearer or further from the fulcrum of the bell-crank lever
that the amount of vibration of the lever I is at first determined, and either
greater or less amount of warp is delivered from the beam after each vibration
of the lay or slay, according to the nature of the fabric to be woven.
pro-
Now, although I have only described. the. application of my. Invention in.
one way and to one description of. loom, it is obvious that such application
may be varied, and that a similar effect would be produced by reversing the
action of the rack 9 and applying the apparatus to the cloth beam D; but all
such variations must depend on the nature of the material to be woven and
the construction of the loom to which my Invention is to be applied, and the
proper application also must depend on the judgment of the party to whom
the weaving is entrusted.
Having now described the nature of my Invention of a certain improve-

page_text: ment or improvements applicable to power and hand looms, together with
the manner in which the same is to be performed and carried into effect,
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim any of the ordinary or well-
known parts of the loom, as delineated or shewn in the annexed Drawings,
for the purpose of rendering the application of my Invention better under-
stood; nor do I claim any separate or well-known parts of my improvement or
improvements, as herein-before delineated and described at Figures 4 and 5;
but I do claim as my Invention the apparatus or combination of such parts
as are more particularly set forth and described at Figures 4 and 5 in the
annexed Drawing, or any modification thereof, the characteristic of such
Invention being the modifying of the amount of vibration of the lever I (by
which the giving-off of warp from the warp beam A is governed) by means
of the decreasing diameter of the warp on the warp beam during the process
of weaving; and such my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and
belief new, and never before used in this kingdom, I deliver this as my true
and faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Bottomley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our
Land One thousand sight hundred and thirty-nine