matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING OILS FROM MINERALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOB
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Bennie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1869.
I, GEORGE BENNTE, of Kinning Park, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Oil Engineer and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTILLING OILS FROM
MINERALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOB," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to improve the action of the primary
distillatory process ordinarily employed for obtaining oil from minerals,
and consists in introducing superheated steam by means of a peculiar
appliance in such a way as, whilst acting on the vapor from the
minerals by virtue of its heated condition, to also carry forward the
vapor away from the still or retort, and so serve as an effective
exhauster. The steam thus employed, and which may be heated to a
temperature of 500 degrees Fahrenheit or upwards, is introduced by
means of a nozzle directed along the centre of the outlet pipe from the

page_text: still or retort, and placed at or near the entrance from the still or retort
into the pipe. The nozzle terminates in an expanding mouth or cup
with which the bore of the pipe communicates by one or more, and by
preference, several minute perforations, and this construction causes the
steam to spread so as to act more effectively on the vapor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Foster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1869.
I, FREDERICK FOSTER, of Lansdowne Cottage, Essex Road, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in pressure gauges.
I employ as heretofore a diaphragm, on which the steam or fluid of which
the pressure is to be measured is caused to act in such manner as to
deflect it more or less proportionally to the pressure. This diaphragm I
arrange parallel to the dial or front of the instrument, and I connect it
therewith by toggle levers. These levers carry between them a rack
which is thus caused to move in a direction parallel to the dial. When
the diaphragm is deflected the rack in so moving drives a pinion on the
axis of the index or hand of the instrument, which in this way receives
its motion. By this arrangement I make the instrument more compact
and portable than heretofore, and it can be more easily and cheaply
constructed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CASK SPILE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald Archibald Sinclair
Mackintosh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th April 1869.
I, DONALD ARCHIBALD SINCLAIR MACKINTOSH, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED CASK SPILE," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention which relates to an air-tight and self-acting cask spile
consists of a chamber or vessel (herein-after called the chamber), in
which two tubes are fixed. The chamber is formed with closed ends,
and in each end an opening is made. Into the opening at the lower end
of the chamber a tube is inserted, being soldered or otherwise fixed
therein. The part of the tube which is situated inside the chamber
extends upwards to very nearly the top of the chamber, and the portion
of the tube which is situated outside the chamber is that by which the
improved spile is fixed into the cask. In the upper end of the chamber
a hole is also formed, and to it a tube is connected, the tube extending
to very nearly the bottom of the chamber.

page_text: When in use the chamber is partly filled with water, and the action of
the spile is as follows:-When liquor is being drawn off from the cask
in which the spile is fixed a partial vacuum is formed in the upper part
of the cask; this allows the atmospheric pressure to depress the water in
the tube connected to the upper end of the chamber, and also permits a
proportional quantity of air to pass down through the tube, which after-
wards ascends through the water in the chamber, and passes down
through the other tube into the vacuous space of the cask.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS OR COVERS FOR THE TOPS OF BOTTLES AND OTHER LIKE RECEPTACLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Willoughby Montgomery Moore
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th May 1869.
I, WILLOUGHBY MONTGOMERY MOORE, of Balscadden Howth, in the
County of Dublin, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPS OR COVERS FOR THE TOPS OF BOTTLES
AND OTHER LIKE RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of caps or covers intended
to be applied to the mouths of bottles, jars, and other like receptacles,
and to be used either in conjunction or not with corks or stoppers as
found requisite.
According to one mode of carrying out my Invention I construct a
hollow cap of india-rubber or other elastic material, which upon being
pressed or sprung on to or over the neck of a bottle effectually closes the
opening and prevents the contents of the bottle from escaping. The lip
or lower edge of the cap by springing into the hollow in the exterior of
the bottle neck effectually secures the cap in its place until required to
be removed, which may be readily done by hand.

page_text: According to another modification I construct the cap of leather,
cloth, or other suitable flexible material cut into a flat cruceform
contour, and pass through the ends of the four arms of the cross an
clastic band or metal spring, which draws the four arms together and
forms a cap. This cap when pushed on to the neck of a bottle will be
held securely in its place by the gripping action of the elastic band or
metal spring.
Another arrangement consists in making a cap or cover from thin
sheet steel stamped or cut to a cruceform contour as in the cap herein-
before last described, but upon the end of each of the four arms a
shoulder or ridge is formed, so that when closed or brought together to
form the cap and pushed on to a bottle the inherent elasticity of the
metal will allow the arms to spring and secure themselves by the action
of the shoulders and the enlargement on the bottle neck in position.
When using the elastic metal cap I fix to the inside of the top of the
cap a piece of cork or other suitable material of a flat, conical, or
cylindrical shape, which rests upon or partly or wholly enters the mouth
of the bottle. In some cases I apply the said cork to the other caps
or covers herein-before described, and for some purposes, when the
necks of the bottles are correspondingly ground, 1 use flat, concave, or
convex glass or other hard substance in lieu of cork or in combination
therewith.
The caps alone without the cork or other stopper fixed thereto may
also be applied with advantage over corks inserted into bottles in the
usual way, and if desired the metal cap may be so shaped as to hold the
cork or stopper without the aid of cement or other special means of
fixing the cork or stopper to the cap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING RANGES, STOVES, AND GRATES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Napier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1869.
I, JOHN NAPIER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING RANGES, STOVES, AND GRATES," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the uniting together
of the separate parts or castings of cooking ranges, stoves, and fire-grates,
has for its object the dispensing with wholly or in part the present
modes of fixing by means of bolts and screws, as well as the necessity
for forming holes to receive them in the parts to be united together, and
the obtainment of a simpler and cheaper mode of joining the parts
together.
The Invention then consists in forming on some of the parts which
are to be fixed together certain projections which enter into corre-
spondingly formed retaining brackets fixed or formed on the other parts
to be united. These parts also have a flunch or strip formed on them

page_text: exterior to the retaining bracket so as to close over the joint, and when
the projections are passed into the retaining brackets the flanches
prevent them from separating, except when it is required to take the
parts asunder, which is effected by sliding them from each other in the
longitudinal direction of the joints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE SETTING THEREOF
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Cockey and Francis
Christopher Cockey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 18th June 1869.
We, HENRY COOKEY and FRANOIS CHRISTOPHER COCKEY, of Frome
Selwood, in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND IN THE SETTING
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of preventing the heat
from boiler fires passing off too quickly into the chimney without
imparting to the water a greater amount of heat than in boilers of the
ordinary construction, and thereby greatly decreasing the consumption
of fuel and reducing the quantity of smoke.
The method we adopt for retaining the heat is by fixing to the boiler
what we call "heat conducting plates." If the boiler be cylindrical the
plates are fixed in pairs on the exterior of each side of the boiler,
alternating with single plates attached to the bottom thereof, the latter
being in some cases used also as bearers or saddles for the boiler to rest
In tube boilers we also place conducting plates in the tubes. The

page_text: upper plates are fitted and bolted close to the top of the tubes, and
between these top plates intermediate plates are placed on the bottom of
the tubes, but are not fixed thereto, and can therefore be easily removed
for the purpose of cleaning out the same. The effect of using these
plates is to divert the heat from passing in a straight course to. the
chimney, and compel it to assume a zig-zag direction, whereby a much
greater amount of heat is imparted to the water than would otherwise be
the case.
The tubes may be fitted with plates as above described,.
without the exterior plates mentioned.. And although the exterior
plates are described as fixed to the boiler it is not imperative that they
should be made fixtures, as they may be placed in position without any
close attachment thereto being made..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO CARDING OR OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Charles Evans and
Henry James Hogg King at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th November 1869.
We, PHILIP CHARLES EVANS, Cloth Manufacturer, of Brimscombe
Mills, in the County of Gloucester, and HENRY JAMES HOGG KING,
Engineer, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING
WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO CARDING OR OTHER MACHINES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus of the kind
described in the Specification of certain Letters Patent granted to the
present applicants, and dated 20th January 1869 (No. 184).
One improvement consists in fixing the hooks in the endless cloth
which lifts and supplies the fibrous material to the weighing scale by
inserting them in their proper positions during the weaving of the cloth,
so that they will be interwoven and firmly held in the cloth. Each
pair of hooks is formed of one piece of wire, and it is the middle part of
the wire between the two hooks which is interwoven in the cloth. After
the cloth is woven strips of wood or other suitable material are fixed

page_text: upon the hooked side of the cloth between the rows of hooks to prevent
the hooks from being turned or bent out of their proper crect positions.
Or the hooks may be entered from the back through the strips of wood
and the strips be subsequently fixed on the cloth, whereby the hooks.
will be securely held.
A second improvement consists in substituting for the revolving hook
proposed for drawing down the weighing scale a revolving wheel with
a number of teeth or hooks, and having a flexible band in contact with
its teeth at the sides and bottom but led away from it at the top by
guide pulleys. Or instead of this arrangement there may be a pair of
friction wheels made to reciprocate angularly by means of a revolving
crank, and which grip between them the rod connected to the weighing
scale, drawing it down and then raising it again.
A third improvement consists in substituting a beater or paddle
revolving in a backward direction for distributing and equalising the
fibrous materials upon the lower feed cloth.
A fourth improvement consists in lubricating the fibrous materials by
sprays of oil or other lubricant. projected from nozzles upon a supply
pipe by jets of air issuing from perforations in a pipe supplied with
compressed air. The spray is by preference projected upon the fibrous
materials as they fall into the weighing scale.
A fifth improvement consists in substituting a spiked roller for the
beater or paddle intended to throw off surplus wool or fibre from the
endless hooked cloth which first takes it up..
IMPROVEMENTS IN. WEAVING PLAIN AND ELASTIC TERRY FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Turner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1869.
I, HENRY TURNER, the younger, of Leicester, in the County of
Leicester, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN. WEAVING PLAIN AND ELASTIC TERRY FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
Heretofore in weaving fabrics having strands or threads of india-
rubber in the centre, that is to say, strands or threads lying between
the two faces of the fabric, it has been usual to weave them either
with one shed and a single shuttle. thread, or with two sheds and two
shuttle threads.
Now my improvements consist in having two sheds with the india-
rubber standing or lying intermediately of them, and using one shuttle
thread with a rising and falling batten and with rising and falling
binding threads, which arrangement opens the depth of both sheds, so
that as soon as the shuttle has passed through the shed the shed
changes, which gives it a double portion of time, thus enabling the
shuttle to work much more quickly and a far less number of threads
are together at the opening of the sheds, hence they do not clog

page_text: together as in the method heretofore employed, and less breakage of
threads will occur, and a better face is obtained on each side of the
fabric produced. The main novelty consists in the working of two sheds
by a single shuttle.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR INSTRUMENT POR CLIPPING OR SHEARING THE HAIR OP HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Salom Henry Salom at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1869.
I, SALOM HENRY SALOM, of Regent Street, in the County of Middle-
sex, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR INSTRUMENT POR CLIPPING OR SHEARING THE HAIR
OP HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
I propose to form the cutter or cutters used in apparatus for clipping or
shearing the hair of horses and other animals in such a way that they
shall be separate and detached from the cutter plate lever or cutter
shank, and mounted on or attached to the said plate lever or shank in
such a way that the pressure on the actual cutter through the lever
shall always keep the cutting edge of the cutter in contact with the
surface of the comb plate. To effect this I form my cutter preferably
a segment of a hollow sphere. The truncated portion or sharp edge of
this cutter plays on the upper surface of the comb plate. To the polar
extremity of this hollow spherical segmental cutter is attached by a pin
the cutter plate, cutter lever, or cutter shank in such a way that the
hollow spherical segmental cutter shall have a slight play on the pin
upon which it is mounted. Thus whatever pressure or flexure is exerted

page_text: upon the cutter through the cutter plate, cutter shank, or cutter lever
the cutting face and edge of the cutter. will always be in contact with the
upper surface of the comb plate. By this arrangement the cutter will
if desired have play sufficient to permit it to rotate upon its pin; thus
the cutter will not only have a curved or a straight motion in connection
with the cutter plate, cutter lever, or cutter shank on the plane of the
comb, but if desired a circular motion round its own centre or axis. The
motion given to the cutter on the face of the comb regarded separately
from the motion of the cutter round its own axis may either be curved
or straight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENT- ING HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HUMAN HEAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1869.
I, ANDREW SMITH, of Mauchline, in the County of Ayr, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENT-
ING HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HUMAN HEAD," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the ornamentation of hats, caps, bonnets,
and other coverings for the human head with or the application thereto
of plaided, tartan, or checkered work, which I execute upon the
foundations or bodies of such articles, or prepare separately upon
suitable substances, such as paper, animal skin, felted or woven material,
and cover the said foundations or bodies, or the articles themselves, in
whole or in part therewith. When the coloring matter is applied directly
upon the foundation or body I first prepare the same with size, and
varnish the colored surface when dry to secure it from injury by the
weather and render it waterproof. When the work is first executed

page_text: upon covering material I also varnish the surface, after the foundation
or body has been covered therewith, for the same purpose, or mix the
coloring matter with size and varnish before applying it to such covering
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND IN MEANS FOR COMMUNICATING PROM ONE TO ANOTHER OF THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1869.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 157, Richmond Road, Hackney, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND IN MEANS FOR COMMUNICATING
PROM ONE TO ANOTHER OF THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to an improved method of fastening carriage
doors. I apply a safety fastening so formed that when the door is
either pushed to or swings to of itself it becomes fastened without the.
ordinary fastening being made fast; this fastening is made similar to a
spring door latch and is fixed to the carriage door, and on the standing.
pillar I fix a catch for the fastening to catch into when the door goes to..
Sometimes I use an ordinary spring fastening, and make the act of
opening this fastening also lift the latch of the safety fastening; this is.
done by fixing a lifting plate to the spindle of the ordinary spring.
fastening outside the carriage door. Also to the application of a handle.
inside the carriage door to enable the door to be opened without putting.
the hand outside as now. Also to the making and applying of an india-

page_text: rubber buffer to. carriages, or india-rubber and metal combined, or either
separately; this buffer. I make by useing domes or sections of a dome,
sometimes alternating rubber and metal or otherwise; these domes or
sections of a dome are put into a buffer box back to back, and the plunger
is fixed in front so as to press the domes together, thus obtaining the
desired elasticity; the buffer is fixed to the carriage in the usual way.
Also to the application of a rope or its equivalent to communicate from
one carriage to another; this rope is carried along the carriages in any
convenient position outside or inside. I suspend a weight from this
rope to take in the slack of the train, and this weight is made to strike
a bell when the rope is pulled to call attention in case of need. When I
use electricity as a means of communication I carry the conducting wire
along the carriages in the usual way, but I form the connection in each
carriage by a scarf joint, placing over this joint a ring to keep the joint
together; this ring being pulled off the joint is broken and the signal
given from one carriage to another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF RAISING OR CLOSING THE GLASSES OR SHUTTERS OF CARRIAGE DOORS AND WINDOWS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Day at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd September
1869.
I, JOHN DAY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
OF RAISING OR CLOSING THE GLASSES OR SHUTTERS OF CARRIAGE DOORS AND
WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a method of and apparatus for raising or closing
the glasses or shutters of the doors of railway or other carriages, and
consists chiefly in a simple combination of spring mechanism whereby on
pressure being applied to a button or thumb piece the glass or shutter will
commence to rise, and upon the pressure being withdrawn the glass or
shutter will remain in any desired position. The glass or shutter can be
lowered or opened by simple downward pressure of the hand, and will be
retained in any position in which it is left without any external catch or
fastening being required. The frame of the glass or shutter runs in
grooves at the sides and is held in position when raised or lowered by
means of a retaining spring in the groove, as is now sometimes practised.
The frame rests upon a cross piece fitting inside the door and capable of
rising and falling therein, being attached by a cord, chain, or gut at each

page_text: end passing over pulleys to two levers, to the fulcrum of each of which is
attached a coiled or barrel spring of either flat or round steel, coiled like
the spring of a clock. When the frame is pressed down the cross piece
pulls the cords and raises the outer ends of the levers, coiling up the
springs, and upon withdrawing the hand the frame (whether wholly or
partially down) will be held in position by the retaining spring pressing
against the edge of the frame, and upon removing the pressure of this
retaining spring by means of a thumb piece, button, or other similar
contrivance the reaction of the coiled springs will draw down the levers
and thus raise up the frame by means of the cords, chains, or gut until
the button or thumb piece is released, when the retaining spring will
come again into action, and hold the frame in whatever position it may
happen to be.
The whole of the mechanism is placed in the intérior of the door
between the inner and outer panels, the levers being so arranged that as
the frame is lowered one passes (in rising) on each side of the latter, but
I would here remark that in some cases it may be found preferable
to have only one lever and spring, in which case the cord, chain, or
gut will be attached to the centre of the cross piece.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR POLISHING THREADS, BRAIDS, AND WOVEN FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brennan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1869.
I, EDWARD BRENNAN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR POLISHING THREADS, BRAIDS, AND WOVEN FABRICS,
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to those machines in which the hanks of thread
or other material are polished by means of revolving brushes, and one
part of my improvements consists in employing improved rollers in
connection with an improved arrangement for raising the top roller for
stretching the material. I form each of the improved rollers with a
number of ribs or corrugations, and place the rollers in front of the
revolving brushes, the corrugations being for the purpose of allowing
the bristles of the brushes to pass between the threads and open and
spread them very effectually. The pivots of the top roller are placed in
bearings at the bottom of screws turned to raise the roller as required
by means of bevil wheels, and as the axes of the screws are directly

page_text: above the axes of the roller the stretching action is direct, or I raise
the top roller by means of levers and weights. I place the bottom roller
in bearings which can be brought out horizontally for the purpose of
readily putting the thread or material on or taking it off the rollers,
and also for placing the thread or material more or less in contact with
the revolving brushes. In each machine I place the axis of the re-
volving brush a short distance above the bottom roller for enabling the
ring ties to be supported by the roller, thereby preventing them from
being broken and causing damage to the thread.
My next improvement consists in improved drums to which the brushes
are connected which description of drums can be employed for other
purposes. I make cach drum with a sliding arm having its outer end
forming part of and corresponding with the periphery of the drum, and this
arm is bolted to arms or ribs cast to the rim of the drum. When used
for revolving brushes two or more of these drums are fixed to the shaft,
and the brushes are fixed to them, and when the front part of the
brushes have been used and worn to their fullest extent the loose arms.
of the drums are removed and the drums taken off the shaft to reverse
the brushes for enabling their unworn parts to be called into operation,
and this description of drum or pulley can be used to advantage in all
cases where drums or pulleys placed between side frames or in other
inconvenient positions have to be changed or removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Fox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1869.
I, SAMUEL FOX, of Stockbridge Works, Deepcar, near Sheffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore when constructing the permanent way of railways with
rails supported at intervals in chairs carried by sleepers the joints
which connect the end of one rail to the end of the rail next to it have
been intermediate of the chairs, and the ends of the rails have been
connected by fish plates, and so form a continuous line of rail. In
order to prevent the lines of rail when a train passes over them from
deflecting more at the points where they are connected together than
at the points where a solid rail passes from one chair to the next, I
support the ends of the rails where they are joined or connected to
one another by a portion of rail placed beneath them, the two ends of
such length of rail being hammered or flattened out, so that they may
rest upon the two sleepers, between which the joint or connection of the

page_text: rail occurs, and pass under the chairs which support the rail; and in
order that the spikes which fasten the chairs to the sleepers may pass
through the flattened out end portions of the rail and so also secure
this rail in position, I split the ends of the rail longitudinally for a
short distance and bend outwards such split ends, so that one portion
of the end may come under one end of a chair whilst the other comes
under the opposite end.
A SEAMLESS COLLAR AND TIE COMBINED
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Jarvis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1869.
I, JOHN STEPHEN JARVIS, one of the Managers for Messieurs Dent,
Allcroft, and Company, of Wood Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SEAMLESS COLLAR
AND TIE COMBINED," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in producing, by cutting or otherwise, a com-
bined collar and tic in one piece and without scams; the portions
forming the tie and band are printed or otherwise impressed in one or
more colours to imitate silk or other fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PINS, PIRNS, OR BOBBINS FOR SHUTTLES, AND IN SHUTTLES FOR PINS, PIRNS, OR BOBBINS USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clarkson Milns and John
Sandiford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st July 1869.
We, JOHN CLARKSON MILNS, of Stand Lane, near Radcliffe, in the
County of Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer, and JOHN SANDIFORD,
of the same Place, Foreman of Mechanics, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PINS, PIRNS, OR BOBBINS FOR
SHUTTLES, AND IN SHUTTLES FOR PINS, PIRNS, OR BOBBINS USED IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The pins, pirns, or bobbins hitherto used in shuttles for weaving are
made with a square cut groove round the large end of the bobbin, into
which groove wires in the shuttle enter when the tongue of the shuttle
is turned down, so as to prevent the bobbin from getting off the tongue
in the process of weaving. This square cut groove is the cause of much
breakage of thread, and of waste and loss of time in the process of
weaving, owing to the thread "lashing" and catching upon the groove,
and this not only breaks the thread but "chips" away the head of the
bobbin more or less, the wires in the shuttle also acting to produce this
result.

page_text: Our improvements consist in making the groove in the head of the
bobbin rounded at one edge or rounded at both edges and at the bottom
of the groove, and not square or at right angles as hitherto, by which
change of form the thread is prevented from catching upon the head of
the bobbin.
Our improvements in shuttles for pins, pirns, or bobbins consist in
dispensing with the wires hitherto used, and in forming projections in
the material of the shuttles to enter the groove in the pin, pirn, or
bobbin, and by so doing, we reduce the cost of the shuttle and increase its
strength. The improved pin, pirn, or bobbin is intended to be used with
the improved shuttle, though the improved bobbins may be used in
ordinary shuttles, or the improved shuttle with ordinary bobbins, but
most advantage will be obtained by using them in combination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND PERSONS IN CHARGE OF RAILWAY TRAINS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reid at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
May 1869.
I, JOHN RED, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COMMUNICATING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND PERSONS IN CHARGE OF RAILWAY
TRAINS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to certain apparatus by means of which alarm
signals are capable of being given by any passenger to the persons in
charge of railway trains whilst in motion. It consists in putting a
toothed wheel on to an axle of each carriage, and near this toothed
wheel another similar wheel is situated having a crank attached to it;
the second toothed wheel is provided with means, such as a clutch or
some analogous contrivance, by which it may be put into gear with
the toothed wheel on the axle. Wires, ropes, or chains pass from the
connections of the second toothed wheel to the interior of each com-
partment of the carriage, and these are again connected to handles in

page_text: connection with indicating dials. The crank on the second toothed
which is attached by a connecting rod to a hammer, which hammer is
arranged to strike on a hell attached to each carriage, so that when
the second toothed wheel is revolved by the wheel on the carriage axle
the movement of the crank attached to it produces a rapid vibration of
the hammer, and a correspondingly rapid striking of the bell. At the
side of the carriage a semaphore signal is also attached, and the action
of pulling the handle for the purpose of throwing the toothed wheels
into gear and sounding the alarm bell also releases a catch by which the
semaphore is held back out of view, and causes it to be instantly thrown
out from the side of the carriage. In the daytime the semaphore may
be furnished with a flag, and at night with a light, so that the samo
may be more easily seen by the persons in charge of the train. The
handles are so arranged that they cannot be pulled back except by
the guard, who is provided with a key for the purpose of releasing them
aud at the same time shutting back the semaphore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wykes Ladelle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1869.
I, WILLIAM WYKES LADELLE, of Wraysbury, in the County of
Buckingham, Paper Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the economical preparation of a chemical
agent to remove from paper stuff or other material bleached by by the
use of chloride of lime any excess of chloride of lime which may remain
therein.
I expose for a time to the action of the air refuse from an ordinary dry
lime purifier used in the manufacture of coal gas. I then mix water
therewith, and after thoroughly stirring the mixture allow it to settle;
I then draw off the clear supernatent liquor; that liquor without
further preparation possesses the property of neutralizing or decomposing
chloride of lime, and may be used as an antichlor in the ordinary manner

page_text: in the manufacture of paper or in other manufactures in which antichlor
is employed.
I do not claim as of my Invention the use of the chemical agent or
agents contained in the said liquor, but solely the preparation thereof
by the simple and economical method herein described.
TREATING SEWAGE AND THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE THEREFROM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Darke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th March 1869.
I, JOHN THOMAS DARKE, of Oatlands Park, in the Parish of Walton-
on-Thames, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "TREATING SEWAGE AND THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
The said Invention has for its object the separation of the solid and
liquid sewage for the purpose of subsequent treatment, and consists in
receiving the sewage on a filtering fabric supported by a perforated
surface, the fabric being adapted for arresting the more solid parts of
sewage matter and allowing the liquid sewage to pass away through
the perforations below the fabric. The sewage matter arrested by the
filtering fabric is treated with dry earth or other deodorizing and dis-
infecting substance. The sewage matter so treated is removed from the
perforated surface when in a dry or partially dry state and made into
masses of any convenient size or form for carriage and use as manure

page_text: in the usual manner. The liquid sewage which has passed through the
perforations below the filtering fabric may be conveyed into reservoirs
for further treatment by chemicals or applied for irrigation in the usual
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HANSOM CABS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Clarke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1869.
I, GEORGE CLARKE, of Southwell House, Lower Heath, Hampstead,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HANSOM CABS," to be as follows :-
One of my improvements has for its object to render the body of
the cab adjustable relatively to the wheel axle, in order to prevent undue
strain being put upon the horse. For this purpose the present mode
of suspending the cab from the axle is dispensed with, and in place
thereof the body is carried by means of a transverse bar, the ends of
which can be made by an adjusting screw to slide in or upon guides
or bars fixed to elliptic springs carried by the axle, whereby such
transverse bar can be shifted more to the one or to the other side of
the axle, and thus the preponderance of weight on the one or the other
side of the cab may be neutralized, or the transverse bar may be fixed
to the springs, and be provided with slides upon which the body rests,
so as to be capable of adjustment as described. A graduated scale may

page_text: be marked on the slides to indicate the position to which the body
has to be adjusted to compensate for a driver of a certain weight.
Another improvement has for its object to simplify the construction
and lessen the weight of Hansom cabs. For this purpose instead of
connecting the shafts to the body by means of iron stays, as heretofore,
I effect such connection by forming the back part of cach shaft of a
piece of bent wood passing down to the floor of the cab and fixed to a
second piece of bent wood forming the back framing of the body. The
hood of the cab may be either entirely rigid as heretofore, or by preference
I make only the back and a portion of the sides rigid, while the front
part of the sides and the top are made capable of folding back. Lamps
may either be provided on each side having the number of the cab
marked thereon, or one single lamp supported on gimbals may be pro-
vided in the centre of the roof. The doors of the cab are by preference
made of one piece to turn back over the apron on a bottom hinge, and
the wheels are covered with splash boards fixed at bottom to the step
and at top to the side of the body.
An IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING IRON AND OTHER METAL SURFACES SO AS TO RENDER THE SAME BETTER ADAPTED TO ADVERTISING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1869.
I, DONALD BROWN, of 13, Clerkenwell Green, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING IRON AND OTHER METAL SURFACES SO AS TO
RENDER THE SAME BETTER ADAPTED TO ADVERTISING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
The object of the Invention is that the coating applied to the metal
surfaces in the form of descriptive lettering, device, or other design may
be less liable to be acted upon injuriously by variations of temperature
or other changes of the weather, or by the bending of the metal to which
the coating is applied.
The Invention is applicable to iron and other metal which does not
become fluid at a temperature of, say, about 300 degrees Fahrenheit. The
metallic surface to be treated is first cleansed by rubbing with stone and
water or otherwise; I then steep or coat with a solution composed of
about 2 parts by measure of spirits of tar to 1 part of linseed oil. The
surfaces so coated are then subjected to heat at a temperature of, say,
from 250 degrees to 300 degrees Fahrenheit until dry, when they are

page_text: again coated with a preparation consisting of, say, about one part each
by weight of spruce, ochre, red lead, and Venetian red to, say, 4 to 6 parts
of Stockholm tar varnish. The surfaces under treatment are then again
subjected to heat at a temperature of, say, 250 to 300 degrees Fahrenheit
until dry, which will generally occupy about six hours. The surfaces
are then rubbed smooth by the aid of pumicestone and water, when
they may be coated for the representations desired with the usual Japan
enamels or paints, and the applications to such surfaces will not be found
liable to crack or peel off by bending of the metal or otherwise.
I do not confine myself to the precise quantities stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Restell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1869.
I, THOMAS RESTELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements in fire-arms relate to those breech-loading arms in
which a moveable block or closer for containing the striking mechanism
is employed, and are applicable to both military and sporting guns; in
the latter case the whole mechanism is fixed to the guard which does
the work of the lever. In the block I fit a striker pin or needle which
has at its rear end a projection or tongue which passes through a slot
in the block and terminates in two wings or lugs which lie close to and
upon the block, and which act as thumb and finger pieces for drawing
the striker back to set it in position for firing. The stem of the striker
is provided with two notches, or what are commonly known as half and
full bents in ordinary percussion guns, in either one of which the point
or claw of a spring takes. The spring is fitted into the under side of the

page_text: block; it has a claw on its upper face which takes into the full or half
bents of the striker stem, in whatever position the striker may be placed.
The fore end of the spring holds the trigger until the latter is acted
upon by the finger. I fit the trigger just in advance of the centre or
axle of the block, and carry it down to below the stock, where it ter-
minates in a hook as is usual. As the block moves either in a horizonal
or in a vertical direction the trigger moves with it in a slot provided
for it in the stock and barrel. The striker is encircled and acted upon
by a coiled spring in the usual manner. A projection on the trigger
takes into a recess in the barrel, and the block is thereby held secure at
the time of the explosion.
Sometimes I employ extractors to both the military and sporting
guns like those described in my Patent No. 2038, or in lieu thereof
I affix the extractors to the block itself, in which case they are made to
have a jutting incline which strikes a stud screwed into the barrels of
sporting guns (or at any convenient part of the sight in military
weapons). This screw or stud, which is fixed at the lower surface or
bottom of the barrels, catches the end of the extractor when the blocks
are moved.
My improvements in cartridges consist in slitting or cutting away the
fore end of the cartridge case after loading with the powder and the wad.
I reduce it to the size of the bullet. When the explosion takes place
the case at once re-opens and liberates the wad, which is larger than the
bore of the weapon, and which it cleans as it passes through.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SMOKE AND SOOT FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ARTICLE OF COM- MERCE THEREFROM.
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Vaughan, of Middlesborough-on-Tees,
in the County of York, and John Watt Smith, of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING SMOKE AND SOOT FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ARTICLE OF COM-
MERCE THEREFROM.
Sealed the 23rd July 1869, and dated the 27th January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Vaughan and
John Watt Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th January 1869.
We, THOMAS VAUGHAN, of Middlesborough-on-Tees, in the County
of York, and JOHN WATT SMITH, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-

page_text: PROVEMENTS IN TREATING SMOKE AND SOOT FOR THE PREPARATION OF AN ARTICLE
OF COMMERCE THEREFROM," to be as follows :-
Our Invention has for its object the production of "purified carbon
from smoke or soot. For this purpose we collect the smoke or soot
found in all chimneys, funnels, or flues, as also in gas and other retort
flues, or in any other places where carbonaceous matter is burnt, which
smoke (when condensed) or which soot we then subject to the process
of calcining in order to separate therefrom the volatile constituents and
sulphurous particles, after which we grind it under edge runners or
other suitable grinding apparatus. Or the condensed smoke or soot may
previously be sifted by preference by the action of an air blast, by which
the finer particles are carried away into a chamber, leaving the coarser
particles behind, which may then be ground.
AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT FOR DIGGING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Charles Norman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1869.
I, JACOB CHARLES NORMAN, of Great College Street, Camden Town,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT FOR DIGGING," to be
as follows:
This Invention relates to implements employed for digging, and
consists in arranging a number of spades or shovels side by side in a
hollow spindle mounted in a suitable framing, the said spindle having
a crank fixed on each end thereof to enable the spades to be forced into
the ground and withdrawn therefrom. In connection with the above I
employ one or more hand levers to actuate the spades. The framing is
intended to slide on the surface of the ground, and the spades may
be forced into the ground by pressure of the foot or otherwise. If
desirable several rows of spades may be mounted side by side, and may
be actuated either by hand or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES AND CLASPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Edmund Loram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1869.
I, ALBERT EDMUND LORAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES AND CLASPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of improvements in buckles or clasps used for
the purpose of securing, holding, or tightening the webbing or other
material of braces, belts, straps, or other like articles, whereby a firmer.
grip and greater facility of adjustment are obtained. I form the front
part of the buckle or clasp with turned back side edges or ears, in the
length of which are cut slots to a given angle obliquely and not parallel
with the face of the front part, by preference. The back part of the
buckle or clasp which receives the webbing or other material forming.
the article is provided with suitable projecting pins or studs for the
purpose of working in the oblique slots of the front part, so that upon
the tension of the article, as in the securing of a brace or belt, the pins.
or studs upon the back part will have a tendency to slide up in the
oblique grooves and bring the gripping surfaces or edges of the front.

page_text: and back part nearer together, thus preventing any slipping or displace-
ment of the buckle or clasp when in position, the gripping or tightening
increasing with the increased tension or pull of the material. Or in
some cases it may be found preferable to form the back part with turned
in edges or ears provided with slots as described, the pins or studs being
formed upon the front part. The upper edges of the parts may be
suitably bent, serrated, or provided with teeth to assist in securing or
holding the buckle or clasp in place upon the material.