IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Eastwood, of the Railway Iron Works,
Litchurch, in the County of Derby, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES."
Sealed the 22nd May 1860, and dated the 28th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Eastwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1859.
I, JAMES EASTWOOD, of the Railway Iron Works, Litchurch, in the County
of Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to lathes for turning parts of a circle, and consists in
having on the back side of the face plate of an ordinary lathe an internal
toothed segment into which gears a pinion on a shaft, so as to work or turn
the face plate a certain distance, and then to turn it back again, the pinion
being fixed on a shaft which is carried by a bracket with a sliding bearing, and
the end of the shaft is supported in a segmental groove or slot in the segment
on the face plate, the other end of the said shaft being attached to the driving
shaft by a universal joint.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Eastwood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EASTWOOD, of the Railway Iron Works, Litchurch, in the County of Derby,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Eastwood, Her special license that I, the said James
Eastwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Eastwood, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LATHES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James East-
wood, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Eastwood, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to lathes for turning parts or segments of circles,
and consist in having on the back of the face plate of an ordinary lathe an
internal toothed segment into which gears a pinion carried by a shaft, so as to
work or turn the face plate a certain distance, and then to turn it back again,
the shaft of the pinion being carried by a sliding bearing, and one end is
supported in a groove in the segment on the face plate, whilst the other end is
connected to the driving shaft by a universal joint.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the

page_text: same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is an elevation of an ordinary lathe fitted with
my improvements; Figure 2 is a plan of the same; Figure 3 is a corre-
sponding end view; Figure 4 is a detached view of the back of the face plate
showing the toothed segment, pinion, and grooves in detail; and Figure 5 is
a detail plan of the universal joint. A is the bed plate of the lathe resting
on the stone blocks B, and provided with the ordinary fast and loose heads C
and D., Motion is imparted from any prime mover by means of a belt to the
cone pulley E, on which is keyed the wheel F; this wheel gears into the
wheel G keyed on the shaft II, which works at one end in the fixed bearing I,
and is provided with a universal joint J midway in its length to allow of
the lateral motion of the pinion K in its sliding bearing L when passing
round the end of the toothed segment M formed on the back of the face
plate N. The feed motion for the cutters is driven by the wheel O keyed on
the end of the lathe spindle, and gearing into a wheel P fixed to the cone
pulley Q, which drives by the aid of the strap R a pulley S moving loosely, and
having a pall T attached to its side by the pin U, and taking into a ratchet
wheel V keyed fast on the traverse shaft W. A continual advancing motion
is thus imparted to the cutter. In Figure 4, N is the back of the face plate,
with the segment M attached, shewing the pinion K passing round the end
of the segment, being guided in its course by the projecting end of the shaft II
moving in the groove X. The cut being made whilst the pinion is traversing
the outer and longer portion of the segment, it is obvious that a "quick return
motion" will be given to the face plate in consequence of the pinion having
a less distance to traverse along the inner and shorter portion of the segment.
When it is desired to work the lathe for ordinary purposes, the shaft H is
moved sufficiently far endwise to keep the wheels F and G, and the pinion K
out of gear. Figure 5 shews a universal joint consisting of a ball a having a
pin through its centre, and on its projecting ends the joint c works. At
right angles to this pin are the two screws d for connecting the joint e, thus
forming a universal joint, which may be used in place of the one shown in
Figures 1 and 2.
b
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-

page_text: First, the general construction and arrangement of lathes for turning
parts or segments of circles as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use to and in the face plates of lathes for turning
parts or segments of circles of an internal toothed segment, .actuated by a
shaft and pinion as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Eastwood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of May, One thousand eight hun-
dred and sixty.
JAMES EASTWOOD. (L.S.)