STARCHING AND PREPARING COTTON YARN IN THAT STATE CALLED THE COP, BY WHICH MEANS IT IS AT ONCE FITTED FOR BEING MADE INTO WARP, OR THE CHAIN OF THE WEB, WITHOUT UNDERGOING CERTAIN OPERATIONS AT PRESENT IN USE; AND ALSO THAT THE COTTON YARN SO PREPARED BY HIM IN THE COP IS IN LIKE MANNER AT ONCE FITTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF WEPT OR WOOF, BY WHICH MEANS CERTAIN EXPENSIVE OPERATIONS ARE ALSO SAVED
Year: 1800

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
STUART, of Blantyre Cotton Mills, near Glasgow, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of February, in the fortieth year
of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Robert Stuart, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and
themselves, or by my and their deputies and deputy, servants or agents,
or such others as I, the said Robert Stuart, my executors, adñiors, or assigns,
should agree with, and no other, from-time to time and at all timesh ere-
after, during the term of fourteen years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of His Kingdom of
Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "STARCHING AND PREPARING COTTON
YARN IN THAT STATE CALLED THE COP, BY WHICH MEANS IT IS AT ONCE FITTED FOR
BEING MADE INTO WARP, OR THE CHAIN OF THE WEB, WITHOUT UNDERGOING CERTAIN
OPERATIONS AT PRESENT IN USE; AND ALSO THAT THE COTTON YARN SO PREPARED
BY HIM IN THE COP IS IN LIKE MANNER AT ONCE FITTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF WEPT
OR WOOF, BY WHICH MEANS CERTAIN EXPENSIVE OPERATIONS ARE ALSO SAVED," in
such manner as to me, the said Robert Stuart, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or any of them, should in their discretion seem meet; and that
I, the said Robert Stuart, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity,
and advantage from time to time coming, growing, and arising by reason of

page_text: the said Invention, during the term of years therein mentioned; to have, hold,
exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages therein-
before granted or mentioned to be granted unto me, the said Robert Stuart,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during and unto the full
end and term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent next
and immediately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended; according to
the Statute in such case made and provided; in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Robert Stuart, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the. same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one
calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereto had, will more fully
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Stuart, do declare that my said Invention consists in rendering it
easy and advantageous by a particular mode of preparation to form from
cotton yarn as it comes from the. spinning machine, that is in the cops, either
the warp or woof of webs, without the intermediate expensive and tedious
operations of reeling and winding on bobbins or pins,, as commonly practised..
The particular mode of preparation consists in subjecting the convoluted
parcels of cotton yarn from the spinning machine, or, as they are called, the
cops, to mechanical pressure in such a way as to diminish the general bulk of
the cops. without deranging too much the regular.convolutions of the yarn,
by forcing these cops into properly shaped and sized vessels, moulds, or dyes,
formed of any metallic or other substance capable of resisting the necessary
pressure, and consisting of such number of pieces as are most convenient for
producing the necessary and properly directed pressure. After the cops.have
been submitted to this operation, I have discovered that they are immediately
fitted to be with ease and expedition drawn out into what is called the warp
or chain of the web, or to be put into the shuttle as woof, and that the.
manufacturer by this means saves the expence. of the usual operations which
intervened between the formation of the yarn into cops and its appearance in
the shape of warps and of pirns or bobbins in the shuttle, and that he also
by this means saves very considerable quantities of yarn at present unavoidably
broken and destroyed in these different operations. The reduction of cops
to a smaller size by compressing, or forming them, by means of any of the
mechanical, powers or any combination, of them, into properly shaped vessels,
moulds, or dyes, so as to produce that degree of pressure which is necessary

page_text: for the explusion of the air contained in them, and also of the superfluous
mucilagenous matter or water with which they may have been impregnated,
rendering them solid and compact, without too much deranging the convolu-
tions of the yarn of which they are composed;-the rendering the thread or
yarn by this means more capable of being easily wound off or drawn from the
cop, and either immediately stretched out into the form of warp, or put into
the shuttle and wove in the loom as weft;-and also the fitting these cops for
being transported from place to place, without suffering that derangement of
the yarn .to which they were formerly liable when not thus prepared,-form
the principles and different parts of my Invention, for the use of which I claim
the exclusive privilege.
Though this is an accurate account or specification of my discovery, it
may evidently be executed in a variety of ways, any or all of which, if
executed on the principles above stated, and by means of mechanical power,
I consider as my Invention. One of these methods, which I have found
particularly. convenient, I shall now describe, for the information of the
public. When the cop is to be prepared for warp, before being exposed to
the compression, it is to be transfixed by a wire or sewer through the hole
formerly occupied by the spindle of the spinning machine, and then boiled in
a solution of flour or starch in water, or in other proper mucilagenous-liquor,.
till it is fully impregnated with it. A mould or dye is now provided,.com-
sisting of one, two, or more pieces; but in the method I am at present
describing, and referred to in the Drawing annexed, a mould consisting of two
pieces is used, formed of brass, copper, or other fit material, the cavity of which;
when it's different parts are brought into contact, is equal' or nearly so to the
size to which I want to reduce the cop, but is now, from its different parts
being placed at some distance from each other, sufficiently, large to admit the
cop in its uncompressed state. Into this cavity the cop is introduced, either
warm from the previous boiling, or after shaving been allowed to cool, and the
different parts of the mould are made, to approach each other, by means of
mechanical power, till they come into contact or nearly so, and consequently
compress the cop into a bulk equal or nearly equal to the 'dimensions of the
cavity now formed by the approach or conjunction of the different parts of the
mould. The air and superfluous part of the mucilagenous liquor are by this
means squeezed out, and the cop-left in a sufficient state of dryness for imme-
diate use, or for being preserved till a future period. When the cop is
intended for being put into the shuttle and used as weft in the loom, the only
difference is that the starching process may be omitted, and the cop either put
into the mould dry or wetted in warm or cold water. After this operation

page_text: the cops may transported to any distance without danger of deranging their
fabric, and rendering the yarn difficult to lie wound off, as is well known to
be the case with cops not thus prepared. It may be added, that if the cops
from the mould do not appear sufficiently dry, the gentle application of heat
by a stove or other contrivance may be made use of to remedy the defect.
And for the better explanation of this process of mechanical compression by
moulds, I subjoin a Drawing of a machine calculated for compressing nine
cops at one operation, which answers this purpose with considerable
advantage, though only one of the variety of ways in which my Invention
may be executed, and the number to be done at one time may be greater or
smaller, as shall be found most convenient.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Stuart, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of March, in the fortieth year of the reign of
our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of God, of
Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith, and
so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred,

page_text: saith that the name, Rob. Stuart, set or subscribed against the seal of the said
Deed Poll as the party executing the same, is of the proper handwriting of
the said Robert Stuart, and that the names Thomas Proctor and Henry
Thomson, to the same Deed Poll set or subscribed as witnesses to the
execution thereof, are of the several proper handswriting of this Deponent
and the said Thomas Proctor respectively.