Improvements in and Connected with Furnaces for Burning Hydraulic Lime, Cement, and like Substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1887
Complete Left, 30th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 29th June 1888
Improvements in and
Connected with Furnaces for Burning
Hydraulic Lime, Cement, and like Substances.
We JOHN WILLIAM HENRY JAMES, of No. 9 Victoria Chambers, Westminster in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and FREDERICK RANSOME of Norwood
Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
The invention relates to furnaces for burning hydraulic lime, cement and like
substances reduced to a pulverulent powdery or finely divided condition.
The object is to provide furnaces having greater durability, more regular action
and simplified manipulation.
In carrying our invention into practice we use a cylindrical or conical chamber
opening at one end to a feed hopper collecting chamber and exhaust flue and at the
other two a combustion and delivery chamber. The said cylindrical chamber is made in
one or more sections and is preferably line dwith refractory material and provided with
projections to agitate and traverse the material being burnt from one end of the
cylinder to the other. Separate agitators may be used if desired. The cylinder is
caused to rotate by any convenient appliances. The material to be burnt is fed into
one end of the cylinder through a hopper and in its passage therethrough encounters
the products of combustion from the furnace which pass through the cylinder in the
opposite direction. The said material is thereby burned to a requisite degree, and
is collected at the other end of the cylinder in a chamber in any convenient
manner.
In combination with the furnace above described we use two pairs of regenerators
similar in construction to those used in steel melting furnaces. The air and gaseous
fuel we employ passing through one pair to the combustion chamber to be burnt whilst
the waste products of combustion pass through the other pair before escaping up the
chimney. When one pair of regenerators is heated to the desired temperature the
gas and air are diverted through that pair whilst the waste products of combustion
pass through the other pair which are to be reheated. The gas and air pass through

page_text: separate regenerators and enter the combustion chamber through ports in any desired
position. We prefer that the gas and air to be burnt should pass through the
regenerators in the opposite direction to that of the waste products of combustion.
A further improvement consists in the construction and arrangement of the valves
for controlling and directing the passage of the gases through the regenerator. The
said valves may be of any convenient construction but we prefer to use double seat
valves or four-way valves and we arrange the operating levers so that the valves can
be all worked from one point.
Under a further improvement the regenerators are formed with the combustion
chamber or are constructed separately and connected therewith by movable flues or
tubes lined, or not, with refractory material according as the temperature maintained
is greater or less. These movable flues are if desired coated with nonconducting
material to prevent radiation.

page_text: Hydraulic Lime, Cement, and like Substances.
We JOHN WILLIAM HENRY JAMES of 9 Victoria Chambers Westminster in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and FREDERICK RANSOME of Norwood Road in
the County of Surrey Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The invention relates to furnaces for burning hydraulic lime coment and like
substances reduced to a pulverulent powdery or finely divided condition.
The object is to provide furnaces having greater durability, more regular action.
and simplified manipulation.
In carrying our invention into practice we use a cylindrical or conical chamber
opening at one end to a feed hopper collecting chamber and exhaust flue, and at the
other to a combustion and delivery chamber. The said cylindrical chamber is made
in one or more sections and is preferably lined with refractory material and provided
with projections to agitate and traverse the material being burnt from one end of the
cylinder to the other. Separate agitators may be used if desired. The cylinder is
caused to rotate by any convenient appliances. The material to be burnt is fed into
one end of the cylinder through a hopper and in its passage therethrough encounters
the products of combustion (from the furnace) which pass through the cylinder in the
opposite direction. The said material is thereby burned to a requisite degree, and is
collected at the other end of the cylinder in a chamber in any convenient manner.
In combination with the furnace above described we use two pairs of regenerators
similar in construction to those used in steel melting furnaces. The air and gaseous
fuel we employ passing through one pair to the combustion chamber to be burnt
whilst the waste products of combustion pass through the other pair before escaping
up the chimney. When one pair of regenerators is leated to the desired temperature
the gas and air are diverted through that pair whilst the waste products of combustion
pass through the other pair which are to be reheated. The gas and air pass through
separate regenerators and enter the combustion chamber through ports in any desired
position. We prefer that the gas and air to be burnt should pass through the
regenerators in the opposite direction to that of the waste products of combustion.
A further improvement consists in the construction and arrangement of the valves
for controlling and directing the passage of the gases through the regenerator. The
said valves may be of any convenient construction, but we prefer to use double seat
valves or four-way valves, and we arrange the operating levers so that the valves can
be all worked from one point.
Under a further improvement the regenerators are formed with the combustion
chamber or are constructed separately and connected therewith by movable flues or
tubes in a similar manner to the Batho well known steel melting furnaces and lined or

page_text: not with refractory material according as the temperature maintained is greater or less.
These movable flues are if desired coated with non-conducting material to prevent
radiation.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
On sheet 1. Fig. 1 is an elevation, fig. 2 a plan, and fig. 3 a cross section of a furnace
under our invention. 1 endless bucket elevator for conveying the ground or pulverulent
material to the hopper 2. 3 feed mechanism of any usual or suitable construction.
4 way leading from the hopper 2 to the furnace drum or cylinder 5. The said cylinder
or drum 5 is made of cast or wrought iron, or preferably steel in one or more pieces
strengthened by bands, is lined with heat resisting material 6, and is fitted internally
with leaves or fins 7, for agitating or lifting the materials. 8 rollers for carrying the
furnace drum or cylinder. 9 worm gear for giving rotary motion thereto. The said
gear is actuated by any suitable motor. 10 combustion chamber into which the lower
end of the furnace drum or cylinder opens. 11 discharge spout and door. 12 collecting
and waste gas chamber with door into which the upper end of the furnace drum or
cylinder opens. 13 passage leading waste gases to regenerators. 14 waste gas flue
leading to the chimney.. 15 air regenerators. 16 gas regenerators. 17 air supply
and waste gas exit valves. 18 pipes leading from the said valves to the air
regenerators 15. 19 pipes leading from the said valves to the chimney flue 14.
20 valves for controlling the flow of air from the regenerators 15 and the passage of
waste gases thereto. 21 pipes leading from the said valves to the regenerators 15.
22 air pipe leading from the valves 20 to the combustion chamber 10. 23 gas supply.
24 valves for controlling the flow of gas to the gas regenerators, 16, and the passage
of waste gases from the said regenerators to the chimney flue 14. 19 pipes connecting
the said valves to the chimney flue. 25 pipes connecting the said valves to the
regenerators 16. 26 valves for controlling the flow of gas from and the passage of
waste gases to the regenerators 16. 27 pipes connecting the valves 26 to the
regenerators 16. 28 pipe leading from the valves 26 to the combustion chamber 10.
29 gear for actuating the air valves. 30 gear for actuating the gas valves. Each pair
of air and gas valves are coupled together.
When in operation one pair of air valves 17. 20 and one pair of gas valves 24.26.
are raised to their upper scats and the other pairs of air and gas valves are depressed
on to their lower seats. By this means air and gas flow upwards through one pair of
air and gas regenerators to the combustion chamber whilst the waste gases flow down
the other pair of air and gas regenerators to the chimney flue. The air and gas arė
ignited in the combustion chamber 10 and the flames and heated gases pass through
the furnace drum or cylinder into the chamber 12 and thence through the regenerators
to the chimney. A damper in the chimney flue regulates the force of the draft. The
material to be burnt travels from the hopper down the furnace drum or cylinder to the
chamber 10 from which it is removed from time to time. Any material carried by
the draft into the chamber 12 is also removed from time to time and passed into the
hopper. It will be observed that the waste gases and the gases to be heated flow
through the regenerators in opposite directions and that the material being burned
travels through the furnace drum or cylinder in the opposite direction to the flames
and products of combustion.
On sheet 2. Figure 4 is a sectional elevation. Figure 5 a sectional plan, and
figure 6 a cross section of a modification of furnace in which the regenerators and
flues are disposed in a slightly different manner to that described in Figures 1. 2.
and 3, and in which oscillating valves are used instead of double seat valves, otherwise
the description of Figures 1. 2 and 3 will apply, and the same letters of reference are
used to denote equivalent parts. By using oscillating valves each air valve 17. 20
serves the purpose of the two valves 17. 20. That is it both directs the waste gases
and air into and out of either regenerator. In the same way each gas valve 24. 26
serves the purpose of the two valves 24. 26. in the previously described apparatus.
On sheet 3. Figure 7 is a sectional elevation, figure 8 a sectional plan, and figure 9
a cross section of a modification of furnace in which the regenerators are placed

page_text: beneath the combustion chamber. The same letters refer to parts equivalent to those
previously described. Gas from the producers is admitted through the valve 24 into
one gas regenerator 16 and thence through the valve 26 to the pipe 28 and combustion
chamber 10.
Air is admitted through the valve 17 into one of the air regenerators 15,
and thence by the valve 20 to the pipe 22 and combustion chamber 10. The pipes 13
carry the waste gases to the valves 17 and 24 whence they are directed to the
regenerator 15 and 16 and chimney flue 14.
Figure 10 is a section of a built up furnace drum, or cylinder made in several
pieces united and strengthened by T iron rings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
First. Furnaces constructed substantially as herein set forth for burning hydraulic
lime cement and like substances.
Second. In furnaces for burning hydraulic lime cement and like substances, the
combination of a rotating conical or cylindrical chamber with regenerators substan-
tially as set forth.
Third. Constructing furnaces under our invention with separate air and gas passages
from the regenerators to the combustion chamber substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The construction and arrangement of regenerator valves substantially as
herein set forth.
Fifth. The combination with the regenerators and combustion chamber of cement
furnaces of movable flues substantially as set forth.
D
7
001 1
11000