IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS FOR GRINDING METALLIC SURFACES BY MEANS OF EMERY WHEELS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Baird Handyside, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS FOR GRINDING METALLIC SURFACES BY
MEANS OF EMERY WHEELS."
Sealed the 31st August 1875, and dated the 7th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Baird Handyside
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th May 1875.
I, JAMES BAIRD HANDYSIDE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS FOR GRINDING METALLIC SURFACES
BY MEANS OF EMERY WHEELS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to the grinding of metallic surfaces by means.
of emery wheels, and comprises improved modifications and arrangements
of machine tools adapted to various classes of work, and designed to
meet numerous different requirements arising in the construction of
machine details or other metallic articles,

page_text: The emery wheels used in carrying out the Invention are by preference
made up of flat rings of consolidated emery, clamped between flanged
centre bosses. When two or more of the emery rings are required for
the width of the wheel, such rings are by preference separated by sheets,
or washers of cardboard, or similar material, whereby the squareness of
the edges is rendered more enduring. These washers are cut away in
proportion as the wheels wear.
An improved mandril is provided for carrying articles such as pulleys.
for example, which require to rotate whilst being operated on. This
mandril comprises a centre spindle formed with a conical shoulder at one
or more parts, and enclosed in a tube which is formed with a set of slots,
corresponding to cach conical shoulder of the spindle. Keys with
angular outside edges parallel to the tube surface are fitted in the slots,
and their inner edges being inclined to fit the conical shoulders they are
forced more or less outwards (and into the eye of the pulley or other
article), by moving the spindle along the tube by means of a screw
provided for the purpose.
In one of the improved arrangements comprised in the present In-
vention parts for carrying, adjusting, and working the emery wheel are
combined with the usual details of a turning lathe, but so as not to
interfere with the slide rest or tool holder. A horizontal shaft driven.
from the lathe gearing or otherwise is provided at the back of the lathe,
and it drives a travelling pulley by means of a groove and key. The
pulley is held and moved along by a pair of brackets, which are fixed to
the lathe saddle, and which are formed with toothed quadrants at their
upper parts. The spindle carrying the emery wheel is held by a pair
of arms centered on an intermediate shaft which has its bearings in the
brackets; and the arms carry pinions in gear with the toothed quadrants,
the position of the arms being determined by turning these pinions by
means of a worm' and worm wheel. The driving force is transmitted
from the pulley on the fixed shaft to one on the intermediate shaft, and
thence by another band to the spindle of the emery wheel, and these
bands remain equally tight in all positions of the wheel spindle. A
small fan driven by a band from the wheel shaft is provided for drawing
the detached particles or dust from the work through a jointed duct, and
for blowing them into a vessel containing water, all being by preference
carried by the brackets. The emery wheel can be fixed on either end of
its spindle, or a buffing wheel may be substituted when required. With.

page_text: this machine tool a shaft or similar article can be turned and ground or
finished without removal from the lathe.
In a second arrangement which is designed for grinding band pulleys
or similar articles, the emery wheel is carried on the middle of a
horizontal spindle held in an oblique frame which is made adjustable on
horizontal guides to move it to or from the work. The driving band or
cord is led horizontally from the driving pulley towards a fixed guide
pulley, and between these pulleys is led from the horizontal line round
a pulley on the movable frame to the wheel spindle, and thence back
round another pulley on the movable frame to the horizontal line again,
so that it remains equally tight in all positions of the frame. The pulley
or article to be operated on is held in a frame fitted with gearing for
turning it about its axis, and this frame is movable horizontally on a
plate, which is also movable horizontally, but in a direction at-right
angles to the upper one, on a plate fitted so as to be capable of turning
in a horizontal plane. With these arrangements the pulley rim can be
ground with a cylindrical surface, or with a more or less convex surface,
as may be required. A reciprocating motion is given to the pulley or
article during the operation to equalise the action of the emery wheel.
In a third arrangement which is designed for grinding large flat
surfaces the grinding details are combined with the usual details of a
metal planing machine. The main cross slide is fitted with a slide in
addition to the usual cutter box or slide, and each is fitted to be easily
engaged with or freed from the transverse feed screw, so as to remain
stationary at one side when the other is at work. The emery wheel with
its suction fan and other details is carried on the additional slide, and
receives the driving force through a pulley travelling with the slide
along a transverse horizontal shaft, carried by brackets fixed to the cross
slide, and driven by a band at one end, this band being guided so as to
remain tight in all positions of the main slide. A slow transverse reci-
procation is imparted by means of a lever and revolving crank pin to
the shaft carrying the emery wheel for the purpose of equalising the
grinding action.
A fourth arrangement comprises a duplex grinding action effected by
means of a comparatively large emery wheel. This wheel is situated
centrally in the machine, being fixed on a horizontal shaft to which a
longitudinal reciprocation is imparted by means of a slowly turning
crank or eccentric. The articles to be operated upon are fixed in two

page_text: .movable frames which are hinged o the fixed framing in such a manner
as to apply the articles, to diametrically opposite parts of the emery
wheel, the arrangement preferred being with the movable frames vertical
and hinged at the bottom. Screw gearing is provided for adjusting the
movable frames to or from the emery wheel, and within each movable
frame there is fitted a vertically sliding inner frame to which the articles
are actually secured, and which is moved up and down by means of a
slowly revolving crank or eccentric to bring the various parts successively
under the grinding operation.
A fifth arrangement is designed for grinding certain special forms in
accordance with a pattern or model conoidal "scroll," drums used in
In this
spinning machinery being examples of the forms referred to.
arrangement various parts are in duplicate, an undriven or dummy
wheel being however substituted for the emery wheel in one set of the
parts. The emery wheel is on a horizontal shaft mounted in bearings
on a table which is turnable to a certain extent about a vertical axis,
the shaft having fixed on it an overhanging pulley to receive a driving
band from a pulley at the base of the machine. The drum or article to
be ground and the model are fixed both on one horizontal line of
sbafting, to which an end on pressure is applied by means of a weighted
cord, and the shafting is carried in a rectangular horizontal frame
capable of vertical movement between or on guide pillars, and partly
counterbalanced by weighted cords or chains. Worm wheel gearing is
provided for turning the horizontal shafting slowly, and there is a rack-
and-pinion motion for moving the shaft on end by hand. When a
"scroll" drum is being operated on the helical flange of the model is by
the end on pressure kept against the edge of the dummy wheel, and so
controls the position longitudinally of the drum to be ground, whilst the
position of this drum vertically is determined by the resting of the model
on the top of the dummy wheel. In a similar way the necessary
obliquity is given to the grinding wheel by the application of a weighted
lever to a rod connecting parallel arms fixed to the two turntables, the
pressure of the weight causing the dummy wheel to become inclined
like the scroll flange.
Сб
A sixth arrangement is designed for grinding the steel cutters or
knives of metal shearing machines or other similar articles, the knife or
other article is fixed on a carriage or slide fed along a horizontal bed
like that of a planing machine. The emery wheel is upon a transverse

page_text: horizontal shaft carried by the upper ends of a U shaped frame, the
bottom of which crosses under the bed of the machine, and which is
adjustable in vertical guides by means of worm wheel gearing. The
emery wheel shaft is driven by a band from a pulley at the lower part
of the frame, and the latter is driven by a band from a pulley at a
sufficient distance horizontally for the tightness of the band to be
practically unaffected by the vertical adjustment of the U frame. The
wheel shaft is made to reciprocate as in some of the other arrangements.
In a seventh arrangement, which is adapted for grinding axle bushes
or similar articles, the emery wheel is carried by an adjustable U frame,
as in the fifth arrangement. The slide on.which the bush is fixed is
moved backwards and forwards beneath the emery wheel by a slowly
revolving crank. The emery wheel is made with its edge of a semi-
circular section corresponding to the shape of the bush, and a semi-
circular guide plate with a small tool holder is provided for applying a
diamond to the wheel when worn out of shape.
An eighth arrangement comprises the U frame carrying the emery
wheel combined with an annular table or slide, which is moved slowly
round, and upon which a number of small articles may be fixed.
Whilst cach article is passing under the wheel those previously acted
on can be removed, and fresh articles may be fixed ready to be operated
on. This arrangement is very convenient and suitable for operating on
smoothing irons, reaper knives, and a great variety of comparatively
small articles. The wheel shaft is made to reciprocate transversely to
equalise the grinding action. With one annular slide or table there may
be combined two U frames with emery wheels, or one with an emery
wheel and the other with a buffing or polishing wheel.
A ninth arrangement is designed for grinding the axle box guides of
locomotives or other railway vehicles, and comprises a transverse .bed
piece, capable of attachment by adjusting screws to the rails beneath the
locomotive or vehicle. A shaft carried within the bed piece, and fitted
with fast and loose pulleys at one end for a driving belt, serves to drive
the grinding details, which are in duplicate and operate simultaneously on
the two sides of the vehicle. Each emery wheel is carried by a bracket
or frame, which is movable vertically on a pillar by means of a screw
and hand wheel. A vertical shaft inside the pillar receives motion from
the shaft in the bed piece by means of bevil wheels, and is connected by
.

page_text: a friction clutch to a pulley, a band from which drives another vertical
shaft. This second vertical shaft has on it a pulley which moves with
the bracket, and which drives the emery wheel spindle by a band, and
at the same time this spindle is made to reciprocate by means of a
revolving crank. Feed or adjusting gear is provided for turning the
bracket on the pillar, or for turning the latter on the saddle on which it
is fixed or carried, whilst the saddle is moved slowly along guides on the
bed piece by a horizontal screw spindle to cause the emery wheel to
traverse gradually across the work.
A tenth arrangement is designed for grinding the sides of the teeth of
wheel gearing, for which purpose the edge of the emery wheel is shaped
to fit the space between two teeth, and is mounted in a frame to which
a slow reciprocating transverse motion is imparted to carry the emery
wheel across the breadth of the toothed wheel. The toothed wheel is
mounted so as to be turnable on a fixed stud, and there are fitted in
connection with it two catches, which are set in adjustable bolders,
so that they can be adapted to wheels of different sizes. One of the
catches is movable to the extent of a tooth of the wheel, and its holder
is acted on by inclined pieces fixed to the moving frame which carries
the emery wheel, so as to cause the toothed wheel to be moved at each
traverse. The other catch acts simply as a holding catch.
An eleventh arrangement is a simple portable tool for grinding a
conical point, such as that of a lathe centre, and comprises a standard
which can be fixed on the lathe bed, and which carries a horizontal
tubular shaft, having on it a frictional driving cone. On a shaft passing
through the tubular shaft there is fixed an inclined bearing carrying a
spindle, which has the emery wheel fixed at one end, and at the other a
small friction cone to be acted on by the driving cone. The central
spindle is turned by means of a hand wheel, and carries the emery
wheel round about the lathe centre, whilst a cord from the hand wheel
drives a small pulley on a separate stud or shaft, and a large pulley fixed
to the small one carrics a cord, which acts on the tubular shaft so
as to impart the necessary speed through the frictional cones to the
emery wheel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Baird Handyside in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BAIRD HANDYSIDE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Baird Handyside, Her special
licence that I, the said James Baird Handyside, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Baird
Handyside, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINE TOOLS FOR GRINDING METALLIC
SURFACES BY MEANS OF EMERY WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Baird Handyside, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Baird Handyside, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to the grinding of metallic surfaces by
means of emery wheels, and comprises improved modifications and
arrangements of machine tools adapted to various classes of work, and

page_text: designed to meet numerous different requirements arising in the con-
struction of machine details or other metallic articles.
1
The emery wheels used in carrying out my Invention are by preference
made up of flat rings of consolidated emery clamped between flanged
centre bosses. When two or more of the emery rings are required for
the width of the wheel such rings are by preference separated by sheets
or washers of cardboard or similar material, whereby the squareness of
the edges is rendered more enduring. These washers are cut away in
proportion as the wheel wears.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append nine Sheets
of explanatory Drawings to be herein-after referred to, and representing
various machine tools as made with my improvements. In these
Drawings the same reference letters and numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section; Figure 2, a transverse
section; and Figure 3, a plan of an improved mandril which I have
provided for carrying articles, such as pulleys, for example, which require
to rotate whilst being operated on. This mandril comprises a centre
spindle 1 formed with one or more conical shoulders 2, and enclosed in a
tube M which is formed with a set of slots corresponding to each conical
shoulder 2. Keys 3, with angular outside edges parallel to the surface
of the tube M, are fitted in the slots, and their inner edges being inclined
to fit the conical shoulders 2 they are forced more or less outwards (and
into the eye of the pulley or other article) by moving the spindle 1 along
the tube M by means of a screw 4 provided for the purpose, and which
works in a tapped or internally screwed part of the tube.
Number 1 of the improved arrangements comprised in my present
Invention is shown in Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Figure 8 being a front
elevation, Figure 9 a side elevation, and Figure 10 a plan, and in it
parts for carrying, adjusting, and working the emery wheel E are com-
bined with the usual details of a turning lathe, but so as not to interfere
with the slide rest or tool holder T. A horizontal shaft 5 driven from
the lathe gearing or otherwise is provided at the back of the lathe, and
it drives a travelling pulley P by means of a groove and key. The
pulley P is held and moved along by a pair of brackets 6, which arc
fixed to the lathe saddle S, and which are formed with toothed

page_text: '
quadrants 7 at their upper parts. The spindle of the emery wheel E.
is held by a pair of arms 8, centerd on an intermediate shaft 9, which
has its bearings in the brackets 6, and the arms 8 carry pinions in gear
with the toothed quadrants 7 and fast on a shaft 10, which has also fast
on it a worm wheel 11, having in gear with it a worm on a handled
spindle 12 carried in a socket on one of the arms 8. The position of the
arms 8, and consequently of the emery wheel E, is determined by
turning the handled spindle 12, which causes the pinions to move up or
down the toothed quadrants 7, the arms 8 being fixed in any position by
means of pinching screws passed through slots in the quadrants 7. The
driving force is transmitted by a band from the pulley P on the fixed
shaft 5 to one on the intermediate shaft 9, and thence by another band
to a pulley on the spindle of the emery wheel E, and these bands remain
equally tight in all positions of the wheel spindle. A small fan F carried
by arms 13 fast to the arms 8, and driven by a band from the emery
wheel spindle, is provided for drawing the detached particles or dust"
from the work through a jointed duct D, and for blowing them into a
vessel W containing water, all being by preference carried by the
brackets 6. The emery wheel E can be fixed on either end of its spindle,
or a buffing wheel may be substituted when required. With this machine
tool a shaft A or similar article can be turned and ground or finished
without removal from the lathe.
Number 2 of my improved arrangements is designed for grinding band
pulleys or similar articles, and is shown on Sheet 3 of the Drawings,
Figures 11 and 12 being vertical sections as at right angles to each
other, and Figure 13 a plan. In this arrangement the emery wheel E is
carried on the middle of a horizontal spindle held in an oblique frame 14
which is made adjustable on horizontal guides 15, on which it is movable
to or from the work by a screw spindle 16. The driving band or cord is
led from the under side of the driving pulley P to a fixed guide pulley 17,
and returns from the upper side of the latter in a horizontal direction,
but is led from the horizontal line round a pulley 18 on the movable
frame 14 to a pulley 19 on the spindle of the emery wheel E, and thence
back round another pulley 20 on the movable frame 14 to the horizontal
line again, so that it remains equally tight in all positions of the
frame 14. The pulley or article B to be operated on is held in a frame
21, 22, 23, consisting of a base 21 having fixed on it a pair of standards
or headstocks, of which one 22 carries an adjustable centre mandril for

page_text: one end of the mandril M carrying the pulley B, whilst the other 23
carries gearing for slowly turning the pulley B about its axis so as to
bring its different parts in succession under the operation of the emery
wheel E. The gearing on the standard 23, which will be easily under-
stood from the Drawing, is arranged to be driven by a belt acting on a
pulley 24 situated near a vertical axis, about which the frame 21, 22, 23,
may in some cases be turned, as herein-after explained. The frame
base 21 is movable horizontally on a plate 25, which is also movable
horizontally but in a direction at right angles to the upper one 25 on a
plate 26 fitted so as to be capable of turning in a horizontal plane, being
formed with a vertical cylindrical centre which is entered into a cylindrical
socket 27 formed for it in the fixed bed frame of the machine. With
these arrangements the rim of the pulley B can be ground with a
cylindrical surface or with a more or less convex surface as may be
required. A slow reciprocating motion is given to the pulley or article B
during the operation with the view of equalising the action of the emery
wheel E. For this purpose a vertical shaft 28 mounted in the bed frame
has on its upper end a disc 29 formed with a radial slot in which can be
adjusted a pin having jointed on it a connecting rod 30, jointed at its
other end to the transversely movable plate 25. The shaft 28 has fast
on its lower end a worm wheel 31 in gear with a worm 32 which is on
a shaft provided with fast and loose pulleys for a driving belt. The
worm wheel 31 carries an adjustable pin for a connecting rod 33, the
other end of which is jointed to a lever 34 fixed to the bottom of the
centre of the turning table or plate 26. Either of the rods 30, 33, can
be disconnected when the action of only one of them is required.
Number 3 of my improved arrangements, which is designed for
grinding large flat surfaces, is shown on Sheet 4 of the Drawings, and in
it the grinding details are combined with the usual details of a metal
planing machine. Figure 14 is a front elevation and Figure 15 a
sectional side elevation. The main cross slide C is fitted with a slide 34
in addition to the usual slide or tool holder T, which is shown in
Figure 14 as moved out of the way to one end of the cross slide C, and
each slide T, 34, is fitted with any suitable known appliance for being
casily engaged with or freed from the transverse feed screw so as to
remain stationary at one side when the other is at work. The emery
wheel E with its suction fan F and other details is carried on the
additional slide 34 and receives the driving force through a pulley P

page_text: travelling with the slide along a transverse horizontal shaft 35 carried
by brackets fixed to the cross slide C and driven by a band at one end,
this band being guided so as to remain tight in all positions of the cross
slide C, as will be understood from Figure 15. A slow transverse
reciprocation is imparted by means of a lever 36 and revolving crank
pin to the spindle of the emery wheel E for the purpose of equalising
the grinding action, the crank pin being on the face of a worm wheel 37
carried on a stud and driven by a worm on the shaft 35. .
Number 4 of my improved arrangements is shown in end elevation
and sectional side elevation in Figures 16 and 17 on Sheet 5, and in
plan in Figure 4 on Sheet 1. It comprises a duplex grinding action
effected by means of a comparatively large emery wheel E situated
centrally in the machine, and fixed on a horizontal shaft 38 to which
a longitudinal reciprocation is imparted by means of a slowly turning
crank or eccentric pin and connecting rod 39, the connecting rod being
jointed to a bush fitted loosely on the shaft between collars, and the
crank pin being on the face of a worm wheel 37 turned by a worm on
a shaft driven by means of a pulley and belt. The articles H to be
operated on, and in the example delineated, consisting of two sets of
helical springs for railway wagons, are carried in two movable frames 40
which are hinged to the fixed framing in such a manner as to apply
the articles H to diametrically opposite parts of the emery wheel E, the
arrangement I prefer being as shown with the movable frames 40
vertical and binged at the bottom. Screw spindles 41 tapped through
bushes, held by transverse fixed frame bars, are provided for adjusting
the movable frames 40 towards or from the emery wheel E, and on the
bushes toothed feed wheels 42 are fixed for automatically moving the
frames 40 inwards as the grinding operation proceeds, the wheels 42
being acted on by pawls carried by levers 43 which receive their motion
through shafts and levers from a vertical reciprocating movement
imparted to inner frames 44 to which the articles H are actually
secured. These inner frames 44 are fitted to slide vertically in the main
frames 40, and are moved up and down by means of connecting rods
45 from eccentric pins on slowly revolving worm wheels 46 driven by
worms on shafts 47 turned by means of belt pulleys. As in my other
arrangements a suction fan F is provided to draw off the dust produced
in grinding, the duct D being made with branches to gather the dust.
from the two parts ucar which the operation takes place.
.

page_text: "
Number 5 of my improved arrangements is shown in Sheet 6, and is
designed for grinding certain special forms in accordance with a pattern
or model conoidal "scroll drums used in spinning machinery, being
examples of the forms referred to. Figures 18 and 19 are vertical
sections as at right angles to each other, and Figure 20 is a plan
of the machine. In this arrangement various parts are in duplicate,
an undriven or dummy wheel U being however substituted for the
emery wheel E in one set of the parts. The emery wheel E is on a
horizontal shaft 38 mounted in bearings on a table 50, which is turnable
to a certain extent about a vertical axis being formed with a cylindrical
centre, which is entered into a cylindrical socket in the fixed bed frame.
The drum or article I to be ground and the model J are fixed both
on one line of shafting 51 to which an end on pressure is applied
by means of a weighted cord, and the shafting 51 is carried in a rect-
angular horizontal frame, 52 capable of vertical movement between
guide pillars 53, and partly counterbalanced by weights attached to
cords or chains which pass up the guide pillars and round guide pulleys
at the top to the movable frame 52. The frame 52 is further steadied
and guided by a central tube 54 attached to it and passing down into
a cylindrical socket in the bed frame below, and a rack 55 formed or
fixed on the tube 54 has in gear with it a pinion on a transverse shaft
56 carried by the fixed framing, and provided with hand spokes for
turning it so as to raise or lower the upper frame 52.
weight for applying end on pressure to the shafting 51
tube 54 and over a pulley at the top to an inner frame
bearings applied between collars on the shafting 51.
gearing 58 to be moved by hand is shown as fitted for turning the
shafting 51 slowly, and there is also a rack-and-pinion motion 59 for
moving the shaft 51 on end by hand, the pinions being on a shaft
carried by the inner frame 57 and the rack teeth on the main frame 52.
When a
"scroll" drum I is being operated on the model. J is by the
end on pressure kept against the edge of the dummy wheel U, and so
controls the position longitudinally of the drum I to be ground, whilst
the position of this drum I vertically is determined by the resting of
the model J on the top of the dummy wheel U. In a similar way the
necessary obliquity is given to the grinding wheel E by the application
of a weighted lever 60 to a rod 61, connecting parallel arms 62, 63, fixed
one to the turntable of the grinding wheel E, and the other to a similar
turntable 64 carrying the dummy wheel U. The weight of the lever 60
The cord of the
passes up the
57 which has
Worm wheel

page_text: can be slid along a rod to either end, according to the direction in
which the pressure is wanted, and the strain of the lever is transmitted
to the rod 61 by an arm projecting downwards from the middle of the
lever, and indicated by dotted lines in Figure 18. The turntable 64
carrying the dummy wheel U is adjustable vertically by means of a
screw. spindle 65 acting between two parts of the turntable centre,
which is like a telescope case. A fan F, Figure 20, is provided for
withdrawing the dust, but the ducts (D) leading to it are not shown.
The shaft of the emery wheel is driven by means of a pulley on it, and
a band from a pulley on a countershaft situated underneath, but not
shown in the Drawings.
Number 6 of my improved arrangements is represented on Sheet 7,
and is designed for grinding the steel cutters or knives K of metal
shearing machines or other similar articles; Figures 21 and 22 are
sectional side and end elevations, and Figure 23 is a plan. The knife or
other article K is fixed on a carriage or slide, 70 fed along a horizontal
bed 71 like that of a planing machine by means of a rack and pinion 72.
The emery wheel E is upon a transverse horizontal shaft 38 carried by
the upper ends 73 of a U shaped frame, the bottom 74 of which crosses
under the bed 71 of the machine, and which is adjustable in vertical
guides 75 by worm wheel gearing 76 acting on a central vertical screw
-spindle 77. The emery wheel shaft 38 is driven by a band from a pulley
78 on a shaft 79, carried by a bracket fixed to the bottom 74 of the
U frame, and the shaft 79 is driven by a band from a pulley P at a
sufficient distance horizontally for the tightness of the band to be
practically unaffected by the vertical adjustment of the U frame. The
wheel shaft 38 is made to reciprocate by a lever 36 actuated by a pin on
a slowly turning worm wheel 37, as in arrangements herein-before
described.
Figure 24 shows a modification of some of the parts in my sixth
arrangement, the emery wheel E being placed with its shaft vertical,
and the compressed emery being fixed in the form of a radially narrow.
ring on the bottom face of the wheel, so as to act parallel to the face of
the knife or article K operated on. The shaft of the wheel is driven by
means of friction cones 80 from a horizontal shaft 81, having on it a
pulley for a driving belt, and the two shafts are carried in bracket
bearings 82, 83, provided with appliances for holding the friction cones.
in driving contact.

page_text: -Number 7 of my improved arrangements which is shown on Sheet 8
is adapted for grinding axle bushes L and similar articles. Figures
25 and 26 are side and front elevations, and Figure 27 is a plan. The
emery wheel E is carried by a vertically adjustable U frame 73, 74, held in
guides 75 as in arrangement Number 5 herein-before described, the
gearing for adjusting the U frame being also similar. The slide 70 on
which the bush L is fixed is fitted on a short bed frame 71, and is moved
backwards and forwards beneath the emery wheel E by the connecting
rod 84 of a slowly revolving crank pin, which is adjustable radially on a
worm wheel 85 turned by a worm on a shaft 86, driven by a pulley and
belt. The emery wheel E is in this case made with its edge of a semi-
circular section corresponding to the shape of the bush L, and a semi-
circular guide plate 87 with a small tool holder 88 is provided for
applying a diamond to the wheel E when worn out of shape.
Number 8 of my improved arrangements is shown on Sheet 9, Figure
28 being an elevation, Figure 29 a vertical section, and Figure 30 a
plan, and comprises the U frame 73, 74, of arrangement No. 5, com-
bined with an annular table or slide 89, which is moved slowly round on
an annular bed frame 90, and upon which a number of small articles N
may be fixed. Whilst each article N is passing under the wheel E those
previously acted on can be removed and fresh ones may be fixed ready
to be operated on. This arrangement is very convenient and suitable
for operating on smoothing irons, reaper knives, and a great variety of
comparatively small articles. In Figure 29 an annular casting or.
holder 91 is shown as fixed upon the annular slide 89, and when
smoothing irons N are to be operated on this holder 91 is formed with
holes to receive the handles of the inverted irons which are held quite
sufficiently in this way. In the cases of other articles the holder 91
must be modified to suit them. The shaft 38 of the emery wheel E is
made to reciprocate transversely to equalise the grinding action by a
lever 36 moved by a crank pin on a worm wheel 37 driven by a worm on
a shaft carried by a bracket attached to the bottom 74 of the U frame.
The annular table or slide 89 is moved slowly round by means of a ring
of internal teeth 92, fixed to it and gearing with a pinion on a shaft 93,
which has on it a worm wheel 94 in gear with a worm on the shaft of
the worm wheel 37. With one annular slide or table 89 there may be
combined two U frames 73, 74, with emery wheels E or one with an
emery wheel and the other with a buffing or polishing wheel, -

page_text: Number 9 of my improved arrangements is designed for grinding the
axle box guides R of locomotives or other railway vehicles, and is shown
in Figures 5, 6, 7, on Sheet 1, these Figures being respectively side and
end elevations and a plan. This arrangement comprises a transverse
bed piece 95, of which only one-half is shown in Figures 5 and 7, and
which is capable of attachment by adjusting screws to the rails 96
beneath the locomotive or vehicle. A shaft 97 carried within the bed
piece 95 and fitted with fast and loose pulleys at one end for a driving
belt serves to drive the grinding details, which are in duplicate, but of
which only one set is shown in the Figures, the two sets being provided
so that the guides R at both sides of the vehicle may be operated on
simultaneously. Each emery wheel E is carried by a bracket or frame 98,
which is movable vertically on a pillar 99 by means of a screw and hand
wheel 100. A vertical shaft 101 inside the pillar 99 receives motion by
means of bevil wheels from the shaft 97 in, the bed piece 95, and is
connected by a friction clutch to a pulley P, a band from which drives
another vertical shaft 102. This second vertical shaft 102 has on it a
pulley 103, which moves with the bracket 98, and which drives the
emery wheel spindle 38 by a band, and at the same time this spindle 38
is made to reciprocate by a lever 36 moved by a crank pin on a worm
wheel driven by a worm 32 on the shaft 102. Feed or adjusting gear is
provided for turning the bracket 98 on the pillar 99, this gear con-
sisting of a hand wheel spindle 104, having on it a worm in gear with a
worm wheel on a shaft 105 carried by the bracket 98, whilst a worm on
this shaft 105 is in gear with worm teeth fixed or formed on the pillar 99.
Each pillar 99 is fixed on a saddle 106, which is movable on a guide
face 107 on the bed piece 95, and is moved thereon by means of a screw
spindle within the bed piece, which spindle is driven from the shaft 97
by gearing admitting of it being turned in either direction, or not at all,
according to the position in which a hand lever 108 is placed. It will
be seen on consideration of the various described parts of this arrange-
ment that the emery wheel E can be made to grind the opposite inner
faces of the axle box guides R so as to make them truly vertical and
parallel to each other.

page_text: bers 2, 4, 6, the wheel E is in each case made up of a number of narrow
flat rings separated by washers or sheets of cardboard or similar
material.
With reference to arrangements described as the tenth and eleventh
in my Provisional Specification relative hereto I have to state that
purposing to further improve them I do not now make any claim for
them.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that 1
what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Inven-
tion secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is,—
1. The arranging or combining together of the parts, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth, in the case of each of the nine arrange- 1
ments of machine tools for grinding metallic surfaces by means of emery
wheels, herein described and delineated.
2. The formation of the emery wheels by combining two or more flat"
rings of consolidated emiery with interposed cardboard or similar material,
as herein-before described.
3. The construction of the adjustable mandril, in the improved.
manner and for the purposes herein-before described with reference to
Figures 1, 2, 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Baird Handyside, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
2
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JAMES B. HANDYSIDE. (L.S.)