matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL-PIRE CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th March 1867-A communication from Benjamin Stone Roberts,
Major-General, United States Service, residing at No. 14, Rue Auber,
Paris; in France
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANCOIS MENNONS, of the Firm of Mennons and
Teleschef, Home and Foreign Patent Agents, of No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, and 27, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL-PIRE CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
(a communication,) to be as follows -
The Invention communicated to me more particularly refers to improve-
ments in the construction and insertion of the percussion anvils of central-fire
cartridges for breech-loading fire-arms.
The improved anvil is composed of a slightly arched star punched out of
sheet iron or other suitable metal, in the concave centre of which is formed a
cell for the reception of the fulminating compound, the whole as shewn in the
plan and section below.

page_text: from copper or other suitable material. The star thus produced being charged
with the detonating composition is inserted by any convenient setting tool in
the base of the cartridge shell, and its arched branches are there flattened out
till they extend into the circular gorge formed internally by the flange of the
latter. The shell is then tapered off in its entire length from flange to mouth
by any suitable mechanical means, and is afterwards charged in the ordinary
way.
Among the advantages resulting from the application of this Invention may
be noted, 1stly, economy of manufacture; 2ndly, complete security against
accidental explosion, as the priming can only be reached by the direct action
of the percussion pin of the arm; 3dly, solid fastening of the anvil in the
base of the cartridge, due on one hand to the insertion of its branches in the
hollow gorge of the flange, and on the other to the general pressure resulting
from the subsequent tapering process. The conical form given to the cartridge
in its entire length presents the further advantage of facilitating the extraction
of the spent shell after each discharge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING, AND IN MACHINERY OR. APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Clarke and Thomas Holt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 4th November 1867.
We, JAMES CLARKE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, and THOMAS HOLT, of the same Place, Machine Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARPING, AND
IN MACHINERY OR. APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
Warping mills have formerly been constructed to lay the yarn upon the swift
in layers of spiral form, and for convenience in taking it off space has been
left between the spirals, as it has been found that when not kept apart there
has been a tendency in the spirals to become entangled.
-Our-Invention-consists-in-placing upon a carriage moveable on a pillar or
post a roller so as while the yarn is freely drawn over it the carriage in
which it moves shall have a movement perpendicular to the surface movement
of the swift, and corresponding to the rate of delivery of the spirals thereon.
To prevent the yarn from spreading over the ends of the before-mentioned
roller we place other two rollers on studs one at or near each end of the same
between which guiding rollers the yarn passes. We obtain the motion suitable
to traverse the roller carriage from the well known motion by which the jack
is caused to travel on its post; but as this motion may be independently obtained
from the motion of the swift we do not confine ourselves thereto. Motion is

page_text: proximately conveyed to the roller carriage by means of an endless chain or
band, but this also may be varied, and we do not confine ourselves thereto, our
Invention being the traversing upon its post or pillar a suitable carriage having
a roller furnished with upright guiding rollers by means of a motion
corresponding more or less exactly to the motion which is imparted to the jack
in laying the yarn spirally upon the swift by which the yarn may be kept
disentangled when being taken off.
Instead of the roller and guiding rollers above described a tube or similar
stationary guide may be substituted, but this we also regard as within the limits
of our Invention.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRASS, AND COPPER TUBES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Webber Lindsay at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1867.
I, ROBERT WEBBER LINDSAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,.
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRASS, AND COPPER TUBES,"
to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the arrangement or combination herein-after-
described of the parts of machinery for the manufacture of brass and copper
tubes, by which improvements two or more brass or copper tubes can be
simultaneously drawn at one draw bench.
In arranging or combining the parts of the said machinery for the simulta-
neous drawing of two brass or copper tubes according to my Invention I affix
to the chain by which the drawing is effected a block or waggon, in which two
recesses are made for the reception of two pairs of clips or forceps which
grip the mandrils during the drawing process; or when tubes are drawn,
without mandrils I employ compound plyers or forceps of the kind herein-after-
described. The draw plates which I employ consist of square plates of steel.
having holes in them of the ordinary kind, the holes through which the two.
tubes are drawn being made in separate plates; these plates are supported in
an upright in a groove, in which the said plates are introduced and fixed; the
said plates have a slight play in the said groove in order to allow them to

page_text: take an exact position with respect to the clips or forceps during the drawing.
The compound plyers or forceps herein-before referred to have a moveable
tongue or projection inserted between their blades. In using these plyers or
forceps the moveable tongue or projection is placed between the two tubes, and
the blades of the forceps or plyers are placed on the outer sides of the two tubes;
on closing the said forceps and fixing them to the drawing chain the tubes to
be drawn are gripped between the blades of the plyers or forceps and the
moveable tongue or projection. The tubes to be drawn having been passed
through the holes in the draw plates, and the tubes or mandrils gripped by the
clips, or plyers, or forceps, the drawing is effected in the ordinary manner.
By making the draw bench of greater width, and by making the drawing
block or waggon of greater width, and forming recesses in the said drawing
block or waggon for three or more pairs of clips or forceps and using three or
more draw plates, three or more tubes may be simultaneously drawn.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALL CARTRIDGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Howard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1867.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM HOWARD, of Gloucester Street, Queen Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gun Maker's Assistant, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BALL CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a small portable apparatus for
fixing or cramping the ball or bullet into the metallic cartridge case known as
the "Boxer" cartridge case. The bullet used with this kind of cartridge
case is of a cylindro-conoidal form, the cylindrical part having circumferential
grooves for the reception of the lubricating material or compound. This part
is slipped into the mouth of the thin metallic cartridge case containing the
powder, and is fixed therein by pressing or cramping the cylinder of thin
metal into one of the grooves of the bullet. The apparatus which I propose
to employ for this purpose consists of a base having a partially cylindrical
groove of a suitable form and size to receive the cartridge case. At one end
of this groove (and at right angles thereto) is a gauge plate having a
circular hole to receive the conical part of the bullet. Attached by a joint to
the base is mounted a lever (lying also at right angles across the groove)
provided with a concave notch. The form and position of this lever are such

page_text: that when it is raised, and a charged cartridge case with the bullet inserted in
the mouth is laid in the groove and pressed forward until its conical fore end
fits into the hole in the gauge plate, the notch in the lever is exactly over one
of the circumferential grooves; pressure is now applied to the lever with one
hand whilst the cartridge is rotated with the other, which will have the effect
of cramping or indenting the thin metal case into one of the circumferential
grooves of the bullet so as to attach the same firmly thereto. It will be evident
that the lever may be so formed (if required) as to cramp or indent the metal
into two or more grooves at the same time.
IMPROVED APPARATUS AND MECHANISM TO BE USED FOR AWNINGS OR COVERINGS FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry James Cole and William
Chisholm Horton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd February 1867.
We, HENRY JAMES COLE, of Kennington Cross, in the County of Surrey,
Builder, and WILLIAM CHISHOLM HORTON, of Kennington Road, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
AND MECHANISM TO BE USED FOR AWNINGS OR COVERINGS FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of certain apparatus and mecha-
nism whereby moveable awnings or coverings for the outside seats of
omnibuses and other vehicles may be fitted to such vehicles in a manner
that will render the same capable of being removed from or extended above
such seats forming a sun shade and weather covering over the passengers on
the outside seats. Attached to the body of the omnibus or vehicle at each
corner thereof are guide rods, which have rings sliding thereon by which the
uprights of two side rails are thereto secured; these uprights having at their
lower ends chains or cords secured to the same, such chains or cords being
carried transversely under the roof of the omnibus (or at other equivalent
part of a vehicle) to and over drums supported on a rotative shaft running
from end to end of the omnibus or vehicle; this shaft has at the rear end (or
other convenient position) a ratchet wheel with a stop, pall, or catch acting
therewith. Midway between the side rails is an arrangement of central support
consisting of an upright with a hook or connector by which a top rod is

page_text: hooked or connected, on which is jointed at its other or fore end to a fixed rib
at or near the front and on the side rail; curved ribs or rods are secured
capable of sliding thereon, and these rest upon the central rod; these irons
are braced by straps, if necessary; the awning or covering is streched across
from side rail to side rail and secured thereto. It can be made with apertures
laced over, the same being covered by an apron piece, thus a wind valve is
obtained. A winch bandle is used to turn the shaft, and upon doing this the
chains or cords are wound on the drums, and thus pull up the side supports,
the upright for the central support being first connected with the central
support rod and placed in position for action. The ratchet and pall or stop
aforesaid keep the rods and rails in position when up for use. By means of
eords or other connectors the awning or covering may be extended all over
the roof or drawn up close together, as may be desired. The side rods are
disposed of out of the way by the action of the chains, cords, and drums, as
before referred to. Instead of the guide rods telescope tubes may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Shaw and John Stirk at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
20th July 1867.
We, ROBERT SHAW, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, and JOHN
STIRK, of the same Place, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK-MAKING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to construct bricks by a simple and direct
acting apparatus, thereby ensuring a durable machine as well as one that may
be worked economically.
We effect this by the use of an ordinary vertical pug mill (for disintegrating
the lumps of clay) having at the bottom an aperture of or about the size of
an ordinary brick, and placed over a suitable rectangular table, which sustains
a shaft having a double ratchet wheel upon it and driven by suitable gearing.
Between the top of the table and the bottom of the pug mill a space of the
depth, say, of a brick intervenes to permit the passage of a series of moulds
placed across the table. The moulds although close to each other are in no
way connected, but are successively traversed along the table by the action of
the ratchet wheels upon projections on their extremities, and each in turn
comes under the aperture in the bottom of the pug mill, receives a charge of
clay, and is thrust forward by the one behind it, a drag roller rotating on
the top of the moulds keeping each in its place. If needful pressure may
then be put upon it by means of a die having a vertical reciprocatory action,

page_text: and actuated by a lever and cam motion, and the brick may then be dis-
charged from the mould by being thrust out through a perforated portion of
the table upon an endless band below. An endless band is also used for
feeding the moulds to be charged with clay, and the whole is actuated by
ordinary mechanical appliances.
A NEW AND IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May 1867.
I, JAMES SIMPSON, of Hulme, in the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Frame Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW AND IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN
PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of facilitating the process of
obtaining enlarged photographic pictures from small negatives, and also for
producing from such negative a superior positive print than is obtained with
the process now adopted; and the improvements consist in the employment
and use of an ordinary photographic camera and lens in connection with an
elongated conical dark tube or other shaped box, which may be constructed
of one given length or arranged telescopically in order that it may be diminished
or elongated in length. The camera or cameras are connected with the
dark box so as to have the lens enclosed and embraced by the narrow end of
the cone, or inserted in one side of the box, the opposite end or base being
provided and enclosed with a slide or slides constructed like the ordinary dark
slide of a camera in order that it can receive a sheet of paper or other
material having a previously prepared sensitized surface; the ordinary dark
slide of the camera at the reverse end and outside the conical box is arranged
so as to receive the negative to be printed from, which thereby becomes the
only medium through which the light entering the box will be allowed to
penetrate, the rays of light so entering the box being diffused and governed

page_text: according to the opacity or transparency of the negative, become in their
passage through the lens gradually enlarged until they strike upon and are
received by the previously sensitized surface placed at the base of the cone,
the result of which is a direct enlarged positive print, the depth or intensity
of which is regulated according to the time the sensitized surface is exposed
to the action of light through the negative and lens. The conical dark box
is provided with sliding doors, one near the adjusting screw of the lens, and
the other for the operator to look through in order that the greatest nicety of
focus may be obtained before exposing the sensitized surface, the doors being
closed before such exposure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING REVOLVING SHUTTERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith and John Lawson
Ibbotson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th May 1867.
We, JOHN SMITH and JOHN LAWSON IBBOTSON, both of Barrow-in-Furness,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING AND LOWERING REVOLVING SHUTTERS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists of a crank handle whereby motion is given to
toothed wheels causing a drum or pulley to revolve. Round the said drum
or pulley and over a similar one at the top of the window is drawn tightly a
steel belt or band. The top pulley or drum is attached to a roller on which
the shutter is coiled when wound up. We have a pawl working in the teeth
of the toothed wheels, by which means the shutter can be stopped at any
point; the said pawl is fitted with a handle, by pulling which the toothed
wheels are released and the weight of the shutters causes them to descend.
To ease the dead drag on the rollers and to cause the shutters to coil up more
smoothly a small friction roller is so fitted behind the shutter that it will pass
over it on to the main roller. Instead of a friction roller two loose pulleys
may be employed, one at each end, which will serve the same purpose.
A NEW APPLICATION OF GAS BURNERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francois Adolphe Mocquard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1867.
I, FRANCOIS ADOLPHE MOCQUARD, of No. 32, Cours Belzunce, Marseille, in
the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW APPLICATION OF GAS BURNERS," to be as follows,
that is to say:
The Invention consists in modifying ordinary gas burners to render them
applicable to the combustion of portable gas, rich gas, and carburetted gas
for the purpose of effecting and on the principle of the dilatation of gas by the
employment of a chamber or receiver placed between the lower and the upper
part of the burner, which chamber may at discretion be provided with a
stopper. The lower part is provided with one or several narrow openings to
give passage to the gas and spread it over the receiver. This principle may
also be applied to the portable burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS MORE PARTICULARLY SUCH AS ARE USED FOR THE RECEPTION, OR DEPOSIT, OR BOTH, OF OFFAL, EXCREMENT, URINE, OR OTHER FECAL OR WASTE MATTER OR SUBSTANCE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th June 1867.-A communication from Andrew Rankin, residing at
New York City, in the State of New York, United States of America.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, and 24, Rue
du Mont Thábor, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS MORE
PARTICULARLY SUCH AS ARE USED FOR THE RECEPTION, OR DEPOSIT, OR BOTH, OF
OFFAL, EXCREMENT, URINE, OR OTHER FECAL OR WASTE MATTER OR SUBSTANCE," a.
communication from Andrew Rankin, a person resident at New York City,
in the State of New York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
In the present instance my improvement in vessels used for the reception,
or deposit, or both, of offal, excrement, urine, or other fecal or waste matter or
substances is principally illustrated in connection with the cover or lid for
such vessels, although it can be adapted to some part or portion of the body
of the vessels; the principle of this Invention simply consisting in so forming
such vessels or their covers or lids, or any part connected with either, as to.
adapt them to the reception and holding of any deodorizing or preservative.
material, substance, compound, or liquid for fecal and other refuse matters in

page_text: a manner independent of and free from the fecal or other waste matter which
the vessels may contain, and either in combination or not; with so constructing"
such chambers or receptacles of the vessels or their covers or lids for the
deodorizing or preservative agent used that at any time or times, when so
desired, such agent can be discharged into the vessels in quantities more or
less great according as may be necessary to produce the required effect upon
the fecal or other waste matter contained therein without opening such vessel
or exposing its contents to the air, when by closing such communication the
discharge of the preservative deodorizing agent into the vessels can be stopped.
Reference is had to the accompanying Plates of Drawings, in which A is the
cover or lid; B, the chamber; D, a nozzle through which the deodorizing
material is introduced into the chamber; E, the bottom; F, radical or
opening slots to let fall the material in the body of the vessel; G, arms to
close the slots; K, central shaft on which are mounted the arms; I, handle
to move the central shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Trevythan Trenery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
November 1867.
I, EDWARD TREVYTHAN TRENERY, of Gainsbrough, in the County of
Lincoln, Railway Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
mechanism for propelling traction engines or common road locomotives, and
to an arrangement of apparatus for steering or guiding the same.
In carrying out this Invention both the hind and front axles are driving
axles, the one deriving its rotatory motion from the crank shaft of the engine
through the medium of toothed gearing or pitch chains, and the other
receiving its motion from the first axle by the intervention of a countershaft
and bevel gearing. The front axle is made in three lengths jointed together
by universal joints in order to afford facility for its assuming an angular
position when turning curves or corners. One of the wheels on each axle is
made fast thereon, whilst the wheel on the opposite end of the axle is loose,
whereby greater freedom of evolution is obtained.
Sometimes I couple one or both these loose wheels with their axles by the
aid of a sliding clutch or clutches, in which case I am enabled to have at will
two, three, or even four driving wheels. The steering is effected from the
fire-box end of the engine by the aid of a longitudinal rod worked either by
a nut and screw or by a worm wheel and rack or otherwise, which rod is
connected at its front end to a lever arm in a vertical rocking shaft carried

page_text: in suitable supports at the front of the engine. To the lower end of this
shaft there are keyed transversely two horizontal lever arms, each of which
is coupled by a link to one end of the front axle, or to pedestals, or bearings
carrying the axle, such pedestals or bearings being free to slide between
suitable guides in the main framing. By moving the longitudinal rod to or
fro the rocking shaft will be turned more or less, and the front axle will be
caused to assume the angle required according to the direction in which the
engine is to travel. The whole is mounted upon a strong frame which is
extended sufficiently far behind the fire-box to carry a tender containing a
supply of coals and water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS BY WHICH THE OSCILLATIONS OF THE COMB IN THE CARDING ENGINE, THE KNIFE IN THE COTTON GIN, AND THE SAW IN THE REAPING MACHINE, OR RECIPROCATING SAW MAY BE READILY MULTIPLIED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robertson and Charles
James Waddell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st June 1867.
We, WILLIAM ROBERTSON and CHARLES JAMES WADDELL, both of 17, Queen's
Chambers, Market Street, in the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS BY WHICH THE OSCILLATIONS OF THE COMB IN
THE CARDING ENGINE, THE KNIFE IN THE COTTON GIN, AND THE SAW IN THE
REAPING MACHINE, OR RECIPROCATING SAW MAY BE READILY MULTIPLIED," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
We employ as the instrument of multiplication a knee joint having three
axes, two external and one central; of the external one is a fixed stud the
other is a stud fastened in the part whose oscillations are to be multiplied;
the central axis is moved equally on each side of the line joining the three
axes when the joint is unbent and the external axes are thereby made to.
approach and recede from each other twice for each oscillation. In employing
more than one multiplication the second external axis is a stud in one of the
legs of the second multiplying joint.
The construction is as follows:-We connect to the central axis of a knee
joint that end of the connecting rod which is not placed on the crank or other
equivalent source of oscillation, the crank or its equivalent being of such
length and communicating such a number of oscillations as when multiplied

page_text: by twice the number of knee joints employed will produce the ultimate
number of oscillations required. We connect the last leg of the last joint
used to the arm fastened to the comb stock of the carding engine, to the
oscillating arm of the knife of the cotton gin, or to the saw of the reaping
machine and reciprocating saw. By the above arrangement the revolutions
of the crank are reduced one-half or one-fourth and farther if necessary,
whilst the ultimate oscillations of the comb, knife, or saw remain the same.
In the carding engine this arrangement enables us to use the first inter-
mediate from the main cylinder, its cannon and shaft, by proportioning the size
and velocity so as to suit the circumstances required for driving the knee
joint at the necessary rate, though we do not confine ourselves to this method.
It also enables us so to modify the parts employed as to give the usual
number of reciprocations to a hand or foot saw without the interposition of
cranks or wheels.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS USED IN DENTISTRY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1867.-A communication from abroad by John Alexander
McClelland, of Louisville, in the State of Kentucky, United States of
America.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS USED IN
DENTISTRY," to be as follows:-
The present Invention relates to an improved treatment of cotton or other
fibrous materials to be used for dental plates more particularly, although it can
be applied to other uses in dentistry, as for instance, a filling for teeth or for
other purposes either alone or in combination with gum, shellac, or other
resinous or gummy substance or material or materials.
And the present Invention consists in mixing with cotton, flax, hemp, or
other fibrous material or materials which has been previously dissolved or
treated with acids, as is now done in the making of collodion and gun cotton,
shellac, or other equivalent material, with or without suitable coloring material
in a state of solution, when the mixture is then dried on a glass or other sur-

page_text: face.
If the material composed of cotton or other fibre, and shellac or its
equivalent, mixed together as above described, be applied to a glass surface for
being dried it can be formed into thin sheets, and such sheets be cut up into
small particles adapted for use or for being stored or transported.
In using the material produced from fibre as above described, if to be
moulded a sufficient quantity of it is first placed in the mould or moulds, when
applying a quantity of ether or other solvent suitable to partially re-dissolve
the material its particles are thus caused to reunite into one mass, when pres-
sure being applied sufficient for moulding the material in the mould, while
from the material therein the ether or other solvent and moisture are
exhausted by placing the mould under an exhauster or air pump or in any
other suitable manner.
If found desirable and to ensure the more perfect evaporation of the ether
from the material while being moulded, and to ensure the retention by the
article of its shape after removal from the mould, heat dry or wet may be
applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lockwood and Henry Shaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 31st January 1867.
We, JOHN LOCKWOOD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, and
HENRY SHAW, of the same Place, Engineer and Boiler Inspector, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO BOILERS OR STEAM GENERATORS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the furnaces or fire-boxes for steam
boilers separate from the boilers, and with the grate bars in or nearly in a
vertical position, but arranged to be adjustable to any desirable inclination from
the vertical, and by preference we employ rocking grate bars constructed
according to the Specification of a Patent granted to one of us, viz., the said
John Lockwood, dated August 22nd, A.D. 1865, No. 2158, but other ordinary
kinds of grate bars may be employed. These fire-boxes we construct of metal,
and the sides may be lined with fire-brick to prevent burning of the metal, or
may be hollow and form water spaces for the feed water to pass through. At
the top of the said furnace is a hopper for receiving the supply of fuel, and at
the bottom is hinged a dead plate or door which can be opened for the removal
of the ashes and clinkers. This construction of fire-box we apply to the outer
end of a boiler opposite to the ordinary fire-box or to the flue, and when applying
it to. existing boilers all the ordinary grate bars and other fittings are removed
therefrom. A series of tubes are also placed in or nearly in a vertical position

page_text: betwixt the grate bars and the outer end of the boiler flue, leaving a suitable
space betwixt the said grate bars and tubes for the reception and retention of
fuel; these tubes are connected to a chamber or water space at their top and
bottom ends, each of which chambers is connected by pipes to the boiler, the
one above and the other below the flue. In front of the grate bars or outside
thereof we arrange one, two, or more doors to either slide or turn on hinges to
open or close for admission of more or less air as may be required.
AN APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING SWIMMING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1867.
I, ALFRED FORD, of 10, Arthur Street West, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING SWIMMING," to be as follows:-
I provide a glove to be worn on each hand, between the fingers of which
is placed a material which when the hand is extended shall represent a
membrane filling up the natural spaces between the fingers and the forefinger
and thumb, and which forms folds between the fingers when they are approxi-
mated to each other after the manner of a duck's foot.
I do not confine myself to any particular structure or fabric in the
manufacture, although I prefer india-rubber sheeting similar to that used for
tobacco pouches. Care is taken not to interfere with the natural motions of
the hand by leaving the principal points unfettered, and and leaving the
palm free.
The object of this Invention is to prevent the loss of power which obtains
in the act of swimming as performed by man, and by consequence to render
swimming easier and more rapid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DATING OR PRINTING OF RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Adams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June 1867.
I, JAMES ADAMS, Engineer, of 5, St. John's Terrace, Sadler's Wells, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DATING OR PRINTING OF RAILWAY AND
OTHER TICKETS," to be as follows:-
Upon a small iron frame I fix two upright standards, in one of which is
drilled two holes, and in the other one hole; into two of these holes is fitted a
horizontal shaft having an arm or crank fixed on to one end, and a similar
arm or crank is fitted into the other hole, and upon these two arms or cranks
is fitted another upright having a box or case for carrying the type for printing
at the bottom. In front of the iron frame is fitted a recess or mouth piece to
receive the ticket to be dated, and working upon two uprights beneath the type
box is placed horizontally a moveable ink tray, so that when the ticket is
pressed into the mouth piece it moves forward, the ink tray then lowers itself,
and the type comes down parellel upon the ticket and dates it; the machine is
then brought back to its former position by means of a steel spring spring fixed
on to the horizontal shaft working in the upright standards; or the machines
may be made to work backwards and forwards in a quarter circle, and the ink
tray placed virtically instead of horizontaly, and the ink tray made to slightly
revolve upon each ticket being dated by means of a catch or ratchet. The arm
carring the type box will be made to turn back to the half circle, so that it
will be easy to examine or change the type. The two machines are made
so that you can regulate them to any degree of speed for printing, and are
encased in small boxes clear from dust or dirt.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REEDS AND HEALDS USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th July
1867.
I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Reed and
Heald Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REEDS AND HEALDS USED IN WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The first part of my improvements relate to the manufacture of reeds. I
employ a lapped rib or balk as a binder for the dents; I take two ribs or
balks which are partially hollow on the flat side, into the hollow I place a rod
or mandril; I then lap them with wire the required sett or fineness; then on
the round or underneath side of the rib or balk I apply a composition that
adheres and dries quickly; when dry I pull out the mandril, which leaves the
rib or balk lapped with wire the required sett or fineness; I take two of these
ribs and fill the internal space previously occupied by the rod or mandril with
gutta percha or composition; I place these two ribs a suitable distance apart,
and insert the dents or wires betwixt the laps, letting them rest upon the gutta
percha, which is inside. I now apply heat sufficiently to soften the gutta
percha, and press the dents down through the gutta percha on to the ribs, and
insert up inside the laps on the top of the dents lengths of wire of a sufficient
thickness to keep the dents down; I place on the top of the laps strips of
gutta percha, which are softened by heat; I then take two more ribs or balks
which have holes bored through them, say, about every two inches, and place
them on the top of the gutta percha strips, and press then down until they
rest upon the laps, thereby the gutta percha will be forced up through the

page_text: holes, which are countersunk on the other side, and so form good rivets when
the whole is cool; the reed is then ready for finishing off.
The second part of my improvements consists in lapping the staves or shafts
upon which the healds or heddles are put when used in weaving. Healds are
now knit either by hand or machinery, and either with mails or nooses, and
are either knit upon the shafts or staves or are placed upon them previous to
being put into work.
My improvement consists in taking these shafts or staves and lapping them
with some cheap and durable material; I have found small round wire to
answer very well; I then attach my healds or threads to the inside edges of
the shafts (which are slightly grooved or hollowed) by means of a spiral
spring, which I press into the groove between the laps, and then insert a length
of wire. I thus obtain a perfect and more durable heald, and save about
one-third of the yarn which is generally used.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HARMONIUMS AND ORGANS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Kelly and Constant Laurent
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
7th January 1867.
We, CHARLES KELLY, of No. 11, Charles Street, Berners Street, and
CONSTANT LAURENT, of No. 85, High Street, Marylebone, both in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HARMONIUMS AND ORGANS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to a new arrangement of mechanism for
obtaining a "forte" action in harmoniums and organs which is much more
simple and effective than any arrangement heretofore employed, and which is
perfectly under the control of the performer. It consists in fixing above the
"vibrators" in harmoniums and in any part of the box enclosing the pipes in
organs a solid cover entirely enclosing the works. In this cover are formed
one or more openings with bevilled or conical sides, in which fit valves with
correspondingly bevilled or conical sides, so that by the simple weight of the
valves they wedge themselves to such an extent into the openings or seats as
to close the latter in the most perfect manner. This particular form of the
valve and its seat is an essential feature in our Invention, as all valves made
heretofore have been formed on the principle of "louvre boards," turning on
hinges or centres in the middle of the opening, and requiring more or less
pressure by a spring to be closed effectually. The aforesaid valves are
attached to levers working on fixed fulcra, upon which the valves consequently
hinge when they are opened and closed; they have attached to them for this

page_text: purpose one or more arms connected to a double-ended lever, which in its
turn is acted upon so as to open and close the valves either by a "draw stop
action" or by a rod actuated by the pressure of the air in the bellows or
reservoir. When two or more such valves are employed they are connected
together by rods so as all to be opened or closed at the same time by one and
the same action.
In another arrangement for harmoniums, in place of the conical valves
before described we make the valves of the form known as "gridiron valves,"
that is, with alternate bars and openings corresponding with a series of
openings formed in the before-mentioned cover, so that such latter openings
are closed or opened by sliding the valves backwards or forwards. The motion
of these valves is effected by levers actuated either by a "draw stop action
or by a "knee action."
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRINGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holliday at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th September
1867.
I, JOHN HOLLIDAY, of the Firm of Pitman, Walcot, and Holliday, of No. 5,
Wells Street, Falcon Square, in the City of London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRINGES," to be as
follows:-
Fringes are often provided with ornamental tips and other ornaments
covered with silk and other material of costly manufacture and sewn or
stitched to the fringe.
The object of the improvements is to save a part of such cost by employing
tips or other ornaments formed of wood or other material for the ends or
other parts of fringes, gilt or otherwise ornamented to represent covering, and
adapted to impart a more brilliant or ornamental effect to the fringe. These
tips or other ornaments are by preference fixed to the fringes by pressure
applied to the fringe to force or draw it partly or wholly through the
ornaments, thus saving the cost of sewing them on to the fringe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND BONNETS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SECIFICATION left by Henry Giles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1867.
I, HENRY GILES, of New North Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND BONNETS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to hats and bonnets made of cloth, and consists in
forming on the outside of the hat or bonnet by means of moulds a design or
pattern similar to the plaits of the straw or grass hats and bonnets at present
I first take a hat or bonnet of the shape and size required, and from
it I make a plaister cast; from the said plaister cast I form a wax mould, and
from the said wax mould I take an electrotype in copper. This said copper
electrotype serves as the mould in which the hat or bonnet is formed and
figured. I also make a plunge of vulcanized india-rubber of the desired shape
of the hat or bonnet to be produced, which is made to fit into the said electro-
type mould. I fix the said copper electrotype mould and the said vulcanized
india-rubber plunge on any machine that will exert great pressure, such as an
ordinary fly press, which said press I heat by gas, steam, or other heating
agent. I then take two or three thicknesses of cotton cloth, stiffen the same
and size them with a waterproof solution, cut them the required size and shape,
and place them between the said rubber plunge and the copper electrotype,
and by means of the heavy pressure brought to bear upon the rubber it will

page_text: expand and force the cloth against the electrotype. By this means the pieces
of cloth will be found to be impressed with the straw pattern electrotyped on
the copper mould, and will also have been pressed into the shape and size
required for the hat or bonnet to be produced. The pieces of cotton cloth
above mentioned are cemented together in any well known manner, and the 5
hat is rendered perfectly waterproof by the solution previously applied
thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES, FIRE-PLACES, AND FIRE-BARS FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE AND GASES ARISING FROM PRODUCTS AND THE NON-CONSUMPTION OF FIRE-BARS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October 1867.
I, THOMAS BIRD, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES, FIRE-PLACES, AND FIRE-BARS FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE AND
GASES ARISING FROM PRODUCTS AND THE NON-CONSUMPTION OF FIRE-BARS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to James Robertson, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, entitled "Improvements in Furnaces or Fire-places, and
in the Fire-bars to be used therein," bearing date the Eighth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, Number
2586. The principal part of James Robertson's Invention consisted in having
at the back of the furnace a hollow box bridge with perforations at the top,
and also placing near the front of the bridge a number of perforated tubes,
the holes in the bridge and perforations in the tubes being for the supply of
gases.
air from the ash-pit for assisting the combustion of the smoke and
employ the hollow box bridge with perforations at the top, and also the
perforated tubes, but in connection with them I use hollow fire-bars having
apertures near their front ends and opening at the back into the perforated
tubes or perforated box bridge for the purpose of enabling the air to be heated
I

page_text: by the fire in the furnace before it arrives at the said tubes and box bridge,
and also to prevent the bars from burning and wasting so much as in ordinary
practice. And where two bars are required I make them with male and
female joints to prevent the ashes from getting in, as also to ensure the air
passing more directly through them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Allan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1867.
I, ARCHIBALD ALLAN, of Bower Bridge, in the County of Cumberland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES
APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of constructing brake blocks
to be applied to carriages and other vehicles, the object being to bring the
whole surface of the blocks to bear upon the wheels independent of the
position of the body of the carriage, so that an effectual retardation may be
applied to the carriage at any time.
The arrangement of mechanism consists of a block of wood or other
material faced with steel, iron, or leather, or other material. In this block a
recess is formed into which a spring is fixed, which acts upon one end of a
bent piu or its equivalent; one arm of which is fitted into the rod or shaft on
which the brake blocks are carried, and the other end is situated parallel to
the face of the block. When the brake is applied the blocks being loose upon
the shaft accomodate themselves to the periphery of the wheels independent

page_text: of each other, and the bent pin or its equivalent being always forced into the
same position is made to press out the spring according to the distance the block
has turned for the purpose of clasping the wheel. When the brake is released
the spring pressing against the arm of the bent pin or its equivalent causes
the block to resume its former position upon the shaft.