A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR RECOVERY OF TAB AND AMMONIA FROM THE VOLATILE PRODUCTS OF COKE FURNACES
Year: 1882

page_text: THE
LETTERS PATENT to Jasper Wetter, of New Wandsworth, Surrey for an
Invention of A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR
RECOVERY OF TAB AND AMMONIA FROM THE VOLATILE PRODUCTS OF COKE
FURNACES a communication to him from abroad by Johann Friedrich
Gottlieb Hornig, of Dresden, in the kingdom of Saxony
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jasper Wetter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1882.
JASPER WETTER of New Wandsworth, Surrey, A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS
AND APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF TAR AND AMMONIA FROM THE VOLATILE
"
PRODUCTS OF COKE-FURNACES," a communication to me from abroad by Johann
Friedrich Gottlieb Hornig, of Dresden, in the kingdom of Saxony,
This invention consists in placing a three way-valve in the flue or flues through
which the gaseous products of two coke-furnaces are discharged, in such a manner
that either the one or the other of the two furnaces may be shut off from the flue
by the same valve. Also in an apparatus for separating the tar from the ammo-
niacal liquor, which apparatus is mainly a jacketed vessel open at the top and
provided with partitions, the jacket being in communication with the gas flue from
the furnaces, while the interior of the vessel receives the mixture of tar and
ammoniacal water running from the condensers, the partitions being so arranged
that one (the shorter one) divides the arriving liquid mixture from the main
vessel, allowing them to communicate at the bottom, while the other reaches nearly
to the bottom and forms a channel for the upward flow of the tar from the bottom
of the main vessel. Also in a scrubber for separating the ammonia from the gases
which have escaped from the coke-furnace, said scrubber being chiefly a vertical

page_text: vessel provided with an inlet for the gases at the bottom and an outlet at the top,
and containing a number of inclined shelves or plates over which ammoniacal water
is caused to trickle from the top. The shelves are attached alternately to the right
and left wall of the vessel and reach beyond the centre. They are slightly bent
upward at their lower end, so as to cause an overflow and are perforated near
their lower end to cause liquor to trickle in a fine rain upon the next lower
shelf. The gases enter the scrubber after having passed through the separator and
condenser, and ammoniacal liquor is pumped to the top of the scrubber by a small
pump from the tank into which it flows from the separator (for tar and ammonia)
above described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Jasper Wetter in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th April
1883.
"
JASPER WETTER, of New Wandsworth, Surrey. A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS
AND APPARATUS FOR THE RECOVERY OF TAR AND AMMONIA FROM THE VOLATILE
PRODUCTS OF COKE-FURNACES," a communication to me from abroad by Johann
Friedrich Gottlieb Hornig, of Dresden, in the kingdom of Saxony,
This invention has for its object the recovery of tar and ammonia from the
volatile products of coke-ovens.
In describing this invention reference will be had to the accompanying drawing
(Figs. 1 to 9), in which Fig. 1 represents partly a vertical section and partly an
elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan of an apparatus embodying this invention, while the
remaining figures are detail views on a larger scale.
Each of the closed coke ovens A and A' is provided near its ends with two square
apertures situated in the crown of the arch, which apertures pass through the roof
of said ovens and are covered with a stone lid. The corresponding apertures of
two contiguous coke ovens are connected with each other by a cross channel b. In
the centre of this channel is placed a three-way valve C, by which the coke ovens A
and A' are alternately put into communication with the discharge pipe B for the
gaseous products of the coke.
In Figs. 3 and 4 this three-way valve is represented on a larger scale; it is
enclosed in a crosspipe, the two branches e and d of which are situated in the said
cross channel, while the end fis closed, and the end g communicates with the pipe B
leading along the roof of the coke ovens.
The valve K, which may be turned by means of the lever hand the shaft i, may
be made to connect either the furnace A or the furnace A' with the pipe B leading
to the condensers M. Through the pipes B and B' the gases pass into the tar
separator D, which apparatus is represented by Figs. 5 and 6 on an enlarged
scale..
The tar separator consists in a jacketed vessel made of cast iron, between the
walls of which the gases are conducted so as to heat the interior of the vessel
before passing to the condensers.
The products of condensation running from the condensers M enter the separating
apparatus D at E and arrive below the partition m in the larger compartment F,
where owing to the heating a rapid and thorough separation of the ammoniacal
liquor from tar takes place.
The tar flows below the partition n into the chamber G, from where it flows
through the channel H into the tar reservoir T, while the ammoniacal liquor flows
through the channel K into the small reservoir for ammoniacal liquor L
The products of condensation, which may settle in small quantities between the
double walls of the tar separator, are from time to time pumped into the interior
of the separating vessel by means of a small hand pump screwed to the cover of
the apparatus. After the gases have passed through the tar separator, they enter
a series of condensers M cooled by means of water. These condensers may be
of any well known construction.
The cooling water is supplied by the small steam pump N, enters the first
condenser from below, rises through several pipes and enters the second condenser
from above; subsequently it descends through the pipes of the same, so as to arrive
in the third condenser, and so on through as many condensers as may be required.
Leaving these condensers the gases enter one or more scrubbers 0, (represented
by Figures 8 and 9 on a larger scale).

page_text: The gas enters through the lower pipe connection O' and escapes through the
upper pipe connection 02, while ammoniacal liquor, pumped from the reservoir L
by means of the steam pump N', is introduced into the scrubber through pipes p.
The ammoniacal liquor first fills the channel p' and falls over the rim of the
same on the inclined plate q, the end of which is slightly bent upward so as to
stow the ammoniacal liquor before it falls on the second inclined plate ql, which is
of the same construction, and from where the liquor flows successively over the
plates g³, 93, 9' and succeeding plates.
The plates are perforated near their lower ends to cause the ammoniacal liquor
to trickle also in a fine shower upon the next lower plate, so that the gas not only
passes over the wet plates, but also through the fine shower.
When arrived at the bottom of the scrubber, the ammoniacal liquor passes
through the tub P into the large reservoir Q.
The exhauster R then forces the gases through three vessels S filled with acid,
by which the remainder of the ammonia is separated from the gases. The gases
arrive with some pressure in the pipe T, from which they are conducted to the
combustion chamber of the coke ovens, or of steam-generators, or to other places
where they may be utilized for heating purposes
If the exhauster is not in operation, the gases are conducted through abent
nine T¹ directly into the nine T
1. The application of a three-way-valve for putting either of two coke furnaces in
communication with the gas purifying apparatus, substantially as described.
2. An apparatus for separating the tar from the ammoniacal liquor, consisting
essentially_of_a.jacketed vessel heated by the fumes of the coke furnaces,
and provided with partitions, substantially as described
3. The scrubber for separating the ammonia from the fumes of coke-furnaces,
substantially as described and illustrated by Figures 8 and 9.
In Witness whereof I, the said Jasper Wetter, have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty eighth day of April A.D. 1883.