NEW INVENTED APPARATUS FOR RAISING BEER, ALE, WINE, SPIRITS, OIL, OR ANY OTHER LIQUIDS FROM CELLARS OR OTHER, LOW PLACES TO A HIGHER OR MORE ELEVATED SITUATION, WITH MORE EASE AND FACILITY, AND LESS, EXPENCE, THAN ANY THING EVER - BEFORE INVENTED
Year: 1798

page_text: TO ALL PEOPLE TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
THOMAS STATON, of Castle Street Park, Southwark, in the County of Surrey,
Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under His Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Seventh day of August, in the thirty-eighth year of His
reign, did grant unto me, the said Thomas Staton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, His said Majesty's especial licence, full power, sole
priviledge and authority, that I, the said Thomas Staton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself and themselves, or
by mine and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such others as I,
the said Thomas Staton, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend my "NEW INVENTED APPARATUS FOR
RAISING BEER, ALE, WINE, SPIRITS, OIL, OR ANY OTHER LIQUIDS FROM CELLARS
OR OTHER, LOW PLACES TO A HIGHER OR MORE ELEVATED SITUATION, WITH MORE
EASE AND FACILITY, AND LESS, EXPENCE, THAN ANY THING EVER - BEFORE
INVENTED," within that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in
L
L
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page_text: such manner as to me, the said Thomas Staton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or any of them, should in their discretions seem meet, and that I,
the said Thomas Staton, my exécutors, administrators, and assigns, should and
lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advan-
tage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the
said Invention, for and during the term of years therein mentioned; to have,
hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, priviledges, and advantages
therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted unto me, the said Thomas
Staton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during and unto the
full end and term of fourteen years from the date thereof next and imme-
diately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, according to the Statute in
such case made and provided; in which said recited Letters Patent is contained
a proviso, that, if I, the said Thomas Staton, should not particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month next and immediately after the date thereof, that
then the said recited Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatso-
ever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, any
thing therein-before contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, as
in and by the said in part recited Letters Patent, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Staton, do hereby describe my
'said Invention, and declare that the same is of the description and to be per-
formed as appears by and according to the perspective views, geometrical
plans, and elevations of the several parts thereof, hereunto annexed, and as
herein-after particularly mentioned, in explanation of the same, that is to
say :-
It being premised that the principle of my said Invention consists in the
application of either the pressure, or the elasticity of air, to the raising or trans-
ferring of fluids, I perform and claim the right of performing the same, under
and by virtue of the said Letters Patent, by the several means and contrivances,
and by the varieties expedient to the application thereof, for such purposes as
herein and by the annexed Drawings set forth. A, .Fig 1, is a vessel made of
wood, copper, or any other material sufficiently strong and necessarily air-tight;
because it is from the force compressed into that vessel, by means to be described,
that the fluids are to be acted upon, it being essential there should-be a com-
pression of air in the upper part of the air vessel A sufficient to overcome the

page_text: resistance of the fluid or fluids to be raised. Now, in order to produce that
compression or force, the "following means may be used:-B is a cistern of
water, placed at an elevation superior to that of the liquor to be raised; the
pipe R, of lead, copper, or any other material, conveys the water from the
cistern B to the lower part of the air vessel A, which water may be.used .over
again at pleasure by intercepting the communication of the pipe R at any con-
venient place, (turning a cock, as at Q, in order that any common pump may
act upon, and pump up the water from A along the suction pipe X, X, Fig. 2;
or, as a variety, to produce such compression and force, a forcing engine may
be used to condense atmospheric air, without using water, as in Fig. 2; the
pipe C, in that Figure, being the same as the pipe C in the Drawing, proceeding
and continued from the air vessel A; Fig. 2 being in that case made use of
instead of A, B, and R, Fig. 3; or, another variety to produce a compression of
air, to act instead of that which is supposed to be contained in the air vessel A;
may be as follows:-L is a cylinder of wood, metal, or any other suitable
- material, to receive a piston R, of wood, metal, leather, canvas, woollen, or
any other proper material, fitting the cavity or core of the cylinder L, and
moving therein air-tight, in which piston is a valve, V, opening upwards to
admit the air into the cylinder L. The said cylinder L is provided with a cover
likewise air-tight, through which works in a collar of leathers or stuffing-box,
the rod of the piston R, which must be also made smooth and cylindrical. An
aperture is left in the cylinder L at or near the bottom, below the piston, for.
the free admission of air, as at D; W is a weight of sufficient power, (to be
added to at pleasure, so as to overcome the resistance of the fluid to be raised,
and the friction and weight of the piston R,) which weight, passing over the
pullies 2 & 3, and connected with the piston rod by means of the rope or
chain S, S, is made to ascend by means of the windlass 1, or any other suitable
contrivance; the operation of this contrivance being to permit the piston R to
descend and let in through the valve V the atmospheric air; then the weight
being permitted to descend, the piston is drawn up, the air in the cylinder L
becomes compressed, and is forced through the aperture of the pipe C, ana;
lagous to the pipes C, C, in Fig. 1 and 2. But although I have specified these
contrivances as means of procuring a compression of air, I claim the right of
procuring such compression by any adequate means now in use and effectual;
the application of such compression for the purpose of raising fluids being so
above premised, the principle of my Invention, considering a compression and
force of air condensed and obtained, and acting upon, and in the line C, C, in
Fig. 1,.I next proceed to shew the application of such a power to raise fluids

page_text: for the purposes set forth in the title of the said Letters Patent, ` viž¹," the air
cock Z being opened and a communication formed along and through the main
air pipe C, C,.a connexion' is formed, as herein-after described, between the
said main pipe C, C, and the cask to be tapped, such communication to be
made at the head or near the top of the cask or casks intended to be tappeil.
For this purpose a cock made with a male screw as at N, Fig. 4, is affixed
to any part, at pleasure, of the main air pipe C, C, to which, by means of a
female screw, as at g, (Fig. 5,) the hose G, of leather, leäd, or any other suitable
material, may be added, after having been connected with the bung or stopper
Fby means of the tube H, which also is by a proper screw to be added to G.
The said F, Fig. 6, is a bung or stopper, to be made of brass or any other
proper material, guarded with leather, and made completely air tight, which; it
is necessary to observe, is very material to the good working of the apparatus
in general, but particularly till the liquid has passed into the main or delivery
pipe D, D, d, d.. The said stopper or bung F has a cross piece of iron; or any
other suitable material, moving on a joint, so as to enable it to pass through
the bung hole of the cask, as at a, a. The central piece b is a metal screw,
passing through the bung F, and by means of a nut on the outside of the said
bung or stopper, working upon the said metal screw; the piece a, a, is drawn
upwards, the flanche of the bung F is forced downwards, and thus the wholé
rendered air-tight, and the communication made complete by means of a per-
foration through the bung F at H. I have described this as a mode of com-
munication already used; but any communication procured between the main
air pipe and the upper part of the cask, provided it be air-tight; will enable the
apparatus to perform its office, by effecting à pressure of air upon the fluid
contained in the cask. Fig. 7 and 8.-The Figures 7 and 8 are parts belonging
to each other to effect a communication between the lower part of the cask to
be tapped and the main delivery pipe or pipes D, D, and d, d. The Figure 7
at I is a tapping cock, which is to be applied to the cask in the usual way of
tapping L, in Figures 7 and 8, is the same as L in Figure 7, and is a hollow
plug or fosset, connected with the hawse or tapping pipe E, made of leather,
lead, or any other suitable material, and water-tight. This hawse has a female
screw at O, which female screw, adapted to the male screw N of the cocks
N, N; in the pipe D, D, and d, d, the plug or fosset L is put or forced securely
into the aperture of the tapping.cock; K No. 1 is a cask so tapped, the same
letters representing the same parts. The cock N in the pipes D, D, d, d, being
then opened, a communication is formed between the liquor in the cask No. 1
and the cocks T; T, at the place of delivery, represented as a bar, and which
a
i

page_text: liquor, by means of those cocks, may be drawn off at pleasure. In this way
any number of casks may be made to communicate with the cocks T, T; the
lines dotted red' shewing the course of communication which may be opened by
repetitions of the apparatus between the air main and any other casks within the
reach of tapping; but as i it may happen that the ordinary butts or vessells
may be either not sufficiently air-tight, or that they may not be able to bear
the pressure necessary for raising or forcing their liquors up to the required
elevation, then I
prepare one or more vessels, strong in construction, and air-
tight, into which may be racked off the fluid contained in the weaker cask or
casks, as in the instances following, videlicet:Let the cask No. 2 be regarded
as fitted in the same manner as the cask No. 1, and containing liquor, on the sur
face of which a pressure is thrown from the air main C, C, along the dotted
lines. Let the casks 3, 4, 5, 6, or any other number, more or less; be the
strong and air tight vessels to be used for the purpose of racking off liquids
from other, vessells, such as the casks 2; 7, 8. The casks 3, 4, 5; 6, are to be
connected. with the air, main by stop-cocks, as i, i; i, i. In the head of each
of the strong vessels, 3, 4, 5, 6, are air or vent cocks; t, t, t; t, as described in
the marginal Figure t; to admit or discharge the atmospheric air, as occasion may
require; X, X, is a pipe laid and fixed under the level of the casks 3, 4, 5, 6,
into which are soldered cocks with male screws; similar to N, Fig. 4; or N;
Fig. 9, making their number as wanted. These are the same as W, W; in the
pipe X. O, Fig. 9, is a female screw, adapted to the male screw N; Fig. 9;
n, n, is a hawse of leather, lead, or any proper material, well fastened to the
tapping cock b, Fig. 9, which is perforated downwards for the greater con-
venience of tapping the hose n; n, being screwed to either of the W. The cask 2;
or any other within distance, is tapped by entering b, Fig. 9. Then the
comniunication with the air main being opened on the top of the cask 2; and
the vent cocks' of 3, 4, 5, 6, marked t; t, t, t, being opened, and the cominuni-
cations of 3, 4, 5, 6, with the air main being shut, and the cocks K, K, K, K,
or any of them, at pleasure being opened, the liquid is transferred or racked
off from No. 2, 7, 8, at pleasure into 3, 4, 5, 6, or any of them, and being
racked off, and W, W; being shut, and the air cocks t, t, t, t, being shut, and the
air main cocks i; i, i, i, and the cocks-K, K, K, K, being opened, the liquor 'is
forced at pleasure from the casks 3, 4, 5, 6, along the tubes e, e, f, f, into the
delivery main pipes D, D, or d; d, and the effect before described is produced
by, discharging the liquors at the cocks T, T; or such other elevation, as the
pipes are extended to within the power of the compression produced in the air
vessell. Fig. 10 is a barometer of glass, graduated with lines and figures

page_text: charged with quicksilver, the tube being recurved to prevent the loss or escape
of the quicksilver, and united with a brass, copper, or other metallic tube, air-
tight, having a guard or stop-cock, as in the Figure, communicating with the
condensed air in any of the air vessells. The use of this is to shew by the
raising of the quicksilver in the tube the quantity, increase, or diminution of
compression and force in the air vessells or cylinder, as the case may be, in
order the better to ascertain the force to be applied for raising the intended
flid, which will be shewn on the graduated lines upon opening the cock of the
metallic tube annexed to the barometer.] Fig. 11 is a ground plan of the
apparatus, and the courses of the pipes, already described. Fig. 12, I is a
three-way cock to be fastened on any part of the air main C, C, as at I, in Fig. 1,
shewing that communications may be made from the air main at pleasure.
Fig. 13 is a force pump, to be used in certain, situations instead of the cistern
lifting pump O, by which the water may be thrown back from the air vessel A
into the cistern B. Fig. 14. This Figure consisting of the parts vessells and
tubes A, B, C, D, E, explains how a fluid is to be raised out of the vessell E to
the elevation and delivery of the vessel C, and is as follows:-A is a vessel air
tight and of metal, or any proper material, to be exhausted of its air (the stop
cock F being shut) by an air pump or any other adequate means [which vessel A
may be made of wood sufficiently strong to exclude the air by emerging it in a-
large vessell of water, which will render it equal to resist the pressure of the
atmosphere when a vacuum is made in the inner vessell] B, B, is a tube of
metal, glass, or other proper material, united to the vessell C, which vessell C
is best to be made of glass, in order that its contents may be seen. The tube
D; of metal or glass, air-tight, has also a stop-cock or a valve at the lower part
of the vessell, and which is to prevent the return of the liquid into the lower
vessell; E, E, is a butt or vessell fitted up with an air or vent cock, as before
described, and tapped at its lower part, as described in the cask No. 1, Fig. 1st,
I being the tapping pipe for E, Fig. 14, as Fig. 8 is the tapping pipe for the
cask No. 1; H is a cock for drawing off the liquor raised in C, and G is a cock
for letting in air to allow the passage of the fluid. Now A, Fig. 14, being
exhausted of air, and E containing a fluid to be raised into C, the air or vent
cock i is opened, as is also the stop-cock F; by the pressure of the atmo-
spheric air on the surface of the fluid in E, that fluid is raised into C, and there
is intercepted by the under cock or valve; then the cock F being shut, and
the cocks G and H being opened, which may be done at one motion by uniting
the two cocks by one spindle, the liquid can be taken from the vessell C, and
its supply renewed at pleasure by repeating the means described for raising the

page_text: fluid in the vessell E out of that vessell into the vessell C, by means of the
tube or pipe D, D, operated upon through the tube or pipe B, B, by the
vacuum produced in the exhausted vessell A.
But lastly, and principally, my said Invention, by the methods before
described, raises beer, ale, wines, spirits, oil, or any other liquids from cellars,
or other low places, to a higher or more elevated situation, with more ease and
facility and less expense than any thing ever before invented.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Staton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Sixth day of September, in the thirty-eighth year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the
Faith, and. so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven
hundred and ninety-eight.