matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF PACKING LEATHERS FOR HYDRAULIC PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Rotheray and Jonathan
Statham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November
1876.
CHRISTOPHER ROTHERAY, Foreman Finisher, and JONATHAN STATHAM, of the
Firm of Thorpe and Statham, Dowley Gap Finishing Works, near Bingley, in the
County of York. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MEANS OF PACKING LEATHERS FOR
HYDRAULIC PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to making the top of the cylinder of an hydraulic cylinder
with an open recess in which is fitted the leather packing instead of as at present
making tight the hydraulic plunger or ram by means of the ordinary U shaped
washer fitted in a space formed in the hydraulic cylinder, which causes great loss of
time in replacing when worn out or out of order.
For this purpose the top of the hydraulic cylinder is made with a recess in which
is placed the leather packing, and over the plunger or ram and fitting on the top of
the cylinder is fitted a strong ring made by preference of wrought iron; the ring is
truly bored or turned to the diameter of the plunger or ram, and strongly bolted or
fixed to the hydraulic cylinder top by means of studs and nuts; the ring fits over
the leather packing, keeping it firmly secured in position and making tight the
hydraulic plunger or ram; in replacing the packing when worn out or out of order,
the ring is loosened and lifted, and the packing easily replaced, thereby enabling the
packing to be made more perfect and effecting a great economy.
AN IMPROVED STYLE AND METHOD OF PLACING BANDS ON MOURNING HATS AND CONNECTING THE SAME WITH THE OTHER PART OF THE COVERING ON AN EVEN SURFACE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Copplestone Rice at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1876.
GEORGE COPPLESTONE RICE, of No. 10, Lincoln's Inn Fields, and 367, Camden
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED STYLE AND METHOD
OF PLACING BANDS ON MOURNING HATS AND CONNECTING THE SAME WITH THE OTHER
PART OF THE COVERING ON AN EVEN SURFACE."
The object of this Invention is to place the band next to the hat's frame before
any other covering be placed on the hat, so that the part which I herein designate
the band shall not be put over the hat's covering, or the part which I designate the
said covering being placed over the band, but that the said band shall come edge to
edge with its top to the edge of the said covering, the said band being connected
to the said covering on an equal and even surface, thus lightening the weight of
the hat by dispensing with that portion of the covering which is now hidden from
view by the band being placed over it, the width of the band vertically being to
such extent as the wearer shall desire.
It is not my intention to introduce any speciality of shape or form for the said hat,
but that it shall be formed after the manner of the fashion which shall from time to
time prevail and be in consistence therewith; and all hats covered in the manner
herein set forth shall be designated the Court Hat, and be known as G. C. Rice's
Invention.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REDUCING FURNACES AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE SAME.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Gössell at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 21st March 1876. A communication from abroad
by Hermann Haug, of Badersleben, near Halberstadt, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, Engineer.
OTTO GÖSSELL, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London, Merchant. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REDUCING FURNACES AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE SAME.'
"
The chief object of this Invention is to effect in an economic manner the reduction
of ores without subjecting them to the direct action of flame or any deleterious
gas. To this end a furnace is provided containing two heating chambers, which are
similarly constructed and provided with fire-bricks, which are intended to act as
heat absorbers. These heating chambers connect at one end by suitable flues or
passages with a gas generator, and at their opposite ends with the reducing chamber,
which is intended to receive the materials to be operated upon. These heating
chambers are separated from the reducing chamber by the interposition of filters,
which are charged with carbon mixed with iron or with other materials suitable for
removing the deleterious gases given off in the gas generator. A cross damper,
situated in the flue which conducts the gases from the generator to the heating
chambers, is provided for directing the gases alternately in opposite directions, and
for opening a passage from the heating chambers to the chimney. A similar pro-
vision is made for admitting air to the heating chambers.
In working this reducing furnace the hot gases from the generator are admitted,
say, first to the left-hand heating chamber. They then pass through the filter to
the reducing chamber, and after acting on the ores or other materials contained
therein they pass into the second or right-hand heating chamber. Here they meet
with a supply of atmospheric air, and, mingling therewith, become consumed; the
heat absorbing materials in the chamber by this means become highly heated, and
the gases of combustion pass off to the chimney. The right-hand heating chamber
is now in a condition to receive gas directly from the generator, and gas being
admitted thereto (by the shifting of the cross damper) becomes highly heated on its
passage to the reducing chamber. After acting upon the materials contained in this
chamber it passes to the left-hand heating chamber, where it is consumed, a supply
of air being admitted to the chamber for that purpose.

page_text: By the combustion of the gas this chamber becomes highly charged with heat,
..and the waste gases are as before led off to the chimney.
Repetitions of the above-described actions follow until the desired result is
attained in the reducing chamber.
It may be remarked that regenerators heated by the waste gases may be pro-
vided for heating the air employed in the above-described process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Townsend Bucknill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1876.
JOHN TOWNSEND BUCKNILL, of Bridge House, Rochester, in the County of Kent,
Lieutenant, Royal Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object Improvements in weighing machines. For this
purpose I make weighing machines to act on the well known principle of the hydro-
meter, but I make the descending body of uniform horizontal section, and place
this body and the liquid in which it floats in a case that nearly fits the floating
body, so that a very small immersion of the floating body in the liquid forces the
liquid a considerable distance up the interval between the body and the case. In
this way the height of the liquid in the case records the weight placed upon the
body. If the case be transparent, the position of the liquid gives a reading which
denotes the weight required. If the case be opaque it is only necessary to place a
small glass tube on the outside, said tube being open at the top, and commu-
nicating at the bottom with the interior of the case. The height of the liquid in
the tube then gives a reading which denotes the weight required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GILL BOXES FOR PREPARING WOOL FOR COMBING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ellison Smith and Joseph
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1876.
THOMAS ELLISON SMITH and JOSEPH SMITH, of the Firm of Smith & Sons,
of the Royd Works, Keighley, in the County of York, Machine Makers and
Iron Founders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GILL BOXES FOR PREPARING WOOL FOR
COMBING."
This Invention relates to the means of retarding the fall or drop of the fallers
or gills from the upper to the lower bed so as to avoid noise, and diminish the
wear and tear thereof.
The improvements consist in applying a slidable vertical rod, to which are con-
nected by joints two lever arms, one on each opposite side, and these arms are hinged
intermediately on studs fixed to the frame of the machine. The ends of these arins
also enter slots in two other vertical slidable rods, the top ends of which are formed
to receive the fallers. The central slide rod is provided with a weight so formed
that additional weight may be applied thereto as required to balance the particular
weight of the fallers, and a spring is also applied to the said rod to prevent noise
by concussion. By this means each faller can be nearly balanced while descending
from one bed to the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDING HAMMOCKS, COTS, LITTERS, INVALID CHAIRS, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES FOR SUPPORTING OR RESTING THE BODY ON BOARD SHIP
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1876. A communication
from abroad by Corneille De Mooij, of Maestricht, in the Kingdom of Holland.
. HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDING HAMMOCKS,
COTS, LITTERS, INVALID CHAIRS, OR OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES FOR SUPPORTING
OR RESTING THE BODY ON BOARD SHIP."
The object of this Invention is to suspend hammocks, cots, litters, invalid chairs,
or other analogous articles for supporting or resting the body in such a manner that
the article will always remain in a horizontal position when the ship or vessel is
rolling or pitching, just as is the case with a marine compass or a lamp mounted in
gimbals. To this end the hammock, cot, or other article is suspended by hinge
joints from two points from 4 to 6 inches apart on a bar or flat spring, which is
itself suspended by hinge joints, so that when the ship rocks the suspended article
will not oscillate with it, nor will it turn round on a vertical axis as would be the
case if suspended from one point only. By thus employing double hinges and double
points of suspension the hammock will, so far as the invalid's feelings are concerned,
appear to be motionless. To prevent the invalid from being annoyed or incon-
venienced by the apparent rocking motion of objects that are fixed to the ship or
participate of the ship's motion, the hammock should be surrounded by curtains,
which will hide external objects from his view.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF BURNISHING PHOTOGRAPHS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THERE- FOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wilkinson, James Hardman,
and Richard Birtwistle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th December 1876.
JAMES WILKINSON, JAMES HARDMAN, and RICHARD BIRTWISTLE, of Accrington,
in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF
BURNISHING PHOTOGRAPHS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED THERE-
FOR."
This Invention has for its object the burnishing of photographs, pictures, or
portraits so as to give them a more life-like aspect than hitherto, and consists in
passing them when mounted on paper or cardboard through a pair of metal rollers
heated by gas or steam, whereby the picture or portrait is inade to stand out
boldly as it were in relief and give a very natural and life-like appearance.
To carry out this object the rollers are mounted in suitable bearings having
means of adjustment for different thicknesses of paper or cardboard, and provided
with a handle at one side to give them motion. At the opposite side to the handle
an ordinary gas pipe perforated with a number of holes is passed into each roller,
and the gas being turned on and lit, and the photograph put between the rollers,
the handle which is fastened to the bottom roller gives motion to it, and by means
of wheel gearing to the upper roller, so that the photo passed between the picture
side comes out, as before explained, and the back part of the card with a highly
glazed surface.
When the back of the card is not required to be glazed or burnished but only
the face of the photograph, one heated roller will suffice, but in that case care has to
be taken that the picture is put in right side upwards, for which reason we prefer
to heat both rollers, as less attention is required in feeding the machine.
NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPER APPLIANCE FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1876. A communication from
abroad by Carl Dietrich, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
"
PETER JENSON, of Chancery Lane, London. NEW OR IMPROVED STOPPER
APPLIANCE FOR BOTTLES." (A communication to me from abroad by Carl Dietrich,
of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.)
The upper part of the stopper is made of Brittania metal or other hard substance,
and has a hole through the centre for the fastening thereto of an india-rubber
packing, or the stopper proper by means of a lever made of bent wire. This lever
has at each end a hook which takes into an eye on a wire strap or staple, thus
following its movements. The said strap is at one end attached to a wire ring
fastened under the rim of the neck of the bottle, and the hooked ends whereby it
is attached to eyes on this ring are button shaped so as to prevent their slipping
out of the eyes.
To stopper the bottle the stopper is swung up over the opening in the neck, and
the strap is then pushed down against the side of the neck. The wire being
tinned and the other parts being of india-rubber and Brittania metal, there is no
fear of oxydation, and stoppers thus made are cheaply made and easily rinsed with
a brush.
AN IMPROVED INDICATOR FOR THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1876. A communication
from abroad by John Shaw Wallace, of Brettland, in the County of Athens, and
State of Ohio, United States of America.
WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent. "AN IMPROVED INDICATOR FOR THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES."
This Invention relates to an improved valve indicator, by means of which the
valve may be set without opening the steam chest which had always to be done
heretofore.
According to this Invention I connect a rod or stem which projects out through
a stuffing box at one end of the steam chest to the valve, said rod carrying a pointer
which moves along an indicator scale by which the valve may be set at any time
without opening the steam chest as at present. The indicator also shows when the
valve works out of position by the shifting of an eccentric or fails to work full
stroke in case of any slack by wear in the valve gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRE, STUD, AND OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Garner Pendleton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1876.
HENRY GARNER PENDLETON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRE, STUD, AND OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS."
This Invention of improvements in solitaire, stud, and other like fastenings
consists of a fastening on the back of a solitaire, stud, or other fastening, consisting
of a tube with two catches in combination with eyelets or plates inserted in
the cuff, shirt front, or other article of wearing apparel, and furnished with suitable
mechanism, hereafter described for releasing the catches.
The great advantage of this Invention over other solitaires, studs, or other
fastenings at present in use, is that it is not in two loose parts, and has a small
back for insertion through a button or eyelet hole, the eyelets or plates being fixed
in the cuffs and always remaining there, by means of which the fastening and
unfastening of shirt fronts, collars, cuffs, wristbands, and similar articles of dress
can be easily and rapidly accomplished without the article of dress being in any
way creased or crumpled.
I will now proceed to describe my Invention as applied to solitaires. On the
back of the solitaire I fix a vertical tube having on each side near its extremity a
small hole through which project two catches. The said catches being forced out
through the said holes by a spring, and forced in by two "pushers" having suitable
guides, one on each side the solitaire. In the cuff I fix eyelets or plates of metal or
other rigid material, having a hole through which the end of the tubo on the back of
the solitaire is to be inserted. When the catches have been pressed through the
eyelet holes or plates they are expanded on the other side by the action of the
spring, thus preventing the solitaire being withdrawn from the cuff until the
catches are forced into the tube again by the "pushers," I apply it in the same
manner to studs and other like articles.
A modification of my Invention consists in making the tube in two parts with
the "pushers" attached, and have on the ends of the half tubes a flange or collar
which act as catches, thus dispensing with the inside catches. Or again I can
dispense with the tube and have the two catches with the "pushers" attached, and I
can modify the device for releasing the catches or flanges from the eyelets or plates
by dispensing with the "pushers" and having a plate of metal in the solitaire, on
which are two cam-like projections, which when the solitaire is revolved for a short
distance engage with the sides of the catches or half tubes and force them inwards
and allow them to be withdrawn from the eyelet or plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William MoLiesh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1876.
"
WILLIAM MOLIESH, of Darlington, in the County of Durham, Photographer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS."
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the arrangement of photo-
graphic lenses, whereby pictures in stereoscopic or natural relief are obtained.
. According to this Invention, this relief is obtained by employing lenses of larger
diameter with a short focus, the margin of the lense forming a parallax corre-
sponding to the distance between the human eyes, the diaphragm or stop being so
placed as not to cut off the marginal rays. The diameter of the lenses employed
must not be more than four inches or less than two inches, and the back focus (not
the equivalent focus) must not be less than one or more than three diameters of the
front lense Any form of lense or combination of lenses may be employed for the
purposes of this Invention as above described, except that known as the ordinary
portrait lense, which from its limited field and want of penetration is quite
unsuitable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Murgatroyd, William Rothwell,
Adam Battinson, and William Sutcliffe at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 3rd May 1876.
JOHN MURGATROYD, the younger, Manufacturer, WILLIAM ROTHWELL, ADAM
BATTINSON, and WILLIAM SUTCLIFFE, in the employ of John Murgatroyd, of Oats
Royd Mills, Luddenden, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The object of this Invention is to weave two "pieces" at once in a loom, for
which purpose we arrange sufficient warp threads in the loom to form the two
pieces, leaving an open space in the centre. When the pieces are woven they are
separated by cutting (at the open space) through the weft threads. In order to
prevent the cut edges from "fraying" or "ravelling" the two warp threads next
to the cut edge of each piece are crossed at each "pick" or shoot of weft. This is
effected by passing one of the crossed ends through a guide, which gives it a slight
lateral motion, and the other end through a guide which imparts both a rising and
falling and lateral motion. These motions may be easily obtained by cams and
levers, one set of cams or levers working both sets of threads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING FOG SIGNALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Worthington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1876.
WILLIAM WORTHINGTON, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Veterinary
Surgeon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING FOG SIGNALS."
I provide a vertical pillar firmly fixed in a foundation alongside of the railway
where the signal is required; the top end of this vertical pillar is made to receive a
radial arm, this radial arm works freely on it swiveled at a proper distance from
the extreme end in the upper side from the pillar; up the long arm is a groove
terminating at the pillar end in a box surrounding the upper end of such pillar, the
other end terminating in another box provided to receive a ratchet wheel working
on a spindle, being the outer end of the radial arm. In this groove up the radial
arın I work a long catch lever, the top end of which works into and forms catch
finger in ratchet wheel. The other end of this lever is hinged or equivalently
connected to a finger secured to top end of vertical pillar, but slides freely up a groove
in such pillar. Over the groove and boxes at each end of this radial arm is a cover
or plate, through which the top end of pillar pivot is secured, and at the outer
end ratchet wheel spindle projects, on which projection is keyed or otherwise
secured a nave and projecting arms to each of which is fixed a fog signal; the
number of such arms will be determined by the number of ratchet teeth in the
wheel.
In working the apparatus a chain is secured to the pivoted end of radial lever
and carried to wherever the handle for working such is fixed. By the motion of
such handle the radial lever is worked round a quarter or any other portion of tlie
circle required to move the ratchet wheel one tooth, thus bringing round at each
action one projecting arm on the nave on to the rail ready for use. When a train
passes which explodes such signal it remains so until another is required to be so
placed when by means of the handle (or other self-acting means may be applied) for
bringing another signal on to the rail, and so on for as many as there are arms in
the nave; thus the danger and uncertainty of fixing them on to the rails is avoided;
thus a certain and safe fog signal may be always ready. I can make it self acting or
subject it to the influences of other signals, or to the action of the engine or other
vehicle.
PROVED VELOCIPEDE IN THE FORM OF A CIRCULAR CAGE, TURNING AS ONE WHEEL, OVER, AROUND, AND UNDER THE PERSON OR PERSONS USING THE SAME, WITH OR' WITHOUT THREE SEPARATE TYRES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Smythe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1876.
"AN IM-
ERNEST SMYTHE, of No. 7, Melcombe Place, Dorset Square, London.
PROVED VELOCIPEDE IN THE FORM OF A CIRCULAR CAGE, TURNING AS ONE WHEEL,
OVER, AROUND, AND UNDER THE PERSON OR PERSONS USING THE SAME, WITH OR'
WITHOUT THREE SEPARATE TYRES."
An improved velocipede, in the form of a circular cage, having the shape and
appearance that is presented if the tyres or felloes of two wheels be joined by any
number of bars of any substance to a third tyre or felloe containing no spokes; .
this third tyre or felloe being somewhat larger than, and situated between, the
tyres or fellocs of the two wheels aforesaid, and connected or joined to the said
tyres or felloes of the said two wheels in the manner aforesaid.
The middle tyro only is used for purposes of ordinary progression, and the side
tyres for the turning or guiding of the machine. The said side tyres are brought
into use by inclining the machine sideways so as to cause one or other of the side
tyres to touch the ground in addition to the middło tyre. The contact of the
side tyre with the ground, ou account of its circumference being smaller than
that of the middlo tyre, causes the velocipede, if in progression, to perform the
arc of a circle in the direction desired, or a whole circle if desired. The side tyres
also afford support to the velocipede when stationary by the contact of one or the
other of them, in addition to the middle tyre, with the ground.
At or near the centre of each interior side of the velocipede is fixed a crank,
Each of the said cranks is
and to each crank a rod terminating in a foot rest.
terminated inwards by a pin, each of which pins turns in a.socket, each of which
sockets is sunk in the handle or handles, seat or seats, or such other apparatus for
the support of the person or persons using the velocipede as may be found expedient.
The sockets and pins aforesaid are each and all concentric with the whole machine,
and with the axles or centres of the wheels or sides of the machine.
The person or persons using the velocipede by treading alternately the foot rests
attached to the two rods aforesaid work the two cranks and place and keep the
velocipede in motion, and are supported by the handles or other apparatus aforesaid.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONDENSER CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peers Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1876. A communication from
abroad by Richard Hartmann, of Chemnitz, in Saxony.
JOHN PEERS SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Exporter of Machinery. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CONDENSER
CARDING ENGINES." A communication from abroad by Richard Hartmann, of
Chemnitz, in Saxony.
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement of rollers and other
machinery by which the fleece of fibres from the doffer of a carding engine is
divided into any convenient number of narrow strips and formed into roving or
yarn.
The rollers for dividing the fleece consist of a number of pulleys covered with
leather or other suitable material, and of intermediate pulleys of less diameter than
the others. Between all the pulleys are circular saw blades which penetrate
through the fleece and divide it into strips. Each strip is pressed upon by a key
acted upon by a spring. Above and below the dividing rollers are placed doffing
rollers in which are annular grooves for the circumference of the saw blades, and
longitudinal flutes to give friction. Near each dividing and doffing roller is another
roller to guide the strips between the rubbing rollers, which are covered with leather
or other suitable material. The end to-and-fro motion of these rollers converts the
strips into firm round rovings or coarse yarns, which are then wound on laps as
usual.
MENTS IN VENT PEGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Henry Mure at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1876.
ARTHUR HENRY MURE, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN VENT PEGS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of vent pegs whereby the
communication between the outer air and the interior of the cask or other vessel
in which the vent peg is fixed may, at will, be either permanently kept open, or
only be opened at intervals. For this purpose I construct the vent peg in the
following manner:-I enlarge the upper end of the air hole or passage of the vent
peg so as to constitute a cylindrical chamber, having a female screw thread cut
on its inner surface. Into this chamber is introduced, firstly, a helical spring which
rests on the bottom of the chamber, and secondly, a valve having a ribbed stem
projecting from each end, the lower stem being made to pass through the helical
spring and into the narrow part of the air passage, while the upper stem is reduced
in size beyond a certain point and extends somewhat beyond the upper end of
the chamber, being formed with a small button at its end. The spring and valve
being inserted, an annular screwed collar or gland is passed over the stem of the
valve and screwed into the upper end of the chamber to such an extent that the
valve is pressed against its inner end, as a seating, by the spring. The valve,
which is by preference a metal disc with caoutchouc washer, is thus made to close
the passage of the vent peg against the ingress or egress of air or gas until it is
forced down somewhat away from its seat by the pressure of the finger upon the
before-mentioned button. On releasing the button the spring will again force
the valve against its seat. For the purpose of keeping the valve permanently
open, a hole is formed laterally through the screw collar, and after pressing open
the valve a pin is inserted through the said hole, whereby the shoulder of the
enlarged part of the valve stem being made to bear against the pin the valve is
prevented from closing again until the pin is withdrawn. The upper end of the
vent peg is by preference inade square or of other form suitable to fit into a key
or spanner by which it can be screwed into the cask, whereby the vent peg itself
is rendered of compact form, and by removing the koy the security of the vent peg
when once xed is insured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Benjamin Challiss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1870.
ALFRED BENJAMIN CHALLISS, of 4, Dunston Street, Bemerley Street, Hunslet,
Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING
ON RAILWAYS"
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for signalling on
railways.
In order to convey a stop or "danger" signal to the driver of a train, I mount
on the engine a lever capable of turning about a horizontal pin or axis. This lever
at its upper end over the pin or axis carries a lamp, which when the lever stands in
a vertical position is screened from the view of the driver. The lever at its lower
end below the axis when a signal is to be given comes into contact with a projection
raised on the roadway between the rails. The contact with this projection throws
the lever into an inclined position, and so brings out the lamp from behind the
screen to attract the attention of the driver. In connection with the lever are two
pawls working upon an arc, at the end of which are stops on which the pawls catch
when the lever is thrown over. The lever is thrown to one side or the other
according to the direction in which the engine is travelling.
The projection which as before mentioned is arranged in the roadway can be
thrown up at pleasure. I sometimes arrange it upon an axis, which can be partially
rotated by connection with a hand lever, such as is commonly employed for
actuating railway signals. Or the projection may be arranged to slide horizontally
in guides in a direction transverse to the line of railway, and for this purpose I fix
the projection to a rack engaging with a pinion, which is when necessary rotated
by a hand wheel. Thus the projection can be moved to a position to act on the
lever on the engine, or it may be so placed that the lever shall pass without
striking it
In applying the arrangement to the guard's van I somewhat alter the form of the
lever, making it with a T head, and attaching springs to it tending to hold the stem
in a vertical and the head in a horizontal position. The lamp is fixed in the van,
and there is a moveable slide in front of it. The slide is connected with the lever,
and is raised or lowered to expose the light when the levor strikes the projection in
the roadway. A catch prevents the return of the slide to screen the lamp until the
catch is withdrawn by the guard.
IMPROVED ROLLER OR RINK SKATE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Page and George Wells at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1876.
"AN
JAMES PAGE and GEORGE WELLS, both of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
but temporarily of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED ROLLER OR RINK SKATE."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved roller or rink skate
whereby the necessity of tilting the foot board in turning is avoided, the construc-
tion of the skate is rendered more simple than those bitherto in use, and is little
liable to get out of order.
In carrying out our improvements we fix at the toe and heel ends of the usual
foot board a hollow vertical bearing. In the centre of each bearing we place a
square, half cylindrical, or other suitably shaped spindle, slightly smaller than the
socket of the bearing. The upper end of the spindle is rivetted over the top of the
bearing, a sink being made in the under side of the foot board to receive the same.
The lower end of the spindle is fixed to the axle of the rollers, a piece of india-
rubber serving as a spring, being suitably placed between the socket and the spindle
to keep the rollers in their normal position.
This construction of skate allows the person using it to perform all the usual
evolutions without it being necessary to tilt the foot board for moving in curves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW COAL FEEDER AND COMBINATION OF MOVEABLE GRATE WITH THE SAME, ALSO THE APPLICATION OF THE SCREW IN CHARGING CHEMICALS TO PREVENT ESCAPE OF GASES AND IN OTHER WAYS, AND THE COMBINATION OF THE SAME WITH PATENT ROTARY FURNACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sivert Hjerleid at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1876.
SIVERT HJERLEID, of Middlesbro'-on-Tees, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW
COAL FEEDER AND COMBINATION OF MOVEABLE GRATE WITH THE SAME, ALSO
THE APPLICATION OF THE SCREW IN CHARGING CHEMICALS TO PREVENT ESCAPE
OF GASES AND IN OTHER WAYS, AND THE COMBINATION OF THE SAME WITH
PATENT ROTARY FURNACES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus known as
Dank's Patent Coal Feeder and Fire Grate connected with the same.
Each screw, or any of them, I make hollow for the purpose of admitting air or
a steam jet, or to let in oil or funes of oil, and also for the purpose of passing a
rod to clear the coal or coke from the pipe at the end of the screw.
The fire grate, in combination with the coal feeder, I so make that the whole
or part of the grate can be drawn back, raised or lowered, thus making an opening
between the fire bridge and the inner end of the fire bars sufficiently large to allow
of any slag or other refuse being cleared out.
I have a safety pin or spring or other contrivance either to break or give in
case any piece of stone or iron should enter the screw and stop its working.
I apply an indicator geared to the wheel to mark the revolutions of the
screw.
I have small openings fitted with glass in different parts of the furnace.
Bark or shale may be used as fuel, either alone or mixed with coal.
In charging and discharging chemicals I employ a screw to prevent the escape
or inlet of air and gases, and accurately to regulate quantities in mixing.
FASTENER FOR NECKTIES AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Aron at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1876. A communi-
cation from abroad by Georges François Pingot, residing at Paris, in the
Republic of France.
"AN IMPROVED
ADOLPHE ARON, of Rose Street, in the City of London.
FASTENER FOR NECKTIES AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES." A communica-
tion from abroad by Georges François Pingot, residing at Paris, in the Republic of
France.
This Invention consists in the construction of a improved fastener, whereby neck-
ties and other such like articles can be readily and securely fastened, and also
loosened or unfastened with great facility.
The apparatus which forms the fastener consists of two parts, one of which is
attached to the body of the article, and the other to the tongue or strap. The part
which is attached to the main body of the article consists of a flat metallic plate,
with the front face of which is connected a flattened head or stud which is capable
of being turned in any direction, the same having a shank which is passed through
the plate and secured at the back of the latter, but leaving the head or stud to be
capable of rotating. The other part of the apparatus is a rectangular plate having
a series of transverso apertures or slots formed therein. The last mentioned plate.
is attached vertically to the lower end of the strap or tongue of the necktie. In
order to fasten the latter when placed around the neck of the wearer, the strap or
tongue is passed through the loop provided for that purpose, and is then secured at
any degree of tightness by passing the flattened head or stud on the plute attached
to the main body of the article, through one or other of the transverse apertures or
slots formed in the rectangular plate before mentioned, and then turning the
flattened head or stud until it stands lengthways across the aperture or slot. By
turning the head or stud in the contrary way the two parts of the necktie are
separated.
IMPROVED MEANS OF BACKING UP FLAT ELECTROTYPING SHELLS OF ENGRAVINGS, OR OF TYPE, OR BOTH COMBINED
Year: 1876

page_text: ""
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dellagana at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1870.
JAMES DELLAGANA, of 172, Saint John Street Road, in the County of Middlesex,
IMPROVED MEANS OF BACKING UP FLAT ELECTROTYPING SHELLS OF ENGRAVINGS,
OR OF TYPE, OR BOTH COMBINED."
This Invention has for object backing up flat electrotyping shells of engravings,
or of type, or of both combined, with fluid metal poured into a casing, within which
the shell is held in a loose manner, so that the weight of the metal shall exclude
the air and ensure an even surface and a true flatness of the printing face of the
shell when the backing is "sett."
One method of carrying my Invention into practice is as follows:-I arrange the
shell within a casing composed of a flat table heated by gas or other suitable agency,
and a top plate capable of being secured down upon strips of metal temporarily
placed upon the table to take the pressure of the top plate, and to regulate the
thickness of the backing. The strips of metal only occupy the two sides and one
end of the table, and have grooves or recesses in the inner edges to form shoulders
that the edges of the shell may find a lodgment under them to be retained in place
without any punching or nipping action that would interfere with the expansion
and contraction of the same. The casing is capable of being turned on end on its
gudgeons or pintles, and then the molton metal to form the backing-can be poured
in, the metal adhering by affinity to the timed or prepared surface forming the
back of the shell.
In placing the shell in position in the casing, I arrange a piece of paper or other
body under what may be termed the back end of the shell to prevent the fluid
metal as it is poured in running under or against the face of the shell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION AND TREATMENT OF RESIDUES ARISING FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF MAGENTA
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ivan Levinstein at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1870.
IVAN LEVINSTEIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Colour and Chemical
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION AND TREATMENT OF RESIDUES
ARISING FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF MAGENTA."
My Invention refers to those residues which arise from what is known as the
magenta melt, and which as is well known are insoluble or nearly so in water.
These residues I apply to a useful purpose by applying them as colouring matters
for paper which is to be dyed. In order to use such residues to the greatest
advantage I treat them with diluted acid, preferably hydrochloric, by which means
a partial solution of the said residues is obtained, the process being accelerated if
desired by the application of heat. This partial solution is now ready for dyeing
paper in the ordinary manner, but if the brightest shades are required I allow the
inass to settle and decant the clear liquid for use. The shades or colours produced
from these residues may be varied and improved by using in combination therewith
certain aniline dyes or other colouring matters.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simon Danischewski at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1876.
SIMON DANISCHEWSKI, of Wilna, in the Empire of Russia, but temporarily of
37, Steward Street, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved machine for obtaining
and applying motive power applicable, for driving machinery of all kinds.
I employ a box or barrel in which is placed a coiled spring from which the power
is obtained; on one end of the barrel is a wheel with two hundred teeth, which
gears into a driving pinion having twenty-one teeth, and making twenty-seven
revolutions per minute. Upon the shaft of the said pinion is a wheel with two
hundred teeth gearing with a second pinion with twenty-one teeth, the shaft of
which carries a third wheel with two hundred teeth, driving a pinion with twenty-
one teeth; on the shaft of this pinion is placed the fourth wheel with two hundred
teeth, which drives a pinion with twenty-one teeth placed on the shaft of the
machine (such as a sewing machine) to be driven.
A suitable break is provided for stopping the machine, and also a proper spring
and click work.
The winding up of the spring is effected by means of a winch handle and
a wheel with sixty teeth, gearing with a pinion of twenty-one teeth upon the
barrel arbor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bevis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1876.
WILLIAM BEVIS, of Bower Place, Maidstone, Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
SKATES."
My improvements in roller skates consist in bevilling the edges of the wheels or
rollers used, whereby the skater is enabled to turn freely by bearing on the bevilled
edge, and in the use of a third, and if necessary, a fourth wheel or roller projecting
from the back, and if required, the front of the skate, and the axis of which is at
right angles with the other rollers or wheels, these additional wheels or rollers
being intended for use when the skater wishes to turn or is in danger of falling;
by a slight depression of the foot the additional roller or wheel is brought into
action and the skater may turn readily and easily on either toe or heel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas Burden and Joseph
Nowell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd October
1870.
GEORGE THOMAS BURDEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, and JOSEPH NOWELL, of Aston, near Birmingham, aforesaid,
Railway Contractor. " IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR MEASURING WATER AND
OTHER LIQUIDS."
Our Invention consists in constructing and arranging or combining in the
manner herein-after described the parts of meters for measuring water and other
liquids.
Meters made according to our Invention are simple in construction, efficient in
action, and not liable to got out of order.
The body of a meter constructed according to our Invention consists of a conical
case or chamber, the inlet pipe for the water or liquid being connected to the wide
end, and the outlet pipe to the narrow end of the said conical case or chamber. In
the axis of the said conical case or chamber an archimedean screw, or a screw con-
sisting of a series of inclined blades is situated; this screw is conical, following the
general conical figure of the case. The blades of the said conical screw fit as
closely against the sides of the conical case as is compatible with perfect freedom of
motion in the screw, or the said screw may work in a case fixed inside the meter
case. The shaft of the screw is mounted in. the axis of the case upon centres, so
that the said screw may rotate with little frictional resistance, the said centres
taking into seats or recesses in the ends of the said screw shaft. These centres are
carried by cross pieces or bars on the case, and are screwed and capable of adjust-
anent in screw boxes in the said cross pieces or bars.
The water or liquid to be measured enters the case or chamber of the meter by
the inlet pipe at its wide end, and the current by striking against the blades of the
screw in the said case or chamber gives a rotatory motion to the said screw.
The
current of water or liquid after it has thus acted upon and given rotation to the
screw escapes from the meter by the outlet pipe at the narrow end of the case or
chamber.
The rotations of the screw are registered, and consequently the quantity of water
or liquid passing through the meter measured by the following arrangement of
gearing-On the rear end of the shaft of the screw is a worm, which gears with a

page_text: worm wheel on a shaft at right angles to the screw shaft. The motion of this worm
wheel shaft is transmitted through spur gearing to a series of axes carrying index
fingers, which fingers traverse graduated dials situated in a box on the outside of
the conical case or chamber of the meter. By means of the said index fingers and
dials the quantity of water passing through the meter is registered in gallons,
hundreds of gallons, thousands of gallons, and tens of thousands of gallons.
The inlet pipe may be situated at the narrow end of the conical case or chamber
of the meter, and the outlet pipe at the wide end with the same result, but we
prefer the arrangement herein-before described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING PENCILS AND OTHER WRITING IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED FOR SCHOLASTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1876.
WILLIAM WINTER, of Leeds, in the County of York. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING PENCILS AND OTHER WRITING IMPLEMENTS
EMPLOYED FOR SCHOLASTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to afford means for preserving pencils in schools
and other places from being lost or mislaid, and at the same time to have the
pencils always ready at hand for use when required.
I form the frame with a cavity or receptacle of or about or a little larger than
the pencil which it is intended to contain; the upper end of the cavity or receptaclo
is formed with a groove or notch extending outwardly towards the edge of the
frame, and the said groove is terminated by a metal frame lying flush with the base
of the groove and embracing the two sides of the frame, being secured to the latter
by pins or pivots. To the top of the frame I swivel a plate, preferably a metal
plate, the end of which when brought over the pencil receptacle springs into the
aforesaid groove, and cannot be removed therefrom until the end is raised by the
finger, which must be done in order to get out the pencil.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1876

page_text: ..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876. A commu-
nication from abroad by Robert S. Manning, of Trenton, in the County of
Mercer, and State of New Jersey, in the United States of America.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES." A communication from abroad by Robert S.
Manning, of Trenton, in the County of Mercer, and State of New Jersey, in the
United States of America.
The Invention consists in providing a boot or shoe with one or more springs
constructed and applied in such a manner as to encircle the ankle.or instep so as
to hold the laps together.
One description of these springs is in the form of a ring with lapped ends to
adapt it to encircle the upper part of the shoe in a horizontal direction.
Another spring is formed with its main body forming nearly a complete ring,
and one end inclined downward. This shape adapts the said spring to encircle
the ankle, and to keep the lap of the shoe snugly together between the ankle and
instep.
Another spring is formed somewhat in the shape of a ring, with one of its ends
inclined outwards from the plane of the ring, and applied in nearly vertical position
with its lower end passing under the hollow of the foot, its central part around the
instep, and its upper end inclined backward to securely hold the lower portion of
the lap over the instep.
The Invention is applicable to the manufacture of what are known as gaiter boots
for ordinary use, as also to overshoes.