Improved Apparatus for Heating and for Cooling Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1894-Accepted, 18th Aug., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Heating and for Cooling Liquids.
I, JAMES EDWARD BENNETT, of 167, Kingsland Road, in the County of
London, Brewers' Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved arrangement of apparatus, especially
applicable for use in breweries and distilleries, as a counter-current refrigerator in
which an internal ascending current of ice-water or other suitable refrigerant
effects the cooling of an external descending current of the wort, milk or other
liquid to be cooled, and for use as a heater in which steam circulating through the
apparatus effects the heating of a surrounding body of and of circulating portions
of the wort or other liquid to be heated.
On the accompanying drawings,-
Fig. 1. represents a sectional elevation of the improved apparatus adapted for use
as a refrigerator, and,-
Fig. 2. represents a like view of the apparatus adapted for use as a heater.
The improved apparatus is constructed with series of any required number of
tubes a, each made with surrounding corrugations, the tubes being, at their top ends,
flared and let into a chest b, (common to the series or to any convenient number
thereof arranged in line side by side or in clusters as may be desired) and being, at
their bottom ends, let into a chest c, in like manner common to the series or to any
convenient number thereof. Concentrically within each of the tubes a, is arranged
a cylindrical tube d, leaving. between it and the inner periphery of the corrugated
tube a, at its parts of smaller diameter, comparatively narrow annular spaces e, each
such tube d, also projecting through both of the chests b, c, and being open-ended
and secured by nuts d', abutting against closing plates &', c', which are respectively
secured to the chests b, c, by bolts and nuts b, c, and can be readily removed, as
can also the tubes d, to allow of inspection and cleaning of the inside of the tubes a,
as may be required.
In the refrigerator, Fig. 1. the chests b, c, may advantageously be inade in
sections of any convenient length, the sections being Hanged at their ends, as at 6, c³,
and connected by bolts and nuts b', c'. The end sections are supported by any
suitable standards (not shown) adapted to rest in or support a bottom trough for
receiving the cooled liquid, and to support a top trough to which the liquid to be
cooled may be supplied in any convenient manner, and from holes in the bottom of
which it drips into the trough b', over which it flows descending to and outside of
the tubes a. The refrigerant is supplied to the chest c, either at one or both ends
thereof by suitable pipe connections, and ascends therefrom through the tubes a, in
the space between the same and the inner tubes d, into the chest b, whence it
escapes either at one or both ends thereof by suitable pipe connections. The tubes a,
being of the peculiar formation described, offer a comparatively large cooling
surface, and the inner tubes d, prevent the refrigerant from passing in a body
through the centre of the tubes a, confining it towards the periphery thereof, where,
by reason of the corrugated formation of which, it receives a continually changing
direction, which causes all portions of the refrigerant to be equally utilized
The tubes d, also serve to conduct a current of cool air through the tubes a,
which tends to keep cool the refrigerant liquid circulating therein.
In the heater, Fig. 2. the chest b, may also be made of a capacity adapted to
serve for connection with any required number of the tubes a, which may be
clustered or grouped together in circular, rectangular or other desired order, and the

page_text: chest c, miny, in like manner, serve for the bottom connection of the series of
tubes a.
In this latter application of the apparatus, wherein the apparatus is wholly
immersed and surrounded by the wort or other liquid to be heated, the inner tubes d,
are of special utility in conducting a portion of the wort or liquid centrally through
the corrugated tubes a, so that the steam or other heating agent circulating through
such tubes acts by conduction through the same upon the liquid contained in the
vat or other container and surrounding the same, and by conduction through the
tubes d, upon the portions of the liquid ascending within the same.
By such
means, the liquid to be heated, which circulates between the clusters or groups of
tubes a, and through the tubes d, is very quickly heated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is:
In combination-in refrigerating or heating apparatus of the unture aforesaid ;-
series of tubes a, each made with surrounding corrugations,-top and bottom
cheste b, c, into which the corrugated tubes directly open;-and series of cylindrical
tubes d, each arranged concentrically within one of the corrugated tubes, and pro-
jecting through the top and bottom chests, and secured at their ends by nuts, the
series of inner tubes being open-ended and the whole arrangement operating
substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 12th day of June 1894.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, Loudon, W.C., Agents for the Applicaut.