New and Useful Process of and Apparatus for Producing Lithographs, Chromolithographs, Zincographs, and Steel and Copper Engravings.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 26th May, 1896-Accepted, 18th July, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New and Useful Process of and Apparatus for Producing Lithographs,
Chromolithographs, Zincographs, and Steel and Copper Engravings.
We, WILLIAM GEORGE ROCHESTER, of 109 Preston Street, in the City of
Ottawa, in the County of Carleton, Province of Ontario, Canada, Engraver, and
STUART E. DE LA RONDE, of 319 Daly Avenue in the City of Ottawa aforesaid,
Wholesale Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of the invention is to devise a process of and apparatus for producing
rapidly and cheaply lithographs, chromolithographs, zincographs, steel and copper
engravings &c., and it consists, essentially, in the use of one or more rollers formed
of lithographic stone, zinc, aluminum, copper, steel or other material, to which the
design to be printed is applied by a transfer process, and which are provided with
suitable pressure rollers, damping or wiping and inking mechanism, the whole being
constructed in detail and the process carried out substantially as hereinafter more
particularly described and then definitely claimed.
Before describing the particular machinery employed, we will briefly set out the
process used in producing the various kinds of work hereinbefore set out as the
object of the invention.
In the case of a stone roller, a transfer is prepared on paper or other suitable
substitute in the usual way and transferred to the roller by pressure. The roller
is then put through the processes usual with a flat stone and impressions taken
therefrom. It is now common to use zine, aluminum, copper or other metal plates
as substitutes for stone, the process of transferring being substantially the same in
principle with such changes only as may be demanded by the peculiarities of the
metal employed. Consequently any of these metals may be substituted for stone
in the construction of the rollers used in this process.
In the case of copper, another process of transfer may be used which is also
applicable to a steel roller. A relief of the design is prepared on a steel roller in
the manner usual in bank note transferring, which roller is afterwards hardened.
By revolving this roller in contact with a soft copper or steel roller under great
pressure, the relief design is transferred as a line engraving to the latter, which
after hardening may be printed from by inking and wiping, as is done from an
engraved plate.
In the following specification we have described the mechanism as arranged for
three color chromolithography.
Figure 1, is a perspective view of the machine, the mechanism for one impression
only being shown complete.
Figure 2, is a cross section of the machine showing oue lithographic roller and
one pressure roller.
Figure 3, is a perspective detail showing the lithographic damping and inking
rollers and the ink slab and font together with the mechanism for operating the
damping and inking mechanisms.
Figure 4, is a perspective skeleton view showing the mechanism for operating
the pressure rollers.
Figure 5, is a skeleton elevation of the far side of the machine showing the
driving gearing and the paper feeding mechanism.
Figure 6, is a detail in elevation of the damping roller-operating cam.

page_text: Figure 7, is an elevation of the lithographic roller driving gear wheel and its
connection with the driving gear wheel on the same shaft.
Figure 8, is a detail in elevation showing the methods of carrying the
intermediate gear wheel conveying motion to the ink slab.
Figure 9, is a similar view showing the method of rotating the ink font roller.
Figure 1, is a perspective detail of the damping font and damping table and
mechanism for operating the same.
Figure 11, is a perspective detail of the tympan and the spring roller for
operating the same.
Figure 12, is a perspective detail of the cam for giving the ink slab distributing
rollers and end-wise motion.
Figure 13, is an elevation partly in section of an improved damping or inking
roller.
In the drawings, like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the
different figures.
In Figs. 1 and 5-A A, are drums fast on the shafts B, journalled at each end
of the main frame C, of the machine, as shown. These drums are provided with
sprocket wheels D, which are connected by sprocket chains m as shown, so that
the drums revolve together. These sprocket chains run in guides E, formed on
each side of the main frame of the machine (see Fig. 2).
F, is a continuous carrying belt of rubber or leather carried by the drums A.
A's seen in Fig. 2, this belt passes between the lithographic rollers G, and the
pressure rollers H. The lithographic rollers G are journalled at one end in &
bearing 1, sliding with a dove tail on the main frame of the machine. The other
end of the spindle J, of each lithographic roller is tapered, as indicated, to fit into
a tapered recess in the spindle K, journalled on the main frame at the other side
of the machine. is a projection on the hub of the hollow spindle K which fits
into a recess in the hub of the lithographic roller G, so as to securely lock it to
the said spindle. From this construction it follows that by removing the bearing I,
the spindle J may be drawn out of the tapered recess in the spindle K, and the
lithographic roller entirely removed.
The pressure rollers H are each carried by a sliding frame L, each spindle M
being journalled in bearing blocks N, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4 at each end of
the frame L. These bearing blocks N rest on each end of a strong steel spring O, the
centre of which rests on an adjusting screw P, threaded through the centre of the
sliding frame L. Q, are projections on each end of the sliding frame L, which fit
in grooves R, in the main frame of the machine. Each projection is recessed, as
shown, to receive a spring S, which bears against a portion T, of the projection Q,
and the bottom of the recess R, a guiding rod U, passing through the portion T,
of the projection and the coil spring, keeping the latter in position.
"V, are shafts, one of which is journalled in the main frame of the machine below
each pressure roller H.
W, W, are sleeves formed at each end of each shaft V. These sleeves have
cam projections a adapted when the sleeve is revolved, to come in contact with the
cam projections 6 on the lower side of the sliding frame L, and thus raise the
frame and the pressure roller carried by it. A clutch connection is formed
between these sleeves and the sleeves c, which slide on feathers on the shaft V, in
the manner usual in such clutch connections.
dd, are springs bearing against the sleeve c and collars e rigidly connected to
the shaft V, so as to normally retain the clutches in connection.
As hereinafter described, means are provided to disengage the clutches at stated"
intervals, or when desired; but before describing this construction, it will be
necessary to clearly set forth the mechanism for rotating the lithographic
rollers G, and the shafts V.
is a gear pinion rigidly connected to the spindle y jourballed on the main
frame of the machine. To this spindle a driving pulley or a hand crank may be
connected (see Fig. 1). This pinion meshes with a gear wheel fast on the
L

page_text: shaft B of the near drum A. On the other end of this shaft B, is a gear wheel i
meshing with a pinion meshing with a gear wheel j on the other end of the near
pressure roller shaft V (see Figs. 2 and 5). The gear wheel j. meshes with the
pinion & fast on the spindle I. On the near end of this spindle 4, is a pinion in
meshing with the gear wheel n on the near end of the second pressure roller
shaft V (see Fig. 1). This gear wheel also engages with a pinion o fast on the
spindle p. On the other end of this spindle is a pinion q meshing with the gear
wheel r on the far end of the far pressure roller shaft V. From these connections
it follows that each pressure roller shaft may be revolved in the direction indicated
by arrow in Fig. 5.
On one end of each pressure roller shaft V, a gear wheels is loosely journalled.
On the end pressure roller shafts V, this gear wheel is located on the far side of
the machine (see Figs. 2 and 5) and at the near side of the centre pressure roller
shaft, the gear wheels on this last mentioned shaft being removed in Fig. 1 to
show the parts behind. Each gear wheel has a projection on its hub, through
which passes a set screw t (see Figs. 2 and 7). The point of this screw bears
against a pin u carried by a projection on the hub of the gear wheel j. From
this construction it follows that the revolution of the gear wheel on the shaft V,
will impart a rotary motion to the gear wheel s, while the latter is free to move
ahead of the gear wheel j. This connection is of course formed between all the
gear wheels and the corresponding gear wheels on the different pressure roller
shafts. Each gear wheels engages with a pinion on the spindle K, driving the
lithographic roller G.
re is a disk fast to this spindle K, and fitting into a recess on the, pinion (see
Figs. 1 and 2).
y is a clamping holt passing through a hole in the pinion and a slot in the
disk w. From this construction it follows that the disk w, and with it the spindle K,
and the lithographic roller G, may be turned independently of the pinion e, so as
to accurately set the roller so that its impression will register exactly with those
made by the other lithographic rollers.
By the mechanism already described, each revolution of the great gear wheels
of the machine produces four revolutions of the lithographic rollers, and during
one of these revolutions, the pressure rollers H are brought up against the
lithographic rollers by the action of the cams operated by the pressure roller
shafts V, and the cams b, on the lower side of the sliding frames L, carrying the
pressure rollers. When these cams pass one another, the pressure rollers drop,
the shork of the drop being taken up by the coil springs S.
On reference to Fig. 4, the mechanism for throwing the clutches on the shafts V
out of connection, will be seen.
On the
z is a pinion fast on the shuft B, of the far dram A. This pinion meshes with a
larger pinion A' journalled on the outside of the frame of the machine.
face of this pinion is a cam B' adapted to engage with a friction roller C
slide D' carried by the spindle of the pinion.
on the
E' is a connecting rod pivoted at one end to the slide D' and at the other to one
arm of the bell crank lever F'. The other arm of this bell crank lever is pivotally
connected by means of the rod G¹ to the crank arm H' fast on the end of the rock
shaft 1', journalled as shown on transverse portions of the main frame C.
J' are crank arms set opposite to one another on the shaft 1. A set of these is
provided for each of the pressure roller shafts V, but only two of these connections
are shown in Fig. 4. These crank arms are pivoted to the connecting rods K'
secured at their other ends to bars L' having jaws M' formed at each end and in
the centre thereof. These jaws engage with grooves formed in the sleeves c.
From this construction it follows that every time the cam B' comes in contact
with the friction roller on the slide D', that the clutches on the shafts V, are
disconnected and that the pressure rollers will not then be raised by the rotation
of the shafts. By this means, additional time is given for the inking and damping
mechanism to operate on the lithographic rollers without an impression being

page_text: taken, the precise time depending on the relative proportions of the gear
pinions and A¹.
N' is a lever fulcrummed at its centre and pivoted at one end to the slide D
To the other end is pivoted a connecting rod O¹ pivoted at the other end to a hand
lever P¹ pivoted at the other end of the machine. Thus by means of this hand lever
the slide D' may be moved and the clutches on the shaft V, thrown out of connection
for as long a period as the operator may desire, thus giving as much time as may be
necessary to thoroughly ink and damp the rollers before starting to take impressions
therefrom.
Ou reference to Figs. 1 and 3, the mechanism for damping and inking the
lithographic rollers will be readily understood..
Qare bars located one at each side of the machine and sliding on the ends of
the shafts V and B, slots R' being provided therein to permit of their lengthwise
motion on the shafts. Each end of the shaft B, of the near drum A, is provided
with a cam S¹ engaging with a friction roller T on the end of the bar Q
At the other end of each bar Q'a small rod U is conuected, as shown, lying
in a long slot al in the bar, and passing loosely through a hole in the pin V₁
(see Fig. 5).
W is a coil spring on the rod U₁ bearing against the pin V₁ and the end
of the slot a'. From this construction it follows that the shaft may be moved
in the direction indicated by arrow in Figs. 3 and 5, when the cam S' comes in
contact with the friction roller T' and that it will be returned to its original
position by the spring W₁ when the low part of the cam comes opposite the
friction roller.
The inking and damping mechanism will be described in reference to one end
of one of the lithographic rollers only, but it will of course be understood that
the mechanism is repeated for each end of each lithographic roller used in the
machine.
The
In Figs. 1 and 3, 6 is a lever pivoted on the spindle 7. A pin e¹ projects
from the lower end of this lever into a slot d' formed in the bar Q.
upper part of the lever is double and the lever et is pivoted on the spindle l,
between the two parts, but may be pivoted independently. The centre of this
lever is widened and slotted at through which part a rod g₁ passes. A pin h¹
passes through the centre of this rod and through slots in the two parts of the
lever b¹.
are coil springs placed on each end of the rod g¹ and bearing between the
widened part of the lever e¹ and the nuts k¹ by means of which the tension of
the springs may be regulated.
The end of the lever el is pivoted on the spindle l' of the head n'. This head has
slots m¹ formed therein to receive the ends of the spindles of of the leather covered
inking rollers pl. These slots are made sufficiently deep so that the inking rollers
may accommodate themselves to the surface of either the lithographic roller G, or
the revolving ink slab q'.
On one end of the spindle of each revolving ink slab ql is a gear pinion y geared
through an intermediate pinion to the pinion a" on the spindle K of the corre-
sponding lithographic rolier G (see Fig. 1). The pinion is connected to an
arm carried by the spindle w'. This arm is held in position by the curved arm c¹¹¹
which is formed integral with the arun 6 and is bolted as shown to the bracket on
the main frame on which the ink slab q' is journalled, (see Fig. 8). The armis
slotted as shown to permit of the gearing being changed to drive the ink slab at
any desired speed.
rare two steel pressure and distributing rollers each resting on two of the inking
rollers p', (see Fig. 3). The spindles s¹ of these pressure and distributing rollers are
journalled in a head pivoted on a rod u jourúalled at each end on a sliding bar v
which is slotted to slide on the spindle wo of the revolving ink slab q' behind the
collar.c¹.
A is a set screw passing through the end of the sliding bar and bearing

page_text: against the spindle we so that the sliding bar may be held at any desired position on
the spindle to. B is an arm pivoted at one end to the sliding bar and at the
other to the spindle l'.
From the construction already described, it follows that when the bar Q' is moved
in the direction indicated by arrow, that the inking rollers p' are raised from the
lithographic roller and pressed against the revolving ink slab g', the springs j
ensuring an elastic pressure of the inking rollers against either the lithographic
roller or the ink slab.
While the inking rollers are being raised, the arm B", connected to the sliding
bar v raises the pressure and distributing rollers r out of the path of the inking
rollers and returns them to their former position, when the inking rollers are again
lowered into contact with the lithographic rollers.
On each end of the near pressure roller shaft V, (see Figs. 2 and 3) is a cam C¹.
A pin D on one end of the bell crank lever E engages with a cam groove in this
cam, which is best seen in Fig. 6. To the other end of this bell crank lever a rod F"
is conuected. The other end of this red passes through a crank arm G" connected
to the end of the spindle H".
I are coil springs hearing at one end against the crank arm G" and at the other
against adjusting nuts J of the rod F.
K is a crank arm rigidly connected to this spindle H and pivotel at its other
end to the centre of the top of the T-head L. At each end of the top of this
T-head, one of the spindles M" of the cloth covered damping rollers N" is journalled.
The leg of the T-head L" has a slot O formed therein, through which the
spindle M" of the third damping roller N passes.
P is another crank arm rigidly connected to the spindle H". This crank
arm has a slot Q formed therein into which the spindle of the near damping
roller N projects after passing through the slot Ou of the leg of the T-head L
The effect of this construction is that when the spindle His rocked, the near
damping roller N is drawn away from its companions before they have left the
lithographing reller and by the time they have been withdrawn is in contact with
the damping font roller Ru journalled on the main frame of the machine.
The far damping rollers N" are brought into contact with the lithographing
roller G first, and the near damping roller N is then brought into contact with the
former, thus the damping rollers in contact with the lithographing roller always
receive their moisture at second hand from the near damping roller N which is
never in contact with them and the damping font roller R at the same time. This
construction ensures very even damping of the lithographic roller, and avoids all
danger of excessive moistening.
The damping font roller R revolves in the damping font S", which is always
kept filled with water (see Fig. 1). To the end of the spindle T of the damping
font roller, a grooved pulley U is connected. This grooved pulley is connected
by a cross belt with a grooved pulley on the end of the pressure roller shaft V.
At the near end of Fig. 1, this pulley and belt are omitted, but they are clearly
shown at the further end of the view.
Instead of allowing the damping roller N to come directly in contact.
with the damping font roller R" as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, we prefer to add the
intermediate mechanism shown in Fig. 10. In this figure, the damping font roller
revolves in the damping font S which is hung from the spindle T of the
damping font roller.
is a semi-circular damping table, each end of which is rigidly connected to the
sleeve through which passes the spindle T. This sleeve is journalled in a
bearing o connected to the main frame of the machine as shown.
m is the table damping roller, the ends of the spindle n of which slide in.
slots in the bearings o
is a cam formed on the end of the damping table A
1
When the parts are in the position shown in the drawing, each end of the.
damping table roller m rests on one of the cams p, and the roller -is-at-the same.

page_text: time in contact with the damping font roller R. As the table is revolved, the
roller m is lifted and passes over the surface of the table k, dropping back on to
the damping font roller R" when the damping table has passed. It is against the
surface of this table that the damping roller N will press, instead of against the
damping roller R, as shown in Fig. 3. By interposing the damping table roller m
and the damping table between the damping font roller R" and the damping
roller N, there is no possibility of too much moisture being imparted to the
lithographic roller.
To the end of the spindle T is connected a pinion g' which meshes with a
segmental rack pivoted at s to the frame of the machine.
1 is an arm rigidly connected to the segmental rack and which is slotted to
slide on a pin u adjustable in a slot wl in the disk vill.
Thus, by the revolution of the disk, the segmental rack is reciprocated and
the damping font roller R" reciprocally rotated. By making the pin ull adjustable
in the slot, the throw of the rack is easily regulated. The disk is connected
to one of the pressure roller shafts V, to which is also connected as previously
described a grooved pulley / connected by a cross belt with the grooved pulley U",
rigidly connected to the sleeve. A rotary motion is thus imparted to the damping
table 1.
In Fig. 1, the intermediate mechanism between the damping font roller R and
the damping rollers Nu is omitted for simplicity and the grooved pulleys U
drive the damping rollers instead of the damping tables, the two being strictly
analogous as being the parts from which the damping rollers N" and Ni derive
their moisture.
The spindle, of the ink slab ql is journalled, as shown, in a bracket extending
upwardly from the main frame C, of the machine. To this bracket a head U¹¹¹ is
connected and has three slots V formed therein to receive the spindles W of the
rubber covered ink slab distributing rollers a".
In Fig. 3, 6 is a curved metal bar lying on top of the spindles W" and pivoted
at e to the head U. A coil spring d is connected to the other end of this curved
metal bar and to the head U so that it exerts a constant tension on the curved
bar and thus holds the ink slab distributing rollers firmly in contact with the
surface of the ink slab.
It is preferable to impart a slight end-wise motion to the ink slab distributing
rollers. In Fig. 12, 7 is a cam rigidly connected to the spindle w of the ink
slab g', and having a ring 2, on its inner face which engages with the collars 3 formed
on or connected to the ends of two of the spindles W of the ink slab distributing
rollers a". As shown, this ring is further from the disk at certain parts of the
circumference than at others and it thus forms a cam to impart a slight reciprocating
motion to the ink slab distributing rollers. In Figs. 1 and 3, these cams are omitted
to show the parts behind.
ell is the ink font of any suitable construction and securely connected to the
bracket on which the spindle w¹ is journalled. Each ink font contains ink of the
color to be given the impression of its corresponding lithographing roller.
f is the font roller journalled near its front edge. " is the rubber covered
feeding roller in contact with the ink on the font roller and the ink slab. This
roller is journalled in bearings adjustable in slides, as shown, so that the amount
of ink it picks up may be easily regulated.
On one end of the spindle " of the font roller is a ratchet wheel ". On the
same spindle is journalled an arm " carrying a spring-actuated dog k" engaging
with the teeth of the ratchet wheel (see Fig. 9).
An arm is pivoted at one end near the periphery of the revolving collar a on
the spindle w and at the other end is connected with the arm j by means of a
clamping nut ml; a slot n being provided in the arm J" to permit of the
adjustment of the throw of the arm. The arm may of course be connected to
any other part which will give it a reciprocating motion.
From this construction it will be seen that the ink font roller is continuously

page_text: revolved to supply fresh ink to the feeding roller g" which applies it to the
ink slab.
In Figs. I and 5 will be seen the paper feeding and tension mechanism.
To the end of the machine, when complete, will be connected brackets to
hold a roll of paper, but owing to lack of room, these have been omitted from
the drawing.
The paper o will pass from this roll over the guiding roller p and thence
under the tension roller q", thence on to the surface of the carrying belt F by
which it is carried between the lithographic and pressure rollers. The guiding
roller pl and tension roller q" are journalled in heads pivoted on lugs sl at
each side of the machine. Each head has a lug t" projecting therefrom,
through which passes a set screw u¹¹ bearing against the upper side of the guide E,
or other convenient part. The tension roller "rests on the upper surface of a
curved guard v extending from side to side of the machine and connected thereto
in any suitable manner.
It will be seen that by tightening or loosening the set screw all that the tension.
roller q may be made to press the paper against the upper surface of the curved
guard so as to give the said paper any tension desired."
to are guiding collars adjustably connected to the roller p" so that they may
be shifted to properly guide whatever width of paper may be passing through the
machine.
In Fig. 1 will be seen the ty npan 4, which lies on top of the carrying
belt F. This tympan is also seen in Fig. 2, and is for the purpose of giving a
hard surface beneath the paper when an impression is being made. The tympan
might be made of a continuous belt of sheet steel or papier mache surrounding the
carrying belt F, or it may be made as shown in Fig. 11 merely of sufficient length
to reach from one end of the machine to the other. In this case it is of course
made to travel forward, when it is gripped between the belt F and the lithographic
rollers, while an impression is being made. To return it to its original position for
a new impression, we connect to one eud of it two flexible metal strips 5, which are
wound on disks 6, on the roller 7, operated by the spring 8. This roller is
connected to the end of the frame of the machine and consequently tends to keep
the tympan in the position shown. It should be mentioned that the metal strips 6
pass through slots in the curved guard vll.
Having set out the construction of the machine, we will now briefly describe its
operation-
As in all lithographic processes, the first step is to polish the stones and to
transfer the drawings from the lithographic transfer paper to the lithographic
stones or rollers, the drawing for each stone consisting, as usual, of those parts of
the complete impression which are to appear of the color that that particular stone
is arranged to print. To do this it is first necessary to remove the inking and
damping rollers, then the transfers are run through the machine. The transfer
paper adheres to the stones and is wound upon them so that the press may be run
until the pressure rollers have risen several times and thus thoroughly rolled the
transfer paper into contact with the stones. The transfer paper is now dampened
and removed, and the stones washed off. The inking and damping rollers are now
replaced and the lithographic rollers thoroughly inked up. After inking or rolling
up, they may be etched in the machine by washing the diluted acid, usually used,
or they may be removed and etched in suitable tanks. After etching, they are
gummed in the usual way and are then ready for printing.
The operator now grasps the hand lever P¹ (see Fig. 4) and by operating it,
throws the clutches on the shafts V, out of connection so that the pressure rollers
remain in their lowered position. This enables the inking and damping rollers to
thoroughly damp and ink the lithographic rollers before any impression is taken.
The hand lever P' is then released and the tension roller q is loosened and the
carrying belt F is allowed to draw the paper through the machine. When the
paper arrives under the first lithographic roller, the pressure rollers rise and an

page_text: impression is taken. When this impression has been carried under the second
lithographic roller, the pressure rollers rise as before and a second impression is
made on top of the first and at the same time a fresh impression is made by the
first lithograph roller. The paper continues to travel forward and when the
double impression arrives under the third lithographic roller, the pressure rollers
again rise and the third impression is added on top of the two already super-
imposed, and in a machine constructed like the present for three colors, the
impression is complete. While this impression is completed the other two rollers
have been respectively operating, as already described. As soon as the paper
arrives under the third roller, the tension roller q" is tightened so as to give the
necessary tension to ensure the paper being evenly drawn through the machine.
Such in brief is the operation of the machine, but it will be necessary to enter
more into the details of the operation of each lithographic. roller, what is said of
one being of course applicable to all.
The gearing in the machine is so proportioned that one revolution of the great
gear wheels corresponds to a single impression. One revolution of the great gear
wheels is equal to four revolutions of the lithographic roller and four revolutions
of the rotary ink slab. Of these four revolutions of the lithographic roller, one
revolution is made while the damping rollers are in contact with it, the next two
revolutions, while the inking rollers are in contact with it, and one revolution while
the damping and pressure rollers are in contact with it, and while an impression is
being made on the paper passing through the machine.
If the pinion z is in mesh with the pinion A! as previously described, there will
be eight revolutions of each lithographic roller to an impression, of these eight
revolutions, the first one is made when the damping rollers are in contact with the
lithographic roller; the next two while the inking rollers are in contact with it;
the next two while the damping rollers are in contact with it, and the next two
while the inking rollers are in contact with it, and one revolution made while the
damping rollers and pressure rollers are in contact with it, is for making the
impression on the paper passing through the machine; but ordinarily these pinions
would be disconnected, as extra inking and damping is only needful in certain cases
where extra thickness of ink is required for the impression.
If it is found, after making the first impression, that the impression of one of the
lithographic rollers does not register properly with the previous impression or
impressions, the roller may be turned slightly by loosening the clamping bolt y,
which permits the roller to be revolved within the limit of the slot, as previously
described, thus means are provided whereby the impressions of all the lithographic
rollers may be accurately registered.
It may happen that as a lithographic roller becomes worn by use, one of its
revolutions may not correspond exactly with one quarter revolution of the great
gear wheels of the machine. If this is so, the gear wheels would not revolve the
lithographic roller fast enough to suit the speed at which the carrying belt will
revolve the said roller and it is necessary to make provision to allow the litho-
graphic roller to revolve a little faster than will be permitted by a rigid gear-
connection. It is with this view that a loose connection is formed between the gear
wheels and as already described (see Figs. 2 and 7).
The carrying belt F, being gripped between the lithographic roller and the
pressure roller, imparts motion to both, while the impression is being made, and as
these rollers are in contact for a sufficient length of time to fully complete an
impression, the lithographic roller will be rotated by the carrying belt F sufficiently
to complete its impression independent of its gear connection with the pressure
roller shaft.
It is sometimes necessary to hold the ink rollers off the lithographic roller in
case of the surface of the lithographic roller being accidentally soiled by dirt or
grease. To effect this, a shaft d is journalled across the frame of the machine.
A crank arm.e is connected to each end of this shaft (see Figs. 3 and 5). Each
crank arm is slotted at its upper end to engage with a pin fl on each sliding

page_text: bar Q. is a hand lever (see Figs. 1 and 5), connected to one end of this
shaft so that by rocking the hand lever, the sliding bars Q¹ may be moved so as to
raise the inking roller from the surface of the lithographic roller while the dirt or
the grease is being removed.
In Fig. 13 is shown a preferable form of roller for either inking or damping. It
is found in practice that the ordinary blanket and leather covered roller is not
entirely satisfactory, and after working for a time, the leather stretches and has to
be pulled and cut off at the ends in order to keep its surface in condition
to produce uniform distribution. To remedy this defect, the roller is preferably
constructed with an outer leather covering 9, an inner inflated rubber tube 10, the
open ends of which are suitably held between jamb nuts, as shown, in order to form
an air tight joint.
11, are two air inlet pipes, by means of which the tube 10 may be inflated.
These are provided with screw-caps, or may be fitted with valves such as used in
inflating bicycle tires. As the leather stretches, the tube may be further inflated
to keep the surface of the leather properly taut so that uniform distribution may
be effected.
It will of course be understood that the proportion of the gearing and other parts
may be widely varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.
In the machine, as shown in the drawings, the rotary motion of the lithographic
and other rollers is in one direction, but it is obvious that the same object would be
accomplished by giving them a reciprocating rotary motion.
The machine is described as arranged to print three colors, but any number of
lithographic rollers may be used so as to print in as many colors as may be
desired.
It will be understood that wherever the words "lithographic roller" or
"lithographing roller" are used in the specification and claims that they are to be
taken to cover the other forms of rollers previously specified.
It is not necessary to use the same kind of roller in each section of the machine.
Each style of roller has its own peculiarities and in some classes of work rollers of
a different kind may be used on the same job.
By changing the gearing, the machine could be so arranged that the impression
from the rollers instead of being superimposed would fall side by side, in which
case several different jobs could be turned out at the same time.
When the whole impression on the roller is in the nature of a line engraving on
metal, it will be necessary to remove the damping font and use the damping roller
mechanism to wipe the impression roller after inking and before printing, the
reason for which will be well understood by copper and steel plate workers.
What is considered the broad feature of the invention is the production of
lithographs, chromolithographs copper and steel engravings by a continuous rotary
process.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The process of and apparatus for producing lithographs, chromolithographs,
zincographs, and steel and copper engravings, which consists in transferring a
design to a stone, zinc, aluminum, copper, or steel roller, and then printing directly
from the roller to which the design is so transferred, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
2. The process of and apparatus for producing lithographs, chromolithographs,
zincographs, and steel and copper engravings which consists in producing a design
on a flat surface of paper, metal or other material, then in transferring the
design by contact or pressure to a stone, zinc, aluminum, copper or steel roller and
then printing directly from the roller to which the design is so transferred,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. In a press, a roller composed of lithographic stone aluminum, zinc, copper or
B

page_text: 1
steel to which a design has been transferred, in combination with a pressure roller
and means for imparting a rotary motion to the first mentioned roller, substantially
as and for the purpose specified.,
4. In a press, a cylindrical lithographic stone or, roller, in combination with a
pressure roller, and means for imparting a rotary motion to the said lithographic
roller, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
5. In a press, a cylindrical lithographic stone or roller, in combination with a
pressure roller; means for bringing the pressure roller up against the lithographic
roller; and means for imparting a rotary motion to the said lithographic roller,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
6. In a press, a cylindrical lithographic stone or roller, in combination with a
pressure roller; means for bringing the pressure roller against the lithographic
roller; means for damping and inking the lithographic roller; and means for
imparting a rotary motion to the said lithographic roller, substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
7. In a press, two or more rotary lithographing mechanisms arranged in series
so that a series of complete impressions may be produced on a roll of paper passed
through the press, each rotary lithographing mechanism producing a part of each
complete impression, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
8. In a press, a series of cylindrical lithographic stones or rollers, in combination
with a corresponding number of pressure rollers; means for damping and inking
each lithographic roller; means for bringing the pressure rollers up against the
lithographic rollers at regular intervals; an endless belt passing between the
lithographic and pressure rollers and carried by suitable drums; and means for
rotating the said drums and the lithographic rollers, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
9. In a press, a cylindrical lithographic stone or roller, in combination with a
pressure roller supported on a spring carried by a frame sliding in grooves on the
main frame of the machine; a pressure roller shaft; cams on the said shaft
adapted to raise the sliding frame, and means for rotating the said shaft and
lithographic roller, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
10. In a press, one or more pressure rollers, each supported on a spring carried
by a frame sliding in guide ways on the main frame of the machine, in combination
with one or more pressure roller shafts journalled in the main frame; means for
revolving said shafts; sleeves loose on each shaft, each forming one-half of a
clutch and having cams thereon adapted to raise the sliding frame when the sleeves
are rotated; sleeves sliding on feathers on the shaft and each forming the
corresponding half of a clutch; springs adapted to hold the sleeves in clutch; a
pair of bars having jaws engaging with grooves in the sliding sleeves; a rock shaft
journalled on the main frame; crank arms rigidly connected to the rock-shaft;
rods connecting the aforesaid bars and the ends of the crank arms, and means for
operating the said rock shaft, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
11. In a press, one or more pressure rollers, each supported on a spring carried
by a frame sliding in guide ways on the main frame of the machine, in combination
with one or more pressure roller shafts journalled in the main frame means for
revolving said shafts; sleeves loose on each shaft, each forming one-half of a clutch
and having cams thereon adapted to raise the sliding frame when the sleeves are
rotated; sleeves sliding on feathers on the shaft and each forming the corresponding
half of a clutch; springs adapted to hold the sleeves in clutch; a pair of bars
having jaws engaging with grooves in the sliding sleeves; a rock shaft journalled
on the main frame; crank arm rigidly connected to the rock shaft; rods
connecting the aforesaid bars and the ends of the crank arms; a crank arm rigidly
connected to the said rock shaft; a bell crank lever fulcrummed on the main frame;
a connecting rod pivoted to the beli crauk lever and the said crank arm; a slide
suitably supported; a connecting rod pivoted to the bell crank lever and the
slide; a cam adapted to operate the slide and means for operating the, cam
substantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 12. In a press, the combination of the following elements :-The shaft B; the
pinion z; the pinion A'; the cam B₁; the slide D¹; the friction roller C¹;
the connecting rod E'; the bell crank lever F; the connecting rod G¹; the
crank arm H; the rock shaft I'; the crank arms J'; the connecting rods K';
the bars L'; the jaws M', engaging with grooves on the sleeves c, sliding on..
feathers on the shafts V; means for revolving the shafts V; sleeves W, having a
clutch connection with the sleeves c; springs d, and collurs e, and cams a adapted
to raise the sliding frames L, when the sleeves W are revolved, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
13. In a press, the combination of the following elements:-The shaft B; the
pinion ; the pinion A¹; the cam B¹; the slide D'; the friction roller C';
the lever N'; the connecting rod O'; the hand lever P¹; the connecting rod E';
the bell crank lever F; the connecting rod G'; the crank arm H₁; the rock
shaft ; the crank arms J'; the connecting rods K'; the bars L'; jaws M¹
engaging with grooves on the sleeves c sliding on feathers, on the shafts V, means
for revolving the shafts V; sleeves W, having a clutch connection with the
sleeves c; springs d and collars e, and cams a adapted to raise the sliding frame L
when the sleeves W are revolved, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
14. In a press, the pressure roller H; bearing blocks N; spring O; sliding
frame L; adjusting screw P; projections Q; grooves R; and cam projections 6,
in combination with the shaft V; sleeves W; cam projections a; movable clutch
connections between the shaft V and the sleeves W, and means for revolving the
shafts V, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
15. In a press, the pressure roller H; bearing blocks N; spring O; sliding
frame L; adjusting screw P; recessed projections Q; grooves R; springs S;
guiding rods U; bearing portions T, of the projections Q, and cam projections b,
in combination with the shaft V; sleeves W; cam projections a; movable clutch
connections between the shaft V and the sleeves W, and means for revolving the
shafts V, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
16. In a press, the combination of a series of lithographic rollers; a series of
pressure rollers and a series of pressure roller shafts geared together and adapted
to raise the pressure rollers at regular intervals against the lithographic rollers,
each of which is geared to the pressure roller shaft of its corresponding pressure
roller substantially as and for the purpose specified.
17. In a press, the combination of a series of lithographic rollers; a series of
pressure rollers and a series of pressure roller shafts geared together and adapted
to raise the pressure rollers at regular intervals against the lithographic rollers,
each of which is geared to the pressure roller shaft of its corresponding. pressure
roller; two drums located at each end of the machine; a gear wheel fast on the
shaft of one of the drums; gearing connecting the said gear wheel with the
train of the pressure roller shafts; means for conveying motion from the above-
mentioned drum to the drum at the other end of the machine and a carrying belt
passing round the said drums and between the pressure and lithographing rollers,
substantially as and for the purpose specified. :
:gear
18. In a press, a lithographing roller suitably journalled, and a pinion connected
to the spindle of the said roller, in combination with a gear wheel loose on the
corresponding pressure roller shaft; a projection formed on the hub of the said
gear wheel and a projection formed on the said shaft or on a gear wheel rigidly
connected thereto and engaging with the projection on the loose gear wheel so
that the latter will be revolved by the rotation of the pressure roller shaft, but is
free to move forward independently of the latter, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
19. In a press, the lithographing roller G, having a pinion v connected to its
spindle, in combination with the gear wheels loose. on the shaft V; a set screw t
screwed through a projection on the hub of the gear wheels; a gear wheel ; on
the shaft V, and the pin u carried by a projection on the hub of the gear wheel j
or on the shaft V, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 20. In a press, the lithographing roller G, having a disk w rigidly connected to
its: spindle, in combination with a pinion » clamped by the bolt y to the disk w;
a slot being formed in either the disk or the pinion to permit of the relative
position of the two being, adjusted, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
21. In a press, two levers, each pivoted at one end to the frame of the machine,
and at the other to one of two heads in which are journalled one or more
inking rollers, in combination with a cylindrical ink slab and a lithographing
roller, and means for rocking the said levers so as to reciprocate the said inking
roller or rollers between the lithographic roller and the ink slab, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
22. In a press, two levers, each pivoted at one end to the frame of the machine,
and at the other to one of two heads which are slotted or grooved to receive the
spindles of two or more inking rollers, in combination with a cylindrical ink slab
and a lithographic roller, and means for rocking the said levers so as to
reciprocate the said inking rollers between the lithographic roller and the
cylindrical roller between the lithographic roller and the cylindrical ink slab, the
slots in the heads permitting the rollers to adjust themselves to the curved surfaces
of the lithographing roller and the ink slab, respectively, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
23. In a press, two levers 1 pivoted at their centres on the main frame at
opposite sides thereof; two levers e' also pivoted on the main frame and each
having a spring connection with one end of one of the levers ; two heads n¹ having
spindles on which the ends of the levers el are pivoted; two or more inking
rollers pl having spindles o' lying in slots m' in the heads n', in combination with
a lithographing roller, a cylindrical ink slab and two sliding bars Q¹ slotted to
engage with pins c¹ on the ends of the levers b', substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
24. In a press, the lithographing roller G, and the cylindrical ink slab q'; in
combination with the spindles ; heads n', slotted at m'; inking rollers p';
spindles o pressure and distributing rollers; spindles s; heads t', journalled
on the sliding bars v¹, slotted to slide on the spindle w¹ of the ink slab q'; the
arm B; and means for moving the heads n so as to reciprocate the inking
rollers between the lithographic roller and the ink slab, substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
25. In a press, the lithographing roller G, and the cylindrical ink slab q'; in
combination with the spindles ; heads n'; slotted at m'; inking rollers pl;
spindles ; pressure and distributing rollers ; spindles si; heads t'; rod u',
journalled on the sliding bars V', slotted to slide on the spindle w¹ of the ink
slab g; the collars ; the arms B" and means for. moving the heads n so as to
reciprocate the inking rollers between the lithographic roller and the ink slab,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
26. In a press, the lithographing roller G, and the cylindrical ink, slab q¹; in
combination with the spindles ; heads n' slotted at m'; inking rollers.pl;
spindles o pressure and distributing rollers r¹; spindles s¹; heads t¹; rod u¹.
journalled on the sliding bars v', slotted to slide on the spindle w' of the ink
slab g; the collars '; set screws A"; the arms B", and means for moving the
heads n¹ so as to reciprocate the inking rollers between the lithographic roller
and the ink slab, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
27. In a press, the lithographing roller G, and the ink slab q', in combination
with the heads n' carrying the .inking rollers p'; the spindles ; the levers e¹
pivoted on the spindle 4, or its equivalent, and widened and slotted at f¹; the.
levers b' pivoted at the same points as the levers e¹ and made double at their upper.
portions to embrace the levers e'; the rods y'; pins passing through. the
rods g and through slots in the levers. b; the coil springs j; the nuts k¹; the
pins on the lower ends of the levers b', and the sliding bars Q' slotted at d¹
to receive the pins c', substantially as and for the purpose specified...

page_text: 28. In a press, bars arranged to slide one on each side of the machine, each:
sliding bar being provided with a pin or friction roller; a cam on each end of
one of the revolving shafts of the machine adapted to engage with the pins or
friction rollers so as to slide the bars and springs adapted to return the sliding
bars to their normal position when released by the cams, in combination with a
series of levers pivoted on each side of the machine, one arm of each lever being
provided with a pin which engages with a slot in one of the sliding bars, and the
other end connected with the inking rollers so as to reciprocate them when the
bars are operated, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
. 29. In a press, bars arranged to slide one ou each side of the machine, each
sliding bar having a pin thereon engaging with a slot in a crank arm connected
to a shaft journalled in the frame of the machine and provided with a hand lever
whereby it may be rocked, in combination with a series of levers pivoted on each..
side of the machine, one arm of each lever being provided with a pin which.
engages with a slot in one of the sliding bars, and the other end connected with.
the inking rollers so as to reciprocate them when the bars are operated,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
30. In a press, the combination of the bars Q' arranged to slide one on each
side of the machine; the pins or friction rollers T'; the cams S' on the shaft B ;.
the springs W₁; rod U₁ and pins V₁, located in slots in the bars Q'; the
shaft d; crank arms ell; pius fentering slots in the crank arms ell
levers b¹; pins centering slots d' in the bars Q'; the levers 6! being connected.
with the inking rollers so as to reciprocate them when the bars are operated,.
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
31. In a press, a cylindrical ink slab having its spindle journalled in a bracket
on the main frame, in combination with an ink font attached to the same bracket;
a font roller journalled at the front edge of the font; a feeding roller similarly
journalled in contact with both the font roller and the ink slab, and means
for rotating the ink slab and the font roller, substantially as and for the purpose.
specified.
32. In a press, the ink slab q' having its spindle w¹ journalled in a bracket on
the main frame, in combination with the ink font el secured to the same bracket,"
the font roller ; the feeding roller g; the. spindle "; ratchet wheel 1 ;
arm j; spring actuated dog k; arm, pivoted at one end to the collar ¹ on
the spindle w of the ink slab and at the other to the arm n and gearing.
conveying motion to the ink slab from a convenient revolving part of the machine,.
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
33. In a press, the lithographing roller G, having a pinion all connected to its
spindle, in combination with the ink slab g' suitably journalled; pinion y rigidly
connected to the spindle wl; pinion 211 rigidly connected to the arm 6111 loose on.
the shaft w; and the arm c integral with the arm 6 and securely bolted to
the main frame of a bracket extending therefrom, substantially as and for the.
purpose specified.
34. In a press, a lithographing roller and a damping roller or table moistened by
suitable means from a damping font, in combination with damping rollers carried.
by crank arms extending from a spindle journalled in the main frame and means
for rocking the said spindle, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
35. In a press, two levers, each pivoted at one end to the frame of the machine
and at the other to one of two heads in which are journalled one or more inking
rollers; a cylindrical ink slab; a lithographing roller; a damping roller or table:
moistened by suitable means from a damping font; damping rollers carried by.
crank arms extending from a spindle journalled in the main frame; a crank arm.
connected to the said spindle; a rod connecting the crank arm to a bell crank
lever pivoted on the same pivot as the levers operating the inking rollers, and.
means for rocking the said levers, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
36. In a press, a lithographing roller and a damping roller or table moistened
by suitable means from a damping font, in combination with one or more damping

page_text: rollers journalled in heads pivoted on crank arms connected to a spindle journalléd
in the main frame; a damping roller having each end of its spindle extending
through a slot in one of the said heads into a slot in one of a second pair of crank
arms also connected to the said spindle and means for rocking the said spindle,
substantially as. and for the purpose specified.
37. In a press, the combination of a damping table or roller, means for
moistening the same; the spindle H"; crank arm K"; T-heads L, pivoted on
the crank arms K"; two damping rollers N journalled in the T-heads L";
crank arms P"; damping roller N1, having the ends of its spindle passing
through slots O" in the legs of the T-heads L into slots Qin the crank
arms P", and means for rocking the said spindle H", substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
38. In a press, the combination of a damping table or roller; means for
moistening the same; the spindle H"; crank arms K"; T-heads L₁ pivoted on
the crank arms K"; two damping rollers N11 journalled in the T-heads L";
crank arms P"; damping roller N; having the ends of its spindle passing
through slots O in. the legs of the T-heads L into slots Q in the crank
arms P; crank arms G"; rods F11; springs I; adjusting nuts J"; bell crank
levers E; pins D"; cam C¹¹ on a second shaft V, and means for rotating the
shafts V, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
:
39. In a press, the ink slab feeding and distributing mechanism comprising the
following elements:-The ink slab g' having its spindle w' journalled in brackets
connected to the main frame of the machine; the heads U connected to the same
brackets; the ink slab distributing rollers a"; spindles w lying in slots V" in
the heads U; curved metal bars 6"; springs d"; ink font ell; ink font roller ";
feeding roller ", and means for revolving the ink slab and the ink font roller,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
40. In a press, a paper feeding and tension device, comprising a guiding roller
and a tension roller journalled at one end of the machine; à guard extending from
side to side of the machine and means for pressing the tension roller against the
guard, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
41. In a press, a paper feeding and tension device comprising guiding
roller p and tension roller q journalled in the heads r pivoted on lugs sat
each side of the machine; lugs t"; set screws u" bearing against the upper side
of the guides E, or other convenient part and the guard v extending from side to
side of the machine, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
42. In a press, a paper feeding and tension device comprising a guiding
roller p; adjustable guiding collars w; tension roller q journalled in the
heads pivoted on lugs sl at each side of the machine; lugs "; set screws u
bearing against the upper side of the guides E, or other convenient part of the
guard extending from side to side of the machine, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
43. In a press, the lithographing roller G, having a spindle J, one end of which
is tapered, in combination with the hollow spindle K, tapered to receive the
tapered end of the spindle J, and the bearing I sliding in a dove-tail on the main
frame of the machine, the other end of the spindle J being journalled in the said
bearing I, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
44. In a press, the lithographing roller G; spindle J; bearing block I, sliding
in a dove-tail in the main frame of the machine; hollow spindle K tapered. to
receive the tapered end of the spindle J; projection on the hub of the hollow
spindle K, fitting into a recess in the hub of the lithographing roller G, substan-
tially as and for the purpose specified.
45. In a press, the damping font and a damping font roller adapted to revolve
therein, in combination with a semi-cylindrical damping table adapted to revolve
about the damping font; a damping table roller normally in contact with the
damping font roller and so carried as to be vertically movable; and a cam or cams
formed on or connected to the damping table so arranged that they will raise the

page_text: damping table roller into a position to come into contact with the revolving
damping table, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
46. In a press, the damping font roller R having a spindle T" and the damping
font S" swung from the said spindle, in combination with the damping table i
rigidly connected to the sleeve through which the spindle T passes; slotted
bearings o; roller m having a spindle n adapted to slide in the slots in the
bearings o; cams plll; and means for rotating the sleeve, and the spindle jill,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
47. In a press, the damping font roller R" having a spindle T and the damping
font S" swung from the said spindle, in combination with the damping table ¹
rigidly connected to the sleeve , through which the spindle T" passes; slotted
bearings o; roller m having a spindle n adapted to slide in the slots in the
bearings o; cams pl; shaft V; pulley on the shaft V; pulley U" on the
sleeve ; pinion q on the spindle T"; slotted arm t sliding on the pin u¹¹¹
adjustable on the disk on the shaft V, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
48. In a press, the ink slab feeding and distributing mechanism comprising the
following elements:-The ink slab q' having its spindle w¹ journalled in brackets
connected to the main frame of the machine; the heads U connected to the
same brackets; the ink slab distributing rollers a¹¹; spindles W lying in
slots V" in the heads U; curved metal bars 6"; springs d; cam 1 on the
ink slab spindle w¹, having a cam ring 2 engaging with collars 3 on one or more
of the spindles W; ink font e"; ink font roller f"; feeding roller g" and means
for revolving the ink slab and the ink roller, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
49. In a press, the combination of a lithographic roller; a pressure roller; an
endless belt passing between the said rollers; a bard surfaced tympan lying on or
connected to the said belt and means for revolving the lithographic roller and belt
and for raising and lowering the pressure roller, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
50. In a press, the combination of the carrying belt F; drums A; one or more
lithographic rollers G; one or more pressure rollers H; the tympan 4; flexible
strips 5; a spring roller adapted to wind up the said strips and means for
revolving the lithographic roller and belt and for raising and lowering the pressure
roller, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
51. In a press, a lithographic roller, in combination with rollers or wipers
carried by crank arms, and extending from a spindle journalled in the main frame,
and means for rocking the said spindle, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
52. In a press, an inking or damping roller having an outer covering of suitable
material surrounding an inflatable rubber tube suitably held upon the spindle of
the roller, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
53. In a press, an inking or damping roller consisting of the spindle; the
inflatable rubber tube 10 having its ends held between suitable clamp nuts and
provided with suitable air inlet tubes 11 provided with suitable means for
preventing the exit of the air, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 26th day of May 1896.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.