matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZING CLOTH
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Crossley, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SIZING CLOTH."
Sealed the 16th April 1878, and dated the 18th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Crossley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1877.
JAMES CROSSLEY, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Manager.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZING CLOTH."
" IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture sizing cloth which shall not be
so liable to stretch in width, or to double up on the roller, as heretofore, and consists
in the employment of weft consisting of a pick of linen and also of wool, instead of
using woollen weft alone, as heretofore, and whereby additional strength is obtained
to obviate the above-mentioned defects.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Crossley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th April
1878.
JAMES CROSSLEY, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Manager. « IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZING CLOTH."
The object of this Invention is to manufacture sizing cloth which shall not be so
liable to stretch in width, or to double up on the roller, as heretofore, and consists
in the employment of weft consisting of one or more yarns of linen and wool, instead
of using woollen weft alone, as heretofore, and whereby additional strength is obtained
to obviate the above-mentioned defects.
In performing my Invention the double weft; as herein-before described, is either
carried by the same or a different shuttle.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
Invention, together with the best methods with which I am acquainted for carrying
the same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that although I have simply
mentioned linen, yarns of jute or hemp might be substituted, but this I should
consider an obvious modification of my Invention; I claim, the manufacture of sizing
cloth with double weft, as and for the purposes described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Crossley, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JAMES CROSSLEY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Wilkinson, of Jackfield, in the County of Salop,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Wilkinson at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1877.
"IM-
JOHN WILKINSON, of Jackfield, in the County of Salop, Manufacturer.
PROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES."
My Invention has for its object to lessen the thickness and weight of roofing
tiles, and to reduce the tendency to warp and cast in drying and burning. With,
this view I form the beak of the tile, or that part by which it is suspended on the
lath, by turning down the clay from the upper outside arris of the tile to a sufficient
extent to form the rib or beak on the inside upper arris, thus maintaining an equal
portion of clay at that part, and thus greatly reducing the risk of warping. I also
bevil the upper arris of the lower end of the tile so as still further to reduce the
weight, and give a better appearance to the tile when laid-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Wilkinson in the Great Seal. Patent Office on the 23rd March
1878.
JOHN WILKINSON, of Jackfield, in the County of Salop, Manufacturer.
PROVEMENTS IN ROOFING TILES."
« IM-
My Invention has for its object to lessen the thickness and weight of roofing
tiles, and to reduce the tendency to warp and cast in drying and burning. With
this view I form the beak of the tile, or that part by which it is suspended on the
lath, by turning down the clay from the upper outside arris of the tile to a sufficient
extent to form the rib or beak on the inside upper arris, thus maintaining an equal
portion of clay on that part, and thus greatly reducing the risk of warping in
drying and burning. I also bevil the upper arris of the lower end of the tile so as
still further to reduce the weight, and give a better appearance to the tile when
laid.
In the annexed Drawings Figure 1 represents the front view of a tile thus formed;
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of the same; and Figure 3, a plan of the top.
(a) shows the nib or beak turned down out of the clay, forming the upper arris
on the top of the tile; and (b), the bevil on the upper arris of the lower end of the
tile.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim, the improvements in roofing tiles for the purpose
of reducing their weight and the tendency to warp in the process of manufacture,
as herein more fully set forth and specified.
t
In witness whereof, I, the said John Wilkinson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twentieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOHN WILKINSON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOE FASTENINGS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1877. A communication
from abroad by Frank Gunn Farnham, of Hawley, State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHOE FASTENINGS." A communication from abroad by Frank Gunn Farnham, of
Hawley, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
This Invention relates to a spring key for fastening shoes or boots on the foot.
It consists of three parts, viz.,—
Firstly. A base plate, which is to be securely attached to one side of the shoe,
and which has a loop or lug upon its face side, and to which a spring key is
attached.
Secondly. The spring key above mentioned.
And, Thirdly. A face plate which is to be attached to the other side of the shoe,
and which serves as a washer (when the parts of the shoe are closed and fastened
together), the spring key resting upon it when in use.
The various parts may be made of metal, plated or otherwise, and the base and
face plates have perforations in them, by means of which they are to be secured to
the shoe, or other convenient mode of attachment may be used.
The spring key is formed of one piece of metal, with a central looped seat and
looped end for the reception and accomodation of the lug.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES' USED IN PRESSES FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS, AND MAKING OIL CAKE THERE- FROM.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cyrus Eskrett and William Henry Searle, both of Kingston-
on-Hull, in the County of York, Oil Press Wrapper Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES' USED IN
PRESSES FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS, AND MAKING OIL CAKE THERE-
FROM.
"
Sealed the 27th October 1877, and dated the 10th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cyrus Eskrett and William
Henry Searle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May
1877.
CYRUS ESKRETT and WILLIAM HENRY SEARLE, both of Kingston-on-Hull, in the
County of York, Oil Press Wrapper Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRAPPERS
OR ENVELOPES USED IN PRESSES FOR EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS, AND MAKING
OIL CAKE THEREFROM."
$
This Invention relates to an improved means or method of securing the edging or
longitudinal strip of hair or other yielding substance attached near the edges of each
face of the wrapper.
Heretofore in securing the edging strips to the face of wrappers, the practise has
been to stitch the edgings to and through the body of the wrapper; this method
necessitated the boring of a number of holes through the wrapper for the stitches to
be passed through, and inasmuch as the holes were, of necessity, near the outer
edges, the wrappers were much weakened and were liable to constant breakage.
A further objection was that the portion of the stitches on the backs or outer
faces of the wrappers were (by the frequent introduction and withdrawal of the
wrappers to and from the press) subjected to much friction and the stitches were
worn out.

page_text: According to our Invention, we employ a leather flap piece or a soft and pliable
metallic seating for the edging hair or edging pieces; the inner portion of the flap
or seating is secured to the wrapper, and the outer portion or edge of the leather
flap or seating is turned up or raised above the face of the wrapper, so that the
edging hair or edging piece may be stitched to its leather or metallic seating; thus t
the practise of boring and weakening the wrappers is avoided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOM TEMPLES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Settle and John Grisdale, both of Little Bolton,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF LOOM TEMPLES"
Sealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 25th January 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Settle and John
Gusdale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th January
1877
THOMAS SETTLE and JOHN GRISDALE, both of Little Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOM TEMPLES"
This Invention relates to the construction of the temples employed in looms for
weaving, the object being to keep the cloth distended as it is woven previous to its
passing on to the cloth beam
To the breast beam (or other convenient part) we fix a bracket On the forward
end of this bracket is pivoted a short lever, to the other end of this lever is pivoted
a flat plate or blade canying a disc wheel at one end, having a number of pins or
spikes on its periphery, the end of the blade carrying this wheel is twisted or
inclined downwards, so that the wheel is set and revolves in an inclined position
On the same pivot supporting the spiked wheel is secured a prong, which extends
over and under the edge of the spiked wheel, this prong is capable being
adjusted by means of a nut, and is intended to act as a guide for the cloth on to
the teeth of the wheel
The spiked wheel is capable of being adjusted to the varying widths of cloth by
the blade being turned on its pivot backwards or forwards, and is held firmly in
the required position by means of a finger or catch, which falls into the teeth of a
rack situated in the other end of the cariying bracket, or by any other suitable con-
rivance

page_text: These temples are adjusted lengthwise, one on each side, along the selvage of the
cloth, and with the prongs underneath The cloth is caught in the wheels, the
spikes fastening themselves in the edges of the same, the wheels being turned by
the cloth as it moves in the loom
The great advantage of these temples is that they only take hold of the edge or
selvage of the cloth, whilst the temples ordinarily employed take hold of two or
three inches at a time, thereby injuring that much of the cloth
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR of Lancaster Manufacturer.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warwick at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1877.
JAMES WARWICK, of The City Sewing Machine Works, Manchester, in the County
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR
of Lancaster, Sewing Machine Manufacturer.
SEWING MACHINES.
My Invention consists in so constructing the shuttles of sewing machines that
the regulation of the tension of the thread and the threading thereof are greatly
facilitated.
In performing my Invention I convey the thread from a reel of the ordinary con-
struction down a slot round the usual bar, I then convey it across the shuttle in the
usual hook, then between a flat spring and the inside of the shuttle, finally down
the curved slot secured to me by Letters Patent on the 27th day of June 1876, Nº.
2642, which brings it under the spring in the usual manner.
I prefer to fix a flat spring of a new construction in the shuttle. One end of the
spring is fixed in a hole or otherwise in the end or back of the shuttle, and I employ
the various methods hereafter described to draw the spring against the inside of
the shuttle, whereby the requisite tension or drag is obtained.
I propose to draw the spring against the inside of the shuttle by a screw passing
through the spring and screwed through the shuttle. By turning this screw the
spring is forced backwards or forwards, and the requisite tension or drag is obtained;
or the spring may bo actuated by an inclined recess in the side of the shuttle and
a cam-headed stud which is secured behind the spring; thus by turning the stud the
tension may be obtained. Or a screw screwed through the shuttle and secured
behind the spring may be used, by turning which the necessary tension is obtained.
The head of the screw may be so shaped as to points, to numbers, or other marks on
the body of the shuttle to indicate the amount of tension. Again, an elongated
inclined recess may be made in the outside of the shuttle and a slot through the
recess, and a stud fixed through and secured behind a slot in the spring. By
moving the stud up or down the inclined recess the varying tension is obtained.
The spring may be bent at the end or back of the shuttle, and a regulating screw
acting on the bent end of the spring is applied to give the requisite tension. Or

page_text: by passing the thread one or more times round a bar on the side of the shuttle the
requisite tension can be obtained without a spring.
To prevent the yarn from the needle catching in the shuttle I cut an inclined
instead of a square slot at the back end of the shuttle bar. This inclined alot 5
facilitates the threading.
I also make a curved recess at the edge of the shuttle to facilitate the threading
of the hook in the spring:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS AND FILAMENTOUS SUBSTANCES FOR MANUFACTURE, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rogers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1877.
JOHN ROGERS, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Felt Mill Manager.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF FIBROUS AND FILAMENTOUS SUBSTANCES
FOR MANUFACTURE, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR."
This Invention has for its object the carding, cleaning, or teasing of tow or wool
and other fibrous and filamentous substances, and removing or separating therefrom
all dust and other impurities. For these purposes I cause the substance to be
violently thrown in an irregular manner and in different directions against spikes
or heckles, and I employ a cage or "screen" composed of tie rods and bars carrying
the spikes or heckles, and covered with wire netting which encloses the substance,
being operated upon, aids the operation of the spikes or heckles, and permits the
escape of the dust and other impurities.
2
My "screen is hung upon an axle or axles so as to revolve diagonally, and
by this contrivance the desired motions are given to the substance being operated
upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELS TO BE APPLIED TO PILL BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OR RE- CEPTACLES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Solomon Bennett, of Harrogate Road, South Hackney,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELS
TO BE APPLIED TO PILL BOXES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OR RE-
CEPTACLES."
Sealed the 23rd March 1877, and dated the 2nd January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Solomon Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd January 1877.
SOLOMON BENNETT, of Harrogate Road, South Hackney, in the County of Mid-
dlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELS TO BE APPLIED TO PILL BOXES AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES OR RECEPTACLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in labels to be applied to pill
boxes and other similar articles or receptacles, whereby the label, in addition to being
applied to the cover or lid in the usual manner, is also useful for securing the
cover or lid to the body of the box, or other article or receptacle, thereby dispensing
with the necessity for using a second label around the pill box, or other similar article
or receptacle. For this purpose, instead of as heretofore forming the label merely
to the shape of the lid or cover, I, according to my Invention, form the label with
two or more wings (preferably four) extending from the main or central part
thereof.
In the case of a circular box or receptacle, and supposing the label to be provided
with four, wings, the improved label would preferably assume somewhat the form of
a Maltese cross, and when applied to the box or other similar receptacle, the central
portion of the label would be used for the ordinary purpose, whilst the wings by
being cemented to the sides of the box and lid or cover will secure the two parts
thereof together.

page_text: SOLOMON BENNETT. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FERRO-MANGANESE AND SPEIGEL EISEN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Devonshire Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1877.
JOHN DEVONSHIRE ELLIS, of the Atlas Works, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FERRO-MANGANESE AND
SPEIGEL EISEN."
Whereas it has been found desirable to obtain ferro-manganese and speigel
eisen with the smallest possible amount of carbon contained therein,―
Now, my Invention has for its object the following treatment of ferro-man-
ganese and speigel eisen in order to remove the carbon therefrom as completely
as possible:
:-
The metal manufactured in the ordinary way is placed in a furnace, either
loose or in a box, and surrounded with oxide of iron, either in the form of red
ore or in other convenient form. The furnace is then heated and kept at a red
heat for a sufficient length of time to remove the carbon, or the greater part of
it, from the ferro-manganese and speigel eisen so treated.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED BROOCH AND CHATELAINE OR DEVICE FOR CARRYING MATERIALS USED IN KNITTING AND OTHER SIMILAR WORK
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chisholm at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1877.
JAMES CHISHOLM, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain.
"AN IMPROVED COMBINED BROOCH AND CHATELAINE OR DEVICE FOR CARRYING
MATERIALS USED IN KNITTING AND OTHER SIMILAR WORK."
My Invention relates to a chatelaine for carrying wool and other materials used
in knitting, crocheting, and other fancy work, and which may also be worn as a
brooch when not required for the above-mentioned purpose.
The chatelaine consists of a brooch of any suitable ornamental design provided
with arms jointed or hinged to the front of the brooch and at opposite sides or ends
thereof. These arms are capable of being moved to a position at right angles to
the front of the brooch, or of being turned down flush with the front of the brooch,
in which position they form part of the ornamental design of the brooch.
When used as a chatelaine to carry a ball of Berlin wool, for instance, the arms
stand out perpendicular from the brooch, and parallel with one another, and are
kept in position by a pin sprung into holes or bearings in the ends of the arms,
which pin serves as a spindle for the ball of wool which is carried between the arms,
and is free to turn to unwind the wool in working.
When worn as a brooch the pin is fitted in sockets or staples provided for the
purpose at the back of the brooch, and it may be used to lock the arms in the closed
position by passing through staples thereon.
When used as a brooch or chatelaine it is secured to the dress by a brooch pin of
the ordinary kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO THE HULLS OF SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES FOR EXAMINATION, FOR CLEANSING, OR FOR REPAIRING PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gregory Wade at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1877.
"
CHARLES GREGORY WADE, of Whaberly Hall, Coventry, in the County of War-
wick, Esquire. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO THE HULLS
OF SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED STRUCTURES FOR EXAMINATION, FOR CLEANSING,
OR FOR REPAIRING PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus to be attached to the hulls
of ships and other submerged structures for examination, for cleansing, or for
repairing purposes, and consists mainly in constructing sectional frames of water-
proof material (elastic or not), and of metal, or wood, hinged or articulated, that
one piece or portion may be folded upon another to occupy little space when not in
usc, said sections having expansible surfaces upon the edges, which can be brought
into close contact by toggle joints or double screw bars to make water-tight seams
between the several sections, according to the number of sections used for the
purpose, and for the required depth.
The framework of each section is of skeleton form, and any number of them can
be strung upon guy ropes or chains rove through eyes fitted for the purpose, which
compel the sections to follow the contour of the vessel or structure, to which they
can be affixed on being hauled tight. By this means a portion of a ship's hull
under water can be isolated, and, so to speak, enclosed within the width of the
sections, so that on the water being pumped out a chamber is formed, down which
men can go to cleanse or repair the vessel while riding in a tideway or at anchor in
a harbour.
The Invention also facilitates the application of a preserving composition being
brushed or painted on to the hull of a vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lurtroff Müller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1877. A communication by
Mathias Heinrich Thofehirn, of Hannover, in the Empire of Germany.
HENRY LEERHOFF MÜLLER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY AND OTHER LAMPS." A communication by Mathias
Heinrich Thofehrn, of Hannover, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention has for its object the construction of railway and other lamps
suitable for the use of petroleum and other oils, and effecting this in such a way as
to enable the oil lamps now in use to be adapted to burn petroleum.
A reservoir is constructed round the upper part of the body of the lamp in the
same position as upon the ordinary oil lamp. When the petroleum is placed into
this reservoir it will flow through a valve down a tube or supply pipe into a second
smaller reservoir at the bottom of the lamp, in which reservoir the wick is placed.
The upper or first-named reservoir is hermetically closed by providing the feeding
aperture with a screw cap, so that the petroleum will cease to flow from the upper
to the lower reservoir so soon as it has risen in the lower reservoir high enough to
close the lower end or mouth of the feeding pipe, and only so fast as the burning
wick consumes the petroleum will it be replaced by a fresh supply from the
upper reservoir.
Air to feed the flame is not admitted in the ordinary way, but has to pass up
through the open bottom of a case which surrounds the wick tube, and which is
placed with its bottom edge slightly sunk below the edge of a dish formed at the
top of the smaller or lower reservoir before named. By this arrangement the lamp
is at once extinguished if there be any leakage at the screw cap in the upper
reservoir in the valve or in the supply pipe, for such leakage would cause the
petroleum to flow and fill the lower reservoir, and from thence to rise through an.
opening in the top thereof into the dish above until it closed up the bottom of the
case surrounding the wick tube, and thus stopped the passage of the air required for
the flame. This way of admitting the air at the bottom, and causing it to pass up

page_text: the whole length of the wick pipe before it reaches the flame prevents the wick pipe
from becoming over heated.
In order to prevent the heat created by the flame from heating the supply pipe so
as to cause petroleum vapors a shield or protector is placed between the supply
pipe and the flame.
Before filling the reservoir a small piston is screwed down to close the upper end
of the supply pipe, and when the lamp is required for use the piston is unscrewed,
and the petroleum allowed to flow.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING FUEL TO FURNACES, GAS PRODUCERS, AND OTHER COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Smith, junior, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County
of Lancaster, and William Dowker, of the same Place, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING FUEL TO FURNACES,
GAS PRODUCERS, AND OTHER COMBUSTION CHAMBERS."
Sealed the 21st August 1877, and dated the 24th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Smith and William
Dowker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February
1877.
JOSIAH SMITH, junior, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster, and
WILLIAM DOWKER, of the same Place, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR FEEDING FUEL TO FURNACES, GAS PRODUCERS, AND OTHER COMBUSTION
CHAMBERS."
Our Invention consists in improvements in that kind of apparatus for feeding
fuel, wherein a piston or plunger is made to reciprocate under the mouth of a fuel
hopper, allowing at its back stroke a charge of fuel to fall from the hopper in front
of the plunger, and by its forward stroke propelling the charge towards the com-
bustion chamber. In such apparatus, as it is usually constructed, the plunger works
in a tube which after some time of working becomes charged with fuel in front of
the plunger, and if the plunger be then allowed to remain for some time at rest this
fuel is apt to become caked, and so obstruct the working of the plunger afterwards
that the apparatus is injured or broken. Moreover, at each back stroke of the
plunger hot gases from the combustion chamber are apt to find their way by the
tube to the hopper, and to cake the fuel therein, so that it does not fall in proper
charges in front of the plunger. In order to remedy these defects we extend the
plunger forward so as to occupy part of the tube, which then serves as a guide, but
not as a fuel shoot. We provide a hole through the plunger, and a hole through
the bottom of the tube. At the back stroke of the plunger, its hole being brought
under the mouth of the hopper, fuel falls into it, charging the cavity of the plunger,
and at the forward stroke, the hole of the plunger being brought over that in the
tube, the charge of fuel falls through the latter into the combustion chamber or a

page_text: shoot leading into it. The plunger thus constructed operates a slide valve, cutting
off communication between the combustion chamber and the hopper, and so pre-
venting the passage of hot gases from the one to the other.

page_text: feeding apparatus with a hole through it to form a feed cavity, the plunger being
extended beyond the said hole, substantially as and for the purposes herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Josiah Smith, junior, and William Dowker,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPLIANCES FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER LIKE USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles John Guy, Frederick Spencer
Guy, and William Henry Dale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 24th February 1877.
CHARLES JOHN GUY and FREDERICK SPENCER GUY, both of South Street,
Finsbury Market, in the County of Middlesex, Cabinet Manufacturers, and WILLIAM
HENRY DALE, of Euston Road, in the said County, Gentleman. "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPLIANCES FOR ADVERTISING AND OTHER LIKE USEFUL PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to utilize folding screens used for excluding drafts'
from apartments for purposes of advertising, or for exhibiting photographs, cab fares,
notices of theatres, &c., an article hitherto unemployed therefor.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, we divide any or all of the
wings, flaps, or sides longitudinally in two or more portions, and hinge them
together so as to admit of their being opened and closed at pleasure. These wings
so divided contain on their inside surfaces or faces spaces for holding or presenting
advertisements or other notices, such spaces being preferably on their upper part.
On their lower part we provide racks, pockets, or other receptacles for holding news-
papers, books, or other articles.
When the wings are not required for purposes of displaying the advertisements
or other notices, they may be fastened to each other by any suitable means, as
for example, by a hook and eye, and the door screen then becomes an ordinary
folding screen.
The screen may be of wood or metal, and the backs or outermost parts of the
wings ornamented by paintings, or they may be varnished or papered, or covered
with cretonne, leather, or other suitable material.
In another arrangement the frames or stiles of the wings, flaps, or sides, may be
grooved, and a slit provided so as to admit the panels or portions bearing the
advertisements or other notices, and the pockets being slidden in or out, so as to be
easily removed when desired to admit a fresh series of advertisements.
Any of the wings, sides, or flaps, may be folded against the next or following one,

page_text: and kept secured thereto by fastening contrivances; or the whole of them may be
folded and fastened together, so as to afford facility in transport.
Advertising folding screens constructed according to our Invention, besides being
exceedingly useful in hotels, club houses, theatres, warehouses, and public buildings,
offer a new medium for advertising purposes.
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Micajah Townsend at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1877.
FRANCIS MICAJAH TOWNSEND, of Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America,
Cotton Exporter, at present of No. 4, Clayton Square, Liverpool. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
The object of the first part of this Invention is to cheapen and simplify double-
cylinder engines; for this purpose the two cylinders are cast together, side by side,
with such a thickness of metal between them as will allow of holes being bored to
receive piston valves. In this manner the cylinders, valve chests, ports, and
cylinder bottoms are all cast in one piece, and can be finished by the use of turning
and boring tools only.
The object of the second part is also to cheapen and simplify double-cylinder
engines when the two cylinders are parallel or nearly so.
For this purpose I
operate the valves controlling the admission and emission of steam or elastic fluid
to and from such cylinders through rocking levers actuated by a single eccentric.
I obtain a reversal of motion of the engine by means of a sliding sleeve
controlling the position of the eccentric, which is fitted loosely on the crank or
intermediate shaft.
The object of the third part is to provide means for governing or regulating the
speed of motive-power engines, and consists in employing three or more pumps,
preferably four, operated from any desired moving part of the engine, to maintain a
constant stream of liquid past a piston or like appliance. The quantity of liquid
flowing past the piston is regulated by a waste cock or its equivalent.
It will be obvious that, as the quantity of liquid which can pass away by the
waste-cock is constant, any variation in the speed of the pumps will act so as to
give motion to the piston or its equivalent, which is connected to the slide valve,
throttle valve, or other desired device for regulating the supply of fluid to the
engine.
If desired, the amount of water allowed to pass the waste-cock or its equivalent
may be varied by the action of a centrifugal governor or like appliance.
ROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING AND SEPARATING METALLIC ORES, MINERALS, AND METALS FROM OTHER MATTERS OR IMPURITIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Hill Maurice at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1877.
ARTHUR HILL MAURICE, of 19, Terrace Road, Aberystwith, in the County of
Cardigan, South Wales, Mining Engineer. "IN ROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CLEANSING AND SEPARATING METALLIC ORES, MINERALS, AND METALS FROM OTHER
MATTERS OR IMPURITIES."
This improved machinery has for its object the cleaning and separating of
metallic ores, minerals, and metals from any associated or intermixed impurities. It
consists of a cylindrical or conical-shaped tub or barrel, inside which a vertical
spindle is made to revolve. Attached to the spindle at intervals from the bottom
to the top are arins or vanes fixed radially and horizontally, extending to the side
of the tub and set at an angle of 45°, or any other convenient angle to the perpen-
dicular. A mixture of ore or other materials to be cleansed or separated, and a
sufficient quantity of water, is introduced into the tub, and the spindle and vanes
being inade to rotate, the ore or other material is forced to mount from the lower
part of each vane to the top edge, on reaching which it falls again behind the vane
to its former level. In thus falling in water the particles of ores, minerals, and
metals having a higher specific gravity than the associated impurities fall most
rapidly, and by the continued action of the machine are worked down to the
bottom of the tub; all the substances so arrange themselves in the order of their
specific gravity, the heaviest being at the bottom and the lightest at the top of the
tub. The whole of the charge in tho tub is acted upon by the vanes at the same
time; and when the operation is complete, the impure and lighter matters are removed
through suitable valves, and the heavier ores in the same manner.
In gold-producing ores the finest particles of metal will be separated by the
action of the machine, and the gold be brought into continual contact with mercury
placed at the bottom of the tub, the resulting amalgam being removed through
valves, and the overlying impurities being first drawn off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SINKING OF SHAFTS AND WELLS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Barker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1877.
$5
RICHARD BARKER, of Nallyappa, Birkdale, in the County of Lancaster, Mining
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SINKING OF SHAFTS AND WELLS, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR."
This Invention chiefly relates to a rock borer on the percussive plan, combined
with an apparatus for continuously elevating the detritus. It consists, first, in a
central tube shod with steel, or diamonds, or bort, and perforated at the bottom.
In this is an ordinary mining pump for extracting the sludge. Round this pipe I
place two sliding cross pieces, or other suitable sliding framework for holding the
tools, which I prefer to fix in the form of a cross, two rows crossing each other at
the centre at right angles. I do not however bind myself to two rows, but in very
large wells might use three or four, or two main rows and other shorter subsidiary
radial rows of tools between the main ones.
The tools are so arranged that those in one row cut the rock left by those in the
other. They are also arranged to be longer in the centre than near the sides of the
well, so that they form a concave hole at the bottom somewhat similar to the hole
formed by an ordinary drill in the drilling machines used by mechanical engineers.
The object of this arrangement is to let all the sludge slide down by its own
gravity to the centre, where it can be removed by the pump. The outermost tools
can point outward, and may be shaped like a lathe boring tool or rose bit; similarly,
those nearest the tube point inward; the tools can however be endlessly varied in
shape, and one plan which I prefer for some purposes is to have every alternate tool
a rose-bit.
The whole frame slides on the central tube, and is suspended by rods, cylinders,
chains, or otherwise from a disc on the bank. Bearing against the lower surface of
this disc are one or more cams on a revolving shaft or shafts, preferably radial to
the centre of the tube. These cams, in revolving, continually raise the frame and
let it fall again, while at the same time the friction of the cams make the disc,
and consequently the framing tools, revolve.
To increase the friction the cams and disc may be toothed or roughened like a

page_text: rasp, if desirable. To prevent fracture of the disc I protect its lower surface with a
pad of india-rubber.
Sometimes I vary this arrangement by placing one or more leathers on the tube,
or making the tube angular. The disc then rotates the tube, and the tube in its
turn rotates the frame, the chains giving the frame its vertical motion only.
The cross bars of the frame can be kept apart by proper distance collars shrunk
into the tools.
A NOVEL CHEMICAL PROCESS, THE MAIN OBJECT OF WHICH IS THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW BLACKING, AND THE RESIDUUM OF WHICH MAY BE USED AS COLORING MATTER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1877.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NOVEL CHEMICAL PROCESS, THE MAIN OBJECT OF
WHICH IS THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW BLACKING, AND THE RESIDUUM OF
WHICH MAY BE USED AS COLORING MATTER, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES." A com-
munication from abroad by Hector Pacaud, of Lyons, France, Manufacturer.
This Invention consists in treating the leaves, or any other parts of the tree
known as the "lentisc," or mastic tree "lentiscus," by decoction, by distillation, or
by the use of various reactives to obtain,―
1°. A tinctorial matter capable of giving various colours, according to the reactive
employed.
2°. Resins which will give varnishes more or less durable according to the
mixtures made with other matters.
3°. Tannic acid.
4°. Essential oils. .
5°. A blacking having particular properties; thus it dries almost immediately
after its application, and thenceforth will not dirty clothing; it also shines without
requiring to be brushed.
Blacking is particularly mentioned, as the application of the "lentiscus" will be
more productive in this branch of manufacture, but the other applications have
their merit.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SCREWS AND SCREWDRIVERS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leopold Levy, of 31, Sussex Street, Tottenham Court Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Artist, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
SCREWS AND SCREWDRIVERS."
Sealed the 27th October 1877, and dated the 30th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leopold Levy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1877.
LEOPOLD LEVY, of 31, Sussex Street, Tottenham Court Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SCREWS AND SCREWDRIVERS."
The object and effect of the Invention are to dispense with the necessity for
employing pressure upon the head of the screw, whether in driving or extracting.
The employment of such pressure is obviously only required to keep the screwdriver
in the groove or slot of the screw while turning the driver either way. I do away
with the necessity for any pressure by a modification of the groove or slot of the
screw, and of the edge of the driver. I make the groove widen sharply as it enters
the head of the screw, thus forming an acute angled trilateral cutting. I slightly
turn the edge of the screwdriver, so that when it is inserted sideways into the
groove, it has no tendency to come out when held straight. Thus the driver can be
turned with the greatest ease. A cross handle can be substituted for the ordinary
straight handle. Screws can thus be driven or extracted in positions, and under
circumstances where pressure (as now required) is inconvenient or impossible.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Leopold Levy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th October
1877.
LEOPOLD LEVY, of 31, Sussex Street, Tottenham Court Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist. "IMPROVEMENT IN SCREWS AND SCREWDRIVERS,"

page_text: The object and effect of the Invention are to dispense with the necessity for
employing pressure upon the head of the screw, whether in driving or extracting.
The employment of such pressure is obviously only required to keep the screw-
driver in the groove or slot of the screw while turning the driver either way.
I do away with the necessity for any pressure by a modification of the groove
or slot of the screw and of the edge of the driver. I make the groove widen
sharply as it enters the head of the screw, thus forming an acute angled trilateral
cutting. I slightly turn the edge of the screwdriver, so that when it is inserted
sideways into the groove it has no tendency to come out when held straight. Thus
the driver can be turned with the greatest ease. A cross handle can be substituted
for the ordinary straight handle. Screws can thus be driven or extracted in positions
and under circumstances where pressure (as now required) is inconvenient or
impossible.
The annexed Drawings shew (A) the screw with the groove or slot according to
my system, and (B) the screwdriver with slightly turned edge.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leopold Levy, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twelfth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
seven.
LEOPOLD LEVY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Julius Twietmeyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1877. A
communication from abroad by Mr. A. Twietmeyer, of Leipzig, in Germany.
CHARLES JULIUS TWIETMEYER, 3, Botolph Lane, London, E.C. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLAYING CARDS." [A communication from abroad by
Mr. A. Twietmeyer, of Leipzig, in Germany.]
The cards are oval, and of about the size of the ordinary playing cards, the size,
however, differing according to the wishes and taste of the public, etc.
"
The "hearts are printed red, the "spades" green, the "diamonds" yellow, and
"clubs" black.
The value of the plain cards (2 to 10) is not only indicated by as many stamps
as the value requires, but is also marked on each stamp in a colour different from
the colour of the stamp itself. For instance, the "eight of hearts" is red, and in
the middle of the hearts the number eight is marked in another colour, say blue,
green, or yellow.
The "tens," jacks, queens, kings, and aces will have different borderings, each
bordering showing distinctly the colours, and in some way also the value of the
cards. The bordering of the "tens" will be a coloured line; the bordering of the
"jacks of hearts," for instance, will consist of series of hearts with the points of
the hearts inside; the bordering of the "queens of hearts," for instance, will consist
of series of hearts with the points of the hearts outside; the bordering of the kings
will be a series of crowns; and the bordering of the aces will be a fancy one. On
the jacks, queens, kings, and aces the value will be marked in coloured letters in
the upper left corner and the lower right corner.
Advantages of these cards:-They are much more handy, by far more easy to be
shuffled, and to be arranged (according to value and colour), to be dealt, and to be
held; they are a good deal more distinct (one can see at a glance the value of the
cards, and may hold them quite close together). They can be used for a longer
time, having no corners which could be bent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Julius Sachs, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND LIKE MATERIALS."
Sealed the 28th February 1878, and dated the 9th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Julius Sachs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th November 1877.
JOSEPH JULIUS SACHS, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND LIKE MATERIALS."
In the manufacture of paper I employ animal excrements and waste materials
containing fibre, such, for example, as horse dung, cow dung, sawdust, potatoes,
beetroots, turnips, and similar roots, the refuse from sugar manufactories, and from
distilleries and breweries, and like matters. Such matters are reduced to pulp and
for some purposes are mixed with a proportion of fibrous material, such as ordinarily
used in the manufacture of paper, the proportions varying according to the quality
of paper that is required.
Good results are obtained by using a mixture of raw potatoes or roots, of cooked,
boiled, or stewed potatoes or roots, and of fibrous matter derived from the substances
herein indicated, or from ordinary sources, the proportions varying according to the
desired quality of paper.
I sometimes add a small quantity of sulphuric, phosphoric, or other suitable acid
to the roots during or previous to the boiling or cooking process.
Animal dung, grains, distillery waste, and other similar matters are washed until
the soluble matters are removed. This may be effected by any ordinary or suitable
means, or in the following manner-
-The matters are placed in a chamber, or
receptacle, or vessel, through which water can flow, the water entering and leaving

page_text: through strainers which retain the fibrous matters. The said chamber, or receptacle,
or vessel may in some cases be moved in a running stream, or be propelled or moved
in water.
The fibrous matters, obtained as herein indicated, may be scoured, bleached, and
treated in the ordinary or in a suitable manner. I prefer to boil the said matters 5
in a liquor containing caustic soda or lye, and soap or ammonia, or both soap and
ammonia. When so treated, the colouring matters are discharged with less damage
to the fibre, the fibres are more readily separated, and there is a saving in the
chemicals used in the bleaching process.
Materials ordinarily used in the manufacture of paper may also be subjected to 1
the same treatment.
The fibrous materials obtained, as herein aforesaid, may be beaten in the engines
and made into paper, thick paper, or millboard, pasteboard, or materials of a like
nature by ordinary or suitable means.