matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Pitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1879. A communication
from abroad by the International Railway Supply Company, Limited, a body
corporate under Charter of the Dominion of Canada, and having its head-
quarters in the City of Montreal, in the Province of Quebec, Canada.
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
BRAKES." [A communication from abroad by the International Railway Supply
Company, Limited, a body corporate under Charter of the Dominion of Canada,
and having its head-quarters in the City of Montreal, in the Province of Quebec,
Canada.]
The Invention has reference to that class of brakes which are operated by one
person, and act simultaneously upon the wheels of all the cars, and may be thus
described :-
Under each car it is proposed to place a drum or drums arranged to rotate, their
spindles being set either vertically or horizontally and carried in suitable hangers.
Round this drum, on part of which a spiral thread may be cut for the purpose,
passes any desired number of times a chain, wire rope, or cable, this being taken
through proper hangers to the ends of the car in either direction, preferably under
the draw bar, and is of such length as to project sufficiently beyond the ends of the
car to be coupled to similar ropes or cables arranged under the adjoining cars, so as
to form of such sections one continuous rope or cable the whole length of the train,
its forward end being coupled to a similar section carried under the tender, the
other end of which is secured to a shaft and arranged to be wound up thereon by
its rotation.
To each of the drums above mentioned are attached the ends of chains connected
with the brake levers, so that when, by any operating mechanism, placed preferably
under the control of the driver, the shaft is rotated, the rope wound upon such
shaft draws at once on the several drums, causing them to revolve simultaneously
and thereby winding up on them the brake chains, and through the usual
mechanism of levers, &c., bringing the brake shoes in contact with the wheels.
By turning the shaft in the opposite direction the rope is unwound from it and
the brakes released, but to ensure the rotation of the drums in the reverse direction
so as to cause them to re-assume their normal positions and take up the slack, if
any, of the continuous rope, each drum is provided with a counter balance weight
or equivalent device for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HASSOCKS AND KNEELERS FOR THE PURpose of ProteCTING HATS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Egerton Charles Baring Lawford, of 30, King Street,
Cheapside, London, E.C., Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HASSOCKS AND KNEELERS FOR THE PURpose of ProteCTING HATS."
Sealed the 7th November 1879, and dated the 28th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Egerton Charles Baring
Lawford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1879.
EGERTON CHARLES BARING LAWFORD, of 30, King Street, Cheapside, London,
E.C., Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HASSOCKS AND KNEELERS FOR THE PURPOSE
OF PROTECTING HATS."
This Invention has for its objects the protection of hats from damage in churches
and chapels. For this purpose I make the lid or top of the hassock or kneeler to
be hinged to the frame at the further side or back of the said hassock or kneeler in
such a manner that it may be readily lifted from the front.
Within the hassock
or kneeler near the top I fix two or more bars either transversly or longitudinally
across or along the frame, sufficiently far apart to enable the crown and body of the
hat to pass between them, but yet close enough together to catch the brim of the
bat and thereby hold it in suspension; or the inside of the hassock or kneeler may
be fitted with a thin piece of wood or other suitable material having a circular hole
cut therein large enough to allow the crown and body of the hat to pass through, but
small enough to catch the brim of the hat whereby it will be held in suspension.
I do not claim the principle of suspending hats by the brim, but I do claim the
contrivance as applied to hassocks and kneelers to be new and of great public
utility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SPOONS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF METAL COMPOSITIONS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hermann Krupp, of Vienna, Austria, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING SPOONS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE
OF METAL COMPOSITIONS."
Sealed the 19th August 1879, and dated the 8th April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hermann Krupp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1879.
HERMANN KRUPP, of Vienna, Austria. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING
SPOONS AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF METAL COMPOSITIONS."
Spoons, forks, and other similar articles made of metal compositions are now
made in this manner that the steel core is first placed in the two parted metal
mould or flask, the inside of which is engraved as required. The mould is then
closed, and the metal composition consisting of tin, copper, antimony, and zinc is
then poured into the flask." When cool the mould is opened, and the cast article
reinoved therefrom.
In order to give such articles an ornamentation by means of some foreign body
or bodies, I form one or more engraved recesses in the interior of the mould wherever
desired, and I fit accurately into such or recesses the body or bodies intended to be
used for ornamentation. The form of these bodies must be such that their base is
broader than their projecting part. The bodies may be of any suitable material or
form or colour, but as examples I name costly stones, pearls, glass, or glassy bodies,
enamel, lava, china, Wedgewood, alabaster, or imitation of such materials, also
stamped, pressed, or galvanically produced pieces of metal. After inserting same in
place the casting is proceeded with as usual.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND BUTTONS.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Winters at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1879.
WILLIAM WINTERS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SOLITAIRES, STUDS, AND BUTTONS.'
This Invention refers to improvements in securing solitaires, studs, and buttons,
and in readily attaching them to and detaching them from the articles upon which
they are to be used. I attach to the back of the front plate a short tube in which
I insert (if necessary) a short coiled spring upon which at the farthest end from the
front plate is a small cap piece; a cross bar is attached to this tube above the cap
by a rivet passing through the tube and the cross bar, and this cross bar is slotted
through its entire length forming a flat loop, and is furnished with a stop at or
near the centre of its length. About the centre of this fint loop the slot is slightly
enlarged beyond the width of the slot to allow the rivet on the tube to snap into
the enlarged part when the bar is crossed, the action of the coiled spring in the
tube assisting this action though the spring is not absolutely necessary; the effect
is this, when not secured the slotted bar or flat loop hangs from the rivet in a direct
line and can then be passed through an eyelet hole, when the cross bar being turned
at right angles with the tubular shank and moved towards the centre of the bar,
the rivet snaps into the enlarged space at the centre of the bar, and prevents the
latter escaping until released by the finger, when it can again be brought into line
with the shank, and withdrawn through the eyelet holes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1879.
ANDREW BARCLAY, of Glasgow, in the Counties of Lanark and Renfrew, and of
Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE JOINTS OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS."
This Invention has for its object to produce a firmer joint of the rails of railways
and tramways than at present, and such that whilst being less liable to become
loose also maintains the surfaces of the adjoining rails in continuous line with one
another, so that the jolting of the carriages of a train or tram-cars when passing
over the joints is reduced to a minimum. The foregoing object is effected by
forming the joint of the rails of a pair of plates constructed as hereinafter described.
Those portions of the plates which bear upon the rail are formed with a slightly
curved upper flanch which bears against the web of the rail. The central part of
the plates has a groove formed therein to correspond partly with the lower table of
the rail, portions of which, when the joint is made, bear therein, and when two such
plates are placed on the rails there is a space left between the two portions of the
plates which project below the rails. Bolt-holes are formed in the curved upper
flanch of the plates which correspond with the bolt-holes in the rails. Other bolt-
holes are formed in the lower flanches of the plates which project below the rails,
the bolts passing through which when tightened press the lower tables of the rails
into the grooves and thereby prevent lateral or other movement of the rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COILED BARRELS AND TUBES FOR ORDNANCE AND OTHER FIRE ARMS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palliser at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1879.
WILLIAM PALLISER, of Earl's Court Square, South Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, Knight. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COILED BARRELS AND TUBES FOR
ORDNANCE AND OTHER FIRE ARMS."
My Invention relates to means of increasing the strength and tenacity of coiled
barrels or tubes applicable for the construction or lining of heavy guns or for other
fire arms,
and of preventing the formation of circumferential openings, such as often
result from imperfections in the welding together of their successive convolutions.
The bars employed for coiling being usually of approximately rectangular section,
the jointings of the convolutions pass right through the body of the tube, so that if
there be an imperfect weld at the inner periphery, the powder gas can enter the
joint and open it more and more till. the tube becomes separated. Even when the
welds are sound the pressures on the successive convolutions in the powder chamber
tend to move them laterally in relation to one another, thus giving rise there to
objectionable coil marks. To prevent these results I employ bars of such section
that when they are coiled their successive convolutions overlap and interlock with
each other, so that there is no straight joint through the body of the tube, and that
one convolution cannot be forced apart 'from another without fracture or great
distortion of the material. The bar which I employ for this purpose has a section
somewhat resembling the letter Z, that is to say, it consists of a middle body with
a front and back projecting rib, each of these ribs having its edge inclined, bulged,
or projected inwards, so that when one convolution is coiled on another the front rib
of the second overlies the back rib of the previous convolution, and the projecting
lip of the one is engaged behind that of the other, thus effecting an interlocking as
well as an overlapping of the successive convolutions.
Although I have described a simple form of bar applicable for the purpose of my
Invention, it is to be understood that instead of a single rib with its projecting
lip there may be several such ribs arranged like steps at each side of the middle
body of the bar, so that each of these ribs at the front of the one convolution
overlaps and interlocks with a corresponding rib at the back of the other.

page_text: According to a modified construction the tube or barrel may be made of double
thickness, each thickness consisting of a coiled bar of a trough shaped section, or
having a middle body with a rib projecting at each edge. The bar of the outer
thickness being coiled in an inverted attitude over the coils constituting the inner
thickness so as to break joint, the projecting ribs of the one enter the intermediate a
hollows of the other, and thus the convolutions of the one thickness are made to
overlap and also to interlock with those of the other.
IN GLOBES OR SHADES FOR LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Basil Gent Holmes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1879.
BASIL GENT HOLMES, of Leytonstone, in the County of Essex.
$
IN GLOBES OR SHADES FOR LAMPS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
The main object of my Invention is the better utilization of gas light, electric
light, and other light by the use of a more efficient construction of "globes" all as
hereinafter described. Opal glass has heretofore been found most suitable for the
upper or reflector part or shade of a lamp, but with this material a considerable
portion of light is not reflected but absorbed and passed through. According to
my Invention I use glass, transparent or more or less frosted or ornamented, or tinted,
for the lower part of the lamp globe, and I use white glazed earthenware for the
upper or reflector part of the lamp globe or shade, and I combine or apply these
two portious in a permanent or detachable manner, which however to a great extent
depends upon the object for which it is intended to be used and the form of the
globe, which as is well known is not always globular but often of an elongated oval
or double taper form.
For indoor and general uses I make the earthenware part in one piece and the
glass part in one piece; and for combining them I fit one in or on or over the other
by groove or other joint, or by metallic rim with groove or other joint; when the
joint is to be permanent I may use a cement joint or metallic rim or ring with a
thin clip or bent over part or parts.
For street lamps of ordinary panel construction I insert white glazed earthenware
pieces in the spaces for the upper panels and glass in the spaces for the lower panels.
In order to prevent the upper panels from breaking by sudden attractions in tem-
perature (say, by the fall of snow), the earthenware panels may be protected by an
outer zinc envelope.
The smoke consumer on the top of the globe may be of any known form and
construction, or it may be made of slightly annealed earthenware and fitted with a
knob of wood or other non-conductor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF RELEASING LINKS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James George Willett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1879.
JAMES GEORGE WILLETT, of Arthur Street East, London Bridge, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF RELEASING LINKS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
VARIOUS PURPOSES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in self releasing links to be
employed for various purposes, so as to enable the said link to be automatically
released on a given weight or strain being exerted thereon.
For this purpose I form a link with spring sides, capable of being somewhat
compressed towards each other on a given pressure being applied thereto, and in
connection with such link I employ a clip to embrace the compressible sides thereof
and hold the said link securely until a given weight or strain is put on the parts;
then the ends of the clip by acting on the spring sides of the link will force them
towards each other until the link slips through the clip, and the parts become
thereby disengaged.
The clip is formed with an opening in the side thereof to enable the link and clip
to be readily connected and disconnected by hand.
The spring sided link and the clip are each provided with a loop or eye, by which
they may be connected with links or with other articles.
The spring sides of the link and the clip are proportioned to the strain or weight
they are required to bear.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GRAIN BINDERS FOR HARVESTERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1879. A communication
from abroad by Francis Randall, of the State of Michigan, United States of
America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GRAIN BINDERS FOR HARVESTERS." A communication from abroad by
Francis Randall, of the State of Michigan, United States of America.
The Invention relates to a machine for automatically binding into bundles with
twine the cut grain as it is received from the grain carrier of a harvesting machine,
said binding machine being attached to the frame of the harvesting machine beneath
the upper end of the grain carrier, and in such a manner that by means of a lever
it may obtain a lateral motion in order to bind long or short grain at the desired
part. The machine consists essentially of a clipper for holding the end of the
binding twine and cutting the same when the bundle is to be bound, a knot-tier of
peculiar shape for forming the knot, a jointed arm for gathering the bundle, a com-
pressor for compressing the same, gearing for transmitting the motion, and brackets
or frames for supporting the operating parts, viz., a front frane, a rear frame, and
an intermediate frame, connected by the main driving shaft and stays or tie-rods.
The front and the rear frame support the ends of the grain binding table, and the
main shaft carries at its rear end a cog wheel or chain wheel, driven from the
harvesting machine by means of suitable intermediate gearing, and provided with
a guide or track way for operating a swing rod which moves a chisel-shaped knife
in the jaw of the clipper. The compressor is situated before the intermediate frame,
and consists of a cam wheel or disc attached to the main driving shaft, and operating
an elbow-lever provided at its end with a compressing spring. To the front end of
the driving shaft is keyed a crank, which by means of a slotted connecting rod
moves a lever attached to the front end of a rocking shaft extending to the centre
of the machine, where it carries the said jointed gathering arm provided with
friction roller, working on a guide or cam track for lifting up the point of said
gathering arm over the loose grain when moving backward. To the rear frame is

page_text: pivotted a toothed segment gearing into a pinion keyed to a shaft running to the
centre of the machine, where it carries the knot-tier. The clipper is likewise
situated near the intermediate frame on the centre of the machine, and provided
with a V shaped jaw for holding the binding twine while the said chisel-shaped
knife operated by a spring cuts the band, releases the bundle, and at the same time 5
retains the end of the twine.
IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPLIANCES FOR PRODUCING COPIES OF LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astor Kissam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1879. A communication from
abroad by Julius Ungerer, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
"AN
ASTOR KISSAM, of Gibson Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman.
IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPLIANCES FOR PRODUCING COPIES OF LETTERS AND
OTHER DOCUMENTS." [A communication from abroad by Julius Ungerer, of Vienna,
in the Empire of Austria.]
The object of this Invention is to simplify and expedite the process of producing
copies of manuscripts, drawings, and other documents in aniline ink upon ordinary
writing paper. To this end a transfer slab is provided of a peculiar composition
for receiving the transfer of the manuscript or other document, and giving off copies
of the same on the application of the paper to the slab, the same being simply
smoothed down by hand pressure.
The slab which is to receive the transfer has for its base a material known as
Leipsic printers' roller composition. This material is made in two qualities, hard
and soft, and it consists of an admixture of gelatine and glycerine. These compo-
sitions in their two qualities are combined to produce the required elasticity; and
further to ensure this an additional amount of glycerine may be added while the
composition is in a liquid state, it being dissolved and kept liquid by means of a
hot water bath. Zinc white in fine powder is now to be added gradually to the
composition to give it opacity, and when thoroughly mixed alcohol is added to
increase the attraction of the composition for the ink. A small proportion of
mirbani oil (nitro-benzol) must also be added. The solution is then to be poured
into moulds to form slabs of the required size and allowed to cool.
The proportions of the above materials which have been found to answer well
are as follows:-
:-
Leipsic printers' roller composition (hard), 145 grammes
Leipsic printers' roller composition (soft), 380
Glycerine
Zinc white
Spirit (alcohol)
"
-
250
"
30.5
"
»
2
20

page_text: hereinafter set forth, and the letter is then applied face downwards to the elastic
slab, and pressed upon it by a ligl t rubbing of the hand over the back of the letter.
This being done the letter is removed and the slab is then ready to give off copies
of the letter. For this purpose dry sheets of letter paper are provided and applied
one after the other to the slab, which through gentle rubbing of the back of the
paper will instantly yield a clear impression of the writing.
This may be repeated in quick succession, and from seventy to a hundred copies
may be obtained from the one transfer. When the requisite number of copies has
been produced it is only necessary to wash the slab with a wet sponge and it will
then be ready for use as before.
The aniline in a concentrated state is combined with methylated spirit, gum arabic,
and distilled water to form the transfer ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st October 1879. A communication
from abroad by Clément Ader, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
86
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES." A communication from abroad by
Clément Ader, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to the employment in telephones, and especially in the
receiving instruments, of a superexciting plate of soft iron arranged behind the
vibrating metallic diaphragm and at a very short distance from the latter, whereby
the sounds emitted are rendered more intense and more distinct than in receiving
telephones of the ordinary construction.
In carrying out this Invention an annular magnet is employed enclosed in a
metal covering and presenting its two poles at a short distance from a metal disc
or diaphragm; the said poles are covered with coils of wire in the usual manner, one
end of the wires leading to a screw on one side of the instrument whilst the other
end leads to another screw on the opposite side.
Above the metal disc or diaphragm, and at a very short distance from the same,
is situate the lower part of a cone similar to that usually employed in telephones
for the reception or delivery of words or sounds, this cone being provided with an
annular armature of soft iron of sufficient diameter to extend beyond the magnetised
poles on all sides.
In order to obtain the proper distance between the armature and the metal
diaphragm one or more annular filling pieces of metal or other suitable material
are employed, and similar pieces are used in order to adjust the distance between
the diaphragm and the poles of the magnet. The magnet is of such a shape as to
be conveniently held in the hand.
The magnetised poles are enclosed in a circular case provided with a screw thread,
by means of which it is connected with a suitable cover forming part of the conical
mouthpiece. The form of the armature, as also of the other parts, may be varied
according to the construction of the apparatus. The Invention is applicable to
receiving telephones of every description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOTTING PADS AND BLOTTING PAD BOOK DIARIES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Kearns, of Southwark Street, in the County
of Surrey, Manufacturing Stationer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BLOTTING PADS AND BLOTTING PAD BOOK DIARIES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Kearns at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1879.
"
JOHN HENRY KEARNS, of Southwark Street, in the County of Surrey,
Manufacturing Stationer. IMPROVEMENTS IN BLOTTING PADS AND BLOTTING
PAD BOOK DIARIES."
This Invention consists in further improvements in my Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, dated 3rd October 1871, No. 2605, which
improvements are applicable also to the ordinary blotting pad.
The improvements consist in indicating on my blotting pad book diary, or on a
simple blotting pad, the day of the week, and the date of the month, so that
instead of having to open the book of the blotting pad book the day and date are
conspicuously displayed by means of slips on which the date and day are printed,
such slips being placed on the top, or sides, or any other convenient position of the
pad to catch the sight.
To carry out my improvements I fix to any side or suitable position of a diary
blotting pad a block of printed slips to indicate the day of the week and the date
of the month, and in some cases I print the days and dates on the blotting paper
itself.
In the case of an ordinary blotting pad the indicator is placed in any suitable
position, preferably on the left side, in order the more easily to catch the sight.
This indicator may have the name of the month, the day of the week, and the
date combined in one indicator, or merely the day of the month and the first letter
of the day of the week, as circumstances may occasion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BUCKLES OR FASTENINGS FOR SECURING TOGETHER THE ENDS OF BALING AND OTHER HOOPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rylands at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1879.
JOHN RYLANDS, of Thelwall, near Warrington, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BUCKLES OR FASTENINGS FOR SECURING
TOGETHER THE ENDS OF BALING AND OTHER HOOPS."
This Invention consists in placing the two ends of the hoop to be joined through
opposite ends of a socket having one or more enlargements or chamberings in the
interior. The socket at each of these enlargements (there is usually only ono) is
pierced with a holo. Through this hole a pin or wedge is driven, forcing the hoop
iron (or steel) to kiuk aside, and allow the said pin to pass. The pin can be made
to go between the two hoops, or, if desirable, to go to one side of both, the main
point being to drive in the pin in such manner as to force both the pieces of hoop
iron to take a kink or bent position. The form of socket can be greatly varied; it
could even be replaced for some purposes by two eyes or hooks made to roughly fit
the double thickness of the material to be joined, and a junction piece or other
fulcrum between. Between this junction picce or fulcrum and the material the pin
is driven, forcing the material to take a winding course. This plan however is only
a mechanical equivalent or substitute for the socket.
A NEW OR IMPROVED DOUBLE GRIP ANCHOR
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Evelyn Liardet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1879.
JOHN EVELYN LIARDET, of No. 4, Breakspear's Road, Wickham Park, Brockley,
in the County of Kent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED DOUBLE GRIP ANCHOR."
The object of my Invention is to give greater strength of grip, which grip can
never fail of taking effect under any circumstances. It offers also from its con-
struction an easier and a snugger stowage on board ship, and forms a lighter
anchor than is generally used for ships according to their tonnage, and one that can
never fail to take the ground and do its work in an absolutely reliable manner.
My Invention consists in constructing anchors in such manner that the means of
holding or gripping is doubled, that is to say, that not only are the arms provided
with flukes, but that at the upper part or stock flukes are also provided. Those
parts carrying the flukes both at the arms and stock are carried by or secured to
the shank in such manner by a pin joint, that they are free to revolve or move
thereon to a limit, say, for example, of forty five degrees, so that in what manner
soever the anchor takes the ground the flukes enter and take a firm grip, and a
plug is provided to hold the flukes in their firm position, a screw securing the
plug. When the arms or parts carrying the flukes are released from their hold or
grip, that is to say, at all times when not taking the ground, they will assume a
position in a line, or nearly so, with the shank lying alongside of it, so that the
anchor may not only stow snugly but also offer but little resistance in passing
through the water.
Suitable shackles for buoy ropes are provided at head of anchor, with shackle
pin and fore lock for main chain cable to hold the anchor by and moor the ship.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PERMANENT WAYS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1879. [A communication
from Monsieur Jules Flachat, of Resigny, in the Republic of France.]
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PERMANENT WAYS FOR RAILWAYS." [A communication from Monsieur Jules
Flachat, of Resigny, in the Republic of France.]
The object of the Invention communicated to me is the construction or laying
of railways or tramways on ordinary roads, whereby the strain hitherto opposed to
the wheels of the vehicles of the ordinary traffic in crossing the lines is avoided.
For this purpose on the side of the ordinary rail a guard or check rail is provided,
hollowed so as to allow the wheel to easily pass from it. The guard rail may be
fixed to the main rail by means of a bolt, or the two rails may be placed parallel
on the same bearing or support, or they may be formed in one piece of metal.
When the main rail and the guard rail are formed separately they may be united
together at suitable distances apart by means of special tie rods, or by fitting them
into the bearing or support on which they rest by making the bearing of a form
suitable to that of the rail and the guard rail.
IN BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ormord Stephenson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1879.
ORMORD STEPHENSON, of Wakefield, in the County of York.
IN BOTTLES AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My improvements are applicable to bottles and stoppers for the same to be used
for aerated and non-aerated liquors.
The stopper consists of a metal or glass spindle having fixed thereon a disc of
india rubber of such a size as to render it capable of being forced in between two
projecting flanges formed within the neck of the bottle.
The disc is of such a strength as to resist any internal pressure arising from the
liquid. In order to withdraw the liquid the stopper is forced into the interior of
the bottle. When the bottle is required again to be stopped, the stopper is drawn
back again into its position by means of a booked tool, loops or holes being provided
at the upper end of the stopper spindle in order that the stopper may be readily got
hold of and drawn into position by the aforesaid tool. The body of the bottle may
be narrowed at any convenient point for the purpose of preventing the stopper from
falling to the bottom, and flanges formed on the spindle are of different sizes, the
outer one being considerably smaller than the washer so as to allow the washer to
bend or give way on being forced into the bottle, and the inner flange is made only
a very little less than the washer so as to prevent it from bending or giving way,
thereby resisting the pressure from within the bottle and preventing the stopper
being forced out.
AN IMPROVED FORECARRIAGE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Everard Henry Colclough at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1879.
JOHN EVERARD HENRY COLCLOUGH, Carriage Builder, of Duke Street, Dublin, in
the County. of Dublin, Ireland. "AN IMPROVED FORECARRIAGE."
My Invention has for object an improved forecarriage. I make the top carriage
in one solid piece of wrought iron. In shape it resembles two arcs or segments of
circles meeting and terminating in a point at one end; and at the other ends con-
nected by means of a straight bar or part.
The bottom carriage is also of wrought iron, and has two steel pivots which fit
into notches provided in the inner sides or surfaces of the arcs or segments of the
top carriage in proximity to the connecting straight bar or part.
These pivots act as centres upon which the under carriage turns to the right or
left as may be required.
This arrangement enables the front and hind wheels of vehicles to be kept closer
together than by the use of the ordinary forecarriage hitherto employed thereby
decreasing the draft.
It also enables the seat space in a carriage to be increased by dispensing with the
greater part of the arch, which is necessary to allow wheels to be locked according
to the present construction of the forecarriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE RAILWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Rigby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1879.
ARTHUR RIGBY, of 13, Arnold Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE RAILWAYS."
My Invention has reference to portable railways, that is to say, to railways
made in sections which can be readily taken up, removed to another part, and
again relaid. In railways of this description the rails of each section are generally
secured by rivets, or otherwise to sleepers or cross-plates which are removable with
the sections of rail.
According to the presnt Invention, instead of the rails terminating as hitherto
at the edge of the sleepers or cross-plates to which they are attached, one of the
rails of every section does not at one end extend to the edge of the cross-
plate, while the other end overlaps the cross-plate to a corresponding extent;
the other rail of the same section in like manner does not at one end extend to the
edge of the cross-plate, and at the other end overlaps the edge of the cross-plate,
but the overlap is at the reverse end of the rail. Thus when two sections are
brought together the end of one of the rails of each section rests upon the cross-plate
of the other section.
Both ends of each section being alike, either end on being presented will fit
into any other section, thus avoiding the necessity of having right and left hand
curves or sidings. Any section may be removed from between the others as by
simply lifting up the line the joint will separate. The jointing is effected by
tougue pieces, and one end of each rail projecting over the cross-plate of the
adjoining section. Lateral movement is prevented by the said tongue pieces
being locked between the flanges of the rails, and stop pieces on the cross-plates.
The rails are secured to the cross-plates by rivets, or by bolts having the heads on
the flange of the rail, and the nuts underneath the cross-plate.
By means of my Invention greater strength and firmness are obtained, and the
line is less liable to derangement by the passing of wagons or the washing away of
ballast by heavy rains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY AND VENTILATING POTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Harrison Gelling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1879.
MATTHEW HARRISON GELLING, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, in the County of
Hampshire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY AND VENTILATING POTS."
The improvements consist in making the pot of metal or other convenient
material, of or with louvres, circular on plan, arranged balloon shape in vertical
section, said louvres consisting of two or more cones firmly fixed above, and distant
from each other by metal or other brackets, and one or more inverted metal or
other cones fixed in a similar manner under the upper cones, the various cones
being connected to a hollow neck or tube intended to be fixed to any suitable base,
or otherwise for use as a chimney or ventilating pot. The object of the Invention
is to prevent rain, snow, wind, or draught from descending any shaft over or to
which the improved pot is fixed, the action of the wind on or against the cones
increasing up draught as it passes through and is deflected by the conical shape
of the louvres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BASKETS, BOXES, AND OTHER LIKE RECEPTACLES, AND TO THE METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING THE LIDS OR COVERS OF THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby Fox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th January 1879.
HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Victoria Road, Oxton, in the County of Chester.,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BASKETS, BOXES, AND OTHER LIKE
RECEPTACLES, AND TO THE METHOD OF FASTENING AND SECURING THE LIDS OR
COVERS OF THE SAME."
My Invention consists,―
Firstly. In constructing baskets, boxes, and other like receptacles of telescopic
form by placing one portion within another, so arranged that the basket, box, or
other like receptacle can be expanded to any point within the limit of the depth
of the portious. The medium which regulates the telescopic separation of the
parts may be a strap or other suitable contrivance. In construction, the outer
portion may form the main basket, box, or receptacles with the lid or cover, and
the inner portion may drop down telescopically and form the bottom of the
receptacle. A modification consists in the outer portion forming the bottom and
the inner portion, carrying the lid and rising telescopically. In both cases a strap
or suitable means being provided to regulate the expansion.
Secondly. To fasten the lids or covers of baskets, boxes, and other like receptacles
I use a working loop handle in the centre of the lid. The handle forms part of
and is cranked from a cross shaft on the lid. The ends of the shaft are formed
into arm hooks which extend down inside, and at the sides of the basket, box,
or receptacle, so as to engage with other hooks or pins on the sides of the basket,
box, or receptacle. By this arrangement when the lid or cover is closed and the
loop or cranked handle is laying down on the lid or cover, the lid or cover is
unfastened and free to open. By raising the loop or crank handle the hooks
engage, and the lid or cover is fastened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS IN METALS AND METALLIC ALLOYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1879.
THOMAS WHITE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS IN METALS AND
METALLIC ALLOYS."
My Invention consists in the production, by the methods hereinafter described, of
ornamental designs in metals and metallic alloys, the said designs being made first
in sheet metal, and the ornamental sheet metal afterwards worked when required
into vessels or other articles, or shaped in any desired manner.
In carrying my Invention into effect I employ sheets of metal or alloys of
different colours. Having traced upon two sheets of metal or alloys, I will suppose
copper and German silver, in any convenient way the ornament to be produced, I
cut out the ornament by saw piercing or otherwise, and the pieces cut out from
one sheet of metal I insert in the corresponding openings in the other sheet of
metal, and fix the pieces in their places by brazing or otherwise. There is thus
produced two designs, in which the ground is formed of one of the metals, and the
ornament or design of the other. Thus, supposing a star to be cut from each of the
plates, and that cut from one plate fixed in the cut away portion of the other, there
would be produced a copper plate with a German silver star and a German silver
plate with a copper star. The most varied and complex designs can be produced
in this way, and more than two metals may be employed so as to produce designs
in metals of more than two colours.
Instead of cutting out the designs by saw piercing, cutting tools worked in a
press may be employed where the same design has to be many times repeated.
Where a costly metal or alloy is employed it may be thinner than the less costly
metal which in this case forms the foundation or ground. In this modification,
instead of piercing the less costly metal, I only produce by the pressing machinery
a depression of a sufficient depth to receive the thin costly metal, which is inserted
and hard soldered in the depressions in the less costly metal of the foundation or
ground. The compound ornamented metallic sheet obtained in the ways described
may be further ornamented by embossing, chasing, engraving, enamelling, painting,
or colouring, and may be fashioned into articles by the processes of stamping,
spinning or pressing; or by hand processes, such for example as beating. When

page_text: the ornamented plate has to be treated by any of the processes last referred to, it is
necessary to take care that the metals combined have approximately the same
malleability and ductility, otherwise the treatment to which the compound metal
plate is subjected may produce a distortion of the ornament or unequal expansion
of the plate at different parts.
The metals and alloys which I prefer to employ in various combinations in
carrying my Invention into effect are gold, platinum, silver, German silver, gilding
metal, copper, aluminium, brass, and iron.
E
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1879. A com-
munication from abroad by Paul Lechler and Erust Zimmer, both of Stuttgart,
in the Kingdom of Würtemberg.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GAS REGULATORS." A communication from abroad by Paul Lechler and Ernst
Zimmer, both of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg.
The Invention relates to a gas regulator consisting chiefly of a thin ball of india
rubber or other suitable elastic material open on the inlet side, and enclosed in a
cylindrical casing wholly or partly of glass or other suitable transparent material.
The gas flows from the inlet pipe or conduit into the ball, expands it, and escapes
through small perforations of the latter (applied on the same hemisphere where the
gas enters) into the glass casing; there it passes through the annular space left
between the ball and the casing, after which it escapes into the outlet pipe. An
increase of gas pressure increases the diameter of the ball, thereby diminishing the
annular space between the latter and the casing, and so regulating the quantity of
gas passing through the same. The transparent casing may be protected by a
metallic frame or casing, and the joint of the casing with the gas pipes formed by
screws, or in any other suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR ROASTING FOOD, AND FOR BASTING THE SAME
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Godfrey Croft at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th February 1879.
JOHN GODFREY CROFT, of Richmond, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR ROASTING FOOD, AND FOR BASTING
THE SAME."
As roasting jacks are at present constructed the meat or fowl whilst being roasted
require to be watched and basted by hand. My Invention is designed to obvinte
this defect, and consists in a roller attached to the spindle of an ordinary roasting
jack, round which a chain passes, the ends being continued over two pulleys rigidly
suspended. To each end of this chain is attached a tipping spoon, hung in a stirrup,
and quite free. The ends of these spoons pass clear of the edge of a sieve or strainer
secured to the hook above the meat, but touch the wheel, which is made larger than
on the ordinary jack. The jack, which turns, say 4 times in one direction, then
stops and turns the saine in the opposite direction, will elevate and lower the spoons
alternately, which spoons, lifting the gravy out of the wells in the "dripping pan,"
will on coming in contact with the wheel pour it through the sieve continuously.
upon the "joint," et cetera, in the roaster. A slightly different arrangement of my
Invention, an apparatus for basting meat whilst roasting, the basting spoon is
raised from the dripping pan " to a sieve (perforated), whence the gravy flows
over the meat; the "spoon" to be raised by the periodical fall of a weight released
by an escapement connected with the revolving part of the "bottle jack."
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO ELECTRO MAGNETS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bell and George Scarlett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1879.
JOSEPH BELL and GEORGE SCARLETT, both of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO ELECTRO MAGNETS."
In making electro magnets the present plan is to wind the wire on the core in
one continuous series of helices from right to left, and back again, and so on till
there is sufficient wire to effect the magnetization of the core, or in the case of
horse-shoe magnets right handed helices on one arm, and left handed helices on
the other, coupled or united together so as to make one continuous length, through
which the electricity passes in a single or intermittent current.
Now our Invention, applicable alike to coils used in electromotive and magneto-
electric machines, consists in a new manufacture of coil as follows:-We wind two or
more coils or helices of wire round the same core, or two or more independent wires
insulated from each other in the same coils or compound helices. The first plan
is the one which we prefer, as it is much easier to insulate the one from the other
than when they are intermingled. Usually indeed we form the insulating bobbin
on which they are bound in as many separate divisions as there are wires, a
division for each wire, so as effectually to insulate them the one from the other.
Thus presuming that there are two bobbins, and each bobbin is divided into two
parts, there are four helices or coils with eight ends, four from the bottom or
beginning of the coils, and four from the top or finish of the same.
Now, supposing they are all right handed or all left handed coils, we unite the
four bottom coils to one terminal of the battery or generator of electricity, and the
other four to the other terminal of the said battery or generator (we prefer to have
all the coils wound the same way, say, all right handed, as it saves confusion,
though this course is not absolutely necessary). We then place the cores in the
centres of the bobbins, and thus get a magnet far superior in power to one with a
single continuous length of wire, as in the ordinary construction.