matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR DRESSES AND OTHER LIKE APPAREL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Greenfield at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th June
1859.
I, JOHN GREENFIELD, of 8, Speedwell Street, Oxford, in the County of
Oxford, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR DRESSES AND OTHER LIKE APPAREL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to keep the upper parts of dresses (especially
of children) in their proper position without the use of cords or ribands as is
the common practice with sleeves of children's dresses, and which tend to alter
the shape of the sleeves.
The manner in which I propose to effect this object is to form a metallic
spring by bending a flat strip of suitable metal in half or thereabouts, having
projections or risers in the interior to prevent slipping when once attached;
by this means, the frock and petticoats are kept together (the latter from
rising), and the sleeves not put at all out of shape as is the case with cords
or ribands.
The outer surfaces of these springs may be ornamented in any suitable
manner, and used either for the purpose before mentioned, or in lieu of
brooches, having the same effect without injuring the dress, as is the case
with the pin of a brooch; the inner surface may be covered with any
suitable material to prevent friction, and the cold striking from the metal
to the skin.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN GOVERNORS FOR MACHINERY
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1859.
İ, ALLAN ANDERSON, of Lancaster, Fairfield, County Ohio, United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN GOVERNORS FOR MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention is an application of the sensitiveness of the well-known
instrument called the gyrascope to the regulation of the speed of machinery.
It consists in the construction of a machine which sets in regulated and
adjusted motion a disc, and the frame which supports it, and obtaining
therefrom a resultant force of considerable power, and very sensitive to any
increase or diminution of velocity, and further in adjusting and regulating the
power so obtained, so that it may be used as a governor to steam or other
engines or machinery, and to control and regulate valves for cutting off steam
when used expansively, and to other like objects and purposes. The power
which moves the apparatus is derived from the machinery it is intended to
regulate by means of a belt and pulley, or other usual mode. The revolving
disc, which is similar in form to that of the cominon gyrascope, is supported
upon a shaft which is sustained by an arm hung in a suitable frame; this
frame is rotated on a vertical axis by means of gearing set in motion by the
belt and pulley before mentioned, and by proper gearing it communicates
rotatory motion to the disc; the shaft of the disc and its supporting arm hang
down when the machinery is at rest inside of the frame, the disc being at their

page_text: lower end; but when motion is given to the machine, the combined revolution
of the frame and disc causes the arm to rise and stand out, when a certain
velocity is attained at an angle varying with the speed at which the machinery
is driven. This rise and fall of the disc is made by means of a rack & pinion at
the inner end of its arm to move a rod, which may be applied to the regulation
of the machinery by controlling a cut-off valve, or in any other usual mode.
Having thus stated the principle of my Invention, its mechanical details
will be fully described and illustrated in my Final Specification and the
Drawings which will accompany it.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Reid and Richard Tongé
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th February 1859.
We, ALEXANDER REID, of the City of Manchester, Merchant, and RICHARD
TONGE, of the same Place, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to the reed or that part of the loom by which
the weft is struck into the cloth; and it consists in placing the dents or wires
of the reed in curved or diagonal lines instead of in a straight line, as here-
tofore customary, or in placing them in partly curved, partly diagonal, and
partly straight lines. The object of our Invention is to produce fabrics in
which figures or patterns are woven, by striking the weft into the cloth in
irregular lines, thereby accomplishing, in an easy and expeditious manner,
the same effects as are now produced by jacquards or other similar apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASH, DEED, JEWEL, AND OTHER BOXES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Schäfer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1859.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM SCHÄFER, of the Firm of P. and F. Schäfer, of
Brewer Street, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASH, DEED, JEWEL,
AND OTHER BOXES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing boxes which may be made to expand
and contract within certain limits, according to the articles to be contained
therein. I fit double sides to the box, one of which slides within the other,
in addition to the ordinary sides of the box, and attach the bottom to the
sliding sides. In some cases two or more sets of additional sides may be-
employed, in order to obtain a greater extent of expansion, and thereby:
increase the capacity of the box. When to be used in its smallest state, the
box presents exteriorly the appearance of an ordinary box. When to be
extended to receive a greater quantity of things than the box will contain in
its smallest state, the bottom is pressed down to the extent required. Suitable
stops are fitted to retain the extension sides at the point desired, and also to
prevent them sliding entirely away from the fixed sides.
A NEW METHOD OF ARRANGING THE KEYS ON THE FINGERBOARDS OF PIANOS, ORGANS, AND OTHER SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paolino Francesco Cherpantieri de
la Salle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd August 1859.
I, PAOLINO FRANCESCO CHERPANTIERI DE LA SALLE, of Nice, Italy, Musical
Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW METHOD OF ARRANGING THE KEYS ON THE FINGERBOARDS OF PIANOS,
ORGANS, AND OTHER SIMILAR INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to enable a performer to strike double
octaves with one hand, and to bring the ordinary octave within the compass of
children's hands; also to admit of thirds being played with one finger, by
which arrangement the ordinary compass of a piano may be brought within
half the space. This is accomplished by having three rows of keys in steps,
that is to say, a succession of triplicate notes as follows, viz., four white notes
or naturals surmounted by three white notes or naturals, again surmounted
by five black notes or flats and sharps, and so continued throughout the
instrument according to the number of octaves required; thus the basis, or
first four white notes being, or sounding the ordinary notes in music of
B, D, F, A, surmounted by the second row of the three notes C, E, G, again
surmounted by the third row of the five black notes A.
A {sharp G# D#, F#
& G#.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY LAMP
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April 1859.
I, RICHARD JONES, of the New Kent Road, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY
LAMP," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has reference to an improved safety lamp, by which
all possibility of accident resulting from the careless exposure of the naked
light to the action of inflammable gases in mines, or otherwise, is obviated,
consists in the lamp being provided with an extinguishing apparatus secured
to the moveable head of the same through the medium of pendant framework,
and so arranged as to admit of two metallic surfaces being brought immediately
in contact with the wick on withdrawing the head, by which the light is
extinguished, the draught holes being covered with gauze, and the lamp
provided with the ordinary wire gauze, glass, lock up head, and handle, as also
a flat wick in place of the usual round one, a reservoir of oil contained in the
head together with a pipe and thumb valve for supplying the burner, by which
arrangements it will be obvious that the dangerous consequences of removing
the head to obtain a light are prevented.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES, WATCH SEALS AND KEYS, TOOTHPICKS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY, LOCKETS, PENKNIPE HANDLES, PORTE-MONNAIES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dawson and John Avery
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st April 1859.
We, THOMAS DAWSON and JOHN AVERY, of 32, Essex Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES, WATCH SEALS AND KEYS, TOOTHPICKS, AND OTHER
LIKE ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY, LOCKETS, PENKNIPE HANDLES, PORTE-MONNAIES, AND
OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows, and consists in constructing such said
articles, and the like, to allow space and accommodation for a number of
postage or receipt stamps, or tickets to be wound in and out by a mechanical
contrivance that shall have a propelling power, regulated by the number of
stamps, to be wound in or out.
For instance, to describe a pencil case as a sample of the articles to which
this Invention may be applied; make one part of the case of sufficient length
and volume to admit and hold a number of stamps or tickets, which are
inserted through a slit made in the exterior of the drum or cylinder in which
they are wound and act. The mechanical means employed to wind the stamps
in and out is a longitudinal steel or other spring, fitted to a centre pin fastened
to one end of the pencil-case, and through a hole at the opposite end of the
drum which is detachable, and through which a pin revolves to work the
stamps in and out. This spring is not rivetted to the centre pin, so as to
restrict its action, but is slotted at the ends, & made to slide on two small
pins, so that the pressure of the stamps reduces the curve towards a straight

page_text: line, or the steel or other spring may be so arranged as to work from a straight
line to a curve. Instead of stamps or tickets, or with stamps or tickets, a tape
measure may be combined with said articles, and thus form novel and useful
commodities. In lockets, porte-monnaies, & such like articles, this Invention
may be applied to the hinges or clasps, or other suitable part thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN Box SEXTANTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Swaisland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1859.
I, HENRY SWAISLAND, of 54, Great Sutton Street, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, Mathematical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Box SEXTANTS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination of a compass card or needle
with an ordinary or other box sextant, so that the bearings as well as the
angles of lines may be simultaneously indicated, whilst the advantages of a
pocket compass are combined with the sextant without the necessity for
carrying two instruments. The compass may be placed at or near the centre
of the top plate of the sextant, and the arm of the magnifyer is jointed, so as
to admit of the lens being brought over the compass card or dial, as well as
over the ordinary vernier. An ordinary stop or check is applied to the com-
pass so soon as it has settled and the object properly sighted, so that the
compass will give the correct bearing of the line, and the index, as before, give
its angle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Salter, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1859.
I, WALTER SALTER, junior, of Lea, in the County of Wilts, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hay-making machines.
For these purposes, the machine, as heretofore, is constructed to run on two
wheels, and to be drawn by the aid of a pair of shafts, but in place of having
two short axles, one on each side of the carriage, in this arrangement a single
fixell axle, either cranked or straight is used, on the two ends of which the
Two wheels turn freely. On each of the wheels is fixed a cog wheel, which,
by the aid of gearing, are arranged to turn the drum or rotatory rake in two
directions, first, to distribute the grass, when cut, over the land, and, secondly,
when partly dry, to turn the grass over. The drum or rotatory rake turns
freely on the fixed axle, which, as before stated, passes from side to side of the
machine, and it receives its motion in one or other direction, according as
intermediate axles (one on each side of the machine) are caused to turn-in
one or other direction by the driving cog wheels fixed on the wheels of the
machine. Each of these intermediate axles has on it three pinions, one is
constantly in gear with a toothed wheel on the end of the drum or rotatory
rake when at work, another of the pinions on each of the intermediate axles is

page_text: arranged to gear with a toothed wheel or pinion on a third axle, and such
third axle is arranged to be driven by the pinion thereon taking into the
driving cog wheel on the running wheel of the machine, and the third pinion
on each of the intermediate axles is arranged to gear at times with the cog-
wheel on one of the running wheels of the machine. A hand lever is used to
proper pinions into and out of gear with the driving cog wheels, and
when desired, the drum or rotatory rake is put out of gear with the driving
wheels by another lever, which is so weighted, that the machinery may be
kept in a state of balance on the fixed axle, or so as to put more or less weight
on the horse.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING LIGHT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hale Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1859.
I, FREDERICK HALE HOLMES, of Northfleet, in the County of Kent,
Professor of Natural Philosophy, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING LIGHT," to be as
follows:-
In
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement and adaptation of a
reflector or reflectors for producing the effect of a continuous light on the
"retina" of the eye from whatever direction such light may be seen.
carrying out this Invention it is proposed to employ one or more reflectors
revolving round or over or under a lamp or light, with sufficient velocity to
produce a constant or continuous reflected light from any part of a circle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert John Lees at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1859.
I, ROBERT JOHN LEES, of Woolley Bridge, near Hadfield, in the County of
Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM GENERATORS OR BOILERS," to be as follows:-
I employ an outer casing or shell, of any required length or diameter, and
fix it either vertically, horizontally, or at an angle. Within the said casing or
shell I place three or more flues, either parallel or conical, communicating
with each other by means of pipes, the last flue being connected with the
chimney, and placed close to the shell, or at any desired distance from it. If
three flues are placed within the shell, one or two may be furnished with fire-
bars and doors in order to form furnaces, and the other flue or flues may be
employed for lengthening the heating surface, the heated air and smoke
passing through them to the chimney. If a larger number of flues are placed
within the shell, any other suitable number of furnaces may be employed. In
the interior of the furnaces and flues I place any number of tubes, for the
purpose of increasing the heating surface, and causing an efficient circulation
of the water, the latter passing through the tubes at various heights or
distances at the sides, and also through the tops or ends of the flues, by which
arrangement construct a boiler or generator of great simplicity, and obtain
an amount of heating surface in a smaller space than has hitherto been
attained, and adapting it for agricultural, marine, locomotive, and other
purposes where steam is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET IRON
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1859. A communication from abroad by David A. Morris, of
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, W. C., do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHEET IRON,"
a communication from abroad by David A. Morris, of Pittsburg, Pensylvania,
United States of America, to be as follows:-
The article known as "polished Russia sheet iron" is distinguished from
other descriptions of sheet iron by the hardness of its enamelled surface, its
toughness, malleability, and denseness. My process in manufacturing such
iron consists, firstly, in procuring well carburetted charcoal, pig iron, cold
blast, which I purify either in the refining or puddling furnace by means of a
flux or compounds of reagents, which absorbs the excess of aluminine, silicium,
and other metalloids.
Secondly, in thoroughly working the iron thus produced in the pudling
oven and with hammers, and afterwards reducing the same into sheets in the
ordinary way.
Thirdly, in passing the sheets thus obtained through etched or motled
rollers in order to improve their appearance.
Fourthly, in enclosing the said sheets in an air-tight iron case, and heating
them up to a bright cherry red, and then submitting them to the action of a

page_text: gang of heavy hammers until they are no longer red, charcoal being used in
this process to maintain the heat as long as possible. In some cases I
substitute heavy mottled rollers to the hammers, but I prefer the use of
the latter.
Fifthly, in submitting the same sheets a second time to the same operation,
the amount of heat communicated to them previously being somewhat less,
and the hammers more powerful than in the first; this operation improves the
finish of the plates, and takes out the "buckle."
Sixthly, lastly in enclosing them a third time in an air-tight case for the
purpose of being annealed in a properly constructed furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS AND SPOOLS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Crabtree at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1859.
I, JAMES CRABTREE, of Market Street, Bradford, in the County of York,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS AND SPOOLS," to be as
follows:-
Bobbins and also spools as at present generally used are made of wood, and
are costly, besides occupying considerable space and adding materially to
weight in transit; and the object of my Invention is to form such of paper or
cardboard, or other suitable material, by which economy of cost and room
with considerable reduction of weight are obtained.
I am aware that yarn for the purpose of transit has heretofore commonly
been wound or spun on to paper tubes. I do not, therefore, lay claim to the
paper tubes simply considered.
According to my Invention, I form the spools of a tube of paper or paper
board, or other suitable material, with a flange at one end thereof; by which
I am enabled to obtain a cop of an ordinary diameter to contain a greatly
increased quantity of yarn or thread.
I form bobbins in like manner, except that the bobbins have a flange at
each end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY FLUIDS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nelson Kenward at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1859.
I, NELSON KENWARD, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER BY FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for obtaining
motive power by fluids. For these purposes two or other number of cylinders
are used, which are arranged around a shaft or axis turning in suitable
bearings. The shaft or axis passes through the covers or ends of the cylinders
at a distance from the centre of each, so that the cylinders are excentric to
the shaft or axis. Each of the cylinders is divided longitudinally into two
compartments by a partition or piston fixed to the shaft or axis. Water or
other fluid is supplied through the shaft or axis into each of the cylinders to
one side only of the pistons or partitions therein. As the shaft is excentric to
the cylinders, each of the partitions or pistons will protrude to a larger extent
on one side of the shaft or axis than on the other, and thus present a greater
length of leverage or a greater surface for the fluid to press on the one side of
the shaft or axis than on the other, and it will be seen that as the water or
fluid in the several cylinders is constantly pressing on the longer leverage of
the partitions or pistons, there is a tendency to cause them with their axis to
rotate. The partitions or pistons are not fixed in the same line along the axis
or shaft, but at angles to each other around the shaft, so as to present their

page_text: greatest length of leverage in succession. The cylinders are allowed to rise
and fall as the shaft or axis rotates, and in order to obtain pressure to the
water or other fluid in the cylinders, a small vessel is used, into which water
or other fluid is forced by a force pump applied thereto, and driven from the
main shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS REQUIRING SUCH SHOES, AND IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING THE SAME TO THE FEET
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bartholomew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th. January
1859.
I, GEORGE BARTHOLOMEW, of the Town and County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Edge Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS REQUIRING SUCH
SHOES, AND IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING THE SAME TO THE FEET," to be as
follows:-
The object of the improvements is the arrangement of parts of and in
connection with the shoes of horses and other animals requiring such shoes,
that facility may be given for the natural expansion and contraction of the
foot, whilst security of fixture to, with facility of removal of such shoes from,
the feet is obtained.
The shoe proper, or the wearing surface, may be of the form generally
adopted, except that on each side it is separated from that forming the front,
and the parts are connected to a steel or other elastic plate, by which flexibility
between the fore and hind parts of the under surface of the shoe is attained,
or in place of the shoe being formed in separate parts, and the flexibility
obtained by the parts being connected to other plates of metal, the shoe may
be formed as usual in one piece, but sufficiently thin and flexible where
desired for the amount of elasticity sought. These parts of the shoe proper,
in place of being attached to the foot by nails driven therein, are attached to
an outer frame. or wall rising up the hoof, and extending from the front

page_text: backwards. The mode of attachment of the shoe or part thereof to such wall
is by nails similar to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me, and dated the First day of February 1858, or otherwise, to
admit of ready fixture or removal.
The outer wall or frame in the present case is at the sides thereof formed
elastic, whilst the back ends are adapted to receive a connecting piece formed
to connect them together and retain the shoe from slipping off, as also to
admit of play of the parts for the expansion and contraction of the foot
sideways, endways, and upwards or downwards. For this purpose this back
piece is at its upper part bent inwards to rest on the upper part of the heel of
the foot, and at such part I prefer that it be formed double, one part, that next
the heel, being elastic, or it may be provided with an elastic cushion. And to
give facility for adjustment and removal, the edges of this back plate embrace
the back ends of the wall so as to slide on them, whilst pins or nails with
notches or recesses therein pass upwards from the back parts of the shoe into
the back plate, and are there held by a transverse pin or cotter passing into
such notches, and there held in position by a spring catch.
If desired, in place of an elastic shoe, such as here stated, an ordinary shoc
may be employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GENERATING GAS FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING AND HEATING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Livermore at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1859.
I, ELIJAH LIVERMORE, of the City of New York, in the United States of
America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GENERATING GAS FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHTING AND HEATING," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to give to gaseous or carbonaceous fluids the
properties of heating and illuminating, which I propose effecting in the
following manner:-I employ a suitably constructed apparatus for the purpose
of forcing air into and among the Neubian oils patented by me on the 8th
day of July 1859, No. 1626, and all other gaseous or carbonaceous fluids
whatsoever, for the purpose before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1859. A communication from Herr Von Langen, Royal
Architect, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM
BOILERS OR OTHER VESSELS," "a communication from Herr Von Langen, Royal
Architect, residing at Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the prevention of the injurious effects of the
deposit or sediment which falls down by heating fluids, and is particularly.
adapted for steam boilers. In the interior of the boiler or vessel I employ
shells or receptacles made of plates of metal or other suitable material
placed a short distance from the bottom and sides of the boiler, and also near
the flues or tubes, the said shells having openings so placed as to cause
the fluid to circulate at a greater velocity or be more agitated at those
parts where the boiler is in contact with the heat, which increased agitation
prevents the sediment from settling and becoming hard upon the heated parts,
only allowing it to be deposited upon the shells or receptacles in the form of
a powder or light refuse easy of removal. In boilers of salt water the salt in
common. with the sediment falls upon the shells, thus preventing the bad
effect of the salt upon the heated parts.
In locomotive or other boilers heated by tubes or pipes, either all or part
only of the tubes may be furnished with the shells for collecting the sediment.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF LEAVEN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1859. A communication from abroad by Frederic Ludewig, Manu-
facturing Chemist, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW MANUFACTURE OF LEAVEN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the manufacture of an improved leaven or yeast
to be used in the manufacture of bread. This improved leaven is produced
from beer yeast, and possesses the following qualities:-
Firstly, of its great whiteness, hence it does not impart color to the bread.
The yeast heretofore used has, on the contrary, altered the color of the bread
by browing it, resulting also in loss of flavour and sweetness.
Secondly, this improved yeast may be kept fresh several months, at the
same time retaining its strength and hygienic properties, and further it does
not communicate any particular flavor to the bread. For this reason it will
be invaluable for voyages, expeditions, victualling, &c.
the contrary, cannot be kept more that about 24 hours, after which time its
nature becomes changed, and it gives to the bread an unpleasant taste, and
is also prejudicial to the health.
The ordinary yeast, on

page_text: Thirdly, this improved yeast is very sweet, for which reason it never
ferments, nor becomes acid, nor alkaline, or alcoholic.
Fourthly, it is very rapid in its action and quickness the formation of the
bread, while at the same time the quantity necessary to be employed is much
smaller than of ordinary yeast; it also causes the bread to rise quicker and
better, and renders it light, spongy, and very easily digested.
The following is the method of preparing this improved yeast:-To manu-
facture about 222 pounds of sweet white yeast, take 1st, about 175 quarts of
ordinary beer yeast; 2ndly, about 260 quarts of fresh water; and 3rdly,
about 13 lbs. of pulverized carbonate of ammonia (CO2 Az H³). The
whole is then worked up with a mechanical agitator in a tub, which
operation removes from the yeast the resins and essential oils produced
When
from the hops, which give a sour and bitter taste to the bread.
this operation is completed it is allowed to rest about eight hours, care
being taken to stir the mass two or three times; when this time has
expired, the water is withdrawn by means of cocks, and the yeast placed on a
fine sieve in another vat, where it is worked up again with about 440 quarts
of fresh water; when this is completed it is allowed to rest for three or four
hours, after which time the liquid is withdrawn as before. The yeast is then
placed in double sacks, and in this state subjected to the action of a press
which dries and solidifies the yeast. It is then withdrawn from the sacks and
spread upon tables, and beaten up with or simply sprinkled with about
eight oz. of powdered sugar for every two and a quarter pounds of yeast.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN SHIPS' RIDING BITS AND TIMBER HEADS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Joseph Terrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th July 1859.
I, THOMAS JOSEPH TERRELL, of Poplar, in the County of Middlesex, Ship-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN SHIPS' RIDING BITS AND TIMBER HEADS,'" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in cutting or otherwise forming a worm on the lower
part of riding bits and "timber heads," for the chain or rope to run in for the
purpose of preventing the same running off, and for preventing one coil riding
over another. The term "timber heads" applies to the posts or uprights
round which ropes or chains are passed in paying-out and otherwise on board
ship, and comprises posts whether of wood or metal. 'I find it preferable to
cause parts of the worm to project beyond the circumference of the remaining
part of the bit or head.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DRILLS FOR DRILLING OF CORN SEEDS AND MANURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Joseph Johnston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
April 1859.
I, GEORGE JOSEPH JOHNSTON, of Ashley, in the County of Cambridge,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DRILLS FOR DRILLING OF CORN SEEDS AND MANURE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the drill coulter by a
rotary motion working on its own axis; it is self-acting and self-cleaning for
cutting of the earth and for depositing of corn seeds and manure, and can be
so fixed at such distances, and to penetrate the ground to any depth that may
be required, and can be applied to any drill now extant.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BUSTLES AND SKIRTS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brazer Babcock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1859. A communication from Handle N. Daggett, of Attleboro,
Massachusets, United States of America.
I, JOHN BRAZER BABCOCK; of 35, Milk Street, Boston, in the United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BUSTLES AND SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objeet improvements in skirts and bustles. For
this purpose a skirt, suitable to be also used as a bustle, is constructed of a
number of vertical bands attached at their upper ends to a waistband, and
hanging therefrom; combined with these bands are hoops placed in a hori-
zontal position at different distances beneath the waistband, the vertical bands
and the hoops being connected together at the points where they cross each
other. In two of the vertical bands, one on each side of the skirt, eyelet
holes are formed. These eyelets are at the upper ends of the bands, and
receive lacings, by which the two bands can be drawn up towards each other.
The lacings pass round the back of the person wearing the skirt, and when by
means of them the two side bands are drawn towards each other, all the
bands, and the portions of the hoops between them, are caused to protrude as
is desired, and this in a greater or less degree, according to the extent to
which the lacings are drawn up. Attached to the waistband at the back,
and at equal distances from the two side bands to which the lacings are
applied, there is a guide to keep the lacings properly spaced. This guide has
eyelet holes formed in it, through which the lacings are passed.
AN IMPROVED BURLING AND NAPPING MACHINE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jozé Luis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May 1859.-
A communication to me from abroad by J. B. Duval, No. 10, Rue
Mogador, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JozÉ LUIs, of No. 1º, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BURLING AND NAPPING MACHINE," a communication
to me from abroad by J. B. Duval, No. 10, Rue Mogador, Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
There is at present a machine for burling wool and all kinds of tissue; this
machine, which serves for taking out the knots from the stuffs, has been used
up to the present time in taking them out by hand only. The object of this
Invention is to take them out mechanically, which greatly economises the
work; for instance, taking the knots out of a piece by hand occupies from
2 to 3 hours, whilst the present machine would take them out of a piece of
the same dimensions in three-quarters of an hour.
The advantage of this machine is that the comb measures 4ft. 11tins. long
instead of 1ft. 7ins. (that the comb used at present measures).
This machine serves not only for burling, but also for napping at the same
time, and it is for that reason that it has the name of napping and burling
machine; so that the piece which is employed in the machine is napped by
means of a spiral cylinder A, moved by the large wheel B, by means of a

page_text: winch C, that can be turned by one man or by steam, as may be most
convenient. The roller D, at the end of which is a pulley, is adapted a winch
or eccentric tappet, which moves the board that keeps the threads asunder E,
and the cog wheel F draws the piece on the roller D. This roller is moved
by the gearing of the wheels B & K, caused by the winch C. The inter-
mediate pulley G is to give more velocity to the board that keeps the threads
asunder. The table H is placed to receive the piece when finished. The
cog wheel I serves to stretch the piece more or less strongly. The handle J
serves to regulate the height of the table. Near the large wheel B is a small
wheel between that and the wheel K, which moves the belt L. This machine
can be established on a different frame than that shown on the Drawings. It
is also to be remarked that the utility and precision of this machine lays in the
board that keeps the threads asunder E, in the interior of which is the length
of the comb 4ft. 11ins.; by this means the smallest threads are taken up
which are found below the surface of the piece for burling or napping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Knox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th May
1859.
I, ANDREW KNOX, of 2, Victoria Cottages, Hertford Road, Kingsland, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to such gas regulators as have a weighted flexible
diaphragm upon which the gas admitted to a small chamber termed a low-
pressure chamber acts, and by such action increases or lessens the passage of
gas to the burners.
My improvements consist, first, in the arrangement of two or more valves
in combination with each other for the admission of the gas to the diaphragm
chamber, so that their weight and the pressure of the gas on them counter-
balances each other, by reason of which the regulator will work with great
uniformity even at the lowest pressures; to effect this I connect the two valves
by a light lever mounted on a suitable fulcrum.
I further improve these regulators by. facing the valves with leather or
other suitable substance, so that a close contact is more readily obtained than
by the use of metal surfaces; by being so closed the accumulation of gas in
the pipes is prevented.
Another improvement consists in forming the central spindle supported by
the diaphragm of the low-pressure chamber hollow, so that the gas in that

page_text: chamber enters the hollow spindle, and ascends direct to a burner on such
spindle immediately above; or it may be otherwise directly utilized.
This regulator may be furnished with two valves arranged according to the
first described improvement, or with one valve only, or according to any other
ordinary arrangement.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BROOMS OR BRUSHES FOR SWEEPING OR CLEANSING STREETS, ROADS, AND THOROUGHFARES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Bennett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1859.
I, NICHOLAS BENNETT, of 4, Furnival's Inn, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BROOMS OR BRUSHES FOR SWEEPING OR
CLEANSING STREETS, ROADS, AND THOROUGHFARES, ALSO APPLICABLE TO DOMESTIC
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the diminishing of labor at present
employed and saving of time now occupied in sweeping or cleansing streets,
roads, and thoroughfares, and is effected by the following means:-
Instead of making brooms and brushes with short thick heads as now used, I
propose lengthening the heads, say double the present length, and forming
them of one-half the width, so as not to increase their weight, but as the
handle (if placed in the centre) would be found in some cases awkward in the
hands of the operator, I propose forming it Y-shaped, either in pieces, or by
splitting the handle about one-third of its length, inserting each of the prongs
in the broom head at or about one-third distance from each end thereof
respectively. As in decreasing the width of the broom head now in use the
power of resistance would be also lessened, I propose, in order to obtain
sufficient resistance, that the bone, bristle, or other substance whereof the
brush is composed shall be of different strengths and sizes, and that the lesser
size, or that having the least resisting power, should be placed in that part of

page_text: the broom head farthest from the operator, and that the larger size, or that
having the stronger and more resisting power, should be placed in that part of
the broom head nearest to the operator, the resisting power in this and in the
case next described may be increased by tongues of sheet metal affixed to the
broom head immediately behind the bone, bristles, or other material of which
the broom or brush is composed.
When large spaces are required to be swept speedily I extend the length of
the broom head considerably further, and I propose that in this case the
operator shall draw the broom after him, and I do so by applying double
handles in the form of an X, with a cross piece about a foot below the inter-
secting point, so that the operator placing himself beside them can drag the
broom after him by the cross-piece between the handles.
I also place at each end of the sweeper or broom head a small wheel whereby
the operator can easily run the sweeper or broom head back when required
without lifting it.
By these means a larger area can be cleansed in a considerably less space of
time with a less number of hands.
A MEANS OF KEEPING A STOPPER CONNECTED WITH A BOTTLE, JAR, OR SUCH LIKE RECEPTACLE WHEN REMOVED FROM THE MOUTH THEREOF
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Mordan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1859.
I, FRANCIS MORDAN, of Goswell Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A MEANS OF KEEPING A STOPPER CONNECTED WITH A BOTTLE, JAR, OR SUCH LIKE
RECEPTACLE WHEN REMOVED FROM THE MOUTH THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to keep corks and other stoppers connected
with the bottles, jars, or receptacles to which they belong when removed from
the mouth of the same, thereby preventing loss of the stopper and considerable
inconvenience. For this purpose I connect or adapt a piece of elastic
material or an elastic medium to the neck of or otherwise conveniently to the
bottle, jar, or other receptacle; and I likewise attach it to the stopper in such
manner that, while the latter may be readily removed from the mouth of the
bottle, jar, or receptacle, it still remains connected with such bottle or
receptacle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING, TREATING, OR MANUFACTURING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1859.
I, THOMAS SCOTT, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING, TREATING, OR MANUFACTURING FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN
THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates principally to the treatment or preparation of what
is commercially known as China grass, or rheca fibre, but it will answer to a
greater or less extent for treating and preparing other fibrous materials.
In preparing China grass or other fibrous material according to this process,
the raw material is primarily deposited in a chamber containing a cold or
heated alkaline solution or a solution composed of alkali and soap, or
oleaginous matter, common soda, or soda and potash is preferred for use in
the preparation of this alkaline solution; after treatment in this solution the
fibrous material is removed, and it is then laid in a heap or in bulk to enable
the mucilaginous or gummy matter to become separated from the actual
fibre. The treated fibre is then beetled, washed, and finished for hackling and
subsequent manufacturing treatment in the ordinary way. Or, instead of this
procedure, the fibrous material, after being exposed to the alkaline action, is
operated upon in a washing apparatus working in combination with a hackling
or disintegrating apparatus, or with an arrangement of beaters, pressers, or

page_text: rubbers for the purpose of gradually and effectually opening or disintegrating
the minuto fibres, so as to leave the material comparatively free from "runners"
or undivided fibres. Or this latter apparatus may be combined with the
chamber containing the alkaline solution, so that the fibrous material need not
be removed until it has undergone both operations, or both processes may be
carried on simultaneously. Instead of subjecting the fibrous material to the
action of an alkali combined with soap, the alkaline treatment may come
first, and the soapy or oleaginous treatment afterwards, or it may be immersed
in a solution of oily matters, or be disposed in heaps or "batches," and
subjected to the action of the oily solution. In opening or disintegrating
the treated fibrous material, a hackle or opener of a peculiar kind is used, the
hackle teeth being made with spring joints and inclined towards the line of
draught of the fibre, so as to yield or give when clotted portions of the fibre
occur; in this way the opening or hackling or disintegrating operation is
effected gradually, but yet properly, without injuring or breaking the fibrous
staple; a solution of ordinary soap may also be used alone in the primary hot
steeping treatment, instead of alkali.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, AND ITS PROJECTILES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Warry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1859.
I, ROBERT WARRY, Armourer Sergeant of the Third Depot Battalion, at
Chatham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREECH-LOADING ORDNANCE, AND ITS PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, in the first place, in attaching to one end of a
hollow cylinder or barrel a "detachable breech, which detachable breech is
provided in the inside with a roller or stop, which by turning the aforesaid
roller or stop about a quarter part round, the cartridge is cut, the breech hole
is closed, the nipple is primed, and the piece of ordnance or cannon is fired.
The second part consists in applying to the outside part of any projectile a
thread or screw, which thread or screw can be either cast in the making of
such aforesaid projectile, or can be turned on after such projectile bas been
made. By this method the aforesaid outside screwed face or threaded
projectile can be easily coated with any soft metal or other suitable materials,
so that when so coated the aforesaid projectile can be used for firing from
rifled or other ordnance or cannon.