Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Carriages and in Machinery therefor.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1897-- Accepted, 9th Oct., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Carriages and
in Machinery therefor.
I, JAMES PINFOLD, of 233 Park Road, Aston, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cartridges of the kind in which a metal
base or head is formed separate from the body and attached thereto by means of a
wad or block of paper or similar material compressed within it. The chief object of
this invention is to so form the wads or blocks that the head and the body may be
more cheaply and effectively secured together than heretofore.
According to my invention a sheet of compressed wood or paper pulp or other
suitable material of appropriate thickness is cut into a number of rectangular pieces
or blanks of larger area than the required wad or block. These blanks are forced
through a die which is so formed as to convert them into discs or wads of a circular
shape. The said dises or wads thus produced are then acted upon in another die to
cause them to assume a cupped form and are also pierced to receive the usual cap-
chamber.
In carrying my invention into effect, I construct a machine comprising suitable
guides and a feeding device for the paper sheet; knives for cutting the sheet into
square blanks; a punch and die for forming the square blanks into discs or wads;
and suitable dies and tools for cupping and piercing these wads prior to their
insertion into the cartridges. The knives for cutting the sheet into square blanks
are two in number, which are arranged at right angles and placed one in advance of
the other, so that as the sheet is fed forward and the knives are brought down upon
it, the sheet is slit by the first knife for a short distance parallel to the direction of
feed, and by the second knife is cut transversely so as to separate from such sheet a
square blank which was partly produced by the first knife at the previous stroke.
The square blank thus obtained falls into a die having a hole that is square at the top
to receive the said blank and converges into circular shape at the bottom. The blank
is forced through the said die by means of a punch provided with four prongs that are
adapted to fit the corners of the square portion of the hole, and to move inward
towards one another as the said punch continues to enter the die in the act of
pressing the blank into the circular part of the hole; these prongs serving to prevent
the corners of the square blank from turning upward during this operation. The
roughly formed circular wad thus produced is retained in the above-described wad
forming die ready for the final operation of cupping and piercing.
The cupping and piercing die is situated beneath the wad forming die, and several
pairs of wad forming and cupping dies are arranged upon an intermittently rotating
table. As this table rotates it first brings the said dies successively into position to
receive a square blank from the knives; then into a position to be acted upon by the
cupping and piercing tool or punch by which the said wad is forced out of the wad
formning die into the cupping and piercing die, wherein it is finally cupped,
pressed, and pierced ready for use.

page_text: It will be readily understood that instead of employing square blanks as above
stated, hexagonal ones may be employed, as in either case the sheet can be cut up
into the required blanks without waste.
Dated this 30th day of October 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Carriages and
in Machinery therefor.
I, JAMES PINFOLD, of 233 Park Road, Aston, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cartridges of the kind in which a
metal base or head is formed separate from the body and attached thereto by means
of a wad or block of paper or similar material compressed within it. The chief object
of this invention is to so form the wads or blocks that the head and the body of the
cartridge may be more cheaply and effectively secured together than heretofore.
According to my invention a sheet of compressed wood or paper pulp or other
suitable material of appropriate thickness is cut into a number of rectangular pieces
or blanks of larger area than the required wad or block. These blanks are forced
through a die which is so formed as to convert them into discs or wads of a circular shape.
The said discs or wads thus produced are then acted upon in another die to cause
them to assume a cupped form and are also pierced to receive the usual cap-
chamber.
Owing to the cup-like shape of the wads, they will when placed in the cartridges
and subjected to pressure, expand or spread outwardly at their edges much more
readily than do ordinary flat wads, and in practice this enables cartridges of the kind
mentioned, to have their bases and bodies connected by wads without risk of distorting
the rims or flanges of such cartridges. In this manner the subsequent treatment of
the rims or flanges which is usually necessary to restore the rims to the proper shape
is obviated.
For the purpose of manufacturing the cup shaped wads above referred to I construct
a machine comprising suitable guides and a feeding device for the sheet of material
from which the wads are to be formed, knives for cutting the sheet into square
blanks; a punch and die for forming the square blanks into discs or wads; and
suitable dies and tools for cupping and piercing these wads prior to their insertion
into the cartridges. The knives for cutting the sheet into square blanks are two in
number, which are arranged at right angles and placed one in advance of the other,
so that as the sheet is fed forward and the knives are brought down upon it, the sheet
is slit by the first knife for a short distance parallel to the direction of feed, and by
the second knife is cut transversely so as to separate from such sheet a square blank
which was partly produced by the first knife at the previous stroke.
In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the same by aid of the accompanying drawings, in
which
Figure 1 illustrates in vertical section, to an enlarged scale, the base portion of a
sporting cartridge provided with an ordinary wad.
Figure 2 is a similar view of a cartridge provided with one of the aforesaid cup
shaped wads.

page_text: Figure 3 shows the same after the cup shaped wad has been compressed.
Figures 4 and 5 are elevations at right angles to one another showing a machine
which I find it advantageous to employ in the manufacture of the cup shaped
wads.
Figure 6 is a plan of the said machine and
Figure 7 is a horizontal section on the line xx Figure 4.
Figures 8 to 16 are detail views hereinafter referred to in describing the said
machine.
Figures 17 to 29 are also detail views illustrating certain devices whereby the
manufacture of the cup shaped wads may be carried on in a hand or fly press.
Referring more particularly to Figures 1 to 3, a is the metal base or head of the
cartridge, b is the body thereof, and c is the wad whereby the said base or head and
the body are secured together, the lower edge b¹ of the body being forced outward
into the rim a¹ of the base as shown in Figure 3 when the wad is compressed
sufficiently. If the wad be of the ordinary flat shape (see Figure 1) it is obvious
that a very extreme pressure will he required to cause it to spread laterally to a
sufficient degree. to lock the edge 6 of the body of the cartridge in the rim a¹.
Moreover such spreading in practice takes place irregularly down the whole depth of
the wad and consequently the rim a¹ is bulged outward, as indicated by the dotted
lines b², and a subsequent operation is required to restore the said rim to its ordinary
shape.
With a wad having a cup-shaped recess c¹ however, the whole pressure is thrown
on the reduced edge c² of the said recess and the latter expands or spreads very easily
so forcing outward the edge bl of the body of the cartridge. It will be readily under-
stood that with this kind of wad there is practically no risk of distorting the rim a
of the cartridge, as the pressure cannot begin to spread or expand the wad as a whole,
until the recess c' has been completely flattened against the end of the cartridge, by
which time the forcing of the edge b into the said rim is completed. By properly
adjusting the stroke of the plunger by which the compression of the wad is effected,
the action can be caused to cease immediately the wad has been thus flattened, so
that no distortion of the rim can possibly occur.
Referring now to the machine for forming the cup shaped wads, d is the frame
thereof, the main shaft 2 the driving belt pulley and d³ a hand or fly wheel. e e
are the feed rollers for the sheet of material to form the wads, and e' e¹ are adjustable
rollers arranged beneath the rollers e and serving to support the said sheet, while it
is being fed forward. The feed rollers e are operated by ratchet and pawl mechanism e²
actuated by links connected to arms et on a rocking shaft e' this shaft being in its
turn operated by a rod eo connected to an arm e and carrying a roller e' worked by a
cam e" on the main shaft d'. f is a reciprocating block which carries the tools for
cutting and forming the wads. This block works in guides f' and is operated by a
connecting rod f2 formed of right and left hand screws connected by a nut f³ so as to
adjust the stroke. The connecting rod extends to and is operated by a crank f!.
99 are dies which are shown more clearly in Figures 8 and 9 and in which the wads are
formed. In each die is situated a punch g¹ having a rounded upper surface g² and a
central projection g³. The dies are arranged in a circular series on a rotary table g
which works on a fixed plate dx and is provided with notches g' in its edge. With
these notches a reciprocating pawl g' is adapted to engage, and feed the table round
step by step. The dies have each an upper portion g' in which is a central hole
converging from square to circular form. The aforesaid reciprocating pawl g' is
carried by a bar g' which is caused to reciprocate by a lever g° operated by a cam g¹º.
For the purpose of locking the table in position after each partial rotation, a locking
bolt gll operated by a spring g" is provided to engage the notches in the table, this
bolt being released at the proper times by a lever g3 operated by a cam g¹.
hh are the two knives for cutting the material into square blanks. These are as
shown in Figures 10, 11 and 12 mounted in recesses in a block or holder h³, wherein they
are secured by set screws h³. This block h² has a stem h' by which it is secured in the

page_text: reciprocating block f, and carries four depending strong spring prongs i forming a
punch and serving to press the blanks through the dies.
The operation of the foregoing parts is as follows:-The sheet of material k (see
Figures 13 and 14) is fed in between the rollers e el and travels over a table l arranged
across the machine. As the reciprocating block f rises and falls the knives & A¹ cut
the said sheet into square blanks the knife h forming a cut or slit parallel with the
edge of the sheet and the knife & forming a cut at right angles to the cut . By
thus arranging the knife & to extend the longitudinal cut & in advance of the knife A¹
the knives only act ene at a time on each blank, which I find to give blanks of a much
more perfect shape than would be the case if they acted simultaneously on the said
blank. The rate of feed is so regulated that the space between the successive cuts ²
is equal to their length, thus producing square blanks.
As the blanks are obtained they fall through a hole in the table or platform into
one of the dies g, these latter being so arranged that at each movement of the table a
fresh die is brought under the said hole, and the die which has last received a blank
is moved under a recess or cut away portion of the platform in which position it
lies immediately beneath the prongs i which enter it when the block descends.
These prongs are adapted to fit the corners of the square portion of the hole in the
upper part of the die, and to bend inward towards one another as they descend and
press the blank into the circular part of the hole. The said prongs serve to prevent
the corners of the square blank from turning upward, as they force the said blank into
the die by pressing upon the corners thereof.
The roughly formed circular wad thus produced is retained in the die ready for the
final cupping and piercing operation.
This is effected after the table has performed its next motion and has brought the
die with the rough circular blank under a punch m secured to the block f. This
punch as shown more clearly in Figure 8 is provided with a central curved passage m
to receive the punchings which the projection g' on the punch g' forces out of the
wad when the punch m descends so forming the cap chamber in the wad. In the
same movement also the rounded surface g² on the punch gl forms the cup shaped
recess c (Figures 1 to 3) in the wad. The wad thus formed is ejected from the die
after the table has performed its next movement and has brought the die over an
ejector (see Figure 9) which works through an aperture in the fixed plate and
through a corresponding aperture in the revolving table g. The ejection is effected
by the ejector pushing up the panch g into the position shown in Figure 9 so
forcing the wads one by one into a tubular container o (see Figs. 15 and 16) secured
to the frame of the machine, and having claws o' like those of a cartridge extractor
which permit the wads to enter the container o but prevent them leaving the same.
The ejector is carried by an arm a¹ (see Fig. 4) projecting from a vertical rod
which is acted on by a spring nx, and carries a roller n3 bearing upon a cam nt,
whereby the said rod and ejector are raised and lowered at the proper times. The
wads are removed from the container o by hand as required.
Referring now to the devices shown in Figures 17 to 29, these are analogous
to the parts which are similarly lettered in the preceding figures, and are only
modified to the extent necessary to enable them to be used with a hand or fly
press. The arrangement of the knives h h (Figures 17 18 and 19) is substan-
tially similar to that shown in Figures 10 to 12. The punch prongs (Figures 20
and 21) are however formed separately from the knives and are secured to a
block having a screw threaded stem 2. The die y shown in Figures 22 and 23
is different from that shown in Figures 8 and 9 mainly owing to an ejector such
as n not being applicable to an ordinary press. In this form of die the upper
part is made removable while the punch g is hollow or tubular, and is acted
upon by a spring g which keeps it normally up to the level of a block g
secured in the top of the die. In place of the projection (Figures 8 and 9) for
forming the cap chamber, a fixed stem 3x is provided inside the punch, and the
arrangement is such that when the wad is forced into the die, the punch descends
and the stem gx perforates the said wad. The removable top g is shown more

page_text: clearly in plan and side view in Figures 24 and 25, while in Figure 26 the punch
prongs are shown in position they occupy when ready to push the wad into the
die. The punch m shown in Figures 27, 28 and 29 is similar in its construction
and mode of operation to that previously referred to but has a screw-threaded
shank m² instead of a plain shank.
Obviously other means may if desired be employed for making the improved cup-
shaped blanks, the machine and devices above described being however those which
I prefer to employ.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. For use in the manufacture of cartridges of the kind referred to, a wad having
a cup-shaped recess substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
2. The method of manufacturing wads for use with cartridges of the kind herein
referred to, consisting in first cutting a rectangular blank from a sheet of appropriate
material, then forming such blank into a circular shape by pressure and finally
piercing such circular blank and simultaneously forming it with a depressed or cup-
like side, for the purpose specified.
3. In the manufacture of wads for cartridges in accordance with the method above
referred to, a cutting device for severing a square blank from a sheet of suitable
material, the said cutting device having its knives so arranged that one cuts in
advance of the other.
4. In the manufacture of wads in accordance with the method above referred to,
the dies for causing the square blank to be formed into a circular one, consisting of a
series of resilient prongs acting in conjunction with a die having a hole which is
square at one end and circular at the other.
5. In the manufacture of wads in accordance with the method above referred to the
dies for simultaneously piercing the wad and forming a cup-shaped recess in one of
its sides.
6. A machine having its parts constructed and arranged to operate substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.