Improvements in Printing Type.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1889-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Type.
We WATKIN WYNNE of Sydney in the Colony of New South Wales Journalist,
JOHN ROBERT TOPLISS Journalist and JOSHUA ALEXANDER KAY, Consulting
Mechanician both of Melbourne in the Colony of Victoria Australia, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
"
According to this invention printing type is constructed so that each character of
a fount is equal to one or more equal subdivisions or parts of the em quad of the
fount the subdivisions being such that four of them are equal to the em quad. We
designate this system of type by the name "Quadrate" and the subdivisions or parts
of the em quad we term "units." A character equal to one snbdivision we term a
one-unit character, one equal to two subdivisions a two-unit character and so on. The
following examples will serve to illustrate the construction of the type namely the
lower case "1" comma ""Full point" and other thin characters are made as
one-unit characters, the figures and such letters as "a" "b" "c" "d" and others
nearest in size to the em quad are made as two-unit characters; the lower case "w" and
m as three unit characters; and the capital "W" and other sorts of similar size
as four-unit characters —that is, equal to the em quad. Space characters are made
equal to one or more units as required. Whenever in this specification a character is
described as being "equal to " one or more subdivisions or units of an em quad, it is
to be understood that it is equal thereto in the sense that when set up in a line of
type it occupies a space therein which is equal to that occupied by one or more such
subdivisions or units as the case may be.
22
By means of this invention the work of justifying lines of type can be performed
with great facility, rapidity and mathematical accuracy, thus :-Two space characters
of different dimensions may be set up between each two words, and then, if a line be
overfilled, as many one-unit space characters may be withdrawn as is necessary for
justifying the line; or some of the two-unit space characters may be withdrawn
instead of the one-unit ones when this is preferable. For example, a line containing
thirteen ems pica would comprise four times that number of units, that is, fifty-two;
and if in setting up a line, characters were inserted equal in all to fifty-four such
units, the removal of two one-unit space characters would exactly justify the line.
The system of type herein described may be used in type-setting both by hand and
by machinery and also in Typewriters.
Dated this Fourteenth day of September One thousand eight hundred and
eighty nine
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Printing Type.
We WATKIN WYNNE of Sydney in the Colony of New South Wales Journalist
JOHN ROBERT TOPLISS Journalist and JOSHUA ALEXANDER KAY Consulting
Mechanician both of Melbourne in the Colony of Victoria, Australia do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
According to this invention printing type is constructed so that each character of
a fount is equal to one or more equal subdivisions or parts of the em quad of the
fount the subdivisions being such that four of them are equal to the em quad. We
designate this system of type by the name "Quadrate" and the subdivisions or parts
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page_text: $6
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of the em quad we term "units"-A character equal to one subdivision we term a
one-unit character, one equal to two subdivisions a two-unit character and so on. The
following examples will serve to illustrate the construction of the type namely, the
lower case "*"
"1"
comma" "Full point" and other thin characters are made
as one-unit characters, the figures and such letters as "a" "b" " "C" "d" and
others nearest in size to the en quad are made as two-unit characters; the lower
case W and "m
as three unit characters; and the capital "W" and other
sorts of similar size as four unit characters--that is equal to the em quad. Space
characters are made equal to one or more units as required. Whenever in this
specification a character is described as being "equal to " one or more subdivisions or
units of an em quad, it is to be understood that it is equal thereto in the sense that
when set up in a line of type it occupies a space therein which is equal to that occupied
by one or more such subdivisions or units as the case may be.
By means of this invention the work of justifying lines of type can be performed
with great facility, rapidity and mathematical accuracy thus:-
:-Two space characters
of different dimensions may be set up between each two words, and then, if a line be
overfilled, as many one-unit space characters may be withdrawn as is necessary for
justifying the line; or some of the two-unit space characters may be withdrawn
instead of the one-unit ones when this is prefereable. For example a line containing
thirteen ems pica would comprise four times that number of units, that is fifty two;
and if in setting up a line, characters were inserted equal in all to fifty four such units,
the removal of two one-unit space characters would exactly justify the line.
The system of type herein described may be used in type setting both by hand and
by machinery and also in Typewriters.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
The construction and use of Printing type on a Quadrate system such that each
letter or type character is equal to one or more equal subdivisions or parts of the em
quad of the fount four of these subdivisions or parts being equal to the em quad
substantially as herein before set forth and for the purposes stated.
Dated this 19th day of October 1889.
HY. C. CARVER,
Agent for Applicants.