CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING, APPLYING, AND CONTROLLING MOTIVE POWER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING AND FORCING OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, WILLIAM
BULLOCK TIBBITS, of Braunston, in the County of Northampton, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Second day of Novem-
ber, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the twelfth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Bullock Tibbits, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William
Bullock Tibbits, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Bullock Tibbits, my exors, adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agrec
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING, APPLYING, AND CONTROLLING MOTIVE
POWER, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE RAISING AND
FORCING OF LIQUIDS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said William Bullock Tibbits, should cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, by, an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next, and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the sanic, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear..

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Bullock Tibbits, hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the present Specification thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Firstly, my Invention, in so far as it relates to the obtaining and applying
of motive power, consists in the improved arrangements for producing a direct
rotary action applicable to the movement of ships, carriages, and other
machines embodied in the rotary engines represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3,
and Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the said Drawings, and next herein-after described,
Figures 1, 2, and 3 representing a single-acting engine, and Figures 4, 5,
and 6 a double-acting one, those parts only of each engine being shewn
which are necessary to a proper understanding of its peculiarities. Figures
1 and 2 are transverse sections, and Figure 3 a side section, of the single-
acting engine. A is an axis on which is mounted a cylinder B, which
rotates within a fixed outer case C of the peculiar eccentric form shewn.
D', D2, D3, D, are four leaves or pistons which are hinged or jointed to four
ribs a, a, a, a, raised on the outside of the cylinder B. F is an induction
passage for the steam, and G the eduction passage. Each quarter of the
cylinder B is bevilled off towards the outside of the parts 61, 62, 63, 6, so that
as these parts come successively over the induction passage F, the steam may
have free access under the leaves or pistons D1, D2, D3, D', but be shut off as
soon as they have completed their transit. The action of the engine is as
follows: Supposing steam to be admitted at b', when the pistons are in the
relative positions shewn in Figure 2, it will force the piston D¹ outwards
against the inner circumference of the case, and, pressing against the rib to
which that piston is attached, imparts a rotary motion to the cylinder B. As
the cylinder advances in its rotary course, the unbevilled part behind 6 comes
over the induction passage F, and shuts off any further supply of steam to the
space behind the piston D¹; but the steam which has been previously admitted
into the said space acts expansively throughout the remainder of the stroke of
that piston, which terminates as soon as it reaches the point d', when the
steam escapes into the eduction passage G, whereupon the piston is gradually
forced by the guide g to recede inwards into the hollow space between the rib
to which it is attached and the next succeeding rib, and becomes flush with
the two ribs, as shewn in Figure 2, in which state it remains until it again
comes over the induction port. The same course of action takes place with
each of the pistons in succession, and so on continuously as long as steam is
supplied. The ribs and pistons come into close contact with the upper part

page_text: of the case as the cylinder revolves (being ground to fit one another truly),
which makes the engine steam-tight at that point.
In Figures 4, 5, and 6, which represent a double-acting engine on the same
plan of construction, the parts are precisely the same as before described, with
this exception, that there are two sets of leaves or pistons D1, D2, D3, D', and
D1, D2, D3, D, hinged or jointed in pairs on to the outside of the cylinder,
which cylinder is bevilled off as before described on one side to admit steam
under one set of pistons, and on the opposite side for the others. The set
D', D, D³, D', are represented as being in action, and the engine as going in
the direction indicated by the arrow z. Steam is admitted by the induction
port F', and escapes by the eduction ports G and G¹, when the engine is
required to be reversed. Steam is admitted at the opposite end of the cylinder
by the port F, and escapes by G and G3, when the set of leaves D', D², D³, D*,
cease to act, and D1, D2, D3, D, are brought into action. An air engine,
to be worked either on the exhausting or compressing systems, may be
also constructed on the same principle as the preceding engines, as exemplified
in Figure 6*..
Secondly, my Invention, in so far as it relates to the applying and controlling
of motive power, consists of a paddle wheel of a new construction, suitable for
the application of the rotary engines before described, or any other description
of steam engine, to the propelling of vessels. Figure 7 is a side elevation of
this wheel; Figure 8, another side elevation; and Figure 9 is a transverse
sectional elevation. H, H, are two side wheels, to the arms of which are
attached a series of oscillating paddles P, P, each of which is provided at both
ends with small friction rollers r, r, which project outwards beyond the arms
of the wheels H, H. K, K, are two hoops or rings of a smaller diameter
than the wheels H, which are placed one on each side of the paddle wheel.
L, L, are two eccentric wheels of the peculiar shape represented in the
Figures 7 and 8, one of which is attached to the side of the vessel, and the
other to the paddle box by the axes M, M, upon which they are free to
oscillate through an are of a circle limited by the opening N, N, which
encircles the main shaft O. The rollers 7, 7, by coming into contact with
these eccentrics and the hoops K, K, give a varying position to the floats or
paddles P, P, so that they shall exert their utmost force when approaching to
and passing the point of deepest immersion, and shall emerge from the water
with as little resistance as may be. Figure 8 represents the eccentric L as
being set in a position for the paddle wheel revolving in the direction of the
To reverse the action of the paddle wheel it will be necessary to
reverse the position of the innermost of the two eccentrics, which should of
course be connected with the reversing action of the engine.
arrows.

page_text: Thirdly, my Invention consists of the two several arrangements for working
breaks, and thereby retarding or arresting the progress of locomotive engines
and carriages, represented in Figure 10, and in Figures 11, 12, and 13. In
the first arrangement (Figure 10) four breaks are applied simultaneously to
two wheels, one in the rear of the other (that is to say), two breaks to each
wheel by the downward pull of a single hand lever A, which has its fulcrum
on the axis A¹. B, D, are the breaks, which are connected together by the
rods C, D, and E, by means of joints or pins. The upper rod C has a guide
pin c at or near its centre, which moves in a vertical slot in the under frame-
work of the carriage; and the middle rod D, which is prolonged beyond the
inner break, and is jointed to one end of the lever A, has an eye or bearing
near its centre which takes upon the axle of the carriage. It will be seen
that when the lever A is upright, the breaks stand clear of the wheels; when,
however, the lever is pulled toward the hinder part of the train or carriage,
the upper portion of the fore break and the lower portion of the hind one rub
upon the periphery of the wheel, at which instant they become self-acting,
and are then made to grip by their own friction until released or the train or
carriage is stopped.
Figures 11 and 12 show another arrangement for stopping the wheels of
carriages. The breaks are represented in Figure 11 as being out of action,
and in Figure 12 as being applied to the wheel. A, A, are the breaks which
are connected by the looped rods B, B, to a double eccentric C, which has its
bearing upon the axle of the carriage. Figure 13 is a section of the eccentric
and the lever D which forms a part of it. When the lever D is pulled to the
right, as in the position represented in Figure 12, the eccentric causes the
breaks to be drawn up against both sides of the wheel at the same time.
And, fourthly, my Invention consists in applying the mode of construction
adopted in the rotary steam engines first herein-before described to the raising
and forcing of liquids. Figure 14 is a sectional end elevation, and Figure 15
a section (on the line a, b, of Figure 14), of a pump suitable for the purpose.
A is the axle of a cylinder B, which revolves eccentrically within an outer
case C, and has projecting ribs a, a, with moveable leaves or pistons D hinged
or jointed to these ribs, all as before described. The only difference is, that
the pistons have guide rollers upon their outer ends which take into a groove
or race f cut out of the side of the external case, and cause them to expand
as the cylinder rotates. S is the up-shaft through which the water rises on a
vacuum being produced in the throat of the pump by the revolution of the
cylinder B; and T is a discharge pipe by which the water, which follows
the course of the ascending pistons, escapes upwards when the piston falls
back on passing the centre into a line with the ribs.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that the improvements which
I claim as constituting the said Invention are as follows:-
First, I claim the obtaining and applying of motive power by the peculiar
arrangement, combination, and adaptation of mechanical parts or means
described under the first head of this Specification.
Second, I claim the paddle wheel herein-before described, in so far as
regards the peculiar arrangement and adaptation of parts of which the same
consists.
Third, I claim the two several arrangements for working the breaks of
locomotive engines and carriages, before described.
And, fourth, I claim the application of parts of my Invention to pumps for
raising and forcing liquids, as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bullock Tibbits, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
LIAM
L.B.) IDDI
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Second day of May, in the
year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid William Bullock Tibbits came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Second day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-nine.