Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1887
Complete Left, 27th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th Apr., 1888
1 REGINALD HADDAN of the firm of Herbert and Co. Patent Agents of 67 Strand,
London in the county of Middlesex Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention a communication to me from abroad by Paul Archat of Paris in the
Republic of France, Electrician to be as follows:-
:-
The improvements hereinafter set forth are most of them, applicable to all gas and
explosive fluid engines. The first improvement relates to the inflammation of the
mixture in the cylinder, this purpose is attained by forcing a jet of flame into the
combustion orifice of the cylinder, by means of a jet of air-Furthermore to augment
the heat of this flame, the air is carburetted before contact with flame. It is com-
pressed by the following means The piston of the engine descending uncovers the
combustion orifice, at this moment a suitable gear upon the engine actuates an air
pump forcing the air through a carburettor against the flame of the combustion orifice
forcing the said flame through the orifice-The flame is a continuously burning
flame and fed in any convenient manner. The second improvement relates to
regulating the motor, this consists in causing the aspiration produced by the more or
less rapid movement of the piston in the cylinder to act upon the mechanism governing
the entrance of the explosive mixture so as regulate the admission of said mixture
according to the speed acquired. Thus at the entrance may be placed a valve adapted
to be more or less raised by the suction of the piston Through this valve or plug is
the passage for admission of the explosive mixture The lower end of the plug-case is
open to the air, and the latter operates to lift the plug-When the plug is entirely
lifted entrance of explosive mixture entirely ceases and atmospheric air enters the
cylinder The plug is retained by a spring the tension of which is so regulated that
explosive mixture and air are admitted in proportions of greater or less strength
according to the low or high rate of speed of the engine. A third improvement
consists in the manner of heating the carburettor This is effected by placing the same
over the burner of combustion, and in contact with the cylinder, the air to be
carburetted is also heated by being passed around the chimney of said burner. Means
for retaining a constant level of liquid in the carburettor constitute the fourth improve..
ment The carburettor is fed from a vessel communicating therewith at the bottom,
thus the level of liquid in the carburettor and that in the vessel will be the same, the

page_text: tank or can of liquid is placed above the vessel and connected therewith by a pipe
passing down into said vessel to the desired level. The tank is otherwise closed at all
parts against the air; the liquid can therefore only flow therefrom into the vessel
when a corresponding amount of air can pass through the pipe into the tank, which
can only occur when the lower end of said pipe is above the level of the liquid in the
vessel. The level in said vessel is therefore normally kept even with the lower end of
said tube. An overflow pipe is however arranged in case the liquid should rise above
the desired level from any cause. The last improvement relates to the lubrication of
the joint of the connecting rod with the piston. This improvement is applicable to
inverted cylinder engines and is performed as follows; around and above this
joint is suspended a ring which dips into an oil reservoir when the piston is in its
lowest position-The bottom of said reservoir is an inclined plane and lifts the said
ring obliquely at each contact, at the same time giving it a small amount of circular
movement, which operates the lubrication of the joint Similarly to lubricate the
cylinder and piston the edge of the latter is caused to touch when in its lowest position
a ring shaped vessel of oil.

page_text: Improvements in Gas, Petroleum, and other Hydrocarbon Engines.
I, REGINALD HADDAN of the firm of Herbert & Co. Patent Agents of 18 Bucking-
ham Street Strand W.C. London in the County of Middlesex Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention a communication to me from abroad by
Paul Archat of Paris in the Republic of France Electrician and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
This invention relates to engines driven or actuated by explosive gas or fluid and
consists in certain improvements hereinafter described-The first improvement relates
to the ignition of the explosive mixture in the cylinder of the engine and its purpose
is to render the ignition more certain-A second improvement relates to the
regulating of the speed and consists in causing the aspiration produced by the travel
of the piston to control the entrance of explosive mixture into the cylinder by means
of suitable mechanism-A third improvement relates to the feed of liquid hydro-
carbon to the carburettor and consists in the novel arrangement or combination of
parts hereinafter set forth whereby a constant level of liquid is maintained in the
carburettor A fourth improvement consists in the manner of heating the carburettor
for the purpose of vaporising the hydrocarbon and facilitating the carburetting of the
air-A further improvement relates more particularly to engines of the vertical
inverted cylinder class in which the piston head is connected by a pitman to the crank,
and it consists in an improved method of, or means for, lubricating the joint of the
pitman and cylinder head.
In describing the improvements, the same will be shown as applied to engines of
that class just named although the first mentioned improvements are applicable
also to other classes of engines driven by gas or explosive fluid.
Reference being made to the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 shows an inverted
vertical cylinder engine, in vertical section, with the improvements applied thereto-
Figs. 2 to 7 show in section sundry details and modifications hereinafter explained.
Cis the cylinder and P is the piston head or plunger reciprocating vertically
therein-B is the pitman pivoted by a wrist pin or bolt to the piston P at one end,
and to the wrist pin on the crank of the main shaft at the other end-V is the fly
wheel on the main shaft. In the cylinder head are the inlet valve I and outlet
valvo E. The inlet valve is closed by a spring so that it is opened by suction of
the piston-The outlet valve E is opened at the desired moment by the depression
of the bar T by the cam c on the main shaft. The bar T is guided upon a pin
or bolt projecting from the cylinder head, and by the main shaft about which its
lower end is shaped to lie as shown. A roller G carried on a gudgeon projecting
laterally from the bar brings the latter under the control of the cam c, and a spring Ri
encircling the guiding pin aforesaid holds the bar upward so that the roller & is
held in contact with the cam.

page_text: If the valve E is not to be opened during alternate stokes or if it is to be opened
out for a part of such strokes the cam c is placed upon a secondary shaft driven from
he main shaft at, for instance, half the speed of the latter, then, unless the cam c be
varied in shape, the valve E will only be opened for each alternate stroke.
The explosive mixture arrives already prepared through the valve I, such
mixture consisting of air and gas, or of carburetted air or air which contains
vapors of petroleum or other explosive matters derived during the passage of the
air through a carburettor containing petroleum or suitable liquid.
For the ignition of the gas in the cylinder (of motors acting without preliminary
compression) a flame is projected by another jet so as to open the igniting valve
and thus cause ignition of the gas in the cylinder more certainly than is the case
with such engines in which the suction of the piston draws in the flame-To
increase the heat of the flame and consequently the certainty of ignition the
deflecting jet is a jet of carburetted air and instead of being continuous is
produced intermittently and projected into the ignition orifice of the cylinder
exactly at the moment when the ignition is to take place. For this purpose the
mechanism hereinafter described or any other giving like results may be employed.
In the cylinder wall is an orifice closed by a trap valve and opposite to this
orifice is a directing pipe or nozzle d. Behind the nozzle is a continuous burning
lamp m and behind the flame of the lamp, a jet d. On the rod I is an arm t and in
convenient position with regard thereto is fixed the bellows or air pump S, so that
the lifting of the rod T shall operate the bellows and cause the air therein to
traverse a small carburettor a connected thereto by pipe s, and pass to the jet d.
The carburetted air issuing from the jet d is inflamed by the lamp m and the flame
under influence of its direction and force enters the orifice and ignites the gas
in the cylinder The bellows or pump S is provided with a spring in its interior
or otherwise whereby it is distended when released from the pressure of the arm t.
The lamp m may be fed in any convenient manner, thus in Fig. 2 the wick dips
into the liquid in the carburettor, and is compressed and held in a suitable burner
plate so that the carburetted air in the carburettor cannot pass to the flame of
the lamp or be inflamed thereby-At such time however when the carburetted air
is driven by pressure from the carburettor through the jet d, some of the air may
escape through the wick and such air will serve to increase the flame of the lamp.
thus favouring the ignition of the air issuing from the jet d. The flame from the jet d
may be projected straight into the orifice? or preferably obliquely so that the small
escape of gas occuring from the orifice i at the time of the explosion in the cylinder
may not tend to extinguish the lamp m, the latter being thus placed out of the line of
such explosion The igniting jet is caused to pass through the conical nozzle d¹
whereby it is kept from spreading and a certain amount of atmospheric air is drawn
into it so that its combustion is increased-The details and arrangement shown may
however be varied provided that the principle of the improvement be preserved
that is to say the ignition of the explosive gas in the cylinder by means of an
intermittent inflamed jet projected into the igniting orifice of the cylinder at such
time as the explosion is to take place.
The governing of the speed of the engine is attained by causing the suction
produced by the piston in the cylinder to regulate the admission of explosive mixture
that is to say of inflammable gas and atmospheric air or of carburetted air and
atmospheric air, into the cylinder-For this purpose the cylinder of the engine is
in communication with the atmosphere and with the carburettor or reservoir
supplying explosive gas, through a suitable valve by means of which-firstly, when
the speed of the piston and consequently the suction produced thereby is increased,
the admission of inflammable gas or carburetted air into the cylinder is diminished
or stopped, or the admission of atmospheric air is increased, or both these effects
are simultaneously produced, and, secondly, when the speed of the piston is
liminished and consequently the suction is not so great, the admission of inflammable
gas or carburetted air into the cylinder is commenced or increased, or the admission
of atmospheric air is diminished, or, both these effects are simultaneously produced.

page_text: The following are some of the forms in which such a valve may be constructed.
Fig. 3 represents a cylinder R having three orifices, the uppermost orifice I' is in
communication with the inlet valve I of the cylinder. The centre orifice O is open
to the atmospheric air and the lowermost orifice O¹ communicates with the
carburettor A or source of explosive gas-In the cylinder R slides a hollow plunger r
closed below and open above and in the wall of said plunger are two orifices o
and The orifice o¹ being so placed that it is in full communication with
the orifice O when the plunger is in its lowest position, and the orifice o being so
placed that when the plunger. rises in the cylinder R to such height as to close the
orifice O¹ the orifice o may be in full communication with the air inlet O-A seat is
provided for the base of the plunger when the latter is in its lowest position, and
openings are made in the base of the cylinder R so that the plunger shall be operated
by atmospheric pressure-The upper end of the cylinder R is closed by a cap which
may be rotary or be traversed by a rotary spindle having a feather g engaging in a slot
in the wall of the plunger and having an exterior lever handle M whereby it may be
turned-When the piston P commences to draw, the pressure in the valve R diminishes
and becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure, when the difference between the
atmospheric pressure and the interior pressure in the valve exceeds the weight of the
plunger, supplemented if desired by spring, the plunger rises in the cylinder R
and the inlet O is more or less closed while the inlet O is more or less opened,
atmospheric air entering the valve together with the explosive mixture and therefore
diluting the latter in a ratio increasing according to the speed of the piston P. The
speed of the engine may be regulated to the desired amount or the engine may be
stopped by turning the plunger in the cylinder R so that the relative positions of the
orifices O¹ and Oo are changed, so that both are more or less closed or but partially
opened during the rise and fall of the plunger.
If it is only desired to regulate the admission of gas or carburetted air according
to the speed of the engine, leaving the admission of air a predetermined unaltered
amount, the latter is provided with a suitable cock whereby it may be regulated when
desired by hand, and the plunger extends only over the orifice O¹ being provided
with the orifice o corresponding thereto.
Furthermore the admission of explosive gas or carburetted air may be rendered
adjustable by hand so that its admission may be constant, and the admission of
atmospheric air may be automatically governed by the speed of the piston P'. This
may be effected for instance by admitting air at Of Fig. 4 and gas at 0.
The arrangement shown in Fig. 5 permits of a rapid and complete closing of the
orifice for admission of gas or carburetted air. The cylinder R is divided by a
diaphragm having an orifice O' therein, and the piston carries a plug adapted to
close said orifice when the piston rises-The piston rises when the excess of atmo-
spheric pressure over that existing in the cylinder is greater than the weight of the
piston and pressure of spring (the latter being adjustable)-The entrance of gas
or carburetted air ceases, and atmospheric air only passes into the cylinder C
Fig. 6 shows a substantially similar arrangement, in which however atmospheric
pressure does not play any direct part-The orifice o' is closed when the suction of
the piston is too rapid or powerful.
Fig. 7 shows a valve of similar action but of different form of construction. Here
the drums or cylinders R r are arranged one within the other the latter to revolve in
the former, and the various orifices are relatively arranged in the plane of rotation of
the plunger Thus R is a drum or cylinder closed at both ends having the
orifices 0 arranged in its circumference. The plunger is likewise a drum
which may be closed at both ends, having an outer wall and a central circular core or
wall-Part of the upper and lower faces of the drum r and of the outer wall thereof
are cut away opposite to the orifice I' and a rib L integral with the outer drum R
extends from near said orifice to the inner wall of the drum -An orifice K is placed
in the wall of the drum k near the partition L on the side remote from the
orifice I which is on the other side of said partition-The drum is closed near the
orifice K by a wall Q but is open on the other side of the partition L towards the

page_text: orifice I-The orifices o' o are arranged in the wall of the drum so that they may
operate substantially as before described-The drum may be pivoted on a spindle
traversing the drum R. Atmospheric air enters at K an 1 operates on the base Q. of
the plunger or drum the operation of the valve being as before described, a spring
(not shown in the drawing) is arranged to return the drum into the position shown
in the Figure. This form of valve has the advantage that the drum r being counter-
balanced by the nature of its construction, the action of the valve is not liable to be
disturbed by jolting etc., so that an engine provided with this valve is suitable for
the driving of vehicles where ball governors cannot be conveniently employed. Any
other construction of valve may be employed which shall fulfil the conditions hereto-
fore pointed out.
The following is the arrangement employed for preserving a constant level of
petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon in the carburettor―The carburettor A is in
communication with a vessel N through a pipe n so that the level of liquid in the
carburettor shall be the same as that in the vessel N-Above the latter is a
receptacle B¹ being a reservoir or jar of the hydrocarbon-The neck of the jar B¹
dips into the vessel N to the depth of the level to be maintained. A Pipe n termi-
nating in the vessels N a little above the level required, serves as an overflow in case
the liquid should rise in the vessel N for any reason, for carrying such excess into the
receptacle b. The carburettor a whose purpose has been before described may be
alimented in the same manner as the carburettor A and may be placed within the
latter as shown in Fig. 1. Since at certain times a pressure of air exists in the
carburettor a a trap or puppet valve may be provided at the liquid inlet to prevent
return of the liquid out of the carburettor under the excess of air pressure.
To facilitate the evaporation of the hydrocarbon in the carburettor, use is made of
the heat given out by the lamp m. This may be attained by placing the lamp below
the carburettor or by causing the air entering the carburettor to be heated by said
lamp. A chimney f. is provided above the lamp min the manner shown in Fig. 1 and
the products of combustion from the flame of the lamp pass up and escape through
said chimney. The chimney is surrounded by a larger pipe F open above and
forming an annular space about said chimney. Air entering this space is heated and is
drawn down into the carburettor through pipe D.
For the purpose of lubricating the connection between the pitman B and piston
head Cone or more rings of large diameter are hung freely on the pin connecting
the piston head and pitman-Below the piston are placed an oil cup or cups H in
such position that when the piston is in its lowest position the ring or rings h shall
dip partly into the oil in the cup or cups H. The floor of each cup H is inclined so
that the ring harriving against the floor of the cup is lifted obliquely thereby and
therefore moved circularly about the pin for a short distance each stroke, carrying the
oil onto the pin or joint-The cup H may have an annular portion into which the
lower rim of the plunger P may dip when at the lowest point of its stroke, the rim
being permitted to descend a little below the rim of the cylinder C. The cup H is of
such shape to permit of the free passage of the pitman B.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manuer the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;
1). In gas and hydrocarbon engines, the ignition of the explosive mixture in the
cylinder by a jet of inflamed carburetted air directed or projected into the igniting
orifice of the cylinder.
2). In gas and hydrocarbon engines the ignition of the explosive mixture in the
cylinder by an intermittent jet of carburetted air or other combustible fluid projected
obliquely into the igniting orifice of the cylinder.
3). The combination with a cylinder having orifice i, a lamp m, a jet nozzle d,
a carburettor a, bellows or equivalent S substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.

page_text: 4). The combination with lamp m and nozzle d of a conical nozzle d' substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
5). In gas and hydrocarbon engines the automatic regulating or governing of the
speed by utilizing the suction produced by the piston for regulating the admission
of explosive or inflammable gas, or of atmospheric air, or of both into the cylinder.
6). The combination in a valve of a piston or equivalent adapted to be moved by
suction of piston P and inlets for gas, or for air, or for air and gas adapted to be
closed or opened by said piston said inlets being arranged substantially as set forth.
7). The combination of cylinder R orifices 10 0₁, therein said cylinder closed
above and open below, plunger closed below orifices o o' in said plunger, feather
and lever handle or equivalent M, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
g
8). The combination of drum R having orifices I¹ O O' K, partition L, drum r
having orifices o o' and wall Q substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
9). The combination with a carburettor, of vessel N, pipe n connecting said vessel
and carburettor and inverted receptacle B¹ open below into said vessel at the level to
be maintained substantially as set forth.
10). The combination with a lamp m of a chimney f. outer tube F, about said
chimney and carburettor A substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
11). In an inverted vertical cylinder engine having plunger P and pitman B,
the combination of rings with oil cup H substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.