IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING, TREATING, PRESERVING, COOLING, WITHDRAWING, AND CONVEYING FERMENTABLE AND AERATED BEVERAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hamilton and Robert Paterson, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING, TREATING,
PRESERVING, COOLING, WITHDRAWING, AND CONVEYING FERMENTABLE AND
AERATED BEVERAGES,"
Sealed the 29th June 1869, and dated the 2. th March 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hamilton and
Robert Paterson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th March 1869.
We, JOHN HAMILTON and ROBERT PATERSON, both of Glasgow, in
the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING
TREATING, PRESERVING, COOLING, WITHDRAWING, AND CONVEYING FERMENTABLE
AND AERATED BEVERAGES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention comprises various improvements in apparatus for
containing, treating, preserving, cooling, withdrawing, and conveying
fermentable and aerated beverages.

page_text: great
One modification of the apparatus is designed for supplying carbonic
acid gas to casks or other vessels containing beer or similar fermentable
beverages just in proportion to the withdrawal of the liquid, whereby the
beer will be preserved from the injurious contact of atmospheric air until
the vessel is emptied, and will be kept in good condition for
length of time. Or its condition may be improved by the introduction
of carbonic acid gas in this way. The apparatus for supplying the
carbonic acid gas in this way comprises four vessels, three of which are
tightly closed excepting certain tube connections herein-after referred to.
One of the vessels is open, and has hydrochloric or other suitable inex-
pensive acid put into it, and this acid finds its way down by a tube to the
bottom of the second vessel, which latter is placed at a lower level. In the
second vessel there is a perforated cup made of lead or other material not
acted on by the acid for containing carbonate of lime or other carbonate.
On the acid rising high enough in the vessel to reach the carbonate
it causes carbonic acid gas to be disengaged, which passes off from the
top by a tube leading it to the top of the third vessel. The third vessel
is partly filled with water, and communicates by a tube opening near the
bottom of the vessel and leading to the lower part of the fourth vessel
which is at a higher level. From the top of the fourth vessel a tube
leads to the cask or vessel containing the beer, which must be closed as
air-tight as possible. When the apparatus is at rest the internal pressure
of the gas and the column of water between the third and fourth vessels
keep the acid so much out of the second vessel as not to touch the
carbonate, and there is no disengagement of gas; but on beer being
withdrawn from the cask by a tap the internal pressure thereby becomes
reduced, the acid flows into the second vessel so as to reach the carbonate
and disengages gas until by the restoration of the pressure it is made to
again recede.
In another modification of the improved apparatus a vessel of peculiar
construction is used for containing the beer or other beverage. In one
form it is a vertical cylinder, but it may be of any convenient horizontal
section. A ram or plunger of a corresponding form is fitted to work
within it, and a tight connection is made by using what is known as a
"rolling packing" ring of rubber. A pipe fixed in the plunger com-
municates with the interior, and rising up vertically has a stop-cock and
funnel at its upper end, whilst a branch with a stop-cock proceeds from
a point on it just below the funnel stop-cock for withdrawing the beer or
other beverage by. The vessel is filled by the funnel, and on the plunger

page_text: rising to a certain position a lever on the stop-cock plug comes into con-
tact with an incline on a part of the framing and is thereby closed. If
the plunger rises further from the disengagement of gas after being filled
the plug lever encounters a second incline which opens it and allows the
excess of gas to escape. Weights are put into or upon the plunger so as
to exert on the beer or other beverage a greater than the atmospheric
pressure either for improving the condition of the beverage or for causing
it to rise up a discharge pipe carried to a higher level than that where
the vessel is situated. With the arrangements herein-before described
the beverage is withdrawn from its upper surface so that it is always the
purest and clearest which comes first, and the withdrawal of a quantity
produces no such disturbance as takes place in ordinary casks and
arrests the deposit of suspended impurities. The vessel is by preference
made to consist of a shell of brass, tined iron, or other metal lined with
Portland cement or other suitable earthen compound. The plunger also
consists of a shell of metal with a coating of earthen compound.
The provision herein-before referred to for causing pressure to act on
the beverage contained in the vessel admits of carbonic acid gas being
injected into the beverage by a pump or otherwise up to a pressure
determined by the weights applied, for aerating or improving the
beverage. The injection may be effected through a plug hole or tap
provided at the bottom of the vessel for withdrawing sediment or dregs.
When provision for cooling the beverage is required a covering of cloth
is applied round the vessel and gutters are arranged at the top and
bottom. The upper gutter is made to nip the cloth, but not so tightly
as to prevent water put into it from slowly passing down the cloth and
keeping it moist so that the consequent evaporation may have its well
known cooling effect. The gutter at the bottom is simply to catch the
water dripping from the cloth.
The various parts of the apparatus are obviously susceptible of modifi-
cation. Thus, the plunger may be fixed and the outer vessel be made
movable, and when to be used for aerated water or other beverages not
liable to deposit impurities the communication for filling and emptying
may be made with either the bottom or the top. The pressure may be
applied by means of springs instead of weights.
For conveying beverages, as, for example, when taking beer from a
brewery to the consumers' premises a portable collapsable vessel con-
structed as herein-before described, and of a moder itely large size, is

page_text: mounted on wheels, and is provided with flexible tubing for delivering
its contents in portions as required into collapsable holding vessels or
into ordinary casks or barrels in the consumers' cellars.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Hamilton and Robert Paterson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HAMILTON and ROBERT PATERSON, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said John Hamilton and Robert
Paterson, Her special licence that we, the said John Hamilton and
Robert Paterson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said John Hamilton and Robert Paterson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING, TREATING, PRESERVING COOLING
WITHDRAWING, AND CONVEYING FERMENTABLE AND AERATED BEVERAGES."
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Hamilton,
and Robert Paterson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Hamilton and Robert
Paterson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in

page_text: what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention comprises various improvements in apparatus for
containing, treating, preserving, cooling, withdrawing, and conveying
fermentable and aerated beverages.
The first part of the Invention relates to apparatus for supplying
carbonic acid gas to casks or other vessels containing beer or similar
fermentable beverages; and the second part of the Invention relates
mainly to collapsable vessels of a peculiar construction for containing
fermentable or aerated beverages.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended four
Sheets of explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, there being
represented on Sheet 1 of the said Drawings an example of apparatus
constructed according to the first part of the Invention, whilst on the
other three Sheets are shown some of the numerous modifications of
apparatus which may be constructed according to the second part of the
Invention.
In all the Drawings the same reference letters and numerals are used
to mark the same or like parts in all the Figures in which they occnr;
this method being adopted not only to prevent confusion, but also to
allow of repetitions of the descriptions of such parts being dispensed
with.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the Drawings is a vertical section of our
improved apparatus for supplying carbonic acid gas, and Figure 2 is a
corresponding elevation of the apparatus as turned one quarter round.
This apparatus supplies the gas to casks or other vessels containing beer
or similar fermentable beverages just in proportion to the withdrawal
of the liquid, whereby the beer will be preserved from the injurious
contact of atmospheric air until the vessel is emptied, and will be kept in
good condition for a great length of time; or its condition may be
improved by the introduction of carbonic acid gas in this way.
The apparatus comprises four vessels A, B, C, D, held by cast-iron
plates E, F, fixed upon a standard G, three, B, C, D, of these vessels
being tightly closed, excepting certain tube connections herein-after
referred to. The three vessels last referred to are by preference of glass,
being held firmly, one of them, D, on the top of the plate E, and the

page_text: other two, B, C, against the under side of the plate F by means of
separate plates e, f, and screwed rods g, whilst rubber is interposed at
the edges of the glass vessels to make tight joints, and between their
ends and the holding plates e, f, to avoid breakage. The surfaces of the
plates E, F, included within the vessels B, C, D, are lined with lead or
other suitable metal not easily acted on by acids, and the various tube
connections are passed through and soldered to these linings and are of
similar metal. One, A, of the vessels is of lead or other metal not easily
acted on by acids, and it is open, and has hydrochloric or other suitable
inexpensive acid put into it, and this acid finds its way down by a
tube H to the bottom of the second vessel B. In the second vessel B
there is a perforated cup I of lead or similar metal for containing car-
bonate of lime or other carbonate, and on the acid rising high enough
to reach the carbonate it causes carbonic acid gas to be disengaged.
This gas passes off from the top by a tube K leading it to the top of
the third vessel C, which is at starting filled or partly filled with water,
and which communicates by a tube L opening near the bottom of the
vessel, and leading up to the lower part of the fourth vessel D, which
is at a higher level. The gas at first forces the water from the third
vessel C by the tube L up to the fourth vessel D, and then bubbles up
through the water to the top of the latter vessel and passes off by a
tube M, to the end of which is to be attached the flexible or other pipe
When the apparatus
leading to the cask or vessel containing the beer.
is at rest the internal pressure of the gas and the column of water between
the third and fourth vessels C, D, keep the acid so much out of the
second vessel B as not to touch the carbonate in the cup I, and there is
no disengagement of gas; but on beer being withdrawn from the cask
(which cask must be closed as air-tight as possible) the internal pressure
thereby becomes reduced, the acid flows into the second vessel B, so as
to reach the carbonate, and disengages gas until by the restoration of
the pressure it is made to again recede. The pressure of the gas depends
on the columns of liquid in the tubes H, L, and upper vessels A, D,
and different pressures may be obtained by fitting the upper vessels A, D,
at different heights above the lower vessels B, C.
Our improved collapsable vessel for containing and otherwise dealing
with fermentable beverages comprises under all its modifications an
outer vessel within which there is a ram or plunger in one or more
separate lengths, tight connections being made between the vessel and
ram and between the separate parts, if any, of the latter by using

page_text: in each case what is known as a "rolling packing" ring of rubber.
The apparatus may be made of any suitable material or materials, and
the vessel may be shaped of any convenient transverse section, having a
curved outline, or an outline that is partly curved and partly straight,
but without angles. A cylindrical form, that is, one having a circular
section, is however the simplest and best, and the one we have adopted
in all the modifications shown in the accompanying Drawings. The
cylindrical vessel may be placed vertically, horizontally, or in any other
convenient position; and either the outer vessel or the ram may be
stationary, the other being movable, the first of these arrangements being,
however, the more convenient, and the one which we adopt.
We have represented the several modifications as furnished with
various accessory details, with reference to which we would here remark
that any such detail may be applied when suitable in other modifications
besides those in which it is shown.
Modification No. 1 is represented in vertical section in Figure 3
on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, whilst Figure 4 is a
corresponding plan. The outer vessel 1 is a vertical cylinder and has
working within it a ram or plunger 2 of a corresponding form. The
cylinder consists of a shell of sheet iron or tinned plate lined with
Portland cement 3, or other suitable earthen compound, and the ram 2
also consists of a sheet iron shell with a coating 4 of earthen compound.
The upper part of the cylinder lining 3 is made thinner than the
lower part so as to leave an annular space 5 for the rubber packing
ring 6, which is put in in a compressed state. As the ram 2, which is
shown in its lowest position, is moved up, the rubber ring 6 rolls between
it and the side of the cylinder, maintaining a tight joint throughout.
The rubber ring 6 travels half the distance moved through by the ram 6,
and its movement upwards is limited by a flange or ring 7 fixed on the
top edge of the cylinder, whilst the shoulder 8 of the lining 3 limits its
downward movement, whence it follows that its position is corrected
every time the ram 2 is moved fully up or down notwithstanding any
slight deviations from its proper position when the ram is in intermediate
positions. This mode of limiting the travel of the rubber ring 6 by
stops, flanges, or shoulders 7, 8, in the cylinder or outer vessel 1 is better
than fitting stops for that purpose on the ram 2, as when the vessel
is full the outer stop 7 effectually prevents any further outward movement

page_text: of the ring that internal pressure might tend to cause, whereas a
corresponding stop on the ram would be inside of or below the ring and
could not hold it back. A stop or flange round the inner end of the
ram would also prevent the vessel from being as completely emptied
as with the arrangement shown. A pipe 9 fixed in the top of the ram 2
communicates with the interior of the vessel by a passage 10 extending
to the bottom or inner end of the ram, and this pipe 9 rising up vertically
has a stop-cock 11 and funnel 12 at its upper end, whilst a branch 13
with a stop-cock 14 proceeds from a point on it just below the funnel
stop-cock 11 for withdrawing the beer or other beverage by. The vessel
is filled by the funnel 12 and the ram 2 rises as the filling proceeds; its
upper end, which is fitted with a cast-iron ring 15 formed with eyes or
lugs, is guided by three rods 16, which are fixed at their lower ends in
the top of the cylinder 1 and are connected and steadied at their upper
ends by a ring or crown 17. On the ram 2 approaching its highest
position a lever 18 on the plug of the funnel stop-cock 11 comes into
contact with an incline and is thereby closed. This incline is on a
cross piece 19 forming part of the crown 17 and shown detached and as
projected from Figure 4, the lower side of it being towards the left hand
in the Drawing. Two inclines are formed on this cross piece 19, and the
pin of the lever 18 first comes in contact with the lower incline at about
the point 20, the continued rising of the ram causing it to move to 21
which closes the stop-cock. Then if gas is disengaged from the beverage
after it is filled in it causes the ram 2 to rise further, the pin of the
lever 18 at length coming into contact with the upper reversed incline,
which causes the lever to turn over until the pin reaches perhaps the
point 2, when the stop-cock will open and allow the surplus gas to
escape. The pressure being thereby relieved the ram will descend and
the stop-cock will be closed again. With the arrangements just described
the beverage is withdrawn from its upper surface by the stop-cock 14
so that it is always the purest and clearest that comes first, and the
withdrawal of a quantity produces no such disturbance as takes place in
ordinary casks and arrests the deposit of suspended impurities. If the
ram 2 is not itself heavy enough weights or springs must be applied to i
to produce the pressure necessary for discharging the contents. A1
outlet 23 and stop-cock 24 is provided at the bottom of the cylinder
for withdrawing sediment or dregs, and this stop-cock may be used fo
injecting carbonic acid gas by a pump or otherwise for aerating o

page_text: improving the beverage. When the gas is injected in this way a
sufficient downward pressure must be applied to the ram 2. by weights
or otherwise to meet the internal pressure which it is desired to maintain,
and in order to promote the diffusion and proper intermingling of the
gas throughout the beverage, a sheet of perforated metal or wire gauze
may be placed in the bottom of the cylinder for the gas to pass through
and to be thereby subdivided. When filling the vessel it is desirable
to remove atmospheric air from the interior as completely as possible,
and for this purpose we apply a small float valve 25, the box and tube
of which is screwed into the cylinder 1 just above the shoulder or lower
stop 8 of the rubber ring 6. On beginning to fill the pressure of the
beverage forces out at this valve any air or gas there may be in the
interior, and any mixing together of the beverage and air is thus avoided;
but as soon as the beverage itself reaches the valve it floats up and
closes it against its upper seat. The valve also prevents the entrance of
air should there be a partial vacuum inside, by closing against its bottom
seat.
Modification No. is shown in vertical section in Figure 5, whilst
a vertical section of the stop-cock details as at right angles to
Figure 5 is shown in Figure 6. The cylinder 1 and ram 2 are supposed
to be made of pewter and without the lining and coating of cement.
The shoulder or bottom stop 8 for the rubber ring 6 is formed on an
inner shell 26. A single central rod or bar 16 fixed in the bottom
guides the ram 2, which is formed with a central tube 10 working on
the bar 16, and also serving as the inlet and outlet for the beverage.
Figure 7 is a cross section of the tube 10 and bar 16, and shows how
the latter is formed with three grooves for the passage of the beverage.
The funnel stop-cock 11 is fitted with an external handle 27 and with
a lever 18 internally to be acted upon by the movement of the ram 2.
A rod 28 jointed at its upper end to the lever 18 passes down the tube
10 and has a head fixed on its lower end, which on the ram rising
eventually comes into contact with a lip or flange 29 formed for the
purpose on the upper end of the bar 16 and causes the stop-cock to be
closed. When the stop-cock closes in this way neither the ram 2 nor
the rubber ring 6 are quite at the upper ends of their strokes, and the
ram can rise a little further should gas be disengaged internally, which
action will cause the stop-cock lever 18 to be turned down a little
further, and this will bring a small hole 30 in the plug into a position

page_text: to allow gas to escape. After the gas escapes a spring 31 fixed
externally for the handle 27 to press against returns the stop-cock to
its closed position. The stop-cock 11 is constructed in a spherical box
32, in which a passage 33 is formed leading from the bottom of the
funnel 12 to the stop-cock, whilst a second passage 34 is formed siphon-
wise from the stop-cock to the upper part of the box 32, and has an
opening at its top through which the beverage overflows into the box
-and thence passes down the tube 10. This construction causes the
stop-cock 11 to. be always full of liquid and the leakage of gas is thereby
more completely prevented.
This modification (No. 2) of our apparatus is shown as furnished with
a provision for cooling the contained beverage.
It consists of a covering
of cloth a shown in red applied round the cylinder 1, whilst a gutter b
is fixed round the upper part so as to nip the cloth, but not, so tightly
as to prevent water put into it from slowly passing down and keeping
the cloth continually moist so that the consequent evaporation may
have its well known cooling effect. The water dripping from the cloth
may be caught in a gutter fixed round the bottom or in a dish c in
which the cylinder is set. The rubber packing ring 6 is shown as solid
in all the modifications of apparatus, but it may be made with a small
hollow core, as shown separately in Figure 8.
Figure 9 is a vertical section of a valve that may he substituted for
the modifications of funnel stop-cock (11) herein-before described. The
tube 10 is continued up to a cup or funnel 12 into which the beverage
is poured when filling the cylinder, and a little below the cup two
enlargements 35, 36, are formed on it. The valve piece is a plug 37 of
rubber which fits tightly in the contracted part or the tube between the
two enlargements, but when it is in either of them it allows fluid to
pass easily.
The plug 37 is fixed at the upper end of a rod 28 which is
acted on like the corresponding rod described with reference to Figure 5,
and this rod is connected by a link 38 to a spring 39 held in the
inside of a cap 40 which is hinged to the cup or funnel 12. On the
cylinder becoming full the plug 37 is pulled down and closes. the
passage, and on the cap 40 being turned down the plug is pushed
down through the contraction into the position iudicated in dotted
lines. Then if gas is disengaged it causes the ram to rise, and the
plug is thereby pulled down a little further into the lower enlargement

page_text: 36, whereupon the gas escapes and the spring 39 afterwards causes the
plug to rise again and close the passage.
Modification No. 3 is shown in vertical section in Figure 10, and
Figure 11 is a half plan of the top. Both cylinder 1 and ram 2 are
strong iron castings, the former having a lining 3 and the latter a coating
4 of cement. A cast-iron head 41 is bolted to the cylinder after the
ram and other internal details are introduced, and on the top of this head
there is bolted a cover 42, and the whole may in some cases be closed in
air-tight. The ram is formed with a central inlet and outlet tube 10,
but this tube communicates with the top of a tube 43 which is fixed in
the bottom of the cylinder 1, and which is connected by a horizontal
branch 44 with a vertical pipe 45 at the side. This side pipe is fitted
with three stop-cocks, one 11 being at the top where a flexible pipe may
be coupled on for filling in the beverage, a second one 14 being situated
a little lower down for withdrawing the beverage, whilst a small one 46
is fitted at the bottom for emptying the pipes 43, 44, 45, when desired.
A screw spindle 47 is connected to the top of the central pipe 10 of
the ram 2 and passing through the cover 42 is tapped through the eye
of a hand wheel 48, by turning which the spindle can be raised or
lowered. With these appliances the ram 2 can be made to act like
the piston of a pump so as to draw in the beverage from a lower level,
if required, so as to force it out to a higher level. Also if the head
41 is closed air-tight, air or water under pressure may be introduced by
a stop-cock 19 into the space above the ram 2 to force the beverage
out and to a higher level if required. The stup-cock 49 also serves to
regulate the escape of air when the cylinder is being filled. A small
stop-cock 50 is applied for letting out any air that may be in the interior
when beginning to fill the cylinder. An escape valve 51 is fitted in the
top of the central tube 10 of the ram 2 to let out carbonic acid gas when
disengaged in the interior, and consists of a small tube working in a
hole bored in a piece 52 screwed to the top of the tube 10, and which
also serves for the connection of the screw spindle 47. The valve tube
has a head at each end, the bottom one being screwed on, and between
these heads and the piece 52 there are rubber washers, the lower one
being a deep one. When the gas attaius sufficient pressure it forces up the
tube 51, compressing the lower rubber washer until an aperture in the side
of the tube gets outside of the hole in the piece 52, whereupon the gas
escapes and the valve afterwards closes.

page_text: Modification ¡No. 4 is shown in a vertical section in Figure 12 on
Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings. It is supposed to be made of
tinned sheet iron but without cement linings. The arrangement of the
inlet and outlet passage is to some extent like that of modification No. 3,
and the construction, although slightly different, will be easily under-
stood from the Drawing. A nozzle 53 is fitted to the vertical side pipe
45, and can be closed by a screw cap 54, which is arranged so as. also to
close an outlet 55 for air. When filling, the vessel is laid on its side
with the nozzle 53 uppermost, and a flexible pipe is applied to the
nozzle. For withdrawing the beverage a stop-cock 14 is screwed on the
nozzle (as shown in Figure 14) in place of the cap 54. This modification
is designed for using compressed air above the ram 2, and a simple
pump 56 for compressing the air is fixed in the cover 42. This pump
comprises a hollow plunger 56 working in a barrel 57 and fitted with a
handle 53, the valves being arranged upon the bottoms of the plunger
and barrel, as shown in the inverted plan Figure 13, whilst a "rolling
packing" ring 6 is applied between the plunger and barrel. For the
valves two strips 59 of parchment or rubber are fixed across the under
side of the bottom of the plunger or barrel, the parts whereof under
the strips included within the dotted lines are perforated with small
holes. When the air presses downwards it passes through the perforations
and escapes from under the parchment strips, but when pressing
upwards the strips close the perforations. The cover 42 is made tight
by a rubber ring 60 and is held by a screw 61, which is tapped into the
central boss of a frame piece 62, and this last is held by segmental
catch pieces 63 fixed just inside the rim of the cylinder, its periphery
being notched or indented so that it can be entered under them after
the manner of a bayonet joint. A tube 64 is fixed in the boss of the
frame piece 62 to serve as a guide for th central tube 10 of the ram
which enters up it when the ram rises. When filling this modification
of the apparatus a tube with stop-cock, such as is indicated by dotted
lines at 65, is screwed into the air outlet 55, and the stop-cock is opened
on beginning to fill, at the same time the stop-cock 49 in the cover
is closed to prevent the rain 2 from moving until any air is expelled.
Then after all the air is expelled the stop-cock of the tube 65 is closed,
and the one 49 in the cover is opened or partly opened to regulate the
movement of the ram. In this modification one contrivance is shown
for facilitating the getting of the rubber ring 6 properly into its place.

page_text: The rubber rings used are of such sizes that each has to be stretched
slightly to get it on its ram so that it may fit closely on the ram, whilst
each is slightly compressed when in its place between the ram and
cylinder. The bottom of the ram 2 at 66 is of slightly reduced diameter,
and the rubber ring is put upon that part before introducing the ram
into the cylinder. An inner shell 67 fixed to the frame piece 62, the
bottom edge of which forms the upper stop or shoulder 7 for the ring,
being removed from the cylinder along with the frame 62 and cover 42,
the ram is entered with the ring on it, the latter first encountering a
conical surface 68 which guides it properly into its place.
Modification No. 5 is shown in vertical section in Figure 14, and in
it the ram is made in two parts, the inuer part 2 working inside the
outer part 69 with a rubber ring 6 between, just as it does in the
cylinder itself in the previously described modifications, whilst the outer
part 69 works in the cylinder with a rubber ring 6 between in the same
way. The apparatus is supposed to be made of tinned sheet iron with
hollow longitudinal and circular ribs 70, 71, some of the latter acting
as the stops 7, 8, for the rubber rings 6. A strengthening and protecting
belt 72 is also fixed externally round the part of the main shell 1 where
the outer rubber ring 6 works, and where consequently there cannot be
internal ribs or shells. The apparatus is placed on its side when filling.
The nozzle 53 communicates directly with the interior of the cylinder,
and does not lead the beverage from the top when the apparatus is full;
it does so, however as soon as the contents are down to its level, and
then continues to do so until the apparatus is emptied. A groove is
formed down the inner shell 26 to allow a free passage when the bottoms
of the rams 2, 69, are below the nozzle. The upward movements of the
ram 2 and outer ram shell 69 are stopped by a ring 62 (which takes the
place of the frame 62 of No. 4, and) which is held by segments 63
being notched or indented so as to be got under them.
door 77 is screwed into the bottom of the cylinder 1 to admit of the
rubber rings 6 being adjusted properly in their places and of the vessel
being cleaned.
An arm-hole
Modification No. 6 is shown in plan in Figure 15, and in vertical
section in Figure 16. It resembles No. 4, but is represented as made of
brass, which may be tinned or silvered. In addition to the nozzle 53

page_text: for filling, it has a pipe 73 and stop-cock 14 for withdrawing the
beverage, this pipe being fixed to and travelling with the outer ram
shell 69, whilst it passes through a slot in the outer cylinder 1 and works
in a tube 74 formed for it in the inner ram 2 "rolling packing"
ring 6 of rubber being used to make a tight joint. The concavity in the
upper side of the ram 2 forms a convenient receptacle for ice when its
use is desired for cooling the beverage, and there is room enough for a
considerable quantity of ice in addition to such a weight as will cause
the beverage to rise up the pipe 73 and flow out of the stop-cock 14 when
it is wished to withdraw it. When applying ice in this way we prefer
to put it in a portable dish or pan 75 made to easily fit in the ram 2
and the weight 76 is fixed in this dish by arms serving as handles
whilst it touches the bottom only at the centre so that the water from
the ice has access over as much surface as possible. When a quantity
of ice is all melted the dish is lifted out to empty the water and to
be filled with fresh ice. In the plan Figure 15 the cover 42 is sup-
posed to be removed, and shows the notched ring 6 and holding
segments 63 which stop the ram 2 and shell 69 at the tops of their
strokes.
Modifications Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are represented as collapsed or empty,
but No. 6 is shown expanded or within a ram 2 and shell 69 in the
positions they assume when the vessel is full.
:
Modification No. 7 is shown in longitudinal vertical section in
Figure 17 on Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings, and in end eleva-
tion in Figure 18. It is supposed to be made of tinned sheet iron of
simple construction, with a single ram 2, and is adapted for large
sizes and to be permanently on its side. It is supposed to be in a
cellar upon a gauntree 78, and pipes connected to it are led to a floor
above, one 79 for filling by it, a second 80 for drawing off the beverage
by, and fitted with a float valve 81 to prevent air from entering whilst
filling in the beverage; whilst a third 82 is for conveying water to
it from a cistern, or compressed air from a pump to force the ram so
as to expel the beverage up the pipe 80. A stop-cock 83 is also
applied for letting off the air whilst filling in the beverage, and
another stop-cock 84 is provided for the escape of water when filling
in the beverage; and on this last a length of tubing may be coupled
and led down to form a suction head of water that will draw in the

page_text: beverage from even a lower level. The open end of the ram 2 is strengthened
by a frame 85 with radial arms, and it is supported and steadied by antifric-
tion rollers 86 carried by the arms. The apparatus is represented as
furnished with an indicator to show at any time the quantity of beverage it
contains. A glass dial 87 with a scale marked on it is fitted in the
end of the cylinder, and an index is fixed on the end of a twisted rod
88, which is held so that it can turn in a cross bir fixed to the cylin-
der end, whilst it passes through a central twisted eye in the frame 5 of
the ram 2. The longitudinal movement of the ram turns the rod 88 and
index in consequence of the twist and thus indicates its position at any
time.
Modification No. 8 (and last) is shown in vertical section in Figure 19,
and in end elevation in Figure 20, and consists of a cylinder 1 and
accessories somewhat like No. 5 placed horizontally on a wheeled
wagon frame 89. This forms a convenient portable apparatus for con-
veying beverages, as, for example, when taking beer from a brewery to the
consumers' premises, and is to be provided with flexible tubing which
may be coupled upon the nozzle 53 for delivering the contents in portions
as required into collapsable holding vessels or into ordinary casks or
barrels in the consumers' cellars. It is furnished with an air pump
55 and hand lever 90 for working it, whereby a pressure may be applied
to the ram 2 for controlling its movement when filling the vessel
or for expelling the beverage along tubing even to a somewhat higher
level.
Having now particularly described our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we have to state that we do not
restrict ourselves to the precise details herein described or delineated,
but that what we believe to be novel and original, and claim as the
Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent
is,―
1. The constructing or arranging of apparatus for supplying carbonic
acid gas to vessels containing fermentable or aerated beverages, substantially
in the improved manner herein- before described.
And, 2. The applying, adapting, and using of collapsable vessels con-
structed, furnished, and working in any of the modes horein described or

page_text: delineated, or substantially so, for containing, treating, preserving, cooling,
withdrawing, or conveying fermentable or aerated beverages.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Hamilton and Robert Paterson,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of Septem-
ber, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOHN HAMILTON. (L.S.)
R. PATERSON.
(L.S.)