IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES, JOINTS, OR CONNECTIONS, AND IN APPLYING THEM, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR CONSTRUCTIVE AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hilliar, of Balsall Heath, in the County of
Worcester, Manager of Works, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HINGES, JOINTS, OR CONNECTIONS, AND IN APPLYING THEM, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR CONSTRUCTIVE AND DECORATIVE
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 2nd June 1863, and dated the 8th December 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hilliar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
December 1862.
I, JOHN HILLIAR, of Balsall Heath, in, the County of Worcester, Manager
of Works, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HINGES, JOINTS, OR CONNECTIONS, AND IN APPLYING THEM, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR CONSTRUCTIVE AND DECORATIVE
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My improvements consist in the manufacture or construction of a joint,
hinge, or connection by using oval or other suitable-shaped tubes, such tubes
having an opening or slit from end to end. My joint hinge or connection is
applicable to folding ventilators, to packing boxes, cases, and wire baskets;
also to general goods manufactured from sheet wire, tin plate, zinc, iron, and
other metals, glass, and woodwork, canvas, paper, or other like materials.
I accomplish my Invention, by taking, say, two sheets or folds of wire
gauze, or other suitable material, the edges intended to be joined or attached

page_text: to be folded over, or a beading or rod turned, soldered, sewn, screwed, or
otherwise fixed, or made or attached to such edges so as to make each edge
of greater thickness than the other part of sheet plate or board; then taking
two sheets, and laying them upon each other, the folded or beaded edges being
to the outsides by passing the beaded or folded edges into an oval or other
suitable-shaped tube by the end, the sheets, plates, or boards passing through
the slit or open joint, such sheets are secured together, the beadings prevent-
ing the edges from slipping through the slit, and a hinge joint or connection is
thus formed, which can be regulated to hold fixedly and firmly, or to allow
full and free action as a loose hinge or joint, by opening or closing the slit in
the tube, or by using a larger or smaller tube.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Hilliar in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HILLIAR, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester, Manager of Works,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Hilliar, Her special license that I, the said John Hilliar,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Hilliar, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HINGES, JOINTS, OR CONNECTIONS, AND IN APPLYING THEM, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE EMPLOYED FOR CONSTRUCTIVE AND DECORATIVE PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Hilliar, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Jonn mar, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My improvements consist in the manufacture or construction of a joint,
hinge, or connection, by using oval or other suitable-shaped tubes, such tubes
having an opening or slit from end to end. This joint; hinge, or connection
is applicable to folding ventilators, to packing boxes, cases, and wire baskets;
also to general goods manufactured from sheet wire, tin plate, zinc, iron, and
other metals, glass and woodwork, canvas, paper, or other like materials.
I accomplish my Invention by taking, say, two sheets or folds of wire
gauze or other suitable material; the edges intended to be joined or attached
to be folded over, or a beading or rod turned, soldered, sewn, screwed, or
otherwise fixed or made or attached to such edges, so as to make each edge of
greater thickness than the other part of sheet plate or board; then taking two
sheets and laying them upon each other, the folded or beaded edges being to
the outsides, by passing the beaded or folded edges into an oval or other
suitably-shaped tube by the end, the sheets, plates, or boards passing through
the slit or open joint, such sheets are secured together, the beadings pre-
venting the edges from slipping through the slit, and a hinge, joint, or con-
nection is thus formed, which can be regulated to hold fixedly and firmly, or
to allow full and free action as a loose hinge or joint by opening or closing the
slit in the tube or by using a larger or smaller tube.
I will now proceed to describe my Invention in detail, as illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, in which (Figure 1) shews a section of a folding
ventilator to fix in the head of a window, and formed of sheets or splats (a) of
wire gauze in a wood or metal frame, the sheets or splats being secured therein
and together by the form of joint (6 and c) already alluded to, the edge of the
splat at (61) requiring to be free to slide up and down is of. course not fixed
to the frame, and the tube or beading is merely used there as a finish to the
splat, and to correspond with the other edges. The edge of the sheet or splat
is turned up into a small bead, and inserted at the end into the open
tube which forms the joint (Figure 2), shewing the double joint (c,) Figure 1)
to an enlarged scale, and as it would appear if allowed to be fully open; and
(Figure 3) representing the same joint closed in both these Figures; (e) shews
the tube, and (f) the beaded edges of the sheets or splats. (Figure 4)
shews another form of hinge applicable, to connecting together the side flaps
of the ventilator shewn in (Figure 1) to rule joints and many other similar
+

page_text: purposes. It consists of links or pieces of metal of an. (S, or Figure 8)
shape, seen more clearly in plan and side view (Figure 5); two or more of
which links are sunk in grooves or slots in the meeting edges of the parts to
be connected, whilst others are let into or fixed upon the outer edge of those
parts. A pin or screw passed through each pair and into. the wood, or
through the whole series of links, will secure the parts together. The form to
be given to the meeting edges of the two parts, which must be rounded if the
flaps are to turn both ways, or stop filletted if to open as a box lid, must
of course depend upon circumstances. (Figure 6) shews in section a metal
box or wire gauze safe, the sides of which are secured together by the open
tube or beading already described, as seen at (9). Figures (7, 8, 9, 10,) all
shewing various modes in which the angles of articles formed in wood may
be similarly secured; by either beading, rebating, or grooving the parts, and
sliding a tube over them, a strong and readily made joint is obtained, whilst
cases thus formed may be easily taken to pieces, and folded side upon side,
avoiding much bulk in empty packages. And this description of open tube is
useful for coach beading and many other similar ornamental purposes, and
would be affixed without nails or pins of any kind, by grooving or beading the
surface with a plane, and slipping the tube along the grooves or beads thus
formed. It makes a good and secure finish for many articles of woven or
interlaced wirework, keeping the edges in proper shape, instead of effecting
this by the ordinary method of bending each separate wire over a selvage wire
by the process termed "(knuckling)." I accomplish it by placing the woven
work to be edged in moulds or dies of the shape of the article it is intended
to form, and by a screw or other force press the web into shape, and whilst
thus retained by the mould I place the tube of the section seen at (Figure 11)
upon the edges of the web, which edges project from the mould. I then apply
to the tube which now encloses the edges of the web a swage or beading roller,
and so close the lips of the tube upon the edges of the web, as seen in
Figures (12 and 13). I then remove the moulds, and the web being secured
by the tube retains its shape. (Figure 14) shews a single-acting hinge
formed of an open joint tube fixed to one surface, and a beaded plate attached
to the opposite surface; this hinge will not allow the two planes to approach
nearer than a very considerable angle; (Figure 15) shews a double-acting one
adapted for a piano hinge, and for other like uses, and which will allow one
plane or surface to touch or rest upon the other.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim, without limiting myself to these
exact details, the several improvements in hinges, joints, or connections,

page_text: together with their modes of application, and their employment in various
other constructive and decorative purposes, as herein more fully set forth and
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hilliar, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
FRED. WALKDEN,
66, Chancery Lane,
London.
JOHN HILLIAR. (L.B.)