Improvements in the Manufacture of Ice Cream and the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1899-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Ice Cream and the like.
I, WILLIAM ANTROBUS, of The District Ice Works, Dukinfield, in the County
of Cheshire, Refrigerating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of ices, ice creams
or similar delicacies, the object being to accomplish the freezing of the ingredients
forming such without the use of ice and salt as is commonly understood and to
provide suitable apparatus by which the said ingredients may be perfectly mixed
and worked during the freezing operation while they arrive at the consistency
required.
The present way of making ices and ice creams is by packing broken pieces
of ice along with salt around a zinc or metal utensil, termed the freezer, which
contains the ingredients to be frozen. The action of the ice and salt produces
great coldness which consequently freezes the confection contained in the freezer
and by constant working up of the ingredients while being frozen the latter are
brought to proper consistency.
According to my invention I entirely dispense with the use of ice and salt and
freeze the confection by the direct application of brine, the latter being con-
tained in a suitable apparatus. This brine is cooled to a low temperature, say
about 15 degrees F. above zero, by the evaporation of any gaseous substance such
as is generally used in freezing or refrigerating machines, such substances being,
air, carbonic acid, ether, ammonia or the like. Assuming that gaseous or
anhydrous ammonia is the cold producing agent to be employed it is first com-
pressed, then cooled to bring it to liquid form, and subsequently evaporated under
reduced pressure. The heat to produce evaporation is taken from a brine solution,
made from salt or calcium chloride, which acts as the cold carrying medium
and gives up its coldness through suitable apparatus to the confection required
to be frozen, this cycle of operation of giving up heat and absorbing coldness
being made continuous by the ordinary working of an ice or refrigerating plant.
An example of the apparatus which I usually employ in carrying my improved
method into effect is indicated in the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus,
Fig. 2 a transverse section and
Fig. 3 a plan.
The ice cream or confection to be frozen is placed in a suitable metal pan or
pans a, each of which is mounted on a vertical shaft 6 rotated by gearing from a
shaft cas will be readily understood. The pans are arranged in a tank d which
is nearly filled with the brine solution so that they are immersed in such to the
greater part of their depth. Each pan has fixed to its boss e on the underside,
or to the central shaft 6, one or more stirring or agitating blades f the rotation
of which keeps the brine in constant circulation. g are the pipes through which
the ammonia or other cold producing agent is circulated and are in connection
with an ordinary ice plant, and h are stationary scrapers or workers arranged
D .
077

page_text: to effectually remove the frozen confection from the sides of the pans and
thoroughly, work it to the desired consistency.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The method of producing ice creams and the like consisting in placing the
ingredients in a rotatable pan or pans immersed in a brine solution and directly
chilling such solution to freeze the said ingredients by the evaporation of
ammonia or similar agent substantially as described.
2. In connection with the process referred to in Claim 1 the use of apparatus
constructed, arranged and operating substantially as shown and described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of Va 1800
WILLIAM H. TAYLOR,
Stephens Buildings, 62, Market Street, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.
WILLIAM H. TAYLOR,
Stephens Buildings, 62, Market Street, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicant.