Improved Roofing.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Sept., 1891-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Roofing.
I, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Moses Powell, of Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Gentleman,) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved roofing, and the object of the invention is
to provide a roofing which will better withstand the elements, which will be warmer,
and which will be more lasting than ordinary felt and other roofing.
A roofing made in accordance with this invention consists of a layer of wool felt,
upon which is placed a layer of flax felt. Another layer of wool felt is placed
upon the top of the flax felt, and cement is put between the respective layers of
felt.
Dated this 2nd da
1000
J. P. BAYLY,
Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Roofing.
I, JOHN PITT BAYLY, of 18 Fulham Place, Paddington, in the County of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Moses Powell, of Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Gentleman,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to make a fire or water-proof roof; and the
invention consists in the features and combinations hereinafter described and
claimed.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a portion of my improved roof as seen from the
rear, and
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section taken in line 2 2 of Fig. 1.
A is the wool felt, and B the flax belt, each laid in strips.
In constructing my improved roof I use two different kinds of material, which I
now call "wool felt," by which I also mean to include what is commonly known as
"cloth," "canvas," or "sheathing-paper," and "flax felt," by which I mean what
is commonly known as "Irish" or " English" felt. The flax felt which I thus
intend to use is made from flax, hemp, etc., in a crude state and with long fibres, in
substantially the same way that wool felt is made from its material, so that my
flax felt is very different from burlap, which is woven, and from linen paper, which
is not made from flax or hemp in a crude state and which has its fibres ground fine.
These two kinds of felt or material, which I here call "wool felt" and "flax felt,"
using these terms in the general sense above suggested, are preferably put on in
alternate layers.
The felt is laid in the usual way, preferably a layer of wool felt at the bottom, a
layer of flax felt on top of the wool felt, and a layer or layers of wool felt on top of
the flax felt. It is not essential, however, that the felt be laid in this way,
inasmuch as the order may be reversed or changed, as found expedient, and more
than one layer of each kind of felt may also be put on, when desired.
Cement may be used between the respective layers of felt in the ordinary way;
but this is not in all cases necessary.

page_text: In completing the roof, tile, gravel, sand, or other fire-proof material may be
used.
It will of course be understood from my definition of the term "wool felt" as
here used, that mere cloth, canvas, or sheathing-paper may be used in combination
with the flax felt, and in such case, as well as when wool felt technically is used,
the alternate layers may be put on in any way desired.
If only wool felt is used, the roof is not durable, being liable to crack or give
way, while if only flax felt is used the cement will go through it and cause it to
stick to the root-boards, and this sticking will quickly cause it to crack or give
way; but by using the two kinds of felt or material together a strong, durable roof
is formed, and all the objections above suggested overcome.
It will be understood that as to flax felt I limit myself to a felt formed from raw
or crude flax hemp, or similar material, as distinguished from cloth, paper, or burlap
not so formed and not properly covered by the term "felt."
As the essential feature of my invention consists in making a roof of alternate
layers of wool felt and flax felt, it will of course be understood that I do not limit
myself to details or to any particular number of layers or kind of material used for
uniting the same. On the contrary, I intend to cover a roof containing one layer
of wool felt and one layer of flax felt, or any number of layers of either or both
kinds of felt, whether an equal number of layers of each kind to be used or not, as
circumstances may suggest or render expedient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. In a roof, the combination of a layer of wool felt and a layer of flax felt and
means for uniting the same, substantially as described.
2. In a roof, the combination of a layer of wool felt, a layer of flax felt on top
of the wool felt, a layer of wool felt on top of the flax felt, and cement between the
respective layers of felt, substantially as described.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1891.
J. F. BAILI,
Applicant.