matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR CLOSING BOTTLES AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ireland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1865.
I, GEORGE IRELAND, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Silversmith,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOPPERS FOR CLOSING BOTTLES AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing self-acting stoppers in the manner
herein-after described for closing bottles and for other like purposes, which
said stoppers open on the inclination of the bottle or vessel to which they
are applied, and close on the restoration of the bottle or vessel to a vertical
position. I make the said stoppers mainly of metal by preference, but they
may be made in part of china or other non-metallic substance. The said
stoppers consist of two parts, the one being tubular and having somewhat
the figure of an ordinary cork; the lower or smaller end of this part is
covered or partly covered with india-rubber or other soft or elastic material.
This part, which I will call the fixed part, is put in the neck of the bottle
after the manner of an ordinary cork. The other part of the stopper, which
I will call the moveable part, consists of a disc or plate, of a size suitable
for covering and closing the top and wide end of the fixed part. This disc is
conical or convex on its under side, and is ground to fit accurately on the top.

page_text: of the fixed part. To the centre of the under side of the disc a long and thin
rod or stem is fixed, at the bottom of which is a ball or weight. This part
is placed in the fixed part, the rod or stem passing through a hole in a cross
bar or guide at the bottom of the fixed part. When the stopper is fixed in the
mouth of a bottle the disc of the moveable part lies close upon the top of the
fixed part, fitting it accurately so long as the bottle is in a vertical position.
When the bottle is inclined in the proper position for pouring the weight at
the bottom of the rod or stem tending by its gravitating power to preserve
the vertical position of the rod or stem the disc does not follow the mouth
of the fixed part on the inclining of the bottle, but is virtually raised from
the said mouth, leaving the said mouth nearly free for the passage of liquid
therefrom. On restoring the vertical position of the bottle after pouring
the weight brings the disc again on to the mouth of the fixed part, and the
bottle is effectually closed. When the bottle is likely to be subjected to
much motion, as on board ship, I prefer to fix a cap or capsule on the top of
the fixed part, to press down the disc to the mouth of the fixed part. The
said cap or capsule is removed when the bottle is about to be used. Although
I have only described my Invention as applied to a bottle, yet my Invention
may be applied to various other vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Calkin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January 1865.
I, JOSEPH CALKIN, of Oakley Square, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TAPS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improvement in the ordinary description
of taps applicable to gas, steam, or other fluids, with the view to obviate the
danger of the said taps being inadvertently turned on or imperfectly turned
off, whereby greater security against waste or leakage resulting therefrom is
obtained; and consists in employing in connection with the stem of the plug
(by which the tap is turned) a catch or spring stop movement, so arranged
as to admit of its taking into a corresponding notch formed externally in the
barrel of the tap, by which means the plug when thoroughly turned off is
securely held or retained in a fixed position until released through the medium
of the thumb and finger whilst turning on the tap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS FOR WINDOWS AND OTHER LIKE OPENINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Blair White at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 81st
October 1865.
I, DAVID BLAIR WHITE, of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS FOR WINDOWS AND OTHER LIKE
OPENINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing ventilators of an open fabric or
material, one end of which is secured to a spring roller, while the other end is
fastened to the window sash. On opening the sash the ventilator follows it if
already fastened to it; or the ventilator may be pulled down or up, as the
case may be, to occupy the space between the sash and window frame, and
be fastened to the sash. When the ventilator is not required it winds upon
the spring roller. The position of the spring roller may be reversed, that is
to say, it may be fitted to the sash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING WOOLLEN OR SILK FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Paraf at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1865.
I, ALFRED PARAF, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING AND PRINTING WOOLLEN OR SILK FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as
follows:-
I place metallic copper in a solution of ammonia with access of air, into
which cotton is placed. There is a production of ammoniate of copper, and a
solution of the cotton is effected. This solution of cotton is then used to
impregnate the wool or silk by padding or other means, and while the wool or
silk is in the damp state is passed into a weak solution of any mineral or
organic acid, whereby the cotton is precipitated into the fibre of the silk or
wool. It is now washed and dried, and is in a fit state to receive the pre-
paration used for producing aniline black on cotton or linen. And this.
preparation may consist of an aniline salt, with chlorate of potash, together
with an acid capable of decomposing the same, or with an aniline salt and
chlorate of potash, together with salts of copper, or other process.
The Invention consists in giving upon the silk or wool a cotton pre-
paration, whereby it may receive colors capable of being placed on cotton or
linen only.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GAS STOVES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lawrence Gill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1865.
I, SAMUEL LAWRENCE GILL, of 4, Campbell Terrace, Bromley, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GAS STOVES," to be as follows:-
In constructing a gas stove according to this Invention two vertical cylinders
are employed, one within the other. The inner smaller cylinder is closed at
the top, and from its sides small tubes pass to the larger exterior cylinder, so
that air may pass from the interior of the inner cylinder through these tubes
to the atmosphere on the exterior of the outer cylinder. Around the inner
cylinder, and near its lower end, is placed a ring of gas burners, by which these
small tubes become heated, and as they are arranged to incline upwards the
air within them as it becomes heated ascends and escapes at the outer ends of
the tubes into the room or building to be heated, whilst a current of fresh air,
either from the room or building or from the outer atmosphere, enters the
lower open end of the inner cylinder to take the place of the heated air which is
passing away. The outer cylinder is open at its lower end, and from its upper
end there is a pipe or flue leading to the outer atmosphere. The products of
combustion from the gas burners rise to the top of the outer cylinder, and pass
away to the outer atmosphere through the pipe or flue. The current of heated
gases rising up through the outer cylinder induces a current of air from the
room or building to enter its lower open end, and to pass away from its upper

page_text: end through the tube or flue; the impure air from a room or building may
thus be carried away at the same time that fresh warm air is supplied to it.
In place of the air to be heated entering the stove through the lower end of
the inner cylinder, the stove may be arranged in such manner that air shall
pass from the exterior of the outer cylinder through small tubes into the inner 5
cylinder, and pass away from the top of this cylinder through other tubes
again into the outer.atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREWS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carron at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1865.
I, WILLIAM CARRON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SCREWS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained in the
manufacture of screws, by which said improvements economy in their pro-
duction is effected, and the screws are both lighter and are more readily driven
than screws of the ordinary manufacture.
My Invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture of screws of
the kind called wood screws, but may also be applied to the making of other
screws.
My Invention consists in manufacturing screws by making the shank of
the screw and the worm or threads of the screw of separate parts and
afterwards securely fixing the said worm or threads to the shank instead
of cutting the worm or threads upon the shank as in the ordinary
manufacture.
In manufacturing screws according to my Invention I proceed as follows:-
I take screw blanks which have been headed and nicked, the said heading
and nicking being effected in the usual way, and by the use of the ordinary
machines, and upon the shanks of the said screw blanks I place a worm or
screw thread, the said worm or thread fitting tightly thereon. I form the

page_text: worms or threads by, coiling strips of metal of the proper section in a helical
or screw-like direction upon a rod or mandril of a diameter somewhat less
than that of the shanks with which the worms or threads are to be used. The
pitch of the worms or threads is made uniform by mechanical means, which I
do not think it necessary here to describe.. The worms or threads may be
made of various pitch to suit the screws to be made. Having placed the
worms or screw threads upon the shanks of the beaded and nicked blanks, I
dip them in a bath of melted tin or zinc, the said tinning or galvanizing being
effected in the way commonly practised in tinning or galvanizing other articles.
By this tinning or galvanizing process the worms or screw threads are firmly
attached to the shanks and the screws are ready for use.
Although I have found that the fixing of the worms or screw threads to the
shanks by the tinning or galvanizing process answers satisfactorily, and which
means I prefer to employ, yet I do not limit myself thereto, as other means of
fixing the said worms or screw threads to the shanks may be resorted to with
the same or nearly the same effect.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO CONDENSERS OR COOLERS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO CONDENSERS OR COOLERS."
-A communication from abroad by Thomas Luders, of Philadelphia, in
the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1865.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO CONDENSERS OR
COOLERS," a communication to me from abroad by Thomas Luders, of Phila-
delphia, in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mode of constructing steam generators,
which is also applicable to the constructing of condensers or coolers, and
consists in the employment of a number of hollow slabs or chambers of cast
iron, each slab or chamber being composed of any desired number of hollow
spheres cast together with curved necks so as to establish a free communication

page_text: between all the spheres in each hollow slab or chamber. A number of these
hollow slabs or chambers are disposed side by side in any desired form or
arrangement according to the desired contour or form of the generator or con-
denser to be erected, and they communicate with each other by cross con-
nections made at one or more of the corners of each slab or chamber. These
cross connections are made by forming spherical joints on the slabs or
chambers, and interposing a correspondingly shaped joint ring between each
of the adjoining chambers, the chambers and joint rings being tightened up
by long screw bolts passing through the series of chambers and joint rings,
which are tightened up by nuts outside the end chambers of the series. At
convenient points for supplying water or taking off steam an outlet or branch
is formed in connection with one or more of the intermediate joint rings,
which branch is provided with a flange or with a screw thread for the con-
nection of a pipe therewith. The spherical chambers at two opposite edges
of each slab may be cast open for the facility of removing the core, and their
necks are then closed by means of screwed plugs or otherwise.
In erecting a boiler according to this Invention it is preferred to place
the slabs at an angle of about 45 degrees, and so as to form the sides and top
of the furnace, some of them being under the furnace, the fire being made to
act with the greatest intensity against either plain edge of each slab. The
weight of each slab is supported on a chair or bearer at or near the bottom or
lowest corner thereof.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COOLING, HEATING, AND EVAPORATING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Blundell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th September
1865.
I, WALTER BLUNDELL, of Finsbury Circus, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COOLING, HEATING, AND EVAPORATING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in cooling and in heating and evaporating liquids by
means of an apparatus composed of hollow compartments provided with inlet
and outlet passages through which currents of cooling or heating liquids or
fluids, according to the purpose for which the apparatus is to be employed, are
forced or made to pass, and I suspend or fit the apparatus in such manner as
to allow of its being lowered into and raised in or from the liquid operated
The shape of the apparatus may be square, circular, or oval, or any other
shape to suit the vessel in which the liquid to be acted upon is placed. Cold
water, frigorific liquid mixtures, hot water, heated air, steam, or other gas,
are among the fluids I pass through my apparatus.
on.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN DYING AND PREPARING HEMP AND OTHER FIBRES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS AND FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hedgcombe Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1865.
I, GEORGE HEDGCOMBE SMITH, of North Perrott, in the County of Somerset,
Web and Twine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN DYING AND PREPARING HEMP AND OTHER
FIBRES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF YARNS AND FABRICS," to be as follows :-
I steep the hemp or other fibres either as fibres, yarns, or fabrics in a
solution of tan and soda in the proportion of about forty pounds of tan to
about ten pounds of soda, which is about sufficient for two hogsheads of
liquor, to which is added about half a pound of flag annatto, together with
some or one of the materials commonly used in dying. All dyeing materials
are applicable.
AN IMPROVED RABBLE OR BAR USED IN PUDDLING IRON
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walter Dyson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1865.
I, GEORGE WALTER DYSON, of Tinsley, in the County of York, Mill
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED RABBLE OR BAR USED IN PUDDLING IRON," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming rabbles or puddle bars hollow, and in
connecting an elastic tube to the outer end communicating with pipes from a
blowing engine or other source of blast. I make the rabbles hollow for the
purpose of introducing a blast into and thoroughly distributing it over the
metal in puddling furnaces. The elastic tube is for the purpose of allowing
the workmen to work the rabble without interfering with the blast. I employ
a stop cock in the rabble or in the blast tube in order to regulate or shut off
the blast as may be required.
AN IMPROVED "CORE" TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CASTING OF METALLIC PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hartley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1865.
I, DAVID HARTLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Core Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED "CORE" TO
BE EMPLOYED IN THE CASTING OF METALLIC PIPES OR TUBES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the novel construction, arrangement, and formation
of "cores" employed in casting metallic pipes or tubes, and which are capable
of being successively used for such purpose, instead of each "core" as now
employed being made for its own particular pipe and destroyed when the
casting is complete.
The apparatus consists of a central spindle or shaft, upon which is secured
any required number of rings or circular boxes, their peripheries being turned
parallel to the axis of the spindle or shaft, and the under side of such rims
being formed inclined or wedge-shaped. Three or more longitudinal segments
or plates are secured outside and around these boxes by means of internally.
projecting wedges, corresponding in form to the inclined under surface of the
aforesaid rings or boxes, such segments or plates being slightly apart at their
edges, so as partially to form the "core" when retained in position around
the rings by means of "gib" and "cottar," and washer. Upon the outside
circumference or surface of these plates ordinary moulding loam is placed, the
whole forming the "core" for the interior of the pipe, and when the casting
is complete the "cottar," "gib," and washer are displaced, and the end of the

page_text: spindle driven back, which thus causes the boxes to be withdrawn from the
retaining wedges secured to the outer segmental ribs or plates, such ribs
closing together, and forms thereby a smaller circumference, which thus
permits the withdrawal of the "core" from the pipe or tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR FLOORS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 80th
December 1865.-A communication from abroad by Antoine Perrin and
Achille Baudouin, of Paris, in the Empire of France..
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex,, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR FLOORS," a communication to me from
abroad by Antoine Perrin and Achille Baudouin,, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved covering for floors which combines.
the advantages of being impervious to dust, damp, and insects of all kinds,
and of presenting two distinct faces, the one being suitable for cold weather and.
the other for use in summer or in warm climates.
According to this Invention it is proposed to coat or cover one face of any
ordinary carpet with a waterproof composition or varnish, similar to that
employed for American leather cloths, varnished cloths, oil. cloth,, and such
like fabrics, and to ornament or not such coated surface by printing, painting,
or otherwise producing patterns or designs thereon.. By this means a novel
article of manufacture is obtained, which combines all the properties of an
ordinary carpet without the inconveniences attendant thereon, as well as the
properties of an oilcloth, either surface being used as may be desired, the
covering being in all respects reversible..
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSULATING MATERIAL FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES, TOGETHER WITH AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROTECTING TELEGRAPH WIRES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alfred Marshall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1865. A communication from abroad by Jules Erckmann, of
Rue Lécluse, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM ALFRED MARSHALL, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, Telegraphic Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED INSULATING MATERIAL FOR TELEGRAPHIC AND
OTHER PURPOSES, TOGETHER WITH AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROTECTING TELEGRAPH
WIRES, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO SUBMARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN TELEGRAPHS," (a
communication to me from abroad by Jules Erckmann, of Rue Lécluse,
Paris, France) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of asbestos or amiantus (amiante)
for insulating purposes. To insulate telegraphic wire, for example,, I take
ordinary telegraphic wire, by preference of pure red copper, and surround or
coat it with asbestos or amiantus. The wire thus insulated may be passed
through a bath of resinous material or through another insulating composition,
or it may be protected in any other manner by hemp, cotton, ebonite, or
otherwise, this part of the Invention consisting in the obtaining of an
insulation as perfect as may be in and by the employment of asbestos
or amiantus. My Invention also consists in protecting telegraphic wire,

page_text: especially for submarine and subterranean purposes, in the following manner :-
I protect and complete the insulation of the wire previously covered with the
asbestos or amiantus, as before described, by surrounding or enclosing it in a
metal tube, by preference of tin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND HOLDING THE SKIRTS OF LADIES' DRESSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1865. A communication from Charles Doudet, residing at
Boulevard Saint Michel, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
RAISING AND HOLDING THE SKIRTS OF LADIES' DRESSES," communicated from
Charles Doudet, a person residing at Boulevard Saint Michel, Paris, in the
Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for supporting or holding
the cords or tapes used for gathering up or raising from the ground the skirts
of ladies' dresses.
It consists of a chain connected at one end to a hook to be inserted in the
waistband of the dress, and having at the other end a swivel to which the ends
of the tapes or cords connected or not with a ring are attached. At equal dis-
tances along the lower end (or end nearer the swivel) of the chain are placed
links or rings of sufficient size to pass over the hook attached to the waist-
band. One of the above chains being placed at each side of the waist, and
corresponding rings being placed on the hooks, the skirt will be equally raised
all round.
IMPROVED LININGS FOR LADIES' DRESSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Passavant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1865. A communication from abroad by Friedrich August Pieper,
residing at Barmen, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, PHILIP PASSAVANT, of Bradford, in the County of York, Commission
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
LININGS FOR LADIES' DRESSES," to be as follows:-
It is at present the custom to use broad pieces of "Orleans" or other
suitable materials, cut in lengths for lining the bottom of ladies' dresses, and
attached to the same in a manner which involves considerable labour, the
bottom edge being doubled over, sewn, and hemmed. To prevent the edges
of the dresses from wearing a length of braid of the same circumference as
the dress is sewn on to the bottom edge of the lining. To reduce the labour
and expense consequent upon the arrangement is the object of my Invention.
For this purpose I use broad riband made of the usual material, but having
one edge woven with a braid, the other edge being finished in the ordinary
The braided edge I use to prevent wear of the edge of the dress,
and as it forms a part of the lining I dispense with much of the labour now
requisite, as well as substitute a riband lining for the broad ones now in
use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN EJECTORS FOR DISCHARGING BILGE WATER AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
November 1865-A communication from abroad by Nathan Leffing-
well Chappell, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN EJECTORS
FOR DISCHARGING BILGE WATER AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make a simple and effective provision
for the removal of obstructions from the induction pipe of ejectors while
the ejector remains in its operative position. To this end the steam nozzle
is made reversible that it may be turned from the eduction pipe toward
the induction pipe at pleasure. The ejector consists of a hollow globe
with four openings, of which two are the induction and eduction ports;
these ports are in line and on opposite sides of the globe. In a line at
right angles to these ports are two openings for the reception of the hollow
axle of the ejector globe. By means of stuffing boxes and proper packing
the fittings are made air and water tight, for the purpose of preventing air
from being drawn in between the axle and the openings of the globe, and
also for the purpose of preventing leakage of water, both of which would
be injurious to the operation of the ejector. The axle is made hollow
from one end to about one-half of the length thereof, and near the 'point

page_text: where the solid and hollow parts meet is provided with a steam nozzle,
which is fitted in line with the eduction port, and it is also connected with
a steam pipe. A lever is attached to the solid end of the axle for reversing
the action of the ejector.
The induction port may have connected with it by any well-known
means a pipe through which the water and other matter may be drawn
into the ejector, and the eduction port is to have connected with it another
pipe through which the water and other matter is to be ejected.
When the steam nozzle is turned toward the eduction port and steam is
admitted, the water will be caused to enter the ejector and be discharged
through the eduction port. Should the induction pipe become obstructed
it will be only necessary to bring the nozzle opposite the induction port,
and as the steam is ejected through that port and the pipe attached thereto,
it will force any obstruction out of the pipe.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS AND COOLING OR CONDENSING VAPOURS OR GASES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Metcalf, Henry Metcalf,
and Thomas Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th July 1865.
We, THOMAS METCALF, HENRY METCALF, and THOMAS CLAYTON, all of the
City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS AND
COOLING OR CONDENSING VAPOURS OR GASES," to be as follows:-
In a cistern through which water circulates we place a zig-zag or serpentine
pipe formed of thin metallic plates, and fix at the top of the said pipe a nozzlo
or aperture for the entry of the liquid, vapour, or gas to be cooled, and at the
bottom an opening and pipe leading to the exterior of the cistern for the exit.
The sides of the pipe are made flat, the space between them being as narrow
as the area of the supply will allow, and one side of the lower part of the zig-
zag or serpentine pipe is encased in a chamber open at the top, and connected
at the bottom to the cold water pipe for supplying water to the cistern. The
liquid, vapour, or gas to be cooled is entered into the nozzle or aperture at
the top of the flat pipe, through which it passes and escapes through the exit
pipe at the bottom of the cistern. The cold water enters the chamber and
impinges with force against the lower part of the flat pipe, and then passes
upwards in contact with the said pipe to the top of the cistern, which is there

page_text: provided with a waste pipe for taking off the surplus water, and as by
the use of the flat pipe there is a large area of cooling surface, and the
matter to be cooled passing onwards in a thin stream, the cooling takes
place very effectually, owing to the manner in which the cold water is
introduced.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN IGNITING THE FUSES OF SHELLS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blackie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May 1865.
-A communication from abroad by Thomas Taylor, of Washington,
United States of America.
I, JOHN BLACKIE, junior, of Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN IGNITING THE FUSES OF SHELLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in fitting on the front of shells and round the fuse
a corrugated or plain hood kept at a slight distance from the face of the shell
for the purpose of directing the flame from the powder to the fuse to cause
the ignition thereof.
The Invention will be understood by the annexed Drawings. Figure 1 is
an external view, Figure 2, a longitudinal section, and Figure 3, a view of the
front end of shell and fuse, with a hood fitted thereto as before mentioned.
A is the shell; B, its gas or windage cup; C, the fuse plug containing the
fuse D; E, the corrugated hood in front of the shell, between it and the
flange of the fuse plug C; c, an annular cavity in the front part of the plug,
leaving a recess between it and the front end of the fuse D; e, an annular cavity
or recess round the fuse plug just in the rear of its front flange; d, an opening
or openings leading from e to c. The object of the hood E is to catch and
direct the flame upon the end of the fuse. When the shell starts the hood E
may flatten a little, ride upon the front end of the shell, its top pressing more

page_text: or less against the walls of the bore, and the flame is directed underneath the
hood passing through the holes in the front end of the fuse plug and igniting
the front end of the time fuse D, which I prefer to saturate with collodion
and gunpowder. The hood may be hemispherical or the zone of a sphere.
The front end of the shell may be grooved, or tubes may be inserted in it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR FORGING STEEL OR WROUGHT IRON IN BARS TO BE USED AS BEATERS OR BEATING BARS UPON THE DRUM CONCAVES OR BREAST PLATES OF CONCAVES IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April 1865.
I, WILLIAM GRAY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Machine Knife
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING OR FORGING STEEL OR WROUGHT IRON IN BARS TO BE
USED AS BEATERS OR BEATING BARS UPON THE DRUM CONCAVES OR BREAST PLATES
OF CONCAVES IN THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The ordinary beating bars now in use are cast in metal to the pattern,
shape, or design required.
My Invention consists in producing these beating bars in steel or wrought
iron by rolling or forging, thereby producing a much superior article in
toughness, besides being harder, lighter, and stronger, and of much greater
durability than those now in use that are merely cast, and also in grooving
or fluting the surfaces of such rolled steel or wrought-iron bars, as shewn on
Drawing Fig. 2.
Fig. 1 on the annexed Drawing represents end section of the bar; Fig. 2
represents full view in perspective; by these Figures the shape or design is
clearly shown; the part hollowed out underneath the surface being for the
purpose of reducing the weight.
This beater is applicable for the thrashing of wheat, barley, oats, beans,
peas, or any other description of grain thrashed by the use of thrashing
machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS FOR SLEEVE LINKS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jenkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1865.
I, HENRY JENKINS, of the Firm of Henry Jenkins & Sons, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Stampers and Piercers, do hereby declare the nature
of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FASTENINGS FOR SLEEVE LINKS,
SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
My improvements have nothing to do with the shape, description, or
amount of ornament given to such articles, but are entirely confined to the
means of fastening, which will be understood from the following description:
-The back plate may be so fashioned that at one end or side the metal is so
formed that by bending up it will form a part of the hinge joint, while the
other side or end of the back plate is raised to engage with the tongue or bar,
the said tongue or bar being secured by a wire passing through it and the
corresponding part or parts in the back plate so as to complete the hinge
joint, or the joint may be formed distinct, and attached by soldering or other-
wise to the back plate. The detention of the tongue or bar is effected by its
being bent so as to form a spring and catch in connection with the back
plate within the projection or raised part, before mentioned, which said
projection or raised part may be round, square, rectangular, or otherwise,
if preferred, so as to permit of a sufficient spring for ensuring a secure
fastener.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FASTENERS, AND WHICH SAID FASTENERS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hitchin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1865.
I, WILLIAM HITCHIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brass-
founder and Metal Dealer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH FASTENERS, AND WHICH SAID FASTENERS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is
to say):-
My improved sash or like fastener has for its object additional mechanical
force in its construction, so that resistance may be better overcome and
additional security afforded. In effecting this object I fix a quick-wormed screw
in vertical ears on the front or principal plate, and on which screw is placed a
traversing bar, that when out of use assumes a vertical or other position, but
when in action it is thrown back horizontally, and by turning the screw this
bar traverses, and from the formation of the inner end and a graduated pro-
jection on the back sash plate the parts are engaged, and by continuing the
revolution of the screw the sashes or other purpose to which it is applied will
be braced or held in close contact. But for large sashes and for extra security
I purpose using a right and left-handed worm with the thumb-piece fixed in
the middle or at either of the ends, or actuated by other equivalent means.
In this case two traversing bars would be required, the back plate being
formed and arranged for the action or engagement of the additional traversing
bar.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OR METHOD OF TREATING ARTICLES OF CAST IRON AND OF CAST IRON MIXED WITH OTHER METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Perceval Moses Parsons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1865.
I, PERCEVAL MOSES PARSONS, of Shooter's Hill Road, Blackheath, in the
County of Kent, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OR METHOD OF TREATING ARTICLES
OF CAST IRON AND OF CAST IRON MIXED WITH OTHER METALS," to be as
follows:-
In the Provisional Specification to an application for Letters Patent made
by me, and bearing date the 2nd September 1864, No. 2159, I described an
improved mode of treating projectiles of cast iron, consisting in the plunging
of such projectiles, after casting in the ordinary manner, and whilst heated to
a considerable degree, into a bath of oil, whereby they are rendered con-
siderably stronger, harder, and tougher than if simply allowed to cool in the
ordinary manner.
Now my present Invention consists in subjecting all descriptions of articles
of cast iron, other than projectiles, after being cast in any ordinary manner,
to such process of strengthening, hardening, and toughening by plunging
them whilst in a heated state into a bath of oil or oleaginous fluid, or greasy
or fatty matter. For this purpose the cast-iron article may, after being cast
in any ordinary manner, be either at once removed from the mould whilst still
in a heated state, and plunged into the bath of oil, or after being cast and
allowed to cool in the ordinary manner, and if necessary shaped, turned,
planed, or otherwise prepared, such casting may then be rebeated to the

page_text: The tem-
requisite degree, and then plunged into the said bath of oil.
perature of the casting when plunged into the oil should by preference
be at or about that of a red heat, but I in no way limit myself to this
temperature. The castings may in some cases be previously partially decar-
bonized, and they may or may not have an admixture of other metals, such
as wrought iron or steel, according to the purposes for which they are to be
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES, SUITABLE AMONG OTHER USES FOR CONTAINING PASTE BLACKING AND OTHER CHEAP MARKETABLE ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
July 1865. A communication from abroad by Edwin Price, of
Phoenixville, in the State of Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOXES, SUITABLE AMONG OTHER USES FOR CONTAINING PASTE BLACKING AND OTHER
CHEAP MARKETABLE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
among
This Invention relates to a novel mode of manufacturing boxes suitable,
other uses, for containing paste blacking and other cheap marketable
articles. The box in its cheapest form is made round. It consists of two
discs of wood, set respectively in metal boops, which form with their disc the
one the cover and the other the body of the box. The discs are grooved at
their periphery, and by the application of pressure the hoops are attached to
their respective discs, a bead of metal being forced into the grooves. When
the hoops (which may be made of sheet tin or other metal) are thus attached
to their discs the edge of the hoop is turned over, the further to secure the

page_text: disc in position. A lip for the cover to 'rest .on is made in the broader hoop
which constitutes the body of the box by forming a hollow annular projection
thereon by internal pressure. It will be obvious that the metal used must be
sufficiently malleable to yield to the pressure required for effecting the junction
of the metal and the wood. In place of wood it may be desirable, when a
better quality of box is required, to use other materials for the top and bottom,
the same being cut out or moulded to any required shape or pattern, and
finished ornamentally as taste may dictate.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OR MODE OF INDICATING THE NAMES OF STREETS AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left John Murray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1865.
I, JOHN MURRAY, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OR MODE OF INDICATING THE NAMES OF STREETS AND OTHER
PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or method of conspicuously indicating
the names of streets, squares, and other throughfares, whereby considerable
economy both of time, labour, and first cost is obtained over the methods
at present adopted for that purpose. Hitherto it has been the practice
either to paint the names of streets and other thoroughfares by hand or by
the aid of stencil plates direct on to the walls themselves, or on to plates
ortablets to be delivered to such walls by the aid of fastenings, or special
frames have been used, into which a plate or tablet or a series of single
letters forming the name have been inserted; or the names have been
produced in enamel upon metal tablets, which have to be secured to their
places by fastenings. Now all these methods involve a considerable
amount of time and labor, whilst, as the writing is in most cases done by
hand, it becomes comparatively expensive and also rapidly illegible.
According to this Invention it is proposed, in the first place, to dispense
entirely with hand labour in writing or producing the names of the streets,
and to substitute therefor the ordinary printing press or machine, which

page_text: prints the names required upon slips of paper to be applied by the aid of
paste or other suitable adhesive cement to the walls of a street, say, by a
bil poster, who will renew them from time to time as may be found
requisite. As many streets bear the same name, and as the words
"street," "square," "place," "terrace," "court," are in general demand,
very little labour in setting up different "forms" will be required, as any
number of reserve impressions may be taken from the examples given
above to be used as required. It is not assumed that this method of
applying street names will be lasting, but as it will be found so exceedingly
cheep it will be possible to replace the names as fast as they become
defaced or destroyed at a considerable less cost and certainly more
expeditiously than at present.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OP AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING CAUSTIC LIQUOR OR CAUSTIC LEES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nicholson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1-865
'T, THOMAS NICHOLSON, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
OP AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING CAUSTIC LIQUOR OR CAUSTIC LEES," to be as
follows:-
My improved apparatus for making caustic liquor consists of a number of
vats arranged in a consecutive series of, say, six vats. The first vat, No. 1,
is charged with the usual ingredients, such as carbonate of soda and lime;
hot water is then run on from a cistern. A steam pipe runs alongside the
vats, and is provided with cocks to admit steam from a boiler, not in among
the liquor, but into an outer case or jacket. After having sufficiently boiled
the liquor to render it caustic, it is allowed to settle; a quantity of carbonate
of soda and lime is then put into No. 2 vat. A cock or valve is adapted to
the partition between vats Nos. 1. and 2,, so that by continuing to run on.
water into No. 1 vat, vat No. 2 will be supplied with sufficient water for
boiling the contents, which is effected by blowing in steam until the liquor is.
sufficiently boiled or made caustic, as in No. 1. The process is continued
until No. 6 vat is filled, then if the liquor is considered to be sufficiently
strong, or as strong as practicable; it may be syphoned off. By this time the
liquor will be, say, 40 degrees strong, but if it is required to have it stronger
the sludge in No. 1 vat may be dried off. When dried off the solid matters

page_text: may be shovelled out, and easily disposed of. When vat No. 1 is empty,
fresh carbonate of lime may be put in, and the cock or valve between
Nos. 1 and 2 is shut. Water may then be run into No. 2 vat, having first
opened a cock in the return pipe, and the liquor will run along the pipe
to No. 1 vat. When there is sufficient in for boiling, commence to boil, and
afterwards allow it to settle, then run on more water into No. 2 until all is
full; if the liquor in No. 1 vat is sufficiently strong syphon it off, if not, shut
No. 2 cock in partition, and dry off No. 2 vat, and proceed as before. By
means of this improved apparatus the ingredients or carbonate of soda and
lime may be washed until there is nothing left in them. If 6 vats would
not be sufficient, more may be employed, but after six different waters are
run into each vat the carbonate will be all gone.
By my improved apparatus a more perfect washing off of the ingredients
is secured, and the sludge can be easily disposed of, and moreover the liquor
can be brought up to a far greater strength than in the ordinary apparatus,
and can be drawn off at one uniform strength, therefore it will not require so
much boiling down, and thus a number of pans which are most expensive in
consequence of their breaking will be saved, and there will also be a saving in
labour in attending them, and a great economy of fuel in boiling caustic liquor
in order to make caustic soda.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUBBING OR ROLLING WOOLLEN OR COTTON CARDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rothwell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June 1865.
I, THOMAS ROTHWELL, of Ramsbottom, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RUBBING
OR ROLLING WOOLLEN OR COTTON CARDINGS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows:-
I use two rollers placed in front of the carding engine, round which I pass.
a leather or cotton cloth belt sufficiently broad to take in the required number
of cardings, and on the upper surface of the leather or cotton cloth belt I
place a large roller covered either with leather or cotton cloth or cotton corded:
cloth. The roller round which the leather or cotton cloth belt passes nearest to
the carding engine has an oscillating motion given to it in the direction of its
axis of rotation, and the large roller before named has a similar oscillating
motion given to it to the one just named, the motions being such that when the
large roller moves in one direction the other roller moves in an opposite
direction. When the rollers revolve the cardings pass between the surface
of the large roller and the upper surface of the said leather or cotton cloth
belt, and being in short lengths they are delivered by suitable apparatus so
as to overlap each other at the ends, and as they are carried forward between
the large roller and the leather or cotton cloth belt the oscillating motion
rubs or rolls them together and prepares a compact and continuous thread

page_text: ready to be wound on bobbins. I also use cotton corded cloth in place of
the said leather belt when desirable.
The object of my Invention is to more effectually rub or roll the cardings
than has hitherto been done, and also to rub or roll cotton cardings without
the use of oil on the rubbing surfaces as at present required.