Year: 1885

page_text: I, CHARLES ERNEST SPAGNOLETTI of The Poplars Aberdeen Place, London, in
the county of Middlesex, Telegraph Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to render it impossible for a signalman on a
railway to work a signal (particularly a starting signal) at stations, junctious, or
crossings, without the co-operation of the signalman at the block station in
advance, who is controlled by the arrival at, or departure of the train from a
given point. To effect this, I mainly employ an apparatus consisting of a key or
plunger, which when worked raises a lever bar which is pinioned or hinged at one
end, the other end of the said lever bar rests on an armature of an electro-magnet,
which has two catches at the top of it one on each side.
Under the aforesaid lever bar an insulated screen is so arranged with a spring
attached to it, so as to cause it to rise and follow the motion of the lever bar when
worked, so as to prevent the key or plunger being worked a second time until the
lever bar has been released. This is effected by a treadle electrical contact
disconnector, which breaks a circuit when a train or engine passes over the rail
under which the said treadle is fixed, the electrical circuit being completed and
closed by the operation of plunging or pressing the key to release the lock on the
required signal lever at the station in the rear, so that in working the instrument
the armature is held up by the electro-magnet which keeps the instrument locked,
until the train itself releases it, and resets the apparatus for a second operation of
taking off the lock at the cabin in the rear for a following train. At the same
time that the plunger is worked, an electrical current is sent to close the electro-
magnet circuit and hold the armature up and a current is also sent to release the
lock at the station in the rear. This is done by certain springs, connected with the
battery and the line wire, coming into contact with each other while a cam also
raises the lever bar, and the same action also disengages the line wire spring from
a stud, so that in sending a current, the senders own lock is cut off and not
affected There are also three flags or discs, one fixed and two movable. On the

page_text: $$
pressing of the plunger, the moveable discs are thrown up, the front one showing
"lock off." On the signal "train on line" being sent from the station in the rear,
the front disc drops through the aid of an electro-magnet and exposes the second
movable disc labelled train on line," aud, on the arrival of the train, the second
disc is removed by the action of the electro-magnet in the treadle circuit, the
armature of which, holding the lever bar, releases it and resets the apparatus ready
for a second signal to be given when required, and the fixed disc shewing "line
clear" then becomes visible. The catches on the armature are so arranged, that if
any defect should occur in the circuit of the electro-magnet in connection with the
treadle (which the action of pressing the key or plunger connects up) the lever
bar is still held up, so that a signalman cannot release the lock at the station
in the rear for a second train to follow, until the apparatus has been reset
by an authorized person, which is effected by unlocking a small plunger which
mechanically resets the apparatus.
In adapting this instrument for "a single wire system," upon which it is
required that a bell shall also be worked, I use a polarised relay, which by
preference I make as follows:-It consists of a permanent horse-shoe plate-magnet,
with a cross piece connecting its poles; in close proximity to the said poles is fixed
on centres a soft iron arm, which is magnetised from the said permanent magnet by
induction, or is connected to the permanent magnet-An electro-magnet is placed
with its poles on each side of the aforesaid arm, which is moved, making contacts
against springs and closing local circuits as required, according to the current sent.
Of these local circuits one actuates the bell and the other the lock-The contact
springs for closing the circuits are made with two or more tongues, one of them
being so arranged as to be the first to make and the last to break contact and thus
save sparking and fouling the contact points of the other springs.
In applying this instrument to single lines of railway, certain connections are
made and broken by means of a spring and stud or by springs, which render it
impossible for one train to follow another, or one to enter the section in the
opposite direction, while a train is on it.
The treadle I use in working this system consists of a multiplying lever, the
short arm of which is placed under the rail, so that the depression or vibration
caused by the weight or motion of the train may give the required effect, by
breaking the electrical contact. The lever is guided by two uprights-At the
contact making end of the lever (which is the end of the long arm thereof) is
fixed a spring, or springs, upon which rests a cross bar attached to two arms hinged
at one end, the other ends of which have adjustable weights attached thereto. On
the top of the lever is an insulated piece of metal with an adjusting screw, or
screws, against which the lever spring or springs press, so that on the depression of
the rail beneath which the short end of the treadle, or lever, is fixed, the other end
of the said treadle is raised and the weights resting on the spring prevent its
immediately responding to the motion of the lever and the electrical contact
between the spring and the adjusting screw is severed, and the current in the
circuit is interrupted, which releases the armature from the electro-magnet in the
instrument, resetting the apparatus for another signal. By preference I fix these
treadles as follows:-On a cross-sleeper road, I fix the treadle on the sleeper, the
chair being lowered about one sixteenth of an inch below the bottom of the rail, so that
the rail shall deflect to that extent before touching the chair and taking its bearing.
This is ample to give all the motion required. If chairs are not used and the
rails are bolted or otherwise fixed to the sleepers, the bolts should not be tightened
at this point, which will have the same effect in allowing play in the rail-This
treadle is also self-adjusting through the play of the hinged aruns so that the
packing of the rail does not affect it. For working junctions with the aforesaid
apparatus, I use a switch or commutator with a turning handle, which joins
wires from various lines to the instrument at the junction, only one of which can
be joined at a time, so that the starting signal on one branch only, can be lowered
for a train to approach, and no other signal can be lowered for a second train to

page_text: approach, until the first train has arrived at and passed the required clearing point
at the junction.
My improved signal lever lock, which is used in conjunction with this system,
and forms part of my said invention, is constructed as follows:-on the catch rod
or back of the signal lever is fixed a pin, which when the lever is at the danger
position (fits into a cast iron case which encloses the lock) and goes into a movable
iron jaw, the action of this jaw is controlled by an electro-magnet, attached to the
armature of which is a catch and pin, which when the armature is pulled up to
release the jaw and in so doing leaves the lever free, is held there and will so
remain until the lever is pulled over, but when it is replaced to danger, the move-
ment releases the jaw to come down and release this catch from the pin of the
armature, then returning to its normal position, when the jaw is again locked,
which locks.the lever it controls.
On the top of the jaw are fixed two springs, one to make contact on a stud
which joins up the circuit of an indicator used for shewing when the lock is "on."
or "off," the other (when a relay is used) puts the line to earth instead of the
current going through the coils of the relay, but this does not occur until the
current has done its required work by pulling the lock armature up.
The apparatus, which is the subject of my invention is applicable not only to
the locking of levers and signals on railways, but also for other purposes where
such locking apparatus may be employed, as for instance to doors, or gates, worked
in connection with signals.

page_text: of Trains on Double and Single Lines on Railways, and for
other Purposes.
I, CHARLES ERNEST SPAGNOLETTI of The Poplars Aberdeen Place, London, in the
county of Middlesex Telegraph Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
- described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The main objects of this invention are firstly to render it impossible for a
signalman on a railway to work signal (particularly a starting signal) for running
trains at stations..iunction
at ..
ssings without the co-operation of the signalman
e, who is himself controlled by the arrival at, or
station from a given point; secondly, to render it
o work points and signals for certain roads or sidings
unting purposes if they conflict with one another, or for a train to leave a
station or pass a given signal if the said signal is not lowered for it.
To effect these objects, I mainly employ apparatus which I will now proceed to
describe by reference to the accompanying three sheets of drawings, in which,
Figure 1 sheet 1 is a front elevation of the instrument placed in the signal box or
other required place.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the electro magnet coils in the said instrument,
connected with a "treadle" circuit.
Figure 3 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 4 is a plan of a polarised relay in the instrument, for ringing a bell and
taking off the lock by local circuits.
Figure 5 shews a disc that is dropped by the action of the bell coils after the
instrument has been worked to take off a lock.
Figure 6, Sheet III, is a front elevation of a similar instrument of somewhat
modified construction.
Figures 7 and 8, Sheet II, are front elevations of a portion of the interior of the
said modified instrument, shewing the parts in two different positions.
Figure 9, Sheet II, is a plan of a modified form of polarised relay, used in the
above modified instrument.
Figure 10, Sheet II, shews in front elevation a bell key with a disc, controlled
by a mechanical switch used in the above modified instrument.
Figure 11, Sheet III, is a plan of a plunger, used in both forms of the instrument.
Figure 12, Sheet I, shews a diagram of a switch, used in converting a double line
instrument into a single line instrument.
Figure 13, Sheet I, represents the lock for the signal or other lever, shewing
"lock off."
Figure 14, Sheet I, represents the same apparatus, shewing "lock on."
Figure 15, Sheet II, represents the treadle contact disconnecter, and
Figure 16, Sheet II, is a modified form of the same apparatus.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts throughout the figures..

page_text: In Figure 1, shewing the front of the instrument A, is the plunger, B, is the
lower aperture through which the discs hereinafter described are seen, C is the upper
aperture, shewing the indications of the lock, D is a red bell key, E is a white bell
key, and F is a locked up plunger, for resetting the instrument by hand, and G is
a switch handle for converting a double into a single line instrument.
This figure shews the general arrangement, but the positions of the openings &c,
may be modified if desired.
The key, handle, or plunger, A, is provided with a disc or flange A¹, when the
said plunger is pushed in, the disc A¹ comes in contact with and partly rotates
a cami H, (pivotted to the upright H) which then raises a lever bar J, pivotted
at J1, at one end. The other end of the said bar, when so raised, pushes the
armature K towards the poles of the electro maguet L and closes the circuit
through the spring M.
When the circuit is complete, the armature K is held up to the magnet and the
bar J retained in a catch K¹ in the said armature, but if from any cause a defect
should occur in the circuit of the electro magnet L, which includes the treadle
disconnector, which said circuit is connected up through the spring M, by pressing
the plunger A, as above described, the bar J will then be retained by the catch K².
A screw or stop N, of insulating material, is pivotted at N¹ and provided with
a spring, as shewn, or a weighted tail end, so that it rises and follows the motion
of the bar J and aloses the opening O through which the end of the plunger A
passes when worked, and thus prevents the said plunger being worked a second
time, until the circuit through the coils L L is broken and the bar J released from
the catch K' of the armature K, by the said armature returning to its normal
position, by means of a spring or other suitable device.
But when through some defect in the circuit, the bar J rests in the catch K³,
as above described, the instrument can only be reset by some authorized person
unlocking the plunger F, Figure 1, which when pressed, pushes forward the arma-
ture K and allows the bar J to fall, by releasing it from the catch K³.
The bar J when raised, as above described, releases, by means of any suitable
connection, the catch.P, Figure 5, from the short arm on the spindle of the disc Q,
so that on a current being sent through the bell coils R R, from the station in the
rear, that is to say the station from which a train is expected to approach, the
hammer armature R¹, strikes a bell (not shown in the drawing) and releases
the catch R, allowing the disc to fall over by means of its weighted end Q¹ and
appear at the opening B in the instrument.
When the plunger A is worked, it not only closes a treadle circuit at M, as
described, but it also by the severance of a spring X from a stud X', cuts off the
senders own lock and the current is put on to the line X by contact with a
spring X, and affects the relay which works the lock at the station in. the rear.
The polarised relay consists of a permanent horse shoe plate inagnet S, with a
crosspiece S¹ connecting the poles. In close proximity to the said poles is fixed on
centres a soft iron arm S³, which is magnetised from the said plate magnet S by
induction, or is connected to the plate magnet.
An electro magnet T is placed with its poles on each side of the aforesaid arm S³
and when a current is sent through the said coils T by the plunger A, as above
mentioned, the arm S2 is moved and makes contacts against springs or by springs
and stops U, closing a local circuit in connection with the lock mechanism,
Figures 13 and 14.
The contact springs fixed on the arm Ss, for closing the circuits, are made with
two or more tongues as shewn (Figure 4), one of them being so arranged as to be
the first to make and the last to break contact and thus save sparking and fouling
the contact points of the other springs.
My said improved lock mechanism Figures 13 and 14, which is used in con-
junction with this system, and forms part of my said invention is constructed as
follows-1 is any ordinary signal, point, or other lever, provided with a catch+
rod 2 working in a quadrant in the usual way.

page_text: On the back of the said catch rod is fixed a stud 3, which when the lever is at
the danger position, see Figure 14, fits into an aperture in the iron case 4 (which
encloses the lock) and enters the iron jaw 5, the said jaw being capable of a certain
amount of sliding motion in a direction parallel to the motion of the catch rod
when in the position shewn in Figure 14. 6 is an electro magnet, having an
armature 7 pivotted at its upper end and held by a spring 8 in such a position,
see Figure 14, over the jaw 5, that the said jaw cannot rise. Consequently the
catch rod 2 cannot be raised and the lever 1 is thus locked.
A catch 9 at the end of a horizontal arm, pivotted to the end of a vertical arm
fixed to the armature 7, slips over a pin 10 when the armature is attracted by a
current being sent through the magnet coils 6, by means of the polarised relay
Figure 4, above described, and holds the armature 7 clear of the jaw 5, so that the
said jaw is left free to rise and the lever can be pulled over.
A lever 11 has its shorter end pressed against the stud 3 by means of a spring 12,
when the said stud is within the jaw 5, see Figure 14, but when the lever 1 is
pulled over, as just described, the long end of the lever 11 is free to rise and a
pin 13 on its outer end lifts the catch 9 from the pin 10. The jaw 5 meanwhile is
held up by the friction of the spring 14, but upon replacing the lever 1 to the
danger position, the stud 3 enters the said jaw 5, and when the catch rod 2 drops
into position, the jaw 5 falls with it, allowing the armature 7 to come forward and
lock the lever as before. A spring 15, with a catch on the top, holds up the end
of the catch 9 after the lever 11 is pushed down and until the catch rod 2 drops
into place.
On the top of the armature 7 are fixed two springs 16 and 17. The spring 16,
when the armature is pulled up, makes contact with a stud 18 and closes the circuit
of an ordinary indicator in the instrument, Figure 1, which shews at the aperture C.
"lock off," or "lock on."
The spring 17 makes contact with a stud 19, and puts the line wire to earth
thus cutting out the coils of the relay, Figure 4, and consequently breaking the
circuit through the lock coils 6, 6, but this does not occur until the current has
done its required work by pulling the armature 7 of the lock up.
Contact pieces, or springs 20, are fixed to the frame 4 of the lock and are severed
by the movement of the armature 7 through an insulated stud 21 on the vertical
arin of the catch 9. The use of these contact pieces will be presently described.
The aforesaid treadle electrical contact disconnector, shewn in Figures 15 and 16,
which I use in connection with this system, consists of a multiplying lever 22
fulcrumed at 23, the short arm of which is placed under or attached to the rail 24,
so that the depression or vibration caused by the weight or motion of a train may
give the required effect, by breaking an electrical contact. The lever is guided by
two uprights 25.
At the contact making end of the lever (which is the end of the long arm
thereof) is fixed a spring, or springs 26, upon which rests a cross bar 27 attached
to two arms 28 hinged at one end 29, the other ends of the said arms 28 having
adjustable weights 30 attached thereto.
On the top of the lever is an insulated piece of metal 31, with an adjusting screw
or screws 32, against which the lever spring or springs 26 press, so that on the
depression of the rail 24, beneath which the short end of the treadle, or lever 22, is
fixed or attached, the other end of the said treadle is raised, and the weights 30,
resting on the spring 26, prevent its immediately responding to the motion of the
lever and the electrical contact between the spring or springs 26 and the adjusting
screw or screws 32 is severed; and the current in the circuit is interrupted, which
releases the armature K from the electro magnet L in the instrument, resetting the
apparatus for another signal in the manner previously described. In a modified
form of the apparatus, I make the contact springs move for breaking the circuit by
a short separate arm 83, Figure 16, which is actuated by the said lever 22 and
weighted at 30 to keep contacts 26 and 32 together,

page_text: This treadle is self-adjusting through the play of the spring 34, at the end of
the lever 22, affecting the tipping piece 33, so that the packing of the rail is not
so liable to affect it. By preference I fix these treadles as follows:-On a cross-
sleeper road I fix the treadle contact breaker on the sleeper, the chair being
lowered about one sixteenth of an inch below the bottom of the rail, so that the
rail shall deflect to that extent before touching the chair and taking its bearing.
This is ample to give all the motion required. If chairs are not used and the
rails are bolted or otherwise fixed to the sleepers, the bolts or fastenings should not
be tightened at this point, which will have the same effect in allowing play in
the rail.
:
For working junctions with the aforesaid apparatus, I use a switch or commu-
tator with a plug or turning handle, which joins wires from various lines to the
instrument at the junction, only one of which can be joined at a time, so that the
starting signal on one branch only, can be lowered for a train to approach, and no
other signal can be lowered for a second train to approach, until the first train has
arrived at and passed the required clearing point at the junction. No drawing is
shewn of this apparatus but any ordinary switch will answer the purpose.
In Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, which shew the modified arrangement of the
instrument described in connection with Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, A is the key,
handle or plunger, B is the lower aperture through which the discs hereinafter
described are shewn, C is the upper aperture, shewing "lock on or "lock off,
D¹ is a bell, with an indicator D, and F, is a locked up plunger, for resetting the
instrument by hand.
"
This figure shews the general arrangement of the openings &c. but these may be
modified as desired.
The plunger A is provided with a disc or flange A', when the said plunger is
pushed in, the disc A¹ comes in contact with and partly rotates a cam H pivotted
at H, the said cam forces the armature K towards the poles of the electro magnet L
and closes the circuit through the spring M. When the circuit is complete the
armature K is held up to the magnet, but if from any cause a defect should occur
in the circuit of the electro magnet L, which includes the treadle disconnector,
which said circuit is connected up through the spring M by pressing the plunger A,
as above described, the armature K will then be retained in position by a catch K'
thereon, which engages with a side armature K³. The plunger when pressed also
partly rotates a second cam V, pivotted at V, which said cam raises a lever W;
which releases a gravity piece W1, allowing it to fall and cover the opening O on
the withdrawal of the plunger, thus preventing the plunger being worked a second
time until the instrument is reset.
It will be understood that the fact of being unable to work the plunger A, a
second time not only as above described but also in reference to the instrument
shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 prevents a signalman from releasing the lock at
the station in the rear for a second train to follow, until the instrument is reset,
either by the treadle apparatus or, (in the event of any defect in the instrument,)
by means of the plunger F, as previously described.
The plunger, when pressed cuts off the senders own lock by the severance of a
spring ✗from a stud X', and the current is put on to the line X by contact with a
spring X, and affects the relay which works the lock at the station in the rear.
Y is a fixed disc, shewn at the opening B, Y' is a disc fixed on a spindle Y².
The disc Y' is held in the position shewn in Figure 8, by means of the catch Y³,
which embraces a pin on the end of the arın Y, fixed to the spindle Y. When
the lever W is raised as before described into the position shewn in Figure 7, it by
means of the rod Z, lifts the arm Z¹.
When a bell signal is sent through the coils R, R, the hammer armature R¹,
strikes a bell (not shewn in the drawing) and' lifts the catch Y³, allowing the
disc Y' to fall into view.
While the armature K is held up to the electro magnet L, a pin 35 on the end
of the said armature prevents the lever W from falling, but as soon as the treadle

page_text: circuit through the coils L is broken, the armature K, by reason of its spring, goos
back, releasing the lever W, which with the rod Z and arm Z¹ fail.
In the arm Z is a pin Z2, which coming into contact with an arm 36, fixed on
the spindle Y', moves the disc Y' again out of sight.
It will be understood that Figure 8 represents the normal state of the apparatus
and Figure 7, the position of the parts after the plunger is pressed and a bell signal
has been received.
The modified form of polarised relay, shewn in Figure 9, Sheet II, consists of a
laminated L shaped plate magnet S. A soft iron arm S' is pivotted at S³ and is
magnetised by induction from. the plate magnet S. An electro magnet T is placed
with its poles on each side of the aforesaid arm S2 and when a current is sent
through the coils of the said electro magnet by the plunger A, as above mentioned,
the arm S² is moved and makes contacts against springs, or by springs and stops U,
closing a local circuit in connection with the lock mechanism Figures 13 and 14.
It will be understood, that the object of the polarised relays heretofore described,
is to enable the currents for actuating the lock and bell, at the station in the rear,
to be sent on a single wire, but more than one wire may obviously be employed if
desired. In double line instruments made according to Figure 1, one bell key
only is required, and two keys for single line instruments, one white E, and
one red D.
The key D, when worked, mechanically locks the plunger A of its own instru-
ment, by raising or moving a suitably formed clutch, which embraces the disc or
flange A¹ on the said plunger, and prevents its further use, until the said clutch is
depressed or moved back by any suitably arranged mechanism actuated by the use
of the white key E.
The means by which the said keys ring bells and actuate discs in the instruments
has already been described.
The said bells and discs are worked by local circuits, which are closed by sending
a current through the polarised relays, by means of the said keys in a reverse
direction to that sent by the plunger A for working the lock mechanism, as before
described.
In the instrument shewn in Figure 1, on pressing the plunger A, a moveable disc,
or discs, in the opening B are mechanically thrown up by any suitable device, and
the fixed one shewing "line clear," appears on the sender's instrument, and at the
other end "lock off," is visible in the aperture by currents sent from lock spring 16,
as before described.
On the bell signal "train on line," being sent from the station in the rear, when
the train leaves, one of the moveable discs Q, labelled "train on line," for double
lines, and "train on line coming" for single lines, drops into sight at the aperture B,
through the aid of bell coils R, as before described, and on the arrival of the train
this disc is removed by means of suitable mechanism in connection with the bar J,
which drops through the interruption of the current in the electro magnet L, in the
treadle circuit, by the train itself. And another disc, preferably coloured green,
shewing "train arrived," then becomes visible at B.
A less number of discs may be employed shewing only "line clear ""
coming," "train on line going," &c.
train on line
In the modified instrument, the method of working the discs at the aperture B
has already been described, and only two indications are preferably shewn.
The bell key used with the said modified instrument is shewn in Figure 10.
When the key D¹ is depressed, a pin 37 pushes back the lever 38 by sliding down
the inclined edge of the said lever and allows the disc 39 to rise and appear at the
opening D² and exhibit "train on line going" or any other suitable indication.
By moving the lever 40 the disc 41, which may also exhibit any suitable indi-
cation, is then brought into view at the same aperture, and at the same time
returns the disc 39 to its former position.
In applying this instrument to single lines of railway, certain connections, con-
sisting of springs 20 and a stud 21, Figures 13 and 14, are made and broken in

page_text: the manner previously described. An instrument can be readily converted from
a double line instrument to a single line instrument or vice versa, by means of
a simple switch as shewn in the diagram Figure 12, in which 20 are the springs,
and 21 the insulated stud in the lock, A is the plunger, and 42 are contact
springs, closed by the switch 43. When the said springs 42 are open, the instru-
ment is arranged for single line working, but when contact is made by moving the
switch 43 into the dotted position the springs 20 are cut out of the circuit, and the
instrument is then adapted for double line working. And it will be observed, from
the said diagram, that, in single line working, during the time contact is broken in
the lock at the springs 20, the plunger at that station is then rendered inoperativo
by reason of the battery power being cut off, so that a signal cannot be given for
one train to follow another, nor for one to enter the section in the opposite
direction, while a train is on it.
This system can be worked in conjunction with block instruments of any
description, if required, or the apparatus can be attached to such instruments, so
that the plunger and indicating discs may be dispensed with, if so arranged.
In order to prevent the driver of a train leaving a station, or passing a signal,
when the signal is not lowered for him to pass, facing points leading to a siding
may be connected to the starting signal lever, and such lever may be locked by
means of my improved apparatus, so that, the train cannot proceed on the main
line until the signal for it to depart is lowered, as, should the train pass the signal
when at danger, it will be shunted into the siding.
Such arrangement is particularly valuable on single lines of railway.
The apparatus which is the subject of my invention is not only applicable to
the locking of levers, which actuate signals and points, but may also be used to
lock levers or other devices operating crossing or other gates, or my said apparatus
may be employed to lock any gate or door directly, without the intervention of a
lever, by any suitable modification; thus, for example, the sliding catch rod or
bolt 2, provided with the stud 3, Figures 13 and 14, may represent a sliding bolt
or other suitable fastening on a gate or door, and it is obvious that such gate or
door cannot be opened until the lock has been released in the manner previously
described.
I wish it to be understood, that in carrying out my invention in practice, I do
not necessarily confine myself to the precise details of construction or arrangement,
which I have shewn and described, and that I lay no separate claim to such parts
of my apparatus as are already known, but having now particularly described and
ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, I declare that what I claim, is:-
(1.) The improved electrical locking apparatus, constructed, substantially as and
for the purposes, herein shewn and described.
(2.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the arrangement of double catches on the
armature of an electro-magnet, so that when no current is on, the armature shall
be held by one catch and lock a plunger A, substantially as herein described and
shewn with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
(3.) In an electrical locking apparatus the arrangement of a side armature on an
electro-magnet, for holding the main armature, when no current is on, and locking
a plunger A, substantially as herein described and shewn with reference to
Figures 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
(4.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the combination therewith of a polarised
relay, constructed substantially as and for the purposes herein described and shewn
with reference to Figure 4, or Figure 10 of the accompanying drawings.
(5.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the method of releasing certain discs by
working the instrument, so that on a bell signal being sent, the current shall
actuate or work the disc or discs by the bell or other coils, substantially as hercin
described and shewn.

page_text: (6.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the system of working or shewing a diso
by the bell or other coils, after the operation of taking off the lock at the other
end, substantially as herein described and shewn.
(7.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the arrangement for a bell key to shew
"train on line going," or other suitable indication, worked by sinall lever, sub-
stantially as herein described and shewn with reference to Figure 10 of the
accompanying drawings.
(8.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the method of converting a double line
instrument into a single line instrument, by a switch or commutator, substantially
as herein described and shewn with reference to Figure 12 of the accompanying
drawings.
(9.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the improved construction of lock in
combination with a signal, point or other lever, or other desired apparatus,
substantially as herein described and shewn with reference to figures 13 and 14 of
the accompanying drawings.
(10.) In an electrical locking apparatus, the combination with the lock, described
in the pregoing claim 9, of springs for controlling the battery power for working
the instruments, substantially as herein described and shewn, with reference to
Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
(11.) In an electrical locking apparatus, a treadle electrical contact disconnector,
constructed with springs and weights, or tipping lever, and actuated automatically
from the rail by the passage of a train, substantially as herein described and shewn
with reference to figures 15 and 16 of the accompanying drawings.
(12.) The combination of my improved electrical locking apparatus with a signal
lever connected to facing points, substantially as and for the purposes hercin
set forth.