Improvements in Pneumatic or other Tyres and Tubes for Conveying Liquids, Gases, or Air.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th May 1000
Complete Specification Lett. 28th Feb. 1900-Accented 26th Mov 1000
Complete Specification Left. 28th Feb. 1900-Accepted 26th May 1000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic or other Tyres and Tubes for Conveying
Liquids, Gases, or Air.
I, JOSEPH HALL, of Hill Cottage, Cropwell-Butler, near Nottingham, in the
County of Nottingham, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic or other tyres, and tubes
for conveying chemicals, liquids, gases, or air, such as are described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me dated the Twenty-ninth day of
October 1897, No. 25,074.
The objects of the present invention are, first, to form the said tyres or tubes
either in a tubular hoop, or in spiral sections, or in sections of flat ring or rings;
second, to provide suitable means for fastening the said sections or portions of
the tyre or tube together; and, third, to provide sealing strips for making the
tyre or tube, say, perfectly airtight or watertight.
According to this invention the tyre or tube may be made of metal, either
plain, folded, pleated, corrugated, crinkled, or in sheets, threads, strips, tubes,
gauze or netting, combined with flexible material such as parchment, paper,
hide, leather, silk, cotton, linen, with or without a waterproof composition
thereon, cork, asbestos, steel, platinum, or a combination of two or more of them
such as, say, crinkled steel and glue or albumen, or crinkled gauze and cement,
or a combination of two or more of them may be combined in one or more thick-
nesses or layers, all as in the aforesaid specification.
The material of which the tyre or tube is to be formed may be cut into suit-
able strips or blanks of the required length and breadth with the longitudinal
edges thereof so formed, or of such a contour as to form the tyre or tube when
spirally wound round, say, a mandril, or otherwise formed. The portions of
the blank forming, say, the rim and tread curves may be respectively, suit-
ably, say, pleated or crinkled for taking up any "pucker" or crease when the
convoluted tube is bent to form the circular tyre, and the spaces of the blank
between the said rim and tread curves may be suitably corrugated for giving the
necessary flexibility and resiliency. The corrugations may run in either a
regular or irregular circumferential, spiral, or other direction, or they may take
a cellular or honeycomb form, so as to protrude on either the inside or outside
of the blank. The corrugations may, or may not also be in the first instance
arranged to vary in widths at the different ends of the blank or sections. The
corrugations when finished may vary in width and depth, as for instance, a
number of the corrugations in the centre may be closed or very fine, whilst the
corrugations on each side thereof may be more open or wider. The corruga-
tions may also be arranged to act as a screw thread or threads, or to form flanges
or joints or strengthening ribs, and their cavities and protuberances may, when
the inner or outer surface is required to be smooth or level, be filled with any
suitable insulating or other material, such as for instance, say, asbestos, india-
rubber. paint, or the like.

page_text: The edges of the convolutions or other portions of the tyre or tube may be
fastened together at the portions that abut, adjoin, or overlap each other by a
variety of ways, such as for example, say, by soldering or rivetting, or eyeletting,
or lacing, or by staples, or by means of slots on one portion and indents on the
other arranged to engage with each other, and to be clenched or wired or other-
wise fixed together. Or the portions overlapping each other may be deeply
indented the one deeper than the other, so that when they are fitted together
both may be clenched together. Or one set of corrugations may be fitted into
another set and both clenched or otherwise fixed together. Or the corrugations
of the overlapping parts may be clenched or otherwise fixed together. Or after
the portions that overlap each other have been placed in position a short piece
of wire may be dropped into a number of the corrugations and the latter closed
over the strips of wire for encasing them therein. Or if desired after the por-
tions that overlap each other have been placed together, one or more corru-
gations may be placed therein transversely or at an angle to those first made or
formed. Or a combination of two or more of the herein before mentioned
methods may be used or employed.
Further, a sealing strip composed of any soft or flexible material such as
asbestos, canvas, paper, silk, cotton, linen, or the like,-which may or may not
be coated with (on one or both sides) an india-rubber, gutta percha, or water-
proof solution for rendering the same air or water proof, or a combination of
two or more of them, may be employed for lining the joints either on the inter-
nal or external surface of the tyre or tube, or it may be inserted between the under
and over-laps of the same.
When the invention is used, say, for tyres, and an inner tube is used, then
the latter may be made of the same material as the sealing band, and the edges
may be sewn, glued, cemented, or otherwise hermetically secured together, or
they may be fastened together in the same way as herein before described for
the corrugations. When the ends overlap each other they are hermetically
sealed together.
The tread band for, say, the tyre, may be formed of any of the herein described
materials or a combination of two or more of them, either in an endless band,
or in strips capable of being wound around the tyre, or a core, and if desired it
may be provided with lateral strips or projections to form a sealing between the
outer cover and serve to attach the inner tube to the outer tube by such strips
being passed in the form of loops through slots in one tube and clenched, or wired,
or soldered, or otherwise fixed on or in the periphery of the rim. The tread band
may or may not be corrugated or otherwise roughened to prevent slipping.
When an outer cover for the tyre is required it may be made of any of the
herein-before mentioned material or materials or a combination of two or more
of them, and it may be corrugated, crinkled, or otherwise roughened on the
outer surface or tread to prevent slipping.
Tubes constructed as herein before mentioned are not only light and strong,
and they may not only be used for conveying chemicals, liquids, gases, or air,
but they may also be used for the frames of bicycles, tricycles, motor cars, and
the like, and joined and secured together by any of the herein described methods.
The angles may also be formed by corrugating or crinkling as set forth in the
before named specification.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic or other Tyres and Tubes for Conveying
Liquids, Gases, or Air.
1, JOSEPH HALL, of Hill Cottage, Cropwell-Butler, near Nottingham, in the
County of Nottingham, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in pneumatic or other tyres, and tubes
for conveying chemicals, liquids, gases, or air, such as are described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me and dated the Twenty-ninth day of
October 1897, No. 25,074.
The objects of the present invention are, first, to form the said tyres or tubes
either in a tubular hoop, or in spiral sections, or in sections of flat ring or rings;
second, to provide suitable means for fastening the said sections or portions of
the tyre or tube together; and, third, to provide sealing strips for making the
tyre or tube, say, perfectly airtight or watertight.
In the drawings hereunto annexed:-
Fig. 1 is a section, and Fig. 2 a plan of a lateral section of a tyre or tube
constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 3 a section and Fig. 4 a plan of a strip for forming a spirally wound
tyre or tube.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are sections and plans of various forms of means for
fastening sections or strips of the tyres or tubes together.
Fig. 11 a sectional elevation of tyre or tube showing a sealing strip, con-
structed according to this invention.
Fig. 12 a sectional elevation of a tyre showing a method of securing its sides
to the rim.
Figs. 13 to 21 are sectional elevations of various forms of corrugations formed
in the material.
Like parts in all the views are marked with similar letters of reference.
According to this invention the tyre or tube may be made of metal, either
plain, folded, pleated, corrugated, crinkled, or in sheets, threads, strips, tubes,
gauze or netting, combined with flexible material such as fibre, parchment,
paper, hide, leather, silk, cotton, linen, or other suitable fibrous material, with
or without a waterproof composition thereon, cork, asbestos, steel, platinum, or
a combination of two or more of them such as, say, crinkled steel and glue or
albumen, or crinkled gauze and cement, or a combination of two or more of them
may be combined in one or more thicknesses or layers, all as in the aforesaid
specification.
The material of which the tyre or tube, hereafter termed the tyre B, is to be
formed may be cut into suitable strips or blanks A of the required length and
breadth with the longitudinal edges thereof so formed, or of such a contour as to
form the tyre when spirally or laterally wound round, say, a mandril, or other-
wise formed. The portions of the blank A forming, say, the rim a and tread
curves al may be respectively suitably, say, pleated or crinkled for taking up any
pucker" or crease when the convoluted tube is bent to form the circular tyre,
and the spaces of the blank between the said rim and tread curves may be suit-
ably corrugated as at a² for giving the necessary flexibility and resiliency. The
corrugations 2 may run in either a regular or irregular circumferential, (as at
Fig. 2), spiral, (as at Fig. 4), or other direction, or they may take a cellular or
honeycomb form, so as to protrude on either the inside or outside of the blank A.
The corrugations may, or may not also be in the first instance arranged to vary
in widths at the different ends of the blank or sections. The corrugations when

page_text: finished may vary in width and depth, as for instance, a number of the corru-
gations in the centre may be closed or very fine, as at a³, Fig. 11, whilst the
corrugations on each side thereof, as at a¹, may be more open or wide. The corru-
gations may also be arranged to act as a screw thread or threads, or to form flanges
or joints or strengthening ribs, and their cavities and protuberances may, when
the inner or outer surface is required to be smooth or level, be filled with any
suitable insulating or other material, such as for instance, say, asbestos, india-
rubber, paint, or the like.
The ends of the convolutions or other portions of the tyre B may be fastened
together at the portions that abut, adjoin, or overlap each other by a variety of
ways, such as for example, say, by soldering, or rivetting, or eyeletting, or lacing
as at b, Figs. 5 and 6, or by staples or by means of slots b¹ on one portion and
indents 62 on the other portion, arranged to engage with each other as at Figs. 9
and 10, and to be clenched as at 63, Figs. 7 and 8, or wired or otherwise fixed
together. Or the portions overlapping each other may be deeply indented-the
one deeper than the other, so that when they are fitted together both may be
clenched together. Or one set of corrugations may be fitted into another set and
both clenched together. Or one portion of alternately closed corrugated material
may be fitted into another portion of closed corrugated material, thus forming,
when the two parts are together, an open corrugation between each of two
clenched corrugations; and in addition thereto a slight transverse indent may
be formed in the overlapping portions, or they may be otherwise fixed together
as before described at 63.
Instead of using the various ways shown in the drawings for fastening the ends
of the portions of the tyre B together, I may employ the following methods,
namely:
After the portions that overlap each other have been placed in position, a short
piece of wire may be dropped into a number of the corrugations and the latter
closed over the strips of wire for encasing them therein. Or, if desired, after
the portions that overlap each other have been placed together, one or more
corrugations may be placed therein transversely or at an angle to those first
made or formed. Or a combination of two or more of the herein before men-
tioned methods may be used or employed.
Further, a sealing strip composed of any soft or flexible material such as
asbestos, canvas, paper, silk, cotton, linen, or the like, which may or may not
be coated with (on one or both sides) an india-rubber, gutta percha, or water-
proof solution for rendering the same air or water proof, or a combination of
two or more of them, may be employed for lining the joints either on the inter-
nal or external surface of the tyre, or it may be inserted between the under and
overlaps of the same. A sealing strip is shown at a Fig. 11, in which case it is
employed for lining the joints on the inside of the tyre B.
When the invention is used, say, for tyres, and an inner tube is used, then
the latter may be made of the same material as the sealing band, and the edges
may be sewn, glued, cemented, or otherwise hermetically secured together, or
they may be fastened together in the same way as herein before described for
the corrugations. When the ends overlap each other they are hermetically
sealed together.
The tread band C for, say, the tyre B, may be formed of any of the herein
described materials or a combination of two or more of them, either in an endless
band or ring, or in strips capable of being wound around (obliquely, peripherally,
or transversely) the tyre, or a core, or with overlapping edge fitting in recess in
underlap, and if desired it may be provided with lateral strips or projections to
form sealing between the outer cover and serve to attach the inner tube to the
outer tube by such strips being passed in the form of loops through slots in one
tube and clenched; or the tread may be wired, keyed, clipped, rivetted, soldered,
cemented, pinned, laced, or otherwise fixed on or to the tyre, tube, outer cover or
rim, or affixed by electricity, or simply sprung into position. The tread band, if

page_text: of metal, may be enamelled, coppered, nickelled, galvanized, or may be tarred,
varnished, or waterproofed as desired. The tread band may or may not be corru-
gated, or otherwise roughened to prevent slipping.
At Fig. 12 a tyre B is shown provided with circumferential corrugations at a³
and lateral or side corrugations at a near the tread band C. The sides of the
tyre are secured to the rim E by being rolled over its curved-in portions as at a".
Or they may be additionally secured to the rim by means of one or more springs,
as shown in dotted lines at a².
At Figs. 13 to 21 I have illustrated several forms of corrugations which I have
found useful in carrying my invention into practice, but the same may be varied
as circumstances require. When the corrugation as at a8, Fig. 13, is closed up,
it will appear as at Fig. 21, and when further pressed together three thicknesses
of material will be formed, providing both strength and resiliency.
At Figs. 14, 15, and 16 are shown the various stages of forming the corru-
gations as at f, Figs. 17 and 20. These corrugations produce three thicknesses
of material when pressed close, and the same result in a different form is obtained
when the corrugations a' at Figs. 18 and 19 are pressed together.
When an outer cover for the tyre is required it may be made of any of the
herein-before mentioned material or materials or a combination of two or more
of them, and it may be corrugated, crinkled, or otherwise roughened on the
outer surface or tread to prevent slipping.
Tubes constructed as herein-before mentioned are not only light and strong,
and they may not only be used for conveying chemicals, liquids, gases, or air,
but they may also be used for the frames of bicycles, tricycles, motor cars, and
the like, and be joined and secured together by any of the herein described methods.
The angles may also be formed by corrugating or crinkling as set forth in the
before named specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A pneumatic or other tyre or a tube for conveying liquids, gases, or air,
constructed as herein described by first cutting the material to the required shape
of blank to form a tubular hoop, or a spiral section, or section or sections of a
flat ring or rings, and then crinkling or folding, or pleating, or corrugating-
or a combination of two or more of them,-the blank or blanks in varying sizes
and at regular or irregular intervals apart to any required depth, in either a spiral,
or lateral, or longitudinal direction, and afterwards wrapping or forming the
same into a tyre or tube substantially as herein described and for the purposes
set forth.
2. In tyres or tubes constructed substantially as herein described and possessing
the features set forth in Claim 1, the combination therewith of the means herein
described for fastening or securing the ends or portions of the tyre or tubes or
sections thereof, together, substantially as herein described and as illustrated in
the accompanying drawing.
3. In tyres or tubes constructed and fastened together substantially as herein
described, the combination therewith of a sealing strip constructed and arranged
substantially as herein described and for the purposes set forth.
4. The combination and arrangement of the various parts constituting the
tyre or tube and the means for fastening its ends, portions, or sections together,
and for the sealing of the joint or joints thereof, substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Twenty-second day of February 1900.