IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1849

page_text: BROOKE'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
WILLIAMSON BROOKE, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day
of March (One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine), in the twelfth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Williamson Brooke, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James
Williamson Brooke, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Williamson Brooke, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said James Williamson Brooke, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Williamson Brooke, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of improvements in those descriptions of lamps which
generate vapour by the heat of the burners of the lamps, and thus keep up the
requisite supply of vapour to the burners.
And, in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
b
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 shows the section of a lamp having part of my improvements
applied thereto; Figures 2 and 3, are two transverse sections of parts thereof;
a is a glass vessel containing the spirit or matter to be vapourised; bis a tube
closed at top, except that there are two small holes c, c, for the passage of
vapour as it is generated by the heat of the tube b, which has heat conducted
to it from the burner d, by the tube e. The holes c, c, are, when desired,
covered by the plate f, which is attached to the bent wire g, which at its lower
end is fixed to the plate or disc h, such plate or disc being readily turned by the
handle i. The tube 6 passes through wood, so as to prevent heat being con-
lucted away from the burner. The liquid, in order to be vapourised, is con-
ducted up by cotton or other suitable material which ascends up the tube b,
and is retained therein by the conical plug j, which also regulates the passage of
the fluid upwards, according as such plug is more or less forced into the tube, and s
prevents the descent of the vapour into the vessel a. This is the means I
prefer for keeping up the supply of liquid, but in place thereof a vessel may
be employed above as heretofore; e is what I call the burner tube, into which
the jet or jets of vapour (according as one or more holes c, c, are employed)
are received from the tube 6, and the same become mixed with air by reason
of the opening in the side of the tube e, and the vapour mixed with air
rushing against the top m, are deflected off thereby, and pass out at the
openings n, and thus the vapour and air become divided into jets and produce
a series of flames, the heat of the burner being conducted by the tube e down
to the tube b, and thus is the liquid vapourized, and a constant supply kept up
to the burner.
Figures 4 and 5 show the instrument for forcing up the fibrous material
into the tube b. By this arrangement it will be seen that this lamp differs

page_text: from those heretofore made, inasmuch as the vapour, being generated, does
not have to pass downwards through a small passage from the heated burner
to the orifice of escape, and yet it retains that arrangement which is so
important, videlicet, that the vapour and air having become mixed are divided
in numerous streams where the same are burned.
I would remark that lamps have before been made wherein the liquid to be
vapourized has been raised by capillary means, and burners have before been
made wherein the vapour (generated from the liquid without the employment
of capillary action) after descending from the highly heated burner has
ascended and mixed with air, and then come against a button or surface, and
has been deflected off and divided into several streams, and so lighted. And I
mention these matters in order to state that I do not claim either of these two
systems separately, this part of my Invention depending on the so arranging
apparatus that the combined action of the two may be brought into action in
the same lamp. And also the so arranging lamps that when no capillary
means are used for the supply the vapour shall not be caused to descend
through small passages after leaving the heated burner, but on the contrary,
that the vapour shall, without descending from the burner, pass into a com-
partment to be mixed with air, and then be deflected off and divided into
streams at the burner.
Figure 6 shows the section of another burner acting similarly to that abov
described, but it differs therefrom inasmuch as the vapour rises up through
an inner tube, and is then deflected downwards, and descends and passes away
at the side openings of the pipe or tube k.
Figure 7 shows a plan and part of a vertical section of another burner k,
which is to be arranged like that at Figure 1; but in place of the vapour
mixed with air being caused to descend, and be divided into numerous
streams, after striking against the top or upper part of the tube it will rush
through the slit or narrow opening formed therein, and thus produce a flat
flame.
Another part of my improvements consists of improvements in the burners
of pressure lamps, that is, that class of lamp wherein the column of fluid
causes it to press into the burner and be vapourized by the heat of the
burner. Figure 8 shews a burner according to this part of the Invention, the
peculiarity of which is, that it is open at top, and the liquid passing into the
interior of the burner ascends into the bent tube y, and there being an
opening c on the under side, the vapour as it is generated descends downwards,
and strikes the upper part of the burner, and thus becomes mixed with air ;
the vapour and air then are deflected off and ignite.

page_text: Another construction of burner for such pressure lamps is shown at
Figure 9, which represents the same by a side view, a plan, and a front view,
the opening outwards being so formed that the jet rushes against the surface
w, and in flaming offers a good and cheap light.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the saine is to be performed, I would remark, that I do not confine
myself to the details as herein described, so long as the peculiar character of
either part of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is,
First, the mode of constructing lamps described in respect to Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, and 6; I also claim the mode of obtaining a flat flame described at
Figure 7.
And, secondly, I claim the construction of burners described in respect to
Figures 8 and 9.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Williamson Brooke, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
JAMES WILLIAMSON (L.s.) BROOKE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid James Williamson Brooke came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.