I- PROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING OVENS, AND APPLYING WROUGHT-IRON TUBULAR APPARATUS FOR CIRCULATING HOT WATER TO HEAT THE SAME." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Angier March Perkins, of No. 6, Francis Street,
Regent Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "I-
PROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING OVENS, AND APPLYING WROUGHT-IRON TUBULAR
APPARATUS FOR CIRCULATING HOT WATER TO HEAT THE SAME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Angier. March Perkins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1864.
I, ANGIER MARCH PERKINS, of No. 6, Francis Street, Regent Square, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING OVENS, AND APPLYING WROUGHT-IRON TUBULAR
APPARATUS FOR CIRCULATING HOT WATER TO HEAT THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
In order to obtain a more perfect means of preventing the escape of the
steam which is evolved from bread while baking, an oven is as nearly as
practicable made steam-tight by forming it of sheet iron properly rivetted
together, instead of being made simply of brick, as is now usually done; the
oven is also encased in sheet iron, leaving a space of about two inches between

page_text: the oven and the case; the whole is then covered with another case of sheet
iron or with some proper non-conducting material.
This Invention has also for its object a more perfect means of preventing
hot water pipes being subjected to unduo pressuro after they have been
heated sufficiently high to bake bread and biscuits. I effect this object by
making the furnace of sheet iron tightly rivetted together, with well fitted
doors for the purpose of making it as air-tight as practicable. To the ash-pit
of the furnace is tightly fitted an air-tube of suitable capacity to admit the
necessary air to the furnace for combustion. In this air tube are fitted two
throttle valves, cach valve has an axis projecting through the tube, the axis of
one of the valves has a handle fixed to it, that is to be actuated by the hand;
the axis of the other valve is attached to a lever, which is in connection
with a piston actuated by the pressure of the hot water within the pipes
in a manner well understood; an alarm beli is also attached to the lever,
so that at a given pressure the lever touches a catch, which trips and sots
in motion the alarm.
Further, to prevent undue pressure, the coils are set in the furnace in the
following manner:-The coils aro wound up so as to touch each other on
three sides; on the fourth side the coils are a little separated, so as to make
the joints readily, and to adinit of the heat passing between them into the
flue. There is a partition of fire-brick placed between the fourth side and the
other three sides. The space between the three close sides and the brick
partition forms the fire-place, in which there is a suitable grate for the coals
to rest upon. One of the three sides (that opposite the brick partition) is
left open above the top of the coils to admit of the passage over the top of the
coils of the flame and heat, instead of through the pipes and under them, as
they are usually set. The flame and heat then descend and pass right and
left along the two sides of the coil, which are close into the back of the
furnace, where the coils are separated behind the brick partition, from thence
to the flue. In order to keep the circulating apparatus in proper working
condition as respects the supply of water, water is supplied to the apparatus
by means of a compound pump, having two plungers, one of small and one of
larger diameter; both are actuated by one handle, and have valves common
to both plungers. It is necessary to pump in a small quantity of water
occasionally when the apparatus is at work under pressure, which can be done
with the small plunger; and it is also necessary to pump a larger quantity of
water through the pipes occasionally when not at work and not under pressure.
In this latter case the larger plunger is used in conjunction with a pumping-

page_text: through valve, which is so arranged that it shall be closed by the force of
the pump, and thus prevent the water from flowing except in the direction
required to fill the pipes, and work them out through a T piece applied for
the purpose. In joining the various parts of the apparatus together,
separate T pieces and sockets are used, with right and left hand screw
joints, instead of the several pieces being welded on to one piece with cones
and straps, and with bolts and nuts, as described in the Specification of my
former Patent, dated the 11th February 1851 (No. 13,509.)
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Angier March Perkins in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, ANGIER
MARCII PERKINS, of No. 6, Francis Street, Regent Square, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Angier March Perkins, Her special licence that 1, the said Angier
March Perkins, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Angier March Perkins, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING OVENS, AND APPLYING WROUGHT-IRON
TUBULAR APPARATUS FOR CIRCULATING HOT WATER TO HEAT THE SAME," upon the
condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Angier March Perkins, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of. their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Angier March Perkins, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
In order to obtain a more perfect means of preventing the escape of the
stenin which is evolved from bread while baking, an oven is as nearly as
practicable made steam-tight by forming it of sheet iron properly rivetted
together, instead of being made simply of brick, as is now usually done;
the oven is also encased in sheet iron, leaving a space of about two inches
between the oven and the case; the whole is then covered with another
case of sheet iron or with some proper non-conducting material.
This Invention has also for its object a more perfect means of preventing
hot water pipes being subjected to undue pressure after they have been
heated sufficiently high to bake bread and biscuits. I effect this object by
making the furnace of sheet iron tightly rivetted together, with well fitted
doors for the purpose of making it as air-tight as practicable. To the
ash-pit of the furnace is tightly fitted an air tube of suitable capacity to
admit the necessary air to the furnace for combustion. In this air tube are
fitted two throttle valves, each valve has an axis projecting through the
tube, the axis of one of the valves has a handle fixed to it, that is to be
actuated by the hand, the axis of the other valve is attached to a lever,
which is in connection with a piston actuated by the pressure of the hot
water within the pipes in a manner well understood; an alarm bell is also
attached to the lever, so that at a given pressure the lever touches a catch,
which trips and sots in motion the alarm.
Further, to prevent undue pressure, the coils are set in the furnace in the
following manner: The coils are wound up so as to touch each other on
three sides; on the fourth side the coils are a little separated, so as to make
the joints readily, and to adinit of the hent passing between them into the
flue. There is a partition of fire-brick placed between the fourth side and
the other three sides. The space between the three close sides and the brick
partition forms the fire-place, in which there is a suitable grate for the coals to
rest upon. One of the three sides (that opposito the brick partition) is left
open above the top of the coils, to admit of the passage over the top of the
coils of the flame and heat instead of through the pipes and under them, as
they are usually set. The flame and heat then descond and pass right and
left along the two sides of the coil, which are close into the back of the
furnace, where the coils are separated behind the brick partition, from thence

page_text: to the flue. In order to keep the circulating apparatus in proper working
condition as respects the supply of water, water is supplied to the apparatus
by means of a compound pump having two plungers, one of small and one of
larger diameter, both are actuated by one handle, and have valves common to
both plungers. It is necessary to pump in a small quantity of water occa-
sionally when the apparatus is at work under pressure, which can be done
with the small plunger, and it is also necessary to pump a larger quantity of
water through the pipes occasionally when not at work and not under
pressure. In this latter case the larger plunger is used in conjunction with a
pumping-through valve, which is so arranged that it shall be closed by the
force of the pump, and thus prevent the water from flowing except in the
direction required to fill the pipes and work them out through a T piece
applied for the purpose. In joining the various parts of the apparatus
together, separate T pieces and sockets are used, with right and left hand
screw joints, instead of the several pieces being welded on to one piece with
cones and straps, and with bolts and nuts, as described in the Specification of
my former Patent, dated the 11th February 1851, No. 13,509.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a side elevation, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 a back
view of an oven and apparatus constructed and combined according to my
Invention.
A, A, A, is the oven, shewn separately in Figures 4, 5, and 6, consisting of
three cases of sheet iron made as nearly as practicable steam-tight. Within
the oven are tubes of wrought iron connected to coils of tubes set in a wrought-
iron furnace B, and forming with the necessary expansion tube and filling
tube a hot water apparatus. B is the furnace, shewn separately in Figures
7,8, and 9, which is made as nearly as practicable air-tight as follows:- It is
made of wrought iron tightly rivetted together, with well fitted doors for
feeding the furnace with fuel and clearing out the cinders. In addition to
the doors there is a tightly fitted air tube C to the ash-pit, of suitable capacity
for admitting air for the combustion of the fuel. In this air tube are fitted
two throttle valves D, E. The valve D is to be regulated by the pressure of
the hot water in the tubes in the following manner:-A plunger moving in a
smooth cylinder gives motion to a lever, which is attached to the axis of the
throttle valve D. The slightest movement of the plunger will actuate the

page_text: valve 1), and either open or close the air tube as may be necessary to regulate
the pressure by the admission of more or less air. On the same axis of the
throttle valve D is fixed a spring dial, by which the pressure may be read off
in the usual way. The other throttle valve E has an axis which may be
actuated by the hand independently of the regulating throttle valve.
alarum bell F is also so fixed in connection with the lever of the regulator
that at a given pressure the lever touches a catch, which trips and sets in
motion the alarum.
An
Further, to prevent undue pressure, the coils G are set in the furnace in
the following manner:-The tubes are wound up in two separate coils, so as
to touch each other on three sides; on the fourth side the coils are a little
separated, so as readily to make the joints, and to admit of the heat passing
between the tubes into the fluc. There is a partition of fire-brick placed
between the fourth side and the other three sides. The space between the
three closed sides and the brick partition forms the fire-place, in which thero
is a suitablo grate for the fuel to rest upon. One of the three sides (that
opposite the brick partition in front) is left open above the top of the coils, to
admit of the passage over the top of the coils of the flame and heat, instead of
between the tubes and under them, as they are usually set. The flame and
heat then descend, and pass right and left along two sides of the coils, which
are close into the back of the furnace, when the coils are separated behind
the brick partition, and from thence to the flue. In order to keep the
circulating apparatus in proper working order as respects the supply of water,
the water is supplied to the apparatus by moans of a compound pump H, a
section of which is shewn on a larger scale in Figure 10, having two plungers,
one of small and one of larger diameter, both of which are actuated by one
handle, and have valves common to both plungers. It is necessary to pump
into the tubes a small quantity of water occasionally when the apparatus is at
work under pressure, which can be done with the small plunger; it is also
necessary to pump a larger quantity of water through the tubes occasionally
when not at work and not under pressure. In this latter caso the larger
plunger is used in conjunction with a pumping-through valve 1, which is so
arranged that it shall be closed by the force of the pump, and thus prevent
the water from flowing except in the direction required to fill the pipes and
wash them out through a T piece applied for the purpose. In joining the
various parts of the apparatus together, separate T pieces and sockets are
used with right and left screw joints, as shown at Figure 11, instead of the
several T's being welded on to one piece, or with cones and straps, and with

page_text: bolts and nuts, as described in the Specification of my former Patent, dated
the 11th of February 1851 (No. 18,509).
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is the
combined construction herein described of an oven and apparatus for heating
the same by hot water.
In witness whereof, I, the said Angier March Perkins, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
ANGIER MARCH PERKINS. (L.S.)