Improvements in Apparatus for Refrigerating and Ventilating the Cargo, or Store-rooms, and other parts of Ships.
Year: 1899

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1900-Accepted, 26th May, 1900
Improvements in Apparatus for Refrigerating and Ventilating the
Cargo, or Store-rooms, and other parts of Ships.
.
We, FRÉDÉRIC FOUCHE, LUCIEN SAVATIER, CHARLES DE LAGABBE, and ADRIEN
BOCHET, all of 38, Rue des Ecluses St. Martin, Paris, in the Republic of France,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for effecting the refrigeration and ventila-
tion of the different parts of ships and more especially of the cargo, or store-
rooms.
In certain parts of modern ships the temperature rises abnormally and is apt
to result in great inconvenience to the passengers, as well as injury to the cargo,
or goods on board.
Attempts have been made to remedy this inconvenience and injury by ener-
getic ventilation or by the employment of refrigerating machines analogous to
those used for the manufacture of ice. The ventilation is inefficient in locali-
ties where the temperature is high and refrigeration is not often employed because
it is costly and considerable power is required to produce the cooling effect
required.
The object of our invention is to obtain refrigeration and ventilation of the
parts of ships by air cooler than the outer air and freed from a sufficient portion
of its moisture to prevent condensation in the parts or chambers whereto it is
supplied. In order to obtain this result, we take the air, either from the interior
or the exterior of the ship (preferably the latter) and cause it to pass through
a temperature-interchanger, in which a current of sea water taken from a suffi-
cient depth, is caused to pass in a direction opposite to that of the air, the air
being thus brought to a temperature very nearly the same as that of sea water
and, in cases where an interchanger with direct contact is employed, to a tem-
perature lower than that of the sea water. As this cooling results in the con-
densation of a portion of water which is suspended in the air, we intercept or
remove particles of water in suspension by employing a centrifugal separator or
a separator with a baffle plate, and we discharge the water so separated.
If, by reason of the too high temperature of the sea water, the action of the .
interchanger is insufficient to impart the temperature required in the places to
be cooled, then a second interchanger may be used in which a fluid previously
cooled by a refrigerating machine, is caused to circulate, this interchanger being
placed behind the first interchanger. The refrigerating machine having only
to complete the cooling obtained in a great measure by the sea water, need be
of but small power.
For the purposes of our invention, we may employ any suitable description
of temperature-interchanger acting by contact with surfaces or by direct con-
tact and any suitable description of water separator and any suitable descrip-
tion of refrigerating machine. We may employ an interchanger with large
surfaces so arranged as to act as separators.

page_text: The following is a convenient construction of apparatus according to our
invention suitable for instance for refrigerating and ventilating store-rooms.
The apparatus consists of a system of tubes surrounded by a casing the ends
of which are tube plates through which the tube ends pass so as to communi-
cate with spaces enclosed by end covers. The air to be cooled is conveyed into
the apparatus by a fan which may be worked by electricity and is arranged in a
tubular part communicating with the casing towards one end of the tubes. This
air circulates around the tubes and is caused to take a circuitous path by baffle
plates and it leaves by a conduit communicating with the casing towards the
opposite end of the tubes.
The feeding of sea water into the tubes is effected by means of a pump which
may also be worked by electricity, drawing the water in by a pipe and forcing it
through another pipe into the space enclosed by one of the end covers and thence
through the tubes and into the space enclosed by the other end cover whence it
escapes by a pipe back into the sea.
Another similar arrangement in which a fluid previously cooled by a refrige-
rating machine, acts as the cooling medium can be arranged in continuation of
the first apparatus. The object of the second apparatus being to further cool
the air when the lowering of the temperature otherwise is insufficient.
As the direction, in which the air moves is opposite to that in which the cooling
medium moves, the cooling takes place systematically. The lowering of the
temperature of the air causes condensation of moisture contained therein; this
moisture so condensed flowing along inclined surfaces and escaping by openings
at bottom, where automatic discharging devices are arranged which allow the
water to pass out without air being discharged with it. In order to completely
separate the small water particles in suspension in the air, a centrifugal sepa-
rator or one provided with a baffle may be arranged at the outlet for the air from
the interchanger. The cleaning of the tubes is effected very easily by removing
the end covers.
The arrangement described may be modified for example, the fan and the
pump may be replaced by equivalent devices; and the air may be passed through
the tubes, and the water or refrigerating agent around the exterior of the tubes,
and cooling surfaces of other form than tubes may be used.
Dated this 26th day of July 1899.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Apparatus for Refrigerating and Ventilating the
Cargo, or Store-rooms, and other parts of Ships.
We, FRÉDÉRIC FOUCHÉ, LUCIEN SAVATIER, CHARLES DE LAGABBE, and ADRIAN
BOCHET, all of 38, Rue des Ecluses St. Martin, Paris, in the Republic of France,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
-
This invention relates to apparatus for effecting the refrigeration and ventila-
tion of the different parts of ships and more especially of the cargo or store-
rooms.
In certain parts of modern ships the temperature rises abnormally and is apt
to result in great inconvenience to the passengers as well as injury to the cargo
or goods on board,

page_text: Attempts have been made to remedy this inconvenience and injury by ener-
getic ventilation or by the employment of refrigerating machines analogous to
those used for the manufacture of ice, but this ventilation is inefficient in locali-
ties where the temperature is highr and refrigeration is not often employed because
it is costly and considerable power is required to produce the cooling effect
required..
The object of our invention is to obtain refrigeration and ventilation of the
parts of ships by air cooler than the outer air and freed from a sufficient portion
of its moisture to prevent condensation in the parts or chambers whereto it is
supplied. In order to obtain this result we take the air, either from the interior
or the exterior of the ship (preferably the latter) and cause it to pass through
a temperature interchanger, in which a current of sea water taken from a suffi-
cient depth is caused to pass in a direction opposite to that of the air, the air
being thus brought to a temperature very nearly the same as that of sea water
and in cases where an interchanger with direct contact is employed to a tem-
perature lower than that of the sea water. As this cooling results in the con-
Tensation of a portion of water which is suspended in the air, we intercept or
remove particles of water in suspension by employing a centrifugal separator or
a separator with a baffle plate, and we discharge the water so separated.
If, by reason of the too high temperature of the sea water, the action of the
interchanger is insufficient to impart the temperature required in the places to
be cooled, then a second interchanger may be used in which a fluid previously
cooled by a refrigerating machine, is caused to circulate, this interchanger being
placed behind the first interchanger. The refrigerating machine having only
to complete the cooling obtained in a great measure by the sea water, need be
of but small power. Thus the characteristic feature of our invention is the
refrigeration of the chambers or parts of ships by ventilation effected by means
of air cooled by sea water, the water carried along being intercepted and removed
the cooling of the air being if necessary completed by means of a fluid cooled
by a refrigerating machine.
For the purposes of our invention we may employ any suitable description
of temperature interchanger acting by contact with surfaces or by direct con-
Fact and any suitable description of water separator and any suitable descrip-
tion of refrigerating machine. We may employ an interchanger with large
surfaces so arranged as to act as separators.
The following is a convenient construction of apparatus according to our
invention suitable for instance for refrigerating and ventilating store-rooms.
We will describe it with reference to the accompanying drawing which repre-
sents our apparatus in elevation partly in section.
The apparatus consists of a system of tubes a surrounded by a casing the
ends of which are tube plates through which the tube ends pass so as to commu-
nicate with spaces enclosed by end covers and . The air to be cooled is con-
veyed into the apparatus by a fan which may be worked by electricity and is
arranged in a tubular part e communicating with the casing towards one end
of the tubes. This air circulates around the tubes and is caused to take a cir-
cuitous path by baffle plates d and it leaves by a conduit a communicating with
the casing towards the opposite end of the tubes.
The feeding of sea water into the tubes is effected by means of a pump f
which may also be worked by electricity, drawing the water in by a pipe gand
forcing it through another pipe into the space enclosed by one of the end
covers and thence through the tubes and into the space enclosed by the other
end cover whence it escapes by a pipe k back into the sea.
Another similar arrangement in which a fluid previously cooled by a refrige-
rating machine acts as the cooling medium can be arranged in continuation of
the first apparatus. The object of the second apparatus being to further cool
the air when the lowering of the temperature otherwise is insufficient.
As the direction in which the air moves is opposite to that in which the cooling

page_text: medium moves the cooling takes place systematically. The lowering of the tem-
perature of the air causes-condensation of moisture contained therein, this mois-
ture so condensed flowing along inclined surfaces. m. and escaping by openings n,
where automatic discharging devices are arranged which allow the water to pass
out without air being discharged with it. In order to completely separate the
small water particles in suspension in the air, a centrifugal separator or one pro-
vided with a baffle may be arranged at the outlet for the air from the inter-
changer. The cleaning of the tubes is effected very easily by removing the end
covers and j.
The arrangement described may be modified for example, the fan and the
pump may be replaced by equivalent devices; and the air may be passed through
the tubes and the water or refrigerating agent around the exterior of the tubes,
and cooling surfaces of other form than tubes may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. A process for cooling and ventilating the cargo or store rooms of ships or
other analogous places or chambers, the characteristic feature being to force into
these places or chambers air properly cooled by an interchanger or interchangers
in which the sea water is used and deprived of moisture which it may contain.
2. An apparatus for the purpose described and claimed, the said apparatus
consisting of a multitubular system a provided with baffle plates d, the air to
be cooled being supplied by a fan so as to pass along one side of the tubes and
escape into the chambers or places to be cooled and ventilated whilst the sea
water serving to cool the air is supplied by a pump f and passes along the other
side of the tubes in a direction opposite to that in which the air passes and
subsequently returns into the sea, substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1900.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.