matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OF BELTS, STRAPS, OR BANDS FOR DRIVING MA- CHINERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Rodgers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1868.
I, JOSEPH RODGERS, of Hunslet,. Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED CONSTRUCTIONS OF BELTS, STRAPS, OR BANDS FOR DRIVING MA-
CHINERY," to be as follows:-
The objects of my Invention are,
Firstly. To produce driving belts, straps, or bands of greater strength
and lightness than those in ordinary use.
Secondly. To avoid the annoyance arising from the stretching of
ordinary belts when in use.
And, thirdly. To obviate the necessity of stretching new belts before
use.
I accomplish these results by several means.
By my first plan I propose to use one, two, or more thicknesses of
gauze or woven wire of the required width placed or cemented together
and covered with thin leather, canvas, gutta percha, or india-rubber.
The joints of the ends of the belt or strap I generally prefer to make

page_text: what may be termed as "lap" and "butt" joints, securing such ends
by means of a strip or band placed either over or under, and made of
gauze, wire, tin, copper, zinc, or other suitable material, and I tack or
rivet the ends of the belt through such strip. In some cases I twist
the longitudinal or warp ends of the wires in the form of an eye and
put a tack or rivet through each of such ends, securing the same to the
binding band or strip before named. The edges of the outer cover
may be "butt" jointed in the middle of the strap or at the edge and
rivetted through the gauze or woven wire.
A second plan I propose is taking a series of longitudinal wires
sufficient to form the breadth of the required belt and placing them as
a warp in a loom suitable for the purpose. I weave into them as weft
cotton, flax, or other suitable yarns. In this case, as in the previous
one, a covering of leather, canvas, gutta percha, or india-rubber may
be used and the joints may be the same as in the previous case.
By a third plan I prefer to cover longitudinal and transverse wires
with gutta percha or india-rubber, hemp, cotton, or other suitable yarn
previous to their being woven together as warp and weft. When so
woven they form a complete belt or strap.
By my fourth plan I insert strips of thin steel or hoop iron between
two thicknesses of leather or canvas leaving spaces between each strip,
and I rivet the whole together between such spaces. This style of belt
I consider particularly applicable where pulleys having a convex surface
are used.
My fifth plan consists in coating the gauze or woven wire with
gutta percha or india-rubber or like substances, and thus forming a belt
or strap.
My sixth plan consists in the use of sheet copper, brass, tin, or zinc,
in lieu of the gauze or woven wire named in the first plan.
Lastly, where round bands are required, such for instance as are
used in spinning and other machinery, I use one or more metal wires
dipped as before named or covered with hemp, cotton, or other suitablo
yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRICTIONAL GEARING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Rayner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Albin Warth
and Eberhard Faber, both of New York, in the United States of
America.
I, ROBERT RAYNER, of Lower Clapton, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FRICTIONAL GEARING," to be as follows:-
This Invention, relating to improvements in frictional gearing, consists
in constructing or forming the working face or faces of friction wheels
or gearing of one or more layers of india-rubber or other soft and elastic
material in combination with a protecting layer of leather, felt, or other
flexible or rigid material in such a manner that a more efficient friction
surface is obtained, which effectually prevents the friction wheels or
pullies slipping when in contact. I construct the friction pullies of a
core of wood or metal, and cover the same with a layer of india-rubber
or other soft and elastic material, which is finally covered by a jacket of
leather, felt, or other flexible or rigid material, the leather being secured

page_text: to the core before mentioned by rivetting to a metal thimble or in any
other suitable manner. By these means grooved, flat, or other faced
friction pullies may be constructed so as to effectually prevent their
slipping when in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF POCKET KNIVES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1868.-A communication from abroad by Robert
Wade, of the City and State of New York.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF POCKET KNIVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to improvements in the
handles or hefts of pocket knives, the object being to simplify the fitting
of the springs. In making knives with blades at both ends according
to this Invention the handle may be formed in one piece. The back
will extend the whole length of the handle and the ends will be left
open. An internal projection or shoulder will be formed at both
extremities of the back and likewise one in the middle of its length.
This middle projection is for the purpose of fitting into a corresponding
recess formed in the spring of the knife, which spring is inserted loosely
in the handle and has the projection for its bearing point. It is made
tapering towards both ends, and is prevented by the recess from shifting

page_text: in its place. The projections at the ends of the back of the handle serve
as abutments for the shoulders of the blades when open. Knives having
a blade or blades at one end only may conveniently have their handles
made in two pieces, the main part consisting of one entire side and the
back with its projection in the centre for the spring to bear on, and the
other of a plate to be rivetted on to the main part. In this case one end
of the handle only will have a projection for the shoulder of the open
knife blade to bear on, and the other end of the handle will be closed, a
shoulder being formed as a bearing for the tail end of the spring. A
rivet passes through the projection in the centre of the back of the 1
handle and a second rivet passes through the end of the handle.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOPPING BEER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the. Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th May 1868.-A communication from abroad by William
Sylvanus Haight, of Waterford, in the State of New York, United
States of America..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOPPING BEER,"
to be as follows:
This Invention relates to a new apparatus for hopping beer and for
extracting beer from hops, and consists in the application of a stirrer
between two perforated shelves in the extractor box, which is provided
with an air-tight cover and suitable pipes for drawing off the liquid
and for preventing its overflow. A valve is placed at the lower part
of the apparatus for discharging the spent hops, and there is a pipe for
carrying off the aroma to any place where it may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELESCOPIC ROLLERS FOR USE IN MACHINES FOR DRYING. AND TENTERING FABRICS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ashworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1868.
I, EDWARD ASHWORTH, of Carr Bank, Ramsbottom, near Manchester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TELESCOPIC ROLLERS FOR USE IN MACHINES FOR DRYING.
AND TENTERING FABRICS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of
telescopic rollers for use in machines for drying and tentering fabrics,.
and for other purposes. In drying and tentering machines rollers are
used of which the length is adjustable to suit the width of. the fabric to-
be operated on. The peripheries of such rollers are commonly built up-
of flat metal bars parallel with the axis of the roller, and sliding past.
each other to increase or diminish the length of the roller..
According to my Invention I form the circumference of such rollers
of bars of iron of a T form in section, and to connect such bars with the
discs on the axis by which they are carried I. cut away the web of the
bar for a distance at the end, and the flange I bend or crank downwards.

page_text: so that it may pass through a hole which is formed in the disc at a con-
venient distance from its edge, and I fix the bar by a tap, screw, or
otherwise. The flanges of the bars then stand on a level with the edges or
peripheries of the discs. By constructing telescopic rollers in this way
great stiffness is obtained, and the bars forming its circumference are
fixed without requiring any projecting fastenings liable to injure the
fabrics operated upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER COLLARS, CUFFS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1868.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM DAVIS, of King Edward Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER COLLARS, CUFFS, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of paper
collars, cuffs, and similar articles, and consists in passing the paper from
which the said articles are to be made, or in passing the articles
themselves when made, through a pair of cylinders revolving in close
proximity to one another, on one of which cylinders is engraved or
embossed a pattern resembling linen or other similar material,' the
which pattern is by the weight of the top cylinder on the bottom, or by
other auxiliary weight applied thereto, imparted to the said paper or
paper articles, giving it or them the appearance of linen or other similar

page_text: material. Other patterns or designs may be engraved or embossed on
the said cylinder if required, or both cylinders may be so engraved or
embossed if necessary.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR ENABLING PERSONS TO SUPPORT, RAISE, AND PROPEL THEMSELVES IN AND THROUGH THE AIR, WHICH APPARATUS WHEN FITTED WITH SUITABLE MECHANISM AND RAISED IS ALSO SELF-SUPPORTING AND SELF-PROPELLING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Green Spencer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1868.
I, CHARLES GREEN SPENCER, of 35, Old Street, St. Luke's, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MACHINE FOR ENABLING PERSONS TO SUPPORT,
RAISE, AND PROPEL THEMSELVES IN AND THROUGH THE AIR, WHICH APPARATUS
WHEN FITTED WITH SUITABLE MECHANISM AND RAISED IS ALSO SELF-SUPPORTING
AND SELF-PROPELLING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This apparatus consists, first, of a long T-shaped web, the vertical and
horizontal limbs of which diminish to a point or nearly so at the front
end; and, secondly, of propeller fins or blades on each side of the centre
or vertical web.
At or near the centre of gravity of the apparatus the vertical web is
made hollow to provide space for the body of the person to be supported
thereby, at which point also the propellers are fitted. These propellers
are provided with a kind of universal joint for allowing them to be
worked by the person wearing the apparatus, either horizontally,
vertically, or otherwise as the nature of his movements may require.

page_text: The first part of the apparatus constitutes the supporting, and the
second the propelling media. The supporting webs and propeller fins
are formed of light skeleton frames and stretchers of hollow cane or other
suitable material, with silken or other strong and light fabric strained
thereon. The receptacle for the body is made of light cane interlaced or
basketwork.
In using the apparatus the person in the receptacle operating it
commences by running forward; by this motion the supporting web will
first assume a horizontal and gradually an inclined position, with the
point or fore end upwards, when the resistance of the atmosphere against
the under surface of the upper web will have a lifting tendency, which
is now to be aided by the motion of the fins, the latter serving also to
increase the forward velocity. By fitting the apparatus with suitable
mechanism it may be made to raise and propel itself in such directions
as may be determined, or regulated by an adjusting rudder or other
contrivance in the vertical web to be fixed at starting, or regulated by
cords or lines when in motion.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Houghton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1868.
I, WILLIAM HOUGHTON of the Firm of Knowles, Houghton, and
Company, of Gomersal, near Leeds, in the County of York, Machine
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the "weft fork motion" or the apparatus
employed to stop the action of the loom when the weft becomes either
broken or used up, and the improvements consist in having the rod or
bar upon which the fork is hinged arranged to slide in a bracket or
bearing fixed to the breast beam of the loom, and so that on the beat
up of the lay or "lathe" when the weft is absent (the catch on the
weft fork taking into the weft hammer or lever in the usual manner)
the said rod or bar will be drawn or pushed and caused to slide in or
through the bearing, will strike against the strap guide lever, and thereby
operate it so as to change the strap on to the loose pulley and thus stop
the action of the loom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNON AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coope Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1868.
I, JOHN COOPE HADDAN, of No. 39, Vincent Square, in the City of
Westminster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNON AND IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The Invention comprises with reference to guns without bouched
vents and with bouched vents respectively, that is to say, having the
vent or touch-hole made in the gun itself or made in a plug or stopple
fitted into the gun, forming in the one case the vent itself, in the other
the plug hole with the inner end next to the bore of a conical, tapering,
or trumpet-mouthed shape, which it is believed will prevent in a great
measure the cracks which so frequently occur round the lower part of
the vent or plug hole, and which result in the bursting of the gun. For
this purpose I turn, cut away, or remove from the gun so much of the
edge and of the adjoining metal at the entry or junction of the vent and
of the plug hole into the bore of the gun as may be necessary for the
purpose, and when the vent is bouched, I make the plug to terminate

page_text: at a distance somewhat short of instead of penetrating completely to the
bore of the gun.
For making the said form of plug hole I employ the improved
machinery, which consists of a boring or cutting tool applied to a rod
passed and worked through the plug hole, for which purpose the rod
may have a slot therein or be otherwise suitably prepared to receive the
tool, and for making the said form of vent and also of plug hole I
employ a tool fitted upon a rod or frame, all passed from the muzzle
within the bore of the gun, and by bevil or endless screw gear within
the bore, or otherwise made to move or work from the muzzle.
With reference to lined guns the Invention comprises the interposition
of papier machée between the body proper and the lining of the gun.
The interposed papier machée may be applied in the shape of a tube or
in rings, or in longitudinal strips fixed and secured by the metal inner
lining being driven into its place.
And an improved mode of mounting guns in their carriages herin
contemplated consists in so constructing the guns, including the gun
carriages, without trunnions and without trunnion supports or bearings
as to admit of elevation of the gun by rocking over or upon a rounded
bed or ridge with horns or guides on the carriage to prevent lateral?
motion, and with a strap, band, or other equivalent to hold the gun
down, the breech being provided with means of elevation or depression,
and of steadying the gun from turning on its longitudinal axis. And
the constructing the muzzle of the gun of a spherical or rounded
form, and the carriage of a corresponding form or bearing, so that the ?
gun may be pivoted at the muzzle, in this case also providing against
lateral motion or twist.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TOOLS FOR HEWING OR CUTTING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOUNDS OR MATERIALS OF WHICH SUCH TOOLS ARE MADE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Munro and William
Bennet Adamson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th June 1868.
We, ARCHIBALD MUNRO, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, and WILLIAM BENNET ADAMSON, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING TOOLS FOR HEWING
OR CUTTING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE COMPOUNDS OR MATERIALS OF WHICH SUCH TOOLS ARE MADE to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention in the first place relates to a new method of manu-
facturing tools to be used for the purpose of hewing or cutting stone,
slate, marble, and other substances, and it consists in the manufacture
of such tools in a direct manner, so that when made by this method they
are at once fit for use.
The second part of this Invention relates to the employment of
metallic compounds or alloys as the material of which such tools are
formed.

page_text: In carrying this Invention into practice chills of the proper shape and
size for the tools about to be produced are provided, and the metallic
compound is melted, and when in the melted state is cast into the chills,
the effect of the chill being to harden the material, so that on being
taken out of the chills the tools so formed are immediately fit for use,
the recesses in the chills being shaped to give the tool a sufficiently sharp
edge for the purposes comprised under this Invention. The metallic
compound may be varied as desired, and it consists of iron or steel com-
pounded with other metals or substances, the union of which constitutes
a hard and durable material, at the same time the other metals may be
alloyed or compounded with other substances, and the employment of
iron omitted, it being particularly understood that in the case of each
compound the Invention more especially consists in forming tools by
casting the compound into chills, so that when removed therefrom the
tools are complete and require no further treatment preparatory to use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING LINEN AND OTHER FABRICS OR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hook Davey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1868.
I, WILLIAM HOOK DAVEY, of Blundell Street, Caledonian Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING LINEN AND
OTHER FABRICS OR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus is composed of two steam chests placed in a
horizontal and parallel position the one above the other on a suitable
framing, a space being left between said steam chests for the passage of
an endless chain or apron upon which is placed the linen fabrics or
substances to be dried. This endless chain passes over a drum at either
end of the apparatus, said drums being mounted in bearings, and having
motion imparted by any suitable motive power. The articles or sub-
stances to be dried are laid on at one end of the endless apron, passed
through between the steam chests, and delivered at the opposite end, in
this manner the drying is quickly effected, the speed at which the apron
is driven being of course dependent on the amount of moisture to be
evaporated. A suitable funnel is also provided in communication with

page_text: the space between the steam chests to carry off the vapor produced.
The chain or apron I prefer to form of a double series of rods forming
links of considerable length, the space between which is covered with
wire gauze, canvas, or other suitable material to form a broad surface
for receiving the articles or substances to be dried. Friction rollers
are provided at the junction of each section or link of the apron, which
rollers run on a flange at either side of the apparatus and serve to
support the apron when passing between the steam chests. Steam is
supplied to the steam chests under pressure from any suitable boiler
so as to maintain a constant circulation in the chambers, which have
free communication one with the other.
This improved apparatus is applicable for drying linen and other
fabrics, malt, and other substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
November 1868.
I, THOMAS HILL, of the Firm of Hill and Son, of Euston Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Organ Builders, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORGANS,'
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
organs, the object being to secure a light touch on the keys without
the necessity of having recourse to the expensive process of introducing
pneumatic apparatus or clectricity; the pressure of the air on the valve,
which pressure is communicated to the key, being neutralized by this
Invention.
I propose to effect these improvements as follows:-The chamber
containing the air in a state of compression communicates with the
upper channel, when the valve or pallet actuated by the pressure on the
key is depressed by the connection of a wire beneath it the air then
enters the organ pipe. Below the pallet and also attached to the wire
a valve is placed, and surrounded by an air-tight flexible leather casing,

page_text: so that the pallet and lower valve move in the same direction by mutual
action, whereby the pressure of the air on the pallet will be neutralized
by the corresponding pressure on the lower valve. This compensating
pressure is perfected by means of an air passage, communicating from the
under part of the lower valve through and upwards within the work of
the wind chest, and into the upper channel above the pallet, by which
arrangement the pressure of the air, given from the air compressing
chamber to the upper channel, passes through the air passage to the
lower valve, which is then raised, and closes the upper pallet, which
otherwise would be held down. It follows, therefore, that the pallet
will be subject to an equilibrium of pressure acting vertically in two
directions, and serving to neutralize the pressure on the keys and enable
rapidity of execution to be accomplished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN OR OTHER GRANULAR MATTERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1868.
I, THOMAS SCOTT, of Fushie Bridge, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING GRAIN OR OTHER
GRANULAR MATTERS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the drying of grain or other granular
matters in a rapid, uniform, and economical manner.
The improved apparatus comprises one or more revolving discs upon
a vertical shaft, either alone or combined with alternate stationary
discs, the granular matters being gradually moved over the discs by
stationary or moving blades, and being subjected to a current of heated
air or gases passing over or through them in a direction opposite to that
of their own progressive movement, or only stationary discs may be
used with revolving blades. The heated current may be induced or
assisted by a jet of steam.
The said improved apparatus is susceptible of various modifications,
and in one of these a series of perforated dises alternately fixed and

page_text: movable are arranged in a circular tower or chamber, into the bottom
of which heated air or the heated gases from a furnace are admitted.
The discs fixed on the revolving shaft are somewhat smaller in
diameter than the tower, so as to leave a space round each. The
stationary discs fit the sides of the tower closely, but have openings
forming free passages at their centres. The granular matters are fed
in above, and gradually find their way from disc to disc downwards to
a discharge duct at the bottom, whilst the heated gases pass upwards
alternately outside of the revolving discs and through the eyes of the
fixed discs. Inclined or spiral blades are arranged to act on the
surfaces of the several discs; those acting on the movable discs being
stationary and causing the granular matters to gradually move to and
then fall over the circumferential edges, whilst the blades acting on
the fixed discs are moved simply by being attached to the under sides
of the revolving discs, and cause the granular matters to gradually
approach and then fall through the central openings of the fixed discs.
The vertical shaft is to be driven by any convenient gearing with
arrangements for adjusting the speed, and the revolving motion may be
made continuous or intermittent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Moran at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1868.
I, JOSEPH MORAN, of 15, Merchants' Quay, in the City of Dublin,
Leather Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved mode of attaching the soles
to the upper leathers of rivetted boots and shoes.
In the ordinary manufacture of rivetted boots and shoes the sole is
attached to the upper leather by rivets, the heads of which are exposed
to view and to immediate wear; the boots, and shoes so made being
objectionable to purchasers, firstly, because the sole is liable to slip on
hard surfaces; and, secondly, because the heads of the rivets soon wear
away, whereby the soles become liable to fall off.
This Invention is carried into operation as follows:-A drill or
channel of about one-third the thickness of the sole is cut in the sole
near to the edge; this drill or channel is of sufficient size to hold the

page_text: heads of the rivets, the rivet holes being made in the channel and thic
rivets driven and rivetted in the usual manner upon an iron last, so
that when the sole is fastened to the upper the rivet heads are at the
bottom of the drill or channel, where they can readily be covered by
turning down the leather raised to make the drill or channel, and the
heads of the rivets will not be. at all exposed to view and will not
be worn off until the sole is itself worn out or requires replacing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAPERING NEEDLES OR MAKING UP PACKETS OF NEEDLES FOR SALE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Woodfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1868.
I, WILLIAM WOODFIELD, of the Firm of William Woodfield and
Sons, of Redditch, in the County of Worcester, Needle Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PAPERING NEEDLES OR MAKING UP PACKETS OF NEEDLES FOR SALE," to be as
follows:-
In papering needles or making up packets of needles for sale
according to my Invention I take a rectangular piece of paper of the
kind commonly employed in wrapping up or enclosing needles, the
said paper being creased in the usual way, and I make at about one-
third the distance from one end of the said paper transverse incisions
or cuts, the said incisions extending from the edges of the paper on
either side to the longitudinal creases in the said paper leaving the
middle division of the paper undivided. The sides of the paper below
the cut or divided parts are folded upon the middle division of the
paper and pasted or gummed for a short distance, or a label is pasted
or gummed upon the said folded sides so as to hold or secure them
together. By then doubling the folded paper at its transverse crease

page_text: a case or sheath open at top is formed, the unfolded portion of the
paper, separated by the transverse cuts described being situated above
and on either side the said case or sheath. The needles to be held
in the case or sheath are stuck upon a strip of fabric and enclosed in
a paper wrapper the heads of the needles being by preference exposed
or the needles are enclosed loosely in a paper wrapper. The needles
so wrapped up are introduced into the case or sheath, the heads and
upper ends of the needles projecting from the top of the said case
or sheath. By folding the loose side pieces or wings upon one another
the needles are covered and concealed from view and the wrapper now
presents the appearance of an ordinary wrapper. By finally folding
the flaps at the top and bottom of the case or sheath and tucking or
engaging them together the papering or making up of the packet of
needles is complete. To gain access to the packet of needles the end
flaps are disengaged from one another and the wings or side pieces
opened outwards, when the heads and upper ends of the needles are
exposed and the needles may be removed one at a time from the
packet in the case or sheath, or the packet itself may be removed and
opened and replaced in the case or sheath, the side pieces are then
refolded and the flaps tucked together as before explained.
By my Invention great economy in papering needles or making
up: packets of needles for sale is secured combined with ready access
to the packet of needles so papered or made up for sale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTORS FOR BREECH-LOADING PISTOLS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Richards and Charles
Henry Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st October 1868.
We, THOMAS RICHARDS and CHARLES HENRY CARTER, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTORS
FOR BREECH-LOADING PISTOLS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in attaching in a suitable position upon the
forward portion of the body of a breech-loading pistol a lever of suitable
length in the direction of the barrel; this lever is for the purpose of
working the extractor through the medium of a crank arm or connecting
piece attached to the lever at one end and to the extractor at the other;;
the extractor consists of a sliding bar or blade formed with a ram picce.
at one end for entering the breech-loading chambers, and working.
horizontally in a suitable grooved recess in the body of the pistol by-
means of the lever already named. When the extractor is required to.
be used the free end of the lever is pressed downwards, thereby causing.
the extractor to slide in its groove backwards, when the ram end of the.
same will enter one of the chambers of the breech-loader, and the

page_text: continued pressure upon the lever will cause the extractor to pass up
the chamber and force out the cartridge case at the rear end thereof; the
reverse or upward pull of the lever will withdraw the extractor out of
the chamber, the operation being repeated to extract the cases from the
other chambers of the breech-loading pistol.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CASES FOR NIGHT LIGHTS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Owen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
November 1868.
I, EDWARD OWEN, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CASES FOR NIGHT LIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of cases for night lights so
as to render them fireproof.
According to my Invention the cases, which are ordinarilly made of
paper or cardboard, but which may also be made direct from paper pulp,
are impregnated in the course of their manufacture with tungstate of
soda, phosphate of ammonia, borax, or other of the well known materials
or compounds now used for rendering dresses and other fabrics fireproof.
This impregnation may be effected in various modes, as, for example,
by the admixture of the material employed with the pulp from which
the cases are afterwards made, or by adding it to the paste employed in
fixing the labels on the boxes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECOLORIZING TANNIN JUICES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1868.-A communication from abroad by the Com-
pany or Society "Georges, Bossiere, Desport, and Company," of
Paris, France.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DECOLORIZING TANNIN JUICES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to decolorize tannin juices to render
them suitable for tanning hides and skins. This decoloration is applicable
to all tanning materials, to the American extracts of tannin, to catechus
of all kinds, to the bark and roots of kermes oaks, to divi divi's, and
generally to all materials which produce a red and highly colored tannin.
To effect this decoloration it is necessary to take the refuse or pieces
removed from the hides or skins in the operation of washing (travail de
rivière) to free or deprive them of the lime, and to cause them to dissolve
under heat (by a fire or by steam) at a temperature of about 212° to 300°
Fahrenheit in a quantity of water sufficiently large for the solution to

page_text: remain liquid after cooling and at the same time be clear. As pro-
portions I may mention by way of example about 60 lbs. of the glue
or gluey matter obtained from the refuse of the tannery to 150 lbs. of
water. By mixing this liquid in greater or less quantity with the
material to be decolorized (which is itself made liquid) I decolorize the
latter more or less, that is to say, it loses its red color, and becomes
suitable for tanning. As proportions I may again mention by way of
example 60 lbs. of the gluey matter fresh from the tannery to decolorize
100 lbs. of colored juice. I obtain this decoloration with all the gela-
tinous pastes or pasty matters by dissolving them in about the proportion
of 2 lbs. of the gelatinous matter and 14 quarts of water; they possess
the advantage of giving a decolorizing liquid more limpid, and of
rendering it more efficacious than the raw gluey matters obtained from
the washing (rivière). Salt of Saturn dissolved in acidulated water
decolorizes as well as kaolin (without any other material) being pre-
cipitated in the liquid to be decolorized. Thus, for example, 1 lb. of salt
of Saturn dissolved in lb. of acidulated water will decolorize 25 lbs. of
juice, 10 lbs. of kaolin will decolorize 25 lbs. of colored tannin. The
characteristic feature of this Invention is to decolorize without pre-
cipitating the tanning material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Turner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 14th
November 1868.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of elastic fabrics called union
fabrics, which are made of a combination of silk and cotton weft. The
silk forms the face of the fabric and the cotton the back, and both these
threads form the selvage of the fabric.
According to the ordinary mode of manufacturing these fabrics both
the silk and the cotton pass round the same selvage wire, and from
its peculiar nature the cotton is usually more apparent on the selvage
than the silk, which as it lies closer to the selvage wire than the cotton
becomes buried between the cotton threads and the fabric, thus presents
the appearance of a cotton selvage.
The object of my Invention is to weave the fabric in such a manner
that the silk may be made to cover the cotton weft at the selvage of

page_text: the fabric, and thus present the appearance of a silk selvage instead
of a cotton one as heretofore. This is effected by drawing off a
somewhat longer length of silk than of cotton weft, by causing the
silk weft to pass round the selvage wire when it is raised higher or
dropped lower than when the cotton weft thread passes round it. Or
the same object may be effected by the introduction of a separate
selvage wire for the silk to pass round. This additional selvage wire
is made to stand out a greater distance than the selvage wire for the
cotton. As the cotton weft will pass round the inner selvage wire
and the silk weft round the outer selvage wire, the silk will by this
means be drawn off a little longer than the cotton, and will consequently
cover the cotton and produce the appearance of a silk selvage instead
of a cotton one as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES TO ILLUSTRATE THE PROPULSIVE FORCE OF STEAM AND THE ACTION OF THE SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Sutton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1868.
I, CHARLES THOMAS SUTTON, of 108, Holloway Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES TO
ILLUSTRATE THE PROPULSIVE FORCE OF STEAM AND THE ACTION OF THE SCREW
PROPELLER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be
used for educational purposes to illustrate the propulsive force of steam
and the action of the screw propeller. For this purpose I construct a
small or model boat of sheet metal and arrange it to be propelled by
a screw propeller in the following manner :-The boat has a double
bottom, and spirit or oil is supplied to the cavity or space between
the two bottoms. Burners are arranged on the inner bottom, and
immediately over them there is placed a boiler which is filled with
water. The steam generated in this boiler is conducted away by a
pipe on which is an engine, and the steam issues therefrom in a
direction at right angles or thereabout to the length of the vessel.

page_text: The screw propeller is placed in the ordinary position at the stern of
the vessel, and the propeller shaft is inclined and passes up a tube
fixed in the stern. The tube extends above the water level so that
no stuffing box is required, the water being prevented by the tube
from entering into the vessel. The outer end of the propeller. shaft
turns on a centre carried by the stern post, and its inner end has a
number of radial arms upon it carrying discs or cups. The steam
issuing from the orifice above mentioned strikes the discs or cups, and
so causes the propeller shaft to revolve, and thus the vessel is propelled.
A NEW OR IMPROVED POWDER OR COMPOSITION FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING ARTICLES MADE OF STEEL, IRON, COPPER, BRASS, OR METALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander McKnight at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th February 1868.
I, ALEXANDER M°KNIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED POWDER OR COMPOSITION FOR CLEANING
AND POLISHING ARTICLES MADE OF STEEL, IRON, COPPER, BRASS, OR
METALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a powder or composition made in the
manner herein-after described, which said powder or composition when
applied to the cleaning and polishing of articles made of steel, iron,
copper, brass, or other metals gives thereto a very high polish free
from the red or brown tinge which is usually left on such articles by
the use of the ordinary polishing powders.
The following is the composition in parts by weight of my new or
improved powder or composition :-
Flour emery
Superfine emery
•
10 parts.
1 parts.

page_text: Staffordshire iron ore or other similar ore cal-
cined and finely powdered
-
1 parts.
of a part.
The same calcined iron oro less finely powdered- 1 parts.
Vegetable black
These powders are intimately mixed, and in order to destroy the
dusty character of the powder I add to cach pound about an ounce of
any kind of common oil. The said oil is put into the barrel or other
apparatus employed for mixing the powders and during the incorporation
of the powders is absorbed by them, after which the mixture is not
liable to fly about when being used.
I have found the proportions herein-before given answer well in
practice but I do not limit myself to those precise proportions as
they may be varied within considerable limits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND CLEANSING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1868.
I, WILLIAM SCOTT, of Leeds, in the County of York, Pattern Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND CLEANSING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of drying and cleansing wool or other
fibrous substances after any of the ordinary processes of washing such
wool or other fibrous substances.
I employ a swift or spiked drum of either cylindrical or polygonal
form capable of revolving in conjunction with a spiked roller within an
enclosed chamber or framework casing, such chamber having a door
to open and close for the introduction of the wool or other fibre to
be operated upon, and the bottom part grated or perforated to allow the
dirt or extraneous matters to pass through. The bottom part is circular
and only of suitable radius for the spikes of the swift to run clear of it.
The upper part is also (by preference) circular, but raised sufficiently

page_text: high to clear and leave a suitable amount of space above the spiked
roller which revolves above and in near contact with the swift. The
upper part of the casing (above the axis of the swift) I make hollow
and suitable to receive steam, hot water, or other heating media for the
purpose of giving off heat to the interior of the chamber.
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IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF NAPTHA, BENZOLE, AND SIMILAR LIQUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Glover at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1868. A communication from abroad by Laslo Chandor, of
St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia.
I, GEORGE GLOVER, of Ranelagh Road, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE COMBUSTION OF NAPTHA,
BENZOLE, AND SIMILAR LIQUIDS," a communication, to be as follows:-
In the burning of naptha, benzole, and similar liquids it is desirable
to have a ready means of regulating the amount of wick exposed above
the wick tube. For this purpose I form the outer tube capable of sliding
on the wick tube and of rising above that tube. When the wick tube
is surrounded by another tube of glass or other matter representing a
candle I form the apparatus with a socket to admit of the lower
portion of such outer tube sliding thereon to an extent corresponding
with the extent of adjustment which may be desired at the upper portion
thereof.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SKIVING CR CHAMPERING LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Chapman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1868.
I, WILLIAM CHAPMAN, of No. 324, Kennington Park Road, in the
County of Surrey, Leather Seller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SKIVING CR
CHAMPERING LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improved machinery or apparatus
for skiving or chamfering leather and other materials, for which purpose
I employ a rotating diamond-shaped cutter or blade, below which I place
an adjustable plate for regulating the amount of cut according as it is
desired that more or less material should be removed from the substance
to be skived or chamfered; upon this adjustable plate the material to be
treated is placed. The base plate of the apparatus is furnished with a
standard having bearings for the shaft or spindle of the rotating cutter,
to which motion is imparted through suitable gearing, and below the
cutter I provide a wheel having its periphery covered by preference with
india-rubber; above this wheel is an adjustable plate or foot held in

page_text: position by means of a spring, so that the material to be operated upon
is pressed by the plate or foot against the periphery of the wheel, and
by the rotation of the latter is fed to the cutter. Provision is made
in the relative positions of the rotating cutter and the material to be
cut so that the latter may be skived or chamfered to the desired angle.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) CORN FLOUR JELLY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Irmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
November 1868.
I, WILLIAM IRMER, of No. 17, Red Lion Street, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW (OR IMPROVED) CORN FLOUR JELLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacturing of a jelly to be
called corn flour jelly, and which said jelly will be composed of the
following ingredients, viz., isinglass, gelatine, glycerine, corn flour, and
distilled water.
The combination of these several ingredients will be in the following