provements in Rotary Engines or Pumps.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Rotary Engines or Pumps.
A communication from ERNST MORITZ BRUNO BRAUER, of 11 Alsterstrasse No. 9,
Hamburg, Engineer, and PAUL WINDISCH, of Meissen, in the Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Machine Builder.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is a rotating motor engine, which may be
used as a rotating pump, if the driving agent is applied to the shaft which when the
engine is used as a motor supplies the power. Inasmuch as the working order of
the machine is to a certain extent reversed, the following Specification will mainly
deal with the rotating motor engine only, while the description can, with reference
to what has been said above be at once referred to the pump.
The new machine is essentially distinguished from its predecessors by the double
motion and guidance of the moving parts. A cylinder for cutting off the driving
power on one side or the liquid which is to be pumped, is lodged eccentrically in
the cylindrical case while there rotates concentrically within the latter a shallow
piston; both parts rotating around fixed supports.
Between the cylindrical body or piston roller and the piston there can occur only
a relative never an absolute movement. It is the part of the piston under the
action of the driving power to carry the roller along with it and by means of the
latter to set the shaft in motion; by means of a simple and effective arrangement
both parts are so connected that the relative motion between piston and roller takes
place with ease while at the same time through the carrying along of the roller a
tight packing between it and the piston is effected.
Figures 1 and 2 represent such a machine in vertical section in planes at right
angles to each other; ; 1 represents the cylindrical case closed by cover 2.
Eccentrically to the case lies shaft 3 which contrary to the arrangement in the
older rotation engines need not work in stuffing boxes. On this shaft the piston
roller 4 is rigidly fixed of which Figure 3 gives a separate view. Its shape may
not be unfittingly compared with that of a pulley: In transverse section (see Fig. 2)
a thin web is applied to the boss and outwardly carries a broad rim. 6 represents
a circular outwardly open slot enclosed by a flange of the same width as the rim 5
(see Fig. 3). The covers (2) projecting inwardly and placed eccentrically to the
case form bearings upon which the piston moves. The body of the piston consists
of two parts 8 and 9. Part 8, of which Fig. 4 represents an end view as seen in
Figure 2 from the right side, is carried by the boss 10 and extends at right angles
to the latter through the slot of the roller (see Fig. 2). The narrow part 9
connected with boss 11, an end view of which is also substantially represented by
Fig. 4, forms a closing block and is rigidly connected with 8 by a spring 9*
penetrating into this part (8) and a screw, so that the body of the piston forms a
complete whole of the width of the rim 5.
Bar 12 which is pressed by a spring and side bars 13, represent the packing of
the piston and by their means through the agency of the centrifugal force generated
by the motion of the machine a tight jointing is effected.
In the interspaces between the piston and piston roller the roller segments 14
(see Fig. 1 also Figs. 5 and 6) are inserted. These revolve in the slot 6 and at the
same time to a certain extent act as guides for the piston in its peripheral motion
so that the relative motion between piston and roller as well as an inconsiderable

page_text: oscillation in their mutual relative radial positions may take place. The latter
resulting from the fact that the piston and roller rotate around different centres, and
so in a certain sense play the part of a crank.
If the piston, from which in the rotating engine the power is transmitted, is
assumed to be rotating at a uniform speed, it follows that that of the roller is
variable. Regard must therefore be had not only to the relative radial motion
resulting from the difference in position of their axes of revolution but also to an
angular advancing movement of the piston upon the roller, maintained however
within narrow limits all of which ends are fully attained by the connection of piston
and roller by means of the roller segments, as described.
The steam pressure acting on one side so presses the loosely inserted parts that
no loss of steam worth mentioning takes place even after prolonged working of the
machine.
The form of piston roller represented in Figs. 7 and 8 is superior to that
represented in Figure 4.
Here the slot is square-shaped and in it are inserted bearings 15 in the circular
cavities of which the roller segments 14 lie.
The bearings 15 can be applied against the piston and the segments by means of
screws with wedge-shaped shanks and any leakage resulting from wear can thus be
easily remedied.
Where cylinder 4 comes in contact with the wall of the case see Figs. 1 and 2, a
slide completely covered from outside by a cover 17 and subject to the pressure of
the springs 19 is lodged in a recess in the case. It is however to be clearly under-
stood that this slide has to execute no movement of its own, but rests subject to the
pressure of the spring upon the circumference of the roller or piston in order to
effect a good packing between the case and the piston roller. The lateral packing
is effected by rings 20 (see Fig. 2) which being subject to the pressure of springs 21
are lodged in annular grooves in the covers 2 and bear upon the lateral surfaces of
the flange 5 to which they are placed concentrically or upon the lateral surfaces of
the piston.
The pressure of the springs 21 is regulated by screws penetrating from without.
(not shown in the drawings).
When the piston has reached its highest position see Fig. 1 it lies completely
within roller 4 which here is in contact with the wall of the case. In proportion as
the piston advances, while in continuous contact with the case, it comes to advance
beyond the surface of the roller 4, in reference to this advance of the piston, the
deepest position denoted by dotted lines in Fig. 1, is its final position and after that
the piston gradually recedes.
In order to employ the machine as a motor engine, some driving power say steam,
compressed air, or gases, hydraulic pressure, or an explosive mixture of gases must
be admitted by the port 22 between the slide 18 or the roller 4 on the one hand and
the piston on the other hand, and released by an exhaust pipe at 23. The piston is
then rotated and the driving power employed in the previous rotation, expelled.
If the machine is to act as a rotating pump, 22 represents the suction pipe and
23 the delivery pipe. By the rotation of shaft 3, the required liquid is drawn by
the piston from 22 and conveyed to 23.
If the machine is to be used as a steam motor it is commendable to provide it
with the following gear which has the advantage of not admitting any backward
and forward motion but of only rotary motion like the other parts of the machine
and hence gives a speed of revolution not attainable with a steam engine with
reciprocating piston.
In the cylindrical case 24 a rotary valve 27 in front of a fixed wall 28 rotates
with the shaft 25 driven by means of toothed wheels 26 by the shaft 3 with speed
equal to that of the latter. Both parts 27 and 28 are provided with segmental
openings which can be made to extend over a greater or less part of the circum-
ference according as it is desired to work the machine with a less or greater cut-off.

page_text: When both notches are opposed to each other (Fig. 9) steam can pass from the
admission pipe 29 into the case 24 and thence by the port 22 into the cylinder,
otherwise the driving power is cut off from admission. In all cases the cat-off
mast last until the piston in its rotation has passed by 23 and 18 and inlet port 22.
By the introduction of a second valve which is either worked by the hand or
rotated by the governor, one is enabled according to the arrangement of the latter
either to throttle the steam or alter the cut-off.
This valve is denoted by 30 in Figs. 10 and 11. It is fixed on the outside of the
wall 28 upon a shaft 31 which can be put in motion by the governor by means of
the arm 32. At 33 a small sector is fixed in such a manner as to close in a radial
direction the segmental opening 28 its influence extending through 30 and 28 to the
surface of the valve 27.
Figure 11 makes it easily intelligible how this sector on the turning of the
valve 30 must more or less diminish the angle of the opening 28 and thus influence
the cut-off. If this sector 33 were absent a narrowing of the transverse passage
between 30 and 28 would only lead to a throttling of the steam.
A valve V opening inwards and closed either by a spring or the pressure of the
steam may be fixed between 18 and 22, which on starting the machine prevents the
formation of a vacuum which would render the putting on of steam, difficult.
The machine, may also without particular difficulty be so arranged that the gear
may be reversed and be made to run in either direction.
To make this apparent Figs. 12 and 13 of the drawings represent a twin engine
possessed of the property in question. Figs. 14 and 15 are separate views of the
parts which conduct the steam to the slide-valves.
The two rollers 4 are fixed on a common shaft 3. The rollers are placed at
right angles (90°) to each other. While in the form of engine previously described
the admission gearing only was provided, in the present form, there is in each case
a double gearing which in all essential parts corresponds to that described above.
In order that the same cut-off may be obtained with either direction of rotation of
the machine, notwithstanding the eventual regulating of expansion valves by
hand or by a governor (as described above) the openings in the valves 27 and
walls 28 are allowed to extend through 180°.
In Fig. 13 which represents a plan of the machine and the steam distributing
parts the steam-chests by which the admission of steam is effected are indicated
by 24, those for the exhaust by 24. 34 are the steam inlet pipes (branching off
from a common pipe not shown in the drawing) which terminate in the middle of
the case 35 below the cup valves 36 further, from the case three other steam
passages pass out, of which two 37 and 38 lead to the steam chests 24" and 24°
while the third serves for the discharge of the exhaust steam in case of any
stoppage of the engine. A chamber 40 U-shaped in transverse section and
continuous with the walls is formed in 36. According as this, outside of the
constantly covered passage 34, comes to overlap the passage 37 or (after a
revolution of 90°) the passage 38, the live steam enters the steam chest 24° as
indicated in Fig. 13 by arrows or the steam chest 24°. The exhaust steam is
discharged through 40 which is at times not covered, and through 39.
Hence only one partial revolution of the cup valve through 90° is required in
order to make the machine work in a direction opposite to that described hitherto..
In place of the gear here described other means accomplishing the same object
may be employed.
In a manner similar to that described above two simple engines may be united to
form one compound engine by passing into the second case instead of live steam the
exhaust steam of the first.
The steam distributing parts should naturally be adapted to this object.
Various other alterations in construction are possible in the machine described
above without departing from the spirit of the invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, and in what manner
the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A rotating motor engine or pump in which there is arranged eccentrically to
the case and contiguous to its wall a roller 4 which effects the cutting off on one
side of the driving agent or of the liquid required to be pumped and concentrically
to the case a shallow piston such as 89 the whole constructed and operating
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. An arrangement in the above described engine by which the piston (89) is
made to carry along with it the roller (4) or vice versa by the insertion between
both parts of segmental bars (14) in corresponding cavities of the roller so that an
angular advancing motion of one part upon the other which does not rotate
uniformly with it as well as the relative radial motion is rendered possible and at
the same time a tight joint results in consequence of the one-sided pressure upon
the bars due to the driving agent or the liquid to be pumped.
3. The gearing of the above machine as a motor engine by means of a valve 27
moving uniformly with the piston while another valve (30) worked by hand or by
a governor can by its co-operation with a fixed wall provided with an aperture 28
effect a throttling of the steam or alter the cut off by means of a sector 33
controlling the aperture in the fixed wall and diminishing its.
4. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete rotary
engine or pump substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 21st day of August 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.