IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SAWING OR CUTTING WOOD, BONE, IVORY, STONE, OR OTHER VEGETABLE, ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Blakeley, and William Henry Blakeley, of
Netherton, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Joiners and
Cabinet Makers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SAWING OR CUTTING WOOD, BONE, IVORY, STONE, OR
OTHER VEGETABLE, ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 21st December 1860, and dated the 28th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Blakeley, and
William Henry Blakeley, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th June 1860.
We, JAMES BLAKELEY, and WILLIAM HENRY BLAKELEY, of Netherton, near
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Joiners and Cabinet Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR SAWING OR CUTTING WOOD, BONE, IVORY, STONE, OR OTHER
VEGETABLE, ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to cylindrical saws to be chiefly employed for cutting
out or forming the hollow in troughing or spouting for buildings, but may
be employed for cutting other continuous hollow surfaces in any material
capable of being cut. Heretofore cylindrical saws have been employed for

page_text: such purposes, the saw being fixed on the end of a spindle with cutters for
cutting to pieces, or clearing away the slab (or the part cut off) from the
interior of such saw when continuous hollow surfaces were required, by which
the said slab was totally lost or destroyed, being reduced to sawdust or
shavings.
Our improvements consist in arranging and combining cylindrical saws and
suitable parts or mechanism for driving them in such manner as to retain or
preserve the slab, or the part cut off or out, in the forming of wood troughing
or other continuous hollow surfaces for further use; to accomplish which
object we employ a cylindrical saw open at both ends, being serrated or having
saw teeth at one end. This saw rests upon and is driven by a friction pully
or drum mounted on a rotary spindle placed in suitable framing with an
adjustable friction roller placed inside or in the interior of the saw to press or
hold the saw in close contact with the said drum. To keep the said saw in
proper position, or to prevent its movement endwise, and also assist in driving
by preventing slipping, pins or teeth project at regular distances on the surface
of the drum, and enter perforations formed in the saw which are arranged to
correspond with the teeth, and for keeping the said saw in proper lateral or
sidewise position, adjustable friction rollers are applied on each side thereof.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Blakeley and William Henry Blakeley in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 27th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BLAKELEY and WILLIAM HENRY BLAKELEY, of Netherton, near Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Joiners and Cabinet Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of Junc, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James Blakeley and William Henry Blakeley, Her special license that we, the
said James Blakeley and William Henry Blakeley, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Blakeley and William
Henry Blakeley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SAWING OR CUTTING WOOD, BONE, IVORY
STONE, OR OTHER VEGETABLE, ANIMAL, OR MINERAL SUBSTANCES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said James Blakeley and Willianı
Henry Blakeley, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately, after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Blakeley, and William Tenry
Blakeley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to cylindrical saws to be chiefly employed for cutting
out, or forming the hollow in troughing or spouting for buildings, but may be
employed for cutting staves for barrels, covering for drums or cylinders, large
mouldings or other continuous hollow, and round surfaces, in any material
capable of being cut. Heretofore cylindrical saws have been employed for
such purposes, the saw being fixed on the end of a spindle with cutters for
cutting to pieces or clearing away the slab (or the part cut off) from the
interior of such saw when continuous hollow surfaces were required, by which
the said slab was totally lost or destroyed, being reduced to sawdust or
shavings.
Our improvements consist in arranging and combining cylindrical saws, and
suitable parts or mechanism for driving them, in such manner as to retain or
preserve the slab or the part cut off, or cut in the forming of wood
troughing, or other continuous hollow surfaces for further use; to accomplish
which object we employ a cylindrical saw open at both ends, being serrated
or having saw teeth at one end. This saw rests upon, and is driven by a
friction pulley or drum mounted on a rotary spindle, placed in suitable framing
with an adjustable friction roller placed inside or in the interior of the saw
to press or hold the saw in close contact with the said drum. To keep the
said saw in proper position, or to prevent its movement endwise, and also
assist in driving by preventing slipping, pins or teeth project at regular
distances on the surface of the drum, and enter perforations formed in the
saw, which are arranged to corresp with the teeth, and for keeping the said

page_text: in proper lateral or sidewise position adjustable friction rollers are applied on
cach side thereof.
This Invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, similar letters referring to the same parts in each Figure.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a cylindrical saw with a portion of framing and
suitable driving means arranged according to our Invention; Fig. 2 a plan.
and Fig. 3 a vertical section of the same. A represents the cylindrical saw,
which is open at both ends, and with teeth at one end; B is a pulley or drum
covered with leather, and fixed upon a spindle C capable of rotating in suitable
bearings in the framework D; E is a friction roller inside the saw, also covered
with leather, and capable of being adjusted by the screws F so as to press the
saw against the drum, and to assist in driving the said saw instead of the pins
and perforations herein-before named. In practice we have found it pre-
ferable to employ endless leather belts as shewn at G, the tension of which
can be adjusted by the screws H, the friction rollers I serving also to keep
the saw in proper lateral position; and to prevent endwise movement of the
saw a groove is cut in the inner surface thereof, and a collar on the friction
roller E to fit therein as seen in the sectional view of saw at Fig. 4. It will
be seen that the saw (in this illustration) projects about one half its diameter
above the frame or table (but it may be arranged to be more or less as
required) and consequently any substance, as wood or other material capable of
being cut on sawn on being passed over the said saw, a simicircular slab will
be cut out equal to the size of the saw projecting above the table, and which
cutting out may be guided by a fence attached to the saw table in the ordinary
way as applied to circular saw tables, and the material to be cut may be
propelled by any of the feed motions now in use. It may be observed that
these cylindrical saws may be constructed of any suitable or convenient
diameter according to the size, curve, or cutting required, and in applying
this kind of saw to the cutting of stone or similar substances, the saw and
framing may be arranged the reverse way up, that is, for the saw to project
on the under side, and the stone pass underneath the table, or the stone or
other substance may be fixed, and the saw so constructed and arranged as to
move over it, or the table may be at any suitable angle, and for saws of large
diameter friction rollers will be required inside the said saw opposite the
rollers I, and the various bearings may be lubricated by pipes from an oil
vessel placed in any suitable position.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is or may be performed, we would have it understood,

page_text: that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details of construction
or arrangement of apparatus as herein set forth, but what we claim, and
which we believe to be new within the realm is, the use or employment of cylin-
drical saws in manner and for purposes substantially as herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Blakeley, for and on
behalf of myself and the said James Blakeley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of
Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
WILLIAM HENRY BLĄKELEY. (LS.)
Signed, scaled, and delivered by the
within-named William Henry
Blakeley, in the presence of
W. TASKER, Patent Agent,
Halifax.