improvements in Confectioners' Ovens. BAKER IMPROVEMENTS CONFECTIONERS OVEN
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1888-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1888
improvements in ՆԱԵ .ց -
Confectioners' Ovens.
AND
1 JoпN ADAIR Commission Agent Waterford do hereby declare the nature of my
COOLING OF BAKERS AND
invention for IMPROVEMENTS
CONFECTIONERS OVENS, to be as follows:-
IN
THE
HEATING
The novelty of reversing flame current in its passage through heating floes and
the making use of this reversing as a means of more evenly heating Oven.
The novelty of using pipes through which furnace air may pass or be shut off, and
cool air admitted. Such pipes passing under sole of oven, and also passing over sole
and under crown to give a top heat to oven, each pipe being independent of its fellow
pipe, and the using of this novelty as a means of cooling or heating oven.
1 1:59 of 8th month 1888.
JOHN ADAIR,
Commission Agent,
Waterford.

page_text: Improvements in the Heating and Cooling of Bakers' and
Confectioners' Ovens.
I JOHN ADAIR Commission Agent of the City of the County of Waterford do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Sheet No. 1 represents an oven front and Sheets Nos. 2 and 3 show an oven in
sectional elevation, vertical section and part horizontal section. Similar letters of
reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
My invention for Improvements in the heating and cooling of Bakers and confec-
tioners ovens, is the novelty of refers to a reversing flame-current, in its passage thro'
heating flues N, and the making use of this reversing as a means of more evenly
beating oven. Also
The novelty of to using pipes thro' which furnaco air may pass and be shut off,
and cool air admitted, such pipes passing under solo B of oven C, and also passing
over sole & under crown E of oven to give a top heat to oven-each pipo being
independent of its fellow pipes; and the using of this novelty as a means of for
cooling & heating oven, all as hereafter described.
Now, to particularly indicate this novelty of a reversing flame-current, & by flame
current I mean the hot air flowing from the furnace G directly or indirectly, thro'
heated chambers N, or any other method of henting-for example-Let the flow of
heat be in any particular direction, as shown by the arrows thro' a heating flue-
and by any method either shutting or opening dampers R, or any other arrangement
found more convenient-I make this current to cease flowing in this direction, &
cause a current to flow in the exactly opposite direction-this is my novelty and
elaim and I may do this only, over a part of heating flue, or if I desire may do it
over more or over all.
To more particularly indicate the novelty of using use of pipes F, I mean pipes of
any kind which are placed beneath the sole of oven, or placed above it, or anything
that will act after the nature of pipes; as metal squares, which may be made wide or
narrow, or shaped irregularly-or any other means whereby heat may be drawn into
oven, in a confined form; that is, so that air may not escape into the oven and come
in contact with the materials baking, but may pass in a close channel thro' oven &
thus give out the heat, without in any degree emitting the smoke, smell or dust.
The hot furnace air-or air which the furnace has made hot-passes thro' these
tubes or channels N and F & they give off heat to oven-& if any part of oven is
too hot, then the flow of heat is changed to a flow of cold air, by the opening of a
Damper as shown at L which communicates with pipe or channel F & feeds it with
cold air-er if desirable the opening of this damper, may only cause a check on
current of heated air, thro' pipe or channel, however its effect is to diminish the heat,

page_text: and thus regulate the even temperature of oven-The same applies io pipes, whether
under or over sole of oven.
As frequently Gases escape into oven from furnace; to effectually prevent this
I cover the whole bottom under tiles of oven, with a thin sheet-iron floor H; or if
preferred, thin metal, jointed closely, with bolts.
Also as some part of oven, may be requiring more heat to continue to it, than other
parts, say at mouth of oven especially-1 place metals on the floor under tiles, so
that heat is drawn and given out more by these this will prove great assistance in
regulating heat of sole of oven, as for example is shown at O'Sheet 2.
And I further state that in the ordinary ovens for baking, which are inside
heaters-I use Dampers or other convenient method to shut off fire, when required,
from flowing thro' oven; and by a similar plan, I cause this shut off flame to pass
thro' pipes or flues, either under or over the sole of oven-thus keeping up a
continuous heat & also saving the necessity of taking off fires, or damping them down
to allow oven to bake, indeed by this method, the oven can be kept hot all day; after
the first gets a good sound inside heating this will save much time & be a great
advantage lessening labor, as the heating of ovens, during the working means both
of these.
Of course this refers more particularly to Confectioners' ovens & Ovens for baking
Fancy bread & Biscuits; for tho' it might be possible, with some small Loaf bread
to keep the oven continuously hot, yet with large Loaf bread it wd be scarcely
possible & therefore in such cases the flame of current wd be allowed to flow into
oven in the ordinary manner, to heat her to the desired temperature.
Sheet No. 1. Represents oven-front with the doors M these doors pass each other
in opening therefore no more space is taken up with doors or frames.
D. are the soot doors for cleaning pipes-shewn with the covers off thus acting us
dampers by feeding cold air to pipes and thus checking heat. Every pipe has a seperato
damper which can be closed or opened at pleasure, therefore any particular side
may have the pipes shut off, & the other may have them open-giving the full blast
of the heat thro' them. This is a great advantage, where goods are put into an oven
of a mixed quality- -some requiring hot baking & some slow.
Rare the heating flue dampers.
Sheet No. 2. It will be observed in this sheet that an extra top baking chamber is
shown however as in some ovens, the crowns may be not high enough to admit of
it, I did not show it in Sheet No. 1-This top oven has a sheet of metal placed
between it & the oven underneath-shewn by the thick line on drawing-the object
of this being to draw the beat up to this oven which will be very hot, & will be
therefore specially adapted for Pastry work.
T. are the Trays-which go in the full length of oven-all of them running with
wheels on rails which rails run outside the oven to permit trays to be drawn.
These trays are protected by my Patent No. 2750 year 1888 which fully explains
them.
It will be readily seen,
F. are the flue pipes.
11
that this oven can bake almost as much as three ovens.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is as my improvements in the heating and cooling of bakers and confectioners
ovens is:-
1st. The novelty of reversing a hot air current, as a means of more evenly heating
ovens, substantially as set forth.
2nd. The novelty of using of pipes which permit heated air to pass thro' them as a
means of heating oven & the checking this beated air in such pipes; or the passing
cold air thro' such pipes as a means of cooling oven, as set forth.
3rd. The covering sole of Oven with a thin Iron bottom, all in one riveted or bolted

page_text: square, which prevents any burnt air, or injurious gas or smell to rise from furnace
flues into oven.
4th. The neing of in combination with plates of metal to increase heat in the parts of
ovon requiring such increase, substantially as set forth.
5th. 4th. The novelty of mode and means of diverting the flame current from the
furnace of an ordinary inside heating oven from entering the inside in the ordinary
manner and forcing it by means of dampers or other like method, to enter oven thro'
pipes or other confined channels-so that it may pass thro' the inside of oven, without
giving off smoke or dust to the articles baking; or may pass under sole of oven
giving a strong steady beat to the oven all substantially as set forth.
11
1000
JOHN ADAIR,
Commission Agent,
Waterford.

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 8th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 21st Dec., 1888
JOHN ADAIR,
Commission Agent,
Waterford.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Heating and Cooling of Bakers' and
Confectioners' Ovens.
1 JOHN ADALR Commission Agent of the City of the County of Waterford do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
My invention for Improvements in the heating and cooling of Bakers and confec-
tioners ovens, is the novelty of a reversing flame-current, in its passage thro' heating
fines, and the making use of this reversing as a means of more evenly heating
oven. Also
The novelty of using pipes thro' which furnace air may pass and be shut off,
and cool air admitted, such pipes passing under sole of oven, and also passing
over solo & under crown of oven to give a top heat to oven-each pipe being
independent of its fellow pipes; and the using of this novelty as a means of cooling &
heating oven.
Now, to particularly indicate this novelty of a reversing flame-current, & by flame
current I mean the hot air flowing from the furnace directly or indirectly, thro'
heated chambers, or any other method of heating-for example-Let the flow of heat
be in any particular direction, thro' a heating flue-and by any method either shunting
or opening dampers, or any other arrangement found more convenient-I make this
current to cease flowing in this direction, & cause a current to flow in the exactly
opposite direction-this is my novelty and claim-and I may do this only, over a part
of heating flue, or if I desire may do it over more-or over all.
To more particularly indicate the novelty of using pipes, I mean pipes of any kind
which are placed beneath the sole of oven, or placed above it, or anything that will
act after the nature of pipes; as metal squares, which may be made wide or narrow,
or shaped irregularly or any other means whereby heat may be drawn into oven, in
a confined form; that is, so that air may not escape into the oven and come in contact
with the materials baking, but may pass in a close channel thro' oven & thus give out
the heat, without in any degree emitting the smoke, smell or dust.
The hot furnace air-or air which the furnace has made hot-passes thro' these
tubes or channels & they give off heat to oven-& if any part of oven is too hot, then
the flow of heat changed to a flow of cold air, by the opening of a Damper which
communicates with pipe or channel & feeds it with cold air or if desirable the
opening of this damper, may only cause a check on current of heated air, thro' pipe
or channel, however its effect is to diminish the heat, and thus regulate the even
temperature of oven-The same applies to pipes, whether under or
of oven. .
over sole

page_text: As frequently Gases escape into oven from furnace; to effectually prevent this
I cover the whole bottom under tiles of oven, with a thin sheet-iron floor; or if
preferred, thin metal, jointed closely, with bolts.
Also as some part of oven, may be requiring more heat to continue to it, than other
parts, say at mouth of oven especially-I place metals on the floor under tiles, so
that heat is drawn and given out more by these-this will prove great assistance in
regulating heat of sole of oven.
And further state that in the ordinary ovens for baking, which are inside
heaters I use Dampers or other convenient method to shut off fire, when required,
from flowing thro' oven; and by a similar plan, I cause this shut off flame to pass
thro' pipes or flues, either under or over the sole of oven-thus keeping up a
continuous heat & also saving the necessity of taking off fires, or damping them down
to allow oven to bake, indeed by this method, the oven can be kept hot all day; after
the first gets a good sound inside beating-this will save much time & be a great
advantage lessening labor, as the heating of ovens, during the working means both
of these.
Of course this refers more particularly to Confectioners' ovens & Ovens for baking
Fancy bread & Biscuits; for tho' it might be possible, with some small Loaf bread
to keep the oven continuously hot, yet with large Loaf bread it wd be scarcely
possible & therefore in such cases the flame of current wd be allowed to flow into
oven in the ordinary manner, to heat her to the desired temperature.
Sheet No. 1. Represents oven-front with the doors M these doors pass each other
in opening therefore no more space is taken up with doors or frames.
D. are the soot doors for cleaning pipes-shewn with the covers off. Every pipe
has a seperate damper-which can be closed or opened at pleasure, therefore any
particular side may have the pipes shut off, & the other may have them open--giving
the full blast of the heat thro' them. This is a great advantage, where goods are put
into an oven of a mixed quality-some requiring hot baking & some slow.
R. are the heating flue dampers.
Sheet No. 2. It will be observed in this sheet that an extra top baking chamber is
shown however as in some ovens, the crowns may be not high enough to admit of
it, I did not show it in Sheet No. 1.-This top oven has a sheet of metal placod
between it. & the oven underneath-shewn by the thick line on drawing--the object
of this being to draw the heat up to this oven which will be very hot, & will be
therefore specially adapted for Pastry work.
T. are the Trays-which go in the full length of oven-all of them running with
wheels on rails-which rails run outside the oven to permit trays to be drawn.
These trays are protected by my Patent No. 2750 year 1888 which fully explains
them.
that this over can baka almost as much as three ovens.
111
Jil. ON
1. Is the Lyrometer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. The novelty of reversing a hot air current, as a means of more evenly heating
ovens.
2nd. The novelty of using pipes which permit heated air to pass thro' them as a
means of heating oven & the checking this heated air in such pipes: or the passing
cold air thro' such pipes as a means of cooling oven.
3rd. The covering sole of Oven with a thin Iron bottom, all in one riveted or bolted
square, which prevents any burnt air, or injurious gas or smell to rise from furnace
flues into oven.
4th. The using of plates of metal to increase heat in the parts of oven requiring
such increase.

page_text: 5th. The novelty of diverting the flame current from the furnace of an ordinary
inside heating oven-from entering the inside in the ordinary manner and forcing it
by means of dampers or other like method, to enter oven thro' pipes or other confined
channels so that it may pass thro' the inside of oven, without giving off smoke or dust
to the articles baking; or may pass under sole of oven giving a strong steady heat
to the oven.
JOHN ADAIR,
Commission Agent,
Waterford.