IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES THROUGH MOULDING ORIFICES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Beart, of Godmanchester, in the
County of Huntingdon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES THROUGH
MOULDING ORIFICES."
Sealed the 12th January 1853, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Beart at
the office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his petition, on
1st October 1852.
I, ROBERT BEART, of Godmanchester, in the County of Huntingdon,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES THROUGH MOULDING
ORIFICES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists,--First, of combining with the pug mill a
screen, so that the clay inay be forced through the screen by a piston
into the pug mill; and
Secondly, the Invention consists of causing the axis of a pug mill
to descend through the bottom, by means of gearing below, to give
motion to an axis, which, by racks, give motion to the piston which
forces the plastic material through moulding orifices.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Robert Beart, in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 1st April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
ROBERT BEART, of Godmanchester, in the County of Huntingdon, send
greeting.
of our
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October in the year
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
.unto me, the said Robert Beart, Her special licence that I, the said
Robert Beart, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Robert Beart, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND OTHER
ARTICLES THROUGH MOULDING ORIFICES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Robert Beart, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Beart, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
My Invention consists,-First, of combining with the pug mill a
screen, so that the clay may be forced through the screen by a piston
into the pug mill; and
Secondly, the Invention consists of causing the axis of a pug mill
to descend through the bottom, and by means of gearing below, to
give motion to an axis, which, by racks, gives motion to the piston which
forces the plastic material through moulding orifices. And in order that

page_text: the Invention may be more fully understood, and readily carried into
effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
At the upper part of a pug mill, I affix a rectangular metal trough,
the end near the pug mill is closed in at the top, bottom, and sides,
whilst the part beyond is open at the top, in order that when the piston
is moved back as far as it will go in the trough, the clay or brick earth
may be introduced in front of the piston, whereby, when the piston is
again moved towards the pug mill, the clay or brick earth in the trough
will be forced forwards by the piston, through a grating which is fixed
near that end of the trough which comes near the pug miill, by which
arrangement, the clay or brick earth thus fed into the pug mill will be
screened, and rendered free from stones or roots. In order to keep the
screen free and open, a cutter of the size of the screen is caused to
descend through a slit or opening at the top and behind the grating, to
sever the clay just before the piston commences to move back, hence
any stones or roots in the clay will go back with the piston, which I
make concave hollow on the front surface, in order that it may not come
up to the grating. By this arrangement, when the piston goes back,
the stones and roots may be removed before the piston is again moved
forward by the working of the machine. I would remark that this
construction of screening apparatus is not new, and therefore no claim
is made thereto. This part of my Invention, consisting of combing a
screening apparatus, such as above described, with a pug mill, in order
that the clay or brick earth may, in place of being fed directly into the
pug mill, be fed into the trough, and forced therefrom through a screen
into the pug mill.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention.
:
Heretofore, when brick earth has been forced from a pug mill into suit-
able apparatus for moulding the clay or brick earth, by forcing it through
moulding orifices, it has been usual to give motion to the racks (which
actuate the piston) from a shaft separate from the axis of the pug mill.
Now the second part of my Invention consists of causing the axis of
the pug mill (on which the knives are placed) to descend through the
bottom of the pug mill (in place of it resting, as heretofore, in a bearing
or step at the bottom of the pug mill), and to affix on such shaft or
axis (below the bottom of the pug mill) a bevelled toothed pinion, and

page_text: I cause the axis below the pinion to rest in a support or step; the
pinion affixed on the pug mill axis takes into and gives motion to a
bevelled toothed wheel on a horizontal shaft or axis, on which is fixed
part of a toothed wheel suitably arranged, as is well understood, for
gearing alternately into a toothed rack above, and a toothed rack below,"
which racks are fixed to the pistons in the apparatus, such as has hereto-
fore been used for forcing clay or brick earth through moulding orifices.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood, that I
make no claim to the constructing of pug mills, nor do I claim mould-
ing apparatus such as have been herein-mentioned, they being well
known, this part of the Invention consisting of giving motion to the
piston of moulding apparatus by causing the axis of the pug mill to
pass through the bottom, and to give motion therefrom by means of a
pinion to the racks which are fixed to the part of the apparatus which
carries the piston of the moulding apparatus.
But what I claim is,-First, the combining a screening apparatus
with a pug mill, in such a manner that the clay or brick earth, in place of
being fed directly into the pug mill is fed into a trough or receiver, and is
forced therefrom by a piston through a grating or screen, so as to separate
the stones and roots therefrom before the clay falls into the pug mill.
And, Secondly, I claim the constructing the axis of a pug mill in such
manner that it may descend through the bottom of the pug mill, and,
by means of a pinion combined therewith, give motion to a bevelled
toothed wheel on the axis, which gives motion to the racks which actuate
the piston of the moulding apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Beart, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March in the
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
year of
ROBERT BEART. (L.S.)
Witness, MARTIN HURRINGBEEN,
Solicitor, Huntingdon.