IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM BOILERS." A communication from abroad by Charles Ten Brink, of
Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
Sealed the 14th November 1876, and dated the 19th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1876.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS." A communication from abroad
by Charles Ten Brink, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
This Invention relating to steam boilers or generators consists of the following
combination, vist. :—
The furnaces are placed across in horizontal cylinders or fire-boxes; other
cylinders or tubular chambers are placed above, which are traversed laterally from
side to side by tubes. The tubular chambers are connected to the fire-boxes by
tubes, which allow of a suitable circulation of water, as well as the liberation of
steam.
The space comprised between the principal cylinders of a double generator or a
generator with furnaces placed opposite to each other serves as a combustion
chamber for the gases generated in the furnaces. The space between the upper part
of the two tubular chambers of a double generator may be closed either by a
chamber containing water or by a partition of refractory materials.. In like manner
the ends or extremities of the combustion chamber may be closed by metal walls
filled with water or by fireproof materials.
In carrying out this Invention the furnaces may be arranged in an inclined
position, according to the smoke-consuming system known as Ten Brink's system,
or they may be placed nearly horizontal to receive ordinary horizontal or slightly
inclined fire-bars, according to various arrangements.
In the tubular chamber, which is traversed laterally by tubes, the parts to which
the tubes are joined may be either cylindrical or flat, as required, that is to say, the
tubular chambers may be flattened in order to receive the tubes.
The smoke boxes are arranged in a similar manner to those of marine boilers.
Prica fidl

page_text: The upper communication or water space which unites the two tubular chambers
of a double generator forming a roof to the combustion chamber consists of a
cylinder and two water spaces secured to the tubular chambers, or they may be
differently arranged or even be replaced by a roof or arch of refractory materials.
The steam reservoir may also be placed above the tubular chambers, or be
dispensed with altogether; in the latter case the tubular chambers should be made
of increased dimensions. By making the cylindrical portion of the communication
or water space above mentioned of larger diameter it may be utilized as a steam
reservoir.
The space left free above the smoke boxes, and tubular chambers may be utilized
for placing other tubular chambers in it either for superheating apparatus for the
steain, or for heating the feed water, according to various shapes and systems. By
utilizing this space in this manner the heating surface is considerably increased, as
well as the product of the generator.
The generator may be simplified in construction by dispensing with one of the
furnace chambers and one tubular chamber, that is to say, by only employing one
furnace chamber and one tubular chamber, and substituting water spaces or other
suitable arrangements, or walls of refractory materials. The latter arrangement is
especially applicable to stationary boilers. A very simple apparatus is thus obtained
which, while it preserves the principle of the Invention, also offers special advan-
tages, as this system of furnace chambers and separate tubular chambers placed one
above the other, and traversed laterally, the one by the furnace, and the other by
the tubes, is preserved intact.
The advantages of this generator are as follows:—
1st. Small weight concentration of a large heating surface in a small space, large
combustion chamber, facility for easily concentrating a large amount of heating
surface in a single generator, at the same time adopting small dimensions and thin
plates for all the principal parts.
2nd. The entire generator is composed of a certain number of parts, constructed
separately, of such small dimensions that these parts are capable of resisting very
high pressure, and may be transported separately to the place where they are put
together to form a complete apparatus.
3rd. Tho generator, with the exception of the tubular plates, may be constructed
entirely of relatively thin plates without any stays, tension rods, or strengthening
pieces whatever.
4th. The facility for placing apparatus for superheating the steam and re-heating
the feed water above the generator without exceeding the height usually allowed
in ships, and without increasing the room surface occupied by the generator.
5th. The power of adopting, according to circumstances, either ordinary fire-bars
or smoke consuming hearths, constructed according to the system before mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
March 1877.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS." A communication from abroad
by Charles Ten Brink, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Engineer.
The said Invention relating to improvements in steam boilers consists in con-
structing a boiler of the following combination of parts, videlicet:—
-
The furnaces are placed across in horizontal cylinders or fire-boxes; other cylinders
or chambers are placed above, which are traversed laterally from side to side by
tubes. The tube chambers are connected to the fire-boxes by tubes, which admit
of a suitable circulation of water as well as the liberation of steam.

page_text: The space comprised between the main cylinders or chambers of a double boiler
(that is to say, two generators with furnaces placed opposite to each other) serves as
a combustion chamber for the gases generated in the furnaces. The space between
the upper part of the two tube chambers of a double boiler may be closed either by
a chamber containing water or by a partition of refractory materials. In like
manner the ends or extremities of the combustion chamber may be closed by metal
walls filled with water, or by fireproof materials.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several
Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying Drawing represent a double boiler con-
structed according to the said Invention, the furnaces in this example being shewn
as arranged so as to promote the consumption of smoke; Figure 1 is an elevation ;
Figure 2, a transverse section; Figure 3 represents two longitudinal sections; and
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the improved boiler.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 represent sections of a portion of a double boiler constructed
according to the said Invention, and fitted with ordinary furnaces, the section,
Figure 6, being taken at right angles to the sections, Figures 5 and 7.
Figure 8 represents a transverse section of a single boiler constructed according
to the said Invention, the same being shewn fitted with a smoke consuming
furnace.
In these Figures A are the chambers containing the furnaces, and B are the
furnaces, which latter are represented, as arranged, in an inclined position, according
to the smoke-consuming system known as Ten Brink's system, in Figures 1 to 4,
and in Figure 8, and as placed nearly horizontal for the reception of ordinary
horizontal or slightly inclined fire-bars of any suitable arrangement in Figures 5 to 7.
C are the tube chambers, each of which is traversed laterally by tubes D. The parts
to which the tubes are connected may either be cylindrical, as shewn in the Drawing,
or they may be made flat, that is to say, the tube chambers may be of a flattened
form at the parts where they receive the tubes.
The smoke boxes E are arranged in a similar manner to those of marine boilers.
F is the upper communication or water space, which unites the two tube chambers
C, C, of a double boiler, and forms a roof to the combustion chamber. This com-
munication consists, in the arrangements shewn in Figures 1 to 7, of a cylinder f
and two connection g, g, secured to the tubo chambers C, C, but this arrangement
may be modified in various ways, or a roof or arch of refractory materials may be
substituted for the communication F.
In the Drawings a steam reservoir G is shewn placed above the tube chambers
C, C, but it may be dispensed with, in which case the tube chambers should be made
of increased dimensions. By making the cylinder f of larger diameter it may be
utilized as a steam reservoir.
The space left free above the smoke boxes and tube chambers may be utilized for
placing other chambers therein, either for superheating apparatus for the steam or
for heating the feed water, according to any suitable arrangement. By utilizing
this space in this manner the heating surface is considerably increased, as well as
the quantity of steam generated for a given consumption of fuel.
The boiler may be simplified in construction by dispensing with one of the furnace
chambers and one tube chamber, that is to say, by employing only one furnace
chamber and one tube chamber, and substituting water spaces or other suitable
arrangements, or walls of refractory materials for the others.
The latter arrange-
ment is especially applicable to stationary boilers. A very simple apparatus is
thus obtained, which offers special advantages, whilst retaining the principle of the
Invention, videlicet, that of furnace chambers and separate tube chambers placed
one above the other and traversed laterally, the one by the furnace and the other by
the tubes.
Figure 8 represents an example of a boiler constructed according to this modifi-

page_text: cation, the arrangement of which will be perfectly understood from the preceding
description without further explanation.
Steam boilers constructed according to the said Invention possess the following
advantages, videlicet:-
-
First. Small weight and concentration of a large amount of heating surface
within a limited space, the principal parts being made of small dimensions and
thin plates.
Second. The entire boiler is composed of a number of parts constructed separately
of such small dimensions that these parts are capable of resisting very high pressure,
whilst they may be transported separately to the place where the boiler is to be
used and put together to form a complete apparatus.
Third. The boiler, with the exception of the tube plates, may be constructed
entirely of comparatively thin boiler plate, without any stays, tension rods, or
strengthening pieces whatever.
Fourth. The arrangement offers facilities for placing apparatus for superheating
the steam and heating the feed water above the boiler without exceeding the
height usually allowed in ships, and without increasing the room occupied by the
boiler.
Fifth. The arrangement admits of the use either of ordinary fire-bars or of
smoke-consuming furnaces constructed upon the system before-mentioned, according
to circumstances.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, the combination in a steam boiler of a water chamber or
chambers containing a furnace or furnaces, and of a superposed communicating water
chamber or chambers containing fire-tubes, the whole constructed and arranged in
conjunction with accessories, substantially in the manner herein-before described and
illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to this my Speci-
fication set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)