Process and Apparatus for Treatment of Wool and similar Fibres by Means of Solvents.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1898-Accepted, 12th Nov., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Treatment of Wool and similar Fibres by
Means of Solvents.
I, EMILE MAERTENS, of Providence, R.I., United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows;-
In the Specification of my former British Patent No. 16889 of 1895, I have
described an apparatus and process of extracting from raw wool and other materials
by means of suitable volatile solvents the resinous matters, essential oils fatty
and other similar matters associated therewith; this process comprises two character-
istic features. (1) the treatment of the materials by means of suitable volatile
solvents. (2) the extracting of these solvents and their residues by means of
compressed gas.
The present invention relates especially to this second feature giving improved
details and the means of economical removal and saving of the solvent adhering
to the materials after their treatment by this solvent.
In the process of extracting the fatty and other similar matters as described
in the specification of my aforesaid patent, the fibres are treated in vessels closeh
till the moment when the complete extraction of the fatty matters by means of
the volatile solvents is effected.
In the example described hereinafter in detail, I employ the best and most
economical of the solvents and the most economical means in retrieving it.
I employ a gas which is contained in a holder, it is withdrawn from said
holder for use and returned to the holder after use, to be repeatedly reused. The
gas employed is compressed and used as a forcing or motive power or agent to
circulate the solvents through the fibres under treatment; it is used to press
the liquid solvent out of the fibres, as well as to how out of them such solvent
as has not been removed by pressure; it is used as a heat carrying medium to
the fibres and as a solvent vapour carrying medium from the fibres; it is used
as an atmosphere wherein to carry on the extracting operation; for covering
the solvent in the reservoirs, and for taking the place of the solvent removed
from any of the elements forming a part of the apparatus, and thus prevents the
ignition of the solvent vapours by the electric or other spark which may accidentally
be communicated to it. And since the gas is always moved in a closed circuit
it prevents the loss of solvent vapours and it can be used repeatedly without limit.
I would explain that the gas just referred to as being employed in my improved
process is an inert gas, or a gas which does not form explosive compounds with
the vapours of the solvents used' or with atmospheric air, such for example as
nitrogen or carbonic acid gas. Hydrogen, illuminating gas and even atmospheric
air can be used, so far as the carrying out of the process is concerned, but hydrogen
and carburetted hydrogen are less desirable on account of their inflammability
and explosive properties when mixed with air, and even atmospheric air makes
a very dangerous and explosive compound when mixed with the vapours of the
solvents employed, in certain proportions, and it is therefore an undesirable and
unsafe agent to use, consequently without limiting myself to the use of any

page_text: particular or specific gas or mixture of gases for carrying out my improved
process I prefer and recommend the employment of inert gases or mixtures of
such gases.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings representing a side elevation, in partial
section, of a plant capable of performing the functions forming the subject of my
present invention.
section, of a plant capable of performing the functions forming the subject of my
present invention.
A indicates
a gas
holder.
B is a gas compressor.
U is an exhauster or vacuum pump.
Dis a blower or a rotary and positive gas or air circulating pump.
E is a condenser, wherein the cooling medium is water.
Fis a heater, the heating medium being steam.
G is a 4 way valve used for reversing the direction of motion of the circulating
gas through the digesters.
His a trap tank, forming a water seal between the gas in the holder and the
rest of the system.
I and I are digesters wherein the wool or fibres are treated, as in extracting
the grease, &c.
JJ and J2 are storage tanks for solvents of different degrees of purity or
saturation.
K is an overflow tank through which the compressed gas, when liberated from
any of the digesters or tanks, return to the holder, it also serves as a catch basin
for any liquid solvent carried along with the gas or for any solvent which might
accidentally overflow from the digesters or storage tanks.
L is a separating tank wherein the water coming from the steam used in the
treating process, or trom the fibres, is separated from the solvent.
M is a suction or vacuum main communicating with the suction ends of the
exhauster C and blower D, but which (through the branch M, 4 way valve G
heater F condenser E, valve and pipe N2) can also be made to communicate
with the discharge end of the blower D.
N is a discharge or pressure main communicating with the discharge end of
the blower, but which can also be put in communication with the suction end
of said blower, by the branch N¹ 4 way valve, pipe N and valve ³, and in com-
munication with the atmosphere through branches N³ and N³.
O is a main supplying compressed gas to the system.
P is a main leading any liberated gas back to the holder.
Qis a main communicating with the storage tanks and for supplying solvent
to the digesters.
R is a main communicating with the storage tanks, and receiving the returned
or used solvent from the digesters.
S is a top connection located between and uniting the digesters thereby allowing
the
escape of gas from one digester into the other when desirable.
T is a pipe through which gas from the holder A is admitted into the system,
via pipe P.
U is a pipe for conveying condensed vapours from the condenser E and suction
end of blower D to tank L.
Vis a pipe for supplying the compressor B with gas from the holder A.
W is a pipe, adapted to convey condensed solvent from the surface of the water
in the gas holder tank into tank L.
XX are the doors through which the digesters are filled.
YY are the doors through which the digesters are emptied.
Z is a pipe leading from the storage tanks to the distillery, where the wool fat
is recovered from the solvent.
The following is a description of the operation of the apparatus.
The digesters I and I' having been filled with wool through the upper openings
or necks of the digesters the several doors X and Y are then hermetically closed,
and in order to make a vacuum in the digesters the latter are put into com-

page_text: munication with the exhauster C (through valves h h³, main M and valve ť²)
thereby withdrawing the air from the digesters and discharging it into the atmo-
sphere by the exhauster C, via valve a. Now when a vacuum of about 28 or 29
inches of mercury has been obtained the exhauster is stopped and all the valves
previously opened are closed.
The solvent from tank J (which contains solvent having considerable wool fat
in solution) is brought into digester I by opening valves 6 and C, thus establishing
communication between the tank and digester, and at the same time starting
compressor B followed by opening valve e, thereby allowing compressed gas to
enter tank J and force its contents into digester I. When the latter is full of
solvent (which is shown by a gauge glass) the valves previously opened are closed,
and valve d opened, the compressed gas in tank J escapes back to the holder A,
via main P and tanks K and H.
In order to force the solvent contained in digester I into digester I¹ and replace
the solvent in digester I by the solvent contained in tank Ji (which is slightly
impregnated with wool fat from use in previous operations) communication is
established between the compressor B and tank J¹ by opening valve el. Valves b¹
and C are also opened, and when pressure appears on the pressure gauge of
digester I the latter is put into communication at its bottom with the top of
digester I¹ by opening valve C₁, thereby allowing the solvent contained in digester I
to be diverted to the top of digester I¹, whereas the solvent contained in tank J¹
fills the digester I. When the digester I¹ is full, valves 61 and e¹ are closed, the
compressor B stopped and valve d opened, thus allowing the compressed gas
contained in tank J¹ to escape to the holder A via main P and tanks K and H.
Now to rinse the wool or material under treatment with pure solvent, tank J2
(which contains the latter) is put into communication with the compressor B
(which is now started) by opening valve e², the valve 62 is also opened, and as
soon as pressure shows on the gauges of the digesters the bottom of digester I¹
is put into communication with tank J by opening valves f1 and 1, and the clean
solvent from tank J2 enters digester I while the solvent which was contained in
the latter digester escapes from its bottom into the top of digester I¹ and the
solvent contained in digester I¹ escapes through its bottom into tank J.
After a quantity of solvent equal to more than the contents of digester I¹ has
been let into the tank J the valve is opened this allows the solvent then con-
tained in digester I and which in part originally came from tank J¹ to re-enter
this latter tank, mixed with a quantity of what was originally pure solvent. By
the time tank J is full the tank J2 will be empty of its solvent, as well as digester I,
and digester I¹ will only contain a small amount of (practically) pure solvent.
The compressor B is then stopped, valve closed as well as valves C C¹ and e²,
and valves and fare opened. The gas contained in tank J2 escapes to the
holder, via valve 2 main P and tanks K and H, while the solvent still contained
in digester I¹ and that which may drip from digester I enters tank J2.
Now in order to squeeze out the bulk of the solvent still retained by the wool
valves and f¹ are closed and valves g and gl opened, the compressor B is then
started and a strong gas pressure is accumulated on top of the material contained
in the digesters. By means of the thus compressed gas and the quick opening of
valves f and f¹ the greater portion of the solvent retained by the fibres is expressed
and run into the tank J2. This last operation is repeated once or twice and then
compressed gas is allowed to blow (for a few minutes) through the material thereby
practically removing all the solvent which can be eliminated from the fibres in
liquid form. It is of course understood that the gas used for this purpose finds
the way back to the holder A, via tank J2 valve main P and tanks K and H.
In order to eliminate the solvent still adhering to the fibre all the valves pre-
viously opened are next closed and the digesters are put into communication at
their upper ends with the suction of the blower D through valves h h¹ main M
valves branch M¹ 4 way valve G pipe N4 and valve h³, the bottom of the digesters
being put in communication with the discharge or forcing end of said blower,

page_text: which is now started, through valves i piping N, valve 22 branch N¹ 4 way
valve G heater F condenser E and valve 23, at the same time circulating cold water
through the condenser and steam through the heater, it being understood that the
digesters, pipes, heater, condenser and blower are filled with the gas forming
the circulating medium.
The gas discharged by the blower is deprived of moisture and solvent vapours
by passing it through the condenser, it is warmed or heated by passing it through
the heater, it enters the digesters in a dry state at their lower ends, it saturates
itself with solvent vapours while passing upwardly through the wool or material
in the digesters. Such upward movement of the gas being effected by the partial
vacuum existing at the top of the digesters and caused by the suction of the
blower D and the resistance of the wool in the digesters. As soon as the solvent
vapour laden gas has passed from the blower into the condenser it is stripped of
all the solvent and moisture it has absorbed, it is then reheated and repassed
through the wool, the operation being continued in this unbroken circuit or cycle
until it has deprived the wool of all the volatilizable solvent which it contained.
During the circulation of gas through the fibres, as just described, and in order
to maintain their proper hvorometric condition, a small jet of steam is admitted
in the current by pipes provided for the purpose, and that the contents at both
ends of the digesters may receive, as near as possible, the same amount of heat
the 4 way valve G has been provided, by turning the wing of this valve way
round at stated intervals of time the suction and discharge of the blower D
from and to the top and bottom of the digesters is alternated and an unequal
treatment of the different parts of the digesters is thus avoided.
The solvent and water vapours withdrawn from the fibres and which con-
dense in the blower and condenser run through valves k and k¹ into pipe U
and from the latter into tank L. A small cock placed in pipe U is used as
a tell tale to indicate when the solvent vapours have ceased coming over, thus
indicating to the attendant that the drying or solvent operation is completed.
When this is accomplished the gas is removed from the digesters, pipes, etc.,
and for this purpose the blower D is stopped, the valves h² 3 h³ and k are
closed and valves t¹ and 2 on pipe leading to and from exhauster C are opened,
at the same time opening valve d in the gas escape pipe leading from tank L.
The vacuum pump C is now started, by means of which the gas contained in the
digesters and pipes (as well as any remnants or traces of solvent which may accident-
ally have been left in the wool and which is volatilized under the influence of
the heat in the material and the high vacuum produced) is withdrawn from that
part of the system and returned to the gas holder A, via valve condenser E,
tank L, main P, and tanks K and H. When a sufficiently high vacuum has been
obtained the pump C is stopped and all the valves previously open (except i i
h and h¹) are closed.
The wool being now freed from solvent and in a dry condition and the digesters
having been freed from gas, atmospheric air is next let into the two digesters by
opening the valve m¹ of the air pipe N5.
The digesters themselves are then again put into communication with the
blower D which is started, and made to discharge into the atmosphere through
valves m.
Finally atmospheric air mixed with steam (admitted into pipe N through
suitable connections) is now circulated through the contents of the digesters for
two or three minutes, after which the wool or material with which the digesters
is charged will be found in proper condition to be removed from them. This
may be effected after closing all the valves and stopping the blower D, througli
the digester doors Y.

page_text: Process and Apparatus for Treatment of Wool and similar Fibres by
Means of Solvents.
I, EMILE MAERTENS, of Providence, R.I., United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment;
In the Specification of my former British Patent No. 16889 of 1895 I have
described an apparatus and process of extracting from raw wool and other materials
by means of suitable volatile solvents the resinous matters, essential oils fatty
and other similar matters associated therewith, this process comprises two character-
istic features. (1) the treatment of the materials by means of suitable volatile
solvents. (2) the extracting of these solvents and their residues by means of
compressed gas.
The present invention relates especially to this second feature giving improved
details and the means of economical removal and saving of the solvent adhering
to the materials after their treatment by this solvent.
In the process of extracting the fatty and other similar matters as described
in the specification of my aforesaid patent, the fibres are treated in vessels closed
till the moment when the complete extraction of the fatty matters by means of
the volatile solvents is effected.
In the example described hereinafter in detail I employ the best and most
economical of the solvents and the most economical means in retrieving it.
employ a gas which is contained in a holder, it is withdrawn from said
The
holder for use and returned to the holder after use, to beatedly reused.
gas employed is compressed and used as a forcing or
wer or agent to
circulate the solvents through the fibres under treatment; it is used to press
the liquid solvent out of the fibres, as well as to blow out of them such solvent
as has not been removed by pressure; it is used as a heat carrying medium to
the fibres and as a solvent vapour carrying medium from the fibres; it is used
as an atmosphere wherein to carry on the extracting operation; for covering
the solvent in the reservoirs, and for taking the place of the solvent remove i
from any of the elements forming a part of the apparatus and thus prevents the
ignition of the solvent vapours by the electric or other spark which may accidentally
be communicated to it. And since the gas is always moved in a closed circuit
it prevents the loss of solvent vapours and it can be used repeatedly without limit.
I would explain that the gas just referred to as being employed in my improved
process is an inert gas, or a gas which does not form explosive compounds with
the vapours of the solvents used or with atmospheric air, such for example
nitrogen or carbonic acid gas. Hydrogen, illuminating gas and even atmospheric
air can be used, so far as the carrying out of the process is concerned, but hydrogen
and carburetted hydrogen are less desirable on account of their inflammability
and explosive properties when mixed with air, and even atmospheric air makes
a very dangerous and explosive compound when mixed with the vapours of the
solvents employed in certain proportions, and it is therefore an undesirable and
unsafe agent to use, consequently without limiting myself to the use of any
particular or specific gas or mixture of gases for carrying out my improvel
process I prefer and recommend the employment of inert gases or mixtures of
such gases.
In the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification representing a side
elevation, in partial section, of a plant capable of performing the func-

page_text: tions forming the subject of my present invention. A indicates a gas
holder. B is a gas compressor.
is an exhauster or vacuum pump. Dis
a blower or a rotary and positive gas or air circulating pump. E is a con-
denser, wherein the cooling medium is water. F is a heater, the heating medium
being steam. G is a 4 way valve used for reversing the direction of motion of
the circulating gas through the digesters.
H is a trap tank, forming a water seal between the gas in the holder and the
rest of the system. I and I¹ are digesters wherein the wool or fibres are treated
as in extracting the grease &c. JJ and J2 are storage tanks for solvents of
different degrees of purity or saturation. K is an overflow tank through which
the compressed gas when liberated from any of the digesters or tanks return to
the holder it also serves as a catch basin for any liquid solvent carried along with
the gas or for any solvent which might accidentally overflow from the digesters
or storage tanks.
L is a separating tank wherein the water coming from the steam used in the
treating process, or from the fibres, is separated from the solvent.
M is a suction or vacuum main communicating with the suction ends of the
exhauster C and blower D), but which (through the branch M¹, 4 way valve G
heater F condenser E, valve 23 and pipe N2) can also be made to communicate
with the discharge end of the blower D.
N is a discharge or pressure main communicating with the discharge end of
the blower, but which can also be put in communication with the suction end
of said blower, by the branch N¹, 4 way valve, pipe N and valve h³ and in com-
munication with the atmosphere through branches N³ and N5.
is a main supplying compressed gas to the system.
P is a main leading any liberated gas back to the holder.
Qis a main communicating with the storage tanks and for supplying solvent
to the digesters.
R is a main communicating with the storage tanks, and receiving the returned
or used solvent from the digesters.
S is a top connection located between and uniting the digesters thereby allowing
the escape of gas from one digester into the other when desirable.
T is a pipe through which gas from the holder A is admitted into the system
via pipe P. U is a pipe for conveying condensed vapours from the condenser E
and suction end of blower D to tank L. V is a pipe for supplying the com-
pressor B with gas from the holder A. W is a pipe adapted to convey condensed
solvent from the surface of the water in the gas holder tank into tank L. XX are
the doors through which the digesters are filled. YY are the doors through which
the digesters are emptied. Z is a pipe leading from the storage tanks to the dis-
tillery where the wool fat is recovered from the solvent.
The following is a description of the operation of the apparatus.
The digesters I and I having been filled with wool through the upper openings
or necks of the digesters the several doors X and Y are then hermetically closed,
and in order to make a vacuum in the digesters the latter are put into com-
munication with the exhauster C (through valves h h main M and valve 12)
thereby withdrawing the air from the digesters and discharging it into the atmo-
sphere by the exhauster C via valve a. Now when a vacuum of about 28 or 29
inches of mercury has been obtained the exhauster is stopped and all the valves
previously opened are closed.
The solvent from tank J (which contains solvent having considerable wool fat
in solution) is brought into digester I by opening valves b and C thus establishing
communication between the tank and digester and at the same time starting
compressor B followed by opening valve e, thereby allowing compressed gas to
enter tank J and force its contents into digester I. When the latter is full of
solvent (which is shown by a gauge glass) the valves previously opened are closed,
and valve d opened, the compressed gas in tank J escapes back to the holder A,
via main P and tanks K and H.

page_text: In order to force the solvent contained in digester I into digester I¹ and replace
the solvent in digester I by the solvent contained in tank J (which is slightly
impregnated with wool fat from use in previous operations) communication is
established between the compressor B and tank J' by opening valve el. Valves b¹
and C are also opened, and when pressure appears on the pressure gauge of
digester I the latter is put into communication at its bottom with the top of
digester I by opening valve C thereby allowing the solvent contained in digester I .
to be diverted to the top of digester 1, whereas the solvent contained in tank Ji
fills the digester I. When the digester I is full, valves b¹ and e¹ are closed, the
compressor B stopped and valve d' opened, thus allowing the compressed gas
contained in tank J' to escape to the holder A via main P and tanks K and H.
Now to rinse the wool or material under treatment with pure solvent tank J²
(which contains the latter) is put into communication with the compressor B
(which is now started) by opening valve e, the valve 62 is also opened and as
soon as pressure shows on the gauges of the digesters the bottom of digester I'
is put into communication with tank J by opening valves f¹ and I, and the clean
solvent from tank J2 enters digester I while the solvent which was contained in
the latter digester escapes from its bottom into top of the digester I³ and the
solvent contained in digester I¹ escapes through its bottom into tank J.
After a quantity of solvent equal to more than the contents of digester I¹ has
been let into the tank J the valve is opened this allows the solvent then con-
tained in digester I and which in part originally came from tank J¹ to reenter
this latter tank mixed with a quantity of what was originally pure solvent. By
the time tank J's full the tank J2 will be empty of its solvent, as well as digester 1
and digester I will only contain a small amount of (practically) pure solvent.
The compressor B is then stopped, valve closed as well as valves CU and e²,
and valves 2 and f are opened. The gas contained in tank J2 escapes to the
holder via valve d² main P and tanks K and H, while the solvent still contained
in digester I and that which may drip from digester I enters tank J2.
Now in order to squeeze out the bulk of the solvent still retained by the wool
valves and f¹ are closed and valves g and g' opened, the compressor B is then
started and a strong gas pressure is accumulated on top of the material contained
in the digesters. By means of the thus compressed gas and the quick opening of
valves f and f¹ the greater portion of the solvent retained by the fibres is expressed
and run into the tank J. This last operation is repeated once or twice and then
compressed gas is allowed to blow (for a few minutes) through the material thereby
practically removing all the solvent which can be eliminated from the fibres in
liquid form. It is of course understood that the gas used for this purpose finds
its way back to the holder A, via tank J2 valve main B and tanks K and H.
In order to eliminate the solvent still adhering to the fibres all the valves pre-
viously opened are next closed and the digesters are put into communication at
their upper ends with the suction of the blower I through valves h h main M
valves branch M¹ 4 way valve G pipe N and valve h³, the bottom of the digesters
being put in communication with the discharge or forcing end of said blower,
which is now started through valves piping N valve branch N¹ 4 way
valve G heater F condenser E and valve at the same time circulating cold water
through the condenser and steam through the heater, it being understood that the
digesters, pipes, heater, condenser and blower are filled with the gas forming the
circulating medium.
The gas discharged by the blower is deprived of moistures and solvent vapours
by passing it through the condenser, it is warmed or heated by passing it through
the heater, it enters the digesters in a dry state at their lower ends, it saturates
itself with solvent vapours while passing upwardly through the wool or material
in the digesters. Such upward movement of the gas being effected by the partial
vacuum existing at the top of the digesters and caused by the suction of the
blower D and the resistance of the wool in the digesters. As soon as the solvent-
vapour-laden-gas has passed from the blower into the condenser it is stripped of

page_text: all the solvent and moisture it has absorbed, it is then reheated and repassed
through the wool, the operation being continued in this unbroken circuit or cycle
until it has deprived the wool of all the volatilizable solvent which it contained.
During the circulation of gas through the fibres, as just described and in order
to maintain their proper hygrometric condition, a small jet of steam is admitted
in the current by pipes provided for the purpose, and that the contents of both
ends of the digesters may receive, as near as possible, the same amount of heat
the 4 way valve G has been provided, by turning the wing of this valve way
around at stated intervals of time the suction and discharge of the blower 1)
from and to the top and bottom of the digesters is alternated and an unequal
treatment of the different parts of the digesters is thus avoided.
The solvent and water vapours withdrawn from the fibres and which con-
dense in the blower and condenser run through valves and into pipe U
and from the latter into tank L. A small cock u placed in pipe U is used as
a tell tale to indicate when the solvent vapours have ceased coming over, thus
indicating to the attendant that the drying or solvent operation is completed.
When this is accomplished the gas is removed from the digester, pipes etc.
and for this purpose the blower D is stopped, the valves
and are
closed and valves t¹ and 2 on pipe leading to and from exhauster Care opened
at the same time opening the valve d in the gas escape pipe leading from tank L.
The vacuum pump C is now started by means of which the gas contained in
the digesters and pipes (as well as any remnants or traces of solvent which may acci-
dently have been left in the wool and which is volatilized under the influence of
the heat in the material and the high vacuum produced) is withdrawn from that
part of the system and returned to the gas holder A, via valve condenser E
tank L main P and tanks K and H. When a sufficiently high vacuum has been
obtained the pump is stopped and all the valves previously open (except i i¹
hand ¹) are closed.
The wool being now freed from solvent and in a dry condition and the digesters
having been freed from gas, atmospheric air is next let into the two digesters by
opening the valve m¹ of the air pipe N³.
The digesters themselves are then again put into communication with the
blower D which is started and made to discharge into the atmosphere through
valves m.
Finally atmospheric air mixed with steam (admitted into pipe N through
suitable connections) is now circulated through the contents of the digesters for
two or three minutes, after which the wool or material with which the digesters
is charged will be found in proper condition to be removed from them. This
may be effected after closing all the valves and stopping the blower D through
the digester doors Y.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;
-
1. In the art of removing solvent or residual solvent from fibrous and other
materials containing the same, the improvement which consists in passing a
suitable gas through the material, then freeing the gas wholly or in part from the
solvent which it has absorbed and finally reusing the gas substantially as described.
2. In the art of removing solvent or residual solvent from fibrous and other
materials containing the same, the improvement which consists in first heating a
suitable gas, then passing it through the said material, then cooling the gas whereby
it is freed wholly or in part from solvent, and then conducting the gas to a suitable
holder substantially as described.
3. In the art of removing solvent or residual solvent from fibrous and other
materials containing the same, the improvement which consists in passing a
suitable gas through the material, circulating said gas in a closed circuit, freeing
it wholly or in part from the solvent which it has absorbed, on its way from and
before its return through the material substantially as described.

page_text: 4. In the art of removing solvent or residual solvent from fibrous and other
materials containing the same, the improvement which consists in passing a
suitable gas through the material, circulating said gas in a closed circuit, heating
on its way through the material so as to make its absorbent capacity greater and
cooling it on its way from the material so as to free it wholly or in part from solvent,
substantially as described.
5. In the art of removing solvent or residual solvent from fibrous and other
materials containing the same, the improvement which consists in circulating
through the material a suitable gas which is drawn from a holder and is returned
to said holder after use, substantially as described.
6. In the art of removing solvent or residual solvent from fibrous and other
material containing the same, the improvement which consists in the employment
of a suitable gas or mixture of gases, drawn from a holder and used to form an
atmosphere above the solvent in the reservoirs, herein before described, to circulate
the liquid solvent through the material being treated to form a heat carrying
mediuin to the material and to serve as a solvent vapor carrying agent from said
material, and after being devaporized wholly or in part is returned to the holder
and is adapted to be repeatedly reused, substantially as described.
7. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for solvents,
a vacuum pump arranged to pump air or gas out of the system into the atmosphere
or to circulate the same through the system and suitably connected valved piping
for circulating the solvent, air or gas substantially as described.
8. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for the solvent
a gas holder a vacuum pump arranged to pump air or gas out of the system into
the atmosphere or into the gas holder or to circulate the same through the system
and suitably connected valved piping for circulating the solvents and air or gas
and for carrying the gas from the holder to the digesters, reservoirs etc. and for
returning it to said holder, substantially as described.
9. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials, with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for the
solvents, a vacuum pump arranged to pump air or gas out of the system into the
atmosphere or into the gas holder or to circulate the same through the system a gas
compresser and suitably connected valved piping for circulating the solvent and air
or gas and for carrying the gas from holder to the digesters reservoirs, etc. and for
returning it to said holder, substantially as described.
10. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for solvents
a vacuum pump arranged to pump air or gas out of the system into the atmosphere
or into the gas holder or to circulate the same through the system, a gas com-
pressor, a condenser, and suitably connected valved piping for circulating the
solvent and air or gas and for carrying the gas from the holder to the digesters,
reservoirs, compressor etc. and for returning it to said holder substantially as
described.
11. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for the
solvents, a gas holder, a vacuum pump, a gas compresser, a condenser, a heater, and
suitably connected valved piping for circulating the solvent and air or gas and for
carrying the gas from the holder to the digesters, reservoirs, compressor etc., and for
returning it to said holder, substantially as described.
12. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous and other

page_text: materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for solvents,
a gas holder a vacuum pump, a gas compresser, a condenser, a heater a blower,
and suitably connected valved piping for circulating the solvent and air or gas and
for carrying the gas from the holder to the digesters, reservoirs, compresser etc. and
for returning it to said holder substantially as described.
13. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for the
solvent, a gas holder, a vacuum pump, a gas compresser, a condenser a heater,
a blower, a 4 way valve and suitably connected valved piping for circulating the
solvent and air or gas and for carrying the gas from the holder to the digesters,
reservoirs, compressor etc. and for returning it to said holder substantially as
described.
14. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters one or more reservoirs for the
solvents, a gas holder, a vacuum pump, a gas compresser, a condenser a heater,
a blower, a 4 way valve, a trap tank and suitably connected valved piping for
circulating the solvent and air or gas and for carrying the gas from the holder to,
the digesters, reservoirs compresser, etc and for returning it to said holder, sub-
stantially as described.
15. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for the
solvents, a gas holder, a vacuum pump, a gas compresser, a condenser, a heater,
a blower, a 4 way valve, a trap tank an overflow tank, and suitably connected
valve piping for circulating the solvent and air or gas and for carrying the gas
from the holder to the digesters, reservoirs, compressor etc. and for returning
it to said holder, substantially as described.
16. In apparatus used in the art of extracting matters from fibrous or other
materials with volatile solvents and of removing solvent or residual solvent there-
from, the combination of one or more digesters, one or more reservoirs for the
solvents, a gas holder, a vacuum pump, a gas compresser, a condenser, a heater,
a blower, a 4 way valve, a trap tank an overflow tank, a separating tank, and
suitably connected valved piping for circulating the solvent and air or gas and for
carrying the gas from the holder to the digesters, reservoirs, compressors, etc. and
for returning it to said holder substantially as described.
Data h 0741 1 of Anowat 1000
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London.