Improvements in or connected with Machines for Opening. Cleaning, Twisting or Winding Cotton or other Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 7th July, 1890-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Machines for Opening. Cleaning,
Twisting or Winding Cotton or other Fibrous Materials.
We JOHN ALSTON HART of Higher Bank Blackburn in the County of Lancaster
Engineer and DOCTOR CHARLES BAYNES of Knuzden House Blackburn aforesaid
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object to supply more efficient means for automatically
controlling and varying as required the speeds of mechanisms used in machines for
preparing or working cotton or other fibrous materials.
According to our Invention we provide mechanisms to automatically indicate or
express the required speeds which may be variable and we also provide a suitable
brake or friction clutch or suitable brakes or friction clutches suitably driven. Further
we provide mechanisms to enable the aforesaid variable speeds as automatically
indicated or expressed to automatically control and vary the action as required of one
or more of the aforesaid brakes or friction clutches and we provide mechanisms by
which the automatically controlled and variable action of one or more of these brakes
or friction clutches shall automatically control and vary as required the speed of the
mechanisms used in the machines to which our Invention relatos.
Dated this 5th day of September 1889.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Machines for Opening, Cleaning,
Twisting or Winding Cotton or other Fibrous Materials.
We JOHN ALSTON HART of Higher Bank Blackburn in the County of Lancaster
Engineer and DOCTOR CHARLES BAYNES of Knuzdon House Blackburn aforesaid
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
Our Invention relates to the mechanisms which are used in machines for opening
cleaning twisting or winding cotton or other textile materials for automatically
regulating and controlling the speed of the feed or delivery or twisting and winding
mechanisms of such machines.
Hitherto in machines for opening and cleaning cotton or other textile material the
thickness gauging device used for ascertaining the average thickness of textile material,
passing into, through or from such machines has been used to more or less directly
control and vary the action of the mechanism used for varying the speed of the feed
or delivery mechanism, and as such speed varying mechanisms are in general such as
operate through the agency of friction and as such friction has to be considerable to
perform the work and as the effective friction is liable to great variation due to the
influence of dust and fluff grease and loss of elasticity the said mechanisms are very
liable to irregular slippage or irregularity of movement upon which there is no check
and for which there is no compensation and consequently the action of the whole
mechanism in regulating and varying the speed of the feed or delivery mechanisms to
which it is applied, is uncertain and irregular and further the amount of force required
to control and vary the action of such mechanism is, in general, so great as interfere
with the accuracy of the movements and in lications of the thickness gauging device
by which it is controlled, and this causes still further inaccuracies and irregularities

page_text: Similar irregularities and inaccuracies occur in the speed varying mechanisms hitherto
used in machines for twisting and winding cotton and other textile material and the
object of our Invention is to provide means whereby these objections are over-
come
According to our Invention we provide mechanisms to automatically indicate and
express the required speeds which may be variable and we also provide a suitable
brake or friction clutch or suitable brakes or friction clutches or equivalent device as
hereinafter more fully explained. We also provide mechanisms to enable the
aforesaid variable speeds as automatically indicated and expressed to auto-
matically control and vary the action as required of one or more of the aforesaid
brakes friction clutches or equivalent device and we provide mechanisms by
which the automatically controlled and variable action of one or more of these brakes
or friction clutches or equivalent device shall automatically control and vary as
required the speed of the mechanisms for feeding or delivering or twisting or winding
the cotton or other fibrous material.
The aforesaid mechanisms are combined so as to mutually act to gain the desired
end as will be understood by the hereinafter described means for carrying the Inven-
tion into effect. We premise that the following descriptions with reference to the
accompanying drawings explain the best methods with which we are acquainted for
carrying our Invention into effect but we do not limit ourselves to the precise details
which we shall describe.
Figures 1, 2, 3 and + illustrate one arrangement of mechanisms for carrying our
Invention into effect as applied to control the speed of the feed mechanism in a cotton
beating or lap finishing machine.
The automatic speed expressing mechanism is composed in part of a pair of cone
drums A A¹ the driver cone drum A is driven from one of the axes of the delivery
mechanism and thus ensures that the speed of the driver cone drum is constant
relatively to the speed of the delivery mechanism and forms the standard speed
relative to which the speed of the feel mechanism varies.
This driver cone drum A drives by means of the bevel wheels B the shaft ('fast to
and rotating with which is a part or arm D having thereon pins d on which the two
mitre wheels E E are free to rotate. The mitre wheel F gears into the wheels E E
and is mounted loosely on the shaft C. Fast to or formed in one with the wheel Fis
the bevel wheel G. The said wheels G and Fare rotated at variable speeds by the
driven cone drum A¹ by means of the bevel wheel H fast on the spindle of the said drum
and gearing with the wheel G. The wheel I has secured to or formed in one with it
the mitre wheel J these also being mounted loosely on the shaft (and together with
the wheels E E, F forming a jack box or train of differential gearing by the action of
which the wheel I and its attached wheel J are rotated at speeds which vary corre-
spondingly with those of the driven cone drum A' though in different proportion.
The strap forks K are connected at K' to the thickness gauging device in such manner
that the said device shall control the movements of the strap forks, and therefore the
position of strap L on the cone drums A A' and thus automatically control the speed
of the driven cone drum A' and thereby express by the wheel J the varied speeds at
which the feed roller mechanism is required to be rotated to enable the quantity of
textile material in any given length as delivered to be practically uniform and
regular.
The average thickness gauging mechanism is omitted from the figure for the sake
of clearness of illustration. It may be of any known or suitable kind and therefore it
is unnecessary to illustrate it.
The speed varying mechanism which controls and varies the speed of the feed
mechanism is composed as follows: The axis M carries the fast and loose pulleys N
and N over which passes the strap O which is driven from any suitable part. For
example it may be driven by a pulley on the first motion shaft of the delivery
mechanism. The strap fork P is attached to the lever Q and acts on the slack side of
the strap O as it advances towards the pulleys N and N¹.
The axis M is geared through the wheels R and R' to the feed roller S and the

page_text: speed of the axis M and therefore of the feed roller and attached mechanism is varied
and controlled by shifting the strap from the loose pulley, partly or wholly on to the
fast pulley so that more or less of its width is in contact with the fast pulley and to
such an extent that the friction is exactly that required to maintain the rotation of the
axis M and its attached mechanism at the speed required.
The speed of the speed varying mechanism is automatically controlled by the
speed expressing mechanism by varying the position of the strap O as follows.
The mitre wheel J, gears with the mitre wheels T which rotato on pins w
carried by the bevel wheel W, which is mounted loosely on the shaft C,
and is geared with the bevel wheel X which is fast to and rotates with the
spur wheel Z which gears with the wheel R¹ fast on the axis S of the feed
roller. The mitre wheel 1 mounted loosely on the shaft C and has attached to
it a spur wheel 2 which gears into a rack or quadrant q formed on the strap fork
lever Q. This lever is so weighted or acted upon by a spring or springs as always to
tend to keep the strap O on the loose pulley Ni. The wheel 1 can be thrown out of
gear with the other wheels of the jack box by means of the clutch fork 4 operated
through the rod Z, by the stop motion at the delivery end of the machine. Rotation
of the wheel 2 shifts the strap 0 in a direction such that by the ensuing altered speed
of the axis M and consequently of the wheel W, the wheel 2 and the strap fork will be
again brought to rest.
The action of the controlling gear is as follows. From the principle of a jack box
constructed as described, it follows that in order that the wheel 2 shall not rotate and
that the strap fork P shall remain stationary the varied speed of the wheel W must
always be half the corresponding varied speeds of the wheel J, and they must revolve
in the same direction; that is when the wheel W is revolving in the same lirection as
and at half the speed of the wheel J, the wheel 2 and strap fork lever will remain
stationary. But if from any cause the wheel W does not revolve at half the speed
of the wheel J, such as for instance owing to the speed of the wheel J having been
altered by the thickness gauging device or from the speed of the wheel W having
been altered owing to a change, from any cause in the friction of a strap 0, on the
pully N or from a variation in the load which the strap has to drive then the wheel 2
will revolve and shift the strap fork P in a direction which by the consequent altered
speed of the axis M, and wheels R. R' and Z will cause the wheel W to again revolve
at half the speed of the wheel J when the wheel 2 and the strap fork lever Q will
again become stationary.
The nature of the above control prevents any accumulation of error between the
revolutions of the wheels W and J so long as the wheel 2 remains in gear with the
rack and the width of the pulleys N. N₁ and length of rack on the strap fork lever
can be so arranged and adjusted that the mechanism will throw the strap off the
pulleys on either side before the wheel 2 gets out of gear with the rack. Thus if the
load on the feed mechanism becomes too great from any cause, such as for instance
the sticking fast of any part, or if the strap 0 from stretching or prolonged use
becomes too slack or too greasy, or if it breaks so that the feed mechanism is not
driven at as quick a speed as required by the speed expressing mechanism, then the
strap will by the continued revolutions of the wheel 2, be thrown off over the side
of the fast pulley or if the loose pulley Nay through want of oil, should stick fast
on the axis M. and the feel mechanism consequently be driven too quickly the strap 0,
will, by the continued revolution of the wheel 2 be thrown off over the side of the
loose pulley, and in either case the feed roller and attached mechanism will stop until
the atten lant remedies the defect.
The control is in practice quick and sensitive, and the strap of the friction speed
varying mechanism almost instantly adjusts itself to any variation either in the load
or the efficiency of the frictional surfaces and consequently the speed of the fred
mechanism will be automatically altered and controlled to accord with the speeds
expressed by the automatically controlled speel expressing mechanism.
The combination of the cone drums with the differential gear by which the wheel J
is connected to the driven cone drum A¹ enables us to obtain a greater range of

page_text: variation in the resulting speeds of the wheel J than can be obtained by cone drums
alone. We are moreover also enabled to use cone drums of much less taper by reason
of which the tendency of the strap L to run towards the ends of the drums A A' and
the consequent interference with the accuracy of the indications and movements of
the thickness gauging mechanism which has to control the position of the strap is
much lessened.
When the lap is completed the clutch fork 4 connected to the knock out gear at
the delivery end of the machine knocks the wheel 1 out of gear with the rest of the
jack box and by the influence of the springs or weights which act upon the strap fork
lever the strap 0 is shifted from off the fast pulley and consequently the axis M
and feed mechanism connected therewith will stop: the wheel W likewise stops, and
consequently when the wheel 1 again put into gear by the clutch at the beginning
of a fresh lap the wheel 1 which then owing to the stoppage of the wheel W will be
rotated quickly will at once shift the strap on to the fast pulley until the speed of the
wheel W is again double that of the wheel J when the strap fork will again become
stationary.
Figures 5 to 7 illustrate another arrangement of the combination constituting our
invention as applied to and adapted for the requirements of a combined opening
beating and lap forming machine wherein the speed of the delivery mechanism is
required to be automatically varied as the quantity of cotton passing through such
machine varies so that the quantity of cotton in any given length of lap as delivered
by the machine shall be more uniform and regular and wherein the speed of the
mechanism which feeds the material to the opener is simultaneously required to be
automatically varied so as to reduce the variations of the quantity of cotton passing
through the machine and thus diminish the variations of speed required in the
delivery mechanism. The requirements are such that as the speed of the delivery
mechanism is automatically increased or decreased above or below the average speed
when a greater or lesser quantity of cotton than the average is passing through the
machine as ascertained by the gauging mechanism so the speed of the feed table or
lattice on which the cotton is fed to the machine shall be automatically decreased or
increased.
The gauging mechanism for ascertaining the quantity passing through the machine
and which measures the average thickness of the sheet or fleece as it passes between
the rotary gauging roller a and the gauging surfaces terminates in a lever & the
movements of which correspond with the variation in such average thickness the
said movements by the rod e automatically control the mechanism which expresses
the speeds required. A. A¹ indicates a pair of cone drums whereof the driver cone
drum A is rotated by the shaft a² by means of the gearing d d d³ d from the shaft C
and drives by means of the strap e the driven or variable cone drum A' at speeds
which are varied according to the position of the guiding strap fork of the position of
which is automatically controlled by the movements of the rod c.
The driven cone drum A¹ rotates the shaft g through the gearing g² g³ g* and g³ and
that shalt bas keyed on it the crosshead G on which are loosely mounted on pins
projecting from the crosshead G the mitre wheels G* and G³.
The mechanism for varying the speed of the feed mechanism and delivery
mechanism consists of the travelling strap H and three pulleys I. J. K inclosing the
differential gearing shewn in Figures 6 and 7 and the shafts connected therewith and
the variations of speed are effected by shifting the strap H so as to vary its position
on the said pulleys. The strap H is driven in any suitable manner for example it is
shewn as being driven by a pulley m² on the counter shaft M and its speed should be
sufficient to drive the combined fead and delivery mechanisin at the maximum speed
desired. The middle pulley I is keyed on the standard speed shaft C and has secured
to it pins on which are mounted loosely the bevil wheels 1 13. The other end of the
said shaft C rotates the gauging roller a by means of the pulley ( strap C³ and fast
and loose pulley C and C5 and the gearing C and C in connection therewith. The
other pulleys J and K and bevel wheel J are mounted loosely on the shaft C so as to
be able to rotate thereon. And the inner pulley K bevel wheel K'and spur K³ which

page_text: are fast to one another or formed in one piece so as to rotate together drive the
delivery mechanism of the machine by the wheel K³ gearing with the spur wheel K*
on the knock out shaft K³.
The outer pulley J is connected to the bevil wheel J2 by the gearing shown in
which the wheel J3 and bevil wheel J2 are formed or fastened to one anotlier so as to
rotate together as also are the two wheels J and J which are mounted on a pin
or stud and free to rotate thereon and of which the one J gears on the wheel J3 and
other Js with a wheel J fast to or in one with the said outer pulley J. This gearing
is so proportioned that the pulley J always rotates at half the speed of the bevil J².
The wheel J also gears with the wheel J which is fastened to and so rotates the
shaft J the other end of which J drives the feed table or lattice by means of the
pulley J and strap J and a fast and loose pulley on a shaft geared to such feed
table or lattice of the machine. A strap fork connected to the knock out motion
at the delivery end of the machine shifts the strap Jon to the loose pulley at the
completion of a lap and back upon the fast pulley at the beginning of the next and
so stops the motion of the feed table or lattice and the feeding in of the cotton to the
machine during the interval. A strap fork similarly operated by the knock out
motion shifts the strap C³ on to the loose pulley at C and so stops the rotation of
the gauge roller a during the same interval and so stops the passage of any cotton to
the delivery mechanism.
The shaft J J also by means of a pulley J¹³ and strap J drives the fan J1 which
draws the cotton on to the dust cages.
The shaft Ja through the gearing G G2 also rotates the mitre wheel G³ formed in
one with or fixed to the wheel G2 both being mounted loosely on the shaft g.
The controlling mechanism by which the speed expressing mechanism automatically
controls the speed varying mechanism is shewn in the arrangement of parts by which
the position of the strap H is automatically controlled by the differential gear at G
wherein the strap fork lever H2 which guides the strap H is free to move on a stud
at H3 and on which lever is formed the rack H gearing with the wheel H³ fast to
or formed in one with the bevel wheel G which is mounted loose on the shaft g so as
tg
to be able to rotate thereon and gears with the bevel wheels G' G³.
So long as the bevel G³ which is geared with the shaft J8 is rotated at double the
speed of and in the same direction as the part G so long will the bevel wheel G
remain stationary but any difference from such relation of their speeds will cause the
bevel G to rotate and by means of the wheel H³ gearing into the rack H₁ the strap
fork lever H2 will be caused to move in a direction and with a speed dependant on the
relative speeds of such wheel G³ and the part G and the parts are so arranged
relatively to one another that the strap will be shifted in such a direction that the
ensuing changed speed of the wheel G³ due to the changed position of the strap on
the pulleys I. J. K. will be more nearly double the speed of the part G.
By the action of the differential gear which is shown in connection with the
pulleys the speed of the fan and the feed table or lattice will be increased as that of
the delivery mechanism is decreased and vice versa and the controlling mechanism
can be connected with either side pulley provided the parts are proportioned
accordingly.
By the combined action of the strap on the pulleys I. J. K. and the differential gear
in connection therewith the speed of both delivery and feed mechanism will be
controlled as required for the due relation of their speeds and that expressed by the
speed expressing mechanism however the resistance of the fan and feed mechanism
may vary relatively to that of the delivery mechanism the strap being automatically
moved to such a position on the pulleys as will ensure this. Thus in ordinary working
where the work required to drive the delivery mechanism is greater than that require!
for the combined fan and feed mechanism the strap will be moved into a position
partly on the middle pulley and partly on the inner pulley and where the reverse is
the case as may occur when at the completion of a lap the knock out motion puts the
delivery mechanism with the exception of the lap winding rollers out of gear as also

page_text: the feed mechanism the strap will be moved into a position partly on the middle
pulley and partly on the outer pulley.
The speed of the middle pulley I and the shaft (to which it is fastened forms the
standard relative to which the speels of the hevel wheels and K2 will be varied.
And since the driver cone drum A of the speed expressing mechanism, and the
gauging roller a are both rotated from the standard speed shaft C(the speeds of such
cone drum A and gauging roller a will always preserve the same relation to one
another and to that of the standard speed shaft however the actual speed of the
shaft C may vary, as for instance from the slippage of the strap H on the pully I.
consequently the varied relations of the speeds of the feed and delivery mechanism
to that of the gauging roller a, will depend only on the indications and movements
of the thickness gauging device and will not be affected by any slippage of the
strap H on the pulley I. Such slippage may occur when the strap H is very slack
or oily and may be so great as to very much slower or even stop the machine-but
the relation of the speed of the delivery and feed mechanism to that of the gauging
roller a required by the thickness gauging device will be still maintained.
Figure 8 shews another combination of mechanisms arranged according to our
invention.
The speed expressing mechanism is composed of the parts connected with the small
pair of cone drums A. A', whereof the driver cone drum A is fast to and rotates with
the shaft a which shaft is rotated from a suitable part of the machine and its speed
forms the standard relative to which the speeds of the feed or delivery mechanism have
to be varied. The strap forks C. C' are connected to the average thickness gauging
device by the rod D, in such manner that the said device shall control their move-
ments, and thus those of the strap B, and thereby the speed of the driver or variable
cone drum A', which is mounted loosely on the shift S so as to be able to rofafe
thereon, and the parts of the connection are so proportioned that the varied speeds of
rotation of the cone drum A' shall be those required according to the requirements of
the machine.
The speed varying mechanism is composed of the cone drums A2 A³ whereof the
driver cone drum A is fast to and rotates with the shaft a, and by means of the
strap B drives at varied speeds the variable cone drum A³ which said cone drum A³
drives or rotates the feed or delivery mechanism by means of any suitable connection
and either with or without acting through a train of differential gear.
The controlling gear automatically controls the position of the strap B' on the cone
drums A2 A3 and is composed of the differential gear shewn whereof the wheel G is
attached to and rotates with the cone drum A', and the wheel G2 is fast to and rotates
with the cone drum A³ and the wheel G³ is mounted loosely on the shaft S and
carries by means of pins on which they are free to revolve, the wheels G G which
gear with the wheels G and G².
The said wheel G³ is geared through the wheels G and G7 to the screw G" which
varies the position of the strap fork C³ and the said strap fork (is threaded and tapped
to fit the screw G8 and is also supported by the guide C
By the action of such controlling gear, so long as the cone drum A³ is rotated by
the strap B at the same speed as and in the opposite direction to the cone drum A'-
the strap fork (3 will remain stationary: but any change in such relation of their
speeds will cause the wheel G³ to rotate and thereby to shift the strap B¹ on the cone
drums A' A to a position such that the driven cone drum A³ is thereby rotated at a
speed which is the same as the speed of the cone drum A¹, though in opposite direction.
In case the strap is not tight enough or too oily to drive the cone drum A³ at the
speed expressed by the cone drum A' the strap will by the rotation of the wheel G³
be thrown off the ends of the drum A³ and so remain until the attendant remedies
the defect.
Our invention as applied to machines for twisting or winding cotton or other
textile material relates to the class of machines generally known as slubbing intermediate
and roving frames and in applying the combinations of mechanisms which constitute

page_text: our invention to such machines we connect the speed varying mechanism to the
mechanisms of the machine which have to be varied and controlled and we connect
the speed expressing mechanism to the let off gear or star wheel rack motion which
is actuated by the rise and fall off the lifter or bobbin rail. Hitherto in such machines
the said let off gear or rack motion has been to control the position of a strap upon
a pair of large cone drums which directly control and vary the speeds of the
mechanisms to which such cone drums are connected.
Thus the combination of parts arranged according to our invention illustrated in
Fig. 8 and the action of which has been herein before explained as applied to a cotton
opening or clearing machine may be used for such twisting or winding machines
or frames.
Thus of the two cone drums A2 A3 we may connect the cone drum A² to the
twisting and the cone drum A³ to the winding mechanisms of the machines, so as
respectively to rotate therewith in a similar manner and to take the place of the cone
druins as ordinarily used in such machines and we may connect the rod Dattached
to the strap forks C. C' which control the position of the strap B of the speed express-
ing mechanism to the shaft of the let off gear as for instance by a rack attached to or
formed on the end of rod D or by other suitable means in such manner that the varied
speeds automatically expressed by the rotations of the speed expressing cone drum A¹
in accordance with the movements of the let off gear shall be those required and by
the action of the controlling gear upon the strap of the large pair of cone drums A2 A3
the speeds of the cone drum A³ will be made to vary correspondingly and accord
therewith and thus cause the desired relation between the speeds of the twisting and
winding mechanisms.
Or we may use a similar combination of mechanisms to that described and illustrated
with reference to Fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4. Thus that part of the friction speed varying
mechanism which is similar to the wheel R' may be connected to the twisting or winding
mechanism whose speed has to be varied and controlled and the rod K' which
controls the strap fork K and thereby the strap of the speed expressing mechanism
may be connected to the let off gear or rack motion of the machine, in such manner
that the speeds automatically expressed by the rotations of the speed expressing
mechanism shall be those required for the desired relation between the speeds of the
twisting or winding mechanisms and which last mentioned speeds will be automatically
controlled by the action of such speed expressing mechanism upon the speed varying
mechanism.
Likewise a similar combination of pulleys differential gearing and travelling strap
to that described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 6 and 7 can be adapted to the
requirements of such twisting and winding machines.
We do not confine ourselves to the particular mechanisms illustrated as it is the
combinations of mechanisms fulfilling the several functions described which constitute
our invention and not necessarily any particular construction of either of such
mechanisms. For instance instead of the particular speed expressing mechanism
illustrated any other suitable arrangement may be used for instance a roller and
friction disc mechanism wherein a friction roller is automatically moved nearer to or
further from the centre of a rotating disc by the movements of the thickness indicating
device so as thereby to automatically vary the speed of such roller and such mechanism
may be used with or without differential gear as described for the purpose of obtaining
a more varied range of speed and in place of the particular speed varying mechanism
illustrated any other suitable arrangement may be used, such for instance as a friction
disc or series of connected friction discs connected with the feed or delivery mechanism
of the machine or with the twisting or winding mechanism and pressed automatically
by the speed expressing mechanism acting through the agency of a differential
screw and nut or other differential gear or controlling mechanism against another
or driver disc or between a series of driver dises concentrically and parallel with
which disc or dises the first mentioned or driven disc or discs are arranged. The
driver disc or discs being rotated by the motor power at a suitable speed the friction
between the discs will tend to rotate the driven disc or discs and their attached

page_text: mechanism and by the automatic control of the pressure and thereby the friction
between the discs, the speed of the driven disc or discs may be automatically
controlled and varied by the speed expressing mechanism or the friction speed
varying mechanism may be composed of a cylinder kept rotating at a suitable speed
in one direction by the motor power and encircling which cylinder is a coil whereof
the end which by the friction between the coil and the cylinder tends to be wound on
the cylinder, is connected to the mechanisin whose speed has to be varied and the
end of the coil which by the friction tends to be wound off the cylinder is connected to
a part rotated by the speed expressing mechanism in such manner that any difference
between the speeds of rotation of the two ends of the coil will increase or relax
pressure between the winding off end of the coil and the rotating cylinder and thus
increase or decrease the whole friction between such coil and cylinder until the
altered friction is exactly that required to rotate the mechanism attached to and rotated
by the winding on end of the coil at the same speed as the part of the speed expressing
mechanism which is attached to and rotates the winding off end of the coil.
In the cases where the work to be done by the friction speed varying mechanism is
considerable in order to avoid undue heating a circulation of air may be set up, for
instance, by furnishing parts of the surfaces with vanes which act as fans and by
constructing the exterior surfaces with corrugations so as to increase the radiation of
the heat, and by keeping the metallic connections large in area so as to increase the
conduction away of the heat.
In the cases where friction of a travelling strap upon a pulley is used as a speed
varying mechanism the movements of the strap through the air assist in dissipating
the heat.
The combination of differential gearing and friction speed varying mechanism may
be so arranged that the friction of the strap or other controlled friction shall act by
retarding instead of accelerating the motion of one or other of the variable parts of
such differential gear since such combination acts by varying the speeds of the variable
parts of the differential gear relative to one another and to the standard part and this
may be effected in either way. Thus we may either brake power and motion out of
or into, one or other of the variable parts of the gear and so control the action of the
combined whole.
We do not confine ourselves to the particular method shewn as means for controlling
the one speed varying mechanism by the other as this may be done in any suitable
manner. Such as by any differential mechanism in which any difference in speed
between a part actuated and varied by the speed expressing mechanism and a part
actuated and varied by the speed varying mechanism shall cause a differential motion
which is used to vary the action and thus control the speed, of the speed varying
mechanism in such manner as to make the speed of the part actuated and varied
by such speed varying mechanism the same as the speed of the part actuated
and varied by the speed expressing mechanism. This for instance Fig. 9 shews an
arrangement wherein the speed expressing mechanism rotates a nut 1 of which
all endlong movement is prevented by bearings 2 and wherein the speed
varying mechanism rotates a screw 3 on which the nut 1 is threaded. So long
as the screw is rotated at the same speed as the nut there will be no differential
movement, but the movement there is the slightest difference in their rotative
speeds the screw 3 will be moved endways one way or the other and such
movement will continue as long as the relative speeds are different provided the screw
remains in gear with the nut and such endlong movement can be used to vary the
action of the speed varying mechanism by the strap fork 4 or other suitable means.
Or the arrangement shewn in Fig. 10 may be employed in which two screws or worms
gear into the same worm wheel. Thus the worm wheel a is mounted loose on the
pin 6 which is carried by the block C free to slide endways upon the bar d. In gear
with the worm wheel a are the two screws e and f, which are respectively rotated in
opposite directions by the speed varying and speed expressing mechanisms and any
endlong movement of such screws is prevented by bearings 2. So long as the screws
are rotated at equal speeds in opposite directions the block carrying the worm wheel

page_text: remains stationary and any difference in such relation of their speeds will alter the
position of the wheel relatively to the ends of such screws and such alteration in the
position of the wheel may be used to control a strap or other means by which the speed
of the speed varying mechanism used is varied. It will be understood from the fore-
going that by speed expressing mechanism we mean a mechanism which by the varied
rapidity of its rotations or movements thereby expresses varied speeds & not a more
indicating or pointing mechanism.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
First. In machines for opening and cleaning cotton or other textile material the
combination of a thickness gauging mechanism means for expressing various speeds
automatically controlled by the said gauging device, means for varying the speed of
the feed or delivery mechanism of such machines and means for enabling the speed
expressing mechanism to automatically control the speed varying mechanism
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Second. In machines for opening and cleaning cotton or other textile material the
combination of a thickness gauging device, means for expressing varied speeds
automatically controlled by the said gauging device and means for the automatic
control of the friction of a travelling strap or band upon a pulley or pulleys as means
for automatically controlling and varying the speed of the feed or delivery mechanism
of such machines substantially as described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Third. In machines for opening and cleaning cotton or other textile material the
combination of a thickness gauging device, means for expressing varied speeds
automatically controlled by the said gauging device and means for the automatic
control of the speed of the variable cone drum of a cone drum mechanism as a means
for automatically controlling and varying the speeds of the feed or delivery mechanism
substantially as described with reference to Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In machines for opening and cleaning cotton or other textile material the
combination of a thickness gauging device means for expressing varied speeds
automatically controlled by the said gauging device and means for the automatic
control of the friction of the travelling strap or band upon a pulley or pulleys with
differential gear thereto connected as a means for automatically controlling and
varying the speeds of the feed and delivery mechanism substantially as described with
reference to Figures 5, 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the apparatus
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and shown in Figures 1, 2, 3
and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Sixth. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the apparatus
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and shown in Figures 5, 6
and 7 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventh. In machines for twisting or winding cotton or other textile materials and
known as slubbing intermediate or roving frames, the combination of means for
automatically expressing the varied speeds required, means for varying the relative
speeds of the twisting and winding mechanisms of such machines and means for
enabling the automatically controlled speed expressing mechanism to automatically
control the speed varying mechanism substantially as hereinbefore described.
Eighth. In machines for twisting or winding cotton or other textilo materials and
known as slubbing intermediate or roving frames, the combination of means for
automatically expressing the varied speeds required, with means for the automatic
control of the friction of a travelling strap or band upon a pulley or pulleys as a
means for automatically controlling and varying the relative speeds of the twisting
and winding mechanism of such machines substantially as described.
Ninth. In machines for twisting or winding cotton or other textile material, and
known as slubbing intermediate or roving frames, the combination of means for
B

page_text: automatically expressing the varied speeds required with means for the automatic
control of the speed of the variable cone drum of a cone drum mechanism as a means
for automatically controlling and varying the relative speeds of such twisting and
winding mechanism substantially as described with reference to Figure 8 of the
accompanying drawings.
Tenth. In machines for twisting or winding cotton or other textile material and
known as slubbing intermediate or roving frames the combination of means for
automatically expressing the varied speeds required and means for the automatic
control of the friction of a travelling strap or band with differential gear thereto
connected as a means for automatically controlling and varying the relative speeds of
the twisting and winding mechanisms of such machines substantially as hereinbefore
explained.
1
1
10.ו.די
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.