Improvements in Gas or Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 1st Nov., 1892-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by DIE GAS MOTOREN FABRIK DEUTZ, of Köln-
Deutz, Germany, Manufacturers.]
Improvements in Gas or Oil Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows. :-
For regulating the speed of four-stroke-cycle gas and oil motor engines, the
method is employed with advantage of drawing back into the cylinder the hot
combustion gases of the previous explosion by the suction outstroke of the piston
when one or more explosive charges are omitted, or reduced in volume, in consequence
of the engine running too fast, instead of drawing in cold air. By this means the
cylinder is prevented from becoming cooled, and the vaporisation of the liquid
particles, when oil is being used, is facilitated, or the detrimental condensation of
such oil vapour on the cooled sides of the cylinder is prevented.
If the engine is regulated by discontinuing the explosive charges for a time, the
said combustion gases have to be drawn into the cylinder during the entire out-
stroke.
The regulation can however be effected in a more uniform manner, by varying
the volume of the explosive charges introduced, without intercepting them altogether
and thus to a certain extent proportioning the power produced at each stroke to the
power taken off from the engine during such stroke. This is effected according to
the present invention in such a manner that during a certain part of the suction
stroke, the extent of which is regulated by a governor, the hot products of the
previous explosion are drawn into the cylinder, through the discharge valve, after
which on the closing of the discharge valve explosive mixture is drawn in during
the remainder of the suction stroke through the inlet valve of the cylinder. The
charge of the cylinder will consequently he so constituted under these circumstances,
that against the piston there will be situated a variable quantity of hot combustion
gases, while the rear end of the cylinder will be filled with a greater or less quantity
of explosive mixture.
As the charge thus drawn in is always at atmospheric pressure, the degree of
compression of such charge by the following compression stroke will always be
constant, so that notwithstanding the existence of a more or less weak explosive
charge, the reliable ignition thereof will always be insured.
In carrying out the above described method of operating the following arrange-
ments are employed.
The way shaft of the engine, which rotates at half the speed of the crank shaft,
carries firstly a fixed cam that effects the opening of the discharge valve during the
expelling stroke by means of a lever in the ordinary manner; secondly, it carries a
sliding sleeve, rotating therewith, and carrying a cam the leading side of which is
straight but whose following side is formed with an incline or stepped, so that the
cam has a varying length of dwell, and an extension of the discharge-valve lever
carries a roller so placed as to be actuated by such second cam in such manner, that
before the lever is released by the first cam at the end of the expelling stroke, it
commences to be acted upon by the second cam and is thus made to keep the
discharge valve open during a portion of the suction stroke, the duration hereof
being dependent upon the position of the said cam for the time being, that is to say,
according to whether it acts with a longer or shorter dwell upon the lever. The
sliding sleeve furthermore carries another cam that acts upon a lever that actuates
.

page_text: both the inlet valve of the cylinder and that of the combustible gas or oil supply.
This cam has its leading side formed with an incline or is stepped, while its following
side is straight, and it is so placed relatively to the other cam on the sleeve that,
into whatever position this may be brought by the governor, the said third cam will
always commence opening the inlet valve and the gas or oil valve at the moment
when the second cam releases its lever so as to allow the discharge valve to close,
so that, as soon as the introduction of the hot combustion gases into the cylinder
ceases, the introduction of the explosive charge of air and gas or oil vapour
commences, and continues until the end of the suction stroke.
The above described action might also be carried out by placing the first
described main cam for the discharge valve also on the sliding sleeve and forming
it in one with the second cam, thereby dispensing with the extension and second
roller of the discharge valve lever. This arrangement however would have the
disadvantage, that the governor could only regulate the position of the sleeve and
cams during the working and compression strokes, while with the first described
arrangement, such regulation can also be effected during the expelling stroke.
When applying this invention to oil motor engines, the lever operating the inlet
valves may either act on a valve that admits oil spray under pressure into the
vaporizing chamber, or it may be made to actuate the piston or plunger of a small
pump that forces the oil into the spraying nozzle of the vaporizing chamber.
Dated this 11th day of February 1892.
ABEL & IMKAI,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas or Oil Motor Engines.
1, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
For regulating the speed of four-stroke-cycle gas and oil motor engines, the
method is employed with advantage, of drawing back into the cylinder the hot
combustion gases of the previous explosion by the suction outstroke of the piston,
when one or more explosive charges are omitted or reduced in volume in consequence
of the engine running too fast, instead of drawing in cold air. By this means the
cylinder is prevented from becoming cooled, and the vaporisation of the liquid
particles, when oil is being used, is facilitated, or the detrimental condensation of
such oil vapour on the cooled sides of the cylinder is prevented.
If the engine is regulated by discontinuing the explosive charges for a time, the
said combustion gases have to be drawn into the cylinder during the entire out-
stroke. The regulation can however be effected in a more uniform manner, by
varying the volume of the explosive charges introduced, without intercepting them
altogether, and thus to a certain extent proportioning the power produced
at each stroke to the power taken off from the engine during such stroke.
This is effected according to the present invention in such a manner that
during a certain part of the suction stroke, the extent of which is regulated by a
governor, the hot products of the previous explosion are drawn into the cylinder
through the discharge valve, after which, on the closing of the discharge valve,
explosive mixture is drawn in during the remainder of the suction stroke through
the inlet valve of the cylinder. The charge of the cylinder will consequently be
so constituted under these circumstances, that against the piston there will be
situated a variable quantity of hot combustion gases, while the rear end of the
cylinder will be filled with a greater or less quantity of explosive mixture.
As the charge thus drawn in is always at atmospheric pressure, the degree of

page_text: compression of such charge by the following compression stroke will always be
constant, so that, notwithstanding the existence of a more or less reduced explosive
charge, the reliable ignition thereof will always be insured.
In carrying out the above described method of operating, there is combined with.
the ordinary cam on the way shaft that effects the opening of the discharge valve.
during the expelling stroke, a second cam having a variable dwell for acting upon
the discharge valve during a part of the suction stroke, and a third cam, also with.
variable dwell, for acting upon the inlet valve for explosive mixture during the
remaining part of the suction stroke, such second and third cams being so arranged
and controlled by a governor that, according as the speed of the engine rises or
falls above or below the normal, the second named cam is made to hold the discharge-
valve open during a greater or less part of the suction stroke, and the third cam is
made to open the inlet valve at the moment when the second cam allows the
discharge valve to close, and to keep it open till the end of such stroke.
The accompanying drawings shew an arrangement of the valve gear employed.
for this purpose.
Figure 1 shews a side view of the rear end of a gas or oil motor engine.
Figure 2 shews an end view, Figure 2ª a cross section through the vaporising and
explosive chambers.
Figure 3 shews a part plan; Figures 4 and 4ª shew detached details of the
moveable sleeve carrying the variable cams.
Figures 5 and 54 shew a side view and plan of the discharge valve lever.
Figure 6 shews an end view partly in section of a modification of the supply
device and
Figure 7 shews a diagram of a modified form of the cams.
On the way shaft S, which revolves at half the speed of the engine shaft, is fixed'
a sleeve carrying a cam u which acts upon the roller A of a double ended lever G.
the other end of which abuts upon the discharge valve C during the expelling
stroke in the usual manner.
This lever carries, in addition to the roller A, a second roller R, which is acted.
upon during a portion of the suction stroke by a cam v upon a sleeve H that can
slide longitudinally upon, but revolves with the way shaft, which sleeve also carries
another cam w that actuates both the admission valve D of the cylinder and the
gas or oil inlet valve M. The cam is formed with a straight face on its
leading side, and with a sloping face on its following side, as shewn at Figures 1
and 4, and its position on the sleeve is such, that it begins to act on the roller R
of lever G with its straight side at the moment when the roller A of this lever
begins to leave the cam u. By this means the discharge valve C is kept open as.
long as the roller R is acted upon by the cam v. As this cam begins to act upon
the roller at the moment when the working piston commences its suction stroke, it
will be seen that according as the cam acts with a longer or shorter dwell upon the
roller R, due to the sloping form of its following side, the lever G will be made.
to keep the discharge valve open for a longer or shorter time from the commence-
ment of the suction stroke, according as the governor T brings, for the time being,.
a part of the cam with a longer dwell or one with a shorter dwell in the path of
the roller R.
The cam wou the other hand has its leading side formed with an incline, while
the following side is formed straight, and it is placed in such a position upon the
sleeve H that at the moment when the cam ceases to act upon the roller R,.
so as to allow the discharge valve to close, the cam w begins to act upon the roller E
of a lever F that acts both upon the inlet valve D of the engine cylinder and the
inlet valve M for the gas or oil supply, passing in through the pipe O. The
following side of the cam w is straight, and effects the closing of the said valves at
the end of the suction stroke in every position.
From this construction it will be seen that the governor T will determine, for
every degree of power given off by the engine, a position for the sleeve H and cam v

page_text: in which the power produced shall be practically equal to the power taken off, such
adjustment being effected without impairing the efficiency of the engine.
It will be understood that the valves M and D are, in this arrangement, held
closed by springs of sufficient strength to prevent their being opened by atmospheric
pressure when the piston commences its suction stroke. The air supply enters into
the vaporising chamber N through the branch Q and mixes with the gas or
petroleum spray in passing through the chamber N to the inlet valve D.
The cylinder charges produced by the above described mode of operating, being
stratified in the manner hereinbefore set forth, will enable a greater utilisation of
the heat developed by the combustion of the charges to be effected, and will also
ensure a perfect reliableness in the firing of the charges, even for the smallest
combustible charges that may be admitted.
The cams and 10, instead of being made with sloping sides as described, may of
course be made with stepped sides as indicated at Figure 4. Also, the construction
might be somewhat simplified by dispensing with the fixed sleeve carrying the
cam and forming the latter in one with the cam on the moveable sleeve H; as
indicated in the diagram at Figure 7, by which arrangement the roller A' on
lever G would be dispensed with. The arrangement would however have the
disadvantage that in that case the governor could only effect the adjustment of the
sleeve H and its cams during the working and compression strokes, whereas with
the previously described arrangement such adjustment could also be effected during
the expelling stroke.
When the engine is worked by means of petroleum or similar oil, this may either
be supplied at the requisite pressure from an overhead tank through pipe Ŏ, as at
Fig. 2, or, when the liquid has to be supplied from a lower level, the arrangement
shewn at Fig. 6 may be employed, in which, in place of acting on an inlet valve,
the lever F is made to actuate the plunger of a small force pump P which draws in
petroleum at P¹ and expels the same at P whence it passes to the spraying nozzle
in an evaporating and mixing chamber of any suitable known construction com-
municating with the inlet valve D of the cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a four-stroke-cycle gas or oil motor engine, the combination with the
ordinary cam, such as u, for opening the discharge valve during the expelling stroke,
of two cams, such as and w that are controlled by the engine governor, of which
the one cam v, which is formed with a sloping face on its following side so as to
have a variable dwell, is also made to act upon the discharge valve so as to hold it
open for a longer or shorter space of time during the first part of the suction stroke,
while the second cam w, which is formed with a sloping face on the leading side,
acts upon the inlet valve or valves for the explosive charge of the cylinder also
with a variable dwell so as to open this or these as soon as the before mentioned
cam allows the discharge valve to close, and to hold it or them open until the end
of the suction stroke, substantially as described.
2. In the arrangement of regulating mechanism referred to in the preceding
claim, the use in lieu of the oil inlet valve M actuated by the lever F and cam w,
of a pump P of any suitable construction actuated by the lever F, that forces in
oil at the same time that the inlet valve D is opened, substantially as described.
1
ليوم
1
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.