Improvements in Lacquers and Varnishes.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 20th Mar., 1890-Accepted, 26th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lacquers and Varnishes.
We, IVIE MACKIE LAMB of 12 Peter Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Estate Agent, and DAVID BOYDE of 3 George Street Cheetham Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to varnishes and lacquers and these Improvements consist in
the manufacture of the varnish and the lacquer by the solution of suitable resins and
gum-resins in a solvent containing fusel oil."
According to these Improvements the solvent consists of a mixture of fusel oil
with one or more of the following solvents :-Gasolene, petroleum, or shale naphtha,
benzolene, oil of turpentine, camphene, coal-tar naphtha, benzene and its homologues,
and similar hydrocarbons. The fusel oil may, according to the resin or gum-resin
used and according to the quality or property desired in the varnish or lacquer,
constitute from twenty to eighty per cent. of the total solvent.
The resins and the gum-resins which may be used are:-Rosin, colophony, damar,
juniper, sandarac, mastic, thus, copal, and anime. One pound (more or less) of one
or more of these gums may be dissolved in six pounds of the mixed solvents and
there may be added thereto or not, about six ounces (more or less) of one of the
following resins or gum-resins :-Benzoin, shell- or seed-lac, frankinsence.
A varnish or lacquer made as hereinbefore described may be applied to burnished
or polished metallic surfaces without previously warming the metal as is required for
ordinary lacquers, and it will dry with a perfectly brilliant surface.
Dated this 25th day of June A.D. 1889.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lacquers and Varnishes.
We, IVIE MACKIE LAMB of 12 Peter Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
Estate Agent, and DAVID BOYDE of. 3 George Street Broughton Manchester in the
County of Lancaster Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to varnishes and lacquers and these Improvements consist
in the manufacture of the varnish or lacquer by the solution of suitable resins and
resinous substances in a solvent containing'fusel oil.
The solvent which we use for the manufacture of varnishes and lacquers according
to these Improvements consist of a mixture of fusel oil with one or more of the
following volatile hydrocarbon solvents, that is to say with gasoline benzoline or
petroleum naphtha, Scotch or shale naphtha, turpentine spirit, coal-tar naphtha or its
constituents benzol toluol xylol and cumol, or similar hydrocarbons, but we prefer to
employ benzol and its homologues toluol, xylol, and cumol either alone or a mixture
of them particularly in the form of rectified coal-tar naphtha.
The fusel oil is added to the volatile hydrocarbon solvent in the proportion of from
about twenty to about eighty per cent. of the total solvent, the precise proportions being
governed chiefly by the rapidity with which the lacquer or varnish required to
dry. Thus, in the most rapidly drying lacquer or varnish the fusel oil may
LD

page_text: constitute twenty per cent. only of the total solvent and in the slowest drying it
may constitute eighty per cent. The proportions will also vary with the character
of the hydrocarbon used, the proportion being greater with the lighter or more
volatile hydrocarbons such as gasoline and benzol, and less with the less volatile such
as cumol. For average cases, equal parts of the fusel oil and of the bydrocarbon
such as coal-tar naphtha may be advantageously employed.
Any of the resins and resinous substances which are usually employed in the
manufacture of lacquers and varnishes may be employed with the advantage that they
are more perfectly or more quickly brought into solution. Among the inore suitable
of these substances are raw and roasted copal, damar, thus, juniper, mastic, benzoin,
seed-stick- and shell- lacs, rosin and colophony. These are used singly or in
combination according to the result desired and as is well understood by manu-
facturers. The raw copal is readily brought into solution when coal-tar naphtha
is used by the aid of heat which preferably should not exceed that of boiling
water, but when spirit of turpentine is used as a constituent of the solvent, no heat
is required.
In preparing the solvent, the fusel oil should first be added to the hydrocarbon
whereupon if any water be present, the mixture will become cloudy and should be
allowed to rest, when the water will quickly separate and fall to the bottom.
The clear solvent is then decanted or otherwise separated from the water and
may at once be used to dissolve the resin or resinous base of the lacquer or
varnish.
The quantity of the resin or resinous base must be determined in each case by the
manufacturer according to the result desired, and in this determination he may
be safely guided by his ordinary experience. Without limiting ourselves to any
particular mixture or combination, we may give as an example of a good lacquer or
varnish especially applicable for lacquering or varnishing bright metallic surfaces,
glass, and the like articles, the following mixture, it being understood that by "Solvent"
we mean the mixture of fusel oil with the hydrocarbon.
constitute twenty per cent. only of the total solvent and in the slowest drying it
may constitute eighty per cent. The proportions will also vary with the character
of the hydrocarbon used, the proportion being greater with the lighter or more
volatile hydrocarbons such as gasoline and benzol, and less with the less volatile such
as cumol. For average cases, equal parts of the fusel oil and of the bydrocarbon
such as coal-tar naphtha may be advantageously employed.
Any of the resins and resinous substances which are usually employed in the
manufacture of lacquers and varnishes may be employed with the advantage that they
are more perfectly or more quickly brought into solution. Among the inore suitable
of these substances are raw and roasted copal, damar, thus, juniper, mastic, benzoin,
seed-stick- and shell- lacs, rosin and colophony. These are used singly or in
combination according to the result desired and as is well understood by manu-
facturers. The raw copal is readily brought into solution when coal-tar naphtha
is used by the aid of heat which preferably should not exceed that of boiling
water, but when spirit of turpentine is used as a constituent of the solvent, no heat
is required.
In preparing the solvent, the fusel oil should first be added to the hydrocarbon
whereupon if any water be present, the mixture will become cloudy and should be
allowed to rest, when the water will quickly separate and fall to the bottom.
The clear solvent is then decanted or otherwise separated from the water and
may at once be used to dissolve the resin or resinous base of the lacquer or
varnish.
The quantity of the resin or resinous base must be determined in each case by the
manufacturer according to the result desired, and in this determination he may
be safely guided by his ordinary experience." Without limiting ourselves to any
particular mixture or combination, we may give as an example of a good lacquer or
varnish especially applicable for lacquering or varnishing bright metallic surfaces,
glass, and the like articles, the following mixture, it being understood that by "Solvent"
we mean the mixture of fusel oil with the hydrocarbon.
Solvent
Gum Damar
Gum Benzoin
-
6 pounds.
G
1 pound.
-
6 ounces.
For use on paper, wood and similar materials, the lacquer or varnish may contain
about twice the above given quantities of the gums.
When desired, the varnishes and lacquers manufactured according to these
Improvements may be coloured with alkanet root, turmeric, and colouring matters
ordinarily employed in other lacquers, or it may be coloured with many of the
coal-tar colours among the more suitable and useful of which are aniline blue, aurine,
Bismarck brown, fuschine, saffranine, chrysoidine, eosine, methyl violet, Hoffman's
violets, vesuvine, malachite green, phosphine, magenta, roseine, and black.
these colours and with combinations of them almost any desired shade may be
produced. The colouring matter is preferably added to the lacquer or varnish after
the resinous base has been brought into solution.
With
A lacquer or varnish manufactured according to this Invention may be applied to
metallic surfaces or to glass in the cold state and without previously heating the
article to which it is applied as is necessary in the use of ordinary lacquer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
-
(1) In the manufacture of lacquers and varnishes, dissolving the resinous' bases in
a solvent consisting of a mixture of fusel oil with a volatile hydrocarbon such as
gasoline, benzol and its homologues, or turpentine, substantially as hereinbefore
described.

page_text: (2) A solvent for use in the manufacture of lacquers and varnishes, consisting of
a mixture of fusel oil with a volatile hydrocarbon or hydrocarbons such as gasoline
benzol and its homologues, or turpentine, substantially as herein before described.
(3) A varnish or lacquer consisting of a solution of suitable resinous bases in a
solvent composed of a mixture of fusel oil with a volatile hydrocarbon or hydro-
carbons such as gasoline, benzol and its homologues or turpentine, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Dated this 18th day of March A D 1890
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicants