A MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER
Year: 1816

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, ROBERT
CAMERON, junior, of the City of Edinburgh, Paper Maker, sends greeting.
WHEREAS the King's most Excellent Majesty, by Letters Patent under
the Great Seal the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing
date the Twenty-third day of March, in the fifty-sixth year of His reign,
gave and granted unto the said Robert Cameron, his executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, His Majesty's especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that he, the said Robert Cameron, his executors, adminis-
trators, assigns, and every of them, by himself and themselves, or by his or
their deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or such as he, the said Robert
Cameron, his executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter,
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend his Invention of "A MACHINE FOR MANUFACTURING
PAPER," within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, and Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
in such manner as to him, the said Robert Cameron, his executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or any of them, should in his or their discretions seem
meet; in which Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if the said
Robert Cameron should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
his said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six callendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said

page_text: Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted
should utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything therein contained
to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said Robert Cameron doth, by this Instrument
in writing under his hand and seal duly executed, describe and ascertain the
nature of his said Invention, and the method by which the same may be
performed, that is to say, and referring always to the Drawing of the said
machine attached hereto, and subscribed by the said Robert Cameron, as
relative to these presents.
Letter A, Figure First of Plan, denotes shaft of the water wheel, by which
the machine is moved; B, B, wheel to which the power is applied from A;
L, L, a wheel moved by B, B, and communicating motion to M, M; N,
wheel on the axis of M, M, with teetk on its circumference for moving the
chain X, X, by means of the teeth falling into the links of the said chain; 0,
wheel similar to N, but with a plain circumference, moved by the chain; G, a
wheel on the axis of B, B, for turning the couching wheels K, K, by means of
the pinion H, moved by G; E, E, a large cylinder to receive the paper, having
two grooved pulleys, one at each end, for receiving ropes to which the felt is
sewed; these ropes keep the felts tight along the surface of the cylinder;
R and S, small rollers to guide the felts moved by the bracing ropes working
in their pulleys; V, V, and W, W, frames for supporting the rollers a and b,
round which the revolving felts pass; these frames are made to slide in two
pieces e, e, to tighten and slacken the felts, they are kept in their places by pins
put through the holes; here the paper is laid from the felt; Y, a mould
carriage without the mould; n, n, n, the carriage attached to the chain X, X;
0, 0, 0, 0, a frame hung on two pivots within the carriage; to this frame the
mould is attached and slides upon it on friction rollers; this frame turns within
the carriage; p, a cross fitted on the pivot of this frame for the purpose of
turning it; fff, the exterior carriageway on which the outside of the carriages
way is
move; it rests on pillars of a convenient height; the inside part of this a
little elevated to guide the carriages on their course round; h, an obstacle
attached to the exterior way for the purpose of turning the moulds to an
inclined position; by means of one of the arms of the cross p coming in contact
with this obstacle, makes the mould attached to the frame assume an inclined
position; this obstacle is continued till the mould has reached k, against which
the other arm of the cross strikes, and inverts the mould on the felt; the deckle
being attached to the carriage, falls on the bottom of the mould. The felt and
mould pass in contact under the wheels K, K, which, pressing on the mould,
makes the paper adhere to the felt which carries it between the cylinder E, E,

page_text: D
and one below, where the paper receives a pressure between two felts, and is
carried along to V, V, and W, W; Z and E, two moulds placed on their
carriages; r, r, the deckles; s, s, two eyes on the deckle, through which a rod
passes for them to slide on, while the mould is shaking; this rod is fixed on
one side of the carriage; 9, 9, 9, the interior carriageway, on which the inside
of the carriages move; m, m, a bar for sustaining the spindles of the different
wheels; the two ways are formed of semicircles drawn from the same centres,
and joined by equal and parallel straight parts; P, a roller having a groove on
its surface, passing alternately different ways; this roller has a pinion on its
axis turned by a spur wheel on the shaft of the water-wheel A; a lever with a
pin at right angles to it is so placed that the pin falling into the groove on P,
receives an alternate motion; this lever works on a fulcrum made moveable,
so that the degree of shake may be increased or diminished. To the upper
part of this lever the grooved shaker Y, Y, is attached by a rod under the
carriageway, thus 'the alternate motion is communicated to Y, Y; each mould
has a pin in its under side, which falls in its course into the groove Y, Y, and
makes it shake on its frame; 1, an obstacle for returning the mould with its
surface up, it acts similarly to h and k, only the period betwixt the first and
second turn is not delayed betwixt this obstacle and the cylinder E, E; the
mould is washed by a flow of water; B, the chest from which the pulp is
delivered on the mould as it passes under it; b, b, supports for the axle of the
couching wheels.
Figure Second, section of the delivering cistern. The pulp being prepared
in another chest, is made to flow in an equable and regular stream from the
preparing chest through A, and ascending on the opposite side of the divi-
sion B, flows to the moulds through the course C, D, E.
Figure Third. Section A, A, A, A, pillars on which the carriageways rest.
B, B, the wheel to which the power is applied, and by which the cylinders
C, D, are moved; these cylinders are pressed together by means of screws
placed under the axle of C. G, G, a wheel on the axle of B,B, for turning H
on the axis of the wheels K, K. L, L, a wheel to communicate motion
from B, B, to M, M. N, wheel for moving the chain. O, the other chain
wheel, moved by the chain. 9, g, the interior carriageway. m, m, bar for
the spindles of the wheels. ff, exterior carriageway. h, turning obstacle.
h, h, supports for the small rollers R, S, T, U, Y. W, V, sliding frames (see
Figure First). The dotted lines d, d, and e, e, represent the course of the
two felts from the cylinders D and C to the frames V and W; these felts meet
between C and D, where the paper is pressed, and carried between them to
the frame V, where it is laid.
Figure Fourth, transverse section. A, axis of the water wheel. Y, wheel

page_text: on the axis of A for turning B, which moves the cylinders E and F by means
of C and D. G, on the axis of B, for turning the couching wheels K, K, by
means of H.
h, h, h, supports for the spindle of the couching wheels.
a, a, a, a, frames for sustaining axles of the cylinders and water wheel, and
for supporting the ways f. f. g. 9. m, m, pipes for conveying steam to the
interior of the cylinders. 1, 1, pipes for returning the condensed steam to
the boiler. X, X, way for the chain. S, S, spur wheel for driving shaking
roller (see P, Figure First).
Figure Fifth, couching apparatus; this acts similarly to that described in
Figure First. In place of revolving felts, it consists of a number of boards
equal to the number of carriages that move on the machine; these boards,
5, 6, 7, and so on, are attached by their centres to two equal and parallel chains,
which are moved by natched wheels in the situation of the pulleys attached
to the cylinders E, E, (see Figure First). 15, natched wheel. 1, 2, 3, 4, pulleys
for guiding chain. 16 and 17, pressing cylinders." The paper is received in
the situation of boards 5 and 6, and is carried along to 12, where it is laid.
13 and 14 are represented as ascending to meet their respective inverted
moulds; each board has a felt attached to its surface.
Process of manufacture:-The pulp being prepared in the common manner,
is conveyed to a reservoir and kept constantly moved by agitators; from
hence it is conveyed to a smaller chest in any required quantity through a
pipe; in this chest it is mixed with water, to answer the description of paper
to be made, and from this chest the pulp flows in uniform quantity to a
delivering cistern, through a tube constructed in the form of a common vat
sinker; a floating ball is attached to the upper orifice of this tube, which
kceps it always at the same distance from the surface of liquid, and prevents
the variations that might occur from an increased or diminished column of
liquid, thus an equable supply of prepared pulp flows constantly into the
delivering cistern, and from it to the moulds as they pass beneath; the pulp,
which falls between the moulds, is conveyed through an Archimedes's screw
back to the preparing chest; the moulds in their course receive a charge of
pulp; while this is performing, they shake, by means of a pin coming into a
shaking groove attached to the machine; this motion separates the water
from the pulp, and makes it acquire a connected texture; when the moulds
cease to shake they assume an inclined position, and the deckles attached to
the carriages are by this motion removed from the moulds, which permits the
water to escape; in this position they pass on till they have reached the
couching apparatus; they are now inverted, either on the revolving felts or
boards, to which the paper is made to adhere, and is conveyed betwixt the
cylinders, where it is pressed and dried by steam. The moulds having depo- 4

page_text: sited the paper, pass under a stream of water which washes the wires; they
now regain their first position and receive their deckles, then pass to receive
another charge of pulp.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Cameron, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
ROBERT CAMERON, Jun'. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered (being
first duly stamped) in the presence