IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OR MANUFACTURE OF VILS FROM ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Irvine, of Magdalene Chemical Works, Mus-
selburgh, Thomas Richardson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and John James
Lundy, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, for the Invention of
LETTERS PATENT to Robert Irvine, of Magdalene Chemical Works, Mus-
selburgh, Thomas Richardson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and John James
Lundy, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OR MANUFACTURE OF VILS FROM ANIMAL
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 10th May 1864, and dated the 21st January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Irvine, Thomas
Richardson, and John James Lundy at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st January 1864.
We, ROBERT IRVINE, of Magdalene Chemical Works, Musselburgh, THOMAS
RICHARDSON, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and JOHN JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in
the County of Mid Lothian, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRACTION OR MANUFACTURE OF OILS FROM ANIMAL
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the application of any of the liquid substances
known as eupion and benzole and of the napthas obtained by the distillation
of coal, bituminous shales, asphaltum, Rangoon or other petroleums, or any of

page_text: the liquid substances commercially known as turpentine substitute, or of the
application of spirits of turpentine, or of any mixture of turpentine substitutes
and spirits of turpentine, or of any naptha or spirit distilled from these sub-
stances, to the extraction of the oils contained in any oil animal substance;
for example, fish, the carcases of animals, bones, wool in the fleece or manu-
factured, and refuse animal matters.
The animal matters are placed in iron or other vessels, which are better if
capable of being made air-tight, and the solvent or solvents are allowed to
remain in contact with these matters until all or nearly all the oil is dissolved.
The solution is drawn off, and if necessary a fresh quantity of the solvent is
added, and this is repeated until all the oil is removed. The solvent Jeft
mechanically mixed with the animal matters is recovered by the application of
heat. The oil extracted by the means aforesaid may either be used in com-
bination with the solvent or solvents employed without distillation, or the
compound may be distilled so as to obtain the oil free from the solvent or
solvents.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Irvine, Thomas Richardson, and John James Lundy
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
IRVINE, of Magdalen Chemical Works, Musselburgh, THOMAS RICHARDSON,
of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and JOHN JAMES LUNDY, of Leith, in the County of
Mid Lothian, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Robert Irvine, Thomas Richardson, and John James Lundy,
Her special license that we, the said Robert Irvine, Thomas Richardson, and
John James Lundy, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said Robert Irvine, Thomas Richardson, and John James Lundy,
our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel:
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EXTRAC-
TION OR MANUFACTURE OF OLLS FROM ANIMAL SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Robert Irvine, Thomas Richardson, and
John James Lundy, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in:
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Irvine, Thomas Richardson,
and John James Lundy, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
Our said Invention consists in the application of any of the liquid substances
known as eupion and benzole and of the naphthas obtained by the distillation
of coal, bituminous shales, asphaltum, Rangoon or other petroleums, or any of
the liquid substances commercially known as turpentine substitutes, or in the
application of spirits of turpentine, or of any mixture of turpentine substitutes
and spirits of turpentine, or of any naphtha or spirit distilled from these sub-
stances, to the extraction of the oils contained in any animal substance; as,
for example, fish, the carcases of animals, bones, wool in the fleece or manu->
factured, and refuse animal matters.
The animal matters are placed in iron or other vessels, which are better if
capable of being made air-tight, and the solvent or solvents are allowed to
remain in contact with these matters until all or nearly all the oil is dissolved.
The solution is drawn off, and if necessary a fresh quantity of the solvent is.
added, and this is repeated until all the oil is removed. The solvent left
mechanically mixed with the animal matters is recovered by the application of >
heat. The oil extracted by the means aforesaid may either be used in com- .
bination with the solvent or solvents employed without distillation, or the
compound may be distilled so as to obtain the oil free from the solvent or.
solvents.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we shall now
proceed more particularly to deseribe the manner in which the same. may be
used or carried into effect.
We introduce the animal substances to be operated upon into one or a

page_text: series of vessels capable of being closed or sealed so as to prevent the evapora-
tion of the solvent or solvents employed, and these vessels we call extractors.
The solvent or solvents, either in a cold or warm state, are then run into the
same vessel or vessels and dissolve out or extract the oil by solution from the
animal substances or materials operated upon. The solvent or solvents con-
taining the oil or oils in solution are then run off into a separate vessel or
closed receiver and a fresh portion of the solvent or solvents employed is run
into the extractors.
may
The second application of the solvent or solvents is generally suffi-
cient to complete the extraction of the oil from the animal substances
operated upon, but if necessary further applications of the solvent or sol-
vents may be made until the oil is wholly extracted from the animal
substances under treatment. The residue remaining in the extractor may be
then heated by means of steam to expel the solvents in a state of vapour
from the residue or animal substances, such vapour being condensed with
the steam introduced and the solvent separated so as to be again used for
operating upon fresh portions of the animal substances. In order to facilitate
the operation the animal substances to be operated upon and the solvent:
be either or both of them warmed previous to or during their use. In order
to separate the oil contained in solution from the solvent the solvents con-
taining the oil in solution may be heated in a separate vessel by means of
steam introduced through coils of pipes, which, by heating the mixed solution
of solvents and fixed oils, drive off the volatile hydrocarbons or solvents,
which being caused to pass through a coil of pipes surrounded with cold water,
are condensed and may again be used for the purpose of treating fresh portions
of animal substances, so that the original solvent in this process may be used
with only slight loss for repeated operations. We desire it to be understood
that we do not claim as novel any part of the apparatus above described, and
we are aware that other apparatus of a well-known nature may be usefully
employed for the purposes of this Invention, but we have described the above
as having been found practically efficient.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the mode of extracting the oils
contained in animal substances by means of the solvent properties of the
volatile liquids herein-before mentioned, and the recovery of the solvents by

page_text: subsequent distillation for further use, substantially in manner herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Richardson, on behalf of myself
and the said Robert Irvine and John James Lundy, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four.
THOMAS RICHARDSON. (L.S.)