IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Bateman, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 2nd December 1864, and dated the 3rd October 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Bateman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the 3rd
October 1864.
I, SAMUEL BATEMAN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to a new system of brake for railway carriages.
Many means have been hitherto employed to lessen the speed for stopping a
train, and thereby to prevent accidents, but they have however proved
failures. The segment, for instance, has been generally proposed, and being
placed under the wheels transforms the action of the wheels from a rotative to.
a sliding motion, but it cannot overcome friction. The double block also
being fastened to the sides of the wheels is in reality but the segment system,
having like it the friction to overcome. All the other brakes are based on
similar principles.
My Invention consists in throwing the pressure in a continuous manner on
the peripheries of plain wheels attached to the running wheels, by which I
obtain a sliding rotative motion instead of the ordinary sliding motion on the.

page_text: surface of the rails. For this purpose on the same axis and on the external
or internal sides of the running wheels of a railway carriage are cast two
plain wheels, between the axes of two pair of wheels another axis carrying at
-each-extremity a similar wheel is set ; I call these latter intermediate wheels.
The axis of the intermediate wheels is, when free, more elevated-than-the-
axes of the running wheels, which alone bear on the rails. On the middle of
the intermediate axis is fixed a vertical shaft receiving, when required,
pressure from a lever- provided with a cam.or from a screw. One end of a
spring is maintained on the upper part of the vertical shaft and under the
cam of the lever, and serves to keep the axis of the intermediate wheels in a
more elevated position than the axes of the running wheels. When it is
necessary to lessen the speed or to stop a train running with full steam, the
aforesaid lever is pressed, which then presses down the vertical shaft of the
axis of the two intermediate wheels, the peripheries of which are thus
brought to bear on the peripheries of the four additional wheels of the four
running wheels. The rotative motion of the working wheels is gradually
lessened according to the force of the pressure the peripheries of the
additional wheels receive from the intermediate wheels, with which they turn
in a contrary direction.
It will be easily seen that the greater the pressure that the intermediate
wheels receive from the lever, the deeper they will enter between 'the peri-
pheries of the additional .wheels which form part of the running wheels. It
thus follows that the rotative movement of the running wheels being prevented
by the two wheels set on their axis, the train is effectually stopped without
any sudden and violent jerks, thereby preventing all accidents. I obtain the
same result by having the additional and intermediate wheels cogged instead
of plain as above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,' filed
by the said Samuel Bateman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
BATEMAN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date. the. Third, day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight. hundred. and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign; did; for Herself, Her, heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, t the
"

page_text: said Samuel Bateman, Her special license that I, the said Samuel Bateman, my
executors, administrators, and assigns,--or such others as, I, the said Samuel
Bateman, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR
RAILWAY CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Samuel Bateman, my, executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in
what manner the same was to. be performed,, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Bateman, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being. had to the. Drawing hereunto annexed, and to
the figures and letters marked-thereon; that is to say:..
My Invention relates to a new system of brake for railway carriages.
Many means have been hitherto employed to lessen the speed for stopping a
train and thereby to prevent accidents, but they have however, proved failures.
The segment, for instance, has been generally proposed, and being placed
under the wheels transforms the action of the wheels from a rotative to
a. sliding motion, but it cannot overcome friction.. The double block also
being fastened to the sides of the wheels is in reality but the segment system,
having like it the friction to overcome. All the other brakes are based on
similar principles.
My Invention consists in throwing the pressure in a continuous manner on
the peripheries of plain or cog wheels attached to the running wheels, as well
as on the rails, by which means I obtain a sliding rotative motion instead of
the ordinary sliding motion on the surface of the rails. For this purpose on
the same axis and on the external or inner sides of the running wheels of a
railway carriage are cast two plain wheels, between, the axes of two pair of
wheels another axis carrying at each extremity a similar wheel is set; I
call these intermediate wheels. The axis of the intermediate wheels is, when
free, more elevated than the axes of the running wheels. On each end of the
intermediate axis is fixed a vertical shaft receiving the required pressure
either from a lever provided with a cam or from a screw. One end of a

page_text: spring is maintained on the upper part of the vertical shaft and under the
cam of the lever, and serves to keep the axis of the intermediate wheels in a
more elevated position than the axis of the running wheels. When it is
-necessary to lessen the speed or to stop a train running with full steam the
aforesaid lever is pressed, which then presses down the vertical shaft of the
axis of the two intermediate or plain wheels, the peripheries of which are
thus brought to bear on the peripheries of the four additional wheels, of. the
four running wheels, as well as upon the rails. The rotative motion of theso.
working wheels is gradually lessened according to the force of the pressure
the peripheries of the additional wheels receive from the intermediate wheels
with which they turn in a contrary direction.
It will be easily seen that the greater the pressure that the intermediate.
wheels receive from the lever, the deeper they will enter between the peri-
pheries of the additional wheels, which form part of the running wheels. It thus
follows that the rotative movement of the running wheels being prevented by
the two wheels set on their axes the train is effectually stopped without any
sudden and violent jerks, thereby preventing accidents.
But to enable my Invention to be more fully understood, I will proceed to
describe the same, reference being had to the annexed Drawing, in which
the same letters of reference marked on the Figures indicate parts which are
similar.
Figures 1 and 2 are sectional elevations of the frame of a railway carriage.
with brake mechanism attached. In these Figures A, A, represent two
my
plain wheels cast with and, on the same axis o as the two working wheels
E, E, which latter alone touch on the rail. Another axis B is placed between
the axes of the wheels E, E, which, when free, more elevated than the axes
of the wheels A, A. It carries at each of its extremities a plain wheel C, C;
called an intermediate wheel, and the periphery of which is brought to bear.
on the peripheries of the wheels A, A, when it is required to stop the train.
For this purpose a vertical shaft M is fixed on the middle of the axis B of
the intermediate wheel C, C; one end of a spring L'is maintained between.
the upper part of the vertical shaft M and the cam G of the lever D; the:
other end of the said spring L is fixed on the frame F, F, of the carriage,
and the object of this spring is to keep the axis B in a more elevated position.
than the axis of the wheel A, A; D is the lever which being pressed causes.
the shaft M to force down the axis B of the intermediate plain wheels C, C,
by which means the peripheries of the latter are brought to bear against the
peripheries of the wheels A, A, with which they turn in a contrary direction..
It therefore naturally follows that the said wheels A, A, set on the axis of the

page_text: wheels E, E, being prevented from turning by the pressure on the peripheries
of those of the wheels C, C, will prevent the working wheels E, E, moving
on the rails, and thus stop the train without jerks, and avoid danger. I
obtain the same result if instead of the plain wheels A, A, and C, C, I sub-
stitute cog wheels on the axes O and B, as represented in side elevation in
Figure 3 and in plan in Figure 4, in which the wheel c, c, being lowered as
before described by the lever D, cogs with the cog wheels A, A, and the
greater the pressure of the lever D the deeper will be the cogging of the
wheels.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein laid down so long as the peculiar
character of my Invention be retained; but what I claim is, the throwing the
pressure in a continuous manner on the peripheries of plain or cog wheels
attached to the running wheels, by which I obtain a sliding rotative motion
instead of the ordinary sliding motion on the surface of the rails.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Bateman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
ALF. MATTHYNEW.
SAMUEL BATEMAN. (L.s.)