IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Hiram Waite, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
Machinist, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY.":"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hiram Waite at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th May 1880.
HIRAM WAITE, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Machinist.
MENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY."
"
'IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to machinery employed in the manufacture of screw bolts
and other screwed rods and articles, and commonly called screwing machinery;
aud my said Invention consists of the improvements herein after described, whereby
the said machinery is made to a considerable extent automatic.
The screwing mandril or screwing die and the other parts of the machino are
essentially of the ordinary kind, but I make the additions and modifications
herein after described, whereby the reversal of the motion of the screwing mandril
or die is effected automatically after the screwing of the bolt or article has been
effected, and the said bolt or article delivered from the screwing mandril or die
without the aid of the attendant. On the axis of the driving pulley I place a
tumbling or oscillating quadrant, capable of oscillating freely on the said axis
through a small angle. This quadrant carries two toothed wheels equi-distant
from the centre on which the quadrant turns. The said toothed wheels are geared
together. A pinion on the driving spindle gears with one of these toothed wheels
and communicates the motion of the driving shaft to them; the said toothed wheels
being geared together rotate in opposite directions. The said tumbling quadrant
is situated immediately under a toothed wheel on the axis of the screwing mandril.
When the tumbling mandril is turned on one side it brings one of the toothed
wheels, carried by it into gear with the wheel on the axis of the mandril, and
when it is turned to the other side the other of the wheels carried by it gears with
the wheel on the axis of the mandril and reverses the motion of the mandril. In
order to give to the tumbling quadrant at the required times the positions required
to give the motion to the screwing mandril proper for cutting the screw thread
upon it, and on the completion of the screwing to reverse the motion of the
mandril and thereby deliver the screw from the mandril, I employ the following
roma 01

page_text: mechanism-Two nearly horizontal levers, working in a vertical plane, turn
upon centres in the frame of the machine. These levers are situated one above the
other, the short arm of the upper one being situated over the top of the tumbling
quadrant, and the short arm of the other under a projection on the face of the
quadrant. The long arms of these levers terminate in anti-friction rollers, and
within range of the motion of two inclines on the side of the slide carrying the
chuck in which the bolt or article to be screwed is fixed. One of these inclines
(which is adjustable to suit different lengths of screws to be made) is fixed at the
top and at the front end of the slide and passes under the roller, on the top lever,
and lifts the said lever when the slide has nearly completed its retiring motion.
The other incline is situated at the rear end of the slide and near its lower edge.
This incline passes over the rollor of the bottom lever as the slide completes its
advance motion.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The bolt or article to be screwed is
fixed in the chuck on the slide, the slide is moved forward by means of a handle
so as to bring the end of the bolt to be screwed into the mouth of the screwing
mandril. The screwing mandril being in gear with the toothed wheel on the
tumbling quadrant gives the motion proper for cutting the screw, the end of the
bolt is seized by the rotating screwing mandril and drawn into it, the screw being
thereby cut on it. The advancing bolt draws the slide (to the chuck on which it
is fixed) along with it, and as the completion of the screwing is effected the lower
incline on the slide is brought over and depresses the long arm of the lower lever.
The short arm of the said lever bearing against the underside of the projection on
the face of the tumbling quadrant, thereby lifting the said quadrant and causing
it to move through the angle necessary to ungear the one of its wheels which had
been geared to the axis of the mandril, and to bring the other of its wheels in gear
therewith. The motion of the mandril is thereby changed, and the screwed bolt
is unscrewed and delivered from the mandril. This unscrewing of the bolt
produces the back motion of the slide, thereby removing the lower incline from off
the roller on the end of the lower lever, and as the slide comes to the end of its
motion brings the incline under the roller on the end of the top lever. The raising
of the roller arm of this lever causes the descent of the short arm bearing on the
top of the tumbling quadrant and changes the position of the quadrant, thereby
reversing the motion of the screwing mandril, which is thus made ready for the
reception and screwing of another bolt or article, and a repetition of the action
described.
The gearing mechanism may be modified in the following manner:-)
-The
tumbling quadrant is so weighted that when at liberty to move it takes the
position proper for unscrewing the screwed bolt from the screwing mandril. When
the article to be screwed has been fixed in the chuck on the slide the position of
the quadrant is changed by the action of a lever operated upon by the attendant,
and when the quadrant is in this, the screwing position, it is temporarily fixed by
a. spring bolt. As the screwing is completed a projection on the slide strikos
against a lever connected with the spring bolt, thereby withdrawing the spring
bolt and allowing the quadrant to fall into its unscrewing position.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Hiram Waite in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st November
1880.
HIRAM WAITE, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Machinist. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCREWING MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to machinery employed in the manufacture of screw bolts
and other screwed rods and articles, and commonly called screwing machinery; and
my said Invention consists of the improvements herein after described, whereby
the said machinery is made to a considerable extent automatic.
The screwing mandril or screwing die and the other parts of the machine are
essentially of the ordinary kind, but I make the additions aud modifications
berein after described, whereby the reversal of the motion of the screwing mandril
or die is effected automatically after the screwing of the bolt or article has been
effected, and the said bolt or article delivered from the screwing mandril or die
without the aid of the attendant.
On the axis of the driving pulley I place a tumbling or oscillating quadrant
capable of oscillating freely on the said axis through a small angle. This quadrant
carries two toothed wheels equi-distant from the centre on which the quadrant
turns. The said toothed wheels are geared together. A pinion on the driving
spindlo gears with one of these toothed wheels and communicates the motion of
the driving shaft to them; the said toothed wheels being geared together rotate
in opposite directions. The said tumbling quadrant is situated immediately under
a toothed wheel on the axis of the screwing mandril. When the tumbling
quadrant is turned on one side it brings one of the toothed wheels carried by it
into gear with the wheel on the axis of the mandril, and when it is turned to the
other side the other of the wheels carried by it gears with the wheel on the axis
of the screwing mandril and reverses the motion of the said mandril.
In order to give to the tumbling quadrant at the required times the positions
required to give the motion to the screwing mandril proper for cutting the screw
thread upon the bolt, and on the completion of the screwing to reverse the motion
of the mandril and thereby deliver the screw from the mandril I employ the
following mechanism :-Two nearly horizontal levers working in a vertical plane
turn upon centres in the frame of the machine. These levers are situated one above
the other, the short arm of the upper one being situated over the top of the
tumbling quadrant, and the short arm of the other under a projection on the face
of the quadrant. The long arms of these levers terminate in anti-friction rollers
and within range of the motion of 'two inclines on the side of the slide carrying
the chuck in which the bolt or article to be screwed is fixed. One of these inclines
(which is adjustable to suit different lengths of screws to be made) is fixed at the
top and at the front end of the slide and passes under the roller on the top lever,
and lifts the said lever when the slide has nearly completed its retiring motion.
The other incline is situated at the rear end of the slide and near its lower edge.
This incline passes over the roller of 'the bottom lever as the slide complètes its
advance motion.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The bolt or article to be screwed
is fixed in the chuck on the slide; the slide is moved forward by means of a handle
so as to bring the end of the bolt to be screwed into the mouth of the screwing
mandril. The screwing mandril being in gear with the toothed wheel on the
tumbling quadrant gives the motion proper for cutting the screw; the end of the
bolt is seized by the rotating screwing mandril and drawn into it, 'the screw being
thereby cut on it. The advancing bolt draws the slide (to the chuck on which it
is fixed) along with it, and as the completion of the screwing is effected the lower

page_text: incline on the slide is brought over and depresses the long arm of the lower lever.
The short arm of the said lever bearing against the underside of the projection on
the face of the tumbling quadrant lifts the said quadrant, thereby throwing it out
of gear with the screwing mandril, and a spring continuing the motion of the
tumbling quadrant gears it in its changed position with the screwing mandril.
The motion of the mandril is thereby changed, and the screwed bolt is unscrewed and
delivered from the mandril. This unscrewing of the bolt produces the back motion
of the slide, thereby removing the lower incline from off the roller on the end of the
lower lever, and as the slide comes to the end. of its notion brings the incline
under the roller on the end of the top lever. The raising of the roller arm of this
lever.causes the descent of the short arm bearing on the top of the tumbling
quadrant and changes the position of the quadrant, thereby reversing the motion
of the screwing maudril which is thus made ready for the reception and screwing
of another bolt or article, and a'repetition of the action described.
The gearing mechanism may be modified in the following manner:-The
tumbling quadrant is so weighted that when at liberty to move it takes the position
When the
proper for unscrewing the screwed bolt from the screwing mandril.
article to be screwed has been fixed in the chuck on the slide the position of the
quadrant is changed by the action of a lever operated upon by the attendant, and
when the quadrant is in this the screwing position it is temporarily fixed by a
spring bolt.
As the screwing is completed a projection on the slide strikes against
a lever connected with the spring bolt, thereby withdrawing the spring bolt and
allowing the quadrant to fall into its unscrewing position.
I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings,
the manner in which my Invention is to be performed.
Figure represents in vertical longitudinal section screwing machinery
constructed according to my Invention; Figure 2 represents a side elevation of the
same; Figure 3 represents a cross section of the same taken through the line A,
Figure 1 and Figure 4 represents an end elevation of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
a is the driving pulley, and b the axis of the said pulley; c is the tumbling or
oscillating quadrant oscillating freely on the axis of the pulley a, the motion of
the said quadrant being limited by the stops d, d; e, f, are toothed wheels carried
by the quadrant c, the said toothed wheels being geared together as represented.
The wheel receives motion from the driving shaft through the pinion g on the
said driving shaft. The tumbling quadrant c and toothed wheels e, f, are situated
immediately under the toothed wheel h on the axis of the screwing mandril i.
When the tumbling quadrant is turned on one side it brings one of the toothed
wheels e or f into gear with the wheel h, and when the said tumbling quadrant is
turned on the other side it brings the other of the wheels c or f into gear with the
wheel h, the direction of the motion of the wheel h being different according as one
or other of the wheels e, f, is in gear with it. In Figure 3 both the wheels e
and fare shown out of gear with the wheel h, the tumbling quadrant e being
represented in the middle or neutral position, and the toothed wheel h and screwing
mandril being consequently at rest.
In order to give the tumbling quadrant c the respective positions necessary to
effect the screwing and unscrewing of a bolt, two nearly horizontal levers k and
are employed (best seen in Figure 1). These levers turn upon centres k², 12, on
the frame of the machine, the lever k being immediately over the lever L. The
short arm of the lever bears on the top of the tumbling quadrant cas
seen in Figures 1 and 3, and the short arm 1 of the lever. 7 bears against the
underside of a projection m on the face of the tumbling quadrant c.
long arms of the levers, terminate in anti-friction rollers, ; n is the slide
of the machine carrying the chuck or holder p in which the bolt q to be screwed
is fixed by its head to the said slide. In order to effect the screwing of the bolt
its end is made to engage, in the manner herein after described, with the screwing
mandril i, the toothed wheel h being in gear with the toothed wheel f on the
The

page_text: tumbling quadrant, and having motion in the direction indicated by the arrow
near the wheel h, in Figure 3. By the rotation of the screwing mandril i the bolt q
is slowly drawn into the mandril i, and a screw thread cut upon it. The advance
of the bolt into the mandril i causes the advance of the slide n, and by the time
the bolt q has advanced into the screwing nandril i sufficiently far to have cut
upon it a screw thread of the required length, the incline r on the lower part of
the slide n is brought over the roller * of the lever 1, which lover during the
formation of the screw is in its raised position, and not in the depressed position
represented in Figure 1. The action of the incliner upon the roller on the raised
long arm of the lever is to depress the said roller and long arm of the lever 1,
and consequently to raise the short arm 13 of the said lever. The said arm 73 of the
lever acting on the projection m raises that end of the tumbling or oscillating
quadrant c, at which the projection m is situated; thereby throwing the toothed
wheel fout of gear with the wheel h, and bringing the said tumbling quadrant
into the position represented in Figure 3; the coiled spring c² now comes into
operation, and carries the tumbling quadrant into the position which gears the
wheel e with the wheel h, the motion of the wheel h and screwing mandril i is
thereby reversed, and the screw bolt q is unscrewed from the screwing mandril i;
this unscrewing of the bolt q forces back the slide n, and as the said slide approaches
the end of its backward stroke the incline 8 on the upper part of the slide n lifts
the roller on the long arm of the lever k, depressing the short arm of the said
lever, and the end of the oscillating or tumbling quadrant c on which it bears,
thereby throwing the wheel e out of gear with the wheel h, and bringing the
screwing mandril i to rest; the several parts of the machine now occupying the
respective positions represented in Figures 1 and 3. The screwed bolt q is lifted
from the chuck or holder p, and a bolt blank is placed therein. The attendant
now draws back the handle t so as to raise still further the roller ³, and depress
the end m² of the oscillating or tumbling quadrant c, and thereby to bring the
wheel into gear with the wheel h. When the oscillating or tumbling quadrant c
takes the last described position it is temporarily fixed in that position by means
of a spring bolt u, which being pressed by its spring against the face of the
tumbling quadrant c takes into the hole in the said quadrant, and fixes it in that
position. The attendant now pushes the handle t forward, so as to make the end
of the screw blank engage in the end of the screwing mandril i, the bolting of the
oscillating quadrant by the bolt u preventing the toothed wheels going out of gear
during the seizing of the end of the blank by the screwing mandril. As soon as
the screwing mandril has seized the end of the blank, and commenced to draw it
into the said mandril, the bolting of the oscillating quadrant is no longer necessary,
and the spring bolt u is withdrawn preparatory to the action of the incline by
the advance of the slide n, the lower angle n² of which pressing upon the top of
the lever w (Figure 1) effects the withdrawal of the spring bolt, and keeps it in
its withdrawn position until the slide has resumed the position represented in
Figure 1.
I will now briefly recapitulate the action of the several parts of the machine.
8
The said parts being in the position represented in Figures 1 and 3 the attendant
drops into the chuck or holder p the head of the bolt blank to be.screwed, and
draws towards him in the direction of the arrow x, Figure 1, the handle t. The
incline s lifts the long arm of the lever k, and depressing the short arm k³ causes
the toothed wheel fon the tumbling quadrant c to engage with and set in motion
the toothed wheel h, and with it the mandril i, in a direction proper to cut a screw
on the blank, the spring bolt u at the same time shooting into the hole ข. and
fixing the oscillating or tumbling quadrant c and parts carried by it. The attendant
now pushes the handle t in the direction contrary to that indicated by the arrow x,
Figure 1, and thereby brings the end of the bolt blank into contact with the
screwing mandril i, the bolt blank being seized by the said mandril the rotation of
the said mandril draws the bolt biank into it, and cuts a screw thread thereon, the

page_text: slide n being drawn forward by the bolt 7 being screwed the part n³ of the said
slide travelling over the lever w withdraws the spring bolt u, and unlocks the
oscillating or tumbling quadrant c. When the bolt q being screwed has advanced
to its full extent into the screwing mandril i the incline 7, acting upon the roller
of the lever 1, depresses its long arm, and raises its short arm . This arm ³ acting
on the projection m raises the end m² of the oscillating quadrant o, thereby throwing
the wheel out of gear with the wheel h, the spring bringing the wheel e into
gear with the wheel h. The reverse motion thus communicated to the screwing
mandril causes the screwed bolt q to retire from the screwing mandril and push
back the slide n into the position represented in Figure 1. The inclines acting on
the roller of the lever depresses the end of the said lever, and bringing the
wheels e, f, into the positions represented in Figure 3, the screwing mandril ¿ is
brought to rest, and the screwed bolt being removed from the chuck, the operations
herein before described are repeated.
The incline 8 is capable of adjustment on the slide n so as to accommodate the
machine to the making of screw threads on a greater or less length of the bolt
blank.
The gearing mechanism of the screwing machinery may be modified in the way
represented in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Drawings, Figure 5 being a longitudinal
section of the modified machinery, Figure 6 a side elevation, Figure 7 a vertical
transverse section through the line B, Figure 5, and Figure 8 an end elevation of
the same. 1 is the tumbling quadrant carrying the toothed wheels 2 and 3, with
the latter of which a toothed wheel 4 on the driving shaft gears; 5 is a toothed
wheel on the shaft of the screwing mandril 6; 7 is a weight hung on one side of
the tumbling quadrant, by the action of which weight when the said quadrant is
at liberty to move, the side to which the said weight is attached descends, and the
wheel 2 is thrown out of gear with the wheel 5 and the wheel 3 brought into gear
with the wheel 5.
The attendant operates the machine by means of the handle 8. This handle is
connected to the shaft 10 carrying the bovil wheel 11 by a key on the shaft taking
into a slot or key way in the boss of the handle 8 (see Figure 6), the said key way
being so much wider than the key as to allow of the handle oscillating through an
angle of about 40 degrees without acting on the key, and consequently without
giving motion to the bevil wheel 11. The bevil wheel 11 gears with the bevil
wheel 12 on the axis 13, to which axis the tumbling or oscillating quadrant 1 is
fixed. By the attendant pulling the handle 8 towards him sufficiently far, the bevil
gearing 11, 12, is turned through a small angle, and the axis 13 and tumbling
quadrant 1 are moved through a like angle into the position represented in Figure 7.
The motion thereby given to the wheel 5 is suitable for cutting a screw thread on
a blank. When the quadrant reaches the position last described it is locked by the
spring bolt 14, as represented in Figure 7. The parts of the machine being in the
positions represented in Figures 5 and 6, and a blank having been introduced into
the holder 15, the handle 8 is pushed forward so as to bring the end of the blank
against the screwing mandril C. The blank being seized by the mandril the screwing
of the said blank is effected. When the blank has advanced to the requisite
distance into the screwing mandril the projection 15ª on the underside of the
slide 16 comes against the end of the lever 17 (see Figure 8), and by causing the
said lever to turn upon its centre 18 withdraws the spring bolt 14 (with which
the said lever is connected) from under the quadrant 1. The weight 7 now
reverses the position of the quadrant 1, throwing the wheel 2 out of gear with the
wheel 5 and bringing the wheel 3 into gear with the wheel 5, and thus reversing
the motion of the screwing mandril, causes the screwed bolt to retire from the said
screwing mandril. The parts are now in the positions represented in Figure 5,'and
the screwed bolt being removed from its chuck or holder 15 another blank to be
screwed is introduced into the said holder and the operations described are repeated.
The forward motion of the handle 8 produces the advance motion of the slide 16

page_text: by the end of the slot at 19 coming against the pin in the said slot, as represented
in Figure 6, and the handle is restored to the vertical position, Figure 6 by the
action of the pin in the slot at 19 on the return motion of the slide 16.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my
Invention,―
First. The improvements in screwing machinery herein before described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, of the accompanying Drawings, the said
improvemements consisting essentially of mechanism for automatically reversing
the motion of the screwing mandril or die after the screwing of the bolt or article
has been effected, and for delivering the screwed bolt or article from the screwing
mandril or die, that is to say, mechanism consisting essentially of the tumbling or
oscillating quadrant c carrying the two toothed wheels e, f, geared together, one of
the said toothed wheels being driven from the driving shaft of the machine, the
said tumbling or oscillating quadrant being combined with the two horizontal
levers k, l, operated by the inclines 7, 8, on the slide of the machine for causing one
or other of the toothed wheels e, f, to gear with and drive the screwing mandril or
die, the several parts of the machine being constructed, arranged, and working
substantially as described and illustrated; also the combination with the reversing
mechanism described and illustrated of the spring locking bolt u for locking and
unlocking at the proper times by the operation of the slide n the tumbling or
oscillating quadrant.
Secondly. The modification of the screwing machinery herein before described
and illustrated in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying Drawings, in which a
weighted tumbling or oscillating quadrant carrying the geared toothed wheels is
employed in combination with the mechanism described and represented for
operating the tumbling quadrant and for locking and unlocking it at the proper
times.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hiram Waite, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.