matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR COOLING WORTS. AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Askew at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June
1867.
I, CHARLES ASKEW, of Charles Street, Hampstead Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REFRIGERATORS FOR COOLING WORTS. AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in refrigerators for cooling
worts and other liquids, and relates to the employment of a double series of
tubes through which water is caused to circulate, and over and around which
the wort or other liquid is caused to flow, and consists in a novel arrangement
wherby the water is caused to flow in two streams through alternate sets of
tubes, one set of tubes being fixed and the other set moveable so as to afford
facility for cleansing the refrigerator. For this purpose I employ a series of
fixed tubes, alternating with which is a series of moveable tubes, which may be
arranged so as to be capable of being removed or of turning up on hinge joints
out of the way when it is required to cleanse the refrigerator. The water and
the worts or other liquid are caused to flow in opposite directions to each
other. When more than one pipe in depth is employed I arrange the pipes
one above another, and connect them at their ends by means of boxes which
direct the water from one pipe into the one immediately next to it, and so on
until it comes to the last pipe of that tier, then the water is caused to flow to
the first of another tier of pipes, and so on, until it has passed through all the

page_text: pipes of the one set; it then passes off to a suitable receiver. The other set
of pipes is arranged in a somewhat similar manner, but each tier thereof
alternating with each tier of the first set of pipes, and so that each tier or pair
of tiers is capable of being easily disconnected from each other for removal to
allow of ample space for cleansing between the various pipes of the refrigerator ;
or the entire of these moveable tubes may be capable of being simultaneously
removed or turned up out of the way on one side of the refrigerator, whilst
the other set may also be capable of being removed or turned up out of the
way on the other side when required. When, however, one series of tubes is
fixed the connecting boxes at the ends thereof are caused to form the sides of
the refrigerator. Every alternate tier of pipes is raised slightly above the
others so as to allow the wort or other liquid to be cooled to flow over the top
of one tier into the space between that and the next tier, whence it passes
underneath that tier at one end thereof or otherwise into the next space, and
so on to the end of the series, being caused to flow to and fro and over and
under the different tiers of tubes till it flows off by the overflow pipe to a
suitable receiver.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICAL FUEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by James Bird at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January 1867.
I, JAMES BIRD, of No. 6, Seymour Street West, Connaught Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICAL FUEL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial fuel. Large quantities of artificial fuel are now manufactured
from small coal agglomerated with tar or similar materials and moulded
into solid rectangular blocks, such fuel, however, unless made of very
good coal is slow burning, and it is difficult to supply to it sufficient air to
prevent the deposition of a soot in the flues, which for the time greatly
interferes with the efficient working of a boiler and is difficult of removal.
Now according to my Invention to avoid these inconveniences I mould such
artificial fuel into blocks having a hole or holes through them, which when
the fuel is burnt by giving free passage to the air increases the rapidity
of combustion and lessens the amount of smoke produced. With a similar
object I form the sides of the blocks hollow or with grooves in them, and
these grooves also when the blocks are in the furnace serve as channels for
the air and flame; two or more of the sides of each block may be so made.
The blocks are moulded by pressure in moulds of suitable form, a core or
cores being used to form the passage or passages through the blocks.
AN IMPROVED COVERING OR PROTECTION FROM SUN OR WEATHER ADAPTED FOR PERSONAL USE OR WEAR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bateman Marsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1867.
I, CHARLES BATEMAN MARSDEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Master of Arts, Clerk in Holy Orders, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED COVERING OR PROTECTION FROM SUN OR WEATHER
ADAPTED FOR PERSONAL USE OR WEAR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists of a hat and umbrella or sunshade combined and
made in the following manner :-The silk or other material of the umbrella
or shade when not extended folds against the side of the hat, the ribs also
fold from the crown to the rim and upwards again, these are capable of being
extended by the action of the ordinary stretchers and runner actuated in a
downward direction instead of upward, and from the centre of the crown
of the hat, and the ribs and stretchers when extended may be retained in
that position by the ordinary form of spring catch engaging in the runner, or
by any other equally suitable appliance; or the ribs and covering material may
be attached to or near to the rim of the hat if preferred, in which case when
folded they would lie in the direction of the circumference of the hat and
either above or below the rim.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Sagar and Thomas
Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th August 1867.
We, THOMAS SAGAR, Machine Maker, and THOMAS RICHMOND, Manufacturer,
both of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be. as
follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to improvements upon the letting-off
motion, for which Letters Patent were granted to us on the 4th July 1866,
No. 1775. Our present improvements consist in dispensing with the catches
and ratchet wheels described in our former Patent, and in using in lieu thereof
the following parts:-To the axle of the usual vibrator we fix a toothed seg-
ment or lever with a stud or studs; the teeth of this segment or the studs of
the lever take into the teeth of a wheel, on the boss of which is a pinion gear-
ing into a wheel on the axle of the warp beam; when the tension of the warp
depresses the vibrator the tooth of the segment or the stud of the lever is
raised and allows one tooth of the wheel in which it gears to slip, thereby
letting-off-a-portion of the warp; the parts remain in these positions until the
tension of the warp depressing the vibrator again allows another tooth to slip,
and thus the warp is let off as required. The teeth of the segment or the

page_text: studs of the lever and the teeth of the wheel in which they work are or may
be case-hardened or made of hardened steel.
The second part of our Invention consists in tightening the warp when the
reed is beating up the weft, by an eccentric on the crank shaft acting on a
lever to which the vibrator is connected, or by connecting the lay sword or
the lay to a lever loose on the axle of the vibrator, in the upper arm of which
lever is, a set screw against which the vibrator presses when the reed beats
up; or the same result may be obtained by connecting the lay or the crank
shaft by other equivalents to the vibrator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DIBBLING AND DROPPING SEED AND CORN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Graham William Betham Edwards
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1867.
I, GRAHAM WILLIAM BETHAM EDWARDS, of Bredfield, in the County of
Suffolk, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DIBBLING AND DROPPING SEED AND CORN," to
be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the dibbling of holes in the land at
regulated distances apart, and depositing the seed or corn therein by means
of the machine herein-after described.
The machine for this purpose consists essentially of one or more dibbling
instruments constructed as herein-after described adapted to work in com-
bination with a seed barrel or barrels in which the several cups are successively
turned so as to let the seed brought up from the seed box drop into a channel
immediately over the hole made by the dibble. The dibble is of about the
same form as the ordinary iron hand dibble, and has on its stem a screw or
spiral which works through a corresponding internal screw or worm fixed in a
frame, by which means the dibble on being moved vertically has imparted to
it a slightly revolving motion similar to that given to the ordinary dibble by
hand for the purpose of making a clean and smooth hole. The dibble or set
of dibbles may be worked up and down as required by a crank or otherwise,
a spring being applied to the dibble if required in order to give it elasticity

page_text: in working. The seed barrel is furnished with cups fixed in the disc at
equal distances apart, having their pivots passing through the disc, and being
acted upon so as to give them a partial turn as they arrive in succession over
the channel immediately over the holes made by the dibble. By the com-
bined movements of the dibble and the seed barrel the holes are formed at
regular distances apart, and the seed dropped into them at regular intervals
as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL TYRES, RAILS, AXLES, BRIDGE LINKS, SHAFTING. AND OTHER ARTICLES WHERE UNIFORMITY THE WEARING SURFACES AND INCREASED DURABILITY IS REQUIRED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May 1867.
I, GEORGE WILSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF STEEL TYRES, RAILS, AXLES, BRIDGE LINKS, SHAFTING. AND OTHER
ARTICLES WHERE UNIFORMITY THE WEARING SURFACES AND INCREASED
DURABILITY IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in submitting the Bessemer steel bloom or use
from which tyres, rails, axles, bridge links, and shafting are made to the
process known as the cementation or conversion of steel, and this process is
continued until the required hardness or strength has been obtained, after
this process the blooms or uses referred to are treated by the usual processes
of hammering or rolling for the manufacture and finishing of the articles
required. Where one or more of the surfaces or parts of the surface of any
one of these articles in Bessemer steel is required to remain soft those parts
are to be coated by clay or some other material prior to the article being
submitted to the process of cementation so as to prevent the carburization of
the metal at those particular parts so covered by clay or any other suitable
substance. The uses and blooms are then finished by hammering or rolling
in the usual way.
AN IMPROVED LEVEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Webster Cochran at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1867. Partly a communication from abroad by Charles Wells,
residing at Bridge Port, Connecticut, United States of America.
I, JOHN WEBSTER COCHRAN, of the City, County, and State of New York;
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED LEVEL," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to the construction of an apparatus in which the
surface line of a liquid enclosed witbin a hollow disc of glass, or partly of glass,
indicates upon a graduated circle or scale the angle or inclination of any
surface upon which the apparatus is placed. The said disc may be formed of
two circular plates of glass, one of which is provided at its periphery with a
projecting rim or ledge. The surface of the said ledge is well fitted and ground
upon the surface of the other plate, and the two plates are united by any
suitable cement. The hollow disc may also be formed in one piece by blowing,
or may be constructed of one glass and one metal plate united at their circum-
ference; the hollow disc is provided with an aperture, which after the liquid is
introduced is closed by a tightly fitting plug or stopper. The liquid by preference
employed is alcohol and the hollow disc is about half filled with the same, so
that the surface line of the liquid extends across the greatest diameter of the
disc. The glass case or disc thus formed and filled with the spirit or other
liquid is placed in a frame or ring of metal or other suitable material, which is

page_text: provided with a graduated circle or scale divided into three hundred and sixty
degrees, the said scale being preferably marked with figures from zero to
ninety on each quarter. The said frame is constructed with a base or foot,
which is planed or otherwise made perfectly straight; when this base is placed
upon any surface the angle or inclination of the same is shown by the surface
line of the liquid across the entire diameter of the disc, the degree of the said
angle being indicated by the figures around the graduated circle or scale. The
apparatus may also be provided with a moveable base, which is jointed to one
end of the frame, and is adjusted to any required angle upon a quadrant by a
set screw or other suitable device. The frame of the apparatus may be made
of brass or other suitable metal or material, and may be of any desired length
and shape. A lid or cover may be provided to protect the glass case from
injury.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS' ANCHORS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Murray Gladstone at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1867.
I, THOMAS MURRAY GLADSTONE, of York Chambers, Adelphi, Strand, in
the City of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SHIPS' ANCHORS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in ships' anchors, and
consists of making each arm in one separate piece, and each of these separate
from the shank; although two of the said arms may be welded together at
the two stop points of the cross plates instead of being screw bolted or rivetted
together.
The arms act in like manner as in anchors designed and known as
"Hawkins'" anchor, Patent No. 4589, dated 11th Sept. 1821, but instead of
the anchor shank grasping the united arms and the arms revolving in the shank
each arm of my anchor is welded to a face plate at right angles to it at the
crown end and of a triangular form, as most suitable, and of a proportionate
thickness; at each apex of the plate are punched or drilled holes; two arms
are then bolted together at two of these holes opposite to each other, and
between them are collars, so as to fix them at any given distance according to
the thickness of the shank, and these two bolts form the fulcrum supports

page_text: and prevent the arms from passing beyond the proper angle for holding with
relation to the shank; the said collars between the two bolts are so adjusted
as to allow the shank of the anchor to traverse freely between the two plates,
and when introduced the plate apex at the third hole and the head of the
shank form the crown of the anchor; at the corresponding end of the anchor
shank a hole is formed of like diameter with those in the two plates, and when
a pin or bolt is passed through it forms the pivot on which the shank rotates
so far as the two collared bolts on either hand will allow; these being adjusted
so as to bring the angle of the arms and the shank into about forty-five
degrees divergence from each other.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the exact method described; but what I claim is, the manufacture of anchors
of the description herein set forth.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD FOR OBTAINING AN ESSENTIAL OIL APPLICABLE AS A CURATIVE AGENT OR MEDICINE IN THE TREATMENT OF INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASES, RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, BRUISES, AND SIMILAR AILMENTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Dolman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1867. A communication from abroad by Lachlan Jamieson,
of Buxar, in the Province of Bengal, in India, an officer there serving in
Her Majesty's Army.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM DOLMAN, of No. 39, Jermyn Street, Saint James's,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD FOR OBTAINING AN ESSENTIAL
OIL APPLICABLE AS A CURATIVE AGENT OR MEDICINE IN THE TREATMENT OF
INFLAMMATORY JOINT DISEASES, RHEUMATISM, SPRAINS, BRUISES, AND SIMILAR
AILMENTS," to be as follows:
This preparation is an oil obtained by distillation from a plant or grass
called by the natives of India koos, also Hurdwaree koos, and is the sacred
grass of the Hindoos, the botanical name of the said plant is Poa cynosuroides.
MENTS IN UTILIZING CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS, AND IN MANUFACTURING PACKING THEREFROM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silvester Rait Wybrants at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1867.
I, SILVESTER RAIT WYBRANTS, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UTILIZING CERTAIN WASTE MATERIALS, AND IN MANUFACTURING PACKING
THEREFROM," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which partly relates to the utilizing of certain materials
which are at present wasted in certain factories and works, and in employing
them for a useful purpose, consists as follows:--In several factories or works
great quantities of belting are used composed of cotton and other textile
materials which speedily begins to wear out, and after such begins to unravel
or wear at the edges, or become unfitted for the operations of driving machinery,
it is thrown away and regarded as waste. It is thus evident that large sums
of money are in this manner lost. And my Invention partly consists in using
such waste material for the purpose of manufacturing from it an improved
packing for piston and pumps rods or plungers or other moveable parts of
machinery, which is effected in the following manner :-The waste pieces of
belting are washed and cleansed, after_which-they-may-be-mangled, calendered,
or otherwise treated; they are then laid over and caused to adhere to a thin
web or sheet of textile material, such-as-coarse-canvas-or-other-suitable
material, a solution of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other substance being
used to effect the adhesion. In place of using the waste material herein-before

page_text: referred to certain other materials may be used, such as the " croppings " or
"dressings "of certain textile fabrics, as ducks, canvas, coarse linen, or other
goods. These croppings or dressings, are similarly adhered to a sheet or web
of textile fabric, after which the sheet or web may be calendered, mangled, or
otherwise treated, after which it is in a fit state to be rolled into packing by
any of the methods at present practised.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED FOR GRINDING WHEAT OR OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Kitchen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1867.
1, THOMAS KITCHEN, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Millwright
and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED FOR GRINDING WHEAT OR OTHER GRAIN,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a means of carrying off and discharging
the dust or particles of grain in suspension, arising from wheat or other grain
when undergoing the operation of grinding without the aid of exhaust pumps,
fans, or blasts, as heretofore employed, and consists in the use of pipes, tubes,
or trunks, connected with an exhausting power to induce a current of air
between the millstones of sufficient power to carry off and discharge the dust
or particles of gràin in suspension, which I effect as follows:-Each pair of
millstones is enclosed by a casing of wood or iron; attached to each casing is
a pipe, tube, or trunk, branching to and connected with a pipe, tube, or trunk
of larger capacity, and this latter extends to and is connected with the flue
or chimney of the furnace, the draught of which induces a current of air to
enter the eye of the millstones through or between the said stones, and by way
of the pipes, tubes, or trunks to the flue or chimney carrying off the dust or

page_text: particles of grain in suspension. The amount of air admitted to the millstones
may readily be adjusted by means of a damper or valve placed in the larger
pipe, tube, or trunk, or the use of a damper or valve in connection with each
branch pipe, tube, or trunk, will enable the attendant to employ different or
varying degrees of supply of air to each or any pair of stones if from any cause
found desirable..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING FLAX, HEMP, AND OTHER FIBROUS PLANTS FOR THE PURPOSES OF SPINNING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas John Oliver Stubber at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th July 1867.
I, NICHOLAS JOHN OLIVER STUBBER, of No. 10, Claverton Street, Pimlico,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING FLAX, HEMP, AND
OTHER FIBROUS PLANTS FOR THE PURPOSES OF SPINNING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in taking flax and other fibres of a like nature (and
those also which do not require steeping or retting and drying) and cutting
them to the length or lengths required to make them available for spinning in
the ordinary cotton spinning machinery now in use for spinning cotton yarns
or threads; when the flax or other fibres are cut to the lengths required for
spinning I pass them under or between a heavy corregated or grooved metal
roller, the raised or convexed ribs of which work into the bollow or concave
ribs of a metal roller of less diameter for the purpose of crushing or breaking
the straw or woody substancy of the plants containing the fibres. By this
process the fibres are released and can be taken direct to the ordinary carding
engines, and be worked, cleansed, cottonised and brought to any state of
fineness without being scutched, hand dressed or hackled, and by this treatment'
I render scutching, hand dressing, or hackling unnecessary, and effect a very

page_text: large saving of the finest and most valuable portion of the fibre. The flax and
other fibres may be cut with sheaves or ordinary cutters having travelling
sheets or tables to carry the flax or other crushed fibres from the crushing or
breaking rollers up to the table or feeder of the carding engine.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel William Worssam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
March 1867.
I, SAMUEL WILLIAM WORSSAM, of King's Road, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for cutting wood relates in the first
place to improvements in saw frames for cross cutting timber, and consists
in a novel mode of arranging, mounting, and suspending the reciprocating
saw and its appendages. The saw, with its bearing blocks or slides at either
end, are suspended by chains which pass over pullies placed at the upper ends
of the hollow standards. From the opposite ends of the chains are suspended
counterbalance weights which are enclosed in the hollow standards in which
the said weights rise or fall as the saw is depressed or elevated; these two
pullies are mounted on the same shaft, which extends across the machine, so
that they are obliged to rotate in unison, and being of precisely the same
diameter the saw is always kept in the proper horizontal position for working.
By the counterbalance weights being placed in the hollow standards the
machine is rendered compact, convenient to manage, and not so liable to
accident as when the weights are placed outside the standards. A recipro-
cating motion is communicated to the cross cut saw by means of a connecting
rod actuated by the crank of any suitable motive-power engine; and in order
to produce a draw cut the cutting edge of the saw is not only bellied or curved,

page_text: but the horizontal guides are placed slightly on the incline, so that as the saw
reciprocates a kind of curvilinear or swinging motion is imparted to it.
The next improvement relates to a novel arrangement or construction of
parts for supporting the timber in a "trying up" machine. The object of this
improvement is to support the timber at several points, and to afford efficient
support to such timber even when the under side is uneven. To this end the
supporting table is provided at short intervals throughout its length with several
transverse rocking supports, which when wedged up from below will fit against
the under side of the timber, and will take the weight of the timber at several
points whatever may be the unevenness of the under side.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SASH FASTENING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Cavanagh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1867.
I, MICHAEL CAVANAGH, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SASH
FASTENING," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to an improved mode of fastening and giving
greater security to window sashes by enabling the same to be firmly locked,
and thereby prevented from rattling or shaking as at present, and consists of
a metallic case (fitting a mortice in the sash) in which a quadrant-headed bolt
mounted upon a centre bearing is caused to move outwards from an opening
in the surface plate through the medium of a link follower working within a
niche in the heel of the same actuated by a key, employing in connection
therewith a locking plate on the opposite sash for receiving the bolt, by which
arrangement the said sashes may be locked or unlocked as desired in lieu of
the ordinary fastenings.
AN IM- PROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF STEAM BOILERS AND PROMOTING THE GENERATION OF DRY STEAM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Cail at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1867.
I, GEORGE HENRY CAIL, of Pembroke Square, Southampton, in the County
of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF STEAM BOILERS AND
PROMOTING THE GENERATION OF DRY STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain arrangements in connection with steam
boilers whereby the danger of explosion is avoided, whilst the generation of
"dry" steam is promoted. Those portions of the internal surface of the
boiler which are exposed to the influence of heat for the generation of steam
are covered with small pieces of metal, by preference iron, the same being
kept in the required position by means of a network of wire which is attached
to the interior of the boiler, a space being left between the network and the
boiler plates so as to allow those portions of the latter which are exposed to
the heat of the furnace to be covered by and be in contact with the pieces of
metal. The practical result of this arrangement is that explosion will not
occur, and that "dry" steam will be generated, thus avoiding the evil
consequences which ensue from "priming."
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell Swann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1867.
I, JOHN RUSSELL SWANN, of No. 21, Leith Walk, Edinburgh, in the County
of Mid Lothian, in Scotland, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in steam engines whereby an
increase of power is obtained and a quick exhaust of the steam is effected.
According to this Invention it is proposed to construct the slide valve of steam
engines of a rectangular form, either hollow or solid, and with one or more
openings passing through it for the escape of the exhaust steam from the
cylinder. A plate having two openings or ports is fitted inside the steam
chest and made adjustable therein, such plate being fixed by sets screws
provided for that purpose; against this plate the back of the valve is made
to work; a pipe is connected to this plate, which pipe passes through &
stuffing box in the steam chest. The steam from the cylinder passes through
the ports in the slide valve, through the openings in the back plate, and from
thence it is conducted by the pipe connected thereto to the condenser or into
the atmosphere. The ports in the valve are made of a more acute angle with
the surfaces against which it works than those leading from the cylinder. By

page_text: this arrangement, and by suitably arranging the openings in the back plate, the
steam may be cut off at any desired part of the stroke. The surfaces against
which the valve works are planed so as to be steam-tight, and the back plate
is made of such a length that the back surface of the valve shall be always
covered by it in whatever part of its stroke it may be. By this means an equal
resistance of the steam in the steam chest is maintained. The back plate may
if desired be applied simply to keep off the pressure from the slide valve, in
which case the exhausting ports therein may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Pearce at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1867.
I, JOHN CHARLES PEARCE, of the Bowling Iron Works, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES AND FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in so constructing and arranging the furnace and
fire-grate as to insure perfect combustion of the fuel and gases, thereby
preventing the emission of smoke, and at the same time constituting what is
technically called a self-acting fire feeder.
In carrying out my Invention the grate bars are connected together
alternately so as to form two or more lots, which by way of distinction are
termed lifting bars and traversing bars; the former work up and down
edgewise, and the latter backward and forward lengthwise. In a convenient
situation about the front of the furnace is fixed a revolving shaft provided
with cranks or eccentrics from which the required motions are communicated
through suitable rods and levers to the grate bars. A hopper or other
receptacle for the fuel is formed at the front of the grate above the bars,
and is fitted with an adjustable plate for regulating or stopping the supply
of fuel to the furnace. The operation is as follows:-Fuel from the hopper
is allowed to descend upon the grate bars; the shaft at the front of the
furnace is caused to revolve slowly in accordance with the size of the grate
and the quantity of fuel to be consumed. The lifting bars descend and

page_text: remain stationary while the traversing bars move a few inches forward toward
the bridge carrying with them into the furnace a certain quantity of fuel;
then the lifting bars ascend so as to ease or bear up the fuel off the
traversing bars, in which position they remain while the traversing bars
return toward the mouth of the furnace for a fresh feed of fuel from the
hopper, and so on, repeating the operations at each revolution of the shaft
and carrying in fresh supplies of fuel to be gradually ignited and consumed
in its passage through the furnace to the bridge, where the residue is pushed
off the ends of the grate bars and deposited in the ash-pit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sangster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
December 1867.
I, WILLIAM SANGSTER; of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas. As umbrellas
are commonly made the water runs from them all round at every tip; this is
frequently found inconvenient, and to prevent it I, according to this Invention,
form a gutter around the umbrella just above the curves at the edge by
fastening a band of india-rubber fabric or other fabric by one edge to the
umbrella in such manner that when the umbrella is open its other or free edge
stands off from the umbrella all round and inclines upwards so as to form the
gutter required. The gutter is left open at one tip for the escape of the
water.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORD, ROPs, LACE, PAPER, CARDBOARD, PASTEBOARD, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Faustino Vita at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1867.
I, FAUSTINO VITA, of 28, Rue Feydeau, in Paris, Empire of France,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORD, ROPs,
LACE, PAPER, CARDBOARD, PASTEBOARD, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in taking the bark of the branches of the mulberry
tree and macerating the same either in cold or hot water, or in steam, or in
boiling it, or in treating it in any other suitable manner, with or without
chemical products of any kind, for a sufficient time according to the season
of the year, the temperature, or the nature of the receptacles employed for
maceration, in order that the textile material may be completely freed from
heterogeneous substances which it contains. It is then dried in the air by
the heat of the sun, or by any other method where heat is employed, and the
product thus obtained serves to make cord, rope, lace fibres and other like
products, as well as tissues of every kind from the finest to the coarsest
articles of lace. Also in treating the bark of the mulberry tree as above, and
without it being necessary to dry it by passing it between grinding or crushing
rollers, and with or without the addition of hot chlorides, but leaving it to

page_text: macerate sufficiently, an excellent pulp for paper is obtained fit for the
manufacture of all products which can be made from the best pulp of rags,.
from the finest paper to the thickest cardboard, and which can also be used
as pasteboard, or papier maché, and other similar products, to make articles of
ornament, picture frames, mouldings, and other similar articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZING OF MINERAL AND OTHER OILS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT AND FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir James Young Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1867.
I, Sir JAMES YOUNG SIMPSON, Baronet, of Strathavon, of No. 52, Queen
Street, Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZING
OF MINERAL AND OTHER OILS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT AND FOR ILLUMINATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object, firstly, the production of heat which may.
be employed for generating steam, and be also utilized for other purposes,
wherein the application of heat is necessary, and consists in burning shale oil,
coal oil, petroleum, or other mineral, vegetable, or animal oils in the state of
minute division or in the form of spray. The oils are impelled through one
or more orifices which are directed against the object to which heat is to be
applied, each orifice consisting of a tube of small calibre, through which the
oil or oils are impelled or drawn up out of an appropriate reservoir. The
tube or tubes through which the oil or oils pass is more or less surrounded by
another tube through which atmospheric air, either heated or at the ordinary
temperature, or steam either saturated or superheated, or both, is driven by
suitable blowing apparatus, or by steam force, the object of this forcing
through of the air or steam being to break the jet of oil into minute spray to
facilitate its ignition and burning. The oil jet and air or steam jet in each
spray ultimately issue from one and the same orifice, and additional single air

page_text: or steam orifices may be required for the more complete combustion of the
oil.
In reference to the second part of this Invention the oil or oils are burned
in a similar spray form, and the light produced by the combustion of the oil
or oils may be used in instances where illumination is required. As soon as
the spray is produced fire is applied to it in the manner ordinarily employed
for igniting illuminating gas, or it may be ignited otherwise. As soon as
applied the heat is communicated from particle to particle of the spray, and
the whole remains burning in a continuous and powerful flame.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PLASTIC AND FIBROUS MATERIALS TO THE MANU- FACTURE OF MOULDED OR FORMED ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macintosh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1867.
I, JOHN MACINTOSH, of North Bank, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF PLASTIC AND FIBROUS MATERIALS TO THE MANU-
FACTURE OF MOULDED OR FORMED ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of fabrics suitable for the
manufacture of various moulded or shaped articles. With this view I saturate
or coat felt or other fibrous material with paraffin, stearic acid, or the pitchy
residuum obtained when distilling paraffin or other vegetable substances in a
melted or plastic state by any suitable means. The felt or fibrous material
so treated on cooling has its fibres cemented firmly together and is waterproof.
When warmed it can be pressed into any form or shape, which it retains on
cooling, and may be increased to any thickness by the addition of fresh layers.
For example, I take a part of a sheet of the saturated felt or fibrous
material for the purpose of making a splint for an injured limb upon which it
is gently pressed, and on cooling an accurate cast or mould obtained. Boats
made of stout woolen felt saturated as above can be moulded on a mould or
frame. Casts of the human figure, casks or their linings, or other formed or
shaped articles may be similarly produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUDDER PINS AND GUDGEONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Grace at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April 1867.
I, CHARLES GRACE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RUDDER PINS AND GUDGEONS," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are (1), to provide rudder pins and gudgeons
with increased bearing surfaces, and thereby render them more durable;
(2), to provide convenient means for "taking up" the wear or adjusting
rudder pins and gudgeons while a ship is afloat; and, (3), to reduce friction as
between the ends of rudder pins and their gudgeons. For these purposes I
construct or make the pins and gudgeons of a taper form in their length. In
the upper gudgeon I fit an adjustable step, by preference made of hardened
steel, and secure it by a cotter, a screw, or other means, so that it can be
raised from time to time as the parts wear away. In ships with heavy rudders
all the gudgeons or more than one of them can be fitted with these adjustable
steps. The ends of the pins and the bearing surfaces of the steps in the
gudgeons are made of a convex or rounded form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC TION OF POSTS, POLES, AND BIMILAR SUPPORTS FOR TELEGRAPHIC, AGRICULTURAL, OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Emile Sohn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1867. A communication from abroad by Guillaume Lichtenfelder, of
Strasbourg, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES EMILE SOHN, of Mark Lane, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC
TION OF POSTS, POLES, AND BIMILAR SUPPORTS FOR TELEGRAPHIC, AGRICULTURAL, OR
OTHER PURPOSES," (a communication from abroad by Guillaume Lichtenfelder,
of Strasbourg, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object the construction and mode of forming hop
poles, telegraph posts, props, struts, or similar supports, of metallic or other
substances in place of wood as at present, whereby the form, dimensions, and
durability thereof may be greatly varied, strengthened, and improved, and
consists in employing for the same, strips or bands of sheet iron rolled into a
cylindrical or tubular form either spirally, longitudinally, or otherwise, so as to
admit of being held together by joints vertically or in one piece, and formed
of any required thickness and length as may be be found necessary, and subse
quently coated with tar or other preservative materials, employing in like
manner for gardening, decorative, or other purposes, papier maché or paste-
board in combination with asphalte or like bituminous substances in lieu of
the iron as above.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A RAILWAY STATION AND THE GUARD OR OTHER PERSON IN CHARGE OF A TRAIN AT A DISTANCE, OR BETWEEN THE GUARDS OF Two TRAINS ON THE SAME LINE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arnold and George Daniel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th March 1867.
We, JOHN ARNOLD, of Campbell Road, Bow, and GEORGE DANIEL, of
Stepney, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A RAILWAY
STATION AND THE GUARD OR OTHER PERSON IN CHARGE OF A TRAIN AT A DISTANCE, OR
BETWEEN THE GUARDS OF Two TRAINS ON THE SAME LINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to afford a ready means of communication
between a railway station and the guard of a train on the line, or between the
guards of two trains on the same line, by means of a current of electricity
conveyed by a continuous insulated rail, rod, or wire mounted either inside or
outside the ordinary rails.
The continuous rail, rod, or wire may be placed either centrally or otherwise
between the ordinary rails (or outside of either rail), and is supported at a
convenient height upon suitable insulators. In order that the continuity of
this rail may not be broken at points where the ordinary lines of rails cross
each other, or at a level crossing where a road crosses the railway, the said
rail, rod, or wire is carried underneath the ground (in a gutta percha tube or
otherwise) at such points so as to preserve both its continuity and insulation.
To the underneath part (or side) of the guard's van is secured a spring bracket
carrying a flanged or grooved friction wheel, which runs in contact with the
rail, rod, or wire above named as the train runs on the ordinary rails; this

page_text: spring bracket is in electric communication (by means of a wire) with a battery
and instrument in the guard's van, and the continuous rail, rod, or wire on
which the friction wheel runs is in similar communication with a battery and
instrument placed in the station; hence it will be evident that an electric
communication is established between the station and the train on the line
(whether in motion or not), and messages can be transmitted from one to the
other, and that when the communication with the station battery is cut off
the guard of one train can communicate by the same means with the guard of
another train on the same line of rails.
AN IMPROVED MAP, BLIND, SCENE, AND PICTURE ROLLER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Porter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1867.
I, PHILIP PORTER, of 83, Fleet Street, London, Manager of Lloyd's Maps,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MAP,
BLIND, SCENE, AND PICTURE ROLLER," to be as follows:-
It consists of an upper frame or moulding of twice the usual breadth to
admit of rolling or folding; lengthways and parallel to this frame is attached a
roller turning on its axis supported at the ends and leaving room for the map,
scene, or picture to move easily up and down between this roller and the
upper frame or moulding. The maps, pictures, scenes, or blinds are provided
with a roller at each end, and being reversed they may each be respectively
exhibited while the upper frame remains in position by means of a cord
attached to each roller in the centre, by which they may be elevated or depressed
at pleasure.
Also as a novel and safe mode of attachment to the roller the latter is
divided lengthways, and a small groove is made longitudinally along each half
roller on the inner side so as when closed to form a small hollow tube; the
blind, map, picture, or scene to be attached is placed with its lower edge
about in. over and below the groove; a string is then brought tightly over

page_text: from end to end; the edge of map is then turned up over the string, the
second half roller being placed over, the two end knobs replaced, and two
small circular brass bands with pins equidistant from end bringing the two
half rollers firmly together fixes it securely in its place.