Improvements in Filters and in Materials or Compositions for Filtering.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters and in Materials or Compositions for
Filtering.
We, GEORGE SUFFIELD MARRIS, of Islington Stamping Works, Browning Street,
Ladywood, Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM JOHN
GEORGE, of No. 36 Cambridge Street Birmingham, aforesaid, Chemical Apparatus
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists first in constructing and arranging the parts of filters in the
manner hereinafter described and secondly of the materials or compositions for filtering
also hereinafter described.
The first part of our invention relates principally to filters for domestic use but is
also applicable to filters generally.
We will describe the first part of our invention in connection with a domestic filter.
We make the body of the filter of a vessel preferably of earthenware or glass and
of a cylindrical figure, but we do not limit ourselves to any particular materials or
figure. In the bottom of the said body is a central opening on or underneath which
we place or fix a disc or pad of filtering material, preferably of the kind hereinafter
described. Where the filter is small the disc or pad of filtering material does not
require any support in addition to the edge of the central hole in the body, but in
the case of large filters we prefer to employ in lieu of one central hole a series of
small perforations, or to fit a perforated disc of earthenware or glass in the central
hole. The central hole or series of holes may be surrounded by an annular flexible or
elastic washer of india rubber or the like and the disc or pad of filtering material may
be pressed to its seat either by a heavy ring or by any convenient fastening. Or the
disc or pad of filtering material may be situated outside the body and pressed to its
seat against the central opening or openings by a collar hinged to the body or other-
wise connected thereto so as to bind the said filtering material tightly against the said
opening or openings.
The second part of our invention consists of materials or compositions for filtering
of the following kinds.
We make a mixture of cellulose or woody fibre and charcoal (either animal or
vegetable charcoal) the charcoal being in fine powder, and from the said mixture we
make by processes essentially the same as those used in making paper, a tissue of a
thickness depending on the particular liquid to the filtering of which it is to be
applied. For a domestic filter of the kind hereinbefore described a thickness of one
sixteenth to one eighth of an inch is sufficient. We cut discs or pads from the said
material by punches worked by hand or by a press. In the case of domestic filters
the filtering pad being inexpensive may be replaced daily.
When the water or liquid to be filtered is coloured and it is wished to remove the
colour in the filtering operation, we use tissue made with animal charcoal,

page_text: By using filters made according to our invention for filtering table water, the said
water is not only rendered quite clear but it is freed wholly or in great part of any
bacteria or micro-organisms with which it may have been contaminated.
Dated this Twenty-eighth day of October 1896.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filters aud in Materials or Compositions for
Filtering.
We, GEORGE SUFFIELD MARRIS, of Islington Stamping Works, Browning Street,
Ladywood, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, and WILLIAM JOHN
GEORGE, of No. 36 Cambridge Street, Birmingham, aforesaid, Chemical Apparatus
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:--
Our invention consists first in constructing and arranging the parts of filters in
the manner hereinafter described and secondly of the materials or compositions for
filtering also hereinafter described.
The first part of our invention relates principally to filters for domestic use but is
also applicable to filters generally.
We will describe the first part of our invention in connection with a domestic filter.
We make the body of the filter of a vessel preferably of earthenware or glass and
of a cylindrical figure, but we do not limit ourselves to any particular material or
figure. In the bottom of the said body is a central opening on or underneath which
we place or fix a disc or pad of filtering material, preferably of the kind hereinafter
described. Where the filter is small the dise or pad of filtering material does not
require any support in addition to the edge of the central hole in the body, but in
the case of large filters we prefer to employ in lieu of one central hole a
series of small perforations, or to fit a perforated disc of earthenware, glass or
aluminium in the central hole. The central hole or series of holes may be surrounded
by an annular flexible or elastic washer of india rubber or the like and the disc or
pad of filtering material may be pressed to its seat either by a heavy ring or by any
convenient fastening. Or the disc or pad of filtering material may be situated outside
the body and pressed to its seat against the central opening or openings by a collar
hinged to the body or otherwise connected thereto so as to bind the said filtering
material tightly against the said opening or openings.
This part of our invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Figure I represents in vertical section a small or table filter containing our improve-
ments and Figures 2 and 24 represent in side-elevation portions of the upper container
or body of the filter; Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line x, x Figure 2;
Figure 4 represents in edge view and plan (and portion in section drawn to a large
scale), the filtering disc to be used with the said filter.
Figures 5 and 6 represent in vertical and horizontal section a large domestic filter
containing our improvements the section Figure 6 being taken on the line y, y
Figure 5.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of the
Drawings.
We will first describe the filter Figures 1, 2, 24, 3 and 4.
a is the upper vessel or container of the filter into which the water to be filtered is

page_text: poured and b is the lower vessel or water bottle in which the filtered water is received.
The upper vessel has an axial tubular opening a to which the disc'c of filtering
material is secured. The edge of the filtering disc c is pressed into close contact with the
bottom or edge of the tubular opening al by a flanged ring d the upper or unflanged
edge of which is provided with, preferably three, inwardly turned projections d, d²
for engaging by a bayonet joint like fastening with an annular groove or neck a² in
the tubular part a (see Figure 2). We do not however limit ourselves to this
method of fixing the filtering disc c to the tubular opening as other equivalent
methods of securing the dise thereto may be employed. For example the filtering
dise e may be fixed in place by a screwed ring, or by a hinged ring and catch or by a
ring kept in place by a spring.
Where the opening through which the filtering water passes is of large size it is
necessary to support the disc at its middle as well as at its edge and this we effect in
the way hereinafter described with respect to the filter Figures 5 and 6.
We provide the opening a through which the filtered water passes to the lower
chamber b with a cross bar or bridge a carrying a vertical screw pin or upright e. The
annular flange, dividing the upper chamber from the lower chamber bis
provided with a flexible or yielding washer h, preferably of vulcanized india rubber,
and the part of the cross bar or bridge at around the screw pin e is provided with a
flexible or yielding washer A. The filtering dise c has a central hole made in it for
taking over the screw pin e. The filtering disc c having been placed in position it
is firmly fixed on its seat by a perforated disc or capf, preferably of earthenware, by
a screw nut g taking on the end of the screw pin e.
The second part of our invention consists of materials or compositions for filtering
of the following kinds.
We make a mixture of cellulose or woody fibre and charcoal (either animal or vege-
table charcoal) the charcoal being in fine powder, and from the said mixture we
make by processes essentially the same as those used in making porous or unsized
paper, a tissue of a thickness depending on the particular liquid to the filtering of
which it is to be applied. For domestic filters of the kind herein before described and
represented, a thickness in the tissue of one sixteenth to one eighth of an inch is
sufficient. We prefer to cover the surfaces of the tissue with thin white porous or
unsized paper. We cut discs or pads from the said material by punches worked by
hand or by a press. Figure 4 represents one of the said discs, c being the layer of
filtering composition and e, c being the thin white paper covers of the same.
the case of domestic filters the filtering pad being inexpensive may be replaced daily.
When the water or liquid to be filtered is coloured and it is wished to remove the
colour in the filtering operation, we use tissue made with animal charcoal.
In
By using filter made according to our invention for filtering table water, the said
water is not only rendered quite clear but it is freed wholly or in great part of any
bacteria or micro-organisms with which it may have been contaminated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim
as our invention ;-
First. In filters for filtering water and other liquids in which filters the filtering
material is in the form of a thin disc;-fixing or clamping the edges of the said
filtering disc to its seat on or under the hole by which the water passes from the
upper to the lower chamber of the filter substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, in a filter the upper part of
which has a tubular opening at bottom securing or clamping the edge of the filtering
disc to the edge of the tubular opening by a flanged ring with bayonet joint fastening
or other equivalent fastening, and in a filter in which a filtering disc of large size is
used supporting and clamping the filtering disc on a flange and cross bar by a per-
forated disc pressed down by a screw nut taking on a screw pin on the cross bar
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvements in materials or compositions for filtering water and

page_text: other liquids herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings
the said improvements consisting essentially of an intimate mixture of cellulose or
woody fibre and animal or vegetable charcoal in fine powder the said mixture being
treated by processes essentially the same as those used in the inaking of porous or
unsized paper so as to obtain the mixture in the form of a tissue which is preferably
covered on both sides with porous or unsized paper and cut into discs substantially
as described and illustrated.
Dated the Nineteenth day of July 1807
GEORGE SUFFIELD MARRIS.
WILLIAM JOHN GEORGE.