IMPROVE- MENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN CRUSHING AND ROLLING LAND AND IN FRAMES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Harriott, of Islingham, Frindsbury, in
the County of Kent, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN CRUSHING AND
ROLLING LAND AND IN FRAMES FOR THE SAME
Sealed the 9th November 1853, and dated the 28th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Harriott at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th May 1853.
1. GEORGE HARRIOTT, of Islingham, Frindsbury, in the County of
Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN CRUSHING AND
ROLLING LAND, AND IN FRAMES FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements in agricultural implements consist in a new of
form of clod crusher and roller, which I call the archimedian clod
crusher and universal roller.
This archimedian screw clod crusher and universal roller forms an
entire screw of any required length, but can be divided into lengths of
from two to more feet, to enable it to turn on the headlands without
injuring corn, grass, turnips. &c.

page_text: My improvements in frames for my roller and other like agricultural
implements for rolling land consist in forming the checks of the frame
with a box for the spindle or axle to run in, and I introduce a spring,
so as to admit of the roller rising or falling at each end and the middle,
according to the uneveness of the soil. Any additional weight may be
placed on the frame of the roller without injury to its working. The
frame and shafts can be lifted off the roller in a very few minutes, and
affixed to another, if required.
The internal formation of the rollers is either an entire thin plate or
cylinder of iron to reduce the weight, or may be constructed with a
flange in the inner ring, which so strengthens the tyre of the wheel
that it can be drawn on a common road without danger of breaking.
The archimedian screw can be reduced to any size, and may be used
to fill up the furrows formed by the Suffolk and other drills, answering
the purpose of a roller and harrow to bury either corn or turnips,
thereby saving the expence of both roll and harrow, and not disturbing
the seed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Harriott in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 28th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE HARRIOTT, of Islingham, Frindsbury, in the County of Kent,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Harriott, Her special licence
that I, the said George Harriott, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Harriott, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS EMPLOYED IN CRUSHING AND ROLLING LAND, AND
IN FRAMES FOR THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that J, the
said George Harriott, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the late of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Harriott, do hereby de-
clare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
annexed, that is to say:
My Invention consists, first, in improvements upon a design for a
screw clod crusher, registered by me, under the Designs Registration
Act, the Twenty-sixth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-two, in which I described a clod crusher or roller composed of
several separate rings, the outer surface of which was composed of a
series of teeth set at an angle. Now my improvements consist in con-
structing an implement for crushing and rolling land from a cylinder
or cylinders having threads of a screw formed thereon. The implement
may be composed of an entire cylinder with a screw surface, or it may
consist of three, four, or more such cylinders of various lengths, mounted
upon an axis, and connected to a frame or carriage.
And, second, my Invention consists in constructing frames with
springs for fitting to such and other rollers employed in the crushing and
rolling of land, whereby the roller, when divided into two or more parts,
may accommodate itself to any unevenness there may be in the land.
Figure 1, of the Drawings annexed, is a perspective view of one of
my improved implements, which I designate the archimedean clod
crusher and universal roller. Figure 2, is a front view of one of the
screw cylinders, of which the roller is composed.
view of Figure 2, shewing the bearing for the axle;
Figure 8, is a side
and Figure 4. is a
side view of a compensating spring frame for rollers. The Drawing

page_text: shews the roller to be composed of four separate screw cylinders A, A,
A, A. For the convenience of turning and for crushing clods and
rolling uneven land I have found a roller divided into four or even
more parts to be preferable to one entire cylinder. The cylinders are
cast solid, with a screw thread on the outside, and with a hollow in the
centre for the bearing of the axle. When the roller is not required to
be of great weight, the cylinders may be cast with additional vacant
spaces in the interior, as shewn at C, C, Figure 3. Or a thin cylinder
might be cast, with a screw thread on its outer surface, and fixed on
any suitable core. The screw thread must not be cast with too fine a
point, as it would not act so well on the land. D, is one of the end
rails of the frame; and E, E, side pieces attached thereto, and con-
nected together by the cross bar F. The lower extremities of the side
pieces E, E, are provided with projecting parts e, e, which serve to
sustain the box G, which forms the bearing for one end of the axle of
the roller, the ends of the box being slotted out to allow it to move up
and down on the side pieces E, E. H, is a rod attached to the upper
side of the box, which works through apertures cut in the cross bar F,
and end rail D; and I, is a coiled spring surrounding the rod, and
bearing at one end on a washer or shoulder fixed on the rod H, and at
the other end against the under side of the end rail D, for the purpose
of keeping the box at its lowest position, but allowing it to slide freely
on the side pieces E, E, when the roller is passing over uneven ground.
The opposite end of the roller frame is fitted with a compensating
spring, bearing in a precisely similar manner to what has just been
described.
My archimedean clod crusher and universal roller reduces the land
to a fine tilth. It is also well adapted for rolling corn and grasses, and
parks, &c., for mowing. It may be employed with great advantage
immediately after sowing or drilling turnips, wheat, barley, &c., on light
land, to close and settle down the soil. In the spring, when wheats are
land-bound it breaks the crust without injuring the plant, and leaves
the land as if just harrowed off. It stops the ravages of wire worms
and other grubs to a great extent, without at all injuring the plants
affected by them.
When necessary, the frame may be loaded in order to give additional

page_text: weight to the roller. No extra wheels are required to enable this
implement to pass over ordinary roads, as it is capable of travelling
upon them without injury.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the constructing of implements for crushing and rolling land
from a cylinder or cylinders with a screw thread on the outer surface
in the manner herein-before described; and,
Second, the constructing of compensating spring frames for rollers
employed in the rolling and crushing of land.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Harriott, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
GEO. HARRIOTT. (L.S.)