IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and WILLIAM
WHITESMITH, of the same Place, Machinists, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," bearing date the Fifteenth day of
May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, to which a
Specification was duly filed.
DISCLAIMER proposed to be entered by the said 'Isaac Whitesmith and
William Whitesmith, pursuant to the Statutes in that case made and
provided.
WHEREAS in the said Specification, we, the said Isaac Whitesmith and
William Whitesmith, stated that we claimed, as part of the Invention secured
to us by the said Letters Patent, "ninth, the system or mode of actuating the
"picking sticks directly from the tappet shaft, and drawing back the picking
"sticks by means of a spring or other similar appliance, as herein-before
"described," the words "as herein-before described," so far as relating to
drawing back the picking sticks by means of a spring or other similar
"appliance," having reference to the following passage in the descriptive part
of the said Specification, vizt., "In this part of the Invention the ordinary
"draw back stick is dispensed with, as the picking stick, being actuated by
a spring near its fulcrum, carries the driver back with it without any other
appliance," and also to the following passage therein, vizt., "In this
" modification the ordinary draw back stick is dispensed with, and the stick

page_text: "is drawn back by a spiral spring 19, which carries the driver back with it
" without requiring any other appliance;" and also to the following passage
therein, vizt., "The picking sticks L are drawn back by a spring M, which
" is attached by a strap to the lower end of the picking sticks, whilst the other
"end of the spring is fastened to the rocking shaft N:" And whereas, we, the
said Isaac Whitesmith and William Whitesmith, have, since the said Speci-
fication was filed, discovered that the part of the said Invention herein-before
mentioned as claimed therein was not novel or original, so far as it relates
to drawing back the picking sticks by means of a spring or other similar
appliance; for which reason we, the said Isaac Whitesmith and William
Whitesmith, are desirous of disclaiming, and we do hereby disclaim, the part
of the said Specification which consists of the following words in the ninth
claim in the said Specification, vizt., "and drawing back the picking sticks by
means of a spring or other similar appliance.".
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twelfth day of September, One thousand eight hundred & sixty.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Whitesmith, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, and William Whitesmith, of the same Place,
Machinists, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING."
Sealed the 3rd September 1857, and dated the 15th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Whitesmith and
William Whitesmith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th May 1857.
We, ISAAC WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, and WILLIAM WHITESMITH, of the same Place, Machinists, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to various improved arrangements of looms for
weaving, and is applicable partly to the production of plain, but more par-
ticularly to fancy fabrics, such as checks and twills.
The differential alternate action of the several shuttles in looms for checked
fabrics is regulated, according to the present Invention, by the length and
position of a suitable number of studs placed in slots round the circumference
polyhedronal or cylindrical barrel. The contour of this barrel is, formed
by a succession of equidistant longitudinal slots and ribs. The barrel, is

page_text: centred upon a stationary axis, at least one-half the length of which has
a screw cut upon it. Within the knave of the barrel is fastened a pin,
taking into the screw in such a way, that when the former is made to
turn on its axis in either direction. a longitudinal motion is communicated
to the barrel, one complete turn corresponding to the pitch of the screw.
On the contour of the barrel are drawn two spiral lines, forming a double-
threaded helix, and between one pair of these lines are placed the studs
intended to regulate the pattern, and between the other pair of lines the
ratchet catches, for pushing the barrel round in either. direction, operate, and
here also are placed the pins required to reverse the action of the catches.
Owing to a peculiarity of the mechanism, herein-after described, only one
pattern stud is required for each change of shuttle, the intermediate slots being
left vacant, thus saving much time and expense in the setting up of long
patterns as compared with other plans formerly in use. By the compound
rotatory and longitudinal movement of the barrel the whole surface of the
barrel is in succession brought in front at the end of a reciprocating or sliding
horizontal bar, which is kept in constant motion endwise by the operation of
wiper on the end of the ordinary tappet 'shaft of the loom. At the other or
back end of this sliding bar is centred a lever, through the medium of which
the wiper referred to causes the bar to reciprocate.
a
"
The opposite or long end of this lever is connected with a set of double-
inclined planes, connected together and placed in a vertical position, and
corresponding in number to the number of shuttles in use.
During the period that any particular shuttle is in operation the sliding bar
before referred to is at liberty to take its full stroke at each revolution of the
wiper which actuates it; in doing this its end nearly touches the barrel each
time, there being no pattern studs in the warp. In this condition of things the
upper end of an oscillating T-lever, afterwards described, at each oscillation
passes clear of the inclined planes referred to, and no change takes place;
but as the barrel gradually rotates step by step, and a pattern stud comes
opposite the
end of the sliding bar, the latter, in endeavouring to make its full
stroke endwise, is interrupted to the extent of the length of the stud' brought
into action, and the amount of interruption is thrown into the lever connected
with the double-inclined planes, in which case one of the said planes is brought
opposite to the T-lever before referred to." In this way the pattern studs of
various lengths operate so as to bring the different inclined planes into action
corresponding to the shuttle required.
.:
A long transverse lever with its fulcrum, near its centre is connected at the
front end by means of a connecting rod with the shuttle boxes. At its opposite

page_text: or back end is placed a weight, or other convenient appliance, to equipoise the
shuttle box and its connections.
in
In an intermediate position, between the fulcrum and one extremity of the
same lever, is centered the lower end of the T-lever before referred to, which
has an antifriction pulley at each of its
upper extremities.
Near to the end of the ordinary tappet shaft is fixed either a disc or crank
lever, with a stud and antifriction pulley, in an eccentric position. When i
motion this antifriction pulley acts on the internal edge of a scroll slide plate,
which has the said inner edge shaped in such a manner that the antifriction
pulley during portions of each revolution gives to the slide plate a lateral
motion. A flange on one side of the slide plate operates against one of the
upper extremities of the T-lever, pushing the other upper extremity past the
inclined planes, or, in the case of a change of shuttle being required, into
the inclined plane, which corresponds thereto, thus forcing the long transverse
lever up or down, as the case may be, so as to bring the proper shuttle into
action.
"
JA
To prevent injurious concussion, when it is necessary to change one or
several shuttle cells at once, a double-acting spring is made to operate on the
transverse lever as a recoil or buffer movement. In, this plan, the shuttle box
being forced downwards as well as upwards, the connecting rod which descends
from the shuttle box to the end of the transverse lever is made in such a way,
that in the event of one of the shuttles or any other obstacle being in the way
of the descent, a disconnection takes place, and the lever in acting leaves the
box behind, thus avoiding the destruction of the parts concerned. At a con-
venient part of the transverse lever is screwed a stud, which takes into notches
formed in a lever. This lever is actuated by a wiper on the tappet shaft, so
as to raise it off the stud at the instant a shift is required to be made, leaving
the transverse lever free to move to the new position when the stud takes into
another notch of the lever, that being effected by the pressure of the spring.
..1
...
A bracket fastened to the scroll slide plate operates upon a double catch
arrangement for turning the pattern barrel in either "direction, as may 'be
required.
In the arrangement for throwing the shuttle, a disc or radial arm is fastened
on each end of the ordinary tappet shaft inside the loom, which discs' or 'ärms
are each furnished with an antifriction pulley, otherwise a tappet or sweep, at
the extremity. Tliese as the shaft revolves strike the wedge-shaped extremity
of a horizontal lever, centered on a stud, and extending from the tappet shaft
towards the front of the loom, the front extremity being connected' by means
of a leather strap with the picking stick. The picking sticks, which are

page_text: placed outside the loom, have their fulcrum upon studs fastened upon the ends
of the rocking shaft. The stick at that side of the loom where the checking
arrangement is situated is made to extend upwards, passing close to the front
of the shuttle cells, so as to bring its action upon the driver as near as possible
to the centre line of the shuttle, which gives it an advantage in this respect
over the usual modes of picking applied to checking looms.
In this part of the Invention the ordinary drawback stick is dispensed
with, as the picking stick, being actuated by a spring near its fulcrum, carries
the driver back with it without any other appliance. The picking stick at the
opposite side of the loom passes through the end of the lathe, as usual in
picking arrangements of this description. A spring of a peculiar form is placed
underneath each end of the lathe for checking the backward motion of the
picking sticks, instead of the ordinary check strap.
In this Invention, the horizontal levers before referred to for communicating
the motion from the tappet shaft to the picking stick, are by preference
furnished with an annular ring or tube of caoutchouc, or other elastic sub-
stance, at the part where they are placed upon the stud, with the view of
softening the energy of its action; this lever is also furnished with a peculiar
spring to keep it in position.
The next part of the Invention refers to a mode of preventing a breaking
up of the warp when a shuttle traps in the shed, or does not reach its destina-
tion at either end of the lathe. This is intended to supersede the ordinary frog,
and also the ordinary reed escape. To effect this, slots are formed in the
double snugs at the back part of the swords or rocking trees, and pins or studs
are put through these slots, and the ordinary connecting rods of the loom are
attached to the centre part of these pins. When the loom is in motion those
pins are kept to the posterior end of the slots by means of a lever and spring,
but in the event of a shuttle not duly reaching the box, the levers are struck
out of position, the pins move forward to the other end of the slot, and the
stroke of the lathe being in effect shortened, no mischief is done to the web.
The remaining portion of the Invention refers to a new arrangement of
jacquard or twilling apparatus. Like the ordinary jacquard, it is applicable to
any ordinary number of levers or heddles. Pattern cards carried round in
succession by means of a polygonal barrel are used for determining the
operation of the needles and hooks.
In the improvements, the cords, instead of as usual, being perforated to suit
one pattern only, are slotted out and furnished with portable clasps, which can
be shifted to suit a variety of patterns. By means of a duplex arrangement
of levers and inclines put in motion by the tappet shaft of the loom a shed can

page_text: be formed upwards and downwards at the same time. A portion of the levers
or heddles being lifted upwards at each pick, the remainder are carried down a
similar distance at the same instant, thus getting a better. shed with less
mechanical effort, and by separating the two portions equally, causing much
less stream in the warp than in the ordinary way. In cases where it is
necessary to work the twilling movements in conjunction with several shuttles,
or when the fabric is to consist of a combination of twilling and checking, it is
occasionally preferred to dispense with the pattern barrel, already described,
and to obtain the differential action of the shuttles from the same cards which
effect the twilling, those being modified for that purpose, and supplemental
needles added, corresponding in number to the number of shuttles required;:
this is advisable in order that the twilling and checking movement may work
in perfect unison, which in practice is of great importance.
In carrying out this arrangement, the checking apparatus already described
is modified in its construction, so as to admit of being conveniently connected
with the jacquard movement, also described above.
In connection with the improvement in picking, it is occasionally preferred
to substitute for the ordinary tappet shaft a shaft similarly placed in the loom,
it's
but instead of revolving entirely round its axis, it is made to reciprocate on
axis, the reciprocation being obtained by a pinion secured on the end of the
crank shaft, driving a stud wheel of twice the diameter. Upon the latter is
an eccentric stud, which, by means of a connecting rod and another stud, is
connected with a lever on the end of the reciprocating shaft. Near to each
end of this shaft is placed a duplex lever for forming the shed of the warp, and
the radial arms with the antifriction pulleys during their vibrations operate
upon the horizontal picking levers, formerly described
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Whitesmith and William Whitesmith in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 14th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISAAC
WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and
WILLIAM WHITESMITH, of the the same Place, Mechanists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her, Letters:
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of. Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said

page_text: ་་་
'
".
Isaac Whitesmith and William Whitesmith, Her special license that we,
the said Isaac Whitesmith and William Whitesmith, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Isaac Whitesmith and
William Whitesmith, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend', 'within the United Kingdom of Great Britain'
and. Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Isaac Whitesmith and William Whitesmith, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and. in what
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
> '1
P
ascer-
NOW W KNOW YE, that we, the said Isaac Whitesmith and William
Whitesmith, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in' what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described' and'
tained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
"
Our said Invention relates to various improved arrangements of looms for
weaving, and is applicable partly to the production of plain, but more par-
ticularly to fancy fabrics, such as checks and twills.
The differential alternate action of the several shuttles in looms for checked
fabrics is regulated, according to the present Invention, by the length and
position of a suitable number of studs placed in slots round the circumference
of a polyhedronal or cylindrical barrel. The contour of this barrel is formed
by a succession of equidistant longitudinal slots and ribs. This barrel is
centred upon a stationary axis, at least one half the length of which has
a screw cut upon it. Within the nave of the barrel is fastened a pin,
taking into the screw in such a way, that when the former is made to
turn on its axis in each direction a longitudinal motion is communicated
to the barrel,
rel, one complete turn
corresponding to the pitch of the screw.
On the contour of the barrel are drawn two spiral lines, forming a double-
threaded helix, and between one pair of these lines are placed the studs
intended to regulate the pattern, and between the other pair of lines the
ratchet catches, for pushing the barrel round in either direction, operate, and
here also are placed the pins required to reverse the action of the catches...
*1 >

page_text: Owing to a peculiarity of the mechanism, herein-after described, only one
pattern stud is required for each change of "shuttle; the intermediate- slots.
being left vacant, thus saving much time and expense in the setting up of long
patterns as compared with other plans formerly in use. By the compounds.
rotatory and longitudinal movement of the barrel the whole surface of the
barrel is in succession brought in front of the end of a reciprocating or sliding
horizontal bar, which is kept in constant motion endwise by the operation" of
a wiper on the end of the ordinary tappet shaft of the loom. ""At the other
or back end of this sliding bar is centred a lever, through the medium of
which the wiper referred to causes the bar to reciprocate.
The opposite or long end of this lever is connected with a set of double-
inclined planes, connected together and placed in a vertical position, and
corresponding in number to the number of shuttles in use.
During the period that any particular shuttle is in operation the sliding bar
before referred to is at liberty to take its full stroke at each revolution of the
wiper which actuates it; in doing this its end nearly touches the barrel-
each time, there being no pattern studs in the way. In this condition of things.
the upper end of an oscillating T lever, afterwards described, at each oscillation
passes clear of the inclined planes referred to, and no change take place; but
as the barrel gradually rotates step by step, and a pattern stud comes opposite
the end of the sliding bar, the latter, in endeavouring to make its full stroke
endwise, is interrupted to the extent of the length of the stud brought into
action, and the amount of interruption is thrown into the lever connected with:
the double-inclined planes, in which case one of the said planes is brought
opposite to the T-lever before referred to. In this way the pattern studs of
various lengths operate so as to bring the different inclined planes into action.
corresponding to the shuttle required.
"
.:
A long transverse lever with its fulcrum near its centre is connected at the
front end by means of a connecting rod with the shuttle boxes." "At its oppo-
O site or back end is placed a weight, or other convenient appliance, to equipoise
the shuttle box and its connections:
5
....
In an intermediate position, between the fulcrum and one extremity of the
same lever, is centred the lower end of the T-lever before referred to, which
has an antifriction pulley at each of its upper extremities.
Near to the end of the ordinary tappet shaft is fixed either a disc or crank
lever, with a stud and antifriction' pulley, in an eccentric position. When in
motion this antifriction pulley acts on the internal edge of a scroll side plate;
which has the said inner edge shaped in such a manner that the antifriction
pulley during portions of each revolution gives to the slide plate a lateral

page_text: motion. A flange on one side of the slide plate operates against one of the
upper extremities of the T-lever, pushing the other upper extremity past the
inclined planes, or, in the case of a change of shuttle being required, into the
inclined plane, which corresponds, thus forcing the long transverse lever up or
down, as the case may be, so as to bring the proper shuttle into action.
To prevent injurious concussion, when it is necessary to change one or
several shuttle cells at once, a double-acting spring is made to operate on the
transverse lever as a recoil or buffer movement. In this plan, the shuttle box
being forced downwards as well as upwards, the connecting rod which descends
from the shuttle box to the end of the transverse lever is made in such a
way, that in the event of one of the shuttles or any other obstacle being in
the way of the descent, a disconnection takes place, and the lever in acting
leaves the box behind, thus avoiding the distruction of the parts concerned.
At a convenient part of the transverse lever is screwed a stud, which
takes into notches formed in a lever. This lever is actuated by a wiper on
the tappet shaft, so as to raise it off the stud at the instant a shift is required
to be made, leaving the transverse lever free to move to the new position,
when the stud takes into another notch of the lever, that being effected by the
pressure of a spring.
A bracket fastened to the scroll slide plate operates upon a double catch
arrangement for turning the pattern barrel in either direction, as may bo
required.
In the arrangement for throwing the shuttle, a disc or radial arm is
fastened on each end of the ordinary tappet shaft inside the loom, which
discs or arms are each furnished with an antifriction pulley, otherwise a tappet
or sweep, at the extremity. These as the shaft revolves strike the wedge-
shaped extremity of a horizontal lever, centred on a stud, and extending
from the tappet shaft towards the front of the loom, the front extremity
being connected by means of a leather strap with the picking stick. The
picking sticks, which are placed outside the loom, have their fulcra upon
studs fastened upon the ends of the rocking shaft. The stick at that side of
the loom where the checking arrangement is situated is made to extend
upwards, passing close to the front of the shuttle cells, so as to bring its action
upon the driver as near as possible to the centre line of the shuttle, which
gives it an advantage in this respect over the usual modes of picking applied
to checking looms.
In this part of the Invention the ordinary drawback stick is dispensed with,
as the picking stick, being actuated by a spring near its fulcrum, carries the
driver back with it without any other appliance.

page_text: The picking stick at the opposite side of the loom passes through the end
of the lathe, as usual in picking arrangements of this description. A spring
of a peculiar form is placed underneath each end of the lathe for checking
the backward motion of the picking sticks, instead of the ordinary check
strap.
In this Invention, the horizontal levers before referred to for communicating
the the motion from the tappet shaft to the picking stick, are by preference
furnished with an annular ring or tube of caoutchouc, or other elastic sub-
stance, at the part where they are placed upon the stud, with the view of
softening the energy of its action. This lever is also furnished with a peculiar
spring to keep it in position.
The next part of the Invention refers to a mode of preventing or breaking
up of the warp when a shuttle traps in the shed, or does not reach its desti-
nation at either end of the lathe. This is intended to supersede the ordinary
frog, and also the ordinary reed escape. To effect this, slots are formed in the
double snugs at the back part of the swords or rocking trees, and pins or studs
are put through these slots, and the ordinary connecting rods of the loom are
attached to the centre part of these pins. When the loom is in motion these
pins are kept to the posterior end of the slots by means of a lever and spring,
but in the event of a shuttle not duly reaching the box, the levers are struck
out of position, the pins come forward to the other end of the slot, and the
stroke of the lathe being in effect shortened, no mischief is done to the web.
The remaining portion of the Invention refers to a new arrangement of
jacquard or twilling apparatus. Like the ordinary jacquard, it is applicable to.
any ordinary number of levers or heddles. Pattern cards carried round in
succession by means of a polygonal barrel are used for determining the opera-
tion of the needles and hooks.
In the improvements, the cards, instead of as usual, being perforated to suit:
one pattern only, are slotted out and furnished with portable clasps, which can
be shifted to suit a variety of patterns. By means of a duplex arrangement
of levers and inclines put in motion by the tappet shaft of the loom a shed
can be formed upwards and downwards at the same time. A portion of:
the levers or heddles being lifted upwards at each pick, the remainder.
are carried down a similar distance at the same instant, thus getting a.
better shed with less mechanical effort, and by separating the two portions
equally, causing much less strain in the warp than in the ordinary way.
In cases where it is necessary to work the twilling movement in conjunction
with several shuttles, or when the fabric is to consist of a combination of.
twilling and checking, it is occasionally preferred to dispense with the pattern.

page_text: barrel,' already described, and to obtain the differential action of the shuttles
from the same cards which effect the twilling, those, being modified for that
purpose, and supplemental needles added; corresponding in number to the.
number of shuttles required; this is advisable, in order, that the twilling and
checking movement may work in perfect unison, which in practice is of great
importance.
In carrying out this arrangement, the checking apparatus already described
is modified in its construction, so as to admit of being conveniently connected:
with the jacquard movement, also described above.
In connection with the improvement in picking, it is occasionally preferred,
to substitute for the ordinary tappet shaft a shaft similarly placed in the loom,
but instead of revolving entirely round its axis, it is made to reciprocate on its
axis, the reciprocation being obtained by a pinion screwed on the end of the,
crank shaft; driving a stud wheel of twice the diameter. Upon the latter is
an eccentric stud, which, by means of a connecting rod and another stud,. is
connected with a lever on the end of the reciprocating shaft: Near to each
end of this shaft is placed a duplex. lever for forming the shed of the warp,
and the radial arms with the antifriction pulleys during their, vibrations.
operate upon the horizontal picking levers, formerly described.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we shall
now proceed to describe the several, illustrative Figures on the explanatory,
Sheets of Drawings, which we have hereunto; appended for the purpose of.
showing certain modifications under which our improvements may be judiciously
carried out in practice.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, is an elevation or end
view of a loom as arranged with one modification of our improvements applied
thereto; Figure 2 is a plan of a portion of a loom, corresponding to Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a partially sectional elevation, taken through the mechanism for
working the shuttle, and outside the side frame of the loom; Figure 4 is a
front view of the apparatus or mechanical arrangement by means of which the
shuttle boxes are respectively brought into a line with the race, in accordance
with the requirements of the pattern; Figure 5 is a detail view of the spindle.
of the pattern barrel or mechanism upon its traversing screw, so as to obtain
the requisite amount of frictional contact therewith; Figures 6 and 7 are an
elevation and plan of an arrangement for throwing the shuttles by means of
levers actuated by the tappet shaft; Figures 8 and 9 are a plan and section
of the bush of these levers. The side frames A of the loom are of the open
rectangular kind ordinarily used. The lathe B has fitted to it at one end a
six-celled shuttle drop box C, which slides up and down in a frame D of. the

page_text: ordinary construction. The shuttle drop box and 'the pattern mechanism, by
means of which the different shuttles are alternately. brought into action in a
predetermined sequential order, primarily receive their motion' from the :
ordinary tappet shaft 'E of the loom. Upon the end of the tappet shaft is
fitted 'a cam or eccentric F, which at each revolution of the shaft comes in
contact with a conical pulley G, fitted upon a stud which projects laterally
from the spindle 'H on the raised or higher portion of the sliding bar I. The:
bar I is carried by and traverses to and fro upon the framing J, which
project's laterally from the side frame A. The sliding bar has two slots' K.in
it, through 'each of which' a bolt is passed, to attach it to the framing without
interfering with its reciprocatory traverse. The spindle H is passed through
and is carried' by' the sliding bar I. To the lower end of this spindle. is
attached the lever L; a spiral spring M is attached at one end by a pin to
the inner part of the lever L, and at the other to the framing J. This spring
is for the purpose of keeping the cone pulley G in contact with the cam F..
The free end' of the lever L has in it a pin projecting upwards, which is
inserted in a hole made in the bottom of an apparatus forming a double set. of
inclined planes, through the agency of which the shuttle boxes are raised.or
depressed, as will be presently described. The free end I' of the sliding bar. I'
extends towards the front of the loom, and is so arranged that when at. its
extreme traverse its' end nearly touches the barrel of the pattern: mechanism;
by which the succession of the shuttles is regulated. This consists of a
cylindrical or polygonal drum or barrel N, which is carried upon a shaft:0;
this shaft is fixed in the standards of the framing P. The shaft O forms the..
stationary axis on which the pattern barrel N rotates to and fro, the
longitudinal traverse of the barrel being effected by means of a pin Q passed
through a nut Q', attached to one of the arms of the barrel, and taking into
the thread of a screw cut on the shaft. The pin Q, which travels in the spiral
groove of the screw, is shown in the end view of the pattern mechanism,
Figure 1; there is also a lateral screw R, by which the nut of the barrel can.
be tightened on the periphery of the screw. This portion of the arrangement
is shown in the detached view, Figure 5. Close to the nave of the wheel' is a
small nut Q, through which the screw R passes, and presses against a
number of pieces of blanket, which fill a recess made in the nut Q. The
screw R forces the layer of blanket against the periphery of the screw,
whereby sufficient frictional pressure is obtained to prevent the barrel. N
turning round too freely, at the same time the periphery of the screw is pre-
served from injury. The object of the arrangement for obtaining this
adjustable frictional pressure is, that as the barrel is moved round by the

page_text: mechanism connected with the sliding bar I it shall stop at the instant the
action of the bar ceases, hence the advantage of being enabled to tighten
the grip of the nut as circumstances may require. A series of slots or longi-
tudinal apertures S are made in the periphery of the barrel N; these
apertures are arranged parallel to each other, the solid portion of the barrel
forming a series of bars around its circumference. Upon the periphery of the
barrel N are chased two spiral lines, forming a double helix, and corresponding
to a double-threaded screw. Between one pair of these lines the studs T for
regulating the pattern are placed; these studs act upon the extremity I of
the sliding bar I. Between the other 'pair of spiral lines U the catches for
pushing the barrel round in either direction operate, and between this pair
of lines are also placed the pins which reverse the action of the catches. This
portion of the arrangement will.. be hereafter more particularly referred to.
The lever L is attached by means of the pin at its free end to the apparatus V,
which consists of a sort of box, moving to and fro in a lateral direction in
guides on the end of the framing J, as is more clearly shown in the sectional
elevation, Figure 3, on Sheet 1 of our Drawings. The internal part of the
box V, a front view of which is shown in Figure 4, consists of a series of
double-inclined planes, corresponding in number to the number of shuttles in
use. These inclined planes rise one above another in the lower series, and
descend in like proportion in the upper, the backward portion of each incline
terminating in a segmental cavity, which forms a sort of chamber or recess to
receive a roller, hereafter referred to. The segmental cavities at the end of
each incline rise one above another, as shown in Figure 4, the recess to the
right of the Figure being the lowest of the lower series of the inclines, whilst it
forms the recess for the highest incline of the upper series. The inclines are
thus placed opposite to each other in the reverse order, the recesses common
to both series ascending from right to left in regular gradation. This apparatus
V being attached to the lever L, it necessarily moves with it, and as this lever
is moved by the motion of the spindle H, it carries with it the apparatus V.
The roller which the recesses in the apparatus V are designed to receive is
fitted to one end of a bent or L-shaped lever W, the horizontal arm of which
carries another roller X, whilst its lower end is attached to a bent lever Y.
The fulcrum of the lever Y is a stud, which projects outwards from the loom
framing; the front end of this lever is attached to the connecting rod Z, to
which the shuttle drop box C is attached. There is a mechanical arrange-
ment in connection with the rod Z for preventing concussion when changing
the shuttle cells, which will be hereafter described. At the other or backward
end of the lever Y is a weight a, or other suitable appliance, to counterpoise

page_text: the weight of the shuttle drop box and its connected parts. The connecting
rod Z of the shuttle drop box being attached to the lever Y, it is obvious that
any motion of this lever about its fulcrum will raise or depress the shuttle
cells, and this motion is in this modification so adjusted, that any particular
shuttle or sequence of shuttles may be brought into action as prearranged.
This regulated action of the lever Y is imparted to it by the vertical motion of
the lever W as its roller traverses up and down the inclined planes of the
laterally shifting box V. The lever W is kept up to the box V, and its roller
caused to ascend or descend the inclines by means of a sliding frame b, to
which a lateral motion from a disc or crank lever on the tappet shaft E is
given. The sliding frame b, which I term a scroll slide plate, is a plate of iron
having an eccentrically-shaped opening therein, in which an antifriction pulley
on the end of a crank lever works. The annular opening in the scroll-side
plate 6 is shaped in such manner that the crank lever c during a portion of its
rotation moves the slide plate b in a lateral direction. Projecting from the
face of the slide plate, and at right angles thereto, is a flange d, which at the
proper instant of time comes in contact with the roller X on the extremity of
the horizontal arm of the lever W, and pushes the roller on the other end
against the inclined plane of the box V, which at that moment is fixed in
position to receive it. The box V is held in a stationary position to receive
the arm of the lever W, and is thereafter immediately released and allowed to
return to its original position until such time as another change of the shuttle
drop box is required. And before proceeding with the description of the scroll
slide plate it may be well to describe this movement. The fixing of the box. V
and the lever Y is effected by the bell-crank lever e, the upper extremity of
which turns upon a stud e¹ projecting the loom framing. The horizontal arm
of the lever e carries a pendant wedge f, the lower part of which falls between
the angular spaces between the upper series of inclined planes, as shown in
Figure 4 on Sheet 1 of our Drawings. At the lower part of the vertical arm
of the levere is a number of notches, into which a wedge-shaped stud g,
screwed to the side of the lever Y, enters as the lever is drawn towards the
stud by the spring h, one end of which is fastened to the lever e and the other
to the framing J. The lever e is actuated by a cam i on the tappet shaft E;
this cam comes in contact with a roller on the end of the bent lever j, which
is attached to the lever e. When a change of the shuttle boxes is to be
effected, an arm k on the spindle H comes in contact with the angular part of
the bent lever j, and holds it in that position whilst the cam i, by its pressure
against the roller of the lever j, releases the notches of the vertical arm of the
lever e from the stud g, thus leaving the lever Y and shuttle boxes free to

page_text: move. At the same moment that the lever Y is released; the horizontal arm
of the lever e is depressed, and the pendant wedge f holds the box V fast
while the change is being made. When the change is made,, the wedge f is
- released from the box V, and the lever Y again held fast by the vertical arm
of the lever e, thus leaving the box V. free to come back to its normal position.
The box V. is drawn back by the action of, the spring M and the cord and
weight M', ready for the next change.
The lateral movement or change of the box V is effected by means of the
studs T, which are arranged between one pair of the helical lines on the
pattern barrel N, and act upon the end I of the sliding bar I, which is
pushed backward in proportion to their height or projection from the surface
of the barrel N. The studs T are of different heights, as shown in the end
view, Figure 1 of our Drawings, and they are so arranged, in the helical lines
appropriated to them; that the shuttles may be brought, into action in the
successive order required by the pattern to be woven. The end 12 of, the
sliding bar I in making its extreme traverse is just clear, of the barrel N when
no stud intervenes, and in this position no change of shuttle boxes will take
place, as the catch k, coming in contact with the projecting arm of the small
bell-crank lever j, carries the roller, upon the other arm out of the plane of the
cam I, and therefore leaves the. lever Y still held by the lever e. But when
the end of the sliding bar I is stopped in its forward, traverse by one of the
studs T, the conical pulley G comes in contact with the cam F, which pushes
the pulley away and turns the spindle H, to which it and the lever L are
attached, partially round; this partial rotation of the spindle is in proportion to
the distance the sliding bar I is kept back. by the height of the stud. The
motion of the spindle causes the lever L to move, the box V, to which it is
attached, inwards towards the side of the loom, the height of the studs being so
proportioned that each of the six double inclined planes may be brought
opposite the arm of the lever W, according to the order in which the studs
are arranged on the barrel N. For example, if the roller of the lever W is in
the lowest recess, or that to the right of Figure 4, and the studs are arranged
in regular gradations, the roller will successively ascend the lower series of
inclines; until it reaches the highest recess of the series. From this point the
lever. W may be made to descend. in regular order, or otherwise, but in its
descent the roller traverses over the upper series of inclines. Thus, when the
end I of the sliding bar I meets with the lowest stud in the barrel N, the
roller of the lever W is in the lowest incline, and the bottom shuttle box is in
a line with the shed; this being the position of the parts, as shown in the
Drawings. Therefore, as the roller of the lever W travels up each incline the

page_text: front end of the lever Y is depressed in proportion, and the shuttle box corres-
ponding to the incline is brought into action, that is to say, the highest of the
studs T corresponds to the highest incline in the box V, and this brings the
topmost shuttle box in a line with the race. At each throw of the shuttle the
pattern barrel N is moved' round by a movement connected with the scroll
slide plate b. To the front end of the slide plate b is attached a bracket 1,
which carries at its free end a roller m; this roller presses against the angular
piece of metal n, which forms a double-inclined plane, against which the roller
acts in its backward traverse. The angular piece of metal n is attached to a
spindle o, which slides to and fro in the longitudinal opening of the frame,
which is secured at one end to the framing J by a stud 9; this frame p rests
upon a spring r, 'the back end of which is likewise attached to the framing J.
Within the longitudinal opening of the frame p is a spiral spring s, one end: of
which abuts against the stop t, which forms a part of the frame p, and a guide
for the spindle o; the other end of the spring presses against the back of the
angular piece of metal n. The spring s tends to push the spindle o towards
the pattern barrel N, but this motion is controlled by the roller m acting
upon the inside of the angular piece of metal n. As the slide plate b and
bracket come forward by the rotatory action of the crank lever c, the spindle
o and angular piece of metal n' follow the roller m,' when the roller reaches the
incline of the wedge-shaped catch u; by that time the point of the spindle o
has entered the slot S, which is in a horizontal line with it. The further
traverse of the roller m up the incline depresses the point of the frame p
a sufficient distance to bring the next slot of the pattern barrel N in a
horizontal line with the normal position of the spindle o. Thus, in this
example the patten barrel N is moved in the direction of the arrow, shewn in
Figure 3 of our Drawings. As the slide plate b recedes to make its backward
traverse, the roller m coming against the angular metal n, and as it runs to the
apex of the angles of the metal n, brings the frame p again to its horizontal
position preparatory to again moving the cylinder at the next advance of the
slide plate b. As the pattern barrel is turned round it gradually reaches
the end of the screw, from which point it is required to traverse it back again
in an opposite direction. This is effected by placing a pin V in the screw U
of the pattern barrel, which, being in the same plane as the catch u, comes
in contact with one of its projecting arms, and reverses the direction of its
inclined plane. This motion of the catch u causes the roller m and spindle o
to come under the inclined plane of the catch and turn the barrel N round
slot by slot in the contrary direction to that indicated by the arrow in Figure
3. A pin being inserted in the barrel N to turn the catch when it reaches

page_text: the opposite extremity of the screw, will cause the barrel to traverse back-
wards and forwards upon its axis continuously. Where the exigiencies of the
pattern require the shuttle boxes to be changed, for example, from the topmost
to the lowest of the series, or vice versa, the arrangement shown in the
Drawings as fitted to the connecting rod Z is useful for avoiding injurious
concussion from the sudden motion. The lower end of the connecting rod
passes through a guide box V', which is attached to the end of the lever Y,
and forms a duplex connecting rod. There is a shoulder made on the con-
necting rod Z to prevent it descending beyond the proper point, and it is
connected to the lever Y by a spiral spring W, one end of which is fastened
to the rod Z and the other to the stud at the end of the lever Y. Upon the
lever Y being suddenly depressed, by the action of the lever W changing its
position in the box V, the concussion is avoided by the spring w yielding, and
thereby lengthening for the instant the connecting rod Z. This arrangement
also prevents injury in case a shuttle should not properly enter its box, and is
caught between the lathe and the box during the descent of the latter, the
resilience of the spring preventing any injury or breakage of the parts. The
lever Y has also affixed to its stud a spring X, the extremities of which are
bent inwards and project over the lever Y; this spring checks or moderates
the extreme movement of the lever Y in both directions of its motion.
In Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of our Drawings, is also shown a mode of preventing
the breakage of the warp threads when a shuttle "traps in the shed;" or does
not reach its destination in the shuttle box. At the back part of the swords
or rocking trees y of the lathe, there are formed double snugs, in which the
slots are made. In these slots a stud or pin 1 is fitted, to which the ends of.
the connecting rods are attached at the centre part of each stud or pin.
During the ordinary action of the loom the studs of the connecting rods are
kept to the backward ends of the slots by means of two levers 2 on each side of
the snugs of the swords, the two levers 2 being fastened to a spindle 3, which
passes through the snugs of the swords; the outside lever at each side extends
forward beneath the lathe at 4. To the swords is also attached a bell-crank
lever 5, which oscillates upon a rod which extends across the loom; the
upright arm of this lever rests against the back of the shuttle boxes C, and its
horizontal arm projects forwards in front of the lathe, carrying at its extremity a
roller. When the shuttle is properly boxed the upright arm of the lever 5 is
pressed slightly backwards, and this causes the roller to come in contact with
the projecting catch 6 and turn it upwards out of the way. Upon the back-
ward motion of the lathe, which carries with it the lever 5, the spring 7 presses
down the catch 6 and restores it to its horizontal position, but upon the

page_text: shuttle being caught in the shed the lever 4 comes in contact with and i is
lifted up by the catch 6; this action raises the end 4 and depresses the ends 2
and releases the studs 1 of the connecting rods, which then come forward to
the front ends of the slots Z, and the stroke of the lathe being thereby
shortened, in effect no injury is done to the warp threads. Attached to the end 4
of the lever, and to a pin in front of sword, is a spiral spring 8, which keeps
the pin I in its working position. In Figures 7 to 10, on Sheet 1 of our
Drawings, is shown an arrangement for effecting the picking action from the
tappet shaft. At each end of the tappet shaft 9 is a radial arm 10, to which
is attached an antifriction pulley 11. Each of these pulleys 11 as the shaft
revolves come in contact with the end of a horizontal lever 12, this lever, is
.centred on a stud carried by a bracket 13, which projects from the inside of
the loom framing. The front end of the lever 12 terminates in a segmentally-
shaped disc, to which the strap 14 is fastened, the other end, of the strap being
attached to the picking, stick 15. The discs to which the straps are fastened
are made in two parts, the upper one of which moves upon a central stud; the
inner edges of these, discs are serrated, so that by,moving the upper part of
the disc, to which the strap is fastened round upon its axis, the strap may be
tightened as required. The picking sticks are in this arrangement placed
outside the loom framing, and have their fulcra upon studs fastened to the
ends of the rocking shaft 16. The fulcra of the levers 12 are fitted with an
annular ring of caoutchouc, or other elastic material 17; as shown in the
enlarged plan and sectional view, Figures 8, 9; the rings of caoutchouc are
lined with brass or other metal. The interposition of the caoutchouc between
the fulcra of the levers and the studs lessens the percussive force of the pulleys
11, and makes the action of the levers 12 smoother. A bent spring 18 is bolted
to the bracket 13, and presses against a flat part of the boss of the lever 12; this
spring keeps the lever in the proper position to receive the stroke of the pulley
11 as the shaft 9 rotates. The picking stick, Figure 1, at the side of the loom,
where the shuttle drop box is fitted, passes upwards close to the front of the shuttle
cells, by which its action upon the driver is brought as nearly as possible in a
line with the centre of the shuttle. In this modification the ordinary "draw-
back" stick is dispensed with, and the stick is drawn back by a spiral spring 19,
which carries the driver back with it without requiring any other, appliance.
The arrangement of the picking stick on the opposite side is of the ordinary
kind.
Another mode of actuating, the picking sticks from a shaft similarly placed
to the tappet shaft is shown in Sheet 2 of our Drawings.
Figure 1 is an end view of a loom; and Figure 2, a plan of the two ends

page_text: partially broken away, as arranged with this part of our improvements applied
thereto. The shaft A, which is substituted for the ordinary tappet shaft,
receives a rocking or oscillatory motion from the crank shaft B, on the end of
which is a pinion C; in gear with a wheel D. This wheel is carried on a stud
fixed to the side frame of the loom; on the face of the wheel is a stud, to which
one end of the rod E is attached; its other end is fast to a lever F on the end
of the shaft A. The wheel D is double the diameter of the pinion C, so that
the shaft A receives one rocking motion during each revolution of the crank
shaft. There are two radial arms G fixed to the shaft A; these arms have at
their free ends a boss, through each of which a pin H is passed, during the
oscillatory motion of the shaft A the pins H alternately come in contact with
the pins I, which project from the ends of the two shafts J. These shafts are
arranged parallel to the side frames of the loom, and are carried in bearings,
the standards of which are bolted to the sides of the loom; one end of each of
the straps K is fastened to the segmental crank K on the shafts J, and the
other end is attached to the picking stick L; the lower part of each of the
segmental cranks round which the straps K pass is curved; as the pins H
alternately strike the pins I in their upward stroke the respective shafts J are
partially turned round; this motion jerks the straps and picking sticks towards
the centre of the loom, and thereby effects the picking action. The picking
sticks L are drawn back by a spring M, which is attached by a strap
to the lower end of the picking sticks, whilst the other end of the spring is
fastened to the rocking shaft N. The reciprocatory motion of the shaft A
also gives motion to the heddles for forming the shed. The shaft A has
connected to it two oscillating levers O, to the ends of which the bent
arms O¹ are attached, to the upper extremities of which the rods P are con-
nected; the lower ends of these rods are made with a slot, by which their
length can be adjusted. The upper ends of the rods P carry a frame Q, in
which the leaves of heddles R are stretched. The ends of the frame Q are
bowed or curved bars of metal Q', which travel in a guiding frame S; this
frame consists of a pair of cast-iron guides S, which are supported by the
stays T; these are bolted to a horizontal stay, running across the loom imme-
diately below the crank shaft. As the heddles are raised or depressed by the
oscillatory action of the shaft A, the bowed or curved parts Q, as they move
in the guides S, are caused to take a curved path, corresponding to the curve
of the central portion of the bows Q'. The object of moving the heddles in a
curvilinear direction instead of a perpendicular is to avoid the friction and
wearing action of the warp on the mails or eyes of the heddles as they are
lifted and depressed to form the shed. As the bows 0¹ rise and fall, the

page_text: heddles are moved to and fro, and the amount of their motion is made to
correspond to the distance the warp would move in the mails or eyes of the
heddles in shedding. In this arrangement of the shedding and picking actions,
the whole of the mechanism is greatly simplified by dispensing with the heavy.
tappet shaft, its cams for picking and shedding, and their connected gearing.
In Figures 3 to 7, on Sheet 2 of our Drawings, is shown.a new arrangement
of jacquard or twilling apparatus. Figure 3 is an end elevation of the
mechanism; Figure 4 is a vertical section; and Figure 5, a plan, corresponding
to Figure 3; Figures 6 and 7 is a plan and section of an improved card to be
used with the jacquard apparatus. The framing a consists of two end
standards connected by transverse ties. In the standards are two longitudinal
openings or slots b. On the exterior of each standard is a frame c, which has
two slots d, to enable it to slide to and fro in a true horizontal line on the
studs e fixed to the standards a. The frame c has also two other slots or
openings f, which diverge from each other to a distance nearly equal to the
length of the opening 6 in the standards a. Through the openings 6 the
spindles of the brander 9 and perforated wooden bar h pass, and upon the
extremities of these spindles and outside the frame c the rollers i and jare
fitted. These rollers i and j are made to correspond in diameter with the
slots fin the frame c, so that as this frame is caused to traverse to and fro the
rollers are caused to approach or recede from each other. By this means the
brander 9 and bar h are raised and depressed, in accordance with the motion of
the pair of frames c. Upon the front part of the frames c is fitted the bearings
of the spindle k, which carries the circular or polygonal barrel l, over which
the series of cards m are wound. Projecting from one end of the barrel / are
as many studs or projections n as there are sides to the barrel. A hooked
rod O is fastened at one end to the standard a; the free end of this rod slides
over the studs or projections n, and at each traverse of the frame c the barrel
is turned by the drag of the hook so as to present another card towards the
ends of a series of horizontal needles p. Below the barrel is a spring q, which
is fixed to the frame c, and presses against the projections n; this spring
serves to keep the barrel in a such position that its inner vertical face is fairly
presented to the action of the needles p. The series of needles p slide to and
fro in the guides p', and each needle has two holes in it, through which the
hooks r and s pass.
To an eye in the lower end of each hook is attached a
string, which is passed through the bar h; the string of the hook r is directly
attached to one of the heddle leaves; the string of the hook S is carried down-
wards round a pulley, or attached to a lever and fastened to the lower side of
the same leaf. Each of the needle p is furnished near its backward end with.
R 9

page_text: a small spring t, which serves to press each of the needles outwards at the
moment when there is no shed. The front ends of the frame c are connected
by a shaft and lever u to a lever on the tappet or rocking shaft of the loom,
by which the frame is traversed to and fro. At each movement of the shaft
and lever u the frame c is pushed backwards, so that the rollers i and j are
carried into the recesses f¹ at the ends of the angular slots f. The effect of
this motion is to bring the brander g and bar h nearly together, so that all the
hooks are clear of the brander, and no shed is formed. At this instant the
card barrel is brought into contact with the front ends of the needles, P, and
according to the arrangement of the spaces and solid parts of the card; the
needles p will be pushed in, and the hooks will be raised by the brander. At
the forward movement of the frame c the brander ġ and bar h again diverge,
and the hooks S of the needles, which have been pushed in by the jacquard
card; are raised by the back edge of the brander; at the same time the hooks r
of those needles which have remained unaffected by the card are raised by the
front edge of the brander. In the plan, Figure 5, those needles which are
shown as pushed back, by coming in contact with the jacquard card, have their
backward hooks s caught and raised by the back edge of the brander g, whilst
their front hooks r are depressed, being free from the front edge of the brander;
the other needles, which have passed through the card and into the space in
the barrel, have their front hooks r raised by the brander, and the back series
depressed, being clear of their brander, the heddles attached to all the series
of looks being raised or lowered in a corresponding manner. A portion of
the beddles being raised while a corresponding portion is depressed, a better
shed is obtained and with less force than by the ordinary means; at the same
time the warp is less strained, in consequence of the more equal and effective
separation of the two portions forming the shed.
Figures 6 and 7 represent a plan and section of one of the improved
jacquard "cards;" which may be arranged to suit any variety and number of
patterns. The "card" is made of an oblong plate of thin metal, by preference
of iron; the central part of the plate is cut out, forming a rectangular slot or
opening therein. There are four holes V made in the plate, through which cords
are passed to form a number of them into an endless band; as shown on the
barrel l; Figures 3 to 5. The central opening in the plate may, if required
be filled up, as shown in Figure 6, with thin brass plates W. The upper
and narrowed part of each of the plates W is passed through a small slit made
for the purpose in the iron plate; the lower part of the plates W are turned,
to admit of a wire a passing through the turned part. This projecting part
of each plate is in like manner passed through apertures made for the pur-

page_text: pose in the iron plate, and a wire X is put through the eyes of the plates W,
by which they are firmly attached to the card plate. It is obvious that these
"cards" may be arranged so as to present either plates or spaces to the action
of the needles, and may thus be made to suit any pattern, and that they may
be rearranged and used over and over again as long as the metals last.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of our Invention; but what
we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of looms for weaving
checked and figured fabrics, as herein-before described.
Second, the use and application of a pattern barrel, arranged with a pair
of helical lines chased or formed upon the longitudinal ribs thereof, and
actuating the shuttle drop box through the medium of adjustable studs, as
herein-before described.
Third, the application and use in looms for weaving check and figured
fabrics of pattern barrels, having their contour formed of alternated slots and
ribs, for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourth, the application and use for supporting and guiding the pattern
barrel of a stationary screwed or helically-formed spindle.
Fifth, the use and application of an apparatus, consisting mainly of or
presenting one or more series of inclined planes, by means of which and the
mechanism connected therewith the shuttle boxes are brought into operation
in any required sequence or order of succession, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the mechanical arrangement for preventing concussion upon the
sudden changing of the shuttle boxes, or from a shuttle becoming accident-
ally caught during the descent of the drop box, as herein-before described.
Seventh, the mechanical arrangement for turning the pattern barrel round
through a circumferential distance, equal to one slot or space at a time, and
the arrangement for reversing the motion of the barrel, as herein-before
described.
Eighth, the use and application of the mechanism for preventing the
breakage of the warp threads, as herein-before described.
Ninth, the system or mode of actuating the picking sticks directly from the

page_text: tappet shaft and drawing back the picking sticks by means of a spring or
other similar appliance, as herein-before described.
Tenth, the system or mode of effecting the picking action by means of a
shaft, to which a reciprocatory or rocking motion is communicated from the
crank shaft, as herein-before described.
Eleventh, the system or mode of preventing the friction of the warp threads
upon the eyes or mails of the heddles, by causing the heddles to move in a
curvilinear path, as herein-before described.
Twelfth, the arrangement and application of the improved jacquard
apparatus and its connected mechanism for actuating the heddles, as herein-
before described.
Thirteenth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing metal plates
to be used in lieu of the ordinary "cards" for weaving with jacquard appa-
ratus, as herein-before described.
Fourteenth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing the move-
able plates of metal "cards," so that the same may be transposed and
adapted to any number or variety of patterns, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Whitesmith, on behalf of myself
and the said William Whitesmith, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirteenth day of November, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-seven.
ISAAC WHITESMITH. (L.S.)