Improvements in Machines for Making Cakes, Biscuits, and the like.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 2nd June, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Making Cakes, Biscuits, and
the like.
I, PEMBROKE DECATOR HARTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at
No. 1835 Ridgway Terrace, in the City of Philadelphia, in the County of
Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The principal objects of my invention are first, to provide a simple, durable,
efficient and comparatively inexpensive machine for automatically depositing
several kinds of dough or other material, as dough and jam or conserve in sheets,
layers or strips or in the form of so-called drop cakes with fruit, jam or similar
material on top or within the body thereof; second, to provide a machine with two
or more dough hoppers or reservoirs having nozzles or dies connected therewith
and with suitable actuating mechanism for permitting of the automatic deposit of
the sticky or glutinous mass in regulated or controlled quantity by the action of a
movable table into different forms such as in sheets, layers or drop-cakes and in
different colored or kinds of dough, jam or other material; and third, to provide a
cake machine with two or more hoppers or reservoirs having means mounted therein
for discharging different kinds of glutinous or sticky materials through nested
nozzles communicating therewith and automatically controlled by the vertical
movement of a table to deposit on detachable appliances connected therewith the
different materials in sheets, layers or drop-cake form or the like.
My invention stated in general terms, comprises a cake machine provided with
two or more hoppers or reservoirs having rotatable feed-rollers, nested discharge
nozzles, moulds or dies connected therewith, and actuated by the movement of a
table to automatically deposit different kinds or colored materials onto a detachable
appliance connected with a conveyer adapted to travel along over a table.
My invention further consists of a cake machine provided with two or more
hoppers or reservoirs with feed-rollers and nested nozzles in direct communication
with the hoppers or reservoirs and actuated by the vertical movement of a table
to effect the deposit of the materials delivered from the hoppers or reservoirs.
My invention further consists of a cake machine provided with two or more
hoppers or reservoirs with feed-rollers having spring controlled discharge nozzles,
dies or moulds nested together and controlled by the movement of a table.
My invention further consists of a cake machine provided with a table actuated
by suitable mechanism and having two or more hoppers or reservoirs provided with
rotatable feed-rollers and with nested plunger nozzles, moulds or dies connected
therewith.
My invention further consists of a cake machine having hoppers or reservoirs
provided with rotatable feed-rollers and with detachable plunger nozzles, dies or
moulds, the construction and arrangement being such that the substances or
materials from the respective hoppers or reservoirs are automatically deposited
by the movement of a table into contact therewith.
My invention further consists of a cake machine provided with two or more
hoppers or reservoirs having feed-rollers and detachable spring controlled nozzles,
moulds or dies, the construction being such that the vertical movement of a table
automatically controls the deposit of materials from the nozzles, moulds or dies.
My invention further consists of a cake machine having a hopper with receptacles
having rotatable feed-rollers and a detachable casing provided with plunger
nozzles, moulds or dies actuated by the vertical movement of the table of the

page_text: machine to permit of the automatic deposit in regulated quantity of the materials
from the respective nozzles, moulds or dies; and
My invention further consists of the improvements in cake machines Lereinafter
fully described and claimed.
The nature, characteristic features and scope of my invention will be more fully
understood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings forming part hereof; and in which
Figure 1, is a view partly in section and partly in side elevation of a cake
machine, embodying features of my invention.
Fig. 2, is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, is a transverse sectional view of a nest of nozzles, moulds or dies,
embodying a modification of my invention.
Fig. 4, is a similar sectional view illustrating a slightly different or modified
arrangement of certain of the parts shown in Figs. 1 and 2; and
Figs. 5 and 6, are respectively front and top or plan views of the nozzles,
moulds or dies shown at the lower portion of Fig. 4.
In the drawings a, is the main-frame of the machine and a', are the standards
thereof. b, is an open top hopper or reservoir mounted above the main-frame a,
and provided with dough boxes. In the present instance three dough boxes 61, 62
and 3, are employed and each dough-box is provided with means for forcing the
material fed in through the inlet at the open top thereof out through an opening
as c, at the bottom thereof. Of course, various means may be employed for such
purpose. However, in the present instance use is made of a feed roller d,
provided with pivotal paddles, or wings d'. As the feed roller d, revolves the
paddles or wings d, are returned into contact with a guide-rib d², and into open
position for engaging the dough or other material by means of pins or lugs,
adapted to collide with a projection d. Subsequently the front edges of the
paddles or wings d', collide with the side-wall of the dough box as shown at d³,
and are thus closed, whereby the dough or other material is impelled or forced
through the outlet c. The nozzles, moulds or dies and their accessories are located
beneath the hopper b, and are detachably connected therewith by means of screws
or bolts e, so that they may be readily removed and replaced by other nozzles,
moulds or dies adapted to produce other types, kinds or qualities of cakes. In
Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, f, is a housing or casing provided with a central chamber f¹,
and with three sets of ports or channels f, and y', communicating respectively
with the outlets c, of the dough boxes of the hopper . In Figs. 1 and 2, g, g¹
and 93, are three plunger-plates afforded a range of up and down movement in the
chamber, and provided with nozzles, moulds or dies h, h' and ³, inserted in each
other or nested together. These nozzles, moulds or dies as illustrated in the above
Sgures of the drawings are circular in form, but their form may be varied according
to the required shape of the cake to be produced. The plunger plates g, y' and g³,
are normally held under the influence of the springs s, sands, in such manner
that one of the dough boxes or hoppers, for example, the dough box 63, is in
communication with the space between the upper and intermediate plates g
and g; the dough box b', is in communication with the space between the
intermediate and lower plates g¹ and g²; and the dough box 63, is in com-
munication with the space above the upper plate g. In this connection it
may be remarked that the springs 2, and s, are of increasing resiliency
or strength in the order named and that the plate g³, is provided with
feet g³, depending into range of a pan i, mounted upon the table ', or of the table
itself, so that when the table i, is raised, as will be hereinafter described, the
plates g², gand g, are raised in the order named. When the plates g² and 9', are
raised they come opposite to and close the ports f³ and f*.
In order that the above described apparatus may be more fully understood, a
description of its operation in the production of so-called pie biscuit or drop cakes
having jam or other conserve interposed between top and bottom crusts, layers or
cakes, will now be given.

page_text: The dough-box 6', contains material for the bottom crust or layer, the dough-
box 63, contains the conserve or fruit, and the dough-box 63, contains dough for the
top crust or layer. When the table ¹, rises and presents the pan i, to the nozzles,
moulds or dies, the plate 9³, is lifted, thus closing the port f³, and causing the
dough for the bottom crust or layer contained between the plates 9 and 9', to be
forced out through the nozzle, mould or die h³; and around the nozzle, mould or
die . The plate g', is then lifted thus closing the port, and causing
the conserve or fruit contained between the plates gl and g, to be forced out
through the nozzle, mould or die ¹, and around the nozzle, mould or die h,
and to be deposited upon the previously formed bottom crust. As the table ¹,
continues to rise, the plate g, is lifted, thus causing the dough for the top crust or
layer contained above the plate g, to be forced out through the nozzle, mould or
die h, and to be deposited on top of the fruit or conserve. The table ¹, then
descends, carrying with it the formed cake or biscuit, and the plates g, g' and g³,
are permitted to move under the influence of the springs s, sand into their
normal positions, in order to permit a supply of cake making material to be forced
from the dough-boxes above the respective plates g, g¹ and g², in position for
permitting of the repetition of the above described operation.
The construction and mode of operation of the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 4,
5 and 6, will now be described. In this instance the plunger plates g*, g³ and go,
are connected with each other by means of webs g', and are moved as one piece by
means of the feet g³, that rest upon a pan supported by the table or upon the table
itself and consequently constitute a plunger. Use is also made of plunger bars j
and j, provided with feet, disposed in range of the pan or table and adapted to
be shifted upwards into the ports f2 and f, in order to force the substances or
materials out of the nozzles, dies or moulds 2 and ¹. The plunger bars; and j',
and plates g', 9 and 96, are solicited downwards by means of springs s', that engage
brackets, projecting from the end portions of the hopper b, as illustrated in
Fig. 5, as soon as the table descends. In this connection it may be remarked that
the springs s, for actuating the plungers are located outside of the machine and
clear of the dough or other cake making materials, which has been found
advantageous in some cases.
The apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3, is adapted for attachment to the lower
portions of the hoppers shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4, by means of the screws or
bolts and extends wholly or partially across the same.
In this apparatus use is
made of three nozzles, moulds or dies k, k¹ and k³, as before described. The
nozzle, mould or die k, communicates with the dough box containing material for
the bottom crust; the nozzle, mould or die 2, communicates with the dough box
containing conserve or fruit, and the nozzle, mould or die k', communicates with
the dough box containing material for the top crust. These cake making materials
are forced through the respective nozzles, moulds or dies k, k' and k², solely by
means of the feed wheels or deliverers d, of the dough boxes and are distributed in
the form of sheets upon movable pans. These sheets may comprise a top and
bottom crust and an interposed layer of conserve and may be cut up into forms
suitable for pies, biscuits or Washington cakes. In the above described machines,
the top and bottom crusts are wholly separate and may be composed of different
qualities or kinds of materials especially adapted for the different purposes, thus
ensuring the production of economical and good cakes. Obviously by placing the
fruit or conserve in the dough-box 2, it is possible to cause the same to be
deposited on top of the cake.
Of course various types of mechanism may be employed for presenting the pans
or other receptacles i, to the nozzles, moulds or dies. In the present instance use
is made of an endless conveyer 1, and a table i, susceptible of a range of upward
and downward movements. m and m', are shafts journalled in the main-frame a,
of the machine, and geared together by means of gear-wheels m² and m³.
n and
n', are tight and loose pulleys by means of which power is applied to the shafts m
and m¹. One of the guide-rolls o, of the conveyer 1, is provided with pivotal

page_text: arms of and o², having pawls adapted respectively for engagement with ratchet
wheels o and ot, connected with said guide-roll o. One of these ratchet-wheels o*,
is provided with a number of teeth and is operated by means of the arm o³, and its
pawl o', in order to cause the conveyer 1, to present a pan or receptacle i, to the
nozzles, moulds or dies, in the production of cakes and in the manner above
described. The other of these ratchet-wheels o³, is provided with a single tooth
and is operated by means of the arm o', and its pawl o, in order to cause the
conveyer !, to feed the pans or receptacles rapidly towards and away from the
nozzles, dies or moulds. The arm o, is operated by a link o, adjustably connected
with a crank-arm on the shaft m', and the arm o¹, is operated through the
instrumentality of a link o, adjustably connected with a crank arm on the shaft m.
The feed-wheels or deliverers d, of the respective dough-boxes or hoppers are
provided with ratchet-wheels p, and with pivotal arms p', carrying pawls, for
rotating them in the directions indicated by the arrows. These arms p¹, are
operated through the instrumentality of links p², adjustably connected with a rocker-
arm på, actuated by a crank-pin and disc p₁, carried by the shaft m'.
In some
instances the table ', is afforded a range of upward and downward motion, as has
been stated in respect to Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, and this result is accomplished
through the instrumentality of rollers q, that run on cams q', carried by the shaft m¹.
When use is made of the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 3, the cams g', may be
dispensed with and the table i, permitted to remain at rest.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and objects of my
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A cake-machine provided with hoppers or reservoirs with rotatable deliverers
and nested nozzles, moulds or dies communicating with said hoppers or reservoirs,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
2. A cake-machine provided with spring controlled movable plungers and nested
nozzles, moulds or dies, hoppers or reservoirs and rotatable feed-rollers, substantially
as and for the purposes described.
3. A cake-machine provided with hoppers having rotatable paddle feed-rollers,
nested nozzles, moulds or dies communicating with said hoppers, spring controlled
movable plungers, a table, conveyer and means for actuating said feed-rollers, table
and conveyer, substantially as and for the purposes described.
4. In a cake-machine, a hopper provided with dough-boxes, nested nozzles, moulds
or dies communicating with said dough-boxes, feed-rollers mounted in said dough-
boxes and provided with pivotal paddles and means for operating said paddles and
actuating said feed-rollers, substantially as and for the purposes described.
5. In a cake-machine, a hopper provided with dough-boxes having feed-rollers, a
casing or housing detachably applied to said hopper and provided with ports or
channels and with a chamber, plungers working in said chamber and carrying
nested nozzles, moulds or dies, springs for permitting said plungers to move in
regular sequence and a table adapted to actuate said plungers, substantially as and
for the purposes described.
6. In a cake-machine, dough-boxes, nested nozzles, moulds or dies communicating
respectively with said dough-boxes, feed-rollers mounted in said boxes, paddles
pivotally connected with said rollers and provided with pans extending into range
of projections on the interior of said boxes, ribs for controlling said projections and
for closing said paddles and means for actuating said feed-rollers, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
7. A cake-machine provided with two or more hoppers or reservoirs having feed-
rollers, nested discharge nozzles, moulds or dies, a table and mechanism for
actuating the same to permit of the automatic discharge of materials from said
nozzles, moulds or dies onto said table, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
8. A cake-machine provided with two or more hoppers or reservoirs having feed-

page_text: rollers, nested nozzles, moulds or dies, a table and mechanism for actuating the
same to cause by the vertical movement thereof material from said nozzles, moulds
or dies to be deposited in forms or layers onto a receptacle therefor, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
9. A cake-machine provided with a reservoir, receptacles having rotatable feed--
rollers mounted therein, nested spring controlled plunger nozzles, moulds or dies
connected with said receptacles, a table and mechanism for actuating the same,.
substantially as and for the purposes described.
10. A cake-machine provided with reservoirs having rotatable feed-rollers and
nested discharge nozzles, moulds or dies, springs of varying resiliency and strength
counected with the same, plungers, a table and mechanism for actuating said feed
rollers and table, substantially as and for the purposes described.
11. A cake-machine provided with two or more hoppers having rotatable paddle
feed-rollers mounted therein, means for automatically controlling the movement of
the paddles thereof, a detachable casing provided with channels, plungers, spring
controlled nozzles, moulds or dies, a table and mechanism for actuating the same,.
substantially as and for the purposes described.
12. A cake-machine provided with hoppers having rotatable feed-rollers with
automatically operating paddles, a detachable casing provided with channels or
spaces, spring controlled plunger nozzles, moulds or dies, a table and means for
successively actuating said feed-rollers and table, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
13. A cake-machine provided with a hopper or reservoir having receptacles.
connected therewith and channels or chambers leading therefrom, rotatable paddle
feed-rollers mounted in said receptacles, a detachable casing provided with channels.
or spaces and nested spring controlled plunger nozzles, moulds or dies, a table
provided with detachable pans and mechanism for presenting said pans to said
nozzles, moulds or dies and for actuating said feed-rollers, substantially as and for
the purposes described.
14. A cake-machine provided with two or more hoppers or reservoirs for plastic
or other materials, rotatable feed-rollers, a detachable casing provided with nested
plunger nozzles, moulds or dies, springs for returning said nozzles, moulds or dies.
to their initial positions, a table provided with a conveyer for the reception of pans,
and means for automatically actuating said table and feed-rollers, substantially as.
and for the purposes described.
15. A cake-machine provided with hoppers having rotatable deliverers, a casing
provided with plungers, a web movable in said casing and provided with nested
nozzles, moulds or dies, and means for permitting of the discharge of material from.
said nozzles, moulds or dies, substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated, at Philadelphia, Pa., this 23rd day of February A.D. 1894.
PEMBROKE DECATOR HARTON,
Per J. G. Lorrain, M. Inst. E.E., M. Inst. M.E.,
Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.