IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Macaulay-Cruikshank of 135 Buchanan Street
Glasgow in the County of Lanark North Britain Consulting Engineer and
Patent Agent, for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING
WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS."-A communication from abroad by Marie
Edouard Bourgeois du Marais and Paul Doudart de La Grée, residing in
Algiers.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Macaulay-Cruikshank
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1882.
"
GEORGE MACAULAY-CRUIKSHANK of 135 Buchanan Street, Glasgow in the county
of Lanark North Britain Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS -A communication from
abroad by Marie Edourd, Bourgeois du Marais and Paul Doudart de la Grée
residing in Algiers.
This Invention relates to arrangements and constructions of apparatus for raising
water and other liquids to any height and in any quantity.
The Invention is based on the principle that any liquid contained in a receptacle
which moves with a certain velocity and which is open in the direction of its
motion maintains by the speed acquired an impulse proportionate to the movement
when the receptacle which contains it is retarded or stopped.
This Invention embraces various arrangements of apparatus for communicating
a to and fro motion to the receptacle for the liquid and by which the liquid is
raised and discharged from above at certain periods in the motion of the receptacle
the bottom of which is furnished with a clack or valve which, after confining a
certain quantity of liquid and imparting to it a certain velocity, is, when
the receptacle descends, opened by the pressure of the liquid surrounding its
lower end.
The result of this arrangement is that the quantity of liquid raised and discharged
is immediately replaced from that surrounding the base of the movable receptacle.
as, when the upward impulse acquired by the liquid is expended, the volume which

page_text: has flowed into the lower end of the receptacle is prevented from passing out by
closing of the clack or valve.
The arrangements of apparatus employed to communicate motion to the
receptacles are all constructed on the common principle that in the to and fro
motion the weight of the receptacle and of the liquid is balanced and the ascending
movement of one receptacle may be balanced by the descending movement of
another of equal weight and containing an equal weight of liquid.
The apparatus is also so combined that 1st A loss of weight produced in one
receptacle by the discharge of liquid is balanced either by a simultaneous replacing
of the weight lost or by a like loss of weight in another receptacle and that these
two inverse forces compensated by a fly wheel or its equivalent give a perfect
equilibrium at all times."
2nd That the liquid ejected in quitting the movable receptacle is received into
one or more fixed receptacles which conduct it to any height in any quantity and
by any channel sinuous or otherwise according to the dimensions and form.
3rd That if desired globules of air may be introduced into the ejector tubes
when the liquid passes thereinto by the raising of the clacks or valves the said
globules being so introduced either from above or below but preferably from below
the valves.
The ejector tubes or movable receptacles may be of a cylindrical, square or other
form in section and they may have their bases conical square rectangular or
irregularly polygonal. In the base a chamber is made in which the clack or valve
is placed and the fixed receptacle into which the liquid is discharged is formed
with an opening in the bottom baving a gland attached thereto through which the
upper end of the tube slides easily. Above the gland the tube is or may be
surrounded by a conical or inclined collar or frill which projects over the gland and
the upper extremity of the tube is or may be surmounted by a cap which ought to
project a little above the sides of the receptacle when the tube is at the extremity
of its upward stroke.
Instead of the cap the ejector tube may be provided with a simple lateral shutter
or deflector in the side nearest to the wall of the fixed receptacle to prevent the
liquid from spouting over, or the receptacle may be closed on its upper side in
which case the upper extremity of the ejector tube may be quite open or the said
end of the tube may pass up outside the receptacle and be bent down into or
towards it or it may be otherwise suitably terminated.
Under another arrangement two or more ejector tubes may have their upper
ends communicating with one conduit pipe leading to the fixed receptacle and
instead of having only one clack or valve in the lower end of each tube as
herein before mentioned two clacks superposed one above the other may be
used one of the said valves being in a chamber supported on the bottom of
the well.
The arrangement for balancing the ejector pipes or movable receptacles consists
of a horizontal balance beam or frame carried at the middle on a pin, shaft or
journal
In the ends of the beam or frame the ejector pipes, which are of the same weight
and diameter, are carried vertically and any slight imperfection of equilibrium is
or may be corrected by a counter weight capable of adjustment on the beam.
The beam or frame may be oscillated or reciprocated so as alternately to raise
and lower the movable ejector pipes at its extremities by hand or by mechanism
specially adapted for the purpose in accordance with this Invention.
For this purpose a series of four balanced toothed wheels may be used these
wheels being solid or having their outer surfaces solid and quite flat so as to
enable two bars to slide easily over them. The wheels have preferably the
greatest possible number of teeth relatively with the power to be transinitted
and they are all cast in the same mould so as to have the gearing as regular as
possible.
Two of the wheels are fixed on one axle supported in bearings placed between

page_text: the wheels and the other two are fixed and supported in the same manner on
another axle so that the wheels shall gear two and two in such a manner that one
of the axles being put in motion the other shall immediately turn in the opposite
direction. On the axle of the second pair of wheels a fly-wheel is fixed and on the
axle of the first pair is also fixed a spur pinion which receives its motion from any
suitable mover.
In order to communicate to the ejector tubes the alternate ascending and
descending motion two bars are employed which are of equal length and joined
together at one end whilst at their other ends they are connected by adjustable
pins to two of the spur wheels situated on different axles.
The frame in which the ejector tubes are carried is connected to the bars by the
pin passing through their joined ends and the said tubes are held in the frame by
pinching screws or their equivalents.
The speed of the ejector tubes in ascending and descending is preferably different
as it is found that thereby an increased effect is produced.
Under another arrangement instead of employing a double set of balanced spur
wheels one set only may be used to effect the ascending and descending motions of
the ejector tubes. These two wheels are fixed upon the same axle on which a pulley
or spur pinion is also secured and geared or connected with any suitable prime
mover. To each wheel a rod is attached at one end and at the other end to an
cjector tube the two points of attachment in each case being diametrically opposite
só as to produce a constant equilibrium.
Under another arrangement a single wheel may be used to operate the ejector
tubes in which case a lead or other metal counterweight is attached to the interior
side of the wheel at a point diametrically opposite to the point of attachment of
the ejector pipes on the exterior surface so as to produce an equilibrium,
Under another arrangement, in lieu of using a series of wheels or a single wheel,
a cranked axle is employed the cranks on which are situated diametrically opposite
to each other two and two and the ejector tubes carried in a crosshead are coupled
to the said cranks by connecting rods.
Under another modification spiral, plate, or other springs may be employed to
effect the upward movement of the ejector tubes the downward moveinent and
consequent compression of the spring being obtained by a crank and connecting
rod, wheels or their equivalent.
The ejector tube loses at the time of the ejection of the liquid a weight which is
in the maximum that of the colume of liquid ejected and if at this time the full
tube or the counterweight which served to poise it retains its weight the equilibrium
is broken. The fly wheel in certain cases serves to obviate this by two successive
compensating increases the one of force and the other of resistance.
But in cases in which this compensating action is not effective the arrangement
following and which constitutes an important part of the system is employed.
The loss of equilibrium always takes place at a point in the ascent and ceases at
a point in the descent which is at least as high as the first.
At the precise moment of ejection the extremity of the beam or frame in the
balanced elevators and of the support of the ejector pipes in the elevators with
wheels takes up and raises a weight equal to the colume of liquid ejected which
weight on the return of the beam or support remains at a fixed point until it is
again taken up at the next upward stroke.
In the ejector pipe at points above its attachment to the beam or support two
flap valves are placed these being of less diameter than the pipe and situated at a
greater distance apart than the length of one stroke of the pipe. These valves are
hinged to the pipe and at the extremity opposite to the hinge each of them is
furnished with a curved rod passing to the outside of the pipe and connected to a
vertical rod which slides in an eye or collar on a horizontal rod supported in guides.
The horizontal rod is connected to the key of a cock to which it imparts an opening
and closing movement. The cock is placed horizontally in a tube parallel with the
cjector tube and has a passage equal in diameter to its tube. It also has another

page_text: curved passage the issue of which is at the end opposite to the key and commu-
nicates with the lower end of a receiver open at the top to the atmosphere filled
with liquid and the height or length of which is determined by practice.
The stop cock tube communicates at its upper end with the fixed receptacle and
at its lower end it receives a smaller tube which is called the counterpoise tube,
and moves at the same time as the ejector tube.
When an upward current is established in the ejector tubes the flap valves are
opened which has the effect of opening the stop cocks and the counterpoise tubes
immediately receive the weight of a columo of liquid of the same height. The
diameters of this tube and of the passage through the cock are calculated in such a
way that the weight of this colume is equal to that discharged by the ejector tube.
There is thus no loss of weight.
When the current ceases the flap valves close, the stop cock is shut off and the
moving counterpoise tube continues to descend supporting only the weight of the
liquid which it contains and that of the liquid contained in the receptacle.
An important point in the system is the introduction of globules of air at
the base of the ejector tubes either from above or below the valve but preferably
from below by plunging and emerging alternately the lower end of the ejector tube
at each oscillation or by introducing air from a special channel or pipo fed by any
suitable means.
This introduction of air effects a reduction in the weight of the
liquid being raised which is of great importance and it may be effected by con-
ducting the air through a pipe placed parallel and close to the ejector tube to the
lower end of the said tube and discharging it through a valve thereinto at a point
below the valve of the ejector tube from whence it passes upwards when the said
valve is raised.
In the upper end of the air tube a valve is also placed and the tube is of such a
length that the said valve shall not be immersed in the liquid when the elevator or
ejector tube descends.
Under a modification the end at which the air is admitted to the air pipe may
be bent downwards and pass through a gland or packing into the upper end of a
fixed chamber which has at its lower part a clack or valve through which the air
is admitted from the atmosphere. The end of the air tube in the said chamber is
also provided with a valve opening in the same direction so that the chamber being
fixed and the air pipe moving with the elevator or ejector tube the air is forced
into the pipe after the manner of an air pump. In order to regulate the quantity so
introduced a stop cock is or may be provided in the lower end of the chamber.
In lieu of the air chamber the air pipe may be connected to a bellows composed
of leather or equivalent material and furnished with valves and a stop cock as in
the preceding case.
Under these arrangements the air is introduced into the ejector pipe on its
descent but it may also be introduced on the ascent of the pipe to effect which the
air tube is twice curved or bent on itself and the air chamber once in such a manner
that the upper end of the air pipe constituting the piston moves into the chamber
on the ascent of the ejector tube :
Instead of any of these apparatus a suitable arrangement of ventilators pumps
or other means of forcing and admitting the air may be employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Macaulay-Cruikshank in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th September 1882.
GEORGE MACAULAY-CRUIKSHANK of 135 Buchanan Street, Glasgow in the County
of Lanark, North Britain Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent. IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS. A communication from
abroad by Marie Edouard Bourgeois du Marais and Paul Doudart de la Grée
residing in Algiers
The said Invention relates to a system of apparatus for raising water and other
liquids to any height and in any quantity relatively with the force of resistance
and the dimensions given to the various parts of the mechanism
This system is based on the principle that any liquid contained in a recipient
which moves with a certain velocity and which is open at the point towards
which the liquid moves maintains or conserves by the speed acquired an impulse
proportionate to the movement when or after the recipient which contains it is
retarded or stopped.
The Invention embraces various arrangements of apparatus for communicating
an oscillating or too and fro motion to the recipient for the liquid which is thus
elevated and discharged from above at certain periods in the motion of the recipient.
The bottom of the recipient is furnished with a clack or valve which after having
enclosed or confined a certain quantity of liquid and on the ascent of the receptacle
having emparted a certain velocity to the liquid is again opened at the moment
when the receptacle begins to descend by the pressure on it of the outside liquid
surrounding the lower part and bottom of the said receptacle.
The result of this arrangement is that the quantity of liquid elevated and
discharged is immediately replaced from that surrounding the base of the moving
receptacle, since, when the impulse acquired by the confined liquid is arrested and
expended, the volume of liquid in the receptacle is prevented from flowing out by
the closing of the clack or valve.
Further the arrangements of apparatus employed to communicate motion to
the moving receptacles are all based on the common principle that in the recipro-
cating or too and fro motion the weight of the receptacle and of the contained
liquid is in equilibrium and that the ascent of one vessel is balanced by the
descent of another receptacle of the same weight and containing the same weight
of liquid.
The apparatus is also so combined that the loss of weight produced in one
receptacle by the discharge of liquid shall be balanced either by a simultaneous
replacement of the lost weight or by a like loss of weight from the other receptacle
and that these two inverse forces compensated by a fly wheel shall give a perfect
equilibrium at all times.
.
The apparatus is further combined in such a manner that the liquid ejected in
quitting the movable receptacle is received into one or more fixed receptacles which
conduct it to any level in any quantity and through any curved or straight
channel according to the dimensions and form of the apparatus.
Globules of air are or may be introduced into the receptacles or ejector tubes at
the same time that the liquid passes thereinto by the action of the clacks or
valves the said globules being so introduced either from above or below but
preferably from below the valves
Such is the principle the object and general description of the Invention which
is bereinafter described in detail -
:

page_text: I shall first describe the system of receptacles or ejector tubes and the elevators
employed to effect the raising of liquids and which are applicable with all the
mechanical arrangements I employ for transmitting the reciprocating or ascending
and. descending motions.
The pipe herein called the "ejector tube" is represented as of a cylindrical form
on all the figures on the appended drawings but it may have any other suitable
form in section such as a tube with a conical or rectangular base or a tube having,
for its base an irregular polygone produces the same results and the use of such
tubes is reserved.
'
The movable receptacle or ejector tube has at its lower end a chamber in which
a clack or valve is situated and the fixed receptacle into which the liquid is
discharged is formed with an opening in the bottom surmounted by a gland through
which the upper end of the ejector tube slides easily. Above the gland the ejector
tube has one or more conical or inclined collars or frills which project over the
gland and the upper open extremity of the ejector tube is or may be surmounted: 1
by a cap of sufficient size which aught to be a little elevated above the edge of
the fixed receptacle when the ejector tube is at the extremity of its upward
stroke.
Instead of the cap on the ejector tube the fixed receptacle may have a cover or
other means may be provided to prevent the liquid in discharging from spouting
over or out of the receptacle."
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings represent different types of ejector tubes
and modes of terminating them at the upper ends.
Instead of having one clack or valve only at the lower end as shown at figure 1.
each ejector tube may have two or more such valves superposed in which case the
extra valve or valves are situated in a separate chamber or pipe which is stationary,
and is or may be secured to the bottom of the well the ejector tubes sliding upwards
and downwards in the upper part of the chamber above the said extra valve ör
valves.
Figure 6 shews an arrangement of balanced elevator which communicates motion,
'to the moving receptacles or ejector tubes under the following conditions
The two ejector tubes are of the same weight and of the same internal dimen-
sions, in order that the liquid taken into the tubes at the cominencement of the
raising, operation may continue to be balanced or in equilibrium until the raising.
operation is completed and that independently of the height to which the liquid is
clevated:
a
In order that the effect may be constant a fly wheel is provided having
proportionate weight or an intermittent counterweight may be employed to coin-
pensate for the intermittent loss of weight in the tubes as hereinafter described.
As seen at figure 6 the balanced elevator carries one or several ejector
tubes A. A, A¹ A' of equal but variable diameter which are suspended at the
extremities of a horizontal balance beam B B supported at the middle of the
frame M. M. Any imperfections of equilibrium resulting from a slight inequality
in the arms of the beam B or from any other cause is easily corrected by means of
the small counterweight P. The ejector tubes are suspended at g. g. and descend
vertically into the well.
In raising the ends of the beam B alternately at a speed regulated by the length
of the stroke, part of the liquid confined in the ejector tubes by the clack or valves C
is when the tube is at or near the termination of its upward stroke discharged
through the upper open end of the tube and in lowering the ends of the beam
alternately the quantity of liquid discharged is replaced from the well L by the
opening of the valve Cas hereinbefore described.
A handle or crank may be fitted to the beam B at O by which the apparatus
may be operated by hand or the ascending and descending movements of the
beam B and of the ejector tubes A A A A¹ may be effected by a train of wheels.
Under the latter construction the wheelwork is arranged according to the various
conditions under which the apparatus is to be employed.

page_text: Figure 7 of the drawings represents an arrangement under which gearing is used
in conjunction with the apparatus and the said arrangement is based on the
principle that the discharge of liquid by projection is increased when the speed of
the moving receptacle containing it is suddenly retarded or when the speed little at
first becomes suddenly rapid
The train is composed of four toothed wheels B C D E these wheels being solid
or having their outer surfaces solid and quite flat so as to enable two bars K L to
oscillate or work easily over them. The wheels have preferably the greatest
practicable number of teeth relatively with the power to be transmitted and they.
are all cast in the same mould so as to have the gearing as regular as possible.
The wheels BC are fixed on the same axle G which rotates in bearings placed
between the wheels. The other two wheels are similarly fixed on an axle H and
so that the four wheels shall gear two and two in such a manner that one of the
axles being put in motion the other shall immediately turn in the opposite
direction. In combination with the axle H of the wheels D E a fly wheel V is
provided and which may be adapted either directly to the apparatus as shewn on
the drawings or by the intervention of any transmitter if the dimensions so
require.
On the axle G of the wheels B C a pinion F is fixed at a point to clear the fly
wheel V which pinion receives motion from any suitable prime mover so as to turn.
the axle G.
In order to communicate the alternate ascending and descending motion to the
ejector tubes A A¹ two bars K L are as already stated employed. These bars are
of the same length and of similar construction and they are joined together at one
end by a pin O their other ends being connected to the wheels B D at a tangent to
the vertical plane of the said wheels by adjustable pins inserted at corresponding
points
As seen at figure 8 the pin O is carried in brackets connected to the metal or
wooden frame in which the tubes A A¹ or intermittent counter-weights are
supported these tubes being situated in the recesses M N, M¹ N¹ and held in
position by pinching pins or their equivalents.
The wheels CE carry on their exterior faces an apparatus similar to that
described for the wheels B D
The speed of the points 0 0¹ is not the same during the ascent and descent the
proportion so as to produce the greatest discharge and otherwise to realize the
advantages of the invention is determined by experience in the special circum-
stances under which the apparatus is to be used.
Figure 10 of the drawings shows an arrangement of apparatus constructed under
this Invention and in which two wheels only to produce equilibrium of the ejector
tubes are employed and which is constructed on the same principle as the
apparatus described with reference to figures 7 and 8 and has the same advantage
of producing by more feeble means an oscillation greater than the apparatus
Figure 6.
Two wheels B C are fixed on the same axle rotating in bearings and put in
motion by the pulley F driven from any suitable prime mover. To each wheel BC
a rod is connected by a pin the two points of attachment being diametrically
opposite in relation to the axle as seen on the figure so as to produce a constant
equilibrium.
Instead of employing two wheels as at figure 10 one wheel only may be used
in which case a counterweight of lead or other metal is secured on the interior
face of the wheel at a point diametrically opposite the point of attachment of
the rod in order to balance the pipe.
For less expensive and less powerful apparatus the wheel or wheels may be
replaced by a cranked axle which gives an analogous result the cranks being
placed so as to balance each other. Figure 11 represents one arrangement of
this modification with two cranks but four six or any other practicable number of
such cranks may be used provided two and two are placed opposite to each other.

page_text: Under another arrangement illustrated at Figures 12 and 13 of the drawings a
spiral or plate spring 'may be used to effect the upward movement of the ejector
tube the downward motion and consequent compression of the spring being
produced by a crank and connecting rod wheels or other equivalent means
The ejector tube looses at the moment of ejection of the liquid a weight which
is at the maximum that of the columne of liquid ejected and if at this moment the
full tube which serves to counterpoise it (or the fixed counterweight) retained its
weight, the equilibrium would be destroyed. The fly wheel in certain cases
obviates this but in cases where the compensating action of the wheel is not
effective the arrangement following and which constitutes an important part of the
system, is employed. This loss of weight always commencing at a point in the
ascent and ceasing at a point in the descent which is at least as high as the first,
in the elevators hereinafter described a counterweight is applied to the ejector tube
at the moment of the ejection and removed when the ejection ceases
In the systems hereinbefore described and illustrated by figures 67 and 8 of the
drawings when the precise moment of ejection has been determined by practice
with the apparatus it will be sufficient that the extremity of the beam B figure 6
or the support for the tubes figures 7 and 8 should at this moment release and raise
to its suminit a weight equal to the colume of liquid discharged and that on its
return this weight should be retained by a fixed point on which it is disposed
until retaken at the next rejection.
The arrangement however illustrated at figure 14 has the special advantage of
replacing at the precise moment of ejection, determined by the current itself, the
weight which disappears by a weight mathematically equal and of the same
nature. With this object the ejector tubes A A' enclose above the point of attach-
ment of the pipe to the frame two little valves J J J J of a size less than the size
of the pipe and placed at a greater distance apart than the length of one oscillation.
These valves turn round pins fixed in the pipe itself and thus in moving describe
an are of a circle. At the extremity of each valve opposite the pin or centre is a
curved rod C C which passes through the side of the tube and is attached at its
exterior end to a vertical rod T T which slidės easily in a collar O. The ring or
collar O is fixed at the end of another rod which moves horizontally in which
position it is maintained by two eyes or collars K K. This latter rod is connected
to the key of a cock R to which it imparts a motion. The cocks R, placed in
tubes V V fixed parallet to the ejector tubes A A' are each formed with a cylin
drical opening equal in diameter to that of the tube V. They are each formed
with a kneed or bent cylindrical channel of the same diameter and of which the
opening to the exterior is at the end opposite to the key. This opening com-
municates with a fixed receptacle X open to the air full of liquid and placed at a
height determined by practice
The fixed tube V, in which the cock R is placed forms a lateral conduite to the
receptacle or fixed conductor Y and in the lower end of the said tube another
slightly smaller tube Z is inserted and which is called the counterweight tube.
This tube moves at the same time as the ejector tube and slides easily in the fixed
tube V. When the upward current is established in the ejector tube A, the
valves JJ are raised by the current the rods C move through an arc of a circle
and transinit to the plug of the cock K, a movement which opens it. The movable
counterweight tube Z immediately receives the weight of a colume of the same
liquid having the same height. The diameters of the tube Z and of the opening
of the cock are so calculated that the weight of this colume shall be equal to that
of the colume which has ceased to weigh in the ejector tube. There is thus no. loss
of weight When the current ceases the valves J J are lowered the cock R, closes
and the movable counterpoise tube Z continues to descend carrying only the
weight of the liquid contained therein and that of the liquid in the lateral
receptacle X, which communicates with the kneed channel of the cock.
Another important part of the system is the introduction of globules of air into

page_text: the lower ends of the ejector tubes and either from above or from below the clack
or valve but preferably from below.
:
This introduction of air effects an important diminution in the weight of liquid
during its upward passage through the ejector tubes which is a point of the
greatest importance. The introduction of air may be effected in various ways.
As shewn by figure 15 it may be effected by conducting air through one or several
tubes D placed parallel and close to the ejector tube to the conical lower part of
the ejector tube A and discharging the air thereinto through a valve E opening
outwards from whence it passes upwards into the lower part B of the ejector
tube A when the clack or valve therein is, in moving the said tube opened. In
the upper end of the air tube D another valve F opening inwards is placed and
the air tube is of such a length that the said valve F shall not be immersed in the
liquid at any period during the ascent or descent of the tube A.
In the arrangement shewn at figures 16 and 17 the air pipes D are also furnished
each with two valves E F only in this figure the valves E are arranged to deliver
the air into an annular space surrounding a circular trunk G which acts as the
scat of the clack or valve C. Under this arrangement four air pipes are shewn
but any other suitable number may be employed.
In the modification shewn at figure 18 the introduction of air below the valve C
is effected by an arrangement constituting an air pump. In this figure the upper
end of the air pipe D is bent downwards and passes through a packed nut or
gland L into the fixed metallic cylinder H supported on a base I, and having at its
lower end a valve J opening inwards, The upper end of the pipe D, is also
furnished with a valve opening from the cylinder E, into the pipe. Under these
conditions the cylinder H being fixed and the pipe D receiving the same motion as
the ejector tube A, the system constitutes in reality a pump which ensures the
introduction of air into the lower part of the ejector tube A. In order to regulate
the quantity of air so introduced a cock O is provided in the lower part of the
cylinder H which cock is maintained more or less open It will be seen that under
this arrangement the air is introduced to the lower end of the tube A, when the
tube is descending. It is the same in the modification shewn at figure 19 in which
the pumping and forcing of the air is effected by means of a bellows M attached to
the upper end of the air pipe D. The bellows which may be made of leather or
other convenient material is mounted on a fixed base N, and furnished with two
valves J K and a cock O, as in 'the preceding arrangement. The air may however
be also introduced into the lower end of the ejector tube A when the said tube is
ascending which arrangement presents certain advantages over the others. With
this object the air tube D, is as shewn at figure 20 twice bent on itself and the
fixed cylinder H once so that the widened part P of the tube D acts as a piston
and moves upwards in the cylinder H when the ejector tube A ascends and vice
versa This apparatus is also provided with valves J K and a cock O as and for
the purposes herein before described. The same result may also be obtained by
means of a bellows similar to that shewn at figure 19. This application of air may
be made not only with ejector tubes having one clack or valve only in their lower
ends as shewn but also with ejector tubes having two or more such valves and it is
also to be understood that I do not confine myself to introduce air by the means
shewn as the air may be introduced by means independent of the play of the
elevator tubes as for example by ventilators pumps etc or any other kind of
apparatus suitable for the purpose.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention as communicated to me by my Foreign correspondents I would observe
in conclusion that what is considered to be novel and original is the system of
elevators herein before described and based on the employment of clevator tubes
furnished at their lower ends with one or several clacks or valves and having an
alternate ascending and descending movement imparted to them with variable
regularity and variable length of stroke; the means employed to effect this
alternative movement giving at the same time a powerful impetus to the liquid

page_text: and constantly equilibriating the movement of the injector tubes in such a manner
that the first or original force employed is less than that in all other elevating
apparatus. What therefore is claimed as the Invention secured to me by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is
First. The special arrangements of elevator tubes with one or more clacks or
valves at their lower ends hereinbefore described and in part shewn on the drawings
hereunto appended.
Second. The arrangements together and in detail of the various apparatus
hereinbefore described for transmitting to the ejector tubes an intermittent
ascending and descending motion whether such apparatus is oscillating or
rotatative with or without springs or counterweights to simple or multiple
equibibrium wheels & in order to permit if desired of an accelerated ascent
and of a retarded descent effected as indicated under the system with double
equilibrium wheels all these apparatus being based on the common principle that
the weight of the moving receptacle and of the liquid is equilibriated in all
positions.
Third. The system of intermittent counterweight tubes hereinbefore described
and shown in order to ensure the regularity and the perfect equilibrium of the
system in all its positions.
Fourth. The employment of air in the elevator tubes in order to reduce the
weight of the colume of liquid being raised the said employment of air being
applicable with ejector tubes having one or several clacks or valves superposed as
herein before described the air being introduced into the ejector tubes either by the
movement of the said tubes themselves or by other and independent means such as
pumps ventilators & ca
Fifth. The facultative. utilization of the apparatus herein before described in
raising liquid to an unlimited height for the driving of turbines or hydraulic
wheels and thus serving for industrial purposes
In Witness Whereof I the said George Macaulay-Cruikshank have herunto
set my Hand and Seal this Twenty Second day of September in the year
of our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Eighty two.