Improvements in the Arrangement of, and relating to. Packing Leathers or Collars in the Distributing-devices of Hydraulic and Pneumatic Motors and Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Cate of Application, 20th June, 1894-Accepted. 4th Aug., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Arrangement of, and relating to. Packing
Leathers or Collars in the Distributing-devices of Hydraulic and
Pneumatic Motors and Machines.
I, EMIL KASELOWSKY, of 17/18 Chaussee Strasse, Berlin, Kingdom of
Prussia, Germany, Royal Counseller of Commerce, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It has long been regarded as a serious drawback, that the packing leathers or
collars used in hydraulic and pneumatic motors and machines are very soon worn
out by the shearing which they are exposed to by their rims entering the inlet or
outlet channels of the passing piston. Also the constant friction between the
piston and the collars tends to wear the latter out. The present invention,
therefore, consists in arranging the collars in such a manner, that the rims of the
latter are forced off the said channels by the pressure water that is present within,
or flows through, the hollow piston or piston-rod of the respective motor or
machine, and in combining the packing-leathers or collars with metal-rings inserted
between the collars and the respective moving part of the motor or machine, su
that by employing one or the other or both means the drawbacks afore mentioned
are perfectly avoided, and their noxious results overcome.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying
drawing, in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the different
views, and in which:
Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through the distributing-motion of a hydraulic
motor, the piston being in its extreme righthand position ;
Fig. 2 shows the piston in its extreme lefthand position;
Figs. 3 & 4 are two intermediate positions of the piston when moving from right
to left;
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through a part of the hollow piston-rod and the
shell or lining carrying the collars, this figure being drawn to a larger scale.
Fig. 6 is a section taken on line 7-8 of Fig. 5.
The piston a by means of which the pressure water is distributed contains the
inlet chamber a with the inlet-channels a² and the outlet channels a³, and
the outlet chamber a with the inlet channels a³ and the outlet channels aº.
Between the piston a and its casing bis inserted as a lining the shell c with its
five packing-leathers or collars c c c c c. Casing & forms the connection between
the inlet-pipe 6, the working pipe and the waste-pipe . The pressure-water,
on its way from pipe to pipe 2, flows through the openings of shell c, through
the channels a², chamber a¹ and channels a³ of the piston, and through the
openings of the shell. When coming from the motor or machine, the water
flows from pipe 2 to pipe b³ again through the openings c' of shell c, through the
channels, chamber a and channels a of piston a, and finally through the
openings of the shell. The opening and closing of the several channels of
piston a is effected by the various displacements of the latter, and it is during
these displacements that the collars are acted on by the water, or by the pressure
of the same respectively, as will now be more fully described.
If piston a is in its extreme righthand position, Fig. 1, the pressure water or
other medium flows from pipe through the openings of shelle and through the
inlet-channels into chamber al of the piston, and further through the outlet-
channels a³ of chamber a', and through the openings of the shell into the pipe b²,
by which latter the pressure-water or other medium is led to the respective motor
or machine. The respective medium fills also chamber a' of the piston through the

page_text: inlet-channels aª, but is prevented from escaping out of said chamber, as the outlet-
channels a are closed.
If, now,
the piston moves from right to left, the first contact between the channels
and a packing leather or collar occurs between the channels a and the collar c²,
see Fig. 3. The communication between the pipes and is interrupted then,
and the pressure of the water or other medium Rets now through the channels a on
the inner half of the collar c, so that this portion of that collar is forced off the
surface of the piston, and is, consequently, effectively prevented from entering the
channels af and from being sheared off thereby.
The next contact occurs between the channels a and the collar, Fig. 4. The
water or other medium is now under the reacting pressure of the motor or machine,
and the inner half of said collar is forced off the surface of the moving piston,
so that again no shearing off of the collar can occur.
As a matter of course, just the same happens on the return stroke of the piston.
If the stroke is but so short, as before described, contact between channels and a
collar will occur only between and a² on one side, and between and aª on
the other side. If, however, the stroke is longer, also the other collars will be
neted on by the acting or reacting pressure of the water or other medium in exactly
the same way.
Either those other collars or all of the collars employed may be combined with
metal-rings, as already mentioned in the preamble, and shown in Figs. 5 & 6. The
metal-ring is inserted between the inner portion of the collar and the movable
piston a, and is held by suitable projections or flanges of the shell c. The collar
cannot be affected, thus, by friction, and is also prevented from entering the
channels (as a') of the piston, so that wearing out and shearing off is effectively
avoided.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is :-
1. In a hydraulic or pneumatic motor or machine, the combination with the
packing leathers or collars, of a metal-ring or rings arranged between said collar
or collars and the respective movable part of the motor or machine, for the purpose
as described.
2. In a hydraulic or pneumatic motor or machine, the combination with a
hollow piston having inlet and outlet-channels, of packing leathers or collars so
nrranged that they are adapted to be forced off the channels of the passing piston
by the pressure existing within the piston, for the purpose as described.
3. In a hydraulic or pneumatic motor or machine, the combination with a
hollow piston having inlet and outlet-chambers, each with inlet and outlet-
channels, of packing-leathers or collars so arranged, that they are adapted to be
forced off the channels of the passing-piston by the pressure existing within the
piston, for the purpose as described.
4. In a hydraulic or pneumatic motor or machine, the combination with a
hollow piston having inlet and outlet-chambers, each with inlet and outlet-
channels, of packing-leathers or collars held by a special shell between the hollow
piston and its casing, said collars being so arranged, that they are adapted to be
forced off the channels of the passing piston by the pressure existing within the
piston, for the purpose as described.
Dated this 20th day of June 1894.
EMIL KASELOWSKY,
By T. E. Halford,
Agent.