CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CHARRING WOOD, PEAT, BONES. AND OTHER VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL MATTERS.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, of Horwich,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CHARRING WOOD, PEAT,
BONES. AND OTHER VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL MATTERS.
"
Sealed the 11th April 1871, and dated the 14th October 1870.
:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Ludewig
Hahn Danchell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 14th October 1870.
I, FREDERICK LUDEWIG HAHN DANCHELL, of Horwich, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CHARRING
WOOD, PEAT, BONES, AND OTHER VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL MATTERS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in charring vegetable and animal matters
in a continuous manner, that is to say, the matters to be charred are fed
in at one end of a furnace, and after passing slowly through the furnace
they are discharged ready for use. ..

page_text: The apparatus consists of an improved furnace, and in the vessels to
hold the matters to be charred. The furnace is provided with a flue
having an inclined bed supporting the cylindrical vessels containing the
vegetable or animal matters to be charred. The vessels arc removed at
intervals from the lower end of the furnace, and as soon as one vessel is
taken out all the other vessels in the furnace roll partly down the
inclined bed, thereby agitating the matters to be charred in the vessels
to present fresh portions to the action of the furnace, and leaving a
space at the upper end of the inclined bed to be filled up by a fresh
vessel. The flue in which the vessels traverse from one end of the
furnace to the other is heated by a stove of the ordinary construction,
and this heat in combination with that escaping through holes in the
vessels containing the matter to be charred is conveyed by flues into
drying chambers, which may be used to dry the peat or other vegetable
or animal matter before it is put in the vessels to be charred.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 14th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
LUDEWIG HAHN DANCHELL, of Horwich, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell,
Her special licence that I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF AND APPARATUS FOR CHARRING WOOD, PEAT, BONES, AND OTHER VEGETABLE

page_text: AND ANIMAL MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :—
D
My Invention consists, first, in charring vegetable and animal matters
in a continuous manner, that is to say, the matters to be charred are fed
in at one end of a furnace, and after passing slowly through the furnace
they are discharged ready for use.
The apparatus consists of an improved furnace, and in the vessels to
hold the matters to be charred. The furnace is provided with.a. flue
having an inclined bed supporting the cylindrical vessels containing. the
vegetable or animal matters to be charred. The vessels are removed at
intervals from the lower end of the furnace, and as soon as one vessel
is taken out all the other vessels in the furnace roll partly down the
inclined bed, thereby agitating the matters to be charred in the vessels.
to present fresh portions to the action of the furnace, and leaving a space
at the upper end of the inclined bed to be filled up by a fresh vessel..
The flue in which the vessels traverse from one end of the furnace to the
other is heated by a stove of the ordinary construction, and this heat in
combination with that escaping through holes in the vessels containing.
the matter to be charred is conveyed by flues into drying chambers,.
which may be used to dry the peat or other vegetable or animal matter
before it is put in the vessels to be charred..
•
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section of
my improved apparatus particularly suitable for charring peat..
a is the lower portion of the brickwork of the furnace, and 6 is the
arched roof; c is the fire-grate or stove, and d, the firing door. Above

page_text: the fire-grate is a fire-brick arch, the upper surface of which supports
the upper part of the inclined bed e extending from one end of the
furnace to the other. The cylindrical vessels ƒ containing the peat or
other matters to be charred are supported on the bed e, at the upper
end of which is the door g for admitting the vessels f, and at the other is
the door for taking them out; near to this door is the stop piece i,
the object of which is to hold the vessels f that are in the furnace
while the last vessel f is being removed. The vessels ƒ are made by
preference of plate iron, and they are provided with movable lids for
charging them with fresh peat or other matter, and for discharging
the same when charred; the end or ends of the vessels are made with
apertures for the escape of the gases evolved during the process of
charring

page_text: In some cases the gases escaping from the vessels f are conveyed by
pipes into suitable condensers for collecting the oil or other products.
Fig. 2 represents a section of a furnace for charring vegetable and
animal materials. In this case the bed e is horizontal, and perforated
to admit the vessels f, which are arranged by preference in double rows,
and the gases evolved during the process of charring are collected by
branch pipes k, and conveyed to the condensers or other apparatus by
the main pipe l.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described a con-
venient mode of performing the same, I wish to observe that I do not
limit myself to the details given, as they must be varied according to the
peculiar material to be charred, and I claim as my Invention,-
First. The mode of and apparatus for charring vegetable and animal
matter in a continuous manner, as shewn and described.
Secondly. The improved furnace with the inclined bed when used for
charring vegetable and animal matters, as shewn and described.
And, thirdly. Utilizing, the waste heat of charring furnaces, either
alone or in combination with the gases escaping from the vessels con-
taining the matters to be charred, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Ludewig Hahn Danchell,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
F. L. HAHN DANCHELL. (L.S.)