Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1887
Complete Left, 27th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 20th Apr., 1888
I WILLIAM HOWLEY WELLS Estate Agent of Evershot Dorset (formerly Civil
Engineer Public Work Department India) do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
When the invention is used as a water pressure engine for driving pumps or such
purposes, Pressure is applied by a pipe from a head of water, or by continuous water
pressure of any other kind, such as an accumulator, on a column of water through a
spindle, flap, ball, or other valve suitable for being tight closed by water pressure, and
weighted as hereinafter described; to one face of a plunger or piston working in a
cylinder or vessel capable of withstanding hydraulic pressure, the size and make of
this cylinder or vessel and of the plunger or piston as well as of the valves hereinafter
described being regulated by the power required or the quantity of water raised etc.
The water pressure applied having driven the plunger or piston to the end of its
stroke is gradually shut off by the plunger or piston drawing this valve on to its seat
on the outer side of the cylinder or vessel, where it is then kept tight closed by the
pressure which it shuts off from the cylinder or vessel.
When the latter is thus relieved from the pressure another spindle, flap ball, or
other valve of a similar nature seated on the inner face of the cylinder or vessel, and
which valve has hitherto been kept closed by the pressure while the piston or plunger
was being driven, and which valve is so weighted as to fall open when this pressure is
removed, then opens to allow the waste water used to escape.
The plunger or piston being loaded then returns the weight or pressure with which
it is loaded for its return stroke being regulated by the force necessary to overcome
its own friction, and that of the pump plunger or other machinery it is used to drive;
as well as to expel the water used in the last stroke, and to open the pressure column
valve for the next stroke.
Now in order that it may do the latter with the least expenditure of power; the

page_text: plunger or piston as it nears the end of its Stroke in returning, gradually closes
waste water valve, until, when the latter is almost closed the plunger, or piston strikes
a very small auxiliary valve (which is made either as part of the pressure column
valve itself or separate as may be most convenient) and presses this auxiliary valve
open against the water pressure column.
The pressure then acts on both sides of the larger pressure column valve and the
latter consequently drops by its own weight, and the full water pressure reacts on the
plunger or piston for another driving stroke, it also completes the closing of the waste
water escape valve. A collar or other appliance connected with one or other of the two
large weighted valves described, serves also to shut one or other of them in case a shut
valve accidentally opens by a shock before the plunger or piston has fulfilled its stroke,
and thus prevents both valves being open in any case together.
It is claimed that by this mode of using alternately the water pressure and dead weight
to shut and open the valves, combined with the gradual closing of the valves by the
plunger or piston at the end of its stroke, as well as by its opening a small valve
against the water pressure to allow the supply valve to drop by its own weight, a most
simple and self acting machine results, with the following advantages
1st. Waste of water power applied, and wear and tear of valves is reduced to a
minimum through having no rubbing parts or complicated machinery and which also
adapts it for using water containing impurities.
2nd. Capability of the machine to be worked by both high and low pressure in a
similar manner by simply adapting the size and make of the plunger or piston and of
the two valves with their respective weights to the pressure and work required, a single
pipe conveying the pressure to one, two, or more cylinders combined.
3rd. The dead points of the plunger or piston by this arrangement of opening and
shutting off pressure are very distinctly marked, and shocks therefore avoided as well
as slip in the pump valves.
4th. No loss by change of direction of the water column.
5th. Owing to its great simplicity the machine is capable of easy gradual lowering
in mining operations.
6th. Hand stop cocks can be used to work it when the valves are under repair, or
when at any time it is not required to be self acting.
7th. The Invention is adaptable for use in conjunction with piston or plungers of the
ordinary cylinder kind or with those of the Flexible diaphram kind.
When the invention is used as a water transmitter such as for the purpose of
changing the water in public baths etc., or to transmit a head of water from a low to
a high level.
'
In this case also the pipe supplying the working head of water to the machine is
communicated to one side only of the plunger or piston as before, but through an
ordinary spindle, flap or ball valve as in a pump, let into the cylinder or vessel in
which the plunger or piston works, and opening inwards. On this side also of the
piston another ordinary spindle, flap or ball valve is let into the cylinder or vessel
opening outwards, and communicating with the up-pipe through which the water is
required to be transmitted to any height as hereinafter described.
The weighted escapo valve for waste water, as well as the weighted valve with small
valve contained, and which are both opened and shut by the piston motion, as before
described, are in this case on the opposite side of the piston to the working pressure
head pipe.
The weighted valve with smaller valve contained in it, communicates by a down
pipe from the high level where the water is required to be transmitted, and the high
level columns therefore communicate with both sides of the piston by two different
pipes, and balance each other.
The plunger or piston is loaded nearly up to the pressure of the working head of
water on its area.
The working of the machine is as follows: the up and down pipes from the high
level being full, their valves are closed tight by pressure, and the escape valve is opened
by its own weight.

page_text: The head of water presses the loaded piston to the end of its stroke, when it
gradually shuts the escape valve, and opens the small auxiliary valve of the valve
from the high level down pipe, which opens by its own weight as previously
described.
The piston then descends by its weight, keeping the working head pipe closed by
pressure, and the water is driven through the up-pipe above the high level of the top
of the down-pipe with a force regulated by the weight of the piston, and after doing
its work above, returns through the down pipe, and escapes through the waste valve,
when the working head again acts on the loaded piston.
Both the described ways of using the water pressure engine are applicable to
pumping water, but the latter also especially so for transmitting a head of water from
a lower level to be used at a higher level.

page_text: I WILLIAM HOWLEY WELLS of Evershot Dorset Estate Agent do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The Invention is proposed to be used in two ways.
First. As a water pressure Engine Fig. 1 for driving pumps or such purposes.
In this case pressure is applied by a pipe from a head of water W or by continuous
water pressure of any other kind, such as an accumulator on a column of water;
through a spindle, flap, ball, or other valve G suitable for being tight closed by water
pressure, and weighted as hereinafter described, to one face of a plunger or piston H
working in a cylinder or vessel C capable of withstanding hydraulic pressure, the size
and make of this cylinder or vessel, and of the plunger or piston, as well as of the
valves hereinafter described, being regulated by the power required, or the quantity of
water raised etc.
2. The water pressure applied having driven the plunger or piston to the end of its
stroke, is gradually shut off by the plunger or piston drawing this valve G on to its
seat on the outer side of the cylinder or vessel, where it is then kept tight closed by
the pressure which it shuts off from the cylinder or vessel.
3. When the latter is thus relieved of the pressure, another spindle, flap, ball, or
other valve F of a similar nature seated on the inner face of the cylinder or vessel, &
which valve has hitherto been kept closed by the pressure while the piston or plunger
was being driven, & which valve is so weighted as to fall open when this pressure is
removed, then opens to allow the waste water used to escape; where more convenient,
this valve can be seated on the piston itself, or where water for driving the piston is
sufficiently plentiful to allow of wastage, the escape valve can be altogether dispensed
with, & the piston be turned loose enough to allow the water to escape at its edges
in the down stroke-Fig. 2 and 3.
4. The plunger or piston being loaded then returns, the weight or pressure with
which it is loaded for its roturn stroke being regulated by the force necessary to
overcome its own friction & that of the pump, plunger, or other machinery it is used
to drive, as well as to expel the water used in the last stroke, & to open the pressure
column valve G for the next stroke.
5. Now in order that it may do the latter with the least expenditure of power, the
plunger or piston, as it nears the end of its stroke in returning, gradually closes the
waste water valve F, until, when the latter is almost closed, the plunger or piston
strikes a very small auxiliary valve A, which is made either as part of the pressure
column valve G itself, or separate, as may be most convenient, & presses this auxiliary
valve open against the water pressure column.
6. The pressure then acts on both sides of the larger pressure-column valve G, &
the latter consequently drops by its own weight, & the full water pressure re-acts
on the plunger or piston for another driving stroke; it also completes the closing of
the waste water escape valve F.
7. A collar or other appliance connected with one or other of the two large weighted
valves described, serves also to shut one or other of them, in case a shut valve
accidentally opens by a shock before the plunger or piston has fulfilled its stroke, &
thus prevents both valves being open at once in any case.

page_text: 2ND INSTANCE.
8. When the invention is used as a water transmitter such as for the purpose of
changing the water in public baths etc, or to transmit a head of water in from a low
to a high level-Fig. 4.
9. In this case also, the pipe supplying the working head of water W to the machine
is communicated to one side only of the plunger or piston H as before, but through an
ordinary spindle or flap or ball valve D as in a pump, let into the cylinder or vessel in
which the plunger or piston works, & opening inwards.
10. On this side also of the piston another ordinary spindle, or flap, or ball valve E
is let into the cylinder or vessel, opening outwards, and communicating with the
up-pipe through which the water is required to be transmitted, to any height, as
hereinafter described.
11. The weighted escape valve for waste water F as well as the weighted valve G
with small valve A contained, & which are both opened & shut by the piston
motion as before described, are in this case on the opposite side of the piston to the
working pressure head pipe.
12. The weighted valve G with smaller valve A contained in it, communicates by a
down pipe from the high level where the water is required to be transmitted, & the
high level columns therefore communicate with both sides of the piston by two
different pipes, & balance each other.
13. The plunger or piston is loaded nearly up to the pressure of the working head
of water on its area.
14. The working of the machine is as follows;-the up & down pipes from the high
level being full, their valves G & E are closed tight by pressure, & the escape
valve F is opened by its own weight.
15. The head of water W presses the loaded piston to the end of its stroke, when it
gradually shuts the escape valve F, & opens the small auxiliary valve A of the
valve G from the high level down pipe, which opens by its own weight, as previously
described.
16. The piston then descends by its weight, keeping the working head pipe W closed
by pressure, & the water is driven through the up-pipe A, above the high level of
the top of the down pipe B, with a force regulated by the weight of the piston,
& after doing its work above, it returns through the valve G when the working head
again acts on the loaded piston.
17. Both the described ways of using the water pressure engine are applicable to
pumping water, but the latter also especially so for transmitting a head of water from
a lower level to be used at a higher level.
18. Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1st. The mode in which the water pressure, driving the piston or plunger of a
water pressure engine or pump, is conveyed thereto, & .oscapes after use through
valves alternately kept shut by pressure, & opened by weight as described in
Paras. 1, 2, 3 5 & 6 of this specification.
2nd. The weighting of the plunger or piston so as to act in connection with the
above valves as described in Paras. 4, 13 & 16 of this specification.
3rd. The method described therein of combining these weighted valves & weighted
pistons or plungers to form a water pressure engine or pump.
Dated this Twenty sixth day of January 1888.
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