Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1899
We, PETER Kossov and WASSILY WISEHEW, Inventors, and PETER SOFRONÓW,
Capitalist, all of 13, Shiraxaya (Large) Street, St. Petersburg, in the Empire of
Russia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a new system of safety locks, characterized by the use of a key
of special construction constituted by a thin and elastic metal-plate or blade preferably
of steel, provided with holes of various shape and size and diversely arranged. Cor-
responding to such holes, the lock is constructed with sliding or rotating parts, pro-
vided with teeth or pins engaging in the holes of the said key, when the latter is
inserted in the slot of the lock, thus permitting the key to actuate the bolt and
consequently open the lock.
As the holes may be of any desired number and as the coincidence of all the holes
of the key with all the pins presents an absolutely indispensable condition to allow
the key to be turned in the lock, as will be explained hereafter, it is obvious, that
the unlocking of the lock by means of a counterfeit or false key is absolutely
inadmissible.
For convenience in using this key, its handle is provided with a recess in which is
placed the thumbs of the right hand when applying the key.
In one form of our said invention the lock acts in a following manner:
The end of
To operate the lock the key is inserted in the slot of the door in such a position,
that the thumb of the right hand fits in the before mentioned recess.
the key enters in the lock casing through the slot which is cut in a tempered steel
part of the said casing and which corresponds exactly to the thickness and to the
width of the key. The key, being pushed further in and bears on the pins of the
cylinder and causes it to turn, whilst the pins enter the corresponding holes of
the key.
By pushing the key still farther in it passes by a false way until it strikes a series
of levers while a pinion on the axle of the cylinder remains notionless, by reason of a
cut out as will be hereinafter explained. The key being inserted still deeper, the
aforesaid series of levers rock on their pivot disengaging their hooked long arms.from
the lock-bolt; at the same time the pinion turns and the lock-bolt, being drawn
backward by the teeth of the pinion engaging a rack on the bolt slides in the interior
of the lock, which is then unfastened.
On withdrawing the key all the said movements are repeated in the inverse order
and the bolt is shot and the apparatus locked.
While the cylinder turns a pin presses against a curved rod and pushes it into the
pinion, until the said pin reaches the end of the aforesaid cut-out. On the inverse
motion, a spiral spring presses on the other end of the rod which in turn pushes
against the pin and returns the cylinder into the original position.
In the case of the size and the arrangement of the holes of the key not corres-
ponding to the pins of the cylinder the key would be diverted into the false way
owing to the flexible nature of the key and would not actuate the levers.
In a modification of the same system of lock, having several cylinders, provided

page_text: with pins, the unlocking of the device is performed by means of two keys of the kind
herein before described.
This lock operates as follows:
To actuate the lock, one of the keys, held as before stated, is inserted through the
door in the open slot of the lock; the extremity of the key entering into the
mechanism of the lock, presses on the pins of the first cylinder. The further entrance
of the key causes the first cylinder to turn whilst the pins of the cylinder enter
consecutively in the corresponding holes of the key which passes by the false way and
lifts the levers which releases a rod from a slide rack. Then the extremity of the
key bears on the pins of the second cylinder, which, being pressed by the said key,
turns on its axis, the pins engaging the holes of the key. which slides past the second
false way and bears on the pins of the third cylinder; at the same time a latch also
disengages from the said slide. The key being inserted still deeper, the third cylinder
turns on its axis its pins also engaging the corresponding holes of the key; the slide
rack acted on by a pinion and toothed wheel is withdrawn and uncovers the second
slot.
The
The first key is now left in the lock and the second key is taken in the same
manner, as the first one and inserted in the second slot. This key is operated in the
saine manner as the first one, until it bears on its third cylinder, which causes the
levers to move and a rod and latch to be withdrawn and release the lock-bolt.
key continuing to advance the third cylinder turns on its axis, (its pins entering into
corresponding holes in the key) a toothed wheel on the axle of the third cylinder
engaging a rack on lock bolt, the same is withdrawn and the lock unbolted.
The keys being withdrawn, the same movements take place in the inverse order
and the lock is closed.
In another modification of the lock more particularly applicable to the doors of
magazines, warehouses and the like; teeth or pins, corresponding to the holes of the
key, are disposed on prisms or slides.
The lock comprises a hollow steel cylinder in which another steel cylinder or socket
is inserted, said socket being provided with a transverse prismatic hole or passage;
the upper part of the socket is provided with a threaded part or widening in which a
ring is screwed, provided with a turning head having a slot for the key. On the
threaded lower part of the said socket a nut or head is screwed and is secured thereto
by a locking pin; the nut is provided with lateral wings. The lower part of the
outer case or cylinder is cut prismatically, on this part a corresponding securing plate
is mounted, held in place by a lock nut.
The prismatic hollow of the socket contains a device, consisting of two lateral
plates provided with inclined grooves in which slide two prismns provided with guides
or feathers corresponding to the said grooves. On the interior surfaces of said slides
pins are fixed, the shape, size and disposition of which correspond to the holes of the
key. Both the slides rest on the prismatic head of a spindle sustained by a spiral
spring. Each of the slide-plates is provided on its exterior surface with an extension
entering a corresponding recess in the exterior casing or cylinder and being capable
of movement in this recess (i.e. in and out), when the slides are acted on by the key.
The slides are provided on their upper side with cylindrical recesses, containing
rods or buttons supported by spiral springs the tension of which is inferior to
the tension of the spring of the aforesaid spindle.
The key of this lock consists of a thin steel plate or blade about one millemetre
in thickness and about 12 millimetres in width the handle of the same being
thicker the blade is provided with holes the size number and disposition of which
correspond to the pins of the slide-prisms.
The lock is inserted in a corresponding hole in the door-leaf in such a position,
that the key-slot is on the outer side of the door. The casing is then disposed in
such a manner, that the lock being closed, the wings of the nut may be in a vertical
position; the lock is secured in this position by means of a plate fixed to the rear
side of the door and by a lock nut.
To the other leaf of the door, or to the frame of the same, a plate is secured

page_text: by means of a bolt and nut; this plate is provided with an horizontal oblong
aperture or slot cut in the part of the plate, extending in the door jamb; when the
lock is open, and consequently the wing nut is in a horizontal position, this wing
nut passes easily through the slot so that the door-leaf can be pressed closely to
the said plate. Thus when the lock is closed by turning the key to the right
hand, the wing nut turns also a quarter of circle and takes up a vertical position so
that it cannot pass through the slot of the plate and thus the door is locked. To open
the door, the key is turned in the inverse direction and the wing nut again assumes
a horizontal position.
The key operates as follows:
The key being inserted in the slot of the lock passes by the pins and pushes back
the spindle compressing its spring so that the sliding-prisms being no longer
sustained by the head of the spindle yield under the pressure of the buttons or rods
and their springs and slides down, being guided by the grooves so that their
interior surfaces provided with pins are brought nearer one to another and its back
extensions come out of their recesses aud enter into the cylindrical or inner socket
whilst the pins enter in the corresponding holes of the key. The key can be then
turned to the left hand, causing the socket and the wing nut to turn on a quarter
of a circle; the latter taking up a horizontal position the door can be opened. By
turning the key to the right hand, the lock is closed.
The pins are slightly chamfered to facilitate their entering in the holes of the
key. To prevent taking a print of the pins by means of a blade coated with
wax or the like the interior edges of the key-slot are provided with thin elastic
plates which removes the layer of wax, when the blade is withdrawn from the
lock.
We will now describe a modification of the preceding system, designed more
particularly for room-doors.
This lock comprises a plate provided with a cylindrical casing and with a lateral
extending passage. In said casing an exteriorly cylindrical socket is arranged having
a prismatic hole or port and a slot in the bottom for the key. On both the sides of
the prismatic port of the socket two guide plates are disposed each of which is
provided with two inclined guide grooves forming an angle, these grooves serve to
guide two prisms or slides sliding in the said grooves by means of extensions or
tongues. The interior surfaces of the slides which can approach to or recede from
one another sliding along the grooves, are provided with pins or studs corresponding
to the holes of the key in size and arrangement. The exterior sides of the sliding
prisms are provided with extensions entering corresponding recesses of the socket,
these prisms bear on the flat head of a spring actuated spindle. In the width of the
slide-prisms recesses are cut containing buttons forced outward by springs so that
the slide-prisms tend constantly to bear on the head of the spindle and to compress
the spring of the same; the tension of which being superior to the tension of the
button spring. The end of the spindle extending outwardly from the lock, is
provided with a knob or button. In the lateral extending passage a bolt is disposed,
provided with a thinner extension. On the lower bottom of the socket a pin is secured,
engaging in a notch in the lock bolt.
The key is formed of a steel plate or blade about one millimetre thick, somewhat
thicker at the handle; the width of the blade being about 12 millimeters; it is
provided with a plurality of openings or holes of different shape and variously
arranged; these holes correspond to the pins of the sliding prisms."
To operate the lock, the key is inserted through the slot of the casing through
the port of the socket; the end of the key bears on the head of the spindle,
compressing the spring thereof; the slide prisms being then pushed down by the
springs of the buttons approaching one another and their pins engages in the
corresponding holes of the key. This movement of the slide prisms causes their
rear extensions to disengage from the recesses of the casing allowing the key to turn
the socket on its axis in the casing, the pin on the socket entering the recess in the

page_text: bolt causes the bolt to enter into the lock and the latter is thus unlocked. By
turning the key in the inverse direction the lock is closed.
The same result may be obtained by putting the knob or button on the other side
of the door and by turning the same in the one or other direction, so that from this
side the lock can be opened or closed without applying the key.
The lock is secured to the door by means of bolts.
In a further modification of the lock with rotating cylinder, the lock may be closed
or opened from the side opposite to the key slot by means of a handle or button.
This lock is in every way similar to the lock described in the hereinbefore first
described arrangement with this difference, that it is provided on the opposite side
with a movable head or button secured on a spindle; the interior head of this spindle
presses on the levers, whose hooked ends retain the lock bolt; when the button is
pressed the cross head causes the levers to rock in the same manner as the levers are
acted on by the key as herein before explained. The button is then pushed on one
side its spindle sliding in a slot, cut in the cover plate of the casing and entering into
a notch, cut in a latch, pivoted on said cover plate and pressed by a flat spring. In
this manner the lock bolt is drawn into the lock, where it is retained by the notch of
the said latch. To close the lock it is only necessary to press down the button of the
latch and the lock bolt under the action of a spring, is pushed out. This lock may
if desired be provided with duplicate key slots and working parts.
Dated this 6th day of December 1898.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
We, PETER Kossov and WASSILY WISEHEW, Inventors, and PETER SOFRONOW,
Capitalist, all of 13, Shiraxaya (Large) Street, St. Petersburg, in the Empire of
Russia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to a new system of safety-locks, characterized by the use of a
key of special construction constituted by a thin and elastic metal plate or blade
preferably of steel, provided with holes of various shape and size and diversely arranged.
Corresponding to such holes, the lock is constructed with sliding or rotating parts,
provided with teeth or pins, engaging in the holes of the said key, when the latter is
inserted in the slot of the lock thus permitting the key to actuate the bolt and
consequently open the lock.
As the holes may be in any desired number and as the coincidence of all the holes
of the key with all the pins presents an absolutely indispensable condition to allow
the key to be pushed into the lock, as will be explained hereafter, it is obvious that
the unlocking of the lock by means of a counterfeit, or false key is absolutely
inadmissible.
For convenience in using this key its handle is provided with a recess in which is
placed the thumb of the right hand when applying the key.
Referring to the accompanying drawings
Figures 1 to 7 illustrate a lock with a rotating cylinder, provided with the afore.
said pins, and the key.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation on line A B Fig. 2 of the lock casing; g the extending
part of the lock-bolt; 0¹, o¹ screws securing the lock to leaf of door; x pins on the
cylinder a pivot of the levers d; A pinion on the axle of the cylinder a.

page_text: Figure 2 isa longitudinal sectional plan view of the lock-casing e; 8 part of the wooden
or metallic leaf of the door; o' screws to secure the lock to the door; i the slot for
the reception of the key; x pins on the cylinder a; t false way for the key; d
levers; M springs of the levers; g lock-bolt; spindle entering in the recess p of
the lock-bolt g; * spiral spring wound round the spindle l.
A repre-
Figure 3 is a section showing the pinion on the axle of the cylinder a.
sents the pinion; B curved rod, sliding in said pinion; D spiral spring, acting on the
rod B; C pin, fixed in the shaft of the cylinder a; Z cut out for the stroke of the
pin C.
Figure 4 side and plan views of the key K said key being made of a thin steel plate
or blade; represent holes; and K the recess in the end of the key for the reception
of the thumb.
Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a further modification of the lock with a rotating
cylinder.
Figure 7 is a rear view of the lock, e casing of the lock; o securing screw holes;
g extending part of the lock bolt; i passage or slot for the key.
Figures 8 to 11 represent a modification of the same system of lock, having several
cylinders.
In one form of our said invention the lock acts in the following manner: the
key K is inserted in the slot i of the door in such a position that the thumb of the
right hand engages the before mentioned recess K¹. The end of the key enters in
the lock-casing through the slot i of the casing e which corresponds exactly to the
thickness and to the width of the key. The key being pushed further in bears on
the pins of the cylinder and causes it to turn, whilst the pins enter the corres-
ponding holes x² of the key.
By pushing the key still further in it passes by the false-way until it strikes
against the ends of a series of levers d while the pinion A on the axle a* of the
cylinder remains motionless; under the action of the cut-out Z, as will be herein-
after explained. The key being inserted still deeper, the aforesaid series of levers d
rock on their pivot disengaging their hooked long arins d* from the lock bolt, g;
at the same time the pinion A turns and the lock bolt, being drawn backward by the
teeth of the pinion engaging a rack c on the bolt slides in the interior of the lock,
which is then unfastened.
On withdrawing the key all the said movements are repeated in the inverse order
and the bolt is shot out and the apparatus locked.
While the cylinder a turns, the pin C (Figure 3) presses against the curved rod B
and pushes it into the pinion, until the said pin reaches the end of the aforesaid
cut-out Z. On the inverse motion, the spring D presses on the other end of the
rod B, which in turn pushes against the pin C and returns the cylinder to its original
position.
In the case of the size and the arrangement of the holes x2 of the key not corres-
ponding to the pins of the cylinder a the key would be diverted into the false way t
owing to the flexible nature of the key and would not actuate the cylinder.
Figures 8 to 11 represent a modification of the same system of lock, having several
cylinders; provided with pins; the unlocking of the device is performed by means
of two keys of the kind hereinbefore described.
Figure 8 is a sectional plan view on line E F Fig. 9. e lock casing; g lock-bolt ;
spindle, engaging the lock bolt; c rack of the lock-bolt; b toothed wheel on the
axis of a cylinder a; b¹ pinion on the axle of another cylinder a; k k cams on the
axles a* of the cylinders a; u u latches, the extremities of which engage the lock
bolt g; latch engaging the slide y²; b² toothed wheel pivoted on the wall of the
casing e.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of the lock on line C D Fig. 11; 0, 0, 0, o screw holes
for securing the lock; k¹ k¹ rods; e casing of the lock; a, a, a, a cylinders, provided
with pins x; k, kk, cams on the axles of the cylinders a; b, b1, b1, b¹ pinions on the
extremities of the shafts of the cylinders a; 62 toothed wheels, secured on the axles
of the cylinders a.

page_text: Figure 10 is an under side plan view of the opposite side of the lock, b¹, 6¹, b¹, b¹
pinions on the extremities of the axles of the cylinders a; c¹, c¹, c¹ c¹ racks actuated
by the springs 7 serving to return the cylinders a to their original position after the
withdrawal of the key.
Figure 11 represents a horizontal section of the lock; e casing of the lock, & part
of the leaf of the door; ii slots for the keys; a, a, a, a, a, a cylinders, provided
with pins ; d d levers acting on the rods ¹¹; y² slide, closing one of the slots i;
1, m, m, m springs bearing on the lock bolt y slide y2, and on the rods ¹¹; t, t, t, t
false ways for the keys; *, * partitions, separating the false ways; n n pivots of
the levers dd; spindle engaging the lock-bolt precess in the lock-bolt g for the
spindle 1.
し
This lock operates as follows:
To actuate the lock, one of the keys, held as before stated, is inserted through the
doors into the open slot of the lock; the extremity of the key entering the
mechanism of the lock, presses on the pins of the first cylinder a. The further
entrance of the key causes the first cylinder to turn whilst the pins of the cylinder
enter consecutively in the corresponding holes of the key, which passes by the false
way t and lifts the levers d, which release the rods / from the slide rack y². Then
the extremity of the key bears on the pins of the second cylinder, which, being
pressed by the said key, turns on its axis, the pins engaging the holes of the key,
which slides past the second false-way and bears on the pins of the third cylinder;
at the same time the latch u also disengages from the said slide y². The key being
inserted still deeper, the third cylinder turns on its axis, its pins also engaging the
corresponding holes of the key; the slide rack y² acted on by the pinion 61 (Figure 8)
and toothed wheel b², is withdrawn and uncovers the second slot i.
The first key is now left in the lock and the second key is inserted in the second
slot i. This key is operated in the same manner as the first one, until it bears on
its third cylinder which causes the levers d to move, and the rods and latch u to
be withdrawn and release the lock-bolt y. The key continuing to advance, the third
cylinder turns on its axis, (its pins entering into corresponding holes in the key) a
toothed wheel on the axle of the third cylinder engages the rack on the lock-bolt.
withdrawing the same, and unbolts the lock.
The keys being withdrawn, the same movements take place in the inverse order
and the lock is closed.
Referring to the modification illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 the lock may be
closed or opened from the side opposite to the key-slot by means of a handle or
button.
This lock is in every way similar to the lock shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11,
with this difference, that it is provided on the opposite side with a movable head or
button **, secured on a spindle; the interior head d** of this spindle presses on the
levers, whose hooked ends retain the lock-bolt; when the button a is pressed, the
cross-head d** causes the levers to rock in the same manner as when the levers are
acted on by the key as herein before explained. The button a** is then pushed on
one side, its spindle sliding in a slot e*, cut in the cover plate e** of the casing e and
entering into a notch e, cut in a latch e¹, pivoted at fon said cover plate and pressed
by a flat spring H. In this manter the lock-bolt is drawn into the lock, where it is
retained by the notch of the said latch. To close the lock it is only necessary to
move the button g* of the latch e¹ sideways, and the lock-bolt, under the action of its
spring is pushed out. This lock may if desired be provided with duplicate key slots
and working parts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that 'what we
claim is :-
1. In a safety lock, the combination with a key, constituted by a thin steel plate or
blade, provided with diversely arranged holes of various shapes, of one or more rota-
tive cylinders provided with pins corresponding to the holes of the key, or false-

page_text: ways for the key,-of a set of levers, of special gearing mechanism and of one or
more slots in the steel cover plate, for the insertion of the key or keys, this slot
having a shape proportioned to the size of the key substantially as described.
2. In combination with safety locks of the afore-specified kind, a key consti-
tuted by a thin steel plate or blade, provided with holes corresponding to the number,
size shape and arrangement of the pins of the rotative cylinder or cylinders or slide-
prisms of the lock, substantially as described.
Dated this 15th day of February 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, Loudon, W.C., Agents for the Applicauts.