Tram-cars, Railway Carriages, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 4th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 4th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 4th Mar., 1887.
Tram-cars, Railway Carriages, and other Vehicles.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BODIN, of Holyhead Road, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, House
Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
The first part of this invention has reference to the folding or sliding windows
known as "front lights" of Hansom cabs which as ordinarily made consist of two
glazed rectangular frames arranged to open by either sliding one over the other or by
being hinged at their meeting edges and arranged to fold together. When such
windows are closed the bottom part of the upper frame and the top part of the lower
frame cause an obstruction to the view. According to this part of my Invention
I dispense with such bottom part of the upper frame and top part of the lower frame
so as to allow an uninterrupted view through the window and I arrange for the glass
parts of the top and bottom frames to meet when the window is closed. Thus each of
my improved frames (which may either be made of wood, metal, or of a combination
of wood and metal or of other substance or substances as now used for such window
frames) has three sides only which I preferably strengthen at the corners by metal
plates. I prefer to grind the meeting edges of the glass parts of the top and bottom
frames so as to exclude draught from the vehicle as far as possible. Metal plates are
secured to the ends of the frames so as to close the side rebates and hold the glass part
in the frame. By removing such plates the glass parts are readily removed or
renewed when broken.
The second part of my Invention has reference also to sliding and folding front
lights of Hansom cabs and it consists in arranging the upper frame to act as a venti-
lator by forming it as a louvre by means of horizontal strips of glass pivotted at their
ends to the sides of the said upper frame and connected together so that they can be
turned together on their pivots in one direction to admit air to the cab or turned in
the other direction and closed. I prefer to so arrange the said louvre and the bottom
frame that if the former happens to be open when the window is being raised then
the louvre will be closed by the bottom frame sliding or folding against it.

page_text: The third part of my Invention has reference only to the sliding front lights of
Hansom cabs and it consists in applying a spiral or other spring or springs to the
upper frame where it is hinged to the cab so that when the window is released and
being lowered the said top frame will be caused by such spring or springs to turn on
its hinges quickly and to swing into its closed position before the lower frame begins
to move thereby ensuring the lower frame fairly entering its groove and sliding down
properly into its place.
The fourth part of my Invention has reference to all kinds of windows of cabs, cars,
tram-cars, railway carriages and other vehicles whether such windows are of rect-
angular, round or other shape. According to this part of my Invention I make the
window frames for holding the glass of trough shaped sheet metal drawn into, or
approximately into, the shape in cross section of the letter U and I prefer to
strengthen the corners of such frames by internal corner plates of metal rivetted or
soldered thereto. The glass is prevented from rattling in the U shaped frame by
being padded with cloth, wood, or other suitable substance between the metal and
the glass. When making a frame which entirely surrounds the edge of the glass,
such for instance as a rectangular sliding window of a car, I make a slit or opening
at the edge of the frame wide enough to allow of the glass being removed from the
frame so as to allow of the glass being readily renewed when broken. I fill up the
said slit or opening with a strip of wood or other suitable substance which may be
secured in its place by screws so as to be readily removed when required. When
applying the above described U shaped sheet metal to the frames of a front light of a
Hansom cab which frames are required to slide upon each other I solder or otherwise
attach an outer strip of metal to each side of the upper frame so as to form grooves or
channels for the lower frame to slide in and I paid the said channels with leather or
other substance to prevent the lower frame rattling therein.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
128, Colmore Row, Birmingham,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Tram-cars, Railway Carriages, and other Vehicles.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BODIN, of Holyhead Road, Wednesbury, Staffordshire, House
Decorator, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following stateinent
The first part of this Invention has reference to the folding or sliding windows
known as
"front lights" of Hansom cabs which as ordinarily made consist of two
glazed rectangular frames arranged to open by either sliding one over the other or by
being hinged at their meeting edges and arranged to fold together. When such
windows are closed the bottom part of the upper frame and the top part of the lower
frame cause an obstruction to the view. According to this part of my Invention
I dispense with such bottom part of the upper frame and top part of the lower frame
so as to allow an uninterrupted view through the window and I arrange for the glass
parts of the top and bottom frames to meet when the window is closed. Thus each
of my improved frames (which may either be made of wood, inetal, or of a combi-
nation of wood and metal or of other substance or substances as now used for such
window frames) has three sides only which I preferably strengthen at the corners by
metal plates. 1 prefer to grind the meeting edges of the glass parts of the top and
bottom frames so as to exclude draught from the vehicle as far as possible. Metal
plates are secured to the ends of the frames so as to close the side rebates and hold
the glass part in the frame. By removing such plates the glass parts are readily
removed or renewed when broken. This part of my Invention is illustrated by
Figs. 1 to 9, both inclusive, of the accompanying drawings of which Figs. 1, 2 and 3
represent a front light having folding frames and Figs. 6, 7 and 8 represent a front
light having sliding frames and Figs. 4 and 5 are an enlarged plan and elevation
respectively of the ends of the frames. Referring firstly to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5,
A is the top frame having three sides a, a, a³, and B is the bottom frame having
three sides 61, 62, 63, the bottom side of the top frame A and the top side of the bottom
frame B being dispensed with so as to give an unobstructed view through the window.
The frames A and B are hinged together at e, e. When the window is closed (see
front elevation Fig. 1 and cross-section Fig. 2) the top glass part e meets and overlaps
the bottom glass part d, the edges of the glass parts being ground. Fig. 3 represents
in cross-section the window partly raised. The corners of the frames A and B are
strengthened by metal corner plates f screwed or otherwise fixed thereto. A metal
plate is secured to the end of each of the sides of the frames (see Figs. 4 and 5) so
as to hold the glasses in the frames by closing the rebates. The glass can readily be
removed from the frame or renewed by first removing these plates g as the glass will
then either slide in or out. The frames A and B of the front light illustrated in front
elevation by Fig. 6, sectional plan by Fig. 7 and side sectional elevation by Fig. 8.
g

page_text: are constructed similarly to those frames above described with reference to Figs. 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 except that the bottom frame B is arranged to slide upon the upper
frame A in ordinary side guides attached thereto. The frames A and B are illus-
trated by Figs. 1 to 8, both inclusive, as being made of wood but as will be readily
understood they can be similarly made to each consist of only three sides when made
of metal or of a combination of wood and metal or of other substance or substances as
now used for such window frames.
The second part of my Invention has reference also to sliding and folding front
lights of Hansom cabs and it consists in arranging the upper frame to act as a
ventilator by forming it as a louvre by means of horizontal strips of glass pivotted at
their ends to the sides of the said upper frame and connected together so that they
can be turned together on their pivots in one direction to admit air to the cab or
turned in the other direction and closed. I prefer to so arrange the said louvre and
the bottom frame that if the former happens to be open when the window is being
raised then the louvre will be closed by the bottom frame sliding or folding against
it. Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate the said second part of my Invention applied to a front
light having folding frames and Figs. 14, 15 and 16 illustrate the same applied to a
front light having sliding frames and Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate on an enlarged scale in
front elevation and cross-section how the strips of glass forming the ventilator are
pivotted to the frame and connected together. In the top frame A of the folding
front light illustrated by Figs. 9 and 10 and the sliding front light illustrated by
Figs. 14, 15 and 16 the glass part c does not extend to the top of the frame the space
between its upper edge and the top of the frame being filled by two strips of glass i¹, 2,
which are pivoited at their ends to the sides of the frame and are loosely connected
together by the link by fitting at each end in a metal socket & which has a pivot
working in a hole in the side of the frame and has also a bracket to which the
connecting link is hinged. The strips of glass,, act as a louvre ventilator
as they can be turned on their pivots in one direction to admit air to the cab (see
Fig. 15) or turned in the opposite direction and closed (see Figs. 11 and 12). If the
ventilator,,happens to be open when the sliding window is being raised (sec
Fig. 15) then the bottom frame B will close it by sliding against it (see Fig. 16) in
the act of raising the window. The ventilator i,, of the folding window (Figs. 9
and 10) will similarly be closed by the bottom frame B folding against it when the
window is being raised (sec dotted lines Fig. 10). It will be evident that a single
strip of glass or more than two strips may be provided to act similarly to the two
strips, above described.
j
The third part of my Invention has reference only to the sliding front lights of
Hansom cabs and it consists in applying a spiral or other spring or springs to the
upper frame where it is hinged to the cab so that when the window is released and
being lowered the said top frame will be caused by such spring or springs to turn on
its hinges quickly and to swing into its closed position before the lower frame begins
to move thereby ensuring the lower frame fairly entering its groove and sliding down
into its place. This said third part of my Invention is illustrated by Figs. 17 to 23,
both inclusive, of the accompanying drawings of which Fig. 17 is a front view of an
ordinary sliding front light having an upper frame A and a lower frame B which
latter, when the light is being raised, by the cords or straps 1, 1, first slides upwards
on to the upper frame A and then turns upwards with it. To each top corner of the
upper frame A is fixed a pivot m, m, which work in brackets n, n, fixed to the cab
body. Around each pivot m, m, is a spiral spring o, o, similar to a clock spring the
inner end of which is connected to the pivot and the outer endo' connected to the
bracket. One of these pivots with a bracket and spring complete is shewn on an
enlarged scale in end and front elevation by Figs. 21 and 22 respectively and in plan
by Fig. 23. The act of raising the window and turning it upon its pivots m, m,
(see cross-section Fig. 18) winds the springs o, o, more tightly round the pivots m, m,
and when the window is released and being lowered the springs in uncoiling cause
the top frame A to turn on its hinges quickly the said lower frame B meanwhile
being prevented from sliding upon the upper frame by the ordinary cords or straps 1. 1.

page_text: When the top frame has turned into its closed position (see Fig. 19) the cords or
straps are slackened and the lower frame B then slides down into its place in the
ordinary side guides P, P-
The fourth part of my Invention has reference to all kinds of windows of cabs, cars,
tram-cars, railway carriages and other vehicles whether such windows are of rect-
angular, round or other shape. According to this part of my Invention I make the
window frames for holding the glass of trough shaped sheet metal drawn into or
approximately into the shape in cross-section of the letter U and I prefer to strengthen
the corners of such frames by internal corner plates of metal rivetted or soldered
thereto. The glass is prevented from rattling in the U shaped frame by being
padded with cloth, wood or other suitable substance between the metal and the glass.
When making a frame which entirely surrounds the edge of the glass, such for
instance as a rectangular sliding window of a car, I make a slit or opening at the
edge of the frame wide enough to allow of the glass being removed from the frame so
as to allow of the glass being readily renewed when broken. I fill up the said slit or
opening with a strip of wood or other suitable substance which may be secured in its
place by screws so as to be readily removed when required. When applying the
above described U shaped sheet metal to the frames of a front light of a Hansom cab
which frames are required to slide upon each other I solder or otherwise attach an
outer strip of metal to each side of the upper frame so as to form grooves or channels
for the lower frame to slide in and I pad the said channels with leather or other
substance to prevent the lower frame rattling therein. Fig. 24 represents in front
elevation and plan a sliding window for instance for a car or a railway carriage
made according to this part of my Invention; Fig. 27 represents in front sectional
elevation and Fig. 28 in side sectional elevation on an enlarged scale one of the
top corners of the same with part of the wooden strip shewn separately and Fig. 29
represents the same parts as Fig. 28 the wooden strip being replaced in the frame ;
Figs. 30 and 31 represent a section of the frame on an enlarged scale and also
show how the glass part is fixed therein; Fig. 32 represents one of the bottom
corners of the frame and Figs. 33 and 34 represent a modified section which
I use chiefly for the frames of the side lights of cabs and for other sliding and
fixed windows; Fig. 35 is a front elevation of a front light for a Hanson cab
made according to this part of my Invention and Figs. 37 and 38 represent on an
enlarged scale one of the bottom corners of the top frame or top corners of the bottom
frame of the same. The frames of the said windows are made of sheet zinc or other
sheet metal drawn into a trough-shape approximately resembling in cross-section the
letter U (see Figs. 30, 31, 33 and 34). I prefer to bend down one arm of the
U-trough and to carry it across to the other arm to which the edge is soldered at q³
thus tying the two arms together and preventing their springing apart when the glass
is inserted between them. In the window illustrated by Figs. 24 to 29, both inclusive,
the glass part is marked V and the frame W, the latter is made of four strips of zinc
similar in cross-section to that illustrated by Figs. 30 and 31 or Figs. 33 and 34 each
bottom corner being strengthened by an angle plate (see enlarged view Fig. 31)
and each top corner by a straight plate s such plates being fixed in the U-trough by
rivets passing through and by soldering. A slit or opening t is provided in one of
the sides of the frame (preferably the top side) through which the glass can be
removed or replaced so as to allow of its being readily removed when broken such slit
being filled by a piece of wood or other suitable substance u which is secured in its
place by screws which can be readily removed. The glass V is prevented from
rattling in the U-shaped frame by being padded with a strip of cloth .c or other like
material which is placed round its edges before it is inserted in the frame the space
between the edge of the glass and the bottom of the U is also filled up preferably by
a strip of wood Y.
ין
Window frames of round, oval, polygonal or other shapes can be constructed
similarly to the window frame above described with reference to Figs. 25 to 29 and 30
to 34. Figs. 35, 36, 37 and 38 illustrate this part of my Invention applied to the
frames A, B, of a front light of a Hansom cab the bottom frame B being required to

page_text: slide upon the top frame A. An outer strip of metal c¹ is soldered or otherwise
attached to each side a', a³, (see Fig. 36) of the upper frame so as to form grooves or
channels for the frame B to slide in, such groove being padded by strips of leather or
other suitable substance to prevent the frame rattling therein. At the bottom corners
of the upper frame A and the top corners of the lower frame B I solder or otherwise
firmly attach a snug (see Figs. 37 and 38) into which the screws g₁ are screwed
to secure the plates which prevent the glass part sliding out of the frame but allows
of its being readily removed when required.
3
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1st. The improvements in the front lights of Hansom cabs hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings, which
consist in constructing the frames in which the glass is fixed of three sides only
substantially as described and illustrated so as to give an unobstructed view through
the window whether the lower frame of such lights is arranged to fold against the
upper frame or to slide along the upper frame.
2nd. In a front light of a Hansom cab the combination with the upper hinged
frame A of a strip or strips of glass pivotted at their ends to the sides of such frame
so as to act as a louvre ventilator and constructed and arranged to operate substantially
as described and illustrated by Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16 of the accompanying
drawings.
3rd. In a front light of a Hansom cab consisting of an upper hinged frame and a
lower frame arranged to slide upon the upper frame, the application and use of a
spiral or other spring or springs to the hinges of the upper frame substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22 and 23 of the accompanying drawings.
4th. The construction and combination of the parts of the metallice frames of the
front lights of Hansom cabs and other windows, whether such windows are sliding or
fixed windows, as hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to Figs. 24
to 38, both inclusive, of the accompanying drawings.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.