Improvements in what are commonly known as Petroleum or Oil Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1893-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in what are commonly known as Petroleum or
Oil Engines.
We GEORG ADOLPH LIST Merchant VICTOR LIST Engineer and JAKOW
KOSAKOFF Engineer all of Haus List Sophienquai Moscow in the Empire of
Russia do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to two-cycle engines worked by gas or vapour, generated
from mineral oil or hydrocarbon liquid (hereinafter referred to as oil) and has for
its object to effect improvements in the action as regards the development of motive
power and also a simplification in the valve gear whereby the motor is rendered very
accurate and effective in its operation.
The resistance resulting from internal friction is greatly diminished by per-
manently connecting the explosion chamber of the cylinder or cylinders directly
and without valves or intermediate intercepting devices with the space in which the
explosive mixture is formed. At the same time the mixture is prevented from
coming into contact with large areas of radiating surface and is thereby prevented
from being condensed. Provision is also made for preventing waste in the form of
unconsumed gases of the oil. This is accomplished according to our invention
chiefly by not forming the explosive mixture until after the residual products of
explosion have been expelled, and the exhaust has been closed, and at the same
time by reducing the number of valves commonly employed for the admission and
In the two-cylinder
discharge of the gas and air and products of combustion.
engine hereinafter described this result is obtained with great completeness.
The discharge of the residual gases or products of combustion takes place
exclusively through circumferential orifices in the sides of the cylinder which are
opened or uncovered by the piston once only at each complete revolution of the
crank corresponding to an in and out stroke of the piston, which is made of sufficient
length to enable it to close the said orifices, except when it is at the extreme end of
the cylinder. Escape or waste of fresh unconsumed gas or vapour is prevented by
expelling the residual products of combustion by means of pure air, proceeding
from an air chamber, previous to the said circumferential orifices being covered,
and by forming the explosive mixture during the compressing of air (partly mixed
with residual products) by the injection of oil vapour into the compressing and
working chamber.
By means of the novel valve gear, or combination of mechanism for actuating the
valves provided in accordance with the objects of this invention, the oil pump, the
valve of the vapouriser and the air admission valve as well as the valves controlling
the air passages to the cylinder are caused to move in concert and at the same time,
are placed under the control of the governor in such a manner that when the
engine acquires an excessive speed the movements of the oil pump, plunger or
piston, as well as those of the vapouriser valve on the one hand, and the air valve or
valves on the other hand, are suspended so as to prevent the formation of an
explosive mixture in the interior of the engine, so that when the normal speed is
exceeded not only is the oil prevented from passing into the working cylinder, but
the air is likewise excluded whereby cooling of the cylinder and condensation of the
heavy oil vapours, is prevented, which otherwise would cause a series of abnormal
explosions to take place until the explosion chamber has regained its proper
temperature

page_text: And in order that our said invention may be fully understood, we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings, the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings illustrates in vertical section an
example of a vertical engine or motor with one cylinder, constructed according to
this invention.
Figure 2 represents the engine likewise in section, the section being taken in a
plane at right angles to the plane of the section in Figure 1.
Figure 3, represents the engine in end elevation and Figure 4 represents the
engine viewed from the opposite end to that illustrated in Figure 3.
Figures 5 and 6, drawn to a larger scale, illustrate in elevation, and partly
in vertical section the gear for working the oil pump and gear for the air
admission valve.
Figures 7 and 8 show details of a regulating or governing device connected with
the valve gear and gear for working the oil pump.
Figure 9 is a diagram of the working of an engine constructed according to this
invention, and Figure 10 represents the oil pump in vertical section drawn to a
still larger scale.
Figures 11, 12 and 13, illustrate in transverse section, longitudinal section and
end elevation respectively, a two cylinder engine constructed according to this
invention.
Referring now to the arrangement illustrated in Figures 1 to 8 of the drawings,
the cylinder A is divided into two chambers by a long piston B, forming an upper
chamber C, constituting the explosion chamber and a lower chamber D, consti-
tuting the air pump chamber. The piston transmits motion by means of a
connecting rod b to the crank shaft d. On the ascent of the piston B air is drawn
in from the atmosphere through an air admission valve e worked by the valve gear.
This air may be drawn through the hollow frame E, which may be arranged to
act as an air supply chamber. When the piston descends the air is forced into an
air chamber F the holes f in the sides of the cylinder being covered by the piston
during the first part of its descent.
Shortly before the piston reaches the lowest extremity of its stroke, the series
of holes f, commence to be uncovered, whereupon the burned gases, resulting from
the previous explosion and forming the contents of the chamber C or space above
the piston escape through these holes and are discharged through an exhaust
pipe g, thereby gradually lowering the pressure above the piston to that of the
external atmosphere. When this has taken place two air valves ' and h
(Figure 1) are opened by a forked lever i (Figures 1 and 2) and rod k, which is
moved upwards by an eccentric q' connecting rod t and sliding rods t³ and to as
hereinafter explained.
When these valves open, air passes from the air chamber F, into the explosion
chamber C, and drives the products of combustion out of the cylinder, through the
holes f, so long as the latter remain uncovered by the piston, which now
commences its upward stroke. After the openings have been covered by the
ascending piston the space above the latter is chiefly occupied by air which is
mixed with gaseous products in the lower part only. Simultaneously with the
closing of the holes f the air valves are also closed so that the air and
products above the piston are compressed by the upward movement of the latter.
Immediately after the circumferential holes fand valves ', and h² are closed a
pump G (Figure 3) forces oil into a vapouriser H, preferably constructed as
described in the Specification of our application for a Patent dated 6th April 1893,
No. 7433, in which the oil is heated and partly converted into vapour. The
vapour or mixture of spray and vapour from this vapouriser, passes into the
explosion chamber C of the cylinder A, through the valve I, which is opened with
the commencement of the compression period. On entering the chamber C, the
oil and vapour come into contact with a deflecting plate J, whereby they are

page_text: scattered and deflected on both sides of the said chamber and caused to become
intimately mixed with the air in the chamber so as to form the explosive mixture.
Before the piston B, reaches its highest position the oil pump G first ceases to
force oil vapour or vapour and spray into the vapouriser, whereupon the vapouriser
valve I closes and the mixture which is forced through the passage p to the
igniting tube o is exploded in the usual manner. The explosion spreads through
the passage p into the explosion chamber C, and causes the piston to be driven
downwards.
The igniter tube o, (Figure 2) is heated by a lamp or burner p². The hot
gases proceeding from the latter also serve to heat the vapouriser and enable the
engine to be easily started. During the working of the engine the vapouriser is
further heated by the explosions which extend into the space K.
The valves and oil pump in the arrangement shewn are worked by two
eccentrics q' and 2 upon the crank shaft d, the eccentric q', actuating the plunger
rod G¹ of the oil pump G, the air admission valve e, and the vapouriser valve I.
As represented in Figures 1, 3, 4 and 5, the valve e is opened by the aid of its
rod u and a spring s, or a similar yielding connection which moves upwards and
downwards, alternately with the reciprocating eccentric rod t. The eccentric q³,
is fixed in advance upon the shaft d, at such an angle relatively to the crank, as to
have a lead equal to about 90 degrees. This causes it to open the air supply
valve e, during the first half of the up-stroke of the piston: during the other or
latter half on the other hand the valve closes by the action of a spring s¹.
During the whole of the period, occupied by the descent of the piston, the valve
is maintained closed and the springs simply plays in a slot in the head u of the
valve rod u without moving the latter.
The eccentric rod t is connected by a pin V. V with a sliding pusher rod t¹
working in a guide M₁ and which moves idly or without action, that is, simply
slides in the said guide during the first part of the upward movement of the piston,
but after the circumferential holes f, have been again covered or closed by the
piston, this rod t' comes in contact with a movable intermediate block W, controlled
by the governor, and capable of sliding laterally, relatively to the rod t being
suspended at one end L (Figure 5) so that its other end is capable of moving
When the
upwards and downwards with the rod t' in a slot M. in the guide M¹.
block W is pushed through the slot as represented in Figure 8, it is placed between
the ends of the rods t' and t. A spring tends to depress the rod but when the
rod is pushed upwards by the action of the eccentric, and the rod t, it acts
through the block W, upon the sliding rod 2 which is connected by an arm a to
the plunger G of the oil pump G, (Figures 3, 5 and 10). To the upper end of the
said rod 2, is jointed a lever chaving its fulcrum at c¹ (Figure 2) connected to the
rod m of the vapouriser valve I at c. Consequently the rod t on being moved in
the manner aforesaid is caused to actuate the pump plunger G¹ and at the same
time opens the valve 1 of the vapouriser.
When the piston B, has completed the first half of its up stroke, the connecting
rod t commences to descend, and the sliding rod t is forced down by the action of
The
the springs, the push rod t being simultaneously moved downwards.
plunger G then draws a certain quantity of oil from the receptacle Q, and the
vapouriser valve I again closes completely shortly before the motor piston attains
its highest position.
The stroke of the oil pump piston or plunger G¹ and the quantity of oil drawn
into the pump G at each stroke is enabled to be regulated by connecting the pusher
rod t to a stud V₁ (Figure 6) arranged eccentrically to the axis of the pin V
which is provided with a handle N, by means of which it can be rotated and
retained in any desired position by the action of a spring catch 1, engaging with
notches in the periphery of a fixed disc 2 (Figures 5 and 6). By these means the
effective movement of the pusher rod t' can evidently be regulated by raising or
lowering it, and thereby correspondingly lengthening or shortening the stroke of
the oil pump plunger.

page_text: The other eccentric 92 upon the driving shaft actuates in like manner, the two
air inlet valves h¹ and h². A pusher rod t (Figures 2, 4 and 7) which is recipro-
cated vertically in a guide M by a connecting rod actuated by the eccentric g
comes in contact (immediately after the circumferential holes have been uncovered
or opened by the descent of the piston and immediately before the dead point is
reached) with an intermediate block W' or equivalent device enabling it to act
upon a vertically sliding rod t and cause the latter to act through an extension k
(Figure 2) of the said rod, and the forked or three armed lever i hereinbefore
referred to upon the two air inlet valves ' and ³, so as to depress and open the
latter. These valves remain open for the whole of the period, during which the
holes are uncovered and are then gradually closed by the action of springs & s
during the descent of the eccentric, so that as the holes f close, the valves h' h²
simultaneously return to the closed position.
So long as the intermediate blocks W and W¹ project into the guides M' M'
(see dotted positions Figures 5 and 7 and position indicated by full lines in
Figure 8) the push rods t¹³ actuated by the reciprocating connecting rods t and t*,
act upon the valves and pump in a regular manner as herein before described and
the explosions take place normally in the working cylinder A.
When owing to the engine exceeding its normal speed the balls of a governor R,
(Figure 2) carried by the crank shaft move outwards the blocks W and W' are
simultaneously drawn back by the governor rod 5 and lever arms 3 and 4
(Figures 3 and 4) so that the push rods and play in the guides M¹ M'
without acting upon the rods t and to which remain stationary. Consequently the
supply of air and oil to the explosion chamber is arrested and the explosions cease
to take place.
As the air is unable to escape from the air chamber F and space D, underneath
the working piston B, this air always remains under a certain amount of pressure
and presses upon the air supply valve e in such a manner that this valve remains
closed owing to the blade spring s, by which the valve e is normally opened, being
unable to overcome the pressure upon the valve. No fresh air is then drawn in by
the action of the piston so long as the internal pressure in the air chamber (which
diminishes by the upward movement of the piston owing to the expansion which at
the same time enables the air to assist the movement of the piston) causes the
valve e to remain closed. When the pressure diminishes (owing to the action of
the governor on the intermediate blocks W. W or by any other cause) to such an
extent as to enable the valve e to open, fresh air enters the air chamber when
the piston B ascends; the pressure in the air chamber is thus maintained uniform
in the corresponding periods when the explosions take place as well as when they
are omitted.
The two intermediate blocks W W' for controlling the action are connected
by pins L L Figures 5 and 7 to lever arms 3 and 4, fixed on opposite ends of
a rock shaft 6. This shaft is actuated as hereinafter explained, by the rod 5 and
lever 7, Figures 3, 5 and 8. In order that the intermediate blocks W W' may
be completely moved into the guides M' M² by a relatively slight movement of the
governor, one of these blocks W₁ for example is provided with a projection 8,
Figure 7 presenting an inclined surface on its upper side which is acted upon by a
correspondingly inclined surface on a fixed arm or projection 9 arranged above it.
So long as the projection 8 remains on the left hand side of the arm 9 as
represented in Figure 7, the two intermediate blocks remain out of action, their
extremities being simply supported in the slots M and M³ and the cylinder is not
charged. A slight displacement of the blocks by the action of the governor
towards the guides M' M³ causes the pusher rods and t' to act on the undersides
of the blocks W and W₁ thereby causing them to push up the rods and t²,
the projection 8 then assumes a position on the right hand of the arm 9 and the
inclined surface on the projection 8, slides over the corresponding incline on the
aim 9 so as to cause the intermediate blocks W and W' to be moved completely
into the guides M¹ M' and engage effectually with the pusher rods, so long as

page_text: the governor allows them to remain in this position. In order that the governor
may not be affected by the aforesaid positive movement of the intermediate
blocks W. W produced by the action of the projection 8, an arrangement such
as that illustrated in Figure 5 for example is employed by means of which the
lever 7 is rendered independent of the rod 5, being caused by a spring 10 to press
upon the upper end of the said rod. This spring 10 also causes the intermediate
blocks to be drawn out from the guides as soon as the position of the governor
rod admits of it. (Figure 8 represents the commencement of the upward movement
of the rod produced by the action of the rod t'.)
An indicator diagram of the working of an engine constructed according to
this invention shews how effectually the power is utilized in the interior of the
cylinder. One of these diagrams is represented in Figure 9. This diagram was
taken from an engine having a cylinder of 150 millimetres in diameter, a stroke of
200 millimetres and the driving shaft making 304 revolutions per minute. The
upper curve represents the working diagram, and the lower curve the air pump
diagram.
Figures 11 to 13 illustrate a modified arrangement in which two cylinders are
employed. This two cycle engine works without air valves in the explosion
chamber, the arrangement of the valve gear being similar to that herein before
described, but with the difference that the air supply is obtained by a suitably.
combined action of the two working pistons in such a manner that one cylinder
supplies the other with the air and charging mixture, the explosion taking place
simultaneously and with equal effect in both cylinders one air supply and
compressing chamber being common to the two cylinders.
Air inlet valvcs are thereby dispensed with, the mechanism is greatly simplified
and a more compact arrangement of the engine is obtained without prejudice to,
the accessibility of the parts.
As shewn in the drawing the two pistons B' and B' which work in two
cylinders A' and A* represented for convenience of illustration as being arranged
at an angle to one another are connected to one crank shaft d by two connecting
rods and 2 in such a manner that they simultaneously transmit motion to the
said shaft. The connecting rods and crank work in a casing c* enclosing a space
or chamber D communicating as follows vzt.
1. With the upper ends of the cylinders A' and A² directly.
2. With the spaces or chamber CCC through a pipe F annular passage ƒ°
and orifices in the periphery of the cylinder A.
3. With the external atmosphere through a passage e which is opened when
the two pistons B1 B2 require to draw air into the chamber D by means of a
balanced piston valve E. A flat slide valve may be employed in place of this
piston valve if preferred.
During the rotation of the shaft in the direction of the arrow and owing to the
arrangement of the connecting rods (Figure 11) and the inclined position of the
two cylinders relatively to one another the piston B2 has a certain amount of lead
relatively to the piston B¹ as indicated in Figure 11 equal to about the height of
the exhaust openings or circumferential orifices in the cylinder A³. Consequently
when the piston B is at the upper extremity of its stroke the piston B2 has already
commenced to descend and has just covered the orifices f³.
The same effect namely, a lead of one piston relatively to the other may likewise
be obtained when the cylinders are arranged parallel to one another by connecting
the pistons to separate cranks so adjusted that one piston moves in advance of the
other to the required extent.
When the piston B' descends followed after a short interval by the piston B¹
both pistons draw air through the now open passage e from the atmosphere into the
chamber D. After the orifices f' and f¹ are successively closed the air is
compressed in the chambers or spaces C¹ C³ of the cylinders A' A' as well as in
the explosion chamber C³ connecting the said cylinders. During this compression

page_text: period the pump G forces oil through the vapourizer H whence it passes heated
and partly in the form of vapour and partly as fine spray through the open valve [
of the vapourizer into the explosion chamber C³ where it is caused to impinge
against the deflecting plate 3 in order to obtain a thorough mixture with the air.
After the compression of the explosive mixture formed in the chamber C3 in the
first place the piston B' having reached the lower end of its stroke and the piston B'
owing to its lead having previously commenced its ascent the ignition is effected by
means of the igniter tube o and both pistons are forced upwards by the explosion.
During the whole of this upward movement the products of the explosion expand
in the cylindrical chambers or spaces C1 C2 as well as in the explosion chamber C'
until the piston B2 uncovers the orifices 2 and the pressure in the chambers CC² C'
falls to atmospheric pressure owing to the escape of the products of the explosion
through these orifices into an exhaust pipe g. During this upward movement of
the pistons the air passage e is closed by the slide or piston valve E so that air is
moderately compressed in the chamber D and in the pipe F, in the same way as it
is compressed in the air chamber F in the arrangement hereiubefore described for
engines with one cylinder.
Immediately after the pressure under the cylinders commences to fall to one
atmosphere owing to the opening of the orifices 2 the piston B¹ commences to
uncover the orifices f¹ so as to admit air from the chamber D through the pipe F
into the chamber or space C¹. This air assists in driving out the products of
combustion remaining in the chambers C1 C2 C3 through the orifices into the
exhaust pipe g.
During the descent of the pistons the orifices fare first closed and immediately
thereafter the orifices f¹ are likewise closed and the air partly mixed with products
of combustion in the chambers C¹ C² C³ is compressed being at the same time
mixed with the oil vapour and spray introduced into the chamber C³ as herein before
described. After the piston B₁ has arrived at the lower end of its stroke the
explosive mixture is ignited and the operations are repeated as before.
The valve gear for opening and closing the air passage e and for working the oil
pump G and vapourizer valve I receives motion from a rod h actuated by an
eccentric fixed
9
upon the crank shaft d. The slide or piston valve E is connected
by a bolt to a block i provided with a projection n and sliding in a slotted head /*
on the eccentric connecting rod h. A bent or bell crank catch lever s³s is pivotted
at in a recess ³ in the said rod. A spring y acts upon the arm and tends to
press it against the side of the eccentric rod h and cause it to engage with the
aforesaid projection n in such a manner that the movements of the eccentric are
transmitted to the piston valve E. This valve descends with the eccentric rod h
and on the ascent of the latter is raised when the lower edge m¹ m² of the slot in
the connecting rod has ascended sufficiently to enable it to act upon the block i.
The eccentric is fixed upon the shaft d at such an angle relatively to the crank as
to cause the passage e to be open during the descent of the two pistons B1 and B'.
During the descent a projection E' cast on the piston valve E acts upon a sliding
rod t connected to the extremity of a lever x oscillating on a fixed pivot Q. This
lever is jointed at M, to a link t² which transmits motion to the plunger G₁ of the
oil pump G. The extremity N¹ of this lever is connected to the valve rod m of
the vapourizer valve 1. By these means the oil which is drawn into the pump G
by the plunger G¹ acted on by a spring L2 is forced through the vapourizer and
through the orifice controlled by the valve I into the explosion chamber C³.
The upper extremity of the rod t is provided with a plate p³ which is acted
ou by the slide E on the descent of the latter; the lower end of the said rod t'
is provided with a screw thread by which it is connected to a head S connected
by a pin T to the extremity of the lever x. By rotating the rod t¹ it can be
screwed in or out of the head S so as to adjust the length of the said rod and
thereby regulate the stroke of the oil pump piston or plunger G¹ and the amount
of oil introduced into the explosion chamber. This adjustment is obtained by

page_text: simply rotating a milled disc U by hand. A spring V engaging with recesses or
notches in the said disc serves to retain the rod t in the position in which it is
adjusted relatively to the head S.
In order to obtain a regular and uniform working of the engine under varying
loads an ordinary centrifugal governor is employed which is attached to the crank
shaft d. This governor is provided with balls R Figure 12 which fly out when the
engine runs at an excessive speed and act through levers u' and u³ upon an annular
surface such as a disc L placed upon a boss or sleeve v capable of sliding upon the
shaft, and in the case of an excessive speed, assuming the position indicated by
dotted lines in Figure 12. The arm of the catch levers carried by the
connecting rod for the purpose of enabling the latter to act upon the piston valve E
then comes in contact during the ascent of the connecting rod with the edge of the
disc L. This has the effect of moving the extremity of the catch lever away
from the projection n and preventing it from lowering the valve E during the next
downward movement of the connecting rod h which simply slides along the head of
the block without moving the valve. Consequently the passage e remains closed
and the pistons B' B' are prevented from drawing in a fresh charge of air.
movement of the oil pump plunger being at the same time suspended no explosive
mixture is formed and no explosion takes place until owing to a reduction of the
speed the disc L³ is enabled to return to its original position represented by full
lines in the drawing and allows the spring y to act upon the arm and draw it
back into the proper position for acting through the projection n upon the valve E
thereby enabling air to be drawn in into the air chamber and oil to be injected into
the combustion chamber so that the explosions take place as before.
The
To enable oil or petroleum engines to work under most advantageous conditions
it is of great importance to obviate any leakage at the valves or other closing
devices connected with the oil pump G. It is of special importance that this
condition should be complied with in engines such as the one now under consideration
in which the oil is supplied under high pressure.
This requirement is provided for by arranging two suction valves y¹y2 (Figure 10)
and two delivery valves and z through which the liquid is compelled to pass
before entering the pipe leading to the vapourizer the said oil being drawn
through the suction pipe y into the pump G by the plunger G' worked by the
reciprocating rod 2 aided by the spring s². In case any foreign or solid substance
becomes engaged under one of the valves of either pair forming the delivery and
suction valves and prevents it from closing properly the second valve of the pair
prevents any return of the column of liquid so that the leakage in no way interferes
with the action of the pump. The pressure of the liquid being, under these
conditions, sustained entirely by the tightly closed valve the other valve which has
been prevented from closing by the obstruction is relieved from pressure so that at
the next stroke the stream of liquid (acting by suction or by pressure) drives the
obstruction away from the valve seat and prevents it from being forced into and
injuring the surface of the valve or of the seat.
The correctness of the foregoing description of the advantageous effect of this
arrangement of valves has been proved by actual experience. It is evident that
the safety thereby obtained as regards leakage of the pump valves may be further
increased by employing in place of one supplementary or safety valve two or even
more of such valves in the suction as well as in the delivery passages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. A two cycle oil or petroleum engine provided with air supplying and com-
pressing chambers D F in which for the purpose of obviating any escape of fresh
unconsumed gas or vapour the residual products of explosion are expelled (through
circumferential holes or orifices controlled by the movement of the piston) by
means of pure air proceeding from the chambers D F the explosive mixture being

page_text: formed after these holes have been covered by the return of the piston and during
the compression of the air (partly mixed with residual products) by the injection of
oil vapour into the compressing and working chamber C substantially as herein-
before described with reference to Figs. 1 to 10 of the accompanying drawings.
2. In an engine of the class herein before described and claimed a valve gear
comprising reciprocating rods t t t worked by an eccentric q' (Figure 2) for
simultaneously actuating the plunger G¹ of the oil pump G (Figure 3) as well as
the rod m of the vapourizer valve I and (by means of a flexible connection such as
the springs) the rod u u' of the air supply valve e (Figure 1) the said valve gear
also comprising reciprocating rods to and k worked by an eccentric q³ for
actuating the lever i of the air valves in combination with a rod 5 actuated
by the governor and lever arms 3, 4 and 7 actuating intermediate blocks W W
which are drawn back when the engine runs at too high a speed and stop the
supply of oil and air so as to prevent the formation of an explosive mixture
substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
3. In a valve gear such as that referred to in the preceding claiming clauses a
yielding connection such as the spring & in the mechanism for actuating the supply
valve e in such a way that the latter is prevented from opening except when a
moderate pressure exists in the air chamber F so that no air is drawn in when the
engine is running at an excessive speed substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. A two cycle oil or petroleum engine working without air inlet valves or
exhaust valves in the cylinders and constructed with two cylinders communicating
with a common explosion chamber C' C² C³ and having a common air supplying
and compressing chamber D and provided with pistons one of which has a lead
relatively to the other equal to about the height of the circumferential orifices
so that the air drawn through one series of orifices f' from the air chamber D F
assists in driving out the residue of products through the other series f' and after
all the orifices have been covered the oil vapour required for the charge is forced
into the explosion chamber C1 C2 C3 all substantially as herein before described with
reference to Figures 11, 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings.
5. A valve gear for oil or petroleum engines in which one eccentric q by means
of an eccentric rod h and catch lever actuates an air supply piston or slide
valve E and further by means of an adjustable rod t¹ and lever actuates the
rod m of the vapourizer valve I and also by means of a link or rod t works the oil
pump G the said valve gear being controlled by a governor acting on a circular
surface or plate L3 which is displaced when the engine runs at excessive speed and
moves the said catch lever 3 4 out of action so as to arrest the action of the slide
valve, of the oil pump and of the vapourizer valve substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings.
6. In combination with an oil or petroleum engine a pump G in which the
suction and exhaust passages are provided in addition to the usual exhaust and
delivery valves y³ with supplementary or safety valves yl z¹ for the purpose of
preventing irregularities arising from leakage substantially as herein before
described with reference to Figure 10 of the accompanying drawings.
7. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting an oil or petroleum
engine substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 1 to 9 of
the accompanying drawings.
8. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting an oil or petroleum
engine substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 11, 12
and 13 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.