IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jeremiah Garnett, of Otley, in the County of York,
Paper Manufacturer, and Peter Garnett, jun, of Cleckheaton, in the
same County, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jeremiah Garnett and
Peter Garnett, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th January 1858.
We, JEREMIAH GARNETT, of Otley, in the County of York, Paper Manu-
facturer, and PETER GARNETT, jun, of Cleckheaton, in the same County,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing felt, it has hitherto been customary to combine loose
fibres of wool with the hairs of various animals. Now our Invention consists
in manufacturing felt from woollen rags in the following manner :-The
woollen rags are first torn up by a machine, similar to that employed in
preparing rags in the manufacture of paper, or by any other suitable machine;
the coarse pulp thus produced is spread in a wet state to the required thick-
ness over the boiler or other article to be covered, and is then matted together
by beating; the exterior surface of the felt is then covered with a coating of
pulp or a combination of clay or other suitable material with pulp, to render
the whole air-tight and waterproof.
The felt thus prepared is particularly applicable for covering boilers and
steam pipes to prevent the radiation of heat, but such felt may be employed
for covering roofs and for various other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jeremiah Garnett and Peter Garnett in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JEREMIAHI
GARNETT, of Otley, in the County of York, Paper Manufacturer, and
PETER GARNETT, junior, of Cleckheaton, in the same County, Machine
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Jeremiah Garnett, and Peter Garnett, Her special license, that
we, the said Jeremiah Garnett and Peter Garnett, our executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Jeremiah Garnett and
Peter Garnett, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term. therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Jeremiah Garnett and Peter Garnett, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jeremiah Garnett and Peter Garnett,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
In manufacturing felt, it has hitherto been customary to combine loose
fibres of wool with the hairs of various animals. Now the nature fo our
Invention consists in manufacturing felt from woollen rags; and in order that
our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect, we will
proceed to describe the manner of performing the same.
The woollen rags, which may be of the coarsest description, are first

page_text: reduced to short fibres by a rag machine similar to that employed in the
manufacture of paper, or they may be torn up by a machine known among
woollen manufacturers, as the Batley rag and mungo machine, or any other
suitable machine may be employed; the woollen pulp or shoddy thus produced
is spread, by preference in a wet state, to the required thickness over the
boiler or other article to be covered, and it is then matted together by beating.
When the woollen pulp or shoddy has been thus matted together to form our im-
proved felt, the exterior surface thereof is then covered with a coating of finer
pulp, or a combination of pulp and clay or other suitable material, to render
the whole air-tight and waterproof. We wish to remark that cotton waste or
other fibre may be combined with the woollen pulp or shoddy, but as woollen
rags are better non-conductors of heat than those of cotton or other fabrics we
prefer to use them in the manufacture of our improved felt. We would also
observe that the woollen shoddy may be applied in a dry state to the boiler or
other article to be covered. When the woollen shoddy is applied in a dry
state the exterior surface must be covered with canvass or with pulp in a
wet state, which is matted by beating to render the surface air-tight and
waterproof.
Our improved felt is particularly applicable for covering boilers, steam pipes,
and boiling pans, to prevent the radiation of heat, but such felt may be em-
ployed for covering roofs, and for various other purposes.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim the application and use of
woollen pulp or shoddy either alone or combined with other fibres and ma-
terials, for the manufacture of felt in the manner and for the purposes
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Garnett, junior, for and on behalf
of myself and the said Jeremiah Garnett, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Twenty-second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
PETER GARNETT, JUN. (L.S.)