Improvements in the Manufacture of Plough Breasts, and in Apparatus for Use in Connection therewith.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 13th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Plough Breasts, and in
Apparatus for Use in Connection therewith.
I, WILLIAM BURNESS, of 508 Brixton Road, in the county of Surrey, Journalist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The chief object of my invention is to give the breast or mould board of a plough
the internal or concave curvature of a parabola the curve being either from the base
or to the base of the parabola. I prefer the former, however.
In carrying tho invention into practice I cut a cone in the usual way, one cone
serving for the formation of a number of sections, and from the face of each parabola
thus obtained I take guides for making patterns for the castings or for moulds where
malleable steel or other metal is compressed into them.
The breast may be made in one piece or it may be made in two or three pieces.
Thus, first (1) a chisel or triangular pointed share fitting onto the head of the breast
frame, and, (2) the breast proper fitting close to the share, and second (1) the share
which may be chisel or pointed as in the first construction. (2) the lower part of the
breast forming a second part jointing close to the first part or share and (3) the upper
part of the breast joining close to the lower part of the breast. In both these
constructions the parts may be castings or of malleable metal.
Parabolic breasts thus made are adapted for single and multiple furrow ploughs
and one-way ploughs, worked by either animal or steam power.
inch or
Different sizes of ploughs for shallow and deep ploughing as a 6 inch,
12 inch furrow slice require different parabolas, but in other respects the details of
construction are similar.
In making a pattern, a main directing line from the point of the share to the heel
of the breast is made by the metallic guide fitting close into it. Parallel to this main
line a number of lines are drawn in a similar way from the front edge of the share in
all of which the metallic guide fits closely. The intervening spaces are then cut out
with a pattern tool trued by the guide rules.
In the breast pattern, above the main directing line, the parabolic lines slant
backwards but in other respects it is made in a similar way to the breast pattern
below.
As the surface of the breast is concave, moulds for malleable steel or other metal
for breasts must of course be convex so that the guide rules must also be convex.
In this case the castings are heavy blocks of metal.
I prefer to make the lower block the stationary one.
raised by screw gearing or by any other suitable power.
however be used, the upper block being the stationary one.
Dated the 13th day of December 1888
The upper block may be
The reverse of this inay
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Plough Breasts, and in
Apparatus for Use in Connection therewith.
I, WILLIAM BURNESS, of 508, Brixton Road, in the county of Surrey, Journalist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The chief objects of my invention are to reduce the draft of a plough and at

page_text: the same time to lay the furrow slice more evenly than heretofore and to this end it
consists essentially in giving the breast or mould board the internal or concave
curvature of a parabola (the curve being either from the base or to the base of the
parabola) in the manner hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a side view of a right-hand plough breast constructed according to my
invention..
Figures 2 and 3 are a plan and front view respectively of the same.
Figures 4 and 5 are sections respectively on the lines A B and C, D of Figure 1.
Figures 6 and 7 are an elevation and inverted plan respectively of a cone from a
section of which I obtain the required parabolic curve for my improved plough
breast.
Figure 8 is a view representing the said section.
Figures 9 and 10 are views of guides or templets for forming the internal and
external curves of iny improved plough breast, one edge of each of the said guides or
templets being shaped for this purpose to correspond with a portion of the required
parabolic curve.
Figure 11 is a side elevation of a plough embodying my improved plough breast
drawn to a roduced scale.
Similar reference letters indicate similar or corresponding parts throughout the
drawings.
In carrying my invention into practice I first cut a section of a cone for forming
the necessary parabolic curve for the plough breast required, that is to say, assuming
that I wish to obtain the necessary parabolic curve for a plough breast for ploughing
a six-inch furrow, I construct cone, the axis of which is twenty four inches high
and the base fourteen inches in diameter. A ccne of such dimensions, but drawn to a
reduced scale, is shewn at Figures 6 and 7. Then between any two points a, a
(Figure 7) upon the circumference of the base of the cone, twelve inches apart, I
draw the straight line b, the said dimension being double that of the described
dimension of the furrow to be cut. By then cutting a section of the cone, commencing
at the line b, and cutting parallel to the side c of the said cone as represented by the
line d, figure 6, the section, figure 8, will be produced having the parabola shewn,
a portion of which is the curve required.
I then construct the guides or templets e, f, figures 9 and 10, for making patterns
for castings or for moulds where malleable steel or other metal is compressed into
them. The guides e and have curved edges e and f' respectively, both of which
correspond to the greater part of the right-hand portion of the parabola, figure 8, that
is to say, the curve between the points 9 and of each of the guides corresponds with
the curve between the point i of the parabola, figure 8, and point j formed by the
intersection of a line with the said parabola.
g
In order to obtain a casting of the breast, a pattern is made substantially of the
shape shewn at Figures 1 to 5. The front lower projecting part k of the said breast
together with the share l, which forms an extension of it as shewn, are formed integral
in the pattern so that the necessary curve can be formed upon both at the same time,
the pattern being afterwards divided in order to allow of the breast and share being
cast and finished separately.
For the sake of description I will now assume Figures 1 to 5 to be those of the
said pattern, the necessary parabolic curves being imparted by means of the guides e
and f, that is to say, a main directing line or narrow surface, which fits the edge e
of the guide e, is formed upon the face m of the pattern parallel to the upper and
lower edges thereof and extending from the front edge n to the heel of the same.
Parallel to this main line or surface a number of similar lines or surfaces also fitting
the edge e' of the guide e are made from the front edge n and edges o and p of the
share in the direction of the heel of the said breast pattern, the point g of the said
guide being placed at the said front edge n in the formation of each of the lines and
the main line on the face m, and at the edges o and p in the formation of the lines on
the part k and share 7.

page_text: The intervening spaces or surfaces are then cut out and made of the same curvature
as the guide e, the point g of which is placed at the front edge n and edges o and p
in a similar manner to that of the lines or surfaces just described.
The surface of the breast along the front edge n and along any portion of the
surface on lines parallel to the said edge n is substantially that of a plane.
In order to form the back of the pattern the guide f is made use of in an exactly
similar manner to that of the guide e and will therefore need no further description.
The breast may be made in one piece as shewn in the drawings, or it may be
made in two or three pieces. Thus, first, the chisel or (triangular) pointed share
fitting onto the head of the breast frame and the breast k, m, fitting close to the share.
Secondly, a share which may be chisel or (triangular) pointed, as in the first con-
struction, the lower part of the breast forming a second part jointing close to the first
part or share and the upper part of the breast close to the lower part of the breast.
In both these constructions the parts may be castings or of malleable metal.
Parabolic breasts made as described are adapted for single and multiple furrow
ploughs and one-way ploughs, worked by either animal or steam power.
When making the breasts of malleable metal I press the said metal into the shape
required by means of two moulds the interior surfaces of the pattern for the said
moulds being formed in a similar manner to that described with reference to the
exterior surfaces of the pattern k, m.
I prefer to make the lower mould the stationary one, the upper block being raised
by screw gearing or by any other suitable power. The reverse of this may, however,
be used, the upper mould being the stationary one.
For forming parabolas for the breasts of ploughs for cutting other sizes of furrows
than that described, the cones for obtaining the said parabolas must be constructed in
proportion to that described, that is to say, if it be required to form a parabola to
impart the necessary curve to the breast of a plough for ploughing a nine inch
furrow, the axis of the cone must be thirty six inches high and the diameter of the base
twenty one inches, the points a, a, between which the line for cutting the section is
described, being eighteen inches apart or twice the described dimension of the furrow
to be cut.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) A plough breast or mould board shaped to the curve of a portion of a parabola
substantially as described.
(2) The construction of the pattern or mould for a plough breast or inould board
WILLIAM BURNESS.
G. F. Redfern & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.