Improvements in the Production of Coloring Matter from Coal Tar Products.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1889-Accepted, 6th July, 1889
27
OUMI LEIM
Improvements in the Production of Coloring Matter from Coal Tar
Products.
I HENRY DAVIS KENDALL, of Lowell in the State of Massachusetts one of the
United States of America. Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object the production from coal-tar products of a novel
fast brown coloring matter.
"Essaeine."
The new fast brown coloring matter, to which I have given the name
may be produced by the action of certain hydro-sulphites upon that coal-tar product.
known to the manufacturing trade, as Dinitroso-Resorcine, or Alsace Green, or its
homologues Dinitroso-Cresorcine, etc., and is a compound which, when applied to
textile or other fabrics or materials, by means of certain mordants and processes
well known to the printer and dyer, produces a brown color of exceeding fastness to
light, air, soap, washing, acids or alkalies, and of great brilliancy and purity of shade
and tone.
In accordance with my invention, 1 preferably employ as the base from which to
produce my new coloring matter "Essaeine" the body commercially known as
Dinitroso-Resorcine, or Alsace Green in the paste form, as usually prepared for
commercial purposes, and containing usually twenty-five to thirty per cent. of water.
This Dinitroso-Resorcine paste, I cause to be reacted upon by a hydro-sulphite,
preferably the hydro-sulphite of sodium prepared in the usual commercial manner; and
thoroughly incorporated with the Dinitroso-Resorcine, by which means a reaction is'
induced, resulting in the formation of my new coloring matter.
.
In order that my invention may be more readily comprehended, I shall specifically
describe one formula (the one which I should preferably employ for commercial
purposes) by which the desired result may be obtained; but I do not desire to limit
my invention to the exact formula to be described as preferred by me, as it may be
varied and other formulas and substances may be employed, as will be hereinafter
described.
Three parts by weight, of the commercial product dinitroso-resorcine in paste and
containing about twenty-five per cent. of water, are placed in a jar or suitable vessel or
receptacle (preferably of earthenware or wood, and preferably provided with a stirrer
or mechanical contrivance, whereby thorough incorporation and agitation of the
ingredients may be effected) and to the dinitroso-resorcine is added, preferably by
degrees, one part (by weight) of a solution of hydro-sulphite of sodium (prepared by
the well known method of digesting metallic zinc (22 lbs.) in commercial sodium
bisulphite solution 35° B. (17 gallons) in a closed vessel for 2 1-2 to 3 hours).
This mixture is kept constantly agitated and a chemical reaction takes place,
whereby heat is evolved, the temperature gradually rising to about 135° F, at which
point it remains until the reaction is completed, which I have found in practice to take
about one hour.
The resulting liquid forming my new fast brown coloring matter is reddish brown
in color, and may be reduced to any required strength or consistency by admixture
with water, in which it is perfectly soluble in all proportions as also in weak solutions
of acids and alkalies.
Dinitroso-resorcine or its homologues, such as dinitroso-cresorcine or any admixture
of these bodies, may be used and the reaction effected on them by any of the hydro-
sulphites of potassium or sodium, which may be prepared by any of the well known
methods (such as by the action of bi-sulphite of sodium or potassium on zinc, copper,
iron, nickel, etc.) the shade of brown coloring matter produced, being somewhat modified

page_text: according to the hydro-sulphite employed, the product itself however being practically
uniform and definite in composition.
The "Essaeine" may be applied to cotton by means of any of the ordinary mordants,
but preferably with chrome mordants, as shades are produced which are absolutely
fast to soap. light, air, acids or alkalies, the said shades being of extreme purity and
brilliancy.
On wool or silk, it may be fixed by any of the usual or well known methods, such
as by the use of bichromates, etc.
"
My improved fast brown "Essaeine" may also be mixed freely and in all
proportions with the anthracene and similar coloring matters, to pro luce a variety of
shades and colors, as for example, it may be mixed with alizarine to produce red and
violet colors, and with coeruleine, viridine etc., to produce blue, orange and other
shades or colours; and also it may be applied to the fabrics simultaneously with these
coloring matters, whereby a great variety of shades and effects may be produced, the
said shades, resulting from the admixture of Essaeine" with the coloring matter,
being made faster than when the "Essaeine" is omitted, or when the said coloring
matters are treated in other methods heretofore used.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
1. The herein described fast brown coloring matter produced from coal tar products,
and having the property of being soluble in water, and of being fast to light, air, soap
etc. when fixed upon fabrics, substantially as described.
2. The production of a fast brown coloring matter from coal tar products, by treat-
ing dinitroso-resorcine or its homologues with a hydro-sulphite, substantially as
described.
Dated the 4th day of June 1880
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.