NEW INVENTED MANU- FACTURE OF METAL PIPES, THE SAME BEING LEAD LINED WITH TIN IN A MANNER AND BY A PROCESS OR PROCESSES ENTIRELY NEW, TO BE USED IN ALL CASES TO WHICH LEAD PIPES ARE APPLICABLE
Year: 1804

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ALDERSON, of Carnaby Street, in the Parish of Saint James, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Lead Pipe Manufacturer, do send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the forty-fourth year
of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said George Alderson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said George Alderson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my "NEW INVENTED MANU-
FACTURE OF METAL PIPES, THE SAME BEING LEAD LINED WITH TIN IN A MANNER
AND BY A PROCESS OR PROCESSES ENTIRELY NEW, TO BE USED IN ALL CASES TO WHICH
LEAD PIPES ARE APPLICABLE;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso, obliging me, the said George Alderson, under my hand and seal, to
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the date
of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation being
thereunto had), may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Alderson, do hereby declare that my said Invention of a new manu-

page_text: facture of lead pipes lined with tin, together with the manner of making the
same, is described in the words following (that is to say)
I provide moulds of metal or wood or other fit material of different lengths
and diameters, according to the length and substance of the pipes I am about
to manufacture; these moulds are in two pieces, being divided longitudinally, and
are nearly similar to those generally used by plumbers for casting their pipes.
I firmly attach them to the ground in a vertical situation by screws and wedges,
and into the center of the moulds I introduce a moveable polished iron rod,
maundrell, or core, the lower end of which goes with a shoulder into a hole
made to receive it in the bottom of the mould, and the upper end terminates a
few inches above the top of the mould, in the shape of a hook or ring. This
iron rod, maundrell, or core, I make of such a size as to leave a space all
round between it and the mould sufficiently large to receive the fused metal to
form the pipe. I also make a small collar near the top of the last-mentioned
iron rod, maundrell, or core, in order to keep it in the center of the mould,
with two holes made in it, one to pour in the melted metal, and the other for
the escape of the air. Having thus arranged the mould for casting; I then pour
in the melted lead or metal; as soon as the lead or metal is set, I draw out of
the lead the iron rod, corc, or maundrell, by means of the before-mentioned
hook or ring, either by pullies, levers, or other proper contrivances for that
purpose, and I immediately substitute a similar iron rod, core, or maundrell,
as to length and figure, but of smaller diameter, thereby leaving a space suf-
ficiently large to receive the melted tin all round between the newly introduced
iron rod, core, or maundrell, and the lead or metal already cast; I then throw
about as much rosin in coarse powder as will lay on a shilling into such space,
which, by the heat of the lead, will instantly be melted and run to the bottom: I
.tlien pour the melted tin into the space so left to receive it; the rosin will float
on its surface, and consequently as the tin rises anoint the tin in every part, and
act as a flux, and unite the two metals. As soon as the tin is set, I draw out
this last-mentioned iron rod, core, or maundrel, by the means before mentioned.
I then open the external mould and knock out the cast pipe, which, when quite
cold, is ready to be submitted to the operation of drawing. From what has
been already said, it will be easily observed that the foregoing operation may
be reversed, that is to say, the tin pipe cast first upon a small core, and in a
small mould; and that core, with the tin upon it, afterwards removed into a
larger mould, the rosin applied, and then the lead cast round it; or the tin pipe
need not be cast on purpose, but may be cast and drawn, or soldered and drawn
to any length, and afterwards cut to the length of the moulds, made perfectly
clean, and the lead be cast upon it as aforesaid, thus answering the
purpose of a