CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING, DOUBLING, THROWING, AND TWISTING SILK, WOOL, COTTON, FLAX, HEEP, AND SUCH LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BOOTH, of Congleton, in the County of Chester, Gentleman, and MICHAEL
BAILEY, of Congleton aforesaid, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Thirteenth day of January, in the fifth year, of His reign,
did for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Booth and Michael Bailey, His especial licence, that we, the said
William Booth and Michael Bailey, our exors, admors, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said William Booth and Michael Bailey, our exors, admors,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINNING, DOUBLING, THROWING, AND TWISTING SILK, WOOL, COTTON, FLAX,
HEEP, AND SUCH LIKE MATERIALS;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging us, the said William Booth and Michael Bailey,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent (as in and by the same), reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
William Booth and Michael Bailey, do hereby declare that the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and the following description thereof (that is to say):-
Fig. 1 represents a machine for throwing organzine, each part of which will
Fig. 1. Into the sill 1 of the frame is fixed the post 2, through which runs
the cross piece or sloat 8; on it is morticed the step bench 4, in which are cut
holes to admit different parts of the brass frame or any other metal framework,
as shewn in letters A, A, and more particularly described hereafter. Into the
framework B is placed the sliding box C and the moveable stop D, which is
moved backward and forward as occasion requires." The lever or balance E
and the stopper F are likewise placed in the framework B, as seen in the
Figure. To the stopper F is fastened the connecting rod G, upon which is
fixed the cross rod H; the upper end of G is fastened to the governor
stopper I. In the step D is placed the long spindle 5, which works through
the bolster J, and is fastened to the rail 6 in the framework. The other two
spindles 7, 7, are placed in two steps 8, 8, and set in the step bench 4, and
are supported by the two bolsters K, as shewn in B, B, and fastened to the
rail 9. The strap 10 coming from the drum 11 on the shaft, and by running
behind the two smaller spindles 7, 7, and in front of the spindle 5, gives it a
contrary motion to that of 7, 7. The lifter or balance M answers for a guider,
which is worked by the block N, which receives its motion from the drum
shaft 11. The sloat 12, in the framework, supports the governor shaft 13, on
which runs the loose governor 14, as shewn by the letter O. The roller P
works in frame Q, and is placed in the top rail 15 of the framework. The
governor stopper I lets into the under side of rail 15. The finger R, as shewn
in C, C, is stayed on the bolster J by a set screw o, on the inclined planes T, T.
At each end of the finger R rest the falling wires V, V, held on the inclined
planes T, T, by the threads 16, 16, which are conducted on the governor 14
by the eye U in rail 17, and are folded around the governor 14 that draws them
up and delivers them to the fly W, which is placed on the top of the spindle 5.
On this spindle is placed the sockett X, which regulates the motion of the a
receiving bobbin, having a spring at the contrary sides to keep it steady in the
groove. The different parts, as represented in the division of the plate A, A,
by the letters B, C, D, E, F, g, and h, shew the parts which, when put

page_text: together, are placed in the hole.or on the step bench 4. B. is the frame.
C is the slide box, placed in the frame B at b. D is a moveable step, to be
placed in the box C at d, in which stands the long spindle 5, and is brought to
the strap 10 to receive its motion. The step D, when placed right, to be
stayed by the fly nut e. E is a balance to be placed in the frame B, by having
boles drilled through the balance and frame, as shewn in the Drawing. F is a
stopper to be placed in frame B at f.f, by two pivots i, i;. through it is to be
a hole drilled and taped at k, that the screw 9 will follow when put through it,
and is to strike the tail end of the balance E, and cause it to lift up, which
will disengage the slide box C, and admit of it containing the step D, with the
long spindle 5 to go back when the thread breaks, the two wires h, h, at the
contrary ends of the stopper F, will then come in contact with the wires 20, 20,
projecting from the bottom of the spindles. The parts represented in the
division of the plate B, B, are to be put together by placing the two parts c, c,
cousisting of horn, leather, wood, brass, or other substance, into the frame J,
after which the slide m is to be dovetailed into the box J, to keep the sub-
stances c, c, in their places, which are forced up by the screw n placed in front
of box J. When thus put together, they are to be placed on rail 6 and 9 of
the framework through which the spindles are to revolve. The bolster on the
top rail 6 to be longer than that on the lower rail 9, as the fingers are to be
placed upon it. In the division of the plate C, C, is represented a finger with
all its parts made of brass, iron, or other substance; the first is the back part
R, in which is a hole large enough to admit the bolster J, which is fastened
by the set screw O. In R are placed the pieces of glass or earthenware p.
At q, q, on Y, is placed horsehair, and between it and the glass the thread
runs. In front of the upright R is placed a spring r, one end of which presses
against the bolster J, and is fixed upon the stud at s to give to the thread
16, 16, equal and necessary pressure for keeping the wires upon the inclined
planes T, T, and preventing the thread from curling. L is a runner revolving
on two pivots, which keeps the strap 10 in its place, and by means of the
screw.t on the lower part raises and lowers the step bench 4. G is the rod
which is fastened to the end of the stopper F by a pin, and connected with
the governor stopper I at u. When the thread breaks, the flat end of the
governor stopper I is to come in contact with the angles on the governor,
as shewn at letter O 14, which stopper is regulated by the weight at its
opposite end. Roller P, with its frame Q, is placed in the rail 15 of the frame-:
work, and works' upon the loose governor 14. The governor shaft 18 receives
its motion from the drum shaft 11, and by change of wheels the required
twist is obtained: The lifter M, which acts by way of a balance, is worked by

page_text: the block N, a heart wheel or other motion, and answers for a guider to raise
and lower the bobbin 19 on the spindle 5 when receiving its thread. The
lifter works in the frame of the machine by the pivots x, x, on the iron
sloat y, being placed in the hollow, on the upper part a, a, which is let into
the post 2 at y, and raised or lowered by a bolt. Fig. 7 represents a spindle,
which has a hole drilled through it, about 2 inches from the bottom in
which is put a wire 20, to come in contact with the wires 20, 20, fixed in
stopper F, when a thread breaks. Above the neck of the spindle to the height
of the bobbin there is a regular taper, that the bobbin may sit steady upon
it; but from the top of the bobbin to the end of the spindle it retains its
thickness, so that the eye or conducting wire 21 may not rise when at work.
5 represents the long receiving spindle, which has a hole drilled through it,
in which is put a wire 22, bevelled off to prevent it striking against the
edge of the bended part 23 of the stopper F. This spindle works through
the bolster fastened in the framework 6, and through the groove h, h, in
the lifter M, in which is placed the base of the sockett, which is to prevent
the spindle 5 from taking away the motion of the receiving bobbin 19.
The spindle passing through the sockett x, and receiving bobbin 19, on
which the thread is put, the fly W acts upon the top of the spindle 5, and
prevents the the thread from overrunning itself when it stops by a catch c, cut
on the top of the spindle 5, and on the bottom of the fly W. V, V, as
shewn in C, C, represents falling wires, which are fastened to the rail of the
framework 24, the other end resting on the inclined plains T, T, when the thread
is up, but when the thread breaks it slides down the plain, and falls upon the
cross rod H, and brings down the governor stopper I, at the same time over-
balancing the stopper F raises it so high as to admit the projecting wire 22,
in spindle 5, to run under the crooked part 23 of the stopper F, and lift it
so high as to strike E, and lift it up, when the pressure of the strap 10 puts
back the box C, step D, and spindle 5, and brings the wires 20, 20, in the
stopper, and wires 20, 20, in the spindles 7, 7, in contact, and stops them
until the thread is pieced; after which you take the falling wire of the cross
rod and replace it, then press down the faller and pull up the box, and the
operation again commences. 25, 25, are bobbins placed on the spindles 7, 7;
the threads 16, 16, are conducted off them, by the eye or conducting wire 21
to T, T, and pass between the horsehair and glass, as described in C, C, in
a notch in the inclined plane, and is drawn to the eye fixed in the rail of
the framework 17, which conducts it to the governor 14, when it is doubled
and delivered to the fly 26 W on the spindle 5, from which it, receives its
throw. When tram is required to be thrown on these machines, it is only

page_text: necessary to place the board 27 under the bobbins 25, 25, and raising them
so high on the spindle 7, 7, that they may run loose in the bobbins. Or
a reel may be laid over the spindles 7, 7, to receive the thread in the usual
way of throwing, by which singles may be worked or two bobbins may be
placed in front of the machine, and the threads put through the finger and
governors, as in organzine, and tram will be thrown at the same time as
singles, upon the same machine.
Having given a description of throwing organzine, we now proceed to state
the particulars of our method of throwing tram or threads.
Figure 2, the tram mill, which represents the working of four threads, is
calculated to work eight threads, by letting one of the spindles to run empty,
meeting the eight threads on the governor 14, and accomplishing the process
as described in Figure 1st. In fixing a tram mill it is necessary to put the
lower bolster rail a few inches further out than the organzine frame, as
the bolster that supports the binding spindle 28 is put on the different side,
and the throwing spindles 5, 5, are put in the innermost side of it. The frame
and stopper 29 must be applied in tram, in the same manner as they are in
organzine. In the division R, R, the board in front of the machine is put
inclining to fix the spindles 80 into, to place in an angle of 45 degrees or
thereabouts. On these spindles are placed sockets 81, tapered at the top to
admit the bobbin to go so far on as to be steady. On these sockets rests
the bobbin; the bottom part of the sockets works on the shoulders of the
spindles 30. The strap will by work and change of weather lengthen, which
causes a loss of time and expense; to obviate which we have mortised into
the sill 1 a piece of wood as shewn at E, E: on the top of it is joined the
piece 82, into which is mortised an upright 38, which comes against a friction.
roller 84 placed into the post 35, a runner being put at the other end, which
goes against the strap, and by means of weight being put on 32 the required
pressure is gained, and the strap is kept regular. Figure 4 represents a
machine for throwing singles, or tram thread or organzine if doubled. 4 is
the step bench; 7 is the spindle; 6, the bolster rail; J is the bolster as shewn
in B, B; 21, 21, are the conducting wires with a spring 36, upon the
bottom part to regulate the bobbin 25, when delivering the thread, which it
does by the power received from the reel 37, as the bobbin 25 is loose on
the spindle 7; to the reel may be fixed a regulator, as in the usual way
of throwing threads.
Figure 3 represents a machine for doubling and throwing silk from the
swifts d, d, which is performed with the same sort of machinery as the
tram Fig. 2, and worked by the same principle excepting the threads

page_text: being brought down from the swifts into the fingers as shewn in C, C,
put upon a rail 38, the thread passing between the horsehair and the
glass as before described; the inclined planes 39, on which the falling
wires V, V, rest, being placed on the rail 40, with the governor 14 delivers
the thread to the fly. The spindle may be worked by a strap as in Fig. 2,
or by a roller and band in the usual way. Figure 5 represents a reel, and
the different opperations of reeling. 41 is the reel; 42 is the rail with the step
placed in it; 43 is the rail on which is fastened the bolster J, through which
the spindle 7 revolves, having the bobbin 19 or 25 placed upon it. Under
the bobbin is placed a balance 44, to prevent the bobbin overrunning:
between the bobbin and the reel may be fixed a guider in the usual way of
throwing. 45 is a round shaft, on which must be put the number of reels
thought proper, as they go loose on the shaft, in order to be stopped when
piecing, and receive the pressure that will cause them to turn round with
the shaft 45, by a friction bar 46 being placed on the arms of the reel,
at 47 and 48, one end fastened by a staple or otherwise, the other end
having a hole through to go on the bolt, and by the means of a nut
the required pressure is given. All numbers refer to their places in the
machines.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Booth and Michael Bailey,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
WILLIAM (L.s.) BOOTH. MICHAEL (L.B.) BAILEY.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the First day of July, in the year
13