Improved Lattice Truss or Girder for use in Building Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 21st-Dec., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1893-Accepted 21st Oct., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Lattice Truss or Girder for use in Building Purposes.
I, HUBERT JOLY of 1, Rothemarkstrasse, Wittenberg, Prussian Saxony, in the
Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This lattice girder, which may be employed for building purposes, such as in the
construction of bridges, stair landings, staircases or the like, is composed of upper
and lower binding pieces or ties, tubular uprights, diagonals or side bars reaching
from one upright to the next adjoining one, and connecting rods, which pass
through the tubular uprights, and connect the same with the binding pieces and
diagonals.
The binding pieces may consist of one piece or also of separate parts. In this
case they may be each connected with a diagonal. On the other hand when the
separate panels of the lattice girder are arranged in the form of steps (for instance,
when the same is employed for a staircase) the ties or binding pieces extend
through two panels, and between two tubular uprights, whilst the diagonals extend
from one upright to the next, and establish the connection between the same and
an under and upper binding piece.
In its simplest form, the girder consists of the upper and lower binding pieces of
diagonals and of uprights composed of plain or ornamental tubes, which are
connected by means of rods with the binding pieces and the diagonals. For this
purpose suitable holes are made in the binding pieces, which are formed of flat or
angle iron, and the same at the ends of the diagonals. The binding pieces
preferably extend over several panels. The binding pieces may, however, be made
of separate parts of the length of a single panel In this case it is preferable to
provide each of the separate parts of the binding pieces with a diagonal. Thus in
one panel there may be an under binding piece, and in another panel an upper
binding piece, which only extends over the length of this panel whilst the diagonal
of the first panel is connected with an under binding piece of the next panel, the
diagonal of the second panel with an upper and an under binding piece, and the
diagonal of the third panel with an upper binding piece. By this the composition
of a girder with more than three panels will be easily understood without further
explanation.
The rods may be made like screw bolts, or the connection may be formed by
means of wedges, cross-bolts or rivetting instead of nuts.
Girders of any suitable length within the limits prescribed by the strength of the
parts, may be made rapidly, and without difficulty, from the parts above described,
whilst the similarity of the separate parts may be exactly and rapidly produced by
machinery.
In both forms of construction, the binding pieces may also easily be strengthened
by duplicating them, that is to say, by employing several pieces of flat iron.
With the same parts, girders of greater width of span may also easily be formed
by arranging several sets one above the other, and connecting them with one
another by suitably long rods. In some cases, one or more centre binding pieces
may be added, the rods being then suitably prolonged.
If such girders are intended to support a roof or floor, the tops of the rods may
very well be employed for holding the cross beams resting on the ends of the
tubes. The heads of the rods overlap the ends of the cross beams which rest on
shoulders.
"If the roof is to be covered with planks, the bolts may also be prolonged above
the broad head, which allows of the planks being fastened by means of screws. In

page_text: this case also the cross beams consist of separate parts, but a sufficient connection
of the roof in a horizontal direction may be easily obtained by means of fish plates
which extend over the junctions, and diagonal tie rods.
There is also no difficulty in employing other shapes for the cross beams, for
instance, in case the roof is to be domed."
In constructing a girder on this principle for a staircase formed with supporting
steps and treads, the diagonals are firmly screwed to the binding pieces and the
tubular uprights, each two of which are connected by means of a support step.
The connection of the binding pieces and the diagonals is again formed by means
of rods, provided at top with a head, which rods pass through the binding pieces
and uprights, and the suitably curved ends of the diagonals. A screw peg projects
beyond the heads of the rods, on which peg the banister column rail, which holds
the tread in its place on the staircase, is screwed.
In a further modification of the girder, the diagonals are in one piece with the
horizontal binding pieces, and they may be curved as well as straight.
Instead of arranging the diagonals more or less parallel to one another, they may
also be made to cross one another, the diagonals, in that case, have not to withstand
pressure but strain.
In a developed form of construction of the preceding one, two parallel tubular
uprights are connected by means of a lattice work, or a more or less perforated
sule plate which replaces the diagonals. In this last form of construction, the
binding pieces always extend over three uprights. By this arrangement of these
binding pieces, in combination with the diagonals, or the lattice work, or the side
plate, a considerable firmness or rigidity is imparted to the girder, as the treads, to
a certain extent, rest on triangular frames, which are formed by the extended
binding pieces and the upper uprights.
Dated this 20th day of December 1892
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Lattice Truss or Girder for use in Building Purposes.
I, HUBERT JOLY, of 1 Rothemarkstrasse, Wittenberg, Prussian Saxony, in the
Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention relates to lattice work for the construction of girders,
stair carriages, landings and the like, and its object is to provide light, strong
ironwork of good appearance, which may be easily put up or taken down or
decorated in any desired style.
In its simplest form the invention consists of a lattice girder, having upper or
lower rails or binders, vertical tubular distance pieces or verticals inserted between
the said binders, diagonals extending from the lower end of one vertical to the
upper end of the next, or vice versa, their ends being inserted between the end of
the vertical and the rail or binder, the whole being connected up by means of bolts,
arranged to pass through the binders, tubular verticals and through the ends of the
diagonals. Or instead of employing long binders having a number of verticals and
diagonals, a compound girder may be formed, whereby the upper binder may
extend from one vertical to the next, then pass downward forming the diagonal
between the second and third verticals, and extending from the third to the fourth
vertical as lower binder. Thus by repeating this arrangement compound girders
of any length consistent with the strength of the materials employed-may be
attained. The constituent parts of such girders are exactly similar in shape and
size and may be consequently casily and cheaply made by machinery.

page_text: It will be obvious, that, if instead of extending horizontally a compound girder
as above described, short sections or lengths of the same are connected up one
over the other so as to extend upwardly in the direction of the diagonals,
such combination will result in a stair carriage, as hereinafter more particularly
described.
Lattice work made according to the present invention has the great advantage of
being detachable, it not being necessary to rivet together any of the parts, and as
the same may be decorated in any desired style without increasing the cost of
manufacture to any great extent, it is consequently of particular value for
temporary buildings. Furthermore, staircases, landings and the like constructed on
this principle are fire proof.
I will now proceed to describe some forms of developement of the principle of my
invention as herein before explained, reference being had to the accompanying
drawings in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the several
views.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a girder in its simplest form,
Fig. 2 a plan of Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 a detail view of the diagonal,
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of a compound girder,
Fig. 5 a side elevation of a girder having supplementary binders to increase its
strength,
Fig. 6 is an elevation of a double girder,
Figs. 7 to 11 show detail views of the manner of attaching the cross beams or
flooring to the girders,
Fig. 12 is a side elevation of a stair carriage,
Fig. 13 a plan of the same,
Fig. 14 a detail view of the diagonal,
Fig. 15 a detail view of the binder,
Fig. 16 shows a modified form of stair case,
Fig. 17 a detail view and
Fig. 18 another modification of a stair carriage.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3:-a and b are the upper and lower binders, d the
tubular verticals, cc the diagonals, and the tie bolts passing through the binders
which are perforated at ii for their reception, and through the verticals d, as also
through the ends of the diagonals c. The tie bolts may be secured in place in any
suitable manner, for instance by means of nuts, cotters, pins or, if the work is to be
permanent, they may he rivetted. Fig. 4 illustrates the compound girder, in this
case the upper binder a¹ is secured to the tops of the first and second verticals dd,
it then extends diagonally to the bottom of the third vertical to form the diagonal c²,
and from the third to the fourth vertical it forms the lower binder 6'. By repeating
this arrangement any number of panels I II and III may be formed, the ends of
the girder are closed by short lower and upper binders a and b. In Fig. 5 a
girder with strengthened or stiffened binders is illustrated, the binders a and b
being doubled or trebled as the case may be. In Fig. 6 a double girder is shown,
having an intermediate binder g, the arrangement is otherwise the same as that
described with reference to Fig. 1. If desired three or more girders may be
combined in this manner. In Figs. 7 to 11 the method in which the cross beams
are attached to the girders is shown, in this case the verticals d are provided with
lateral lugs d', shown in plan in Fig. 10, on which the cross beams-consisting
of U-irons-rest, these beams may be held in place by the head of the bolt f which
may be made broader to form a fish plate (Fig. 9). If deals are to be secured
to the framing, the bolt f may be lengthened upwards at passing through the
deals and securing the same in position by means of a nut (Fig. 11). Instead of
making the bolt head broader, an extra fish plate may be provided. Fig. 12 shows
the adaptation of the principle for stair carriages, each binder a a extends over three
verticals dd, each binder starting from the centre of the one below it and extending
one panel further beyond the same, the diagonals c c run parallel to each other.

page_text: 「
All the tie bolts ff must be long enough to reach through two verticals. The tie
bolts are advantageously prolonged upwards to pass through the tread-of-the stair and
provided with a thread to which the baluster is screwed, thus holding the tread
in place. The treads or steps t may consist of plates covered with wood screwed
onto them, or in the case of fireproof stairs of stone, such as granite, marble,
marble trass or composition. Fig. 16 illustrates a staircase on the compound girder
principle, each binder a¹ forming an upper and lower binder and finally being
extended upwards to form a diagonal c', as shown here the diagonals c c¹ may be
curved instead of straight. Fig. 18 shows a staircase in which the diagonals c c
are crossed instead of being arranged one over the other as. in. Fig. 12, in this case.
the diagonals cc will not have to withstand pressure but strain.
1
Winding stairs may also be constructed on this principle, the outside and inside
carriages being bent to the required curves; newelled staircases may also be
constructed, in which case an outside carriage only will be required, the spindle
extending through the centre, being built up by a series of cylinders, which may be
cast onto the riser plates. It is obvious that by making ornamental castings of the
verticals d d, many and various decorative effects may be produced.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Lattice work composed of upper and lower binders a and b, vertical distance
pieces d, diagonals extending from one distance piece to the next, and tie rods or
bolts connecting the binders, verticals and diagonals in the manner and for the
purpose substantially as described.
$
2. Lattice girders having the upper and lower binders and diagonals formed by
a series of pieces a¹ b', bent as specified and connected up by tubular verticals
and tie rods or bolts in the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.
3. Double lattice girders having the upper and lower binders a and.b, double
verticals d, diagonals c c and intermediate binder g, substantially as described.
4. A lattice stair carriage consisting of short binders a a, each extending over
three verticals, said binders being arranged stepwise one above the other and
having diagonals c, substantially as described and shown.
5. Compound lattice stair carriages, consisting of the combined binders. and
diagonals a¹ c', the diagonals c the verticals d d and tie rods or bolts, arranged
substantially as described and shown.
6. Lattice stair carriages, consisting of the binders a crossed diagonals c c³,
verticals d and tie rods or bolts, arranged substantially as described and shown.
7. In lattice work of the kind claimed, verticals d having lugs d' for the
reception of the cross beams, substantially as described and shown and for the
purpose specified.
Dated this 18th day of September 1893.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.