An Apparatus for Heating Water or other Liquid by means of Electricity.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Apparatus for Heating Water or other Liquid by means
of Electricity.
1, BERNARD PAGE SCATTERGOOD, of 41 Park Square Leeds in the County
of York, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
A device for heating water or other liquid by passing it through a hollow
conductor forming the secondary coil of an alternating or intermittent current
transformer. The secondary coil being electrically connected at the ends by a stout
conductor, and thus short-circuited, a heavy current is generated therein, which
heats the coil and the liquid flowing through it.
Dated this Sixth day of January 1892.
BERNARD PAGE SCATTERGOOD.
An Apparatus for Heating Water or other Liquid by means
of Electricity.
1, BERNARD PAGE SCATTERGOOD Electrical Engineer, of 41,. Park Square,
Leeds do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention constitutes a convenient and efficient apparatus for the purpose of
heating water or other liquids by means of an alternating, undulatory, or intermittent
electric current.
To effect this I construct a transformer or induction coil of which the magnetic
circuit may be either closed or open. The primary coils consist as usual of insulated
copper wire; the secondary coils however consist of a length of metal tube, or of a
hollow conductor of suitable form, the extremities of which are electrically connected
by a conductor of low resistance.
The mode of action of the apparatus is as follows. The liquid to be heated is
admitted at one end of the tube and flows through the coils which compose the
secondary circuit. The circulation of the liquid having been established, an
alternating, undulatory or interrupted electric current is passed through the
primary circuit of the transformer. In consequence of the low resistance of the
secondary circuit, a heavy current is induced in it, whereby the temperature of
the coils, and that of the liquid flowing through them, is raised.
The construction of the apparatus will be understood by reference to the
accompanying diagrams, in which the same letters refer throughout to the same
parts.
Fig. 1. is a front elevation of the apparatus, Fig. 2 a side elevation, Fig. 3 a
plan, and Fig. 4 shews the two coils in section ;
Fig. 5 is a diagram of the hollow secondary coils with their connections, the
core, bobbins, and primary windings being omitted, in order that the course of the
liquid, which is indicated by the arrows, may be more clearly seen.
The type of transformer illustrated has a single magnetic circuit, the core A
being provided with two bobbins B of wood, ebonite, vulcanized fibre or other

page_text: suitable material. The secondary coils C are wound over a layer of asbestos or
similar material D; the primary coils E are wound outside the secondary coils,
with a sheet of asbestos F between them, which acts both as an insulator of
electricity and also as a lagging to prevent the heat generated in the secondary"
coils from escaping too rapidly.
The secondary coils are shewn in the figures as being connected in series by the
hollow socket or sleeve of metal G which forms an electrical junction of low
resistance while it secures continuity for the flow of liquid through the coils. The
other ends of the coils are connected electrically by heavy strips H of copper or
other suitable metal, firmly secured by being brazed or soldered to the ends of the
coils. Connection with the source of liquid supply is made through the union J,
while the rate of flow and therefore the final temperature of the liquid may be
regulated by means of the cock K.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. The heating of water or other liquid by passing it through or into a hollow
conductor forming the secondary coil of a transformer or induction coil, substantially
in the manner previously described.
2. The construction of a transformer or induction coil of which the secondary
circuit consists of a hollow conductor for the purpose of heating water or other
liquid by passing it through or into the said hollow conductor, substantially as
described & illustrated.
Dated this Sixth day of October 1893.
BERNARD PAGE SCATTERGOOD.