IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLOUGHS OR IMPLEMENTS FOR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hammond Bentall, of Heybridge, in the
County of Essex, Iron Founder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
15
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hammond
Bentall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th February 1854.
I, EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, in the County of Essex, Iron
Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLOUGHS OR IMPLEMENTS FOR CULTIVATING LAND" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to various improvements upon broad share and other
ploughs or implements for cultivating land, for which I have formerly obtained
Letters Patent.
My present improvements consist,―
First, in adapting to the beam of a broad share plough additional arms, so
as to admit of extra tines, shares, or cultivators, being adapted thereto.
Second, in adapting to the back part of the present arms of the broad share
plough additional tines, shares, or cultivators, so that by attaching such tines,
shares, or cultivators to the back part of the arms, in addition to the present

page_text: tines or shares now placed in front, the several tines or shares will be arranged
in pairs in advance of one another. I also propose to make the bearing edges
of the arms to project above the surface of the arms, so that they may give
greater length to the bearing of the stalk of the tine or share, and thereby
render the stalk more capable of supporting any extraordinary strain that may
be accidentally thrown thereon.
Third, for wrought iron beams of ploughs or other implements, I propose to
make the draw head or cat's head of the implement in one piece or casting,
with a socket to receive the stalk of the front wheel, and so arranged that the
stalk of the front wheel and the cat's head may be secured to the beam of the
plough by one bolt and eye, thereby simplifying the implement, and saving
expense in the construction. When adapting this improvement to wooden
beams, the cat's head and socket for the wheel are somewhat differently formed,
and are generally made in two pieces, but are secured by one and the same eye
and bolt, as in the former instance.
Fourth, in place of making the wooden beams and handles of the implements
of a curved or irregular shape as usual, I propose to make these parts perfectly
straight, thereby economizing labor and material. The implement will also be
much stronger, as the handle will be fastened to the beam by means of bolts
and nuts, the joint being further secured by a cast iron clip, which will cover
the same, and effectually prevent the parts from moving in either direction.
By this means the morticing and tenoning of the parts together is rendered
unnecessary. In adapting wooden handles to wrought iron T beams, a slot is.
made in the end of the handle to fit the centre feather of the T iron, to which
the handle is fastened by bolts, and the joint is further secured by cast iron
clips.
Fifth, the hindermost wheel fixings are made adjustable, and are so con-
structed that the wheels may be fixed at various points, according as circum-
stances may require an alteration in their position. By thus making these
wheel fixings adjustable, so that the stalks of the wheels may be moved either
forward or backward thereon, as may be required, I am enabled to alter the
balance of the implement according to the nature of the soil or the state of the
ground.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Hammond Bentall in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th August 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, in the County of Essex, Iron Founder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Hammond Bentall, Her special license that I, the said Edward
Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS OR IMPLEMENTS FOR CULTIVATING LAND," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):---
My Invention of "Improvements in Ploughs or Implements for Cultivating
Land," relates to various improvements upon broad share and other ploughs or
implements for cultivating land, for which I have formerly obtained Letters
Patent.
My present improvements are shewn in the accompanying Drawings, and
consist,―
First, in adapting to the beam of a broad share plough additional arms, so
as to admit of extra tines, shares, or cultivators being adapted thereto. This

page_text: improvement is shewn in Figures 1 and 2; Fig. 1 being a plan view, and
Fig. 2, a side elevation of one of my broad share ploughs, with the present
improvement adapted thereto. a, a, is the ordinary beam; b, b, the ordinary
arm, and c, c, the extra or additional arm to which the additional tines d, d, are
attached, as shewn in the Drawings.
My second improvement consists in adapting to the back part of the present
arms of the broad share plough additional tines, shares, or cultivators, so that
by attaching such tines, shares, or cultivators to the back part of the arms in
addition to the present tines or shares now placed in front, the several tines or
shares will be arranged in pairs in advance of one another. This arrangement
is shewn in plan at Fig. 3, and in elevation at Fig. 4; a, a, being the beam;
b, b, the arms; d, d, the ordinary tines secured in front of the arms in the
usual manner; the additional tines e, e, being secured at the back of the arms,
as shewn in the Drawings.
I also propose to make the bearing edges of the arms to project above the
surface of the arms, so that they may give greater length to the bearing of the
stalk of the tine or share, and thereby render the stalk more capable of sup-
porting any extraordinary strain that may be accidentally thrown thereon.
This improvement is also shewn in Fig. 4, the bearing edge being made to
project at the point f.
My next improvement relates to the mode of constructing the wheel fixings,
and consists in making the hindermost wheel fixings adjustable, and so con-
structing and arranging the various parts that the wheels may be fixed at
various points, according as circumstances may require an alteration in their
position. This improvement is shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 3. g, g, is the
horizontal arm called the wheel fixing; the stalk h of the wheel passes through
the eye of an eye bolt i, and is secured by a nut in one of the notches of the
arm g, as shewn in the Drawing. This arm has two, three, or more holes
made therein to receive the eye bolt i, and secures the stalk in the grooves of
the arm. By thus making these wheel fixings adjustable, so that the stalks h
of the wheels may be moved either forward or backward thereon as may be
required, I am enabled to alter the balance of the implement according to the
nature of the soil or the state of the ground.
Having now described my various improvements, and the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I claim, in conclusion,-
First, adapting to the beam of a broad share plough additional arms, so as
to admit of extra tines, shares, or cultivators being adapted thereto.
Second, I claim adapting to the back of the present arms of the broad share

page_text: plough additional tines, shares, or cultivators, so that the several tines, shares,
or cultivators will be arranged in pairs in advance of one another, as herein
shewn and described.
I also claim making the bearing edges of the arms to project above the sur-
face of the arms, so that greater length of bearing may be given to the stalk of
the tine or share.
Third, I claim making the wheel fixings of the hindermost wheels adjust-
able, so that the wheels may be secured at various points of the fixing, and
the implement thereby balanced according to the nature of the soil, the state
of the ground, or as circumstances may require.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
E. B. DENTALL. (L.S.)