Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Oil, Tar, and similar Substances for Generating Steam and other Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Oil, Tar, and similar
Substances for Generating Steam and other Purposes.
I, CARL ADOLF SAHLSTRÖM of Albert Quay in the City of Aberdeen Gentleman
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for burning oil tar and
similar substances for generating steam and for other purposes.
The oil tar or similar substance in the form of spray is thrown into the furnace
together with super-heated steam and hot air.
The apparatus by which the oil spray is produced and injected into the furnace
consists of a chamber closed in rear and contracted in front to a narrow taper throat
or neck beyond which there is a trumpet like mouth. This chamber has trunnions
near its hinder end and these are carried in bearings on a suitable support so that the
mouth can be directed upwards or downwards as may be desired. The trunnions are
hollow, and to one of these there is attached a pipe by which air heated as hereinafter
described is led into the chamber. The other trunnion is fitted with a valve, and
through it cold air can be admitted when desired, or the admission of cold air can be
stopped by closing the valve.
Super-heated steam is also supplied to the apparatus-it enters by a pipe passing
centrally through the trunnion, and the valve last mentioned and enters a box in the
interior of the chamber already described. A tube also passes through the box and
along the chamber it is tapered at its fore end and terminates in front in a small
orifice in the throat of the chamber. This tube is so arranged that it can be slidden
to and fro through the box, and so the orifice at the end of the pipe can be advanced
towards or drawn back from the mouth of the chamber to regulate the passage through
the throat.
The super-heated steam entering the inner box, passes into the tube by perforations
in its sides, and escapes at the aperture in the form of a jet. This jet in the throat of
the chamber induces air to enter by the trunnions and pass forward within the
chamber. The air and super-heated steam ultimately issue together from the mouth
of the chamber. The oil to serve as fuel is supplied to the current immediately before

page_text: it issues from the mouth of the chamber; this is done by an oil pipe which enters
through the top of the chamber into the mouth immediately in advance of the throat
or contraction. By a suitable valve the amount of oil admitted can be regulated. By
the action of the jet the oil becomes finely divided and it enters the furnace in a
condition very favorable to perfect combustion.
The jet of air and liquid fuel is caused to impinge upon a highly heated mass of
brickwork built up at the back of the fire box, and over this mass of brickwork a
fire brick arch is turned so as to form a chamber in which a vivid combustion is
maintained. The fire brick arch is perforated to allow the products of combustion to
pass and when thoroughly admixed and at uniform temperature to come into contact
with the walls of the fire box and to circulate in the flues.
In order to heat the air to be supplied to the jet apparatus I lay a pipe within the
fire box at its lower part: this pipe at the exterior of the furnace terminates in a
trumpet mouth fitted with a valve or cover to regulate the air current. The air to
supply the jet passing through the portion of the pipe within the furnace becomes
heated to the requisite extent.
The arrangement above described is especially applicable to steam boiler furnaces,
but it can be also applied to other furnaces, suitable modifications being made in the
fire-box.
Where solid fuel is employed the apparatus described may sometimes be used
without oil to urge the fire with a mixed blast of steam and heated air.
1000

page_text: Figure 2 is a rear elevation and
Figure 3 is a sectional plan.
Figure 4 is an elevation partly in section and Figure 5 is an horizontal section
illustrating the application of the apparatus to a Fields Boiler.
The apparatus by which the oil spray is produced and injected, into the furnace
consists of a chamber a closed in rear and contracted in front to a narrow taper throat
or neck a¹ beyond which there is a trumpet like mouth. This chamber has trunnions a²
and a near its hinder end and these are carried in bearings on a suitable support so
that the mouth can be directed upwards or downwards as may be desired. The
trunnions are hollow, and to one of these there is attached a pipe c by which air
heated as hereinafter described is led into the chamber. The other trunnion is fitted
with a valve d and through it cold air can be admitted when desired, or the admission
of cold air can be stopped by closing the valve.
Super-heated steam is also supplied to the apparatus-it enters by a pipe e passing
centrally through the trunnion, and the valve last mentioned and enters a box fin
the interior of the chamber a already described. A tube also passes through the
box and along the chamber it is tapered at its fore end, and terminates in front in a
small orifice g¹ in the throat of the chamber. This tube is so arranged that by means
of a hand lever g² it can be slidden to and fro through the box, and so the orifice at
the end of the pipe can be advanced towards or drawn back from the mouth of the
chamber to regulate the passage through the throat.
g.
The tube also has a cock g³ upon it which can be opened when necessary to clear
the orifice by a rod passed along the tube.

page_text: The super-heated steam entering the inner box passes into the tube g by perfora-
tions in its sides, and escapes at the aperture g¹ in the form of a jet. This jet in the
throat a¹ of the chamber induces air to enter by the trunnions a² a² and pass forward
within the chamber. The air and super-heated steam ultimately issue together from
the mouth of the chamber a. The oil to serve as fuel is supplied to the current
immediately before it issues from the mouth of the chamber; this is done by an oil
pipe which enters through the top of the chamber a into the mouth immediately in
advance of the throat or contraction. By a suitable valve the amount of oil admitted
can be regulated. By the action of the jet the oil becomes finely divided and it enters
the furnace in a condition very favorable to perfect combustion.
a³ is an arc of teeth on one of the trunnions, it gears with a worm the axis of
which has bearings upon the support b. By turning the screw the chamber a may be
inclined up or down as may be desired.
The jet of air and liquid fuel is caused to impinge upon a highly heated mass of
brickwork ii (see figures 4 and 5) built up at the back of the fire box, and over this
mass of brickwork a fire brick arch k is turned so as to form a chamber in which a
vivid combustion is maintained. The fire brick arch is perforated to allow the
products of combustion, to pass and when thoroughly admixed and at uniform
temperature to come into contact with the walls of the fire box and to circulate in
the flues.
In order to heat the air to be supplied to the jet apparatus I lay a pipe within the
fire box at its lower part: this pipe at the exterior of the furnace terminates in a
trumpet mouth l¹ fitted with a valve or cover to regulate the air current. The air to
supply the jet passing through the portion of the pipe within the furnace becomes
heated to the requisite extent.
The arrangement above described is especially applicable to steam boiler furnaces,
but it can be also applied to other furnaces, suitable modifications being made in the
.fire-box.
Where solid fuel is employed the apparatus described may sometimes be used
without oil to urge the fire with a mixed blast of steam and heated air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :—
י
1. Apparatus substantially as described consisting of a chamber with trunnions and
throat and mouth supplied with air through the trunnions and containing a box
supplied with steam which by an adjustable pipe traversing the box passes to the
throat as herein set forth.
2. The combination with apparatus substantially as described of the pipe / and
parts in connection therewith supplying liquid fuel to the mouth of the chamber a as
herein set forth.
3. The combination with apparatus substantially as described of the pipe / laid
within the furnace and supplying heated air to the chamber a as herein set forth.
4. Apparatus substantially as described operating by means of hot air and super-
heated steam to propel liquid fuel into a furnace as herein set forth.
5. Apparatus substantially as described and represented by the annexed drawings.
Dated this 10th day of An 1887