IMPROVEMENTS IN " THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF CRYSTALLIZED SUGAR FROM STARCH
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki Proprietor of the
firm of J Brandt & G W v Nawrocki Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer of
124 Leipzigerstrasse Berlin Germany, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
"
THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF CRYSTALLIZED SUGAR FROM STARCH
a communication from Thadeus von Korvin Sakovicz and David Rosenblum
both of Warsaw Poland in the Empire of Russia
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February
1883.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI Proprietor of the firm of J. Brandt &
G. W. v Nawrocki Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer of 124 Leipzigerstrasse
Berlin Germany "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF
CRYSTALLIZED SUGAR FROM STARCH" (A Communication from Thadeus von
Korvin Sakovicz and David Rosenblum both of Warsaw Poland in the Empire of
Russia)
According to this invention a solution of starch-sugar is produced containing
about 95 per cent of starch-sugar to 100 parts by weight of solid matter.
To attain this saccharification (which is as nearly as possible complete) of the
starch the Inventor proceeds substantially as follows.
Take for each 1 part by weight of starch free from water, 10 parts by weight of
water, mix the same by stirring so as to produce "starch-milk" therefrom, and add
a suitable proportion of anhydrous sulphuric acid, this proportion depending on the
circumstances under which the starch is to be transformed into sugar. If the
process of transformation into sugar is effected in open vessels, therefore at ordinary
atmospheric pressure, 4/1 per cent of anhydrous sulphuric acid has to be employed
and the mass has to be boiled for eleven hours. If however closed vessels are used
then at a pressure of 1 atmosphere above air pressure only 2 per cent of acid is
required and boiling during only five and a half hours; at 2 atmospheres pressure
1 per cent of acid and boiling for five hours; with a pressure of 3 atmospheres

page_text: 0.36 per cent of acid and a period of four and a half hours for boiling and at
4 atmospheres pressure 0.15 per cent of acid and boiling during four hours.
In this manner a solution of starch-sugar is obtained which contains about
97 per cent of sugar and only 3 per cent of other matters. This solution is
neutralized with chalk, cooled to 45° C. and is decolourized or bleached by an
addition of permanganate of potassa the quantity whereof is 0.2 per cent of the
weight of starch. A brown precipitate is produced whilst the solution of sugar
becomes clear, like water. The latter is then taken to filtering presses so as to
remove any plaster of Paris or brown precipitate that it may yet contain.
The liquid thus treated is now evaporated first in ordinary evaporating apparatus,
then in vacuum pans, till its specific gravity at 45° C. is 1.5.
The crystallization begins even whilst it is yet in vacuo and becomes complete
immediately it is removed therefrom at the temperature commonly obtained in
sugar factories. The separation of the crystalline starch-sugar from the liquid
foreign matters and water is effected either by the straining apparatus or by
_centrifugal separators.
By this invention the use of animal charcoal is or may be dispensed with.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th August 1883.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI Proprietor of the firm of J Brandt &
G. W v Nawrocki Patent solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124 Leipzigerstrasse
Berlin, Germany IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OFf
CRYSTALLIZED SUGAR FROM STARCH (a communication from Thadeus von Korvin
Sakovicz and David Rosenblum, both of Warsaw Poland, in the Empire of
Russia)
According to this invention a solution of starch sugar is produced containing
about 95 per cent of starch sugar to 100 parts by weight of solid matter
To attain this saccharification (which is as nearly as possible complete) of the
starch, the inventors proceed substantially as follows.
Take for each 1 part by weight of starch free from water, 10 parts by weight
of water, mix the same by stirring so as to produce "starch-milk" therefrom, and
add a suitable proportion of anhydrous sulphuric acid, this proportion depending
on the circumstances under which the starch is to be transformed into sugar. If
the process of transformation into sugar is effected in open vessels, therefore at
ordinary atmospheric pressure, 4 per cent of anhydrous sulphuric acid has to be
employed and the mass has to be boiled for eleven hours. If however closed vessels
are used, then at a pressure of 1 atmosphere above air pressure only 2 per cent
of acid is required and boiling during only five and a half hours, at atmospheres
pressure, per cent of acid and boiling for five bours with a pressure of 3 atmo-
spheres 0.36 per cent of acid and a period of four and a half hours for boiling
and at 4 atmospheres pressure, 0·15 per cent of acid and boiling during four
hours
In this manner a solution of starch sugar is obtained which contains about
97 per cent of sugar and only 3 per cent of other matters. This solution is
neutralized with chalk, cooled to 45° C and is decolourized or bleached by an
addition of permanganate of potassa the quantity whereof is 0.2 per cent of the
weight of starch A brown precipitate is produced whilst the solution of sugar
becomes clear like water. The latter is then taken to filtering presses so as to
remove any plaster of paris or brown precipitate that it may yet contain.
The liquid thus treated is now evaporated, first in ordinary evaporating apparatus,
then in vacuum pans, till its specific gravity at 45° C is 1.5.
The crystallization begins even whilst it is yet in vacuo, and becomes complete
immediately it is removed therefrom at the temperature commonly obtained in
sugar factories. The separation of the crystalline starch sugar from the liquid
foreign matters and water, is effected either by the straining apparatus or by
centrifugal separators.
By this invention the use of animal charcoal is or may be dispensed with.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this invention as
communicated to me, I declare that I claim.
First The preparation of a starch-milk of 10 parts by weight of water for each
1 part by weight of anhydrous starch, with an addition of either 4,1 per cent or
of 2, 1, 0.36, or of 0.15 per cent of anhydrous sulphuric acid, according to whether
the boiling is effected at ordinary pressure and in 11 hours, or at a pressure of
1. 2. 3, 4 atmospheres and in 51, 5, 4 and 4 hours respectively, this solution
being of such nature that anhydrous crystals form therein even whilst yet in

page_text: vacuum, and yielding a crystalline starch-sugar whose constitution is C 6 H 1206 as
set forth
Second The decolourization of the starch-sugar solution whose nature is indicated
in preceeding claim by permanganate of potassa as set forth
In witness whereof I the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki have hereunto 5
set my hand and seal this Twentythird day of July in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI
(L.S.)
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI (L.8.).