A NEW MACHINE FOR BORING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jozé Luis, of the British & Foreign Office for
Patents, No. 1B, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Sq, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW
MACHINE FOR BORING."-A communication.
Sealed the 21st April, 1859, and dated the 27th October 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jozé Luis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1858.
I, JOZE LUIS, of the British & Foreign Office for Patents, No. 1º,
Welbeck Street, Cavendish Sqre, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MACHINE FOR BORING," (a communication to me from a foreigner now residing
abroad,) to be as follows:-
The researches bitherto made by means of boring have been so expensive
that many persons who would have made them, had not the expense been so
heavy, have abandoned the idea, & mines thus remain unknown that would
otherwise have been in full activity if the means of discovering had not been
so expensive. The boring rods hitherto used, I have remarked, have been
nearly, if not always, the cause of accident; consequently, I have suppressed
them in my Invention, & in their place substituted cords, by which means
the machinery is reduced considerably, the timber work to about one-half, &
the workmen to three-fourths of the nuniber. The best way of describing

page_text: my new boring machine will be by comparing it with the one at present in
use.
My apparatus is easily worked by means of six, instead of ten, twenty, &
thirty men (the number always increasing), as required by the old apparatus.
With this number of workmen with my apparatus it is as easy to bore at the
depth of a thousand yards as at the surface. I attain this end by using
instead of the rods, (as above mentioned,) cords, & by making the perforating
instrument to fall free, thus allowing the weight of the frame to be equalized.
The inconveniences arising from the use of rods are well known, viz., in their
fall they either upset, break, or else bent their fastenings, thus causing trouble
& loss of time in taking up the broken instrument. By the use of the cord
instead of the rods, these & many other accidents are avoided. They work
without the least jerking, & tubing is avoided where the old system would
otherwise require it. The rotary movement of my apparatus is caused by a
simple machanical arrangement, which can be easily regulated according to
the consistancy of the earth, being bored instead of being turned by a man,
as in the old apparatus. My entire apparatus is seven yards in height; it is
of the diameter of the hole to be bored, consequently the hole must, of
necessity, be perpendicular. The clearing with the old instruments took up a
very long time, requiring, sometimes, three operations before the hole was
properly cleaned, & the boring piece had to be raised, each rod being
unscrewed; the boring piece was then replaced by a clearing instrument
which was sent down, each rod being rescrewed, as before; & then, when
full, it was raised, & each rod unscrewed, as before. If one journey was
sufficient, then the boring piece was replaced; but if three of these operations
were necessary, as it often happens, then a whole day must be employed. To
perform this operation by my apparatus the working cord is attached to a
windlass, & the working piece raised without the least interuption. Thus,
it will be seen, that the principle of my Invention is the adaptation of cords
instead of rods, as in the old system. The principal part of the apparatus,
or the part falling freely, is composed of three separate pieces.
First, of the boring instrument & rack, which is held by moveable hooks.
Secondly, of what may be called the moving apparatus, & which is fastened
to one of the cords attached to a windlass. The lower part supports the two
moveable hooks mentioned above; these hooks are held firm by two little
springs. This part is hollow, in order to allow the rod of the boring instru
ment to pass in the interior. The hollow tube, the moveable part, has the
form of a prism with 8 sides twisted on its axe, so as to obtain a twist of
-1 inches to each yard of the rod.

page_text: Thirdly, of what may be called the part fixed, which is always kept at an
equal distance from the bottom of the hole, & the height of the fall of the
drill or borer; it is worked by means of the windlass above mentioned, &
has the form of a fork, composed of two cylindrical segments of iron, covered
by two wooden segments, which serve to guide the apparatus against the sides
of the hole; the guide collars are fixed for the rod of the boring instrument.
The hooks above mentioned are fixed to the bottom of the twisted rod, & are
held firm by two steel springs; these springs are not absolutely necessary, as
the weight of the hooks themselves causes them to ketch.
Let us suppose the apparatus in action, the third or fixed part being
suspended to the cord of one windlass, & the moveable part being fixed to
the cord of another windlass, the apparatus is descended to the required
depth, care being taken to unroll an equal quantity of cord in order not to
change the respective position of the two parts of the apparatus. When this
all rests at the bottom of the hole the cord of the first-mentioned apparatus
is raised, & with it the forked or third part of the apparatus to the height of
the fall to be given to the boring instrument. It is fixed on the windlass,
then a toothed pinion is turned so as to bear on the teeth of the windlass; it
is turned in the same direction till the cogwork comes to the part untoothed
of the pinion; it thus unrolls & falls back to the boring instrument. It will
be easily seen, from the above description, how my system of cords & free fall,
instead of rods, is adapted to the boring instruments. The advantages thus
obtained are too evident to require enumeration, the expense of research being
greatly diminished, the price of my apparatus being only a tenth part of the
price of the apparatus now used. Fewer laborers are also required, & the
work is advanced in a much more rapid manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jozé Luis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
April 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOZE
LUIS, of the British & Foreign Office for Patents, No. 1B, Welbeck St.,
Cavendish Sqre, London, in the County of Middlesex, (Patent Agent,) send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto

page_text: me, the said Jozé Luis, Her special licence that I, the said Jozé Luis, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jozé
Luis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
'the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW MACHINE
FOR BORING," (a communication,) upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Jozé Luis, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jozé Luis, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
The object of the present Invention is the substitution of cords in the place
of the boring rods hitherto used, it having been remarked that these have
nearly always been the cause of accident in this necessary operation. By
this substitution, not only is the number of workmen reduced to three-fourths
the quantity generally required, but the machinery is considerably simplified,
and the whole apparatus is but a tenth part of the usual cost of those at
present in use. By means of the present apparatus, put in motion by six
men, it is as easy to bore at the depth of one thousand yards as at the surface
(the free fall of the boring tool permitting the weight of the cords to be
equalized). The rotary movement of the borer is caused by a simple
mechanical arrangement, which can be easily regulated according to the con-
sistency of the earth being bored. The entire apparatus is about twenty-one
feet high, and is suited to the diameter of the hole to be bored; & being
guided from one end to the other the hole must be perpendicular whatever be
the obstacles it meets with. The operation of clearing, so tedious and full of
delay, as executed by the old machinery, is effected by the present without the
least interruption, the working cord being simply attached to the windlass,
tush raising the instrument. The many inconveniences arising from the use
of rods are too well known to need enumeration; but by means of the present
system of cords, all these and many other accidents are avoided, as they work
without the least jerking. Tubing is thus avoided, where the old system

page_text: tion, due reference being made to the accompanying Drawings, how my system
of cords, with free fall instead of rods, is adapted to the boring tools; and the
advantages thus attained are too evident to require further enumeration.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, represent different views of the principal apparatus or
free falling apparatus. It will be seen from the Figs. 1, 3, & 4, that this is
composed of three clearly distinct parts.
The first part a, a, a, a, is composed of the tool and rack d, d, which is held
by the hooks, of which mention will shortly be made.
The second part or moveable apparatus b, b, b, b, is attached directly to the
cord of the windlass B, (see description of the machine,) the lower part
supports the hooks, which are held firm by two springs r, r; this part is
hollowed out, so as to allow the round rod of the tool to pass inside. The
rod passes above the rack. The hollow rod of the movable part has an
octagonal form, twisted on its axis, so that a twist of about one inch and a
half goes to each three feet of the rod. When the movable part is raised,
these sides are guided in the grooves g, g, the same as a screw in its nut.
The third part or fixed apparatus (so named from its being always main-
tained at an equal distance from the bottom of the hole, equal to the height
of the fall of the boring instrument) is worked by the windlass C & has the
form of a fork, composed of two cylindrical iron segments, of about one-third
of an inch, furnished with two wooden segments, which serve to guide the
apparatus against the sides of the hole; this fork c, c, c, c, governs the whole
height of the apparatus up to where the borer or drill is fixed; to it are also
adapted the three collar guides g, g, g, for the rod of the borer. At about 8
feet from the upper end the two branches of the fork are united by two other
cylindrical segments, the lower edge of which is bevelled off so as to leave a
space larger by about one-fifth of an inch than that of the hooks when shut
(see Fig. 4). The hooks b, b, as above stated, are fixed on the bottom of
the twisted rod and are held firm by two small steel springs; these springs
are not absolutely necessary as the axis is placed within little more than an
inch of the head of the hooks; thus their own weight obliges them to hook
oll. Let us suppose, for instance, the apparatus in position, as represented by
Fig. 4.
The fixed part is suspended to the cord of the windlass C, & the
movable part to that of the windlass B. The apparatus is lowered to the
desired depth, care being taken to unroll the same quantity of cord from both
windlasses, so that the respective position of the two parts is not changed.

page_text: When it all rests at the bottom of the hole the cord of the windlass C is
wound up, and with it the fork c, c, c, c, to the hight of the fall to be given
to the borer; it is fixed on the windlass. A toothed pinion is brought to
bear on the cogwork of the windlass B, the pinion is turned in the same
direction, and in this manner, as soon as the cogwork of the windlass comes
to the part of the pinion having no teeth, it unrolls till the tool is again met
with. Figs. 5 & 6 represents a sliding bar, the shock of which serves to force
in the clearer in the mud, and to drive away tho edges of the withdrawing tool,
Fig. 13. Fig. 7, another sliding bar. Fig. 8, section following the line
A, B, of the Fig. 7. Figs. 9 & 10, tool for seizing hold of the rod of a tool;
it has two hinged segments furnished with teeth; they open as the tool
ascends and allow it to pass, but hold it directly it falls back. Fig. 11, drill
or borer for samples, having four blades in the form of T for boring the hole,
leaving the core. Fig. 12, view from beneath. Fig. 13, tool for withdrawing
the core; it adapts itself to the end of the sliding bar, the lower part entering
in the hollow made by the drill or borer Fig. 11, the shock of the sliding bars
bringing the wedges or coins together; the core is detached. Fig. 14, the
same viewed from beneath. Fig. 15, enlarging borer. This tool is for
increasing the diameter of the hole and permitting the tubes to descend; four
adjusting screws, fixed to each blade, admit of its being increased or decreased
in size. A small circular piece of wood, surmounted by a stop bar, holding the
blades and sliding at the first upward movement in the tube which carries this
tool and receives the matters excavated; this tool is capped with a muffle of
wood to keep it straight, so constructed as to allow water to pass through, so
as not to lessen the shock of the tool in the fall. Fig. 16, the boring drill;
this ought to descend before the tubes, in order to sco if the hole is properly
rounded. Fig. 17, the same, seen from beneath. Fig. 18, iron clasp or
band. Fig. 19, borer, having four blades; the two under ones bore, and the
two placed above, at the distance of an inch and a half, smooth or level the
hole, serving at the same time to retain the instrument if it enters a fissure.
Fig. 20, the same, seen from beneath. Fig. 21 & 22, bell, with valve for
clearing the hole.
Fig. 23, tool for seizing hold of a broken cord.
Fig. A, machine having four uprights, & bearing the two pullies for working
the apparatus. Figs. B & C, windlasses; C is constructed in the ordinary
manner, and is used for working the fixed part of the apparatus; B is com-
posed of two pinions, one part of which resembles the pinion of the windlass,
the other part b, b, is without teeth for about one-fourth of its circumference.
When this pinion ceases to gear, the windlass unwinds itself, and the movable
part of the apparatus re-seizes the boring tool; this operation takes place, the

page_text: workman still continuing to turn. Either pinion can be made to gear by a
horizontal displacement of the shaft. When the weight of the cord is too
much, on account of the depth of the hole, the weight may be equalized by
winding a cord in the opposite sense on the windlass B with a return pulley
and a counterweight. Fig. D represents a side view of the windlass. The
apparatus represented by the Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, above described, can be employed
in all cases, however full of difficulties, but the one, the description of which
follows, has had certain modifications, and can only be employed in close or
firm grounds; but in this case it is preferable on account of its extreme
simplicity and facility in use. The principle is however exactly the same,
being composed of the three distinct parts, as in the first arrangement.
1st, the rod of the tool with the rackwork.
1
2nd, the movable part, with the hooks for holding the rack work.
3rd, the fixed part, by which the unhooking of the instrument is effected;
but these parts, however, have been modified.
The fixed part, which descended outside up to the commencement of the
borer to guide it in its fall is done away with, and is replaced by a rod which
passes inside & by the centre of the rod of the borer, which instead of being
solid, as in the first arrangement, must be hollow, as well as the borer itself,
so as to allow the rod to rest on the ground. The guide is joined to the fixed
part by two adjusting screws, which permit the height of the fall being regu-
lated, as desired, by raising or lowering the part serving to unhook the tool.
This new arrangement enables the apparatus to have its support at the bottom
of the hole, thus rendering unnecessary the. cord used to sustain it, con-
sequently, only the one communicating the movement remains. It will be
remarked, that in proportion the borer sinks in the ground there will be in the
centre a carrot or core, that is to say, a picce of ground untouched, equal in
size to the guide. The following is a description of the manner in which the
guide crushes this core without necessitating any attention being paid to it :-
The inner guide of which we have just spoken, has two different diameters
at the bottom; it ought to be about two inches in diameter, up to a height
exceeding by 18 to 20 inches the height of the fall which has been adopted.
The upper part is only about an inch and a quarter in diameter, and its length
is limited by the movable part of the apparatus. The interior hollow of the
rod of the boring tool is of the same form as that represented by the guide,
and the height of the lower part (part having the largest diameter) is so
arranged that when the core has reached the height of about two inches, the
narrowed part of the rod of the tool strikes against the shoulder of the guide
and by the shock crushes the core. The borer continues its work till another

page_text: core of the same height has been formed, when it is crushed in the same
All the accessory tools above described for the first arrangement
remain the same, except the sample borer Fig. 11, which must be hollow,
like the boring tool adapted to this arrangement.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details therein described
as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle of
action thereof; but what I claim as new, and of my Invention is,-
1st, the automaton rotation of the borer, as applied to boring, cords being
substituted for the rods hitherto used.
2nd, the means of guiding the boring tool with certitude in the two
apparatus.
3rd, the boring drill and the sample borer.
4th, the system of free fall and the unhooking which permits of increasing
the height of the fall without a corresponding loss in power, which remains
the same whatever be the course of the fall or the depth of the boring.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jozé Luis, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOZE LUIS
JOZE LUULS
(IS)