Improvements in Machinery for Operating on Leather or other Skins or Hides.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Operating on Leather or other
Skins or Hides.
I, JOSEPH HALL, of Burley Engine Works, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Machines for operating on hides skins and leather have for many years been
constructed with one or two cylinders or rollers fitted all round with blades parallel
to the axis; in my Patent Specification 1503 of 1886 I describe such an one, the
leather or skin to be operated on being passed over a feed roller and a draw off roller
bearing upon a lower rubber roller constituting an elastic bed. Cylinders fitted with
helical ribs or blades passing off in opposite directions from the middle of the length
of the cylinder have also been used in such inachines in connection with elastic bed
for the leather and are described in my Patent Specification 23720 of 1894, these
ribs or blades when used for leather softening have the action of stretching the
leather from side to side and the feeding and drawing off actions are such as to pull
the leather lengthways. Now in order to afford a still firmer hold upon the leather
during the softening process and generally to provide a larger number of points of
action in operating on leather or skin by such helical blades or ribs I make their
acting edges with projections or teeth, or of a wavy form. The blades may be made
of steel and be inserted in helical grooves turned into the cylinder or be fixed to the
cylinder by lugs or flanges and screws. Or by a modification the helical blades
having by preference toothed or wavy acting edges are fitted to an endless apron
passing round two cylinders.
.
Another part of my invention consists in arranging side by side two cylinders
having helical blades going in opposite directions and with plain or toothed or wavy
edges in combination with rising and falling framing intermediate between the two
blade cylinders and carrying at the top a pulley or bar upon which the skin or
leather is laid, and depends on both sides, so that one such depending part is acted
on by one blade cylinder and the other depending part by the other blade
cylinder. The skin or leather does not however rest directly upon the
said pulley but upon an endless band or apron passing round the pulley and
lower guide pulleys and around a bottom pulley having by preference adjustable
or elastic bearings. This apron forms the elastic bed or backing for the
skin or leather. The blade cylinders are made to recede from each other by suitable
gear for each blade cylinder for the purpose of permitting the aforesaid framing with
the leather carrying apron and pulleys to rise between them and then to approach to
each other when the blade cylinders are to operate upon the leather. Such gear
may consist of a guide roll for the leather its spindle having at each end a lever to
which is jointed a bell crank lever that by a link is connected to a double armed
lever which at its upper end carries or forms the bearing for the blade cylin ter
spindle.
The aforesaid rising and falling framing may be operated by hand or machinery
with suitable clutch gear and in the latter case either both raised and lowered

page_text: positively and if desired at two different speeds, or merely raised, while the lowering
is controlled by a brake.
Instead of using two blade cylinders, which at the same time operate upon two
parts of the skin or leather I may use only one blade cylinder in connection with
a rising and falling framing carrying the endless apron forming the elastic
backing or bed for the leather. When I use one blade cylinder or an endless
apron fitted with blades I may employ a horizontal or inclined table carrying an
elastic bed.
My invention is partly applicable to the machinery described in my Patent
Specification 4199 of 1896.
$
I may use the nipping bar J described in that Specification or an ordinary
nipping bar for holding the skin or leather in position.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
Improvements in Machinery for Operating on Leather or other
Skins or Hides.
I, JOSEPH HALL, of Burley Engine Works, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Machines for operating on hides skins and leather have for many years been
constructed with one or two cylinders or rollers fitted all round with blades paraile!
to the axis; in my Patent Specification 1503 of 1886, I shew such an one, the leather
or skin to be operated on being passed over a feed roller and draw off roller which
bears upon a lower rubber roller constituting an elastic bed. Cylinders fitted with
helical ribs or blades passing off in opposite directions from the middle of the length
of the cylinder have also been used in such machines in connection with an elastic
bed for the leather, and are described in my Patent Specification 23720 of 1894;
these ribs or blades when used for leather softening have the action of stretching the
leather from side to side and the feeding and drawing off actions are such as to pull
the leather lengthways. Now in order to afford a still firmer hold upon the leather
during the softening process and generally to provide a larger number of points of
action in operating on leather or skin by blades or ribs such as named and upon
blades or ribs of any kind suitable for the purpose I make their acting edges with
projections or teeth or of a wavy form and combine on one cylinder different rows or
systems of blades so placed and distributed or arranged as to afford a larger number
of points of action.
Fig. of the accompanying drawings is an elevation of my improved working
roller or cylinder; Fig. 2 a sectional end view; Fig. 3 a diagram showing part of
the surface of the roller spread out flat; and Fig. 4 is a diagram indicating the
varying angles of the blades. Fig. 5 shows an alternative form of blade edge.
This roller A is for softening, grounding or setting-out purposes. The blades form
a continuation of blades of various kinds, all having curved edges as shown in
Figs. 1 and 2.
The blades A¹ are fixed in straight lines parallel to the axis of the
roller and so that the highest points of the blades in each row (two rows are here
shewn) come alternately with those of the other rows of these blades. The helical
blades A² are so fixed that their highest points are intermediate between those of the
straight blades A¹. The helical blades A³ and A* are set to varying angles between

page_text: the blades A1 and A2, so as to give more points of contact with the skin and to exert
a stretching action upon it. Additional helical blades A and straight blades A5 may
be fixed for the same purpose. The arrows along the line A6-A7 shew the number
of points of contact in one revolution or one part of a revolution of the roller. The
blades A¹ and A² may be made in long lengths as shewn in Fig. 5 instead of in short
pieces. The action of rollers of this kind is a stretching and softening one but if
the blade edges are made sharp the roller may be used for grounding. The blades
of the form and arrangement described and having by preference wavy or toothed
acting edges may be fitted to an endless apron passing round two cylinders. Fig. 6
is a side view of a machine so fitted and Fig. 7 a front view, Fig. 8 shews one
arrangement of the blades or working tools and Fig. 9 another such. In this
machine the blades are fixed on an endless band A. The blades A¹ may have short
blades A² which may be fixed at varying angles to the blades A¹ as shewn in Fig. 8
as before explained, or straight blades A³ may be provided alternately with angular
blades as shewn in Fig. 9.
The frames C have bearings for a shaft B with fast and loose pulleys B2 and B³, and
a pulley B¹ on which the endless belt A runs. The belt A passes from the pulley B¹
over a pulley B4 on a shaft B5 which runs in bearings in the frames C and carries a
spur wheel B at one end and a spur wheel B7 at the other end. The wheel B° gears
with the pinion B8 fixed on the shaft of the india rubber roller B° which is carried in
adjustable spring bearings B10 in the frames C; the roller B' is driven in the opposite
direction to that of the belt A.
The skin is supported upon a movable table D which has a bed D¹ of india rubber
or the like covered by a leather apron D². The table has guide pegs D³ which pass
through brackets D4 on the frames C. The table D is elastically supported by another
table D' with springs D round the guide pegs D³ which pass freely through the
table D' E is a shaft mounted in the frames and carrying a foot lever E¹ with upper
continuation E2 which by a link E³ is connected to a lever E' carried on a shaft E'.
Links E connect the levers E2 E to lugs E7 on the table D5. Thus when the foot
lever is allowed to rise the levers E2 and E* on shafts E and E5 turn and the table D5
is lowered until it rests on the brackets D4 being guided by the pegs D³. The table D
has two bearings F for the shaft of an india rubber roller F¹. The wheel B7 on the
shaft B5 gears with an idle wheel F2 carried by a link F3 which swings on the shaft of
the rubber roller F¹. The idle wheel F2 gears with a wheel F* fixed on the shaft of
the roller F¹, thus driving it in the same direction as the belt A. When the foot
lever E¹ is released and the table D³ rests on the brackets D¹ the skin can be passed
between the nipping rollers B and F" and the foot lever is then depressed and the
skin on the table D brought up to be acted on by the blades on the belt A; the rollers
B and F¹ at once begin to pull the skin out against the pulling action of the
blades A¹ on the belt A. The pressure of the roller B is adjustable. An adjustable
plate G may be fixed between the frames C so as to press upon the inner side of the
belt and press it against the table D; or a roller or rollers may be used for the same
purpose.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation of another forın of endless band machine and Fig. 11 a
front view Figs. 12, 13 and 14 shew three arrangements of the working tools or
blades. In this machine there are two endless belts A with tools A¹ which may have
short blades A² fixed at varying angles as before explained. The tools are so arranged
that those on one belt work alternately between those on the other belt, as shewn in
Fig. 10.
The dotted lines in Figs. 12, 13 and 14 shew the position of the alternate
blades when at work. The centre line of the angular blades may be displaced to one
side, the other blades correspondingly to the opposite side as shewn in Fig. 13.
frames C carry a shaft B with fast and loose pulleys B2 B3 and also with a pulley B¹ on
which the upper belt A runs. This belt passes from pulley B¹ to a pulley B4 on a
shaft B5 running in bearings in the frames C. On the shaft B5 is a spur wheel Be
which gears with a pinion B7 fixed on the shaft of the india rubber roller B8 which
runs in adjustable spring bearings B9 in the frames C the roller B8 being thus driven
in the opposite direction to that of the belt A. Fitted in guides C¹ on the frames C
The

page_text: The
are two frames C2 which carry the shafts C3 C4 and pulleys C5 and C6 over which the lower
belt A runs. The pulley C is driven by a spur wheel C7 on the shaft B, said wheel
gearing with an idle wheel C8 carried by a swinging arm C" on the shaft B: links (12
connect the wheels C8 and C⁹. The latter gears with a wheel C¹º fixed on a shaft C4
so that the lower belt A is driven in an opposite direction to that of the upper belt.
The shaft C³ carries a wheel C¹ gearing with a wheel C15 fixed on the spindle of an
india rubber roller C¹ which runs in bearings C17 projecting from the frame C²; the
roller C¹ is thus driven in the opposite direction to that of the lower belt A.
frame C carries the shaft E of a foot lever E¹ which has a short lever E2 and a link E³
connects the latter with a similar lever E on a shaft E5. Links E6 connect the
levers E2 and E* with the sliding frames C² forming toggle joints. Thus when the
foot lever E¹ is released the franes C2 along with the lower belt A and the nipping
roller C16 descend in the guides C¹. The motion may be regulated by an adjustable
stop above the foot lever E¹. The skin is passed over the roller C16 and the foot lever
depressed when through the means described the frames 02 with lower belt A and
nipping roller C16 are raised. The nipping rollers B and C16 at once act to draw the
skin out against the pulling action of the tools on the belts A. An adjustable plate G
may be fixed between the frames C above the lower part of the upper belt A so as to
press it down towards the lower belt, or a pulley or pulleys may be used for the same
purpose, and if necessary also below the lower belt. The nipping rollers may be
driven by pitch chain gearing instead of tooth wheels.
Another part of my invention consists in a machine for softening or setting out
skins, leather, hides or the like, in which two working cylinders or rollers, fitted with
blades as described are arranged side by side, in combination with a rising and
falling framing or table arranged intermediate between the two working rollers and
provided with a pulley adapted to carry an apron for receiving the skin or leather to
be treated on both sides so that one working cylinder acts on one depending side
of the leather and the other cylinder on the other depending side of the leather.
The apron forms the elastic bed or backing for the leather.
Fig. 15 is a front elevation of such a machine. Fig. 16 a part end elevation
shewing the means for driving the working cylinders and for raising the table;
Fig. 17 is a sectional end view shewing the means for moving the working rollers
apart or together. Fig. 18 is a sectional view shewing the means for controlling the
movement of the table and apron. Fig. 19 is a plan view of the machine, Fig. 20
is a part end view showing the table and the buffers for same; Fig. 21 is a part
front elevation shewing the nipping bar fixed to and released from the table. Fig. 22
is a part sectional end view shewing the arrangement of means for withdrawing the
spring bolts, Fig. 23 is an end view of the rocking lever, Fig. 24 is a plan view of
same Fig. 25 is an end view of the rocking frame and the hooks for attaching the
apron.
The working rollers A A provided with blades as described are arranged side by
side on shafts A in swinging or pendulous levers B having each a fulcrum spindle B¹
in bearings B2 in the frames C. The levers B also carry shafts D. The working
rollers A A are driven in opposite directions from a counter shaft E provided with
fast and loose pulleys E1 and E2, and with a pulley E³ and a sprocket wheel Et. The
shaft E is supported in adjustable bearings E5 in the frames C. The shaft of the
front roller A is provided with a sprocket wheel A driven by an endless chain A³
from the sprocket wheel E. The shaft of the back roller A has a pulley A° which
is driven by a crossed belt A¹ from the pulley E³. The chain A and the belt A
are kept sufficiently taut during the swinging in and out of the rollers A by means
of a small sprocket wheel F and a pulley F mounted in a lever F2 having its fulcrum
at F3 in a bracket F on the frame C, said wheel F, pulley F1 and lever F2 pressing
with their weight against the chain A* and belt A10 respectively. On the shafts D
are fixed levers D₁ pivotted at D2 to a vertical rod D³ guided in bearings D' and
carrying fingers De. On a shaft G carried by bracket G¹ at upper end of the
frames C there are two levers G2 and a hand lever G³. Chains or cords G* connect
the levers G2 to the joint D2. Thus on pulling the chain or cord Gʻ attached to the

page_text: lever G³ the chains G lift the rods D³ and by the levers D¹ cause the rollers A to
separate. When this is done, a lever H pivoted on a lug on the frame at H¹ and
connected by a forked lever H2 to a spring handle H3 is by the spring causeri to
swing under the end of the rod D³ at the driving side of the machine. The end of
the lever H rests on a lug H'. When the cord G is released the rod D' rests on the
lever H and the rollers A A are held in that position.
The skin is supported on a leather apron K which passes over a roller K¹ carried
in bearings K2 on the table slides K³ which can slide up and down the projections K*
on the frames C. The ends of the apron K pass over an oscillating frame K fixed to
a rocking shaft K and are then fixed to hooks K7 carried to lugs K8. Springs h
serve to allow the apron K to adjust itself. The rocking shaft Ke is carried in spring
bearings K10 in the lower part of the slides K³. Affixed to one end of the shaft Ko
is a rocking lever K" shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 18, and shewn separately in
Figs. 23 and 24. Fixed to the frame C are two brackets L in which are two
bolts and L2. Springs L³ serve to push them forward into the path of the
lever K. Spring catches L' and L are fixed below the bolts Land L2 and engage
the same to hold them back when retracted by the mechanism to be described.
When the table descends after passing up between the rollers A, an arm of the
lever K will touch the corresponding catch L or L5 and allow the corresponding
bolt or L² to shoot forward above the lever Kn On commencing another stroke
the lever K will be caused to swing and thus through the brackets or levers K5
will move the apron K over the roller K¹ so as to bring that part of the skin that
was ou the roller K₁ and which had not been worked before into a position where
the roller A can work upon it.
After the lever K₁ passes the bolt it is held from moving further by a pin M in
one end which engages a spring quadrant M¹ fixed to the slide K³. On the next
descent of the table the other lever K" releases a bolt (the other bolt. having
meanwhile been drawn back by mechanism to be described) and the apron K is
moved in the opposite direction, and so on alternately.
When the turning motion is not desired the lever K can be prevented from
touching the spring catches L or L5 by the means shewn in Figs. 15 and 20. N is
a hand lever pivotted between lugs N₁ on the machine bed. N2 is a shaft carried in
bearings on the said bed and having buffers N³ connected to the lever N by a link N4.
One part of these buffers is higher than another so that when the hand lever N is
pushed in the highest parts of the buffers N³ meet the bottom of the slides K³ and
thus the lever K¹¹ does not release either of the bolts L¹ or L². When the lever N
is pulled forward the slides K³ descend lower and the lever K" thus releases one of
the bolts, and the apron K is moved on its next ascent.
The table is driven from the shaft E as follows:-A sprocket wheel P7 runs loose on
the countershaft E. A clutch box P, fast to the shaft E is adapted to fix the wheel P
to the shaft E when the boss P' is forced into contact with the spring finger P2. The
boss P is operated by a bellcrank lever P+ pivoted at P3 and jointed at its other end
to a vertical rod P5 having a horizontal bar P' which is held up by a catch H' on the
spring handle H³. A chain or cord P³ connects the bar P6 to the joint D². The
sprocket wheel P' drives the sprocket wheel R¹ carried in adjustable bearings R* by_a
pitch chain R2. On the shaft R are two sprocket wheels R³ which by the chains R4
running over guide pulleys R' drive the sprocket wheels R5 fixed on a shaft R*
carried in bearings on the frame C. The chains R* are at R attached to the table
slides K³.
When the spring handle H³ is pushed to one side the lever H is moved from under
the rod D³ thus allowing the rollers A to approach each other. At the same time the
horizontal bar Pe is released from the catch H5 and the rod P5 drops causing the
lever P to force the boss P¹ into contact with the finger P2, and thereby fixing
the wheel P' to the shaft E and raising the table. As the table reaches the end of
its stroke the stops S fixed on the slides K³ meet the fingers D' and lift the rod D³
thus forcing the rollers A apart then the chain Ps lifts the bar P and rod P³ thus
throwing the boss P¹ partially out of gear with the clutch P so that the motion of

page_text: the table stops. The operator then pulls the chain G' and lifts the rods D³ higher so
that the handle Hs springs back and carries the lever H under the rod 13 and also
lifts the bar Po into the catch H³ again. The table then descends by gravity but its
motion may be controlled by an ordinary brake arrangement.
At the bottom it rests
on the buffers N³ (Figure 20).
If the automatic turning motion is being used when the cord G6 is pulled and the
rollers A swing apart the same motion is used to pull back the bolt L'or L² which
may be projecting in the following manner (see Figure 22).
On the shaft D is a pulley T over which runs a cord T2 fixed at one end to the
frame C at T3 and passing over another pulley T¼ mounted on the frame it is attached
to a lever T3 pivoted at T and having a latch T. On the brackets L (Figure 18) are
pivoted at Le two bellcrank levers L connected by pin and slot at L8 to a vertical
rod L having a collar L and guided in a bearing L". Thus when the cord G° is
pulled the shaft D carrying the pulley T swings outwards and by the cord T* lifts the
lever T5 and the rod Lº. The levers L7 are thus moved and draw back whichever of
the bolts L or L2 that may project (when held by spring catches LA and L). When
the rollers A have swung apart as far as they will the lever T5 has cleared the collar L10
so that the rod L' and levers L' drop thus leaving the bolts free to shoot forward on
the descent of the table. When the rollers A are allowed to be brought together the
lever T drops and the latch T7 being free to tilt upwards enables it to get beneath
the collar L again so as to be ready for the next lift.
It will be seen that the rollers A work on the skin resting solely on the apron K.
To spread the apron out and provide a greater surface to be acted upon at one time
by the rollers A two side rollers V sliding in guides VI in the frames C are so
arranged that as the rollers A are brought together the rollers V are raised beneath
the apron K as follows: Pivoted on the frames C at V2 are four levers V³ in the slots
of which the ends of the shafts A® rotate. The lower ends of these levers are
joined by adjustable links V4 to bell crank levers V5 pivoted at Vo the slotted ends
of which engage with bosses on the guides V₁ so that as the rollers A move
towards each other the levers act to raise the rollers V beneath the apron K and to
spread it so that it embraces more than one third of the circumference of the
rollers A. On a shaft W carried in bearings in the frames C is fixed a foot lever W¹.
On the ends of the shaft W are fixed two short levers W2 joined by links W³ to bell-
crank levers W which are pivoted at W³ to the frames C. The levers Ware jointed
to adjustable rods We which carry pulleys W7 under which passes a cord or chain W8,
then over pulleys W10 pivoted on the frames C and having the ends attached to
blocks W which are fixed on the shafts D. When the foot lever W¹ is depressed,
the levers W and W*, rod We, pulleys W' and W10, and the chain W8 act to bring
the rollers A together with the required pressure to the work.
As the table passes between the rollers A the roller K¹ comes in contact with a
horizontal bar X (Fig. 21) sliding on ribs K, and carries it up with it. Pivoted in
this bar X are two forked levers X¹ having hooks X2. The forked parts have pro-
K
jections at X3 which enter into grooves X in the ribs K*. These grooves are partly
inclined. As the bar X is lifted, the inclination of the grooves K* forces the
hooks X2 under the pins X³ in the slides K³ thus clamping the skin and the apron
upon the roller K¹ and so preventing the rollers A from dragging the skin off if it has
been laid unevenly over the roller K¹. As the table descends the inclined grooves X'
release the hooks X2 from the pins X5 so that the bar X is released and held suspended
by the levers X¹ while the table continues its descent.
Figs. 26 and 27 shew another mode of raising the side rollers V whereby the apron
is drawn taut as the table moves upwards. The rollers V are carried in the ends of
bellcrank levers V5 pivoted at V6 to the frames C and have bearing blocks V₁ sliding
in the quadrant slots V7. Mounted on each working roller shaft A is an adjustable
link V which is jointed to the shorter arm of the bell crank lever V5 on the opposite
side of the machine so that as the rollers A are brought together or apart they lift
or lower the side rollers V for the same purposes as before explained.
Figs. 28, 29, 30 and 31 shew a blade sharpening attachment for sharpening the

page_text: straight blades without removing the rollers A in the class of machine described with
reference to Figs. 15 to 27 where the rollers cannot conveniently be removed and
sharpened by band. By removing one piece and substituting therefor another the
device may also serve to sharpen the helical blades as will be described further on.
On the shafts B¹ are mounted freely levers Y which have pivoted to them levers Y¹.
Attached to the latter and moved by them in a circular path are bars Y2 Y2 which
carry adjustable steels Y3 and Y*. A shaft Y5 passes through the levers Y and is at
one end connected by a link Ye to a lever Y7 pivoted at Y8 to the machine frame C
so that when lever Y7 is depressed the levers Ŷ which carry the levers Y¹ and bars Y2
are swung downwards so that the steels Y3 and Y* come into contact with the edges
of the straight blades on the roller A which has been fixed in position by the following
device. The levers Y7 have a hooked end Y with an inclined wedge shaped
part Yo, adapted to meet a corresponding part Y" on a clutch sleeve Y¹² and so move
it along the shaft A°. When the lever Y7, is depressed, the sleeve Y¹² is moved
on the shaft A6 and releases the clutch pulley A" from the shaft A° so that
it runs loose on it. Then a projection Y¹s which passes through the bracket B
meets a stop Y14 upon the roller A and fixes it in position for the steels to act upon
the blades. The further movement of the lever Y' carries the bearings B and rollers A
further apart until the shafts D are pressed hard against the blocks Y10 thus holding
the rollers A firmly. By moving the levers Y' by their handles (a man on each side
of the machine) a motion is given to the steels Y3 and Y in a circular arc
corresponding to the curves of the blade edges, which are thus sharpened.
levers Y may be held by a spring catch during this operation. When the rollers A
are released they swing towards each other again until they are held as explained.
The clutch sleeve Y¹2 is then forced back by a spring Y15 into gear with the
clutch pulley A11 which is thus fixed to the shaft A so that the rollers A rotate
again. At the same time the steels Y3 and Y4 and the bars Y2 have been lifted out
of the way by the links Yo.
The
Fig. 31 shews in section one form of the clutch pulley A". Fig. 31 is
an elevation of a clutch within it, Fig. 31B a sectional plan of part of same,
and Fig. 31° a side view. A boss Z is fixed on the shaft A° and carries
a finger Z pivoted between two lugs Z¹. The finger Z2 has an incline
on one side. A split spiral spring ring Z4 surrounding the boss Z has an
inclined projection 75 at one end and a lug 77 at the other, this ring is secured to
the lug Z by a screw Zº. When the finger Z² is raised by the clutch sleeve Y¹ the
incline on the finger Z and coming against the inclined projection 75 acts to expand
the ring Z against the entire inner surface of an inner rim Z3 on the pulley A¹¹.
This pulley rotates continuously freely on the shaft A so that when the ring Z
grips the rim Z³ the boss Z and shaft A6 are caused to rotate. When the clutch
sleeve Y12 is moved away, the ring contracts and allows the pulley A¹¹ to run free.
The pressure of the ring 74 may be adjusted by the screw Z' as required to give
exactly the desired driving power.
In order to use this blade sharpening attachment for the helical blades the straight
bars Y2 are taken off and helical bars substituted.
Fig. 32 is a side elevation of a machine for the above named purposes, having
only one working roller or cylinder.
Fig. 33 is a plan.
Fig. 34 is an end elevation, and
Fig. 35 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the upper middle part of the
machine.
The working roller A of the character described and shown in Figs. 1, 2 & 3 is carried
on a shaft A running in bearings in the frames B. The shaft A is provided with
fast and loose pulleys A* and Axx by which the machine is driven. Adapted to slide
in grooves in the frames B is a table B¹ having standards B2 and B3 at its ends to
which the apron K is fastened. The table is inoved up and down from the shaft A*
as follows. The shaft A6 carries a pulley B+ fixed thereon. Over this pass an open
belt B³ and a crossed belt B adapted to drive loose pulleys B8 and B7 on the shaft E

page_text: or when moved by mechanism to be described to drive a pulley B° fixed to shaft E.
On the shaft E is fixed a spur pinion E¹ which gears with a rack on the table and
thus drives it up or down according as the open or the crossed belt is on the pulley Bº.
Above the table B¹ and below the apron K is a vertically movable frame C which
carries rollers C in spring bearings C². This frame is adapted to be raised by
mechanism to be described, to bring the skin upon the apron K up to the roller A.
On a shaft D carried by the frames B is fixed a hand lever D¹ also two levers D² which
by means of a connecting link D³ are joined to similar levers D4 and D³ carried on
shafts D and D7. Links Ds and D° are jointed to levers D and D5 and to lugs D¹º
on the frame C, passing through openings in the table B₁ and forming toggle joints.
The frame C is guided by sliding bearings in the frames B so that when the lever D¹
is operated the frame C and rollers C' are raised or lowered as desired.
The belts B and B are moved by belt forks carried on a bar F2. Pivoted at F is
a weighted lever F¹ connected to bar F2 by a pin and slot. The bar F2
above
passes
the table B¹ and has a projection F3 adapted to engage with tappets F4 and F5 fixed
to table B¹ which thus move the bar F2 when the table reaches the end of its stroke
and so reverse its motion. The bar F2 is prolonged beyond the stop F3 and carries a
collar F adapted to be engaged by a forked rod F pivoted to hand lever D¹ and
guided in lugs F8 so that when the hand lever D¹ is pushed forward the frame C and
rollers C¹ are lowered and the rod F7 passes the collar Fe so that when the table has
finished its stroke and the rod F2 is moved by the tappet F³ the forked rod F' prevents
the bar Ffrom moving beyond the centre and stops the table B₁ although the weighted
lever F¹ swings over. A skin can now be thrown upon the apron K. The end of it
is brought over the projection B2 and held there as follows."
When the lever D¹ is
pulled out the lever F¹ swings further and starts the table. The motion of the
levers D2 14 and D5 raises the link D³. On each link D³ works a runner G2 carried
by rods G¹ which pass through slots in table B' guided in lugs G³ and fixed to a
nipping bar G thus the skin is clamped between the bar G and projection B³ until
the lever D¹ is pushed back to stop the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The application and use of working rollers or cylinders provided with blades
with wavy acting edge for the purpose of affording a large number of points of action
substantially as set forth.
2. The application and use of working rollers having blades parallel with the axis
in combination with blades in helical directions and blades at varying angles
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 5.
3. The application and use of an endless band provided with blades parallel with
the axis in combination with blades in helical directions and blades at varying angles
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 8, 9, 12, 13 and 14.
4. The construction of leather working machine having an endless band provided
with working blades having a rising and falling table, and having adjustable rubber
nipping rolls for pulling out or feeding in the leather on skin all combined and arranged
substantially as described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7.
5. The construction of leather working machine having two endless bands provided
with working blades the blades on one engaging with the blades on the other, having
one belt adapted to be raised and lowered against the other by a treadle mechanism
and having adjustable rubber nipping rolls for pulling out or feeding in the leather
or skin all combined and arranged substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 10 and 11.
6. The construction of leather working machine having two working rollers side
by side, an apron forming an elastic bed for the article operated on, means for moving
the apron automatically or by hand, means for raising and lowering the apron
supporting framing, means for moving the working rollers towards or from each

page_text: other and means for tightening the apron
as its framing moves upwards, all
combined and arranged substantially as described with reference to Figs. 15 to 25.
7. The means for tightening the apron as its framing moves upwards as described
with reference to Figs. 15 to 27.
8. In combination with machines of the character described with reference to
Figs. 15 to 27 the blade sharpening attachment described with reference to
Figs. 28 to 31°.
9. The construction of leather working machine having a working roller, a
table with up and down motion and carrying an apron forming an elastic bed
for the article to be operated on, a frame with up and down motion between
the table and the apron and serving to bring the skin upon the apron up to the
roller, said motion being effected by a hand lever and tozzle joint links, which
lever also serves to stop the motion of the table for changing the skin, selfacting
reversing gear for changing the motion of the table at the top and bottom of its
stroke, and a skin nipping bar also operated by the hand lever all combined and
arranged substantially as described with reference to Figs. 32 to 35.
Dated this Nineteenth day of February 1898.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.