Improvements in and connected with Motors Worked by Gases under Pressure.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Sept., 1691-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Motors Worked by Gases
under Pressure.
1, VICTOR ALBRECHT of IV Schleifmühlgasse 3, Vienna, Austria, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a motor constructed with a gas generator in which fuel
is first converted under a high pressure into carbonic oxide gas which is completely
burned by the admission of atmospheric air, and the resulting gases or products of
combustion are directly employed as motive fluid to drive the motor. A motor
according to this invention is provided with the following parts:-
-
A specially constructed boiler-like gas generator in which fuel is first converted
under high pressure into carbonic oxide, which is then completely burned, and after
combustion, is admitted as the motive fluid into the working cylinder. This
working cylinder is also utilized as an air-pump cylinder; this is effected by
purposely making the clearance space formed by the space below the piston when
in its lowest position and the space in the port or passage in connection with the
lower end of the cylinder, of such a size that only such a portion of the air drawn
into and compressed in the cylinder, as is necessary for the combustion of the fuel
is forced into the gas generator, whilst the rest remains behind in the said clearance
space notwithstanding that the piston is in its lowest position. The compressed air
left in the clearance space when the piston is in its lowest position is shut in for a
two-fold purpose viz., that on the one hand its elastic force may be utilized to act
for a certain period of time upon the piston so that the work consumed in
compressing the air may be partially recovered, and on the other hand, that the
motion of the motor may be made more uniform by the action of this compressed
air. When the enclosed and compressed air has expanded to such an extent that
its pressure is equal to that of the external atmosphere, the air pump cylinder
is placed in communication with the outer air in order that fresh air may be
drawn in.
The gas generator, the gas inlet and outlet passages, the air supply passages, and
the slide valves of the motor are enclosed in a casing charged with water. The
water necessary for the internal cooling of the piston and cylinder is, in a certain
position of the main slide valve, forced into a port in the said slide valve, whilst a
certain quantity of compressed air passes from the generator into a cavity of the
expansion or cut-off slide valve. The port and valve cavity are then cut off by
the movement of the slide valves, and are in a suitable second position of the two
slide valves, connected with each other and with the cylinder space in such a
manner that the water previously forced into the said port of the main slide valve,
is blown by the compressed air issuing from the cavity of the cut-off slide valve, on
to the piston or into special passages formed therein.
In the same manner the excess of the water (which is pumped into the boiler or
casing, hereinafter called the water vessel in considerable quantity) is blown out,
and thus a constant water level is maintained in the water vessel.
In order that the pressure of the generator gases shall remain as constant as
possible, there is arranged in the air space of the generator a small cylinder, one
side of the piston of which is acted upon by the pressure of the generated gases,
the other side of the said piston being subjected to a pressure as constant as
possible, produced by causing the air space upon this side of the piston and
containing compressed air to communicate for a short time with the compressed air
space in the air pump cylinder, once at each revolution of the motor, by special
passages formed in the slide valves and other parts. By thus causing communication

page_text: at intervals between the two cylinders, the pressure of the air above and below the
piston in the smaller cylinder will vary, thus causing a movement of the piston
therein and also of a slide valve connected with the piston, whereby an opening
for the admission of air into the fire 'space'is 'more or less closed for the purpose of
regulating the rate of combustion in the gas generator in such a manner as to
maintain the gases produced therein at an almost uniform pressure.
The motor operates in such a manner that the flow of the hot gases of combustion
into the cylinder is cut off by the cut-off valve at a certain position of the piston, so
that the piston is at first driven down by the gases at full pressure, afterwards by
expansion of these 'gases. At the same time the air 'drawn into the space below
the piston on the previous upstroke will be compressed to a certain extent, and this
air space will be placed in communication with the air space in the generator by
special passages in the slide valves and other parts. A portion of the compressed
air will now be forced by the piston into the generator, whilst the remaining portion
will be left in a compressed state in the clearance space specially provided for the
purpose in which space it will be shut in when the piston is in its lowest position so
that it may drive the piston upwards by its expansion until it has lost the pressure
imparted to it by the previous compression. At this moment the cylinder space
below the piston is placed in communication with the external atmosphere, and
fresh air is drawn into the cylinder during the remaining portion of the upstroke of
the piston. The spent hot gases are forced out into the open air through special
passages during the entire upward movement of the piston.
"
1
The accompanying drawings illustrate a motor constructed according to this
;invention.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section showing the general arrangement of a motor
constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the motor, a portion of the cylinder and other parts
being shown in vertical section.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line of Fig. 1.
Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a front elevation partly in section, and a transverse
section showing the cylinder valve face, and other parts including a receiver
arranged above the valve face and containing a number of tubes.
. Fig. 6 is a horizontal-section on the line of Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 shows the cylinder, the exhaust passage and other parts in section on the
line of Fig. 1.
Fig. 8.is a vertical section through the exhaust passage, and exhaust pipe taken
on the line of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view to a larger scale, of a part of Fig. 1, and-shows-the
connection between the cylinder space and the outer air by means of a cavity in a
välve, it also shows means for regulating the pressure of the generator gases.
Fig. 10 is a horizontal section on the line a, a, [Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line of Fig. 10, illustrating the connection
between the air pump cylinder and the cylinder for regulating the pressure of the
generator gases.
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation on the line Fig. 9. of the left hand portion of
this figure; it illustrates the opening leading to the fireplace with the slide apper-
taining thereto.
}
Eigs. 13 and 14 illustrate the cut off slide valve in elevation and longitudinal
section respectively.
Eig. 15 illustrates partly in vertical section and partly in clevation, the gearing
between the governor and a quick-pitched screw which is connected to the movable
part of the cut-off valve.
Fig. 16 illustrates a portion of this gearing not shown in Fig. 15.
Figs. 17 and 18 illustrate the main slide valve in elevation and longitudinal
section, respectively.
Fig. 119 is a vertical section of part of the cylinder and of the two slide valves
taken on the lines y' y¹ of Fig. 4; yy of Fig. 17, and y³ ³ of Fig. 13; it shows

page_text: the passages for air and water which effect the internal cooling of the piston and
cylinder, and also the passages through which the water is led away from the
cylinder.
Fig. 20 is a horizontal section through the piston and cylinder on the line y*y* of**
Fig. 19, and shows the passages which serve for the cooling of the cylinder:
Fig. 21 is a horizontal section through the cylinder taken above the piston on the
line of Fig: 19.
Fig. 22 is a vertical section of the cylinder and of the two slide valves, on the.
lines y y of Fig. 4, y' y' of Fig. 17, of Fig: 13; and y³ y of Fig: 10,
shows.
the air and water passages which serve to maintain the water level constant in the
water vessel, and also the passages by means of which the small cylinder is connected
with the safety valve.
Fig. 23. shows a section through the upper half of the two slide valves, the section
being taken in a vertical plane inclined to the cylinder valve face; it also shows a
section through the lower half of the two slide valves and through the cylinder, this
latter section being taken in a plane at right angles to the cylinder valve face.
These sections are taken on the lines 100 of Fig. 4, y", y" of Fig. 17, y", y of
Fig. 13, and y, y, of Fig. 10, and show the connection of the generator with a
cavity in the cut-off valve and with a closed space arranged above the cylinder..
valve face.
Fig. 24 shows in external view the cylinder and valve chest and in longitudinal'
vertical section a water pump and its slide valve.
Fig. 25 is an elevation showing, the water pump with its slide valve, and' the
connection of this slide valve with the cross head of the cut-off slide: valve:
Fig. 26 is-a vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 1 showing a comb extending
between the grate bars.
1
As shown in Figs. 1 and 6, the generator consists of a boiler-like vessel A having
a fire place proper A lined with refractory material provided with a grate a and
connected to a feed shaft A into which the fuel is introduced through an. opening
formed in the outer casing B and which is normally closed by a door b. The
generator is divided by two partitions a¹ and a² (which are preferably made with
double walls, but which may also be single) that form separate passages D'and' C
respectively. The generator is enclosed in a casing or jacket B (herein called the
water vessel) which is filled to a certain height with water for the purpose of
cooling the compartments C and D. This water can pass into the spaces between the
double walls of each of the partitions a' and a when such are employed. The fire
place. A and the ash pit C¹are fitted with doors 61 and 62 respectively to enable the
fuel in the generator to be ignited; and to enable them to be cleared of the residues
of combustion. They are connected together by means of the air passage Cand
the opening in the partition a. The dimensions of the air passage and of the
opening are such that for the purpose of regulating the combustion a much
greater quantity of air can pass into the fire place A than is necessary for the
combustion of the carbon oxide gas produced. The door ', is made hollow with
the object of cooling it, and is in constant communication with a water vessel d by
means of a metal pipe and a rubber tube d, both in its opened and in its closed
attitudes. Above the opening closed by the door 1 is a shield a (Figs. 1, 6:
and 26) having double walls between which the water from the water vessel B can
circulate. In the ash pit C there is preferably arranged a comb a* (Figs. 1, 6
and 26) capable of being moved vertically in guides a (Figs. I and 6) so as to pass
up and down between the grate bars. The shield a and the comb a "have for object
to separate the space A³ (Fig. 1) below the former, from the remainder of the fire
space A', so as to enable readily combustible material to be introduced into the said
space and ignited. For cooling the door and also for convenience in igniting the
fuel in the generator any other known devices may be employed: The passage D
which is lined with fire proof material, communicates with unions or conduits. D'
and D that serve to lead the gaseous products of combustion from D to a
cylinder E

page_text: The large union or vessel F (Fig. 1) connects the water vessel B with the
working cylinder E, and is filled with water which entirely surrounds the gas and
air unions D¹ D², I, I', and J, J¹, arranged therein. The union or vessel F is also
connected with the steam space B₁ of the water vessel (Fig. 1) by means of the
pipe whereby the water is maintained at the same level throughout.
The tubular unions D2, I, & J, are capable of endways movement in relation to
the stationary or fixed unions D', I' and J¹, being arranged to move in
guides ƒ¹, ƒ³, ƒ³, respectively (Figs. 3, 6, 7 and 10) formed in the walls of the
union or vessel F, the said tubular unions being forced by the pressure of the
generator gases close up against the cut-off valve, and being prevented from moving
back by the wedge pieces f (Figs. 10 and 24).
In order to set the motor into operation, the fire space A¹ and the shaft A² are
supplied with fuel through the opening closed by the door b; the tank K (Figs. 1
and 3), the water vessel d, and the water vessel B are filled with water up to the
normal water level; the safety valve o' (Fig. 1) is closed; and the cut-off valve is
set to give the greatest amount of admission; further, after opening the ash pit
door, the comb at (Figs. 1 and 26) is raised, and the fuel separated by this comb
from the fire space A', is removed from the space A³ (Fig. 1) so as to lay bare a
portion of the grate. This space A³ is then filled with readily-combustible material
through the door way 1, the comb is moved down again, the combustible material
ignited, the doors 12 closed the fly wheel rotated by hand until the motor begins
to work. When this has taken place the motor is allowed to run idle for some
minutes so as to cause the fire to burn up briskly.
The resulting gases or products of combustion driving the motor must be as free
as possible from smoke and ashes. For this purpose carbonic oxide gas is first
generated from the fuel by causing a portion of the air pumped in to pass with low
velocity through the glowing fuel in A¹.
The carbonic oxide gas thus produced is then mingled with and completely
burned by air which passes from the ash pit space C₁ (Fig. 1) through the
passage C and opening a³ over the fire. When more carbonic oxide is generated
and burned than is necessary for driving the motor, the pressure of the resulting
gases increases to some extent above the normal, thereby raising the slide n³
(Fig. 1) by means of a special device hereinafter described, and increasing the size
of the opening a³. More air than before will now flow from the space CT through
the passage and opening a³ into the passage D, and less air than before will pass
through the grate a and through the glowing fuel in A', so that the quantity of
carbonic oxide generated will be diminished. The contrary result takes place
when the quantity of the carbonic oxide formed is not sufficient for driving the
motor and the pressure of the boiler gases falls below the normal in consequence.
In order to cause the compressed gaseous products of combustion to pass into the
cylinder and act upon the piston therein just before the piston has attained its
highest position, the port i (Figs. 1 and 5) of the cylinder is closed by the main
slide valve H and communication is effected between the cylinder space and the
passage D by connecting the port e (Figs. 1 and 5) with the unions D¹ and D'
by means of the opening e (Fig. 18) in the main slide valve H and the opening e
in the cut-off valve G G¹ (Fig. 14). The hot and high pressure gases then pass
from the passage D into the cylinder E until they are cut off, earlier or later, by
the cut-off valve G G according to the amount of admission. The piston E
(Fig. 1) is thus driven down at first by the full pressure of the gases and afterwards
by the expansion of the gases. During the next stroke of the piston the spent or
exhaust gases are as above stated, forced into the open air, passing through the
port (Figs. 1 and 5) of the cylinder, the opening (Figs. 1 and 18) of the main
slide valve, and the conduits I, I' and 2 (Figs. 1, 3, 7 and 8).
The passage of the hot gases through the several openings, ports and passages
cannot injure the slide valves because the latter are constantly surrounded by
water in such a manner that all polished or rubbing surfaces, which come in contact
with the hot gases, are also bathed in water during a part of every to and fro

page_text: movement of the slide valves, and are thereby coated each time with a thin film
of water which remains adherent to the same, and protects them from being readily
injured by the heat, whilst at the same time keeping the rubbing surfaces clean.
For effecting the combustion of the fuel in the space A' and for driving the
motor, only a definite portion of the quantity of air in the cylinder below the
piston is forced into the gas generator at each revolution of the motor, whilst
the portion of air in excess remains in the cylinder. In order to cause this latter
portion of the air to remain in the exact quantity required the passage (Fig. 1)
and the space remaining below the piston when the same is in its lowest position,
are made of such dimensions that the previously determined quantity of air which
is not to pass into the generator, shall just fill these two spaces when it has been
compressed to the normal pressure of the generator gases. By these means only
the quantity of air necessary for combustion, is pumped into the generator.
For this purpose the whole of the air previously drawn in and present in the
cylinder E under the piston E, Fig. 1, (when the piston is in its highest position)
is shut in by the slide valves, and is compressed during the downstroke of the
piston until the movement of the two slide valves allows their ports j' and
(Figs. 9, 13 and 14) to connect the cylinder E with the generator by means of the
air conduit JJ and C (Fig. 1). The piston E' will then until it reaches its
lowest position, force from the cylinder into the gas generator the portion of com-
pressed air necessary for combustion in the cylinder, the remaining portion being
left in the herein before mentioned space specially provided for the purpose, in the
cylinder and the passage j. This remaining portion of compressed air is cut off
from the gas generator by the slide valves when the piston assumes its lowest
position and serves to drive the piston upwards by expanding to the pressure of
the external atmosphere. At this moment the openings gl and g³ (Figs. 9 and 18)
in the main slide valve H are connected together by the cavity 2 (Figs. 9 and 14)
in the cut off valve G, and fresh air is drawn into the cylinder through the
passages,, cavity, and passages and j (Fig. 9) during the remainder of
the upward stroke of the piston. When the piston assumes its highest position
the passage is again closed and the air drawn in is compressed on the downward
stroke of the piston as before. Any other suitable and known arrangement of slide
valve or other valve mechanisms can be employed to admit of fresh air being drawn
into the cylinder E by the piston E' and for permitting the air when compressed
to pass into the generator. Figs. 3, 24 and 25 illustrate an advantageous arrange-
ment of water pump for pumping the cooling water from the tank K into the water
vessel B. As will be seen, this pump consists of a cylinder k, a plunger & con-
nected with the cross head of the main slide valve H, and a slide valve k which
is connected with the cross head of the cut-off valve G, and is pressed by
springs against the valve face of the pump cylinder. At every downward stroke
of the plunger (Fig. 24), the cavity 1 in the slide valve connects the passages 2
and 3, so that water is drawn into the cylinder from the tank K through the
pipe k
When the plunger moves upwards the valve moves downwards so
that the cavity 4 therein connects the passages 3 and 5, and water is then pressed
out of the cylinder through the passage cavity 4 and passage 5, and through
the pipe into a closed space or box L (Figs. 4 and 5) which is arranged above
the valve face of the working cylinder E is connected with the water vessel B
and has for object to prevent the water pumped in from becoming heated during
its passage to the water vessel. The water pump described may however be replaced
by any other of suitable construction; also the arrangement of the closed box L
is not absolutely necessary.
In order that the water in the water vessel B and in
the box L shall always remain at the same level, these parts are connected together
below the water level by the passage (Fig. 4) and above the water level by the
passage m in the union .J, by the passages m² and m² in the two slide valves, and
by the passage m³ and the pipe m (Figs. 4, 10 and 23).
N
In the box L there is further inserted a pipe (Fig. 4) reaching to the normal
water level and having for object to carry off at each revolution of the motor the .

page_text: excess water pumped in; in order that the water level in the water vessel B may
remain constant. The excess water collecting in the passages (Fig. 22) and in
the pipes, flows, at the highest position of the main slide valve, into a cavity s²
in the same, whilst at the same time the air highly compressed in the box L flows
therefrom through the pipe m', the passages m³ and m' and through the passage
of the main slide valve into a cavity (Fig. 23) formed in the cut-off valve.
When the slide valve H is in its lowest position, the space E² (Fig. 22) com-
municates through the passage with the cavity, which then communicates
through the passages (Fig. 22) with the cavity, so that the compressed air
in s will then blow the water out of s² into the space E2 (Figs. 20 and 22), which
surrounds the cylinder E (Figs. 1 2 and 6) for the purpose of cooling it externally.
In order to render the operation of the motor as free from danger as possible, it
is preferable to employ an arrangement as follows:-
The water and the air blown into the cooling space E' are conveyed therefrom
through the passage q (Fig. 19) into the cooling space q', and thence through an
opening into the vessel (Figs. 1 and 2). In this vessel is arranged a light bell t¹
which acts by means of a rod t2 and a lever o8 (Fig. 1) upon the valve o'. The
air rising up in the vessel is received by the bell t¹, whilst the water surrounds
this bell and flows off at the top through the pipe t³ (Fig. 2). The light bell is
13
therefore raised and in consequence the valve (Fig. 1) is firmly closed upon its
seat by means of the lever o³. The interior of the vessel t is further connected
with the overflow pipe t' by means of the pipe t* (Fig: 2) opening into the vessel t
above the bottom thereof. If now from any cause less water enters the vessel t,
than can flow off through the pipe *, the water level in the vessel t will fall, the
bell will then only be partially surrounded by water, and will therefore descend
and will thus press down the valve o' with decreasing force, so that the generator
gases can flow out past the said valve as hereinafter explained. This will be the
case when either too little water is supplied for externally cooling the cylinder E,
or, when the water level falls in the water vessel. This safety device by means of
the bell t' is however not an absolutely necessary part of the motor but its use is
desirable.
In
The supply of cooling water for the internal cooling of the piston and cylinder is
effected preferably by means of the slide valves G and H at each revolution of the
motor in the following manner :— When the main slide valve H is in its highest
position the port (Figs. 19 and 21) of the said slide valve communicates with the
port. Since the latter is connected by a pipe (Figs. 21 and 24) with the
pipe leading to the pump, the passage will become filled with water.
the same position of the slide valve the cavity (Fig. 19) in the cut-off valve will
also be connected by the passage in the main slide valve with the passage and
the pipe so that the compressed air in the box L will flow from the box into the
cavity in the cut-off valve and thence through the passager (Fig. 19) into the
cavity. Towards the end of the upward stroke of the piston E', the passage
in slide valve H is brought into communication with the cavity and with the
passage in such a manner that the compressed air in and will blow the water
out of through the passage into the annular space between the two upper-
most piston rings whence it will become distributed in the passages p (Fig. 20)
formed in the piston and thereby effect the cooling of the same. The uppermost
piston ring is preferably so made as not to quite fit the cylinder. The cooling
water forced into the piston consequently spreads, during the downstroke of the
piston E, in a thin layer over the inner surface of the cylinder and protects the
latter from the destructive action of the hot gases.
In slow running motors it is not necessary to provide the piston E¹ with
passages p, as the cooling water may be blown directly on to the piston.
In order that the pressure of the generator gases shall remain constant, the
following arrangement is advantageous :-In the tubular union J is arranged a
small cylinder n (Figs. 1, 9, 10 & 11) containing an easily-movable piston n to
the piston rod of which there is connected a slide n² (Figs. 9 & 12) by means of

page_text: which the opening a³ (Figs. 1 & 12) by which compressed air can pass from the
ashpit C into the fire space A' and thence into the passage D, can be closed.
Furthermore the passages n° & nº (Figs. 10 & 11) in the cut-off and main slide
valves respectively are arranged in such a manner that by means of the passages n³
and in the unions, J and respectively and the passage in the cylinder
casting the said passages 5 & nª will effect a communication between the small
cylinder n and the working cylinder E for a short period before the air is forced from
the latter into the gas generator.
If now for instance the pressure of the generator
gases is greater than the pressure of the air above the piston n', the latter will be
raised, and the air in the cylinder n will be compressed to a greater degree.
At the next revolution of the motor the air in the cylinder a will be brought, in
consequence of the just described communication with the working cylinder, back
again to the normal pressure, and the piston can be again raised by the greater
pressure of the generator gases, if this pressure is again greater than that of the
air above the piston n¹.
The slide will raise each time with the piston, and the opening a³ will be
thereby opened to a greater extent at each revolution of the inotor. More air
than before will then flow into the passage D, and consequently less air will pass
through the fire grate a and the glowing fuel in A', consequently less and less
carbonic oxide will be generated and burned until the pressure of the generator
gases again becomes normal.
The opposite operation takes place when the pressure of the generator gases falls
below the normal limit.
But if the pressure of the generator gases should from any cause, rise very
rapidly above the normal, the piston n' will be raised to such a height that the
spaces above and below the piston n' will be connected by means of a groove in
the wall of the cylinder n (Figs. 9, 10 & 11). The air necessary for combustion
then flows from the generator through this channel o, the passages o¹, 02, 03,
0, 0, (Figs. 10 & 22) and the pipe o' (Figs. 4 & 10) to the safety valve o' (Figs. 1
& 4) and passes into the external atmosphere. The passages o³ (Fig. 13) and of
(Fig. 17) in the two slide valvos are of dimensions such that this connection of the
cylinder n with the safety valve o' is not interrupted at any position of the slide
valves. The process of combustion then ceases almost entirely by reason of the
out-flow of the air, and by reason of the opening 3 being entirely opened, and the
pressure of the generator gases diminishes very rapidly in consequence
The safety
valve o, instead of being in communication with the cylinder n, night be arranged
in direct communication with the interior of the generator itself.
The water
The water collecting in the cylinder E is carried off, when the main slide valve
is in its highest position, by flowing through a passage (Figs. 4 & 19) into a
cavity (Fig. 17) in this slide valve, and thence, when the main slide valve is in
its lowest position, through the passage ² and the pipe ³ (Fig. 19).
may however be discharged from the cylinder E in any other suitable way.
In order to be able to regulate the speed of the motor according to requirement
(notwithstanding the friction of the slide valves G & H, by means of a weak
governor, the movable part G₁ (Figs. 13 & 14) of the cut-off slide valve G has
connected to it a spindle with quick-pitched screw, the nut of which is so
arranged as to be capable of rotation in the end of the cut-off slide valve G. The
pitch of this screw must be made such that the nut shall be able, by its own
weight or by pressure applied to it, to completely screw itself along the screw vl,
when the said nut is raised out of its bearing in the cut-off slide valve and is
placed loose upon the screw spindle. The gearing between the governor and this,
screw consists of a double bevel wheel w w² (Fig. 15) which engages with the bevel
wheel wl, and drives a worm 10° (Fig. 16) and a worm wheel 0 by means of
shafts w³, w, and a driving belt running over pulleys on these shafts.
The worm wheel w is connected with the prolongation of the screw nut v by
means of a feather (Figs. 15 & 16) in such a manner that this nut v notwith-
standing its up and down motion can be rotated by the worm wheel w°. If, the
27

page_text: speed of the motor is below the normal, the governor is designed to screw the
nut upon the screw spindle so as to give a longer admission.
When the cut-off slide valve moves down, the screw nut o has a tendency to
screw itself upon the screw spindle o almost without external aid, because it is
pressed upon the spindle in order to move the movable part G of the cut-off
valve G downwards. Therefore a weak governor will be enabled during the
downward movement of the cut-off valve, to adjust the part G¹ having the
passage 2 (Figs. 13 & 14) with great ease for the purpose of giving longer
admission and thus to give rise to a greater speed of the motor.
When the cut-off slide valve moves upwards, the screw nut v will have a
tendency to screw itself off the spindle v¹, because there is a pull between the
two. Therefore the governor will not be able to screw the nut on the spindle,
and thus it will not be able to set the cut-off valve to give a longer admission
during the upward movement of this valve.
The opposite operation will take place when the speed of the motor becomes
too high. The governor described may however be replaced by any other suitable
governor, with or without a quick-pitched screw vl.
The motor is stopped either by opening the valve o', or by setting the cut-off
valve for minimum admission or by both of these operations together.
Dated this 11th day of December.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Motors Worked by Gases
under Pressure.
I, VICTOR ALBRECHT, of Vienna, Austria, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a motor constructed with a gas generator in which fuel
is first converted under a high pressure into carbonic oxide gas which is completely
burned by the admission of atmospheric air, and the resulting gases or products of
combustion are directly employed as motive fluid to drive the motor.
according to this invention is provided with the following parts:
A motor
A specially constructed boiler-like gas generator in which fuel is first converted
under high pressure into carbonic oxide, which is then completely burned, and
after combustion, is admitted as the motive fluid into the working cylinder. This
working cylinder is also utilized as an air-pump cylinder; this is effected by
purposely making the clearance space formed by the space below the piston when
in its lowest position and the space in the port or passage in connection with the
lower end of the cylinder, of such a size that only such a portion of the air drawn
into and compressed in the cylinder, as is necessary for the combustion of the fuel
is forced into the gas generator, whilst the rest remains behind in the said clearance
space notwithstanding that the piston is in its lowest position. The compressed
air left in the clearance space when the piston is in its lowest position is shut in
for a two-fold purpose riz., that on the one hand its elastic force may be utilized to
act for a certain period of time upon the piston so that the work consumed in
compressing the air may be partially recovered, and on the other hand, that the
motion of the motor may be made more uniform by the action of this compressed
air. When the enclosed and compressed air has expanded to such an extent that
its pressure is equal to that of the external atmosphere, the air pump cylinder is
placed in communication with the outer air in order that fresh air may be
drawn in.
The gas generator, the gas inlet and outlet passages, the air supply passages, and
the slide valves of the motor are enclosed in a casing charged with water.
The

page_text: water necessary for the internal cooling of the piston and cylinder is, in a certain
position of the main slide valve, forced into a port in the said slide valve, whilst a
certain quantity of compressed air passes from the generator into a cavity of the
expansion or cut-off slide valve. The port and valve cavity are then cut off by
the movement of the slide valves, and are in a suitable second position of the
two slide valves, connected with each other and with the cylinder space in such a
manner that the water previously forced into the said port of the main slide valve,
is blown by the compressed air issuing from the cavity of the cut-off slide valve,
on to the piston or into special passages formed therein.
In the same manner the excess of the water (which is pumped into the boiler or
casing, hereinafter called the water vessel, in considerable quantity) is blown out,
and thus a constant water level is maintained in the water vessel.
In order that the pressure of the generator gases shall remain as constant as
possible, there is arranged in the air space of the generator a small cylinder, one
side of the piston of which is acted upon by the pressure of the generated gases,
the other side of the said piston being subjected to a pressure as constant as
possible, produced by causing the air space upon this side of the piston and
containing compressed air to communicate for a short time with the compressed
air space in the air pump cylinder, once at each revolution of the motor, by special
passages formed in the slide valves and other parts. By thus causing communi-
cation at intervals between the two cylinderz, the pressure of the air above and
below the piston in the smaller cylinder will vary, thus causing a movement of the
piston therein and also of a slide valve connected with the piston, whereby an
opening for the admission of air into the fire space more or less closed for the
purpose of regulating the rate of combustion in the gas generator in such a
manner as to maintain the gases produced therein at an almost uniform pressure.
The motor operates in such a manner that the flow of the hot gases of combustion
into the cylinder is cut off by the cut-off valve at a certain position of the piston,
so that the piston is at first driven down by the gases at full pressure, afterwards
by expansion of these gases. At the same time the air drawn into the space
below the piston on the previous upstroke will be compressed to a certain extent,
and this air space will be placed in communication with the air space in the
generator by special passages in the slide valves. A portion of the compressed air
will now be forced by the piston into the generator, whilst the remaining portion
will be left in a compressed state in the clearance space specially provided for this
purpose in which space it will be shut in when the piston is in its lowest position
so that it may drive the piston upwards by its expansion until it has lost the
pressure imparted to it by the previous compression. At this moment the cylinder
space below the piston is placed in communication with the external atmosphere,
and fresh air is drawn into the cylinder during the remaining portion of the
upstroke of the piston. The spent hot gases are forced out into the open air
through special passages during the entire upward movement of the piston."
The accompanying drawings illustrate a motor constructed according to this
invention:
Fig. 1 is a vertical section showing the general arrangement of a motor con-
structed according to this invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the motor, a portion of the cylinder and other parts
being shown in vertical section.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the linear of Fig. 1.
Figs. 4 and 5 are respectively a front elevation partly in section, and a trans-
verse section showing the cylinder valve face, and other parts including a receiver
arranged above the valve face and containing a number of tubes.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line of Fig. 1, showing a portion of
the fire-grate.
Fig. 7 shows the cylinder, the exhaust passage and other parts in section on the
line
of Fig. 1.
R

page_text: Fig. 8 is a vertical section through the exhaust passage and exhaust pipe taken
on the line of Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is a sectional view to a larger scale, of a part of Fig. 1 and shows the
connection between the cylinder space and the outer air by means of a cavity in a
valve, it also shows means for regulating the pressure of the generator gases.
Fig. 10 is a horizontal section on the line a, Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line of Fig. 10, illustrating the
connection between the air pump cylinder and the cylinder for regulating the
pressure of the generator gases.
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation on the line, Fig. 9 of the left hand portion
of this figure; it illustrates the opening leading to the fire place with the slide
appertaining thereto.
Figs. 13 and 14 illustrate the cut-off slide valve in elevation and longitudinal
section respectively.
Fig. 15 illustrates partly in vertical section and partly in elevation, the gearing
between the governor and a quick-pitched screw which is connected to the movable
part of the cut-off valve.
Fig. 16 illustrates a portion of this gearing not shown in Fig. 15.
Figs. 17 and 18 illustrate the main slide valve in elevation and longitudinal
section, respectively.
Fig. 19 is a vertical section of part of the cylinder and of the two slide
valves taken on the lines y¹y of Fig. 4, y2 y² of Fig. 17, and y³ ³ of Fig. 13; it
shows the passages for air and water which effect the internal cooling of the
piston and cylinder, and also the passages through which the water is led away
from the cylinder.
Fig. 20 is a horizontal section through the piston and cylinder on the line y* y*
of Fig. 19, and shows the passages which serve for the cooling of the cylinder.
Fig. 21 is a horizontal section through the cylinder taken above the piston on
the line y yo of Fig. 19.
Fig. 22 is a vertical section of the cylinder and of the two slide valves, on the
lines yy of Fig. 4, y of Fig. 17, yy of Fig. 13, and yy of Fig. 10, it shows
the air and water passages which serve to maintain the water level constant in the
water vessel, and also the passages by means of which the small cylinder is
connected with the safety valve.
Fig. 23 shows a section through the upper half of the two slide valves, the
section being taken in a vertical plane inclined to the cylinder valve face; it also
shows a section through the lower half of the two slide valves and through the
cylinder, this latter section being taken in a plane at right angles to the cylinder
valve face. These sections are taken on the lines y10 y10 of Fig. 4, "y" of
Fig. 17, y¹ of Fig. 13, and y13 13 of Fig. 10, and show the connection of the
generator with a cavity in the cut-off valve and with a closed space arranged above
the cylinder valve face.
Fig. 24 shows in external view the cylinder and valve chest and in longitudinal
vertical section a water pump and its slide valve.
Fig. 25 is an elevation showing the water pump with its slide valve, and the
connection of this slide valve with the cross head of the cut-off slide valve.
Fig. 26 is a vertical section on the line y y of Fig. 1 showing a comb extending
between the grate bars.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 6, the generator consists of a boiler-like vessel A
having a fire place proper A¹ lined with refractory material provided with a grate a
and connected to a feed shaft A' into which the fuel is introduced through an
opening formed, in the outer casing B and which is normally closed by a door b.
The generator is divided by two partitions a¹ and a² (which are preferably made
with double walls, but which may also be single) that form separate passages D
and C respectively. The generator is enclosed in a casing or jacket B (herein
called the water vessel) which is filled to a certain height with water for the

page_text: purpose of cooling the compartments C and D. This water can pass into the
spaces between the double walls of each of the partitions a¹ and a² when such are
employed. The fire place A¹ and the ash pit Care fitted with doors 61 and 62
respectively to enable the fuel in the generator to be ignited, and to enable them
to be cleared of the residues of combustion. They are connected together by
means of the air passage C and the opening a³ in the partition a². The dimensions
of the air passage C and of the opening a³ are such that for the purpose of
regulating the combustion a much greater quantity of air can pass into the fire
place A than is necessary for the combustion of the carbon oxide gas produced.
The door, is made hollow with the object of cooling it, and is in constant
communication with a water vessel d by means of a metal pipe d¹ and a rubber
tube, both in its opened and in its closed attitudes. Above the opening closed
by the door is a shield a (Figs. 1, 6 and 26) having double walls between which
the water from the water vessel B can circulate. In the ash pit C there is
preferably arranged a comb at (Figs. 1, 6 and 26) capable of being moved
vertically in guides a' (Figs. 1 and 26) so as to pass up and down between the
grate bars. The shield a and the comb at have for object to separate the space A³
(Fig. 1) below the former, from the remainder of the fire space A', so as to enable.
readily combustible material to be introduced into the said space and ignited.
For cooling the door and also for convenience in igniting the fuel in the
generator any other known devices may be employed. The passage D which is
lined with fire proof material, communicates with unions or conduits D' and D'
that serve to lead the gaseous products of combustion from D to a cylinder E.
The large union or vessel F (Fig. 1) connects the water vessel B with the
working cylinder E, and is filled with water which entirely surrounds the gas and
air unions D', D, 1, 1¹ and J, J' arranged therein. The union or vessel F is also
connected with the steam space B₁ of the water vessel B (Fig. 1) by means of
the pipe whereby the water is maintained at the same level throughout.
The tubular unions D2, I, and J are capable of endways movement in relation to
the stationary or fixed unions D', 1' and J, being arranged to move in guides f¹
f, respectively (Figs. 3, 6, 7 and 10) formed in the walls of the union or vessel F,
the said tubular unions being forced by the pressure of the generator gases close
up against the cut-off valve, and being prevented from moving back by the wedge
pieces (Figs. 10 and 24).
In order to set the motor into operation, the fire space A' and the shaft A² are
supplied with fuel through the opening closed by the door b; the tank K (Figs. 1
and 3), the water vessel d and the water vessel B are filled with water up to the
normal water level; the safety valve o' (Fig. 1) is closed; and the cut-off valve is
set to give the greatest amount of admission; further, after opening the ash pit
door, the comb a' (Figs. 1 and 26) is raised, and the fuel separated by this comb
from the fire space A¹, is removed from the space A³ (Fig. 1) so as to lay bare a
portion of the grate. This space A is then filled with readily-combustible
material through the door way b¹, the comb is moved down again, the combustible
material ignited, the doors and 2 closed the fly wheel rotated by hand until the
motor begins to work. When this has taken place the motor is allowed to run
idle for some minutes so as to cause the fire to burn up briskly.
The resulting gases or products of combustion driving the motor must be as free
as possible from smoke and ashes. For this purpose carbonic oxide gas is first
generated from the fuel by causing a portion of the air pumped in to pass with low
velocity through the glowing fuel in A. The carbonic oxide gas thus produced is
then mingled with and completely burned by air which
from the ash pit
passes
space C (Fig. 1) through the passage C and opening a over the fire. When
more carbonic oxide is generated and burned than is necessary for driving the
motor, the pressure of the resulting gases increases to some extent above the
normal, thereby raising the slide n (Fig. 1) by means of a special device herein-
after described, and increasing the size of the opening a³. More air than before

page_text: will now flow from the space C₁ through the passage C and opening into the
passage D, and less air than before will pass through the grate a and through the
glowing fuel in A', so that the quantity of carbonic oxide generated will be
diminished. The contrary result takes place when the quantity of the carbonic
oxide formed is not sufficient for driving the motor and the pressure of the
boiler gases falls below the normal in consequence. In order to cause the
compressed gaseous products of combustion to pass into the cylinder and act upon
the piston therein just before the piston has attained its highest position, the
port (Figs. 1 and 5) of the cylinder is closed by the main slide valve H and
communication is effected between the cylinder space and the passage D by
connecting the port e (Figs. 1 and 5) with the unions D' and D' by means of the
opening (Fig. 18) in the main slide valve H and the opening e² in the cut-off
valve GG (Fig. 14). The hot and high pressure gases then pass from the
passage D into the cylinder E until they are cut off, earlier or later, by the cut-
off valve G G according to the amount of admission. The piston. E' (Fig. 1) is
thus driven down at first by the full pressure of the gases and afterwards by the
expansion of the gases. During the next stroke of the piston the spent or
exhaust gases are forced into the open air, passing through the port i (Figs. 1 and 5)
of the cylinder, the opening (Figs. 1 and 18) of the main slide valve, and the
conduits I, I', and 2 (Figs. 1, 3, 7 and 8).
er
The passage of the hot gases through the several openings, ports and passages
cannot injure the slide valves because the latter are constantly surrounded by
water in such a manner that all polished or rubbing surfaces, which come in
contact with the hot gases, are also bathed in water during a part of every to and
fro movement of the slide valves, and are thereby coated each time with a thin
film of water which remains adherent to the same, and protects them from being
readily injured by the heat, whilst at the same time keeping the rubbing surfaces
clean. For effecting the combustion of the fuel in the space A¹ and for driving
the motor, only a definite portion of the quantity of air in the cylinder below the
piston is forced into the gas generator at cach revolution of the motor, whilst the
portion of air in excess remains in the cylinder. In order to cause this latter
portion of the air to remain in the exact quantity required the passage (Fig. 1)
and the space remaining below the piston when the same is in its lowest position,
are made of such dimensions that the previously determined quantity of air which
is not to pass into the generator, shall just fill these two spaces when it has been
compressed to the normal pressure of the generator gases. By these means only
the quantity or air necessary for combustion, is pumped into the generator. For
this purpose the whole of the air previously drawn in and present in the cylinder E
under the piston E, Fig. 1, (when the piston is in its highest position) is shut in
by the slide valves, and is compressed during the downstroke of the piston until
the movement of the two slide valves allows their ports and (Figs. 9, 14 and 18)
to connect the cylinder E with the generator by means of the air conduit J JI
and C (Fig. 1). The piston E¹ will then until it reaches its lowest position, force
from the cylinder into the gas generator the portion of compressed air necessary
for combustion in the cylinder, the remaining portion being left in the herein-
before mentioned space specially provided for the purpose, in the cylinder and the
passage. This remaining portion of compressed air is cut off from the gas
generator by the slide valves when the piston assumes its lowest position and
serves to drive the piston upwards by expanding to the pressure of the external
atmosphere. At this moment the openings g¹ and g³ (Figs. 9 and 18) in the main
slide valve H are connected together by the cavity 92 (Figs. 9 and 14) in the cut-
off valve G, and fresh air is drawn into the cylinder through the passages g, g',
cavity and passages g³ and j (Fig. 9) during the remainder of the upward stroke
of the piston. When the piston assumes its highest position the passage is again
closed and the air drawn in is compressed on the downward stroke of the piston as
before. Any other suitable and known arrangement of slide valve or other valve

page_text: mechanisms can be employed to admit of fresh air being drawn into the cylinder E
by the piston E' and for permitting the air when compressed to pass into the
generator.
Figs. 3, 24 and 25 illustrate an advantageous arrangement of water pump for
pumping the cooling water from the tank K into the water vessel B. As will be
seen, this pump consists of a cylinder 1, a plunger connected with the cross
head of the main slide valve H, and a slide valve which is connected with the
cross head of the cut-off valve G, and is pressed by springs against the valve
face of the pump cylinder. At every downward stroke of the plunger (Fig. 24)
the cavity 1 in the slide valve k² connects the passages 2 and 3, so that water is
drawn into the cylinder from the tank K through the pipe ³. When the
plunger moves upwards the valve moves downwards so that the cavity 4 therein
connects the passages 3 and 5, and water is then pressed out of the cylinder k'
through the passage 3 cavity 4 and passage 5, and through the pipe into a
closed space or box L (Figs. 4 and 5) which is arranged above the valve face of
the working cylinder E, is connected with the water vessel B and has for object
to prevent the water pumped in from becoming heated. The water pump described
may however be replaced by any other of suitable construction; also the arrange-
ment of the closed box L is not absolutely necessary. In order that the water in
the water vessel B and in the box L shall always remain at the same level, these
parts are connected together below the water level by the passage (Fig. 4) and
above the water level by the passage m in the union J, by the passages m¹ and m²
in the two slide valves, and by the passage m³ and the pipe in (Figs. 4, 10 and 23).
In the box L there is further inserted a pipes (Fig. 4) reaching to the normal
water level and having for object to carry off at each revolution of the motor the
excess water pumped in, in order that the water level in the water vessel B may
remain constant. The excess water collecting in the passages (Fig. 22) and
in the pipe s, flows, at the highest position of the main slide valve, into a cavity 2
in the same, whilst at the same time the air highly compressed in the box L flows
therefrom through the pipe m', the passages m³ and m³ and through the passage s
of the main slide valve into a cavity (Fig. 23) formed in the cut-off valve. When
the slide valve H is in its lowest position, the space E2 (Fig. 22) communicates
through the passages with the cavity s2, which then communicates through the
passages (Fig. 22) with the cavity s, so that the compressed air in will then
blow the water out of 2 into the space E' (Figs. 20, and 22), which surrounds the
cylinder E (Figs. 1, 2 and 6) for the purpose of cooling it externally.
In order to render the operation of the motor as free from danger as possible, it
is preferable to employ an arrangement as follows:
18
The water and the air blown into the cooling space E2 are conveyed therefrom
through the passage (Fig. 19) into the cooling space 7', and thence through an
opening into the vessel t, (Figs. 1 and 2). In this vessel is arranged a light bell t¹
which acts by means of a rod t and a lever (Fig. 1) upon the safety-valve o'
The air rising up in the vessel is received by the bell t¹, whilst the water
surrounds this bell and flows off at the top through the pipe (Fig. 2). The light
bell is therefore raised and in consequence the valve of (Fig. 1) is firmly closed
upon its seat by means of the lever 08. The interior of the vessel t is further
connected with the overflow pipe 3 by means of the pipe t (Fig. 2) opening into
the vessel t above the bottom thereof. If now from any cause less water enters
into the vessel t, than can flow off through the pipe the water level in the
vessel t, will fall, the bell t will then only be partially surrounded by water, and
will therefore descend and will thus press down the valve o' with decreasing force,
so that the generator gases can flow out past the said valve as hereinafter
explained. This will be the case when either too little water is supplied for
externally cooling the cylinder E, or, when the water level falls in the water
vessel. This safety device by means of the bell t¹ is however not an absolutely
necessary part of the motor but its use is desirable.
The supply of cooling water for the internal cooling of the piston and cylinder
5

page_text: is effected preferably by means of the slide valves G and H at each revolution of
the motor in the following manner:
2.2
When the main slide valve H is in its highest position the port (Figs. 19 and 21)
of the said slide valve communicates with the port . Since the latter is connected
by a pipe (Figs. 21 and 24) with the pipe leading to the
the
pump. passage
will become filled with water. In the same position of the slide valve the cavity
(Fig. 19) in the cut-off valve will also be connected by the passage in the main
slide valve with the passage and the pipe so that the compressed air in the
box L will flow from the box into the cavity in the cut-off valve and thence
through the passage 4 (Fig. 19) into the cavity. Towards the end of the
upward stroke of the piston E', the passage in slide valve H is brought into
communication with the cavity and with the passage in such a manner that
the compressed air in and will blow the water out of 2 through the passage >>¹
into the annular space between the two uppermost piston rings whence it will
become distributed in the passages p (Fig. 20) formed in the piston and thereby
effect the cooling of the same. The uppermost piston ring is preferably so made
as not to quite fit the cylinder. The cooling water forced into the piston consequently
spreads, during the down-stroke of the piston E', in a thin layer over the inner
surface of the cylinder and protects the latter from the destructive action of the
hot gases. In slow running motors it is not necessary to provide the piston E¹ with
passages, as the cooling water may be blown directly on to the piston.
In order that the pressure of the generator gases shall remain constant, the
following arrangement is advantageous:
72
In the tubular union J¹ is arranged a small cylinder (Figs. 1, 9, 10 and 11)
containing an easily-movable piston to the piston rod of which there is connected
a slide n (Figs. 9 and 12) by means of which the opening a³ (Figs. 1 and 12) by
which compressed air can pass from the ash-pit C'into the fire space A¹ and thence
into the passage D, can be closed. Furthermore the passages n° and n (Figs. 10
and 11) in the cut-off and main slide valves respectively are arranged in such a
manner that by means of the passages n³ and n in the unions J and J respectively
and the passage n in the cylinder casting the said passages and 6 will effect a
communication between the small cylinder n and the working cylinder E for a
short period before the air is forced from the latter into the gas generator. If
now for instance the pressure of the generator gases is greater than the pressure
of the air above the piston n', the latter will be raised, and the air in the cylinder
will be compressed to a greater degree. At the next revolution of the motor the
air in the cylinder n will be brought, in consequence of the just described com-
munication with the working cylinder, back again to the normal pressure, and the
piston n' can be again raised by the greater pressure of the generator gases, if this
pressure is again greater than that of the air above the piston n'. The slide n
will raise each time with the piston and the opening as will be thereby opened
to a greater extent at cach revolution of the motor. More air than before will
then flow into the passage D, and consequently less air will pass through the fire
grate a and the glowing fuel in A', consequently less and less carbonic oxide will
be generated and burned until the pressure of the generator gases again becomes
normal. The opposite operation takes place when the pressure of the generator
gases falls below the normal limit.
But if the pressure of the generator gases should from any cause rise very
rapidly above the normal, the piston n' will be raised to such a height that the
spaces above and below the piston n¹ will be connected by means of a groove o in
the wall of the cylinder n (Figs. 9, 10 and 11). The air necessary for combustion
then flows from the generator through this channel o, the passages o¹, 0², 0³, 0, 0º
(Figs. 10 and 22) and the pipe o (Figs. 4 and 10) to the safety valve o' (Figs. 1
and 4) and passes into the external atmosphere. The passages o³ (Fig. 13) and o
(Fig. 17) in the two slide valves are of dimensions such that this connection of
the cylinder n with the safety valve o' is not interrupted at any position of the
slide valves. The process of combustion then ceases almost entirely by reason of

page_text: the out-flow of the air, and by reason of the opening as being entirely opened, and
the pressure of the generator gases diminishes very rapidly in consequence. The
safety valve o', instead of being in communication with the cylinder n, might be
arranged in direct communication with the interior of the generator itself.
The water collecting in the cylinder E is carried off, when the main slide valve
is in its highest position by flowing through a passage (Figs. 4 and 19) into a
cavity (Fig. 17) in this slide valve, and thence, when the main slide valve is in
its lowest position, through the passage and the pipe (Fig. 19). The water
may however be discharged from the cylinder E in any other suitable way.
In order to be able to regulate the speed of the motor according to requirement
(notwithstanding the friction of the slide valves G and H), by means of a weak
governor the movable part G1 (Figs. 13 and 14) of the cut-off slide valve G has
connected to it a spindle with quick-pitched screw ', the nut v of which is so
arranged as to be capable of rotation in the end of the cut-off slide valve G. The
pitch of this screw must be made such that the nut shall be able, by its own
weight or by pressure applied to it, to completely screw itself along the screw ',
when the said nut is raised out of its bearing in the cut-off slide valve and is
placed loose upon the screw spindle. The gearing between the governor and this
screw consists of a double bevel wheel to to" (Fig. 15) which engages with the bevel
wheel wl, and drives a worm 20 (Fig. 16) and a worm wheel to by means of
shafts wo, w* and a driving belt running over pulleys on these shafts. The worm
wheel is connected with the prolongation of the screw nut by means of a
feather (Figs. 15 and 16) in such a manner that this nut a notwithstanding its up
and down motion can be rotated by the worm wheel w. If the speed of the motor
is below the normal, the governor is designed to screw the nut upon the screw
spindle so as to give a longer admission.
ed
When the cut-off slide valve moves down, the screw nut has a tendency to
screw itself upon the screw spindle almost without external aid, because it is
pressed upon the spindle in order to move the movable part G of the cut-off*
valve G downwards. Therefore a weak governor will be enabled during the
downward movement of the cut-off valve, to adjust the part G' having the passage
(Figs. 13 and 14) with great ease for the purpose of giving longer admission and
thus to give rise to a greater speed of the motor. When the cut-off slide valve
moves upwards, the screw nut v will have tendency to screw itself off the spindle v¹,
because there is a pull between the two. Therefore the governor will not be able
to screw the nut on the spindle, and thus it will not be able to set the cut-off valve
to give a longer admission during the upward movement of this valve. The
opposite operation will take place when the speed of the motor becomes too high.
The governor described may however be replaced by any other suitable governor,
with or without a quick-pitched screw el.
The motor is stopped either by opening the valve of, or by setting the cut-off
valve for minimum admission or by both of these operations together.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A gas generator connected with a motor and adapted to be placed in
communication for a short period through an air conduit JJ with the working
cylinder E of this motor, said gas generator being constructed with a charging
shaft A and with a gas outflow passage D that is adapted to be connected by
unions or conduits D' D2 and valves with the working cylinder E, said shaft and
out flow passage being arranged above a fire space A¹ which is connected by an
opening and an air conduit C with the ash pit C, and is provided at its lower
end with a grate a substantially as herein described.
2. In a gas generator of the kind specified a shield a arranged above the fire
door opening so as to cover a part A³ of the fire space A', and a comb at arranged
in the ash pit C' of the generator, and adapted to be moved between the grate

page_text: bars, so that it can separate the fuel which falls from the fire place A' underneath
the shield as, from the rest of the fuel, the arrangement being such that the fuel in
the space A³ can be removed for the purpose of laying bare that part of the grate
which is situated under the shield a ready for the reception of casily combustible
material for igniting the contents of the generator substantially as herein
described.
3. In a gas generator of the kind specified a water vessel B arranged to surround
this gas generator, and containing cooling water therefor, and an union F connecting
the said water vessel B with the working cylinder E, and filled with water and
within which are arranged the gas inlet pipes or unions D', D2 the gas outlet pipes
or unions I, I' the air pipes or unions J, J and the slide valves G and H
substantially as herein described for the purpose specified.
4. A motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel and in which the piston (EI) receives two impulses at each
revolution of the crank, the first and most powerful impulse being produced by
the clastic force of the hot gases or products of combustion which cause the
piston (E) to move in one direction, whilst the second and less powerful impulse is
produced by the clastic force of air compressed during the first mentioned
movement of the piston, in the space within the cylinder (E) through which the
piston rod passes, and which causes the piston to move in the opposite direction,
as set forth.
5. In a motor of the kind referred to in the preceding claim a working cylinder E
adapted to act also as an air pump, and so constructed as to have a space between
the cylinder bottom and the piston when the latter is at the extreme end of the
main working stroke, the said space being of such dimensions that in conjunction
with the space in the passage it will form a clearance space of sufficient capacity
to hold a portion of the air that is compressed therein to the normal pressure of
the generator gases but which portion is not delivered to the gas generator but is
utilized to aid the piston in making its return stroke substantially as herein
described.
6. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel the use for the purpose of effecting the distribution of the
motive fluid therein of two slide valves G and H, surrounded by and moving in
water substantially as herein described.
7. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel a closed space or box L adapted to receive and keep cool the
water which serves to cool the piston E' and cylinder E, this closed space or box L
being arranged above. the valve face of the cylinder E and connected by a
passage with the water space of the water vessel B and union F, by passages m,
m³, m³, m³, and pipe m with the air space of the gas generator, and by a pipe k
with a water pump substantially as herein described.
8. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel a piston E' constructed with holes or passages p for the
reception of cooling water for the piston and cylinder substantially as herein
described.
9. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel an internal cooling of the piston E and of the cylinder E
caused in such a manner that at each revolution of the crank a certain quantity of
water is blown or pressed between the piston rings and into special holes p formed
for this purpose in the piston E' substantially as herein described.
10. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel means for externally cooling the cylinder E and for maintaiuing
the water at a constant level in the water vessel B and in the space or box L, said
means comprising a main slide valve constructed with a cavity and with a
passage, said cavity being arranged to receive the water collecting in the
passages and the pipe s, when the main slide valve is in its highest position; a
cut-off valve constructed with a cavity s so arranged that when the main slide

page_text: valve is in its highest position it will communicate through the passages 8ª, m³, mª
and pipe m* with the compressed air in the space or box L; and a passage s
opening into a cooling space E2 around the cylinder and so arranged that when the
main slide valve, is in its lowest position, it will be placed in communication with
the cavity s through the cavity passages and cavity so that compressed air in
cavity will blow the water from the cavity. into the cooling space E
substantially as herein before described.
11. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel means for regulating the process of combustion in the gas
generator comprising a cylinder a fitted with an easily movable piston n' connected
to a slide n², and adapted to be placed for a short period in communication with
the cylinder E by means of passages and in the main slide valve and cut-off
valve respectively, and by passages n³, n' and n', before the compressed air is forced
out of the cylinder E into the gas generator, the arrangement being such that when
the cylinder n is in communication with the cylinder E the two sides of the
piston n' will be subject to unequal pressure and will be caused to move and depress
or raise the slide n³, and close or open the cpening as leading to the upper part of
the gas generator to a greater or less extent, thereby regulating the quantity of
air passing from the ash pit C₁ through the passage C and opening a³ into the
shaft D substantially as herein described.
12. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel a safety device comprising a safety valve o' and a vessel t
provided with discharge pipes t' and t and with a bell or float t' which is adapted
to open the valve o' when the flow of water to the vessel t diminishes substantially
as herein described.
13. In a motor which is adapted to be directly driven by gases produced by
combustion of fuel the use for the purpose of regulating the motor by means of a
weak governor, of a quick-pitched screw v¹ connected with the movable part G¹ of
the cut-off valve G and fitted with a nut v capable of rotation on the end of the
cut-off valve G and rotated by the governor through suitable gearing, the pitch of
the screw being such that the nut will be capable of automatically screwing
itself on the screw v¹ by its own weight when it is raised out of its bearing and
placed loosely upon the screw substantially as herein described.
14. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting my improved motor
to be worked by gases and pressure substantially as herein described and shown in
the drawings annexed.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1898.
· VICTOR ALBRECHT,
By L. W., per F. B.