IMPROVEMENTS IN OSCILLATING CYLINDER ENGINES APPLICABLE ALSO FOR USE AS PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING FLUIDS
Year: 1884

page_text: TRUTIVAM
I JAMES QUICK DENSTAN of Falmouth in the County of Cornwall, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OSCILLATING
CYLINDER ENGINES APPLICABLE ALSO FOR USE AS PUMPS FOR RAISING AND FORCING
FLUIDS to be as follows:-
According to this invention I construct the engine with a cylinder which is
connected directly to its crank and oscillates on two hollow trunnions, whose axial
centre line is at right angles to the centre line of cylinder. In these trunnions,
ports or passages are formed connecting each end of cylinder at the opposite sides
with the two hollow trunnions respectively. When from shortness of stroke the
angle of oscillation is insufficient to give an adequate area of opening in one port,
two or more ports are formed which are connected to the one common passago
leading to the cylinder ends. These ports or passages will by the ossillation of the
cylinder move to and fro relatively to fixed ports or passages contained in pipes
which are held within the hellow trunnions and formed with conical ends at an
angle of 45° with the axial centre line of trunnions in such a manner that when
the port or set of ports at the end of one trunnion is opened to the induction, the
port or set of ports in the other trunnion is open to eduction, and vice versa. When
fluid pressure such as that of water is applied to produce motive power, the direction
of crank motion will depend on which of the two trunnions is made inductive.
When the machine is used for raising fluids, the suction and delivery may also be
interchanged at will by simply changing the direction of crank motion, this is of
particular advantage in case of choked valve passages.
I prefer to keep the trunnion induction and eduction pipes against their end
faces by means of coiled or helical steel springs, having an abutment against a
fixed cap or cover.
BREWER & JENSEN,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: CUALE DEID
I, JAMES QUICK DUNSTAN of Falmouth in the County of Cornwall Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN OSCILLATING
CYLINDER ENGINES APPLICABLE ALSO FOR USE AS PUMPS FOR RAISING AND
FORCING FLUIDS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
Heretofore great difficulty has been experienced in maintaining the trunnions
pressure tight, and in compensating the wear of same; and also in preventing
disturbance between the moving trunnion and its relatively fixed valve so that the
connection between the two may always be kept tight.
According to this Invention I construct the engine with a cylinder which is
connected directly to its crank, and oscillates on two hollow trunnions whose axial
centre line is at right angles to the centre line of cylinder. In these trunnions
ports or passages are formed connecting each end of cylinder at the opposite sides
with the two hollow trunnions respectively. When from shortness of stroke the
angle of oscillation is insufficient to give an adequate area of opening in one port
two or more ports are forined which are connected to the one common passage
leading to the cylinder ends. These ports or passages will by the oscillation of the
cylinder move to and fro relatively to fixed ports or passages contained in pipes
which are held within the hollow trunnions and formed with conical ends at an
angle of 45° with the axial centre line of trunnions, in such a manner that when
the port or set of ports at the end of one trunnion is opened to the induction, the
port or set of ports in the other trunnion is open to eduction and vice versa When
Huid pressure such as that of water is applied to produce motive power, the direction
of crank motion will depend on which of the two trunnions is made inductive.
When the machine is used for raising fluids, the suction and delivery may also be
interchanged at will by simply changing the direction of crank motion; this is of
particular advantage in case of choked valve passages. I prefer to keep the trunnion
induction and eduction pipes against their end faces by means of coiled or helical
steel springs, having an abutment against a fixed cap or cover.
Figure is a sectional plan of an engine constructed according to this Invention
and Figure 2 is a part sectional side elevation Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 are detail views.
C is the oscillating cylinder the piston rod of which is connected directly to its
crank A, running in suitable bearings secured to the bed plate P. On each side of
the cylinder passage ways w, w, w, w are formed leading to each end of the cylinder
on the one hand and into hollow cones M on the other. Figure 6 is an end view of the
cone recess in the side of the cylinder and the ports C' leading from the passages W.
The working faces of the cones Al are formed at an angle by preference of 45° with
the axial centre line of cylinder. Figure 4 is an end view and Figure 5 a side view
of a cone piece M with its ports M. Over the conical faces of the cones M the
hollow trunnions B, B, are secured and oscillate in bearing brasses E, E, as also
shown in the separate end view Figure 3 of these parts, the brasses E being fitted
into the trunnion-bearing-frames DD and made adjustable by fine threaded adjusting

page_text: screws FF which are fitted with lock-nuts in the manner shown. On the front
faces of the bearing-brasses E, E, is formed, in two parts a packing-bearing-plate or
Bange J (see Figures 1 and 3) one half of which is attached to each of the half
bearing brasses E as shown, and is capable as it becomes worn of fine adjustment
around the hollow trunnions. I construct these adjustable plates J of a softer metal
than the metal of the trunnions B, so that the trunnion may remain unworn and
therefore truly cylindrical, the wear being confined to the rings J which may be
readily compensated by the adjusting screws F.
On the face of each ring J and surrounding the trunnions I place a cupped
packing K by preference of the U form and of leather or vulcanized india rubber
and over all I place the flanged caps OO which are securely bolted to the trunnion
bearing frames D D as shown in Figures 2 and 3 and the said bearing frames
I securely attach to the bed plate P.
Formed with, the orifice of the caps O are two snugs or projections V which
engage in two corresponding slots M cut in the peripheries of the conical ended
pipes or valves M see Figure 5 thereby preventing any oscillatory motion of the said
pipes, but allowing them sufficient side play on the snugs V, so that they may not
be disturbed in their seats by a slackness of the trunnion bearings when they are in
need of adjustment. To the ends of pipes M after they are in position I attach the
rings N.
Surrounding each of the conical ended pipes M is a coiled metallic spring Qone
end of which abuts on a shoulder formed on the pipe M, and the other against the
compression ring L, By varying the depth of this ring, any degree of compression
may be attained; and the rings lying partly within the hollow trunnions B which
they fit and also fitting the pipes M they thereby form a perfect stendiment to the
latter.
At the bottom of each of the cone recesses on the cylinder I form a small recess
to prevent the apex of the fixed cone M from bottoming. Radial ports C¹ are cut
through the cone recesses in such a manner that when one port or set of ports
within one trunnion is open to induction, the other port or set of ports in the other
trunnion is open to eduction and vice versa. These ports C' communicate with the
passages W leading to the cylinder ends, and a sufficient number of them are cut to
give a port area adequate to a given piston area and speed. Figures 4 and 5 show
the ports M in the stationary cone and Figure 6 shows the ports C¹ in the
oscillating cone recesses or cylinder face. Both fixed cones M are cut alike but
reversed in putting into position whereby the direction of crank motion will depend
on to which of the two trunnions pressure is led, as a motor or when employed as
n pump, which of the two sides is the suction will depend on the direction of crank
motion; and the suction and delivery will be interchangeable at will by reversing.
the direction of the crank motion which is of very great importance and utility in
the case of choked suction passages etc.
The action of the invention is as follows: Fluid pressure being supplied by
means of piping to either of the trunnions the conical ended pipe or valve M is
carried forward by the incoming pressure acting on its area, until the ring N is
brought to bear on its snugs or projections V which thenceforth support all the
pressure acting on the enlarged cone end.
The function of the coiled spring Q in the opposite trunnion then simply consists
in preventing the fixed cone Al from being forced off the face by the pressure in
the passages W acting on its port area. One great advantage of this arrangement
is that no escape or safety valves are necessary to be fitted either to pump or
motor; for if the pressure within the cylinder exceeds a previously determined
amount, the valve is forced back and tho pressure relieved.
When the springs are adjusted to the working pressure the valves are in effect
balanced and free from all unnecessary friction and consequent wear and tear.
Similarly if pressure bo directed to the opposite trunnion like effects are
produced there; the ring N being carried up to the snugs and the cylinder itself
inoving bodily, the opposite ring N is thrown a little off its snuga, the cylinder

page_text: itself moving bodily a small but sufficient distance in a lateral direction to effect
this; and clearance is allowed between the jaws of the crank to permit of the crank
bearing moving laterally.
My invention may be applied to manifold purposes both as a pump and as a
motor, in single cylinder form or in groups of two, three, or four cylinders and
either connected to one crank or to separate cranks. Any number of cylinders
may be brought under the control of one starting or reversing lever.
similarly, any number of cylinders may be connected to one common suction and
one common delivery pipe as a pump.
And
In Figures 1 and 2 already described I have shown a horizontal form consisting 1
of a single cylinder and one crank to which a fly-wheel may be added to assist at
the dead centres. Figure 7 shews a horizontal form with two cylinders and cranks
at right angles and handled by one reversing lever q.
Figure 8 shews a form of single cylinder double action pump of the vertical
type. Figure 9 shews a two cylinder motor actuating one crank, and Figure 10 1
shows a two cylinder double acting pump actuated by one crank with one common
suction pipe and a common delivery pipes, which are interchangeable by
reversing the direction of motion.
In running these motors at high speeds and high pressures, a small air vessel
may with advantage be fixed at each end of cylinder as shown in dotted lines at S
and S¹, Figure 2 in order to prevent shock.
In Figure 11 an alternative parallel motion is shown preferable in many cases to
the common practice of passing the piston rod through both covers (as shewn on
Figures 1 and 2) and whereby the loss of area due to the tail-rod, and the friction
of an extra stuffing box is obviated.
I prefer to actuate these motors by water under pressure; but it is obvious that
they may be actuated by any other fluid pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First In engines and pumps having a cylinder or barrel oscillating on hollow
trunnions B the hollow cone valve M in combination with helical springs Q, the
bearing frames D and the caps O substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Second: In engines and pumps having a cylinder or barrel oscillating on hollow
trunnions B the hollow cone valve M in combination with the helical springs Q,
bearing frames D with adjustable brasses E the caps O, the ring L, the cup
leather K and the two half rings J substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third-The combination of parts forming the improved motors and pumps
shown in the drawings.
A
100E