contrivances in steam- engines
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 4th June, 1887
Complete Left, 5th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 4th June, 1888
I EUGEN KLEIN of 79 Katharinenhofer Prospect, St. Petersburg in the Empire.
of Russia, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The improvements described hereinafter relate to regulating contrivances in steam-
engines. They consist in a contrivance by means of which the inlet-opening of the
regulator-valve can be set so, as to allow only a certain quantity of steam to enter
every time.
This regulating contrivance may be applied to throttle-valves or to steam-inlet-
valves with straight or circular motion. It may likewise be used in expansion-gears
of any construction whatsoever and is peculiarly well adapted for a self-acting
regulation of Meyer's expansion-slide-valves.
The new and characteristic feature of this regulating contrivance is, that two shafts,
made displaceable to each other in a longitudinal direction are connected with each
other by the ends of the springs, that bear the centrifugal weights. Further, that the
displaceable shaft has a double friction-disk which transmits the effect of the centri-
fugal weights to the transmission-shaft provided with the friction-wheel.
admittance of steam is regulated by the action of the transmission-shaft.
The
The regulating contrivance may be used in several modifications. In all these
cases, it preserves its characteristic features and effective mechanisms. It varies only
in the outward shape, which is adapted for each particular case. This relates in
particular to the outward shape of the sole-plate and the disengaging-gear (lever),
and likewise to the dimensions of the contrivance. The regulator receives its motion
from the strap-pulley. The latter is fastened on to a hollow shaft, which is held by
the sole-plate.
The four centrifugal-weights of the regulator are hollow sectors and are screwed fast
on both sides by means of steel springs to both shafts.
These springs are riveted under tension to the centrifugal weights in such a way,
that when the governor's speed of rotation is normal, their tension balances the
centrifugal force of the weights. A cylindrical double disk is fastened on to the

page_text: opposite end of the shaft.
A friction-disk fits in exactly between the two halves of
the cylindrical double disk and the rotary motion of the latter is transmitted to the
friction-disk, whenever a pressure caused by an alteration in the speed of the governor
is exercised either on the one or on the other side (on either side) of the same. By
this means the latter is twined in such cases either to the right or the left. The double.
disk is composed of two halves and the distance between the latter is adjusted so
exactly by means of the elastic filling and the nut to the diametre of the friction-disk,
that the play between the working surfaces is minimized as much as possible. The
centrifugal weights are kept by this means at the same distance from their centre of
motion. The sensibility of the regulator is dependent on this circumstance.
With a view to altering the normal speed of the regulator as may be desirable, the
transmission-shaft is made displaceable and rests elastic in its pillow-block. This
pillow-block of the transmission-shaft is outwardly rectangular in cross-section and is
held together by the adjusting screws and the spiral-springs.
A spiral is fastened to the lower end of the transmission-shaft. By means of the
little screw-wheel, this spiral gives the annular slide-valve a corresponding closing or
opening motion.
The actual stop-valve is wide open, while the engine is working. In order to limit
the motion of the slide-valve between its two extreme positions, the following parts
function in the following way. As soon as the slide-valve is in one of its extreme
positions, the disengaging-lever, set in motion by the thread, gears with its slit on to
the trunnion of the lever and gives both, it and the pillow-block a lateral motion, by
which means the pressure is transmitted to the working-surface of the little screw-
wheel.
If the motion of the regulator-valve is intended to be circular and if this motion has
to be confined within a certain angle of rotation, the transmission-shaft is made elastic
and displaceable in its pillow-block by the bolt, the regulating is carried out by the
adjusting-screw, and the transmitting of the pressure is effected by the curve-disk
while the bolt is made elastic in both directions by the spiral-springs.
The regulating contrivance just described may be applied to steam-engines of any
construction whatsoever, and may be attached without any special fittings to steam-
engines already provided with distributing-regulators of older construction.
The most material advantages which this new regulating contrivance offers, are its
extraordinary sensibility and its great gross effect. The latter quality enables it to
overcome great resistance. The advantages just mentioned must be ascribed to the
following characteristic peculiarities:
a.) The lateral displacement of the shaft, and in consequence of this variations in
the distance between the centrifugal weights and their centre of motion, are both
reduced to a minimum, almost to nothing. This reduction is effected by the two
concentric shafts, being connected with each other by means of the steel-springs. The
latter are placed under tension, as already stated, between the two halves of the
centrifugal weights and are then riveted to them, so that when the regulator is very
sensible, they are pressed together in a slight measure only, and not before the normal
speed has been reached.
The friction-disks (clutches) fit into each other exactly and therefore do not allow
any great displacement of the shafts in their positions to each other. By this means
the insensibility of the regulating contrivance is reduced to a minimum.
b.) The horizontal pressure requisite to produce the necessary friction is estimated
very low, because the transmission is effected by the screw.
Dated this
T..... 1001

page_text: I, EUGEN KLEIN of 14 Englisches Prospect St. Petersburg in the Empire of Russia
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement
The improvements described hereinafter relate to regulating contrivances in steam
engines. They consist in a contrivance by means of which the inlet opening of the
regulator valve can be set so as to allow only a certain quantity of steam to enter
every time.
This regulating contrivance or governor may be applied to throttle valves or to
steam inlet valves with straight or circular motion. It may likewise be used in
expansion gear of any construction whatsoever and is particularly well adapted for
self acting regulation of the so called Meyer's expansion slide valves.
The new and characteristic feature of this regulating contrivance or governor is that
two spindles made displaceable relatively to each other in a longitudinal direction are
connected with each other by the ends of springs that carry the centrifugal weights.
Further that the displaceable or movable spindle has a double friction disc which
transmits the effect of the centrifugal weights to a transmission spindle provided with
a corresponding friction disc or wheel. The steam admission is regulated by the
action of the transmission spindle.
The governor may be used in several modifications. In all these cases however it
preserves its characteristic features and effective mechanisms, varying only in the
outward shape which is adapted to each particular case. This refers in particular to
the outward shape of the sole plate or framing of the governor and to the disengaging
gear or lever, and likewise to the dimensions of the governor. The governor receives
its motion from some suitable revolving part of the engine, for instance, by means of
endless belt cord or gut passing thence round a pulley on the outer or hollow spindle
of the governor, which spindle revolves in a bearing or bearings on the sole plate or
framing of the governor.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect
I will proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings of which
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a governor constructed in accordance with
my invention and applied to a throttle valve of annular form for the regulation of a
steam engine, Figure 2 is a cross section through the centrifugal weights and Figure 3
is a vertical section on line X X Figure 1.
a is an inner spindle and an outer or tubular concentric spindle thereon. These
two spindles are made displaceable in a longitudinal direction relatively to each other
by means of flat steel springs in this case four in number and hollow sector shaped
centrifugally acting weights & connected thereto one end of said springs being
connected by screws a¹ to a head a² on the end of the inner spindle a, while their

page_text: k
other ends are connected by screws to the outer or sleeve spindle b. The four
weights are rivetted to the springs under tension in such a way that when the
speed of rotation of the governor is normal the tension of the springs a balances the
centrifugal force of the weights k. q q¹ is a cylindrical double disc or may be called
two discs fastened to the opposite end of the spindle a. A friction disc fits exactly
in between the two halves of the cylindrical double disc q q' and is fixed on a spindle
which is mounted in a sleeve shaped bearing 2. Rotary motion is transmitted to the
friction disc whenever a pressure caused by an alteration in the speed of the
?"
governor
is exercised on the one or the other side of same that is to say either by the disc g or
the disc q. By this means the disc is turned in such cases either to the right or to
the left. The distance between the halves of the double disc or in other words
between the two discs q and y¹ is adjusted so exactly by means of the elastic filling
piece or washer e and the nut q2 to the diameter of the friction wheel that the play
between the working surfaces is minimized as much as possible or almost nil. The
centrifugal weights & are by this means kept at the same distance from their centre of
motion. The sensitiveness of the governor is dependent on this circumstance.
r
With a view of altering the normal speed of the governor as may be desirable, the
transmission spindle is made displaceable or adjustable and for this purpose rests
elastically in its sleeve shaped bearing 2. This latter is outwardly rectangular in
cross section, and is placed in the block which forms part of the framing and is
provided with a cap held on by screws. The bearing 2 of the spindle is held
in place by or between the adjusting screws d, d¹ and the helical springs c, e¹ so that
the spindle is sideways supported elastically therein. An endless screw or worni h is
provided on the lower end of the transmission shaft. By means of the little worm-
wheel o this worm turns the spindle t' and thereby gives the annular slide valve ta
corresponding closing or opening motion, the said valve being mounted as a nut on a
screw threaded part of the valve spindle but prevented from turning round by means
of one or more lugs on the valve working in corresponding longitudinal guide grooves
in the body or casing p of the valves m and t or as here shewn by means of a rod -
which passes through the valve tand also through the stop valve m the spindle of
which turns freely in the end of the spindle 2 but is connected therewith by a pin..
The actual stop valve m is wide open while, the engine is working. In order to
limit the motion of the throttle slide valvet between its two extreme positions the
following parts work as shall now. he described. g is a disengaging appliance which
forms a nut on a screw-threaded part of the valve spindle t¹ and is guided on the rod l.
The spear like extension of. g. has a. slot which-gears with a projection on the
lever n.
This latter is fixed onto the bearing sleeve 2. As soon as the throttle
valve t is in one of its extreme positions the disengaging lever g set in motion by the
screw thread on the throttle valve spindle t¹ gears with its slot g¹ on to the projection
or peg n of the lever n and gives both it and the square sleeve ailateral movement
in the slot in the block by which means the pressure is transmitted to the working
surface of the little friction wheel thus reversing the motion of the spindle and
worm and thereby that also of the valve t.
'
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of another arrangement of governor in which
the
"
throttle valve or regulating valve is made with a sliding motion in the
longitudinal direction. The transmission spindle 71 receives revolving motion in-
one direction or the other from the disc 7 or q as before, its endless screw or
worm gearing with the wormwheel o on the spindle the screw threaded part of
which works in the nut part of the disengaging rod g. This latter is jointed to one
arm of the bell crank lever u the other arm of which is jointed to the spindle t* of
the regulating valve t, which may suitably be arranged in the same valve casing as
the stop valve. The spearlike extension of the rod g has a slot which gears with a
projection n on the lever n, this latter being fixed on the bearing sleeve of the
transmission spindle. as in the previous example.
144
.
If the motion of the regulating valve is intended to be circular and if this motion
has to be confined within a certain angle of rotation I prefer to use a construction
like that shewn in .sectional elevation in Figure 5 and in end view in Figure 6.- The

page_text: v
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transmission spindle is also in this case mounted elastically viz. its conical end
centres working in bearings 2, 3, formed on a bracket or frame which is fixed on
the bolt which is capable of a slight axial movement and is held elastically in its
position in the main frame by the springs v¹², the regulation being effected by the
adjusting screw, the bolt being free to move in both directions if a greater force
be applied to it than is exerted by one of the springs. By this means unnecessary
wear of the friction wheels is avoided and also by means of the adjusting screw.z) the
exact position is obtained of the spindle corresponding to the normal speed of the
governor, that is to say that the spindle is so placed that the friction wheel r is not
touched by the discs or 7 when the springs have caused thein to take the
position corresponding to the normal speed. The transmission from the worm / to
the valve spindle t is effected by the toothed curved disc or sector wheel y. A disc f
with cam groove is fixed on the spindle t' of the regulating valve which is to be
turned in one direction or the other for closing or opening. In the cam groove gears
the reversing lever g which is held in the middle or thereabout by the adjusting
screw, the other end serving to regulato the position of the bolt v. When the
throttle valve or other governing appliance has attained its extreme position the
diagonal part of the cam slot will cause the lever g to move the bolt v thereby relieving
the friction wheel of the side pressure resulting from the lateral movement of the
spindle a, the friction wheel » consequently coming into a state of rest.
The governor or regulating contrivance just described may be applied to steam
engines of any construction whatsoever and may be attached without any special
fittings to steam engines already provided with governors of older construction.
The most essential advantages which this new governor offers are its extraordinary
sensitiveness and its great effective power. The latter quality enables it to overcome
great resistance as for instance in the so called Meyer's expansion gear. It is also
reliable and durable. The advantages just mentioned must be ascribed to the following
characteristic features.
The
The lateral displacement of the spindle a and the consequent variations in the
distance between the centrifugal weights k and their centre of motion being reduced
to a minimum and in fact almost to nothing. This reduction is effected by the two
concentric spindles a and b being connected by means of the steel springs a.
latter being placed under tension as already stated between the two halves of the
centrifugal weights k and then rivetted to them they will when the governor is very
sensitive be compressed only to a slight extent and not before the normal speed has
been reached. The friction discs or clutches q q¹ and (by preference made of steel)
fit each other exactly and do not therefore allow any great displacement of the
spindle a relatively to the spindle b. The play between them is almost imperceptible.
The pressure on their working faces can never be more than that of the springs v v²
or e and this pressure being transmitted by worm and worm wheel is sufficient to
overcome the greatest possible resistances while there is no wear on the friction wheels
and the governor always works regularly. The stop valve always remains open. The
governor is entirely independent of the work of the engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:
First A governor or regulating contrivance consisting essentially of two con-
centric relatively displaceable or movable spindles which are connected by springs
fixed while in tension to centrifugally acting weights, the movable spindle having two
friction discs for transmitting motion in one direction or the other to an intermediate
friction disc or wheel and thereby in accordance with the centrifugal force opening or
closing the throttle valve or other motor fluid admission valve or suitably influencing
the expansion valve or gear of the motor, substantially as set forth.
Second-In a governor as firstly claimed the employment and application of an
elastically arranged bearing for the transmission spindle 2 which carries the friction

page_text: disc for the purpose of turning the latter to the right or the left and thus by means
of worm and worm-wheel gears influencing the admission valve or expansion valve or
gear substantially as set forth.
Third In a governor as firstly claimed the use and application of the means for
automatically reversing the motion of the friction disc at the terminal positions of
the admission valve or expansion valve or gear substantially as set forth.
Fourth-The constructions of governor shewn and described.
Dated this 5th day of March 1888.
EUGEN KLEIN.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.