Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 9th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 13th July, 1888
I WILLIAM RIGHTER COMINGS of 128* Queen Victoria Street in the City of
London Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of paper boxes and bottles as at present carried out considerable
difficulty is experienced in getting the "bottoms and tops so secured in place that
they will resist both internal and external pressure.
The object of my invention is to produce a box bottle or other receptacle in which
the various parts shall be securely retained in position, and to this end I split, flange
up, and finally mould or rivet the requisite portions of one piece over those of another
to which it is to be secured.
Thus if I have a paper tube which I desire to transform into a box or barrel I
split or flange up a portion at each end insert the top and bottom pieces and by means
of dies, press or rivet over the projecting edges or press the edges into the top or
bottom pieces or in lieu of flanging, an inner tube or ring may be inserted of shorter
length than the outer, the ends forming the shoulders upon which the tops and
bottoms rest and these in turn may be flanged, or a flanged inetal ring may be used
around the top and bottom. In an analogous manner necks with or without lips
internal cork or screw threads may be attached to the top pieces thus forming a
complete bottle and to prevent said necks from turning or being twisted out they
may be made corrugated or of irregular shape fitting into a corresponding opening in
the top piece in addition to which metal eyelets with or without points may be used
for joining the two parts. Where the neck is attached by welding or rivetting over
the paper tube or eyelet of which it is formed the bottom die may conveniently turn
out the lower end on the under side of the top piece while the top die may form a
corresponding flange on the outside thereof.
When welding or otherwise shaping the paper I prefer that the dies should be in a
heated state and where necessary all joints may be further secured by the use of
1

page_text: When I desire to produce a strong but light tube box or other article or for the
necks of bottles I corrugate the material, and for bottles I may use screw caps.
It will be evident that the method of moulding hereinbefore described is equally
applicable for the manufacture of tube sections adapted to be fitted together or for
spools or other articles requiring a flange. While any or all of these articles may be
coated and for this purpose I prefer to use parafin wax and when the coating is to
cover a considerable surface I propose to first coat the article with such cheap
material as pitch or resin and upon this to place a thin coating of the said parafin
either alone or combined with resin.
Dated this 9th day of September 1887.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Boxes, Bottles, and other
Articles.
I, WILLIAM RIGHTER COMINGS of 1284 Queen Victoria Street in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inanner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :—
In the manufacture of paper boxes and bottles as at present carried out considerable
difficulty is experienced in getting the "bottoms "and tops so secured in place that
they will resist both internal and external pressure.
The object of my invention is to produce a box, bottle, or other receptacle in
which the various parts shall be securely retained in position, and to this end I
split, flange up, and finally mould or rivet the requisite portions of one piece over
those of another to which it is to be secured.
Thus if I have a paper tube which I desire to transform into a box, bottle, or
barrel I split or flange up a portion at each end, insert the top and bottom pieces,
and by means of dies, press or rivet over the projecting edges or press the edges into
the top or bottom pieces or in lieu of flanging, an inner tube or ring may be inserted
of shorter length than the outer, the ends forming the shoulders upon which the
tops and bottoms rest, and these in turn may be flanged, or a flanged metal ring
may be used around the top and bottom. In an analagous manner necks with or
without lips internal cork or screw threads may be attached to the top pieces thus
forming a complete bottle, and to prevent said necks from turning or being twisted
out they may be made corrugated or of irregular shape fitting into a corresponding
opening in the top piece, in addition to which metal eyelets with or without points
may be used for joining the two parts. Where the neck is attached by welding or
rivetting over the paper tube or eyelet of which it is formed, the bottom die may
conveniently turn out the lower end on the under side of the top piece while the
top die may form a corresponding flange on the outside thereof.
When welding or otherwise shaping the paper I prefer that the dies should be in a
heated state and where necessary all joints may be further secured by the use of glue
as ordinarily employed.
When I desire to produce a strong but light tube, box, or other article, or for the
necks of bottles I corrugate the material, and for bottles I may use screw caps,
It will be evident that the method of moulding hereinbefore described is equally
applicable for the manufacture of tube sections adapted to be fitted together
or for spools or other articles requiring a flange. Any or all of the articles may be
coated, and for this purpose I prefer to use paraffin wax, and when the coating is to
cover a considerable surface I propose to first coat the article with such cheap
material as pitch or resin, and upon this to place a thin coating of the said paraffin
either alone or combined with resin.

page_text: .
In order that my invention may be clearly understood reference is made to the
accompanying drawings which formn part of this specification and in which:
Fig. 1 represents a sectional view of a paper tube which by means of dies is cut
and flanged as shown in Fig. 2, the top and bottom being then put in and edges
turned over and welded or glued in place as shown in Fig. 3, which represents in
section a completed box, bottle, or canister with a central hole in the top in which
may be placed the cork or stopper.
Fig. 4 represents the lower portion of a box, bottle, or canister in which the bottom
piece is flanged instead of the tube.
Fig. 5 represents two tubes, the inner or shorter length fitting snugly within the
outer, thus forming practically inner flanges for the top and bottom to rest against,
after which the edges of the outer tube would be turned over in a manner analagous
to that shown in Fig. 3. A convenient manner of forming inner or outer flanges
consists in cutting the card-board or paper as indicated in Fig. 6, before it is rolled.
If the projecting ends be rolled in, a tube will be provided with internal flanges
and if cut on the dotted line y y a series of box bodies may be produced from a single
sheet, the number depending upon how the blank was originally cut. If the blank is
rolled so that the projecting ends come outside, a box body with an outside flange will
be produced or the blank may be so cut as to produce one internal and one external
flange. I also find that when rolling these tubes of thick paper that if I bevel the ends
and moisten or soften them (particularly the outer ends) before gluing that they can
be secured to the roll much more easily and will not leave such objectionable inner
and outer shoulders as the use of thick paper would ordinarily entail.
Fig. 7 represents the top and bottom as being held by means of a V pressed
therein from the tube. This may be effected by dies somewhat similar to those
described in my specification No. 4307 of 1887, but I do not consider this method so
efficacious as those previously described.
Fig. 8 represents a paper bottle in which the neck A is secured in a manner
hereinafter described, the top and bottom being glued in the ordinary manner and
further secured by flanged metal rings a a which may be pressed into the materials
by means of dies bb carried by a main die B also shown in Fig. 9 which is a plan
view of same.
Fig. 10 represents the upper portion of a corrugated bottle with the top piece glued
to the body and the neck welded in the top piece and formed with a screw thread
together with a screw cap for same.
The welding of the neck is effected by means
of suitable dies, the form of which will be readily understood from the description
hereinafter contained, while the screw cap and neck may conveniently be made by
means of an expanding and contracting mandril analagous to the class of dies
described in my specification No. 4307 of 1887 previously referred to. Fig. 11
represents a bottle neck split or opened out for the reception of the top to which the
said neck is subsequently glued or welded. Fig. 12 represents the top as being formed
into a neck, the mouth being strengthened by turning in the edges.
Fig. 13 represents the top as being glued to the body as in Fig. 12 with a piece
of cork or packing ring c held therein by a V shaped projection as described in
reference to Fig. 7.
This construction gives an increased bearing surface for the cork or stopper.
Figs. 14 and 15 represent in elevation and section a top or cap creased or cor-
rugated with the mouth edge turned in as in Fig. 12 but slightly pressed out at one
point by the die so as to form a lip.
Fig. 16 represents a tapered tube placed in a top but not yet pressed or welded by
dies D, E, the action of which will weld it to the top as shown in Fig. 17.
Fig. 18 represents a neck cut and flanged at one end in a manner similar to that
shown in Fig. 2, and this being placed in the top may be compressed by a straight
top die and a curved bottom die E as shown in Fig. 16, the result being to weld it
to the top as shown in Fig. 19.
Fig. 20 represents the neck as having a portion cut away to form a shoulder or
flange which will rest upon the top, the inner portion being welded over as indicated

page_text: by dotted lines, while if it is desired to make the neck very secure in the top and
prevent it from turning, the lower portion may be corrugated as shown in Fig. 21,
such corrugations fitting into corresponding ones cut in the top as shown in Fig. 22,
after which the edge is flanged over by the die as indicated by dotted lines in the
latter figure.
Fig. 23 represents the neck as being not only flanged over but also secured by a
metal ring a similar to those shown in Fig. 8, and these may be forced into position
by the dies F, G.
Fig. 24 represents the neck as being without a flange but held to the top by a
metal ring or eyelet d separately shown in Figs. 25 and 26, the teeth or edges being
turned into the materials by means of a flat bottom die and a top die similar to that
shown in Figs. 23.
Fig 27 represents a spool formed of a tube as shown in Fig. 20, but cut and flanged
at both ends over rings as shown.
In most of the figures I have not indicated the form or shape of the dies employed
as any competent die manufacturer would clearly understand what was required if
given the shape and particulars of the articles it was desired to produce, and moreover
my present invention does not relate to the construction of dies.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1st. The manufacture of paper boxes, bottles or like articles by flanging up or
producing suitable shoulders on the body section and welding or securing the top,
bottom or ends thereto substantially as described.
2nd. In the manufacture of paper boxes, bottles, or like articles, the means of
securing the top and bottom to the body substantially as described with reference to
Fig. 8 and 9.
3rd. The manufacture of paper bottles or canisters by welding or securing to the
corrugated or other body or top portion thereof a corrugated screw or other paper
neck substantially as described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4th. In the manufacture of paper bottles or canisters the combination with the
body or top portion and neck of a metal eyelet provided with teeth substantially as
described and as illustrated in Figs. 24, 25 and 26 of the drawings.
5th. In the manufacture of paper bottles boxes and similar articles a coating or
lining of pitch or resin with an outer coating of paraffin wax substantially as
described.
Dated this Oth dox of Tn 1000