AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES AND PREPARA- TION MACHINES, GENERALLY CALLED MULES, JENNIES, SLUBBERS, OR ANY OTHER MACHINE TO WHICH THIS INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED, WHEREBY MUCH LABOUR HITHERTO DONE BY HAND IS PERFORMED BY MACHINERY
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MAURICE
DE JONGH, of Warrington, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the sixth year of His
reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Maurice de Jongh, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, full power, sole privilege, and authority, that I, the said
Maurice de Jongh, my exors, admors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, .
during the term of years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES AND PREPARA-
TION MACHINES, GENERALLY CALLED MULES, JENNIES, SLUBBERS, OR ANY OTHER
MACHINE TO WHICH THIS INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED, WHEREBY MUCH LABOUR
HITHERTO DONE BY HAND IS PERFORMED BY MACHINERY;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso, that if I, the said Maurice de Jongh, shall
not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent,
and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly
cense, determine, and become void, as in and by the same (relation being
thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Maurice de Jongh, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and manner of performing the same, are particularly described and ascertained
in and by the anexed Drawings or Plans, and in the following description, that
is to say:-
Figure 1 is a side view of part of what is called the wheel head or head-
stocks of a mule in its vertical position; as also machinery which forms a
great part of my Invention, and is represented as at right angles with the
roller beam, as seen by a person facing the end of the rim shaft, the roller
beam being at his left side. The frame, in which the machinery about to be 1
described is fixed, is supposed to be removed, in order to expose the said
machinery more to view.
Figure 2 represents an end view of the apparatus or machinery
shewn in Figure 1, also in its vertical position, represented in the position
of a person facing the roller beam; in other words, his eyes parallel with the
roller beam and the rim shaft or thereabouts.
Figure 3 represents a bird's-eye view or plan of the greatest part of the
afore-mentioned apparatus or machinery, with some addition.
Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, are detached parts of the before-mentioned machinery,
as will be hereafter described, observing always that the same letters and numbers
of reference are used to denote corresponding parts in all the Figures.
On A, the rim shaft, I fix a wheel B, of about sixteen inches diameter.
A plate D slides through two plates C, C. On the upper part of the first-
mentioned plate is a rack E, and another longer rack F on the under part
thereof. A chain G, fixed to the said plate D, goes over the pulley H, and a
turns pulley I. The said pulley I is fixed on a shaft whereon another
and lesser pulley J is also fixed, on which last-mentioned pulley is a
chain K, to wind up a lever y, as will hereafter be described. A catch L
holds the rack plate in its place whilst not in action; M is another wheel,
of about four inches diameter, fixed on a shaft N perpendicularly under the s
rack F. This shaft is parallel with tho rim shaft A, and is supported by a
fixed bearing at one end, I, Figure 2, and at the other end by a swivel bearing
I, I, which swivel bearing is fixed on a bar O. This bar I shall call the
bearing bar, and which moves at one end on a fixed pin P, and at the other
end Q it is made to move up and down in a slot through a plate R, which
plate is bolted fast to the afore-mentioned plate C; it will consequently be seen,
that when the bar O falls down in the said slot, the wheel M. comes out of
gear with the rack I, as that end of the shaft N whereon the wheel M is fixed
is borne by the said bearing bar O (the weight S, Figure 1, will prevent the
3

page_text: bearing bar O from falling down with. too much force). T is a catch, which
supports the bar O when up; the bottom' part U of the said catch T. is tapt
for a screw V, of about fourteen threads to an inch, to work in; this said
screw V forms part of a shaft or rod,. as seen in Figure 1, and I shall call
V the screw rod. Figure 5 shews a side view of catch T... This catch is so
constructed as to lean against the bar O.. W. is another catch, which holds
the bearing bar O. down after it has fallen in the aforesaid, slot. There is
further, a hanging leg X applied to the bearing bar O, which is made to swing
on its pin 36 (which pin is fixed to the said bearing bar 0), from right to left,
but not from left to right. In a left-handed spinning machine this will,. of
course, be reversed. This said leg is: applied. for the purpose of setting the
bearing bar O up again when the carriage comes out, as. will hereafter be
more particularly described. On the rack plate. D is a projection or nose as
at Y, which is more plainly shewn by Figure 4, representing a bird's-eye
view of the said rack plate. Now, when the said 'rack plate is moved forward
in the direction of the arrow 88; Figure 1, until the said projection Y comes
behind the upper part of catch T, it will remove this catch from under the
bar O, by moving it on its centre u, and permit the bar O. to fall down in
the slot of the plate R afore mentioned. The screw rod V turns in the
bottom part of the before-mentioned plate R at one end, and in another
nearly similar plate R at the other end, at which last-mentioned end. I fix
a bevil wheel Z, of about four inches diameter, which is turned by another
bevil wheel a, of about two inches diameter. This last-mentioned wheel
is fixed on the upper end of an upright shaft 6; on the under end of the
same shaft is a spur wheel c, of about two inches diameter, driven by
means of a carrier 87, by wheel 5, of about six inches diameter, the effect
of which will be hereafter fully described. d, d, Figure 2, represents
the upright bearing plates of the rim shaft A; e, the fast pulley fixed on the
said rim shaft, by which it is turned in the usual way; and f the loose pulley;
9, the scroll; h, the rim. All the said parts from d, d, to h inclusive are well
known, and form no part of my Invention. Nor do I claim as my Invention
that part or motion of the machine which respects the scroll or the bringing
in of the carriage, doubting whether, the bringing in of the carriage by similar
means is new; but I describe that part or motion because, it not being
in general use, and it being connected with the other motions which form
my Invention, I think it desirable to describe it. 'But I claim as my
Invention the following-contrivance or contrivances (with the exception of
that of the carriage going in, as before mentioned), viz, on the eye or boss
of the said loose pulley f I fix a wheel of about three inches and a half-

page_text: diameter, which, by means of a carrier m, turns another wheel n of about eight
inches diameter; this last-mentioned wheel is fixed on (and near one end of) the
afore-mentioned shaft N. o is another wheel of about three inches diameter,
fixed on the other end of the said shaft N. I further fix on the scroll shaft
a wheel p, of about seven inches diameter. Now, when the scroll falls out of
gear with its driving wheel on the rim shaft, at the coming out of the carriage
in the usual way, it will fall in gear with a carrier q of about four inches and three
quarters diameter. This carrier is turned by wheel r of about five inches and
a half diameter, on which last-mentioned wheel is a stud wheels of about two
inches diameter. I have here to remark, that although I mention different
dimensions of wheels and number of threads of screw V, and which I do for
the sake of facilitating the making of spinning machines on the principle of
my Invention, yet I by no means confine myself to these dimensions, which
may also be varied according to the different speeds required. A catch t,
Figure 7, keeps the scroll down when out of gear with the rim shaft; but
when the carriage closes in, that catch is taken off the scroll again by a pro-
jection from the carriage, which, at the closing in, comes in contact with the
upright lever u, and thereby leaves the scroll at liberty to come in gear again
with the rim shaft. (In said Figure 7, the scroll is supposed to be worked by
the rim shaft, as when the carriage comes out, and the catch t off the scroll
frame). Figure 6 represents the plate C, nearest the rack. 48 are sections of the
framing of the wheel head. k, the slot where the rack plate D moves through.
The rest will be known by the corresponding letters of the other Figures. It
will thus be seen, that the screw and bearing plates are nearly perpendicular
over each other, and the rack plate D a little aside of them, but not further
than is necessary to let the nose or projection Y act upon the catch T, as
before described. This is further shewn in Figure 5, where sections of the
screw V, bearing plate O, and rack plate D, are seen in their proper positions
over each other. To the bottom part of the strap guider v, Figure 2 (which
strap guider forms no part of my Invention), I put a lever w in such direction
as to come under the catch L, Figure 1, at right angles with the said catch.
I also put to the said strap guider a straight spring a to act as a break upon
the loose pulleyf. When the driving pulley quits the said loose pulley f, the
said spring a will then of course cause the said loose pulley f to stop more
suddenly than it would otherwise do.
Now, in the working of a mule, jenny, or other similar spinning or preparation
machine, the effect of my new invented contrivance or contrivances, as partly thus
far described, will be as follows, viz' :-When the spinning ceases, in the usual
way, and the driving strap traverses from the fast pulley e to the loose pulley f, the

page_text: lever w will lift up the end 40 of the catch L, which, moving on its pin 41, will
thereby depress the other end, and leave the rack plate D at liberty. The shaft
N is now set in motion by wheel I, through the medium of m and n, and with it
wheel M, which brings the rack plate forward till the rack E comes in gear with
wheel B (supposing the bearing bar O to be put up in the dotted direction),
and as the rack plate advances it will turn or partly turn wheel B the contrary
way to spinning, and the rim must of course turn in the same direction, which
will cause the backing off from the spindles, which every spinner or machine
maker conversant with spinning machines will very easily understand. The
rack plate thus advancing until the nose Y comes behind the catch T, and
removes it from under the bearing bar O, as before described, the said bearing
bar O falls down in the slot of plate R, and with it falls wheel M out of gear
of rack F; the backing off will consequently cease at that moment, and the
wheel o will fall in gear with S, as represented in the Drawings. It will be
recollected that o is on the same shaft which carries M, and which shaft now
falls down and continues turning by the motion of the said loose pulley, and
consequently also turns the scroll the reverse way of the carriage coming out,
which will take the carriage in; which bringing in of the carriage I do not claim
as my Invention. As before mentioned, the rack plate is spontaneously brought
back again to the same situation it was in before the backing off, so soon as the
rim revolves the spinning way; as it will cause the wheel B, yet in gear with
the upper rack, to revolve in the like direction; the lever Y is to be made
sufficiently heavy to assist the rack plate D in sliding back. I have also to
remark, that I let the rack E move a short distance before it comes in gear
with B, by causing the said rack E to be shorter than rack F, to give time to
the rim to stop before it is forced back the contrary way to spinning. And,
further, more effectually to stop the rim, I cause a break to act upon it for a
short time, before the teeth of the rack E take in wheel B, in the following
manner:-Nearly at the end of the rack plate (see Figure 3) a catch 18 is
made to move upon a pin 26 in the direction of the arrow, if impelled so to
do; but the said catch is kept at right angles with the rack plate D by the
spring 27, when out of action (the said pin 26 is fixed on the said rack plate D).
The said catch cannot move the contrary way of the arrow when it stands at
right angles, as before mentioned, because a pin or notch in the boss of the catch,
with a corresponding vacancy in the collar of the stud pin, stops it from so
doing. This may be also effected by a stop pin on the rack plate (as shown in
Figure 3); and here I have to observe, that the catches attached to the
carriage, which will hereafter be mentioned, are made to move in the same
way. Now, when the rack plate D moves forward, as before described, the

page_text: said catch 18 will move the lever 19 on its centre, and thereby cause the
spring plate 20 to act as a break upon the rim till the said catch will get clear
of the lever, and which is to be so adjusted that it will take place before the
rack E takes in wheel B; when the rack plate traverses back again the catch
will turn on its pin in repassing the lever without producing any effect on the
said lever. In the course of the carriage coming out, which is in the direction
of the arrow 29, Figure 1, a pin or projection 30 from the carriage is so
placed as to come in contact with a swivel 31 attached to catch W, which
moves on a pin 32, which said pin is fixed in the catch W, and which catch W
moves on another pin 33, fixed to any convenient part of the framing. It will
be seen, that the said swivel is permitted to swing from right to left, but
stopped from swinging in the contrary direction by pin 34, also fixed to the
same catch W; and by so coming in contact with the said swivel, as before
mentioned, it will remove that catch from the bearing bar O. The same
projecting pin 30 will next act under leg X, and thereby set the bearing bar O
up again, which bar will be now again supported by catch T, and be seen as
in the dotted clevated situation. It will further be seen, that as the rack plate
so moves in, as before described, chain K is wound up; and as this chain is
fastened to lever y as at 2, the said lever y will of course be elevated at that
end where the chain is fastened to. The other end of the lever y is made to
move upon a pin 28, which pin is fixed to the headstocks or framing of the
wheel head, and remains there stationary. Now, when the carriage comes out
in the direction of the arrow 29, in Figure 1, and with it the upright rack A,
which said upright rack is made to slide or move up and down in guiding slot
plates, which said plates are fixed in front of the carriage, the foot of the
said upright rack will get to be across the lever y when the carriage stops;
namely, the said lever y will then be under the said foot, and pass at right
angles; and when the said lever y is so wound up, by the rack plate D going
in as before described, the said upright rack A will act upon wheel B. (Part
of the front of the carriage 46, with a spindle, is shewn in Fig. 1, to shew how
rack A and wheel B is placed; although such carriage and spindle form no
part of my Invention). Now, as the said wheel B is fixed on the faller shaft S,
it will cause the faller wire to put the threads down on the spindles when the
rack A is moved upwards by the afore-mentioned lever y, as that top part
of the faller side-iron T, where the faller wire is fixed to, will then go down.
The putting down of the faller is well understood by spinners when done by
hand. The afore-mentioned upright rack A is to move the said wheel B to
such extent or through such space as is necessary to put the faller iron down
to the required part of the spindle; and such elevation of the upright rack A

page_text: will of course determine through what space the end of the lever y, which lifts
пр
the rack, is to traverse. I have here to remark, that it is well so to arrange
it that the said end of the lever y shall be moved up a little before it acts
upon the said upright rack, in order that the process of backing off may be in
full operation before. the faller wire commences putting the threads down.
Thus is the process of putting the faller down added to and combined with the
backing off. To that end of the faller side-iron C, which is moved up through
the operation of the afore-mentioned upright rack A, I put a pin or little
roller D, when the carriage is nearly come out; and just before it stops, the said
roller D will push back a short distance the angular lever 1, as that lever will
then move on its pin 16 (see Fig. 1). The said roller D is shewn by dots as
just having come against and push'd back the lever 1, which will now be
pushed back as aforesaid, and as shewn in dots in Fig. 1. Now, when the
lever y causes the said roller D to move upwards, in the manner as before
described, the said roller D will get above the lever 1, which lever will then
close again in its former position against the plate 2 (which I call the copping
plate) by its own weight 17, as represented in the Drawing, and roller D will
get and be supported above the lever, as shewn by a dotted circle. The use of
that said lever is, that when the carriage goes in and. the rack A quits the
lever 'Y, the said rack shall not. fall down again before the roller D shall be
upon the said copping plate. Now, the said copping plate is to be about
as long as the stretch of the carriage, and made to work up and down by means
of screws, as will be hereafter described, over or above a rail or plate 47; which
said rail is bracketted as at 49, or otherwise fastened to the framing of the
wheel head 48 (see Fig. 3), and parallel to the said framing, as shewn in the
same Fig. 8; and the said copping plate is to be so set that the end nearest the
roller beam is to be in proportion as much lower than the other end as the
desired chase in making the cop requires. I call the chase such length or
space upon the spindle as is occupied by wound-on yarn or thread, com-
mencing from the part of the spindle to which the faller wire is put when the
carriage commences going in, and ending at that part of the spindle where the
faller wire is taken off again when the carriage closes in, which I believe is
also generally understood by spinners. For instance, if a two-inch chase be
required, and supposing the centre of the roller D to be the same distance
from the centre of the faller shaft S as the faller wire is, then that end of
the copping plate nearest the roller beam must be two inches lower than
at. the other end. Thus, during the going up of the carriage, the 'said
copping plate will support'the pin or roller D, allowing it, by the afore-men-
tioned incline, to be gradually depressed, and thereby clevate the faller wire 'two

page_text: inches during the going in of the carriage. As the cop is made by successive
chases, and cach chase acts upon a conical part of the wound-on yarn, it would
be well that the said incline of the copping plate should not be depressed or
inclined in a straight line from the upper to the lower end, but rather in a
curved shape, in order to let the faller wire traverse progressively quicker
from the bottom to the top of the chase, which will improve the shape of
the cop as the circumferences of tho said conical part gradually decrcaso from
the beginning to the end of the chase. Or the copping plate may be shaped
in any other way that may be desired, accordingly as the cop is wished to be
shaped; experience will point out best the shape of the said bent of the
copping plate, observing always that any convex part of the surface of the cop-
ping plate will cause concavity on the surface of the cop, if the bottom end C
of the faller side-iron is made to be supported by and pass over the copping
plate. If it be desired to make use of or construct a copping plate so arranged
as to let it have effect on the other end of the faller shaft side-iron, viz', at T,
where the faller wire is fixed to, then the concavities and convexities of the
said copping plate will have a reverse effect on the cop to that before mentioned.
To put the threads tight upon the cops, during the going up of the carriage, I
fix a pulley E on the rim shaft and another pulley F perpendicularly over it,
which last-mentioned pulley is turned from any convenient motion, either
attached to or detached froin the spinning machine. An endless strap G, which
I shall call the friction strap, hangs over the last-mentioned pulley and goes
slackly round pulley E. Now, when that strap is more or less tightened it will
in the same proportion more or less turn the rim whilst the driving strap of the
spinning machine is on the loose pulley. H, H, are two little pullics, which
I call friction or tightening pullies; and these friction or tightening pullies,
when permitted to press against strap G by means of the weight I suspended
over the pulley J and attached to the hanging lever K, which said lever moves
on a pin 43, it will have the same effect of so more or less turning the rim as
before mentioned; but this is prevented by a catch 21, which moves on a pin
22, and likewise by a projection L which is fixed to the bearing bar O, and
which keeps the said hanging lever K back; but when the carriage comes out,
a projection or pin pushes back the lower end of the said catch at about 23,
and puts it in the position as shown by dots, and thereby disengages the lever
K from the said catch at its other end. It will be seen that the end 23 of
catch 21 being the heavier, will have a tendency to fall down, but a stop 44 is
put in a proper place to prevent that end from falling lower than necessary.
Now, when the backing off ceases and the bearing bar O falls down, and with
it the projection L, the hanging lever K is set at liberty (the catch 21 being

page_text: disengaged from lever K, as before observed), and the friction pulleys will act
upon the friction strap G and cause the rim to turn, which will make the
spindles turn and thereby wind on the threads whilst the carriage goes
up as much as is necessary. Experience will shew what weight I is
necessary to let the friction strap act or slip to keep the threads in
proper tention whilst the carriage goes up. If too heavy it would break
the threads, and, if too light, they would bag down or snarle while the spindles
approach the roller beam, but their united strength will counteract the impulso
of the rim if the friction strap acts not with too great force upon it. Should
the rim have to back off, or partly to back off, during the going up of the
carriage (which in my spinning machine is not the case), the said friction or
tightening pullies will likewise, if properly weighted as aforesaid, keep the
threads in proper tention. When the carriage closes in as aforesaid, it pushes
back a lever M, Figure 1, moving on a pin 85. Not to cause too sudden a
knock, I let it push against a spring N. The connecting wire O will at that
period instantly pull back the hanging lever K, and take the friction pullies off
the friction strap. Here, again, to soften the sudden action, I apply a spring P.
When the friction pulleys fly to the friction strap, as before described, a re-
action would take place, which is prevented by a spring 24 being fixed to the
end of the hanging lever K, which spring passes over ratchet teeth 25, and
which ratchet teeth are at the under part of the said catch 21. This spring
will of course come out of action again the moment the carriage begins to go
in, and sets the catch 21 at liberty to come in its former position, as the part 25
will then rise. I will now repeat, that at the end of the carriages coming out
in the direction of the arrows under the copping plate and the arrow 29,
Figure 1, it takes off the catch 21 from the hanging lever K, which lever will
then be kept back only by the projection L from the bearing bar O, and when
the backing off ceases, and the bearing bar O falls down as aforesaid, the
hanging lever K is set at liberty, and with the friction pulleys fly to the friction
strap, and there act till the carriage closes in, and pushes the upright lever M
back, by which the friction pulleys are taken off again. A stud 42, fixed on the
hanging lever K, will pass over the nose of the catch 21, which catch will now
hold the said hanging lever locked till the carriage at its next coming out
takes the said catch off again, as before described.
I shall now recapitulate the effects of the different motions before described,
videlicet, when the carriage is out at the extremity of its stretch, and holds the
catch 21 disengaged from the hanging lever K, as dotted in Figure 1, the
bearing bar O being then up, as represented by dots in same Figure 1,
then, or about that time, the spinning ceases, and the driving strap traverses to

page_text: the loose pulley, catch L is lifted up, which leaves the rack plate D at liberty.
Wheel l, fixed to the loose pulley, causes the rack plate D to move, stopping at
the same time the velocity of the rim. As this rack plate D moves, it will get
under and gear with a wheel fixed on the rim shaft, which causes the backing off.
The said rack plate winds up at the same time lever y, which causes the faller
wire to put the threads down to that part of the spindles where the winding on,
as also the chase, is to commence. The rack plate now moves on as far as is
requisite for backing off. It will during that time put the faller wire down as
low as is necessary, and the nose Y, removing the catch T, will cause the bearing
bar O to fall down, and with it the wheel, which causes the rack plate to move.
and which now consequently falls out of gear with the rack. The rack plate
will now be held down by the catch W, as represented in Figure 1, and at the
same time the friction pullies fly to the friction strap (the catch 21 and the
projection L being now removed), the faller finds itself supported on the
copping plate, and the scroll is put in motion to bring the carriage in. Now
goes in the carriage in the direction of the arrows over the copping plate, the
said copping plate guides the faller wire in the direction of the arrows to form
the requisite traverse of the chase. The friction pulleys cause the thread to
be wound on, and when the carriage closes in, the faller quits the copping
plate in the direction of the bent arrow, and falls in its former position, and
the friction pulleys are instantly removed from the friction strap by the upright
lever M. The scroll will, in the usual way, be put in gear with its driving
wheel on the rim shaft, and thereby quit the wheel which has put it in rc-
versed motion, and the carriage will in the usual way be brought out again
In the course of its coming out it will set up again the bearing bar in the
dotted position, Figure 1, and, just before stopping, remove the catch 21 from
the hanging lever K. It may be proper to observe, that the Drawing,
Figure 1, represents the situations of the different parts of the machinery at
the time when the carriage is coming out, and before it has reached the leg X,
and the cop being nearly finished. It will be seen that the scroll is in gear
with the rim shaft; the bearing bar is down, and will be presently set up, when
the projection from the carriage will come under the said leg X. The hanging
lever K is only now kept back by catch 21. The copping plate is almost at
its lowest extremity, because the cop is nearly finished. It will be recollected
that when the driving strap traverses from the loose to the fast pulley (which
traversing is done in the usual way), the catch L, which keeps the rack plate
from moving, is left to put itself in its former position by the lever W being
removed, and the said rack plate is brought back to where it was before the
backing off commenced by the turning of the rim the spinning way, as before

page_text: mentioned. I have also to observe, that usually a catch holds the carriage out
at the end of its length or stretch, and which catch is generally removed by
the spinner when he puts the faller down. This catch is removed, by my
contrivance, when the afore-mentioned lever Y is wound up by the rack plate
D, the said lever passing under the said catch at right angles.
Thus, in the above description, have I shown how I back off, put the faller
down, bring the carriage in, and wind the threads on, by machinery, which
operations have hitherto been generally done by hand. But as it is also neces-
sary that the backing off, and, in the same proportion, the putting the faller
down, should progressively diminish as the cop advances in boing formed, I bring
this about by the following contrivance :-A projection or catch 2 is fixed to a
plate R, which is fastened to the carriage. This catch is made to move
on a pin out of the position of right angles with the carriage one
way, but stopt from turning the contrary way by a spring and stop, as
seen at 2, and in the same manner as the catch 18, Figure 3, as is herein-
before fully described. At each stretch of the carriage this said catch takes one
tooth of the ratchet wheel 3, which ratchet wheel is kept in its proper position
by a spring in the usual way that ratchet wheels are. The said ratchet wheel
turns part of a revolution the pinion 4, which said pinion actuates the wheel-5,
to which is fixed the bevil wheel 6, which said last wheel forms a nut of the
screw 7, and also turns the shaft 8, and also the bevil wheel 9, which last said
bevil wheel forms the nut of screw 10; this will gradually depress the copping
plate at each stretch. Further, the afore-mentioned spur wheel 5 is geared in
the spur wheel c. Now, it will readily be seen, that when the catch 2, pro-
jecting from the carriage moves the ratchet wheel 8 by the contrivance just
before described, it will both depress the copping plate, and by turning the
screw V, approach the catch T in the direction towards the rim shaft; whereby
the backing off is progressively lessened in the same proportion as the copping
plate is depressed, the rack plate not travelling through the same space as
before. When the catch T is so screwed nearer in the direction of the arrow
29, the lever y will not be elevated so high as before, and the faller wire will
consequently lay on the threads a degree higher on the spindles than before.
Thus, I say, that by moving the ratchet wheel at every stretch of the carriage,
the backing off, and the causing the chase to be a degree higher on the spindles,
will be effected in equal proportions. Spinners and machine makers conversant
with spinning machines, will of course easily determine the kind of wheels and
screws in point of number of teeth or diameter that may be required for the
afore-mentioned purpose; but which wheels-and-screws, in fact, may be varied,
as the variation of them' depends upon the species of yarn or roving to be spun.

page_text: I have here to remark, that should it be desired to lengthen the chase as the
process of making the cop goes on, it would only be necessary to put wheels
accordingly, to actuate the screws 7 and 10 of the copping plate in different
ways, or in unequal speeds, as thereby one end of the copping plate may be
made to depress more than the other.
One more operation remains to be described, videlicit: the formation of the
cop. It is well known by spinners, that so long as the chase upon the spindles
is removed up higher on the spindle (comparatively speaking) a small degree at
each stretch, the cop upon the spindle swells at about the middle, and is taper
both top and bottom, like two cones attached to each other at their bases; but
when that swell is supposed to be thick enough, the chase at each stretch must
be put a greater degree than before higher on the spindle, which will cause the
cop to be built up (as it is called) in a parrallel way. It is not necessary for
me to describe the cop, or the making of it, any further, as this is well under-
stood by spinners. But to increase the degree of chasing on the spindles, as
aforesaid, by my contrivance, I cause a leg 11 to be attached to the copping
plate, so that it may be fixed higher or lower. The projecting foot of that leg,
which is rounded, as shewn in Figure 1, will, when the copping plate gets
sufficiently low, press upon a spring 12; on that spring is a pin 13. Now,
when that spring 12 will be pressed down, and with it the said pin, another
spring 14 will force another catch 15 into right angles with the carriage, and
bring it into action upon the ratchet wheel 3. When the said catch 15 is out
of action, it will be as shown by dots, Figure 3. The screwing will thus go on
as fast again as before (as two teeth of the ratchet wheel will be acted upon),
and consequently the degrees of chase proportionably increased. The backing
off will of course decrease in the like proportion (which it should do). More
catches, upon the same principle, may be applied if found necessary. I have
also to observe that the afore-mentioned leg 11 is to be so fixed as to permit it
to act upon the said catch at the time when the cop is considered sufficiently
thick. Supposing it be desired that the increased chasing should commence
at an inch and a quarter from the bottom of the cop, then the foot of the said
leg is to be an inch and a quarter higher than the said spring 12 at the
commencement of the cop, provided the side iron of the faller shaft is
equally long from the center of the pin which traverses over the copping
plate to the center of the faller shaft, as from the center of the faller
shaft to the center of the faller wire, supposing from the center of the pin
D, to the center of the faller shaft S to be only 4 inches, and from thence
to the faller wire T to be six inches, then the depression of the copping
plate stands to the elevation of the faller wire as 3 to 4, and every thing con-

page_text: nected with it in the same proportion. As the spring 12 travels with the
carriage, and the leg 11 being stationary, it will pass over the foot of the leg 11,
after the said leg shall have set the additional catch or catches at liberty in the
manner before described.. I have yet to remark, that if the carriage is found
to rebound back too fast from the roller beam at the closing in, it may easily
be prevented by giving more or less incline to the slips or rails over which the
carriage travels, or by causing the back carriage wheels to come in a hollow
part formed for that purpose in the said slips. Should it also be found desirable
to take the faller off the cop or spindle when the carriage closes in sooner at
the commencement of making the cop and later at its finishing, this may be
effected by having the copping plate a little shorter, and that part of the side
iron of the faller shaft C, S, longer. The effect will be, that at the commence-
ment of the cop, when the copping plate is found at its highest point, the
roller D will quit the copping plate a longer time before the carriage closes in
than at the finishing of the cop, when the copping plate is lower. This will be
better understood by referring to Fig. 8, in which 50 represents the roller
beam, 51 the distance the spindles always are from the roller beam when the
carriage closes in, 52 and 58 the respective positions of the faller side iron
and copping plate at the commencement of making the cop, and 54 and 55
the respective positions of the faller side iron and copping plate at finishing
making the cop. Now, it will readily be seen, that the distance from 58 to D
is that by which the side iron quits the copping plate sooner at the beginning
than at the end of the cop. It may also be well to mention, that instead of
having two driving pulleys on the rim shaft as is usual, videlicit, one fast and
one loose pulley, three pulleys may be applied, namely, one to which no wheels
nor machinery of any kind is attached; but this is not material, for so long as
the bearing bar is down, the pulley f, before described, will act as a loose pulley.
Having now, by the foregoing, fully described and ascertained the nature of my
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I do hereby
declare that I do not consider my Invention to be limited to be worked in the
manner only which I have described, but claim the exclusive right and privi-
lege of working the same by any other means or arrangements of machinery
through which the principle or principles of my said Invention is or are put
in practice.
In witness whereof, the said Maurice de Jongh hath hereunto set his
M. DE JONGH. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of Sep-
tember, in the year of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid Maurice de Jongh came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped ac-
cording to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.