IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH KILNS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT
Year: 1884

page_text: We JOHN WATSON and JOHN LAMB SPOOR of Gateshead-on-Tyne in the
County of Durham Cement Makers do hereby declare the nature of said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH KILNS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND CEMENT" to be as follows :-
Our Invention relates to improvements in and connected with kilns employed in
the manufacture of Portland Cement and has for its object to effect economy in
the cost and to accelerate the burning.
"
During calcination combustible gases are given off which have hitherto been
discharged or allowed to escape in such a manner as to cause great waste of heat.
According to our Invention we provide means for collecting these gases by a
process of exhaustion or otherwise through outlets from each kiln provided with
dampers and communicating with a special flue or through the " gathering flue
and we afterwards conduct them to a Regenerator where their heat is utilized for
a useful purpose such for example as for raising steam for the exbausting apparatus
or for heating the air supplied to the kilns and when possible the gases may be
utilized as gaseous fuel for the kilns or the boilers or for other purpose. The
supplying of hot instead of cold air to the kilns is a source of considerable economy
apart from the value of the gases as gaseous fuel and the increased draught caused
by the exhausting apparatus enables ordinary coals to be used in place of the
more costly fuel at present employed, and from these coals is obtained a richly
combustible gas for the Regenerator Chamber kilns as hitherto constructed cannot
be lighted for calcining until the slurry is placed on the chamber floor We utilize
the hereinbefore mentioned special flue in such a manner that the kiln can be
lighted immediately its loading is completed. For this purpose the kiln is lighted
and the gases are passed into the said special flue until the floor is covered with
slurry and when it is considered advisable to effect the drying of the slurry the
communication between the kiln and the said special flue is closed by a suitable
damper and the heat is turned into the chamber to dry the slurry as at present.
This part of our Invention may be applied to all descriptions of chambers if desired
without a Regenerator in which case the aforesaid special flue is led away direct
to the chimney. By this means the gases present can be passed off to the chimney
Price 1

page_text: whilst the chamber is being loaded and thus a considerable saving of time is
effected. We also form a flue at the end of or upon the chamber the said flue
being preferably made of light sheet iron and being placed on the arch of the
chamber preferably at or towards the end next to the gathering flue and it is
provided with branches communicating with the inside of the chambers. The said
flue leads to the main chimney. The flue or the branches thereof communicating
with the chambers is or are provided with a damper or dampers which when
applied to the branches may be arranged inside the chambers and be provided with
means for operating them from the outside These dampers are for the purpose of
opening and closing communication between the chamber and the chimney through
the said flue. Immediately the kiln is burned off this damper or these dampers is
or are opened when a strong current of cold air is drawn through the clinker in
the kiln and along the chamber thereby cooling both the clinker and the chamber
and therefore accelerating the drawing and loading of the kiln,

page_text: We JOHN WATSON and JOHN LAMB SPOOR both of Gateshead in the County
of Durham do hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN AND CONNECTED WITH KILNS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORTLAND
CEMENT, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :---
Our Invention relates to improvements in and connected with kilns employed in
the manufacture of Portland Cement and has for its object to effect economy in
the cost of working and to accelerate the burning.
We will describe our Invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 of which represent respectively a longitudinal section a plan
and an end view of so much of a cement kiln as is necessary to illustrate
the construction according to our Invention and Figures 4 and 5 are similar views
to Figures 1 and 2 with the addition of a regenerator and a flue for conducting the
heated gases thereto from the slurry chamber to utilise the heat thereof.
During the calcination of the cement making materials combustible gases are
given off which have hitherto been discharged or allowed to escape in such a
manner as to cause great waste of heat but which according to our Invention are
collected in a regenerator by means of an artificial draught created by exhaustion
or otherwise and these gases are utilised for a useful purpose such for example as
for driving the apparatus, for creating an artificial draught, or for heating the air
supplied to the kilns, and when possible the said gases may be utilized as fuel for
the kilns, or for heating boilers or for other purposes. The supplying of hot instead
of cold air to the kilns is a source of considerable economy apart from the value of
the gases as fuel and the increased draught enables ordinary coals to be used in
place of the more costly fuel at present employed and from these coals is obtained
a richly combustible gas for the regenerator. Chamber kilns as hitherto constructed
cannot be lighted for calcining the cement making material until the slurry is
placed on the floor of the chamber.
In carrying out our Invention we arrange above the calcining chamber a special
flue B leading to the chimney so that the kiln can be lighted immediately its
loading is completed, and when the kiln is lighted the gases pass into the said
special flue until the floor of the chamber C is covered with slurry or when it is
considered advisable to effect the drying of the slurry. In order to dry the slurry
in the chamber C the communication between the calcining chamber A and the
said special flue is closed by a damper b so as to cause the heat to be directed into
the slurry chamber and thence to the chimney by the gathering flue D arranged at
the back of the kiln.
This part of our Invention may be applied to all descriptions of chambers. By
this means the gases present can be passed off to the chimney whilst the chamber
is being loaded and thus a considerable saving of time is effected. We also form &
Hue E at the end of or upon the slurry chamber the said flue being preferably made

page_text: of light sheet iron and placed on the arch of the slurry chamber preferably at or.
towards the end next to the gathering flue D and it is provided with branches c
communicating with the interior of the slurry chambers C. The flue E leads into
the main chimney F.
The flue E or the branches e thereof communicating with the slurry chambers C
is or are provided with a damper or dampers e which when applied to the branches
as shewn in our drawings may be arranged inside the chambers C and be provided
with means for operating them from the outside. These dampers are for the
purpose of opening and closing communication between the chambers C and the
chimney through the flue E. When a kiln is burned off the damper e' in
the branch e connecting the kiln with the said- flue is opened when by means of
the draught creating apparatus a strong current of cold air is drawn through the
clinker in the chamber A in that kiln and along the slurry chamber C thereby
cooling both the clinker and the chamber and therefore accelerating the drawing
and loading of the kiln.
In the arrangement illustrated by Figures 4 and 5 instead of passing the gases
through the flues B and D direct to the chimney they are conducted by the said
flues into a regenerator G in which the heat of the gases is taken up and from
whence the gases may be conducted by the flue H to the kilns or elsewhere to be
utilized as fuel whilst the heat taken up by the regenerator may be utilised for
heating air to be supplied to the kilns or for heating air for other purposes such for
example as raising steam for working the draught creating apparatus.
generator G'is in communication with the chimney by the flue f.
The
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First-In kilns for manufacturing Portland Cement the provision of an outlet
or outlets for the gases from the calcining chamber or chambers in addition to the
outlet or outlets through and from the slurry chamber or chambers substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Second-In kilns for the manufacture of Portland Cement the provision of
means whereby the gases from the calcining chambers are collected and utilized as
fuel or as means for heating air or the like substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described.
:-
Third In kilns for the manufacture of Portland Cement the provision of
means for effecting the cooling of the kilns and chambers and their contents
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 2nd day of February 1885.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
Agent for the said John Watson and John Lamb Spoor.