Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1886.
Complete Left, 13th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 13th Sept., 1887.
1, HOWARD MATRAVERS ASHLEY of Ferrybridge in the County of York Machinist
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I construct a Mould (for example a Bottle Mould) of any suitable shape and
material and having two openings, preferably at opposite ends of the mould, and at
the end where I propose to form the neck of the Bottle, or near to the end I provide a
true plate or projection or collar or flange round or partly round the monld through
the middle of which I make a hole of suitable size and shape to admit a plug of any
suitable material but preferably a slow conductor of heat to be projected through the
hole into the neck of the bottle mould. I then attach a glass pressing machine of any
suitable construction or principle (but preferably for the employment of heated air or
steam in pressing) to the opposite end of the mould or to the machine to which the
mould is attached. I also attach a moveable end to the mould or to the machine to
which the mould is attached that can be shut down or swung round at pleasure and I
also connect with this end of the mould an air pump or exhauster or any machinery
by which a vacuum or partial vacuum can be created within the bottle mould. I then
proceed to make a bottle in the following manner :-
I put molten glass into the mould through the larger opening of the mould and
press it down to the neck end of the mould by means of the press already described.
This
process makes a solid bottle-but while the glass is still molten I drive in the
plug through the hole in the plate at the neck end of the mould and withdraw
it again. This process forms the inside of the neck. I then exhaust all the air from
the other end practically or condense it so as to form a vacuum or partial vacuum
when the atmosphere passing through the hole in the neck forces out the glass until it
fills the mould and so makes the bottle hollow at the same time as it presses
the inside of the bottle mould at all points thus forming the bottle.
upon

page_text: In some cases where preferably, in lieu of the above described plan I substitute the
following --
In place of the exhauster I put a small piece of any material on the end of the plug
before forcing it up into the molten glass-such material as will when in the midst of
the hot glass throw off sufficient gas or product of combustion as will force a hollow
in the midst of the glass until it touches the mould at all points as before described or
in lieu of this last named plan and in addition to the plug at the neck end of the
mould, I attach a sort of funnel into which I put the molten glass and exhaust the
air at the opposite end as at first described when the pressure of the atmosphere forces
the glass from the funnel into the bottle mould and so forms the bottle.
Dated this 19th day of Nova 196
•
Improvements in the Manufacture of Bottles and other Articles
in Glass.
1 HOWARD MATRAVERS ASHLEY of Ferrybridge, in the County of York, Machinist
do hereby, declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention of improvements in the manufacture of Bottles and other articles of
Hollow ware in Glass, is carried into effect in the following manner, when applied to
the manufacture of bottles; and in order that my Specification and the invention
may be clearly defined and fully understood, I annex a sheet of drawings in which
similar letters of reference indicate similar parts in any of the figures in which
they occur.
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation of a bottle mould and apparatus closed.
Fig. 2, the same opened to release bottle.
Fig. 3, front elevation of bottle mould, and frame work on which it is mounted.
Fig. 4, side elevation of same.
In carrying my invention into practice in the manufacture of bottles, for example,
I construct a bottle mould of any suitable material and of the desired shape, such
as A; it is preferably made in two principal parts or halves arranged to open and
close, and is also made open at each end, (which correspond with the top and the
bottom of the bottles) or an opening inay in some cases be made in the side. At
the end of the mould in which the neck of the bottle is formed, I fix a true-plate,
flange, or collar B, fitting round or partly round the smaller end of the mould A, and
through such plate or collar I form a hole c, of a suitable size and shape to admit the
passage of a correspondingly shaped plug or punch D, capable of being projected
through the said hole, into the neck of the bottle mould.

page_text: :
I connect to the opposite end of the mould (or to the frame or machine which
supports the mould) a glass pressing machine of any suitable make or construction
but preferably one for the employment of heated air or steam not shown in the
drawing I also attach a moveable end E, to the mould or to the frame or machine
that can be lowered or made to shut down so as to close the end of the mould, or to
swing round at pleasure, and i connect this end of the mould with an air pump or
exhauster, or like appliance by which a vacuum or partial vacuum can be created
within the bottle mould A, the hell or receiver of such exhauster being marked F,
and which can be drawn down the pipe G (as shown in Fig. 2) and raised again to
its original position by means of a handle or lever H, or by equivalent means.
The halves of the bottle-mould are supported by two curved or suitably shaped
arms 1, and capable of turning on joints such as J, which are attached to the mould
by screws passing through the lugs K. The two halves of the mould are closed by
the action of the springs L, fixed to the hell F, when the parts are in the position
shown in Fig. 1.
On lowering the bell or receiver by means of the lever H, it is drawn from the
plate B, until the springs L, are clear from the arms I, and the position of the mouth
of the bell F, permits the mould to open by reason of its construction, and force of
gravity, and therefore automatically the halves being separated a sufficient distance
to allow the bottle to be removed. M shows the mass of molten glass to form the
bottle, with a cavity (m) formed in it by the punch D.
It must be understood that the part of the frame marked N, which carries the
bottle-mould, is constructed to turn round or swivel upon the fixed part O, for the
purpose of bringing the bottle mould into a suitable position to receive the molten
glass, and then by reversing it to bring it to a suitable position for making
the bottle.
The method of making a bottle is as follows:-I put molten glass into the mould,
through the larger or bottom opening and press it down to the neck end of the
So far the glass is
mould by means of the presser E worked by any suitable means.
solid, but while it is still molten, I force in the punch D, through the hole C, in the
plate B, at the neck end of the mould, and withdraw it again.
This process forms a cavity (m) in the inside of the molten glass of the required
diameter of the inside of the neck of the bottle; I then exhaust the air from the
interior of the bell and the mould so as to form a vacuum or a partial vacuum, and
the pressure of the atmosphere entering the cavity (m) through the opening C, forces
out and expands the molten glass M, until it fills the mould, thus forming the bottle
hollow, and pressing it at all points upon the inside of the inould, and producing a
perfect bottle.
and
It will be understood that although I have described the method of making bottles
by the process of exhausting the air from the bottle mould and thus causing it to
expand, I may also reverse the process by using the exhauster as an air pump
forcing air through the blowpipe U, and forward through the punch D, into the
cavity formed in the glass at the neck end of the bottle mould, the entrance and exit
of the air being controlled and regulated by means of a suitable valve such as is
described in my former Specification No. 8677-1886 which may be automatic in its
action or operated by hand or otherwise. This alternative method can be readily
carried out in the Apparatus shown in Figs. 3 and 4, in which the two parts of the
mould A can be separated upon diverging slides.
Instead of using an air-pump or similar means for exhausting the air round
the molten metal as above described, I use the following means in conjunction with a
bottle mould I place upon, (or preferably in a cavity formed in the end of) the
punch D, indicated by dotted lines, a small piece of any material that when subjected
to heat will throw off sufficient gas, or products of combustion, for the purpose, and I
force it with the punch into the interior of the glass; the rapid generation of gas
from the said substance will force the glass equally in every direction so as to fill and
press against the mould at all points.
In addition to the first named and described method, I may if desirable, attach to

page_text: the mould a funnel or other conduit, connected with the Tank or other reservoir of
molten metal, in such a manner that when the air is exhausted from the mould,
the molten incetal will be drawn or caused to flow by the pressure of the atmosphere
into the mould, through the said funnel or conduit, thus preventing loss of heat by
exposure to the air in a ladle in its passage to the mould.
In cases where some part of the bottle such as the neck is required to be thin, the
parts of the mould which form the neck, and are in contact therewith, would be very
likely to cool the glass at that point too rapidly, and to prevent this I find it desirable
to arrange one or more atmospheric gas jets, to play upon such parts, or equivalent
applications of heat may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In machinery for the manufacture of Bottles and other like hollow-ware in glass;
the combination with a moulding machine, of an exhausting apparatus, for the
purpose specified, and substantially as described.
2. In the manufacture of glass hollow-ware; expanding or blowing out" the
glass of a bloom, or a bottle, by exhausting the air from the outside of such bloom, or
bottle, and allowing the pressure of the atmosphere to act upon the interior, by
mechanism arranged and constructed substantially as hereinbefore described or any
mere modification thereof.
3. In the manufacture of glass hollow-ware; causing the expansion of same, by
forcing or otherwise inserting into the body of the glass, or substance that will
generate gas in sufficient quantity for the desired purpose-preferably by means of a
punch such as D.
4. In the manufacture of glass hollow-ware, causing the molten glass to flow from
the tank or from an intermediate receiver, by exhausting the air from the mould and
the conduit, if any, between the mould and the tank or receiver, for the purpose
specified.
5. In Bottle making machines; the combination of a punch, such as D, a collar
plate B, and a bottle-mould A, for the purpose specified.
6. In bottle making apparatus; attaching the mould and its intermediate appliances
to a revolving table (such as N) supported by a fixed part O, for the purpose specified
and substantially as described, and as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
7. In bottle making Apparatus; attaching the divisions of the mould to slides so
arranged, that the mould can be opened and perfectly closed again, for the purpose of
removing the bottle, substantially as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
8. The general construction of the apparatus hereinbefore described and illustrated
in Fig. 1 of the drawings.
9. The method of closing the mould and permitting the same to open, by means of
the urms I, joints J, and springs L. acting together in the manner hereinbefore
described, and shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
10. In glass blowing machinery, such as shown in Fig. 4; the construction of the
blowpipe, which is curved or bent so as to follow the construction of the machine in
its varying positions, for the purpose as hereinbefore specified.
Dated the 19th day of Invest 1997
ROBT. F. DRURY,
Agent for the Applicant.