IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND. AXLES
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, Serle Street, in the county of Middlesex, Gentle-..
man; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at. West-
minster, the Twelfth day of. June, in the seventh year of Her reign,, did.
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Moses Poole, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Moses Poole, my exors, adñors, and assigns, or such others as.
I,,the said Moses Poole, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all; times, during, the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,.
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,.
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND. AXLES," communicated to
me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters. Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said Moses Poole, shall cause a. particular.
description of the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same.
is. to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of.
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Moses, Poole,, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention,, and.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, Drawing No. 1, represent different views of a wheel,
having the Invention applied thereto. At the outer end of the spokes there is
a grooved rim or felloe, one side of which is formed in four pieces, and is placed
in such manner that the blocks (the grain of which radiates) to form the
outer periphery of the wheel (by means of bolts) are adjusted in their places,
and prevented from shifting their positions. A is the nave of the wheel; B, B,
are the spokes; C, C, is the felloe of-the wheel, one side of which is made in
four pieces, and secured to the other by means of bolts, as shewn. The inner
surfaces e; e, of these pieces have a projecting bead formed thereon, which
goes into grooves formed in the blocks D, D. These blocks are of wood,
and form the tyre of the wheel. They are rounded at their outer ends, to
prevent the wood from splitting. Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 represent a wheel of
an ordinary construction, having the Invention applied thereto. The blocks
of wood are kept in their proper positions by rings of iron, as will be explained.
E, E, are the blocks of wood to form the tyre of the wheels. These blocks
are fixed in their position by means of the two bands or rings of metal G, G,
as shewn in the Drawing, each composed of four pieces. F is the ordinary
felloe. G, G, are rings of metal, having at their inner surfaces projecting
beads e, which pass into grooves formed in the blocks. These rings are
joined together by means of bolts. H, H, are the spokes.
the way in which the parts of the ring are fixed together.
No. 2 is shewn a front and edge view in section of a wheel, in which the
additional felloe is secured over an ordinary felloe by pieces of iron secured
to the ordinary felloe by bolts. These pieces of iron have beads formed
thereon, which pass into grooves or channels in the blocks of wood. The
blocks forming the wooden tyre are shewn at A, A, A. D represents the
ordinary felloe. C, iron band, upon which the blocks rest. The side view
shews the mode of joining the pieces together. The details are similar to
those shewn in Drawing No. 1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES.
Figure 7 shews
In the Drawing
The Drawings Nos. 3 and 4 shew various ways of applying the Invention.
Figure 1 shews an axle box or nave, suitable for the wheel of a railway.

page_text: carriage. This wheel will move freely on the axle, by which any curve may
be made, and also one wheel may turn independently of the other. The
application of this system to railway axles has the advantage of preventing
their becoming too much heated, because the friction takes place only upon
the hard parts, which are kept constantly supplied with grease, as shewn at
F, F, in the Drawings. B is that part of the axle which is not inserted in
the box or nave of the wheel. On one end of the axle is fixed a collar, and
the other a washer, to prevent the lateral movement of the wheel, & which
is supported in the framing of the carriage. C, C, are pieces of tempered
steel, let into the under side of the axle, upon which all the friction of the
wheel takes place. D, D, are rings of steel, fixed in the nave of the wheel
by means of screws D¹. E represents a section of the nave of the wheel,
shewing the ring pieces D, D, and the reservoir for the grease (as shewn at
F) which is supplied through the pipe F, as shewn in the Drawing. This
pipe is closed by a stopper. Metal boxes having these pieces D, D, adapted
to them may be applied to the naves of ordinary wheels, as shewn at Figures
2, 3, 4, and 5, Sheet 4. Figure 2 is a section of the box of a wheel, supplied
with bolts, plates, and washers, as will be described. The axletrees A have
in each case the two pieces of hardened steel C let into their under side, and
secured by screws, as shewn. These pieces are turned down to the figure of
the axle, and receive the friction produced by the revolution of the wheel,
there being rings D, D, secured in the box of the wheel, and which turn upon
the pieces C, C. The parts where the friction takes place are colored red,
and where the grease is are colored black. A is that part of the axle which
passes into the axle box; B, the body of the axle; C, the pieces of steel
let into the axle; D, D, the rings turning upon the picces C. E is the box
or case in which are screwed the pieces D, D. F are the reservoirs for the
grease or oil. H, H, is a metal plate, which. keeps the wheel upon the
axle by means of screw bolts. I, I, are washers, which hermetically close the
boxes of the wheel. Figure 3 shews the section of the box of a wheel, in
which may be seen the pieces where the axle rests, and by which it is secured
to the carriage. J is a screw cap, which fastens the washer H, and prevents
the axle from being withdrawn from the wheel. By the use of this screw
cap, the screw which is ordinarily used across the nave is dispensed with.
H' is a set screw, to prevent the screw cap H turning. I, I, are washers of
leather, or other suitable material, but they may be dispensed with, as this
arrangement will be found sufficiently secure without the use of them. G is a
screw ring, preventing the wheel coming from the box when in operation.
Figure 4 shews another mode of applying the Invention. To the end of the

page_text: axle is fixed a screw that presses against the pieces D. This arrangement is
so simple that any person may readily apply it. The other parts having
been already described it is not necessary to repeat the description here.
Figure 5 shews the Invention applied to an ordinary screwed axle. The
pieces D, D, and C are the same as before described; and it will be seen that
the Invention may be applied to any description of carriage where wheels and
axles are used. Figure 6 shews an axletree with its box in section, in which
the manner of applying the Invention is slightly modified by using rings C in
place of pieces, which are fixed on the axis. And I would generally remark,
that the manner of applying the Invention may be reversed, the parts de-
scribed as being on the axle may be on the box, and the parts described as
being on the boxes may be on the axles. Figure 7 shews the Invention applied
to a railway axle, when the axle revolves in the ordinary manner. In this
case the piece C is affixed to the upper bearing, and the ring D is on the
neck of the axle. It should be remarked that the modes of applying parts
C and D are applicable to axles in general.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-four.