Improvements in Angle Gearing.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 10th July, 1897-Accepted, 24th Dec., 1897
Improvements in Angle Gearing.
A communication from ROBERT WATSON JAMIESON, Engraver, of No. 38 Phelps
Avenue, in the City of Rochester, in the County of Monroe and State of
New York, United States of America.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, Chartered Patent Agent, No. 111 Hatton Garden,
Holborn Circus, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement.
In the drawings accompanying this specification,―
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a pair of the gears for transmission of equal rotations,
one tooth being shown in section;
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the gears for transmission of increased or reduced
rotations;
Fig. 3 is a top plan view of a pair of the gears; and
Fig. 4 is an elevation, partly in section, of another form of tooth provided with
another arrangement of anti-friction devices.
The object of this invention is to reduce to a minimum the very great friction
which found in the use of bevel gears and to accomplish other purposes herein-
after stated.
In the drawings A is a rotary shaft, bearing, in cases where the shaft is small,
a plate B. The plate is merely a support for the gearing devices hereinafter
described and is ordinarily set in a plane to which the axis of the shaft A is
perpendicular. In the form of device shown in Fig. 1, there are two rotary
members A A', each carrying a plate, as B and B¹, the two plates being equal
in size, as in Fig. 1; and at suitable equal distances from each other, in a circle
drawn from the axis of the shaft A or A', are arranged on each plate a series of
rotary-roller teeth, which are adapted, in the two series, to intermesh with each
other; and thus one shaft becomes the driver and the other the driven shaft.
In Fig. 1, A is the driving member and A' is the driven member. In the circle
above mentioned, drawn from the axis of each shaft, are bored through the plate B,
a series of tapped holes in which are fastened a series of axes or bearing cones C
having a screw-threaded portion c to fasten into the plate B, a flange c to form,
with the adjacent portion of the pin C, one portion of the raceway for the balls co;
and having on the end of said pin a conical surface to form one part of a ball
race for the balls co. The pin C is conoidal, substantially as shown, and is
largest near its base. It may be fastened to the plate in any suitable manner,
as by a pin or stud passing through the plate with a screw and nut on the
extremity. Around and over the pin C is a roller or shell D, which, in the form
of device shown, is pointed and conoidal in form. The interior of the shell D

page_text: has a ball race to correspond and cooperate with the ball race on the end of
the pin C formed by the conical surface c². The larger end of the shell D swells
out to pass over the flange c¹ of the pin C and then extends downward in cylindrical
form and is provided with a flange d'. Into this flange is screwed a
which is provided with a conical surface to correspond and cooperate with the
ring D¹,
flange to form a ball race for the balls co. A locking screw d serves to hold
the ring and the shell D together, so that the ring cannot turn with reference
to the shell. As shown in Fig. 1, the plates B and B' have each four of these
anti-friction teeth upon them, 1, 2, 3, 4 and a and C. Of course the plate B,
being shown in elevation, the pairs of teeth are in line so that in fact, there is a
tooth directly behind the tooth a and another tooth directly behind the shell D.
If the shaft A revolves, as indicated by the arrow, the shaft A' will be driven, as
indicated by the arrow on the plate B. As the shaft A¹ revolves in the direction
shown by its arrow, the four teeth upon the disc B will intermesh with the four
teeth upon the diso B₁ and pressing successively upon the same, will drive the
disc B and thus the shaft B will be driven.
In Fig. 1 it will be noticed that each tooth, at its base is cylindrical and that
this cylindrical portion is a part of the working surface of the tooth, the remainder
of the working surface being curved and decreasing in diameter toward the free
end of the tooth. The curved portion of the surface of the tooth is, in the form
shown, substantially the solid of revolution of a circular arc upon its sine and
this curve I call a sine conoid. This conformation is as close as I can determine
this form of tooth, although the curvature in question may not be precisely a
sine conoid and the portion which I consider the base of the tooth, may not be
exactly cylindrical; in fact, the curvature of the surface of the tooth may, for
instance, be parabolic. The working surface of each tooth, in all the Figures,
has a curvature that is quite long and the working surface extends to and upon
a portion of the so-called cylindrical surface.
This form is given to the rotary teeth in order to produce, at the same time, a
very close approximation of uniform ratio of velocity in the two gears, whichever
may be the driver and whichever may be the driven, and at the
same time to exclude back lash 80 far as it is practicable to do
80
with good workmanship. In the form of the gears shown in Fig. 1,
there are only four teeth upon each of the intermeshing members and
the diameter of the circles on which the axes of the teeth are set are small
in proportion to the size of the teeth themselves; my device, therefore, having
large teeth in a small gear, is very strong and compact; and the size of the
roller teeth permits the use of ball bearings.
In many machines, it is highly important to use gearing with an absence of
back-lash and with a uniform ratio of velocity between the gears when corre-
sponding teeth are acting upon each other. Absence of back-lash means that
upon reversal of the movement of one gear or upon a decrease in speed of the
driving gear or an increase of speed in the driven gear, there will be no shock
or blow or undue strain, because there is no play or space between the adjacent
meshing teeth.
The uniform ratio of velocity between the gears is important for a similar
reason, viz., to exclude sudden movements of the driven gear when the driving
gear is revolving uniformly and thereby to exclude sudden shocks or strains in
either of the members when the velocity of one is varied.
By this explanation I do not mean that there is obtained an absolutely uniform
ratio of velocity, because while the gears which are constructed according to this
invention, show a substantial and practical uniform ratio of velocity, it has not
been attempted to determine the absoluteness of their ratios of velocity.
4
The working surface of each tooth includes a curvature which decreases in
diameter toward its axis and toward its free end and also has a surface which 5
may be a continuation of such curvature or may be cylindrical.
It is by the use of rotary roller teeth having the form or forms described, that

page_text: in this gear one is enabled to produce at the same time, an absence of back-lash
and a uniform ratio of velocity, which, so far as my correspondent is aware, has
never been accomplished at the same time in any form of angle gearing having
roller teeth in both members, or teeth which are themselves provided with anti-
friction devices. Each of the teeth is provided with ball bearings, as above
described, and the friction of each tooth rolling upon the other, is thus reduced to
a minimum. By the use of the tooth having a closed outer end and an internal
pin or support, provided with anti-friction devices, or ball bearings, substantially
as set forth, this device is substantially dust proof. In case of wear
any tooth or damage thereto, it is easily removable to be replaced,
particularly as each tooth is like
every other tooth and thus this
device is an important improvement over angle gears of the usual form, in which,
if a tooth is broken or worn to a detrimental degree, the whole gear wheel must
be replaced.
on
In Fig. 2 is shown a pair of the angle gears, one of which, the smaller, has
four teeth, and the other of which, 133, has eight teeth.
In Fig. 3 is shown a top plan of a pair of my angle gears exhibiting the inter-
meshing from a different point of view from that in Figs. 1 and 2. The
plates and are cut away, as at 63, leaving a series of projecting portions on
which are set the pins or teeth a'. It will be noticed, in this view, that the parts
are so proportioned that the teeth only make contact.
In Fig. 4 the form of tooth a¹0 is conical, decreasing in size toward its free end
and is provided with a stem a20, which is screw-threaded on the end for the
purpose soon to be described. The plate 6 on which the series of teeth are sup-.
ported has a perforation through it which permits the stem a20 to pass entirely
through the plate and the edges of the perforation are beveled or otherwise suitably
shaped, so that series of balls e e¹ may rest against a suitable shoulder on the
stem a20 or on the base of the cone a10, the balls resting in the angle thus formed
between the stem and shoulder and upon the beveled edge of the perforation.
through the plate b. At the back of the plate b the edges of the perforation are
beveled or otherwise suitably shaped, to act as a race for another series of balls c!
which are held in place by a plate a² which slips upon the stem a and which...
is held in position by any suitable nieans, such as the locking nuts a and a 23
which fit upon the screw-threaded end of the stem a20. By adjusting these
locking nuts, the whole ball bearing for the roller tooth is adjustable. Of course
either form of the ball bearing devices may be used in any suitable form of rotary
tooth and by showing more than one form of anti-friction device, I mean to claim
as this invention all forms of rotary teeth provided with anti-friction devices
having substantially the same mode of operation as those herein set forth. It
is obvious that on a pair of supporting plates both forms of tooth may be used
and both forms of anti-friction devices.
My correspondent does not limit himself to the arrangement of the teeth to form
circular gears, as herein shown, but the same may be oval, square, or of any such
other form as may be necessary and it is obvious that the same may be produced..
without departing from the invention herein set forth. The teeth may be trun-
cated, if desired. This invention is the first one known to my correspondent in
which, among other points of novelty, there is a pair of revolving members having
a series of rotary-roller teeth upon them, each tooth being provided with anti-
friction devices and each rolling longitudinally upon another tooth toward its
extremity when the two are in operative and moving contact, and each so shaped
and adjusted as to produce close intermeshing of the teeth of one series between
the teeth of the other series.
While the drawings show shafts set at right angles to each other, this device
is adaptable to shafts running at other angles to each other, whether acute or
obtuse.
The angles of the teeth with reference to the axes of rotation of their supports
may be varied within wide limits and the claims are not limited in this respect

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, declare that what I claim is;-
1 In angle gearing, two series of intermeshing rotary roller teeth, the working
surface of each tooth having a curved portion which decreases in diameter toward
its axis and toward its free end.
2 In angle gearing, two series of intermeshing rotary roller teeth, the working
surface of each tooth having a curvature which decreases in diameter toward its
axis and toward its free end.
3 In angle gearing, two series of intermeshing rotary roller teeth, the working
surface of each tooth having a curvature which is substantially a sine conoid.
4 In angle gearing, two series of intermeshing rotary roller teeth, the working
surface of each tooth having a portion which decreases in diameter toward its
axis and toward its free end, and anti-friction devices for each tooth.
5 In angle gearing, two series of intermeshing rotary roller teeth, and anti-
friction devices for each tooth.
6. In angle gearing, two series of intermeshing rotary roller teeth, each roller
tooth having
a closed outer end, an internal support for each tooth, and anti-
friction devices interposed between said roller and its support.
7 In angle gearing, two series of intermeshing rotary roller teeth, the working
surface of each tooth having a curved portion which decreases in diameter toward
its axis and toward its free end, each roller tooth having a closed outer end, an
internal support for each tooth, and anti-friction devices interposed between said
roller and its support.
8 In angle gearing, a pair of revoluble members, as the plates B B¹, arranged
at an angle with each other, each bearing a series of teeth for intermeshing with
the teeth on the other plate, each tooth consisting of a central pin C, an outer
shell 1) closed at the free end, and revolving anti-friction devices interposed
between the shell and the pin.
9 In angle gearing, a pair of revoluble members, as the plates B B¹, arranged
at an angle with each other, each having a series of fixed pins C provided with
end and base ball races, and a revoluble shell fitting over said pin and provided
with ball races cooperating with the ball races on the pin, and balls in said
ball races.
10 In angle gearing, the combination of a pair of revoluble members, such as
a pair of supporting plates, arranged at an angle with each other, cach having
a series of fixed pins C, each pin being provided with a flange c¹ and a beveled
end, a shell fitting over said pin and provided with a ring 11 adapted to screw
upon the base of said shell and to form, with said flange c, a ball race at the base
of said shell, said shell having also a surface or bevel d to form an end ball race,
and balls in said ball races.
11 In angle gearing, the combination of a pair of revoluble members, as a
pair of supporting plates, arranged at an angle with each other, each being pro-
vided with a series of revoluble pins on one side of the plate and stems passing
through said plate, ball races upon one side of said plate adapted to hold balls
against a shoulder on said stem, and a plate adapted to hold balls around said
stem on the other side of the plate, and locking nuts for holding the parts together.
Dated this 10th day of July 1897
BOULT & WADE
Agents for the Applicant.