IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOSAICS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan of Kensington, Middlesox, for
an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOSAICS."-
A communication from abroad by George Stanley, of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MOSAICS," A communication from abroad by George Stanley,
of Massachusetts, United States of America.
In the manufacture of windows or various other articles of stained or coloured
plate glass, there result many small scraps of pieces which are usually considered
as waste material. My invention having for its object the utilizing of such or
their conversion into mosaic sheets or panes.
To this end I first form a bed composed of a mixture of clay and fine sand; and
having levelled the surface thereof, I arrange upon it, while it is in a moist or
adhesive state, the small pieces of glass, taking care to have a narrow channel
or space between each and that or those next to it, and in case of not using a
metallic or other frame to surround the whole, and to rest on the argillaceous or
arenaceous bed. I form with the composition of the bed a wall entirely around
and at a short distance from the series of pieces of coloured glass. But in case of
using such a frame, it should encompass the series of pieces, and there should be
between them and it a narrow space which should extend around the entire series.
I next cover the upper surfaces of the several pieces of glass, with a very thin
coating of clay or chalk in solution or mixture of water, such being to prevent
adhesion to such surfaces of the joining metal or metallic composition. Next the
bed and coating are to be slowly dried, after which the whole is to be raised to a
temperature equivalent to that required for melting the said joining metal. This
joining metal may be lead or the composition known as type metal," or in
other words, the metallic composition of lead and antimony usually employed for
the manufacture of printing types. While the bed and glass are in such heated
condition I pour thereon molten metal, and cause it to flow freely between the
several pieces of glass, and around the entire series, until the spaces between and
about the pieces are entirely filled with the metal. After the metal may have
become set, or sufficiently hard, I remove by any suitable means the surplus thereof.
The metal thus constitutes a frame for holding each piece of glass in place relatively
to the others next or about it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters ratent nied
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th October 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MOSAICS," A communication from abroad by George Stanley,
of Massachusetts, United States of America,
In the manufacture of windows or various other articles of stained or colored
plate glass, there result many small scraps of pieces, which are usually considered
as waste material.
This invention having for its object the utilizing of such or their conversion into
mosaic sheets or panes.
To this end I first form a bed composed of a mixture of clay and fine sand and
-having-levelled the surface thereof, I arrange upon it, while it may be in a moist
or adhesive-state, the small pieces of glass, taking care to liavo a narrow channel-
or space between each and that or those next to it, and in case of not using a¯
metallic or other frame to surround the whole, and to rest on the argillaceous or
arenaceous bed. I form with the composition of the bed a wall entirely around
and at a short distance from the series of pieces of colored glass. But in caso of
using such a frame, it should-encompass-the..series of pieces, and there should
be between them and it a narrow space which should extend around the entire
series.
-I-next-cover-the-upper-surfaces_of_the_several pieces of glass with a very thin
coating of clay or chalk in solution or mixture with water, such being to prevent
adhesion to such surfaces of the joining metal or metallic composition. Noxt the
bed and coating are to be slowly dried, after which the whole is to be raised to a
temperature equivalent to that required for melting the said joining metal.
This joining metal may be lead or the composition known as “ type metal,” or in
other words, the metallic composition of lead and antimony usually employed for
the manufacture of printing types.
While the bed and glass are in such heated condition I pour thereon molten
metal, and cause it to flow freely between the several pieces of glass-and around
the entire series, until the spaces between and about the pieces are entirely filled
with the inetal.
After the metal may have become set, or sufficiently hard, I remove by any
suitable means the surplus thereof. The metal thus constitutes a frame for holding
each piece of glass in place relatively to the others next or about it.
In this manner I am enabled to mosaic panes or plates, that can be utilized to
advantage in the manufacture of windows, or screens, or various other articles.
The clay and sand may be mixed in or about in equal proportions, and when in
a moist state, as well as after being heated, it serves to hold the pieces of glass
in their due positions. The coating, as described, of the upper surfaces of the
pieces, is necessary to prevent adhesion of the metal to them.
What I claim is the mode substantially as described of making a mosaic of glass,
or other mineral substance, such consisting in arranging the pieces, in manner as
described, on an argillaceous or arenaceous bed next coating the upper surfaces of
the said pieces with clay, or other material suitable to prevent adhesion of the
joining metal to such surface-next drying the whole and heating it to the
temperature of the joining metal when in a molten state, and while such bed
and pieces may be at such temperature, pouring upon the pieces of glass and into

page_text: the narrow spaces or channels between and around them, lead, or a joining metal,
in a molten state, the whole being subsequently cooled, and finished by removal of
the surplus metal-as set forth.
In Witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eighteenth day of October A.D. 1882.