Improvements in Steam and other Engines, Adapting them for Temporary Use as Pumps.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1892-Accepted, 24th Sept., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam and other Engines, Adapting them for
Temporary Use as Pumps.
I, JOHAN MARINIUS ANDERSON, of 21, Hamilton Street, Boston, in the State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to steam-engines, and has for its object to improve the
construction of the same, in such manner that a steam engine may be readily
converted into a pumping engine. My invention is particularly applicable to
multiple expansion engines, such as now commonly used on board steamships.
Steamships, as now commonly equipped, are provided with multiple expansion
engines employed to propel the ship, and with independent water pumps adapted to
be driven by the said engine or by separate engines. The water pumps referred to
are designed to be used to free the vessel from water, in case of leakage or accident,
but in practice, it frequently happens, that the capacity of the water pumps is
insufficient to take care of the water let into the vessel by a large leak or hole in
its hull, such as might be caused by collisions or similar accidents.
In accordance with my present invention, the multiple expansion steam-engine
may be constructed so as to be used as an ordinary steam-engine to propel the ship,
but may also be quickly converted into a combination steam and pumping engine,
whereby the ship may be supplied with a pump of substantially large capacity in
addition to its regular complement of pumps, the capacity of the additional pump
alone being sufficient to take care of a substantially large volume of water,
I prefer to employ a triple expansion engine, comprising a high pressure, inter-
mediate and low pressure cylinders, and to utilize the low pressure cylinder as a
pump in case of emergency, the remaining cylinders, namely, the high pressure and
the intermediate, acting as the high and low pressure cylinders of a compound engine
to drive the piston of the additional pump or low pressure cylinder.
My invention in a steam-engine therefore consists in a steam cylinder provided
with steam inlet and outlet ports, a valve to control said ports, a piston in said
cylinder, a main or crank shaft to which the said valve and piston are connected,
a water port for said cylinder, and a valve to control said water port, normally
closed when the cylinder is used as a steam cylinder, and opened when the said
cylinder is used as a water cylinder or pump, substantially as will be described.
Other features of my invention will be pointed out in the claims at the end of
this Specification.
In the accompanying three sheets of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side or front elevation, partially broken out, of a multiple expansion
engine embodying my invention.
Fig. 2, an end elevation of the engine shown in Fig. 1 looking toward the right,
the lower pressure cylinder being broken out, to enable the operation to be more
readily understood.
Fig. 3, a top or plan view of a sufficient portion of the engine, shown in Figs. 1
and 2, to enable my invention to be understood.
me,
Fig. 4, a detail, in top or plan view, of the low pressure cylinder.
Fig. 5, a detail, in section and elevation, of the valve construction preferred by
for converting the steam-engine into a combination engine and pump, and
Fig. 6, a sectional detail of one form of steam valve for the low pressure
cylinder.
The multiple expansion steam-engine, with which I have chosen to illustrate my

page_text: invention, is herein shown as an upright triple expansion engine, comprising the
high pressure cylinder A, the intermediate cylinder A' and the low pressure
cylinder A².
The cylinders A, A1, A2, are supported, as shown, upon three sets of columns A*
A A6, resting upon a suitable bed frame A. The columns A' A³ may be made
solid or hollow and the columns A made hollow, for a purpose which will be
described.
The cylinders are provided with suitable pistons, joined by suitable connecting
rods to a main or crank-shaft a, having bearings in the bed frame A, and
provided with suitable cranks to which the connecting rods are joined, only oue
crank a being indicated by dotted lines, Fig. 2, to which the piston a² of the
low pressure cylinder A is joined by the connecting rod a³, the said connecting
rod being pivoted at one end to the cross-head a sliding in vertical guides a³,
and to which the piston rod a of the piston a² is fastened.
The cylinders A, A', have, co-operating with them, any usual or well-known form
of steam valve, not herein shown, but which have their valve rods a suitably
connected in any usual or desired manner to a rock-shaft 10, joined by eccentric
rods a¹² a¹ to eccentrics 14 a 15 on the crank shaft a.
The low pressure cylinder A2 has, co-operating with it, a steam valve preferably
of the construction herein shown, it consisting of a double valve or two valves a¹ a
(see Fig. 6), mounted on a single valve rod as joined to a rock-shaft al, independent
of the rock-shaft a¹0, but adapted to be coupled or firmly fastened thereto by a
suitable clutch mechanism, herein shown as a toothed hub a fast on the rock-
shaft a, and a corresponding toothed hub or sleeve a keyed or otherwise fitted on
the rock-shaft a to slide thereon, to be engaged with and disengaged from the
toothed hub a0, for a purpose which will be described.
The valves a¹a, as herein shown, are of the well-known form of D-valve, the
valve operating or registering with a port a, leading to one end of the low
pressure cylinder A², as for instance, the top of the said cylinder, and also with one
mouth of an exhaust port or passage a made in the low pressure cylinder, but
which does not lead directly into the said cylinder. The valve a registers with a
port a leading to the bottom of the low pressure cylinder and also with the other
mouth of the port or passage 20. The valve rod a¹8, is connected to the rock-
shaft a", which is joined by the usual eccentric rods as to the eccentrics a" on the
crank-shaft a.
To enable the low pressure cylinder A2 to be used as a pump, the latter is provided,
preferably at both ends, with ports, herein shown as located in the top 6 and
bottom of the said cylinder, and normally closed by valves ³, preferably disk
valves having beveled edges to fit correspondingly beveled seats. The upper end
of the cylinder A is adapted to be connected, through the port controlled by the
valve, with a passage extended from above the cylinder, down one side to
the bottom of the same, the said passage being formed, as herein shown, by
the cylinder A, a bottom plate side plate or casting and top plate or
casting 17.
The lower end of the cylinder A2 is adapted to be connected through the port
controlled by the valve with a passage *, formed by the bottom b' of the cylinder
and the plate, and cut off or separated from the passage by the wall or upright
plate
The passage communicates with the leg 2 of the hollow column A*, and the
passage with the leg 3 of the said column. The columns A are preferably con-
nected at their lower ends by a passage made in the bed frame A', the latter
being provided with an opening be constituting a water inlet, port, through which the
water to be discharged by the low pressure cylinder, when used as a pump, is
admitted to the passage .
The legs 2, 3, of the columns A are provided, near their upper ends, preferably
in close proximity to the cylinder A2, with upwardly opening valves 610 62, shown
as flap valves, which may be of any usual or well-known construction, they being

page_text: pivoted as at 63, 64, and normally resting on lugs or stops 6,166,1 on the inside of the
hollow legs 2, 3. The hollow legs 2, 3, of the column A, have connected to them
above the valves 610 61, discharge pipes 18 also provided with suitable outwardly
opening valves, herein shown as flap valves 61, 620, pivoted as at 21, and normally
resting against valve seats 232 on the inside of the discharge pipes 17 18
The valves are designed to, and preferably will, be made to move simul-
taneously in opposite directions, when the cylinder A is to be used as a pump. This
result may be accomplished by means of gearing, as will now be described. The
valve is provided with a threaded rod or stem c, extended through a threaded
sleeve c projected through the plate and having fast to it a bevel gear c², in mesh
with a bevel pinion fast on a shaft of having bearings in uprights c* supported on
the cylinder A, see Fig. 1, the shaft et being provided near its opposite end, with a
bevel pinion in mesh with a bevel pinion, fast on a shaft c, see Fig. 1, having
bearings, as shown, in lugs or cars c c secured to or forming part of the
cylinder A2.
The valve 3 is provided with a stem or rod c¹0, having screw-threads which run
in an opposite direction from the screw-threads on the valve rod c, so that the
valves may be moved simultaneously in opposite directions. The valve rod co
is extended through a threaded sleeve projected below the cylinder A and
having fast to it a gear c¹³, in mesh with a pinion ", on the shaft c', the latter being
provided, as herein shown, with a hand-wheel c, by which the said shaft may be
rotated to open and close the valves ² 13.
In the normal condition of the engine, the cylinder A2, forms the low pressure
cylinder for the engine, the steam from the intermediate cylinder A' exhausting
from said intermediate cylinder into the valve chest of the low pressure cylinder,
from whence it passes alternately through the ports as a into the cylinder A2, and
the exhaust steam from the low pressure cylinder passes from said cylinder to the
condenser d. When the engine is working as a triple expansion engine, as just
described, the, rock-shaft a" is clutched to the rock-shaft a10, and both rock-shafts
are working as one shaft. If now it is desired to use the low pressure cylinder as a
pump, the rock-shaft al is disconnected from the rock-shaft a, which may be
effected as herein shown, by means of a lever d', joined by a connecting rod d² to a
vertical rock-shaft, see dotted lines, Fig. 2, the said rock-shaft having secured to
or forming part of it near its upper end, a forked arm, see Fig. 3, engaging a
groove in the clutch sleeve or hub a. The clutch sleeve a may be held in
engagement with its co-operating hub a, as herein shown, see Fig. 3, by means of
a stop pin or stud, on an arm d secured to one of the columns A³.
When the low pressure cylinder is to be used as a pump, the exhaust steam from
the cylinder A is led directly to the condenser d, and the steam valves a6 a7 are
moved to their central position, one lap of the valve a covering the port a" and
one lap of the valve a covering the port a", thereby closing the steam ports
leading to the cylinder A². The valves a6 a7 may be moved into their central
position, by rocking the shaft als, which may be accomplished, as shown, by means
of a crank do on the rock-shaft a, joined by the rod to a bell crank lever,
having one arm di pivoted to the rod, see Fig. 2, and its other arm d joined
by a rod d to a crank d" on a shaft d, having secured to it a lever ¹³, the rock-
shaft a having another crank, shown only in Fig. 2, connected by a link to
the slotted slide d of the usual and well-known link-motion valve gearing, to which
the eccentric rods a 28 are connected.
In order to convert the low pressure cylinder A' into a pump, the pipe or passage
leading from the cylinder A' to the cylinder A² must be closed, and a pipe or
passage leading from the cylinder A' to the condenser is opened, and at the same
time the exhaust pipe or passage from the cylinder A must be closed. In order
that the change above described, may be accomplished in substantially an instant
and by one mechanism, I prefer to employ a valve chest or casing and an arrange-
ment of valves, substantially such as shown in Fig. 5. Referring now to Fig. 5, the
valve casing referred to, consists, as shown, of two substantially spherical portions e, e¹

page_text: connected by a tubular portion e². The spherical portion e is provided with an inlet
pipe or opening 200, and an outlet pipe e, the inlet pipe in practice being
connected to the exhaust pipe et for the cylinder A', and the outlet pipe e being
connected to the steam inlet pipe or port of the valve chest containing the slide
valves at a of the low pressure cylinder, as shown in Fig. 5, the slide valves being
omitted. The spherical portion e' of the valve casing is connected by the pipe es to
the exhaust or discharge passage a² for the valve chest of the low pressure
cylinder A³.
The tubular portion e² has connected to or forming part of it an outlet pipe eº,
to which is connected the pipe e leading to the condenser, as shown in Fig. 3.
The valve casing referred to contains within it, as shown in Fig. 5, three disk
valves esee, mounted on a single valve rod e, extended through suitable glands
or stuffing boxes else at the ends of the valve casing, two of the valves, as ee
being located in the spherical portion and the valve el in the spherical portion e¹.
In the normal condition of the engine, that is, when it is working as a triple
expansion steam engine, the valves e, e, e occupy the positions shown in Fig. 5,
the valve being open to connect the exhaust pipe from the cylinder A' with the
steam inlet pipe leading to the valve chest of the cylinder A, the valve e being
also open to connect the steam exhaust pipe es from the valve chest of the
cylinder A, with the pipe e leading to the condenser d, while the valve is at
such time closed, to cut ofl' direct communication between the pipe 200 and the
pipe e*.
With the valves es ei eo in the positions shown in Fig. 5, the exhaust steam from
the cylinder A passes through the valve casing, as indicated by arrows 40, into
the cylinder A, and the exhaust steam from the cylinder A passes, as indicated
by arrows 41, to the condenser.
As represented in Fig. 5, the exhaust steam from the cylinder A' passes through
the pipes into the valve chest of the cylinder A, and thence through the
port into the cylinder A² below the piston a², moving the latter upward and
forcing the exhaust steam in the cylinder A2 above the piston a², out through the
ports as to the pipe es, from whence it passes through the spherical portion e¹,
tubular portion e², through the pipe e to the condenser.
When it is desired to use the cylinder A2 as a pump, the valves eª e el⁰ are
moved downward in the direction indicated by arrow 50, which may be accom-
plished, as herein shown by means of a lever e, pivoted as at e" and connected
to the valve rod e by link e, the said lever being moved in the direction indicated
by arrow 51. The lever e20 is moved in the direction of arrow 51, until the valve e*
cuts off communication between the pipes e² e³ and the valve e cuts off the pipe e
from the pipe e, the valve e being opened by the said movements, so as to connect
the pipe e directly with the pipe e. With valves ese closed, and the valve
opened, as described, the exhaust steam from the cylinder A' passes directly to
the condenser, as indicated by dotted line arrows 60, and the engine is composed
of a high pressure cylinder A, and a low pressure cylinder A¹. When the
valves are moved into their positions just described, it will be understood
that at substantially the same instant, the rock-shaft a is disconnected from the
rock-shaft a, by operating the lever d', and the valves a6 a7 are moved to their
central position to close the ports a 27 by operating the lever, and the
valves are opened by turning the wheel c
With the parts in the positions just described, the piston a² of the cylinder A³
is still driven by the crank-shaft a, and on the up stroke of the piston a², water is
drawn through the port into the passage 18, up the hollow leg 3, into the
passage, through the port in the bottom of the cylinder A² into the said
cylinder below the piston a, and on the down stroke of the piston a², the water in
the cylinder below the piston a² is forced out through the port in the bottom 61
into the passage 68, thence through the discharge pipe 6, the valve 20 being opened
by the water passing through the pipe 61s, while the valve 2 in the hollow leg 3
is closed by the said water. On the down stroke of the piston, water is drawn up

page_text: the hollow leg 2, through the passage, into the cylinder A above the piston a²,
and on the next up stroke of the piston a, the water above the said piston is forced
out through the passage and discharge pipe 7, the valve being opened by
the water passing through the pipe and the valve & being maintained closed by
the said water.
Owing to the large size of the cylinder A, the capacity of the same, when used
as a pump, is substantially great, and consequently a large volume of water may be
taken care of by the said pump.
My improved engine is especially designed and adapted to be used on steamships,
and it will readily be seen, that in case of emergency, the pumping capacity of the
ship may be largely increased with it.
Although especially adapted to be used as a marine engine on steamships, my
improved engine may be used to advantage in other places.
I have herein shown my invention as embodied in a triple expansion engine, but
I do not desire to limit my invention in this respect, as it may be embodied in other
forms of engine.
So also I have represented the convertible engine as driven from a main shaft (1,
and while I prefer this construction, I do not desire to limit my invention in this
respect, as the steam cylinder A2, capable of being converted into a pump of
substantially large capacity, may be used with an electric or other metor
mechanism.
Thus for example, the engine might consist of a single steam cylinder, having
water ports.
When the cylinder was required to be used as a pump, it would be driven by an
electric motor, which could be coupled to the crank shaft of the pump. Such an
engine might be used to advantage in mines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a steam-engine, a steam cylinder provided with steam inlet and outlet
ports, a valve to control said ports, a piston in said cylinder, a main or crank shaft
to which the said valve and piston are connected, a water port for said cylinder,
and a valve to control said water port, normally closed when the cylinder is used
as a steam cylinder, and opened when the said cylinder is used as a water cylinder
or pump, substantially as described.
2. In a steam-engine, a steam cylinder provided with steam inlet and outlet ports,
a valve to control said ports, a piston in said cylinder, a main or crank shaft to
which the said valve and piston are connected, water ports at opposite ends of the
said cylinder, valves to control said ports normally closed when the cylinder is
used as a steam cylinder, and gearing to connect the said water valves, whereby
they may be opened by one actuating mechanism, substantially as described.
3. In an engine, a plurality of cylinders, provided with pistons, a main or crank
shaft to which the said pistons are connected, one or more ports in one of the said
cylinders additional to the regular ports, one or more valves to control said
additional ports, and mechanism to disconnect the said ported cylinder from the
remaining cylinders, whereby the said ported cylinder may be driven as a pump by
the remaining cylinder or cylinders, substantially as described.
4. In a multiple expansion steam-engine, a plurality of cylinders, provided with.
pistons and connected together for expansion of the steam from one cylinder to
another, valves for each of said cylinders to control the admission of steam to the
cylinders, a main or crank shaft to which the said pistons and valves are connected,
one or more ports in one of said cylinders additional to the ports controlled by the
steam valves, one or more valves to control said additional ports, and valves to
control the passages leading to the cylinder provided with the said additional
ports, whereby the said multiple expansion steam-engine may be converted into a
combination steam-engine and pump, substantially as described.
5. In a steam-engine, a high pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder, valves

page_text: to control the admission of steam to the said cylinders, a rock-shaft to which the
valve of the high pressure cylinder is connected, a second rock-shaft to which the
valve of the low pressure cylinder is connected, a clutch mechanism to couple
the said rock-shafts together, a main or crank shaft to which the said rock-shafts
are connected, an additional or water port in the low pressure cylinder, a valve to
control said port, valves to open and close the inlet and outlet passages to the low
pressure cylinder, whereby the low pressure cylinder may be converted into a
pump driven by the high pressure cylinder, substantially as described.
6. In a steam-engine, a high pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder,
provided with pistons, and with valves to control the admission of steam into said
cylinders, columns to support the said cylinders, the column of the low pressure
cylinder being made hollow and provided with a water inlet port, a valve in said
hollow column, a discharge pipe connected to said hollow column, a rock-shaft to
which the steam valve of the high pressure cylinder is connected, a second rock-
shaft to which the steam valve of the low pressure cylinder is connected, means
to detachably couple the said rock-shafts together, a main or crank-shaft to which
the pistons of the said cylinders are connected, means to connect the rock-shafts.
to the crank-shaft, a water port in the low pressure cylinder communicating
with the hollow column, a valve to control said port, and valves to control the
inlet and outlet passages for the low pressure cylinder, whereby the low pressure
cylinder may be converted into a pump, substantially as described.
7. In a multiple expansion engine, a high pressure cylinder A, a low pressure
cylinder A, and an intermediate cylinder A, a bed frame, columns A4, A³ to
support the cylinders A A¹, and a hollow column A provided with legs 2, 3, to
support the low pressure cylinder, a main or crank-shaft, pistons in the said
cylinders connected to the said crank-shaft, valves to control the admission of
steam into said cylinders, a rock-shaft a to which the valves of the cylinders A. A¹
are connected, a rock-shaft a" to which the valve of the cylinder A² is connected,
means to move said shaft to place the valve of the cylinder A² in its central
position, a clutch to couple the said shafts together, and means to operate said clutch,
water ports in the cylinder A2, a passage connecting one of said ports with the
hollow leg 2 of the column A, a second passage to connect the other water port
to the hollow leg 3 of the said column, valves in the said hollow legs, valves b² 13
to control the water ports and means to operate said valves, a valve casing inter-
mediate of the cylinders A' A' and having ports or passages, connected to the
exhausts of the cylinders A' A2 and to the inlet of the cylinder A2, and valves-to
control said passages, whereby the cylinder A² may be converted into a pump,
substantially as described.
8. In a steam-engine, the steam cylinder A² provided with a piston a², a crank-
shaft to which said piston is connected, steam ports for said cylinder, and a valve
to control said ports, additional water ports at the opposite ends of the cylinder,
and valves to control the same, a passage communicating with the port 63, and a
passage communicating with the port, substantially as described.
9. In a steam-engine, the steam cylinder A provided with a piston a², a crank-
shaft to which said piston is connected, steam ports for said cylinder, and a valve
to control said ports, additional water ports at the opposite ends of the cylinder,
and valves to control the same, a passage & communicating with the port 2, and a
passage communicating with the port 3, a hollow column 2 communicating
with the passage b, a valve 10 in said column, a branch pipe " and a valve 6 in.
said branch pipe, a hollow column 3 communicating with the passage b*, a valve 612
in said column, a branch pipe 18 and a valve 20 in said branch pipe, substantially
as described.
AMBROSE MYALL,
21, Cockspur Street, London, S.W., Agent for the Applicant.