IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR WORKING, APPARATUS FOR HOISTING AND PRESSING
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes and
Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR WORKING, APPARATUS FOR HOISTING AND
PRESSING. A communication from abroad by Dennis Frisbee, of the
City and County of New Haven, State of Connecticut, United States of
America.
Sealed the 10th August 1866, and dated the 15th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1866.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR WORKING APPARATUS. FOR
HOISTING AND PRESSING," a communication to me from abroad by Dennis
Frisbee, of the City and County of New Haven, State of Connecticut, United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the mechanism for operating
windlasses for the purpose of hoisting, or for other purposes where a similar
power is required, and consists, firstly, in actuating a pawl to move a ratchet

page_text: the pawl.
And, secondly, in the combination of two pawls acting alternately upon a
ratchet, so that a stop dog is not required, one of the pawls retreating to
catch a tooth while the other advances.
I employ a frame, upon which in proper bearings a cylinder is hung, so as
to revolve freely therein, and upon one end of the said cylinder is fixed a
ratchet wheel, and upon the other end a head. The driving shaft is caused
to revolve by the application of power in any convenient or known manner,
and there are two eccentrics fixed to the said shaft, and set opposite to each
other. There are two pawls, one end of each forming a strap around its
respective eccentric, and the other end of each formed so as to catch into a
notch in the aforesaid ratchet wheel. The throw of the eccentrics in some
cases is equal to one tooth upon the ratchet wheel, and the pawls are of equal
length. One pawl attached to one of the eccentrics advances to its extreme
point, moving the ratchet wheel one tooth, while the other pawl retreats to its
extreme point and falls into another tooth, and by a half revolution of the
driving shaft the position of the two pawls will be reversed, the second pawl
advancing while the first pawl retreats, thereby moving the ratchet wheel
forward, and the revolution of the shaft being continued the alternate
advancing and retreating movement of the pawls will be performed, carrying
the ratchet wheel forward one tooth at each advance movement. If the
throw of the eccentric is made but half as great one pawl should be half a
tooth shorter than the other, by which arrangement the pawls would each act
upon every tooth, whereas by the arrangement first described the pawls each
act upon alternate teeth, and by the last arrangement the power would be
proportionately increased; thus it is evident that by reducing the throw of the
eccentric the power is proportionately increased. To release the ratchet wheel
from the action of the pawls, so as to allow it to return, I place a lever upon
a fulcrum beneath the pawls, so that by moving the lever as required the two
pawls will be raised sufficiently to release, the wheel and permit its return.
In some cases the ratchet wheel is placed at one end of the cylinder, and
made broad enough upon its face to allow the action of both pawls, which I
consider the better plan for a hoisting apparatus; but when desired a second
wheel may be placed at the other end of the cylinder, and the two pawls
arranged one to operate upon each wheel, maintaining always the same
relative position; or if still greater power be required more pawls with their
own eccentrics may be added.
This Invention is thus far described as applicable to a common hoisting

page_text: apparatus, but it is not confined to this purpose alone, as it is evident that the
same arrangement may be used for various purposes, such as for capstans,
derricks, and like purposes..
I will now proceed to describe this Invention as adapted to a press for
baling purposes. On a bed plate are placed four upright sides inclosing the
space within which the material to be pressed is placed,, and the top of the
case is made sufficiently strong and secured to the sides, so as to sustain the
pressure required, and so that if necessary the top may be easily removed..
The follower is made to closely fill the space, and has at two sides strips
filling guideways in two of the upright sides, and. as the follower rises the
strips will also rise, and when the follower is dropped the strips will drop
with it, and thus the guideways are always filled in the two. sides.. On the
two sides and near the top. I place pulleys, over which a chain or cord passes.
down through chainways formed in the two sides at the back of the guide--
ways, and secured to the follower; or it may be a single cord or chain
passing under the follower from the pulleys. The said chain passes down to
drums (one on each side), and to the said drums I fix ratchet wheels, by the
turning of which the chain will be wound upon the two drums, and thus raise
the follower, the strips serving to cover the chain to prevent its coming in
contact with the material being pressed. To operate the two ratchet wheels
I place a shaft in proper bearings, and on this shaft I place eccentrics and
pawls, so that as the shaft revolves the eccentrics will move the pawls, there-
being stop dogs which fall into the ratchet wheel to hold the same as it is.
revolved by the action of the pawls; or if two pawls are used upon each side,
as before described in the hoisting apparatus, the stop dog will be unnecessary.
The two eccentrics are set upon the shaft opposite to each other, so that the-
pawls act upon their respective ratchets alternately, thus raising the follower.
at one end one notch, then the other end a notch, and so on. By thus
operating the follower the whole power is applied alternately to each end, the
follower acting as á lever upon the material to be pressed, one end being held
press is
as a fulcrum, the other raised by the power, whereby the power of the
very much increased, if not quite doubled. To lower the follower after it has
been thus raised I extend the stop dogs out so as to form levers, so that by
pressing down the said levers the stop dogs will strike the pawls and raise
them from the ratchet wheels. This will allow the follower with the strips to
fall, unwinding the chain in their descent from the drums.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant, unto me,
the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special licence that I, the said Edward
Thomas Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR WORKING APPARATUS FOR HOISTING
AND PRESSING," a communication to me from abroad by Dennis Frisbee, of
the City and County of New Haven, State of Connecticut, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Thomas
Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the mechanism for operating a
windlass for the purpose of hoisting, or for any purpose where a similar power
is required, and consists, first, in actuating a pawl to move a ratchet wheel,
rack, or like purpose through the direct application of an eccentric to the
pawl.
Second, in the combination of two pawls acting alternately upon a ratchet,

page_text: so that a stop dog is not required, one of the pawls retreating to catch a tooth,
while the other advances.
And, third, in a mechanism for operating the pawls, so as to reverse the
action of the apparatus.
To enable others to construct and use this Invention I will proceed to
describe the same as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a side view; Fig. 2, a top view; Figs. 3, 4, and 5, Diagrams to
illustrate its operation; Fig. 6, a front view; Fig. 7, a side view; Fig. 8, a
top view; Fig. 9, a sectional side view, illustrating the operation of the press;
Fig. 10, a vertical central section; and Fig. 11, a cross section on line X, X,
looking down.
A is a frame, upon which in proper bearings C the cylinder D is hung so
as to revolve freely therein; upon one end of the said cylinder is fixed a
ratchet wheel E, upon the other end a bead F, as seen in Fig. 2; G is a
driving shaft supported in bearings H, and caused to revolve by the applica-
tion of power thereto in any convenient or known manner. Upon the said
shaft G I fix two eccentrics a, c, set opposite to each other, as more clearly
seen in Figs. 3 and 7, blue circle denoting one, and a red circle the other;
I and Lare two pauls, one end forming a strap around their respective
eccentrics a and c, the other formed so as to catch into a notch in the ratchet
wheel E. The throw of the eccentrics is here shown as equal to one tooth
upon the ratchet wheel, and the pawls are denoted by the red and blue lines
in Figs. 3 and 4 of equal length. Standing in the position as seen in Fig. 3,
the paw! L attached to the eccentric a has advanced to its extreme point
carrying the tooth 1, while the pawl I has retreated to its extreme point and
fallen into tooth 2; by a half revolution of the driving shaft the position of the
two pawls will be reversed, the pawl I advancing, while the pawl L retreats to
the position denoted in Fig. 4, moving the ratchet wheel forward, so that the
pawl L falls into the tooth 3, and prevents the return of the ratchet, and the
revolution of the shaft being continued the alternate advance and retreating
movement of the pawls will be performed, carrying the ratchet wheel forward
one tooth at each advance movement. If the throw of the eccentric be made
but half as great, one pawl should be half a tooth shorter than the other,
by which arrangement the pawls would each act upon every tooth, whereas
by the arrangement first described the pawls each act upon alternate teeth;
by the last arrangement the power would be proportionately increased, and by
reducing the throw of the eccentric the power is proportionately increased.
To release the ratchet from the action of the pawis, to allow it to return, I
place a lever N hung upon a fulcrum n beneath the pawls, so that by moving

page_text: the lever from the position in black to that denoted in red, Fig. 1, the two
pawls will be raised, as also denoted in red, sufficiently to release the wheel
and permit its return. P is a shaft supported and so as to revolve in
bearings R, to which power is applied from the shaft G by gear wheels S, S,
of equal size, so that the two shafts G and P revolve at an equal velocity. On
the said shaft P, and beneath the pawls; I fix two trips T, seen in Fig. 5, one
opposite to the other, and so that as the shaft revolves the two trips will act to
raise first one pawl, as denoted in Fig. 1, and then the other. The driving
shaft being revolved in opposite direction to that required to raise a weight
suspended to the cylinder, the ratchet wheel will retreat with each pawl, the
pawls being raised at the extreme point of their backward movement and
allowed to enter the wheel at their extreme forward movement; by this opera-
tion the ratchet wheel returns one tooth at a time, whereby the weight
suspended to the cylinder may be easily and gradually lowered. When running
in the forward direction, that is, so as to raise a weight, the retreating pawls
would by their own weight fall from each tooth with the usual click, which in
many places is objectionable. By the arrangement of the trips, which operato
upon the pawls the same whichever way they revolve, the pawls are lifted
from the ratchet and dropped lightly into the next tooth without noise. I have
represented the ratchet wheel as placed at one end of the cylinder, and broad
enough upon its face to allow the action of beth pawls, which I consider the
better plan for a "hoisting" apparatus; yet a second wheel may be placed at
the other end of the cylinder, and the two pawls arranged one to operate upon
each wheel, maintaining always the same relative position; or if still greater
power be required more pawls with their own eccentrics may be added, being
arranged so that the pawls would act at the proper time, that is, if four pawls
be employed their eccentrics should be set at quarters, if three at one-
third, and so on.
:
'
I have illustrated this Invention as for a common "hoisting apparatus." I
do not confine myself to this or for any particular purpose, as it is evident that
the same arrangement may be used in various places, as for capstans, derricks,
&c.; and the peculiar manner in which I operate the pawls is applicable to
many purposes.
One important application of this Invention is for the operation of a baling
press I show in Figs. 6 to 12, and which I will proceed to describe.
A is the bed plate; B', B', two sides placed upright on the bed A', and
with two other sides C, C, inclose the space D', within which the material
to be pressed is placed through doors E, E', see Figs. 6 and 7; the said doors
are hinged securely to one of the sides B', and as securely locked to the other

page_text: side; B', the top of the case, made sufficiently strong and secured to the sides.
so as to sustain the pressure required, as seen in Figs. 6 and 7, or other con-
venient manner, so that if necessary the top may be easily removed; G¹; the
follower, made equally strong and so as to closely fill the space D', the two ends.
formed so as to enter proper guideways at a', see Fig. 11; the said guide-
ways are filled above the follower by strips d', see Fig. 10, so that as the:
follower. rises the strips will also rise, and when the follower is dropped the
strips d' will drop with it, thus the guideways a' are always filled in. the two
sides; on the two sides and near the top I fix pullies I', as seen in Fig. 10,.
over which a chain or cord f passes down through chainways c formed in:
the two sides back of the guideways a', and secured to the follower G¹, or it
may be a single cord or chain passing under the follower, as seen in Fig. 10;.
from the pullies the said chain passes down to drums D and D, (one upon
either side); the said drums supported in proper bearings C are of a conical
form, with a spiral groove around their surface, into which the chain or cord:
is wound, beginning at the larger diameter and winding towards the smaller
diameter, so that the power of the press increases the more the material is
compressed. To the said drums I fix ratchet wheels E and E, by the turning
of which the chain will be wound upon. the two drums in. the manner.
described, and thus raise the follower G¹. The strips d' serve to cover the
chain to prevent its coming in contact with the material being pressed. I fix
a shaft G in proper bearings H, see Figs. 6 and 8, and on the said shaft G
I fix eccentrics a and c and pawls L and I to be operated thereby, as seen in
Fig. 9, so that as the said shaft. G revolves the eccentrics thereon will move
the pawls L and I as from the position in black to that denoted in red, see
Fig, 9. T, T, are stop dogs, which fall into the ratchet to hold the same.as
it is revolved by the action of the pawls. The two eccentrics are set upon the
shaft G opposite to each other, so that the pawls act upon their respective
ratchets alternately, thus raising the follower one end one notch, then the.
other end a notch, that is, as from the position denoted by the red line, Fig. 10,
to the position, denoted by the blue line, then from the position denoted by the
blue line up to the position denoted by the second red line, and so on. By:
thus operating the follower the whole power is applied alternately to each
end, the follower acting as a lever upon the material to be pressed, one end:
being held as a fulcrum, the other raised by the power, whereby the power of
the press is very much increased, if not quite doubled. To lower the follower.
after it has been thus, raised I extend the stop dogs T out so as to form
levers U, see Fig. 9, so that by pressing down the said lovers U to the position
denoted in blue the stop. dogs will strike the pawls and raise them from the

page_text: wheels, as also denoted in blue, Fig. 9; this will allow the follower with the
strips d¹ to fall, unwinding the chain in their descent from the drums D and
D. The said levers U are held up to the position in black by springs h¹ or
their equivalents.
- To use this improved press open one or both of the doors E¹, and place
within the case upon the follower the material to be pressed; then secure the
doors, and raise the followers by the application of power to the shaft G
through the hand or otherwise until the material is fully pressed. The
quantity to be pressed should be only so much as will allow the follower to
rise fully up to the bottom of the doors E¹. When thus pressed open the
doors pass cords, or their equivalent, through the grooves g in the top and in
the follower, and bind the bale in the usual manner. In order to draw the
cords which bind the bale tightly around the bale I place upon the shaft G
a'sleeve W, which is "splined" to the said shaft so as to move freely from
side to side, and yet turn with the shaft. To the said sleeve I fix a hook n,
see Fig: 12. When the bale is compressed and the doors opened pass the
cord around the bale, securing one end to the cord by a slip-knot in the usual
manner; then fix the other end of the cord to the hook n, and turn the shaft
as before, first throwing out the pawls as denoted in broken lines Fig. 9, this
will wind up the cord to the required tightness; then permanently secure the
cord, slide the sleeve W along the shaft G to the next position, and secure
that cord in like manner. By this arrangement much bard labour and time:
is saved. When the bale is fully secured release the follower, so that the
bale may be removed from the press; when this is done drop the follower for
the second operation.
Having therefore thus fully described these improvements, what I claim as
new and useful, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,
First, the combination of a pawl and eccentric constructed and arranged to
operate substantially as herein set forth.
Second, the combination of two or more pawls constructed and arranged
so as to alternate in their action, substantially in the manner and for the
purpose herein set forth.
Third, combination of the trip T with the pawls arranged to operate sub-
stantially.as herein set forth.
Fourth, actuating the follower or platen of baling presses alternately at each
end, substantially as lierein set forth.
Fifth, the pawls L'and I alternately acting by their eccentrics upon their
respective ratchets E and E when combined with the follower or platen G¹, to
operate in the manner substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: Sixth, the combination of the hook with the operative parts of a baling
press, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Seventh, the combination of the conical cylinder D and D with the follower
or platen G¹, as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of August, in the year of
our Lord 1866.
E. T. HUGHES. (L.B.)