AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES SUITABLE FOR WATER AT HIGH PRESSURE, AND AS CONDUITS FOR SEWAGE PURPOSES, GAS, BRINE, AND OTHER SALINE LIQUORS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fottrell, of Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland,
Manager of a Public Company, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
COMPOSITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES SUITABLE FOR WATER
AT HIGH PRESSURE, AND AS CONDUITS FOR SEWAGE PURPOSES, GAS, BRINE,
AND OTHER SALINE LIQUORS."
Scaled the 13th March 1874, and dated the 20th September 1873.
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fottrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1873.
I, JOHN FOTTRELL, of Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland, Manager of a
Public Company, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES
SUITABLE FOR WATER AT HIGH PRESSURE, AND AS CONDUITS FOR SEWAGE PURPOSES,
AND OTHER SALINE LATADO "
CA ROTNT

page_text: artificial stone possessing all the qualities of hardness and durability
of the natural substance, such composition to be employed in the
construction of tubes for the conduit of water at high pressure, gas,
sewage, brine, and other saline liquors, or in the manufacture of useful
or ornamental forms by moulding or casting the same.
When greater density or special sharpness in the castings is desired
pressure is applied to the moulds.
The ingredients herein mentioned, and the proportions they bear to
one another, being an essential feature of the composition, I shall here
state as example the proportionate quantities requisite for making a
certain quantity of pipes :-
13 cwt. of finely powdered stone.
4 gallons of shale oil, or an equivalent having the same
boiling point, or from which the more volatile oils have
been distilled off.
2 cwt. of Trinidad bitumen.
2 cwt. of bituminous rock.
The object of the use of the shale oil is to enable the bitumen to
penetrate the stone and unite the natural bituminous rock with the
bituminous stone.
The whole is intimately mixed and kept well stirred whilst boiling
till it comes to a certain consistency dependent on the purposes to
which the substance is to be employed; it is then run into moulds
previously prepared to give colour to the material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Fottrell in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th March 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FOTTRELL, of Dame Street, Dublin, Ireland, Manager of a Public Com-
pany, send greeting.

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Fottrell, Her special licence
that I, the said John Fottrell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Fottrell, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein.
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF PIPES AND TUBES SUITABLE FOR Water at HigH PRESSURE,
AND AS CONDUITS FOR SEWAGE PURPOSES, GAS, BRINE, AND OTHER SALINE LIQUORS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Fottrell, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fottrell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
This Invention consists in the manufacture (by fusion of the in-
gredients) of a homogeneous composition forming a concretion or
artificial stone possessing all the qualities of hardness and durability
of the natural substance; such composition to be employed in the
construction of tubes for the conduit of water at high pressure, gas,
sewage, brine, and other saline liquors, or in the manufacture of useful
or ornamental forms by moulding or casting the same.
When greater density or special sharpness in the castings is desired
pressure is applied to the moulds.
The tubing manufactured by this process bears with complete success
the physical and chemical tests to which it has been subjected.
-The composition chiefly employed is hard, tough, and enduring at
ordinary temperatures. The tubes prepared from it admit of being
joined more easily and securely than those either of iron or carthenware

page_text: are, and are neither liable to oxidation, nor to be injuriously affected
by the soils in which they may be laid.
By varying the composition of the material, and altering the inner
surfaces of the pipes in the manner described by Letters Patent granted
to me on the Seventh day of January 1874, under the No. 77, they
are rendered chemically suitable to the purposes therein mentioned.
This power of adaptation does not interfere with the mechanical qualities
of the tubes, and is of much practical importance.
The ordinary tubes, as herein described, are chemically well suited
for the conveyance of potable water, saline, or non-corrosive liquids,
such as sea water, or drainage from land.
The material is also well adapted to the manufacture of large tanks,
or cisterns, and troughs for employment in agricultural purposes, and
for the storage of most saline liquids, and for the construction of
the cold lixivating vats required in many extensive chemical operations.
Having regard to the excellent chemical and physical qualities which
the varieties of the material possess, and in conjunction with the low
price the several kinds of tubing can be profitably produced, the In-
vention is one of much importance, and consequently of high com-
mercial value.
The tubes formed of the material are of great value for many chemical
purposes to which iron is wholly inapplicable, and for which ordinary
earthenware is found unsuitable, and the ease and certainty with which
secure joints can be made render the pipes of great utility as street
mains, and other like purposes.
The ingredients herein mentioned would naturally vary in magnitude
in accordance with the quantity of tubing to be manufactured. Good
results having been obtained by the use of the component parts of
the composition in the proportions cited, and the tubing having suc-
cessfully withstood the tests to which it was subjected, have incon-
testably proved its adaptability to the several purposes in which it is
intended to be employed.
Having now mentioned the objects of the Invention, I shall here
state as example the proportionate quantities requisite for making a
certain quantity of pipes; for instance, these quantites will produce
at a cost of twenty-two shillings 8 tubes of such a diameter an

page_text: length as if of iron of the same strength would amount to £11 4 0,
thus showing a great economy in manufacture.
13 cwt. of finely powdered stone or sand.
4 gallons of shale oil, or an equivalent having the same
boiling point, or from which the more volatile oils have
been distilled off.
2 cwt. of Trinidad bitumen.
2 cwt. of bituminous rock.
The object of the use of the shale oil is to enable the bitumen to
penetrate the stone and unite and blend the natural bituminous rock
with the bituminous stone.
'to
The whole is intimately mixed and kept well stirred whilst boiling
till it comes to a certain consistency dependent on the purposes
which the substance is to be employed; it is then run into moulds
previously prepared to give colour to the material.
The various uses to which the composition may be adapted are
multifarious, amongst others and in addition to those already enumerated
it is admirably suited for the manufacture of insulators, and for all
insulating purposes in all kinds of telegraphic constructions, for which
I claim the exclusive privilege as well for constructing columns, pillars,
capitals, pedestals, bases, and other useful or ornamental purposes or
objects.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fottrell, have hereunto set
Witnesses,
M. DUNN,
A. C. HENDERSON,
Patent Agent,
6, Southampton Buildings,
Holborn,
W. C.
JOHN FOTTRELL. (L.S.)