IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Ward, John Ward, and William Ward, the younger,
all of Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 16th August 1878, and dated the 28th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Ward, John Ward,
and William Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of. Patents on the 28th
February 1878.
HENRY WARD, JOHN WARD, and WILLIAM WARD, the younger, all of Leeds, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus employed in the manufacture
of tiles and other forms, and is constructed in a similar manner to the machinery
or apparatus for which Letters Patent were granted to us entitled " "Improvements
in Brick-making Machinery," dated 8th July 1875, No. 2455, and 2nd December
1876, No. 4674.
Firstly. Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for forming bars of
plastic clay or other dry or semi-plastic or plastic material, and in cutting the same
to lengths preparatory to the moulding operation.
Between suitable framework we mount one or more flanged drums of any suitable
width between the flanges to suit the tile or other form to be moulded. Above
each drum, and of such a width as to fit between the flanges, we provide a pressing
roller, which is mounted in bearings adjustable in a vertical direction on the frame-
work; this adjustment is for regulating the quantity of clay preparatory to its
being deposited in the mould, whereby the size of the tile or other form may be
regulated. To the drums and pressing rollers is imparted an intermittent rotary
motion through a ratchet wheel and pawl or their equivalents actuated by means of
a crank, eccentric, or their equivalents. This intermittent rotary motion is made
Dries 1

page_text: adjustable, so that any convenient length of bar clay may be formed to suit the
Bize of the mould on the machine.
The bar of clay passes from between the rollers on to a table, where it is cut to
length by a knife actuated by the tile machine, or by the aforesaid bar-forming
apparatus; after being cut off it is conducted to the mould and deposited therein
by the ordinary means employed for dry and semi-plastic clay.
The plastic clay is fed through a hopper to the bar-forming apparatus or machine,
and, when required, a worm or other ordinary means may be applied within the
hopper for forcing the clay between the rollers and drums.
Secondly. Our Invention further relates to the means or apparatus employed for
moulding and pressing the tiles or other forms, and may be employed separately
or in combination with the herein-before mentioned machine. When used in
combination the two machines are so placed with regard to each other that rolled
bars may pass from the herein-before mentioned machine to be cut to length, and
thence to the pressing machine, which is constructed as hereafter described.
Between suitable framework we provide a table, over which are fixed one or more
cylinders; in each cylinder is fitted, so as to slide freely, rammers or pressers in a
similar manner to those used in hydraulic cylinders. At the end of each rammer
or presser is arranged a suitable form for pressing the tiles or other forms.
In the table is provided under each rammer or presser a mould of suitable form,
into which the material required for the formation of the tile or other form is
deposited.
On the herein-before mentioned table is provided a box or measure, in which the
clay or other dry, plastic, or other semi-plastic material is first passed from a hopper
of ordinary construction (when the herein-before mentioned bar-forming apparatus
is not employed;) by this arrangement the amount of clay or other dry, plastic, or
semi-plastic material can be regulated according to the size of the tile or other form
required. Whilst the box or measure is being filled the tile or other form is being
pressed in each mould.
An intermittent reciprocating motion is imparted to the box or measure by a cam
motion or other equivalent means.
Within each mould in the table is provided another plunger which is employed
for forcing the tile or other form out of the mould. The required motion is given
to these plungers from cams, eccentrics, or other equivalent means. A crank is
provided on the driving wheel, which is made adjustable, so that its position may
be altered with regard to the cam employed for giving the motion to the lower
plunger; and also by preference we apply to the machine double-connecting rods
which are so made that they may be adjusted with regard to their length. A
connection is formed by this means between the top pressers and lower plungers.
The above adjustment is necessary for the various thicknesses of tiles and other
forms.
In order to prevent breakage of the machine we by preference fill the space above
the upper rammer or presser within the cylinder with water or other equivalent
fluid, and in a convenient position on each cylinder is provided a safety valve on
which are used weights in preference to springs. When any undue pressure is put
on the rammer or presser the fluid contained in the space in the cylinder opens the
safety valve and is allowed to run out; by so doing the pressure is taken off the
rammer or presser, which is allowed to move back into the space originally occupied
by the fluid.
Above each upper rammer or presser cylinder may be provided, when required,
other sets of moulding apparatus arranged in the same manner as herein-before
described. By this arrangement the upper and lower sets of moulding apparatus
may be driven from the same gearing, and so arranged that as the lower apparatus
is pressing and forming the tile or other form the formed tile or other form is being.
removed from the mould in the upper apparatus.
We provide in some cases index plates and pointers attached to the machines in

page_text: order that they (the machines) may be adjusted to a nicety for the different thick-
nesses of tiles or other forms.
In some cases, when required, instead of moving the box or measure containing
the clay or other dry, plastic, or semi-plastic material to be pressed by means of a
crank, cam, or its equivalent, we employ a steam cylinder and piston provided with
a connecting rod which we attach to the box or measure. By the admission of
steam into the cylinder on one side or the other of the piston the box or measure
may be moved backwards and forwards in the same manner as when the cam,
crank, or its equivalent are employed.
When preferred, instead of using fluid a dead weight on the rammer or presser
may be employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Ward, John Ward, and William Ward in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th August 1878.
HENRY WARD, JOHN WARD, and WILLIAM WARD, the younger, all of Leeds, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TILES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus employed in the manufacture
of tiles and other forms, and is constructed in a similar manner to the machinery
or apparatus for which Letters Patent were granted to us entitled "Improvements
in Brick-making Machinery," dated 8th July 1875, No. 2455, and 2nd December
1876, No. 4674.
Firstly. Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for forming bars of
plastic clay or other dry or semi-plastic or plastic material, and in cutting the same
to lengths preparatory to the moulding operation.
Between suitable framework we mount one or more flanged drums of any suitable
width between the flanges to suit the tile or other form to be moulded. Above
each drum, and of such a width as to fit between the flanges, we provide a pressing
roller, which is mounted in bearings adjustable in a vertical direction on the frame-
work; this adjustment is for regulating the quantity of clay preparatory to its
being deposited in the mould, whereby the size of the tile or other form may be
regulated. To the drums and pressing rollers is imparted an intermittent rotary
motion through a ratchet wheel and pawl or their equivalents actuated by means of
a crank, excentric, or their equivalents. This intermittent rotary motion is made
adjustable, so that any convenient length of bar clay may be formed to suit the
size of the mould on the machine.
The bar of clay passes from between the rollers on to a table, where it is cut to
length by a knife actuated by the tile machine or by the aforesaid bar-forming
apparatus; after being cut off it is conducted to the mould and deposited therein
by the ordinary means employed for dry and semi-plastic clay.

page_text: The plastic clay is fed through a hopper to the bar-forming apparatus or machine,
and, when required, a worm or other ordinary means may be applied within the
hopper for forcing the clay between the rollers and drums.
Secondly. Our Invention further relates to the means or apparatus employed for
moulding and pressing the tiles or other forms, and may be employed separately
or in combination with the herein-before mentioned machine. When used in
combination the two machines are so placed with regard to each other that rolled
bars may pass from the herein-before mentioned machine to be cut to length, and
thence to the pressing machine, which is constructed as hereafter described.
Between suitable framework we provide a table, over which are fixed one or more
cylinders; in each cylinder is fitted, so as to slide freely, rammers or pressers in a
similar manner to those used in hydraulic cylinders. At the end of each rammer
or presser is arranged a suitable form for pressing the tiles or other forms.
In the table is provided under each rammer or presser a mould of suitable form,
into which the material required for the formation of the tile or other form is
deposited.
On the herein-before mentioned table is provided a box or measure, in which the
clay or other dry, plastic, or other semi-plastic material is first passed froin a hopper
of ordinary construction (when the herein-before mentioned bar-forming apparatus
is not employed); by this arrangement the amount of clay or other dry, plastic, or
semi-plastic material can be regulated according to the size of the tile or other form
required. Whilst the box or measure is being filled the tile or other form is being
pressed in each mould.
An intermittent reciprocating motion is imparted to the box or measure by a cam
motion or other equivalent means.
Within each mould in the table is provided another plunger which is employed
for forcing the tile or other form out of the mould. The required motion is given
to these plungers from cams, eccentrics, or other equivalent means. A crank is
provided on the driving wheel, which is made adjustable, so that its position may
be altered with regard to the cam employed for giving the motion to the lower
plunger; and also by preference we apply to the machine double connecting rods
which are so made that they may be adjusted with regard to their length. A
connection is formed by this means between the top pressers and lower plungers.
The above adjustment is necessary for the various thicknesses of tiles and other
forms.
In order to prevent leakage of the machine we by preference fill the space above
the upper rammer or presser within the cylinder with water or other equivalent
fluid, and in a convenient position on each cylinder is provided a safety valve on
which are used weights in preference to springs. When any undue pressure is put
on the rammer or presser the fluid contained in the space in the cylinder opens the
safety valve and is allowed to run out; by so doing the pressure is taken off the
rainmer or presser, which is allowed to move back into the space originally occupied
by the fluid.
Above each upper rammer or presser cylinder may be provided, when required,
other sets of moulding apparatus arranged in the same manner as herein-before
described. By this arrangement the upper and lower sets of moulding apparatus
may be driven from the same gearing, and so arranged that as the lower apparatus
is pressing and forming the tile or other form the formed tile or other form is being
removed from the mould in the upper apparatus.
We provide in some cases index plates and pointers attached to the machine in
order that they (the machines) may be adjusted to a nicety for the different thick-
nesses of tiles or other forms.
In some cases, when required, instead of moving the box or measure containing
the clay or other dry, plastic, or semi-plastic material to be pressed by means of a
crank, cam, or its equivalent, we employ a steam cylinder and piston provided with
a connecting rod which we attach to the box or measure. By the admission of
steam into the cylinder on one side or the other of the piston the box or measure

page_text: -may be moved backwards and forwards in the same manner as when the cam,
crank, or its equivalent are employed.
When preferred, instead of using fluid, a dead weight on the rammer or presser
may be employed.
And in order that our Invention may be more completely understood, reference
is given to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings and to the letters and marks
thereon.
Figure 1 represents a side and front elevation of the combined bar-forming and
moulding apparatus.
Figure 2, a front elevation of that part of the machine for forming the bars.
Figure 3, a side elevation of the moulding apparatus.
We will now proceed to describe the bar-forming apparatus.
a is the framework, between which is mounted one or more flanged drums b,
keyed or otherwise fastened on the shaft c, carried in the bearings d on the frame-
work a.
Above each drum b is a pressing roller c of such a width as to fit between
the flanges of the drum or drums b; this pressing roller e is mounted on the
shaft g carried in adjustable bearings h provided with the carriage i. The adjust-
inent is effected by the screws j working into the nuts / provided on the carriages i.
The screws may be caused, when required, to rotate simultaneously right or left
by means of the bevel gearing 7 actuated by the attendant through the shaft m.
By this movement right or left the nuts k are caused to rise or lower, and with
them the pressing roller e, for the purpose of adjusting or regulating the quantity of
clay or other material preparatory to being deposited in the mould. The means
employed for imparting motion from the moulding machine to the bar-forming
apparatus will be hereafter described.
The bar clay passes from between the rollers 6 and e on to the table n, where it
is cut to length by the knife o, Figure 3. p, Figure 1, is the hopper into which the
clay is first thrown, and from which it is fed to the bar-forming apparatus. The
flanged roller band pressing roller e are caused to rotate by means of the spur
wheels g.
We will now describe the moulding apparatus.
Between suitable framework r we provide a table s, over which are mounted one
or more cylinders t which are placed side by side, in each of which is fitted, so as to
slide freely, the pressers or rammers u in a similar manner to those used in hydraulic
cylinders. At the end of each rammer or presser u is arranged a suitable form v
for pressing the tile or other form, which is provided with a cavity w into which
steam or hot water may be passed by means of suitable flexible tubes x, as in the
ordinary tile-making machines. As shewn here, there is only one cylinder t with
ram u.
In the table 8 and under each rammer or presser u is provided a mould y of
suitable form, into which the material required for the formation of the tile or other
form is deposited.
Within each mould y is provided a plunger 1 which is employed for forcing the
tile or other form out of the mould y. Each plunger 1 is provided with a cavity 2
for the reception of steam or hot water for the lubrication of the mould. To carry
out this object we provide the tubes 3 and 3', one for conveying, the steam into the
cavity or recess 2, and the other as an outlet for the steam or water from the
cavity or recess 2. The required motion is given to the plunger 1 by means of the
cam 4, rotary motion being imparted thereto through suitable gearing and driving
pullys 5.
In order to regulate the thickness of the tile or other form we provide the
wedge 6 between the cam 4 and the plunger 1, which wedge is actuated by means
of the screw 7 and hand wheel 8. It will be readily understood that as the wedge 6
is withdrawn the plunger 1 will drop, causing greater space to be left in the mould y
at q, and vice versa.
In order to prevent breakage of the machine we fill the space in the cylinder t
above the upper rammer u with water or other equivalent fluid; this water may be

page_text: forced therein by means of a hydraulic pump of ordinary construction and shewn
at q¹. To prevent undue pressure being put upon the machine, we provide the
safety valve 10, which is of ordinary construction and in communication with the
cylinder t; this valve is caused to lift when any undue pressure takes place, and
allows the fluid to pass from the cylinder; by so doing the pressure is taken off the t
rammer or pressure u, which is allowed to move back into the space originally
occupied by the fluid.
Above each rammer or presser cylinder t may be provided other sets of moulding
apparatus which are of a similar construction to the herein-before described.
In order to give motion to the cylinder t for the purpose of pressing and forming 1
the tile we provide the crank 11, from which motion is transmitted to the cylinder t
(containing the rammer or presser u) by means of the double adjustable connecting
rods 12 and cross heads 13.
From the driving wheel 5 of the moulding machine is imparted a rotary inter-
mittent motion to each flanged roller b by means of the ratchet wheel 14 through 1
pawl 15, lever 16, rod 17, coupling 18, and crank pin 19, which is attached to the
driving wheel 5 by ordinary means. When required, this rotary intermittent
motion may be made adjustable, so that any convenient length of bar clay may be
formed to suit the size of the mould.
The bar clay passes between the rollers band e on to the table n, where it is cut 2
to length by a knife o actuated by the moulding machine or by the aforesaid bar-
forming apparatus; it is afterwards deposited by ordinary means in the moulds.
p is the hopper into which the clay or other material is first thrown, and from
which it is fed to the bar-forming apparatus.
We are fully aware that the plungers and rammers or pressers actuated by cranks, 2
cams, or other equivalents have been used on other machines; but we claim,―
First. For forming the bar clay or other plastic material, the combination of
flanged side drums and adjustable upper pressing roller, all arranged and actuated
substantially as set forth.
Second. The arrangement and application of the cylinder t with its safety &
valve 10 for preventing breakage of the machinery, substantially as herein set
forth.
Third. For moulding the clay or other plastic material, the construction and
mode of operation of the mould and parts operating therewith, substantially as
set forth.
Fourth. The general arrangement of the aforesaid parts in one machine, substan-
tially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Ward, for myself and on behalf of the
said John Ward and William Ward, the younger, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord One 4
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
HENRY WARD. (L.B.)