IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES OR TUBES OF GLASS OR OTHER VITREOUS MATTER
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Timmins Chance, of Birmingham, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES OR TUBES OF
GLASS OR OTHER VITREOUS MATTER."
Sealed the 17th April 1855, and dated the 3rd February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Timmins Chance at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1855.
I, JAMES TIMMINS CHANCE, of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES OR TUBES OF
GLASS OR OTHER VITREOUS MATTER " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of forming tubes of glass or other vitreous matter
by bending sheets or fillets of glass over mandrils, or otherwise, so that the
edges may overlap or come together, and be welded by pressure.

page_text: 1
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Timmins Chance in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd August 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TIMMINS CHANCE, of Birmingham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five,. in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and. grant unto me, the
said James Timmins Chance, Her special licence that I, the said James
Timmins Chance, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said James Timmins Chance, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter.during-the-term-therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend. within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES OR TUBES. OF GLASS OR
OTHER VITREOUS MATTER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Timmins Chance, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Timmins Chance, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in' what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):-
'
This Invention consists of forming tubes of glass or other vitreous matter
by bending sheets or fillets of glass over mandrils, or otherwise, so that the
edges may overlap or come together, and be..welded by pressure.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
5
"
"
Figure 1 and Figure 2 show the two end views of a frame or stand sustain-

page_text: rolled or pressed(when, brought to.ȧ semi-fluid or, plastic state by heat) into
the form of sheets, and of, then beingcbent into pipes or tubes, in, like manner
to glass. Figure 3 is a plan of the stand and the mould, shewn, as open.
Figure 4 shows a sides elevation, of the, stand, and mould, the mould being
shewn as closed; Figure 5 shows a plan- of Figure 4; and Figure 6 shows
two views of the mandril employed. It is preferred that the, moulds used in
carrying out my Invention should be each composed of three, parts, hinged
or connected together; but this is not essential, and may therefore be varied.
a, a'; a², are the three parts of the mould, hinged or connected together at a³.
The part a is fixed to the stand or frame.b. At one end of the mould there
are fixed cutting flanges at, so that when the mould is closed, the mandril,
being within the glass or vitreous matter, will be cut true at the end b. (in
Figure 6) by the flanches passing through the glass to the mandril. The two
moveable parts a², a², of the mould have handles c, c, fixed thereto, by which
the mould is closed; m is the mandril, which I prefer to be of sheet metal.
This mandril has a handle m³, and a lever handle m². The object of the
bandle m' is to facilitate the turning of the tube within the mould; and also
the turning of the mandril within the hot tube or pipe of vitreous matter, as
is herein-after explained. The handle m² is for holding or pressing the tube
upon the mandril, in order to turn the tube, together with its mandril, within
the mould.. In working with the apparatus above described, a sheet of glass
or similar vitreous matter having been rolled to the required thickness and
width, as in the mode of casting or rolling plates of glass, and somewhat
longer than the intended pipe or tube, it is to be immediately placed or drawn
correctly on the open mould in the direction of B to A, Figure 3; the mandril
is to be placed thereon so that the end 6 (Figure 6) comes to B, Figure 3,
and so that the mandril lies over the fixed part A, B, of the mould, and the
two moveable parts a¹, a², of the mould are to be closed, by which the sheet of
glass or vitreous matter (whilst still hot and kept plastic by heat) will be bent
over the mandril, and the two edges will be caused to meet; or they may be
caused slightly to overlap, and in this condition the edges may be pressed
against each other and joined more or less perfectly, depending on the extent
of pressure of the two edges against each other whilst plastic, and the tube is
made to turn to a certain extent within the mould to render this junction or
overlapping of the edges more perfect, this being assisted by means of the
handle m², by which the tube can be made to move with the mandril. The
mould is then opened, and to prevent the tube or pipe becoming set on
the mandril, the mandril itself is to be turned round by the handle m¹ within

page_text: the tube, and when the glass is sufficiently cooled to support itself in its proper
shape, the mandril should be removed, and the tube or pipe transferred into an
annealing furnace.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
bending of sheets of glass or like vitreous matter whilst still hot and plastic
into tubes or pipes in moulds, in the manner above described..
In witness whereof, I, the said James Timmins Chance, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our.
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
JAMES T. CHANCE. (L.B.)
Witness,
SAMUEL BARNES,
Cashier to Wm. Chance, Son, & Co.,
Birmingham.