IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OIL AND SPIRIT VARNISHES, AND ALSO DRYING OILS AND TURPENTINE, IN ORDER TO BLEACH AND OTHERWISE IMPROVE THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Freeman, Edward Grace Freeman, and
Charles Henry Freeman, all of Bridge Road, Battersea, in the County
of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OIL AND
SPIRIT VARNISHES, AND ALSO DRYING OILS AND TURPENTINE, IN ORDER TO
BLEACH AND OTHERWISE IMPROVE THE SAME."
Sealed the 8th November 1864, and dated the 19th May 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Freeman, Edward
Grace Freeman, and Charles Henry Freeman, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th May 1864.
We, JOSEPH FREEMAN, EDWARD GRACE FREEMAN, and CHARLES HENRY
FREEMAN, all of Bridge Road, Battersea, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OIL AND
SPIRIT VARNISHES, AND ALSO DRYING OILS AND TURPENTINE, IN ORDER TO BLEACH
AND OTHERWISE IMPROVE THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating oil and spirit
varnishes, and also drying oils and turpentine, in order to bleach and other-
wise improve the same. In order to improve the color and quality of oil
varnishes, which consist principally of gums dissolved in drying oils, we place
them in a close vessel, which we partially fill with the varnish; and the
remaining space we fill entirely with oxygen gas, and then by rotating the
vessel we agitate the varnish with the gas; or by other means varnish may be
brought into intimate contact with pure or nearly pure oxygen gas.. Before

page_text: treating the varnish in this manner, it should be allowed to get perfectly clear
and fine by standing for two or three months, until the driers used in making
the varnish are entirely deposited. In this manner the color of the varnish
is in part discharged, and its quality is in other respects improved. Spirit
varnish, and also linseed oil, boiled linseed oil, and other drying oils and
turpentine, may be similarly bleached and improved in quality.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Freeman, Edward Grace Freeman, and Charles
Henry Freeman, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th November
1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
FREEMAN, EDWARD GRACE FREEMAN, and CHARLES HENRY FREEMAN, all of
Bridge Road, Battersea, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Iler
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Joseph Freeman, Edward Grace Freeman, and Charles Henry Freeman,
Her special licence that we, the said Joseph Freeman, Edward Grace
Freeman, and Charles Henry Freeman, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Freeman, Edward Grace
Freeman, and Charles Henry Freeman, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OIL AND SPIRIT VARNISHES, AND ALSO DRYING OILS
AND TURPENTINE IN ORDER TO BLEACH AND OTHERWISE IMPROVE THE SAME," upon
the condition (amongst others) that, we, the said Joseph Freeman, Edward
Grace Freeman, and Charles Henry Freeman, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Freeman, Edward Grace
Freeman, and Charles Henry Freeman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating oil and spirit
varnishes, and also drying oils and turpentine, in order to bleach and other-
wise improve the same. In order to improve the color and quality of oil
varnishes, which consist principally of gums dissolved in drying oils, we place
them in a close vessel, which we partially fill with the varnish, and the
remaining space in the vessel we fill entirely with oxygen gas, and then by
rotating the vessel we agitate the varnish with the gas, or by other means
varnish may be brought into intimate contact with pure or nearly pure
oxygen gas. Before treating the varnish in this manner, it should be allowed
to get perfectly clear and fine by standing for two or three months, until the
driers used in making the varnish are entirely deposited. In this manner
the color of the varnish is in part discharged, and its quality is in other respects
improved. Spirit varnish, and also linseed oil, boiled linseed oil, and other
drying oils and turpentine, may be similarly bleached and improved in quality.
By preference a cylindrical vessel on axes is used, into which the material is
to be introduced, and the vessel is to be closed air-tight. The atmospheric
air is to be removed by air pump or otherwise, and the remainder of the space
filled with oxygen gas. The vessel or the material therein is to be agitated
till the oxygen gas is absorbed, when a further quantity of gas is to be
introduced, till the degree of colour desired has been obtained, or the material
will no longer absorb the gas. Other forms of vessels may be used.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Freeman, Edward Grace
Freeman, and Charles Henry Freeman, have hereunto set our hands
and seals, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOSEPH FREEMAN.
(L.S.)
EDWARD GRACE FREEMAN. (L.S.)
C. H. FREEMAN.
(L.S.)