Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling, Concentrating, Evaporating, and Graduating Liquids.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1897-Accepted, 22nd May, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling, Concentrating, Evaporating,
and Graduating Liquids.
I, JOHANN KLEIN of the Maschinen und Armaturfabrik formerly Klein, Schanzlin
and Becker of Frankenthal, in the German Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
--
This invention relates to that type of apparatus for cooling, concentrating,
evaporating and graduating liquids, in which the liquid to be treated is caused to
descend through or over successive layers or bundles of brushwood or the like and
which apparatus is sometimes known by the name of "Thornhouse."
In such apparatus as at present generally constructed and arranged, all the bundles
or layers of brushwood are usually of the same length. In consequence of this
arrangement, a greater proportion of the still hot liquid drips from the ends of the
upper bundles or layers, direct into the receiver at the bottom, without coming into
contact with the lower layers or bundles. The liquid in the receiver is consequently
not so cool or concentrated as it might otherwise be.
I will describe my present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which:
:-
Figure 1 shows a sectional front elevation and Figure 2 a side sectional
elevation.
It will be seen by reference to Figure 2, that the bundles or fagots of brushwood B,
are of unequal lengths, and that they are so arranged as to have greater lengths
from the top downwards, but three or four contiguous layers may have equal lengths
as shown. The upper bundles being shorter, it will be obvious that the drip from
their ends will fall upon and be caught by the projecting ends of the lower bundles,
along which the liquid tends to distribute itself towards the middle. Thus the whole
of the liquid is caused to traverse the bundles, and except in the case of the lowest
bundles, none can fall from the ends direct into the receiver. This arrangement has
a further advantage since it enables the brushwood to be better utilised. Naturally
the branches and twigs have unequal lengths, and they can be sorted into sizes and
the shortest made up into the shortest fagots or layers and so on. Also, the pyramidal
shape gives greater stability. As represented by Figure 1, the several layers have
the bundles or fagots arranged therein so as to break pitch with those above, thus
producing a diagonal arrangement. By virtue of this arrangement none of the liquid
can drop far without being caught by one of the bundles, and there is less loss of
liquid in the event of high winds occurring. To ensure the diagonal arrangement,
the supporting rods A are arranged as in trellis work as shown by Figure 1 instead
of closely parallel as hitherto. This gives a far greater freedom for air circulation,
and at the same time enables a smaller apparatus to dispose of a greater quantity of
fluid satisfactorily in a given time. As the liquid drops from the lowest bundles it
falls into the receiving tank T or upon slopes leading thereto as shown by the
figures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In cooling concentrating avanerating and graduating apparatus for liquids of the

page_text: type set forth, constructing the bundles or layers of brushwood or the like with
increasing lengths from the top downwards and arranging the bundles or fagots
diagonally, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.