Year: 1897

page_text: I JOSEPH DESMAROUX, of 135 Rue d'Alesia, Paris France, Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascerttined in and by the following
statement:
My Invention relates to sterilizing apparatus, whereby water perfectly pure,
cool, free from noxious germs and retaining all its properties as regards flavor,
content of salt and of oxygen, may be obtained.
The apparatus comprises:-
1
1. A heater wherein the water to be purified is maintained at the sterilizing
temperature.
2. One or more temperature exchangers wherein the water becomes slowly and
progressively heated and cooled in closed chembers so that by simple exchange
of heat, water sterilised, cooled, and immediately available for use is obtainable."
3. A temperature regulator whereby absolute sterilisation is ensured.
4. Two'How regulators placed one at the inlet to automatically maintain a con-
stant pressure of supply and the other at the outlet to maintain throughout the
apparatus a resistance opposed to the pressure of the steam generated in the heater.
In order that the Invention may be readily understood I have illustrated it in
the accompanying drawings forming part of this Specification wherein
Figure 1 is a general elevation of the apparatus and Figure 2 is a plan of the
same.
Figure 3 is a detail view of the heater and Figure 4 is a horizontal section
thereof on line 1-2 Figure 3, shewing in plan view the lowermost element of this
part of the apparatus.
Figure 5 is a part sectional elevation of the regenerator, and Figure 6 is a hori-
zontal section thereof on line 3-4 Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a vertical section of the temperature regulator.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of the inlet flow regulator.
Figure 9 is a vertical section of the outlet flow regulator.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures.
The sterilizer is located within an internally fired boiler and consists of a number
of annular chambers a superposed and interchangeably connected by an ammular
flange b on the one fitting in a correspondingly grooved seat on the other, the
chambers being separated from each other so that a large surface is exposed to
the Steam in the boiler, a perfect utilisation of the heat is ensured, and the
mounting dismounting and cleaning of the apparatus may be easily effected.

page_text: Each annular chamber a has an internal division c by which the water is cause
to circulate throughout the annulus before passing to the chamber above, so tha
the water entering at d must circulate through the whole of the chambers befor
passing out of the outlet e.
Between the chambers a are springs a to impart elasticity and to ensure tight
ness of the joints b, the chambers are assembled and held together by tie rods a².
The sterilizer is contained within a vertical boiler f having a central uptake
and provided with a feed pump, gauges and other usual accessories.
A temperature regulator y only permits the entry of water to the first regenerato
provided the temperature has been raised to the required degree in the sterilizer
This temperature regulator consists of a chamber h in communication with the
boiler and containing a tube i pleated so as to be longitudinally collapsible con
tained in a tube / filled with a good heat conducting liquid such as petroleum fo
instance. To the lower end of the pleated tube i is attached a roid adapted to lif
the water supply valve k so that when the temperature rises in the boiler the
expansion of the liquid contained in the tune collapses the tube i and causes the
rod to hold the valve kopen, the contrary movement taking place when the
temperature falls so that by the closure of the valve k the circulation of water
through the steriliser is automatically arrested, the regulator being so adjusted
that the supply of water can only take place when the liquid undergoing sterilisa-
tion is at the proper temperature whereby perfect sterilisation is ensured.
The sterilising apparatus is preceded by one or more temperature exchangers or
regenerators (two for instance as shown in the diawing) each composed of two
sheet metal plates m n spirally coiled with an intervening space of about a quarter
of an inch, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, held between top and bottom covers
faced with plastic material p, as shown in Figure 5, the material p being com-
posed for instance of india-rubber, cement, and linseed oil, so that when the
apparatus is raised to a certain temperature the edges of the spiral plates become
embedded and perfectly tight joints are ensured.
In the spaces rs between these spirally coiled metal plates mn the cold and hot
liquids circulate in opposite directions, to and from the steriliser. These two
currents are contiguous throughout their course, the one current going from the
centre to the circumference and the other from the circumference to the centre,
so that each follows its course in a space between two spaces in which the circula-
tion is inverse in direction.
In passing through the first and then through the second of these apparatus a
perfect and gradual interchange of temperature is effected between the liquid to
be heated and the sterilised liquid, the effect being:-
(1) That the temperature of the sterilised liquid at the outflow is very nearly the
same as that which it had at the inflow.
(2) That the water to be sterilised is considerably heated before its entry into the
boiler so that very little fuel is required for heating the steriliser.
The inner and outer casings of each heat exchanger are formed with pockets to
which the pipes are connected whereby the regenerators are connected together
and to the steriliser. The outlet from the steriliser to the adjacent heat exchanger
may be provided with a registering thermometer in order to enable its proper
working to be supervised.
The boiler containing the steriliser and the two heat exchangers may be mounted
upon a fixed base or as shown upon a small carriage.
In order to ensure that the liquid shall remain in the apparatus the exact time
necessary to effect perfect sterilisation, the two regulators shown in Figures S
and 9 are provided, one at the inflow and one at the outflow. Each consists of two
cylindrical body portions placed at right angles to each other and connected by
ports w w¹ and each containing a piston y z pressed by a spring 1, 2.
The upper cylinder has inflow and outflow pipe connections 3, 4, which com-
municate by passages 5, 6, with the interior of the lower cylinder r.
of the two regulators have each a channel 7 or 7' whereby communication
The pistons y
may be

page_text: established between 3 and 4, these channels being differently arranged in the two
regulators, so that when there is no pressure in the apparatus the channel of the
inlet regulator connects the passage 3, 4 so that the regulator is full open as in
Figure S, whereas in the outlet regulator the channel 71 is not opposite the
passage 3, 4 and no liquid can flow out of the apparatus. When the pressure
increases in the apparatus after the liquid has been subjected to the sterilising
operation for a certain time, the piston of the two regulators are forced outwards
so as to uncover the port win consequence of which the pistons y are forced out-
wards whereby in the inlet regulator the effective thoroughfare of channel 7 is
diminished and in the outlet regulator that of the channel 7' is increased.
As soon as the internal pressure of the apparatus falls, the pistons z are moved in
moved in turn by their springs so as to permit a greater inflow and a decreased outflow
the period to which the liquid is subjected to the sterilizing operation being the
longer the greater the strength of the springs 2 which may be regulated by a
screw 8.
In case the liquid to be sterilised is not perfectly limpid, a preliminary filter 9
is provided whereby all matters in suspension in the water are retained."
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The water from the main or from a pump is first clarified by the filter 9, then
passes through the inlet regulator A which reduces if necessary the excessive
supply, thence through the valve k of the temperature regulator, thence by pipe 10
to the first heat exchanger B where it gradually acquires the heat of the sterilized
water flowing in the opposite direction in the other passage. Thence the water
passes by pipe 11 to the second one C where it is still further heated gradually in
order that it may attain a temperature above 212° Fahrenheit before passing by
pipe 12 to the steriliser. It enters the lower chamber and in traversing the other
chambers of the series in succession it is heated to an extent sufficient to ensure
perfect sterilisation.
In order to render the sterilised water potable it must now be cooled gradually
and for this purpose it passes by tube 13 to the second heat exchanger C, thence
by pipe 14 to the first one B where it entirely gives up its heat, and then passes
out by the outlet regulator D which only permits its outflow provided that the
liquid in the boiler has attained a certain temperature and whereby the circulation
of the water is regulated by regulating the strength of the springs 2. The water
flowing out at 15 is conveyed wherever required.
The above described apparatus may be used for sterilizing all kinds of liquids
and it may be modified in form, dimensions, and accessories, and in the number
of regenerators employed, according to circumstances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that what
claim is:-
The herein described apparatus for sterilising water consisting in the com-
bination of:-
1. A heater consisting of a connected series of superposed annular chambers
each having an internal division whereby the water is forced to circulate through-
out each annulus before entering the one above, these chambers being contained
within a boiler with internal furnace and chimney.
2. One or more temperature exchangers wherein the water is heated and coole l
slowly and gradually by circulating in opposite directions between spirally coiled
metal sheets enclosed between top and bottom covers making tight joints therewith
as described.
3. A temperature regulator permitting the inflow of water only when the
steriliser has attained the required internal temperature.
4. An inflow regulator whereby to equalise the rate of supply and an outflow

page_text: regulator whereby to maintain a resistance opposing the steam pressure generated
in the steriliser all substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.
Dated this 23rd day of August 1897.
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.