IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER- PADING A HALÁT AMER CARRY
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Basil Ronald, Brassfounder, and John Farmer,
Engineer, both of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-
PADING A HALÁT
AMER CARRY"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Basil Ronald and
John Farmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 9th May 1873.
WC, BASIL RONALD, Brassfounder, and JOIN FARMER, Engineer,
both of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER WATER
CISTERNS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This said Invention has for its object a more perfect mode and means
of regulating any desired or fixed minimum quantity of water to water-
closets or other vessels than has heretofore been used, being also
improvements upon the Invention for which Royal Letters Patent
A

page_text: were granted to the petitioners, dated 11th January 1872, and num-
bered 89.
One improvement consists in fitting an additional or second float to
the lever of the ordinary inlet float valve, and which would be made
to work in a water chamber of its own, separate from the ordinary float
and its chamber, and made to act and shut the inlet valve (soon after
the discharge plug is lifted and the closet flushed, however long it may
be held up,) by the water rising in it to a level a few inches higher than
the normal level of the water in the closet, or basin, other float chamber
and plug pipe. When the inlet valve is opened in the usual way by
the lifting of the plug and the escape of the water in the closet and
falling of the lever and usual float, fresh water is admitted to the
chamber of the new float by a small forked branch, either with or
without a regulating tap on it, leading from the branch supplying the
basin or pan, so as to fill the former and shut the valve as soon as the
basin has been flushed, so that little or no more water can come in by
holding up the handle and plug until it is let down, when by a small
hole or duct leading from the lower part of the new float chamber into
any one of the said parts of the chamber below the said normal level
the valve again opens and fills the closet to this level, when the ordinary
float closes the valve as usual, leaving all ready for the next use and
flushing. The size of the forked pipe and chamber of the new closing
float would thus regulate the time and the quantity of water used to
flush the closet, and the size of its outlet hole or duct would mainly
regulate the time it would take to refill the closet ready for use and
flushing again. When the small outlet duct or pipe from the new float
chamber is led into the overflow plug or plug chamber, it could be
closed by the action of lifting the plug, as by a valve, or by having the
discharge end flexible and attaching it to a part of the handle or plug
lifted, so as to be raised above the high acting level required for the new
float in its cistern, and when led into the other float chamber or lower
part of the basin it could be made so small compared with the inlet
forked branch that it would not prevent the water from rising to shut
up the float and valve.
Another improvement consists in placing the supply valve and its
duplex float lever within a supply or flushing cistern with its two float
chambers, the new one connected by a small hole below, as before
explained, to the normal low acting level one, made of a size to contain

page_text: the minimum quantity of water it is desired to flush the basin with each
time, and placed at a convenient height above it, connected by a pipe
and cock or valve, either at the closet or the cistern, so as to be opened
and shut by a lever or wire by the raising and lowering of the handle
of the discharge plug respectively; the inlet valve would admit the
water to the new float chest, which, when filled to the high level would
shut it, and when the plug is let down, and the lower or outlet valve
closed, the two chambers would fill to the normal lower level by the
small hole, when the ordinary float would finally close the inlet valve
and leave the whole ready for the next use and flushing, all the
chambers of course being furnished with the usual safety overflow pipes,
and arrangements for ventilation when required.
Another improvement consists in effecting the said flushing of the
closet with the contents of a duplex chambered cistern placed above it
as before described, but with a single float lever, and small inlet valve
on it, worked so as to completely close the valve when the water rises
to the fixed normal level in the large or float chamber, and open by the
falling of the float and level of the water passed out near the bottom
through a lever or clastic acting syphon pipe, down its lower or long
branch, dipping into the large upper end of the pipe leading from the
second or dry outlet chamber containing the acting syphon down to the
flushing branch of the closet; the syphon being set on or into action,
(to thus flush the basin with the greater part of the contents of the
float chamber) by the lifting of the handle and plug of the closet, and
so connected thereto by a wire and lever or other equivalent as to lower
the arch or crown of the syphon below the level of the water in the float
chamber, which would then commence running and stop only when the
water fell to the entrance of the syphon to let in air. The lowering of
the plug of the closet would again raise the syphon, when the water
would slowly rise to the normal level by the small inlet cock and pipe,
so as to raise the float and shut the supply valve all ready for the next
action and flushing of the closet. A forked branch leading from the
pipe conducting the main part of the water from the upper supply
cistern into the basin to flush it conducts a portion of the supply water
into a side cistern or pocket of the outlet, shell, or case of the closet and
plug pipe for the purpose of filling and scaling the closet by a small
outlet hole at its lower part to its usual level after the handle and plug
have been let down. The syphon and flushing pipe in this arrangement
0

page_text: having no lower valve act as an overflow pipe for the float cistern,
and the size of the supply valve and pipe would regulate the time
required to refill the float chamber ready for the fresh flushing of the
closet.
Another improvement consists in making the syphon of the last
arrangement stationary within a single float supply water chamber
above (without the dry one), with its crown or bend below the level of
the water and float when the supply valve is shut, and having a cock
or valve on the pipe leading from it to the closet, shut when the plug is
lowered and opened when raised, so as to let the contents of the upper
cistern down through it to flush the closet and fill its side supply
pocket.
Another arrangement of these improvements consists in forming the
interior of the plug hollow as a cylindrical supply flushing chamber,
with a stationary cover at top, which would act as a piston nearly water
tight within it, which as raised would force the water up through a
branch in the cover piston into the basin to flush it, the lifting rod of
the plug working up through a nearly tight hole or stuffing box in the
fixed piston cover while the weight of both and the water within would
be partially balanced by a counterweighted lever, preferably acting
under a collar or pin on the rod, so as to give an increasing weight as
lifted, and vice versa, be lightest when the plug is let down, so as to
leave nearly the whole weight of the plug to keep it close.
In this and the other improved arrangements herein described the
overflow is effected through the hollow plug by an annular duct or other
trap channel between the inner cylindrical vessel and its outer shell,
or within the latter, and the construction of the plug valve seatings,
inlet float valve vessel, and the form of the other parts of the iron
shell of the closet (otherwise than has herein been described) would
preferably be formed substantially, as shown in the Final Specification of
the petitioners' patented Invention herein-before referred to, numbered
89, and dated 11th January 1872.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 8th November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, BASIL
RONALD, Brassfounder, and JOHN FARMER, Engineer, both of the
City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Basil Ronald and John
Farmer, Her special licence that we, the said Basil Ronald and
John Farmer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iμ-
PROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER WATER
CISTERNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Basil Ronald and John Farmer, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
Our said Invention has for its object a more perfect mode and means
of regulating any desired or fixed maximum quantity of water to water-

page_text: closets or other vessels than has heretofore been used, being also
improvements upon the Invention for which Royal Letters Patent, were
granted to us, dated 11th January 1872, and numbered 89.
And in order that the nature of our said Invention and the manner
of performing the same may be properly understood, we shall now
proceed to describe the several Figures on the two Sheets of Drawings
which we have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing the best
modifications and means we are at present aware of for practically
carrying the whole into effect or practice, the same reference letters and
numerals indicating the same or like parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1, are a sectional clevation and a plan
respectively of a watercloset, shown as fitted with and illustrative of one
improvement or modification and construction and arrangement of parts
for approximately regulating a fixed or definite supply or quantity of
water to waterclosets for flushing them in accordance with our said
Invention, and referring to these Figures 1 and 2, this improvement or
modification consists in fitting an additional or second float 2 to the
lever I of the ordinary inlet float valve H, which would be made to
work in a new water chamber 2' of its own separate from the ordinary
float I and its chamber J; the new float being made to act or rise and
shut the inlet valve H (soon after the discharge plug is lifted and the
closet flushed, however long it may be held up,) by the water admitted
through the ordinary inlet branch, G, and a new branch 3 from it,
rising in its float chamber 2¹ to a level Z' a few inches higher than
the normal level Z of the water in the closet or basin A, and other float
chamber J, and plug pipe B. When the inlet valve H is opened in the
usual way, by the lifting of the plug D, and the escape of the water in
the closet and falling of the lever I and usual float I, fresh water is
admitted into the chamber 2₁ of the new float 2 by a small forked or
angled branch 3, either with or without the use of a regulating tap
fitted on it leading direct from the under side of the ordinary branch
supplying the basin or pan A, so as to fill the float chamber 21,
raise the float 2, and shut the valve H as soon as the basin has been flushed,
so that little or no morc water can come into the closet by holding up
the bandle and plug D until let down, after which the water in the
float chamber 21 flows by a small hole or duct 2", leading from the
lower part of the new float chamber 2¹ into the float chamber J, or any
other part of the closet A or chamber B above the said normal level Z,
and

page_text: when the valve H again opens so as to fill the closet and its said
chambers to this level and cause the ordinary float I, to close the valve
E again as usual, leaving all ready for the next use and flushing of the
closet. The size of the forked pipe 3 and chamber 2¹ of the new closing
float 2 would thus regulate the time and the quantity of water used to
flush the closet, and the size of the outlet hole or duct 2" would mainly
regulate the time it would take to refill the closet ready for use and
flushing again; and when thus led through the duct 2", direct into the
other float chamber J, or lower part of the basin or stand pipe B it
could be made so small compared with the inlet, angled, or forked
branch 3 that it would not prevent but rather insure the water rising
in the chamber 2¹ to shut up the float and valve 2, H.
In this arrangement Figures 1 and 2, the two float chambers J and 2',
are formed or cast in one with a waste receiver C and top C¹ of the
escape plug pipe B; the contents of the chamber J flowing into the
upper part of the conducting pipe A* at the bottom of the basin A, so
as to flush the former down towards the throat B¹, and its valve
seating B and point D" of the discharge plug and over the flow trap D
and F, all shown constructed and lettered in accordanco with the
improvements contained in our said former patented Invention No. 89, and
dated 11th January 1872, so that further description will be unnecessary.
The arrows indicate the flow of the liquids through the respective ducts
and ports where shown in these and the other Figures on the Sheets.
Figure 3, is a sectional elevation of a watercloset with the pan in front
removed, showing a slightly different modification of the improvements
shown and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, and Figures 4
and 5 are respectively a vertical and a horizontal section taken on the
lines
aa and b. 6 in Figure 3. through the discharge stand
pipe B and plug D, so as to show the construction and arrangement of
the parts thereof more clearly which differ from the former as described.
In this modification or arrangement Figures 3, 4, and 5,
the small
outlet duct or pipe 2" of the new float chamber 21 is coupled and made
to flow or discharge into the overflow plug D and plug chamber B, and
is closed by the action of lifting the plug D, as by a valve arrangement.
3 The valve arrangement in this case is formed by the inverted stuffing
box chamber 21, having an annular recess or chamber into which the
said discharge duct 2" is led so as to discharge into the pipe B by two
small ports at in the spindle d for lifting the plug D when these

page_text: are down; the former having a short lift or up and down motion by the
collar d², between the top of the hollow stem of the valve box 2¹¹¹, and
the upper hollow cap and stem part D2 of the lower part of the
plug D, which latter are attached to each other by the two bolts at ³
of the overflow trap stems E, all so that when the spindle and handle
d, d, are pulled up to lift the plug D, the flow through the valve and
ports is closed, when the chamber 2¹ of the float 2 fills up to the high
level Z, and shuts the inlet valve H, so that no more water can get
into the closet however long the plug D is held up until it is let down
again, when it slowly fills through the pipe 2" and valve arrangement
2 and up to the normal lower level Z, when the ordinary float I,
finally shuts the valve H, as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2;
the parts and levels of the water being shown as if the handle and
plug D had just been let down.
Figures 6 and 7 are a sectional clevation and a plan respectively of a
watercloset with the pan A removed in the former, and dotted in in the
latter, in which a slightly different modification of the valve arrangement
is shown, with the parts and levels of the water as they would be just
after the plug D had been let down; and which is a horizontal section
in Figure 8, taken on the line b -b in Figure 6.
In this arrangement (Figures 6 to 8) the discharge duct 2" or its end
is made flexible (but it might be jointed so as to oscillate) and be con-
nected to a chamber or channel & formed in the plug D, or it might be
to its rod d (Figure 9) when preferred, so that when the rod d is pulled
up the short distance allowed it before lifting the plug D, it would, by a
valve lid or face d³, formed of india-rubber or other equivalent, stop the
flow from the improved float chamber 2, through the pipe and valve
chamber 2, and duct d³, while the plug D was held up, and only allow
the closet to fill slowly to its proper level Z, when let down, through the
valve faces d', and the side ports d³, at the lower part of the plug D, or
direct over the valve box d³, when that is attached to the spindle d direct,
as shown in the sectional clevation of the plug D, in Figure 9; in both
of the arrangements the plug D is shown as made in one hollow casting,
with a single segmental overflow pipe E, and only one float and float
chamber 2, 21, are required in this modification of the valve arrangement,
the size of the basin and chambers of the closet containing the water
determining the quantity of water used at each flushing as in the other
modifications Figures 1 to 5, while the area or opening given to the valve

page_text: faces d', determine the time it will take to refill the closet to its normal
level Z to enable the float 2 to finally shut the valve H and leave it all
ready for the next use and flushing.
Another improvement consists in placing the supply valve H and its
duplex float lever I' within a supply or flushing cistern with its two float
chambers J and 2', the new one 2¹ connected by a small hole 2" below,
or valve arrangement as before explained, connected with the normal low
acting level cistern J, in which the ordinary float I acts, and which is made
of a size to contain the minimum quantity of water it is desired to flush
the basin with each time, and all placed at a convenient height above
it, connected by a pipe L and a controlling valve L', or it might be a
cock on it placed within the cistern, or it might be near the closet
below, so as to be opened and shut by the motion of a wire N and
lever N', actuated by the hand direct, or by the raising and lowering of
the handle d, d, of the discharge plug. D.
Figures 10 and 11 are a sectional elevation and a plan respectively of
one modification of this high level flushing cistern for waterclosets,
fitted with one construction and arrangement of the parts of our said
duplex regulating float lever I', chamber 2', and valve L' applied
thereto. J is the high level cistern fitted with an ordinary safety
overflow pipe X which may be led by a pipe to any part of the closet
below or the pipe L. H is the ordinary or other inlet valve controlled
by the ordinary ball float I, preferably fitted to act on an inner part
of the lever I' at the normal level Z of the water in the cistern J, which
will contain and give the quantity of water desired to be used at each
flushing of the closet below, connected by the pipe L and its outlet
valve L' with the ordinary inlet pipe and fan G of the closet below,
as shown in the other Figures 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7. The new or improved
ball float 2 and its acting higher level cistern 2¹ are fitted in this case at
the outer end of the lever I over the valve L', and the latter 2¹ is
preferably made movable by attaching it to the opposite or inner end
of the lever N¹, to which the actuating wire N or other equivalent is
attached and connected by its small outlet hole 2" by the valve link l, 211,
to the large outlet valve L, all so that when the plug D of the closet
below is raised or the wire N is pulled the chamber 2¹ is raised, which
at once closes the outlet 21 by the spherical valve 2 on the lead of
the link which afterwards opens the valve L' letting all the water in
the cistern J down through the pipe L to flush the basin A, while the

page_text: water in the chamber 2¹ raises and keeps up the improved float 2 by
the steady liquid action of the water on it, without the jerking or
knocking caused by many of the mechanical actions or arrangements of
mechanism employed hitherto, and so long as the chamber is held up
no water can enter the cistern J which is only slowly filled when this
chamber 2¹ is lowered, which lowering of the chamber first closes the
valve L' and then admits the water by the small pipe 3, leading from
the lower part of the valve H into and through the small lower valve
hole 2, 2 the small pipe Z' from the valve H placed a little above
the pipe 3 allows sufficient water to pass down the overflow pipe X to
scal and water-lute the closet and basin below while slowly filling the
cistern J up to its normal level Z, so as to finally close the valve H by
the ordinary float I all ready for use and flushing again, as shown in
these Figures 10 and 11.
Figures 12 and 13 (also on Sheet 1 of the Drawings) .arc a sectional
clevation and a plan respectively of a slightly different modification of
this high level flushing cistern with a single improved valve float 2 and
valve chamber regulator 2', 2, 21, from that shown and described in
reference to Figures 10 and 11, and Figures 14 and 15 are a plan and
a sectional elevation of the float chamber 2¹ as detached from or suited
for Figures 12 and 13, but with a slightly different arrangement of the
connecting link between the valve 21 and the discharge valve L'.
In this arrangement Figures 12 and 13, the improved float chamber 21
is hung by side journals a, a, in slotted journal bearings in the ends Nu
of the low arms of the lever N¹, exactly over the duplex jointed stem
of a disc headed valve 2 with an india-rubber or other equivalent face
acting over the small outlet valve hole and face 2 in the bottom of the
chamber 2', which when just let down, as shown in Figure 12, slowly
fills the outer cistern J and chamber 2' by the lower branch pipe 3
led into the chamber 2¹ up to the normal level Z, so as to shut the
valve H and admit no more water to the cistern J until the lever N¹ and
chamber 2¹ have again been raised and lowered in flushing the closet,
the upper branch in the meantime having filled the pan of the closet
below through the side overflow pipe X, Figure 13. The lever arms N¹
while up carry the chamber 2¹ nearly full of water, which keeps up the
float 2 and retains the valves E shut until let down again. The link / of
the valve L' is connected to it in this case near the fulcrum, so as to raise
the latter well up off its face without requiring to raise the chamber 21

page_text: of the float lever 2, I', so much as in the modification shown in
Figures 10 and 11.
In Figures 14 and 15 the valve 2¹¹¹ is connected at a medium distance
to the top of the valve L' by a single rod and a ball or socket joint
in the head or eye piece of the bolt &, fixing the flexible face on the
valve L', which makes a more simple and universal joint connection
to allow the valve face 2 to form a tight joint on its scat 2".
Referring to the special modifications, or construction and arrange-
ment of the parts of our new or improved water regulating, and water
flushing apparatus, Figures 16 to 19, and Figures 20 to 32, on Sheet 2
of the Drawings, with movable and stationary syphons, respectively for
waterclosets, but also applicable for other cisterns and purposes.
First then, Figures 16 and 17 are a sectional elevation and plan, the
former taken on the line α-- -a, on the latter, of a new or improved
arrangement of an overhead duplex chambered cistern, made of a
suitable size to flush the watercloset below with the water contained
therein, in which J is the ball float chamber, and E, the movable syphon
flushing chamber, having only a single ordinary ball float lever I, I',
controlling the small inlet valve H at one end of it, worked so as to
completely close the valve when the water rises to the fixed normal
level Z in the large or float chamber J, and open by the falling of the
float I, and level Z of the water therein, which passes out slowly by a
small hole 2 near the bottom into the chamber E, and when flushing
the closet with the contents of this chamber up, and out through a
jointed lever or clastic acting syphon pipe O, O', down its lower or long
branch into the large upper end of the pipe L, leading from the
outlet flushing chamber E, containing the acting syphon O, O', which
it drains dry until air enters the shorter arm at o of the syphon, down
into the flushing branch and fan , G, of the closet below. The
syphon O, O¹, has attached to it a water displacing box P, all carried on
the lever and fulcrum P¹, P", on the side of the cistern, counterbalanced
by the weight P¹², to raise the syphon and displacing box to its highest
position when out of action, the longer arm of the syphon O¹, being
shown as connected to the upper end of the pipe L by a piece of india-
rubber or other flexible pipe o¹, the whole working within the chamber E,
out of which it drains the water to flush the closet when pulled down
by the wire end and arm N, N', attached to the displacing box P, and
lever P¹, so as to raise the water in the chamber E over the upper arch

page_text: of the syphon, either by hand or by the raising of the plug D of the
closet, the parts being shown in their lowest position in Figure 16, as
having drained the contents of the cistern down into the closet. The
lowering of the plug D of the closet would again allow the syphon to
rise by its counterweight P², when the water would slowly risc in the
cistern J, E, to the normal level Z, by the small inlet cock or pipe H,
so as to raise the float I, and shut the supply valve H, all ready for the
next action and flushing of the closet. As in the former modifications
described in reference to the several Figures on Sheet 1, although not
shown in these Figures, a small angled or forked branch pipe 3 may be
led from the pipe or cock H, or ¹, for supplying the main part of the
water from the upper supply cistern into the basin to flush it, to conduct
a portion of the supply water through an overflow pipe X or other
equivalent into the closet direct, or a side cistern or pocket of the outlet
shell or case of the closet and plug pipe, for the purpose of filling and
scaling the closet by a small outlet hole at its lower part to its usual
level after the handle and plug have been let down. The syphon and
flushing pipe in this arrangement having no lower valve might be made
to act as an overflow pipe for the float cistern, and the size of the supply
valve H, or its pipe would regulate the time required to refill the float
chamber ready for the fresh flushing of the closet.
Figures 18 and 19 are a sectional elevation and a plan of a slightly
different modification of flushing overhead cistern J, E, from that
described in reference to Figures 16 and 17 in which the syphon O, O¹,
is smaller and disposed more vertically, and oscillating with, and set in
action by a water displacing shutter or plate P, nearly filling the whole
width of the compartment E, and oscillating on two side centres or
fulcrums P at the bottom close to the close lower longer arm of the
yphon o¹, and put in action by the pulling of the wire or cord N, N',
passed over a pulley N", and attached to the upper end of the displacing
partition P, which in bringing it and the syphon to the perpendicular,
raises the water in the right-hand side E' of the compartment E, so as
to flow over the upper arch of the syphon, and so discharge the whole
contents thereof into the basin of the watercloset below, to flush it until
air enters at the lower end o of the syphon. The water in the com-
partment J would then flow slowly through the small hole 2" into the
compartment E, until it rose in both compartments to the normal level Z,
when the ordinary ball float lever I, I', would then shut off the supply
at the valve H, all ready for the next flushing of the closet.

page_text: In this modification the new or improved small regulating hole 2",
being on the back side of the displacing partition P, might be made
larger than in the other modifications, and it might be closed by a
covered segmental piece P when in the vertical position, so that the
water could only pass slowly through it, or past the sides of the par-
tition P, and the segmental picce P, may also be made to stop the
shutter in its highest position against the block piece P³, and when the
acting cord N was let go the displacing partition and syphon would fall
back to their normal unacting position by the counterweight P², all as
more particularly seen in Figure 18.
Figures 20 and 21 are longitudinal and transverse vertical sections
respectively of an overhead flushing cistern J, E, analogous to that
described and shown in reference to Figures 18 and 19, but with a
stationary or fixed syphon O, O', placed transversely in the one end of
the chamber E, with its arch considerably above the normal level Z of
the water in both compartments, and set in action by the displacing
partition P, fulcrummed near the bottom of the syphon, so that when
raised towards the vertical position it raises the water over the arch of
the syphon and thus sets it into action so as to quickly discharge the
whole contents of the syphon end E' of the chamber E down the pipe L
into the pan of the closet below so as to flush it; the displacing shutter
falling back to its normal position, and the water rising to its normal
level, through the new or improved regulating hole 2", all otherwise
substantially as described in reference to the last modification, Figures 18
and 19.
---
Figures 22 and 23 are a sectional elevation and a plan respectively,
the former taken on the line a. a, in the latter, both of a modification
of our improved water regulating and flushing over-head cistern for
waterclosets, in which the water in the chamber E is discharged quickly
down the pipe L, through a valve L', raised by the simple link attached
to the arm P of the lever P1, P2, on the wire or cord N being pulled, to
flush the pan of the closet below, while, when the wire N and lever
P, P², are let go, the heavy arm P³ of the lever closes the valve L', and
by the cylindrical displacing box or dipper P raises the water in the
supplementary chamber E¹ above the arched top of the syphon O, O', so
as to discharge the water in the chamber E¹ down through the syphon
and pipe L to refill the basin A and discharge pipe B after the plug D
has been let down, the small air pipe & admits air to the bottom duct of

page_text: the syphon, while the valve L' is up, so as to prevent the water passing
down the pipe L, setting the syphon in action, and discharging the
contents of the chamber E¹. The water in the chamber J will then
gradually pass through the small hole 2" into the chamber E', and so
lower the float J and open the valve H, which, by the branches 3 and ¹
will fill the chambers J, E, E¹, to the normal level Z, when the lever
I, I, will again shut the valve and leave all ready for the next flushing
of the closet.
Figures 24 and 25 are a corresponding sectional elevation and plan of
a modification of an over-head duplex chambered water regulating and
flushing cistern, in which the displacing box or dipper P is loaded or
counterweighted and formed with a valve p on its under side, so as to
act when the wire or cord is let go, and the arm P of the lever and
dipper P falls by raising the water in the chamber E over the top arch
of the syphon O, O', which discharges the contents of the chamber E
down the pipe L, so as to flush the basin of the closet below, after which
the water in the chamber J will flow slowly through the regulating
hole 2 until it rises to its normal level Z in both compartments J, E,
when the ball and lever I, I', will rise and shut the inlet valve H, all as
described in reference to Figures 22 and 23.
Figures 26 and 27 are a sectional elevation and a plan respectively,
the former taken on the line a - - - -a, in the latter, both of another modi-
fication of our improved over-head regulating and flushing duplex
chambered cistern J, E, for waterclosets, with a fixed syphon O, O¹, and
displacing box or dipper P, situated and acting in the chamber E, and
Figure 28 is an elevation of the syphon, as detached from Figures 26
and 27. The water from the main is admitted by a common ball float
lever valve I, I, H, through a small pipe 3 into the ball float compart-
ment J, which compartment has a small hole 2" at bottom communi-
cating with the flushing chamber E, in which is placed the syphon O, O¹,
the size of this small hole 21 determines the length of time that the
syphon chamber E will take in filling, and this time will always remain
the same under varying pressures. Upon the water rising to the normal
water level Z, the ball valve I, I, will shut the water completely off,
and leave the apparatus ready for action. To effect the flushing of the
basin the wire or cord N, which may be connected in the usual way to a
"pan
or other closet, or may have a bell-pull handle attached is
drawn, which by connection with the arm P¹ of the lever P¹, P, and
"

page_text: joint rod P', immerses the hollow dipper P partly amongst the water,
which by displacement causes the water in syphon chamber to rise over
the top of syphon and expel the air from it; the water then runs
through the long leg O of the syphon O, O', and pipe L leading to
closet, and continues running until the water in the syphon chamber E
is drawn down to the level of the mouth of the syphon at o, when it draws
air and immediately stops running. A counter or back balance weight P
is cast on to the end of the lever P1, P2, to bring the dipper back to its high
position again ready for action after the handle of the closet has been
let go. The water from the chamber J then slowly passes through the
regulating hole 2" until it rises to the same normal level Z in both
chambers J, E, when the ball float I, I', closes the valve H, and while
filling to that level through the branch pipe 3, a sufficient quantity of
water passes down through the higher branch z¹ from the inlet valve H
into the lower part O¹, of the syphon down through the pipe L, so as to
fill the basin and chamber of the plug below after it has been let down,
as more particularly shown in Figure 28.
Figure 29 is a plan of a watercloset fitted with an improved arrange-
ment of our water regulating and flushing duplex chambered cistern,
J, E, below at the side of it, and Figure 30 is a sectional elevation
taken on the line a - - - a, in Figure 29, through the cistern J, E, and
discharge pipe B, and overflow trapping plug D.
In this arrangement the ball float I and lever I work in a back pocket
or chamber J and waste duct C leading thereto from the inlet valve H,
fitted with the filling branch 3, connected thereto below the branch,
for flushing and filling the watercloset after the plug D has been raised
and the water in the chamber J has fallen to open the valve by flowing
through the small regulating hole 2" connecting it with the chamber E,
after the water therein has been displaced by the said raising of the
plug D, which by the lever P1, P2, depresses the dipper P in the chamber
E, displacing the water therein up through the syphon O, O', Figure 30,
connecting its lower part with a duct q into the waste pipe B³ below the
throat and seating B' of the discharge pipe B. The action of the syphon
stops as soon as the chamber E is emptied, and air enters at the lower
arm o of the syphon, when the water then flows from the chamber
J into the chamber E, and for a limited time lowers the float I so as to
open the inlet valve H, and flush the watercloset and raise the water
in both chambers to the normal level Z, which shuts the inlet valve H,
leaving all ready for the next action and flushing of the closet.

page_text: Figures 31 and 32 are respectively a vertical section and plan of a
modification of our improved water regulating and flushing duplex
chambered cistern with fixed syphon suitable for either being placed
overhead or at the side of the watercloset. The shorter end o of the
syphon pipe o, o', has an enlarged end formed on it, acting as a stationary
piston Q, by a hollow displacing box or cylindrical plug P working
loosely up and down over it by rods or other equivalent, connected to
the counterbalanced lever P', P, which rods might either work up
through stuffing boxes in the fixed pistons, or be attached to journals a
at the sides, all so that when the wire end is pulled it would raise the
displacing box or hollow plug P so as to force the water in it through
the shorter arm o of the syphon over the arch and down the long arm o¹
and pipe L leading to the basin, so as to thus start the syphons and thus
flush the basin with the whole contents of the chamber E, down to the
level of the piston Q, when the air would then enter and stop the action
of the syphon, after which the water would slowly pass through the
regulating hole 2" from the chamber I, and while rising to the normal
level in both chambers would fill them through the inlet branch 3, until
the ball float lever I, I', shuts the inlet valves II, which would leave all
ready for the next use and flushing of the closet; the weight of the
reciprocating rods 1, and displacing hollow cylinder P and water in it,
being counterbalanced by the weight P* on the arm P¹ of the lever, so
that it may be casily actuated by the wire or cord end.
In all these syphon arrangements or modifications of our said improve-
ments or Invention the syphon will answer, and may be used for a
trapping overflow pipe, which would prevent gases or effluvia from
passing up into the house through it, all instead of the ordinary overflow
pipes X shown and used in many of these improved and other ordinary
flushing cisterns and apparatus. And although these several improve-
ments or arrangements of apparatus have only been shown and described
as applied to the regulating of approximately equal quantities of water
at each action for the flushing and water luting of waterclosets, it is to
be understood that they are also applicable to the said measuring or
regulating of water to other cisterns and for other purposes, especially
the arrangement of overhead duplex cisterns described in reference to
Figures 10 to 32.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider

page_text: novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us
by tho herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction and arrangement of the parts of waterclosets
and their water regulating and flushing apparatus, distinguished and
described as separate modifications or adaptations of our said Invention
or improvements, all substantially in the new or improved manner and
for the purposes herein described and shown in reference to the several
Figures on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The construction and use of the additional and improved
float 2, and its chambers 2', with small outlet duct or valve passage 2"
to effect the retention of the float at the high level Z', while discharging
a nearly regular limited quantity of water at cach flushing of the closet,
all substantially in the new or improved manner, and for the purposes
herein described and shown in reference to the several Figures on
Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The construction and arrangement of the parts of water regu-
lating apparatus and cisterns with syphons, and modes of actuating
these, so as to discharge a nearly regular limited quantity of water at
each operation or flushing, all substantially in the manner and for the
purposes hercin distinguished, as separate modifications or adaptations
of our said Invention or improvements, as described and shown in
reference to the several Figures on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Basil Ronald and John Farmer,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-three.
Witness,
JOHN THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
BASIL RONALD. (L.S.)
JOHN FARMER. (L.S.)