Process and Apparatus for Purifying Carbonio Acid.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1896
Complete Specification Left. 15th May, 1897-Accepted, 20th Aug., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Purifying Carbonio Acid.
I, IGNAZ QURIN, Eugineer, of 20 Deutscher Ring Cologne in the Province of
Rhineland and Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Both in nature and in many commercial workings, gases are produced, containing
besides carbonic acid still other gaseous substances as nitrogen, oxygen,
Bulphuretted hydrogen and carburetted hydrogen-gas and the like, which are
sometimes still mixed with other bad-sinelling organic substancer.
For the making use of such carbonic acid for several purposes its purifying is
wanted and such a process and apparatus for purifying carbonic acid is specificated
in the following description.
The process consists especially in the gas to he purifyed at first being dissolved in
hightened pressure in fit absorbers in water (or any other fluid); this water or fluid,
if wanted, must be combined with such chemical substances, as decompose organic
or other bad smelling substances.
Such chemical substances are as follow: Permanganate of potassia, chromic acid
and salts combined with chromic acid.
The results of practical experiments are, that permanganate of potassia is
appropriated the best for this purpose, because the hyper-manganesic acid, separated
by the carbonic acid from the hydrous solution, oxidizes and destroys these organic
or bad-sinelling substances in a very energetical manner.
In order to reinove the gases received by the water besides the carbonic acid, pure
gaseous carbonic acid is driven through the solution for washing away these injurious
gases.
This may be performed in a different way; or the gaseous carbonic acid is
introduced well dispersed in the watery solution, or in the fluid itself are produced
numerous particles of carbonic acid by combining it with chemical substances or in
some other way.
The so-purified carbonic acid is at last removed by pressure-diminution or by use
of vacuum from the watery solution.
For the carrying out of the proceeding one serves of the apparatus, described in
the following and represented in Fig. 1 of the annexed drawing.
The apparatus is composed of the absorber A, the purifier B the gas-remover Cand
the pump D.
The absorber A is here a vertical cylinder filled with pieces of coke, in which the
gas coming from c and mounting through the sieve-like bottom 8, from below to
above is united in a large surface of contact with the water introduced through the
rose and purling from the coke-columna in order to effect an easy and quick
absorption of carbonic acid.
The pressure, which reigns in the absorber is indicated by the manometer d. The
gases, which have not been absorbed continuously escape through the valve k.
The tension above atmospheric pressure being in these gases from nature or produced
by mechanical force can advantageously be used for moving motors in the way of
steam-engines or for producing coldness by expansion.

page_text: A safety-valve prevents, that in the inside of the absorber a certain maximum
pressure is overgone.
The water, saturated in the absorber A with carbonic acid, which has still received
smaller quantities of the dirtying gases, is collected in the purifier B, where its
quantity is indicated by the glass-gauge w.
The arrangement of the vessel B is as follows:
Either, the vessel in its upper part (being free from fluid), is also filled with coke,
or there are put in the under part, filled with the fluid, several sieve-bottoms with
little holes t, or these two arrangements are combined.
Also mechanical mixing arrangements can be employed. If chemically pure
carbonic acid is pressed in, through the pipe this one is repeatedly dispersed into
little particles by the sieve-bottoms, going through the fluid."
Then the laws of Henry Dalton prove right, according to which the smaller
quantities of foreign gases, endeavouring to disperse equally, unite themselves with
the passing carbonic acid and are washed away by this carbonic acid and led into the
absorber. In the coke-filling the process is repeated in a similar way.
The gas-remover C is a vertical cylindrical vessel, divided in two parts by a
sieve-bottom.
The lower part serves for receiving water, the quantity of which is indicated by
the glass guage w¹. On the sieve-bottom there is in the upper room a coke-filling
of small pieces 2. .
d, is a imanometer and v the blow-off-cock. By means of the cock h the admission
or afflux of water saturated with purified carbonic acid is regulated. The valve v
being opened at the same time so much that the manometer d 1 sinks on the zero-point,
the purified carbonic acid escapes from the water, while passing the rough coke-surfaces
and streams from v to a gasometer, whilst the gas-delivered water is united below and
is continuously brought back by the pump D into the absorber.
In this way the water makes a continuous circuit through the whole apparatus,
being saturated in the absorber A with the carbonic acid and delivered in the
purifier B from foreign gases, in order to separate in the gas-reinover C the purified
carbonic acid. The chemical substances contained in the water destroy the other
bad smelling substances.
In Fig. 2 the purifying apparatus B is omitted and at its place there is put between
the absorber and the gas-remover a vessel E having the same arrangement as the
'gas-remover C.
This vessel E has the purpose to remove by diminution of pressure the greater
part of the dissolved air in purifying such gases, which are comparatively poor of
carbonio acid.
I, IGNAZ QORIN, Engineer, of 20 Deutscher-Ring, Cologne in the Province of
Rhineland and Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :--
Both in nature and in many commercial workings gases aro produced, containing
besides carbonic acid still other gaseous substances as nitrogen oxygen sulphuretted

page_text: -
hydrogen and carburetted hydrogen-gas and the like, which are sometimes still
mixed with other bad-smelling organic substances.
For the making use of such carbonic acid for several purposes its purifying is
wanted and such a process and apparatus for purifying carbonic acid is specificated
in the following description.
The process consists especially in the gas to be purified at first being dissolved in
hightened pressure in fit absorbers in water (or any other fluid); this water or fluid,
if wanted, inust be combined with such chemical substances, as decompose organic
or other had snelling substances.
Such chemical substances are as follows: Perinangauate of potassa, chronic acid
and salts combined with chronic acid.
The results of practical experiments are, that permanganate of potassa is appropriated
the best for this purpose, because the hyper-manganesic acid, separated by the
carbonic acid from the hydrous solution oxidizes and destroys these organic or
bad-smelling substances in a very energetical manner.
In order to remove the gases received by the water besides the carbonic acid pure
gaseous carbonic acid is driven through the solution for washing away these injurious
gases.
This may be performed in a different way; or the gaseous carbonic acid is introduced
well dispersed in the watery solution or in the fluid itself are produced numerous
particles of carbonic acid by combining in with chemical substances or in some
other way.
The carbonic thus purified acid is at last removed by pressure diminution or by
use of vacuum from the watery solution.
For the carrying out of the proceeding use is made of the apparatus described in
the following and represented in Fig. 1 of the drawing filed with the Provisional
Specification.
The apparatus is composed of the absorber A, the purifier B, the gas-remover C
and the pump D.
The absorber A is hero a vertical cylinder filled with pieces of coke, in which the
gas coining from c and mounting through the sieve-like bottoms a from below to
above is united in large surface of contact with the water, introduced through the
rose and dripping from tho coke-column in order to effect an easy and quick
absorption of carbonic acid.
The pressure which exists in the absorber is indicated by the manometer d. The
gases, which have not been absorbed continuously escape through the valve ki.
The tension above atinospheric pressure which exist in these gases from nature or is
produced by mechanical force can advantageously be used for moving motors in the
inanuer of steam engines or for producing cold by expansion.
A safety valve prevents a certain inaximum pressure being surpassed 'in the
inside of the absorber A.
'The water saturated in the absorber A with carbonic acid, which has also received
smallor quantities of the impure gases is collected in the purifier B, where its
quantity is indicated by the glass-gauge w.
The arrangement of the vessel B is as follows:
Either the vessel in its upper part (being free from fluid), is also filled with coke,
or there are put in the under part, filled with the fluid, several sieve-bottons with
littles holes i, , t or these two arrangements are combined.
Mechanical mixing arrangements can also be employed.
If chemically pure carbonic acid is pressed in, through tho pipe i is repeatedly
dispersed into little particles by the sieve-bottoms, going through the fluid.
Then the laws of Henry Dalton prove right, according to which the smaller
quantities of foreign gases endeavouring to disperse equally, unite themselves with
the passing carbonic acid and are washed away by this carbonic acid and led into the
absorber.
In the coke-filling the process is repeated in a similar way.
The gas-remover C is.a vertical cylindrical vessel, divided in two parts by a
sieve bottom.

page_text: The lower part serves for receiving water, the quantity of which is indicated by
the glass-guage w¹.
On the sieve-bottom there is in the upper room a coke-filling of small pieces Z.
d' is a manometer, e a water-rose and the blow-off cock.
By means of the cock h the admission or afflux of water saturated with purified
carbonic acid is regulated.
The valve v being opened at the same time so much that the manometer d¹ sinks
to the zero-point, the purified carbonic acid escapes from the water, while passing
over the rough coke-surfaces and streams from to a gasometer, while the
gas-delivered water is united below and is continuously brought back by the pump D
into the absorber.
In this way the water makes a continuous circuit through the whole apparatus,
being saturated in the absorber A with the carbonic acid and freed in the purifier B
from foreign gases in order to separate in the gas remover C the purified
carbonic acid.
The chemical substances contained in the water destroy the other bad-smelling
substances.
In Fig. 2 of the drawing filed with the Provisional Specification part B of the
apparatus serves only for collecting the water saturated in the absorber A, but not
for the purifying.
For this purpose there is put between the absorber A and the gas remover Ca
vessel E having the same arrangement as the gas-remover C.
From the water collector 3 of the absorber A a pipe containing a cock g goes to
the upper part of E, entering here with the rose e'.
The top of E has a manometer d and a blow-off-cock v' corresponding in their
construction and purpose to the parts d' and of the gas-remover C. w³ is a
glass-gauge for indicating the quantity of water in E.
The object of this vessel E is to remove by diminishing the pressure the greater
part of the dissolved air in purifying such gases, which are comparatively pure in
carbonic acid.
If for instance the water in A is saturated at a pressure of 10 atmospheres with
the gas to be purified and if this water enters E at 92 atmospheres before
removing the purified carbonic acid in C at a very reduced pressure in E gaseous
carbonic acid is disengaged in the proportion of a quarter of the volume of
the liquid and this gas is driven in a very fine spray through the solution in
water.
The injurious gases which attempt to spread equally in the space from the liquid
are assisted herein and driven away by the motion of the carbonic acid and pass
off at v'.
It is self-evident that between E and Cone or more vessels E in the same manner
and of the same construction can be inserted and more vessels E are arranged, the
more completely injurious are driven away.
Ilaving now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare, that what I
claim, is:
1. The process of producing pure carbonic acid from mixtures with air so forth
by dissolving it in water and separating it from this by pressure or vacuum is
specified by the arrangement that for "removing the gases accompanying the
carbonic acid, pure carbonic acid is passed or driven through the solution or is
produced in it itself, so that the impure gases are washed or carried away and pure
.carbonic acid is remaining in the solution for the purpose known.
2. A mode of performance of the proceeding significated by the water used for
dissolving being mixed with chemical substances, effecting the destruction of the
unclean substances mixed with the carbonic acid.
3. The cleaning of the gases poor in carbonic acid by dissolving them in water,

page_text: the separation of one part of the impure gases from the carbonic acid by gradual
pressure-diminution.