IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NETS
Year: 1885

page_text: mрrоvещени ш шабшногу лог
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF NETS " which Invention has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Charles Galland and Jean Chaunier both of Paris
in the Republic of France Mechanical Engineers to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to Improvements in machinery employed in the manu-
facture of fishing nets and it consists in the employment for this purpose of
machines constructed and operating on the same principle as the machines
employed in the manufacture of bobbin net lace or tulle the said machines being
modified as hereinafter described in order to adapt them for the special work
in which they are to be employed-The nets made by machines constructed
according to this Invention resemble hand made nets as regards the formation of
the knots meshes and selvedges and the machines admit of being run at a very
high rate of speed.
The moving parts of the improved machine are supported by frames connected
by bars or beams as in a bobbin net or tulle machine and the motive power is
transmitted to a horizontal shaft arranged at the upper part of the machine-This
shaft by the intervention of an endless screw or worm a worm wheel and toothed
gear imparts motion to a series of double cams which cause the netting mechanism
to describe the various motions necessary to the formation of the knots as
hereinafter described by means of a combination of slides levers and links. The
aforesaid horizontal shaft also drives by means of bevel gear two vertical cam
shafts arranged at each side of the machine and carrying sundry cams which
transmit a traversing or shogging motion to certain parts of the mechanism.
The machine is provided with two comb bars or bolts and bobbin carriages
resembling the comb bars or bolts and carriages employed in tulle machines-
There are as many carriages as there are lengths of warp and one over.
One comb bar is stationary and the other moves in the arc of a circle being.
operated by one of the cams on the horizontal shaft. This bar also receives from

page_text: the vertical cam shafts hereinbefore referred to a traversing or shogging motion
in order that each carriage may be pushed alternately into different intervals or
gaps in the stationery comb bar for the purpose of crossing the bobbin or weft
twine over the warp. The carriages are operated by two pusher bars engaging
with different lugs or nebs on the carriages being operated by two cams on the
horizontal shaft which cause the said bars to travel in a circular path.
The movements of these pusher bars are so timed that one bar releases the neb
on one side of the carriage at the same time as the other bar engages with the
neb on the opposite side of the same carriage.
The knots are formed alternately upon pins carried by two bars hereinafter
termed point bars each of such bars being provided with as many pins as there are
lengths of warp and partaking of vertical and horizontal motions imparted to it by
the cam shafts The knots are tightened upon these pins and the size of the mesh
is determined by the distance between the pins which may be adjusted so as to
enable the same machine to make any desired size from about one quarter of an
inch to two inches.
The warp is passed through guide tubes or eyes carried by a looper or guide bar
moved in a vertical direction by a cam on the horizontal shaft and being also
shogged or shifted laterally by cams on the vertical cam shafts—The effect of
these combined movements is that the warp twine is looped upon hooks on a hook
bar hereinafter described and is also lapped round the pins on the point bar.
In the upward stroke the guide bar being automatically turned over at intervals
in order that the warp may pass in a straight line from the warp beam to the pins
on the point bars without describing an angle in passing through the eyes or
tubes The said warp beam has an oscillating or rocking motion imparted to it by
a cam on the horizontal cam shaft for the purpose of letting off sufficient twine for
making one mesh the said motion terminating in a jerk for tightening the knot.
The hook bar hereinbefore referred to carries as many hooks or projections in
the form of a foot as there are lengths of warp the said hooks being so formed as
to allow the guide tubes to travel round them-By the actions of a cam on the
horizontal shaft the hook bar is caused to partake of a reciprocating movement in
a vertical direction and the hooks serve to separate the two lengths of warp
between the said hooks and the pins on the point bar sufficiently to allow the
carriages to pass through the triangle or loop formed by the warp.
The hooks continue to hold the loops of warp until they are brought close up to
the pins whereupon the hooks are turned over and release the loops A sliding
plate having its edge cut out in the form of saw teeth there being as many teeth
as there are warp threads is attached to the underside of the hook bar being shifted
from right to left and from left to right alternately by the vertical cam shafts
The office of this plate is to keep the warp twine passing to the guide on the left
hand of the hooks whilst the bobbin carriage is being shifted from the moveable
comb bar to the stationary comb bar and to shift the warp to the right band of
the hook as the carriage returns to the moveable comb-bar so that the weft or
bobbin twine crosses the warp twine and draws it to the pins when the carriages
are pushed home on the moveable comb bar.
In making the knots the devices or instruments herein before described are
caused to operate as hereinafter explained. The guide tubes holding the warp
between the knot previously formed and the warp beam are shifted vertically and
horizontally so as to lap bights of warp upon the books on the hook bar. The
guide bar then descends and loops the warp on the pins on the point bar after
which it rises passing the same twine to the left of the hook. During the ascent
of the guide bar the moveable comb bar moves in an upward direction, the right
band pusher bar shifts the carriages until their left hand lugs or nebs engage with
the left hand pusher box which thereupon sends the carriages home in the gaps of
the stationary comb bar at this moment the notched sliding plate under the hook
bar which till then had retained the warp twine proceeding to the guides on the

page_text: left of the hooks, shifts this twine to the right hand side of the said hooks by a
rapid lateral or shogging movement.
The left band pusher bar then shifts the carriages until their nebs engage again
with the right hand pusher in such a manner as to cause the weft or bobbin twine
to return on the other side of or cross the warp twine.
The right hand pusher bar then draws the carriages into the combs of the
moveable comb bar which now descends to its lowest position thereby drawing
the weft threads on to the pins. At the same time the hooks descend with the
loops of warp and when near the pins release the said loops and the slack is taken
up by the rocking action of the beam which draws the knot tight. The carriages
are at the same time moved in such a manner as to enable them to pay out a
small quantity of weft twine, which is taken up and twisted by the warp twine.
The hook bar then ascends, turning over on edge and returns to its original
position whilst the right hand pusher bar returns the carriages to their lowest
position. The knots being thus formed upon the pins of one of the point bars, the
latter retires for a distance equal to the dimensions of the mesh to be formed. The
other point bar then descends so as to disengage the knots which were upon its
pins and assumes the position previously occupied by the first bar; at the same
time both bars are shogged by the action of the vertical cam shafts so as to bring
the pins on the second bar immediately opposite to hooks whilst the moveable
comb bar is likewise shogged, so that the carriages instead of passing through
loops formed on the same hooks as in the previous operation pass through loops
formed on the adjacent hooks and thus causo each length of bobbin or weft twine
to be knotted alternately with the warp twine on opposite sides thereof the
evolutions herein before described being repeated for each successive row of knots.
Dated: 1
100x

page_text: Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Nets.
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Charles Galland and Jean Chaunier both of
Paris in the Republic of France and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
1
This Invention relates to machinery for the manufacture of nets for fishing or
other purposes the said machinery being constructed and operating on the same
principles as the machines employed in the manufacture of tulle lace or bobbin net
but modified as hereinafter described in order to adapt them for the special work
in which they are to be employed. The nets made by machines constructed
according to this Invention resemble hand made nets with regard to the form
of the knots meshes and selvedges and can be manufactured at the rate of
2,400,000 meshes in 10 hours.
Figures 1 2 and 3 sheet one of the accompanying Drawings illustrate the general
arrangement of a machine constructed according to this Invention figure 1 being
a front elevation & Figure 2 a transverse section the section being taken along the
line 1-2 figure 3 which represents the machine in plan.
Figures I to VIII sheet 2 show the different positions successively occupied by
the parts forming the knots these parts being drawn to a larger scale than in
Figures 1. 2 and 3 sheet I Figure IX sheet 2 shows the structure of the net and
the direction of working and figures I to VIII sheets 3 and 4 illustrate the knot
tying devices drawn to a larger scale or about full size and in various positions
corresponding with the positions in the Figures distinguished by corresponding
numbers in sheet 2.
As indicated in Figures 1. 2 and 3 sheet 1 the working parts of this improved
machine are supported by suitable side frames connected by horizontal transverse
bars or beams as in a bobbin net or tulle machine and the motive power is trans-
mitted by a belt to two pulleys Z on a horizontal shaft arranged at the upper part
of the machine This shaft by the intervention of an endless screw or worm Z¹
a worm wheel Z' and toothed gear Z³ imparts motion to other shafts carrying
cams dfgjkl each connected with and operating one of the knot forming devices
hereinafter described. The requisite motions are transmitted from the said cams
to the knot tying devices at the proper times by means of suitable combinations
of slides links and levers or the like as is well understood by those skilled in the
construction of this class of machines.
Motion is also imparted by the gearing Z³ to a horizontal shaft Z which by
means of bevel gear Z³ drives two vertical cam shafts A and B arranged at each
side of the machine and carrying cams which transmit a traversing or shogging
motion to certain parts of the mechanism as in ordinary tulle machines.
The position of the principal parts next hereinafter described and their con-
nection with the actuating mechanism will be understood by referring to Figures 1.

page_text: 2 and 3 sheet 1 but the details of the construction of the said parts and their
changes of position relatively to one another will be best understood by referring
to figures I to VIII sheet 2.
The machine is constructed with two comb bars or bolts C and D provided with
bobbin carriages E resembling the comb bars or bolts and bobbin carriages ordinarily
employed in tulle machines. There are as many bobbin carriages E as there are
lengths of warp twine and one over.
The comb bar C is stationary being firmly secured to the side frames but the
bar D is moveable upon an axis O (figure 2) sheet 1 and is caused by the cam d to
describe an arc of a circle. This bar also receives from the vertical cam shafts A
and B a reciprocating traversing or shogging motion in order that each carriage
may be pushed alternately into different intervals or gaps in the stationary comb
bar C for the purpose of crossing two adjacent warp twine. The carriages E
are operated by two pusher bars F and G engaging different lugs or nebs on the
said carriages. These pusher bars oscillate upon the axis O and are worked by
the cams and g which impart to them a circular motion about this axis. The
movements of these pusher bars are so timed that one bar releases the neb on one
side of the carriage at the same time as the other bar engages with the neh on
the opposite side of the same carriage in transferring the carriages from one comb
bar to the other.
The knots are formed alternately upon pins carried by two point bars H and I
each of such bars being provided with as many pins marked respectively H¹
and I as there are lengths of warp and partaking of two reciprocating motions
one being in a vertical and the other in a horizontal direction imparted by the
vertical cam shafts A and B. The knots are formed and tightened upon these pins
alternately and the size of the meshes is determined by the distance between
the pins H¹¹ which may be adjusted so as to enable the same machine to make
any desired size of mesh from say about one quarter of an inch to about 2 inches.
The warp twine is taken from a beam or roller K (figure 2 sheet 1) and passed
through tubes or eyes J¹ in a looper or guide bar J operated by the cam ; which
causes this bar to describe a motion alternately downwards and upwards. The
bar J is also shogged or shifted laterally by cams on the vertical cam shafts A and B.
The effect of these combined movements is that the warp twine is looped upon
hooks L' on a hook bar L and is also lapped round the pins on one of the point
bars H or I as the case may be In the course of its upward movement the looper
bar J is automatically turned over at intervals in order that the warp twine may
pass in a straight line from the roller K to the pins on the point bars H or I
without describing an angle in passing through the eyes or tubes J' in the looper
bar J The beam or roller K carrying the warp twine carefully warped thereon is
carried upon arms u (figures 1 and 2) caused to oscillate or partake of a rocking
motion upon centres u by the cam k This rocking motion is for the purpose of
letting off sufficient twine for making one mesh and terminates in an upward jerk
for tightening the knots.
The hook bar L carries as many hooks or projections L¹ in the form of a foot
(figure V sheet 4) as there are lengths of warp twine the said hooks being so formed
as to allow the guide tubes J¹ on the looper bar J to travel round them.
By the action of the cam l the bar L is carried to partake of a reciprocating
movement in a vertical direction and the hooks L' are employed for the purpose
of holding open the loops or separating the two lengths of warp between the said
hooks and the pins H¹ or I' (when the tubes J have passed round said hooks and
pins) sufficiently to allow the carriages E to pass through the triangular loop
formed by the warp twine thus lapped round the pins Hor I and the hooks L
These hooks continue to hold these loops of warp until the hooks are brought close
up to the pins whereupon the hooks are turned over and release the loops as
hereinafter described. A longitudinally sliding plate M having its edge cut out-in
the form of saw teeth (see figure IV sheet 2) there being as many teeth as there

page_text: dre warp threads is attached to the underside of the hook bar L being shifted
from right to left and from left to right alternately by the vertical cam shafts A
and B.
"The office of this plate M is to keep the warp twine passing to the guide tubes J¹
on the left band of the bobbins whilst the carriages E are being shifted from the
moveable comb-bar D to the stationary comb-bar C and to shift the warp back to
the right hand of the bobbins before the carriages E return to the moveable bar D
so that the weft or 'bobbin, twine from the carriage E crosses or is looped around
the warp twine and draws it towards the pins H¹ or I' when the carriages are
pushed home on the moveable comb-bar D.
.
Having thus separately described the principal working parts of the machine
I will now explain the successive stages of the operation of forming the knots by
means of the devices or instruments hereinbefore described.
Figure I sheet 2 (see also enlarged diagram figure sheet 3) shows the parts in
the position which they'respectively occupy at the moment when they are about to
commence to tie a knot The guide tubes J are holding the warp twine indicated
by the dotted line x at a point between the beam and the knots previously formed
on the pin 1 of the bar I by a knot where it is tied to the weft or bobbin twine
(indicated at y) from the carriage E In order to form a loop on hooks L³ the
looper bar J is then moved to the position indicated in figure II sheet 2 (see also
enlarged diagram figure II sheet 3) being shifted longitudinally or shogged to an
extent equal to the width of one hook and then caused to pass the guide tubes J¹
downwards between the hooks and leave bights or loops of twine upon the latter
-the intervals or spaces between the hooks being of sufficient width to admit of the
passage of the said tubes. The looper bar J now forms loops on the pins H¹ by
descending to the position indicated by the dotted lines in figure III sheet 2 and
then rising and passing the twine to the left of the hooks L¹ and assuming the
position indicated by full lines in this figure and also in the diagram figure III
sheet 3. During this upward motion of the looper bar J the moveable comb bar D
is caused to oscillate on the centre O (figure 2 sheet 1) and move in an upward
direction the pusher bar G is operated in such a manner as to shift the carriages E
through the loops on the hooks L¹ until their left hand lugs or nebs are in a
position to engage with the left hand pusher bar F which thereupon sends the said
carriages home in the gaps of the stationary comb bar C as indicated in figure IV
sheet 2. At this moment the notched sliding plate M under the hook bar L which
plate till then had retained the warp twine proceeding to the guide or looper
tubes J on the left of the hooks L¹ and carriages E shifts this twine to the
right by a rapid lateral or shogging movement as will be readily understood by
referring to the different views of these parts represented in figure IV sheet 2 and
figures IV and V sheets 3 and 4. The pusher bar F then shifts the carriages E
until their right hand nebs are in a position to engage again with the pusher bar G
(figure V sheet 2) and the carriage returns through the loop of warp but passes on
the other side or crosses the length of warp that has been shifted by the action of
the plate M as hereinbefore described so that the carriage E figures III IV V
and VI sheets 3 and 4 which in proceeding from the moveable comb bar D to the
stationary comb bar C had passed behind the portion of warp thread passing direct
to the looper bar J passes in returning from the stationary bar C to the moveable
bar D in front of the same portion thus causing the weft or bobbin twine to cross
the warp twine at this part as indicated in figure VI sheet 4.
The pusher bar G then draws the carriages E in to the combs of the moveable
comb bar D which then returns to the position indicated in figure VI sheet 2
thereby drawing or tightening the loop of bobbin twine against the pins H. At
the same time the hooks L³ descend with the loops of warp twine thereon and
when near the pins H release the said loops, the slack being taken up by the
rocking action of the beam K which draws the knots tight (figure VII sheet 2 and
figure VII sheet 4)..

page_text: When the hook bar L completes its descent it is at the same time tilted or
caused to turn over automatically and as indicated in figure VII in order to
disengage the hooks L' from the loops-At the same time the beam or roller K
continues its ascent and terminates this moveinent by an upward jerk to draw the
knot tight. In order to facilitate the tightening action the pusher bar G elevates
the carriages E so as to enable them to pay out a small quantity of weft twine
which is taken up and twisted by the warp twine as indicated in figure VII
sheet 4. The hook bar L then ascends turning over on edge at the same time and
returns to its original position as indicated in Figures I and VIII Sheet 2, whilst
the pusher bar G returns the carriages E to their lowest position. The knot being
thus formed upon the pins H of the point bar H as indicated in Figure VIII,
Sheet 4, this bar retires for a distance corresponding to the dimensions of the mesh
to be formed. The point bar I then descends so as to disengage the knots which
were upon its pins and assumes the position previously occupied by the bar H, at
the same time the two bars H and I are shogged by the action of the vertical cam
shafts A and B so as to bring the pins on the bar I immediately opposite to the
hooks L¹ whilst the moveable comb bar D is also shogged by the aforesaid vertical
cam shafts, so that the carriages E instead of passing through the loops formed by
the warp twine on the same hooks L' as in the previous operation are now in a
proper position for passing through the loop formed upon the adjacent hooks and
thus cause each length of bobbin or weft twine to be knotted alternately with the
warp twines on opposite sides thereof. The parts being in this position, the
formation of a row of knots upon the pins I is proceeded with by repeating
the several movements herein before described at the conclusion of which the various
parts are restored to the position which they occupied at the commencement of the
operations, and the pins H₁ are again brought into operation.
Figure IX shews the manufactured net and the position or arrangement of the
twine warp and weft twine y. The last row of knots at the top of the figure
shews the knots before they are tightened and taken off the pins. As indicated in
the same Figure, this mode of manufacture enables selvedges to be produced on
each edge of the web of net made on the machine and as in the case of hand-
made nets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
First. A machine for the manufacture of nets with knots resembling the knots
of hand-made nets, the said machine being constructed on the same general
principles as an ordinary tulle or bobbin net machine and provided with knot
tying devices constructed and operating substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved
machinery for the manufacture of nets substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.