IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TUBES, COLUMNS, SHAFTS AND OTHER HOLLOW METAL,MS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Kellogg, of Buffalo in the State of New York and
United States of America for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR ROLLING TUBES, COLUMNS, SHAFTS AND OTHER HOLLOW
METAL,
FORMS OF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Kellogg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1883.
CHARLES KELLOGG, of Buffalo in the State of New York and United States of
America "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TUBES, COLUMNS, SHAFTS
AND OTHER HOLLOW FORMS OF METAL
23
These improvements consist, first, in a mandrel which is provided with two pairs
of rolls arranged in chambers on the mandrel rod and adapted to roll the inner
surface of tubes, columns, shafts and other hollow cylindrical forms of metal;
second, in the combination in a universal mill or other apparatus for rolling metal,
of two pairs of exterior rolls adapted to form the exterior surface of a metallic tube,
column, shaft, or other hollow work of cylindrical or other desired shape from a
hollow billet or ingot or from metal in any other suitable condition, with a mandrel
adapted to enter the tube or other work and carrying two pairs of rolls arranged
so as to act upon the interior surface of the work at points exactly opposite those
at which the action of the exterior rolls takes place, and thereby to roll and form
and consolidate the inside surface at the same time that the exterior rolls produce
a similar effect upon the outside; third, in a special construction and combination
of the mandrel rolls and the chambers on the mandrel rod in which these rolls are
carried.
A sett of ordinary two-high rolls, consisting of a pair of vertical rolls and a pair
of horizontal rolls is carried in standards. These pairs of rolls are arranged at right
angles with and at the usual distance from each other and are in all respects alike
and are constructed and operated in the usual way. Both setts of them are provided

page_text: with screws for advancing and withdrawing them to and from the work in the
customary manner. The standards are bolted to a bed plate.
No further description of this portion of the machinery is necessary as it is in
every respect the same as the usual universal mill well known to iron rollers.
The controlling novelty in my improvements is what may be termed a double
hollow-chambered mandrel, and it is designed to be applied in the interior of the
tube, hollow cylinder, or other work to be rolled, and to roll and form the inner
surface of the work and to consolidate and refine the material of it while it is
passing over the mandrel, at the same time that similar effects are being produced
by the exterior rolls upon the outer surface of it. For this purpose I construct the
hollow chambers at suitable points on the mandrel rod, and in each of these
chambers I arrange a pair of small rolls which project slightly through openings in
the chambers, and are thereby caused to act upon the interior surface of the tube
or other work to be rolled. These rolls have short journals at their ends which are
supported and turn in recesses in the inner surface of the walls of the chambers;
but the rolls have their principal bearing upon each other and are always in contact
as the interior diameter of the work does not change but remains the same as that
of the billet or ingot or other form of metal from which it is rolled. It results
from this that the function of these mandrel rolls is, in part, to serve as anvils for
the exterior rolls. Like the latter, the respective pairs of them are arranged at
right angles with and at a short distance from each other, and each respective
chamber must be so arranged and located upon the mandrel rod that the action of
the pair of rolls carried in it upon the interior surface of the tube or other work to
be rolled will necessarily be precisely opposite the points at which a pair of either
the horizontal or vertical exterior rolls will at the same instant be acting. By this
means, not only is the work suitably sustained from the inside against the pressure
of the exterior rolls, but the inner surface of it is thoroughly consolidated as well as
made more uniform and far more perfect in outline than it could otherwise bc.
The operation of my invention is as follows:-
A hollow billet or ingot of homogeneous material, such as steel, homogeneous
iron or other suitable metal, or any other work to be rolled, is first made ready in
any of the usual ways. When at a proper heat for rolling, it is placed in the mill,
and the mandrel is introduced into it and adjusted in the requisite position to
effect the results above referred to, that is to say, by so placing the chambers that
the rolls they carry shall be respectively directly opposite a pair of horizontal or
vertical exterior rolls. The mill being started, the work is rolled with the ordinary
manipulation, the exterior rolls being rotated by gearing as usual and the mandrel
rolls being operated by the reciprocatory movement of the work upon them, and
the process is continued until complete, when the work will have become a finished
tube, or of whatever other cylindrical or partially hollow form the rolls may be
adapted to, having throughout its length a uniform diameter and walls of uniform
thickness.
In order to insure the durability of the mandrel rolls, I prefer to construct them
in such a manner that they shall have a flat cylindrical section of surface for about
one-eighth of their total length at the points where they have their bearings on
and revolve upon each other. By this means, instead of the rolls coming into
contact with each other at virtually only a single point of their length, as would be
the case if their bearings were not flattened, the pressure upon them is distributed
over a considerable surface, and thus all danger of their being crushed when in
operation is obviated. This flattened cylindrical zone of bearing will not cause too
great friction of the rolls upon each other, and it will be found in practice to give
such solidity and strength to the surfaces in contact that they will possess all the
durability which is requisite.
The walls of the chambers are of considerable thickness and that portion of the
castings constituting the chambers in which the rolls rest is solid and strong. The
end bearings or journals of the rolls rest and revolve upon parts of the roll seats

page_text: only and through a central opening in the roll-sent the rolls have their flat
cylindrical bearing upon each other as already described.
The chambers are cast in halves and are bolted together through flanges or
otherwise in the well known way.
For the purpose of lubricating and cooling the mandrel rolls and the interior of
the chambers, the mandrel rod may be made hollow, and a pipe for carrying water
into the chambers may be employed.
It will be found that by means of my improvements tubes and analogous work
of large diameter can be successfully rolled in longer lengths than has heretofore
been possible, and the interior surface of the work will in all cases be far more close
and uniform in texture and its outline far more accurate than can be attained by
any other method, while the combined operation of the exterior rolls and inandrel
rolls will thoroughly condense the material employed throughout its mass, and
when billets or piles are used will weld their constituents solidly together and
refine and make homogeneous the metal of which they are composed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent and of
an Order of the Lord Chancellor filed by the said Charles Kellogg in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th January 1884.
CHARLES KELLOGG, of Buffalo, in the State of New York and United States
of America, "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING TUBES, COLUMNS,
SHAFTS, AND OTHER HOLLOW FORMS OF METAL.
"
These improvements consist, first, in a mandrel which is provided with two pairs
of rolls arranged in chambers on the mandrel rod and adapted to roll the inner
surface of tubes, columns, shafts and other hollow cylindrical forms of metal;
second, in the combination in a universal mill or other apparatus for rolling metal,
of two pairs of exterior rolls, adapted to form the exterior surface of a metallic
tube, column, shaft or other hollow work of cylindrical or other desired shape for a
hollow billet or ingot, or from metal in any other suitable condition, with a mandrel
adapted to enter the tube or other work and carrying two pairs of rolls arranged
so as to act upon the interior surface of the work at points exactly opposite those
at which the action of the exterior rolls takes place, and thereby to roll and form
and consolidate the inside surface at the same time that the exterior rolls produce
a similar effect upon the outside; third, in a special construction and combination
of the mandrel rolls and the chambers on the mandrel rod in which these rolls are
carried.
Referring to the drawing, Fig 1. is a sectional view of a two-high universal
rolling mill such as is in common use, showing a tube or billet or ingot in the
position it occupies in being rolled by my method and also showing one of a pair
of exterior horizontal rolls and a pair of exterior vertical rolls, together with the
interior rolls which are carried in the mandrel, hereinafter to be described. Fig. 2
is an end view shewing the tube and the vertical rolls in the position in which they
are when the operation is finished. Fig. 3 is an enlarged view of my improved
mandrel, which carries two pairs of interior rolls corresponding to the respective
horizontal and vertical exterior rolls already referred to. Fig. 4 is an enlarged
detail view of the interior or mandrel rolls. Figs. 5 and 6, are cross sections of
the mandrel, taken respectively on lines y y and x x.
In these, A A represents the housings of a universal rolling mill, the two sets of
rolls B, B, C, C, being arranged at right angles to each other and provided with
adjusting screws a, a, in the usual manner. D is the bed plate to which the
housings are bolted. The controlling feature of my invention is designated by the
letters b, b. It is what may be termed a double mandrel, and it is designed to be
held stationary while within the tube or other hollow work to be rolled, and to roll
and form the inner surface of the work, and to consolidate and refine the material
while the tube is passing over it, at the same time that similar effects are being
produced by the exterior rolls upon the outer surface. I construct the slotted
chambers c, c, of said mandrel at suitable points on the mandrel, and in each of
these chambers is arranged a pair of small rolls F, F, which are adapted to project
slightly through openings c', c', in the walls of the chambers against the interior
surface of the tube or other article to be rolled. The shafts of these rolls have
short journals at their ends, which are supported and turn in recesses in the shell of
the chambers; but the rolls have their principal bearings against each other, and
are always in contact, as the interior diameter of the tube or other work does not
change, but remains the same as that of the billet or ingot or other form of metal
from which it is made. It results from this that the function of these mandrel rolls
is to serve as anvils for the exterior rolls. Like the latter the respective pairs of
thein are arranged at right angles with and at a short distance from each other,
and as is represented in Figs. 1 and 3, each respective chamber must be so arranged

page_text: and located upon the mandrel that the action of the pair of rolls carried in it upon
the interior surface of the tube or other work, will necessarily be precisely opposite
the points at which a pair of either the horizontal or vertical exterior rolls will be
acting at the same instant. By this means the work will be suitably sustained on
the inside against the pressure of the external rolls, and the inner surface is
thoroughly consolidated as well as made more uniform and perfect than it could
be otherwise.
The hollow mandrels bb are divided longitudinally into two equal parts which
fit over the rod E, and are secured together and to the rod by transverse bolts
with countersunk heads and nuts. Between the two parts is placed a gasket or
diaphragm G which divides the chamber within the mandrel into two equal
parts HH'. f is a water pipe which passes into the hollow mandrel rod E, thence
into one of the two chambers of the mandrel where it connects with ducts g, which
lead to the chambers or cavities c in which the rolls revolve, thence the ducts
connect with a water pipe fl which leads to the second mandrel, containing similar
ducts g. From this point the water flows downward to the other chamber of the
mandrel and thence through other ducts gg into the hollow mandrel rol, from
which it passes out. By this means a circulation of water is kept up through the
mandrels and the rolls are kept cool.
The
The operation of my invention is as follows: A hollow billet or ingot of
homogeneous material, such as steel, homogeneous iron or other metal, or any
other work to be rolled, is first prepared in any of the usual ways. When at a
proper heat for rolling it is placed in the mill, and the mandrel is introduced into
it, and adjusted to the requisite position to effect the result above referred to.
mill being started, the work is rolled with the ordinary manipulation, the exterior
rolls being rotated by gearing, and the mandrel rolls being operated by the
reciprocating motion of the work upon them, and the process is continued until
the ingot or billet is rolled out to the proper length and the walls have been
reduced to the proper thickness, when a tube will have been produced having a
uniform diameter and walls throughout.
It must be understood that the process of rolling the tube consists in passing it
back and forth, or reciprocating it by the action of the exterior rolls which are
reversed after each pass, the tube not being permitted to pass entirely off the
mandrels at the end of the movement in each direction, thus the ingot can be
rolled and the tube completed at one heat and consequently without removal from
the rolls and mandrel until completed.
Having now described my invention, and the best mode known to me of
carrying it into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I believe to be new,
and desire to protect by Letters Patent is :-
1st. The manufacture and use of a mandrel for rolling and forming the inner
surface of metal tubes, columns, shafts, and other hollow cylindrical work, consisting
of a mandrel rod having two chambers in each of which is a pair of rolls, which
pairs are arranged at right angles to each other, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
2nd. The manufacture and use of rolling mills having two pairs of exterior rolls,
working in connection with a mandrel having two chambers on a mandrel rod
provided with pairs of rolls, substantially as and for the purposes described.
In witness whereof I the said Charles Kellogg have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty first day of December in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
CHARLES, KELLOGG (L.S.)