IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR PRODUCING SURFACES OF WOOD OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL." MOULDINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Simpson, of Hulme, in the County of Lancaster;
Pattern Maker and Frame Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR PRODUCING
SURFACES OF WOOD OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL."
MOULDINGS' UPON
Scaled the 31st October 1862, and dated the 28th May 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
May 1862.
I, JAMES SIMPSON, of Hulme, in the County of Lancaster, Pattern Maker-
and Frame Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR PRODUCING MOULD-
INGS UPON SURFACES OF WOOD OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
The Invention is more particularly applicable to the manufacture of
"mouldings" by hand, but steam or other power may also be applied to the
apparatus. The machinery or apparatus consists in a heavy bar of metal or
wood, supported upon a shaft at the centre of its length, such shaft having
bearings in a suitable framing. At one or each end of this bar or block a
blade or cutter is secured, so formed as to cut the material under operation.

page_text: into the form or moulding required, the bar being caused to rotate by means
of a handle on the central shaft, a self-acting feeding apparatus being provided
to propel the wood. The action of the cutters upon the material partakes of
a chipping nature, that is, cutting in a similar manner to an adze, the chief
feature of the Invention being the distance of the cutters from the centre of
support, whereby more leverage is obtained and greater steadiness effected in
the cutting, the high velocity of revolution not being required as in smaller
revolving cutters.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Simpson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th November 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SIMPSON, of Hulme, in the County of Lancaster, Pattern Maker and Frame
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Simpson, Her special license that I, the said James
Simpson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said James Simpson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR PRODUCING MOULD-
INGS UPON SURFACES OF WOOD OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL," upon the condition,
amongst others, that I, the said James Simpson, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, 'should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Simpson, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
The Invention is more particularly applicable in the manufacture of
"mouldings" by hand, but steam or other power may also be applied to the
apparatus. The machinery or apparatus consists in a heavy bar of metal. or.
wood, supported upon a shaft at the centre of its length, such shaft having
bearings in a suitable framing. At one or each end of this bar or block a
blade or cutter is secured, so formed as to cut the material under operation
into the form or moulding required, the bar being caused to rotate by means
of a handle on the centre shaft, a self-acting feeding apparatus being provided
to propel the wood. The action of the cutters upon the material partakes of
a chipping nature, the chief feature in the Invention being the distance of the
cutters from the centre of support, whereby more leverago is obtained, and
greater steadiness effected in the cutting, the high velocity of revolution not
being required as in smaller revolving cutters.
In order that the Invention may be better understood, and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings, made upon a scale of
about two and a half inches to a foot, similar letters of reference being marked
upon corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine employed for cutting the moulding;
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, shewing the position of the cutters on the
revolving bar, so arranged that each cutter is apportioned to one-half of the
width of the wood; this view also exhibits one portion of the wood plain, as
before being acted upon by the cutters, and another portion as cut into the
form known as "mouldings." Fig. 3 is an end view of the same; and Fig. 4
is a detached view of the bar or block containing the cutters.
In Fig. 1, a, a, is the framing of the machine which supports the main
driving shaft b, upon which the bar c is keyed or otherwise secured, the
cutters d, d, being bolted to the said bar at each extremity. The main shaft b
is driven by means of the handle e, e, through the multiplying gearing f, f, and
the diminishing gearing 9, 9, receives motion from the pinion on the main shaft
and imparts a slow rotatory motion to the grooved roller h, which has bearings
in the bars i, i. This roller is kept in contact with the surface to be cut k,
and tightened thereupon by the screws and nuts 1, 1, so that as the roller h
rotates it slowly propels the wood beneath the cutters, the clamp or guide m
retaining the moulded surface in a proper position, as it imerges from the
action of the cutters.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark, in con-

page_text: clusion, that I am aware that revolving cutters have been arranged at a short
distance from a central shaft, and driven rapidly by steam power to effect the
cutting; but I wish it to be distinctly understood that I claim as of my
Invention, an arrangement and construction of machinery wherein the cutters
are set.at a greater distance from the centre of support and revolution in order
to obtain sufficient leverage and cutting power, and adapted to produce
mouldings" by hand where steam power cannot be obtained, as herein-before
described, set forth, and fully illustrated in in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Simpson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
JAMES SIMPSON. (L.S.)