Improvements in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1891-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
I, OTTO WEISS, of No. 21, Nordstrasse, Köln-Nippes, Germany, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to an improved method of producing the combustible
gaseous charges from petroleum or other oil for driving petroleum or oil motor
engines, and to the construction of such engines for this purpose.
The said method consists mainly in causing a portion of the burning combustible
charge in the engine cylinder, at the moment of the greatest development of
pressure and heat, to effect the conversion of the oil required for the next com-
bustible charge into vapour, which is then at once utilized. in the engine. The
means preferably employed for effecting this operation is an injector apparatus
which, being supplied with the said portion of the highly heated combustion gases
in the cylinder, draws in the liquid oil and, by means of the great heat present,
converts the same consecutively into spray and then into combustible vapour.
I will proceed to .describe the means of carrying out my said invention with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 shews the same applied
by way of example to a single acting motor engine working with a cycle of four
strokes, that is to say, with suction, compressing, working and expelling strokes.
I will only describe such parts of the said engine as refer to my invention. a is
a valve which, when the engine is at work, is held closed by a slightly less load
than that due to the greatest pressure produced in the engine by the combustion of
the charge. In place of such valve might be used a slide.
The valve a is provided with a known arrangement whereby, when required, it
may be more or less relieved of pressure, which arrangement is requisite for start-
ing the engine. All the other valves or slides for controlling the admission of
vapour and air to the cylinder and the discharge of the products of combustion
therefrom are arranged and operate as in ordinary motor engines of this kind.
is an injector, the pressure pipe of which communicates with a receptacle c, while
the suction pipe communicates with a vessel d filled with the heavy oil such as
petroleum, and the blast nozzle communicates with a chamber on the outer side of
the valve a.
The operation of the engine is as follows.
On starting the engine, air drawn in during the first upstroke, and is forced
by the return stroke through valve a to the nozzle of the injector, whereby
petroleum will be drawn out of vessel d and forced as spray mixed with air into
the receptacle c. On the following upstroke the mixture of petroleum spray or
vapour and air will be drawn from receptacle c into the cylinder, and this charge
will be compressed by the following return stroke, after which it will be fired by
any suitable known igniting device.
The valve a having now been fully loaded, the engine will operate as follows:
The piston will be made to perforin its working upstroke by the expansion of
the gases resulting from the combustion; at the moment when the greatest pressure
is attained, these gases force open valve a and a small portion thereof passes
through the blast nozzle of the injector b, thereby drawing another charge of oil
from d and in converting the same first into spray and then into vapour by the heat
of the gases, forces the same into the receptacle C. On the following return stroke,
the combustion gases are expelled from the cylinder, and at the next upstroke the
piston will draw in a fresh combustible charge from the receptacle c, and so on.
It will be seen from the above that the temporarily relieving of the valve a¸ of

page_text: its load at the commencement of working is necessary in order to enable it to be
opened by the less pressure of the compressed air at the end of the first compres-
sing stroke, as described, as the full load which has to keep the valve shut until
the highest pressure is attained during the working stroke, would be too great to
allow of such opening.
In applying the invention to two combined double acting cylinders, having their
strokes arranged to alternate, as shewn at Fig. 2, there are four combustion
chambers arranged between the two cylinders in such manner that a central space
is formed between them in which may be arranged the igniting device. The
chamber with injector 61 communicates with the end of the one cylinder, that
with injector with the end o of the other cylinder 63 with the end p, and with
the end m.
Fig. 3 shews an arrangement of four single acting cylinders, the injectors being
so arranged that the working outstroke of m causes the injector to produce the
combustible charge for cylinder n, the working stroke of which causes injector 2
to produce the combustible charge for cylinder o, and so on.
Instead of employing four injectors 61 62 63 64 for working the engines at
Figs. 2 and 3, such working may be effected by a single injector, as will be readily
understood from the following statement of the action of the four pistons in these
figures.

page_text: b. NORMAL WORKING.
At the following two revolutions the normal working will take place as follows:
charging expelling working
II
compressing
compressing charging expelling working
III working compressing charging expelling
IV expelling working compressing charging
These cycles then continue in regular rotation.
It will be seen that as there is only one injector in operation at each half revolu-
tion, a single injector with a single receptacle e would suffice if the injector were
suitably connected with cach of the four valves a, Fig. 1, and if the receptacle
were also provided with suitable passages with check valves leading to the inlets of
cach of the cylinder spaces or cylinders m n o p
C
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In petroleum or oil motor engines, the method of producing combustible
vapour from petroleum or other heavy oils, by causing a portion of the hot com-
bustion gases to pass from the cylinder at the moment of maximum pressure through
an injector which is caused thereby to draw in a quantity of petroleum and to
convert the same into spray and vapour by the, combined pressure and heat,
substantially as described.
2. A four stroke cycle petroleum or oil motor engine wherein the combustible
vapour is produced by causing a portion of the hot combustion gases in the cylinder
at the moment of maximum pressure to open a suitably loaded valve a and in
passing through an injector b, to draw in petroleum and convert it into vapour,
which is projected into a receptacle e for supplying the cylinder with combustible
charges, substantially as described with reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings.
3. A petroleum or oil motor engine consisting either of two double acting
cylinders as described with reference to Figure 2, or of four single acting cylinders,
as described with reference to Fig. 3, in which a charge of combustible vapour,
produced by the action of a portion of the high pressure combustion gases con-
tained in one cylinder or cylinder space, such as m, upon an injector communicating
with an oil supply, is forced by the injector into another cylinder or cylinder space,
such as n, where it forms, together with air, the next combustible charge to be
compressed and then fired."
Dated this 23rd day of February 1891.
ABEL & INRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.