IMPROVE- MENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City
of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES."-A communication from Joel Smith, of
Northbridge, in the County of Worcester, in the State of Massachusetts,
in the United States of America.
Sealed the 21st April 1857, and dated the 21st February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st February 1857.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES," a communication from Joel Smith, of
Northbridge, in the County of Worcester, in the State of Massachusetts, in
the United States of America, to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to certain improvements in what is known as the
"Niagara throstle" or ring and traveller" arrangement, whereby a uniform
twist and stretch is obtained, and an increased quantity of yarn spun in a
given time.
The improvements consist in communicating a gradually accellerated motion
(proportionate to the gradually increasing diameter of the bobbin) to the
delivery rollers which give out the yarn to the bobbins. I accomplish this by
means of two cone pullies, and driving belt with a simple self-acting con-

page_text: trivance for traversing the belt along the pullies, so as to communicate a
gradually increasing speed from the main drum or cylinder to the delivery
rollers proportionate to the increasing diameter of the bobbins. A worm on
one of the roller spindles imparts motion to a worm wheel, which actuates
through the gearing a pall, the object of which is to rotate a screw spindle
upon which the strap guide works, and so cause tho guide to travel slowly
along the cone pullies, and carry with it the driving band. Motion is imparted
to the two sets of rollers on each side of the frame, by a suitable band passing
under the upper one of the cone pullies, and running in a groove formed
therein for that purpose.
SPECIFICATION. in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in. the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and
of 166, Buchanan Street,. in the City of Glasgow, North-Britain, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent,, bearing dato the Twenty-first day of February,, in the-year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred, and: fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Henry Johnson, Her special license that I, the said John
Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors; administrators; or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINES," a communication from Joel Smith; of
Northbridge, in the County of Worcester, in the State of Massachusetts,
in the United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo_per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to certain improvements in what is known as the
"Niagara throstle" or "ring traveller" arrangement,, whereby a uniform twist
and stretch is obtained, and an increased quantity of yarn spun in a given
time. The improvements consist in communicating a gradually accelerated
motion (proportionate to the gradually increasing diameter of the bobbin) to
the delivery rollers which give out the yarn to the bobbins. I accomplish this
by means of two coue pullies and driving belt, with a simple self-acting
contrivance for traversing the belt along the pullies, so as to communicate a
gradually increasing speed to the delivery rollers proportionate to the increasing
diameter of the bobbins. A worm on one of tho roller spindles imparts
motion to a worm wheel, which actuates through other gearing a pall, the
object of which is to rotate a screw spindle upon which the strap guide works,
and so cause the guide to travel slowly along the cone pullies, and carry with
it the driving band. Motion is imparted to the two sets of rollers on each side
of the frame, by a suitable band passing under the upper one of the two conc
pullies, and running in a groove formed therein for that purpose.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed; the
same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents an elevation of one end of a spinning
frame with my improvement attached thereto; Figure 2 is a plan of the same;
Figure 3 is a side elevation of my improvements; Figure 4 is an elevation of
a spindle with a filled bobbin, and ring and traveller in section; Figure 5 is
an elevation of a bobbin; Figure 6 is a diagram to be referred to hereafter,
It is a common objection to the ring and traveller spinning frame, which
otherwise is considered a superior machine, that from the greater draft or
stretch of the yarn winding on to the bobbin when nearly empty, and also
from the increased diameter of the bobbin when nearly full, the twist of the
yarn is not uniform being greater when the bobbin is full.
By reference to the Diagram Figure 6, it will be seen that if the yarn, as
shown by the red lino a', were drawn through the traveller to the axis of the
bobbin, it would stretch till it broke, but the traveller would have no tendency

page_text: to move round the ring. The red line a" shows the position of the yarn
when winding on to the empty bobbin; but it is evident that the draft or
stretch of the yarn is greater, therefore there will be fewer twists in a given
length of yarn than when being wound on to the full bobbin, as shewn by tho
red line a The other cause of variation in twist from the increased
diameter of the bobbin will be evident from the following statement:-The
number of revolutions of the bobbin must, during the time the rolls are
giving off a certain length of yarn, be equal to the sum of the number of
twists required in that given length, and to the number of revolutions of the
bobbin required to wind up that length of yarn; now it will easily be scen
that when the bobbin is nearly empty, and therefore small in diameter, it will
use up a greater number of its revolutions for winding on a given quantity of
yarn than when it is full, consequently there will be a less number of revolutions
left to twist that given quantity, and the result of course will be a less number
of twists in such quantity than when the bobbin is nearly full. There has
been heretofore no provision made in this class of machinery to meet these
variations, but the rollers have been made to give out the yarn with a uniform
velocity; hence my improvement not only provides for a uniform twist and
stretch, by causing the rolls to give out the yarn at an uniformly increasing
speed, corresponding to the increase of the diameter of the bobbin, but enables
nie to increase the quantity of yarn spun in a given time, and improve the
quality. A is the cylinder from which the spindles and bobbins are driven,
the axle of which has its bearings in the frame B. To this frame is secured
the bracket C, in which is fixed the stud D, carrying the cone pulley E; upon
the axle of the cylinder A, is secured another coñe pulley F; these cone
pullies E and F, are of such proportions that a belt passing from F to E may,
when made to traverse from the smaller to the larger end of F, communicate
meanwhile a constantly accelerated motion to E, proportionate, to the varying
diameter of the bobbins as they fill. A belt passing around the pulley G, on
the end of the cone E, actuates the pullies H and I, which drive the rolls
through the intervening gearing, as shown in the Drawing. On the shaft of
one of the rolls J is a worm K, which drives the worm wheel L, connected by
the shaft M with the pinion O, which pinion in its turn drives the bevil
wheel P. This wheel P carries a number of pins Q, which as the wheel
revolves tilt the lever R pivoted to the arm S projecting from the frame. To
the opposite end of this lever R is attached the pall T, which acts on the
ratchet wheel U, so that every time the lever is tilted by one of the pins pass-
ing it, this ratchet wheel moves on one or more teeth, and with it is turned
the screw V, to which it is attached. This screw is supported in bearings in

page_text: the lower part of the bracket C, and drives the nut W, to which are attached
the forks for moving the belt along the cones, and also an arm projecting
downwards through a slot in the horizontal part of the bracket C, to prevent
the nut from turning with the screw. The proportions of the gearing and
pitch of screw are so arranged as to give the requisite amount of traverse
motion to the belt. To adapt the regulating movement to different sized
yarns, it is only necessary to change the fulcrum of the lever R, so that tho
pall T shall be made to pall a greater or less number of teeth at each stroke,
which may easily be done by slotting the arms S and lever R, or by increasing
or decreasing the number of pins in the wheel P, or by using any other
convenient mechanical contrivance for varying the extent of the traverso
motion of the belt upon the cones.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of the said Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general construction, arrangement, and combination of mecha-
nism for spinning yarns as herein-before described.
the
Second, the system or mode of regulating the twist and draft or stretch of
yarn à in ring and traveller spinning machines, by communicating a motion
gradually accelerating, in proportion to the gradually increasing diameter of
the bobbin, to the rolls which give out the yarn to the bobbins, as heroin-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of August, One thousand eight
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.B.)