IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW SWAGING MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick John Cheesbrough of the Office for Patents
15 Water Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster Consulting Engineer
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW SWAGING MACHINES"
communicated to him from abroad by Stephen A Davis and Robert Blake
both residing at Newark County of Essex State of New Jersey United States
of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1883.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15 Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCREW SWAGING MACHINES [communicated to him from abroad by Stephen
A Davis and Robert Blake both residing at Newark County of Essex State of New
Jersey United States of America]
This Invention consists of an improved screw swaging machine the con-
struction and operation of which will be readily understood from the following
description.
According to this Invention the screw shank is held by a split chuck carried by
a rotating and reciprocating sleeve, which is set in a reciprocating head block
operated by a crank pin set between a pair of crank wheels or dises and connected
to the head block by means of a connecting rod. The split chuck is made to open
and close upon the screw blank by means of a slot cam in which it is made to move
by the motion of the head block, the chuck being drawn back into the sleeve and
upon the blank when the head block is at the end of its outstroke. The slot cam
imparting to the chuck a motion endwise by which it is thrust out and drawn
back into the sleeve by the reciprocating motion of the head block. To give the
sleeve a rotating motion, cogs are cut in its periphery into which a cog wheel
gears. The cogs in the sleeve being made in length equal to the width of the
cog wheel plus the distance the sleeve is to travel end wise. The reciprocating, or
endwise motion of the sleeve is obtained by means of a screw thread cut on its
En

page_text: rear end and made to screw into a corresponding thread cut in the head block, the
sleeve being thus made to move endwise at the same time it is made to rotate
about its own axis. The rotary motion of the sleeve is transmitted from a cog
rack bolted to the frame of the machine and into which gears a pinion wheel upon
the end of a shaft, upon which the wheel is also fixed, and which has its journal
bearing in the head block by which it is carried By these means it will be seen
that by the motion of the crank the head block will be given a reciprocating
motion, the pinion a reciprocating and rotary notion in the cog rack, which motion
will also be imparted to the cog wheel which will in its turn impart a rotary
motion and an end wise motion to the sleeve at the same time it is reciprocating
with the head block. These several parts and motions being understood, assume
the screw blank to be clamped in the split chuck. The head block as it is moved
forward by the crank will carry the screw blank over a long stationary swaging
die hereafter described, which is set in position by the shank of the screw blank,
at the same time the blank will be rotated by the action of the cog wheel on the
cogged sleeve, and moved back end wise by the screw thread before spoken of, or
equivalent device adjusted to give the desired pitch to the thread to be cut in the
screw blank.
Having thus provided for holding the screw blank and giving it the proper
motion over the stationary swaging die, there is used a corresponding dié which is
The cutting
set into a slide bearing exactly opposite the stationary swaging die.
edges of the two dies are adjusted at a proper angle to each other to form the
desired thread on the screw.
Having thus made and adjusted the second mentioned die there is imparted to
it a reciprocating motion over the stationary die by means of a crank forming part
of a crank wheel by a connecting rod, which causes the second die to travel far
enough each way over the stationary die to clear the discharge holes through which
the screw drops when it is discharged out of the holding clamp.
Now let the machine be in position so that the head block is at the end of its
instroke and let the head block move forward carrying the screw blank over the
stationary die. The second, or moving die will also move forward upon the screw
blank compressing it between the two dies and swaging the thread on it by the
pressure of the dies and the motion of the screw blank, the finished screw being
discharged when it reaches the opposite end of the stationary die by the action of
the slot cam.
The chuck is then thrust forward so as to allow the clamp to spring
open and release the screw. As soon as the screw is discharged the head block
commences its return motion a succeeding blank drops in place and the operation
is repeated ad infinitum.
In the operation above described it will be observed that the chuck moves back
end wise with the sleeve and is thus made to retain the blank, notwithstanding the
endwise motion of the sleeve, the sleeve and chuck moving together until the
thread is formed, the cam then throwing the chuck forward and releasing the screw.
It is not considered necessary to describe the arrangement of feeding the screw
blanks to the clamp as it forms no part of this Invention. It is however necessary
to add that the slot cam is cut in two long stationary blocks set far enough
apart to allow the body of the chuck to travel between them, the head of the
chuck only travelling into the grooves forming the cam, thus leaving the upper end
of the chuck always open to receive the screw blanks.
metal screws.
In concluding this Specification it may be observed that the Invention is quite
as applicable to the manufacture of screw bolts as to wood screws and the Invention
embraces the forming in the manner herein described the thread on all sorts of
The features that distinguish this screw swaging machine from all
others of its class is found in the fact that the thread is swaged between the top
and bottom die, each of which has a single edge corresponding with the form of
the thread, both dies being set on the same plane and the pitch of the thread being
formed by the mechanism which carries the screw blanks. In this machine only
one convolution of the thread is cut at each revolution of the screw blank and the

page_text: pitch of that convolution is not formed by the dies, but by the machinery that
carries the blanks. The blank has a rotating and a lateral movement independent
of the dies that swage the thread and that govern the formation of the thread.
The chuck that carries the screw blank may of course be modified in a variety
of ways, thus for example instead of making the clamp open when pushed forward
by a cam a clamp may be employed which is forced back by a spring as soon as it
reaches the end of the die, thus instantly releasing the screw.
A modification of the swaging dies may consist of two rotating dies in combi-
nation with an adjustable reciprocating die carried by a die block, the rotating dies
are carried by an adjustable block and are arranged to rotate freely about their
own axes, taking their motion from the action of the reciprocating die upon the
screw blank.
The chuck that carries the screw blank in this case bas a recipro-
cating motion to carry the screw blank in and out of the die, which is obtained by
a screw thread in the head block and by a cog and rack.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick John Cheesbrough in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd July 1883.
FREDERICK JOHN CHEESBROUGH, of the Office for Patents, 15 Water Street,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCREW SWAGING MACHINES"-A Communication to me from abroad by Stephen
A. Davies and Robert Blake, both residing at Newark, County of Essex, State of
New Jersey, United States of America
The following is a description of the Invention in such full, clear concise and
exact terms, as will enable anyone skilled in the art to which the same belongs, or
with which it is most nearly connected to make and use the same, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings making part of this Specification and to the
letters and figures of reference marked thereon.
Figures 1 and 2 of said Drawings are vertical longitudinal sections through said
machine, both taken upon the same plane, but showing the machine set in opposite
positions. Figures 3 and 4 are both top views of the machine but showing it set
in opposite positions Figure 3 corresponding to Figure 5 and Figure 4 to Figure 2.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the right hand end of the machine showing it in the
position it appears in Figure 2. Figures 6 and 7 are several views of thread
swaging dies hereinafter more fully described.
This Invention consists of an improved screw swaging machine, the construction
and operation of which will be readily understood from the following description,
the points of novelty being designated in the claims concluding this Specification.
Reference being had to Figure 2 of the Drawings O is a screw shauk held by a
split chuck N carried by a rotating and reciprocating sleeve M set in a recipro-
cating head block C operated by a crank pin V set between a pair of crank wheels T
and connected to the head block by means of the connecting rod S. The split
chuck N is made to open and close upon the screw blank by means of a slot cam G
in which it is made to move by the motion of the head block, the chuck being
drawn back into the sleeve and upon the blank when the machine is in the position
shown by the Figures referred to, the cam G imparting to the chuck a motion end-
wise, by which it is thrust out and drawn back into the sleeve by the reciprocating
motion of the head block C. To give the sleeve M a rotating motion cogs M' are
cut in its periphery into which the cog wheel A gears; the cogs in the sleeve being
made in length equal to the width of the wheel A, plus the distance the sleeve
to travel endwise. The reciprocating or endwise motion of the sleeve is obtained
by means of a screw thread K cut on its rear end and made to screw into a
corresponding thread cut in the head block C, the sleeve being thus made to move
endwise at the same time it is made to rotate about its own axis. The rotary
motion of the sleeve M is transmitted from a cog rack G¹ bolted to the frame of the
machine and into which gears a pinion wheel E upon the end of a shaft B upon
which the wheel A is also fixed and which has its journal bearing in the head
block C by which it is carried. By these means it will be seen that by the motion
of the crank V the head block C will be given a reciprocating motion the pinion E
a reciprocating and rotary motion in the cog rack G¹ which motion will also be
imparted to the wheel A, which will in its turn impart rotary motion and an
endwise motion to the sleeve M at the same time it is reciprocating with the head
block These several parts and motions being understood, assume the screw blank
to be clamped in the position shown by Figure 2. The head block, as it is moved
forward by the crank V will carry the screw blank over the long stationary

page_text: swaging die Q and at the same time the blank will be rotated by the cog wheel A
and moved back end wise by the screw thread K, or other device adjusted to give
the desired pitch to the thread to be cut in the screw blanks.
Having thus provided for holding the screw blank and giving it the proper
motion over the stationary swaging die Q' we make a corresponding die Q and set
it into a slide bearing exactly opposite the disc Q as shown in Figure 5, adjusting
the cutting edges of the two dies at a proper angle in relation to each other to
form the desired thread on the screw.
Having thus made and adjusted the die Q we impart to it a reciprocating motion
over the die Q by means of a crank W set in a crank wheel T" and a connecting
rod S₁ causing the die Q to travel far enough each way over the die Q to clear
the dischargo holes R through which the screw drops when it is discharged out of
the clamp N.
Now let the machine be in the position shown by Figure 2 and let the head
block move forward carrying the screw blank over the die Q', the die Q will also
move forward upon the screw blank compressing it between the two dies and
swaging the thread on it by the pressure of the dies and the motion of the screw
blank, the finished screw being discharged when it reaches the opposite end of the
die Q by the cam G, the chuck N being then thrust forward in the position shown
by Figure 1. allowing the clamp to spring open and release the screw. As soon as
the screw is discharged the head block commences its return motion, a succeeding
blank drops in place and the operation is repeated ad infinitum.
screw
In the operation above described it will be observed that the chuck N moves
back endwise with the sleeve and is thus made to retain the blank notwithstanding
the end wise motion of the sleeve; the sleeve and chuck moving together until the
thread is formed the cam then throwing the chuck forward and releasing the
The arrangement of feeding the screw blanks in the clamp is not shown in
the Drawing, as it forms no part of the Invention, making the subject matter of
this specification. It is proper to add however that the slot cam G is cut in two
long stationary blocks set far enough apart to allow the body J of the chuck to
travel between them, the head L of the chuck only travelling into the grooves
forming the cam, thus leaving the upper end of the chuck always open to receive
the screw blanks.
By Figures 6 and 7 of the Drawings are shown the dies in detail, which may
be made in the form shown, or of such other form as may be required to carry out
the purpose of the Invention.
In concluding this Specification it will be observed that the Invention is quite
as applicable to the manufacture of screw bolts as to wood screws and it is intended
to embrace in the following claims the above described method of making the thread
on all sorts of metal screws. The features that distinguish this screw swaging
machine from all others of its class is found in the fact that the thread is swaged
between the top and bottom die, each of which has a single thread edge
corresponding with the form of the thread, both dies being set on the same plane
and the pitch of the thread being formed by the mechanism which carries the screw
blanks. In this machine only one convolution of the thread is cut at each revolution
of the screw blank, and the pitch of that convolution is not formed by the dies,
but by the machinery that carries the blank. The blank has a rotating and a
lateral movement independent of the dies that swage the thread and that govern
the formation of the thread.
The chuck that carries the screw blank may of course be modified in a variety
of ways; thus for example instead of making the clamp open, when pushed
forward by a cam one may be employed which is forced back by a spring as soon
as it reaches the end of the dies thus instantly releasing the screw
The chuck that carries the screw blank may of course be modified in a variety of
ways; thus for example instead of making the clamp open when pushed forward
by a cam, one may be employed which is forced back by a spring as soon as it
reaches the end of the die, thus instantly releasing the screw.

page_text: A modification of the swaging dies is shown by Figure 8 of the Drawing
consisting of two rotating dies a a in combination with an adjustable reciprocating
die d carried by a die block c; the dies a are carried by an adjustable block b and
are arranged to rotate freely about their own axis taking their motion from the
action of the die d upon the screw blank x as is clearly illustrated by the Drawing.
The chuck e that carries the screw blank in this case has a reciprocating motion to
carry the screw blank in and out of the die obtained by the screw thread in the
block and the cog and rack ghi and j. all of which will be readily understood
upon reference to the Drawings.
Having thus described this Invention, what I claim as the Invention com-
municated to me by my Foreign Correspondents is :-
First In a screw swaging machine two thread swaging dies one moving opposite
the other and each having a single edge by which a crease is swaged in the blank
in combination with a blank chuck having a rotating and a lateral endwise
motion, by which the crease is made in the form of a helix, or a screw thread on
the blank.
Second In a screw swaging machine the combination of a reciprocating head
block (C) a chuck (N) a chuck sleeve (M) and a chuck cam (G,) the several parts
coacting substantially as described.
Third In a screw swaging machine the combination of a reciprocating head
block (C), a clamping device (N) for the screw blank and a stationary cam (G) to
operate the clamping device substantially, as described.
Fourth In a screw swaging machine the combination of a stationary cog
rack (G¹) a stationary cam (G,) a reciprocating head block (C) carrying a clamping
chuck (M) and a cog and pinion wheel (A E), the several parts coacting substan-
tially as described.
Fifth In a screw swaging machine the combination of rotating dies (a a) with
a reciprocating die (d) and a screw chuck (e) the several parts coacting substantially
as described for the purpose specified.
In Witness whereof, I, the said Frederick John Cheesbrough, have hereunto
set my hand and seal this twenty first day of July in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
FREDERICA JOHN CHEESDA
GH (L.S.)