IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF FITTINGS OR PARTS OF RAILWAY WAGONS FOR CARRYING LIVE STOCK
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton
Buildings, London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND ARRANGEMENT OF FITTINGS OR PARTS OF RAILWAY WAGONS FOR
CARRYING LIVE STOCK." A communication from abroad by James
Montgomery, of Chicago, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1880.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF FITTINGS
OR PARTS OF RAILROAD WAGONS FOR CARRYING LIVE STOCK." [A communication
from abroad by James Montgomery, of Chicago, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to novel features of construction and arrangement of
parts of a stock car for facilitating feeding and watering the stock, and for
separating or stalling the same to prevent injury thereto during transportation, and
also to enable the car to be readily and quickly changed from a single deck car
adapted for the transportation of larger animals, as horses and cattle, to a double
deck car adapted to transport smaller animals, as sheep and hogs, thereby
economizing the space in the upper part of the car which would be wasted in the
transportation of smaller animals if no such intermediate deck were employed.
The Invention consists partly in securing upright or wall posts permanently to
the outer side of the sills or floor frame bars by means of metal socket pieces,
whereby greater strength is attained, and the enclosed space of the car room of
greater dimensions is secured than would be practicable by the usual construction.
Also in providing longitudinal feed bins at the top of the car, having partitions
separating the storing compartment for the grain from a feed chute compartment
leading to feed troughs, to be herein after described, the said chute having an
independent lid beneath the lid which covers both compartments.
Also in the employment of feed bins extended length-wise of the car, and having
storing and feed chute compartments separated by a longitudinal partition, the said
feed chute compartments filling the entire space between the wall post of the car,
and provided with valves at their bottom connected with a pivotted shaft for
actuating them all simultaneously.

page_text: Also in providing a car with water and feed troughs arranged above and removed
from the floor thereof, and having discharge openings or outlets in their bottoms in
combination with slides provided with spouts to be brought by longitudinal
movement of the said slides into coincidence with the said discharge openings,
whereby all of the feed troughs of one series can be simultaneously closed or
opened, and their contents discharged at the side of the car and clear thereof.
Also in providing flexible partition strips to separate or form stalls for the animals,
the said strips being permanently secured at their ends to fastening rods adapted
to be placed in sockets at the sides of the car, and which project at one end beyond
the edge of the said strips to separate them from the floor and from each other
when placed vertically above one another.
Also in the employment of flexible partition strips attached to fastening rods,
combined with slotted socket pieces adapted to receive the said rods, and attached
to the wall posts or sides of the car.
Also in providing socket pieces made substantially cylindrical in form, in
combination with the projecting ends of the fastening rods attached to the
partition strips, to form a pivotting or hinge connection of the strip to the side of
the car.
Also in providing a stock car with a series of feed troughs mounted on a rock
shaft extended through the sidewalls of the said car in combination with a disc or
hand wheel on the said rock shaft provided with a series of perforations and a
socket piece and retaining pins to hold the said wheel and rock shaft at any
desired angular position.
Also in supplying longitudinal metallic girders rigidly secured to the side wall
posts of the car in combination with removable joists slotted at their ends to
engage and be supported by the said girders, and provided with shoulders to abut
against the sheathing of the side walls of the car to form a support for an
intermediate floor or deck, and at the same time unite and strengthen the side
walls of the car.
Also in providing a car with longitudinal metallic girders rigidly secured to the
side wall posts of the said car, and provided with hinged extensions crossing the
doorways, and adapted to be swung out of the way when the middle deck of
the car is not in use.
Also in the employment of the removable padded joists for the support of the
removable middle deck in combination with side supporting bars and fastening
devices adapting said joists to be used as adjustable partitions for stalling the
animals.
Also in providing a car with the flooring forming the removable middle deck
composed of hinged sections, the outer ones of which are hinged to and fold up
against the side wall-posts, the inner ones being hinged to said outer sections and
folding up against the roof of the car.
Also in providing the car with cross tie rods just beneath the roof, and having
pendant loops for the reception of the removable middle deck supporting joists to
enable them to be conveniently stored when not in use.
Also in the combination with the sections of the folding middle deck floor of
hinges for uniting the said sections to one another and to the wall posts, the said
hinges having the interlocking ears provided with elongated slots permitting play
of the parts on the connecting pins.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st June 1881.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, Patent Agent, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF FITTINGS OR
PARTS OF RAILROAD WAGONS FOR CARRYING LIVE STOCK," A communication
from abroad by James Montgomery, of Chicago, United States of America.
This Invention relates to novel features of construction and arrangement of parts
of a stock car for facilitating, feeding, and watering the stock, and for separating
or stalling the same to prevent injury thereto during transportation, and also to
enable the car to be readily and quickly changed from a single deck car adapted
for the transportation of larger animals, as horses and cattle, to a double decked car
adapted to transport smaller animals, as sheep and hogs, thereby economizing the
space in the upper part of the car, which would be wasted in the transportation of
smaller animals if no such intermediate deck were employed.
The Invention consists partly in securing upright or wall posts permanently
to the outer side of the sills or floor frame bars by means of metal socket
pieces whereby greater strength is attained, and the enclosed space of the car
room of greater dimensions is secured than would be practicable by the usual
construction.
Also in providing longitudinal feed bins at the top of the car, having partitions
separating the storing compartment for the grain from a feed chute compartment
leading to feed troughs to be hereinafter described, the said chute having an
independent lid beneath the lid which covers both compartments.
Also in the employment of feed bins extended lengthwise of the car, and having
storing and feed chute compartments separated by a longitudinal partition, the
said feed chute compartments filling the entire space between the wall post of the
car, and provided with valves at their bottom connected with a pivotted shaft for
actuating them all simultaneously.
Also in providing a car with water and feed troughs arranged above and removed
from the floor thereof, and having discharge openings or outlets in their bottoms, in
combination with slides provided with spouts to be brought by longitudinal
movement of the said slides into coincidence with the said discharge openings, whereby
all of the feed troughs of one series can be simultaneously closed or opened, and
their contents discharged at the side of the car and clear thereof.
Also in providing flexible partition strips to separate or form stalls for the
animals, the said strips being permanently secured at their ends to fastening rods
adapted to be placed in sockets at the sides of the car, and which project at one
end beyond the edge of the said strips to separate them from the floor and from
each other, when placed vertically above one another.
Also in the employment of flexible partition strips attached to fastening rods,
combined with slotted socket pieces adapted to receive the said rods and attached to
the wall posts or sides of the car.
Also in providing socket pieces made substantially cylindrical in form in
combination with the projecting ends of the fastening rods attached to the
partition strips; to form a pivotting or hinge connection of the strip to the side of
the car.
Also in providing a stock car with a series of feed troughs mounted on a rock
shaft extended through the sidewalls of the said car in combination with a disc or
hand wheel on the said rock shaft provided with a series of perforations, and a
socket piece and retaining pins to hold the said wheel and rock shaft at any
desired angular position.

page_text: Also in supplying longitudinal metallic girders rigidly secured to the side wall
posts of the car in combination with removable joists slotted at their ends, to
engage and be supported by the said girders, and provided with shoulders to abut
against the sheathing of the side walls of the car to form a support for an
intermediate floor or deck, and at the same time unite and strengthen the side
walls of the car.
Also in providing a car with longitudinal metallic girders rigidly secured to the
side wall posts of the said car, and provided with hinged extensions crossing the
doorways and adapted to be swung out of the way when the middle deck of the
car is not in use.
Also in the employment of the removable padded joists for the support of the
removable middle deck in combination with side supporting bars and fastening
devices, adapting said joists to be used as adjustable partitions for stalling the
animals.
Also in providing a car with the flooring forming the removable middle deck
composed of hinged sections, the outer ones of which are hinged to and fold up
against the side wall-posts, the inner ones being hinged to said outer sections and
folding up against the roof of the car.
Also in providing the car with cross tie rods just beneath the roof and having
pendant loops for the reception of the removable middle deck supporting joists to
enable them to be conveniently stored when not in use.
Also in the combination with the sections of the folding middle deck floor, of
hinges for uniting the said sections to one another and to the wall posts, the said
binges having the interlocking cars provided with elongated slots permitting play
of the parts on the connecting pins.
In the Drawings accompanying and forming part of this Specification,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a single deck stock car to be used only for
large animals, with these improvements applied; Figure 2 represents the same in
horizontal section; Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section through the same;
Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the construction of the transverse flexible
partitions Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, represent certain details of construction
hereinafter described; Figure 10 is a perspective view of a car arranged to be used
as either a single or double deck car; Figure 11 represents a horizontal section
through the same above the hinged middle deck; Figure 12 is a similar section of
a car having the doors at the centre instead of at the ends; Figure 13 represents a
transverse vertical section through the car; Figure 14 is a longitudinal vertical
section showing the arrangement of the section of the middle deck crossing the
door way at one end; Figure 15 is a longitudinal section through the upper and
lower feed and water troughs; and Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 represent
certain details and modifications hereinafter described.
The longitudinal sills or floor frame bars A, A¹, are connected by transverse bars
in any usual manner. To the outward face of the side bars A are secured angular
metal brackets or sockets a, in which the lower ends of the uprights or wall
posts B are secured, this arrangement obviating the necessity for mortising, and
thereby weakening the sills, as is ordinarily done, and at the same time increasing
the width of the car above the sills by the added width of the posts, as shown.
These posts are ordinarily about eight inches in width, sufficient to accommodate
the feed and water troughs, hereinafter described, and they consequently add about
sixteen inches to the width of the car, thereby increasing the space for and the
consequent comfort of the stock. Aside from the feature above noted the frame of
the body of the car may be of any usual or preferred construction.
The doors Care arranged, by preference, on opposite sides and at opposite ends
of the car, as shown, and by preference also the feeding and watering devices are
arranged to correspond with the arrangement of the doors opposite thereto, and
extending one half the length of the car on opposite sides, as shown, though they
may be made to extend the whole length of the car and upon both sides thereof, if
desired.

page_text: The feed bins D are arranged by preference on the top or roof of the car, extending
longitudinally one half of the length thereof on opposite sides, as shown, but
they may be arranged under the roof where the latter is sufficiently high to
accommodate them, and they may also be extended the whole length of the car
upon both sides thereof, if desired.
These bins are divided by longitudinal partitions D¹ into two compartments
d, d, the former for the storage of feed for the stock during transportation, and
the latter forming a chute through which the feed is passed down into the feed
troughs.
The partition is arranged directly over the inner edges of the wall posts B, and
the latter are sheathed inside and outside at their upper ends to form extensions of
the chute compartments d', as shown, the feed passing down between the wall
posts until it is caught and held by a series of valves e arranged between the wall
posts, and connected at their outer edges with a rock shaft e¹, by means of which
they can be operated simultaneously.
Thus the feed is taken from the compartments d, passed into the chute com-
partments d, and there held upon the valves e until all the compartments d' are
supplied, when by rocking the shaft e¹ by means of a crank arm or lever e² the
valves e are simultaneously thrown down out of the way, and the feed is dropped
into the feed boxes F below.
The partition wall D' is a little shorter than the outer walls of the feed bin
and accommodates a hinged cover d², extending only over the chute compartment,
as shown, and opening outward, while the main cover D2 extends over both
compartments and is hinged to the inner wall of the bin.
By this arrangement the feed chutes are closed while the storing compartments
are being filled, and the position of the covers d² when the feed is being placed in
the chute prevents the feed from being accidentally thrown over the side of the
car, waste being thus prevented in both cases.
The feed and water troughs F may either be made to dump in emptying their
contents, as shown in Figures 1, 3, and 5, or they may be made stationary and
provided with discharge outlets in their bottoms which can be opened or closed at
will, as hereinafter described. In either case they are made in short sections
fitting between the wall posts and of a width conforming thereto, so as not to
project beyond them, as shown in Figure 3, and where pivotted so as to dump
they are secured to a longitudinal shaft F¹, passing underneath them and through
perforations in the wall posts about centrally of their width, all upon the same
side being connected with a single shaft so that they can be operated simul-
taneously. The outer end of this rock-shaft is provided with a hand wheel or disc
by means of which it is operated, and this disc has a number of perforations (see
Figure 1) through any one of which a pin f may be passed into a socket piece g
for holding the troughs at any required adjustment.
Where the troughs are made stationary, as shown in Figure 7, the bottom of
each is perforated about midway of its length to permit the emptying or cleaning
of the trough, and underneath the series of troughs in the same line is a slide h,
perforated at intervals corresponding to the distance between the discharge
openings in the troughs.
This slide passes through central perforations in the intervening wall posts B
(see Figure 7), and is otherwise supported snugly against the bottoms of the
troughs by suitable angular brackets attached to the lower face or sides of the
troughs. Any suitable packing may be employed for making a tight joint between
the trough and slide, and each perforation in the slide may be provided with a
spout h¹ (see Figure 8) turned outward, so as to discharge the water outside clear
of the car.
The slide is connected at one end with a lever H, by means of which the
attendant can simultaneously close or open the discharge outlets in an entire series
of troughs. The water supply pipes I are arranged horizontally under the roof of
the car either inside the wall posts, as shown, or outside of the same, or they may

page_text: pass through perforations in the posts near their upper ends, as preferred. These
are arranged on opposite sides and ends extending half way upon each side, as
shown, or they may extend the entire length of the car on both sides, if desired.
One end of each is turned upward at the end of the car (see Figures 1 and 2),
adapting it to receive water through a hose or pipe connecting it temporarily with
a tank or other source of supply.
The pipe I has a number of pendant distributing pipes i, conforming to the
number of troughs to be supplied. These are placed against the wall posts, or
may be let into them so as to be entirely out of the way, and they terminate in
curved lower ends overhanging the troughs, but sufficiently above the latter, where
dumping troughs are used, to prevent interference with the rocking or dumping of
the troughs.
By this arrangement of supply and distributing pipes they are made to instantly
empty themselves into the troughs when the supply of water is discontinued and all
danger of freezing is effectually obviated. Another advantage of this arrangement
of the pipes is that they are effectually guarded against becoming filled up or
clogged by the feed or other obstructing matter.
The wall posts immediately above the feed and water troughs F, and between
said troughs and the valves at the bottom of the feed chutes d', are left without
the slats or sheathing employed elsewhere, and in lieu thereof one or more
longitudinal rods k are attached to the outward face of the wall posts about evenly
dividing the open space thus left in the sheathing.
This allows the stock to get at the feed or water in the troughs, as their horns
can pass through the side of the car either above or below the rod k as need be,
while at the same time the rod effectually prevents them from thrusting their
heads through. This is regarded as important, as in the feeding arrangements
heretofore employed, so far as I am acquainted with them, great difficulty has been
experienced in feeding horned cattle in consequence of their horns coming in contact
with the sides of the car and thereby preventing them from reaching the food and
water in the troughs.
Another feature of my improvement relates to the construction of the transverse
partitions for separating or stalling the stock. By preference they are arranged
two or four in a stall, but more may be put together, or they may be placed in
individual stalls if desired. My arrangement for effecting this consists in providing
the wall posts on their inner faces with vertical socket pieces L made tubular in
form with a slit cut in the inner side and extending from the top to (or nearly to)
the bottom, as shown at 1, Figure 4.
These socket pieces are made of metal and firmly secured to the posts or side of
the car upon both sides. The partitions are made by preference of india rubber,
rubber belting, rubber packing cloth, leather, or other strong flexible material, such
as will support and cushion the animal without hurting or injuring it, and strips M
of such material have their ends secured between lips or flanges m formed on
tubular or nearly tubular rods M¹ conforming in size to and adapted to slide into
the socket pieces L. The rods M¹ are made a little longer than the width of
strip M (of which two at least will be used for each partition) and project below
the lower edges thereof, as shown in Figure 4.
By this construction of the partition several advantages are gained as follows:-
The lower edge of the lower strip is kept up clear to the filth and dirt upon the
floor of the car; the two strips are separated by an intervening space, which
permits the adjacent sides of the animals in contiguous stalls to cushion each
against the other, while the partition walls prevent the animals from being thrown
one against another by any sudden jerk of the cars with such force as to cause
them to be thrown down, and the projecting end of the rod M¹, when the strip is
raised to clear the socket piece L, serves as a pivot or hinge upon which the
partitions can be turned out of the way against the side of the car, as shown in
Figure 4, to permit the stock to pass in or out.
By longitudinally dividing the partitions also the handling of the same is

page_text: facilitated, and the lower part may be made of such width as that the cattle can
readily step over it, thus necessitating the handling or turning and fastening of the
upper section only in stalling or releasing the stock.
A modification in the form of the socket piece and of the rod to which the ends
of the flexible strips are secured is shown at L', Figure 2, where said parts are
made in dovetail form, one fitting within the other. This form will answer well
where the function of the hinge or pivot is not required, but the cylindrical or
pivot form is preferred.
The partition strips are secured at one end by chains n, n¹, to the wall posts
near their upper ends to prevent their becoming displaced or lost when not in use,
and near the roof of the car are a series of pockets or horizontal shelves P (one of
which is shown detached in Figure 6) open on one side and in or upon which the
partition strips are placed when not in use or when it is desired to clear the
car for the reception of ordinary or return freight. The flexible partition
raised slightly above the floor, as described, facilitates the lying down and rising
of the stock, and prevents injury to limbs that may be projected under the
partition.
In Figure 9 I have shown an arrangement for protecting stock during trans-
portation from heavy storms of rain, sleet, or snow, or from very inclement weather,
the same consisting of a curtain Q of canvas or other flexible material adapted to
be folded or rolled up beneath the roof out of the way when not in use, and to be
drawn down and attached at its lower end to hooks q on the sill or floor of the car,
or at the lower ends of the wall posts.
These curtains are so arranged, either inside or outside of the wall posts, as to
entirely cover and protect the sides and ends of the car when required. I may also
have outer casings for the car of wood or other firm material, so arranged in
sections as to slide like sliding doors or venetian blinds, or otherwise adjusted or
secured.
In this way I may in cases of violent storms of wind or rain from fixed directions,
and not accompanied by too great cold, enclose all sides but one, leaving that side
unexposed to to the weather entirely open or partially open, or I may entirely close
the car in severe weather. I may also have one or more ventilators, either at the
top like a very low chimney, or underneath the caves of the roof of the car or any
other point or points, so as to allow for ventilation at all times, but especially
in very inclement weather when the car must be entirely enclosed except for
ventilation.
I am thus enabled to carry cattle at much greater advantage in long storms than
would otherwise be possible. I may also in extreme weather heat the car by
means of a stove having suitable chimney pipes, or by steam pipes connecting with
the engine, or by other suitable means, so that in extremely inclement weather I
may greatly modify the effect of changes of weather.
The Drawings, Figures 10 to 22 inclusive, illustrate the construction of a stock
car adapted to be readily and quickly changed from a single deck car suitable for
the transportation of larger animals, such as horses and cattle, to a double deck car,
adapted to smaller animals or stock, such as sheep and hogs, thereby to economize
the space in the upper part of the car, which would otherwise be wasted in the
transportation of smaller animals.
Some modifications are also shown in the apparatus herein before described as
employed in stock cars intended only for larger stock and not provided with a
movable interposed deck.
Upon the inner faces of the wall post B are secured, just below midway the
height of the car body, longitudinal bars or girders a', a', of metal, one upon each
side of the car, and extending the whole length thereof.
These bars, except the hinged or pivotted portions crossing the door ways, are
5 firmly bolted to the wall posts serving to materially stiffen and strengthen the car
frame and form the supports for the transverse joists B¹, B¹, resting thereon, the
latter supporting the intermediate deck or flooring hereinafter described, the

page_text: arrangement of the supports being such as to bring said deck about midway of
the height of the car between the floor o and the roof of the car as shown.
The portion a² of the bar or girder a crossing the doorway is hinged at one end
over one of the door posts to the main portion a¹, in such manner as to adapt it
to swing around against such main portion of said bar, as indicated by the dotted
lines, Figure 17, for leaving the doorway unobstructed when the middle deck is
removed.
The joists B¹ (see Figures 14 and 16) are laid in the usual way, that is to say,
on edge, for the purpose of securing the requisite stiffness. They extend over the
bars a', a', and are provided on their lower faces with notches b, which engage
with the bars a¹, and not only prevent end play of the joists, but serve also to
stiffen the sides of the car against any swaying movement.
The upper faces of the joists B₁ are cut away near the ends, forming a shoulder
at b, which abuts against the inner face of the sheathing on the wall posts, as
shown in Figure 13, thereby further stiffening the connection between the sides of
the car and the joists.
The space or opening between the bars a¹, a¹, and the sheathing above them is
sufficient only to permit the joists to be inserted by turning them down upon their
sides, when by bringing the notches b into proper relation to engage said bars the
joists can be turned up on edge, as shown, and when the flooring is placed thereon
they are effectually guarded against accidental displacement. To further stiffen
and protect the notched ends of the joists they are covered by band or strap iron
fitted to the upper and lower or wearing surfaces, as shown at 62, Figure 16. To
prevent the removal of the joists from the car, and consequent loss when not in use,
I attach them by chains es about midway of their length to the ceiling rafters or
other convenient place in the car.
When not in use for supporting a middle deck in a double deck car, these joists
may be employed for separating or stalling the larger stock, in which case they
should be padded at the sides, and may also be padded at the top and bottom, if
desired, for preventing injury to the stock. The manner of arranging them for
this purpose is shown at B2, Figure 14, two or more being arranged one above
another for forming the partitions or sides of the stalls. They connect by means
of their notched ends with the bars a³, as above described, and with other
longitudinal bars, either forming a part of the sheathing, or applied for that special
purpose.
This
Their construction permits them to slide laterally on the supporting bars, and
they can be retained at any desired point of adjustment by pins entering perfora-
tions in the supporting bars, or by other suitable fastening devices.
arrangement permits the stalls to be adjusted in width to suit the size of the
animal.
Cross ties or rods E are arranged at distances apart longitudinally of the car,
corresponding to the distance apart of the girders a', a', for uniting the longitudinal
cap plates of the wall posts. These rods pass through said cap or wall plates, and
being secured thereto by nuts on their outer ends serve materially to stiffen and
strengthen the sides of the car against swaying under the pressure of the stock
against them.
They are provided with pendent angular loops e midway of their length,
dropping below the rafters, as shown, sufficiently to permit the introduction of the
joists B¹ for storing them out of the way when not in use, the notches b or
shoulders b', as preferred, engaging with said rods and preventing displacement.
The cross ties E are thus made to serve the double purpose of strengthening the
car, and of receptacles or racks for the storing of the joists when not in use.
The arrangement of the flooring or middle deck in a car having doors at the
ends and on opposite sides of the car is shown in Figure 11. The main portion
intermediate between the doors is composed of strips or sections running length-
wise of the car, as shown. These sections are hinged, the outer ones c² by hinges
which permit them to fold upward against the inner faces of the wall posts, and

page_text: the inner sections c³ are hinged to the inner edges of the outer sections by hinges
which permit them to fold inward or downward when the outer sections are
raised.
By this arrangement the inner sections when the outer ones are folded up
against the wall posts can be folded under the ceiling joists F2 into recesses f
formed therein for their reception, and there secured by buttons f¹ or other
suitable fastening devices. The strips or sections c, c, extending across the door-
ways are arranged transversely of the car, and are similarly hinged, the outer one c
being hinged to and folding up against the end wall posts, and the inner one down
against the outer one, or up under the roof, as shown in dotted lines, Figure 14.
Where the doors are midway the length of the car, as shown in Figure 12, the
sections extending across the same, in order to get them out of the way when not
in use, are hinged to the longitudinal sections c², c³, alternately on opposite sides,
and fold over upon said longitudinal sections and into recesses cut at f³ in the wall
posts and rafters for their reception.
The width of a stock car door is ordinarily not less than four feet, and as this is
greater than the distance between the interposed deck and the roof, the sections
crossing the doorway in this arrangement are necessarily jointed, the section co
folding up and the section c hinged thereto folding back upon it until the roof is
cleared, when it can if desired be turned upon its hinge into line with section c6.
The binges employed for uniting the sections to each other and to the wall posts
by preference have their interlocking ears provided with elongated slots for the
reception of the connecting pin, thereby permitting anfficient relative play of the
two parts of the hinge to accommodate any swelling of the floor sections, or any
slight obstruction which may get between them. The form of hinge preferred for
connecting the outward sections with the wall posts is shown in Figure 18, where
G represents the part of the hinge to be secured to the wall post, said part being
provided with a threaded shank g³ which passes through the post and is secured by
a nut gl. The part G₁ is bolted to the outer section of the flooring, and the ears g²
of both parts have the perforations g³ through them elongated as shown to permit
lateral play on the connecting pin g' for the purpose explained. Hinges differing
in form, but with the same provision for permitting relative play of the parts, are
employed in uniting the sections.
The arrangement of the feed bins and of the water supply and distributing pipes
is substantially like that herein before described, differing mainly only in that they
are adapted to send supplies to two sets of feed and water troughs requisite to
accommodate the two decks; D, D, represent the longitudinal bins arranged on the
roof of the car, said bins being divided each by a longitudinal partition D' into
storing and feed-chute compartments as hereinbefore described.
Under the arrangement before described however it will be evident that food
and water would be supplied only to the upper feed troughs. To overcome this
difficulty conducting tubes ² are employed provided with funnel shaped tops kl, the
latter arranged in the feed-chute compartment d' and the pipes extending thence
outside of the upper feed trough F down near to and emptying into the lower
troughs F, as shown in Figures 10 and 13.
By this arrangement the attendant is enabled to readily pass the food down to
the stock on the lower deck o. In Figures 19 and 21 a modification in this
arrangement is shown, by which the feeding of the stock is facilitated when the
car is in motion. The partition D¹ is provided at its lower edge with a series of
perforations and ², tlie former opening directly into the feed-chute compartment d'
from the storing bin, and the latter into the funnel shaped tops k¹ of the
spouts k².
In this case the expanded tops of the conductor spouts are made in the shape of
the half of a frustrum of a cone, and the flat open side is secured directly to the
partition wall D' as shown in Figure 21.
The expanded top is provided with a hinged lid adapting it to be opened for
shoveling the feed into it from the storing bin when required. The openings i¹, i²,
2

page_text: are covered by a slide I¹ which has a series of openings is through it, conforming in
distance apart to those at ¹, 2, in the partition, and which by means of a lever I²
or other suitable appliance for the purpose can be made to coincide with those
at ¹, ¿², thus opening them and permitting the feed to pass through into the feed-
chute compartment and pipes k² until by a reverse movement of the slide I' the
openings ¹, 2, are closed.
A modification in the form of the feed chutes is represented in Figure 22, where
the chute is shown divided; a short arm or spout leads to the upper trough, and a
longer one to the lower trough. These come together at their upper ends
terminating in a chamber K2 common to both provided with a single extended
opening into the feed line controlled by the slide or valve I'.
The feed when admitted is about equally divided by the V shaped partition
wall separating the diverging chutes, and passes thence to the upper and lower
feed troughs. These chutes are arranged within or between the wall-posts, within
the sheathing thereto, except where the longer chute or conductor passes outside of
or around the upper trough in order to reach the lower one. Thus when the storing
compartments & are full, supplies for both the upper and lower feed troughs can be
drawn off without the necessity of opening the bins, or even of going upon the
roof of the car for that purpose, as the means for operating the slides can be
arranged within reach of an attendant on the platform. The form and arrangement
of the slides and openings, and of the conducting chutes or spouts, may be varied
from those shown if desired.
The water supply pipes I are arranged similarly to those hereinbefore described,
but in order to supply the lower set of troughs they have distributing pipes,
which pass down through notches n cut in the edges of the feed valves e at the
bottoms of the feed chutes d¹, or they may be sunk to their full diameter in the
sides of the wall posts B on the sides opposite to the pipes i which supply the upper
set of troughs.
Means for heating and ventilating, and for covering the walls of the car, and
protecting the stock in bad weather, similar to those herein before described in
relation to the single deck car may be employed, differing only in the arrangement
adapting them, to be used in connection with the movable middle deck. Parts of
the car not particularly described may be constructed in any usual or preferred way.
The pins for securing the band wheels F¹ at the required adjustment, also those
for securing the valve lever e² in place, are attached to the body of the car by
chains, which retain them always in convenient position for use, and prevent
their loss.
A hand wheel similar to F¹ may be used in lieu of the lever e² on the rock shaft e¹
for opening the valves e.
Having thus described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,—
1st. In a stock car the upright or wall posts permanently secured to the outer
side of the sills or floor-frame bars by means of the metal socket pieces, substantially
as above shown, whereby greater strength is attained, and an inclosed space or car
room of greater dimensions is secured than would be practicable by the usual
construction.
2nd. The longitudinal feed bins at the top of the car having partitions separating
the storing compartment from the feed chute compartment, the latter having
an independent lid beneath a common lid, which covers both compartments,
substantially as described.
3rd. The longitudinal feed bins having the storing and feed chute compartments
separated by a longitudinal partition, the latter filling the entire space between the
wall posts, and provided with valves at their bottoms connected with a pivottal
shaft for actuating them simultaneously, substantially as described.
4th. The water and feed troughs arranged above and removed from the car floor,
and having the discharge openings or outlets in their bottoms, as described, in

page_text: combination with the spouted slides, whereby all in the same series can be simul-
taneously closed or opened and their contents discharged at the sides of the car and
clear thereof, substantially as described.
5th. The flexible partition strips permanently secured at their ends to fastening
rods which project at one end beyond the edge of the strips for separating them
from the floor and from each other, substantially as described.
6th. The flexible strips M permanently secured at their ends to the fastening
rods M. in combination with the retaining sleeves or sockets L, substantially as
described.
7th. The slotted vertical sleeves or socket pieces L attached to the wall posts or
sides of the car for the reception and retention of the rods on the ends of the
flexible partition strips.
8th. The socket pieces L, made in cylindrical or nearly cylindrical form, in com-
bination with the projecting ends of the rods attached to the partition strips for
forming a pivottal or hinge connection of the strip with the side of the car,
substantially as described.
9th. A stock car provided with rolling curtains, arranged and operating sub-
stantially as described, whereby the sides and ends of the car can be covered for
protecting the stock.
10th. The combination with a series of feed troughs or valves mounted on a rock
shaft of the disc or hand wheel F2 provided with a series of perforations, and
applied to the said rock-shaft for dumping the valves or feed troughs, either or
both in combination with the socket piece and retaining pin for holding said wheel
and shaft at any desired adjustment, substantially as described.
11th. In a stock car the longitudinal metal girders a¹, a', rigidly secured to the
side wall posts for the support of the removable joists which upholds the removable
middle deck, and provided with the hinged extensions a² crossing the doorways,
and adapted to be swung out of the way when the middle deck is not in use,
substantially as described.
12th. The longitudinal girders a' in combination with the removable joists B¹
which support the removable middle deck, said joists being provided with notches b
engaging with the girders a¹, and with shoulders 6' abutting against the side walls
of the car, thereby uniting and stiffening said walls, substantially as described.
13th. The removable padded joists for the support of the removable middle deck
in combination with side supporting bars and suitable fastening devices adapting
said joists to be used as adjustable partitions for stalling the animals, substantially
as described.
14th. The flooring forming the removable middle-deck composed of hinged
sections, the outer ones of which are hinged to and fold up against the side wall-
posts, the inner ones being hinged to said outer sections and folding up against the
roof of the car, substantially as described.
15th. The cross ties E for uniting and stiffening the sides of the car provided
with pendent loops e¹ for the reception of the removable flooring joists, as
described.
16th. The combination of the sections of the folding middle deck with the
hinges uniting them to each other and to the wall posts, the said hinges having
their interlocking ears provided with elongated slots permitting play of the parts
on the connecting pin, substantially as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
W. MORGAN-BROWN.
(L.S.)