IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIGGING AND PULVERIZING HEAVY AND CLAY LAND
Year: 1885

page_text: I, JAMES BROWN of North Murie, Errol, in the County, of Perth N.B. Farmér
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DIGGING AND PULVERIZING HEAVY AND CLAY LAND to be as follows:-
:-
Hitherto it has been found difficult, by means of the agricultural implements at
present in use, to so manipulate heavy or clay lands as to make them sufficiently
fruitful.
Now, according to this Invention, the different operations necessary to overcome
this difficulty are comprised in a series of operating devices as hereinafter described.
This improved apparatus or implement is fitted up on an ordinary frame with
cross shaft for two main carrying wheels; and having also one wheel in front
directly opposite the larger or furrow wheel. This furrow wheel is about four
inches larger than the wheel right opposite to it. The furrow wheel turns a set of
toothed, gearing wheels; and these gearing wheels drive a transverse shaft, to
which is attached a disc fitted with six or more cutting knives. These knives
revolve behind a coultar for the purpose of shaping and cutting the furrow slice."
The main points of improvement comprised in my Invention, and which I con-
sider novel, are 1st. The unequal sizes of the two main carrying wheels; and
2nd. The revolving cutters for breaking up the soil.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Digging and Pulverizing Heavy
and Clay Land.
I JAMES BROWN of North Murie Errol, in the County of Perth, N.B. Farmer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction and operation
of apparatus for digging and pulverizing heavy and clay land.
Hitherto it has been found difficult by means of the agricultural implements in
use to so manipulate heavy or clay lands as to make them sufficiently fruitful; but
according to my Invention the different operations necessary to overcome this
difficulty are effected by a series of devices hereinafter described.
My improved apparatus or implement is fitted on an ordinary frame with a cross
shaft or axle for two main carrying wheels and haying also one wheel directly
in front of the larger or furrow wheel. This furrow wheel is about four or six
inches larger in radius than the wheel at the opposite side; and it turns a set of
toothed gearing wheels which drive a longitudinal shaft to which is attached a disk
fitted with six or more cutting knives. These knives revolve behind one or more
coulters which are for the purpose of cutting and shaping the furrow slice.
My improved apparatus for digging and pulverizing land is shown on the accom-
panying three sheets of explanatory drawings. Figures, 1, 2, 3, on the corresponding
sheets being respectively front, side, and back perspective views of the apparatus.
In these drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like
parts wherever they are repeated.
:
The machine is made with a frame, 4, for carrying the various parts. Two
main carrying wheels, 5, 6, of different diameters turn on the ends of a cross shaft
or axle, 7, fixed in the frame, 4; and a third small carrying wheel, 8, is placed in
front in line with the larger main carrying wheel, 6, and turns on a pin fixed in a
crank arm,
9, formed on a shaft, 10, which is carried in bearings in the front end of the
frame, 4. The height of the small carrying wheel, 8, is adjustable by a hand
lever, 11, fixed on the end of the shaft, 10, and a locking device, 12, is applied to
the hand lever, 11, for keeping the small carrying wheel, 8, in any desired position.
The main carrying wheel, 6, has blades, 13, fixed in its periphery as shown in
figure, 3, when the implement is working and it runs in the furrow formed by the
previous traverse of the machine it being about six inches larger radially than
the other main carrying wheel, 5, which runs on the land still unacted on.
difference in the size of the two main carrying wheels, 5, 6, will keep the axle, 7,
horizontal and, insure the proper action of the various parts to be hereinafter
described.
The
The main carrying or furrow wheel, 6, bas formed on its inner side clutch pro-
jections which when the wheel is placed on the axle in the working position gear
with clutch projections on the boss of a spur wheel, 14, running loose on the axle, 7.
This spurwheel, 14, drives a pinion, 15, on a short traverse shaft carried by the

page_text: frame, 4, and which transmits power through a pair of bevil wheels, 16, to a longi-
tudinal shaft, 17, also carried by the frame, 4, and extending towards the back of
the machine. On the outer end of this longitudinal shaft, 17, there is fixed a
disk, 18, which has fixed to it a series of corrugated arms or knives, 19, for breaking
and pulverizing the earth presented to them. A little in front of the disk of
knives, 18, 19, and to the landward side of them there is fixed to the back end of
the frame a main coulter, 20, which like the coulter of an ordinary plough makes a
vertical cut in the unploughed land, to sever the portion to be operated on; and a
transverse curved sole plate, 31, is formed on or fixed to the bottom of the coulter
to cut under and lift up. the earth into a position to be acted on by the rotating
knives, 19. When the land is very clayey and stiff it is desirable to subdivide the
earth severed by the main coulter, 20, and for this purpose one or more additional
coulters, 22, are fixed to the frame, 4, at small distances apart laterally, the one
nearest the main coulter, 20, being a little in advance and the other or others
further advanced still. These coulters, 22, divide the earth into three or more
slices and thereby facilitate the operation of the rotating knives. In the rear of
the main coulter, 20, there is fixed a mould board, 23, to push aside the earth that
passes back over the sole plate, 21; and to this mould board, there is fixed a small
landward wing, 24, to assist in guiding the implement.
The rotating knives, 19, throw the earth against a guard or shield, 25, fixed on
a rod projecting from the frame, 4, thereby causing it to be further pulverized. A
rod or handle, 26, is fixed to the side of the back end of the frame, 4, to be taken
bold of by the ploughman in guiding the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The combination, in apparatus for digging and pulverizing heavy and clay land,
of a frame with two main wheels of unequal size on an axle, the larger wheel
running in the furrow and through gearing driving a longitudinal shaft carrying
knives at its back end, also one or more coulters with a sole to lift and guide the
earth to the rotating knives and with a mould board, the several parts being
arranged and operating substantially in the manner herein before described.
Dated this twenty-first day of October 1886.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.