IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mathias Neuhaus and John Eliot Hodgkin, both
of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad
by John Wyman Blake, of Jersey City, in the State of New Jersey,
United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mathias Neuhaus and
John Eliot Hodgkin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th November 1875.
We, MATHIAS NEUHAUS and JOHN ELIOT HODGKIN, both of Queen
Victoria Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," a communication
to us from abroad by John Wyman Blake, of Jersey City, in the State
of New Jersey, United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to that description of steam..
A

page_text: pump or apparatus for raising liquids in respect of which Letters Patent
were granted to Charles Henry Hall, bearing date the 1st October 1872,
No. 2885; and to the said John Wyman Blake, bearing date June 2nd,
1875, No. 2026; and it has reference partly to the valves employed in
the apparatus, an important object of the present Invention being the
constructing and arranging the valves and their seats, and the parts in
connection therewith, in such a manner as to admit of the valves and
valye seats being removed and replaced by others of a different con-
struction to suit the nature of the liquid to be elevated, or for any other
required purpose.
The Invention also embraces other improvements in the before-
mentioned apparatus designed to increase its efficiency, as herein-after
described. It may also be applied to other apparatus of a similar
character, in which the steam is brought into actual contact with the
water or other liquid without the intervention of a piston; and parts of
the Invention are also applicable to valves to be employed for other
purposes independently of pumps of this description.
One part of the present Invention relates to the arrangement of
suction and delivery valves, described in the Provisional Specification of
the Letters Patent secondly herein-before referred to.
. According to the said Provisional Specification the valve consisted of
a metal disc or plate, having a trunnion on which it turned, working
in a trough-shaped bearing piece, and these bearing pieces were made
detachable, so as to admit of their being readily removed when worn,
and replaced by new bearings.
Now this part of the present Invention consists in constructing -and
arranging the bearing pieces and the valve seats in such a manner as to
render not only the bearing pieces but also the whole of the seat capable
of removal, whereby facility is afforded for the substitution for a valve
of one construction of a valve of a different construction in the same
apparatus as and when required. For this purpose it is proposed to
employ detachable shoes fitted in dovetailed or other grooves formed in
the body of the pump, which shoes may be either constructed of metal,
wood, india-rubber, or other suitable material, and form the valve seat
itself; or they may be constructed of metal, and be fitted with a
removable lining of wood, india-rubber, or similar packing inserted in
dovetailed grooves formed therein, and the valve itself may be provided

page_text: or not with a detachable lining of leather, india-rubber, or like material
inserted in a similar manner. It is preferred to form the detachable
bearing pieces in one with their respective shoes, but they may be made
separately removeable if desired.
In the case of the delivery valves, when two are employed arranged,
back to back, as described in the Provisional Specification aforesaid, it is
proposed to make the two shoes for the valves in one piece, so that they
may be slid into their places and removed together bodily; but the
shoes may be constructed separate the one from the other if desired.
The shoes are maintained in their place by wooden or other wedges, or
other suitable means, and the whole of the parts are enclosed by covers
detachable at will, and which are provided with projecting lips over-
lapping the trunnion in order to retain the valves in their place, and
also with projecting horns or guards for limiting the range of motion
of the valve. The valves may be further secured by hinge pins if
desired.
Another part of the Invention relates to improvements in the arrange-
ments of ball valves and their seats when valves of that description are.
employed as suction or delivery valves.
In carrying out this part of the Invention it is proposed to construct
the valve seats of a suitable form for the reception of renewable linings`
or packings of wood, india-rubber; or other like material, which form the
seats proper; and further, to employ as valve seats for ball valves
detachable shoes constructed in a manner similar to those herein-before
described, and composed either of metal or wood, or of metal fitted with
renewable linings or packings of wood, india-rubber, or other like;
material. These shoes are each provided with a projecting horn or
guard, by preference of a concave form, on its under side, and which
forms a stop by limiting the range of motion of the valve.
The projecting horns or guards with which the detachable shoes aro
provided may be slotted or perforated in order to admit of the water'
which is left remaining above the valve issuing in the form of jets as
soon as a partial vacuum is produced, and thereby suddenly increasing"
the vacuum by the further condensation of the steam previously to its-
complete condensation by the influx of the body of liquid which is
admitted through the valve.
'
;

page_text: The Invention further consists in the employment for suction and
delivery valves of discs of india-rubber or similar flexible material, each
of which is attached at or near the centre, either to a horn or carrier
above, projecting from a detachable shoe, or to cross bars formed on each.
shoe, or otherwise, so as to admit of their being readily removed with the
shoes when required.
The shoes may be composed of metal or other rigid material, as before
mentioned, and may be fitted with renewable linings or packings of
wood, india-rubber, or other like material. The india-rubber discs may
also be removed from the shoes and replaced by new ones when worn
out without the necessity for renewing the shoes themselves. These
rubber discs open out from their seats at their periphery under the
action of the suction and. the pressure of the liquid, and close again on
to their seats by the force of their own elasticity assisted by the back
pressure.
It is further proposed to apply to the purposes before mentioned the
description of valve known as Perreaux's valve, consisting of a hollow
disc or ring of india-rubber or similar flexible material carrying a tube,
which in its normal condition is closed at its outer extremity and
assumes a wedge shape, but is caused to expand and form an open
mouth for the passage of the water, and then again to close by the force
of its own elasticity, in which condition it is maintained by the back
pressure of the liquid; this valve it is also proposed to fit in a detachable
shoe similar to those herein-before described as applied to other descrip-
tions of valves.
The arrangement of renewable seats and detachable shoes may be
applied to any other description of valve employed with the pump to
which such arrangement may be adapted.
Valves constructed and arranged in accordance with either of the
before-mentioned modifications, may be employed as foot valves when a
foot valve is required to be used with the pump. It is also proposed to
employ as a foot valve either of the before-mentioned modifications of
valves, having other renewable seats or detachable shoes, or both, in
combination in any other description of pump or apparatus in which a
foot valve is required.
By the use of foot valves constructed and arranged in accordance with
this Invention increased facility is afforded for clearing the valve when

page_text: obstructed, as access to the interior may be readily obtained by simply
removing the detachable cover, without the necessity for unscrewing the
pipes as in the ordinary system.
When valves constructed in the manner first herein-before described,
and consisting of a disc or plate working on a trunnion are employed as
foot valves, it is proposed to throttle the valve or regulate its lift as
required by means of an adjusting screw working through the detachable
cover, and provided with a button or thumb wheel for manipulating it
from the exterior.
.
In carring out this arrangement it is preferred to make the horn
tubular for the reception of a sliding cylinder or block formed on or
attached to the screw, and by the protrusion or recession of which to a
greater or less degree the range of motion of the valve, and consequently
the effective area for the passage of the liquid may be varied as
required.
A similar arrangement suitably modified may also be employed for
throttling the passage, when valves of a construction different from that
lastly herein-before described are used as foot valves, and the arrange-
ments for throttling the passage may be further applied to the suction
and delivery valves if found desirable.
The Invention further relates to a modification of foot valve adapted
more particularly for use on board ships in connection with the pumps
or apparatus for drawing off the bilge water.
In apparatus of this description as ordinarily constructed and arranged
when the vessel inclines either to one side or the other and the opposite
valve becomes uncovered, air is drawn in through such valve at each
stroke of the pump to the detriment of the working parts which are
thereby exposed to unnecessary wear and tear. Now according to this
part of the present Invention in order to obviate this defect it is
proposed to fit to the lower end of the spindle of each of the valves
(which work in connection with pipes situate one at each side of the
keelson), a boss carrying four or any other suitable number of radial
arms, which support an annular trough surrounding the valve box.
This trough is arranged at such an elevation that when the valve box is
immersed to a sufficient depth in the water the trough itself shall be
submerged, and the valve being then relieved of a certain amount of
weight well open under the action of the suction. When however the
"

page_text: become uncovered whilst at the same time remaining filled with water,
the weight of which by acting upon the valve spindle closes the valve
and maintains it closed until the trough is again relieved of its weight,
by its submission by the vessel rolling to the opposite side or other-
wise.
The valve seats may be formed of the detachable shoes or renewable
linings or packings, or of detachable shoes fitted with such renewable
linings or packings if desired.
The Invention further relates to the steam valve of a V or wedge
shape, rocking or working on a pivot or axis as described in the Specifi-
cation of the said Letters Patent, No. 2885", and it consists in
providing such valve with a detachable or renewable seat consisting of a
cone slotted for its reception, and fitted in a recess of a corresponding
form in the upper part of the pump. The seat is furnished with a
pendent projecting screw bolt for the reception of a nut, by means of
which the seat is maintained in its place or it may be secured in any
other convenient manner, so as to admit of its being readily removed
and replaced by a new one when worn. This arrangement of detachable
or renewable shoe suitably modified, may also be applied to ball valves
when used as steam valves in the pump, or to any other description of
steam valves employed in the said pump to which such arrangement
may be adapted.
Another part of this Invention has reference to a peculiar con-
struction and arrangement of valves for the admission of air to the
pump. These valves which are fitted in one connection with a central
chamber situate at the upper part of the pump, and in communication
with the liquid supply or suction pipe, and one in connection with each
of the side chambers of the pump, have for their object the admittance
of a small quantity of air at each pulsation of the chambers for the
purpose of providing a cushion to diminish the shock, which would
otherwise take place when the liquid enters, and also to prevent the
liquid from rising to an undue height.
According to one modification of this part of the Invention the air
valve consists of a ball, which is caused to rise from its seat for the
admission of air to be supplied to the chamber as before mentioned.
The ball is embraced or enclosed on its upper hemispherical surface by

page_text: forked arms, or a hemispherical cover having a screw spindle which
passes through a hole tapped with a screw thread in the top of the air
valve box, and carries a button or thumb piece for facilitating the
turning of the screw in order to adjust the height of the forks or cover,
and thus regulate the lift of the valve as required.
According to another modification of this part of the Invention the
air valve consists of a conical or button valve carrying at its upper end on
an apex or knife edge a lever arm, which is mounted on a fulcrum at one
end in the valve casing, and is provided at its opposite end with a float
entering the chamber of the pump. The valve is fitted at its lower end
with a spindle passing through the bottom of the valve box, and formed
at its extremity with a screw thread for the reception of a thumb nut.
This nut by coming into contact with the bottom of the valve box forms
a stop for limiting the lift of the valve, the range of motion of which is
capable of adjustment by varying the position of the nut upon its
spindle. The valve in its normal condition is maintained closed by the
weight of the float, but when the water attains a sufficient height to raise
the float, the valve is opened and air is admitted as before mentioned.
The Invention further consists in dividing the central chamber before
mentioned into two parts by means of a vertical partition so as to form
two chambers, one of which is in communication with the suction pipe
as heretofore, whilst the other is in communication with the delivery
pipe of the pump. A reservoir of water under the pressure of com-
pressed air is thus constantly maintained in connection with the delivery
pipe, whereby the continuity of the discharge proceeding from the two
pump chambers in succession is constantly ensured.
The Invention lastly consists in enclosing the pump in an outer vessel
or casing so as to admit of the entire apparatus being immersed in the
liquid to be pumped, whereby the necessity for obtaining a vacuum is
obviated, the water rising alternately or successively as the steam valve
is moved in the several chambers of the pump under the action of
gravitation, and facility is afforded for pumping liquids of an elevated
temperature, whilst the apparatus may be caused to float in the liquid
to be elevated, thus dispensing if desired with the means of suspension
usually adopted.
The pump may be attached to the vessel or casing in any convenient
manner. for example, the bottom of the vessel or casing may be bolted

page_text: to a flange formed on the suction pipe of the pump, and it may also
have bolted to it an inlet tube or nozzle for conducting the liquid to the
suction pipe. Hand holes fitted with suitable covers are formed in the
vessel or casing for affording access to the valves, and also for providing
means of admitting liquid to the interior of the vessel or casing when
desired, in order to sink the apparatus to the depth required, according
to the height to which it is necessary that the liquid should ascend
in the chambers of the pump.
filed by the said Mathias Neuhaus and John Eliot Hodgkin in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MATHIAS
NEUHAUS and JOHN ELIOT HODGKIN, both of Queen Victoria Street, in
the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Mathias Neuhaus and John Eliot Hodgkin,
Her special license that we, the said Mathias Neuhaus and John
Eliot Hodgkin, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Mathias Neuhaus and John Eliot Hodgkin, our
executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel. Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLI-
CABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," a communication to us from abroad by
John Wyman Blake, of Jersey City, in the State of New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Mathias Neuhaus and John Eliot Hodgkin, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
:

page_text: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Mathias Neuhaus and John
Eliot Hodgkin, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
> marked thereon, that is to say:―
The said Invention relates more particularly to that description of
steam pump or apparatus for raising liquids in respect of which Letters
Patent were granted to Charles Henry Hall bearing date the First
October, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, No. 2885, and to
the said John Wyman Blake bearing date June Second, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five, No. 2026, and it has reference partly to
the valves employed in the apparatus, an important object of the present
Invention being the constructing and arranging the valves and their
seats, and the parts in connection therewith, in such a manner as to
admit of the valves and valve seats being removed and replaced by
others of a different construction to suit the nature of the liquid to be
elevated, or for any other required purpose.
The Invention also embraces other improvements in the before-
mentioned apparatus designed to increase its efficiency (as herein-after
described). It may also be applied to other apparatus of a similar
character, in which steam exerts its pressure upon the water or other
liquid directly or without the intervention of a piston, diaphragm, or
other moving part; and parts of the Invention are also applicable to
valves to be employed for other purposes independently of pumps of
this description.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood we shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheets of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
One part of the present Invention relates to the arrangement of
suction and delivery valves described in the Specification of the Letters-
Patent secondly herein-before referred to.

page_text: According to the said Specification the valve consisted of a metal disc
or plate, having a trunnion, on which it turned, working in a trough
shaped bearing piece; and these bearing pieces were made detachable,
so as to admit of their being readily removed when worn and replaced
by new bearings.
Now this part of the present Invention consists in constructing and
arranging the bearing pieces and the valve seats in such a manner as to
render not only the bearing pieces but also the whole of the seat capable
of removal, whereby facility is afforded for the substitution for a valve
of one construction of a valve of a different construction in the same
apparatus, as and when required.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings represents a vertical
section (taken through the suction valves) of a pump with this part of
the Invention applied thereto; and Figure 2 represents a vertical
section of that portion of the pump which contains the delivery valves,
illustrating more clearly their arrangement. In the latter Figure the
valves are both represented in their closed position. According to this
part of the Invention detachable shoes A, B, are employed, which are
fitted in dovetailed or other grooves formed in the body C of the pump,
or attached in any other suitable manner. These shoes may be either
constructed of metal, wood, india-rubber, or other suitable material, and
form the valve seat itself; or they may be constructed of metal, and be
fitted with a removable lining of wood, india rubber, or similar packing,
inserted in dovetailed grooves formed therein; and the valve itself may
be provided or not with a detachable lining of leather, india-rubber,
wood, or like material, inserted in a similar manner.
In Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings several modifications in the
arrangement of the valves and their seats are illustrated; D are the
suction valves; and E are the delivery valves; and a, the trunnions of
the valves. The shoe A on the left hand side of Figure 1 is shewn
provided with a renewable lining or packing b, which may consist of
wood, india-rubber, or other suitable material, and forms the seat proper
for the valve D, and is held in its place by a metal ring 1. The shoe A
on the right-hand side of Figure 1 is shewn solid, and the valve D is
fitted with a lining or packing c of wood, india-rubber, leather, or other
suitable material held in its place by a metal plate 2 or other suitable
On the left-hand side of Figure 2 the shoe B and the valve E
means.

page_text: are both shewn provided with linings or packings b, c, respectively,
whilst on the right-hand side of that Figure the shoe B and the valve E
are represented in direct contact without any intervening lining or
packing. It is preferred to form the detachable bearing pieces described
in the said former Specification, No. 20267, and which form the
trough for the trunnions a in one with their respective shoes, as shewn,
but they may be made separately removable if desired.
In the case of the delivery valves when two are employed arranged
back to back as described in the Specification last aforesaid, the two
shoes B, B, for the valves may be made in one piece, as shewn in
Figure 2, so as to admit of their being slid into their place and removed
together bodily, but the shoes may be constructed separate the one from
the other if desired. The shoes are maintained in their place either by
wooden or other wedges d, as shewn, or by bolts or other suitable means,
and the whole of the parts are enclosed by covers F detachable at will,
and which are provided with projecting lips e overlapping the trunnions a
in order to retain the valves in their place, and also with projecting
horns or guards for limiting the range of motion of the valve. The
valves may be further secured by hinge pins if desired.
Another part of the Invention relates to improvements in the arrange-
ment of ball valves and their seats when valves of that description are
employed as suction or delivery valves."
Figures 3 and 4 (Sheet 1) represent vertical sections of portions of
the pump, the former showing a suction valve D and the latter a delivery
valve E with their seats arranged according to this part of the Inven-*
tion; and Figure 5 represents an elevation of the valve and seat
detached corresponding to Figure 3.
The valve seats consist of detachable shoes A³, B¹, composed either
of metal or wood, or (as shewn and adopted by preference) of metal
fitted with renewable linings or packings 6 of wood, india-rubber, or
other like material. The shoes A' are each provided with a projecting
horn or guard f¹, by preference of a concave form on its under side, and
which forms a stop by limiting the range of motion of the valve.
The projecting horns or guards f¹ with which the detachable shoes A¹
are provided may be formed with slots or perforations 9, as shewn in
Figures 3 and 5, in order to admit of the water which is left remaining

page_text: .
:
above the valve issuing in the form of jets as soon as a partial vacuum is
produced, and thereby suddenly. increasing the vacuum by the further
condensation of the steam previously to its complete condensation by
the influx of the body of liquid which is admitted through the valve.
Another modification of the Invention is illustrated by the detail
section and plan, Figures 6 and 7 respectively (Sheet 1). It consits in
the employment for suction and delivery valves of discs D of india-rubber
or similar flexible material, each of which is attached by a bolt h at or
near the centre, either as shewn in the Drawing to a horn or carrier f¹
above projecting from a detachable shoe A¹ or to cross bars formed on
such shoe or otherwise, so as to admit of their being readily removed
with the shoes when required.
The shoes may be composed of metal or other rigid material as before
mentioned, and may be fitted with renewable linings or packings of
wood, india-rubber, or other like material. The india-rubber discs may
also be removed from the shoes and replaced by new ones when worn
out without the necessity for renewing the shoes themselves. These
rubber discs open out from their seats at their periphery, as shewn by
the dotted lines in Figure 6 under the action of the suction, and the
pressure of the liquid, and close again on to their seats by the force of
their own elasticity assisted by the back pressure.
!
Another modification of the Invention is illustrated in Figures 8, 9,
and 10 (Sheet 2), of which Figures Figure 8 represents a vertical section
of a portion of the pump, the section being taken through a suction
valve; Figure 9 represents a plan of the valve detached; and Figure 10
represents a vertical section of a portion of the pump, the section being
taken through the delivery valves. This modification illustrates the
application of the description of valves known as the Perreaux valve
consisting of a hollow disc or ring D or E of india-rubber or similar
flexible material carrying a tube i which in its normal condition is closed
at its outer extremity, assuming a triple, flattened, or wedge shape, as
shewn by the full lines in Figure 9, but is caused to expand and form an
open mouth for the passage of the water, as shown by the dotted lines
in that Figure, and then again to close by the force of its own elasticity,
in which condition it is maintained by the back pressure of the liquid.
These valves are fitted in detachable shoes A, B, similar to those herein-
before described as applied to other descriptions of vales.

page_text: The arrangement of detachable shoes may also be applied to any other
description of valve employed with the pump to which such arrange-
ment may be adapted.
Valves having detachable shoes constructed and arranged in accordance
with either of the before-mentioned modifications may be employed as.
foot valves when a foot valve is required to be used with the improved
pump, or in any other description of pump or apparatus requiring the
employment of a foot valve.
Figure 11 (Sheet 2) illustrates in vertical section one mode of applying.
the Invention to foot valves. In this example the valve consists of a
disc or plate G working on a trunnion k. B² is the detachable shoe fitted
with a renewable lining or packing b¹. The valve may be throttled or in.
its lift be regulated as required by means of an adjusting screw working
through the detachable cover F and provided with a horn f, wheel m for
manipulating it from the exterior. The horn f on the cover F is made.
tubular for the reception of a sliding cylinder or block u formed on or
attached to the screw 1, and by the protrusion or recession of which to
a greater or less degree the range of motion of the valve, and con-
sequently the effective area for the passage of the liquid may be varied
as required.
A similar arrangement suitably modified may also be employed for
throttling the passage when valves of a construction different from that:
lastly herein-before described are used as foot valves, and the arrange-
ments for throttling the passage may be further applied to the suction
and delivery valves if found desirable.
The detachable shoes may also be employed in the construction of
back pressure valves and valves to be used for other like purposes.
;
The Invention further relates to a modification of foot valve adapted.
more particularly for use on board ships in connection with the pumps.
or apparatus for drawing off the bilge water.
In apparatus of this description as ordinarily constructed and arranged
two valves are employed, which work in connection with pipes situate
one at each side of the keelson. When the vessel inclines either to
one side or the other and the opposite valve becomes uncovered air
is drawn in through such valve at each stroke of the pump to the
detriment of the working parts, which are thereby exposed to un-
necessary wear and tear, and diminishing the duty of the
pump
.
>
'

page_text: Now according to this part of the present Invention this defect is
obviated in the following manner, reference being had to Figures 12
and 13 (Sheet 2), which represent respectively a vertical section taken
through one of the valves, and a sectional plan of the same. To the
lower end of the spindle H of each of the valves, of which the valve I
is an example, there is fitted a boss o carrying radial arms p, which
support an annular trough K surrounding the valve box L. This
trough is arranged at such an elevation that when the valve box L is
immersed to a sufficient depth in the water the trough itself shall be
submerged, and the valve being then relieved of a certain amount of
weight will open under the action of the suction. When however the
vessel rolls on one side the trough of the valve at the opposite side will
become uncovered, whilst at the same time remaining filled with water,
the weight of which by acting upon the valve spindle closes the valve
and maintains it closed until the trough is again relieved of its weight
by its submersion by the vessel rolling to the opposite side or other-
wise. The valve seats are formed by preference in detachable shoes B³,
as shewn.
Another part of the Invention, which is illustrated by Figure 13ª,
(Sheet 2,) relates to the steam valve M of a V or wedge shape rocking or
working on a pivot or axis q, as described in the Specification of the
said Letters Patent, No. 28857, and it consists in providing such valve
with a detachable or renewable seat consisting of a cone N slotted for its
reception, and fitted in a recess of a corresponding form in the upper part:
of the pump body C. The seat is furnished with a pendent projecting
screw bolt r for the reception of a nut s, by means of which the seat is
maintained in its place, or it may be secured in any other convenient
manner so as to admit of its being readily removed and replaced by a
new one when worn. This arrangement of detachable or renewable shoe
suitably modified may also be applied to ball valves when used as steam
valves in the pump, or to any other description of steam valves
employed in the said pump to which such arrangement may be adapted.
Another part of this Invention has reference to a peculiar construction
and arrangement of valves for the admission of air to the pump. These
valves, which are fitted one in connection with the central chamber O,
Figure 1, situate at the upper part of the pump, and in communication
with the liquid supply or suction pipe P, and one in connection with
each of the side chambers Q of the pump, have for their object the

page_text: admittance of a small quantity of air at each pulsation of the chambers
for the purpose of providing a cushion to diminish the shock, which
would otherwise take place when the liquid enters, and also to prevent
the liquid from rising to an undue height.
According to one modification of this part of the Invention, which is
illustrated by Figure 14, Sheet 2, the air valve consists of a ball t, which
is caused to rise from its seat for the admission of air from the orifice t¹
to be supplied to the chamber, as before mentioned, through the con-
duit . The ball is embraced or enclosed on its upper hemispherical
surface by forked arms or a hemispherical cover u having a screw
spindle, which passes through a hole tapped with a screw thread in.
the top of the air valve box R, and carries a button or thumb screw w for
facilitating the turning of the screw, in order to adjust the height
of the forks or cover u, and thus regulate the lift of the valve as
required.
:
According to another modification of this part of the Invention,
which is illustrated by Figure 15, Sheet 2, the air valve consists of a
conical or button valve t, carrying at its upper end on an apex or knife
edge a lever arm x, which is mounted on a fulcrum at its end y in the
valve casing R, and is provided at its opposite end with a float z entering:
the chamber of the pump. The valve is fitted at its lower end with a
spindle v passing through the bottom of the valve box R, and formed at
its extremity with a screw thread for the reception of a thumb nut.w.
This nut, by coming into contact with the bottom of the valve box R,
forms a stop for limiting the lift of the valve, the range of motion of
which is capable of adjustment by varying the position of the nut upon
its spindle. The valve in its normal condition is maintained closed by
the weight of the float z, but when the water attains a sufficient height
to raise the float the valve is opened and air is admitted, as before
mentioned.
Another part of the Invention is illustrated by Figure 16, Sheet 2,
which represents a vertical section of the pump taken at right angles to:
Figure 1. It consists in dividing the central chamber O, Figure 1, by
means of a vertical partition S into two compartments O', O², Figure 16,.
one of which videlicit, that O¹ is in communication with the suction
pipe P, as heretofore, whilst the other O₁ is in communication with the
delivery pipe T of the pump. A reservoir of water under the pressure

page_text: of compressed air is thus constantly maintained in connection with the
delivery pipe T, whereby the continuity of the discharge proceeding from.
the two pump chambers Q in succession is constantly ensured.
The Invention, lastly, consists in enclosing the pump in an outer
vessel or casing, so as to admit of the entire apparatus being immersed
in the liquid to be pumped, whereby the necessity for obtaining a
vacuum is obviated, the water rising alternately or successively as the
steam valve is moved in the several chambers of the pump under the
action of gravitation, and facility is afforded for pumping liquids of an
elevated temperature, whilst the apparatus may be caused to float in
the liquid to be elevated, thus dispensing, if desired, with the means of
suspension usually adopted.
The pump may be attached to the vessel or casing in various ways,
but the method shewn in the vertical section, Figure 17, Sheet 2, is a
convenient arrangement. C represents the pump; U is the vessel or
casing, the bottom of which is bolted to a flange 3 formed on the suction
pipe P of the pump, and it may also have bolted to it an inlet tube or
nozzle V for conducting the liquid to the suction pipe P. Hand holes
fitted with suitable covers are formed in the vessel or casing for affording
access to the valves.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, in pumps
or apparatus for raising or forcing liquids in which steam exerts its.
pressure upon the liquid directly or without the intervention of a piston,
diaphragm, or other moving part,―
First. The employment in the construction of the suction and delivery
valves and their seats of detachable shoes, formed and fitted to the body
of the pump or apparatus in such a manner as to admit of the valves
and seats being removed and exchanged for others of either the same or
a different construction as and when required, substantially as herein-
before described.
Secondly. Providing the steam valves when made of a V or wedge

page_text: shape, or otherwise with renewable or detachable seats or shoes,
constructed, arranged, fitted, and secured, substantially as herein-before
described.
Thirdly. The employment as an air valve of a ball, arranged in such a
manner that it is caused to rise from its seat into contact with a stop or
cover for the admission of air, but that the position of such stop or cover,
and consequently the lift of the valve, shall be capable of adjustment
from the exterior by the aid of a regulating screw, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The employment as an air valve of a conical or button
valve, carrying a float mounted on a fixed centre or fulcrum, and
arranged in such a manner that the valve is normally maintained closed
by the weight of the float, but that it shall be opened for the admission
of air by the rise of the water in the pump chamber, the lift of the valve
being controlled by an adjustable stop nut, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. Dividing the central chamber by means of a vertical par-
tition into two compartments, one of which is in communication with
the suction pipe, whilst the other is in communication with the delivery
pipe, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Sixthly. Enclosing the pump or apparatus in an outer casing
immersed in the liquid to be pumped for the purpose of wholly or par-
tially dispensing with the necessity for obtaining a vacuum, and of
utilizing the action of gravitation for promoting the rise of the liquid
being pumped in the chambers of the apparatus, substantially as herein-
before described.

page_text: pened during the submersion of the trough, and closed on its emersion,
abstantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Mathias Neuhaus and John Eliot
Hodgkin, have to this our Specification set our hands and seals,
the Second day of May, One thousand eight hundred and b
seventy-six.