IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES, ASH-PANS, AND FENDERS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Clifford Morgan, of Rotherham, in the
County of York, Stove Grate Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES, ASH-PANS, AND FENDERS."
Sealed the 19th September 1865, and dated the 23rd March 1865.

page_text: varied outlets to suit the peculiarities of different chimneys or shafts. Also
in so constructing certain parts that a better radiating surface can be obtained,
and at the same time a better concealment of the ashes and other products,
and so making certain other parts that at pleasure it can be converted into a
guard or protector to dresses and other articles.
FRONT SIDE.
;
The improvements consist in making a door at the back of the grate of
this fire-set of such a construction that it falls back from its closing point
which is about at an angle of 30 degrees on one side of the. perpendicular to
about 30 to 35 degrees on the other side of the perpendicular, to allow a good
outlet for the escape of the smoke, and by having the door concaved on
either side of the front thus!
it hides the back of the
chimney when the folding doors are open, and forms a good conductor to the
smoke and other gaseous products. The concaves are also formed to allow the
folding doors to open without obstruction, so that the aperture or apertures
for the smoke can be made as large as the interior of the grate. The folding
doors, which are quite novel, are made by cutting the back part of the cone in
the centre and down in a line with the bars, and off on a level with the
burning cheeks, and so hanging them to the front part of the cone that when
shut it will have the appearance of a coned arch unbroken to the back valve
or door; or the valve or folding doors may be made to open by resting on a
level with the burning cheeks to be thrown to the right and left hand, and
can be kept in either case at any angle from their closing point, by impinge-
inent or otherwise to suit the ever varying currents in the throat or bottom
of the chimney.
The improvement of the hearth consists in the arrangement of circular or
straight iron, steel, or other metal plate or plates, placed across the hearth
raised to allow a space for the ashes, so that they can be closed or opened
like a Venetian blind. The usual Venetian ash-pan blinds are a fixture, these
blinds will be of an improved shape, and the novelty will be in their being
made to open and shut by their own weight, springs, or otherwise.
The still further improvement in the hearth consists in the constructing a
guard to the hearth to have 2, 3, or more rods instead of one as in an ordinary
fender or hearth connected with telescopic or other standards, capable of being
'raised at pleasure to make it into an effectual guard against firing dresses.
The hearth or fender will have the appearance of an ordinary fender when
closed, but can be converted into a fireguard.
This moveable guard, as
described above can be applied to the part of the hearth used for concealing
the ashes, or to any other part of the hearth, or grate, or fire-set that may be

page_text: considered more desirable.
The novelty is in the telescopic or other move-
ment in the construction of the standards for the rod or rods, or bars or
plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Clifford Morgan in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd September 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CLIFFORD MORGAN, of Rotherham, in the County of York, Stove Grate
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Clifford Morgan, Her special licence that I, the said James Clifford
Morgan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Clifford Morgan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOVES OR FIRE-PLACES, ASH-PANS, AND FENDERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Clifford Morgan, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW
-
KNOW-YE,-that-I,the-said-James-Clifford-Morgan, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention of improvements in stoves or fire-places, ash-pans, and
fenders, consists in combining certain new arrangements for the escape of
smoke or other gaseous products of the fuel into the flue or chimney, together

page_text: with the means of obtaining a more perfect control over the draft or drafts
than has hitherto been secured, affording varied outlets to suit the peculiarities
of different chimneys or shafts; also in constructing different parts that a
better radiating surface can be obtained with a better concealment of the
ashes and other products, and making certain other parts that can be made at
pleasure into a guard or dress protector.
.
"The improvement consists in making a door at the back of the grate of
this fire-set of such construction that it falls back from its closing point, which
is about an angle of 25 to 35 degrees on one side of the perpendicular to about
the same angle on the other side of the perpendicular, to allow a good outlet for
the smoke, and by having the door concaved, thus
it hides the back part of the flue when the valve is open, and makes a good
conductor for the smoke, and allows the folding doors or valve to open without
obstruction to make the aperture almost as large as the interior of the grate.
The novel valve or folding doors are so hung that with a sliding hinge or
grooved joint they, by their own weight by impingement, can be opened or
closed, and remain stationary at any point. The guard attached to the grate
can be drawn out to any angle on the same principle, as more particularly
described in the fender part of this fire-set.
The next improvement is in the hearth, consisting of an arrangement of
circular or straight iron, steel, or other metal plate or plates placed on the
hearth to work like a Venetian blind, either by springs, centres, impingement,
their own weight, or otherwise.
A further improvement in the hearth consists in constructing a guard to the
hearth (or grate, as before referred to,) having a rod or rods connected with
telescopic or other standards capable of being raised, and thus produce a
dress protector.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation; Figure 2 is a transverse vertical
section; Figure 3 is a sectional plan view cut through at A to B of Figure1;
Figure 4 is the standard of fire guard or fender showing the telescopic action
either by tubes or sliding plates.
C, Figure 1, is the front plate of the grate; d:the large outer radiating
conical arch back plate; e the valve or folding doors. made by cutting a con-
tinuation of the conical arch in the centre, and on a line vertically with the

page_text: $
cleaning the chimney and fixing the grate; h is the valve or smoke door made
with two concaves, as shewn in Figure 3 to allow the valve to open and shut
i is a head or beads put around the arch, and jointed at j or any other part,
and works out from the front with the telescopic tubes or plates k, with two
or more or more or less sliding plates or tubes than shewn, and forms a
dress protector; is the radiating ashes pan with a leaf plate or plates more
or less than shewn to work by centres, as at m, Figure 2, springs impinge-
ment or otherwise having the appearance of a corrugated or radial pan
whilst opening and shutting like a Venetian blind, and effectually hiding the
ashes. The dress protector n is made with telescopic rods or plates o, and
as broken in Figure 1, to shew it open and shut, and on a larger scale as
delineated in Figure 4, p, or to work otherwise than in the knob or standard,
or with more or less standards, or more or less sliding tubes or plates than
shewn.
Having now described my improvements, I would observe that I do not
wish to confine myself rigidly to the precise place where the valve or doors
shall be made, either by a direct line ranging with the bars vertically, or with
the burning cheeks horizontally, farther forward or backward, or higher or
lower; and other forms of the folding doors may be adapted to act nearly as
well and produce an equivalent effect, the novelty consists in the dividing the
arch and making two folding doors. I am aware also that other openings
have been made in other grates, but these give no such variety of drafts, and.
are open to other objections in sweeping and fixing, whilst the whole of the
parts in my Invention, e, h, cau be removed and replaced at pleasure.
In conclusion, first, I claim right and left and vertical openings of large
dimensions for the smoke by the opening of the whole or part of the radiating
top plate, cut in the centre in two as shewn, Figure 1, e, e, and moving upon
inclined lateral planes or otherwise, and by a grooved hinge or otherwise, to
open like folding doors or otherwise.
Second, I claim the formation of the back valve with two concaves, that
and thereby I form a variety of drafts for the escape of the smoke, &c.
Third, I claim the adapting a fire guard to the grate, as shewn, and as
described heretofore.
Fourth, I claim the construction of the radiator pan to have the appear-
ance of a corrugated or radial pan to work as a Venetian blind as heretofore
described, and thus effectually hide the ashes, and the applying the principle
of the fireguard as described heretofore thereto.
Fifth, I claim the making of a fender or hearth with telescopic standards

page_text: or sliding plates in rods to make the fender into a dress protector by rods or
plates to raise up or let down.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Clifford Morgan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
J. C. MORGAN. (L.S.)