IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, QUARRIES, SLABS, TILES, EARTHENWARE PIPES, AND OTHER EARTHENWARE OR CERAMIC ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Forrester, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS,
QUARRIES, SLABS, TILES, EARTHENWARE PIPES, AND OTHER EARTHENWARE
OR CERAMIC ARTICLES."
Sealed the 4th December 1863, and dated the 15th June 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said John Forrester at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1863.
I, JOHN FORRESTER, of Burslem, iu the County of Stafford, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
BRICKS, QUARRIES, SLABS, TILES, EARTHENWARE PIPES, AND OTHER EARTHENWARE
OR CERAMIC ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in glazing bricks, quarries, slabs, tiles; earthenware
pipes, and other earthenware or ceramic articles of any form or description
that require glazing (whether composed of one material ground alone, or of
several materials ground separately and mixed together afterwards, or whether
only part of such materials be ground and mixed with clays, marls, or other
earthen materials, ground or unground), in the following manner :-I first dry
such bricks or other articles, after they have been made, either in a shed or in
the open air, or in drying kilns, or by other suitable means, then before firing,
baking, or burning the same in a kiln, oven, clamp, or other receptacle, I
dip such unfired bricks or other articles in a glaze material, ground and in a

page_text: liquid state, or I run the glaze material upon or under them, so as to cover
either the whole or only a portion of the surface of the bricks or other articles
with the glaze, and I then fire, bake, or burn such bricks or other articles so
coated with the glaze material in a kiln, oven, clamp, or other receptacle,
thus firing and glazing the bricks or other articles by one and the same
operation. Instead of dipping the unfired bricks or other articles into a
liquid glaze material, I sometimes dry the latter, after having ground the
same, thus reducing it to a powdered state, and then coat such bricks or other
articles with the powdered glaze material, either by dusting it over the same
whilst the bricks or other articles are in a humid state, or by causing
the glaze material to adhere to the same by applying it under any suitable
pressure.
I prefer to employ for the glaze material any vitreous compound ground
fine and sifted previous to using the same. If requisite I colour such glaze
material by mixing with it oxidized metallic or earthen compounds, such as
are well known for that purpose; or I paint, print, or transfer patterns or
ornaments of any required colour and description on to the surface of the
unfired bricks or other articles previous to coating the same with the glaze
material.
In firing such bricks or other articles coated with glaze material, I either
leave them exposed to the flame, or I enclose them in saggers, or by means of
other coverings of well known form, according to the nature of the articles to
be fired and glazed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the Conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Forrester in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th December 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FORRESTER, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Forrester, Her special licence that I, the said John Forrester,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Forrester, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, QUARRIES, SLABS, TILES, EARTHENWARE PIPES, AND
OTHER EARTHENWARE OR CERAMIC ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Forrester, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Forrester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statment
thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in glazing bricks, quarries, slabs, tiles, earthenware
pipes, and other earthenware or ceramic articles of any form or description
that require glazing (whether composed of one material ground alone or
unground, or of several materials ground separately and mixed together after-
wards, or whether only part of such materials be ground and mixed with
clays, marls, or other earthen materials, ground or unground), in the following
manner first dry or partially dry such bricks or other articles, after they
have been made, either in a shed or in the open air, or in drying kilns, or by
other suitable means; then, before firing, baking, or burning the same in a
kiln, oven, clamp,, or other receptacle, I dip such unfired bricks or other
articles in a glaze material, ground and in a liquid state, or I run the glaze
material upon or under them, or I put the glaze on with a pencil or brush, so
as to cover either the whole or only a portion of the surface of the bricks or
other articles with the glaze, and I then fire, bake, or burn such bricks or
other articles so coated with the glaze material in a kiln, oven, clamp, or
other receptacle, thus firing and glazing the bricks or other articles by one
and the same operation. Instead of dipping the unfired bricks or other
articles into a liquid glaze material, I sometimes dry the latter after having
ground the same, thus reducing it to a powdered state, and then coat such
bricks or other articles with the powdered glaze material, either by dusting it
over the same whilst the bricks or other articles are in a humid state, or by
causing the glaze material to adhere to the same by applying it under any
suitable pressure.
I prefer to employ for the glaze material any vitreous compound, ground

page_text: fine and sifted previous to using the same. If requisite, I color such glaze
material by mixing with it oxidized metallic or earthen compounds, such as
are well known for that purpose; or I. paint, print, or transfer patterns or
ornaments of any required color and description on to the surface of the
unfired bricks or other articles previous to coating the same with the glaze
material.
In firing such bricks or other articles coated with glaze material, I either
leave them exposed to the flame, or I enclose them in saggers, or by means
of other coverings of well known form; or I fire them in ovens constructed
with an inner casing of fire-bricks or quarries, in which casing the bricks or
other articles are placed, whilst the flame of the fire passes over the outside
of the same, and fires the articles without coming in contact with them,
according to the nature of the articles to be fired and glazed.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim
under the before in part recited Letters Patent is, glazing any or every
description of bricks, quarries, slabs, tiles, earthenware pipes, and other
earthenware or ceramic articles, of whatever shape, form, or application, and
whether plain or colored, or ornamented, by first coating such articles, when
in an unfired state, either wholly or partially with any suitable glaze material,
and then firing, baking, or burning them, so as to produce a glazed surface
upon them, and fire, bake, or burn them at one and the same operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Forrester, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN FORRESTED
JOHN FORDESTED
(2.8.)