Improvements in and connected with Steam and Vapour Generators.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Steam and Vapour
Generators.
RICHARD PAULSON, of 126, North Marine Road, Scarborough, Yorkshire, and
South Carr, Cuckney, Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
In carrying out these improvements I make use of an ordinary steam or tubular
boiler, or a modified form thereof, heated in the usual way until a suitable pressure is
obtained, and to maintain this pressure, or increase it if desired, I make use of an
apparatus constructed on the principle of an injector, or a modification thereof, one
or several cones being used placed in suitable expansion chambers, by means of which,
aided by a jet or pressure of steam, or vapour, or even the exhaust steam, or vapour, may
be employed to force or inject back into the boiler or generator a jet of water, or
spray of water and air, or in place thereof vapour, or gas, oil, parifine, naptha
gasoline, ammonia, or any suitable compound which on becoming heated and expanded
withing the boiler, or generator, can be utilised for motive power or other purposes.
Naptha, parifine oil, ammonia, may be used in place of, or in conjunction with
water, so that less heat is required to boil it and obtain pressure. Or I may return
to the boiler the exhaust vapours, steam, or gas, by causing it to enter into and pass
through this apparatus or injector, which I prefer to heat externally, either by
allowing the heated gasses passing from the generator, or furnace, to impinge thereon
so that the water, steam, or vapour within the injector is expanded and forced on-
wards, or in any required direction; or by duplicating, or placeing a number of these
injectors together, so that they can be placed in a hot chamber, or furnace, a large
amount of vapour, gas, or liquid may be readily heated and forced in any required
direction, or into a generator or boiler.
In forcing liquid alone when a pump in empoyed, considerable back pressure
may be overcome by placing in front of the plunger, one or more cones, contained in
a suitable chamber or chambers so that the liquid is forced along in a strong jet
instead of bodily as heretofore, alone, or in conjunction with these cones, I may carry
forward a suitable pipe into the air chamber, where such is used, so the jet may be
delivered into the air space instead of under as heretofore; the usual check valves, or
stops, being employed as heretofore if desired.
In constructing the tubular boiler, or generator, I may make use of duplicate
tubes, one placed within the other, or tubes placed inside an ordinary shell boiler, so
that the heated water and steam can circulate round or through them as desired.
Thus steain on passing through these water heated tubes may be superheated; or in
place of steam, naptha, oil, parifine, gasoline, ammonia, or any suitable liquid may
be forced through them and either be mixed with the steam or water with in the
boiler, or kept seperate, and used as desired. On this plan I may make a fireless
boiler, passing the steam, naptha, or other liquid through the internal tubes passing
through the hot water with which the boiler is charged:
In connection with, or instead of using a fan, or jet of steam to induce a forced
draught in a furnace, to increase the combustion, I prefer to place near the base

page_text: of the smoke stack preferably, a funnel or cone with a narrowed opening passing
through and into the chimney, curving the outlet upwards, thus in travelling,
the air entering the mouth of the cone is delivered at the other end in a strong
jet and considerably increases the draught and combustion, or instead the air may be
carried down and delivered into the furnace, above, or below the fire as desired.
The draught through the chimney may be further aided by placing a projecting
lip, or shield, on the front top portion of the chimney, instead of leaving it quiet
level, so that as it travels, especially when meeting a head wind, the smoke and
products of combustion escape much more readily.
In using an oil or gas furnace, especially in a shell or tubular generator, I find it
useful occasionally to place balls of fireclay, or asbestos in suitable blocks, with
openings through which the flame can pass by this means the heat is retained and
diffused much inore readily; I usually condense the vapour, or gas, after using the
same, so that it can be returned to and used in the generator over and over again,
and the pressure valve, or outlet, is arranged, if prefered, so as to deliver any
escaping gas or vapour through a suitable pipe into the condenser, at the same
time as this escape valve lifts, it may be made to cut off, or nearly reduce the oil
entering the furnace, or so regulate automatically the combustion that undue pressure
is prevented in the generator.
When air or vapour is being forced into the injectors, as previously mentioned,
a pipe is prefered to be used to conduct it to the required point, this pipe is
made to close either with a tap, or check valve, so that there can be no escape
backwards when the injector stops working.
The whole of the foregoing improvements may be combined and used in one
generator or omiting the furnace in the fireless boiler.
Improvements in and connected with Steam and Vapour
Generators.
RICHARD PAULSON, of South Carr, Cuckney, Mansfield, in the County of Nottingham-
shire, Engineer & Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In carrying this invention into practice, I prefer to make use of a coiled pipe,
or tubes, and place them inside an ordinary shell boiler, as shewn in Fig. 1
either through the man or hand hole, in parts and then connected together by suitable
unions, or joints, or if the boiler is made with the outer portion bolted or screwed
together so as to be easily removable when required, then the whole complete coil can
be placed therein without diffuculty.
In watertube, or tubular boilers, I usually place the tubes, or coils, in the
steam chamber, dome, or superheater, as most convienient, or I may specially
construct a suitable generator, either on the principle and plans discribed and
shown in my previous Patent No. 788 A.D. 1897, or placing one coil within
another and joining them together and place over them an outer casing as shown
in Fig. 2. The object of using these double coils, or coils placed within a boiler,
is to enable me to vapourise and obtain pressure by using a more volatile liquid
and one that boils at a considerably lower temperature than water; such for
instance as alcohol, ammonia, but preferably wood spirit; by forcing or passing this

page_text: liquid into & through the inner coils, or tubes, which are surrounded by hot water &
steam, or oil in place thereof, the volatile spirit is rapidly evaporated, but should it
chance that a leakage occurs, there is no risk of a serious explosion as heretofore, as
when only single tubes were used, as the escaping vapour would be rendered harmless
by the admixture with water or other liquid surrounding it.
These generators may be heated in the ordinary way; or by using, especially in
water tube boilers, an oil burner, and the vapour contained in the inner tubes, after
use, be condensed and used over and over again.
Instead of using these inner tubes, a certain quantity of chemicals, as stated, or
wood spirit, may be forced into the boiler direct to mingle with the water and steam
therein contained, but the advantages are not so great as when using an inner coil.
In forcing liquids into the boiler, or coils, I prefer to make use of the tapering
cones, as shewn in the patent previously mentioned, and place them between the
pump, or injector, & the boiler, and also the air chamber preferably with the
tube extending into the air space as therein described. This enables the injector,
or pump, to be started and worked with much more ease and certanty.
If a forced draught is required I prefer to make use of a funnel, or come, placed in
any convienient position, so as to catch the wind, preferably directly in front of the
smoke stack, a tube leads from this funnel so as to deliver air under pressure either
into or beneath the furnace as desired, or instead, directly into the smoke stack in
which case the end is curved upwards and the rush of air through it causes a much
quicker draught especially in meeting a head wind. Further, instead of the top of
the chimney or smoke stack being cut level as heretofore. I prefer to make
it on an incline with a projecting lip in front, which acts as a shield and permits the
smoke or products of combustion to escape much more readily.
By adopting this plan of internal tubes I can construct a fireless boiler, or
locomotive, the outer shell bing charged with highly heated water & steam, or oil
may be used in place thereof, then instead of using this as the motive power as
heretofore, I use preferably wood spirit, or other suitable chemical as before stated.
This is forced into the inner hot tubes as required, becomes vapourised and a much
higher and economical pressure obtained, the vapour after using being condensed and
used over and over as required.
Fig. 1 shows in section a boiler arranged so that the outer casing or shell can be
readily removed when required, by unscrewing the bolts A and A¹, in this is placed
the coil of tubes B, the water and steam that surrounds them is heated in the
usual way, then as the wood spirit, or other chemical, is forced into these hot inner
tubes it becomes quickly vapourised and is used for motive power in place of the
steam in the boiler, and after using, it can readily be condensed and again passed
through the hot inner tubes. Boiling at a much lower point than water there is
much greater economy, without risk of explosion from leakage.
C shows the smoke stack, cut on a curve, or incline, so that the projecting shield or
lip is formed in front, or this shield may be attached to the ordinary funnel and
made removable if required. D shows the cone or funnel placed so as to catch the
wind and force it either into the funnel, as shown, or down into the furnace or
beneath it as desired.
Fig. 2 shows in section, a double coil water tube boiler, the inner tubes being
used for the wood spirit, or other chemical, and the outer containing the water, or
oil. Instead of using a coil as stated, in place thereof I may use a strong cylinder,
or drum, placed so as to be acted upon by the hot steam, vapour, or liquid in the
boiler or generator.
I am well aware that wood spirit, naptha, ammonia and various chemicals have
been used to obtain motive power before, but there has always been more or less
difficulty and often considerable risk in their use. This risk is entirely overcome by
duplicating the generators. And although I have only mentioned one or two com-
pounds from which the gas or vapour may be generated, I do not strictly confine
myself to such but may use any other suitable compound in place thereof.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is :-
1. Duplicating and combining the generator so that a volatile gas and pressure
may be safely generated and used substantially as described.
2. A shell boiler as shown in Fig. 1 bolted together and combined with the coil or
tubes B substantially as described.
3. The use of the funnel or cone D, for the purpose of increasing the draught and
consuming smoke substantially as described.
4. Making the top of the smoke stack on an incline, or with a movable shield in
front so that the products of combustion can escape much more easily substantially
as described.
5. A water tube boiler with a second tube or coil enclosed therein substantially
and for the purpose described.
6. The use of a coil, or drum, placed so as to be acted upon and surrounded by
steam, water, oil, or hot vapours for the purpose of generating pressure from chemical
compounds substantially as described.
7. Using the cones, together with or without the air vessel as shown in my previous
Patent No. 788/1897 for the purpose of more easily forcing the liquid into the
boiler or generator substantially and for the purpose described.
8. The combination and arrangement of the various parts substantially and for the
purpose discribed.