Improved Heating Apparatus for Buildings, Structures, Railway Vehicles, and the like.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Jan., 1891-Accepted, 14th Feb., 1891
COMPLETE DIEUITION
Improved Heating Apparatus for Buildings, Structures, Railway
Vehicles, and the like.
I, GEORGE DOWNING, of 8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Patent Agent,
(a communication from abroad by The Morton Safety Heating Company, of the
City of Baltimore, Maryland, one of the United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention consists of an "Improved Heating Apparatus," which, although
suitable for the warming of dwelling houses and other buildings, is especially
adapted to warming railway cars; and for that reason my invention will be herein
described as applied to heating a railway car.
Reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which,
Figure 1 is a plan view of the floor of a railway car showing the manner in
which the various portions of my invention are arranged in said car.
Figure 2 is a transverse section of a car, provided with my invention, the upper
portion of the car being broken away.
Figure 3 is an enlarged vertical section of the heater employed showing its form
and construction in connection with the pipes connected therewith.
Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-section on one of the steam pipes lined with a dense
non-metallic substance, and
Figure 5 a detail showing a perspective of a portion of a perforated porous, non-
metallic slab or block used in the steam box of the heater.
Referring to said drawings-
A represents the floor of a car, B, the sides thereof, and C, the ends of
said car.
In diagonally opposite corners of the car I arrange heaters D, consisting of a
suitable sheet iron box or chest E, which is preferably rectangular in form, and is
lined with a suitable heat-retaining material E¹, said chest or box forming an air
chamber. Within said box or chest E, and attached to the base thereof, is a
smaller metallic box or chest F, containing a centrally located non-metallic, porous,
terra cotta or earthenware block or slab G, preferably of rectangular form said
block being so arranged as to leave a space between the same and the interior walls
of the steam chest. The block G, is also provided with perforations g, which
preferably extend longitudinally through the same.
Extending transversely through inner steam chest and block or slab G, are a
series of short stout tubes H, open at both ends and communicating with the
interior of the box or chest E. Each tube is provided with a nut h, by means of
which they are held firmly in position and the intervening joint made tight.
As before stated, two heaters are preferably employed, located at diagonally
opposite corners of the car. Along each side of the car, near the floor, I arrange a
casing or trough K, provided with perforations k, one casing or trough commu-
nicates with the interior of the box or chest E, of one heater, and the other casing
or trough with the interior of the box E, of the other heater. Located within each
casing is a steam pipe L, which extends through the chest E, and communicates
with the interior of the steam chest F. The steam pipes L, are provided with an
inner lining 1, of some suitable non-metallic material. M, is a steam pipe secured
to the under side of the floor of the car at its forward end, and is adapted to com-
municate with the source of supply. Said pipe is provided with a valve m, and has
a substantially T-shaped branch, one arm m¹ of which opens into the bottom of the
heater located at the forward end of the car, and the other arm m² of said branch

page_text: opens into the steam pipe L, on the opposite side of the car. At the opposite or
rear end of said car is a similarly formed steam outlet N, provided with a valve n,
and a T-shaped branch, one arm n' communicates with the heater at the rear of
the car and the other arm n² with the steam pipe L, on the opposite side of said
car, and which leads from the forward heater." It will readily be seen that when
the cars forming the train are coupled, the steam pipes can also be coupled to
distribute steam throughout the train. O, are air-supply pipes communicating with
the interior of the chests E, of the heaters; said pipes open on the outside of the
car and are provided with valves o. P, are pipes communicating with the casings
or troughs L, and extending out to the aisle of the car their outer ends being
open. Said pipes are located under the seats and are adapted to more thoroughly
distribute the heat as hereinafter described.
The short transverse branch pipes R lead from the steam pipes M and N.and are
provided with valves r, by means of which the water of condensation may be
withdrawn from the heaters, when necessary.
The operation of my invention is as follows:-The steam is admitted to the
steam chests of the heaters and also to the side steam pipes L, and the non-metallic
lining of the side steam pipes becoming thoroughly heated, will retain the heat for
a long time after the steam is shut off, which may be done by means of the valves
described. The air then entering the heaters through the pipes O, becomes
thoroughly heated and is radiated from said heaters, and also flows through the
side perforated casings or troughs, and is distributed from said casings through the
perforations, and also conveyed to the centre of the car through the branch pipes P,
thus thoroughly and effectually distributing the heat throughout the car.
before stated the porous non-metallic blocks located within the steam chests retain
the heat for a long time after the steam is shut off, and thus insure the heating of
the car for a number of hours after the supply of steam is stopped. This it will be
seen, will be of especial advantage if it was necessary to disconnect a car from the
train.
As
It will readily be seen that this apparatus is well suited for heating dwelling
houses or buildings of any description, where steam is used as a means of heating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is―
1. In a heating apparatus the combination with an outer metal box or chest, its
interior forming an air-chamber, and an air-supply pipe communicating with said
air-chamber; of a steam chest located within the air chamber and having a porous
non-metallic block or slab arranged within said steam chest, substantially as shown
and described, as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In a car heater such as described, the steam pipes extending through the car
and provided with a lining of non-metallic material, substantially as shown and
described, as and for the purpose set forth.
3. In a heating apparatus, the combination with the heater consisting of the
outer chest E', forming an air chamber, an air-supply pipe O, communicating with
said air chamber, a steam chest F, located within said air chamber and having a
porous non-metallic slab or block G, arranged within said steam chest, of a
perforated casing or trough K, steam pipes L, located within the casing K, and
communicating with the steam chest F, and suitable inlet and outlet steam pipes
communicating with the steam chest F, and steam pipe L, all constructed, arranged
and operating, substantially as shown and described.
4. In a car heater, the combination with the heaters arranged at diagonally
opposite corners of the car, and consisting of the outer chests E, forming air
chambers, air supply pipes O, communicating with said chambers, steam chests F,
located within said air chambers, and having porous non-metallic slabs or blocks G,
arranged within said steam chests, of perforated casings or troughs K, extending
along the sides of the car and communicating with the air chambers of the heaters,

page_text: and provided with short branch pipes P, extending toward the centre of the car,
steam pipes L, provided with a lining of non-metallic material, and located within
the casings K, and communicating with the steam chests F, and suitable inlet and
outlet steam pipes communicating with the steam chests F and steam pipes L, all
5 constructed, arranged and operating substantially as shown and described.
Dated 1st January 1891.
GEO. DOWNING.