An Improvement in the Manufacture of Ultramarine.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 16th May. 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in the Manufacture of Ultramarine.
I, RALPH WALDO EMERSON MAC IVOR, of 47 Clapham Road, London, S.W.
Analytical and Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The materials employed in this process are kaolin or other suitable clay, a
solution of sulphide of sodium, in which sulphur in the form of flowers of sulphur
is dissolved to saturation, and caustic or carbonate of soda.
66
The preparation of the solution is effected by adding the sulphur to boiling
sulphide of sodium liquor of maximum strength until it ceases to be taken up.
The clay and soda are first roasted together at a red heat, so as to effect a partial
double decomposition and the product, after grinding is made into a thick paste
with sulphur liquor," ie., the sulphide of sodium solution of sulphur. This latter
operation may be carried out in an ordinary pug-mill. The paste so formed is
dried in an oven or other convenient way and the dried mass (being broken in
small pieces) is roasted without access of air in a closed earthenware retort, first at
about 250° to 300° Centigrade for an hour, then at a red heat for eight hours and
finally at a moderate heat just below dull redness, in presence of a slow current of
air which enters through a series of holes or small openings in the front of the
retort, the current being regulated by means of a damper or an adjustable slide.
The retort should be allowed to become quite cold before being opened otherwise
the tint of the product will be injured.
I have found the following proportions of the raw materials used in the process
to yield excellent results, viz: :
Sulphide of sodium
Sulphur
Kaolin (china clay)
Soda (as carbonate)
or
42 lbs.
20 23
-
110 22
106 35
40
22
Caustic soda
These quantities yield about 2 cwts. of ultramarine blue; but I may vary the
proportions above stated as may be convenient.
Dated 13th June 1890.
WILLIAM ELMORE,
47, Clapham Road, Agent for the said R. W. E. Mac Ivor.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in the Manufacture of Ultramarine.
I, RALPH WALDO EMERSON MAC IVOR of 47 Clapham Road London,
Analytical and Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The materials employed in this process are kaolin or other suitable clay, a
solution of sulphide of sodium, in which sulphur in the form of flowers of sulphur
is dissolved to saturation, and caustic soda or carbonate of soda.
The preparation of the solution is effected by adding the sulphur to boiling
sulphide of sodium liquor of maximum strength until it ceases to be taken up. The
[ Price 11

page_text: clay and soda are first roasted together at a red heat, so as to effect a partial
double decomposition and the product, after grinding, is made into a thick paste
with sulphur liquor," ie, the sulphide of sodium solution of sulphur.
This latter operation may he carried out in an ordinary pug mill.
The paste, so formed, is dried in an oven or other convenient way and the dried
mass (being broken in small pieces) is roasted, without access of air, in a closed
earthenware retort, first at about 250° to 300° Centigrade for an hour, then at a
moderate heat just below dull redness,-in presence of a slow current of air which
enters through a series of holes or small openings in the front of the retort, the
current being regulated by means of a damper or an adjustable slide.
The retort should be allowed to become quite cold before being opened, otherwise
the tint of the product will be injured.
I have found the following proportions of the raw materials used in the process
to yield excellent results, viz.
Sulphide of sodium
Sulphur
Kaolin (china clay)
Soda (as carbonate)
or
Caustic soda
42 lbs.
20 "
110 "
106 "
40 "
These quantities yield about 2 cwts. of ultramarine blue, but I may vary the
proportions above stated as may be convenient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The manufacture of an artificial ultramarine by the method substantially as
herein set forth.
Dated this 11th day of April 1891.
K. W. EMERSON MAC IVOR.