Improvements in Filters.
Year: 1894

page_text: Improvements in Filters.
I DAVID CHRISTISON SMITH, of 50 Hope Street, Motherwell in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in filters and has for its object to provide
an efficient filter which may be used for various purposes, such as for domestic
purposes, public works, water, sewage etc.
In carrying out any said invention I employ an outer and an inner vessel, tank or
chamber, preferably cylindrical in shape. The inner vessel which is smaller than
the outer vessel is suitably suspended or mounted within the outer vessel by means
of brackets or otherwise. The water or other liquid to be filtered is led, by means
of a coil of perforated piping, in at the top of the outer vessel and allowed to
fall down and around the outside of the inner vessel into a suitably shaped lower
chamber of the outer vessel in which the impurities, sediment etc., are collected,
there being a suitable cock or valve provided for running such off when required.
The water or other liquid is then forced up, by the weight of the incoming liquid,
through the perforated bottom of the inner vessel and through sponges, charcoal or
other material to the top of the said vessel from whence it passes out through a syphon
or other pipe in a pure and filtered state; said pipe being provided with a suitable
cock or valve.
For cleaning out purposes I provide a branch pipe the end of which enters the
top end of the inner vessel; the said pipe as also the main feed pipe being provided
with suitable cocks or valves.
In some cases, such as domestic purposes, 1 may employ a cistern, tank or
reservoir at a higher level than the filter and connect it therewith by means of
piping.
Dated thin 7th do. Aust 10041
JOHNSONS,
115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Petitioner's Agents.
Improvements in Filters.
I, DAVID CHRISTISON SMITH, of 50 Hope Street, Motherwell, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in filters and has for its object to provide
an efficient filter, which may be used for various purposes, such as for domestic
purposes public works; water, sewage etc., and consists in arranging and
constructing such filters, in such a manner, that the liquid being filtered will pass
up through the filtering material, leaving its sediment below, in lieu of down
through the filtering material as hitherto.

page_text: But in order that my said invention may be more readily understood and easily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a section of a filter, constructed and arranged for general purposes.
Referring to the said drawings, 1 employ an outer vessel A, and an inner
vessel B, which may be constructed as tanks or chambers of any suitable and
relative size or shape. The inner vessel B is suitably suspended or mounted
within the outer and larger vessel A, by brackets or otherwise. The water or other
liquid to be filtered is led in at the top of the outer vessel A by an arrangement of
supply pipes C the top end of which is formed as or provided with a perforated coil
or length D so as to spray the liquid into the said vessel A and so allow of it to
fall down and around or partly around the outside of the inner vessel B, and into
the lower end of the vessel A, which is preferably formed as shown, so as to permit
of any impurities or sediment settling or collecting, there being a cock or valve E
provided for running such sediment off when required.
The water or other liquid is then drawn up, on the syphon principle by means of
a syphon pipe hereinafter referred to, (or is forced up, by the weight or head of
new liquid coming in,) through the perforated bottom F of the vessel B; said
bottom F being preferably formed as a sliding drawer so as to permit of the lower
layer 1 of sand or other material to be replaced or changed without interfering with
the upper layers of other filtering material; an efficient arrangement of such
filtering material being shown, that is say, 1 is a layer of sand, 2, a mat of soft
material, 3 a layer of sand, 4 a mat, 5 a layer of gravel, 6 a mat and 7 a layer of
carbide or roasted iron; though if desired, I may use any other filtering material
or materials. The liquid after reaching the top of the vessel B passes out through
a syphon pipe G, in a pure and filtered state for storage in a tank H or for
immediate use as required, there being a regulating cock or valve J provided on
the outlet syphon pipe G as shown.
For cleaning purposes I connect to the two way valve or cock C¹ of the main
supply pipe C or branch pipe C the one end of which is in communication with the
top end of the vessel B, in such a manner, that on the valve C being actuated
the supply to the outer vessel A will be shut off and the flow caused to pass down
the filtering material and out along with any impurities through the open
valve E, the syphon valve J being kept closed. The flow of liquid into the outer
vessel A may be regulated according to the demand by means of a float actuated
valve K mounted on the main supply pipe C above the valve C', the float k of
which rises and falls along with the water or liquid in the tank H.
In some cases if desired I may employ a cistern, tank or reservoir at a higher
level than the filter and connect it therewith by means of piping. Also if desired
I may for water and sewage purposes employ a series of two or more filter arrange-
ments as shown in Figure 1, said filters being so arranged that the liquid being
filtered would pass through them in succession.
In the event of the water or other liquid being required for fire or other
emergencies, I may dispense with the filtering arrangement, by shutting the valve E,
opening the valve J and thus diverting the main water or liquid supply from the
vessel A to the vessel B by means of the valve Cand pipe C, so as to enable the
water or liquid to pass out through the syphon pipe G unfiltered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In filters for water and other liquids, drawing the liquid up through the
filtering material, by means of a syphon pipe, whereby the sediment is prevented
from entering the filtering vessel, substantially in the manner as herein before
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In filters for water and other liquids, forcing the liquid up through the
filtering material by gravity, whereby the sediment is prevented from entering the

page_text: filtering vessel, substantially in the manner as hereinbefore described and shown in
the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In filters for water or other liquids, the arrangement of the inner vessel B
and outer vessel A; the inner vessel B being provided with a perforated bottom
plate F; filtering material and outlet syphon pipe G; the outer vessel A being
connected to the main supply pipe C and to a sediment outlet E, whereby
the liquid being filtered passes up through the filtering material, substantially as
herein before described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of May 1895.
JOHNSONS,
115 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Applicant's Agents.