AN IMPROVE- MENT IN LADLES FOR METAL FOUNDING
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
C
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County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN LADLES FOR METAL FOUNDING." A communication from abroad
by William Fawcett, of Omaha, County of Douglas, State of Nebraska, United
States of America.
ealed the 24th April 1878, and dated the 15th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1878.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LADLES FOR METAL FOUNDING." [A com-
munication from abroad by William Fawcett, of Omaha, County of Douglas, State
of Nebraska, United States of America.]
The object of this Invention is to provide a ladle for metal founding purposes
which shall cause the stronger and more dense portions of the molten metal which
settle to the bottom to flow first into the mould, thereby producing with the same
material a greatly superior grade of castings, free from all impurities and of greater
strength and density than can be obtained in the ordinary manner.
The Invention consists in constructing the ladle with a vertical conduit in the
side thereof which opens into the bottom of the ladle, so that as the latter is tilted
the purer and denser metal at the bottom of the ladle passes up said conduit, and
discharges first into the mould, leaving behind the lighter metal and the scoria
floating in the top of the ladle.
The ladle is made of the ordinary shape, with nearly vertical sides flared
ontwardly at the top, and the conduit, which is formed by means of a second inner
wall in the side of the ladle, has a lip at the discharge outlet at the top, the inner
wall being extended a little above the outer wall at this point so as to ensure the
discharge from the outlet without the spilling over of the lighter metal floating on
the top within the ladle.

page_text: The advantages of the improvement are that it is inexpensive and easily formed,
while its successful working makes it of especial value when castings of great
strength and closeness of texture are desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd July 1878.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LADLES FOR METAL FOUNDING." A com-
munication from abroad by William Fawcett, of Omaha, County of Douglas, State
of Nebraska, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to provide a ladle for metal founding purposes
which shall cause the stronger and more dense portions of the molten metal which
settle to the bottom to flow first into the mould, thereby producing with the
same material a greatly superior grade of castings, free from all impurities, and of
greater strength and density than can be obtained in the ordinary manner.
The Invention consists in constructing the ladle with a vertical conduit in the
side thereof which opens into the bottom of the ladle, so that as the latter is tilted
the purer and denser metal at the bottom of the ladle passes up said conduit, and
discharges first into the mould, leaving behind the lighter metal and the scoria
floating in the top of the ladle.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a plan view of the improved ladle;
Figure 2 is a vertical section through the line marked "section 1," in Figure 1;
and Figure 3, a vertical section through the line marked "section 2," at right
angles to "section 1."
D represents the ladle, which is of the ordinary shape, with nearly vertical sides
flared outwardly at the top; said ladle is constructed with a vertical conduit B in
the side thereof, which is formed by means of a second inner wall A. The conduit
thus formed opens into the ladle near the bottom, and has a lip at the discharge outlet
C, at the top, the inner wall A being extended a little above the outer wall at this
point so as to insure the discharge from the outlet without the spilling over of the
lighter metal floating on the top within the ladle. Now, when the ladle is tilted,
the purer and denser metal from the bottom of the ladle passes up the conduit
in the direction of the arrows, and is the first to be discharged into the
mould.
The advantages of the improvement are that it is inexpensive and easily applied,
while its successful working makes it of especial value when castings of great
strength and closeness of texture are desired.
I am aware that a ladle has been constructed in the form of a ram's horn or of a
curved trumpet shape, from which the metal is designed to be poured through the
smaller end.
201

page_text: In this case, however, the passage of the metal through the orifice which is
exposed all around the air chills it too much to make it desirable.
By this Invention, however, it will be seen that the metal, although passing
through a comparatively small conduit B, is not chilled as in the case referred to,
for the reason that the contact of the bulk of hot metal in the ladle against the
wall A of the conduit keeps the same hot and permits always of the discharge of
the metal from said conduit at the proper temperature and state of fluidity.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the ladle D, having a conduit B
formed in the side thereof, and opening into the bottom of the ladle, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto Bet
my hand and seal, this First day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
A. M. CLARK,
(L.S.)