Improvements in or connected with Mariners' Compasses.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 29th May, 1890-Accepted, 29th Sept, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Mariners' Compasses.
I, ARTHUR WRIGLEY, of The Dale, Hoylake, in the County of Chester, Cotton
Broker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A compass provided with, or having in connection with it, improvements according
to this invention, consists as follows: A compass card with magnets in the ordinary
way and mounted on a pivot a clock or like motor mechanism by which the
compass card pivot, and all mechanisms is carried; double gimbals by and upon
which the above mechanisms are mounted and swing; a travelling band or strip
(being a diagram sheet) of paper or other suitable material, and rollers for holding
and guiding same and moving and stopping it; a bar adapted to be moved by
the movement of the card, and provided with a pricker or maker by which the
diagram is marked, ami the course registered an adjustable lever or bar on or in
connection with the card gearing with and actuating the marker; a bar or the
like moved by the motor by which the marker is kept in position, horizontally,
and through which the marker is actuated; and a table over and upon which the
diagram moves.
The motor has to perform the functions of moving forward the diagram at a uniform
rate of speed corresponding with suitable divisions of time, and to actuate the marker
at equal and predetermined intervals of time. The motor for moving the diagram
may consist of a suitable spring-driven "clock-work," and this motor also controls a
second spring-driven clockwork, which, when in motion actuates the marking device.
The control is effected by an escapement motion, which allows the marker clockwork
to operate at certain intervals of time, the length of time of operation at each escape
movement being only sufficient to rapidly actuate the marker-this being conveniently
done by means of a trigger or tappet motion which is connected by suitable bars or
gear to the bar on, or in connection with, which the marker is arranged.
The diagram is guided between the table and a guide or smoothing plate above, ant
the table is provided with a radial slot, when the marker consists of a pricking device.
This latter device is arranged to move with as little friction as possible on or in
connection with its actuating bar or device and counter balanced, and mounted in
gimbal or duplex right-angle pivots to allow the requisite free movement, about its
point of support, the card pivot and the marker device being arranged preferably
directly above one another.
The diagram is marked with suitable lines such as horizontal lines and ares of
circles lying transversely to them the radius being that of the radius of the marker
bar or device. The centre line of the diagram is adapted to lie parallel with the
lubber-line of the ship, and the points of intersection of the lines correspond with
the points or any divisions of the compass. Thus, in operation, the marker actuating
device is set so that the marker lies over the centre line, when it is desired to travel
" star-
in a certain course, and consequently, as the vessel sheers to "port" or
board," the variations of movement are marked and recorded, marking a line on
the diagram traversing the centre line, and to the right and left thereof, as the
ship varies her desired course. The action of one form of marker, is, that by the
escapement movement hereinbefore described the marker which, if a pricker,
descends and perforates the diagram at the recurrence of the period of time arranged.
Dated this 28th day of August 1889.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Mariners' Compasses.
1, ARTHUR WRIGLEY, of The Dale, Hoylake, in the County of Chester, Cotton
Broker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
A compass provided with, or having in connection with it, improvements according
to this invention, consists as follows:A compass card with magnets in the ordinary
way, and mounted on a pivot a clock or like motor mechanism by which the compass
card pivot and all mechanism is carried; double gimbals by and upon which the
above mechanisms are mounted and swing; a travelling band or strip (being a
diagram sheet) of paper or other suitable material, and rollers for holding and guiding
same and moving and storing it; a bar adapted to be moved by the movement of the
card, and provided with a pricker or marker by which the diagram is marked and the
course registered an adjustable lever or bar on or in connection with the card,
gearing with and actuating the marker; a bar or the like moved by the motor by
which the marker is kept in position, horizontally, and through which the marker is
actuated; and a table over and upon which the diagram moves.
The motor has to perform the functions of moving forward the diagram at a
uniform rate of speed, corresponding with suitable divisions of time, and to actuate
the marker at equal and predetermined intervals of time. The motor for moving
the diagram may consist of a suitable spring driven clockwork, and this motor
also controls a second spring driven clockwork, which, when in motion actuates
the marking device. The control is effected by an escapement motion, which allows
the marker clockwork to operate at certain intervals of time, the length of time
of operation at each escape movement being only sufficient to rapidly actuate the
marker this being conveniently done by means of a trigger or tappet. motion
which is connected by suitable bars or gear to the bar on, or in connection with
which the marker is arranged.
The diagram is guided between the table and a guide or smoothing plate above,
and the table is provided with a curved or semicircular slot when the marker
consists of a pricking device. This latter device is arranged to move, with as little
frict on as possible, on or in connection with its actuating bar or device, and is
counter balanced, and mounted in gimbal or duplex right-angle pivots to allow the
requisite free movement about its point of support, the card pivot and the marker
device being arranged preferably directly above one another.
The diagram is marked with suitable lines such as horizontal lines and arcs of circles
lying transversely to them, the radius being that of the radius of the marker bar or
device the points of intersection of the lines correspond with certain divisions of a
circle. In operation, the marker device is set so that it lies directly above the centre
line of the diagram, when it is desired to travel in a certain course, and consequently,
as the vessel sheers to "port" or "starboard," the variations of movement are marked
and recorded, marking a line on the diagram iraversing the centre line, and to the
right and left thereof as the ship varies her desired course. The action of one form
of marker is, that by the escapement movement herein before described, the marker,
which, if it be a pricker, descends and perforates the diagram at the recurrence of the
period of time arranged.
The above description sets forth generally the nature, object, and purposes of my
invention, but to make the same more clear I will now describe it with the aid of
the drawings accompanying the Specification and forming a part thereof.
The drawings together with the description of them, set forth examples of
apparatus designed, constructed and adapted to operate in accordance with the
method of recording a ship's course above generally described.
In the various views I use the same letters and figures of reference to denote
the same or like parts wherever they occur.

page_text: In Figure 1, I shew a compass, in outside elevation, having the arrangement or
combination of parts more particularly set out or specified in the above general
description.
Figure 2, is an end view of this apparatus; and Figure 3 is a detail.
Figure 4, is a detail shewing the construction of the supporting mechanism of the
card and pricking device.
Referring to the drawings, a is a compass card having magnets a beneath it; bis
the point on which the card swings or works; a² is a socket having the usual agate
or other centre, which rests upon the pivot ; d is the marking device, consisting of
a pricker, as previously stated; is a travelling diagram; and 3 are rollers
serving as a means for storing the continuous length of diagram paper, and drawing
it off and moving it past the marker d; A is a frame which supports the mechanisms
hereinafter described, and A' designates one of the journals which are connected to
the frame A by projecting plates A2, and by which the whole of such frame and
mechanisms connected with it is supported in the gimbals. Of course it is to be
understood that double gimbals would be used in the usual way.
As previously stated, the function of the marking mechanism d is to puncture the
travelling chart f at certain predetermined intervals of time, and leaving for the
present the motor mechanism by which this is effected, I will describe the means by
which this action is directly effected and the details of construction of this puncturing
mechanism.
The actual connection of the metal which forms the socket a² with the car! u, is
effected by the bar a, and this bar, it will be seen, stands above the compass card a.
In the same horizontal plane as the bearing point of the pivot b anil socket a²,
I suspend by a gimbal ring d', the pricker d; this gimbal ring d' is mounted to the
socket a² in the same manner as an ordinary gimbal, and under such ring there are,
loosely connected, suspension bars d², to the lower ends of which at d³, by suitable
pins, is mounted a second ring d', directly to which the rod d³, supporting the
pricker d, is connected; and again on the opposite side of the ring d is provided a
rod d and a weight adjustably mounted thereon, by which the pricker d and its
rod can be accurately counterbalanced. To render the action of the rod
effective as possible, it is hung to its supporting gimbals above its centre of gravity.
So far, it will be seen that the pricker marking mechanism will have perfect
freedom to remain in the horizontal plane, notwithstanding the ordinary movements
due to outside causes, such as the rolling and pitching of the vessel, and that the
vertical axis of the ring will consequently always be coincident with that of the
compass card a and being balanced will remain horizontal and in a plane parallel
with that of the diagram f.
as
The action of the pricker marker d in puncturing the chart is effected by the
lowering of the angle shaped bar c, the horizontal Aange of which is disposed directly
above the pricker and is continued round in an arc of a circle, so that for all angular
positions of the pricker, in relation to the axis thereof and the diagram, this flange
will act upon the pricker bar d³ directly above the pricker d. The movement of the
bar c is effected at certain intervals of time-say minute intervals-by clockmotor
mechanism through the vertical rods c' and the horizontal arms c² by which the bar c
and the rods c' are connected.
As the duration of the marking action should be an extremely short one, the
movement of the operating bar c must be a very sudden one, that is to say, the act of
depression, whereby the pricker d is caused to perforate the diagram sheet f, and its
elevation, whereby it is brought back to its normal position as shewn in Figure 1,
must be very quickly effected, and to diminish as far as possible the effect of a sudden
withdrawal and elevation of the pricker d, a spring d³ is provided on the bar d³, and
serves as the means for effecting this elevation; that is, the upper side of the
horizontal flange of the bar e strikes this spring and consequently mitigates the
excessive rebound of the pricker operating bar and reduces the lateral motion
caused thereby.
It will be seen that the end of the pricker marker bar d' is practically a fork, one

page_text: tine of which comes above and the other below the flange of the bar c. The object
of this fork or bifurcation is, first, that the striking bar in its descent impinges upon
the lower limb and insures the pricker being carried down into the paper, to make a
puncture, second, as the striking bar rises it insures its coming out of the paper by
impinging upon the upper limb, third, the distance between the limbs is such that it
can be carried round horizontally without touching the striking bar and consequently
without impeding the turning of the magnets on the central pivot.
In using the apparatus on a ship about to steer on a settled course, the pricker
marker bar should be so set that it lies over the centre line of the diagram, (as herein-
after described) when the ship lies in that course, that is to say, assuming the vessel
were about to sail in an easterly course, when the ship's head lies in that course, the
marker d must stand above the diagram's centre line. To comply with this condition
means of adjustment of the pricker imechanism in relation to the supporting device of
the card is provided. Any deviation that the ship's head may make from this easterly
course would be correspondingly indicated upon the diagram. In this example of
apparatus, this adjustment is provided for by mounting the bar or bearer a³, which
supports the card a, loosely and adjustably on the socket a². The construction of
this mode of mounting it will be seen, by referring to Figure 4, consists of a collar a
connected with the bar a³, and through which a central pin as, being a part of the
socket a² passes. This pin is provided with a milled head a for the purpose of
affording a gripping surface when grasped by the fingers, and a pointer or indi-
cator a² for indicating the position of the pricker d with respect to the card a: this
pointer and the pricker d and pricker bar being arranged in the same vertical plane.
It will now be plain that if the bearing between the pin a' and the collar a be of such
a nature that they can be adjusted relatively to each other, but will not of themselves
be capable of any relative movement, the adjustment of the pricker d, with respect to
the card a, can be very simply and quickly effected.
Regarding now the motor mechanism by which the mechanical operations made in
and by the apparatus are effected, the apparatus is so designed that one spring and
clockmotor mechanism is adapted to work the diagram rollers and the diagram,
and also releases an escapement movement by which the action of the bar c is
controlled, whilst a second motor mechanism is employed to actuate the bar c,
that is, raise such bar and lower it through the side rods c³ previously mentioned.
The first of these motor mechanisms is shewn diagrammatically in Figure 3. In
this Figure, 1 designates the main toothed wheel, driven by a spring and operated in
the way usual in clockwork; 2 is a pinion gearing with 1, and driven thereby į
3. is another toothed wheel mounted on the same shaft as 2, and gearing with and
driving another pinion, 4, this pinion in turn working, at the same speed, a wheel 5,
having pins 6, thereon, and adapted to serve as the means for regulating and actuating
the escapement movement directly hereunder described.
This escapement movement consists and is worked as follows:-The wheel 5 being
rotated at a certain speed, and governed in any suitable manner usual in clockwork,
the pins 6 thereof are arranged to come into contact with the short end of the lever /
fixed on the shaft and operate it, whilst another lever also fixed on the shalt A*,
bears upon a pin fixed in the end of a lever i fulcrumed at 72, and having a weighted
jaw at the other end thereof. This jaw is adapted to engage with a pinj, fixed in
the end of a rocking bar j mounted at 2, and to raise and lower the free end of
such bar.
The effect of this operation is that whilst one of the pins 6, is raising the lever h
it depresses the lever i and raises the jaw 3, thereby also raising the free end of
the lever, and moving a stop j³ thereon, out of contact with the pink on the wheel k,
the result of which is, that the wheel k makes a partial revolution, (it being driven by
the clockwork shewn in dotted lines in Figure 1). This partial revolution is regu-
lated by a second pin 2 on the wheel k, disposed nearer to the axis of such wheel
than and which consequently comes into contact with the stop 3 which has been
moved towards such axis, as just described, as it moves forward. So far then the
lever has been raised to such an extent that it is free to slip past the pin 6, and the

page_text: pink is resting against the stop j³ of the lever j. Now however, by the continued
movement of the wheel 5, the lever his freed from the pin o, whereupon instantly
the weight draws down, through the pin and bar j, the stop j³ from the pin k³
and frees the wheel k, which thereupon makes the remainder of the revolution, the
pink coming into contact with the stop which has been brought down by the release
of the lever within the path of such pin.
This latter releasing action of the wheel k is the cause of the movement of the
bar c, as it allows the spring motor gear at 10, to come into operation. This operation
is effected through the gearing wheels, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, that is to say, the
wheel at 10 connected with this spring, drives the pinion 11, the wheel 12, on the
same shaft as 11, driving the pinion 13, the wheel 14, on the same shaft as 13,
driving the idle wheel 15. and 15 again driving the pinion 16, which pinion is on the
same shaft as the wheel ; and, consequently, when this wheel is freed to move in
the manner previously described, by the stop 3, the gear just specified at once sets it
in motion. Then on the shaft 13, a wheel is mounted, having pins on its side,
and hence, as the shaft on which this wheel is mounted is rotated, by the gear, 10, 11,
12, 13, it will be moved a quarter of a revolution (such amount of movement being
governed by the amount of movement of the wheel k,) when one of the pins comes
into contact with the lever m, and depresses it, and then again quickly releases
it and the lever m being fulcrumed at m³, and connected to the rods through
a link m², shaft m³, side levers, and links n³, such rods will obviously be
lowere an raised in a space of time occupied by one of the stops making a
quarter of a revolution about the axis of the wheel 7; and with them of course the
pricker marking actuating bar c is lowered and raised. This set of movements effects
one complete movement of the pricker d.
:
Referring again to the diagram and its operating mechanism, one of the wheels f
on which the paper is wound, is geared to and operated through the spring and
gear 1 to 6 and is moved over a table y, in which a semicircular slot at g' is provided
directly beneath and at the same radins from the centre of the card a as the pricker d.
This slot is provided for the purpose of allowing the pricker d to pass through the
diagram and so that the puncture shall be sufficiently large to render it easily seen,
and to prevent them from closing up subsequently to their formation and becoming
difficult of tracing.
To equalize and neutralize the weight of the frame A and the mechanism supported
on the journals A', a weight disposed above such journals, and connected to the
bars A2, may be provided. "By this means, oscillation of the frame and mechanism
due to sudden movement of the vessel would be to a very great extent diminished or
neutralized.
In Figures to 12 inclusive, I show a modification of the apparatus shown in
Figures 1 to 4. In this apparatus a compass card a works in a liquid, and the
recording mechanism is disposed above the compass. At the same time it is to he
understood the card may if desired be adapted to work in the usual way, as that in
Figures 1 to 4. In Figure 5, this apparatus is shewn in sectional elevation, whilst
Figures 6 and 7 are end view, and side elevation, respectively, of the recording
mechanism, and Figures 8 and 9 are sectional plans at the lines X X, and Y Y, in
Figure 5 respectively, the former being seen from the under side; and Figures 10
an 11 show the clockmotor gear; Figure 12 being a view shewing more particularly
the mechanism for operating the pricker marker d.
In this arrangement, the motor is a spring one, and one spring only is employed to
actuate all the parts and perform all the functions of the two described with reference
to Figures 1 to 4.
In this instance, the pricker mechanism is worked and controlled by a single
wheel k, in lieu of the wheels 1, 5, and k described with reference to Figures 1 to 4;
namely, on the lower side of the wheel & two sets of projections & and 2 are provided,
such sets of projections being arranged at different radii, and the lever j, with its
stop 3 at the end, is fulcramed at in the centre, and is provided at the opposite
end with a fork which embraces an eccentric cam 6. This cam 6 is mounted. on

page_text: the shaft 7 and is worked from the wheel 7 through the gearing shewn in Figure 10,
which gearing is operated primarily from the toothed wheel 10 fixed to the
cylinder 10 of the clock motor. The wheel k, on the other hand, is operated through
the wheel 1, pinion 2, toothed wheel 3, idle wheel 4, and pinion 5.
To operate the above described two sets of gearing, one end of the spring within
the cylinder 10 is connected to such cylinder, whilst the other end is connected to
the winding shaft 18, the winding up of the spring being effected by rotating the
shaft 18 in the direction of the arrow shewn in Figure 11. The tension of the
spring is retained hy, and subsequently given out to, a paul 19 which engages with a
ratchet wheel 20, the paul being pivoted to the wheel 1, and the ratchet wheel 20
being fixed to the shaft 18. During the process of winding, the upper gearing,
shewn in Figures 5 and 10, that is the gearing above the cylinder 10A and operated
by the wheel 10, remains stationary. By placing the motor spring as shown,
concentric with the axis of the magnetic needle, the influence of the spring upon the
magnetic needle is neutralized.
The action of the pricker actuating mechanism is effected as follows:-The cam 6,
which, by its rotation from the upper gearing above specified, causes the bar to be
oscillated, and in such oscillations, alternately moves the stop to and from the
respective paths of the outer and inner set of studs and 2, thereby allowing the
wheel at each oscillation of the bar to move from one stud k' to the succeeding
stud., then again back to another stud ¹, and so on. In each of these movements,
the upper projections of the wheel k act upon the turned down ends m¹ of the
levers m, first raising them, comparatively gradually and then allowing them to
suddenly fall. These motions are transmitted to the semicircular angle bar c and so
to the pricker d through the levers n and the vertical rods c. The rods c' as in the
apparatus shewn in Figures 1 to 4 are guided above and below by the frame or case. F,
through which they pass and work.
In this mechanism it will be seen that the pricker d is disposed below the table g,
and works upwards in its piercing action, in lieu of downwards as in Figures 1 to 4;
and the pricker bar d' is in this case mounted upon the end of a standard d" which
is secured by a cap to the socket a².
The diagram in this case is coiled on the barrel, on the right hand side of the
drawing in Figure 5, and passes between the table g and the bottom of the case F
and the guide plate 92, and is fed forward by rotating the opposite roller f', the paper
being pressed onto the surface of such roller by another roller f³ kept up to and
pressed upon the other side surface of the paper by means of the spring, acting
through the levers f³, to the opposite ends of which the roller is mounted. The
pointer indicates the time occupied by a revolution of the roller f¹. The move-
ment of the winding off roller f¹ is effected through the pinion 21, (operated by the
toothed wheel 10) shaft 22, worm 23, worm wheel 24, toothed wheel 25 on the shaft
of the worm wheel 24, pinion 26, toothed wheel 27 on the same axis as pinion 26,
and lastly pinion 28 which is mounted on the axis of the winding off roller. This
gear is best shown in Figures 5 and 9.
The upper mechanism of this apparatus is supported from the compass bowl by
standards B, which pass through snugs g3 on the table g.
With respect to the compass portion, the bowl B is covered in by a glass C, and
the only communication of the surface of the liquid in the bowl B with the outside
atmosphere is through the aperture de provided in the cap D, this cap being supported
by the glass ; hence the only cause of evaporation of the liquid in the bowl B
is due to this communication. E is the inner gimbal by which the compass bowl B
is supported.
In Figure 13 a modification of the apparatus is shewn in which the liquid compass
arrangement shewn in Figure 5 is disposed above the pricker marking mechanism,
as in Figure 1. In this instance it will be seen, by the reference letters, that the
pricker bar d³ and compass card a are supported substantially in the same manner as
that described with reference to Figures 1 to 4.
To set the pricker d in Figure 13, in the proper position with respect to the

page_text: course the ship is about to travel and the compass card i.e. over the centre line of
the diagram f, it is provided with a joint at a' such as that described with reference
to Figures 1 to 4, and in combination with the rod 21 provide a ring * having the
same or analogous divisions as a compass card by which the pricker is set. This
ring a will of course have its points or divisions arranged coincidently with those of
the card a.
Figure 14 illustrates a recording compass arrangement of apparatus according to
this invention in which the recording mechanism is employed in connection with
magnets without a compass card. The position of the marker d in this case is
controlled by the magnets a', which are supported from the socket a² by a bar a³.
The pricker hard in this case is connected to the socket, by gimbal rings d'd,
which lie in the same plane as the point of the pivot b, and its action-that is, its
retention in the position it is set in-is directly caused by the action of the magnets.
The mechanisms for actuating the pricker and the chart in this case are the same as
those set forth with reference to Figures 5 to 12. In this arrangement it will be
understood that the apparatus will be mounted on suitable gimbals in the same
plane as the point of support of the pricker bar, as in the previously described
arrangements.
In Figure 15 I show in plan a piece of a diagram of the form prefer to employ.
It will be seen this diagram is marked with lines running parallel with the direction
of its length and motion and with somicircular lines or ares of eireles intersecting
such parallel lines the radius of which is that of the radius of the pricker from its
pivot and in the centre of the diagram is a more strongly marked line. The points
of intersection of the are lines and the parallel longitudinal lines correspond with
divisions of a circle.
At the edges of the chart, divisions of time are marked in hours, a suitable distance
for travel of the diagram past the marker for each hour being about 3 inches, but of
course it may be more or less than this as desired. Hence it will be seen that the
longitudinal dimensions of the diagram are or correspond with divisions of time,
and that the lateral dimensions taken in arcs of circles, correspond with or denote
parts or divisions of a circle, and are used in connection with the markings of the
marker upon the diagram as measures, for each moment of time, of the extent―
if any of the divergencies of the line marked, from the centre line of the diagramı
(ie. from the set course in which it has been desired to steer the ship), whilst the
markings taken longitudinally at any point indicate the time at which such marking
recorded. The pricker may be conveniently caused (and regulated) to make one
mark or puncture per minute.
In lieu however of employing a diagram with the lines spoken of already marked
thereon, a separate pen, pencil or other marker of any suitable form may be used to
mark the centre line upon the chart, and other parallel lines if desired; and further a
puncture or other marking mechanism operated by the clockwork of the apparatus
may be adapted to mark the divisions of time also upon the diagram. By these latter
means any irregularity of motion of paper or expansion or contraction thereof, which
might cause the recording line, marked by the marker, when read, to he misleading if
the diagram were provided with lines already marked thereon as on that in Figure 15,
would be obviated.
Having now fully described and illustrated, by examples, the nature of my inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in conclusion I desire to
remark that in the foregoing Specification I have described, in connection with the
accompanying drawings, a completely arranged or organized apparatus for effecting
the recording of the course taken by a ship, having the various novel features which
have been above generally described, and which are more particularly pointed out in
the following claiming clauses; but it is to be understood that these novel features
may be employed individually as well as conjointly in apparatus for recording a ship's
course since they are not necessarily dependent upon each other; they may obviously,
therefore, be employed, one or more of them, in recording mariners compasses or
apparatus which in other features differ radically from what I have abewn.

page_text: I desire it also to be distinctly understood that my invention is not limited to the
precise forms or constructions of devices, or combination of devices illustrated or
described, since their equivalents may be employed, and various modifications, not
differing or departing from their essential or controlling features or purposes, may be
substituted, without departing from either the principal, purpose, or scope, of the
several features of the invention. Also I wish to state that the improvements con-
nected with the recording compass or apparatus in the manner of its operation and
the parts employed therefor, may by simple modifications, be readily adapted and
employed in combination with recording compasses or apparatus of other types than
the one illustrated and particularly described. On the other hand, I wish it to be
understood that I make no claim generally to a recording mariner's compass or
apparatus, that is, a compass or apparatus in which the course sailed by a ship is
produced and recorded upon a diagram, as I am aware that such a type of apparatus
has heretofore been proposed, but what I do claim in respect of or under the herein
described invention is :-
1. The herein described mode of recording the course taken by a ship, consisting in
causing a diagram, or sheet of paper, or other suitable material, to move past a marker,
which records, by marking or pricking, a line upon the moving chart, diagram, or
sheet of paper, or other suitable material, the position of the marker being controlled
by magnets or compass, and adapted to be set or adjusted on any course it is desired
to sail the ship.
2. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a continuous or
travelling chart and a pricker mechanism by which said chart is punctured, for the
purposes set forth.
3. A ship's recording compass or apparatus, in which the marking device or mechanism,
and card or magnet are connected, and the position of the marker controlled by the
card, and said marker and card are adapted to be set or be adjusted relatively to each
other according to the course in which it is intended to sail the ship, for the purposes
set forth.
4. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a marker by which
a travelling chart is marked, a compass card or magnet by which the position of the
marker is controlled, and means of adjustment, such as set forth with reference to
Figure 4, or its equivalent, by which the marker and card or magnet can be set
relatively to each other, for the purposes set forth.
5. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a marking device mounted on gimbals
or equivalent joints, whereby said device is free to move, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
6. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a compass card or
magnet, and a marking device separate from said compass card or magnet, but
supported from the axis of said card or point of support of said magnet.
7. In a ship's compass or apparatus, a marking device having its point of support
out of the horizontal plane in which said compass is disposed, and being counter-
balanced.
8. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a compass card or magnet, a marking
device connected with and controlled by said card or magnet, and a frame supporting
a moving diagram, said frame and marking device being mounted on gimbals or
analogous supports, and arranged and adapted to move or oscillate independently of
cach other upon the axes thereof.
al
9. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a diagram, a puncturing device for
marking and recording upon said diagram the variations of the course of the ship,
table or support by which the diagram is guided about the point at which the pricking
device pricks same, and a recess aperture or depression below or on the opposite side
of the chart to the pricker, by which the pricker is permitted to puncture completely
said diagram, for the purposes set forth.
10. The herein described mode of marking the diagram of a ship's recording
compass or apparatus, consisting in suddenly causing a marker to come into contact
with or pierce said diagram, and to be withdrawn or removed therefrom.

page_text: 11. The herein described mode of marking the diagram of a ship's recording
compass or apparatus, consisting in intermittently causing the marking device to
be pressed into or pierce the diagram thereof, said marking action being suddenly
effected.
12. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, which records on a diagram the
course a ship sails, effecting the marking action by means of an escapement action
and mechanism, said mechanism being worked by a clock or other suitable equivalent
motor.
13. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a marker, a
diagram marked by said marker, and a slot provided in a table over which the
chart moves, said slot being in the form of an arc of a circle, and disposed directly
below or above, as the case may be, the path of the marking mechanism, for the
purposes set forth.
14. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, comprising a compass card
arranged and operating in a liquid, a marker supported from and controlled by said
card, and a moving diagram adapted to be marked by said marker.
15. A ship's recording compass or apparatus, having a spring driven mechanism,
and wherein one spring is adapted to work a marker actuating mechanism, and to
move a chart past said marker, substantially in the manner set forth; and also
the arrangement and combination of parts substantially as set forth with reference
to Figures 5 to 12 by which said two functions are effected.
16. A ship's recording compass or apparatus, having a motor for moving a
diagram, and a separate motor for actuating the marker, by which said diagram is
marked.
17. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a diagram moved mechanically
past a marker, said marker being adapted to mark said diagram and the actuation of
which is mechanically effected.
18. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, effecting the recording of the
course sailed by a vessel, by a moving diagram and a marker mechanically operated.
both diagram and marker actuating mechanisms being effected by a spring or
analogous motor.
19. A ship's recording compass or apparatus, having a fixed and stationary table
or platform, a diagram adapted to move over said table, and a marker by which the
moving diagram is marked, for the purposes set forth.
20. A ship's recording compass or apparatus, having a fixed and stationary table
or platform, a diagram adapted to move over said table, and a marker adapted to be
moved on and off said diagram by which action it is marked.
21. A ship's recording compass or apparatus, having a moving diagram and
a marker, effecting the mechanical action of said marker by an escapement
mechanism, operating after the manner set forth substantially with reference to
Figures 1 to 4.
22. A ship's recording compass or apparatus, having a moving diagram and
a marker, effecting the mechanical action of said marker by an escapement
mechanism, operating after the manner set forth substantially with reference to
Figures 5 to 12.
23. In a
ship's recording compass or apparatus, a bar, such as c, worked by a
motor and adapted to actuate the marker, in the manner described, for the purposes
set forth.
24. The herein described method of recording the course sailed by a ship, consist-
ing in moving a strip of paper or other suitable material past a marker, and bringing
the marker into contact with the chart by suitable clockwork mechanism combined
with the apparatus and mounted on gimbals.
25. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination with the card, of
a marker d, connected with the card mounting or support, a², substantially as set forth
with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 4.
26. The combination of the marker d, bar e, card or magnets a, a', and gimbal
mechanism d' &c., substantially as described.

page_text: 27. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a bar, such as c,
by which the marker is actuated, and rods or bars c², said rods or bars being actuated
by clock mechanism and adapted to move the bar cup and down, for the purposes
set forth.
28. The combination with a compass card a,.of a pricker such as d, and a pointer
or indicator a, said card and marker being adjustable relatively to each other,
and the marker or indicating device being adapted to shew the state of the relative
adjustment of said two parts; substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
29. In a ship's recording apparatus or compass, a roller, on which a diagram
sheet is coiled, at one end or side of the table or frame, and two or more wheels
at the opposite end or side of said table or frame, between which said chart is gripped,
and by which it is drawn from the holding roller, one or more of said gripping rollers
being driven by a clockwork or other suitable motor; substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
30. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a marking device actuated by an
escapement lever, said lever being actuated by a cam; substantially as described with
reference to Figures 5 to 12.
31. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a spring motor,
having a single spring, one end of said spring being adapted to work through toothed
gearing a mechanism for actuating a marker, and the other end being connected to
gearing and adapted to actuate an escapement lever or controlling bar,, by which said
escapement mechanism is-controlled; substantially in the manner and for the purposes
set forth with reference to Figures 5 to 12; and also mechanism or means substantially
as described by which said spring is wound up.
32. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a toothed
wheel 10 driven by a spring, and toothed wheel 1 driven also by said spring,
a shaft actuated from the wheel 10, an escapement wheel or device. k actuated
through the wheel 1, and a shaft 22 and gear 21 and 23, etcetera, by which the
diagram is moved across the apparatus; substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
33. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a diagram moving
mechanism, the spring motor and mechanism moved thereby, and the compass, arranged
as set forth with reference to Figure 5.
34. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, the combination of a diagram moving
mechanism, the spring motor and mechanism moved thereby, and the compass, arranged
as set forth with reference to Figure 1.
35. The combination of compass and pricker or marker d, arranged in the manner
set forth with reference to Figure 13.
36. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a marker, such as d, or its
equivalent, supported from a pivot b through gimbals or like analogous joints, and
magnets a supported from said pivot and connected with and controlling said marker,
in the manner set forth with reference to Figure 14.
37. The arrangement and combination of pricker or marker d gimbals d*, pivot b,
sockets a², magnets a', and the marker actuating bar c; substantially as set forth with
reference to Figure 14.
38. The combination with a ship's recording compass or apparatus, of a chartf,
adapted to move past a marker and provided with time lines, points or figures,
and lines for indicating the degree of divergence of the line inade by said marker.
39. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a marking device hinged at one
end and guided and controlled by a bar such as c; substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
40. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a marking device gimballed to the
mounting of the magnets or needles in the same plane as the point of the pivot which
supports said needles or magnets.
1. In a
ship's recording compass or apparatus, a marking bar or device, being
bung to the gimbals slightly above its centre of gravity, one end being bifurcated and
the other having a counterbalance weight,

page_text: 42. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, a curved bar such as c, of angular
section, adapted to receive the bifurcated end of the marking bar employed to mark
the diagram of the apparatus; substantially as described.
43. In a ship's recording compass or apparatus, placing the motor spring, when of
steel, concentric with the vertical axis of the magnetic needle, whereby its influence
upon the magnetic needle is neutralized..
Dated this 28th day of May 1890.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.