Improved Type-casting and Setting Machine.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1897-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Improved Type-casting and Setting Machine.
I, CHARLES MERAY-HORVÁTH, of Budapest, in the Kingdom of Hungary, and
Empire of Austria, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Type casting machines are known in which the types are cast in lines in the
order corresponding to the letter press to be printed.
The object of the present invention distinguishes itself in principle from the
aforesaid machines in that the printing surface is not cast line by line, but the
single letters, although cast exactly in the order corresponding to the letter press to
be printed, are yet east singly. For the attainment of this object the matrix
carriers move continuously to and fro before a type casting mould, and effect at
cach return motion by the aid of corresponding mechanisms the release of a matrix
ring from its carrier. The said ring then applies itself against the type mould,
and closes the same by means of the matrix corresponding to the type to be cast in
such a manner that the casting in question can be effected. After this is done the
matrix ring is again picked up by its carrier upon the return motion of the matrix
slide, whilst the cast type is moved on into the required position for the forming
of the sentence to be printed.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate by way of example one method
of constructing the apparatus:-
Figure 1 shews a front elevation.
Figure 2 a hind elevation.
Figure 3 a section.
Figure 4 an inside view of the type casting machine.
Figures 5 to 43 shew various details which will be described in the course of this
specification.
In order to give a clear description of the invention the various mechanisms are
hereinafter singly described as to their construction and function, whilst at the
end of the specification the method of operation of the whole machine is set forth
in combination.
THE MATRIX MECHANISM.
The matrices are placed in a frame Eshewn in Figure 5. This frame E c is
provided above with a bar E b (Figure 6) upon which bar are suspended a row of
thirty-one arms E side by side. The shape of each arm is illustrated in Figures
7, 12, and 14 and the position of the separate arms is shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
The arms E suspended on the bar Eb are under the influence of springs Fe
(Figure 6) which endeavour to press the said arms into the position shewn in
dotted lines. In this they are, however, prevented by means of the hooks E k
which usually engage with the projections Eh of the matrix arms. But when any one
of the hooks Ek is depressed by means of a hammer Ky which hammer is actuated
by a bar Ko (Figure 5) in such a manner that the said hammer K y strikes at the
proper moment upon the projection Ej of the hook E passing in front of it,
Price R71

page_text: the corresponding arm can spring forwards into the position shewn in dotted lines
at D and can then operate in the mauner hereinafter set forth. The drawing down
of the bar Ko is further fully described in this specification.
THE MATRICES.
Each matrix arm E supports a matrix ring 1 the shape of which is illustrated in
Figures 9, 10, 11 12, and 14. The said matrix rings lie in the corresponding
crescent shaped cavity of the arms E (Figure 7) and must in order to be applied to
the type mould, be raised out of the said cavity, and be afterwards returned to
the same.
In each matrix ring D are three matrices, as may be seen in Figures 9
to 12, namely, there are separate matrices for small and for capital letters as
well as for special signs. According as the one or the other of the three matrices
is to be used, the matrix ring is correspondingly applied to the type mould in order
to close the same, whereupon the type will be cast with a correspondingly shaped
face. The square hole Da of the matrix rings D (Figures 9 and 14) serves partly
for the lifting out of the matrix rings, and partly for revolving the same."
The 1
thickness of the letters is determined by the depressions D c as is hereinafter more
particularly described.
THE MATRIX SLIDES.
The frame Ec in which the matrix arms E (Figure 5) supporting the matrix
rings D are placed, travels usually continuously horizontally to and fro. The 2
forward movement completes itself in a guiding piece Fa (Figures 44, 5, and 6).
The movable piece F (Figure 6) is firmly secured to the frame e in both side
walls of which (Figures 5 and 6) the bar E 6 is supported, upon which the thirty-
one arms with the matrix rings rest. All these arms will consequently participate
in the motion of the slide. In Figure 5 the extreme right position of the slide is 2
shewn. The extreme left position is equally far distant from the middle line.
THE MOTION OF THE MATRIX SLIDE.
The motion of this apparatus proceeds from the main axle N. In Figure 13
there is shewn a ring G firmly attached to the frame and having an interior tooth-
ing. In the middle of this ring & revolves the main axle N, which axle possesses 3
an arm Ga bearing a pivot Ge placed parallel to the said axle N, and which
participates in the motion of the latter. Around the pivot Ge revolves the gear
wheel &d, which engages in the teeth Ge of the fixed toothed ring G. The gear
wheel Gd possesses a circular motion around the axle N, and rotates moreover
upon its own axis as may be clearly understood from the foregoing. If now the 3
radius of the toothed wheel be arranged as in the present invention to correspond
to one-half of the radius of the inner circle of the ring G, the point G 6 of the gear
wheel Gd will move in a straight line within the ring G to and fro owing to the
above described double motion. At this point G 6 the slide F is fixed, and the
same is consequently propelled in a straight line to and fro from the point t
to the diametrically opposite point & b¹.
THE TAKING OUT OF THE MATRICES.
to
It has been already stated that the matrix arms E and the matrix rings D sup-
ported therein move together with the matrix slide; consequently these rings will
also experience a horizontal motion in a straight line. If the matrix arms are 4
held by means of their projections E and Ek (Figure 6) they experience no
obstacle during this horizontal movement. If, however, pressure is exercised
the spring catches Ek at the projection Ej, and thereby the arm E is caused in
fall into the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 6, then the matrix ring under
operation will encounter a bar C 6 placed upon an arm Ca (Figures 3, 4, 12, 14, 5
14, 15, 16, 19, 20, and 22 by means of its opening Da (Figures 12 and 14°). The
aforesaid har Cb is placed directly opposite the mould A, and can be moved back
against the same,

page_text: If a matrix arm E be caused to take the position shewn dotted in Figure 6, and
its matrix ring 1) (Figure 12) strikes in consequence upon the bar C bits ring will
remain upon the said bar, whilst the matrix arm will move further and perform
the usual course with the other arms. The standing arm Ca (Figures 3,
14, and 16) possesses such a shape that the matrix arms E when there is no ring
suspended on them can easily pass by it. It is naturally of importance herein that
the crescent shaped form of the fixed arm Ca should be smaller than the crescent
shaped cavity of the matrix arms E. The crescent shaped cavity of the arms E
is prolonged below into a projection Ef and is limited above by a piece Ee
(Figure 7). The projection Ef engages in a slot Df of the matrix ring
(Figures 9 and 14') whilst the pin Ee can penetrate in the slot 1) b. In order to
hold the matrix rings firmly in the arms E, and yet to render them easily remov-
able therefrom, the piece Ee is adjustable under the resistance of a spring El
(Figure 14) and is moreover guided by bars placed upon a projection Ed of the
arm E. The cavity 1) b is arranged sloping in the manner shewn in Figures 10
and 11. Above and somewhat behind the bar C6 is placed an angle piece Bat
attached to the frame B (Figures 14, 14, and 14") the projection whereof Bb pos-
sesses the form shewn in Figures 14 and 14'. If now a matrix arm E be released
and the bar C6 and the angular piece Ba are passed by the said matrix arm
which has been projected outwards, then the projection Ee of the pin Ee will
come in contact with the projection Bb in the manner shewn in Figure 14°, and
will be pressed outwards in spite of the resistance of the spring Eg. The lower
end of the pin Ee can then easily slip out of the slot 1 6 of the matrix ring, and
the latter then remains firmly fixed upon the bar C whilst the matrix arm E
participates in the sliding motion with the other arms. If now the matrix arm E
in question, after its matrix ring has been made use of to close the type mould
returns again, the pin E e is again pressed out by aid of the projection Bb of the
angle piece Ba, so that the lower end of the projection can be easily inserted in
the slot 1 b. If the pin E engages sufficiently deeply in the slot, the piece Bb
liberates the pin Ee again to the action of the spring E, and the matrix ring is
again fixed firmly on its arm. The cavities Db and 1 fare bounded on the one
side by means of a wall D h, and are only open on the opposite side. This open
side consequently enables the withdrawal of the projection Ef, and the pin e
from the slots. The matrix arms, as will be hereinafter more fully described, are
always released together at one and the same point of their horizontal course, and
this is effected by means of a hammer K y, which hammer is just then drawn down
at each passage of the slide F (Figure 6), when the projection Ej of the catch Ek
which holds fast the requisite matrix arm E is exactly beneath the same. The
said hammer Ky can be depressed at thirty-one different moments of time during
the motion of the slide from right to left, so that any one of the thirty-one matrix
arms can be released during one course of the slide.
In order to effect the automatic return of the matrix arms into their original
position of rest, when the slide effects its downward motion the projections Ea
thereof slide upon the rail . This rail suddenly alters its course at the point le
(Figure 5) and is from that point to its end placed so deep down that the matrix
lovers which can only first project outwards beyond the point Fe, cannot touch
the said rail Fb with their projections E a. If now a matrix arm E, during the
notion of the slide from right to left (Figure 5) moves to the right, the pro-
jection Ea of the respective matrix arm will slide down the sloping surface of the
rail Fat Fe, and consequently will carry its arm E with it, which arm will
then be pressed back again from the position indicated in dotted lines in Figure 6
into the original position, whereupon the catch Ek again engages with the
projection Eh. When the arm has been pressed back into its original position it
has necessarily again collected the corresponding matrix.
APPLICATION OF THE MATRICES TO TILE TYPE MOULD.
If the matrix ring rests upon the bar C b, the matrix surface remains several

page_text: millimetres away from the type mould, and must then be pressed against the type
mould, in order to close the same and make the face of the latter in question. On
this account the matrix ring together with the bar C b, and with the piece C a,
which supports the said bar is caused to make a little movement against the type
mould.
The carrying out of this motion is effected by means of the arrangement illus-
trated in Figures 14 to 17. The piece Ca, which carries the bar C b, is capable of
displacement along the slide track Ch by aid of a dove-tailed sliding piece C f
(Figure 15) against the resistance of a spring Cg when the lever Ce (Figures 10
and 17) causes it to move in this way. The lever Ce revolves at C, and rests
with a roller Ck against a disc S, which disc is kept continuously rotating by
means of the main driving-axle. The said disc S possesses moreover a projection Sa,
which operates the lever c once at each revolution of the disc S. The end of the
lever C'e which projects over the slide Cf then presses against a screw on the
said slide and thereby displaces the latter in such a manner that the bar Cb,
together with the matrix is moved against the type mould A. This latter is
thereby closed and at the same moment the pouring of the molten metal takes
place.
ROTARY DISPLACEMENT OF THE MATRIX RINGS TO SMALL. LETTERS, CAPITALS
OR SIGNS.
As may be seen from Figures 9 and 12, each matrix ring possesses three different
matrices, that is one matrix is preferably a capital letter, the second a small letter
and the third a figure or the like. The bar C is capable of being turned together
with the matrix ring. If the said bar is not turned, then the middle matrix is
applied to the type mould, but if the said bar be turned to a small degree to the
one or the other side, then the one or the other of the two remaining matrices will
come into operation. The said bar C is supported by the arm Ca and possesses
at the side opposite to the rectangle a piece cut-out C7 (Figures 19/25). In front
of the said piece C1 (Figures 19, 20 and 21) two bars Cn, Cm can pass, which bars
are connected to armatures standing under the ends of the electro-magnets C r.
The inner ends of these bars have usually such a position that they do not quite
reach the part C 7, but remains a little short of it as illustrated in dotted lines in
Figure 19.
With the motion hereinabove described with relation to the pressing
of the matrices against the type mould aforesaid the bar Cb also moves forwards
in order to reach the type mould, carrying with it the matrix ring. The direction
of this motion is indicated in Figure 21 by the arrow. In order to make the turn-
ing of the matrix and of the bar Cb clearly intelligible let us assume that both
the bars Cn, Cm have been thrust inwards by means of their electro-magnets Cr
and with them now lie with their inner ends before the part C 7. In this case
both the aforesaid ends of the bars (m, (n, stand in the way of the advance of
the supporting bar and of the part C 7, and either the points of the bars C m, C n,
or the part C6 would be broken; but the said bars 3m, C » never arrive simul-
taneously at the part C, but on the other hand only one thereof can ever he
brought in contact with the said part C7 at the same time. Consequently if the
bar Cm, is pushed forward (Figure 25) this bar forms a stop for C, if a motion
thereof is to follow in the direction of the arrow shewn in Figure 21. On this
account the upper part then remains behind (Figure 25) and the bar then revolves
with the matrix ring placed thereon until the lower matrix (Figure 9) reaches
the mould. If however the other bar Ca, be pushed in, this resists the advance
of the supporting har and of the part 7 (Figure 24) the upper part of the matrix
ring turns downwards so that the matrices close the type mould. The turning of
the matrix rings consequently depends essentially upon the position of the
bar Cm Cn. The manner in which the electro-magnet Cr controls these bars
will be further described hereafter. The matrix rings together with the matrix
bar Cb, must however also he brought back again into the normal position. For
this purpose there are provided at the points of the discs C L'in which the

page_text: Before these pro-
is provided a fixed
moves forward in
bars Cm Cn engage, projections C o, Cp (Figures 20 and 21.).
jections the ends of Cm Cn come to lie, and behind the same
wall C (Figures 20, 21, 22, 24, and 25). When the piece C
the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 21 the said wall C ५ does not
interpose, consequently C can move and turn. If, however, the discs return to
the original position after having been displaced by the bar C m, or by the bar Cn,
then either Co Cp will first strike against the said wall C 7 whereby each time
a turning back of the part C7 and of the bar Cb will result. Figure 21 shews
them when in the normal position of the parts both Co as also Cp rest against C q.
VARIOUS SIZES OF LETTERS.
The surface X (Figures 26, 27, 42 and 43) forms one side of the type mould
and is attached to a bar X, which bar causes the space forming the mould for the
letter to be wider or narrower according as it is placed further to the right or to
the left (Figure 26), this bar consequently determines the size of the letter. The
bar X is always drawn into its extreme position at a given moment of the revolution
of the main shaft. This is effected by means of the lever X 6 (Figures 4, 26,
and 28) attached to the end of the bar which is pressed outwards by means of the
eccentric T (Figures 3 and 4). Whilst the eccentric exercises this pressure, and
the bar is brought into the outermost position, the matrix ring passes upon the
bar. As soon as this ring is placed thereon the eccentric releases the lever X b
standing under the control of the spring X c (Figure 26) whereupon the piece ✗
is drawn into the innermost position. If no matrix ring is upon the bar the piece X
passes so far inwards, that the surface Xa presses against the cylinder Y (Figures 26
and 4), the type mould is consequently entirely closed. If, however, a matrix
ring is upon the bar, the mould cannot be closed because the piece X possesses a
projection X d (Figures 26 and 27) which projection can pass through the square
hole Cd shewn in Figure 14 up to the matrix ring, so that the terminal point X e
of the said projection X d (Figure 27) penetrates to the end of one of the per-
forations of the matrix ring 1) (Figure 9). For each letter or each sign there
is provided a perforation 1) c and each of these perforations is arranged so deep that
the pieced with its point Xe can only penetrate so far that the part X remains
distant from the cylinder Y exactly by the amount of the required size of letter.
The size of the letter is consequently exactly regulated by the matrix rings, or by
the perforations Dc thereon.
In order to prevent the metal poured into the mould from pressing the same
apart it is necessary to provide a resisting piece which prevents the pressing back
of the part X, and ensures the unchangeability of the respective sizes of the letters.
For this purpose there is provided upon the piece X a ring X f (Figures 28 and 28*).
The said ring is revoluble upon the bar X and the latter can slide in the former
either inwards or outwards. The said ring is provided underneath with a rack Xg
in which engage the teeth of the sector Xh shewn separately in Figure 28°. This
sector revolves upon Xi, and the rack enables the ring ✗f to be adjusted by means
of the sector Xh. Underneath the said sector is fixed a piece X ; (Figure 28)
which is continuously pressed inwards by means of a spring X k, consequently the
spring tends to press also the sector X h into its original position. At the inner
end of the bar Xj is provided a roller X 1, which under the influence of the
spring presses against the rail X m placed behind X 7 (Figure 28). This
ail Xm is however fixed to the matrix slide, and is secured together with the
mil Em (Figure 5) so that it moves with the slide and oscillates before the
roller X. By means of the curve of the rail which is formed at X m the roller X /
is pressed forward during tho advance of the slide, whereby the sector X h, and
together with it the ring ✗f are caused to turn.
Attached to the ring X fare several long pins Xn which change their position
in a circular direction on the turning of the aforesaid ring. There is, moreover
attached to the piece X a corresponding projection X o (Figure 28) which also
alters its position according to the motion of the piece X and moves with the same

page_text: inwards or outwards. If the piece X is in the position furthest to the outside,
then the ring Xf will have such a position that the pin Xo experiences no resistance
through one of the pins X n. In this case the sector X h will assume the position
shown in Figure 42. If, however, the matrix ring adjusts the part X and the
size of the letter, then the operation of the rail X m allows the roller X / under
the pressure of the spring X to be pressed down into the lower position, and the
sector X strives to return again together with the ring X f and its projecting
pins X into its original position. But this action is only possible for it as far
as Xo of the piece X will permit, that is to say, corresponding to the determined
size of the letter. A longer pin than the selected one cannot pass X v. In
Figure 4 the piece X controlled by the respective matrix ring D is shewn pressed
inwards so far that only the longest pin X strikes upon X o.
The second longest
pin X is then exactly opposite to Xo and thus prevents any pressing back of the
piece X. It depends further upon the size of the selected letter whether one of
the shorter pins can also strike against Xo, and in such case the pin x n lying
next to it will effect the stoppage of the piece X.
THE CASTING OF THE TYPE.
To the type mould arranged and controlled in the manner above set forth the
orifice of the melting pot Z (Figures 2 and 3) is applied on the opposite side to
that of the matrices. The said melting pot is arranged in the usual manner and
possesses internally the pump apparatus with the plunger to force out the fluid
metal. The plunger is actuated by the lever Z a (Figure 2) supported in bear-
ings at one end, and actuated at the other end by means of the rod Z c to a
spring. In opposition to the pressure of the spring the eccentric V rotating with
the main axle, and against which revolves the roller V a (Figures 2 and 3). The
arm Z a can only then fall down when the roller V a engages in the cavity b
of the eccentric (Figure 4). This cavity which causes the pouring of the metal
effects its object at the moment in which the matrix ring is pressed against the
type mould.
THE TAKING OUT OF THE CAST TYPE.
During the casting of the type the cylinder Y (Figures 2, 4, 20 and 28) forms
the surface opposite to the movable wall X a (Figure 26) and moreover it presents
the side turned away from the pouring orifice and illustrated in Figure 28.
The side forms thereby the piece corresponding to the foot of the type, whereas
the side Ym (Figures 28 and 43) after the revolution of the cylinder Y serves
as a support to the matrix ring pressed against it at the moment of the casting
upon the opposite side to that of the piece X d.
The axler (Figure 4) of the cylinder Y hears a toothed wheel Y (Figures +
and 28) in which engages the toothed sector Yd placed beneath it, and which
revolves upon its axle Ye (Figure 4). This toothed sector Y d moves the cylinder Y
to and fro half a revolution, so that the part Y a (Figure 26) of the said cylinder
interchanges its position alternately with the part Y 7. Consequently the mould
is alternately shut off by Y a and Y 7. In both terminal positions the cylinder
remains stationary for a moment, owing to the arrangement of the eccentric U
(Figures 3 and 4) against which the roller Ua is pressed by the spring U b. The
roller a transmits its motion through the arm Uc to the arm Yg, which bears
the toothed segment Yd and by means thereof rocks the cylinder Y. During
the casting the part of the cylinder marked "Y" forms one part of the mould.
At the moment when the matrix ring descends from the pin the cylinder turns,
shaves the letter at one side by means of the knife Y (Figure 26) and assumes
the position shewn in Figure 26. The part Y j is then opposite to the letter
which fits exactly in the slot thereof. The slotted carrier Y is pressed outwards
by means of a spring Yk. If the matrix D offers to the piece X no further resis-
tance it will be drawn inwards by means of its spring X c in such a manner that
to close the type mould and to press the finished type outwards into the cylinder Y

page_text: during the revolution of the cylinder the type revolving with it passes at its other sido
over a knife Yt and is pressed by means of the slotted carrier Y; continuously against
the inner surface of the fixed semicircular guide Y z. When it leaves this latter
the spring presses the slotted carrier, and this in turn presses the type outwards.
The types consequently arrange themselves in a channel side by side exactly
corresponding to the text to be printed.
THE ALTERNATING ACTION OF THE MATRIX RINGS.
In consequence of the arrangement of the electromagnetic releasing
mechanism H, of the combination disc K, and of the electric composing device L
(Figure 3) those matrix rings are selected which are required to operate in order
to cast the type in the requisite order corresponding to the text. The matrix rings
rest in the arms of the matrix frame, and these arms share in the to and fro
motion of the slide as already set forth. The matrix ring of a matrix arm which
has been projected forwards slides down upon the pin C 6 as already fully
explained. Out of the 31 matrix arms, that arm operates which has been released
from its hook Ek, (Figure 6) and whose hooked projection E receives a pressure.
This pressure is exercised by the hammer K y (Figure 30) which hammer occupies
the place indicated in Figures 5 and 6 with regard to the passing slide. The
point of the hammer Ky lies exactly over the spring hooked projections Ej so
that a slight blow suffices to move one of the hooked projections Ej. The
hammer effects its motion at the moment of time during which the hooked pro-
jections Ej are passing under it. That one of the hooked projections Ej which
finds itself at the moment of a blow exactly under the hammer K y is consequently
depressed.
THE COMBINATION DISC.
r
The moment of the stroke of the hammer is determined by the combination
disc with its several organs. The combination disc K (Figure 3, 4ª, 29, 30, and 33)
is divided at its periphery by means of the annular rib Ka in two strips. This
rib is cut out at the point Kb. Upon about one-third of the total periphery there
are provided in both parts alternately right and left from Ka depressions. The
periphery of the combination disc is shown rolled out flat in Figure 33; the
shaded parts indicate the depressions which are also shewn in Figures 30 and 32
at Kg. Five two-armed lever keys Ke (Figures 20 to 32) rest upon the surface of the
combination disc. The lower ends of these lever keys rest against the disc K.
These keys have above correspondingly shaped heads. The said heads are arranged
side by side and touch one another, and the lever koys are somewhat revoluble
upon the axis K d. Beside the five lever keys there is provided a 6th key K
which has no lower limb and the head of which also rests against the other heads.
This head of K e exercises a pressure in the direction of the arrow (Figure 32) upon
the other five heads, because this lever key Ke is rigidly attached to the bar K i,
and the said bar is under the pressure of a spring K f (Figure 30). Conse-
quently e exercises a pressure upon the remaining five heads of the lever
keys K whose lower limbs are thereby pressed against the dise. The lower
limbs of the lever keys Krest when in their usual position on one side of the
dividing wall Ka against the periphery of the combination disc K. During the
time that this disc revolves under the said keys the lower limbs thereof pass over
the depressions K (Figure 32). If at any point of the said periphery there
were five cavities provided one behind the other then the lever keys could all fall
therein, and could yield to the pressure in the direction of the arrow, and sink
down somewhat. Upon the sinking of these lever keys and by means of the con-
necting organs KK/KmKo the hammer Ky revoluble upon Kz is brought
into action with its point and this point delivers a little blow upon the hooked
projection Ej Fig. 6. As, however, may be seen from Figure 33 there never
follow five consecutive depressions in one division of the periphery. If, how-
ever, any one of the five lever keys is held up, as for instance, in Figure 32, the first

page_text: key, then this will cause a resistance to the pressure exercised upon the leads
of the keys in the direction of the arrow. There can consequently occur no sink-
ing of the lever keys, and consequently no stroke of the hammer K y can follow.
A sinking of the 5 lever keys K ć, a falling forward of the sixth key Ke and con-
sequently a blow of the hammer K y can only occur when all five keys K o cach
find beneath them a depression. In the rotation of the combination disc K there
are 31 such moments, wherein all five keys can find their corresponding depres
sions. This is attained by the arrangement that the one or the other lever key K c
and one division of the periphery quits the one side of the dividing wall Ka
in order to be thrust over upon the other side. This action takes place where the
dividing wall of the rib Ka is interrupted (Figures 29, 30, and 33 K b). Accord-
ing as the one or the other lever key is brought over to the other side in
combination, the 31 combinations can be produced by arrangements of the five
lever keys, which may be easily verified by calculation. The displacing of the
Beparate lever keys Kc is attained thus:-
The keys with their axles K d form a single piece, and the said axles are suppor-
ted in the walls K & K j (Figure 29). If pressure be exercised upon the end pro-
jecting at K of the axle K d the axle can be pushed in and with it the lever key
is also pushed in or is brought to the other side of the divided wall K a. The
lever keys nevertheless continue to lie with their heads together, because as shewn
in Figure 31 they are sufficiently wide for this purpose. According as the five
lever keys are divided on each side of the dividing wall K a and as the combina-
tion disc rotates beneath them, there is constantly a given moment at which the
lever keys are brought to sink. At that time there follows consequently a blow
of the hummer. If the arrangement of the depressions shewn in Figure 33 be
examined it will be found that for each combination position of the five lever keys tho
moment when the whole set of keys falls down is determined at one point of the
periphery, namely, at the point where the variously adjusted lever keys can fiud
beneath them five depressions. The selection of these 31 points of the rotation
determines the special matrix arın which is released by cach several combination
position of the lever keys.
In Figures 30 and 33 are shewn the projection Kn which after cach revolution
of the disc K raises again the depressed keys into their original position with
relation to the rib K a.
THE OPERATION OF THE ELECTROMAGNETS.
Each lever key corresponds to a separate electromagnet II (Figures 3, 29 and 34).
The said electromagnets are designed to determine each combination position
the lever keys Kc shall take in the two divisions of the periphery of the com-
bination disc K, and which of the five lever keys shall proceed out of its normal
position into the other track of the periphery of the disc. Above each electro-
magnet is provided an armature H a, which armature possesses its bearing at IT b.
If a magnet has the electric current flowing through it, the armature, and with it
the projection H e, attached thereto will be attracted. Below each projection Hr
is provided an angle lever H d revolving around H e, which angle lever reaches
downwards with its other arm H f. These five angle levers lic side by side ns
shewn in Figure 34, and are held in their normal position by means of the
spring Hg (Figure 29), the said springs having a notch at their heads H h, in
which rest the upper limbs of the angle lovers I d. If now a pressure is applied
to Hd by means of the electromagnet, the spring Hg will yield to the pressure
and the point of the angle lever Hd can fall below the notch of the head II h of
the spring Hg. Owing to this alteration in the position of the angle lever the
lower limb Hf also takes up a different position, and so that it is pressed upon
the disc Hirotating beneath it.
The disc H has a projection Hj (Figure 29). The perpendicular surface H7
of this projection can pass by the angle levers Hd Hf when these latter are in
their normal position in such a manner that it will not touch them, and conse-

page_text: quently exerts no influence upon them. If, however, an angle lever Hd Hf is
depressed by means of the electromagnet and consequently the lower limb If is
applied to the disc Hi, then Hf will slip into the track Hk owing to the influence
of the projection Hj of the disc. In this track moreover the angle lever the under
limb of which has been applied to the disc by means of the operation of the electro-
magnet experiences a further compulsory motion in the direction of the lever
key K c. Before each angle lever Hd Hf is placed one of the five axles K d of
the five lever keys K c (Figure 29). Through the above described compulsory
further motion of the limb Hf of the angle lever these axles Kd of the lever
koys Kc are pressed sideways to the inside, and push over into the other track of
the disc periphery at the opening Kb made in the corresponding place of the
rib Ka.
The levers remain only for a moment in the displaced position because
the track His arranged as an angle, and the lever Hf consequently is brought
back again into its original position. The upper limb Hd then again engages in
the head H h of the spring H g.
From what has been above set forth it will be evident that the choice of the
Jetters depends upon the actual combination of the excitement of the electro-
magnets.
THE COMPOSING MECHANISM.
As already stated the choice of the letters depends upon which of the electro-
magnets are excited. This alternating play of the magnets and of the currents is
determined by carrying out the operation corresponding to the setting of the type
in a determined order by means of a key-board. Moreover the excitation of the
electromagnets is not effected directly by means of the said key board but holes
are made in a paper strip.
Figure 39 shews a portion of a paper strip perforated in this manner in which
each horizontal row of holes forms one perforated combination, and corresponds
to a single letter or sign. The group I/V is a five combination corresponding to
the lever keys K c. The vertical holes going through all close to the group I/V
are intended to correspond to the roller L hereinafter described for the purpose of
the guiding of the paper strip. The sixth and seventh (VI. and VII.) row of holes
corresponds cach to one function, which penetrates the rotating of the matrix rings
and adjusting thereof to large or small letters or figures by means of the bars
Cm C. This paper strip passes through the machine and effects automatically
the exciting of the corresponding electromagnets H, in order to bring about the
casting of the requisite types for the text in question. In the front view (Figure 1)
and in the section (Figure 3) this composing device L M is shewn and the same is
illustrated in detail in Figures 35 to 40. In Figures 35, 36 and 38 is shown a
roller L in front, side, and upper view, together with a row of teeth L a, and for
this row of teeth the above described set of holes is devised which effects the guid-
ing of the paper strip. Below the roller is placed the contact strip L which piecu
is indicated in dotted lines in Figure 35. Toothed wheels Q and Q¹ transfer the
motion of the belt pulley R to the main shaft.
.
The main shaft of the machine projects at N and bears there a little eccen-
tric N a.
This eccentric serves to move the lever L supported at Lc and rising
at each rotation. The upper part of this lever L d (Figure 35) presses at each
revolution of the shaft N against an arm Lf of the roller L, whereby each time a
tooth Lg of the roller is engaged, and the latter is moved one tooth further. The
spring Lh draws the arm Lf continuously back into its normal position. Together
with the roller the paper strip recedes further, and places itself so that each time
a new horizontal row of holes (Figure 39) comes to lie over the contact points Li
(Figures 35 and 36) viewed from below (Figure 40). Both the roller and the con-
tact points are constructed of conducting material; consequently wherever a hole
occurs in the paper strip there will be electrical contact between the points and the
roller, and consequently an electric circuit for the corresponding electromagnet is
closed, whereas at those points where there are no holes in the paper the contact

page_text: points will be insulated from the roller, and consequently the electrical circuit for
the corresponding electromagnets will be interrupted. The contact points are
attached to springs, and only apply themselves to the roller when this as well as
the paper strips is in the position of rest. Whilst the roller is being moved on and
carrying paper with it the arm L d is in motion as above stated. To this arm there
is morcover attached the piece Lj which terminates in the eccentric cylinder L k
(Figure 35). As often as the lever L d is moved, that is to say, as often as it
effects the transporting of the paper strip, this eccentric cylinder presses down the
contact points and removes them therefore from the roller L, so that a contact can
only result when the paper and the roller are at rest.
The contact springs and the roller are placed over a current distributor. Each
contact point corresponds to a pair of sectors Ma belonging to this distributor.
The sector rings are preferably inserted in ebonite (Figures 35 and 37,) and over
the same revolves the double brush M6 (Figures 35 and 36). The conducting con-
nection between the inner and outer sectors of each pair is thus effected. In this
mauner each electromagnet receives the undivided strength of the current. The con-
ducting system is shewn diagrammatically in Figure 41.
In addition to the five pairs of sectors there are provided two other pairs of
sectors Me (Figure 35). These serve for the oscillating of those parts which upon
the turning of the matrix rings act upon capitals or signs (Figures 18 and 19,
hars Cm Cn). With reference to these parts it has been stated that one of the two
bara Cm Cn must be pushed in in order to effect the turning of the respective
matrix ring in the one or the other direction. This pushing in of the bars is effected
by means of two double electromagnets Cr. The one pair presses against the lower
har Cm and the other against the upper bar Cn (Figures 18 and 19) according as
there is a hole in the row VI. or VII. of the paper strip (Figure 39).
CONDUCTOR DIAGRAM.
The current comes from the battery and flows into the guide roller L
(Figures 35, 36, and 38). The holes of the paper strip are marked "L"; through
each of these holes the current flows into a corresponding outer sector Ma Me of
the current distributor. As this sector is connected with the corresponding lower
sector by means of the aforesaid brush, an electromagnet H or C >
(Figures 29, 34, 18, 19) will be thereby excited. After this the current flows over
the common line back to the paper. At each revolution of the shaft N any desired
number of the electromagnets H or Cr can obviously be excited.
Other letters on drawings not referred to hitherto in the specification are as
follows
Tr (Fig. 4) is a roller on the lever Xb and which is driven by a curved disc
upon the excentric axle, which effects the motion of the slide X outwardly, over-
coming the tension of the spring X c. Eg (Fig. 6) is a spring which assures that
the part E remains in engagement with the part Eh. When a matrix lever is
released the hammer Ky strikes the projection Ej and overcomes the tension of
the spring Eg.
Le (Fig. 36) (see also Fig. 35) represents a projection upon the upper part of the
lever Ld and moves at the correct time the lever Lf which effects the further
action of the contact-rim-transport. P (Fig. and 3) is a balance wheel which
regulates the speed of the machine, and Y(Fig. 4) a segment which effects the
rotation of the cylinder Y. Lin (Fig. 35 and 40) are clamp or contact screws to
which the electric wires are secured. Lm is a transverse beau to which the contact
springs are screwed.
MODE
OF OPERATING.
In order to operate the machine a contact strip L (Figure 39) perforated to
correspond to the text to be printed is inserted in the machine and the same is
started. At each revolution of the main shaft N of the machine the respective
operating perforated combination of the contact strip causes the excitation of the
E

page_text: "
corresponding electromagnets H or Cr (Figure 41). In order to make this clear
by means of an example, let us assume that the letter "R" is to be set, and that
this letter corresponds to the excitation of the middle magnet and of that lying to
the right (Figure 41) and that moreover the lower electromagnet Cr must be excited
in order that the adjustment of the matrix for the large letter "R can take place.
The armatures Ha of both of the excited magnets H (Figure 29) are now attracted,
and the corresponding angle levers strike with their lower ends Hf the correspond-
ing lever keys Ke on the other side of the rib Ka. This action causes the lower
ends of the lever keys Kc (Figure 30) to fall into the corresponding cavities Kg of
the disc K at au exactly determined moment during the revolution of the main
shaft, and that at this moment the spring Kf draws down the hammer K y by
means of the pieces KiK/Km Ko. Beneath the hammer Ky will then be placed
This arm
just that blade EA which corresponds to the required matrix arm E.
consequently will swing out into the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 6,
and during the further motion of the continuously oscillating slide the matrix
ring D remains fixed upon the pin Cb (Figure 42) whilst the matrix arms together
with the projecting one complete their motion. When the matrix frame has reached
its outermost position to the left, the matrix arm E which lies furthest to the right
has already passed the hammer Ky, so that each one of the 31 matrix arms can be
released. Whilst the matrix ring ) is brought upon the pin Cb (Figure 42) the
cylinder Y has revolved so far that it forms oue side of the type mould by means of
its part (Figure 43). The other side which is opposite to the cylinder Y is
formed of the moving piece X which in the meantime has brought the cylinder Y
as near as is permitted by the projection Xd penetrating into the corresponding
hole of the matrix ring. The space between the cylinder and the moving piece X
Before
will consequently exactly correspond to the size of the desired letter "R.'
the piece assumes its innermost position, the matrix D will of course have been
applied to the mould after it has been sufficiently turned by means of the bar Un
(Figure 19). After the aforesaid parts have taken the position shown in Figure 43,
the fluid metal is pressed through the orifice A, and the casting of the letter R is
completed. The parts now return back into their original position, and the complete
letter is despatched as before described down a channel where one letter adjusts
itself to the previous letter exactly according to the text to be printed.
At cach rotation of the main shaft this operation is repeated anew, and at each
passage of the matrix slide one matrix ring is brought upon the pin C6 and is upon
the return motion of the matrix slide, and after the casting has been effected again
brought back into its original position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is: :-
1. A type casting machine characterized by the arrangement of a number of
matrix arms E capable of moving to and fro before a type mould A, which arms
are released according to the text to be printed and can then during their
motion in one direction deliver a matrix directly in front of the type mould to a
pin C whilst the said matrix can be pressed against the type mould, in order to
form the required face of the type in combination with a device which enables
the aforesaid previously released matrix arm to again take up upon itself its
matrix ring D during its backward movement, and can then return again into the
controlled position.
2. A type casting machine such as set forth in Claim 1 in which the matrix
arms are revolubly supported side by side in the frame Ec capable of moving
to and fro, and are moreover each under the control of a spring Fe which spring
can cause its respective arm-to project with its lower end bearing the matrix ring D,
as soon as the said spring can act after the release of a catch E by means of a
hammer K which hammer can be caused to descend at each course of the slido
at a given moment corresponding to the required text to be printed.
y

page_text: 3. A type casting machine as set forth in Claims 1 and 2 characterized by the
rrangement that the matrix arms E possess a movable pin Fe under the control
of a spring E. The end of the said spring engaging in the matrix piece lies in
sloping cavity D b, of the matrix ring, so that the matrix piece cau be released
rom the arm, because the pin Ee can be pressed outwards against the resistance
of the spring E by means of a curved projection B attached to the angle
iece Ba rigidly fixed at the point of the release of the matrix.
4. In a type casting machine according to Claims 1 to 3 the arrangement:
(a) Of a mechanism for the automatic adjustment of the various sizes of
letters characterized by the forming of the one wall Xa of the type mould
by a piece X, which at each revolution of the main shaft and before each
casting can always reach its outermost position and which is connected with a
spring which strives to draw the said piece X into the innermost position,
but which is hindered in this effort by the projection X upon the piece X
and projecting to the matrix; the said projection X d finds resistance by
means of its end Xc in a hole Dc of the actual matrix ring D, and thus permits
the movable wall of the type mould which is formed by the piece X to advance
only so far as the depth of the said hole permits, so that hereby a regulation
of the size of the letter is obtained.
(b) An arrangement by means of which the locking of the mould regulated
in the aforesaid manner against the pressure of the type metal flowing into it
is effected by means of a ring Xf which can turn before the fixing of the size
of the letter out of the track of the pin X o, and which after the size of the
letter has been adjusted can move back again until one of its projections Xn
which are of various lengths strikes against the piu Xo, whereupon the cou-
tiguous short bar X lies in the same direction as the pin X o, and thus
prevents any pressing back of the piece X.
J. In a type casting machine as set forth in Claims 1 to 4 the arrangement for
evolving the matrix rings D so that by means of oue and the same ring either
apital or small letters or signs may be cast at will, characterized by the arrange-
ent that the matrix holder C 6 can revolve, when one of two bars Um Cn comes
olie before its projecting parts Cp Co in order by the pressing of the matrix
gainst the type mould upon the under or upper side to cause a resistance tending
o turn the same, whereupon the two bars Cm Cm can be moved by their corre-
ponding electromagnets alternately under the parts Cp Co of the matrix receiv-
g piece, in order to effect the requisite revolving motion thereof.
6. In a type casting machine such as set forth in Claims 1 to 5 the arrangement
or the moving to and fro of the matrix frame Ee characterized by the arrange-
ent that a gear wheel Gd can revolve in a toothed ring (t of double its diameter.
ud is thereby caused to make together with a point connected to the matrix
rame a horizontal rectilinear to and fro movement, which movement is cousc-
uently shared by the matrix frame and its arms E.
Dated this 5th day of June 1897
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.