IMPROVE- IN LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND. APPARATUS THEREFOR, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES." MENTS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fuller Shallis and Thomas Cooper John Thomas,
both of the Minories, in the City of London, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
IN LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND. APPARATUS THEREFOR,
PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
MENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fuller Shallis and
Thomas Cooper John Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 28th February 1881.
JOHN FULLER SHALLIS and THOMAS COOPER JOHN THOMAS, both of the
Minories, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.".
According to our Invention the interiors of railway carriages are lighted by
lamps carried outside, and which do not project into the interiors of the carriages
as is now usual.
For this purpose we provide a chamber in communication by a passage or
passages with one or more compartments of the carriage. The said chamber is to
contain a lamp or lamps that will project light against a reflector or reflectors, so
arranged as to reflect or refract such light through a lens or prism, or lenses or
prisms, into. the carriage. By this arrangement the reservoir of oil or spirit from
which the lamp is supplied is isolated from the interior of the carriage.
*
A lantern suitable for the purposes of our Invention we construct with a top as
follows: The top is a chamber with a perforated bottom plate, in which is a
conical tube, whose lower and larger end surrounds the lamp chimney. With the
cover above the said tube is formed an annular chamber that may be triangular or
of analogous shape in cross section. It communicates by holes with the interior of
the top, also by an annular opening or series of holes with the external air. The
products of combustion and heated air from the lamp arriving in the top. by the
conical tube, and the perforations in its surrounding plate respectively enter the
said annular chamber by the first named holes and pass out by the annular opening
or secondly named series of holes formed in the top. The arrangement has the effect
of checking down draught, and may be used in lanterns for various purposes. Also
other arrangements of lantern may be used in connection with our mode of
transmitting light into railway carriages, as above set forth.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Fuller Shallis and Thomas Cooper John Thomas in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 25th August 1881.
JOHN FULLER SHALLIS and THOMAS COOPER JOHN THOMAS, both of the
Minories, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
According to our Invention the interiors of railway carriages are lighted by
lamps carried outside, and which do not project into the interiors of the carriages
as is now usual.
For this purpose we provide a chamber in communication by a passage or
passages with one or more compartments of the carriage. The said chamber is to
contain a lamp or lamps that will project light against a reflector or reflectors or
refractor, so arranged as to reflect or refract such light through a lens or prism or
lenses or prisms into the carriage. By this arrangement the reservoir of oil or spirit
from which the lamp is supplied is isolated from the interior of the carriage.
A lantern suitable for the purposes of our Invention we construct with a top as
follows: The top is a chamber with a perforated bottom plate, in which is a
conical tube, whose lower and larger end surrounds the lamp chimney. With the
cover above the said tube is formed an annular chamber that may be triangular or
of analogous shape in cross section. It communicates by holes with the interior of
the top, also by an annular opening or series of holes with the external air. The
products of combustion and heated air from the lamp arriving in the top by the
conical tube and the perforations in its surrounding plate respectively enter the
said annular chamber by the first named holes and pass out by the annular opening
or secondly named series of holes formed in the top. The arrangement has the
effect of checking down draught, and may be used in lanterns for various purposes.
Also other arrangements of lantern may be used in connection with our mode of
transmitting light into railway carriages as above set forth.
Referring to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Fig. 1 illustrates in central
longitudinal vertical section the application of our Invention to illuminate two
compartments. Fig. 2 is a sectional plan in line x, x, Fig. 1.
A is the chamber communicating by passages B, B' with the compartments C, C¹.
In the chamber A is the lamp D, which may be of the kind described in the
Specification, No. 2604 of 1880, for which Letters Patent were granted to one of
us, viz., John Thomas Cooper Thomas, and is so shewn in the Drawings.
Light from the burner E is emitted through two truncated conical or pyramidal
reflecting chambers F, F', and is directed along the passages B, B¹ towards the
mirrors or reflectors G, G', by which it is downwardly reflected through openings
in the roof of the carriage into the compartments. In front of the reflecting
chamber F is shewn a lens or bull's eye b, to condense the rays of light into a
parallel beam or nearly so before they enter the passage B¹. Below the reflector G¹
there is a glass bowl or basin or saucer H, which may be clear or ground or of
opal, and may or may not contain liquid to tint or to refract the light. At the left
hand of the Figure the optical arrangement is slightly different, there being no lens
before the reflector, but there is a lens I fixed below the reflector G to disperse the
light over the compartment. As will be seen, the arrangement is such that the
lamp and its reservoir are external to and isolated from the interior of the
carriage.
In the top of the lamp is a chamber K with a perforated bottom plate L, upon
which is seated the conical tube M, whose lower and larger end surrounds the
chimney N. The cover O has an annular chamber P of triangular shape in cross

page_text: section, which communicates by holes h, h, with the chamber K, and by the annular
opening with the air external to the said chamber K, (in this case the air in the
chamber A which enters and leaves that chamber by perforations as shewn).
Figs. 3 and 4 are vertical and cross sections to a larger scale of a lamp top
according to this Invention, the parts being indicated by like letters of reference
to those used in Figs. 1 and 2.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which
it is to be performed or carried into practical effect, we would have it understood
that what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to
us under the Letters Patent herein before first in part recited is,-
1. The method of lighting the interior of a railway carriage by means of a lamp
carried outside thereof, and the light from which is reflected or refracted into the
carriage, substantially as and by the means hereinbefore described with reference to
Figs. 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
2. The improved lamp top constructed, arranged, and operating, substantially as
hereinabove described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Fuller Shallis and Thomas Cooper
John Thomas, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty Fifth
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one.
(L.S.)
JOHN FULLER SHALLIS.
THOMAS COOPER JOHN THOMAS. (L.S.)