CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION AND SPINNING OF COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, Jonn
TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, DAVID
CHEETHAM, of the same Place, Machine Maker, and JOHN WALLACE DUNCAN,
of Manchester, in the same County, Gentleman, send greeting
WHEREAS He present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Butain, beaning date at West-
minster, the Twenty-muth day of June, in the tenth year of He reign, and
in the year of our I ord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six, did, for
Ileiselt, Her hens and successors, give and grant unto us, the sand John
Tatham, David Cheetham, and John Wallace Duncan, ler especial license,
full power. sole privilege and authority, that we, the said John Tatham,
David Cheetham, and John Wallace Duncan, our executois, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Tathanı. David Cheetham.
and John Wallace Duncan, our exccutors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, excicise, and vend. within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed. our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION AND SPINNING OF COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES." in which said Letters l'atent is contained a proviso
that we. the said John Tatham. David Cheetham, and John Wallace Duncan,
or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of om sand
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be emolled in

page_text: Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within sık calendar months next and
inunediately after the date of the said in pait recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, 1eference being thereunto had, will more fully and at laige
appear
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jolin Tatham, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the two Sheets of Diawings hereto annexed, and
the following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
Our Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus to be used in the l'repara-
tion and Spinning of Cotton and other Fibious Substances apply,-
"
Fustly, to the scutche or "lap machine," which is employed for the
purpose of cleansing the cotton or other fibrous material, and lapping it in a
compact or even sheet or lap upon a roller preparatory to its being fed into
the carding engine, and consists in a new arrangement of 1ollers for com-
pressing or calendering the sheet of cotton or other fibrous material previous
to its being lapped upon the roller, and also in a new method of weighing the
calendering rollers, whereby the pressure is gradually increased as the sheet
of cotton or other fibrous material approaches "the lap"
The second part of our Invention consists in the employment or use of an
apparatus for the purposo of collecting the short fibres of cotton or other
fibious material from the dust which is blown by the fan from the "scutche
or "lap machine"
"
The thud part of our Invention is an improvement upon machinery or
apparatus, being the subject-matter of former Letters Patent granted to the
above-named John Tatham and David Cheetham by Пer present most Excel-
lent Majesty, and bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of March.
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four (the Specification of which was
duly enrolled), and consists in causing the sliver" to be twisted as it is deli-
verol from the carding engine or other preparation machinery into the tin can
or other receptacle employed.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus used in
preparing and spinning cotton and other filmous substances, and consists in
the application of "gutta percha" and "tintowa" for covering rollers used
in the several machines usually employed in such operations These sub-
stances may be used, either alone or in combination with caoutchouc, sulphur,
sulphurets, chloride of sulphur. gum, resins, leather, fibrous materials, cork
dust. French chalk, oxides of metals, or other suitable compounds. These
roller covers, formed of "gutta percha" and its suitable combinations, may' be

page_text: put upon the rollers in the manner usually practiced in covering such 1ollers
with leather, which is well known, and the "gutta percha," alone or in com-
bination with other substances, may be applied in a state of' solution, also in
the plastic state, granular state, sheet state, thi cad state, or a strip state, to
1ollers forming covers, or above or over caoutchouc, or any combination of
caoutchouc, cloth, cotton, leather, or other material or substance upon the
rollers, thus forming an exterior coating or covering
The fifth part of our improvements relates to the "flyer" now usually.
employed in that description of preparation machinery commonly called
"presser frames," the details of which improvements will be better understood
by reference to the Figures of the same in the Drawings annexed.
$
Our improvements will be better explained and more readily understood by.
refeiring to the two Sheets of Drawings accompanying these Presents, which
are marked with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in
the following explanation thereof -In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents a longitu-.
dinal section of a "scutcher" or "lap machine," with the first part of our
improvements attached thereto. a, a, is the main framing of the machine, and
b, b, the endless travelling "lattico" or feed cloth upon which the cotton or:
other fibious material is evenly spread by hand, and which carries it to tho
pans of fluted feed rollers c, c, and d, d, after passing between which it comes
under the operation of the beater e, e, which opens the fibres of the cotton,
&c. allowing the dnt to fall through the grate or gud f. The cotton then,
proceeding along the guid or grate f, falls upon the endless travelling "lattice"
or wie cloth g, which canies it forwards to the wire cylinder or cage h. This.
cage or cylinder h is caused to revolve, and a strong current of an is caused
to pass through by its being connected to a rotary fan or other exhausting
medium, which will draw the dust through the wire cylinder, and cause the
cotton or other fibrous material to be laid upon the surface of the same in a
sheet, which the revolution of the cylinder will deliver again on to the endless
travelling lattice or who cloth g, which cairies it onwards to the calcndering
apparatus, consisting of four or more small rollers 1, 2, 1, 2, placed upon or
around a laige 1oller or evlinder k, and weighted in such a manner that the
pressure shall progressively increase as the sheet of cotton or other fibrous
material proceeds towards the lap roller l, upon which it is wound by fiction
of contact with the fluted bed rolleis m, m The roller or cylinder k is caused
to revolve in the ducction of the arrow, and has a spul wheel upon one end
which takes into four spur pinions fixed upon the end of the rollers i, 1, 2, 2,
thus driving them all m the samic direction. The method of weighting the
upper calendening rollers. which we consider most preferable, is shown in the

page_text: detached view, Figure 2. n is a level having ats fulcium at o, and carving
a weight pat o neat its other extremity This lever n has one end of a
small band or chain q fixed to it, which, after passing alternately over and
under the pullies 1, r, r, (upon the ends of the rollers 2, 1, 1, 1), and the carrie
pullies 8, 3, 8, is attached at its other extremity to the framing a of the machine
Thus it will be evident that the pressure will increase as the sheet of cotton or
other fibrous substance proceeds to the lap 1oller / Another anlangement of
rollers for calendering is shewn at Figure 8, wherein, by placing two rollers t, t.
above the thico 1olleis u, u, u, four points of contact and pressure are obtained
by the use of five rollers only The above aangement of calendering appa-
ratus is equally applicable to other preparation machinery wherein calendering
apparatus is generally employed.
The second part of our Invention is shewn at Figures 4, 5, and 6, which
represent an elevation, longitudinal section, and transverse section of an appa-
ratus designed for the purpose of airesting and collecting the short fibres of
cotton and other fibious material which escape with the dust from the lap
machine, and which are usually blown by the fan into the open an to the
great inconvenience and nuisance of the neighbourhood This apparatus is
intended to be placed in the flue along which the dust, &c. is blown by the
fan, and consists of a wire cage or cylinder a enclosed in a case 6, which is
open at each end, and through which the current of an passes, carrying with
it the dust, and depositing the short fibies of cotton, &c. upon the surface of
the cage a, which, as it revolves slowly, laps the waste cotton, &e upon the
rolle c, which is covered with cloth for that purpose.
The third part of our Invention is shown in Sheet 2 of the Drawings, in
which Figure 1 is a plan view of the apparatus, with the top part or cover of
the casing removed, and Figure 2 a section of the same. and Figures 3, 4,
and 5 are a plan, elevation, and section of the apparatus on a sinaller scale,
shewing its relative situation as applied to an ordinary diawing fiame. It
will be seen, by icfering to the Specification of our former Patent above-
mentioned, that the Invention consisted in a certain aangement of mechanism
by which the "sliveis," "drawings," "slubbings," or "10ving" of cotton or
other fibrous substance wero deposited in the can or other receptacle employed
in a certain novel and peculiu manner, which would allow of then being sub-
sequently withdiawn readily and without injury; but by this arrangement no 3
twist was given to the cotton or other fibrous material, except one tuin for
cach revolution of the can.
The object of our present improvements is to be enabled to impart any
determinable amount of twist to the "shiver,' "diawing," "loving," of

page_text: "slubbing," as it is deposited in the can or other receptacle In Figures S, 4,
and 5, A is the fiaining of the machine, B, the roller beam, C, C, the drawing
1ollers, and D, D, the calendering rollers. is a line shaft extending hon-
zontally the whole length of the machine (or any number of machines) and
driving the vertical shaft 1', by the bevel geaung G This shatt has at its
upper end a spm wheel II diving the depositing apparatus, which will be
better understood by refening to the enlarged Figure 1 and 2
a, a, is the
outside casing of the apparatus enclosing and supporting the box band 11ng c,
cnch of which has a spur wheel formed around its outer circumference, the
pitch of the lower spur wheel d, on the ng c, being rather more on coaisel
than that of the upper wheel e, upon the box b, about one tooth less in twenty-
six, more or less, according to the vanation of speed required The spu
wheel II geais into both of these wheels, tuining them in the same direction
but driving the lower wheel d upon the ring , which canes the can I faster
than the wheel e, upon the box b. 'This box 6 cannes a stud f, upon which the
spui pinion 7 turns loosely, being geared into an internal spur wheel (formed
upon the interior cucumference of the ring c) through an opening made in
the sale of the box 6 for that purpose, and as the ung c, which canies the
internal wheel h, revolves slower than the box b, which carnes the pinion g,
that pinion will be caused to revolve, canying with it the pinion 7 fixed upon
its boss
This pinion gears into another pinion k, to the boss of which the
spur wheel is fixed, turning loosely upon the stud m The wheel is
geued into and dives the wheel n, keyed or fixed on the stud o, to the lower
end of which the circular plate p is attached, turning in a circular aperture
cut in the bottom of the box 6 (but excentric fiom the centre around which
the box revolves). the 1m of the plate p resting upon the bottom of the box b,
upon which an honzontal cucle of bevelled teeth g is formed extending around
the aperture in which the plate prevolves. There is a small bevel pinion 1,
fixed to one of the delivering rollers s, and geaning into the horizontal circle
of bevel tecth 7 Now, supposing the box b and the plate c to be revolving
in the same direction, but at different relative speeds, then the stud o, which
carries the plate p and delivering apparatus will be carried with the box b
around the centre of the said box at the same time that the spur geating
above mentioned will cause the plate p to revolve around its own axis. and
the bevil wheel r, being actuated by travelling in the cncular rack 7, will cause
the delivering olleis to revolve, and as the can I, being attached to the
ing c, revolving in the same direction as the box b (but at a quicker velocity),
the "shiver," "drawing," "1oving," or "slubbing" of cotton or other fibrous
materials, passing through the guide or trumpet t, will be deposited in excentric
spur

page_text: helices in the can I, at the same time that a certain "amount of twist 1S
imparted to the same which may be varied by altering the relative diametors
of the smaller spur gearing, the appearance which the cotton presents being
clearly shewn in the detached view, Figure 6 being a plan or horizontal view
of the top of a can of rovings.
The fifth part of our Invention is shown at Figures 7, 8, and 9. Figure 7
represents a side elevation of the upper part of a flyer of the ordinary roving
frame, in which the legs or arms of the flyer are caused to act upon the
bobbin (being jointed above the top or elbow) like tongs, and thus to dispense
with the small spur or lever at the bottom of the flyer called the "presser."
a is the boss or upper part of the flyer through which the sliver or roving of
cotton 6 passes to the hollow arm c.
b
The top part a and arms c are jointed
together, and swivel upon a central pin or stud. At this joint a coiled spring d
(exactly similar to the ordinary snuffers spring) is inserted, one end of which
is to be fast to the head, and the other end to the arm of the flyer, and thus
imparting the desired elasticity to the ams, or effect the pressure on the
bobbin It must be observed that the lower end of the arm should bo mado
smaller to lap one or two folds of the roving around it to create the diag
usually obtained by the folds around the common presser level. Figure 8
represents a sectional plan view of a common "prosser flyer," wherein the
ordinary mode of giving elasticity to the presser is employed, that is, by means
of a long tail spring being attached to the arm of the flyer. Our improve-
ment in this apparatus is the application of the loop or guard a being attached
near to the bottom of the arm 6 of the flyer (which is here shewn in section),
and which surrounds the tail sping c, thus preventing its being broken off or
forced outwards This guard or hook is formed with an inclined plane on the
inner side for the end of the tail spring to act against, which, as the presser
expands by the inci casing diameter of the bobbin, will alter the fulcrum of
its leverage, and thus regulate the pressure upon the bobbin by overconung
the centrifugal force of the presser during its revolution, and thereby causing
an equal or proper tenacity upon the bobbin. Figure 9 is a sectional plan
view of a flyer, showing the method of increasing the pressure of the spring
when a convolute spring is employed a is the hollow aim of the flyer near
the bottom of which is a bracket bin which two studs or spindles c and d are
mounted. These studs have small spui segments e and f at one end which
gear into each other. 7 is a convolute spring. one end of which is made fast
to the stud c, and after making a few turns around the stud c, the other end
is attached to the stud d. Thus, as the presser h, which is fast to the stud c,
expands, both ends of the sping 9 aio tightened or wound up at the same

page_text: time, and the pressure is thereby increased Should such pressure be required
to be equalized instead of increased, the attachment of the end of the sping
next to the flyer aim must be on the reverse side of the stud.
We would here remark in conclusion, that we do not intend to confine
ourselves to the inclined plane acting upon the tail of the common sping for
the purposes above explained, no the action upon the convolute spring But
we claim in this part of our improvements any contrivance or application
whereby the clastic force of the "piesser" is increased as the bobbin increases
in diameter. and thereby to overcome the centrifugal force of the presser as it
revolves, and thus preserving its equal contact with the bobbin at all parts of
its formation, whether such contrivance or application be so made as to
inci case the teusion of the pressci spings as the bobbin increases exactly as
above shewn, or othci wise
In witness whereof, I, the said John Tatham, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-six.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JoпN
TATHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, DAVID
CHEETHAM, of the same Place, Machine Maker, and Joux WALLACE DUNCAN,
of Manchester, in the same County, Gentleman, send giecting
WHEREAS er present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Mer
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, beaning date at West-
minster, the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the tenth year of Her reign, and
in the year of on Lord One thousand cight hundred and forty-six, did, for
Heiselt, Her hens and successors, give and giant unto us, the said John
Tatham, David Cheetham, and John Wallace Duncan, Ici especial license,
full power, sole puvilege and authority, that we, the said John Tatham,
David Cheetham, and John Wallace Duncan, oui executois, administrators,
and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Tatham, David Cheetham,
and John Wallace Duncan, our executors, adınınistrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no otheis, fioni time to time and at all times
during the term of years therem expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Bei wick-
upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION AND SPINNING OF COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that we, the said John Tatham, David Cheethain, and John Wallace Duncan,
01 one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in

page_text: Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Tatham, do hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the two Sheets of Drawings hereto annexed, and
the following explanation thereof (that is to say).-
Our Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus to be used in the Prepara-
tion and Spinning of Cotton and other Fibious Substances apply,-
"
Firstly, to the scutcher 01 "lap machine," which is eniployed for the
purpose of cleansing the cotton-or other fibrous material and lapping it in a
compact or even sheet on lap upon a roller preparatory to its being fed into
the carding engine, and consists in a new arrangement of rollers for com-
pressing or calendering the sheet of cotton or other fibrous material previous
to its being lapped upon the roller, and also in a new method of weighing the
calendering rollers, whereby the pressure is gradually increased as the sheet
of cotton or other fibrous material approaches "the lap."
The second part of our Invention consists in the employment or use of an
apparatus for the purpose of collecting the short fibres of cotton or other
fibious material from the dust which is blown by the fan from the "scutche
or "lap machine"
1
'
The third part of our Invention is an improvement upon machinery or
apparatus, being the subject-matter of former Letters Patent granted to the
above-named John Tatham and David Cheetham by Her present most Excol-
lent Majesty, and bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-four (the Specification of which was
duly enrolled), and consists in causing the "sliver" to be twisted as it is deli-
vered from the carding engine or other preparation machinery into the tin can
or other receptacle employed.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus used in
preparing and spinning cotton and other fibrous substances, and consists in
tlic application of "gutta percha" and "tintowa" for covering rollers used
in the several machines usually employed in such operations. These sub- S
stances may be used, either alone or in combination with caoutchouc, sulphui,
sulphurets, chloride of sulphur, gum, resins, leather, fibrous materials, cork
dust, French chalk, oxides of metals, or other suitable compounds. These
roller' coveis, formed of "gutta percha" and its suitable combinations, may be

page_text: put upon the rolleis in the manner usually practiced in covering such rollers
with leather, which is well known, and the "gutta percha," alone or in com-
bination with other substances, may be applied in a state of solution, also 'in
the plastic state, gianular state, sheet state, thread state, or a strip state, to
ollers forming covers, or above or over caoutchouc, or any combination of
caoutchouc, cloth, cotton, leather, or other material or substance upon the
rolleis, thus forming an exterior coating or covering.
The fifth part of our improvements relates to the "flyer" now usually
employed in that description of preparation machinery commonly called
piesser frames," the details of which improvements will be better understood
by reference to the Figures of the same in the Drawings annexed.
Our improvements will be better explained and more readily understood by
refening to the two Sheets of Drawings accompanying these Presents, which
are marked with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in
the following explanation thereof.-In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents à longitu-
dinal section of a "scutcher" or "lap machine," with the first part of our
improvements attached thereto. a, a, is the mam framing of the machine, and
b, b, the endless travelling "lattico" or feed cloth upon which the cotton or
other fibious material is evenly spread by hand, and which carries it to the
paus of fluted feed rolleis c, c, and d, d, after passing between which it comes
under the operation of the beater e, e, which opens the fibres of the cotton,
&c., allowing the dut to fall through the grate or grid f. The cotton then,
proceeding along the grid or gratef, falls upon the endless travelling "lattico"
01 wuc cloth g, which carries it forwards to the wie cylinder or cage h. This
cage or cylinder h is caused to revolve, and a strong current of au is caused
to pass through by its being connected to a rotary fan or other exhausting
medium, which will diaw the dust through the wire cylinder; and cause the
cotton or other fibrous material to be laid upon the surface of the same in a
sheet, which the revolution of the cylinder will deliver again on to the endless
travelling lattice or wire cloth g, which carries it onwards to the calendering
apparatus, consisting of four or more small rollers 2, 2, 2, 2, placed upon or
around a large roller or cylinder k, and weighted in such a manner that the
pressure shall progressively increase as the sheet of cotton or other fibrous
material proceeds towards the lap roller l, upon which it is wound by fiction
of contact with the fluted bed 1olleis m, m. The roller or cylinder k 15 caused
to revolve in the direction of the arrow, and has a spur wheel upon one end
which takes into four spur pinions fixed upon the end of the 1olleis i, i, 1, 2,
thus diving them all in the same duection. The method of weighting the
upper calendering rollers, which we consider most preferable, is shown in the

page_text: its
detached view, Figure 2. 12 15 a lever having ats fulcrum at o, and carrying
a weight pat or near other extremity. This lever n has one end of a
small band or chain q fixed to it, which, after passing alternately over and
under the pullies 7, 7, 7, 1 (upon the ends of the rollers 1. i, 1, 2), and the carici
-pullies s, s, s, is attached at its other extremity to the framing a of the machine.
Thus it will be evident that the pressure will increase as the sheet of cotton oi
other fibrous substance proceeds to the lap roller 7. Another anlangement of
rollers for calendering is shewn at Figure 3, wherein, by placing two rollers t, t,
above the three olleis u, u, u, four points of contact and pressure are obtained
by the use of five rollers only. The above anangement of calendering appa-
ratus is equally applicable to other preparation machinery wherein calendering
apparatus is generally employed.
The second part of our Invention is shown at Figuios 4, 5, and 6, which
represent an elevation, longitudinal section, and transverse section of an appa-
ratus designed for the purpose of anesting and collecting the short fibres of
cotton and other fibious material which escape with the dust from the lap
machine, and which are usually blown by the fan into the open air to the
gicat inconvenience and nuisance of the neighbourhood. This apparatus is
intended to be placed in the flue along which the dust, &c. is blown by the
fan, and consists of a wue cage or cylinder a enclosed in a case b, which is
open at each end, and through which the current of an passes, canying with
it the dust, and depositing the short fibics of cotton, &c. upon the surface of
the cage a, which, as it revolves slowly, laps the waste cotton, &c. upon the
roller c, which is covered with cloth for that purpose.
The thud part of our Invention is shown in Sheet 2 of the Drawings, in
which Figure 1 is a plan view of the apparatus, with the top part or covci of
the casing removed, and Figure 2 a section of the same, and Figures 3, 4,
and 5 are a plan, clevation, and section of the apparatus on a smaller scale,
showing its relative situation as applied to an ordinary drawing fiame. It
will be seen, by iefening to the Specification of our former Patent above-
mentioned, that the Invention consisted in a certain arrangement of mechanism
by which the "slivers," "drawings," "slubbings," or "10ving" of cotton or
other fibious substance were deposited in the can or other receptacle employed
in a certain novel and peculiar manner, which would allow of their being sub-
sequently withdrawn readily and without injury; but by this arrangement no
twist was given to the cotton or other fibrous material, except one tun for
each revolution of the can.
The object of our present improvements is to be enabled to impart any
determinable amount of twist to the "shiver." "diawing." "Loving." 01

page_text: 'slubbing," as it is deposited in the can or other receptacie
and 5, A is the fiaining of the machine, B, the roller beam, C, C, the drawing
Lis a line shaft extending hon-
ollers, and D, D, the calendering 1olleis
G
zontally the whole length of the machine (or any number of machines) and
This shaft F has at its
living the vertical shaft F, by the bevel geaung
upper end a spur wheel II diving the depositing apparatus, which will be
a, a, is the
better understood by refening to the enlarged Figure 1 and 2
outside casing of the apparatus enclosing and supporting the box band 1ng c,
each of which has a spur wheel formed around its outer circumference, the
pitch of the lower spui wheel d, on the 1ng c, being rather more or coaiser
than that of the upper wheel e, upon the box b, about one tooth less in twenty-
Six, more or less, according to the variation of speed required The spur
wheel II geais into both of these wheels, tuining them in the same direction
but diving the lower wheel & upon the ring c, which canes the can I faster
than the wheel e, upon the box 6 This box 6 canes a stud f, upon which the
spui punong tuins loosely, being geared into an internal spur wheel h (formed
upon the interior cucumference of the ring c) through an opening made in
the side of the box 6 for that purpose, and as the 11ng c, which canies the
internal wheel h, revolves slower than the box 6, which carnes the pinion g,
that pinion will be caused to revolve, canying with it the pinion fixed upon
its boss
This pinion gcais into another pinion k, to the boss of which tho
The spui
wheel is
spur wheel is fixed, turning loosely upon the stud m
geaied into and dives the wheel n, keyed or fixed on the
end of which the circular plate p is attached, tuining in a cucular aperture
cut in the bottom of the box b (but excentric from the centre around which
the box revolves), the 11m of the plate picsting upon the bottom of the box b,
I
upon which an horizontal cucle of bevelled teeth g is formed extending around
There is a small bevel pinion r,
the aperture in which the plate p revolves
fixed to one of the delivering rollers s, and gearing into the horizontal cucle
of bevel teeth 7 Now, supposing the box 6 and the plate c to be revolving
in the same duection, but at different relative speeds, then the stud o, which
canes the plate p and delivening apparatus, will be carried with the box b
around the centre of the said box at the same time that the spur geaning
above mentioned will cause the plate p to revolve around its own axis, and
9, will cause
the bevil wheel r, being actuated by travelling in the circular iack
the delivering rollers s to evolve; and as the can I, being attached to the
ring c, revolving in the same direction as the box 6 (but at a quicker velocity),
the "sliver," "diawing," "roving," or "slubbing" of cotton or other fibrous
materials, passing through the guide or tiumpet t, will be deposited in excentric
stud o, to the lower

page_text: helices in the can I, at the same time that a certain "amount of twist" is
imparted to the same which may be varied by altering the relative diameters
of the smaller spur gearing, the appearance which the cotton presents being
clearly shewn in the detached view, Figure 6 being a plan or horizontal view
of the top of a can of rovings.
b
The fifth part of our Invention is shewn at Figures 7, 8, and 9. Figure 7
represents a side elevation of the upper part of a flyer of the ordinary roving
frame, in which the legs or arms of the flyer are caused to act upon the
bobbin (being jointed above the top or elbow) like tongs, and thus to dispense
with the small spur or lever at the bottom of the flyer called the "pressor."
a is the boss or upper part of the flyer through which the sliver or roving of
cotton 6 passes to the hollow arm c. The top part a and arms c are jointed
together, and swivel upon a central pin or stud. At this joint a coiled spring d
(exactly similar to the ordinary snuffers spring) is inserted, one end of which
is to be fast to the head, and the other end to the arm of the flyer, and thus
imparting the desired elasticity to the arms, or effect the pressure on the
bobbin. It must be observed that the lower end of the aim should be made
smaller to lap one or two folds of the loving around it to create the diag
usually obtained by the folds around the common presser lever Figure 8
represents a sectional plan view of a common "piesser flyer," wherein the
ordinary mode of giving elasticity to the piesser is employed, that is, by means
of a long tail spring being attached to the arm of the flyer. Our improve-
ment in this apparatus is the application of the loop or guard a being attached
near to the bottom of the arm 6 of the flyer (which is here shewn in section).
and which surrounds the tail spring c, thus preventing its being broken off or
forced outwards This guard or hook is formed with an inclined plane on the
inner side for the end of the tail spring to act against, which, as the presser
expands by the inci casing diameter of the bobbin, will alter the fulcium of
its leverage, and thus regulate the pressure upon the bobbin by ovci coming
the centrifugal force of the piesse during its revolution, and thereby causing
an equal or proper tenacity upon the bobbin. Figure 9 is a sectional plan
view of a flyer, shewing the method of increasing the pressure of the spung
when a convolute sping is employed a is the hollow arm of the flyer near
the bottom of which is a bracket 6 in which two studs or spindles c and d are
mounted These studs have small spui segments e and f at one end which
gear into each other. 7 is a convolute spring, one end of which is made fast
to the stud c, and after making a few tuins around the stud c, the other end
is attached to the stud d Thus, as the presser h, which is fast to the stud c,
expands, both ends of the spring 9 are tightened or wound up at the same

page_text: time, and the pressure is thereby increased. Should such pressure be required
to be equalized instead of increased, the attachment of the end of the spring
next to the flyer arm must be on the reverse side of the stud.
We would here icmark in conclusion, that we do not intend to confine
ourselves to the inclined planc acting upon the tail of the common sping for
the purposes above explained no the action upon the convolute spring. But
we claim in this part of our improvements any contrivance or application
whereby the clastic force of the "piesse" is inci cased as the bobbin increases
in diameter, and thereby to overcome the centrifugal force of the pressci as it
revolves, and thus preserving its equal contact with the bobbin at all parts of
its formation, whether such contrivance or application be so made as to
incicase the tension of the presser springs as the bobbin increases exactly as
above shewn, or otherwise
hand
In witness whercot, I, the sand John Tatham, have hereunto set my
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of December. One thousand eight
hundred and forty-six.