OFFOR US Ш Furnaces or Apparatus to be Employed in Burning Naphtha or other Volatile Liquids, Especially; Applicable for Melting Metals which are Difficult of Fusion.
Year: 1885

page_text: OFFOR US Ш Furnaces or Apparatus to be Employed
in Burning Naphtha or other Volatile Liquids, Especially;
Applicable for Melting Metals which are Difficult of Fusion.
I THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN BURNING NAPHTHA OR OTHER
VOLATILE LIQUIDS ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR MELTING METALS WHICH ARE
DIFFICULT OF FUSION "
to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object certain improvements upon the invention for
which Letters Patent were applied for by me on the 22nd August 1884 N° 11543
for "Improvements in apparatus to be employed in burning naphtha or other
volatile liquid applicable especially for melting metals which are difficult of fusion
but also useful for other purposes."
According to one method of carrying out my present invention, I submit the
naphtha or other volatile liquid in a close vessel to a sufficient degree of heat to
distil it, and convey the vapour through pipes to a furnace, where the said vapour
is allowed to issue through nozzles or perforations in the pipes, and so to pass into
the furnace for combustion.
In order to obtain a very high temperature and to economize fuel, I supply to
the furnace the air necessary for the combustion of the said vapour, in a highly
heated condition. The said air may be supplied in one portion, or in two portions,
thus: A small quantity, not sufficient to produce complete combustion, may be
introduced between or amongst the pipes, and the rest admitted at a convenient
place in the furnace beyond the said pipes.
The draught of air into the furnace may be produced by pressure from a fan or
other mechanical apparatus, or by a jet of air; or it may be produced by the
suction of a chimney, fan, or ejector worked by steam or air.
According to one arrangement of my invention I apply a set of hot blast stoves,
either cast iron pipe stoves, or firebrick stoves, to heat the air to be used for
combustion in the furnace, or for evaporating the naphtha or oil either by passing
over its surface, or heating it by passing through a pipe that passes through it,
whether such hot air is allowed eventually to pass away or be used for combustion,
or to bubble up through the liquid, or simply to pass into the vessel containing the
iquid at a level above such liquid, and carry with it the vapour from the liquid,

page_text: In such cases when producing the vapour of the naphtha or oil at a distance
from the furnace, or heating the air in hot blast stoves at a distance from the
furnace, I carry the vapour or the air or the mixture through pipes to the furnace
for use.
The pipes at the furnace receiving the vapour, or mixed air and vapour,
I form with a series of small holes or with slits, or other apertures, so that more
air may be allowed to mix with the vapour, or mixture of air and vapour to
produce the intense temperature required, and such an additional quantity of air
may be either hot or cold as may be required, but for the highest temperatures,
I prefer it to be hot, and to be heated in "Cowper stoves" so as to obtain the
highest practical temperature.
•
According to a second arrangement for carrying out my invention, I introduce
the liquid fuel into the furnace in the state of a fine spray, or of a thin sheet, by
forcing it through orifices or nozzles, with hot air supplied to support combustion.
A small quantity of the air may be supplied first, and a larger quantity supplied
further on, as described with reference to the first arrangement.
In addition to heating the air for supporting combustion, the vapour may be
heated before its admission to the furnace, or the liquid may be heated in pipes or
other suitable apparatus under pressure, before its admission to the furnace.
According to a third arrangement I introduce the liquid fuel into the furnace in
the form of a fountain like jet or jets, or in the form of a jet or jets impinging
forcibly against a plate or other surface, by which means the liquid is divided into
a very fine spray.

page_text: in Burning Naphtha or other Volatile Liquids, Especially
Applicable for Melting Metals which are Difficult of Fusion.
I, THORSTEN NORDENFELT of 53 Parliament Street in the City of Westminster
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by,
the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements upon the invention for
which Letters Patent were applied for by me on the 22nd August 1884 No 11543
for "Improvements in apparatus to be employed in burning naphtha or other
volatile liquid applicable especially for melting metals which are difficult of fusion
but also useful for other purposes."
"
According to one method of carrying out my present invention I submit the
naphtha or other volatile liquid in a close vessel to a sufficient degree of heat to
distil it, and convey the vapour through pipes to a furnace, where the said vapour
is allowed to issue through nozzles or perforations in the pipes and so to pass into
the furnace for combustion.
In order to obtain a very high temperature and to economise fuel I supply to the
furnace the air necessary for the combustion of the said vapour, in a highly heated
condition. The said air may be supplied in one portion, or in two portions, thus:-
A small quantity, not sufficient to produce complete combustion, may be introduced
between or amongst the pipes, and the rest admitted at a convenient place in the
furnace beyond the said pipes.
The draught of air into the furnace may be produced by pressure from a fan or
other mechanical apparatus, or by a jet of air; or it may be produced by the
suction of a chimney, fan, or ejector worked by steam or air.
According to one arrangement of my invention I apply a set of hot blast stoves,
either cast iron pipe stoves, or fire brick stoves, to heat the air to be used for com-
bustion in the furnace, or for evaporating the naphtha or oil either by passing over
its surface, or heating it by passing through a pipe that passes through it, whether
such hot air is allowed eventually to pass away or be used for combustion, or to
bubble up through the liquid, or simply to pass into the vessel containing the liquid
at a level above such liquid, and carry with it the vapour from the liquid.
In such cases when producing the vapour of the naphtha or oil at a distance
from the furnace, or heating the air in hot blast stoves at a distance from the
furnace, I carry the vapour or the air or the mixture through pipes to the furnace
for use.
The pipes at the furnace receiving the vapour, or mixed air and vapour,
I form with a series of small holes, or with slits; or other apertures, so that more
air may be allowed to mix with the vapour, or mixture of air and vapour to
produce the intense temperature required, and such an additional quantity of air
may be either hot or cold as may be required, but for the highest temperatures,
I prefer it to be hot, and to be heated in "Cowper stoves" so as to obtain the
highest practical temperature.
1

page_text: According to a second arrangement for carrying out my invention, I introduce
the liquid fuel into the furnace in the state of a fine spray or of a thin sheet, by
forcing it through orifices or nozzles, with hot air supplied to support combustion.
A small quantity of the air may be supplied first, and a larger quantity supplied
further on, as described with reference to the first arrangement.
In addition to heating the air for, supporting combustion, the vapour may be
heated before its admission to the furnace, or the liquid may be heated in pipes or
other suitable apparatus under pressure, before its admission to the furnace.
According to a third arrangement I introduce the liquid fuel into the furnace in
the form of a fountain like jet or jets or in the form of a jet or jets impinging
forcibly against a plate or other surface, by which means the liquid is divided into
a very fine spray.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a part sectional plan of the combustion chamber of a furnace very
similar to that described in my former patent, and it shews the first method of
carrying out my invention; E is the central tube or nozzle for the introduction
of the vapour or liquid fuel into the combustion chamber. The vapour or liquid
fuel may impinge against a lump of fire brick F, or a plate protected by water
inside it, and be thereby caused to distribute itself very perfectly. G, G, are air
tubes or nozzles for the introduction of hot or cold air, inimediately into the fine
spray or vapour produced as above mentioned, and the air so introduced on the
ignition of the fuel, carries the flame into the melting chambers, producing a most
intense heat. More air is admitted either around the air nozzles, or up from the
flues below, and is regulated as required, the nozzles for the fuel, and for, air,
having also means by which they can be regulated.
In the second method of carrying out my invention, I cause the liquid fuel to
be sufficiently divided up by introducing it into the furnace through very fine jets
or sheets.
The third method of carrying out my Invention is shewn in Figures 2, 3 and 4.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section, Figure 3 a sectional plan, Figure 4 a front
elevation of a furnace very similar to that described in my former patent, but with
the improved apparatus for burning naphtha and other volatile liquids.
A is a tube or nozzle placed inside a chamber B, at one end of the furnace, and
liquid fuel is introduced through this to form a spray. In this tube is another
tube or nozzle, through which a current of steam or compressed air is made to pass,
blowing the liquid fuel into the furnace in the form of spray.
For the better distribution of the liquid fuel in the furnace, I place a lump of
fire brick C, or other baffle, within a short distance of the nozzle, so that the jet
may impinge against the lump, and be broken up and scattered in its passage into
the furnace. Instead of one large nozzle, I sometimes arrange a number of small
ones at the end of the furnace, each nozzle having in front of it a small dise for the
jets to impinge on so as to break them up into fine spray, and distribute them in
the furnace. At the opening for the nozzle A, I fix a plate or plates D, for
regulating the quantity of air introduced. The air being admitted round about
the nozzle keeps it comparatively cool, or I obtain the same effect by the use of a
water jacket to the nozzle. In the arrangement of the nozzle shewn on the drawing,
the liquid fuel is made to pass between the outer and the inner tubes. According
to another arrangement, the parts are so disposed that the liquid fuel shall enter
through the inner tube, and the steam or compressed air through the outer tube,
encircling the jet of liquid fuel. In place of steam, compressed air may be used for
blowing the jet of liquid fuel into the furnace, or superheated steam or heated air
may be used. There may be a sufficient head or pressure on the liquid fuel to cause
it to enter the furnace with force enough to form the spray desired; either with
or without the jet of steam or air,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do
not claim generally the melting of wrought iron, and other metals difficult of
fusion, by means of naphtha or other volatile liquid, but
(1.) I claim distilling the vapour from naphtha or other volatile liquid in a
close vessel, and introducing it through pipes, into a furnace for melting wrought
iron or other metals difficult of fusion, and at the same time introducing hot air
between or amongst such pipes in such quantity only, as is not sufficient to
produce complete combustion, but is sufficient to produce a mixture ready for
combustion, when I admit more hot air to such mixture, thus producing an
exceedingly hot flame.
(2.) I claim introducing naphtha or other volatile liquid, into a furnace for
melting wrought iron or other metals difficult of fusion, in the state of fine spray
or of a thin sheet or sheets and at the same time introducing hot air to mix with
such liquid in such a finely divided state, but in such quantity only, as to form a
mixture ready for combustion, when I admit more hot air to such mixture, thus
producing an exceedingly hot flame.
(3.) I claim an arrangement as in the first claim, in combination with
superheating the vapour from naphtha or other volatile liquid before entering the
furnace for the purposes stated.
(4.) I claim an arrangement as in the second claim, in combination with heating
the fine spray, or thin sheet of naphtha or other volatile liquid, or superheating the
vapour produced therefrom, by means of a hot flue, hot water pipes, steam pipes, or
hot air pipes, whether such hot air pipes are those conveying the hot air to the
furnace for combustion or not.
(5.) I claim an arrangement as in the first and second claims, whether the air
is introduced cold or hot, either at the first or second introduction of air, or
whether it is introduced at once or at twice.
(6.) I claim apparatus substantially as described and shown by the annexed
drawings to be employed in burning naphtha or other volatile liquids in a furnace
for melting wrought iron or other metals difficult of fusion.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.