Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 30th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted, 1st June, 1888
We, GEORG ADOLF LIST, VICTOR LIST and IAcow KOSAKOFF, engine manu-
facturers, all three residing at Moskow, empire of Russia, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to engines in which motive power is produced by the
explosive combustion of a mixture of vapours of petroleum or other liquid hydro-
carbons and air, and the object of the same is to provide new and efficient means for
evaporating the petroleum and producing the explosive mixture, and for igniting the
latter.
For this purpose the explosion-chamber of the cylinder is provided with a jacket
surrounding the same with but a narrow intervening space and connected to an air-
pump, so that the air forced by the pump into the said space, will be heated therein.
With the jacket is combined the petroleum-evaporator, composed of metallic surfaces,
forming a narrow but extended passage, communicating by two channels respectively
with the aforesaid space of the jacket and the inner space of the explosion-chamber.
The evaporator is enclosed in a casing forming an enlargement of the exhaust-pipe
of the cylinder, so that the exhaust-gases will pass around the evaporator and heat it.
Into the channel connecting the jacket with the evaporator is inserted a nozzle
through which petroleum is injected and which is so arranged that the petroleum will
be thrown against the outer surface of the explosion-chamber, or any other wall, and
thereby dispersed into spray. The current of air coming from the jacket, carries
along this spray into the evaporator, where it is volatilized, the explosive mixture
being thereby formed. Previous to the starting of the engine the evaporator has to
be heated by a lamp.
The igniting-device is shown on the annexed sheet of drawings. According to
Fig. 1 it consists of a slide a¹ having a cylindrical boring, a stationary piston b¹
inserted into the latter, the plate c' screwed to the valve-chamber F, communicating
with the explosion-chamber of the cylinder, and of the cover d'; the slide, the cover
and the plate c' being pressed together by springs. The bottom of the boring of the
slide and the end of the piston have both half-conical excavations, forming together,

page_text: when both parts are in contact with each other the conical igniting-chamber fl.
When the slide is its normal position, this chamber communicates at its hase with
the aperture of the cover d', in front of which is placed the permanent igniting-
flame. From the apex of the chamber a narrow channel leads to the edge of
the aperture being in the drawing on the left-hand side, the said aperture communi-
cating with the valve-chamber F. Besides, the slide has the aperture m¹. If, with
this arrangement, compressed explosive mixture enters into the chamber F, a small
portion thereof passes through the channel k¹ into the chamber f¹, expands within the
same, ignites at the flame i¹, and continues to burn inside of the chamber f¹, whereby
the transmitting-flame is formed. At the moment the ignition of the contents of the
cylinder is to take place, the slide a' is drawn in the direction away from the piston b¹
by a suitable mechanism. The aperture is thereby closed and the chamber fl
expanded, so that the transmitting-flame retreats towards the narrower portion of the
chamber. As soon as the aperture m¹ has come opposite to the aperture 1, the
explosive mixture contained in the chamber F and in the cylinder, ignites through
the aperture at the transmitting-flame. In order that the feeding of this flame
may not cease too soon, the small channel n' is provided for, which entertains the
communication between l' and k¹ for some time after has already been covered.
Immediately after ignition has taken place, the slide a¹ is returned to its normal
position.
In the modified construction shown by Fig. 2, the conical chamber f¹ is arranged
entirely in the slide a', and between the bottom of the boring in the latter and the
end of the piston b₁ a space t¹ is left, communicating by the aperture m³ and a narrow
channel with the aperture 1, and by the wider channel u with the apex of the
chamber. While in f' the transmitting-flame is produced, the space t¹ fills through
the channel and the aperture m' with explosive mixture. The slide being then
moved as before, the flame burning in the wider portion of the chamber, will, on
account of the expansion of the space t¹, be drawn through the channel u into the
said space; the explosive mixture contained therein ignites, and immediately after
transmits ignition to the mixture in the chamber F and the cylinder.
Dated the Eighth day of September 1887.

page_text: We, GEORG ADOLF LIST, VICTOR LIST and IAcow KOSAKOFF, engine-manu-
facturers, all three residing at Moscow, empire of Russia, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to engines in which motive power is produced by the
explosive combustion of a mixture of petroleum, or other liquid hydrocarbon, and air,
and the improvements consist in the means employed for heating the air by the heat
given off from the explosion-chamber of the power-cylinder, for mixing the same with
dispersed petroleum and for exposing the mixture to the heat of the exhaust-gases in
view of evaporating the petroleum. Moreover the invention comprises an igniting-
device having an expansible chamber for the transmitting-flame by which the explosive
mixture is lit.
An engine of this kind involving our improvements is shown on the annexed two
sheets of drawings. Fig. 1 is a sectional plan, Fig. 2 an end view with section
through the explosion-chamber of the power-cylinder and parts connected thereto;
Fig. 3 a transverse section through the front end of the power-cylinder and the rear
end of the air-pump; Fig. 4 a longitudinal section along the center line of the power-
cylinder; Fig. 5 a transverse section through the igniting-device, drawn to a larger
scale; Fig. 6 a section on line 1, 2 and Fig. 7 a section on line 3, 4 of Fig. 5, and
Fig. 8 a sectional plan of a modified construction of the igniting-device.
A is a pump serving for the supply of compressed air, and B the power-cylinder
having at its end the explosion-chamber C. The pistons of the pump and the cylinder
are connected by rods to the respective cranks G and H of a common crank-shaft,
the said cranks being placed parallel to each other on the same side of the shaft.
b, Fig. 2 is the valve for the adinission of explosive mixture to the cylinder B, K the
exhaust-valve, and X a shaft driven by the crank-shaft through the medium of bevel-
wheels and carrying tappets for operating the said valves and the igniting-device, the
valve b being opened by the action of the tappet on the roller ¹ of the lever
closed by the spring w, while the valve K is opened by the tappet rl, acting thereon
by means of the rod q¹ with roller s' and the lever t, and closed by the spring p¹.
The petroleum to be supplied to the engine is drawn by a pump, P, through the
suction pipe 9 from a reservoir (not shown in the drawing) and discharged through
the pipe i, and in this pipe a cock R is inserted, the plug whereof is so perforated and
connected to the governor S, that when the speed of the engine becomes too great, a
and
a

page_text: part or the whole quantity of the petroleum will pass back into the suction-pipe g.
The said cock is, however, not shown in detail, as it does not form any part of the
invention which we claim.
The air-pump A and the cylinder B are both enclosed in jackets, and the inside
space of the cylinder-jacket is divided by longitudinal partition-walls forming a
channel e, which communicates at one end by a pipe, d, with the pump and at the
other end with a jacket, C', surrounding the explosion-chamber C with a narrow
intervening space f. To the jacket C'is attached the petroleum-evaporator, composed
of two metallic surfaces forming a narrow but extended passage, the said surfaces
consisting, after the construction shown by the drawing, in the walls of the vessel D,
preferably made of copper, and the walls of the cylindrical body E, hung into the
said vessel D, and which leaves between itself and the latter the narrow space m.
The body E, which has a central channel h, is fixed to a pipe branching off from
the jacket C¹, so that a communication is produced through the said channel and the
pipe between the space f of the jacket and the space m of the evaporator. The
vessel D is bolted to a tubular branch of the jacket C¹, the said branch surrounding
the branch-pipe with an intervening space n, which communicates by means of a
channel, p, with the valve-chamber F, leading to the explosion-chamber C. The
vessel D is enclosed in a casing M connected to the exhaust-pipe L, so that the
exhaust-gases will pass around the same and heat it.
Into the branch-pipe k is inserted the nozzle of the discharge-pipe i of the
petroleum-pump P, the said nozzle being so arranged that the petroleum will bo
projected against the outer surface of the explosion chamber, or any other wall, and
thereby divided into spray.
The air is drawn in by the piston of the pump A through the valve-orifice a, and,
after having been compressed during the return-stroke of the piston to about one half
of its original volume, it is driven past the valve cand through the pipe d into the
channel e where it is slightly heated. Thereupon it flows through the space f, where
it becomes heated to a high degree. On its further course through the pipe k the air
meets with the petroleum-spray present therein, and in dispersing the same still
more, mixes therewith and carries it along through the channel h into the space m,
where the petroleum is evaporated upon the heated walls of the vessel D. At the
time the valve bis open, the mixture of air and petroleum-vapor thus produced, then
passes through the space n, the channel p and the valve-chamber F into the cylinder B,
where it joins with the residual combustion-gases. In consequence of the pistons
moving in the same direction, a further compression of the air still passing over from
the pump A, of the combustion-gases having remained in the cylinder, and of the
explosive mixture already formed, then takes place until the pistons have arrived at
the end of their return stroke. Soon after this the mixture is ignited.
Previous to the starting of the engine the vessel D must be heated by a petroleum-
lamp, N. After the engine has been put in motion and the exhaust gases have
become hot enough to be alone capable to evaporate the petroleum, the lamp is
extinguished and the bottom of the vessel D is protected from cooling by a slide
introduced into the groove q.
In view of reducing the counter-pressure in the cylinder when, at the starting of
the engine, the fly-wheel is turned by hand, the shaft X is provided with a tappet, ra,
longer in peripherical direction than the aforesaid tappet, and arranged to act on a
roller, s, rotating about a pin on the rod q, and which may be temporarily pushed
into the path of the tappet, the exhaust-valve being thereby kept open for a greater
length of time than by the tappet r¹.
The igniting-device is seen to best advantage from the figures 5, 6 and 7. It
consists of the slide a¹ having a cylindrical boring, the stationary piston b¹ inserted
thereinto, the plate c' screwed to the valve-chamber F and having the aperture l'
leading to the said chamber, and of the cover d' with aperture ³, the cover being
pressed against the slide and the latter against the plato c¹ by four springs e¹ (only
one appearing in the drawing). The bottom of the boring of the slide and the end
of the piston have both semi-conical excavations, forming together, when both parts

page_text: are in contact with each other, the conical igniting-chamber. When the slide is
in its normal position, in which it is kept by the tappet r, acting on the same by
means of the roller s, the rod y and the lever z 2', the said chamber f¹ communicates:
at its base with the aperture h', in front of which is placed the permanent igniting-
flame. From the apex of the chamber a narrow channel loads to the elge
of the aperture being in the drawing on the left-hand side. Besides, the slide.has
the aperture m¹. If, with this arrangement, compressed explosive mixture enters
into the chamber F, a small portion thereof passes through the channel into the
chamber, expands within the sane, ignites at the flaine i, and continues. to burn
inside of the chamber f¹, the flame thus produced being the transmitting-flame. At
the moment the ignition of the contents of the cylinder is to take place, the cam r
abandons the roller s, and the spring u, thus becoming free to act, draws the slide a¹
in the direction away from the piston b', i.e. in Figs. 6 and 7 to the right. The
aperture h¹ is thereby closed, and simultaneously the chamber f¹ is expanded, in
consequence whereof the transmitting-flame retreats towards the narrower end of the
chamber. As soon as the slide has advanced far enough that communication is
established between the aperture and the chamber f¹ by means of the aperture m¹,
the explosive mixture contained in the valve-chamber F: and in the cylinder ignites
through the said apertures at the transmitting-flame. In order that the feeding of
this fame may not cease too soon, the small channel n¹ is provided for, which
entertains the communication between the aperture and the channel k¹ for a short
time after the latter has been covered by passing under the full portion of the plate cl
being, in the drawing, on the right hand side of the aperture 1. At the required
moment the slide a is returned to its normal position by means of the tappet r.
In the modified construction shown by Fig. 8, the conical chamber is arranged
entirely in the slide a¹, and the piston 6 is so adjusted that, when the slide is in its
normal position, a space t¹ is left between the bottom of the boring in the slide and
the end of the piston 61, the said space communicating by the aperture m' and a
narrow channel o' with the aperture 1, and by the wider channel with the apex
of the chamber. Whilst in the said chamber the transmitting flame is produced
the space fills through the channel v₁ and the aperture m' with explosive mixture.
The slide being then moved as described above, the flame burning in the wider portion
of the chamber f¹, will, on account of the expansion of the space t¹, be drawn through
the channel u into the said space; the explosive mixture contained therein ignites
and, immediately after, transmits ignition to the mixture in the chamber F and the
cylinder.
Before the engine is started the slide requires to be heated by means of the flame o¹.
But, in order to keep the surfaces of the slide and of the plate c¹ sufficiently cool,
there are cut into the said surfaces channels through which water is caused to flow.
These channels are omitted in the drawing. For adjusting the width of the channel k¹
the same may be provided with a regulating screw.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood
that we are aware that petroleum-engines have been devised in which the petroleum
is evaporated by the heat generated by the combustion of the explosive charge, the
said evaporation having been brought about, amongst others, in a vessel enclosed in
the combustion-chamber or in a jacket surrounding the same. We therefore declare
that we do not broadly claim all means for utilizing the said heat for this purpose, but
that what we claim is :
1. In a petroleum-motor, the combination, with the air-pump A, cylinder B,
explosion-chamber C and exhaust-pipe L, of the jacket C₁ surrounding the chamber C,
means of communication between the said jacket and the pump A, a petroleum-
evaporator composed of two metallic surfaces having between them a narrow space, m,
two channels connecting the space m with the jacket C and the chamber C, the
casing M, communicating with the exhaust-pipe L and enclosing the evaporator, and
the petroleum-supply-pipe i, substantially as and for the purpose described.

page_text: 2. In a petroleum-motor, the combination, with the explosion-chamber C, of an
igniting-device comprising the plate c² with aperture 1, the cover d' with aperture h¹,
the slide a¹ having a cylindrical boring, an aperture m¹ and a channel k¹, the stationary
piston b¹ located in the said boring, the conical igniting-chamber f¹ and means for
operating the slide, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. In a petroleum-motor, the combination with the explosion-chamber C, of an
igniting-device comprising the plate c¹ with aperture and channel v¹, the cover d'
with aperture h¹, the slide a having a cylindrical boring, an aperture m¹, the conical
igniting-chamber f¹ and channels k and u¹, the stationary piston b' located in the said
boring and normally leaving the space t¹ between it and the bottom of the boring,
and means for operating the slide, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated the Twenty-sixth day of April 1888.
CARL PIEPER,
Agent for Applicants.