CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF METALS HAVING DIFFERENT CAPACITIES OF VIBRA- TION, TO BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN USEFUL ARTICLES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Billing, of Holborn, London, and
Charles Henry Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Brass Founder, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE COMBINATION OF METALS HAVING DIFFERENT CAPACITIES OF VIBRA-
TION, TO BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN USEFUL ARTICLES."
Sealed the 1st April 1853; and dated the 4th October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Billing at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th October 1852.
I, MARTIN BILLING, of Holborn, London, and Charles Henry Street,
Bermingham, in the County of Warwickshire, Brass Founder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF METALS HAVING DIFFERENT CAPACITIES OF
VIBRATION, TO BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN USEFUL ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:--
Whereas metals possessing different capacities of vibration or
different elasticities become incapable, when combined together, of
vibrating simultaneously under the influence of impact or friction, and
cannot therefore have a clear and sharp sound educed from them by

page_text: such influence, but only a sound which is comparatively dull and
muffled My Invention consists in an improved mode or modes of
combining certain metals of this description in certain useful articles,
so that the employment or adjustation thereof may be attended with
less noise and unpleantness than heretofore; (that is to say,) I
construct curtain or cornice poles of zinc and brass, placing the soft or
inelastic metal, zinc, inside, and the brass outside, and drawing them
together so as to form one tube, making use of draw plates or drawing
rollers so as to reduce the whole and compress the one on the other
through the intervention of triblets or maundrils; common poles may
also be cased in like manner, omitting the maundril. I next construct
curtain rings of the usual forms, with an inner surface of zinc, and an
outer one of brass, to be used in connection with the roller.
My Invention extends also to the casing or covering iron tubes with
zinc and brass, to be used for various useful purposes, such as picture
rods, spring blind rollers, stair rods, short curtain lathes.
I also plate
cast iron brackets of various descriptions.
I claim the combination of inelastic metals, having different capaci-
tics of vibration, for deadening or muffling the sound of metals used in
the construction of the various articles above enumerated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Martin Billing in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 4th April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1,
MARTIN BILLING, of Holborn, London, and Charles Henry Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwickshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, A.D. Eighteen
hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Martin Billing, Her especial licence that I, the said Martin Billing,
my-executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Martin Billing, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should

page_text: at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF
METALS HAVING DIFFERENT CAPACITIES OF VIBRATION, TO BE USED IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF CERTAIN USEFUL ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Martin Billing, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Martin Billing, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
Whereas metals of different degrees of hardness and clasticity, or
possessing different capacities of vibration, become incapable, when
united together, of vibrating simultaneously under the influence of
friction or impact, and cannot therefore have a clear and sharp sound
educed from them by such an influence, but only one which is com-
paratively dull and muffled: It is obvious that the joining or uniting
together of a soft inelastic metal, such as zinc, with a hard elastic metal,
such as iron, or with two such metals, as iron and brass, in those articles
of domestic furniture which cannot be easily employed without friction
or impact, must be useful for avoiding disagreeable and distracting
noises, and in particular that this arrangement will be desirable in
such articles as cornice poles, curtain rods, curtain rings, and others in
which metal tubing is or may be employed. My Invention, which
appertains to an arrangement for such domestic purposes as aforesaid,
refers, firstly, to the constructing of cornice poles or curtain rods of two
metals of different degrees of hardness and elasticity; and in order to
carry out this part of my Invention, I prefer to construct the curtain
poles or curtain rods of zinc and brass, placing the soft and inelastic

page_text: metal, zinc, inside, and the hard and elastic metal, brass, outside, and
drawing them together so as to form one tube, making use of draw
plates or drawing rollers so as to reduce the whole, and compress
the one upon the other, or uniting the surfaces of metal by any
other suitable means. My Invention refers, secondly, to the construc-
tion of curtain rings, to be used in connection with the aforesaid cornice
poles or curtain rods, and is carried into effect by constructing the rings
of the usual forms, with an inner surface of zinc, and an outer surface
of brass, to be drawn together or otherwise united as in the cornice
poles or curtain rods aforesaid. My Invention refers, thirdly, to the
casing or covering of iron tubes with brass and zinc, for various useful
articles, such as picture rods, stair rods, and curtain lathes, and is
carried into effect by drawing over the iron tube an inner coating of
zine, and an outer coating of brass, as in manner aforesaid.
Having thus fully described the nature of this my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be carried into effect, I would
have it clearly understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein-before given; but that which I claim as new, and of my
said Invention, is,-
Firstly, the construction of cornice poles or curtain rods of zinc and
brass together, for the purpose of deadening the sound, as aforesaid:
Secondly, the construction of curtain rings, with an inner surface of
zinc, and an outer surface of brass:
Thirdly, the casing or covering of iron tubes with an inner surface
of zinc, and an outer surface of brass..
In witness whereof, I, the said Martin Billing, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this First day of April, A.D. One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
MARTIN (L.S.) BILLING.