Improvements in Ventilating Appliances.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Ventilating Appliances.
I, JOSEPH LEATHER, of 65, Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant; do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates mainly to the ventilation of broughams cabs railway or
tramway carriages ships and other moving structures although it is applicable
to houses or other stationary structures when there is a sufficient current of air
past such structures and the object is to provide a simple and compact appliance
whereby air may be injected or caused to flow into the interior of a carriage,
room, or other place to be ventilated whilst gravel, dust, ashes, water or other
ponderable matters which may be carried in such air are effectually separated
therefrom before such air enters the carriage or other place; the same appliance
also serving to withdraw foul air, smoke, or other objectionable gases from the
carriage or other place.
For the above purposes I make use of a projection attached to the wall of the
structure, and I form an opening through the wall into the interior of the struc-
ture at each side of the projection. The projection is provided at or near its edge
at each side with a band or rim preferably having the inner surface curved and
between which and the faces of the projection a narrow opening or space is left
through which gravel, dust, ashes, water &c. are driven and escape. When a
current of air blows against the projection or the projection is carried along, as
on a carriage, a plenum is caused on one side of the projection whereby some
of the intercepted air is forced to enter the carriage through the opening in the
wall whilst another part escapes through the space between the rim and the face
of the projection carrying with it by reason of their momentum the gravel dust
ashes &c. in the air. A curved groove or channel is provided near each opening
to intercept and direct towards the rim any gravel, dust, ashes, &c. which would
otherwise enter the carriage. A partial vacuum is formed on the other side of
the projections whereby smoke, foul gases &c. are withdrawn from the interior
of the structure. In carriages which only travel in one direction the rim on
one side of the projection may be dispensed with.
In some cases to further increase the effectiveness of the appliance I attach
to, or form with, the face of the projection at about the centre a curved tapering
or wedge shaped piece to divide and deflect the air current towards the rim so as
to eliminate the cinders, ashes &c. and drive them outwards through the openings
in the rim. Between this piece and the face of the projection a space is left for
the passage of water, &c.
·זית

page_text: I, JOSEPH LEATHER, of 65, Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
drawings:-
This invention relates mainly to the ventilation of broughams, cabs railway or
tramway carriages ships and other moving structures, although it is applicable
to houses or other stationary structures when there is a sufficient current of air
past such structures; and the object is to provide a simple and compact appliance
whereby air may be injected or caused to flow into the interior of a carriage,
rooni or other place to be ventilated, whilst gravel, dust, ashes, water or other
ponderable matters which may be carried in such air are effectually separated
therefrom before such air enters the carriage or other place; the same appliance
also serving to cause the withdrawal of foul air, smoke or other objectionable
gases from the carriage or other place.
For the above purposes I make use of a projection attached to the wall of the
structure, and I form an opening through the wall into the interior of the struc-
ture at each side of the projection. The projection is provided at or near its edge
at each side with a band or rim preferably having the inner surface curved and
between which and the faces of the projection a narrow opening or space is left
through which gravel, -dust, ashes, water &c. are driven and escape. When a
current of air blows against the projection or the projection is carried along, as
on a carriage, a plenum is caused on one side of the projection whereby some
of the intercepted air is forced to enter the carriage through the opening in the
wall whilst another part escapes through the space between the rim and the face
of the projection carrying with it by reason of their momentum the dust, gravel,
ashes &c. in the air. A curved groove or channel is provided near each opening
to intercept and direct towards the rim any dust, ashes, &c. which would
otherwise enter the carriage. A partial vacuum is formed on the other side of
the projection whereby smoke, foul gases &c. are withdrawn from the interior
of the structure. In carriages which only travel in one direction the rim on
one side of the projection may be dispensed with.
In some cases to further increase the effectiveness of the appliance I attach
to, or form with the face of the projection at about the centre a curved tapering,
or wedgeshaped piece to divide and deflect the air current towards the rim, so as
to climinate the gravel, ashes, &c. and drive them outwards through the openings
in the rim. Between this piece and the face of the projection a space is left for
the passing of water.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a side view of appliances constructed according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section at the line A, A on Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is an end
view. a is the wall of a structure it may be a carriage, or a building is a
flat projecting piece attached to the wall by screws or otherwise, care
openings through the wall one on each side of the projection. d, dare bands
or rims all round the edge of the projection on each side, and formed with or
secured thereto in any convenient way. The bands or rims are preferably curved
on their inner faces d² as shown. e are openings, between the rims and the faces
of the projection to allow of gravel, dust &c. escaping. f f are curved pieces

page_text: fixed near the openings and forming channels for intercepting any gravel,
dust, &c. which does not pass through the openings e and which would otherwise
pass through the openings c or c¹.
When a current of air blows against the projection or the projection is carried
along, say on a carriage, say to the left hand on Fig. 1, the air is compressed
against the projection, the rim & confining the air and increasing the compression
the inner curved faces 2 of the rim deflecting the air towards the centre, and
part of said air flows laterally into the building or carriage through the opening c,
part escapes round the projection, and part through the openings e in the rim d,
any dust, gravel &c. carried in the air being carried past the opening and driven
out by the openings e or caught by the curved piece f, the air entering by the
opening c being quite free from such gravel, dust &c. At the same time a partial
vacuum is caused on the right side of the projection opposite the opening
causing smoke, vitiated air &c. to be withdrawn from the building or carriage
through such opening c. The arrows show the direction of the currents of air.
If the projection is is moved in the reverse direction the action is reversed, the
air entering through the opening and the vitiated air escaping through the
opening c. If the carriage to which the projection b is attached is only intended
to move in one direction one of the rims d' may be dispensed with; only the one
facing the direction of motion being retained as shewn in Fig. 6 which is a
horizontal section of a modification for acting in one direction only.
thus
Fig. 4 is an end view of a modification, and Fig. 5 is a side sectional view on
the line B, B, on Fig. 4. In this modification the arrangement and action of the
appliance is the same as in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 with the addition that tapered wedge
shaped pieces gg are attached to or formed with the projection b. These
wedge shaped pieces have the effect of more effectually diverting the gravel dust
&c. so as to cause them to be driven through the openings e in the rims d d¹.
Openings are provided between the pieces g g and the faces of the projection
to allow escape of rain water which might otherwise be driven through the
openings c, c.
Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of a combination of two single acting ventilators.
In this modification which may be used instead of that described under Fig. 1,
there are two separate single acting projecting pieces placed back to back but
having a space 6 between them. From this space there is an opening 2 through
the wall a which serves as an additional exit for smoke &c. from the carriage or
building where a more vigorous exhaust is required. A partial vacuum being
formed in the space 1, by the streams of air from the openings e in the rims d,
aided by the currents of air across the edges of the projecting pieces. The arrows
show the direction of the currents.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
First. In ventilating appliances the combination with an opening of openings
through a wall, of a projecting piece surrounded by a rim or rims such rim or
rims having openings adapted to allow escape of gravel, dust, rain, &c. sub-
stantially as described.
Second. In ventilating appliances the combination with a projecting piece
adapted to cause a plenum on one side and a partial vacuum on the other of a
rim or rims having openings adapted to allow escape of gravel, dust, rain &c.
0 substantially as described..
Third. In ventilating appliances the combination with a projecting piece
having a perforated rim or rims of a central tapering wedge shaped piece adapted
to allow escape of water between such central pieces and the faces of the pro-
jecting piece substantially as described.
Fourth. In ventilating appliances the combination with a projecting piece
adapted to cause a plenum on one side and a partial vacuum on the other of a

page_text: rim or rims with curved inner faces and having openings adapted to allow escape
of gravel, dust, rain, &c. substantially as described.
Fifth. In ventilating appliances the combination with a central opening and
two side openings through a wall of two projecting pieces having perforated rims
and adapted to cause a partial vacuum in a space between said two projecting
pieces substantially as described.
4444
STO
W. B. JOHNSON,
:
4, Clayton Square, Liverpool, Agent.