Reproduction of Writings, Drawings, and other Delineations.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1888
Reproduction of Writings, Drawings, and other Delineations.
I, SIDNEY TURNER of Albert House Grosvenor Park, Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This Invention relates to the mechanical reproduction of writings, etc., by the
use of perforated paper stencils; and it comprises an improved instrument for
perforating the stencil, and apparatus for use in printing by means of such perforated
paper stencils.
The writing produced by the perforating instruments heretofore employed, has
unavoidably been of an angular character in consequence of the motion of the instru-
ment being less free in some directions than in others causing irregular resistance to
the motion of the hand and sometimes tearing the paper.
The object of this invention is to render the motion of the perforating instrument
equally free in all directions, and by avoiding irregularities of resistance to render the
character of the writing more natural and graceful and avoid all liability to tear the
stencil.
The perforating part of the instrument has a rolling motion, not however about
any given axis as heretofore, but indifferently in all directions. This part of the
instrument is constituted by a steel ball having its entire surface so cut as to be studded
all over with minute points, and this ball is embraced by a cup within which it is free
to revolve in every direction and from which it partly projects so that it may be
brought into contact with the paper to be perforated. The ball is retained within
the cup by the latter embracing about two-thirds of its circumference, and it takes a
bearing at its upper side against the inside of the cup, the motion of the ball within
the cup being similar to that of a ball castor for furniture. The cup or ball holder is
attached to a shaft or handle at such an angle thereto that when held as an ordinary
writing pen, the ball will bear directly on the paper.

page_text: The apparatus for use in printing or reproducing writings, etc., by the aid of the
perforated stencil is designed to facilitate the printing operation and avoid liability of
injuring the delicate paper stencil.
In the apparatus heretofore used, it has been usual to roll an inked roller over the
stencil in order to force the ink through the perforations of the stencil and deposit it
on the paper to be printed on, placed beneath. In the operation of inking great care
must be exercised to avoid injurying the stencil.
In this improved apparatus, the operation is reversed with the objects above
stated.
The apparatus comprises a writing and an inking block or table carried on base
boards hinged together with a sort of tympan or frame for holding the paper stencil
hinged between and adapted to be laid on the writing table for being perforated, and
of being laid reverse side down on the inking table for the printing operation,
these tables both corresponding to the inside dimensions of the stencil holding tympan
or frame and registering therewith. For printing, the inking table is to be evenly
coated with ink and the reversed stencil laid down thereon. The paper to be printed
on is then laid upon the stencil and pressure applied upon the paper by means of a roller
pad or otherwise.

page_text: An improved Instrument and Apparatus Ior Use in the mechanical
Reproduction of Writings, Drawings, and other Delineations.
I, SIDNEY TURNER, of Albert House, Grosvenor Park, Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascortained
in and by the following statement :-
"
This Invention relates to the mechanical reproduction of writings, etc., by the use
of perforated paper stencils and an inking surface from which the ink is caused to
pass through the perforations of the stencil to the paper to be printed upon.
The Invention comprises an improved instrument for perforating the stencil,
and apparatus for use in printing by means of such perforated paper stencils.
The characters produced by the perforating instruments heretofore employed have
unavoidably been of an angular form in consequence of the motion of the perforating
instrument being less free in some directions than in others causing irregular resist-
ance to the motion of the hand which besides detracting from the character of the
writing renders the use of the instrument difficult to an unskilled hand, and is the
cause of frequent injury to the stencil by tearing the paper.
The object of this invention is to render the motion of the perforating instrument
equally free in all directions and by avoiding irregularities of resistance to rondor
the character of the writing more natural and graceful and avoid all liability to tear
the stencil.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings in which figure 1 is a sectional
view of the perforating instrument, drawn to a highly magnified scale. Figure 2
is a plan view of the other part of the apparatus, and figures 3 and 4 are cross-
sections of same in two positions. The same letters of reference indicate the same
parts in all the figures.
may
The perforating part of the instrument has a rolling motion, not however about any
one given axis as heretofore, but universal or indifferently in all directions. This
part of the instrument is constituted by a steel ball A which may either be smooth or
may have its entire surface so cut (somewhat after the manner of a cross-cut file) as
to be studded all over with minute points, and this ball is embraced by a cup B within
which it is free to revolve in every direction and from which it partly projects so that
it be brought into contact with the paper to be perforated. The ball A is retained
within the cup by the latter embracing about two-thirds of its circumference, and it
takes a bearing at its upper side against the inside of the cup as shewn, the notion
of the ball within the cup being similar to that of a ball castor for furniture. The
cup or ball-holder is attached to a handle Cat such an angle thereto that when held
as an ordinary writing pen the ball will bear directly on the paper and may be
moved freely thereon by a motion of the hand as in writing with an ordinary lead
pencil.
In the operation of producing the stencil, the prepared paper to be perforated is
held stretched over, and supported by, a hard smooth surface such as a sheet of metal
which, if a smooth ball be used, must be studded with minute asperities by being
cross-cut in the manner of a file as above mentioned, or which would be smooth if a
roughened ball be used, and the perforating instrument is used in the manner of a
lead pencil, care being taken to apply it with as nearly uniform a pressure as possible.

page_text: This supporting surface for the stencil forms part of the apparatus next to be
described.
The apparatus for use in printing or reproducing writings, etc., by the aid of the
perforated stencil, is designed to facilitate the printing operation, avoid liability of
injuring the delicate paper stencil, and dispense with the use of the ordinary composi-
tion rollers.
In this improved apparatus, the operation is the reverse of that followed with
existing apparatus of a similar kind. The stencil adheres uniformly and over its
whole area to the inking surface, whilst the necessary pressure is applied by a soft,
non-adhesive, impression roller which is not applied directly to the stencil but to the
back of the paper to be printed on. The apparatus comprises a writing block D and
an inking table E carried on baso boards FF hinged together. The waxed-paper
stencil G is held in a sort of tympan or frame H which is hinged between the writing
and inking tables D, E, so as to be adapted to lay the stencil on the writing table D,
as in figures 2 and 3, for being perforated or to lay it reverse-side down on the inking
table E for the printing operation, as in figure 4. These tables D. E, both correspond
to the inside dimensions of the stencil-holding tympan or frame H and register there-
with. The base boards F, are hinged together so as to fold as shewn in dotted lines
in figure 4 when not in use. Both the writing and inking tables are plates of metal
fixed on supporting blocks, the writing table being roughened as above mentioned, if
a smooth ball is used in the writing instrument, and the frame H is double or formed
of two superposed frames fitting together with tongue and groove joints on the
abutting faces and secured by hook or other fastenings whereby the margin of the
stencil sheet is securely clamped.
The stencil having been written ou and perforated whilst resting on the table D, as
in figures 2 and 3, the frame H is to be turned on its hinges g so as to lay the stencil
as shown in figure 4 face downwards on the table E which has previously been evenly
coated with ink by means of a wooden roller, and to which the stencil.adheres. The
paper to be printed on is then laid upon the stencil and pressure applied upon the
paper by means of a soft impression roller covered with amadou, spongio-lignine, or
other soft material other than a gelatine composition which is liable to melt and
deteriorate.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st. The improved perforating instrument for producing paper stencils, consisting
of a ball free to rotate on any axis in a cup-like holder in combination with a hard
supporting surface for the stencil paper, either the ball or the supporting surface being
roughened, as specified.
2nd. The combination with a paper stencil of an inked surface and the herein
described mode of printing therewith by laying the stencil on the inked surface, and
the paper to be printed on upon the inked stencil and applying pressure to the back
of the paper, as described.
3rd. The combination of the writing table D, and the printing table or surface E,
hinged together and the stencil-holding-frame H hinged between them and adapted to
lay the stencil held in said frame upon either the one or the other, as specified.
Dated this 27th day of September 1888