IMPROVED PROCESS AND INGREDIENTS FOR TREATING AND PREPARING WOVEN FABRICS SKINS FURS HIDES AND LEATHER GENERALLY ALSO FOR WATERPROOFING SUCH ARTICLES OR GOODS WITHOUT DESTROYING THE VENTILATING PROPERTIES THEREOF
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Thomas Gardner of 166 Fleet Street in the City
of London for an invention of IMPROVED PROCESS AND INGREDIENTS FOR
TREATING AND PREPARING WOVEN FABRICS SKINS FURS HIDES AND LEATHER
GENERALLY ALSO FOR WATERPROOFING SUCH ARTICLES OR GOODS WITHOUT
DESTROYING THE VENTILATING PROPERTIES THEREOF A communication from
abroad by Nicholas Hardinn of Italian Street St. Petersburg in the Empire of
Russia
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Thomas Gardner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1882.
DANIEL THOMAS GARDNER of 166 Fleet Street in the city of London
IMPROVED PROCESS AND INGREDIENTS FOR TREATING AND PREPARING WOVEN
FABRICS SKINS, FURS, HIDES AND LEATHER GENERALLY ALSO FOR WATERPROOFING
SUCH ARTICLES OR GOODS WITHOUT DESTROYING THE VENTILATING PROPERTIES
THEREOF. A communication from abroad by Nicholas Hardinn of Italian Street
St Petersburg in the Empire of Russia.
The object of this invention is improved process and ingredients for treating and
preparing woven fabrics skins furs, hides and leather generally also for water-
proofing such articles or goods without destroying the ventilating properties
thereof.
This process in principal is based upon alumina formed by a solution of acetic
acid being introduced into the cloth or hide, after drying the cloth the acetic
alumina acid dissolves and remains in the pores of the cloth as an undissoluble
fundamental union of alumina which does not allow water to pass through the
cloth and the latter is not even moistened by water.
The process consists of the following: a dissolution of alum or sulphuric alumina
is combined with a dissolution of lead sugar (Sacch Saturni) until forming a
sediment of sulphate of lead the liquid is separated from the white sediment of
sulphate of lead by means of filtration or dessecation, the transparent sediment of

page_text: Acetic alumina acid baving generally an acid reaction is neutralised to the medium
by soda or carbonate of ammonia.
Such a dissolution is considered ready it is diluted by water according to the
requirements but not stronger than 4° Beaumé the strength of the dissolution is
regulated accordingly to the nature of the cloth to be impregnated; for stout and
thick cloth the dissolution must be of 1°-15 B, for light and thin ones the
dissolution must be of 3 to 4° B for, hides the dissolution must not be thicker
than 1° B.
The common use is composed of a dissolution of 1 part alum with 25-50 parts of
water, sulphate of lead with 30-70 parts of water saccharum saturni with 20 parts
of water but the surest way of judging the strength of the dissolution is according
to the Areometer a neutralisation of the dissolution by Alkali is inevitably required
for the better absorption of the dissolution by the cloth.
Cloth must be kept in the solution from 6 to 90 hours always according to the
nature of the cloth a solution that has been used. may after being thickened again
be used for impregnation.
By these means Woollen, Cotton, Hemp, Jute, Flax and silk cloth is rendered
waterproof such saturation is just as well fitted for skins hides ie for light goods
as for sole leather chamois kid etc, cloth, skins, and furs dressed by this method
are not subject to destruction by moth. The colour of cloths to be dyed does not
alter from the effect of the impregnation while the cloth becoming impenetrable by
water still leaves a passage to the air gases and steam.
Raw hides not tanned being submerged in such a dissolution are preserved and
obtain all the qualifications of tanned ones even they can replace the latter ones in
all manufactures.
Rawhides must be taken in hand after the membrans and hair being scraped
off and must be dipped four times into the solution, every time 24 hours, and
after each operation of drenching the hide must be dried until the acetic odour
disappears.
Skins after being soaked are to be treated by the usual process then again
drenched in order to render them impermeable. Dry or stiff skins if treated by
this process acquire again their previous softness. Should the impregnation not be
successful in consequence of insufficient drenching the cloth or hide is to be dried
and taken through another process of drenching. The time for drenching each
kind of cloth may be determined previously by a sample
To accelerate the operation of impregnation a drenching or dipping in a similar
solution heated to 104-110° Fahr may take place, for bides, especially for thick
ones such a temperature is indispensable.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Daniel Thomas Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th October 1882.
DANIEL THOMAS GARDNER of 166 Fleet Street in the City of London.
IMPROVED PROCESS AND INGREDIENTS FOR TREATING AND PREPARING WOVEN
FABRICS, SKINS, FURS, HIDES AND LEATHER GENERALLY, ALSO FOR WATERPROOFING
SUCH ARTICLES OR GOODS WITHOUT DESTROYING THE VENTILATING PROPERTIES
THEREOF. (Communicated from abroad by Nicholas Hardinn of Italian Street St.
Petersburg in the Empire of Russia.
This process in principal is based upon Alumina formed by a solution of acetic
acid, being introduced into the cloth or hide, after drying the cloth the acetic
Alumin Acid dissolves and remains in the pores of the cloth as an indissoluble
fundamental union of Alumina, which does not allow water to pass through the
cloth, and the latter is not even moistened by water.
The process consists of the following: a dissolution of Alum or Sulphuric
Alumina is combined with a dissolution of Lead sugar (Sacch. Saturni) until
forming a sediment of sulphate of Lead, the liquid is separated from the white
sediment of sulphate of Lead by means of filtration or dessectation, the transparent
sediment of Acetic Alumina Acid having generally an acid reaction is neutralised
to the medium by soda or carbonate of ammonia.
Such a dissolution is considered ready, it is diluted by water according to the
requirements but not stronger than 4° Beaumé the strength of the dissolution is
regulated accordingly to the nature of the cloth to be impregnated; for stout and
thick cloth the dissolution must be of 1°-1, 5 B, ¡for light and thin ones the
dissolution must be of 3 to 4° B. for hides the dissolution must not be thicker
than 1° B.
The common use is composed of a dissolution of 1 part Alum with 25-50 parts,
sulphate of Lead with 30-70 parts of water, Saccharum Saturni with 20 parts of
water, but the surest way of judging the strength of the dissolution is according
to the
a neutralisation of the dissolution by Alkali is inevitably required
for the better absorption of the dissolution by the cloth.
Cloth must be kept in the solution from 6 to 90 hours always according to the
nature of the cloth, a solution that has been used may after being thickened again
be used for impregnation.
By these means, Woollen, Cotton, Hemp, Jute, Flax and Silk cloth is rendered
waterproof, such saturation is just as well fitted for skins, hides, i.e. for light goods
as for sole leather, chamois, kid &c, cloth, skins, and furs dressed by this method
are not subject to destruction by moth.
The colour of cloths to be dyed does not alter from the effect of the impregnation,
while the cloth becoming impenetrable by water still leaves a passage to the air,
gases, and steam.
Raw hides not tanned being submerged in such a dissolution are preserved and
obtain all the qualifications of tanned ones even they can replace the latter ones in
all manufactures.
Raw hides must be taken in hand after the membranes and hair being scraped
off and must be dipped four times into the solution, every time 24 hours and
after each operation of drenching the hide must be dried until the acetic odour
disappears.
Skins after being soaked, are to be treated by the usual process, then again
drenched in order to render them impermeable.

page_text: Dry or stiff skins if treated by this process acquire again their previous softness.
Should the impregnation not be successful in consequence of insufficient
drenching, the cloth or hide is to be dried and taken through another process of
drenching.
The time for drenching each kind of cloth may be determined previously by
a sample.
To accelerate the operation of impregnation a drenching or dipping may take
place in a similar solution heated to 104-110° Fahr. for hides especially for thick
ones, such a temperature is indispensable.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed; I declare that I claim;
The employment of Acetic Alumina Acid prepared in the above manner for
waterproofing cloth and fabrics generally as described.
In witness whereof I the said Daniel Thomas Gardner have have hereunto
set my hand and seal this nineteenth day of October in the year of our
Lord, One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
DANIEL. THOMAS GARDNER (L.S.)