matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Year: 1888

page_text: 1, HARRY SOMERVILLE MORGAN, of Melrose, The Avenue, Richinond, in the
County of Surrey, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to a book-mark forining a permanent attachment to a book
and serving both for effectually marking the place when reading and also for use as
a cutter for cutting the leaves of a book.
Book-markers which are attached to books usually consist of silk ribbons sewn in
with the leaves. They are necessarily narrow and they consequently do not so
effectually mark the place, as to enable the reader to readily open the book at the
desired place, as they would do were they of a more substantial character. It is,
moreover, necessary that the markers now in use should be of some pliable material
in order that they may fold over the edges of the book when the book is closed.
Now, the object of my invention is to provide a marker which will much more
effectually mark the place than those heretofore employed, and thus avoid any induce-
ment to the reader to turn down the corners of the leaves of a book by which so much
damage is often occasioned, and serve also as a paper cutter.
The marker of my invention consists of a comparatively narrow ribbon or elastic
band bound in with the book or otherwise permanently attached thereto, whose free
end is broadened or provided with a tab or blade preferably of cardboard, ivory, or
wood, and which is securely attached to the ribbon.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing which shews the combined
marker and paper cutter attached to a book.
The marker of my invention consists of the ordinary narrow ribbon or elastic a
secured into the binding of the book, and of a broadened end or blade portion b in one
with, or securely attached to, the free end of the ribbon or elastic in any suitable way.
This blade or tab would usually be made of cardboard, ivory, or thin wood, between
layers of which the end of the ribbon or elastic would be glued and it would be made

page_text: substantially of the shape illustrated in the accompanying drawing. It may have
one of its edges b¹ bevelled, to facilitate cutting the leaves, and it may be varnished
or covered with paper or otherwise ornamented with suitable designs or mottoes.
The blade would not only serve as a paper cutter but would be available also as
a medium for the communication of useful information to the readers of the book, and
for advertisements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The herein described combined book-marker and paper-cutter consisting of a
blade or tab of cardboard, ivory, wood, or other suitable material attached to a
narrow ribbon or elastic secured in the binding of the book, substantially as
specified.
provements in Lasts and Trees Used in the Manufacture of Boots and Shoes
Year: 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Lasts and Trees Used in the Manufacture of Boots
and Shoes
I, ROBERT WHITTON, of 24, St Giles Street, Northampton, in the county of
Northampton, Last and Boot Tree Maker and Shoe Machinery Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
-
My invention relates to lasts and trees employed in paring and finishing the
edges of and sizing and sleeking and treeing boots and shoes and for other purposes
in their manufacture In carrying out my invention the lasts and trees are inade
in two parts, one part forming the front or foot of the last and the other the heel
and leg
The meeting faces of the two parts are formed respectively with a transverse
bead or projection and a corresponding groove or recess serving to hold the parts
together when inserted in the boot or shoe without the aid of springs or bolts
To introduce the last or tree into a boot or shoe, the front or foot part is first
placed therein and the heel and leg part is then pressed down into the boot or
shoe until the bead enters the groove when the two parts will be held firmly
together
The withdrawal of the last or tree from the boot or shoe is accomplished by a
slight backward pressure being applied to the heel or leg part of the last or tree
thereby disengaging the bead from the groove and the heel and leg part can be
then easily withdrawn without causing any strain upon the boot or shoe
1000
G F REDFERN & Co,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant

page_text: This modification is illustrated in Figure 5 which shews a last having the heel
Fortion 6 provided with a handle h for introducing it into and withdrawing it from a
boot or shoe instead of with a leg portion or tree
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim 18
(1) A last and tree formed in two parts the meeting faces of which are formed
respectively with a bead or projection and a corresponding groove or recess, sub-
stantially as, and for the purpose, herein before described
(2) The manufacture and use of the improved lasts, hereinbefore described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings
Improvements in Apparatus for Weighing.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Weighing.
I, SAMUEL WILSON SUFFIELD, of 71, Lionel Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to apply one fixed weight in such a manner as to
answer instead of several loose weights for weighing varying masses.
This invention is especially applicable as a postal balance, but it is also suitable for
general use as an apparatus for weighing.
The construction of my apparatus will be easily understood by reference to the
accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 shews a side elevation and Fig. II a plan of a
balance constructed in accordance with my invention.
A is a stand from which rises a pillar B having a table C at the top.
This table carries uprights D having suitable slots to receive the knife-edge pivots E
of the balance beam F.
This beam F has a fixed weight G at its shorter end, and the longer arm of F is
graduated with a scale to suit the purpose for which the balance is intended.
The link H slides freely on the beam F, and carries a pan or holder I for articles to
be weighed, as for example, the letter ['.
The needle J indicates in the usual manner the adjustment of the balance.
When not in use for weighing the weight G rests on the arm C¹ which carries the
table C.
The form of the link H serves to enable it to be easily removed from the beam F
when required, though not liable to slide off accidentally.
This is effected by the relations of the stop-pin k in the beam F and notches in
the link E.
When the link H and pan or holder I are removed from the beam F the latter can
be unshipped from the slots in the uprights D for convenience of stowage.
Another form of my apparatus is shewn by Figs. III and IV.

page_text: Fig. III is a side elevation and Fig. IV a plan of my apparatus made to fix as a
bracket instead of being on a stand.
Except in the substitution of the bracket for the stand this apparatus is similar in
its parts to that shewn by Figs. I and II.
In another slightly modified form my apparatus may be suspended from overhead,
but its essential paris would remain as shewn.
The scope of the apparatus may be largely increased if supplementary weights be
added to G as required, such weights being, when in use, fixed to G so as to form
part thereof.
My apparatus is specially suitable for computing the weights of goods in bulk from
small measured samples, as for instance corn, seeds, liquids, paper, cordage or any
other goods capable of being accurately sampled.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
-
Balances constructed to give a series of weighings from a fixed weight, as described
and illustrated.
Dated this 25th day of Santomhar 1999
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Nov.. 1888
I JAMES SHORT Carriage Builder Butts Hill Frome Somerset do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
It consists in making carriages and the parts thereof interchangeable in such
manner that a four wheel carriage may be used either as a four wheeler or a two
wheeler. By a simple contrivance I take away the front half of a four wheel carriage
and by putting a pair of shafts to the hinder part I construct a complete two wheel
carriage out of such hinder part, a dash board &c. being added as may be found
necessary.

page_text: 1, JAMES SHORT, Carriage Builder, Butts Hill, Frome, Somerset, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the saine is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention consists essentially in enabling—by means of my Improvements—a
wheeled vehicle to be easily changed from say a four wheel carriage to a two wheeled
vehicle and vice versa.
:
In accordance with my Invention, I make certain parts of a vehicle interchange-
able thus, in the case of a four wheel carriage I take away the front part, which in
ordinary cases would be effected by sliding a bolt and lifting a spring on each side of
the vehicle; the front part of the carriage thereupon becomes detached from the hind
part, leaving the latter complete as a two wheeled vehicle by adding a pair of shafts,
these latter being fastened by the same holt above mentioned which holds or secures
the front carriage. The back ends of the shafts slide between india rubber blocks at
back end of the body of the vehicle so as to allow of easy draught, and so arranged as
to suit horses of different heights. A dash board may also be added and other
accessories according to requirements.
The reverse operation of converting the two wheeled vehicle above described to a
four wheeled vehicle would simply be effected by withdrawing the bolts aforesaid as
also the shafts and then replacing the front part of the vehicle and locking same by
means of the bolt and spring arrangemont hereinbefore referred to. The whole opera-
tion of interchanging in either case can be effected by any unskilled person and
need not occupy more than some two minutes.
It will be self evident that as so many different types of carriages exist, the details
of the fastening and releasing (as the case may be) devices would have to be varied to
suit each particular case. I do not therefore restrict myself to the particular method
of fastening above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Making wheeled vehicles interchangeable substantially as herein set forth.
Year: 1888

page_text: I, MORITZ AUGUST HARRACH, of No. 28 Markus Strasse, in the City of Berlin, in
the German Empire, Zoologist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved polish for furniture and other articles.
It is well known to all persons connected with the cabinet making polishing and
other kindred trades that the polish now employed for polishing wood and other
surfaces cannot be used unless a small quantity of oil is frequently applied to the
polishing wad in order to prevent the same from sticking to the polish and tearing off
a portion of the same.
This process has the disadvantage that only experienced polishers can be employed
and that it is very difficult to prevent the oil so employed from penetrating the pores
of the wood.
The disadvantage of using oil soon makes itself apparent and especially when
the polishing articles are subjected to changes of temperature as the oil will sweat
through the polish and give the furniture or other articles the well known dull spotted
appearance, so that the same must be re-polished and even this will, in most cases, only
prove a temporary remedy.
It has consequently long been the desire of all connected with the polishing trade to
obtain a polish which will overcome these great disadvantages and numerous
experiments have been made to this end but hitherto without success.
Now this present invention avoids all the disadvantages accruing from the use of
oil and is carried into effect in the following manner. The ordinary polish consists,
generally, of a solution of shellac and other gums in alcohol spirits of wine and this is
also employed in the improved polish, but to the same is added a saturated solution of
spermaceti, stearine, palmitine, stearic acid, palmetic acid or paraffine with high melting
point, in ether, in such proportion that about 20 to 25 parts of spermaceti, stearine,
paraffine, palmatine, stearic acid or palmetic acid is added to each 100 parts of gum
employed.

page_text: Instead of employing ether as solvent, any of the known solvents. of the above
mentioned materials can be used, such, for instance, as alcohols, bi-sulphuret of carbon,
benzine, turpentine oil, pine oil, volatile hydro-carbon and the like.
Or instead of first dissolving the gum or gums and then adding the ingredients
given above, the said gum or gums and the additional ingredient aforementioned can
be previously mixed and dissolved simultaneously in the same solvent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
The manufacture and use of an improved polish for polishing wood and other wooden
articles without the employment of oil, by adding spermaceti, stearine, palmatine,
stearic acid, palmetic acid or paraffine to the polishing fluid or gum or gums,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth in the foregoing specification.
Tinted thin 1 ....
J
1000
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Washing, Rinsing, and Wringing Linen and the like.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th July, 1889-Accepted, 2nd Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Washing, Rinsing,
and Wringing Linen and the like.
GEORGE GINGER No. 1 Gloucester Villas Popes Grove Twickenham Wine & Spirit
Merchants Assistant I do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
A cold water washing rinsing and wringing machine adapted for band or steam-
power, without the use of rollers dolly or wheels. It consists of a simple box with
perforated partitions with a pump inserted into the box which causes a stream of
water to flow through the linen &c. untill purified from dirt, a tap is fixed into bottom
to draw off dirty or waste water. A cover fits top of machine to which is attatched a
powerfull screw which presses out the water, acting as a wringer without injuring the
articles the whole closes in as a linen press, or as a kitchen table if so required.
Dated this 30th day of November 1888.
GEORGE GINGER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Washing, Rinsing,
and Wringing Linen and the like.
GEORGE GINGER 1 Gloucester Villas Popes Grove Twickenham. S.W. Wine
Merchant's Assistant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My Invention consists of a tank with a perforated partition c three inches from the
bottom, also a perforated tube at each end d into which a pump a is inserted, the said
pump having a spout with a rose B attatched facing downwards over the centre of
the tank. The water is pumped from the bottom of the tank and is passed through
the rose and percolates through the linen &c. during the process of washing the
linen &c.
E a screw which fixes into the top of the tank and
presses on to a sliding plato F.
and used for pressing the water out of the linen and the like, through the perforated
partitions c & d.
The apparatus is adapted for washing, rinsing, and wringing linen and the like.
The apparatus is adapted for tanks of any size & shapes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and what manner the same is to be performed I declare what I claim is
Improvements in the method of and apparatus for washing rinsing and wringing
linen and the like by a cold water process.
a
1000
GEORGE GINGER,
1, Gloucester Villas, Pope's Grove, Twickenham, S.W.
An Improvement in Heel Tips and Toe Tips for the Soles and Heels of Boots and Shoes.
Year: 1888

page_text: An Improvement in Heel Tips and Toe Tips for the Soles and Heels
of Boots and Shoes.
I JOHN FRANCIS GOODMAN Boot & Shoe Manufacturer's Manager 38 Upper
Forster Street Walsall Staffordshire do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
By the insertion of india rubber under and through the Heel Tips and Toe Tips for
the soles and heels of boots and shoes to make the said Heel Tips and Toe Tips noise-
less and non-slipping when in wear.
The said india rubber to protrude or come through any distance necessary above the
surface of the aforesaid Heel Tips and Toe Tips for the soles and heels of boots and
shoes, and to be made in one piece or in sections or of any shape or configuration
whatsoever
The said Heel Tips and Toe Tips for the soles and heels of boots and shoes to be
made of leather, brass, iron, or any other material.
Dad thin ath def T1000

page_text: An Improvement in Heel Tips and Toe Tips for the Soles and Heels
of Boots and Shoes.
I JOHN FRANCIS GOODMAN Boot & Shoe Manufacturer's Manager of 38 Upper
Forster Street Walsall Staffordshire do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement
My Improvement consists of the insertion of india-rubber under and through the
Heel Tips and Toe Tips for soles and heels of boots and shoes, the Tips to be plates of
any cast or sheet metal with holes or perforations in cach through which lugs or studs
of the india-rubber protrude to any required extent, the object of these protruding
lugs or studs together with the metal plates being to make the Tips suitable for walking
upon slippery surfaces and for purposes where noiseless walking is required.
By way of example I have represented in the accompanying drawings a Heel-tip
and Toe-tip constructed according to my Invention.
In Figures I and II-which show a plan and sectional view respectively of the
Heel-tip A is the metal plate and B the india-rubber, lugs or studs of which are
shown protruding through the holes or perforations in the plate, and in Figures III
and IV which show a plan and sectional view respectively of the Toe-tip-is the
metal plate and D the india-rubber, lugs or studs of which are shown protruding
through the holes or perforations in the plate, substantially as herein before described.
In each Heel-tip and Toe-tip the india-rubber may be_in_one_piece or in sections,
and the surface of the protruding lugs or studs may be either plain, or furrowed as
shown in the drawings
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
'and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is .-
I. The combination of the metal plate with holes or perforations therein and the
india-rubber with its protruding lugs or studs, substantially as, and for the purposes,
here before described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
WILFRED P. GOSLING,
11, Johnstone Street, Ladywood, Birmingham,
Agent for Applicant.
A New or Improved Barometer.
Year: 1888

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Barometer.
I, THOMAS HOLMES BLAKESLEY of No. 13 Castletown Road Fulham in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to a construction of barometer, simple, cheap and portable,
and easily applied for observation of atmospheric pressures.
The instrument consists of a straight glass tube having a bore as uniform as possible,
and small enough to retain a thread of mercury occupying part of its length in a
continuous condition when the tube is held vertically. One end of this tube is
hermetically closed and between it and the mercury there is a cushion of air. The
tube is graduated, or is attached to a scale graduated in equal divisions such as inches,
the zero being at the closed end of the tube. The instrument or its scale is provided
with a hook or eye at each end so that it can be suspended either end upwards.
In order to find the height of mercury due to any atmospheric pressure, 1 read on
the scale where the end of the mercury thread next the closed end of the tube appears,
when that end points upwards and also when it points downwards. I divide the sum
of those two readings by their difference and multiply this result by the length of the
mercury thread in inches; the product is the height of the barometer in inches at
the time of making the observations. For convenience of computation the mercury
thread may be exactly 10 inches, or of such length that at the zero of temperature it
would occupy 10 inches, in which case the readings are such as to give the reduced
height of the barometer at zero of temperature. Although I have mentioned inches
as the units of graduation, obviously other units might be employed such as
centimetres.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
A barometer consisting of a glass, tube closed at one end and containing a cushion
of air and a thread of mercury, with graduations for indicating the volumes of
the air cushion when the tube is inverted and reverted, substantially as herein
described.
Dated this 28th day of February 1888.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th June, 1838
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 25th May, 1889
I, WILLIAM GEORGE FORSTER of Lonesome Chemical Works, Streatham Common,
in the County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
Hitherto sodium and potassium have been manufactured by the reduction of their
alkalies by contact with solid carbonaceous material in a heater condition.
According to my invention I melt the alkali and then when it is highly heated
intro.luce into the liquid alkali a stream of coal gas or carbonaceous vapor or other
such gas or vapor as in metallurgy serves to reduce metallic oxides.
Preferably heat the gas or vapor before passing it into the liquid alkali.
When coal gas is used it may be drawn from gas mains or it may be generated
from carbonaceous material when required for use.
The metal when formed is distilled over and is condensed and collected in a suitable
receiver as is usual.

page_text: I WILLIAM GEORGE FORSTER, of Lonesome Chemical Works, Streatham Common,
in the County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of sodium and potassium, and it comprises
an improved method of introducing the necessary amount of carbon for effecting the
reduction of the alkalies.
Hitherto in manufacturing sodium and potassium the reduction of the alkalies bas
been effected by means of solid carbonaceous material but this mode of manufacture
possesses certain disadvantages the chief of which is the difficulty of maintaining the
carlxm in contact with the alkali.
According to my invention I introduce into the alkali when in a fused condition
coal gas or carbonaceous vapor or such other gas or vapour as in metallurgy serves to
reduce metallic oxides. The alkali umy he used in any suitable apparatus but in
practice I prefer to fuse it by means of the apparatus forming the subject of my
application dated October 6, A.D. 1888, No. 14394 and which will be described in
the Complete Specification thereof, and to introduce the gas or vapour through a
perforated pipe which is immersed in the fused alkali, so that as the gas escapes
through the perforations it comes into intimate contact with the alkali whereby the
reduction is effected.
The gas or vapour which may be drawn from gas mains or generated as required
for use is preferably introduced into the liquid alkali in a honted condition and by
means of a pump or its equivalent.
The metal as it is formed is distilled over and condensed and collected in a suitable
receiver in the usual manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
In the manufacturo of sodium or potassium the employment of coal gas or other
suitable gas or vapour for effecting the reduction of the alkalies, substantially as
described.
B
1000
Year: 1888

page_text: of Germany, Mill Director.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to waterproof covering for roofs, and it has for its objects
improvements in such coverings.
The improved waterproof covering is made as follows:-Woven fabric of jute, flax,
or other spun material is impregnated with a solution which renders it sufficiently
incombustible. This solution consists of one part of tungstate of soda, ten parts of
sulphate of ammonia, and one hundred parts of water.
After the material has remained in this solution until it is properly saturated,
the moisture is squeezed out and it is hung up to dry, and is then submitted to an
asphalting process in the following manner. For this purpose the material is' passed
through a heated iron vessel containing a mixture of Trinidad asphalt, tar, oil, and
sulphur, in about the following proportions, that is to say, about 100 kilogrammes of
asphalt, 40 kilogrammes of tar, kilogramme of oil, and about 300 grammes of
Sulphur.
After the asphalted fabric is removed from the vessel, it is passed through a double
or fork-shaped frame consisting of two iron tubes about one inch diameter heated
by steam or hot water. This frame is moveable round its longer axis, and by its
means the surplus asphalt mixture is removed from both sides of the fabric, and the
surface left smooth.
The still warm and soft fabric is then sanded on both sides and is then whilst in a
half hardened state passed between two iron pressure rollers by which the sand is
pressed in and fixed.

page_text: The material has then become so cold, that it can be cut up into pieces of any
desired length and breadth in the way usual, or left uncut.
I do not confine myself to the precise proportions and quantities of the different
materials described, which may be varied more or less according to the purpose and
circumstances under which the material is to be used.
The improved covering material is very durable, light, and can be very quickly and
easily applied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In waterproof covering material for roofs, the use of Jute or other woven fabric,
which is first soaked in the solution described, then dried and passed through a heated
pan or vessel containing the asphalt composition described, the surplus of which is
removed by a heated stripping frame, and the surface being then sanded and passed
between rollers, and cut into pieces of the required size, all substantially in the manner
and for the purpose described.
בד
L 1
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Lock Cases.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1889-Accepted. 22nd June, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lock Cases.
I DANIEL ROWLINSON RATCLIFF of Finsbury Pavement in the City of London
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention of Improvements in lock cases relates to a method of constructing
cases for locks of safes strong room doors and the like whereby greater security is
obtained and a large number of rivets or screws is enabled to be employed to fasten
the case to the door. A lock case according to my Invention is made with a flat
plate of metal flanged up around its edge to form the sides where the locking
bolts are protruded and this lock case is affixed to the door of the safe with the
flat plato next the door so that bolts or rivets may be passed through the door
and the plate in any position and at any desired number of points.
.
The open side of the Case can be closed by a flat plate attached to the sides of
the Case by any ordinary or suitable means.
Dated this 4th day of August 1480
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lock Cases.
I, DANIEL ROWLINSON RATCLIFF of Finsbury Pavement in the City of London,
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This Invention of improvements in lock cases relates to a method of constructing
cases for locks of safes, strong room doors and the like whereby greater security is
obtained and a larger number of rivets or screws is enabled to be employed to
fasten the case to the door than when made in the ordinary manner.
The accom-
panying drawing is a perspective view of a lock case constructed according to my
Invention and consists of a flat plate of metal A flanged up around its edge to form
the sides or rim a in which openings 6 are provided through which the locking bolts
are protruded. This lock case is affixed to the door B of the safe, strong room or
the like with the flat plate A next the door so that bolts or rivets c for fixing it
may be passed through the door and the plate in any position and at any desired
number of points.
The open side of the case can be closed by a flat plate as at C attached to the
sides of the case by rivetting or other suitable means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
.
Lock cases for safes, strong room doors and the like constructed and fixed
substantially in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accom-
panying drawing.
Dated this 6th day of May 1889.
Certain Improvements in Strengthening and Testing Wrought Metal and Steel Bars.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1888
Specification Accepted, 21st Dec., 1888
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Certain Improvements in Strengthening and Testing Wrought Metal
and Steel Bars.
I, ERNEST LESLIE RANSOME, of No. 402 Montgomery Street, in the City and County
of San Francisco, and State of California, one of the United States of America,
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention relates to means for increasing the strength of wrought-metal or steel
bars of whatever shape in cross-section, and at the same time testing them for imperfec-
tions; and it consists in twisting said bars while cold, the process being more especially
applicable to rods or bars of iron or steel.
In carrying this invention out in practice, I have made frequent experiments, and
have discovered that when wrought-metal or steel bars are twisted cold, considerable
addition is made to their strength, in some cases as much as ten per cent.
Tests made with iron thus twisted will show, if one-half the bar be left plain and
the other twisted, that when tensile strain is applied to the bar until it reaches a
breaking point, the breakage invariably occurs in that portion which has not been
twisted, and at a point distant from the point where the twisting commenced.
Similar experiments upon separate bars of the same size and material have shown
the same results, the effect being universal in my experience that when twisted cold
the bars are increased in strength.
Another advantage I have discovered is that any defect in the lamination of the
metal, which would otherwise be concealed, is revealed by the twisting, and imperfec-
tions are shown at once so that such bars may be thrown out.
I have ascertained that there is no difficulty in thus twisting iron of any of the
ordinary sizes used for bolts and other purposes, the twist being, ordinarily, from one-
eighth to a full turn to every foot in length.
This improvement will be of great value for all tie-bolts, suspension rods, or rods
subject to tensile strain of any description.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is
1. The improvement in strengthening and testing wrought-metal and steel rods or
hars, consisting in twisting the same in a cold state, substantially as herein described.
2 The improvement in wrought-metal and steel bars, obtained by twisting the same
while in a cold condition, substantially as herein described.
1000
An Improvement in the Construction of Chests of Drawers and other Drawers.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 15th July, 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1889
IDIONAL OLDULE ICATION.
An Improvement in the Construction of Chests of Drawers and
other Drawers.
I, LEON AZULAY 2 Prospect Villas Bruce Castle Road Tottenham London N.
Commercial Traveller do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
To obviate and overcome the friction of the drawer when being pulled out or
pressed back (or opened and closed) I place or partly sink a horizontal roller in the
front part of the frame that carries the drawer or drawers; and on the back part of
the drawer itself at the bottom thereof 1 place either one roller the whole length of
the drawer or several smaller rollers or wheels, the roller or wheels running on the bed
or flat part of the frame whereon the drawer or drawers are place, thus allowing the
drawer to be moved in and out (or opened and closed) with a very small amount of
exhertion, instead of having to use great force as is the case at the present time, more
particularly when the drawer is filled with heavy clothing or other articles.
Dated this 15th day of October 1888
LEON AZULAY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improvement in the Construction of Chests of Drawers and
other Drawers.
I, LEON AZULAY of 4 Nelson Terrace, Manor Road Tottenham, London, N. Commercial
Traveller do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Chests of Drawers have hitherto been made with the Drawer laying flat on the bed
or bottom of its frame, and when the Drawer is filled with heavy articles such as
linen or other goods, has has been difficult to open and reclose on account of the
dead weight, and friction. To obviate and overcome this dead weight and friction I
attach a roller or rollers, (either in one or more pieces) in the front of the frame
wherein the Drawer runs or slides, and on the Drawer itself at the back part of the
bottom thereof I attach another roller-or rollers (either in one or more pieces) thus
causing the drawer to be opened and reclosed with very little exertion.
I claim
1st. A roller or rollers attached to the frame of the chest, wherein the Drawer
slides.
2nd. A roller or rollers attached to the drawer itself; the said roller or rollers
running on the bed or frame which contains the drawer or drawers.
Dated this 15th day of July 1889.
LEON AZULAY.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Apr., 1888
Complete Left, 26th June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th July, 1888
RESERVE
I, BENJAMIN ROBERT BOND, Draper of 21 Junction Road Upper Holloway
London, N. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This machine which is specially adapted for shopmen is provided with a flat frame
in which is mounted a spindle carrying the blocking board or roller.
The frame is laid on the counter &c. with the two ends carrying the spindle
projecting, and is secured in position by buttons or other fastenings. The spindle
is rotated by a handle at one end and the block is secured between a flat portion
of the spindle and a flat bar which is held on the spindle by clamps at each end.
The stuff to be blocked can be on the same side of the counter as the operator; the
stuff then pases under the frame being stretched over boards on the frame.
I do not bind myself to these exact details.
BENJAMIN ROBERT BOND,
21, Junction Road, Upper Holloway,
London, N.

page_text: I BENJAMIN ROBERT BOND, Draper of, 21 Junction Road, Upper Holloway
London, N. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This machine, which is specially adapted for shopmen, is provided with a flat frame,
Fig. 1. in which is mounted a spindle A. carrying the blocking board.
The Frame is laid on the counter &c. with the two ends B. carrying the spindle A.
projecting, and is secured in position by buttons or other fastenings.
The spindle A. is rotated by a handle at one end and the block C. as in Fig. 2. is
secured between a flat portion of the spindle and a flat bar D. which is held on the
spindle by clamps H at each end.
The stuff to be blocked can be on the same side of the counter as the operator; the
stuff then passes under the frame, between the pins E. and the boards N. and O.
under board M. being stretched over adjustable roller K. under board P. over
board P. and N. on to the spindle A.
The stuff is guided on entering and leaving the frame Fig. 1. by pins E. the said
pins E. can be adjusted to any width stuff.
For rolling, the spindle A. and the flat bar D with a wedge between, are used.
The boards N. and O. have holes through them (dotted lines Fig: 1.) for the
guiding pins.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. Fig. 1. relates to, and is, the shape of the machine which is provided with a flat
frame in which is mounted the spindle carrying the blocking board or wedge.
2. Fig. 2. relates to, and is, the way the blocking board C. is secured between a
flat portion of the spindle A. and a flat bar D. which is held on the spindle by
clamps H. at each end:
3. Relates to, and is, the adjustable roller K. and guiding pins E. in boards N.
and O.
Dated this 25th day of June 1888.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Oct., 1888
Specification Accepted, 30th Nov., 1888
A communication from abroad by WILLARD WILT,] of Eureka, in the County of
Humboldt and State of California, United States of America, Manufacturer.
I WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S. M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patents Solicitors, 6 Lord Street Liverpool and 6 Bank Street Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The invention relates to Combined chair and rail connections, for railroad rails. It
will be understood by reference to the accompanying drawing, and the letters
referring thereto.
Figure 1 is a bird's eye perspective view, showing two rails, one broken off, in order
to show the improved chair and rail connections.
Figures 2, and 3, are end sectional views, showing the same.
Figure 4, is a plan view showing a portion of a frog with the improvement
attached.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of the improved combined chair and
fish-plate or rail coupler.
A represents an ordinary T-rail, B, the combined chair and rail-coupler, C, the spikes,
and D, the spike recesses in the rail, and E, the spike holes in the combined chair, and
fish plate or rail coupler.
The following is the construction and operation of the same.
The combined chair and fish plate-coupler is generally formed of about one inch in
thickness, at the sides to adapt it to the breadth of the head of the rail, but the
invention is not limited to couplers of any particular size.
The improved combined chair and fish plate or coupler constructed on the lines
herein described, may be applied to any form of rail.

page_text: This improvement has great advantages over the common fish plate, from the fact
that it holds the rail more firmly, and prevents the possibility of the rails getting out
of line. The notches D, are sufficiently elongated to allow for all contraction and
expansion, while the spike holes in the combined chair and coupler, fitting exactly to.
the spikes, prevent the rails from being drawn apart more at one point than another,
as is the case with rails where the track is liable to be heated and expanded at one
point more than at another.
Moreover the services of the plate layers, are not needed to keep any screws or
other device from loosening, as is liable to occur where the fish plate arrangement is
employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I declaro that what I claim is :-
As a connecting and supporting device for railroad rails, the combination of the
combined fish-plate and chair having spike holes E, and a T or other shaped
rail, having spike recesses D whereby the combined effect of the ordinary chair and
fish plate device is obtained, the whole being constructed and arranged, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
Datal this 26th d
Ր
1000
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 12th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 16th Mar., 1889
CHARLES CHAMBERS Boot and Shoe Manufacturer 94 Crondall Street Hoxton
London, E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The shoes are cut of one entire piece of leather and then Blocked on models in
shape of foot and then cut according to requirements.

page_text: 1, CHARLES CHAMBERS of 94 Crondall Street, Hoxton, London, E. Boot and Shoe
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to bo particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My Invention has for its object to produce the "uppers" of shoes and boots from a
single piece of leather. In the title of my application and Provisional Specification,
I have referred only to shoes, but it is self evident that the method which I adopt may
be applied to the manufacture of any type of boots as well as of shoes in illustration
whereof I have appended the accompanying sheet of drawings.
The first stage of the process according to my Invention is to cut the leather to the
required shape to form the uppers of, say a ladies button boot, as shown in Figure 1
of the accompanying drawings. The leather having been properly shaped is now
moistened in order to render it pliable for the purpose of being blocked upon a
suitable model or last, to cause it to assume the required shapo as shown at Figure 2,
when it is "rounded" or cut to the desired shape ready for the final process of lining,
(if necessary) soleing and heeling; buttonholing and any suitable fancy stitching
having previously been completed. Figure 3 represents a lady's finished button boot
produced as above described, but other types of boots, such for instance as lace boots,
as also shoes, may bo mado in the same manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The formation of the uppers of shoes and boots of one piece of leather substantially
Feet of Slaughtered Swine and other Animals.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Jan., 1888
Specification Accepted, 9th Mar., 1888
Feet of Slaughtered Swine and other Animals.
We JOHANN HEINRICH KOOPMANN and JOHANN DITTINER KOOPMANN both of
20 Kielerstrasse, Hamburg in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
:-
The object of this invention is a process for cleansing the heads and feet of
slaughtered swine and other animals in large quantities the same consisting in placing
the said articles in a rotating drum to which a continual and regular supply of water
is supplied. The various parts thereby rub against each other, the cleansing being
thus effected. The hairs or bristles repel each other thereby removing the adhering
impurities in a most perfect manner without any manual labour.
The supply and outlet of water is preferably continuous to prevent the adhesion of
impurities.
Referring to the annexed drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation of a suitable machine.
Fig. 2 a horizontal section of the lower half showing one of the roller supports of
the drum.
Fig 3 is a transverse section.
Fig. 4 illustrates a modification.
A is a drum enclosed in a casing B and into which the articles to be treated are
introduced through opening R. The drum supported by rolls n n may be rotated by
the driving wheels oo gearing into the tooth wheel d and situated on a revolvable
axle w.
A perforated pipe b is provided along the drum for the continuous supply of water
to the interior of the latter. The same may lic within the drum or outside the same,
in which latter case deflecting plates T causing the water to fall through the perfora-
tions in the wall of the drum.
T
The dram is complied by opening the doors L'im the casing B.
Fig. 4 illustrates a modification.
A is a drum enclosed in a casing B and into which the articles to be treated are
introduced through opening R. The drum supported by rolls n n may be rotated by
the driving wheels oo gearing into the tooth wheel d and situated on a revolvable
axle w.
A perforated pipe b is provided along the drum for the continuous supply of water
to the interior of the latter. The same may lie within the drum or outside the same,
in which latter case deflecting plates T causing the water to fall through the perfora-
tions in the wall of the drum.
FINE
T
:1

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of cleansing the heads and feet of slaughtered swine and other
animals consisting in cleansing the same in a rotating washing drum. having water
supply in the manner set forth.
2. For cleansing heads and feet of slaughtered swine and other animals a drum
having platest in combination with pipe for supplying water into said drum as set
forth.