IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I, THOMAS CASSON of Denbigh in the County of Denbigh Bank Manager do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to organs having keys for the hands and feet.
Some such organs have groups of pipes forming separate pedal organs appropriato
to each manual organ, which separate pedal organs together with the coupling
actions of each are brought into or out of action by means of Helps, each pedal
organ together with the special coupling action which unites its special manual.
organ to it being termed a "Pedale" and the Help a "Pedale Help," cach.pedale
being also under the control of the combination action that may be applied to its
respective manual organ and so arranged that when two or more manual organs
are coupled together their respective pedales are simultaneously appropriately
coupled.
In my previous Patent No 4776 of 1882 I defined a Help as a special pedal push,
slide, stop, or key, which should bring on its own Pedale and simultaneously throw
out of action the remaining pedales, I now define this Help as a "Compound
Pedale Help" and I employ according to my present invention a Pedal, push slide,
stop or key which shall merely bring into action its own pedale (with or without
such pedales as may be coupled to it) the throwing out of action being effected by
releasing or reversing such pedal, push, alide stop or key, which in this case I term
& "Simple Pedale Help." When I use the term "Help" it may refer to either the
compound or the simple form.
And whereas it is a common practice to have two or more manual organs
attached or attachable-to one manual keyboard, I combine with each such
manual organ such coupling actions as either bring other manual organs under the
control of its keyboard or unite the notes of its own organ to it in octave or sub-
octave pitch, each such separate combination of manual organ and coupling action
or actions attachable to one manual keyboard I term a "Manuale" and I bring it
into or out of action by a Help of similar construction to a Pedale Help, and such
Help I call a "Manuale Help." Manuales attachable to one manual keyboard may
be coupled so that the help of one may bring on its own manuale and those coupled
to it though the helps of the manuales controlled by such coupling may still bring
on their own manuales separately.
When any manuale is attached to its keyboard the attachment is so arranged as
of itself so to prepare matters that the pedale help of that manual keyboard shall

page_text: bring into action the respective pedale. When any manuale or Pedale is attachable
by a Ventil (trunk-valve) to its keyboard the pedale ventil is to be in connection
with the manual trunk or windchest, the manual and pedal couplers working
pneumatically by valves in connection with their manual or pedal windchests
respectively. When the separate manuale or Pedale works by means of valves
placed in connection with separate pneumatic draw-stop windchests the main-valve
of the pedale pneumatic draw stop windchest is to be in connection with its
manuale separate pneumatic draw stop windchest.
Thus the attachment of any manuale or manuales to the respective keyboards
will prepare for the attachment of the respective pedales to the pedal keyboard.
The manuales may work by the Ventil arrangement and the Pedales by the
separate pneumatic chests and vice versa.
In organs of ordinary construction the pedal stops are not separately allotted to
the various manual organs.
As it is desirable to extend to them the advantages of
the separate Pedales (so far as is possible) 1 allot such existing pedal stops as may
form approximately appropriate basses to the respective manual organs, making
them draw separately in duplicate, triplicate or other multiple form together with
their respective-pedal-couplers, thus providing ostensible pedales, which pedales
will be worked by Helps as if they were actual pedales.
The ostensible separate stops work separate pneumatic valves in separate chests
or in connection therewith; through their valves wind passes to separate pneimatic
levers any one of which may pull open a ventil or may by tubular or other action
move a slide to bring on the stop desired to act in a multiple capacity.
Any pedale may consist partly-of-actual separate stops and partly of such
ostensible separate.stops.
The stops of pedales or the separate stops of ostensible pedales may control
levers set in-frames, one such frame for each pedale, each frame being under the
control of a "help" and moving into or out of action-in-the_manner of the
mechanism known as a "backfall coupler," or any other form of coupling action
used in organs may be applied to the same purpose, the object being that just as
the concurrence of the striking of a key with the attachment of a coupler is
necessary before the coupled note can sound, so the concurrence of the stop or
ostensible separate stop with its help is required to bring it on in its place in the
pedale or ostensiblo pedale.
The pneumatic movements may be on the plenum, exhaust or vacuum system or
any two such systems.
Each manuale and its respective pedale whether such pedale be actual or
ostensible is to be under simultaneous control by the combination action that may
be applied.
The term "stop" as applied to a pedalo or ostensible pedale includes its coupler
whether the coupler be brought into action by a stop or by a hitching or reversible
pedal.
1
1001

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
I, THOMAS CASSON, of Denbigh in the county of Denbigh, Bank Manager, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS" and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to organs having keys for the hands and feet.
st
Some such organs have groups of pipes forming separate pedal organs appropriate
to each manual organ, which separate pedal organs, together with the coupling
actions of each, are brought into or out of action by means of Helps. Each pedal
organ together with the special coupling action which unites the special manual
organ to it may be termed a "pedal department
"and the help a
pedal depart-
ment help," each pedal department boing also under the control of the combination
action that may be applied to its respective manual organ and so arranged that
when two or more manual organs are coupled together their respectivé pedal
departments are simultaneously appropriately coupled.
ff
In the Specification of my previous patent N° 4776 of 1882, I defined a help as
a special pedal, push, slide, stop or key, which should bring on its own pedal
department and simultaneously throw out of action the remaining pedal depart-
ments. I now define this help as a compound pedal department-help," and I
employ according to my present invention a pedal, push, slide, stop or key which
shall merely bring into action its own pedal department (with or without such
pedal department as may be coupled to it) the throwing out of action being effected
by releasing or reversing such pedal push, slide, stop or key, which in this case
I term a "Simple Pedal Department Help." When I use the term "Help" it may
refer to either the compound or the simple form.
In organs of ordinary construction, the the pedal stops are not separately allotted
to the various manual organs.
As it is desirable to extend to them, the advantages of the separate pedal
department (so far as is possible) I allot such existing pedal stops as may form
approximately appropriate basses to the respective manual organs, making them
draw separately in duplicate, triplicate or any other multiple form together with
their respective pedal couplers thus providing ostensible pedal departments which
departments will be worked by Helps as if they were actual separate departments,
and are referred to herein as if they were actually separate.
The ostensible separate stops work separate pneumatic valves in separate chests
or in connection therewith; through their valves wind passes to separate pneumatic
levers any one of which may pull open a ventil or ventils or may by tubular or
other action move a slide to bring on the stop desired to act in a multiple capacity.
Any pedal department may consist partly of actual separate stops and partly of
such ostensible separate stops.
•
The stops of pedal departments or the separate stops of ostensible pedal depart-
ments may control levers set in frames one such frame for each department, each
frame being under the control of a "help" and moving into or out of action in the
manner of the mechanism known as a "backfall coupler;" or any other form of.
coupling action used in organs may be applied to the same purpose, the object being.

page_text: that just as the concurrence of the striking of a key with the attachment of a
coupler is necessary before the coupled note can sound, so the concurrence of the
stop or ostensible separate stop with its help is required to bring it on in its place
in the pedal department.
And whereas it is a common practice to have two or more divisions of manual
organs attached or attachable, to one manual key board clavier, I combine with
each such manual division such coupling actions as either bring other manual
organs or divisions under the control of its key board or unite the notes of its own
division to it in octave or sub-octavo pitch. Each such separate combination of
manual division and coupling action or actions attachable to one manual key-board
I term a "manual" department," and I bring it into or out of action by a help of
similar construction to pedal department help, and such help I call a "manual
department help." Manual departinents attachable to one manual key-board may
be coupled so that the help of one may bring on its own department and those
coupled to it, though the helps of the department controlled by such coupling may
still bring on their own departments separately.
When any such department is attached to its key-board the attachment is so
arranged as of itself so to prepare matters that-the-pedal-help-of-that-manual-key
board shall bring into action the respective pedal department. When-the-separate
departments work by means of valves placed in connection with separate pneumatic
draw stop windchests, the main valve of the pedal department pneumatic draw
stop windchest is to be in connection with its manual department separate pneu-
matic draw stop windchest. When any department is attachable by a ventil
(trunk-valve) to its key board the pedal ventil is to be in connection with the
manual trunk or windchest, the manual and pedal couplers working pneumatically
by valves in connection with their manual or pedal windchests respectively.
Thus, the attachment-of-a-manual-department-to-a-key-board-prepares_for_
attachment of the appropriate pedal department to the pedal key board. The two
departments may however be worked by separate actions, for example, the manual
by the ventil arrangement and the pedal by the separate pneumatic chests.
The term "stop" applied to a manual department or to an actual or ostensible
pedal department is to be understood as including its coupler, whether that is
brought into action by a stop, slide, push or pull or by a hitching or reversible
pedal.
The movements for attaching, coupling or combining may be communicated by
any known method, such as the electro pneumatic action, or pneumatic action on
the plenum, exhaust or vacuum systems, or by some or any of these methods in
combination. I will describe methods of operating pneumatically referring to the
accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the application to an
organ having two or more manuals of that kind of pneumatic action in which the
pneumatic levers are usually distended by wind supplied to them, being then inert,
and act by their collapse in obedience to a weight or spring or to external pressure
when the wind is allowed to escape from them. Such pneumatic levers which in
Fig. 1 are marked H³, H, H³, D, G, K and L, I will hereafter term motors. The
spaces marked W, W¹, W, W, W and W represent wind chests or cavities
charged with wind. A¹ A A³ represent slide valves which are raised by drawing
the stops or coupling stops. When one of these is down as A' or A³ it puts Wi
or W³ in communication with a passage T' or T' by which wind passes to a draw
stop or coupling motor distending it and so keeping it out of action. When the
slide is raised as A² it puts T2, the passage from the motor, in communication with
a chamber B2. If B' happens to be open to the atmosphere, then wind escapes
from the motor with which T communicates and consequently this motor collapses
and acts. If, on the other hand, B is itself supplied with wind, the motor in
connection with T remains distended and inactive. The chambers B' and B³ com-
municate with a valve box provided with two valves CC which, as shewn in
Fig. 1, are in such a position that B¹ and B are supplied with wind from W while
the outlet to the air is closed. When the motor D, which is a manual department

page_text: help motor, collapses, its collapse, by means of levers and connecting rods, closes the
lower valve C and opens the upper valve thus allowing wind to escape from B¹
and B and consequently from the motors communicating with these chambers, as
for example that with which T' is connected.
The chamber B³ with which T³ can be put in connection by raising the slide A³
worked by the pedal stop or coupler, communicates with a valve box having its
two valves F F. When the upper valve is opon and the lower closed as shewn, B³
receives wind from the chest W and consequently, if by raising A³ communication
were made between T³ and B³, no effect would be produced on the motor
connected to T which would remain distended. But if by the collapse of the
pedal help motor, G, the upper valve F is closed and the lower valve opened, one
of two results will take place. If the valves C C are in the position shewn in
Fig. 1, then the condition of the chamber B³ will not be altered for in that case it.
merely communicates with the wind chest W instead of W'. But if the valves C
happen to be raised so as to close the lower and open the upper, then the wind
from B³ will escape, and consequently the motor connected to Ts will collapse:
and act.
H' is a motor which, by its collapse, partly turns a rocking shaft J' an arm on
which brings on the action coupling the two key boards by means of the slido M
and the motors K and L H in a similar way acts by its collapse to effect
through J' the coupling, of two manual departments connected to one key-board by
opening the help valves of the coupled divisions; and H³ is a motor for working.
the corresponding pedal couplers.
For the purpose of coupling the pedal departments of two or more manual key-
boards when their keys are coupled, I provide a slide M worked from the rocking
shaft J, so that when H collapses the motor L becomes distended while K
collapses. This raises one end of a lever O the other end can also be raised by the
collapse of the motor G. The raising of either end gives movement to a lever P
but not enough, unless both ends be raised, to pull open the pedal department help,
valve of the coupled key boards.
Fig II shews diagrammatically an arrangement of valves for effecting the action
by plenum in organs on the ventil system a is a manual department sound-
board which is supplied with wind by opening the valves b, and supplies through
one of the valves c the motors of the manual couplers. Similarly d is the pedal
5 department sound-board supplied from a when the valve f is open, and supplying
when one of the valves e is open, the motors of the pedal couplers. The valves b
and fare worked by helps.
Obviously valves of various forms, and worked in known ways other than those
illustrated by the figures might be used to carry out the objects of my invention,
the application of which I may best illustrate by an example,
Premising that the attachment of several divisions of an organ to one key-board,
and the connection of one key-board to another by couplers are well known, and
remembering that whilst couplers serve to couple, helps serve to attach, I will
suppose that the organ to which my invention is applied has three mauual
5 divisions, Swell, Choir and Great. This according to the usual arrangement would
require three key-boards, and there would be at most three couplers, Swell to
Great, Swell to Choir and Choir to Great. If only two key boards were used the
Swell would be worked by the upper, and both Choir and Great by the lower key-
board, and there would be only one coupler connecting the two key-boards. This,
O while simplifying the arrangements, would greatly detract from the efficiency for
performance. According, however, to my invention, one coupler would separately
affect the Choir and the Great divisions, so that there could be two distinct
couplings Swell to Great and Swell to Choir; and also, as I provide for coupling
divisions worked by the same key-board, there could be coupling of Choir to Great.
5 Thus, with an organ of two key boards, I obtain all the combination preparations
furnished in an organ having three key-boards. This applies not only to the
manual but also to the pedal departments, and in cases where there is a greater

page_text: number of divisions than the three. For example, the upper key-board may work
two divisions Swell and Echo, and the lower key-board may work three divisions,
Great, Choir and Solo, each division having its appropriate pedal department.
Now as in the first place I allot the couplers separately to each division that can
be attached to one key-board, I can couple either the Swell or Echo of the upper
key-board or both of them together to any one of the three Great, Choir or Solo of
the lower keyboard, using only three coupler stops, by which I obtain nine
coupling effects. Secondly, as I provide in a simple manner for coupling divisions
belonging to one key board in such a manner that the coupled division retains its
independence, I can couple Echo to Swell, or Choir to Great or Solo to Great.
Thirdly, as by my arrangement, the attachment of a manual department prepares
for attachment of its pedal department, I by the use of only two pedal coupling
actions which connect the pedals either to the upper or to the lower keyboard,
obtain the effect of five namely the pedals to each of the five manual departments.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1. In organs having several divisions separately assigned to each key board, the
combination with each division separately of a coupling action which is attached or
detached by the same pedal, slide or its equivalent that simultaneously attaches or
detaches its division, substantially as herein described.
2. In organs having pedal divisions corresponding respectively with manual
divisions the combination with the mechanism which attaches-a-manual- division
to a key-board, of mechanism for attaching the corresponding pedal division, so
arranged that the act of attaching the manual division prepares for the attachment
of the pedal division being effected_by_a_pedal, slide or its equivalent, substantially
as herein described.
3. In organs having pedal divisions corresponding respectively with manual
divisions the use of combination action arranged to act simultaneously on a
manual division and its couplers and on the corresponding podal division and its
couplers, substantially as herein described.