Improvements in Cylinder Printing Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 12th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinder Printing Machines.
I, WILLIAM HAYWARD of No. 2, Winchester Road, Highgate, in the County
of Middlesex, Journalist and Printer's Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The construction of machines that will print and perfect from one set of type on
a flat bed, and with only two cylinders two complete sheets of the size of the
formes of type used, making in the case of half sheet machines four complete copies
and in full sheet machines two complete copies of the newspaper, journal, or other
publication that is printed in one complete revolution of the machine, and cut and
fold the same or deliver in sheets, the paper being supplied either in sheets or
webs, the latter being cut into sheets or perforated, before printing, automatically.
These operations I propose to accomplish in half sheet machines by having two
cylinders placed parallel to each other and nearly close together, and on a frame
and table such as are used in ordinary cylinder printing machines, with the cylinders
always in gear with the table, and so capable of printing on both cylinders, not
only as the flat table with the type goes in, but also as it comes out. The sheets
are fed alternately to the cylinders either by hand or automatically and after the
sheet is printed on one side, as the formes pass under the cylinder, it is turned
round another and smaller cylinder or set of tapes, and the unprinted side of the
sheet is presented to the same printing cylinder as the table returns and printed
with the same type or stereotype as had given the impression on the other side of
the sheet. This gives two copies of the same formes from each cylinder and on
each sheet of paper, and hence called "half sheet" work. The perfected sheet is
then carried forward on the cylinder and passed into tapes, or to a cylinder with or
without grippers that carry the printed sheets to the folders, after being severed,
or to the fliers. Meanwhile a like operation is being performed on another sheet
on the second cylinder under which the same formes of type pass after printing the
first side of the sheet on the first cylinder, the type being inked by rollers placed
between the two cylinders, and also at both ends of the machine. The cylinders
being worked from the racks and never out of gear, reverse with the table, and
cousequently print as the table goes both ways, and produces two separate
impressions from the same type formes as the table goes in and two separate
impressions as the table comes out, but on a different side of the sheet in the one
cylinder and on a different sheet in the other, so that while the machine is going one
way, it is always printing the first side of a sheet on one cylinder, and the second
or perfected side of another sheet on the other cylinder, and the reverse operation
takes place on the return of the table on each cylinder.
The machine can be so arranged as to be fed by hand or from a web of paper or
by either alone, the paper from the web being cut or perforated into sheets before
being fed to the cylinders, which can be fitted with moveable grippers or dropping
bars, so as to print sheets of various sizes.
The invention can be applied to either machines of the Wharfedale type, in
which the sheets are fed in under the cylinder, or of the Napier type in which the
sheets are fed from the top of the cylinder as in the ordinary perfecting machines,
and both methods I propose to adopt in this improved method of perfecting and
both processes I claim. When the overhead method of feeding is adopted, the
sheet turning apparatus lies for each cylinder toward the ends of the machine; but
in the other method of feeding under the cylinders, the sheet-turning apparatus
must be placed between, or over the two printing cylinders. The cut web sheets

page_text: are in the latter case fed from the feeding boards at each end of the machine; but
in the overhead system of feeding, the perforated or cut sheets from the web may
be fed either from the feed boards or by an automatic feeder or feeders placed
between the printing cylinders. The cutting apparatus both before and after the
sheets are printed may be either the ordinary rotative perforating cutter, guillotine
cutter, or a rotative knife of the Archimedean type, working against a fixed sharp
edge; and the cylinders be made to lift, so as to print only one impression on each
cylinder or one cylinder at a time, so that the machine can be used as a single or
double feeder, as well as a perfecting machine. When the sheets are printed on
both sides, in the over fed machine they are led into the folders, placed pre-
ferentially below the feeding boards, and either double or single folders can be
placed at each end of the machine and the sheets fed into them or delivered to
fliers by part of the process used for the folding. In machines, in which the sheets
are underfed, the folders can be placed above the printing cylinders and sheet
turning apparatus or with throw off grippers or moveable pulleys for the throw-off
tapes, they can be led to folders and fliers under the feed boards. When single,
instead of double folders are used, arrangements can be made for turning one half
of the sheet, that has been cut after printing or perforated before, back into the
single folder to lay it so that it can be folded the same way as the other half, to
suit the imposition, and by the same apparatus.
The mode of throwing off the sheet from the cylinders is preferably by the
throw-off tapes for both turning and delivering the sheets either to the folders or
the fliers; and the method of arranging for these operations as well as the two
methods of double perfecting for "half sheets," from over feed and under feed
boards, I claim, as well as the methods of feeding from the webs and the double
method of feeding either sheets or webs. The method of over-feeding and of
arranging the folding, cutting, and delivery can be applied to single cylinder
perfecting and folding machines as well as duplex, and such application I claim.
The arrangement of the folders, with tapes, rollers and folding knives, may be
varied to suit, either the general method of folding at right angles, or for special
work with parallel folds, and with a cutter or cutters to divide the sheets longi-
tudinally as they run out of the machine when it is printing more than one copy of
the work at a time. The ordinary methods of operating such movements are
followed except where otherwise specified.
The processes just described are for what are called in the printing trade "half-
sheet" work. For "full sheets" it is also in this duplex system only necessary to
bave two cylinders, and the two formes of type necessary for printing both sides
of the sheet, but the cylinders and the inner and outer formes further apart; while
the turning of the sheet for the perfecting is done by the manner in which the
sheets are conveyed after the first side is printed from one to the other printing
cylinder, both cylinders printing alternately, a first and second side of the sheets
and printing each way and both being geared to the table and travelling with it.
The sheet turning is done by running tapes being used between the two printing
cylinders and so timed and placed that on leaving one printing cylinder the sheet
is just in time for the other cylinder when it is ready to take a sheet. Throw-off
tapes on moveable pullies-an arrangement I specially claim, or throw out grippers
or revolving brushes can be used to pass the sheets from the cylinders to the tapes.
A double set of tapes carry the sheets between the two cylinders, and as the
sheets are fed to both cylinders at the same time, the sheets to be perfected, pass
each other on the two sets of carrying tapes. After being perfected the sheets are
led to folders or fliers arranged either at the ends of the machine or above the
carrying and turning tapes between the printing cylinders. The special arrange-
ments of the tape system to effect these several operations and this duplex method
of performing the triplicate operations of printing, perfecting, and folding or flying
sheets, hand fed or from the web, with the special arrangements of the cylinders
and their size, form the special claims of this portion of my invention. The novelty
consists in making the cylinders in the full as in the half sheet system, print during

page_text: both the reciprocating movements of the table which drives both the cylinders;
and therefore, as both are always in gear, with the table, both can print each way
of the machine. The sheet turning apparatus in both the sheet and half sheet
system require to be kept going always one way and not reciprocating with the
table or cylinder, but timed so as to be at the same speed or travel over the same
space as the cylinders and table, and this is effected by appliances for getting a
continuous rotary motion from a reciprocating action, operated from the cylinder or
rack. Some of the folding rollers, however, can be driven from the main driving
shaft of the machine by belts and pullies or spur wheels and shafts. By having
the cylinders to lift, the machines may be used for printing only one side of the
sheet and be fed into the fliers after being printed on one side, or they may be used
by lifting one cylinder completely as a single cylinder machine and print one or
both ways. The method of lifting the cylinders being well known, need not be
described.
The advantages of the system of duplex printing and folding are that from the
same type or stereotype on the flat more than double the amount of impressions
can be got in a given time as compared with the other processes of perfecting on
the flat, and the folding can be done at the same time, and the products of the
machine be, at least, fourfold with printing and folding over the ordinary perfecting
machines.
Dated this Ninth day of June 1893.
WILLIAM HAYWARD.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinder Printing Machines.
I, WILLIAM HAYWARD of No. 2, Winchester Road, Highgate, in the County
of Middlesex, Journalist and Printer's Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention is for the construction of machines that will print and "perfect"
from one set of type on a flat bed and with only two cylinders two complete
sheets of the size of the formes of type used, and making in the case of "half-
sheet" machines four complete copies, and in "full sheet," machines two complete
copies of the newspaper, journal, or other publication that is printed, in one
complete revolution of the machine, and cut and fold the same or deliver in
sheets, the paper being supplied either in sheets or webs, the latter being cut
into sheets automatically before printing, the cylinders being placed parallel to
each other but sufficiently apart to meet the requirements of the different
operations and always in gear with the table and both cylinders capable of
printing both ways as the table is driven backwards and forwards.
The manner in which I purpose to perform the several operations just mentioned
and further described in the Provisional Specification, I will now proceed to
explain :-
In the three sheets of drawings shewn are side elevations of the machines, which
from the operations being chiefly on the machines as so viewed, are sufficient to
indicate the several novel processes in the invention.
The ordinary and well known processes in cylinder machines which are used in
any part of this invention are not shown or fully described but simply iudicated
where deemed necessary.
"
In Figure I is shewn the side elevation of a duplex perfecting machine on my
principle that is "fed over the cylinders on the Napier principle the letters used,
describing the working parts, which happen to be alike at both ends of the
machine, being the same in each case, but with an index figure in one case to
mark the difference between the two, when they are referred to separately.

page_text: .The sheet, to describe the action on one cylinder, if fed from the feed board -A
into the printing cylinder B, assuming that the table is travelling from left to
right, is taken by the grippers round to the reversing cylinder, C, being printed in
its course on the first side of the paper from the full set of formes D which is
shewn midway in its travel and below the two cylinders. The sheet is carried
round the cylinder C by tapes, or grippers could be used, after being thrown off
the printing cylinder B by the throw-off tapes, (which run under the sheet) at the
tape pulley bar E, upon which also the pulleys of the tapes running round the
turning cylinder, C, are fixed, the pulleys for the throw-off tapes running loosely
upon the bar but being kept in position by collars, while the other pulleys are
fixed on the bar and turn with the motion of the turning cylinder, C, by the
friction of the tapes. When the sheet has gone round the turning cylinder, C, it
is led into the feeding bars by the guiding or throw-off tapes beneath it on
cylinder C, and fed into another set of grippers on the printing cylinder B, to that
which bad taken the end of the sheet at the outset, the grippers being operated, of
course, in the usual way of such cylinders, the working of which is well known.
As the printing cylinder, B, begins to reverse with the table, the sheet, which has
now its unprinted side to the same formes of type as had been impressed on it, but
on the other side of the sheet, is carried by the grippers just in time to meet the
formes on their return and the sheet is printed on the second side, and "perfected."
If a four paged paper is being printed, the formes are so imposed and placed on
the machine that, on the turning of the sheet, pages 1 and 4 are backed upon
pages 2 and 3, and two copies of the paper are thus produced on the one sheet.
The sheet is then carried forward by the grippers and led beneath the feed
board A, which is raised and dropped to suit the feeding and delivery of the
sheets, by any ordinary means used for such a purpose, to the throw-off tape
pulleys F, when the sheet runs between the folding tapes I and K, to a stop where
it remains while a shearing or perforating knife or a rotating Archimedean knife
at G, worked from gearing on the shaft that is usually driven from the main
driving shaft, cuts the sheet in two and then a folding knife H, pushes the sheet
into the first upper folding cylinders, whence it is carried through the other folders,
whether for two, three, or four folds, and then thrown out upon a travelling web
or otherwise disposed of to meet the needs of the printer. Immediately after the
first half of the cut sheet has been disposed of, the second half is allowed to run into
the folders by the lifting of the shearing knife, when that is employed, and runs up
to the stop, where the folding knife H operates in the opposite direction, and
drives the sheet into the first lower folding cylinders, and so it runs through the
rest of the folders and is delivered after the manner of the first sheet. A single
set of folders could be used, but in that case the second cut sheet would have
to be carried by the tapes to the end of the folder, and then returned on another
set of tapes, placed under or above the single folding apparatus, as it may be
placed to operate; as the sheet requires to be turned to give the same fold to both
sheets according to the imposition of the pages. The double system, however, is
preferable, but the double set of folders inight be laid alongside of each other as
shewn in Figure II.
When it is not desirable to fold the sheets, they can be run between the first set
of folding tapes I and K, the folder stop being lifted, and so carried by means of
pulleys and tapes L, to pulleys and tapes M, where an horizontal flyer N, worked
by a cam, or lever will push the sheets down upon a fly board, which can be
removed when not in use.
Meanwhile an exactly similar operation will be carried out on the other printing
cylinder B and its folders or flyer, but with the difference that at the moment the
sheet is being fed at the upper feeding point on B, a previously fed sheet on B¹
will be taken by the grippers from the sheet turning cylinder C², having been
printed already on one side, and then receive the second impression and be carried
forward to the folders or flyers, after the manner just described, in relation
to cylinder B, and its connecting apparatus, the operation of each part in the

page_text: folding and flying apparatus being practically the same at both ends of th
machine, & the letters and index figure marking the several parts as on the first
side. When fed from the web, the sheets may be fed to the feed boards A and A',
from a reel at each end or one end of the machine, after being cut by any of the
ordinary processes and to the size wanted; or the sheets may be fed into the
vibrating feeding bars, O, between the two cylinders, being vibrated to suit
the feeding, first to one cylinder and then to the other, by a cam action from
the cylinders or the side driving gear; or two fixed feeding bars might be used,
being so placed as to feed the sheet to each cylinder without being moved, the
sheets being switched into either bar as required by a like cam action from the
cylinder or otherwise. In the mode of feeding from the web shewn in Figure 1,
the paper is brought from the web or reel (which may be placed at either end of
the machine or above the cutting apparatus or where most suitable), and is carried
between two pressing or drawing rollers, P and Q, to the cutting knife R-
shearing, revolving, cutting, or perforating knife-preferably one of the first two,
and then cut, save the tags which are left by the notches in the knife for the
carrying or guiding cords for conveying the severed sheets past the cutting apparatus
and into the tapes. The sheet is then carried round the cylinder S, between the
tapes on the moveable half circle frame T, supporting the tape rollers or pulleys, the
sheets passing on the outside portion of the pulleys on the frame T, and round
the inner side of the said franie and in contact with the cylinder S, which moves
alike the sheet and tapes, and so round the cylinder, S, to the feeding apparatus O.
The half circle frame T, can be moved by a handle U, working by a worm screw,
the axle of the frame, or otherwise, to effect the same end, and then secured by a
nut or screw; so that the length of the travel of the sheet may be altered as the
size of the paper has to be varied for different kinds of work. The variation
in the size of the sheet cut is effected by the operation of the cylinder, S,
which is moved by a ratchet and rack action at V, worked by a bar & lever
in connection with the ordinary operating shaft at the side of the machine,
the lever or other action being altered to suit the required size of the sheet.
The cylinder S, moves the length required, and being connected by the geared
wheel with the pressing cylinders that draw the paper from the web, and that can
be connected by a belt with the pulleys or roller over which the paper passes or
upon which the reel may rest at the end of the machine, and carry supporting
tapes, and so leads the paper to the cutting knife. The paper is thus drawn from
the reel in the lengths required to be cut, and carried by the pulley arrangement,
round the cylinder S', a greater or less distance to meet the grippers in proper time.
The grippers in the printing cylinders can be made to alter also to suit different
sized sheets, after the manner of two feeder Wharfedale machines; but where the
machine is intended for a fixed size these arrangements will not be necessary. The
sheet turning cylinders can also be fitted so as to be moved sufficiently to allow of
adjusting any little difference due to the nature of the paper or any operations of
the machine that might prevent perfect "register" in printing. The alteration
in the position of the grippers would make no change necessary in the turning
cylinders, if the formes were placed, as they should always be, in the centre of the
table.
As the turning cylinders C and C' must always turn one way and travel at the
same speed and cover the same distance as the printing cylinders, while the printing
cylinders and racks which operate them-either directly or by an intermediate
spur wheel-must turn both ways, the turning cylinders are fitted with loose pinion
wheels W and W', but with a ratchet action that comes into play only when the
operating printing cylinder turns the way to drive the sheet-turning cylinder the
way it should revolve; and by having a ratchet wheel, W and W', on each cylinder,
but each operating in a different direction to the other, with a connecting bar, or
shaft and bevelled wheels, or belt and pulleys between the two, the turning
cylinders can be kept going always in one direction, and so carry the sheet when
printed on one side to be perfected on the other. Of course, pulleys and tapes.

page_text: could be used for the purpose of turning the sheet, as well as rollers, but the latter
are most suitable.
The formes in this duplex method of perfecting are all placed together, both the
inside and outside formes as they are termed, and not apart as in ordinary perfecting
printing machines; and, for four paged papers, lie with the long way of the page
to the long way or travel of the table, to make "perfecting" possible. The formes
are inked by rollers which receive their ink either from ducts placed at the ends
of the machine or near the cylinders, with the usual inking tables, the rollers
between the cylinders being supplied with ink from the distributing tables at each
end of the type table, and if slightly less fully supplied than the outer rollers, there
will be less danger of "set off" as they will ink the first side printed in each case;
too much ink on the first side being often the cause of "set off."
The table is driven after the manner of the Wharfedale or Main machines with
pinion wheels X, working in one rack on the table and in another on the frame,-but
other methods can be adopted; and in the former method either the small running
rollers or large wheels, Y, Y, fixed to axle supports on the carriage, that are more
easily driven, may be adopted. The machine as given in Figure I is shewn
somewhat shortened in the frame work to get in the working parts, and where
space is of importance to reduce the length of the rack and yet keep both cylinders
in gear, and to work into the rack, an intermediate spur wheel Z. may be introduced
between the two cylinders; but the rack in constant gear would be better. The
several movements of the machine are timed to suit the various operations; but
they are, except where otherwise described of the ordinary character in printing
machines.
Of course, the same movements and arrangements as those described for a
-duplex machine could be applied to a single cylinder perfecting machine made on
the same principle, and the application of them to both machines, I claim, as well
as their application to other types of machines, but preferably using the type of
machine indicated and described.
Figure II represents the design for a machine of the same type, but with the
'feeding under the cylinder on the Wharfedale principle. The method of operating
in this duplex perfecting machine is in a similar manner to that in the one just
described but from different starting points, the sheets being fed in under, instead
of over, the cylinder, and being delivered in a different direction. The course on
both cylinders is the same and the description of the movements on one cylinder
will suffice, the letters indicating the apparatus being the same for both ends with
the addition of the index figure to the part of the machine on the left hand. The
sheets are fed from the feed board A, to the printing cylinder B, when the formes
are at that end of the machine; and after being printed on the formes D, are
carried to the sheet reversing cylinder C, by the throw-off tapes E; and after
passing round the cylinder C in the directions indicated by the arrows, are fed by
the guides, to the printing cylinder B, for the second impression-the formes
having passed under the cylinder B' in the meantime and returned after printing
the sheet on that cylinder. The sheets on cylinder B having received the second
impression on its unprinted side, and still held by the grippers, is carried past the
feeding board and thrown into the delivering tapes by the throw-off tape pulleys
or rollers F. The sheet is then carried to the stop on the side of the folder
opposite to that on which it entered, and is cut by the shearing knife, and then the
first folding knives H and H' operate, H pushing the sheet into an upward fold
(according to the arrangement shewn, although it might be just reversed with the
same result but with the formes laid also differently on the machine), and
H' pushing the other severed sheet into a downward fold, and in each case through
the first set of rollers on the different ends of the folder. The sheets are then
carried through the other sets of rollers, 1, K, L and 1', K', I' respectively until
the required number of folds are given, and so out of the machine. Meanwhile a
like operation would be going on with a sheet fed from the feed board A', and
under the cylinder B' and turning over cylinder C' and the second side printed by

page_text: the same cylinder B', the sheet being carried to the folders, in the same manner
as just described, but on the opposite end of the apparatus to the first sheet from B..
As the one set of folders is shewn for both sheets, in this case, the stops for the
sheets rise and fall as the sheets come alternately from the right or left hand side
of the machine. The sheets are carried under the small roller and tapes on the
right hand side of the machine, as the sheets are fed into the folders, in different
directions, and over the small roller and tapes on the left hand side of the machine,.
the carrying tapes thus running as the sheets require to be carried, and the small
intervening tapes reduce the space between the first folding knives and folding
rollers. When the sheets are not to be folded, they can be turned into the flyers.
at either side, by a guide or by cords between the rollers of the first set of tapes
on the folder, and the tape pulleys M and M¹ to the flyers N and N¹, which are
worked in the usual way.
It will be seen that the folding and flying operations at both ends of the
machine are exactly alike, except the upward folding on the one side and the
downward folding on the other. The inking operations are the same as im
Figure I already described. In this type of machine a web must be used at each
end, with a cutting and feeding apparatus for each cylinder, with carrying tapes.
from the same for automatic feeding.
Any of the processes already described may be adopted. A similar method of
actuating the sheet turning cylinders is adopted in this type of machine to that
described and shewn in Figure I, but an intermediate gearing wheel has to be
employed or a larger sheet-turning cylinder used to carry the sheet the extra
distance required, the ratchet motion, being on each turning cylinder with a
connecting rod and gearing wheels and shafts between the two cylinders as in
Figure I. The table may also be driven as in the previously described machine.
The folding apparatus can be varied to suit the class of work for which the machine
is required, and the table in this type of machine and also in that shewn in Figure I,
may be increased in breadth so as to print a double sized sheet or a newspaper of
eight pages, while by using sheets or webs of paper narrower than for eight pages,.
six or four paged papers may be printed on an eight-paged machine; or two sets.
of formes be used, a rotating cutter slitting the sheets longitudinally, while the
cross cutting apparatus cuts them transversely. Eight paged papers would have.
two parallel folds, the way of the columns, if the sheets were the full size of the
machine, as the pages would be laid side by side in two rows across the table in this
order 1, 8, 5, 4 and 2, 7, 6, 3, the one set being backed on the other when the sheet
was turned. The sheets after being perfected, instead of being carried above
the cylinders, might, as an alternative process, be delivered under the feed boards,
by the use of vibrating pulley bars and the throw off tapes, near the feeding boards,
after the manner of the throw off vibrating pulleys or bars in Figure III, and so.
lead to flyers or folders placed under the feed board or beyond or above it.
In Figure III is shewn a full "sheet" duplex perfecting machine with a recipro-
cating flat bed or table, and having two cylinders, each printing both as the table
runs in and runs out, the cylinders being geared to the table and worked by such
gearing, the mode of turning the sheet being also a distinctive feature of this part
of my invention for "perfecting." It may be used for webs or sheets, be hand fed
or be automatically fed by any process of sheet feeding, or from the web when
cut before printing.
In hand feeding, the sheets are fed from the feeding boards A and A¹ at the
same time to the cylinders B and B', to the grippers, which on B carry the sheet
round while it is being printed on the first forme, which is travelling to the left,.
and which lies apart from the second forme as the cylinders lie further apart than
in the "half sheet," machines previously described. On reaching the reciprocating
throw-off tape bar C, the sheet is led between the carrying tapes D and E, by aid
of guides on E, and conveyed by them to cylinder B', the grippers on which take
the sheet from the feeding bars below the pulleys D' and E' at the end of the
tapes D. The sheet is then carried round the cylinder B' and printed on the

page_text: second forme and on the second side. On nearly reaching the top of the cylinder B',
the grippers release their hold of the sheet which travels up the throw off tapes to
the reciprocating or vibrating throw-off bars C', into the folding tapes G', and is
then folded in the ordinary way; or if it is to be delivered flat, the sheet stop on
the folder is lifted and the sheet travels round the pulleys or roller H' into
the tapes beneath it, where the horizontal flyer K¹, forces the sheet upon the
flyboard L, which can be removed when not in use. While this is going on, the
sheet fed from the board A¹is printed on the second forme, as the table travels to the
left, but on the first side of the sheet, and carried to the throw off tape pulleys C'.
The sheet is then carried, by aid of guides on pulley bar F and the throw off
tapes, between the tapes on F1 and E' until it reaches F and E where it runs by
aid of guides or feed bars upon the cylinder B, and a different set of grippers to
that which took the previous sheet that ran the opposite way, carry the sheet to
be printed on the first forme but on the second side of the sheet. It is then carried
round the throw-off bar and tapes C, then under the feed board, and so, by guides,
under the folding pulleys and tapes G into the folders where it is folded in the
same way as the sheet at the other side of the machine; or if it is to be delivered
flat, to the pulleys or roller H, after the stop bar of the folder had been raised to
the tape pulleys 1, and beneath the horizontal flyer K, until forced upon the
flyboard L. The throw-off tape bars are moved from the position under the feed
boards, after the sheets have been fed, to the position indicated by the dotted
representations of them in the drawing, at the time required to throw off the sheets
to the carrying tapes from the cylinder B and to the folding tapes from cylinder B¹.
This vibrating action can be effected by a cam or other agency operating from the
main driving shaft, for both the cylinders. The folding and fly tapes can be
operated either by pulleys and belts, working from a pulley on the main driving
shaft, or from geared shafting worked from the same centre after the general manner
of such folding operations; while the carrying tapes between the cylinders, which
must travel with like speed with the cylinders may be driven by ratchet or friction
action from the cylinders; or other ways adapted to keep the tapes always running
one way. To attain the same end, a different sized pulley may be used to increase
or diminish the speed of the tapes so driven. Pulleys or rollers to raise or depress
the tapes between the cylinders can be used to adjust the travel of the sheet to
suit the register. The folding knives and flyers are worked from cams on the
rotating shaft at the side of the machine by bevelled wheel connections with the
driving shaft. Between the printing cylinders, an inking apparatus is placed, to
supply the two formes with ink on their return respectively to the ends of the
machine, the outside inking being done from the ordinary apparatus and tables at
the ends of the machine. The table is intended to be actuated on the Wharfedale
principle, but other methods could be used.
This type of machine might be fed from webs of paper, after the sheets had
been cut, from one cutting and feeding apparatus, by carrying the sheets by tapes
to the feeding boards alternately, with a stop, just above each cylinder, to lift just
at the moment of feeding; or a feeding apparatus like that shewn in Figure I
could be used, the sheets being switched into tapes leading to each feeding board.
As an alternative method to the flyers and folders at each end of the machine as
shewn, one set might be placed beneath the centre feed board A', and the sheets
guided into the folding or flying tapes by the throw-off tapes that are in the
method shewn in Figure III. The double folding system is, however, preferable
and almost necessary. Any other method of disposing of the sheets after
perfecting like the system of folding shewn in Figure II, or into a double set of
folders or flyers on the right-hand side of the machine-might be adopted; but for
compactness and efficiency the method shewn is, perhaps, the best, although I do
not confine myself to it, and have indicated alternative methods that for certain
work and conditions might be more desirable in such machines.
-
A duplex perfecting machine, working both ways for full sheet work might also
be adapted for feeding direct from the web without cutting the paper until after it

page_text: was printed on both sides, by placing the reel over the feeding board A' in Figure III
and running the paper from it, under cylinder B', as the table travels to the right,
into supporting tapes carrying it over the reel and down to the printing cylinder B,
under which it would be printed on the second side as the table travels to the left,
and then to the cutting apparatus and folders or fliers; but the cylinders would
have only to print one way, and would have to be lifted on the return of the table
to prevent the type printing on the paper already printed, the length of paper
required for each sheet being drawn through the machine as well as off the reel by
suitable apparatus. The printing of the paper both ways of the travel of the
table and cylinders might, however, be effected by using swinging arms with rollers
or pulleys on them working round the top of the cylinders, somewhat after the
manner of the sheet feeding apparatus T in Figure I, having two rollers, on the
arms carrying them, round one of which being the sheet before it entered under
the cylinder B', and round the other the sheet after it had been printed. By
driving these arms back and forward the length required, the paper, as it was fed
from the web, would be drawn over, and by the rollers; so that after the first
sheet was printed sufficient white paper would be taken to allow for a second
impression to be printed as the cylinder went back; and while the machine was
practically at rest and the cylinders off the type, the paper that had been printed
while the cylinder B' was returning towards the web, would be carried again under
the cylinder, which in returning would print on a fresh portion of paper drawn from
the web, by the pressing and feeding cylinders placed on each side of the printing
cylinders to assist both in feeding and delivering; a like operation going on also
on cylinder B. The drawing or lifting rollers would operate on both cylinders, so
as to draw back the printed part that had gone towards the feed in the backward
action of the machine, and to bring forward, in both instances, when the cylinders
were practically stopped in the forward motion, as much white paper as would
suffice in the backward motion to print another impression. The action of these
paper lifting rollers would be alike on both cylinders, and the length of the paper
drawn by these rollers could be regulated by adjustments on the arms or cams, and
by the action of the feeding or drawing cylinders, which would be working uniformly
at each side of each cylinders, until the paper was fed into the cutting cylinders and
folding apparatus. Any other motion to attain the same end might be adopted;
and for some work, this method of utilising a full sheet duplex perfecting machine
might be advantageous; but for general purposes, and more certain work, the
cutting before printing would be best. The same method of working from a web
and cutting afterwards might also be applied to a "half sheet" machine, and lever
sheet moving bars working either round the cylinders or from a centre at the side
of them, might be used for drawing the paper at intervals forward and backward,
in conjunction with the feeding or drawing rollers, the requisite in both machines
being that the web must either be above the first printing cylinder and the sheet
turned round it; or the web be at the end of the machine and the cutting, folding,
and delivering apparatus be above the last printing cylinder, and the sheet be
carried from the first printing cylinder and over the cutting apparatus and the last
printing cylinder, and run out, after printing, between the two cylinders and then
cut and delivered.
ways
Another method of utilising a cylinder machine with two printing cylinders and
one type forme on a reciprocating table, and perfecting the sheet by printing both
in "half sheet" work after the manner and on the machine I have devised,
would be by feeding the sheets, whether hand or automatically fed, on a cylinder
placed in the position of B' in Figures I and II, over the upper part of the cylinder
as the printing table travelled from right to left. The sheet, after being printed,
would be carried by one or more sheet-turning cylinders with tapes to B and fed
on the inside of it; and as the type was travelling to the right, get printed-after a
second sheet that had been fed under the cylinder B¹ and on the same side of the
cylinder as the first sheet-had just been printed by it. This second sheet would
be carried round cylinder B' and delivered to the turning cylinder or cylinders and
B

page_text: tapes which would carry it to cylinder B and feed it on the outer side to the
grippers, which would carry it under the printing cylinder, as the table was
returning from the right, after printing the previous sheet, and then convey the
sheet to the top of the cylinder and throw it into delivery tapes, on the same side
of the cylinder as the previous sheet had been delivered. By this arrangement,
the first cylinder would print the first side of the sheets, and the second cylinder
alone "perfect," the feeding being all done at one end of the machine and the
delivery at the other. The same process could also be applied to "sheet"
machines.
"
I have indicated these alternate methods of feeding the duplex perfecting
machines that I have designed to work from two cylinders, printing both ways,
from either sheets or webs, cut before or after printing, as may be best for the
work for which the machines may be required; preferring, however, the methods
and designs more fully described, and shewn in the drawings, but claiming the others
as alternatives thereto.
The several processes described it will be seen are only variations in the mode
of feeding the sheets or paper into a printing machine with a reciprocating table
and having two cylinders geared to the racks thereon, so as to print both ways; and
by so conducting the sheets through the machine as to accomplish this purpose
and at the same time turn the sheet so as to have it printed on both sides and
folded before leaving the machine, and making a duplex perfecting machine that
will occupy no more space and will work faster than an ordinary perfecting machine,
and also fold the sheets. A class of nachine that is much wanted for newspapers,
magazine, and pamphlet work, and by a slight variation in the construction and
arrangement of the machine, it may be made for either "half sheet" or ❝ sheet
work, and be fed from sheets or webs, cut before or after, if made, as specially
required for any one or more of these processes that can be worked together, and
are herein described, indicated, or shewn.
"
The need of the day according to the last edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica
is a machine that will print from the web, from a flat surface so that type could be
used and perfect. This invention does these three requirements, but also folds
the sheets. It is, however, not simply a duplex printing or single perfecting
machine but a duplex perfecting, or a four-fold printing machine, as compared
with an ordinary stop cylinder machine; and a machine that stands between the
ordinary perfecting flat-bed machine, and the rotary perfecting web machine, but
not requiring stereotype plates as the latter does, while approaching it in the
output, and also folding the sheets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders, working and
printing both ways, geared to a flat reciprocating type table, having one set of
formes on it, for hand or automatic feeding from sheets or webs, with sheet-
turning apparatus for perfecting, and folding and flying arrangements attached
thereto, for "half sheet" work as above described and shewn in Figure I.
2. In a duplex perfecting printing machine, with two cylinders and flat recipro-
cating table, geared together, the method of feeding the same from the top of the
cylinders, by hand or automatically as described and shewn in Figure I.
3. In a duplex perfecting printing machine, with two cylinders and flat recipro-
cating table, geared together, the apparatus for cutting the sheet and feeding the
same, and regulating the distance of the travel of the sheet, as described and
shewn in Figure I, as well as any ordinary method of like feeding automatically.
4. In a duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders and flat recipro-
cating table, geared together, the arrangement of the throw off tapes to the sheet
turning, and also the folding apparatus as described and shewn in Figure I.
5. In a duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders and flat

page_text: reciprocating table geared together, the method of turning the sheet by cylinders,.
with or without grippers, and tapes, the cylinders being geared to the printing
cylinders or otherwise worked, and the arrangements for operating the same as
described and shewn.
6. In a duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders and flat recipro-
cating table, geared together, the processes for cutting the sheets before and after
printing as described and shewn in relation to the same in Figure I.
7. In a duplex perfecting printing machine, with two cylinders and flat recipro-.
cating table, geared together, the application of double or single folding and
flying apparatus co-acting with the printing operations in the same machine as.
described and shewn in Figure I.
8. In a duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders and flat recipro-.
cating table, geared together, the mode of operating it on the Wharfedale principle
on pulleys, or with the "railway" system, and with the cylinders geared to the
racks or to each other and the racks, as described and shewn in relation to.
Figure I.
9. In a duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders and flat recipro-
cating table, geared together, the duplex method of working the sheet turning.
cylinders, in one continuous direction by the aid of a ratchet or cam stop action,
working into the loose gearing wheels on the said cylinders shafts, with the
connecting gearing between such cylinders as described and shewn in Figure I.
10. In a duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders and flat recipro-
cating type table, geared together, and printing, from each cylinder both ways as
the table alternately reverses, from one set of formes, either from sheets or webs,
automatically or otherwise fed, sheets that are printed and then "perfected" on
the other side, and folded or delivered, in one cycle of the machine, the general
arrangement of a machine and the combination therewith of the several processes
as described and shewn in Figure I, with the alternative processes indicated, and
the use of the same in single cylinder perfecting machines on the same principle.
11. In a duplex perfecting printing machine with two cylinders and a flat
reciprocating type table, geared together, and printing both ways and perfecting
and folding or flying, and fed by hand or automatically, from webs, the general
combination and arrangements of the machine and the methods and processes for
carrying out the several operations of feeding, perfecting, cutting and folding or
flying the sheets as described and shewn in Figure II, with the alternative processes
mentioned.
12. In a duplex perfecting "sheet" printing machine, the general construction
of such a machine, with the methods of arranging the cylinders and working them
in connection with the racks on the table, and the combination of feeding, turning.
the sheets in their passage from cylinder to cylinder, and perfecting the same, and
folding and flying the sheets in one revolution of the machine, as described and
shewn in Figure III.
13. In a duplex perfecting "sheet" printing machine, with two cylinders in
constant and direct gear with the table; the duplex method of turning and
carrying the sheets in their respective passages from one cylinder to the other for
perfecting," and the appliances used for that purpose and for working the same,.
as described and shewn in Figure III.
14. In a duplex perfecting "sheet" printing machine, having two cylinders
geared to a flat reciprocating type table, and printing both ways with both cylinders
but with one set of formes-to each cylinder-so as to perfect in "sheet" form,.
the combination and arrangement of the several processes for effecting the driving,
feeding, printing perfecting, folding and inking as described and disclosed in the
Specification and shewn in Figure III with the suggested variations, and the
partial or general application of this novel method of duplex perfecting to machines.
driven in other ways, but with the cylinders reciprocating with the table as in this
invention for duplex perfecting.
15. In duplex perfecting "sheet" or "half sheet" printing machines, the

page_text: different processes of working from webs, and printing either one way or both
ways, as the cylinders reciprocate with the table from which they are driven, with
the processes for feeding and drawing forward, or backward, the paper as required,
and cutting the same after printing as described.
"
16. In duplex perfecting "sheet or "half sheet" printing machines, the process
for feeding the sheets, automatically or otherwise, into one cylinder, first above
and then below, and carrying them by one or more turning gripper cylinders or
tapes, to the second cylinder, by which all the sheets would be perfected, as
described.
17. In duplex perfecting machines, the application of the cylinder lifting 1
apparatus as shewn, so that the machines may also be used as single or two feeders,
when required.
Dated this Eighth day of March 189.1
WILLIAM HAYWARD.