IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR REGULATING THE CURRENT OR ELECTRO MOTIVE FORCE OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS & THE SPEED OF MOTORS
Year: 1885

page_text: We CHARLES JOHN BOSANQUET, Bolingbroke Rectory, Spilsby, WILLIAM
CAMERON, 6 Upper Gresham Street, Lincoln, and WILLIAM AUGUSTUS TOMLINSON,
Birthorpe, Folkingham, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of our invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR REGULATING THE CURRENT OR ELECTRO
MOTIVE FORCE OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS & THE SPEED OF MOTORS to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to regulate the strength or electro motive force of
electric currents (1st) By automatically varying the speed of the prime mover which
gives motion to the dynamo electric machine (2nd) By automatically varying the
strength of the field magnets, changing the position of the brushes or otherwise
altering the electrical condition of the dynamo.
We employ a solenoid or other electrical equivalent through the coils of which
either a part or the whole of the current from the machine passes. The core acts
upon gearing driven by the prime mover or other convenient source and upon
variation of the current so regulates the flow of water, steam or other fluid to or
from a cylinder, afterwards called the auxiliary cylinder, the piston of which is
connected to the throttle valve, expansion gear, or equivalent part of the prime
mover.
The solenoid core is balanced by a spring or other suitable means when the
current is at the normal, but when the current rises the pull upon the solenoid core
is increased overcoming the spring & bringing the gear into action admitting
fluid pressure to one end of the auxiliary cylinder & the movement of the piston
thus produced whilst it regulates the throttle valve or equivalent part of notor
gives a differential movement to the valve or valves of the auxiliary cylinder,
closing the ports & locking the piston. Should the current fall the pull upon the
solenoid core is reduced, allowing the spring to overcome the pull on the core
bringing the gear into action to admit fluid pressure to the other end of the
auxiliary cylinder, and the movement of the piston in the opposite direction gives
Prise Q7

page_text: a differential movement to the valve or valves of the auxiliary cylinder closing the
ports & locking the piston. By this arrangement the mean balance of the solenoid
core may be re-established as the current returns to the normal without reopening
the valve of the auxiliary cylinder & so the auxiliary piston remains in the new
position until another change in the current takes place. We may also use a
differential gear with or without a centrifugal governor to throw the gear out of
action before the solenoid has re-established its mean balance. To attain our
second object the piston of the auxiliary cylinder acts upon the brushes or varies
resistances in the coils of the field magnets. Provision is made for slacking the
speed of the motor when the main circuit is accidentally or otherwise broken.
A centrifugal governor may be substituted for the solenoid or other electrical
equivalent when it is desired to maintain the motor at a constant speed.

page_text: CHARLES JOHN BOSANQUET, Bolingbroke, Spilsby, WILLIAM CAMERON, Lincoln,
WILLIAM AUGUSTUS TOMLINSON Birthorpe Folkingham Lincolnshire, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention for ELECTRICALLY REGULATING THE
CURRENT OR E. M. F OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS & THE SPEED OF MOTORS, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of our Invention is to automatically regulate the strength or e. m. f.
of electric currents,―
1st By automatically varying the speed of the prime mover which gives motion
to the dynamo machine-
2nd By varying the strength of the field magnets, changing the position of the
brushes or otherwise altering the electrical conditions of the dynamo.
We employ a solenoid or other electrical equivalent through the coils of which
either the whole or a part of the current from the dynamo passes.
The core of this solenoid acts upon gearing driven by the prime mover or other
convenient source, which upon a variation of the current so regulates the flow of
water or other fluid to or from a cylinder, afterwards called the auxiliary cylinder,"
the piston of which is connected to the throttle valve, regulator, or expansion gear of
the motor-This core is balanced by a spring or weight when the current is at the
normal, but when the current rises above the normal the pull upon the solenoid
core is increased overcoming the spring or weight and bringing the gearing into
action, admitting fluid under pressure to one end of the auxiliary cylinder, and the
movement of the piston thus produced whilst it regulates the throttle valve,
regulator or expansion gear of the motor at the same time gives a differential
movement to the valve or valves of the auxiliary cylinder, and closes the ports &
locks the piston when the gearing is thrown out of action by the solenoid. Should
the current fall below the normal the pull upon the solenoid core is reduced
allowing the spring or weight to overcome the pull on the solenoid core bringing the
gearing into action to admit fluid pressure to the other end of the auxiliary cylinder,
and the movement of the piston in the opposite direction whilst it regulates the
throttle valve, regulator, or expansion gear of the motor, gives a differential move-
ment to the valve or valves of the auxiliary cylinder and closes the ports and locks
the piston when the gearing has been thrown out of action by the solenoid.
By this arrangement the gearing can be released and the balance of the solenoid
re-established as the current returns to the normal without reopening the valve of
the auxiliary cylinder, the piston remaining in the new position until another
change in the current takes place.
We may also use a differential gear with or without a centrifugal governor to,
throw the gearing out of action before the solenoid has re-established its balance.
To attain our second object the piston of the auxiliary cylinder acts upon the
contact brushes, or varies resistances in the circuit of the field magnets of the
dynamo machine,

page_text: In the case of incandescent lighting in parallel "electro-motive force" must be
read in place of "current."
Provision is made for slacking the speed of the motor when the main circuit is
accidentally or otherwise broken.
A centrifugal governor may be substituded for the solenoid or other electrical
equivalent when it is desired to maintain the speed of the motor constant.
The gearing which moves the valve of the auxiliary cylinder consists of three
wheels two of which are fixed upon a sleeve connected to the solenoid core and
capable of slight end motion upon its axis though constrained to rotate with it; and
the third wheel is driven from the motor or other convenient source.
Upon a variation of the current the sleeve is moved longitudinally by the
solenoid core, bringing one or other of the wheels on the sleeve into gear with the
driven wheel and causing the sleeve and spindle to rotate in different directions as
the one or other wheel on the sleeve is in gear with the driven wheel-This spindle
by means of a screw actuates the valve of the auxiliary cylinder.
Instead of the solenoid or equivalent moving the wheels into or out of gear we
can employ a solenoid and electro-magnets to move clutches in order to obtain the
desired result.
.
It is obvious that in the previous case the solenoid can be made to move a clutch
to put the gearing in action instead of acting upon the sleeve. In that case the
three wheels would be running in gear and the clutch keyed to the spindle. Upon
a movement of the clutch in either direction one or other of the wheels would
drive the spindle.
We employ tubular valves to distribute the fluid under pressure to the ends of
the auxiliary cylinder, having oblique ports, when they receive two motions i.c. a
longitudinal one from the gearing and a twisting from the piston of the auxiliary
cylinder through suitable mechanism, but the ports of those which receive a
longitudinal motion only are in planes perpendicular to the axis of the valve.
We may also employ two concentric valves the inner moved longitudinally by
the gearing and the outer receiving either a twisting motion or a motion of
translation from the piston of the auxiliary cylinder. In the latter case we can
employ slide valves.
We can place the valves in the interior of the piston the inner valve receiving
a longitudinal motion from the gearing and the outer a twisting movement from
the piston of the auxiliary cylinder.
In each case the ports and passages in the valves are so arranged as to bring the
valves into equilibrium.
In electric lighting in multiple arc and in other cases where a constant e. m. f is
required the solenoid and magnets are placed in a shunt from the main circuit.
When the lights are in series the whole current may pass through the coils of the
solenoids and magnets.
The governor so controls the speed of the motor as to maintain the e. m. f or
current constant as the case may be independent of the number of lamps in
circuit.
In other words a large or small amount of current at a constant e. m. f. or
current may be supplied by the dynamo machine according to the requrements of
the circuit.
In order that our invention may be fully understood we proceed to the drawings
annexed.
Dmm
An

page_text: Fig. 6 shews an arrangement of electro-magnets we employ for moving the gear
into or out of action.
Fig. 7 shews the solenoid with arrangement for making and breaking the circuit
in order to pass the current to one or other of the electro magnets as the current
rises or falls from the mean.
Referring to Fig. 1,
The core B of the solenoid a is maintained in such a position in the solenoid by
the spring c acting against the pull of the current in the solenoid coils, that the
wheels d d are not in contact with the driving wheel e. The e. m. f would then
be at its mean.
If a greater amount of current be made to pass through the
coils of the before mentioned solenoid, its core will be drawn down putting the
wheel d into gear with the wheel e rotating the sleeve f and by means of
the screwed spindle g moves the lever h which is connected to the valve i of the
auxiliary cylinder forcing down the piston whose movement is transfered to the
regulating apparatus of the motor by the lever k to reduce the speed. The down-
ward movement of the piston of the auxiliary cylinder at the same time gives
a twisting movement to the valve i by means of an arm carrying a setscrew or
other suitable piece which slides in an oblique groove in the sleeve m, the twisting
movement given to the sleeve m is transfered to the valve i by a suitable pin in
the sleeve m this twisting movement of the valve tending to close the oblique in
the casing in opposition to the movement given by the gearing which opens them.
On the prime mover slowing sufficient to bring the current to its normal the sole-
noid core will be drawn up by its spring lifting the wheel d out of gear, upon
which the valve i will instantly close and the motor will continue to run at that
speed until a further increase or decrease of the current takes place.
The ports in the valve i are oblique as are also the admission ports nn, of the
.valve casing and are controlled by the upper and lower ends of the tubular valve i
which are also oblique, o o¹ are oblique exhaust ports and are controlled by corre-
sponding ports in the tubular valve, the exhaust being taken through the outlet
to the exterior of the casing by a passage not shewn in the drawing. Fluid enters
through the pipe q by a suitable passage to the ends of the valve.
P
A modification shewn in Fig. 2 consists of two tubular valves with a distinct
motion imparted to each the inner valve receiving a longitudinal motion through
the lever h from gearing and solenoid fully described in connection with fig. 1. and
the outer valve a twisting motion from the piston of the auxiliary cylinder.
Fig. 3. shews a mode of operating the valve by which the same end may be
attained as by the arrangements shewn in fig. 1 & 2.
The solenoid and gearing operating the lever h³ which lever carries a pin a³
on which is pivotted a lever 63 one end of which is connected to the tubular valve
spindle and on the other is hung a link which is secured to the lever & fulcrumed
to the stuffing box of the valve spindle the other end of the lever is secured to the
piston rod of the auxiliary cylinder.
The arrangement of the above levers gives a differential motion to the valve i³
in relation to the piston's motion and the motion given to the lever ³ by the
gear before mentioned which motion is under the control of the solenoid or electro
magnets & solenoid. The ports & ways are identical to those shewn and described,
in relation to fig. 1 but are not oblique.
Fig. 4 shews another arrangement to attain the same end. The valves in this
case consist of two tubular valves an inner and outer receiving a longitudinal
motion from the gearing through the lever h* which opens the admission ports in
the outer valve the fluid admitted moving the piston of the auxiliary cylinder.
The movement of the piston gives a compensating to the outer valve j* through
the lever at which moves it in such a direction as to close the ports and lock the
piston immediately the solenoid or electro-magnets and solenoid has lifted the
gearing out of action with the before mentioned driver.
Fig. 5 shows a modification in which the valves are placed in the interior of the
piston. The gearing gives a longitudinal motion to the inner valve 25 admitting

page_text: fluid to the top of the piston so forcing it down. This movement is communicated
to the regulating apparatus of the motor the piston also twists the outer valve y
closing the ports immediately the solenoid or magnets and solenoid have taken
the gearing out of action. n³ no are admission ports in the outer valve and are
controlled by suitable ports 65 b₁ in the inner valve 05.05 are exhaust ports which
are controlled by suitable ports in the inner valve.
The ports are in this case oblique fluid under pressure is admitted through the
pipe q and suitable passages to the ends of the valve the exhaust being taken
by the interior of the valve through a passage in the piston 7 and expelled through
the pipe &³.
The governor here shewn operates the regulating appliances by means of a lever
but it is obvious that the piston rod may be coupled directly on to such appliances.
The valves and the method of giving to them the required differential movement
is similar to that described in patent No 9889. 1885.
In place of the solenoid and gear in fig. 1 we may use the solenoid and electro
magnets and gearing shewn with suitable contact pieces in figa 6 & 7. and acting
as follows-If the current rises above the mean the movement of the solenoid core
completes the circuit of the electro magnet de by bringing the lever in contact
with point 67 attracting amature c' and throwing the wheel g in gear with f
which rotates a nut screwed upon spindle y actuating the auxiliary cylinder valve
to slow the speed of the motor. It is easy to see that when the current falls the
reverse takes place and the speed of the motor is increased. The friction wheels g² g¹7
are driven from the prime mover or other convenient source and are rotated with
the spindle by a suitable feather.
When we employ toothed gear the three wheels would be constantly in gear the
two wheels which would replace g7 g¹, would be loose on the spindle and the ama-
ture would then operate a suitable clutch by which either one or other of wheels
replacing g' g', may become the driver and thus rotate the wheel replacing f7 in one
or other direction as the case may be. The arrangements shewn in fig. 6 & 7 are
similar to those described in connection with N° 4665, 1884.
To prevent racing as in the case of the main circuit being broken we employ an
electro-magnet shewn in Fig. 1. r round which a portion of the current passes.
So long as the current is flowing in its coils a weight sufficiently great to overcome
the spring c is held up. On the circuit breaking the weight falls putting (in this
case) the top wheel into action by the levert which will reduce the speed of motor
as described in connection with Fig. 1.
Instead of an electro-magnet we may employ a centrifugal governor so connected
to the levert that when the speed of the motor exceeds certain limits it will throw
the top wheel (in this case) into gear and slow the motor as before.
Having described the nature of our invention and the manner of performing the
same we declare that we claim
1. The combination in a governor of a solenoid gearing (part of which is con-
stantly driven by the motor or other convenient source) an auxiliary cylinder (the
piston of which operates the regulating appliance of the motor) a valve which
controls the admission to and exhaust from the auxiliary cylinder and receives
a longitudinal motion from the gearing controled by the solenoid and either a
twisting or longitudinal motion as desired from the piston of the auxiliary cylinder
or other moving part.
2. The combination of a solenoid gearing auxiliary cylinder a valve and safety
attachment consisting of an electro magnet and armature.
3. The combination as in claim 1. with a centrifugal governor the latter to check
the speed of the motor if it rises above certain limits.
4. The combination in a governor of a solenoid and core operating suitable
contact pieces to pass the current to the electro magnets controling gearing with an
auxiliary cylinder and valve substantially as described,
2
V..

page_text: 5. The combination as in claim 4 with safety attachment consisting of electro-
magnet and amature.
6. The combination as in claim 4 with a centrifugal governor acting on gearing
to prevent an excess of speed.
7. The combination in a governor of a solenoid gearing and auxiliary cylinder
whose piston is connected to the regulator of the motor two valves one receiving
a longitudinal movement from the gearing and the other a twisting or longitudinal
movement as desired from the piston rod or other moving part.
8. The combination as in claim 7 with a centrifugal governor acting on gearing
to prevent an excess of speed.
9. The combination as in claim 7 with safety attachment of electro magnet and
amature.
10. The combination in a governor of a solenoid whose core operates suitable
contact pieces two electro-magnets gearing an auxiliary cylinder two valves one
receiving motion longitudinally from gearing the other receiving a twisting or
longitudinal motion as desired from the piston rod or other moving part.
11. The combination as in claim 10 with a centrifugal governor acting on gearing
to prevent excess of speed.
12. The combination as in claim 10 with magnet and armature to act on gearing
in case the circuit is broken or load on motor otherwise removed.
13. The combination as in claim 7. 8 & 9 the valves being placed in the centre of
the auxiliary cylinder substantially as shown in fig. 5.
14. In any of the above claims we may also substitute for the solenoid or electro
magnets and solenoid a centrifugal governor.
15. The application of any of the foregoing combinations claimed to alter the
position of the brushes to vary resistances in the circuits of the field magnets or
otherwise change the electrical conditions of the dynamo machine.
1
1000