A Circular or Improved Rotary Plough and Cultivator.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct.. 1897-Accepted, 15th Jan., 1898.
A Circular or Improved Rotary Plough and Cultivator.
I, JAMES CRAIG, of Matsqui, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada, presently in
Glasgow, Scotland, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
With the view of imparting to the plough, the properties and advantages of a
machine I adopt a Coulter in the form of a Wheel with an edged rim and with a.
diameter equal to four times the desired depth of cut and having on one side of the
Wheel at equal distances apart eight combined shares and mouldboards sloped and-
curved suitably to their forward and circalar action and with their points flush with"
the rim of the wheel. This coulter wheel and a pinion wheel half its size are fixed.
upon a common axle with which they revolve. A spur wheel, twice the size of the
pinion, gears into the latter and is borne by another axle fixed into and revolving
with two carrying and driving wheels running on the ground which are twice the size
of the spur. wheel. The two axles are connected by two beams into which they are
journaled. By means of rods and bands, these beams are joined and kept in position
and connected with the frame or body fitted upon the larger axle. A lever upon the
frame regulates the elevation of the implement and prevents its backward reaction.,
When in use as a Cultivator, a series of suitable tines fitted upon the smaller axle
are substituted for the Coulter Wheel and its attachments.
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The manner of working the Machine is as follows:-
As the Machine advances the carrying and driving wheels revolve and an inverse'
revolution is, simultaneously and equally in extent and degree, transmitted to the
Coulter wheel, which, reaching its appointed depth, cuts the turf upwards and.
forwards in a curved line, describing the are of a circle twice the size of the driving
wheels, and subdividing and inverting the sod in eight equal detached portions during
each revolution of the coulter wheel, and within a superficial distance equal to the
space covered by a half revolution of the carrying and driving wheels: which
operation is repeated so long as the machine advances.
As a Cultivator, the action is somewhat similar.
A Circular or Improved Rotary Plough and Cultivator.
I, JAMES CRAIG, lately of Matsqui, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada, Farmer,
now of No. 4, Bilsland Drive, Glasgow, Scotland, Agent, do hereby declare the nature
ō of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
With the view of imparting to the plough the properties and advantages of a

page_text: Machine I adopt a coulter in the form of a wheel marked A on the accompanying
Drawing. This wheel has an edged rim, is of a diameter equal to four times the
desired depth of cut and has affixed on one side at equal .distances apart eight or
more combined shares and mouldboards inarked G on Drawing sloped and curved
suitably to their forward and circular action and with their points flush with the rim
of the wheel. This coulter wheel and a pinion wheel half its size marked C on
Drawing are fixed upon a common axle marked B with which they revolve. A spur
wheel marked D twice the size of the pinion gears into the latter and is borne by
another axle marked F fixed into and revolving with two carrying and driving wheels
marked E which run on the ground and are twice the size of the Spur Wheel. The
two axles are connected by two frames marked H into which they are journaled.
Ties marked J connect these frames with the Shafts and keep the plough in position.
The plough can be raised and lowered and put out of gear when desired.
When in use as a Cultivator the Coulter Wheel with its attachments is removed
from its axle and replaced by a sleeve fitting the axle and adjustable thereover and
carrying a set or sets of cultivator tines of suitable size and shape.
The manner of working the Machine is as follows-As the Machine advances the
carrying and driving wheels revolve and an inverse revolution is simultaneously and
equally in extent and degree transmitted to the Coulter wheel, which reaching a
maximum depth of half the radius cuts the turf upwards & forwards in a curved line
and of uniforin depth subdividing and inverting the sod in 8 (or more) equal detached
portions during each revolution of the Coulter wheel and within a superficial distance
equal to the space covered by one-half revolution of the carrying and driving wheels;
which operation is repeated so long as the Machine advances. As a Cultivator the
action is somewhat similar.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The Coulter of a Plough in the form of a wheel revolving inversely in
combination with rotary shares and mouldboards thereto attached substantially as
set forth.
2. The combination, with the wheel and axle, of the Coulter of a Plough in the
form of a wheel revolving inversely having rotary shares and mouldboards thereto
attached, substantially as described.
3. The combination, with the Wheel and axle, of a Cultivator having rotary tines
revolving inversely as above set forth.
Dated thin 14th da..
2007