IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPE JOINTS APPLICABLE TO ENGINES AND MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Albert Berly, Civil and Electrical Engineer, of
No. 9, Relf Road, Peckham Rye, London, S.E., in the County of Surrey, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPE JOINTS
APPLICABLE TO ENGINES AND MACHINES." A communication by Mr. Léon
Langlois, of No. 20, Rue Viérinkx, Louvain, Belgium.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Albert Berly at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
JULES ALBERT BERLY, Civil and Electrical Engineer, of No. 9, Relf Road,
Peckham Rye, London, S.E., in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF PIPE JOINTS APPLICABLE TO ENGINES AND MACHINES." A
communication by Mr. Léon Langlois, of No. 20, Rue Viérinkx, Louvain, Belgium.
My Invention consists in using as a joint for pipes a ring made of an elastic or
compressible material, such as india rubber or lead, etc., and the section of which,
when the said joint ring is in its position ready for use, is in the shape of the
letter U, its hollow or concave part being turned in the direction of the
diameter and towards or against the pressure of liquids, fluids, air, or other gaseous
matters, that is to say, inside or outside, according to the said pressure being internal
or external.
The original section of the joint ring is regulated in a manner such that it
becomes a definite section, when the pipes have been joined together, only after
being compressed by the pressure exerted by the joined parts against each other
when they are being assembled.
And in connection with the said joint ring I use a special hollow flange, of which
the following is a description :-
One end of the pipe act as a male and the other as a female, each male end of
one pipe being adjusted to suit the female end of the following pipe, and so on.
The female flange externally resembles an ordinary pipe flange, but is conically
hollowed out inside so as to form a chamber or cavity inside, which the aforesaid

page_text: elastic or compressable ring is lodged, and against the faces of which it is made to
press on the joint being effected as hereunder explained.
The male flange comprises two parts; the flange proper, which is at a certain
distance from the end of the pipe, and a fore part or nose resembling a cone, and
the straight or end part of which presses against the joint ring, and the conical
part slides into the conical chamber or cavity of the female, and acting as a guide
at the time of making the joint, and laterally securing the male end into the female
one when the joint is made.
The joint can be made by means of ordinary bolts and nuts; but a more instan-
taneous means of making it is to hollow out the external faces of the flanges, so
that the thickness of the said flanges is greater at the outside circumference, that
at the circumference nearer the center and in a line with the outside diameter of
the pipe; that is to say, that the end faces of the flanges being flat and square, the
other faces are hollow and taper towards the center. A double hook is used to
secure the joint; to insert it, one of the two pipes to be joined is lifted in a vertical
plane so as to make an obtuse angle with the other pipe, and bringing therefore the
top taper parts of the two flanges in a parallel position at the top with the hand, and,
on a pressure being exerted on the pipe so as to bring it in a straight line with the
other, the elastic or compressable ring is compressed, and the double hooks being
slided round their flanges maintain the pressure of the male flange against the
female one, constituting therefore an hermetic and instantaneous joint.
It will easily be seen that the disconnection and reconnection of one or more
pipes can take place almost instantaneously.
The same arrangements can readily be adapted to ordinary flanged cast iron pipe,
or to ordinary brass pipes, and it is also applicable to the parts of machines or
engines where air tight joints are required, such as the steam chest cover, the
piston rings, etc.
*

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Jules Albert Berly in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
September 1881.
JULES ALBERT BERLY, Civil and Electrical Engineer, of No. 9, Relf Road,
Peckham Rye, London, S.E., in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIPE JOINTS APPLICABLE TO ENGINES AND MACHINES."
(A communication by Mr. Léon Langlois, of No. 20, Rue Vierinkx, Louvain,
(Belgium.)
The principle upon which the joint is based is as follows :-
In Fig. 2, B, C, D, are 3 rings placed one against each other, and which it is
proposed to unite together by means of a joint.
These 3 rings when they are joined constitute an annular cage having for its
sides b, c, d.
.
A¹ (Fig. 1) is a ring made of an elastic or compressible material inwardly
hollowed, and the dimensions of it are such that it cannot be introduced in the
cage b, c, d, without being slightly deformed on such of its faces b, c, d.
This slight deformation is sufficient for producing an initial joint to resist small
pressures.
When the pressure increases in the medium limited by the assembled parts, it
acts between the lips of the ring A. and press them against the faces b, d, pressing
at the same time the bottom against the face c, and this with a force proportional
to the pressure of the said medium.
The perfection of this joint will therefore increase with the pressure.
The following are then the main features of the joint.
1°. The use of a ring made of an elastic or compressible material open on the
side on which the pressure is exerted.
2°. The formation in the joint to be made of a chamber for receiving the
hollowed ring.
3°. The proportions between the dimensions of the chamber in which the ring
is lodged and those of the ring itself, so as to produce a slight deformation of the
ring when the said is being fixed, the object of this deformation being to produce
an initial joint sufficient to resist to small pressures.
The automatic action of the pressure exerted against the internal faces of the
ring action, which is proportionally increasing with the intensity of the said
pressure.
The two general advantages of this joint are,-
1°. A perfect tightness, without any limit to the amount of pressure.
2º. An easily obtainable tight joint without any previous energetical fastening of
the parts to be assembled.
Observation. Instead of making the ring A of only one material, elastic or
compressible, it can be made of several parts, some being elastic, to form an initial
spring at the. time of fixing; the others, being compressible, to make a joint under
the pressure of the elastic parts.
Thus Fig. 3 illustrates an arrangement of joint of two cylindrical parts, in which
the ring A is composed of an elastic ring A, and of two parts a, a, made of com-
pressible material upon which the two lips of the ring A. exert a pressure.
The effect produced under a small as well as under a considerable pressure is the
same as in the case of only one substance.
This joint in only one piece, as as shewn in the Figures 1 and 2, or in several parts,
as per Fig. 3, can evidently be applied to all mechanical combinations, provided
that a suitable chamber be prepared to receive it. As the initial energetical

page_text: § 3.
Arrangement of cast iron, bronz, etc., pipes jointed with the elastic or
compressible hollowed ring by means of one or several double hooks, the pressure.
being internal,
1°. Pipes of small diameters.
This jointing is illustrated in Fig. 4 and 5.
The female end E has a conical annular chamber a, ended by a conical face b
and a flange c, of which the face looking towards the pipe is conical, as shewn
in d.
The male end F is provided with an annular conical jutting e, ending conically
as shewn in F, and a flange having also a conical face h.
A double hook G clasps the two flanges c, g, when the pipes are fixed by means
of its two teeth i, j, which are inclined in the direction of the conical shape of the
parts & and h, and a little more.
The lengths of these hooks is regulated in a manner such as to render impossible
their removal after the pipes have been fixed, even should any play have been left.
in the jointing.
This being understood, Fig. 5 will easily illustrate how the fixing of the pipes is
effected.
The pipe with the male end F is placed; the elastic hollowed ring A is
introduced in the chamber a of the female end E; the upper edge of room a of the
female end is set on the jutting e of the male end; the pipe E is slightly
inclined, compressing a little the upper part of the ring A; this brings the upper
parts of the flange edges nearer, and allows of the book G being introduced.
By simply letting the pipe E fall by its own weight the joint is done and will
remain such as long as the pipes E, F, will keep in position, shewn in Fig. 4.
When the ring used is elastic the respective positions of the jointed pipes can
even be altered without disturbing the joints.
2°. Pipes of large diameters.
When the pipes are of a rather considerable diameter, it is to be feared that,
owing to the little fixity of the elastic ring set before the fixing at the bottom of
the cone a of the female end, the said ring should fall.

page_text: In that case an annular flange K is cast on the parts of the male end, on
which the ring A is fastened before the fixing of the female end, as shewn in Fig. 6
and 9.
The special advantages of this combination are as follows:-
1º. The jointing is very simple.
2º. It is instantaneous.
3°. The joint allows, when the ring is elastic, of a great variation in the respective
positions of the pipes. This affords a considerable advantage for subterranean
piping with which the sinking of the ground is always to be feared.
4°. Finally, it allows of two or more pipes belonging to a system of piping being
removed for inspection or renewing the joints, and also of changing the pipes by
replacing them by others of same dimension without touching the other parts of
the system of piping.
Thus by shifting round the double hook G, uniting the two pipes which are to be
disconnected, and bringing it to occupy the position G, (Fig. 8) diametrically
opposed to that occupied by the two next hooks G, and G., the two pipes (Fig. 9)
can be lifted and the 3 hooks G₁, G., and G., can be successively taken away.
To replace the to pipes thus taken away, the inverted operation is only
necessary.
Remark 1. With subterranean pipes the sinking of the ground may cause the
parts of the flanges opposite to the joining hook to separate or to come nearer.
This does not produce any inconvenience when the ring is elastic and the internal
pressure considerable, but it is not the same thing when the ring used is only
compressible. An accidental separation of the flanges would cause the joints to
leak; to avoid this, two hooks must in that case be placed, one at the top G
(Fig. 10), the other underneath G₁; they are fixed by being placed first one against
the other at the time of the fixing (Fig. 11), and then one being slipped. round
the flanges.
•
In this means a collapsing of the ground can only produce a greater compression
of the ring, the consequence of which is to make the joint more secure.
A larger number of hooks could even be used, and they would in that case
be distributed around the circuinference of the flanges.
special case of gas-pipes.
When india-rubber is selected as the material for the hollowed rings, and is used
for gas-pipes, in making use of the jointing described at § 3, the joint must be made
as shewn by Fig. 12.
This arrangement is possessed of the three following particulars:-
1°. The india-rubber ring is very energetically compressed, for there only exists
a very small pressure in the pipes, and the initial joint is all that can be relied
upon.
2º. The jointing with double hooks, described remark 1, §. 3, is required to be
used, as the india-rubber becomes dessicated in time and completely loses its
elasticity.
3°. Finally, the pipes are made of a special shape, which we are going to describe,
and which has for its object to reduce the corroding action on the india-rubber of
the carburetted products carried off with the gas.
The part 6 of the end E, against which one of the lips of the ring is pressing, is
made in a double cone shape C¹, C¹¹.
The corresponding part in the male end F is composed of a conical part ƒ' of a
cylindrical part f", and of another conical part f
The inspection of the Drawing will show at once that the jointing of the pipes
has for effect to compress one of the lips of the ring against f¹, a part of the other
on 61, and to pinch the internal brim of the latter between the cones 6" and ƒ

page_text: § 6.
Arrangement of.cast-iron, bronz, etc., pipes jointed with the elastic or compressible
hollowed ring without joint bolts, or double jointing hooks when the pressure is
internal.
Figures 14 and 15 show a jointing of this kind, and Fig. 16 the application of
that disposition to copper, brass, etc., pipes with non brazed flanges revolving freely
round the pipes.
Let us firstly examine the disposition shewn in Figures 14 and 15.
The hollowed ring A is at first introduced into a female end E, against the
shoulder of which one of its lips presses.
The male end F carries two flanges.
a, b. The extreme one is interrupted in c, c, in such a manner as to present a
hollow cut: The other a carries a heel & placed near the above mentionned hollow
cut. The extreme flange 6 has its internal lateral surface helically shaped; in the
parts m near the hollow cut c, c, the female end E is provided with a stop f.
When the ring A is at home in the female end E, the end F is introduced, the
hollow cut c, c, being set opposite the stop f.
A little pressure is exerted in order to compress the ring A, and the pipe F is
turned in such a manner as to cause the stop f to slip along the helically shaped
surface m of the extreme flange C.
The compression of the ring A. goes on increasing, and as soon as the stop ƒ has
got beyond the helically shaped part of the flange, the joint is made.
To make it stronger the stop is generally turned till it meets the heel d.
To disconnect the joint it is only required to invert the operation.
Fig. 16 illustrates how the arrangement can be applied to copper, brass, etc.,
pipes by making the joint with two moveable flanges E, F, which press the ring A
between two brimmed edges of the copper pipes.
-$7.
Arrangement of cast iron, bronz, etc., pipes jointed with the elastic or compressible
hollowed ring without joint bolts nor double joining hooks, the pressure being
external.
Figures 17 and 18 illustrate a joint of that description, and Fig. 19 an appli-
cation to brass, copper, etc., pipes with moveable flanges.
When the ring A, Fig. 17 and 18, is elastic, of india-rubber for instance, it is
inserted on the male end F between its flange e and another flange g. When it is
only compressible, the flange g is fixed to the pipe by any mechanical device
whatever.
Independently of the flange g cast on or adjusted the male end F has a stop f.
The female end E is provided with an internal flange b, which has a hollow
cut c, c.

page_text: 1st Disposition.
To apply the elastic hollowed ring to fire engine force pipes it has only been
necessary to slightly modify the joint shewn in Fig. 14 and 15 and described in § 6,
so as to satisfy to the special conditions in which those joints have to be made.
The first disposition is represented in the Figures 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24.
The female end E is provided with an annular part e in which the elastic ring A
is introduced, and after it, and in order to maintain it, the metallic ring D.
A ring c comes next round the cylindrical part e of the female end E and
presents a heel to the ring D.
A nut B secures this ring in such a manner that it can revolve without play
round the part e of the end E.
The ring c has a screw H provided with an eccentric, and which is to act as a
stop in the jointing (see Figures 21 and 22).
The male end F has its extreme flange hollowed. The object of this hollow
cut c, c, is to allow the end of the screw H to pass, and the edges at its internal
parts helically shaped each side of that opening, in order that the operation of
connecting the pipes can be done by turning right or left.
•
Finally, the heel of the stop is suppressed and replaced by a stop cage d managed
in the extreme flange of the male end opposite the hollow cut c, c. The object of
the said cage is to receive the end of screw H and to stop it in its motion.
The connection and disconnection are effected as follows:-
One fireman takes the pipe fixed at the female end E and fitted with the ring c,
the metallic ring D, and the elastic ring A.

page_text: '
Another takes the tube fitted with the male end F and presents it to the
first.
The ring C is turned until the screw H is brought opposite the hollow cut c, c.
By pushing one pipe against the other the end of the screw is made to penetrate
into that hollow cut, and by revolving the ring the eccentric end of the screw is.
made to slip against one or the other of the helically shaped parts m of the
extreme flange of the male end.
This operation being continued the elastic ring is more and more compressed,
and when the end of the screw H reaches a position opposite the stop cage & the
elastic ring acts as a spring and forces the screw H into the cage d.
The connection is then effected, and its tightness is in proportion of the
flattening of the elastic ring.
To effect the disconnection it is necessary to at first compress the two pipes by
pushing one against the other, in order to free the end of the screw H from the
stop cage d in which it has been introduced.
A revolving motion of the ring causes the end of the screw to slip against the
internal part of the extreem flange of the male end F, and the disconnection is
effected when the end of the screw H reaches a position opposite to the hollow
cut c, c.
If the elastic ring is now observed it will be seen that it presents on the side of
the male end a short lip a, the edge of which is pressed against a conical concave
part 6 of the male end.
This special disposition has for object to protect the part used for making the
connection from blows or accidents which could damage it when it is disconnected.
Moreover, when the pressure is exerted on the lips of the ring, it increases the
resistance, which has a tendancy to prevent the ends of the pipes being brought
near each other.
As it is indispensable that the ends should be brought near in order to undo the
joint, the result is a greater fixity of the joint under pressure.
§ 9.
Second arrangement of the fire engine connection for delivery pipe.
In this second arrangement, which is illustrated in Figures 25, 26, and 27, the
nut B fixing the ring C and the metallic ring D is suppressed.
The suppression of the nut B is obtained by making the ring C in two parts c'
and c".
The part C' has a heel C', which presses against the female end E, and a
groove C', which extends only over two parts of the circumference.
The part C" has a heel C", having the same dimensions as the groove C',, and
extending also over only two parts of the circumference.
The whole is arranged in a manner such that the part C" can be introduced
into the part C' by presenting the flange C", opposite the parts of Cʻ which has
no groove O'₂.
Turning then afterwards in any direction, the flange C", is introduced in the
groove C. The boss which is to receive the screw H is then screw cut in such
a way as to be partly cut at the same time in both' parts C' and C".
This being done after having previously introduced the female end E, the two
parts C' and C" are connected by means of the screw H to constitute the whole of
the manoeuvring screw C.
We will now consider how the moveable ring D can be suppressed.
In the first case described this ring had a double object:-
1º. Fixing the elastic ring A in the female end in such a fashion that the said
ring cannot come off when the pipes are being disconnected..
2°. Acting as spring of a certain importance by pressing against the whole
body of the elastic ring A at the time of the male end being introduced.

page_text: internal pressure.
But when those tubes reach a large diameter, it is well to distribute on the
circumference of the ring C several stop screws H, and on the extreme edge of
the male end F a similar number of grooves c, c, of helical parts m and of stop
cages d.
Otherwise the leverage of only one screw H could produce a seizing of the
jointed parts (see Fig. 28).
When the joint has a very considerable diameter and requires a rather great
fixity without pressure, some holes O must besides be distributed on the circum-
ference of the ring C (Fig. 28 and 29), in such a way as to make use of a key K,
cylindrical at one end and conical at the other, or of several similar keys for the
connecting and disconnecting of the joint.
In those conditions the first of these two operations is done in the following
manner:-
The male end F is as usual introduced in the ring c, setting the screws H of the
latter opposite the corresponding hollow cuts c, c.
By turning with the hand as far as it can possibly be done, the extremities of
the screws slide against the helically shaped parts of the extreme edge of the male
end F.
When it becomes too tight to be turned by hand, the cylindrical end of the
key K is inserted in one of the holes O.
The ring C is actuated by means of the said key and made to continue its
revolving motion until the screws H are introduced in the stop cage d.
The disconnecting is effected in the following manner :-
The key K is inserted by its conical end (Fig. 29) in one of the holes O or

page_text: MO
"hand, the disconnecting of the joint is completed.
All the arrangements described in the § 8 and 10 can be generally applied, these
last described arrangements being only required in exceptionnal cases.
§ 12.
Arrangement of the hollowed elastic ring in connection with suction pipes of fire
engines.
This joint is represented by Fig. 30 and 31.
The female end E is provided with a flange g and a flange e, which form together 1
a chamber in which the elastic ring A is insorted.
As for the joints for tubes with external pressure and which have been
described, § 7, the ring turn its hollowing towards the outside of the tubes.
In these conditions the atmospheric pressure increases the perfection of the joint
when the pump is exhausting.
The connection in this case is made in the same manner as that of force pipes to
which they are alike, with the exception however of the arrangement of the elastic
ring, and also the replacing of the stop chamber of the screws H by a simple nose d
similar to that of the ordinary pipes with external pressure (§ 7).
These joints are not in fact to possess the fixity of the joints for compression, as
exhaust pipes are always comparatively short, and they are not interfered with
after having been connected.
The double motion required for the disconnection of the joints is then reduced to
only one turning motion.
When the exhaust pipes are of a rather large diameter, as it is the case with fire
engines, it is well to put several screws H. and a similar number of hollowings C, C.
Only one nose d is necessary.
The advantages of the joints are the following:-
1º. Perfection of the joint, preventing the admission of air which is so pre-
judiciable to the good working of the pumps.
2º. Instantaneous connection and disconnection without special tools.
13.
Application of the joint described, § 12, to all flexible pipes with external
pressure; this joint is evidently applicable to all flexible pipes with external
*pressure.
But when the pipes are not exhaust pipes for pumps, it is well to make some
holes in the ring C opposite the hollowed ring A in such a way as to allow the
· external pressure of easily reaching the elastic ring.
This is not indispensible in the exhaust pipes of pumps, because the air always
finds its way to the ring A through the play in the joint.
When it is necessary to secure the fixity of the joint, an elastic ring with
strengthened edge, like the one shewn in Fig. 26, will be used in order to increase
its action as a spring, the stop chamber being at the same time re-established.
Should there be any difficulty in making or in doing the joints, the apertures O
could be replaced so as to allow of the use of the key K.

page_text: The application of the hollowed clastic ring to the packing of clack valves is
shewn in Figures 32, 33, 34, and 35.
A is an elastic ring with lips expended in the shape of a V (Fig. 35).
This ring is fixed to a valve, oscillating as B, or hinged as C, by means of a
special collar D, which flattens one of the lips of the ring A. against the valvo.
This ring A after it is fixed takes the shape shewn in Fig. 33. When valve falls
again, either by the action of its own weight, if it is sufficient, or with the aid of
a mechanical action, the other lip of the ring A flattens itself against the seat, and
the said ring under pressure takes the shape represented in Fig. 32 and 34, and
which is the characteristic U shape.
In these conditions the double deformation of the ring is sufficient to make an
initial joint between the valve and its seat with a low pressure. As soon as the
pressure increases it acts as usual between the lips of tho ring A, and presses
them against the valve and its seat with an energy proportional to its own
intensity.
The joint between the valve and its seat increases therefore with the pressure.
The Figures 36, 37, 38, and 39 illustrate the application of a similar ring to the
valve seats.
The effect produced is absolutely the same, and can be at once understood by a
reference to the Drawing.
It is clear that valves or valve seats thus provided are applicable to all kind of
valves, such as stop valves, steam cocks, etc., provided the flap is placed on the side
of the greatest pressure.
As this discription of valve does not require a very great pressure to maintain
them on their seats, the arrangement illustrated in Figures 40 and 41 can be
adopted.
The oscillating valve B is actuated by means of a rod F passing through the
cocks, and which is itself worked from a lever G provided with a counterpoise.
It is regulated as follows:-
The lever G works between two points G₁ corresponding to the complete opening
of the valve; G, corresponding, on the contrary, to the hermetical shutting of the
said valve.
These two positions are regulated in a manner such that the lever's counterpoise
alternatively maintains the valve full open or completely shut.
- When the lever is brought to position G₂ the counter-weight is sufficient to
secure the initial joint of the valve on its seat. When the pressure increases the
action on this initial joint takes place as usual, and increases its value proportionaly
to its intensity.
When the axle F is caulked, as will be explained in § 18, a very great simplicity
is attained, as illustrated in Fig. 41.
When the cocks are of a rather large diameter it is indispensible to work the
valve otherwise than with an oscillating axle, as the effort to be overcome for raising
the valve under pressure becomes too considerable.
This arrangement could evidently be used in connection with folding valves by
working the rod of these valves by means of an axle provided with a lover.
Those are very simple details, which it is only necessary to mention.
1
The advantages of this disposition are as follows:-
1°. Perfect tightness of the cock..
2°. Shutting and opening absolutely instantaneous.
3°. Suppression of the fastening screws of the valve, as well as of their attach-
ments, such as screws, archs, stuffing boxes, etc.

page_text: § 16.
Application of the stop valve described, § 15, and of the joints described, § 8, 9,
and 10, to hydrants.
By combining the said stop valve and joints we have obtained the following
arrangement, illustrated in Fig. 42, and in which A represents a cock such as it was
described, 15. This cock is fixed on a pipe branched off the main; C is a T piece
which is fixed on the part A and forms the seat of the valve.
B, B, are two male ends which form a joint with the two female ends of the pipe
or with the T piece, provided with cocks for receiving several pipes.
The advantages of this arrangement derive from the special advantages of each
of the parts of which it is composed.
Perfect tightness, easy working of the cock, easy connecting and disconnecting,
and suppression of all kind of keys for the working of the water cock

page_text: The tightness of the initial joint is therefore increased according to the ordinary
principle.
When on the contrary the piston C produces a vacuum, it is the external air
which is introduced through the openings b, and acting on the ring A, produces a
similar effect.
The ring A, produces a caulking in the delivery or forcing motion, and the
ring A, during the exhaust or aspiring motion of the piston.
When there is no exhaust, as it is the case with the hydraulic presses, the ring A
is alone sufficient for the joint.
This packing can also be applied to rods which cross the partitions with which
they are to form a joint (rod F, Fig. 41).
They can also be used for rotating rods.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, what I claim now as new and desire to secure by Letters
Patent is,-
1°. The general use of a ring made of an elastic or compressible material, as
india rubber, lead, etc., of a hollowed shape for the fixing together of mechanical
organs which have to be assembled in air or water tight joints.
By its shape and the dimensions which are given to it, as well as those of the
cage in which it is contained, this ring acts to make a joint, as has been described
in the preliminaries of this description.
2°. The applications of the said ring to all the joints of general mechanical
description (§ 1).
3°. The applications to flange pipes with bolts (§ 2).
4°. The special jointing of pipes with an internal pressure by means of a double
hook (§ 3).
5°. The particular disposition of this joint in the case of india rubber ring and
of gas pipes (§ 4).
6°. The particular joint when the pipes are subject to an external pressure
(§ 5).
7°. The jointing of pipes without flange nor double hook by means of a
bayonet armature (§ 6).
8°. The arrangement which is obtained in that manner when the pressure is
external (§ 7).
9°. The application of the ring to fire engine pipes for delivery or force tubes,
and generally to all flexible pipes used in the same conditions (§ 8, 9, 10, and 11).
10°. The application of the ring to fire engine suction pipes, and generally to all
flexible pipes with an external pressure, § 12 and 13.
11°. The application of the ring to the packing of the valve or to the clack seats
(§ 14).
12º. The application of valves or of clack seats thus provided to stop valves,
cocks, etc., § 15.
13°. The application of the special cock to which the ring leads, and of the fire
engine pipes joints to hydrants (§ 16).
14°. The application of the ring to the packing of pistons (§ 17).
15°. The application of the ring to caulking of pump rods, plunge pistons, etc.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jules Albert Berly, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 17th day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.