Improvements in Stoves or Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Improvements in Stoves or Heating Apparatus.
A communication from LA SOCIÉTÉ ANONYME DES USINES ET FONDERIES
DE LA NETHE, of Duffel, near Antwerp, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is a rational, economical arrangement of stove for
heating purposes in general which attains the most extended and universal utilisation
of fuel on all its heating surfaces.
Commencing from the consideration that, in general, the central body of fuel in
a stove is consumed without useful effect in respect of heating, we have made
experiments with a view to give such central mass a definite shape.
As the accompanying Figures 14 and 14bis show, a refractory body M fills up
the central space of the fire-place. This arrangement, however, is attended with
two disadvantages; on the one hand, the central body is rapidly destroyed, and, on
the other, it becoines extremely overheated, and a considerable part of that heat is
practically lost to the heating surfaces. Thereafter we arranged the inner body as
hollow cylinder, intended as a reserve chamber for the fuel. (See Figures 13
and 13bis).
By combining the advantages, and obviating the disadvantages, of both these
forms, a fireplace of semicircular form and with outer and inner hollow cylinders
was subsequently arrived at. As shown by Figure 14, this form results directly
from that shown in Figure 13bis, by the bisection of the stove by a vertical plane
passing through its axial line, taking away the front portion and joining together,
i.e. closing the open ends or sides.
It follows that this arrangement of stove gives a heating surface equal to that of
the stove with the outer and inner cylinders left entire; but with this difference,
that the mass of fuel is reduced to one half.
This form, viz. of a hollow semicircle, or rather of a semicircular ring, has been
further experimentally developed, as will be now set forth in the first example.
Figure 1 is a general view of the semicircular-ring-stove, shown partly in
perspective and partly in section.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the same.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of Figure 2 on the line A. B.
Figure 4 is a horizontal section of Figure 2 on the line C. D.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section of Figure 2 on the line E. F.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the stove on the axial line.
The general arrangement is as follows :—
A principal body (a) of approximately the form of a semicircular ring, intended
to receive a feed-chamber (6) is placed on the hearth proper (c) in the form of a
semicircular ring. The said feed-chamber (6) is connected with the hearth (c) by
two channels or openings (d), through which the fuel falls into the combustion-
chamber as required.
Under the principal body (a) and round about it is a smoke-chamber (c) which
receives the smoke directly from the hearth and combustion chamber. Figure 6
shows all these parts.
In the casing of the smoke-chamber air-openings ♬ are provided for the

page_text: promotion of the circulation of the smoke and combustion-products, and the
radiation of heat.
The advantage of this arrangement is that the combustion-products pass directly
from the fireplace to the smoke-chamber, so that the supply of fuel in the feed-
chamber b is never wasted by slow combustion under the action of the heated gases
from the fire, before it reaches the combustion chamber.
In lieu of selecting a complete semicircle, any other shape might be given to the
annular surface, so long only as the fundamental conception is maintained, which is
based on the approximation of parallel or concentric surfaces. Thus any of the
forms shown in section in Figures 7 to 12 may be adopted.
In all the examples here shown, the heating surfaces are either parallel, have the
same centres, or have the same axes.
Similar advantage has also been found resulting from the adoption of shapes
which do not, in section, correspond to those conditions, but only, more generally,
comply with the single condition of a close approximation to one another of the
heating surfaces throughout, as shown in the examples Figures 15 to 19.
In the foregoing examples and modifications of the improved heating-stoves,
which have been shown by way of illustration, it has been set forth that the upper
surfaces which serve for heat-radiation are straight, i.e. flat surfaces.
Taking, as a starting point, the consideration that economy of fuel is attained
by increasing the area of heating surface, in general, without enlargement of the
volume or cubic dimensions of the stove, we arrive at the employment of moulded
or ribbed, concave or convex, and corrugated surfaces, such as are shown in the
Figures 20, 21 and 22.
In Figures 23 to 26 are exemplified the application to arrangements for open
fires of the foregoing principles of the economical consumption of fuel, as
described.
Figure 23 is a front view of an open fire with horizontal enclosure-bars, G, instead
of surfaces.
•
Figure 23bis is a cross section of the same, showing the relative positions of the
fuel HH, the outer fire-bars G G, the inner fire-bars G' G', the grate-bars J J J,
and of the chimney opening K.
Figures 24, 24bis and 24ter illustrate another open fire-grate, in which the
fire-bars G&G' are arranged in an upright position.
It will be readily understood therefrom that, besides these two chief types,
various others can be adopted at pleasure.
The Figures 25, 25bis and 25ter, on the other hand, show an arrangement of open
fire grate which is only open on three sides.
Further, Figure 26 shows a modification of the same with only one side open.
Figures 27, 27 and 27 represent an application of the economical stove, with a
long narrow fire-space, for the heating of a church; while the arrangement
according to Figures 28, 28 and 28 is adapted for exceptionally large rooms, or
halls, and herein the back wall L of the long narrow fire-space may be usefully
employed for the purpose of the preliminary heating of the air-supply, or other
warming purposes as shown at M, where the air circulating through the spaces at
the back of the stove is warmed before passing beneath & through the grate bars J
to the stove.
In the Figures 29, 29, 29B, the combination of a long narrow open fire-grate,
with a closed chamber N above it, is illustrated; wherein also the upper portion
may be utilised for preliminary air-heating, as at N, the heated gases and com-
bustion products ascending on the one side and descending on the other, on their
way to the chimney K.
Figures 30 and 30 illustrate the same combination inverted, the closed
chamber N being underneath, and the open fire-grate above.
This form of application is particularly suitable for ornamental stove work, in
fitting up and heating large halls, public rooms and buildings, churches and
the like.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A heating body corresponding to Figures 1 to 6 with a lower part. in the
form of a semicircular ring for the fire-space e and an upper part 6 also in the form
of a semicircular ring for the storage or feed-chamber wherein the smoke-gases and
combustion-products emanating from the fire-space are drawn off into a special
amoke-chamber arranged around and about c and 6 while both parts b and c are
placed in communication with each other by means of two vertical channels or
openings d so that the fuel according to the requirements of consumption descends
through the said channels or openings d into the lower part c whereas the products
of combustion on the contrary cannot ascend from the combustion-chamber into the
storage or feed chamber b.
2. In the arrangement set forth in the first claim the development and modification
of the sectional profile or form of the heating body according to any one of the
forms shown in Figures 7 to 22 which are based upon the principle of obtaining
the most useful effect from the fuel by the nearest approximation to each other of
smooth corrugated ribbed parallel concentric or co-axial walls as heating surfaces.
3. The employment of enclosure bars of the kind shown in the arrangements
illustrated in Figures 23 to 26 instead of solid enclosure walls (that is to say of an
open frame in lieu of a solid casing) for the forming of open fire-places in heating
bodies of the form and character described and claimed in Claims 1 and 2..
Dated this 22nd day of December 1893.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

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