IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GRAIN FOR BREWING AND ANALOGOUS PURPOSES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I EDMUND RIONARD SOUTHBY of 24 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London
Analytical Chemist do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING GRAIN FOR BREWING AND ANALOGOUS PURPOSES AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the preparation' of grain otherwise than by
malting so that it can be ground with the malt through the ordinary malt rolls and
mashed with the malt as if only malt was being mashed and that under these
circumstances and conditions it shall yield a sound and good extract and not
obstruct the drainage of the wort. This applies in its full extent only to those
grains viz Barley Wheat Rye and Oats the starch of which is capable of being
converted into sugar and Dextrine by the action of the Diastase of malt without
previous cooking at a temperature which destroys Diastase and of the above three
my process is more particularly advantageous in the case of Barley But when my
process is applied to Rice and Maize it in their case facilitates the grinding of them
and makes them work better although it does not entirely obviate the necessity of
cooking them. before converting them with malt diastase.
In carrying out this invention I take Barley or other grain containing a certain
amount of moisture and pass it through a roller mill so as to flatten out each corn
and disintegrate its structure as much as possible without absolutely separating its
particles so that as far as possible cach corn still remains in the form of a crushed
but adherent mass although some particles will in most cases be accidentally
separated. Secondly I thoroughly dry and cure the grain so crushed at a
temperature which rises until it reaches an extreme which does not much
exceed 212° F.
•
"
In the first or crushing portion of my process some moisture must be present in
the grain but the amount may vary greatly without affecting the results Thus in
the case of Barley I have obtained good results with rather under 9 per cent of
moisture and rather over 25 per cent of moisture But in all cases enough moisture
must be present to give toughness to the grain.
In the second part of my process although it is not absolutely necessary that
every trace of moisture should be expelled from the grain it must be so well dried

page_text: Thus
and kept for such a time at a sufficiently high temperature that in the first placo
it will grind easily when passed through the malt rolls and in the second place it
will not interfere with the soundness of the wort produced when it is mashed with.
malt About 4 to 6 hours at a temperature of 180° to 200° F gives good results.
Various forms of apparatus may be used in carrying out my invention
various forms of roller mill may be used provided they will effect the object in
view viz: disintegrating each corn while allowing it still to remain for the most
part as an adherent mass. Smooth rolls of rather small diameter answer well they
should be provided with scrapers commonly known as
""
doctors to prevent the
grain from adhering to them and if their surface is or becomes too smooth to bite
well they should be roughened or granulated by setting them up close and passing a
Little fine sand through them or in any other analogous manner.
"
The crushed grain can be dried and cured in various ways Thus the drying and
curing may be effected on an ordinary malt kiln the perforations in the floor-of
which are so small as to prevent any serious loss from non-adherent particles falling
through. Ur revolving cylinders may be used with heated air passing through
them. Or the crushed grain may be placed in a case with a perforated false
boltum and the heated air blown or sucked through the grain In the two latter
cases it is generally advisable to use a fan blower or other analogous apparatus to
force or suck the lieated air through or over the grain.
The air may be heated either by passing it over heated pipes or directly through
a coke fire or blind coal or charcoal or other smokeless fire or in any other
analogous manner. When steam pipes with the steam at a low pressure or hot
water pipes are used no special means are required for regulating the temperature
of the heated air; but if the pipes which heat the air are heated by direct fire heat
or steam at very high pressure or the air is heated by passing it directly through a
coke or other smokeless fire special means must be adopted to regulate tho
temperature of the air and keep it within duo bounds before it reaches the
crushed grain Thus the exit from the blower may be divided into two separate
pipes one carrying the air to the fire and the other external to the fire thus
producing a hot and a cold current of air which are afterwards caused to mix
together before they reach the grain. Valves are fitted to these two pipes by
which the amount of air which passes through each can be regulated and thus by
regulating these valves any required temperature can be obtained The regulation
of these valves may be effected either by hand or automatically by the expansion
of a metal bar subjected to the heat of the air after the hot and cold currents
meet or in any analogous manner. Or if an aspirator instead of a blower is used
and the air is sucked through the grain two inlet pipes are provided one bringing
the heated and the other the cold air with regulating valves on each which may be
worked as above described In any case a thermometer should be so fixed as to
indicate the temperature of the mixed hot and cold air just before it comes in
contact with the grain and it is also advisable to have a thermometer placed in the
grain itself.
Dated 11th Tann 198
EDMUND RICHARD SOUTHBY,
24, Holborn Viaduct.

page_text: I EDMUND RICHARD SOUTHBY of 24. Holborn Viaduct in the City of London,
Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GRAIN FOR BREWING AND ANALOGOUS PURPOSES AND
IN APPARATUS THEREFOR and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
39
The object of this invention is the preparation of grain otherwise than by
malting, so that it can be ground with the malt through the ordinary malt rolls
and mashed with the malt as if only malt was being mashed and that under these
circumstances and conditions it shall yield a sound and good extract and not
obstruct the drainage of the wort. This applies in its full extent only to those
grains viz: Barley, wheat, rye, and oats, the starch of which is capable of being
converted into sugar and dextrine by the action of the diastase of malt without
previous cooking at a temperature which destroys diastase and of the above three
my process is more particularly advantageous in the case of barley, but when my
process is applied to Rice and maize, it in their case, facilitates the grinding of them
and makes them work better' although it does not entirely obviate the necessitato
of cooking them before converting them with malt diastase.
In carrying out this invention I take barley or other grain containing a certain
amount of moisture and pass it through a roller mill so as to flatten out each corn
and disintegrate its structure as much as possible without absolutely separating its
particles, so that as far as possible each corn still remains in the form of a crusbed
but adherent mass although some particles will in most cases be accidentally
separated-Secondly-I thoroughly dry and cure the grain so crushed at a
temperature which rises until it reaches an extreme which does not much
exceed 212° F.
In the first, or crushing portion of my process some moisture must be present in
the grain but the amount may vary greatly without affecting the results-Thus in
the case of barley I have obtained good results with rather under 9 per cent of
moisture and rather over 25 per cent of moisture But in all cases enough moisture
must be present to give toughness to the grain
In the second part of my process, although it is not absolutely necessary that
every trace of moisture should be expelled from the grain it must be so well dried,
and kept for such a time at a sufficiently high temperature, that, in the first place
it will grind easily when passed through the malt rolls and in the second place it
will not interfere with the soundness of the wort produced when it is mashed with
malt. About 4 to 6 hours at a temperature of 180° to 200° F gives good results.
Various forms of apparatus may be used in carrying out my invention:-thus,
various forms of roller mill may be used provided they will effect the object in
view viz., disintegrating each corn while allowing it still to remain for the most
part as an adherent mass-Smooth rolls of rather small diameter and driven at a
moderate speed answer well-they should be provided with scrapers commonly
known as Doctors to prevent the grain from adhering to them and if their
surface is or becomes too smooth to bite well they should be roughened or
granulated by setting them up close and passing a little fine sand through them or
in any other analogous manner.
The crushed grain can be dried and cured in various ways-Thus the drying and.
curing may be effected on an ordinary malt kiln the perforations in the floor of
which are so small as to prevent any, serious loss from non adherent particles falling

page_text: through Or, revolving cylinders may be used with heated air passing through
thenu Or the crushed grain may be placed in a case with a perforated false bottom
and the heated air blown or sucked through the grain-in the two latter cases it is
generally advisable to use a fan blower or other analogous apparatus to force or
suck the heated air through or over the grain.
The air may be Heated either by passing it over heated pipes or directly through
a coke fire or blind coal or charcoal or other smokeless fire or in any other
analogous matter-When steam pipes with the steam at a low pressure or hot
water pipes are used no special means are required for regulating the temperature
of the heated air, but if the pipes which heat the air are heated by direct fire heat
or steam at a very high pressure, or the air is heated by passing it directly through
a coke or other smokeless fire, special means must be adopted to regulate the
temperature of the air and keep it within due bounds before it reaches the crushed
grain. Thus the exit from the blower may be divided into two separate pipes one.
carrying the air to the fire and the other external to the fire thus producing a hot
and a cold current of air which are afterwards caused to mix together before they
Teach the grain Valves are fitted to these two pipes by which the amount of air
which passes through each can be regulated and thus by regulating these valves
any required temperature can be obtained The regulation of these valves may be
effected either by hand or automatically by the expansion of a metal lar subjected
to the heat of the air after the hot and cold currents meet or in any analogous
manner Or. if an aspirator instead of a blower is used and the air is sucked
through the grain two inlet pipes are provided, one bringing the heated and the
other the cold air with regulating valves on each which may he worked as
above described. In any case a Thermometer should be so fixed as to indicate the
temperature of the air-just before it comes in contact with the grain, and it is
also advisable to have a thermometer placed in the grain itself.
.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
First The preparation of grain and especially of barley, wheat, ryo and oats
for brewing and analogous purposes by passing it through a roller mill while it
contains sufficient moisture to render it tough so that each corn shall have its
structure disintegrated while it still remains in the form of a crushed but generally
adherent mass, and then drying this crushed grain, and finally subjecting it to such
a temperature as is necessary to produce a wort from it when mashed with malt of
the quality and soundness that is required.
Second-The carrying out of this by means of a roller mill and a kiln with the
.temperature regulated in the manner herein described.
Dated the Second day of October 1884.
EDMUND R. SOUTHBY.