IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF ROOFING AND OTHER TILES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Pockson, of Penton Street, Walwortli, County
of Surrey, Carpenter, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF ROOFING AND OTHER TILES."
Sealed the 15th July 1856, and dated the 21st January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Pockson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1856.
I, JAMES POCKSON, of Penton Street, Walworth, County of Surrey,
Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFING AND OTHER TILES" to be as follows:-
I compose my tiles of the materials now known and in use. It is the pecu-
liarity in their form which I claim as my Invention. I form it in two pieces
or separate tiles, depending in their action one upon the other; the one which
I call the under tile is of the form of a V when cut in cross section. When
two of these are joined together they present the appearance of a W, the con-
cave part of each being upwards. The form of my upper or cover tile is
nearly the same; but when in use the convex part of each is upwards, and
they are then arranged so that the vertex of the upper or cover tile shall lie
over the vertex formed by the adjacent edges of two lower or under tiles. The
accompanying Drawing will more fully explain their form and arrangement:-

page_text: The Figures are views in isometric perspective of the tiles, and to a scale of
the size; but they may be made of any ordinary size, and retaining the main
principles of form, they may be varied so as to be more highly ornamental.
Figure 1 is a view of the lower tile, but turned upside down, for the pur-
pose of shewing the fastening b, to attach it to the tile lath; Figure 2 is the
direct or top view of the upper or cover tile. d is the fastning, which overlaps
the head of the tile under it, holding the two together. Fig. 3 shews two
of the under and one of the upper tiles in the position they have when in use;
the advantages gained by their adoption will be, greater elegance, a higher
degree weatherproof, and they will not require any lime pointing. The dotted
lines in Figure 3 shew how the upper tile may be cut away to give it a more
highly ornamental appearance.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Pockson in the Great Seal Patent. Office on the
21st July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
РосKSON, of Penton Street, Walworth, County of Surrey, Carpenter, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, fór Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Pockson, Her special licence that I, the said James Pockson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Pockson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFING AND OTHER TILES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Pockson, my executors and, administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Pockson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My improvement consists in forming my tiles in two distinct parts; .one I
call the upper tile, the other the under tile. The under tiles are constructed
so that when cut in cross section they present the form of a V; the upper tile
is made in the same way, but is exactly the reverse when cut in cross section;
presenting the form A. When in use, the upper tile is so arranged as to lie
over. and cover the junction of the adjacent sides of two under tiles'; they are
also so made as to have a projecting band on their under surface, to act as a
fastening to attach or hang them to the tile, lath, or other substance, upon
which they have to lie. The under surface of the top tile is cut into and
removed for a large space on either side of the centre from bottom to top, with
the exception of a small band at each end; the object of this being both to
lighten the weight of the tiles, and to prevent the water from being drawn up
between the under and upper tiles. The tiles may be formed of any plastic
materials now used, or in glass or metals, and the mode of making them
may be either by moulds or by machines, as now practised for ordinary tiles.
The form and arrangement of the tiles will be more clearly understood from
the following description of the accompanying Drawings :--
Figure 1 is an isometric view of the top side of the under tile; Figure 2,
that of the under side of the same tile, a being the attaching or fixing part to
bang it to the lath or other substance; Figure 3 shews the top side of the upper
tile. This tile may be made either so as to cover wholly the adjacent sides of
two under tiles, or it may be diminished towards its lower extremity into any
ornamental form, so as at the same time to lighten the weight and increase
the beauty of the covering. The dotted lines shew some of the different out-
lines of the forms which it may be made to assume, the principle constructive
form remaining the same. Figure 4 shews the under side of the same tile, b
being the attaching part. Both tiles, instead of being made so as to have their
sides forming an angle or vertix, may be moulded, so as to present a curved
outline, and in some cases they may be quite flat. Figure 5 shews the
arrangement when the tiles are in use upon a roof, the one overlying the
other. c, c, shews an advantageous form of lath to hang them upon; but this
is not absolutely required, as the common laths will do. The tiles may be of
any size, but the ordinary size is preferable.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the mode of per-

page_text: forming the same, I wish it understood that, what I particularly claim is, the
form of tilesias above described and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Janies Pockson, have hereunto, set my
hand and seal, this
day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
JAMES POCKSON.. ' (L.S.)