IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF SUGAR, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Duncan, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London,
and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks,
in the County of Essex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF SUGAR, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Duncan and
Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 10th September 1881.
JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, and BENJAMIN
EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of
Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF SUGAR,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Our Invention relating to improvements in the manufacture or treatment of
sugar has reference to the production of sugar in sticks more economically than
heretofore. In carrying out our Invention we employ a mould, the body of which
is formed of two ends of a serrated or corrugated section and of two flat side
plates, and is made with a curved bottom, at the lower part of which a small hole
is provided. Into the body of the mould thus formed is fitted a series of serrated
or corrugated plates which form with the corrugated ends and side plates of the
mould a series of elongated spaces of a square or oblong section, so that the sugar
is produced in square or oblong sticks which only require to be cut up for use.
The draining may be effected through the hole at the bottom assisted or completed
by suction if necessary; or the mould may be of a square or oblong shape without
a fixed bottom, and made with two serrated, corrugated, or plain end plates which
are one or both removeable. The moveable plate or plates are turned over at each
end in such a way as to hold a strip of india rubber or other suitable substance to
form a tight joint when the plate is pressed against the ends of the sides of the
mould. These moveable plates are held in position by means of lugs and screws

page_text: or in any other suitable manner. The mould is fitted with serrated or corrugated
divisional plates, or with plates having slits extending partly through them (after
the manner of a comb) and of a sufficient width to admit plates in the other
direction which have corresponding slits; these slits are made tapering so as to
facilitate the removal of the plates. By either of these means the contents of the
mould are divided into square or oblong sticks. The mould is placed upon a flat
surface covered with india rubber, cotton, linen, or other cloth, and then filled
with magma, and this is allowed time to set; the mould is then removed and
liquored in the usual way, the operation being aided by pressure, suction, or
centrifugal force. When the mass has drained sufficiently the end plate or plates
are removed and the sugar in the form of sticks is dried in a. stove and cut into
cubes. The sugar may be dried in the mould by means of hot air before removal.
Instead of placing the moulds on a flat surface before filling, a plate of the size of
the inside of the mould and about half an inch thick covered with india rubber
or cloth and mounted on a larger plate can be used. This plate will project into
the mould, and after it is taken away the sides of the mould will be exposed, and
this enables a better joint to be made when the mould is liquored by means of
suction.
The slotted plates may also be used in the mould first herein before described in
lieu of the serrated plates referred to.
In lieu of the side and end plates hereinbefore described we may form the sides
of 'bars of metal fixed to the corrugated plates, between which bars are placed slips
of india rubber or. otlier suitable inatérial for making a joint; the whole being
clamped together in a suitable manner. Or, a sheet of india rubber may extend
over the sides of the combined bars and be held in position by a plate of metal or
other suitable material, the ends being in either case formed of the last corrugated
plate.
1.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said, James Duncan and Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th March 1882.
JAMES DUNCAN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, and BENJAMIN
EDWARD REINA NEWLANDS, of Clyde Wharf, Victoria Docks, in the County of
Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE AND TREATMENT OF SUGAR,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
The
Our Invention relating to improvements in the manufacture of sugar has
reference to the production of sugar in sticks more economically than heretofore.
In carrying out our Invention we employ a mould, the body of which is formed of
two ends of a serrated or corrugated section and of the two flat side plates. Into
the body of the mould is fitted a series of serrated or corrugated plates, which
form with the corrugated ends and side plates of the mould a series of elongated
spaces of a square section, so that the sugar is produced in square sticks which
only require to be cut up for use. The main body of the mould may be of a square
or of other rectangular shape without a fixed bottom, and made with two serrated
corrugated or plain end plates which are one or both removable. The moveable
plate or plates are turned over at each end in such a way as to hold a strip of
india rubber or other suitable substance to form a tight joint when the plate is
pressed against the ends of the sides of the moulds. The moveable plates are held
in position by means of lugs and screws or in any other suitable manner.
mould is fitted with serrated or corrugated divisional plates or with plates having
slits extending partly through them (after the manner of a comb), and of a
sufficient width to admit plates in the other direction which have corresponding
slits. The slits are made tapering so as to facilitate the removal of the plates.
By either of these means the contents of the mould are divided into square sticks.
The would is placed upon a flat surface covered with india rubber, cotton, linen, or
other cloth and is then filled with magma, and this is allowed time to set; the
mould is then removed and liquored in the usual way, the operation being aided,
if necessary,, by pressure, suction, or centrifugal force. When the mass has drained
sufficiently the end plate or plates is or are removed, and the sugar in the form of
sticks is dried in a stove and cut into cubes. The sugar may be dried in the mould
by means of hot air before removal. Instead of placing the moulds on a flat
surface, before filling, a plate of the size of the inside of the mould and about half
an inch thick covered with india rubber or cloth and mounted on a larger plate
can be used. This plate will project into the mould, the corrugated plates
terminating so as to leave space for the reception of this plate, and this enables a
better joint to be made when the mould is liquored by means of suction.
In lieu of the side and end plates herein before described, we may form the sides
of bars of metal fixed to the corrugated plates, between which bars are placed slips
of india rubber or other suitable material for making a joint, the whole being
clamped together in a suitable manner; or a sheet of india rubber may extend over
the sides of the combined bars and be held in position by a plate of metal or
other suitable material, the ends being in either case formed of the last corrugated
plate.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters of reference.
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 represents in plan, and Figure 2 in transverse vertical section, a mould
constructed according to our Invention. The plates a, a, are both formed of a

page_text: serrated or corrugated section, and the other plates b, b, are flat. One of the sides a
is removeable and is affixed in place by means of the lugs c, and screws c¹, and screw
nuts c², the ends of the said plate being turned over at each end at a², as seen
clearly in the plan, forming grooves for the reception of india rubber strips d, the
edges of the plates b, b, entering into these grooves and bearing against the india
rubber to form a tight joint. The interior of the mould is filled with serrated
or corrugated divisional plates, forming between them the spaces into which the
masse-cuite, magma, or sugar to be made into sticks is poured or placed. The
plates a, a, form part of the outer series of spaces.
'
The mould is open at the bottom as well as at the top, and before the masse-cuite,
magma, or sugar is poured or packed into the spaces, the said mould is placed upon
a bed plate e covered with india rubber, cotton, linen, or other cloth. After the
sticks have been formed in the spaces and have set, the mould is removed from the
bed plate e and liquoring is effected, aided if desired by pressure or suction; or it
may be placed in a centrifugal machine, which may be constructed to carry a
number of moulds. A convenient form of a machine will be one of a polygonal
figure in plan, each side to accommodate one mould. When the draining or
depriving of moisture has been carried to a sufficient extent the plate dis
removed, and the sticks of sugar are dried and may then be readily cut into cubes
or small pieces.
Or the drying may be effected by means of hot air whilst the sticks are in the
mould.
The bed plate e may provided with an additional plate or upper part, as
shewn at which will project into the mould, the lower part of the sides
thereof fitting closely around the edges of the said plate c², which is covered with
india rubber or cloth, thus forming a tight joint especially useful where suction is
to be employed in liquoring. In place of using the plates b, each strip may be
furnished with bars fat each end, as shewn in plan in Figure 3, longitudinal section
in Figure 4, and in an enlarged sectional plan of a portion of the same in Figure 5,
which bars when the plates are placed together will form two walls or sides of the
mould; these bars may be formed by folding over the metal of the plates themselves,
or may be separate bars to which the plates are fastened. Slips of india rubber or
equivalent material are placed between the bars, as at g, to give a secure joint.
The bars h and bolts 2 form a framing around the mould to connect the parts
together, the bolts 2 being screwed up tightly by screw nuts i running upon screws
-formed-on-the-said bolts, which screws pass through holes in the bars h. In place
of this arrangement end plates 13 may be employed, as shewn in-plan-in-Figure-6,-
which plates are preferably covered with india rubber h' or an equivalent material,
to give a secure joint between the bars f. In this case the material g between the
bars may be dispensed with, or it may still be retained. The outer corrugated
plates a, a, and the sides b (or the bars f), are preferably continued up, as shewn
in Figures 2 and 4, to a higher level than the other parts to form a trough like
upper part for the reception of the masse-cuite, magina, or sugar, to be moulded.
In place of the corrugated plates described, the moulds may be provided with the
comb like plates, formed as represented in Figures 7, 8, and 9, Figures 7 and 8
being respectively side elevations of the plate to be placed longitudinally of the
mould, and of the plates to be placed transversely of the mould; Figure 9 is a plan
of a portion of the mould shewing portions of the plates fitted together. The plates
to be placed in one direction have slots in their upper parts, their lower parts
being continuous, and the other plates to be placed transversely to these have slots k²
at their lower parts extending through a distance about equal to the continuous parts
of the other plates, and with unslotted upper parts equal in extent to the slots in
the said other plates, so that these plates can be placed together by slipping the
slots of the plates over the unslotted parts of the plates transverse to them, as
shewn in Figure 9, and with regard to two plates in Figure 7. The slots of the plates
are preferably wedge shaped, the parts which fit into them being correspondingly
formed to facilitate the removal of the plates. Although we have shewn but one

page_text: plate in the arrangement Figures 1 and 2 as being removeable, yet more than one
may be so removeable if desired. The surface of the moulds which come in contact
with the sugar are formed of or covered with a metal or material which will not
injuriously affect the said sugar.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein before
in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The process of manufacturing sugar into sticks by casting it in a mould
open at the bottom, but closed during the filling operation by being placed upon
or over a bed plate formed of or covered with a yielding material.
Second. In moulds or apparatus for forming sugar into sticks, the employment
of side or end plates of a corrugated or equivalent form, which in themselves
constitute a portion of the surface of the outermost row of moulding spaces,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
Third. In moulds or apparatus for forming sugar into sticks the employment of
continuous plates slotted or of a comb like form placed the one series transversely
to the other, substantially as and for the purpose described with reference to
Figures 7, 8, and 9, of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. In moulds or apparatus for forming sugar into sticks the employment of
the joint for the moveable side or sides or end or ends, hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In moulds or apparatus for moulding sugar into sticks forming the sides
or ends of the said moulds or apparatus of bars fixed to or formed by the division
plates, substantially as described with reference to Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the
accompanying Drawings; also the employment in combination with these bars of
closing plates covered with india rubber or equivalent material, as described with
reference to Figure 6 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. In moulds or apparatus for forming sugar into sticks forming the sides
thereof with continuations or extensions into which a plate or raised portion of the
temporary bottoms is placed or received, substantially as and for the purpose
described with reference to Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I the said Benjamin Edward Reina Newlands, on behalf
of myself and of the said James Duncan, have to this our Specification set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty two.