IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Aloise Graemiger, of Wallenstadt, Canton of St. Gall,
Switzerland, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Looms."
Sealed the 24th February 1863, and dated the 12th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Aloise Graemiger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1862.
I, ALOISE GRAEMIGER, of Wallenstadt, Canton of St. Gall, Switzerland,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lcoms, and consists in
arranging the jacquard apparatus in a loom in such a manner as to make the
shuttle box rise and fall in place of making it raise and lower the threads of
the warp. The general arrangement is similar to that of an ordinary loom
in the following manner :-The shuttle box at one end of the batten of the
loom is made with several partitions for shuttles, one under the other. The
shuttle box in its several partitions contains different shuttles, each with its
own color or description of weft, and the shuttle box is so arranged on the
batten that it can rise and fall so as to bring the shuttle in one or other of
its partitions to the level of the shuttle race, so that this particular shuttle may
for the time be employed, the other shuttles being for the time out of use.
To give these motions to the shuttle box a jacquard apparatus is as before

page_text: mentioned employed; it is situated at the top of the loom, where the jacquard
is ordinarily situated when it is employed to operate on the warp threads.
As many jacquard needles are employed as there are shuttles used, and they
are worked with pattern cards in the ordinary way, each card having a hole
in it to let one of the jacquard needles pass. The jacquard needles are
connected with hooks as is usual, and the needle which is selected by the card
brings its hook into position to be taken by a rising and falling blade or knife.
All the hooks pass down the side of the loom, and are connected to a lever
turning on a centre at the side of the frame, so that a hook when taken by
the blade or knife brings the end of the lever to which it is attached to a
given height, and each hook brings the lever to a different height where it is
taken and held by a suitable retaining instrument. The lever has on it an
arm, and to this a rod connected with the shuttle box is jointed, and the shuttle
box thus receives its motion. The picker or instrument which strikes the
shuttle is after each pick drawn back out of the moveable shuttle box by a
cord attached to it, and 'connected with a lever or arm to which a motion
suitable for the purpose is given, but for this arrangement the picker might
remain in the moveable shuttle box, and interfere with its motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Aloise Graemiger in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALOISE
GRAEMIGER, of Wallenstadt, Canton of St. Gall, Switzerland, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Aloise Graemiger, Her special licence that I, the said Aloise
Graemiger, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Aloise Graemiger, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the

page_text: said Aloise Graemiger, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Aloise Graemiger, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in looms, and consists in
arranging a jacquard apparatus in a loom in such a manner as to cause the
shuttle box to rise and fall in place of making it raise and lower the threads
of the warp. The Drawings hereunto annexed shew a loom arranged in this
manner. The loom itself does not require explanation, its arrangement being
similar to other looms for weaving fabrics of a single colour.
In the Drawings a is the shuttle box, composed of, 1, the shuttle box; 2,
the shuttle chambers, of which there are four, this number may however be
increased; 3, the guides, between which the shuttle box works; 4, swells,
applied to the interior of the box, which retain within the box, by means of
the springs, 5, the shuttles that are for the time out of operation, and which
stop the loom when the shuttle does not enter into the box; 6 is the spindle
on which the picker 7 slides. The picker is of a particular shape, and is
caused to act on the shuttle by means of the strap 8; it is afterwards drawn
back by means of the spring lever 9, which will thus ensure the, shuttle
always returning fully within the shuttle box, thus allowing the box always to
rise and fall freely. 10 is the shuttle guide; 11, the check strap, placed on
the same side as the single shuttle box, in order to keep it constantly resting
against the picker; b, the batten and framing, so arranged that the fabric
shall not be injured or the weft beaten up unevenly, which is very important
for fabrics of several colors; this cannot be done with the battens of looms
as now made; c, the brake to the warp beam, modified with the same object;
d, the axis of the picking stick.
The changing mechanism is made of the following parts:-12, a support
(on which is mounted the treddle A) arranged in such manner that it can be
operated either vertically or horizontally at pleasure; 13, a truck or roller,
placed on the treddle, which is operated by the excentric 14, mounted on the
wheel which regulates the action of the jacquard mechanism; 15, the treddle

page_text: guide rod, leading to the frame 16, from which are suspended the jacquard
hooks; 17, a support, by which the changing lever B is fixed to the loom ;
18, a guide rod, on the top of which is fixed the shuttle box 19; 20, the
support carrying the guides 21, through which the guide rod 18 works; 22,
the axis of the changing slide, on which works the support 17; 23 is a guide,
formed with steps, the divisions of which should correspond to the height of
the different shuttle boxes; this guide is pressed against the jacquard hooks
by means of the spring 24; 25 is a pin passing through the fork, and supported.
by the graduated guide 23; 26 is another pin, placed between the upright
supports of the jacquard, and passing through the hooks for the purpose of
raising the lever of the shuttle box and its guide; 27 is a projection, which
causes the shuttle box to fall by coming against the cams 28 applied to the.
jacquard hook; 29 are the jacquard hooks; 30 is the framing or support of
the jacquard, fixed to the loom by a bracket 31. Within the jacquard
framing 30 there are, besides the parts already indicated, the spring box 32,
in which are springs by which the jacquard needles are pressed against the.
cylinder 33. Over the cylinder pass the jacquard cards 34, composed of half
the number of cards that there are shoots of weft in a single repeat of the.
pattern. These jacquard cards are connected together by means of cords;.
from 16 to 20 are suspended by a wire upon the guide 35.
made of good cardboard, and are of the following form:-
These cards are
The notches x are for the purpose of attaching them to each other by cords,
and the two holes are to receive the pegs of the cylinder. It follows then
that at every second shoot of weft the cards are drawn forward by the
hook 36, provided that by the lever A the rod 15 and the frame 16 give a
motion alternately to and from the jacquard frame to the arms 37, supporting
the jacquard cylinder by means of the roller 38, supported by the frame 16.
Thus as long as the pattern card above mentioned remains upon the cylinder
the loom works with the same shuttle, and therefore with the same color;
but so soon as a jacquard card of this form
is brought forward the jacquard needle passes through the hole 1 at the
left, which causes the hook 29 to come upon the frame of knife edges;
16 takes an upward motion, and causes the shuttle box to rise or fall by

page_text: This card serves for
means of the lever B and the shuttle box guide as much as is necessary
to bring the shuttle required in a line with the race.
the first hook and the first color.
Micans
to bring the shuttle required in a line with the race. This card serves for
the first hook and the first color.
The card
o+ 2nd
2nd
"
99.
"
"
"
х
x
so o 3rd
3rd
"
"
"
口 Hoot 4th
4th
"
"
x, notches for connecting the cards; +, holes to cause the card to advance
by the pegs on the jacquard cylinder; 2, 3, 4, holes operating the 2nd, 3rd,
and 4th hooks. It will therefore be understood that the shuttle corresponding
with the color required will always be presented to the picker whether it be in
a box above or below the line of the race. This simple arrangement, by which
the shuttle box is raised or lowered as required by means of a small jacquard
apparatus, and in which the same hook as has been above explained will
always bring into action the corresponding color, whether the box rises or falls,
enables working with either one or four shuttles plain articles, and articles
with symmetrical patterns may be woven to the fullest extent of pattern in a
single repeat, as, for example, handkerchiefs, scarfs, &c. The speed of the
loom is about 120 picks a minute, and this may be further increased; the
working of the loom is quiet and easy. The changing mechanism permits of
the extension of the work to five colors or more. The entire system is based
upon the application of the jacquard mechanism to raise and lower the shuttle
box instead of to raise and lower the warp threads.
In witness whereof, I, the said Aloise Graemiger, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
MCE SAUTTER.
ALOISE GRAEMIGER. (L.S.)