A METHOD OF FORMING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS UPON PAPIER MACHE JAPANNED IRON. GLASS, METAL, AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Breese, of Birmingham. in the County
of Warwick, Japanner, for the Invention of "A METHOD OF FORMING
DESIGNS AND PATTERNS UPON PAPIER MACHE JAPANNED IRON. GLASS,
METAL, AND OTHER SURFACES."
Sealed the 19th January 1854, and dated the 19th July 1853.
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION
SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Breese
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th July 1853.
I, CHARLES BREESE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Japanner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
METHOD OF FORMING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS UPON PAPIER MACHE, JAPANNED
IRON, GLASS, METAL, AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This I effect by first drawing a pattern upon stone or other surface
in the usual way, and I obtain an impression in an adhesive composi-
tion upon sized paper. I find a good adhesive composition for the pur-
poses of my Invention may be formed as follows:-Linseed oil boiled till
it assumes the consistence of putty, thinned to the required consistence
for printing with, that is, about that of ordinary printing ink, by the ad-
[Price 6d.]

page_text: dition of gold size, to which is afterwards added a small portion of pitch;
but do not confine myself to this particular adhesive composition. I
transfer the pattern to the glass intended to be ornamented (supposing
the pattern to be produced in glass), moisten the paper, and draw it off;
I then apply finely powdered asphaltum or other material or composi-
tion reduced to a fine powder, which adheres to the pattern only, and
which renders it impenetrable to the acid to be afterwards employed.
In some cases I apply heat, or allow time to enable the resin to incor-
porate itself with the impression, and then apply acid in the usual way
on the face of the glass. The acid will bite away from every part of
the glass where my pattern does not extend, and will leave the pattern
untouched. In some cases I apply the resinous powder before as well
as after transferring the pattern. For forming designs in vitrifiable or
fusible colors on glass, china, and other suitable substances 1 first take
the pattern produced by printing in an adhesive composition, and
transfer it as before, and then rub into the pattern the coloring. medium.
The article is next subjected to heat, when the composition will dis-
appel and the color will adhere by fusion to the surface of the article.
In some cases a portion of the coloring medium may be mixed with the
adhesive composition. For producing patterns in dead gold, silver, and
metal leaf upon hard or bright surfaces I first obtain the pattern in an
adhesive composition as aforesaid, transfer it to the surface, and apply
the leaf and wipe it off from those parts where the pattern does not
extend.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.
filed by the said Charles Brecse in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 19th January 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES BREESE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. Japanner,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the

page_text: teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Breese, Her special licence
that I, the said Charles Breese, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as 1. the said Charles Breese, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A METHOD OF
FORMING DESIGNS AND PATTERNS UPON PAPIER MACHE, JAPANNED IRON.
GLASS, METAL, AND OTHER SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Breese, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and, in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1. the said Charles Breese, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
My Invention consists in first producing a pattern or design upon
paper by printing from stone or other surface in some adhesive material
or composition, which is transferred to the surface intended to be
ornamented; the paper is removed, and the pattern has applied thereon
some material or composition in a finely pulverised state, which will
resist the action of acids or other agent or agents employed to act upon
that part of the surface not covered by the pattern. Or, instead of the
pattern being so treated only after being transferred, in some cases I
submit it to the like treatment on the paper, then transfer it, remove
the paper, and proceed as above described. When required to ornament
glass and metal surfaces with vitrifiable colors, or with metals, I follow
the process known in the trade as burning in. The vitrifiable colors or
metals (in the state of powder or leaf) are rubbed into, mixed with, or
applied on the pattern produced in the resinous or other material or

page_text: composition aforesaid. When not required for burning in, and for the
purpose of producing designs and patterns in colors, or in gold, silver, or
other metal, the pattern is produced in an adhesive composition as
aforesaid, and has applied thereon the gold, silver, or other metal in
the state of powder or leaf, the superfluous metal being wiped away or
removed from those parts where the adhesive composition has not been
applied. Or the whole surface is covered with gold or silver leaf, and
the pattern produced in an adhesive composition, and sprinkled with a
resinous powder is applied thereon; the gold or silver leaf is removed
from those parts which the pattern does not cover by biting with acid
or by simple rubbing. The resinous composition is next washed off
with spirit of turpentine or other solvent, and the pattern appears in
bright gold or silver.
And the manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect
and performed is as follows:-
I first draw or otherwise produce a pattern upon stone, copper plate,
or other surface, or in type in the usnal way, and I obtain an impres-
sion in an adhesive matter or composition upon paper or other suitable
fabric. I find a good adhesive composition for the purposes of my
Invention may be formed as follows:-Linseed oil, boiled till it assumes
the consistence of putty, and thinned to the required consistence for
printing with, that is, about that of ordinary printing ink, by the
addition of gold size, to which is afterwards added a portion of pitch:
but I do not confine myself to this particular adhesive composition. I
transfer the pattern to the glass intended to be ornamented, whether
plain or colored (supposing the pattern to be produced on glass),
móisten the paper (when necessary), and draw it off. then apply in
a state of powder some material or composition which will resist the
action of acids or other agents, such as finely powdered asphaltum, or
anthracite coal reduced to fine powder, or in some cases metal or other
leaf which adheres to the pattern only, and renders it impenetrable to
the acid or agent to be afterwards employed. In some cases I apply
heat, or allow time with or without exposure to. the vapour of spirit or
oil, to enable the resinous or other material or composition employed to
incorporate itself with the impression, and then apply fluoric acid (or

page_text: other material having similar properties) in the usual way on the face
of the glass. The acid will bite away from every part of the glass
where the pattern does not extend, and will leave the pattern untouched..
In some cases I apply the resinous or other powder before as well as
after transferring the pattern, and then I proceed as follows:-Supposing
the pattern to have been produced upon paper in the ink usually
employed in lithographic printing. I apply thereon, while the ink is still
wet or damp, a resin or resinous composition reduced to powder. I
expose the paper to the vapour of turpentine in order to cause the resin
and oil in the lithographic ink to combine and form a varnish. Or,
instead of exposing it to the vapour of turpentine, it may be exposed to
heat, or even allowed to remain a certain time, "when the matters will of
themselves coinbine and form a varnish. The pattern is then transferred
on to the article to be ornamented, and the paper on which the pattern
had been produced and treated as aforesaid is either stripped or washed
off. In some cases 1 make use of an adhesive composition of a watery
character for obtaining the impressions for the purpose of transferring.
I then apply gum or other suitable substance in a state of powder to
the printed parts of the impression, either before or after transferring,
or both before and after, and proceed in other respects according to one
or other of the processes herein-before described. For the purpose of
dissolving the gum applied as aforesaid I expose the surface to the
vapour of water, or leave it for a short time exposed to a damp 'atmo-
sphere, instead of using the vapour of oil or spirit, and heat, as directed
in the case of the resinous composition. When I wish to obtain an
impression of a very adhesive character 1 employ a lithographic stone
or metal plate, having those parts of the surface on which the pattern
is produced in relief, or raised above the other parts of the surface of
the stone or plate.
For forming designs in vitrifiable or fusible colors or metals on glass,
china, and other suitable substances I first take the pattern produced by
printing in an adhesive material, with or without the addition of the
resinous composition, and transfer it as before, and then rub into the
pattern the coloring medium; or, if metal, it may be applied in the state
of powder or leaf. The article is next subjected to heat, when the com-

page_text: position will disappear, and the color or metal will adhere by fusion to
the surface of the article. In some cases the coloring medium may be
mixed with the adhesive composition before obtaining the impression,
or it may be applied to the impression before transferring it to the
surface of the article.
For producing patterns in dead gold, silver, and metal leaf or bronze
powder upon hard or bright surfaces (such, for instance, as japanned
iron, papier maché, oil cloth, &c.) I first obtain the pattern in an
adhesive composition as aforesaid, transfer it to the surface, apply the
leaf or powder, and wipe it off from those parts where the pattern does
not extend. When necessary, the article may be subjected to the
usual after processes of stoving, varnishing, polishing, &c.
For producing designs and patterns in burnished gold or silver I
first apply gold or silver leaf by means of the ordinary gilding water,
or in such manner as to cause it to adhere sufliciently to the surface of
the article to be ornamented, then apply thereon a pattern or design
produced in some adhesive composition sprinkled with a resinous or
other powder as aforesaid, remove the gold or silver leaf from all parts
which the pattern does not cover by means of an acid, or by simply
rubbing it off, next. wash off the material or composition, covering the
pattern with spirit of turpentine or other solvent, when the pattern will
appear in bright gold or silver.
I also apply my process to the ornamenting of metallic surfaces
covered with gold or silver by what is known as the amalgamation pro-
cess. In this case obtain an impression in a resinous composition
as aforesaid, which I transfer to the surface to be ornamented, and I
then use acid or other agent to bite away or remove the gold or silver
from those parts not protected by the transferred impression. I finally
remove the resinous composition by washing with spirit or other
solvent.
For the purpose of ornamenting marble, wood, &c., I transfer to the
surface thereof impressions obtained as aforesaid, preferring those in
watery compositions, and I then apply to the surface dyes, pigments,
or varnishes of any required color, after which I remove the trans-
ferred impression, leaving the pattern of the original color sur-

page_text: rounded by a ground of the color produced by the dye, pigment,
or varnish.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that I claim as of
my Invention,-
The method of forming designs and patterns upon papier maché,
japanned iron, glass, metal, and other surfaces by printing any re-
quired design or pattern in an adhesive matter or composition, which
design or pattern so produced is transferred to the surface to be orna-
mented, and has applied thereon, either before or after transferring, or
both before and after transferring, a substance or composition possess-
ing the properties herein-before described, whether employed to stop
out the action of acids or other agents applied to those parts of the
surface not protected by the pattern, whether vitrifiable colors or
metals in the state of leaf or powder for burning in are rubbed into or
applied on it, whether colors in the state of powder or metallic powder
or metal leaf are applied thereon or mixed therewith, or, finally,
whether employed to protect a surface of gold or silver leaf, all as
herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Breese, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, One thous-
sand eight hundred and fifty-four.