IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEARINGS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert William Marshall, of Owlerton, in the
Parish of Sheffield, in the County of York, Paper Manufacturer,
for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEARINGS."
Scaled the 10th October 1872, and dated the 4th May 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert William Marshall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th May 1872.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM MARSHALL, of Owlerton, in the Parish of Sheffield,
in the County of York, Paper Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BEARINGS," to be as follows:-
In carrying out my Invention I use either ropes, rags, or esparto,
or any other paper making materials, either separately or mixed as may
be required by the nature of the work they have to withstand. I place
the material either simple or combined in what is called a rag engine,

page_text: and wash the material perfectly free from sand and other like impurities.
In the second place I add ten per cent. of each resin, size, and alum to
the material whilst it is being reduced to a pulp, and in some cases I
add 5 per cent. of dissolved glue and 10 per cent. of bichromate of
potash, the latter being for the purpose of rendering the bearings (when
finished) impervious to water. In the third part I place the pulp so
prepared in deep moulds of suitable material to press out the water
by means of a screw or equivalent mechanism, it is then put in the
finishing or shaping moulds and subjected to a pressure varying from
100 to 1000 tons under the hydraulic press. The flanges where required
are either shaped in the moulds, or fastened on according to circum-
stances.
Bearings so made are cheaper than those made of the ordinary
materials, brass, copper, and tin, white metal, whilst they are at the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert William Marshall in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd November 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WILLIAM MArshall, of Owlerton, in the Parish of Sheffield, in the
County of York, Paper Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Robert William Marshall, Her special
license that I, the said Robert William Marshall, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert William Marshall,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
The Manufacture OF BEARINGS," upon the condition (amongst others) that

page_text: I, the said Robert William Marshall, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly,
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
5 in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert William Marshall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :-
or
According to my said Invention I use either ropes, rags, or esparto,
or any other paper making material, either separately or mixed,
paper or millboard cut and pressed into the form as may be required
by the nature of the work they have to withstand. I place the material
either simple or combined in what is called a rag engine, and wash the
material perfectly free from sand and other like impurities. I then
add ten per cent. cach of resin, size, and alum to the material whilst
it is being reduced to a pulp, and in some cases I add five per cent. of
dissolved glue and ten per cent. of bichromate of potash, the latter
being for the purpose of rendering the bearings (when finished) im-
pervious to water. With a view to prevent the bearings from firing by
friction I add about two pounds of tungstate of soda to each hundred-
weight of the pulp. I place the pulp so prepared in deep moulds of
suitable material to press out the water by means of a screw or
equivalent mechanism, it is then put in the finishing or shaping moulds,
and subjected to a pressure varying from one hundred to one thousand
tons under the hydraulic press. The flanges where required are either
shaped in the moulds or fastened on according to circumstances.
Bearings so made are cheaper than those made of the ordinary
materials, such for example as brass, copper, and tin, and white metal,
whilst they are at the same time more durable and require less
lubrication.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to

page_text: me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the construction
and use of bearings of the peculiar manufacture herein-before specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert William Marshall, have
to this my Specification set my hand and seal, the Thirty-first
day of October One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.