AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF TALLOW USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND SOAP
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Davis, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the
County of Glamorgan, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE TREATMENT OF TALLOW USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND
SOAP"
Scaled the 1st January 1870, and dated the 8th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1869.
I, WILLIAM DAVIS, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE TREATMENT OF TALLOW USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND
SOAP," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improvement in the treatment of tallow to
be used in the manufacture of candles and soap.
The Invention consists in an improved mode of hardening and bleach-
ing tallow by combining the oleine and stearine of which it is com-
posed. This I effect by the counteraction of two different temperatures

page_text: on the melted tallow. The tallow is first placed in the boiler in the
usual manner and there heated, and as soon as a sufficient quantity has
been melted a portion is transferred to a cooler, where it is agitated
until it falls to a temperature of about 112 degrees Fahrenheit, but not
lower than 110 degrees. This temperature is essential in order that
the desired action may take place. The cooled tallow at the above tem-
perature is then mixed with that in the boiler, which should mark about
150 degrees at this moment, great care being taken that the mixing
is effected at the above temperatures. By repeating the above action
or treatment a number of times (six, more or less,) the tallow will be
rendered of a very hard nature and this without the aid of any chemical
agent. The tallow thus treated is permanently hardened and is not
in any way injured as regards its illuminating qualities, and will burn
in a similar manner to wax. When the tallow is to be tubbed or
casked it, should be taken from the cooler at the reduced temperature
above mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Davis in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
DAVIS, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the County of Glamorgan, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Davis, Her
special license that I, the said William Davis, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Davis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF TALLOW USED
THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND SOAP," upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said William Davis, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Davis, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say): -
My Invention relates to an improvement in the treatment of tallow to
be used in the manufacture of candles and soap.
The Invention consists in an improved mode of hardening and
bleaching tallow by combining the oleine and stearine of which it is
composed. This I effect by the counteraction of two different tem-
peratures on the melted tallow. The tallow is first placed in the boiler
in the usual manner and there heated; a portion (say one-half) of
the melted tallow is then transferred to a cooler, where it may be
agitated until it is reduced to a temperature of about 110 degrees
Fahrenheit. This temperature is essential in order that the desired
action may take place. It is however preferable to allow the tallow to
stand undisturbed and to omit the agitation above referred to, in order
that the oleine therein contained may separate from the stearine and
settle at the bottom of the cooler. The cooled stearine at the above
temperature is then mixed with the tallow in the boiler, which should
mark about 150 degrees Fahrenheit at this moment, care being
taken that the mixing is effected at the above temperatures, by the
counteraction of which the hardening of the tallow is effected. The
oleine remaining in the cooler is added to the contents of the boiler
after the desired action has taken place. By repeating the above
action or treatment a number of times (six, more or less,) the tallow
will on cooling be rendered of a very hard nature, and this without the
aid of any chemical agent. The tallow thus treated is permanently
hardened and is not in any way injured as regards its illuminating
qualities, and will burn in a similar manner to wax. When the tallow
is to be tubbed or casked it should be taken from the cooler at the

page_text: reduced temperature above mentioned, and well stirred until it becomes
thick on cooling.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention
to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
hardening and bleaching tallow for the manufacture of candles and
soap by the counteraction of two different temperatures, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Davis, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM DAVIS. (L.S.)