IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Naylor, of Mildmay Park, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
BREAKS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 9th November 1869, and dated the 18th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Naylor at the
Office of the Commissiouers of Patents, with his Petition, ou the
18th May 1869.
I, WILLIAM NAYLOR, of Mildmay Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN BALLWAY BREAKS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a mode of and apparatus for
controlling the descent or ascent of break levers when worked by a
weight or by a spring and toggle joint, either as set forth in the Pro-
visional Specification filed by me in the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on or about the 28th day of November 1868, No. 3635, or
otherwise

page_text: According to this part of my Invention I connect the break lever with
the piston rod of a piston or plunger working in a cylinder containing
water or other liquid, which liquid is displaced by the descent or ascent
of the piston during the time the break lever is acting and escapes
through a constricted aperture, thereby controlling or checking the
action of such lever. On lifting the break off again a valve, either in
the piston or in the bottom of the cylinder, allows the liquid to return
freely into the said cylinder. If the controlling action is required both
in putting on and taking off the breaks, then I so construct the piston
rod as to allow the liquid to escape freely, during the first portion of its
stroke, and to partly restrain its escape during the latter portion of its
stroke. This controlling apparatus may obviously be applied to ordinary
or other break levers worked by weights or springs.
The second part of this Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of
waggon break, and consists in causing the mechanism now employed for
working a single break block on one or both sides of the wagon to
operate a pair of blocks on one or both sides. The weight shaft may
extend to the wheels on one side only or to both, and works one of the
blocks on each or either side in the ordinary manner, but from the push
rod of such block is suspended a vertical bar or lever jointed at its centre
to a link or rod which braces it to the frame, whilst the lower end of
such vertical bar or lever is jointed like its upper end to the push rod of
the second break block on the same side of the waggon.
Thirdly. To a peculiar mode of working break levers by means of a
helical spring and toggle joints, which consists in the employment of the
said spring in tension, and of the toggle joints invorted or reversed, the
spring being secured to an adjustable eye bolt passing through a lug
formed on the break lever or attached to the framing itself.
Fourthly. To a mode of working tho pump or pumps employed in
applying or taking off the continuous railway broaks, arranged sub-
stantially as set forth in the said prior Provisional Specification, or in
an equivalent manner, consisting in working such pump or pumps from
a pulley on one of the axles of the rolling stock, which pulley drives by
friction a second pulley mounted either in the lower end of one arm of
a bell-crauk lever or in the lower end of a pendulum, the other arm of
the bell crank or the upper end of the pendulum being under the control
of the guard. On one or both sides of the second pulley is an eccentric,
which drives the plunger of a force pump. Or the second pulley may be

page_text: attached to the end of a shaft supported in the lower end of the bell-
crank lever or pendulum and having a crank pin on one side for working
the pump, the opposite end of such pulley shaft being stationary. The
said pump or pumps may be employed either for charging an accumulator,
which serves as a magazine of power for working the piston of a
separate cylinder in connection with a fuzee or otherwise for lifting off
the breaks, or for pumping direct into the second cylinder for applying the
breaks, as set forth in my said Provisional Specification. In either case
the guard when he requires the pumping action has simply to operate upon
the bell crank or pendulum so as to bring the two pulleys into frictional
contact; or the apparatus may be made self-acting.
Fifthly. To certain improved break blocks, and consisting in working
such blocks of cast iron or cast steel incorporated with emery, sand, or
other hard gritty substance. Or cavities may be cast or otherwise formed
in the face of the block and filled in with any good abraiding composition,
such as Roman or Portland cement, or plaster of Paris mixed with coarse
sand, emery powder, or other like gritty substance.
Sixthly. To an improved construction of the weigh shafts, and to an
improved mode of connecting the break levers therewith, which consists in
making such shafts of cast iron or cast steel, by preference hollow, and in
casting the levers thereon in lieu of keying them as heretofore.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said William Naylor in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NAYLOR, of Mildmay Park, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send
greeting.
of
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of May, in the year
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of ller reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Naylor, Her special license
that I, the said William Naylor, my executors, administrators, and
assigns,or such others as I, the said William Naylor, my executors,

page_text: administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exorcise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RAILWAY BREAKS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Naylor, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Naylor, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates, firstly, to a mode of and apparatus for
controlling the descent or ascent, or both, of break levers when worked
by a weight or by a spring and toggle joint, either as set forth in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on or about the Twenty-
eighth of November One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight,
No. 3685, or otherwise.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a wagon frame provided with a
break lover, the descent of which is controlled by means of the apparatus
constituting the first part of my Invention; Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 are
enlarged details of the said controlling apparatus.
In carrying out this part of my Invention I connect the break lever A
with a piston or plunger B (shewn on an enlarged scale at Figures 2, 4,
and 5) working in a cylinder C containing water or other liquid, which
liquid is displaced by the descent of the plunger B (Figures 2 and 4)
during the time the break lever A is falling, and escapes through a small
aperture a into an outer chamber D surrounding the cylinder C, thereby
controlling or checking the descent of such lever. In lieu of liquid air
may be employed, in which case the outer chamber D may be dispensed
with. On lifting the break off again a valve b, either in the piston or
plunger B (or in the bottom of the cylinder C, as shewn in my Draw-

page_text: ings), allows the liquid to return again freely into the said cylinder C.
If the controlling action be required both in putting on and taking off
the breaks, then I so construct the piston rod of the piston (see Figure 5)
as to allow the liquid to escape freely during the first portion of its
stroke, and to partly restrain its escape during the latter portion of the
stroke, which may be effected by employing a piston B (Figure 5) having
its rod B¹ working through both ends of a cylinder C, the portions of
such rod which work through the cylinder ends being of different
diameters or fluted, the smaller diameter or flutes being towards the.
outer ends of the rod. The liquid, which is contained in an outer
chamber or tank D entirely surrounding the cylinder and in which the
cylinder is cast, is admitted freely at each end of the cylinder C alter-
nately, since, when the larger diameter of one end of the piston rod is
passing through one end of the cylinder, and is consequently restraining
the egress of the liquid from that end of such cylinder, the smaller
diameter of the opposite end of the piston rod or the fluted portion
thereof is passing through the other end of the cylinder, and allowing
the free ingress of the liquid into that end from the surrounding tank D.
This controlling apparatus may obviously be applied to ordinary or other
break levers worked by weights or springs. The apparatus may be
attached in various ways, but I prefer to suspend it by the rods E, E,
from the main framing F of the wagon or carriage, such rods passing
through holes cast in the outer water chamber D, and being secured therein
by nuts c, c, at the bottom. The head of the piston rod or plunger B
has a double eye d formed thereon, to which the break lever A is
connected by a pin e, such lever being secured to a weigh shaft working
in brackets G bolted to the main framing F, and actuating the break
blocks H, H, in any suitable or convenient manner. The head of-the
plunger B is expanded, as shewn at I, I, (Figures 2 and 3) and has holes
made therein, through which the side suspension rods E, E, pass, thereby
acting as guides to the said plunger.
The second part of my Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of
wagon break, and is also illustrated by Figure 1 of my Drawings.
In carrying out this part of my Invention I cause the mechanism now
employed for working a single break block on one or both sides of the
wagon to operate a pair of blocks on one or both sides. The weigh
shaft, working in brackets G, as shewn in Figure 1, may extend to the
wheels on one side only, or to both sides, and works oue of the break

page_text: blocks H on one or both sides in the ordinary manner, namely, by c
short lever arm K, but from the push rod L of such block there is
suspended a vertical bar or lever M, jointed at its centre to a link or
rod N, which braces it to the frame Fat g (as shown in dotted lines),
whilst the lower end of the vertical bar or lover M is jointed like its
upper end to the push rod L' of the second break block F on the same
side of the wagon.
The third part of my Invention relates to a peculiar mode of working
break levers by means of a helical spring and toggle joints, and is also
illustrated by Figure 1 of my Drawings. It consists in the employment
of a helical spring O in tension in lieu of compression, and in using the
toggle joints P in an inverted or reversed position to that shown in the
Specification of my said previous Patent, so as to be brought into action
by the pull of such spring, and not by its thrust. The spring O is
secured to an adjustable eye bolt h passing through a lug formed on the
break lever A, or attached to the weigh shaft brucket G or to the main
framing of the wagon. The upper limb of the toggle joint works in
a fixed centre in the main framing; the lower limb is jointed at /: to
the break lever A, and the centre of the toggle joint is connected by
the tension rod with the helical spring O before referred to. By
adjusting the eye bolt the tension of the spring may be varied as
required. The red lines in Figure represent the positions of tho
break lever and toggle joint when the breaks are on, and the black lines
shew the same when the breaks are taken off.
The fourth part of my Invention relates to a mode or modes of
working the pump or pumps employed in applying or taking off con-
tinuous railway breaks when such breaks are arranged substantially as
set forth in the Specification of my said Patent. heroin-before referred to
or in an equivalent manner, and consists in working such pump or
pumps from a pulley on one of the axles of the rolling stock, which
pulley drives, by friction, a second pulley mounted either in the lower
end of one arm of a bell-crank lever or in the lower end of a pendulum,
the other arm of the bell crank or the upper end of the pendulum being
under the control of the guard. On one or both sides of the second
pulley is an eccentric, which drives the plunger of the force pump.
The said pump or pumps may be employed either for charging an
accumulator, which serves as a magazine of power for working the
piston of a separate cylinder in connection with a fuzee, or otherwise

page_text: for lifting off the brakes or for pumping direct into the second cylinder
for applying the brakes, as set forth in the Specification. of my said
Patent. In either case the guard, when he requires the pumping
action, has simply to operate upon the bell crank or pendulum so as
to bring the two pulleys into frictional contact; or the apparatus may
be made self-acting when used for charging an accumulator, in which
case the friction pulleys are applied by the action of a spring or weight,
and are taken out of action again so soon as the accumulator is full by
the slight increase of pressure therein, such extra pressure being exerted
upon a piston the rod of which is connected with the bell-crank lever or
pendulum carrying the friction pulley, and thereby removes such pulley
from contact with the driving pulley on the axle.
The fifth part of my Invention relates to certain improved break
blocks, and consists in making such blocks of cast iron or cast steel
incorporated with emery, sand, or other hard gritty substance.
The sixth part of my Invention relates to an improved construction of
the weigh shafts of break mechanism, and to an improved mode of con-
necting the break levers therewith, and consists in making such shafts
of cast iron or cast steel, by preference hollow, and in casting the levers
thereon in lieu of keying them on, as heretofore.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be
used or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, -
First. The system or mode of controlling the ascent or descent, or
both, of break levers by means of a piston or plunger working in a
cylinder containing air or liquid, and operating substantially as herein-
before described.
Second. So arranging the railway break mechanism ordinarily
employed for actuating a single break block on one or both sides of a
carriage or wagon that the same mechanism shall be caused to operate
a pair of break blocks on one or both sides of the carriage or wagon,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Third. The system or mode of applying helical springs and toggle-
joint levers to the levers of railway break mechanism so that the said
springs shall put on the breaks by their contraction in lieu of by their

page_text: expansion, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated by
my Drawings.
Fourth. The herein-before described peculiar mode or modes of
working the pump or pumps employed in applying or taking off the
continuous railway breaks referred to in the Specification of my Patent,
bearing date the Twenty-fifth of November One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight, No. 3635.
Fifth. The construction of cast-iron or cast-steel break blocks having
sand or other like abraiding or gritty substance incorporated therewith,
as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Sixth. The construction of the weigh shafts of railway breaks of cast.
iron or cast steel, and the securing of the break levers thereto by casting
such levers thereon.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Naylor, have to this my
Specification set my hand and scal, this Eighteenth day of
November One thousand eighty hundred and sixty-nine.