Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of Boxes of Cardboard or like Material.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 3rd Dec., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of
Boxes of Cardboard or like Material.
I, GUSTAV ADOLF HERBERG, of 19, Alter Steinweg, Hamburg, Germany, Cabinet.
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to machines or apparatus for the manufacture of boxes.
of cardboard or like material in which the blanks, which have been scored by a
part of the machine of known construction, are cut out at the corners and are
raised by stamps to overhead fastening apparatus. In this operation, the side.
portions are bent down and then whilst situated upon the stamps that serve as an
anvil, are simultaneously fastened together by means of wire clips by the fastening
apparatus which is or are arranged at a suitable height or heights.
Apparatus in accordance with this invention is illustrated in the accompanying.
drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a plan in which all unnecessary detail is omitted for.
the sake of clearness; and Fig. 1 shows a detail. Figs. 2 and 3 are front eleva-
tions of a portion of the machine with the stamp respectively depressed and raised,
aud Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the same portion.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section and Figs. 6, 7, 8 and 9 are cross sections showing
various positions of one of the stamps that serve as an anvil, Fig. 9 being to a
larger scale. Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are respectively a plan, a front elevation, and a.
side elevation, on a larger scale, of the fastening apparatus which are provided in
any desired number arranged one above another. Fig. 13 illustrates the position of
a fastener at the moment of its insertion. Figs. 14 to 22 inclusive show the
fastening device in detail. Fig. 23 shows the frame which is fixed to the stamps
and which serves to increase the stability.
The movement of each stamp and also of each of the shears for cutting out the
corners is effected by means of a separate disc which also actuates the corresponding
fastening apparatus, each set of discs, stamps, shears and fastening apparatus being
constructed alike. Two discs b are arranged on each of two shafts a (one of which
only is shown) arranged parallel to one another and which are rotated in opposite
directions at the same speed by means of bevel gear wheels a¹, a² and intermediate
shafts a³. Each disc is provided with a suitably curved cam groove which imparts
an oscillating motion to a ball pin c² of the shear plate c which is thus caused to
oscillate about its axis c¹. Upon this plate there is fixed a guide piece d which, .
during the operation of the cutter plate c moves to and fro a pin d' that acts upon
the fastening apparatus D conveniently arranged above.
Each disc b is provided at its periphery with a partially interrupted rib 61, with a
tappet 6' for actuating the stamps e and also with another groove b³ (Figs. 1^ and 4):
in which a ball pin f' of a toothed segment of slides which, at the moment of fastening
rotates a rod e (that extends through each of the hollow plungers or stamps e) in
such a manner that the said rod acts by means of its anvil portion e² to force the
bent ends of the wire clips firmly into the cardboard (Fig. 9). The stamps e
together with the blank E which is already scored and cut out at the corners are

page_text: raised together by the tappets 62 of the discs b striking against a tappet g¹ which is
fixed to the lever g. At the same time the fastening apparatus D) come into opera-
tion and connect the bent side portions of the box together. Immediately after the
fastening is effected, the stamps e are simultaneously depressed again by the action
of the partially interrupted ribs b¹ of the discs b striking against the tappet g, for the
purpose of receiving the next scored but not yet cut out blank. The lever g and its
operating tappet g' are rigidly fixed upon a pin which rotates in a bracket h¹ fixed to
the casing or bearing bracket. The lever g has a slot formed in its other end
which engages with a pin g² that slides in the longitudinal bars 93 fixed to the
bracket and which move loosely upon the rod e¹ that is carried through the hollow
four-sided stamp e. The rod e¹ is thickened at its upper end e² to an extent of half
of its periphery, in such a manner that the non-thickened part is normally situated
opposite to the fasteners D and serves as an anvil for the wire clips which are
forced through the cardboard. This anvil portion acts to produce a slight bending
over of the ends of the clip (Fig. 9). Fixed upon the lower part of the anvil
rod e', e2 is a toothed wheel (Figs. 5 to 8) which when the stamp e is lowered, is
arrested by a nose k¹ which is forced by a spring k² into a corresponding recess in
the stamp e. In this position therefore the rod cannot rotate. But when the
stamp e assumes the position shown in Fig. 3, the spring nose will be depressed
by the bow-shaped piece 3 that is fixed to the guide of the stamp so that the
toothed wheel k can be rotated with the rod e¹. This is effected by means of a
toothed segment f which is pivoted in the bearing bracket h and which slides by
means of its ball pin fprovided at its other end, in a groove in the disc b, that is
formed at a suitable part (Fig. 1^) in such a manner that the toothed segment f will
first rotate the stamp e into the position shown in Fig. 6 then in an opposite
direction to the position shown in Fig. 7 and will then rotate the stamp back into its
former position (Fig. 8). This has for object to cause the wire clips i, which have
been previously bent inwards at their outer ends, to be forced by the thickened
portion of the rod e¹ firmly into or against the cardboard, as shown on a con-
siderably larger scale in Fig. 9.
The ball pin 2 of the corner cutting shears c sliding in the guide groove in the
disc b, moves the shears about its axis c¹ which is mounted in the casing h. This
oscillating part carries the adjustable knives c3 c which are at right angles to each
other, whilst the counterknives c³, co are fixed at the top of the bracket h. Upon the
rocking portion of the shears there is provided a curved guide d in which slides the
pin d' that operates the fastening apparatus D.
The fastening apparatus D (Figs. 10 to 13 inclusive) one or more of which are
suitably arranged above each bracket h, comprises a sliding piece which is operated
by the lever i, and on the front end of which there are arranged the movable jaws 12
which serve to force the clip i into the cardboard.
When the sliding piece is drawn back, these jaws are situated close together
(Fig. 10), whilst when the sliding piece is pushed forward, the said jaws will only
come together in front and will slide sideways at the rear, so that their front edges
will enclose a right angle. This is effected by means of slightly curved plates (³
which are located at both sides of the guide of the sliding piece and along the inner
edges of which slide the suitably formed jaws 12 during their forward movement.
The pin which is arranged at the other end of each jaw is thus pushed gradually
sideways in a rearwardly and obliquely inclined guide 5 (Figs. 20 and 22) of the
sliding piece, until the jaws 12 have assumed the position shown in Fig. 13. When
the sliding piece is again drawn back, the pins will also slide back in their guide 15
until they reach the notches 16 or, in other words, until the jaws are situated closely
side by side.
[1
Thus they pass between side fillets 17 which also serve to limit the stroke of the
sliding piece by reason of the overlapping jaws 12 preventing the further pushing
back of the same.
The sliding piece 11 also produces in combination with a pressure plate m (Figs. 18
and 19) the formation of the wire clips i for fastening the box. The wire n¹ from a

page_text: reel n arranged on the baseplate of each fastening apparatus is led between two
rollers o, p, (of which o is provided with ratchet teeth o¹) and from thence laterally
through a groove q to the fastener, whose slide piece at each forward movement
cuts off a piece of wire corresponding in length to the width of the said sliding piece.
The wire is fed in each movement at the proper time by means of a pawl o² that is
fixed to the lever which operates the sliding piece of the fastener and which is
also fixed, similarly to the pin d, upon the vertical shaft d², and which, at each
rearward movement of the sliding piece acts upon the ratchet teeth o' of the feed
roller o in such a manner that the latter will be rotated to an extent corresponding
to the length of the wire clip i to be made and consequently feeds the wire forward.
The roller pis preferably made of cylindrical shape in order to enable it to be used
simultaneously for each of the fastening apparatus D which are arranged in any
desired number above one another. Both rollers o and p are fixed to engaging
toothed wheels p¹ p². On the return of the sliding piece 1, the rollers o p push
forward the wire n¹ which is then cut by the sliding piece on its forward stroke,
and is bent in U-shape by means of the recess of the sliding piece acting as a die
over the stamp m² of the covering plate m.
On the rearward movement of the sliding piece which now takes place the wire
clip thus made falls first upon the jaws 2 and then, as it is prevented by the pins m²
fixed to the covering plate from moving back with the jaws 12, it falls from the latter
on to the lower plate where it is forced by the jaws 12 (which now move forwards
again) through the opening of the fastener into the card-board. The wire clip i
which is cut off and bent by one stroke of the sliding piece is therefore employed
only on the next stroke, so that during one and the same stroke in each apparatus, a
clip is made and a finished clip is employed in fastening. The covering plate m
which is formed as a stamp m³, is shown in Figs. 18 and 19 in under side view and
side elevation; and the sliding piece which serves as a die is shown in Figs. 20, 21,
and 22 in under side view, front elevation and plan. The wire as it is fed comes
between the stamps m¹ and the two pins m² which latter engage in suitable recesses
in the sliding piece in the forward position of the latter. The guides for the
pins of the jaws are in this case arranged by way of example in a separate plate which
is suitably fixed on the sliding piece. But they may, however, be situated in the
sliding piece itself. Figs. 14 and 15 are longitudinal sections through the open and
closed fastening apparatus, and Figs. 16 and 17 are cross sections on the lines x x
and y y of Fig. 13. The several fastening apparatuses D, the number of which
depends on the height of the box to be made, are arranged above one another at
suitable intervals by means of correspondingly long sleeves or distance pieces r which
are slipped over the bolts that serve to connect the top and bottom plates
together.
The machine operates as follows:-
The several devices having been accurately adjusted for a determined size of box,
rectangular sheets of card board of corresponding size are fed from one side singly by
means of a feed roller or the like, whereby they are scored in a transverse direction.
After the sheet has moved on to the top of the stamps e which are arranged on a
level with the feeding device, it is scored in the longitudinal direction. Immediately
afterwards, the shears c cut out the corners of the sheet, and the four stamps e raise
the cardboard E up to the fasteners D, whereby the side portions are bent down.
The fastening apparatus now begin their operation by forcing the previously made
clips i into the corners of the box, whilst the anvil rods e¹, e² of the hollow stamps e
bend over the ends of the clips i. As soon as this is done, the four stamps move
down again together to receive the next sheet of cardboard, whilst the finished box is
removed at the top.
The adjustment of the machine for different sizes of boxes is effected by first
loosening the several brackets h (which are mounted on the shafts & and are carried
by the framing in a suitable manner) and then moving them in opposite directions
i.e., nearer together or further from one another by means of right and left-handed
screw spindles through the medium of bevel gear wheels s¹, s² and intermediate

page_text: shafts 3. This arrangement is, however, not essential but any desired suitable
arrangement which will fulfil the same purpose may be employed. The fastening
apparatus are moved in the grooves of the two longitudinal fillets t, are adjusted to
correspond with the brackets, and fixed by means of the screws t¹.
As shown in Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, a frame u which connects the
stamps e is fixed to the same for the purpose of increasing the stability. There is
provided a frame of this kind for each size of box which is to be made, which con-
siderably facilitates the adjustment of the machine. Fig. 23 shows a frame of this
kind in detail. The frame is fixed by means of the screws u¹ to the upper portion of
the stamps e which upper portion is shaped in plan like an isosceles triangle. The
operation and adjustment of the machine is extremely simple and can be employed
in various industries.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for making boxes of cardboard or similar material, wherein the
blanks, which have been cut out at the corners and scored at the bends, are raised
simultaneously upwards to the fastening apparatus D by suitably formed dises b by
means of four vertically arranged stamps e which are operated by tappets g¹ fixed to
levers g, the said fastening apparatus D serving to fasten together with wire the
downwardly bent side portions upon the stamps c which act also as an anvil.
2. In apparatus according to Claim 1, the arrangement of four dises b of similar
construction which are arranged in pairs, each pair upon a shaft a between adjustable
brackets the said dises being moved in opposite directions by means of the bevel
gear a¹, a² and intermediate shafts a³ and serve to operate the stamps e, the shears c
for cutting out the corners, and the fastening apparatus D.
3. In the machine specified in Claims 1 and 2, the arrangements of vertically
arranged stamps e having a longitudinal rod e¹ which is carried through the stamps
and is thickened at its upper part to the extent of half its periphery and is provided
at its lower part with a toothed pinion k, and which rod when the stamp is depressed
is arrested by means of a spring nose k¹ which when the stamp is raised, is disengaged
by a clip 3 fixed to the stamp guide and is rotated at the moment of the fastening
together of the downwardly bent sides of the box by means of a toothed segment f
which is operated by a groove 6s arranged in each disc b, rotated in such a manner
that the ends of the wire clips are firmly driven into the cardboard by means of the
anvil portion e² of the rod el.
4. In the machine specified in Claims 1, 2 and 3, the arrangement of shears for
cutting out the corners, the oscillating portion c of such shears being moved by means
of a ball pin c² sliding in a suitably formed groove in the dise b, and provided with a
guide d which, by the oscillation of the said shear portion c operates a pin d¹ which
actuates the fastening apparatus D in such a manner that when the stamp e is de-
pressed, the wire n¹ is fed forward, and when the stamp is raised it is cut off and bent
to form a clip, whilst a previously made clip i is employed at the suitable moment to
fasten together the side portions.
5. In the machine specified in the preceding claims, fastening apparatus D, ad-
justably arranged in any desired number one above another on the longitudinal
fillets t, the said apparatus having levers which are fixed on vertical shafts d² and
which move in a to and fro manner sliding pieces that are formed as dies and each
of which cuts off the wire n¹ which is fed from the wire reel n by means of rollers n,
and groove q, and bends it upon the stamps m¹ of the covering plates m into a
clip which on the return of the sliding piece ¹ falls down and by the renewed for-
ward movement of the said sliding piece is gradually bent at right angles by means
of the fastening jaws 12 between the guides plates 73 and is forced simultaneously
through the opening of each fastener into the cardboard.
6. In the fastening apparatus specified in the preceding claim, two jaws 12 which,
when the corresponding sliding piece is withdrawn, are situated close together

page_text: between lateral fillets and which when the sliding piece is pushed forward, meet
together only in front, but, at the rear, slide laterally by means of their pins in
guides, so that their front edges enclose a right angle.
7. In combination with the machine specified in Claims 1 to 6, a frame u for each
size of box to be made, such frame being suitably fastened to the top piece of each
stamp e the top pieces forming isosceles triangles that serve to increase the stability
of the frame and stamps.
8. Machines or apparatus for use in the manufacture of boxes of cardboard or like
material, constructed, arranged and operating, substantially as herein before described
with reference to and shown in the drawings.
Dated this 17th day of October 1898.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.