Improvements in or connected with Windows or Sliding Panels and Doors for Carriages.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Sept., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 20th June, 1891-Accepted, 25th July, 1891
Improvements in or connected with Windows or Sliding Panels and
Doors for Carriages.
We, JOHN ADEY Foreman of Styren House, Industry Road Darnall, and,
THOMAS FOSTER 58 Station Road Darnall near Sheffield in the County of
Yorkshire, Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
As our invention is chiefly applicable to railway carriage windows, sashes, or
sliding panels-but may be adapted to any window, sash, or sliding panel, sliding
in vertical grooves-we proceed to describe it, by way of example, as applied to the
sash of a railway carriage door. In carrying out our invention we so construct a
new, or alter an existing door fence plate (a fence plate being that part of a door
which is screwed on to the fence rail, or sill, to prevent rain entering the inside of
the door, when the sash is lifted over it) that the lug or projection at each end of
said plate is of sufficient thickness, width, and shape to fill or fit into-when
necessary radial plates fitted into recesses which we form at the extreme sides of
the bottom portion of the sash.
Instead of the ordinary plate (as now fixed on all sashes having to be lifted
over the fence plate) we fix a brass, or other metal weather plate on the outside
of the sash in such an angular position that its angle corresponds to, or coincides
with, the radius of the radial plates before mentioned, and which we make of such
a length that it extends across the sash sufficiently to exclude all rain, moisture, or
draught when the sash is raised to the top, and passes over, or above the fence plate
as hereinafter described.
To ensure the weather plate thus fixed to the sash passing automatically over, or
above the fence plate we fix a (one or more to be used according to the necessities
of the case) combined spring sash rest or stop, either to the ordinary fixed or falling
garnish rail, or to the door pillar or pillars, in such a manner that when the sash is
being raised to the top a projecting part of the said stop impingeing against a
brass, or other metal rest plate, or plates (which has a recess or recesses corre-
sponding to the projections on the said stop, and which we fix in a suitable position
on the inside of the stiles or rails of the sash) causes the sash in its movement
upwards to be pushed outwards or forwards until the weather plate covers the fence
plate, and is kept in such position until it is required to lower the sash, by the
projection of the stop moving, by the action of the spring, into the recess of the
rest plate.
When it is required to lower the sash, as the radius of the radial plates corresponds
with the lugs, or projections of the fence plate, the action of gravitation tends to
cause the sash to move inwards and downwards at the same time and thus away
from, and off, the fence plate, and to describe such a path that the weather plate
does not come in contact with the fence plate. This inward and downward move-
ment is prevented only so long as the projection of the stop remains in the recess
of the rest plate, but we form the said projection and recess with such a radius that
a slight downward pressure at the top of the sash, is sufficient to cause the
projection of the stop to move out of the recess in the rest plate, and thus allow
the sash to fall, or be lowered at will.
In the case of the usual strap being attached to the sash, the action of pulling the
strap inwards would be sufficient to release the stop and thereby free the sash. Or
if the necessities of the case demand it, we so construct the combined rest or stop
that while performing the functions above described, the action of pulling it forwards

page_text: causes the said projection to move out of the said recess, and thus free the sash,
and at the same time it can be utilised as a stop for the sash strap.
Near the top of the sash we fix one or more similar rest plates to those above
described in such a position that when the sash is as low down as necessary the
projection of the stop, on moving into the recess of the said rest plate (which it does
automatically by the action of the spring) prevents the sash from falling or being
lowered any further and thus forms an efficient sash rest, and dispenses with the
objectionable system of having,-as now used-the support for the sash, when
lowered, at the bottom and inside of the door.
An essential and important feature of this our invention is that while it can be
advantageously used as above described where the garnish or other inside rail is a
fixture, it can be still more advantageously used where the garnish or other rail, is
what is known as a falling or movable one, in the manner to be hereinafter
described.
Where such a falling or movable rail is used the sash simply rests, when at the
top, on the top edge of the said rail, and when it is required to lower the sash the
sash has not only to be lifted slightly up, but the said rail has to be pulled forwards
at the same time, necessitating the use of both hands by the operator. Moreover
rain or moisture has free access to the interior of the door, and means have to be
adopted to facilitate its ready exit.
But by adopting our method, or methods, of constructing the fence plate and
sash, and by attaching thereto the radial plates, rest plates, and weather plate as
above described, and further forming a groove of a suitable radius across the rail
of the sash, and so forming the top edge of a falling or movable garnish or other
rail, that it corresponds to, or with, the said groove, we utilise it, the said rail, to
support the sash, without the necessity of it going under, or beneath the sash,
while at the same time, we are thus able, with the aid of the above described
appliances, to cause the sash to pass automatically over, or above, and off the fence
plate, and thereby effectually exclude all rain, moisture, draught, or other objection-
able matter from the inside of the door, or carriage.
Dated this 19th day of September 1890.
°
JOHN ADEY.
THOMAS FOSTER.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Windows or Sliding Panels and
Doors for Carriages.
We JOHN ADEY now of Havelock Place, Industry Road, Darnall, and THOMAS
FOSTER now of 58 Station Road Darnall in the County of York Foreman and
Draughtsman respectively do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing and on reference to the accompanying
drawings:-
Our invention, which relates to certain improvements in or connected with
windows or sliding panels and doors for carriages, is chiefly applicable to railway
carriage windows, sashes, or sliding panels and doors, but it can be adapted to any
window, sash, or sliding panel, which slides or moves in vertical or horizontal
grooves and when so adapted the window, sash, or panel is caused to pass
automatically on and off or over and away from the fence rail or plate.
In order that our said invention may be fully understood the means we prefer to
adopt in carrying our improvements into effect are illustrated (for example, as
applied to a railway carriage door) on the accompanying three sheets of explanatory
drawings, which are marked with figures and letters of reference corresponding
with those in the following description.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the inside of a railway carriage door having a fixed

page_text: garnish rail and showing the general arrangements of the several parts, the sash
being shown slightly lowered to enable the bottom portion to be seen.
Figs. 2 comprise enlarged views of portions of the bottom of the sash in Fig. 1,
showing the relative positions of one of the radial plates and one of the rest plates,.
a, being the radial plate and e, the rest plate. In Fig. 1, b, is the weather plate;
c, c, are the two spring sash rests or stops; d, is the tube which extends from one
sash rest to the other; e, e', are the two bottom rest plates; f, f¹, are the two top rest
plates, and r, is the strap plate, », being the strap.
Fig. 3, is an enlarged sectional view of Fig. 1, taken at the line marked X in
that fig. only with the sash shown closed. a, in Figure 3 is one of the radial plates;
b, is the weather plate; c, is one of the spring sash rests; d, is the tube; e, is one
of the bottom rest plates; g, is the lever; h, is the spring; k, is the fence plate ;
m, is one of the lugs of the fence plate; t, is the fence rail; u, the garnish rail;
r, is the strap plate and 1, the strap.
Fig. 4 comprises a front elevation, a side elevation and a plan of a radial
plate.
Fig. 5 comprises a front and a side elevation of a bottom rest plate.
Fig. 6 comprises a front and a side elevation of a top rest plate, and Fig. 7 comprises
a front elevation a side elevation and a plan of a spring sash rest with a portion of
the tube d. g, is the lever, h, the spring, n, the lever pin, o, the spring pin, and
?', one of the pins connected to the tube d.
In carrying out our invention-when applied to a railway carriage door and sash,
for example-we attach to the extreme sides of the bottom portion of the sash two
radial plates a, (made of hard brass or of other hard metal) of the form shown in
Fig. 4 and in the manner shown in Fig. 2. We also so alter an existing fence plate
or construct a new fence plate k, that the lugs m, or projections at each end of
the said plate are of sufficient thickness and of such a shape especially at the radial
parts as to fit accurately into the radial plates a, when necessary.
Instead of the ordinary L plate (as at present fixed on all sashes having to be
lifted over the fence plate) we fix a brass or other metal weather plate b, on the
outside of the sash in such an angular position that the angle of its bottom edge
corresponds with the radius of the radial plates a, and we make the said weather
plate of such a length that while it extends across the sash sufficiently to exclude
all rain moisture or draught when the sash is closed, it passes between the two
lugs m, of the fence plate k, when the sash is lowered.
On the inner face of the garnish rail u, we insert two spring sash rests, made of
brass or of any other suitable metal, of the form shown at Fig. 7, having a movable
lever g, working on a pin n, and actuated by a spring h, moving on a pin o, the
recessed part enclosing the spring being sufficiently deep to enable the lever to be
moved inwards until the radial part of the said lever is in a line with the face of
the case.
To prevent the lever from moving any further outwards than the
required distance a projecting part of such lever impinges against a projecting part
of the case as shown at 1, in Fig. 7.
Between the two spring sash rests we insert a tube d, made of brass or of other
suitable metal, having brazed or otherwise fastened in each of its ends a pin p, the
tube being arranged so as to be free to move round, the pins passing partly through
the radial parts of the levers g, as shown at p, in Fig. 7. While we prefer to use
a tube such as the tube d, it is obvious that, if necessary, a round or other shaped
rod of brass or other suitable material would answer the same purpose; in which
case we should form or construct the pins at each end in a similar manner to that
described.
The aforesaid two spring sash rests are secured to the garnish rail u, by ordinary
wood screws in the manner shown generally at Fig. 1, and in detail at Figs. 3 and 7.
The garnish rail is recessed to receive the tube d, and levers g, as shown at w,
Fig. 3.
On the inner side and at the bottom of the sash in the position shown at e, Fig. 2,
in detail and generally at e, e', in Fig. 1, we fix two bottom rest plates of the form

page_text: shown at Fig. 5; and near the top of the sash in a position shown generally at f, ƒ¹,
Fig. 1, we fix two rest plates of the form shown at Fig. 6.
The movements and action of the various parts of our above described improve-
ments are as follows:-"
-When the sash is being raised for the purpose of being
closed the radial and projecting parts of the levers g, come in contact with the rest
plates e, immediately the radial parts of the radial plates a, commence to travel
round or over the radial parts of the lugs m, and as the radius of the lugs is the
same as the radius of the radial plates a, the sash in its movement upwards is forced
outwards by the action of the springs h, on the levers g, until the weather plate b,
projects over the fence plate k, the faces of the radial plates a, come in close contact
with the faces of the lugs m, and the outer face of the bottom portion of the sash
comes in close contact with the inner face of the fence rail k, and is kept in that
position until it is required to lower the sash by the radial parts of the levers y,
moving by the action of the springs h, into the recesses of the rest plates e, and
the tube d, being connected as above described to the levers g, by the pins ?, the
said tube is carried forward and fits into a groove which we form across the inner
face of the sash and when the sash is closed fills up the intervening space between
the sash and the garnish rail as shown in Fig. 3 and thus effectually excludes
draught. When it is required to lower the sash, as the radial parts of the lugs m,
correspond with the radial parts of the radial plates a, the action of gravitation
tends to cause the sash to move inwards and downwards at the same time and thus
away from the fence plate k, and to describe such a path that the bottom edge of
the weather plate b, does not come in contact with either the top edge or the inside
face of the fence plate k. This inward and downward movement is facilitated by
the formation of the grooves in the door pillars in which the sash moves, as we so
construct them that while the inner edges y, are vertical ones the outer edges, are
further from the inner edges at the point k, than at the top of the door by the
distance the sash moves in passing from a closed position to a partially or fully
opened one, the sash thus having in virtue of its own weight a tendency to swing
inwards towards or against the inner or vertical edges y, of the grooves.
inward and downward movement is prevented only so long as the radial parts of
the levers g, remain in the recesses of the rest plates e, but we form the said radial
parts and recesses with such a radius that a slight downward pressure at the top of
the sash (through the medium of an ordinary flush or other finger lift, such as is
shown at e, in Fig. 1,) applied either at the inside or at the outside of the sash, is
sufficient to cause the radial parts of the levers 9, to move out of the recesses of
the rest plates e, and thus allow the sash to fall or be lowered at will. In case of
the usual strap r, being attached to the sash the action of pulling the strap
inwards would be sufficient to release the levers g, and thereby free the sash.
This
Near the top of the sash we fix two rest plates of the form shown at Fig. 6, in
such a position as shown at f,f', in Fig. 1, that when the sash is as low down as
necessary the radial parts of the levers g, moving into the recesses of the said rest
plates ff, (which they do automatically by the action of the springs h,) prevent
the sash from falling or being lowered any further, thus forming an efficient sash
rest and dispensing with the necessity of having, as now usual, the support for the
sash at the bottom and inside of the door.
Where any system of balanced lift is used to support the sash the introduction of
our above described arrangements enables us to entirely dispense with the strap,
whilst at the same time as the movement over and away from the fence plate is
automatic the sash can be as readily opened from the outside as from the inside of
the carriage as before described, provided an ordinary flush or other finger lift such
as, for example, shown at x, Fig. 1, be attached to the top of the sash, outside as
well as inside.
In our Provisional Specification we stated that if it was necessary we proposed
to so construct the combined rest or stop that while performing the functions
described the action of pulling it forwards caused the said projection to move out
of the said recess and thus free the sash, and at the same time that it could be

page_text: utilized as a stop for the sash strap; but this in practice we have since found is not
of any utility and therefore we do not now include or make any claim to the same
as part of our improvements.
:
Our invention or parts thereof can be advantageously adopted where the garnish
or other rail is what is known as a falling or movable one, and in the following
manner Figs. 8, and 9 are two sectional elevations showing the adaptation of the
various necessary parts of our invention to a falling or movable garnish or other
rail in which a, is one of the radial plates, b, is the weather plate, k, is the fence
plate, m, is one of the lugs of the fence plate, r, is the strap plate, r', the strap; and
s, is the groove or hollow extending across the bottom edge of the sash. Fig. 8
shows the sash in position when it is closed, and Fig. 9 shows it in the act of
descending.
We so construct the top edge of the falling or movable garnish or other rail
that it is of the same radius as the groove or hollow which we form across the
bottom edge of the sash as shown at s, Fig. 9, the said radius being the one struck
from the centre of the trunnion, pivot, pin, or hinge on which the said rail rotates
or moves; we also in the same manner as above described fix two radial plates a,
to the sash and a weather plate. The action is as follows:-as the radius of the
top edge of the said garnish rail and the groove or hollow s, is the same as the one
struck from the centre of the said trunnion or pivot the action of pulling the said
rail forwards liberates the sash without the necessity for the operator lifting the sash
up as at present is the practice, when, as the radius of the radial parts of the
lugs m, is the same as the radius of the radial parts of the radial plates a, the sash
in its descent automatically takes such an inward and downward path that the
weather plate, does not come in contact with the fence plate, but passes between
the two lugs m, of the said plate, and clear of the fence rail, as shown in
Fig. 9, so when the sash has been lifted sufficiently high to enable the garnish or
other movable rail to fall forward into the groove or hollow s, the sash passes
upwards and outwards until the faces of the radial plates a, come in close contact
with the faces of the lugs m; the outer face of the sash comes in close contact with
the inner face of the fence plate k, and the weather plate b, assumes the position
shown in Fig. 8, and thereby effectually excludes all draught or water from entering
the interior of the door or carriage.
The principal parts of our improvements can be made of brass or of any other
suitable material and the whole of the apparatus is so arranged that it can be
readily fitted on to the present kinds of railway carriage, cab, or other doors,
windows, sashes, sliding panels, and the like, at a small cost.
Although we have described our invention as applied to a fixed garnish rail we
can so form the spring sash rests c, that they could if necessary be fixed onto the
door pillars. The length of lever g, is not arbitrary, and the diameter and length
of the tube may be varied according to the necessities of each case; the strength
of spring, the radial parts of the plates a, and the rest plates e, and f, can also be
varied as required.
While this invention can be used as hereinbefore described it can be advan-
tageously applied to any existing system of window balance lift, and when thus
applied it dispenses with the need of a strap and will effectually prevent the
entrance of water from without, also excluding all draught and preventing all
rattling of the sash.
We are aware that similar fence plates with lugs or projections as we have
described have been and are in use and therefore we make no claim to them, but
we would have it understood that according to our invention the lugs we use as
stated must fit accurately into our radial plates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. So constructing and arranging the sashes and sliding panels of railway or

page_text: other carriage doors that the sash, sliding panel, or window, has an automatic
action imparted to it during its upward and outward movement and its inward and
downward movement, the same being due to the peculiar formation of the radial
plates a, and the adaptation thereto of the lugs m, the spring sash rests d, supply-
ing, when necessary, the impetus by the action of the springs h, on the levers a,
the sash being so fitted that it can be as readily opened and closed from the outside
as from the inside of the carriage; all substantially as hereinbefore described and
as illustrated on the accompanying drawings.
2. The construction and peculiar formation of the radial plates a, the rest
plates e, and, the weather plate 6, (for excluding water and draught) and the
position in which it.is fixed; the spring sash rests c, the levers, the springs h,
and the tube d, (for excluding draught) all being combined for the objects or
purposes set forth, and being fitted and secured substantially as described and as
illustrated on the accompanying drawings.
3. The advantageous application of our said improvements to and use with any
existing system of falling or movable garnish or other rail as also to any existing
system of window or sash balance lift or spring support, the sash being so fitted as
to be capable of being opened and closed from the outside as readily as from the
inside of the carriage, dispensing with the ordinary sash lifting strap, also dis-
pensing with the need of any support for the sash at the bottom of the carriage
door and preventing all rattling of the sash.
Dated this 19th day of June 1891.
BRISTOW HUNT, R.P.A.,
Aldine Chambers, Sheffield, Agent for the Applicants.