IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBING
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES.
Roose, of Darlaston, in the County of Stafford, Tube Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM HADEN RICHARDSON, the younger, of the same place, Tube Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the eleventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Roose and William Haden Richardson, our exors, admors, and
assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we,
the said James Roose and William Haden Richardson, our exors, adñiors,.
and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Roose and William Haden
Richardson, our exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBING;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that we, the said James. Roose and William
Haden Richardson, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the
66

page_text: nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
James Roose and William Haden Richardson, do hereby declare that the
nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be
performed, are fully described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our improvements consist in the manufacture of brass and copper tubes
or tubes of alloys of metal without scam or joint, by casting the metal into
short thick tubes and rolling them through a pair or more of grooved rolls
on a mandril to the length and diameter required. The tubes are first formed
by casting them in short thick lengths (a process practised and well under-
stood), the length and external diameter depending upon the tubes required
when finished. Tho internal diameter will be the same from the casting, or
nearly so, as the tubes will be when finished. After having cleansed the
external and internal surfaces of these short thick tubes from any excresences
that may have adhered thereto, and also rubbed the inside thereof with some
fatty substance which will assist the process of manufacture, these short
thick tubes are then taken to the machine for the purpose of elongation.
The machine consists of employing a pair or more of grooved rolls,
similar to those used for the purpose of rolling bars or rods of iron,
with the addition of a revolving roller or rollers placed at the front
of the rolls and other revolving rollers immediately behind, having grooves
corresponding with those in the rolls of the machine, which will revolve
as the tubes pass over or through the revolving rollers before and behind,
thus causing the tubes to be guided into the grooves of the rolls in the
machine supporting them, and making them pass through steadily. And
the Invention also consists of the mode of connecting the mandril with the
moving instrument of a draw-bench. A mandril or cylindrical rod of steel a
is inserted in these short thick tubes, filling up entirely the bore thereof.
The tubes with the mandril inside are then passed through a groove in the
rolls, thus causing them to be elongated, and the external diameter reduced
at one and the same time of their passing through the rolls. The partly

page_text: It
finished tubes are then passed through other grooves in the rolls (the grooves
of such rolls decreasing in circumference. till the tubes have attained.their
required length and are reduced to their required thickness and diameter.
will be found necessary, between the times of passing the tubes through the
rolls, to anneal or soften the metal of which they are composed, for the purpose
of facilitating the manufacture thereof, and prevent it from splitting or crack-
ing, the mandril being taken out during such process of annealing. The
number of times the annealing operation will have to be performed will
depend upon the extent of working the metal of which the tubes is composed
will have to undergo for elongation or reduction of diameter or thickness.
The ordinary oven, muffle, or furnace may be used for this purpose.
In con-
sequence of the very great compression the tubes are subjected to (with the
mandril inside) whilst passing through the rolls they will remain firmly on
the mandril. The tubes, therefore (with the mandril inside), are conveyed
to a draw-bench worked by suitable gearing with an endless chain 6, or other-
wise, and the mandril a being firmly attached thereto, and the end of the
tube not quite reaching to the end of the mandril, lodges or buts against a
die c, or stop, a hook or grip firmly taking hold of the chain of the draw-
bench, which being set in motion pulls the mandril from inside of the tube,
as is well understood when drawing out mandrils from tubes made by draw-
ing through fixed dies, But according to this Invention the making a slot
in the mandril and affixing the end d by a key or cotter, as shewn, is new, as
a means of connecting the mandril with the chain or other moving instrument
of a draw-bench. We would remark, that the use of brass and copper tubes
now being so generally used for the flues of locomotive and marine boilers, it
is of great importance that the pores and fibres of the metal of which such
tubes are composed should be as perfectly united as possible, the metal
becoming more dense and causing them to wear longer. It is to these impor-
tant advantages our attention has been directed, and it will be quite evident
that our mode of manufacture, videlicit, by employing groved rolls with
supporting rollers or surfaces, as shewn, and combining therewith the mode
of using a draw-bench to remove the mandrils, will offer great advantages
over the drawing processes heretofore resorted to, as the metal will be more
compressed and condensed by the use of the rolls as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Haden Richardson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight.
WILLIAM HADEN (L.S.) RICHARDSON, Jun'.
.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of December, in
the year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid William Haden Richardson came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand cight hundred and forty-eight.