Twisting, Doubling, and Winding Yarns or Threads.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Apr., 1887
Specification Accepted, 20th Dec., 1887
Twisting, Doubling, and Winding Yarns or Threads.
We, JULES FAYOLLET of 43 Rue Turbigo Civil Engineer EDOUAD DERVIEU of
51 rue de Provence Banker and JEAN VAN DER ZEE of 26 rue Chaptal Gentleman all
of Paris in the Republic of France do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our Invention relates to important improvements in machinery for spinning textile
materials and twisting doubling and winding yarns and threads as hereinafter
described, these improvements being applicable singly or in combination and con-
stituting together a new throstle frame which may be substituted with great advantage
for all descriptions of spinning frames now in use and in particular for the important
class of self acting mules or self actors at present generally employed by cotton wool
and silk waste spinners.
Yarns and threads require to be made of different degrees of coarseness and
fineness being smooth or fluffy loose and open or tight and hard according to the
requirements of the trade such differences being peculiarly marked in the case of
warps and wefts.
All these varieties excepting the tightly twisted or hard threads have heretofore
been produced solely upon fraines of the mule class now become the self actors of
modern spinning with cotton, wool silk waste and some other varieties of textile
materials.
These frames possess the additional advantage of forming cylindro-conical cops or
bobbins which are particularly well adapted for the subsequent processes of winding
and weaving as well as for packing and transport.
These advantages of the self actor are however diminished owing to a serious defect
from the point of view of economy in the expense of manufacture and first outlay a
defect resulting from the intermittent action of these machines, their actual production
being limited by the fact that on an average only about 60 per cent of the time is
employed in the actual production of thread; the remaining 40 per cent being
absorbed by the mechanical operation of the winding.

page_text: Our improvements which are in great part applicable to continuous or throstle
frames generally employed for spinning doubling twisting and winding textile
materials and singly for the same purposes, to self actors and mule frames and which
modify the action thereof thus advantageously, have for their chief object constituting
a new throstle frame enabling us to do with success on a throstle that which it has
heretofore only been possible to do on a mule frame and on self actors.
They consequently enable us to solve a magnificent problem with regard to its
economic results and to the present expenses and outlays of cotton and other mills.
The new continuous or throstle frames resulting from the introduction of our
improvements enable us to obtain per spindle according to the Numbers or counts of
thread and for equivalent Numbers and counts a production at least double that of a
self actor and the yarns or threads are better made and better wound.
We will describe these several improvements in the consecutive order of the
functions or processes performed in a spinning machine that is to say the drawing,
the twisting and the winding of the yarn or thread.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood. We will now
proceed particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is an elevation partly in section, the
section being taken along the line 3-4 figure 2, of a throstle frame provided with
our improvements. Figure 2 is a plan of one half or end of the frame partly in
section the section being taken at the level of the driving and expanding pulleys.
The remaining figures illustrate in detail the various improved parts constituting our
improved system of spinning machine.
Our improvements in the devices employed in performing this operation relate
principally to certain novel means which we employ for directing the pressure on the
drawing rollers for rendering it elastic and constant and for taking it off during
the stoppages. We will also describe a special manner of presenting the product of
the drawing to the devices for effecting thetorsion.
The parts employed to apply pressure to the drawing rollers are represented in
figures 1 and 3 of the drawing. It is necessary that this pressure on the top
rollers B B should be directed in such a manner that these rollers may not press at
all or as little as possible at their extremities against their guides A A¹. Owing to a
defective application of the pressing devices as heretofore employed these extremities.
are exposed to considerable friction whereby they become worn away so as to cause
the rollers B B¹ to fail to cut properly with the fluted rollers F F whence result bad
drawings and uneven thread.
In order to obviate this disadvantage we pass the extremities of the pressing
hooks C through eyes E E in the frame and by these means obtain the required
constant direction of the pressure. These eyes are bushed with some hard or
hardened material such for example as glass or hard steel. The pressing or top
rollers being thus relieved of restraint produce good drawings, and as they are not
liable to slip on the fluted rollers their elastic coverings keep smooth and do not
make so much waste the uniformity of the thread being at the same time better
maintained.
In order to obtain an elastic and constant pressure the weight G is suspended by
rods K K¹ (fig. 3) connected with the interposition of springs L', rubber blocks L, or
in any other suitable manner from flexible levers M M engaging at their extremities
with links N¹ N¹ connecting the whole system with the pressing hooks CC being
provided at their upper extremities with elastic hooks as shown in the drawing which
can be readily disconnected from the hooks C C¹.
In order to take off the pressure during stoppages for the purpose of preventing

page_text: the top rollers from becoming flattened and indented by remaining stationary and
under pressure on the fluted rollers two bars 0 0₁ are provided underneath the
weights G figure 1 3 and 4 being connected at their extremities by cross pieces at 011
or by being made all in one. At O the bars 0 0¹ are connected to a screwed
shaft T on which the boss of a hand wheel U works as a nut. This nut is retained
laterally but the shaft T is capable of motion in the direction of its axis so that by
turning the hand wheel in different directions the shaft T and bars 0 0¹ can be
shifted to the right or to the left. The bars O. 0' carry notched plates P P¹ provided
with inclines corresponding with each weight as indicated in figure 4. S is a board
resting on the frame and provided on its under side with two ledges or battens R R¹
likewise provided with inclines which are presented to the weights on the side
opposite to that acted on by the plates P P₁. In order to take off the pressure the
hand wheel U is turned in such a manner as to draw the bars 00' and inclines P P¹ to
the left. The said inclines then come in contact with the undersides of the weights G
and tend to push them over in the same direction but the upper sides of the weights
are stopped by coming in contact with the battens R so that the weights are caused
to rock on their centres in the bearings K K' (figures 3 and 4). This has the effect
of lifting the weights and entirely removing the pressure which they exerted on the
top drawing rollers. By turning the hand wheel in the opposite direction the
parts are returned to their original position and the weights act upon the rollers as
before.
To diminish the effort required to work the hand wheel U the screwed boss or nut
may be connected to a worm wheel U driven by a worm X and hand wheel Y as
indicated in dotted lines in figure 3.
With regard to the production on the self actors of the different classes of thread
herein before referred to it will be seen that the direction of the thread or sliver
proceeding from the drawing rollers relatively to the plane tangential to all the rollers
plays an important part in the twisting, it being sometimes necessary that the thread
should be twisted right up to where the delivery rollers meet and at other times to
prevent the twisting from extending too suddenly up to the line of contact between
the rollers or even to prevent it altogether from extending so far.
In order to comply with these conditions we employ a series of small supplementary
rollers Z figures 3 and 4 covered with cloth and leather where they act upon the
slivers and working in contact with the fluted rollers F" being driven by the latter
or the small supplementary cylinders being connected in divisions and extending
from one end of the machine to the other may be driven independently. These rollers
may be smooth or fluted or winged according to the nature of the materials under
treatment. The said rollers are adjusted at a suitable distance from the fluted
delivery rollers F" and are driven at a higher peripheral speed than the latter. This
arrangement causes the slivers to be rubbed as they issue from between the delivery
rollers pressing them down more or less according to the interval left between Z
and F and becomes an efficacious auxiliary in obtaining the result hereinafter more
fully set forth in describing the parts connected with the twisting. The rollers Z are
covered with suitable dust caps.
The said supplementary rollers Z are applied as follows.
1. Arrangement in which roller Z is in contact with roller F".
To the guide frame of the top rollers B B¹ a bar Z" is pivoted at Z' being cast in
one with two arms Z carrying at their lower extremities the small rollers Z
arranged to act on four threads. A blade spring B attached to an arm of the
frame A A imparts the required pressure through the bar Z to the roller Z and
admits of the frame carrying the roller Z being turned up bodily on the pivot Z' so
that the rollers Z are brought over the arms A A².
2. Arrangement in which roller Z is at a distance from roller F".
A similar frame serves to carry the entire roller Z and to adjust it at the required
distance from the roller F. The gear wheels driving the roller Z are arranged at
the two extremities of the latter at the ends of the frame.

page_text: The devices employed in performing this operation are as follows.
1. Undulated or waved distributing plates capable of oscillating and of various
forms arranged between the delivery drawing roller and the spindles.
2. Twisting devices with flexible and elastic action working on the same axes as
the spindles.
3. Thread guides with circular motion and drivers.
4. Moveable thread guides.
The plates we have mentioned are represented in sections elevations and plan in
figures 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 4 and 9.
The central lines of their undulations A* figures 4 and 9 are situated in the same
vertical plane as the axes of the spindles. In the bottom of each undulation or
channel A there provided a hook a near the upper end and an eye a¹ at the lower
end made of smooth or enamelled metal or glass. This arrangement may be inverted
or hooks or eyes may be provided both at the upper and at the lower end of the
channel. There is one plate between two roller supports b. The corresponding
interval usually eontains 8 spindles so that each plate is provided with 8 similar
channels A each plate being provided at its extremities with plates A" each provided
with 2 adjusting screws AI.
The plates A are hinged to the ends of bars 6 passed through the lower part of
the supports b being moveable in the direction of their axes only so as to enable the
plates A (figure 1, 3, 4 and 9) to be set forwards or backwards as required. These
plates are provided at the middle or centre of their length with an eye or loop c
figure 3 to which is attached a cord connected to a small weight c¹ being carried over a
pulley placed under the frame. This weight balances the plate A° when free to
oscillate.
The plates A are made of thin but strong metal such as sheet iron or steel and
should be very smooth and of contrary shade or colour to the thread. According to
circumstances the channels A* figures 4 and 9 may be formed either upon or in
the plates A°.
In certain cases as indicated in figures 7 and 8 the small roller Z figure 3 is dis-
pensed with and in the space thus enlarged between the fluted roller F and the
plates A we arrange one or more rods or bars e which may be either fixed or partake
of a circular motion. Sometimes we arrange two or three rows of iron wires el ell
(figure 8) upon the plates Aº.
The improved twisting devices with flexible and elastic action are formed as follows,
a cup E (figure 1, 10 and 12) with a bottom E¹ carries an extension projecting into
a barrel E The latter turns freely upon the driver of the spindle hereinafter
described. Underneath the bottom E there is attached a disc K of wood, leather or
other suitable material fitted with rows of brushes. In the interior of E above the
bottom E¹ is slidden a small tube F externally to E at F there are soldered_two
small plates F provided with pins F which engage in slots formed in the tube F so
that the latter can rise and fall but is incapable of rotating independently of the
cup E. A plate G provided with a barrel G¹ turns freely upon the barrel E" and
carries at its lower part a ring G₁ of hard steel bevelled on the outer side; the
barrel E rests upon the inner edge of this ring which acts as a socket. Above the
plate G there are as many or more blades or arms G¹ as there are brushes K. A
plate H is capable of axial or longitudinal motion on the barrel G¹ but is compelled to
partake of the rotary movements of the latter and I is a cup rigidly connected to the
barrel G. Between the plate H and the bottom of the cup I there is placed a helical
or spiral metallic spring J which tends to push the plate H towards G so that an
object placed between them is nipped with a force corresponding to the strength of
the spring J and if a rectilinear motion be communicated to the said object it will be
transmitted to the plates G and H causing them to revolve.

page_text: Inese plates may be covered with rubber leather or other suitable elastic material
in order to increase the friction of the object engaged between them.
The tube F carries two pins N, fig. 10 which project into recesses N" on the
cup E. These pins form pivots engaging with eyes formed at the extremities of two
spring wires 0 0¹ of tempered steel bent so as to form eyes at 0" 0" (or these eyes
may be joined on) and lying in notches in a small ring P to which they are
soldered. These wires then unite at Q (figure 10) one of them being prolonged in
the form of an eye Q. The ring P" contains a small copper spring and is passed
over the top end of the spindle.
It will be seen that when the parts PQ Q¹ are lifted until P₁ is clear of the
spindle, the tube F is caused to rise, also so that all the parts marked 0 0 0 1 pu
QQ can be rocked on the pins N' on the cup E.
Levers L figures 12 and 13 are pivoted on an axis L' and are provided with a
circular opening through which the cop can pass. This opening is surrounded by a
raised rim M cast on the lever or formed by a ring of cast iron, steel, anti-friction
metal, glass, enamelled metal, or porcelain attached to the levers. These levers can be
turned out of the way on the axis L' for the purpose of getting at broken ends being
retained in position by blade springs L" provided with the object of enabling the
front ends of the levers L to be lowered. The turned up end L of the spring L"
limits the descent of the external part of the lever L. On the top of the circular part
of M slide two double armed thread guides M M" figure 14. The guide M¹ engages
with the wire O¹ and rotates therewith the guide M2 acts as a stretcher for the thread
which it conducts to the cop. The guides M¹ M" may be made of steel or copper
wire or sheet metal hent to shape or of any other suitable material. Their action and
certain modified forms are hereinafter described.
Figures 1, 12, 15, 16, 20, 21 and 22 show a thread guide N in elevation and in
plan in different positions. One such guide is provided to each spindle being hinged
at P to a support capable of turning on an axis P. On leaving the rollers B₁
(figure 3) the thread passes under the hooks a a¹ (figure 4) on the plates A through
the eye of the adjustable guide N and through the eye Q¹ of the driver O¹ of the
guides M M which present it to the cop in course of formation on the
spindle. M', M" are thread guides with circular motion and 0' 0" are their drivers.
In the foregoing description it is assumed that the cop spindle does the winding
but the winding may be effected by means of the thread guides M¹ M" according to
the numbers of the products.
3. WINDING.
The winding of the thread upon the spindle is caused by the difference between the
speed of rotation of the spindle A (figures 10 and 12) and the uniform speed of the
thread guide M (figure 14).
The spindle A turns faster than the thread guide M¹ but the speed of A varies
according to the different diameters of different parts of the cop that is built up upon
it. The thread requiring to be always taken up at the same rate of speed the speed of
rotation of the spindle must be changed according to the different diameters of the
zones whereon the thread is being wound.
These variable speeds are communicated to the spindle by the wharves A" figure 10
as hereinafter described.
At
All the spindles on one side of the frame are carried by a rail B. An iron tube B¹
figure 10 is connected by a screwed socket B" fixed in the rail B by nuts B³ B.
the upper part of the tube B¹is fixed a smaller tube B' of anti friction or other suitable
metal which acts as a support and forms a collar.
At the lower part of B there is a small ring Be of hard steel. The lower end of
the tube B' is closed by a cast metal plug Cinto which is screwed a pin C¹ hardened
at the upper end forming the bearing for the heel of the spindle A which is further
supported by a brass socket C" of spherical form bearing against a cylindrical
guide in which it is free to rock and affording an effectual support to the foot of
the spindle. The part C is moveable parallel to its axis and rests upon the part C.

page_text: A barrel D connected to a plate D¹ provided with blades works inside the tube B
the end of this barrel D to which the tube B³ forms a collar rests upon the small ring B
which acts as a socket. To the plate D' is attached a tube D¹¹ which encloses the
tube B without touching it. On the tube D is fixed the box of a plate A¹ connected
as regards circular motion with the plate A" the latter being free to move in the
direction of its axis. A cup A³ is connected to the plate A¹ and carries a spring
which presses against the plate Al and presses the latter towards the plate A'. Lastly
the spindle A which passes freely through the barrel D of the plate D¹ carries a cup.
and in the interior of L there is a disc L' of wood, leather or other suitable material
provided with rows of brushes corresponding to a similar number of blades on the
plate D. The number of these blades may however be greater or less than that of
the rows of brushes.
I
The tube M attached to the plate A' serves to prevent the lubricating oil from
leaking out and at the same time to support the steel ring M¹ which acts as a socket or
bearing for the barrel G¹.
Any suitable materials may be employed in the construction of these parts and the
plates A' AG. H (figure 10) are provided with caps of caoutchouc, leather or other
suitable material.
In the flexible and elastic drivers formed by the blades and brushes L' D' K and G¹¹¹
figure 10 any other suitable flexible and elastic agent may be substituted for the
brushes such as flat or blade springs, coiled or spiral metallic springs parchment paper
or the like. These blades and elastic agents acting thereon may be arranged on
vertical surfaces as described in the complete specification accompanying our former
application for Letters Patent dated January 26th 1887 No. 1253 and relating to
spindle bearings of roving or bobbin frames &c.
The force with which the spindle is driven may be regulated by adjusting the
relative position of the blades D₁ and Brushes L' with this object a raising or lowering
of the spindle driven by the disc L is effected by the screw C¹.
In order to prevent the screw from shifting a stop G is employed being arranged
to slide between the ring G and the plug C so that its end may engage with one of
the holes formed for the purpose in the head of the screw (.
The relative positions of the blades G and the brushes K or their equivalents may
be adjusted by shifting the ring F¹ upwards or downwards.
The continuous lubrication of the spindle A and barrel G G¹ is provided for by the
means indicated in the drawing or by equivalent arrangements.
In order to give the oil a tendency to rise towards the collar of the spindle we
introduce into the hollow part in the tube B' another tube H' of wood inside which
we place a belcial spring of brass copper or other material of round or rectangular
section in the interstices of which the oil is expelled in the direction of the
upper part of the collar B³.
By means of a special arrangement at this part
of B the oil in excess is directed into the barrel G G¹ and serves to lubricate the
same.
With this object a small ring or projection which closes or fills the space between B
and the barrel is provided on B near the upper end thereof and between it and the
barrel of D. A reservoir is thus formed above the ring for the oil which overflows
from B. Opposite this cup or reservoir there are one or more small openings in the
barrel attached to the plate D¹ enabling the oil to flow through it and enter the
tube D thus contributing to its lubrication. Figure 10 drawn to a larger scale
illustrates this arrangement. A small ring D³ is placed on the upper end of the
collar or tube B and closes the upper part of the space between the tube B and the
tube D". The oil which overflows at the upper end of the tube B' having no other
outlet passes through holes D formed at this point in the tube D" and penetrates
between the tube and the barrel E" thus lubricating the latter.
We will now proceed to describe the means to be employed for stopping the spindles
for the purpose of attaching the ends the doffing of the full cops and the winding on
of the fresh ends for making the next cops, also for stopping the motion of the twisting
.devices and spindles on the stoppage of the machine.

page_text: 1. STOPPING THE SPINDLES.
1. We have already described with reference to figure 10 the employment of a
spherical socket ( resting on the cylindrical guide (. A bush or sleeve J having
a conical hole corresponding with the coned part J' of the spindle rests upon the top
of the socket (". Between the cylindrical guide (and the lever J" are engaged
two pins J (one of which is shown in dotted lines in figure 10) sliding inside the
ring G (figure 10).
The lower end of a bent rod K (figures 1 and 12) passes through an eye in the end
of a lever J" and is provided underneath the lever with a belcial spring engaged
between two pins and washers. At a point higher up the rod K passes through an
eye on the end of a double lever K" figs. 1 and 12 arranged with one arm facing a
ring attached to the tube B' the opposite end of the said lever being traversed by the
rod K resting on a washer connected by a pin to the rod K. Further up on the rod K
there is arranged a conical washer K³ resting on a spring K which can be lifted by a
washer M' a flat spring K, terminating in a hook is attached to this washer M³.
All the mechanism connected with the drivers is enclosed in the case formed by the
rail B a cover U and two sides or panels U U" (Figures 1 and 12). Underneath
the cover U is pivoted a brake lever L L Figures 12 and 17 turning on a stud
being pressed against the washer K³ by a spring not shown in the drawing acting on
the lever at L' (Figure 17).
When the operative requires to stop the spindle in order to pick up a broken end on
the bobbin in order to reconnect it she lowers the lever K" on the right until the hook
on the spring K rests upon the top edge of the cover U, the left hand end of the
lever K having lifted the rod K. The following action then takes place.
The lever J being pushed by the spring K' has lifted, by the pins J₁ Figures 10
and 12 the ring C and socket C as well as the ring J against which presses the
spring J. The conical hole in the ring J then presses against the conical part of the
spindle and stops the latter.
On the other hand the conical washer K³ being likewise lifted presses against one
arm L of the brake lever (Figures 12 and 17) and causes the arm L³ to press against
the cup E. By these means the parts 010 and E are stopped simultaneously or
otherwise according to the adjustment by the effect produced on the elastic drivers
(Figures 10 and 12).
STARTING THE SPINDLE AND DRIVERS 0' 0¹
The thread guide plates N adjustable as to their position (Figure 12) have the
eyes P¹ fixed to rods with heads or enlargements passing through holes in the
plates N which are of wood or other suitable material. In each hole, between
the enlargement or shoulder and the plate P of the hinge which closes it is a helical
spring P³ By pressing on the eye the rod or stem which carries it is pushed out
towards the double lever M³ the. eye returns to its place when the pressure is removed.
The rod K extends up to a point near the thread guide P and is enclosed in a
tube N¹ (figure 18). An iron wire N" N³ is bent around it in two or three turns
acting as collars at the upper and lower part the wire being carried down externally
at Ni
along the side of the tube and bent at the lower part at N³ over a fixed plate
which forms a continuation of the cover U (Figure 12) as indicated in Figure 11.
N' is a hook under which the end N³ passes in order to prevent the tube N¹ from
rising.
When the operative threads the end through the eye P¹ to make the connection of
the thread against the drawing rollers she presses on the eye and moves the arms of
the double lever M³ in the direction of the arrows Figure 12-The lower arm of the
lever M³ then presses against the wire N" (figure 11) and the end N³ moves in the
direction of the arrow in fig. 11, the hook of the spring K is pushed back by
the end N and disengaged from the plate or cover U.the weight of the bar K draws

page_text: all the parts back to their original position and the spindles and circular thread
guides M¹ M" (figure 14) are again set in motion.
On rods fixed to the supports of the double levers M³ (figures 1 and 12) are placed
undulated and perforated metal plates M7 (figures 12 & 13) arranged behind the rows
of bobbins the form and arrangement of the perforations are determined by the
nature of the textile, materials and of the thread that is to be produced-They serve
for the escape of the currents of air formed by the rotation of the bobbins and
carrying the dust and particles of fibre which are detached from the threads.
all the parts back to their original position and the spindles and circular thread
guides M M" (figure 14) are again set in motion.
On rods fixed to the supports of the double levers M³ (figures 1 and 12) are placed
undulated and perforated metal plates M7 (figures 12 & 13) arranged behind the rows
of bobbins the form and arrangement of the perforations are determined by the
nature of the textile, materials and of the thread that is to be produced-They serve
for the escape of the currents of air formed by the rotation of the bobbins and
carrying the dust and particles of fibre which are detached from the threads.
DOFFING THE BOBBINS AND STARTING THE WINDING.
The doffing or removal of the finished bobbins or cops and the starting of the
winding by coiling a few turns or layers of thread on the lower part of the spindles in
order to commence filling the fresh bobbins are performed as on self actors in the
usual manner.
When the bobbins are full and completed they are lowered together with all the
twisting and winding devices hereinbefore described into the position indicated in
figure 19 after which and before commencing the doffing they are raised to the
position indicated in figure 15 by reversing the motion of the parts used for lowering
them and which are hereinafter described.
On each side of the frame there is provided a hollow shaft P Figures 1. 20 and 21
within which is another shaft P¹ supported at suitable intervals by guides formed on
the interior of the hollow shaft P.
.
Facing each spindle there is a thread guide plate N of wood or other material
(figures 15. 16. 20 and 21). These plates are connected by hinges P₁ to iron
plates P8 connected to arms Pill traversed by adjusting screws P¹³ and provided at
the upper part with hinges P4 fig. 21 to which are attached closing plates P5 held
against the beam P6 (supporting the drawing rollers) by springs P' figure 21.
On the other hand sheet metal troughs Q (figures 1, 20 and 21) provided with as
many notches as there are spindles are arranged underneath the thread guides N
along the row of spindles-When the doffing or removal of the bobbins or cops is
not going on the trough Q is pushed back relatively to the position shown in figure 20.
The said trough is attached to stems Q₁ capable of sliding longitudinally or in the
direction of their axes in oscillating supports Q₁ having an extension Q. At the
side of each oscillating support Qu there is provided on the hollow shaft P (figures 20
and 21) a fork Q the legs of which embrace a stud on the stem Q₁ so that the
movements of the fork Q are communicated to the said stem.
Figures 20 and 20° represent respectively a side and end elevation (the latter being
partly in section) of this part of the mechanism. On referring to these figures it will
be seen that the arms Pil are carried by bosses P9 fixed on the hollow shaft P and
connected to transverse bars or plates P8. These bars P8 are consequently rigidly
connected to and move with the hollow shaft P. The forks Q are loose or free to
turn upon the hollow shaft P and are connected to the internal or solid shaft P¹ by
pins Plo which pass through slots P" in the shaft P. The forks Q are consequently
caused to move with the solid shaft P¹ the slots being of sufficient length to admit of
the required movements of the shafts. By means of this arrangement the thread
guides N can be shifted by turning the hollow shaft P and the movements of the
inner or solid shaft P₁ are transmitted to the troughs Q by means of the slidingrods Q¹.
R' figures 20 and 21 is a shaft likewise extending the whole length of the machine
and also carrying for every 15 to 20 spindles a double lever R" with a counter weight.
The right hand arm of this lever is jointed to a rod or bar R¹ guided by links or
radius bars at R-Iron wires or small brass or copper tubes extending as far as the
spindles pass through the bars Rat R³.
When the bobbins are raised to the ends of the spindles the latter must be
disengaged from the drivers 0¹ 0' figures 10 and 12 and the thread guide plates N
The iron
must be raised (figures 20 & 21) so as to make a passage for the bobbins.
wire R and consequently the bar R₁ are then released as hereinafter explained and

page_text: are thrown up by the action of the counterweights. The thread can be unwound
from the bobbins by turning the spindles in the reverse direction by a hand wheel on
the driving shaft or by means of a worm and worm wheel whose movements are
limited by an adjustable stop the parts being. then in the positions indicated in
figures 15 and 21. The bobbins are then raised nearly one inch and by rotating them
in the right direction a few turns of thread are wound thereon. The tension of the
thread draws down the wire at R³ which gradually resumes the position indicated in
figure 20-The bobbins are then removed and a fresh operation is commenced.
These various movements are produced by the aid of the mechanism illustrated in
figure 22 which represents in elevation and partly in section the part of the frame
underneath the drawing rollers and in figures 23 and 24 which represent side elevations
of certain parts shown in front elevation in figure 22.
The shafts P P figure 22 have been described with reference to figures 15, 20
20, 20 and 21. At one extremity of the machine opposite to that at which the
driving pulleys are placed there are provided levers S and S¹ fixed on the inner
shafts P and on the hollow shafts P are similar levers S₁ S, the lever S¹¹ on the
left hand being concealed by the lever S. A hand wheel S₁ capable of turning freely
on a stationary shaft or axis is connected at S and S with two connecting rods $7
and S pointed to the ends of levers S and S¹.
.
Loose on the axis of the wheel S4 is a disc T having a boss on which is hinged a
lever handle T capable of engaging with notches in a catch plate or segment T
attached to the frame of the machine. A flat spring presses the lever T₁ against the
segment T (figure 24) The disc T is connected to two connecting rods Ti and T4
the other extremities of which are jointed to the levers S and S.
The two discs To and T6 situated in the same plane as the disc T are fixed on the
ends of shafts R¹ and are connected with the disc T by. leather straps T7 T8. The
parts marked N. P Q. Q Q Q Q and R' have been described with reference to
figures 15, 20 and 21.
A worm and worm wheel arrangement may be substituted for the hand wheel S*
dise T and lever handle T¹ as indicated by dotted lines in figure 22. The devices
serving to produce the displacement of the wires R³ hereinbefore referred to may also
be modified as indicated in figures 22 and 23..
With this object we fix on the shafts R¹ sectors or segments W which are connected
by cords or lashes W¹ to guides W" in which slide rods Will resting on rollers W
and connected at their upper extremities to the said wires R The segments W by
winding up a portion of the cord or lash W₁ transmit motion to the wires R
The oscillating supports Q may be pulled to their bearings by suitable springs.
By the aid of these instrumentalities the operative turning the hand wheel S4 in
the same direction as the hands of a watch until it bears against an adjustable stop
acts upon the levers S S' on the shaft P¹ through the rods S7 S8 and pushes forwards
the troughs Quntil they come under the shoulders of the drivers O, O'. Then taking
hold of the handle of the lever T¹ and drawing it towards herself she disengages this
lever from a notch in the catch plate and pushes it over to the right hand notch
into which it is caused. to enter by the action of the flat spring hereinbefore
described.
The connecting rods T T which have followed or partaken of this movement
communicate it to the levers S1 and S1 fixed on the hollow shaft P and the guide
plates N rise. The arms P¹ descend with their adjusting screws. The screws at a
given point come in contact with the prolongation Q on Q depressing it thereby
causing the troughs Q to rise and consequently laying hold of and lifting the heads
of the drivers O. 0' off the spindles.
The operative then turns the hand wheel S₁ in the opposite direction to the first
thus putting back the troughs Q and bringing them into the position indicated in
igure 15.
All the parts are then in the proper position for doffing the cops or bobbins. This
being done and the ends being attached to the spindles The operative again turns

page_text: the hand wheel in the direction of the first movement and consequently advances the
troughs bringing the heads of the drivers over the spindles. The lever T is then
caused to engage with the left hand notch in the segment thereby lowering the thread
guide plate N and the oscillating supports Q the troughs Q forming part of the
head Q. Q partake of this motion and the heads P" QQ engage with the spindles.
Then turning the wheel in the opposite direction the operative brings back the
troughs to their point of departure, the cords T T communicate movement from the
lever T to the plates T5 T6 and ensure the lowering of the iron wires R³.
The machine is then ready to recommence working.
In order to stop the machine suddenly and immediately arrest the motion of the
spindles and drivers which is of capital importance in order to avoid injury and
breakage of the threads the bent rods K figure 25 are caused to press on a bar y of
angle iron for example extending along the line of spindles. This bar is capable of
rocking on the end of a double lever y y arranged near the driving pulleys as shown
in the front and side views of the apparatus in figures 25 and 26-Between the axis
of the double lever and the bar y there passes a rod y provided at the lower end with
a belical spring y' on which rests the left hand end of y y on the other hand at the
upper part y is connected to the lever y" moveable on a stud fixed to the support y¹,
y12 is an axis as long as y with levers supporting y.
At the extremity of the lever y¹¹ is suspended a rod y' made in one with or rigidly
connected to the rack y6. The support V4 fixed to the frame is traversed by an axis
carrying at one extremity a fly wheel or a lever V and at the other extremity an
excentric V engaged between the claws of the belt fork V₁ bolted to a bar V
capable of moving in the direction of its length-On the barrel of V4 is mounted
loosely a lever V8 provided with an arm V10 jointed at the end with a pawl V-V is
an adjustable guide stud or stop. An arm'V' carrying an adjustable screw is connected
with the excentric V₁ the support y' is attached to the spindle rail B and moves with
the same.
To stop the machine the belt is transferred from the fast pulley V to the loose
pulley V bis, by a half turn of the hand wheel V' and excentric or cam V. The
arm V' partakes of this movement and at a given point its adjustable screw acts upon
the arm V10 which moves the lever V8 and raises the pawl V. The inclined side of
the latter comes in contact with the stud V6 and the pawl tooth is consequently moved
in the direction indicated by the arrow towards y6 and engages with the rack. It will
be observed that all parts of the rack face are presented to the pawl by the movements
of the rack. When the pawl has engaged with the rack y the latter rises drawing
with it the rod y', lever y¹¹, rod y lever y y and finally the bar y which pushes up the
bent rods K thereby bringing into action the friction or brake arrangements herein-
before described. When the belt is replaced on the fast pulley V the brakes are
taken off by the descent of y and of the rods K.
It now remains for us to describe the parts serving to transmit motion to the three
parts of the machine hereinbefore described, performing respectively the functions of
drawing twisting and winding.
These transmissions of motion derived from the driving shaft of the machine may
be classified as follows:-
1 Drawing motion.
2 Continuous twisting motion.
3 Variable winding motion.
4 New system of communicating motion to the drivers.
5 Flexible and elastic drivers of the twisting and winding devices.
6 Gradual lowering motion of the bobbins during their formation.
7 Alternating vertical motion of the thread' guides for arranging the layers of
thread upon the bobbin.
1. The transmission of motion to the drawing rollers is effected by means of toothed
gearing in the usual manner.
2. The continuous motion communicated to the twisting apparatus proceeds from

page_text: the pulley A fixed upon the driving shaft A as represented in sectional elevation
(along the line 1-2 figure 2) in fig. 27 and in plan in figure 28 of the annexed
drawing. The motion is transmitted by belting to the pulleys A' A8 which rotate
in a horizontal plane. The belt passes over guide pulleys A* A°°A° and returns in the
5 front round the pulleys A' A³.
Two slides B B1, B2 B3 capable of moving between the webs of the uprights of the
frame form with the parts D D1 D2 D3 a frame B B1 B2 B3 D D1 D2 D3 moveable
vertically between C C C C³. Between the sides B, B1, B2, B3 of this frame there is
an open frame E E E E³ capable of moving vertically. These two vertically moving
frames are independent of one another.
The frame first described embraces two cams F and F fixed on a shaft F³ being
supported thereby and deriving its vertical motion from the rotation of these
excentrics.
The guide pulleys A* A* are fixed to and move with the open frame E E' E' E³.
The studs or pivots of the pulleys A5 A6 are fixed in the part B B¹ of the frame B
B1 B2 B3 D D1 D2 D3 and move with this latter.
Two belts G¹ G2 are held by jaws G attached to the middle of the transverse bar of
the open
frame E-E³ which belts pass over guide pulleys G³ G G G whose axis
turn in a side plate G' carrying the rollers. At their lower part these belts are held
between jaws on two rods Go & supporting adjustable counterweights G¹² G¹³.
The transverse bar K' and a similar bar (not shown in the drawing) placed at K
act as supports for the shaft F2. Two iron tubes H placed vertically are fixed to two
cast iron hoxes H2 H3 tightened against the lower part of the transverse bars D D' by
nuts H4 H5. In the interior of H are placed pivots He of tempered steel. The
pulleys A7 A8 embrace the barrels or sleeves of discs J (fig. 32) and carry at the
same time toothed dises J2 and the discs J. These discs J J constitute a pulley with
a rectangular groove at the bottom of which are the teeth of the disc J. To the
sleeve of J is fixed by a cup shaped nut Jo an axis J8 moving in a brass box lodged in
the upper part of the tube H and resting on the pivot H. Above, there is an
adjusting screw with centre point serving as a guide or support to the axis JB of A²
and counteracting the effect of any upward thrust of the belts; the cup on the nut Jo
forms a reservoir for oil.
The discs J J are covered with covers of rubber, leather or other suitable elastic
inaterial.
The twisting devices are driven by endless belts L L L L and L* L³ Le L'
(figure 28) of peculiar form as hereinafter described. Motion is imparted to these
belts by the pulleys J, J (figures 27 and 32) and also by pulleys L¹ L¹³ acting both
as tension pulleys and as driving pulleys, the belts also pass around guide pulleys L* L*
and around tension pulleys L Li¹.
The pulleys L L 13 resemble as regards the details of their construction the
pulleys J J and are represented in elevation partly in transverse section and in
plan in figures 30 and 31 they are moveable in boxes M M' formed in casting
with the plate M2 M3 this plate can slide horizontally on two transverse bars M* Ms
connected to the slide B B of the frame hereinbefore described and to another slide
established on the adjacent frame; this plate consequently partakes of all the
vertical movements of these slides.
On these same transverse bars there is likewise bolted a plate Me M' traversed by an
axis M8 M squared at the ends. This axis or shaft carries a worm driving a worm
wheel and bevel wheels which impart motion to a pinion M. All these parts are
situated underneath the plate M M' and are hidden by the same. The plate M² M³
carries a rack M" gearing with the pinion M¹º.
Underneath the driving shaft A figure 30 and between the uprights of the frame
there is a bar N which carries the two small vertical shafts N₁ N² on which are
placed two wheels N³ N with inclined teeth gearing with and driven. by two
corresponding wheels N° N° fixed on the driving shaft A.
The shafts N' N2 drive the pulleys L₁₂ L¹³ capable of vertical displacement and

page_text: communicate to them an angular speed identical with that of the pulleys J J
figure 27. On turning the shaft M8 M by means of a suitable key the pulleys LL13
are shifted forwards or backwards thereby adjusting the tension of the belts L to L'
the belts on both sides of the machine being acted on simultaneously.
In order to compensate for any differences in the length of the belts a second
series of tension pulleys L L is provided being placed at the ends of double
levers P P (figure 28) the other ends of which levers are acted on by springs P² P³
thus imparting all the requisite regularity and elasticity to the tension.
3. Variable winding motion.
These variable speeds are communicated by means of a pulley R (figures 2 and 27)
the parts of which are movable upon the pulley A' fixed on the driving shaft A.
The said pulley R is an expanding and contracting pulley being arranged as indicated
in figures 33, 34, 35 and 36 or it may receive a variable motion transmitted by an
arrangement of differential gear combined with an expanding and contracting
pulley. The latter arrangement is illustrated in Figure 37. In this case a
contracting and expanding pulley W³ arranged for working with a belt com-
municates a variable motion to a driving pulley W or its equivalent transmitting
the motion to the winding mechanism. This motion may be transmitted by a
belt as in the arrangement illustrated in Figure 37 or by a cord or by toothed
gearing. In this case the pulley R is not made capable of expansion and
contraction.
The pulley illustrated in Figure 34 is arranged for transinitting motion by means
of a cord. Figures 33 and 35 illustrate two other arrangements intended for use
with a cord or belt. When worked with a belt the flanges forming the groove for the
cord are dispensed with.
Turning freely on the tubes H figures 27 and 32 are compound pulleys R¹ R²
with rectangular grooves being in every respect similar to the pulleys J J2 J
hereinbefore described. On the sleeves or bosses of the discs R' are fixed grooved
driving pulleys R receiving motion directly from the pulley R by means of the
cord R R made of textile material, leather, india rubber or other suitable
material) This cord passes over the guide pulleys R R R R12 R13 R14 and
returns along R15 R16
The pulleys R¹ R² are embraced by belts similar to the belts L to L' previously
mentioned being guided and kept in tension by analogous parts some of which are
even common to both. The pulleys S and S¹ figure 30 being worked with belts
running at variable speeds are arranged similarly to the pulleys L L¹³ and are
loose on the barrels or sleeves attached to the latter to which they are connected by
flexible and elastic drivers analagous to those applied to the spindles.
The guide pulleys R R (figure 27) are placed at the upper ends of double
levers SS³. Their pivots are fixed to the side E2 E3 of the open frame E and E³
hereinbefore described. A spring S4 is engaged between the lower ends of S2 and S³
and serves to preserve the tension of the cord F F" during the displacements of the
pulleys R R1 R14 wherein the cord is slackened to a greater extent than the belt on
the pulleys A7 A8 fig. 27.
On the shafts SS10 (figure 27) carrying the levers L with circular projections
(figures 12 and 13) there are placed arms S12 connected by rods S7 S8 to arms S¹³
fixed on the small shafts or axes S14. Figure 28 is a plan showing the arrangement of
the shafts S S14.
The reciprocating vertical movement of the shafts S° S10 communicate reciprocating
circular movements to the axes S14 through the parts S¹² (S7 S³) $13.
At one extremity of the shaft S there are attached levers S15 to whic the
pivots of the tension pulleys R R12 are bolted. The latter partake of the
oscillating movements of the axes S¼ and regulate the tension of the driving
cords R R³.
The shafts SS10 in moving to and fro move the pulleys R R giving out
or taking up the quantity of cord taken up or let out by the different diameters

page_text: or the pulley I thereby constituting a more regular and elastic tension for the
cord R7 R8.
The parts shown in figures 33, 34, 35 and 36 form, as stated expanding and
contracting pulleys. The pulley A¹ figure 33, the drum T and the boss or sleeve T¹
5 are all cast in one piece; the latter is fixed on the driving shaft A and turns on
the boss of the support T2. T3 T4 (figure 34) are two double cones engaging one
within the other by recesses or notches formed in the opposite surfaces and
supported on the drum T thus forming a grooved pulley; at their other extremities
they slide and rest upon the drum T. T T are a species of light pulleys sliding
in the interior of T and engaging by their bosses with two nuts T T one nut
having a right hand screw the other a left hand screw. A box T with a screw
working in these nuts carries a pinion To and turns on a sleeve or pipe T" fixed
to the support T¹². The double cones T3 T4, are connected to the pulleys T5 T6
by screws T3 T4 (figure 34) passing through slots in the drum T. The pinion T10
in rotating imparts motion to the screwed box T and consequently causes the
nuts TT to move nearer together or further apart. The pulleys T and T are
shifted in the same direction the cones T3 T4 being thereby slidden one into the
other to a greater or less extent thus changing the actual diameter of the pulley.
This system of combined expanding pulley for obtaining such changes in the
diameter is applicable to spinning frames and all analogous spinning machinery
and can likewise be applied to other forms of pulleys used in such machinery.
The sliding motion of the cones T³ T¹ can be produced by other means than those
described such as levers or racks for example.
Figures 33, 35 and 36 represent in section elevation and part plan respectively
another arrangement of expanding pulley in which two cones U Uslide upon the
drum T and are moved nearer together or farther apart by devices similar to those
herein before described with reference to figure 34 and by the action of a pinion To
to which motion can be imparted in opposite directions alternately. Upon the said
cones are supported series of crossed bars or segments U³ jointed together on the
lazy tongs principle constituting the expanding and contracting rim of the improved
pulley the actual diameter of which is increased or diminished at will by moving
the cones U U¹ farther apart or closer together. This change of position can be
produced either by means of a screw and nut arrangement as hereinbefore described
or by means of levers, racks or the like.
The arrangement illustrated in figure 37 enables the variable motion or speed to be
obtained by means of differential gearing. The effect of this motion is transmitted
to a pulley W loose on the sleeve of the support of the pulley A' by the wheel W¹
made in one with the said pulley. According to the conformation of the pulley W
the movement may be transmitted by belts or by cords or the movement may be
transmitted by toothed gear by substituting a spur wheel for the pulley W. A
driving and tension pulley W2 which receives motion from the driving shaft A as
indicated in the drawing drives by means of a belt an expanding pulley W³ arranged
as hereinbefore described. The axis of the pulley W2 is placed at one end of a fork
or open frame oscillating under the action of a lever with counterweight and springs
so arranged as to maintain the tension of the belt. The motion is transmitted by a
series of gear wheels from W4 and from W to the differential wheel W' the final
speeds passing from W to W¹ and thence to W.
W is a group of instrumentalities hereinafter described and serving to produce
the circular motion in opposite directions of the screwed box inside the drum of the
expanding pulley W3 which is similar to the pulley hereinbefore described with
reference to figure 33.
.
In order to balance the frames B B1 B2 B3 D D¹ D² D³ and parts connected
therewith we employ the means illustrated in. figure 29 of the drawings. X is a
frame seen from the front of the machine, X is a shaft extending across the
machine and provided at its extremities with two levers X2 provided with rollers X³
acting on the underside of the transverse bars of the frame D. An adjustable

page_text: counterweight X which may be made of the same length as the shaft X¹ holds
the part X in equilibrium by counterbalancing the weight thereof.
The operating parts or instrumentalities illustrated in figure 28 are provided in
duplicate there being one set at each end of the frame in order to insure perfect
accuracy of the speeds and prevent any irregular action of the belting or of cords
employed in substitution therefor and render them less liable to wear out by
maintaining a moderate tension.
We apply brakes to the driving pulleys of the endless belts or cords as well as to
the latter when the spindles are passing from a high speed to a lower speed in order
to counteract the momentum of the parts such brakes being operated automatically
or otherwise and constructed in any suitable or convenient manner.
4. New system of communicating motion to the spindles and bobbins.
Our new system consists on one hand in communicating motion to the drivers from
two sides at once in order to prevent the lateral strain and friction which have
hitherto resulted from transmitting the motion from one side only and finally to
obtain a light and extremely sensitive action and a considerable diminution in motive
force usually required for driving these parts. On the other hand this double
motion is communicated by belting cords or toothed gearing according to the No. of
the thread or textile material to be produced.
When belting is employed we make it of different forms according to the nature
of the work.
Figure 38 is a plan of a belt which may be made either with a single toothed
ridge Z as indicated in the elevation partly in section (figure 39) or with two such
ridges as indicated at Z Z2 (figure 40). These ridges may be attached and made
of the same or of different materials to the belt. Or they may be cut out of a
number of belts connected together and stitched or rivetted the thickness being cut
away at the two sides or between the ridges.
The belts and ridges may be corrugated, the teeth of the ridges may be covered
with metallic strips or sheaths corrugated toothed or otherwise shaped to enable them
to "bite" at the surface. The belts are sometimes lined or covered with steel, iron,
copper or other wire or made similar to card clothing or provided with brushes as
indicated at Z (figure 41).
With these last mentioned descriptions of belts we employ on the drivers Z
figures (41 and 42) sleeves covered with wire as indicated at Z or with brushes as
shown at Z or with rings provided with metallic teeth as at Z³.
When the belts are made with ridges we retain in certain cases the covered
sleeves Z Z Z in other cases we do not employ them but cover the discs y y¹
(figure 42) y2 y3 (figure 41) with covers of leather, india rubber, or other elastic
material or we employ corrugated roughened or stamped metal in their manufacture.
In order to contribute to the smoothness of the running of the aforesaid belts or
cords we apply at suitable intervals endless leathers y illustrated in elevation and
plan in figures 43 and 44. These leathers are provided at their outer edges with
toothed ridges y y between which the belts or cords of the drivers slide the friction
thereof imparting the same speed to y. To guide and support these belts we employ
rollers provided with an arrangement of pins y working in oil contained in a reservoir
or socket y figure 43. The adjusting screws y10 of the latter form bearings for the
studs or pivots y³. By these means the rollers or pulleys y' are enabled to turn with
remarkable ease and smoothness of action.
5. Elastic drivers of the twisting and winding devices.
The constant and variable motion transmitted by the belts, cords or gearing are
communicated to the twisting and winding devices by means of flexible and elastic
contrivances arranged as illustrated in figures 45 to 50 of the accompanying drawings
and of which we have already spoken in describing figure 10.
6. Motion for gradually lowering the bobbins as the thread is wound thereon.
Figures 1, 51 and 52 represent in elevation and section the general arrangements
employed to produce this motion. bis a shaft passing through the machine being carried

page_text: by supports b. 6¹ provided with ball bearings and attached to the uprights 62 of the
frame. This shaft is provided at each of these places with a cam or excentric F F¹
already referred to in the description of figure 27.
These cams are embraced by supports 634 represented in elevation, section and
plan in figures 51 and 53. These supports are capable of moving between guides 66
cast with the uprights 62. The beams or rails 18 carrying the spindles their drivers
and other accessaries are bolted to the supports 63 64 and move with them when they
are acted on by the cams F F¹. The downward motion corresponds with each new
layer of thread in the formation of the bobbins or cops. Adjustable counter-
weights d' d' are suspended from straps or chains d² d³ passing over guide pulleys d³ de
and under the pulleys d' being attached at d. The pulleys do and do are fixed being
connected to the supports du bolted to the beam d¹³ carrying the drawing rollers and
the pulleys d' are connected to and move with the support 63 64.
The counterweights d¹ d¹ balance the support 63 64 as well as the beams 68 and all
parts connected therewith.
The pressure on the cam F F¹ is consequently very slight, the supports 63 * move
with ease lightness and precision especially as the cam shaft works in roller bearings.
The shaft 6 offers little resistance to the motion which is communicated to it by the
endless screw or worm e figure 52, operated by a ratchet wheel c' moved tooth by tooth
by a pawl c² pivoted to a double lever c³ the latter is lifted at each oscillation by an
adjustable screw e on-the lever coming in contact with the frame c c at each oscilla-
tion of the said frame and thereby causing the pawl to act upon the ratchet wheel c¹.
When the excentrics or cams F F¹ have described half a revolution the bobbins are
completed; the cams are brought back to their original position by means of a lever or
hand wheel fixed on the shaft b, the frames or supports 63 partaking of this ascending
motion together with all the parts connected therewith, the bobbins are then in the
position already described and in readiness for doffing.
7. Alternating vertical motion of the thread guides for the arrangement of the
layers of thread upon the bobbin.
Figures 52, 54 and 55 are respectively an elevation partly in section, a horizontal
section and a plan showing the parts employed in producing this motion.
The supports ce moving between guides f f cast with the uprights f2 ƒ³
of the frame carry at their extremities shafts ff on which move the thread
guide carriers or levers herein before referred to (figure 12) ƒ ƒ are closing plates
fixed to c³ c6.
A shaft g passes through the machine and works in ball bearings, this shaft carries
several different levers. The levers extending from g to g¹ are jointed to connecting
rods g² and these latter are connected to the supports c c so that every movement
communicated to the shaft g is transmitted to the said supports. In order to give this
motion all the sensitiveness necessary we connect the levers g g¹ by connecting
rods g³g to the extremity of a double lever 96 ; at its other extremity is suspended an.
adjustable weight g. 92 are supplementary counterweights to counteract g which only
acts as a regulator. Springs gf determine the force with which the roller presses on
the excentric or cam of the winding motion. By these means c5 c are relieved of all
pressure and are enabled to move with ease and lightness.
g.
A rocking motion is communicated to the shaft g by a frame k k₁ k2 k³ fixed on the
shaft. In order to ensure its position and that of the levers g g¹ we form on the
shaft g arms g 98 g³ go to which the levers g g¹ and the frame k k¹ k² k³ are secured
by bolts. The bosses are made in two parts to enable them to be placed on the shaft,
The ends or heads k k of the frame k carry two screwed rods k7k8 with screw threads
in opposite directions a nut k³ working thereon carries on its under side a roller kto
bearing against a cam which we term the winder. This cam is formed by coupling
together a suitable number of excentrics or cam discs corresponding with the vertical
movements at different speeds of the thread guide or the said cam may if preferred be
made all in one piece.
This cam transmits through the roller ¹ and frame k oscillations of varying

page_text: amplitude and speed to the shaft g which transmits these movements through the
levers g g and c c to the levers of the thread guides.
The screwed rods or shafts k k by an intermittent motion produced at each oscilla-
tion of the lever of the thread guides, move the roller 10 to the proper corresponding
part of the cam 11. This intermittent motion is communicated to the shafts k k in
the following manner.
A wheel on the driving shaft A communicates motion to wheels j¹ and ²; the latter
is provided with a pin which at each revolution of the wheel engages with a recess
in a star shaped plate and causes the latter to describe one sixth of a revolution.
The screwed shaft which carries the plate partakes of these movements and com-
municates them to the shaft k by means of wheels o je.
Motion is transmitted from the driving shaft A to the winder cam by
wheels m m¹ m² m³.
In order to cause the expanding pulley, in the three cases herein before specified to
assume the diameters corresponding with the different speeds which it is called upon
to impart to the spindles and bobbins we employ sliding in a slot in a prolongation n' n²
of one of the levers g g¹, or of a special lever n n² n², a nut n³ working on a screw n
connected to a ratchet wheel no operated by a pawl nº pivoted on the end of a double
lever n the other arm of which faces an adjustable screw n'. The lever n n¹ n², being
fixed on the shaft g partakes of the oscillation of the latter; these movements cause
the arm of the double lever n to come in contact with the screw n' thereby rocking
the lever on its centre and operating the ratchet wheel which turns the screw n' and
moves the nut n³ towards the end of the lever.
In the prolongation n° on the nut n³ passes the arm of a double lever n10 n¹¹ which
partakes of the oscillations of the lever n n' n² which oscillations become greater at
the end n as the nut approaches the extremity of the lever n n' n². At n" is jointed a
rack n which gears with a pinion n¹³ and causes it to rotate in opposite directions
alternately. This alternating movement increased by the relation of the wheels is
transmitted by wheels n14 n 16 to the pinion T10 fixed on the screwed box in the
expanding pulleys and produces the changes in their diameters precisely in the
proportions required by the dimensions of the cones of the cops or bobbins on which
the threads are to be wound.
The various improvements mentioned in our claims and hereinbefore described for
the sake of illustration as being applied to a continuous or throstle spinning frame
with three rows of fluted drawing rollers are also applicable either singly or in
combination with such modifications as will be readily understood by persons skilled
in this branch of industry to self actors and other mule frames and to throstle frames
employed in spinning textile materials and twisting doubling and winding or other
analogous operations employed in the manufacture of yarns or threads.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion we declare that what we claim is :-
_
First An arrangement of pressing hooks and rods whereby pressure is enabled to
be exerted in a direction exactly perpendicular to a plane in which the upper sides of
the fluted drawing rollers are situated substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to figures 1 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Second In combination with the pressing weights acting on the drawing rollers an
arrangement of elastic instrumentalities and of helical springs and blocks of rubber
whereby an unvaried and elastic pressure is obtained substantially as hereinbefore
explained and illustrated in figures 1 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Third-The combination with the pressing devices acting on the drawing rollers of
lifting devices enabling the pressure to be taken off during stoppages and in particular
of the combination of rods with inclined planes acting in such a manner as to lift the
oscillating weights used to produce the pressure substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in figures 1, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth-The combination, with the front fluted drawing roller, of a series of

page_text: supplementary rollers independent or coupled, in the former case being pressed against
the front fluted roller receiving motion therefrom and covered with cloth, leather or other
elastic material and in the second case being out of contact with the said fluted roller
and fluted or covered with wings of suitable material and travelling at a higher
peripherial speed than the fluted drawing roller substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in figures 1, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawing.
Fifth-A novel arrangement of undulated, adjustable, straight concave or convex
plates near the front fluted drawing roller, rocking or oscillating at will, balanced by
weights or springs of contrary shade to the threads manufactured provided with two
or more rows of thread guides in the form of open or closed eyes and combined
according to the quality of the thread with one or more rows of wires and with one or
more rows of revolving or stationary rods made round and smooth or provided with
blades or wings of suitable material and arranged between the plates aforesaid and the
front fluted drawing roller substantially as hereinafter described and illustrated in
figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Sixth-The combination for communicating motion to the drivers of the thread
twisting guides of flexible and elastic parts the tension of which is adjustable at will
and which are capable of acting in horizontal vertical or inclined planes substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figure 10 and in figures 45 to 50 of the
accompanying drawings.
Seventh A new system of drivers for the thread twisting guides having two
branches or legs of suitable form in section provided at the shoulders or angles with
open or closed eyes, being spring tempered or otherwise, driven and supported in the
lower part by a ring and guided by the spindle moving concentrically and parallel
with the spindle and jointed to the said ring so as to admit of their being placed
in an inclined position, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
figures 1, 10, 12, and 15 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighth A new system of simple or compound thread twisting and stretching
guides of any tempered or other wire partially thickened or otherwise by wire or
metal lappings or partly of sheet metal partly of wire or made exclusively of sheet
metal also capable of travelling at a constant speed greater than the greatest speed of
the spindles substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 14 and 14 bis of the
accompanying drawings..
Ninth A new system of thread twisting guide carriers with hoops cast in one
therewith or attached thereto of any suitable material tempered or otherwise, movable
on a fixed axis or partaking with the later of a reciprocating motion being connected to
their axis by flat or helical springs and capable of being lowered substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated in figures 1, 12 and 13 of the accompanying drawings.
Tenth A new system of twisting pulley or wharve with moveable cheeks and com-
pressing action produced by rubber or other openings being made of smooth or other
metal provided or not with coverings of leather rubber or other elastic material or
with sleeves of any suitable material lined or covered with wires or brushes and blades
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 10, 41 and 42 of the
accompanying drawing.
.
Eleventh A new system of moveable thread guides with double hinge, carrying
eyes moveable in the direction of their stems for putting out of gear the brake action of
the spindles and thread guide drivers substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in figures 1. 12. 15. 16. 21. and 22 of the accompanying drawing.
Twelfth A new system of construction of the spindles with oscillating sockets
means for regulating the tension of their flexible and elastic driving agents and
arrangements of the boxes carrying the collars and sockets whereby the stability
thereof together with a continuous lubrication is ensured substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in figure 10 of the accompanying drawings.
>
Thirteenth-The employment for winding yarns or threads of flexible and elastic
drivers winding wharves with moveable cheeks or flanges and compressing action and
drivers analogous to the corresponding parts referred to in the sixth claiming-clause
0
:

page_text: and substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 1. 10. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. and 45 to 50 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourteenth A new system or combination and arrangement of parts for stopping
and restarting the spindles and drivers of the thread twisting guides, in order to
reconnect "ends" substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
figures 1. 11. 12. 17 and 18 of the accompanying drawing.
Fifteenth-A new system or combination and arrangement of parts for preparing
the machine for doffing or removing the bobbins attaching the "ends" for filling fresh
bobbins and restoring the mechanism to the proper position for resuming work
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1. 10. 12. 15. 16
and 19 to 24 of the accompanying drawings.
Sixteenth A novel system or combination and arrangement of mechanical devices
for applying friction to arrest the motion due to momentum or impulsion of the spindles
and twisting devices when the machine is stopped substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in figures 1. 10. 11. 12. 17. 18. 25 and 26 of the accompany-
ing drawings.
Seventeenth A novel combination of parts whereby a continuous motion is enabled
to be communicated to the twisting devices by means of a new arrangement of belting
or cords operating at both ends of the machine and novel means for maintaining the
tension of the said belting or cords substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in figures 2 and 27 to 31 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighteenth A novel combination of parts whereby a variable motion is com-
municated by means of cords belting or toothed gearing to the parts at both ends of
the machine communicating variable speeds to the spindles by a new arrangement of
belting or cords and new means for maintaining the tension of the said belts and cords
substantially as herein before described and illustrated in figures 2 and 27 to 31 of the
accompanying drawings.
Nineteenth-In spinning machinery a new expanding and contracting pulley for
cords or belts with jointed and crossed segments or bars with alternating or compound
screw action whereby varying speeds such as are required for the winding action are
produced by adjusting the diameter of the pulley in inverse proportion to the
accumulation of layers of thread on the bobbin substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in figures 33 to 36 of the accompanying drawings.
Twentieth-A new combination of parts constituting a differential motion controlled
by the improved expanding and contracting pulley constructed with crossed segments
as hereinbefore described and claimed and whereby a varying speed is communicated
by cords belting or toothed gearing to the winding motion substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in figure 37 of the accompanying drawings.
Twenty first A new system of double driving motion of the twisting and winding
devices or means for driving at once on two opposite sides the wharves of these devices
consisting of endless bands with one or more toothed or serrated ridges joined on or
otherwise formed or of bands without ridges the bands and ridges being of smooth or
corrugated leather or any other suitable material covered or not with metal coverings
or brushes, the said means also consisting of cords formed of any compound or simple
material substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 38. 39. 40. 41
and 42 of the accompanying drawings.
Twenty Second A new system of endless bands with two external toothed ridges
acting as guides and supports to the driving belts and cords of the wharves of the
twisting and winding devices moving on a new system of pivots with continuous
lubrication substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 38 to 42
of the accompanying drawings.
Twenty third-A novel combination of parts whereby the intermittent motion is
obtained which produces the descending movement of the bobbins and all parts
connected therewith at this part of the machine the said motion being regulated and
facilitated by a special counter balance arrangement substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in figures 1. 51 and 53 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Twenty fourth-A new combination of parts and in particular a new arrangement
of winding cam with multiple segments whereby an alternating or reciprocating.
motion at progressively increasing and decreasing speeds is enabled to be com-
municated to the thread twisting guides (and in certain cases to the spindles) in order
to form the layers of thread upon the bobbins the said motion being rendered light and
regular by a special counterbalancing arrangement snbstantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in figures 52. 54 and 55 of the accompanying drawings.
Twenty fifth-An indulated and perforated metallic fence or enclosure arranged
behind the bobbins admitting of the escape of air and pieces of fibre substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in figures 12 and 13 of the accompanying
drawings.