Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOUND OR MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR INDIA-RUBBER
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOUND OR MATERIAL TO BE USED
AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR INDIA-RUBBER."-A communication from abroad by
Henry Loewenberg, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America, and Emile Granier, of the City of Paris, in
the Empire of France.
Sealed the 13th October 1865, and dated tho 15th April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1865.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOUND OR MATERIAL TO BE
USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR INDIA-RUBBER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of a compound made of glutinous matters,
acetic, pyroligneous, or other acids, glycerine or oily matter, nutgall or
analogous substances, said ingredients being mixed together as herein-after
described so as to form a tough and elastic mass which can be used with
advantage as a substitute for india-rubber in making dolls heads or other toys,
and which may also be applied with advantage for covering clotb, or for

page_text: protecting or lining wooden or other articles to resist the penetration of oils,
fats, or volatile matters, and also water. The proportions in which I mix
these ingredients together is variable, and depends upon the quality and nature
of the materials used, although it must be remarked that the following pro-
portions give a good result:-
Glue
Acetic acid-
Glycerine
4 pounds.
1 pound.
8 ounces.
Nutgall
Pyroligneous acid
3 ounces.
1 pound.
The acetic acid 1 dilute in about five parts of water, and add it to the glue in
such quantity as to cover the same. When the glue is dissolved the other in-
gredients are added. This composition is particularly applicable as a substitute
for india-rubber; it is capable of resisting the penetration of liquids, such as
benzine, turpentine, oils, and fatty and volatile fluids. It is perfectly impervious
to oils, and it can also be used with advantage as a varnish for woodwork,
stone, or other articles, to render the same proof against the influence of the
liquids above-named; or it may also be used as a lining for boxes or barrels,
particularly for petroleum barrels, also for toys, shell combs, and other articles
where coloring or pulverized matter may be added to make said composition
firu. By the use of glue, acetic, or pyroligneous acid, or either of them,
nutgall and glycerine, the composition is rendered tough, and prevented from
becoming hard and brittle, and it is not liable to scale off' and crack, nor is
it soluble in water.
It can be produced at a small expense, and its application to petroleum
barrels alone will cause an immense saving in oil which is now lost by leakage.
It can also be used with advantage for printing rollers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto

page_text: me, the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF A COMPOUND OR MATERIAL TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR
INDIA-RUBBER," a communication to me from abroad by Henry Loewenberg, of
the City, County, and State of New York, in the United States of America,
and Emile Granier, of the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
This Invention consists in the use of a compound made of glutinous
matters, acetic, pyroligneous, or other acids, glycerine or oily matters, nutgall
or analogous substances, said ingredients being inixed together as bereafter
described, so as to form a tough and elastic mass which can be used with
advantage as a substitute for india-rubber in making dolls heads or other
toys, and which may also be applied with advantage for covering cotton or
for protecting or lining wooden or other articles to resist the penetration of
oils, fats, or volatile matters, and also water. The proportion in which I
mix these ingredients together is variable, and depends upon the quality and
nature of the materials used, although it must be remarked that the
following proportions gives a good result:-
Glue or gelatinous substances
Nutgall, or gallic or tannic substances
Glycerine, or oils, or their equivalents
Acid, either acctic, 'pyroligneous, or other similar -
The acetic acid I dilute in about five parts of water, and
four pounds.
three ounces.
eight ounces.
one pound.
add it to the glue
in such quantity as to cover the same. When the glue is dissolved the other
ingredients are added.

page_text: This composition is particularly applicable as a substitute for india-rubber,
it is capable of resisting the penetration of liquids, such as benzine, turpentine,
oils, fatty and volatile fluids; it is perfectly impervious to oils, and it can
also be used with advantage as a varnish for woodwork, stones, and other
articles, to render the same proof against the influence of the liquids above-
named; or it may also be used as a lining for boxes and barrels, particularly
for petroleum barrels, also for toys, shell combs, and other articles where
coloring or pulverized matters may be added to make said composition firm.
By the use of glue, acetic, and pyroligneous acid, or either of them, nutgall,
and glycerine, the composition is rendered tough and prevented from becoming
hard and brittle, and it is not liable to scale off and crack, nor is it soluble in
water.
It can be produced at a small expense, and its application to petroleum
barrels alone will cause an immense saving in oil, which is now lost by leakage.
It can also be used with advantage for printing rollers.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I wish it to be understood that I lay no claim to a
compound of glue and glycerine; but that what I claim as the Invention to
be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the uso of
resinous or balsamic substances (as copal, pitch, tar, or their equivalents)
with sulphur or its vapor, and the application of heat in combination with
gluish or gelatinous substances, either with or without other ingredients, for
the purpose of vulcanizing or solidifying such gluish or gelatinous substances
or compositions in order to impart to them qualities similar to vulcanized
india-rubber. I find that the above composition as a substitute for india-
rubber gives a good result.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
JMS. DAISH,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)