improvements in Roonng Tiles.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 30th May, 1895-Accepted, 13th July, 1895
improvements in Roonng Tiles.
I, IIENRY ENGLAND HAYES, of the "Apex" Tile Works, Burnham, Somerset,
Tile Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a new or improved tile, and has for its object to manu-
facture tiles of such a shape that they will present a more uniform appearance, and
will also provide means whereby they will be trebly interlocked, and thus kept
firmly in position when laid.
My invention consists in making the tiles with grooves at each side, one to engage
in the corresponding groove of the adjoining tile in the horizontal row, and each
row being laid to break joint with the row above and below it, a V locked joint is
formed by a recess in the under surface of each tile engaging with a corresponding
projection, formed half on each top corner of the upper surface. so that when
placed side by side a V projection is obtained; grooves are also formed in the lower
surface to fit over ledges in the top of the upper surface, thus completely interlocking
the tiles, one with another.
In carrying my invention into effect, I make the main body of the tile of any
convenient size and thickness, either quite plain, or with vertical corrugations of an
even depth and width, buttons or studs of the usual shape are formed at the top end
of the under surface, to suspend it to the batten, a groove is made on each side of
the tile, one on the under and one on the top surface, shaped so that one will fit into
the corresponding groove of the adjoining tile, leaving the top and under surface
quite plain when laid; a dovetail or V shaped recess is formed at the bottom of the
lower surface, above and below which a small groove is made; the upper surface
is left plain except at the top, where a couple of ledges are formed, and at each
upper corner a triangular projection is raised, and these when the tiles are laid
side by side, form the complete dovetail, to engage with the recess in the lower
surface.
The tiles being constructed as described, they are laid on the battens in rows
suspended by the buttons in the usual way, the side grooves fitting into each other,
and the triangular projections at the top corners forming V shaped studs ; one row
being laid, the row above is laid in a similar manner, the centre of the tiles in the
upper row being opposite the joints in the lower row, the grooves and ledges
holding the tiles together vertically and horizontally, while the V joints lock them
in every direction.
1
1004
Improvements in Roofing Tiles.
I, HENRY ENGLAND HAYES, of the "Apex" Tile Works, Burnham, Somerset,
o Tile Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to new or improved roofing tiles, and has for its object to

page_text: manufacture tiles of such a shape and configuration that they will present a more
uniform appearance, and also to provide means whereby they will be trebly
interlocked, and thus held firmly in position.
This invention consists in making the tiles with a groove in each side, one on the
upper, and one on the lower surface, each to engage in the corresponding groove of
the adjoining tile in the horizontal row; transverse grooves are also made in the
lower surface of the tiles to engage with corresponding projections on the upper
surface, and V shaped, or dovetailed recesses and projections are formed adjacent
to these grooves, which lock the tiles in every direction.
A further description of the grooves, recesses, and projections formed on the tiles
for the purpose named, will be given in connection with the accompanying sheet of
drawings, in which Fig. 1 is an isometric perspective of the upper surface of one of
my improved tilés, and Fig. 2 is a similar view of the under surface of the same
tile; and Fig. 3 is a plan view of part of a roof, with the tiles laid in position on
the battens.
A is a ledge and groove on one edge of the upper surface of the tile, made to
receive a corresponding ledge and groove a on the lower surface of the adjoining
tile, B, B', are angular projections on the top corners of the upper surface, and
these, when placed side by side, as shown in the top row of Fig. 3, form a dovetail,
to receive a corresponding recess b in the lower surface, and the tiles being laid to
break joint, as shown, the recess b fits over the angular pieces B, B', and the
dovetail prevents the tiles from slipping; transverse projections C and D are also
formed on the upper surface, which engage in corresponding grooves and
recesses c, d, as shown; E is the button by which the tiles are suspended or attached
to the battens F. To enable the tiles to be properly laid in a straight vertical line
at starting, a few of them are partly cut or divided down the middle, as shown by
dotted line g in Fig. 2, which furnishes half tiles G to be laid at the end of each
alternate row, and thus form straight edges at either end of the roof.
The tiles being formed as shown and laid on the battens and attached by the
buttons as described, the ledges and grooves at the edges will engage and hold each
other in position horizontally, and the transverse grooves, projections, and recesses
will hold the tiles in one row to those in the rows above and below, while the
dovetail recesses and projections will lock the tiles in every direction.
The upper surface of the tiles from D to the bottom edge, may either be made
plain, as shown, or with corrugations, for purposes of ornament or the more rapid
flow of the rain water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of roofing tiles, forming a dovetail locking joint, by making
a recess or projection on surface of the tiles to engage in or with projections or
recesses on the other surface thereof, those on one face being formed in the centre,
and on the other at the corners, for locking the tiles (when laid to break joint),
substantially as herein set forth and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In the manufacture of roofing tiles, the combination of the dovetail locking
joint, with transverse and longitudinal grooves, projections, and recesses, as herein
set forth, to form triple locking tiles, substantially as and for the purpose herein
described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of May 1895.
J. G. WESTLAKE,
2, John Street, Bristol, Applicant's Agent.