Improvements relating to Steam-boilers and to Engines to be Used in Connection therewith.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1886.
Complete Left, 26th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 27th May, 1887.
LIVY DIONAL
Improvements relating to Steam-boilers and to Engines to be Used
in Connection therewith.
I, GERARD BECKER, of Maestricht, in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to steam-boilers with forced draught, designed to utilize the
products of combustion as a motive power concurrently with the steam. It also
relates to engines to be used in connection with such boilers.
My improved boiler has a vertical furnace arranged centrally within the same and
provided with a grid or grating formed of refractory perforated bricks. The said
boiler has three distinct compartments. A chamber for heating the air for supporting
combustion is formed by arranging a casing and spiral pipe around the main
compartment of the boiler. The said boiler is also provided with means for charging
and controlling the furnace, discharge cocks, communicating pipes provided with
cocks and arranged between the different compartments of the boiler, and means for
distributing the steam and the products of combustion mixed therewith.
The furnace is surrounded by one of the compartments which has a steam dome or
chamber. The said furnace is charged with fuel through an opening at its upper end,
and the combustion takes place from top to bottom of the furnace so that it constitutes
a smoke-consuming apparatus. The gases from the furnace, after passing through the
aforesaid grid or grating are conducted by pipes to a valve which opens automatically
when the pressure in the furnace has attained the desired degree. The said gases then
pass through water contained in one of the compartments of the boiler and then rise
with the steam into a dome or chamber. The ashes which pass through the grid or
grating fall into a compartment and are discharged through cocks. The ashes carried
with the gases from the furnace and which pass through the said valve, are arrested
by a dome-shaped cover with which the said valve is provided. The said cover is
perforated with small holes for the passage of the gases, and the ashes fall to the
bottom of the compartment whence they are discharged in any convenient manner.
The steam developed in the two larger compartments rises into the steam dome or
chamber, whilst the steam and gases from the smallest compartment rise into another

page_text: dome or chamber surrounded by a casing filled with water. The boiler has, therefore,
two domes which communicate with each other by means of a pipe provided with a
cock or valve.
When
I sometimes arrange the boiler to drive two single-acting engines. The piston of
one of these engines is of large diameter and is cooled by means of water.
this piston is at its lowest point, it is first actuated by steam and gas from the small
dome. As the said piston rises a cam arranged upon any suitable part of the piston-
rod opens a valve and the steam from the main dome mixes with steam and gas from
the small dome, and assists the same in raising the piston. The said valve is closed
automatically or by the action of the piston in its downward movement.
The atmospheric air supplied to the furnace is heated. For this purpose the main
compartment is surrounded by a casing which encloses a space in which a spiral pipe
is arranged. This pipe communicates with the exhaust pipes of the cylinders. The
air is forced into the space between the main compartment and its casing, through a
pipe and is highly heated by contact with the spiral pipe. The admission of air into
the furnace takes place periodically, and each time for a longer or shorter period, in
such a manner that it will not pass too rapidly through the fuel and thus produce its
entire effect before reaching the small dome.
A valve, a lever, and a counterweight are arranged above the air-heating chamber.
When this valve is open, the heated air is forced into the furnace. The said valve is
opened by means of a cam provided upon the piston rod. The opening of this valve
takes place according to the adjustment of the parts, either simultaneously with, before,
or after the opening of the steam cock. At the moment when the piston commences
its stroke and until the steam cock opens, an expansion takes place of the steam in the
small dome and the gases from the furnace more easily raise the valve to permit them
to enter the said dome. If, at this moment, the admission of air to the furnace takes
place, this air passes through the latter very rapidly. Therefore the air must not be
admitted to the furnace so long as the steam-cock is closed. But, when this cock
opens and the pressure in the small dome is augmented, then the valve will be opened
for the admission of heated air to the furnace. The pressure in the said dome again
becoming normal, the air traverses the furnace and the fuel at a relatively slow speed.
The feeding of the boiler is effected by means of a pipe, or through the cylinder
casing of the engine.
Water gauges are provided for each compartment of the boiler.
The charging apparatus is so constructed that the fire in the furnace may be
observed.
The steam cylinder of the engine is sometimes arranged as a direct lateral
prolongation of the generator. The unused side of the cylinder may, if desired, be
used as an air-pump, it being only necessary, for this purpose, to provide the said
cylinder with a cover and with the requisite valves. One or more furnaces may be
provided in the boiler; when two furnaces are used they are, in some instances,
coupled in such a manner that the air is introduced at the bottom and passes from the
bottom to the top of the first furnace, whilst, in the second furnace, it passes from top
to bottom.
In lighting the fire, a suitable air pump may be used or the natural draught is
utilized by opening the furnace at the top and bottom.
Dated thin 97th, dove of T.... 1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to Steam-bollers and to Engines to be Used
in Connection therewith.
I, GERARD BECKER, of Maestricht, in the Kingdom of the Netherlands, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to steam-boilers with forced draught, designed to utilize the
products of combustion as a motive power concurrently with the steam. It also
relates to engines to be used in connection with such boilers.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a boiler or generator constructed according to this
invention.
Figure 2 is a section of the same on the line a-b.
My improved boiler has a vertical furnace A arranged centrally within the same and
provided with a grid or grate A¹ formed of refractory perforated bricks.
The said boiler has three distinct compartments B. C and D. A chamber for
heating the air for supporting combustion is formed by arranging a casing G and
spiral pipe H around the compartment B of the boiler.
The said boiler is also provided with mechanism T for enabling the charging and
closing of the furnace, with discharge cocks, Q Q', with communicating pipes
provided with cocks and arranged between the different compartments of the boiler,
and with devices for distributing the air and steam and the mixture of steam and gasos
of combustion.
The furnace A is surrounded by the compartment B which has a steam dome or
chamber B. The said furnace is charged with fuel through an opening at its upper
end closed by the mechanisin T and the combustion takes place from top to bottom of
the furnace so that the latter constitutes a smoke-consuming apparatus. The gases
from the furnace after passing through the aforesaid grid or grate A¹ are conducted
by pipes UU to a valve R which they lift when the pressure in the furnace has
attained the desired degree. The said gases then pass through water contained in the
chamber D and then pass with the steam they generate in the said chamber D into the
dome or chamber D¹. The ashes which pass through the grid or grate A¹ fall into the
compartment U" and are discharged through cocks QQ. The ashes carried with
the gases and which pass through the valve R are arrested by the dome-shaped
cover of this valve. The cover O is perforated with small holes for the passage of
the gases, and the ashes fall to the bottom of the compartment D whence they are
discharged in any convenient manner.

page_text: The steam developed in the compartments B and C rises into the steam dome or
chamber B', whilst the steam from the compartment D and the gases of combustion
pass to the dome or chamber D¹ surrounded by a casing D" filled with water. The
steam boiler has, therefore two domes B₁ and D¹ which communicate with each other
by means of the pipes V V₁ provided with a cock or valve F.
In the drawing the steam boiler is shown as arranged for driving two single acting
engines. The piston E (cooled with water) having arrived at its lowest point, it is
first actuated by steam and gas from the dome D¹ the valve F being closed. As the
piston E rises a projection F arranged upon any suitable part of the piston-rod opens
the valve F and the steam from the dome B' mixes with the steam and gases from the
dome D and thus assists in raising the piston E. The valve or cock is closed
automatically by the action of the piston in its downward movement.
For heating the atmospheric air supplied to the furnace A the compartment B of
the boiler is surrounded by a casing G, as hereinbefore described, which encloses an
annular free space in which a spiral pipe H is arranged. This coil communicates
with the exhaust of the cylinders through the pipes L. The atmospheric air is forced
into the space between the compartment B and the casing G through the pipe M, and
is highly heated by contact with the spiral pipe H. The admission of air into the
furnace A takes place only periodically and each time for a longer or shorter period,
in such a manner that it will not pass too rapidly through the incandescent fuel and
thus produce its entire effect before reaching the dome D¹.
A valve I, a lever P, and a counterweight P¹ are arranged above the air-heating
chamber. When this valve is open, the heated air passes through the pipe N into the
furnace A. The valve I is opened by the action of a projection I upon the rod of the
piston E. The opening of this valve takes place according to circumstances either
simultaneously with, before, or after the opening of the steam cock F, and it remains
open for a sufficiently long time. At the moment when the piston E commences its
stroko and until the cock F opens, a reduction of the pressure of the steam in the
dome D¹ takes place, and the gases from the furnace A more easily raise the valve R
to permit them to enter the said dome D¹. If, at this moment, the admission of air
to the furnace takes place, this air passes through the latter very rapidly.
Therefore the air must not generally be admitted to the furnace so long as the steam
cock F is closed. But, when the cock F opens and the pressure in the dome D¹ is
augmented, then the valve I will be opened for the admission of heated air to the
furnace A. The pressure in the dome D₁ again becoming normal, the air traverses
the furnace and the fuel only at a relatively slow speed.
The feeding of the boiler is effected by means of a pipe S or through the cylinder
casing of the engine.
Water gauges are provided for each compartment.
"
L
The charging apparatus T is so constructed that the fire in the furnace may be
observed.
"
44.81
The steam cylinder of the engine is sometimes arranged as a direct lateral
prolongation of the generator. The unused end of the steam cylinder may, if
desired, be used as an air-pump, it being only necessary, for this purpose, to provide
the said cylinder with a cover and with the requisite valves.
t.
In the drawing only a single furnace A is représented: it is to be understood,
however, that more furnaces may be provided in the boiler, according to emergencies;
when two furnaces are used they may be coupled so that the air is introduced at the
bottom and passes from the bottom to the top of the first furnace, whilst in the second
furnace, it passes from top to bottom.
"
In lighting the fire, a suitable air pump may be used; or the natural draught is
utilized by opening charging mechanism T and the cocks Q'Q.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:
First. A steam generator having a forced draught, provided with means for utilizing
the products of combustion as motive power concurrently with the steam.

page_text: Second. The combination of a vertical furnace A surrounded by the generator, and
provided with a grate A¹ of perforated fire bricks, of mechanism T for enabling the
introduction of fuel and of cocks QQ¹ for the discharge of the ashes.
Third. The arrangement of a valve R for permitting the passage of the gases of
combustion into the water of the generator and to the steam dome.
Fourth. The arrangement upon the valve R of a perforated cover O forming a dome
to prevent the rise of ashes towards the steam dome.
Fifth. The arrangement, around the steam generator, of a chamber for heating the
air for the combustion by means of waste steam passing through a spiral pipe H
arranged in this chamber.
Sixth. The successive utilization of steam from two steam domes D¹ and B¹ of the
generator, and the periodical admission of air for supporting combustion into the
furnace, in such a manner that this admission of air is interrupted at least during
the moment of the greatest expansion of or the reduction of the pressure of the steam
in the dome which receives the gases of combustion.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.;
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.