IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF Books, MUSIC, AND ENGRAVINGS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF Books, MUSIC, AND ENGRAVINGS, AND
IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME."-A cominunication
from Claude Desbeaux, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 27th August 1853, and dated the 28th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th June 1858.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING
OVER THE LEAVES OF BOOKS, MUSIC, AND ENGRAVINGS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," being a communication from Claude Desbeaux,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-

page_text: 1 bis Invention consists in the application of certain mechanism to
stands for holding books, music, &c., or to instruments, such as piano
fortes, organs, &c., whereby the turning of the leaves of the music may
be effected by the performer without interrupting his performance, and
the
pages of books may be turned without effort on the part of the
reader. This is effected by means of a vibrating arm, which carries at
its free end a small magnet. To each leaf to be turned is attached a
small metal disc or spring clip of steel: The axis of the vibrating arm
is enclosed in a box, which encloses also two helical or other suitable
springs. This box is either made in the hook or music stand, or piano,
&c., or may be attached by screws to any existing music or book
holder. Each spring is connected by a thin cord to the opposite sides
of the pulley fixed on the axis of the arm, and their strength may be
regulated by suitable adjusting screws in the end of the box. A cord
also passes from the periphery of the pulley before mentioned to a
pedal, which may be actuated near the foot of the musician. The
arm is made telescopic, and contains a sliding rod or spindle, to the
end of which is fixed the magnet herein-before mentioned. The oppo-
site or inner end of this rod is connected by a cord, which passes over
an internal pulley inside the main pulley on the axis to the springs
before mentioned, and is so arranged that when the size of the sheet
requires the moveable arin to be elongated, this elongation increases
at the same time the power of the springs by extending them, to allow
for the increase of leverage. On placing the foot on the pedal before
mentioned the arm turns on its centre, and the magnet on its extremity
comes in contact with the metal disc or clip on the sheet, which
becomes instantly attached to it by the power of attraction. The pedal
is the released, and the springs, one of which will be extended and
the other closed, cause the arm to return to its original position, moving
from right to left on its centre, and consequently taking a sheet with it.
But as the axis of the moving arm is so placed as not to correspond
with that of the leaves, the difference in angle, after passing the centre,
will cause the leaf to disengage itself by sliding from off the face of the
magnet. A small catch is fitted to the arm to prevent the newly turned
leaf from returning. If loose music is used it must be retained in the

page_text: stand by a cord, which passes vertically down the centre of the piece of
music. It is obvious that the same arrangement is also applicable to
turning over the leaves of books of any description.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 27th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE, PRESENTS SHALL COME, I.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn, Fields, in, the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One. thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special
license that 1, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as T, the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend,. within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF BOOKS, MUSIC, AND
ENGRAVINGS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Tuvention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
The said Invention relates to the application of certain mechanism
to stands for holding books, music, &c., or to instruments, such as
piano fortes, organs, &c., whereby the turning of the leaves of the
music may be effected by the performer without interrupting his per-
formance, and the pages of books may be turned without effort on the
part of the reader. This is effected by means of a vibrating arm, which
carries at its free end a small magnet. To cach leaf to be turned is
attached a small metal disc or spring clip of steel. The axis of the
vibrating arm is enclosed in a box, which encloses also two helical or
other suitable springs. This box is either made in the book or music
stand, or piano, &c., or may be attached by screws to any existing
music or book holder. Each spring is connected by a thin cord to the
opposite sides of the pulley fixed on to the axis of the arm, and their
strength may be regulated by adjusting screws in the end of the box.
A cord also passes from the periphery of the pulley before mentioned
to a pedal, which may be actuated near the foot of the musician. The
arm is made telescopic, and contains a sliding rod or spindle, to the end
of which is fixed the magnet herein-before mentioned. The opposite or
inner end of this rod is connected by a cord, which passes over an
internal pulley inside the main pulley on the axis of the springs before
mentioned, and is so arranged that when the size of the sheet requires
the moveable arm to be elongated, this elongation increases at the same
time the power of the springs by extending them, to allow for the
increase of leverage. On placing the foot on the pedal before men-
tioned the arm turns on its centre, and the magnet on its extremity
comes in contact with the metal disc or clip on the sheet, which becomes
instantly attached to it by the power of attraction. The pedal is
released, and the springs, one of which will be extended and the other
closed, cause the arm to return to its original position, moving from
right to left on its centre, and consequently taking a sheet with it.
But as the axis of the moving arm is so placed as not to correspond
with that of the leaves, the difference in angle, after passing the centre,
will canse the leaf to disengage itself by sliding from off the face of the

page_text: magnet. A small catch is fitted to the arm to prevent the newly
turned leaf from returning. If loose music is used it must be retained
in the stand by a cord, which passes vertically down the centre of the
piece of music. It is obvious that the same arrangement is also appli-
cable to turning over the leaves of books of any description.
Figure 1, on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents a com-
plete front elevation of a music stand, with a "turn page" attached. Fi-
gure 2, is a vertical section of the same at right angles to Figure 1.
Figures 3, and 4, are details of a part of the mechanism, drawn half size.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, represent full sized details of the principal parts
of the mechanism. Figures 9, and 10, represent a plan and side view
of two forms of metallic clips or discs.for attaching to the leaves to be
turned; and Figure 11, shews the application of the "turn page" to
an ordinary piano forte. The discs or clips shewn in Figures 9, and 10,
are composed of very thin sheet iron or steel, and may be made into
any suitable ornamental design. The discs (Figure 9.) are coated on
one side with gum or other adhesive mixture, and are easily attached
to the leaves of the book by simply moistening the gum
and pressing
them upon the bottom corner of the leaves to be turned. In cases
where it would not be desirable to permanently fix the discs to the
leaves, the metal clip shown in Figure 10, may be adopted, such clips
being merely slipped over the lower corner of cach leaf, and tightened
by a sliding ring, as shown in the Drawings. These clips do not injure
the music, and may be easily removed, when no longer required, by
simply sliding back the ring, when they may be removed with facility.
The whole apparatus may be adapted either to existing music stands,
or it may be applied to stands constructed purposely to receive it. In
the former case a couple of lugs p, p, are attached to the box B, which
is of a rectangular section, and is thereby secured by screws to the pro-
jecting ledge, of the music stand. An arm p¹, is attached to the
centre of the box, and has secured to its upper end a cord f, which is
hooked at its lower end to the ledge of the stand. This cord is for the
purpose of holding the music stationary, and is laid down the centre
fold of the sheet when loose music is used, and hooked, as above
described, by a spring hook, to the front of the projecting ledger.

page_text: by this means a single sucet of music even unity
previously folded down one side. In the interior of the box are
arranged a pair of helical springs a, and a', which are fixed at one end
to the box B, by the adjusting screws v, and are connected at the other
ends to the cords a², which are passed two or three times round the
pulley c, and secured to the axis ", of the internal pulley d. By
this means, when the pulley c', revolves in one direction or another, one
of the springs will be stretched and the corresponding one contracted in
proportion. A third cord b², passes over, and is attached to one of the
grooves of the pulley c', and after passing over the guide pulley d,
descends to the bottom of the stand, where it is attached to the
pedal E. Upon this pedal the performer places his foot each time he
requires to turn over a page. Another cord e¹, is attached to and
passes round the internal grooved pulley. d, and is connected at its
opposite end to the internal sliding portion of the magnet-carrying
arm C, having previously passed beneath the guide pulley or roller c¹¹.
When this arm is lengthened or extended to suit a large size of music,
the leverage will of course be greater, and therefore the tension or pull
of the actuating springs a, a', will require to be increased in proportion.
This is effected, as will be seen in the Drawing, by the cord e', which,
on being tightened by the lengthening of the arm, turns the pulley
in the direction of the arrow, and winds a portion of the cords af, round
the axis ", of the said pulley, and consequently stretches or distends
the springs a, a, in proportion to the amount of clongation of the
arm C. When the foot of the performer is placed upon the pedal E;
the arm C, carrying the magnet D, (Figure 8,) moves instantly from
left to right, and returns again as soon, as the pedal is released. By
this movement, from left to right, the magnet D, comes in contact with
the metal disc or clip which is attached to the edge of the sheet, and
carries it over with it on returning to its original position. In order
that the sheet may be obliged to traverse with the arm there is attached
to the middle of the latter a small blade spring g, jointed or hinged to
the arm; ; it is thus free during the passage from left to right, and adjusts
itself behind the sheet as soon as it is raised by the magnet. This
addition, which is most simple, adds further to the regular and effective

page_text: working of the apparatus. A small adjustable cushion u, is fitted to the
box in such a position that the discs on the leaves of the book may
rest upon it to receive the pressure of the magnet when turned over to
that side. In this manner the apparatus works always with the most
perfect regularity with any form of disc or clip, as well as with all sizes
of sheets or music books. When this apparatus is to be applied to
pianos, as shewn in Figure 11, the mechanisın, with the exception of
the cushion n, remains entirely the same. In this view the parts
previously described are lettered with corresponding letters. The
box B, which contains the mechanism, and which is made in one piece
with the music frame, is fitted to the front of the instrument by
brackets in such a manner as not to interfere with the performer. The
lateral pedal, E, which passes under the piano, is retained in its place
by a simple stay piece F, and may be made of any suitable size. It
will be easily understood from this that the apparatus thus fitted up
will act in precisely the same manner as that applied to music stands.
It has, moreover, this advantage, that it may be easily removed when
not required for use. To effect this the piece F, is removed and the
brackets unscrewed. The pulley carrier, which guides the cord to the
right of the piano, may be also made moveable or adjustable, according.
to the position of the piano itself. In like manner the hinges of the
stand to carry the music book may be made to slide on a guide attached
to the upper part of the stand.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not
confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which
I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of the said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of mechanism
herein-before described for turning the leaves of music and other books.
Second, the application and use of a magnet in conjunction with

page_text: iron or steel discs or clips attached to the leaves to be turned for the
purpose herein-before described.
Third, the peculiar arrangement of cords, pulleys, springs, and levers
for cflecting the turning of leaves of books, as hercin-before described.
In witness whereof, I,. the said John Henry Johnson, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, the Twenty-third day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's lun
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF Books, MUSIC, AND ENGRAVINGS, AND
IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME."-A communication
from Claude Desbeaux, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 27th August 1853, and dated the 28th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 28th June 1853.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING
OVER THE LEAVES OF BOOKS, MUSIC, AND ENGRAVINGS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," being a communication from Claude Desbeaux,
of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-

page_text: This Invention consists in the application of certain mechanism to
stands for holding books, music, &c., or to instruments, such as piano
fortes, organs, &c., whereby the turning of the leaves of the music may
be effected by the performer without interrupting his performance, and
the pages of books may be turned without effort on the part of the
reader. This is effected by means of a vibrating arm, which carries at
its free end a small magnet. To cach leaf to be turned is attached a
small metal disc or spring clip of steel. The axis of the vibrating arm
is enclosed in a box, which encloses also two helical or other suitable
springs. This box is either made in the book or music stand, or piano,
&c., or may be attached by screws to any existing music or book
holder. Each spring is connected by a thin cord to the opposite sides
of the pulley fixed on the axis of the arm, and their strength may be
regulated by suitable adjusting screws in the end of the box. A cord
also passes from the periphery of the pulley before mentioned to a
pedal, which may be actuated near the foot of the musician. The
arm is made telescopic, and contains a sliding rod or spindle, to the
end of which is fixed the magnet herein-before mentioned. The oppo-
site or inner end of this rod is connected by a cord, which passes over
an internal pulley inside the main pulley on the axis to the springs
before mentioned, and is so arranged that when the size of the sheet
requires the moveable arm to be elongated, this clongation increases
at the same time the power of the springs by extending them, to allow
for the increase of leverage. On placing the foot on the pedal before
mentioned the arm turns-on-its-centre,-and-the magnet on its extremity
comes in contact with the metal disc or clip on the sheet, which
becomes instantly attached to it by the power of attraction. The pedal
is the released, and the springs, one of which will be extended and
the other closed, cause the arm to return to its original position, moving
from right to left on its centre, and consequently taking a sheet with it.
But as the axis of the moving arm is so placed as not to correspond
with that of the leaves, the difference in angle, after passing the centre,
will cause the leaf to disengage itself by sliding from off the face of the
magnet. A small catch is fitted to the arni to prevent the newly turned
leaf from returning. If loose music is used it must be retained in the

page_text: stand by a cord, which passes vertically down the centre of the piece of
music. It is obvious that the same arrangement is also applicable to
turning over the leaves of books of any description.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 27th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn, Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her, most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign. did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson, Her special
license that 1, the said John Henry Johnson, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as 1. the said John Henry Johnson,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF BOOKS, MUSIC. AND
ENGRAVINGS, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry Johnson, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
The said Invention relates to the application of certain mechanism
to stands for holding books, music, &c., or to instruments, such as
piano fortes, organs, &c., whereby the turning of the leaves of the
music may be effected by the performer without interrupting his per-
formance, and the pages of books may be turned without effort on the
part of the reader. This is effected by means of a vibrating arm, which
carries at its free end a small magnet. To each leaf to be turned is
attached a small metal disc or spring clip of steel. The axis of the
vibrating arm is enclosed in a box, which encloses also two helical or
other suitable springs. This box is either made in the book or music
stand, or piano, &c., or may be attached by screws to any existing
music or look holder. Each spring is connected by a thin cord to the
opposite sides of the pulley fixed on to the axis of the arm, and their
strength may be regulated by adjusting screws in the end of the box.
A cord also passes from the periphery of the pulley before mentioned
to a pedal, which may be actuated near the foot of the musician. The
arm is made telescopic, and contains a sliding rod or spindle, to the end
of which is fixed the magnet herein-before mentioned. The opposite or
immer end of this rod is connected by a cord, which passes over an
internal pulley inside the main pulley on the axis of the springs before
mentioned, and is so arranged that when the size of the sheet requires
the moveable arm to be elongated, this elongation increases at the same
time the power of the springs by extending them, to allow for the
increase of leverage. On placing the foot on the pedal before men-
tioned the arm turns on its centre, and the magnet on its extremity
comes in contact with the metal disc or clip on the sheet, which becomes
instantly attached to it by the power of attraction. The pedal is
released, and the springs, one of which will be extended and the other
closed, cause the arm to return to its original position, moving from
right to left on its centre, and consequently taking a sheet with it.
But as the axis of the moving arm is so placed as not to correspond
with that of the leaves, the difference in angle, after passing the centre,
will cause the leaf to disengage itself by sliding from off the face of the

page_text: magnet. A small catch is fitted to the arm to prevent the newly
turned leaf from returning. If loose music is used it must be retained
in the stand by a cord, which passes vertically down the centre of the
piece of music. It is obvious that the same arrangement is also appli-
cable to turning over the leaves of books of any description.
Figure 1, on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings represents a com-
plete front elevation of a music stand, with a "turn page" attached. Fi-
gure 2, is a vertical section of the same at right angles to Figure 1.
Figures 3, and 4, are details of a part of the mechanism, drawn half size.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8, represent full sized details of the principal parts
of the mechanism. Figures 9, and 10, represent a plan and side view
of two forms of metallic clips or discs for attaching to the leaves to be
turned; and Figure 11, shews the application of the "turn page" to
an ordinary piano forte. The discs or clips shewn in Figures 9, and 10,
are composed of very thin sheet iron or steel, and may be made into
any suitable ornamental design. The discs (Figure 9,) are coated on
one side with gum or other adhesive mixture, and are easily attached
to the leaves of the book by simply moistening the gum and pressing
them upon the bottom corner of the leaves to be turned. In cases
where it would not be desirable to permanently fix the discs to the
leaves, the metal clip shewn in Figure 10, may be adopted, such clips
being merely slipped over the lower corner of each leaf, and tightened
by a sliding ring, as shewn in the Drawings: These clips do not injure
the music, and may be easily removed, when no longer required, by
simply sliding back the ring, when they may be removed with facility.
The whole apparatus may be adapted either to existing music stands,
or it may be applied to stands constructed purposely to receive it. In
the former case a couple of lugs p, p, are attached to the box B, which
is of a rectangular section, and is thereby secured by screws to the pro-
jecting ledge; of the music stand. An arm, is attached to the
centre of the box, and has secured to its upper end a cord f, which is
hooked at its lower end to the ledge of the stand. This cord is for the
purpose of holding the music stationary, and is laid down the centre
fold of the sheet when loose music is used, and hooked, as above
described, by a spring hook, to the front of the projecting ledger.

page_text: By this means a single sheet of music even may be held, if it is
previously folded down one side. In the interior of the box are
arranged a pair of helical springs a, and a', which are fixed at one end
to the box B, by the adjusting screws v, and are connected at the other
ends to the cords a², which are passed two or three times round the
pulley c', and secured to the axis d", of the internal pulley d'. By
this means, when the pulley c', revolves in one direction or another, one
of the springs will be stretched and the corresponding one contracted in
proportion. A third cord 62, passes over, and is attached to one of the
grooves of the pulley c', and after passing over the guide pulley d
descends to the bottom of the stand, where it is attached to the
pedal E. Upon this pedal the performer places his foot each time he
requires to turn over a page. Another cord e', is attached to and
passes round the internal grooved pulley d', and is connected at its
opposite end to the internal sliding portion of the magnet-carrying
arm C, having previously passed beneath the guide pulley or roller c
When this arm is lengthened or extended to suit a large size of music,
the leverage will of course be greater, and therefore the tension or pull
of the actuating springs a, a', will require to be increased in proportion.
This is effected, as will be seen in the Drawing, by the cord e', which,
on.being tightened by the lengthening of the arm, turns the pulley d
in the direction of the arrow, and winds a portion of the cords a, round
the axis d", of the said pulley, and consequently stretches or distends
the springs a, a', in proportion to the amount of elongation of the
arm C. When the foot of the performer is placed upon the pedal E,
the arm C, carrying the magnet D, (Figure 8) moves instantly from
left to right, and returns again as soon as the pedal is released. By
this movement, from left to right, the magnet D, comes in contact with
the metal disc or clip which is attached to the edge of the sheet, and
carries it over with it on returning to its original position. In order
that the sheet may be obliged to traverse with the arm there is attached
to the middle of the latter a small blade spring g, jointed or hinged to
the arm; it is thus free during the passage from left to right, and adjusts
itself behind the sheet as soon as it is raised by the magnet. This
addition, which is most simple, adds further to the regular and effective

page_text: working of the apparatus. A small adjustable cushion 2, is fitted to the
box in such a position that the discs on the leaves of the book may
rest upon it to receive the pressure of the magnet when turned over to
that side. In this manner the apparatus works always with the most
perfect regularity with any form of disc or clip, as well as with all sizes
of sheets or music books. When this apparatus is to be applied to
pianos, as shewn in Figure 11, the mechanism, with the exception of
the, cushion n, remains entirely the same. In this view the parts
previously described are lettered with corresponding letters. The
box B, which contains the mechanism, and which is made in one piece
with the music frame, is fitted to the front of the instrument by
brackets in such a manner as not to interfere with the performer. The
lateral pedal E, which passes under the piano, is retained in its place
by a simple stay piece F, and may be made of any suitable size. It
will be easily understood from this that the apparatus thus fitted up
will act in precisely the same manner as that applied to music stands.
It has, moreover, this advantage, that it may be easily removed when
not required for use. To effect this the piece F, is removed and the
brackets unscrewed. The pulley carrier, which guides the cord to the
right of the piano, may be also made moveable or adjustable, according
to the position of the piano itself. In like manner the hinges of the
stand to carry the music book may be made to slide on a guide attached
to the upper part of the stand.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that I do not
confine or restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which
I have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features
of the said Invention; but what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by. the herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and construction of mechanism
herein-before described for turning the leaves of music and other books.
Second, the application and use of a magnet in conjunction with

page_text: iron or steel discs or clips attached to the leaves to be turned for the
purpose herein-before described.
Third, the peculiar arrangement of cords, pulleys, springs, and levers
for effecting the turning of leaves of books, as herein-before described.
. In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.S.)