IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING AND SPINNING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Horace Brandon, of 13, Rue Gaillon,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING AND SPINNING MACHINES." A com-
munication from John Goulding, of Worcester, Worcester County,
Massachusetts, United States of America.
9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
HORACE BRANDON, Engineer, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the Empire
of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS I.am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING AND SPINNING MACHINES,” being a communication to me from
John Goulding, of Worcester, Worcester County, Massachusetts, United

page_text: States of America, and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Letters Patent for the
same, and have made solemn Declaration that it is a communication
from John Goulding, of Worcester, Worcester County, Massachusetts,
United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Horace Brandon, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my
hand and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say)
This Invention relates to the details of construction and arrange-
ment of the mechanism of a carding and spinning engine or machine,
the improvements being applicable to spinning cotton, wool, and other
fibres.
In the English Patent, No. 2537, of William Robert Lake, the Twenty-
sixth of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine, there is shewn and described a carding and spinning
machine in which the slivers are taken directly from the main carding
cylinder to the drawing and spinning mechanism, and in the present
Invention there are embodied some of the improvements shewn in such
Patent, the present being to a considerable extent an improvement upon
the Invention embraced by said Patent.
The first part of this Invention relates to the carding mechanism, and
consists in the employment in combination with the main card cylinder
and "leader in" of two toothed feed rolls, and a top roll so arranged as
to conduct the sliver close up to the receiver roll, thereby preventing its
bunching and causing the "licker in" to be always presented with
uniform sliver ends, the "licker in" presenting the fibres to the main
card teeth.
The next improvement consists in placing between the fancy roller
and the doffer two clearer rolls, which strip from the fancy roll the fibres
which remain attached to it (in loosening up the fibres on the main
card cylinder) the upper of these rolls stripping the fibres from the fancy
roll, and the lower roll transferring them from the upper roll to the
doffer cylinder. In the common carding engine the fibres left upon the

page_text: fancy roll become detached or are thrown from it and float away, but
with these added clearer rolls the fibres are caught before they como
into position to be thrown from the fancy roll, and are thus saved.
The next improvement consists in the interposition between the doffer
roll and doffer knife of vertical fingers, one between each two adjacent
top rolls of the receiver rolls, such fingers keeping the filaments of each
ribband or sliver of fibrous material from coming into contact or getting
entangled with either of the adjacent ones.
The next improvement consists in the peculiar mechanism or arrange-
ment of mechanism for driving the flyer and bobbin. In rear of the
spindle and flyer a vertical shaft is placed, which shaft is rotated from a
pulley on the flyer shaft (banded to a pulley on the auxiliary shaft), and
this auxiliary shaft drives the bobbin spindle by means of a belt running
from a pulley on the spindle to a drum on the auxiliary shaft, the
diameter of the drum being such as to impart such different rotary
motion to the bobbin spindle relatively to the speed of the flyer as is
necessary to cause the spun yarn to be wound upon the bobbin, while
the capability of slipping movement of the band enables the bobbin to
run more slowly, as may be required in building up the bobbin.
The next improvement consists in the application to each flyer shaft
or tube of a brake or stop mechanism by which the movement of each
flyer and bobbin may be arrested without stopping the machine or
arresting the operation of any other flyer.
The Drawings represent a machine embodying the Invention, Fig. 1
shewing a sectional elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 a plan of a portion
of the mechanism from the front of the machine back to the card
cylinder; Fig. 3 shews in elevation the fingers which keep apart the
sliver ribbands as they are taken by the receiver rolls from the doffing
mechanism.
66
a denotes the framework; 6 the main card cylinder having co-
operating leader or "licker-in" roll, worker roll, clearer rolls; and
fancy" roll arranged with respect to it as in other carding engines.
The cardings (or sliver ribbands formed in a breaker card or second
card) are fed into the machine from suitable rolls or other sources of
supply between toothed feed rolls c (formed like clearer rolls) and
smooth top or presser rolls d, the slivers passing from between these
rolls to and between second feed rolls c and the same top rolls, the action
с

page_text: of the respective rolls c, e, and the top roll being to feed the sliver ends
close up to the "licker-in" roll f, keeping the sliver ends in proper
condition for such presentation until they are removed by the teeth of
the roll which carries the fibres to the main card cylinder, by which,
with the workers and clearers, the fibres are carded and worked, and
loosened and arranged parallelly until they reach the fancy roll g, which
loosens them up and prepares them for the action of the doffer roll h,
which removes the fibres from the main card in the usual manner and
carries the fleece formed upon it around with it until the filaments come
opposite the doffer comb or knife j, which has an up-and-down move-
ment, and in its downward movement strips from the doffer cylinder the
fleece which is then taken by the receiver rolls i, k, the lower rail i
being a long roll extending across the whole surface of the doffer cylinder
and the other being a short top or presser roll, there being preferably
one of these top rolls for each two ribbands of flecce taken from the
doffer cylinder. In common carding engines the filaments of the
adjacent ribbands of fleece taken by the receiver rolls from the doffer
mechanism are very liable to come into contact and adhere, the weakest
breaking away and adhering to the other, and to prevent this fingers
are employed in this Invention, each finger consisting of a strip of
métal projecting up vertically from a cross bar m so that its upper end
stands just in rear of the roll i, and between each two adjacent top
rolls k, thus keeping the ribbands or fleecy slivers apart, and preventing
any two from passing under the same top roll k. As the fibres remaining
upon the fancy roll 9 (in its action upon the fibres upon the main
cylinder) pass on with the said roll they come against the auxiliary
clearer roll n which strips them from the fancy roll to be again stripped
from said clearer by another clearer roll o from which they are taken
by the teeth of the doffer cylinder x, and are removed from it with the
other fleecy fibres by the doffer comb.
From the receiver rollers i, k, the sliver is carried to the drawing
rolls and twister tube mechanism, by which it is properly condensed and
elongated and formed into a round sliver ready to be permanently
twisted and wound upon the bobbin by the flyer and bobbin mechanism.
The sliver passing from the receiver rolls through the first twister
tube I, thence between draw rolls and a top roll 8, thence under the
pincher bar t, thence to the second twister tube u, thence between draw
rolls and a top roll v¹, and thence to the top of the flyer tube w.

page_text: This drawing and twister mechanism being the same or substantially
the same in its construction and method of operating as that shewn in
the Patent above referred to.
-
The spindle and flyer have a relative construction and arrangement
similar to what is shown in English Patent, No. 2745, of William
Robert Lake, the Twenty-first day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine, the flyer being tubular and the spindle running
through it, the present Invention, so far as relates to the spindle and
flyer, being confined to the method of driving the flyer and the spindle
and to a provision for arresting movement of any one spindle and flyer
without disturbance of the others.
The sliver passes down through the tubular flyer neck w and out of
an eye y (below the bearing rail z) and thence to one of the flyer
arms a², from which it passes to and is wound upon the bobbin ʊ³ on
the spindle c. On the flyer shaft is a whorl or pulley d³, driven by a
band e³ actuated by a drum f', or by any suitable connection with the
main driving mechanism. The flyer shaft also carries another pulley or
whorl g², which is connected to and drives a pulley h² on a vertical
shaft by means of a band, and this shaft carries a drum ma
O connected by a band n² to a whorl or pulley o³ on the bobbin spindle c³,
so that the flyer drives the bobbin spindle and bobbin through the
intervention of the band, shaft ³, and band n³. The flyer and spindle
thus rotating in the same direction the twist will be imparted to the
sliver by the flyer, and to cause the yarn to be wound upon the bobbin
b the drum m² and the respective pulleys g³, h³, and o³ have such relative
diameters that the spindle is driven enough, slower or faster than the
flyer, to cause the wind upon the bobbin to take place as fast as may be
required, while by driving the spindle through the banding mechanism
the spindle driving band can slip upon the drum as the diameter of the
O wound yarn increases upon the bobbin. Instead of driving the spindles
by the bands, n², and auxiliary shaft, each bobbin may be driven
only by the bobbin thread, the bottom of the spindle being run through
a loop & attached at its lower end to one end of a spring & whose other
end is fastened to a collar 2 on a rocker shaft v². This shaft is
5 vibrated by mechanism connected with the mechanism that raises and
lowers the bobbin rail, and so that the tension of the spring and the
stress of the loop upon the spindle are increased as the bobbin is raised
and lessened as it falls, the stress of the spring causing friction of the

page_text: loop upon the bobbin spindle to slow the rotations of the bobbin and
cause the wind of the thread upon it, the increase and diminution of
the stress as the bobbin rises and falls causing the yarn to be evenly
wound from the stem of the bobbin to the full diameter of the head.
The stress of each spring may be adjusted by slipping the collar in t
either direction around the rocker shaft and fastening it in position by
a screw 20³.
To piece a broken sliver it is customary to stop the whole spinning
frame, but instead of making such stoppage a series of brake pins p² are
employed, one to each flyer, the pin having a screw thread and working 1
in a nut thread in the rail q³, its inner end being forced up to or away
from the flyer neck by turning a handle on the outer end of the
brake pin. When the sliver breaks the brake pin of the flyer to which
the sliver belongs is forced up against the flyer neck and thereby stops
the flyer and spindle, all the other flyers and mechanism keeping on in 1
their operation while the sliver is being mended.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the best
means with which I am acquainted for putting it into practice, I
claim,
Firstly. In combination with the leader or “licker-in" roll and the 2
main card cylinder the feed rolls c, e, and top rolls d, relatively arranged
substantially as shewn and described.
Secondly. Also in combination with the main card cylinder, fancy
roll, and doffer cylinder the clearer rolls n, o, arranged to operate
substantially as described.
Thirdly. Also in combination with the doffer cylinder, doffer comb,
and receiving rolls the fingers arranged to project between adjacent
slivers, substantially as shewn and described.
2
Fourthly. Also in a spinning mechanism a flyer and spindle
mechanism each flyer of which is driven as described and drives the 3
spindle by means of a pulley or whorl on the flyer banded to a pulley on
a shaft which carries a drum banded to a pulley on the bobbin spindle,
substantially as shewn and described.
Fifthly. Also in combination with the flyers and bobbin spindles the
loops, springs t², collar u², and rocker shaft ², combined and operating
substantially as described.

page_text: Sixthly. Also in a spinning mechanism a brake or stop for each flyer,
so arranged that any one flyer can be thrown out of operation without
arresting the operation of the other mechanism.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Horace Brandon, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the First day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witnesses to the signature of
Alexander Horace Brandon,
WILLIAM MORGAN BROWN.
WILL. HUGH SMITHSON.
A. H. BRANDON. (L.S.)