IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TANNIN
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Philippe François Micheá, of Wassind
Factory, Tamah District, in the Bombay Presidency, India, but at
present of Nos. 17 and 18; Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
TANNIN."
Sealed the 12th May 1874, and dated the 18th March 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Philippe François
Micheá at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th March 1874.
I, PAUL PHILIPPE FRANÇOIS MICHEÁ, of Wassind Factory, Tamah
District, in the Bombay Presidency, India, but at present of Nos. 17
and 18, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare.
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
TANNIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a process for the production of tannin from
tannin bearing plants, trees, fruits, Icaves, barks, or extracts thereof,
such as gall nuts, sumach, oak bark, valonia, hemlock, chesnut, divi divi,

page_text: myrobolans, mimosa catechu, mimosa Australiensis, mimosa Indica,
ucaria Gambier, canocarpus latifolia, mirobolana officinalis, ptenocarpus,
masurpium, butea frondosa, and the bark of the Indian terminalia.
According to my Invention the tannin is extracted from the said
plants, trees, or other substances by maccration or decoction either in
cold or hot water, to which is added either before, during, or after
maceration or decoction soluble salts of magnesia or lime, or a mixture
of both in quantity proportioned to the quantity of tannic acid contained
in the extract, such proportion being about 20 parts of the salt to 100
parts of the tannic acid. The salt or salts may, however, be consider-
ably in excess without affecting the result, and in practice I prefer an
excess, as thereby the tannin is prevented from being oxidised in the
succeeding stages of the process. As sea water contains a certain pro-
portion of salts of magnesia and lime it may be employed for effecting
the extract with or without the addition of such salts, according as may
be found convenient. A solution of common salt or of sulphate of soda
could also be used with the addition of lime and magnesia salts.
The liquid extract thus produced is treated with alkali, caustic or
carbonated, or with alkaline earths or their soluble carbonates or hydrates
for the precipitation of the tannin which it contains. I prefer for this
purpose to employ the carbonates of potass, soda, or ammonia; I add
them gradually as long as any tannin remains in solution; which I
ascertain by applying the usual tests for tannin, such as gelatine. In
practice I prefer not to continue the addition of alkaline matter till the
whole of the tannin is precipitated, but to leave a small portion still in
solution; and in this case, if thought desirable, the liquid may be
employed for effecting another extraction, so as to avoid waste of the
residue of tannin and salts which it contains.
The precipitate obtained by the above process is collected, and, if
thought desirable, inay be washed with sea water or solutions of common
salt, or of chloride of calcium, or of sulphate of magnesia, or of:
sulphate of soda. It will be found to contain a large proportion of
tannin, and may be used cither in a moist or dried state. For procuring,
it in a dried condition it may either be pressed into cakes or slowly dried
either at the ordinary temperature or at a moderate. heat... When it is
to be used for dycing it is suspended by stirring it in water, preferably.
lot water, and a small quantity of acid, preferably liydrochloric acid.or
+

page_text: acetic acid, is added, whereby the precipitate is dissolved and a solution
of tannin is obtained in a more or less concentrated state according to
the amount of water employed. In adding the acid care should be taken
to avoid excess; which is readily ascertained by leaving a portion of the
precipitate undissolved. And to avoid waste this residual portion
of the precipitate may be treated with a succeeding charge of the
precipitate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Paul Philippe François Michcú in the Great Scal
Patent Office on the 15th September 1874.
:
TO ALL. TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
PHILIPPE FRANÇOIS MICHEÁ, of Wassind Factory, Tamah District, in.
the Bombay Presidency, India, but at present of Nos. 17 and 18,
Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Paul Philippe François Micheá, Her special
license that I, the said Paul Philippe François Micheá, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Paul Philippe
François Micheá, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF TANNIN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Paul Philippe François Micheá, my
exccutors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Scal: Patent Office within six calendar. months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Philippe François Micheá, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
My Invention relates to a process for the production of tannin from
tannin bearing plants, trees, fruits, leaves, barks, or extracts thercof,
such as gall nuts, sumach, oak bark, volonia, hemlock, chesnut, divi divi,
myrobolans, mimosa catechu, mimosa Australiensis, mimosa Indica,
ucaria Gambier, canocarpus latifolia, mirobolana officinalis, ptenocarpus
masuṛpium, butea frondosa, and the bark of the Indian terminalia.
According to my Invention the tannin is extracted from the said
plants, trees, or other substances by maceration or decoction either in
cold or hot water, to which is added either before, during, or after
maceration or decoction soluble salts of magnesia or lime, or a mixture
of both, in quantity proportioned to the quantity of-tannic acid con-
tained in the extract, such proportion being about 20 parts of the salt
to 100 parts of the tannic acid. The salt or salts may, however, be
considerably in excess without affecting the result, and in practice I
prefer an excess, as thereby the tannin is prevented from being oxidised
in the succeeding stages of the process. As sea water contains a certain
proportion of salts of magnesia and lime it may be employed for effect-
ing the extract with or without the addition of such salts, according as
may be found convenient. A solution of common salt or of sulphate of
soda could also be used with the addition of lime and magnesia salts.
The liquid extract thus produced is treated with alkali, caustic or
carbonated, or with alkaline earths, or their soluble carbonates or
hydrates for the precipitation of the tannin which it contains. I prefer
for this purpose to employ the carbonates of potass, soda, or ammonia, I
add them gradually as long as any tannin remains in solution, which I
ascertain by applying the usual tests for tannin, such as gelatine. In
practice I prefer not to continue the addition of alkaline matter till the
whole of the tannin is precipitated, but to leave a small portion still in
solution, and in this case, if thought desirable, the liquid may be
employed for effecting another extraction so as to avoid waste of the
residue of tannin and salts which it contains.
18
The precipitate obtained by the above process is collected, and if
thought desirable may be washed with sea water or solutions of common

page_text: salt, or of chloride of calcium, or of sulphate of magnesia, or of sulphate
of soda. It will be found to contain a large proportion of tannin, and
may be used either in a moist or dried state. For procuring it in a dried
condition it may either be pressed into cakes or slowly dried either at
the ordinary temperature or at a moderate heat. When it is to be used for
dycing it is suspended by stirring it in water, preferably hot water, and
a small quantity of acid, such as hydrochloric acid or acetic acid, but
preferably the latter, is added, whereby the precipitate is dissolved and
a solution of tannin is obtained in a more or less concentrated state,
according to the amount of water employed. In adding the acid care
should be taken to avoid excess, which is readily ascertained by leaving
a portion of the precipitate undissolved. And to avoid waste this
residual portion of the precipitate may be treated with a succeeding
charge of the precipitate.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,-
First. The production of tannin from tannin bearing plants, trees,
fruits, leaves, or barks by preparing an extract from the said substances
by decoction or maceration, adding thereto soluble salts of magnesia or
lime or a mixture thereof with or without admixture of common salt or
soda, and treating the extract with alkali or alkaline earths or their
soluble carbonates or hydrates for the precipitation of the tannin there-
from, substantially as herein described.
Second. Preparing for dyeing purposes the tannin precipitate obtained
as above described by suspending it in water and adding thereto a small
quantity of acid, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Philippe François Micheá, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.