IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF SOLES FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF SOLES FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET""
Sealed the 23rd August 1853, and dated the 2nd June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd June 1853.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLES FOR
BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the making or manufacturing of solcing
for shoes or boots of either india rubber or gutta percha by passing the
material between two or more rollers, on one of which are patterns of
the sole to be made, into which the material is pressed, and at the
same moment cut or moulded in the shape of the sole by the pressure
of a smooth roller or calender against the periphery of the roller con-
taining the patterns, by which means the plastic material is moulded in

page_text: the pattern into the shape of the sole, with a thickness of the various
parts corresponding to the depth of the portions removed in the pattern
representing the fore part, shank, and heel, thus making in a single
operation the entire sole, which has previously required several distinct
processes.
Another improvement consists in making or forming a continuous
sheet of soleing, consisting of fore part, shank, and heel, by the com-
bined action of two rollers or calenders, one being smooth, and the
other having its periphery divided into three separate portions of greater
or less diameter, by which the various thicknesses are left in the sheet
as it passes between the rollers, corresponding to the fore part, shank,
and heel of the sole.
From these rollers the sheet passes between two others, on one of
which are raised moulds or patterns of the outline of the sole, which, by
the revolution of the roller, are made to impinge against the periphery
of the second roller, thus forming by the pressure a cutting or moulding
edge and making the sole.
By means of the present improvements the soles may also be
moulded in raised patterns on rollers by the pressure of other rollers
against the material as it passes between them, and by which it is
formed in a continuous sheet, portions of the sheet of materials being
forced into the mould which have raised edges of the shape of the sole,
with surfaces sunk in it corresponding to the fore part, shank, and heel,
and which, by pressure against the periphery of the smooth roller, cuts
out or moulds the whole shape of the sole with the parts, as above
mentioned, complete in a single operation.
A sinooth space or channel around the inside edge of the mould,
either flush with or raised above or depressed below the surface of the
fore part and heel, will serve the double purpose of an ornamental finish
to the shoe, and a firmer foot hold for the sole to prevent slipping while
walking.
Another improvement consists in the use of rollers heated by steam
or other equivalent means, by which the india rubber or gutta percha
while passing between them is heated or preserved in a heated, soft, and
plastic state fitted to receive impressions, or to be moulded in the

page_text: 5
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 2nd December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her
special license that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLES.
FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET," being a communi-
cation from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand:
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
alendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do
ereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
he same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
ained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the

page_text: Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):
This Invention of " Improvements in the Manufacture of Soles for
Boots and Shoes, and other Coverings for the Feet," and which has been
communicated to me from abroad, is described by my foreign corre-
spondent as consisting in making or manufacturing soleing of shoes or
boots of either india rubber or gutta percha by passing the material
between two or more rollers, on one of which are patterns of the sole to
be made, into which the material is pressed, and at the same moment
cut or moulded in the shape of the sole by the pressure of a smooth
roller or calender against the periphery of the roller containing the
patterns, by which means the plastic material is moulded in the pattern
into the shape of the sole, with a thickness of the various parts corre-
sponding to the depth of the portions removed in the pattern represent-
ing the fore part, shank, and heel, thus making in a single operation the
entire sole, which has previously required several distinct processes.
"Another improvement consists in making or forming a continuous
sheet of solcing, consisting of fore part, shank, and heel, by the combined
action of two rollers or calenders, one being smooth and the other
having its periphery divided into three separate portions of greater or
less diameter, by which the various thicknesses are left in the sheet as
it passes between the rollers, corresponding to the fore part, shank, and
heel of the sole.
-From these rollers the sheet passes between two others, on one of
which are raised moulds or patterns of the outline of the sole, which,
by the revolution of the roller, are made to impinge against the periphery
of the second roller, thus forming by the pressure a cutting or moulding
edge and making the sole.
By means of the present improvements the soles may also be
moulded in raised patterns on rollers by the pressure of other rollers
against the material as it passes between them, and by which it i
formed in a continuous sheet, portions of the sheet of materials being
forced into the moulds which have raised edges of the shape of the sole
with surfaces sunk in it corresponding to the fore part, shank, and heel
and which, by pressure against the periphery of the smooth roller, cut

page_text: out or moulds the whole shape of the sole with the parts, as abové
mentioned, complete in a single operation.
A smooth space or channel around the inside edge of the mould,
either flush with or raised above or depressed below the surface of the
fore part and heel, will serve the double purpose of an ornamental
finish to the shoe, and a firmer foot hold for the sole to prevent slipping
while walking.
Another improvement consists in the use of rollers heated by steam
or other equivalent means, by which the india rubber or gutta percha
while passing between them is heated or preserved in a heated, soft,
and plastic state, fitted to receive impressions, or to be moulded in the
patterns, and of being passed between the rollers or calenders in a
continuous sheet.
Fig. 1, in the accompanying Drawing is an end view of the soleing
machine. Fig. 2, is a front or side view of the same. Fig. 3, is a
section and view of one of the two rollers or calenders, shewing the
blocks or wedges fitted to the roller, with patterns of the sole cut in
then. Fig. 4, is a longitudinal sectional view of the lower roller, with
a longitudinal view of the blocks or wedges, patterns, or moulds of the
sole and other parts.
A, B, are the two rollers, which may be of iron or any suitable
material set in bearings a, a, b, b, of the frame C, C. The bearings of
the upper roller are fixed, but those of the lower roller are moveable
and adjustable by means of the set screws c, c, working in the cross
beams D, D. These screws have on their lower ends slots d, d, to
receive the feathers attached to the screw wheel g, g.
By turning the rod e, c, backwards or forwards, the screws f, f.
(Fig 1, and 2,) which are fixed thereon, are made to work in the
wheels g, g. A motion to the right or left may thus be given to the
wheels, and is transmitted by means of the feathers to the screws c, c,
working in the cross beam, thereby raising or lowering the bearings and
lower or soleing roller B, and admitting of its being separated from the
other either for increasing or decreasing its pressure against the upper
roller, or to admit of its being removed and cleaned as may be required.
Motion is transmitted to the rollers by any convenient means; in the

page_text: present case a pulley E, (Fig. 2,) is used, and is driven by a band F,
through which motion is communicated to the rollers by the wheels G, G,
which are mounted on their shafts and gear into each other.
The upper roller is smooth, but on the lower or soleing roller, as it
may be termed, are patterns or moulds H, H, H, cut in the periphery of
the roller itself on blocks I, I, I, fitted to the roller, as shewn in
Fig 3, and 4. h, h, h, (Fig. 4,) represents the fore part of the
sole; i, i, i, the shank; and j,j, j, the heel of the solc.
On the fore
part and heel may be made designs for purposes both useful and orna-
mental, and on the smooth space of the shank the manufacturer's or
inventor's or other names and dates as may be required.
When steam is
These rollers are heated by steam or other means.
used it is let in through the pipes k, k, and stop cocks l, l. m, m,
(Fig 3, and 4,) are passages through which the steam passes to the
inside of the rollers, the pipes being adjusted to these openings by
any convenient means that will admit of some play of the rollers while
working.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The material to form
the sole is passed between the rollers A, B, and pressed into the
patterns H, H, HI, thereby receiving a thickness in the various parts
corresponding to the depth of those portions of the heel j, shank i
fore part h, channel o, &c., and is at the same moment moulded into
the shape or form of the sole by the pressure of the periphery of
the smooth roller and the edge of the moulds, by which it is separated
from the sheet or main body of the material, with the exception of
small strips or portions that may be connected with the sheet through
channel ways leading from the mould for the purpose of withdrawing
the adhering sole from the mould or pattern.
It will now be seen that the whole sole is thus made in one operation
whereas it has hitherto required several distinct processes.
The shank marked i, in the Drawing, and which is represented raised
above the surface of the fore part and heel in the mould, effects two
important purposes it renders the sole thin and pliable at this place
and more agreeable in walking, at the same time it effects an important
economy in the saving of stock.

page_text: The above-described way of moulding a sole is not the only method
by which it can be effected, though I believe it to be one of the best;
there are several other ways in which that can be effected, some of
which I will proceed to describe.
A continuous shect of soleing is formed by passing the material
between the periphery of a smooth roller or calender, and another at
such a distance from it as is required; this latter is divided into three
different parts or peripheries of greater or less diameter, leaving as it
passes between them thicknesses in the soleing of more or less depth, cor-
responding to that required for the fore part, shank, and heel of the sole.
From these rollers the sheet passes between two others, on one of
which are raised moulds or patterns of the outline of the sole, which,
by the revolution of the calender, are made to impinge against the
periphery of the other calender or roller, thus forming by the pressure
a cutting or moulding edge and making the sole.
The continuous sheet is not necessarily formed by the process I have
described, it may be made in other ways equivalent to the same; as, for
instance, by using two or more sets of rollers, and making separate
sheets of soleing of a thickness required for the fore part, shank, and
heel of the sole, and joining them together by the edges so as to
form one sheet; or by making a continuous sheet of the thickness of
the shank, and laying on or joining to it the separate sheets forming
the fore part and heel; or by making the fore part and shank in two
sheets, and joining them together, and connecting the sheets forming
the heel to it by the edges, or vice versa.
A continuous sheet of soleing may also be formed with those parts
representing the fore part, shank, and heel made across the width of the
sheet, instead of lengthwise, as above described. This is done by
removing portions of the periphery of the soleing roller parallel with
the axis of the same, and of various widths and depths corresponding
to the parts representing the fore part, shank, and heel, by which the
sheet in passing between this and the smooth roller is moulded into
soleing across instead of lengthwise of the sheet.
The sole may also be made by other arrangements of moulds and
rollers.

page_text: Two rollers may be used, on one of which are patterns with a raised
edge of the shape of the sole, with surfaces sunk in it corresponding to
the fore part, shank, and heel, and which, by pressure against the peri-
phery of the smooth roller, cuts out or moulds the whole shape of the
sole with the parts, as above mentioned, complete in a single operation.
Channels may be made in the mould, as before described, by which a
connection is left between the sole and the shect to assist in withdraw-
ing the sole from the pattern.
The channel or smooth space o, o, on the outside of the fore part
and heel is considered an important improvement in the sole; it adds a
highly ornamental appearance to it, and contributes very niaterially to
a firmer foot hold to the sole while in contact with or moving over ice,
snow, &c., or other slippery substances; and more entirely to accomplish
both purposes it may be made flush with the surface of the forc part
and heel, or raised above or depressed below the same, as may be found
in practice best adapted for the purposes above mentioned.
Laving now described the Invention that has been communicated to
me as aforesaid, I would observe, in conclusion, that although I have
shewn and described the best arrangement and construction of parts
with which I am acquainted for carrying the said improvements into
effect, I do not mean or intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise
arrangement and construction of parts herein shewn and described, as
they may perhaps be varied without departing from the nature and
object of the present Invention; but that which I consider to be new,
and therefore wish to claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid, is, the making or forming or moulding of soles of
india rubber or gutta percha in moulds or patterns on a roller, by the
pressure of the periphery of one or more rollers against the material
while passing between them, by which means it is forced into the
mould, thereby at once receiving the form, shape, and thickness of the
pattern or mould, and those parts cut out or engraved therein, and
constituting the fore part, shank, and heel, and channel of the solc, as
described.
I also claim the making or forming of a continuous sheet of soleing
of india rubber or gutta percha, consisting of fore part, shank, and heel,

page_text: by means of two or more rollers or calenders, and then cutting it out
in the shape of the sole by passing it between other rollers, having on
them patterns or outlines of the shape of the sole, by which it is cut or
moulded in that shape, as described.
I also claim the making of soles by means of a continuous plain
sheet of the above materials, portions of which while passing between
the rollers are pressed into the moulds on the rollers, where it is
moulded into soles, or by other equivalent means by which the same
effect may be produced as specified.
I also claim the openings or channels in the mould, through which a
connection is left between the plastic materials in the mould and the
sheet, and by which the sole may be withdrawn from the pattern or
mould, as set forth.
And I finally claim the making of a continuous sheet of soleing, or
materials for making soles, as within described, by means of rollers or
calenders heated by steam or other equivalent means, by which the
materials in passing between them are heated or preserved in a heated,
soft, and plastic state, fitted to receive impressions of or be moulded
into soles, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the First day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
25 Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)

page_text: NORTH BRITISH RUBBER COMPANY'S (D. D. WILLIAMSON)
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION.
(NEWTON'S SPECIFICATION).
In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON,
of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP SOLES FOR BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET,"
bearing date the Second day of June, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three (No. 1360).
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION, filed by the North
British Rubber Company (Limited), of Castle Mills, Edinburgh, in the
Kingdom of Scotland, the Assignees of the said Letters Patent, according
to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS the said Letters Patent granted to the said William Edward
Newton on the Second day of June, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
three, were, on the Twenty-fifth day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty, assigned to the said Company: And whereas, since filing the Speci-
fication of the said Invention in pursuance of the said Patent, your Petitioners
have been advised that some of the claims at the end of the said Specification
are ambiguous in their meaning, and that doubts may be raised as to the
parts of the Invention which one or more of them are intended to cover, and

page_text: further that some of the details described and claimed in the said Specification
have been heretofore employed in processes of a somewhat analogous character,
and therefore the claims as to those parts of the said Invention may be called
in question.
We therefore desire to disclaim such objectionable parts of the said Speci-
fication, and to alter the same in manner herein-after expressed. We, the
said Company, do therefore, for the reasons aforesaid, disclaim the words
"Another improvement consists in," which immediately precede the words
"the use of rollers heated by steam," contained in the said Specification, and
also disclaim the words, "by which," contained in the same sentence or
paragraph in the said Specification, and we also alter the same sentence or
paragraph so that the same shall commence with these words, "By the use of
the rollers heated by steam or other equivalent means;" and we also disclaim
all the sentences or words in the said Specification commencing from and
inclusive of the words, "The above-described way of moulding," down to and
inclusive of the words, "The sole may also be made by other arrangements of
moulds and rollers."
"6
And immediately after the word "Invention," and before the first claim at
the end of the said Specification, we alter the said Specification by inserting
these words, "neither do I claim as any part of the said Invention any
of the machinery or apparatus above described, except as herein-after
specified."
"
66
And we also disclaim the last three claims, commencing with the words,
"I also claim the making of soles," down to the words "substantially as
specified," at or near to the end of the said Specification: And in order to
shew more clearly the effect of the Disclaimers and Alterations intended to be
hereby made, we declare that the said Specification as hereby altered shall,
with the aid of the Drawings annexed to the said Specification, henceforth
describe the Invention comprised in the said Letters Patent, as follows:-
This Invention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Soles for Boots
and Shoes and other Coverings for the Feet," and which has been communi-
cated to me from abroad, is described by my foreign correspondent as con-
sisting in making or manufacturing soleing of shoes or boots of either
india-rubber or gutta percha, by passing the material between two or more
rollers, on one of which are patterns of the sole to be made, into which the
material is pressed, and at the same moment cut or moulded in the shape of
the sole by the pressure of a smooth roller or callender against the periphery
of the roller containing the patterns, by which means the plastic material is
moulded in the pattern into the shape of the sole with a thickness of the

page_text: various parts corresponding to the depth of the portions removed in the pattern
representing the fore part, shank, and heel, thus making in a single operation
the entire sole, which has previously required several distinct processes.
Another improvement consists in making or forming a continuous sheet of
soleing, consisting of fore part, shank, and heel, by the combined action of
two rollers or callenders, one being smooth, and the other having its periphery
divided into three separate portions of greater or less diameter, by which the
various thicknesses are left in the sheet as it passes between the rollers cor-
responding to the fore part, shank, and heel of the sole.
From these rollers the sheet passes between two others, on one of which
are raised moulds or patterns of the outline of the sole, which by the
revolution of the roller are made to impinge against the periphery of the
second roller, thus forming by the pressure a cutting or moulding edge, and
making the sole.
By means of the present improvements the soles may also be moulded in
raised patterns on rollers by the pressure of other rollers against the material
as it passes between them, and by which it is formed in a continuous sheet,
portions of the sheet of materials being forced into the moulds, which have
raised edges of the shape of the sole, with surfaces sunk in it corresponding
to the fore part, shank, and heel, and which by pressure against the periphery
of the smooth roller cuts out or moulds the whole shape of the sole with the
parts as above mentioned complete in a single operation.
A smooth space or channel around the inside edge of the mould either
flush with or raised above or depressed below the surface of the fore part and
heel, will serve the double purpose of an ornamental finish to the shoe, and a
firmer foothold for the sole to prevent slipping while walking.
By the use of the rollers, heated by steam or other equivalent means, the
india-rubber or gutta percha while passing between them is heated or pre-
served in a heated, soft, and plastic state, fitted to receive impressions or to be
moulded in the patterns, and of being passed between the rollers or callenders
in a continuous sheet.
Fig. 1 in the accompanying Drawing is an end view of the soleing machine;
Fig. 2 is a front or side view of the same; Fig. 3 is a section and view of one
of the two rollers or callender, shewing the blocks or wedges fitted to the roller,
with patterns of the sole cut in them; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view
of the lower roller, with a longitudinal view of the blocks or wedges, patterns
or moulds of the sole and other parts.
A, B, are the two rollers, which may be
set in bearings a, a, b, b, of the frame C, C.
of iron or any suitable material,
The bearings of the upper roller

page_text: are fixed, but those of the lower roller are moveable and adjustable by means
of the set screws c, c, working in the cross beams D, D. These screws have
on their lower ends slots d, d, to receive the feathers attached to the screw
wheel g, g.
By turning the rod e, e, backwards or forwards the screws f. f. (Figures 1
and 2), which are fixed thereon, are made to work in the wheel's g, g. A
motion to the right or left may thus be given to the wheels, and is transmitted
by means of the feathers to the screws c, c, working in the cross beam, thereby
raising or lowering the bearings and lower or soleing roller B, and admitting
of its being separated from the other either for increasing or decreasing its
pressure against the upper roller, or to admit of its being removed and cleaned
as may be required.
Motion is transmitted to the rollers by any convenient means; in the
present case a pulley E (Fig. 2) is used, and is driven by a band F, through
which motion is communicated to the rollers by the wheels G, G, which are
mounted on their shafts, and gear into each other.
The upper roller is smooth, but on the lower or soleing roller, as it may be
termed, are patterns or moulds H, H, H, cut in the periphery of the roller
itself on blocks I, I, I, fitted to the roller, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4.
h, h, h, (Fig. 4) represents the fore part of the sole; i, i, i, the shank, and
jjj, the heel of the sole. On the fore part and heel may be made designs
for purposes both useful and ornamental, and on the smooth space of the
shank the manufacturers' or inventors' or other names and dates as may be
required.
These rollers are heated by steam or other means.
When steam is used
it is let in through the pipes k, k, and stop-cocks 1, 1. m, m, (Figures 3
and 4) are passages through which the steam passes to the inside of the
rollers, the pipes being adjusted to these openings by any convenient means
that will admit of some play of the rollers while working.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The material to form the sole
is passed between the rollers A, B, and pressed into the patterns H, H, H,
thereby receiving a thickness in the various parts corresponding to the depth
of those portions of the beel j, shank fore part h, channel o, &c., and is at
the same moment moulded into the shape or form of the sole by the pressure
of the periphery of the smooth roller and the edge of the moulds by which it
is separated from the sheet or main body of the material, with the exception
of small strips or portions that may be connected with the sheet through
channel ways leading from the mould for the purpose of withdrawing the
adhering sole from the mould or pattern.

page_text: It will now be seen that the whole sole is thus made in one operation,
whereas it has hitherto required several distinct processes.
The shank marked i in the Drawing, and which is represented raised above
the surface of the fore part and heel in the mould effects two important
purposes; it renders the sole thin and pliable at this place, and more
agreeable in walking, at the same time it effects an important economy in
the saving of stock.
Two rollers may be used, on one of which are patterns with a raised edge
of the shape of the sole, with surfaces sunk in it, corresponding to the fore
part, shank, and heel, and which by pressure against the periphery of the
smooth roller cuts out or moulds the whole shape of the sole, with the parts
as above mentioned, complete in a single operation. Channels may be made
in the mould, as before described, by which a connection is left between
the sole and the sheet to assist in withdrawing the sole from the pattern.
The channel or smooth space 0, 0, on the outside of the fore part and heel
is considered an important improvement in the sole; it adds a highly
ornamental appearance to it, and contributes very materially to a firmer
foothold to the sole while in contact with or moving over ice, snow, &c., or
other slippery substances, and more entirely to accomplish both purposes it
may be made flush with the surface of the fore part and heel, or raised
above or depressed below the same, as may be found in practice best adapted
for the purposes above mentioned..
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to me as
aforesaid, I would observe, in conclusion, that although I have shewn and
described the best arrangement and construction of parts with which I am
acquainted for carrying the said improvements into effect, I do not mean or
intend to confine myself rigidly to the precise arrangement and construction of
parts herein shewn and described, as they may, perhaps, be varied without
departing from the nature and object of the present Invention, neither do I
claim as any part of the said Invention any of the machinery or apparatus
above described, except as herein-after specified, but that which I consider to
be new, and therefore wish to claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid is, the making or forming or moulding of soles of india-
rubber or gutta percha in moulds or patterns on a roller by the pressure of
the periphery of one or more rollers against the material while passing between
them, by which means it is forced into the mould, thereby at once receiving
the form, shape, and thickness of the pattern or mould, and those parts cut out
or engraved therein, and constituting the fore part, shank, and heel, and
channel of the sole, as described.

page_text: I also claim the making or forming of a continuous sheet of soleing of india-
rubber or gutta percha, consisting of fore part, shank, and heel, by means of
two or more rollers or callenders, and then cutting it out in the shape of the
sole by passing it between other rollers having on them patterns or outlines of
the shape of the sole, by which it is cut or moulded in that shape, as described.
In witness whereof, the said North British Rubber Company have
caused their Common Seal to be hereunto affixed, the Twenty-sixth
day of November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one.
I hereby granted my fiat, giving leave to the above-mentioned North British
Rubber Company, Assignees of the said Letters Patent, to file in the Great 15
Seal Patent Office with the Specification to which the same relates, the
above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.