matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING, INDICATING, AND REGISTERING THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVES AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, AND OF STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ladislav Vojacek at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1871.
I, LADISLAV VOJACEK, Engineer, of Tetin, in Bohemia, in the
Empire of Austria, at present residing at No. 23, The Grove, Hammer-
smith, near London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING, INDICATING, AND REGISTERING
THE SPEED OF LOCOMOTIVES AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, AND OF STEAM AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in apparatus for indicating and registering in a
continuous manner the speed and the time of stopping and starting of
locomotives, carriages, and vessels.
The said apparatus consists of a vertical spindle or spindles, which
are put into rotation by any increase or decrease of the speed of the
carriage or vessel to be measured, by a number of weights suspended
from them by levers or rods of equal lengths, and guided by a suitable
guide excentrically to their axis. The object of this excentricity is to
put these systems of weights and levers in rotation through their

page_text: inertia, with every change of speed. I put two or more of such
excentrically moving apparatus symetrically together by means of
wheels, thus annulling the effect of lateral motion. The rotation is
transmitted to a screw with a nut, guided in the direction of the
screw axis, thus forming an indicator pointing on one side to numbers
indicating the velocity, and on the other marking it upon a band
of
paper, which paper
is divided by lines denoting the hours of
the day
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCALE BEAMS, BALANCES, AND WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kloen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
May 1871.
I, WILLIAM KLOEN, of the Firm of Martin, Billing, Son, and
Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Printers and
Stationers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCALE BEAMS, BALANCES, AND WEIGHING MACHINES," to be
as follows:
My improvements consist of the construction and combination of
parts herein-after described, whereby the scale beam, balance, or weighing
machine is made more sensitive in action and less liable to derange-
ment than scale beams, balances, and weighing machines of the ordinary
construction.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a scale beam.
Instead of supporting the beam at its middle on a knife edge resting
upon a plane or curved surface, I dispense with the said knife edge and
substitute in its place two points or conical supports. These points or
conical supports arc by preference of the figure of acute angled inverted
cones, their points terminating in the horizontal plane in which the

page_text: knife edge of an ordinary scale beam is situated. The support on
which the beam is carried is furnished with two cups or depressions,
in which the points or conical supports of the beam rest. These cups
or depressions may be made of agate or hardened steel or other hard
substance. The points or conical supports of the beam I make by pre-
ference of hardened steel, but I do not limit myself thereto.
I construct the ends of the beam in the manner described with respect
to the middle, that is to say, I dispense with the knife edges at the ends
of the beam, and employ in place thereof two points or supports of
the kind already described. The points or supports at the ends of the
beam like the knife edges which they replace have a position the reverse
of that which the points at the middle of the beam have, that is to
say, their terminations point upwards. Upon these points the box ends
of the beam rest, the said box ends being provided with inverted cups
or depressions which rest on the points at the ends of the beam.
The application of my Invention to balances and weighing machines
differs in no essential respect from its application to scale beams. In
each case I substitute points for the knife edges usually employed, and I
substitute cups or depressions for the said points to work in in place of
the planes on which the knife edges turn.
MAKING THE LIDS, COVERINGS, OPENINGS, OR APERTURES OF TINS, CASES, FLASKS, JARS, BOTTLES, OR OTHER VESSELS WATER-TIGHT, AIR-TIGHT, STEAM-TIGHT, AND IMPERMEABLE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October.
1871.
I, ROBERT HALL, of Saint John's Road, Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, Veterinary Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "MAKING THE LIDS, COVERINGS, OPENINGS, OR APERTURES
OF TINS, CASES, FLASKS, JARS, BOTTLES, OR OTHER VESSELS WATER-TIGHT,
AIR-TIGHT, STEAM-TIGHT, AND IMPERMEABLE," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of making one or more grooves on the upper
part of the tin or vessel, which is covered by the flange of the lid, in
these grooves a piece of packing is inserted, such as a piece of yarn,
cord, or elastic band, or a piece of hemp, covered with grease or white
lead on a cement composed of linseed meal made into a paste by mixing
with acetic acid or common vinegar.

page_text: The lids may be made either external or internal, and the entire body
of the tin may be corrugated from top to bottom, which would add
materially to its strength to withstand external pressure, in case it
should be desirable to form a vacuum in the tin or vessel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DERRICK CRANES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1871.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN, of Kilwinning, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DERRICK CRANES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the arrangement
and construction of derrick cranes, consists in the first place in employing
a double jib in place of the single jib heretofore in use with this class
of cranes, and the manner whereby this improvement is effected is as
follows The feet or lower extremities of the legs of the jib are both
furnished with a shoe, whilst near the bottom and upon the front edge of
both of the upright pillars or checks of the crane a socket is formed
into which the lower part of the shoe fits, and when placed therein
a long bolt or pin is passed transversely through holes in the metal
surrounding the said sockets, and also through corresponding holes
formed in the said lower parts of the shoes. By this means a joint is
formed for securing the lower part of the jib to the checks or vertical
pillars of the crane.

page_text: In the second place the improvements consist in providing this class
of cranes with revolving gear whereby they are slued or turned by the
working of the engine, and this improvement is accomplished in the
manner now to be set forth. At one side of the crane a spur wheel is
fixed upon the engine shaft, this wheel being geared into another
corresponding spur wheel fixed upon one end of a short counter shaft
supported in a suitable bearing formed in a bracket secured to or forming
part of one of the upright pillars or cheeks of the crane. Upon the
opposite end of this counter shaft a worm or screw is fixed and geared
into a worm wheel situated near the top of and free to revolve upon
a vertical shaft placed at one side of the crane and supported by bearings
projecting from one of the vertical pillars or checks. The said vertical
shaft and worm wheel are provided with a frictional clutch, by means
of which the motion communicated to the counter shaft from the engine
may be further transmitted to the vertical shaft. When necessary the
frictional clutch is capable of being thrown out and into working
contact by the attendant as desired by means of a hand lever. Upon
the lower end of the said vertical shaft a spur pinion is fixed, and geared
into a stationary spur wheel which is preferably formed in segments
rigidly fixed to a star plate bedded upon blocks of wood or other suitable
foundation. When it is desired to turn or slue the crane, the engine
being in motion, the frictional clutch herein-before set forth is thrown
into gear, whereby the vertical shaft is immediately made to revolve, and
through the spur pinion fixed upon the lower end of the said vertical
shaft being in gear with the stationary spur wheel as herein-before set
forth the crane is made to turn upon a pivot situated concentrically
with the said stationary spur wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN for the Invention of TREATING FATTY BODIES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Fortoul, of No. 48, Rue Taranne, Paris,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
TREATING FATTY BODIES."
Sealed the 28th May 1872, and dated the 1st December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Fortoul at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st December 1871.
1
I, LOUIS FORTOUL, of No 48, Rue Taranne, Paris, France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATTY BODIES," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
The Invention consists in a process of applying an electric current
in the operations for the treatment of fatty matters, such as melting,

page_text: saponification, and their conversion into substances derived from fatty
matters, such as oleine, glycerine, stearine, and oleic and stearic acids.
The process consists in isolating the vats or vessels in which the
operations are conducted by means of bad conductors of electricity, then
passing an electric current from a battery through the fatty matters
under treatment therein.
The time required for the treatment of fatty matters to be converted
into fatty acids is about two hours and the temperature about 80 degrees
centigrade.
This process is applicable to the melting of tallow.
By this means the yield is increased, the products are whiter, and
their point of fusion is raised to a higher temperature than usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING BUILDINGS AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOB
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Douglas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1871.
I, JOHN DOUGLAS, the younger, of Coupar, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING BUILDINGS AND IN THE APPARATUS OR
MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved arrangement of
combined stove and hot water apparatus for heating churches, halls,
conservatories, and other buildings by means of heated air, consists in
constructing the stove with a boiler or heating apparatus situated at the
interior thereof and immediately above the fire-grate. At one side of
the stove a cold water cistern is placed, and which communicates with
the boiler by a pipe or passage attached to the boiler at its lower part.
As the water is heated in the said boiler or heating apparatus it circulates
through a coil of pipes, which in lieu of being conducted through the
building to be heated, as in existing arrangements of heating apparatus,
are led around the stove, so that the heat given off from the sides of
the stove and from the water pipes produces a high temperature inthe

page_text: heating chamber. At that part of the apparatus where the coil of pipes
is returned to the boiler an expansion box is placed, into the upper
portion of which the steam from the hot water pipes escapes, and is
thence conducted through a pipe into the cold water cistern and con-
densed. Another pipe or passage is situated in the lower part of the
expansion box, through which the water after having circulated through
the coil of pipes herein-before set forth is conducted into the pipe
communicating with the boiler and cold water cistern, and is thence
led into the boiler and reheated. The chamber in which the apparatus
now set forth is situated is formed with gratings or openings at con-
venient parts thereof through which the cold air is admitted to the
chamber, and having been heated therein by the heat emitted from the
stove and hot water pipes is conducted into the building in connection
with which the apparatus is employed.
It is to be here understood that the heating apparatus herein-before
described may either be used alone or in conjunction with heating
apparatus as hitherto constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Jones and Thomas Hacking
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th February 1871.
WC, ISAAC JONES, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, Boiler
Maker, and Tuomas Hacking, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth,
Inspector of Boilers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:
Our Invention relates mainly to vertical boilers, and has for its object
the construction of such boilers in such a manner as to obtain an
increased heating surface, and consists in inserting in the tube or fire-
box thereof conical tubes open at their outer or larger ends, and closed
at their inner or smaller ends, and extending to near the centre of the
said tube or firc-box. The said conical tubes are made with flanges
slightly inclined to the centre line of the tube, so that the tubes when
riveted by their flanges to the tube or fire-box may be caused to incline
upwards at their smaller ends, for the purpose of facilitating the escape
of sediment from the interior of the said tubes at the outer or open end
of the same. The said conical tubes are arranged in horizontal series,
and by preference with the tubes in one series opposite to the spaces in

page_text: the next series, each circular series of tubes having a baffle plate inserted
in the central space formed by the inner ends of the tubes. The insertion
of such baffle plates in the centre of the tube or fire-box immediately
oyer the centre of the fire will cause the flame to be deflected and
directed towards the larger ends of the tubes. It will also strengthen
the tube or fire-box, so as to obviate the tendency to collapse by external
pressure. The water space between the tube or fire-box and the outer
shell of the boiler is increased so as to afford additional facilitics for
removing and fixing the conical tubes as required. The central space at
the inner ends of these tubes will also ordinarily afford ample room for
the same purpose.
Although our Invention as above stated specially relates to the use of
conical tubes in the tube or fire-box of vertical boilers, yet a smaller
number of such conical tubes may be used in horizontal boilers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MILLS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Campbell Eyton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1871.
I, WILLIAM CAMPBELL EYTON, of the Albert Iron Works, Warrington,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRINDING MILLS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference to that construction of grinding mills,
more particularly applicable as grist mills, in which a horizontal or
nearly horizontal conical runner is arranged to act in contact with a
stationary segment of stone, iron, or other suitable material partially
surrounding the lower part of its periphery.
My improvements consist, firstly, in rendering the said segment
adjustable against the runner by supporting it upon a slide capable of
being moved up or down an inclined bed by means of an adjusting
screw, so that by moving such slide up or down the inclined bed by
means of such screw the segment may be set closer against or farther
from the periphery of the runner. I furthermore render the angle at
which the segment is set adjustable relatively to the angle of the coned

page_text: surface of the runner, by hinging the segment at its lower end to the
before-mentioned slide, and supporting the upper end thereof by an
adjusting screw carried by the slide, so that the upper end of the
segment or that end at which the seed or other material to be ground
enters can by means of such adjusting screw be set farther away from
the surface of the runner than the lower end, thereby facilitating the
entrance of the seed or other material between the grinding surfaces.
Another improvement consists in arranging the screening apparatus
immediately behind the runner and in a line with the axis thereof,
so that the shaft of the runner by being extended backwards also serves
as the shaft of the revolving brushes, which bring the grist or other
ground material in contact with the cylindrical bolt cloth or screening
surface. The bolt cloth or screening surface is set at a short distance
from the back end of the runner, and in the space thus left in the casing
a shoot is provided; the opening into this shoot is furnished with a
slide, so that when it is not desired to pass the ground material into the
screening apparatus the said slide is opened, and the ground material
passes directly from the runner down the said shoot, while by closing
the slide the ground material is caused to pass into the screening
apparatus.
Another improvement consists in placing the aforesaid rotary brushes
at an angle to or in a helical direction relative to the shaft, instead of
parallel thereto as heretofore, so that the brushes in carrying the ground
material round against the bolt cloth or screening surface, at the same
time cause the material to travel longitudinally through the apparatus
from the inlet end to the delivery end, where a shoot is provided for
conveying away the ground material that has not passed through the
bolt cloth or screening surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN FURNACES THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Addie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th Marclí
1871.
I, JAMES ADDIE, of the Langloan Iron Works, Coatbridge, in the
County of Lanark, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN FURNACES
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
-
"
This Invention has for its object to manufacture iron from its ores in
a better and more economical manner than heretofore; and it consists
in a mode of reducing the iron either from its calcined or uncalcined
ores by causing a gas or mixture of gases such as is obtained from
coal or other carbonaceous fuel in what are known as gas producers
to pass over and through the ores in a suitable furnace. It is proposed
to make the furnace of a cylindrical form of about thirty feet in length
and three feet in diameter, and inclined at an angle of about forty-five
degrees of the circle. The gas will be admitted at about four points,
three being in the inclined part and one over the hearth at the lower
end. The materials will be charged in near the upper end by means of
a hopper closed by a bell and conc, whilst the extreme end will com-

page_text: municate with a chimney of sufficient height to produce the required
draught.
The precise forms of the parts of the furnace may be modified, pro-
vided that they are so arranged that the gas may pass over and amongst
the materials, and may act as uniformly as possible on all parts of
them.
AN IMPROVED SPRING METAL BOX FOR HOLDING MATCHES, FUSEES, STEEL PENS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rollason and Nehemiah
Brough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st October 1871.
We, WILLIAM ROLLASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Tin Plate Worker, and NEHEMIAH BROUGH, of the same Place, Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SPRING METAL BOX FOR HOLDING MATCHES, FUSEES, STEEL PENS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
1 ..
The object of this Invention is to construct a cheap metal box which
from its construction shall when closed bo securely fastened by a catch
and shall fly open when such catch is released.
These results are attained by so bending or forming the upper part
of the back of an ordinary metal match box, that when the lid is
partly closed it shall come against the upper part or portion of the upper
part of the back, so that to complete the closing of the lid either the
back or the lid has to yield, and this forms a spring which causes the lid
to fly open so soon as the lid is free.

page_text: One way of effecting this when the lid is simply a flat plate of metal
and at its back is bent over to form a tube, the ends of which are hinged
to the body of the box in the manner described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to W. E. Gedge on the 4th day of February, 1870,
(No. 325), is to bend the upper part of the back plate inwards and around
the tube at the back end of the lid so that the lid when partly closed
shall come against its upper edgo, or if a portion of the lid only is thus
bent over to form a tube and a pin fixed at its ends to the back is passed
through such tube, a portion only of the back may be thus bent inwards
and upwards, or if the lid is formed with descending sides and front and
back pieces a portion of the upper part of the back plate of the body of
the box above the hinge joint may be bent outwards so as to bear against
the back of the lid when the lid is partly closed.
The snap or catch for securing the lid when it is closed may con-
veniently be formed by turning over a small portion of the front part
of the upper lid, and which turned-over portion is caused to slip
over and afterwards to be held by a projection made in the front plate of
the box.
When it is desired to release the lid nothing more is needed than to
press inwardly that part of the front plate of the box in the immediate
vicinity of the catch, and the lid being released from the catch by
which it has been held is caused by the means above described to
spring open.'
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE RAKES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Giles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th Juno
1871. Partly a communication from abroad by W. W. Wallace, of
Pittsburgh, Pensylvania, United States of America.
I, ALFRED GILES, of Rugeley, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HORSE RAKES," to be as follows :-
These improvements refer to a novel construction of horse rake, and
are as follows:-On the inner side of the nave or central boss of one
of the road or travelling wheels, or on the spokes near the nave, thero
is arranged a ratchet or clutch shaped wheel which by means of a
lock bolt which fits into the teeth of the ratchet wheel can be brought
into gear with the axle to which the tines are attached by means of a
hand lever; or sometimes instead of having the ratchet or stud wheel
inside it may be on the outer rim of the wheel and acted upon by either
ac atch or lock bolt actuated by a lever or levers. When the lock bolt
is put into gear the revolving motion of the wheel consequently imparts
a revolving motion to the wheel axle, raising the tines from the ground
and dropping or discharging the hay or other crop. The hand lever
which works the locking bolt when the axle has been turned sufficiently

page_text: comes in contact with a bevilled guard on the shaft, whereby the lever
receives a receding motion and disengages the locking bolt which is
kept out of gear by means of a spring. The ratchet shape of the
teeth allows of the backing of the machine should the lock bolt
be in gear, the spring allowing it to yield or press back. The axle
with the tines as soon as released from the wheel fall back into their
normal position. The driver's seat is pivoted, and thereby connected
to the axle so as to be able to control the position of the tines, to some
extent raising or lowering them to follow any light obstructions on the
soil. The driver's seat has one or more slotted plates or catches for
the hand lever to fall into and act as stops, and which may be adjusted,
so that the tines can be set to any required height for gleaning or
raking. The tines are by preference made of steel wire, and are at
their upper end bent round to give elasticity, and a rod is passed through
the circle, which rod is secured to the wheel axle. Other kinds of tines 1
may be used and made to act either independently of each other or not,
and a small spring may be placed on the top or under each to keep them
down to the work as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR STACKS OR RICKS OF CORN OR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Horsell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1871.
I, HOWARD HORSELL, of Rabson Farm, Winterbourne Bassett, near
Swindon, in the County of Wilts, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERINGS FOR STACKS OR RICKS OF
CORN OR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE," to be as follows:-
Ordinarily stacks or ricks of corn and of other agricultural produce
are covered by the application thereto of thatching so as to protect them
from the injurious effects of weather, but such covering is rarely
effectual and considerable loss often in consequence follows, especially
when much rain falls on ricks or stacks recently so covered. The object
of my improvements is to remedy this evil. For this purpose I form
coverings for stacks or ricks of corn or other agricultural produce of
framing in sections, so that such may be conveniently portable and
readily connected together so as to form a compact weather-tight
roofing.

page_text: Each section I by. preference form in length corresponding with the
average width of a rick or stack, with inclined and horizontal bars, so
as to obtain for each a light frame with a ridge piece on each of them
from which ridge on each side I apply surfaces of wood, or felt, or
both combined or other suitable material, so that these surfaces may
incline from the ridge to the caves at each side with the edges of one
overlapping the next when two or more of them are employed on cach
side. One side edge or surface of each of these frames or sections is
formed with a turned under projection and the other with a correspond-
ing recess, so that when the sections are connected together, moisture
from rain or otherwise may be prevented from passing through the
joinings of such sections to the rick or stack below.
For large ricks or stacks or in other cases if desired there may be
more than one ridge with gutter or valley pieces between.
The parts may be connected securely together to protect them from
derangement by hooks, screws, or other suitable fastenings.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN THE MAnufacture of ELECTROTYPE MOULDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1871.-A communication from abroad by Silas Part-
ridge Knight, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United States
of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN THE MAnufacture of ELECTROTYPE MOULDS," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to effect that very delicate operation,
the metallicising of the surface of electrotype moulds with greater
eveness and facility than heretofore.
According to the ordinary plan dry plumbago is applied to the face
of the mould by means of a brush, and when carofully coated the mould
is exposed to the action of a bellows in order to remove all the loose
particles of plumbago therefrom. After this the mould is immersed in
alcohol, and afterwards washed by water under pressure. This process

page_text: requires great delicacy of manipulation, and it is not infrequent that
the finer portions of the mould are clogged with the metallic coating.
To remove the difficulties attendant on the metallicising of electrotype
moulds the following process is proposed to be adopted :-The moulding
case having been filled with melted wax or moulding composition the
surface of the latter is when cold brushed over with a mixture of
plumbago and water, and after this it is washed and the impression is
taken upon it in the usual way. The face of the mould is then for the
purpose of being metallicised treated with a mixture of plumbago and
water, which is thrown regularly and evenly upon it through a rose or
other distributing apparatus capable of directing it in numerous fine
streams by means of a force pump. This operation should be performed
in a trough or vat in which the mould is placed face upward, and from
which the mixture of blacklead and water is taken by the pump, and
back into which the mixture is allowed to flow from the face of the
mould, a sufficient film of plumbago having been obtained upon the
face of the mould in this way to obtain a perfect conducting surface.
The blank space surrounding the impression may be scraped or have a
little of some greasy substance rubbed over it to render it non-conducting
to electricity, and the mould is then dipped in clean water or has a
gentle stream of water passed over it to remove any surplus plumbago
and wet its entire surface, and is then ready for immersion in the
decomposing cell of the battery.
The mixture of plumbago and water used in the above described
operation may consist of about one pound of plumbago for every gallon
of water, though this density may be varied. To prepare the mixturo
enough alcohol may be first applied to the dry plumbago to moisten it,
and then the water may be added. The alcohol facilitates the mixture.
Bronze powder or other fine metallic powder may, if desired, be substi-
tuted for plumbago.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDINARY AND OTHER CARRIAGES USED BY INVALIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Augustus Ullithorne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th March 1871.
I, OSCAR AUGUSTUS ULLITHORNE, of No. 29, Burton Street, Eaton
Square, Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDINARY AND OTHER CARRIAGES USED BY
INVALIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ordinary and other
carriages used by invalids and to overcome the difficulties felt in placing
invalids, especially persons suffering from paralysis and from wounded
limbs easily and comfortably therein. For these purposes I make a
section or segment of the seat of the carriage turn horizontally upon a
hinge or pivot at the corner next to the door (such section or segment
carrying with it if desired a portion of the padded back of the carriage)
so that it can be turned round and the front of the seat be brought up
to the opening of the door, the invalid can then be conveniently placed
therein and the scat moved back. The moveable part of the seat being
made in a frame resting upon the fixed wooden seat of the carriage

page_text: will move by simply having the two surfaces even or by having a metal
rim moving in a groove, or small wheels or rollers. To support the outer
end of the seat when turned out there will be attached a leg with castor or
wheel to run along the bottom of the carriage if level, or upon a move-
able block of wood to be placed by the servant to fit in the bottom of the 5
carriage and removed after use, or the scat will rest on a bracket with
its deep part at the pivot end and moving round with the seat. If
desired the moveable part of the scat can be fitted with fixed or loose
arms, or the moveable part may be a mere framework to receive both
seat and invalid. The scat when required will be fitted with a foot 1
rest or steps to be raised or folded after the invalid is seated so as to
carry the lame limbs in without holding or lifting them.
AN IMPROVED Box IRON
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by James Phillips at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
August 1871.
I, JAMES PHILLIPS, of Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED Box IRON," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to such box irons as are heated by gas, and
consists in making them capable of axial revolution, so that while the
under side of the iron is being used the upper side is being heated, and
that when the said under side has become cool the iron may be reversed
and the heated side be brought undermost, and the cool side be brought
over the jet or jets of gas in the interior of the iron.
My improved iron consists of a hollow iron shell or case which is
heated internally by means of a gas burner, or of several gas burners
so constructed (by preference) as to be capable of burning gas in
admixture with atmospheric air, the said burner or burners being con-
nected to a flexible supply tube. The upper and under sides of the
iron are smooth or polished. A trunnion or axis is formed on the fore

page_text: end of the iron, which trunnion or axis turns in a bearing in one of
the supports or uprights, by means of which the iron is connected to
its handle. The rear end of the iron turns on a ring carried by the
other support, which said ring fits into a circular aperture at the back
of the iron, through which aperture the gas burner or burners is or are
introduced. Holes are made in the vertical sides of the iron to admit
air, tho draught being regulated by means of a sliding plate applied
to the aperture aforesaid. The iron is reversed as required by means of
a lever jointed to the trunnion or axis aforesaid, which lever when
not in action is held in position by a spring catch. When the under
side of the iron has become cool the lever is disengaged from its catch
and the iron is turned through a semi-revolution so as to bring its
heated side undermost and its cool side uppermost, when the said lever
is again made to engage with its catch and thereby hold the body of
the iron in the position to which it has been brought.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CHOPPING OR BREAKING LOAF SUGAR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hurd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1871.
I, FREDERICK HURD, of the Albion Foundry, Wakefield, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CHOPPING OR BREAKING LOAF
SUGAR," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in breaking the loaf of sugar into discs of
any required thickness by means of an angle or other shaped knife
worked by a treadle or by a piston actuated by compressed air or other
motive power, also in dividing the discs so produced into square or other
shaped lumps by means of two sets of cutters placed at right angles to
each other, and worked up and down by a piston actuated by compressed
air or other power; these cutters are set at any distance apart according
to the size of the lumps required, and in order to allow the broken pieces
to drop between the knives they are opened by expanding wedges or
otherwise after every. stroke. The broken pieces fall on sieves to
separate the lumps from the dust or powder.

page_text: My Invention also consists in breaking sugar by means of two sets of
cutters set at an angle to form a hopper into which the large lumps or
loaves are fed, and the lower ends of the cutters are set so as-to-cross-each.
other; by moving one or both of these sets of cutters the large lumps of
sugar are gradually reduced in size and escape only when cut or broken
to the desired size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE WATER
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Young Darracott Scott, of Ealing, in the
County of Middlesex, Major-General, C.B., for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE WATER."
Sealed the 26th February 1872, and dated the 29th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Young
Darracott Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 29th December 1871.
I, HENRY YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of
5 Middlesex, Major-General, C.B., do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE WATER,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the purification of the effluent sewage
water after the suspended matters have been removed from it, and the

page_text: abstraction and recovery of the ammonia held in solution therein. By
obtaining this valuable product the process of purification may be made
to pay its own expenses.
In carrying out my Invention I bring the previously clarified sewage
water into contact with animal charcoal or some form of charcoal
specially prepared for deodorizing purposes. The sewage water is
agitated with the charcoal so as to secure as far as possible that the
absorbent properties of the latter shall be exerted on each particle of the
liquid sewage. I prefer to accomplish this in tanks attached to the
precipitation tanks, and I agitate the ingredients therein in any
convenient manner so that they may be thoroughly mixed.
The same object may be accomplished by filtration through filter beds
of vegetable charcoal.
When the charcoal is judged to be nearly saturated with the matters
absorbed from the clarified sewage water, I remove it from the tanks:
and having allowed the water to drain off, the charcoal is dried at such a
temperature as it can be subjected to without expelling the ammonia.
The charcoal is then subjected to a red heat in a retort, and the
ammonia which is driven off mixed with steam is collected by any
convenient condensing apparatus or by passing it through an acid
solution. By this means are obtained products which can be readily
brought into marketable form by well-known methods.
The charcoal substances after being thus heated and revivified are
capable of being used over again for removing the ammonia from and
deodorizing fresh portions of sewage water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSED AIR HAMMERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sholl at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1871.
I, CHARLES SHOLL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COMPRESSED AIR HAMMERS," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to that class of hammers in which compressed
air is interposed between the lifting and striking parts of the hammer
so that the actuating mechanism is relieved of concussion. A revolving
crank is connected to a double piston rod and piston by a connecting
rod or pitman, the compressed air above and beneath the piston lifting
the hammer and striking the blow. A false bottom and stuffing box
are introduced into the cylinder of the hammer, so that the lower
portion of the piston rod may form a guide to insure the direct action
of the hammer. The great objection to all hammers of this kind for
crushing ores has been that the rapid motion of the cylinder draws the
débris up from the coffer, and the same cuts and soon destroys the
working parts. The upper part of the coffer of my improved hammer

page_text: is supplied with cups into which a constant discharge of water is kept
up, thereby supplying the stamping trough with water, and preventing
the rising of the stuff into the loose guide which is formed of lignum
vitae. And the water carries the fine particles of ore through a grating
surrounding the anvil. This hammer when used for forging is mounted i
between slides above an anvil, and the force of the blow is regulated
by a friction clutch, tightening belt, and fly wheel break.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ansell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1871.
I, WILLIAM ANSELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention has reference to those kinds of breech-loading fire-arms
commonly called drop down guns or guns in which the barrels turn
upon a joint on the body, the breech ends of the barrels being held
against the face of the break-off during the discharge of the gun and
raised from the said break-off for charging the gun.
My Invention consists of the combination or arrangement of parts
herein-after described for fastening down the barrels of the said guns for
discharging and releasing them for charging. I fasten down the barrels
by means of a horizontal spring or snap bolt working in the break-off
of the gun, the said bolt being situated in a plane parallel to the face
of the break-off and at right angles to the axes of the barrels. A
horizontal hole or recess is made in the break-off, in which hole the bolt
works, the middle of the said break-off being cut away to expose the

page_text: acting part of the bolt, the cut away part of the break-off opening into
the longitudinal recess in the body into which the lump underneath the
barrels takes. The middle of the bolt is inclined, a spring pressing upon
the bolt so as to bring its inclined part opposite the cut-away part of
the break-off. One end of the spring or snap bolt described projects
from the left-hand side of the gun, the said projecting end having a head
or button upon it. The lump between the barrels when the barrels are
depressed takes into the longitudinal recess in the body, the snap bolt
engaging with the nose of the said lump to fasten down the barrels.
The front of the said nose of the lump is curved, and near its junction
with the breech ends of the barrels is a scat upon which the bolt bears
to fasten down the barrels. The front of the said seat part oft he nose
is inclined so that when the barrels are shut down against the face of
the break-off the inclined nose part acting against the inclined part of
the bolt in the break-off pushes back the said bolt sufficiently far to
permit the seat part of the nose to pass below the said bolt. When
the barrels have been completely shut down the bolt returns by the
action of the spring to its normal position, and by snapping upon the
scat of the nose part of the lump underneath the barrels securely fastens
the barrels to the body and the gun is ready for discharge.
To release the barrels for loading the bolt is forced inwards by pressure
of the thumb upon the projecting head of the bolt so as to remove the
acting part of the said bolt from the seat on the lump. The barrels
being released rise from the face of the break-off and expose their open
breech ends for charging.
By my Invention great simplicity of the parts in secured combined
with efficiency of action.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONDUCTING AND DISTRIBUTING FLUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Prosser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1871.
I, WILLIAM PROSSER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancashire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR CONDUCTING AND DISTRIBUTING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
=-
I make an enlargement of a suitable form at the end of a pipe, and
in this enlargement place a number of fingers of a suitable shape, and
which are moveable, one end of which can be brought into the stream
of water issuing from the pipe by moving the other ends by means of a
revolving grooved cam. These ends break the stream of water into
several smaller streams. Around the edge of the same enlarged piece
I also fix a number of similar fingers, but which are not moveable;
these further subdivide the streams into fine spray. I may also dispense
with the moveable fingers and prolong the fixed fingers to a greater or
less extent according to the degree of fineness to which the water is to
be distributed. I may use this as a spreading nozzle, or I may continue
the first pipe into the enlargement, and by dispensing with the moveable

page_text: and fixed fingers and making suitable openings near the base of the
enlargement, and closing up the mouth of the inner pipe, I distribute
the water through the space between the pipe and its enlargement. I
propose to use this form for the jets of fountains. I may also prolong
the enlargement along the inner pipe until the one pipe is encased by
the other. One end of the enlarged pipe is closed or plugged up while
the corresponding end of the inner pipe is open. A fluid sent in along
the inner pipe traverses the space formed between the two pipes. I
may use this form to cool or warm other liquids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATES FOR REMOVING WOOL OR HAIR FROM HIDES AND SKINS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Willans Shaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th October 1871.-A communication from abroad by
Monsieur J. Watieau, of Antwerp, Belgium.
I, JOHN WILLIAM WILLANS SHAW, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATES FOR REMOVING WOOL OR HAIR FROM
HIDES AND SKINS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a machine for removing wool or hair from
hides and skins.
The machine consists of a suitable frame in which is mounted a drum
provided with radial blades of india-rubber or other elastic material
baving sufficient rigidity for the purpose disposed longitudinally on the
drum. In front of the drum and parallel therewith there is a beam on
which the skin to be operated on is placed. This beam is mounted in
guides in the framing, and is capable of adjustment (so as to bring it
nearer or closer to the drum as desired) by means of a regulating screw
operated by a winch handle, the motion of the beam being limited by

page_text: stops to prevent the beam approaching the drum too closely. The beam
may either have a straight edge throughout its length, or other parts of
varying length and outline may be substituted for the straight beam
according as it is desired to remove the wool or hair from the whole or
only from certain parts of the hide or skin.
The skin or hide to be operated on is first spread on the beam as
before mentioned, one edge being inserted between the beam and the
drum, and drawn downwards either by hand or otherwise, so as to keep
the skin stretched during the operation of removing the wool or hair,
which is effected by the contact of the blades of the drum, to which
rotary motion is imparted by band or other gearing. The wool or hair
falls as it is separated from the skin down an incline or shoot.