IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENONTING, MORTISING, AND SAWING WOOD, METAL, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Reilly, of No. 56, Thomas Street, in
the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Chair Manu-
facturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR TENONTING, MORTISING, AND SAWING WOOD, METAL, OR
OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 2nd June 1854, and dated the 2nd December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Reilly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd December 1853.
I, JAMES REILLY, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENONTING,
MORTISING, AND SAWING WOOD, METAL, OR OTHER MATERIALS" to be as
follows:-
I make a frame of any suitable metal or material, the centre part of
which works with a vertical motion, the article or material to bo
operated upon being fixed in a slot regulated to the proper dimensions

page_text: by set screws. The vertical or up and down motion of the machine
acting upon the material forms the tenon or mortise, and as will be
easily understood by the accompanying outline Drawing, enables the
operator to form it either square, bevil, or to any required angle. The
material to be tenonted or mortised is placed in the slot as shewn at a,
and the vertical motion of the machine forms the tenons or mortises to
the required shape. The two saws also, at the extreme points of the
machine, have a vertical motion given to them by a lever or other con-
trivance, so that by their up and down' niotion they operate upon the
wood or material, the same as the operation of sawing now in general
USC.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Reilly in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd June 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES REILLY, of No. 56, Thomas Strect, in the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Chair Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said James Reilly, Her special
licence that I, the said James Reilly, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Reilly, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TENONTING, MORTISING, AND SAWING WOOD,
METAL, OR OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said James Reilly; by an instrument in writing under my haud

page_text: and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Reilly, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-
My Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of mechanism, by
which I cut or form tenons and mortises, and is peculiarly adapted for
chair work, cabinet and cabriole work, joiner's work, ship carpenters,
& railway work, or other similar manufactures, but the principle is
equally applicable to other and larger work, by making the machine of
proportionate size and strength. It consists of a frame made of any
suitable metal or material, the cutters, planes, or centre part of which,
work with a quick vertical motion in slides or slots. The article or
material to be operated upon rests upon a moveable table upon which is
fixed a moveable fence or block, against which the article to be operated
upon is held, and causes it to move to any bevil or angle required, by
means of bolts and thumb screws. The vertical or up and down motion
of the planes or cutters acts upon the wood or material, and forms the
tenons or mortises as may be required, cither square, bevil, or to any
angle or cant. I also use one or more saws for cutting the wood or
material, and give them either a vertical or circular motion as may be
found most convenient. These improvements will be clearly understood
by reference to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same
letters of reference are used to represent similar parts where different
views or diagrams are shewn.. Fig. 1, is a side elevation of a com-
pound tenoning and mortising machine, which may be arranged either
conjointly or separately, and worked either by hand, treddles, levers, or
steam power, and the vertical motion of the planes or cutters may be
derived either from a shaft above or below the machine; and Fig. 2, iş
an end elevation of the same, shewing the arrangement for mortising.
Fig. 3, an end elevation, shewing the arrangement for tenoning; and

page_text: Fig. 4, a plan of the entire machine. Figs. 4a, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, are
plans of the planes or cutters, either in halves, or having one or more
spaces or openings adapted to one or more tenons. Fig. 10, is a top
view of a saw fornied as a ring, with one of its edges furnished with a
toothed saw either in one piece or in segments fixed to the edge of the
periphery of the ring so as to project from the surface of the rim,
which projection may be regulated to any dimensions according to the
sweeps required; and Fig. 11, is a side view of the same, but as already
mentioned, ordinary vertical or circular saws may be fixed in any con-
venient position to the frame of the machine for the purpose of cutting
or sawing the wood or material to the required dimensions. The
machine, on the accompanying Drawing, is shewn with fast and loose
pullies, and also a pully and hand wheel, either of which, or both, can
be applied if necessary. a, represents the framing of the machine; b,
the driving shaft; c, the fast and loose pullies; d, the pully to drive
by hand; e, the large hand wheel or pully furnished with the strap f;
at each end of the shaft is fastened the disc or plate g, into each of
which the pin h can be adjusted at various radii; these pius form the
cranks to which the connecting rods i and j are attached. The end of
the rod i is connected by the pink to the slide 1, furnished with a slot
or slots m, according to the number of tenons required, these slots
being bevilled to the back to admit of a angle of tenons, and to allow
the tenon when formed to pass through, and also a space for the
delivery of the cuttings or shavings. The slide 1, has either grooves or
projections, and works or moves in the supports or bearings n, n,
which can be shifted to accommodate any width of slide, in order to
adapt any width of planes or cutters; one of which, having a single
space, is shewn at o. The projection or abutment is made to slide up
and down by means of slots, screws, or similar contrivance to accommo-
date itself to the varying sizes of the different haunches. Attached to
the slide are the plates or surfaces p, p, which are placed near the edge
or edges of the cutter, and also at a short distance behind, thus leaving
a space between their surfaces and the edge or edges of the cutter.
They are employed as an abutment, against which the material to be
cut is pressed, and also to determine the thickness of the cutting or

page_text: shaving. The wood or material to be tenoned is shewn at q, and rests
apon a plate or table r, supported in its centre by the pin s, and the
bearings t, which are fixed to a projecting frame u, attached to the
main frame a, and having supports at v.
The table r is furnished
with radial slots or holes w, similar to the face plate of a lathe, by
means of which and the set screws x, I can attach to the said table
any shaped piece of wood or material, and fix it to any angle required.
The wood or material q is supported at the side by the block or fence
y, having a long slot through which the bolts pass, having heads which
fit in a number of grooves a', in the table, thus the block or fence y
has the facility of being placed at any required angle. In order to
form tenons after the table r and block or fence y are adjusted, the
wood or material has simply to be pressed against the stops p, the
cutting edges of the grooved cutter or cutters o immediately come in
contact with the wood or material, and cut off the sides of the tenon.
To the slide I fix cross pieces b¹, to which are fixed the saws c', thus
forming a vertical saw frame, deriving its motion with the slide 1, by
means of the connecting rod i and the crank h attached to the disc or
plate 9 on the driving shaft b. For mortising, the connecting rod j
acts upon a rod or spindle d', moving in the bearings e', e', attached to
the main frame a. In a hole at the bottom of the spindle the mor-
tising chiself is placed and held fast by the set screw g¹, thus the
chisel has a vertical motion, corresponding to the distance of the pin h'
from the centre of the disc g'. The wood or material to be mortised
is held upon the table ', which can be placed at any angle and held
fast by the screw m³, working in a nut in the spindle n', which spindle
can move up and down freely in the cylinder o' fixed to the frame a. To
the spindle, connecting rods p' are attached at one end, and at the
other, to a treddle q', having a balance weight; thus the work to be
mortised can be raised up to the chisel by the foot of the workman.
The cutters of the tenoning machine can also be used for surface
planing by using the edge or edges s'. In the planes or cutters, all the
edges of the groove or grooves are bevilled to the back side and made
sharp, as shewn in the sections, Figs. 6 and 7, and by the dotted lines
in Figs. 4 a, 5, 8, and 9. The edge or edges t¹ are for forming the

page_text: tenons, and the edge or edges u¹ can be advantageously used for taking
off a part of the root of the tenon. It will also be perceived that I
have shewn two peculiar shaped mortising chisels in Figs. 12, 13, 14,
& 15, which will be found very advantageous for such kinds of work.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said
Invention, I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine
myself to the exact details herein set forth, as such may be varied or
modified, without departing from the principle thereof; but I claim
the general arrangement and construction of the machinery or appa-
ratus for tenoning, mortising, mitreing, bevilling, and planing surfaces,
and sawing, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Reilly, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Reilly, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES REILLY. (L.S.)