Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware or Porcelain Filters and Analogous Articles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 21st July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware or Porcelain
Filters and Analogous Articles.
We, ANTONIO DA SILVA PRADO, of 46, Avenue Klébér, Paris, France,
Gentleman, and BONIFACIO MEDINA-SANTURIO, of Villa Maria, Houilles,
Seine et Oise, France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of filtering bodies of earthenware or
porcelain and analogous articles hitherto obtained by the ordinary processes of
moulding or casting.
Our invention is distinguished from the methods of manufacture hitherto
employed in so far that we first of all make a fusible core for the earthenware,
porcelain or other material which is to form the filtering body or analogous
article; such core, after serving its purpose, being subjected to the influence of
heat and rendered capable of escaping, the interior of the body being left hollow
and of the shape required.
The filtering body or other article is obtained by compressing around the
fusible core the substance from which it is to be produced. This substance
consists of kaolin, clay, asbestos or other elements ordinarily employed in the
manufacture of filtering bodies of porcelain or similar material. These elements
are powdered and combined in the desired proportions, and used, not in a state of
paste, but in a somewhat moist condition. The compression of the elements may
be effected by known methods.
The fusible core may be formed of various elements. For instance, it may be a
metal or metallic alloy fusible cr volatilisable at a temperature which may vary within
wile limits; or it may be compressed sawdust, to which there may be added, if
necessary, an agglutinant, such as gelatine; or it may be charcoal dust. We do
pot intend, however, to limit ourselves to any one of these elements, inasmuch as
ice or any suitable body or combination of ingredients whatsoever which becomes
liquid or volatile under the influence of heat may be used.
The core must be incompressible or nearly so, in order that it may resist the
pressure to which it is subjected during the manufacture of the filtering or other
body.
The outer walls of the core correspond in shape with the inner walls of the
filtering body or other article which it is desired to produce. The core is
preferably furnished with three or more projections which serve to keep the core
in its correct relative position. The core is now placed in any suitable apparatus
adapted for receiving the moist powdered elements and enabling them to be
compressed around it. Afterwards the moulded body containing the core is taken
out of the apparatus and placed in an oven previously heated to the temperature
whereat the core becomes liquid or volatile. The liquefied or volatilised core may

page_text: escape through the holes originally occupied by the projections on the solid core.
After the escape of the fusible core, the article is placed in an oven or kiln and
burned in the ordinary way.
For compressing the powdered elements around the core, it is advantageous to
employ an apparatus comprising a matrix adapted to give the filtering body or
other article the desired external form. Recessed parts, which, if produced by the
matrix would prevent the separation of the body or article and the matrix, can be
obtained by means of one or more pieces of a fusible or combustible material
attached to the matrix.
When the core is made of a fusible metal or inetallic alloy, it is advantageous to
apply on the surface of the same, before compressing the powdered elements
against it, some pulverized charcoal in order to prevent the oxidation of the metal
or alloy at the moment of its fusion, thus avoiding the deposit which would other-
wise result on the inner wall of the filtering body or other article.
Dated this 21st day of July 1893.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Earthenware or Porcelain
Filters and Analogous Articles.
We, ANTONIO DA SILVA PRADO, of 46, Avenue Klébér, Paris, France,
Gentleman, and BONIFACIO MEDINA-SANTURIO, of Villa Maria, Houilles,
Seine et Oise, France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of filtering bodies of earthenware or
porcelain and analogous articles hitherto obtained by the ordinary processes of
moulding or casting.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a filtering body produced according to our improved
method.
Fig. 2 is a corresponding end elevation.
Fig. 3 is a cross section of the fusible core, the partially manufactured filtering
body and the divided matrix.
Fig. 4 is a plan of the fusible core and lower part of the matrix; the periphery
of the partially manufactured filtering body being visible in horizontal section.
Our invention is distinguished from the methods of manufacture hitherto employed
in so far that we first of all make a fusible core a for the earthenware, porcelain or
other material which is to form the filtering body or analogous article b; such core,
alter serving its purpose, being subjected to the influence of heat and rendered
capable of escaping; the interior of the body being left hollow and of the shape
required (see Fig. 1).
These
The filtering body or other article b is obtained by compressing around the fusible
core a the substance from which that body is to be produced. This substance
consists of kaolin, clay, asbestos or other elements ordinarily employed in the
manufacture of filtering or other bodies of porcelain or similar material.
elements are powdered and combined in the desired proportions, and used, not in a
state of paste, but in a somewhat moist condition. The compression of the elements
may be effected by known methods.
The fusible core a may be formed of various elements. For instance, it may be
a metal or metallic alloy fusible or volatilisable at a temperature which may vary
within wide limits; or it may be compressed sawdust, to which there may be added,
if necessary, an agglutinant, such as gelatine; or it may be charcoal dust. We do

page_text: not intend, however, to limit ourselves to any one of these elements, inasmuch as ice
or any suitable body or combination of ingredients whatsoever which becomes liquid
or volatile under the influence of heat may be used.
The core a must be incompressible or nearly so, in order that it may resist the
pressure to which it is subjected during the manufacture of the filtering or other
body.
The outer walls of the core correspond in shape with the inner walls of the
filtering body or other article which it is desired to produce (see Fig. 3). The
core a is preferably furnished with three or more projections c which serve to keep
the core in its correct relative position. The core is placed in any suitable apparatus
adapted for receiving the moist powdered elements and enabling them to be com-
pressed around it. Afterwards the moulded body containing the core is taken out
of the apparatus and put in an oven previously heated to the temperature whereat
the core becomes liquid or volatile. The liquefied or volatised core may escape
through the holes originally occupied by the projections c on the solid core. After
the escape of the fusible core, the article is placed in an oven or kiln and burned in
the ordinary way; the escape holes being stopped and the boss opened or trimmed
in the usual manner.
For compressing the powdered elements around the core, it is advantageous to
employ an apparatus comprising a divided matrix d d' (Figs. 3 and 4) adapted to
give the filtering body or other article the desired external form. Recessed parts,
which, if produced by the matrix, would prevent the separation of the body or
article and the matrix, can be obtained by means of one or more pieces of a fusible
or combustible material attached to the matrix.
When the core is made of a fusible metal or metallic alloy, it is advantageous to
apply on the surface of the same, before compressing the powdered elements against
it, some pulverized charcoal in order to prevent the oxidation of the metal or alloy
at the moment of its fusion, thus avoiding the deposit which would otherwise result
on the inner wall of the filtering body or other article.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we claim :-
:-
1. The improved manufacture of filtering body or analogous article substantially
as herein described.
2. In the manufacture of a filtering body or analogous article, the employment of
a fusible core, substantially as herein described.
3. The improved method of manufacturing a filtering body or analogous article
of earthenware or porcelain substantially as herein described, the same consisting in
the employment of a fusible core about which the moist powdered elements of the
filtering body or other article are compressed and subsequently dried, the fusible
core being thereafter liquefied and removed, whereupon the raw filtering or other
body is left ready for burning in an ordinary oven or kiln.
4. The improved method of manufacturing a filtering body or analogous article
of earthenware or porcelain substantially as herein described, the same consisting
in compressing the moist powdered elements of the filtering or other body between
a fusible core and a divided mould, the mould being subsequently removed, and the
core tused and permitted to escape, whereupon the raw filtering or other body is left
ready for burning in an ordinary oven or kiln.
Dated the 21st day of April 1804