IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF SPIRITUOUS AND OTHER LIQUORS, AND IN APPARATHS TO RE EMPLOYED THEREFOR "
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Dudgeon, of Number 22, Great George
Street, Westminster, London, S.W., and Number 163, Great
Brunswick Street, Dublin, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE DISTILLATION OF SPIRITUOUS AND OTHER LIQUORS, AND IN
APPARATHS TO RE EMPLOYED THEREFOR
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Arthur Dudgeon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 30th August 1875, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
DUDGEON, of No. 22, Great George Street, Westminster, London, S.W.,
and No. 163, Great Brunswick Street, Dublin, Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: EMPLOYED THEREFOR," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters-Patent-
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true
and first Inventor thereof.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Dudgeon, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the
following statement :-
The Invention consists of improvements upon the Invention of
George Johnston, which said Invention of the said George Johnston
forms the subject of the Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth May One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, and is described in the Specifi-
cation in pursuance of the conditions of Letters Patent filed by the said
George Johnston in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the Twentieth
November One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
The first improvement consists in the combination of the series of
chambers described in Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth May One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, or any of them, with or without
any or all of the improvements herein-after described, with the ordinary a
wash pot still, such combination being carried out either by placing the
series of chambers, or any of them, on top of the pot still in place of the
ordinary head, or by placing the series of chambers at the side of the
common wash pot still, this improvement having for its object the
adaptation of the existing crude processes and apparatus to the Johnston 2
process.
The second improvement consists of the introduction of a cold water
coil into the upper or vapor space of the common wash pot still, whereby
the spirituosity of the vapor arising therefrom shall be increased, and
the quantity of liquor arising from the condensation of said vapors shall 3
be decreased, the quantity of water passing through the aforesaid coil
being regulated by a cock at the inlet or outlet thereof, and the tem-
perature of the vapor being regulated by reference to a thermometer
inserted into the head of the wash pot still above the coil.
B
The third improvement consists in the combination of the series of 3
chambers described in Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth May One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, or any of them, with or without

page_text: any or all of the improvements herein-after described, with the ordinary
low wine still in common use, such combination being carried out either
by placing the series of chambers, or any of them, on top of the low wine
still in place of the ordinary head, or by placing the series of chambers
at the side of the common low wine still; the improvement having for
its object the adaptation of the existing crude processes and apparatus
to the Johnston process.
The fourth improvement consists in the introduction of a cold water
coil into the upper or vapor space of the common low wine still, whereby
the spirituosity of the vapor arising therefrom shall be increased and the
quantity of liquor arising from the condensation of said vapor shall be
decreased, the quantity of water passing. through the aforesaid coil being
regulated by a cock at the inlet or outlet thereof, and the temperature
of the vapor being regulated by reference to a thermometer inserted
into the head of the low wine still above the coil.
.
The fifth improvement consists in the combination of the series of
chambers described in Patent No.. 1568, dated Twentieth May One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, or any of them, with or without
any or all of the improvements berein-after described, with the ordinary
spirit still in common use, such combination being carried out either by
placing the series of chambers, or any of them, on top of the spirit
still in place of the ordinary head, or by placing the series of chambers
at the side of the common spirit still; this improvement having for its
object the adaptation of the existing crude process and apparatus to the
Johnston process.
The sixth improvement consists in the introduction of a cold water
coil into the upper or vapor space of the common spirit still, whereby
the spirituosity of the vapor arising therefrom shall be increased and the
quantity of liquor arising from the condensation of the said vapor shall
be decreased; the quantity of water passing through the aforesaid coil
being regulated by a cock at the inlet or outlet thereof, and the tem-
perature of the vapor being regulated by reference to a thermometer
inserted into the head of the spirit still above the coil.
The cooling surface offered to the vapors by the coils of pipes herein-
before described may be given by any similar arrangement instead of
the coils, as for instance, by a flat or deep bell-shaped hollow hood
within the vapor space of the still, the surface of the hood being

page_text: .
regulated to the requisite temperature by the admission of cold water
within the hollow space in a similar manner as to the coils of pipes;
and I claim as an improvement the hollow bell-shaped hoods in lieu of
the coils under certain circumstances in the chambers of the column,
described in Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth May One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine.
The seventh improvement consists in placing the two sections of the
still, as described in Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth May One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine, one above the other instead of side by
*side.
3.4
The eighth improvement consists in continuing the coils of pipes
Shewn in the second section of the still, described in Patent No. 1568,
dated Twentieth May One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, into
and through all or any of the remaining chambers of the column down
to, but exclusive of, the bottom chamber or retort, and where the con-
struction of the still, as described in Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth
May One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, is retained then; the
improvement consists in introducing an additional coil or coils into and
through the first chambers; and to enable the alterations to be made
with facility the first chambers may be made in the same manner as the
last or upper chambers of the column.
The ninth improvement consists in the introduction of an additional
coil into the retort or bottom chamber of the column in addition to the
continuous coil in the chambers above, as described in Patent No. 1568,
dated Twentieth May One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, or
as herein-before described.
The tenth improvement consists in continuing the aforesaid coils in
certain cases, or where necessary or advisable to do so, not only through
all the chambers but through the retort at bottom of the column and
'through the vapor space of the wash pot still, low wine still, and spirit
still, where the same may be used, or any of them.
The eleventh improvement consists in passing the liquor to be
distilled through the coil or coils in the vapor space of the 'stills, retort,
or chambers of the column, whereby the liquor is heated ready for the
next charge.
The twelfth improvement consists in an arrangement of guages, cocks,
and thermometers in such a manner that a sample of the liquor or vapor

page_text: at a given temperature or at any portion of the apparatus may be
obtained with facility, or, if necessary, the contents of any one or more
of the chambers may be withdrawn or discharged into any of the
chambers below or back into the still.
... The thirteenth improvement consists in arranging the apparatus in
such a manner that the distillation may be conducted either at a single
operation or by a double or treble operation, all or any of the stills being
fitted with regulating coils, as herein-before described.
The fourteenth improvement consists in coiling the pipe marked M
in Drawing attached to the Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth May. One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the upper chamber in such a
manner that the diluting water where such is being used, or the liquer
to be distilled when so introduced into the still shall when discharged
into the top chamber be of the precise temperature requisite, and its
admixture with the liquer in the top chamber will thus in no way
interfere with, check, or disturb the continuity and steadiness of the
process...
The fifteenth improvement consists in introducing the liquor to be
distilled when the same does not require to be worked off in separate
charges into the head of the column through the pipe marked M in
the Patent No. 1568, dated Twentieth May One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-nine, or in the manner described in previous paragraph, and
more than one liquor may be introduced at the one time by separate
pipes. In this manner the operation may be made continuous by
providing for the outlet of the spent liquor from the still below, and
a continuous distillation at any given temperature may be thus
effected with precision, and the liquor may be introduced not only
into the top chamber but into any other portion of the apparatus
according to the nature of the material to be distilled.
I claim the whole of the improvements herein-before specified in
whole or in part, as well as the combination of the said improvements
with the Invention of the said George Johnston, in whole or in part,
and the combination of the Invention of the said George Johnston and
all or any of the above improvements with any and all other distilling
apparatus in whole or in part, whether for spirituous liquors, aromatic
liquors, vegetable or mineral oils, tars, or any other liquids, vapors, or
gases proceeding from the wet or dry distillation of any substance

page_text: whatever. And I do not bind myself to any precise mode of carrying
out the foregoing Invention and improvements; the size of the various
chambers, their number, their relative position, and the nature of the
material used in their construction must vary necessarily with the nature
of the material submitted to distillation; but I claim the Inventions,
improvements, and combinations in whole or in part, or any mere modi-
fication thereof, substantially as herein-before described.
Witness to the signature of
Arthur Dudgeon,
WILLIAM DUDGEON,
22, Great George Street,
•Westminster.
ARTHUR DUDGEON. (L.S.)
26th August, 1875.