A NEW AND USEFUL METHOD OF INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF, AND FOR PRESERVING CLOTHS AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS USED FOR SAILS, TARPAULINGS, TENTS, AND OTHER COVERINGS ALSO ALL KINDS OF ROPES AND CABLES AND TELEGRAPH WIRES; ALSO ALL WOODS, METALS. AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN BUILDINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONS ON LAND OR ON WATER, AND ALL OBJECTS EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF ACIDS, ALKALIS, GASES, FIRE, FRESH OR SALT WATER, ATMOSPHERIC OR OTHER LIKE DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCES, BY THE APPLICATION OF GRAPHITE." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1862

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Jacob Snider, junior, of Pennsylvania, United States
of America, late of Paris, Empire of France, now of No. 51, Dorset
Street, London, for the Invention of "A NEW AND USEFUL METHOD OF
INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF, AND FOR PRESERVING CLOTHS AND OTHER LIKE
FABRICS USED FOR SAILS, TARPAULINGS, TENTS, AND OTHER COVERINGS ALSO
ALL KINDS OF ROPES AND CABLES AND TELEGRAPH WIRES; ALSO ALL WOODS,
METALS. AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN BUILDINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONS ON
LAND OR ON WATER, AND ALL OBJECTS EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF ACIDS,
ALKALIS, GASES, FIRE, FRESH OR SALT WATER, ATMOSPHERIC OR OTHER LIKE
DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCES, BY THE APPLICATION OF GRAPHITE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jacob Suider at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his l'etition, on the 6th
September 1862.
I, JACOB SNIDER, junior, of Pennsylvania, United States of America,
late of Paris, Empire of France, now of No. 51, Dorset Street, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Tuvention for "A NEW AND USEFUL
METHOD OF INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF, AND FOR PRESERVING CLOTHS AND OTHER LIKE
FABRICS USED FOR SAILS, TARPAULINGS. TENTS, AND OTHER COVERINGS: ALSO ALL
KINDS OF ROPES AND CABLES AND TELEGRAPH WIRES: ALSO ALL WOODS, METALS,
AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN BUILDINGS OR CONSTRUCTION ON LAND OR ON
WATER. AND ALL OBJECTS EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF ACIDS, ALKALIS. GASES, FIRE,
Price Sd

page_text: FRESH OR SALT WATER. ATMOSPHERIC OR OTHER LIKE DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCES. BY
THE APPLICATION OF GRAPHITE," to be as follows:-
I first make or prepare a "composition," of which graphite is the
principal element or base, in the manner described in Letters Patent,
No. 3024, dated December the 2nd, A.D. 1861, granted unto Gerard
Ralston, as a communication to him from abroad by Jacob Suider,
junior, of Pennsylvania, United States of America, now residing at
Paris, Empire of France, and I also make and prepare a "paint," of
which graphite is the principal element or base, in manner described in
the said Letters Patent, No. 3024, dated December the 2nd, A.D. 1861,
which "composition" and "paint" I apply, as herein set forth in this
Specification, for increasing the durability of, and for preserving certain
objects or substances, as herein described, as follows:-
First, in the application of graphite as a preservative to "cloths and
other like fabrics used for sails, tarpaulings, tents, and other coverings;"
said cloths or other fabrics are to be immersed into a hot bath or solution
of my "graphitic composition," and taken thence and put on stretching
frames to dry. When dry, a coat of the "graphite paint," with but a
small quantity of drying material added thereto, is to be laid on with
brushes and then left to dry, and the operation is complete. Very light
cloths and fabrics may be sufficiently preserved by the single process of
the submersion in the hot "graphitic composition" and then left to dry,
or add a very light or heavier coat of the "graphite paint," as described,
in proportion to the thickness or weight of the cloth or fabric acted upon,
and to the lighter or heavier usage it is destined for. In the applica-
tion as above described no dryer or varnish whatever should be added to
the hot "graphitic composition," and the preservative qualities or con-
ditions of the objects will be enhanced if the surfaces of same be well
rubbed with dry hard brushes before applying the coating of "graphite
paint."
14
Second, in the application of "graphite" as a preservative of all kinds
of ropes and cables and telegraph wires." An application of the
graphitic composition" in a heated state must first be made by immer-
sion of the objects therein or otherwise, and then, when perfectly dried,
add to said objects one or more coatings of the "graphite paint" by
immersing the ropes, cables, or wires therein, or otherwise.
Third, in the application of "graphite" as a preservative to "all woods,
metals, and other materials used in buildings or constructions on land
or on water, and all objects exposed to the action of acids, alkalis, gases,

page_text: fire, atmospheric or other like destructive influences." An application
of the "graphitic composition" is first to be made, and preferable, in a
heated state, and when the objects are of metal the said composition
must be used in a heated state to attain the most efficient preservative
results; but in such latter case, as in all others named under this head,
as also under the foregoing section "Second," the "graphitic composi-
may have a very small quantity of drying material added, and
then, when the graphitic composition" shall be perfectly "set" or dry,
one or more coatings of the "graphite paint" must be applied, and the
said "graphite paint," in such cases, may contain a very small portion of
drying material. Time is a most essential element in order to secure
the most efficient application of "graphite" as combined with other
substances, as referred to and described to the respective objects and
the purposes named. In all cases each respective application of the
"graphitic composition" or "graphite paint" must be allowed to become
perfectly dry. before the application of a subsequent coating. And
whilst say that, under certain conditions, as referred to under sections
preceeding, marked "Second" and "Third," a very small portion of dry-
ing material may be used, the preservative qualities of the "graphitic
composition" and "graphite paint" will be greater if all "dryers" be dis-
pensed with and ample time allowed for each respective coating of the
'composition" and "paint," as referred to and described, to "set" or
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jacob Snider in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JACOB
SNIDER, junior, of Pennsylvania, United States of America, late of Paris,
Empire of France, now of No. 51, Dorset Street, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS er most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by llei Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Jacob Snider, junior. Her special licence that I, the
said Jacob Snider, junior, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Jacob Snider, junior, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from

page_text: time to time and at all times thereafter during the term thereit.
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW AND USEFUL METHOD OF
INCREASING THE DURABILITY OF. AND FOR PRESERVING CLOTHS AND OTHER LIKE
FABRICS USED FOR SAILS. TARPAULINGS. TENTS, AND OTHER COVERINGS: ALSO ALL
KINDS OF ROPES AND CABLES AND TELEGRAPH WIRES; ALSO ALL WOODS METALS
AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN BUILDINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONS, ON LAND OR ON WATER,
AND ALL OBJECTS EXPOSED TO THE ACTION OF ACIDS, ALKALIS, GASES, FIRE. FRESH
OR SALT WATER. ATMOSPHERIC OR OTHER LIKE DESTRUCTIVE INFLUENCES, BY THE
APPLICATION OF GRAPHITE," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1,
the said Jacob Snider, junior, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jacob Snider, junior, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
-
I first make or prepare a composition. of which graphite is the princi-
ple element or base, in the manner described in the Specification of a
Patent dated December the Second, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-one, No. 3024, granted unto Gerard Ralston, as a communication
to him from abroad by Jacob Snider, junior, of Pennsylvania, United
States of America, now residing at Paris, Empire of France; I also make
and prepare a "paint," of which graphite is the principle element or base,
in manner described in the said Letters Patent, No. 3024, dated
December the Second, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-one. This composition and paint I apply, as hereafter
described, for increasing the durability of, and for preserving certain
objects or substances, also as hereafter described.
First, in the application of graphite as a preservative to "cloths" and
other like fabrics used for sails, tarpaulings, tents, and other coverings.
The cloths or other fabrics are immersed in a hot bath or solution of my
graphite composition" and taken thence and put on stretching frames
to dry, or they may be dried in any other convenient manner. When
"

page_text: 6.
diy, a coat of the "graphite paint," with but a small quantity of drying
material added thereto, is laid on with brushes and then left to dry, and
the operation is complete. Very light cloths and fabrics may be suffi-
ciently preserved by the single process of the submersion in the hot
graphite composition and then left to dry, or I add a very light or
heavier coat of the "graphite paint," as described, in proportion to the
thickness or weight of the cloth or fabric acted upon and to the lighter
or heavier usage it is destined for. In the application, as above described,
no dryer or varnish whatever should be added to the hot "graphitic com-
position," and the preservative qualities or conditions of the objects will
be enhanced if the surfaces of the same be well rubbed with dry hard
brushes before applying the coating of "graphite paint."
23
Second, in the application of graphite as a preservative of all kinds
of ropes, cables, fishing nets, and telegraph wires, an application of the
graphitic composition" in a heated state must first be made by
immersion of the objects therein or otherwise, and then, when perfectly
dried, I add to said objects one or more coatings of the "graphite paint"
by immersing the ropes, cables, or wires therein or otherwise. The
application of this process, or any similar use of any "paint or com-
position "of which graphite is a principle element or base, is one of the
essential features of my Invention, as my Invention is also for the better
preserving of fishing nets and nets of all kinds, and for twines, cords, or
cordage for all purposes.
Third, in the application of graphite as a preservative to all woods,
metals, and other materials used in buildings or constructions, on land
or on water, and all objects exposed to the action of acids, alkalis, gases,
fire, atmospheric or other like destructive influences. An application
of the "graphitic composition" is first to be made, and preferable in a
heated state, and when the objects are of metal the said composition
must be used in a heated state to attain the most efficient preservative
results; but in such latter case, as in all other named under this head,
as also under the foregoing section, Second, the graphitic composition
may have a very small quantity of drying material added; and then,
when the graphitic composition shall be perfectly set or dry, one or
more coatings of the "graphite" paint" must be applied, and the said
graphite paint, in such cases, may contain a very small portion of dry-
ing material. Time is a most essential element in order to secure the
most efficient application of graphite as combined with other substances,
as referred to and described, to the respective objects and for the pur-

page_text: poses named. In all cases each respective application of the graphite
composition or "graphite paint" must be allowed to become perfectly
dry before the application of a subsequent coating. And whilst I say
that, under certain conditions, as referred to under sections preceding,
marked Second and Third, a very small portion of drying may be used,
the preservative qualities of the "graphitic composition" and "graphite
paint" will be greater if all dryers be dispensed with and ample time
allowed for each respective coating of the "composition" and paint, as
referred to and described, to set or dry, more especially when each
respective application or coating is first heated before the application of
a. subsequent coating, as described in the Specification of the Patent
herein-before referred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jacob Snider, junior, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
JACOB SNIDER, JUN". (L.S.)
Witness,
EDW. G. BREWER,
Of the Firm of Willcock & Brewer,
Patent Agents,
89, Chancery Lane,
London.