Improvements in Regulating the Temperature of Incubators, Sick Rooms, and the like.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 6th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 5th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Apr., 1887
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Regulating the Temperature of Incubators,
Sick Rooms, and the like.
I HENRY JAMES HOGG KING of Newmarket near Stroud Glos. Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention comprises Improvements in Incubators, and Rearing Appliances
and consists in Improved Methods of regulating the temperature of the Incubating
and rearing Chambers and also includes what I believe to be the most economical
method of utilizing the Artificial Heat employed for this purpose.
To effect the first of these objects, I use, according to varying circumstances
3 Thermostatic Motors the first consisting of a tube made of any suitable material,
but which I prefer to make of glass. This tube I bend into a circular form, and it
may consist of a segment of a circle only or of several continuous coils made from one
tube and generally speaking the longer the length of the tube used the more powerful
does the Motor become. Its power also increases in proportion to the square of the
diameter of the bore of the tube. The tube is hung concentrically on an Axis upon
which it is free to turn and one end of the tube is hermetically sealed, and the other
is usually open to the Atmosphere.
The lower portion of the tube is filled with quicksilver, above which at the sealed
end, a small quantity of volatile liquid is introduced which boils at the temperature
the Motor is required to work at.
The boiling point being varied either by the pressure or by the liquid used. As
thus arranged this Motor becomes virtually a small Steam Engine, in which the
quicksilver forms an almost frictionless piston, and the tube the cylinder of the Engine.
The sealed end representing the cylinder cover. If the temperature now rises to the
boiling point of the liquid the Mercury will be driven away from the sealed end, till
the friction is overcome after which the tube will begin and continue to revolve, till
all the liquid is boiled away, if the tube be long enough. By this means a most
powerful & sensitive thermostatic Motor is obtained which can be applied in many
ways to regulate the temperature of the chamber in which it may be placed. A
modification of the above arrangement may be made, by useing a tube swinging on a

page_text: centre, which becomes a modified form of which, but more limited in its action than the
above described Motor.
A second Motor I propose use consists of an inverted cylinder like a gas holder,
in the upper portion of which and above the liquid in which the holder rises and falls,
which by preference is Mercury. I place a volatile liquid-which evaporates and
condenses by changes of temperature and makes the cylinder rise & fall, the cylinder
being balance weighted.
In cases where it is important that no skilled labour shall be required to set the
Incubator to work I use as a Motor a Bourdon Tube, which I hermetically seal at
both ends, after partially filling the tube with a volatile liquid-which boils and
producing pressure expands the tube and causes it to straighten as in the ordinary
Bourdon Gauge. In either of the above Motors the expansion of Air may be used if
the power required is only limited.
Having now described the Motor which I use according to circumstances I proceed
to describe their application. What I believe to be novel in this part of my Invention
consists in regulating the supply of Material producing the flame or beat so that the
Heat furnishing Material is only used in proportion to the demand requisite to
maintain the necessary temperature. For instance if I use ordinary gas, I regulate
the quantity of gas passing to make the flame prior to its getting to the burner, to
effect which object I make either of the above Motors act on a valve of peculiar
construction which admits gas to the burner in a greater or less quantity as it may be
required. To effect this I use a small inverted cylinder which rises and falls in
Mercury or other liquid like a gas holder. This rise and fall is controlled by the
Motor, and with a decrease of temperature it rises higher and admits more gas to the
flame and with an increase of temperature the reverse takes place. I use the flame
thus regulated in any convenient way for keeping the Hatching chamber at the right
temperature, that which I prefer to use consists of an open or partially open resevoir
of Hot Water or pipes, placed by preference above the eggs, and in which a current of
Moist Air is induced downwards by means of a chimney or vent, which rises higher
than the surface of the resevoir and which is connected with the space below the eggs.
When oil or any other substance is used instead of gas, I regulate the supply in a
similar manner to that described for gas.
The above described arrangements are equally applicable to chambers for Nursing
Infants, and Invalids and propagating bacteria-the above not being mentioned in the
Title, to avoid undue length of the same.
TALL M. 100%

page_text: Improvements in Regulating the Temperature of Incubators,
Sick Rooms, and the like.
I, HENRY JAMES HOGG KING of Newmarket near Stroud Glos. Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention comprises Improved Methods of Regulating the Temperature of
Incubating Chambers, Rearing Chambers, Sick Rooms or the like as set forth in my
provisional specification and in order that my said Invention may be properly under-
stood I append hereunto a Sheet of Explanatory drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the first arrangement described. 1 is a glass tube bent into a circle
as shown, (but it may be made of any other material suitable and of any section) it is
mounted on the disc 2 and the whole is free to turn on the V centre 3. The lever 4
which is fastened to carries in the particular case illustrated a damper 5, the whole
being balanced by the adjustable weight 6-7 being a Sliding Weight adjustable by
hand for regulating the working temperature.
"
The lower portion of the tube is filled with Mercury, above which at 8, at the sealed!
end, a small quantity of ether or other volatile liquid is introduced which boils at the
temperature the Motor is required to work at. The boiling point being varied, by
altering the pressure under which the liquid boils or by diluting the liquid The end
of the tube 9 is usually open to the atmosphere but it may be sealed, and the air
exhausted from this end-the tube may either be a segment of a circle or a
wound into a spiral coil.
long tube
It will thus be seen that this arrangement becomes virtually a Small Engine and
Boiler combined in one, the Mercury forming an almost frictionless piston and the
tube the Boiler and Cylinder, the sealed end representing the cylinder cover. If the
temperature now rises to the boiling point of the liquid, the pressure of the vapour
formed will press on the quicksilver and the end of the tube; and the tube will move
& continue to turn till the whole of the liquid 8 is boiled off, or the temperature
falls. And here let it be observed, that it is the bending of the tube to a circular form
which makes this Motor superior to all others, that I am acquainted with as it will
move practically through any distance without increase of temperature after it has
started. As soon as the temperature falls the vapour condenses, a partial vacuum is
formed, and the Motion of the tube is reversed. In this way a most powerful Motor
is obtained which can be applied in many ways to regulate the temperature of the
Incubating Chamber &c. in which it may be placed..
In fig. I it is shown regulating the temperature of an Incubator by means of the
damper 5 the temperature of which is maintained by the Spirit Lamp 10 which is
kept burning to give an excess of the beat required: If the Incubator is inclined to
get too hot the ring begins to move, the damper 5 falls, and the surplus heat goes up
the side flue 11. If the temperature falls, the Heat is again restored by the damper 5

page_text: rising and admitting more hot air from the lamp, or the Heat of the Lamp may be
used indirectly by warming water or any other liquid which warms the Incubator &c.
Fig. shows the 2nd arrangement mentioned in the provisional specification. In
this case I regulate the supply of the material which furnishes the necessary heat. In
the illustration shown, gas is the Heating Medium and the quantity used is proportional
to the demand, to maintain the required temperature. The Motor shown is the same as
described in Fig. 1, but any other might answer the purpose. 13 is the gas supply
pipe which passes up through the tube 14 and passes to the burner 16 through the
valve 15-this valve is fitted in the Inverted Thimble 161, which dips into the Mercury
or other liquid 17, and seals the gas from escaping. If the heat becomes too great
the valve 15 falls and shuts off a portion of the gas that supplies the burner-and
vice versa there is a small groove left in the valve 15, so that a small quantity of gas
can always pass to the burner. When oil or spirit is used as a substitute for gas, a
modification of this arrangement is necessary. In this case the pipe 13 is connected
with a vessel filled with oil or spirit, the bottom of which is at a higher level than the
valve 15 so that the oil will naturally pass to the valve 15 by gravitation. The oil &c.
then passes to the wick of the lamp through the pipe 20 as shown in dotted lines
Figs. 1 & 2 the pipe being about 1 inch below the flame.
The lower portion of the Lamp 10 then simply holding the wick and not being
filled with oil, the lamp being kept burning entirely with the oil which passes down
the tube 20 and the size of the flame will depend upon the quantity of oil which passes
to it through the valve 15..
In cases where it is important that no skilled labour shall be required to set the
Motor to work, I use the Motor shown in Fig. 3, which consists of the well known
Bourdon Tube connected with the lever 4-as shown or in any other suitable way. This
is partially filled with ether or other volatile liquid, which by boiling increases the
pressure in the tube and causes it to expand or straighten itself as the ordinary gauge
does and raises and lowers the damper or valve as previously described in Figs. 1 & 2.
In the case of Sick Chambers, &c. the heat would be maintained by a Stove instead
of a lamp, in which case I prefer to regulate the draught to the Stove, but it may be
regulated in either of the ways previously described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is-
1st. The use (in Incubators, Rearing chambers, Sick rooms and the like) of a
Thermostatic Motor, which consists of a tube bent into a circular form substantially
as shown in Figs. 1 & 2, one end being scaled-and between which end and the Mercury
or liquid which forms practically a piston, ether or any other volatile liquid is placed,
and the vapour of which when it boils or evaporates, exerts a pressure on the end of
the tube and turns it round.
2nd. The use in Incubators, Rearing Chambers, Sick Rooms and the like of an
arrangement such as shown in Fig. 2, by which the Burning Materials which
maintains the temperature is used only in proportion to what is required so that there
is no waste of the materials employed.
3rd. The use in Incubators Rearing Chambers Sick rooms and the like of a
Bourdon tube for regulating the temperature as shown in Fig. 3.
Dated thie 3rd day of March 1887