CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING DOUBLING, AND WEAVING COTTON WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS; ALSO IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING PARTS OF MACHINES USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURES
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
MASON, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, and GEORGE
COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of May, in the fifteenth year of Her reign,
and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John
Mason and George Collier, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege,
and authority, that we, the said John Mason and George Collier, our
exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Mason
and George Collier, our exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING, SPINNING,
TWISTING DOUBLING, AND WEAVING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS;
ALSO IN TOOLS OR APPARATUS FOR CONSTRUCTING PARTS OF MACHINES USED IN SUCH
MANUFACTURES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that we,
the said John Mason and George Collier,shall cause a particular description of
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Mason and George Collier, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the
following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention of improvements in preparing, spinning, twisting, and
doubling, consists:-
Firstly, in a method of applying oil or other equivalent matter to wool or
other fibrous materials requiring such treatment, the main feature of this part
of our improvements consisting in incorporating the material with the fibrous
substance, by means of exhausting the air from a vessel in which they are
placed, by the application of mechanical pressure, or by a combination of such
agencies.
Secondly, in constructing the ends and axles of the rollers of carding engines
in one piece of wrought-iron, or of malleable cast-iron.
Thirdly, in the application of rollers in front of that apparatus, commonly
known as the "patent feeder" of carding engines, such rollers being for the
purpose of effecting a drawing of the material previously to its entering the
machine.
Fourthly, in the application of apparatus beneath the said "patent feeder,'
for the purpose of keeping the material towards the "taker in."
Fifthly, our Invention relates to that machine commonly known as the
"condenser carding engine," and consists in joining together two or more
"ends" proceeding therefrom on the same plane, and winding such combined
ends upon suitable apparatus.
Sixthly, as applied to the said machine, where two or more bobbins are
employed, our Invention consists in winding the whole of the ends on to a
portion of such number of bobbins when desired.
Seventhly, as applied to those condenser carding engines, in which three
doffers are employed, our Invention consists in arranging the bobbins so that
there shall be two rows in width, that is to say, each doffer shall afford slivers
to two bobbins, situate upon the same plane.
Eignthly, our improvements relate to a method of oiling such spindles of
spinning machinery as revolve within tubes or collars; this we accomplish by
cutting grooves upon the said spindles, or upon the tubes or collars, by which
means the oil or other lubricating material is drawn upwards and distributed

page_text: over the spindle. Also, our Invention consists in effecting the same object by
providing the collars or tubes with an aperture or apertures at their upper ends,
through which oil or other lubricating material may be introduced; also in dis-
tributing the lubricating material upon the outside of the tube or collar, by
causing a piece of felt or other soft material to rise with the lifter rail.
Ninthly, in a peculiar application of a loose tubular washer, for effecting the
drag, and steadying the bobbins.
Tenthly, in the application of a screen or screens to the lifter rail, for the
purpose of preventing the admission of dust and other extraneous matters.
Eleventhly, in causing the spindle rail to rise and fall simultaneously with
the like motions of the copping rail.
Twelfthly, in reference to such tubes as pass through the lifting rail, but do
not pass into the bobbin, combining a flange for receiving the lubricating
material.
Thirteenthly,our improvementsrelate to manufacturing yarn direct from the
"condenser" inachine, the slivers being conveyed therefrom to a roving or
slubbing frame.
Fourteenthly, in coating the iron tubes or collars, in which the spindles of
roving and slubbing and spinning machines revolve, and also the pinions oon.
nected therewith, with brass or other suitable metal.
Fifteenthly, in the application of a projection to the presser leg of roving
and slubbing machines, for the purpose of enabling the attendant to release the
bobbin from pressure when required.
Our improvements in weaving consist, first, in a novel arrangement ofappa-
ratus for detecting the absence of the weft thread, and is designed to avoid the
necessity of cutting a recess in the lathe of the loom usually required for
obtaining the action of the "fork" upon the weft. This we accomplish by
raising the weft thread so as to enable it to act upon a "fork," situate above
the level of the shuttle race, which raising is effected in one case positively,
that is, by actual lifting of the thread, and in another, by the interposition
of suitable apparatus for preventing it from falling.
Secondly, in an application of a pair of presser rollers for taking up the cloth
as it is woven.
Thirdly, in improvements upon the "fancy machine," for which Letters
Patent were granted to us on Twenty-sixth March, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine.
The first part of these improvements consists in modifying the relative
periods at which the hook and wedge motions shall come into operation;
according to our former improvement, above referred to, the treadles are

page_text: liberated from certain catches which hold them by the introduction of a wedge,
which wedge has to be withdrawn before the treadles can occupy a change of
arrangement, and so long as the loom continued to revolve in its forward
direction, this was duly effected, but upon its being turned the reverse way,
then the lifting knives operating upon the needles out of the appointed time
tended to cause a motion of the treadles before their liberation. According to
our present improvement, we so construct the media for imparting motion to
the knife bars and detaining wedge, that a portion of a revolution of the crank
which moves them shall take place before the former can be advanced, during
which portion of the revolution, however, the wedge is withdrawn and re-
entered to make another shed.
Secondly, in reference to the "fancy machine," our Invention consists in the
application of inclined edges to the jacks or treadles, which inclines are acted
upon by sliding pins, so as to cause the series of jacks or treadles to collapse.
Thirdly, in taking the motions for the lifting apparatus and that for the
detaining wedge from the same end of the crank shaft.
Our first improvement is shewn in the sectional view of Sheet 1. a, a, is a
vessel of cast-iron, or other suitable material, provided with a door b, capable
of removal at pleasure and of being closed air-tight; within the chamber is a
partition c, formed with numerous perforations upon its surface, and upon this
the wool or other fibrous substance to be operated upon is placed. At the
upper part there is a pipe d, communicating with a reservoir which contains
the oil or equivalent material; at e is another pipe communicating with an air
pump or other exhausting apparatus, and at a third, all of which pipes are
provided with suitable stop cocks. Upon the commencement of the operation
the cocks of the pipes d and fare closed, the superabundant oil used at a pre-
vious occasion being withdrawn through the pipef, which being closed, the
material is introduced through the don b into the chamber a; the door being
then fastened, the pipe e is opened and the exhausting apparatus put into
operation, by which means the greater portion of the air will be drawn from
the chamber a, and from the fibrous material therein contained. The exhaust
pipe e is now to be closed and the piped opened, when the oil or equivalent
material will be forced by the pressure of the atmosphere into the chamber a,
and as the masses of the material contain little or no resisting air, the required
saturation willbeeffected, after which the oil or its equivalent may be withdrawn
by the pipe f, and the material removed through the door b. Instead of the
foregoing course of operation, the exhausting apparatus may be dispensed with,
and the oil or its equivalent be forced into the chamber a, through the piped,
by means of a force pump, so as to cause a pressure in the chamber sufficient

page_text: for saturating the material, or this method, and that first described, may be
combined, or the oil may be introduced so as to lie on the mass of fibrous
material before the exhausting apparatus is put into operation. Fibrous
materials treated in this way may sometimes retain a superabundant quantity
of the lubricating material, in such cases they may be passed through rollers
for the purpose of squeezing it out, or they may be submitted for the like pur-
pose to a centrifugal machine or other agitating apparatus.
The second part of our Invention is shewn at Figure 1, Sheet 2, which is a
section of one of the rollers, upon which the wire cards of carding machinesare
mounted. The main portion a, a, is formed of metal as usual having internal
flanges, to which the ends b, b, are attached; these end sare formed of wrought-
iron or of malleable cast-iron, and the axles c,c, are wrought with or cast upon
them, and if by the latter arrangement the cast metal is to be rendered malle-
able by the process well-known for effecting that object.
Our third improvement is shewn at Figure 2, Sheet 2, which is a partial
sectional elevation of a condenser carding engine. The apparatus commonly
known as the patent feeder is shewn at A; immediately in front of this we
place two rollers a, a, to which rotatory motion is communicated from any con-
venient moving part of the machine,the rate of revolution of these rollers is so
regulated that their peripheries shall move at a somewhat slower rate than the
surface of the roller A of the feed apparatus, the effect of which will be that
the material, as it passes through them from the lap, will be drawn out, and
enter the patent feeding apparatus diminished in thickness. By these means
we are enabled to operate more successfully upon the thickest webs ordinarily
produced. Instead of causing the elongation of the web to be produced by the
particular arrangement above described, we sometimes employ two pairs of
rollers instead of the single pair, ás shewn at a, a, in which case that pan
immediately before the feeding apparatus will revolve faster as regards their
surfaces than those in front of them, and by which the material is first received
under this arrangement; the patent feed roller A may move at the same rate as
the rollers from which it takes the web, or, if desired, at an increased velocity,
as in the first modification, by which latter arrangement a drawing will be
produced.
Our fourth improvement is also shewn in Figure 2, Sheet 2. From the end
of the patent feed apparatus A, and extending beneath the taker-in roller b, we
place a grating c, of iron or other suitable material, which grating continues
from side to side of the said roller. As the web of material passes towards the
machine the grating c keeps it in contact with the taker-in roller, and at the
same time allows extraneous matter to fall through its interstices,

page_text: Our fifth improvement is shewn at Fig. 1, Sheet 3, which is a plan or top
view of a portion of the back part of a condenser carding engine, exhibiting
two methods by which this part of our improvements may be effected. The
rings of cards of the doffer cylinder are shewn at a, a, a, and the red lines
represent the slivers proceeding therefrom. In the usual guide rails there are
notches cut as at c, c, such notches being opposite to the centres of the spaces
between the rings of cards a, a, a, to each of these two slivers d, d, after
passing the twisting bands b, b, are conducted, at which points therefore they
join and become incorporated, so as to form a double thickness; from the
notches c they pass between the rollers e, and from thence, as usual, through
the guides to the lap roller g. According to the other method, which we
have shewn in this Figure, the slivers h, h, after being taken from the rings of
cards, are received singly by the ordinary rollers e, e, upon leaving which
they are brought together by the guides f,f, affixed to the traversing rail, and
there incorporated previously to being wound on to the lap roller g. By these
means we are enabled to produce thicker slivers than can successfully be
stripped from single rings of cards upon the doffer cylinder.
Our sixth improvement is shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet 3, which is a partial plan
viewof a condensor carding engine. In this instance there are two bobbins A, B,
in width.placed side by side, but instead of the slivers being conducted as usual
to both of them, we cause the whole to pass through guides, so as to be wound
upon one of the bobbins only, as shewn in the Drawing; nevertheless, when
required, the ends may be divided between the two bobbins without making any
alteration in the arrangement of the machinery.
Our seventh improvement is shewn at Fig. 2, Sheet 2, before referred to,
and also in Fig. 3 of Sheet 2, the latter being a partial plan or top view of a
condenser carding engine. The three doffers are shewn B, C, D, the slivers
being taken therefrom and twisted in the usual manner by the bands d, d, d.
For each of the doffers there are two bobbins in width, arranged upon the
same level, and having a central space between them, as seen in Fig. 3. The
slivers proceeding from one doffer (B for instance) after leaving the usual
rollers e, e, are divided into two portions, the one being conducted to the
bobbin E and the other to that shewn at F. In like manner the slivers
detached from C are received by two bobbins as at G, and those from D by
another pair as at H. The whole of the ends, therefore, which proceed from
one doffer are wound upon two bobbins which are situate upon the same level.
The several bobbins are caused to revolve by surface rollers I, I, I, actuated
by a shaft J. The guide rails for distributing the yarn upon the bobbins are
shewn at K, K, they move in guides as usual, and receive their traversing

page_text: motion through the intervention of the ordinary cam L, which is actuated by
pinions affixed to the axis of the surface rollers I, I, I. By this arrangement
a central space is obtained, by the aid of which the attendant can more
conveniently gain access to the slivers for the purpose of piecing up.
Our eighth improvement is shewn under different modifications at Figs. 1,
2, 3, 4, & of Sheet 4. Fig. 1 is an elevation of a spindle and its immediate
appurtenances, partly insection. The spindle a, a, turns in a tube or collaró, b,
secured by a nut to the rail C. Upon the spindle there is formed a spiral
groove d, d, d, the lower end thereof extending below the flange of the tube
or callarb, which flange is formed concave on its upper surface, and is provided
with a hole e, communicating with the interior of the tube; through this orifice
the oil or other lubricating material is poured, and being acted upon by the
spiral groove upon the spindle is carried upward and so distributed between
the peripheries of the spindle and the tube or collar, the portions below the
orifice e being lubricated by a portion of the material which will descend.
Fig. 2 shews a modification of this part of our improvements; in this instance
the spindle a does not run in contact with the whole length of the tube or
collar b, it being reduced in diameter between the points 1, 2, it is, however,
provided with the spiral groove d, as before, and the by agency of which the
lubricating material is carried upward and distributed over the surface of the
upper bearing I, oil or other such matter being introduced, as at Fig. 1,
through an orifice e. Fig. 3 represents in section a tube or collar, shewing
our improvement under another modification; in this instance, the spiralgroove
is formed upon its inward periphery, the spindle to be adapted being plain as
usual, that is without the spiral groove. Fig. 1 shews another modification of
our improvement, b, b, being the tube or collar in section; in this instance, a
straight groove d is formed in the direction of its length,communicating with
the cup formed upon the flange by means of an orifice e, the spindle to be
adapted to this tube or collar is of the ordinary form, but upon lubricating
material being applied through eit will be found to rise as the spindle revolves,
so as to be distributed over the required surfaces. Our next method of lubri-
cating is shewn at Fig. 4,before referred to in reference to our last-mentioned
improvement,but although the two plans are shewn in this Figure they are not
intended necessarily to be used together. At the upper part of the collar, just
underneath that portion thereof occupied by the bottom of the bobbin when
at the top of the lift, we form a hole or holes as at f, through which oil or
other lubricating material may be poured when the bobbin is raised sufficiently
high, by which arrangement the lubricating material will work downwards,
and will be distributed over the interior surface of the tube. Our method of

page_text: lubricating the outside of the tubes or collars is shewn at Figure 4, Sheet 4.
Upon the copping rail g we apply a ring z of felt, woven cloth, or other
suitable soft substance, surrounding and bearing against the periphery of the
tube or collar; so that as the said rail rises and falls the lubricating material
will be diffused. The material may be supplied in any convenient ordinary
manner, or if the improvement be used in combination with our grooved tubes
or collars, the outside peripheries thereof may be furnished with straight or
spiral channels, so that the lubricating material, after being carried up by the
revolution of the spindles, will flow over the top and return by the said out-
side channels, from which it will be taken by the ring z and distributed, as
before mentioned.
Our ninth improvement is also shewn in the sectional view, Figure 1,
Section 4. The spindle a turns in a tube or collar b affixed to the stationary
rail, above which is situate the copping railg, within this is mounted loosely a
short tube h running freely upon the tube or collar b, and provided with a
flange situate between two loose washers i, k, the former resting upon the
copping rail and the latter carrying the bobbins l. The tube h projects into
the bobbin, and becomes, therefore, the surface for keeping it in its central
position at its lower part, the upper portion running upon the spindle a; as the
copping rail therefore rises and falls it carries with it the tube h, which, by
means of its flange, acts as an additional washer for effecting the drag, and at
the same time acts as a guide for the bobbin to run upon.
Our tenth improvement is also shewn at Figure 1, Sheet 4, applied in
combination with other parts of our Invention, but it is not necessarily used
therewith. To the lifter rail g are attached screens m, m,* extending through-
out the width of the machine; that shewn at the back of the frame at m is
rigidly adapted, but the screen m* at the front of the machine is attached by
a hinge joint. As the copping rail rises and falls, it therefore carries these
screens with it, but they are made of such a length that their lower ends do
not rise above the fixed rail c. The effect of this arrangement will be, that
dust will in a great measure be prevented from entering between the lifting
rail g and fixed rail c. When it is desired to apply lubricating material to the
tubes or collars and spindles, the attendant raises the screen m* upon its hinge
joint, and the operation may be performed as usual.
Our eleventh improvement is shewn at Figure 5, Sheet 4. The copping is
seen at g, connected by a rod to the lifting chain n in the usual manner. The
rail c, which is usually stationary, is also connected by a rod o to another
lifting chain p, attached to an additional roller upon the lifting shaft q, which
roller is of smaller diameter than that used for the copping rail g, when,

page_text: therefore, the said shaft is caused to turn upon its centre by the ordinary
mechanism, the copping rail g and the usually fixed rail cwill be caused torise
simultaneously; but as the roller r is of larger diameter than 8, the former
will ascend at a proportionately increased rate, the consequent effect of which
will be that the tube or collar b may be of shorter length than the extent of
the lift required. Thus, suppose the length of the tube or collar which projects
into the bobbin to be two inches, and that the copping rail rises through the
same space, the bobbin, according to the usual arrangement, would proceed no
further without becoming free of the tube, but during the advance of the
bobbin the rail c has also moved upwards, and by carrying the tube with it has
retained a portion within the bobbin, and supposing it to have travelled atone
half the rate, that portion will be one inch, the copping rail may therefore
continue to rise until its superior rate of progression shall have gained upon
the advance of the tube, so as to cause it to occupy that position usual at the
top of the lift; the tube or collar b, therefore, may under this part of our im
provement be shortened, as desired, by constructing the wheels rands of such
relative diameters as will cause the rail c to advance the tube b, so as to keep
properly within the bobbin when at the top of the lift. By this arrangement
also the oil will be distributed upon the spindle according to the extent of
motion in the spindle rail.
Our twelfth improvement is shewn at Figure 6, Sheet 4. To the fixed rail c
of a throstle spinning machine is attached the ordinary spindle bush t, t, the
flange of which we form cup-shaped on its upper surface, and through this
portion we form a hole v, upon lubricating material, therefore, being poured on
to the top of the flange it will flow through the hole v, and become diffused
upon the spindle. The copping rail g is provided with an orifice through
which the upper portion of the busht passes when the rail is at the bottom of
the lift, by which arrangement the spindle may be shortened the thickness of
the copping rail.
Our thirteenth improvement does not involve the use of any new arrange-
ment or construction of machinery, and will not, therefore, needa reference to
illustrative Drawings. In order to carry this part of our Invention into effect
we produce slivers at the condenser carding machine in the usual manner, we
then take these slivers and adapt them to a slubbing or roving machine, and
twist them in the ordinary manner, either singly or doubled, as may be desired,
and thus produce a yarn ready for the purpose of manufacturing.
The fourteenth part of our Invention consists, as beforementioned, incoating
the interior of the iron tubes or collars of preparing or spinning machines, and
also the pinions connected therewith, with other metals. The substance to be.
B

page_text: used may be brass, tin, or other suitable metal or alloy, which would be pre-
ferable to iron, and it may be applied by any of the methods in use for uniting
metals, as, for instance, by the ordinary process of tinning, by adapting a tube
as a lining, or by casting, in which latter case the substance to be used for the
coating may be placed within the mould in which the article is to be cast, and
so united. These coatings may extend throughout the length of the tube,
collar, or pinion, but, if desired, overa portion of its surface only, thus forming
detached parts for constituting bearings.
Our fifteenth improvement is shewn at Figs. 7 and 8, Sheet 4, which are
side elevation and cross sections of a flyer constructed according to our
improvement. The presser finger a is mounted upon the lower end of an
upright rod b, which rod is capable of turning in bearings c, c, attached
to the leg of the flyer, upon this centre, therefore, the presser finger
turns, and it is forced towards the bobbin by means of a spring e, e,
taking into and acting against the tail piece f. The upper end of the rod
is turned behind the leg of the flyer, so as to form a lever, as seen at g.
When it is desired to release the bobbin from pressure, the attendant will
turn the rod b by means of the lever g, and as the presser finger is mounted
thereon, it also will be caused to turn upon its centre, and the required effect
will have been produced; upon the attendant releasing the lever 9, the
spring e will act as usual, and cause the pressure again to be applied.
Our first improvement in weaving is shewn at Fig. 1, Sheet 5, which is
a partial sectional view of a loom. To the front rail is attached one
end of a cord a, the other end thereof being connected by a plexible
part a* to a heddle b, which extends only a slight distance in the direction
of the width of the loom. This heddle has a vertical motion communicated
to it precisely in a similar manner to those which are used for shedding
the warp threads, but it is actuated by a separate tappet, so as to rise every
time that the shuttle has left the box upon the weft stop motion side of the
loom. The ordinary "fork" is shewn at c, and is mounted and connected to
the stop motion precisely as usual, excepting that its lower part is situateabove
the plane of the shuttle race, and there is therefore no recess cut into the lathe
for receiving it. The action is as follows:-Upon the shuttle leaving the box,
the cord a is situate (by reason of the shape of its tappet) below the surface of
the shuttle race, there being a small groove cut therein for the purpose of
receiving it; as the weft thread therefore is thrown it will lie upon this cord,
which the tappet will then raiseso as to convey it sufficiently high for receiving
the action of the fork c, but if the weft thread be absent, then the cord a will.
rise alone, and the fork fail in being turned upon its centre, by which the:

page_text: motion of the loom will be arrested as in ordinary" weft stop" motions. A
modification of this part of our improvements is shewn at Figs. 2, 3, 4, Sheet 5;
Fig. 2 being a partial section of a loom; Fig. 3 a front view of the same; and
Fig. 4 a plan view. Upon the tappet shaft of the loom there is a tappet g
acting upon one end of a lever h, turning upon a centre at i, the other end
thereof being jointed to an upright rod, which moves in a fixed guide k.
Upon the rod there is jointed a link 7, the extremity of which is provided with
a slot, and within this slot there is a pin projecting from the ordinary spring
lever m. The upper end of the rodjis widened,and there are attached thereto
a series of cords n,n,n, which, after passing through the reed o, are connected
to a light bar p, carrying at its other end a spring q, affixed to the stationary
framing, by which spring therefore the cords are kept distended; to the
lather is affixed a brackets, from which is suspended an arm t, t*, the portion
thereof being provided with a series of plates u, constituting a fork, the end
* is bent downwards, and carries at its lower end a projection w,the back part
thereof bearing lightly against the face of the lathe. The operation is as follows:
-Immediately upon the shuttle arriving in its box, the tappet g will raise the
rod, and consequently series of cords n, n, upon which the weft thread has
been laid, this they will therefore carry up, so as to bring it in contact with the
plates u, u, by which means the arms t, t*, will be turned upon their centre,
thereby carrying down the projection w below the link l,and no effect will be
produced; but if upon the rising of the cords u, u, the weft thread be absent,
then the said strands will pass between the plates a, u, and the arm t, t*, will
not be turned upon its centre; under these circumstances the lathe in its
advancing motion, carrying with it the arm t, t*, will bring the projection win
contact with a nib v, formed upon the link 7, which being thrust forward a
short distance, will project the spring lever m from its notch, and the loom will
be stopped in the ordinary manner.
Our other plan of effecting the same object is shewn in Figs. 5 and
G, Sheet 5. The ordinary fork is shewn at c, with its connections precisely
the same as those now in common use, it being raised, however, so as to cause
the bottom end of the fork to work above the surface of the lathe. Upon the
lathe & there is attached, by means of a nut, a bent wire e, projecting above the
level of the shuttle race, when therefore the shuttle enters its box, the weft
thread, instead of falling, as is now the case, is raised at that situation contiguous
to the fork, thereby enabling that instrument to arrive in contact with it, so as
to be turned upon its centre as usual; if the weft thread be absent, then the fork
not being moved the loom will be stopped through the ordinary action. Bythus
preventingtheweft thread from lying upontheshuttle race, we void the necessity

page_text: of cutting a recess therein; one advantage of which will be that we can use such
shuttles as are provided with wheels, such a shuttle is shewn atf in Fig. 5.
Our second improvement in weaving is shewn at Fig. 1, Sheet 6, which is a
section of a fancy loon,exhibiting also our other improvement,hereafter to be
described. At the front of the loom is placed a roller a, capable of turning in
bearings affixed to the framework. This roller is driven positively in any.
suitable manner, so that at each pick of the loom its periphery shall pass
through a space equal to the length of warp thread desired to be taken up.
Before this roller is another,b, turning in bearings, which slide in slots formed
within each side framing; over these two rollers the cloth passes as indicated
by the red line, and from thence to the work roller c below, which is caused to
take up the woven cloth by the ordinary apparatus employed for that purpose.
It will be perceived that by the above arrangement the roller b is drawn
forcibly towards the roller a by the tension upon the warp threads, and that
the fabric therefore is tightly held between them, the roller a will therefore, as
it is caused to rotate, draw forward the cloth and deliver it to the work roller
c, to be wound as usual thereon, and as the circumference of the roller a is
always the same, a constant length of warp will be drawn off for each number
of revolutions of the loom.
In order to explain the nature of our improvments upon the "fancy
machine," it will be necessary to describe certain parts already known and
in use, but we shall subsequently point out the novelties intended to be
secured to us under our present Patent. Fig. 1, Sheet 6, is an end view of
the machine; and Fig. 2 a section in the reverse direction. The lag or endless
chain of pattern pegs seen at d; d, has intermittent motion communicated
to it by the star wheel e. the projecting points, through the intervention of
springs, pushing forward the hooks g., so as to cause them to be inter-
cepted by the motion of the knife bars h, h*, each of these hooks is connected
by a joint to a jack or treadle i, upon the extremity of which there is a wedge-
formed part j. The knife bars h, *, are attached to the vertical sliding rods
k, l, jointed to a vibrating lever upon opposite sides of the centre pin l, upon
which it turns. To the lever is also connected a rod formed in two portions
m, m, capable of sliding upon each other by means of a socket formed within
the part m*, the upper end of which is connected to a crank pin n, projecting
from a disc o, mounted upon the crank shaft of the loom. To the lower part
m of the rod is attached one end of a spiral spring 2, the other end being
affixed to a pin projecting from the part m*. Supposing, therefore, that there is
a space between the upper end of the rod m and the end of the socket in m*,
as shewn by dots, the crank n will be allowed to make a portion of a revolution

page_text: before any motion is communicated to the lever s, for no such motion will take
place until the end of the socket shall have arrived in contact with the rod m;
but when, however, the crank pin n is rising through its circle, the part m*
being carried upward will, through the intervention of the spring p, cause the
levers to vibrate upon its centre, thereby alternately raising and depressing the
rods k, k, and with them the knife bars h, h, which, by selecting the hooks
9, 9, accordingly as they are operated upon by the pattern chain d, effect the
change of the shed. To the crank pin n is connected a rod t, the lower end
of which is jointed to a bell crank lever u, turning upon a centre pin v, oue
arm of which lever carries a rod suspended from a vibrating arm w, to which
is connected by a link a wedge piece a, formed upon a slide which moves in
guides attached to the framework. As the crank n revolves, therefore, the
wedge is caused to move to and fro, projecting at its forward motion between
the inclined ends of the jacks or treadles j, j, and thus keeping them apart in
the correct position for maintaining the shed, while the pattern is changed
according to the principle for which Letters Patent were granted to us as
aforesaid. To an elongation of the slide to which the wedge a is attached,
there is affixed a bracket carrying the projecting pius y, y, which pins extend
across the width of the series of jacks or treadles, and when the wedgeis thrust
forward will occupy the position of the dotted lines upon the retreating motion
of the wedge, therefore they will be carried back, and by arriving in contact
with the inclined sides,, of the jacks or treadles (at that time expanded),
assist them in being brought to a collapsed position.
The following general description of operation will point out the effect
of our several improvements. According to the position of the parts
shewn in the Drawing, the revolution of the crank n has, through the
medium of the spring p, turned the lever s upon its centre, so as to
raise the knife bar h and depress the other °, by which means the hooks
g, g, taken by them have been respectively carried up and down, so as to
turn the jacks or treadles upon their centres and slightly open their front
ends. A further revolution of the crank will now operate upon the rod t, so
as to thrust forward the wedge, which, entering the space prepared for it
between the two series of treadles, will open them further, so as to form the
necessary shed for the passage of the weft, by which time the bottom of the
socket in the loose piecem will have arrived in contact with the rod m, thereby
depressing the knife h*, and raising the other h. The shed, therefore, is now
opened by the wedge a, and the hooks liberated from the knives, so as to be
free to receive another impression from the pattern chain d, which impression
takes place while the weft thread is being thrown, according to the principle of
•

page_text: our former Patent above referred to. This having been accomplished, the
upward motion of the crank will lift the rod t, and thereby, through the inter
vention of the connections before described, will commence withdrawing the
wedge a from the ends of the jacks or treadles, at the same time the lever s
being turned upon its centre through the medium of the spring p, so as to lift
and depress the knife bars h, he, which carry with them the selected hooks;
thus again dividing the treddles for the purpose of again admitting the wedge
for forming another shed. Now, suppose the various parts of the machine in
the position shewn in the Drawings, and that it is desired to turn the crank
shaft in the reverse direction, that is,according to the red arrow, by so doing,
if the rod m, m*, were rigid, the knife bars would be taken from contact with
the jacks or treadles, which would therefore be disposed to rise and fall into
an horizontal position, thereby closing up the aperture for the entrance of the
wedge a, which being compelled by the revolution of the crank to advance,
would arrive in contact with the ends of the treadles, but as the rod m, aud
part m are capable of sliding upon each other, a portion of a revolution will
take place without imparting any notion to the knife bars, consequently the
passage for the wedge will remain open, and the revolution of the loom will go
on as in the right direction, opening the sheds backward, according to the
order in which they have been made forward, the pattern chain, as well as the
other portions of the loom, being turned the reverse direction.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we claim as secured to us, under the above in part recited
Letters Patent as regards machinery for preparing, spinning, twisting, and
doubling,―
Firstly, theapplication of pneumatic or mechanicalpressureforincorporating
oil or other lubricating material with wool, or other fibrous substances,
requiring such treatment.
Secondly, constructing the ends and axles of rollers of carding machines in
one piece of wrought-iron or of malleable cast-iron.
Thirdly, the application of rollers, in conjunction with the "patent feeder,"
for effecting a drawing action upon the material in course of operation.
Fourthly, theapplication of apparatus in conjunction with the "patentfeeder,"
for keeping the material towards the taker in.
Fifthly, joining together two or more slivers, proceeding on the same plane
from the condenser carding engine, and winding such joined slivers upon a
bobbin.
Sixthly, as applied to condenser carding engines where two or more bobbins

page_text: are employed on the same plane, winding the whole of the ends on to a portion
of such number of bobbins.
Seventhly, as applied to those condenser carding engines in which three
doffers are employed, arranging the bobbins so that there shall be two rows in
width.
Eighthly, the application of grooves to the spindles, tubes, or collars of
spinning machines, for the purpose of causing the lubricating material to be
diffused. Also, for the like purpose, providing the tubes or collars, with an
aperture or apertures at their upper ends, through which the lubricating
material may be poured. Also, for the purpose of diffusing the lubricating
materialupon the outside of the tube or collar, attaching a piece of felt or other
soft material so as to rise with the lifting rail.
Ninthly, the application of the tubular washer in combination with a fixed
collar, as described.
Tenthly, the adaptation of a screen or screens to rise with the lifting rail.
Eleventhly, causing the spindle rail to rise and fall simultaneously with
the copping rail.
Twelfthly, in reference to tubes or collars which pass through the lifting rail,
but do not pass into the bobbin, combining a flange for receiving the lubri-
cating material.
Thirteenthly, manufacturing spun yarn by operating upon slivers direct
from the condenser carding engine in the slubbing or roving machine.
Fourteenthly, coating or lining the tubes or collars in which spindles revolve,
or the pinions connected therewith, with brass or other suitable metal.
Fifteenthly, the application of a projecting part in connexion with the spring
presser of slubbing and roving machines, for the purpose of enabling the
attendant to liberate the bobbins.
As regardsweaving, we claim,-firstly, the application ofapparatus for raising
the weft thread, so as to enable it to operate upon a weft detector above the
level of the shuttle race, whether such raising be effected by a direct lifting
motion or by apparatus for preventing it from falling.
Secondly, the use of pressure surfaces for taking up the woven cloth, such
pressure being effected by the tension of the warp threads.
Thirdly, as applied to the "fancy loom," so arranging the parts which give
motion to the knife bars that there shall be a pause in their operation, for the
purpose of retaining the treddles in their partially open position, so as to secure
the entrance of the wedge.
Fourthly, the use of the inclined sides z of the jacks or treadles, for the
purpose of being operated upon, as described.

page_text: AND B
REMEMBERED, that on th wentie
November, Iu
the year of our Lord 1852, the aforesaid John Mason came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our Lord
Que thousand eight hundred and fifty-two