New or Improved Method of Heating, Drying or Cooking by Means of Hot Air or Steam, and Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
UUMI LEIE
New or Improved Method of Heating, Drying or Cooking by Means of
Hot Air or Steam, and Apparatus therefor.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co., 18, Buckingham
Street, Strand, W.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion a communication to me from abroad by the Firm C. A. Schuppmann
Fabrik, für Central-Heizangs & Lüftungs au lagen, Manufacturers, of Kaiser-
strasse, 31, Berlin, N.O., in the Empire of Germany, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to a new or improved method of heating drying or
cooking by means of hot air or steam and apparatus therefor, wherein the air
is conducted and heated in a closed channel or channels, the air being strongly
heated, and this strongly heated air is led to a desired consumption place or heat
delivering body, for any heating or drying purpose. The air is then guided
always in a closed channel back to its heating place where it becomes reheated
and the circulation recommences.
For this purpose the air (serving as heat carrier) is enclosed in an entirely
closed channel system and its circulation or flow is effected (in addition to the
rise of the same caused by the heating) by any suitable mechanical means.
In the improved method the air is always and at any point of the course it
has to take, at a certain more or less forcible pressure. The improved method
wherein the air acts indirectly as a heating source, is also similar to the known
steam and hot water heating systems wherein the medium used as a heat carrier
is moved under pressure in a closed channel.
In face of existing air heating systems (also steam and hot water heating
systems) the present indirect air heating system has the advantage that it can
be more easily regulated and moreover it has the important preference that the
channels or pipes and heat delivering bodies can not freeze. With regard to the
known air heating systems wherein the air heated at a central spot is conducted
to the separate rooms and enters the same directly, the improved or indirect air
heating method has the following advantages. The air in the rooms to be
heated is not rendered impure and there is an important saving of heat as the
same air circulates whilst in the direct air heating method fresh quantities of air
are introduced into the rooms to be heated.
A feature of the present invention consists as mentioned already in the acceler
ation of the flow of the hot air by mechanical means. Should these mechanical
means be suppressed and the air as in the known systems be heated at a central
point and then conducted to the separate points of consumption and reguided to the
central point for being reheated without such mechanical means (which is more-
over only possible when the heat delivering bodies are arranged more or less
perpendicularly one above the other) such large sections of the conducting
pipes and such large heat delivering bodies would be required that this kind of
heating would be practically impossible. This is confirmed by the fact that
such heating methods are apparently not in use.

page_text: The acceleration of the motion of the air in closed passages has therefore the
effect that these passages or channels can be of the smallest possible diameter
and can be curved and arranged as required and can be conducted horizontally
or vertically as desired. It moreover enables the air in the heating chamber to
be heated to a temperature which it would be impossible to obtain by the old
systems.
But if air heated to a high temperature is conducted under great pressure
through the channel or channels and is also for instance brought to a speed of
flow of 5 metres a second whilst without the use of mechanical means for acceler-
ating the flow only 1 metre a second speed at the outside could be attained---
the great technical effect of this invention is obtained as can be readily under-
stood..
As a means for giving accelerated flow to the air in the closed channels,
ventilators, pumps, or any other air pressure, or suction apparatus or also steam
can be used.
In the annexed drawings Figs. 1 and 2 shew schematically two forms of con-
struction for carrying out the new air heating method; Figs. 3 and 4 show
deails of the same.
In the construction shown in Fig. 1 the heating source or chamber marked 1
is intended for solid combustibles but it could be replaced by a device for burn-
ing liquid or gas like combustible or by any other heating source.
The heating
gas rises into the channel 2 and passes into a serpentine or other suitably formed
pipe 3 leaving the same at 4 and entering the channel 5 ending in the outlet
chimney. The serpentine or other heating pipe is arranged in a chamber 6
connected with the channels or pipes 7. These channels or pipes lead directly
to the heat delivering bodies 8 constructed preferably of stone-ware, zine or iron
sheets and the like and provided with deflector plates 9. By means of the
channels or pipes 10 these heat delivering bodies 8, the construction of which can
vary according to requirements, are connected with a collecting channel 11 which
ends in the channel 13, a ventilator 12 being inserted at a desired spot in the
same.
This channel has connection with the chamber 6 through the openings 14.
As soon as the so arranged heating installation is sufficiently heated the
ventilator 12 (or several ventilators can be arranged at suitable spots in the
closed heating channel) is put into quick rotation whereby the heated air is
forced through the closed channel system continuously and uniformly and the
heat therefrom is delivered by the bodies 8.
In the installation shown in Figs. 2 to 4 steam is originated in a generator 15
and passes through a pipe 16 to a chamber 17 and thence into channels 18 leading
to the different places of consumption representing as heating bodies 19. From
these places of consumption pipes 20 lead back to chamber 17. Within the latter
the pipe 16 is continued as can be seen in Fig. 4. Inside the chamber 17 joined to
this part of the pipe 16 a plate 22 is arranged separating the chamber into two
parts whose upper part contains the nozzles 24. At the exit of the steam from
these nozzles 24 it draws the cold air contained in the chamber 23 and the
channels 20 through the channels 25 with it whereby the air is also heated. The
condensed steam in the chamber 23 flows back to the steam generator 15 through
the pipe 21.
As can be seen in the drawing the air or the heated mixture of steam and air
is also in this installation moved in a closed channel by the forcible effect of the
steam flowing out of the nozzles 24. The so formed steam jet apparatus replaces
therefore the ventilator 12 of the installation shown in Fig. 1.
Instead of using only one chamber 17, several of such chambers may be used.
Also a furnace or other heater can easily be arranged for the superheating of the
mixture of steam and air causing the further heating of this mixture on its
course from the heat delivery body or bodies 19 back to the chamber 17.
Further modifications or arrangements can be made in this installation, but

page_text: such alterations being within the competence of any heating engineer varying
according to circumstances, there is no need to enumerate them here, as the
chief purpose of the present application is the means for accelerating the flow of
the air and the fact of conveying the same in closed chambers for heating, dry-
ing, cooking or for giving heat in laundries and similar purposes. Special
modifications being made for the purpose for which the heat is required more
especially in suitable formation and arrangement of the heat delivering bodies.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A new or improved method of warming by means of hot air for heating,
drying, cooking and similar purposes in which the air is moved in closed heating
channels or pipes its flow being accelerated by mechanical means.
2. A new or improved method of warming by means of hot air for heating,
drying, cooking, and similar purposes in which the air is moved in closed heat-
ing channels or pipes, its flow being accelerated by means of ventilators, pumps,
suction or ejection apparatus.
3. A new or improved method of warming by means of hot air for heating,
drying, cooking and similar purposes in which the air is moved in closed
channels or pipes, its flow being accelerated by means of steam under pressure.
4. A new or improved method of warming by means of hot air for heating,
drying, cooking and similar purposes in which the air moved by one or more
pressure or suction apparatus is conducted to a heating source, heated by the
same to the desired temperature and then led to the different places of con-
sumption whereupon the air after traversing the closed heat delivering bodies is
returned to the heating source by means of the pressure or suction effect of the -
pressure or suction apparatus, substantially as described.
5. The combination of a heating source with a closed channel system filled
with air wherewith heat delivering bodies are connected and mechanical
arrangements for acceleration of the air enclosed in the channel system sub-
stantially as described.
6. The combination of a closed channel system filled with air, with a steam
ejecting apparatus arranged therein for accelerating the motion of the air in
this channel system and of one or more heat delivering bodies substantially
as described.
7. The combination of a steam generator and a steam ejecting apparatus in
connection therewith arranged in a closed heating channel or pipe wherein heat
delivering bodies are arranged substantially as described.
8. A steam ejecting apparatus consisting of a chamber 17 having therein an
enlarged continuation of the steam pipe 16, provided with steam-nozzles 24 and
channels 25 substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
1.1.
1900