IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPARATUS FOR BURRING, CARDING, AND COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Alton Calvert, of the City of Manchester,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
APPARATUS FOR BURRING, CARDING, AND COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 16th May 1862, and dated the 27th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Alton Calvert at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1861.
I, FRANCIS ALTON CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the, said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS FOR BURRING, CARDING, AND COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention of improvements in machinery and apparatus
for burring wool and other fibrous substances, consists in conveying the
currents of air by which the impurities are removed from the under side of
the toothed drum and retaining roller, instead of from above as described in
the Specification of Letters Patent, granted to me on the Nineteenth Sep-
tember One thousand eight hundred and sixty, No. 2276.
The nature of my Invention of improvements in carding engines consists
in stripping the main-cylinder by the licker-in.. In order to accomplish this I

page_text: make the licker-in in the manner described in the Specification above referred
to, and cause it to revolve at a much greater velocity than the main cylinder;
the fibres are taken up from the licker-in and given to the main cylinder by a
retainer or stripping roller. In compound engines a cylinder similar to the
licker-in above described is placed under the main cylinder with a retainer
or stripper, thereby dispensing with the "fancy" in woollen cards.
The nature of my Invention of improvements in machinery for combing
consists in the combination of a comb belt or chain with a carding engine
similar to the one described in the Specification above referred to. The fibres
after being carded are deposited on the comb belt or chain which travels at
a suitable speed along the face of the main cylinder, the fibres are straightened
by a close fitting shell underneath the cylinder, and are finally drawn off by a
pair of draw rollers in the usual manner.
Another part of my Invention consists in making cylinders of sheet iron,
to be covered with card clothing or with non-elastic teeth. In fastening the
sheets or fillet of the card clothing to the cylinders, I take strips of metal
with hooked teeth on their edges, and punch. holes in the edges of the card
sheets corresponding to the teeth; they are then. hooked on the teeth and
drawn tight, the strips being then bolted to the cylinder. In using card fillet
I prefer to apply strips of wood at intervals underneath the sheet iron to
which the fillet is tacked.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francis Alton Calvert in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, FRANCIS
ALTON CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing-date-the-Twenty-seventh day of Noveniber, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Francis Alton Calvert, Her special license that I, the said Francis
Alton Calvert, ny executors,. administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Francis Alton Calvert; my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all:
tines thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland,. the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR BURRING, CARDING, AND
COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition. (amongst
others) that I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, my executors or administrators,.
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said. Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say): —
The nature of my Invention of improvements in machinery and apparatus
for burring wool and other fibrous substances, consists in conveying the currents
of air by which the impurities are removed from the under side of tlie
toothed drum and retaining roller instead of from above, as described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Nineteenth of September
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, Number 2276:
The nature of my Invention of inprovements in carding engines consists
in stripping the main cylinder by the licker-in. In order to accomplish this I.
make the licker-in in the manner described in the Specification above referred.
to, and cause it to revolve at a much greater vélocity than the main cylinder,
the fibres are taken up from the licker-in and given to the main cylinder by.
a retainer or stripping roller. In compound engines a cylinder similar to the
licker-in above described. is placed under the main cylinder with a.retainer or
stripper, thereby dispensing with the "fancy" in woollen.cards:
The nature of my Invention of improvements in machinery for combing,
consists in the combination of a comb belt or chain with a carding engine
similar to the one described in the Specification above referred to. The fibres
upon being carded are deposited on the comb belt or chain, which travels at a
suitable speed along the face of the main cylinder; the fibres are straightened
by a close-fitting shell underneath the cylinder, and are finally drawn off by a
pair of draw rollers in the usual manner.
--Another-part-of-my Invention consists in making cylinders of sheet iron,
to be covered with card clothing or with non-elastic teeth. In fastening the
sheets or fillet of card clothing to the cylinder, I take a strip of metal with
booked teeth on their edges, and punch holes in the edges of the card sheets
corresponding to the teeth; they are then hooked on the teeth and drawn
+ :

page_text: tight, the strips being then bolted to the cylinder. And in order that my
Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed
to describe the accompanying 'Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the
figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1, is a longitudinal. section of my improvements in
machinery and apparatus for burring wool and other fibrous substances. a is
the feeding roller, to which the wool or other fibrous substance is brought by
a feeding apron a¹ in the usual manner; the roller a works in a shell a², and
presents the fibres to the action of the coarse-toothed drum b; this drum strikes
the fibres downwards over the comb ċ at the edge of the shell a², and carries
them over the grate and perforated casing d to the toothed beater e; this
beater also strikes the fibres downwards over the comb f and carries them
over the perforated casing g to the burr cylinder h, which is constructed in the
manner described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the
Nineteenth day of September One thousand eight hundred and sixty, Number
2276. The burr cylinder. carries the fibres downwards to, the guard roller i
which is made in the usual manner, and strikes the burrs, seeds, motes, or
other foreign matters off the surface of the burr cylinder, the fibres being taken
forward and stripped off by the revolving brush j; by which they are thrown
into a suitable receptacle. 'An aperture k is left in the casing to supply air to
the machine, and a partial vacuum is formed by the fan under the grate and
casing d and casing 9 for removing the dirt and other impurities loosened from
the fibres during the operation, the heavier portions of the dirt being discharged
through the channel m and into the receptacle n above the toothed beater e.
The partial vacuum must be sufficient to prevent the fibres being thrown out
at the channel m and into the receptacle n.
Figure 2 is a section of part of a carding engine to which my improvements
are applied. 0, 0, are the feed rollers; p, the licker-in, which is clothed in the
manner described in reference to the main cylinder in the Specification above
referred to; p¹ is a perforated sheet metal case under the licker-in; q, the
retainer or stripping roller; and r, part of the main cylinder. The fibres to
be carded are delivered by the feed rollers o to the licker-in p, from the surface
of which they are taken up by the stripping roller 7, which delivers them to
the main cylinder. The teeth of the, licker-in are of such a form, and they
are set at the required angle, to liberate the fibres when they are presented to
the stripping roller.. Figures 3 and 4 represent in full size the form of teeth
which I prefer for the licker-in and stripping roller. The licker-in, the main
cylinder, and the stripping roller revolve in the direction of the arrows marked
upon them, and the relative velocities on their surfaces are about as three,

page_text: two, and one. By this arrangement and combination the main cylinder. is
stripped and kept clean by the action of the licker-in..
In compound carding engines a cylinder similar to the licker-in and a
retainer or stripping roller may be advantageously applied underneath the
main. cylinders, thus dispensing with the perforated casing and with the
"fancy" in woollen cards..
Figure 5 represents an elevation; and Fig. 6, a plan of my improved com
bination of machinery for combing, wool and other fibrous substances. s, s, are
the ordinary feed rollers; s¹, the licker-in; and s², the main or comb cylinder;
which are both clothed in the manner described in the Specification above
referred to; the main cylinder is furnished with a series of. retaining. rollers,
marked r,, up to 12. The fibres, after being carded, are deposited upon
the comb belt or chain t, which passes around the driving pulley t'. and carrier
pulley and runs in a line parallel with the axis of the main cylinder, the
teeth of the comb being at right angles to it. The shells fits close to the.
teeth of the comb cylinder s2 and the edge of the shell comes a little above
the bottom of the teeth of the comb belt or chain, where the fibres are con-
tinuously combed across this edge and carried forward in a straight line beyond
the comb cylinder to the driving pulley t¹, around which they pass and are
carried back at the other. side to the draw rollers u, by which the long fibres
are drawn out in a continuous sliver, and after passing through a condensing
tube and a pair of calender rollers win the ordinary manner, they are depo-
sited into a can or otherwise disposed of. The noils, short fibres, or dirt left
in the teeth of 'the' comb. are taken forward to the carrier pulley t2, and are
there stripped off by an elastic roller or brush and deposited in a suitable
receptacle in the usual manner. Any of the well-known methods for directing
the points of the fibres to the draw-rollers u may be used.
Figure 7 is a section of part of a card cylinder constructed according to my
improvements. The circumference of this cylinder is made of thin sheet iron,
and, by preference, double, so as to break the joints. y, y, are strips of sheet
steel or other metal with teeth punched in the edges, which are bent up and
slightly booked; corresponding holes are punched in the card sheets and
hooked on the teeth of the strips y; the strips have transverse slots, as shewn
in Figure's, through which they are bolted to the sheet-iron cylinder. When
5 sheet-iron cylinders are covered with card fillet the fillet is bolted at intervals
to the sheet iron with small button-headed bolts. Figure 9 is a section, full
size, of a strip y and the card sheets hooked on the teeth above referred to.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I declare that I claim,

page_text: First, the general arrangement of the parts forming the burring machine,
shewn and described in reference to Figure 1, by which the currents of air are
conveyed through the perforated casing underneath. the toothed beater.
Secondly, the improved arrangement of rollers; shewn and described in
reference to Figure 2, for stripping the main cylinders of carding engines.
Thirdly, the combination of a carding engine, constructed. in the manner
described in the Specification of Letters Patent. granted to me on the Nine-
teenth of September One thousand eight hundred and sixty, No. 2276,
with a comb, belt, or chain, as shewn and described in reference to Figures
5 and 6.
Fourthly, constructing the circumference of the main cylinders and other
rollers of carding engines of sheet metal, as shewn and described in reference
to Figure 7.
And, lastly, the improved mode of securing card clothing to the rollers and
cylinders of carding engines, as shewn and described in reference to Figures
7, 8, and 9.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, in the
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
year of our