IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS FOR SCREWS, AND IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Scattergood, of West Bromwich, in the
County of Stafford, Manager of Works, and Benjamin Wilkes, of
West Bromwich aforesaid, Iron Roller, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS FOR SCREWS, AND IN
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE,”
Scaled the 21st December 1874, and dated the 4th July 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Scattergood
and Benjamin Wilkes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th July 1874.
We, JAMES SOATTERGOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of
3 Stafford, Manager of Works, and BENJAMIN WILKES, of West Brom-
wich aforesaid, Iron Roller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ManufaCTURE OF NUTS FOR SCREWS, AND
IN MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the production by rolling, as herein-after
-

page_text: described, of bars of nut iron from which nut blanks are to be made,
that is to say, the production of bars of iron having the figure of a series
of hexagonal, octagonal, or other shaped nuts joined together side by
· side, nut blanks being made from the said bars of iron by cutting the
bar transversely at its narrowest parts.
::
We will describe our Invention as applied to the production of bars of
nut iron from which nut blanks of a hexagonal form are to be cut. The
said bars of nut iron are rectangular in cross section, and along their
shorter sides or edges V shaped depressions are made, cach V shaped
depression forming two sides of the nut blank.
In order that the bar of nut iron may be cut up into nut blanks
economically or without waste, it is necessary that the depressions on
opposite edges of the bar should be perfectly symmetrical both in figure
and size, that is, that the V depressions on one edge of the bar shall be
exactly opposite to and have the same shape as those on the other edge:
of the bar.
The production of bars of nut iron having the necessary accuracy of
figure and the symmetrical arrangement of the depressions for the
economical manufacture of nut blanks has hitherto not been accom-
plished. By our Invention the shaping or production of bars of nut
iron is effected with great facility, and the figure of the said bars is very
accurate, so that nut blanks can be cut therefrom with little or no
waste.
In manufacturing the said bars of nut iron according to our Invention
we use a pair of grooved rolls, having in their peripheries projections
corresponding to the depressions to be made on the edges of the bar.
These rolls are of the same diameter and rotate at the same speed, the
said rolls being so geared together that the projections in one roll exactly
meet those in the other roll, so as to form on the edges of the bar tho
V shaped depressions symmetrically arranged or exactly opposite one
another. We prefer to combine the said pair of shaping rolls with an
ordinary train of rolls, and after the bar has been rolled into a rectangular
form by the said train, and while it is still hot, to pass the heated bar
through the said pair of shaping rolls, by which its edges are shaped and
a bar of nut iron produced,

page_text: The arrangement of parts of the "guido mill" described in the Pro-
visional Specification filed by us on the 23rd day of May 1874, No. 1827,
may be used in carrying our present Invention into effect, but we do not
limit ourselves to that particular combination of parts.
The cutting transversely of the nut blanks from the bar of nut iron
and the punching of the holes in the said blanks are effected by the
ordinary processes and constitute no part of our Invention.
Although our Invention is particularly applicable to the production of
bars of nut iron for the manufacture of hexagonal nut blanks, yet
it is equally applicable to the production of bars of nut iron for the
manufacture of octagonal nut blanks, or other nut blanks having more
than four sidos.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Scattergood and Benjamin Wilkes in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
SCATTERGOOD, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Manager
of Works, and BENJAMIN WILKES, of West Bromwich aforesaid, Iron
Roller, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, Her special license that we, the said James Scattergood
and Benjamin Wilkes, our executors, administrators, and assigns,'
or such others as we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Leland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NUTS FOR SCREWS AND IN

page_text: 33
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID MANUFACture,'
upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their hands and seals, or under the hand and scal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
"
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE SAID Manufacture,'
upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their hands and seals, or under the hand and scal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascortained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say :—
Our Invention consists in the production by rolling, as hercin-after
described, of bars of nut iron from which nut blanks are to be made,
that is to say, the production of bars of iron having the figure of a series
of hexagonal, octagonal, or other shaped nuts joined together side by side,
nut blanks being made from the said bars of iron by cutting tho bar
transversely at its narrowest parts.
We will describe our Invention as applied to the production of bars of
nut iron from which nut blanks of a hexagonal form are to be cut. Tho
said bars of nut iron are rectangular in cross section, and along their
edges V shaped depressions are made, cach V shaped depression forming
two sides of adjacent nut blanks.
In order that the bar of nut iron may be cut up into nut blanks
economically or without waste, it is necessary that the depressions on
opposite edges of the bar should be perfectly symmetrical both in figure
and size, that is, that the V depressions in one edge of the bar shall be
exactly opposite to and have the same shape as those in the other edge
of the bar.
The production of bars of nut iron having the necessary accuracy of
figure and the symmetrical arrangement of the depressions for the
economical manufacture of nut blanks has hitherto not been aocom.

page_text: plished. By our Invention the shaping or production of bars of nut
iron is effected with great facility, and the figure of the said bars is very
accurate, so that nut blanks can be cut therefrom with littlo or no
waste.
In manufacturing the said bars of nut iron according to our Invention
wo use a pair of grooved rolls, having on their peripheries projections
corresponding to the depressions to be made in the edges of the bar.
These rolls are of the same diameter and rotate at the same speed, the
said rolls being so geared together that the projections on one roll exactly
meet those on the other roll, so as to form in the edges of the bar the
V shaped depressions symmetrically arranged or exactly opposite ono
another. We prefer to combine the said pair of shaping rolls with an.
ordinary train of rolls, and after the bar has been rolled into a rectangular
form by the said train, and while it is still hot, to pass the heated bar
through tho said pair of shaping rolls, by which its edges are shaped and
a bar of nut iron produced, but we do not confine ourselves to this
arrangement,
The arrangement of parts of the guide mill described in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent granted to us on the 23rd day of May 1874,
> No. 1827, may be used in carrying our present Invention into effect, but
wo do not limit ourselves to that particular combination of parts.
The cutting transversely of the nut blanks from the bar of nut iron
and the punching of the holes in the said blanks are effected by the
ordinary processes, and constitute no part of our Invention.
Although our Invention is particularly applicable to the manufacture
of hexagonal and octagonal nut blanks, yet it is equally applicable to
the production of bars of nut iron for the manufacture of other nut
blanks having more than four sides.
We will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing
O the manner in which our Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan and edge view of the full size a bar of nut
iron for the manufacture of hexagonal nut blanks, the said bar being
made by rolling according to our Invention; and Figure 2 represents a
front elevation, and Figure 3 a fransverse section on the line a, b,
Figure 2, of a pair of rolls and their gearing used in the production of

page_text: the said nut iron, the said rolls and gearing being arranged and worked
according to our Invention.
The nut iron, Figure 1, consists of a bar of iron rectangular in cross
section, having along its edges V shaped depressions c, c, tho V shaped
depressions in one edge of the bar being exactly opposito those in the t
other edge of the bar. Each depression in the edges of the bar forms
portions of two sides of adjacent nut blanks. The parts d of the nut
bar between the depressions c, c, have a slightly curved or convex figuro
given to them by the action of the rolls.
The pair of grooved rolls c, f, Figures 2 and 3, by which the bar of nut 1
iron, Figure 1, is fashioned, are the "guide rolls" of a guide mill, the
working and gearing of the said "guide rolls" being arranged according to
our Invention. On the peripheries of the said grooved rolls e, f, is a series
of projections 1, h, corresponding in figure to the depressions c, c, to be
made in the edges of the bar, Figure 1. The parts of the grooves of tho ]
rolls e, f, between the projections h, k, are concave to form the convex
parts d, d, of the bar, Figure 1. The rolls e, f, are fitted to make nut
iron for the manufacture of hexagonal nuts of different sizes. The said
rolls e, f, arc of the same diameter, and rotate at the same speed. The
spindles c², f, of the upper and lower rolls e, f, are geared together by 2
the toothed pinions i, k, on the said spindlos, the said pinions being of
equal diameter. The spindle f*, of the bottom roll ƒ is driven from the
spindle ƒ³ of the bottom rolls of the train, and the spindle e³ of the
upper roll C, which is uncoupled from the spindle of the middle rolls of
the train, receives its motion through the pinions i, k. The bottom roll ƒ 2
is thus driven from the bottom rolls of the train, and the upper roll c
from the said lower roll through the pinions i, k. By driving and
arranging the rolls e, f, in the manner represented the projectious h on
one roll exactly meet or are opposed to those on the other roll, so as to
form in the edges of the bar, Figuro 1, the V shaped depressious sym- 3
metrically arranged on the said bar or exactly opposite one another.
the guide at the front of the grooves of the rolls for guiding the bar to
the said grooves, and is the guide at the back of the rolls for receiving
the said bar as it passes from the said rolls. We prefer to make the bar
of nut iron represented in Figure 1 by first rolling a bar into a rec- 3
tangular form by means of the train of rolls of which the "guide.
is

page_text: rolls" e, f, form a part, and while the bar is still hot, to pass it through
the required pair of grooves of the rolls e, f, so as to shape its edges, and
give them the figure represented in Figure 1.
In making nuts from the bar, Figure 1; the said bar while still hot, or
after it has been reheated; is: fed into a machine,' by which the said bar
is out transversely at the dotted lines p, p, so as to form nut blanks
therefrom, and the said nut blanks aro afterwards perfected in figure and
holes punched in them by the action of the said machine, but as the
cutting off of the blanks and the finishing and perforating processes
constitute no part of our Invention, we do not consider à further
description necessary.
By rolling bars of nut iron according to our Invention the nut blanks
are cut therefrom with little or no waste.
In making bars of nut iron from which octagonal blanks or other nut
blanks having more than four sides are to be cut, the projections h, h, of
the rolls e, f, have the figure necessary to produce in the edges of the
bar depressions of the required shape.
Although we prefer to combino the rolls e, f, arranged, geared
together, and driven as described and represented with an ordinary guide
mill, yet the said rolls and gearing may be used independently of the
said guide mill.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of our Invention, but we claim as our Invention the improvements in
the manufacture of nuts for screws, and in machinery to be used in the
said manufacture, herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing, that is to say, making bars of nut iron from which
nut blanks are to be cut by rolling the said. bars by means of a pair of
grooved rolls, having projections on their peripheries corresponding to
the depressions to be made in the edges of the bar, the said rolls being
of the same diameter and rotating at the same speed, and so geared
together that the projections on one roll are exactly opposed to those on
the other roll, whereby the depressions in the edges of the bar are made

page_text: exactly opposite one another, or are symmetrically arranged in the edges
of the bar, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Scattergood and Benjamin
Wilkes, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord Ono thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
J. POVEY,
Hope Street,
-
West Bromwich.
JAMES SCATTERGOOD.
BENJAMIN WILKES.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)