IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu- PACTURE OF CAST STEEL AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR; ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER METALLURGICAL PURPOSES.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Brierley Denham Healey, of Brighouse, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manu-
PACTURE OF CAST STEEL AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR; ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER METALLURGICAL PURPOSES.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Brierley Denham Healey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th May 1873.
I, BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY, of Brighouse, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER METALLURGICAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to the process and furnaces and apparatus
described in the Specification of my Patent of the 11th January 1872,
No. 85, which is known as the "open hearth process," but part of the
furnace improvements are also applicable to the Siemens' furnaces,
Patents No. 167, A.D. 1861, and No. 1172, A.D. 1868, whether used for
this process or for other metallurgical purposes.

page_text: In carrying my said Patent into practice I found that the working of
the continuous regenerative furnace was not so satisfactory when the
regenerator chambers were over each other, and that part of the regenc-
rated heat was lost in going up the ports. I also discovered that several
further improvements were required in the general plant arrangements !
and in the details of my reversing valves for Siemen's furnaces.
According to my present Invention I improve the continuous regene-
rative furnace by building the regenerator chambers side by side, and
forming a cavity between the inlet ports and the outer work of the
furnace. The chambers contain fire-clay tubes as before, through which:
the waste heat passes, whilst the gas and air pass outside in the opposite
direction, and part of the waste heat passes through the said cavity on
its way to the regenerators.
I improve my reversing valves for Siemens' furnaces by placing eight
spherical valves to each furnace, two of each set being in connection :
with the gas and air respectively, and the other four with the chimney
and each chamber respectively, each corresponding pair being connected
by chains and pulleys to their reversing lever. To the said lever I attach
foot pieces with spring catches in such a way that a man can reverso
the valves by thrusting the foot pieces and catches with his feet. The
levers-are carried-in-the centre-by the regulating screws, and the valvo
chains are attached towards the ends.
The open hearth plant has an hydraulic ladle lift in the casting pit,
having long side beams upon which the ladle carriage runs out to such
an extent as to bring the nozzle of the ladle to the several moulds which
are placed in groups or otherwise outside the space required for ladle lift
gearing. Each pit will hold two complete casts of ingots, but may be
larger or smaller, and may be made of various depths to suit the special
work required.
The ladle carriage is made cheifly of cast iron, as also the stopper bars
for ladle stopper rods.
When using ingot turntables I attach to each a small water engine,

page_text: make the ingot moulds with three compartments and in halves, joining
them with dovetail and clip joints at outer partings and with cotter
5 bolts at inner partings. The bed plates for moulds are cast with channels
in them, and are provided with suitable covers, through which the metal
flows from the git mould to the ingot moulds. I sometimes use the
Pink's moulds, which are planed throughout and faced at the ends, and
in facing the ends I use a suitable bar for fixing the moulds in the lathe
) so as to face both ends at once and economise time in doing same.
The bed plates and git moulds may be used for casting tapered ingots,
or heavy castings may be made upon the same principle in the casting
pit.
The ingot crane I construct with one gland only, with cylinder in
three parts which are bolted together about the floor line; and from the
bed plate at floor line to the gland flange are tie bolts to relieve the
strain upon the cylinder.
In working the gas generators under the ordinary pressure of the
atmosphere I find it is very advantageous to have light hinged doors in
front of the fires, leaving about nine inches from the floor to the lower
edge of same, by which means the pits are kept cooler, and more heat
is available for evaporising the water which is allowed to run regularly
into the fire-holes, and the gas produced is richer than when worked
with less water, and no doors as is generally the custom.
.
› SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Brierley Denham Healey in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRIERLEY
DENHAM HEALEY, of Brighouse, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant

page_text: unto me, the said Brierley Denham Healey, Her special licence that I, the
said Brierley Denham Healey, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Brierley Denham Healey, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CAST STEEL AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS THEREFOR; ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER METALLURGICAL PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Brierley Denham Healey, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Brierley Denham Healey, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
"
My said Invention has reference to the process, and furnaces, and
apparatus described in the Specification of my Patent of the 11th
January 1872, No. 85, which is known as the " open hearth process,
but part of the furnace improvements are also applicable to the Siemens'
furnaces, Patents No. 167, A.D. 1861, and No. 1172, A.D. 1868,
whether used for this process or for other metallurgical purposes.
In carrying my said Patent into practice I found the working of the
continuous regenerative furnace was not so satisfactory when the
regenerator chambers were over each other, and that part of the re-
generated heat was lost in going up the ports. I also discovered that
several further improvements were required in the general plant
arrangements and in the details of my reversing valves for Siemens'
furnaces.
According to my present Invention I improve the continuous
regenerative furnace by building the regenerator chambers side by side

page_text: furnace. The chambers contain fire-clay tubes, as before, through
which the waste heat passes, whilst the gas and air pass outside in the
opposite direction, and part of the waste heat passes through the said
cavity on its way to the regenerators.
I improve my reversing valves for Siemens' furnaces, placing eight
valves formed as frustums of a sphere to each furnace, two valves of
each set being in connection with the gas and air respectively, and the
other four with the chimney and each chamber respectively; each
corresponding pair being connected by means of chains and pullies to
their reversing lever. To the said lever I attach foot pieces or tappets,
with suitable catches, in such a way that a man can reverse the valves
by thrusting the foot pieces or tappets with his feet. The levers are
carried in the centre by the regulating screws, and the valve chains are
attached towards the ends.
I now arrange the "open hearth plant," without the ingot turn-
tables, by placing the hydraulic ladle lift in the casting pit and
fixing upon its centre casting long side beams or rails upon which the
ladle carriage runs out to such an extent as to bring the nozzle of the
ladle to the several moulds which are placed in groups or otherwise out-
side the space required for ladle lift gearing. Each pit will hold two
complete casts of ingots, but may be made larger or smaller, and may
be made of various depths to suit the special work required.
The ladle carriage is made chiefly of cast iron, as also the stopper
bars for ladle stopper rods.
When the ingot turntables are used I attach to each a small water
engine, which is provided with a four-way cock for reversing the motion
when required, and a similar engine I sometimes attach to my improved
ladle lifts for the revolving motion. The ingot crane I construct with
one gland only, with cylinder in three parts, which are bolted together
about the floor line, and from the bed plate at floor line to the gland
flange are tie bolts to relieve the strain upon the cylinder.
When casting ingots in groups I make the git moulds with hinges
and dovetail and clip joints, and bell mouth the inside at the top. I
make the ingot moulds with three compartments and in halves, joining
them with dovetail and clip joints at outer partings, and with cotter
bolts at inner partings. The bed plates for moulds are cast with
channels in them and are provided with suitable covers through which

page_text: the metal flows from the git mould to the ingot moulds. I sometimes
use Pink's moulds, which are planed throughout and faced at the ends;
and in facing the ends I use a suitable bar for fixing the moulds in the
lathe, so as to face both ends at once and economise time in doing
same.
The bed plates and git moulds may be used for casting tapered ingots,
or heavy castings may be made upon the same principle in the casting
pit.
E
In working the gas generators under the ordinary pressure of the
atmosphere I find it is very advantageous to have light doors hinged in 1
front of the fires, leaving about nine inches from the floor to the lower
edge of same; by which means the pits are kept cooler and more heat
is available for evaporising the water which is allowed to run regularly
into the fire-holes, and the gas produced is richer than when worked
with less water and no doors, as is generally the custom.
And in order that this Invention may be better understood I will now
describe it with reference to the six Sheets of Drawings which I have
hereunto annexed and the manner I carry the same into effect.
]
Figures 1 to 6 shew the improvements of the continuous regenerative
gas furnace; Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section; Fig. 2-is-a-plan-on line
1,2; Fig. 3 a plan on line 3, 4; Fig. 4, a section on line 5, 6; Fig. 5,
a section on line 7, 8, and Fig. 6, a section on line 9, 10. According
to this arrangement the gas enters at the valve A, passing through the
inlets B, B, to the regenerators C, C, and the air enters at the valves
D, D, passing to the regenerators E, E. They then pass towards their
ports impinging upon the tiers of fire-clay tubes which form the re-
generating medium, these in the first instance having been heated. The
gas and air are thus heated as they approach their ports, the gas
passing up the port C¹, and the air up the ports E¹, E', to the mixing
chamber F, where they ignite. The flame passes along the furnace a
chamber, and the products of combustion enter the flues G, G, and pass
through the flues H, and J, J, to the regenerator tubes, passing through.
these in sections, right and left, and through the flues K, L, K³, L³,
and K2 respectively to the chimney flue M, giving heat to the tubes, which
is restored by the incoming gas and air to the furnace. The chimney
draught is regulated by the damper N, and when the furnace is stopped
the valve O is opened to liberate the gas from the chambers C, C, and

page_text: the valve P is opened when required during repairs. I have found it
necessary to build the gas and air ports within the heat flues J¹, J¹,
in order to prevent radiation of the regenerated heat, and also to form a
cavity between the inner and outer walls of the heat flues H
and J, J, to which air is admitted at Q, Q', escaping through the
ventilators Q³, Q³, by which means these flues are rendered very much
more durable. A chamber R is formed at the flue end of the furnace
for heating scrap before it is introduced into the molten bath. The
binding plates are fixed with their flanges inwards, thus presenting a
much larger sectional area for tension than is usually obtained.
Figure 7 shews a section of the improved method of fixing the doors
infront of the gas generators. The doors S are hinged to the walls, and
when open they rest in the recesses indicated by dotted lines St. The air
passes under the doors through the space T, which is about 9 inches, and
the water jet is fixed in the aperture V. The front W of the gene-
rators X is entirely of brickwork; this arrangement keeps the pits
comparatively cool, and more heat is available for evaporising the water
from the jets which is decomposed under the grates in a manner well
understood.
Figures 8 to 11 shew my improved valves for the regenerative gas
furnace, well known as the Siemen's furnace, which is extensively used
for the "open hearth process;" Fig. 8 shews a plan of the valve setting;
Fig. 9, a section on line 11, 12; Fig. 10, a section on line 13, 14; and
Fig. 11, an inverted plan on line 15, 16. The valves A and A¹ admit
air alternately to the flues B and B', which lead to the air regenerators,
and the valves C and O' admit gas alternately to the flues D and D¹,
which lead to the gas regenerators, whilst the products of combustion
pass to the chimney flue E from the valves A or A³ and C2 or 0³. The
valves when working assume the relative possitions indicated by dotted
lines on Fig. 10 during one interval, and the reverse possitions during the
next interval, which is usually 30 minutes. In the Drawings both gas
and air valves are shewn of similar size, but in some cases the propor-
tions vary so that the gearing requires a slight modification, which
however is easily comprehended. The air valves are connected to the
lever F, and the gas valves to the lever F, the lower valves A³ and A³ to
the lever F, and the lower valves C² and C³ to the lever Ft. The gas
lever is carried by a regulator G, and the air lever F is carried by a
similar regulator, but the lower valve levers F1 and F³ are carried by one

page_text: regulator G³, which regulates the chimney draught; the latter however
may have separate regulators when desirable, so as to regulate the
draught from gas and air chambers separately. At the joints of the side
boxes H and H³, with the centre box H³, there are cutting-off slots, and
by inserting a damper at J or J', and taking off the respective covers K
or K', the valves may be cleaned one at a time whilst the furnace is
working. Gas is conducted from the main flue by means of the inlet
box L and pipe M, but the air valves are open to the atmosphere of the
valve pit, and the four lower valves are in direct communication with
the chimney flue and the four regenerator chambers.
In starting the furnace two pairs of tappets, say N₁, are disengaged,
and the regulators are turned on, upon which the levers rise at one end,
as indicated by dotted lines on Fig. 10, the tappets protruding through
the floor plates; and when the interval for reversing has elapsed the
fixed tappets are then disengaged, and the protruding tappets are pushed
down, by which operation the currents are reversed. The gearing for
reversing and regulating is fixed to a plate which forms part of the valve
pit, covering in which are two small hand holes T, T. Through the
latter the tappets are worked in slots cut at the corners, which allows
of the removal or fixing of the tappets to or from the levers. The valves:
sit upon annular seats O, which rest upon bed plates P, the lower valves
being made of such-a-size-as to pass through the upper scats, and the
lower seats through the upper bed plates. The air valve chains pass from
the levers F and F¹ under the pullies Q, Q, and over the pullies which are
fixed on the bracket R, the latter being fixed to the bed plates of the air 2
valves. Each chain has a stretching screw S, which is screwed with
right and left handed threads in the usual way.
Figures 12 to 15 shew the hydraulic ladle lift and ladle carriage;
Fig. 12 is a plan of the casting pit and lift; Fig. 13 a plan of ladle
carriage in possition for receiving the metal from the furnace; Fig. 14 a 3
sectional elevation on line 17, 18, indicating possition of ladle carriage
before the lift is raised; and Fig. 15 is a section of tapping pit on
line 19, 20.
The head of the hydraulic ram A is provided with a cast-iron frame B,
upon which are bolted long rails C, C, and a bracket D for the ladle 3
traverser J. The frame B revolves upon a ball or cup joint at the
head of the ram, and is steadied by a ring of friction rollers E, E, tho

page_text: general details of which are well known. In some cases I apply tho
water engine, as indicated on Fig. 12, to turn the lift around its centre,
in which case the chain F is tied to the clip pulley G when the ram is
down; and when at the height for casting the slack part is attached to the
small clip pulley G', and the water engine is started backward or forward,
as required, a chain is attached to the barrel H for the purpose of
drawing the ladle carriage from the tapping pit to the lift, the
traverser J and chain assuming the possition indicated by dotted lines
on Fig. 14.
When the lift begins to rise the traverser is put into gear in tho
bracket D, and the drag chain is slipped off. When the casting is over
the carriage is moved on to one of the sidings S¹, the rails S, S, resting
in channels formed in the floor plates, and one end of the rails C, C, and
the moveable rails C¹, dotted on Fig. 14, rest on projecting sockets at
the end of rails S, S. The sides K and back L of the ladle carriage are
of cast iron, the wheels bearing upon short axles, which are turned and
fitted into the side castings. On the back casting L fixings are provided
for the traverser J and steady bar N, the back and sides being braced at
the angles by plates M, M, which are of wrought iron. The ladle
stopper rod O is suspended from the head of the cast-iron slide bar P,
which works in guides Q, Q, being actuated by a lever in a manner
well known, which latter has a pin a short distance from one end, which
works in the clongated slot P¹, whilst the end of the lever is attached to
a stud in ladle belt. The floor plates of tapping pit overhang the walls,
as indicated by R, R, being held down by bolts in the walls. Four mould
bottoms are shewn by dotted lines on Fig. 12, their feeders being at the
points marked T, T. Each group contains five ingots of, say 10 cwts.
cach, but if lighter ingots are to be cast the pit will hold only enough
moulds for one cast, which is generally found sufficient, as the interval
between casting is usually 12 hours. The nozzle V of the ladle can be
moved in or out a few inches to suit the moulds by working the
traverser J.
Figures 16 to 18 shew modifications of the arrangement of casting
pits; Fig. 16 shews one ladle lift for two furnaces with a railway in the
centre of casting shop; Fig. 17 shews a similar arrangement with two
railways; and Fig. 18 shews the arrangement with a lift to each furnace.
The pits A and lifts B are made larger than the pits A' and lifts B¹,
but in each modification shewn the hydraulic ingot crane E, git mould

page_text: gas jets F, and ladle gas jets G, are placed in suitable possitions with
regard to furnace C and sidings D. The lifts, crane, and water engines
are worked by three and four-way valves which are placed in a suitable
box near the crane from which the tenter can see his work.
Figures 19 to 21 shew the improved hydraulic ingot crane; Fig. 19
is a sectional elevation; Fig. 20 a section on line 23, 24; and Fig. 21 a
section on line 25, 26. The top and bottom parts of the cylinder or pole-
case H and H' are joined to a bed plate J at the floor line, from which
to the gland flange K are tension rods L to relieve the strain upon the
cylinder. The bed plate J is secured by bolts which are cottered to the
lower plate M, in which the lower part of the cylinder is fixed. The
water enters the cylinder through the bed plate J from a pipe attached at
N and lifts the ram P. The head O on the ram P is tappered to receive
the top part of the ram but has no friction rollers.
travels upon the gib Q which is bolted to the head O.
The carriage R
Figures 22 and 23 shew the hydraulic accumulator from which the
lifts and cranes are supplied with water. Fig. 22 is a section and Fig. 23
a plan on line 21, 22. The water from the pump enters at S and passes
from the pipe T to the valves which are connected with the lifts and
cranes, the necessary pressure being obtained by means of weights V
which are suspended by tie bolts from-the-cross head W-of-the-ram X,-
and the latter rises in the cylinder Y as the water is forced in from the
pump. This method of storing power is well known and is only
described here with reference to the accumulator and pump that the
apparatus may be more fully understood.
Figures 24 to 26 shew the water engine used in connection with the
hydraulic ladle lifts and ingot turntables. Fig. 24 is a plan shewing
one cylinder in section and two in elevation; Fig. 25 is a sectional
elevation; and Fig. 26 a transverse section of valve. The water enters
at A and presses the plug B upon its seat by acting against the leather
gland. When the handle B¹ is turned to the left the water will force
the rams C, C, and C³, alternately, passing through the pipes D, D¹,
and D³, whilst the waste water flows through the pipes E, E¹, and E³,
to the outlet F. The ends of the cylinders are fitted so as to oscillate
upon the trunions G, G¹, and G³, and are steadied by the bars H, which
are bolted to the bed plate. The crank pins J and J' are 60° from
a line drawn between J¹ and K in the centre of the engine, and the

page_text: trunions are so placed that when the pin J¹ has advanced 120° from
the possition shewn, the centre of G³ will be in line with J¹ and
J, and G will have a corresponding possition on the reverse side of
engine. The crank pin J¹ is shewn on a dead centre with the shaft K,
the ram C being under pressure and O* open to exhaust. By reversing
the lever B¹ the motion is reversed, and by placing it in an upright
possition the engine stops.
Figures 27 to 30 shew two valves for crane and lifts, one being a slight
modification of the other. The water from the accumulator enters at A,
pressing upon the plug B which when turned for lifting places A open
to the outlet D, and when turned for lowering D is placed in commu-
nication with the exhaust F.
Figure 31 is a plan of the valve used for water engine on an
enlarged scale, which is sometimes made with a solid bottom as shown
on Fig. 27, but for small valves a bottom for valve casing is not required.
The general details of these valves are of the ordinary kind; their cheif
peculiarity being that the plugs do not require holding down by glands
as they are kept down by the water pressure and are nearly balanced as
regards the area of top and bottom surfaces, the top however always
being slightly in excess of the bottom area.
Figures 32 to 34 show a simple form of pump which I prefer to use
in connection with the accumulator already described. Fig. 32 is a
longitudinal section; Fig. 33, a section on line 27, 28; and Fig. 34, a
modification of the pump. Steam is admitted to the space A and passes
through the port B driving the piston to the left, whilst the exhaust
steam passes to the chamber through the port B¹; as the piston
approaches the left cover the tappet D comes in contact with same,
thereby placing the port E open to the exhaust chamber C, upon which
the valve F which is open to pressure at both ends moves quickly
to the left, and the port B' admits steam for the return stroke, the
exhaust passing through the port B. The handle J is used when
required for starting the pump, as also the handle at lower sido of
outer cover if water logged. The bar G prevents the piston from
twisting, and the bars H balance the pressure upon the lower part of the
piston, as their outer faces are in connection with the exhaust chamber.
The modification shews a single suction pump with double delivery, the
area of the piston and rod being such that only half the water drawn

page_text: during one stroke is delivered during the return stroke, and the other
half during the next suction stroke. The suction valves K, air vessel
M, and delivery L, are of ordinary construction.
Figures 35 to 53 shew the improvements in the apparatus used for
casting ingots in groups when such is used.
Fig. 35 is a plan of the triple ingot mould, and Fig. 36 is a section
of same. All the outer joints are fastened by clips A upon dovetails B,
and the inner joints by keys C, the thickness of the mould being
increased at the line of fastenings, as shewn by D.
Fig. 37 shews a plan of a bottom plate for two triple moulds, with 1
a single mould and git mould between them, and Fig. 38 is a section
of same with moulds H and git G in possition. The bottoms K have
runners J, as shewn in my Patent, No. 85, A.D. 1872, which are kept
down by covers of cast iron L and M upon which the moulds are placed.
The git mould cover M is keyed to the bottom K, and the git mould G 1
is bolted to the cover M.
Figure 39 shews the application of the covers L' and M to a group
of single ingot moulds upon a bottom K.
Fig. 40 shews a section of the top hinge N and clip A of the git
mould, the bell mouth O being shewn with the nozzle P of the ladle 2
inserted therein ready for tapping.
.
Fig. 41 is a plan of the git mould shewing the hinge and clip joints
and the bolt holes in bottom flange. By placing the nozzle of the
ladle in the bell mouth of the git mould the usual induced current of
air is partially prevented from entering, but this form of mouth is equally 2
usefull for ordinary nozzles.
Triple ingot moulds may be made to open at the angles so as to
correspond to a triplicate of Figs. 42 and 43, which shew the application
of the clips A and dovetails B to single moulds.
Fig. 44 shows the special bar I use for fixing Pink's moulds in the 3
lathe for facing both ends of the mould at once. The bar X is re-
presented as in the lathe centres Y, and with two tools V cutting the
ends W of the mould.
Fig. 45 shews the core bar Q and plate R used for lining the git
moulds with loam, Fig. 46 being a plan of plate R.
3

page_text: Fig. 47 is an enlarged section of an ingot mould joint, the bevil
parts E touching each other before the flat faces F so as to get a
tight fit.
Figs. 48 and 49 shew the stoppers used for the ingot moulds already
described, which are made about one-eight of an inch less than the
moulds.
Figs. 50 and 51 shew the application of the covers L to a group
of circular moulds T, and Figs. 52 and 53 shew the gas jet plates
used for drying the git moulds after they are lined. The covers L, L',
and M. are planed on their upper surfaces when using moulds with
faced ends, but the circular covers L' are only bored out at the connical
part S, and the moulds T are turned to fit. The bottoms K and their
covers may be used for casting ingots in solid moulds, or in opening
moulds with taper, if unplaned, and the moulds will sit close enough
upon the covers if clean castings or if cast in chills.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and the best means I am acquainted with of
performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not restrict
myself to the precise details of the various arrangements shewn on
the accompanying Drawings, or described herein; and I hereby declare
that I do not claim the principle of obtaining intense heat, or of
applying hydraulic power generally, but what I believe to be novel
and original and claim as my Invention is, the herein-described In-
vention of "Improvements in the Manufacture of Cast Steel, and in
Furnaces and Apparatus therefor, also applicable to other Metallurgical
Purposes," in regard to such Invention, comprising,-
First. Constructing continuous regenerative gas furnaces with heat
flues for preventing loss of regenerated heat, and with ventilating flues
for preserving the walls of the first heat flues.
Second. Constructing gas and air valves for the Siemens' regenerative
gas furnace, in such a way that they regulate the volume of the gases
to and from the furnace, as well as the direction of the currents to and
from the chambers.
Third. Constructing the casting pits of " open hearth furnaces" with
ladle lifts in the centre, in such a way that the ladle can be traversed
to or from the centre of the lifts.

page_text: Fourth. Constructing the ladle carriage and ladle as herein-before
described with reference to the Drawings.
Fifth. Constructing the hydraulic ingot cranes in the manner herein-
before described with reference to the Drawings.
Sixth. Constructing the apparatus shewn on Sheet 6 for casting ingots 5
of steel, produced by the "open hearth process," in the manner herein-
before described.
Seventh. Constructing gas generators with doors for the purposes
described in reference to Fig. 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said Brierley Denham Healey, have 1
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
Witness,
•
CHARLES H. PIESSE,
303, Strand,
London.
B. D. HEALEY. (L.S.)