IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Heywood, of 60, Sackville Street, in the
City of Manchester, and County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Sealed the 20th April 1866, and dated the 27th October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Heywood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1865.
I, EDWIN HEYWOOD, of 60, Sackville Street, in the City of Manchester, and
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALENDERING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The process called "finishing" woven fabrics is ordinarily effected by the
fabric being placed in folds in a powerful press, with sheets of paper between
the folds, and plates of hot metal and other sheets of paper at intervals, or
between the pieces.
"Calendering" is usually effected by passing the fabric between heated
metal rollers and other solid rollers with surfaces of paper or other fibre
compressed to a high degree, proportionate. to the extent of surface rigidity

page_text: required, and yet so as to admit of slight yielding, and I have found that by
passing the fabric to be acted upon over and in contact with a cylinder heated
internally and having a surface formed of paper or other suitable fibre, and
at the same time subjecting the fabric to pressure upon such cylinder by
means of other smaller rollers or bowls, some or all of which may have their
surfaces formed of paper or other suitable fibre, finer lustre, calendering or
finish is obtained, less heat is required, and the fibre of the fabric is less
injuriously acted upon. The pressure exerted by these smaller rollers may be
regulated by springs or otherwise, and may progressively increase from the
first to the last of the series; some or all of them may also be hollow, and
heated internally, and one or more of this series of rollers may have a copper
or brass surface and be heated internally. In place of the fabric being passed
between one larger and several smaller cylinders or bowls it may be passed
around one and then the next alternately of series of rollers or bowls of
similar or different sizes arranged in vertical, horizontal, or other suitable
directions, some or all of these rollers or bowls having surfaces of paper or
other suitable fibre, and being heated internally.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edwin Heywood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
HEYWOOD, of 60, Sackville Street, in the City of Manchester, and County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edwin Heywood, Her special licence that I, the said Edwin Heywood my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edwin
Heywood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CALENDERING AND FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edwin

page_text: Heywood, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that the said Edwin Heywood, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The process called " finishing" woven fabrics is ordinarily effected by the
fabric being placed in folds in a powerful press, with sheets of paper between
'the folds, and plates of hot metal and other sheets of paper at intervals, or
between the pieces.
"Calendering" is usually effected by passing the fabric between heated
metal rollers and other solid rollers, with surfaces of paper or other fibre
compressed to a high degree proportionate to the extent of surface rigidity
required, and yet so as to admit of slight yielding. And I have found that by
passing the fabric to be acted upon over and in contact with a cylinder heated
internally, and having a surface formed of paper or other suitable fibre, and
at the same time subjecting the fabric to pressure upon such cylinder by
means of other smaller rollers or bowls, some or all of which may have their
surfaces formed of paper or other suitable fibre, finer lustre, calendering,
or finish is obtained, less heat is required, and the fibre of the fabric is less
injuriously acted upon. The pressure exerted by these smaller rollers may be
regulated by springs or otherwise, and may progressively increase from the
first to the last of the series. Some or all of them may also be hollow and
heated internally, and one or more of this series of rollers may have a copper
or brass surface and be heated internally.
But that the Invention may be better understood, I will by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings proceed to describe more fully means pursued by me
in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side view of apparatus arranged according to my
Invention, and Figure 2 shows a section of part of the same.
a, a, is the
main framing; 6 is the main cylinder, which, as more clearly shown by the
sectional view, Figure 2, is formed with a surface of firmly compressed paper
or other suitable fibre 6¹. The fabric to be acted upon is placed on a beam c,

page_text: and it is thence conducted in the direction indicated by the red line c¹ over
the roller 6, and thence it is conducted away by the roller e on to the delivery
roller f. In this course of the fabric it is subjected to pressure on the
cylinder by means of other smaller rollers or bowls g, g, which are also
formed with an operating surface of compressed paper or other suitable fibre.
In place of the fabric being passed between one larger and several smaller
cylinders or bowls, it may be passed around one, and then the next alternately
of series of rollers or bowls of similar or different sizes, arranged in vertical,
horizontal, or other suitable directions, some or all of these rollers or bowls
having surfaces of paper or other suitable fibre, and being heated internally.
Having thus described my improvements, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shown and described, so long as the
peculiar character of my Invention be retained; but what I do claim is,-
The use of hollow metal rollers coated with paper or other suitable fibre
and heated internally, in the process of calendering and finishing woven
fabrics.
Also, I claim the adaptation or combination of means whereby hollow
metal rollers coated with paper or other suitable fibre and heated internally
are employed with other pressing rollers or bowls for effecting the calendering
and finishing of woven fabrics, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Heywood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
EDWIN HEYWOOD. (L.S.)