Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement, Artificial Stone; Preservative Composition, Concrete, or the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Sept, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 14th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 9th July, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement, Artificial Stone;
Preservative Composition, Concrete, or the like.
We, CHARLES HEAP, of Caldershaw, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer
and Finisher, and THOMAS ODDY, of River Street, Rochdale, aforesaid, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cement, artificial stone, preservative
composition for coating materials, concrete or similar substances.
It consists essentially of a composition comprising.-
1. Magnesium chloride.
2. Chloride of zinc or hydro-oxide of zinc.
3. Litharge or oxide of lead.
4. Sodium silicate or water glass.
5. Hydrochloric acid. Ether.
6. Silica either pure or in the form of quartz, albite, pumice stone, steatite or
other variety, or as a substitute, raw uncalcined magnesite or dolomite.
7. Arsenic when required for mixing with or coating metals.
To this composition is added any desired quantity of inert matter as a filling.
In carrying out the invention we take the solid materials, and grind them to a
fine powder, either separately or together, and intimately mix them together in a
dry state, and then add sufficient hydrochloric acid to convert them into a paste or
plastic mass. This mixture we then dry in a suitable stove or oven, preferably at a
moderate temperature but any degree of heat may be employed that is found to be
suitable.
i
When the composition is intended to be mixed with waste iron or other metal
clippings, such as tin-plate clippings or the like, or to be applied as a coating or
covering for metal structures, we add a small quantity of arsenic, which we find has
the effect of causing it to adhere more intimately thereto.
When uncalcined magnesite or dolomite constitute ingredients of the composition,
we also employ ether or other spirit to soften or moisten the mixture.
The composition may be used as a cement or may be mixed with any inert material
to form artificial stone, tiles or other solid bodies or substances. Such materials as
the following may be employed for this purpose, either in broken pieces or ground
fine, viz.
Quarry refuse, rubbings from stone polishings, asbestic, marble refuse, plaster of
Paris, ground or broken glass, ground or broken clinkers, ground or broken bricks;
fine quartz, granite, granite dust, refuse from glass works, shale, ground scale from
retorts, slate dust, stone chippings, gravel, ironstone, potters' clay, sand, dry clay or
earth, sawdust, hay, straw, cork, cocoa-nut fibre, black sand and all other kinds of
silicious matter, destructor refuse, slag wool, slag from furnaces, sheet iron cuttings,
wood and paper pulp, paper cuttings or the like.
Dated this 17th day of September 1897.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement, Artificial Stone,
Preservative Composition, Concrete, or the like.
We, CHARLES HEAP, of Caldershaw, Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer
and Finisher, and THOMAS ODDY, of River Street, Rochdale, aforesaid, Electrical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cement, artificial stone, concrete, a
preservative composition for coating materials, or similar substances.
It consists essentially of a composition comprising as a base;
with or without other elements and to which is added or with which is incorporated
any inert mineral or other matter which may be cemented or bound together forming
artificial stone, concrete or the like.
In carrying out the invention we take the chloride of magnesium and the silicate
of soda and dissolve in water and add one solution to the other preferably with the
addition also of a small quantity of hydro-chloric acid. From this we obtain a
gelatinous precipitate. To the precipitate thus obtained we add the silica and lime
in the desired proportions.
If intended for cement the material is dried at a moderate temperature in a suitable
stove or oven and ground.
For the manufacture of artificial stone, tiles, or other solid bodies or substances,
inert materials either in the form of powder or broken or irregular pieces are added
to the material prepared as above, water if necessary being added to keep it in a
plastic state until a thorough mixture is effected. To give a definite shape to such
stone, tile or other solid bodies the mass is placed in moulds after. which it is with-
drawn from such moulds to dry and set and if desired pressure may be applied whilst
the mass is in the moulds.
Such materials as the following may be employed for the purpose ;-
Quarry refuse, rubbings from stone polishings, asbestic, marble refuse, plaster of
Paris, ground or broken glass, ground or broken clinkers, ground or broken bricks,
fine quartz, granite, granite dust, refuse sand from glass works, shale, ground scale
from retorts, slate dust, stone chippings, gravel, ironstone potters' clay, sand, dry clay
or earth, sawdust, hay, straw, cork, cocoa-nut fibre, black sand, and other kinds of
silicious matter, destructor refuse, slag wool, slag from furnaces, sheet-iron cuttings,
wood and paper pulp, paper cuttings or the like.
When the composition is intended to be mixed with waste iron or other metal
clippings, such as tin-plate clippings or the like, or to be applied as a coating or
covering for metal structures, we add a small quantity of arsenic, which we find has
the effect of causing it to adhere more intimately thereto.
The following may be taken as examples of suitable mixtures or compositions for
producing various qualities or descriptions of articles.

page_text: Chloride of magnesium 45° T.
Silicate of soda
Water
Hydrochloric acid
Kampylite
Hydro magnesite
Silica or ground glass
Lime
1
1

page_text: The above are given as samples of suitable mixtures and proportions for various
articles but it is to be understood that the quantities or proportions may be varied as
may be found desirable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. The method of manufacturing cement, artificial stone and similar articles by
mixing solutions of chloride of magnesium, and silicate of soda, taking the precipitate
therefrom and adding lime, silica and an inert or filling material, substantially as
described.
2. A cement prepared from chloride of magnesium, silicate of soda, lime and silica,
substantially as described.
3. An aritificial stone or material prepared with a base comprising chloride of
magnesium, silicate of soda, lime and silica with which is incorporated an inert or
filling material substantially as described.
4. A cement or artificial stone manufactured substantially as described with
reference to either of the examples set forth in the specification.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool and London, Patent Agents.