matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND SECURING ENVELOPES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1867.-A communication from abroad by Sigmund Ullman,
of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING AND
SECURING ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to a new and improved mode of cutting the
envelopes, whereby a saving in paper is effected; and, secondly, to securing
the envelopes by means of eyelets whereby the former cannot possibly be
opened and re-fastened without evidence being left of the fact.
In cutting a piece of paper to the form required for making the improved
envelope the portion forming the face of the envelope has at either of its
sides or its ends large flaps, one of which is equal in size to the face or body of
the envelope, and the other rather more than half that length. At the sides or
the ends of the body of the envelope at right angles to the flaps just mentioned
are small flaps which are intended to lap over the larger flaps. In folding
the piece of paper to form the envelope the long flap is turned over in con-
tact with the main part or body, the former extending the whole length of
the latter, and the shorter and corresponding flap is turned over upon it, and
the small or narrow flaps are then turned over upon or against the larger
flaps. A small metal eyelet is now passed through the envelope near one
edge, the eyelet passing through one narrow flap and both of the larger flaps.

page_text: The folded envelope is also punctured to receive another eyelet at the opposite
edge after a letter or other enclosure is inserted; loose eyelets will therefore
require to be furnished with the improved envelopes. These eyelets may be
rivetted by a very simple hand implement that anyone can use, and both
eyelets will be so near the edges of the envelope that they cannot be cut out
and larger ones inserted, as it is not designed to leave space enough for that
purpose. The eyelet by which the envelope is closed may pass through the
postage stamp, and it will thus serve to cancel the same. It is designed to
furnish the narrow flaps of the envelope with water marks, so as to prevent a
portion of the envelope being cut away to abstract a letter and a new flap
formed out of the same envelope, the absence of the water mark indicating
that the envelope has been opened,
AN IMPROVED CANDLE FIXER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Soames at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th September
1867.
I, JAMES SOAMES, of the Thames Soap Works, Greenwich, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CANDLE FIXER,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a candle fixer or apparatus for
holding or securing candles of several sizes. By the use of the candle fixer
the same candlestick can be employed for holding candles of various diameters,
and it also acts as a save-all, as the candle may be entirely consumed without
waste.
The improved candle fixer consists of a metal button or disc of a suitable
diameter, with a shank or pin on its under side, and having on its upper side
or face claws or angular and tapered prongs, of which there may be three or
more of any convenient height projecting upwards for the purpose of receiving
and holding the lower end of the candle. To the shank or pin projecting from
the under side of the button or disc a spring is fixed; this spring is made of
suitable dimensions to be received into the socket of a candlestick according to
its diameter and the size of the candle to be used, and by the expansion of the
spring firmly secures the candle and candle fixer. I prefer to make the spring

page_text: in one piece and rivet it in the middle of its length, and bending it up on
each side of the stud or pin curve each point inward. Two such springs may
be attached to or fitted upon the stud or pin at right angles to each other
so as to press upon the inner side of the candlestick socket at four points
instead of two.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING AND EXCAVATING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Read at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1867.
I, WILLIAM READ, of Newton Heath, near the City of Manchester, Mill-
wright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING AND EXCAVATING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in boring holes into the coal or other mineral to
be excavated by an instrument similar to a carpenter's brace bit; this
instrument is pushed forward and turned round by a screw and nut; this nut
has teeth on its circumference gearing into a pinion fixed to a shaft supported
in a frame through which the screw passes; on this shaft is a second pinion
having one or more teeth more than the pinion for driving the nut, and this
second pinion is driven by a wheel loose on the screw but connected to it by a
sliding key and turned round by a chain or otherwise. As the hole is being
bored water under pressure is admitted to clear out the borings. When the
hole is bored to the requisite depth the boring tool is removed and another
instrument, consisting of a nut provided with four or other convenient number
of expanding wedges, is put into the hole, the wedges are then expanded and
forced into the coal or other mineral by a sliding tube driven by a nut on the
screw. When the wedges are expanded the instrument with the expanded
wedges is drawn back by continueing the motion of the screw, and it brings
with it the coal or other mineral to be excavated. The machinery is put in
motion by compressed air, steam, or other power.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Delessert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1867. A communication from abroad by Alfred Pierre Tronchon, of
Paris, France.
I, EUGÈNE DELESSERT, of King William Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," (communicated to me
from abroad by Alfred Pierre Tronchon, of Paris, France,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention primarily relates to the employment of india-rubber, gutta
percha, or analogous substances, or colodion or compounds of the same
possessing similar elastic and plastic qualities, in the manufacture of cartridges
for breech-loading fire-arms as hereafter described.
According to one arrangement I form the base of the cartridge, which by
preference is made somewhat conical, of a disc of either of the above-named
materials, say india-rubber. The inner side of the disc is somewhat cupped,
and a metal pin passed through or nearly through the centre thereof to receive
on its inner end a plate or disc carrying the explosive material, cap, or
fulminate. The charge made up in the ordinary way is placed on the fulminate,
and the whole is surrounded by india-rubber or by an india-rubber tube fitting
tightly over the dise at the base of the cartridge. The needle or striker piercing.

page_text: the centre of the disc causes the pin to strike the fulminate and to ignite the
charge; or the needle strikes directly against the cap, as in ordinary cartridges;
the india-rubber ring then shrinks, and thus becoming smaller than the bore
of the arm falls out itself or is easily expelled therefrom. Sometimes I form
the tube and disc of one and the same piece of material. Where cartridges
with metal bases or "culots" are used 1 pass a ring or a piece forming a ring
made of one or other of the above-named materials over the cartridge proper
and explode it in the ordinary manner. Pin cartridges are made in a similar
way.
Cartridges constructed in the manner before described and dipped into a
solution or compound of colodion are perfectly imperméable to moisture; they
are made with greater facility than those at present in use, at the same time
at a less cost, and are lighter; they are not injured or liable to explode by a
fall, and can be packed together tightly without fear of any explosion taking
place; they do not corrode, neither do they in any way adhere to the
bore of the arm, as the shell itself becomes reduced after explosion to about
half its original size; and, lastly, it is impossible for gas to escape by the
" culot."
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUNGS FOR CASES, TUNS, OR OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léos Antoine Badin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1867.
I, LEOS ANTOINE BADIN, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUNGS FOR CASES,
TUNS, OR OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved construction of bungs when applied
to casks, barrels, tuns, or other vessels containing liquids, and when such
liquids are to be drawn or tapped off therefrom, my improved bungs being
more especially applicable for vessels containing beverages, such as beer, wine,
cider, or others liable of becoming sour or otherwise impaired by the contact
of atmospheric air not previously purified or deprived of its fermenting
principles by causing it to pass through a suitable purifying agent.
In the annexed Drawing, Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal sectional and Fig. 2
a top view of my improved bung. The same consists of the part marked A,
or what may be called the real bung, of wood, cork, or other suitable material,
and of a shape similar to that of ordinary bungs, and which is to fit exactly
in the bung hole of the cask. On the top of the bung A is situated a sort of
hollow box B of brass, or other suitable metal or material, through the
bottom 6 of which and through the bung A passes a tube M, the lower end of
which opens in the cask, whereas the opposite end extends upwards in the
box B, leaving only a small distance apart between this end and the top b¹ of
the box; another tube N extends down from this top to a small distance from

page_text: the bottom 6 of the box B. The box B is to be partly filled with spirits of
wine or other suitable liquid which is to serve as a purifier for the external
air to pass through before entering the cask; or the box B may be provided
in the inside with cotton or other suitable capillary materials impregnated with
spirits of wine or other suitable purifying agent. The outer air is admitted in
the cask in the direction as marked by the arrows in Fig. 1, and the same will
consequently before entering the cask be obliged to pass through the
purifying liquid or agent, and thereby become deprived of its fermenting
principles. This arrangement of bung is applicable as well to casks or other
similar vessels from which the liquid is to be drawn off by the ordinary tap,
as to such in which the drawing off is effectuated by means of a force pump
or beer engine.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Kerby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th December
1867.
I, CORNELIUS KERBY, of St. Dunstan's Hill, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
FILTERING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and arrangement of apparatus
for filtering wines and other liquids with greater facility than has been pre-
viously done. The apparatus in its simplest form consists of a receptacle
or chamber of a square or other convenient shape, and constructed of wood
lined with metal, or of any material or materials suitable to be employed for
the treatment of any particular kind of liquid. In the upper part of the
receptacle or chamber is placed a frame fitted with a network of galvanised iron
wire or of other suitable material on which the filtering substance is placed,
or the support for the same may consist of a perforated diaphragm or tray of
porcelain or glass, or other material calculated to resist any corrosive or
chemical action of the liquid submitted to the process of filtration. The
filtering medium which by preference is employed in conjunction with this
apparatus is one invented by me, and for which on the Sixth day of December
1867 I applied for Letters Patent, No. 3474; and which consists of a sheet of
linen, calico, or any other textile or felted material pussessing the requisite
degree of strength and porosity or permeability, the same being covered with
a layer of unsized paper pulp, with which may be combined charcoal or other

page_text: substances capable of acting chemically upon the liquid under treatment.
Although by preference the last-mentioned medium is employed in combi-
nation with the present Invention, other substances or materials adapted for
the process may be used; for instance the liquid may be caused to pass through
a layer or layers of charcoal or other substance or substances possessing
purifying qualities or capable of acting chemically on the liquid. A self-
acting float or ball-cock or valve is fitted at the upper part of the receptacle
or chamber above the filtering tray, by which the liquid is admitted, an
exit pipe and cock being fitted at the lower part of the receptacle or chamber
for the withdrawal of the filtered liquid. The apparatus as thus described in
its simplest form can be combined so as to form a series of filtering chambers
one above another, which may be separately removeable. In this case a main
supply pipe is placed at one end of the compound apparatus, which pipe com-
municates with each receptacle or chamber, the inlet of liquid into those
receptacles or chambers, which are already supplied therewith, being prevented
by the action of the self-acting cocks or valves. At the opposide side of the
apparatus is fixed a main exit pipe and cock, such pipe being capable of being
placed in communication with each receptacle or chamber by means of flexible
tubes which can be attached or removed at pleasure.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUMINATION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lacey Davies at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January.
1867. A communication from abroad by Victor Cerisier, of Boulevart
Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France...
I, JOHN LACEY DAVIES, of the Firm of John Davies and Son, of 4,
St. Ann's Square, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agents,
do-hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE OF ILLUMINATION," (communicated
to me from abroad by Victor Cerisier, of Boulevart Sebastopol, Paris, in the
Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed to produce a lamp for consuming or burning
volatile oils or spirituous li quids for the purpose of illumination which shall
not allow the said oils or liquids contained in the lamp to ignite or explode
in the event of accident occurring, such as the upsetting of the lamp. The
improvements consist in the use of an outer chamber or receptacle made
of metal, glass, or other convenient substance, which is filled with sponge or
absorbent material, and in the middle of which is placed a "well" of wire
gauze, and from this "well" two tubes (one inside the other) extend
upwards to the top or outside of the chamber, these tubes being secured
together so as to leave an annular space between them, and the inner tube is

page_text: supplied with a fibrous wick, which hangs from the bottom of the tube into
the "well" and slightly projects above the top of the tube, which is covered
when not in use by a tight fitting cap or cover. To prepare the lamp any
suitable volatile oil or spirituous liquid, such as petroleum, benzine, "turpen-
tine substitute" (made from shale) is poured into the receptacle until the
sponge is saturated, then the surplus is poured out again, and if a light be
applied to the top of the tubes the vapour arising from the "well" will
ignite and burn from the annular space between the tubes, the wick being
principally used to lead the vapour and spirit upwards. By this means a
good light is produced at an economical rate and without danger.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO BURNERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Christopher Thurgar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1867.
I, WALTER CHRISTOPHER THURGAR, of the City of Norwich, Surgeon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO BURNERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to peculiar means and construction of apparatus
consisting conjointly of clockwork, levers, and springs, by which the raising
and lowering of the flame in gas burners is accomplished.
The main object of the Invention is to keep the gas always burning, and so
that it will be increased or decreased at the proper times without manual aid
for a given time, say, seven days. A dial is fixed on the apparatus to regulato
the times of full and slight illumination, which are caused by a frictional lever
working on a wormed cylinder conjointly with a spiral spring contained in the
same, by which at a given time the gas is lowered to a nominal light, viz., a
small blue flame, while at the same time by acting upon levers a shield is
raised, which effectively protects the small light from wind or draught. The
wormed cylinder is held in a certain position during the hours of non or slight
illumination by means of a disc and catch, which at a given time leave hold
and allow the wormed cylinder to return to its place and perform a rotary
motion during the hours requiring full illumination; this is regulated by the
dial and a rack, slide, and pinion acting upon the end of the wormed cylinder,

page_text: the said dial allowing the time of full illumination to be from one to sixteen
hours, as occasion may require. A dial placed on the front gives the mean
time, and this is regulated by the clockwork of the apparatus. The other dial
placed inside the frame to regulate the time of illumination can be adjusted
by means of a double cam stop wheel working on the face of a sixty minute
catch wheel, and acting upon levers of a double clutch and segment to any
length of time as circumstances may require; the wheel is held fast in its
place by means of a ratchet, spring, and catch, the segment nets upon levers
which at the same time act upon each other and expose the gas. burner; and
the gas is turned on by a double clutch spring, barrel, and catches, which being
acted upon by the double cam wheel give the necessary rotating motion to the
segment for lifting the levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING, PRINTING, CUTTING, CREASING, BENDING, EMBOSSING, AND MANU- FACTURING ARTICLES FROM WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Tomlinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1867.
I, EDWARD TOMLINSON, of 85, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTING, PRINTING, CUTTING, CREASING, BENDING, EMBOSSING, AND MANU-
FACTURING ARTICLES FROM WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in printing and placing
designs on wood, card, paper, and other material, particularly on scale board
for match and other boxes, and for other similar articles which are cut,
creased, bent, and printed or stamped at one operation. This is effected by
placing cutters made of any suitable metal or material in combination with
any printing press or machine (either cylindrical or flat pressure) so that the
wood or other material is first cut through and then stamped or printed, and
with boxes also creased and bent, the whole being the result of one combined
action.
In some cases, however, I prefer to print the designs or labels before the
cutting out, and with boxes before creasing, bending, and cutting; and in
some cases I prefer to cut, crease, and bend only, without printing; in other
cases I prefer to print or stamp designs on paper or other sheets of material
and then mount the said sheets upon wood or other material previous to the

page_text: cutting, bending, or other process. These modes of stamping or printing and
cutting out at one operation are also very advantageous in preparing show
and advertisement boards, tablets, railway tickets, envelopes, spills, matches,
and many other articles requiring printing or decorating; and also for
decorating houses or other buildings.
IMPROVED MEANS OF FASTENING AND BETTER SECURING BULLION BOXES, BOXES, AND OTHER LIKE PACKAGES USED FOR CONTAINING AND CONVEYING OTHER VALUEABLE COMMODOTIES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ashford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1867.
I, FREDERICK ASHFORD, of 80, Russell Street, Bermondsey, in the County
of Surrey, Packing Case & Box Maker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF FASTENING AND BETTER SECURING
BULLION BOXES, BOXES, AND OTHER LIKE PACKAGES USED FOR CONTAINING AND
CONVEYING OTHER VALUEABLE COMMODOTIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in boxes, cases, and other packages relates
to the iron or other metal binding for the more effectual securing of such
packages. I am aware that other attempts have been made for effecting a
similar purpose, but without success, principally owing to the great increase in
the expense.
And whereas in this my Invention I am enabled to supply such improved
bound packages without any additional cost to the merchant. Boxes of this
description are usually secured by pieces of iron hoop passed round the outside
of such packages, to which they are nailed, but which are liable to be
tampered with or ripped off with rough usuage in packing cases with such
ordinary fastenings.
My improvement consists in cutting, punching, or otherwise perforating one
or more holes or slots in strips or pieces of metal for placing round, across, or
lengthways, or angular position of such packages in such manner that one end
of each piece being cut to the required size passes through the said holes or

page_text: slots made in the other end of such metal binding or strip; the end so passed
through is then partly reversed or lapped over, after which both extreemes are
finally secured by running a certain quantity of molten metal over such lapped
ends as to unite and solidify the whole, and thereby encircling or surrounding
such box, case, or package with an endless binding, in addition to which
I prefer placing the Government stamp impression on each binding so
secured.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUND METALLIC PLATES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Humby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1867.
I, JAMES HUMBY, of South Castle Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUND METALLIC PLATES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists,-
First. In coating or covering plates of iron with spelter or zinc instead of
with tin or other metals as commonly practised, whereby they are rendered
considerably cheaper than tin or terne plates.
Secondly. In coating or covering flat plates or shaped plates of spelter or
zinc with copper, whereby they are rendered cheaper than plates of solid
copper, or I coat or cover with copper plates of iron coated or covered with
spelter or zinc as above stated. I employ any suitable means for effecting the
coating or covering of the metals.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brookes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1867. A communication from abroad by Edwin Faull, of Maldon, in
the Colony of Victoria, Machinist.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR," (a communication) to
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain a more certain and continuous
supply of lubricating matter to those parts of machinery which are subject to
friction.
To attain this object the reservoir containing the oil or lubricating matter
is formed of glass or other transparent material, and at the base thereof it
is attached to a glass (or other transparent) pipe, in which is placed a supply
cock for the purpose of regulating the supply, and having a nut at one
extremity for the purpose of permanently adjusting it when properly fixed.
Below this regulating supply cock is placed another similar cock for the
purpose of cutting off the supply when needed, and thus dispensing with the
necessity of closing and re-adjusting the first-mentioned cock. The second
one might be dispensed with if required. By making the reservoir of glass or
other transparent material the workman can at all times see when it requires
replenishing, and the glass (or other transparent) pipe permits also of his
observing any interruption in the continuousness of the supply to the machinery.

page_text: The reservoir can be made of any suitable size, and the supply cock can be
adjusted to permit of any required quantity of lubricating matter passing
through it within a given period. It will be necessary that the coupling of
the glass and the metal pipe be elactic in order to permit of the increased
expansion of the glass beyond that of the metal to which it is connected, therefore
there is placed an india-rubber washer round the glass pipe, and the ends of
the metal and glass pipes are connected together by means of a metal coupling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWER SUSPENDERS AND BRACE FASTENINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: CEOBOE EDA7BD FAKES ITT:
гОMDOM
dalallez deur 'nsou out of a
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tew at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October
1867.
I, FREDERICK TEW, of Castle Street, Falcon Square, in the City of London,
Brace Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWER SUSPENDERS AND BRACE FASTENINGS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in combining a suspender for the drawers with an
ordinary brace buckle. This suspender consists of a strap of leather, webbing,
or other material provided with button holes or other means of attachment to
the drawers, which strap may be attached to the brace buckle in any con-
venient manner. I prefer in some cases to attach the strap at back of the
buckle by means of an eyelet or rivet between the two brace ends; or the
buckle may be formed with three loops, the two outermost for the brace ends,
and the centre one for the drawer suspender.
My Invention further consists in attaching the brace ends to the lower half
of a metal ring provided with a cross bar or centre piece, to which the drawer
suspender is attached by means of an eyelet, rivet, or other suitable fastening.
This ring is connected to a hook formed on the brace buckle, and by detaching
this ring from the hook of the buckle the braces are disconnected without the
necessity of unbuttoning the brace ends and suspender. This drawer suspender

page_text: may also be applied to buckles now in use by eyeletting or rivetting it to the
leather case of such buckles.
The suspender may be provided with button holes or with a book to attach
to such button holes and to the loop now in use on the drawers, thus avoiding
the necessity of attaching buttons thereto.
AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVED HOLDER IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1867.-A communication from Monsieur Charles Cotte,
residing at Digne, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENE, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS, PART
OF WHICH IMPROVED HOLDER IS APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved ticket holder,
part or parts of which are applicable to holding or retaining brooches, pins,
and other like articles of jewellery to prevent their being lost. This improved
holder consists of a metal pin having a point at one end, the other end or top
part being turned into a ring, and then bent down so as to form a hook in
front of the top part of the pin; this hook acts as a spring and serves to hold
the ticket and fix it on the pin. A piece of elastic cord or twist is passed
through the ring on the top part of the pin, and also through a small ring at
the end of a small stem or rod, which rod serves as a draw piece for stretching
the elastic when required; the ends of this elastic cord are then tied together
so that the said cord forms a loop. To fasten a ticket to the coat or other
article of clothing by my improved holder I pass the pin (which must be
longer and the elastic loop shorter than either the length or breadth of the
ticket) through a small portion of the coat or other article of clothing; l

page_text: then insert one edge of the ticket under the hook of the pin and bring down
by means of the draw piece the loop of elastic in front of the ticket and pass
it over the point of the pin, and on releasing the draw piece the loop contracts
and firmly holds the ticket against the pin and coat or other portion of clothing.
If desired the pin can first be passed through the ticket and then through
the coat or other portion of clothing, when the elastic loop fastens it as before
described. Some parts of the improved holder are applicable in the manu-
facture of jewellery, such as brooches and pins, especially the elastic loop by
which greater security is obtained against the loss of the jewellery. For this
purpose I make a hole behind the head of the pin or brooch, and I pass
through this hole a small loop of elastic cord not so long as the pin or brooch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS WHICH ARE ALSO EMPLOYED TO SUSTAIN THE WINDOW SASHES IN ANY DESIRED POSITION WHEN THE WINDOW IS OPENED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Kenworthy Dutton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1867.-A communication from abroad by James Chase
Butterworth, junior, of Providence, Rhode Island, United States of
America.
I, EDWARD KENWORTHY DUTTON, of the Patent Office, 3, Smithy Door,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH
FASTENERS WHICH ARE ALSO EMPLOYED TO SUSTAIN THE WINDOW SASHES IN ANY
DESIRED POSITION WHEN THE WINDOW IS OPENED," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed principally for application to the frames or
sashes of windows in lieu of the ordinary cords and weights used to suspend
the same, and to the windows of railway carriages when such are made to be
opened; and in the case of windows which require to be fastened, such
fastening is effected by means of this Invention in manner as follows, namely,
the improved window sash fastener and sustainer consists of a lever working
in a "frame" or "fixing" of a suitable form and material, the fulcrum of the
lever being nearer to one end than the other, the shorter end of the lever
being suitably formed to have affixed thereto a pad of caoutchouc or other
suitable elastic or partially elastic material, and the longer end of the said
lever being suitably shaped to be operated upon by the hand. The frame and
lever are affixed to the side of the "sash frame," or let into the same in such
a manner that the pad of caoutchouc is pressed against the fixed window

page_text: frame in which the sash slides, a spring operating upon the lever to give the
said pressure. When the window is closed a projecting portion of the lever
enters a slot in a metal plate affixed to the window frame and effects the
desired fastening. When it is desired to open the sash the projection is with-
drawn from the slot by pressing upon. the longer end of the lever. When the
sash is raised to any desired extent it is sustained by the pressing of the pad
on the lever against the window frame. It is preferred that the pad shall be
of an eccentric or cam shape, so that the sash may be raised without requiring
the said cam to be released from contact with the window frame. In the case
of windows which are not required to be fastened the projecting bolt on the
lever, and the slotted metal plate above described are dispensed with.
AN IMPROVED BOLT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stafford and William
Porter McCallum at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 17th January 1867.
We, WILLIAM STAFFORD and WILLIAM PORTER MCCALLUM, both of Black-
burn, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BOLT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of bolts in such manner
that the nut when "screwed up" cannot move on the thread or become loose.
In constructing bolts according to this our Invention the end of the shank
is "split," after which it is chased, or a thread formed thereon in the ordinary
manner. On the nut being screwed up a wedge of iron or other material is
driven into the slit in the end of the shank projecting through or from the
nut, thus wedging and expanding the end of such shank, and effectually
preventing any movement of the nut. When it is necessary to remove a nut
a side blow on the wedge will displace it, and the nut is then removed by a
key in the ordinary manner.
Bolts constructed as above described are especially applicable to and
designed for securing the "fish joints" attached to the rails of permanent
ways, and are equally applicable where from the vibration or other causes the
nuts of bolts are liable to become loose or slack. Existing bolts may by
cutting a saw gauge in the threaded end be prepared for a wedge as above
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer William Hughes and
Thomas Howard Head at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th June 1867.
We, EBENEZER WILLIAM HUGHES, of 5, Queen Square, Westminster, and
THOMAS HOWARD HEAD, of 9, Dowgate Hill, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY
ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be as follows:-
Much difficulty having existed in the production of a complete rotary
engine in which action and reaction are equal and there is no loss while the
piston is passing the valves; also in turbines, from the rush of water only being
made available; and in pumps and exhausters, because the column of water is
not kept always in motion but is constantly checked and started again. The
object of this Invention is to overcome these difficulties and produce a complete
rotary engine which maintains the action and reaction always the same, and-all
the pressure that is employed therefore effective, the pressure of the power
always acting continuously according to the area of the piston and the
employed. We accomplish this by means of an annular cylinder in which
rotates one or more pistons, and concentric with which also rotates a centre
piece. At any one part of the internal periphery of the cylinder a piece is
either cast on or fitted in, touching the internal centre piece and forming a
joint therewith. The pistous on the turning of the machine (whether by
power for pumps or by steam for the converse action) retire into the centre
piece on coming to the cam on the internal periphery, in which are also the
pressure

page_text: eduction and induction ports, and are on passing such cam forced out again
either by spring or by the water, steam, or other pressure as may be deemed
best. This apparatus can be driven by gas, steam, water, or other fluid, or if
driven by steam engine or other external source of power becomes an exhauster
or pump. This engine may be reversed by transposing the eduction and induc-
tion ports, and the annular cylinder can be driven and the centre piece made
stationary.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BRATTICE CLOTH AND IN ITS MANUFACTURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Howard Kidd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1867.
I, JOHN HOWARD KIDD, of Bangor Iscoyd, in the County of Flint,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BRATTICE CLOTH AND IN ITS MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to manufacture an improved brattice cloth
without the use of tar, and to make such cloth airproof and non-inflammable
by the use of which in collieries accidents arising from the firing of the brattices
will be prevented.
My Invention consists in treating the fibre or yarn or thread before it is
manufactured or woven, or the cloth after it is woven, with a solution of sulphate
of ammonia, tungstate or silicate of soda, or potash, or borax, or either or
several of them. After being treated with one or more of the solutions above
named the cloth is next passed through solutions or pastes made of the
above mentioned solutions, or of soda and water combined with steatite of
China clay.
The process of manufacture according to my Invention consists in the use
of separate vats or vessels, the first containing one or more of the solutions
first named, and the second one or more of the solutions or pastes of steatite
or China clay. The cloth is passed over and under rollers and enters the first

page_text: vat where it is immersed and thoroughly saturated; it then passes through
the second vat, then to rollers which press it, and then to drying cylinders
heated by steam or other means if required. A small portion of dye, guming
matter, or dissolved buffalo hide may be added to the solution in the second
vat if necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bernard Doering at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 10th
May 1867. A communication from abroad by Friedrich August Vogelsang,
of Sprockhovel, in Westphalia, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Consulting
Engineer..
I, FREDERICK BERNARD DEERING, of Duke Street, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a stationary bollow disc, in, the centre of which I
fit a hollow revolving drum. The said drum is open at the ends and supported
by a shaft passing through its centre. To this drum a piston is attached
composed of segments and pieces made so as to accurately fit the inner annular
surface of the disc, and held together at the sides by two junk plates or cheeks
similar to an ordinary piston. The segments of the piston are kept up close
the inner surface of the annular disc, which is a segment of a true circle at
its outer periphery, by means of a spring or springs adjustable from the inside
of the hollow drum. The surfaces between the drum and disc are kept steam-.
tight by means of. stuffing boxes or otherwise. In the hollow disc are two.
ports not far apart from one another, and placed near the top by preference,
one to admit steam or any other motive agent, and the other to exhaust the
Between these two ports a shutter or slide is allowed to move up and
same.

page_text: down in slots in the sides of the disc, and resting with its lower surface on the
before-mentioned drum. The two ports are opened and closed by an ordinary
slide valve worked by an eccentric from the shaft above described,
other suitable means. The shutter is raised to enable the piston to pass by
means of a lever or cam on the shaft coming into contact with and moving a
projecting object connected to a lever attached to the shutter at the suitable
moment, and of such form as to enable the shutter to rise only at the moment
of the piston coming into near proximity, and allowing it to fall immediately
on the piston passing; the-raising of the shutters may be effected, however,
by other means, The shutters and piston being both steam-tight-steam. or
other motive agent entering between them from the inlet port will necessarily
move the piston, and consequently drum and shafts in rigid connection with it,
the shutter being raised on the moment of the piston reaching it. The slide
valve is so arranged as at this moment no steam is admitted into the hollow
disc, and not until the piston has passed the inlet port.
This engine may be reversed in the usual way, the exhaust port taking the
place of the inlet port;
For rotary pumps, which I wish to be understood as included in rotary
engines, I dispense with the slide valve if necessary, and employ simply conical
or flat valves, or any others suitable for the purpose,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR FILTERING SYRUP IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert, Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1867. A communication from abroad by Joseph Edward Freund and
Helem Merrill, both of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, WILLIAM' ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR FILTERING SYRUP IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SUGAR," a communication, to be as follows:-
Besides the bone black filters ordinarily used in the manufacture and refining
of sugar for the purpose of decolorizing the syrup and separating the salts that
are as completely in solution as the sugar, it has been customary to pass the
syrup through flannel or felt to remove the sediment and impurities that are
mechanically suspended in the solution.
My Invention relates to these last-mentioned filters the action of which
may be considered as merely mechanical. They are commonly constructed of
bags or frames arranged in such a way that the clarified syrup is compelled to
pass through one or more thicknesses of the filtering material before it is led
to the bone black. A large amount of labor is involved in cleansing these
filters the bags requiring to be taken down from the nozzles to which they are
secured in the filter box and to be separated, turned inside out and washed,
or when frames are used to be unstretched from the frames. The material
rapidly deteriorates under this manipulation and is soon worn into holes which

page_text: render it unfit for use, and its decay is further hastened by the fermentation of
the impure organic matter which it separates from the solution.
The object of the said Invention is to employ a material for a filtering medium
that is not affected by acids or alkalies, and which is practically indestructible,
and to arrange it in such a way that it may be cleansed and the deposit
removed without taking the filter to pieces. To effect this object my Invention
consists in the application of asbestos to sugar making as a filtering material,
and in submitting the asbestos in the filter to the action of a current of steam
or water flowing in an opposite direction to that taken by the syrup when
being filtered so that the deposit may be washed from the surface upon which
it was placed, and removed from the pores of the filtering material in the
same relative direction in which it was deposited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Spencer and
Frederick Ware at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th September 1867.
We, CHARLES JAMES SPENCER, of 4, Queen Street Place, in the City of
London, Engineer, and FREDERICK WARE, of 11, Maud Terrace, Stratford,
in the County of Essex, Boiler Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in disposing the plates of steam boilers in such
a manner as to secure great strength and active circulation, and a much
larger amount of heating surface than is usually obtained within a certain
space, while at the same time the products of combustion have a free passage
to the chimney, causing a strong draught, all the joints and plates being
easily accessible for repairs. To effect these objects, the boiler is constructed
of a cylindrical form, and is similar in appearance to the ordinary vertical
boiler, having like it an inside cylindrical fire-box, at the bottoni part of which
are placed the fire-bars. Within this fire-box is another cylinder closed at.
both ends, and suspended at a proper distance above the bars by horizontal
flanged tubes of different sizes rivetted to it and the fire-box casing, thus
forming passages in which the water circulates between the inner cylinder and
the space enclosed by the fire-box and the outer shell. Connecting the top plate
of the inner cylinder and that of the fire-box are smaller tubes, also for the
passage of water and steam, and one or more large tubes are inserted between
the top plate of the fire-box and the top of the shell for the passage of flame and

page_text: smoke. From the fire-box top are also suspended tubes with their lower
ends closed dipping into the annular space between the fire-box and inner
cylinder; the flame plays on the outside of all the tubes while the water is
contained within them. The form of the boiler obviates the necessity of
staying except where the diameters are very large, and the tubes being all
placed transversely to the direction of the flame their heating surface is of the
most efficient kind. The boiler is set without brickwork, and is chiefly
adapted for marine and stationary purposes where a large and quick supply of
steam is required within the smallest possible limits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPECTACLE FRAMES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Blackham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1867.
I, HENRY BLACKHAM, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Spectacle Frame Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPECTACLE FRAMES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of D-eye
or other side folding spectacle frames where a top eye is used in addition to
the ordinary bottom eye.
According to the general mode of making these kinds of frames the spring
is jointed to the bottom eye, so that the top eye not being attached to the
spring is free to fall over the said bottom eye.
Now according to my Invention I attach the top eye to the bottom eye by
means of a double joint, and secure the spring to the top eye in any con-
venient manner, the object being to attach the spring to the top eye in a
permanent manner instead of jointing it to the bottom eye as heretofore.
By my improvements a much neater and lighter article is produced, and
the frame can be more easily glazed than if made in the old manner.