matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND FORMING BOXES OR CASES FOR CONTAINING AND ENCLOSING DIFFERENT ARTICLES, MORE ESPECIALLY DURING THEIR TRANSMISSION BY POST OR OTHER CONVEYANCE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Wilson and John
Harris at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Peti-
tion, on the 22nd May 1860.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM WILSON, of Buckingham Street, Strand, London,
Civil Engineer, and I, JOHN HARRIS, Gresham Street, City of London,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND FORMING BOXES OR CASES FOR CONTAINING AND
ENCLOSING DIFFERENT ARTICLES, MORE ESPECIALLY DURING THEIR TRANSMISSION BY
POST OR OTHER CONVEYANCE," to be as follows:-
The material we propose to make these boxes of may either be of wood,
millboard, cardboard, leather, or any artificial compound, or of metal plates,
or any combinations of these, the object to be obtained being that they
will when not in use fold up and occupy little space. In outline or figure
they may be of almost any regular form, but we prefer them either square,
oblong, hexagonal, or horizontal. Each box is composed of three distinct
pieces; one of these pieces forms the sides or periphery of the case, the other
two constitute each an end of it. In the first-mentioned of these pieces,
namely, the one forming the sides or periphery of the box, and near to and
parallel with the edges, we form on each side a longitudinal slot or groove,
and transversely we form similar grooves, as many as there are sides of the
figure. The end pieces are placed within the longitudinal grooves, and held
by them, while the transverse grooves enable the sides to mitre into each other
when the box is closed or folded. To strengthen the end pieces, hinges of

page_text: canvas or other similar material may be affixed to them and the other piece.
A cover of paper, linen, leather, or other material is affixed upon the outer
face of the piece forming the periphery, and an extension of this cover
forms a lappet, which, being made adhesive, doubles over when folded, and
holds the various faces together. They may be further secured by straps, if
necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN A MACHINE CALLED A DUMB JOCKEY USED FOR THE BREAKING AND TRAINING OF HORSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Allen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1860.
I, FREDERICK ALLEN, of 70, Seymour Place, Bryanstone Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN A MACHINE CALLED A DUMB JOCKEY USED FOR THE BREAKING
AND TRAINING OF HORSES," to be as follows:-
An upright bar of wrought iron supported upon an arch into which it screws
or rivets, the lower sides of the arch on each side resting upon hinges which
join it to two clams which by the help of the hinges will fit a horse of any size.
Upon the upright bar is a cross bar thro' which the upright fits; the cross
bar being capable by a screw and countersunk holes of being elevated or lowered
to any given height from the level of the saddle to the height of the shoulder
of a man of ordinary size. Upon the cross bar are two springs having the
action of a man's hand upon the horse's mouth, which can be brought close
together or separated from each other to a distance equal to that which a man
could gain in separating his hands; the new principle being that the springs at
the option of the breaker can be closed or separated, and also that the cross
bar can be raised or lowered to any given point corresponding to that at
which a man can place his hands. This dumb jockey can be constructed of
either wood and iron combined, or entirely of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATION AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND THE UTILIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS ARISING THEREFROM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Standly at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1860.
I, HENRY JOHN STANDLY, of 9, Pall Mall East, in the City of Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATION
AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND THE UTILIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS ARISING THEREFROM,"
to be as follows:--
My Invention relates to the treatment of the nitrates and other compounds
of soda, potassa, and other alkaline salts, and also of the residuum which results
from the extraction of the oxygen gas therefrom; and this I effect by com-
bining (mechanically or otherwise) with the salt employed (in the retort) a
metallic base, as iron, zinc, or other metal, and also in passing the oxygen gas
evolved from the salt through a lixivium or solution of the residuum remain-
ing after the salt has been deprived of so much of its oxygen as will be disen-
gaged by a moderate heat (which residuum I obtain from a previous charge),
by which it is freed from other gases which have passed over with it from the
retort, and which latter, combining with the solution, forms a precipitate (the
nature of which is dependant upon the character of the metallic base employed
in the retort), which, after having separated it from the liquid part of the
solution, I convert by washing and filtration into a useful pigment.
further cause the liquid part of the solution which contains alkaline matter to
be evaporated, from which I obtain a caustic alkali. This operation may be
repeated for the continuous production of the products before named. I fur-
And I

page_text: ther effect the complete purification of the oxygen gas when the production of
the two products before named is not required, by simply dissolving the pro-
duct of the evaporated solution last named in water, through which I pass the
oxygen gas evolved from the salt, so that any nitrous or other gaseous product
passing over with the oxygen gas may be arrested in its passage to the receiver;
and the residuum left in the retort I treat as before stated, obtaining the
before-named useful products in addition to the oxygen gas, which I thus
produce economically and abundantly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING AND OTHER ORDNANCE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Valentine Baker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st May
1860.
I, VALENTINE BAKER, Lieutenant-Colonel of Her Majesty's 10th Regiment
of Hussars, of Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING AND OTHER
ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction of breech-loading ordnance,
partly applicable to muzzle-loading guns, and consists in making the barrel
from a sheet of metal of a slightly tapered thickness, and of a width equal or
nearly so to the length of the gun; which sheet having been heated in a
furnace, is rolled or coiled over a steel or cast-iron tube, which forms the inner
surface or bore of the gun. If found desirable, the coils of the sheet metal
may be forged or hammered together during or after the rolling or coiling
process. By making the sheet of a gradually increasing thickness from one
side to the other, the desired conical or tapered form of gun is produced, the
strongest part being at the breech.
This process or mode of manufacture may be applied to the construction of.
muzzle-loading guns, a false breech piece being fitted or forged thereon. In.
breech-loading guns it is proposed to open & close the breech by means of a
wedge-shaped block sliding transversely across the bore of the gun; such
block being tightened in its place by means of a short screw turning freely in
the side of the gun, and entering a female screw formed in the narrow end of

page_text: the block, by which means the block or breech piece will be drawn tightly
into or started out of its seat when closing or opening the breech. In lieu of
the ordinary vent, it is proposed to insert the fuse into a chamber in the face
of the breech piece, and to explode this fuse by means of a pin contained also
within the breech piece, and acted upon by the end of the screw when tight-
ening up the breech at the moment of firing. The act of forcing the pin
against the fuse effectually closes all means of escape for the explosive gases.
If found desirable an air vent may be made through the screw to allow any
confined air contained between the end of the screw and the pin to escape
freely; but on the screw coming in contact with the pin, this vent is closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Vernon Physick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th March 1860.
I, HENRY VERNON PHYSICK, of 38, North Bank, Regent's Park, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
Whereas it is found that in sending ordinary insulators to distant places a
great number are broken during the transit, and whereas when such insulators
are fastened into iron protections it is very difficult to clean the insulators.
My Invention consists in the arrangement shewn in section in Sketch 1,
where the iron protection A, carrying the line wire B rests on the insulator C,
which it fits, but is not attached thereto by cement of any kind; the objects
attained thereby are first, protection of the insulator C from breakage during
transit, as it is sent in its cover.
2nd, the facility for cleaning, as the cover with the line wire attached to it
can be readily raised from the insulator, and the insulator cleaned.
3rd, the entire insulator is kept dry, and yet the points of contact between
it and the insulator are few and minute.
4th, where the line wire has a tendency to lift the cover from the insu-

page_text: lator, it can be kept down by the screw E pressing against the curve of the
insulator.
5th, a provision can be made against fog entering between the cover and
the insulator, by making the mouths of the cover and the insulator of the
form shewn in Sketch No. 2.

page_text: LONDON: Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. 1860.
AN IMPROVED ARTICLE OF FURNITURE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Tyrrell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1860.
I, HARRY TYRRELL, of High Street, Lymington, in the County of South-
ampton, Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ARTICLE OF FURNITURE," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in so constructing an article of furniture as to
comprise several at present distinct articles of furniture in one, so as to
present outwardly the appearance of a chiffonnier, a sideboard, or a press
bedstead, that is to say, I propose to adapt to the interior of the chiffonnier or
sideboard, a bedstead, a dressing table, a washstand, a supply cistern to contain
water, a looking-glass, and a night commode, any or all of which can be
readily brought into position for use, and as readily be concealed from view.
An article of furniture thus constructed is well adapted for ships, dwelling
houses, and camps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING WARP THREADS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1860.-A communication from abroad by Jean Victor
Alfred Ruzé, of Gaillon, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING WARP THREADS," (commu-
nicated to me from abroad by Jean Victor Alfred Ruzé, of Gaillon, France),
to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to furnish the main beam of a loom with
a greater breadth of dressed warp than heretofore, and to improve the dressing
process by means of additional heating and drying apparatuses.
In order to accomplish the first of these objects the Inventor forms the
main beam in two similar parts, both of which fit upon and are carried by a
square iron shaft, or any other form of shaft on which they may be relatively
fixed so as not to move independently. Upon these two parts of the main
beam the warp is wound in two divisions, but with precisely the same tension
on each, and each distributed by a reed in precisely the same manner, so that
the whole may practically be treated when in the loom as a single uniform
warp. The uniform tension and distribution of the warp on the two half
beams is secured by mounting each half beam in the dressing machine in
precisely the same manner, but on opposite sides of a set of geared or friction
wheels, so that both the tension and the length of warp on each must, of

page_text: necessity, be the same. Each half of the warp is dressed and dried by
similar arrangements of apparatus at either half of the dressing machine, and
passes through similar reeds on its approach to the half beam.
In drying warps of wool the Inventor applies supplementary drying tubes
of copper filled with steam and placed between the warp threads, some of
which are carried over and some under the said tubes but not in contact
with them. He also applies a second fan or ventilator below the said tubes.
AN IMPROVED. APPARATUS FOR PRINTING IN COLORS TEXTILE FABRICS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Victor Morel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 2nd August
1860.
I, AUGUSTE VICTOR MOREL, of Paris, in the French Empire, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED. APPARATUS
FOR PRINTING IN COLORS TEXTILE FABRICS AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
This apparatus consists of a central drum within hollow cylinders and
furnished with arms or projections on its surface. On the rotation of the
drum the projections come in contact with and force out rods connected with
or carrying the printing blocks or surfaces. The blocks are forced against
rollers carrying the colors, which are arranged round and at a small distance
from the outer cylinder. The drum carries round the printing surfaces, which
after receiving their supply of color, print the material, which is supported
upon a table or printing cylinder over which the material is drawn. After
being printed the material passes over a series of hollow rollers heated by
steam or otherwise for the purpose of drying, on to a receiving roll.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RETARDING CARRIAGES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
August 1860. A communication from abroad by Jules Piault, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RETARDING
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-.
This Invention of improved apparatus for retarding carriages has for its
object a novel arrangement of mechanism for working the breaks of
omnibuses, coaches, and other kinds of carriages intended to be propelled or
drawn on common roads or railways by horses, mules, or other animals of
draught. The breaks are brought into action automatically, and are made to
bear on the wheels of the carriage by simply arresting the progress of the
horses, and generally without it being necessary for the coachman to perform
any operations beyond those which are usually adopted when pulling up the
horses. In order, however, to prevent accidents in the event of the horses
running away or refusing to obey the driver, it is proposed to adapt to the
apparatus a winch handle or other suitable and convenient contrivance,
whereby the coachman may be enabled to bring the breaks into action when
required by simply giving the handle à few turns. The splinter bar or whipple
trees to which the traces are attached are connected with levers, which are

page_text: made to act by means of connecting rods or other analogous mechanical
appliances on the break levers, so that by checking the progress of the horses,
as when going down hill, the draught will be taken off the levers, and the
breaks will, by means of strong springs, be, forced against the wheels, and
the progress of the carriage will be thereby retarded.. Immediately, however,
the animals begin again to pull against the levers (as when going up hill, or
on level ground) the breaks will be drawn away from the wheels. By means
of the winch handle before mentioned the driver will, however, have command
over the breaks, so that he may be enabled, if required, to skid the wheels,
independent of any action of the horses. Provision may also be made for
preventing the breaks from acting against the wheels when the carriage is
being backed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION OF COLOURING MATTER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1860.
I, RICHARD SMITH, of No. 114, West Street, in the City of Glasgow,
in Scotland, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND PRODUCTION OF
COLOURING MATTER," to be as follows:-
I make a saturated solution of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, or cumidine, or
any or either of them, in water, by shaking them therein and then filtering.
To this solution, more or less diluted, I add a saturated solution of chlorine
in water, in various proportions according to the colour required, videlicet,
from one to three equivalents of chlorine to one equvalent of the base or
bases (the saturated solution of chlorine may be further diluted with water
before using it). The greater the proportion of chlorine used, the more the
colour inclines to red. These mixed solutions I allow to stand for twelve.
hours, at the end of which time a partial precipitate of colouring matter has
taken place which I complete by adding an alkali in solution; the precipitate
thus formed is thrown on a filter, washed with cold water, and carefully dried
at 100° centigrade, or it may be digested with methylated spirits of wine for
twenty-four hours, and then evaporated to dryness, which last method I prefer,
and if done in a retort the spirit may be recovered; the precipitate in either
case must then be digested or boiled in mineral naphtha until this has taken
up everything soluble therein. This soluble portion consists of a reddish

page_text: colouring matter, together with tarry or other impure matters, and that
which is left undissolved is the colouring matter desired, which when solid is
of a bronze colour, and something similar to that obtained from aniline by
means of chromates; but it most commonly assumes a redder colour. It is
then dried at 100° centrigade, to evaporate all the naphtha, and afterwards
digested in methylated spirits of wine to obtain a saturated solution thereof,
when it is fit for the dyer's or printer's use.
To dye with this colouring matter, I add a sufficient quantity of a solution
of it (preferring an alcoholic solution) to hot or boiling water, with or without
the addition of tartaric or oxalic acids, and immerse or boil the silk, wool,
or albuminized or otherwise prepared cotton or other fabric therein. For
printing, a solution of the required strength is thickened with albumen, gum,
or starch in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL LAMPS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Fley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October 1860.
I, HENRY FLEY, of Cross Street, Wilderness Row, in the County of Middle-
sex, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application to signal lamps of reflecting
truncated cones both inside and outside the coloured glasses of the lamp,
whereby great power of light is produced, even with a small hand lamp.
These lamps, as well known, have coloured and colourless glasses arranged in
a cylindrical frame, which is turned round so as to exhibit the light placed in
the centre through the colours, as may be desired; on the inside of this frame
I dispose a reflecting cone between the exhibited colour, and the light or flame,
while on the outside I also apply a reflecting cone, forming in a manner a con-
tinuation of the inner reflecting cone, and in order that they may be disposed
in close proximity, I form the ends of the cones as near the form of the
cylinder glasses as possible, to which they approach as close as consistent with
the movement of those glasses; I also dispose a reflector behind the light, as
usual, the outer cone is enclosed by an outer plain glass in the frame of the
lamp or lantern.
AN IMPROVED PLOUGH, WITH MORTICE CHISEL AND PLOUGH IRON COMBINED
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Roughton Bromage Amott
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1860.
I, GEORGE ROUGHTON BROMAGE AMOTT, of Queen Street, Ross, in the
County of Hereford, Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PLOUGH, WITH MORTICE CHISEL AND PLOUGH
IRON COMBINED," to be as follows:-
Ploughs as heretofore constructed are provided with plough irons, and much
inconvenience is oftimes experienced from the difficulty in finding a mortice
chisel and plough iron corresponding in size and matching, and by their use
inferior workmanship is in consequence produced.
My improvements consist in so adapting the mortice chisel, that in addition
to its own purpose it also answers the purpose of the plough iron, by which
the latter and its attendant expense may be dispensed with, and the evils above
referred may be obviated.
My improved combined plough irons and chisels are provided at one end
with a male screw, and the handles have a corresponding female screw in a
conical or taper pin, with collar thereto attached, as will be seen by the
annexed Drawing. I make all the screws (see Figure 1, the side view of the
plough iron or chisel,) of the same size, in order that one handle and collar
will serve for all the plough irons and chisels. I prefer to make the screw for
the size of the largest of the set of chisels, namely, five-eighths of an inch in
diameter, but I do not confine myself to the use of this sized screw. I make

page_text: the whole of the irons or chisels of the same thickness, in order that the
wedge may serve for each iron or chisel when in the plough. I also make a
groove in the back of the chisel, as in the present plough iron. The said iron
or chisel is provided with a small iron knob or plate, as shown in the front or
face view, Figure 4, for the purpose of enabling the iron to be fixed or
replaced in the handle without injury to the thread of the screw. By Figure 2
is represented the collar with the conical or taper pin A, with internal thread
at B. This pin with collar is fitted into the handle, Figure 3, so as to receive
the iron or chisel; Figure 5 shows the wooden handle with the collar, Figure
2, secured and fixed therein. In Figure 6 the plough is represented in proper
working order, with the plough iron or chisel in position at an improved angle,
which causes it to work with greater ease and steadiness, and it is kept
thereby from jumping up, and also from tearing the knots and harder wood,
as is constantly the case with the present ploughs from the angle at which the
plough iron is therein set.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLIDING SASH FRAMES OR WINDOWS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kennedy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th April
1860.
I, JAMES KENNEDY, of Church Street, Millbank Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SLIDING SASH FRAMES
OR WINDOWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the sliding sashes of windows in the
following manner, that is to say, instead of forming the sashes as commonly
practised, I propose to form each sash double, or in other words instead of
fixing the sash bars to the sliding sash frame, I fix such said bars in a
separate frame and hinge this frame to the sliding sash frame at one side
thereof, so as to open inwards, thus enabling the window to be cleaned from
the inside of the room, and by these means avoiding the risk of accident to
human life. Or the moveable hinged part of the sash frame may be formed
of two parts each hinged to the outer frame, similar to a French casement,
and both the upper and lower sashes may be thus fitted, or one or other of
them. Sashes thus constructed present the same appearance when closed, as
ordinary sashes, suitable fastenings being employed for keeping the hinged
parts of the sashes closed when desired. This Invention applies to metal
sashes, as well as sashes made of wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING APPARATUS TO BE USED WITH HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Moreland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1860.
I, RICHARD MORELAND, junior, of 5, Old Street, E. C., do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING APPARATUS TO BE
USED WITH HIGH-PRESSURE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in condensing apparatus to
be used with high-pressure steam engines. For these purposes an outlet
pipe as heretofore is used, connected at one end with the outlet passage of
the valve box of the engine, and at the other end it opens into the stack or
chimney. Near the engine a condensing vessel is applied which may be of any
desired form; at one end this condensing vessel is connected by a branch pipe
to the outlet pipe so that part of the eduction steam in passing away from the
engine may rush into the condensing vessel, and it is there condensed, the
other or uncondensed part of the steam passes away to the chimney; at the
other end of the condensing vessel it is connected by a pipe with a cistern or
otherwise so as to obtain condensing water which it is preferred should be
divided into as numerous jets as may be, which meeting the rush of steam into
the condensing vessel condenses it. The feed pump of the engine is connected
to the lower part of the condensing vessel, by which means the boiler of the
engine is constantly supplied with hot water, and when desired any excess of
hot water above what is required for the boiler may be pumped back into the

page_text: cistern, to be again used in supplying the condensing vessel, or it may be
pumped away for any other use; provision is made for regulating the supply
of water to the condensing vessel and also from the condensing vessel to the
boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Matthews at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on the 15th
November 1860.
I, JOHN MATTHEWS, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford,
Brewer for Messrs. Bass and Company, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements by means of which the
aroma and valuable properties of hops are preserved in beer more effectually
than has hitherto been the case. The wort copper is covered at the top with
a dome, having an opening at the upper part thereof connected with a re-
frigerator. The mash wort or first runnings from the malt is passed into the
covered copper, and when raised to the boiling point the hops are added, and
the copper made tight, the steam passing out at the top through the re-
frigerator, carrying with it the volatile aroma or principles of the hop. The
steam is thus collected as long as the volatile part of the hops comes over.
When the beer is sufficiently boiled, the boiled wort with the hops are run
into the hop back in the usual way, the hops, after draining, being returned to
another wort copper, into which the second wort from the mash tun is run and
boiled together. This wort being more attenuated than the first extracts all
the non-volatile principles of the hops. The two worts are run into the
fermenting square, and when cooled the condensed portion derived from the

page_text: first copper, as before described, is added at the same time as the yeast, the
volatile principles of the hops being thus brought in contact and thoroughly
combined with the alcohol generated, and giving all the fine aroma of the
hops to the beer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Roland d'Argy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd March
1860.
I, ROLAND D'ARGY, of Blois, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING
WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for raising
water. The improved apparatus consists of a cast-iron frame, which supports
the axis of three toothed wheels gearing with each other; the toothed wheels
are of different diameters, and are placed vertically one above another, the one
of least diameter being at the bottom of the frame, and the one of greatest
diameter being at the top. The axis of the wheel of least diameter is provided
with a crank handle, by which it can be rotated on this axis; there is also a
ratchet wheel into which a click or pawl enters, so that the wheel can only be
turned in one direction; the axis of the toothed wheel of greatest diameter
projects beyond the cast-iron frame; the further end thereof is supported by
another cast-iron frame; on this projecting axis there is a wheel over which
an endless chain passes, there being projections on the wheel which enter
corresponding recesses in the chain. The endless chain passes down to the
bottom of the well, from which water is to be drawn, and around a roller, the
axes of which are fixed in the sides of the well; to this chain buckets are
attached at intervals, which, as the chain is caused to travel round by turning

page_text: water in succession, and empty it
Each link of the endless chain is
the crank axis above mentioned, bring up
into a receptacle at the top of the well.
composed of an oblong plate, provided with flanges at its two sides; the
plates are made to taper from one end to the other, so that the small end of
one link may pass between the flanges at the broad end of another link.
Holes are made through the flanges near each of their ends, and when the
small end of one link is passed between the flanges at the broad end of another
link, a pin is passed through the holes in the flanges of both links, and by this
means the links are connected together; a slot is formed in the centre of each
link, into which projections on the upper wheel around which the chain passes
enter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by. Andrew Robertson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1860.
I, ANDREW ROBERTSON, of Neilston, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM-BOILER FURNACES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The said improvements in steam-boiler furnaces have for object the more
complete and perfect evolution of the heat obtainable from the fuel employed,
and the more efficient application of the heat to the boiler.
To these ends the fire-grate for the evolution of the heat is situated apart
from the boiler, and the fire-gases are admitted into the upper part of
a chamber, of spaces wherein the heat is to be applied to the boiler.
According to one modification, the chamber constitutes a kind of oven
surrounding the boiler up to within a few inches of the water line, and is
made of sufficient size, as compared with the outlet passage for the fire-gases,
to insure these being kept for a considerable time in contact with the boiler
surface, and to cause, as it were, an accumulation of heat in the chamber.
The outlet from the chamber for the fire-gases is situated at the lowest part of
the chamber, and at the point most distant from the furnace, so that the gases
which issue at it shall be what have become partly cooled from having com-
municated heat to the boiler. The boiler may be of various forms, and the
heating space or spaces may be wholly external, partly external, and partly
internal, or wholly internal, and within the outer shell of the boiler, provided

page_text: the final outlet is arranged to take away the coolest or most exhausted portions
of the gases, and is of so small an area as compared with the heating chamber
or spaces as to insure the gases being in contact with the boiler surface a
considerable time, as compared with what occurs with ordinary steam-boiler
furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE TO OBTAIN TEXTILE FIBRES AND MATERIALS FOR PAPERMAKING, AND CHARCOAL FOR GUNPOWDER, PYROTECHNIC, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Herring and David Lichten-
stadt, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th September 1860.
We, GEORGE HERRING, of 3, Albert Terrace, Hatcham Park, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman, and DAVID LICHTENSTADT, of Peckham, in the County
of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE TO OBTAIN TEXTILE FIBRES
AND MATERIALS FOR PAPERMAKING, AND CHARCOAL FOR GUNPOWDER, PYROTECHNIC,
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The substance I refer to is the wood and bark of the mulberry tree, or of
the mori family, and this substance I treat in the following manner, for the
above named purposes. The wood or branches are removed from the bark,
and the bark is then prepared in the following manner :-The bark is dried in
an oven or otherwise, and when dry passed through fluted rollers of varying
grooves, by which the same gets freed of the outside bark, & most of the
silicates, &c. inside the bark, after this the bark is boiled in a solution of
caustic soda, (if the bark be old and strong, steam and pressure facilitate the
process, we then wash this in warm water, in which a solution of resin soap
is suspended, & after the fibre is well cleansed it is washed in cold water and
when half dry is passed through a solution of bisulphate of soda by which

page_text: the same acquires a white color and is nearly bleached. This can be used as
half stuff for paper making, or when carded for spinning, & weaving, & other
purposes. The wood minus the bark, which has been treated as above described
is cut into convenient lengths and converted by dry distillation in close iron
cylinders into charcoal of the best description for the manufacture of gunpowder,
pyrotechnical & other purposes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF EXPLOSIONS OF STEAM BOILERS ARISING THROUGH DEFICIENCY OF WATER OR OVERPRESSURE OF STEAM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Henry Higginbotham and
Aaron Beech, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th December 1860.
We, EDWIN HENRY HIGGINBOTHAM, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester,
Silk Manufacturer, and AARON BEECH, of the same Place, Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF EXPLOSIONS OF STEAM BOILERS
ARISING THROUGH DEFICIENCY OF WATER OR OVERPRESSURE OF STEAM," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of extinguishing the fire in the
furnace by admitting water thereto when there is such a deficiency of water in
the boiler as would occasion an explosion. The improvement consists in the
novel application & use of a valve for the said purpose, which is suitably
enclosed in a chamber below the water line, and either inside or outside the
boiler; the valve is connected to a lever passing into the boiler in such a manner
that the valve cannot open until the long end of the lever rises, such lever
being furnished with an adjustable weight which regulates the valve to a slight
degree beyond the ordinary working pressure of the boiler. Inside the boiler
another lever is arranged turning upon a fulcrum, and upon one end a float
is attached which rises and falls with the level of the water. When "the water
line" falls beneath the proper level the float falls, and the opposite end of the
lever rises and lifts the lever connected to the valve, and thus opens the valve
and allows the water from the boiler to pass into a pipe which conducts it to
the fires in the furnace, and so prevents explosion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARTS, WAGONS, AND DRAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by George Parsons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1860.
I, GEORGE PARSONS, of Martock, in the County of Somerset, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARTS, WAGONS, AND DRAYS," to be as follows:-
In wagons, carts, and drays as usually constructed, the sides, summers,
and breech, or tail piece at the hind part of the wagon, cart, or dray are
tenoned together, whereby the structure is weakened. Now, the first part of
my Invention consists in forming the breech or tail piece of one or more bars
of flat iron or of angle iron, and in connecting the sides and summers thereto
by bolts, rivets, screws, or other like means.
The second part of my Invention consists in the employment of brackets of
iron in place of what are termed "porter irons." These brackets are fastened
to the sides by screws, rivets, or bolts, and iron porters rest upon and are
screwed, rivetted, or bolted to the brackets and support the sides in a simple,
strong, and efficient manner.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SEPARATION OF NICKEL AND COBALT FROM MAGNETIC PYRITES AND BISULPHURET OF IRON, OR ANY OTHER SULPHUR COMPOSITION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tellef Dahll at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1860.
I, TELLEF DAHLL, of Krageroe, in the Kingdom of Norway, Mineralogist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE SEPARATION OF NICKEL AND COBALT FROM MAGNETIC PYRITES AND
BISULPHURET OF IRON, OR ANY OTHER SULPHUR COMPOSITION," to be as follows:-
That thereby nickel & cobalt are extracted from their ores without liquifying
and without applying acids.
The metal ores containing nickel & cobalt are first reduced to fine powder
in a machine, and the powder or flour thus produced is placed 2, 3, or more
inches thick in a furnace, to be heated by wood or coals till it becomes almost
red hot. The metal flour is constantly stirred, & the air allowed without
interruption to pass through the opening on one side of the furnace. The
stated temperature will usually be obtained in about half an hour; then there
is added about ten per cent. of the clearest kind of salt to the weight of the
metal, and when this is done it is well mixed with the metal flour, and the
roasting is still continued undisturbed for about half or one hour. After
the salt has been added, the stream of sulphur (SO2) becomes very strong
and after 1 or 1 hours time, after the metal has been added, it begins of
itself to glow stronger, and to discharge chlorgas (chlorine) to a very con-
siderable extent. The fire is now extinguished in the furnace, & care is

page_text: taken by constant stirring of the metal flour that the temperature is held as
low as possible, as it is injurious if the same should be high. The metal
flour glows still for about 2 or 3 hours, & the stream of chlorine continues,
after the lapse of about four hours on the whole the process is finished, during
which the glow & stream of chlorine have stopped. The cooled metal flour is
then placed in suitable wooden tubs or any other material which is able to
stand against the influence of acid solution, and water is poured over it in
which it remains for about 24 hours. In this manner a solution is obtained
which contains nearly all the nickel & cobalt and the copper which exists in
the ore, but however only an inconsiderable quantity of iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING APPARATUS OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Barnard Sampson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1860.
I, EDWARD BARNARD SAMPSON, of Stroud, in the County of Gloucester, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING
APPARATUS OF CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in condensing apparatus of
carding engines. For these purposes the separate slivers are doffed from a
single doffing cylinder, and they are received on to an endless apron carried
by two rollers, and they are pressed on by a third roller as heretofore, but in
place of using the ordinary comb or combs two sets of blades or doffing edges
are fixed on a single bar or rail, such blades being fixed in two lines, one
above the other, and the separate blades are set alternately on the upper and
lower line across the machine, so that the succeeding slivers are doffed from
the doffing cylinder separate from each other, and alternately at a higher and
lower elevation. The slivers as they come on to the endless apron pass under
and are pressed on by a roller which rests on the roller, which carries the
apron nearest the end on which the slivers are first received, and this roller
receives motion from the roller and apron on which it rests.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS, AND IN INDICATING THE NUMBER OF PICKS MADE IN SUCH MACHINERY FOR A GIVEN LENGTH OF CLOTH
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abraham Tweedalo and John Tweedale, of Healey
Hall, near Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and
Samuel Taylor, of Rochdale, aforesaid, Clock Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS, AND IN INDICATING THE NUMBER
OF PICKS MADE IN SUCH MACHINERY FOR A GIVEN LENGTH OF CLOTH."
Sealed the 1st November 1860, and dated the 5th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Tweedale, John
Tweedale and Samuel Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th May 1860.
We, ABRAHAM TWEEDALE and JOHN TWEEDALE, of Healey Hall, near Rochdale,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and SAMUEL TAYLOR, of Rochdale,
aforesaid, Clock Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES FOR LOOMS AND IN INDICATING THE NUMBER
OF PICKS MADE IN BUCH MACHINERY FOR A GIVEN LENGTH OF CLOTH," to be
as follows:-
Our improved templo is on the self-acting principle, that portion of the
apparatus, which takes hold of the cloth, consists of a series of spikes arranged
in a circular form and mounted upon a revolving disc, the surface of which
next to the cloth is of a conical form. This apparatus is mounted at an anglo
to the cloth, and is carried by an arm extending from an axis, to which a lever
is attached, which lever upon the slay advancing towards it is struck, so as to

page_text: cause the series of spikes to turn outward bodily upon the axis; but when
the slay retreats from this lever, then the temple is at liberty to be drawn
inward by the tension of the cloth. The series of spikes we mount so that
the angle thereof may be varied, and excepting at that part where they are
intended to act upon the cloth they travel within a plate, which covers them.
The revolutions of the series of spikes necessarily represent the quantity
of cloth woven, and the aforesaid vibrations of the slay represent the
number of picks. To these parts we connect ordinary wheelwork and a
dial, so that the number of picks made to the inch may at any time be
ascertained.
We do not limit ourselves, however, to the precise arrangement mentioned,
for modifications may be employed in which the motion of the cloth, and
the apparatus, which represents the picks, are in like manner used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROASTING JACKS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Trygarn Jones and IIenry
Owen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th May 1860.
We, EDWARD TRYGARN JONES, of 8, Ashburnham Grove, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, and HENRY OWEN, of the Llantrisant Rectory, North Wales,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROASTING
JACKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in roasting jacks. For
these purposes "motion" is given to an axis by the gravitation of a weight
attached to a cord or chain, which is wound on a barrel on the axis, the
barrel being arranged to turn on the axis in one direction, but not in the
other. The axis, by an endless chain or cord, or by gearing, gives motion to
a spit or spits or apparatus by which the articles to be roasted are carried.
On the axis is also mounted a cylindrical or other formed vessel, divided into
compartments radially. Each partition which divides the vessel into compart-
ments is formed with a passage to admit of water or other fluid contained in
the vessel flowing from one compartment to another; and provision is made
for regulating the flow of fluid through such passages, or the requisite
regulation may be obtained by other arrangements. By these means the fall
of the weight, and consequently the speed of rotation of the axis, may be
regulated, or in place of using a weight a spring may be employed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING AND RAMMING, TO BE CHIEFLY APPLIED TO AND USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF PAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Butlin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th November
1860.
I, WILLIAM BUTLIN, of Northampton, in the County of Northampton,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING AND RAMMING, TO BE CHIEFLY
APPLIED TO AND USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF PAVING," to be as follows:-
The principal object of my Invention is to substitute for the stampers or
rammers which are generally used for driving in or ramming paving stones
by hand labor, a combination of machinery which shall effect the same
purpose more economically and efficiently, as well as in a more expeditious
This machinery is intended to form part of and to be driven by a
portable steam engine, and may consist of one or more stampers or rammers
actuated by cams or other mechanism, and by their own gravity, similarly to
other stamping machines. Or the stampers or rammers may be worked by
steam cylinders, upon the same principle as the well-known steam hammers.
One or more stampers or rammers may be placed on a slide, and have a
reciprocating motion communicated to them, so as gradually to operate upon
a row of paving stones from one end to the other. Where street railways are
in existence, or in the course of construction, I propose to run the portable
steam engine upon the rails, and the progressive motion of the portable engine
may be imparted either by hand or by power through a combination of
machinery.