matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1864.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 29, Basinghall Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of making iron-bowl sleepers with two half chairs on
the top placed about three inches apart. The rail is dropped in between these
half chairs, the sleeper is then turn round and the rail becomes fixed between
the half chairs. I use angle or guttar iron for the tie rods, which are made in
two parts and are bolted together in the middle of the road after they are
fixed to the sleepers by passing a bolt through the sleeper and screwing it into
the tie bar. Also in making a sleeper of suitable form about two feet long; on
this sleeper I fix curved steel springs, which are then fixed to the rails; these
springs are made to carry the rails, forming an elastic iron way; bow springs
are placed in pockets under the rails to help carry the load. A tie bar of
angle half tube or guttar iron is passed into the sleeper and held in its position
by a bolt passing through into the tie bar. Sometimes I make this sleeper of
small size to act as an elastic chair for fixing to cross sleepers. Also in making
an iron sleeper about two feet long; on this sleeper, at each end, on one side
I form two half chairs, on the other side, in the middle, I form one half chair;
the rail is then dropped into its place, a filling piece is driven between the one
half chair and the rail, and is held in its place by dropping a plug into a hole

page_text: partly formed in the chair and filling piece, or by corrugating the chair and
filling piece; a tie bar is passed through to hold the road to guage, as before
described. Also in making a bowl sleeper with suitable holes to receive bolts;
on this sleeper I place two half chairs, which may be made of wrought or cast
iron; the bolts are then passed through and are made to screw into the tie
bar, which is made either of angle, half-tube, or guttar iron. Also in making
a compound rail the base of this rail is made sometimes in two parts, and
sometimes I make the base rail in the form of a deep guttar or bridge rail;
between this base rail I place a suitably-formed top rail, which can be made
of the best iron or steel; this top rail is then fixed to the base rail, and is thus
held in position; this rail is placed in ordinary chairs or placed on a sleeper
between springs, as before described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robertson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM ROBERTSON, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist, firstly, in an improved combination of parts for
communicating motion to the radial arm for the purpose of winding on. A
rack is cast with or fastened on the frame the length of the stretch. A stud
is fastened in the carriage end or any convenient place connected there-
with, on which is mounted a pinion gearing with the rack. To this pinion is
fastened another of smaller diameter, which is geared with a travelling rack
communicating with the radial arm. The amount of travel of this rack, and
the oscillation of the radial arm, are regulated by the difference in the diameter
of the above pinions. The motion is made differential when requisite by using
volute or other suitably shaped racks and pinions adapted to produce it.
Secondly, in an improved combination of parts for effecting the backing-off
motion. The cone placed between the spinning and self-acting pullies which
is used for the purpose of backing off has an external or internal wheel cast
with or fastened on it. A similar wheel is fitted stationary outside the self-
acting pulley, but having one or two teeth fewer in its periphery. A cannon
is fastened on the arms or plate of the self-acting pulley, in which is placed
a shaft having a pinion fastened on each end, and gearing with the stationary

page_text: wheel and cone wheel respectively. The stationary wheel is largest, and its
pinion smallest; the cone wheel is smallest, and its pinion largest ; and
according to the differences between these wheels and pinions will be the
velocity of the reverse motion imparted to the backing-off cone.
Thirdly in an improved combination of parts for working and locking the
fallers, and disengaging the escapement plate of the cam shaft when the
faller is locked. I use the rack and pinion sometimes employed for drawing
or pushing down the fallers, although the catch and plate commonly used is
equally suitable for my purpose. The rack has an inclined plane cast there-
with, one edge of which rests upon a roller carried by a stud on the builder,
whilst the other edge bears against a roller sustained by the rod, rack, or
lever usually employed, by which when the backing off is being performed,
the inclined plane forces down the faller, and locks it by passing its heel (left
level for that purpose) under it. As the set of cops is gradually filled, a weight
keeps the inclined plane in contact with the faller rod roller, and thus shortens
the amount of backing off. As the heel of the inclined plane is always
brought home at the completion of the backing-off, I employ an adjustable
stud connected therewith for releasing the catch of the escapement plate of the
cam shaft.
AN IMPROVED HINGE FOR THE HEADS. OF BAROUCHES, LANDAUS, AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander McKenzie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1864.
I, ALEXANDER MCKENZIE, of No. 25, Grosvenor Mews, New Bond
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Coach Body Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HINGE FOR THE HEADS.
OF BAROUCHES, LANDAUS, AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to enable the joint of the hinge to be brought
as far forwards as possible, so that when the head is folded back the front part of
the "pillar top" in a landau (or of the front frame of the head of a barouche
or other carriage) shall not project above the top of the hinge, and also to.
dispense with the necessity for bringing the top flap of the hinge in front of the
woodwork, in order to save both time and expense in the fitting of the same,
and to improve the appearance thereof.
In carrying out this Invention I construct the lower part of the hinge of such
a form as to throw the joint of the hinge as far forwards as possible, and I
form the upper flap of the hinge with a crank or elbow curved or bent back-
wards in such a manner as to bring the same to the back of the "pillar top" or
woodwork, and I fasten the upper flap of the hinge to the latter by screwing it
on from behind. By these means the joint is made almost invisible, the front
woodwork of the head does not project above the hinge when the head is.

page_text: folded back, and the flap of the hinge, instead of being screwed in front of the
wood work, where it is unsightly and requires very careful fitting in order to
allow the window or blind to slide up and down freely, is hid away entirely
out of sight behind the woodwork, where it does not require such careful
fitting.
Iм- PROVED APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING GRANULAR MATTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Rowat at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1864.
I, ROBERT ROWAT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Wire Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "Iм-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING GRANULAR MATTERS," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus designed more particularly for
separating small "paple" or similar seeds from wheat or other grain, but is
also applicable for separating various kinds of granular matters, when a very
delicate action is required.
The apparatus comprises, according to one modification, an endless web of
wire cloth, which at one part passes horizontally or nearly so across from one
roller to another. The granular matters to be dealt with are fed upon the
web where it is in contact with the upper part of the first roller, and as the
web slowly and gradually leaves the roller the small seeds fall through whilst
the good grain or a large portion of it passes on over the second roller and is
delivered from the further side thereof. In general, a portion of the good
grain falls through the web, and it is in consequence desirable to repeat the
process upon it, for which purpose the web is made to return horizontally
across over two rollers a little lower down, and the matters which have fallen
through the first stretch of the web are conducted down an inclined plane to
the top of the roller at the commencement of the second stretch. The good

page_text: grain separated by this second stretch passes off over the outer roller, the
other matters falling through to a third stretch, and then to a fourth, fifth, or
further stretch as may be found necessary. From the lowermost pair of
rollers the web returns to the top over suitable guide rollers at the side
clear of the other rollers; or two or more separate webs may be employed.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TAKING DEEP SEA SOUNDINGS WITHOUT THE USE OF A LINE, AND FOR BRINGING UP SPECIMENS OF THE SEA-BOTTOM. & SEA WATER FROM THE GREATEST DEPTH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Edward Dobbs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1864.
I, ARCHIBALD EDWARD DOBBS, of Balliol College, Oxford, B.A., and of
Lincoln's Inn, now residing at 20, Victoria Road, South Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TAKING DEEP SEA SOUNDINGS
WITHOUT THE USE OF A LINE, AND FOR BRINGING UP SPECIMENS OF THE SEA-BOTTOM.
& SEA WATER FROM THE GREATEST DEPTH," to be as follows:-
A hollow ball of metal, strong enough to resist the pressure of the water at
great depths, and large enough to float the whole apparatus, has a vertical rod
attached to it from beneath. Revolving on this rod, as its axis, is a screw,
either simple or like those used in propelling ships, and of one or more blades.
Attached to this rod are two detents, and attached to the screw are two
clockwork indicators (or vice versa) with teeth looking in contrary directions;
the teeth of one indicator will be caught by its detent when the screw is
revolving in one direction, and will be let to slip by it when the motion is
reversed; thus, one indicator will register the revolutions in descending, and
the other those in ascending, giving greater certainty in the result. Sus-
pended from the lower end of the rod is a tube, greased in the usual way in
its lower end to bring up specimens of the sea-bottom, or with a clip to catch
them; and in its upper part is a glass bottle or vessel of some other material,

page_text: with a stopper freely held a little above its mouth; the rim of the stopper is
curved inwards in such a way that a current of water may be, during the
descent, constantly sent into the bottle, thus changing the water, but in the
ascent the stopper will be pressed into the mouth, preventing the escape or
change of the water. To the outside of the tube cannon balls or other
weights heavy enough to sink the apparatus will be attached by catches so
contrived that on the tubes touching the bottom they will be detached, and
the apparatus will thereupon rise to the surface of the sea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR DISTILLING OILS OR RESINOUS MATTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nimmo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1864.
I, JOHN NIMMO, of Borrowstounness, in the County of Linlithgow, North
Britain, Coalmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR DISTILLING OILS OR RESINOUS MATTERS," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention of improvements in apparatus for distilling oils or resinous
matters has for object to reduce the wear and tear of the stills or retorts and
avoid the delays ordinarily occurring on cleaning the same; and the Invention
consists in providing trays or troughs to be placed within the stills to receive
the crude oil or resinous matter to be distilled. When the carbonaceous
matter separated by the distilling process is deposited on the trays they are
removed and fresh trays are immediately introduced so that the distilling
operation can be continued with the least possible delay, it being unnecessary
to wait for the stills being cooled in order that they may be cleaned out, the
deposit not taking place on the bottoms of the stills themselves as ordinarily.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Jules Renous Céré at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1864.
I, JACQUES JULES RENOUS-CÉRÉ, of No. 1, Golden Square, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
For these purposes human or other urine is combined with the
following matters, pulverized charcoal or pulverized cinders, or ashes of
coal, plaster of Paris, gas oil, and sulphate of iron, with or without other
ingredients suitable for manuring land. The urine is first intimately mixed
with the charcoal or ashes; the plaster of Paris is then added and well mixed
with the previous compound. The gas or tar oil is then well mixed with the
other matters, and then the sulphate of iron, if employed, is to be mixed
therewith, but in some cases sulphate of iron is not employed. The pro-
portions of these matters may be varied, depending on the quantity of urine it
is desired to use in a given quantity of the compost in each case; however, the
proportions of the materials should be such as to produce a solid mass which
when dried, which is best done in the open air, is to be broken down and
reduced to powder suitable for agricultural drills.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE- PARATION OF CLAY FOR MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
March 1864. A communication from abroad by Friedrich Edouard
Hoffmann, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE-
PARATION OF CLAY FOR MOULDING BRICKS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
It has long been a desideratum to obtain a less tedious process of drying wet
moulded goods than is at present in use, and at the same time to remove the
risk which attends the drying of goods in the green state by artificial heat.
To attain these advantages it is now proposed to take the wet clay. which is
in a state ready to be moulded, and to heat the same in a closed vessel to a
temperature of, say, 158° to 212° Fahrenheit, without diminishing the water
contained in the clay, this clay when moulded can then be dried in very hot air
without being liable to crack. The heating of the clay it is preferred to
effect by utilizing the waste heat of furnaces, as also the waste steam of steam
engines. The clay can be heated in separate vessels, or by warming those
parts of the machinery which contain the clay to be manipulated. It is still
more advantageous to pulverise the clay, heat the powder, and mix it up to a
paste with hot water, or to heat and wet the powder at the same time by

page_text: steam. Ground clay heated from 176° to 212° Fahrenheit and mixed with
hot water yields a most plastic paste of clay. When the ground clay is heated
to 390° to 480° Fahr. it may be added to and mixed up with any mass of
cold wet clay, provided that it remains sufficiently wet for moulding and still
keeps the heat, which is indispensable for a further successful operation. It
should be observed that the degree to which the clay is to be heated will
vary with different sorts of clay, but experience will soon give the most
suitable heat. By applying heated wet clay for moulding earthenware
the objects moulded will leave the mould without shewing any fissures or
cracks.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR PULVERIZING MINERALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND MIXING OR AMALGAMATING THE SAME WITH OLEAGINOUS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Johan Laurence Leffler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 7th April
1864.
I, CARL JOHAN LAURENCE LEFFLER, of Broad Street Buildings, in the City of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR PULVERIZING MINERALS AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES, AND MIXING OR AMALGAMATING THE SAME WITH OLEAGINOUS AND
OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements upon the apparatus for which Letters
Patent were granted to Richard Archibald Brooman (No. 1774 ) for
reducing friable substances to powder. This apparatus consists essentially of
a horizontal cylinder or cylinders in which metal or other balls are placed
together with the material to be reduced to powder. The openings for
admitting the material being closed by doors or stoppers, rotary motion is given
to the apparatus, and the balls are thus set in action and caused to crush the
friable material placed with them in the cylinders.
Now the object of the present Invention is to render the apparatus applicable
not merely for reducing friable substances, as pigments, to fine powder, but
also for mixing pigments so reduced or while in the act of being reduced with
oil, also for mixing auriferous ore with mercury to effect the amalgamation of
the gold, and in general to effect the combination of liquids with friable sub-
stances. To this end I mount the cylinder on a hollow axle, or on hollow
trunnions, and connect the axle or trunnion with an elevated cistern or reser-

page_text: voir containing oil or water as the case may be. If the hollow axle passes
through the cylinder I pierce it with holes that it may distribute the liquid
over the material contained in the cylinder, and I regulate the supply of liquid
by means of suitable taps. To fit the apparatus for treating auriferous ores,
I connect a pipe leading from a mercury reservoir with the stand pipe leading
from the water cistern, and by that means run the mercury into the cylinder
with the water. If it should be thought desirable to heat the contents of the
cylinder, I connect the stand pipe, or the opposite trunnion or end of the hollow
axle, with a steam pipe leading from an adjacent boiler, and can thus by a
regulating tap in the steam pipe supply any required amount of steam to the
cylinder. At the ends of the cylinder I provide taps for discharging the water
and light floating particles from the cylinder prior to removing the mixed
or amalgamated material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND FLOATING BODIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING MEANS OF BATHING THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Bailly, of No. 9, Rue Donnissont, in the City of
Bordeaux, in the Empire of France, Ship Builder and Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND FLOATING
BODIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING MEANS OF BATHING THEREIN."
Sealed the 20th December 1864, and dated the 23rd June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Bailly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1864.
I, JEAN BAILLY, of No. 9, Rue Donnissont, in the City of Bordeaux, in the
Empire of France, Ship Builder and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND
FLOATING BODIES FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING MEANS OF BATHING THEREIN,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing ships and other floating bodies as
to enable same to be used for bathing, either when a vessel is in motion at
sea or stationary in dock, or used simply as a stationary bathing machine.
The following is an example of the means by which these improvements
may be effected, that is to say:-At the centre part of the bottom of the
floating vessel or ship, and flush with the keel or bottom, I construct an

page_text: open space of any desired shape, size, and depth, to be divided into compart-
ments for different classes and sexes of persons. The opening thus formed I
propose to fit with caissons firmly built into the sides of the floating vessel.
The bottom of the bath may be of copper, and is intended to have openings
formed therein for the admission of water, so that in bathing at sea, whilst a
ship is in motion, or in docks situated in localities abounding with sharks, the
bathers will be perfectly protected from being assaulted thereby. When
bathing is not in season the bath may be easily rendered water-tight and used
for the stowage of merchandize.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' PROPELLERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Calvert at the Office of
of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
the Commissioners
1864.
I, WILLIAM CALVERT, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, Clerk,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' PROPELLERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the propulsion of vessels by the use
of feathering submerged paddles, which by reason of their direct action on the
water during a large portion of their stroke will for a given expenditure of
power produce a higher speed of propulsion than in screw propellers now in
use.
The feathering paddles I propose to place at midships or thereabouts, one on
either side of the vessel, and to use them not only as propellers but for turning
the vessel where rapid evolutions are required. The paddles I form each of a
flat plate with any approved configuration, and I mount them securely on an
inclined spindle which passes through or has its bearing in a boss at the
extremity of the crank shaft of the propelling engines, and is further supported
by a bracket arm keyed to the crank shaft. The bossed ends of this shaft
turn in bearings in the side walls of the vessel. Keyed to the inner end of
each inclined spindle is a cogged wheel, which through an intermediate pinion
is connected with a bevil wheel mounted loosely on the crank shaft. Coupled
with this bevil wheel is a worm wheel, into which gears a screw shaft that
reaches up to, say, the deck of the vessel. This shaft receives axial motion

page_text: from gearing worked by hand for the purpose of adjusting the paddle (through
the gearing already described) to its proper working position. By turning
the screw shaft of one of the paddles so that the position of that paddle will
be the reverse of the one on the opposite side of the vessel, and continuing
the rotation of the crank shaft, the paddles will be caused to act in opposite
ways, and thereby, without the aid of the rudder, turn the vessel quickly round.
By means of the gearing already described, the position of the paddles with
respect to the water in which they are acting is during the rotation of the
crank shaft reversed so that their opposite edges alternately become the
foremost edges of the paddle.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATICAL REGULATOR FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mark Runkel, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1864.
I, MARK RUNKEL, formerly of Centre Street, New York, United States of
America, but at present residing at 54, Regent Street, Quadrant, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED AUTOMATICAL REGULATOR FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make of a common single pendulum an
automatical regulator for marine steam engines, which regulator is so arranged
that its acting on the throttle valve is only effected either by the rolling or by
the pitching of the vessel. This regulator will remain in a smooth calm sea
entirely inactive, and in a heavy sea it will only then cut off the steam when
through the position of the vessel the wheel or screw is coming partly out of
the water, and when consequently the motive power must be as much reduced
to obviate the racing of the engines as the resistance of the water against the
propeller is lessened. To attain this I suspend from a suitable stationary
frame a common single pendulum in universal joints, or in a gimbal, so that
by its own gravity it will always hang perpendicularly, forming a right angle
with the water line, uninfluenced by the various positions of the vessel or
the frame from which it is suspended. This pendulum has on its top a
segment of a circle, the centre of which is within the centre of the universal
joint, and also an eccentric is attached to the top of the said pendulum. This

page_text: governs
segment and the eccentric are so connected with the lever of the throttle valve,
that while the segment is in contact with the lever the valve remains unchanged,
but as soon as by the changed position of the vessel the lever is brought on
the eccentric the said lever raises or lowers itself gradually, and by this
the throttle valve accordingly. The weight on the lower part of the pendulum
I make of any suitable shape and so attached that by means of nutts, keys, or
in any other way, it may be raised or lowered to get the required leverage to
work the throttle valve.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sanderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
. September 1864.
I, CHARLES SANDERSON, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of ordnance consists
in uniting masses of wrought iron by soldering them together by means of
molten steel instead of by welding as is usually practised.
In carrying out my Invention in its simplest form I place two wrought-iron
tubes one within the other upon a suitable bottom or mould, leaving a sufficient
space between the tubes. They are then heated to a welding heat. I then
pour molten steel into the annular space left between the two barrels, whereby
they are perfectly united and soldered together. The compound barrel so
obtained is then consolidated by forging in the usual manner.
In order to obtain an inner surface of steel in the finished gun a thin tube
or barrel of wrought iron of suitable diameter is placed within the inner
wrought-iron tube, leaving an annular space into which molten steel is also
poured. The thin tube of iron is subsequently removed in the operation of
boring the gun. I make larger pieces of ordnance by increasing the number
of the barrels or tubes of wrought iron, which when brought to a welding
heat are soldered together by means of molten steel as before described.
Now, although the wrought-iron tubes thus united may be made by any

page_text: of the methods well known and practised, my Invention has also for its object
the uniting of segments of wrought iron to form a tube or barrel by soldering
the segments together by means of molten steel poured into the interstices of
the segments. The barrels or tubes so obtained I unite to form a gun in the
manner above described. Thus a number of bars of wrought iron, forming
segments of a circle, are placed in a vertical position between the inner and
outer tubes, or the segmental bars may be formed into a cylinder, and held
together by hoops so as to form a tube or barrel. Two or more of such
compound barrels are then placed one within the other upon a suitable bottom
or mould, and after being brought to a welding heat molten steel is poured
into the annular spaces left between the barrels and between the segments or
bars forming the barrels or tubes.
It is obvious that in the case of the larger masses to be soldered together
it is more convenient to pour the steel between the barrels without removing
them from the furnace.
The resulting ordnance thus built up consists then essentially of alternate
rings, tubes, or barrels of wrought iron and cast steel perfectly united without
welding, the barrels of wrought iron being soldered together by molten
steel.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PACKING CHINA AND EARTHENWARE FOR FIRING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Woolf at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1864.
I, SYDNEY WOOLF, of Ferrybridge, in the County of York, Earthenware
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF PACKING CHINA AND EARTHENWARE FOR FIRING," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to avoid the marking of the face of plates,
dishes, and other ware while in the kiln, by the means of support used for
packing them in the seggars. According to the ordinary plan of packing
plates and dishes they are piled one above the other in the seggar face
downwards, there being interposed between each three spurs or small tripods,
the feet of which rest on the back of the plate or dish, the apex supporting the
superimposed plate or dish; thus twelve marks disfiguring the surface are
made on the back and face of every article thus packed. To avoid this I
provide a series of annular supports so constructed that they will admit of
being piled one upon the other and yet leave space between them to receive a
plate, dish, or other article intended to be packed for firing without touching
such article. In the upper face of such annular support recesses are made
to receive a set of spurs by which the plate or dish to be fired is supported
face upwards. Over the dish or plate thus laid a second annular support is
placed, its construction allowing of its resting on the annular support below.
On this in like manner spurs are placed to receive a second dish or plate, and
over this again is laid a third annular support. In this way, therefore, a pile

page_text: of china or earthenware is raised equal to the capacity of the seggar, each piece
being supported in place without the upper or main surface of the piece being
touched by the spurs and occupying little if any more space (which is a
matter of great importance) than if packed in the common manner.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR WRITING OR MARKING INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1864.
I, HENRY GARDNER, 15, Cranbourn Street, Brighton, in the County of
Sussex, Working Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR WRITING OR MARKING INSTRUMENTS," to be as
follows:-
These improved arrangements consist of a hollow cylindrical case with a
piston and piston rod, the end of which piston rod protrudes beyond the top
of the cylindrical case. Around the piston rod is a coiled spring, which is
fixed against the inside of the top or end of the cylindrical case. The lower
end of the cylindrical case is provided with a mouth-piece or discharge tube,
and with a socket for the ordinary steel pen or other knib or writing or
marking instrument. Or a fixed pen knib or instrument may be substituted
for the moveable one. To use this instrument the piston rod should be
depressed by the finger, and the mouth-piece immersed in ink or writing or
marking fluid, the piston rod being drawn up the reservoir in the cylindrical
case between the piston and the mouth will be thus supplied, whence by the
pressure of the said piston, acted on by the spring aforesaid, the pen, knib, or
writing or marking instrument will be continually replenished.
Instead of the above arrangements the piston rod might be covered with a
cylindrical case moveable with the rod, and the details may be varied in other
ways as practice may suggest.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN IRONS FOR IRONING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugenia Rolfe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 26th February
1864.
I, EUGENIA ROLFE, of Verulam Buildings, Gray's Inn Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN IRONS FOR IRONING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to irons for ironing. My first object is to prevent
the iron from cutting, or marking, or injuring the fabric or material to which
it is applied. For this purpose I form the iron or the ironing face or
smoothing surface thereof with a rounded edge or edges, or sometimes I form
it with a bevelled edge or edges; by these means when the iron is employed I
prevent the edges of the iron or of its ironing or smoothing face from marking,
cutting, or discolouring the fabric or material to which it is applied. Next,
for farther preventing the iron from discoloring the fabric or material, I
sometimes coat or cover the smoothing surface or ironing face of the iron with
steel or brass, whereby I obtain a clean ironing face. And next, I have for
object to facilitate the labor of persons using irons by reducing the effort or
exertion required for manipulating the same, or applying pressure thereto.
For this purpose instead of forming the bandle horizontal as usual, I form it,
or the limb or portion of it to be held in the hand, inclined, sloping, or
oblique, so that it inclines or slopes in an upward direction, whereby the
application of pressure in working the iron is considerably facilitated. And,

page_text: lastly, to prevent one iron from scraping against another, and to effect a better
transmission of heat to the fabric, I form the iron or body of the iron in
such manner, either by grooving or hollowing the sides or otherwise, that the
edge of the upper surface of such iron or body projects over the edge of the
lower surface thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SELF-ACTING MASHING APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Roy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1864.
I, JAMES ROY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO
SELF-ACTING MASHING APPARATUS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements applicable to self-
acting mashing apparatus for the use of brewers, distillers, and others, and
consists in the construction and use of a novel apparatus for facilitating the
mashing of malt and other grain in its progress to the mash tub or other
vessel. An apparatus constructed according to this Invention may consist,.
(by preference) of a vertical square sided chamber, the upper end of which
is connected with a spout or hopper, through which the malt or other material
to be operated upon is supplied. The upper end of this vertical chamber is
fitted with two or more perforated supply pipes or narrow chambers for satu-
rating the malt or other grain as it falls from the supply spout. Near the
lower end of this chamber one, two, three, or more stationary rakes are placed
across the vessel. These rakes are provided with teeth or arms projecting
from each side of the transverse bars or foundations of the rakes, and project
downwards at an angle to the horizon, and are so placed that the saturated
grain will fall therethrough.
In lieu of the herein-before described rakes, one, two, or more grated barred
or perforated bottoms may be used, which are placed one above the other at

page_text: some little distance apart. These grated, barred, or perforated bottoms it is
preferred to place at an angle to each other so as to. separate the particles in
their descent into the mashing vessel into which they may fall direct, or be
conveyed through a pipe or spout thereto. The injection water may be
heated in a suitable vessel and conveyed to the perforated pipes or narrow
chamber by a junction pipe or pipes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR REGULATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wright Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1864.
I, WRIGHT JONES, of Ramsey, Isle of Man, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS OR
REGULATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a description of "governor" or regulator wherein
air or other similar fluid is to be employed to act upon the "throttle" or
steam valve to admit or shut off the steam in steam engines.
The improvements consist in the employment and use of a chamber having
elastic or "bellows" like sides and a rigid top and bottom, and divided by
(say) two partitions into (say) three compartments; the lowest partition is
attached by rods to a crank, and has a continual rise and fall imparted to it
thereby, which forces the air or like fluid at each rise and fall through valves
and air ways into the top compartment until a certain pressure is obtained
therein, which when obtained will keep the steam valve open to about the
required extent by means of rods and bell-crank lever extending thereto from
the chamber top. When the engine is working at the required speed the
pressure of air becomes equalized in the compartments, and the steam valve is
not acted upon, but if the engine exceeds its speed, the crank by increased
action causes an extra inflation and pressure in the top chamber, and elevating

page_text: the cover "shuts off" the steam, and vice versa. An indicator or dial is also
attached to one of the partitions, to shew the pressure of air by which the
speed of the engine may be regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macdonald at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1864.
I, JOHN MACDONALD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lamp
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making carriages mainly of sheet iron, either
uncoated with any other metal, or coated with tin, or lead, or zinc. The
parts of carriages which I make of sheet iron are principally the body, doors,
and seats.
In making carriages according to my Invention, I cut and fashion plates
or sheets of iron of the required size and form, and I combine or join them
together by folding their edges in the manner commonly called seaming. The
hinges of the doors and such parts as cannot be joined by the process of
seaming I-connect or join by rivetting, screwing, or soldering. The carriage
is painted externally, and lined internally in the ordinary manner, excepting
that the lining is attached to strips of wood rivetted to the metal, or is
attached to the metal by marine glue or other adhesive composition. I make
the under work of the carriage in the ordinary way, and I attach the body of
the carriage to the said under work by screwing, soldering, or rivetting.
In order to lessen the vibration of the carriage when in motion, I prefer to
isolate the body from the under work by means of vulcanized india-rubber or
other bad conductor of sound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Midgley, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1864.
I, ROBERT MIDGLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to retrieve or abstract the longest of the short
wool which in the process of combing is left in the teeth of the combs and
called "noil." The means I adopt to effect this consists of a series of seg-
ment combs jointed together and forming a chain comb, which is placed
within the ordinary circular travelling comb, and arranged so as to travel in
close contact therewith, from a point in advance of the place where the wool
or other fibre is fed or laid on thereto, and until after passing the drawing off
rollers, when the said chain comb is caused to diverge therefrom, and to draw
out of or from the teeth of the ordinary circular comb the longest of the fibres
from what has heretofore been left in the teeth of the said circular comb as
noil. The wool or other fibre thus separated from. or taken out of the noil is
then drawn off in a sliver from the chain comb by ordinary drawing off rollers
in the usual manner.
The accompanying outline Drawings will more clearly explain the nature of
this Invention.
A is the ordinary circular comb in plan view; B is the instrument by which
wool or fibre is fed or laid on the said comb; and C are the drawing off

page_text: rollers;
D is the chain comb which is composed of a series of segments or
links jointed together, so as to be capable of deviating from the circular comb
at a given place and conducted in a convenient direction by a guide frame E.
There are cogs in the chain comb which gear with the cogs in the circular
comb by which through the cog wheel F motion is obtained, and the two combs
are caused to travel together in the direction of the arrow. The two combs are
in close contact from the point G. to the point H, betwixt which points the
wool or fibre is fed or laid on to the teeth thereof and drawn off again by the
drawing rollers C. The chain comb then diverges from the other, taking
the "backings" or longest of the fibre out from the noil left in the circular
comb which fibre is then drawn off in a sliver by drawing off rollers I.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISH OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1864.
I, SAMUEL YOUNG, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MECHANISH OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the production and application of a motive power
by means of the pressure of weights, and the improvements consist in a novel
combination, construction, and arrangement of mechanism for applying the
power so obtained to a crank shaft so as to constitute an engine. The weights
are to be applied in the form of ordinary "governor balls" connected to a
slide which presses upon one end of a series of "bell crank levers" and so
causes another lever to slide or move a cylinder (having a diagonal rib on its
surface) along a keyway on the crank shaft, which sliding movement causes
the ends of two levers to act against the diagonal ribs so as by their friction to
effect the revolution of the cylinder and crank shaft, the opposite ends of such
levers also transmitting motion to a sliding block or spring which is connected
by a rod to a crank on the crank shaft from which the "governor balls"
receive motion; thus it will be seen that when the power of the engine is
beginning to be spent, the weight of the balls by falling and pressing the levers
maintains the working power.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John M°Closkey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th November
1864.
I, JOHN MCCLOSKEY, of the City and State of New York; United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of sewing machines in which a revolving
hook takes a loop of thread from an eye-pointed needle, and carries it down.
and around a shuttle or bobbin, and after the said loop has thus been passed
around the said shuttle or bobbin. the loop must be detained sufficiently to
allow the hook to revolve out of the first loop and take a second loop of
thread; the act of extending which second. loop pulls out the first one,. and
80 on.
This class of machines are manufactured. in the United States by the
Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Company, and the device for detaining the
thread is a brush or pad. These brushes or pads are difficult to apply and
adjust; they wear out, and the machine is rendered inoperative if there is any.
defect in the pad or brush..
My Invention consists in a groove formed in the said revolving hook near
the edge thereof, into which a beveled point enters, said point being stationary
but adjustable, so that the loop of thread is detained by said stationary point

page_text: as the hook revolves until a bevel or cavity in the edge of this hook coming
opposite the point of the said detainer, the loop is liberated and draws up, and
the second loop is taken as before. This detainer will not wear out, and
when once adjusted, will but seldom require attention afterwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOPED SKIRTS OR CRINOLINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1864.-A communication from abroad by Madame Pauline
Sebauet, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOOPED SKIRTS OR CRINOLINES,"" a communication
from abroad by Madame Pauline Sebauet, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of the steel hoops or
springs of hooped skirts commonly known as "crinolines," whereby such
articles are made to sit better and more gracefully than those of the present
construction.
According to this Invention the steel bands or springs in place of extending
entirely round the skirt are made to extend round the back part only, and
terminate in the line of the hips, throughout the entire length of the skirt.
The opposite ends of these hoops or bands are connected across the front of
the skirt by a number of shorter lengths or blades of steel, or other suitable
material which are connected to each other by hinge joints or by india-rubber
strips, helical springs, or flat springs, which latter are made much thinner than
the lengths to be connected, the object being to secure a perfect flexibility or
pliability in the front part of the skirt independant of the back part, thereby
preventing the awkward bulging or protrusion of that part. In order to

page_text: ensure a proper sit of the back part of the skirt a curved spring is secured to
the front thereof at the waistband, the two extremities of this spring being
secured to the waistband at or near the hips, by which means the skirt is held
back leaving the front comparitively flat.