New OR IMPROVED SASH IRON FOR CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER STRUCTURES MADE PRINCIPALLY D OF GLASS PROVISIONAL SPFICATION
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Arrowsmith, of Bilston, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, for the Invention of "New OR IMPROVED SASH IRON
FOR CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER STRUCTURES MADE PRINCIPALLY
D
OF GLASS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Arrowsmith at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th August 1860.
I, JOHN ARROWSMITH, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
SASH IRON FOR CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER STRUCTURES MADE PRINCIPALLY OF
GLASS, AND ALSO FOR WINDOWS AND SKYLIGHTS, AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
My new or improved sash iron consists of bars having recesses rolled
on either side at or about the middle and strongest part of the bar. The
edge of the glass is placed in the recess and rests on the lower face of
the said recess. The upper part of the recess is filled with india-rubber
or other elastic or water-tight material. The sash iron for the cross
joints of the glass nearly resembles the lower half of the bars before

page_text: described the edges of the glass resting on the top of the bar, india-
rubber, or other water-tight material being placed between the iron and
glass. By the use of sash iron, made according to my Invention, the
effects of contraction and expansion are counteracted and raining in is
prevented. Conservatories, or other structures or windows made with
my new or improved sash iron are simple in construction, and neat in
appearance. The bars may be made of sufficient depth to act as girders
as well as supporting the glass.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Arrowsmith in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st February 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHÄLL COME, I, JOHN
ARROWSMITH, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said John Arrowsmith, Her
special licence that I, the said John Arrowsmith, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I; the said John
Arrowsmith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should. at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom. of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED SASH IRON FOR CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER
STRUCTURES MADE PRINCIPALLY OF GLASS, AND ALSO FOR WINDOWS AND SKYLIGHTS, AND
OTHER LIKE PURPOSEE," upon the condition(amongst others) that I, the said John
Arrowsmith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,. should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the .said John Arrowsmith, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of the new or improved sash iron for con-
servatories and other structures made principally of glass, or of plates
or sheets of metal, wood, slate, or other material, and also for windows
and skylights, and for other like purposes, such as columns and tele-
graph posts, the said iron being made or rolled in the manner herein-
after explained and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 of the Drawings illustrates my Invention as applied to sash
iron, from which figure the nature of my Invention will be readily under-
stood. In the said Figure 1, the principal bars or sash iron are marked
a, in either side of which bars recèsses b, are rolled. In the lower part
of the said recesses b, the pane of glass c rests as represented, the upper.
part of the said recesses being completely filled with india rubber or other
elastic material marked . Or instead of india-rubber tarred or greased
rope yarn may be introduced, or a part of the space above the glass may
be filled up with cement or other matters. By either of these means
the entrance of water is entirely prevented. At the cross joints of the
glass, I employ iron, having either of the forms represented in Figures
2, 3, 4, 5, 9B, and 9 C, of the Drawings; each of the said bars or sash
iron having india-rubber or other suitable material introduced between
the iron and glass as before explained with respect to Figure 1.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 9 A, illustrate modifications of the sash iron,
Figure 1, the said sash iron, Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 9 A, differing only
from that represented in Figure 1 in having combined therewith a
girder. The means of applying the compound sash iron and girder will
be understood by referring to Figure 10. Wrought-iron tubes, one of
which is marked a, in Figure 10, are fixed between the sash iron
principals or girders as represented, and give firmness and stability to
the roof.
By constructing sash iron according to my Invention; the effects of
contraction and expansion are .counteracted, raining in is totally pre-
vented, and as I am able to roll the iron of the required depth and
section for ordinary purposes so as to form a girder as well as support-
ing the glass, the greatest simplicity of construction and neatness of
appearance are attained, as the bars may be of sufficient strength to
extend from one side of the building to the other. When I wish to
construct principals or beams with sash iron of greater depth than can
be readily rolled in one piece, I. make the said principals in the manner

page_text: illustrated in section in Figures 11 and 12, that is to say, I rivet to
the lower edge of the principal or beam, Figure 11, two plates e, f,
which are rivetted together at g, and are rivetted to the beam dat h.
When I want to make the principal or beam with sash iron of still greater
depth, I proceed as illustrated in section in Figure 12, that is to say,
between the two solid portions i, l, of the principal or beam I insert
plates l, m, which are rivetted together at n, and to the parts i, hi, of
the principal at o.
In constructing curved principals or beams with sash iron for con-
servatories and other buildings, where great depth with lightness is
required, I adopt.the mode represented in section in Figure 13 of the
Drawings, that is to say, the principal or beam is made in two parts p, q,
and the space between them is filled up with rings, one of which is
shewn in section at r. The edges of the rings have troughs or recesses
as shewn at s, s, into which the inner edges of the parts p, q, of the
principal are inserted and fixed by rivetting.
· Figure 14 and Figure T4 A, represent in cross section different kinds
of iron which I use as principals for angular roofs.
Although for convenience of description, I have only described the
insertion and fixing of plates of glass in the various forms of sash iron
described and represented, yet I wish it to be distinctly understood that
sheets or plates of iron or other metal, either plain or corrugated, slates,
wood, or other material, may be inserted and fixed in the sash iron in
the same way as described with reference to plates of glass.
Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20, represent sections of columns and
telegraph posts constructed according to my Invention, the said columns
and posts being made of pieces or bars of iron rolled of the forms repre-
sented in Figure 21, and marked respectively a and b. The piece or
bar of iron a has two grooves rolled in it as shewn at a, a, into which
the ends of the two pieces or arms b, b, are inserted. The said pieces
or arms b, b, are made taper at their ends where they enter the grooves
a², a³, as shewn in the Drawing. The piece or bar a is heated red hot,
and the other pieces b, b, are then inserted cold. The projecting sides
of the grooves a³, a², are afterwards closed over the taper parts by
pressure applied by rolls or by other means. By the pressure and con-
traction of the shoulders of the part a upon the bars or arms b, b, the
whole is securely fastened together.
Figure 15 represents a section of a column, the pieces marked b, b,
b, b, b, are for connecting lengths together to make up long columns.

page_text: In order to make long columns, I screw the pieces b first into one
length, and drill holes in the other length, into which are inserted the
unscrewed ends of the pieces b, which latter are secured by means of
cross cotters.
Figure 18 represents in section a column having two of its arms
recessed or shaped to receive glass, wood, or other material, on the
principle before explained with reference to sash iron. c, in the said
Figure 18 represents a rolled iron wedge which I employ to reduce the
amount of packing required. By taking a piece of iron of the form
shewn at c, or any other suitable form, and lapping round it a piece of
sheet india-rubber or other material, the same object is obtained with
much less material.
Figure 16 represents in section a column which I use to obviate the
necessity of using pipes to convey gas up the said columns. I make in
the said column passages or spaces marked c, c, and by simply tapping
into the said passages, the said passages act as gas pipes.
Figures 17, 19, 20, 22, and 23, represent telegraph posts constructed
according to my Invention, the elevations, Figures 22 and 23, shewing
two methods of fixing the same.
In Figure 22, the post is fixed in a cast-iron base secured tó a block
of stone, and in Figure 23, the foot or support of the post is made by
slitting up the centre of the iron to a certain height, and then turning
up the four sides at right angles to the post. A good foot is thus formed
for securing in the ground. I do not however confine myself to any
particular mode of fixing the posts, as it may be effected in numerous
ways.
Figure 24 represents in plan, and Figure 25 in elevation, an arm
which may be fixed to the telegraph post by a screw for carrying the
insulator in which the telegraph wire or wires are supported.
Figure 26 is a section of the same description of iron as that herein-
before described for columns and posts, modified and arranged so as
to form the mast of a ship. By filling the angles with wood, and secur-
ing the whole with wrought-iron hoops as represented, an exceedingly
strong mast is obtained.
.Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my Inven-
but I claim as my Invention, the new or improved sash iron for
tion;

page_text: conservatories and other buildings, made principally of glass, or of plates
or sheets of metal, slate, wood, or other material.
Also, for windows and skylights, the said iron being constructed in
the manner herein-before described and represented in Figures 1 to 14 A,
both inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.
Also, the modifications of the said iron herein-before described and
.represented in Figures 15 to 26, both inclusive of the accompanying
Drawings, to be used in the construction of columns, telegraph posts,
and for other like purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Arrowsmith, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN ARROWSMITH. (L.S.)