Improvements in Wrenches and Pipe Outters.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application,, 28th July,. 1894
Complete Specification Left, 26th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 1st June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wrenches and Pipe Outters.
1, JOHN MANNING of 19 Delahay Street, Westminster, S.W., Clerk in Holy
Orders, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to adjustable wrenches provided with several sets of
jaws adapted to grasp nuts or other objects of different forms, the jaws being
simultaneously adjusted by a screw shaft extending lengthwise through the handle
and operated by a wing head journalled in. the handle and fitting on the squared
end of the screw shaft. One pair of jaws is adapted to grip ordinary nuts whilst
the oppositely projecting pair of jaws is provided with a pivoted self-tightening
gripping dog adapted for gripping pipes and other round objects, or either pair
may be provided with a similar dog bevellad to act as a pipe cutter, whilst a third
pair of jaws projects at right angles to the plane of the wrench in order to grasp
nuts or bolt heads countersunk in recesses.
Both the outer jaw head and the body of the wrench are therefore T-shaped
when viewed towards their gripping faces, so as together to form three pairs of
gripping jaws, two oppositely projecting pairs in the same plane and one pair
perpendicular thereto. The one of the first mentioned pairs of jaws has the
gripping face of one jaw V-notched transversely to adapt it to grip a round object
whilst in the other jaw a loose gripping dog is pivoted within a chamber in the jaw
from the face of which its serrated face projects. This dog is pivoted by a
cylindrical knuckle head on its inner end. received in a seat in the chamber which
permits the free play of the dug to enable it to automatically tighten its grip when
the strain comes upon it in turning a round bar or pipe and to release itself when
the wrench. is moved in the opposite direction to obtain a fresh grip.. The chamber
in which the dog. is pivoted opens to the socket in the body of the wrench through
which the guiding shank of the outer or movable jaw head.slides so that the dug is
retained in its place by the shank without the use of any pivot pin which is liable
to be broken,. whilst by making the cylindrical knuckle. head in one with the dog
ample bearing surface and great strength are obtained. The dog has a serrated
gripping face and the pipe cutting dog is similar except that it has a V cutting
edge.. The one may be readily substituted for the other by withdrawing the shank
of the outer jaw head..
The third pair of jaws are rounded externally and have V-shaped recesses in
their faces to grasp bolts-or nuts by diametrically opposite corners.
The adjusting screw shaft. is journalled in the outer jaw. bead and its threaded
portion works in n. corresponding female screw in the body of the wrench lengthwise
movement of the screw being provided for by its squared end sliding through a
corresponding socket in the wing head journalled in the end of the handle by which
the screw is turned.
The adjusting, screw extends from end to end of the wrench centrally through
and in the plane of the handle and the. handle is out of the plane of the socket in
which the shank. of the movable, outer, jaw. head slides..
Dated this 28th day of July 1894.
A. M., & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Wrenches and Pipe Cutters.
I, JOHN MANNING, of 19, Delahay Street, Westminster, S.W., Clerk in Holy
Orders, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to adjustable wrenches provided with several sets of
jaws adapted to grasp nuts or other objects of different form, the jaws being
simultaneously adjusted by a screw shaft extending lengthwise through the handle
and operated by a wing head journalled in the handle and fitting on the squared
end of the screw shaft. One pair of jaws is adapted to grip ordinary nuts whilst
the oppositely projecting pair of jaws is provided with a pivoted self-tightening
gripping dog, adapted for gripping pipes and other round objects, or either pair
may be provided with a similar dog, bevelled to act as a pipe cutter, whilst a third
pair of jaws projects at right angles to the plane of the wrench, in order to grasp
nuts or bolt-heads countersunk in recesses.
The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
forming part of this Specification, wherein
Figure 1 represents a face view of the wrench, and Figure 2 a longitudinal
section of the same.
Figures 3 and 4 represent sectional views of the wrench, modified to act as a
pipe tongs and cutter.
The same letters of reference denote like parts in all the figures.
A is the outer jaw head attached to a shank A' sliding in the body portion B.
C is the adjusting screw. D is the handle in one with the body portion B.
In Figure 1, the pair of jaws a, a, are adapted to grip nuts, whilst the opposite
pair of jaws b, b, are adapted to grip pipes and other round objects. The third
pair of jaws c, c, project from the face of the wrench, so that both the outer jaw
head A and the body of the wrench B are T-shaped when viewed as in Figure 4,
so as together to form three pairs of gripping jaws, two oppositely projecting
pairs a, a, and b, b, in the same plane and one pair c, c, perpendicular thereto. The
pair of jaws b, b, has the gripping face of the outer jaw V-notched transversely to
adapt it to grip a round object whilst in the other jaw a loose gripping dog b¹ is
pivoted within a chamber 62 in the jaw from which the serrated gripping face of
the dog projects. This dog is pivoted by a cylindrical knuckle head 6 on its inner
end received in a corresponding seat in the chamber 6' which permits the free play
of the dog to enable it to automatically tighten its grip when the strain comes upon
it in turning a round bar or pipe and to release itself when the wrench is moved in
the opposite direction to obtain a fresh grip. The chamber 6 in which the dog is
pivoted opens to the socket in the body B of the wrench through which the guiding
shank A of the outer or movable jaw head A slides, so that the dog is retained in
its place by the said shank without the use of any pivot pin, whilst by making the
cylindrical knuckle head 6 in one with the dog, ample bearing surface and great
strength are obtained. The dog being held in place only by the shank A¹ may be
easily removed (after unscrewing the wrench and withdrawing the shank) and
replaced by a pipe cutter, differing from the gripping dog only in that it has a
V-cutting edge. The third pair of jaws c, c, are rounded externally and have
V-shaped recesses in their faces to grasp bolts or nuts by diametrically-opposite
corners.
The adjustable screw shaft C is journalled between collars in the outer jaw A,
and its threaded portion works in a corresponding female screw in the body B of
the wrench, lengthwise movement of the screw being provided for by its squared

page_text: end sliding through a corresponding socket in the wing head E journalled in the
end of the handle D by which the screw is turned. The adjusting screw C extends
from end to end of the wrench centrally through and in the plane of the handle D,
and the handle is in a plane parallel with the shank A' and out of the plane of the
jaws a, a, and b, b, so that the knuckles of the hand holding it will not be so liable
to come in contact with the work.
In Figures 3 and 4 the jaws a, a, are similar to b, b, and fitted the one with a
pipe cutting dog a¹ whose serrated edge is V-shaped which is pivoted at a³ in a
chamber a in said jaw exactly like 6 as shewn. Such a cutter may be readily
substituted for the dog b¹ in the arrangement shewn in Figure 1, as above
mentioned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The respective arrangements of the improved combined wrench and pipe
cutter having three pairs of jaws arranged for use, substantially as specified and
shewn in the respective figures of the drawings.
2. The combination, with the handle and body portion or stationary jaw head,
of the outer or movable jaw head guided by a shank sliding through a socket in
the body portion and an adjusting screw journalled in, and connected to, the
movable jaw and adapted to be turned in a female screw in the body portion by
means of a wing head journalled in the end of the handle and having a sliding
connection with the screw, substantially as specified.
3. In the herein described wrench, the pipe gripping or cutting dog working on
a cylindrical knuckle joint within the chambered jaw of the body portion and
retained in its seat in said chamber by the sliding shank of the outer or movable
jaw so as to be easily removable and exchangeable, as specified.
Dated this 25th day of April 1895
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.