CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Reuben Bottomley, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and David Schofield, of Oldham, in the same
County, Mechanic, and Henry Spencer, of Rochdale aforesaid, Manager,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Reuben Bottomley, David
Schofield, and Henry Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th June 1854.
We, REUBEN BOTTOMLEY, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, and DAVID SCHOFIELD, of Oldham, in the same County, Mechanic,
and HENRY SPENCER, of Rochdale aforesaid, Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS" to
be as follows:-
Our Invention applies, first, to well-known machines imployed in the
above processes, called "twiners" or "twisters," and consists in substituting
a novel and peculiar arrangement of mechanism or apparatus, for the
purpose of holding or retaining the threads whilst being wound on by the

page_text: spindles, in place of the ordinary "slide and jaws" used in such machinery.
Our improvement consists in providing a traversing bar or bars, having pro-
jecting pins or studs, which, when traversed or placed opposite other inter-
posing stationary pins or studs, will hold or retain the threads in a similar
way to the parallel "jaws" as commonly used, but in a much inore convenient
manner for "peicing up" or uniting the ends of any broken yarns or threads.
Secondly, our improvement applies to the well-known machines employed
in the above processes, called self-acting "twiners" or twisters," and con-
sists in the novel application of a driving shaft, with its necessary pulleys and
gearing, for the purpose of imparting a direct driving motion to the "tin
drum," which drives the spindles.
"
And, thirdly, our improvement applies to the throstle or doubling frame,
and consists in the application of an excentric of many "steps" or dwells, for
the purpose of giving a novel tremulous motion to the copping
traversing rail, thereby causing the same to vibrate quickly, and consequently
give a more uniform drag to the bobbins, and causing less snarling or breakage
ог
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Reuben Bottomley, David Schofield, and Henry Spencer, in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th December 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, REUBEN
BOTTOMLEY, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and
DAVID SCHOFIELD, of Oldham, in the same County, Mechanic, and HENRY
SPENCER, of Rochdale aforesaid, Manager, send. greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Reuben Bottomley, David Schofield, and Henry Spencer, Her espocial
license that we, the said. Reuben Bottomley, David Schofield, and Henry
Spencer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Reuben Bottomley, David Schofield, and Henry Spencer, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,

page_text: an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said Reuben Bottomley, David Schofield,
and Henry Spencer, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar. months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Reuben Bottomley, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Our improvements in machinery or apparatus for spinning and doubling
cotton and other fibrous materials apply, first, to well-known machines
employed in the above process, called "twiners' or twisters, and consists
in substituting a novel, and peculiar arrangement of mechanism or appa-
ratus, for the purpose of holding or retaining the threads whilst being
wound on by the spindles, in place of the ordinary "slides" and "jaws"
used in such machinery. Our improvement consists in providing a tra
versing bar or bars, with or without projecting pins or studs, which,
when traversed, or placed opposite other interposing stationary pins or studs,
will hold or retain the threads in a similar way to the parallel "jaws" as
commonly used, but in a much more convenient manner for "piecing :up
or uniting the ends of any broken yarns or threads.
Secondly, our improvement applies to the well-known machines employed
in the above processes, called "self-acting twisters" or twiners, and consists
in the novel application of a driving shaft, with its necessary pulleys and
gearing, for the purpose of imparting a direct driving motion to the "tin
drum," which drives the spindles.
"
And, thirdly, our improvement applies to the "throstle or "doubling
frame," and consists in the application of an excentric of many "steps or
dwells, for the purpose of giving a novel or tremulous motion to the " copping
rail," thereby causing the same to vibrate quickly, and consequently giving a
5 more uniform drag to the bobbins, and causing less "snarling" or breakage of
the threads.
But in order that our Invention may be the better understood and
explained in detail, we have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings, made
upon a scale of about two inches to a foot, and having the saine letters
:

page_text: of reference on similar parts of the machinery or apparatus, illustrated in
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. (Figs. 2 and 4 exhibit the most simple arrangement
and shapes or forms of studs or teeth applicable either to the exterior or
interior laths or bars). We have illustrated two methods which we prefer
adapting, for the purpose of holding or retaining the threads or yarns when
the twist is put in, and in lieu of the "ordinary "slides or "jaws" at present
in use.
We do not deem it necessary that the precise shapes or forms which
we have delineated should in either case be strictly adhered to, nor do we
desire such to be manufactured in any or one particular material; but wo
adopt in various instances, whatever shape, construction, or form, whatever
material or metal as may appear best adapted for the purpose in view or the
end to be obtained. The thick dotted line represents the yarns or threads
when secured for the "twist," as well as traversing freely. Figs. 1, 2, and 3
exhibit the method or arrangement we prefer; Fig. 1 representing a trans-
verse section of the centre or middle piece passing over and between the base
and sides of the exterior casting, both of which combined form the subject of
our improvement. Fig. 2 exhibits a longitudinal elevation of the "centre
picce," composed of a longitidunal bar a, having or being provided with pro-
jecting studs b, the upper parts of which have projections at right angles to
their studs, beneath which the yarns or threads are alternately "given out"
and secured. This bar may be cast perfect in convenient portions, and con-
tinuous junctions made to any desired length. Fig. 3 represents a longi-
tidunal elevation of the exterior "casting" (in the present instance) between
the vertical and opposito studs c, c, of which the centre piece has a lateral
motion imparted to it. The relative positions of Figs. 2 and 3 will be fully
understood on reference to Fig. 1. It will be observed that the two castings
exhibit themselves as working in a combination (on the left-hand side) in both
Figs. 2 and 3; in Fig. 2, in such a position that the yarns may traverse freely
through them; and in Fig. 3, a position is shown in which the yarn would be
confined after the "twist" is put in; the apparatus described should be situated
where the present "jaws" are placed, and in lieu thereof the reciprocating
lateral movement may be imparted by any convenient arrangement of suitable
apparatus, driven from any moveable part of the machinery, or by pins, stops,
or inclined planes, placed upon the framing. The particular advantage besides
economy which combines itself with the adaptation of this part of our
improvements, is the extreme rapidity by which the "piercer" may rejoin the
yarn or thread when broken, and at once drop it through the openings d, d,
to its proper line of traverse, the entirely doing away with the " piercer "
passing his hand through the "jaws," as well as the entirely remedying those

page_text: frequent minute corrugations in the "jaws," as at present in use, caused
by the continuous traverse of the yarn itself, and whereby much extra break-
age, waste, and consequent labour is ensured. Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate our
second and another method of effecting the same object as herein-before
described; Fig. 4 exhibits a longitidunal elevation (the full lines when allow-
ing the yarns free traverse through the apparatus, the dotted lines when
securing the yarns,) of our second method; Fig. 5, exhibiting a transverse
section of the same, and illustrating the employment of two side lathes or
checks e, e, on the upper surfaces of which are mounted two glass rods or bars
ff, over which the yarns traverse between these laths; the bar or rod fur-
nished with rectangular or slightly hooked studs 7 rises and falls, regulated by
appropriate mechanism. It will now be evident that when the bar g is elevated,
as shewn by the full lines in Fig. 4, the yarns freely traverso through; but
when the centre bar g falls, the yarns are confined, as shewn in Fig. 5, and
held whilst being wound on to the spindles.
Fig. 6 exhibits a longitidunal elevation of the second part of our Invention;
and Fig. 7, an end view of the same. By the lowering of the head-stock of
self-acting "twiners" or "twisters" nearer to the ground level, and employing
the opposite end of the framing to that hitherto used for the "head-stock,"
we ensure great firmness of working; and by adapting the arrangement, as
herein illustrated and described, we attain simplicity and great lightness of con-
struction. In Fig. 6, h is the framing; j, j, the fast and loose driving pullies;
and is the driving shaft, which imparts direct action through the bevil
wheels and m to the tin drum n, which drives the spindles. o is the
"winding-on".drum, which gives motion to the tin drum or roller n through
the shaft k, thereby winding the yarns on to the spindles.
66
The third part of our Invention, for giving a tremulous motion to the
'copping rail," is illustrated by Fig. 8, a side elevation, and Fig. 9, a front
elevation. The tremulous motion is imparted to the "copping rail" through
appropriate gearing, by the peculiarly shaped wheel p, its shape partaking
of that of an irregularly shaped disc, whose periphery is a circle. The
wheel p works in a grooved or double-tongued fitting q, secured to the
framing r. The shaft s takes a reciprocating motion from the irregular
surface of the wheel p, revolving between the tongues of the rigid fitting
9, imparting the same through the wheel t, and thereby producing on the
"copping rail" a tremulous or quick vibratory motion, which motion causes
a more uniform drag to the bobbins and considerably less "snarling."
The compartments or divisions of the wheel described must be in proportion
to the tremor desired.

page_text: Having now described the nature of our improvements, and the manner
in which they are severally to be performed or carried into practical effort.
we wish it to be distinctly understood that we claim,-
First, the construction, employment, and use of bars or laths of any suit-
able material, furnished with projections or studs of any convenient shape,
either or all moving laterally, so as alternately to secure and release the yarns
or threads, as herein described.
Secondly, we claim the construction, employment, and use of a bar or lath
of any suitable material, furuished with projections or studs of any convenient
shape, rising and falling alternately between two exterior laths or checks, as
herein set forth and described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing,
and for the purpose of alternately holding and releasing the yarns or threads
passing between them.
Thirdly, we claim the construction, application, and use of the driving
pullies and shaft, gearing, &c. (adapted for self-acting twiners or twisters), as
herein-before described and set forth, and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing, as well as any or such arrangement of the framework as will enable
us to place the driving shaft beneath the traversing part or slide, thereby
giving motion to the tin drum, by means of bevil or spur wheels, or any other
mechanical equivalent.
And, fourthly, we claim the construction, application, employment, and use
of such or similar cam wheel or roller, for the purpose of giving a tremulous
motion to the "copping rail," or wherever else required, as herein described
and set forth, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Reuben Bottomley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
REUBEN BOTTOMLEY. (L.S.)