matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF RIBred Looped FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Hewitt, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF RIBred Looped FABRICS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Edwin Hewitt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th March 1878,
"IM-
EDWIN HEWITT, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR MACHINES
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RIBBED LOOPED FABRICS."
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a sectional view of my improved machinery and apparatus,
and Figure 2 a plan of portions of the same, more particularly referred to here-
after.
To a frame head A of a machine of the usual construction to produce ribbed
looped fabrics I employ a machine head constructed as follows:-B is a vertical
bearing secured to a boss C, which is capable of adjustment upon a vertical shaft
secured to the standard or bed of the machine; the boss C is provided with a set
screw C to regulate the depth to which the machine head is lowered for the
machine needles to engage with the frame needles; the bearing B carries a
revolving tube D, provided at its lower end with a circular sley E of the required
gauge, in which the lower ends of hanging needle jacks K, each provided with a
machine needle, slide. These jacks rest and rock upon a hanging plate F, the upper
ends of the jacks slide in a double rimmed sley G, which with the plate F is secured
to and revolves with the pipe D; the jacks slide upon and around a circular cam
plate H, provided with an adjustable incline H', to regulate the length of loop to
be drawn by each needle; there is a recess cut in the plate H upon the opposite
side to the incline, in order to give room for the jacks when they are pressed back

page_text: by the push-back, which is of the usual construction; the jacks are kept down, and
dirt is prevented from having access to them by a cover I, which with the cam plate
His secured to the bearing B. The cover is shewn in plan at Figure 2, partly
broken away, to shew the operating parts of the cam. The upper end of the pipe D
is provided with a toothed wheel L, forming portion of the driving gear, which with
the rest of the machine is of the usual construction. By such means I am enabled
to produce a machine head of a superior and more enduring construction than
heretofore.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same may be performed, I declare that I claim for the hanging needle jack K, con-
structed and arranged substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated in the
Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Hewitt, have hereunto set any hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
ZENEוטו
היחידהריזה
Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.
THזווונטו
TTTTTT TTALTT
הנו
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1878.
EDWARD TAYLOR, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention is particularly applicable to rotary churns, driven by steam or
other power, but it may also be applied with advantage to rotary churns turned by
hand.
The object of the Invention is to afford means of ventilating the churn by letting
out or admitting air, as the case may be, whilst the churn is in motion; it also
admits of the pouring in of hot or cold water as may be necessary, and allows of
the inspection of the progress of the butter making without stopping the revolution
of the churn.
The apparatus is perfectly self acting, it does not require any spring or other
valve, and it combines all the advantages of the open air churn with those of the
revolving or enclosed churn. The apparatus is perfectly self acting, it does not
require any spring or other valve, and it combines all the advantages of the open
air churn with those of the revolving or enclosed churn. I make the end of the axle
furthest from the handle hollow, and to the end of this hollow axle I attach a
curved tube, bent upwards and terminating in a funnel or hopper, the top of which
is slightly above the body of the churn. This funnel or hopper is furnished with a
cover.
Thus it will be seen that air can be allowed to escape from the churn, or be
admitted or shut off, without any stoppage at any part of the operation. Hot or
cold water can also be introduced without stoppage and without scalding any
portion of the milk, and as the milk will at all times rise to the same level in the
bent tube or hopper as it does in the body of the churn the progress of the butter
making can be constantly inspected without stopping the revolution of the churn.
.
IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR STOPPING HOLES OR LEAKS IN THE HULLS OF VESSELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Price and John Eardley
Yerburgh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July
1878.
WILLIAM PRICE, of Egmanton, in the County of Nottingham, and JOHN EARDLEY
"IMPROVEMENTS
YERBURGH, of the Vicarage, Sleaford, in the County of Lincoln.
IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR STOPPING HOLES OR LEAKS IN THE HULLS
OF VESSELS."
In stopping holes formed by colision or otherwise by means of a sheet drawn
over the place it has been found almost impossible to accomplish the object properly,
as the sheet stops at the hole and cannot be drawn forward to cover the aperture.
Now our Invention is designed to obviate this evil. It consists,―
First. In rolling the sheet on a roller and drawing the roller down. The roller
easily rolls over the hole and thus covers it, instead of acting merely as rubbish to
poke into the hole.
:
2nd. We make the sheet of india-rubber or other impervious material on the
outside, and canvass, carpet or still better, specially prepared material extremely
strong, and with a thick heavy nap on the inside (next the leak).
For still greater protection, if necessary, to prevent cutting or tearing, wires can
be interlaced or woven into it.
At each end of the roller is an eye swivelling or otherwise for attaching the lines
to, so as to guide the apparatus to any required part.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1878.
JOHN MITCHELL, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
My Invention relates to the construction of that part of a power loom called the
"batten" or "slay," and consists of a "shuttle guard" attached thereto, the object
of which is to prevent the shuttle from flying out of the "shed" during the
weaving, which accident sometimes occasions loss of sight or other serious injury
to the weaver.
The improved "shuttle guard" consists principally of a light metal rod cranked
at each end, and supported in bearings attached to the top rail of the "batten."
This rod extends from nearly one shuttle box to the other, and lies parallel with
the lower edge of the top rail of the slay, and about two inches in front of the
reed. It rests in the centre upon a hook or bearing which holds it up above the
yarn in a position to arrest the shuttle if it should have a tendency to fly out.
When any "ends" require piecing the rod or "shuttle guard" can be lifted up
out of the way by turning it over on its cranked ends.
A strip of wood is screwed or otherwise fixed along the lower front edge of the
top rail of the slay, so as to leave only a narrow opening between the rod and the
top rail, so that the shuttle cannot escape between them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Holme at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1878.
JOHN EDWARD HOLME, of Hull, in the County of York, Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS.'
My Invention has for its object the adaptation and application to beer engines
and other apparatus, through which liquids are drawn, of measuring and registering
apparatus, constructed so as to register with accuracy the liquid passed through it
without the use of valves and other mechanism ordinarily employed for the
purpose.
And my Invention consists in the application to the ordinary liquor tap of a
vertical chamber or reservoir, with an inlet from the tap at the upper end, and at
the lower end an outlet communicating with a horizontal plug capable of being
turned on its axis a limited distance, such plug having connected to it an open
measure of such capacity as, together with the chamber of the plug, to form the
standard of measurement required.
The plug is formed with a single inlet leading into its chamber when the plug is
turned so as to open the communication with the reservoir, thereby allowing the
liquid drawn from the tap to fill the measure at the end of the plug when such
measure is in its vertical position. By turning the measure into the position required
for emptying it, the plug will at the same time be turned so as to shut off the
supply from the tap by closing the said communication between the reservoir and
the plug; and the registering of the quantity of liquid passed through the apparatus
is effected by the action of a pall on a ratchet wheel connected with the counting
wheels, such pall being caused by the movement of the plug to move the ratchet
wheel the distance of a tooth. This pall is jointed on a stem fixed in side of
the plug, and is furnished with a weight at one end, by means of which is returned
to its position when the measure has been turned as required for emptying.
T 017

page_text: There is also a spring pall fitted to the ratchet wheel, which serves to retain the
whoel so as to prevent its backward motion.
The form of counting apparatus preferred consists of a pinion on the spindle of
the ratchet wheel, such pinion being arranged to move the larger indicating dial
wheel one tooth on each revolution of the ratchet wheel.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN STEPS FOR RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thomson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1878.
JAMES THOMSON, of the City of Edinburgh, North Britain, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEPS FOR RAILWAY, TRAMWAY, AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND
OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
Heretofore the steps for coaches, railway, tramway, and other carriages have
usually been constructed of metal, either perforated in the form of a gridiron, or
solid with the upper surface abraded or roughened to catch the feet and prevent
slipping.
Aud my said Invention relates to the construction of steps of a composite
character, formed of indin-rubber, fitted into a metal or wood framing ready for
fixing to the coach or carriage, and which possess superior qualities to the ordinary
metal steps at present in use.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in forming the metal or
wooden part of the step with its upper surface flat, recessed, or hollow saucer
shaped, and either rectangular, polygonal, oval, or other convenient shape, into
which recess is fitted a piece or layer of india-rubber, having its upper surface
studded with pyramidal, conical, or other equivalent projections, such as used for the
soles of boots and shoes worn for outdoor games, or by pedestrians in mountainous
districts, or where there are no roads.
The india-rubber is attached or fixed into its recess by screws or by cement,
with or without screws, or by other equivalent means; and for the better holding
of it therein the holding edges of the recess are preferred to be dovetailed all round
the sides; or the india-rubber may be moulded into its recess while in the plastic
state.
On the under or back surface of the step a projection or nipple is formed or cast
therewith, the body of which is square or polygonal in section, its outer end being
screwed to receive a nut for securing thereon an arm having an eye, which passes
over the stud or nipple, this arm forming the means of attaching the step by
welding screws or otherwise to the carrying arms or brackets on the coach or

page_text: carriage frame, but these steps may be supplied or constructed without this carrying
arm, and fixed by screws or other equivalent means to their supports.
It is to be understood that steps of the composite portable class herein-before
described, ready for attachment, are equally applicable for the steps of stairs of
houses, ships, and similar purposes, the shapes or dimensions being rogulated to
suit the purpose or position desired.
A COMBINED APPARATUS FOR BOILING, WASHING, AND RINSING YARNS AND WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodor Böhme at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1878.
THEODOR BOHME, Chemist, of Chemnitz, Saxony. "A COMBINED APPARATUS FOR
BOILING, WASHING, AND RINSING YARNS AND WOVEN FABRICS."
My said Invention relates to an improved boiling, washing, and rinsing machine
for yarns and textile fabrics.
In addition to the advantage of obtaining a considerably better result in the
cleaning process my said improved combined machine effects a great saving of labor,
space, and time, because the three above-mentioned operations which hitherto have
had to be effected separately are performed in one combined apparatus.
This improved machine consists of a wooden case resting in an oblique position
upon a frame. Within the said case, which is securely shut and made tight so as
to allow no liquid to be thrown out during the operation, two, three, or more beater
pistons are provided and work closely, sliding parallel with each other. These
beaters are hollow and slide upon rollers. Motion is imparted to them by means of
a crank shaft resting in the said frame.
The aforesaid case is lined inside with sheet metal, and at the front part, which
is curved, the metal sheets are undulated or corrugated.
Across the top of the front part of the said case a feed pipe is conducted, com-
municating with the water conduit as well as with the reservoir for the boiling
fluid. By means of a three-way cock either the said boiling fluid or water may be
fed into the case through the said feed pipe. The bottom of the said case is provided
with a number of small slots leading into a channel, and a discharge pipe. Within
the said channel a steam inlet pipe is arranged so as to pour the steam into the said
channel, whence it enters the case through the said slots. While the boiling
operation is going on the discharge pipe must be shut.

page_text: The yarns or fabrics to be boiled, washed, or rinsed within the said case are stirred
or beaten by the said hollow beater pistons.
A fly wheel may be mounted upon the crank shaft to give the pistons a regular
and equal stroke.
If the boiling fluid is to be used again it may be drawn off to the reservoir after t
the operation by means of a juice pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO BICYCLE AND PERAMBULATOR WHEELS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bindon Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1878.
JOHN BINDON CARTER, of Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham, Architect
and Surveyor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS, ESPECIALLY
APPLICABLE TO BICYCLE AND PERAMBULATOR WHEELS."
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of wheels, more
especially applicable to bicycle and perambulator wheels.
The principle of the Invention is the tightening up of wheels by forcing apart
the arms of double spokes.
The means by which I effect this are mainly as follows:-The spokes (formed
of wire or other material of tensile strength) pass through a loop attached to the
perimeter of the wheel. Each end of the spoke is bent, and inserted in a hole in
the centre boss of the wheel; said centre boss consisting of a major piece turning
on the axle of the wheel; and a minor piece, capable of turning on the said major
piece. Both these pieces should be provided with suitable teeth.
A nut working
on a thread formed on the before-mentioned major piece serves to press the two
pieces together.
The major piece is provided with two holes, answering to corresponding
projections in a suitable key; and the minor piece is also provided with two holes,
answering to corresponding projections in another key. This last-mentioned key
would also fit the nut before referred to.
With regard to the utilization of these parts, the spokes are first passed through
the loops on the perimeter of the wheel, and must be of such length that the bent
ends can be inserted in the holes in the centre boss of the wheel, the two parts of
the spoke being at the time in such relation that the holes in the one exactly
correspond with the holes in the other.
When the whole of the bent ends are inserted the prongs of the first-mentioned
key must be inserted into the holes in the minor piece, and the major piece held
firm by that means; at the same time the prongs of the other key must be
inserted into the holes in the major piece, and the minor part turned, thus dividing
בT
17

page_text: the two arms of each spoke and at once tightening up the wheel equally in every
part, and firmly fixing the bent ends of the spokes into the holes in the centre boss
of the wheel.
When deemed sufficiently tight, the two parts of the spokes must be pressed
together, the teeth on the two parts effectually preventing any return. For
additional security, the nut will then be screwed on by reversing one of the keys.
This does not fix the exact shape of the centre boss, which is capable of an un-
limited variety of form, without effecting the principle herein-before described.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING SHADES FOR CANDLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Bright and George William
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September.
1878.
RICHARD BRIGHT and GEORGE WILLIAM BROWN, of Bruton Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Lamp Manufacturers. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING
SHADES FOR CANDLES."
The shades or reflectors for candles or candle lamps have heretofore been sup-
ported either by a stationary frame adapted to the candlestick or holder, or by
means of a light frame adapted to the candle itself by means of a clip. In this
latter arrangement the shade frame requires to be moved from time to time as the
candle burns down, otherwise it would fall off.
.
The object of the present Invention is to so adapt the shade-supporting frame to
the candle that as the latter burns down or is consumed the shade frame will
descend with it, and will always maintain the shade in the same relative position
as regards the flame of the candle. To this end a nozzle is adapted to and is sup-
ported by the top of the candle in such a manner that the wick protrudes through
and is consumed as in an ordinary candle lamp or carriage lamp. The nozzle forms
a pan to hold the melted tallow or wax with supplies the wick, and it prevents the
candle from guttering. In order to hold this nozzle firmly in its place an annular
weight is suspended therefrom by pendant rods or wires. This annular weight
surrounds the candle at a convenient distance. below the nozzle, and as it does not
clip the candle it is capable of moving freely thereon vertically, but will prevent
the nozzle from tipping on one side. A round ring for receiving the ordinary
conical or other paper shade or reflector is supported at a suitable distance above
the nozzle by means of wires extending upwards from the latter to the shade ring,
which moreover is provided at its other edge with two or more metal clips, which
Dmine 9.11

page_text: serve to hold the shade in place on the ring, and prevent it from being knocked on
one side accidentally, and thereby exposed to the liability of being singed by the
flame. The wires which connect the shade ring to the nozzle may either be per-
manently soldered to the latter or to a smaller ring, which will fit on to the nozzle,
and may consequently be detached therefrom when required.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS INTENDED TO GIVE TO TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES THE STABILITY WHICH THEY NEED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1878. A communication
from abroad by Jean Amaury Boutin, fils, of Fougerolles (Dordogne), France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS INTENDED TO GIVE TO
TWO-WHEELED VEHICLES THE STABILITY WHICH THEY NEED." A communication
from abroad by Jean Amaury Boutin, fils, of Fougerolles (Dordogne), France.
Of all vehicles drawn by horses those which necessitate the least tractive power
(the load and all other circumstances being the same) are incontestably bicycles
under their various denominations of cabriolets, Tilburys, cabs, and other designa-
tions; but if they have this advantage they have also the defect of being the most
unstable, as is proved by the numerous daily occuring accidents.
The object of this Invention is to overcome this defect inherent to the actual
form of bicycles or two-wheeled vehicles by means of an apparatus which, while
not altering the general appearance of the vehicle, shall compensate for the in-
stability of the third fulcrum or bearing, which rests upon the ridge band of the
horse. For this purpose a strong and solid cross piece is placed about 2 inches
behind the cross piece to which the trace bar is attached. This second cross piece
carries two latches placed in opposite directions, to each of which is suspended by
means of a socket an iron rod or bar bent to an angle of 45 degrees, and joining on to
that of the opposite side to form a parachute, which is thus placed perpendicular to
the middle of the cross piece, and replaces the fulcrum or bearing, which is lost when
the horse happens to fall. In addition to this, at the point of junction of the two
branches is fixed another iron arm, which coming as a prop beneath and in the
middle of the axle keeps the parachute in the position given to it when the
apparatus has been regulated.
This same arm may be brought backward at will, so that when the horse is
unbarnessed the shafts may be lowered without the parachute touching the
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOD FIRE LIGHTERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marks Schmerl Wolfgang at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1878.
MARKS SCHMERL WOLFGANG, of Old Ford Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOOD FIRE LIGHTERS."
My Invention relates to wooden fire lighters, and it has for its object to lessen
the cost of their manufacture, to enable them to be packed for transport in a more
convenient and less bulky form, and to render them less liable to fall to pieces in
transit than the ordinary form of "wheel" fire lighter at present in use.
According to my Invention I take a plain, rectangular, or other shaped block of
wood of any suitable kind of which fire lighters are usually made, and of a suitable
size and thickness, and with a fret saw or endless band saw I cut out a piece of,
say, spiral form, the piece so cut out being equal to about half the bulk of the block,
so that the latter is divided into two equal parts of corresponding form capable of
fitting or locking together, the solid portions of the one being received in the inter-
vening spaces of the other, and reciprocally so as to form when thus put together a
plain rectangular block capable of being roughly handled without injury, and of a
convenient and compact form for packing, a considerable economy in space being
effected in this respect, there being no vacant spaces whatever between the blocks
or the portions of which they are composed.
It will be obvious that instead of a spiral form any other fretwork or analogous
pattern may be adopted capable of being readily sawn out, and such that the parts
will interlock together by mutually filling the vacant spaces the one of the other,
and the block may be divided into two or a greater number of parts, each when
separated serving to form a fire lighter, the vacant spaces through it affording a
passage for the flame and air to enable it to be readily ignited.
Each part or fire lighter into which the block is cut is separately coated with
rosin or other readily inflammable material or compound on one or both its faces,
and when this is dry or hard the parts are fitted together, and form plain blocks of
the same shape as they were before being cut, and ready for packing or transport.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING ELASTIC CORD AND BRAID FOR THE MARKET."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Turner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1878.
"
LUKE TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Elastic Web Manu-
facturer. AN IMPROVED MODE OF PREPARING ELASTIC CORD AND BRAID FOR THE
MARKET."
Elastic cord or braid is as is well known manufactured in long lengths containing
many yards, and is ordinarily prepared for the market by winding these lengths
upon wide boards or cards, which are kept by the retailer indiscriminately mixed
together in drawers or boxes, so that when a customer requires a piece of elastic
the particular quality has first to be selected from among the heap in the box or
drawer, and then the required length is to be measured off, cut from the piece, and
packed up for the customer. This is found in practice. to be a very inconvenient
plan of keeping the goods, and the object of the present Invention is to so prepare
the articles for the market that the customer may see at a glance the various
qualities, and may be served with the desired length without the trouble of
measuring.
Attempts have been made to remedy the inconveniences above indicated, but at
a material cost to the manufacturer.
I now propose as an improvement in preparing elastic cords and braids for the
market to cut up the same into lengths of, say, from one to two yards, the exact
lengths being determined. by the quality of the goods, each length being intended
for sale at one specific price, say one penny. These lengths I wind up into short
hanks by means of any suitable winder, but I prefer however to use a winder
consisting of a bar mounted on the end of a horizontal spindle, and carrying two
parallel wires at its opposite ends. These wires are set apart a distance equal to
the length of hank intended to be wound, and one of the wires by being extended
beyond the other will serve as a handle to rotate the winder.
The length of cord or braid to be wound is brought to the winder, and one
end is applied to one of the wires and held in place, while the winder is turned
until a lap of the cord or braid serves to retain it in position.

page_text: When the length of braid is wound up, a band of paper carrying a trade label
or designation of the goods is lapped around the centre of the hank, and is
fastened in place by means of gum or equivalent cement. Thus the hank is held
secure, and it is then drawn off the winder. This peparation of the goods may
be rapidly effected and at an inappreciable cost. Hanks thus prepared are bound
together in bundles according to their quality, each bundle containing, say, 3 dozen
hanks, and these bundles I place in boxes or trays having some four or six divisions
for receiving different sorts or qualities of goods; the goods thus presented to the
retail customer will enable him to select the quality he is in search of, and to
obtain the quantity desired without trouble to the retailer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLUTES, OBOES, CLAR- IONETS, BASSOONS, AND WIND INSTRUMEMTS OF A LIKE CHARACTER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Collard Augustus Drake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1878.
COLLARD AUGUSTUS DRAKE, of No. 3, Bedford Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLUTES, OBOES, CLAR-
IONETS, BASSOONS, AND WIND INSTRUMEMTS OF A LIKE CHARACTER."
My improvements relate to a method of closing and opening the vent holes of
the instrument by means of keys which are kept open by springs, and closed by the
pressure of the finger as in flutes known as the "Boehm flute." My improvements
consist in the mode or method of actuating these keys. I use one bar supported by
pillars. Each key has attached to its shank a tube which passes on to the bar or
over the next tube, having an independent action, except that when a lower key
closes an upper one, the upper one can be made to close or open independently. In
order to actuate a key by and removed from another key the same is effected by an
outer tube passing over an inner tube (or the bar) in connection with the upper
key, so that my general plan is to have but one bar on which the whole action of
the keys can operate. In order to obtain a combined and independent action of
two or more keys required to operate on each other I cut away from the adjacent
ends of the tubes upon which the keys in question are fastened, in one case one
half of the cylinder or tube, and in the other case so much more than one half as
will be sufficient to carry out the operation next described. The cut ends pass each
other on and over the bar or inner tube or tubes so that the upper edges of the cut
tubes meet, but the lower or opposite edges are separate, and thus the lower key
when pressed closes the upper key, but the upper key when pressed by reason of the
aperture between the lower edges of the cut ends of the tubes will not close the
lower key.
These two leading features and methods of action can be applied to any combi-
nations or series of notes by the multiplication of concentric tubes working on one
bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR RECEIVERS FOR DISTRIBUTING BEVERAGES OR LIQUIDS IN GENERAL
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raymond Hyppolite Corréard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1878.
RAYMOND HYPPOLITE CORRÉARD, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, No. 23, at Paris..
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR RECEIVERS FOR DISTRIBUTING BEVERAGES OR
LIQUIDS IN GENERAL."
The object of my Invention is to avoid incumbrance of material in the sale of
beverages and liquids in general, by combining receivers so as to enable the delivery
of several liquids by the same cock, whether the liquids be of different natures or
only of different qualities. These receivers are for this purpose divided into several
compartments, in each of which a distinct liquid may be placed. From each com-
partment proceeds a conduit which comes to the seat of the cock, the different
conduits being one above the other. The key of the cock is perforated vertically
with as many channels as there are compartments, each channel terminating at the
same height as the corresponding conduit; the openings of the canals or conduits of
the key are not arranged upon the same vertical, so that by turning the key into a
certain position communication between the conduit of a certain receiver and a
certain channel in the key is established. Different liquids may thus be distributed
by the same cock.
The receivers may be of different materials and arranged in different manners, as
for example, either in the form of a cask divided into compartments, or in the form
of a column with concentric compartments, or otherwise arranged. In each of these
applications my multipule service receivers may comprise independently of the
different compartments for liquid a special compartment for ice.
In the case of my receiver taking the form of a vertical column of terra cotta,
porcelain, or other suitable material, I may cause to pass vertically through its
centre a tube with a jet of water, which will add to its attraction the circulation of
water, also taking place in the interior of the receiver.
These multiple receivers upon a small scale may be employed to hold scent or
perfumes in dressing rooms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING PATTERNS OR DESIGNS ON WOOLLEN, WOVEN, OR FELTED FABRICS, OR UPON ANY FABRIC MADE OF A COMBINATION OF WOOLLEN WITH COTTON OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holroyd and John Holroyd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1878.
THOMAS HOLROYD and JOHN HOLROYD, both of Leeds, in the County of York.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN FORMING PATTERNS OR DESIGNS ON WOOLLEN, WOVEN, OR FELTED
FABRICS, OR UPON ANY FABRIC MADE OF A COMBINATION OF WOOLLEN WITH COTTON
OR OTHER MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Our improvements consist of a mode of producing raised patterns or designs of
a peculiar and novel description upon the surfaces of raised or piled fabrics, or upon
any woven or felted or other fabrics having a nap or pile of any description on their
surfaces capable of being raised or operated upon, all as herein-after described.
The fabric on the surface of which the nap has been previously raised or produced
is drawn with regularity, by means of rollers or otherwise, over a straight edge or
bed plate, above which is fixed a brush revolving at a high speed, and in an opposite
direction to that in which the nap of the cloth or fabric is laid; if this brush is so
fixed as to allow its periphery to be in continuous and even contact with the fabric
to be operated upon as it is drawn over the straight edge or bed plate, it would
merely have the effect of turning up or turning back the nap or pile of the fabric
without producing any novel effect or result, but according to this our Invention
we connect the brush or its frame by means of cranks, levers, or springs, or a
combination of cranks, levers, and springs, or equivalent mechanical devices to cams
or tappits, by which it may be made to rise and fall at intervals, and at any desired
speed. In this way its contact with the fabric is intermittent, and produces a
pattern or design upon the surface of the fabric, which may be varied by the use
of variously shaped cams or tappits.
The pattern or design may also be further varied by an adjustment of the rollers
or rods in such a manner as to cause the fabric to be drawn over the straight edge
or bed plate at various angles, also by drawing one selvage of the fabric over the
bed in advance of the opposite selvage, whereby the surface of the fabric is exposed
to the action of the brush in a direction angular to the threads of the weft, or
warp, or selvage, and also by passing the fabric more than once over the bed or
Di31

page_text: straight edge, and bringing it in contact with the brush in such a manner and at
such intervals as may be required to produce the effect or effects desired.
The brushes or similar instruments may be made with bristles, fine wire, whale-
bone, or other convenient material for raising or operating upon the nap or pile,
as herein described, and the cloth or fabric which is to be operated upon may be
either dry, or damped, or wetted, before passing through the machine, according to
the nature of the design to be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Greenwood Warner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1878.
ROBERT GREENWOOD WARNER, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in stuffing boxes and other pump
gear.
I form the stuffing box in the manner illustrated by the Drawing annexed, in
which a is the rod; b and c, conical washers of vulcanized fibre; and a, metal caps,
by means of which the washers b and c are compressed.
For the purpose of giving motion to the piston of a pump I form or fix upon the
head of the piston rod a hollow cross head having a passage through it at right
angles to the rod. The passage is rectangular in section, and receives within it the
shorter arm of a lever, which, by hand labour or otherwise, can be made to rock
about a fulcrum or axis. The shorter arm of the lever within the hollow cross
head carries a pair of small rollers, one on either side of it, and these bearing upon
the interior of the hollow cross head alternately on opposite sides as the lever is
made to rock thrust the piston rod up and down. The sides of the hollow cross
head are slotted so that the portion of the lever which enters it may be free to
incline.
In the arrangement of the suction valves of pumps and syringes I form lateral
perforations around the cylinder or barrel communicating with a circular groove
in its end, and a ring valve is fitted into this groove.
The circular groove surrounds the outlet or delivery passage. The ring valve
may in some cases have a guide stem attached to it.
In the construction of pumps I place the cylinder of the pump, which is simply
a length of drawn metal tube, within a casing which receives covers at the ends.
A sheet of vulcanized fibre is interposed at cach end between the casing and the
cover, and the ends of the barrel abut against the sheets of fibre, and the barrel is
thus held in its place. The lower cover has a cavity within it in connection with
the suction pipe.
-
There are two suction valves, one opening into the barrel and the other into the
casing around it. These valves consist simply of discs of rubber or vulcanized

page_text: fibre covering holes cut conically or otherwise in the sheet of the same material
closing the lower end of the casing.
The discs are furnished with metal stems to retain them in their places. A
piston works in the barrel, and the space below the piston is connected by a pipe
with a cavity in the upper cover, which cavity is in connection with the delivery
pipe.
The space in the barrel above the piston is open to the interior of the casing.
There are two delivery valves formed in the same way as the suction valves, one
working upon the upper sheet of vulcanized fibre, over a passage which establishes
a communication between the casing and the cavity in the upper cover, whilst the
other serves to close the passage leading to the interior of the barrel beneath the
piston.
The piston rod works through a stuffing box constructed as is shown in the
Drawing.
A NEW GAME CALLED 'RINK CURLING,' PART OF THE MECHANISM OF WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO THE LEGS OF CHAIRS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, AND TO TROLLIES, BARROWS, AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND TO TAKE THE PLACE OF CASTORS AND SMALL WHEELS GENERALLY; IT MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO HORSE BOXES, CATTLE TRUCKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR CONVEYANCES, EITHER ON RAILWAYS OR ON BOARD SHIPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Dalziel and Archibald Craig
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1878.
HUGH DALZIEL, of No. 2, The Laurels, Thornton Heath, in the County of Surrey,
Journalist, and ARCHIBALD CRAIG, of No. 1, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NEW GAME CALLED 'RINK CURLING,'
PART OF THE MECHANISM OF WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO THE LEGS OF CHAIRS
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, AND TO TROLLIES, BARROWS, AND OTHER
VEHICLES, AND TO TAKE THE PLACE OF CASTORS AND SMALL WHEELS GENERALLY;
IT MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO HORSE BOXES, CATTLE TRUCKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
CONVEYANCES, EITHER ON RAILWAYS OR ON BOARD SHIPS."
We make the instrument used for the new game called rink curling of wood or
other suitable material, or it can be made of stone, like the stones used for curling
on ice. In the bottom of the instrument one or more grooves or slots are cut, in
which are inserted balls of metal, ivory, bone, or other suitable material. These
balls are so fixed that part of each of them projects beyond the lower surface of the
curling instrument, which is thus enabled to be used for curling without ice, as, from
the balls constantly revolving in every direction, the usual cannons and other
niceties of play in the game can be made as well as on ice. By a slight modification
other games can be played with similar instruments, such as rink or carpet croquet,
table or floor billiards, &c. In adapting the Invention to the legs of chairs, tables,
and other articles of furniture, the same method of fixing the balls may be adopted,
and one or more may be used for each leg, or a metal or other case may be used
into which the leg is placed like the top part of a castor at present in use, the ball
or balls projecting below the under surface and taking the place of the wheel of the
castor. For trollies and barrows, such as those used on railway-platforms for
luggage and other purposes, we use balls in similar manner to that above described
in place of the small wheels now used. For horse and cattle trucks and other
means of conveyance of animals by railway or on board ships we prefer to make
a false bottom to the trucks, in the under side of which balls are inserted. The
D

page_text: false bottom is made smaller than the full size of the truck, so that on any shock
or stoppage or rolling the cattle are not violently shaken, the shock being greatly
lessened by the moving gently of the false bottom, which may be provided with
spring or other buffers. Many other adaptations of the above Invention may be
made besides those described.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND A COMPOSITION TO BE USED THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Freystadt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1878. [A communication from
abroad by Simon Flatau, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia.]
"IMPROVEMENTS
ADOLPH FREYSTADT, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND A COMPOSITION TO BE
USED THEREFOR." [A communication from abroad by Simon Flatau, of Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.]
This Invention relates to a process of making hats or bonnets and other articlos
of a new composition, which is tough, and may be made waterproof, if desired, and
is suitable for the manufacture of hats and bonnets in imitation of straw, plait, and
other substances, of which such articles are usually made, the Invention being also
applicable for the manufacture of various other articles usually made of metal, îndia-
rubber, ivory, leather, and other solid substances.
The new composition of which the hats, bonnets, and other articles are made
consists of glue made from hides or skins (such as the glue known in France as
"colle de lapin" or "colle de veau"), preferably the former, tannic or other acid,
glycorine, and bleached or linseed oil (according to the desired shade of color of the
composition), Marseilles soap and a coloring material. I place, say, 4 parts (by
weight) of the glue in a suitable vessel, and melt as in ordinary, and then add in
the order named 1/8th part of tannic acid, 1 part of glycerine, 2 parts of soap (pre-
viously dissolved in a little water), and 1 part of oil. These proportions will, how-
ever, vary according to the degree of hardness required. The mass is then heated
sufficiently to enable the whole to be incorporated well together by stirring, and is
then ready for use.
In making an imitation straw hat, for example, or other article, I employ any
suitable mould bearing the design to be reproduced, and having previously oiled

page_text: the mould with sweet oil to prevent the composition adhering to it, I coat the
surface of the mould with one or more layers of the composition applied in a hot
state with a brush or otherwise until a sufficient thickness is attained. The com-
position quickly sets, and is then removed or peeled off in the form of a film or sheet
and placed on a suitable block or support to dry and harden.
G
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1878. [A communica-
tion from abroad by Florio and Company, Directors of the Royal Oretia
Foundry, at Palermo, Sicily.]
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES." [A communication from abroad by Florio
and Company, Directors of the Royal Oretia Foundry, at Palermo, Sicily.]
These improvements have reference to those cranes more especially used on public
works, preferably driven by a steam engine forming part of the crane, and also
placed on wheels running on rails for facilitating their transportation around or
within the works, they are specially destined to raise heavy weights to a
considerable height, and so facilitate the landing of the said weights.
For the purpose of these improvements there is formed an upright scaffolding of
open timber or other appropriate material tapering from its base upwards. There
is placed under the base, wheels running on rails for facilitating the tramport of
the crane, the said wheels being mounted on swivelling stems so as to follow curves
in such rails. The said base is also provided with moveable feet or dags, which are
brought down by any appropriate powerful mechanical means, so as to sustain the
entire weight of the crane, either for the purpose of giving it greater stability or
for allowing a wider range of direction of the same on the rails.
In the centre of this conical structure there is placed a hollow metallic tube
rising to the required distance above the same to answer the usual purpose of a
crane post; this cylinder, which can rotate freely within the structure, being
preferably driven by steam power, is supported about midway on a series of rollers
below it, turns in a fixed circular bearing, and above it is guided in a collar of
rollers. The hoisting chain passes up in this cylinder from the engine below, and
out through a hole in the cylinder above the structure to the pulley adapted at the
head of the jib. The load raised as well as the overhanging jib is constantly
balanced by a weight on the opposite side of the crane.
For the purpose of landing gently the objects suspended from the crane, there is
interposed between the said object and the chain a small hydraulic cylinder and

page_text: piston charged with water in such a manner that the the piston rests on the water
which is discharged very gradually by opening a cock.
In case of the rupture of the chain, a parachute is used which does not impede
the slow progress of the same, but arrests its motion entirely when travelling beyond
a given speed or rate..