Improvements in and relating to Thrust and other Bearings.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Nov.. 1889
Complete Specification Lefr, 26th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 18th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Thrust and other Bearings.
1, GEORGE FREDERICK SIMONDS, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, United States of
America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to thrust or end-pressure and other bearings.
In the Provisional Specification filed with my application for Letters Patent
dated 19th October 1889, No. 16561, I have described bearings in which spherical
rollers or balls for diminishing the friction are arranged between rings or annular
pieces provided with concentric surfaces and with plane surfaces parallel to each other
and perpendicular to the said concentric surfaces.
My present invention comprises improvements in ball-bearings of this kind or
class
One feature of my said invention is the construction of the bearing with an annular
or tubular piece or sleeve which is combined with two or more rings or annular pieces,
the balls being arranged between the rings or annular pieces and the said tubular
piece or sleeve.
The said tubular piece or sleeve is, in some cases, provided with an external
circumferential projection, rib or collar and the rings or annular pieces are placed
upon it on either side of the said collar. The said collar is formed with plane surfaces
which are parallel to each other and to the plane surfaces on the outer rings.. On
each side of the said collar I arrange one or more circular series or groups of balls;
the balls of one series or group on each side of the collar bear against the corresponding
plane surface of the said collar and against the plane surface of the adjacent outer
ring, and serve to transmit or resist thrust or end-pressure. Between the said tubular
piece or sleeve and the concentric surfaces of the remaining rings or annular pieces
upon the said sleeve, are arranged balls for supporting the shaft or other rotating body
when placed horizontally or for resisting lateral movement of the said shaft or other
body when placed vertically. There may be, for this purpose, any desired number of
circular series or groups of balls. In some cases, I find it advantageous to arrange
one series or group of balls on either side of the said collar in addition to the series
or groups of balls for transmitting or resisting thrust or end pressure. When two or
more series or groups of balls are employed, on either side of the collar, for supporting
or resisting lateral motion of the shaft or other rotating body, I sometimes arrange
these series or groups of balls between the sleeve and the concentric surface of a
single outer ring or annular piece of the required width. In such cases, I prefer to
provide rings between the series or groups of balls to separate the balls of one series
from those of another series.
When two or more circular series or groups of balls are arranged between rings or
annular pieces for transmitting or resisting thrust or end-pressure, I find it
advantageous to provide for the adjustment of the said rings or annular pieces
relatively to the aforesaid collar on the inner tubular piece or sleeve. For instance
I provide adjusting screws which are passed through one or more of the outer rings
on one side of the collar and are secured in one of the outer rings on the other side of
the said collar. It is obvious that this part of my invention is also applicable to
bearings in which pairs of rings or annular pieces with balls between the rings of each
pair are arranged on each side of a collar formed on the shaft.
The said screws, moreover, if passed through the outer ring at one end of the
bearing and also through the intermediate outer rings and screwed into the outer
ring at the other end of the hearing, also serve for securing together the parts of the
bearing in such a manner that, whilst the outer rings and the inner rings or sleeve

page_text: are capable of rotation relatively to each other, the whole of the parts together form
a complete device which can be readily applied to an axle or journal.
The aforesaid collar on the tubular piece or sleeve is either formed integrally
therewith or it is screwed or otherwise firmly secured thereon.
I sometimes provide the said tubular piece or sleeve with a collar formed with steps
or with bearing surfaces of different diameter, and 1 combine with the said sleeve
balls arranged in circular series of groupes of different diameter and suitably shaped
rings or annular pieces. Some of these series or groups of balls may serve for
resisting thrust or endwise movement, and others for supporting the shaft or other
rotating body.
According to another modification of my said invention I employ an outer tubular
piece provided with an internal circular rib or flange, in combination with inner rings
or annular pieces. The said rib or flange is sometimes formed with steps or with
bearing surfaces of different diameter and used with balls arranged in circular series
or groups of different diameter and correspondingly shaped inner rings.
In some instances I find it advantageous to secure the inner rings or annular pieces
on the shaft as follows, viz. :-I form in the said shaft a transverse groove or key-
way and I fit therein a suitable key; I make the said rings with internal recesses to
fit the said key, and I secure the two rings together and draw them tightly against
the key by means of screws or otherwise.
The above described arrangements in which I employ a tubular piece or sleeve
provided with a fixed collar are advantageously applicable to axle-bearings for railway
and other vehicles and to bearings for rotating shafts, more especially where it is
necessary to resist or transmit thrust or end pressure. I find it advantageous,
moreover, to provide loose pulleys and similar rotating bodies with bearings constructed
as above described.
Another feature of my said invention is the adaptation of a ball-bearing for
supporting heavy bodies arranged to rotate about a vertical pivot or axis. For this
purpose, I arrange between plane surfaces on inner and outer rings or annular pieces
or between other suitable plane surfaces, two or more concentric series or groups of
balls. I prefer, moreover, to provide hoops for separating the balls of one series from
those of another series. This arrangement is advantageous in the case of rotating
platforms, turntables or turrets.
Two or more pairs of rings or annular pieces having two or more concentric series
or groups of balls between the rings of each pair may, if desired, be arranged one
above another. Or the said rings with concentric series or groups of balls between
them may be used for resisting or transmitting the thrust or end-pressure applied to a
horizontal shaft.
I sometimes combine, with two or more concentric series or groups of balls arranged
between parallel plane surfaces as above described, one or more circular series or
groups of balls surrounding the pivot and arranged to resist lateral movement of the
turntable or other rotating body relatively to the said pivot.
Dated this 27th day of Novembar 1880
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Thrust and other Bearings.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK SIMONDS, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts, United States of
America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to ball-bearings of the kind or class described in the Specifica-
tion filed in respect of my Application for Letters Patent dated 19th October A.D.

page_text: 1889, No. 16,561, that is to say, bearings in which rollers or balls for diminishing
the friction are arranged between readily removable or detachable rings or annnlar
or tubular pieces provided with concentric cylindrical surfaces and with parallel plane
surfaces, between which are formed annular channels or cavities for the rollers or balls,
of rectangular form in transvere section, so that the said rollers or balls bear at
diametrically opposite points either against a pair of the said plane surfaces or against
a pair of the said concentric surfaces."
In the bearings described in my said former Specification, in which provision is made
for resisting thrust or end-pressure in both directions, the pairs of rings or annular
pieces with the balls for resisting thrust between them, are arranged on both sides of
a collar formed on the shaft or other rotating body, the inner ring of each pair
abutting against the said collar or against the corresponding ring of the adjacent
pair of rings, and the outer ring of each pair abutting against a suitable surface
on the non-rotating body or against the outer ring of the adjacent pair of rings.
According to one part of my present invention, I modify the construction of the
said bearings in such a manner that I am enabled to dispense with the said collar on
the shaft, and can, therefore, conveniently apply my improvements to axle-bearings
for carriages and other vehicles, and I am also enabled, if desired, to make the bearing
considerably shorter than those described in the said former Specification in proportion
to the number of series or groups of balls used therein. For this purpose, I fit
in or upon the rotating or the non-rotating part in such a manner that it is readily
removable or detachable therefrom, an annular or tubular piece or sleeve which has
an external or an internal circumferential rib or collar formed with plane surfaces
parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and on each side of
the said rib or collar I arrange a ring or annular or tubular piece concentric with the said
sleeve; between these rings or annular pieces and the said sleeve, I arrange the balls
for resisting or supporting thrust or end-pressure.
My present invention, moreover, comprises various improvements in the said
bearings whereby they are conveniently and advantageously adapted for resisting or
supporting both radial pressure and thrust or end-pressure.
The series or groups of balls for supporting or resisting thrust or end-pressure are
preferably situated between the series or groups of balls for supporting or resisting
radial pressure, so that the latter are kept as near the ends of the bearing as
practicable. This arrangement is very advantageous in the case of axle-bearings,
as it effectually obviates any liability to rocking of the wheel upon the axle.
According to another part of my said invention, I so construct the parts of
the hearing and secure the same together that they form a complete apparatus
ready for application to the shaft or axle or other part in or upon which it is to
be used.
My present invention also comprises improved means hereinafter described for
adjusting the parts of the bearing to bring the balls into their working position against
the plane bearing surfaces.
And my said invention further comprises other improvements hereinafter set
forth.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section, showing one form of axle-bearing
constructed according to my said invention, the axle being shown in side elevation.
Figure 2 is a transverse section on the line a, a, Figure 1.
Figures 3 to 12 are longitudinal central sections, illustrating other forms or modifi-
cations of my improved bearing.
Figures 13 and 14 are perspective views, and
Figure 15 is a longitudinal central section, illustrating improved means for securing
the rings or annular pieces upon the shaft or axle.
Figures 16, 17 and 18 are longitudinal central sections, showing bearings constructed
according to further modifications of my said invention.
Figure 19 is a vertical central section, showing my improved bearing adapted for
a loose pulley or the like.

page_text: Figure 20 is a side elevation, partly in vertical section, and
Figure 21 a vertical longitudinal central section, illustrating a bearing constructed
according to my said invention, suitable for a joint for coupling a connecting-rod with
a crank-pin or with a piston-rod or cross-head, and
Figures 22 to 31 are longitudinal central sections, illustrating still further modifi-
cations of my improved bearing.
a is the tubular piece or sleeve, which is provided with a circumferential projection,
rib or collar a¹. 6, b are the rings or annular or tubular pieces concentric with the
said sleeve a. c, c are the balls for resisting or supporting thrust or end-pressure,
and c', care the balls for resisting or supporting radial pressure. The said balls are
arranged in circular series or groups between the said rings or annular pieces
and the tubular piece or sleeve a. Where several series or groups of balls are
employed for resisting or supporting radial pressure, rings d are preferably placed
between the said series to separate the balls of one series from those of another
series. e, e are screws for adjusting the rings relatively to the rib er collar a¹ on
the tubular piece or sleeve a, to bring the balls c to a bearing against the plane
surfaces a², 62 of the said rib or collar and of the adjacent rings b.
In Figures 1 and 2, I have shown an axle-bearing for a carriage or other vehicle.
In this bearing, the tubular-piece or sleeve a has a wide external rib or collar a¹, and
is secured upon the shalt or axle A by means of suitable nuts C, C', and the rings b
are secured, in any convenient manner, in the nave or hub B of a wheel, and surround
the said tubular piece or sleeve a, two rings b being arranged on each side of the said rib
or collar a'. There are two series or groups of balls c for resisting thrust or end-pressure,
and two series or groups of balls c¹ for resisting or supporting radial pressure. The
balls bear against and roll upon the plane surfaces a², 62 of the rib or collar a¹
and of the adjacent rings b. The balls bear against and roll upon the exterior
surface of the tubular piece or sleeve a and the concentric cylindrical surfaces, b' of the
corresponding rings b, the plane surfaces 62 of these rings serving to retain the said balls
in place. There are three adjusting screws e, which are passed through the rings b
on one side of the collar a' and through one of the said rings on the other side of the
said collar, and are screwed into the remaining ring b, so that, by turning the said
screws e in the proper direction, the rings b can be simultaneously adjusted towards the
collar a to bring the balls c to a bearing, or to compensate for wear if necessary. The
parts a, b of the bearing, when secured together by means of the said screws, with the
balls between them, form a complete device which can be sold as an article of com-
merce, and which can be inserted in and removed from the nave or hub B of the
wheel, and can be readily placed upon or removed from the shaft or axle with the said
wheel, the said rings 6 and sleeve a, whilst capable of rotation relatively to each other,
being securely held together by the screws e.
D is a cap or cover placed over the outer end of the bearing, and D' is an annular
plate surrounding the axle A at the inner end of the bearing. This annular plate is
formed in two parts to enable it to be readily applied to and removed from its place
around the axle. The said cap and plate are securely held in place by screw-bolts E
passing through holes or slots in the hub B and provided with nuts E¹. The said
cap D and plate D' close, or partially close the ends of the bearing, so as to exclude
dust and water, and so that the bearing can, if necessary, contain a considerable
quantity of oil or other lubricant without liability to leakage. To prevent the said
oil or other lubricant from coming in contact with the wood of which the nave or hub
is formed, I prefer to introduce into the said nave or hub a thin lining or bushing f
of sheet metal or other suitable material, the ends of which may be turned or
folded over and secured to the nave or hub in any convenient manner, as shown
in Figure 2.
In Figure 3, I have shown another axle-bearing which is constructed substantially
as described with reference to Figure 1, with the exceptions that the collar a' of the
sleeve a is of much less width than that shown in Figure 1, and the bearing is con-
sequently considerably shorter than the bearing shown in that Figure; and the
screws e are passed through only one of the rings 6 on one side of the said collar and

page_text: are screwed into the adjacent ring on the other side thereof, the rings at the ends
of the bearing being retained in place by being fitted tightly into the nave or hub B
the sleeve a is secured
and also by the cap D and plate D¹. In this case, moreover,
upon the axle by means of a single nut C.
Figure 4 shows a bearing similar to that shown in Figure 3, with the exception
that the screws e are passed through three of the rings and are screwed into the
remaining ring b. This bearing is designed to be fitted into the nive or hub of a
wheel or into a suitable box, casing or pedestal, to form an axle-bearing, or a
journal-bearing for a length of shafting. The parts of the bearing are secared
together by the screws e in such a manner that they form a complete device rea ly for
insertion into such wheel, box or casing, or for application to the shaft or axle.
In the modification of my improved ball-bearing shown in Figure 5, two circular
series or groups of balls c for resisting or supporting thrust or end-pressure, are
arranged one on each side of the collar a between the said collar and the adjacent
ring b; and three circular series or groups of balls for resisting or supporting
radial pressure are arranged between the sleeve a and each of the rings b at the ends
of the bearing, suitable rings d being arranged between the said series or groups to
separate the balls of one series from those of another series. The rings 6 are, in this
modification, fitted in a suitable box, casing or pedestal B provided with a cover D ;
and the adjusting screws e, instead of being passed through and screwed into the
rings b, are screwed into tapped holes in the said cover, and in the closed end.
of the said box or casing respectively, substantially as described in my said former
Specification.
b
Figure 6 shows a bearing of somewhat similar construction to that shown in
Figure 5, one of the rings band the corresponding three series of balls c' with the
separating rings d between them, and also the adjusting screw e at one end of the
bearing, being dispensed with, and the box or pedestal B being correspondingly
shortened.
Figure 7 shows a simple form of thrust-bearing constructed according to my present
improvements and adapted for application to a shaft or the like forined without a
collar, the rib or collar a¹ of the tubular piece or sleeve a resisting the thrust or end-
pressure in both directions. It will be seen that this bearing can be made considerably
shorter than a bearing wherein a pair of rings is arranged on each side of a collar on
the shaft as described in my said former Specification.
b
In Figure 8, I have shown my improvements applied to an axle-bearing for a railway-
vehicle. In this bearing, two circular series or groups of balls c¹ with a separating
ring d between them are arranged between the tubular piece or sleeve a and the
rings at each end. of the bearing, other circular series or groups of balls e being
arranged between the collar a¹ and the adjacent rings to resist or support thrust or
end-pressure. The screws c are passed through tapped holes in the cover D of the box
or casing B, and the tube or sleeve a is secured upon the shaft by means of screws h.
The box or casing B is intended to be secured in any convenient manner to the truck
or underframing of a railway-vehicle, the wheels being fixed upon the axle in the
usual manner.
It will be seen that, in the bearings above described, and also in some of the bearings
hereinafter described, the series or groups of balls for resisting thrust or end-pressure
are arranged between the series or groups of balls for resisting radial pressure, the
balls for resisting radial pressure being placed as near as practicable to the ends of the
bearing. 1 thus provide a very advantageous bearing for supporting a shaft or axle,
whilst resisting thrust or endwise movement thereof. Moreover, in axle-bearings
wherein the wheel rotates upon a fixed axle, the liability to rocking of the wheel upon
the said axle is obviated.
Fig. 9 shows another modification of my improved bearing, wherein only two
rings are arranged in combination with the tubular piece or sleeve a provided
with the rib or collar a', a single series or group of balls c being arranged between
each of the said rings and the said tubular piece or sleeve.
Figure 10 shows a bearing of similar construction, wherein three series or groups

page_text: of balls with rings d between them are arranged between each ring ỗ and the
tubular piece or sleeve a.
In Figure 11, I have shown a bearing suitable for a loose pulley or similar rotating
part of machinery. In this bearing, two rings bare fitted in the nave or hub B of the
pulley and are secured therein by means of screws e passed through one of the said
rings and screwed into the other ring.
In the bearings shown in Figures 9 and 11, the balls support the weight of
the rotating parts and also serve to prevent longitudinal or endwise movement of
the rotating parts relatively to the non-rotating parts. In the bearing shown in
Figure 10 the balls are only intended for resisting or supporting radial pressure.
In the form or modification of my improved bearing shown in Figure 12, the tubular
piece a is provided with an internal circumferential projection or rib a' and is secured
in a box, casing or pedestal B; the rings or annular pieces bare, moreover, arranged
within the said tubular piece a and are fitted upon the shaft A. To firmly secure the
rings upon the shaft A, 1 sometimes employ the devices shown more clearly in
Figures 12, 13, 14 and 15, that is to say :- form in the said shaft a transverse slot
or groove A², in which I fit a short metal bar or key g preferably of triangular form;
and I make the rings b next the rib or collar a' with suitable notches or recesses b
into which the said key will fit when the said rings are placed in their proper position
upon the shaft A. By turning the screws e in the proper direction, the said rings can
be drawn tightly against the said key, and will thus be very securely held in place
upon the shaft.
It is evident that the rings or annular pieces, when secured in this manner, can be
very readily removed and replaced, and that, when drawn tightly together by the
screw e, the said rings will be restrained from endwise motion and also from rotation
relatively to the shaft. Moreover the making of the transverse slot or groove in the
shaft and the fitting of the key therein can be very easily and cheaply effected. Other
suitable devices may, if desired, be substituted for the screws e for securing the rings b
in place upon the shaft A and key g. For instance I sometimes employ for this
purpose, nuts fitted upon screw-threaded portions of the said shaft at each end of the
pair of rings.
In the bearings shown in Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19, 1 employ circular series or
groups of balls which are of different diameter and are situated in different planes. The
tubular piece or sleeve a has a circumferential rib or collar a¹ provided with plane
surfaces a² a parallel to each other and perpendicular to the axis of rotation, and
each of the rings or annular pieces is formed with plane surfaces 62, 63 parallel
to the said plane surfaces a², a³ respectively, and with surfaces 6, 6 concentric
respectively with the cylindrical surfaces a, as of the sleeve a. Between the
said rings and sleeve are thus formed annular channels or cavities which are
rectangular in transverse section and which are of different diameters. The balls c for 4
resisting thrust or end-pressure are arranged within the channel or cavity between the
plane and concentric surfaces a², 62, a³, b; the balls c¹ for resisting radial pressure
are arranged within the channel or cavity between the plane and concentric
surfaces a, b, a*, b*.
It is evident that, by constructing the bearing in this manner, I am enabled to 4
employ a larger number of series or groups of balls in proportion to the entire length
of the bearing, as, by reason of the difference of diameter of the said channels or
cavities, no rib or collar is required between the balls c and c¹, to serve as a bearing
surface for the balls for resisting or supporting the thrust or end-pressure, this pressure
being applied through the balls c to the body of the rings.
5
In the bearing shown in Figure 16, the tubular piece or sleeve a is secured upon the
axle A by means of screws h, and the rings or annular pieces bare fitted in a box or
casing B closed at its ends by covers D, D'. Screws e are passed through tapped
holes in the cover D for the purpose of adjusting the rings b relatively to the rib or
collar a¹ of the tubular piece a, as described in the said former Specification. Suitable 5
rings d are, moreover, arranged between the series or groups of the balls c¹ to separate
the balls of one series from those of another series.

page_text: In Figure 17 I have shown a bearing of this kind wherein the tubular piece or
sleeve a surrounds the rings or annular or tubular pieces b, the latter being so
formed that, when they are in place, their inner ends abut against each other.
When the sleeve a is arranged within the rings b, I sometimes so form the said
rings that their inner ends abut against each other, as shown in Figure 18. In this
case, I prefer to secure the rings together, for instance by means of countersunk
links held in place by means of suitable screws; all the parts of the bearing are thus
hela together and form a complete apparatus ready for application to a shaft or other
body upon or in which it is to be used.
b
In the bearing shown in Figure 19, the tubular piece a is secured by means of
screws in the nave or hub B of a pulley or similar rotating piece of machinery. The
rings are arranged within the tubular piece a and are fixed upon the shaft A by
means of a key and screws e in a similar manner to that above described with
reference to Figure 12.
My improved bearing can be advantageously used in the end of a connecting-rod as
shown in Figures 20 and 21, in which A is a crank-pin or joint-pin, is the
connecting-rod, and F is a cap or cover for holding in place therein the tubular piece
or sleeve a. The rings or annular pieces bare secured upon the crank-pin or
joint-pin A in a manner similar to that above described with reference to Figure 12,
or they may be secured thereon in any other convenient manner. The sleeve a is split
or divided at a, Figure 20, and screws are passed through the cap or cover B' and
bear against the said incomplete ring a, which may be thereby adjusted relatively to
the rings 6 to bring the balls to a bearing. The balls e' resist or support the radial
pressure and also serve to prevent undue lateral movement of the connecting-rod
relatively to the, crank-pin or joint-pin.
I sometimes employ, in my improved ball-bearings, screw-threaded rings, or annular
pieces k, as shown in Figures 22 to 28, which fit corresponding internal screw-threads.
in the ends of the tubular piece or sleeve, and which serve to retain in place in the
said tube or sleeve the balls c or c¹ as the case may be.
In the bearing shown in Figure 22, the tubular piece or sleeve a is fitted in the nave
or hub B of a wheel, and surrounds the rings or annular or tubular pieces b, which are
secured upon the shaft or axle A by means of the nuts C, C ; or they may be secured
thereon in any other convenient manner. Between the said tubular piece or sleeve a
and each of the rings or annular pieces b, there are two series or groups of balls c, c',
one for resisting thrust or end-pressure and the other for resisting or supporting radial
pressure. The rings k are screwed into the ends of the sleeve a and serve to retain in
place the balls e¹ for resisting or supporting radial pressure. The ring or annular
plate D' whereby the inner end of the bearing is closed, is so formed that it fits.
closely around the shaft or axle and thus serves to exclude dust and water and also to
retain in the bearing a considerable quantity of oil or other lubricant if such is found
necessary. It will be seen that the rings k secure together the parts of the bearing in
such a manner that, whilst the outer ring or sleeve a is free to rotate relatively to the
inner rings or sleeves b, and vice versa, the whole of the parts are held together and
form a complete device which can be readily applied to a shaft or axle or other body
in or upon which it is to be used.
In the modification of my improved bearing shown in Figure 23, three rings or
sleeves a each provided with an external circumferential rib or collar. a' are secured
upon the shaft or axle A and are surrounded by a single tube or sleeve b in the ends,
of which are screwed the rings k. The balls c for resisting thrust or end-pressure are
or sleeves a
arranged between the said rings k and the ribs or collars a' of the rings
at the ends of the bearing. At each end of the rib or collar a' on the middle ring or
sleeve a, are arranged circular series or groups of bails c¹ for supporting the shaft or
axle. These series or groups of balls are separated by rings d fitted upon the said sleeve a.
In the bearing shown in Figure 24 and in that shown in Figure 27, a single tubular
piece or sleeve a is secured upon the shaft or axle and has two ribs or collars a¹ both
of which are screwed upon the said sleeve. A tube or sleeve 6 surrounds the sleeve a
and has screwed into its ends the rings k. The balls c are arranged between the ribs,

page_text: or collars a' and the rings k; and the balls c¹ are arranged in an annular recess or
cavity between the said ribs or collars a', the circular series or groups of the said
balls being separated from each other by rings d.
In the bearing shown in Figures 25 and 26, the tube or sleeve a has one of the
ribs or collars a formed integrally therewith and the other rib or collar a' screwed
tightly thereon. The outer tube, sleeve or casing bis provided with an internal
flange or collar 7, which closes the annular space between the inner and outer tubes
or sleeves at one end of the bearing. This flange is made with a plane surface b
which is parallel to a corresponding plane surface a on the adjacent rib or collar a¹,
and between these plane surfaces is arranged a circular series or group of balls c for
resisting thrust or end-pressure. The annular space between the inner and outer
rings or sleeves at the other end of the bearing is closed by a screw-threaded ring k
having a plane surface which is parallel to a corresponding plane surface a² on the
adjacent rib or collar a', another circular series or group of balls e for resisting thrust
or end-pressure being arranged between these plane surfaces.
It will be seen that, by turning the screw-threaded ring k in the proper direction.
the balls e next the said ring will be brought to a bearing against the corresponding
plane surfaces, and the outer tube, sleeve or casing b will be drawn towards the said
ring k, thus bringing to a bearing the balls between the flange and the corresponding
rib or collar a¹.
In the bearing shown in Figure 25, the tube or sleeve a extends through the
flange b'.
In the bearing shown in Figure 26, the said tube or sleeve a extends to
within a short distance from the said flange 67.
In Figures 28 to 31, I have shown various forms or modifications of my improved
hearing which are very advantageous for the axles of carriages and other vehicles. In
these modifications, a single tube or sleeve a having a central rib or collar a' is
combined with two concentric rings or annular or tubular pieces b, and between each
of these rings and the said sleeve are arranged two or more series or groups of balls,
one for resisting thrust or end-pressure and the other or others for resisting or
supporting radial pressure.
for
The bearing is closed, at its outer end, by a cap or cover L, provided with a
flange L' and screwed tightly into the tubular piece or sleeve a, and, at its inner end,
by a ring M provided with a flange M' and likewise screwed into the said sleeve
the
purpose of excluding dust and water from the bearing and also to retain a
lubricant therein if necessary. The cap L completely closes the bearing at the outer
end thereof, and is attached to the bearing independently of the hub B. In the
bearings shown in Figures 28 and 29, the ring M is divided or formed in two parts
to enable it to be conveniently applied to and removed from the shaft or axle A. The
bearing shown in Figure 28 has a screw-threaded ring k secured in each end of the
ring or sleeve a to retain in place the balls c¹. In the bearing shown in Figure 29,
the rings are dispensed with, the balls c¹ being retained in place by the cap or
cover L and ring M.
I sometimes make the flanges L', M' of the cover L and ring M of such diameter
that they project beyond the periphery of the sleeve a and, therefore, cover the joint
between the same and the hub B, as shown in Figure 30; the said flanges may also
assist in retaining the bearing in place in the said hub.
I find it advantageous to provide the axle A with a shoulder or collar A², Figure 30,
and to employ a complete or undivided ring M for closing the bearing at its inner
end. This ring is made of such internal diameter that it can pass over the collar A'
of the shaft A, and may, therefore, be screwed into the sleeve a before the wheel is
placed on the axle. The said ring M is provided with a shoulder M² between which
and the shoulder or collar A², is placed a ring or washer N of leather or other suitable
material, so that, when the wheel is secured upon the axle, the said washer will fit
closely against the said shoulder M2 and collar A2, and the bearing will be com-
pletely closed. By removing the cap or cover L and taking off the nuts C, C
and then replacing the said cap or cover, the wheel can be conveniently removed
from and replaced upon the axle without displacing any of the balls, and without

page_text: detaching the ring M from the bearing. I prefer to make all the balls of uniform
diameter as shown in Figure 31; the balls c may, however be of smaller diameter
than the balls c', if desired, as shown in Figure 30, or vice versa.
By constructing my improved bearing as above described with reference
to Figures 29 to 31, I minimize the number of separate parts necessary to form
the bearing, only three tubes or sleeves and the cap L and ring M being required,
in addition to the balls and to the nuts for securing the bearing upon the axle.
It is obvious that the number and arrangement of the rings and balls employed
in combination with the tubular piece or sleeve provided with the internal or
external circumferential rib or collar can be varied without' departing from the
nature of my said invention. Moreover other suitable devices may be substituted
for the screw-threaded rings & for closing the annular spaces between the tubes or
sleeves at the ends thereof.
In cases where great radial pressure has to be resisted or sustained by the
bearing, I sometimes substitute for the balls which bear against the concentric
surfaces of my removable rings or annular or tubular pieces, suitable cylindrical
rollers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood
that claim-
each
First. In a ball-bearing, the combination of a tubular piece or sleeve adapted to
be fitted in or upon the rotating or the non-rotating part so that it can be readily
removed therefrom and having an internal or an external circumferential rib or
collar provided with plane surfaces perpendicular to the axis of rotation, rings or
annular or tubular pieces concentric with the said sleeve arranged one on
side of the said rib or collar and having plane surfaces parallel to those of the
said rib or collar, and balls arranged between the said rings and sleeve and bearing
at diametrically opposite points against the said plane surfaces or against the said
concentric surfaces, substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Second. A ball-bearing comprising a tubular piece or sleeve having a circum-
ferential rib or collar and adapted to be fitted in or upon the rotating or the non-
rotating part so that it can be readily removed therefrom, one or more rings or
annular or tubular pieces concentric with the said sleeve arranged on each side of the
rib or collar, and balls arranged between the said rings and sleeve in such a manner
that some of the said balls resist or support thrust or end-pressure whilst others resist
or support radial pressure, substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Third. A ball-bearing which comprises inner and outer rings or annular or tubular
pieces and balls arranged in annular channels or cavities between the same, and
wherein the parts are so constructed and combined as to form a complete apparatus
ready for application to a shaft or other body in or upon which it is to be used.
Fourth. A bali-bearing which comprises balls for resisting or supporting thrust or
end-pressure and balls for resisting or supporting radial pressure, and wherein the
series or groups of balls for resisting thrust or end-pressure are situated between the
series or groups of balls for resisting or supporting radial pressure, for the purposes
above specified.
Fifth. In a ball-bearing, the combination, with the tubular piece or sleeve having
the circumferential rib or collar and the rings or annular or tubular pieces arranged
on each side of the said rib or collar, of the screws passed through one or more of the
said rings and screwed into another of the same, substantially as, and for the purposes,
above specified.
Sixth. In a ball-bearing, the combination, with the rotating or the non-rotating
body, of two rings or annular pieces having suitable notches or recesses and
secured thereon by means of a transverse key, which is fitted in a groove therein,
and with which the notched rings or annular pieces are held in engagement by
screws or otherwise, substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Seventh. A ball-bearing wherein the balls are arranged in circular series or groups
B

page_text: of different diameters and in different planes between concentric and plane surfaces
formed on inner and outer rings or annular or tubular pieces (with or without means
for adjusting the said rings or tubular pieces relatively to each other), substantially as,
and for the purposes, above specified.
Eighth. The modification of my invention wherein I employ a tubular piece or
sleeve having two circumferential ribs or collars each provided with a plane bearing
surface for the balls for resisting thrust or end-pressure, and having between the said
collars an annular recess or cavity for the balls for resisting or supporting radial
pressure, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Ninth. The modification of my invention wherein arrange between a tubular
piece or sleeve and two rings or annular or tubular pieces concentric therewith, two
series or groups of balls for resisting or supporting thrust or end-pressure and two or
more series or groups of balls for resisting or supporting radial pressure, substantially
as herein before described.
Tenth. In a ball-bearing, the combination, with the tubular piece or sleeve, the
rings or annular pieces concentric therewith and the balls arranged between the same,
of a screw-cap or cover for closing one end of the bearing and a complete or a
divided screw-threaded ring or annular piece for closing the other end thereof (with
or without the screw-threaded rings for retaining the balls in place when the said cap
or cover and ring are removed), substantially as, and for the purposes, above
specified.
Eleventh. The modification of my invention wherein I construct the said bearings
in such a manner as to allow of the insertion of a washer of leather or other suitable
material between the inner end of the bearing and a collar or shoulder on the shaft or
axle, substantially as, and for the purposes, herein before described.
Twelfth. The improved bearings constructed substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in any of the accompanying drawings for the purposes above
specified.
ted this 21st day or
gust 1890.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.