IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXING OR COMBINING AND DEODORIZING OIL MADE PROM GAS TAR AND OTHER OILS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Cowper, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXING OR COMBINING AND DEODORIZING
OIL MADE PROM GAS TAR AND OTHER OILS."-A communication from abroad
he George Wagstaff Yann. residing at Paris, in France.
Sealed the 24th February 1860, and dated the 27th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1859.
I, CHARLES COWPER, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MIXING OR COMBINING AND DEODORIZING
OIL MADE FROM GAS TAR AND OTHER OILS," to be as follows:-
The object is the mixing or combining of oil of gas tar with rosin oil and
other animal, mineral, and vegetable oils singly or in combination, so as to free
the mixture from any disagreable smell possessed by any one or more of the
ingredients. For this purpose the mixed oils are heated in a steam boiler or
other vessel capable of bearing a pressure of 120 pounds on the square inch,
or thereabouts, until they attain the temperature of 260° Fahrenheit, or more

page_text: or less, according to the nature of the oils. When this point has been attained
superheated steam, or steam at a high temperature, or red heat is introduced
into the mixed oils, until their temperature is raised to 400° Fahrenheit, or
more or less, according to the nature of the oils.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Cowper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
COWPER, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Cowper, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Cowper, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Charles Cowper, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MIXING OR COMBINING AND DEODORIZING OIL MADE FROM GAS TAR AND
OTHER OILS," communicated to me from abroad by George Wagstaff Yapp,
residing at Paris, in France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Cowper, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or. their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Cowper, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object is the mixing. or combining of oil of gas tar with rosin oil and
other animal, mineral, and vegetable oils, singly or in combination, so as to

page_text: free the mixture from any disagreeable smell possessed by any one or more of.
the ingredients. For this purpose the mixed oils are heated in a steam boiler.
or other vessel capable of bearing a pressure of 120 pounds on the square. inch,
or thereabouts, until they attain the temperature of 260° Fabrenheit, or more
or less, according to the nature of the oils. When this point has been attained
superheated steam, or steam at a high temperature or red heat, is introduced
into the mixed oils, until their temperature is raised to 400° Fahrenheit, or
more or less, according to the nature of the oils.
The duration of the operation varies with the nature and quantity of the
oils and the temperature of the steam and the purpose to which the resulting
mixed or combined and deodorized oil is to be applied.
By way of example, I will describe the mode of operating upon a mixture
of one hundredweight of the heavy oil of tar or "dead oil," and fourteen
hundredweight of the oil distilled from rosin. The rosin oil is placed in the
still or boiler, and heated to two hundred and sixty degrees of Fahrenheit's
thermometer, either by steam in a jacket or by a fire under the still or boiler,
or otherwise. At the above degree of heat, one hundredweight of tar oil is
added, and the mixed oils are then subjected to a further degree of heat of one
hundred degrees, thus raising the temperature to about three hundred and
sixty degrees Fahrenheit, by the introduction of superheated steam at a high
temperature or red heat.
At this temperature, and while attaining this
additional heat, the rosin oil becomes thoroughly incorporated with the tar or
heavy oil, and is thus made to give off the whole or the greater part of the
offensive odour belonging to those oils; and at the same time the mixed oils
become freed from the acid or other offensive volatile matters they are so largely
charged with, in which state the oils are peculiarly fitted for varnish making
purposes. It usually takes about ten hours to produce the result required,
during the whole of which time the steam is kept at a temperature equal to
that of a red heat, and allowed in that state to enter the mixed oils through a
ring of jets at the bottom of the still. For many purposes the oil as it leaves
the still is at once fit for use, but when the oil is required for the pale kinds of
varnishes, it is subjected to the same process of refining as linseed oil, by
mixing it thoroughly with a small quantity of sulphuric acid diluted with
water, and then passing in ordinary steam to wash out the acid, and allowing
the whole to subside, which process is so well known that it is not necessary to
describe it farther.
The vapours which pass off from the mixed oil are condensed in a worm or
condenser, and yield a light oil, which, being largely charged with spirit, or
volatile hydrocarbons, is very valuable for the making of lamp black. The use

page_text: of condensers or worm tubs of considerable extent is desirable, not only for the
economical condensation of the vapours, but also to prevent annoyance arising
from the escape of the same into the atmosphere.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as
the Invention intended to be secured by the aforesaid Letters Patent is, the.
mixing oil of gas tar with rosin oil or other animal, mineral, or vegetable
oils, either singly or in combination, and then treating such mixture in a close:
vessel with superheated steam, so as to thoroughly mix or, combine and
deodorize the same in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Cowper, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.