matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED APPARATUS AND PROCESS FOR SEPARATING SILVER AND OTHER PRECIOUS METALS FROM LEAD."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank William Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1877. A communication
from abroad by Asahel Knowlton Eaton, of Brooklyn, State of New York,
United States of America.
"
FRANK WILLIAM HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVED APPARATUS
AND PROCESS FOR SEPARATING SILVER AND OTHER PRECIOUS METALS FROM LEAD."
A communication from abroad by Asahel Knowlton Eaton, of Brooklyn, State of
New York, United States of America.
The apparatus consists of a cast-iron bowl or bath which is heated by a furnace,
is mounted upon a vertical shaft, and is rotated or driven by any convenient means,
the bowl or bath being surrounded by an annular trough to receive the lead when
discharged therefrom by centrifugal force. A receptacle or kettle is provided for
the reception and removal of the lead from the trough. The process consists in
thus centrifugally driving off or separating the lead, and for this purpose, or as
assistant thereto, to the alloying the silver-bearing lead or metal with (say) from
one to two per cent. of zinc, or some convenient equivalent. On motion being
given to the combined mass of metal properly heated in the bowl or bath, the
centrifugal force will tend to separate the silver from the lead by causing the latter
to overflow from the edges of the bowl or bath into the annular trough, the per-
sistent and lighter alloy not responding so readily to the centrifugal action, but
remaining in a concentrated condition in the bowl.
If gold be present as well as silver, it is better to allow the metal to cool down
and form a crust before starting the centrifugal action.
It is considered proper that the bowl or bath should have a parabolic form, but
such form is not essential.
PROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SEWERS OR REMOVING NOXIOUS GASES THEREFROM
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Greenhill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1877.
"IM-
WILLIAM GREENHILL, of Hampton Court, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SEWERS OR REMOVING NOXIOUS GASES THEREFROM."
This Invention has for its object improvements in ventilating sewers or removing
noxious gases therefrom. For this purpose I connect with the sewer a rising pipe
terminating above ground in a post or upright, at the top of which there is a fire-
basket charged with asbestos or other refractory material. Gas from the gas mains
is also laid on to the fire-basket, and is burnt therein so as to heat to a red heat the
asbestos or other material with which the fire-basket is charged. The sewer gases
ascending through the post or upright pass amongst the heated contents of the
fire-basket, and so escape freely after having, by the heat, been thoroughly deprived
of their noxious qualities.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC EYELETS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1877. A communication
from abroad by James Whitehead and James Butterworth, both of Cranston,
Rhode Island, United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC EYELETS." [A communication from abroad by James Whitehead and
James Butterworth, both of Cranston, Rhode Island, United States of America.]
Heretofore eyelets have been made by drawing out the stock into a cup-shape, then
cutting out the bottom, and finally cutting out from the stock the eyelets thus
formed. By this process it will be observed that the cup must be drawn out to be
of the same length as the eyelet itself, and also that the disc or planchet of metal
cut from the bottom of the cup is wasted.
My improved process or method of manufacture is more especially designed for
the production of notched or serrated eyelets. It effects a great saving in stock,
because, first, the cup is not drawn out to so great a length as by ordinary processes;
and, secondly, the bottom of the cup is not cut out at all, but wholly utilized to
form the prongs or points of the eyelets, thereby saving all the waste now incurred
in this respect.
I strike up my cups about two-thirds of the usual length; then the bottom of
the cup is partially cut through, forming transverse lines crossing each other at the
centre in a star-shaped figure.
In the next operation the centre of the cup bottom is pierced, and the metal is
divided, and spreads apart and outwardly to form a continuation of the body of the
eyelet, and the notches or serrations. The eyelet thus formed is then cut out and
cleared from the stock in the usual manner.
MACHINES FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fraser at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1877.
•
JOHN FRASER, of Peterhead, in the County of Aberdeen.
MACHINES FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in machines for distributing
manure.
The breaking and distributing of the manure is effected by a cylinder with
projecting spuds working in the manure hopper, between and over spikes which rise
and fall through a bed plate beneath the cylinder,
The spuds in the cylinder project to their full length below, and after discharging
the manure withdraw into the cylinder.
The spikes between which these spuds pass are placed in two rows, each row
rising and falling, to allow the cylinder spuds to pass between and over them
alternately, thus preventing any lodgment of the manure on the bed plate.
The spuds clean themselves in withdrawing into the cylinder, to the surface of
which a scraper also is applied.
The spikes between which the spuds pass in withdrawing below the level of the
bed plate clear themselves and allow the cylinder spuds to clear the whole surface
of the bed plate.
The machine is mounted upon carrying wheels, and from these wheels the moving
parts are driven.
IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO WASHING AND WRINGING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Joseph Bird at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1877.
FREDERICK JOSEPH BIRD, of Kingsland, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO WASHING AND WRINGING MACHINES."
In the ordinary arrangements of washing machines it has been found that the
rollers as hitherto used are such as will not accomplish the work required by
washing the articles or clothes with sufficient efficiency. Various arrangements
have been devised, such as using a number of small rollers, driven by a handle, but
this in practice has not been found to answer satisfactorily.
Now my Invention is mainly as follows:-A tray or tub is mounted on suitable
legs, or otherwise. At the sides, and attached to the same, I mount and secure a
framing, such framing being so formed that same does not in any way interfere
with the internal dimensions of the tub or tray. Between the framing, and running
longitudinally across the tub or tray, I arrange corrugated rollers, such rollers
terminating in spindles, which are inserted in suitable openings in bearings which
are placed in the framing before described. Below these corrugated rollers I have
a large or main roller (also corrugated), the spindle of which passes through the
sides of the tub or tray and framing thereof, and at one side a handle is fitted.
The action of these arrangements is as follows:-The handle being turned causes
the clothes to pass between the main corrugated roller and the smaller corrugated
rollers, the action of the rollers on the clothes being such that by means of the
corrugations the articles passing between same are effectually cleansed. The upper
smaller corrugated rollers with their bearings are, by means of the framing before
described, allowed sufficient play to admit of various thicknesses of clothes passing
between the rollers, the amount of such play being in most cases regulated by
screws, springs, or other means.
The wringing portion of the arrangements I arrange at one end of the tub or
tray, the wringer being mounted on a framing, such framing carrying two rollers;
and to give the required pressure against the upper roller is placed material to press
upon the rollers, and yet to allow for the pressure, springs are used, which act upon

page_text: same, so that the wringer may work automatically. The rollers are driven in the
usual way by winch handle.
I can, if necessary, fit to the washer before described any suitable wringing
machine, but I prefer those termed automatic wringers, which are arranged with
springs to act upon the rollers of same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATCH BOXES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Max Hesse at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 7th April 1877. (A communication from abroad
by Julius Marx and Isaac Heine, both of Leipsig, Saxony).
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATCH BOXES." (A communication from abroad by Julius
Marx and Isaac Heine, both of Leipsig, Saxony).
MAX HESSE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
This Invention relates to the construction of boxes (adapted for the waistcoat
pocket) for the purpose of containing ordinary lucifer or other wooden matches, the
boxes being so constructed that a match can be at any time withdrawn without
opening the lid and without the liability of any of the others falling out of the
open box.
The box is made of ebonite or other suitable material, being by preference about
two and a half inches long by one and a half wide, and three-eights of an inch
deep. At one end is a spring lid, through which the matches are placed in the box.
One of the longer edges of the box is made rough for striking the matches against.
The opposite edge is rounded and slit from end to end, the width of the slit not
being sufficient for a match to fall through. The sides of the box, however, are
made so as to spring slightly, and a notch is cut out by means of which the matches
in the box can be seized by the finger and thumb, and pulled out sideways one by
one through the slit, the sides of the box giving way to allow each one to pass, but
One end of the
closing again immediately to prevent any others from falling out.
"
box may be also provided with a prepared phosphorus slab for such matches as "light
only on the box,
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CLOSING VALVES OR WASTE WATER PREVENTERS FOR GENERAL USES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Lezius and Hermann Zabel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1877.
HEINRICH LEZIUS and HERMANN ZABEL, both residing at Breslaw, in the King-
dom of Prussia and Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-CLOSING VALVES
OR WASTE WATER PREVENTERS FOR GENERAL USES."
This Invention relates to improvements in self-closing valves or waste water
preventers for general uses, and consists in placing or affixing a free valve within
the body of a tap that it may be lifted from its seat by pressure. of water acting
against it, after a pressure has been removed from the back of it, by the removal of
a small valve which is fitted in a chamber or passage leading from the back to the
outlet, the valve being again free to close its passage on the small valve returning
to its seating, which return may be effected by hand or by a weight, as desired.
The closing and the pressure on the back of the valve is governed by a passage
leading to it from the main supply, an adjustable key being fitted to regulate and
determine the length of time that may elapse between the closing of the small valve
and the closing of the free valve.
AN IMPROVED FURNACE FOR HEATING AIR SUITABLE FOR DRYING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Nast at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th December 1877.
WILLIAM FREDERICK NAST, of Saint Louis (Missouri) United States of America,
Gentleman. "AN IMPROVED FURNACE FOR HEATING AIR SUITABLE FOR DRYING
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to a construction and arrangement of furnace for heating
air to a high temperature so that it may be employed for drying purposes, the
object which I have in view being to utilise heat as much as possible, and so to
economisc fuel. For this purpose I arrange four fine-grates in the lower part of a brick
structure, and above these I provide a space within the walls, which space I divide
by vertical partitions into four compartiments. A flue from each of the fire-places
opens into one of these compartments. By a series of floors I divide the said
compartments into successive storeys one above the other, and I stop each of these
floors short at some distance from each end of the chainber alternately, so as to give
passage upwards for the products of combustion which thus are made to flow from
the fires in a zig-zag direction along the successive storeys of flues to a chimney at
the top In each of the flues thus formed I lay an earthenware or refractory pipe,
and I connect the pipe lying in the one storey of flue with that in the next below
by a bend which passes through the opening above mentioned from flue to flue.
By means of a fan or other suitable instrument I force into the uppermost series
of pipes air, which flowing along the successive storeys of pipes in a direction
opposite to that of the products of combustion, along the exterior surfaces of the
pipes, and thus becoming more and more heated in its course, finally issues by a
pipe or channel from the lowest of the flue pipes. By this arrangement the
products of combustion in their course through the flues come in contact with
colder and colder portions of the pipes, and before they issue by the chimney have
the greater portion of their heat thereby abstracted from them. Although I have
above described a construction suitable for four fires as a convenient arrangement
for structural purposes, it is obvious that a similiar arrangement is applicable with
another number of fires and a corrresponding number of flue compartments.
IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR ENGINES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Lupton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1877.
«
ARNOLD LUPTON, of Bagillt, in the County of Flint, North Wales. IMPROVED
GOVERNOR FOR ENGINES."
The use of this governor is to keep an engine which is compressing air at work
at the speed necessary to keep the air in the receiver or pipes at a uniform pressure,
so that the speed of the engine is increased or diminished as the work required of it
increases or diminishes, without any attention from an engine driver.
The governor or apparatus is constructed substantially as follows:-There is a
cylinder provided with a piston and rod fitted on the receiver or pipe holding the
compressed air; the top of this cylinder is open, and the piston is raised by the
pressure of the air below. The connecting rod is attached to a crank or adjustment
wheel. To this crank or adjustment wheel, or from another crank or adjustment
wheel on the same shaft, there is attached a rod, which is attached to one end of a
bell crank lever on the throttle valve of the steam engine. There is also a lever
attached to the shaft that carries the cranks or adjustment wheels or wheel, and at
the end of this lever is a weight, which can be adjusted to balance any required.
pressure acting on the piston.
The action is as follows:-When the pressure in the receiver rises it lifts the
lever attached to the crank shaft, and moves the first mentioned rod, which closes
the throttle valve, and by adjusting the positions of the connecting rod and the rod
on the adjustinent wheel or wheels, and the amount and position of weight on the
lever attached to the crank shaft, the throttle valve will be completely closed when
the maximum pressure allowed has been reached in the receiver, and when the..
pressure falls below the maximum the weight on the lever attached to the crank
shaft forces down the piston, and through the lever on the adjustment wheel or
wheels opens the throttle valve.
In case there should be an accidental escape of air, and the pressure should fall
very low indeed, or to the atmospheric pressure, an engine without this governor
would continue working (perhaps at a destructive speed) until stopped by human
agency. My governor is intended to act as follows in such a case:
The weight on

page_text: the end of the lever attached to the crank shaft forces down the piston, and pushes
the curved end of the rod on the adjustment wheel against a roller above the throttle
valve, by which the lever is lifted up, and the leg of the bell-crank on the throttle
valve spindle is set free; then the weight of the other leg of the bell-crank falls and
closes the throttle valve.
If desired springs may be used in place of the weight on the end of the lever
attached to the crank shaft, but I prefer to use a weight, as before described.
This Invention may be applied to blast engines for smelting furnaces, and to
engines for compressing ether, ammonia, or other gases.
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Warren William De la Rue and
William Thomas Shaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
9th January 1877.
WARREN WILLIAM DE LA RUE and WILLIAM THOMAS SHAW, both of 110, Bunhill
Row, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAYING CARDS."
These improvements consist in making the pip which falls in the top and bottom
corners of the cards an index to the value or rank of the card in the suit to which
it belongs. This we effect by means of a figure, sign, or character in the body of the
pip itself; and in order that the twos and threes of each suit may exhibit a pip
thus distinguished at the corners of the cards, we place the pips composing the twos
and threes on a line forming a diagonal on the card instead of on a central vertical
line as in ordinary cards.
In the case of the aces in each suit we effect the same object by placing skeleton
or outline pips in the corners of the cards.
By these our improvements we greatly facilitate the sorting of the cards into an
orderly arrangement into their several suits, and when held in the hand for play
the value of the cards can be readily seen although they are only exposed or "fanned
out" to the width of a pip on each card.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1877.
STEPHEN WALKER, Aërated Water Manufacturer, of Shipley, near Bradford, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in roller skates, and the improve-
ments relate to improved means whereby a person is enabled to turn curves or
parts of curves either right or left, as desired, without necessitating the tilting or
rocking of the back rollers as hitherto required. For this purpose I fit the back
rollers in a bracket secured to the under side of the foot plate; the bottom part of
the bracket is formed with a socket in which is secured the spindle of the rollers;
the bracket and rollers have no rocking or sideway movement.
Under the front part of the foot plate I fit a guide roller, so constructed that it
allows of turning curves or performing any evolutions; the guide roller may be a
spherical ball made of glass, metal, or wood, and works in a hollow bearer, being
free to revolve in any direction; or the ball may be made with two sides; faced
and having a spindle passed through it on which the ball turns; in this case the
ball may be made a little longer in width than in height.
The recessed bearer for the spherical ball is formed with a flat top, and the
bearer of the ball has a spindle with lugs, and is also formed with a similar flat top
piece; on this top piece is formed or fitted a ring on which, or over which, is a
stud; the bracket and guide roller turn or move on this stud; the ring fits on
another ring fitted in and under the foot plate, allowing the guide roller to work
freely in any required direction; the bearer is secured to the foot plate by a small
nut or any other suitable means. On the top piece of the bearer of the guide roller
is formed an arm projecting towards the back rollers and forked downwards, the
bottom end projecting towards the back rollers and near the centre line of the ball;
in this projecting piece is made a slot hole, and on the end of this projecting piece
is fitted a pin, over which is passed an india-rubber spring, which is fastened at the
other end under the foot plate, preventing a too free action of the guide roller. In
the slot hole works a stud, made to pass freely through the foot plate, and which is
fixed to a rocking cross piece, on which the sole of the foot rests; the ends of the cross
מ.
•

page_text: piece are made with slot holes, through which is passed a strap to secure the front
part of the skate to the foot.
The natural movement of the skater causes the cross piece to move in any
desired direction, either right or left, turning the guide roller, and allowing the
performance of any desired evolution.
The back rollers may be made in the usual manner, or of spherical balls, or balls
working on a spindle, and two guide roller balls may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION OR SELF-MOVING ENGINES OR OTHER SELF-MOVING CARRIAGES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fisken at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1877.
WILLIAM FISKEN, of Stamfordham, in the County of Northumberland, Pres-
byterian Minister. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION OR SELF-MOVING ENGINES OR
OTHER SELF-MOVING CARRIAGES."
The means generally employed to transmit motive power from the crank or first
motion shaft of a traction engine or self-moving carriage to the driving wheels of
the same consists of a set or sets of spur wheels gearing into a similar wheel keyed
on the axle of the driving wheels. This method of transmission is not only costly
from the loss of power due to the friction of the working parts, but the wear and
tear of the said parts require repeated attention and repairs. To remedy these
defects is the object of my Invention, for which purpose I would have a toothed or
ratchet wheel keyed upon the axle of the driving wheels of the traction engine or
self-moving carriage. Upon the same axle and embracing the said ratchet wheel
are placed two forked levers diametrically opposite each other, the axle of the said
driving wheels being their common fulcrum, and upon which they rock when a
rocking motion is conveyed to them by means of two longitudinal bars or eccentric
rods connecting their extremities with a crank or eccentric on the crank shaft of the
said engine, thus a rocking motion is imparted to the aforesaid rocking levers, which
by means of pawls or other suitable means acting upon the above mentioned
ratchet wheel is converted into a continuous circular motion, and transmitted
through the axle to the driving wheels of the traction engine or self-moving
carriage.
Means are provided for reversing this continuous circular motion; this may be
accomplished without reversing the motion of the steam piston by having to each
rocking lever a double pawl, the appropriate engagement of which with the said
ratchet wheel shall determine the direction of the circular motion of the same.
Each double pawl is controlled or brought into proper action by pulling over in the
desired direction a reversing lever to which the pawls are suitably connected by
rods and springs. This reversing lever may be secured to one of the longitudinal
bars and conveniently placed for easy access.
The double pawls may be made to rock on their fulcrums by means of eccentric

page_text: rods suitably connected from eccentrics on the crank shaft; by this means the pawls
will be free from the ratchet wheel during the return of the rocking lever, and will
be brought into use only when about to engage with the teeth of the said ratchet
wheel. This arrangement will avoid the use of springs to keep the pawls up to
their work, and the consequent clatter due to the travelling of the pawls over the
teeth of the ratchet wheel.
Where it is necessary that the driving wheels of the traction engine should
revolve independently of each other a duplicate of my Invention may be provided.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REELS OR SWIFTS FOR WINDING YARNS OR THREADS INTO HANKS
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Stubbs at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1877. Partly a communication
from abroad by William Grover, of Holyoke, in the United States of America.
JOSEPH STUBBS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REELS OR SWIFTS FOR WINDING YARNS OR THREADS INTO
HANKS." Partly a communication from abroad by William Grover, of Holyoke,
in the United States of America.
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of enabling the attendant to remove
the hank when a desired length has been wound, for which purpose the revolving
part is mounted in bearings, which can be raised from their supports by lifting the
said revolving part bodily, and then one end thereof is left free for the hank to be
stripped off by turning the support on one side. To effect this a treadle or similar
apparatus is adapted, which on being brought into action brings a suitable part
against the revolving apparatus and raises it together with the bearings which have
been carried by the end frames; the off side of such end frames is then turned
away, and while the revolving part is upheld by a suitable catch the attendant
strips off the finished hank, the loosening thereof being effected in the usual
manner.
But another part of the Invention consists in a method of effecting the said
loosening. For this purpose I mount two of the ribs upon joints, so as to enable
them to move towards each other, but they are kept apart during the winding by
an S formed bar, capable of being turned concentric with the shaft, and when so
turned the said ribs are capable of collapsing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR STOPPERING BOTTLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Rocke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1877.
WILLIAM HENRY ROCKE, of Melbourne, Australia, at present residing in the City
of London, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR
STOPPERING BOTTLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in stoppering bottles, more especially
applicable to those containing soda water or other aërated beverages, for the purpose
of obtaining in a simple manner the combined advantages of cleanliness, ease of
and in opening the bottles with safety, and economy in manufacture.
This Invention consists of a novel arrangement and combination of parts, and in
so constructing the stoppers that they shall always remain attached to the bottle,
and by connecting the wire stopper and other parts together and to the bottle
permanently much labor is saved, and the liquor prevented from escape, and the
contents of the bottles will be easily discharged.
The stopper consists of a washer or cap, the under side of which is lined with
india-rubber or other suitable material. To the top of the cap there is firmly
secured a plate furnished with two lugs; between these two lugs is fitted the upper
portion of a cam or bent lever, the lower portion of which rests on a guard which
passes half round the neck of the bottle, leaving two end pieces or studs to act as
pivots on which the bridge piece rests.
The before-mentioned bridge piece is made of stout wire, the ends being bent into
the shape of a loop or hook, into which the two end pieces or studs work, and passes
over the top of the bottle through a hole in the cam lever; round the other half of
the neck of the bottle is attached another piece of wire which is fastened on to
the said end pieces or studs.
When the bottle is to be opened the stopper is released by simply raising the
lower end of the cam lever, when the contents will flow out without interruption,
as by the action of the apparatus immediately the lever is released the stopper and
all the parts fall over on to the neck of the bottle.
The bottle is closed by bringing the stopper, and with it the bridge piece and cam
lever over the mouth of the bottle, and forcing down the aforesaid cam lever on to
c.

page_text: the guard; the india-rubber part of the stopper will be forcibly pressed into the
mouth of the bottle and securely held in that position until released as before
mentioned.
Another advantage of this Invention is that it can be applied to old stock bottles
and can be made of any size.
OTHER SIMILAR ARTIC
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1877.
JACOB BROWN, of the City of Manchester.
BAGS, SAMPLE CASES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING
This Invention relates, first, to a novel method of strengthening the metallic
frame of travelling bags and other similar articles, whereby the same shall be less
liable to bend or spring open at the ends, and consists either in forming such frame-
work of metallic tubing, or sections of tubing, or in rivetting or otherwise securing
a length of tubing to the side of the ordinary flat metal of which such framework
is constructed. I am thus enabled to construct a much stronger framework than
has hitherto been practicable, and by the further application of a stud on the inside
of each end of such framework I render it practically impossible to spring or force
open such frame at the ends.
>>
This Invention further relates to a novel method of strengthening the handles
and securing the same to the frames of travelling bags and other similar articles.
For this purpose the portion of leather known as the "rush
or " filling" of
leather handles is utilized for strengthening such handles by being strongly rivetted
at either end to a metal clip embracing the ring of the handle plate, or to a metallic
clip passing entirely through the handle, and the handle plate itself is so formed
that it may be rivetted both to the cap and side of the framework, whereby great
strength is obtained.
And I sometimes dispense with one handle entirely by using handle plates with
projections or hooks on one side, which enter metallic loops or eyes on the other
side of the frame, and thus I balance and support the bag with one handle.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VERMIN TRAPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Notcutt and George Scopes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1877.
ALFRED NOTCUTT, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Ironmonger, and GEORGE
SCOPES, of Needham Market, in the County of Suffolk, Wireworker. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VERMIN TRAPS."
In vermin traps as hitherto constructed it has been usual to make the opening
for the entrance of the animal in various parts of the trap, sometimes at the ends
and sometimes at the sides, but in all cases the mechanism employed or springing
the trap offered more or less hindrance to the passage of the animal, and in the case
of shy animals acted as a scare and prevented their entrance altogether. Now in our
improvements wo so arrange the trap that the animal can see a clear passage quite
through it, the only apparent obstacle being the bait at one sido near the middle of
the length; when used as an unbaited trap there is no obstacle whatever.
We construct our improved traps of wood or metal in the form of a trough,
square in section, and covered over for a portion of its length near the middle.
Close against each end of the cover is hinged a flap, and when these flaps are raised
up flush with the top of the trough, the trap appears like a square tube open at
both ends.
When the trap is set the flaps are both held up in this position by means of the
bent extremities of a wire hinged to the under side of the covered portion of the
trough. At the middle part of the wire is another bend projecting in the opposite
direction to the bent ends; this central bend comes above the top of the trap
through slots, and when the trap is set, is hooked to a trigger, which descends into
the tube or trough near to one of its sides. Near the centre of the tube or
trough is a metal plate turning on a hinge at the same side of the tube as the
trigger. When the trap is set this plate is parallel with the bottom of the tube and
a short distance above it.
Any animal passing through the tube must bear with a portion of its weight
upon the plate, and in so doing springs the trap. The plate is for this purpose bent
up at the side, which is hinged to the tube, and this bent up portion bears against
the back of the trigger before mentioned, which is shaped like a hook or otherwise
to receive the bait.

page_text: When the trap is sprung the two flaps fall simultaneously with their ends to the
bottom of the trough, and are at once locked in that position by hinged struts,
which fall at the same instant into a position perpendicular to the flaps. Also, when
the trap is sprung the central bend in the wire or rod forms a handle by which the
trap may be carried.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR COATING SHEET IRON WITH TIN OR LEAD, OR ALLOYS OF TIN OR LEAD
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Heathfield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1877.
RICHARD HEATHFIELD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR
COATING SHEET IRON WITH TIN OR LEAD, OR ALLOYS OF TIN OR LEAD."
In the ordinary method of coating sheets of iron with metals and metallic alloys,
fusible at or below a red heat, the sheets, after having been properly cleaned, are
passed through a bath of melted metal or alloy, each sheet being either guided to
and passed between plain rolls or dipped without the use of rolls, as is well under-
stood. The coated sheet, after passing from between the rolls or under the bar, is
guided to the surface of the bath, where it is taken hold of and removed by the
tongs of the workinan.
My Invention has reference to the coating of sheet iron with tin or lead, or alloys
of tin or lead, and consists in placing an additional pair of rolls in the bath of
melted metal in the path of the sheet as it passes from the principal or ordinary
rolls, whereby the coating of the sheet is much improved. The axes of the additional
pair of rolls are situated in a plane at or nearly at right angles to the plane of the
ordinary rolls used in coating iron, the said additional rolls being situated at such
a level that the coated sheet is operated upon by them either just before or just
after it leaves the bath of melted metal.
Although in practice I have found that one additional pair of rolls is sufficient
for ordinary purposes, yet two or more additional pairs of rolls placed in a plane at
right angles, or nearly at right angles, to the plane of the ordinary rolls, may be
employed where it is deemed desirable.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REGULATING AND CHECKING THE FARES OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLING IN TRAM CARS, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lambert Butler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1877.
LAMBERT BUTLER, of Dundrum, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, Medical
Doctor. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REGULATING AND CHECKING THE FARES OF
PASSENGERS TRAVELLING IN TRAM CARS, OMNIBUSES, AND OTHER VEHICLES."
The object of my Invention is to enable the number of passengers travelling in
tram cars or omnibuses, and the fares paid by such passengers to the conductors of
such vehicles, to be readily checked; and to this end I use in combination apparatus
constructed as herein-after described.
I propose that the conductor of each vehicle should carry a small receptacle of
light material provided with an aperture or slot in its upper part, with a moveable
perforated or open-work part secured by a suitable lock, and with a shoulder strap
and a waist trap furnished with a locking arrangement, the whole so arranged that
the shoulder strap may be dropped over the head in the manner of an ordinary
shoulder strap, and the waist strap passed round the waist like a belt, and its
extremities locked together so that the said receptacle may not be removed
by the conductor after it has been secured to his person at the starting point of
the journey.
The key of the perforated or open-work moveable part is to be kept by the
superintendent at the starting point for each journey. In conjunction with this
apparatus I provide a rod or file, and a number of suitably pierced counters or
tokens, numbered progressively from one upwards, and so arranged that the counter-
numbered one will first present itself on the starting of each journey. Now on the
first passenger entering the vehicle the conductor slips off the first counter or token
from his file and presents it to said first passenger, and so on; to every passenger
entering the conductor presents a counter; thus, if thirty passengers enter the
vehicle, the conductor will have given off counters numbered from one to thirty,
and the next on his file will be numbered thirty-one. When the time arrives for
collecting the fares, each passenger, as the conductor moves round, drops his counter
in the aforesaid receptacle as he pays his fare. Thus for each fare paid a counter
will be received in the receptacle, and the superintendent upon opening said receptacle

page_text: at the end of the journey will perceive by the number of counters therein the
number of fares to be accounted for by the conductor.
Even though a passenger may omit to place his counter or token in the aforesaid
receptacle upon paying his fare, the conductor must nevertheless account for that
fare, since upon looking at his (the conductor's) file, it will be evident that the
missing counter was given off.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Rees and Frederick Richardson
Gledhill at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February
1877.
EDMUND REES and FREDERICK RICHARDSON GLEDHILL, both of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineers. " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
AND FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE EXPLOSION OF STEAM
BOILERS."
Our improvements in steam boilers consist,-
First. In making the top and bottom of the double back flue and the combustion
chamber with corrugations, the number of corrugations corresponding to the number
of rows of vertical conical tubes in the flue. By this means great strength is
obtained, and the flanges of the tubes are at all times kept square with the axis.
And, Secondly. In making pockets above and below the ordinary cylindrical
flues of steam boilers to deflect the products of combustion in passing through them,
and in applying conical or other tubes between the top of the lower pockets and
the top of the flue to carry off the steam.
Our improvement in furnaces consists in imparting an intermittent alternative
to-and-fro motion to the fire-bars, in order that the combustion of the fuel may be
more complete than when the bars are moved continuously, as now customary. We
obtain the intermittent motion by cams placed at right angles, or otherwise, on a
shaft; or the bars may be worked by projections on a disc. The speed of the cams
can be varied by change wheels.
Our improvements in apparatus for preventing the explosion of steam boilers
consist in an improved equilibrium valve, which may be combined with a float or
an alarum. The apparatus consists of a double inverted cup valve, resting upon a
double seating, fitting in a stand secured to the boiler. The steam is conveyed into
the space between-the-two-seatings, and-when-the valve is raised-the-steam-escapes
above and below. The point of the spindle of the weighted lever, or of the dead
weight, bears on the centre of the double valve; or an annular groove is made on

page_text: the outside of the equilibrium valve to receive a clip having projections to support
the dead weight; or a weighted lever may be connected to the clip. When an
equilibrium valve is combined with a float the spindle of the float lifts the equi-
librium valve when the water is too low; it also opens a small valve to allow steam
to escape, which steam sounds a whistle or other alarum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELBARROWS AND TRUCKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Toope at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1877.
CHARLES TOOPE, of the City County and State of New York, and at present of
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELBARROWS
AND TRUCKS."
56
This Invention consists in constructing wheelbarrows and hand trucks entirely.
of steel (except the hub of the wheel) as hereafter described. Wheelbarrows and
trucks so constructed combine the qualities of lightness, strength and durability in
the highest degree, and are therefore particularly adapted to resist the rough usage
to which such barrows and trucks are usually subjected.
According to this Invention, which is applicable to barrows or hand trucks used
for various purposes, the handles or shafts of the barrow are made of bars of
channel steel of n section, and the legs or feet of half oval steel, so shaped and
braced as to combine the greatest resistance with the least weight of material. The
body or dish of the barrow is made of one piece of sheet steel stamped up into the
usual form, with a bead formed entirely around the rim to give greater stiffness to
the body, which is secured to the handles or shafts by rivets or other suitable
fastenings. The wheel axle is stationary, the wheel revolving upon it. The axle
thus serves to brace the forward ends of the handles or shafts together, being
secured by screwing into nuts fixed in the hollow of the ☐ shaped handle or shafts,
for which purpose a screw thread is cut on the axle near each end. The rear ends
of the shafts are rounded to form the handles. Stay bars are employed to strengthen
the body or dish of the barrow as well as the legs.
The truck shafts are of section rounded up at the ends to form the handles.
The shafts are connected by cross bars, which, according to this Invention, are made
from a straight piece and flanged, the flange being deepest at the middle and
decreasing gradually towards either end where the bar terminates in flat pieces, by
which it is connected to the upper flange of the shafts.
Stay pieces are connected to the cross bars at a short distance from the ends, said

page_text: stay pieces being connected to the lower flange, the extremities of both the cross bars
and stay pieces being received within the hollow of the shafts, and secured by screw
bolts passing through tubular distance pieces placed between the cross bars and
stay pieces, whereby a very strong connection is made. The shafts are further'
strengthened by longitudinal plates applied externally.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Simpson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1877.
GEORGE SIMPSON, of the City and County of Bristol, Tea Broker. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NAILS, AND IN MACHINERY THEREFOR.
"
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of nails, including
ordinary sized nails, large nails or spikes, and the smaller varieties, known as brads,
tacks, and the like.
The object of the said Invention is the manufacture of nails which will have
greater tenacity or holding power than ordinary nails, and which are designed to
be used in place of such ordinary nails for all purposes wherein it is necessary
or desirable to have very secure, tight, and durable work in building or other
operations.
My Invention is carried into practise by forming the nails with notches or
serrations on one side or edge only. I am aware that it has already been proposed
to manufacture nails with notches or teeth on both sides, but these nails have been
found deficient in strength, and are practically, of very little use, but I have dis-
covered that by forming the said notches, teeth, or serrations, in one side or edge only
of the nail I obtain the great tenacity or holding power so much required without
impairing the strength or durability of the nails. And the holding power of my
improved nails is so great that nails much smaller than ordinary nails are sufficient
for a given class of work.
These improved nails will be very advantageous for laying down floors and other
carpentry in houses or other buildings, for cabinet making, for packing cases or
boxes, for carriage building, and the like. The large nails or spikes will serve in
the construction of large engineering and other works, for many purposes far better
than ordinary spikes, while the smaller varieties will be found very useful in the
manufacture of shoes, and for other purposes, where screws, screw pegs, and rivets
have hitherto been employed.
It will be understood that my improved nails are designed to be used only where
they are intended to remain permanently when driven, but as ordinary nails are

page_text: always readily obtainable, and may be supplied with these improved nails, the
difficulty of withdrawing the latter will not cause any inconvenience.
The machinery or apparatus used for the manufacture of my improved nails is
provided with suitable dies, stamps, or cutters for forming the nails in the manner
above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN CLEANSING TABLE KNIVES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1877.
JAMES OSBORN SPONG, of No. 28, King William Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR USE IN CLEANSING
TABLE KNIVES."
In apparatus for use in cleansing table knives, parts of the handles of such knives
are, during the action of the rotary rubbers on the blades, borne against external
handle stays or rests, and the action of these stays or rests in use tends to wear into
the ivory or other material of which the handles are formed; and various methods have
been resorted to with the object of reducing this evil, such as by the application to
such part of a lining of ivory, and also of wheels or roller surfaces, but hitherto
with only partial and temporary success; and the object of my Invention is to
remedy this evil by the application of a lining to such part of vulcanized or
prepared india-rubber, which, whilst it affords a sufficiently rigid holding for the
handle, is at the same time sufficiently elastic to prevent injury by the rubbing
action thereof on the material of which the handle composed.
In order to the india-rubber being available for this purpose, the lower part of
the stay or rest projects slightly so as to form a support for the lower ends of the
pieces of prepared rubber, and yet so as not to project so far forward as to bear
against the handle. These projecting parts also serve to guide the blade of the
knives into and from the grooves between the pairs of rubbers. These pieces of
rubber are also held in position by headed rivets or screws, the heads of which are
received into enlarged and shouldered holes provided for them in the casting or
moulding of these pieces of prepared rubber. These enlarged and shouldered holes
are in depth sufficient to prevent the heads of the rivets or screws for retaining
them in position from acting with the rubber on the handle; or these pieces of
prepared iudia-rubber may be retained in their proper positions by the aid of
cement, or wire, or other suitable holding means, and corresponding recessed
openings in the moulded or otherwise formed india-rubber. The form of these

page_text: elastic pieces may be varied. By these means a secure but elastic resistance to the
pressure is exerted by the outer ends of the stays or rests. When thus using the
prepared rubber in the rests in the form of rollers, I do so by the use of a spindle
or axle of metal or other suitable material to receive and support the rubber, which
I then generally form of two discs or wheels, one for each side of the groove.