CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BEATING, CLEANSING, AND CRUSHING VARIOUSANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
PARSONS, of West Lambrook, in the County of Somerset, Gentleman, and
RICHARD CLYBURN, of Uley, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Tenth day of July, in the seventh year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said George
Parsons and Richard Clyburn, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that we, the said George Parsons and Richard Clyburn, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as we, the said George
Parsons and Richard Clyburn, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the
Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, our Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BEATING, CLEANSING, AND CRUSHING
VARIOUS ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters
Patentis contained a proviso, obliging us, the said George Parsons and Richard
Clyburn, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us,particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our
said Luvention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause
the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited

page_text: Letters Patent, as in and by the saine, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Clyburn, on behalf of myself and of the said George Parsons,do hereby
declare that the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascertained in and bythe
following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):—
Our Invention of improvements in machinery for beating, cleansing, and
crushing various animal and vegetable substances, consist,-
Firstly,inpeculiararrangements andconstructionsofmachineryapplicableto
the beating and cleansing of wool, cotton, flax, silk, hair, and other fibrous
animal or vegetable substances that may be required to be opened and separated
from dust or other extraneous matters, the essential novel feature of which
machinery is the employment of conical rotating fans or beaters, such fans or
beaters being made to revolve within a conical case, and between which case
and the rotating fans or beaters, the wool, cotton, or other material intended
to be cleansed is introduced. And this machine under certain modifications
is also applicable to the purposes of beating or thrashing wheat, oats, pease,
beans, and other grain or seeds, and separating the straw, stalks, husks, and
other extraneous matters therefrom.
Secondly, our improvements consist in a peculiar apparatus designed for
cleansing or separating corn or other grain from chaff, inferior seeds, or other
matters required to be extracted therefrom; the novelty of this part of our
Invention being the employment of a rotary fan or blower of peculiar form
and construction, by which the air in this instance is caused to pass through
the machine in the direction of the axis of the fan, and the essential character
of such fan or blower consists in so forming the vanes thereof that they shall
be of greater radii on that side of the fan where the air is discharged than on
that side at which it is admitted.
Thirdly, our improvements consist in machinery applicable to the crushing
of oats, beans, malt, and other vegetable or animal substances which may be
required to be broken or crushed, the peculiar novel feature of which machi-
nery consists in the employment of a pair or several pairs of rollers having flutes
or grooves formed round their peripheries parallel to the ends of such rollers.
The first head of our Invention is shewn in Sheets 1, 2, and 3 of the accom-
panying Drawings. Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine complete,
aud adapted to the purposes of opening and cleansing wool, cotton, flax, hairs,
or other such substances; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, the outward cone

page_text: and its casing being drawn in section, the better to show the various parts of
the machine; Fig. 3 is a vertical section, taken in the line A, B. of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a similar section, taken in the line C, D, of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a
detached plan view of the outward conical casing; Fig. 6 is a similar detached
view of the conical fans or beaters, and Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the same;
and Fig. S is a partial side elevation of the machine, shewing the conical
casing with its cover, and the feeding and exit passages, in all of which Figures
similar letters and numbers denote the like parts. The form in which we
prefer making the rotatory conical fans or beaters, and their corresponding
conical case, when applied to the purposes ofcleaningwool, cotton, flax, hairs,
or other such substances, is that of a double cone, as shewn in the detached
views, Figs. 5 and 6, and the mode which we adopt in constructing them is as
follows: In forming the conical case, a series of rings of wood a, a, a, are
morticed into longitudinal ribs b, b, which ribs are held together by screw
bolts, as shown in the Drawing. There are also other longitudinal ribs
c, c, c, c, into which the rings a, a, a, a, project, in order to keep them
firmly in their proper position. To the inside of the rings a, a, a, are
nailed or otherwise attached sheets of wire gauze or perforated metal
d, d, d, d. The conical case is open for the admission of air at the smaller
end, but closed by means of a board e at the larger end thereof; at the.
smaller end is also formed an opening at E, for the purpose of introducing
the materials to be operated upon (seen best in Fig. 3), and at the larger
end another opening F, for the exit of the cleansed material. The conical
case thus constructed is shewn at Fig. 5. The conical revolving fans or
beaters consist of sheets of meatlf, f. f, placed upon rings f, f*, which
rings are mounted upon an axle g, g. The sheets of metal f, f, are turned
up from the peripheries of the rings f* f*, as at h, h, h, h, and behind the
parts so turned up are placed strips of wood i, i, i, i, and secured thereto by
means of screws. The casing constructed as above is placed upon the frame-
work k,k,k, k, to which it is securely attached in any convenient manner, and
closed in from the air at its lower part by boards 1, 4, as shewn in the Drawing,
Within the conical casing are then placed the rotatory conical fans or beaters
and we prefer that the axis thereof should be placed excentrically to the centre
of the conical case, as shown in the drawings. Motion is communicated to
the revolving fans from any suitable motive power by means of the strap m
and pulleyn. Upon the axle of the fans or beaters is also another pulley p,
provided with a strap, which passes around a revolving pulley q, upon the axle
of which latter pulley is a pinion r, which communicates motion to the rollers
s, s, t, t, and u, through the intervention of the train of wheels and pinions

page_text: shown in the Drawing. The roller u is mounted in bearings formed in a
sliding frame v, and around it is placed an endless travelling apron w, which
apron passes in like manner around another roller u*. The rollers s,s, and t, t
are mounted in slots formed in the sliding frame r, r, and the upper one of
each pair is pressed down upon the lower one by means of levers and weights
s*, s, t, t*, as shewn in the Drawings. To each side of the under part of the
frame v, v, a screw box a is attached, in which is placed a screw pin y, y, which
pin turns in a socket formed in the stationary framework. By this arrange-
ment, on turning the pins y, y, the sliding frame r, and with it the rollers s,s,
t, t, and u, u, together with the feed apron w, will be moved nearer to or
further from the conical rotating fans or beaters. At the end of the sliding
frame, is placed a serrated piece of metal, which is attached thereto, and
consequently movesbackwards or forwards therewith. Inorder to prevent the
dust and other extraneous matter from flying about, a cover 1, 1, is placed
around the upper part of the conical case, and attached at bottom to the
stationary framework. The wool, cotton, or othermaterial tobeoperated upon
is placed upon the endless apron w, w, which travelling, as before described
carries the material forward between the two pairs of feed rollers s, s, t, t, and
thusintroduces itbetweenthe rotating conical fans or beaters and their conical
case, in which situation it is beaten and driven forward in a spiral direction
to the larger ends of the cones, the increased centrifugal force produced by
the rotation of the conical fans or beaters, carrying it in this direction, such
revolution causing at the same time a strong current of air to prass through
the conical casing and drive the wool, cotton, or other material through the
aperture F into a chamber or other receptacle placed to receive it. The
material on first entering the machine is struck by the rotating fans or beaters
against the serrated piece of metal, which operation opens the hard locks and
renders it in a lighter state, to be subsequently acted upon by the further revo-
lution of the fans or beaters, during which the dirt or other heavy extraneous
matter is separated from the material under operation, and falls down through
the wire gauze d, d, d, of the conical case on to the floor beneath. The several
Figures in Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings show the above machine
modified, for the purpose of beating or thrashing and cleansing wheat, oats,
peas, beans, and other grain or seeds, and separating the straw stalks, husks,
and other extraneous matters therefrom. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the
machine complete; Fig. 10, a top view of the same; Fig. 11, a horizontal
section, taken intheline A, B, in Fig. 9; Fig. 12, avertical longitudinals ection,
taken in the line C, D, in Figs. 10 and 11; Fig. 13 an elevation looking at
the left-hand end of Fig. 12. The conical revolving fans or beaters are shown

page_text: detached from the machine in plan view at Fig. 14; and Fig. 15 is a similar
representation of the outward conical case; in all of which Figures similar
letters and numbers denote the like parts. The revolving fans or beaters are
mounted upon an axle g, and supported by rings f,f, and consist of the strips
of wood i, i, i, i, and metal flanges h, h, h, h, as before described. In this
instance, however, they are formed as a simple cone, instead of the double
conical shape of that first described. The conical case is in this instance con-
structed of metal rings a, a, at each end, and at the centre thereof, to which
metal rings a series of longitudinal bars d, d, d, d, are attached by means of
screw bolts, sufficient space being left between these bars to allow the corn or
other grain to drop through when beaten or thrashed from the straw or stalk.
A portion of the bars d, d, are removed at E, in order to form an opening for
the admission of the material to be operated upon, and it will be perceived that
the smaller end of the conical case is closed, but that an annular opening is left
at the larger end for the exit of the beater or thrashed straw or stalks. To the
rings a, a, a, is attached a metal cover 1, which cover is closed at both ends, and
has an opening formed in it at G, G, for the purpose of allowing the corn or
other grain which has been beaten from the straw or stalks to descend to any
required receptacle. The conical casing is attached by means of bolts to the
framework,,, of the machine, which framework is closed on its sides by
boarding. The feed board is shown at H, H, mounted upon the upper part of
the framework, extending to the inward edge of the conical case, as shown at
Fig 12. Motion is communicated to the conical fans or beaters by means of
a strap passing over the pulley », and it may be driven, as shown in the Draw-
ings, by another larger pulley, turned by manual labor or by steam or other
motive power. It will be perceived, by reference to the several Figures, that
the conical fans or beaters are,as before,also placed excentrically to the centre
of the conical case, but in this instance the line of eccentricity is about at right
angles to the line of direction at which the machine is fed. The corn or
other material to be beaten or thrashed is placed lengthways upon the
feed board H, H, when, on rotatory motion being communicated to the
machine, it will be whirled onward to the larger end in a spiral direc-
tion by the conical fans or beaters, and beaten or thrashed against the
bars d, d, of the conical casing, the straw or stalk leaving the machine
by the opening shown at I, I, the separated corn or other grain with a
portion of the chaff dropping between the bars d, d, on to the spout or
shute J, J, and from theuce is received in any required receptacle, during
which, the current of air generated by the revolution of the conical fans or
beaters proceeding in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 12, will carry forward

page_text: the chaff and other light loose material out at the back end of the machine, as
at K, at the same time also those seeds which are light or injured will be
carried by the current of air a short distance, and fall into the spout or
shute L, L, and be conveyed out at the side of the machine. If desired the
conical case may be constructed as shown at Figs. 16, 17, 18, in which
instance it is closed at both ends, and an aperture formed in the periphery
thereof at F, for the exit of the straw or stalks.
Figs. 19 and 20 represent another mode which may be adopted in construc-
ing the conical casing. In this instance a series of wooden rings a, a, a,
are held together by longitudinal strips b, b, b, through which are passed
a series of annular wires d, d, d, d, with spaces between for the escape
of the beaten or thrashed corn or other grain.
Although we have described certain particular modes of constructing our im-
proved beating and cleasing machines, yet it will be evident to all competent
persons that the same may be varied without departing from the principal
of our Invention; for instance, the conical fans or beaters may be increased or
decreased in number, and of various dimensions and proportions, constructed
of wood, iron, or other suitable material; they may also, instead of being
continuous, consist of pegs or spikes, and if thought desirable be arranged in
a spiral direction, provided the conical figure is retained. We would also
remark, with reference to the machine described as adapted for cleaning
wool, cotton, and such materials, that if it should be desired the feeding cloth
and rollers may be dispensed with, and the material may be placed upon an
inclined board, which shall conduct it between the revolving fans or beaters
and their conical case at the smaller end thereof, instead of at a portion of
their peripheries, as above described; or instead of this, the material may be
placed upon an inclined board and fed into the machine, in a similar situation
to that described with reference to the last-described machine, for the purposes
of beating or thrashing; also the material may, if desired, be introduced
between the revolving cone and its case at the smaller ends thereof.
The second head of our Invention, viz, the apparatus for cleansing or
separating corn or other grain from chaff, inferior seeds, or other matters
required to be extracted therefrom; is shewn in Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
of the accompanying Drawings; the improved form of fan which we employ
is shewn detached at Figs. 21 and 22; the former being a front elevation
thereof, and the latter a plan or horizontal view. It consists of a series of
vanes or wings a, a, a, a, supported by arms, which extend from an axle b, b,
to which axle, it will be perceived by inspecting Fig. 22, they are placed at
an angle; this angle may vary considerably, but we have found the purpose

page_text: answered best when it is at about 45. The vanes or wings a, a, a, a, are, it
will be perceived, formed parallel from their inward ends to the points c,c,c,c,
at which places they are curved, as shown at Fig. 21; in order that the vanes
or wings may be of increasing diameter from the points c, c, c, c, to their
extremities, the vanes or wings may be formed straight if desired, as shown by
the red line on one of them in Fig. 21, but we have found the curve shewn in
the Drawings to answer best. The arrangement of parts in conjunction with
which our improved fan or blower is to operate may be varied to a consider-
able extent; we have, however, in the Drawings above referred to, shewn an
arrangement which will be a general example.
Fig. 23 is a side elevation of a machine for cleansing or separating grain from
inferior seeds, or other extraneous matter, with our improved blower applied;
Fig. 24 is a longitudinal vertical section of the saine; Fig. 25, an end or front
view; and Fig. 26, a horizontal section, taken about the line A, B, in Fig. 24, in
allof which Figuressimilar letters and numbers of reference denotethelikeparts,
The framework of the machine is shewn at d, d, d, d, boarded in at the sides.
like an ordinary winnowing machine. Our improved fan or blower is shewn
at a, a, a, a, mounted upon its axle b, b, which turns in bushes c, c; the axle b
is provided with a small pulley fover which a driving strap passes, and from
thence around the drum g, on turning which, by means of the handle h, the
fan or blower is caused to revolve with considerable rapidity. It will be
perceived, by reference to the several Figures, that the fan or blower is
partially inclosed by the front framing of the machine, as at d*, do, such part
of the framing extending inwards to the commencement of the conical or
curved portions of the several vanes. On motion being communicated to the
fan or blower, as above described, or by any motive power, the air will be
caused to rush into the cased chamber of the machine in the direction of the
arrows in Fig. 24, and owing to the peculiar form of our fan or blower, a
much greater depth of blastis obtained than can be produced by the rotation
of those of the ordinary construction. In order to prevent a vacuum being
formed at the centre of the fan or blower, a channel A open to the atmosphere
and the interior of the machine at B (that part nearest the fan) is adapted.
To the top of the framing of the machine is attached a hopper /, at the
bottom of which is mounted a revolving feed roller /, which roller has grooves
formed in its periphery, as shewn in the Drawing; within the hopper is
also placed a sliding board m. capable of being raised or lowered by means
of the screw ; upon the axle of the feed roller is mounted a bevilled
wheel o, taking into a similar pinion, mounted upon a short auxiliary
shaft g. upon which shaft is also affixed a pulley r, around which a strap

page_text: is passed, and from thence around another pulley s, mounted upon the
shaft of the drum g; hence, on motion being communicated to the rotatory
fan or blower, the feed roller will be caused to revolve, and by means of
its grooves carry the seed and extraneous matter out of the hopper k,
and cause it to fall through the blast generated by the rotation of the fan or
blower, as above described. The seed and extraneous matter so falling will
be separated by the current of air (passing in the direction of the arrows)
according to the specific gravity of its several particles, and the mode which
we prefer for collecting such divisions is as follows:-Under the feed roller/
is placed a riddle t, formed with a woven wire bottom, in the ordinary way. At
each end of this riddle are pins u, u, which move to and fro within sockets
attached to the casing of the machine. Upon the axis of the drum g is mounted
an excentric u, which excentric is connected by means of a connecting rod vto
the vibrating lever w, which lever is affixed to a short shaft, turning in
suitable bearings; hence, by the revolution of the axle of the drum g. the
shaft is caused to rock backwards and forwards. To one end of the shaft
is attached a lever y, which lever is connected by means of a jointed rod to
one end of the riddle t, by which arrangement such riddle will have a
backward and forward motion communicated thereto. Under the riddle t
a box is formed, having an aperture 1 therein, and under this aperture
a spout or shute 2 is situated, which spout or shute is intended to convey the
seed which passes through the riddle ton to the inclined riddle or screen 3,3,
which spout is mounted upon a centre pin, and has a vibrating notion com-
municated thereto by the following means:-At the reverse end of the shaft.r
to the lever fy is affixed another lever 4, 4, which is connected by means of
a jointed rod to the spout or shute 3, hence, as the shaft vibrates by the means
before described, a reciprocating motion will be communicated thereto. The
action of the machine is as follows:-The corn or other seeds placed in the
hopper drop, as before described, through the blast, which is proceeding in
the direction of the arrows, and fall in their progress upon the riddle t, th
chaff, dust, and other light extraneous matter being separated therefrom and
carried away by the current of air through the end of the machine the corn
or other seeds then pass through the riddle t into the box or chamber, and
from thence through the aperture 1, between which and the spout 2 they again
meet a current of air generated by the blower; the heavier seed will then fall
through the spout 2 on to the vibrating spout 3, and from thence be conveyed
to any desired position. During the fall of the corn through the second
current of air a separation will take place between the inferior and better
sorts; those of the former class being lighter, will be carried by the blas

page_text: beyond the spout and fall into the channel 6, and from thence fall down the
spout 7 into any desired receptacle. It will be perceived that the riddle t, t,
is open at its sides to the current of air, which will consequently impinge upon
the seed as they lie thereon, and thus carry off the pugs or unthrashed ears,
which will then fall into the spout S, and pass out of the machine. The
upper parts of the sides of the spouts 7 and 8 are capable of turning upon
centre pius 9,9, into the positions shewn by dots in Fig. 24, so that, if desired,
the distance between the chambers 6 and 8 may be altered at pleasure, and
there are a series of holes 10, 10, 10, 10, formed in the side casings of the
machine, in which pins 11, 11, 11, are placed, in order to retain the jointed
pieces of the chambers in the required position.
The third head of our Invention, (viz.) the improved machine for crushing
oats, beans, malt, and other vegetable or animal substances, is shewn in
Sheets 5 and 6 of the accompanying Drawings. Our improved form of
crushing rollers is shewn detached from the machine in plan or horizontal
view at Fig. 27, and in vertical section at Fig. 28, and it will be perceived by
inspecting these Figures that the rollers a, b, have grooves formed in their
peripheries,the projections on the one extending into the spaces of the other.
The substance to be crushed is to be placed between this pair of rollers and
rotary motion communicated thereto, when the material to be crushed will be
drawn down between the grooves of the rollers, and the requisite crushing
effected. The modes in which a machine may be constructed with this
improved form of crushing rollers applied may be varied to a great extent;
we have, however, shewn in the Drawings above referred to the arrangement
which we prefer for carrying out our Invention.
Fig. 29 is a side view of a machine complete, and designed particularly
for crushing oats, beans, linseed or other seeds; Fig. 30, an end view of
the same, the hopper and casing being shewn in section; Fig. 31 is a
vertical longitudinal section; and Fig. 32, a plan or horizontal view.
The improved crushing rollers are shewn at a, b, mounted in bearings,
those of the larger one a being attached to the framework e, e, e, e, of the
machine; they are connected together by means of a toothed pinion c and
wheel d; the bearings f,f, of the smaller roller b is affixed to a V-shaped
sliding frame g,g, which sliding frame is capable of moving to and fro in guides
h,h,formed on the framework of the machine; at the bottom of the sliding
piece g, g, is formed an ear or lug i, having a female screw formed therein,
which screw is operated upon by a screw pin k, which turns in a socket
formed in the end framing of the machine; by turning the pink the sliding
frame g, g, will therefore be caused to recede or advance, carrying with it the
B

page_text: smaller crushing roller b,b, and thus increase or decrease the space between
it and the larger one; in order to regulate the degree of crushing requisite for
different materials, a ratchet wheel lis fixed on the outward end of the screw
pin , into one of the spaces of which a pall m is placed, in order to prevent
the screw pink from turning round when the rollers are adjusted to the
required degree of proximity. n, n, n, is a hopper, into which the corn or
other material to be crushed is placed; the upper part of this hopper is con-
structed of wood, and the lower part thereof, which is of iron, is bolted to the
sliding frame g, g; at the lower part of the hopper n, n, a feed roller o is
placed, provided with an axle, which turns in suitable bearings. The con-
struction of this roller will be seen best in Fig. 31; it will there be seen that
there are a series of grooves on its periphery, which receive the seed and
deliver it (by the revolution thereof)on to the crushing rollers below. Within
the hopper is also placed a brush p, p, the lower end of which extends
downwards to the feed roller o; from the brushp,p, a nut q, q, extends, sliding
in a groove formed in the hopper, to the outward end of which nut a small
screw r, r, is contected, by turning which the brush p, p, will be raised or
lowered in order to regulate the quantity of seed or other material which shall
be delivered by the feed roller o. Upon the axle of the smaller crushing roller
b, b, a fly wheel s, &, s, is mounted, to one of the arms of which is attached a
handlet, by turning which the roller will be caused to revolve,carrying with it
by means of the pinion cand toothed wheel d the larger crushing roller a, a,
On the axis of the fly wheel shaftisalso mounted a pinion u, which takes into
another pinion v, attached to the axle of the feed roller o; by which arrange-
ment, it will be perceived, that on motion being communicated to the machine
by means of the winch handle t,the crushing rollers a,b, and feed roller o will
be caused simultaneously to revolve, the adjustable brush p regulating the
quantity which the feed roller shall supply to the crushing rollers below. The
material when crushed falls on to a spout w,and from thence into any required
receptacle below. In order to prevent the escape of the material at the sides
of the rollers, projecting flanges x, r, are formed around the larger roller a,
which flanges revolve in contact with the sides of the smaller roller b,as seen
more particularly in Fig. 32. In order to prevent the possibility of the grooves
of the rollers being choked by an accumulation of the crushed material, we
apply scrapers y,y, having teeth formed at their edges, similar in shape to the
grooves upon the crushing cylinders, and which teeth are placed in such grooves
so as to press slightly against the surfaces thereof. The scrapery of the smaller
crushing roller is attached to the sliding frame g, and consequently on the
adjustmentofthecrushingroller moves, therewith, and therebyretains its proper

page_text: relative position thereto; the scrapery of the larger crushing roller is shewn as
attached to the spout w.
Fig. 33 shews a modification of this machine, adapted to the crushing of
apples & pears previously to their being pressed for the purpose of obtaining
cyder or perry. The crushing rollers are shewn, as before, at a, b, mounted and
turning in suitable bearings, the smaller one being capable of adjustment as
before by means of the sliding frame g. In this case, however, the flutes should
be much coarser than when they are applied to the crushing of oats or other
grain. A pair of additional rollers, 2, such as are commonly used for break-
ing oil cake and for other purposes, are placed above; these additional rollersare
caused to revolve by any suitable gearing. The apples or pears to be crushed
are placed in a hopper 1, 1, and are by the revolution of the rollers broken into
pieces, to be further operated upon by our improved form of crushing rollers,
between which they are conducted by means of the spout 2, and subsequently
together with the juice fall into any required receptacle below. By this opera-
tion we are enabled to get a more perfect crushing of the fruit and kernals
than has heretofore been accomplished.
Fig. 34 represents in vertical section, another application of our improved
crushing rollers, adapted for breaking the outward skin or rind of flax. The
two rollers and their appurtenances are shewn, as before, at a, b. Above the
smaller roller b is an endless apron 2, 2, travelling around rollers 3, 3, which
receive rotary motion in any convenient manner. Upon this apron the flax to
be broken is placed in an even line stratum, and as the apron 2, 2, travels
around the rollers 3, 3, it is carried forward and falls over between the crush-
ing rollers, which as they revolve break it to the degree regulated by the
screw. Although we have shewn the grooves in the cylinder as smooth upon
their edges, we do not confine ourselves thereto, as, if desired, they may be
roughed or ribbed, as shewn in Fig. 35, either parallel to or at an angle to their
axis. It will also be evident to all competent mechanics that the arrangement
of parts for supplying the material to be operated upon, and the methods of
giving motion thereto may be varied considerably, and that other substances,
such as coffee, rice, bones, &c., may be crushed by our improved rollers with
advantage. We would observe, too, that our crushing rollers may be made of
iron, brass, wood, stone, or other suitable material, and that the proportions
thereof may vary in order to suit the particular purposes to they are to be
applied, and that the flutes or grooves may be rounded on their inward and
outward surfaces if desired as shewn at Fig. 30; also that one pair of such
rollers may be placed over another in order to partially crush the material, which
will then fall on to the second pair to be more perfectly crushed.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that wedo not
intend to confine ourselves to the precise form and arrangements of machinery
above described, for the same, as before stated, may be varied without departing
from the principles of our Invention; but that which we claim as secured to us
under the above in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly, the beating and cleansing of wool, cotton, flax, hair, and other fibrous
animal or vegetable substances that may be required to be opened and
separated from dust or other extraneous matters, and also the beating or thrash-
ing of wheat, oats, peas, beans, and other grain or seeds, and separating the
straw, stalks, husks, or other extraneous matter therefrom, by the employment
of conical rotating fans or beaters, such fans or beaters being made to revolve
within a conical case, and between which case, and the rotating fans or beaters,
the material intended to be operated upon is introduced.
Secondly, the cleansing or separating corn or other grain or seeds from chaff,
inferior seeds, or other matters to be extracted therefrom, by the employment
of a rotatory fan or blower, the vanes thereof being so formed that they shall be
of greater radii on that side of the fan where the air is discharged than on that
side at which it is admitted, the air in such case being admitted and discharged
in a line with the axis of the said fan or blower.
Thirdly, the crushing of oats, beans, malt, apples, flax and other vegetable or
animal substances which may be required to be broken or crushed, by the
employment of a pair or pairs of rollers having flutes or grooves formed round
their peripheries parallel to the ends of such rollers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Clyburn, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Tenth day of January, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Richard Clyburn came before our
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and everything therein contained, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Tenth day of January, in the year above written.