Iм- PROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MARINE AND STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES, BOILERS, AND FURNACES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Stead Crosland, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MARINE AND STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES,
BOILERS, AND FURNACES."
Sealed the 1st January 1870, and dated the 10th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Stead Crosland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th July 1869.
J, JAMES STEAD CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MARINE AND STATIONARY
STEAM ENGINES, BOILERS, AND FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate, firstly, to a mode or method of applying
compound marine or stationary steam engines; also to a mode of
[Price 8d.]

page_text: applying the steam engines specified in Letters Patent granted to me,
and dated April Third, in the year One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight, and numbered 1123.
For steam engines having two or three compound cylinders, and when
two pairs of such engines are applied to work the propeller or pro-
pellers or the paddle wheels of a steam vessel, or when used as stationary
engines requiring a backward and forward rotatory motion, my improve-
ments consist in the application and combination of auxiliary steam
valves, sluices, or cocks, and connecting pipes to divert at pleasure the
course of steam as it issues from one cylinder to the other cylinder of
one pair of engines and cause it to pass to the cylinders of the other
opposite pair of engines, and with an equally advantageous expansive
action of steam in the backward as in the forward motión of either pair
of engines; for which purpose, also, I arrange and combine the main
working cranks of such pairs of engines at directly opposite centres or
upon the same centres.
In applying the diagonal triple cylinder engine specified in my said
Letters Patent I change or reverse the angle of elevation given and
shown in the Drawings of the said Specification to an angle of depression
to meet the propeller shaft, but retaining the same relative angle claimed,
and I work the air pump by cranks and levers, or as may be found most
convenient.
In compound engines having steam jackets or cases covering the
cylinders I make a communication, small hole, or passage, either with
or without a valve or stop-cock, forming a waterway between such steam
jackets or cases and the interior of the valve box, steam chest, or the
pipes as will allow the water of condensation which takes place in the
jackets to pass into or between the compound cylinders, where it is
evaporated.
Secondly. My improvements in marine and stationary steam boilers
consist in the application and use for said purposes of a boiler or boilers
of the locomotive type and construction, with and under the following
modifications, arrangements, and combination, that is to say, I form a
fire-box with three sides instead of with four sides, as in the usual square
fire-box of a locomotive engine boiler, or otherwise; I cut away or form
a mouth piece or doorway extending almost entirely across the front
of the fire-box for the purpose of introducing 1otatory moving or tra-
velling grate bars for self coal feeding; or, if by preference, fans, hoppers,

page_text: and fixed grate-bars are used. A large firing door or two firing doors
may be used for the purpose of self coal feeding. I combine in these
arrangements a tubular feed water heater placed horizontally and side
by side or above or beneath the main boiler, through which the products
of combustion pass to the funnel or chimney. I also combine in these
arrangements a plain cylindrical receiver or boiler without any flue or
heating connexions, but supplying additional water and steam room to
the locomotive type of boiler, having suitable connexions to the sides or
upper portion of the said boiler.
Thirdly. My improvement in marine and stationary boilers consist in
the application and use of the elephant or French type of boiler, or of
the plain cylindrical form of boiler with and under the following modi-
fications, arrangements, and combination:-I intercept the heat which
otherwise in the ordinary elephant or French boiler is allowed or intended
to act upon the main upper tube or boiler by the introduction or inter-
position of auxiliary but disconnected tubes or boilers placed between
the ordinary upper and lower connected tubes, and side by side of the
said connected tubes forming the elephant or French type of boiler or
boilers. I introduce the feed water supply intended for the said boiler
first into one auxiliary tube, and from which it passes through a small
feed pipe or pipes to the other auxiliary disconnected tube or tubes, and
so on until it reaches the original boiler, where it enters in the formn
of steam generated in the said disconnected auxiliary tube or tubes of
the combination.
Or by another method I arrange and combine one or more auxiliary
tubes connected by neck pieces or pipes and placed beneath the ordinary
lower tubes or boiler, where I construct a flue to receive them, and
forming a return downward draft. After leaving the lower tubes the heat
will act upon the auxiliary tube or tubes. The feed water supply enters the
auxiliary tube or tubes, and as it becomes heated will rise through the
connecting pipes or tubes into the ordinary lower tube or tubes, and these
auxiliary tube or tubes will act as receptacles for the deposit formed
in the main boiler, and from which it may be blown off by cocks and
pipes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Stead Crosland in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
STEAD CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Stead Crosland, Her special license that
1, the said James Stead Crosland, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Stead Crosland, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO MARINE AND STATIONARY STEAM ENGINES, BOILERS, AND
FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said James
Stead Crosland, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said James Stead Crosland, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings
(that is to say) :-
Figure 1
on Sheet No. 1, Figures 22, 24, 26, 27, and 28 on Sheet
No. 2, and Figure 45 on Sheet No. 3, are sectional elevations; Figure 2
on Sheet No. 1, and Figures 23 and 25 are end elevations on Sheet No. 2,
and Figure 3 on Sheet No. 1, and Figure 46 on Sheet No. 3, are plans
of the same, shewing my improved mode of applying compound marine

page_text: or stationary engines, in which A, B, and C, are three compound
cylinders, or A and B only are two compound cylinders shewn applied
to work the propeller of a steam ship, or as a stationary steam engine,
and these improvements consist in the management and combination of
the three cylinders A, B, and C, or of the two compound cylinders A and B ;
these cylinders are placed at angles of thirty degrees to sixty degrees
with each other, and connected by three connecting rods a, a, a, or to
two connecting rods a, a, to one main crank D, the cylinder A alone
receiving steam from the boiler, and exhausting its steam into the
cylinder B, which is of three or four times greater capacity than the
cylinder A (more or less) and the cylinder B exhausting its steam into
the cylinder C, which which is of three times or four times greater
capacity (more or less) than the cylinder B. When the steam engine thus
described is intended to be used in a steam ship the air pump E may be
worked, as shewn in the Drawing, by the connecting rod a3, or if the
engine is intended to be used for a stationary engine the air pump may
be worked either as shewn or it may be worked by an elongation c¹ of
the piston rod c of the cylinder C in the piston marked El.
In steam engines having either two or three compound cylinders
A, B, and C, as shewn in Figure 1, Sheet No. 1, and in Figures 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28, on Sheet No. 2, and in Figures 45, 46, and
47, on Sheet No. 3, and when two pairs of such engines are applied
to work the propeller, propellers, or the paddle wheels of a steam
ship, my improvements consist in the application and combination of
auxiliary steam valves, sluices, or cocks F, F1, or F2, and connecting
pipes e and f to divert at pleasure the course as it issues from cylinder A
to the cylinder B of one pair of engines which I shall call engine No. 1,
and cause it to pass to the cylinder B1 of another pair of engines which
I shall call engine No. 2, and at the same time cause the steam from
cylinder Al of engine No. 2 to pass to the cylinder B of engine No. 1.
Compound cylinders set at angles with each other, as described, work in
harmony together until it is required to reverse the engines, that is to
say, their direction of motion, when by reason of their angular position
with each other the steam will act opposed to the changed direction in
which the pistons are then required to move, and to remedy this evil I
apply the said auxiliary steam valves, sluices, or cocks F, F1, or F2, or
any modification of steam valves which open a communication between
such separate pairs of engines. In the forward motion of the engines

page_text: the auxiliary valves, sluices, or cocks, are turned and remain in the
position shewn in Figures 3, 6, 12, and 15, Sheet No. 1, and in Figure 23,
Sheet No. 2, and for the backward motion of the engines the passages
or-ways in the valves, sluices, or cocks here shown, are closed, and other
passages or ways are opened by turning or lifting them in the position
shewn in Figures 4, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, and 19, Sheet No. 1,
and in Figure 23a, in Sheet No. 2. The valves, sluices, or cocks F, F1,
or F 2, are worked by levers, shafts, or wheels, in connection with the
common reversing motion of the engines; when the engines are turning
in the forward gear the valves, sluices, or cocks remain in the position
shewn in Figure 3, in which case the steam from cylinder A of
engine No. 1 will discharge its steam into the cylinder B of engine
No. 1, and cylinder B will discharge the steam so received into
cylinder C of engine No. 1, but when the engines are reversed into the
backward gear the valves, sluices, or cocks are turned or lifted to the
position shewn in Figures 4, 4a, 19, and 23a, the steam will then
traverse and exhaust from cylinder A of No. 1 engine to cylinder B1 of
No. 2 engine, and the steam so received by cylinder B1 of No. 2 engine
will retraverse to cylinder C of No. 1 engine, and at the same time the
steam from cylinder Al of engine No. 2 will pass to the cylinder B of
No. 1 engine, and from cylinder B to cylinder C1 of No. 2 engine.
The steam valve shewn in Figure 19 differs in construction from those
already described; this valve when open gives the steam liberty to pass
and repass between the cylinder of either pair of engines No. 1 and
No. 2, but when closed the same passes from cylinder A to cylinder B, and
from cylinder B it passes to cylinder C. In like manner, in engine No. 2
the steam from cylinder Al passes to cylinder B1, and from cylinder B
it passes to cylinder C1, that is to say, when the engines are working in
the forward direction the same as the engines before described.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3. F, F1 and F2 are the auxiliary steam valves,
sluices, or cocks, of which Figures 5, 10, 15, and 19 are sectional
elevations upon an enlarged scale; Figures 4, 6, 8, 9, 13, 14, and 16 are
plans; Figures 11, 17, and 18 are end elevations shewing the internal
parts of the valves, sluices, or cocks, they are shewn of diverse form and
construction and may be modified to suit the requirements of such engines
to which they may be applied, and arranged either to revolve, slide, or
lift in any convenient mode; those shewn in Figures 5, 10, and the corre-
sponding Figures are made to revolve in the form of a four-way steam

page_text: clock or a tap having four distinct passages for steam, and those in
Figures 15, 16, 17, and 18 are made to lift or slide in the form of a sluice
or slide valve, and that shewn in Figure 19 is an ordinary steam valve or
trap with one passage only, and these auxiliary valves, sluices, or cocks
are worked by levers, wheels, or by screws and handles, and are connected
with the reversing motion of the engines, so that the same rods, shafts,
levers, or wheels which regulate, change, and reverse the motion of the
main working slide steam valves of the engines are made simultaneously
to regulate, change, and reverse the said auxiliary steam valves, sluices, or
cocks F, FI, or F2, which divert or traverse the steam from the cylinders
of engine No. 1 to the cylinders of engine No. 2, and vice versa, aud
also to allow and ensure the steam common to engine No. 1 exhausting
into its own particular cylinders as well also to allow and ensure the
steam common to engine No. 2 exhausting into its own particular
cylinders at all times instantaneously and simultaneously with the act
of reversing the engines.
Figure 20 is an elevation of which Figure 21 is a plan shewing one
of the modes (which may be modified to suit the engine to which it is
to be applied) of working the auxiliary steam valves, sluices, or cocks
F, F1, or F2 by the same wheel, lever, or engine which is applied or
used for reversing the main valve gear of the engines in which G, G, G,
are the link motions; g, g, g, the levers connecting these link motions
together; H, H, is the main hand wheel or wheels to which a small
steam engine may be applied for reversing the valve gear and engines.
Figure 22 is an elevation of which Figure 23 is an end elevation
shewing the mode of applying two compound high-pressure cylinders
A, A, with their piston rods connected to one cross head a" and a single
connecting rod a working into one crank D to which also the con-
densing cylinder B is connected by the rod, the two cylinders A, A,
exhaust their steam into the cylinder B or into the cylinder B',
and as described in reference to Figures 1, 2, and 3, and all the former
Figures.
Figure 24 is an engine compounded with one cylinder A placed in
front at au angle to the cylinder B with the air pump being worked
as described in reference to Figure 1, or placed beneath, as shewn in
dotted lines at El, the steam is worked as described in the former
Figures. Figure 35 is an end elevation shewing this engine in pairs
with the auxiliary valves applied,

page_text: Figure 26 is a sectional elevation of a compound engine with the three
cylinders placed with the air pump at convenient angles of elevation
radial to the shaft D, being an improved arrangement of the engines,
specified in Letters Patent granted to me bearing date April Third, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, and numbered 1123, in which
A, B, C, are the cylinders, the air pump being in the intermediate
position E2 and worked from the crank D of the engine by the con-
necting rod a² either with slide bars or the trunk ¹, as shewn, the
cylinder C and any of the cylinders B and C in the former Figures
may have a trunk with connecting rod 2 if so preferred, and worked
as described in reference to the former Figures.
Figure 27 is a sectional elevation of a compound engine with three
cylinders A, B, and C inverted and set radial to the propeller shaft D,
with air pump E horizontally placed at E, and may be used as a single
or double stationary engine or as propeller engines, as described in
reference to the former Figures.
Figure 28 is a compound engine shewn arranged either as a three
cylinder engine A, B, C, with the cylinders placed one above another
at angles radial to the shaft D with horizontal air pump E; or as a two
cylinder engine, as shewn in dotted lines at A1, B1, with air pump E
placed beneath the cylinder B or B', these engines may be applied as
single or double stationary engines or in pairs as No. 1 and No. 2
engines, as described in reference to all the former Figures. I apply
steam jackets or casings to all steam cylinders and to all steam pipes
connecting compound cylinders; these jackets and casings I charge
with steam of the boilers which work the engines, a small pipe 5 and
cock 6 is connected to the main steam pipe 7 for that purpose. Or I
arrange and combine a small auxiliary boiler or steam generator of a
higher temperature and pressure than that which works the engines,
with which I charge the said steam jackets and casings, the outward
temperature of the cylinders will then be greater than the steam working
within the cylinders. In this case the condensed steam and water
formed in the jackets and pipe casings will be arranged to return to the
said small boiler or steam generator which is placed at a lower level.
I. make a communication of small pipes 1, 2, 3, or otherwise from the
lowest point of each casing or jacket to take away the condensed steam
and water settling there; these small pipes convey the condensed steam
and water to the interior of the valve chests or to the interior of the
pipes e and f, or to a point marked 4, in Figures 1, 2, and 3, namely,

page_text: into the exhaust pipe of cylinder A, or it may be conveyed to any other
point between the compound cylinders.
Figure 45 is a sectional elevation of a steam ship, of which Figure 46
is a plan, and Figures 47 and 48 cross sections on Sheet No. 3. A, B,
and A1, B1, are a pair of inverted cylinders placed at convenient angles
radial with the propeller shaft D; E, and El are the air pumps, and Ee,
and Ee, are surface condensers; similar condensers are also applied to
the engines of the various Figures before described, in other respects
these engines are identical with them.
My improvements in steam boilers consist in the arrangement, appli-
cation, and modification of a boiler or boilers L, L, of the locomotive
form rendered applicable to marine purposes as follows:-I form a
fire-box with the front or firing end removed, forming a fire-box of
three sides z, z, z, or retaining only a small portion of the fourth
side, or so much may be removed as to obtain a convenient mode for
stoking by hand shovels, leaving space for a front draft and currents.
of air, withdrawing the ashes, slagg, and the fire-bars from the front,
which is not so in the locomotive form of boiler; for the mode pursued
of depressing or inclining the top of the said fire-box towards the
front to a point W from the tube plate or point marked x, which is
midway in the length of the boiler, and for the mode of rising and
constructing upon the horizontal boiler L a vertical portion of boiler U
with the internal gusset stays S', S, S', S', and angle irons secured to and
extending from the top of the plating of the boiler L and rivetted to
the part,, which being not cut away add strength to the vertical
as well as to the horizontal boiler, or a small man-hole may be made
for access into the boilers. If preferred two vertical portions of
boiler U, U, may be applied also with the gusset stays.
The boiler above described and shewn in the Figures 34, 41, 42, 43,
44, and 53 is of the locomotive form and construction and rendered ap-
plicable for steain-ship boilers and stationary purposes by the combination
and modifications above quoted and described.
My improvements further consist in the mode of applying boilers
of the locomotive form to marine purposes. I form a fire-box and
boilers as described in reference to Figures 34, 41, 42, 43, and 44,
namely, with the front or firing end removed for the purpose of intro-
ducing rotatory or travelling grate bars for self coal feeding, namely, the
Juckes' furnace, or other travelling fire-bars, and also for the purpose

page_text: of applying a fan o or fans o, o, which in revolving cast the coals upon
the fire-grating, having coal-hoppers n, n, and rollers P, P, which break
the coal in passing between them as it drops upon the said revolving
fan o or fans o, o; if one fan o only is applied it will be made to revolve
first in one direction and then in the other by the application of change
pullies and belts moving in opposite directions. An escape motion is
provided, which with levers and wheels acting every two or three
minutes, being so arranged will intermittantly place one or other of
the opposite moving belts upon the driving pulley which works the
fan o, namely, in opposite directions, thus distributing the coal first
on one side of the fire and then upon the other. If two fans o, o, are
applied the coal in the hopper in passing through the rollers P, P, will
fall occasionally upon one fan o and then upon the other fan o, and in
this way distribute the coal upon the fire-grates.
And in order more effectually to carry out my improvements in self
coal feeding to the boilers of steam ships I apply coal elevators or
endless creepers, namely, coal scoops upon an endless moving chain or
belt R, R, which elevate and carry the coals from the coal bunkers S, S,
to the hoppers n, n. I form the coal bunkers S, S, with shoots or
slopes S, S, S, and these shunt or slip the coals upon breaking or
crushing rollers P, P, arranged in pairs of two, which first grapple the
coals from the bunkers, and these are kept further apart than another
pair of rollers P, P, working beneath, and which receive the coals
partly broken from the rollers P, P, above them; strong toothed gearing
wheels V, V, turn the rollers, whilst a screw tackle and levers regulate
the distance between the rollers and the quantity of coals for distribution
to the hoppers; in leaving the lower rollers the coals fall into the
coal scoops of the elevator, which is arranged to supply a double
hopper n, n, suitable for two furnaces or boilers L, L.
By another arrangement of locomotive form of boiler rendered suitable
for steam ships I combine a plain cylindrical receiver or boiler V
connected to the upper portion at z, giving additional water and steam
room, with scope against the rolling of the vessel, affording a purer
state of the water against the effects of the constaut ebulition.
By another arrangement I combine a tubular feed water heater or
boiler W with the locomotive form of boiler for marine purposes,
placed side by side or above or beneath, and through which the draft-
and heat pass to the funnel or chimney shewn in Figures 38 and 39,

page_text: Sheet No. 2, and in Figures 44, Sheet No. 3, after leaving the tubes of
the main boiler L, the draft and heat enter the smoke box Y, and after
passing through the mass of tubes in the heater or boiler W, W, W,
W, W, it euters the main flue X leading to the chimney Z, the feed
water supply intended for the boiler I. is pumped into the heaters W, W,
and after becoming heated passes through the connecting pipe w to the
main boiler L; I also arrange and combine with the locomotive form of
boiler for marine purposes a cylindrical portion V1 with connections z
z', '; Figures 36 and 37 for obtaining additional water capacity afford-
ing a purer state of the water against the effects of constant ebulition.
By another method of improved arrangement and form of construc-
tion of steam boilers, Figures 49, 52, 56 and 57, of which Figures 50,
53, 58, 59, and 60 are plans, and 51, 54, 61, 62, 64 and 65, are cross
sections, Sheet No. 4, N, N, are one or more auxiliary inclined or hori-
zontal tubes connected by a number of diagonal or vertical neck pieces
or tubes I, I, I', pipes or tubes I, I, I, I, or small tubes 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, con-
nected to the under side of the main boiler O, O, and also connected to
the upper side of the said auxiliary inclined or horizontal tubes
The feed water supply is pumped first into the tubes N, N, at i, i,
which as it becomes heated and with the continued action of the pump
will rise through the vertical pipes or tubes I, I, I, into the boiler O, the
tubes N, N, also act as receptacles for deposit cast from the boiler O, O,
and from which periodically it may be blown off through the cocks and
pipes Q, Q.
N.
By another method I arrange and combine with a plain cylindrical
boiler O an auxiliary inclined or horizontal tube N with a number of
diagonal or vertical pipes or tubes I, I, I, I, connecting the boiler O
and tube N together as described in reference to Figures 49 to 65
inclusive, and as shewn in Figure 55, of which Figures 61, 62, 63,
and 70, are cross sections, and Figures 58 and 59 plans of the same;
H is the furnace, H1 the upper flue, and P the lower flue with descending
draft at H2. In Figures 61 and 63 one auxiliary tube N is shewn with
the inclined or vertical pipes I, I, I, I, and in Figure 62 two auxiliary
tubes are shewn N, N. In Figure 70, I combine with a plain cylin-
drical boiler O', the vertical neck pieces or tubes I, I, I, I, I', with
connecting pipes Q, Q, Q, to preserve the boiler O' free from deposit
which is blown off as it becomes settled in the neck pieces or tubes and

page_text: pipes I, I, and Q, Q, Q, through the blow off cock Q, I, U, U, are
large steam domes or vertical portions of boilers. These boilers are set
and arranged in groups of one, two, or three boilers in one furnace H,HI,
I also arrange a modification of the boilers shewn in Figures 49, 50, 51,
52, 5%, and 54. I retain the combination shewn and described with the
omission of the upper portion or boiler M, and substitute in its stead
the vertical boiler or steam dome U with gussets S', S', S'; Figure 66
shews the mode which I pursue in adopting and securing the tubes or
pipes I, I, I, which connect the tubes O and N together. I form the
pipes I, I, with bevil and curved flanges so as to adapt themselves to
the sides of the tubes N and O, and as each tube I is thus placed
at some distance from the centre lines, %, of the tubes N, O,
it is easy of application and removal before the rivets are put in
with which it is secured to the tubes as shewn at a, i, a, i; the
tubes I, I, are arranged in zig-zag lines on each side of the tubes N
and O, that one tube may not come directly opposite to the other. The
smaller tubes or pipes 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, are put in without flanges caulked
or rivetted into holes prepared to receive to them. In these arrange-
ments Figures 49, 52, 56, 57, of which Figures 50, 53, 58, 59, and 60
are plans, and 51, 54, 61, 62, 64, and 65 are cross sections sheet No. 4.
I construct a fiue P, P, beneath the main flues H1 of the boilers O, O.
I form a downward draft at the point marked h, p, at the end of the
flue H1, the course of the draft after leaving the fire H is along the
flue H1, descending at h, p, or it may turn horizontally at h, p, along H2
with partition wall h, h, still acting upon the main tube O', and the
upper portions of the vertical pipes I, I, I, I, the heat descends at P, h,
and passing along the flue P2, acts upon the lower portions of the
pipes, I, I, I, I, and upon the upper side of the tubes N, N, or the draft
may pass along the flue P, descending again beneath the partitions n, p,
at P2, and returns underneath the tubes N, N, to the chimney flue X,
or instead of descending at P2, the draft may turn horizontally along P3,
having in this case a partition wall h, h, h, or the flues may be otherwise
modified suitable to this improved form of boiler; Figure 53 is a plan,
of which Figure 54 is a cross section shewing the boilers above
described, built or set in water space shell fire-boxes of the locomotive
form with three sides 1, 1, 1, strongly plated and studded with screw
stays 8, 8, 8, 8, 8, in the usual manner of staying the fire-boxes of
locomotive boilers. In some instances the upper boiler M may be

page_text: omitted and the vertical portion U substituted. The boilers 0, 0,
or M, M, are connected with neck pieces or pipes z, z, to the shell
fire-box portion 1, 1, 1.
By another method I arrange and combine modifications of the
elephant or French form of boiler Figure 67, of which 68 is a plan and
Figure 69 a cross section. I intercept the heat which otherwise in the
ordinary form is allowed or intended to act upon the main upper boiler
M by the interposition of auxiliary disconnected tubes or water heaters
Q, Q, Q, which I place between the boiler M and the lower tubes 0, 0,
and these tubes or water heaters Q, Q, Q, are placed side by side in
the upper flue P1, P1, I introduce the feed water which is intended
for the main boiler first into one end of the said auxiliary tubes Qat i,
from thence it passes through a small feed pipe f, i, to the other tube Q',
and from the tube Q' it passes through the pipe f, i, i, into the next
tube Q", thence through pipe f. f, into the boiler M. I also arrange
and combine neck pieces or tubes I, I, I', with the elephant or French
form of boiler with connecting pipes Q, Q, Q, to blow off the deposit
settling there.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein set forth, as the same may
be varied without departing from the peculiar character of the In-
vention; but what I do claim is,-
Firstly. The peculiar arrangement and combination and mode of
applying a compound engine with three steam cylinders, as described.
Secondly. The peculiar arrangement and combination and mode of
applying a compound engine with two cylinders, as described.
Thirdly. The peculiar arrangement and combination of a pair of
compound engines with three cylinders to each pair of engines, as
described.
· Fourthly. The peculiar arrangement and combination of a pair of
compound engines with two cylinders to each pair of engines, as
described.
Fifthly. The mode or method of opening a communication between
the cylinders of distinct pairs of compound engines by a valve, sluice,
or cock, as described.
Sixthly. The mode or method of opening a valve by those levers,

page_text: handles, or gear which also reverse the motion of pairs of engines
for the purpose of allowing the steam of pairs of engines to operate
in common amongst the cylinders of compound engines, as described.
Seventhly. Passing the condensed steam or water from steam jackets
or steam casings of the cylinders and pipes of steam engines, as
described.
Eighthly. Employing and using a distinct and separate steam boiler
or steam generator for the purpose of charging or feeding. the said
steam jackets or casings with steam at a higher temperature than that
of boilers employed and used in working the cylinders or engines of
which such steam jackets or casings form a part, as described.
Ninthly. The combination and modifications of a boiler of the loco-
motive form arranged and modified suitable for firing by hand shovels,
as described in reference to Figures 41, 42, and 43, Sheet No. 3.
Tenthly. The combination and modifications of a boiler of the loco-
motive form arrauged and modified suitable for the application of self
coal feeding with fans, travelling fire-bars, or Juckes's furnace as
described, in reference to Figures 34, 41, 42, 43, and 44, Sheet No. 3.
Eleventhly. Applying and using coal elevators to the hoppers of
self coal feeding boilers, as described.
Twelfthly. The use and application of rollers worked by gearing to
break the coals as it shoots from the coal bunkers, as described.
Thirteenthly. Forming the coal bunker in slopes or shoots, as de-
scribed.
Fourteenthly. The mode of constructing a vertical upon an hori.
zontal boiler with gusset stays, as described.
Fifteenthly. The combination of two horizontal boilers N and O, con-
nected by a number of vertical pipes or tubes, as described in reference
to Figures 49 to 65 inclusive, on Sheet 4.
Sixteenthly. The mode or method of adapting vertical tubes to two
horizontal boilers N and O, as described in reference to Figs. 49 and 66,
Sheet No. 4.
Seventeenthly. The combination and modification of boiler of the
French or elephant form, as described in reference to Figs. 67 to 69
inclusive, Sheet No. 4.

page_text: Eighteenthly. The modifications and application of a number of neck
pieces or tubes to a plain cylindrical boiler, as described in reference to
Figs. 67 to 70 inclusive, Sheet No. 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Stead Crosland, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.