IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES, IN THE MACHINERY, ADDADATHS AND MEANS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES, IN THE MACHINERY,
ADDADATHS AND MEANS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE."
Sealed the 28th February 1860, and dated the 2nd September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1859.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for ".IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BOOTS & SHOES, IN THE
MACHINERY, APPARATUS, & MEANS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of a novel & improved machine or apparatus for
cutting out, shaping, or pressing the several parts of boots & shoes, & is also
suitable for piercing soles or heels. The peculiar construction & arrange-
ment of the machines, & the cutting, shaping, or pressing tools connected there-
with, being so contrived that several such tools can be affixed to & arranged
in the same machine, which can be effected by making the table or carrier to
revolve on a centre, or move in bearings or otherwise, so as to render it a
matter of ease to bring any required instrument into the necessary position.
The form of machine for effecting these operations according to this part of
my Invention may consist of a strong upright frame, within which the tool
carrier or table is made to revolve on its axis in bearings placed on the table
of a hydrostatic press, the carriers being of a polygonal formation, upon the

page_text: various faces of which are placed the cutting or other instruments, the top
of the framing forming the resisting surface. In some cases I employ two
carriers or tables, according to the operation to be performed.
Another modification of this part of the Invention consists of placing one or
more circular rims or carriers upon a centre, & placing the tools upon their
peripheries, which are so placed in relation to a suitable frame, that the tools
upon the peripheries can be moved as required between a moveable table or
piston, & the resisting or upper part of the said framing; the moveable table
or piston in this arrangement may be actuated by a hydrostatic press, or by an
eccentric driven in any convenient manner.
It also consists of regulating the degree of pressure imparted to the cutters,
pressers, shapers, or piercers employed in these operations by means of one or
more adjustable incline planes or screws.
It also consists of a novel & improved machine for paring, polishing, or
reducing the edges of soles & heels, by means of suitable revolving cutters or
other instruments. The sole or part to be operated on is actuated so as to
pass round the cutter at a proper given distance, the motion being imparted
by suitable levers & cams in conjunction with a compound slide. The contour
or outline is regulated by means of. a template in combination with springs,
weights, or suitable grooves to regulate the travel.
It likewise consists of an improved machine or apparatus for holding during
the operation of splitting, dividing, or shaping boot or shoe materials, the
peculiarity of such machine being that it parts or divides equally, or at any
desired angle or proportion, the material to be cut. This may be accomplished
by placing the leather between two surfaces, regulated by a right & left handed
screw or inclines, between which surfaces is made to pass a band knife or other
suitable cutting instrument, the holding surfaces being inclined or so formed
as to retain the material at any desired angle, or placed in a frame common
to both sides of the holder, which frame is placed upon centres in a line with
the cutting action, so that the material can be cut at any desired angle .by
moving the frame upon its centre, as any deviation from the right angle of the
cutting instrument will cause a corresponding deviation in the material to be
cut, so that by these means a piece of leather may be cut of one continuous
thickness according to the angle at which the material holder is held in rela-
tion to the cutter, or according to the shape or form of the pressing surfaces.
The combined frame or holder is placed upon a table with a sliding action, so
as to admit of the material being moved against the cutting instrument, which
may be actuated by any convenient means.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Julian Bernard,. Her special licence that I, the said Julian Bernard,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,. the said Julian
Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an, Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, AND MEANS EMPLOYED.
IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Julian Bernard, my executors or administrators,. by an instrument in writing
under my or their, or one of their hands and. seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:
This Invention consists of a novel and improved machine or apparatus for
cutting out, shaping, or pressing the several parts of boots and shoes, and is
also suitable for piercing soles or heels. The peculiar construction and arrange-
ment of the machines, and the cutting, shaping, or pressing tools connected
therewith, being also contrived that several such tools can be affixed to and
arranged in the same machine, which can be effected by making the table or
carrier to revolve on a centre, or move in bearings or otherwise, so as to render
it a matter of ease to bring any repuired instrument into the necessary position.

page_text: The form of machine for effecting these operations according to this part of my
Invention may consist of a strong upright frame, within.which the tool carriers
or tables are made to revolve on its axis in bearings placed upon the table of
a hydrostatic press, the carriers being of a polygonal formation, upon the various
faces of which are placed the cutting or other instruments, the top of the
framing forming the resisting surface. In some cases I employ two carriers
or tables, according to the operation to be performed.
Another modification of this part of the Invention consists of placing one or
more circular rims or carriers upon a centre, and placing the tools upon their
peripheries, which are so placed in relation to a suitable frame that the tools
upon the peripheries can be moved as required between a moveable table or
piston and the resisting or upper part of the said framing. The moveable
table or piston in this arrangement may be actuated by a hydrostatic press or
by an eccentric driven in any convenient manner.
It also consists of regulating the degree of pressure imparted to the cutters,
pressers, shapers, or piercers employed in these operations by means of one or
more adjustable incline planes or screws.
It also consists of a novel and improved machine for paring, reducing, or
polishing the edges of soles and heels by means of suitable revolving cutters or
other instruments. The sole or part to be operated on is actuated so as to
pass round the cutter at a proper given distance, the motion being imparted by
suitable levers and cams in conjunction with a compound slide. The contour
or outline is regulated by means of a template in combination with springs,
weights, or suitable grooves to regulate the travel.
It likewise consists of an improved machine or apparatus for holding during
the operation of splitting, dividing, or shaping boot or shoe materials, the
peculiarity of such machine being that it parts or divides equally or at any
desired angle or proportion the material to be cut. This may be accomplished
by placing the leather between two surfaces regulated by a right and left hand
screw or inclines, between which surfaces is made to pass a band knife or other
suitable cutting instrument, the holding surfaces being inclined or so formed
as to retain the material at any desired angle, or placed in a frame common to
both sides of the holder, which frame is placed upon centres in a line with the
cutting action, so that the material can be cut at any desired angle by moving
the frame upon its centre, as any deviation from the right angle of the cutting
instrument will cause a corresponding deviation in the material to be cut, so
that by these means a piece of leather may be cut of one continuous thickness
with great facility, or of an unequal thickness, according to the angle at which
the material holder is held in relation to the cutter, or according to the shape

page_text: or form of the pressing surfaces. The combined frame or holder is placed
upon a table with a sliding action so as to admit of the material being moved
against the cutting instrument, which may be actuated by an convenient
means.
2
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, for that purpose I shall
refer to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures
therein contained.
The first part of my Invention consists of a machine for cutting the various
parts of boots and shoes, and which is also applicable for pressing, blocking,
ornamenting, or piercing various parts as may be required. The main or
principal feature of this part of my Invention consists of a moveable carrier
and a combination of tools, upon which carrier two or any other convenient
number of cutters, tools, or other apparatus can be fixed and suitably arranged
without rendering it necessary to remove or otherwise disconnect the carrier.
This carrier is so arranged with the tools upon it that it can be readily moved
as may be desired so as to bring any required tool immediately in its proper
position in reference to the pressing or resisting part of the machine, such, for
example, as the cutting or pressing table of the frame, while it can be firmly
fixed in any one position during the action of the machine as may be required.
In some instances compound carriers are employed, which arrangement is
more especially adapted for piercing or blocking, and when compound tools
are employed, such as are applicable for blocking or shaping soles and also
for piercing.
Figure 1 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings shows a front elevation,
and Figures 2 and 3 are respectively an end elevation and plan, where a
portion of the framing of the machine is removed and shown only in section
in order to render the view more clear; Figures 4, 5, and 6 are corresponding
views of a modification of the machine where the same principle is carried out,
but by different mechanical arrangements; Figures 7, 71, 8, 81, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, and 12ª represent several apparatus and parts which will be herein-after
referred to in illustrating the application and operation of the machine and
modifications to the various purposes to which it is more especially appli--
cable. A at the several Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the framing
of the machine in which is arranged the drawing shaft B for communicating
motion to the eccentric C and C', through the toothed wheel D and shaft E.
The tool carrier F, which is placed in moveable slides G and G', shewn in
detail at Figure 10. H, H¹, are a lever and pin for securing or fixing the
carrier in the required position in relation to the resisting or cutting surface.

page_text: When the material is to be cut or otherwise treated by this machine, it
is placed and adjusted over the cutter or other tool, and the clutch I put into
gear by means of the lever handle K, which will have the effect of lifting the
carrier F, and pressing the tools against the table or pressing surface L, after
which the carrier descends, and the clutch is disengaged, as shewn. The
material can then be removed, after which the machine is ready for repeating
the operation. The arrangement of carriers shewn at Figures 4, 5, and 6,
and marked F¹, differs in form and order from that already described, although
but a modification of the same principle, the framing and driving parts being
similar. There is a bracket M fixed upon the framing A of the machine, in
which is placed a spindle N, upon which the carrier is made fast, the weight o
and lever O¹ being so formed and placed as to render the lifting of the carrier
or carriers by the eccentric a matter of ease. In the lever Pis shewn a pin P³,
which takes into a corresponding hole in the carrier, and serves to retain it in
a proper position in reference to the tools upon it, and their relation to the
pressing surface or corresponding tools. The action of this arrangement is
obtained by the revolution of the eccentric C³ acting upon the piston Q and
table R, which are for the purpose of lifting the carrier with the tools upon it
together against the pressing surface, and which will effect the necessary
operation. When the machine is to be used for blocking or piercing, I employ
two carriers in the following manner:-A carrier similar to that shown in the
framing, Figures 1, 2, and 3, and marked F, is placed in bearings in the framing,
the centres of such bearings being indicated by the red line S, as shown; this
carrier has only a revolving motion, but it can be made. fast in any desired
position, so that either of its faces can be made the resisting surface. Although
this arrangement can be used for cutting, it is more especially adapted to
blocking or shaping and piercing. When so used, corresponding and
suitable dies are employed to effect the required operation similar to that
shown at Figures 7, 7, 8, 81, when a second carrier is employed in the
modification of the machine shewn at Figures 4, 5, and 6; the corresponding
tools are arranged upon the carriers, opposite each other, that on the lower
being placed on the top surface, and that on the opposite one being secured
to the lower or inside, both carriers being fixed and secured on the spindle
N, the second being placed over the part X of the spindle, and occupying the
position of the red line, as indicated. The lower carrier has openings in it;
which are shewn at Figure 12, which represents a portion of such a carrier,
and where 5 represents the opening, and 6 and 7 pins. Over this opening
and pins, the lower or corresponding die or other tool is placed, two holes
being formed in the same, as shewn at Figure 82, which takes over the pins 5

page_text: and 6. The openings in this carrier are for the purpose of admitting freely
through them the head or top portion of the moveable piston, which is so
formed as to pass through the opening until coming in contact with the
lower die or tool which it lifts or raises up, until it comes in contact with its
corresponding, part, when the whole is further lifted and pressed against the
resisting surface L³, the part L having been previously removed in this
arrangement to make room for the second carrier, which completes the
operation, and the piston or presser descends, leaving the block or tool in its
place over the lower carrier; the sole or other article is then removed, when
the operation can be repeated by the same tools, or the same carriers turned
round until any other desired set of tools are brought in proper position
between the presser and the resisting surface. The same arrangement of
clutch, as shown at Figure 8, is employed for this disengaging action of the
machine. It will appear evident that the pressure can be readily obtained
by means of an bydrostatic press, and when the machine is actuated by such
pressure, the arrangement of cylinder and pressing ram shewn at Figure 11
can be employed and properly secured in the lower part of the machine, when
the two pins 3 and 4, which take into corresponding holes in the bottom of the
cylender, indicate the proper positions for the same, the pressure being obtained
from any convenient pump, as is well understood; and when the pressure is
obtained by such last described means, it will appear evident that the gearing
and driving apparatus can be entirely dispensed with. When hydrostatic
pressure is employed for the machine shewn at Figures 4, 5, and 6, and two
carriers are employed, a paching piece or pressure, see Figure 72, is placed
over the part shewn at Figure 11, and which is formed so as pass through the
appertures already described in the lower carrier.
At Figure 9 on the Drawings is exhibited an arrangement and combination
of packing pieces which I employ for adjusting and regulating the various
tools and apparatus employed in the several operations of shaping, pressing,
ornamenting, and piercing, when such operation is performed in relation to
their corresponding parts, and also in relation to the pressing or resisting
medium, whether the pressure is obtained by the means herein described or
by any other convenient arrangement. Figure 9* shews a modification of the
use and application of the adjustable packing to the operation of cutting out,
and shews its combination with a cutting knife or punch, and consists in
making the parts of a skeleton or hollow form, such as is shewn in section at
Figure 9, by which arrangement the material can pass entirely through the
cutting tool and adjustable packing, Figure 9. a and b shew the adjustable
packing, the top portion b, which is the tool carrier, while a is supposed to be

page_text: placed over or held by pins 1 and 2 to either of the carriers, as described;
3 is an adjusting screw pin for retaining 6 in any desired position in relation
to its corresponding pressing surface.
It will appear evident that the machine and general arrangements above
described can be modified without departing from the principle of this part of
my Invention, such, for example, as placing the tools upon a moveable parallel
and adjustable slide, combining such tools with adjustable packing pieces, or
two or more tools may be placed upon a moveable arm, which may be placed
upon a centre or made to radiate, so as to bring the tools into proper position
in reference to the required pressing or cutting action as may be required, but
I prefer to employ the arrangements and combinations described and illus-
trated herein. I do not limit or confine imyself to the particular arrangement
of framing or the means described for obtaining the pressure; nor do I claim
the special arrangements shewn for imparting the necessary pressing action;
but what I do claim and consider this part of my Invention to consist of, is
the use and application of one or more moveable tool carriers, and the system
of arranging two or more tools upon such carriers, and the means and method
employed for adjusting the tools, consisting of adjustable packing pieces shewn
at Figures 9 and 9ª, and the general arrangement and system of combining,
arranging, and actuating the several parts, as herein-before described and set
forth.
The second part of my Invention is a machine for "paring," "polishing,"
or "reducing" the edges of soles or heels of boots and shoes, and consists
chiefly in the mode of imparting motion to the part to be operated upon, also
in the general arrangement of the machine, which will be readily understood
by reference to the Sheet of Drawings, where Figure 13 represents a side
elevation, and Figure 14 a partial plan partly in section. All the details of
this machine are secured and arranged in its framing A, the motion being
communicated by any suitable prime mover through the shaft B, which carries.
the fast and loose drums 1 and 2, and the grooved wheel 3 imparts motion by
means of a gut band and a pully C to the shaef D, upon which is secured the
cutter E and roller, as shewn, and which pares the sole. This cutter can
be easily replaced by any other reducing or polishing instrument. On the
shaft B is also secured a worm F, which gears into the worm wheel G made
fast upon the shaft H, which shaft also carries the cain G shewn more clearly
at Figure 15. This cam serves partly to impart the design and travelling
motion through the lever K to the compound slide M and N, in which latter
slide is fixed dua secured a stud O carrying the arm or bracket P, between
the-two extremities of which are securely held the several parts a, b, c, d, and e,

page_text: shewn at Figure 16, and consisting of a template b for regulating the design,
the plate or part c, which is made fast to the stud O, and on which the
template is secured by two pins, as shewn. On these pins a block C is placed,
between which and the upper block c is contained the sole d to be operated
upon. There is a spindle F reduced at one end to a centre point, and which
is raised or lowered at pleasure by means of the lever g, which is secured in
the top part of the bracket, as shewn. The bracket P is free to revolve on the
stud O, and is so formed and arranged as to be capable of passing round the
template b and blocks, as also round the cutter, roller, and pendant, hollow
bearing which forms a part of the framing, as shewn, and against which
hollow bearing the bracket comes in contact, but being freed on its bearing,
the several parts held within it and between the centre f and studs are not
impeded in their travel round the instrument E and roller *. There are two
springs I and J secured to the framing at 4 and 5, and also to the free slide N
at 6 and 7, and which latter slide, together with the springs I and J, the
peculiarity of their application, action, and combination with the said or
similar slide, form the principal feature of this head of my Invention. The
action and effect of these springs on the slide is so equalized and regulated,
that any forciable deviation of the slide N from or beyond either side of its
balanced point of rest (which is indicated by the vertical central red line shewn
at Figure 13 would be resisted by the spring, from which the slide is forced
or moved, and will be drawn towards its central line of rest with more or less
force, according to the strength of the spring and the distance which the slide
is moved from the central line described; and as the roller * is placed in this
line, the design template, Figure 17, is held close up to it during the travel
of the slide M, which travel is obtained by the cam G, it being so formed as
to impart the necessary backward and forward travelling action, the trave!
being continued in one direction until the template is drawn, by means of
either of the springs 4 or 5, past the central line, after which the travelling
slide M is reversed, and the template made to bear against the roller * on the
opposite side, the opposite spring holding it close up to the roller, as described,
until the operation is finished, after which the sole d is removed by raising the
centre pin f by means of the lever g, thus releasing the top block e. Another
sole can then be introduced, when the machine will be ready ready for another
operation. The revolving instrument or roller or template forms no part of
my Invention except when employed in combination with the arrangements
described; but what I consider it to consist of is the means and method
employed for travelling, presenting, and holding the material to the revolving
instrument, consisting of the general arrangements, construction, and disposi-

page_text: tion of parts, by which means the material is presented and held to the
revolving instrument, as herein-before fully described and illustrated.
The third head of the Invention consists of a machine for splitting soles,
heel pieces, welts, or other material to be employed in the manufacture of
boots and shoes, which may be found desirable to part or split.
Figures 18 and 19 represent two views of an upright framing, to which is
attached or connected a bracket A and the friction wheels B and C, the
former being upon a stud in an eccentric C', as shewn, which increases or
diminishes the distance of the two drums, and serves to tighten or slacken the
knife, the eccentric being retained in a proper position for that purpose, which
is done by an ordinary tightening screw; the wheel C is made fast upon the
shaft D, on which is placed a fast and loose drum, shewn at Figure 19.
Figures 20, 21, 22, and 26 exhibit, on a larger scale, several portions of the
machine and parts connected therewith, Figures 23 and 24 being for the
purpose of illustrating the results which can be obtained. Figure 20 is
the principal part of the machine, and which is made fast upon the bracket A
of the framing. At Figures 18 and 19 the several parts are shewn on the
bracket, and also at Figure 21, in section, where they can be clearly under-
stood. The moveable slide E, which is shewn in its holding part E', is
furnished with bearings F and F¹, in which is placed the frame G, which is
free to move on its centres in the said bearings. In the frame G is placed 3
distinct pieces 1, 2, and 3, inclines being formed on each part corresponding
with the other. The parts 1 and 2 having a spring at 4 for the purpose of being
pressed together by the part 3, which is forked, and with corresponding inclines,
it being furnished with a pin or handle 5 for the purpose of forcing it against 1
and 2, between which parts the material X is shewn, and held ready for cutting,
small edges or projections being formed upon 1 and 2, as shewn more clearly in
the enlarged section, Figure 21, to prevent the material passing through the
holders during the operation of cutting, which is effected in this instance by means
of the band knife 6, the material being presented to it by the operator taking
hold of the handles H and H, and traversing the slide in the direction of
the arrow's flight until the cutting action is completed, the knife having been
previously put in motion by means of the driving shaft D, to which motion
is imparted by any convenient prime mover, when the travel is completed
and the material cut, after which operation the forked inclined piece is drawn
towards the space 7, by means of its handle 5, which will permit the spring
4 to force out the 2 holders 1 and 2, and which will have the effect of
relieving the material, which can then be readily removed, and the slide G
drawn to its former position. By the arrangement described the material

page_text: can be cut exactly in the centre and equally divided, or it can be cut with the
same arrangement of an unequal thickness or obliquity, as illustrated at
Figure 23, and the manner in which this is accomplished is by moving
the frame G in the bearings F and F to any desired angle out of the
horizontal line, as indicated by the dotted lines 8 and 9 at Figure 18, where
the framing G and some of the parts are shown in section; the screw pin O
serves to retain the frame G, and consequently the material in it firmly at any
desired position in its bearing during the cutting action of the knife. Figure
21 shews another modification of the frame G, where the description of
holders differ, and also the means for actuating them; by this modification
different thicknesses can be obtained, but of uniform substance throughout,
such as is illustrated at Figure 24, where the dotted line indicates the line of
cut. This result is obtained by having one of the pieces fixed, 1ª being the
fixed piece, while the other is moveable, and by which arrangement any
thickness can be inserted between the holding surfaces, the irregular surface
being on the side of the moveable piece 2ª, and the regular one being next the
piece 1 during the cutting operation, the portion H of the handle, which is
furnished with a thread, together with a screw pin P, to adjust the piece
1*, and retain it in any set position as may be required, while the opposite
position of the handle, and the screw pin P¹ serve to presss the moveable
holder 2 to the material. The handles H and H' may be formed into a
right and left handed screw, as shewn at Figure 25, which is an enlarged
view, & on reference to which Figure, it will be seen that provision is made
for connecting or disconnecting the handles, as may be desired, by means of a
suitable pin being inserted in the hole shewn in the separate parts of the
handles at the said Figure. By this arrangement both sides 1 and 2ª of
the holder can be moved equally and simultaneously, by which the same results
can be obtained as by the holding arrangements shewn at Figure 20, the
frame G¹ being set at the proper angle, and retained there by the tightening
pin O in its bearings for that purpose. Figure 26 shews another method by
which the oblique cut is obtained, and by which means the material can be
cut into irregular parts, as shewn at Figure 23, and which consists of forming
the holding surfaces of the pieces 1 and 2, and 1 and 2, into inclined or
slanting surfaces, as shewn at the Figures, where the holders are shewn in
section, and of the form referred to. In this arrangement the frame G or
G need not be moved from its horizontal line, but in these different
modifications the original principle of the machine is not departed from, which
consists in the mode and means of holding and presenting the material to
the knife, and combining such parts and means, or any of them, with the

page_text: cutting arrangement illustrated, or any other suitable instrument. Should it
be thought desirable to employ guides and packing pieces, they can be easily
connected to the arm or bracket 12. and 13 shewn projecting from the
framing, Figure 18. I do not claim the frame, as shewn Figures 18 and 19,
nor do I claim the band knife or any special form of knife for carrying this
part of my Invention into effect, except when employed for the purposes and
in the manner described, but what I do claim under this. head of my
Invention, is the use and application of the several arrangements, combination
of parts, and details illustrated, and represented at Figures 20, 21, 22, 25,
and 26, whether such parts or combination of parts be employed in connection
with a band knife or any other cutting instrument.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my Invention
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect,
I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to the
precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe or
refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from
the principles or main features of my Inventions.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.