IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAKES, BISCUITS, SWEETMEATS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CAKES, BISCUITS,
SWEETMEATS, AND THE LIKE." A communication from abroad by J. Henry
Mitchell, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1881.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London.. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAKES, BISCUITS, SWEETMEATS, AND THE LIKE." [A communi-
cation from abroad by J. Henry Mitchell, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.]
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for the manufacture of
cakes, biscuits, and sweetmeats, and comprises the following distinctive and novel
features, that is to say:-
A machine constructed according to my said Invention is provided with a dough
or material box or chamber which has its nozzles or outlets elevated from the pan
on the pan holder so as not to touch the same, also with mechanism for inter-
mittently advancing the pan, and mechanism for separating the holder from the
box, or vice versa, whereby the dough or material leaves the nozzles or outlets in the
form of streams, and is deposited on the pan. When the holder and box separate
the streams of the dough or material break, some remaining on the pan as the
shaped biscuit or sweetmeat, and some remaining as pendants from the nozzles, the
pendant being ready to adhere to the pan when the flow continues.
The said Invention also comprises the combination in a machine for the above
named purpose of a material box, a pan supporting table, au endless conveyor and
its drums or pulleys, and a positively operated ratchet wheel having differential
teeth, whereby the conveyor receives variable motions.

page_text: It also comprises a novel feeding device, a novel press chamber, also means for
depositing cakes, biscuits, or sweetmeats, and ornamenting the same after they are
shaped or baked, employing the same machine for both operations, and without
removing them from the pan on which they were originally deposited.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a swinging table which is
mounted at one end on a shaft, which has its bearings on the frame and carries a
ratchet wheel, with which engages a pawl hung on an arm loosely fitted to the
said shaft, said arm receiving motion from a cam shaft by means of a connecting
rod attached to the crank pin of a gear wheel. Fixed to the second shaft-are two
cams which are adapted to bear against rollers journalled to the table and by
rotation to elevate the table at intervals.
The said gear wheel meshes with another wheel on a shaft to which power is
imparted by any suitable means; an endless chain is passed around a pulley connected
to the first named shaft, and a pulley mounted on the end of the table opposite to
the said shaft. This endless chain is provided with upright studs or pins which enter
openings in the pans, and the sides of the conveyer are grooved for the side edges of the
pan, the beginning of the grooves being flaring. The number of inches in the length
of the pan or circumference of the wheel is a multiple of the number or difference of
teeth upon the ratchet. The cam shaft has on its end opposite to the gear wheel a
crank for working the ratchet wheel of the dough chamber. This crank is slotted to
make the required stroke wanted. The connection of the crank and ratchet wheel is
made by a connecting rod and swinging arm on the same shaft as the ratchet.
This arm carries a pawl which engages with the teeth of a ratchet wheel of the
feed roller. The dough chamber is placed upon the top of the frame of the machine
and is fitted between them in such a way as to stop all motion, yet it can be taken
off for cleaning. This chamber or hopper holds the dough and guides it into a
feed cylinder. This feed roller has 6 telescoping wings fitting to the length and
diameter of the cylinder. The wings are guided on each end of the cylinder and
follow its true circle as the feed roller rotates. This feed roller is placed out of the
centre of the cylinder, and is in contact with one side of it. In rotating the roller
the spaces between the wings are filled with dough from the hopper, carrying it
into the compressing chamber; the wings by degrees telescope into the feed roller
as they approach the side of the cylinder, in .contact with the roller and as they pass
this point they by degress project and thereby scoop the dough between them as
before. The six wings are constructed as follows, that-is-to say:-Every wing is
joined with the one opposite to it by studs on each end keeping them apart the
same distance as the diameter of the cylinder. The studs work loosely through
holes in the feed roller and allow the wings to pass in and out of the groove in the
roller as it rotates.
The press chamber is made in three parts, which I will call the yoke, frame, and
nozzle plate. The yoke slides into the press chamber upon the taper grooves. The
frame slides up and down in the yoke by action of the table, and the four springs
pressing upon the studs projecting through the chamber and resting upon the
frame. A nozzle plate is bolted to the frame and is provided with nozzle and
projecting studs, the studs resting upon the pan, and the nozzles a short distance
above it during the deposit.
The dough or other material is placed in the chamber and the winged roller
rotated by hand so that the dough is forced and fills the press chamber. When the
material appears in the nozzle the machine is started by applying power to the
shaft. The rotation of the shaft causes the cam shaft to rotate by the connecting
gearing, thereby elevating the table, also working the two ratchet wheels and their
connection, one ratchet working the pan feed and the other the feed roller.
As the cams lift the table it comes in contact with the studs or stops of the
nozzle plate, causing the frame to lift by pressing and overcoming the tension of
the springs; this compresses the dough in the chamber, causing it to flow out upon
the pan below; after the deposit is formed the cams lower the table, and the
springs press the frame down, following the table for a short distance, enough to

page_text: stop the flow of dough by release of the pressure, after which the table continues
to lower and the connection of deposit and nozzles is broken. The pan then travels
for another deposit. When the frame is at its lowest position the feed of the roller
is made simultaneously with the pan motion.
The above machine is made for cakes, biscuits, and sweetmeats, depositing and
ornamenting the same after they are baked. Adhering to the pan by the heat in
baking, in this condition they are put through the machine a second time and an
ornamental design deposited upon them, the heat of the articles drying the said
deposit, thereby saving time in comparison with the old way of ornamenting. Tho
relative positions of the cake depositing and the ornamenting nozzles must be the
same to make the second or ornamenting deposit upon the cakes or the like. The
machine always moves the pair, the same making it particularly adapted to
ornamentation of cakes or the like. In ornamenting cakes or the like not made
up on this machine they are placed upon a tray or pan with receptacles upon it to
hold the cakes in position to receive the ornamenting deposit, the positions of
which are properly located.
In practice I use two feed chambers with their respective nozzle plates complete
with the same relative position of nozzles, one holding the dough and the other
the ornamental material, and as they are not fastened to the machine I can change
them in a few minutes. Each is provided with a ratchet and arm, and the only
connection to be made is the connecting rod to the arm which is hooked in.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th January 1882.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF CAKES, BISCUITS, SWEETMEATS, AND THE LIKE." A communi-
cation from abroad by J. Henry Mitchell, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for the manufacture of
cakes, biscuits, sweetmeats, or other confectionery, and comprises a material-box,
a pan supporting table, and mechanism for moving one vertically towards and
away from the other, whereby when the machine is in operation the material flows
from nozzles upon the pan, and when the deposit is made the connection between
the deposit and the box breaks. It also comprises means for imparting to the
pan-conveyor intermittent movements of different extent. It also comprises stops
which depend from the base of the material-box and are of greater length than
the nozzles, so as to securely hold the pans upon the table and prevent the closing
of the bottom of the said nozzles.
It also comprises a rotary feeding device, whereby the material is properly fed
to or towards the discharge nozzles without necessitating the stoppage of the
machine to re-charge it, and the wings of the said device readily clear themselves
of dough or the like. It also comprises a press-chamber of novel construction and
operation, as hereinafter described. It also comprises the employment in con-
nection with the primary hopper, having the feeding devices and other parts of a
secondary hopper having feeding devices and other parts, the two hoppers being
interchangeable, so that after cakes or the like have been baked they may be
ornamented by the same machine..
The said Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a vertical section of my improved machine, and
Figure 2 is an end elevation tliercof.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts in both of these Figures.
A represents the frame of the machine, and B the driving shaft suitably mounted
thereon; C represents a swinging table, which is mounted at one end upon a
shaft C. This shaft has its bearings on the frame A and carries a ratchet-wheel D,
shown in dotted lines in Figure 1. With this ratchet-wheel engages a pawl E
hung on an arm at E¹, which is loosely fitted to the shaft C₁, and receives motion
by means of a connecting rod E attached to the crank-pin of a fly-wheel, which
is mounted on the frame A. The shaft of this fly-wheel carries a toothed
wheel E, which gears with another toothed wheel C₁ keyed or otherwise secured
to the shaft B, to which power is imparted in any suitable manner.
To the shaft D¹ of the wheel E are secured cams F, and to the table Care
journalled rollers F¹; these cams are adapted to bear against the said rollers, and
by their rotation elevate the said table at intervals.
G represents an endless chain or pan-conveyor passed around pulleys G', G¹¹, at
opposite ends of the table, and provided with studs or pins, which engage with
the pan; the pulley G₁ is placed upon the shaft C which carries the ratchet-
wheel D.
The number or difference of the teeth upon the said ratchet-wheel D is a multiple

page_text: of the number of inches in the length of the pan or the circumference of the pulley
around which the chain passes.
For example, if the length of the pans and the circumference of the chain-wheel
aro thirty six inches, and the number of teeth in the ratchet-wheel be six, the
motion of the latter will represent six inches of motion of the pan, and six motions
one entire revolution of the chain-wheel and the length of one pan. The position
of the teeth upon the said ratchet-wheel is as follows, that is to say:-The first five
teeth are five and three fourths inches apart, and the last or sixth tooth is seven and
one fourth inches apart from the fifth; the total is thus thirty six inches. This
arrangement will make the last motion of the pan as it passes out from under the
nozzle one and a half inches greater than the others. This increased motion will
carry the pan clear of the space beween the pans and their edges.
H represents the material-box or hopper and feed-chamber, which is supported on
the frame A above the table C; the portion H¹ of this hopper is somewhat cylin-
drical, and forms a chamber for the feed-cylinder J, whose shaft or bearing J' is
mounted excentrically on the walls of said portion H', so that the cylinder occupies
an excentric position within the chamber H'; on the shaft J' is secured a ratchet-
wheel K with which engages a pawl L hung on an arm L¹, which is loosely
mounted on the shaft J¹, and has connected to it a rod M; this rod is operated
by means of a crank M' on the shaft D¹, the said crank being slotted to allow of
the adjustment of the stroke of the rod M and the throw of the pawl L
The cylinder J is grooved radially and is fitted with wings N, which are con
nected in pairs, so that the width of a pair is greater than the diameter of the
cylinder; therefore when the cylinder rotates within the chamber H₁, and as it is
in contact with one part of said chamber, the wings at one end are guided by the
ends of the said chamber H¹, and are forced into the cylinder, and those at the
other end are forced out of the cylinder when the former wing reaches the
contiguous part of the chamber H¹.
The press-chamber below the chamber H¹ is formed of three parts, consisting
of the yoke P, the frame Q, and nozzle-plate R. The yoke P depends from and is
dovetailed to a rim P¹ at the bottom of the chamber H¹, and the frame Q is fitted
to the yoke so as to have a rising and falling motion thereon, and has connected
to it or bearing against it bolts S which are passed through the said rim P', and
are encircled by springs T which bear against studs or shoulders on the said bolts
so as to depress the frame.
Depending from and secured to the nozzle-plate R are stops R', which are longer
than the nozzles of the said plate, so that when the pan-table and the material-box
approach each other the said stops press upon the pans and hold them firmly.
This provision of the lengthened stops also prevents the closing of the bottom of
the nozzles, so that the flow of the latter is not interrupted from below.
The dough or other material is placed in the hopper H and the cylinder
or roller J rotated by hand, so that the material is forced into the press-chamber
through the space between the cylinder and the wall of the chamber H' by the
wings which project from the cylinder, the said space being in the present case on
the left hand side of the chamber, as shewn in Figure 1.
When the material appears in the nozzles the machine is started by applying
power to the shaft B. The cams F then elevate the table C, the rod M operates
the ratchet-wheel K, and consequently the feed-cylinder and the ratchet-wheel D
moves the pan-feed or conveyor. As the cam F lifts the table C, the latter comes
in contact with the studs or stops of the nozzle-plate R, causing the frame Q to
rise, the tension of the springs T being overcome. This compresses the dough in
the chamber H', and causes it to flow out upon the pan below. After the deposit
is formed the cam F permits the table C to descend, and the springs T. press the
frame downwardly, following the descent of the table for a short distance, that is
to say, a distance sufficient to stop the flow of the dough by the release of the
pressure. The table continues to descend, and the connection of the deposit and

page_text: the nozzles is broken. The pan then travels for another deposit, and the feed of
the cylinder or the roller J is simultaneously made with the said motion of the
pan, after which the other operations above stated are repeated.
For ornamenting cakes and the like I employ a secondary hopper and feed-
chamber provided with a feed-cylinder and a press-chamber. This hopper is
pivoted to arms V, which are fulcrummed to the frame A, and the connection
between the rod M and pawl-carrying arm L' is separable. Either of the hoppers
and appurtenances may be brought into service, and when the desired one is
properly located over the pan-conveyor, the rod M and arm L' are connected, and
the work may be begun. When the said hopper and its appurtenances are to be
removed, the said rod and arm are separated, and the hopper with its parts is
raised by the arms V at the right hand side of the upper part of Figure 1, the said
arms being of angular form or having feet at their lower ends to sustain the hopper
in its elevated position.
One hopper receives dough or the like, and the other hopper receives the
ornamenting material, and the relative positions of the nozzles of the two hoppers
are the same, and the change from one hopper to the other may be readily made.
After cakes or the like are shaped or baked, the dough-hopper is removed and
the ornamenting nozzle lowered. The cakes after being baked are again run
through the machine and have an ornamental design deposited upon them, the
heat of the cakes drying the ornamental deposit. The saving of time by this
second operation over the old method being considerable.
Instead of the table C being moved away from the hopper, the latter may
be moved away from the former without departing from the principle of my
Invention.
:
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. In a machine for the purposes specified, the combination with a material-
box of a pan-supporting table and mechanism for moving one vertically towards
and away from the other, so that when the machine is in operation the material.
flows from the nozzles upon the pan, and when the deposit is made the connection
between the deposit and the box breaks, as above set forth.
Second. The pan-conveyer in combination with the ratchet-wheel- D and the
operating mechanism, the said ratchet-wheel having differential teeth, substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
Third. The base of the material-box in combination with pendant stops R',
which are longer than the nozzles, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The feeding chamber having a cylinder or roller which is provided with
movable feeding wings, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The press-chamber having a rising and falling nozzle-plate-frame with
depressing springs in combination with the rising and falling table, substantially
ás and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. The yoke, the frame, the nozzle-plate, the chamber with the rim, and the
springs, combined and operating substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Seventh. Two interchangeable hoppers with feeding devices and discharge
outlets, one for shaping cakes or the like, and the other for ornamenting the
same; both hoppers being connected to the frame and disconnected from each
other, and having their feeding devices adapted to be operated by the same means,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Eighth. A hopper with a feeding device and discharge nozzles in combination
with a secondary hopper having a feeding device and discharge nozzles both
connected to the frame of the machine so that either of the said hoppers may
be brought into service, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Ninth. The hopper in combination with the arms V having the supporting feet,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: Tenth. A machine for the manufacture of cakes, biscuits, sweetmeats, and the
like, consisting of the parts constructed, combined, and operating substantially as
above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
W. KOB, LAKE. (L.S.)