matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: °
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Holland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1873.
I, HENRY HOLLAND, of Birmingham, Tool Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of gas for
illuminating and heating purposes.
The nature of my Invention is as follows:-I combine atmospheric
air with any suitable hydrocarbon liquid (by preference benzoline) or
with the vapour thereof, and submit such combination to the action of a
red heat, with or without the aid of lime, chalk, burnt clay, pumice-
stone, coke, or other suitable substance. By this means a highly
illuminating gas is formed which will burn through any kind of burner.
One method of carrying my Invention into effect is to allow the
hydrocarbon liquid to flow sparingly into a heated retort provided with
entrance for the liquid and the necessary quantity of atmospheric air,

page_text: and with an outlet for the combined gas or vapour. As the liquid flows
into the retort air is introduced therein, where it combines with the
vapour of the liquid and forms the gas, which is then conveyed from the
retort either by means of an exhaust or otherwise, through condensing
apparatus to a holder for storage and use. The retort may be simply
heated or may be charged with lime or other suitable substance, but I
prefer to have it charged with lime.
A second method is to saturate the lime or other substance with the
hydrocarbon liquid, and place the same in the heated retort, air being
introduced therein and the combined gas led away as above described.
A third method is to carburet the air with the hydrocarbon liquid
by any suitable and well known means of carburetting air, and to pass
the air so carburetted through the heated retort, either charged as
before described, or simply heated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FORMATION OF DISHES AND PLATES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pryce Hughes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1873.
I, PRYOE HUGHES, of 14, London Street, Hyde Park, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND FORMATION OF DISHES AND PLATES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and formation of dishes and
plates whereby the liquor or gravy within them is free to run or
flow to one side to facilitate its removal by a spoon, or for separating
the gravy to facilitate the cutting up operation without producing
splashes.
The dishes and also the plates are made with the bottom rim or bezel
of a greater height at one part than at another in order to tilt the top
surface upon which the meat is ordinarily placed. The top surface may
however be formed with an inclination by being made thicker at one
part than at the other.

page_text: By the employment of this Invention in dishes and plates for ordinary
dining purposes the gravy is kept clear of the meat, and splashes are
prevented being thrown about during the operation of cutting as is now
the case with flat bottomed dishes and plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEROID BAROMETERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1873.-A communication from abroad by Lucien
Ripamonti and Daniel Ripamonti, Opticians, of Caudéran, near
Bordeaux, France.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANEROID BAROMETERS," to be
as follows:-
· These improvements relate to the mode of indication and to the
mechanism employed for indicating the variations produced on the
vacuum chamber of an aneroid barometer by the
pressure of the
atmosphere, and for this purpose I make use of two or more dials, the
first of which by the rotation of its needle records the usual weather indi-
cations whilst the second is used to indicate clearly or multiply on its
circumference fractions of such indications given by the first. For this
purpose I connect the vacuum chamber with a spring, the motion of which

page_text: multiplied by levers, wheels, or other appropriate mechanical agents
causes the indicator to run over the face of the first-mentioned dial, and
I connect the spindle of this first indicator by multiplying machinery
such as wheels with the spindle of the second indicator so that fractions
of the first dial multiplied in length on the second dial will admit of
more accurate reading.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING AND PRESERVING MILK, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, THE SAME APPARATUS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Anderson Rust and
John Frederick Nicholls at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd May 1873.
We, ROBERT ANDERSON RUST and JOHN FREDERICK NICHOLLS, of
30, Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING AND
PRESERVING MILK, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR, THE SAME APPARATUS BEING
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The milk is first cooled to a temperature of about 60° Fahrenheit,
and is then heated in a steam bath to about 180° Fah. or 190° Fah*.,
and thence is drawn into a vacuum pan, and the vacuum pump
worked so as to draw off the vapour from the heated milk, care being
taken that the temperature shall be kept at about 160° Fah*. until
towards the close of the operation, when the milk is nearly condensed.
The milk is then to be placed in jars or vessels, which should be covered
to keep out dust and so forth, but do not require to be hermetically
closed.
The vacuum pans we use we prefer to make broader, and consequently
having a larger surface at the top, which will be found advantageous as
a means for boiling in vacuuo in many cases.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CUPOLAS AND BLAST FURNACES, OR OTHER FURNACES USED FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwin Heys at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1873.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CUPOLAS AND BLAST FURNACES, OR OTHER FURNACES
USED FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to the use of a chamber combined with the
furnace into which the molten metal flows, and in which chamber the
metal is submitted to a current of air or steam. For this purpose I
build an arch constituting a false bottom, situate below the tuyeres, thus
constituting a space between the said false bottom and the sole of the
furnace. The molten metal runs through an aperture or apertures into
the chamber thus formed, which according to my Invention I provide
with a way or ways through which I blow or induct air or steam, or the
two combined.

page_text: Instead of forming a chamber as above described for the reception of
the molten metal I can employ a chamber outside the furnace, in a
similar manner to that described in the Specification of a Patent granted
to Josiah Swain, dated 16th June 1870, No. 1723, into which chamber
I blow or induct air or steam as above described.
A NEW SELF-FEEDING AIR-TIGHT STOVE FOR HEATING GREENHOUSES, Rooms, AND Outhouses, AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Thomas Osborne and
Ricardo Palmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th January 1873.
We, DANIEL THOMAS OSBORNE, of Westoe, South Shields, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, and RICARDO PALMER, of Lonsdale,
Palmerston Road, Southgate, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
SELF-FEEDING AIR-TIGHT STOVE FOR HEATING GREENHOUSES, Rooms, AND Outhouses,
AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a self-feeding air-tight stove for heating
greenhouses, rooms, outhouses, and other buildings, and is so constructed
that no deleterious gases or obnoxious escape of any kind can possibly
occur and mix with the air in the place heated. This is accomplished
as follows: An enclosed stove A, see accompanying Drawing, having
no outlet of any sort into the room to be heated, but is carried down
below, as seen at B, and having at its bottom a pipe or like com-
munication with the outside of the building which admits the
requisite air for its combustion below the fire-bars D. A chimney or

page_text: pipe E being placed above the stove and so out at the top of the
building to be heated. This stove will hold sufficient fuel for many
hours.
The inlet F for feeding the stove may be inside or outside the building,
and the whole when advisable lined with fire-brick.
The combustion is regulated by a damper G placed in the air inlet
pipe C, or similar means before-mentioned, which communicates with the
bottom of the stove below the fire-bars.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Augustin Grimston at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th March 1878.
I, Thomas AugUSTIN GRIMSTON, of Clifford, in the County of York,
Shoe Thread Manufacturer and Yarn Spinner, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN STEAM ENGINES,”
to be as follows:-
These improvements have for their object economy of fuel. This
economy I propose to effect by heating or superheating the steam pipes,
side pipes, and cylinders of steam engines.
The means employed to heat or superheat these pipes, side pipes, and
cylinders are by surrounding them with flames or jets of gas or oil or
both combined.
Gas pipes fitted with burners or pierced with holes are applied either
in circles vertically or horizontally to the steam pipes, side pipes, and
cylinders, and through these gas pipes the flames of gas or oil are con-
veyed to and surround the exterior of the steam pipes, side pipes, and
cylinders. This network of gas pipes is enclosed everywhere by a casing

page_text: of sheet iron, which confines and concentrates the heat. I use by
preference whatever kind of gas or oil may be best available either
for cheapness or heat giving properties.
Where oil is used I apply it also by placing within the said sheet
casing as many wick lamps as may be needed to attain the temperature 5
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SURFACES AND PICTURES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Barraud at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
September 1873.
I, HENRY BARRAUD, of St. Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF PHOTOGRAPHIC SURFACES AND PICTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a means of improving the artistic effect of
photographic pictures produced by light printing from negatives, and
consists in the application thereto of a lined, dotted, stippled, or other-
wise varied ground in the manner hereafter described by which some of
the effects of a line or stippled engraving may be imparted to the
picture.
According to my Invention I obtain upon the sensitized or other
surface on which the picture is to be produced an impression from one
which
or more plates, stones, or other suitable printing surfaces upon
lined, dotted, stippled, or otherwise varied designs have been engraved,
drawn, or otherwise produced. The character of the ground thus
obtained, and the color of the ink or pigment in which it is printed may

page_text: be varied to suit the subject of the picture or of the different parts of the
picture to be produced.
Instead of applying the said ground to the surface before the photo-
graph is printed, it may be applied after the picture is fixed, either by
printing as before from a plate, stone, or other surface or by transferring 5
(from a sheet of paper or other material upon which the said ground has
been printed) an impression thereof to such parts of the picture as may
require it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN. CONCRETE BUILDING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
September 1873.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of South Hylton, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN. CONCRETE BUILDING," to be as follows :—
In the construction of concrete buildings it is usual to employ frames
or moulds composed of planks, deals, or battens, between or within'
which the materials for forming the wall are placed; when the wall
has been built to a certain height the lowermost planks, deals, or battens
are removed and placed upon the top of the other planks, deals, or
battens, and this operation is repeated from time to time as the wall
gets higher, as is well understood.
My Invention consists of improved means of fastening or attaching
together the planks, deals, or battens, whereby I obtain steadiness of
work, simplicity of arrangement, facility in shifting the planks, deals, or
battens, and economy in first cost.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I employ fasteners composed of metallic
plates about 2 inches in width, more or less, and of a length about an
inch or more greater than the width of the planks, deals, or battens.
The upper ends or heads of these plates are bent so as at that part
to stand out about half an inch from the face of the planks to which
the said plates are screwed. The head of each plate is on a level
or nearly so with the upper edge of the plank to which it is screwed,
while the tail or lower end projects about an inch or more below the
lower edge of the same plank. The planks are fastened together by
simply placing one plank edgeways above another plank, so that the
tails of the fastenings of the upper plank enter the spaces between the
lower plank and the heads of the fastenings of the said lower plank.
Bolts are as usual carried transversely from the planks at one side of the
wall to those at the other, so as to keep the planks of the two sides at
the proper distance apart.
When the wall has been built to a certain height, and it is required
to move the lowermost planks, the bolts which pass through these planks
and through the wall are withdrawn, and the planks may then be lifted
and placed above the other planks, the bolts being again inserted and
the same operation is repeated again and again until the wall is of the
required height.
-
In some cases I also employ a cramp or hasp for the purpose of
securing together the fasteners of adjoining planks on the same level.
This cramp or hasp is a plate with depending or cranked ends; it is
inserted behind the heads of the two fasteners, which in this case are
made wider at the heads, and its depending or cranked ends clamp the
two together. According as these hasps are straight or bent the fasteners
can be placed horizontally, perpendicularly, at right angles, or at any
other angle to each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY, OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Alexander Lyttle, of the Grove, Hammer-
smith, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY, OF RAILWAYS."
Scaled the 11th March 1873, and dated the 15th January 1873.

page_text: of the chair or that part which unites the two sides or jaws shall be pre-
vented in the following ways from coming into contact with and thereby
indenting and weakening the under surface of such rail; this indentation
being now recognized as a source of serious loss and danger.
Firstly. I make the chair deep enough between the jaws to admit of
the insertion underneath the rail of a cushion of asphalte, or of a piece
of oak or any other strong fibrous or clastic substance.
Secondly. I construct the chair, so that whilst it rests upon the
upper surface of the sleeper at the two sides of the rail, and can be
spiked, trenailed, or bolted there as at present, it shall also overlap by
means of a right angled flange one of the sides of the sleeper, and can be
secured to that side of the sleeper by spiking or bolting through holes in
that flange also. This side flange, forming the connecting rib which
unites the two jaws of the chair, passes along the side of the sleeper
underneath and clear of the rail from one jaw to the other. The rail
when then set in position will rest directly on the timber of the sleeper,
or on a. slab of oak, asphalte, or other strong elastic and durable
substance not calculated to give way itself nor yet to indent and damage
the rail as does the metal of the chair at present. Similar arrangements
of chair may also be employed in the case of stone, iron, or other hard:
sleepers, with this exception that with such sleepers the rail must not
rest directly on the iron or other hard indenting material of which the
sleeper is formed.
Instead of having the second form of chair mentioned above cast in
one solid piece, it may be made in two pieces jointed with horizontal
movement in the part which connects the two jaws, and the jaws can
thus be made to close like a pair of pincers on the rail, and so obviate
the necessity for using wooden wedges to key the rail fast. After the
jaws are thus closed on the rail, the chair spikes are driven home, and it
is thus secured immoveably.
AN IM- PROVED BRICK
Year: 1873

page_text: זו.
LETTERS PATENT to Shuckforth Downing, of Felixstowe, in the
County of Suffolk, Estate Agent, for the Invention of "AN IM-
PROVED BRICK."
Sealed the 25th July 1873, and dated the 8th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Shuckforth Downing:
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th May 1873.
I, SHUCKFORTH DOWNING, of Felixstowe, in the County of Suffolk,
Estate Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED BRICK," to be as follows:-
The said improved brick is composed of sand, beach shingle, and

page_text: A strong brick is made by useing for its manufacture about three parts
of sand, three parts of shingle, and one part of cement. The sand gives
a light colour to the bricks.
The materials are thoroughly mixed together by a suitable machine,
and sufficient water having been added to make the mass plastic, the 5
same is well stirred and afterwards placed in moulds. The moulds are
made in pieces for the purpose, and are greased before being used.
When the bricks are dried sufficiently to become hard, the parts of the
mould are separated and the bricks are taken out and stacked.
These bricks require no compressing machinery and no artificial 1
drying. They may advantageously remain in the mould for one day,
and in good weather are ready for use within one week. They are very
cheap and much stronger than clay bricks, and well adapted for all the
purposes for which clay bricks are used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Shuckforth Downing in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SHUCK-
FORTH DOWNING, of Felixstowe, in the County of Suffolk, Estate Agent,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Shuckforth Downing, Her special
licence that I, the said Shuckforth Downing, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Shuckforth Downing,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
uso, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED BRICK," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the

page_text: understood that I claim, an improved brick, consisting of the above
specified materials, and manufactured in the manner herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Shuckforth Downing, have hereunto"
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
threc.
I
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IRRIGATING, SPONGING, SYRINGING, AND ADMINISTERING INJECTIONS AND DOUCHES TO THE HUMAN OR ANIMAL BODY
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Blundell at the
Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
July 1878.
.76
IT
:
I, WALTER BLUNDELL, of Guilford Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IRRIGATING, SPONGING,
SYRINGING, AND ADMINISTERING INJECTIONS AND DOUCHES TO THE HUMAN OR
ANIMAL BODY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus for the
purpose of irrigating, washing, and sponging wounds or sores of the
human or animal body, and for administering injections and douches.
The apparatus consists of a flexible hollow ball or other form of vessel
made of caoutchouc or its preparations or of other suitable elastic or
flexible materials or combinations thereof, which vessel is provided with
a nozzle or outlet tube, so that by inserting the vessel in a collapsed
state in water or other liquid it may be filled. The nozzle is provided
with suitable flanges, one for insertion into the inlet of the vessel to
hold the nozzle securely thereto, another to receive a small india-rubber

page_text: hemispherical collar or washer to secure the sponge and maintain its
position on the ball or vessel.
The sponge is so arranged in a hollow or dished form to resemble a
cup, which when inverted serves to enclose or surround the part to be
washed, syringed, or otherwise treated, leaving an internal space for the
free flow of the liquid or water to the affected part, the ball or vessel
being free to be grasped by the hand of the operator. By these means
the part affected may be washed or syringed, and wiped dry at one
operation.
The apparatus may be made of any required size and used for general 1
ablutionary purposes, in which case the nozzle may be furnished with a
rose or other form of outlet for the more extended distribution of the
water or liquid. Other absorbent fabric or combination of fabrics may
be used in lieu of sponge, or an ordinary syringe of metal, glass, bone, or
ivory, may be used in lieu of the collapsible ball. For vaginal purposes
the nozzle should be made according to the usual forms.
The collapsible ball or vessel may in some cases be furnished with
a non-return inlet valve in addition to the ordinary inlet, for the
more rapid supply of liquid. The sponge may be of any desired
shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF COAL GAS TAR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rowley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1878.
I, JOHN ROWLEY, of 84, Camberwell Road, in the County of Surrey,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WORKING OF COAL GAS TAR," to be as follows:-
I take the coal gas tar and its homologous products, either together or
separate, and treat them with acids, alkalies, and chlorino; I then distil
and obtain benzole, anthracine, and other products suitable for making
aniline dyes.
AN IMPROVED TUCK CREASER, QUILTER, OR MARKER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Robert Chapman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th February 1873.
I, EDWARD ROBERT CHAPMAN, of Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED TUCK CREASER, QUILTER, OR MARKER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved device for creasing or marking
fabrics for hand or machine sewing and other like purposes. It
consists of a slotted plate fixed in a handle and marked with a suitable
gauge. In this plate one or more marking wheels are mounted in
brackets fitted in the slot so as to be adjustable at any desired distance
apart. The wheels have thin milled edges to mark the linen or other
fabric over which they are passed with slight pressure. By means of
this device a number of straight or curved lines may be marked or
ruled at equal distances apart to crease the fabric where a tuck is to

page_text: be made or to serve as guides for the sewing in quilting and other
similar work.
By using an adjustable pin as a centre the device may be used for
marking scollops and marking out patterns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Orlando Ball and Edmund
Jowett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st August 1873.
We, ORLANDO BALL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Mechanic,
and EDMUND JOWETT, of the same Place, Harness Tier-up, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD
ENGINES, "to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the card cylinder, or to a means of turning
it back without operating the "block" or frame carrying the lifting bars
of the said engine, or any part of the loom to which it is applied. And
the improvements consist in the application of a shaft to the opposite
side of the engine to the cylinder, and on each end of which shaft is
fixed a crank, connected by a rod to the cylinder. Loose on this shaft
is a lever arm connected by a link to the "block" or frame; on this
shaft is also a clutch box, capable of sliding thereon, into or out of
gear with the said lever arm when required. This clutch is held in
gear by a spring when the jacquard engine is in work, but when it is
required to be stopped and turned back the attendant by means of a

page_text: lever can throw the clutch box out of gear and work the cylinder back
to get the cards right without affecting the harness or any part of the
loom. Motion is given to the "block" or lifting bars by rod connected
to a crank on the loom shaft in the usual manner, and the "block"
gives motion to the cylinder when the clutch box is in gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN FIRE-GRATES.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Hart, of 11, Palaco Road,
Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN FIRE-GRATES.”.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by the said Georgo William Hart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th February 1878.
"
I, GEORGE WILLIAM HART, of 11, Palace Road, Upper Norwood,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OPEN FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in open fire-grates.
For this purposo I construct the grate or receptacle for fire of clay, fire-
clay, fire-stone, or of metal, and of such a form that air for combustion
has access to the fuel through perforations at the bottom and sides, and

page_text: the products of combustion make their exit through perforations at the
back into the chimney or flue; and I also provide louvre openings or
other adjustable apertures abovo the fire-place for the escape of the
products of combustion when desired to reduce the draught through the
perforated back of the grate.
I also form the said grate or receptacle for fire in such manner that
the front portion shall be lower than the back, and that the bottom of
the grate shall slope downwards towards the front; and in order to
facilitate the removal of ashes from under the grate or receptacle for
fire I support it in such a manner that it may be lifted up in front, and
tilted backwards. Or I place the said grait or receptacle on legs, feet,
or standards, so that it may be withdrawn from the chimney or flue,
and replaced with facility.
For the removal of soot I construct a drawer or chamber below, and
at the back of the grate, into which such soot may fall, and whence it :
can be easily removed by lifting the front part of the grate, and removing
the said drawer with its contents.
I prefer that the entire grate or receptacle of fuel shall be made in
one piece, and of five-clay or similar substances, and that as little
iron or other metal as possible shall come into contact with the fuel.
I also construct the fire-place in such manner that the grate or
receptacle for fire instead of being deeply recessed in the chimney shall
stand out and in advance of the fluo, so that heat may be radiated in all
directions, and that as little heat as possible allowed to escape up the
chimney or flue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC WIRES OR CONDUCTORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rubery at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
December 1873.
I, JOHN RUBERY, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEGRAPHIC WIRES OR CONDUCTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in telegraphic wires or
conductors, whereby lightness and strength are obtained together with
improved and increased conductive surface. For this purpose I employ
hardened and tempered steel wire in place of the copper or other wires
usually employed; and I cover or coat such wires with copper or other
good conductor of electricity, either by electro-deposition or by other
means; or the wires may be coated or covered with compound metals or
bronze.
For submarine or other purposes I protect the above described
telegraph wires with india-rubber, gutta percha, or other insulating
materials.
By employing hardened and tempered steel wire elongation when in
an is provented
MORE COVENIENTLY AND MORE EFFECTUALLY SUPPORTING WINDOW TICKETS AND OTHER TICKETS WITHOUT THE AID OF ANY DETACHED CONTRIVANCE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walter Newport at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd September 1873.
I, WILLIAM WALTER NEWPORT, of 87, Tavistock Crescent, Westbourne
Park, London, W., in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "MORE COVENIENTLY AND MORE EFFECTUALLY
SUPPORTING WINDOW TICKETS AND OTHER TICKETS WITHOUT THE AID OF ANY
DETACHED CONTRIVANCE," to be as follows:-
That this Invention consists of a sharp pointed pin, the top of which
is bent in a circular shape, through which an eyelet is placed extending
through and is clenched to a piece of linen, union, or other strong
fabric, and by means of which eyelet the pin is firmly and securely
fixed to the said piece of strong fabric, which is afterwards sub-
stantially adhered by glue or other very adhesive matter to the back
of a piece of cardboard on which the ticket may be written. These
ticket supporters are permenantly attached to the tickets, and thereby
saving much time and inconvenience, and tickets having these sup-
porters attached are not liable to fall from the articles on which they

page_text: are placed, which is often the case with other contrivances. These
supporters are also entirely out of sight when the tickets are placed
.upon
articles displayed, and therefore are not detrimental to the
appearence of the tickets; nor does this Invention in any way tend
to destroy the tickets, as is the case with the use of ordinary pins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF ARCHES, BRIDGES, FLOORS, CEILINGS, AND OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES, ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AND OTHER LIKE ERECTIONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Stone at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1878.
I, ROBERT STONE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF ARCHES, BRIDGES, FLOORS, CEILINGS, AND OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES,
ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WALLS AND OTHER LIKE ERECTIONS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in a peculiar formation of the blocks of
material which form the arch or the wall.
Arches may be constructed on this principle of concrete or other
composition, or of cast or wrought metal, or in some instances they may
be made of compressed or moulded brick clay.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings, at Figure 1, it will be seen
that the blocks forming the arch are made with zig-zag surfaces, and so
arranged that they intersect each other when in position,

page_text: A is the arch started from any suitable wall or bearing, or what
bricklayers call skewback; C aro blocks or stones which fill in tho
arch; B is the keystone that holds the blocks C in position.
It will be seen upon reference that this formation of arch gives
extreme strength, as you must crush the whole material before the 5
arch will give way.
In constructing arches according to this Invention I lay the blocks
on a wood centre or frame, and when all the blocks are filled in the
wooden centre or frame is removed and the arch completed.
The part of this Invention which relates to the construction of 1
walls of concrete or other moulded blocks and cornices is illustrated at
Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
The blocks a are moulded with a male and female key piece 6 on
alternate sides, and when placed in position, one block over the other,
the key or binding piece serves to hold the blocks together, and 1
prevents rain or damp striking through the wall.
This Invention is applicable to the construction of all kinds of arches
for floors, roofs, bridges, ceilings, or other like purposes.
Walls and cornices or other like erections may be constructed of
concrete or moulded blocks according to this Invention.
20
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR UTILISING SEWAGE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Flewitt Milnes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on.
the 31st October 1873.
I, JOHN FLEWITT MILNES, of Park Valley, in the County of Notting-
ham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR UTILISING SEWAGE," to be as follows:-
In convenient places in the sewer I cause a series of pits to be sunk in
and below the bottom of the sewer of from eight to ten yards deep, more
or less, according to the amount of sewage passing through the sewer;
the diameter of the said pits will vary, say in a sewer of five feet
diameter, the mouth or top of the pit will be about three feet, which
being quite open the solid parts of the sewage will quickly fall to the
bottom, the pit being constantly full there will be a continual deposit of
matter going on so that in a short time the pits will be full of manure
of considerable value; the deposit in the pits may be assisted by
employing a grating or gratings on the edge of the pits on the fall side;
these gratings the nearer they are to the outfall of the sewer I prefer
should be made a finer guage, thereby ensuring the water passing being

page_text: comparitively free from solid matter; the sewage after passing the pits
and grates may be caused to pass through filtering strata of divers
sorts.
The means I employ for removing the deposits from the pits are as
follows: On the crown of the sewer over each pit an opening is made t
or left when built of a size to correspond to the size of the pit. Through
this opening I lower a tube of iron or other material by means of a
crane or other equivalent means on to the top of the pit; the bottom of
the tube fits close to the top of the pit so as to exclude the flowing
sewage at the top of the pit, and yet not hinder its escape past the tube. 1
The top of the tube I construct so as to conform to the shape of the
opening in the crown of the sewer, so as to effectually prevent the escape
of offensive gas during the operation of emptying the pit. I then lower
a bucket or buckets with valves or moveable bottoms into the pit, and
when the proper depth is reached I cause the said valves or bottoms to 1
be closed so as to retain the manure in the bucket, which is then raised
by a windlass or equivalent means, and the manure is deposited in a cart
or other receptical.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1878.
I, ALEXANDER HENRY, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
3 North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
-
This Invention relates to improvements in breech-loading fire-arms,
and it consists,―
Firstly. In a striker hinged or jointed on a pin or stud fixed in the
under side of the breech piece, to effect the ignition of the cartridge.
The striker is situate within a slot or opening formed in the breech piece,
and it is acted upon in firing the cartridge by a hammer impelled
against the striker by the main spring of the fire-arm.
The Invention also relates to a combined bolt and catch, by which the
lever hinged to the under side of the fire-arm for operating the breech
action, is retained in its position against the under side of the trigger

page_text: plate, and by which the trigger may also be locked so as to prevent the
hammer from being moved from the "cocked" position. The upper end
of the bolt, which is formed with a hook or projecting piece, passes
through a slot in the trigger plate, and at its lower end the bolt is
terminated in a pin situate in the upper part of the rearward extremity &
of the lever in which it is free to move from side to side, so that by
pushing the pin to one side, the head of the bolt is brought opposite the
rearward part of the trigger and catches upon the upper side of the
trigger plate, whereby the trigger and also the lever are bolted in
position.
Under another arrangement the combined bolt and catch is attached
to the under side of the trigger plate by a pin or stud. A notch is
formed in the back of the trigger, and an opening is made in the rear-
ward end of the lever into which a projection on the under side of the
trigger plate enters when the lever is at its raised position. A notch or
slot is formed in the projection into which the rearward end of the bolt
enters through a slot formed in the lever, and thereby locks the lever in
position, the trigger being simultaneously locked by a portion of the bolt
or catch entering the notch formed therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMPOSITION OF ARTIFICIAL MARBLES, STONES, AND CEMENTS OF EVERY KIND, IN MAKING THEN FIRMER, HARDER, LESS ABSORBENT, AND MORE ABLE TO HEAR EXPOSURE TO AIR, WATER, AND OTHER INFLUENCES THAN HITHERTO, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE MAKING OF PAINTS AND AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: 2
and
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Rowbotham¸
George Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th February 1873.
We, SAMUEL ROWBOTHAM, Operative Chemist, of 24, Leighton Road,
Kentish Town, London, and GEORGE RICHARDSON, Gentleman, of
Chignal Hall, Chignal St. James, near Chelmsford, Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
COMPOSITION OF ARTIFICIAL MARBLES, STONES, AND CEMENTS OF EVERY KIND, IN
MAKING THEN FIRMER, HARDER, LESS ABSORBENT, AND MORE ABLE TO HEAR
EXPOSURE TO AIR, WATER, AND OTHER INFLUENCES THAN HITHERTO, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE MAKING OF PAINTS AND AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR LEATHER AND OTHER LIKE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
To mix plaster of Paris, Keene's cement, or any cement usually
employed in making artificial marbles, stones, receptacles, slabs, and
other similar articles, with a solution of albumen, such as the white of
egg, or that obtained from the blood of animals, or from fish or
vegetables, in various proportions, according to the article to be made,
and afterwards coagulating the albumen so mixed, by submitting the
mixture to the proper temperature for effecting such coagulation; or by

page_text: saturating it with carbolic acid, chloride of mercury, tannic acid,
arsenious acid, creosote, alcohol, or any other substance which has the
property of coagulating albumen.
The composition of albumen with any earthy, metallic, or other base,
cement, or other substance, when so coagulated is suitable for the t
manufacture of artificial marbles or stones of various kinds to be
moulded into baths, cisterns, and other receptacles, chimney pieces,
pillars, cornices, tombstones, monuments, tablets, and statuary of every
description, picture frames, slabs, tiles, billiard tables, furniture of
various kinds, air and water-tight coffins, and various other articles, and 1
will be firmer, harder, less absorbent, and more able to bear exposure to
air, water, and other influences than such articles otherwise made have
hitherto been found to be. The albumen may also be used either alone
or mixed with other substances, such as oils and the like, and with
pigments to form varnishes and paints for various purposes, and for 1
coating fabrics to make them water and damp proof or to make a
substitute for leather. The albumen of such compositions to be fixed
or coagulated by heat, or by the action of chemical substances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONES, WHICH IM- PROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS OTHER SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS SODA AND ALUM, AND ALSO TO FIBRES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thaddeus Hyatt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1873.
I, THADDEUS HYATT, of Gloucester Gardens, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONES, WHICH IM-
PROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS OTHER
SUBSTANCES, SUCH AS SODA AND ALUM, AND ALSO TO FIBRES," to be as follows:-
-
According to one part of my Invention I form stones or rocks of any
kind and dimensions from the materials of which the particular sort of
stone or rock is composed by first dissolving the binding material of
whatsoever nature it may be, whether oxide of iron, clay, lime, silicate,
or other substance, or combination of substances, in water, into which
the other materials have been placed, and then by applying the direct
pressure of a column of water causing the solid material in the mass to

page_text: the manufacture of the fronts of buildings, for columns, pillars, piers,
cornices, window frames, and other parts constituting the fronts of
buildings; and for hearths, chimney backs, and mantels in buildings;
as well as for useful and ornamental articles of every description in the
arts.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PEDIMENT OR CISTERN BAROMETERS, AND IN THE MEANS OF FILLING THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher George and Henry
Porter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th January 1873.
.
We, CHRISTOPHER GEORGE, of Herne Hill, in the County of Surrey,.
Staff Commander, R.N., and HENRY PORTER, of the Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Optician, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PEDIMENT OR CISTERN BAROMETERS, AND IN
THE MEANS OF FILLING THE SAME," to be as follows: -
Our Invention relates to mercurial barometers of the kind known as
pediment or cistern barometers, and is more particularly designed to
render the instruments more conveniently portable and therefore better
adapted for the use of explorers, travellers, and others, by affording the
means of readily filling the glass tube with the mercury when the
instrument is required for use, so that when not in use the empty tube
may be packed in a suitable case and the mercury carried in a separate
receptacle, the tube being much less liable to breakage when empty
than when filled with mercury
The Invention will also be of service to makers of the instruments by
reason of the case with which the tube may be filled. Hitherto it has

page_text: been a matter of some difficulty to eliminate the bubbles of air which
remain imprisoned in the tube when the mercury is poured in, and
recourse has been had to boiling the mercury and to other expedients
to expel the air.
According to our Invention we make the cistern in which the mouth
of the tube is immersed open at the bottom, so that when inverted the
mercury may be poured into the cistern whence it passes directly into
the tube without the use of any funnel, thereby obviating risk of
spilling and losing the mercury. A twisted or spiral cord having
attached to its extremity a brush or feather is first passed into the tube
until the brush or feather reaches the closed end. The mercury is then
poured in and becomes broken into globules, which pass down between
the cord and the sides of the tube; a twisted gut cord coated with a
suitable solution to prevent contact of the greasy surface with the
mercury will answer the purpose. Circular or rotary motion is then
given to the cord which is thereby forced or floated up out of the
mercury, the brush or feather sweeping the sides of the tube and thus
collecting all minute air bubbles and causing them to rise out of the
mercury. This operation may be repeated one or more times until the
tube is filled. The bottom of the cistern is then closed tightly with a
vulcanized india-rubber stopper and the instrument may now be brought
to its proper position, the mouth of the tube being always immersed
in the mercury in the cistern in whatever position it may be. The
upper stopper, through which the mouth of the tube is fitted in the
cistern, is then loosened to give the atmosphere access to the mercury
in the cistern.