IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FROM ANILINE IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Pinkney, of Bread Street Hill, in the
F
City of London, Ink Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FROM ANILINE IN DYEING AND
PRINTING."
Sealed the 22nd December 1870, and dated' the 30th June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Pinkney at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th June 1870.
I, ROBERT PINKNEY, of Bread Street Hill, in the City of London,
Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF COLORS FROM ANILINE IN DYEING AND
PRINTING," to be as follows:-
:-
Hitherto in order to produce the colors known as aniline blacks it has
been proposed to employ in conjunction with salts of aniline and an
oxidizing agent certain metallic salts, such, for example, as copper,
antimony, and iron, and more particularly salts of copper.

page_text: Now this Invention relates to the production of colors from aniline,
and more particularly of that color known as aniline black, and consists
in the employment for that purpose of salts of aniline in conjunc-
tion with a salt or compound of nickel as a substitute for salts or
compounds of copper and of the other before-mentioned metals, together
with the employment of an oxidizing agent, in order that by this
improved method aniline black may be applied either for the purposes
of dyeing, printing, writing, or marking goods or fabrics composed of
either wool, silk, linen, or cotton, or mixtures of one or more of the
same.
When applying my Invention for the purposes of dyeing I either
employ a bath consisting of a solution of a salt of aniline, of a solution
of a salt of nickel, and of a solution of an oxidizing agent, such, for
example, as chlorate of potash or chlorate of soda, in which the goods
or fabrics are immersed, or I employ a preliminary bath consisting of
a solution of a salt of aniline, and then immerse the goods or fabrics in
a second bath containing a solution of the oxidizing agent, viz., chlorate
of potash or chlorate of soda, and of the salt of nickel. The dyed goods
and fabrics after being treated by either of the before-mentioned methods
are to be aged and subsequently submitted to an alkaline bath, as is well
understood by aniline black dyers.
The proportions in which the several ingredients may be employed.
will vary according to the goods or fabrics to be dyed and the desired
degree of color to be produced, but I have found the following pro-
portions to give good results, viz., about 320 parts by weight of a salt
of aniline, such, for example, as the chloride of aniline, consisting of
about 160 parts by weight of aniline and about 160 parts of hydro-
chloric acid, about 20 parts of a salt of nickel, such, for example, as the
chloride of nickel, and an oxidizing agent, such, for example, as the
chlorate of potash or the chlorate of soda, in the proportion of about
25 parts of chlorate of potash or about 60 parts of chlorate of soda or
mixtures of the same may be employed together with about 610 parts
of water.
The operation of dyeing may be performed at the ordinary tempera-
ture, but an increased temperature may sometimes be advantageously
adopted.
Instead of employing a bath containing the whole of the ingredients,
as before mentioned, the constituents of the bath may be subdivided, the

page_text: one bath consisting of the salts of aniline, and the second of the
salt or compound of nickel and the oxidizing agents, as before
described.
When applying my Invention for the purposes of printing or marking
I employ in conjunction with the salt of aniline by preference the
chloride of aniline, cither the soluble salts of nickel, the chloride of
nickel, for example, or I employ an insoluble salt of nickel, such, for
example, as the sulphide of nickel or mixtures of the soluble and
insoluble salts, and I also employ in addition thereto or in conjunction
therewith an oxidizing agent, such, for example, as chlorate of potash or
chlorate of soda, together with a thickening material, such as gum,
starch, or dextrine.
For the purpose of printing I employ the materials in about the
following proportions; these proportions will vary according to the
nature of the goods to be printed and the intensity of the color it is
desired to produce, but I have found that about 320 parts by weight of
a salt of aniline, chloride of aniline, for example, consisting of about
160 parts by weight of aniline and 160 parts by weight of hydro-
chloric acid, and about 20 parts by weight of a salt of nickel, the
chloride for example, about 25 parts of chlorate of potash or 60 of
chlorate of soda, and about 640 parts by weight of water, and about 200
parts of gum, starch, dextrine, or other thickening material will give
good results.
When applying my Invention for the purpose of writing or marking
I employ the before-mentioned materials in about the same proportions
as I employ for the purposes of printing. The printed, written, or
marked goods or fabrics are to be submitted to an ageing or oxidising
process, and subsequently to the action of an alkaline bath, as is well
understood by aniline black printers.
The salt of aniline which I prefer employing for the before-mentioned
purposes is the chloride, but other salts may be substituted; and the
salts or compounds of nickel which I prefer to employ are the chloride
and the sulphide, but other salts or compounds of nickel may be
substituted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Pinkney in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th December 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
PINKNEY, of Bread Street Hill, in the City of London, Ink Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Robert Pinkney, Her special license that I, the
said Robert Pinkney, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Robert Pinkney, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
COLORS FROM ANILINE IN DYEING AND PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Robert Pinkney, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Pinkney, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :-
Hitherto in order to produce the colors known as aniline blacks it
has been proposed to employ in conjunction with salts of aniline and
an oxidizing agent certain metallic salts, such, for example, as copper,
antimony, and iron, and more particularly salts of copper.
Now this Invention relates to the production of colors from aniline,
such as green and purple, and more particulatly of that color known as

page_text: aniline black, and consists in the employment for that purpose of salts of
aniline in conjunction with a salt or compound of nickel as a substitute
for salts or compounds of copper and of the other before-mentioned
metals, together with the employment of an oxidizing agent, in order that
by this improved method aniline green, purple, or black may be applied
either for the purposes of dyeing, printing, writing, or marking goods or
fabrics composed of either wool, silk, linen, or cotton, or mixtures of
one or more of the same, or of straw, wood, feathers, hair, or leather.
When applying my Invention for the purposes of dyeing I either
employ a bath consisting of a solution of a salt of aniline, of a solution
of a salt of nickel, and of a solution of an oxidizing agent, such, for
example, as chlorate of potash or chlorate of soda, in which the goods
or fabrics are immersed; or I employ a preliminary bath consisting
either of a solution of a salt of aniline, and then immerse the goods or
fabrics in a second bath containing a solution of the oxidizing agent,
videlicet, chlorate of potash or chlorate of soda and of the salt of nickel;
or the preliminary bath may consist of an oxidizing agent with a salt of
nickel, and the after bath may consist of a salt of aniline as before
described. The dyed goods and fabrics after being treated by cither of
the before-mentioned methods are to be aged, and subsequently sub-
mitted to an acid or an alkaline bath according to the color or shade
which it is desired to produce. Thus, for instance, if it be desired to
produce a green color or shade I employ an acid bath, such, for example,
as a solution of nitric acid. If it be desired to produce a black or purple
color then an alkaline bath is employed, the strength of which baths
will be dependent upon the color or tint it is desired to produce, as is
well understood by aniline black dyers.
The proportions in which the several ingredients may be employed
will vary according to the goods or fabrics to be dyed, and the desired
degree of color to be produced, but I have found the following pro-
portions to give good results, viz*. about three hundred and twenty parts
by weight of a salt of aniline, such, for example, as the chlorido of
aniline, consisting of about one hundred and sixty parts by weight of
aniline and about one hundred and sixty parts of hydrochloric acid,
about twenty parts of a salt of nickel, such, for example, as the chloride
of nickel, and an oxidizing agent, such, for example, as the chlorate
of potash or the chlorate of soda, in the proportion of about twenty-

page_text: five parts of chlorate of potash or about sixty parts of chlorate of soda,
or mixtures of the same may be employed together with about six
hundred and forty parts of water.
The operation of dycing may be performed at the ordinary temperature,
but an increased temperature may sometimes be advantageously adopted.
Instead of employing a bath containing the whole of the ingredients
as before mentioned the constituents of the bath may be subdivided, the
one bath consisting of the salts of aniline and the second of the salt or
compound of nickel and the oxidizing agents as before described.
'
When applying my Invention of the purposes of printing or marking
I employ, in conjunction with the salt of aniline, by preference the
chloride of aniline, either the soluble salts of nickel, the chloride of
nickel, for example, or I employ an insoluble salt of nickel, such, for
example, as the sulphide of nickel, or mixtures of the soluble and
insoluble salts; and I also employ in addition thereto or in conjunction
therewith an oxidizing agent, such, for example, as chlorate of potash or
chlorate of soda, together with a thickening material, such as gum, starch,
or dextrine.
For the purpose of printing I employ the materials in about the
following proportions. These proportions will vary according to the
nature of the goods to be printed and the intensity of the color it is
desired to produce, but I have found that about three hundred and
twenty parts by weight of a salt of aniline, chloride of aniline, for
example, consisting of about one hundred and sixty parts by weight of
aniline, and one hundred and sixty parts by weight of hydrochloric
acid, and about twenty parts by weight of a salt of nickel, the chloride,
for example, about twenty-five parts of chlorate of potash, or sixty of
chlorate of soda, and about six hundred and forty parts by weight of
water, and about two hundred parts of gum, starch, dextrine, or other
thickening material will give good results.
When applying my Invention for the purpose of writing or marking
I employ the before-mentioned materials in about the same proportions
as I cmploy for the purposes of printing. The printed, written, or
marked goods or fabrics are to be submitted to an ageing process
according to the color required, and subsequently to the action of an
alkaline bath when it is desired to produce a black or purple color, and

page_text: to an acid bath when it is desired to produce a green color, as is well
understood by aniline black printers.
The salt of aniline which I prefer employing for the before-mentioned
purposes is the chloride, but other salts may be substituted, and the
salts or compounds of nickel which I prefer to employ are the chloride
and the sulphide, but other salts or compounds of nickel may be
substituted.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
novel and therefore claim as my Invention is, the production of colors
from aniline by the employment of a salt or compound of nickel in
conjunction with a salt or compound of aniline together with an
oxidizing agent in the manner as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Pinkney, have to this my
Specification set my hand and scal, this Twenty-second day of
December One thousand cight hundred and seventy.