Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Domestic Fire-grates.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Domestic
Fire-grates.
NELSON DAWSON, Swan House, Chiswick Mall, London, W., Metal Worker, I
do hereby declare the nature of this my invention to be as follows;-
My invention relates to an improvement in domestic grates & a re-adjustment
of the parts of same whereby a larger proportion of heat is obtained & the whole
of the fire being well within the room there is more comfort. None of the
brick setting & fixing required by ordinary grates is here needed-it being
possible to set this fire-grate against any ordinary plain flat wall, provided a
hole of proper size & position has been made in such wall & proper connection
with the fire-grate established for the carrying off of smoke. Once having been
so rightly placed the fire-grate can be removed or replaced by any unskilled
person for the purpose of cleaning or sweeping the chimney.
I append hereto a sheet of drawings,
Fig. 1 is a front view of the fire-grate.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the fire-grate.
Fig. 3 shows a plan of the fire-grate & the hearth beneath.
In carrying out my invention I construct a metal back-plate A of suitable thick-
ness & size to the front of which are attached vertically-& projecting therefrom
two metal cheeks G G lined in the parts holding the fire with fire-brick F FF
& having metal bars () of suitable design affixed to prevent the said fire from
falling out. The fire rests on a metal grating L under which is a metal drawer M
to catch the ashes that fall-& is used to hasten or retard combustion.
The metal cheeks G G stand upon & are affixed to the metal hearth E which
is itself attached at its back-edge to the back-plate A.
To the top of the metal cheeks G G is attached the metal hood H that covers
the smoke hole-this hood being also attached to the metal back-plate A.
The metal hearth is so placed as to have an air space between it & the floor of
the room on which it rests, for safety. It rests on its edge E & in this edge may
be provided holes or clips or other arrangement for the temporary placing of a
fire-guard.
Nevertheless in necessary cases this hearth may be omitted without altering the
nature of the invention.
The smoke hole C is a rectangular or other shaped opening of suitable size in
the top of the back-plate A & to the edge of this opening is affixed a metal
flange P projecting backward from the metal back-plate A provided to fit into
a corresponding hole in the wall connecting with the wall flue.
A register or metal flap J covers the smoke hole C when necessary or regulates

page_text: the draught. It is hinged at its top edge to the back-plate & opens forward &
upward being kept in the desired position by a graduated quadrant K & pin.
Dated this 6th day of July 1898.
NELSON DAWSON,
Swan House, Chiswick Mall, Chiswick, London, W.
Improvements in the Construction and Arrangement of Domestic
Fire-grates.
I, NELSON DAWSON, Swan House, Chiswick Mall, London, Metal Worker, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to an improvement in domestic fire-grates and a re-adjust-
ment of the parts of same.
1. The fire-grate is so arranged by the particular method of construction of my
invention as to require only that the back should be placed against a flat wall
(a suitable opening into the wall flue being provided) to be in full working order
none of the usual brick setting or other fixing being required Thus it need
not become a fixture in a house.
2. The parts being all joined together (excepting the ash-tray and fire-iron
holders) it becomes in a manner one piece and an unskilled person can remove
or replace it.
3. The fire is thrust forward so that the greatest amount of heat comes into the
chamber and the fire is not directly under the flue.
4. By the vertical position of the smoke hole with relation to the position of
the fire the least amount of heat passes into the chimney. The combustion is
more steady and the chances of down draught are less, especially where a space
or chamber has been left behind the fire-grate.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the fire-grate constructed in the manner forming my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a plan or horizontal section of the same. Similar letters in the draw-
ing and this specification are used.
In carrying out my invention I prepare an upright metal plate A having in
it a hole C suitably shaped and placed for the escape of the smoke.
To the front of this plate A projecting therefrom and in an upright position
I affix two suitably, shaped metal cheeks G, G.
To these cheeks G, G, and to the back-plate A. I affix the metal hood H which
covers the smoke hole C, collecting and guiding the smoke thereinto. At a
suitable distance from the bottom of the cheeks G, G, and to their front edge are
attached the metal bars 0, removable or fixed, of any suitable design which form
the fire basket and hold in the fire. The fire is supported underneath by the
metal grating L which rests on metal fillets attached to the inside of cheeks, G, G.
The space cecupied by the fire is lined at the back and sides with fire bricks F,
F, F.
Underneath the metal grating supporting the fire is a metal drawer M which
slides in and out on fillets attached to inner sides of metal cheeks G, G, and
serves both to catch the ashes and hasten or retard combustion.
At the bottom of the whole is a metal hearth E of suitable shape and size

page_text: attached to the back-plate A and to the cheeks G, G, which cheeks thus rest
on it. It is so shaped that it rests on a narrow outer edge or rim e so as to allow
an air space of about an inch in depth between it and the floor on which it
Tests. On this rim e holes or eyes may be provided in which to place a fire-
guard or fender. But where a stone hearth is provided or for other reasons this
metal hearth being unnecessary may be omitted without affecting the invention.
Hinged to the upper side of the smoke hole C, is a flap or register J opening
forwards and upwards. It can be opened more or less and retained in position
by a graduated quadrant K having holes in which a pin is placed, on which the
Hap or register J, can rest; or the flap can be closed altogether.
Around the smoke hole C, and attached to the edge thereof and projecting
backwards from the back-plate is a metal flange or rim P provided to fit into a
corresponding hole in the wall leading into the flue, and so establishing a con-
nection with the flue.
At a suitable height are affixed permanently or temporally to the back plate
two curved metal rests D D to hold the fire-irons when not in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim
is:-
-
1. The method of arrangeing the upright back plate and the attaching to the
front thereof the fire-grate, cheeks, and all necessary parts combining therewith
as here described so as to thrust the fire forward and for the other advantages
herein and before stated.
2. The method of arranging and placing of the vertical smoke-hole in the
back-plate with register and hood combining therewith as described and the
relative position of the smoke hole with regard to the position of the fire, thus
preventing the fire coming directly under the flue, as is usually the case; and
the arranging of a metal flange attached to the edges of the smoke hole projecting
backwards to fit into the hole in wall leading into flue.
3. The arrangement of the hearth (when used) and the providing an air space
under same, and the arrangement for using a fire guard therewith.
4. By this method of arrangement and design the different parts of this fire-
grate are so attached and fixed together (the fire-iron holders and ash drawer
being unfixed) as to form a complete and whole fire-grate requiring no further
attaching or fixing of parts and thus allowing of its being placed or removed
by an unskilled person.
Dated this 27th day of March 1800