IMPROVEMENTS IN "WATER METERS
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I LEWIS HALLOCK NASH of Brooklyn in the County of Kings and State of
New York one of the United States of America, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN "WATER METERS" and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
In an application for a Patent filed by me of even date herewith, I have shown,
described and claimed certain improvements in water meters, in which an
eccentrically oscillating piston is controlled by means which connect it with the case
in such manner as to form a joint with and divide the latter into receiving and
discharging spaces combined with an abutment adapted to form a joint with and
divide the piston into receiving and discharging spaces such division being effected
at every point in the movement of the piston.
The specific matter of improvement herein consists in a novel means for
controlling the eccentric movement of an open ring piston combined in such
manner with coacting parts that a division of the interior of the piston will be
intermittenly formed at such positions in its movement as will bring its interior
in communication with the inlet and with the outlet ports of the case. In such
construction the water will act upon the inner side of the piston to drive it when
the exterior pressure has ceased to act by reason of the piston having momentarily
covered the inlet and outlet ports outside of the piston.
The distinguishing point of my present improvement is the controlling of the
dividing function of the piston by mounting it upon an eccentric shaft having its
bearings in the case heads combined with an abutment adapted to effect the
division of the interior of the piston at certain points only of its eccentric
movement.
My improvement also embraces matters of construction and of combination
which will be made the subject of specific claim.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of a water meter embracing my improvements
taken on the line y, y of Fig. 2, which represents a horizontal section on the line xx
of Fig. 1. Figures 3 and 4 represents similar sections showing different positions
of the piston. Figure 5 represents a vertical section taken through the inlet and
outlet ports on the line of Figure 3, Fig. 6 represents a vertical section of the
piston, Figure 7-represents a modification of my Invention.

page_text: The case A. is preferably of cylindrical form and has at one sido an extension
chamber divided so as to form the inlet passage I and the outlet passage O, which
connect by branch passages with the inlet and outlet ports T T and O¹ O³ in the
cylinder heads.
A radial abutment A¹ extends from head to head of the case divides the inlet
and outlet ports and terminates within the piston in a head or an enlargement A'
of such form as to divide the piston into receiving and discharging spaces at
certain points in its movement. The piston B is shown of ring form open from
end to end and is of such diameter relatively to the chamber of the case and to the
enlarged end or head of the abutment as to allow the piston to have an eccentric
movement within the case to divide it and to be itself divided into receiving and
discharging spaces by contact with the inner wall of the case and the wall of the
enlarged head or end of the abutment as shown.
It has a longitudinal slot at its side adapted to form a joint bearing by its
edges ff with the radial part A¹ of the abutment upon which bearing it is guided
and swings in its dividing function.
It is mounted upon a shaft H having eccentric bearing pins or journals a¹ a¹
fitted in each head of the case as shown in Fig. 1, and is positively controlled in its
eccentric movements by said shaft, co-operating with the guide bearing edges fflin
the sliding movement of the piston upon the radial part A¹, of the abutment which
also forms a joint for the piston upon the opposite walls of the abutment to prevent
the inflow and outflow of the water into and from the piston because in this
construction the interior of the piston is not always divided by the abutment and
hence must form a joint at ƒ ƒ.
In Figs. 1, 2, 8 and 4 the eccentric shaft is placed in the center of the enclosing
case A and the piston is mounted upon it by a sleeve formed upon the end of a
radial arm or web F.extending from the inner wall of the piston, so that the outer
surface of the sleeve practically forms a part of the interior wall of the open-
piston.
The shaft is mounted so as to turn loosely upon its eccentric pins or journals,
and the piston is controlled by it in its eccentric movement in the case so as to
describe a circle around the center of the case. In these Figures the abutment is
shown as having a semicircular head or enlarged end A² and forms a joint by its
inner wall upon the outer surface of the piston sleeve.
1n Fig. 7 the piston is shown as mounted upon the eccentric shaft out of the
center of the case and the shaft passes through the solid body of the piston. This
arrangement causes the piston to describe an elliptical path around the center of
the case but the dividing function of the piston is the same as if it described a
circle. In this arrangement of the controlling shaft the interior wall of the piston
has a conformation adapted to make a joint upon a cylindrical head A³ of the
abutment in certain positions of the piston. In this modification the piston is
shown of oval form but it nevertheless divides the case the same as the ring form.
The wall ports XX' shown in this Fig. 7 extend from head to head of the case and
to increase the capacity of the inlet and outlet ports I¹ Ï³ 0¹ O³ with which they
have direct communication and thus lessen the resistance of the piston to the flow
of the water,
The upper end of the eccentric shaft H passes through the upper head C of the
case, and has a central pin a³ which has a pinion b which meshes with a pinion a
on the shaft d journalled in the head and passing through à stuffing box in a
cap-plate D has a pinion c which engages with and operates any suitable registering
mechanism by which the revolutions of the piston are indicated.
The machine may be used as a pumping engine by applying power to the
eccentric shaft or as a motor by transmitting the power from the piston shaft the
function of the piston to drive the eccentric shaft being the same as the action of a
crank-shaft.
The piston being in the position shown in Fig. 3, water enters through the inlet
the nosts Ti T2 into

page_text: the case and presses against the exterior of the piston forcing it in the direction
of the arrow, the water mean while passing out of the case through the ports 01 0*
on the other side of the abutment to the passage O. In this movement of tho
piston it constantly forms'a joint with the interior wall of the case, and upon the
radial abutment.
In the position of the piston shown in Fig. 3 the water does not enter or leave
its interior, and it is not divided by the abutment, but in passing to the position
shown in Fig. 2, the sleeve of the piston forms a joint with the inner wall of the
abutment and divides the interior of the piston into receiving and discharging
spaces 1 and 0³. In this position the discharging space O³ of the piston opens
communication with the outlet ports O' O2 and the inlet ports II are just on the
point of opening communication with the receiving spaco Is of the piston which is
completed as the piston passes to the position shown in Fig. 4, and the water
entering forces the piston on its return movement.
As in Fig. 2, the piston forms a joint with the case at d the inflowing water will
act upon the outer surface of the piston and drive it in the direction of the arrow 1
so in Fig. 4 the piston forming a joint with the abutment, the inflowing water will
act upon the interior wall of the piston and force it in the same direction.
The interior pressure upon the piston is rendered especially effective in the
position shown in Fig. 4 in which the external pressure upon the piston is not
active because the communication of the inlet and outlet ports with the case
chamber outside of the piston is cut off at this point in the continuous movemenɩ
of piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The combination in a water meter of the case abutment A' A² the open ring-
piston B having a joint connection thereon and an eccentric shaft connecting said
piston with said case with suitable registering mechanism connected with said
eccentric shaft, substantially as described.
2. The open ring-piston B having a side slot and an interior projecting arm or
web terminating in n central sleeve combined with a case having the abutment A' A³
and an eccentric shaft connecting the said piston sleeve with the ineter-case
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
3. The combination of the case-abutment A1 A2 and an open-ring-piston having
a joint connection thereon, with the case & means for positively connecting the
open-ring-piston eccentrically therewith substantially as herein set forth.
4. The combination of the case A and the abutment A' A with an open-ring
piston having an interior confirmation adapted to form a dividing joint with said
abutment part A³, at certain points only of the eccentric movement of said piston
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
5. The combination with the case A and a fixed abutment terminating in an
enlarged head or end A³, of an open ring piston having eccentric bearings a¹ a¹
within the case and an interior conformation adapted to cooperate with the enlarged
head of the abutment to effect an intermittent division of the interior of the piston
substantially as described.
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