A MACHINE OR ENGINE FOR DRAWING, DRAINING, RAISING, OR FORCING UP WATER FROM ALL MINES, MINERALS, COAL PITS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND ON DIVERS OTHER OCCASIONS, FROM GREAT DEPTHS, AND TO GREAT HEIGHTS
Year: 1769

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JENKINSON, of Oswestry, in the County of Salop, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
Lis Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
the Sixth day of December, in the Tenth year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said William Jenkinson, His especial licence that I, the said
William Jenkinson, during the term of years therein expressed, should and law-
fully might use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and also in His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of A MACHINE OR ENGINE FOR DRAWING, DRAINING, RAISING, OR
FORCING UP WATER FROM ALL MINES, MINERALS, COAL PITS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND
ON DIVERS OTHER OCCASIONS, FROM GREAT DEPTHS, AND TO GREAT HEIGHTS;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a provisoc obliging me, the said
William Jenkinson, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and how the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, relation
being thereunto bad) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, I, the said
William Jenkinson, do hereby declare that my said Invention of a Machine
or Engine for Drawing, Draining, Raising, or Forcing up Water from all Mines,
Minerals, Coal Pits, and other Places, and on divers other Occasions, from great

page_text: Depths and to great Heights, is described in the plan thereof and reference
thereto hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jenkinson, have hereunto sett my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of April, One thousand seven hundred
and seventy.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jenkinson, have hereunto sett my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of April, One thousand seven hundred
and seventy.
WILLIAM JENKINSON. (L.B.)
A DESCRIPTION of the PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIO ENGINE, invented by
William Jenkinson, for Raising of Water.
A, a large cistern on the ground, that holds water for supplying and turning
a water wheel; B, a water wheel; C, a double air pump, the basis or bottom of
which is a thin plank, about four foot long and one foot broad, and two boards
about three foot long each, with valves in the middle of cach of them to let in
the air, the end of one of which boards is placed on one end of the said basis
and the other board on the other end of it, and the other ends of the said
boards are raised and joined to each other, which forms a triangular hollow
place over the said basis, and which is made air-tight by boards fitted to each
side of it, and upon the said joining or ridge of the said two boards or trian-
gular place is laid the middle of another thin plank of the same size, with the said
basis or boxom with two valves in it opening upwards to let out the air; and
round the ends and sides of the said planks is nailed to a piece of leather like
a pair of common bellows, and at the end of the upper plank is fixed an arm
or handle with which the said pump is worked, by alternately raising and
depressing each end of the said upper plank which plays upon the said ridge
of the boards that form the said triangular hollow place. D, a large wooden
vessel cased with lead or tin and made perfectly air tight, out of which the air
is exhausted by the said air pumps; E, a metal pipe, which is fixed into the
said triangular hollow part of the air pumps and goes into the said cased
vessel, and by which the air is exhausted out of it by the air pumps; F, F,
two pumps, by which water is raised out of the above said cistern into
another cistern placed over the water wheel, in order for turning the same,
which pumps have two half valves or clacks fixed on a bar which goes across
the bottom to stop the water from running out; and the pistons have valves
at the upper end.or top of them, and are put into the pumps at the bottom or
lower end, through a hole made in the middle of the above cross bar on which
the said valves are fixed, and the lower end or bottom of the pistons are fixed
into the middle of other cross bars, and into the end of which cross bars rods
longer than the pumps are fixed, and go on the outside of the pumps; and
.

page_text: the tops of the said rods are fixed into cross bars a reasonable distance above
the tops of the pumps, and by which the said pistons are worked; and the heads
of the said pumps are made air-tight and large enough to hold as much water
as the pistons throw up at each stroke, with a valve or clack at the bottom of it to
stop the water thrown up by the pistons from running back down the pumps, and
at the lower end of the pump heads large cocks or valves are fixed which let out
the water thrown up at each stroke of the pistons, and into the top of each
pump is fixed a metal pipe, which goes from thence into the said exhausted
vessell, and through which the air is exhausted and drawn out of the heads of
the pumps to make a vacuum for the water to rise at each stroke of the pistons,
and by the pressure of the atmosphere, in which pipes are fixed cocks betwixt
the heads of the pumps and the exhausted vessell to stop the air from going into
the said vessell out of the tops or heads of the pumps after the water is thrown
up by each stroke of the pistons, and whilst the water is running out at the
said valves or cocks fixed at the lower end of the pump heads, and on the
tops of the pump heads another cock is fixed to los in the comon air, and
thereby to permit or force the water thrown up by the pistons to run out at
the said valves or cocks whilst the pistons are descending, after which the said
cocks are immediately turned back.
G, an elevator made of two oval boards or thin planks, with leather
nailed round them, like a pair of comon bellows, the basis or bottom of
which is fixed firmly down on a frame, and a handle or arm is fixed at the
broader end of the upper plank to which a chain is fastered, which goes over
a wheel or pulley, and raises the piston of a pump or other weight at the other
end of the chain, and into the bottom of the elevator is fixed a metal pipe.
going from thence into the said exhausted air vessel, by which the air is drawn
out of the elevator when open or lifted up to make a vacuum therein, and
the upper plank or cover pressed down again by the weight of the atmo-
sphere, with a cock fixed in the said pipe, which opens when the elevator is
lifted up and permits the air to be then drawn out of the elevator, and which
shuts when the elevator is pressed down; and also another cock, fixed in the
bottom of the said elevator, which is turned when the elevator is pressed
down to let the air into it, and turned back and shut when the elevator is
lifted up to keep the air from entering into it.
G, G, another elevator with cocks and pipes made in the same manner as
the other above elevator, to be placed opposite to it, and worked in the like
manner with it.
H, a cylinder of wood or metal, two or three foot diameter and about the
same length, made air-tight and fixed steady down on a frame, and a wooden

page_text: piston something less than the bore of the cylinder, and a skin of strong
leather nailed and fastened round the rim or head of the piston, and also round
the top of the cylinder, to prevent the air from entering that way into it, and
the leather is so large as to permit the piston to go to the bottom of the
cylinder, and also to rise about two or three feet above the top of it, and into!
the bottom of which is fixed a metal pipe, going from thence into the exhausted
air vessell, by which the air is drawn out of the cylinder when the piston is up,
and a cock fixed in the pipe then opens to permit the air to be drawn out, with
another cock also fixed in the bottom, to be opened when the piston is down,
to let in the air, and the piston to rise and to shut when the piston is up to
keep the air from entering into the cylinder.
H, H, another cylinder of the same dimensions, and made in the like
manner, to be placed opposite to the above cylinder, and worked in the
same way.
I, a shaft fixed higher than the head or tops of the water pumps, on which
wheels, pulleys, or cams are fixed, which raise and play the said pistons,
elevators, pumps, &c. alternately, and turn the cocks.
K, K, water pumps or buckets, that go down into the pitts, mines, or
cisterns for raising the water, and which are worked by the water wheel and
elevators, or either of them, according to the greater or less power required to
raise the water intended.
L, the frame in which the said engine is placed.
M, a limax to be used occationally for raising water to turn the water
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