Improvements in the Manufacture of Hoes, Spades, Adzes, Ploughs, and Grafting or Drainage Tools, Part of such Improvements being Applicable for Horse-shoes, and in the Machinery or Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 5th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 19th Oct., 1888
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hoes, Spades, Adzes, Ploughs,
and Grafting or Drainage Tools, Part of such Improvements
being Applicable for Horse-shoes, and in the Machinery or
Apparatus Employed therein.
I, DANIEL SMITH Junior, of Raglan Street, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has for its object to obviate the process of plating, and the construction
of a machine for the purpose of rolling hoes, spades, and the articles mentioned in the
title with greater expedition than has hitherto been possible.
I use a large roll say 3 or 4 feet in diameter for the lower roll which revolves con-
tinuously, if desired, in one direction. Within this roll suitable recesses and con-
figurations are formed for the insertion of the eye or other projection formed on
the mould out of which a hoe or other article is to be made. In conjunction with this
roller and preferably above I use two or more smaller rollers. One of these, pre-
ferably the first one, I use as a driving roll and has a pinion on one or both ends that
gears with a spur wheel or wheels on the lower roll, the pitch line of such wheels
being of the same diameter as the lower roll. The remaining small rolls are either
driven by being geared with the spur wheel on the lower roll aforesaid, or by the
pinion on the first small or upper roll, the direction of rotation being kept the same by
intermediate wheels revolving on studs or bolts passing transversely across the framing,
and between the upper rolls. Each roll revolves in suitable bearings and has screws
over each bearing to determine the thickness of the mould or blade passing between
the rolls. Each of the rolls can descend in their respective guides so as to come into
contact with the lower roll. From this it will be seen that the axes of the upper rolls
are all equal in distance from the axis of the lower roll. I use the words upper and
lower rolls but I do not confine myself to any position in placing the upper or outer
rolls i.e. I may arrange a series of small rolls, and the large or inner roll revolving give
motion to, or receive motion from, the outer roll. The operation of the apparatus is as
follows -A mould is formed and whilst in a heated condition its eye projection is placed

page_text: in one of the recesses formed to receive it in the lower or larger roll. This roll takes
it forward from the operator under the first upper roll which partly reduces the mould,
the lower roll next carries it on under the next roll which further reduces the
mould or blade, then by further rotation it passes under the next, or third, or outer,
roll and is still further reduced, and it may pass between a fourth roll which may
be a very hard and smooth roll for finishing purposes. In the case of very thick
moulds five or six rolls may be used. I prefer the lower roll or inner roll to be
as large as practicable for the purpose of keeping the hoes, blades &c. as straight
as possible, because if rolled concave on the rib side there is a probability of them
cracking on being straightened in the region where the rib joins the eye, and also
to avoid opening the grain of the iron or steel which would tend to mar the finish
in high class work. prefer to form the body of the large roll of a pologonal
form, and on the flats of the pologon I fix loose pieces forming dies, and in these
loose pieces I form the recesses for the eyes, ribs, or shanks that may be desired.
The object of this is to facilitate the renewal of the parts that become worn, and
to enable changes to be made in such die pieces so as to deal with different
classes of articles and to save the time lost consequent on taking a machine to pieces
to get out a whole roll. With this arrangement it will be seen that a boy on taking
the mould from the furnace or machine would place it in its proper recess on the
large roll and let it pass on between the series of rolls before it. Each roll will do
its share of the work (as previously adjusted for) and the blade is delivered on the other
side of the machine. In articles such as hoes they might not readily fall out of
their recesses, and to meet this I place a spindle through each die piece parallel
with the axis of the roll, and on this spindle I secure an L-shaped lever the
extremity of this lever passing up through the eye recess of the die piece. On one
of the outer ends of the spindle I fix another lever so arranged that as the roll
rotates this lever catches a suitable projection & causes the other bent lever to push the
hoe, or other article, out of its recess and it would thus fall to the ground, rolled as it
were, at one operation.
Another modification of this invention is as follows:For the lower roll, or largo
roll, I use a large sector which vibrates on its centre with its arc uppermost I place
this between a suitable framing which serves to carry the pin on which the sector
turns, and also the series of rolls and gearing hereafter to be described. On either
side of the arc of the sector are flanges having teeth. Between these flanges there
is a flat place suitably formed to carry a die, the upper surface of such die being
formed convex to the radius corresponding with the pitch line of the teeth on the
are of the sector. Over this sector and revolving in suitable bearings are three, or
more, rolls, with pinions thereon which gear in with the teeth of the sector. The
first of these rolls is the driving roll and is 'nearest the operator. The operation
is as follows: The sector carrying the die is forward nearest the operator, he places
the mould or blade into the die and sets the driving roll in motion, which causes
the die with the mould or blade therein to pass under the series of rolls, each roll
being so adjusted with screws so as to reduce the mould or blade similar to the
last modification. After passing all the rolls the blade is ejected out of the die, or
in case of blades without eyes would fall off. The sector now being brought back
again ready for the introduction of the next mould by reversing the gearing driving
the rolls into which I arrange a quick return motion if desired. The advantages of
this modification are that no skill is required to work the apparatus and the articles
rolled are nearly straight because of the large radius of the sector. The dies used
can be readily changed thereby making the machine available for a wide range of
work.
For producing hoes etc. flat this sector may be substituted by a flat.table with
the die thereon, and flanges with racks thereon with the pitch line corresponding to
the top of the die, and to obviate the friction of sliding surfaces I use rollers for the
table to roll upon.
Over this table I arrange a series of rolls as in the last described
modification, as will be readily understood.
In forming moulds or blanks the most important point is to have sufficient weight

page_text: in them, as in these rolling arrangements it is easy to elongate the blades to a great
extent; but it is sometimes desirable to widen out a mould or blade partly formed.
This presents some difficulty owing to the eye being formed, in the case of hoes,
within the blades and also by the rib that is formed down the centre of most of
the articles mentioned in the title. Several attempts have been made to widen out
moulds with eyes and ribs thereon, by open-ended rolls with gaps therein, the rolls
rotating continuously and also reciprocating. In the former case it depends upon
the skill of the operator against chance in his placing the mould in exact position
within the gap the least error on his part resulting in the rib being rolled off or
effaced and the eye being crushed and most likely spoiled; and in the case of rolls
with reciprocating rotary motion to commence rolling from the outside of the mould
parallel to the rib is more uncertain and resulting in a great quantity of bad work.,
This is the case even in rolls with gaps the rolls having a reciprocating rotary
motion with gaps formed for the insertion of the article. The result is extremely
uncertain and impracticable in the adoption of high speeds.
This
These defects and uncertainties are overcome by the machine constructed according
to this part of my invention and will produce high class work without special skill on
the part of the operator. This modification is a combined squeezing and rolling
machine and consists of a pair of rolls capable of turning in suitable bearings with
their outer ends projecting from the frame that carries them, and geared together by
pinions, or pinion segments. The end of the lower roll is turned down to receive a
ring, and in this ring is formed any suitable recess or ribs that may be desired.
ring may be changed for others that will suit different classes of work, and thus,
several classes of work may be done without taking out the roll; or I may cut away part
of the lower roll and form it suitable to receive a semi-circular die. On this lower
roll and opposite to the configurations or recess for the eye and rib is formed a weight
for the purpose of causing the lower roll to rest with its recess for eye and rib upper-
most. Between part of the base of the framing and the lower bearing of the roll that
is nearest its projecting end I place a toggle motion which is connected at its centre
or knee joint to a connecting rod the other end of which contains a roller which is
operated by a cam of suitable form on a rotating shaft. Now as this shaft rotates
it operates the toggle motion and thereby raises and lowers the projecting end of the
lower roll. The upper roll rests in its bearing, and is prevented from rising, or is
adjusted by a screw. Now from the preceding description it will be seen that up to
the present neither roll rotates, but as the shaft revolves the projecting end of the
lower roll has an up and down motion and by virtue of the weight on the lower roll
the recess for eye and rib is topmost. When the lower roll is down a mould or blade
with its eye formed thereon is placed between the projecting ends of the rolls and into
the recess formed to receive the eye and rib, and as the toggle joint beneath the roll
bearing is straightened the lower roll is raised and compresses the mould or blank,
thereby thinning the centre thereof, forming the rib, and giving finished form around
where the eye joins into the blade. While the mould or blade is thus compressed by
mechanism hereinafter described the lower roll is caused to rotate driving the upper
roll and so roll the mould or blade out between the rolls in a direction at right angles
to the rib, thereby making it thinner and wider on the one side of the rib. The rolls
now reverse and when the weight on the lower roll arrives at its lowest point the
toggle joint is deflected allowing the lower roll to fall which now becomes stationary
or makes a pause with its recess for eye and rib uppermost. The mould or blade is
now again inserted or properly placed in its recess as before, the toggle joint is again
straightened and rises bottom roll and compresses mould or blade between the rolls.
The rolls now go on rotating in the same direction as before the pause and roll out the
other side of the mould. The screw over top roll is now screwed down to determine
the amount of compression thay may be desired in the next operation. These operations
may be repeated any number of times, each time making the eye and its rib
more perfect without the least risk of doing any injury to the eye or effacing the
rib until the mould or blade is of the right width, which can then be passed
through any of the rolls described in the previous modifications, if necessary.

page_text: I will now describe the mechanism I use for giving an alternating motion to
the rolls and creating a pause in their rotation, while the recess in the bottom
roll is uppermost, such pause taking place until the lower roll has risen and
compressed the mould or blade. The weight, aforesaid, on the lower roll is
preferably formed in two parts after the manner of two plates parallel to each
other and widening out as they extend downward, the upper ends of these plates
being koyed on to the bottom roller between the framing; and between these.
plates and on the bottom roll I connect a link which hangs downwards and is
free to vibrate (without giving motion to the lower roll) between the weight
pieces, but this vibration is limited by two stops fixed, one on each side, near the
base of the weight pieces; or in other words the link can vibrate the extent of
the distance between the stops without giving motion to the lower roll, and the
lower end of the link is connected to a rod the other end of which is connected
to a crank-pin in a disc-crank, the throw of the latter being sufficient to cause the
rolls to rotate about a fourth of a revolution. The effect of this crank rotating in
combination with the stops of the weight pieces will be understood from the
following description. Suppose the crank-pin is in a horizontal line with the
axis of the shaft, the crank commences to rotate say in a direction pulling at
the connecting rod and takes lower end of link along without moving roll, the
link now comes against the stop and causes rolls to rotate and rolls the mould or
blade out that is between the rolls. The crank now having turned the centre
opposite from which it started commences to push at the connecting rod causing
the link to vibrate back or descend, the weight piece reversing the roll and
following link and when the weight arrives at its lowest point the rolls remain at
rest (the mould or blade being again inserted). While the link goes on travelling
it strikes the opposite stop and causes the rolls to rotate and roll out the other
side of the mould or blade. The cam actuating the toggle joint is set in unison
with the crank that works the rolls so as to open the lower roll prior to the pause
taking place, and to raise the roll compressing the mould or blade between the
rolls previous to the rotation being recommenced.
To avoid the opening and closing of the roll interfering with the action of the
pinions, the latter are placed within the framing near the back bearings. The
crank working the rolls can be adjustable in longth of throw so as to adjust
the amount of rotation.
For small work I may prefer to use a cam and roller motion (or its equivalent)
actuated in unison with other gearing, in place of the toggle joint.
This machine is capable of a wide application and could be used to roll out
ploughs, or roll any pieces of iron requiring a particular form, section, or configu-
ration in or about its centre. It would form the blanks used for horse shoes,
having the centre thick for the toe part, and the extremities enlarged for the heel
parts.
T
1
PAY
1007

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Hoes, Spades, Adzes, Ploughs,
and Grafting or Drainage Tools, Part of such Improvements
being Applicable for Horse Shoes, and in the Machinery or
Apparatus Employed therein.
I, DANIEL SMITH, Junior, of Raglan Street, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement reference being had to the accompanying drawings and to
the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
I will describe this invention in the same order as each modification is used in
carrying out the process of making hoes. It is customary in the manufacture of hoes
to cut off a piece from a bar of iron or steel of sufficient width to allow the eye to be
formed therein or thereon partly by compression and subsequently by penetration and
compression such piece being technically called a mould." In forming the eye
within or on the mould I prefer to construct the base of the first impression punch of
sufficient length not only to form the indent that is used to form the eye, but to
extend down the centre of the mould so that when it is forced into the mould it forms
the rib and reduces the thickness along its entire length making the section concave
on the rib side thereof the curvature of such concavity corresponding to that of the
radius of the lower roll the mouid in this state being shown by figures 1 and 2 sheet 1
of the accompanying drawings. Figure 2 is a cross section through figure 1.
object of this being to get the mould reduced in thickness as much as possible in the
eye forming machine to releive the work and strains in the combined squeezing and
rolling machine (hereinafter called widening machine) but chiefly for the purpose of
adapting the mould to suit the configurations for ribs and contour of the lower roll
into which it must next bed or fit into in the widening machine which tend to
minimise any reduction or distortion that may occur to the eye during the squeezing
process in the widening machine. In the case of long moulds such concavity need
not extend down the full length from the eye but may be formed as shewn in section
by figure 3.
The
In forming moulds or blanks the most important point is to have sufficient weight
in them as in these rolling arrangements it is easy to elongate the blades to a great
extent; but it is sometimes desirable to widen out a mould or blade partly formed.
This presents some difficulty owing to the eye being formed (in the case of hoes) within
the blades and also by the rib that is formed down the centre of most of the articles
mentioned in the title. Several attempts have been made to widen out moulds with
eyes and ribs thereon, by open ended rolls with gaps therein the rolls rotating con-
tinuously and also reciprocating. In the former case it depends upon the skill of the
operator against chance in his placing the mould in exact position within the gap the
least error on his part resulting in the rib being damaged or effaced and the eye

page_text: being crushed and most likely spoiled; and in the case of rolls having a reciprocating
rotary motion to commence rolling from the outside of the mould parallel to the rib
is more uncertain and resulting in a great quantity of bad work. This is the case
even in rolls with gaps the rolls having a reciprocating rotary motion with gaps
formed for the insertion of the article. The result is extremely uncertain and imprac-
ticable in the adoption of high speeds. These defects and uncertainties are overcome
by the machine constructed according to this part of my invention and will produce
high class work without special skill on the part of the operator. This widening
machine is shewn by the drawings on sheets 1, 2 and 3 herewith. Figure 4, sheet 1,
is a front elevation and figure 5 sheet 2 is a side elevation and figure 6 is a plan of a
machine constructed according to this invention for the purpose of widening out
moulds &c. that have eyes and ribs thereon. B is the bottom roll and A the top roll.
C is a weight on the end of the roll A for the purpose of keeping the enlarged end of
such roll up as high as possible or its bearing against the point of one of the screws g.
In the roll B recesses a a¹ for the eye and rib are formed therein. I prefer to form
the roll B in two parts as shewn by figure 6 a and in the top removable part L
I form the recesses for eye and rib that may be desired. On the roll B are placed
weights D D connected together at their bases by pins 61. These pins also answer
another purpose presently to be described. The weights D D are for the purpose of
keeping the recesses a a¹ for the eye and rib in the roll B uppermost. E is a toggle
joint. F is a connecting rod connected to such toggle joint. c is a roller in the
end of the roll F and a cam G fixed on a shaft H operates the connecting rod F
thereby straightening the toggle joint which bears against the bearing d of the roll B.
In figure the toggle joint E is shewn straight and the lower roll B raised but as the
cam G rotates off the roller c the toggle joint E is deflected by the pressure of a
spring e and the lower roll B drops into the position shewn by the dotted circle f
figure 5. The rolls A and B being now open and as the weights D D keep the
recesses a a¹ in the roll B uppermost such roll is ready for the insertion of a mould
or blank. Now from the preceding description it will be seen that up to the present
neither roll rotates but as the shaft H revolves the end of the roll B has an up and
down motion. When the lower roll is down a mould or blade with its eye formed
therein is placed whilst in a heated condition between the rolls and into the
recesses a a formed to receive the eye and rib and as the toggle joint E is straightened
the roll B is raised compressing the heated mould or blank thereby thinning the centre
thereof, forming the rib and giving finished form around where the eye joins into the
blade. While the mould or blade is thus compressed by mechanism hereafter to be
described the roll B is caused to rotate driving the roll A and so rolls the mould or
blade out between the rolls in a direction at right angles to the rib thereby
making it thinner and wider on the one side of the rib. The rolls now reverse and
the toggle joint E is deflected allowing the roll B to fall and when the weights DD
arrive at their lowest point the roll B becomes stationery or makes a pause with the
recessos a a¹ uppermost. The mould or blade is now re-adjusted if necessary and the
toggle joint E is again straightened and rises the bottom roll B and compresses
the mould or blade between the rolls. The rolls now go on rotating in the same
direction as before the pause and roll out the other side of the mould in a direction at
right angles to the rib. The screw g¹ over the roll A is now screwed down to deter
mine the amount of compression that may be desired in the next squeezing and rolling
operation. These operations can be repeated any number of times each time making
around the eye and its rib more perfect without the least risk of doing any injury to
the eye or effacing the rib, until the mould or blade is of the right width which
can then be passed through any of the rolls described in the subsequent modifications,
if necessary.
I will now describe the mechanism I use for giving an alternating motion to the
rolls and creating a pause in their rotation while the recesses in the bottom roll B
are uppermost, such pause taking place until the lower roll has risen and compressed
the mould or blade. The weights D D are keyed to the roll B and between the
weights I connect a link I which is free to vibrate on the roll B without giving motion

page_text: to such roll to the extent of the distance between the stops 6 6. The link I is
connected to a crank-disc J (keyed to the shaft H) by means of a connecting
rod K.
The operation of this machine is as follows:-Suppose the parts of the machine are
in the position shewn by figure 5 the crank-dise J is caused by suitable spur gear on
the shaft H to rotate in the direction of the arrow a² and takes the lower end of the
link I along without moving the roll B. The link I now comes against the stop 6
and causes the rolls to rotate and rolls one side of the mould or blade out that is
between the rolls. The crank-disc now having turned its inside centre commences
to pull at the connecting rod causing the link I to vibrate back, the weight pieces D D
reversing the rolls and following the link and when the weights arrive at the lowest
point the pause takes place and the mould may be placed in or re-adjusted in the
recesses a at if necessary. The toggle joint E is now straightened as previously
stated and the link I goes on travelling and strikes the stop and causes the rolls to
rotate and roll out the other side of the mould. On the lower end of the link I
may prefer to form a toothed quadrant gearing in with a rack caused to slide on
suitable rollers by the crank J this would enable wider articles to be produced and
get rid of the limit caused by the angular motion of the link I.
1
In the case of hoes having high shoulders it is desirable to extend the metal upwards
towards the top of the eye or pole. For this purpose I prefer to make the cylindrical
parts of the rolls A and B of sufficient length so that the loose die L can contain two
sets of recesses for ribs and eyes one as shewn at a a¹ figure 7 and the other as shewn
at a³, the use of the latter being that when the mould or blade is of sufficient width
and it is necessary to raise the shoulders the blade is turned at right angles to the
position it was held during the widening process and the eye is placed in the recess a³
the roll B rises and compresses. and the rolls roll out both shoulders as shewn by the
broken lines; and if it is desired not to reduce the thickness of the blade in the
region of the rib on the reverse rolling the blade can be removed or preferably
the surfaces of the rolls can be cut away sufficient to prevent them compressing the
part below the rib. This method of extending or raising the shoulders will be found
useful in case of moulds cut off bars of sufficient width or thereabouts to form the
blade as widening would then be unnecessary but it would be advantageous in the
case of high shoulders to previously reduce the metal around the eye in the region of
the shoulders (thereby raising the shoulders) in the widening machine previous to
passing such partly formed blades through the elongating machine hereafter to be
described.
In order to lessen the shocks caused by the link I coming against the stops bb¹
I make these stops as shewn by figure 8 which is a front view of the stop b₁ drawn to
a larger scale. is the stop which is shaped as shewn. I fit an iron band there-
around and between the band and the stops I place a piece of india-rubber (or other
elastic material) . j is a set pin for taking out any loose play. As the link I strikes
against the band it forces such band against the stop, the india-rubber i between
the two tending to reduce the shock.
One
Figure 9 shews another modification for working the toggle joint which dispenses
with the cam G. On the shaft H I fix a spur wheel shewn by broken lines and a
pinion (also shewn by broken lines) gears therewith. On the shaft of this pinion
fix a crank-disc k and I attatch one end of a toggle joint on such crank.
arm m of this toggle joint fits around the shaft H and the other n is connected to a
rod corresponding to the rod F. The pinion has just half the number of teeth as the
spur wheel and it will thus be seen that as such pinion revolves the crank-disc will
make two revolutions to one of the main shaft H and the toggle joint E will thus be
straightened twice during such revolution of the shaft H as is the case when the
cam G is used. The pinion in this case may be used as the driver. If desired the
throw of the crank k may be sufficient to cause the link to raise the arms m and n
as much above the horizontal line (passing through the centre of H) as they fall
below it thereby giving two deflections for one revolution of the crank k. In this
case the spur gear on the shaft H and that gearing therewith would be of equal

page_text: diameter and if the durations of the pauses are insufficient from a crank motion then
a cam motion may be substituted.
It will readily be seen that this machine has a wide application for producing
articles having any particular configurations about their centre it being only necessary
to so shape the die piece L, which also may apply to a die piece in the upper roll A
which would be necessary in the case of moulds for horse shoes.
The elongating machine will be readily understood by the drawings on sheet 4
herewith. Figure 10 is a plan and figure 11 is a section taken on line of figure 10.
A is a large roll which I prefer to form of a pologonal shape as shewn and on the
flats of the pologon I place loose pieces a a etc. forming dies. In these dies I
form the recesses for eye and rib suitable for a variety of sizes and patterns. In
conjunction with the roll A I use 2, 3 or more smaller rolls. Three rolls are shown
on the drawing and are lettered respectively B, C and D). I use the roll B as the
driving roll as shewn. This roll has a pinion E that gears with a spur wheel F on
the roll A. The pitch line of the wheel F is of the same diameter as the roll A
as shewn. Each of the rolls C and D are provided with pinions G and H which are
driven by the spur wheel F. The rolls B, C and D revolve in bearings as shown
and are provided with adjusting screws bb etc. to determine the thickness of the
blade passing between them. The operation of the machine is as follows:-After
a mould is formed with its eye and rib theroon and made of the desired width and,
if necessary, its shoulders raised in the widening machine previously described
its eye projection is placed whilst in a heated condition in the recess formed to
receive it in say the dio piece a² of the roll A. This roll takes it forward from the
operator under the first roll B which partly reduces the mould, the roll A next
carries it on under the roll C which further reduces the mould or blade then by
further rotation it passes under the roll D and is still further reduced. The mould
or blade may be passed under a fourth roll if desired which may be a very hard and
smooth roll for finishing purposes. In the case of thick moulds 5 or 6 rolls may bo
used. I prefer the roll A to be as large as practicable for the purpose of keeping
the hoes as straight as possible because if rolled concave on the rib side there is a
probability of them cracking on being straightened in the region where the rib
joins the eye and also to avoid opening the grain of the iron or steel which would
tend to mar the finish in bigh class goods. The loose die pieces are secured to the
pologonal core or roll A by bolts which are accessible through holes formed for this
purpose within each side of the framing I. One of these bolts is shewn at a² figure 11.
If necessary suitable guards may be placed between the small rolls for the purpose
of preventing the mould or blade from rising out of the eye recess as it passes
from under one small roll until it gets under the next one and so on with the
other rolls.
The hoes thus rolled might not readily fall out of their recesses and to meet this I
place a spindle through each die piece parallel with the axis of the roll and on this
spindle. secure an L-shaped lever, the extremity of this lever passing up through
the eye recess of the die piece. On one of the outer ends of the spindle I fix another
lover so arranged that as the roll rotates this lever catchos a suitable projection and
causes the other bent lever to push the hoe or other article out of its recess and it'
would thus fall to the ground. The pinions E, G and H and the spur wheel I have
shewn outside the framing, if desirable they may be placed within the framing and
be secured to the larger part of the rolls which would give greater strength. After
rolling the boe is sheared to correct form in the usual manner.
Another modification of this elongating machine is described as follows. This
modification will be readily understood without the aid of drawings. For the large
roll I use a sector which vibrates on its centre with its are uppermost. I place
this sector between a suitable framing which also carries the pin of which the sector
turns and also the series of rolls and gearing hereafter to be described. On either
side of the arc of the sector are flanges having teeth. Between these flanges there is
a flat surface suitably formed to carry a die the upper surface of such die being
formed convex, to the radius corresponding with the pitch line of the teeth on the

page_text: are of the sector. Over this sector and revolving in suitable bearings are three
or more rolls with pinions thereon which gear in with the teeth of the sector. The
first of these rolls is the driving roll and is nearest the operator. The operation is as
follows: The sector carrying the die is forward nearest the operator he places the
mould or blade into the die and sets the driving roll in motion which causes the die
with the mould or blade therein to pass under the series of rolls each roll being so
adjusted with screws so as to reduce the mould or blade similar to the last
modification. After passing all the rolls the blade is ejected out of the die or in the
case of blades without eyes would fall off. The sector is now brought back again
ready for the introduction of the next mould by reversing the gearing driving the
rolls into which 1 may arrange a quick return motion if desired. The advantages of
this modification are that no skill is required to work the apparatus and the articles
rolled are nearly straight because of the large radius of the sector.
The dies used
can be readily changed thereby making the machine available for a wide range of
work.
For producing hoes etc. flat this sector may be substituted by a flat table with the
die thereon and flanges with racks thereon with the pitch line corresponding to the
top of the die and to obviate the friction of sliding surfaces I use rollers for
the table to roll upon. Over this table I arrange a series of rolls as in the last
described modification as will be readily understood.
In all the elongating machine modifications it is possible by removing all the die
pieces except the one necessary for use to give any degree of excentricity to any
or all of the upper or smaller rolls so as to produce any degree of taper that may be
desired in the length of the blade, and a spherical ended projecting stud may be
inserted in one or all of the upper or small rolls that would enter into the eye of
the blade and so keep it in proper form during the rolling or elongating operation.
Taper in the blade may also be produced by keeping the upper or smaller rolls
concentric and making the loose die pieces excentric with the axis of the lower
or large roll or sector or table which might be readily accomplished or varied
by the use of liners or sheet iron or packing pieces under the one end of the
die pieces.
Although the working of this invention is described in the production of hoes its
application to the other articles mentioned in the title is obvious.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of iny said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I am aware that
Letters Patent have been granted to Messrs. Perks and Salmon for an invention
bearing date 18th July 1887 and numbered 10,047 for rolling hoes etc. and I
disclaim the following-In the manufacture of hoes etc. the widening out of a
mould or blade with rolls having gaps that roll out the mould or blade toward
the operator and on their compressing edges meeting strike compress and roll on
one side only of the rib and eye and to roll on the other side of the rib and eye
necessitates the mould or blade being reversed such rolls being also used for the
elongating process by a repitition of operations; but what I claim is :—
1. The construction of machinery or apparatus for the manufacture of such articles
as mentioned in the title, substantially as herein described and shewn (as applied to
hoes) by the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination of the rolls A and B with the mechanism for producing an up
and down motion capable of squeezing or compressing the mould or blade, sub-
stantially as described and shewn.
3. The combination of the rolls A and B with means for imparting a reciprocating
rotary motion at the same time allowing a pause to occur in or about the centre of
each reciprocation, for the purpose chiefly of enabling the squeezing operation to take
place while the rolls are at rest and to give more favorable opportunity to the operator
for the adjustment of the mould or blade, substantially as described and shewn by
figures 4, 5 and 6.
4. The combination of the mechanism claimed in claim 2 with the means as referred

page_text: to and claimed in claim 3, for the purpose of squeezing and reducing the thickness of a
mould or blade and at the same time rolling out or widening such mould or blade in
a direction at right angles to the rib, such combination being also applicable to the
raising of hoe shoulders or any other analogous operations having reference to such
articles as named in the title substantially as described and shewn."
5. The rolling or elongating machine as described and shewn by figures 10 and 11
sheet 4 of the accompanying drawings.
C. The construction of the large roll A so as to receive a series of removable
die pieces a² a etc. substantially as described and shewn and for the purpose set
forth.
7. The combination of the rolls A, B, C and D or more rolls (figures 10 and 11)
the smaller or upper rolls being concentric, with the use of liners for the purpose of
raising the one end of the die piece so as to produce a taper in the thickness of the
blades of hoes or other articles inentioned in the title, substantially as described and
shewn.
8. The rolls A, B, C and D, or more rolls, being excentric and having projecting
studs for the purpose of entering and preserving the form of the eye during the
elongating operation in combination with one die piece (the others being removed from
the roll A) as another method of giving a taper thickness to the blades, substantially
as herein described.
9. The modification of elongating machines in which the sector is used in
combination with the upper rolls and loose die piece, also the modification in which
the flat table is used in combination with upper rolls, suitable gearing and loose die
pieces both substantially as herein described and shewn.
10. In the manufacture of hoes, spades, adzes and such like tools the process of
widening a mould or blade by compressing or reducing the thickness at the same time
forming the rib and each side thereof and giving form and finish around that part
where the blade joins the eye that is compressing or reducing the both sides of the
rib and around both sides of the eye and rolling out either side of the mould or
blade in a direction at right angles to the rib at one operation substantially as
described.
11. In the manufacture of hoes, spades, adzes, and such like tools, after the mould
or blade is of sufficient width elongating the same (in the direction of the rib) by
rolling giving the proper taper and finish to the blade at one operation, substantially
as described.
12. In the manufacture of hoes, spades, adzes, and such like tools the combined
processes claimed in claims numbers 10 and 11.
Dated this Fourth day of September 1888.
DANIEL SMITH, JUNR.,
Applicant.