Improvements in Evaporating or Heating Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 5th Dec., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Evaporating or Heating Apparatus.
I. FREDRIK LJUNGSTRÖM, Mechanician, of 37 Grefgatan, Stockholm, in the
Kingdom of Sweden, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to means for securing quick utilization of the heat
employed for the production of steam, or for raising the temperature of gases and
liquids.
This is attained by permitting the fluid, which is to be evaporated or heated, to
pass through a narrow (thin) space, having corrugated or fluted walls. The corru-
gations or flutes run obliquely to each other, so that those on the one wall of the
space cross those on the other wall. Thus, the space will be composed of a
plurality of flutes, crossing each other, and, at the crossing points,' opening into
each other. The said spaces alternate with other similar spaces, which serve
as conduits for the heating fluid, which, for instance, may be the hot gases from
a furnace.
The most important application of the invention may be as a steam generator or
a steam boiler. When applying it to the construction of a boiler, I form a flat
corrugated tube, bent spirally or into a coil. The most simple manner of making
the tube is to corrugate a sheet metal strip or piece obliquely, bending the strip
longitudinally, and joining up the edges thereof. I thus convert the strip into a
flat tube with corrugated walls, the flutes of the one wall crossing the flutes of
the other wall.
This tube, when bent to form a spiral, is surrounded by a strong casing, which
forms the furnace, and serves to prevent the coil from yielding to the internal steam
pressure.
The gases of combustion ascend between the spiral windings to a chimney on the
upper part of the casing. The boiler is supplied with water from an inlet pipe
at the bottom, and the steam is drawn off from a pipe at the top of the boiler.
Instead of bending the tube spirally, it may be bent in zig-zag, or divided into
short pieces fixed between two other hollow pieces. In all cases, a lateral suppert,
holding the tube coils or tubes pieces together, is employed.
Another way of making the flat corrugated tube, consists in disposing the Autes
of the same as the thread on a screw, and in subsequently flattening the tube. Or,
a plain tube may be flattened and then corrugated, in which case a soft filling mass,
for instance lead, is introduced into the tube before it is corrugated, the lead being
removed by melting, after corrugation. It is also evident that the crossing
passages may be obtained by providing a sheet metal piece with any kind of
grooves and ridges, without corrugating the same in the ordinary way, or by
providing the same with obliquely running ridges.
Dated this 10th day of December 1895
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Evaporating or Heating Apparatus.
I, FREDRIK LJUNGSTRÖM, Mechanician, of 37 Grefgatan, Stockholm, in the
Kingdom of Sweden, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to steam generators heaters and condensers, composed as
hereinafter described, of corrugated, fluted, or ribbed, metallic chambers, my object
being to effect a more rapid production of steam than heretofore, or for more
quickly heating or cooling gases and liquids.
Prior to my invention it has been proposed to employ corrugated plates in the
construction of steam generators heaters and condensers, and such corrugated
plates have been arranged in pairs, at a distance apart to form a connecting
chamber located between, say, two containers, and a heating or cooling medium as
the case may be, has been applied to the exterior surfaces of such a narrow
chamber or chambers. Now according to my invention I form a chamber having
two corrugated walls, so arranged that the corrugations of one wall extend in
diverse directions to the corrugations of the other wall, the apices of the corruga-
tions being in internal contact at points, and I coil or fold such chamber or
chambers so that the corrugations are also in external contact at points and extend
in diverse directions, or in other cases I arrange a number of such chambers in
contact with each other externally and located say between containers. In this
manner, as for example in connection with steam generators, I obtain a divided
water space, the walls of which consist of a plurality of flutes, the spaces opening
into each other at the crossing points and these water spaces alternate with other
similar and adjacent spaces serving as conduits for the heating gas, such as hot
gases from a furnace, whereby an interchange of heat is effected between the media
which occupy the adjacent spaces alternately.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 shows a corrugated plate in elevation. Fig. 2 is a
of same,
cross section
Fig. 3 shews the plate folded, Fig. 4 is a cross section of same,
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan of so much of a chamber of coiled form constructed or
arranged according to my invention as will be necessary to describe same,
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section shewing a bent or folded construction,
Fig. 7 is a cross section shewing a number of chambers arranged in contact one
with another,
Fig. 8 is a diagraphical elevation partly in section shewing an application as a
steam generator of such an arrangement as is illustrated by Fig. 5, and Fig. 9 is a
plan partly in section of the view shewn at Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a diagraphical view similar to Fig. 8 shewing an application of the
arrangement illustrated at Fig. 6. and Fig. 11 is a plan view partly in section of
Fig. 10.
Fig. 12 is a side elevation shewing an application of an arrangement as is ɛbewn
at Fig. 7.
Fig. 13 shews a plate in elevation similar to that shewn in Fig. 1 illustrating
another arrangement of corrugations.
Fig. 14 is a section of ribbed plate,
Figs. 15 and 16 are plan views of modified form of coiled chambers.
Fig. 17 is a plan view of a helically corrugated tube and Fig. 18 shews the tube
in cross section when flattened and so that the apices of the interior corrugations
are in contact and the corrugations of the two walls cross each other.

page_text: Referring to the accompanying drawings a chamber may be constructed by
placing two diversely corrugated plates in contact and rivetting or otherwise
securing the edges, or a plate may be corrugated with the corrugations extending
in one direction, and one part of the plate folded upon the other part, or a tube
may be helically corrugated and flattened until the two walls are in contact, in
fact I do not limit myself to the particular details of construction by which two
plates diversely corrugated are or may be brought together. In order however to
illustrate my invention I will firstly describe a construction wherein I corrugate a
sheet of metal such as shewn at Figs. 1 and 2 with the corrugations marked A
and B; this strip or sheet of metal so corrugated is then bent longitudinally say
centrally of the uncorrugated part marked C until the apices of the corrugations
upon the adjacent interior surfaces of the walls composing the chamber, come into
actual contact as is shewn by Fig. 4, and the corrugations A will then extend in a
diverse direction to the corrugations B as illustrated by Fig. 3, that is the flutes
upon one wall D will cross the flutes upon the other wall E composing the
chamber, and the corrugations will lie in contact at their crossing points, spaces
being formed (between the plates) communicating with one another at the crossing
points of the corrugations.
Such a chamber of a proper or suitable size and length as described with
reference to Figs. 3 and 4, is then coiled or bent into a spiral formation and
in such manner that the apices of the corrugations on the exterior are brought
into contact at points while the corrugations extend in diverse directions, and
such a coil as shewn in plan view at Fig. 5 is, or may be, surrounded by a
metal casing F or the like such as is shewn at Figures 8 and 9 as applied to
a steam generator, and the metal casing F prevents the coil from yielding to
internal steam pressure. G is the furnace F' is a packing piece of aluminium
or other suitable metal or material.
The gases of combustion ascend within the spaces formed by the spiral windings
ta chimney H on the upper part of the casing F, passing through the divided
chambers and communicating passages adjacent to the similar interior water spaces.
The boiler is or may be supplied with water from an inlet pipe J and the steam is
drawn off by a suitable pipe K.
Instead of spirally coiling the chamber as described, the same characteristics
may be maintained by other arrangements, that is the chamber or chambers may
be arranged so that the apices of the exterior corrugations of one part of the said
chamber are brought into contact at points with apices of the exterior corrugations
of another part either of the same chamber, or of a similar chamber, and such
adjacent exterior corrugatious in contact extending in diverse directions.
Thus such a chamber as described with reference to Figs. 3 and 4 may be bent
or folded in "zig-zag" fashion as shewn in the sectional plan Fig. 6, that is, the
chamber is folded in equal lengths and in alternate directions, and one fold lies on
and in contact with another fold, whereby the chamber (between the walls D and E)
is composed of spaces inter-communicating throughout the several folds while
similar spaces are formed exterior of the chamber between the folds for the heating
products. Such a construction of apparatus as applied to a steam generator may
be conveniently located within a casing F, as for example is shewn at Figs. 10
and 11, and spaces between the chamber and the casing F filled by packing
pieces F. Jis the water inlet, K is the steam pipe, and G is the furnace.
At Fig. 7 I have shewn several of such chambers as described with reference to
Figs. 3 and 4, arranged in contact one with another, thereby producing exactly the
same results i.e. similar water spaces adjacent to symmetrically arranged heating
spaces as have been shewn with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.
This arrangement of chambers Fig. 7 may be conveniently located between two
containers LL' as for example is shewn at Fig. 12, each chamber being in commu-
nication with both containers, the products of combustion then pass between the
chambers in the direction indicated by the arrows.
As will now be well understood the particular form or pitch of corrugation of

page_text: the plates may be varied as desired, for example, the corrugations may be of
zig-zag character as shewn at Fig. 13, or the plate may be provided with projections
or ridges as shewn by the sectional view Fig. 14, or a tube as shewn at Figure 17
helically corrugated may be flattened as at Figure 18 until the interior corruga-
tions are brought into contact.
•
At Fig. 5 a single chamber is shewn coiled spirally but two or more chambers
may be placed in contact with one another and likewise coiled spirally, thus at
Fig. 15 two such chambers are shewn so coiled and surrounded by a casing F;
F is a packing piece. Fig. 16 shews a coil of three of such chambers.
When the apparatus is employed as a condenser, the steam to be condensed may
pass within the walls of the chamber while the cooling medium may pass between
the chambers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Constructing steam generators heaters and condensers having a chamber or
chambers with corrugated walls, the corrugations of one wall being in diverse
direction to the corrugations of the opposed wall, and the apices being in contact
at the crossing points of the corrugations, such chamber or chambers being bent or
curved so that the exterior surfaces of the corrugations have their apices also in
contact at the crossing points where the corrugations meet in diverse directions
thereby forming similar alternate and adjacent chambers for the interchange of
heat between the heating or cooling gases or medium occupying the same
substantially as set forth.
2. Constructing within an enclosing and surrounding casing steam generators
heaters and condensers having a series of chambers with corrugated walls, the
corrugations of one wall being in diverse direction to the corrugations of the
opposed wall, and the apices being in contact at the crossing points of the corruga-
tions, each chamber of the series baving the necessary inlet and outlet passages and
being arranged in contact with the next adjacent chamber at the crossing points of
the respective corrugations thereby forming similar alternate and adjacent chambers
for the interchange of heat between the heating or cooling gases or medium
occupying the same substantially as set forth.
3. Constructing steam generators heaters or condensers with a chamber formed
with diversely corrugated walls as hereinbefore described, and wherein the apices
of the corrugations of one wall cross and touch at such points the apices of the
corrugations of the other wall, such a chamber being coiled spirally so that the
apices of the corrugations of the exterior surface are brought into contact at points
and extend in diverse directions and having an enclosing or surrounding casing for
Buch coil, and tubes for inlet and outlet or to or from the interior of the coiled
chamber as and for the purposes set forth.
4. Constructing steam generators heaters or condensers, with a chamber formed
with diversely corrugated walls as hereinbefore described, and wherein the apices
of the corrugations of one wall cross and touch at such points the apices of the
corrugations of the other wall, such a chamber being folded in equal lengths and
alternate directions so that the apices of the corrugations of the exterior surface of
one fold come in contact at points and cross the apices of the corrugations of the
exterior surface of the next fold, the chamber (between the walls) being composed
of spaces inter-communicating throughout the several folds, while similar spaces are
formed exterior of the chamber between the folds for the heating or cooling
products as and for the purposes set forth.
5. Constructing steam generators heaters or condensers, with a chamber formed
with diversely corrugated walls as hereinbefore described, and wherein the apices
of the corrugations of one wall cross and touch at such points the apices of the
corrugations of the other wall, such a chamber being folded in equal lengths and
alternate directions so that the apices of the corrugations of the exterior surface of

page_text: one fold come in contact at points and cross the apices of the corrugations of the
exterior surface of the next fold, the chamber (between the walls) being composed
of spaces inter-communicating throughout the several folds, while similar spaces
are formed exterior of the chamber between the folds for the heating or cooling
gases or medium, together with an enclosing or surrounding casing, and inlet and
outlet tubes for such folded chamber as set forth.
6. Constructing steam generators heaters or condensers, with two or more
chambers, each formed between two corrugated walls, the corrugations of one wall
being in a diverse direction to the corrugations of the opposed wall, and so that the
apices of the corrugations of one wall are in contact at the crossing points with the
apices of the corrugations of the other wall, these chambers being laid in contact
with each other and the whole, coiled or rolled spirally together, so that the apices
of the corrugations of the exterior surfaces of the said chambers are brought into
contact, the opposed exterior corrugations extending in diverse directions thereby
forming adjacent similar and alternate communicating passages for the interchange
of heat between the heating or cooling gases or medium together with an enclosing
exterior casing and inlet and outlet tubes for such coiled chambers as and for the
purposes set forth.