Transformer Aspirator or Blower.
Year: 1891

page_text: The decision of the Comptroller-General, of the 26th day of April 1893,
allowed, under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883, an Amendment of
this Specification.
Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Transformer Aspirator or Blower.
I, ALFRED RICHARD SENNETT, of Brentford, Middlesex, Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention is essentially a contrivance or contrivances for transforming an
inducing current of high pressure into a current of lower pressure and increased
volume.
I will take as an example the case where a jet of steam is employed to induce
a current or currents of air.
The steam at high pressure is made to issue from a chamber terminating in an
annular orifice which is situated at one end of a trunk with parallel or tapering
sides. The steam on issuing from the orifice forms a hollow cylinder within the
trunk and aspirates air either upon its internal or external surface or upon both
through suitable inlets. This apparatus I call the injector. Mingled steam and
air from the injector are conveyed to a second aspirator similar to the injector but
of larger sectional area, and which may contain one, two, or more annular
chambers. This I call the transformer. The mingled air and steam from the
injector now form the inducing current and additional air is aspirated in the way
already described. The mixed steam and air at reduced pressure and increased
volume are conveyed if desired to a second transformer and so on.
My invention can be used for aspirating air or other gases, such, for example,
as in ventilating mines and buildings, or for propelling air or other gases as, for
example, in producing forced draught, filling gas holders, & generally in all cases
where it is expedient to transform a current at high pressure into a current of
increased volume and reduced pressure.
Dated this 20 day of March 1891
W. H. MUNNS,
Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
A Transformer Aspirator or Blower.
I, ALFRED RICHARD SENNETT of Brentford, Middlesex, Civil Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention is essentially a contrivance or contrivances for transforming an
inducing current of high pressure into a current of lower pressure and increased
volume.
The invention can be used for aspirating air or other gases, as for example,
ventilating mines, sewers, buildings, and other spaces, exhausting chemical fumes
or smoke from chambers or chimneys, producing partial vacua in boiling, filtering,

page_text: evaporating, etc., or for propelling or compressing air or other gases, as, for
example, producing draught for forced combustion, drying operations, etc., for
filling or compressing into gas-holders or other vessels, circulating hot gases in
flues, etc., aspirating and discharging in raising water, tar, acids, corrosive
liquids, etc. I will take as an example the case where a jet of steam or com-
pressed air is employed to induce a current or currents of air.
Fig. 1 shows the transforming apparatus in section.
Fig. 2 shows the plan of same.
Steam or compressed air entering through pipe A at high pressure into the
head B, B, which I call the injector, issues by an annular orifice 6', 6' (which I
generally provide with adjustments that its area may be varied) into the cone or
trunk in the form of a hollow jet. Air is aspirated through opening or
openings C upon its interior surface, and sometimes through annular opening
or openings D upon its external surface. I sometimes insert the rod E, E, in the
injector to increase its efficiency and to prevent too much noise.
The rod E, E, should be shaped as shown in the drawing, the upper part in the
injector being formed with inclined sides or sides of parabolic curvature. The
mingled steam and air, or inducing and induced air, at reduced pressure and
increased volume, is conveyed to the head F, F, from which it is discharged
through an annular orifice G, G, similar to b¹, b¹, but of larger sectional area, into
a cone or trunk f, f, aspirating air by the orifices C³, C, and D'.
This part of the apparatus I call the "transformer."
The transformer and the injector may have straight, curved, or tapering sides,
and the jets may be either hollow or solid. The mingled air and steam may then
be passed through another or more transformers F¹, F, G, G₁, f', f¹, similar
to F, F, G, G, ff, each time increasing the volume of air propelled by aspirating
a fresh supply in the way already described through apertures C³, D'. In trans-
formers of large size I prefer to inject a portion of the mingled volume by an
additional solid or annular jet. C shows such an extra jet (in this instance solid)
deriving its supply from the chamber in head F, F, by means of the conduit V.
At V, V, V, V₁, I show how I employ an additional or auxiliary jet. The
action of this auxiliary annular jet is to aspirate through apertures C³, C. The
injector can, if desired, be attached directly to the transformer. Figs. 3 and 4
show such an arrangement in which the prolongation and bifurcation at C' C' of
the cone or trunk C takes the place of the bends f in Figures 1 and 2.
This figure also shows another method of adjusting the area of the annular by
bolts and nuts O. Fig. 5 shows in section and Fig. 54 in plan an annular
injector provided with more than one aperture D for admitting air to the exterior
surface of the jet.
In employing my said invention for raising, circulating, or compressing corrosive
liquors or gases, I construct the transformer of some imaterial not acted upon by
the corrosive liquid, vapour, or gas. Figs. 6 and 7 show such an arrangement. In
this case two transformers T', T¹, and T, T', are shown, and these, and likewise
the conduit T, may be constructed of stoneware, lead, or an alloy, or any material
suitable for the particular application. In the figures they are shown of stone-
ware, Figure 7 showing a section of the head and portion of the trunk of the
transformer T2, T. The injector B, B, being outside the chamber, culvert, etc.,
(the wall of which is shown at W, W,) may be constructed of metal. Where it
is desired to use my said invention for the annibilation of offensive or destructive
fumes by trituration with water, I make use of the momentum of the induced
current, and for this purpose it is only necessary to place discharging orifice X of
the transformer T2, T3, (Fig. 6) beneath the surface of water or other absorbent,
and the necessary trituration will be effected by the momentum of the mingled
volume.
At Figures 8 and 9 is shown an application of my said invention for the purpose
of circulating or exhausting the hot gases in boiler and other flues. The trans-
former T, T, may be placed in the fluef, f, f, and its action will continue even if

page_text: it attain a high temperature. According to the way it be connected it may
(a) exhaust the hot gases, or, (b) cause them to circulate in the flues, or, (c) to
be returned into the furnace. In the latter case the additional air required for
the combustion is furnished by that aspirated through the injector head B, the
action of the transformer being to aspirate and propel the hot gases. A represents
the pipe for supplying steam to the injector. In some cases I cause the trans-
former to propel cold air through pipe or pipes p, p, situated in the flue or flues
in order that the fresh air may become hot before passing into the furnace.
In the application of my said invention to the ventilation of mines, buildings,
chambers, desiccating rooms, and other spaces, the transformer, or both the trans-
former and injector may be placed in a suitable conduit, culvert, etc., or in a
ventilating shaft, or chimney, as shown in Figures 10 in section and 11 in plan,
and in such cases I sometimes shape the sides of the said conduit or shaft as to
make it take the place of the cone or trunk (f¹ Fig. 1). In the figures S, S, S, S,
represent the ventilating conduit, shaft, or chimney, the interior sides of which
serve the purpose of the trunk aforementioned. T is the head of transformer,
B, B, the injector.
In using my said invention for accelerating the velocity of chimney gases I
prefer to place the injector outside the chimney as shown in Fig. 10.
Figs. 12 and 13 show my said invention in combination with the blast pipe used
in the chimneys of locomotive and other boilers. In this case also the chimney
may be of such a shape as to dispense with the trunk aforementioned, or the trunk
may be employed to form an interior chimney C, C, C, C. B, B, represents the
injector, T the head of transformer, P the blast pipe, which is very conveniently
connected with the chamber F, F (see Fig. 1) of the transformer by the bifurcation
similarly to the method I adopt for connecting the trunk of the injector to the
chamber of the transformer shown at C¹, C', Fig. 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a contrivance for aspirating and propelling air, or other gases, or liquids
the system of causing the combined inducing and induced currents to induce and
propel an additional amount of air, gas, or liquid.
2. In a contrivance 1. The apparatus for aspirating and propelling air, or other
gases, or liquids, consisting of one or more transformers as shown and described in
Fig. 1 actuated by the inducing and induced currents from an injector, and itself
aspirating or propelling air, or other gases, or liquids.
3. In a contrivance for aspirating and propelling air, or other gases, or liquids,
the method 2. The method of and apparatus for increasing the volume of air or
other gas aspirated and propelled by the use of multiple solid and annular jets,
substantially as described and shown in Fig. 1 at V and V¹.
4. In injectors and apparatus for aspirating and propelling air, or other gases
or liquide, the use of a rod or rods, tube or tubes, within the injector, with the
upper part shaped so as to cause the induced current to impinge upon the
interior surface of the inducing jet, substantially as described and shown at E,
Fig.
5. A contrivance for aspirating and propelling air, or other gases, or liquids by
means of an injector and transformer-in-which contrivance the injector and trans-
former 3. The use of an injector and transformer such as are herein described for aspirating
and propelling air, or other gases, or liquids, and which can each be placed in any
desirable position near to or remote from the other, and can each be made of
material suitable for the respective positions and use uses of each.
6. The contrivance 4. The apparatus for circulating gases in flues, substantially
as described and shown in Figs. 8 and 9.
7. The contrivance 5. The apparatus for ventilating mines, buildings, and other.
spaces, substantially as described and shown in Figs. 10 and 11.

page_text: & 6. The combination of my apparatus covered by Claim 1 with the blast of a
locomotive engine, substantially as described and shown in Figs. 12 and 13.
11001
W. H. MUNNS,
Agent for Applicant.