Improvements in Compression Pumps for Exhausting and Compressing Gases.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 25th July, 1900-Accepted, 13th Oct., 1900
Improvements in Compression Pumps for Exhausting and Compressing
Gases.
I, FREDRICK CHARLES RICHARDSON, of 69, Wyndham Street, Bury, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the compression pumps used for exhausting or com-
pressing gases as used in refrigerating and liquefying apparatus, and for other
purposes.
In a compression pump constructed according to my invention the cylinder
forms part of or is attached to an enclosed casing in which the crank revolves.
I make the piston of the trunk type attached directly to the connecting rod,
dispensing with the piston rod and stuffing box, and oil pump. In the trunk I
fit a suction valve, and in the cylinder I form ports which are uncovered by the
piston at the end of the stroke. These openings are connected with an annular
space surrounding the cylinder, to which the suction or inlet pipe may be attached.
By this means the cylinder is completely filled with gas at each stroke at a high
piston velocity. I also attach another suction pipe. These pipes are fitted with
stop valves so that either suction can be shut off or both used simultaneously.
The crank is carried in stuffing boxes which are fitted with an automatic device
which seals the stuffing boxes with oil and lubricates the connecting rod ends
and crank bearings, substantially as set forth.
1
1
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Compression Pumps for Exhausting and Compressing
Gases.
1, FREDERICK CHARLES RICHARDSON, of 69, Wyndham Street, Bury, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
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page_text: pressing gases as used in refrigerating and liquifying apparatus, and for other
purposes.
In a compression pump constructed according to my invention the cylinder forms
part of or is attached to an enclosed casing in which the crank revolves.
I make the piston of the trunk type attached directly to the connecting rod
dispensing with the piston rod and stuffing-box and oil pump..
In the piston trunk I fit a suction-valve, and in the cylinder I form ports which
are uncovered by the piston at the end of the stroke. These openings are con-
nected with an annular space surrounding the cylinder to which space the suction
or inlet pipe may be attached. By this means the cylinder is completely filled
with gas at each stroke at a high piston velocity.
I also attach another suction pipe for the supply of gas to a suction-valve in the
piston. These pipes are fitted with stop-valves so that either suction can be shut-
off or both used simultaneously.
The crank is carried in stuffing-boxes which are fitted with an automatic device
which seals the stuffing-boxes with oil and lubricates the connecting-rod ends and
crank bearings.
And in order that the said invention may be fully understood I will now pro-
ceed to describe the same with the aid of the accompanying drawing which repre-
sents à longitudinal sectional elevation of an exhausting and compressing pump
constructed in accordance with the said invention.
A is a closed casing which forms the foundation plate of the machine and
carries the crank-shaft B revolving in bearings fitted into the end plates D
bolted gas-tight to the ends of the casing A. The outer edge of the crank-shaft B
passes through a stuffing-box E and is provided with fast and loose pulleys F
by means of which rotatory motion may be imparted to the said shaft, or such
motion may be imparted thereto by any other suitable means.
G is the pump cylinder bolted gas-tight to the top of the casing A, or if pre-
ferred it may be cast in one piece therewith. H is the trunk piston, I is the con-
necting-rod one end of which is connected by the pin I¹ to the said piston and
the other end of which is connected to the crank-pin of the crank shaft B. Jis
the delivery valve-box bolted to the top of the cylinder G and forming a cylinder
cover thereto. It contains the delivery valve K, L is the gas delivery pipe, and
La stop-valve to shut-off the latter from the pump when desired.
M is a suction-valve fitted into the upper part of the piston H, and arranged
to open upwards as the piston descends. The stem of the said valve may be made
hollow with lateral apertures M* beneath the valve, as shown, to allow the gas
to pass through it into the valve-box J, or it may be made with radial wings or
ribs in the usual way. The lift of this valve may be regulated by means of lock
nuts M¹ screwed on to the lower part of its stem, or otherwise as may be found
convenient. M2 is a suction pipe through which gas is admitted to the interior
of the casing A.
N is an annular space or belt surrounding the cylinder G and communicating
with the interior of the latter by any suitable number of ports or openings N¹
The annular space or belt N is connected with a second suction pipe N2, or if
preferred the said space or belt N may be connected with the suction pipe M³
so that both the space N and the interior of the casing A may be supplied with
gas through a passage common to both. But I prefer to provide separate suction
pipes as shown, each having its own regulating stop valve M³ and N³ respectively
connected with a common suction pipe N4, so that either suction pipe may be
shut-off, or both used simultaneously as may be found necessary or desirable.
It will now be understood that if both suction stop-valves M³ and N³ are open,
on giving rotatory motion to the crank shaft B the suction-valve M will open as
the piston H descends, and will allow gas to pass from the casing A through the
hollow trunk of the piston H and valve M into the space between the upper face
of the piston and the lower face of the delivery-valve box or cylinder cover J,
and that as the piston H ascends the valve M will close, the gas will be compressed

page_text: and forced out through the delivery valve K and into the valve-box J and delivery
pipe L in the usual way.
It is well known that with quick running pumps having suction valves only
through which the gas is admitted to the pump cylinder, the latter does not always
get thoroughly filled with gas before the suction valves or valve closes. One of
the objects of the belt N, ports N', and second suction pipe N2 is to obviate this
inconvenience. For this purpose the ports N are placed in such a position that
when the piston H is completing its outward stroke it uncovers the said ports and
thus establishes communication between the cylinder G and the suction pipe N2
so that gas can rush in through the ports N1 to fill any partial vacuum that may
exist in the cylinder, and thus complete the charging of the latter with gas at the
full pressure of the refrigerator or other source of supply. When the piston
commences its inward stroke it closes the ports N and prevents the escape of the
gas during the compression stroke of the piston. These ports should obviously
be made as narrow as possible lengthwise of the cylinder to enable the piston to
close then as soon as possible after it begins its inward or compression stroke.
It will be understood that the closed casing A is filled more or less with oil or
other suitable lubricant in which the connecting-rod and and crank-pin dip as
the crank-shaft revolves whereby these are thoroughly lubricated, and that the
splashing of the lubricant in the casing A likewise lubricates the piston H and
upper end bearing of the connecting-rod. In order to facilitate the lubrication
of the crank-shaft bearings the end covers 1) may be provided with oil dishes P
which communicate by means of oil holes Q Q with annular oil chambers R R¹
By the splashing of the lubricant in the casing A these dishes are kept supplied
automatically with lubricant which passes to the journals of the shaft B through
the said holes Q Q¹ and chambers R R¹.
The compression and suction valves K and M respectively may be mounted in
any suitably constructed seatings, but I prefer to construct and secure those
seatings in the manner shown in the drawing. As regards the compression valve
K, I form its seating S in the shell or casing St which has a shoulder S forming
a gas-tight joint with a corresponding shoulder $3 on the valve-box J by means
of a suitable joint ring St. T is a piece accurately turned and bored and fitted
to the shell or casing S¹ it forms the guide for the stem K¹ of the valve K and
bears metal to metal against the upper end of the said shell or casing S. It is
provided with a shoulder T against which a suitable joint-ring T is pressed by
à fillet U of the valve-box cover U1 when the latter is screwed up. By this con-
struction of valve seat and guide they are made entirely independent of the
cover U¹ for their alignment although they are secured in place and the joints S*
and are made gas-tight by means of such cover: so that however the cover may
be screwed-up the valve cannot be thrown-off its seat; but it may be readily
re-ground without removing the seat from the valve-box.
As regards the suction valve M, I form its seating V in a casing VI screwed
into the piston and making a gas-tight joint therewith by means of the joint
ring V2
By constructing and securing the valve seats in the manner above described I
obtain the further advantage that they can be readily removed for putting in or
taking out the valves without taking the compressor to pieces as has been hereto-
fore necessary.
By the arrangement of a suction valve in the piston in combination with the
suction inlet ports opening into the cylinder at points near the end of the outward
stroke of the piston I am enabled to reduce to a minimum the lift of the suction
valve, and thereby to correspondingly reduce the destructive hammering so common
in the ordinary mushroom type of valve. I am also enabled to run the pump at
a much higher piston speed than when such arrangement is not employed. The
construction of valve shown also gives free passage for the gas, and allows the
valve to open and close instantly under all pressures and conditions without the
aid of springs, cushions or other similar devices.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. In a gas compression pump the combination of a suction valve in the
piston with suction inlet ports opening into the cylinder at points near the end
of the outward stroke of the piston, substantially as described and for the pur-
poses specified.
Second. A gas compression pump constructed and operating substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
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Cine to Con mc- concr
F. C. RICHARDSON,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C., Agent.