Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of High Holborn, London, Dairy Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to churns of large capacity adapted to be worked by steam or
other power, and comprises various improvemenis upon the churns of small capacity
protected by my several Patents Nos: 18768-of 1893 ;-18825 of 1893;-24011 of
1893; and 4537 of 1894 ;-with the object of rendering the same and modifications
thereof suitable for the purpose of the present invention.
According to the present invention; in lieu of constructing the vessel containing
the milk or cream entire or all in one, whether made of wood or metal, as in the
aforesaid churns of small capacity, I now propose to construct the same in upper
and lower half parts; and instead of providing the vessel with one cover loose and
detachable from the vessel as in said churns of small capacity, I now propose to secure
to the upper half of the churning vessel two separate lids or hinged covers,-one being
adapted to be raised up at the front and the other being adapted to be raised up
behind, and both being adapted to be raised automatically by means of chains, pulleys
and counterweights working in a vertical hollow column erected upon a bridge longi-
tudinally or otherwise spanning the upper half of the churning vessel.
The present improvements also relate to the construction of the internal drum or
cylinder for agitating the milk or cream, whereby it is caused to deal more effectually
with the large quantities of milk or cream which such churns of large capacity are
adapted to deal with, say, for example, from 100 to 200 gallons, or more, at a time.
To this end, the drum is made of a hollow formation, and of metal, preferably
tin plate, and is fitted with hollow journals through which cold or ice water or
steam may be admitted, according to the season of the year, for the purpose of
effectually and expeditiously regulating the temperature of the large body of milk
or cream to be dealt with in the churning vessel, which can be readily determined
by a thermometer embedded in the churning vessel and indicating the temperature
externally, or by one lowered into such vessel. The agitating fingers or fins are
secured to the metal drum by semi-circular bands which encircle the drum and
are bolted together, the fingers being set so that alternate fingers plough cavities:
in the milk or cream as they revolve, while the intervening set of fingers operates
in returning the milk or cream into the cavities so formed.
The butter-milk is drawn off from the churn very expeditiously by the application
of a full-way cock discharging into a convenient tank mounted on runners to facilitate
its being moved, and fitted with a strainer at its upper part to arrest and collect
any butter grains discharged with the butter-milk.
Dated this 21st day of March 1896.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Churns.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of High Holborn, London, Dairy Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
الله
This invention relates to an improved churn of large capacity suitable for factory
purposes and adapted to be worked by steam or other power. The churning vessel
and the rotating beater drum consist of modifications of those of the churns of
small capacity protected by my several Patents Nos. 18768, 18825 and 24011 of 1893,
and 4537 of 1894, designed to render the same applicable for the purpose of the
present invention.
On the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1, represents a partial longitudinal sectional
elevation of the improved churn, and Fig. 2, represents a transverse sectional elevation
thereof.
a, is the churning vessel, which may be made of wood or metal in upper and lower
parts, and of any desired length and diameter, according to its desired capacity,
which may be, say, from 50 to 200 gallons, or less or more as required.
The bottom part a', of the vessel a, is made semicylindrical in formation,
concentric with the axis of rotation of the beater-drum b.
Longitudinally along the upper part of the vessel a, is arranged a bridge-piece a³,
stretching from one churn end as, to the other a'. To the edges of this bridge-
piece are hinged or otherwise suitably secured two independent lids or covers a, a,
the one a, being situated at the front of the vessel a, and the other a, being
situated at the rear thereof. Centrally of the length of the bridge a², is erected
a hollow column c, which supports a pair of pulleys c', each of which supports a
chain c, which, at the one end, is connected to one of the lids a, a, and, at the
other end, is connected to a counterweight ; the arrangement permitting of the
lids being easily manipulated. The front lid a', is made with a declivity a', against
which the milk or cream is dashed by the rotating beater drum b, and is fitted
with a thermometer 8, by means of which the temperature within the churn can
be ascertained at a glance from outside thereof, and between the fore edge of the
lid and the front of the churn an air-space a', is left for venting the churn and
aerating the cream or milk during the churning operation. The lid as, is also formed
with eyelets a¹0, by which the progress of the churning can be viewed.
The beater-drum may consist of a wooden drun 6, fast on a steel spindle b', and
carrying sets of fingers 62, let into the substance of the drum and so shaped on their
acting faces 6, and so set that the alternate rows of fingers plough cavities in the
milk or cream as they revolve, while the intervening sets of fingers operate in
returning the cream into the cavities so formed; and, in such case, for the purpose of
expeditiously raising or lowering (according to the season of the year) the temperature
of the churn's contents, to that most suitable, for the churning operation, I admit
steam or cold or ice water, as the case,may require, to a chamber d, running along the
lower part a', of the chamber a, by suitable connections d', providing the same with
regulating valves d, and connections d³, leading to a steam trap or cold water exit.
Or the beater drum may be made hollow and of metal, and be fitted in any suitable
manner with hollow journals through which the cold or ice water or steam may be
admitted to the drum for the purposes aforesaid, and, in such case, the agitating
fingers may be secured to the drum by sectorul bands which encircle the drum and
are bolted together.
One end of the vessel a, is fitted with a full-way cock f, of a relatively large

page_text: diameter, by means of which the butter-milk and butter granules may be simultaneously
and expeditiously, and without injury to the butter granules, drawn off into a
convenient receptacle or tank which may be mounted on runners to facilitate its being
moved, and fitted with a strainer by which the butter milk can be drained from the
butter granules, preparatory to the washing of the latter and the removal thereof to a
butter worker.
The beater-drum spindle b', is mounted in glandular bearings e, which prevent.
escape of the lubricant into the vessel a, and which can be readily taken apart and
cleaned from the outside.
The vessel a, is supported, at its ends in brackets g, to which it is secured by
straps g', and the lids a, a, are held down by shackles and screws a". The beater
drum spindle is fitted with fast and loose pulleys 64, 6, and may be driven by any
convenient motive power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-.
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I.
claim is :-
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
Chartered Patent Agents,
321 High Holborn, London, W.C., Applicant's Agents.