Improvements in Cartridge. Cases.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left: 9th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 18th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cartridge. Cases.
I, JOSEPH ARTHUR MARSHALL of 105, Hainton Street, Great Grimsby,
Lincolnshire, "Clothiers Manager," do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
same,
: -
My invention relates to cartridge cases, its objects being, to so manufacture the
that by their use 1 can obtain increased penetration without a corresponding.
increase of the powder charge; perfect combustion and instantaneous ignition of
the whole charge of powder, thus avoiding the fouling of the barrel, and at the
same time reducing the force of recoil.
My invention is equally applicable to all classes of central fire cartridges,
whether for sporting, military mining, blasting or other like purposes.
In central fire cartridges as at present constructed, the base of the case is made
flat and the cap chamber projects more or less into the charge chamber, consequently
when the case is loaded, a certain portion of the charge is below the line of fire,
and when the flash issues from the primer it ignites only that portion of the
charge which is in front of the mouth of the cap chamber, thus that portion of
the powder, lying at the bottom of the case, is often only partially consumed, being
not only wasted, but tending at the same time to foul the weapon and cause
corrosion if left too long in the barrel. To obviate the above mentioned waste and
inconvenience I construct my improved cartridge cases with a charge chamber
having a conical cup shaped or other like base, no part of which is behind the
nipple of the cap chamber. A small hole is bored at the apex of the cone to admit
the nipple of the cap chamber, the entire charge is thus placed in front of the
igniting flash from the primer, and consequently is entirely consumed, exerting its
full force on the shot and producing much less recoil.
nhin eth dowof February 1893
GRAHAM, BINNIE & Co.,
Cliffords Inn, E.C., Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
-Improvements in Cartridge Cases.
I, JOSEPH Arthur. MARSHALL of 105, Hainton Street, Great Grimsby,
Lincolnshire, "Clothiers Manager," do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in.and by the following statement:-
My invention relates.to cartridge cases, its objects being, to so manufacture the
same, that by their use I can obtain increased penetration without a corresponding
increase of the powder charge ;. perfect combustion and instantaneous ignition. of
the whole charge of powder, thus avoiding the fouling of the barrel, and at the
same.time reducing the force of. recoil.
My invention is equally applicable to all classes of central fire cartridges, whether
for, sporting, military, mining,. blasting or other. like purposes.
In central fire cartridges as at present constructed, the base of the case is made
flat and the cap chamber projects more or less into the charge chamber, consequently
when. the case is loaded, a. certain portion of the charge is below the line of fire,
and when the flash issues from the primer it ignites only that portion of the charge
which is in front of the mouth of the.cap. chamber, thus that portion of the powder,

page_text: lying at the bottom of the case, is often only partially consumed, being not only
wasted, but tending at the same time to foul the weapon and cause corrosion if left
too long in the barrel.
A
To obviate the above mentioned waste and inconvenience, I construct my
improved cartridge cases with a charge chamber having a conical, cup shaped
or other like base, no part of which is behind the nipple of the cap chamber.
small hole is bored at the apex of the cone to admit the nipple of the cap chamber,
the entire charge is thus placed in front of the igniting flash from the primer and
consequently is entirely consumed, exerting its full force on the shot and producing
much less recoil.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the ordinary cartridge now in common use.
Fig. 2 is a similar-view-of-a-shot-cartridge constructed according to my
invention.
Figs. 3 & 4 respectively, show two convenient forms of base for use in my
cartridge cases.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in each of the several
figures.
a is the case; b the conical or cup shaped base; c the cap chamber; d the hole
through which the flash from the primer issues to ignite the charge e; f. is the shot
charge and 9 g the wads.
By referring to Fig. 1, it will be seen that the cap chamber c projects into the
charge chamber, so that when the powder is inserted in the cartridge case, and
pressed down, a portion fills up the space h h. On firing, the powder lying in the
space being behind the flash, is not ignited simultaneously with the bulk of the
charge, thus the propelling power of that portion of the powder is consequently
weakened, if not entirely lost.
In my improved cartridge case, as seen in Fig. 2, the whole of the charge is
directly in front of the cap chamber c, so that the flash ignites the entire charge
simultaneously. The base of my improved cartridge case is formed by the conical
plug b. which may be made in any suitable material, such as wood, metal, papier
maché, paper or the like and of any convenient shape, provided it presents a cup-
shaped or like surface to the charge chamber when it is pushed home in the case
and lies flush with the metallic base. In the conical base 6 is a small central hole
forming direct communication with the cavity i (see Figs. 3 & 4) for the reception
of the cap chamber which is inserted from the outside in the usual way. The cap
chamber terminates in a small countersunk orifice, which comes flush with, and
closely fits into the above mentioned hole at the apex of the conical face of the
base b, thus entirely obviating the necessity of anvils in the cap itself and causing
an immense saving both of time and trouble in the operation of capping and
re-capping the cartridges.
The advantages gained by the use of my improved cartridge cases are :-
1st. Greater propelling power and increased penetration in consequence of the
more perfect and simultaneous combustion of the powder charge.
2nd. Reduction in the force of recoil on account of the whole charge lying in
front of the ignition flash by which the charge is as it were, induced to have a
forward, rather than a backward tendency.
:
3rd. Great saving in time trouble and expense consequent on the arrangement of
the cap chamber, entirely obviating the use of anvils in the cap.
4th. Absence of fouling in the barrel and economy, there being no unconsumed
particles of the charge left to cause corrosion.
My invention can be applied to cartridges of all dimensions, for use in rifles,
pistols and small arms of every description; also to guns of large calibre and to
blasting and similar cartridges.
I wish it to be understood that I do not strictly confine myself to the exact forms
of base illustrated in the drawings, as I may slightly modify the same without
essentially departing from the nature of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what.
manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I claim is :-
1st. The use, in cartridge cases, of a conical, cup shaped or like solid base piece,.
recessed as illustrated for the reception of the cap chamber substantially as herein
above described for the purposes specified.
2nd. The cap chamber as adapted for use with the base piece claimed in the
previous claim, substantially as herein described and illustrated, for the purpose:
specified.
Dhin 0th day of February 1892
GRAHAM, BINNIE & Co.,
Agents for Applicant.