IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND GENERATORS FOR RAISING STEAM FOR EVAPORATING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Oram, of No. 4, Kempson Road, Walham
Green, Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND GENERATORS FOR RAISING STEAM FOR
EVAPORATING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”
Scaled the 31st October 1871, and dated the 3rd May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Oram at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd May 1871.
I, SAMUEL ORAM, of No. 4, Kempson Road, Walham Green, Fulham,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND GENERATORS FOR RAISING
STEAM FOR EVAPORATING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in arranging the heating surfaces or
portions thereof of boilers or generators for raising steam and for
evaporating and for other purposes in such a manner as to cause a
thin film of the water or other fluid to be evaporated to be presented
to the same, whereby a rapid and constant flowing current of the water

page_text: or other fluid is caused and constrained to pass over such heating
surfaces or portions thereof, and thereby to take up the heat with rapidity
and increase the amount of steam produced.
In order to obtain these results I place within the boiler and around
each fire tube another tube so much larger in diameter as to leave a
concentric space of the required area between the two, into which spacc
the water or other fluid to be evaporated finds an entrance, and the
heat radiated from the inclosed fire tube enters this film or envelope
of water or other fluid, and causes the same to rise in the tube, and
in its progress or passage to be converted into steam, a fresh supply
entering to take its place. By these means I obtain a constrained,
rapid, and continuous circulation of the water, or other fluid contained
within the boiler or generator, and lessen the tendency to incrustation or
deposit settling on the heating surfaces aforesaid, and also diminish
the tendency to priming.
And in order further to increase the efficiency of the fuel employed to
furnish-the heat required, I-cause-the-products of the combustion to be
detained or retarded in their progress to the point of their exit, so that
more time may be afforded for the heat to act on the surfaces exposed
thereto.
These arrangements may be applied to any boiler or generator used
for raising steam for evaporating and for other purposes, such as heating
air, water, or other fluids where tubes through which the fire passes are
employed, and which tubes are placed at any angle less than a right
angle to the plane of the horizon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Oram in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 3rd November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
ORAM, of No. 4, Kempson Road, Walham Green, in the County of 3
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and 3

page_text: grant unto me, the said Samuel Oram, Her special licence that I,
the said Samuel Oram, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Samuel Oram, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND GENERATORS
FOR RAISING STEAM FOR EVAPORATING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Oram, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the, said Samuel Oram, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing here-
unto annexed, that is to say:-
:-
My improvements consist in arranging the heating surfaces or
portions thereof of boilers or generators for raising steam and for
evaporating and for other purposes in such a manner as to cause a thin
film of the water or other fluid to be evaporated to be presented to
the same, whereby a rapid and constant flowing current of the water
or other fluid is caused and constrained to pass over such heating.
surfaces or portions thereof, and thereby to take up the heat with
rapidity and increase the amount of steam produced.
In order to obtain these results I place within the boiler and around
each fire tube another tube so much larger in diameter as to leave a
concentric space of the required area between the two, into which space
the water or other fluid to be evaporated finds an entrance, and the
heat radiated from the internal fire tube enters this film or envelope
of water or other fluid, and causes the same to rise in the outer tube,
and in its progress to be converted into steam, a fresh supply of water
or other fluid entering to supply its place. By this means a constrained,
rapid, and continuous circulation of the water or other fluid contained

page_text: of my Invention, I refer to the accompanying Drawing only to illustrate
some of such modes, manners, or ways by which the parts, combinations,
and principles of my Invention may be carried into effect, and I do not
limit myself to the exact forms, arrangements, or combinations shown
therein as such parts and combinations arc susceptible of modification
without departing from the principles of my Invention, but what I
claim as my Invention is,-
1stly. The adaptation, combination, and arrangement of the means,
modes, and ways herein-before described or explained or indicated to be
used or employed in constructing the several arrangements for effecting
the rapid circulation of only a thin film of water or other fluid around,
along, and upwards over the heating surface of the fire tube in the
manner and for the objects and purposes mentioned, substantially as
herein-before described.
2ndly. Admitting the steam or vapour when formed in the outer tube
to enter the water space of the boiler into the upper part thereof, instead
of passing it through the bulk of water, or fluid, in the boiler or
generator.
3rdly. The reservoir of heat formed in the upper part of the fire
tube.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Oram, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.