IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING YARN FOR WEAVING. AND IN APPARATUS for Drying Yarn or CLOTH.”
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Baerlein, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING YARN
FOR WEAVING. AND IN APPARATUS for Drying Yarn or CLOTH.”
FOR WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARN OR CLOTH.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Baerlein at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th March 1874.
I, MAXIMILIAN BAERLEIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING YARN FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARN OR
CLOTH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally in singcing or burning off the
loose fibres from the yarn by means of the flame of gas or a mixture of
gases or gas and atmospheric air, either in the sizing, stiffening, or other
preparing machine, whilst being wound or dressed on to a beam or
roller; and secondly, in the drying of yarn (either separately or in con-

page_text: nection with singeing) by attaching to the sizing, stiffening, or other
machine for preparing the yarn an apparatus in which the drying agent
is the flame or flames of gas, or air heated by a flame or flames of gas.
For cloth I propose to employ this gas drying apparatus in place of the
present steam cylinder, tentering, or other air drying machine now in
usc, in which the cloth is dried cither by direct contact with heated
surfaces, or by air heated either by steam or by other means different
from the flame of gas, but I wish distinctly to disclaim the singeing of
cloth (and drying it whilst singeing) by means of gas, as this has been
previously practised.
The yarn or cloth passes over rollers or winces arranged by preference
in an enclosed chamber, in such a manner that the moisture and steam
arising from the same escapes at the top or is carried away by the
employment of an exhaust fan.
I use the flame or flames of gas (or mixture of gases) across the whole
width of the machine, which in the case of singeing is in direct contact
with the yarn, and so arranged that it can either be extinguished or
moved out of contact with the yarn by self-acting means whenever the
machine stops.
When drying yarn or cloth the flame is below, and in some cases I
place betwixt the yarn and the flame a perforated plate, wire gauze, or
other suitable screen to prevent any broken or loose ends from coming
into contact with the flame.
In cases where the yarn or cloth has to pass through heated liquids or
paste, as in the sizing or dressing machine, I sometimes make use of the
flame of gas (or mixture of gases) also for heating or boiling the said
liquid or paste.

page_text: :
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Maximilian Baerlein, Her special
license that I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, my
executors, administrators, and assigns,, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING YARN FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING YARN OR
CLOTH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Maximilian
Baerlein, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under the, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and oause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
L
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say):-
My Invention consists, firstly, in singcing or burning off the loose
fibres from the yarn by means of the flame of gas or a mixture of gases
or gas and atmospheric air whilst the yarn is being wound or dressed on
to a beam or roller in a slieet of threads to improve its appearance or to
better prepare it for weaving as the loose fibres on the warp when in the
loom through the action of the slay and reed get beaten up and form
lumps, which often will not pass through the reed and cause the yarn to
break.
:
The singeing has hitherto been effected by passing the yarn on a

page_text: i
through a flame of gas, or by singeing off the fibres of the warp whilst
in the loom by means of a red-hot iron. I effect the singeing by means
of gas, either in a separate machine whilst winding it from a roller or
beam on to another roller or beam, or in connection with the beaming,
warping, sizing, stiffening, or other preparing machine.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention, I will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in order
that the same may be clearly understood I have annexed hereunto
Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same
with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the
following explanation thereof:-
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing is a detached view of the working parts
of the apparatus which I propose to employ for singeing yarn.
"
a, a, is a mixing chamber for mixing the gases used for singeing, 1
which by preference are ordinary coal gas mixed with atmospheric air;
b, b, is a fan for blowing atmospheric air into the mixing chamber or
tube a, a. The gas is led into the chamber by the pipe c, c. The
quantity of air blown amongst the gas is regulated by the tap d, and
that of gas by the tap e. These two taps are so adjusted that just such 2
proportions of air and gas are mixed which will burn in a blue flame
giving a thorough combustion and burning without causing any
smoke.
:
At certain intervals I place vertical pipes f, f, in the mixing chamber;
which convey the gas to the burner pipes g. The pipes 7, 9, extend 2
across the width of the machine or sheet of threads, and are perforated
on the top, through which perfortions the gas escapes, and being lighted
forms a perfect line. of flame over the full width of the sheet of yarn.
The yarn is passed under the rollers h, h, and over h¹, h', through the
flames, and in consequence of the speed with which it travels sufficient
time is given only for burning off the loose fibres without the yarn
catching fire. k, k, are ordinary taps on the pipes f, f, and i, i, are
hinges, which allow the top part of the pipe f, f, to be lowered down, as
indicated by the dotted circle. These hinges may be so arranged that
when being turned down they at the same time reduce the opening of å
the pipe, and thus giving a smaller flame to save waste of gas.

page_text: The upper parts of the pipes ff, are or may be connected together by
a rod 1, 1, and by pulling or pushing this rod the flames are moved out
of contact with the yarn. By connecting the rod 2, 1, with the-starting
and stopping handle of the machine to which the singeing apparatus is
applied this operation can be made quite self-acting so as to prevent the
yarn
from taking fire when the machine stops.
In the Drawing I show two burners for singeing, but one or any
number may be used.
When using this singeing apparatus in connection with a sizing,
stiffening, or dressing machine I by preference apply it only after the
yarn is partly or wholly dry, and if partly dry the flame of the gas itself
assists in drying it entirely by the yarn passing through it, and also by
the heat ascending from the flame, and for the latter purpose I then
place the guide rollers h, higher up and enclose the flame and yarn.
This I do especially in connection with my gas drying machine, herein;
after explained, by using the last row or rows of lights for singeing and
making suitable arrangements for the bottom rollers h, h, so that the
yarn passes through the flame itself.
In certain cases I enclose the yarn and flame of the singeing machine
and employ an exhaust fan for carrying off the burnt fibres and ashes.
When the pressure of gas is variable I employ any ordinary regulator
for regulating and equalizing the pressure.
My Invention consists, secondly, in drying yarn (either separately or
in connection with singeing) by attaching to the sizing, stiffening, or
other machine for preparing the yarn an apparatus in which the drying
agent is the flame or flames of gas or air heated by direct contact with
the flame or flames of gas.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 2 shows a sectional
elevation of my improved sizing apparatus in connection with an
ordinary sizing machine called a "slasher."
Fig. 3 is the plan of the drying apparatus, and Fig. 4, the cross section
of the same.
· The ordinary creel for holding the back beams off which the yarn is to
be sized is marked x on Fig. 2, the "sow box "y, and the headstock.a 2.

page_text: The dried yarn is wound on the weaver's beam w in the headstock, as
indicated by the Drawing.
: The drying apparatus consists of the fan, mixing chamber, connecting
and burner pipes, and other parts connected with the admission and
regulation of the gas and air, precisely as explained in reference to
Fig. 1, and the various parts are marked with the same letters of
reference in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, as in Fig. 1.. The yarn is conducted over
the roller , h, and under the roller h, h, in a zig-zag or serpentine
form, and is enclosed all round by a suitable, framing, as shown.
The flames may be turned lower when stopping the machine by
applying to the taps k, k, an arm acted upon by a connecting rod, which
rod is or may be in connection with the stop handles of the machine
similar to the rod. 1, 1, described with reference to Fig. 1, with only this
difference that the flame of gas can be lowered or raised by the taps k, k,
instead of being turned down round the hinges i, i, of Fig. 1, and thus
save gas wlien stopping and prevent the yarn from becoming over dry.
. Between the bottom roller and the flame of gas a perforated sheet of
tin or other equivalent can be inserted to prevent ends from falling down
and coming into contact with the flame, which may occur when but few
numbers of ends per inch have to be dried. An exhaust fan may also
be employed for carrying away the moisture arising from the yarn.
The last row or rows of flame or any of them may be arranged for
singeing, thus combining both drying and singeing, as shown and
described with reference to the singeing apparatus. The interior of the
framework may also be divided by means of partitions if desired.
Thirdly. For drying cloth I propose to employ this gas drying
apparatus in place of the present steam cylinder, tentering, or other air
drying machines now in use in which the cloth is dried either by direct
contact with the heated surfaces or by air heated by steam or by any
other means different from the direct application of the flame of gas,
but I wish to disclaim the singeing of cloth (and drying it whilst
singeing), and also the employment of gas for drying cloth whilst it is
kept in a horizontal position in single layers.
The apparatus for drying cloth is substantially the same as that for

page_text: I cause the cloth to make multiple layers, which by preference I arrange
in a serpentine or zig-zag form, so that the moisture arising from the
cloth or or can be carried away without again coming in contact with it.
In certain cases where it is required that the cloth shall retain its full
width or even be stretched wider I employ, as in other tentering
machines, an endless chain passing over and under the guide rollers and
returning under the bottom rollers. This chain is on both sides of the
machine, and the guide rollers are made to expand and to take hold of
the chain, so that the chain can be set at any distance within the limits
of the machine. Fixed to the chain are pins or other suitable means
for taking hold of the cloth which is fastened to the chain when
entering the drying chamber, and kept by the chain free from contact
with the rollers.
In cases where the yarn or cloth has to pass through heated liquids or
paste, as in sizing or dressing machines, I sometimes make use of the
flame of gas (or mixture of gases) also for heating or boiling the said
liquids or paste, but I make no special claim to this.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may bc pcr-
formed or carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I
claim as my Iuvention,--
Firstly. The singeing of yarn in the form of a sheet of threads by the
direct action of a flame or flames of gas or a mixture of gases or gas
and atmospheric air whilst it is being wound on to a roller or beam or
other equivalent.
Secondly. I claim the drying of yarn in the form of a sheet of threads
by the direct action of heat from a flame or flames of gas or mixture of
gases, or of gas and atmospheric air, or by air heated by direct contact
with such flame or flames.
Thirdly. I claim the combination of the singcing and drying processes
for yarn, as herein-before described.
Fourthly. I claim the drying of cloth whilst passing over and under
rollers in a zig-zag or serpentine or other similar form by the direct
action of the heat from a flame or flames of gas or a mixture of gases, or

page_text: of gas and atmospheric air, or by air heated by direct contact with such
flame or flames.
And, Fifthly. I claim the construction and arrangement of apparatus,
herein-before described and exhibited on the Drawings annexed for
effecting such objects, or any mere modification or imitation thereof,
constructed and operating in substantially the same or a similar
manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Baerlein, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Nineteenth day of September,
in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four..
MAXIMILIAN BAERLEIN. (L.s.)
Witnessed by,
GEORGE DAVIES, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.