matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING POWER OF GASES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Macdonald at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1880.
JOHN MACDONALD, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR INCREASING THE ILLUMINATING
POWER OF GASES."
The object of this Invention is to cause gas to be enriched by passing it through
or over a carburetting material (such as gasoline, for example) in such a manner
as to allow only a small portion of the carburetting material to be exposed to the
action of the gas at one time, by which the illuminating power of the carburetting
material remains uniform throughout, instead of deteriorating after being exposed
to the action of the gas for a short time, as heretofore; also a means whereby the
liquid portion of the vapour of the hydro carbon is absorbed before passing into the
pipes for consumption, thus preventing condensation.
In order to affect the above I construct an apparatus substantially as follows:-
I employ a closed chamber having an inlet and outlet pipe, and containing one
or more tubes tapered towards the bottom; these tubes extend to about an
eighth of an inch of the bottom of the aforesaid chamber, the outlet at bottom
of the tubes being very small, and having a suitable valve to close them
automatically during charging. Around the tubes I place sponge or other suitable
absorbent material in such a manner that the latter is continually kept saturated
by the action of the hydro carbon, as hereafter described. Around the aforesaid
chamber I fix a water tight jacket in such a manner as when filled with water
or other suitable liquid it prevents any leakage of the hydro carbon.
In order to prevent condensation in the pipes I connect to the outlet of the
aforesaid chamber another chamber containing an absorbent material, cuttings of
Turkey sponge by preference, which may be renewed from time to time. When sponge
is employed I place it in such a way as to prevent contact with any metal that
may be employed.
I may employ one or more of these absorbing chambers, as found desirable,
The action is as
according to the distance the carburetted gas has to travel.
follows:-
:-
Having first charged the tubes in the aforesaid chamber with the carburetting
material, I then close the tubes, which causes the valves at the bottom to open and

page_text: allow a sufficient portion of the carburetting material to pass into bottom of the
chamber and saturate the sponges therein. I then allow the gas to pass through
the inlet pipe and make its way through and between the sponges and tubes, thus
allowing it to absorb sufficient and uniform quantity of carburretting material
to enrich it and increase its illuminating power. The gas thus carburetted then 5
passes through the absorbing chamber or chambers, whereby it becomes dried so
as to prevent condensation in the pipes.
IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH UMBRELLAS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Palmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD PALMER, of Winchester, in the County of Hants.
IMPROVEMENT CONNECTED WITH UMBRELLAS.”
" AN
This Invention relates to an improvement connected with umbrellas or to
appliances fitted thereto to prevent the body or covering turning inside out during
gusts of wind or otherwise.
The Invention consists in fitting a light yet strong wire, or it may be a cord,
from the tip or near the tip of each rib to a ring arranged upon the handle between
the upper stop pin and the top notch. The ring may be fitted loosely and be
free to slide and adjust itself upon the bandle to the opening and the closing
operations.
open
is
Any strain upon the cover from the inside when the umbrella is
immediately taken up by the wires and the umbrella is kept in proper shape by
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ACCUMULATORS FOR OIL PRESSES AND THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Good and Robert William
Menzies at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October
1880.
RICHARD GOOD, and ROBERT WILLIAM MENZIES, of Hull, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ACCUMULATORS FOR OIL PRESSES AND THE LIKE."
The Invention has for its main object the more simple, rapid, and effectual action
of presses for pressing oil seeds, fruits, and similar substances; and also in presses
for expressing oil from seeds, fruits, and similar substances, and for rendering
more simple the construction and reducing the first cost and maintainance in
working order of the said machinery.
At present the practice in oil mills is to work such presses or groups of presses
by means of one or more hydraulic pumps either with or without an accumulator
and where an accumulator is employed it consists of a chamber containing a ram
working through a stuffing box, and the said ram weighted to the pressure
per square inch at which the presses are to be worked.
By our Invention the weighted accumulator is dispensed with, and an air vessel
is substituted without any weights or moving rams. This vessel or receiver is
placed upon or in connection with the pressure pipe from the pump to the press or
other machine, and is in communication therewith at the bottom.
Both
The pump or pumps force the liquid into the lower part of the receiver until
the compressed air at the top has attained to a certain pressure, when a loaded relief
valve or equivalent opens and no more liquid enters the receiver, the fluid in which
is prevented from running back by a suitable valve or equivalent device.
valves are selfacting and respectively close and open again when the pressure in
the receiver falls. The communication between the receiver and the press or presses
can be opened and closed at any time, and the press or presses worked at any
convenient speed independent of the speed of the pump or pumps by means of the
liquid in the receiver and the pressure of the air above the liquid.
We have so far described only one receiver, but any convenient number may
of course be employed, and the number of pumps or presses in one system is
immaterial so long as sufficient capacity is provided in the air vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR PERFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hudson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1880.
THOMAS HUDSON, of Coatbridge, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH FOR PERFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL."
This Invention, which relates to steam boilers and apparatus connected
therewith, has for its object to render the combustion of fuel burned therein
practically perfect.
The Invention consists in constructing the steam or water spaces of boilers with
one or more tubes through which air is drawn or forced by the action of an injector
or equivalent apparatus. By this means the air is at once highly heated, and is
discharged through a discharge pipe or pipes amongst the flame or gaseous portions
of the fuel at a point a short distance within or upon the position of the dead plate
of steam boiler furnaces, or at or near the bridge, or into or through a hollow
bridge.
The tubes herein before referred to, in addition to acting as air heating tubes, also
act as longitudinal stays for steam boilers.
In place of or in addition to heating the air by tubes in the water or
steam spaces of boilers, such air heating tubes may be placed in the flues
thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING BUTTONS TO ARTICLES OF DRESS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1880.
CHRISTOPHER WILLIAM CLARK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manager of Works. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING BUTTONS TO ARTICLES OF
DRESS AND OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described, whereby
buttons may be readily and securely attached to articles of dress and other articles,
and the ordinary sewing of the button to the garment or article dispensed
with.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a button and garment.
I make a hook of ductile metallic wire, the shank of the hook having a disc like
or other shaped head.
I pass the hook through a hole in the garment only sufficiently large to allow of
the passage of the said hook. I introduce the hook into the loop shank of the
button to be attached, and by pressure applied by the thumb and finger or by a
pair of plyers or otherwise I close the mouth or open part of the hook, thus pre-
venting its accidental withdrawal from the loop shank; the button is thereby
securely attached to the garment. The positions of the shank and hook may be
reversed with the same or nearly the same effect, that is, the shank of the button
may be made in the form of a hook, and the hook herein before described may be
replaced by a loop attached to a bead. In this case the loop is passed through the
hole in the garment from the back to the front of the garment, and the hook at
the back of the button is introduced or booked into the loop and closed by pressure
until it can no longer pass from off the loop.
When it is wished to detach a button attached according to my Invention it is
necessary, by the use of a pair of plyers or other equivalent means, to open the
closed book, that is, to restore it to its original hook form, so that the loop can
pass out of the hook when the button is detached from the garment.
Instead of the hook described for engaging in the loop a wire bent into the form
of the letter S may be employed. This Ĕ shaped wire has an arch at its middle,

page_text: and when the loop is passed onto the said S shaped wire it enters the said arch.
The loop is preserved in its place in the arch by the ends of the S shaped wire
being closed on either side of the arch.
Although my Invention is especially applicable to the attachment of buttons to
articles of dress, yet it is also applicable to the attachment of buttons to other
articles to which it may be required to attach buttons, such, for example, as straps
or belts for various purposes, purses, bags, and the like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Swift at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1880.
JAMES SWIFT, of the Firm of James Swift and Son, of 43, University Street,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MICROSCOPES."
My Invention relates to a new form of microscope diaphragm for modifying or
regulating the amount of light reflected from the mirror of the instrument whilst
transmitted through the object placed on the stage and intended for examination.
This diaphragm consists of a piece of metal or any other suitable material curved to
the required radius, to which a circular movement is imparted, and which causes it
to traverse immediately beneath the aperture of the upper surface of the stage on
which the object lies, and brings its outside portion on a level with the upper
surface of the stage. It is connected with an arm or lover, at the lower extremity
of which is an axis which turns in a suitable bearing, thus causing the curved or
radial diaphragm to move in connection with the upper part of the said lever; and
when the axis is turned in its bearing, it causes the diaphragm to traverse the
under surface of the stage, thus bringing the various sized apertures pierced
through the diaphragm successively under the centre of the objective, in which
central position they are arrested by means of a spring catch. The axis or spindle
upon which the lever or arm carrying the curved or radial diaphragm turns, is
parallel to the plane of the horizon. This axis or spindle may be made to fit and
move from one side only, or may be extended so as to work in either one or
two bearings.
Instead of causing the diaphragm to traverse beneath the aperture of the upper
surface of the stage by means of the arm or lever herein above described, it may
be made to slide in grooves, dovetails, or slots formed in a piece secured to the
under side of the stage, and curved to the same radius as the diaphragm. This
sliding traversing motion may be imparted by hand or by a rack and pinion, or
other suitable arrangement.
AN IMPROVED WATCH OR POCKET TIME KEEPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Dee at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1880.
LOUIS DEE, of Sherwood Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED WATCH OR POCKET TIME KEEPER."
"
The improvement consists in forming a watch or pocket time keeper with two
opposite dials or faces, one dial or face indicating the hours, and the other dial or
face indicating the minutes. Each dial is provided with one hand.
The advantage of the Invention is that persons using the watch can discover
the exact time to a minute with more facility than at present and with less
likelihood of error.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Louis Dec in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st March
1881.
LOUIS DEE, of Sherwood Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED WATCH OR POCKET TIME KEEPER."
The improvement consists in forming a watch or pocket timekeeper with two
opposite dials or faces, one dial or face indicating the hours, and the other dial or
face indicating the minutes. Each dial is provided with one hand.
The advantage of the Invention is that persons using the watch can discover
the exact time to a minute with more facility than at present and with less
likelihood of error.
The improvement is clearly shown in the accompanying Drawings. Figure 1
shows the dial or face which indicates the hours, and Figure 2 that which shows
the minutes.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
A watch or pocket timekeeper having two opposite dials or faces, one indicating
the hours and the other the minutes, as described and shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Dee, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty eighth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one.
LOUIS DEE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES, PICKAXES, AND HOES BY COMBINING THEM FOR MILITARY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Macdonell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1880.
ALEXANDER MACDONELL, Lieutenant General in Her Majesty's Army
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES, PICKAXES, AND HOES BY COMBINING THEM FOR
MILITARY AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in spades, pickaxes, and hoes by
combining them for military and other purposes, and is designed to provide
an apparatus which will be of great strength and lightness, simple in construction
and operation, and will moreover provide special means for troops individually or
collectively throwing up shelter trenches. In carrying out my Invention I employ
a combination of parts, in which tho pickaxe projects beyond the spade, either
from the centre of its top edge or below its point at the bottom, and the handle
being either secured at right angles to the spade or in line with it provides the
mcans for obtaining a spade, pickaxe, or hoe, as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BEER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1880. A communication
from Leonard Meller, of Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, in the Empire of
Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BEER." [A communi-
cation from Leonard Meller, of Ludwigshafen-on-the-Rhine, in the Empire of
Germany.]
The Invention communicated to me consists in an apparatus for and method
of treating beer with an automatically controllable carbonic acid gas pressure,
generated either by the mid or second fermentation stage of the beer or artificially.
The apparatus for producing the carbonic acid gas consists of a series of vessels
provided with the necessary cocks and gauges with a pipe filled with water to
produce the required pressure, and suitable connecting pipes or tubes communi-
cating with taps fitting into the casks.
By this method the pressure will be equal in all the casks, for as they are all
connected the excess of pressure will pass from one cask to the other, and no where
will it be more than the column of water allows, the excess of pressure passing up
through the water and escaping out into the air.
The degree of pressure is regulated by the height of the column of water in the
herein before described pipe.
The pipe which connects the casks with the carbonic acid gas apparatus and the
water pipe is carried some inches above the water column, so that should the
pressure cease from any cause the water cannot flow back through the piping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO CIGARETTE MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Athanace Vassilicos at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1880.
ATHANACE VASSILICOS, of Constantinople, in the Empire of Turkey, but tem-
porarily at the Office for Patents, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO CIGARETTE MAKING MACHINES."
This Invention has for its object the making of cigarettes by machinery, and
consists of leather essentially in a wide endless cloth or other band upon three or
more rollers. Two of theso rollers aro preferably parallel to each other on the same
level; one, the feed roller, on movable bearings, so arranged that it can be drawn
forcibly away from the other (stationary) roller, but fly back against it by springs,
elastic bands, or counterweights. The lower roller regulates the amount of play
in the endless band, and itself can be regulated by screw or other means, so as to
be raised or lowered; by thus raising and lowering, the amount of feed and con-
sequently bulkiness of the tobacco in the cigarette, is exactly measured.
To make a cigarette, the cloth band is pressed down between the two top rollers,
and the trough thus formed is filled with tobacco. The edge of a paper envelope
(the other edge of which has been gummed) is introduced between the rollers. The
main or stationary roller is turned by a crank or other mechanism. The paper is
thus drawn in and rolled round the tobacco till the gummed edge comes over the
other, when, by pulling back the movable roller, the long cigarette is thrown out
and can be cut to lengths.
Sometimes too I may have four cylinders, three above and one below, so as to
make cigarettes on a roverse motion.
When working by hand instead of power, however, I prefer to have but three
cylinders, and to gum my papers by hand, either a lot together, as mourning paper
is coloured, or I have a revolving gumming roller; and as I take each paper up and
insert it in between the two rollers; I first press the other edge against the gum
rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE ATTACHMENT OF TELEGRAPH AND OTHER ELECTRIC CONDUCTING WIRES TO INSULATORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rowlands Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1880.
JOHN ROWLANDS EDWARDS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO THE ATTACHMENT OF TELEGRAPH
AND OTHER ELECTRIC CONDUCTING WIRES TO INSULATORS."
In fastening the line wire onto the insulators it is usual to attach it with binding
wire. This process is very wasteful of wire; the binding wire wears out sooner
than the line wire, and after a time the latter falls. Sometimes too the binding
wire comes undone, and the ends hanging down spoil the insulation, not merely of
their own line wire, but of such other line wires as they touch.
Now my Invention consists in making a wire clip in the shape of a ring welded
at the joint of good stiff wire, and of such dimension that when in position, as
hereafter described, it will still hold the line wire slightly bent round the insulator
with a tight grip.
In applying the clip or ring I first double it till the two halves nearly touch;
this is done in the manufacture. The line wire is placed between the two loops
formed by the doubled ring. The doubled ring or clip is then placed over the top
of the insulator and by a lover forced down into the groove. The strain on the line
wire, as well as the rigidity of the ring, prevents any tendency to its becoming loose,
and the line is held as in a vice between the insulator, bulging it slightly out and
the two loops.
IMPROVED MEANS OF FORMING A BASIS FOR EXECUTING EMBROIDERY OR OTHER ORNAMENTAL WORK
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sarah Redhouse at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1880.
SARAH REDHOUSE, of Hutton Grove, North Finchley, in the County of Middlesex,
Spinster. "IMPROVED MEANS OF FORMING A BASIS FOR EXECUTING EMBROIDERY
OR OTHER ORNAMENTAL WORK,"
The object of the Invention is to render embroidery or ornamental work more
durable by forming a stronger baso for the executing of the same respectively, and
by uniting the several parts of the pattern by continuous stitching, so as to produce
stronger and more enduring articles than those obtained from the ordinary
process.
Two pieces (but any convenient number may be employed) of lawn, muslin,
crape, silk, Bannel, cashmere, linen, or other kindred material are placed one over
the other (or others) and the pattern or design worked either by the hand or by
a sewing machine through and upon the base thus formed. The stitching is
unbroken and is carried along the bottom of the lower (or lowest) piece in such a
manner as to unite or connect by a chain stitch every separate portion of the entire
outline of the design or pattern. The margin of one end of the base or strip formed
by the union of the materials in the manner described is worked with through
stitching of a double character, and executed so that a ridge stitch extends along
the edge of the entire of said margin, and is continued so as to form on either side
of the strip close to the aforesaid edge a pattern which may be simple or elaborate
at the discretion of the worker. The margin of the strip is left open (that is, the
pieces are not connected or united in any manner) to admit of each of the pieces
being doubled inward, so that when the strip of embroidery is about to be attached
to any particular article the latter may be placed between the pieces and united to
them by through and unbroken stitching, as herein before described. By these
means the entire fabric is rendered stronger and more durable, and the effect
produced very ornamental, whether the design or pattern be simple or elaborate.
The embroidery thus executed is adapted for ladies' underclothing, dresses,
upholstery, and various other purposes.
AN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1880. A communication from
Martin Brie, Manufacturer, of Berlin, Prussia.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 109-110, Gneisenau Strasse,
Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "AN APPARATUS FOR MAKING CIGARETTES." A communi-
cation from Martin Brie, Manufacturer, of Berlin, Prussia.
This Invention relates to an apparatus for rolling cigarettes, and the improve-
ments which form the subject-matter of the Invention, consist in a novel
arrangement for operating the ribbon or cloth in which the rolling operation is
carried out, and in devices for preventing the cigarette from becoming too tight
while being made.
The rolling-cloth is fixed at one end to the side of a box, and at the other end to
the edge of a plate contained within the said box and supported by springs. The
roller which has to pass along under the cloth, when the cigarette is to be formed,
is pivoted to lugs on the sliding cover of the said box. Tobacco and paper being
put into a bend of the cloth, the sliding-cover carrying the roller is pushed
forward. The cigarette in course of formation is compressed between the cover
and the springing plate, the springs under the latter being so adjusted as not to
cause the cigarette to be rolled too tightly.
Instead of a springing plate, a fixed plate, serving as support for the cigarette,
may be used in combination with a sliding cover, the forward edge of which is so
far distant from the roller that the cigarette will not be compressed between the
cover and the said fixed plate, but that the rolling cloth may yield or be deflected
outward in the space between the roller and the edge of the cover, whereby its
becoming too tight is also prevented.
The roller, instead of being pivoted to the sliding cover, may, in either case, be
pivoted to a separate slide, the cover being in such case independent.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MEASURING DISTANCES FOR SECTIONS AND SURVEYS, APPLICABLE TO DUMPY LEVELS AND THEODOLITES, AND IN APPLIANCES THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Vincent White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1880.
HENRY VINCENT WHITE, of Longford, in the County of Longford, Ireland,
Civil Engineer, and County Surveyor of said County. "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF MEASURING DISTANCES FOR SECTIONS AND SURVEYS, APPLICABLE TO DUMPY
LEVELS AND THEODOLITES, AND IN APPLIANCES THEREFOR."
My said Invention enables distances to be calculated with greater case, accuracy,
and rapidity than hitherto, and can be adjusted in a simple manner to any ordinary
instrument, thereby increasing their range and serviceable value. In applying
the said Invention I propose to measure the distance of the staff used in levelling
from the instrument itself without the necessity of chaining, which latter method
is always troublesome in the field, and is also attended with inaccuracy where the
ground is uneven.
My Invention consists in fixing two additional wires parallel to and equidistant
from the ordinary borizontal wire in the diaphragm used for reading the staff, and
in the same focus, one above and the other below. It can be demonstrated
that then the distance of the staff from the object glass, less it focal length,
varies directly as the difference of the staff readings between these wires or that
D - f = × H, where,
D distance from object glass.
f=focal length.
W
IV === distance apart between upper and lower wires, and H difference of readings.
In the experiments made to test the practical value of my new method the
" constant" was ascertained from actual readings of the staff at various known
distances; the distance apart of the two new wires introduced is about one eight
of an inch, and the constant was found to be 101:6; the instrument is by
Troughton and Sims. Hence for a difference of staff readings amounting to one
foot, the distance from the focus 1016 feet, and for a difference of one tenth of
a foot, the distance = 10.16 feet, and for one hundredth of a foot, the distance =
I foot.
-

page_text: The results of my numerous experiments were perfectly satisfactory in establishing
the utility of the Invention, and the perfect reliability of the results even in the
case of work where extreine accuracy is required in addition to the other advantages;
thus true horizontal distances can be measured in uneven ground, which is
impossible with the chain only. These inequalities of surface are nearly always to
be met with in practice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mattison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1880.
CHARLES MATTISON, of Hammersmith, and also of 32, Southampton Buildings,
both in the County of Middlesex, Engineer. “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND POLISHING BOOTS AND SHOES."
This Invention has for its object the construction of simple and effective
apparatus for cleaning and polishing boots and shoes in an economical and
effective manner.
It consists in a stand or platform fitted with a hinged last or lasts, which can
be adjustable in their sizes, or various sizes can be placed in position. The boot or
shoe to be cleaned is placed on this platform with the last inside, and held in
position by a cramp or otherwise. By throwing back the last on its hinge the
foot with the boot on can be placed on the platform and the cleaning then
performed. I arrange a lever or its equivalent swivelling on a centre underneath
the platform and furnished with removable curved brushes, the distance between
which can be adjusted to suit the size of the boot or shoe to be cleaned.
One of these brushes operates on each side of the boot or shoe by having a
reciprocating movement (analogous to hand brushing) imparted to it by a pin crank,
or other device, from the main shaft. This shaft. actuates by mitre, friction wheels,
or their equivalent, a rotating brush pivoted on a horizontal axis which cleans tho
upper or front part of the boot or shoe.
"
A standard carrying a driving wheel is fitted to the stand, and this wheel
actuates the main shaft by an endless belt or other device, the relative sizes of the
pulleys being advantageously 3 to 1.
The various brushes can be made removable to allow of the different operations
of brushing, blacking, and polishing, or I may use a rotary blacking brush to be
held by a handle and operated by a flexible shaft from the main axle so as to be
applied to every part of the boot or shoe on the last or stand.
To assist in polishing more quickly, I may arrange a small fan actuated from
the main shaft, or otherwise working in a case which can be heated by a small
lamp, or otherwise, and furnished with a pipe and mouthpiece, so that warm air can
be blown on the boot or shoe after the blacking is put on.
This will materially shorten the time of polishing when large numbers of boots
have to be polished. The speed of the fan and quantity of air is readily
adjustable, and the fan or the sets of brushes are arranged to be thrown in and
out of gear as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AIR TO ILLUMINANTS AND COMBUSTION FURNACES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Bateman and John Waugh
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1880.
DANIEL BATEMAN, of Low Moor, in the County of York, Card Manufacturer, and
JOHN WAUGH, of Bradford, in the same County, Engineer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AIR TO ILLUMINANTS AND
COMBUSTION FURNACES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of supplying air
in such a manner as to increase the illuminosity of the flame in the case of oil or
kerosine lamps as follows:- A shaft forming the stem of the lamp, which can be
supported on a bracket or stand upon a base upon the table, is fitted with a winding
up arrangement at the bottom, which gives motion to a fan fixed at the top of the
shaft or cylinder. This fan is so made that it draws the air through appertures in
the case or side of the shaft, and forces the same upwards into a cavity formed by
the dishing or basin formation at the top of the shaft, into which sits an air tight
vessel containing the oil or kerosine, and terminates in the wick, which is regulated
in the ordinary manner; thus the outlet for the wick is the outlet for the air forced
upwards by the flame. The light is thus increased in illuminosity, no glass chimney
being required at all, an ordinary globe giving a finish to the lamp. In the case of
furnaces the fan or blast would be stronger to suit the requirements, and give off
more heat than light in proportion to the air supplied.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN FIELD GUN CARRIAGES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1880.
GEORGE HENDERSON, of Elswick Works, Newcastle upon Tyne. "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN FIELD GUN CARRIAGES."
In gun carriages, as now usually constructed for field service, the axle tree of the
wheels is braced with the body of the carriage by a diagonal tension rod on each side,
the object being to prevent the bending or breaking of the axle-tree by the recoil
of the gun. These tension rods are very liable to break when the connection with
the body of the carriage is rigid, and it has therefore been found necessary to
complicate the carriage by the introduction of a spring buffer to be compressed at
the moment of recoil by the strain on the tension rods.
The present Invention consists in a means of obviating this complication by
giving to the tension rods a slightly spiral or curved form, so that they may
possess in themselves a sufficient range of elastic elongation to save them from
fracture without the use of additional apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING OR ROLLING SHUTTERS OR BLINDS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES of
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Melbourne White at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd September 1880. A com-
munication from abroad by James Godfrey Wilson, of the City, County, and
State of New York, in the United States of America.
CHARLES MELBOURNE WHITE, Clerk to Messieurs Harris and Mills, Patent Agents,
of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REVOLVING OR ROLLING SHUTTERS OR BLINDS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
A communication from abroad by James Godfrey Wilson, of the City, County, and
State of New York, in the United States of America.
The Invention has for its object improvements in revolving or rolling shutters
or blinds and other similar articles.
For this purpose the slats or laths are formed of diamond shaped section, and
are bored to receive wires, upon which they are threaded.
Countersinks are formed in the upper and lower sides of the laths or slats and
around the wires, distance pieces of india rubber or other suitable material being
threaded upon the wires between the laths or slats.
In making a revolving shutter or blind or other similar article, a lath or slat
bored as above described is threaded upon the wires, and a distance piece is next
threaded upon each wire, and then another lath or slat is placed in position, and so
on, the distance pieces taking into the countersinks formed around the wires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR POLYCHROMATIC PRINTING, AND IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING POLYCHROMATIC PRINTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office of
the Commissioners of l'atents on the 2nd December 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Albert Henry Payne, of Leipsic, Saxony.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES FOR POLYCHROMATIC PRINTING, AND IN
THE METHOD OF PRODUCING POLYCHROMATIC PRINTS." A communication from
abroad by Albert Henry Payne, of Leipsic, Saxony.
This Invention is for improvements in machinery for polychromatic printing of
the class described in the Specification to a former Patent, No. 468, of 1879,
granted to me for an Invention communicated to me by the said Albert Henry
Payne, in which are employed an impression or sheet cylinder and a plate or colour
cylinder of unequal diameters revolving against each other, both having the same
velocity at their peripheries. According to the present Invention the perimeter of
the impression cylinder is proportional to that of the plate cylinder, as the
number 2 is to an uneven integral number corresponding with the maximum
number of colors required to be employed at one time if such maximum number
is uneven, and exceeding it by one if it is even, and either the length or the
breadth of the area to be printed upon must not exceed the semi-perimeter of the
in pression cylinder. This arrangement permits each color section of the plate
cylinder to pass twice against its corresponding inking roller for every impression
which it yields, and in consequence of the increase in the size of the plate cylinder
gives greater accommodation for the color distributing apparatus.
The accompanying Drawing shews in outline by way of illustration a machine
according to the Invention for printing in three colors.
m
In such a machine, assuming the largest size of sheet to be printed is 900 /
by 648 (900 being the length of the form or of the cylinder, and 648 being the
height of the form or half the circumference of the printing cylinder), then the
impression cylinder A must have a circumference of 1296, while the plate
Dmine A1

page_text: cylinder B must have a circumference of 1944, and the printing of a sheet
covering half the circumference of the printing cylinder only will be as follows:-
I. Part or half of the printing cylinder will print in
black.
blank.
In a machine for printing 5 colors on one sheet, the proportions of the circum- 1
ferences must be 1296 to 3240 (25); in a machine for 7 colors, 1296 to 4536
(27), and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES AND THE STOPPLING THEREOF INTERNALLY FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS CHARGED WITH GAS OR AIR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Deane and James Winfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1880.
JAMES DEANE and JAMES WINFIELD, both of Number 20, Dunston Street,
Kingsland Road, in the County of Middlesex, Cork Manufacturers, Trading as
"Deane & Winfield." "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BOTTLES AND THE STOPPLING THEREOF INTERNALLY FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS
CHARGED WITH GAS OR AIR."
This Invention relates to improvements in or applicable to the construction of
bottles for containing liquids charged with gas or air, in the stoppling thereof
internally, and in the mode of retaining both stopple and the packing or seating in
the neck of the bottle, so as to form an airtight joint when the stopple is forced
up by the pressure of the gas or air within the bottle with which the liquid is
charged.
The mouth of the bottle should be made of a lesser diameter than the neck
internally, so as to form a flange or shoulder internally at an angle with the neck
of the bottle.
In fitting up the stopple is placed in the bottle; we then force a ring of cork,
compressed or otherwise, or other suitable material into its place below the flange.
The edge of the cork ring stands out beyond the flange so as to narrow the
diameter of the neck of the bottle, and sufficiently far so that the stopple cannot
be forced out of the bottle, but when the stopple is forced up within the cork ring
by the gas or air within it will make an air tight joint, and thus neither cork ring
nor stopple can be expelled.
The stopple used with this bottle is made preferably of wood, but it may be
made of any suitable material, and is of a conical shape, with a cork plug in the
base to make that end the lighter. If the stopple be made of any other material
of less specific gravity than the liquid, it may be loaded in the usual way and the
base plugged with a cork.
AN IMPROVED WRITING INSTRUMENT
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Nadal at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1880.
JEAN NADAL, of Southampton Row, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED WRITING INSTRUMENT."
This Invention relates to an improved writing instrument or pen of the class or
kind termed reservoir or fountain pens.
This said instrument or pen has a tubular holder, which forms the reservoir for
the ink and is preferably formed of material which will not be affected by the
corrosive action of the same. The said instrument has a conical end or point
through which I form a very small hole or orifice for the passage of a small rod,
which is arranged to project slightly beyond the said point. This rod extends from
the point through the holder, and at the other end of the same has a knob, or is
otherwise provided with means for its covenient manipulation to move it to and
fro, and thereby clear its point of any obstruction.
The upper end of the tubular holder is closed by a screw-stopper, and an inner
central tube passes through this stopper and extends to within a short distance of
the point of the pen to conduct air to the lower part of the reservoir; it also projects
outwardly beyond the said stopper and is provided with an india-rubber extension
or slcevo which is secured to the said tube and to the small rod. This india-rubber
tube serves as a spring to force the rod forward. Instead of an india-rubber tube
I may use an elastic metal disc or diaphragm or any similar device which will serve
the required purpose. A hole is formed through the said stopper to admit air to
the said inner tube.
This arrangement forms the most novel and important feature of my Invention,
as it affords the means of manipulating the said rod as described, while preventing
the escape of the ink without the use of a stuffing box, and access of the ink
to the upper part of the said rod. Moreover, it enables me to accomplish these
results without the use of a valve or similar device for closing the aperture through
which the rod extends.
A cap is screwed upon the said stopper to protect the said india-rubber tube,
and when screwed down upon the said stopper this cap closes the air hole
therein; when this air hole is closed the ink will not flow from the point of the
pen; but if the said cap is slightly unscrewed it will uncover the air-hole and the
ink will then flow freely in proportion to the rapidity with which the pen is used
in writing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis John Bolton, of No. 19, Grosvenor Gardens, in
the County of Middlesex, Lieutenant Colonel, and James Alfred Wanklyn, of
No. 7, Westminster Chambers, in the same County, Professor of Chemistry,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis John Bolton and
James Alfred Wanklyn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
10th December 1880.
"
FRANCIS JOHN BOLTON, of No. 19, Grosvenor Gardens, in the County of
Middlesex, Lieutenant Colonel, and JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN, of No. 7,
Westminster Chambers, in the same County, Professor of Chemistry. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURES AND AMMONIACAL
PRODUCTS."
Our improvements relate to the manufacture of artificial manures and ammo-
niacal products by mixing urine or sewage with super phosphate of lime or other
convenient acid substance. We mix the super phosphate of lime with the urine, or
we mix the super phosphate of lime with sewage or with gas liquor or other ammo-
niacal liquor, and we evaporate and in that manner obtain the artificial manure or
ammoniacal product.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Francis John Bolton and James Alfred Wanklyn in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 8th June 1881.
FRANCIS JOHN BOLTON, of No. 19, Grosvenor Gardens, in the County of
Middlesex, Lieutenant Colonel, and JAMES ALFRED WANKLYN, of No. 7, West-
minster Chambers, in the same County, Professor of Chemistry. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MANURES AND AMMONIACAL PRODUCTS."
Our improvements relate to the manufacture of artificial manures and ammo-
niacal products by mixing urine, sewage, gas liquor, or other ammoniacal liquor
with superphosphate of lime.
For this purpose we treat commercial superphosphate of lime (which, as is well
known, is a mixture of sulphate of lime and superphosphate), so as to dissolve out
the soluble acid, phosphate of lime, or phosphoric acid. We decant or filter and
add the filtrate to the ammoniacal liquor, and we evaporate this mixture to dryness,
thereby obtaining a new product consisting of the double salt of phosphate of
ammonia and lime, which forms a very highly concentrated manure.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, we claim :-
The production of artificial manures and ammoniacal products, consisting of the
double salt of phosphate of ammonia and lime by dissolving the acid phosphate of
lime from commercial superphosphate, and after mixing this solution with urine or
other ammoniacal liquor, evaporating the mixture to dryness, substantially as
herein described.
In witness, we, the said Francis John Bolton and James Alfred Wanklyn,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC FENDERS, DOG-GRATES, FIRE- IRON RESTS, AND FIRE-IRONS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hoskins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1880.
FREDERICK HOSKINS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC FENDERS, DOG-GRATES, FIRE-
IRON RESTS, AND FIRE-IRONS.'
"
This Invention consists in constructing fenders, dog-grates, fire iron rests, and
fire-irons in several parts composed of iron or steel, or both, or either iron or steel
and brass, and connecting the parts with chilled castings in metal stocks, so that a
much lighter appearance, and at the same time a stronger construction, is obtained
than the ordinary sand cast work.