Improvements in and relating to Heating and Cooking Stoves and Ranges.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 17th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Heating and Cooking Stoves and
Ranges.
We, the Firm of SMITH AND WELLSTOOD, LIMITED, Stove and Range
Manufacturers and General Ironfounders of Bonnybridge, Stirlingshire, and
WILLIAM ROSS LANE, Secretary to said firm, do hereby declare the nature of our
invention to be as follows:-
=
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved mode and means
of constructing heating and cooking stoves and ranges, whereby the escaping
products of combustion will be consumed and the heat utilized for warming or
cooking purposes, and the emission of smoke prevented or reduced to a minimum.
The improvements essentially consist in constructing or forming the stoves or
ranges with a separate or additional secondary chamber or chambers into which
the unconsumed gaseous products of combustion will enter through a perforated
crown or partition from the primary fire, and be burnt and utilized for heating or
culinary purposes.
In applying these improvements to a slow combustion stove, this would be
formed preferably of iron of vertical cylindrical shape with a hinged or sliding ash-
pit door at the lower part, and with an internal lining of firebrick or like silicious
material. Near the upper part of this cylindrical stove a perforated crown or
cover would be fitted preferably portable or removable to form the top of the lower
fire chamber, and preferably formed of fireclay brick of cylindrical, square or other
section, with a series of holes or apertures perforated through it; or it might be.
as a hollow brick with close top and annularly perforated sides. A hinged or
sliding door may be fitted in front or side of stove immediately below the perforated
crown or roof to serve for feeding in coal or other fuel to the primary fire. A
chamber of any desired height or size would be formed above this perforated brick,
with an opening or a series of openings for the ingress of air said openings being
fitted with movable sliding or hinged shutters or valves, so that all or any may be
simultaneously or separately opened or closed as required. A removable central
top plate may be fitted to this chamber, and it also may have opening and closing
apparatus; while an exit flue would lead from this chamber to a chimney or other
escape to the atmosphere.
With this arrangement of stove the gaseous products of combustion ascending
from the lower primary fuel burning fire would pass through the perforated brick
cover into the upper secondary chamber where they would meet and mix with air
admitted through the apertures in the casing of this chamber and thorough ignition
and combustion take place. Any waste or smokeless gases would pass through the
flue leading to the chimney or atmosphere.
Or where increased heat radiation was desired a vessel may be mounted on the
top of the stove with a central partition extending the greater part of the length
or height, and the gases pass from the secondary chamber along the one half of
this vessel and back the other half and then escape to the exit flue; while a
movable damper plate would be fitted at the lower part of this vessel so as to
regulate and pass the gases for the longer or short circuit according as desired.
Dated the 16th November 1892.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to, Heating, and Cooking Stoves and
Ranges.
We, the Firm of SMITH AND WELLSTOOD LIMITED, Stove and Range
Manufacturers and General Ironfounders of Bonnybridge, Stirlingshire and
WILLIAM ROSS LANE, Secretary, to said firm, do hereby declare the nature of
our invention, and in what manner the same to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing that is
to say -
This invention has reference to and comprises a new or improved mode and
means of constructing heating and cooking stoves and ranges whereby the escaping
products of combustion will be consumed and the heat utilized for warming or
cooking purposes, and the emission of smoke prevented or reduced to a minimum.
The improvements essentially consist in constructing or forming the stoves or
ranges with a separate or additional secondary chamber or chambers into which
the unconsumed gaseous products of combustion will enter through a perforated
crown or partition from the primary fire, and be burnt and utilized for heating or
culinary purposes.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto
appended two explanatory sheets of drawings in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure 1 on Sheet. 1 is a front elevation and Figure 2 a sectional elevation at right
angles to Figure 1, illustrating a slow combustion heating stove as constructed and
arranged in accordance with our improvements. And Figures 3 and 4 are horizontal
sections as taken on the lines 1-1 and 2-2 respectively in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 5 on Sheet 2 is a sectional elevation and Figure 6 a corresponding section
as taken at right angles thereto on the line 5-5 Figure, illustrating our improve-
ments as applied to a rectangular form of heating or cooking stove.
Figures 7 to 12 on Sheet 1 illustrate side and top or sectional views of perforated
fire bricks suitable for the form of stove shown in Figures 1 to 4, while Figures 13
and 14 represent similar views of perforated fire bricks as preferable for the
construction of stove or range shown in Figures 5 and 6.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4 of these drawings
:-
In applying these improvements to a slow combustion stove, this would be formed
preferably of iron of vertical cylindrical shape A with a hinged or sliding ash pit
door A at the lower part, and with an internal lining of fire brick or like silicious
material B. Near the upper part of this cylindrical stove A a perforated crown or
cover would be fitted preferably portable or removable to form the top of the
lower fire chamber a and preferably formed of fire-clay brick of cylindrical, square,
or other section, with a series of holes or apertures perforated through it, or it
might be as a hollow brick with close top and annularly perforated sides as herein-
after described. A hinged or sliding door A' may be fitted in front or side of
stove A immediately below the perforated crown or roof b to serve for feeding in
coal or other fuel to the primary fire a. A chamber c of any desired height or
size would be formed above this perforated brick b, and would preferably be
formed of a conoidal or truncated shape resting over a saucer or dish shaped bottom
plate C¹ and the conical plate C of this chamber c would be formed with a series of
openings for the ingress of air which would be regulated by a corresponding
shaped outer plate C formed with a series of annular openings corresponding
to those c in the plate C, and this cylindrical plate or cover C* can be turned
by hand to cover or uncover the openings c in the inner cylindrical plate to
any desired extent, a stop projection being formed on the movable plate C² to
abut against a stop c" in the full open position of the apertures c' and abut against

page_text: a stop in the closed position of these apertures. Or alternatively these openings c¹
may be fitted with movable sliding or hinged shutters or valves, so that all or any
of thein may be simultaneously or separately opened or closed as required. As
shown in dotted lines in Figure 1 a removable central top plate e may be fitted to
or over this chamber c and it also may have opening or closing apparatus, and an
exit flue e may lead from this chamber c to a chimney or other escape to the
atmosphere.
With this arrangement of stove the gaseous products of combustion ascending
from the lower primary fuel burning fire a would pass through the perforated
brick cover into the upper secondary chamber c where they would meet and mix
with air admitted through the apertures c¹ in the casing of this chamber and
thorough ignition and combustion take place. Any waste or smokeless gases
would pass through the flue leading to the chimney or atmosphere. But where
increased heat radiation is desired a vessel D would be mounted on the top of the
stove to rest over the cylindrical plate C and be tied to it by stay D' and preferably
have removable covers D¹ D resting over the vessel D; a central partition D
would be formed or fitted in the chamber d of this vessel D and extend the greater
part of its length or height, and the gases would pass from the secondary chamber c
along the one half of the chamber d of this vessel D and back the greater part of
the other half and then escape to the exit flne E; while a hinged or movable
damper-plate d¹ would be fitted at the lower part of this vessel D controlled
from the outside by a handle d* so that when closed as shown, it would regulate
and pass the gases for the longer circuit as indicated by the arrows, but when open
as in the dotted-in position it would permit the gases to pass through it by the
short circuit to the exit flue E.
In the arrangement of heating or cooking stove shown in Figures 5 and 6, three
exit chambers d³ d' are shown as formed or fitted at one end, and a sliding plate
or damper is fitted over the central flue d', so that this damper can be operated
by a handle d to close or open the entrance to it and thus make the waste gases
take either a long or short circuit. The air is admitted in regulated volume to the
secondary combustion chamber c through orifices c¹ in the cover C and in a series
of sliding plates or valves C as indicated by the darts. The top of the cover C
may be formed with apertures and movable plates for placing pots and the like
over same for cooking purposes. With this arrangement the products of combustion
pass from the primary fire a through the orifices in the fire brick and through
the hollow or perforated stones of fireclay or ganister placed over same, into the
secondary combustion chamber c. The waste gaseous products pass from the
secondary chamber e down the flues, and through the openings at bottom
of same to the central flue and escape through the exit orifice to the chimney
or atmosphere all as indicated by the arrows in Figures 5 and 6, the damper d³
being closed over the central flue in this position. But should the latter be
open the waste products will take the shortest circuit and pass from the secondary
chamber e down the central flue d' and escape by the exit flued instead of as in
the previous arrangement going by the long circuit of the flues
d.
In applying these improvements to cooking ranges fitted with ovens, the products
of combustion would pass through a flue chamber or chambers surrounding the
ovens, so as to heat these before escaping to the chimney, and the perforated
firebrick b may be either placed horizontally or vertically to suit the arrangement
of the primary and secondary fire chambers a and c.
Referring to the constructions of firebricks which would be placed between the
primary fire chamber a and the secondary combustion chamber c, in all the arrange-
ments the gaseous products of combustion would pass from the primary chamber a
to the secondary chamber e through the holes or apertures b. In the arrangement
shown in Figure 7 no cold air is admitted until the products have passed into the
chamber c but in Figure 8, which corresponds to the arrangement shown in
Figure 2 air is admitted to each of the holes 6' through radial channels &³, four of
these channels being formed in connection with the central aperture b', and

page_text: corresponding apertures would be formed in the metal part to admit the air to the
annular groove or channel 6 from whence it would pass to these channels 62 as
shown in Figures 8 and 9. The arrangement shown in Figure 9 is substantially
the same as Figure 8 except that single channels 62 are shown leading to four
central uptake orifices b¹. In the arrangement shown in Figure 10 the air is made
to enter through four radial inlet leading passages 6 to a central chamber or
reservoir 6" and from this it passes through the outwardly leading passages 62 to
the uptake apertures b¹. The arrangement of firebrick b shown in Figure 11 is
substantially the same as that shown in Figure 10 except that one outwardly
leading passage leads the heated air from the central reservoir 6 by two
branches to each pair of uptake orifices b¹, and channels 61 lead cold air
to mix with the gaseons products in the uptake passages b', and these passages 6111
may be formed in any or all of the firebricks which have a central chamber 6.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 12 a plug or valve b' is fitted over the central
chamber so that when it is placed thereon the gaseous products of combustion
would enter the chamber through the orifices 6 and then pass through the
channels to the uptake orifices or ascend through the central aperture when
the plug b is removed. The arrangement of firebrick b shown in Figure 13 is
substantially the same as that shown in Figure 8 except that it has an outer
air admission channel 6 open all round and is formed of a square or rectangular
shape to suit the construction of stove or range shown in Figures 5 and 6. And
Figure 14 represents an analogous construction of firebrick b but with a channel 66
formed only on one edge, for being fitted into the stove as shown in Figure 5.
Instead of the air being admitted direct from the atmosphere to the channels b² in
the firebricks it may be passed up from a pipe or pipes as shown in dotted lines
at Figure 2 into an annular passage formed in the brick such as 6 Figures 8, 9,
and 13 or into the central chamber 6" direct and thus get heated by the primary
fire a before entering the channels 62, and this pipe may be fitted with an air
regulating valve. Or as shown in Figure 5 the air may enter orifices f¹ and get
heated in the chambery before passing to the firebrick b.
'2
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. In heating or cooking stoves and ranges, the fitting and use of a secondary
combustion chamber or chambers into which the products of combustion pass
through a perforated crown or partition from the primary fire, substantially as
herein described in reference to and by way of application shown in the accom-
panying drawings.
Second In heating or cooking stoves and ranges, the fitting and use intermediate
between the primary and secondary combustion chambers, of a perforated fire-brick
substantially as herein described in reference to and by way of application shown
in the accompanying drawings.
Third. In heating or cooking stoves and ranges, the combination of a primary
fire chamber, a secondary combustion chamber, and a third or additional chamber
or chambers, so that the gaseous products may pass from the secondary chamber
through this additional or radiating chamber, or be short circuited direct to exit
flue, substantially as herein described in reference to and by way of application
shown in the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. The construction or general arrangement and combination of the parts
and air admission devices of heating or cooking stoves and ranges, substantially as
here. described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.