IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPA- RATUS FOR MOTTLING OR OTHERWISE MARKING VEGETABLE IVORY BUTTONS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emil Hesse, of the Firm of M. and E. Hesse,
of Basinghall Street, in the City of London, and of Manchester,
Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPA-
RATUS FOR MOTTLING OR OTHERWISE MARKING VEGETABLE IVORY BUTTONS,
Sealed the 19th May 1876, and dated the 4th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emil Hesse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1875.
I, EMIL HESSE, of the Firm of M. and E. Hesse, of Basinghall
Street, in the City of London, and of Manchester, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND APPARATUS FOR MOTTLING OR OTHERWISE MARKING VEGETABLE IVORY BUTTONS,
AND IN POLISHING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
For mottling vegetable ivory buttons I insert in the pot containing
the mottling liquid a vertical pipe or tube extending to very nearly the
bottom of such pot, and which may be a fixture therein or not, and
from which an arm or support holds a conical pipe or tube placed

page_text: horizontally to it, and forming a right angle. The nozzles of these
pipes or tubes are brought close together, so that by blowing or forcing
air into the conical horizontal tube or pipe a jet, spray, or stream
of mottling liquid will be caused to rise in the vertical pipe, and
it is then directed on to the buttons to be mottled or otherwise
marked.
Stripes, checks, or various other patterns, marks, or devices may be
produced on the buttons by placing over them a net of silk, twine, or
wire of the desired pattern, and then blowing or forcing the mottling
liquid over them; or instead of using the net the patterns or marks may
be cut out in sheets of tin and placed over the buttons, and the blowing
operation performed.
For polishing vegetable ivory buttons after they have been turned or
carved, I use a compound or polishing agent composed of the shavings
of ivory nuts, prepared chalk, terra Tripula (Tripoli), and terra Vienna,
which I place in a cask or vessel with the buttons, and I then impart
motion to such cask or vessel to shake or turn it till the desired amount
of polish or finish has been given to the buttons contained therein,
instead of having recourse to the polishing lathe to polish the buttons
singly.
I sometimes form this compound into a liquid by adding water.
The liquid is then applied on a brush (which is driven by steam
or other power) to the buttons, and I then use a dry brush for
polishing.
The liquid or the dry compound may also be used on the polishing
wheel
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Emil Hesse in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th May 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EMIL 8
HESSE, of the Firm of M. and E. Hesse, of Basinghall Street, in the
City of London, and of Manchester, Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five,
in the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Emil Hesse,
Her special license that I, the said Emil Hesse, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Emil
Hesse, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR MOTTLING OR
OTHERWISE MARKING VEGETABLE IVORY BUTTONS, AND IN POLISHING THE SAME,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Emil Hesse,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Emil Hesse, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
For mottling vegetable ivory buttons I insert in the pot containing
the mottling liquid a vertical pipe or tube extending to very nearly the
bottom of such pot, and which may be a fixture therein or not, and
from which an arm or support holds a conical pipe or tube placed
horizontally to it and forming a right angle. The nozzles of these
pipes or tubes are brought close together, so that by blowing or forcing
air into the conical horizontal tube or pipe, whether by bellows or
blowing apparatus, or otherwise, a jet, spray, or stream of the mottling
liquid will be caused to rise in the vertical pipe, and it is then directed
on to the buttons to be mottled or otherwise marked.
Stripes, checks, or various other patterns, marks, or devices may be
produced on the buttons by placing over them a net of silk, twine, or
wire of the desired pattern, and then blowing or forcing the mottling
liquid over them; or instead of using the net the patterns or marks may

page_text: be cut out in sheets of tin and placed over the buttons, and the blowing
operation performed.
For polishing vegetable ivory buttons after they have been turned or
carved I use a compound or polishing agent composed of the shavings
of ivory nuts, prepared chalk, terra Tripula (Tripoli), terra Vienna, and a
pumicestone, which I place in a cylinder or vessel with the buttons, and
then impart motion to such vessel to turn it, so that the buttons con-
tained therein rub against each other till the desired amount of polish
or finish has been given to them, instead of having recourse to the
polishing lathe to polish the buttons singly.
I sometimes form this compound, or any of the agents separately
into a liquid by adding water or spirit of wine for use on the polishing
lathe.
I now proceed with reference to the accompanying Drawings to
describe the manner of carrying the Invention into practical effect.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation; and Figure 2, a plan of the pot
containing the mottling liquid.
A is the pot to which is secured a vertical pipe or tube B, and which
extends very nearly to the bottom thereof; C is a horizontal conical
pipe or tube, the nozzle of which is in close proximity to the nozzle of
the vertical pipe B; it is held in place by an arm or support a fixed to
the pot.
Air is blown or forced through the horizontal conical pipe or tube C
either by a bellows or other blowing apparatus, or even by the mouth,
and the air passing out and across the nozzle of the vertical pipe B
produces a vacuum therein, and the atmosphere pressing on the mottling
liquid causes it to rise in the vertical pipe and it is discharged from the
nozzle in the form of spray; this spray is then directed on to the buttons
to be mottled or otherwise marked. The vertical and horizontal pipes
or tubes, instead of being fixed to the pot may be joined together and
detachable from the pot.
For producing stripes, checks, or any other patterns on the buttons I
employ a frame D seen in the Drawings in plan at Figure 3, and side
view Figure 4. Around this frame are arranged any desired number of
pins or hooks d, and to these pins or hooks I secure a net of silk, twine,
or wire e, or I stretch or cross threads of silk, twine, or wire from any

page_text: pin to any other pin, thereby producing various patterns; the frame
with the pattern is then placed over the buttons and the mottling liquid
in the form of spray is blown over them, thus leaving the required
design on the buttons. Or instead of using the frame with the net
the designs or devices may be cut or stamped out on sheets of tin or
other metal or wood, and I place such sheet over the buttons, and the
blowing and mottling operation is then performed in the manner as
above described with reference to the frame.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts in all the Figures.
Figures 5 and 6 are sectional elevations showing different arrange-
ments or modifications of pots and tubes. In Figure 4 a depression or
hollow b is contrived at the bottom of the pot to permit all the mottling
liquid to be used. The vertical pipe B instead of being straight, as in
Figure 1, is bent or curved, and its lower end is carried to the depression
or hollow. The conical pipe or tube C instead of being horizontal to
the pipe B is here placed vertically or perpendicularly to it.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation showing a further modification of pot
and vertical pipe or tube B. In this Figure the bottom of the pot is
concave on the inside.
For polishing vegetable ivory buttons after the turning or carving
operation is effected I use a compound or polishing agent composed of
the following ingredients or agents:-Shavings of ivory nuts, prepared
chalk, terra Tripula (Tripoli), terra Vienna, and pumicestone.
I have found the following proportions useful in some cases, but I
wish it to be understood that I do confine myself to these exact pro-
portions as they may be varied according to circumstances.
For polishing 50 gross of buttons I use-4 pints ivory nut shavings,
½ pint prepared chalk, ½, pint terra Tripula (Tripoli), ½ pint terra
Vienna, and pint pumicestone.
Any of the last four ingredients may be used separately but always in
combination with the ivory nut shavings.
The buttons to be polished are placed in a cylinder or other suitable
vessel together with the polishing compounds, and power being imparted
to such vessel the buttons therein rub against each other till the desired
5 amount of polish or finish has been given to them, thus avoiding the

page_text: trouble and labour of having recourse to the polishing lathe to polish
the buttons singly as heretofore.
The compounds or ingredients forming the polishing agent may be
made into a liquid by the addition of water or spirit of wine, and it can
then be used on the polishing lathe; or any of the agents may be used
separately with spirit of wine or water. The dry compound may also be
used on the polishing lathe.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The means or method by which the mottling or otherwise
marking of vegetable ivory buttons is effected, as described.
Second. The apparatus, as described and illustrated in the annexed
Drawings, for mottling or otherwise marking vegetable ivory buttons,
whether the parts of the apparatus be used separately or in combination.
Third. The combination of ingredients forming the compounds or
agents for polishing vegetable ivory buttons after they have been turned
or carved, whether such compounds be used in a dry or in a liquid state,
as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Emil Hesse, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
ERNEST DE PASS,
Patent Agent,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
EMIL HESSE. (L.S.)