IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND PROJECTILES AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1884

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 20th day of June 1888, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in
the county of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND PROJECTILES
AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME" to be as follows:-
According to this invention, projectiles are constructed of a core of heavy metal
combined with a casing of a hard metal in such manner that the two parts form
one solid mass.
The casing, which may be formed either of a single piece or of two or more parts,
is constructed of steel, copper, brass or any other metal or alloy of considerable
hardness and sufficient toughness, and it may be formed by drawing, or stamping,
or casting, or by combinations of these processes.
After cleansing in the usual way, the casings are tinned or galvanised, or
otherwise prepared in such manner that the metal afterwards introduced for
forming the core will unite intimately therewith.
For forming such core or filling of the casing a metal of high specific gravity is
taken, such as lead and alloys thereof. This core may either be introduced in a solid
form of a configuration corresponding to that of the casing, and be then subjected
to sufficient heat to melt it, or the filling may be introduced in a molten condition,
so as to effect the desired metallic union with the tin or other coating of the casing.
If desired, the filling may afterwards be subjected to pressure in order to render it
more dense, by preference after it has partially cooled.
For guiding the projectile in the grooves of the rifle, the casing may be thickened
or enlarged at one or more points, or it may have separate rings of the same or
different metal fixed thereon, or a cap may be fitted on the rear end; or an
external coating of tin or zinc may be thickened at the required points.
The separate rings or caps for this purpose are also coated either entirely or only
partially with tin or zinc in order to cause them to unite with the casing, such
fixing of these parts being effected either before, or at the same time as, or after
the introduction of the filling.

page_text: For securely fixing the said rings or caps, one or more grooves may be formed in
the casing into which the metal of the cap or ring is forced by spinning. The rear
end of the casing may be formed with an inwardly projecting flange partly
covering the core, and this may also be entirely covered by the introduction of a
separate metal disc.
The casing may have its front portion hardened by any known means, while the
rear portion that has to take the grooves of the rifling is left soft.
The core may be made to unite with the casing only at the hardened portion.
and be left separate therefrom at the soft portion, or the cores may be left entirely
separate from such partially hardened casings.
Dated this 30th day of June 1884.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.

page_text: 1 12
1, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in
the county of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND PROJECTILES AND
IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME" and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
According to this invention, projectiles are constricted of a core of heavy metal
combined with a casing of a hard metal in such a manner that the two parts form
one solid mass.
The casing, which may be formed either of a single piece or of two or more
parts, is constructed of steel, copper, brass or any other metal or alloy of con-
siderable hardness and sufficient toughness, and it may be formed by drawing or
stamping or casting or by combinations of these processes.
After cleansing in the usual way, the casings are tinned or galvanised or
otherwise prepared in such manner that the metal afterwards introduced for
forming the core will unite intimately therewith.
For forming such core or filling of the casing a metal of high specific gravity is
taken, such as lead, and alloys thereof. This core may either be introduced in a
solid form of a configuration corresponding to that of the casing, and be then
subjected to sufficient heat to melt it, or the filling may be introduced in a molten
condition, so as to effect the desired metallic union with the tin or other coating of
the casing. If desired, the filling may afterwards be subjected to pressure in order
to render it more dense, by preference after it has partially cooled.
or
For guiding the projectile in the grooves of the rifle, the casing may be thickened
or enlarged at one or more points or it may have separate rings of the same
different metal fixed thereon, or a cap may be fitted on the rear end; or an
external coating of tin or zinc may be thickened at the required points.
The separate rings or caps for this purpose are also coated either entirely or only
partially with tin or zinc in order to cause them to unite with the casing,- such
fixing of these parts being effected either before, or at the same time as, or after the
introduction of the filling."
For securely fixing the said rings or caps, one or more grooves may be formed in
the casing into which the melal of the cap or ring is forced by spinning. The
rear end of the casing may be formed with an inwardly projecting flange partly
covering the core, and this may also be entirely covered by the introduction of a
separate metal disc. The casing may have its front portions hardened by any
known means, while the rear portion that has to take the grooves of the rifling
is left soft.
The core may be made to unite with the casing only at the hardened portion,
and be left separate therefrom at the soft portion, or the cover may be left entirely
separate from such partially hardened casings.
The accompanying drawing shews various forms of projectiles constructed
according to the before described invention.

page_text: Fig. 1 shews the casing or shell M of the projectile in its simplest form; on the
right hand side it is shewn with its rear end made very thin, so that it will readily
enter the grooves of the rifling without deteriorating these. Figs. 2 and 3 shew
the casing with its filling of lead or other metal and closed at the rear end by a
cap K, which takes the grooves of the rifling, and which can be secured either by
being soldered or melted on to the casing, or by being pressed into an annular
groove thereon, or by both means combined. The lower end of the casing and
filling may also be reduced somewhat in diameter by spinning or stamping, for the
reception of the cap, as shewn at the right hand side of Fig. 3. In the arrange-
ment shewn at Fig. 5 the rear end of the casing is bulged out at K¹, for the
reception of the cap L between it and the filling, so that the casing takes the
groove of the rifling. The cap may be partly or wholly secured by melting. At
Fig. 4 the rear end of the casing is made of increased thickness to take the
rifling, the rear end being turned over on to the filling, either leaving this partially
exposed, as shewn on the left hand side, or the end surface being entirely closed in
by a separate disc S as shewn on the right hand side. In the arrangement at
Fig. 6 one or more circular bands of metal for taking the grooves are fixed on the
shell Fig. 7 shews the same construction, with the previously formed filling being
introduced. Fig. 10 shews a projecting band formed on the casing itself, and
Fig. 11 shows the rear end enlarged to take the rifling. Figs. 8 and 9 shew the
shell with circular grooves ?r, formed by spinning or pressing, the rear end being
either open as at Fig. 8 or closed by a disc G as at Fig. 9.
a
The shell may be so treated, either by drawing or pressing, that the front part
(Figs. 4 and 11) is rendered either entirely hard, or only hard at the front end, or
the front end may be subsequently hardened by any suitable means, while the
parts that are intended to fake the rifling are left soft or rendered soft. The
securing of the filling to the shell by inclting may either be effected throughout
the length, or only in part, as for instance along the hardened portion. Or
Frojectiles with-hardened front-ends, that will not bulge, can be used without any
union of the filling by melting.
This improved construction of projectiles is applicable to projectiles of all sizes,
the materials and proportions being varied to suit the circumstances of each case.
These compound projectiles with hard outer shell or point, such as of steel, copper,
brass, &c and inner core of heavy metal secured thereto by melting, and with soft
metal bands for taking the rifling, are of a very resisting nature, and have great
penetration, as the hard shell in striking against a hard object cannot readily
break up or flatten on account of its connection with the core, and in like manner
the soft core is supported against bulging or flattening by the hard shell. These
properties afford this construction of projectiles great advantages over compound
projectiles such as have been before proposed, which have no connection between
the shell and the core or filling and which consequently bulge or Hatten con-
siderably in striking an object, and which also in splitting up into separate parts
or splinters needlesly lacerate flesh wounds and are difficult to extract on account
of the deformation which they undergo. Furthermore, as with the improved
construction the uniform rotation of the whole mass is insured, a greater accuracy
of aim is attained than in cases where there is no connection between the paris.
Lastly the tinning, galvanizing or other preparation of the shell, when made of
steel, prevents rusting, and in keeping the surfaces clean, prevents blood poisoning,
which may readily occur with unprepared shells of steel, copper, brass &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the saine is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1, The An improved manufacture of compound projectiles, wherein the an outer shell
is united to the filling or core by melting, co us to form a solid mass for the
purpose of preventing or lessening the splitting up or splintering thereof when
striking an object, and thus affording greater penetration with closed front end is

page_text: first formed by pressing and drawing, which shell is then filled with a metal core united
thereto by melting.
2. In compound projectiles constructed as set forth in the preceding claim, the
application of bands or capsules which are united, to form a solid mass, either
with the shell-or with the core, substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 2 to 11.
3, The improved manufacture of compound projectiles consisting of a heavy core
and a shell which is hardened at a greater or less portion of its front part, while
that part which serves to take the rifling is made thin and soft, the core being
partly or wholly united to the shell by melting.
4, 2. The method of producing compound projectiles by introducing a suitably
formed core into the casing and then heating both until the core is melted and is
thus united to the shell.
3. The method of producing compound projectiles by first heating the shell to a
high degree and then introducing the previously formed core, which, in melting,
unites with the shell.
6, 4. The method of producing compound projectiles by running the metal for
forming the core in a molten state into the shell, so as to become united therewith.
Dated this 24th day of March 1000.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
'
London, W.C.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.

page_text: I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in
the county of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND PROJECTILES
AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME" to be as follows:-
According to this invention, projectiles are constructed of a core of heavy metal
combined with a casing of a hard metal in such manner that the two parts form
one solid mass.
The casing, which may be formed either of a single piece or of two or more parts,
is constructed of steel, copper, brass or any other metal or alloy of considerable
hardness and sufficient toughness, and it may be formed by drawing, or stamping;
or casting, or by combinations of these processes.
After cleansing in the usual way, the casings are tinned or galvanised, or
otherwise prepared in such manner that the metal afterwards introduced for
forming the core will unite intimately therewith.
For forming such core or filling of the casing a metal of high specific gravity is
taken, such as lead and alloys thereof. This core may either be introduced in a solid
form of a configuration corresponding to that of the casing, and be then subjected
to sufficient heat to melt it, or the filling may be introduced in a molten condition,
so as to effect the desired metallic union with the tin or other coating of the casing.
If desired, the filling may afterwards be subjected to pressure in order to render it
more dense, by preference after it has partially cooled.
For guiding the projectile in the grooves of the rifle, the casing may be thickened
or enlarged at one or more points, or it may have separate rings of the same or
different metal fixed thereon, or a cap may be fitted on the rear end; or an
external coating of tin or zinc inay be thickened at the required points.
The separate rings or caps for this purpose are also coated either entirely or only
partially with tin or zinc in order to cause them to unite with the casing, such
fixing of these parts being effected either before, or at the same time as, or after
the introduction of the filling.

page_text: For securely fixing the said rings or caps, one or more grooves may be formed in
the casing into which the metal of the cap or ring is forced by spinning. The rear
end of the casing may be formed with an inwardly projecting flange partly
covering the core, and this may also be entirely covered by the introduction of a
separate metal disc.
The casing may have its front portion hardened by any known means, while the
rear portion that has to take the grooves of the rifling is left soft.
The core may be made to unite with the casing only at the hardened portion,
and be left separate therefrom at the soft portion, or the cores may be left entirely
separate from such partially hardened casings.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.

page_text: I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in
the county of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND PROJECTILES AND
IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
According to this invention, projectiles are constructed of a core of heavy metal
combined with a casing of a hard metal in such a manner that the two parts form
one solid mass.
The casing, which may be formed either of a single piece or of two or more
parts, is constructed of steel, copper, brass or any other metal or alloy of con-
siderable hardness and sufficient toughness, and it may be formed by drawing or
stamping or casting or by combinations of these processes.
After cleansing in the usual way, the casings are tinned or galvanised or
otherwise prepared in such manner that the metal afterwards introduced for
forming the core will unite intimately therewith.
For forming such core or filling of the casing a metal of high specific gravity is
taken, such as lead, and alloys thereof. This core may either be introduced in a
solid form of a configuration corresponding to that of the casing, and be then
subjected to sufficient heat to melt it, or the filling may be introduced in a molten
condition, so as to effect the desired metallic union with the tin or other coating of
the casing. If desired, the filling may afterwards be subjected to pressure in order
to render it more dense, by preference after it has partially cooled."
For guiding the projectile in the grooves of the rifle, the casing may be thickened
or enlarged at one or more points or it may have separate rings of the same or
different metal fixed thereon, or a cap may be fitted on their rear end; or an
external coating of tin or zinc may be thickened at the required points.
The separate rings or caps for this purpose are also coated either entirely or only
partially with tin or zinc in order to cause them to unite with the casing, such.
fixing of these parts being effected either before, or at the same time as, or after the
introduction of the filling.
For securely fixing the said rings or caps, one or more grooves may be formed in
the casing into which the metal of the cap or ring is forced by spinning. The
rear end of the casing may be formed with an inwardly projecting flange partly
covering the core, and this may also be entirely covered by the introduction of a
separate metal disc. The casing may have its front portions hardened by any
known means, while the rear portion that has to take the grooves of the rifling
is left soft.
The core may be made to unite with the casing only at the hardened portion,
and be left separate therefrom at the soft portion, or the cover may be left entirely
separate from such partially hardened casings.
The accompanying drawing shews various forms of projectiles constructed
according to the before described invention.

page_text: Fig. 1 shews the casing or shell M of the projectile in its simplest form; on the
right hand side it is shewn with its rear end made very thin, so that it will readily
enter the grooves of the rifling without deteriorating these. Figs. 2 and 3 shew
the casing with its filling of lead or other metal and closed at the rear end by a
cap K, which takes the grooves of the rifling, and which can be secured either by
being soldered or melted on to the casing, or by being pressed into an annular
groove thereon, or by both means combined. The lower end of the casing and
filling may also be reduced somewhat in diameter by spinning or stamping, for 'the
reception of the cap, as shewn at the right hand side of Fig. 3. In the arrange-
ment shewn at Fig. 5 the rear end of the casing is bulged out at K', for the
reception of the cap L between it and the filling, so that the casing takes the
grooves of the rifling. The cap may be partly or wholly secured by melting. At
Fig. 4 the rear end of the casing is made of increased thickness to take the
rifling, the rear end being turned over on to the filling, either leaving this partially
exposed, as shewn on the left hand side, or, the end surface being entirely closed in
by a separate disc S as shewn on the right hand side. In the arrangement at
Fig. 6 one or more circular bands of metal for taking the grooves are fixed on the
shell; Fig. 7 shews the same construction, with the previously formed filling being
introduced. Fig. 10 shews a projecting band formed on the casing itself, and
Fig. 11 shews the rear end enlarged to take the rifling. Figs. 8 and 9 shew the
shell with circular grooves rr, formed by spinning or pressing, the rear end being
either open as at Fig. 8 or closed by a disc G as at Fig. 9.
The shell may be so treated, either by drawing or pressing, that the front part a
(Figs. 4 and 11) is rendered either entirely hard, or only hard at the front end, or
the front end may be subsequently hardened by any suitable means, while the
parts that are intended to take the rifling are left soft or rendered soft. The
securing of the filling to the shell by melting may either be effected throughout
the length, or only in part, as for instance along the hardened portion. Or
projectiles with hardened front ends, that will not bulge, can be used without any
union of the filling by melting,
This improved construction of projectiles is applicable to projectiles of all sizes,
the materials and proportions being varied to suit the circumstances of each case.
These compound projectiles with hard outer shell or point, such as of steel, copper,
brass, &c and inner core of heavy metal secured thereto by melting, and with soft
metal bands for taking the rifling, are of a very resisting nature, and have great
penetration, as the hard shell in striking against a hard object cannot readily
break up or flatten on account of its connection with the core, and in like manner
the soft core is supported against bulging or flattening by the hard shell. These
properties afford this construction of projectiles great advantages over compound
projectiles such as have been before proposed, which have no connection between
the shell and the core or filling and which consequently bulge or flatten con-
siderably in striking an object, and which also in splitting up into separate parts
or splinters needlesly lacerate flesh wounds and are difficult to extract on account
of the deformation which they undergo. Furthermore, as with the improved
construction the uniform rotation of the whole mass is insured, a greater accuracy
of aim is attained than in cases where there is no connection between the parts.
Lastly the tinning, galvanizing or other preparation of the shell, when made of
steel, prevents rusting, and in keeping the surfaces clean, prevents blood poisoning,
which may readily occur with unprepared shells of steel, copper, brass &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1, The improved manufacture of compound projectiles, wherein the outer shell
is united to the filling or core by melting, so as to form a solid mass for the
purpose of preventing or lessening the splitting up or splintering thereof when
striking an object, and thus affording greater penetration.

page_text: 2, In compound projectiles constructed as set forth in the preceding claim, the
application of bands or capsules which are united, to form a solid mass, either
with the shell or with the core, substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 2 to 11.
3, The improved manufacture of compound projectiles consisting of a heavy core
and a shell which is hardened at a greater or less portion of its front part, while
that part which serves to take the rifling is made thin and soft, the core being
partly or wholly united to the shell by melting.
4, The method of producing compound projectiles by introducing a suitably
formed core into the casing and then heating both until the core is melted and is
thus united to the shell.
5, The method of producing compound projectiles by first heating the shell to a
high degree and then introducing the previously formed core, which, in melting,
unites with the shell.
6, The method of producing compound projectiles by running the metal for
forming the core in a molten state into the shell, so as to become united therewith.
Dated this ten uuy or MATCH
ABEL & IMRAY,
· Agents for the Applicant,
28, Southampton Buildings,
London, W.C.