A NEW METHOD OP MANUFACTURING AND APPLYING ARTIFICIAL PEARLS OR BEADS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, of the Firm of
Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "A NEW METHOD OP
MANUFACTURING AND APPLYING ARTIFICIAL PEARLS OR BEADS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Emmanuel Meyer, of Paris, France.
.
Sealed the 23rd July 1867, and dated the 6th February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clinton Edgcumbe
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th February 1867.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING AND APPLYING. ARTIFICIAL PEARLS OR BEADS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is based upon the property possessed by certain viscous
liquids, such as solutions of gelatine, of albumen, and of gums, dissolved or
melted resins, and others of quickly solidifying by cooling or evaporation. I
allow any one of these liquids to flow drop by drop by a narrow orifice or the
length of a perpendicular tapered rod; the drops in succession reach the end
of the rod or orifice, then I allow the drops thus formed to fall upon a fabric,
paper, or other surface; they solidify, and by the contraction in solidifying they

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLINTON
EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the. Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AND APPLYING ARTIFICIAL
PEARLS OR BEADS," (communicated to me from abroad by Emmanuel Meyer,
of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors or adminstrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
'
This Invention is based upon the property possessed by certain viscous
liquids of solidifying by cooling or evaporation. By allowing a drop of one
of these liquids to 'fall upon a fabric or other surface, or by projecting or
applying-it thereon, the drop will become solidified on the surface on which it

page_text: has been deposited; it will remain adherent thereto preserving its spherical or
rounded form, and will thus form an artificial pearl or bead.
A great number of apparatuses might be employed for carrying out this
Invention, but I will limit myself herein to a few examples, being those which
are considered to answer well. I may, however, here remark that any appa-
ratus may be enployed which will supply the liquid in drops for the purpose of
making or applying these artificial pearls or beads.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings show one form of appa-
ratus. A, A, is the piece of fabric, say crape,.upon which it is desired to
apply the pearls or beads. This fabric is wound on a beam B, it is unwound
intermittently and moves in the direction from A to A¹, Figure 2. C is a
beam furnished with pins for drawing the crape along; F, F, F, F, are a
series of needles or wires having an up-and-down movement imparted by
means of lever arms G, G, G; each lever is independent, and they act
successively so as to avoid the too great tension which would be exerted on
the fabric if all of them passed through it simultaneously; D is a trough
containing the viscous liquid; E, E, is a steam pipe or coil for heating tho
liquid if necessary; H, is an appliance for feeding the bath with liquid
to keep it at a constant level. In the downward movement each of the
needles F passes through the fabric, then dips an instant in the trough and
becomes charged with a small quantity of the liquid, the quantity varying
with the size of the needle; then in the upward movement the liquid runs
down the needle and will form a drop at the end, and when the needle again
passes through the fabric the fabric will retain the drop, which becoming
solidified upon it will remain adherent to its lower surface.
Figures 3 and 4 represent another form of apparatus. D is a reservoir
which contains the liquid which flows through orifices F, formed by fine tubes;
G is a pump to produce a pressure in the reservoir D; this pressure, will cause
the liquid to flow in drops through the orifices F, and the drops falling upon
the upper surface of the fabric A will become solidified and adherent thereto.
His a reservoir which contains the same description of liquid; at each stroke
of the piston. of the pump G a quantity of liquid equal to that which flows
through the orifices F enters by the tube K, so that the pressure in the
reservoir D will remain constant; E, E, is a steam pipe to heat the liquid in
the reservoirs D and H; B.is a beam on which the fabric is wound. . The
size of the pearl or bead is determined by the degree of viscosity of the liquid
and by the diameter of the orifices F....Instead of the pump and piston a.
simple column of liquid may be employed to give the necessary pressure.
Figure 5 shows on a larger scale one of the orifices F.

page_text: Sometimes I use instruments which are beld in the hand so as to deposit
the pearls or beads by following at will any design which may be traced on the
fabric; these hand instruments may consist of a tube with a piston or a simple
reservoir, or an india-rubber ball (such as that shown in Figure 6), which the
operator holds in his hand; this reservoir is provided at its lower part with
one or several tubes F; it is only necessary to give a slight pressure with the
hand to produce the fall of the drop. The liquid may be projected on the
fabric in the form of a shower by means of the following apparatus:-A
cylindrical brush of hair or of strips of whalebone of the same width as the
fabric is placed horizontally and dips a little in a trough or basin placed below
and containing the liquid. The brush has a rapid rotary movement imparted
to it; at one side of the brush is a metal plate or board which causes the
hairs or strips of the brush to incline slightly, and they by virtue of their
elasticity throw in the form of a shower the liquid which the brush takes up
from the trough, the shower falls on the fabric which is stretched in front of
the brush. The drops may even be deposited on the fabric by printing by
means of blocks furnished with metal pins; the block is dipped in a trough
or basin containing the viscous liquid so as to lift a sufficient quantity, and so
that when applied upon the fabric it may furnish it in sufficient relief to form
pearls or beads after the drops have become solidified.
The liquids which may be employed for making artificial pearls or beads
according to this Invention are solutions of gummy substances, such as gum
arabic and senegal, fecula, dextrine, starch, collodion, albumen, gelatine, or
varnishes, and solutions of resins and tars, also solutions of soluble silicates, or
any solution which deposited in a liquid state will after solidification give an
artificial pearl or bead; these various substances may be colored by coloring
matters or interposed colors, or they may be left uncolored; they may be
The
opaque or transparent so as to resemble crystals or precious stones.
artificial pearls or beads may be gilt, silvered, or bronzed by covering them
before complete solidification with gold, silver, or bronze powder.
It is obvious that this Invention applies not only to fabrics or tissues, but
also to paper in the piece or sheet, and to any other surface upon which it may
be desired to apply artificial pearls or beads.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First, the method of manufacturing artificial pearls or beads by allowing
a viscous liquid to fall in drops upon fabrics or surfaces, substantially as
herein-before described.
Second, the method of applying artificial pearls or beads upon fabrics or

page_text: surfaces by bringing a viscous material in contact in a liquid or semi-liquid
state with the fabric or surface, so that when the material solidifies it may
become adherent to the surface, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of August, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.
C. E. BROOMAN. (L.S.)