IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER, THREAD, TISSUES, TEXTILE FABRICS, WOOD. METAL, GLASS, CANE, LEATHER, AND OTHER SURFACES BY COVERING OR ORNAMENTING THE SAME IN VARIOUS COLOURS, METALLIC OR OTHERWISE."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Moise Jacob, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
but at present residing at Vernon Place, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER, THREAD,
TISSUES, TEXTILE FABRICS, WOOD. METAL, GLASS, CANE, LEATHER, AND
OTHER SURFACES BY COVERING OR ORNAMENTING THE SAME IN VARIOUS
COLOURS, METALLIC OR OTHERWISE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Moise Jacob at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1878.
"
CHARLES MOISE JACOB, of Paris, in the Republic of France. but at present
residing at Vernon Place, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist. IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER, THREAD, TISSUES, TEXTILE FABRICS, WOOD, METAL,
GLASS, CANE, LEATHER, AND OTHER SURFACES BY COVERING on ORNAMENTING
THE SAME IN VARIOUS COLOURS, METALLIC OR OTHERWISE."
"
The object of this Invention is to cover the surfaces of various articles, tissues,
fabrics, or materials with a liquid coloring matter, so as to give them a metallic
or other ornamental appearance.
The liquid coloring matter possesses the advantage of being capable of being applied
in a cold state to substances of different kinds, and either by immersing the article
in the liquid, or by painting with a brush, or in any other manner. It will serve as
a coating, or as a metallic or non-metallic varnish. and is easy of application, and
dries rapidly. The effect produced is very remarkable, and various shades of colour
may be obtained. It will adhere very strongly to glass, wood, either smooth or
carved leather, metals, thread, fabrics, and tissues of various kinds, cane, straw,
paper, and other vegetable substances.
The liquid employ for these purposes is a compound of the hereafter-named
materials mixed in about the following proportions:-
15 per cent. of pyroxyline, obtained by treating cotton with mixture of the two
acids. nitric and sulphuric,

page_text: 65 per cent. of alcohol or spirit of wine and sulphuric ether. The produci may
be obtained by putting the pyroxiline in alcohol without the addition of ether, but
the use of the latter renders the drying less rapid.
5 per cent. of gum, resins, or gelatine, in order to make the composition cover
better.
5 per cent. of either oleine, castor oil, gutta percha, or glycerine, in order to impart
suppleness to the tissue when dry.
10 per cent. of pulverized metal, such as bronze or other powders, when it is
desired to give a metallic appearance. By the addition of coloring matters the
appearance of metallic colours of great brilliancy will be obtained. The proportions
above named will necessarily vary, according to the nature of the article upon which
it is to be employed.
The product will be remarkably strong and tenacious when applied, and will
equal that of rolled metal, such as in or lead of the same thickness.
An essential feature of my Invention is that by the mixing of metallic substances
in a reduced or pulverized state with liquid collodion, not only does the compound
give a metallic appearance, which has never up to the present time been known, but
by the use of the metallic powders great strength is obtained, as any bubbles of air
that the collodion usually contain when used for any other purpose than for photo-
graphy or surgery will be filled with the metal powder.
If, instead of bronze powder, a mixture of pulverized earthy coloring matters,
such as ochre, vermillion, or ultramarine, be used in varying proportions, according
to the richness of the coloring matters, brilliant and beautiful varnishes may be
obtained.
The liquid collodion thus prepared is denominated technically liquid cellulose,
and is to be concentrated to a suitable, extent, according to the thickness of coating
which it is desirable to obtain.
The method of using the liquid is, as has been said, to dip into cold liquid that
part of the article which requires to be coated, and to draw it out immediately.
By reason of the evaporation which will take place the coating will adhere
tenaciously to the surface operated upon, and will form a coating or cover of the
desired appearance; or the liquid may be applied with a brush or in any other
manner.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Leiters Patent filed by
the said Charles Muise Jacob in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
December 1878.
CHARLES MOISE Jacon, of Paris, in the Republic of France, but at present
residing at Vernon Place, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist. IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER, THREAD, TISSUES, TEXTILE FABRICS, WOOD, METAL,
GLASS, CANE, LEATHER, AND OTHER SURFACES BY COVERING OR ORNAMENTING
THE SAME IN VARIOUS COLORS, METALLIC OR OTHERWISE.
This Invention relates to a mode of covering the surfaces of flexible and rigid
materials with a view of ornamenting the same, and also of protecting certain of
Buch surfaces from the corroding action of damp, or in the case of fibres or tissues
of imparting toughness thereto, and also a metallic lustre similar to that produced
when metal threads or foil are employed.
To this end 1 prepare a liquid coloring matter, which may be used either as a
bath, in which the materials to be treated are to be immersed, or as a paint to be
applied by a brush.
The base of this liquid coloring matter will be pyroxiline, which is mixed with a
metallic powder or an earthy or other pigment, and is reduced to the proper con-
sistency for use by the addition thereto of a volatile spirit. In combination with
this mixture are other substances to improve the covering property of this compo-
sition, and to impart suppleness to it when set.
Supposing, for example, it is intended to prepare a bath, or it may be a paint to
coat, say, paper or glass, and give it the appearance of being gilt, I take of pyroxiline
by weight twenty parts; bronze powder, five parts; glycerine, oil, or caoutchouc, by
preference, previously treated with benzine, ten parts; and gum, resin, or gelatine,
five parts. These substances I mix thoroughly, and add thereto a mixture in equal
proportions of ethyle or methyle and oxide of methyle sixty parts to reduce the
compound to the proper consistency for working.
If I require to coat a sheet or web of paper with this compound, 1 either floni. it
upon a bath of the compound, or by means of a brush I apply the compound thereto
as a paint or enamel.
"
By exposing the coating to the action of the air the spirit will quickly evaporate,
and leave on the surface of the paper a tough coating having the appearance of
matted gold, but. capable of resisting the action of moisture, and adhering firmly.
in the paper.
..
"
When ornamenting glass with this compound 1 apply the coloring matter to the
back of the glass, and if the glass has been previously ornamented by engraving, a
very elegant and lustrous effect will be produced.
The Invention applies also to the production of gold and silver brocades; thus,
instead of wearing gold or silver threads into the fabric, which are costly, I prepare
threads as substitutes for these metals by immersing the same in a bath of silver or
gold, prepared as above explained, the metal being reduced to an impalpable powder,
as ordinarily practised by brouze powder manufacturers.
The threads may conveniently be run through the bath by the aid of guides in
keep them apart, and when drawn out of the bath they should be exposed to the
air until the conting has set; they may then be wound up on to bobbins for use.
Instead of gilding picture and other frames by the use of gold leaf, or oil gold
paint, as heretofore, I gild or silver the same by applying the metallic compound
thereto by a brush or by simple immersion.
Tu like manner, by substituting for the bronze powder colored pigments, such as
ochres, vermillion, lampblack, ultra marine, and whitelead in a finely pulverized
state, I am enabled to provide a paint or enamel suitable for decorating the walls,
cornices, roses, and woodwork of dwelling-houses; also furniture and metallic
surfaces which are required to be protected from exposure to the air.

page_text: The advantage of using this paint or enamel will be appreciated from the fact
that it becomes set and hard so soon as the spirit as had time to evaporate.
The picking out therefore of mouldings and curbossed and moulded ornaments in
contrasting colors, or in gold or silver, may be proceeded with and rapidly executed
soon after the ground color has been laid on.
By applying the colored compound (whether formed with a metallic or other
piguent) to the enamelling of leather a lustrous surface will be produced without
injury to the texture or flexibility of the leather, and a large variety of tints may
be imparted thereto.
It will be understood that the proportions given above may be varied, according
to the nature of the application.
The glycerine and equivalent substances above indicated employ to give the
requisite suppleness to the set compound, and gelatine or its equivalent facilitates
the working of the compound when applied as a paint or enamel.
"
By the introduction of the metallic powders and earthy or other pigment into
the pyroxiline or collodion in the proportion above indicated, all tendency of the
cullodion to retain air bubbles is destroyed, and thus a uniform texture of the goating
substance will be ensured.
It should also he remarked that the composition prepared with metallic powder
possesses its characteristics, both as respects appearance, toughness, and suppleness
of metal foil when run into sheets and set by evaporation of the volatile spirit; thus
it may be considered as a cold fluid meful, and capable of general application as a
coating material.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in the
Treatment of Paper, Thread, Tissues. Textile Fabrics, Wood, Metal, Glass, Cane,
Leather, and other Surfaces by Covering or Ornamenting the same in various
Colors, Metallic or otherwise." and explained the manuer of carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim, the treating of paper, thread, tissues, metallic and other surfaces
with colored compounds, prepared as and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Moise Jacob, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
M. CH. JACOB. (L.S.)