IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Cooper Warburton, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Telegraph Engineer, and Louis John Crossley, of Halifax, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC
APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Cooper Warburton
and Louis John Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
1st July 1879.
EDWARD COOPER WARBURTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Telegraph Engineer, and LOUIS JOHN CROSSLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS.”
Our Invention is particularly applicable to the telegraphic machines known as
Bright's bell instruments, and to polarize telegraphic relays generally. In the
machines known as Bright's bell instrument relay it has been customary to use a
small permanent magnet, pivotted upon its centre and working between the horus
of electro magneta to bring into action local battery power for the transmission of
siguals, this magnet being adjusted by springs and regulators, and consequently not
always in a suitable condition to receive the effect of a weak current. Now our
improvements consist in using a piece of soft iron or needle in place of the small
permanent magnet, which piece of iron is pivotted and placed between the horns
or poles of a permanent magnet, establishing thereby an artificial magnetic
meridian, to which the piece of iron is constant in its normal state, but when any
current, whether weak or strong, passes through the adjacent electro magnet or
magnets the artificial meridian is temporarily disturbed and the piece of soft iron
or needle is deflected between the stops used for stop and electrical contact
purposes.
We entirely dispense with springs and other regulators by the action of the
artificial magnetic meridian, in which the needle is always maintained when no
current is passing through the adjacent electro-magnet or magnets.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Cooper Warburton and Louis John Crossley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 31st December 1879.
EDWARD COOPER WARBURTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Telegraph Engineer, and LOUIS JOHN CROSSLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS.”
Our Invention is particularly applicable to the telegraphic machines known as
Bright's bell instruments, and to polarize telegraphic relays generally. In the
machines known as Bright's bell instrument relay it has been customary to use a
small permanent magnet, pivotted upon its centre and working between the horns
of electro magnets to bring into action local battery power for the transmission of
signals, this magnet being adjusted by springs and regulators, and consequently not
always in a suitable condition to receive the effect of a weak current. Now our
improvements consist in using a piece of soft iron or needle in place of the small per
manent magnet, which piece of iron is pivotted and placed between the horns or poles
of a permanent magnet, establishing thereby an artificial magnetic meridian, to which
the piece of iron is constant in its normal state, but when any current, whether
weak or strong, passes through the adjacent electro magnet or magnets the artificial
meridian is temporarily disturbed and the piece of soft iron or needle is deflected
between the stops used for stop and electrical contact purposes. We entirely
dispense with springs and other regulators by the action of the artificial magnetic
meridian in which the needle is always maintained when no current is passing
through the adjacent electro magnet or magnets.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we will describe the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 shew respectively a side elevation, end elevation, and plan
views of our improved needle, which may be of soft iron or steel. a is the needle ;
and 6 is the permanent magnet. The needle is mounted upon a pivotted axle and
held in position in cock and cup centres between the poles of a permanent magnet
of a rectangular, horse shoe, or other suitable shape, so as to form an artificial
meridian or polar line, to which the needle may become constant in direction when
undisturbed by other magnetic forces.
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively a plan and side elevation of one form out of
many of the application of the artificial meridian and needle to electrical relay
purposes. a is the needle; b, the permanent magnet; c and d, contact and stop
points; e is the electro magnet; and f, prolongation of electro magnetic poles.
In this machine the electro magnet has its poles or cores prolonged and placed on
either side of one end of the needle so as to bring about by an electric current
passing through the coil of the electro magnet a "to and fro" motion of such needle
between the stops, which stops may be made contact points for local battery and
apparatus action in the usual ways; or one may be made a stop and the other a
contact point as desired.
Figures 6 and 7 are respectively a plan and side elevation of the artificial
meridian and needle as applicable to the relay of Bright's bell instrument with the
magnetic polarities marked, such polarities being permanent in the case of the
permanent magnet, but reversible by electric current in the case of the electro
magnets.
Action and use are sufficiently indicated by explanations given in reference to
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
This arrangement accomplishes the following objects :-
1st. It establishes a moveable needle magnetizable by induction of the permanently

page_text: 2nd. Such needle is undemagnetizable by lighting according to the common
acceptation of the term; and,
3rd. It preserves the magnetic forces in the permanent magnet by partially
closing or bringing to a static condition such forces between the poles after the
manner of a keeper or armature.
4th. It induces a similar polarity in the soft iron core or cores of electro magnet
or magnets placed in the neighbourhood of the permanently magnetic pole when
such cores are not excited by the electric currents.
5th. It supersedes the necessity of adjustable springs, since the line of magnetic
force in which the needle is placed between the poles of the permanent magnet
performs the office of a spring without weight reducing friction, and giving to the
outside magnetic forces fuller play, and to the whole arrangement a great capacity
for the reception of extremely weak or strong currents.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner of
performing the same, we declare that we claim, the use of an artificial magnetic
meridian for the purposes described, and the means shewn and described for effecting
the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Cooper Warburton, for myself and on
behalf of the said Louis John Crossley, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty ninth day of December, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy nine.
E. C. WARBURTON. (L&)