IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, WARMING, AND VENTILATING PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles George Virgo and Abraham Akeroyd, Importer,
both of Bradford, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, WARMING, AND VENTILATING PURPOSES."
Sealed the 4th December 1877, and dated the 28th September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles George Virgo and
Abraham Akeroyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th
September 1877.
CHARLES GEORGE VIRGO and ABRAHAM AKEROYD, Importer, both of Bradford, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, WARMING,
AND VENTILATING PURPOSES.'
"
Our Invention relates to improved means of increasing the illuminating power
of coal or other gas, or of combustible oils or liquids, thereby effecting a considerable
economy, and producing a better light from a given quantity consumed, and in
rendering the supply of air to the burner or burners entirely independent of the
air in the room or other locality; also in regulating the amount of atmospheric air
admitted to the flame or light, and in utilizing the heat for warming and ventilating
purposes.
For these purposes we entirely close the glass globe or shade against any com-
munication with the air of the room; and we conduct the required atmospheric air
for combustion in the globe or shade (or globes or shades) through pipes fitted to a
pendant from the ceiling of the room, or to a bracket fixed to a wall. The fresh
air passes through openings and through passesges or pipes to a chamber placed in
the ceiling, and between the joists, or in the wall. The chamber is constructed in
two distinct compartments, or may be two separate and distinct chambers, one for
the admission of the fresh air, and the other for the escape of the vitiated or burnt
air which escapes through suitable passages.
The air for supporting combustion passes through an opening or openings in the
fresh air chamber, and from the fresh air chamber through pipes and pendant or
brackets, in which passages are formed, and then on the side of the interior of the
globe or shade to the flame. The burnt air passes through the pendant pipe, which
Price GI I

page_text: is suspended from the ceiling; a pipe is fitted in the pendant from the burnt air
pipe to the burnt air chamber, and an opening or openings from the chamber to the
open air. For warming and ventilating, this chamber can be fitted with a series of
tubes or pipes communicating with the external air for admitting warm air, or
extracting vitiated air from the room or rooms.
The air pipes supporting combustion are fitted with taps or valves to regulate the
required amount of atmospheric air to the light or lights to effectually support com-
bustion, and yet insufficient to cool and lower the temperature of the flame or
flames.
The glass globe or shade is closed by being fitted in suitable packing in a metal
bonnet having an inside circular chamber, in which is placed mercury; and in this
mercury passes, when the globe or shade is closed, the rim of a cover formed or
fitted on the burnt air pipe. Two chambers are also made on the cover between the
rim and the burnt air pipe, in which is placed water which surrounds the fresh air
inlet tubes, over which passes the fresh air pipes, the water preventing any escape
of fresh air outside the globe or shade. At or near the bottom of the burnt air
tube is also formed a chamber to receive any condensed water from the outlet, and
at the bottom of the chamber are fitted small pipes conveying the condensed water
to the water chambers of the fresh air pipes. The supply gas pipe passes through
the burnt air pipe, and guide rods are fitted on the ends of weight chains passing
through guides formed in the bottom part of the fresh air passages to the globe or
shade to guide the pipes over the fresh air inlets when opening or closing the globe
for lighting or cleansing the same; or we admit fresh air from the surrounding
atmosphere, and fit on the supply gas pipe a small screwed tube, on which screws a
gallery on which is placed the globe or glass cover. Between the burner and the
gas pipe is also fitted a gallery supporting, by preference, a tapered chimney. The
globe or cover is made larger in the side opening than the tapered chimney; the air
for combustion passes in the top of the globe or cover, and gets heated in travelling
to the flame. The required amount of air admitted is regulated by screwing or
unscrewing the bottom gallery, supporting the globe or shade up or down.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
'
the said Charles George Virgo and Abraham Akeroyd in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th March 1878.
CHARLES GEORGE VIRGO and ABRAHAM AKEROYD, Importer, both of Bradford, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING, WARMING,
AND VENTILATING PURPOSES."
The said Invention relates to improved means of increasing the illuminating.
power of coal or other gases, or of combustible oils or liquids, thereby effecting &
considerable economy, and producing a better light from a given quantity consumed
than hitherto, and in rendering the supply of air to the burner or burners entirely
independent of the air in the room or other locality; also in regulating the amount
of atmospheric air admitted to the flame or light, and in utilizing the heat for
warming and ventilating purposes.
In carrying out our Invention we entirely close the glass globe or shade from
communication with the air of the room; and we conduct the required atmospheric
air of combustion into the globe or shade (or globes or shades) through pipes fitted
to a pendant from the ceiling of the room, or to a bracket fixed to a wall. The
fresh air passes through openings and through passages or pipes to a chamber placed
in the ceiling, and between the joists, or in the wall. The chamber is constructed
in two distinct compartments, or may be two separate and distinct chambers, one
for the admission of the fresh air, and the other for the escape of the vitiated or
burnt air, which escapes through suitable passages.
The air for supporting combustion passes through an opening or openings in the
fresh air chamber, and from the fresh air chambers through pipes and pendants or
brackets, in which passages are formed, and then on the side of the interior of the
globe or shade to the flame. The burnt air passes through the pendant pipe, which
is suspended from the ceiling; a pipe is fitted in this pendant from the burnt air
pipe to the burnt air chamber, and an opening or openings from this chamber to the
open air. For warming and ventilating, this chamber can be fitted with a series of
tubes or pipes communicating with the external air for admitting warm air, or
extracting vitiated air from the room or rooms.
The air pipes supporting combustion are fitted with taps or valves to regulate the
required amount of atmospheric air to the light or lights to effectually support
combustion, and yet insufficient to cool and lower the temperature of the flame or
flames.
The glass globe or shade is closed by being fitted in suitable packing in a metal
bonnet having an inside circular chamber, in which is placed mercury; and in the
mercury passes, when the globe or shade is closed, the rim of a cover formed or
fitted on the burnt air pipe. Two chambers are also made on the cover between
the rim and the burnt air pipe, in which is placed water which surrounds the fresh
air inlet tubes, over which passes the fresh air pipes, the water preventing any
escape of fresh air outside the globe or shade. At or near the bottom of the burnt
air tube is also formed a chamber to receive any condensed water from the outlet,
and at the bottom of the chamber are fitted small pipes conveying the condensed
water to the water chambers of the fresh air pipes. The supply gas pipe passes
through the burnt air pipe, and guide rods are fitted on the ends of weight chains
passing through guides formed in the bottom part of the air passages to the globe
or shade to guide the pipes over the fresh air inlets when opening or closing the
globe for lighting or cleaning the same; or we admit fresh air from the surrounding

page_text: atmosphere, and fit on the supply gas pipe a small screwed tube, on which is placed
a glass gallery; and over the burner we fit a chimney. The globe or cover is made
to fit on the top of the glass gallery; the air for combustion passes in the top of
the globe or cover, and gets heated in travelling to the flame. The required amount
of air admitted is regulated by a regulator fitted between the chimney and the top
of the globe or cover.
But in order to enable our improvements to be better understood, we will proceed
to more particularly describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawings,
in which,-
Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents an elevation partly shewn in section of a pendant
gas fitting, with globe or shade, entirely closed from the atmospheric air of the
room.
i
Figure 2 represents an enlarged section of the globe or shade with inlet and outlet
passages.
་
Figure 3 represents a sectional side elevation of a wall bracket with air
regulator.
'
Figure 4 represents a front elevation, partly shewn in section, of air regulator.
Figure 5, Sheet 2, represents a sectional elevation of a gas burner, in which the
air for combustion passes in the top of the globe or cover; and Figure 6, side
elevation of the same.
Similar letters of reference are used to represent similar parts.
For pendant gas fittings, with globe or shade entirely closed from the atmospheric
air of the room; the atmospheric air for combustion passes through openings and
through passages or pipes to a chamber placed in the ceiling, and between the joists
or in the wall.
The chamber is constructed with two distinct compartments, or may be two
separate and distinct chambers A and B; the chamber A for the admission of the
fresh air, and the chamber B for the escape of the vitiated or burnt air which
escapes from the chamber through suitable passages.
The air for supporting combustion passes through an opening C in a chamber D,
and from there into pipes E and F, and through pendants or brackets G, in which
passages are formed leading to the fresh air pipes H. The branch pipes I, con-
necting the passages of the pipes F to the pendants or brackets G, are fitted with
taps or valves J to regulate the required amount of atmospheric air to the light or
lights to effectually support combustion, and yet insufficient to cool and lower the
temperature of the flame or flames K. The glass globe or shade L is closed by being
fitted in suitable packing M, fitted in a recess N formed on a bonnet O. Inside
this bonnet is formed a chamber P in which is placed mercury Q, in which passes
(when the globe shade is closed) the rim R of a cover S, which is made with two
chambers T, in which is placed water U; these chambers have fresh air inlets V,
over which pass the fresh air pipes H. Under the chambers T are fixed or formed
outlet passages W, through which passes the fresh air into a fresh air chamber X;
formed under the outlet passages W, and over a reflector or mirror Y fitted to a
support pipe or tube Z. On this tube is fitted the cover S, which is secured to a
flange A formed on the tube Z, and over this tube passes a tube B¹ connected to the
outlet tube D¹. The tube B¹ forms a chamber C' to receive any condensed water
from the tube D¹; the water chambers T are connected to the condensed water
chambers C¹ by small pipes E¹.
The fresh air passes from the chamber X to the flame K, as shewn by the arrows,
and passes through an opening F¹ into the interior of the globe or shade L to the
flame or flames.
The burnt air passes through the pendant pipe or tube D¹, which is suspended

page_text: from the ceiling, and then through a passage or pipe G¹ fitted in the air chamber D,
and which is connected to the pendant pipe D¹. The burnt air escapes through
suitable passages to the open air; and for warming and ventilating purposes the
chamber B can be fitted with a series of tubes or pipes communicating with the
external air for admitting warm air or extracted vitiated air from the room or
rooms. The gas supply pipe H₁ passes in the pendant pipe D¹, and guide rods I'
are fitted on the end of the chains J', to which are fitted the weights K₁; the chains
pass over pullies L³, which are fitted in a bracket M', and which is secured to the
pendant pipe D. The guide rods pass through guides formed on the branch pipes
N¹ of the fresh air pipes F, and guide the pipes H over the inlets V when opening
and closing the globe or shade for lighting or cleaning. A shade O¹ can be fitted
over the globe or shade L, which is secured to wires P¹ fitted to the bonnet O.
We construct wall brackets Q' with swivel supply gas pipe R', which is made
with a balance weight S₁ to allow of disconnecting the gas burner from the shade
and outlet burnt air pipe T. On one end of the pipe R' is fitted a gallery U¹, on
which rests the globe V₁ or shade W'. The top of the globe or of the shade rests
upon an outside flange X' formed on a fresh air supply tube Y¹, which is made
with air openings Z'. An inside flange A2 is also formed on the tube Y¹, on which
rests the top of the chimney B². The fresh air supply tube Y' is made with an
opening C, through which passes a pin D³ fitted to the burnt air pipe T¹, which
allows of turning the tube Y' until the pin D³ comes in position to pass through
the opening E to disconnect the globe and chimney from the pipe T for cleaning
purposes. Over the tube Y¹ is fitted a ring F, which can be slided up and down,
opening or closing the air openings Z' to regulate the required amount of atmo-
spheric air to the light or lights; the fresh air is admitted in this case from the
surrounding atmosphere. Or we construct fittings and lamps for gas, oil, or com-
bustible liquids in which the fresh air from the surrounding atmosphere passes in
the top of the globe or cover, and gets heated in travelling to the flame, as shewn
by the arrows, Figure 5, Sheet 2.
On the supply gas pipe G2 we screw a fixing H2, over which we pass a felt washer
I, or a washer made of any suitable material; on the washer and fixing we place a
glass gallery J, and secure the same to the fixing by a nut K2; on the flange L³ of
the glass gallery J2 we fit a shade M, which closes the gallery, and prevents the
surrounding atmosphere entering below the gallery and shade; on the top of the
shade we fit a cover or lid N2, in which is fitted a regulator O to regulate the
amount of fresh air to be admitted to ensure a perfect combustion; lugs P² are
also formed on the lid N2 to secure the chimney Q in position; on the screwed top
R² of the fixing H2 we screw the burner St
Having thus described our improvements, and the best means we are acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention; but what we do
claim is,―
Firstly. The general arrangement, construction, and employment of gas fittings,
whereby the supply of atmospheric air to the burner or burners is entirely inde-
pendent of the air in the room or rooms, substantially as herein-before described,
and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and employment of gas fittings, such as gas wall
brackets with their regulators and burnt air escape pipes, whereby the atmospheric
air is admitted from the surrounding atmosphere, substantially as herein-before des-
cribed, and represented by the Drawings annexed.
Thirdly. The arrangement, construction, and employment of lamps or gas burner,
fittings for gas, oil, or combustible liquids in which the fresh air from the sur-
rounding atmosphere passes in the top of the globe or cover, and gets heated in

page_text: travelling to the flame or flames, substantially as herein-before described, and repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles George Virgo and Abraham Akeroyd,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
CHARLES GEORGE VIRGO. (L.S.)
ABRAHAM AKEROYD.
(L.S.)