IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LOOKING GLASSES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Schottlander, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, Manufacturer, for the Inven-
tion of IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LOOKING GLASSES,"
$
Sealed the 10th August 1855, and dated the 20th February 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Schottlander at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1855.
I, HENRY SCHOTTLANDER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, & of 4, South
Street, Finsbury, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING LOOKING GLASSES " to be as follows, that
is to say:
My Invention consists in applying upon the backs of looking glasses before
they are silvered, designs, letters, &c. on colored, gold, or silver paper, from
which the figures are cut out and fixed by means of gum. The glass is then
silvered by the ordinary means.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Heury Schottlander in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th August 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. HENRY
SCHOTTLANDER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, and late of No. 4, South
Street, Finsbury, Manufacturer, &c., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Schottlander, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Schott-
lander, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Henry Schottlander, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, ex-
ercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ORNAMENTING LOOKING GLASSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Henry Schottlander, byan instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Schottlander, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement—
The improvements which I claim as new consist in the ornamenting of
polished glasses, plain, mat, or silvered, commonly called looking glasses, in the
following way, that is to say:-
I print or paint in colours of all kind and description ornamental designs,
drawings, as well as letters, writings, &c., in ordinary manner upon the back
of a looking glass not yet silvered, in manner that the surface of such glass be
not entirely covered, after which I silver the same in the ordinary way of
silvering looking glasses by the well-known methods. Through this process
the drawing, design, &c.appears between the silver and the glass either in black
or colours, as the case may be, and becomes closed in hermetically. The parts

page_text: not covered with colour become thereby ordinary looking glasses,and form the
basis or ground of the design, &c.
The drawing or design themselves are formed into looking glasses in
imitation of inlaid silver by covering the whole surface of a glass on one side
with paint, and scraping the colours off those parts where I desire to have
looking glass. The chromo-printing, or the printing of pictoral or ornamental
designs as well as mere letters in colours direct upon glass, the application of
which claim as my Invention, distinguishes itself from the well-known
method of chromo-printing upon paper by the following peculiarities:-
That the colours employed must be prepared in a more solid body, less
liquified than those used for printing upon paper, on account of the latter
being more porous and spongy,absorbing the moisture, while the former (glass)
being harder, and non-absorbent, allows the colours to spread more over the
surface. That in chromo-printing upon glass, the printing being upon the
back of the glass, the colours are laid on in reversed order, that is to say,
the last in the one case are applied first in the other.
Another method of printing upon glass may be effected in printing first
upon paper in colours (chromo-printing), and by transferring it upon the
glass afterwards, previous to the colours having dried. I further deposit
photographies direct upon glass, colour the same if required, and silver
them afterwards, thereby transforming them partly into looking glasses,
the photography appearing between the glass and the silver, in manner as
heretofore described, by which process the same are protected against any
effects of the atmospheric air, and consequently retain their freshness per-
manently. In order to detach the outlines of a photography upon glass from
the chemical substances which surround them, I apply the described process
of scraping, provided that the design does not contain too many minute parts;
otherwise I cover the photography itself with varnish, and wash the surpassing
chemical substances off with water or other dissolving liquids.
For the painting, drawing, and otherwise ornamenting the glasses, may be
substituted another process, which I am going to describe, that is to say,
1 paste upon the surface of the glass, by means of a solution of prepared gum
arabic or other adhesive matter, paper prints, letters, ornaments either black
or coloured, gold, silver, or fancy paper, foils or other substances, the outlines
of which have been previously carefully cut out by a knife, scissors, or other
cutting instrument, in similar manner as hitherto employed in thepotychomany,
care being taken that the paper is particularly thin, as thickness of the same
would throw difficulties in the way of silvering. For pasting papers, foils;&c.
on glass, I recommend the following solution:-I dissolve the purest gum

page_text: arabic in distilled water, I then let it simmer by gentle 1.cat, adding a little
refined white sugar and a small portion of garlic until it becomes quite
transparent; but other adhesive matter may be used for the same purpose
Having completed the process of pasting, 1 remove, by means of a sponge
and water, cautiously, the overspread adhesive matter from the surface of the
glass; but as minute portions of the same will still remain which are not
visible to the naked eyc. I finish by cleaning those parts of the glass which
are not covered by the paper, &c. with ronge or whitening previous to the
silvering. My Invention tends to transform all pictorial designs, ornaments,
photographies,letters,&c.intoprotectedandlastinglookingglasses, heightening
the effects of colouring, preserving them from perishing and fading, and are
adapted for panelling, ceilings,decoration of houses, furniture,dressing glasses,
workboxes, signboards, show bills, and the like articles of use and luxury.
Having now described the way in which I propose to carry out this my
Invention, I claim as new:-
1. "The application of the well-known method of printing in colours
(chromo-printing) upon polished glass, plain, mat, or silvered, commonly
called looking glasses."
2. "All ornamenting of glasses produced bypainting, printing, photography,
potychomany, &c. in connection with silvered glasses.
In witness whereof, I, the said Heury Schottlander, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
(L.S.) HENRY SCHOTTLANDER,
No. 1, Henrietta Terrace,
Rotherhithe.