IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COVERED ROLLERS AND OTHER NIPPING SURFACES OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Knowles, of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and John Muir Hetherington, of Man-
chester, in the said County, Machine Maker, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COVERED ROLLERS AND OTHER
NIPPING SURFACES OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Knowles and
John Muir Hetherington at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 28th January 1871.
We, WILLIAM KNOWLES, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, and JOHN MUIR HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in
the said County, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COVERED

page_text: ROLLERS AND OTHER NIPPING SURFACES OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to obtain true concentric or parallel
surfaces on covered rollers or other nipping apparatus used in machinery
for preparing and spinning.
In making rollers we cover them with leather, or a substitute there-
for, as now practised, but instead of depending upon the regularity of
the said covering for truth of surface we place the rollers in a lathe or
equivalent apparatus, and turn or grind them truly concentric. After
this treatment we propose to apply a suitable varnish, or by similar
means to obtain an artificial skin, or the said varnish may be employed
in the first instance. In like manner we prepare other nipping apparatus,
such as the strips of combing machines, by working their covered
surfaces true to enable them to act equally throughout their length.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Knowles and John Muir Hetherington
in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 28th July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
KNOWLES, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and
JOHN MUIR HETHERINGTON, of Manchester, in the said County, 1
Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, One,
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said William Knowles and John Muir Hether-
ington, Her special licence that we, the said William Knowles and
John Muir Hetherington, our executors, administrators, and assigns,"
or such others as we, the said William Knowles and John Muir
Hetherington, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle

page_text: of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COVERED
ROLLERS AND OTHER NIPPING SURFACES OF MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND
SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition,
amongst others, that we, the said William Knowles and John Muir
Hetherington, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Knowles and John
Muir Hetherington, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say :—
The object of our Invention is to gain truc concentric or parallel
surfaces on covered rollers or similarly constituted nipping apparatus
used in machinery for preparing and spinning cotton and other fibrous
materials.
This we effect by covering the rollers or other nipping apparatus with
leather or a substitute for the same, as now practised, but instead of
depending upon the regularity of the said covering for truth of surface
we place the roller or other nipping apparatus in a lathe or equivalent
arrangement of mechanism and turn or grind the surfaces truly con-
centric or parallel. After this treatment we apply a varnish or cement,
whereby an artificial skin is produced.
The apparatus by which the aforesaid turning or grinding is effected
does not constitute any part of our Invention, but in order that it may
be fully understood we will, by the aid of the accompanying Drawing,
describe the arrangement we employ.
Fig. 1 is a front view of a machine, Fig. 2 a cross section, and
Fig. 3 a plan view.
At a is the frame provided with feet by means of which it may be
secured to a bench. Upon this frame are formed two hollow V guides 6
within which is situate a sliding carriage c formed with a toothed rack d.
In gear
with this rack is a pinion e mounted upon a short shaft f which
turns in a fixed bracket g, the said shaft being provided with a pulley

page_text: handle h, and by turning this the carriage c may be caused to slide in
the V guides b. Upon the carriage c are mounted two standards i, which
are capable of being secured in any desired position by means of bolts k,
the heads of which are situate in grooves / formed in the said carriage c.
The standards i are provided at their upper ends with V formed
recesses m. Upon a bracket n of the frame a is a V guide o, upon
which is mounted a sliding frame p provided with a shaft q which
carries a roller covered with glass or sand paper or similar grinding
material, and ats are fast and loose pulleys driven by the motive power.
The bracket n carries a screw t which may be turned by a pulley
handle u, and upon this screw is a nut v, a pin projecting from which
passes into the sliding frame p. By turning the pulley handle u the
frame p and roller r may therefore be moved inward or outward.
At wo
is a shaft running in bearings carried by the frame a and driven by the
pulleys 10*.
The roller to be treated according to our Invention having been first
covered with leather or substitute therefor as now practised, except
that in the case of leather we prefer placing the flesh side outward, is
placed as at a in the machine with its axis resting in the V recesses m
of the standards i, a strap from the shaft w having been passed over a
shoulder of the said axis, as seen in the Drawing. Rotary motion being
the
communicated to the shafts q, w, by means of the pulleys 8, 10*,
grinding roller r and the covered roller x will be caused to revolve, and
the former is adjusted by the pulley handle u until its surface slightly
bears against that of the covered roller. The other pulley handle h
being now turned the frame c and standards i are caused to slide,
carrying with them the covered roller x, whereby the whole length of its
surface becomes acted upon by the grinding roller r, and this traversing
motion is effected two, three, or more times as may be found necessary
in order to obtain the desired truth. The covered roller is now complete,
as regards its concentricity, but it is necessary to give it an artificial
skin in order to correct its slightly rough texture. For this purpose we
coat the surface with a varnish or cement, such as is now used by roller
coverers and others, and when dry the roller is ready for use.
Our Invention as before stated is applicable to other nipping surfaces,
such, for instance, as the nippers of combing machines shewn at Fig. 4,
in which y is the well-known cushion plate covered at one end with
leather and pressed upon at the part z by the nipper bar y*, it being
+

page_text: essential, as is well known, that the said part z shall be true throughout
its length. To effect this we treat the leather covered part of the
cushion substantially as above described, placing its ends in suitable
holders formed in standards similar to those shewn at i, but adapted to
the shape of the cushion plate y, which may be caused to vibrate slightly
while it is traversed against the grinding roller in order to keep a
slightly curved surface at the part z.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire
it to be understood that we claim as secured to us under the above in
part recited Letters Patent, and for the purpose above set forth, turning,
grinding, or similarly treating such nipping surfaces as aforesaid, and
subsequently imparting to them an artificial skin by the application of
a varnish or other such coating.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Muir Hetherington, hath
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.