AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY TRAMWAY CARS, AND MARKING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY EACH PASSENGER ON TICKETS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
'I, JOHN BAMBER, of 34 Park Place, in the Parish of Toxteth Park, in the City.
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Joiner and Builder, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDICATING
AND REGISTERING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY TRAMWAY CARS, AND MARKING
THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY EACH PASSENGER ON TICKETS, to be as follows :―
The objects of this Invention are, to enable both the Passengers and the
Conductor, to ascertain, and be in possession of the knowledge of the distance
each passenger has travelled, from the time of entranco, to the time of exit, in
Tramway Cars; and to provide a secure check against any attempts of fraud by
the conductor or others.
The means by which. I accomplish these objects, are, by the adoption of a
Ticket marking apparatus, and a Dial-Indicator; both worked by a movement
obtained from the axle of the vehicle.
To the axle of the hind wheels I attach a toothed wheel of about 6 inches in
diameter, which moves round with the axle; with this wheel I connect another
toothed wheel, of double the size, so attached to the axle, and the under side of
the Car, as to accomodate itself to any rise or fall of the vehicle on its axle.
On each side of this intermediate wheel, is attached two Cams; one to raise,
and the other to depress the end of a lever, which is fixed underneath the Car, to
extend the rising and falling motion to an upright arm or rod, which passes
through the platform at the rear of the vehicle; close to the end of the body of
the car, and near the door. At the end of this upright arm, is a pawl, which works
a largo ratchet wheel, with its number of teeth, so apportioned to the size of the
wheels of the vehicle, and the toothed wheels attached to the axle, as to make one
revolution in the eighth of a mile.
To this ratchet wheel is attached a wheel with a double cam, which works a
pair of Pallets; fixed over it on a centre.
On the same axle as the ratchet wheel, is another large wheel, which I call the
marking or stamping wheel; the outer edgo of which is divided into eighths of a
mile, or, one revolution of the ratchet wheel; and contains in the total, as many
eighths of miles, as the journey or road travelled by the car, in its outward and
homeward route comprises, or a little more not less.
These divisions may be signified either by consecutive numbers as 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, &c,
representing eighths of a mile cach, or, by numbers representing miles and the
fractional parts of a mile, as follows, 0,,,,,,,, 1, 1, &c continued to
the full distance of the journey.

page_text: Attached to this marking wheel is an escape wheel, worked by the fixed Pallets,
which are acted upon by the double cam on the large ratchet wheel.
To the marking wheel is attached a small ratchet wheel and click, with a narrow
drum for a chain, to which is attached a weight, similar to the weight of a clock,
for the purpose of winding up the marking wheel.
At the commencement of a journey the wheel is wound up by turning it onco
round so that the 0 number shall be at the top of the wheel; and the numbers
representing the divisions on the wheel, shall follow consecutively to the top, as
the wheel is made to turn by the action of the cams on the large ratchet wheel,
operating on the Pallets to the escape wheel. The numbers on the marking wheel
are raised figures cast in metal. Over the centre of the marking wheel, is fixed a
small sliding stamping piece, or press, worked by two levers. One lever on tho
right hand side, is worked by the hand, and stamps or marks the tickets received
by the passenger on entering the car, and the other lever is worked by the foot,
and marks the tickets on leaving the vehiclo.
The tickets are placed on a roller, over the centre of the top of the marking
wheel, behind the levers; and, passing between two guiding rollers, are drawn
forward underneath the stamping lever, and over the figure on the wheel, and
stamped and cut off by the action of the: lever used by the right hand, and
received and delivered to the entering passenger by the left hand of the Conductor.
On the passenger leaving the vehicle, the conductor receives the ticket, and,
pushing it into the slit or aperture, from whenco he had before taken it, stamps it.
again with the foot lover, and the difference in the numbers determines the amount
of the fare. The ticket is then deposited in a box, for production at the end of
the journey; and as a definite roll of tickets, (numbered consecutively) has been
issued to the conductor at the commencement of the journey, the number left
unstamped on the roll, determines the number used, and to be accounted for
by him.
Attached to the centre of the large ratchet wheel, is a toothed pinion connected
by intermediate wheels, with two Dials, or Indicators; placed back to back, above
the stamping apparatus; one dial, visible to the passengers inside, and the other
visible from the platform.
These dials, which are enclosed and secure from being tampered with, havo
numbers, and pointers or hands, agreeing with the state of the recording or marking
wheel, being worked by wheels apportioned to it; thus enabling any passenger to
check or ascertain the distance travelled by a comparison with the ticket held in
possession; at any period of the journey.
The apparatus is placed at the end of the Tramway Car, and occupies the space,
from the door on one side, to the outside edge of the body of the Car; and is
about 4 inches in thickness, and does not occupy any room required for other
purposes; nor does it require any alteration in the present construction or arrange-
ment of the vehicle; other than the attaching of a toothed wheel to the axlo, and
the fixings required for the lever.
It is evident, that under this system, it will bo to the interest of the passonger
to demand a stamped ticket on entering the vehicle, or he would be liable to a
charge of fare for more than he had really travelled; and, that it will be equally
to the interest of the conductor, to mark the ticket on the passenger leaving, as the
omission or neglect in doing so would reckon against him.
The mode and machinery by which I accomplish the objects, and as generally
described above, I hold to be new in arrangement, as specially adapted to Tramway
Cars combining greater simplicity and certainty in action than any other existing
mode.

page_text: An Improved Apparatus for Indicating and Registering the
Distance Travelled by Tramway Cars, and Marking the
Distance Travelled by each Passenger on Tickets.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, JOHN BAMBER of N° 6 Upper Hill Strect in the City of Liverpool, in the
county of Lancaster, (late of N° 34 Park Place) Builder do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND
REGISTERING THE DISTANCE TRAVELLED BY TRAMCARS, AND MARKING THE DISTANCE
TRAVELLED BY EACH PASSENGER ON TICKETS, and in what manner the saine is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The objects of this invention are, to enable both passengers and the conductor
to ascertain, and be in possession, of the knowledge of the distance each passenger
has travelled, from the time of entrance, to the time of exit, in tramway cars; and
to provide a secure check, against any attempts of fraud by the conductor or
others.
The means by which I accomplish these objects, are, by the adoption of a Ticket
marking apparatus, and a Dial Indicator; both worked by a movement obtained
from the axle of the vehicle.
This movement may be obtained, either by toothed wheels and a cam, attached
to the axle of the hind wheels of the vehicle; or, by a worm actuating a toothed
wheel, attached to a rod or shaft, leading to the platform of the car, underneath
the machine; or by any other of the already known movements in use.
For these movements I make no claim of novelty, but merely point out, that the
first mentioned mode, is more suited to work a machine for short journeys, where
I employ a single marking or stamping wheel; and the worn movement for long
journeys, where I use a pair of marking or stamping wheels; the numbers being
too numerous in a long journey to be contained on one wheel, without making it
so large as to be unwieldy in use.
In working a single marking wheel, I attach a toothed wheel to the axle of the
hind wheels, of about six inches in diameter, which moves round with the axle;
with this wheel I connect another toothed wheel of double the size, so attached to
the axle, and the underside of the car, as to accomodate itself to any rise and fall
of the vehicle on its axle.
On the sides of this intermediate wheel, I fix cams, to rise and depress the end of
a lever, which is fixed underneath the car, to extend the rising and falling motion
to an upright arm or rod, which passes through the platform at the rear of the
vehicle, close to the end of the body of the car, and near the door. At the end of
this upright arm is a pawl, which works a large ratchet wheel, with its number of
teeth so apportioned to the size of the wheels of the vehicles, and the toothed
wheels attached to the axle, as to make one revolution in the eighth of a mile, or
any other fraction of a mile that may be determined on or adopted.
To this ratchet wheel is attached a wheel with a double cam, which works a pair
of Pallets, fixed over it on a centre,

page_text: On the same axle as the ratchet wheel, is another large wheel, which I call the
marking or stamping whocl, the outer edge of which is divided into eighths of a
mile, or any other fractional parts of a mile that may be determined on; each such
division representing one revolution of the ratchet wheel, and which contains in the
total as many in number, as the journey travelled by the car in its outward and
homeward route comprises, or a little more, not less.
These divisions may be signified, either by consecutive numbers as, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, &c,
or by whole numbers representing miles and fractional parts of a mile, as follows,
01 +1 | | 11, 1, 1, 1, &c, continued to the full distance of the journey.
11
Attached to this marking wheel is an escape wheel, worked by the fixed pallets,
which are acted upon by the double cam on the large ratchet wheel.
To the large marking wheel is attached a small ratchet wheel and click, and a
narrow drum för a chain, to which is attached a weight similar to the weight of a
clock, for the purpose of winding up the marking wheel.
At the commencement of a journey, the wheel is wound up by turning it once
round, so that the number 0, shall be at the top of the wheel; and the numbers
representing the divisions on the wheel, shall follow consecutively to the top, as the
wheel is made to turn by the action of the cams on the large ratchet wheel,
operating on the pallets to the escape wheel.
The numbers on the marking wheel are raised figures, cast or cut in metal.
Over the centre of the marking wheel is fixed an upright sliding stamping piece
or press, worked by two levers; one lever on the right hand sido, is worked by
the hand, and stamps or marks the tickets received by the passengers on entering
the car; and the other lever is on the left hand, and may be worked by either tho
left hand, or, to prevent confusion in stamping, by the foot; and marks the tickets
given up by the passengers on leaving the car.
The tickets are placed on a roller either above or below the marking wheel,
behind the levers; and, passing between two guiding rollers, are drawn and pushed
forward, underneath the stamping piece, and over the figure on the wheel, and
stamped and cut off by the action of the lever used by the right hand, and received
and delivered by the left hand of the conductor.
On the passenger leaving the vehicle, the conductor receives the ticket, and,
pushing it into the slit or aperture from whence it had before been taken, stamps
it again with the left hand lever; and the difference, showing the distance
travelled, determines the amount of fare to be paid.
The ticket is then deposited in a box for production at the end of the journey;
and as a definite roll of tickets (numbered consecutively) has been issued to tho
conductor at the commencement of the journey, the number left unstamped at the
end of the journey, determines the number used, and to be accounted for by him.
Attached to the centro of the large ratchet wheel, is a toothed pinion, which is
connected by intermediate wheels, with two Dials or Indicators; placed back to
back, above the marking wheel and apparatus; one dial is visible to the passengers
inside, and the other visible from the platform.
These dials, which are enclosed and secure from being tampered with, have
numbers and pointers or hands agreeing with the state of the marking wheel, being
worked by wheels apportioned to it; thus enabling any passenger to check, or
ascertain the distance travelled, by a comparison with the ticket held in possession,
at any period of the journey.
In cases where longer journeys render it desirable, or, where, for any other
reason it may be preferred; I adopt a worm movement, and, instead of one large
marking wheel, containing the whole of the numbers representing the divisions of
the journey; I adopt a pair of small marking wheels; one containing the whole
numbers representing the miles comprising the journey; and the other the fractional
parts of a mile.
To the axle of the hind wheels of the car, I fix a wheel, on the circumference of
which is a worm, which works a toothed wheel, fixed on the end of a shaft, which

page_text: short upright shaft, that goes through the platform, and projects about three
quarters of an inch above an iron plate or socket, which forms the seat of the
machine, terminating with a square end, to fit the socket of the shaft of the
machine.
The machine itself has an upright shaft, which, fitting on to the short shaft is
actuated by it, and can be detached, and moved to the opposite end of the car if
required.
On the upright shaft of the machine is a small ratchet wheel and catch, so that
if the vehicle is pushed backward, the machinery is not actuated; this provides
for any backward movement of the car.
On the upright shaft in the machine are also two worms; one to work the two
marking wheels, and the other to work the machinery of the dials.
There is also on this shaft a bevel toothed wheel, working another one, by which
the dials and marking wheels are set, by a key through the face of the outer dial;
on starting on a journey; the door of this dial can be locked.
The lower worm on the shaft works a worm wheel, to which is attached a cam
wheel, which acting on a lever or pawl, against a spring, and, having a drop piece
working on a ratchet wheel connected with the marking wheel containing the
fractional numbers, pushes, by a sudden and quick movement, the marking wheel
from one number to the next one.
The end of this lever pawl also works a wedge piece, which, fitting into spaces
in the two marking wheels, keeps them in their exact places after each movement.
The marking wheel containing the whole numbers, is moved by an intermittant
or stud wheel; the stud moving it one figure for each revolution of the fractional
wheel.
The upper worm on the upright shaft, works a worn wheel that moves tho
toothed wheels, working the hands of the distance dials, which are figured in
accordance with the marking wheels.
I will now proceed to briefly explain the drawings accompanying this
specification as referring to the worm movement and the two marking wheels,
which are shewn on Sheet N° 1.
Figure 1, represents an elevation of the dial. Figure 2, shows an internal view
of the levers, the sliding stamp, and the guiding rollers &c.
Figure 3, shows the seat of the machine on the platform, and connection of
shaft.
.
Figure 4, shows the outlines of the dial wheels, and worm connection; all these
aro straight, square or bevel toothed wheels of the usual description.
Figure 5, is a plan of the same..
Figures 6, and 7, show the intermittant wheels, working the marking wheels
from the lever pawl and ratchet wheel.
•
Figure 8, represents a view of the lever pawl, cam wheel, and ratchet wheel,
showing the action of drop piece attached to pawl; also, the marking wheel
and wedge working in ditto; it also shows the upright shaft. and lower worm
movement.
Figure 9, is a section in outline of the internal machinery; and figures 10, 11,
and 12, show the rack and stop movement, for producing the tickets.
Note. In a machine in which a pair of small marking wheels are used, a
movable mouthpiece is necessary, in order to change the position of the ticket over
the marking wheel as the numbers are cut on it the opposite way, the movable
mouthpiece is worked by the action of the left hand lever. In a machino with
one marking wheel, I use a movable stop in front of the knife, worked by the right
hand lever.
Sheet No 2, contains the drawings for a machine as described with one marking
wheel, which is more suitable for short journeys, as the large number of figures
required for a long journey, necessitates the use of a wheel so large as to make it
cumbersome, and occupies too much room in the vehicle.

page_text: Figure 1, shows the elevation of- the dial, with dotted lines shewing outlines of
the toothed wheels, connecting it with the machine, and worked from the large
ratchet wheel by a pinion.
Figure 2, shows the outlines of the various wheels, levers, stamping piece,
movable stop, pallets, pawl &c, as follows; A, sliding stamping piece, moved by the 5
levers; B, movable stop; C, marking wheel; D, large ratchet wheel; E, cam
wheel; F, escape wheel, G, small ratchet wheel for winding up; J, wooden case;
Qpawl to large ratchet wheel.
Figure 3, shows seat for machine on the platform; O, iron socket; P, platform
of car; R, lever worked from axle of hind wheels.
Figure 4, shows a section of dials.
Figure 5, is a section of the machine with the letters corresponding to figure 2,
with additions of H, drum for cord or chain for weight, and I, the iron frame for
fixings.
1
Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, show the rack, the rack wheel, ratchet, and stop, working 1
the ticket delivery rollers, with parts as follows. K, sliding rack, worked by right
hand lover; L, rack wheel; M, stop; N, small ratchet; U, and W, ticket rollers;
V, toothed wheels connecting the same.
Figure 10, shows a separate drawing of the double pallet, which, actuated by the
cam wheel attached to the large ratchet wheel, works the escape wheel, which is 2
attached or connected by the small ratchet. wheel to the marking wheel, giving it a
sudden movement from one number to the next; the side marked S, is worked by
the cam wheel, and the side marked T, works the escape wheel.
I here. remark that I am perfectly aware that there have been previous
inventions for accomplishing the same objects by other modes and different 2
arrangements of machinery; yet, I am not in possession of any knowledge of any
invention by which the checking of fares received from passengers in tramcars, or
any other vehicles, has been attempted or performed by the same mechanical
methods, or by the same machinery.
66
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said 3
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
"
1, A new and improved marking wheel or wheels, together with a new and
improved mode of working and movement of them, substantially as described and
shewn.
2, A new and improved ticket delivering apparatus, in connection with the rack
and stop movement for working the same, whereby certainty of action, speed in
delivery, and accuracy in the length of the ticket is obtained, substantially as
described and shown.
3
3, The adoption and connection of an improved double dial registering and 4
distance recording apparatus, substantially as described and shown.
4, In the arrangement and combination of a marking apparatus with ticket
delivering machinery, and a distance recording double dial indicator, substantially
as specified, described and shewn.