Improvements in Electric Heaters.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Heaters.
We, GEORGE EWART and JOHN VAUGHAN-SHERRIN, both of 346 Euston
Road, London, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
According to this invention we provide a core or body of nonconducting material
upon or around which is wound, strung or coiled thin conducting wire. This core
is contained within tube of nonconducting material, a very narrow space or
spaces being provided between the core and the tube for the water or other fluid
to flow through in a very thin stream or streams and by a helical or up and down
or other circuitous path or generally so as to turn over the water vigorously and
thus repeatedly expose fresh particles of the same to the intimate contact with the
wire which is traversed by an electric heating current so that the water becomes
rapidly heated while flowing through the heater.
The wire may be gilt or nickelled to prevent oxydation. Or instead of such a
wire we may form a helical or other strip or. strips upon the core by electrical
deposition.
In the accompanying drawings we have shown various forms of heater
constructed according to this invention.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 a sectional plan through a heater. A is
the core, made of earthenware or other suitable nonconductor of electricity solid
or hollow, in the latter case having the ends closed or plugged up. The core is
formed with ribs as shewn in Fig. 2, and a thin wire B connected to the terminals N
and S is coiled helically round it being kept in place by a helical groove in the
surface of the core A or by short pegs or other suitable means; the tube C, of
earthenware or other suitable nonconductor of electricity is of such inner diameter
as to leave very narrow spaces for the water to pass through from the inlet D to
the outlet E; the inner surface of the tube C may be plain or formed with
longitudinal helical or other ribs or projections for the purpose of aiding in the
breaking up and turning over of the water. F and G are end discs of earthenware
or other suitable nonconductor and H and I are joint washers of hard rubber or
the like. The whole may be enclosed in an outer thin metallic casing K.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through a heater in which the water is made to
traverse the spaces between the ribs more or less consecutively down and up and
up and down, the core A fitting as closely as practicable within the tube C, and
the ribs being broken through at a a for the flow of the water from space to
space.
In Fig. 4 the core A is formed with an outer helical surface of a coarse screw
pitch and the wire B is laid in helical grooves formed therein with a fine screw
pitch and in an opposite direction to the helix of A.
Fig. 5 shews a core A formed with ring flanges provided with notches for the
wire B which is strung backwards and forwards and up and down all round the core,
the notches forming the spaces for the water to pass through in intimate contact
with the wires.
Fig. 6 shows a core A with ring flanges provided with notches for the wire B
which is strung up and down all round the core, and for the water to pass through.
A heater of the kind described may readily be attached by its inlet and outlet
pipe to an urn or other vessel containing water to be heated.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. An electric heater consisting of a core of non-conducting material, a naked
heating wire wound, coiled or strung upon it or a strip or strips electrically
deposited upon it, said core contained within a cylinder of non-conducting material,
the clearance or spaces between the core and the cylinder being such that the
water has so say to squeeze through said spaces while passing from one end of the
heater to the other and in immediate contact with the heating wire substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
2. Electrical heaters of the character firstly claimed and constructed as described
with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 13th day of January 1896.
JENSEN & SON,
77 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.