matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE TRANSPORT OF RAILWAY VEHICLES ACROSS CHANNELS OR OTHER WATERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1877.
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent and Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING
THE TRANSPORT OF RAILWAY VEHICLES ACROSS CHANNELS OR OTHER WATERS."
The object of this Invention is to effect the transport of railway vehicles across
channels or other waters where there are not bridges, and the Invention essentially
consists in the employment of pontoons built on boats, and provided with rails, and
which are brought to the shore, or bank of the channel or other water, the port or
pier being constructed with different levels, as herein-after described, to permit of
embarking or disembarking taking place at any time, by practical gradients, what-
over be the state of the tide. The pontoon is of such dimensions as to receive an
ordinary train divided on several pairs of rails. Cramps or other suitable devices
fix each vehicle firmly on the rails, and iron chains further hold the front and rear
vehicles of each row. Raised parapets protect them from the waves.
The pontoon may be roughly but strongly constructed, and there is a saloon at
one end for passengers.
The port or pier where the railway terminates has several stations at different
levels, as above mentioned, and at each station the railway communicates with rails
corresponding with the lines of rail on the pontoon.
Changes of line are made in the usual way, and a movable platform (with rails),
the horizontal axis of which is fixed at the end of the station, connects the latter
with the pontoon.
It is not intended that the engines or passenger carriages should be embarked,
but only luggage vans, goods waggons, and cattle trucks. Heavy trains are embarked
on several pontoons.
The pontoon or pontoons are towed across the channel or water by a steam tug,
and the port or pier at the opposite side is constructed in the same manner us
above described.
IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR SPREADING BUTTER ON BREAD
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1877.
THOMAS MORRIS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR SPREADING BUTTER ON BREAD."
"AN
This Invention relates to a method of overcoming the difficulties which arise in
the spreading of butter upon bread, particularly during the winter season, when
the butter from being stiff and refactory will not spread evenly over the surface,
resulting in waste of butter, waste of time, and waste of labour.
To overcome this difficulty, without the necessity of warming the butter before
the fire, or otherwise, I make a knife or implement with a cavity inside the blade,
or in contact with it, for the reception of some heated fluid or solid substance; and
I employ as most convenient a metallic heater, which on being slightly heated is
put into the cavity, and thus warms the blade of the knife or implement, and causes
it to impart sufficient warmth to the butter to admit of its being evenly spre.id
upon the surface of the bread. The handle may be attached to the heater or to the
blade, but I prefer the latter as being more convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHANNELLING, CUTTING, OR GETTING ROCK, SLATE, COAL, AND OTHER MINERALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robert Leaver at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1877.
JAMES ROBERT LEAVER, of the Firm of Le Gros, Mayne, Leaver, and Company,
of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CHANNELLING, CUTTING, OR GETTING ROCK, SLATE, COAL, AND OTHER
MINERALS."
My Invention has for its object more particularly the cutting of a channel or
groove in slate and other like minerals, for the purpose of enabling blocks or layers
of the same to be successively broken away or removed; and it consists in the
employment of a bar or column having mounted thereon a rock-boring machine,
fitted with a suitable cutter, to which machine a reciprocating to-and-fro motion
is imparted along such bar by the aid of a rack and pinion, an endless chain, or
screw, or other convenient means of transmitting motion, whereby the cutter with
which the machine is provided is caused to cut a channel or groove in the slate or
other mineral, which is thence removed from its bed in blocks or layers without
blasting, and the liability to injury, and the waste attending the ordinary method,
is thus entirely obviated, whilst at the same time the operation is performed in an
expeditious and efficient manner.
LMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARriage CoupliNGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Humphrey Marten at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1877.
ROBERT HUMPHREY MARTEN, of 1, Hanbury Road, Clifton, in the County of
Glo'ster. "LMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARriage CoupliNGS."
My Invention consists in constructing couplings in such a manner as to enable
two carriages to be securely coupled together automatically by bringing them into
contact, buffer to buffer. In order to obtain this result I use a hook of suitable
shape with a straight shank pivotted on a socket at the buffer beam in such
a manner as to be capable of movement in a horizontal plane only.
For the purpose of controlling the position of the hook I provide a tie rod passing
from one side to the other of the carringe, attached by a suitable joint to the shank
of the hook, and connected at each end to a lever or handle suspended vertically and
retained in that position by a weight or spring. On two opposite hooks being
forced together they yield horizontally until each hook passes the other, and they
are then interlocked by the pressure of the lever, and by the construction of the
hooks must remain so until released by the lever being drawn back. I connect one
or more hooks to the same tie rod, if required, for extra safety. When requisite that
the tension of the draw bar should be adjustable, I provide an appliance for that
purpose, workable from either side of the carriage outside the buffers.
The advantages of this arrangement are that it is unnecessary to pass between
the carriages to couple, uncouple, or adjust the tension, and a great saving of time
is therefore effected in making up and shunting trains.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR OTHER DOORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Cunningham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1877.
JOHN WILLIAM CUNNINGHAM, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOCKS OR FASTENINGS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR OTHER DOORS."
This Invention relates to an improved lock or fastening for railway carriage or
other doors, and consists in an eccentric bolt or catch made in one piece with its
follower in the form of a lever, and with a curved or eccentric-shaped upper
edge in contact with which is an arm acted upon by a flat or other spring secured
to the back of the box.
The outer end of the bolt is formed with a bevilled tip or nose piece, which, when
the bolt is turned upwards by its handle, or (unfastened), is caught and retained
in that position by the bevilled projecting end of a spring catch attached to the
upper part of the box which projects forwards beyond the face of the same; upon
closing the door to which the lock is attached, the projecting end of the spring
catch strikes against the rebated edge of the striking plate, and releases the bolt,
which is then forced forward or locked by the spring acting on the curved or
eccentric edge of the bolt as before mentioned. By this means the handle of the
lock or bolt remains in an upright position, when the bolt is retained by the spring
catch, or the door “unfastened ;" and drops into a horizontal position when the bolt
is released or the door "fastened."
ROV
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Horsfall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1877.
WILLIAM HORSFALL, of Leeds, in the County of York, Smith.
IN HORSE-SHOES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention of improvements in horse-shoes has for its object to impart
increased adhesion or foothold on smooth and slippery roads by means of a com-
bination of metal and india-rubber or other elastic material. For this purpose I
form the metallic portion of the shoe with tapered recesses with thin bottoms which
will wear through rapidly; these recesses are widest at their upper parts. Within
the recesses so formed I fit the india-rubber or other elastic material, which by
reason of the tapered form of the recesses will be retained in place after the thin
metallic bottoms of the said recesses are worn away.
In producing the metallic parts of such shoes I use to a certain extent similar
machinery to that for which Letters Patent were granted to me and Mr. Arthur
Greenwood the 30th day of June 1874, No. 2260, and in the finishing or stamping
press I use one or more pairs of special dies for forming the recesses for the insertion
of the india-rubber or other elastic material, the rubber or elastic material being of
corresponding shapes to the recesses in the metallic parts of the shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR PROCESS FOR LIGHTING GAS LAMPS OR BURNERS BY ELECTRICITY, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexis Voisin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1877.
"
ALEXIS VOISIN, of No. 6, Rue St. Fargeau, Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR PROCESS FOR LIGHTING GAS LAMPS
OR BURNERS BY ELECTRICITY, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
"1
My Invention consists in lighting a gas burner of any form or shape and at any
distance by means of a platinum wire or ribbon slightly reddened by means of an
electric current.
To produce the current I employ by preference a battery in which I surround the
positive element (flat or curved) with a depolarizing body on which rests a suitable
porous substance holding an exciting liquid; I arrange the negative element in such
a manner that a mechanical movement is necessary to put it in contact with the
exciting liquid at the required moment. Any other suitable source of electricity
may be employed.
The battery placed as a fixture or arranged in a bandle, at the end of which is
placed the platinum wire, is put in action at the moment that this wire is thrust
into the current of gas, the action of the battery is stopped, and the wine is with-
drawn from the action of the flame as soon as the lighting has taken place.
The wire may be brought by the hand over the current of gas, or the burner
itself may be brought towards the platinum wire and cause the passage of the
current by its striking against a knob or button or other similar arrangement; or the
cock placed under the burner may be provided with wire suitably isolated and put
in communication with the current in such a manner that the moment the cock 18
opened the current passes and lights a small escape of gas produced by the move-
ment of the cock itself, and extinguished by following this same movement as soon
as the lighting of the burner is effected.
The escape may be placed at any suitable distance from the orifice, and the
communication of its flame with the gas jet may be facilitated if necessary by
forming an opening in the wire gauze or other basket interposed.

page_text: When the burner is at a great distance from the cock, an auxiliary pipe is
employed bringing the small escape near to the burner and platinum wire, and
I arrange near the cock a knob or button or other apparatus, opening at the same
time the electric circuit and the entry of the gas in the auxiliary pipe, then closing
them both immediately after the burner is lighted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAYONETS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Franklin Stevens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1877.
A com-
munication from abroad by Edmund Rice, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, United
States of America, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel of the United States Army.
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN STEVENS, of Trafalgar Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BAYONETS." A communication from abroad by Edmund Rice,
of Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel
of the United States Army.
This Invention consists in constructing bayonets with a blade shaped somewhat
similar to a bowie knife, but of sufficient width to serve as an intrenching tool, and
having one edge a cutting edge, whilst the other is either a cutting edge or pro-
vided with saw teeth, or made of a rounded or any other convenient form.
Bayonets constructed according to this Invention, in addition to their superiority
for cutting and thrusting, are well adapted for throwing up intrenchments and for
cutting brush and tent pins, and as tools for universal use in the camp or battle-
field.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Taylor and James Butler
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1877.
SAMUEL TAYLOR, of the Thorns, near Brierley Hill, in the County of Stafford,
Chain Manufacturer, and JAMES BUTLER, of Quarry Bank, in the same County,
Smith. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS."
"s
The object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described to construct a
single arm anchor, which shall be weldless, and be also as strong and certain in its
action or gripping powers as the double arm anchors now commonly used, but which
shall be constructed at a much less cost, by reason of the saving of labour and
material in its manufacture, as herein-after explained.
The shank of our improved anchor is at its upper end similar to anchors as now
generally made, but at its lower end it is opened out to the required degree so as to
allow the arm afterwards to pass through it.
We next provide the arm just mentioned, which in our improved anchor is single
instead of being double, and is not permanently attached to the shank, but is free
to swing therein by being hung upon a pin passing through the said shank at its
lower end, which said pin passes through the said arm at its upper end, and it is
thus so constructed that the said arm is allowed to move freely through the opening
in the shank before mentioned.
At the extreme upper or outward end of the said arm we insert or permanently
attach a second pin, which is caused to take into suitable stops formed at the lower
or outward end of the shank for the purpose of preventing the arm from passing
the required angle, and maintaining the position necessary to give the said arm its
required gripping power in holding the anchor in its anchorage. We also place a
suitable toggle or catch on each side of the upper end of the said arm for the
purpose of forcing the point of the arm downwards, and into the ground or
anchorage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Holt, Christopher James
Blenkhorn, and Alfred Staucliff at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 19th April 1877.
ELIJAH HOLT, Weaving Manager, CHRISTOPHER JAMES BLENKHORN, Mechanic,
and ALFRED STANCLIFF, Mechanic, all of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to the crank arms of looms for weaving, and the object is
to provide by improved apparatus, herein-after described, a ready means of
adjusting the brasses or necks of crank arms to the sweep of the crank, and a like
adjustment of the weaving parts connecting the other end of the crank arm to the
slay or sword arms, by which means compensation for wear is provided, and steady
working of cranks and slay or going part of the loom is ensured.
The interior parts of the arm, that is to say, the portions fitted to or in contact
with the inside brasses or necks, are connected to each other by means of a spindle,
one end of which is provided with a right-handed screw, the other end of the
spindle having a left-handed screw chased upon it, so that on the brasses or necks
of the crank sweep becoming worn, or the necks connected to the pin of the slay or
swords arms, a partial turn of the spindle referred to will bring the several parts
again into true relative positions. Bolts are employed for holding the portions of
the arm when ("set") and a single "strap" sufficies for arms having the screw
adjustment above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS FOR SECURING RAILWAY FISH PLATES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Addison Molyneux Potter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1877.
ADDISON MOLYNEUX POTTER, of Heaton, near Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the
County of the same name, Mining Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS FOR
SECURING RAILWAY FISH PLATES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in bolts for securing railway fish
plates for the purpose of preventing the nuts from becoming loose, caused by the
vibration of passing trains. For this purpose the bolt is made similar to an
ordinary railway fish plate bolt, but rather longer than usual. The end portion of
the screw thread is screwed left-handed, being just small enough in diameter to
allow the ordinary right-handed screw nut to pass over it. The larger right-handed
screw thread must terminate, so as when the nut is screwed tight up against the
fish plate the smaller nut may be screwed tightly up against the larger one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Webster, the younger, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1877.
WILLIAM WEBSTER, the younger, of Wyberton House, Lee, Kent, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS."
This Invention of improvements in miners' safety lamps consists,-
Firstly. In providing the lamp with two concentric cylinders of the usual wire
gauze for the sides, and in providing the upper and lower portions of the lamp
at the parts required for inlet or outlet with two parallel plates of gauze, the wire
gauze in all cases being separated by a small intervening air space.
Secondly. In a draft chimney of talc, which I adapt to any powerful petroleum
or oil burner.
•
It is well known that the ordinary Davy lamp is very defective in the amount of
light that it gives, and the usual contrivances to obviate this defect have been
adapting glass cylinders and bulls' eyes as part of the envelope, but all these cou-
trivances have proved defective and dangerous from the risk of fracture involved.
In my improvements I seek to increase the light, which I do by using any
powerful burner with the talc draft chimney above described. In this way I get
a very powerful light sufficient even to pass through the two cylinders of gauze
wire, and yet increase the light over the ordinary Davy in a remarkable degree. By
the double cylinder of gauze I also increase the safety of the lamp where currents
of inflammable air and gas might carry the flame of the burning gases through the
ordinary one cylinder of gauze.
In my lamp the explosive mixture can never even heat the outer cylinder, and
much greater security is acquired and a much higher illuminating power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GULLIES OR TRAPS FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS GASES FROM SEWERS AND DRAINS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Clegg Schofield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1877.
"
ISAAC CLEGG SCHOFIELD, of Elland, in the County of York, Cotton Warp Maker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GULLIES OR TRAPS FOR PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF NOXIOUS
GASES FROM SEWERS AND DRAINS."
This Invention relates to street gullies and connections with sewers and drains,
and the object is to so construct such apparatus aforesaid that the escape of noxious
gases from the sewers or drains shall be prevented irrespective of the presence of
water within the gully or "trap," and also to afford increased facility for cleansing
or removing obstructions from the connecting pipes of the gully and the sewer or
drain.
"
The "well or gully I construct either of brickwork or of iron, and (by preference)
circular in form, within which is received the "pan" in the form of an inverted
cone. The upper portion of the pan is provided with a flange and rim. The rim
rests upon a ring or packing of india-rubber, so preventing the escape of gas. The
lower portion of the conical pan is provided with a flap door, closed (after the
entrance of water to the gully) by means of a lever and adjustable counterbalance
weight, or by a spring. This flap door is likewise provided with gas-tight joint by
india-rubber seating. The escape of gases from the sewer by way of the tributary
pipes connecting the gully and the sewer is thus cut off. For cleaning out the
gully and the tributary pipes, or for the introduction of hose pipe for flushing the
sewer, it is only necessary to lift out the pan, whereon free access is afforded.
AN IMPROVED SLIDING EXPANDER FOR DINING TABLES, AND FOR OTHER ARTICLES OF HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, AND ALSO APPLICABLE FOR BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Henry Hale at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1877.
MATTHEW HENRY HALE, of 105, Rue Royale Sainte Marie, Brussels, Belgium.
"AN IMPROVED SLIDING EXPANDER FOR DINING TABLES, AND FOR OTHER ARTICLES
OF HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, AND ALSO APPLICABLE FOR BUILDINGS AND BRIDGES."
The said Invention consists of an appliance made of wood and iron, or other
metal, and is as described and shewn in the accompanying sketch.
Upon a sliding piece of wood (Fig. I.) is fixed a metal runner A, the upper and
lower edges of which are bevilled inwards (Fig. III.). Upon the other or opposite
sliding piece of wood (Fig. II.) are fixed two metal runners B, B. The under or
lower edge of the upper runner and the upper edge of the lower runner are bevilled
inwards, Fig. IV. The metal runner A, Fig. III. is introduced between the two
metal runners B, B, Fig. IV., and slides between them, as shewn in Fig. V. A metal
stop, or check, is fixed upon both ends of the wooden sliding pieces (C, Fig. I. & II.)
in order to prevent them from being drawn out too far, or to such an extent as to
separate them or draw them apart.
The number and lengths of the wooden sliding pieces and metal runners may be
extended or increased at pleasure, and indefinitely, as shewn in Fig. V.
I do not strictly confine myself to the above method of carrying my Invention
into effect, as modifications may be used; and in using these modifications, I do not
depart from the principle of the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO DOORS, WINDOWS, AND OTHER LIKE CLOSURES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1877. A communication
from abroad by John Arthur Chandor and Samuel Fry Ralston, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO DOORS,
WINDOWS, AND OTHER LIKE CLOSURES." A communication from abroad. by John
Arthur Chandor and Samuel Fry Ralston, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to an apparatus which may be readily affixed to a door,
window, or other closure for the purpose of sounding an alarm when an attempt is
made to open the same by any other than the rightful person.
The principal feature of the apparatus consists in the use of a cock or hammer,
which on an attempt being made to open the door or window (for example) is caused
to descend upon a cap in the form of a pastille of fulminate or other substance
possessing the same properties as fulminate, and thereby produce a slight explosion.
In carrying out this Invention the cock is pivotted on an axis secured to a small
plate having suitable projections, and it is provided at one extremity with a tail,
which bears on a spring, and at its other extremity is bent up at right angles, the
said bent extremity carrying a pin on which a notched arm is pivotted. The axis
on which the cock or hammer is pivotted also acts as a rivet for retaining in
position the covering plate which completes the apparatus, suitable holes being
provided through which the axis passes.
The apparatus may be fixed to the jamb of the door (for example) by means of a
wood screw having a looped head.
In setting the apparatus the bammer is cocked by pulling the notched arm until
its notch catches on or engages with a projection on the plate first mentioned, in
order to effect which it is necessary to cause the free end of the said arm to project
beyond the edge of the door jamb in front of the door frame. A small piece of
paper containing a pastille of fulminate or detonating powder is then placed on a

page_text: suitable projection on the plate situate beneath the hammer, and it will be impossible
to open the door without bringing the frame of the latter in contact with the said
arm, which will have the effect of releasing the hammer and causing it to
descend under the action of the spring with which it is provided and strike the
fulminate, thereby producing the explosion.
PROVEMENTS IN ACCOUNT AND MEMORANDUM BOOKS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Charles Kingston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1877.
SAMUEL CHARLES KINGSTON, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN ACCOUNT AND MEMORANDUM BOOKS."
"
IM-
The improvements consist in combining a special account or memorandum book,
or book answering the purpose, amongst others, of a banker's pass book, with a file
or clip for holding one or more banker's cheque books, alongside such account or
pass book, in such manner that said account and cheque book may be both carried
by and enveloped in the same cover, and afford a speedy and easy method of
registering all payments out or in by cheques or otherwise, and so that the party
when drawing a cheque can immediately enter and record the amount.
The improvements are to be performed by binding in a book or leaves, in one
part of the back of a cover, and in the same back, but alongside the book so
bound, placing a clip or holder, with a guard the same depth as the leaves in the
book so bound, so that when a cheque book is introduced on the clip, and such cheque
book is not as thick as the bound or account book. The guard keeps the whole
cover in proper position, and enables cheque books of varying sizes to be used.
The bound book I prefer to make for memoranda on one side of a page, and for
double entry on the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CHANNELLING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cutlan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1877.
JOHN CUTLAN, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CHANNELLING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
The object of this Invention is to produce a machine suitable for the so-called
channelling of soles for boots and shoes, that is forming a recess for the thread to lie
in and bevelling the edge of the sole parallel therewith.
The frame of the machine has an upper revolving and a lower revolving spindle
parallel with one another or nearly so, and actuated by suitable gearing. The
upper spindle is in a frame pivotted at one end to the main frame, and adjustable
relatively thereto by a regulating screw or nut and spring appliance for determining
minutely the required depth of the recess in the sole; the upper spindle carries at
the other or outer end a wheel with serrated face, which serves to guide the sole
while passing under it through the machine. To the pivoted frame is jointed or
connected a lever or lever frame carrying a knife, which, as the sole passes through
the machine, cuts the recess therein at one side; another knife acts similarly at the
other side, and is adjustably fixed in the pivoted frame; the position of this knife
is regulated by screw and spring appliance.
Another knife or cutter is fixed in an adjustable bracket connected to the framing
of the machine, and serving to cut the bevel along the edge.
The sole rests on a revolving table which serves as a feeder, and is supported by
adjustable spring appliance. This table is preferably made with bevelled face and
placed in an oblique direction; it is mounted on a spindle having its bearing in a
frame pivoted to the main frame, and so connected to a treadle that it can be
raised, more or less (but of course in a very minute degree, according to different
thicknesses of sole), to hold the sole up to its work.
The revolving table is actuated by bevel or other gearing from the lower spindle
of the machine; a slot is formed in the driving pinion therefor, in order to allow it
to move on its spindle for widening the recess during the operation if so required,
moving therewith the revolving table and its frame together with an adjustable
lateral guide for the sole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Martin Peterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1877.
BENJAMIN MARTIN PETERSEN, of Mark Lane, London, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENINGS FOR STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
The object of this Invention is to render studs, solitaires, and other similar
articles more convenient and useful to the wearer than hitherto, and so that one
or more thicknesses of material may be readily passed over the stem or shank
thereof.
To carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-At the back of a metal base
plate of any suitable size and shape I attach by soldering, rivetting, or otherwise
a flat horizontal metal spring; such spring is acted upon by the stem attached to
the top of the stud, solitaire, or other similar article, which top is made inovable in
the following manner:--Formed on or attached to the front of the metal plate is a
suitable hollow socket provided with a steel or other metal lining of a corresponding
shape, such lining having a spiral slit or worn formed therein. Into such spiral
slit or worm a small metal knob or projection formed on the stem of the top of the
stud towards its base enters; upon such stem being forced into the hollow socket,
and upon turning the top of the stud to the right, such knob or projection at once
locks into such spiral slit or worm, and so firmly secures the stud in position.
When the top of the stud is so forced into the socket as just described, the lower
extremity of the stem thereof passing through a suitable orifice conveniently
formed in the base plate presses against the flat horizontal metal spring first men-
tioned, thus causing it to expand sufficiently to afford ease and convenience to the
wearer.
To impart additional elasticity to the spring, when desired, I make two straight
slits on either side of the socket attached to the metal base plate, thus forming
therein two metal tongues, and to the two extremities of such metal tongues I
attach the flat horizontal metal spring before described. By so doing when any
extreme tension is put upon the spring itself such metal tongues are caused to yield
and so give further pliancy and play to the spring.
To release the stud it is only necessary to press down the top thereof, and then
turn it to the left, when the knob or projection sliding out of the spiral slit or
worm before described becomes free, and the top can thus at once be liberated,

page_text: It is obvious that this arrangement may be varied, and that the stud may be
made to fasten and unfasten by turning the top in the reverse directions to those
just mentioned.
One of the chief features of my Invention is the employment and arrangement of
a flat horizontal metal spring at the back of the base plate of the stud, solitaire, or
other similar article in the manner before described.
MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOOR LOCKS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Israel Morris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1877.
ISRAEL MORRIS, of Bloxwich, in the County of Stafford, Engineer.
MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER DOOR LOCKS."
" IMPROVE-
These locks as now usually made are provided with a friction roller, and this
roller is fixed in a lever, which acts upon the bolt.
The before-mentioned roller must necessarily be very small, and in consequence,
after a little wear, it is found that it is very liable to cease to revolve by reason of
its becoming locked, and thus considerable wear to the parts is caused.
My improvements consist in constructing the locks specified in the title without
rollers, but provided with a prop or connecting piece between the spring and the
bolt, which is technically known as a reeler.
The spring in my improved lock is caused to press against the free end of this
reeler, the other end of the said reeler being attached to the head of the bolt by
being hung on a pin passed through the said head, and which thus constitutes a
moveable axis on which the said reeler may work, it being so attached to the head
of the bolt, that by means of the spring pressure provided, the bolt will securely
remain in either a locked or unlocked position.
The free end of the reeler, which, as will be understood, comes in contact with the
spring, is held in position by a suitable notch made in the said spring; or in the
case of locks where a lever is employed, by a notch provided in the end of the said
lever,
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BUOYING HORSES IN WATER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1877. A communication
from abroad by Feodor de Zubovits, of Vienna, Austria, Lieutenant of the
Royal First Honved Hussars.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BUOYING HORSES
IN WATER." A communication from abroad by Feodor de Zubovits, of Vienna,
Austria, Lieutenant of the Royal First Honved Hussars.
This Invention has for its object the buoying up of horses in water, thereby
enabling mounted horses to swim wide expanses of water, and is more especially
designed for enabling mounted cavalry, fully equipped, to cross streains and
rivers.
In carrying this Invention into practise it is preferred to use two air-tight bags,
one of which is fastened to cach side of the horse.
It is preferred to make these bags of india-rubber, as usual in the manufacture of
ordinary life preservers. Each bag or sack may be of rectangular form, and about
three feet long, and eighteen inches high, and provided at the top and bottom with
straps and buckles for attachment. Å suitable tube is arranged on each bag to
enable it to be inflated when required, and any suitable means may be employed for
closing this tube when the bag has been inflated.
For riders not practised in the use of these bags a non-inflateable space may be
arranged in them for the reception of the thighs of the rider. In this con-
struction the inflateable part of each bag will be divided into two parts, each
of which will have to be inflated separately unless connected together by a tube.
When out of use the bags may be emptied of air and folded up and strapped to
the saddle.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE FROM FIRE, ALSO DESIGNED FOR USE IN BUILDING, PAINTING, CLEANING WINDOWS, LOWERING BOATS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edouard Matthyssens and Georges de
Bassompierre at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January
1877. A communication from abroad by Theodore Leysen, of Brussels.
EDOUARD MATTHYSSENS and GEORGES DE BASSOMPIERRE, both of Brussels, Belgium,
now of 8, Southampton Buildings, London "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SAVING
LIFE FROM FIRE, ALSO DESIGNED FOR USE IN BUILDING, PAINTING, CLEANING
WINDOWS, LOWERING BOATS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES" A communication
from abroad by Theodore Leysen, of Brussels, aforesaid
The object of this Invention is to provide simple and efficient means of escape
from burning houses and other structures, and it is also applicable for building,
painting, and other similar work, and for the lowering of ships' boats, for descent
into mines, and for other like purposes
The said apparatus consists of a rope, a picco of iron, brass, or other suitable
metal or other material formed with a series of holes through which the rope passes,
a belt to be passed around the body of the person using it, and a hook to be secured
in any convenient part of a house or other building to suspend or support the said
rope.
The piece of metal or other material which we call a brake is formed with a
series of holes through it, which holes are so arranged that the rope can be passed
through them in and out in such a manner that the person descending by the said
apparatus can regulate the speed of the descent
The said belt may be of canvas or other suitable material, and is so made as to
be readily attached to the body of the person using it
The said brake may be kept attached to the rope, or may be formed to be carried
in the pocket, and applied to the rope when the apparatus is to be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF THE ESCAPE OF SEWER GAS INTO HOUSES AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Cole Bowen Hornibrook
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1877.
JOHN HENRY COLE BOWEN HORNIBROOK, of Reigate, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer to the Corporation of Reigate. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREVENTION OF
THE ESCAPE OF SEWER GAS INTO HOUSES AND BUILDINGS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the prevention of the escape
of sewer gas into houses and buildings.
The question of house drainage has for some years past occupied the attention
of many persons, and various means have been devised, with more or less success, to
prevent the ingross of noxious gases into dwelling houses, and to afford facilities for
the ventilation and inspection of the drains.
It has been proved beyond doubt that the only remedy against the ingress of
these deadly gases into our dwellings is by wholly disconnecting the drains before
they enter the houses; this I effect in the following manner:-I lead the lower end
of the soil pipe from a house directly into a channel with rapid fall which leads to
a syphon tap, the channel is at the top open freely to the outer air, a pipe or shaft
being carried up from it to the ground level and being covered over at the top with
an open grating; this pipe or shaft is divided into two by a central transverse
partition, by preference of galvanized iron; at the lower part of this partition is
a hinged flap which opens freely to allow whatever flows from the soil pipe to pass
downwards to the trap and then again closes; thus should any foul gases pass back
through the trap, they will simply enter a shaft open freely to the outer air. At
the same time I provide a ventilating pipe at the top of the soil pipe, and as its
lower end is likewise open to the air through the open channel it will be con-
tinuously ventilated. The trap to which the channel leads is made more effectual
than those ordinarily in use by the great depth of immersion of its diaphragm and
capacity of holding water, at the same time that it is made capable of a rapid
discharge.
The outlet from the trap may either be connected by a pipe directly with the
main drain, or wherever there is a sufficient distance between the house or building
and the boundary of the premises, I prefer that the pipe leading from the trap
should conduct to a second trap before entering the drain, and I provide an air inlet

page_text: .
M, junction for air shaft.
Another advantage which this system of diainage affords is that if it is thought
advisable to disinfect the drain where any contagious disease exists, or has been in
a bouse, it can be most effectually accomplished by placing a vessel with tap con-
taining a disinfectant near the open air channel at the head of the drain, and the
flow into the channel can be regulated at will; this would then neutralize any 3
injurious properties accompanying the discharge from a sick chamber, and would
also disinfect the whole of the drain between the house and the public sewer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd June 1877.
JOHN SMITH, of Kynsal Lodge, Audlem, in the County of Chester, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN.'
"
In the manufacture of cheese great difficulty is experienced in separating the
whey from the curd without great loss of time, and without undue heat. Now my
Invention consists in effecting the separation of the whey from the curd in a few
minutes' time, and without artificial heat, whereby a great amount of manual labour
is saved, and good results produced.
When the milk has been curded in the usual manner it is placed in boxes with
perforated sides, which are put into the compartments of a centrifugal machine,
each box containing a spiked roller to keep the curd open.
When the machine is at work the whey is thrown off by the centrifugal force
and collected in a suitable receptacle, while the curd remains in the boxes above
referred to, from which it is taken to the presses in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENT CORDINGS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Goodjer Garrard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1877.
JOHN GOODJER GARRARD, of Waterford Road, Fulham, in the County of Middle-
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TENT CORDINGS."
sex.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in tent cordings whereby the
wear and tear resulting at present from the expansion or contraction caused by
atmospheric changes is much reduced, and the said cordings always kept equally
tight in wet or dry weather; also effectually relieving the canvas from excessive strain.
The following is the manner I propose to construct tent cordings according to
this Invention:-At each end of the double cordings and at that part where the
said cordings are connected to the tent, or at their junction with the single cording,
I attach an appendage composed of india-rubber or other spring of any suitable
length or shape, furnished at each extremity with an eyelet for connecting it to the
cordings.
The object of this india-rubber or other spring appendage is as follows:-When
(by reason of atmospheric changes) the cordings shrink or expand, thereby putting
extra strain on the pegs and canvas, or slacking the said cordings, the appendage
will expand or contract, and thus always keep a regular tension between the tent
and the pegs. This mode of constructing tent cordings may also be applied to all
structures made of canvas and exposed to the influence of the weather.
In certain cases the whole of the tent cording may be made of an elastic material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEDICATED WOOLS OR FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Bernard Doering at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1877.
FREDERICK BERNARD DOERING, of Westminster Chambers, in the City of West-
minster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MEDICATED
WOOLS OR FIBRES."
The object of my Invention is to manufacture wools or fibres so that they shall be
both inedicated and absorbent.
The material known as chloralum wool and some other medicated fibres manu-
factured for example in the manner described in the Specification of Messrs.
Gamgee and Maitland's Letters Patent dated 24 Dec. 1870, No. 3367, are not
absorbent. On the other hand absorbent wool and other absorbent fibres cannot be
rendered medicated by means of chloralun, carbolic acid, and some other deodorants
or disinfectants without losing their absorbent property. Now my Invention con-
sists in intermingling by carding or otherwise various medicated wools or fibres
with absorbent wools or fibres, so that one or more medicated fibres or filaments
shall be in contact with one or more absorbent fibres or filaments throughout the
fabric; thus while the absorbent fibres absorb liquids from a wound, sore, or other
place to which the combined wool or fibre may be applied, the medicated fibres
deodorize or disinfect the liquid so absorbed.
The manner in which the manufacture of the combined or intermingled medicated
and absorbent wool or fibre may be advantageously carried out is to feed a lap of
the medicated fibre and a lap of the absorbent fibre one above the other to a carding
engine; the two laps will become intermingled by the carding process without the
deodorant or disinfectant in the medicated fibres depriving the absorbent fibres of
their absorbent property.
The medicated fibres and the absorbent fibres may be mixed together in equal
proportions or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Simon at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 27th November 1877. (A communication froin
abroad by Sigmund Schuckert, of No. 20, Kaiser Strasse, Nürnberg, Germany.)
LOUIS SIMON, of Wilford Road Works, in the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES." (A
communication from abroad by Sigmund Schuckert, of No. 20, Kaiser Strasse,
Nürnberg, Germany.)
This Invention relates to a new arrangement for producing a number of magnetic
fields, across which a conductor of electricity is moved, whereby electricity is gene-
rated in said conductor; also in the employment of an iron ring of special construc-
tion in the revolving armature. The latter is made out of a number of sheet-iron
rings, which are magnetically insulated from each other, which serves to save power
and prevent over warming of the ring during working, because in these single sheet-
iron rings of but little volume the pole changing going on with less resistance the
remaining magnetism is more easily destroyed than in a solid iron ring.
In the new arrangement of producing magnetic fields a much larger portion of the
conductor is brought under the influence of the magnetic fields than is the case in
"Gramme's" machine, in which only that part of the conductor which covers the
outside of the ring is brought in the magnetic field, leaving the inside useless for
generating electricity.
The above is accomplished by making the iron ring 8, n, as in the accompanying
Drawings, Figures 1 and 2.
The electro-magnets M, M³, are provided with segmental formed iron pieces,
which represent the poles, N, N', being north poles, S, S', the south poles. The
iron rings (or circular armatures) between them get in consequence opposite polarity,
the whole arrangement forming thus 4 magnetic fields between N, 8, 8, N¹, S', n,
and n, S, of high intensity, across which the conductor copper wire wound about the
iron ring is moved during the action of the machine, and thus electricity is induced
n said copper wire.

page_text: The induced currents between N, 8, and 8, N¹, are in one direction, and add them-
selves, also those induced between S, n, and n, S¹. The generated currents on the
upper part of the ring above the neutral line o, o, (Figure 1) are opposite to those
generated below that line, and would neutralise each other; to prevent this, and
utilise them, they are collected near the neutral points o, o, by metallic bushes b
touching the cylinder R, which consists of a number of insulated metallic pieces,
each one connected with a conducting wire coming from the revolving armature.