IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BATTING OR WADDING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, of the
United Patent Offices, 16, Castle Street, Holborn, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BATTING OR
WADDING." A communication.
Sealed the 15th July 1853, and dated the 17th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 17th January 1853.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of the United Patent
Offices, 16, Castle Street, Holborn, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BATTING OR 'WADDING" to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention consists in making batting or wadding,
to be used for upholstery and for all other purposes, by covering both
sides of a layer or sheet or layers or sheets of cotton, or other fibrous
material that has been merely well picked, cleaned, and spread with
layers of the same or other fibrous material that has been carded and
rendered compact. The object of this mode of combining the carded
and uncarded material is to form a bat which will hold together with

page_text: sufficient strength, and, by reason of the fibres in the middle layer or
layers being crossed, is more elastic than if composed entirely of carded
material, and which can be produced by a shorter and therefore less
expensive process.
The second part of the Invention relates to the manner of arranging
and combining the several parts of a train in machinery for producing
the article forming the subject of the first part of the Invention. It is
proper to observe, that in the individual parts of this machinery there
is nothing essentially new, the improvement consisting solely in their
arrangement and combined operation as herein-after described.
The third part of the Invention consists in uniting two or more bats
or layers of cotton batting by means of any glazing material, thereby pro-
ducing a new article of manufacture, which may be made of any desired
thickness, and which it is proposed. to term "cotton felt."
.The fourth part of the Invention relates to certain apparatus em-
ployed for ironing the bats or layors of batting previously to applying
the glazing material, for applying the said material for uniting the
several bats or layers together, and for drying and purifying. the same
by one continuous operation.
The manufacture of wadding or batting, and the junction of several
bats or layers of the same by glazing material, together with the drying
and purifying, may be carried out on two floors of the same establish-
ment, in which case the machinery for making the wadding or batting
may be placed on one floor, and the apparatus for preparing, glazing,
uniting, drying, and purifying on the floor above.
Fig. 1, in the accompanying Drawing is a longitudinal elevation,
partly sectional, of the entire machinery and apparatus required to carry
out this Invention;. Fig, 2, is a side view, showing single layer of
cotton felt produced by uniting two bats or sheets of wadding by the
glazing material; and Fig. 8 shows several bats or layers united in.
the same manner. A, A, Figures 1, are two carding engines placed the
latter in advance of the former, from each of which the carded cotton a
shown of a red color, is delivered on a endless apron B, which moves in
the direction of the arrows shown above it. The two layers. a, a, are
intended to form the bottom face of the bat
and receive the layer of

page_text: uncarded cotton which is supplied to the apron C, of a lapping machine,
being conducted by the feed rolls b, b, to the revolving beater D, by
which it is thrown to the cage cylinder E, which carries it round to be
compressed by the roller. F. This operation is repeated a second time
by the beater D¹, cage cylinder E', and compressing roller F, and the
lap is delivered by the feed rolls c, c, to a cylinder G, clothed with
coarse card, and carried upwards by it into contact with a small re-
volving, beater D, which beat back the motes or impurities into a small
pan e. The cotton is stripped from the-card cylinder G; by a cylinder
of brushes H, which is placed in advance of and revolves at a faster
speed than the former, and are thrown forward, on the cage cylinder I,
between which and the compressive cylinder J, it is again pressed and
formed into a lap, and afterwards delivered by the feed rolls c¹, ¿¹; to
have the latter part of the operation repeated by a card cylinder G¹,
beater, brushes H', cage cylinder I', and compressive. cylinder J,
from which it is delivered at f, in the form of a well spread lap, free
from impurities, upon the layers of carded cotton a, a, on the endless
apron B, to form the centre layer of the bat. The layers a, a, and the
lap received upon them, are carried by the apron B, under the two
carding engines A", A, placed in advance of the last described ma-
chinery, the latter engine being in advance of the former, and each
carding engine deposits, a layer a', of carded cotton upon the lap of
uncarded cotton, thus forming the upper face of the bat. After the
deposit of the last layer the combined layers are carried upwards by
the endless apron B, to the compressive cylinder K, round which they
pass in contact with the steam cylinder L; by which they are matted
together, and the surfaces of the bat so formed are ironed ready for
glazing. The bat, after being ironed, passes in contact with the glazing
cylinder which revolves in the glazing material contained in the
trough M, and carries it up against the bat, which, thus glazed, passes
round the steam cylinder N, coming in contact with the unglazed part
of the bat, which has made a revolution through the oven O, previous
to the glazing cylinder g, being set in operation; the glazed' and
unglazed parts of the bats thus coming in contact, pass under the
.

page_text: compressive cylinder P, which unites the two together by means of the
glazing material, which is applied in such a way as to produce a centre
glazing, when the bats are so united together as shown in Fig. 2, in
which, l, show the bats or layers of batting, and m, the glazing
material which unites them.
The next operation is that of drying, which is performed by passing
it to the back end of the oven O, on the endless apron Q, thence up to
the second apron R, which returns it to the front or open end of the
oven, to be either broken down and run out, or to be returned back to
receive another layer, and so on at pleasure, unitill several layers are
united, as shown in Fig. 3, and a sufficient thickness is obtained. The
oven is heated by the steam pipes h, h, or any other convenient means,
and is furnished with a flue S, leading to the main stack or chimney T,
of the building, where the operation is carried on for the purpose of
drawing off the evaporation, and at the same time increasing the cir-
culation of hot air through it. By this process any desirable thickness
of fabric may be produced at one operation, even to form mattresses,
cushions, et cetera, and the fibres of the cotton are exposed to the
direct action of the hot air, thereby exhausting the vegetable oil, and
rendering it more wiry and clastic, and at the same time the hot air
tends to purify the fibres of cotton to a great extent. Matttresses,
cushions, et cetra may be made at a small expense, and of extreme
durability.
The train of machinery, commencing with the carding engine A, and
ending either at the ironing cylinder L, or at the glazing apparatus,
may be employed for making batting, without converting the same
into cotton felt, by glazing and uniting the sheets together, and almost
any fibrous material may be used for the purpose; but the process of
uniting by glazing is only intended to be applied when the material
employed is cotton.

page_text: material that has been merely well picked, cleaned, and spread with
layers of the same or any other fibrous material that has been carded,
as hercin fully described.
2nd. The manner of arranging and combining the machinery for
making batting or wadding, consisting of one or more carding engines
at each end of the train, with lapping and cleaning machinery between,
substantially as shown in the Drawing and described.
3rd. Uniting two or more layers of cotton batting together by means
of any glazing material, thereby producing the new article of manufac-
ture herein termed cotton felt.
4th. The apparatus shown in the Drawing, and fully described, for
the purpose of ironing and glazing the bats, compressing them together,
and drying the fabric formed by their junction at one continuous
operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th July 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of the United Patent Offices,
16, Castle Street, Holborn, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
Her special licence that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bellford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel, Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention, communicated to me by a foreigner residing

page_text: abroad, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BATTING OR WADDING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Auguste Edouard
Loradoux Bellford, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the sanie to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE,. that I, the said Auguste Edouard Loradoux
Bellford, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, and the Drawings
hereunto annexed (that is to say):
The first part of this Invention consists in making batting or wadding,
to be used for upholstery and for all other purposes, by covering both
sides of a layer or sheet or layers or sheets of cotton, or other
fibrous material that has been merely well picked, cleaned, and spread
with layers of the same or other fibrous material that has been carded
and rendered compact. The object of this mode of combining the carded
and uncarded material is to form a bat which will hold together with
sufficient strength, and, by reason of the fibres in the middle layer or
layers being crossed, is more elastic than if composed entirely of carded
material, and which can be produced by a shorter and therefore less
expensive process.
The second part of the Invention relates to the manner of arranging
and combining the several parts. of a train of machinery for producing
the article forming the subject of the first part of the Invention. It is
proper to observe, that in the individual parts of this machinery there
is nothing essentially new, the improvement consisting solely in their
arrangement and combined operation as herein-after described.
The third part of the Invention consists in uniting two or more bats
or layers of cotton batting by means of any glazing material, thereby
producing a new article of manufacture which may be made of any
desired thickness, and-which it is proposed to term "cotton felt.".
The fourth part of the Invention relates-to certain apparatus employed

page_text: for ironing the bats or layers of batting previously to applying the glazing.
material, for applying the said material for uniting the several bats or
layers together, and for drying and purifying the same by one con-
tinuous operation.
The manufacture of wadding or batting, and the junction of several
bats or layers of the same by glazing material, together with the drying
and purifying, may be carried out on two floors of the same establish
ment, in which case the machinery for making the wadding or batting
may be placed on one floor, and the apparatus for preparing, glazing,
miting, drying, and purifying on the floor above.
Fig. 1, in the accompanying Drawing is a longitudinal elevation, partly
sectional, of the entire machinery and apparatus required to carry out
this Invention. Fig. 2, is a side view, showing a single layer of cotton
felt produced by uniting two bats or sheets of wadding by the glazing
material. Fig. 3, shows several bats or layers united in the same
manner. A, A', Fig. 1, are two carding engines placed the latter in
advance of the former, from each of which the carded cotton a, shown
of a red color, is delivered on an endless apron B, which moves in the
lirection of the arrows shown above it. The two layers a, a, are intended
to form the bottom face of the bat, and receive the layer of uncarded c...ton.
which is supplied to the apron C, of a lapping machine, being conducted
by the feed rolls b, b, to the revolving beater D, by which it is thrown to
.the cage cylinder E, which carries it round to be compressed by the
roller F. This operation is represented second time by the beater D';
cage cylinder E, and compressing roller E', and the lap is delivered by
the. feed rolls C, C, to a cylinder G, clothed with coarse card, and carried
upwards by it into contact with a small revolving beater d, which beats
back the motes or impurities into a small pan e. The cotton is stripped
from the card cylinder G, by a cylinder of brushes H, which is placed
in advance of and revolves at a faster-speed than the foriner, and are
thrown forward on the cage cylinder I, between which and the compres-
sive cylinder J, it is again-pressed and formed into a lap, and afterwards
delivered by the feed rolls c', c', to have the latter part of the operation
repeated by a card cylinder G', beater d', brushes H, cage cylinder I¹
and compressive cylinder J', froin which it is delivered at f; in the form

page_text: of a well spread lap, free from impurities, upon the layers of carded
cotton a, a, on the endless apron B, to form the centre layer of the bat.
The layers a, a, and the lap received upon them, are carried by the
apron B, under the two carding engines A", A", placed in advance of
the last described machinery, the latter engine being in advance of the
former, and each carding engine deposits a layer a', of carded cotton
upon the lap of uncarded cotton, thus forming the upper face of the bat.
After the deposit of the last layer the combined layers are carried
upwards by the endless apron B, to the compressive cylinder K, round
which they pass in contact with the steam cylinder L, by which they are
matted together, and the surfaces of the bat so formed are ironed ready
for glazing. The bat, after being ironed, passes in contact with the
glazing cylinder g, which revolves in the glazing material contained in
the trough M, and carries it up against the bat, which, thus glazed,
passes round the steam cylinder N, coming in contact with the unglazed
part of the bat, which has made a revolution through the oven O, previous
to the glazing cylinder g, being set in operation; the glazed and unglazed
parts of the bat thus coming in contact pass under the compressive cylin-
der P, which unites the two together by means of the glazing material,
which is applied in such a way as to produce a centre glazing, when the
bats are so united together, as shown in Fig. 2, in which 1, 1, show the bats
or layers of batting, and m, the glazing material which unites them.
The next operation is that of drying, which is performed by passing it
to the back end of the oven O, on the endless apron Q, thence up to
the second apron R, which returns it to the front or open end of the
oven, to be either broken down and run out, or to be returned back to
receive another layer, and so on at pleasure, until several layers are
united, as shown in Fig. 3, and a sufficient thickness is obtained. The
oven is heated by the steam pipes h, h, or any other convenient
means, and is furnished with a flue S, leading to the main stack or
chimney T, of the building where the operation is carried on, for the
purpose of drawing off the evaporation, and at the same time increasing
the circulation of hot air through it. By this process any desirable
thickness of fabric may be produced at one operation, even to form
nattresses, cushions, et cetera, and the fibres of the cotton are exposed

page_text: to the direct action of the hot air, thereby exhausting the vegetable oil,
and rendering it more wiry and elastic, and at the same time the hot air
tends to purify the fibres of cotton to a great extent. Mattresses, cushions,
et cetera, may be made at a small expence, and of extreme durability.
The train of machinery communicating with the carding engine A,
and cuding either at the ironing cylinder L, or at the glazing apparatus,
may be employed for making batting without converting the same into
cotton felt, by glazing and uniting the sheets together, and almost any
fibrous material may be used for the purpose; but the process of uniting
by glazing is only intended to be applied when the material employed
is cotton.
I claim First, making batting or wadding for all purposes by
covering both sides of a layer or sheet or layers or sheets of cotton or
other fibrous material that has been merely well picked, cleaned, and
spread with layers of the same or any other fibrous material that has
been carded, as herein fully described.
Secondly, the manner of arranging and combining the machinery for
making batting or wadding, consisting of one or more carding engines
at each end of the train, with lapping and cleaning machinery between,
substantially as shown in the Drawing and described.
Thirdly, uniting two or more layers of cotton batting together by
means of any glazing material, thereby producing the new article of
manufacture bercin termed "cotton felt."
Fourthly, the apparatus shown in the Drawing, and fully described,
for the purpose of ironing and glazing the bats, compressing them
together, and drying the fabric formed by their junction at one con-
tinuous operation.
In witness whereof, I, the said. Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day
of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-three.
A. E. L. BELLFORD. (L.S.)