IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ILLUMINATING OBJECTS BENEATH THE SURFACE OF WATER, OR FOR GIVING LIGHT IN MINES, AND OTHER PLACES WHERE COMBUSTIBLE OR EXPLOSIVE GASES EXIST
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edwin Heinke, of Great Portland Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Submarine Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ILLUMINATING OBJECTS BENEATH THE SURFACE
OF WATER, OR FOR GIVING LIGHT IN MINES, AND OTHER PLACES WHERE
COMBUSTIBLE OR EXPLOSIVE GASES EXIST."
Sealed the 27th January 1857, and dated the 24th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Edwin Heinke
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th November 1856.
1, CHARLES EDWIN HEINKE, of Great Portland Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Submarine Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ILLUMINATING OBJECTS BENEATH THE
SURFACE OF WATER, OR FOR GIVING LIGHT IN MINES, AND OTHER PLACES WHERE
COMBUSTIBLE OR EXPLOSIVE GASES EXIST;" to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention of improved apparatus for illuminating objects
beneath the surface of the water, or for giving light in mines, and other places
where combustible.or explosive gases exist, is, first, to supply the lamps em-
ployed for giving light with air to support combustion, and also to carry off' the
smoke, carbonic acid, and other products of combustion; and, second, to adapt
thereto reflectors, condensers, or lenses which will throw the light of the lamp
in the required direction.
The object of my Invention is effected by placing the lamp (which may be

page_text: of any suitable construction provided it gives a considerable amount of light)
within a double cylindrical or other conveniently shaped casing, which is pro-
vided with an annular chamber or space, formed by placing ono casing of
smaller diameter within another of larger diameter. These two casings or
cylinders are secured to a hollow bottom or foot, which communicates with the
annular space between the cylinders by means of a series of holes or per-
forations made at the bottom of the annular space and in the top of the hollow
foot or bottom of the apparatus. Air is supplied from above the surface of
the water or ground by means of a suitable air pump, fan, bellows, or other
apparatus through a hose or pipe into the annular space, and passes from
thence down through the holes or apertures below into the space in the hollow
bottom or foot of the apparatus, and from thence up through another lot of
holes or perforations in the top plate of the bottom or foot to the interior of
the apparatus, where the lamp is suspended in a ring, or in any other convenient
mauner.
The top of the apparatus is dome-shaped, and is provided with a funnel or
trumpet, which will carry off the products of combustion from the lamp, and
conduct them from the apparatus to a hose or pipe attached to the upper part
thereof, and reaching to the surface of the water or to the external atmosphere.
The lamp is provided with one or more reflectors for throwing the light for-
wards in a horizontal direction through large openings inade in the sides of
the casings surrounding the lamp, and in which openings are fitted large con-
densing lenses for collecting and concentrating the rays of light, as in a magic
lantern.
The apparatus is suspended from above by means of a rope, cord, or chain,
attached to a bail or other contrivance, secured to the upper part of the outer
casing, and when the apparatus is in use, either for submarine operations or
for illuminating beneath the surface of the ground, as in mines, I find it con-
venient to connect the fresh-air pipe and the foul-air pipe together, so as to
form only one hose; or the fresh air may pass down a pipe contained in
another pipe which carries off the foul air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Edwin Heinke in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES 3
EDWIN HEINEE, of Great Portland Street, in the County of Middlesex, Sub-
marine Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Edwin Heinke, Her special license that I, the said Charles
Edwin Heinke, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, tho said Charles Edwin Heinke, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ILLUMINATING OBJECTS BENEATH THE SURFACE OF
WATER, OR FOR GIVING LIGHT IN MINES, AND OTHER PLACES WHERE COMBUSTIBLE
OR EXPLOSIVE GASES EXIST," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Edwin Heinke, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Edwin Heinke, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and tho
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
The object of my Invention of improved apparatus for illuminating objects
beneath the surface of the water, or for giving light in mines, and other places
where combustible or explosive gases exist, consists,-
First, in a novel or improved mode of supplying the lamps employed for
giving light with air to support combustion, and also of carrying off the
smoke, carbonic acid, and other products of combustion.
And my Invention consists, secondly, in adapting to such lamps reflectors,
condensers, or lenses which will throw the light of the lamp with great
intensity and brilliancy in the required direction.
The first of these objects is effected by placing the lamp (which may be of
any suitable construction provided it gives a considerable amount of light)
within a double cylindrical or other conveniently shaped casing, which is
provided with an annular chamber or space, formned by placing one casing of
smaller diameter within another of larger diameter, leaving an annular space

page_text: between the two cylinders. These two casings or cylinders aro secured to a
hollow bottom or foot, which communicates with the annular space between the
cylinders by means of a series of holes or perforations made at the bottom of
the annular space and in the top of the hollow foot or bottom of the apparatus.
Air is supplied from above the surface of the water or ground by means of a
suitable air pump, fan, bellows, or other apparatus whereby air may be forced
through a hose or pipe into the annular space, and made to pass from thenco
down through the holes or apertures below into the space in the hollow bottom
or foot of the apparatus, and from thence up through another lot of holes or
perforations in the bottom or foot to the interior of the apparatus where the
The top of the apparatus is
lamp is suspended in any convenient manner.
dome-shaped, and is provided with a funnel or trumpet, which will carry off' the
products of combustion from the lamp, and conduct them from the apparatus to a
hose or pipe attached to the upper part thereof, and reaching to the surface of
the water or to the external atmosphere. The lamp is provided with one or
more reflectors for throwing the light through large openings made in the
casings surrounding the lamp, and in which openings are fitted large condens-
ing lenses for collecting and concentrating the rays of light, as in a magic
lantern.
The apparatus is suspended from above by means of a rope, cord, or chain
attached to a bail, hooks or eyes, or other contrivance, secured to the upper part
of the outer casing, and when the apparatus is in use, either for submarino
operations or for illuminating beneath the surface of the ground, as in mines,
I find it convenient to connect the fresh-air pipe and the foul-air pipe together,
so as to form only one hose; or the fresh air may pass down a pipe contained
in another pipe which carries off the foul air.
Fig. 1 in tho accompanying Drawings is an external elevation of a sub-
marine lamp constructed according to my improvements; Fig. 2 is a vertical
section of the same, shewing the arrangement of the internal parts. The casing
or body of the same I prefer to make of sheet copper, and it is composed of
two cylinders a and b, placed concentrically, one within the other, so as to
leave an annular space c between them. The foot of the lamp is composed
of the same material, and is also made hollow, as seen at d, d, Fig. 2. The
internal part of the hollow foot is perforated with small holes, as scon at c, e
for the purpose of admitting air from the annular space c to the interior of
tho lamp. The casing has any convenient number of condensing lenses fitted
to suitable openings made in the casing, as shewn at f, f, f, and if required
reflectors may be adapted in such a manner to the lamp as to throw the light
through the condensing lenses. It will be seen in Figures 1 and 2 that there

page_text: .
are two lenses f. f, adapted to the sides of the casing, for the purpose of
throwing the light forward in a horizontal direction. There is also another
condensing lens f*, adapted to the foot of the apparatus, and above the light
is placed a horizontal metal reflector g, which will throw the light down
through the bottom condensing lens, and thereby cast a brilliant light on any-
thing below. The lamp h is of the ordinary argand kind, and is supplied with
oil from the reservoir i, which is made of an annular form, for the purpose of
allowing the light from the flame of the lamp to pass through to the con-
densing lens below. The lamp is secured in vertical slotted guides j,j,
fixed to the sides of the casing; it is of course provided with a glass chimney
for the purpose of steadying the flame, and the reflector 9 is placed on this
glass chimney, and may be secured at any suitable altitude thereon by means
of spring clips, as shewn in Fig. 2, as is well understood. The gaseous
products of combustion pass up the glass chimney from the flame into the
trumpet-mouth k of the vertical tube, which communicates with the hose
or flexible pipe above, the connection between the two pipes being effected
by means of a screw joint at the top of the dome cover of the apparatus,
as seen at m in the Figures. This cover, which is shewn detached and
in perspective at Fig. 1, (the trumpet mouth being removed,) is screwed on
to the top of the apparatus, a leather or other washer n being placed on the
flange, whereby the two parts are united, as shewn at Fig. 1. Air to support
combustion is supplied to the lamp down the flexible tube or hose 0, which
is adapted to a short branch pipe p secured to the sides of the casing, and
made to communicate with the annular space between the inner and outer
casings. This branch pipe p is provided with a cock q, whereby the supply of
air to the interior of the apparatus may be regulated at pleasure.
The whole apparatus is suspended from above by means of cords or chains
attached to the eyes r, r, at each side. I prefer to make the hose of vulcanized
india-rubber, but do not intend to limit myself to this material. It is scarcely
necessary to observe that this hose may be divided into convenient lengths,
which may be temporarily joined together, as circumstances may require, by
means of union joints, so as to form a continuous length.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of a modification of the above, in which three
side condensing lenses are employed, and metallic reflectors combined there-
5 with, so as to throw the light forward through the condensing lenses. If desired,
the bottom lens, shewn at f* in Fig. 2, may be dispensed with in some cases,
and a hollow bottom used in its place.
Having now described ny Invention of "improved apparatus for illumi-
nating objects beneath the surface of water, or for giving light in mines,

page_text: and other places whero combustible or explosive gases exist," and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I claim the general arrangement of parts
herein shown and described, whereby a convenient and effective illuminating
apparatus is produced. I claim particularly the mode above described of
supplying air to the burner to support combustion; and also the use and
application to submarino and other analogous illuminating apparatus of a
hollow air space or chamber, into which air is forced from above by any con-
venient forcing appartus, to supply the lamp placed inside with air to support
combustion. I further claim the application to such illuminating apparatus
of condensing lenses and reflectors, for the purpose of concentrating or throwing
the light in any desired direction.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edwin Heinke, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancory Lanc.
CHARLES EDWIN HEINKE. (L.S.)