Improvements in Freezing and Cooling Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date Oppon
Complete Specification Left, 25th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 28th Dec.,
1895
Improvements in Freezing and Cooling Machines.
I, THOMAS HEWETT, of 8 Ashbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of
Surrey, Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
This invention has reference to improvements in portable freezing machines of
the kind in which the freezing is effected in a vertical vessel mounted to rotate
within an outer fixed vertical vessel that has a charging opening at the top, is
closed at the bottom, and is of such capacity as to hold a mass of a readily
abtainable freezing agent, such for examples as a mixture of ice and salt, or a
freezing mixture, sufficient in quantity to last for a number of freezing or cooling
operations without requiring renewal. The invention has for objects to produce
machines of the kind referred to, that shall be simple and inexpensive in con-
struction, and which can be used not only for freezing solid or semi-solid substances
of various kinds, such for example as are used for making ice-cream, but also for
cooling champagne and other liquids intended for consumption.
In one arrangement of such a machine according to this invention the inner
rotary freezing vessel, formed of sheet metal such as tin-plate, is provided at its
bottom with an attachment, such as a socket, adapted to be secured in a detachable
manner, as by screwing, to a vertical driving tubular spindle which extends through
a bearing in the bottom of the large outer vessel which serves to hold the, freezing
agent. This outer vessel which may also be of sheet metal, is carried by a cast
metal base or support having a recessed top which serves as the bottom of the said
outer vessel, and within which the lower beaded edge of the said vessel is secured
by solder or other suitable jointing material, for the purpose of connecting the two
A removable screw
parts together and forming a liquid tight joint between them.
or fan having its boss fitted over the driving spindle and clamped between a flange
thereon and the socket on the inner vessel may be provided so that when using a
liquid freezing agent in the outer vessel, such freezing agent will be agitated by
rotation of the screw propeller and the maximum cooling effect be thereby
obtained.
The spindle may be driven, and liquid led off, therefrom, in various ways.
In one example the tubular spindle is rotated at a high rate of speed through a
coiled spring from a bevel pinion journalled upon the lower end of an extension of
the spindle and driven from a bevel wheel fixed on a rotary shaft arranged at right
angles, to the tubular spindle. This shaft, which is supported in bearings in a
bracket carried by the bottom of the outer vessel and in the base of the machine,
is provided at its outer end with a driving wheel or crank handle. The bevel
pinion may however be fixed to the lower end of the spindle so as to drive the
spindle direct, but it is preferred to drive the rotary vessel through a spring as by
this means it is relieved of shocks. The tubular spindle is closed at its lower end,
and is provided with a lateral discharge aperture and with an external groove in
communication therewith. Into the bearing at the level of the said aperture and
groove, is screwed one end of a horizontal discharge pipe that extends laterally in
a liquid tight manner through the lower part of the outer vessel, and is provided
with a draw-off cock, cap or plug, the arrangement being such that liquid car,
during rotation of the inner vessel, escape from the said vessel through the spindle,
aperture and groove into the fixed pipe whence it can be drawn off by the cock,

page_text: into a glass or other receptacle placed below it. A liquid tight joint is or may be
obtained between the spindle and bearing by a packing ring of soft or flexible
material such as felt saturated with fat or wax, this ring being compressed around
the spindle by a metal washer and a screw cap. Packing at the bottom of the
bearing serves to prevent liquid escaping between the spindle and the lower end of
the bearing.
In a modified arrangement the outer vessel and its base are each formed of sheet
metal, and the bottom plate of the vessel, which is cast in one piece with the
spindle bearing and bracket, is secured upon an annular rib in the outer vessel.
In other respects the construction is similar to that first described.
In a modified arrangement the outer vessel, with its base, is or may be made
of sheet metal and provided with a separate cast metal bottom plate with bearing
and bracket as in the herein secondly mentioned arrangement, and the tubular
spindle has fixed to its lower end a grooved pulley by which it can be rotated,
at a high rate of speed, by an endless band led, it may be over guide pulleys,
from a grooved pulley fixed on a driving shaft arranged at an angle to the
tubular spindle. Liquid tight joints are formed between the spindle and bearing
by washers of suitable material such as felt saturated with fat or wax these
washers being located between the bearing and the flange on the spindle and
between the bearing and the driving pulley. Metal washers may be located
between the felt or other soft washers and the adjacent rotary parts, to diminish
friction and reduce wear. The tubular spindle is closed at its bottom, and formed
with a lateral aperture by which, and an annular groove, it is placed in communication
with a fixed discharge pipe as in the other arrangements herein before referred to.
Instead of casting the bottom plate, bearing and bracket in one piece of metal, they
may be made in separate pairs secured together, the said bottom plate being of
sheet metal flanged at its edge and soldered to the inner side of the outer vessel.
The spindle or spindle extension, as the case may be, may have a passage extending
throughout the same to facilitate its being cleaned, especially when the machine is
intended for cooling milk. In this case, the lower end of the spindle or spindle
extension may be provided with a closure, such as a removable screw stopper,
which in the first herein described arrangement may be screwed into a hollow screw
that is itself adapted to be screwed into the spindle extension and the head of which
serves to retain the aforesaid bevel pinion in place. In cheap machines, such a
construction may be adopted for drawing off the cooled liquid, in which case the
aforesaid fixed discharge pipe and the annular groove and lateral aperture in the
spindle may be dispensed with. Usually however it will be more convenient to
draw off the cooled liquid by a fixed discharge pipe such as herein before describe
and which may be used in connection with machines other than those of the special
construction herein before described.
The outer vessel, when of metal, is clothed with non-conducting material such
as felt.
When a machine of the type herein referred to is to be used for making ice-
cream or other solid or semi-solid frozen substance, the top of the tubular spindle
is closed by suitable means such as a disc of india-rubber placed between the top
of the spindle and the upper end of the socket on the lower end of the rotary
freezing vessel.
When the machine is used for cooling liquids, the said disc is replaced by a
corresponding ring or washer of india-rubber, and the cover of the inner vessel is
replaced by means such as a cover having a funnel below which is a baffle, or by
a dished cover perforated around its lower end, so that liquid poured upon the one
or into the other will be discharged laterally against the inner surface of the inner
vessel over which it will flow and thereby become rapidly cooled. The portion of
the inner vessel immediately below the baffle or dished cover may advantageously
be made of a smaller diameter than the upper end of the vessel, so as to ensure the
liquid flowing over the said inner surface of the vessel, which may advantageously
'be made of corrugated form.

page_text: To adapt the machine for cooling liquids whilst contained in receptacles such as
bottles, I replace the inner vessel by an inner vessel provided with a suitable
number, say three, of spring blades secured only at their upper end to the vessel so
as to yield in a downward direction, to permit of the insertion of the bottle, and
then to spring inward so as to hold the bottle in place vertically. The lower end
of the bottle is or may be carried by a projection adapted to take into the recess
usually formed in the bottom of the bottle.
D
714
1
T1005
Improvements in Freezing and Cooling Machines.
I, THOMAS HEWETT, of 8 Ashbourne Grove, East Dulwich, in the County of
Surrey, Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to improvements in portable freezing machines of
the kind in which the freezing is effected in a vertical vessel mounted to rotate
within an outer fixed vertical vessel that has a charging opening at the top, is
closed at the bottom, and is of such capacity as to hold a mass of a readily
obtainable freezing agent, such for examples as a mixture of ice and salt, or
freezing mixture, sufficient in quantity to last for a number of freezing or cooling
operations without requiring renewal. The invention has for objects to produce
machines of the kind referred to, that shall be simple and inexpensive in
construction, and which can be used not only for freezing solid or semi-solid
substances of various kinds, such for example as are used for making ice-cream,
but also for cooling champagne and other liquids intended for consumption.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, partly in elevation, showing one arrangement of
freezing and cooling machine constructed according to this invention.
1 is the inner rotary freezing vessel formed of sheet metal such as tin-plate, and
provided at its bottom with an attachment, such as a socket 2, adapted to be
secured in a detachable manner, as by screwing, to a vertical driving spindle 3
which extends through a bearing 4 in the bottom 5ª of the large outer vessel 5
which serves to hold the freezing agent. The vessel 5 in the example shown, is
also of sheet metal, and is carried by a cast metal base or support 5b having a
recessed top 5" which serves as the bottom of the said outer vessel, and within
which the lower beaded edge 5° of the said vessel is secured by solder 5d or other
suitable jointing material, for the purpose of connecting the two parts together and
forming a liquid tight joint between them. 6 is a removable screw or fan having
its boss fitted over the driving spindle 3 and clamped between a flange 3º thereon
and the socket 2 so that when using a liquid freezing agent in the outer vessel 5,
such freezing agent will be agitated by rotation of the screw or fan and the maximum
cooling effect be thereby obtained.
H
To adapt the machine for cooling champagne and other liquids, the spindle 3 is
made tubular. It may be driven, and liquid led off therefrom, in various ways.
In the example now being described, it is rotated at a high rate of speed, through
coiled spring 7 from a bevel pinion 8 journalled upon the lower end of an extension 3*
of the spindle and is driven from a bevel wheel fixed on a rotary. shaft 10.
shaft is supported in bearings in a bracket 11. and in the base 5b at 12, and is
provided at its outer end with a driving wheel or crank handle, not shown. The
This

page_text: bevel pinion 8 may be fixed to the lower end of the spindle 3, as shown in dotted
lines at 8ª, so as to drive the spindle direct, but it is preferred: to drive the rotary
vessel 1 through a spring 7, as shown as by this means it is relieved of shock.
The tubular spindle 1 is closed at its lower end, and is provided with a lateral
discharge aperture 3b and with an external groove 3° in communication therewith.
Into the bearing 4 at the level of the aperture 3b and groove 39, is screwed one en
of a horizontal discharge pipe 13 that extends laterally in a liquid tight manner
through the lower part of the outer vessel 5,, and is. provided with a draw.off
cock 13, the arrangement being such that liquid can, during rotation of the vessel 1,
escape from the said vessel through the spindle 3; aperture 3b and groove 3° int
the fixed pipe 13, whence it can be drawn off by the cock 13", into a glass or other
receptacle placed below it.. A liquid tight joint is obtained between the spindle 3
and bearing 4 by a packing ring 14 of soft or flexible material such as felt
saturated with fat or wax, this ring being compressed around the spindle by a metal
washer 15 and a screw cap 15. Packing at 14ª serves to prevent liquid escaping
between the spindle 3 and the lower end of the bearing 4.
In the modified construction shown in Fig. 2; the outer vessel 5 and its base 5°
are each formed of sheet metal, and the bottom plate 5ª with bearing, 4 and
bracket 11 is secured upon an annular rib 5° in the vessel 5 by any suitable means,
such as by solder placed at intervals to hold the plate down, and by red lead to
produce a water-tight joint at this part. In other respects the construction is
similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
high
Fig. 3 is a vertical section; Fig. 4a part plan, and Fig. 5a part front elevation,
showing a modified arrangement of apparatus according to this invention. In this
arrangement the outer vessel 5, with its base 5' is made of sheet metal and provided
with a separate cast metal bottom plate 5" having a bearing 12 and bracket 11, as
in the herein secondly mentioned arrangement (Fig. 2), and the tubular spindle 3
has fixed to its lower end a grooved pulley 8 by which it can be rotated, at a
rate of speed, by an endless band 7* led, it may be over guide pulleys 9*, from a
grooved pulley 9 fixed on a driving shaft 10 arranged at right angles to the tubular
spindle and the outer end of which is adapted to receive means, such as a hand
wheel or crank handle, by which it can be rotated. 11 is a bent rod upon which
the guide pulleys 9** are mounted to rotate and the ends of which are secured to the
bottom plate 5. Liquid tight joints are formed between the spindle 3 and bearing 4
by washers 14, 14ª of suitable material such as felt saturated with fat or wax, these
washers being located between the bearing 4 and the flange 3 on the spindle 3, and
between the bearing and the driving pulley 8. Metal washers may be located
between the felt or other soft washers and the adjacent rotary parts, to diminish
friction and reduce wear. The tubular spindle is closed at its bottom, and formed
with a lateral aperture 3b by which, and an annular groove 4*, it is placed in
communication with a fixed discharge pipe 13 as in the other arrangements
hereinbefore described:
Instead of casting the bottom. plate 5", bearing 4 and bracket 11 in one piece of
metal, they may, as shown in vertical sections in Fig. 6, be made in separate parts
secured together, the said bottom plate being of sheet metal flanged at its outer
edge and soldered to the inner side of the outer vessel
The spindle 3 or spindle extension 3*, as the case may be,, may have a passage
extending throughout the same to facilitate its being cleaned, especially when the
machine is intended for cooling milk. In this case; the lower end of the spindle or
spindle extension, may be provided with a closure, such as a removable screw
stopper 31, which in the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 2, may, as shown
in Fig. 2, be screwed into a hollow screw 3 that is itself adapted to be screwed
into the spindle extension 3* and the bead of which serves to retain the aforesaid
bevel pinion 8 in place. Fig. 7 shows such arrangement of stopper applied to the
lower end of the spindle of the arrangements shown in Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive. Fu
cheap machines, such a construction may be adopted for drawing off the cooled
liquid, in which case the aforesaid. fixed discharge. pipe 13 and the annular

page_text: groove 3 (Figs. 1 and 2), or 4* (Figs. 3 and 6) and lateral aperture 3b in the
spindle may be dispensed with. Usually however it will be more convenient to
draw off the cooled liquid by a fixed discharge pipe such as hereinbefore described
and which may be used in connection with machines other than those of the special
construction hereinbefore described.
The outer vessel 5, when of metal, is clothed with non-conducting material 5*,
such as felt (Figs. 1 and 3).
When a machine of the type herein referred to is to be used for making ice-
cream or other solid or semi-solid frozen substance, the top of the tubular spindle 3
is closed by suitable means, such as a disc 3d of india-rubber placed between the
top of the spindle and the upper end of the socket 2 on the lower end of the retary
freezing vessel.
When the machine is to be used for cooling liquids, the said disc is replaced by a
corresponding ring or washer of india rubber, and the cover 1" of the inner vessel 1
(Figs. 1, 2, 3) is replaced by a cover having a funnel 1b below which is a battle 1º,
as shown in Fig. 8, or by a dished cover perforated around its lower end as shown
in Fig. 9, so that liquid poured upon the baffle 1°, through the funnel 1b (Fig. 8),.
or into the perforated dished cover (Fig. 9) will be discharged laterally against
the inner surface of the inner vessel over which it will flow and thereby become
rapidly cooled. The portion of the inner vessel 1 immediately below the baffle or
dished cover may advantageously be made of a smaller diameter than the upper
end of the vessel, so as to ensure the liquid flowing over the said inner surface of
the vessel, which may advantageously be made of corrugated form.
To adapt the machine for cooling liquids whilst contained in receptacles such as
bottles, I replace the inner vessel 1 shown in Figs. 1 2 and 3 by an inner vessel of
the kind shown in vertical section in Fig. 10 and in plan in Fig. 11. This vessel
is provided with a suitable number, say three, of spring blades 16 secured only at
their upper end to the vessel so as to yield in a downward direction, to. permit of
the insertion of the bottle, and then to spring inward so as to hold the bottle in
place vertically. The lower end of the bottle is or may be carried by a projection 17
adapted to take into the recess usually formed in the bottom of the bottle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in ven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. A portable freezing and cooling machine of the kind herein referred to in
which the tubular driving spindle 3 is closed at its lower end and is in constant
communication through a suitable passage such as a lateral aperture on the shaft,
and an annular groove between the spindle and its bearing, with a horizontal
discharge pipe 13 which is secured to the bearing of the said spindle so as to be in
communication with the said groove and aperture and which extends outward in a
lateral direction to the exterior of the machine where it is provided with a draw
off cock or closing device substantially as described and shown.
2. A freezing and cooling machine of the kind specified in the preceding claim
in which the bottom of the outer ressel 5 is formed either by the recessed top 5°
of the base piece 5b (Fig. 1), or by a separate plate 5ª secured upon a rib 5° in said
vessel (Fig. 2), and the driving spindle 3 is driven by toothed gearing 8, 9 and
shaft 10 either indirectly through a coiled spring for reducing shock, or directly
through a bevel pinion fixed on the said spindle, and is adapted to receive a screw
or fan 6 for agitating a liquid freezing agent in the outer vessel 5, substantially as
described.
3. In a portable freezing machine of the kind specified in Claims 1 and 2, the
combination with the tubular driving spindle 3 carrying the inner vessel 1, of
endless band driving mechanism located in the base of the machine and comprising
a pulley fixed on the lower end of the spindle, a larger pulley fixed on a driving
shaft arranged at an angle to the tubular spindle, and an endless band encircling
the two pulleys, substantially as described.

page_text: 4. A freezing machine of the kind herein referred to, in which, in order to cool
a'liquid whilst contained within a bottle or like receptacle, the inner rotary vessel 1
of such machine is provided with spring blades adapted to hold a bottle vertically
therein, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 10 and 11 of
the drawings annexed.
5. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the improved freezing
and cooling machines hereinbefore described with reference respectively to and
shown in Fig. 1 and in Fig. 2, or modified according to Fig. 24; and in Figs. 3, 4
and 5, or modified according to Fig. 6, or to Fig. 7 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 25th day of November 1895.
For the Applicant,