IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TERRY OR CARPET FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, in the County
of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TERRY OR CARPET FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th May 1871.
I, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
5 Elastic Fabric Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TERRY OR CARPET
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of terry or carpet
fabrics has for its object to produce an improved surface and at the
O same time to economize the material of which the terry surface is
composed.
In the ordinary manufacture of terry fabrics the terry or loop is
formed by means of a wire which is passed into the shed, and over

page_text: which the woollen or worsted warp threads are passed and carried down
and secured to the ground of the fabric. In this way a row of loops
is formed over every wire which is inserted in the successive sheds,
thus ค ค ค ล
In my improved fabric instead of all the surface warp threads being
carried up or down together one half only of the warp threads are carried
up while the other half is carried down, but all the threads are kept up in
turn to the extent of the thickness of two terry wires, thus TANAMA
When the warp threads have floated over the width of two terry wires
they are carried down and bound by means of a weft thread to the
ground, after which they are raised again to form the shed for the next
terry wires. The warp threads may be floated over the terry wires or
over one and under another, but in all cases they are kept up and not
tied down to the ground until after the passage of two wires. If desired
the surface warp threads may be floated over three or-more-terry wires
instead of only two. The fabric thus formed may be printed of any
desired pattern, or the woollen warp threads may be printed before being
placed in the loom, as in the manufacture of tapestry carpets. By
weaving terry fabrics in this manner a soft even surface so produced and
a very great economy in the material is effected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Archibald Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ÀRCHIBALD
TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Elastic Fabric Manu-
facturer, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Archibald Turner, Her special licence
that I, the said Archibald Turner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Archibald Turner, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF TERRY OR CARPET FABRICS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Archibald Turner, my exccutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describo and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the samo to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Archibald Turner, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thercon (that is
to say):-
The object of this Invention is to produce a novel kind of terry or
carpet fabric which will be soft to the tread and more lasting than the
ordinary tapestry or Brussels carpet, and which may be made with a
material economy of worsted or woollen.
In the ordinary manufacture of terry fabrics the terry or loop is
formed by means of a wire which is passed into the shed, and over which
all the woollen or worsted warp threads are simultaneously drawn and
secured to the ground of the fabric by the weft. In this way a loop is
formed from each worsted warp thread over every wire inserted in the
successive sheds.
The manner of manufacture is represented in the Diagram Fig. 1 of
the accompanying Drawings, in which a represents the worsted warps
forming the ordinary terry; b, b, the binding threads; c, the weft
threads; d, the stuffing warp; and e, the lower weft.
Now according to my Invention instead of raising all the surface warp
threads together I raise every alternate surface warp thread or one-half
only of the worsted warp threads at a time, leaving the other half down.
By this means I produce a float of the surface warp threads as shewn in
the enlarged sectional view Fig. 2, and in plan at Fig. 3, where a, a³,
show two adjacent lines of worsted warp threads, the loops of which are
tied alternately by the binding threads passing over the weft threads c.

page_text: The "ground" is formed as usual, the stuffing warp d and the lower
weft e being secured to the terry surface by the binding threads. To
produce this fabric the surface warp threads are floated over two terry
wires before being bound to the ground, after which they are raised to
form the shed for the next terry wires, and so on alternately.
Figures 4 and 5 represent two adjacent worsted or woollen surface
warp threads a, a¹, in' separate views in order to illustrate more clearly
the manner of tying down the worsted warp threads alternately. The
numbered lines represent the shoots of weft c, c, by which the surface
warps are held down. The warp threads instead of being floated over
two terry wires may be floated over one and under another, as shewn at
Fig. 6, but in this case they are kept up and not tied down to the
ground" until after the passage of two wires. If desired the surface
threads may
warp
be floated over three or more terry wires (instead of
only two) and secured to the ground in the manner above described.
The fabric thus formed may have any desired pattern printed thercon,
or the woollen warp threads may be printed before being placed in the
loom as in the manufacture of tapestry carpets, or colored warp threads
may be employed as in Brussels carpet. By weaving terry fabrics in
this manner a richer and more even surface will be produced than has
heretofore been obtained, and a very great economy in the use of the
costly woollen material effected, one-half the portion of the worsted
warps that is drawn below to form the connection with the "ground'
being saved by my improved mode of manufacture.
37
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in the Manu-
facture of Terry or Carpet Fabrics," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid, manufacturing terry or carpet fabrics in the
manner and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Archibald Turner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Third day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.