IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OR COLOURING MATTERS " PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Crace Calvert, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Professor of Chemistry, Charles Lowe, of the
same Place, Analytical Chemist, and Samuel Clift, of the same Place,
Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OR COLOURING MATTERS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Crace Calvert,
Charles Lowe, and Samuel Clift at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th June 1860.
We, FREDERICK CRACE CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Professor of Chemistry, CHARLES LOWE, of the same Place,
Analytical Chemist, and SAMUEL CLIFT, of the same Place, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in the production of a green insoluble
colouring matter from aniline or its analogues, such as toluidine, xylidine,
cumidine, and their compounds by oxidation, directly in contact with the
yarn, tissue, or fabric required to be coloured, which we term emeraldine;
and secondly, in the conversion of the green colouring matter thus obtained
into a blue colouring matter by the action of alkalies and alkaline salts, or
oxydizing agents, which we term azurine..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Crace Calvert, Charles Lowe, and Samuel Clift
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
CRACE CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Professor of Chemistry, CHARLES LOWE, of the same Place, Analytical Chemist,
and SAMUEL CLIFT, of the same Place, Manufacturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Frederick Crace Calvert, Charles Lowe, and Samuel Clift, Her special
licence that we, the said Frederick Crace Calvert, Charles Lowe, and Samuel
Clift, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Frederick Crace Calvert, Charles Lowe, and Samuel Clift, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
COLOURING MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Frederick Crace Calvert, Charles Lowe, and Samuel Clift, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that, we, the said Frederick Crace Calvert, Charles
Lowe, and Samuel Clift, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed; to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
.
Our Invention consists, firstly, in the production of a green insoluble
colouring matter from aniline or its analogues, such as toluidine, xylidine,
cumidine, and their compounds by oxidation, directly in contact with the yarn,
fibre, tissue, or fabric required to be colored, which we term emeraldine;
and secondly, in the conversion of the green colouring matter thus obtained

page_text: into a blue colouring matter by the action of alkalies and alkaline salts, or
oxydizing agents, which we term azurine.
To prepare our emeraldine we impregnate the yarn, fibre, tissue, or fabric
to be colored with an oxydizing agent. We prefer to use a solution of
chlorate of potash, of about four ounces of chlorate to the gallon of water, and
then dry it, and pad or print with an acid salt of aniline, toluidine, xylidine,
or cumidine mixed with water. We prefer a salt of aniline, because it is
easily obtained, and because the color produced is, perhaps, superior to that
produced by any of its analogues; and for a full shade we employ a solution of
tartarate or chloride of aniline, containing about one per cent. of aniline.
After padding or printing the goods must be allowed to age for twelve hours,
by which time the colour will be completely developed.
We likewise produce our emeraldine by padding or printing the yarn, fibre,
tissue, or fabric with a solution of a salt of aniline, toluidine, xylidine, or
cumidine. We prefer a salt of aniline, selecting a tartarate or a chloride by
preference, and mix it with an oxydizing agent, preferring to use chlorate of
potash, thickened with starch or flour paste. The proportions of the mixture
we find most convenient for a full shade of colour are the following, although
they may be slightly varied without any appreciable results :-
Solution of an acid salt of aniline (containing 1 lb. of aniline).

page_text: but we prefer them, and we have obtained the azurine of a more permanent
nature by their use.
The colours above produced do not require the intervention of an albuminous
or other mordant to cause them to adhere to the yarn, fibre, tissue, or fabric.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
,the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim obtaining green and
.blue colouring matters, which we call emeraldine and azurine, by all and every
of the means and in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Crace Calvert, Charles Lowe;
and Samuel Clift, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
www
F. CRACE CALVERT. (L.S.)
CHAS. LOWE.
(L.S.)
SAMUEL CLIFT.
.
(L.S.)