AN IMPROVED APPLI- CATION OF CERTAIN SCHISTOUS OR SHALY MATERIALS TO THE MANUFACTURE AND FINISHING OF PAPER
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Place, of Hoddlesden, in the County of
Lancaster, Coal Proprietor, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPLI-
CATION OF CERTAIN SCHISTOUS OR SHALY MATERIALS TO THE MANUFACTURE
AND FINISHING OF PAPER."
Sealed the 5th April 1864, and dated the 13th October 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Place at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1863.
I, JOSEPH PLACE, of Hoddlesden, in the County of Lancaster, Coal Pro-
prietor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED APPLICATION OF CERTAIN SCHISTOUS OR SHALY MATERIALS TO THE MANU-
FACTURE AND FINISHING OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the application of certain "schistous" or "shaly"
materials to the manufacture and finishing of paper, and the improvement
consists in the application and use therein only of such "schistous" or "shaly"
materials as are slaty or hard when fractured in contradistinction to the use of
a softer description of mineral, which is found in a soft state called and well
known as "doughing," (from its soft nature), which has been applied to the
same purpose. The materials I propose to apply to the manufacture and
finishing of paper are designed to supersede the "doughing," by obtaining a
better and purer color, and for the purpose of cheapness, improved quality,

page_text: and for glazing or finishing, and the materials consist of "alum shale" or
"alum schist," termed "white shale" steatite, called "soapstone," and "black
shale," all of which are hard, and some being procured more cheaply, and all
producing better results than the soft mineral called "doughing," which is
sometimes called incorrectly "shale," being a grey or slaty color. These
materials are to be prepared by grinding or pulverizing, and may be mixed
with the paper pulp during manufacture either in powder or paste, or it may
be applied to the surface after the paper is made, and they may be employed
either in their natural color or bleached or artificially colored or tinted.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Place in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
PLACE, of Hoddlesden, in the County of Lancaster, Coal Proprietor, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Place, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Place, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Place, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPLICATION
OF MATERIALS TO THE MANUFACTURE AND FINISHING OF PAPER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Place, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Place, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
"
My Invention relates to the application of certain "shistous" or "shaly "
materials to the manufacture and finishing of paper, and the improvement
consists in the application and use therein only of such "shistous" or "shaly"
materials as are slaty or hard when fractured, in contradistinction to the use
of a softer description of mineral which is found in a soft state, called and well
known as "doughing" (from its soft nature), which has been applied to the
same purpose. The materials I propose to apply to the manufacture and
finishing of paper are designed to supersede the "doughing" by obtaining a
better and purer color, and for the purpose of cheapness, for improved quality,
and for glazing or finishing, and the materials consist of "alum shale" or "alum
shist" termed "white shale," steatite, called "soapstone," all of which are hard,
and some being procured more cheaply, and all producing better results than the
soft minerals called doughing, which is sometimes called incorrectly shale,
being of a grey or slaty color. These materials are to be prepared by grinding
or pulverizing, and may be mixed with the paper pulp during manufacture
either in powder or paste, it may be applied to the surface after the paper is
made, and they may be employed either in their natural color or bleached
or artificially colored or tinted. I would also remark that the white clay
called "white earth," or fire-clay, is also applicable for this purpose.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim the application and use of the aforesaid description
of "shale" or "shist," which are of a hard nature, and also of steatite for
the glazing and finishing of paper, in contradistinction to the use of the soft
mineral termed "doughing," which has been hitherto employed for the said
purpose, as herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Place, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOSEPH PLACE. (L.S.)