IMPROVE- MENTS APPLICABLE TO CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS, AND IN THE MANU- FACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Frederic Chantrell; of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Furnace Engineer, and Jean Reymond, of
Richmond Hill, near Liverpool aforesaid, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS APPLICABLE TO CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS, AND IN THE MANU-
FACTURE THEREOF."
Sealed the 16th September 1864, and dated the 18th March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Frederic Chantrell
and Jean Reymond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th March 1864.
We, GEORGE FREDERIC CHANTRELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, Furnace Engineer, and JEAN REYMOND, of Richmond Hill, near
Liverpool aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE THEREOF," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements applicable to
chimney tops and ventilators, to obtain an upward current in flues and to
prevent down draughts therein, and a convenient mode of manufacturing the
said chimney tops and ventilators from clay, terra cotta, and plastic, or other
material usually formed in moulds.
A chimney top or ventilator constructed according to this Invention may

page_text: consist of an octagonal, circular, square, or other suitably shaped vertical
hollow shaft, which it is preferred to enlarge at the base, and from near the
bottom of which are formed three, four, or more air passages, which extend
obliquely upwards from the exterior of the base of the shaft, and open into the
interior thereof at about one-fourth the height of the shaft. The upper
portion of the shaft is surrounded by a casing of larger internal area than the
exterior of the shaft, and which tapers upwards, and is domed or otherwise
contracted at the top above the main vertical shaft to have an internal
opening of equal or nearly equal area to the opening of the shaft. This outer
casing is divided internally into eight or any other..convenient number of
vertical passages by means of vertical diaphragms or partitions; these air
passages are open at the bottom, and extend above the edge of the vertical
shaft within the dome or contracted head of the casing. The upper edge of
the casing is surmounted with a-spiked-or-other suitable circlet. In some
cases it may be found advantageous to carry the dividing diaphragms or
partitions sufficiently downward to extend them below the outer casing.
"The object of this mode of constructing: ventilators and chimney tops is,
that when placed on the exterior of a building on the top of a flue, whatever
way the wind may blow, on striking' the chimney top or ventilator an upward
current is formed in the air passages which face the wind, causing an upward
current in the shaft, and which has been found by actual experiment to
entirely obviate down draughts."
The improvements in manufacturing ventilators and chimney tops consist in
forming the outer casing on the top of the shaft separately from the vertical
shaft upon which it is to be fitted; this casing may be moulded with or
without the internal' vertical feathers which divide it internally to form the
air passages. In the latter case the 'Inventors form the vertical partitions by
moulding them with the shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Frederic Chantrell and Jean Reymond in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 17th September 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
FREDERIC CHANTRELL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Furnace
Engineer, and JEAN REYMOND, of Richmond Hill, near Liverpool aforesaid,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us;
the said George Frederic Chantrell and Jean Reymond, Her special licence
that we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and Jean Reymond, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George
Frederic Chantrell and Jean Reymond, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
Jawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CHIMNEY TOPS AND VENTILATORS,
AND IN THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and Jean Reymond, our executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and "Jean
Reymond, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
This our said Invention has for its object certain improvéments applicable
to chimney tops and ventilators to obtain an upward current in flues, and to
prevent down draughts therein, and a convenient mode of manufacturing the
said chimney tops and ventilators from clay, terra cotta, and plastic, or other
material usually formed in moulds.
A chimney, top or ventilator constructed according to this our said Inven-
tion, may consist of an 'octagonal, circular, square, or other suitably shaped
vertical hollow shaft; which we prefer to enlarge at the base, and from near
the bottom of which are formed three, four, or more air passages, which
extend obliquely upwards from the exterior of the base of the shaft and open
into the interior thereof at about, say, one-fourth the height of the shaft.
The upper portion of the shaft we surround by a casing of larger internal area
than the exterior of the shaft, and which tapers upwards, and is domed 'or

page_text: otherwise contracted at the top, above the main vertical shaft, to have an
internal opening of equal or nearly equal area to the opening of the shaft ;
this outer casing we divide internally into eight or any other convenient
number of vertical passages by means of vertical diaphragms or partitions;
these air passages are open at the bottom, and extend above the edge of the
vertical shaft within the dome or contracted head of the casing. The upper
edge of the casing, we surmount with a spiked or other suitable circlet. In
some cases we have found it advantageous to carry the dividing diaphragms
or partitions sufficiently downwards to extend them below the outer casing.
Our object in this mode of constructing ventilators and chimney tops is
that when placed on the exterior of a building on top of a flue, whatever way
the wind may blow, on striking the chimney top or ventilator an upward
current is formed in the air passages which face the wind, causing an upward
current in the shaft, and which we have found by actual experiment to
entirely obviate down draughts.
Our improvements in manufacturing ventilators and chimney tops consists
in forming the outer casing on the top of the shaft seperately from the
vertical shaft upon which it is to be fitted; this casing may be molded with
or without the internal vertical feathers which divide it internally to form the
air passages; in the latter case we form the vertical partitions or diaphragms
by moulding them with the shaft.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and understood,
we have hereunto annexed Drawings illustrating the application of our Inven-
tion to several designs applicable to chimney tops or ventilators, like letters
marked thereon being used to denote similar parts. The curved arrows are
used to show the direction of the current of external atmosphere, and the
straight arrows the up direction of the draught of the flue.
Figure 1 is a vertical sectional elevation of an ornamental square shaft, and
Figure 2 a sectional plan of the same taken from a to b, and Figure 3.a
sectional plan of the base taken from c to d.
Figure 4 is a vertical sectional elevation of an ornamental octagonal column,
and Figure 5 is an horizontal section taken through the line e to f, and
Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional plan of the same taken through the base
on the line from g to h.
Figure 7 is a vertical sectional elevation of an ornamental circular column,
and Figure 8 is an horizontal section of the same taken on the line from
to j, and Figure 9 is an horizontal section of the base of the same taken
through the line k to 7.

page_text: Figure 10 is a vertical sectional elevation of another design for another
octagonal column, and Figure 11 is an horizontal sectional plan of the same
taken on the line from m to n, and Figure 12 is an horizontal sectional plan
taken from o to p.
Figure 13 is a vertical sectional elevation of one of our improved ventilators
or chimney tops formed in two parts, and Figure 14' is a transverse horizontal
section of the same taken from q to r, and Figure 15 is a section of the same
taken through the inner column from s to t.
A, the main vertical flue shaft, the head of which is surrounded by B an
outer square, cylindrical, octagonal, circular, or other suitably shaped casing ;
the space between the inner shaft and outer casing on the head thereof are
divided into C air passages by means of D vertical partitions or diaphragms;
E, air passages from the external atmosphere through the base of the column,
and which open into the interior thereof, and it is preferred to construct four
of these air passages into the base of each chimney top or ventilator.
A¹ (Figure 18) is the internal vertical shaft, which is slightly tapered in an
upward direction, and which in this modification is seen formed with the
vertical feathers or diaphragms cast or moulded thereon, and which is
encircled by F an outer cylindrical casing, which is contracted at the top so
as to have an opening only equal to the top of the internal shaft (A¹). The
outer casing (F) is moulded in one piece, and slipped over the head of the
vertical shaft (A¹), thus forming a cheap and convenient ventilator or chimney
top, which we believe will be found useful for many purposes, although neither so
ornamental or perfect in its construction as those illustrated by the other designs.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our said
Invention, and how we believe the same may be best carried into practical
effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
precise details, relative proportions, or dimensions herein-before described and
set forth, as it will be readily seen the same may be considerably varied
without departing from the Invention; but what we claim is,―
First, surrounding the heads of chimney tops and ventilators with an outer
casing, which is narrowed or contracted at the top so as to have an opening
of only the same or about the same area as that on top of the internal
flue shaft, and dividing the space between the inner surface of the external
cap or collar and the exterior of the inner shaft into air passages by vertical
feathers or diaphragms in combination with three, four, or more air passages
through the base of the ventilator or chimney top, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.

page_text: Secondly, constructing chimney tops: or ventilators in two parts, as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figures 13, 14, and 15, substantially in
the manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
And, lastly, the general arrangement, combinations, and designs herein-
before described and set forth as applied to the construction of chimney tops
or ventilators, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Frederic Chantrell and Jean
Reymond, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this
Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-four.
GEORGE FREDERIC (L.s.) CHANTRELL.
JEAN'
(L.S.)
REYMOND.