A METHOD, PLAN, OR PRINCIPLE BY WHICH TUNNEL OR TUNNELS, ARCHWAY OR ARCHWAYS, MAY BE CONSTRUCTED OR EFFECTED UNDER THE RIVER THAMES, OR OTHER RIVERS, FOR THE PASSAGE OF CARRIAGES, CATTLE, FOOT PASSENGERS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1816

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
FRANCIS HAWKINS, of Woolwich, in the County of Kent, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourteenth day of
May, in the fifty-sixth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Francis Hawkins, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Richard
Francis Hawkins, my exors, adññors, and assigns, should and lawfully might,
during the term of years therein expressed, make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "A METHOD, PLAN, OR PRINCIPLE BY WHICH TUNNEL OR TUNNELS, ARCHWAY OR
ARCHWAYS, MAY BE CONSTRUCTED OR EFFECTED UNDER THE RIVER THAMES, OR OTHER
RIVERS, FOR THE PASSAGE OF CARRIAGES, CATTLE, FOOT PASSENGERS, AND OTHER
PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if
I, the said Richard Francis Hawkins, shall not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advan-
tages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become

page_text: void, as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Francis Hawkins, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawings and references hereunto
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Francis Hawkins, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
R" F. HAWKINS. (L.S.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord 1816, the aforesaid Richard Francis Hawkins came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of November, in the year of our Lord One

page_text: Fig. 1.2 83. Shews the section of the Tunnel or Archway under a River supposed to be
900 feet wide und constructed with two piers or shafts placed at one fourth the distance
from the shore on each side leaving thereby one half between them in the middle or
navigable part shewing (Fig 7) how clear a ship of 400 tons could drop between them and
prer above water as at (0)
the
Fig: 1 (4) Jujus the piers or shafts (of these from one to any
number may
e
be applied
or used) and they will each only occupy the space of a Barge at an Anchor not having to
support any wought they will be hellow and thus they will afford to the Archway a constant
supply of air and light during the progress of the work and permanently. These piers form
a most convenient aconomical channel for conveying on board craft the excavations and of
receiving for the work the materials they also assist in the operation of draining and pum-
ping as hereafter further described. (B) the hollow of the pier. (C.) the pump for draining the
whole which may be worked by steam or by a water wheel with the tide (D) well in the pier
or shaft for draining the work while constructing and also permanently when compleated. (E.)
inside drain flowing into the well (D.) (F) "The under or outer drain this is of great advantage
as it will constantly relieve the work during its progress by flowing into the well (C) the roof
of the tunnel to be made of any materials suited best to the soil (II.) The bottom of the
tunnel (I.) The interior of the tunnel (K.) Earth for the Road (1) Grove in the work or n
materials for the shifting Ram of Security. M. Gass Lights. N. Surface of the pier.. O. appearance
above water. I materials of the under drain (Q) Earth left between the water and the top part
of the Tunnel (R.) The writer shewn at 30 feet deep.
Fig. 2. Section of the pier or Shaft (a) »
(Shuft (a) hollow part. (b) tunnel running through at right angles
- (c) materials of tunnel. (d) under drain. (e) innir drain. (f) the pumps .. (9). earth for the
road. (7) the will.
Fig 3. The external appearance of the pier or shaft (h) the materials (i) the hollow: (k.)
-surface (6) fionnel (m) Earth for the road (n) under drain (o) inner drain (p) pumps.
Fig. 4. shews a section of the tunnel or archway with a shifting internal dam for the purpose
of securing the work that may be finished also in the event of
- may be finished also in the event of any approaching clanger and/
which is to be done by shoveing this forward in the Rubbit or Groove left in it for the purpose (1) the
materials (2) the interior (3) the level of the Roadway. (4) inner drain. (5) under drain. (6.) the
dam made of wood or other materials (7) doorway. (8) bearings.
Fig. 5. Section shewing the dam when shut and secured. (8) the rabbit or groove (9) Chocks for
any
the security of the bearing and to slide the dam along upon (10) shores for securing the same
(11) doors when shut.
Fig. 6. Shows a perspective view of the pier or shaft with the hand or archway running
through at right angles
Fig 7. a Ship of 100 tons drohhing in between the biers