Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Volatilising or Vapourising Fluids.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Volatilising or
Vapourising Fluids.
A communication from DESVIGNES DE MALAPERT, of 119, Rue de Montreuil, Paris
in the Republic of France, Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of the present invention is a generator for volatilising or vapourising
fluids, capable of being converted into vapour and is particularly applicable for the
vapourisation of ether.
In this apparatus the liquid is supplied directly through a pipe from a reservoir
called the expansion-reservoir, into a second receiver or generator, so that these two
receivers form communicating vessels. Before heat is applied the level of the liquid
is the same in the two reservoirs but it alters as soon as the apparatus begins to
work i.e..at the moment when heating commences the level in the expansion-reservoir
rises to a height corresponding to the momentary excess of pressure in the generator.
When owing to the discharge of vapours from the generator the excess of pressure
disappears, the levels tend to return to the same height. This arrangement of two
communicating receivers has for its object to avoid the action of the heat on the
liquid when the pressure of the vapours tends to exceed the normal pressure.
The requisite temperature of volatilisation of the liquid is attained by employing
a current of hot air, supplied by a pipe heated in any desired suitable manner.
The production ofthe vapour is automatically regulated by causing the pressure in
the interior of the expansion reservoir to act directly on the furnace or means for
supplying heat by means of a suitable device and levers connecting it to the
apparatus regulating the flame or in any other way controlling the supply of heat.
The expansion reservoir is constituted by a reservoir to which the fluid to be
volatilised or vapourised is supplied by a tube. At its upper part a second tube is
introduced through which enters air from a forcing pump which is worked until the
pressure in the expansion-reservoir equals that at which the vapours are to be
produced. The expansion reservoir is provided with a jacket or casing in which
circulates water maintaining the fluid at a low temperature. The fluid to be
vapourised is introduced into the generator through a tube bent into a helical shape
throughout that portion of its length which is in the water in the jacket or outer
casing of the expansion reservoir. The generator is constituted by a series of tubes
secured at their ends in plates and is surrounded by a sheet-metal casing. The
plates are secured to flanged plates. The tube from the reservoir communicates with
the space between the lower plates. The liquid fills this space and rises in the tubes
to a height corresponding to the pressure in each of the reservoirs.
When vapours
are formed under the influence of heat they rise through the tubes, fill the upper
space whence they enter through the tubes the dome or vapour chambers from which

page_text: they can be led for use through a discharge pipe. The vapourisation is preferably
effected by means of a current of hot air. The air is heated by means of a furnace
or burner fed in any desired manner and enters owing to natural draught the jacket
of the vapour chamber by means of a pipe the mouth of which is arranged over the
flame.
When applied to a motor the hot air may also be first utilised to heat the walls of
the motor, for which gas is usually used, before entering the jacket; the latter
surrounding the dome and completely isolating it from the generator. The air
circulates between the jacket and the dome or vapour chamber and heats the vapours
contained in it then passes through an opening and passage which has the same width
as the casing of the generator to which casing said passage is connected. From there
the air enters the generator passes round the tubes and raises the temperature of the
liquid sufficiently high to effect its volatilisation. After passing through the
generator it escapes through a chimney or exit pipe.
The intensity of the current of hot air increases or decreases according to the
quantity of heat developed by the heating device. This intensity must vary with
the pressure of the vapour in the dome. As the pressure is the same in all parts of
the apparatus the pressure in the expansion reservoir is caused to act directly or
indirectly on the source of heat. For this purpose there is arranged between the
upper wall of the expansion chamber and its cover, a corrugated plate or diaphragm
which can alter its shape under pressure. To this plate or diaghragm is secured a rod
with shoulders at the upper end of which is secured a grooved collar or ring. The
latter operates a bifurcated lever which transmits movement to a rod and from there.
to a lever which regulates the admission of gas or liquid employed for feeding the
furnace or burner. On the rod attached to the diaphragm acts a spring the tension
of which is regulated by means of a nut or cap screwed on a cover which is secured to
the top of the expansion reservoir. When the pressure in the expansion reservoir is
greater than that of the spring on the diaphragm that is to say greater than the
normal pressure the diaphragm is flattened out or pressed upwards and raises the rod
which by means of the levers reduces the supply of heat and the temperature of the
air circulating in the apparatus the production of vapour becomes then smaller and the
pressure becomes smaller until the diaphragm and the levers return to their original
position under the influence of the spring.
In the apparatus hereinbefore described hot air has been referred to as the means
of heating the liquid but of course any other heating method may be used.
In case of a coal-furnace being used as the intensity of the fire itself cannot be
regulated the amount of hot air supplied may be varied by connecting the lever to a
valve in the hot air supply pipe.
The working of the apparatus is simple the liquid is fed into the expansion reservoir
through the supply pipe. It then passes through the connecting tube to the
generator. The desired pressure is obtained by supplying air from a forcing pump
through a second tube entering expansion reservoir. Under the action of hot air the
liquid is volatilised the vapour enters the dome or vapour chamber and from there
passes to the apparatus or place where said vapour is to be utilised. There is no
danger of an explosion for as soon as the pressure of the vapour in the generator
increases, the liquid is forced back into the expansion reservoir the pressure of the
air contained in the latter causes the diaphragmn to be raised whereby the levers are
actuated and regulated the intensity of the flame and consequently the temperature
of the air introduced into the generator.
Dated this 5th day of Novembar 1007
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Volatilising or
Vapourising Fluids.
A communication from DESVIGNES DE MALAPERT, of 119, Rue de Montreuil, Paris,
in the Republic of France, Engineer.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of 111, Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is a generator for volatilising or vapourising,
fluids, capable of being converted into vapour, and is particularly applicable for the
vapourisation of ether.
In this apparatus the liquid is supplied directly through a pipe from a reservoir
called the expansion reservoir, into a second receiver or generator, so that these two
receivers form communicating vessels. Before heat is applied the level of the..
liquid is the same in the two reservoirs, but it alters as soon as the apparatus begins,
to work, i.e., at the moment when heating commences, the level in the expansion-
reservoir rises to a height corresponding to the momentary excess of pressure in the.
generator. When owing to the discharge of vapours from the generator, the
excess of pressure disappears, the levels tend to return to the same height. This
arrangement of two communicating receivers has for its object to avoid the action of
the heat on the liquid when the pressure of the vapours tends to exceed the normal..
pressure.
The requisite temperature of volatilisation of the liquid is attained by employing a
current of hot air, supplied by a pipe, heated in any desired suitable manner.
The production of the vapour is automatically regulated by causing the pressure in
the interior of the expansion reservoir to act directly on the furnace or means for
supplying heat, by means of a suitable device and levers connecting it to the appara-
tus regulating the flame or in any other way controlling the supply of heat.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a transverse, and
Figure 2 a front section of the apparatus according to the present invention.
The expansion-reservoir is constituted by a reservoir A to which the fluid to be
volatilised or vapourised is supplied by a tube B. At its upper part à second tube C
is introduced through which enters air from a forcing pump which is worked until the
pressure in the expansion-reservoir equals that at which the vapours are to be produced.
The expansion reservoir is provided with a jacket or casing D in which circulates water
maintaining the fluid at a low temperature. The fluid to be vapourised is introduced
into the generator through a tube E bent into a helical shape throughout that portion of
its length which is in the water in the jacket or outer casing D of the expansion
reservoir. The generator F is constituted by a series of tubes G secured at their
ends in plates H H¹ and is surrounded by a sheet-metal casing I. The plates H H¹
are secured to flanged plates J J¹. The tube E from the receiver cominunicates with
the space K between the lower plates H and J. The liquid fills this space and rises
in the tubes to a height corresponding to the pressure in each of the reservoirs.
When vapours are formed under the influence of heat, they rise through the tubes
fill the upper space K¹ whence they enter through other tubes L the dome or vapour
chambers M from which they can be led for use through a discharge pipe. The
vapourisation is preferably effected by means of a current of hot air. The air is
heated by means of a furnace or burner N fed in any desired manner and enters
:

page_text: owing to natural draught the jacket P of the vapour chamber by means of a pipe O
the mouth of which is arranged over the flame.
When applied to a motor the hot air may also be first utilised to heat the walls of
the motor, for which gas is usually used before entering the jacket P; the latter
surrounding the dome and completely isolating it from the generator. The air cir-
culates between the jacket and the dome or vapour chamber and heats the vapours
contained in it then passes through an opening R and passage S which has the same
width as the casing I of the generator to which casing said passage is connected. From
there the air enters the generator F passes round the tubes and raises the temperature
of the liquid sufficiently high to effect its volatilisation. After passing through the
generator it escapes through a chimney or exit pipe T. The path of the hot air is
indicated by arrows in Figure 2.
The intensity of the current of hot air increases or decreases according to the
quantity of heat developed by the heating device N. This intensity must vary with
the pressure of the vapour in the dome. As the pressure is the same in all parts of
the apparatus, the pressure in the expansion-reservoir is caused to act directly or
indirectly on the source of heat. For this purpose there is arranged between the
upper wall of the expansion-chamber and its cover U a corrugated plate or diaphagm V
which can alter its shape under pressure. To this plate or diaphragm V is secured
a rod X with shoulders, at the upper end of which is secured a grooved collar or
ring T. The latter operates a bifurcated lever Z which transmits movement to a
rod a and from there to a lever b which regulates the admission of gas or liquid
employed for feeding the furnace or burner N. On the rod X acts a spring c the
tension of which is regulated by means of a nut or cap d screwed on a cover e which
is secured to the top of the expansion reservoir. When the pressure in the
expansion reservoir is greater than that of the spring c on the diaphragm V that is
to say greater than the normal pressure, the diaphragm is flattened out or pressed
upwards and raises the rod X which by means of the levers Z a and b reduces the
supply of heat and the temperature of the air circulating in the apparatus the pro-
duction of vapour becomes the smaller and the pressure becomes smaller until the
diaphragm V and the levers return to their original position under the influence of
the spring c.
In the apparatus hereinbefore described hot air has been referred to as the means of
heating the liquid, but of course any other heating method may be used.
In case of a coal furnace being used, as the intensity of the fire itself cannot be
regulated, the amount of hot air supply may be varied by connecting the lever b to
a valve in the hot air supply pipe O as shown dotted in Figure 2.
The working of the apparatus is simple the liquid is fed into the expansion
reservoir through the tube B. It then passes through the tube E the cavity K and
the tube of the generator. The desired pressure is obtained by supplying air from
a forcing pump through a second tube C entering expansion reservoir. Under the
action of hot air the liquid is volatilised the vapour enters the dome or vapour chamber
M and from there passes to the apparatus or place where said vapour is to be utilised.
There is no danger of an explosion for as soon as the pressure of the vapour in the
generator increases, the liquid is forced back into the expansion reservoir, the pressure
of the air contained in the latter causes the diaphragm V to be raised, whereby the
levers are actuated and regulate the intensity of the flame and consequently the
temperature of the air introduced into the generator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. Apparatus for volatilisation of fluids more particularly of ether comprising two
communicating receivers one of which serves as a generator and the other as an
expansion reservoir, so that the fluid passes back from the first into the second as
soon as the pressure in the generator exceeds the normal pressure thus escaping the

page_text: influence of heat the intensity of which is automatically regulated by and in
accordance with the pressure substantially as described.
2. In apparatus of the character described a device for regulating the temperature
in the generator comprising a corrugated plate or diaphragm capable of altering its
shape and transmitting its motion to a series of levers acting on the source of heat
or on a valve in the supply pipe for heated gas substantially as described.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete apparatus
for volatilising or vapourising fluids substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.