IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR COATING SLIPS, SHEETS, RODS, AND BARS OF METAL, AND LATHS, RODS, AND BOARDS OF WOOD, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES FORMED OF OTHER SUBSTANCES, WITH PAINTS, VARNISHES, AND OTHER LIKE PREPARATIONS, AND DRYING THE SAME
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weild, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR COATING SLIPS, SHEETS, RODS, AND BARS
OF METAL, AND LATHS, RODS, AND BOARDS OF WOOD, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
FORMED OF OTHER SUBSTANCES, WITH PAINTS, VARNISHES, AND OTHER LIKE
PREPARATIONS, AND DRYING THE SAME."
Sealed the 8th September 1859, and dated the 22nd March 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William, Weild at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1859..
I, WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR COATING SLIPS, SHEETS, RODS, AND
BARS OF METAL, AND LATHS, RODS, AND. BOARDS OF WOOD, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
FORMED OF OTHER SUBSTANCES, WITH PAINTS, VARNISHES, AND OTHER LIKE PREPA-
RATIONS, AND DRYING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in combining troughs, rollers, doctors, and brushes
(rotating or stationary) for the purpose of applying paints, varnishes, and other
like preparations to and distributing the same upon slips, sheets, rods, and
bars of metal, and laths, rods, and boards of wood, and similar articles formed.

page_text: of other substances; and also in mechanism and arrangements for the purpose
of receiving such articles as above mentioned when operated upon by the
combination of mechanism above referred to, in such manner as to facilitate
their removal in quantities to places or apparatus where they can dry, and
which arrangements also preserve them from damage while being removed or
when drying; and also in an arrangement of boxes or channels in which the
articles are placed when coated, so as to be subject to the action of currents of
cold or heated air produced by mechanical means. The manuer in which tho
combined mechanism operates is as follows:-The article to be coated with
paint or other like preparation is passed into and through a trough containing
the coating materials so as to be submerged in it; or it is passed between one
or more pairs of rollers rotating in the paint, which coat the article abundantly;
it then passes between "doctors" formed by thin pieces of metal adjusted to
remove the superfluous paint, then between rollers suitably rotated, which
have pressure, so as to pinch and draw and push the article through the
operating parts when entered between them, (two or more pairs of these
rollers may be employed, and one pair may be used in place of the "doctors"
to remove the superfluous paint;) after leaving the rollers the article operated
upon passes between two or more circular brushes suitably rotated, or between
rectilinear brushes, either stationary or made to reciprocate, which distribute
the paint, then the article operated upon is received by an attendant, or by an
endless grid, and is deposited in a frame formed with suitable divisions to
receive a number of such articles, edge up, but so as not to touch each other;
this frame, with the articles on it, can be readily removed to any suitable
situation where the articles can dry, or to a box or channel open at both ends
only, through which a current of hot or cold air can be drawn or driven by a
centrifugal fan or other suitable mechanical means to facilitate the drying of
the articles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Weild in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 80
19th September 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 35
Patent,, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto,
me, the said William Weild, Her special licence that I, the said William
Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such. others as I,.
the said William Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully.
might make, use, exercise, and vend,, within the United Kingdom of Great,
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR COATING SLIPS,.
SHEETS, RODS, AND BARS OF METAL, AND LATHS, RODS, AND BOARDS OF WOOD, AND.
SIMILAR ARTICLES FORMED OF OTHER SUBSTANCES, WITH PAINTS, VARNISHES, AND,
OTHER LIKE PREPARATIONS, AND DRYING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst.
others) that I, the said William Weild, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Weild, do hereby declare,
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in combining troughs, rollers, doctors, and brushes
(rotating or stationary) for the purpose of applying paints, varnishes, and
other like preparations to and distributing the same upon slips, sheets, rods,
and bars of metal, and laths, rods, and boards of wood, and similar articles
formed of other substances; and also in arrangements for the purpose of
receiving such articles as above mentioned, when operated upon by the com-
bination of mechanism above referred to, in such manner as to facilitate their
removal in quantities to places or apparatus where they can dry, and which
arrangements preserve them from damage while being removed or when
drying; and also in an arrangement of boxes or channels in which tho
articles are placed when coated, so as to be subjected to the action of currents
of cold or heated air produced by mechanical means. The manner in which
the combined mechanism operates is as follows:-The article to be coated
with paint or other like preparation is passed into and through a trough
containing the conting materials, so as to be submerged in it, or it is passed
between one or more pairs of rollers rotating in the paint, or between circular

page_text: brushes rotating in contact with a roller or rollers partly immersed in paint,
which coat the article abundantly; it then pases between "doctors" (or
their equivalents) formed by thin pieces of metal, and adjusted to remove the
superfluous paint; then between rollers suitably rotated, which have pressure,
so as to pinch and draw and push the article through the operating parts when
entered between them, (two or more pairs of these rollers may be employed,
and one pair may be used in placo of "doctors" to remove superfluous paint);
after leaving the rollers, the articles operated upon passes between two or
more circular brushes, suitably rotated, or between rectilinear brushes, either
stationary or made to reciprocate, which distribute the paint, and grain it
properly; then the article operated upon is received by an attendant, and is
deposited on a carriage or frame, the articles being piled above each other on
the frame or carriage, rods or laths being placed at intervals upon each layer
of articles to keep them asunder; upon this carriage or frame the articles
are removed into a drying box or chamber, through which currents of cold or
heated air are made to pass by a centrifugal fan or other suitable mechanical
means to facilitate the drying of the articles. The accompanying two Sheets
of Drawing exhibit several views of machines according to my Invention.
Fig. 1 is a front, Fig. 2 a side, and Fig. 8 a plan view of a machine for
operating upon flexible articles like hoop iron. Some parts of the machine in
these views are omitted, others supposed broken away, and others are shown
in section. a is the framing of the machine; b is a trough supported at one
end on the framing a, and by a standard or foot a' at the other end; this
trough is deepest in the middle, at which point a roller b' is placed, which is
submerged in the paint or material to be applied by the machine; is a
lever or arm, the axis of which has bearings on the sides of the trough b; this
arm has a brush, fixed at its end as shown; care a pair of rollers, the axis
of which rotate in bearings formed in the framing a; these rollers are weighted
to pinch the article, and are geared together by wheels c¹ & c, shown in dotted
line in Fig. 2, and receive motion through a wheel c³, fixed on the end of
the lowest roller shaft, which geers with one d¹, fixed on the first motion
shaft d, that rotates in bearings formed by brackets secured to the framing,
e being the fast and loose driving pulleys, and of the sliding belt guide (seen in
Fig. 2); 9 are brackets, the lower ones can be adjusted round the axis of the
lower roller (c), and the upper brackets can be adjusted round the upper
roller (c); this is to give provision for adjusting the circular brushes h, as they
wear (their axis being carried by the brackets), at the same time keeping the
wheels by which they are rotated in geer with those on the axis of the
rollers (c). The upper and lower circular brushes h receive motion through

page_text: wheels h', on the axis of the circular brushes respectively in geer with wheels h²
and on the axis of the upper and lower rollers. Cross stays are attached to
the brackets g, carrying the circular brushes, to which brushes ; are fixed,
slots being provided to render them adjustable to the article to be operated
upon. The brackets 9 carrying each circular brush also carry a "doctor,'
which is a thin slip of steel that can be adjusted to or from the circular brush
to remove the superfluous paint which from the upper "doctor" (k) falls on
the upper roller (c), and from the lower doctor (k) into a trough l, carried
by the framing; the bottom of this trough is inclined so as to collect the paint
to one point, at which a hole is made by which it flows out into a receptacle m,
placed underneath, by which at intervals it is again put back into the trough b,
the plug being first inserted to prevent the paint running on the floor. while
the can (m) is removed.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The end of the flexible article
is pushed into the trough b, under the roller b', and forward till it is entered
between the weighted rollers c, which pinch it and draw it through the
trough 6, forcing the end forward between the circular brushes h and the
fixed brushes j; the roller b' keeps the article immersed, and the brush b³
prevents too much paint passing forward; the grooves in the rollers c permit a
certain quantity of paint to pass; if they were quite smooth, they would allow
very little to pass. The circular brushes h both rotate at the point of contact
in a direction opposite to that in which the article is passing, and distribute
and remove the superfluous paint, and the fixed brushes ; "grain" it. An
attendant is ready to receive the article, and to pull the end through the
circular and fixed brushes when it has passed through the rollers (c), and
remove it away. One end of hoop iron intended for baling purposes is re-
quired unpainted, and the simplest method I have discovered for securing
this object is to fold the ends in slips of paper; the attendant who feeds the
machine has plenty of time to do this while the machine is operating, and
the slips of paper may be employed several times if allowed to dry between
the times of being used.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are respectively a front elevation, a side sectional eleva-
tion, and a plan view of another machine for operating upon articles
which are rigid; a is the framing, one of the cross stays carries two pins
a², which serve as guides to the article to be operated upon while passing
through the machine; care rollers for pushing the article through the
operating parts; the upper roller is weighted against the lower one to give
them sufficient hold of the article. The axis of these rollers work in bearings
formed in the side frames, and receive rotating motion through a wheel (c³)

page_text: The brackets g
on the end of the upper roller shaft, which geers with one (d') fixed on the
first motion shaft d, carried in bearings on the side frames; care the fast and
loose driving pulleys; f, the belt guide and stop slide rod; the brackets g
carry the shafts of the circular brushes h and h³; the brackets are secured to
the framing by bolts passing through cross slots, which permit the circular
brushes to be adjusted while they are kept in gcer; the upper circular brushes
with the upper roller (c), and the lower circular brushes with the lower
roller (c), by the connecting arms 91, seen best in Fig. 6.
carrying the lower circular brushes also carry the axis of a roller b³, partly
submerged in the paint contained in a trough (b) below it, which trough is
supported on a shelf or board carried by the cross stays of the framing. The
upper circular brush (h³) is rotated from the axis of the upper roller (c) by a
wheel c³ upon it, which geers with one h² on the axis of the circular brush (h³),
and the motion from this wheel is transmitted through an intermediate
wheel to the wheel h² on the second upper circular brush. The two lower
circular brushes (h and h³) are driven in like manner to the upper ones (h and
3) from the axis of the lower roller (c) by the wheels h', h², h, and h³, tho
two rollers (c) being geered together by wheels c¹ and c. The roller b
rotating in the paint is driven from the axis of the lower. circular brush h³ by
wheels 63 and 6'. The superfluous paint is removed from the circular brushes
by the adjustable "doctors" k. n are a pair of rollers free in bearings, the
upper one being at liberty to lift to allow the article to pass between them;
they act as a guide to the article passing between the brushes h; jare fixed
brushes made adjustable on cross stays between the brackets (9) carrying the
circular brushes (h and h³).
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The end of the article
to be coated is entered between the roller c, which force it forward between
the first circular brushes (h), that coat it with paint which the lower
circular brush takes from the surface of the roller 62 revolving in the paint
trough ; the lower circular brush charges the upper one with paint as
the brushes overspread the article operated upon, and the brushes work in
contact with each other. The article, after passing between the first pair of
circular brushes (h³) goes between the guide rollers (n), and then between the
second pair of circular brushes (h), which distribute the paint and remove that
which is superfluous; then the article passes between the fixed brushes (j),
which "grain" the paint, and it is received by an attendant, who draws it
through the brushes after the end leaves the roller c; the superfluous paint
removed by the "doctors" k falls back into the paint trough b.
The machines which have been described are only designed to operato

page_text: upon thin narrow articles, but to operate upon broad articles it is only
necessary to increase the width of the machines. Small squaro articles
may be coated by making the rollers (c) with a groove of the V share, so
that two sides will be presented to the upper and two to the lower brushes,
a fixed graining brush being used for each side adjusted parallel with it. For
broad flat articles of considerable thickness, a set of circular and fixed graining
brushes may be employed for the two edges, corresponding to those used in
the machine shewn by Figs. 4, 5, and 6. The circular brushes may be driven
by bevil geer from the upper circular brush; and the two circular brushes for
applying paint may be supplied by a disc of sufficient diameter, centered on
the lower circular brush shaft, and rotating with it in a trough containing the
paint, the circular brush rotating against the side of the disc, which may be
covered with an absorbent material such as flannel, to retain a sufficient
quantity of paint.
The Diagram shown by Fig. 7 illustrates this arrangement.
a is the
article to be operated upon; h', the upper and lower circular brushes;
h³, the edge brushes, geering by bevil wheels with the upper circular brush;
6², the discs, rotating in the paint trough b, supplying the edge circular brushes
(h); and a bearings for the edge circular brushes. The upper circular
brushes may when required be supplied directly with paint in a manner repre-
sented by the Diagram, Fig. 8; h3 being the circular brush, which rotates in
contact with a roller 6 covered with flannel, which is rotated in contact with
another roller c, partly submerged in the paint contained in a trough d, the
roller b and c being driven by suitable geer in the direction pointed by the
arrows. The arrangements for receiving the articles which have been coated
with paint, varnish, or other like material, is a carriage or frame, upon and across
the length of which narrow laths or rods are placed at intervals, upon and
across which the articles rest, side by side; when the breadth of the carrigo
is filled, another series of rods are placed upon the articles, parallel to thoso
underneath, upon which the next layer of articles rest, and so on for any con-
venient number of layers. The carriage or frame, when full, may be moved
into a chamber or box, through which currents of cold or heated air may be
made to pass by a centrifugal fan or other mechanical equivalent. Outlets
should be formed at one end of the upper part of the chamber or box, suffi-
ciently large for the passage of the current of air required.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention and the
modes of carrying it into effect, and wish it to be understood that I claim as
my. Invention, the arrangement and combination of mechanism, substantially
as herein-before described, for coating with paints, varnishes, and other like

page_text: preparations, articles of the nature herein-before mentioned. Also the arrange-
ments for removing, and the system or method of drying such articles by
currents of air produced by mechanical means, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
W. WEILD. (L.S.)"