Improvements in or relating to High and Low Pressure Packings.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 19th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to High and Low Pressure Packings.
I, JAMES RIGG of 11 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
:-
This invention relates to a packing which while suited to both high and low
pressures causes but little friction and is capable of being adjusted to compensate
for wear and tear. The packing is specially applicable to spindles or rods and
pistons or valves of taps and the like but will be generally applicable where such
packings are necessary.
The packing may be composed of indiarubber, vulcanized fibre, leather or other
suitable material.
For application to a spindle or rod the packing consists of a preferably circular
collar or washer or a ring having on one side a central projection the interior of
which is preferably of two different diameters that inside the ring being larger than
the spindle and that towards the end of the projection corresponding with the
diameter of the spindle, this arrangement serving to reduce the bearing surface of
the packing on the spindle.
The outer surface of the projection is tapered and the packing is held in position
in the stuffing box on a preferably correspondingly tapered seating. The packing
projection or cone may be forced more or less into the conical seating by a cap or
equivalent so as to cause the packing to press inore or less tightly on the spindle
in order to adjust it to the low pressure, and a portion of the packing projects
beyond the seating into an annular chamber so that the pressure may act upon
it with the result that the higher the pressure the tighter the packing will be
pressed around the spindle. The packing will present no appreciable resist-
ance to the movement of the spindle by low pressure although it will make a tight
joint.
For application to a piston or the like the packing is preferably in the form of a
cup being tapered at one part of its interior surface and having its rim reduced to
a thin edge so as to give it elasticity at that part.
The packing is held in position between preferably a fixed collar and a nut
screwed on the piston rod and the nut which otherwise fits the cup is not as deep
as the cup but leaves its thinned edge exposed for the high pressure to act upon.
The nut is tapered to correspond with the internal taper of the packing so that it
may be screwed into the cup and cause its outer surface to bear against the wall of
the cylinder in which it works sufficiently tight to allow it to be moved freely by
the low pressure while making a satisfactory joint.
The higher the pressure acting on this packing the tighter the edge of the
packing will be pressed against the wall of the cylinder.
To compensate for wear the nut may be screwed farther into the packing so as
to cause said packing to press tighter against the wall of the cylinder.
It is preferred to make this packing of a diameter somewhat larger than that
of the cylinder and to force it into the cylinder so that when the nut is screwed
into position the rim of the packing will bear properly against the cylinder wall.
It will be obvious that instead of the above described nut, a collar and a nut or
other means for pushing it up may be used.
Dated this 14th day of May 1891.
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to High and Low Pressure Packings.
1, JAMES RIGG, of 11 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a packing which while suited to both high and low
pressures causes but little friction and is capable of being adjusted to compensate
for wear and tear. The packing is specially applicable to spindles or rods and
pistons or valves of taps and the like but will be generally applicable where such
packings are necessary.
The packing may be composed of indiarubber, vulcanized fibre, leather or other
suitable material.
For application to a spindle or rod the packing consists of a preferably circular
collar or washer or a ring having on one side a central projection the interior of
which is preferably of two different diameters that inside the ring being larger than
the spindle and that towards the end of the projection being a close fit upon the
spindle this arrangement serving to reduce the bearing surface of the packing on
the spindle.
"
The outer surface of the projection is tapered and the packing is held in position
in the stuffing box on a preferably correspondingly tapered seating. The packing
projection or cone may be forced more or less into the conical seating by a cap or
equivalent so as to cause the packing to press more or less tightly on the spindle
in order to adjust it to the low pressure and a portion of the packing projects
beyond the seating into an annular chamber so that the pressure may act upon
it with the result that the higher the pressure the tighter the packing will be
pressed around the spindle. The packing will present no appreciable resist-
ance to the movement of the spindle by iow pressure although it will make a
tight joint.
1
For application to a piston or the like the packing is preferably in the form of a
cup being tapered at one part of its interior surface and having its rim reduced to
a thin edge so as to give it elasticity at that part.
as
The packing is held in position between preferably a fixed collar and a mut
screwed on the piston rod and the nut which otherwise fits the cup is not as deep
the cup but leaves its thinned edge exposed for the high pressure to act upon. The
But is tapered to correspond with the internal taper of the packing so that it may
be screwed into the cup and cause its outer surface to bear against the wall of the
cylinder in which it works sufficiently tight to allow it to be moved freely by the
low pressure while making a satisfactory joint.
The higher the pressure acting on this packing the tighter the edge of the packing
will be pressed against the wall of the cylinder.
To compensate for wear the collars and sleeve may be screwed by means of the
nut farther into the packings so as to cause said packings to expand and con-
sequently press more tightly against the wall of the cylinder.
It is preferred to make this packing of a diameter somewhat larger than that
of the cylinder and to force it into the cylinder so that when the nut is screwed
into position the rim of the packing will bear evenly against the cylinder wall.
Instead of the above described nut other means for pressing and expanding the
sleeves may be adopted.
In the accompanying drawing I have for the convenience of illustrating one
useful application of my improved packings shown them as applied to an auto-
matically closing valve or tap the details of which except as regards the packings
constitute no part of the present invention. The valve is shown in longitudinal

page_text: section, open, and only such parts as are necessary to the clear understanding of
the packings are herein described.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawing.
The packing A consists of a preferably circular collar, washer or ring a having
on one side a central hollow projection a' the internal diameter of which at x is
smaller than that of the ring a at y as shown. The smaller diameter is somewhat
smaller than the diameter of the spindle the other part within the ring a being.
made larger so as to prevent the undue expansion of the packing at its base when
the cap A is screwed further on to the body A from jamming the spindle. The
outer surface of the projection a¹ is tapered and fits into a correspondingly tapered
seating or collar G which fits against a shoulder A³ in the casing A and is of such
internal diameter as to permit the pressure of the liquid to act upon the thin end a²
of the projection or cone a¹ so as to keep it tight around the spindle B.
B' is a
collar or annular projection forming part of or fitted upon the spindle B and b is
a reduced portion of said collar which projects beyond the cup C so that by itself
coming in contact with the seating G it prevents the said cup from coming into
contact therewith and secures it against injury. B2 is a longitudinal passage
extending from the rear end of the spindle B towards the front and with which
connects small tributary passages 133 preferably just at the front side of the part b
of collar B. The collar B is tapered at one side so that the cup packing C may
be expanded as hereinafter described. The cup packing C is passed over the rear
end of the spindle B and held in position between the tapered side of the collar B
and the front flange D' of the double flanged sleeve D which fits over the spindle
or between the collar B' and a nut or other similar adjustable device.
The cup packing C is tapered at its interior at e to correspond with the taper
of the collar B' and its rim at c¹ is reduced to a thin edge so as to give it elasticity
at that part against which the pressure is allowed to act by reason of the passages
B and B and grooves G¹ in face of G and by reason of the portion being of
smaller diameter than B' so as to leave the thin edge of cup packing C well
exposed to this pressure.
C is a second cup packing which may be held against the flange D² by means
of the sleeve or collar B' and nut B which is screwed or otherwise suitably secured
on the rear end of the spindle B and between which and the sleeve B* may be pro-
vided a washer Be so that if the spindle B is rotated the nut B³ will rotate along
with it and not be screwed further off or on the spindle so as to loosen or jam the
packings C C B B and B are so shaped as to size or diameter as to allow of
the pressure of the liquid acting on the back edge c¹ of the cup packing C₁ to force
it against the wall of the casing A when the valve is closed and thus prevent the
liquid flowing past it, and it is preferred that the bevil of the edge c¹ of C shall be
less acute than that of C and that the thickness of C' shall be greater than C.
The cup packing C¹ like C is formed taper at its inside at c and the sleeve B is
formed with a corresponding taper. The cylindrical portions of the collar B and
sleeve B are in close contact with the interior cylindrical portions c² of the respec-
tive cup packings C C₁ and serve to retain them in close contact with the sur-
rounding wall of the cylinder or casing A and prevent them from curving inwards,
and the packings C C have each one of the external corners removed as shown
at so as to prevent its being jammed against the casing A by any undue expansion
of the part thereof immediately between the collar B' or sleeve B and the adjacent
flange D or D and also to reduce the bearing surfaces c* of said packing to the
required limits.
The inner end or face of the collar G is grooved so that the water passed through
the passages B2 B3 may when the valve is closed find its way into the chamber A*
so as to press the thin edge c of the cup leather C tightly against the casing A,
but in cases where no such requirements are to be provided for the grooves G³ may
be dispensed with.
When it is desired to tighten the packing A2 around the spindle B the cap A
in turned in the required direction so as to force the cone a' further into the
}

page_text: seating G which will cause it to fit tighter against the spindle B. When it is
desired to tighten the packings C C₁ the nut B is screwed further on to the
spindle so that they are expanded by the collars B and B being forced further
into them; or the collars B B inay be forced into the cup packings in any other
desired manner.
The packings A² C and C¹ may be constructed of leather, indiarubber, vul-
canized fibre or other suitable material and so long as the essential requirements.
as to the elasticity of the thinned edges and the tightness and adjustability of fit
are provided for it does not matter in what manner they are applied nor for what
purpose they may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. A hat packing such as A2 having a taper projection such as a¹ and having its
interior formed with two different diameters as at a and y substantially as and for
the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The combination with the hat packing A2 of an internally tapered seating
such as G so arranged that the thinnest portion a² of the packing may be exposed
to the pressure of the water to force it against the spindle passing through it sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
3. A cup packing such as C having its edge c' reduced so as to render it flexible
to admit of its being forced against the surrounding cylinder or body by the liquid
pressure and whose exterior and interior are made up of cylindrical and tapered
parts such as c c³ and c² c and c¹ substantially as and for the purpose described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
4. The combination with a cup packing such as Chaving its interior made up
of taper and cylindrical parts such as c c c² of a partly taper and partly cylindrical
collar or sleeve such as B or B and a nut or equivalent between which and the
collar or sleeve the packing is adjustably held substantially as described and.
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 12th day of February 1892,
JAMES RIGG.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.