IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR STOWING BAGS OF WOOL, HAIR, JUTE AND THE LIKE INBOARD STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS AND THE FORMATION OF WALLS OF CHAMBERS OR COMPART- PROVISIONAL SPATION BLE FOOD MAY BE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Maguire Whitehead of Lothbury in the City of
London for an Invention of "IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES
FOR STOWING BAGS OF WOOL, HAIR, JUTE AND THE LIKE INBOARD STEAM AND
OTHER VESSELS AND THE FORMATION OF WALLS OF CHAMBERS OR COMPART-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert Maguire Whitehead
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1882.
HERBERT MAGUIRE WHITEHEAD of Lothbury in the City of London
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR STOWING BAGS OF WOOL, HAIR,
JUTE AND THE LIKE INBOARD STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS AND THE FORMATION
OF WALLS OF CHAMBERS OR COMPARTMENTS THEREBY WITHIN WHICH MEAT AND
OTHER PERISHABLE FOOD MAY BE PRESERVED
The object of this Invention is to form open or skeleton partitions of timbers or
battens bars and screws for compressing bales or bags of wool, hair, jute and the
like to serve as walls, partitions or temporary bulkheads to chambers in which
meat and other perishable food may be kept inboard steam ships and vessels used
for the transport thereof, the timbers bars and screws being movable for releasing
the bags of wool, bair, jute or the like when desired and capable of being refixed
in position when and where necessary.
By this Invention food preservation chambers are kept cool the materials being
non conductors of heat and moisture. The materials are imported in large quantities
and when compressed in the manner and for the purposes mentioned above, a great
saving in space and freightage is effected and dispenses with permanent non
conducting walls partitions and bulkheads.
For the purposes of my Invention I bolt or suspend to the " ceiling" frames of a
vessel "tween" decks, a series of uprights provided with threaded rods which can
be turned by levers.

page_text: To the inside of the uprights I fit horizontal-or they may be vertical-timbers
or battens or bars against which the inner ends of the threaded rods bear. If the
inner timbers or bars are vertical I fit other timbers or bars horizontally inside of
them to bear against the bags of wool, hair, jute, flax or other material contained in
such bags.
These bags which I prefer should be of about mattress size are to be arranged on
edge so that one side bears against the side, the deck posts or other parts of the
vessels' framing, the bags being piled so as to fill or nearly fill the space between
floor and ceiling. I then turn the screws to force the internal horizontal or vertical
timbers or bars against the flat portions of the bags to compress the contents, said
compression forcing the ends of the bags outwards and the sides next the skin of
the vessel into close contact with other timbers bars and screws to form an inde-
pendent screen or partition between any part of the vessel, so that the space
between such screens may serve as the chamber in which meat or other food may
be kept or preserved.
My screens of compressed, wool, hair, flax, jute or other material may also form
the flooring and the ceiling or roofing to the chambers as well as the sides and ends,
and any one or more of them may be removed. if desired without disturbing the
others. Thus any part of the vessels' hull can be examined for repairs or other-
wise, or any chamber can be opened by simply removing the bags from one
screen.
By my Invention I obviate the necessity of fitting up permanent walls or
partitions in holds or "tween " decks of vessels as is now done. I also facilitate
the transport of the raw material without injury, and I utilize said raw material as
screens or partitions as non-conducting walls to the chambers in which the meat is
preserved instead of necessitating such raw material being transported as distinct
cargoes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert Maguire Whitehead in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st March 1883.
}
HERBERT MAGUIRE WHITEHEAD of 7 Lothbury in the City of London.
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR STOWING BAGS OF WOOL, HAIR,
JUTE AND THE LIKE INBOARD STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS AND THE FORMATION
OF WALLS OF CHAMBERS OR COMPARTMENTS THEREBY WITHIN WHICH MEAT AND
OTHER PERISHABLE FOOD MAY BE PRESERVED.
The object of this Invention is to form open or skeleton partitions of timbers or
battens bars and screws for compressing bales or bags of wool, hair, jute and the
like to serve as walls, partitions or temporary bulkheads to chambers in which
meat and other perishable food may be kept inboard steam ships and vessels used
for the transport thereof, the timbers, bars and screws being movable for releasing
the bags of wool, hair, jute or the like when desired and capable of being refixed
in position when and where necessary. By this Invention food preservation
chambers are kept cool, the material being non-conductors of heat and moisture..
The materials are imported in large quantities and when compressed in the
manner and for the purposes mentioned above a great saving of space and freightage
is effected and dispenses with permanent non-conducting walls, partitions, and
bulkheads.
For the purposes of my Invention I bolt or suspend to the "ceiling" frames of a
vessel "tween decks" a series of uprights provided with threaded rods which can
be turned by levers. To the inside of the uprights I fit horizontal-or they may
be vertical timbers or battens or bars against which the inner ends of the threaded
rods bear. If the inner timbers or bars are vertical I fit other timbers or bars
horizontally inside of them to bear against the bags of wool, hair, jute, flax or
other material contained in such bags. These bags which I prefer should be of
about mattress size, are to be arranged on edge so that one side bears against, the
side, the deck posts or other parts of the vessels framing, the bags being piled so
as to fill or nearly fill the space between floor and ceiling. I then turn the screws
to force the internal horizontal or vertical timbers or bars against the flat portions
of the bags to compress the contents, said compression forcing the ends of the bags
outwards the sides next the skin of the vessel into close contact therewith or into
close contact with other timbers, bars and screws to form an independent screen or
partition between any part of the vessel, so that the space between such screens
may serve as the chamber in which meat or other food may be kept or preserved.
My screens of compressed wool, hair, flax, jute or other material may also form
the flooring and the ceiling or roofing to the chambers as well as the sides and ends,
and any one or more of them may be removed if desired without disturbing the
others. Thus any part of the vessels hull can be examined for repairs or otherwise
or any chamber can be examined for repairs or otherwise, or any chamber can be
opened by simply removing the bags from one screen.
By my Invention I obviate the necessity of fitting up permanent walls or
partitions in holds or "tween" decks of vessels as is now done. I also facilitate
the transport of the raw material without injury and I utilize said raw material as
screens or partitions as non-conducting walls to the chambers in which the meat is
preserved instead of necessitating such raw material being transported as distinct
cargoes.
J

page_text: The annexed drawings clearly show how I purpose carrying my Invention into
practice although I do not limit myself to the exact details shown or described.
Figure 1 is a part sectional view of a vessel and
Figure 2. a part sectional elevation, in the upper portion of which the wool, hair,
jute or other fibre is shown loosely in position and at the lower portion in a
practically and a wholly compressed state. The wool, hair, jute, or other fibre is
arranged in bags of preferably mattress size say 6 feet by 3 feet for easy handling
and stowage. These are arranged on the long or short ends for the walls or
vertical partitions or bulkheads and on the flat-for floors or ceilings and in single or
double layers as desired.
A. A are hooks whose shanks B B are single as at Figure 3 or double as at
Figure 4 to enable them to be bolted either by through bolts or by pinch bolts to
the ceiling frame C or other part of a vessel for the easy attachment by suspension
or otherwise of horizontal rods or bars D D forming abutments for the upper ends
of vertical bars E E of wood or metal which carry screws FF capable of being turned
by hand lever or wheel G G to press against other bars H H for compressing the
bags II to the desired extent. The bars H H may be of sufficient width to serve
as battens for acting direct upon or against the bags or they may be as bars only
as at Figure 2 to bear against battens J J arranged between them and the bags.
The battens are preferably timber planks roughly cut so that no preparation is
needed for them, other planks K K as battens may if desired be fitted.
The lower part of the bars EE can be stepped into the floor L or into sockets
fitted thereon or they may be bolted firmly to it as at M.
In this drawing have shown the application or employment of my Invention
to the inside of the vessels skin, but it will be readily understood that inter-
mediate temporary screens or bulkheads can be fitted by simply affixing two
sets of screw bars in the opposite direction to each other, at any part of the
vessel.
The screw bars E E may be so arranged that they can be used for compression
purposes only and the battens or planks be then bolted or fixed in position as at
the side shown in the lower part of Figure 1 by angle iron bolted to the floor
and ceiling frame at intervals, the screw bars E E can then be removed and
used in a similar manner for other walls, screens or partitions in the same
vessel.
The lower part of Figure 1 also shows how I purpose arranging bags of wool,
jute, hair or other fibre against the ceiling of a vessel and between the ceiling
frames. In this the bags are first arranged on battens supported by quartering
NN and rods by the hooks, pressure is then applied from underneath in any
suitable manner somewhat beyond that which is intended to enable bars to be
slipped into the hooks and under the battens or quartering to support them the
pressure is then released and the appliances removed leaving the bags etc; as
shown under the middle deck in Figure 1.
Figure 5 represents a half sheer plan of a vessel in which the upright bars PP
are hinged or pivotted to the ceiling framing Q by sockets R, see also Figure 6,
so as to swing from them, or to foot sockets bolted to the deck as at S S so that
they can be folded down upon the floor and the battens and bags arranged upon
them. They can then be turned up and a pressure exerted against the top to
compress the bags until the uprights touch the upper sockets to enable them to be
bolted thereto and be thereby held in position.
If the uprights P P are suspended and their lower ends left loose, I fit ribs U
to project from the inner portion of the ships side V to retain the bags temporarily
in position until the requisite number be inserted between the skin V¹ and the
uprights P P I then by lever screw or other pressure force the lower ends of the
uprights in and bolt them to the sockets or steps as at S¹.
In some cases I cast or otherwise form the upper sockets with a wing W to
enable horizontal bars Y to be fitted preferably by a bolt to them, the opposite

page_text: end being similarly fitted or with a clamp for attachment to a deck post X or to
an appliance fitted to receive it.
The mode of compressing may be the same as that last described or as desired.
I have hitherto referred to walls, screens, partitions, bulkheads, and ceilings for
my system of compressed wool, hair, jute or fibre in bags for meat or provision
preservation chambers but the floors may be also formed by them so as to isolate
the chambers from the atmosphere and other contaminating or destructive
surroundings and said chambers may contain any antiseptic, deodorizing or
preserving agent as desired.
Figures 7 to 12 show details of sockets etc which I propose to use with the last
described arrangement.
From the foregoing description and an examination of the drawings it will be
evident to practical men that various modifications of appliances may be adopted
for the purpose of carrying my Invention viz that of utilizing bags of wool,
hair, jute and other fibres as walls, partitions, screens, bulkheads in vessels
into effect.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed I do not claim the compression of bags containing
wool, hair, jute or other fibre inboard ships or vessels in a broad sense because
such may be effected by simply placing a series of bags one upon another and by
then forcing the top one in place which being done at intervals could form chambers
but what I do claim as novel and useful is :
.
The improved system or method of forming or building up temporary partitions
in-board ships or vessels by the utilization of bags containing wool, hair, jute
or fibre as hereinbefore described and substantially as shown in the annexed
drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Herbert Maguire Whitehead have hereunto
set my hand and seal this sixth day of February in the year of our Lord,
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three.