IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING TELE- GRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS, APPLICABLE TO ARMIES IN
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to the Honourable Frederick William Cadogan,
of Hertford Street, May Fair, in the County of Middlesex, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING TELE-
Sealed the 7th April 1854, and dated the 14th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Honourable
Frederick William Cadogan at the, Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with his .Petition, on the 14th October 1853..
I, the Honourable. FREDERICK WILLIAM CADOGAN, of Hertford Street,
May Fair, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING TELE-
GRAPHIC COMMUNICATIONS, APPLICABLE TO ARMIES IN THE FIELD," to be as
follows:-
For this purpose a carriage is employed, divided into two compart-
ments; one compartment is fitted with shelves and recesses to contain
batteries and apparatus suitable for obtaining electric currents; the
other compartment of the carriage is fitted with a table, on which the
electric telegraphic apparatus or instrument is fixed, and there are
seats for the persons communicating or receiving information. It is

page_text: preferred that the upper part of this compartment should open in its
centre, and fall back on either side. Under the seats will be fitted two
rollers on either side, having insulated wire wound thereon, such rollers
being intended to be mounted on brackets or bearings fixed outside of
the carriage when the wire is to be run out therefrom. To one end of
the axle of the roller a small cog wheel is fixed, which is suitable for
gearing with a screw worked by a crank handle; or other gearing may
be employed for giving motion to the barrel or roller; or motion may be
given to the barrel or roller by its being in communication with one of
the wheels of the carriage, and moved by it.
The insulated wire will be taken in or run off the barrel or cylinder,
according to the direction in which it is turned. There is attached to
the carriage a Manby's mortar, or other suitable apparatus for throwing
an insulated wire across a river or other inland water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Honourable Frederick William Cadogan in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J,
the Honorable FREDERICK WILLIAM CADOGAN, of Hertford Street, May
Fair, in the County of Middlesex, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourtenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,.
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick William. Cadogan, Her
special licence that I, the said Frederick William Cadogan, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick
William Cadogan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING TELEGRAPHIC COM-

page_text: MUNICATIONS, APPLICABLE TO ARMIES IN THE FIELD," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Frederick William Cadogan, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should. particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office. within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I; the said Frederick William Cadogan, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by. the following statement thereof (that is to say):
For this purpose a carriage is employed, divided into two compart-
ments; one compartment is' fitted with shelves and recesses to coritain
batteries and apparatus suitable for obtaining electric, currents; the
other compartment of the carriage is fitted with a table, on which the
electric telegraphic apparatus or instrument is fixed, and there are seats
for the persons communicating or receiving information. The upper
part of this compartment may be arranged to open in its centre, and
fall back on either side. There are rollers, having insulated wire
wound thereon, such rollers being intended to be mounted on brackets
or bearings, in or outside of the carriage, when the wire is to be run
out therefrom. To one end of the axle of the roller a small cog wheel
is fixed, which is suitable for gearing with a cog wheel or with a screw
worked by a crank handle; or other gearing may be employed for
giving motion to the barrel or roller; or motion may be, given to the
barrel or roller by its being in 'communication with one of the wheels
of the carriage, and moved by it. The insulated wire will be taken in
or run off the barrel or cylinder, according to the direction in which
it is turned. There is attached to the carriage a Manby's mortar, or
other suitable apparatus for throwing an insulated wire across a river
or other inland water.

page_text: my Invention. a, a', is the body of the carriage formed into two com-
partments; the.cover b, over the hinder compartment being hinged to
the sides of thercarriage so as to be capable of being opened and fixed
at an angle to, reflect light into.the. interior of the carriage when in
nse, the under surface of the cover being furnished with any suitably
reflecting surface for that purpose. The compartment a, is fitted with
shelves or recesses. c, c, for.containing the batteries or other apparatus
suitable for obtaining electric currents. d, is a roller upon which the
insulated wire is wound, and from which it is run off when in use; one
end of the roller d, is formed with a square, which fits into a square
socket formed in, the axis e, which is supported in bearings affixed to
one side of the carriage, the other end of the roller turning freely in a
bearing fixed to the other side of the carriage. When it is desired to
take in the wire upon the roller d; the clutch e, (which slides on a
feather on the axis e,) must be moved into gear by the lever f, with the
clutch formed on the boss of the toothed-pinion g, and motion may then
be given to the pinion and roller g, by the attendant turning the handle
on the toothed wheel 'h, which turns on a stud fixed to the side of the
carriage; ; is a break lever to control the motion of the roller when
giving out the-wire; dx, dx, are guide-rollers over which the insulated
wire is conducted dd, are additional rollers, placed for convenience
in the compartiment a', having insulated wire" wound thereon, to be
nised, if necessary, when the wire is all run off the roller d; j, is a table
for supporting any suitable indicating apparatus; and k, k, are seats
for attendants; m is a Manby's mortar, placed on the fore part of the
carriage, or any other convenient' position, for the purpose of throwing
an insulated wire across a river or elsewlierć. The apparatus connected
with the carriage may also be employed for firing trains or other similar
purposes by the electric or galvanic apparatus described.
"When using this apparatus in the field a- connection is made with
the earth or with water, as is well understood. The end of the insu-
lated wire is to be carried to the locality where another telegraphic
instrument is to be situated, where there is also to be a communication
made with the earth, and the distant instruments are to be connected
to the insulated or circuit wire and with the earth, as is well understood

page_text: so as to produce an electric circuit. I would state that either galvanic
batteries or electro magneto apparatus may be used for obtaining the
requisite electric currents. I would state that, although I prefer to use
the earth as part of the circuit, I do not confine myself thereto, as the
circuit may be wholly of wire properly insulated, as is well understood.
In using the apparatus the laying out the wire, when on a field, may be
done either by the carriage moving away from a spot where one of the
telegraph instruments is to be situated, paying out the wire as the
carriage is drawn away; or, the carriage having been brought to its
position, the insulated wire may be run out and carried by the hand.
By this arrangement not only is the whole apparatus necessary to con-
struct an electric telegraph in any locality compactly arranged, but by
reason of the insulated wire being wound on an axis with suitable
gearing to wind and unwind the same, and the whole apparatus being
inza carriage on wheels, the same may be transported from place to
place with great facility; and although I prefer that the carriage
should be such as to be drawn by horses, I do not confine myself
thereto, for if the requisite insulated wire is wound on a roller or rollers
on axes with suitable gearing to wind and unwind the insulated wire,
and the same are combined with and carried by a suitable carriage on
wheels, whether arranged to be moved on the field by beasts or by hand,
the same will be according to my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick William Cadogan,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
four
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
FRED. CADOGAN. (L.S.).