Improvements in Electric Heating Devices.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 29th June, 1897--Accepted, 31st July, 1897
French Republic, Engineer.]
Improvements in Electric Heating Devices.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS, of 70, Market Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved device or appliance for heating
and warming by means of electricity, and which, whilst it is capable of very
general industrial and domestic utilisation, is particularly applicable for use in
substitution for hot plates in cloth finishing presses, and for other like purposes.
The new or improved device or appliance consists preferably of three layers of
card-board or other like material, secured together. Around the central layer
or a part of it, there is arranged an electrical conductor or a series of such conduc-
tors, externally connected with a suitable source of electricity. When the electric
circuit is closed, the heat produced by the resistance of the wires included in the
device, is disseminated through the whole plate, which thus becomes an efficient
warming or heating device. Ordinarily, the two outer layers will be of cardboard
or millboard, and the inner one asbestos, but other arrangements may be employed.
Indeed, the whole appliance may, in effect, consist of a single layer in the midst
of which the electric conductors are included.
Dated this 29th day of September AD 1896
WILLIAM E. HEYS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Heating Devices.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70 Market Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement.
This Invention relates to an improved Electric Heater which has been especially
designed for use in electric tramway and railway vehicles, in electrically propelled
carriages, and in other vehicles and places and for other purposes where electrical
current is available.
The apparatus constructed according to this Invention may be of any convenient
dimensions and form, such forms for example as those of plates and tubes. Its
basis is asbestos cardboard upon which is wound any suitable metallic wires the

page_text: dimensions of which have been calculated to give the electrical resistance necessary
for the required temperature. The wire covered basis is again covered with an
asbestos envelope, and the whole is enclosed in an envelope which should be con-
structed to exclude moisture.
The wire on the basis is connected by its ends to terminals such as metallic
eyelets to which also the leading wires are connected.
The new electrical heaters can advantageously be employed to replace the
metallic plates which are heated by a current of electricity and which have for
some time past been employed in hot presses for finishing textile fabrics, as dish
warmers, and as means for warming and for transmitting heat for domestic and
industrial purposes by the aid of electricity.
The accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example, one form of con-
struction of an electrical heating plate in which these improvements are
embodied.
Figure 1 represents a front view and Figure 2, a back view, the greater portion
of the outer or visible envelope being in each case supposed to be torn away.
Figure 3 represents a longitudinal section of the complete plate. The sheet A,
which is preferably constructed of asbestos cardboard but which may alternatively
be formed of other suitable analogous material, has made in its two ends the
slots a a, to receive the metallic wire B, spirally wound around it. This sheet A,
may then have glued or otherwise secured upon it the two external sheets D D,
which may be for example cardboards or other fair conductor of heat. If metal
external coverings be employed, precautions must be taken that these coverings do
not short-circuit the current in the conductor B. The two ends of the wire B
are electrically connected with two terminals which may be simply and conveni-
ently formed by the two metallic eyelets C C. Connection with the external
circuit is made through the agency of these two terminals.
Naturally, the construction of the apparatus will vary considerably according to
the purpose to which it is to be applied and the degree of heat desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:-
1. An electrical heating appliance consisting of a basis upon which an electric
conductor is laid or wound, and an external envelope; constructed substantially as
herein before described.
2. An electrical heating appliance composed of a central asbestos cardboard
upon which an electric conductor is laid or wound, and which is protected by two
similar sheets of suitable material secured one upon either side of the asbestos
cardboard; constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described and
as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 24th day of June A.D. 1897.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.