Im- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE WINDOWS IN THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CAR- RIAGES TO PREVENT DUST AND DIET FROM ENTERING THE CARRIAGES WHILE IN MOTION
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Bryant Childs, of 16, Mark Lane;
London, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of “Im-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE WINDOWS IN THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CAR-
RIAGES TO PREVENT DUST AND DIET FROM ENTERING THE CARRIAGES WHILE IN
MOTION."
Sealed the 24th February 1874, and dated the 3rd September 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Bryant Childs
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd September 1878.
.I, AUGUSTUS BRYANT CHILDS, of. 16, Mark Lane, London, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE WINDOWS IN THE DOORS OF
RAILWAY CARRIAGES TO PREVENT DUST AND DIRT FROM ENTERING THE CARRIAGES
WHILE IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
=
The object of my improvement is to prevent. the dust or dirt from
entering railway carriages through the openings in the door windows
while the carriages are in motion. This is effected by providing the

page_text: outer sides of the doors opposite the windows, or at each side of the
windows or window openings, with swinging deflective strips or boards
three or four inches wide, more or less, and made to extend an inch or
two, more or less, from below the lower edge of the windows in the doors
to an inch or two more or less above the upper edge of the windows in the 5
doors, or to the top of the doors if desired. They may be attached to the
side of the doors, door frames, or body of the carriage opposite the
windows or window openings in the doors, as the structure of the
carriage and circumstances may suggest.
The deflectors can be attached to the doors by suitable constructed 1
hinges, or pivots may be employed at each end of the deflectors for this
purpose.
The deflectors are made to have a swinging motion or play of about
90 degrees, more or less. This motion will be governed by stop lugs
or pins attached to the door frame, or the inner edge of the deflectors 1
may be chamfered to an angle suitable to regulate its required swing
by having the chamfered edge to come against the door or door
frame.
The swinging motion is given to the deflectors in order that they may
adjust themselves to the required angle of the window or window 20
openings in the doors by the motion of the carriage, causing the air to
act on and move the deflectors to a proper angle for deflecting or
excluding the dust and dirt from the carriage while in motion, which
also causes them to be self-acting, and thereby dispenses with the
necessity of an attendent to place them in working position.
The swinging motion given to the deflectors is sufficient to adjust
themselves in either direction to the required angle to prevent the dust
and dirt entering the carriage while they are in motion in opposite
directions on the same line or rails.
28
The angle at which the deflectors are set when at work is about 80
45 degrees, more or less, with the body of the carriage or face of the
door. Experience will determine the angle for working them at, to
which they will be adjusted.
The deflectors may be composed of any suitable material, or a frame
may be used and provided with glass, canvas, or wire gauze to serve as 35
deflectors

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Augustus Bryant Childs in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th February 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTUS
BRYANT CHILDS, of 16, Mark Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty.
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Augustus Bryant Childs, Her special
licence, that I, the said Augustus Bryant Childs, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Augustus Bryant Childs,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE WINDOWS IN THE DOORS OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES TO PREVENT DUST AND DIRT FROM-ENTERING THE CARRIAGES WHILE IN
- MOTION," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Augustus
Bryant Childs, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal--Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustus Bryant Childs, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of my improvement is to prevent the dust or dirt from
entering railway carriages through the openings in the door windows
when the windows are down while the carriages are in motion. This is
effected by providing the outer sides of the doors opposite the windows,
or at each side of the windows or window openings, with swinging

page_text: deflecting strips or boards three or four inches wide, more or less, and
made to extend an inch or two, more or less, from below the lower edge
of the window openings in the doors, to an inch or two, more or less,
above the upper edge of the window openings in the doors, or to the top
of the doors if desired. They may be attached to the side of the doors,
door frames, or body of the carriage opposite the windows or window
openings in the doors, as the structure of the carriage and circumstances
Max est

page_text: Reference is here made to the accompanying Drawings forming part
of this Specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,
Similar letters refer to like parts in the different plans.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a portion of a passenger's railway carriage,
showing the deflectors applied to the doors; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section
view of Fig. 1 through the line H, H.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged transverse section of a door of a railway carriage
showing the deflectors applied, and Fig. 4 is a partial elevation of the.
door represented by Fig. 3 for more fully showing one method of
attaching the deflector to the doors..
Figs. 1 and 2 are intended to show the action and position of the
deflectors, while the carriage is in motion, for the purpose of defecting
or excluding dirt, dust, and unpleasent draft or currents of air, or wind
from entering the compartments of the carriage. The carriage is
supposed to be moving in the direction of the arrows a, which would
cause a current of air produced by the motion of the carriage to pass in
the opposite direction as denoted by the arrows marked on or near the
deflectors in the various Figures.
A represents the body of the carriage; B, the doors; C, C³, the
deflectors, usually made about six inches wide, and swung on and
supported by the eye bolts or brackets d, d³, to the doors B. The ends
of the deflectors C, O, in order to make them substantial are shoed or
enclosed in a recess or grooved metal plates f.f, which may be secured
to the end of the deflectors by pins or screws h, h, as represented in
Fig. 8. These metal pieces f. f, are partly made square where they
come in contact with or next to the door, for the purpose of acting as
stops to govern the extent of the motion of the deflecters, as more fully
represented at e, e', in Fig. 8. The present position of the deflectors 0,0¹,
are regulated by the projections e³, e³, and when they are reversed, as
represented by the dotted lines in Fig. 3, they will be held in position by
the projection e, e, made on the opposite side of the spindle g, fully
shown in Fig. 8.
The deflectors may be detached from the doors by removing the nut n

page_text: The dust, dirt, and unpleasent currents of air or wind are excluded
from the carriage by the deflectors 0, 0, in the following manner:-The
- carriage, Fig. 2, is supposed to be traveling in the direction indicated by
the arrows a, which would cause the dust, dirt, and air to strike the
deflectors, as represented by the arrows marked on or by the side of the
deflectors 0, 0, and thereby deflect or prevent it from entering the
carriage through the window openings in the doors B, B. The forward
deflectors C, O, in the present supposed motion of the carriage would
exclude or prevent the great body of dust and dirt from entering the
'carriages, as denoted by the three arrows marked forward of the deflectors
(see Fig. 2), while the deflectors 0¹, 0³, would have to deflect or exclude
comparatively less dust and dirt, as but little of it would strike against
or near the inner edge of the deflectors 0¹, C³, as denoted by the single
arrow marked on or by the side of these deflectors.
One deflector could be made sufficiently wide to exclude the dust and
dirt from the carriage, but this would necessitate changing the single.
deflector from one to the other side of the door every time the motion of
the carriage is reversed, and its increased width would obstruct the view
from the interior of the carriage. For these reasons a deflector on each
side of the doors as represented is preferable.
The manner of constructing and attaching the deflectors to the doors
and regulating the extent of their motion for deflecting or excluding the
dust, dirt, and wind from the carriages may be accomplished by any
known mechanical means, so long as the deflectors are placed at the
proper angle, and held in position by any known means of fastening, for 2
instance, by buttons, pins, stops, or hooks and eye bolts, or any other
analogous means may be employed for placing and holding the deflectors
to the proper angle, for the purpose before stated.
If desired, the metal pieces f. f, on the ends of the deflectors may be
dispenced with, and the ends of them provided with a metal rod to serve 8
as spindles g, inserted in the ends of the deflectors for supporting them
by the eye bolts d, d¹³, and the stops e, e², may be separately made of
metal, wood, or other suitable material, and attached to any part of the
inner edge of the deflectors, for regulating their proper position to
prevent the dust, dirt, and draft of air or wind from entering the carriage 3
while in motion.

page_text: It is found by excluding the dust and dirt more particularly from
first class carriages, that it very much saves the furniture and preserves
the finish of the interior of the carriage, and also lessens the cost for
cleaning the same.
It is also found in moderately cold weather, if desired, the windows of
the doors of the carriage may be left down when the deflectors are used
while the carriage is in motion, without producing unpleasent draft or
currents of air or wind, which causes the compartments in the carriages
to be well ventilated at all times, and consequently more pleasent and
healthy to the occupants.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, however, I do not confine myself to the use of
any particular form or size of deflectors or mechanical means of attaching
them to the doors or body of the carriage, as such is more or less
governed by the structure and condition of carriages to which the
improvement may be applied, but what I claim is, providing the doors
of railway carriages with deflectors C, C¹, for deflecting or excluding the
dust and dirt from entering the interior of the carriage or compartments
therein in the manner and for the purposes described in the foregoing
Specification.
In witness wherof, I, the said Augustus Bryant Childs, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-