Improvements in Appliances for Sliding and other Window Sashes also in the Method and Means of Converting the Revolving Sashes.
Year: 1897

page_text: I NOVISIONAL DIVITIVдпов.
Improvements in Appliances for Sliding and other Window Sashes
also in the Method and Means of Converting the
Revolving Sashes.
same, into
I, ROBERT ADAMS, of 67, Newington Causeway, London, S.E., Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
The objects of my invention are to provide improved means for making and also
converting ordinary sliding and other window sashes into revolving sashes and
to fit ordinary sliding and revolving reversing and swinging sashes with improved
fittings for raising, lowering revolving, reversing, and fastening the same and
excluding draught.
According to my invention I sometimes divide the stiles of the sashes into two
parts vertically, one part acting as a stile to the sash and the other (hereinafter
called the slip) as a guide on one side of the parting bead. I then fit the two
adjacent faces of each stile and slip with suitable hinges or pivots to enable the
sashes to be revolved or opened to any desired angle between the slips, such pivots
may be fixed in the centre of the stile or at any distance therefrom, but prefer-
ably at or near the centre of gravity of each sash.
The slip is fitted with the ordinary sash balances, or equivalent devices, in
any suitable manner, but I prefer to secure it to the slip by means of specially
made threaded screws, one end of which is tapered and pointed or otherwise suit-
ably formed to pass through the slip and sash end of the line transversely. For
the same purpose I sometimes fit specially made metallic sockets or fanged cord
holders to the end of the cord to be fitted to the slip.
One method of attaching the stile to the slip is by means of pivots or bearings
which may be formed in several ways one bearing being fitted into the slip and
another into the stile. These receive specially prepared pivots. In some cases
they are partially screw threaded. These pivots are inserted in their bearings and
are suitably retained therein..
I also sometimes fit movable strips of metal, or other material, into suitably
prepared grooves formed in the stile and slip. These strips exclude draughts
where the divisions occur, and render old sliding windows reversible to prevent
accidents while cleaning, painting, glazing, and repairing, as all these can be
done inside the room, yet as weather proof as other sliding sashes which are not
reversible. The weather strips are so fitted that they may be entirely withdrawn
into the grooves in the sash stiles to enable the sashes to be revolved, and partially
propelled therefrom and enter the corresponding groove in the slip, to render
the sash weather proof at the meeting faces.
One method of working the strip consists in fitting the stiles with screws (pre-
ferably two) in each stile, with milled or otherwise formed heads for turning the

page_text: .
same. I provide two suitable abutments thereon, each of which operates directly
or otherwise upon the tongues, one to propel and the other to withdraw them.
A screw socket is fitted to the slip to receive the end of the screw, and a plate or
other guide, is fitted to the stile to secure the screw and tongue in position.
Another method consists in fitting segmental portions of dises (preferably two)
in each stile, working on central pivots, and attaching the strip thereto at a suit-
able distance from their centres by suitable means, the dises being turned upon
their centres to propel or withdraw the weather strip as above described.
In another modification I utilize the pivots on which I make a threaded screw
mounted with tapped lugs fixed to the moveable tongue; these pivots on being
revolved propel or withdraw them into the aforesaid grooves in the stile and slip,
the pivots pass through and unite the stile and slip and bearings fixed thereto, or
the pivot may be formed with abutments to propel or withdraw the tongue in a
similar manner to the milled head screws. In this case the pivots are not captive,
but, being screwed into their bearings, in revolving the pivot it is partially with-
drawn or propelled and carries the tongue in like manner with it.
This method may be further varied by making a straight or diagonally formed
rack on the tongue, which may be controlled by a suitably formied rack or wheel
on the pivot, which, on being revolved, carries the tongue in the direction desired.
This may be assisted by the use of links as previously described.
These links may also be used otherwise than operating synchronously with the
pivots which may be similar to those herein before described, and also as shewn:
in my former Patents 49348 and 876586. These with or without hooks, as also
described in the same patents, may be manipulated by a lever pin or its equiva-
lent, inserted in a specially made aperture in the link base, which I prefer to pass
through the stile, and in which it is made to rotate as desired, to propel or
withdraw the tongue. I sometimes fit the hook levers with pins similar to those
shown in my said Specification No. 876586. Or, as its equivalent, I sometimes fit
such pins in the tongue itself, and pass them through the stile, or I insert a lever
in the stile, or a combination of the same, to propel or withdraw the tongue.
For vertically hung sashes I fit the same with pivots or double knuckle hinges on
the frame and sash. I also construct rebates on the stile and frame hinged or
detachable. I also fit hinged weather bars on the inside of the transom as also on
the inside of the bottom rail, so that the sash may be opened outwards for ordi-
nary ventilation and inwards for cleaning, yet perfectly weather proof."
In some instances I hinge sliding sashes vertically to facilitate repairs and clean-
ing their outside from within. For this purpose I fix pintle hinges to the pulley
stile. These may be made to fold up flush thereon, or they may slide in flush,
or draw out therefrom at will, to attach them to the sash, which may be fitted
with hinged or other receivers. I also sometimes fit a plate to the inside of the
top rail of the upper sash, the edge of which plate may be half an inch or there-
abouts below the moulding, and in the top of the lower sash insert suitable
hooks or their equivalents, on which I hang the sash plate carrying the sash.
Thus on opening the lower sash on its hinges into the room, after detaching one
of the cords, the outside of the upper sash is also brought into the room for
cleaning &c. This dispenses with separate hinges for the top sash, when so
desired. Or in lieu of the sash plate and hooks, I insert suitable screws or hooks
in the top and meeting rails, on whose heads I fix portable straps of leather, or
their equivalent, for attaching the upper to the lower sash. This may be further
varied to effect the same object. I also sometimes divide the beads on the oppo-
site pulley stile to that fitted with the hinges. I also fix sockets to receive the
upper end of the removable part, suitable screws and receivers or their equivalents
are used to fix the parting bead in its place. The front bead may also be
similarly fitted for its easy removal or refixing, but it will be inanifest that one
or both of these heads may be hinged and fastened, if so preferred, to the pulley
stile and to fold back when reversing the sash. Or suitably made tongues may
be fixed to the sash stiles to slide in the parting bead groove in the pulley, stile,
1

page_text: to guide the sashes and to exclude draughts. This modification is specially suit-.
able for converting existing sliding windows and applicable also to swing windows.
It is very neat and practically free from loseable parts.
1009
Improvements in Appliances for Sliding and other Window Sashes,
also in the Method and Means of Converting the same into
Revolving Sashes.
I, ROBERT ADAMS, of 67, Newington Causeway, London, S.E., Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The objects of my invention are to construct window sashes in such a manner
that they maybe capable of sliding, vertically in the usual manner, and also that
the outsides of the sashes may be turned into the room upon horizontal or vertical
pivots or hinges; also to effect the conversion of ordinary window sashes into
revolving reversing, and swinging sashes; also to effect improvements in the
fittings applied to such sashes, for raising lowering, revolving, reversing, and
fastening the same and excluding draught; and also to simplify such means and
operations so as to facilitate and reduce the cost of effecting the same.
་ ་
One method of carrying out my invention consists in dividing the stiles of the
sliding sashes into two parts, vertically, one part acting as a stile to the sash
and the other (hereinafter called the slip) as a guide on one side of the parting
bead. I then fit the two adjacent faces of each stile and slip with suitable hinges
or pivots to enable the sashes to be revolved or opened at any desired .angle be-
tween the slips; and my invention consists also in the application of improved
fittings to such windows, as hereinafter described and claimed.
F
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascer-
tained, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings in which similar
figures of reference indicate corresponding parts.
: F
Fig. 1 is a general perspective view, illustrating the application of my inven-
tion to sliding window sashes fitted with pivots to enable them to revolve upon
horizontal centres, hereinafter referred to as swing window sashes.
Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating the application of my invention to sliding
window sashes fitted with hinges for revolving upon vertical centres or axes,
hereinafter referred to as hinged window sashes.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section showing one method of fitting my improved pivots
to swing window sashes.
Fig. 4 is a vertical section showing my improved method of fitting the tongue
for excluding draught between the stile and slip.
Fig. 5 is a detail side-view of the same.
Fig. 6 is a detail view of one of the cams used in operating the tongue.:
Fig. 7 is a front view of another form of cam for actuating and securing the
tongue, and
Fig. 8 is an edge view of the same. :
Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of a swing window sash, showing the stile and
slip drawn together by screws and the tongue propelled into the groove in the slip
to exclude draught.

page_text: Fig. 10 is a section on the line ab of Fig. 9.
Fig. 11. is a detail drawing showing the screw and tongue withdrawn.
Fig. 12 shows another method of fitting the tongue.
Fig. 13 is a side view of the same
Fig. 14 is an elevation showing one method of fitting hinged sashes.
Fig 15 is a side view (partly in section) showing the pintles attached to the
pulley stile..
Fig. 16 is an enlarged sectional elevation, showing a method of attaching the
upper sliding sash to the lower hinged sash for cleaning and other purposes.
Fig. 17 is a top view of the same.
Fig. 18 is a sectional detail showing the method of fitting a hinged socket to
the sash to receive the pintle.
Fig. 19 is a front view of the same.
Fig. 20 shows another method of temporarily attaching the upper sliding sash
to the lower hinged sash by means of leather straps 73 shown in position in
Fig. 20, and in plan view in Fig. 21.
Figs. 22, 23, 224, and 22" are detail drawings showing other methods of sup-
porting the upper sliding sash by means of pivoted pintles attached to the lower
hinged sash.
Fig. 24 is a section of a parting bead secured to the pulley stile by means of
metallic clips.
Fig. 25 is a horizontal section or plan of the same.
Fig. 26 is a plan showing one method of fitting the slips to the sashes.
Figs. 26, 26, 26° and 26" are details in connection with Fig. 26.
Figs. 27 and 28 are right and left hand horizontal sections showing methods of
fitting the hinges to sashes without slips.
Fig. 29 shows my improved double-butt hinge for mounting casements and the
like, the hinge being formed with a projection fitting into a groove in the frame
for excluding draught.
Figs. 30 is a section and 30* an elevation showing another means of prevent-
ing draught in swing casements and the like..
Fig. 31 illustrates a method of attaching the sash line to the stile or slip, by
means of pointed screws.
Fig. 32 illustrates another method of attaching the sash line by means of
barbed spikes.
Fig. 33 illustrates an ordinary attachment which I sometimes use and which is
not new.
Referring to Fig. 1;-41 is the upper swing window sash, fitted as described
for cleaning and other purposes, and 40 is the lower swing window sash.
Fig. 2 shows the method of operating the hinged window sashes, the upper
sash 41 being brought down to the level of the lower hinged window sash, and
turned into the room thereon.
Fig. 3 illustrates one of my improved methods of fitting pivots to swing sashes,
42 is the stile and 43 the slip. The stile is fitted with a metallic brush 44 in
which the neck of the screw pivot 45 is held, as shown.
The screwed portion of the pivot meshes with a metallic lug 46 attached to the
tongue 47, whereby the tongue can be projected into the groove in the slip or
withdrawn therefrom by a half turn or otherwise of the screw. The plain end
of the pivot passes through metallic bushes 48, 49, fitted to the stile and slip
respectively. When the tongues are withdrawn from the slips, as shown in Fig. 3,
the sash is capable of being swung upon its centres, as shown in Fig. 1.
Figs. 4 to 8 show other methods of mounting and operating the tongues. In
Fig. 4 the pivot 45 is shown by dotted lines with a screw thread at the end
meshing with a screwed socket 60 fitted to the slip 43, the plain part of the
pivot 45 passing through the bush 61 and stile 42. In the same figure coupled with
Fig. 6, is shown a method of fitting parallel motion tongues to both swinging and
hinged sashes. 52 is a lever pivoted at 53 the upper end of the lever being fitted
}

page_text: with a projecting cam 54. This end of the lever passes into a recess 55 formed
in the slip 43 where it clips the back of a plate 56 attached to the same slip 43,
as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 7, whereby the stile and slip are drawn together
and locked. The lever 52 may be turned in either direction by means of a nail or
other suitable article inserted in the gap 57 or by a square ended key inserted in
the hole 58, or by other suitable means.
The parallelism of the tongue 47 is secured by means of two or more levers 52,
as indicated in Figs. 4 and 6. The tongue 47 is secured to each lever 52 by
pins 59.
Another method of locking the slip 43 with the stile 42, whereby they are
rendered incapable of independent longitudinal motion, consists in fitting a
bolt 92, formed as a rack, to be operated by a portion of a toothed pinion on the
boss of the lever 52, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 7.
.
Figs. 9 and 10 show another form of pivot 45, the end of which is hard
screwed into a plate 60 secured to the slip 43. The stile 42 is bushed at 61, and
the sash revolves upon the plain end of the fixed pivot 45. 62, 62, are threaded
screws, having an annular groove forming a neck 63.
+
The threaded screw meshes into the screwed socket 64. Brackets (forked or
otherwise) 65 are fixed to the tongue 47, the forks embracing the neck 63 of the
screw. On turning the screw forward the stile and slip are drawn tightly together,
and the tongue 47 is projected into the groove in the slip simultaneously, thus
forming a weather-tight joint, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10; and, on withdrawing
the screw 62, the stile is detached from the slip, and the tongue is withdrawn from
groove in the slip, as shown in Fig. 11. The sash is then free to swing upon
its pivots.
the
;
The
Figs. 12 and 13 show another method of fitting, swing window sashes.
spindle 45 is fitted as shown in Fig. 9. The tongue may be moved by passing. a
pointed tool through the hole in the plate, two or more of such plates being fitted
to the stile and corresponding holes made in the tongue. The tongue may also be
guided by diagonally or horizontally slotted plates for ensuring the parallel motion
of the tongue, and the tongue may be propelled and withdrawn by means of wires
attached to the tongue and passing through the stile.
"
Figs. 14 to 28 illustrate my improved methods of fitting hinged window sashes.
.66, 66, are the pintles, and 67, 67, are the hinged sockets, which engage the
pintles, when turned horizontally. One method of hinging the sockets is shown
in Figs. 18 and 19.
The pintles may be fixed and the sockets hinged, as shown, or both the pintles
and sockets may be pivoted to fold into recesses. In Fig. 18 and 19 a recess is
shown formed in the stile and lined with metallic mounting.
The socket 67 is pivoted to the metallic mount at 68. The outer. end of the
socket is formed so as to be easily lifted to the position shown in Fig. 18.
Another method of hinging sashes consists in fitting a rod, coiled plate, or its
equivalent, behind the bead 79b, and on the sash corresponding .sliding bearings
are fitted, whereupon the sash may be swung without disfigurement or removal
of the bead 79b behind which it is enclosed, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 28.
The bead is sometimes faced with metal suitably formed.
Figs. 16 and 17 illustrate a method of sustaining the upper sash by means of
the lower hinged sash. For this purpose links 69 are pivoted to the upper
rail 70 of the top sash 41, as shown. The meeting rail of the lower sash 40 is
fitted with screw sockets 71, and thumb screws 72 engage therein or vice versa, and
hold the upper sash in suspension without any further fittings being required.
The sashes are turned into the room-when the necessary beads have been removed
'from the sides of the window.
Figs. 20 and 21 illustrate another method of temporarily attaching the upper
sash to the lower hinged sash by means of straps 73 of leather or of other suitable
material as shown, the strap being shown laid flat in Fig. 21.
Another device for the same purpose is shown in Figs. 22 and 23, pivoted

page_text: pintles 74 being fitted to the lower sash meeting bar, which enter suitable re-
cesses' 75 formed in the upper rail of the top sash, as shown.
:
i_
Figs. 22 and 22 show other methods of sustaining the upper sash 41" by the
lower sash 40, which will be understood- from the drawings.
Fig. 24 is a side view, and Fig. 25 a horizontal section' showing a method of
attaching the parting bead 76, by means of metallic clips 77 attached to the pulley
stile 78 formed as shown; or in two parts to meet the different thicknesses of beads.
Fig. 26' is a horizontal section showing some of the arrangements in connection
with my method of fitting pintle hinges to the sashes having stiles 42 and slips 43.
86 is the ordinary rebate which may sometimes be. used' in lieu of my improved
-weather tongues.
87 is a special catch to fasten the stile to the slip.
'88 (Figs. 26 and 26") is another special fastener for the same purpose which will
be understood from the drawing. 89 is an ordinary pin for securing the slips
to the beads while opening the sash!
'
F
Fig. 26 is a vertical section, and Fig. 26" a horizontal section on the line cd
of Fig 26 illustrating a device for engaging the slip and stile horizontally and
vertically while restoring the sash to its normal position, by means of tongues 90
and 91 as shown. Fig. 26 is an elevation and 26" a plan of a lock mortised into
the stile for securing the slip in position; or the same may be secured by "screws,
tongues, and the like.
Figs. 27 and 28 are respectively right and left hand horizontal sections illus-
trating methods of fitting the hinges to sashes without slips, the beads 79 and 79ª
being hinged to the pulley stile.
Fig. 28 (drawn to a reduced scale) shows the stile mounted upon hinged pintles,
which may be either right or left handed, and attached to a fixed bead 79b to fold
up flush therein, or to a rod, coiled plate, or its equivalent, as shown by dotted
lines in Fig. 28.
When the upper sash has been lowered so as to be sustained by the lower sash,
as herein before described, the hinged bead 79ª is turned inwards, and the sash
cords detached from the sashes, on the same side. The two sashes can then 'be
turned into the room together.for cleaning or other operations.
In fitting casements and the like with double butt hinges for opening in either
direction, I form the hinge with one or more longitudinal projections 81, on
either side, as shown in Fig. 29; this projection forms part of an entire tongue
fixed to the door or casement entering corresponding grooves in the frame, and
forming weather tongues to exclude draught.
Fig. 30 shows another method of attaining the same object, by means of a
tongue 82, which is held in position by horizontal dovetail grooves 93 formed
therein, engaging into corresponding dovetails in the casement and frame respec-
tively or vice versa, as shown in Fig. 30^.
.
.1
Fig. 31 shows an improved method of attaching the window cord 83 to the stile
or slip.
The cord is let into a groove, and secured by screws. 84 of the form
shown, having long tapered ends which pass through the cord and stile or slip.
Fig. 32 illustrates another method of attachment by means of. barbed, projec-
tions 85; and Fig. 33 shows an old form of attachment which I sometimes use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
r
1. In swinging sliding sashes as aforesaid, the improved device for mounting
the same, consisting of a screw pivot 45, a metallic lug 46 attached to.a
tongue 47, the plain end of the pivot passing through metallic bushes 48, 49,
fitted to the stile and slip respectively, substantially as described.
2. In swinging sliding sashes as aforesaid, the improved device for mounting
the same consisting of a pivot 45, having a screw thread at one end meshing with
a screwed socket 60 fitted to the slip 43, the plain portion of the pivot passing
through the bush 61 and stile 42, substantially as described..

page_text: 3. In swinging sliding sashes as aforesaid, the improved form and arrangement
of lever 52 and cam 54, engaging the plate 56 attached to the slip 43, whereby
the stile and slip are drawn together and locked, substantially as described.
4. In swinging sliding sashes as aforesaid, the improved device for locking the
stile and slip together and operating the tongue, consisting of a milled head inte-
gral with a stem 62 and a reduced neck 63 and a screwed end meshing with a
screw threaded socket 64, forked brackets 65 fixed to the tongue embracing the
neck 63 of the pivot, substantially as described.
5. In swinging sliding sashes as aforesaid, the combination of a weather tongue
capable of being operated by means of a pointed tool passing through a hole in a
plate attached to the stile; the tongue being in some cases fitted with devices for
securing parallel motion, substantially as described.
6. In hinged sliding sashes as aforesaid the combination therewith of pivoted
pintles, or pivoted sockets, or both together, substantially as described.
7. In hinged sliding sashes as aforesaid, the combination therewith of
links 69, 74, 74ª and 74b pivoted to the upper rail 70 of the upper sash 41, for
the purpose of sustaining the upper sash by means of the lower sash, substantially
as described.
8. In hinged sliding sashes as aforesaid, the combination therewith of leather
or other straps 73 for the purpose mentioned in the previous claim, substantially
as described.
9. In hinged sliding sashes as aforesaid, the combination therewith of pivoted
pintles 74 for the purpose mentioned in the 7th claim.
10. In hinged sliding sashes as aforesaid the improved method of mounting the
same by means of a vertical rod fitted behind the bead 79b in combination with
sliding bearings fitted to the sash, substantially as described.
11. In hinged sliding sashes as aforesaid, the combination therewith of detach-
able parting beads 76 secured to the pulley stile by means of metallic clips 77
attached to the pulley stile, substantially as described.
12. In hinged sashes as aforesaid the combination therewith of fastening appli-
ances 87, 88, and 90 respectively, substantially as described.
13. In hinged sashes the combination therewith of double butt hinges formed
with a tongue 81 operating as a weather bar substantially as described.
14. In hinged sashes the combination therewith of a double rebate tongue 82
for excluding draught, substantially as described.
15. The improved cord-holding appliances 84 and 85, substantially as described.
Dated 22nd June 1898.
GEORGE DOWNING & SONS,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agents.