IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO RYDER'S FORGING MACHINE
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley, both of
Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Spindle and Fly Makers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO RYDER'S
FORGING MACHINE."
Sealed the 16th December 1864, and dated the 21st June 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Buckley and Edwin
Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st June 1864.
We, ISAAC BUCKLEY and EDWIN CROSSLEY, both of Dukinfield, in the
County of Chester, Spindle and Fly Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO RYDER'S FORGING
MACHINE," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to Ryder's forging machine (Patent dated 8th
February 1841, No. 8835), in using which it has hitherto been the general
practice to enter the metal to be forged between the swages or forging
surfaces, and to give such metal the required movements by hand, and
even when this has been done with the greatest skill a uniform result could
not be attained.
The object of our Invention is to produce the required movements of the
metal to be operated upon, for the purpose of forging a variety of articles of

page_text: taper, parallel, and other form, round, square, or many sided, of regular figure,
by means of self-acting mechanism, thereby obtaining a perfect figure in the
required article and a uniform result with rapid action and very little skill on
the part of the attendant.
Our Invention consists in combining mechanism with Ryder's forging
machine (Patent dated 8th February 1841, No. 8835) for accomplishing the
object above mentioned as described below.
In forging some articles rotatory or intermittent rotatory motion of the
metal is only required, for other articles this rotatory or intermittent rotatory
motion has to be combined with a reciprocating motion to and from the swages
or acting surfaces, and for other articles these two movements have to be
combined with a third movement, which is a lateral reciprocating movement.
We give these movements either separately or combined together by fixing a
slide bed like a lathe bed in front of Ryder's machine (Patent dated 8th
February 1841, No. 8835), upon which a slide carriage is mounted, so as
to permit of lateral movements, and upon this slide carriage we mount another
slide carriage or headstock capable of moving at right angles to the former, or
to and from the swages, and upon this slide headstock we mount bearings in a
vertical slide so as to be adjustable in height to suit the level of the swages,
and in this sliding bearing we fit a hollow shaft or chuck capable of rotating,
and in this chuck the metal to be operated upon is placed. The hollow shaft
chuck is made with cone surfaces that will contract and expand so as to grasp
or release the article to be held, these cone surfaces being actuated by a hoop
on the exterior of the hollow shaft or chuck, which is moved to and fro in the
line of its axis by a clutch forked lever handle. The rotatory motion of the
chuck is produced by geering it with a shaft placed parallel to the bed, and
this shaft receives motion by being geered with the excentric shaft working
the swages by an excentric working a ratchet pawl acting upon a ratchet
wheel or by other suitable geering. The reciprocating movements of the
slide carriage and headstock are produced by cams or crank pins, which
receive motion from a shaft parallel to the bed, being brought into and out of
geer by a clutch box arrangement. The cams or cranks for giving the
reciprocating motion are carried on a shaft or shafts supported in bearings
formed in brackets from the slide carriage. The crank for giving the recipro-
cating motion to and from the swages is adjustable in its radius, and acts
through a lever. The cam for giving the lateral movements acts upon a
stud or a bowl on a stud fixed in the bed, thus giving the cam, carriage, and
connected parts reciprocating movements. The clutch box lever for the cams
and cranks is connected with the lever handle for working the cone, pinching

page_text: surfaces or chuck, so that the movements of this lever handle will bring the
clutch box into geer and will start the reciprocating movements, and when
one round of the cam and crank have taken place stops or inclines will act to
release the lever handle and open the chuck to liberate the article and stop
the reciprocations. There is a separate slide carriage and headstock carriage
and cams or cranks for each swaging head, so that each can be worked
independently and the metal can be rapidly transferred by the attendant from
one swaging head to the other..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISAAC
BUCKLEY and EDWIN CROSSLEY, both of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester,
Spindle and Fly Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley, Her special licence that we, the said
Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLI-
CABLE TO RYDER'S FORGING MACHINE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, (or under the hand and seal of one of
us,) should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in

page_text: and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say)
Our improvements relate to Ryder's forging machine, in using which it
has hitherto been the general practice to enter the metal to be forged between
the swages or forging surfaces, and to give such metal the required move-
ments by hand, and even when this has been done with the greatest skill. a
uniform result could not be obtained.
The object of our Invention is to produce the required movements of the
metal to be operated upon for the purpose of forging a variety of articles of
taper, parallel, and other form, round, square, or many sided, of regular
figure, by means of self-acting mechanism, thereby obtaining a perfect figure.
in the required article, and a uniform result with rapid action and very little
skill on the part of the attendant.
Our Invention consists in combining mechanism with Ryder's forging
machine for accomplishing the object above mentioned as described below.
In forging some articles rotatory or intermittent rotatory motion of the
metal is only required, for other articles this rotatory or intermittent rotatory
motion has to be combined with a reciprocating motion to and from the swages
or acting surfaces, and for other articles these two movements have to be
combined with a third movement, which is a lateral reciprocating movement.
We give these movements either separately or combined together by fixing a
slide bed like a lathe bed in front of Ryder's machine, upon which a slide
carriage is mounted, so as to permit of lateral movements, and upon this slide
carriage we mount another slide carriage or headstock capable of moving at
right angles to the former or to and from the swages, and upon this slide
headstock we mount bearings in a vertical slide so as to be adjustable in
height to suit the level of the swages, and in the sliding bearing we fit a
hollow shaft or chuck capable of rotating, and in this the metal to be
operated upon is placed. The hollow shaft or chuck is made with cone
surfaces or dies that will contract and expand so as to grasp or release the
article to be operated upon, these cone surfaces being actuated by a hoop on
the exterior of the hollow shaft or chuck, which is moved to and fro in the
line of its axis by a clutch forked lever handle. The rotatory motion of the
chuck is produced by geering it with a shaft placed parallel to the bed, and
this shaft receives motion by being geered with the excentric shaft working.
the swages (or any other convenient rotatory shaft) by an excentric working a
ratchet pawl acting upon a ratchet wheel or by other suitable geering. The
reciprocating movements of the slide carriage and headstock are produced by
cams or crank pins, which receive motion from a shaft parallel to the bed,

page_text: being brought into geer and out of geer by a clutch box arrangement, or
these movements may be produced by screws or other equivalent arrange-
ments. The cams or cranks for giving the reciprocating motion are carried
on a shaft or shafts supported in bearings formed in brackets from the slide
carriage. The crank for giving the reciprocating motion to and from the
swages is adjustable in its radius, and acts through a lever. The cam for
giving the lateral movements acts on a stud or a bowl fixed in the bed, thus
giving the cam, carriage, and connected parts reciprocating movements.
The clutch box lever for the cams or cranks is connected with the lever
handle for working the cone pinching surfaces or chuck, so that the move-
ments of this lever handle will bring the clutch box into gear and will start
the reciprocating movements, and when one round of the cam and crank have
taken place stops or inclines will act to release the lever handle and open the
chuck to liberate the article and stop the reciprocations. There is a separate
slide carriage and headstock carriage and cam or crank for each swaging
head, so that each can be worked independently, and the metal can be
rapidly transferred by the attendant from one swaging head to the other as
required.
Fig. 1 is a front sectional elevation; Fig. 2, an elevation at one side;
Fig. 3, a sectional elevation at the other side of the machine; and Fig. 4 is a
plan view. These views illustrate our improvements as applied to Ryder's
forging machine.
A is a slide bed secured to the standard or frame (A¹) of Ryder's machine.
To the slide bed (A) brackets (A2) are secured for carrying a shaft (a),
which gives motion to the cranks or cams that produce the reciprocating
movements of the slides. Slide carriages (b) are fitted on the slide bed (A),
and from each slide carriage brackets (6¹) descend for carrying the parts for
giving the reciprocating movements, and these slide carriages (6) have each
of them bearings for shafts (2), which geer by bevil wheels with a shaft (d)
carried in bearings from the slide bed (A). The bevil wheel (d¹) driving
each shaft in the slide carriage (b) is held between bearings (d2) from each
slide carriage, and each wheel (d') can move on the shaft (d), being rotated
by a sliding key in the usual manner. The shaft (a) and (d) may be geered
together and driven by a belt from the shaft driving the forging machine or
by geering connected with the excentric shaft which actuates the swages (a).
Each cross shaft (62) has a key-way along it connected with a wheel (e), by
which rotating motion is transmitted to the article to be operated upon.
Upon each slide carriage (6) another slide carriage (c) is mounted, which can
move to and from the swages, and on this slide carri ge vertical guides (c*)

page_text: are formed, in which a sliding block (c) is fitted, which can be adjusted up
and down by means of a set screw (c), so as to suit the height of the
swages (a). This vertical sliding block (c) forms the bearing for a hollow
shaft (f), which has three or more slots in its sides, and in each slot a die is
fitted, and each die is inclined on the edge coming to the exterior of the
hollow shaft, and these edges are acted upon by the inside of a hoop or
ring (¹), made to slide on the exterior of the hollow shaft (f), so that when
the hoop is moved one way the dies will be released, and when moved in the
other way the dies will be forced inwards and made to grip the article which
is passed through the hollow shaft. Upon the other end of the hollow shaft
a pinion (2) is fixed, which geers by means of two intermediate wheels with
the pinion upon the cross shaft (62). The intermediate wheel geering with
the wheel (f) upon the end of the hollow shaft is adjustable, and allows of
the vertical adjustments of the block (c) forming the bearing of the hollow
shaft (f). Reciprocating motion is given to two of the slides (c), shewn in
the Drawings, by cranks, and in each case the crank pin is fixed in a slide,
which is adjustable in its radius in a disc plate (9), which is secured upon one
end of a short shaft (9), carried in a bearing formed by a bracket (6¹) from
the under side of the slide carriage (6), and upon the other end of this short
shaft (9) a wheel (92) is fixed, which geers with a wheel (9), which may be
made free to rotate upon the shaft (a). The boss of this wheel forms one
side of a clutch box, so that the wheel receives motion when in geer with the
other part of the clutch (9) which rotates with the shaft, being brought in
and out of geer by means of a sliding key in the usual manner.
box (9) is actuated by a lever (h), which has its fulcrum (h) upon a pin
secured in the bracket descending from the slide carriage. The motion of the
crank pin is conveyed to the cross slide carriage (c) by a lever (k), which has
its fulcrum (¹) on a stud fixed in the bracket (6). The lower end of
the lever (k) is slotted, and in it a die is fitted so as to
this die being centred on the crank pin. A similar die and slot is
used at the upper end of the lever; the pins of the die in this case
being secured to the side at the cross slide carriage (c) so as to be adjust-
able in position. The hoop (f³) for actuating the dies for gripping
the article to be operated upon receives motion from a clutch fork (f³)
upon a short shaft (f), which is carried in bearings (f³) attached to
the vertical guides (c*). This short shaft (f) has a disc (f) upon
it at one end, and it has also a lever handle (1) centred upon it, by
which the disc (f) can be moved so as to cause the dies to grip the article
entered through the hollow shaft (f), and this takes place when the lever
The clutch
slide in the slot,

page_text: handle (1) is lifted, at which time the lever comes against a stud (f') fixed
in the side of the disc, the back movement being produced by a stop or pro-
jection () which is adjustable in position upon the carriage (b), which stop
or projection comes in contact with a link (12) jointed with the disc plate (ƒ)
when the carriage (c) moves back, and thus turns the disc and releases the
article in the hollow shaft. To the end of the link (1) another link 1³) is
jointed, which is connected with a pin (1) adjustable in a slot in a projection
from the lever handle (). By this means the end of the link (1) is released
from the adjustable stop or projection (1) during the first part of the ascent
of the lever handle (2) to turn the disc (f) so as to grip the next article
entered in the hollow shaft as the lever handle (1) lifts a little before it comes
in contact with the pin (f) in the disc. The clutch fork lever (h) has two
prongs at its upper end, and the lever handle (1) passes between them, and to
one side of the lever handle an incline (15) is secured so as to be adjustable in
position in the lengthway of the lever. This incline is so set that when the
carriage has moved to its greatest distance back from the swages it comes
against one prong of the clutch lever (h) and pushes it on one side so as to
put the clutch out of geer; but when the lever handle (h) is lifted, the incline
(15) is released from the short prong by being lifted above it, which allows a
spring to push the clutch box into geer again, or this is done by the lever
handle (1) coming against an incline (h) secured upon the long prong of the
clutch lever (h). By this means the motion of the slide carriage is stopped
and the article is released self-acting, and the motion is started, and the article
is gripped by one movement of the same handle. In the two heads shewn on
the left hand of Fig. 1 rotatory movement and reciprocating movement to
and from the swages is only given to the article to be operated upon, but in
the head to the right hand of Fig. 1 a lateral reciprocating movement is given
in addition. In this head the reciprocating movements to and from the
swages and the lateral movements are both produced by cams, and these cams
are shaped to give a slow forward movement when the article is entered and
passed between the swages, but a quick return movement, say two-thirds of
the revolution, is used for the forward, and one-third of the revolution for the
backward movement. The cam (9) for producing the movements to and
from the swages (x) is secured to a toothed wheel (92), which is fixed on one
end of a short shaft (91), having its bearing in a bracket (61) from the cross
slide carriage (6). The toothed wheel (9³) geers with one (9³) loose upon
the shaft (a), and the boss of this wheel is grasped by a projection from
the bracket (6), so that when the slide carriage (6) moves the wheel will be
carried along with it and slided upon the shaft (a). The boss of the wheel

page_text: :
(93) forms one side of a clutch box, the other side of the clutch (94) is free to
move endways upon the shaft (a) and to reduce the friction; the boss of the
moving part of the clutch is enlarged in diameter and fits into a hollow boss
(a) secured upon the shaft (a), which has a slot in it lengthway of the shaft,
in which the head of a screw or pin can slide, connecting the boss with the
clutch box. The disc cam (9) acts upon a pin in a lever (k), and through
this lever the movements are transmitted to the slide carriage (c), same as
described in reference to the two heads on the left of Fig. 1. The cam for
giving the lateral movements is a drum cam (m), and it is placed upon a
stud (m) fixed in the bracket (61), and geers with a wheel upon the end of
the short shaft (9'), upon which the disc cam is placed. The drum cam (m)
acts upon a stud (m³) fixed in the slide bed A), consequently the drum cam
and the parts to which it is attached receive reciprocating movements. In
some cases a cam path may be secured to the side of the slide carriage (c),
moving to and from the swages, and a stud fixed in the bed may be made to
enter the path of the cam; consequently, when movements are given to
the slide carriage (c) to and from the swages, the stud will cause the slide
carriage (6) and attached parts to have simultaneous lateral movements. In
this head the lever handle (1) at its outside end is guided in a bracket (16)
attached to the slide as the guide takes the lateral pressure upon the side of
the lever, which has to sustain the pressure of the clutch lever handle (h),
produced by the sliding friction of the clutch box. One end of the article
when entered into the hollow shaft is supported in a V bearing (n), which
can be slided up and down in a socket so as to adjust it to the required
height. In using our improvements the article is passed through the hollow
shaft (f) till opposite a mark or stop, then the lever handle (1) is lifted and
the article begins to rotate and to advance between the swages, and when it
has been passed through the swages to the required extent it is withdrawn,
but before it arrives at its greatest distance back the end of the link (1)
comes against the stop (7) and releases the article from the grip of the dies
in the hollow shaft, and by the time this is done the incline (15) upon the
side of the lever handle (7) will have pushed the clutch lever to one side, when
the slide carriage will stand till the article is removed and. the lever handle
is again lifted; when another article is to be entered.
In Ryder's machine the swages act one thousand times (and upwards) in a
minute, and during a part of each movement they grip and hold the article to
be operated upon, so that if the article is so geered as to have continuous
motion imparted to it, strain will be put upon the geering while the motion
of the article is momentarily interrupted. To provide against this and to

page_text: allow the geering to have continuous motion, a certain amount of elasticity
will have to be arranged in the geering. This may be done by forming the
pinion) for driving the hollow shaft (f) with a long boss to fit, so as to
be free to rotate in the vertical slide block (c¹), but without end play, and by
forming a cavity in the interior of the boss to receive a helical spring which
is made to surround the hollow shaft (f) that passes through the boss of the
pinion, the hollow shaft being fitted so that it can rotate and move endways
in the long boss of the pinion. One end of the helical spring is secured to
the boss of the wheel, the other end of the spring to the hollow shaft. By
this arrangement the hollow shaft will be kept in position both in the
direction of rotation and in the direction of its axis by the spring, but should
the article which is held by the dies of the hollow shaft be prevented from
moving, then the spring will give way in both directions and allow the article
operated upon to remain stationary, but as soon as it is released the spring is
sufficiently strong to propel the hollow shaft in both directions and to recover
the interrupted movements. Only a small amount of action is required in
the spring, and the end play of the hollow shaft is limited by stops or collars,
so that the pressure, when the holding dies are acted upon, will come upon
the collar and not upon the spring further than the limit of its required
action.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention and the
mode of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention self-acting
mechanism to be used in combinatiun with machines acting upon the principle
of the machine known as Ryder's forging machine, for giving the required
movements to the article to be operated upon by the swages or forging
surfaces of the machine, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Isaac Buckley and Edwin Crossley,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of
December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
ISAAC BUCKLEY.
(L.B.)
EDWIN CROSSLEY. (L.S.)