IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustin Morel, of Roubaix, in the Department
of the Nord, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS, AND
Sealed the 30th October 1866, and dated the 4th May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustin. Morel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
May 1866.
I, AUGUSTIN MOREL, of Roubaix, in the Department of the Nord, in the
Empire of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS,.
AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR COMBING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements on the combing machine,.
invented by me, and for which, as a communication from me, Letters Patent
have been granted to Adolphe Drevelle,, of Halifax, under the No. 60, and
date of 10th January 1854.

page_text: These improvements consist in the application to the machine above
mentioned of a circular comb with teeth converging towards the centre, and
which effects its rotary movement on a circular fixed steam chest, which may
be heated by compressed steam and of a series of feed boxes placed around
a drum fixed on the vertical shaft of the machine. These boxes are set in
grooves made in the drum, so that they may turn with it and exercise an up-
and-down motion to effect the descent of the material to be combed. This
up-and-down motion is obtained by means of a fixed ring placed around the
machine in a horizontal position and on which there are bosses. The boxes
bearing on this ring it follows that they rise and fall in their rotary movement
in such wise that the re-ascending movement takes place when the material is
clasped in the nipper, and the descending movement when the material is to
meet the comb with converging teeth. The drawing of the material is effected
as in the primitive machine, With this arrangement the combed material may
be delivered as in the primitive machine, or it may be formed into a continuous
riband by suppressing the lap drums. The advantage of this arrangement is
that it yields a larger quantity and a better quality of combed materials.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Augustin Morel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
31st October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTIN
MOREL, of Roubaix, in the Department of the Nord, in the Empire of France,
Manufacturer, send greeting,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Augustin Morel, Her special licence that I, the said Augustin Morel, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Augustin
Morel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR COMBING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I

page_text: the said Augustin Morel, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Augustin Morel, do bereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, forming part
of this my Specification, and to the figures, letters, and ciphers of reference
marked thereon, similar letters and ciphers denoting similar parts where
such parts appear or may be seen in each of the Figures respectively :-
This Invention consists in a novel arrangement of known parts constituting
improvements in the combing machine invented by me, and for which, as a
communication from me, Letters Patent have been granted to Adolphe
Drevelle, of Halifax, under the No. 60, and dated the Tenth day of January
1854. This new adjustment of parts in constituting improvements in the
machine above referred to permits the obtaining of a superior and more
abundant product.
Working of the machine, and journey of the material introduced.
Figure 1 of the annexed Sheet of Drawing represents a vertical section of
the machine, in which the material being worked is colored yellow, and the
play of the working parts indicated by arrows. The material to be combed
is first put in bobbin, and placed on a triple circular and vertical creel,
indicated by I and O, O. In unwinding from the bobbins it descends into
funnels forming boxes (7) placed around a grooved drum (6). The boxes
are in sufficient quantity to occupy the entire circumference of the said drum.
By this means is obtained a succession of slivers or ribands of the material
which envelop the entire circumference, and give a continuous working. The
funnel boxes (7) make an upward movement when the material is seized by
the circular comb J and J', lowering again when the material is to be
presented to the comb with converging teeth or points. This up-and-down
movement is obtained by means of the fixed bossed or inclined way (10), as
may be seen at Figures 1, 5, and 6. The material is retained in each box
by a vertical and moveable cover (8), which slides in grooves and presses on
the material introduced. When the material is thus introduced into the
circular comb J, J', one part of the sliver is combed by the comb G, which
removes all the impurities coutained in this part of the sliver.
These

page_text: impurities are afterwards removed by the brush D, which in its turn delivers
them to the toothed cylinder F, from whence they are finally carried off by a
come-and-go movement, after the manner of the clearer of ordinary carding
machinery. The slivers already partially combed by the comb G follow the
circular arrangement which they envelop, and thus come on the other side of
the machine, and meet a comb with teeth converging towards the centre of
the machine. They there find themselves in contact with a fixed metal plate
with grooves (22), in which pass the teeth of the comb. This plate (22) thus
compels the material to plunge into the teeth. Then the part of the combed
material which bas effected a descending movement before the meeting of
the comb finds itself partly beneath, and is seized and drawn by the cylinder H
and the little fluted cylinder U. These latter working at a sufficient speed
to draw the material in its entire length during the time of its passage above
them effect the combing of the upper part of the fibres. The material is then
returned to the brush I, which has a continuous circular movement, and
which in its turn transmits the combed material to the large combs A", A,
around which they roll alternately to form lap ends or slivers, which are
broken when they have attained the desired bulk. This operation is obtained
by moving with the foot the treadle (25), which causes the upper of the two
cylinders D¹ to rise at the same time that it acts as a break on the pulley G¹
to stop the comb furnished with material. Advantage is taken of this opening
of the two cylinders D¹ to introduce within it an end of the broken lap, and
the upper cylinder being then allowed to fall the lap finds itself carried on by
the continuous movement of the two cylinders and the large comb A" finds
itself thus stripped. The brush E¹ serves to keep the combed material in the
teeth during the working of the comb.
This new grouping of known parts, which constitutes the improvement in
the machine above described, consists, firstly, in an alteration of the circular
creel which permits the setting up of the bobbins with their spindles only;
secondly, in a series of funnels with boxes placed around a drum, and through
which passes the material to be combed; thirdly, in the combination of the
movement of these said boxes and of their arrangement; fourthly, in a
circular comb with teeth converging towards the centre of the machine.
This comb, heated by compressed steam, is mounted on a toothed circle,
which rolls on a circular fixed box containing the heating pipe; fifthly, in a
vertical shaft of one piece, instead of being in three pieces and jointed;
sixthly, of a fixed arched plate with grooves in which pass the end of the
converging teeth, leaving, however, sufficient room for the material to
lodge.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE SHEET OF DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of the machine, taken at X, Y, Figure 3.;
B, framing; I, vertical shaft; C, toothed wheel driving vertical shaft ;
a, pivot; O, creels; 26, bobbins; 6, drum with grooves made on its
circumference; 7, funnel boxes in sufficient number to occupy the entire
circumference of the drum; 8, covers of these boxes; 9, friction rollers
facilitating the sliding of the boxes on the way; 10, bossed or inclined way;
J, ring or hoop of the nipper; J¹, inner plate of the nipper; G, combing
comb; D, brush; F, cylinder, furnished with teeth; E, detacher; F", shaft
giving the come-and-go movement to the detacher; 11, comb. with con-
verging teeth; 12, toothed circle on which is fixed the comb 11; 13, steam
chest on which travel the pieces 11 and 12; 22, fixed piece with grooves, in
which pass the ends of the teeth of the comb 11, in order to cause the
material to sink on it; U, fluted cylinder; II, cylinder furnished with a
leather; I, brush; A", A, drums furnished with teeth; E³, brush; D', D',
take-off cylinders; G¹, driving pulleys of the drums, and on which the breaks
act; 25, treadle to produce the opening of the two cylinders D', and stop the
combs A, A1, alternately.
Figure 2, front view of the machine. C¹, CH,CHI, CT, pulleys for driving
the drums A", A¹¹; 17 and 18, conical toothed wheels giving motion to the
vertical shaft 19; 19, vertical shaft for driving the circular comb with
converging teeth; 20, pinion fixed on the vertical shaft 19; 28, driving
pulleys giving motion to the main shaft 29.
Figure 8, plan view of the nipper. K¹, K', wheels or casters for causing
the nipper to grip; K, K, friction rollers guiding the circular movement of
the ring or hoop of the nipper; 22, intermediate toothed wheel; 23, fixed
knives placed between each row of teeth to remove the wool from them after
the drawing; 24, supports of the heating pipe; 31, endless screw com-
municating motion to the cleaning comb F by means of the small horizontal
shafts and of the pair of toothed wheels 30.
Figure 4, plan view of a creel. O, creel; 26, bobbins; 27, spindles.
Figure 5, plan view shewing the rise and fall way and the comb with
converging teeth, together with its heating arrangement, as well as the
grooved drum carrying the feed boxes; 10, bossed or inclined path or way.
The different parts of this way are indicated by red letters, which give the
angular quantity of each of these parts; 15, entrance of steam into the
heating pipe; 16, steam exit.
Figure 6, developement of the bossed or inclined way.

page_text: I claim the exclusive use as of my Invention of the arrangement of the
various parts forming the machine above described and illustrated on the
annexed Sheet of Drawing, as well as their adjustment, and the relation
which they have with each other to accomplish the combing of filamentous
material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustin Morel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
AUGUSTIN MOREL. (L.S.)