provements in Driving and Brake Mechanism for Cycles and other Vehicles Neu
Year: 1895

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 18 of the Patents &c, Act 1883) as allowed by
the decision of the Chief Lxaminer of the 5th day of August 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in Driving and Brake Mechanism for Cycles and other
Vehicles
Neuilly sur Seine,
I, JEAN BAPTISTF AUGUST JUHFI of 19, Rue Montrosier
France Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
-
This invention relates to an automatic brake and driving coupling for veloci
pedes and other vehicles
With this brake it is possible to propel a given load when the driving parts
are acted upon in one direction, to retard by degrees and to stop the motion of this
load by acting upon the driving parts in the contrary direction, and finally to
release the part of the driving mechanism that is in rigid connection with the
said load
In the accompanying drawings
Figs 1 and 2 represent one form of my apparatus as applied to a safety bicycle
Fig 1 showing a vertical section taken along the axis of the crank spindle and
Fig 2 a vertical section at right angles to the said axis, and
Figs 3 to 11 inclusive illustrate various modifications thereof
The apparatus illustrated in Figs 1 and 2 comprises a wheel fixed on the
spindle of the pedals P an external wheel or ring B, and an intermediate ring D
The wheel A is provided with two concentric circular projections a¹ and a form-
ing together an annular recess
The wheel or ring B is provided with teeth when chain transmission is em-
ployed but it may be smooth for belt transmission be provided with one or more
grooves for the use of ropes or cords, or be fixed to another transmission wheel
Between two circular projections 61 and 62 it has a recess in which is located the
external flange a² of the wheel A
The ring D is cut open at d and fixed securely at one point of a plate E but is
capable of being opened and closed This ring may be provided externally with
a covering d' of any suitable material -eg, leather india-rubber wood or metal
The ring D whether provided or not with the covering d¹ is lodged in the cir
cular space left vacant between the inner projections a¹ and 1 of the wheels A
and B
Cavities 63 with inclined bottoms are made in the outer projection 62 of the
wheel or ring B and similar cavities a³ with bottoms inclined in the opposite
direction are made in the inner projection a¹ of the wheel A In these cavities
there are located rollers or balls and a respectively which are capable of turn-
ing freely when they occupy the deepest portion of the said cavities

page_text: When the wheel A rotates in the direction indicated by the arrows (Fig 2)
which correspond to the forward motion of the bicycle, the rollers or balls a
remain free and inoperative at the bottoms of the cavities, whilst the rollers
or balls be displaced and caused to roll until they are squeezed between the
inclined bottoms of the cavities 63 and the outer surface of the projection a³ of
the wheel which thus becomes firmly connected to so as to carry along with
it the wheel B
When the action upon the wheel A ceases the rollers 6 are free and inopera
tive (is the rollers a previously were) at the bottoms of their respective cavities
and have no effect upon the parts that thev at other times govern, and the ring B
continues to rotate loosely in the direction of the arrow f
Finally when the wheel A is caused to rotate backwards (e in the direction
indicated by the arrow) the rollers remain free and inoperative at the
bottoms of their cavities 63 whilst the rollers a roll on the inclined bottoms of
the cavities a³ and then become pressed against the ring D the covering d¹ of
which if used is caused to rub against the inner projection 6 of the wheel B
and thus retard the motion of the latter to an extent which is the greater the
more powerful is the backward pressure on the wheel A
It will be easily understood that the cavities a³ with inclined bottoms might
be made in the ring d and the cavities 63 with inclined bottoms be made in the
projection a2 of the wheel A, the proper directions being given to the inclination
of their bottoms It is also admissable to combine these arrangements of in
clined surfaces without departing from the essential principle or characteristic
of the invention It is obvious that in some cases the ring D and the cavities in
the wheel A may be omitted the rollers or balls being arranged to be directly
acted upon by the wheel A
In Figs 34 and 5 the wheel A is shown as controlling brake shoe that acts
outside the mechanism against the rim of the hind wheel R of a safety bicycle
In this case the projection a³ is simply attached to the flat back of the wheel A
and for the severed ung D there is substituted a ring G which is capable of
being rotated by rollers or balls g¹ lodged in cavities of the said ring The
rotation of the ring G by the rollers or balls q¹ takes place when the wheel A is
caused to rotate in the direction corresponding to the backward motion of the
bicycle On the ring G there is provided a stud 93 to which is attached a con
nection rod q' that controls a lever H that carries the brake-shoe The lever H
might however equally well be arranged to operate a friction brake mounted on
the nave of the said wheel R
It will be seen that in this case also the brake is always operated by reversing
the rotation of the wheel A that in its forward motion this wheel carries along
with it the wheel B and that whilst the wheel A is maintained stationary in its
mean position the wheel B is free to continue its motion
In order to prevent the pressure produced upon the rim of the wheel from being
too great the amplitude of rotation of the ring G is limited by a stop g5 with
which at the end of the stroke one of two projections m¹ and m² comes into
contact
It is obvious that wedges may be employed in lieu of the rollers or balls b
and and it is also obvious that rings such as D (Figs 1 and 2) provided
or not with coverings may be inserted between the projections of the wheel A
and the rings B and G so that the wheel A will act upon the rollers balls or
wedges and g¹ only through the medium of the said rings D
Figs 6 to 11 show by way of example other modifications of the brake
In Figs 6 and 7 which represent respectively an elevation and a section of
the same modification the external ring B is rotated by the cut ring D which
in this case is provided with four engaging projections d³ and d The wheel A
curies two projections a' each of which engages between two of the projec
tions 12 in such a manner that by rotating the wheel the ring D is opened

page_text: and, when rotated in the direction corresponding to the forward motion of the
bicycle, rotates the ing B but when rotated in the contrary direction tends to
retard or completely to stop the motion of the said ring
The projections a might consist of wedges (see Fig 8) or pawl like carriers
(see Fig 9 10 and 11)
As will be observed the apparatus is characterized by the way of operating by
means of the wheel A fixed on the crank spindle a loose concentric ring which
is either rotated in one direction or left alone o rot ited in the contrary direc
tion by means of rollers or balls pawl lile carriers wedges, or clichs, which ict
through acut ring which can be either provided or not with a covering for pro
ducing friction When rotated in one direction the apparatus drives, and when
rotated in the contrary direction it acts as a brike and when fixed in its inter
mediate position the ring is neuti il
From this it follows that the bi the described and its modifications enable (1)
a load to be moved by working with movable contact surfices the solidarity of
which is obtained by means of rolling bodies, (2) the gradual ret udition the
gradual augmentation and the complete stoppage of the motion of the load or
Vehicle to be obtained by means of the same apparatus (3) working to be
effected without the use of anything but the rank or the driving whe
-
When applied to velocipedes the apparatus offers the following advantages
(1) It simplifies the handle bu freeing the movement of the hands and
renders the stopping and retarding movement dependent upon that of the feet
which is performed instinctively
(2) It enables hills to be descended without working with the feet and at the
same time the ability to be retuned of increasing reducing and entirely stopping
the motion at any moment the fect always remaining on the pedals
(3) It diminishes the danger of breal ing the chain or other means of trans
mission since the pressure of the bialis neuly always transmitted by degrees
(4) The rider is enabled to operite with the pedals in any position which
reduces the time lost in reversing the motion of the vehicle
(5) fixed support is provided for the der when he dismounts from the
machine falls being thus averted
(6) The apparatus can be applied to any existing machine after a slight altern
tion of the pedal motion
Dated to 21 Y
100°
F WISE HOWORTH,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields London, WC
Agent for the Applicant
Improvements in Driving and Brake Mechanism for Cycles and other
Vehicles.
I JFAN BALTISTI AUGUSTE Jun of 19, Rue Montrosier Neuilly sur Seine,
France, Ingineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement
This invention relates to an automatic brake and driving coupling for veloci

page_text: parts are acted upon in one direction, (b) to retard by degrees and to stop the
inotion of this load by acting upon the diving parts in the contiary direction,
and (c) to release the part of the driving mechanism that is in rigid connection
with the said load
In the accompanying drawings,
Figs 1 and represent one form of the apparatus as applied to a safety bicycle,
Fig showing a vertical section thereof taken along the axis of the crank
spindle and Fig 2 a vertical section at right angles to the said axis,
Figs and 4 are similar views of a modification and
Figs 5, 6, and 7 are vertical sections illustrative of various further modifications
of the apparatus
The appai itus illustrated in Figs 1 and 2 comprises a wheel A fixed on the
spindle of the pedals P an external wheel or ring B, and an intermediate ring D
The wheel A is provided with two concentric circular projections a¹ and a leav
ing between them an annular 1ccess
The wheel or ring B is provided with teeth when chain transmission is em
ployed, but it may be smooth for belt transmission be provided with one or more
grooves for the use of ropes or cords or be fixed to another transmission wheel
Between two circular projections and 63 it has a recess in which is located
the external projection a of the wheel A
The ring is split or cut through at d and is fixed securely at one point to a
plate but is capable of being opened and closed This ring may be provided
externally with a covering d¹ of any suitable material--eg, leather, india rubber,
wood, or metal The 11ng D whether provided or not with the covering d¹, is
located in the circular space left vacant between the inner projections a¹ and 61
of the wheels A and B
Cavities 6 with inclined bottoms are made in the outer projection 62 of the
wheel or ring B, and similar cavities a³, with bottoms inclined in the opposite
direction, are made in the inner projection a¹ of the wheel A In these civities
there are located rollers or balls 6 and a respectively which are capable of turn
ing freely when they occupy the deepest portions of the said cavities
When the wheel A 10tates in the direction indicated by the arrow f (Fig 2)
which corresponds to the forward motion of the bicycle, the rollers or balls a
remain free and inoperative in the deepest portions of the cavities a³, whilst
the rollers or balls are displaced and caused to roll until they are squeezed
between the inclined bottoms of the cavities 63 and the outer surface of the pro
Jection a of the wheel A which thus becomes firmly connected to so as to carry
along with it the wheel or ring B
When the action upon the wheel A ceases the rollers as well as the rollers a*
are free and inoperative in the deepest parts of their respective cavities and have
no effect upon the parts that they at other times drive, and the ring B is free to
rotate loosely in the direction of the arrow f
When the wheel A is made to rotate backwards (e, in the direction indicated
by the arrow r), the rollers 64 remain free and inoperative in the deepest parts
of their cavities 63, whilst the rollers a' are caused to move, rolling on the
inclined bottoms of the cavities a³, and become pressed against the ring D the
covering d¹ of which, if used is caused to rub against the inner projection 61 of
the wheel B and thus to retard the motion of the latter to an extent which 19
the greater the more powerful the backward pressure on the wheel A
It will be readily understood that the cavities a³ with inclined bottoms might
be made in the ring D and the cavities 63 with inclined bottoms be made in the
projection a² of the wheel A the proper directions being given to the inclination
of their bottoms It is also admissable to combine these arrangements of in
clined surfaces without departing from the essential principle or characteristic
of the invention
In the modification illustrated in Figs 3 and 4 wedges are substituted for

page_text: the balls or rollers a b' and the wedges 6 do not act directly upon the ring B,
but compel a divided ring D¹ (provided or not with a friction 11ng d¹ as before)
to open out throughout its cutic circumference in such a manner as to carry
round with it by this means the transmission ring when the wheel A is rotated
in the direction indicated by the arrow fl-ic, in the direction for the propulsion
of the vehicle Braking is effected by means of the split or cut ing D which
may be fixed to any point on the pedal crank axle or support and which is capable
of being opened out along the whole of its circumference by the displacement of
the wedges at along the inclined bottoms of the cavities a³ in the diving wheel A
in consequence of the rotation of the wheel A being effected 111 the direction
indicated by the arrow re in the direction opposite to that for the propulsion
of the vehicle
Figs, and 7 shew means which can be applied in respect of either or of
both of the two rings D, D', for opening out the sud ning or rings
In these cases
wedges, carriers, oi tongues a', of any suitable shape an inscited between the
edges of the cut or opening formed in the ing Figs 5, 6, and
different arrangements in connection with the movable ring
יע
show three
Fig shows a wedge a resting on the inclined bottom of a groove b³ formed
in the outer periphery of the driving wheel A and entering between the ends d of
the split ring D, the arrangement being such that when the wheel \ is continu-
ously rotated in one direction, the wedge a will expand the 1ng D₁ and it and
the wheel A and ring B will rotate as one piece, and when the wheel A is partly
turned in the opposite direction to expand the split ng into contact with the
interior of the ring B and is then held in this position by the fact of the
the said split ring will act as a brake to retard the motion of the 1ng B
der,
Figs 6 and 7 show somewhat similar anangements but in which the wedges or
tongues a are pivoted to the wheel A, so as to partly turn or cant on the pivots
and force the ends d of the split ng D¹ apart ind so cause this ning by its
Covering d to 11p the interior of the wheel B or to act as a bi the thereto
the cise may be
1S
Similar arrangements may be employed in connection with the fixed ng D
It will be seen from the foregoing that the characteristic feature of my appa
ratus consists in the manner in which action is exerted by means of the wheel A
fixed on the crank axle, upon a concentric loose ring The biake, the diving
device in connection with which is accessory, acts through a split ng D pro
vided or not with a covering of frictional material and connected to a fixed point
on the support, the bearing or the crank axle This ring during the backward
motion of the driving wheel opens out at all points of its circumference under the
action of rollers balls, tongues, wedges, piwl like curiers or the like bears
against the transmission ring and, in consequence of its connection with a fixed
point of the crank shaft, bearing or support, produces the slackening of the
speed and the stoppage of the load, whilst in identical arrangement provided
either concentrically to the former or to another shaft enables the said load to be
propelled when motion in the reverse direction is renew ed In an intermedi ite
stationary condition of the split rings they have no action either through the
balls 1ollers wedges or the like or otherwise, on the transmission ng which is
thus rendered independent of them
When applied to velocipedes the apparatus offers the following advantages
(1) It simplifies the handle bar, frces the hands and renders the stopping and
retarding movement dependent upon that of the feet which is performed in-
stinctively
(2) It enables hills to be descended without working with the feet and at the
same time the ability to be ret uned of increasing reducing and entirely stopping
the motion at any moment the feet always remaining on the pedals
(3) It diminishes the danger of breaking the chain or other means of trans
mission, since the pressure of the brake is transmitted by degrees

page_text: (4) The der is enabled to operate with the pedals in any position, which
reduces the time lost in reversing the motion of the vehicle
(5) A stationary support is provided for the der when he dismounts from the
machine falls being thus averted
(6) The apparatus can be applied to existing machines after a slight alteration
of the pedal motion
It will be noted that my brake consists of an appaintus mounted on the driving
shaft and situate wholly between the transmission ring and the driving wheel, its
general arrangement comprising essentially a split ring provided or not with a
fining or covering and constituting fixed element which acts upon the trans
mission ng when operated by means of rollers wedges pawl like carriers
the like, by the shaft of the diving mechanism this operation being effected
when the said shaft is rotated in a direction opposite to that for the propulsion
of the vehicle
ог
The inverse arrangement mounted either on the diving shaft or on an inter-
mediate shift, with or without the d of a movable split ring enables the trans-
mission 11ng to be rotated by means of other wedges balls 1ollers, or the like in
the direction for the forward propulsion of the vehicle
The two arrangements uz that for propelling and that for braking may there
fore be mounted either concentrically on a single shaft as shown in Figs 1, 2
3 and 4 or separately, one on the driving shaft and the other on an intermediate
o driven shaft
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
-
1 In driving and brake mechanism for a cycle or other vehicle the combination
of a driving wheel or ing fixed on the driving shaft and actuated directly by
pedals ranks or other devices a transmission wheel or ring arranged concentric
with the said diving wheel or ring and a fixed split brake ing arranged between
the other two wheels or rings and provided or not with a friction covering o
lining the said concentric wheels or rings being so arranged as to be independent
of each other during the stoppage of the diving wheel but capable of being
connected together through the said split brake ring by a movement of the said
diving wheel or 11ng in direction opposite to that of its movement for forward
travel by reason of the rising motion of devices such as rollers balls wedges or
pawls along inclined ways formed on the driving wheel or 1ng or in the fixed
split bile ng whereby this brake ing is caused to open out and rub against the
transmission wheel on ng upon which it then acts as a brake the amount of
fiction depending upon the more or less energetic action exerted upon the driving
wh el o ing in a direction opposite to that in which it is rotated for the forward
propulsion of the vehicle, substantially is described
2 In driving and brike mechanism for cycles and other vehicles a driving
wheel A fixed to the pedal crank shaft in combination with a transmission ring B
there being provided on the former or within the latter grooves or notches
having suitably inclined or ramp like bottoms and in which there are inserted
1ollers bills or movable wedges which when the wheel A rotates in one direction
or remains at rest remain inoperitive at the bottom or luger parts of the grooves
01 notches but which on rotation of the wheel A in the opposite direction become
jammed and tightened up so as to place the ring B in driving connection with
the wheel A through the medium of a split ng D¹ which is provided or not with
a lining or covering and is ranged between the said driving wheel and the
transmission ring B the arrangement being such that the sad ng B can be driven
by the wheel A or can run loose thereon at will substantially as described
3 My improved driving and brake mechanism for velosipedes and other vehicles
constructed arranged and operating substantially as herein before described with

page_text: reference to and shown in Figs 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, and the
modification thereof substantially as herein before described with reference to and
shewn in Figs 3 and 4 in Fig 5 in Fig 6, and in Fig 7 of the accompanying
drawings
Dated this 29th day of August 1895
F WISE HOWORTH
46 Lincolns Inn Fields London, WC, Agent for the Applicant