IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC PRINTING APPARATUS, AND IN INSTRUMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS OF BATTERIES, CIRCUITS, AND OTHER APPLIANCES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHIC PRINTING APPARATUS,
AND IN INSTRUMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS OF BATTERIES, CIRCUITS, AND
OTHER APPLIANCES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH." -A com-
munication from abroad by Theodore Marshall Foote and Charles
Adams Randall, both of Brooklyn, New York, United States of
America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 2nd June 1871, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEGRAPHIC PRINTING APPARATUS, AND IN INSTRUMENTS AND ARRANGEMENTS
OF BATTERIES, CIRCUITS, AND OTHER APPLIANCES TO BE USED IN CONNECTION
A

page_text: THEREWITH," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been com-
municated to me from abroad by Theodore Marshall Foote and Charles
Adams Randall, both of Brooklyn, New York, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings forming
a part of this Specification:-
The first part of this Invention relates to a telegraphic printing
apparatus in which a compound helix is used, said helix being made
of three pairs of helices arranged in two rows with a switch bar running
through the core of the middle pair, said switch bar being hinged in
the centre, and the compound helix being connected with the type-
wheel key and with the printing key of the apparatus. The escapement
whereby a step-by-step motion is imparted to the type wheel consists of
two crown wheels provided with ratchet teeth facing each other with
an intervening double pallet mounted on the end of a lever to which
vibrating motion is imparted by the alternate action of the type wheel
magnets in such a manner that a simple, cheap, and reliable escapement
is obtained which cannot fail to throw at each stroke the type wheel in
a correct position. Motion is imparted to the type wheel when the
circuit is closed and again when the circuit is opened, and thereby much
time is saved in the operation of the instrument. From the type wheel
shaft project two pins which act in combination with an anchor, and
with the platen or printing lever in such a manner that one of the said
pins, which may be termed the pallet pin, will throw the anchor in the
path of the other or stop pin, and thereby the type wheel is stopped
uniformly at a certain point which may be termed the starting point,
and when the printing lever moves the anchor is thrown out of the
path of the stop pin and the motion of the type wheel shaft can
continue, thus compelling the several instruments in a line to work
in unison. By this arrangement the unison mechanism is controlled
by the action of the printing lever.
The strip of paper which receives the impressions is moved forward
by a feed mechanism composed of two elastic rollers, to which an

page_text: intermittent rotary motion is imparted from the printing lever, so as
to draw the paper forward the required distance after each impression.
In Sheet 1 of the Drawings Figure 1 represents a plan or top view
of this part of my Invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal vertical section
of the same; Figure 3 is an end view of the same.
The remaining Figures are details which will be referred to as the
description progresses. Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
The letter A designates a frame which forms the bearings for the
working parts of my apparatus. In the upper part of this frame is
secured the shaft a on which is mounted the type wheel b. A step-
by-step motion is imparted to this shaft or to the type wheel by an
escapement which consists of a double pallet c mounted on the end
of a lever d, and acting on two ratchet wheels e, f, which are secured
on the shaft a, and the teeth of which face each other as best seen in
Figures 1 and 3. The pallet lever d is mounted on a rock shaft g,
which has its bearings in a bracket h (see Figure 2), and from which
extend two arms i, i, in opposite directions (see Figure 3). To the
arms i, i, are attached the armatures j, j, of the type wheel magnets B, B'.
As the current is alternately made to pass through either one or the
other pair of electro-magnets an oscillating motion is imparted to
the lever d, and the pallet c is caused to act alternately on the teeth
of the ratchet wheels e, f, so as to propel the type-wheel shaft step
by step and retain the said shaft firmly in position as long as the pallet
is in gear with either of the ratchet wheels. By these means the
type wheel is moved so that the characters marked thereon are brought
in succession over the platen k, and that each of said characters can
be kept over said platen until an impression is taken. The platen is
secured to the printing lever which is mounted on a rock shaft m
having its bearings in the frame A. From this rock shaft extends
an arm n, to which is secured the armature o of the printing magnet p.
Whenever the current is made to pass through the printing magnet
the armature is attracted and the platen k is pressed up against the
circumference of the type wheel.
The strip of paper on which the impressions are made is taken from
a roll (not shewn in the Drawing) and drawn through between guide
pins q projecting from the printing lever, thence over the platen k, and
between the feed rollers r, r. These feed rollers are made of india-rubber
or other soft and elastic material, and they are placed so close together
A 2.

page_text: that they take hold of the strip of paper and compel the same to
advance whenever a motion in the proper direction is imparted to
them.
On the shaft of the upper feed roller is mounted a ratchet wheel 8,
and a lever pawl t which connects by a rod u with the printing lever.
For each oscillation of said printing lever therefore the feed rollers are
propelled the required distance, and the strip of paper is drawn along
so as to leave the proper spaces between subsequent impressions taken
thereon. A stop pawl v applied to the ratchet wheel & prevents a
retrograde motion of the feed rollers.
Instead of using two elastic roller only one such rollers may be used
in connection with a presser foot r¹ (see Figures 4 and 5), which receives
an oscillating motion from the printing lever, and the working surface
of which is made rough in such a manner that it acts on the paper in
one and slides over the same in the opposite direction.
From the type wheel shaft project two pins w, x, one of which is
slightly in advance of the other. These pins act in conjunction with an
anchor y in the following manner :-Said anchor is mounted on the end
of a pin projecting from a traverse z of the frame A (see Figure 6),
and it is subject to the action of a friction spring a³, so that it will remain
in any position into which it may be brought. As the type wheel shaft
revolves the pin x (which I term the pallet pin, and the end of which is
beveled off) strikes one arm of the anchor and depresses the same,
thereby raising the other arm of the anchor in such a position that the
flat end of the stop pin w will come in contact with the same. By these
means the type wheel shaft is arrested once for each full revolution and
the correct position or starting point of the type wheel can be determined.
In order to release the type wheel shaft an impression must be taken
whereby the platen k is brought in contact with the depressed arm of
the anchor and its other arm is thrown out of the path of the stop pin w.
By this mechanism two or more machines working in the same circuit
are readily kept in unison.
In operating my telegraphic printing apparatus, I employ a compound
helix C composed of three pairs of electro-magnets C', C', C², C², and
C³, C³, which are arranged in two rows, as shewn in Figure 1, with an
intervening supporting bar D. Through the core of the middle pair of
magnets C², C², extends the switch bar F, which is hinged to the sup-
porting bar D, so that its tip can be brought in contact with either of

page_text: the metal points E or E'. The connection of this compound helix with
the battery and with the keys K, K', and magnets B, B', p, of the
printing apparatus, and with the relay R, are such that the current can
be passed through the compound helix in opposite directions and thereby
the switch bar brought in contact either with the point E or with the
point E'. When the switch bar is in contact with the point E¹ and the
key K is depressed the line current passes in through the post 10 and
wire 11 to the key K through this key and wires 12 and 13 to the
helices of the magnets C³ and C¹ (which are connected), thence through
wire 14 to the helix of the relay R, and through this helix and the
wire 15 to the post 16, which in this case represents the negative pole of
the line. The armature of the relay is attracted, and the local current
passes from its positive pole 17 through wire 24 to the partition bar D
of the compound helix, thence through the switch bar F, point E', and
wire 18 to the armature lever of the relay, which being attracted by the
relay magnets is in contact with the screw 19%; through this screw
and the wire 20 it passes to the type wheel magnets B', the helix of
which connects by wires 21 and 22 with the negative pole of the local
battery. When the key K is raised the circuit of the line current
through the relay magnets is broken, the relay armature falls back
against the screw 13 which is insulated from its post and consequently
from the screw 19, and the local current passes from its positive pole 17
through wire 24, partition bar D, switch bar F, point E¹, and wire 18,
through the armature lever of the relay magnets to the insulated
screw 13, thence through wire 25 to type wheel magnets B, B, the helix
of which connects by wire 22 with the negative pole of the local battery.
By this arrangement the type wheel is moved when the key K is
depressed, and it is again moved when the key K is raised, or in other
words the type wheel is moved each time the main circuit is closed,
and then again if the main circuit is open by the direct action of two
pairs of magnets, and much time is saved in the operation of the
apparatus.
The connection and operation of the printing magnets depends upon
the key K as follows:-If this key is depressed the main circuit passes
from the post 10 through the wire 26 to the helix of the electro-
magnets C', C³, thence through wire 13 to the key K', through this key
and the wires 27 and 15 back to the negative pole 16 of the main
circuit. The current through the magnets C³, C³, being thus reversed

page_text: causes the switch bar F to swing against the point E, and the local
current passes from post 17 to wire 24, switch bar F, point E, and
wire 28 to the helix of the printing magnets, and thence through 22
to the negative of the local battery, the current being entirely cut off
from the type wheel magnets. The helix of the central magnets C³ of
the compound helix connects by wires 29 and 30 with posts 31 and 32,
which represent the positive and negative poles of a secondary local
battery, so that if desired the position of the switch bar F can be changed
simply by reversing the current of this secondary local battery.
The second part of this Invention relates to a one wired telegraphic
printing apparatus in which a compound magnet is used, said magnet
being composed of three helices arranged to a back piece to which is
attached a vibrating bar or core. The said bar or core extends through
the centre helix and is hinged at the bottom, the compound magnet being
connected with the line and local circuit. The escapement consists
of two ratchet wheels provided with bevelled teeth facing each other
with intervening pawls or dogs attached to the extended arm of the
vibrating bar or core and oscillating thereon parallel with the type
wheel shaft. The alternate action of the magnet and positive poles of
the line battery over the centre helix of the compound magnet and a
local battery over the outside coils or a local battery on the centre helix
of the compound magnet and a line current over the outside coils, or a
line current over all three helices of the compound magnet thereby
impart a to-and-fro movement to the vibrating bar or core, an oscillating
movement to the pawls or dogs, and a step-by-step movement to the
type wheel throwing it in a correct position at every stroke, thereby
saving time in the operation of working the type wheel.
The paper feeding mechanism consists of two rollers, the upper or
auxiliary roller being elastic or otherwise, and the under roller being
elastic. An intermittent rotary motion is imparted to these rollers
from the printing lever by means of two pawls or dogs acting in con-
nection with a ratchet (wheel which is mounted on the shaft of the
lower feed roller. The upper pawl or dog being attached to the printing
lever causes the paper on the roll to be drawn forward the required
distance after each impression while the under or auxiliary pawl or dog
which is attached to the frame acts as a check to the backward move-
ment of the elastic roller and also as a stop to the movement of the
printing lever. There are two pins projecting from the type wheel shaft

page_text: which act in combination with an anchor and the electro-magnet in
the circuit and with the printing magnet, and are operated by the same
current as the printing magnet and not by a secondary current. These
pins are termed the pallet and stop pins, the former operating so as to
throw the anchor in the way of the latter thereby stopping the type wheel
uniformly at a certain point termed the starting point or unison. In
printing the circuit over the printing magnet passes over the small or
unison magnet, and the armature attached to the anchor is attracted to
the magnet and the anchor is thrown out of the path of the stop pin,
which allows the shaft and type wheel to revolve, and by printing a letter
before the type wheel and shaft make a revolution the stop pin is pre-
vented from engaging the anchor, so that by a continued printing the
type wheel revolves free, and it is brought to unison by means of the
stop pin and the anchor as soon as the printing is discontinued. The
anchor can also be dislodged from the stop pin by means of the printing
lever. Suspended over the printing apparatus is the electro-magnet, to
which is attached a lever bearing on the vibrating armature, by means
of which when it rests in certain positions a local current is formed
through the printing magnet and the printing is done.
The pole changer consists of a cylinder or drum in connection with
two metallic wheels or pieces with an equal number of teeth and
insulated spaces which are wider than the teeth. The wheels or pieces.
are connected with the battery by springs and attached to the cylinder
or drum which is driven by wheels and weights whereby the negative
and positive poles of a battery are used alternately, and which can be
cut off altogether by stopping the cylinder by means of pins in the
cylinder and keys not shewn. The extra circuit closer used in con--
nection with an extra key for closing the negative or positive pole of.
battery is for repeating a letter any number of times without moving.
the type wheel.
The governor for the transmitter consists of a cylinder, and a double
arm, which is pivotted to and swings upon a shaft, running through
the cylinder. On the ends of the arm are attached friction pads, the
speed being regulated by means of a spring and adjuster..
In Sheets 2 and 3 of the Drawings Figure 1 is a top view of the
said printing apparatus, transmitter, and connections; Figure 2 is an
end view of same; Figure 3 is a detail section of the printing apparatus
taken on a plane of the line x, x, Figure 1; Figure 4 is a detail view

page_text: of the transmiter; Figure 5 is a detail section of the printing apparatus
taken on the plane of the line y, y, Figure 1; Figure 6 is a detail
side view of the printing apparatus; Figure 7 is the paper feeding
mechanism; Figure 8 shews a separate pair of magnets for working the
improved unison stop and the unison mechanism; Figures 9 and 9ª show
the pole changer; Figure 10 is the extra key and circuit closer; Figures
11 and 11ª are detail views of a governor for the transmitter; Figures 12
and 12ª show a modification of the improved circuit breaker. Similar
letters indicate corresponding parts in these Figures.
A represents the frame which forms the bearings for the working
parts of the receiving instrument. In the upper part of this instrument
is secured the shaft a, on which is mounted the type wheel b; a step-
by-step motion is imparted to this shaft a by an escapement, which
consists of the two wheels c and c¹, Figure 3, provided with bevilled teeth
facing each other, the said wheels being set on the type wheel shaft a
with the intervening pawls or dogs d and d³; these pawls or dogs are
operated in combination with each other by means of a spiral spring j,
and are attached to the extended arm B; the said arm is secured to a
bart at t¹ extending through the center helix H', and hinged at the
bottom of said helix by means of a pin, and oscillating thereon parallel
with the type wheel shaft a, see Figure 3. The alternate action of the
negative and positive poles of a line current over the center helix H',
Figure 3, of the compound magnet H, H', and H³, and a local battery on
the helices H and H2, or the alternate action of the negative and positive
poles of a line battery over the helices H and H³, and a local battery on
the helix H', or a line current over all three helices of the compound
magnet H, H³, and H2, imparts a to-and-fro motion to the vibrating
arm B, and an oscillating movement of the pawls or dogs d and d¹,
which are caused to act alternately on the ratchet wheels c and c³, so as
to propel the type wheel shaft a step by step, and thereby throw the
type wheel b in a correct position at every stroke over the platen g,
Figure 5, it being held in this position until the impression is taken.
The platen g is attached to the printing lever i, which is mounted on the
rock shaft G, having its bearings in the frame A. From this rock
shaft G extends an arm E, Figure 1, to which is secured the armature D
of the printing magnet F and F¹; whenever the current is made to pass
through the printing magnet F and F the armature D is attracted, and
the platen g is pressed up against the circumference of the type wheel b.
In the paper feeding mechanism the strip of paper 1, Figure 5, on which

page_text: the impressions are made is taken from a roll (not shown), and drawn
through the guide f which projects from the printing lever i, and thence
passes over the platen g through the paper feed (see Figure 5), which is
composed of two rollers J and J¹, the upper or auxiliary roller j. being
elastic or otherwise, and the under roller J¹ being elastic. These feed
rollers are placed so close together as to take hold of the strip of paper,
thereby compelling the same to be drawn through by friction whenever a
motion is imparted to them from the printing lever i. On the shaft of the
lower feed roller J¹ is mounted the ratchet wheel k, and working in this
ratchet wheel k is the paul 1, which is attached to the printing lever i by
the pivot or screw m (see Figure 7). This roller J¹ is propelled at each
stroke of the printing lever i, and the paper so drawn along as to leave
the proper spaces between subsequent impressions taken thereon (see
Figure 1). The springs u and u¹ are attached to the frame A, and bear
upon the shaft O of the upper roller J, thereby producing friction suffi-
cient to hold the paper in position. The spiral spring u, (see Figure 6,)
connects with the printing lever i and the rod r, by which it is adjusted
so as to impart a quick or slow motion to the printing lever i. The stop
pawl, Figure 7, applied to the ratchet wheel k prevents a retrograde
movement of the feed rollers J and J¹, and also acts as a stop to the
printing lever i, shown in Figure 7. From the type wheel shaft a
project two pins o and o', which are set in relation to certain letters on
type wheel b. This relative arrangement of the pins o, o¹, to the letters
on the type wheel is not essential to the operation, (see Figure 8.) These
pins act in combination with a swivel anchor P pivoted on the
traverse r, Figure 1, or otherwise, and also with an armature g attached
to one end bearing on unison magnet s and s² as the type wheel shaft a
revolves the palate or pin o¹, the end of which is bevilled off, strikes on
one end of the anchor P and depresses the same, thereby raising the
other end of the anchor in the path of the stop pin o, and arresting the
type wheel b. In printing the current over the printing magnet F and F
passes over the small magnets and 8¹ in the circuit with the printing
magnet F and F, attracting the armature 9 on the anchor P, thereby
releasing the stop pin o, see Figures 1 and 8. By continued printing
before the type wheel 6 makes two revolutions the stop pin O is
prevented from coming in contact with the anchor P, thereby allowing
the type wheel 6 to go free, and is arrested as soon as the printing is
discontinued. By this arrangement two or more instruments working

page_text: in the same circuit are readily kept in unison. In printing any letter
the anchor P is also released from the stop pin O by means of the
lever w', which is attached to the rock shaft G, shown in Figures 1
and 8. This lever w', rigid to the rock shaft G and operated at the same
time with the printing lever i, is made to strike on one end of the
anchor P, throwing the other end of the anchor P out of the path of
the stop pin O. The printing current is formed by the connection of the
lever K hinged at won an upright plate M, to which is attached the
electro-magnet L and L', the lever K bearing on the vibrating arm B as
soon as the line current over the electro-magnet L and L' is broken
as best seen in Figures 2 and 3. The pole changer connected with the
transmitter (shown in Figure 1) consists of a cylinder or drum N in
connection with two metallic wheels or pieces a² and a³ provided with
an equal number of teeth and insulated spaces which are wider than the
teeth (see detail Figures 9 and 9*); the wheel a³ is connected with the
cylinder N, and the wheel a³ is insulated from it and from the wheel a³.
The springs 2, 4, 6, bearing on the periphery of the circuit wheels a², a³,
and spring L bearing on side of wheel a³, the standard 3 supporting N
connecting the circuit wheels a², a³, with the battery and line, so that
the negative and positive poles of the battery are used alternately
through the wheels a² and a³, and upon the line and instruments, and
the battery can be cut off altogether by stopping the cylinder N, so that
the spring 4 shall rest upon an insulated space. To repeat a letter I
close the pole of the battery last used, either negative or positive, as the
case may be, by depressing spring 5, Figure 10, by means of the key (11
upon point p, forming a connection by wire 17 and 12 with button S to
line, see Figures 1 and 10. Attached to the frame R of the transmitter
shewn in Figure 1, and also in Figure 11, is the govenor T composed
of a hollow cylinder U, through which extends the pinion shaft V,
having its bearings in the frame R and ear W, which is secured to the
frame R¹, through which ear play two pins 63 and 6 secured to a
collar c³, which forms a shoulder for the spiral spring d' secured to the
arms C and C¹, and playing upon the pinion shaft V; these arms C, C¹,
are pivoted upon the pinion shaft V, and on their ends are fastened
friction pads E³ and E³ which bear with a greater or less friction on
the inner surface of the cylinder U. To regulate the speed of the
transmitter the pins 63 and 6³ are pressed in or out and secured by a set
screw g³ on the ear W.

page_text: In the Drawings Figures 12, 12ª, shew a modification of the circuit
breaker. Upon the cylinder or drum N are also placed two metallic
wheels or pieces similar in construction to a³ and a³ heretofore described;
secured to the inner one marked a³ is an upright piece f*, from which
extend a rubber pin 9' and stop pin f³. Upon the pinion shaft U² is
secured an arm d, from which extends the spring c³, having platinum
at the end which rests upon the stop pin f³, thereby making the circuit.
The cylinder of the transmitter has a series of pins helically arranged
thereon, as is common in telegraph instruments. This cylinder is
stopped at a definite point by the depression of any one of a series of
keys in the well-known manner, but this is not shown in Drawing.
As the pinion shaft U, Figure 12, revolves, the spring which is rigid
on the cylinder and stopped with it by pins and keys (not shewn) in the
well-known manner, coming in contact with the rubber pin g* is forced
from the pin fs, thereby breaking the circuit.
In operating my telegraph printing apparatus I employ a compound
magnet composed of three helices H, H', and H³, Figure 3, and the
vibrating arm B secured to a bar or core t at t³, extending through the
centre helix H', and also the printing magnet F and F, and the electro-
magnet L and L'. The connection of the compound magnet with the
pole changer or circuit breaker a² and a³ of the transmitter and the
battery are such that a current can be passed in opposite directions over
the centre helix H' while a current is passing over H and H³, or vice
versa, causing the arm B and core t to vibrate. The current comes in
post 2N, indicated on Drawing (Figure 1) by arrows and figures 10 and
14 to spring 1 through pole] changer a³ to spring 2, thence to binding
post 3, indicated in the Drawing by arrows and figures 10, thence to
ground. From post I P to standard 3, indicated on Drawing by arrows
and figures 12 through pole changer a³ to spring 4, thence to button &
indicated by arrows and figures 12, through switch 7 to switch 8.
Then either to button a, to centre helice H2 of the compound magnets,
indicated by arrows and figures 12, thence to post 4, indicated by arrows
and figures 12, or from switch 8 to button I; then to relay magnet L,
indicated by arrows and figures 13, and from said magnet to centre
helix H, indicated by arrows and figures 13 to post 4, indicated by
arrows and figures 13.
-

page_text: pole changer a² to spring 4, then to button S, indicated by arrows and
figures 14, thence over circuit last described, using the negative or
positive poles alternately causes the armature of the compound magnet
to vibrate. By this arrangement the type wheel 6 is moved one letter
every time that the poles of the battery are changed, and by each
impulse over the line. The cylinder and pole changer N is now stopped
(by means of pins and keys not shewn), so that the points of spring 4
shall rest on an insulated space, thereby breaking the line current. As
soon as the line current is broken the lever K of the magnet L and L'
falls upon the vibrating arm B, completing a local circuit from post I to
lever K, indicated in Drawings, Figure 1 and 2, by dotted lines and
arrows and figures 15, thence over lever K to vibrating arm B, thence
through magnets F and F¹, indicated by arrows and figures 15, Figure 5,
thence through magnet 8 and S¹, indicated by arrows and figures 15,
Figure 1, to switch 22, indicated by arrows and figures 15, thence to
button Z to post 2, indicated by arrows and figures 15. From post 5,
Figure 1, to helix H of compound magnet indicated by a dotted line,
and arrows, and figures 16, through helix H' to switch 20, indicated by
arrows and figures 16, thence to button X to post 6 indicated by arrows
and figures 16.
Posts 5 and 6 with their connections represent a local circuit on the
helices H and H³ of compound magnet, which may be cut off by placing
switch 20 off of buttons X.
To repeat a current over the line and get an extra letter when printing
without turning the type wheel 6, the circuit closer p and på and
springs 5 and 6 are used, see Figures 1 and 10. The current passing
from post 2 N, either negative or positive, as the case may be, passing
through either a³ or a³, and from spring 6 to post p², indicated by arrows
and figures 17, then over spring 5 to p³, then to button S, indicated by
The current comes in
arrows and figures 17 and 12, thence to line.
post 2 N, indicated in Drawing, Figure 1, by arrows and figures 10 to
spring 1, then through pole changer a² to spring 2, then to post 3,
indicated on Drawing by arrows and figures 10, thence to ground. Tho
positive current comes in post 1 P to pinion c* of transmitter to screw c³,
Figure 12 and 12%, to spring co, then through cylinder N to circuit
wheel a³ to spring 2, thence to binding post 3 ground, while the negative
current comes in from post 2N to spring I, to circuit wheel a³, to
spring 4, to button 8 through instrument to line, being negative to. line.

page_text: The positive current is now sent to line by turning the pole changer
one space connecting spring 4 with wheel a³.
I believe the use of the two pins in type wheel shaft adjustable or
rigid very valuable, not only as a unison as used in this apparatus, but
also for many other purposes in printing telegraph apparatus.
The principal features of the third part of my Invention relate to the
substituting of a type wheel that may be used in place of the two type
wheels which it has always been found necessary to use in single wired
printing telegraph instruments where letters, figures, fractions, and
signs have been used. Also to taking the impressions from the type
wheel by means of or by the use of a spring instead of using an electro-
magnet, as has always been the practice.
By reference to the Drawing described below it is shewn that I
substitute an electro-magnet in place of a spring in combination with
the paper-feeding apparatus, and do the printing by the use of a spring
in contradistinction to the usual method and as an improvement upon
it for various reasons. I also shew and may use an electro-magnet in
circuit with the type wheel magnet, the said magnet operating the
printing lever to print by means of an extra current being sent over
the magnet when the type wheel has been brought to a desired position.
Also to arranging electro-magnets in a circuit in such manner that no
local battery shall be required upon the printing apparatus.
The arrangement of the various parts of these improvements will be
better understood by reference to Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings,
in which Figure 1 is an end view of this modification of my Invention ;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same; Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the
arrangement of the magnets and circuits; Figures 5 and 6 shew the
type wheels. Similar letters indicate the same parts in these Figures.
F, Figures 1, 2, and 4, designates a metallic frame which forms the
bearings for the working parts of my apparatus. In the upper part:
of this frame F is secured the type wheel shaft A, on which is secured
the type wheel B, the said type wheel being movable upon its axis A
and held in place by the collets c, c¹, and a dog D acting in a catch or
space a or a¹. Secured to wheel B, Figure 2, is a piece W, which may
be of metal or other material having upon its lower edge or surface two
beveled sides or faces forming a triangular space C, and upon its upper
surface is a tooth e and two corresponding spaces a, a'. Secured upon
the shaft A is an arm E upon which works or swings the dog or detent D

page_text: which plays in the spaces a or a¹, and is held in place by the springs s.
Upon the periphery of the type wheel B, Figure 1, are the letters,
figures, fractions, and signs, the letters being cut upon every second tooth
from a given point, and the figures, fractions, and signs, being cut upon
the teeth between the letters. Having then half as many teeth or move-
ments in an escapement where a step-by-step motion is imparted to a type
wheel as there are teeth in the type wheel, or letters, figures, fractions,
or other characters upon the periphery of the type wheel, I complete
the whole revolution of the type wheel in the same time it would require
to revolve a type wheel having only the same number of teeth or letters
as there are teeth in the escapement. It is evident, however, that if I
can get only half of the characters on a type wheel at one and each
revolution there must be some way arranged by which I may obtain
impressions from the other half of the characters. Having then used
the letter wheel I stop the wheel B at some given point. By means of
a spring S or an electro-magnet the printing lever P is moved suddenly
towards the wheel B, and the stud I acting upon the dog D displaces
it from the space a, and the stud J acting upon one of the faces of the
triangular space C causes the type wheel B to turn on its axis A the
distance of one tooth, and the dog D being pressed into the space a¹ by
the spring & the wheel B is again secured, and by the movement the
type wheel B has been placed in position to be used as a figure,
fraction, and sign wheel, being converted therefore alternately and at
will into a letter or a figure and fraction wheel. I dispense with the
second wheel which it has been necessary to use, and at the same time
work my double wheel as rapidly as though it had only half the number
of characters upon its periphery, so that instead of losing time in
transmission from having a large wheel, which it is necessary to have
where so many characters are used, I gain in speed and can do more
work with the double wheel and one wire than is done with two wheels
and one or more wires in other printing telegraphs.
I do not confine myself to the use of one wheel of this construction
nor to a type wheel with any especial number of characters upon it.
.
In Figure 6 is shewn a type wheel having upon its periphery letters,
figures, and a dash which may be used as a hyphen, and as a fractional
sign so that by the use of it and the figures fractions may be quoted,
as in the quotations of market values it is found necessary. And by
arranging the figures 1, 3, 5, 7, in a group upon the periphery of a

page_text: type wheel upon one side of the dash to be used as numerators, and
the numbers 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 0, upon the opposite side of the dash so that
they may be used as denominators, the second type wheel generally
used for figures and fractions is dispensed with and fractions readily
obtained from one wheel, thus 1-8, 1-4, 1-2, 3-8, and so on, or if found
desirable the denominators may be lengthened, that the fraction may
appear more clear, thus 1-8, 1–2, 3–8, 3–4.
In Figure 5 is shewn another form of type wheel having letters,
figures, and certain duplicate figures or characters placed upon the
periphery of the type wheel in such a position that they may be im-
pressed upon a strip of paper lower than the circunferential line of the
other letters and figures upon the wheel; the said duplicate figures
16, 8, 4, 2, may be used in combination with the ordinary letters or
numerals to indicate market prices of cotton, stocks, and the like
when they fluctuate by sixteenths, eighths, quarters, and halves, thus,
110,237 1.
In operating my printing telegraph I employ a compound magnet
having a soft iron bar or vibrating armature passing through the helix A",
Figure 2, the said compound magnet together with the escapement
used has been herein-before described.
I also use for a purpose I believe to be new and advantageous an
electro-magnet M, Figures 2 and 3, in the circuit with my compound
magnet A, A¹, A", in such a manner that when the type wheel is being
rotated the magnet M in the same circuit with the type wheel magnet
prevents the printing lever or any part connected therewith from coming
in contact with or striking against the type wheel B, and when the
type wheel is brought to any desired position, the current over magnet M
being broken, the impression is taken from the wheel by the use of a
spring S instead of using an electro-magnet, as is the practice. The
circuit may be closed or broken or changed by or with any of the well-
known circuit closers or pole changers.
I also show and may use an electro-magnet M³, Figures 2 and 3, in
the circuit with the type wheel magnet in such a manner that the
currents operating the type wheel magnets will have no effect upon the
magnet M, and when the type wheel is brought to a desired position
an extra current over magnet M', which may be quantity or intensity,
will so affect and operate the magnet M' that the printing is effected.

page_text: By reference to Figure 3 the currents will be more fully understood.
The current coming in at post 1 passes over wire C¹ and magnet M,
over wire C¹¹ and helix A' and wire Cu to post 2, and from there to
line and to other instruments in same circuit or to ground. In the
second method the circuit passes from post 1 over wire a¹ to magnet M¹
over wire a¹¹ and helix A' and wire a¹¹¹ to post 2, and then as before.
I also show in Figure 4 certain mechanism and arrangement of
magnets and circuits by which I may obtain the same results as herein-
before described. In the Drawing a spring S is suspended between
two screws e, e¹, so that the insulated arm 6' on the lever B¹ by the
movement of the lever B¹ to the right causes the spring S to strike or
come in contact with the insulated screw e¹, and when moved to the
left the spring S strikes upon the screw e so that a current passing from
battery B will pass to spring S either through screw e or e¹. The
magnet M', M', is in the line circuit with the helix A³ of the type wheel
magnet A, A¹, A". The rapid oscillation of the lever B¹ constantly
breaks the points e, e¹, and S, and prevents the magnet M¹ becoming
magnetized. And it is only operated to effect the printing when the
spring S is in permanent contact with the screw e or e¹.
I would here remark that the proper position and arrangement of the
magnet M' is best shown in Figure 2 and it is shown detached in
Figure 4, for the purpose of showing the connection and circuits. K
represents a key or commutator of any desirable construction by which
a series of pulsations may be sent over the conducting wires and electro-
magnets of the receiving instruments.
In order that the operation may be better understood I will describe
the connections and circuits as follows:-From the battery B¹º a current
passes from N to the anvil 1 of the key K, and thence over wire 1 to
the point 2. From the point 2 to the point 3 three routes or circuits are
shown by which the currents may pass to the helix A¹. One is over the
wire 2 and magnet M³, M³, and the others over wire 3 to screw e¹ and
spring S and wire 5, or over wire 4, screw e, and spring S and wire 5 to 3
and thence over wire 6, and helix A¹, and wire 7, back to battery, and
when the key K is depressed at 21 the current passes from the positive
end P* over the same circuit described. At the point 2 the circuit
over the screw e or e¹ and spring S being much shorter and offering
little or no resistance as compared with the circuit over M', M³,
electrical impulses of short duration will have no perceptible effect

page_text: upon the magnet M₁ unless the spring S is allowed to remain in per-
manent contact with either the screw e or e¹, in which case the electro-
magnet M¹, M³, becomes magnetized, and its armature M' attracted and
the printing effected. The bar B¹ is made to vibrate by the use of alter-
nate negative and positive currents over the line circuit as herein-before
described. It may also be made to vibrate with an open and closed
line circuit by the use of the spring S" to move the lever or bar 6¹ in
one direction. In using an opened and closed line circuit the wire 4
and screw e and anvil 1 will be dispensed with, and the printing will be
effected on the closed line circuit when the spring S is left in contact
with the screw e¹.
It will be understood from the above explanation that by simply
transmitting the proper number of electrical impulses of short duration
by means of a properly constructed circuit breaker the mechanism for
rotating the type wheel will be operated without sensibly affecting the
impression device, and when the desired character is brought opposite
the impression pad the duration of the final current is prolonged, and
the electro-magnet M', M', becomes fully magnetized, and the impression
of the letter or character produced as herein-before described, and by
the use of either alternate negative and positive impulses over the line
circuit, or by an open and closed line circuit.
An electro-magnet has been used for printing in the same line
circuit with the type wheel magnet, but I do not claim simply an
electro-magnet for giving the impressions in the same circuit with the
type wheel magnets.
My paper feeding or spacing mechanism shown in Figure 7, Sheet 3,
may be used in this apparatus by the direct action of the magnet M.
The fourth part of my improvements relates to that class of printing
telegraphs using as a motor for rotating the type wheel a train of wheels
and weight, with an escapement in combination with electricity for
governing the train, and for placing the type wheel in a desired position
with accuracy by a rapid step-by-step movement.
The chief features of this part of my Invention relate, 1st, to an
escapement whereby a type wheel is stopped and securely held at the
position desired, and in no case allowed to pass, by a single letter in
advance of the transmitting apparatus as is the case in printing
telegraphs of this class, the escapements generally being of such a
B

page_text: construction and form that they are inefficient to overcome the
momentum of a rapidly rotating type wheel and to secure it firmly
and certainly at just the point desired; 2nd, to a compound magnet
having a soft iron bar or vibrating armature acting as an escapement
lever, the magnet also acting as a local circuit breaker; 3rd, to a
transmitting apparatus constructed in a new, simple, and convenient
manner.
This part of the said Invention is illustrated in Sheets 5 and 6, in
which Figure 1 shows a top plan view of the instrument; Figure 2
shows a top plan view of the transmitter with keyboard removed;
Figure 3, an end view of instrument; Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, show
modifications of escapement; Figure 8 shews the printing lever and
paper feeding machanism; Figure 9 is a side view of the compound
electro-magnet, vibrating armature, and circuit closer; Figure 10 shews.
the pole changer, circuit closer, and connections; Figure 11 shews
a section of the keyboard and keys; Figure 12 shews the repcating key
and connections; Figure 13 is a view of the device for overcoming
the inertia of the type wheel at starting. Similar letters refer to
corresponding parts in these Figures.
A*, Figure 1, designates the frame; B, the type wheel; C, type wheel
shaft; D, drum; D³, driving wheel of a train of wheels upon the outer
shaft C of which in this case is secured the type wheel B; c, c¹, are
the wheels of the escapement; p', the pallet; A, A¹, A", a compound
magnet with extended cores C, C¹, B¹, the armature or escapement
lever vibrating on pivot D", Figure 9; M, M, the printing magnet;
M', its armature; P, the printing lever; o, o¹, Figure 1, pins in type
wheel shaft C*, acting upon swivel anchor W; R, Figure 8, r, r¹, d,
8, 81, S, the paper feeding apparatus; g, guide for the paper X, taken
from a roll not shewn; y, the platen or printing pad; F, Figure 2,
bottom frame of key board with holes 1', 21, 31, 41, 5', shewn for keys to
work in. At F¹ a part of the frame F is removed shewing top frame
of transmitting apparatus F", the arm b, non-metallic stud 8', point d
upon arm b, the spring S", insulated end e¹, and point d' upon arm b¹;
F, Figure 11, is a top section of key board shewing keys K', K",
and repeating key; E, x, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, shew a train of wheels
carrying the pole changer a, a¹, on shaft 4", best seen in Figure 10,
and circuit closer b, 61, 81, d, d¹, s¹, e¹; G is the governor herein-before
Jacombod

page_text: In this apparatus I have adopted the use of weights for running the
respective trains, but it is well understood that springs may be used
as well. The escape wheels are made of two pieces of steel c, c¹, with
teeth cut upon them, having one side, which I will call the face, on
a radial line. These wheels are set rigidly on shaft C* with the flat
surfaces together, the teeth of one wheel being opposite the space of
the other, and the inner end of each tooth beveled at any acute angle
with the face before mentioned to allow of the pallet escaping easily
through and between the teeth.
When the power is applied to the train the oscillation of the bar or
lever B¹ carrying the pallet p¹ working upon the face and between the
teeth of the escapement wheels c, c¹, allows of a step-by-step motion
and escape of the type wheel B, and the straight or bottom surface
of the pallet p¹ catching at each vibration or oscillation of the lever B¹
upon the face of the teeth of the wheels c, c¹, thereby holds firmly
at every point without the tendency or possibility of its disengaging or
allowing the type wheel to move beyond a desired position, the move-
ment of said lever B¹ is adjusted by the screws i, i, making it at
once a simple, rapid, and reliable escapement, and the pallet p¹ when in
motion describing an arc of a circle. The friction of the bearing parts is
reduced to the least possible amount, so that a light weight will cause
the train to start instantly upon being released, and a slight battery
power will affect the escapement lever, thereby making it rapid and
practical for long line telegraphing.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 7ª, show in detail modifications of the escape-
ment already described, in which it is clearly shown that the teeth may
be cut upon one wheel, Figure 4, instead of two; and also that one
wheel, Figure 5, with a tooth, shown in the Drawing, and double
pallet p, p, and also Figures 6, 7, wheels or wheel having steel pins
instead of teeth and double pallets p, p, or a single pallet på may
be used;
there are other modifications of the principle shown herein that
may be used, which are substantially the same, but I do not confine
myself to these especial arrangements.
Swinging upon the rock shaft R³, Figures 3 and 9, is a lever L, upon
which is fastened the armature a, and attached to it also is the spring S³,
the use of which will be hereafter explained.
The paper feeding apparatus R, r, r¹, t, d, 8, S, s³, g, y, does not differ
materially from that herein-before shewn, except that the pin or stop 8

page_text: in printing lever P is used as an adjuster to the movement of the
printing lever.
Figure 10 shows the pole changer composed of two metallic pieces
a, a', attached to one of the shafts 4¹¹ of a train of wheels, Figure 2,
and a is insulated from shaft 4" and from a¹. Also attached to said
shaft 4 are the arms b, 61, the arm 6' being insulated from it and from
the arm b, best seen in Figure 10. The springs 1, 2, 3, bearing upon
the surface and periphery of these circuit wheels a, a', and the spring 4¹¹¹
attached to the bottom frame of key board F, and insulated from it,
bearing upon the top of arm 6' form such connections with a battery
line and ground circuits or connections that when the pole changer a, a',
is in motion alternate positive and negative currents are transmitted to
the line. In principle it does not differ from the corresponding part
herein-before shown.
I believe it to be new and advantageous to construct it in the manner
now shown, dispensing with the cylinder and pins generally used, it
being more simple, rapid, and less liable to get out of order.
The details of the circuit closer before alluded to are shown in
Figure 10. Attached to arm b¹ is a spring S" having a platina point
at d' and an insulated end e¹, and on arm 6 is a stud d having a platina
point and non-metallic stud 8¹. When the transmitting apparatus is
in motion the points d, d', upon b, b₁, are in metallic contact, and as
the arms b, b¹, revolve between the frames F, F", and under the keys
K', K', upon depressing either of the keys K', K', the point e¹ coming
in contact with the depressed key the points d, d¹, are separated and
the movement of the arms b, b¹, is arrested. The key being released
returns to place by means of a spring in any of the well known ways,
and the point e¹ being released the spring 8" closes the circuit again
at d, d, before the arms b, b', commence to move, they being held in
place by the stud s¹ in contact with the depressed key after e¹ has been
released. The key Ex, and its use and the governor G have been
herein-before fully described.
The operation of the magnet A, A', A", I will describe at this point.
While a current is passing over the helices A¹, A", in the extended
cores C, C¹, of which is developed alternately opposite polarities, a
current is made to pass over the helix A¹ causing the soft iron bar or
core B₁ to become electro-magnetized with a polarity at B₁ of an
opposite nature to one of the cores C, C', and by this method I obtain

page_text: umis method also I may
obtain any amount of power required, and also have it at all times of
uniform strength, avoiding the defects of all permanent polarized
magnets, the loss of power, the uncertain polarity, and the trouble
consequent upon the use of the same.
In operating this apparatus the pole changer a, a², Figure 10, being
allowed to move or revolve, and the points d, d', upon the arms b, b',
being in contact, alternate positive and negative currents pass to line,
and when the line circuit is broken a local printing circuit is formed
and the printing effected.
The direction of the currents and the circuits are as follows:-A
negative current passes from post 4N over wire 8, spring 3", circuit
wheel a', spring 2", wire 8, to post 2 G to ground, and a positive current
passes from post 3 P, over wire 12, spring 1", circuit wheel a, shaft 4",
arm b, points d, d, spring &", arm b¹, spring 4", wire 12, button T,
switch 8, wire 12, helices A, A", wire 12, to post 1 L to line, or over
as many other magnets as may be practicable to work in one circuit,
and eventually to ground. Also vice versa, that is from positive post
3 P direct to ground, and negative post 4 N over line, transmitting
alternate negative and positive currents over the coils A', A¹¹¹, causing
the armature a on lever L to be constantly attracted, breaking the
points m, m³, and there being a polarity developed in the bar B', as
herein-before described, it is made to vibrate rapidly to and fro, carrying
the pallet p', and allowing the escape of the type wheel as herein-before
explained. By depressing either of the keys K₁ at this stage of the
operation (the key depressed coming in contact with the point e¹ on
spring &, Figure 10) the points d, d³, are separated and the revolution of
the pole changer a, a', is stopped, and simultaneously with it the type
wheel or type wheels at one or more distant stations, the said type
wheels working synchronously with the pole changer are arrested with
the letter corresponding to the key depressed directly over the printing.
pad y attached to the printing lever P. When the points d, d, are
separated and the line circuit broken, the cores C, C¹, of the helices A,
A", ceasing to attract the armature a, the spring S³, Figure 9, draws.
the lever L from the, magnet A, A¹, A", and closes the points m, m³,
Figure 9 and Figure 10, whereby a local circuit is formed through
post 6, wire 4, lever L, points m, m³, magnets M, M', wire 4, to post 5,
causing the armature M' to be attracted and the printing effected.

page_text: In many cases it is desirable to repeat a letter when printing, to do
which the sending operator has only to press upon the key Ex, closing
the points f, f¹, Figure 12, thereby closing the line circuit with the
current last used, whether negative or positive, causing the cores C, C¹,
of the helices A, A", to attract the armature a without moving the
type wheel B and breaking the points m, m³, and the circuit or current
over the magnet M releasing the armature M¹, causing the paper to be
fed along by the retractile force of the spring S, Figure 8, bringing a
blank space under the type wheel, now by releasing the key Ex, it
resumes its original position, and the line circuit is again broken at f, f¹,
Figure 12, and the points m, m¹, on the receiving instruments again
closed, and the printing effected as before.
In Figure 13 I have shown the type wheel shaft C*, type wheel B,
escapement c, c¹, and arm h rigid on shaft C*. Upon this shaft C* is
loosely fitted the pinion h", having the straight flexible spring o'
attached to it. When the pinion h¹ is rotated or driven by the wheels
composing the train, the spring o' coming in contact with the arm h
carries the type wheel and shaft, and upon arresting the type wheel and
shaft the momentum of the train acts upon the pinion " in such a
which
manner that a strain or tension is produced upon the spring o³,
(when the type wheel is released) acts as a reserved power for effecting
the instant movement of the type wheel and overcoming the inertia at
starting.
.
"
The fifth part of my Invention relates to telegraph apparatus, and
consists in improvements upon the apparatus employed in the "Morse'
system of telegraphing, and also relates to electric circuits in com-
bination with electro-magnets, the said circuits being well adapted to
commercial reporting telegraphs, where it is desirable not to have a
local battery and to operate with the use of only one line wire.
It is well known that in the "Morse" system of telegraphing the
principal instruments in use are the relay, key, sounder, register, and
repeater. The register and the sounder are the principal receiving
instruments, and are generally worked by local batteries and at
distances of ten miles and upwards. The relay is employed as a local
circuit breaker, closing a local circuit of a local receiving instrument by
the action of the line current passing over the helices of an electro-
magnet, and when the line circuit is broken the retractile force of an
adjustable spring serves to break the local circuit again.

page_text: In practice the line current is ever varying, and the relay is ever a
source of annoyance and trouble to the receiving operator, who is
obliged to closely watch and carefully adjust the spring already alluded
to, at times the adjustment being too great, and again not enough.
In my present improved and non-adjustable relay I am enabled to
dispense with the spring, the line current itself automatically making
and breaking the local circuit by its action upon my relay, magnet, and
other devices, and by dispensing with the adjustable spring I avoid that
great source of trouble, and am enabled to word my relay effectively and
always reliably much further than the relays in general use, and with a
much lighter current.
ल
In the instrument known as the sounder the same defect exists as
in the relay, the only difference being that the sounder is not so
delicately adjusted, and a stronger spring is used, and consequently more
battery power is required to overcome its retractile force; and the
sounder for long distances is also subject to the relay. In this
improved sounder I have dispensed with the spring, and may or may
not adjust the movement of the hammer by screws, and can work the
sounder effectively quite as far as the "Morse" relay (so called) can be
worked, and without the aid or employment of a relay, and with a small
local battery. I believe it to be new and advantageous to automatically
change the poles of a local battery at one or more distant stations, using
either one polarity of the distant local battery over one circuit, and the
reverse polarity over another circuit for different purposes, or both
polarities over one or more circuits for the same purpose, which I am
enabled to do with the apparatus herein-after described. It has also
been found necessary to use an instrument called a repeater in long line
telegraphing.
With my simple and improved form of repeater I am enabled at a
distant station, as for instance St. Louis, as shewn in the Drawing
herein-after described, to automatically close a local battery upon a line,
repeating at that station the impulse, whether of long or short duration,
sent from the station at New York, and also am enabled at that station
(St. Louis) to close the continued line circuit with the same polarity,
whether positive or negative, that was sent from New York, so that if
I am using the line current for more than one purpose the opposito
polarities or poles of the battery effecting the different purposes to effect
this automatically, changing the poles of a distant local battery alter-

page_text: nately or occasionally over a continued line circuit becomes at once quite
important and necessary. My method and apparatus for doing this
I believe to be new, simple, and effective.
In telegraphing it is found expedient to use a local battery which may
be at the sending station or at the receiving station, or both, for different
purposes, and to effect this object an instrument called a switch or circuit
changer is found indispensable.
This part of my Invention is illustrated in Sheets 7 and 8 of the
Drawings, in Sheet 7 of which Figure 1 shows a side view of a key in
the form of a pole changer; Figure 2 is a top or plan view of a sounder;
Figure 3 is a top or plan view of the call or signal bell; Figure 4 is a
top or plan view of a non-adjustable relay; Figure 5 is a top or plan
view of a pole changer and repeater and pole changing relay; Figure 6
is a top or plan view of an automatic switch.
In Figure 6 is shewn an automatic electro-magnetic switch which is
effective at long or short distances, and which I think it proper to
describe here; I am aware of Siemens' polarized switch or relay,
which is a permanently polarized steel bar placed between the cores of
an electro-magnet, and is operated by a reversed polarity of the current
over the electro-magnet.
In my present improved switch the compound electro-magnet con-
sists of the helices A, A', A", the helix A' having a soft iron bar or
core pivoted at D, which becomes electro-magnetized by currents of
electricity passing over the helix A' either from a local battery or a line
battery, and the core B" is made to oscillate upon the pivot D by an
opposite polarity in the core B" to one of the cores C, C', the said
polarities being developed either by the use of a main line current and
local current upon A, A', A", or a line current over all, as will be fully
shewn herein by description and reference to Sheet 7. In Figure 6, in
which is shewn the compound magnet used as a switch, are also shewn
several important features. First the connections; from battery B° a
current passes over wire 6¹, helix A³, and wire 6¹ back to battery, and
a line current over L", helices A, A", wire 6, to ground at G.
main line current over wire L¹, helix A", wire 6¹¹, to ground at G, and
a local current from battery B over wire 6", helices A, A', wire 6" to
battery; or a local current over A, A", and a line current over A³, as
shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, the same result being effected in each case,
namely, the rapid oscillation of the bar or core B", and in the arrange-
Or a

page_text: ment shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, there is a local battery on A, A", of
any desired power, and the cores C, C³, may be magnetized to their
utmost capacity, and a light current over A³, which may or may not be
wound with fine wire, developes polarities in the core B" and the strong
poles C, C¹, and causes the core B" to oscillate with great force and very
rapidly. The core B" may be of any desirable construction.
In Figure 6 I also shew attached to the core B one end of a
spring S", it being a straight, flexible, steel spring or other elastic
substance, and its opposite end is rigid to an adjustable elbow E. The
said spring may be applied to the core B" in any of its combinations if
found desirable. The spring S" is to keep the core B" central between
the point d or d³, or their equivalents, when the main line circuit,
which I will presume passes over helix A', is broken. By this arrange-
ment the compound electro-magnet may be used as a switch in various
ways, namely, one end of a battery, as B³, being connected with the
bar or core B", and the other end through different circuits to the
points d, d', a close line circuit from the positive pole of a battery, say
over helix A', will cause the core B" to connect with the point d¹, con-
ducting the current from battery B³ over magnet N", and upon breaking
the line circuit the spring 8" causes the core B" to return to its central
position again, thereby breaking the local circuit. If now the negative
current be used over the line circuit the point d will be in contact
with the core B", and the current from B³ will pass over the magnet M³,
and upon breaking the line circuit the spring acts as before described.
Furthermore, the circuits d³, N¹, 7", and d, 7', M', may be connected
alternately by the use of alternate negative and positive currents over
the line circuit, by which I obtain a rapid oscillation of the core B",
and a connection at d or d at each impulse, which will enable me to
automatically switch the local current from point d to d², the points d, d',
being in the same or separate circuits.
-
In Figure 1 the key K' is operated as a pole changer, and it is
constructed and connected with the battery in the following manner:
The centre lever D, insulated from D¹, D", and swinging upon a pivot
at d', has upon it the insulated studs 8, s¹, bearing the points e, e¹,
el, e, and the wires 1¹, 2¹, connections from the negative and positive
poles of the main line battery. The frame D₁ has the points a, a¹,
insulated from it, the said points a, a', being connected to line by wire 2.
The bar D is rigid to the support D', and has the points c, c¹, and is

page_text: connected with ground G by wire 2". When the key is depressed the
points a, e, e¹¹, c, are in connection, and the current passes from post P
through wire 2¹ to stud 8, points e¹, c, bar D", wire 2", to ground, and
from post N over wire l', stud s¹, points e¹, a, to wire 2 to line. When
the points e¹, c¹, a¹, e¹¹¹, are in contact the positive current goes to line
and negative to ground.
I do not claim more than the combination of this form of key with
the magnet A, A', A", neither do I confine myself to this particular
arrangement, as the same can be modified or varied and the same result
produced.
The magnet A, A', A", in Figure 2 having been fully explained in
the description of Figure 6, I will only describe the other points of this
improvement. As the core B" vibrates it is made to strike at each
moment upon the boxes B*, B*, or any suitable substance or arrange-
ment from which clear and distinct sounds may be obtained. By this
arrangement I am enabled to obtain two sounds in the time taken with
the present "Morse" apparatus to obtain one. I may use only one box
or its equivalent if it is found desirable. I also dispense with the spring
by using an impulse of one polarity to oscillate the core B" in one
direction, the opposite polarity oscillating it in an opposite direction,
and as has been explained the power for working the sounder hammer
or core B" being produced at the receiving station with a local battery
or helices A, A", can work my sounder effectively nearly as far as
the core B" can be charged, it appearing at once to be an improvement
over the sounders in general use. The same explanation applies to the
several other Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, except that the relay, Figure 4, and
switch, Figure 6, may be worked much further, there being necessary
only the slightest movement of the core B", and the advantage over
the relay in general use is very evident, there being only one helix A¹ in
the line circuit and only one core B" to be charged and no spring to
overcome, it is more sensitive, will require less line battery, and will
work much further and more certainly and reliably than the relay in
general use.
In Figure 5 the pole changer does not differ materially from the onc
shown in Figure 1. The lever D swings on pivot du, an arm on B"
projects through the stud S¹, and as the core B" vibrates alternate
negative and positive currents are automatically passed over the local
magnet N from battery B³. The battery is connected with the

page_text: studs s, s, and when 8 is in connection with D" the positive current
goes to ground at G over wire 5, and negative current from stud st
to D¹, wire 5", magnet N, wire 5%, to ground, and vice versa.
Also by
connecting D' with line circuit by wire 5, the alternate negative and
positive currents are sent to line 2, making this combination at once an
automatic pole changer and an automatic pole changing relay for a
continued line circuit, and by proper connections a repeater repeating
over a continuous line impulses of longer or shorter duration from the
first or sending station at an intermediate station.
I do not confine myself to this particular form or construction, as
there are numerous devices that I may use with the same effect, springs
may be attached in various ways, and other connections made to produce
the same result. I have shown the different instruments at different
stations in the line circuit 2 from New York to San Fransisco, but it is
well understood that each and all may be combined and operated
effectively at each office or station.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, show other combinations and connections which
I will proceed to describe at this point. Figure 1ª represents a form
of pole changer materially the same as the one herein-before described
and shown.
i
Figure 2 represents a common key K" used in the "Morse" ap-
paratus; Figures 3ª, 4*, shew the electro-magnets in combination with
the key and pole changer and batteries B', B². These combinations
are especially adapted to telegraph apparatus, whether printing, dial, or
"Morse" instruments, when worked with one line wire and without
the aid of a local battery. In this combination Figures 1 and 2ª may
be considered to be at some central sending station, the electro-magnet
1-1, and its armature 1' and helices A, A', A", at a receiving station,
and Figure 4* the magnet 2, 2, and its armature 2¹ and helices A, A¹, A",
at another station.
In operating these combinations the circuits are as follows:-In the
first circuit a current passes from end battery B¹ over wire 10, spring 3,
wheel a', spring 2, wire 10, to ground at G', and from battery B¹, P,
wire 10, spring 1, circuit wheel a, spring 4, wire 10, insulated point 1,
screw 1', key lever L, screw 2", wire 8, helices A, A", wire 8, helicos A,
A", wire 10, to ground at G", alternate negative and positive currents

page_text: passing over this circuit, and a light current passing over wire 8 from
2, B3, to screw 2", wire 8, helices A, A", wire 8, A, A", wire S, and
returns over A³, wire 8, magnet 2-2, wire 8 A¹, wire 8, magnet 1-1,
wire 8 to post 3, and wire 8 to B, again causes the oscillation of the
cores B, B, as is well understood. To render the magnets 1-1, 2-2,
effective for any purpose, the key K" is closed at 2-2" and a strong
current is sent over the circuit last described from B from P to N.
In the second circuit shown by dotted lines the points 2-2 being in
contact, a strong current passes from B' over dotted lines 12, screw 2",
wire 12, helices A, A", wire. 12, helices A, A", magnet 2-2, wire 12,
helix A', wire 12, magnet 1-1, wire 12, post 3, to battery B² at N
strongly charging the helices in the circuit, and attracting the arma-
tures 2, 2, to the position shown by dotted lines. The connections from
battery B¹ may be the same as previously described, or they may be
from B', N, wire 10, spring 3, wheel a', spring 2, wire 15, Pt. 8, and
from P, B¹, wire 10, spring 1 wheel a, spring 4, wire 10, screw 1, screw 2¹¹,
wire 12, over all helices and dotted lines 12 to post 3, wire 12, P. 8, or
from N, B¹, wire 12, spring 3, wheel a', spring 2, wire 12¹, to P, and
from P, wire 12, spring 1, wheel a, spring 4, wire 12, screw 1', screw 21,
dotted wire 12, over circuit last described to post 3, wire 12, to N
battery B. And the battery B2 at the same time may be grounded
at G and at opposite end of line at G". In either of the combinations
of circuits but one line wire is used, and the results produced are the
rapid oscillation of the armatures or cores B, B, without the use of local
batteries, and the effecting of the magnets 1, 1, 2, 2, in one case by an
increased current from the sending station by means of key K", and in
other cases a strong current serving to charge the magnets 1, 1, 2, 2,
and causing them to hold their respective armatures attracted to their
respective cores, and by breaking that circuit the armatures 1', 2¹¹,
are released.
In these combinations the compound electro-magnets
A, A', A", A, A¹ A", may be used for many of the improvements
herein shown and described. And these arrangements, combinations,
and circuits are especially adapted to that class of commercial reporting
printing telegraphs described in detail herein-before, the magnets A,
A¹, A", A, A', A", serving as the type wheel magnets and the clectro-
magnets 1, 1, 2, 2, as the printing magnets.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I wish it understood that I make the

page_text: following claims, the first seven embracing the improvements specified
in connection with the first part of this Invention :-
First. A compound electro-magnet substantially as described.
Second. A compound electro-magnet consisting of three pairs of
electro-magnets C¹, C1, C2, C2, C3, C³, arranged substantially as shown,
and having a switch bar F passing through the centre helices C², Cº,
substantially as set forth.
Third. The double pallet c oscillating between the teeth of the
ratchet wheels e, f, on the type wheel shaft a, in combination with the
magnets B, B¹, substantially as described.
Fourth. The oscillating anchor y and pins w, x, in combination with
the type wheel shaft and with the printing lever, or any part connected
to the same, substantially as described.
Fifth. A paper feeding mechanism composed of elastic rollers or an
oscillating foot acting upon one elastic roller, and operated from the
printing lever of a printing telegraph apparatus, as herein described.
Sixth. The mechanism substantially as herein described for moving
the type wheel first when the main circuit is closed, and then when the
main circuit is open in combination with the electro-magnets B, B, B¹, B¹,
as set forth.
Seventh. The combination of the pointing lever with the unison
mechanism and type wheel shaft, whereby the type wheel shaft after
having been arrested by the unison mechanism is liberated by the
action of the printing lever or any part connected to the same.
The following fourteen claims embrace those improvements described
in connection with the second part of this Invention :-
Eighth. The compound electro-magnet H, H', H2, and the vibrating
bar or core t, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before set forth.
Ninth. The two oscillating pawls or dogs d, d¹, attached to the
vibrating arm B and the spring in the vibrating arm B, as set forth.
Tenth. The combination of the said parts d, d¹, B, j, of the escape-
ment with the wheels c, c¹, and an escapement lever B or equivalent
device.

page_text: Eleventh. The rollers J, J', the double-acting pawl ¹ in combination
with the pawl 1, screw m, ratchet wheel k, and printing lever i, sub-
stantially as described.
Twelfth. In combination with the type wheel shaft the rigid or
adjustable pins o, o', substantially as described.
Thirteenth. The electro-magnet 8, 81, and its armature g or equivalent
devices when used in combination with a unison mechanism.
Fourteenth. The lever 10* or equivalent device actuated by the
printing magnet in combination with a unison mechanism.
Fifteenth. An electro-magnet L, L³, and its armature lever K in
combination with the vibrating arm B or its equivalent.
Sixteenth. An automatic circuit closer L, L', and its armature lever K,
and vibrating arm B in combination with a local circuit, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
Seventeenth. The pole changer and circuit breaker a², a³, and con-
nections constructed and operating substantially as described.
Eighteenth. The modification of the pole changer and circuit breaker,
namely, the upright piece f2, the rubber pin g*, the stop pin or screw f³,
and the spring c³, in combination with the transmitter, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
Nineteenth. The extra key t" in combination with the pole changer
and circuit breaker a³, a³, or any circuit breaker, as and for the purpose
described.
Twentieth. The governor T constructed substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before set forth.
Twenty-first. In printing telegraph apparatus operated by a single
wire, the combination of the pole changer, the compound magnet con-
trolling the type wheel, the unison mechanism, and the type wheel.
The following five claims embrace the improvements described in
connection with the third part of this Invention :―
Twenty-second. The combination with the type wheel magnet of an
electro-magnet M₁ placed in the line circuit and the printing lever
operated directly thereby as herein described.
Twenty-third. The combination with the type wheel magnets and
an electro-magnet M placed in the line circuit, the printing lever P,

page_text: and the spring S, when the retractile force of the said spring causes
the impressions to be effected substantially as described.
Twenty-fourth. In a printing telegraph apparatus operated by one
wire, a type wheel, the periphery of which is provided with integral
numbers so arranged upon said type wheel that fractions of numbers
may be printed therefrom.
Twenty-fifth. The combination of the type wheel B, printing lever P,
arms I, J, arm E, dog D, spring 8, and catch W, constructed and
operated substantially as set forth.
Twenty-sixth. Feeding or spacing the paper after each impression
by the direct action of the electro-magnet M in the line circuit, as set
forth.
The following six claims embrace the improvements specified in
connection with the fourth part of this Invention.
Twenty-seventh. The combination of the pole changer a, a¹, with the
circuit closer b, b', d, d³, 8", substantially as described.
Twenty-eighth. The combination of the compound electro-magnet
A, A', A", with the circuit closer L, m, m³, 83, substantially as described.
Twenty-ninth. The combination of the compound electro-magnet
A, A', A", circuit closer L, m, m³, 83, the pole changer and circuit
breaker a, a', and circuit closer b, b', d, d¹, s¹¹, substantially as described.
Thirtieth. In a printing or dial telegraph apparatus an escapement
constructed substantially as herein shown.
Thirty-first. In a printing telegraph of this class using as a motive
power to rotate the type wheel a train of wheels and weight or spring,
the unison mechanism o, o', and anchor 20, in combination with the
printing lever P and type wheel shaft, whereby the type wheel shaft
having been arrested by the unison mechanism is liberated by the action
of the printing lever or any part connected to the same, substantially
as set forth.
Thirty-second. In combination with the type wheel shaft the loose
pinion ""the spring o*, and arm h, or equivalent devices, substantially

page_text: The following fourteen claims embrace those improvements described
in connection with the fifth part of this Invention :--
Thirty-third. The key K' in combination with the compound electro-
magnet A, A', A", as set forth.
Thirty-fourth. A sounder or receiving instrument operated in the
main line circuit at great distances without the aid or employment of
a relay, substantially as described.
Thirty-fifth. A sounder or receiving instrument composed of the
compound electro-magnet A, A', A", vibrating soft iron core B", and
anvil B*, or equivalent device, substantially as described.
Thirty-sixth. A sounder or receiving instrument constructed and
operated substantially as herein described.
Thirty-seventh. A call or signal bell constructed and operated sub-
stantially as described.
Thirty-eighth. A non-adjustable relay, substantially as described.
Thirty-ninth. An automatic pole changing relay, substantially as
described..
Fortieth. An automatic pole changing relay operated automatically
at a distant station by means of an alternate open and closed main line
circuit.
Forty-first. An automatic pole changing relay operated automatically
at a distant station by means of alternate negative and positive currents
transmitted over the main line circuit.
Forty-second. In telegraphic apparatus a pole changer D, D¹, D", S, S¹,
or equivalent contrivances combined and operating in connection with
one or more compound electro-magnets A, A', A", substantially as
described.
Forty-third. An automatic electro-magnetic switch or current changer
constructed and operated substantially as described.
Forty-fourth. The combination of the pole changer a, a', or equivalent
device, key K", one or more electro-magnets 1, 1, 2, 2, and one or more
compound magnets A, A¹, A", A, A¹, A", and circuit or circuits as and
for the purposes described.
Forty-fifth. In reporting printing telegraph apparatus a single main
line wire 8 and 10. having two grounds as G₁. G. for effecting the

page_text: rotation of the type wheel or wheels in that circuit, in combination with
a "metallic" circuit 8 to effect the printing as described.
Forty-sixth. In reporting printing telegraph apparatus a "metallic"
circuit 12, 12¹, 12, to effect the rotation of the type wheel or wheels in
that circuit in combination with the main line circuit 12", 12, 12",
having two grounds, as G, G", as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my band and seal, this Second day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
E. C. JACKSON.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)