Improvements in Multiplying-gear.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 9th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 13th Sept., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Multiplying-gear.
1, JOHN LAIDLAW, of 19 Bath Street Southport, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
MULTIPLYING-GEAR". to be as follows :-
My invention relates to mechanism by which an increased rate of motion is obtained
in the same axial-line as the driving shaft.
According to my invention, on the driving shaft 1 key a disc or wheel (hereinafter
called the main-wheel) having at or near it's circumference on one or both sides an
annular projecting rim, which rim or rims have each on their inner surface a ring of
inwardly projecting teeth, that is to say. teeth pointing towards the centre of the
wheel. For some purposes the main-wheel may have such projecting rim and teeth
on one side only, while for other purposes two rims and sets of teeth are required,
one on each side of the said main-wheel. In the following description reference will
be made to only one side of the main-wheel but it is to be understood that the
arrangement may be exactly similar on the other side thereof.
On and surrounding the driving-axle is a fixed tube within which the driving axle
runs freely and which is connected at one end to the fixed parts or frame carrying the
apparatus, and at the other end carries a frame hereinafter described in which spur-
wheels are mounted. On and surrounding this fixed tube is a tubular axle which
runs freely thereon, and on which is keyed, in the same plane as the ring of inwardly
projecting teeth, and in the centre of, and concentric therewith, a small spur-wheel or
pinion (hereinafter referred to as the pinion).
Gearing with the said pinion, and with the before mentioned ring of inwardly
projecting teeth, is another spur-wheel which runs loose on an axle or pin forming part
of a frame hereafter described.
I
may,
Instead of only one such spur-wheel gearing with the pinion and the ring of teeth,
and generally, employ more than one, preferably three, (and the full advan-
tages of my invention are not attained with only one such wheel) arranged
symetrically round the pinion, so that the pinion triply geared with the main-
wheel.
The frame above mentioned by which the spur-wheels are carried consists of a ring
formed of a disc, with it's central part cut away, lying between the web or spokes of the
main-wheel and the spur-wheels, which ring is fixed to a disc on the other side of
the spur-wheels, which disc is mounted on and rigidly fixed to the fixed tube covering
the driving axle. The pins forming the axles of the spur-wheels are fixed into and
between the said ring and disc.
The action is as follows: On the driving axle being turned, whether by steam-power,
treadles, hand-power, or otherwise, the main-wheel is rotated, thereby turning the
spur-wheel or wheels, which, in turn, drive the central pinion at a speed several, or
many, times greater than that of the driving shaft. The pinion carries round with it
it's tubular axle upon which is mounted or keyed the wheel or other matter or thing
which is to be rotated rapidly.
When the main-wheel is similarly fitted on both sides, the rapidly rotating tubular
axles on the two sides of the main-wheels may be united to one common tyre by spokes
or otherwise, so as to form together the hub of a larger wheel which may be used as
a driving-wheel, or for other purposes, and within which the whole apparatus above
described is therefore contained.
11
T
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Multiplying-gear.
1, JOHN LAIDLAW, late of No. 19, Bath Street, Southport, in the County of Lancaster,
but now of No. 17, Lance Lane, Wavertree, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MULTIPLYING-GEAR and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
وو
My invention relates to mechanism by which an increased rate of motion is obtained
in the same axial-line as the driving shaft.
According to my invention, on the driving shaft I key a disc, or wheel (hereinafter
called the main-wheel) having at or near its circumference on one or both sides an
annular projecting rim, which rim or rims have each on their inner surface a ring of
inwardly projecting teeth, that is to say, teeth pointing towards the centre of the
wheel.
For some purposes the main-wheel may have such projecting rim and teeth on
one side only, while for other purposes two rims and sets of teeth are required,
one on each side of the said main-wheel.
In the following description reference will be made to only one side of the main-
wheel but it is to be understood that the arrangement may be exactly similar on the
other side thereof.
On and surrounding the driving-axle is a fixed tube within which the driving-
axle runs freely and which is connected at one end to the fixed parts, or frame,
carrying the apparatus, and at the other end carries a frame hereinafter described in
which spur wheels are mounted.
On and surrounding this fixed tube is a tubular axle which runs freely thereon, and
on which is keyed, in the same plane as the ring of inwardly projecting teeth, and in
the centre of, and concentric therewith, a small spur-wheel or pinion (hereinafter
referred to as the pinion).
Gearing with the said pinion, and with the before mentioned ring of inwardly
projecting teeth, are spur-wheels which run loose on axles or pins forming part of a
frame hereafter described.
Instead of only one, or one pair of, such wheels gearing with the pinion and
the ring of teeth, I may, and generally, employ more than one, preferably three, (and
the full advantages of my invention are not attained with only one such pair of wheels)
arranged symetrically round the pinion, so that the pinion is doubly or triply geared
with the main-wheel.
The frame above mentioned by which the spur-wheels are carried consists of a ring
formed of a disc, with its central part cut away, lying between the web or spokes of
the main-wheel and the spur-wheels, which ring is fixed to a disc on the other side of the
spur-wheels, which disc is mounted on and rigidly fixed to the fixed tube covering
the driving-axle. The pins forming the axles of the spur-wheels are fixed into and
between the said ring and disc.
In the accompanying sheets of drawings I have represented my invention as applied
to a bicycle or tricycle but it is to be understood that it is applicable to other
machinery and I will now proceed to describe the same and for that purpose shall
refer to the said drawings and to the figures and letters of reference marked
thereon.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of ny said invention as applied to a cycle.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of one side of the main-wheel."
Fig. 3 is a section of the same.
Fig. 4. is an elevation of a plate and spur-wheels thereon, and Fig. 5 is a vertical
section of the same.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of the plate supporting the opposite ends of the axles of
the spur-wheels and Fig. 7 is a section of the same.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of one section of the hub of the running wheel.

page_text: Fig. 9 is an elevation of the inner end of the same.
Fig. 10 represents a small plate to which is keyed and rigidly attached the fixed
tube surrounding the driving-axle, and to which tube is fixed the plate represented
in. Figs. 4 and 5.
A is the driving-axle or crank shaft. B a disc, or wheel, keyed rigidly thereon and
having at, or near its circumference, an annular projecting rim B₁, on the inner
surfaces of which is, on each side of the web of the disc B, a set of inwardly pro-
jecting teeth C. On and surrounding the driving axlo A is a tube D rigidly fixed
to the plate I hereafter described and which tube D is by means of the plate d
rigidly fixed or keyed to the guide rod H which is fixed to, or form part of, the
frame carrying the apparatus say the fork of the bicycle.
The plates I and J (shown separately in Figs. 4. 5. 6 and 7) are prevented from
rotating by means of the plate d and support the axles of, and carry between them,
the loose running spur wheels K', K², K³, K', of which K and K³ gear with the
inwardly projecting teeth C of the wheel B, and K2 and K* gear with a spur-wheel
or pinion L which is rigidly fixed to and is concentric with the half-hub M of the
running wheel which hub runs loose on and over the tube D.
The action is as follows: On the driving axle A being turned, whether by steam-
power, treadles, hand-power, or otherwise, the main-wheel B is rotated, thereby
turning the spur-wheels K1, K2, K³, K', which, in turn, drive the central pinion Lat
a speed several, or many, times greater than that of the driving shaft.
The pinion L carries round with it its tubular hub M which forms the central
portion of the running wheel N, or other matter or thing which is to be rotated
rapidly.
When, as represented in the drawings, the main-wheel is similarly fitted on both
sides, the rapidly rotating half hubs M on the two sides of the main wheel may be
united to one common tyre by spokes or otherwise as shewn in the drawings, so as to
form together the hub of a larger wheel N which may be used as a running or driving-
wheel, or for other purposes, and within which the whole apparatus above described is
therefore contained.
The foregoing description shows my invention applied to a velocipede, but my
invention is not limited in its application to such machines and is applicable for many
other purposes, in fact wherever it is desired to obtain increased rate of rotary motion
without change of the axis of rotation.
When it is desired to obtain and transmit such accelerated rotation without change
of the line of its axis and it is not required to place the apparatus within a large
wheel, the arrangement may be considerably simplified according to the requirements
of the case, and the multiplying gear may be confined to one side only of the
wheel B. And further when a reversal of the direction of rotation is admissible
may instead of a pair of spur wheels K1, K2 &c., gearing with each other, and with
respectively, the annulus and the pinion, make use of one spur-wheel in place of
these two and make it gear with the annulus on one side and the pinion on the other,
using one or more, preferably three, such wheels in place of the similar number of
pairs of spur wheels. The necessary modifications for adapting my apparatus to the
circumstances and requirements of various cases as they arise will at once suggest
themselves to the practical engineer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is:
(1) The arrangement of multiplying gear by which an increased rate of rotation
is obtained in the same axial line as the driving-shaft substantially as and in the
manner described and set forth.
(2) In multiplying gear the combination of an annular set of inwardly projecting
teeth with the loose spur-wheels K¹, K³, K³ and K', mounted in a frame fixed as
described and the central pinion L, as set forth and shown in the drawings.
(3) In the construction of gearing to work on the axle, concentrically with and

page_text: within the driving or principal wheel of velocipedes and other machinery, the con-
struction and arrangement of and for the stationary parts which carry those parts of
such gearing as do not partake of the revolution of such driving or principal wheel;
substantially as shown and described.
(4) The construction of bicycles, tricycles and the like with multiplying gearing
fixed and contained within the driving, or running-wheel thereof substantially as
described and set forth.
Dated the Ninth dow of Arrest 1000
JOHN LAIDLAW.