AN IMPROVED SIZING SUBSTANCE
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Riley, of Hapton, near Accrington, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED SIZING SUBSTANCE."
Sealed the 13th October 1864, and dated the 16th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Riley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1864.
I, JOHN RILEY, of Hapton, near: Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SIZING SUBSTANCE," to be as follows:-
I use chloride of barium in solution, either alone or mixed with other sizing
materials, such as flour, starch, farina, or similar matters, the proportions to be
varied according to the kind of goods to be sized. This sizing matter is applicable
to yarns, threads, textile fabrics, and all kinds of goods required to be sized;
and also in finishing prints, and preventing mildew. In some cases I use

page_text: chloride of calcium and chloride of soda with the chloride of barium, and other
kinds of chemicals may be found practicable for mixing, but the chloride of
barium I make the base...
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Riley, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
RILEY, of Hapton, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said John Riley, Her special license that I, the said John
Riley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said John Riley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time, agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times.
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SIZING SUBSTANCE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Riley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Riley, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
I use chloride of barium, or a mixture of barium with one or more of the
following chlorides-Chloride of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride of
potassium, or chloride of magnesium. But I prefer the following mixture:-.
Twenty gallons of chloride of barium at 50° Twaddell, mixed with one gallon:

page_text: of chloride of calcium at 50° Twaddell, and to each gallon of this mixture I
add thirty gallons of the usual sizing, starching, or finishing substances, and:
pass the goods through the said mixture in the ordinary way. This mixture
and process are particularly applicable to printed or dyed goods...
3
In applying this compound to goods that do not require sizing or starching,
I make a solution of the mixture by adding water until it stands at 4° Twaddell's
hydrometer, and then pass the goods through or over the solution by means of
a padding, mangling, or damping machine, and then dry and finish in the
ordinary manner.
For bleached or unbleached calicoes, linens, or other similar fabrics, yarns,
or threads, I use a mixture of chloride of barium with one of the metallic
chlorides, or a mixture of chloride of barium, chloride of calcium, chloride of
sodium, chloride of potassium, chloride of magnesium, with one of the metallic
chlorides; and those which I have found in practice to answer the best are,
the chloride of mercury, chloride of zinc, chloride of lead, chloride of arsenic,
chloride of bismuth, chloride of antimony, or chloride of tin; but I prefer the
use of chloride of zinc mixed with the chloride of barium, and to prepare this
liquor I take five gallons of chloride of zinc at 7° Twaddell, and twenty gallons
of chloride of barium at 50°, to which I add as much water as will bring it to
4° Twaddell, and then thicken it with any of the substances used for sizing,
starching, or finishing, and pass the goods through in the usual manner.
In applying it to cotton or linen, cloth or mixed fabrics, yarn or threads, not
printed or dyed, either before or after the usual process of sizing or starching, I
take twenty gallons of chloride of barium and five gallons chloride of zinc at 7°
Twaddell, to which I add as much water as will bring it to 4° Twaddell, and
then pass the goods through or over this liquor by means of a padding, printing,
or damping machine. One of the other chlorides may be substituted for the
chloride of zinc or the chloride of barium ; but I prefer these two as answering
the best for general purposes, and when used with size, starch, or other
finishing substance they produce a superior finish, retaining at the same time
a uniform degree of moisture without mildewing, which is a very important
desideratum.. This compound is applicable to all kinds of cloth, thread, or
yarn, either with or without the use of the usual sizing, starching, or finishing
substances..
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be under-
stood that I claim, the use of chloride of barium alone, or a mixture of the
said chloride of barium with one or more of the following chlorides,-chloride

page_text: of calcium, chloride of sodium, chloride of potassium, or chloride of magnesium,
and for some purposes the mixture of a metallic chloride with the barium in
or about the proportions, and in or about the degrees of temperature, for.
the different purposes and in the manner as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Riley, have hereunto set my
hand-and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Riley, in the
presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
"
. Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOHN RILEY. (L.S.).