Improvements in Cranks, Shafting, and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cranks, Shafting, and the like.
CHARLES M. JOHNSON, 22 and 23, Laurence Pountney Lane, Cannon Street, E.C.,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows;
-
My invention pertains to an improved method of manufacturing axles, cranks,
shafting or the like, in which I may use wire, strips of metal or the like, wound or
twisted together in the same or in opposite directions, and welded or brazed so that
the strips of metal wire or the like may be made into any desired form, and be less
liable to defects from blowholes or faults, and of far greater strength for equal
mass than the present system of manufacturing.
In the old system of manufacturing shafts and the like, blowholes and faults would
occur with no fault of the workmen. With this system the workmen have the
mode of manufacturing so under their control that blowholes and faults need not
occur.
Dated this Third day of March 1898.
Improvements in Cranks, Shafting, and the like.
I, CHARLES M. JOHNSON, Mechanical Engineer, of 22 and 23, Laurence Pountney
Lane, Cannon Street, E.C., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention pertains to an improved method of manufacturing axles, cranks,
shafting or the like, in which I may use wire, strips of metal or the like, wound
or twisted together in the same or in opposite directions, and welded or brazed so
that the strips of metal wire or the like may be made into any desired form, and
be less liable to defects from blowholes or faults, and of far greater strength for
equal mass than the present system of manufacturing.
In the old system of manufacturing shafts and the like, blowholes and faults
would occur with no fault of the workmen. With this system the workmen have
the mode of manufacturing so under their control that blowholes and faults
need not occur.
In carrying out the invention two or more metal wires strips or the like are
wound or twisted together and then welded to form what I call a rod." The rods
are preferably made in two ways, the wires in some being twisted from left to right,
in others from right to left.

page_text: Two or more of these rods are twisted or wound together and then welded to form
what I call a "strand," rods formed with an opposite twist being desirably employed
alternately. The strands may also be made some with rods twisted from left to
right, others from right to left.
The shaft may be either hollow or solid.
If hollow a strand is wound spirally round a core or mandrel and its coils
welded together, the core being afterwards withdrawn. If a solid shaft is to be
made a strand is used as a core and this is welded in one with the strand wound
round it.
Two or more layers may be formed by winding strands one over the other.
When more than one strand is employed the strands are wound alternately from
left to right and from right to left, the coils of each layer being welded together,
and to the layer beneath it, before another strand is wound on.
The shaft can be made of any desired diameter by varying the size of the
strands or by multiplying the number of layers.
"2
The accompanying drawing shows diagrammatically the process of building
up a hollow shaft formed of two layers.
Wires
E E are twisted and welded
together to form "rods" D D¹, respectively, the wires E being twisted from left
to right and E¹ from right to left as shown, the ends being shown before being
welded. Rods D, D are twisted and welded to form strands B, C the strand B
having its rods twisted from right to left, whilst the rods forming the strand C
are twisted from left to right.
A is a mandrel or core around which the strand B is wound, the portion B¹
showing the completed state of the layer, the coils being welded together. Over B¹
is wound the strand C, the finished shaft being shown at C where the coils of the
strand C are shown welded to each other and to the inner layer B. The strands B
and C are wound in opposite directions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
"
66
1. The process of building up a shaft axle crank or the like by twisting together
and welding two or more wires to form a "rod" twisting together and welding
two or more rods to form a strand winding a strand" spirally round a core
which may or may not form a permanent part of the shaft or the like and then
welding together the coils of the "strand.""
2. Building up a shaft axle crank or the like with or without a permanent core
of two or more layers welded together each layer being composed of a spirally
wound "strand" and the coils of the strand welded together before the next layer
is wound over it, the strands forming the layers being wound in opposite directions
substantially as described.
3. In a shaft axle crank or the like a strand such as C composed of two or more
rods such as D D¹ the wires of which are coiled in opposite directions substantially
as described.
4. A shaft axle crank or the like made substantially in the manner described or
illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 2nd day of January 1899.
CHARLES M. JOHNSON,
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.