IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Ingham and Henry Ingham, of Halifax, in
the County of York, Manufacturers, and James Broadley, of the same
Place, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 6th February 1866, and dated the 10th August 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Ingham, Henry
Ingham, and James Broadley at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th August 1865.
We, JOHN INGHAM and HENRY INGHAM, of Halifax, in the County of
York, Manufacturers, and JAMES BROADLEY, of the same Place, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the shedding motion or means of working
the healds or heddles in looms for weaving; and the improvement consists in
having each leaf of healds or heddles attached at each end to a slide rod or
frame capable of sliding up and down in or on brackets fixed to the loom ends.
These rods or frames are connected by other rods to levers which are operated
by tappets or eccentrics fixed on the tappet shaft, and which tappets or eccentrics
are so arranged or disposed and set on the said shaft as to actuate the rods
and levers, and consequently move the healds or heddles up or down at the
proper time as required. By means of this improvement, all bands, jacks,

page_text: treddles, bowls, rods, and the top rail or cross frame of the loom are dispensed
with.
Secondly, the Invention relates to the taking-up motion or means of
winding the woven fabric on to the beam, and the improvement consists in
operating the taking-up roller by means of an eccentric fixed on the tappet
shaft operating a rod attached thereto and to a lever with the usual catches
for acting on the ratchet wheel in gear with the taking-up roller; also in
having the cloth beam resting upon and driven by the taking-up roller, and
in having it made of iron or other suitable heavy material of sufficient weight,
so as to dispense with the levers and weights now applied for that purpose;
this beam is placed in slots attached to the loom ends so as to be capable of
rising as the cloth is wound thereon.
Thirdly, the Invention relates to the batten or lay, and the improvements
consist in dispensing with the usual sword arms, and mounting the said batten
upon horizontal slides, or upon jointed arms hinged on a vertical spindle, so as
to obtain horizontal motion, and thereby avoid the curvilinear motion of the
batten now produced by sword arms, and also to maintain the reed in the
same position at every part of the stroke; or we mount the batten upon
the ordinary crank arms, which are so formed as to be capable of sliding in
brackets fixed to the breast beam or the loom ends, or on the top ends of arms
capable of oscillating. The crank shaft in this case we place as near as con-
venient to the back part of the loom, in order to obtain a greater length of the
crank arms,
Fourthly, the Invention relates to the knocking-off motion, and the
improvement consists in having the "frog" to ride on a pivot attached to the
loom end, and nearly balanced thereby, requiring but little power to move it,
and it is so arranged that the notch will rise slightly when acted upon by the
catch of the stop rod,
Fifthly, the Invention relates to the picking motion, and the improvement
consists in covering the shur spindle or picker spindle with glass, to diminish
friction and lubrication thereof.
Sixthly, the Invention relates to the letting-off motion, and the improve-
ment consists in the application of a worm on the friction pulley shaft to gear
in a worm wheel fixed on a screw spindle passing through the weight on the
lever, which is so arranged as to cause the weight to slide on the lever, and
thereby reduce the pressure on the friction pulley in proportion as the
diameter of the warp beam becomes less by the taking-off or removal of the
warp therefrom.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Ingham, Henry Ingham, and James Broadley in the
Great Seal Patent Office. on the 9th February 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
INGHAM and HENRY INGHAM, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manu-
facturers, and JAMES BROADLEY, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Ingham, Henry Ingham, and James Broadley, Her special
license that we, the said John Ingham, Henry Ingham, and James Broadley,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
John Ingham, Henry Ingham, and James Broadley, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Ingham, Henry Ingham, and James
Broadley, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals (or under
the hand and seal of one of us) should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Ingham, Henry Ingham, and
James Broadley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings,
(that is to say):—
The Figures upon the accompanying Sheet of Drawings show so much of
the parts of a loom as will be necessary for illustrating our said improvements
in looms for weaving severally and in combination with each other.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation with portions of the front parts of the loo:n
supposed to be broken away to expose some of the parts at the back of the
loom; Fig. 2 is an end elevation, and Fig. 3 a sectional elevation.
A represents the end frames; A¹, cross stays; a, the crank shaft; a', the

page_text: driving pulleys; a², fly wheel on: the crank shaft; b, tappet shaft receiving
motion -through the wheels a³, b', from the crank shaft; b, picking tappets
acting upon bowls upon the vertical picking shafts (68), having the picking
arms (6) at their upper ends. The parts above described are ordinary and
well known.
The first part of our Invention relates to the shedding motion or means for
working the bealds or heddles, and consists in improved arrangements of the
healds in combination with their actuating mechanism, which will be most
readily understood by reference to the Figures of the Drawings.
Each leaf of healds (c) is connected to a separate pair of actuating rods (c²),
one on each side of the loom, and the ends of the shafts (c) of the healds
pass into sockets or brackets (c³) secured to the actuating rods (c²) by set
screws, so that each socket or bracket (c) can be adjusted by means of the
slots in the actuating rods (c) to allow the healds to be tightened, slackened,
removed, or replaced as required. Each actuating rod (c) can slide up and
down, being held in position at its upper end by a set screw passing through
long slot in it, and screwing into a bracket (c) attached to the end of the
loom; these set screws form pins upon which the rod (c) can work freely
and swivel slightly, in consequence of the arc described by their lower ends.
a
In the arrangement shown in the Drawings two leaves of healds are moved
up and two down at the same time. The rods (c²) actuating the two front
healds are jointed at their lower ends to arms (d¹) from a shaft (d) placed
parallel to the front of the loom, and the rods (c) actuating the two back
bealds are jointed to arms (d¹) from another shaft (d) similarly placed, but
below the first-named shaft, as shewn best in Figs. 1 and 3. Each of the
shafts (d) has oscillating motion imparted to it by an excentric (d2) upon the
tappet shaft (6), the motion being transmitted by an excentric rod (d³)
jointed at one end upon a stud (d) adjustable in a slot formed in an arm (d³)
fixed upon the shaft (d). By this arrangement of the actuating mechanism
the time of opening the shed can be readily adjusted by changing the position
of the excentrics (d2) upon the tappet shaft (b); the vertical position of the
healds (c) can be regulated by altering the position of the arm (ds) upon
each oscillating shaft (d), and any required range of movement of the healds
can be obtained by moving the stud (d') in the slots formed in the arms (d),
as all these parts are secured by set screws.
Fig. 4 is a detached end elevation, and Fig. 5 a corresponding plan view.
showing a mode of applying cranks to actuate the oscillating shafts (d) in
place of the excentrics (d2) shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. In these views A is
the framing; Al, the cross stays; and 6 the tappet shaft; do is a wheel on

page_text: the tappet shaft gearing with one upon a short shaft (d') carried. in bearings
on a cross stay passing from the front to the back of the loom. Upon the
ends of the short shaft cranks (d) are secured, and the crank arm may be
made slotted so that the crank pin can be moved to and from the axis of the
shaft (d') to give a greater or less movement as required. To each crank
pin one end of a rod (d³) is jointed, the other end being jointed with the end
of an arm (ds) upon the oscillating shaft d. The connecting rod (ds) is
formed with a right and left handed screw coupling link, so that the length of
the rod may be readily adjusted.
Figs. 6 and 7 are detached views showing an arrangement for working two
sets of healds by one oscillating shaft and one crank. d' represents a shaft in
gear with the tappet shaft (b); d, a slotted arm with adjustable pin; d, a con-
necting rod jointed at one end with the crank pin, and at the other end.with
an adjustable stud in an arm (d) secured upon an oscillating shaft (d), which
is to be placed between the two sets of rods (c²) to be actuated. The lower
ends of the two front rods (c) are connected to form a part having a toothed
rack (c) facing the oscillating shaft, and the lower ends of the two back rods
are formed in like manner, the toothed racks (c) gearing with a wheel (d³)
on the oscillating shaft (d), so that when the shaft is in motion the racks will
alternately ascend and descend. Fig. 7 is similar to Fig. 6, except that
toothed racks (c) and wheels (d³) are dispensed with, and arms (d) are fixed
upon the oscillating shaft (d), which arms have bowls upon them entering
slots in the lower parts of the rods (c) as shown. In Figs. 6 and 7 the lower
ends of the rods (c²) are made to slide in suitable guides permitting vertical
movement. Tappets may be substituted for excentrics or cranks (though
we prefer excentrics), in this case the tappet end of the rod (d³) will have
to be forked to fit and slide upon the tappet shaft (6), and the stud for the
bowl working upon the tappet will have to be placed in the side of the rod.
The fork of the rod will permit it to move endways upon the tappet shaft, but
will resist the lateral action of the tappet upon the bowl. When each leaf of
healds (c) is to have separate movement, as is required for weaving some
fabrics, then a separate oscillating shaft (d) and pair of arms (d) will be
required for each, and will have to be actuated by tappets..
The second part of our Invention relates to the motion for taking up or
winding the fabric upon the beam as it is woven, and it consists in an arrange-
ment and combination of mechanism for the purpose. The beam (e) upon
which the cloth is wound is rotated by contact with a roller (e¹), which may
Lave a plain surface, or may be covered with sand or other material to give
a roughened surface as in ordinary taking-up motions, but the beam (e) upon

page_text: which the cloth is wound is placed above the roller (e), its pivots being
arranged in slotted pieces (e²) secured to the end frame (A), so that it can
rise as it fills with cloth. The cloth beam (e) is pressed against the roller (e¹)
by its own weight (and this is one peculiarity of our Invention), being made
of iron or other suitable heavy material, and it is lifted from the roller (e¹)
when the cloth is to be unwound from it by levers (e³) (one at each end of
the beam), jointed to the end frames, and acting against the pivots of the cloth
beam. The roller (e') receives motion from a series of toothed wheels, as
shewn in the Drawings, in connection with a ratchet wheel, which is acted
upon by two hooked pawls (e), both jointed to the same lever (es), but on
opposite sides of its fulcrum (e), so that one pawl acts to propel the ratchet
wheel when the lever moves one way, and the other when the lever moves the
other way, and thus a retaining pawl is dispensed with. The lever (e³)
receives oscillating motion from a crank or excentric (e) upon the tappet
shaft. (6) by means of a connecting rod (es) as shown.
The third part of our Invention relates to the lay or batten, and consists in
arrangements by which the curvelinear motion of the lay in ordinary looms
is avoided, the face of the reed being kept at the same angle to the horizon
in every part of its movement.
One method of carrying this part of our Invention into effect is illustrated
by Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The lay (ƒ), reed (9), shuttle boxes (h), and other
parts are same as in the ordinary looms, and the connecting links or
rods (f) between the cranks and lay are as in the ordinary loom, but the
ordinary lay swords are dispensed with. The lay is mounted upon two slide
rods (f), one at each side, and these rods work through brackets (f³) secured
to the end frames.
Fig. 8 is a detached view shewing another method of mounting the lay on
two rods (f) jointed to the lay at the upper ends, and to a bracket (f) at
the lower ends. In this arrangement the lay has a slight ascent and descent
in a curve, but the face of the reed is kept at the same angle to the horizon
at every part of its movement.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to the "knocking-off motion," and
consists in nearly balancing the "frog" on a pivot or stud in the end of the
loom, and so as to rise slightly when acted upon by the frog finger. Two
independent frogs are used, one on each side, so that the "shock" will be
equal upon both sides of the lay when the "frog" fingers catch, but only one
of these frogs acts upon the stop handle. f is the shaft attached to the lay,
having fingers (f) acting upon the "swell" of each shuttle box and
fingers (3) to act upon the frogs; all of which parts are of the ordinary con-

page_text: struction. The frogs (k) are mounted on pivots or studs (¹) fixed in the
ends of the loom. They are balanced to fall when left free towards the lay,
and to come against a stop so as to rest in the position shewn in the Drawings:
The frog rises slightly when struck by the finger, and consequently is less
liable to slip than that of ordinary arrangement. That frog (k) which acts
upon the stop handle (1) is shewn on the right side of Fig. 1, and it is made.
with a projection to come against the flat side of the spring stop handle (7),
and force it from the notch by which it is held when acted upon by the frog
finger (f).
The fifth part of our Invention relates to the picking motion, and consists
in covering the picker spindle (m) with glass to diminish the friction, and
thereby the lubrication required. This is accomplished by coating an iron'
spindle with glass when fused, or by fitting or cementing a metallic spindle
into a tube of glass by shellac or other suitable cement.
The sixth part of our Invention relates to the motion for letting, off the
warp from the beam, and consists in an arrangement of mechanism by which
the holding back friction can be readily modified as the yarn beam diminishes
in diameter in combination with the taking-up motion herein-before described.
A toothed wheel (n¹) is fixed on the flange of the warp beam (n), which is
made to geer with a pinion on a shaft (n³), passing between the ends of the
loom, or a pinion on a short shaft having bearings in a bracket attached to
one end of the loom. On the end of the shaft (n²) at the outside of the loom a
pulley (3) is fixed, and round this pulley a rope or belt (n) of any suitable
material is passed several times, one end of the rope being secured to a stud
(n) in the framing, and the other end to a lever (nº), having its fulcrum
at (n). This lever is acted upon by a weight (nº), which can be easily slided
along it so as to diminish the tension upon the rope (n') as the yarn on the
beam (n) diminishes in diameter. The toothed wheels are only represented
by peculiar dotted pitch lines in some of the Figures of the Drawings.
We have now particularly described the nature of our Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be carried into effect, and claim as our
Invention,-
Firstly, the arrangement of healds in combination with actuating rods (c²),
and the mechanism for actuating such rods by excentrics, cranks, or tappets
having facilities for adjustment, as herein-before described and shewn in the
accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, the arrangement of a taking-up motion where the cloth beam (e) is
pressed solely by its own weight against a roller (el), and the combination there-
with of a double-acting lever (e), and pawls actuated by a crank or excentric,

page_text: for transmitting motion to a sand roller or its equivalent through a ratchet
wheel and toothed wheels, as herein-before described and shewn in the
accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly, the arrangements for keeping the reed at the same angle to the
horizon; as berein described and shewn in the Drawings, when combined with
healds, arranged and actuated substantially according to our first claim.
Fourthly, the arrangement of the "frogs". (k) upon pivots, substantially as
herein-before described and shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly, the covering or coating of the picker spindles (m) of looms with
glass, substantially as herein-before described..
Sixthly, the arrangement for letting off the warp from the beam as herein-
before described, in combination with the taking-up arrangements according
to our second claim..
In witness whereof, we, the said John Ingham, Henry Ingham, and
James Broadley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth
day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six..´
JOHN INGHAM.
(L.S.)
HENRY INGHAM.
(L.S.)
JAMES BROADLEY. (L.S.)
JOHN INGHAM.
(L.S.)
HENRY INGHAM. (L.S.)
JAMES BROADLEY. (L.S.)