CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND OPERATIONS CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND FABRICS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
TATHAM and DAVID CHEETHAM, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventh day of May, in the thirteenth year of Her reign, and in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said John Tatham and
David Cheetham, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity, that we, the said John Tatham and David Cheetham, our exors, adñiors,
and assigns, and such others as we, the said John Tatham and David
Cheetham, our exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Inven-
tion of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS FOR MACHINERY OR APPARATUS AND OPERATIONS
CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON, WOOL, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES AND FABRICS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MATERIALS TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that we, the said John Tatham and David Cheetham, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date

page_text: being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
David Cheetham, (on behalf of myself and of the said John Tatham) do
hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascertained
in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following explanation
thereof, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates,-
Firstly, to a method of constructing carding cylinders, doffers, fancies, or
other rollers whereon wire cards are to be placed, such method consisting in
casting the axles in the same pieces with the main part of the said cylinders,
rollers, &c., or in the same pieces with the ends thereof only.
Secondly, in the application of two or more feeding apparatus to the same
beater in scutching or lap machines.
Thirdly, in apparatus for transferring slivers (with or without twist) of
cotton or other fibrous material on to bobbins from cans or other receptacles
in which such slivers have been deposited by the carding engine or drawing
frame or other machine used previously to the bobbin and fly frame.
Fourthly, our Invention consists in a method of giving drag to the bobbins
of roving or slubbing frames when such bobbins are caused to revolve by
traction only, according to the method for which a Patent was granted to
Messieurs W Eccles and others, bearing date the Third day of Decem-
ber, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine. Our improvement upon that
plan consists in connecting together the whole or a portion of the bobbins by
means of toothed gear, straps, bands, or other suitable apparatus, such con-
necting medium being capable of having a retarding power applied thereto
according to the amount of drag required.
Fifthly, in the application of a "stop motion" to roving or slubbing frames,
such motion being placed between the delivering rollers and the spindles of the
said machines, for the purpose of arresting the motion thereof upon a breakage
of material occurring.
Sixthly, in the application of a break to roving and slubbing frames, and
also to carding engines and swifts or reels for the purpose of stopping the
motion of the said machines when the driving power shall have been removed.
Seventhly, in constructing the spindles used in roving and slubbing machines
hollow.
Eighthly, our Invention relates to the presser used in conjunction with the
flyer of roving and slubbing frames, and consists in so constructing the said

page_text: presser that the material under operation shall be pressed between two surfaces
thereof as it passes to the bobbin, or passed through two or more eyes formed
in the presser.
Ninthly, in a combination of friction surfaces with toothed wheels, for the
purpose of driving any desired part or parts of machines employed in the
manufacture of cotton and other fibrous materials and fabrics.
Tenthly, in forming the toothed wheels used for driving any desired part or
parts of machines employed in the manufacture of cotton or other fibrous
materials or fabrics of gutta percha or its compounds.
Eleventhly, in forming the caps or covers of the feet of spindles used in
machines employed in the manufacture of cotton or other fibrous materials of
gutta percha or its compounds.
Twelfthly, in a method of giving motion to looms for weaving, and also.an
independent motion to the sleas of looms, such method consisting in the appli-
cation of a suitable apparatus or engine to each of such machines, or the sleas
thereof, capable of being worked by the compression or expansion of air.
Thirteenthly, in a method of letting off the yarn in looms as the woven goods
are produced. This we accomplish by the application of a roller placed. in con-
tact with the work beam, another roller being also in like manner in contact
with the warp beam, and the two connected together by suitable geer or other
means, and motion communicated thereto by the revolution of the work beam,
effected by any ordinary take-up motion.
Fourteenthly, in the application of " spun silk ". for the warp threads
employed in the manufacture of hat plush and velvet. And in order that our
Invention may be more clearly understood, we have appended to this our
Specification certain Drawings which we will now proceed to describe.
The first part of our Invention is shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the accom-
panying Drawings. Fig. 1 represents in section a cast-iron cylinder or roller
constructed according to our improvements. The axles ends and cylindrical
portion being formed in one piece, it will be necessary, when this: mode of
carrying out our Invention is applied, to leave an aperture for the extraction
of the cone, as is well understood by competent persons. Fig. 2 represents a
modification in which the end pieces and axes only are cast together. These
end pieces may be joined, and the cylindrical part formed by means of wood,
sheet or other metal, or in any other manner now commonly practised:
Fig. 3 represents another modification. In this instance. the axis extends
through the whole required width, and the end pieces are cast thereon. The
cylindrical portion may, as before, be constructed in any ordinary manner, and
the periphery thereof prepared and covered with cards, as is usually practised..

page_text: The second part of our Invention is shewn at Fig. 4, which is a partial
view, in sectional elevation, of a scutching machine. The two pairs of feed
rollers are shewn at a, a, to. which corresponding creepers b, b, are applied,
which feed rollers and creepers have rotatory motion communicated to them,
through toothed gear or otherwise, in a manner similar to ordinary the like
machines. In order to take off a portion of the seeds or other extraneous
matters usually found in the material, we apply a box between the two feeding
apparatus, as at c. This box extends across the width of the machine, and
may be cleared out from time to time by the attendant, by a screw revolving
therein, or by other convenient means, and there may be a grating placed in
front thereof, as at d. By this part of our improvements we are enabled to
mix different qualities of material to be scutched in a more regular manner as
to relative quantities; for by giving an increased or decreased motion to one of
the pairs of feed rollers, a greater or less quantity of that material, which is
fed upon the corresponding creeper, will be conveyed into the machine.
preferred, however, the ordinary method of mixing may be employed, in which
case both pairs of feed rollers may revolve at the same rate.
If
The third part of our Invention is shewn at Fig. 5, in the form we prefer
using it.
The slivers (either with or without twist) of cotton or other material
intended to be transferred (suppose, for instance, from a can which has been
brought from the drawing frame) are placed as at a, a.
From thence they
pass between guides b, and through a trumpet-shaped aperture formed in a
lever c, in order to be wound upon the bobbin d, which is placed in vertical
guides, one of which is shewn at e, its periphery resting upon the surfaces of
two rollers ff. These rollers have rotatory motion communicated to them by
gear or other appropriate means, arranged so as to cause them to revolve in
the same direction. The lever c is mounted loosely upon a transverse shaft g,
so as to be capable of turning partially around the centre thereof as the bobbin
increases in diameter, and of being traversed thereon, so as to distribute the
cotton or other material along the length of the bobbin. The method of
effecting this traversing motion we have not thought it necessary to shew in
the Drawings, as it may accomplished after the manner of that practised in
those machines well known as Dyer's frames, and also in others in common use,
the shortening motion, if desired, being applied in order to regulate the shape
of the bobbin. Motion being communicated to the rollers f, f, as before men-
tioned, the bobbin will also be caused to rotate, and thus wind the material
around its periphery, the lever cat the same time distributing the slivers, and,
by pressing upon the material, increasing the solidity of the bobbin. We
have mentioned (for the sake of example) the material as being brought from

page_text: the drawing frame; but it will be obvious that this part of our improvements
is equally applicable to the formation of bobbins from cotton or other such
material which has by other means or stages of operation been brought into
the condition of slivers (with or without twist) previously to the use of the
bobbin and fly frame. The other form of machine which we employ for
effecting this part of our Invention is similar in arrangement to the ordinary
bobbin and fly frame, the only difference being, that the draft rollers are not
used; in this instance the material passes from the can or other receptacle,
through the flyer, and on to the bobbin in the usual manner, the necessary
copping motion being operated as in common. In this instance a twist will
be put into the material; but if, according to the operation next to be pursued,
this should not be desired, the flyer only may be caused to revolve, the bobbin
merely rising and falling for the copping motion.
The fourth part of our Invention is shewn at Figs. 6 and 7, the former of
which is a partial end view of a roving frame, and the latter a portion of the
same in front elevation. One of the spindles is shewn at a, mounted in the
frame precisely in the usual manner; b is the bobbin braid and its bevil pinion,
which is in connection with the pinion c, mounted upon the ordinary shaft d.
Thus far the arrangement is precisely that of the ordinary slubbing or roving
frame. In order, however, to effect our improvement, we detach the shaft d
from that portion of the machine which usually imparts to it rotatory motion,
and (reversing the usual course) cause it to revolve by the action of the
pinions b, which pinions are put in motion by reason of their connection with
the bobbins, which, as before stated, are caused to revolve by traction only;
according to the Invention, above quoted, of Messieurs W
Eccles and
others. By these means an uniform drag is given to the whole of the bobbins
in the frame. In order, however, to regulate this, we adopt the following con-
trivance: Upon one end of the shaft d is affixed a pulley e, upon part of the
periphery of which is placed a friction brake f, one end thereof turning upon
a centre pin projecting from the shaft d, and the other end thereof being pro-
vided with a lever g, upon which a weight h is placed. In order to gain a
greater action of the friction break as the bobbin increases in size we cause
the weight to move progressively outwards upon the lever g by the following
method:-The lever 9,
which extends from the break, is formed at its outward
part as a screw, and upon the weight h there is affixed an ordinary ratchet
wheel i. As the copping rail rises and falls, according to the usual operation,
the ratchet wheel arrives in contact with a fixed projecting catch j, by which
means it is caused to, turn round a portion of a revolution, and so move the
weight h outwards upon the screwed portion of the lever. We would here

page_text: remark that, if preferred, the bobbins revolving by traction may be connected
together by gearwork of other arrangements or straps or bands, and that other
methods may be adopted for regulating the drag without departing from the
spirit of our Invention. If desired; also, the shaft d or other connecting
medium may, instead of extending throughout the width of the machine, be
divided so as to couple the bobbins in two or more divisions.
"
11
The fifth part of our Invention is also shewn in Figs. 6 and 7 of the accom-
panying Drawings. As before stated, this part of our Invention consists in
applying a stop motion in a certain position to roving frames. In order to
exemplify our Invention, we have, in the Figures referred to, shewn that
arrangement of apparatus usually employed for the like purpose in "drawing
frames," and such being well known, it will not be necessary for us to enter
into a minute description thereof. The spoons over which the material
'passes are shewn at k;k, and the vibrating lever at 1, receiving its reciprocating
motion from the rod m. Upon a roving breaking, the tail part n of the
"spoon" falls under the vibrating lever 1, and the driving strap of the machine
is thrown off through the intervention of the levers o, o, in the usual manner.
The sixth part of our Invention will be illustrated by reference to Figs. 8
and 9 of the accompanying Drawings, of which the former is an end view of
part of a roving frame, and the latter a partial front view thereof. The rail
for shifting the driving strap on to the loose pulley is shewn at a. To this is
connected, by means of a pin and slot, one end of a bell-crank lever b, 6+,
which is capable of turning at its lower part upon a centre pin c, attached to
the framework of the machine. Upon the horizontal arm of the lever b is
affixed a weight d, and to it is also attached a projecting piece e, which piece
is connected, by means of a joint, to a hoop friction brake f. This brake f is
mounted at its other end upon a fixed centre pin g, and is placed above the
periphery of a drum or pulley h, which is mounted upon the main driving
shaft. Upon the attendant moving the rail a, in order (through the interven-
tion of the rod and fork i, i,) to shift the driving strap, the lever 6 will be
turned partly upon its centre pin c, when the weight will carry down the hori-
zontal arm 6*, and thus throw the friction brake f upon the periphery of the
drum or pulley h, thereby arresting the motion of the various parts of the
machine. This part of our Invention relates, as before stated, not only to
roving and slubbing frames, but to carding engines, and to swifts or reels used
in the manufacture of cotton and other fibrous materials. We have not, how-
ever, thought it necessary to shew Drawings of these several machines, as the
example we have given will be fully sufficient to enable any competent work-
man to apply our Invention, remarking only that, with reference to the card-

page_text: ing engine, a pulley of larger diameter for the brake to act upon should be
employed. We would also remark that, although we have shewn and described
a certain construction of brake and apparatus for bringing the same into opera-
tion, yet we do not intend to confine ourselves thereto, as there are many other
combinations of parts which will fully effect our object; and here we will
observe that, if desired, the brake may be connected so as to come into opera-
tion in conjunction with our improved roving frame stop apparatus, before
described.
The seventh part of our improvements, which consists in making the spindles
of roving and slubbing frames tubular, is effected in the following manner :-
We procure tubes of a suitable form, manufactured by any of the methods in
use for producing them, and, by means of plugging or other attachment, affix
thereto an end properly formed for running in the ordinary step, at bottom,
and mount the flyer by inserting a stem thereof into the hollow of the tube, or
by plugging up the same, and screwing .or otherwise adapting the fly, as is
ordinarily practised. By this construction we gain sufficient strength in the
spindle, with a considerably decreased weight.
The eighth part of our improvements is shewn in Figs. 10, 11, and 12, of
the accompanying Drawings, of which Figure 10 is a plan or horizontal view
of one form of our improved flyer, and Figs. 11 represent in views certain
modifications of the same. The presser (Fig. 10) of the ordinary construction,
is shewn at a; to this we attach a light spring of metal or other suitable
material b; the roving is passed as usual through the eye of the presser, and
from thence between it and the face of the spring b. By this means the
presser is held towards the bobbin in progress of being formed. Fig. 11 shews
in two views a slight modification of the last described Figure. In this instance
a short spring is attached by means of a rivet to the outside of the presser,
and is turned up on the inside thereof; between this part and the surface of the
presser the roving passes on its way to the bobbin. We have shewn the spring b,
in Fig. 10, as applied to the outside of the presser, but it may be, if desired,
placed upon the inside thereof.
b
Figure 12 shews, in two views, another mode of effecting our improvement.
In this instance, instead of the one eye through which the roving is ordinarily
threaded, we form two, three, or more, as at a, b, c; the roving, after passing
through the first a arrives in contact, with the bobbin at d, from thence it is
threaded through the eye b, and after passing through that shewn at c, is wound
upon the bobbin in the usual manner. By these arrangements a hold is gained
upon the staple of the material, which enables us to dispense with the use of
the ordinary spring or centrifugal weight, excepting at very high velocities, in
which cases one of slight power may be used.

page_text: The ninth part of our improvements is illustrated by reference to Figs. 18
and 14 of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 13 being an elevation of a pair of
bevel wheels constructed according to our Invention, and Figures 14 two
views of a pair of spur wheels on the same principle. The object of this part
of our improvements is, to be enabled to drive the working parts of machinery
employed in the manufacture of cotton and other fibrous materials and fabrics
chiefly by the action of friction surfaces, but at the same time to avoid the ill
effects arising from the slipping which is incidental to such an arrangement.
For this purpose we form our improved wheels with two surfaces, the one a, a,
(answering to the pitch line) being plain, and revolving in contact with its
corresponding wheel, the other, b, b, being provided with teeth. By this
arrangement the one wheel will communicate motion to the other (in the
ordinary course) by the friction surfaces a, a; but should these, from any
unequal action or otherwise, fail in doing so, the toothed surfaces b, b, will come
into operation and prevent a discontinuance of the required revolution. In the
Drawings we have shown the friction surfaces and those which act by means
of teeth as cast in one piece; it will be obvious, however, that, if desired, they
may be formed separately; in which case, in addition to ordinary friction surfaces,
it will merely be necessary to place a pair of toothed wheels, of a number of
teeth relatively corresponding to the peripheries of the friction surfaces, upon
the respective shafts, or, vice versa, to add to the shafts of usual toothed wheels
a suitable pair of friction surfaces.
The tenth part of our improvements consists, as before stated, in making the
toothed wheels used for driving any desired part or parts of machinery used in
the manufacture of cotton or other fibrous materials and fabrics, of gutta
percha or its compounds. The wheels to be so made may be formed by
pressure in moulds, or by being cut from a solid piece of the material, and may
be of any description suited to the purpose to which they are to be applied,
and fitted with bosses of iron or other metal, as desired; or in some cases
the teeth only may be made of gutta percha, and attached to metal or
other rims.
The eleventh part of our improvements consists in forming the caps or covers
of the feet of spindles used in roving and spinning machines of gutta percha or
its compounds; and as the usual form of such caps or covers may still be
adapted according to our improvements, no description thereof will be neces
sary; and will respect to the mode of producing them, they may be shaped by
pressure in dies, or by any other mode employed in the manufacture of such
materials.
'The twelfth part of our Invention we shall illustrate by reference to Figure 15
of the accompanying Drawings, which is a partial side elevation of a loom with

page_text: our improvements applied thereto, suitably arranged for driving each loom by a
separate motive-power engine. a, b, represent two pipes or chambers, which
are supposed to extend throughout the range of a series of looms in a parallel
direction. One of these pipes or chambers (a, for instance,) is to be placed in
communication with an air pump or other apparatus suitable for producing
a vacuum, or partially so, therein, the other pipe or chamber being open to the
external atmosphere, or in connection with an apparatus for compressing air.
From these proceed two pipes communicating respectively with the induction
and eduction passages of a cylinder d, constructed precisely after the manner
of an ordinary steam engine. This cylinder is affixed to the framework of
the loom, and the cross head e of the piston rod thereof is connected by means
of a slot to a pin f, extending from a crank g, which is attached to the ordinary
driving shaft of the machine. By this arrangement, upon the pipe or.
chamber a being exhausted, or partially so, the air will rush into the cylinder d
through the pipe c, and, by its action upon the piston thereof, cause the shaft
to revolve, and thus put in motion the various parts of the machine, the same
effect taking place with reference to all those looms which may be placed in
communication with the pipe or passage a: If compressed air be used instead
of the ordinary pressure of the atmosphere, the pipe a may be exhausted or not,
according to the amount of compression effected.
Although we have shewn in the Drawings a certain arrangement of engine
as attached to the loom, yet it will be obvious that other forms usually
employed for motive-power engines are applicable. We would also
observe, that we have not thought necessary to shew the several valves for
the admission of the air or for the shutting off of the same, in order to stop the
machine, as these may be constructed and arranged in any way usually
followed, and which will be readily understood by all competent persons. It
will be obvious, also, that the pipes may be above instead of below the loom,
and that they may have branches in order to connect them to different ranges
of looms, or that each range of such machines may have a separate communi-
cation with the exhausting apparatus. In order to drive the sley of looms
according to this part of our improvements, we place a cylinder, similar to that
previously described, in connection with the desired part of the machine. This
cylinder is provided with suitable valves for regulating the admission and exit
of air, such valves being worked by any convenient moving parts of the looms,
in order to regulate the motions of the slea, that it may come into operation
at periods in correct relation to the other moving parts. By this method we
are enabled to drive up the weft by an elastic force.
The thirteenth part of our Invention is shewn at Figure 16 of the accom-

page_text: panying Drawings, which is a partial side elevation of a loom illustrating this
portion of our Invention. The work beam is shewn at a, mounted upon an
axle, which turns in vertical slots formed in the framework of the machine;
beneath this is placed a roller 6 (shewn by dots in the Drawing), which roller
is mounted upon an axle c, capable of turning in suitable bearings. The work
beam a rests upon the roller b, and as it revolves, through the intervention of
the usual taking-up apparatus, communicates rotary motion thereto. Upon
the axle of the roller b is affixed a bevil pinion taking into another d, mounted
upon a shaft e, e, the reverse end of which carries a pinion f, which, through
the intervention of a pinion g, communicates rotatory motion to a shaft c,
upon which is mounted a roller h (shewn. by dots in the Drawing), which
roller is pressed upon by the warp beam i, the axle of the latter being mounted
in slots formed on the framework of the machine, and weighted by any
ordinary method. By this arrangement, as the work is taken up, rotatory
motion will be communicated to the shaft c, and thereby, through the interven-
tion of the pinions d and f, to the roller h, which roller, being in contact with
the warp beam i, will cause it to revolve and give off the threads necessary for
the production of the fabric. As the rate of revolution required for the work
and warp beams is not precisely the same, and as such relative speeds may
vary according to the nature of the goods to be produced, the number of teeth
in the several connecting pinions must be arranged accordingly, one of which
pinions may be changed for another of a varied number of teeth to suit each
particular case. We will here remark, that although we have shewn a certain
arrangement of connecting the warp and work beams together, yet it will be
obvious that other arrangements of connection may be employed; for instance,
the axis c, or that c, may, instead of its pinion, be provided with. a friction
disc mounted thereon, a roller upon the shaft e revolving in contact therewith,
in which case, in order to vary the relative speeds of the work and warp beams,
it will merely be necessary to shift the friction roller nearer to or farther from
the centre of the friction disc.
The fourteenth part of our improvements has for its object the production of
an article resembling as nearly as possible the hat plush and velvet which
is produced from the more expensive material, thrown silk. In order to
accommplish this, we apply that description of material known as spun silk
to the warp threads of the intended fabric. Our improvement does not relate
to the preparation of such threads, the ordinary method of effecting this when
they are manufactured for other fabrics being merely necessary, and the
subsequent operations of weaving and finishing form no part of our Invention.
Spun silk, used according to our application thereof, may, if desired, constitute

page_text: the whole of. the warp, or only a portion thereof, thrown silk or other material
being mixed therewith, according to the quality of the fabric required.
Having thus fully described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we will proceed to point out that
which we claim as secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent.
We claim,―
Firstly, casting the axles of cylinders, doffers, fancies, or other rollers, upon
which wire cards are to be placed in the same pieces with the cylindrical portion
of such apparatus, or with one or both ends thereof only.
•
Secondly, the application of two or more suitable feeding apparatus to one
beater of scutching or lap machines.
Thirdly, the transferring of slivers (with or without twist) on to bobbins
from cans or other receptacles in which they have been deposited by the card-
ing engine, drawing frame, or other machine used previously to the bobbin and
fly frame, such transference being effected by means of revolving rollers acting
upon the periphery of such bobbins, or by the means of flyers revolving around
them.
Tapi
Fourthly, with reference to bobbins of roving and slubbing machines which
revolve by traction, we claim connecting the whole or a portion of them.
together by means of gear or other suitable arrangement.
Fifthly, the application to roving and slubbing frames of an apparatus for
arresting the motion thereof, upon a roving or slubbing being absent or broken,
such apparatus being placed between the delivering rollers and the spindles or
flyers.
Sixthly, the application of a brake to roving and slubbing frames, to carding
engines, and to swifts or reels, for the purpose above set forth.
Seventhly, constructing the spindles used in roving and slubbing frames,
hollow.
Eighthly, so constructing the pressers used in connection with flyers that the
cotton or other fibrous material shall be pressed between two surfaces thereof;
and also we claim providing the presser with two or more eyes, through which
the material is to be threaded, the principle of this part of our Invention
being to clip the roving or slubbing at such distances that the points of attach-
ment shall be within the staple of the material, or within that space by which
it may be held without breaking.
Ninthly, for the purposes above set forth, the combination of friction surfaces
and toothed wheels.
Tenthly, forming the cog wheels, or the teeth only thereof, employed in

page_text: machines used in the manufacture of cotton or other fibrous materials and
fabrics, of gutta percha or its compounds.
Eleventhly, forming the caps or covers of the feet of spindles, used as above
set forth, of gutta percha or its compounds.
Twelfthly, the employment of suitable apparatus, acting through the agency
of exhaustion or compression of air, for the purpose of imparting motion
separately to each loom, or to the sleas of looms only.
Thirteenthly, imparting rotatory motion to the warp beams of looms through
the intervention of a roller revolving in contact with the work beam, for the
purpose above set forth.
Fourteenthly, in the application of that material known as spun silk to
the warp threads employed in the manufacture of "hat plush" and "velvet."
In witness whereof, I, the said David Cheetham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of November, One thousand eight hundred