IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING AND ORNAMENTING METALS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Greening, of Lower Edmonton, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of. "IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said. William Greening at the.
Office; of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1857.
.. I, WILLIAM GREENING, of Lower: Edmonton, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare. the nature of the said. Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING AND ORNAMENTING METALS AND OTHER SURFACES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved systém or mode of enamelling metal
or, other surfaces capable of taking enamel or of standing an an intense heat,
whereby a better surface is produced; and one which is capable of resisting
acids and of standing a great heat.
According to 'this Invention the acids are first extracted from the colors.
which are about to be used, and. the colors (if a marbling effect is desired):
are then floated on water, which is agitated by a battery for the purpose of
mingling the colors, so as to produce the marbling effect desired.
The surface to be enamelled is now. laid gently, upon the surface of the
floating colors, and the film becomes. transferred on. to it, and the whole is

page_text: immediately placed in the enamelling furnace. The enamelled surface is
afterwards varnished, polished, and reburned in the ordinary manner well
known to enamellers.
The extraction of the acids from the colors may be effected by mixing or
passing the colors through lime water, when the acids combine with the lime
and leave the colors free and transparent.
When it is intended that marbling or ornamenting effect should be derived
from metals, such as gold, silver, &c., I reduce the ornamenting metal to a
flow by means of potash, and the surfaces are then ornamented or enamalled
therewith in the manner above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Greening in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GREENING, of Lower Edmonton, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the. twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Greening, Her special license that I, the said William
Greening, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Greening, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter "during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN ENAMELLING AND. ORNAMENTING METALS AND OTHER SURFACES,"
upon the condition (amongst others): that I, the said William Greening,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe, and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Greening, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention; and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to an improved system or mode of enamelling metal
or other surfaces capable of taking enamel and of standing a great heat,
whereby a better surface is produced, and one which is capable of resisting the
action of acids and heat and cold. The ordinary colours well. known to
enamellers may be employed, but according to my Invention the acids are
first extracted from such colors, and the colors (if a marbling effect.is desired)
are then floated on water, the water being agitated in any convenient manner;
but I prefer to use a galvanic battery for the purpose of mingling the colors
so as to produce the marbling effect desired.
The surface to be enamelled is laid gently upon the surface of the floating
colors, when the film. of color floating on the water becomes transferred on to
it, and the whole is immediately placed in the enamelling furnace and subjected
to a heat of from 170° to 200° Fahrenheit for a period of about six days (more
or less). The enamelled surface is afterwards varnished, polished, and reburnt
in the ordinary manner.
The extraction of the acids from the colors, which forms the main feature
of my Invention, is effected by mixing or passing the colors through lime
water or other alkaline solution, when the acids are decomposed by the alkali
and leave the colors free and transparent.
I also propose to obtain a marbling or further ornamenting effect by adding
to the colors used different metals, such as gold, silver, &c., in the form of fine
dust filings or their foil; in which case the specific gravity of the water
should be increased to a sufficient density to float the metals to be used. This
may be done by the addition of potash, chloride of sodium, or any other agent
free from acid.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of my said Invention; but what I con-
sider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
1st, the general system or mode of enamelling or ornamenting metals and
other surfaces as herein-before described.
2nd, first, the extracting of the acids from the colors employed in the

page_text: process of enamelling, by passing: such colors through; lime water, or other
alkaline solutions.
3rd, the application and use of a galvanic, battery for agitating or pro-
ducing the required convulsions of colors inecessary for, marbling effects in
enamelling..
4th, the application: and use of metals to and fin, the ornamentation of
surfaces in the manner herein-before described.
ودة
In witness whereof,. I, the said "William Greening, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight:"
WILLIAM GREENING (L.B.) .!