matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lester Hinks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1855.
I, JOSEPH LESTER HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method or methods, herein-after explained, of
connecting the handles of hearth and other similar brushes with the heads of
the said brushes. Instead of placing the handle, as in the common hearth brush
or broom, at the middle of the head of the brush, and in a line perpendicular
to the said head, I connect the said handle with the said head at or near the
end of the head, and I place the said handle so as to form an obtuse instead
of a right angle with the head of the brush. I prefer to fix the said handle
in such a position that it shall form an angle of 45 degrees with a line per-
pendicular to the surface of the brush head. By attaching the handle to the
head of the brush in the manner described, the said brush is more convenient
to use than the ordinary brush, for when the brush is on a horizontal surface,
as in sweeping a hearth, the handle is inclined to the said horizontal surface at
an angle of 45 degrees, a position much more convenient for the hand than a
vertical position.

page_text: Although I prefer to carry my Invention into effect in the manner described,
yet it may be variously modified; for example, the handle may be attached to
the middle of the brush instead of at the end in an inclined position, and it
may be attached at the end in a vertical or nearly vertical position, by which
methods of construction the object of my Invention may be more or less 5
⚫effected.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE CHIMNEYS AND FUNNELS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mitcheson Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
July 1855.
I, THOMAS MITCHESON HALL, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHIMNEYS, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE
CHIMNEYS AND FUNNELS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND MARINE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of the
tops of chimneys and funnels for houses and other purposes, but more par-
ticularly applicable to the chimneys and funnels of locomotives and marine
engines, whereby a less obstructed draught is obtained, and the steam and
smoke is prevented from being cut off or hindered in its exit from the chimney
by a high wind, or by the draught caused by the speed of the engine. The
improvements consist in fitting a moveable or rotatory top to the chimney or
funnel, such top being cut obliquely at a considerable angle, the highest part
being always kept on the side next the wind or draught by an ordinary vane.
A lip or flange is formed round the oblique edge of the top in order to protect
the orifice of the same from the action of a strong wind or draught. The
moveable top turns on a vertical pivot fitting into supporting arms in the

page_text: interior of the chimney, and the working centre may be kept well lubricated
by a small oil reservoir connected therewith by a lubricating pipe or tube.
Although a moveable top will be found more advantageous in practice, yet
a considerable advantage over the ordinary chimneys and funnels will be
obtained by having a fixed oblique top, or by simply cutting the top of the
chimney or funnel obliquely, the highest portion being on the front side of
the same.
THE MAKING OF TAPS AND Cocks OF GLASS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lewis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August 1855.
I, GEORGE LEWIS, of High Cross Street, Leicester, Locksmith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MAKING OF TAPS AND
Cocks OF GLASS" to be as follows:-
I apply glass for the purpose of making taps and cocks for liquor fountains,
beer engines, and most other purposes for which metal taps and cocks is used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE TILTING OF CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER SIMILAR. VESSELS OF CAPACITY
Year: 1855

page_text: Sealed the 19th June 1855, and dated the 17th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas George Shaw-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on..
the 17th March 1855.
I, THOMAS GEORGE SHAW, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London,.
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE TILTING OF CASKS, BARRELS, OR OTHER SIMILAR.
VESSELS OF CAPACITY," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the adaptation and application of a moveable.
bed or cradle to frames of wood or metal, such as common "stillages,"
employed for the support of casks, barrels, or other similar vessels; the eleva-
tion or depression of this moveable bed or cradle being caused or regulated by
an excentric or cam, placed upon a shaft extending from side to side at one

page_text: end of the framing. The excentric may be acted upon by a worm wheel and
worm, or otherwise secured to one side of the framing, by which means greater
steadiness of motion is attained in "tilting," regulating the cask or barrel to
any angle required, and without disturbing any sediment of its contents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TABLES, CHAIRS, SOFAS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hamilton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1855.
I, WILLIAM HAMILTON, of St. Helen's Lodge, in the County of. Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF TABLES, CHAIRS, SOFAS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of tables, chairs, sofas,
and other articles of furniture, consists in so making them, that they occupy
a very small space when not in use, and are thus rendered very portable. But
it is more particularly in confined spaces, such as the cabins, state rooms, or
forecastle of yachts, for tents and other similar places, that my improvements
will be found the most useful. For example, in the cabin of a small yacht,
the table, chairs, couches or sofas, placed along the side, may by my improve-
ments be folded together, and in a few moments placed flush with or below
the floor or "ceiling" of the cabin, leaving the area free and available for
other purposes, a point of immense importance where room is so limited.
I construct the improved articles of furniture in the following manner :-To a
piece of board or other suitable material to form a base, I screw or otherwise
fasten the legs or "stanchions" of the pieces of furniture; these legs or

page_text: stanchions are made with one or more "rule" joints in their length, so as to
fold down upon the base; to the upper parts of the legs or supports is
screwed or otherwise secured the table, seat, or other article of furniture.
When in use, the joints of the legs are held by pins or clips, which prevent
their contracting. When the table or other article of furniture is not required,
the pins are slipped out, or the clips opened; the legs are then folded, and the
whole sunk flush with or below the floor (technically called the "ceiling ").
In the case of chairs, sofas, bedsteads, and other articles, the backs are hinged,
or otherwise made to fold down, the legs to contract or fold, and the whole
made to sink in spaces flush with or below the floor or "ceiling," suitable
pieces of wood being made to fit the apertures left in the floor. Instead of
making the legs of these articles of furniture with rule joints, they may be
made of tubes to slide one within another, similar to a telescope, and when
extended retained in that position by pins or other means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Higgins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May 1855.
I, JOHN HIGGINS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH" to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the peculiar construction of the boiler, by which I
cause the fires of the separate flues to meet each other at or under the surface
of the boiler, and thus I obtain a more powerful action for the creation of
steam. I fix a number of tubes in the boiler in a transverse direction instead
of horizontal, as heretofore, and fix on the top of the fire fluc inside the boiler
two vertical tubes, connected by a horizontal tube. The first vertical tube or
dome I fix over the fire bridge, and the other near the back end of the flue,
which I make either of perforated metal or wirework. The blaze and smoke
ascends the first vertical tube or dome, passes through the horizontal tube, and
descends through the second vertical tube into the fire fluc, the end of which
being perforated acts as a heating medium, and ignites the smoke before it
reaches the chimney or escape flue. By this contrivance the smoke will be
entirely consumed, and the flue economised to a very great extent.
Another part of my said improvements consists of making the furnace or fire-
place bars and bridge in one compact framework of sheet iron or similar material,
and connect the said framework to the door frame, the whole of which I make
hollow, and pass the water through it on its way to the boiler. Or, instead of

page_text: longitudinal hollow bars, I intersect the bottom part of the fire-place with
vertical tubes, to allow the necessary draught, and the ashes to fall through.
I also propose to place a fire-place, when convenient, at each end of the boiler,
or both of them at the side, and cause the heat to traverse the whole of the
under surface.
Another part of my said improvements consists of a peculiar construction
of the counterbalance and indicating safety valve, which I place on the top of
the boiler, or other convenient position, and pass the steam into it by an inlet
pipe, which on its passage to the exit pipe acts upon the valve, which is pro-
vided with a graduated lever and weight to adjust the required pressure. To
this valve I fix two indicators; one to indicate the pressure of steam in the
boiler, and the other the pressure to the cylinder of the engine.
Another part of my said improvements consists of an equilibrium valve, and
is formed by making two angular spaces in the valve box and lid, the latter of
which turns backwards and forwards, and thus opens and shuts the port-holes
alternately, instead of the usual sliding motion; by this contrivance I gain
an equal pressure on the outside and inside, or, in other words, a constant
equilibrium on the lever.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATION
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lloyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1855.
I, GEORGE LLOYD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Glass Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATION" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting to the burners of gas or other lamps
mechanism for the purpose of determining at pleasure the amount of atmo-
spheric air supplied to the flame. The perfect combustion of gas and other
flames for illuminating purposes depends upon the quantity of air supplied to
the flame, the air requiring to be in greater or less quantity as the flame is.
larger or smaller.
In carrying my Invention into effect in connection with flames of gas, I
close the bottom of the gallery of the burner by means of the mechanical con-
trivance called a "register," which is used in stoves for the purpose of regu-.
lating the supply of air to the same; or I close the bottom of the gallery by
a valve or other mechanical contrivance, which can be made to determine at
pleasure a greater or less supply of air to the flame. Although I prefer to
carry my Invention into effect by placing a valvular apparatus at the bottom

page_text: of the gallery of the burner, as described, yet I do not confine myself thereto,
as the said valvular apparatus may be placed in other positions with regard to
the flame with the same or nearly the same effect. My Invention is applicable
to oil and other lamps as well as to gas lamps.
A NEW ENAMEL FOR FILLING OR STOPPING DECAYED TEETH
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrwea
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Eskell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1855.
I, LOUIS ESKELL, of No. 22, Cockspur Street, Pall Mall, in the County
of Middlesex, Surgeon Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "A NEW ENAMEL FOR FILLING OR STOPPING DECAYED TEETH" to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining together into a mixture or enainel
certain ingredients, matters, or substances, both vegetable and mineral, (not
heretofore employed in combination,) for filling or stopping decayed teeth.
The following are the ingredients, matters, or substances which I employ in
the manufacture of the aforesaid enamel, namely, stearic acid, (commonly
known as stearine,) New Zealand gum, pure sulphate of lime, blood shellac,
and carradan balsam. The stearine is first dissolved, and then the New
Zealand gum is mixed with the above, after which the sulphate of lime is
added and a small quantity of blood shellac, and finally the carradan balsam ;
the whole of the above ingredients are thoroughly mixed and incorporated
together, and when solidified are fit for use, and constitute the above enamel,
which by the application of a gentle heat may be easily moulded or wrought
by hand into the desired form, and from its unchangeable colour and hardness
render it well adapted for filling or stopping decayed teeth.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Maclaren at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May 1855.
I, ROBERT MACLAREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FURNACES, AND IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the intermittent application of heated air in
furnaces or fire-places for the consumption or prevention of smoke. Along the
front part of the furnace is a metal box or chamber, set transversely, and
forming a receiving chamber for the air to be heated prior to its application
in the furnace or flue. An adjustable valve is fitted upon the front of this
chamber, and by this means the admission of air to it is capable of nice
regulation. The fire bars are hollow wrought or cast iron tubes, and they are
set with their open outer ends in the inner vertical face of the air chamber,
whilst their opposite open ends are supported in the usual manner at or near the
bridge. With this arrangement, as the cold air passes into the front receiving
chamber, it flows along the hollow bars, & is finally discharged in a heated
condition behind the bridge, or at any part most suitable for mingling with the
unconsumed gases. The front air valve may either be regulated and set as
required by hand, or it may be worked by an automatic apparatus, which shall

page_text: keep up a supply of air for the time required by the presence of smoke and
unconsumed gases and no longer. According to another modification, the air-
heating chamber may be dispensed with, the air being admitted to the open
front ends of the hollow fire bars in any convenient manner.
AN IM- PROVED PROCESS TO BE EMPLOYED IN TANNING
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Nicholas Gadol at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th January 1855.
I, PETER NICHOLAS GADOL, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey,
Tanner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED PROCESS TO BE EMPLOYED IN TANNING" to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention, which has reference to a series of processes to be employed
in the tanning of skins for the production of all descriptions of leather, and by
which the said leather is rendered softer and more pliable than it can be pro-
duced by any of the methods hitherto in use, is carried into effect as follows:-
I cause the skins or hides, having been exposed to the action of lime after the
usual preliminary processes, to be treated with muriatic acid, by means of which
the aforesaid lime is dissolved and rendered removable; I then clear out the
superabundant muriatic acid by treating the hides with soda, and I cause the
said hides, when thoroughly purified and opened by the above processes, to be
steeped in a mixture of common salt, potash, and molasses in any suitable pro-
portions, by which process they will obtain the softness and pliability desired.
I claim the employment of the above-mentioned processes and materials in
the tanning of skins to produce all descriptions of leather, in the manner and
for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SELF-ACTING SIGNAL POSTS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ingall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
September 1855.
I, GEORGE HENRY INGALL, of Bartholomew Lane, Bank, in the City of
London, Gent", do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SELF-ACTING SIGNAL POSTS AND APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH" to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in railway self-acting signal posts and
apparatus connected therewith will be readily understood by reference to the
following description and Drawing hereunto annexed :-
Fig. 1 represents an end view of an engine tender; Fig. 2, the signal post,
with my improvements attached. Upon the tender of the engine or guard's
van is fixed the apparatus A, which consists of a vertical screwed shaft, and is
capable of being elevated or depressed by means of the handle B. To the
lower end is fixed the wheel C, which on the passage of a train is lowered
sufficiently to strike the boss D, Fig. 2. Upon the boss being struck, the
shaft E, upon which is mounted the pinion F, is caused to revolve, and the
rack-work F is acted upon, and by means of the wire rope G the signal.arm is
raised to the horizontal position shown at H. Upon the same centre upon
which the signal arm is fixed, the glass signal apparatus I also moves, and
Price 8d1

page_text: indicates, by means of the colored glasses, red and green. In the case K, which
is filled with oil or other suitable liquid, a spring is placed and fastened to the
rod, which rod is a continuation of the rack-work F1; the piston having valves
for the escape of the oil after being raised by the rack-work, and a contrivance
is shown by which the escape of the oil can be regulated. When a train
arrives within sight of this apparatus, the driver or guard is enabled to tell, by
means of the position of the signal arm, how long since a previous train has
passed by day, and, by means of the colored glasses, at night.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE INJURIOUS FOULING OF THE BARRELS OF FIRE-ARMS, AND OF CLEANING THE SAME WHEN FOULED
Year: 1855

page_text: receiv
Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Aspinwall Goddard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th September 1855.
I, SAMUEL ASPINWALL GODDARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant and Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF PREVENTING THE INJURIOUS
FOULING OF THE BARRELS OF FIRE-ARMS, AND OF CLEANING THE SAME WHEN FOULED,"
to be as follows:-
I take a short tube of metal or other material, the said tube having the
same internal diameter as the barrel to be cleaned. I introduce paper or metal
wads into one end of the said tube, so as to constitute a temporary bottom, and
I fill the said tube with tow or wool, or other absorbent substance, impregnated
with soft soap, or a mixture composed mainly of soft soap, and I then close
the top of the tube with wads. The ends of the tube are defended by caps or
lids, which can easily be removed. In order to clean the barrel of a fire-arm
which has been fouled, the caps or lids are removed from the ends of the
charged tube, and the usual charge of powder having been introduced into the
fire-arm, the said tube is placed upon the end of the barrel, and by the use of
a ramrod the contents of the tube are forced into the barrel. The loading is
completed by the addition of the projectile, and the fire-arm is discharged. On
forcing the contents of the tube into the barrel, the soft soap or composition is
distributed on the inside of the barrel, and on the discharge of the fire-arm the

page_text: wadding clears the barrel of any adherent matter, the soft soap or composition
very much facilitating the cleaning of the barrel. By the occasional use of my
Invention a barrel may be preserved sufficiently clean for use, or where a
barrel has become foul it may be cleaned by the use of my Invention. When
thought advisable, a guide may be fixed on the end of the barrel, in order to
support the charged tube while its contents are being forced into the barrel.
Although I prefer the use of a tube, as explained, yet the composition may be
made up in the form of a cartridge or wad, and used with a beneficial effect.
When not in use, the fire-arm may be cleaned without loading and discharging,
by passing one of the clearers through the barrel, and afterwards wiping it out
with dry tow.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRESSURE GUAGES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rickett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May 1855.
I, THOMAS RICKETT, of Watling Works, Stony Stratford, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
PRESSURE GUAGES" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of constructing pressure guages in the following
manner: A disc of metal is confined fluid-tight at its circumference between
two plates. The under plate is connected to a steam or other pipe; the upper
plate is connected with or carries a graduated scale. In a small chamber above
the disc is placed quicksilver, or other suitable fluid which is capable of rising,
within a hollow passage faced with glass in connection with the chamber above
the disc; and according as the disc of metal is pressed on more or less by steam
or other fluid, the quicksilver or other fluid in tho indicating guage will be
caused to rise more or less, and thus indicate the quantity of pressure for the
time being acting on the disc.
THE BETTER EXTINCTION OF FIRE
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Crozier, of the Borough of Sunderland, in
the County of Durham, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "THE
BETTER EXTINCTION OF FIRE."
Sealed the 22nd June 1855, and dated the 30th March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crozier, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1855.
I, WILLIAM CROZIER, of the Borough of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE BETTER EXTINCTION OF FIRE" to be as follows:-
A pipe of sufficient dimensions is attached to the water main in the ground
under the street, and carried up the inside of the base of the lamp pillar, as
shewn in the several Drawings. A hole is drilled or cut in the lamp pillar
opposite the end of the said pipe, and a piece of brass pipe, as shewn in
Drawings Nos. 2 and 3, is then screwed into the iron pipe from the face of the
pillar. At one end of this brass pipe is a valve (marked A in Drawings
Nos. 2 and 3), which is worked by a screw (marked B in Drawings Nos. 2

page_text: and 3), shutting the valve against the pressure of the water through a guide
(marked C in Drawings Nos. 2 and 3). At the other end of the said brass
pipe is a cap (marked D, Drawings No. 1 & 2), and which is fixed by a
screw, thus preventing any escape of water that might occur in case of any
defect in the valve, and also any interference with the same.
The application of the Invention is as follows:-On requiring water from
the hydrant for a fire, street watering, or any other purpose, the cap before
mentioned is removed, and a bend pipe (marked E in Drawings Nos. 3 and 4)
is attached to the end of the brass pipe by means of the screw, and in the
same position as the cap. In the bend pipe there is a spindle (marked F in
Drawing No. 3), which, on the bend pipe being screwed home, the square
socket of this spindle (marked G in Drawing No. 3) fits to the square head
of the screw (marked H in Drawings No. 2 and 3). The hose pipe is then
attached to the bend pipe by the screw (marked I in Drawing No. 3). The
handle (marked K in Drawings No. 3 and 4) is then turned, which releases
the valve, and the water flows through the hose. On reversing the handle the
water is shut off, the bend pipe is removed, and the cap replaced.
The claim is for the application and combination, for the better extinction of
fire or other purposes, of the before-mentioned pipes, valves, screws, spindles,
handles, and apparatus for the purpose of a hydrant or fire plug, or other
purpose, in, on, or against any lamp or other pillar or post, or in, on, or against
any erection or projection above the level of the ground.
AN HYDRAULIC MACHINE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Mauduit and Fréderic
Hyppolyte Ouin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th March 1855.
We, ARMAND MAUDUIT and FREDERIC HYPPOLYTE OUIN, of Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN HYDRAULIC MACHINE" to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the arrangement of a machine for forcing
fluids, and consists of a cylinder which works up and down through a stuffing
box, and in which cylinder is a fixed piston. As the cylinder descends away.
from the piston, the fluid enters the space between the piston and a partition in
the cylinder by means of a valve in the piston. When the cylinder ascends, a
valve is opened in the partition, and the water passes from the before-mentioned
space to the under side of the partition, from whence it is forced up the delivery
pipe by the succeeding down motion of the cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Armbruster and Otto Laist
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
26th March, 1855.
We, CARL ARMBRUSTER, of Andermach, in Rhenish Prussia, Proprietor of
Mines, and Orro LAIST, of Pfeddersheim, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse,
Chymist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA" to be as follows:-
In carrying out our Invention of Improvements in the Manufacture of
Sulphate of Soda, we combine together (1) pyrites, (2) copper pyrites, (3) oxide
of iron, and (4) muriate of soda (common salt). These matters we submit in
an ordinary reverberatory furnace to a high temperature, and continue the
heating so long as muriatic acid vapors are developed. As soon as these
vapors cease to be developed, the mixed substances are removed from the
furnace and left to cool. They are subsequently placed in vats and washed
according to the ordinary process. The lye which results from this operation
being saturated with copper by the copper pyrites of the mixture, iron cuttings
are thrown therein to collect and precipitate the copper.
The copper pyrites is not indispensable in the manufacture of sulphate of
soda according to this improved process, but its employment furnishes a more
advantageous product.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING APPARATUS FOR THE COVERING OF THE HEAD
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leetch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1855.
I, JAMES LEETCH, of Margaret Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING APPARATUS FOR THE COVERING OF THE HEAD"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention of an improved expanding metallic head protector consists
in the construction of a band of tempered steel with elongated perforations,
joined together by slaughts and pins, and so arranged as to fit various sized
heads; and also in the introduction of elastic materials so placed as to protect
the head from the effects of a blow or any heavy body falling upon it.
OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PERCUSSION CAPS, AND FOR CUTTING OUT AND RAISING ARTICLES IN METAL GENERALLY
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hinks and Frederick
Dowler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th November 1855.
We, JAMES HINKS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, aud FREDERICK DOWLER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PERCUSSION CAPS, AND FOR CUTTING OUT AND RAISING
ARTICLES IN METAL GENERALLY," to be as follows :—
Our Invention consists of a machine constructed essentially in the following
manner: The sheet metal from which the percussion caps and other articles
are to be formed is supplied to the machine by a feeder, constructed as
herein-after explained. The sheet metal passes between cutting-out dies, by
the descent of the upper one of which blanks are cut out and delivered into a
second feeder, by which the blanks are carried to a second pair of dies, by the
descent of the upper die of which the blank is raised into the proper shape.
The last-named feeder on advancing to the cutting-out dies leaves the raised
blanks in the raising dies. Before the return of the said feeder the raised
articles in the raising dies have been heaved from the lower die by pegs
passing through the bottom of the same, and as the said feeder brings other

page_text: blanks over the raising dies, it pushes from off the said dies the articles
previously raised. We attach a brush to that part of the feeder which removes
the articles, so as to remove the said articles with the brush instead of with a
rigid part of the feeder. The sheet of metal from which the blanks are cut,
after passing from the cutting dies, rises between the said cutting-out and the
raising dies in a nearly vertical direction, and passes out of the machine. The
feeder by which the metal is supplied to the machine is constructed as follows:-
A table works in front of the cutting-out dies with a reciprocating horizontal
motion; during its advancing motion the sheet metal is pressed upon it, and
carried with it in its motion towards the machine; on the retiring motion of
the said table the sheet metal is no longer pressed upon the said table, but is
pressed upon a fixed stop, by which it is held while the table moves without it.
All the motions described are effected through the agency of lovers, acted upon
by cambs and excentrics situated on a main shaft; some of the return motions
may be effected by springs. The cutting-out and raising dies may be
constructed to cut out and raise several articles at the same time.
A TAILOR'S CLAY CUTTER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith Gooding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1855.
I, WILLIAM SMITH GOODING, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
TAILOR'S CLAY CUTTER" to be as follows:-
By the present method, the tailor has to cut or scrape the cake of clay he
uses to mark lines on the cloth to be cut, with his scissors or a knife, in order
to give it a fine edge to make a clear outline; this process of cutting or
scraping being tedious and troublesome as well as causing dirt and incon-
venience. As a substitute for this method I make a hollow frame or stand of
any convenient shape, with two plates placed in a diagonal position over the
opening or mouth of the hollow frame or stand. I make the plates with a
rough surface, so that when the clay is passed backwards and forwards in
contact with the projections of the plates, it will receive a fine edge, and the
dust or refuse from the clay will fall into the interior of the stand, and thus
save the time of the operator, and the inconvenience of the dirt or dust
flying about the room. It will be observed that in the accompanying outline

page_text: Drawings, the plates are shewn with straight projecting lines, the point of one
line or projection coming in the centre of the space caused by the two pro-
jections on the other plate; but although I have shewn this arrangement of
the surfaces of the plates, I do not confine myself to the said form or shape, as
many forms of rough surfaces will answer the purpose.
CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING NAILS, BOLTS, RIVETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th April 1855.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR MANUFACTURING NAILS, BOLTS, RIVETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus for
the manufacture of bolts, nails, rivets, and other similar articles. A, rake
holder, which serves to fix the bars of metal to be cut on the grooves of the
carriage, and which works on the carriage with the bars, which it causes to
advance. a, handle for working the rake holder; B, carriage, provided with
grooves corresponding with the holes of the advance box, & put in motion by a
connecting rod; C, connecting rod for working the carriage B; D, moveable
reverberatory furnace, in which the bars are heated before entering the advance
box; E, advance box, for receiving the bars on their leaving the furnace and
directing them to the compressing box; F, compressing box, in which the

page_text: bolts receive a rough shape before entering into the working box to be finished;
G beam, put in motion by the connecting rod, & forcing the lid of the box F
to close; H, cutter, the lower end of which is fixed on a frame, & the upper
part descends to cut the bars after they have been compressed; I, working
box, into which the bars are pushed after the cutting operation, & in which
the bolts are finished;-J,-rammer, supported by a knee piece & moved by a
lever; its teeth take into the holes of the working box and press the metal so
as to finish the bolts.. K, wheel for setting the work box in motion; L, drum
for keeping the work box in a horizontal position; g, cylinder at the extremity
of the balance lever, rotating on the top of the compressing box; M, lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER AND CARDBOARD
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Latent was not given
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1855. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
AND CARDBOARD," a communication from Francis Joseph Bérendorf, of Paris,
in the Empire of France, Mechanician, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of an entirely new substance to
the manufacture of paper and cardboard therefrom, and consists in producing
paper and cardboard from the pulp and other portions of waste or spirit
beet root.
This substance is used either in a crude or prepared state, and is treated in
the ordinary manner for making common paper pulp. The pulp may also be
employed without any preparation whatever; nevertheless in a great number
of cases it is treated with acids or alkalies.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rowland Mason Ordish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1855.
I, ROWLAND MASON ORDISH, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
Rails of the section commonly known as the bridge rail, having
flange on each side, are sometimes fixed upon longitudinal bearers or sleepers
and sometimes upon cross sleepers. The cross sleepers have the advantage of
tying the two rails together very securely, and the flanges of the rails obtain a
good bearing on the sleepers. The depth of the rail, however, being small,
it is deficient in strength and rigidity in the intermediate parts between
the sleepers.
The present Invention consists in constructing the rails with their flanges
bent down into a perpendicular or inclined position at the intermediate parts,
by which means a much greater depth is obtained at those parts, and the
strength of the rail is increased. The strength is still farther increased by
rolling the rails with a beading or thick edge to each flange. A clip or bolt
may be employed to confine the flanges and prevent them from spreading.

page_text: These rails, which may be called fish-bellied bridge rails, may be rolled in the
ordinary manner, and afterwards shaped or pressed to the required form by
dies or rollers, or otherwise. These rails being fixed on cross sleepers produce
a very strong and firm system of permanent way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRASS-CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1855

page_text: oy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dyke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1855.
I, THOMAS DYKE, of Long Newton, near Darlington, in the County Palatine
of Durham, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GRASS-CUTTING MACHINES" to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of cutters for cutting
or mowing meadow land, and comprises a frame carrying angular-shaped
cutting blades or teeth, attached to a longitudinal bar, forming the front of
the frame; and each fixed cutter is intersected at its base by a cutter, move-
able on a pivot, and these are connected by arms and pivots with a suitable
bar, worked from about its centre by an elongated arm of one cutter, jointed
to a connecting rod, operated by a crank at its other extremity. My im-
proved moveable cutters are thereby kept parallel and work simultaneously;
they are also constructed to cut on both sides with square edges, and in such
manner that only one point of that square edge shall at the same time bear
on the square lower edge of the fixed angular teeth or cutters. For con-
venience, the arms of the several moveable cutters may be bent upwards,
thereby keeping the longitudinal bar working the cutters attached thereto
from touching the ground, and at the same time this bar is made of sufficient

page_text: weight to keep the cutters in contact with the fixed teeth during the entire
operation of cutting. The fixed angular teeth are protected from running
into irregularities in the ground by thickening the under side of the point of
each. From the base of the teeth backwards I attach a sheet of iron to
receive the cut grass, which is then swept over it by a revolving rake.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, CREASING, OR MARKING PAPER, CARD, AND PASTEBOARD, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1855

page_text: اما نانا بالك الله
που γουσι
2720
to preses coCLE
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Effertz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July 1855.
I, PETER EFFERTZ, of Aix la Chapelle, in the Kingdom of Prussia, En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, CREASING, OR MARKING PAPER, CARD, AND PASTEBOARD,
AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in constructing a machine in which the paper or
other substance to be cut is placed upon a fixed bed, and in which an upper
holding beam is brought down upon the paper or other substance, and holds it
firmly while being cut. A shaft with bevel wheels set at an angle runs hori-
zontally under the machine; the holding beam has connected to it two female
screws, into which two male screws are made to bite. The screw shafts carry
bevel wheels, also set at an angle, which are driven by the bevel wheels upon
the horizontal shaft. A hand wheel is keyed on to the horizontal shaft, and
by turning it in one direction or the other the holding beam is brought up or
down. Gauges are affixed to the machine, whereby the substances are cut to
the size required, and the edges or sides are at right angles. The creasing
or marking is effected by means of a tool carried in a frame, and capable of
motion across the machine, its parallelism being ensured by means of two
transverse threaded shafts, which pass through and take into threads cut in

page_text: the ends of the carrier frame. Simultaneous motion is communicated to both
threaded shafts by bevel gear.
I effect the cutting either by mounting a knife in a longitudinal slot in the
upper holding beam, which is caused to travel from end to end of the beam;
or I use a knife the whole length of the beam, and bring it down upon and
through the substance to be cut, by similar arrangements to those I adopt for
bringing down the holding beam.
When required, as for instance, for some books the edges of which are
required to be concave when bound, I use a knife of a shape which will give
the edges the concavity required. It will be evident that this shaped knife can
only be used when mounted in the holder, which travels in the slot in the
upper beam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES BY SEPARATING THERE FROM THE CARBONIC OXIDE, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH CARBONIC OXIDE TO HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1855. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PURIFICATION OF GAS
FOR ILLUMINATING PURPOSES BY SEPARATING THERE FROM THE CARBONIC OXIDE, AND IN
THE APPLICATION OF SUCH CARBONIC OXIDE TO HEATING PURPOSES," a communica-
tion from Mathieu Léon Pujol, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of separating the
carbonic oxide from the ordinary gas employed for illuminating purposes, and
to the employment of such carbonic oxide to heating purposes, whereby the
gas is rendered much purer, from its being freed from such a deleterious
agent.
The improvements consist in separating carbonic oxide from ordinary
illuminating gas, whether it be made from coal or water, by the aid of charcoal
generally, but more particularly wood and animal charcoal, the absorbent
properties of which render it a most effective agent for the absorption of the

page_text: carbonic oxide. The charcoal is placed in suitable receptacles, and is, before
being used, perfectly freed from air, which may be effected either by heating
the receptacles, and allowing the air to escape through a stop-cock, and then
closing the cock and cooling the vessel, or the air may be exhausted by, an
ordinary air pump or other suitable exhauster. The gas to be purified is passed
over or through this charcoal, which takes up or absorbs the whole of the
carbonic oxide. When completely charged, the oxide may be removed from
the charcoal and, allowed to enter a suitable gasometer by the same means
adopted for expelling or extracting the air herein-before described. This
carbonic oxide so collected & separated from the illuminating gas may then
be used for heating purposes generally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE BOXES OR PLUMMER BLOCKS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th June 1855.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of No. 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLE BOXES OR
PLUMMER BLOCKS" to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of axle box or plummer
block, by which the journal of the shaft is more effectually lubricated or greased
than in the mode hitherto adopted.
The apparatus is represented in the accompanying Drawing; in which,
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 an end elevation in partial section;
Figure 3, a side view in section; Fig. 4, the same reversed; Fig. 5, a hori-
zontal section; Fig. 6, end view in section; Fig. 7, front & end view of
the lubricating ring; Fig. 8, front & end views of the same modified.
represents a bracket or support for the plummer block.
A
The improvement can also be applied to that of the ordinary construction.
B, the improved brass or bearing, which is made with a chamber to contain
oil or other lubricating material, as is represented in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5;-&-6.
A channel is made in the bottom-to-admit the oil, &c..from the main reser
voir b. The brass or bearing is supported by two cheeks or supports of cast

page_text: This is secured
iron a, a. These cheeks also have channels C made in the bottom, communi-
cating with the different chambers or reservoirs of oil, &c. At the lower part
of the plummer block or pedestal a hole d is made to collect any sediment
from the oil which may be let out by removing the screen F. C, the lubri-
cating ring, represented in different forms by Figures 7 & 8.
to the journal of the shaft by a screw D, and as it revolves dips in the reservoir
g, & takes up a certain quantity of the lubricating material, &, being
bevelled, canses. the latter to run upon the journal, & thus keep it well
lubricated. The cap or cover E, or upper "brass," is made with a recess,
corresponding to the shape of the ring, & is secured in the ordinary manner
by bolts & nuts. It is evident that these improved plummer blocks can be
applied to all machinery where they are required.