IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS, COACH LACE, AND OTHER TERRY OR CUT PILE FABRICS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Turner, of Leicester, in the County of
Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, and William Edward Newton, of
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARPETS, COACH LACE, AND OTHER TERRY OR CUT PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 10th September 1867, and dated the 27th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Turner and
William Edward Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th March 1867.
We, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Elastic
Web Manufacturer, and WILLIAM EDWARD. NEWTON, of 66, Chancery Lane,"
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF CARPETS, COACH LACE, AND OTHER TERRY OR CUT PILE FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of
Carpets, Coach Lace, and other Terry or Cut Pile Fabrics" relates, in the
first place, to a novel arrangement or combination of mechanism for arranging
or preparing the terry wires ready to be drawn in, and for drawing them one

page_text: by one into the shed by means of a reciprocating holder or carrier operated
from the opposite side of the shed.
Second, to novel mechanism for withdrawing the terry wires from the fabric
and conveying them to the proper point for re-introduction, or to an apparatus
in which and whereby they are presented to the reciprocating holder or
carrier ready to be drawn into the shed a second time.
The third improvement has for its object to economize the time and labour
required for weaving terry and cut pile fabrics. To this end, in combination
with the improved mechanism for drawing in the terry wires and withdrawing
them from the fabric and arranging them in proper position for re-intro-
duction into the shed, we employ a thread carrier for introducing the weft,
which is drawn from a large stationary bobbin; by this means the loom may
be kept in operation for a considerable length of time without stopping to
supply weft as is now required when using the ordinary shuttles, which, owing
to the thickness of the weft, the width of the fabric, and the small quill that
can be used, are constantly requiring a fresh supply of weft, thereby involving
the stoppage of the machine and a consequent loss of time, besides. neces-
sitating constant supervision.
In carrying out the first part of our Invention the terry wires are placed in
a trough or hopper or on an inclined plate, down which they roll to a gutter or
curved bar or plate opposite the side of the open shed, and on this gutter,
curved bar, or plate the terry wires remain with one end projecting therefrom
ready to be taken hold of by the reciprocating holder or carrier, which is pro-
jected or pushed through the shed from the opposite side. The reciprocating
holder or carrier whereby the wire is drawn into the shed
consists of a hori-
zontal bar with a tubular end, in which is enclosed a spring clamp or
holder which is made to seize hold of the wire and hold it securely until it is
drawn into and deposited in the shed; this horizontal bar moves in guides in
a vibrating frame, and is connected by means of a rod to a lever which is
actuated by a cam on the main driving shaft or other convenient working part
of the machine. The spring clamp or holder at the end of the horizontal
reciprocating bar is opened and closed by means of stops or tappets, which by
the réciprocation of the bar are brought alternately against the standards of
the apparatus. When the reciprocating bar is pushed through the shed the
clamp will be open ready to receive the end or head of the wire; when the
clamp has arrived at the end of the stroke one of the tappets by striking against
the side standards will shut the clamp or holder, and thus, close the jaws on
the projecting end or head of the terry wire, and on the retreat of the recipro-

page_text: cating bar it will draw the wire into the shed; when the clamp has got to
nearly the end of the return stroke another tappet will strike against the
standard and open the clamp again, and at the same time by the warp
threads crossing (so as to form another shed) they will hold the wire, and
thereby release its head from the retreating clamp. By thus drawing the
terry wires into the shed instead of pushing or carrying them in, as here-
tofore, we are enabled to make use of very thin wires, and thus to produce
fine work. The terry wires thus drawn into the shed by mechanical means in
the manner just explained may, if desired, be withdrawn by hand and
replaced in or on the trough, hopper, or inclined plate, whereby they will be
conducted to the proper point and presented one by one in the proper manner
to be drawn into the shed a second time; but we prefer that this withdrawing
of the terry wires from the fabric should be effected by mechanical means in
the manner hereafter explained:-The mechanism whereby the wires are to
be withdrawn from the fabric consists of a pair of nippers or a spring clamp,
to which a reciprocating motion to and from the selvage of the fabric is
communicated by means of a crank, cam, or other equivalent mechanical
contrivance actuated from the main shaft of the loom. The nippers or jaws
of the clamp are opened by coming against a stud, tappet, or other equivalent
device, which will open them sufficiently to allow the head or end of the wire
to enter between the jaws, which will then close tightly on it, so that when
the nippers or clamp retreat they will draw out the wire from the fabric and.
deposit it on an open framework or set of forks or arms, which will transfer
it to the trough or other apparatus, whereby the wires will one by one be
presented again to the reciprocating holder or carrier for the purpose of
being again drawn into the shed in the manner already explained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton in the.
Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARCHIBALD
TURNER, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, Elastic Web Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters:
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight bundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that we, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Archibald Turner and William Edward Newton, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF CARPETS, COACH LACE, AND OTHER TERRY OR CUT PILE FABRICS," upon the
condition. (amongst others) that we, the said Archibald Turner and William
Edward Newton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Archibald Turner and William
Edward Newton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):-
Our Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of
Carpets, Coach Lace, and other Terry or Cut Pile Fabrics" has for its object,
first, to weave these fabrics of a finer texture than heretofore, and at the same
time to economise the worsted or figure warp so that a finer fabric than
usual may
be produced with a less quantity of material.
We also arrange
and construct the several parts of the loom in such a manner that it will
require less personal attention than looms of the ordinary construction, so that
one man may attend to two, three, or more looms at the same time.
Carpet fabrics are usually made with nine terry wires and nine dents to the
inch, because as the wires are pushed in from one side they must necessarily.
be of sufficient thickness and rigidity to prevent them from bending while
veing introduced. Instead of pushing in the terry wires as is now the
case, we draw them in by means of an instrument which we denominate a

page_text: reciprocating wire holder or carrier, which is introduced into the shed from
the side opposite to the wires; by this means we are enabled to make use of
much thinner wires than usual, and consequently to produce a finer fabric.
.
In order to enable the reciprocating wire holder to lay hold of the end of
the wires, the latter must be suitably arranged so that they may be presented
one by one to the open mouth of the holder when the latter is thrust forward
through the shed for the purpose of taking, hold of and drawing in a terry
wire into the shed. To this end any convenient number of terry wires may
be placed by hand in a trough or hopper or on an inclined plate, from which
they are dropped one by one into a gutter or trough forming part of a trans-
ferring apparatus, whereby each wire in its turn is carried forward to the open
end of the shed, where it remains with one end projecting therefrom ready to
be taken hold of by the reciprocating wire holder when the latter is projected
through the shed from the opposite side. The terry wires may either be
drawn out of the, work by hand and placed in the hopper or trough or on the
inclined plate above mentioned, or they may be drawn out by means of a
suitable instrument provided for the purpose, and which instrument will
deposit the wires (when drawn out) in or on the transferring apparatus,
whereby they will be presented to the wire holder for re-introduction into the
shed.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a carpet
loom constructed according to our improvements; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the
same; Figures 3 and 4 are side elevations representing the two opposite sides
of the machine.
The main framing of the machine is seen at a, a, a, a, and the main shaft
which carries the driving pulley at b, b; on this shaft are mounted the cams,
tappets, and toothed wheels for actuating the various working parts of the
machine, as will be hereafter more fully explained. c, c, is the crank shaft
for working the slay by means of the slotted cams c¹, c', which are connected
by means of the rods d¹, d', to the slay d, d, which reciprocates to and fro in
guides d², Fig. 4, in the main framing.
In order to avoid unnecessary complexity in the Drawing we have shewn
the Invention as, adapted to a loom for weaving plain terry fabrics or tapestry
carpets, but our improvements will be equally applicable to a jacquard loom.
In the Figures, e,. e, is the worsted beam or roller containing the worsted
warp, from which is formed the terry face of the fabric; f is the linen or
ground warp roller, and 9 the breast beam, and h the work roller; i, i, are the
headles for working the warps and forming the sheds in the usual manuer by

page_text: means of cams or tappets j, j, on the main shaft acting on the treadle
levers, as seen best in Fig. 4.
In the machine shewn in the Drawings the terry wires are put in and
drawn out automatically by machinery, and we shall proceed to describe the
arrangements shewn for the purpose; but if desired the mechanism for
drawing out the wires may be dispensed with, and this object may be effected
from time to time by hand, in which case it will be necessary to arrange the
terry wires in a hopper or trough, and prepare them by placing them in a
position ready to be drawn in one by one into the shed, as will be hereafter
more fully explained.
In Figures 1 and 2 k, k, is the reciprocating wire holder or carrier, consisting
of a rod or bar provided at one end with a clamp or nippers for taking hold of
the end of the terry wire for the purpose of drawing it into the shed.
The wire carrier is shewn detached in longitudinal section and drawn full
size at Fig. 5. The box at the end of the rod is provided with a spring clamp 1
and a sliding cam bar 2, which is capable of longitudinal motion in a groove
in the rod k.
It will be seen' that as the clamp is enclosed in a rectangular box, the three
sides of which are perfectly smooth, it will be impossible for it to come into
contact with and break any of the, weft threads, as would be the case if unpro-
tected or unenclosed plyers or nippers were used.
It will now be understood that by causing the cam bar 2 to be moved in
the direction of the arrow in Fig. 5 by bringing it in contact with a fixed stop
it will depress the jaw 1, and cause it to take hold of the end of a wire that
may be thrust into the open end of the rod, which may then be drawn back
again, and will carry with it the terry wire, which will be deposited in the shed,
when the clamp at nearly the end of its return stroke is loosened by a stud on
the cam bar 2 coming into contact with a second stop, thereby thrusting back
the cam bar 2 in the opposite direction, and causing the clamp to open and
release the end of the wire, which will be held by the warp threads, which
will just at that moment cross to form another shed. The reciprocating motion
of the rod k is effected by means of a vibrating lever k*, provided at its outer
end with a double slot or fork k¹, k², (see detached view, Fig. 1). The slot
or fork k¹ receives a projecting pin ³, which is fixed on the rod k, and when
the pin ³ is inserted in the slot k¹ at the end of the lever *, the latter when
vibrated horizontally on its centre will push the clamp or nippers at the end of
the rod k into the shed ready to receive a terry wire, with which it will return
and deposit it in the shed. The vibrating lever k* also serves to actuate the

page_text: Pins projecting from the under
a plate fixed on the framework,
will be moved forward into the
weft thread carrier 1, for which purpose the butt end of the latter carries a pin
or stud, which works in the slot k of the vibrating lever k*. The rod k and
weft thread carrier are kept steady in their movements by means of the guide
rods *,, immediately below them. In the manufacture of the fabric the
weft thread must be thrown in twice for every terry wire, the weft thread
carrier must therefore be operated twice for every movement of the terry
wire carrier or rod k; this alternation of the movements of the rods k and lis
effected by throwing the pins and in and out of gear of the slots k¹, k³, of
the vibrating lever ; to this end a cam m on the boss of the wheel n², which
is mounted on the stud m³, acts against and drives forward a vertical lever m³,
which by means of the connecting rod m³ vibrates the tail lever m* on the
guide rod k of the wire carrier or rod k.
side of the guide rods and enter holes in
so that by pulling back the lever m' the pin
slot of the vibrating lever k*, and will move the pin of the rod k out of the
slot ', as seen in the detached view, Fig. 4*, which represents these parts in
the opposite position to that shewn at Fig. 4. Then by the rotation of the
cam drum n the lever k* will be vibrated on its centre, and caused to drive
forward the thread carrier 1, as shewn in the plan view, Fig. 2. Upon moving-
the lever m in the opposite direction the pin of the thread carrier will be
thrown out of the fork of the lever k*, and the pin of the rod k will be thrown
in; then upon the cam drum n continuing its rotation it will cause the lever k*
to vibrate again, and drive the wire carrier rod k into the shed to fetch a wire
from the opposite side. The cam drum n has slotted cuts in it, so as at each
rotation of the drum to cause the weft carrier to enter the shed twice, and
the wire rod or holder k once. The weft thread. is conducted from a large
conical bobbin o, which may be placed in any convenient position in the loom ;
the weft thread passes therefrom through an eye to another eye at or near the
butt end of the thread carrier 1, and from thence along a groove in the thread
carrier to another eye at the hooked end of the thread carrier; by this means
when the thread is carried in by the thread carrier it will be double, and will.
form a loop, as at 1, Fig. 2, through which passes a shuttle p, which carries
the binding or securing thread, which will hold the weft thread securely, and
prevent it from being drawn out when the thread carrier is withdrawn. The.
shuttle p for securing the weft thread is, with its race and other appendages,
mounted at the upper end of a rocking lever p². The shuttle p is moved up
and down through the loop at the end of the weft thread carrier by means of:
a peg motion or rocking arm actuated by a bell-crank lever a, which through

page_text: a connecting rod x¹ is worked by means of a cam 2. When the work is
beaten up the rocking lever p¹, carrying the shuttle p and its appendages, must
be moved back out of the way of the slay; this is effected by means of a
cam y, Fig. 2, through a connecting rod y', which pushes the lever p¹ and the
shuttle gear back whenever the slay advances, but draws it forward at the
right moment to enable the shuttle p to pass up or down through the loop in
the weft thread, and thus secure the latter in the shed.;
· The apparatus for holding the terry wires ready to be drawn into the shed
is shewn in Figures 2 and 3, in which 9, 9, represent a pair of vibrating arms
called the transferring arms, provided at their upper ends with a cross bar carrying
V-shaped guides or holders q', in which the terry wires are deposited one by
one, and are carried forward so as to present the ends or points of the wire
opposite the shed ready to be drawn in by the wire carrier k from the opposite
side. The vibrating motion of the arms q is caused by the rotation of a cam 92,
Fig. 3, acting against a lever q', connected by means of a rod q³ to the arans q.
The terry wires may be deposited in the V guides q¹ by hand or from a trough;
as herein-after more fully described, or the wires may be drawn out of the
fabric by mechanical means, as shewn in the Drawings (as will be presently
explained), and dropped into the V guides.
The apparatus for drawing out the wires is seen best in Figures 1 and 2,
in which is a clamp consisting of a pair of clamping jaws r, shewn detached
and drawn to a full size at Figures 6 and 7. These jaws are attached to a box
or plate, which slides on a fixed horizontal bar ², secured to any convenient
part of the framing. The box r¹ and clamping jaws r are moved to and fro on
the guide bar 2 by means of the vibrating lever s, which is actuated by means
of a cam slot on the drum s¹, as shewn in Fig. 2. It will be seen on referring
to Figures 6 and 7 that the clamping jaws are held open by a spring ready
to take hold of the head of a terry wire. The jaws r are closed on the wire
by means of a cam on the axle of a tappet lever 1, by causing the tappet
lever to strike against a fixed stop on the fixed horizontal guide bar 72 so
as to bring it into the position shewn in the Drawing. This lever with the cam
will remain in this position, as shewn in red lines in the Drawing, and the
jaws will consequently firmly grip the end of the wire while the vibrating
lever s is moving the jaws back, and these latter will remain closed until the
tappet lever comes against a similar stop at the opposite end of the guide
bar, when the lever * will be pushed back in the opposite direction and
made to open the jaws and release the wires, which will then drop into the V
trough q on the transferring arms 9, 9, by which the wire will be carried

page_text: forward into a position opposite the end of the shed ready to be drawn in again
by the reciprocating wire holder k.
At Figures 8 and 9 we have shewn another method of transferring the terry
wires (after they have been drawn out of the fabric) from the withdrawing
nippers to the guides q', in which they are supported in position ready to be
drawn again into the shed by the reciprocating wire carrier k. In this instance
the V guides q are carried upon a rocking frame z, upon which are hinged
horizontal rods q* having their outer ends turned up; these horizontal rods q*
are placed alternately with the V guides upon the frame z, as shewn in the
plan view, Fig. 9. This frame may be moved forward a short distance, as indi-
cated by the dotted lines, for the purpose of moving them from under the
guide bar 2. The axles of the levers q*, which have turned up ends to
prevent the wires falling off, are provided with bell-crank levers, so that by
means of the connecting rods, shewn in Fig. 8, they may be rocked on their
centres in order to elevate the turned up ends and lift the wires out of
the V guides q', as indicated by red lines in Fig. 8, so that the terry wire
that has been dropped from the withdrawing clamp or jaws r will roll down
the incline and fall into the V guides 2', where it will remain with its point
opposite the end of the shed and ready to be drawn in by the reciprocating
wire carrier k.
.
Fig. 10 is a vertical section, and Fig. 11 a side view of an arrangement
in which any number of terry wires are to be placed in a hopper, from which
they are fed down a narrow channel or inclined plate, and are delivered one
by one into the V guides of the transferring arms. a is the hopper in which
the terry' wires are placed, and from which they descend down an inclined
passage a¹ to the stopping pins a², a³, which are jointed at their upper ends to
the focking levers a*. These rocking levers a' and the stopping pins a², a³,
are acted upon by cams a³ and aº, against which they are kept in contact by
the springs a'. The axles of the cams a³ and a carry toothed wheels, which
are geared together and are actuated by means of a click a³, Fig. 11, which
acts against and drives the ratchet wheel aº on the end of one of the cam
shafts. By driving forward the click as (which is actuated by the batten) the
cams will be caused to rotate, and by acting on the levers a and stopping
pins a² and as, these latter will be lifted up alternately, and will at every
motion allow one wire to drop from the inclined channel a¹ into the V guides
q of the transferring arms q, whereby each wire will in turn be carried
forward to the opening of the shed.
It will now be understood from the foregoing description that inasmuch

page_text: as a large supply of terry wires may be placed in the hopper or trough a,
the withdrawing instrument or clamp r, for drawing out the wires and
depositing them on the transferring apparatus, may be dispensed with, and
the wires drawn out by hand from time to time, and deposited in the
hopper, from which they will descend regularly to the transferring arms q
in the manner just described. It will be seen that the cam drum s, for
actuating the lever which works the withdrawing wire motion or clamp r,
is mounted on the same shaft as the cam drum n, which. at the opposite
side of the machine actuates the rod k for drawing in the wire, and also
the thread carrier for putting in the weft thread. This shaft with its
cam drums is actuated by the train of toothed wheels n', n³, n³, from the
crank shaft c, which in its turn is actuated by a toothed pinion t¹ keyed fast to
the driving pulley t, which receives motion from any prime mover.
This
pulley t and the pinion t¹ turn. freely and loosely on
motion to the various working parts by causing the
drive a toothed wheel u on the crank shaft c. A pinion on this same shaft
-gears into and drives a large toothed wheel w which is keyed on to the tappet
shaft b, on which are mounted the cams or tappets j, j, for working the treadle
levers for forming the shed in the usual manner.
their shaft, but transmit
pinion t¹ to gear into and
In the foregoing description we have explained the mechanical arrange-
ments whereby the necessary motions for introducing the terry wires and the
weft thread into the shed, and also the motions for withdrawing the wires
from the fabric and preparing them for re-introduction into the shed, are all
rendered automatic, so as to require but little personal attention, and we
would remark that although we prefer to use all these mechanical devices in
combination they may be used separately with advantage. We would also
observe that although we have shewn in the Drawings the ordinary mechanical
arrangements for letting off the warp from the warp beams, and for taking up
the work on the work beams, we have not considered it necessary to give any
detailed description thereof, as we lay no claim to any such parts, which,
moreover, admit of considerable modification and variation in construction and
arrangement.
2
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for
the Manufacture of Carpets, Coach Lace, and other Terry or Cut Pile
Fabrics," and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
we claim as the Invention secured to us by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the
use of the reciprocating wire carrier herein set forth, or any mere modification
thereof for introducing the terry wires into the shed, and also the mechanical

page_text: devices shewn and described, or any mere modification thereof for withdrawing
the terry wires from the fabric and preparing them for re-introduction into
the shed.
We also claim the combination of the arrangement or construction of parts
shewn and described for introducing and securing the weft with the devices
shewn and described for introducing and withdrawing the terry wires from
the fabric, so that by rendering all the motions of the loom automatic a great
economy of time may be effected, and less personal attention will be required
than heretofore in the manufacture of terry fabrics.
In witness whereof, we, the said Archibald Turner and William Edward
Newton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-sixth day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven.
A. TURNER.
(L.S.)
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)
A. TURNER.
(L.S.)
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)