Improvements in and relating to the Preparation of Moulds for Casting Metal Baths, Cisterns, and such like Articles.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 24th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Preparation of Moulds for
Casting Metal Baths, Cisterns, and such like Articles.
I, JAMES MCALLISTER, of Darnley Road, Barrhead, Renfrewshire, Iron
Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the method of
preparing the moulds for casting metal baths, cisterns and articles of an analogous
form, and in the appliances used therefor, which will enable the operations to be
effected in a more expeditious and efficient manner, and also effect a saving of
labour.
According to the improvements of this invention, in forming the moulds a
separate pattern would be used for the exterior and interior surfaces of the article,
and these patterns would preferably be made of cement of any ordinary description,
such as Portland cement, suitable for this purpose, and the operations of preparing
the patterns and mould for a bath of an ordinary form, would be as follows.
A block or pattern would be first formed of wood or other material shaped to the
exact size and form desired for the interior of the bath and its edges, and a cement
pattern would be made from this block by placing a box over this block and
running cement into box all around and over the block, and when set, this box
and cement pattern so formed would be used in forming the core part of the mould
for casting.
After the removal of this cement hollow pattern, the original block would be
overlaid with any suitable material, but preferably with lead, to a depth corre-
sponding to the thickness desired for the metal of the bath, and from this block, so
overlaid, a hollow mould be taken which would be used by filling it with cement
for forming a solid, or it might be a hollow cement pattern of the exact size and
form of the exterior of the bath to be cast. This pattern for the exterior of the
bath would be placed bottom upwards on a metal plate for use in preparing the
mould in the flask or moulding box. Instead of using the usual three flasks in
forming the mould one only, hereinafter called the box, would be used, and a
parting plate both being of special construction. The box would be approximately
shaped to correspond. with the shape of the bath, and might have rounded ends, or
be of a nearly rectangular shape having the corners cut away and would be tapered
inwards from the bottom to the top. The parting plate would be of the same shape
ard be formed with a vertical rim all round to coincide with and fit the lower edge
of the box and would also have an inner rim of same height as the outer one.
Within this inner rim the plate would have large rectangular openings divided by
flat crossbars. For the purpose of securing them together the bottom of the box
would have Enugs formed at distances apart and the plate would have corresponding
pins to enter these snugs, or preferably angled projections, and which would be
Eecured by wedges or cotters, but other means of securing them together might
be used.
The plate would also be fitted at each end with short guiding standards and the
box with guiding pieces at its lower part to slide on these standards to guide the
box, when being, placed in. position on the parting plate.
In using the appliances described the hollow cement pattern formed within the
box for the interior surface of the bath being filled with moulding sand well rammeḍ,

page_text: a parting would be formed at the level of the top of the box, and the moulding
sand being built above this level the parting plate would be reversed and placed
on the box, the two rims cutting into and compressing the sand round the edge of
the pattern. The box with its cement pattern and the plate being secured together
would be turned over so that the plate would rest on a couple of rails laid truly
level and the cotters being removed, the hollow pattern would be lifted off and the
moulded core part left on the plate.
An empty box would, now be placed over the pattern for the outside of the bath
and the moulding sand would be rammed firm all round it.
To assist in holding the sand and to stay the sides of the box, two or more
crossbars of plates connected together by a longitudinal rib would be inserted with
their ends in slots or openings in the sides of the box where they would be secured
by cotters.
When the moulding was completed the box with its mould would be lifted off the
pattern and placed over the core part already on the plate when the box and plate
would he secured together and the whole be ready for the casting. A number of
holes would be formed in the top of the pattern for the exterior surface and when
the mould was being prepared short wooden pins would be inserted therein, and
when completed these pins would be removed and the openings left would form
gates for the molten iron to be run in by and the gases could escape freely by
them, and through the large openings in the plate below.
By forming removable and interchangeable cement patterns of detailed parts,
such as end shelves, of the baths or other articles different styles of articles
could be produced by this method while utilizing the same main patterns in
each case.
Dated the 12th Jul 1894
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
Improvements in and relating to the Preparation of Moulds for
Casting Metal Baths, Cisterns, and such like Articles.
I, JAMES MCALLISTER of Darnley Road, Barrhead, Renfrewshire, Iron
Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being made to the accompanying
sheet of drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon :-
This invention has reference to and comprises improvements in the method of
preparing the moulds for casting metal baths, cisterns, and articles of an analogous
form, and in the appliances used therefor, which will enable the operations to be
effected in a more expeditious and efficient manner, and also effect a saving of
labour.
According to the improvements of this invention, in forming the moulds a
separate pattern would be used for the exterior and interior surfaces of the article,
and these patterns would preferably be made of cement of any ordinary description
suitable for this purpose.
By forming removable and interchangeable cement patterns of detailed parts,
such as of end shelves of the baths or other articles, different styles of articles
can be produced by this method while utilizing the same main patterns in
each case.
These improvements are carried into practice by forming a cement pattern for
preparing the mould for the inside of say a bath, within a box or flask which is
the duplicate or counterpart of that in which the mould for the outside of the

page_text: article is to be prepared, and in forming a cement pattern for the mould for the
outside of the article on a plate the counterpart of that on which the mould for
the inside is to be prepared, thus ensuring the perfect registering of the two moulds,
also in so preparing these patterns that the interchangeable patterns of details can
be utilized for the production of articles differing in detail.
And in order that this invention and the manner of carrying the same into
effect or practice may be properly understood, there is hereunto appended an
explanatory sheet of drawings, reference being made to the letters and figures
marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation and Figure 2 is a plan of a bath A having a roll
or turned over edge A¹, an end shelf A², and a vertical recess A leading to plug
hole A*.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation and Figure 4 is a plan of a cement pattern B
in its box C for the core or mould for the inside of the bath shown in Figures 1
and 2.,
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation and Figure 6 is a plan of a cement pattern E on
its plate F for the mould for the outside of the bath A.
Figure 7 is a transverse section, and Figure 8 is a longitudinal section showing
the mould ready for casting the bath A.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation and Figure 10 a plan of one end of the cement
pattern E illustrating the mode of constructing same.
Figures 11 to 19 illustrate methods of using the interchangeable patterns for the
production of different styles of baths from the same main patterns as shown in
Figures 3 to 6, these movable and interchangeable patterns being distinguished by
numerals.
The operations of preparing the patterns and moulds for a bath such as is
shown in Figures 1 and 2 would be as follows.
A block or pattern of wood or other suitable material would be first formed, on a
base plate of the same material, to the exact size and shape of the interior of the
bath A, but without providing for the roll edge A', that is of the shape of the
cement portion B of pattern shown in Figure 3. A cement pattern would be
formed from this block by placing over it a box C Figures 3 and 4, this box C
being the counterpart and fitted in the same manner as the moulding box G
Figures 7 and 8 to be used, and running prepared cement into the box. C all
around and over the block. This box C and the cement pattern B therein being
used, for moulding the core for the interior of the bath. The pattern being
completed by the securing thereto of the removable beads 1, 2, by the screws d
giving the impress for the roll edge A' of the bath A Figure 1. By another
method, a sand mould would be taken from the prepared block, and a mould or
core formed in sand from same which would be used to produce the cement pattern B
in the manner described.
After the removal of this cement hollow pattern, the original block after cutting
away the projecting part equivalent to the block 3 Figure 5, and which forms the
recess b in the pattern B Figure 3, would be overlaid with any suitable material,
but preferably with lead, to a depth corresponding to the thickness desired for the
metal of the bath, and a groove equivalent to e Figures 5, 6, 9 and 10 would be
formed on the base plate all round, also the fitting strips or projections e¹.
From this block so overlaid and prepared a hollow sand mould, to be filled with
cement, would be taken, over which a plate F would be placed and filled up also with
cement, so that the pattern E and plate F shown in Figures 5 and 6 form one
complete pattern when removed from said mould but without providing for the
shelf A and end recess A' of the bath A.
This pattern E for the exterior of the bath would be placed core uppermost for
use in preparing the mould in the flask or moulding box G Figures 7 and 8 and the
block 3 placed in position with the pattern 4 above it to form the impress for the
shelf A and recess A*.
Instead of using the ordinary three flasks in forming the mould, one only,

page_text: +
hereinafter called the box, as G. Figures 7 and. 8, would be used, and a parting
plate H Figures.7 and 8 both being of special construction. The box G would
be approximately. shaped to correspond: with the shape of the bath A, and might
have rounded ends, or..be of a nearly rectangular shape having the corners cut
away and would be tapered inwards from the bottom. to the top. The parting
plate H would be of the same shape outwardly and be formed with a vertical rim h
all round to coincide with and fit the lower edge of the box G and would also
have an inner rim h¹. Within this inner rim the plate H would have large
rectangular openings 2 divided by flat crossbars h³. For the purpose of securing
them together the bottom of the box G Figures 7 and 8, as also the box C of the
pattern B Figure 4 would have snugs formed at distances apart, and the plate H
Figures 7 and 8, as also the plate F of the pattern E Figure 6, would have
corresponding pins to enter these snugs g or preferably angled projections * which
would be secured by wedges or cotters g¹, but other means of securing these
together might be used.
The plate H Figures 7 and 8 as also the plate F of the pattern E Figures 5
and 6 would be fitted at each end with guiding standards I, and the box G
Figures 7 and 8 as also the box C of the pattern B Figures 3 and 4 with guides
at its lower part to slide on said standards I to guide the box G when being placed
in position on the parting plate H.
In using the appliances described the pattern B within its box C, for the interior
surface of the bath, would be filled with moulding sand, well rammed, and have a
parting prepared at the level of the top of the box, and the moulding sand being
built above this level, within a temporary shallow box or rim indicated at K
Figure 3, the parting plate, after removal of the temporary box K, would be placed
on the pattern the two rims h, h¹, cutting into and compressing the sand around
the edge of the pattern B. The pattern B and plate being secured together
by cotters would now be turned over, so that the plate H would rest on a couple
of rails laid truly level, and the cotters being removed the pattern B would be
lifted off and the moulded core L. Figures. 7 and 8 left on the plate H.
The box G Figures 7 and 8 would now placed over the pattern E Figures 5
and 6 for moulding the outside of the bath, and secured to same by cotters and
have the moulding sand filled in and well rammed all around and over the
pattern E.::
To assist in holding the sand and to stay the sides of the box G, two or more
crossbars or plates M Figures 7 and 8 connected together by longitudinal ribs N may
be inserted with their ends in slots or openings g³ in the sides of the box. G where they
would be secured by cotters or wedges g. When the moulding was completed the
box G with its mould L' would be lifted off the pattern and placed over the core L
on the plate H when the box G and plate, H would be secured together, after
insertion of the core and the whole be ready for the casting. A number of
holes e Figures 5 and 6 would be formed in the top of the pattern E for the
exterior surface of the bath and when the mould was being prepared short wooden
pins would be inserted therein, and when completed these pins would be removed
and the openings left in the sand would form gates, for the molten metal to be run
in by and the gases would escape freely by them and through the large openings
in the plate below.
Figure 11 is a plan of the end of the pattern B as fitted for another style of bath
having a smaller shelf by removing the bead 2 Figures 3 and 4 and substituting a
piece 5, small blocks 6 as shown by Figure 13 being used below the piece 5 to fill
the ends of the recess 6 as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 11, and Figure 12
is a plan of the end of the pattern E as prepared to correspond by removing the
block 3 and substituting a smaller one 7 and filling part of the groove e by pieces.8
as shown in Figure 14. This style of bath may be moulded with an end recess in
the same manner as the bath A Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 15 is a plan of the end of the pattern E as prepared for moulding a bath
with a small, plain edge flange; and, without a shelf or recess. In this case the

page_text: groove e is filled up all round by a fillet 9 and a piece 10 having a raised rim to
give the impress for the flange. The pattern B would be prepared to correspond
by removing the bead pieces 1 and 2 and filling up the recess b for the shelf by
placing a block therein.
Figure 16 is a plan of the end of the pattern E as prepared for a plain flanged
bath having a small end shelf in which the filling piece 11 is substituted for the
piece 10 Figure 15 and the block 7 as in Figure 12 is placed in position to mould
for the shelf. The pattern B in this case being prepared as before by removing
the beads 1 and 2 and filling the ends of the recess 6 by the small blocks 6
Figure 13.
Figure 17 shows the fillet piece 12 and block 13 used to prepare the pattern E
when it is desired to mould for a plain flanged bath having a shelf of the full
width, the corresponding pattern B being used without the beads 1 and 2 or any
filling blocks.
Figure 18 shows the piece 14 used for preparing the pattern E when it is desired
to mould for a bath with a roll edge, but without an end shelf, and Figure 19
shows the bead 15. substituted for the bead 2 on the corresponding pattern B and
the block 16 for filling up the recess b for the shelf.
These removable and interchangeable pieces or patterns may be made from
cement, wood, metal or any suitable material.
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. For the preparation of moulds for casting iron baths, cisterns, and other like
hollow articles the construction of cement patterns within a box and on a plate, all
substantially as herein described and by way of examples illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.
2. For the preparation of moulds for casting iron baths, cisterns, and other like
hollow articles the construction and use of cement patterns within a box, and on a
plate, the counterparts respectively of the moulding box or flask and parting plate
to be used all substantially as herein described and by way of examples illustrated
by the accompanying drawings.
3. For the preparation of moulds for casting iron baths, cisterns, and other
analogous articles the method of preparing cement patterns all as herein described
and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
4. For the preparation of moulds for casting iron baths, cisterns, and other
analogous hollow articles the construction and use of movable and interchangeable
pieces or patterns in connection with the same main patterns for the purpose of
producing different styles of articles all substantially as herein described and by
way of examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
5. The mode of and appliances used for preparing the patterns and moulds for
casting iron baths of different styles from the same main patterns all substantially
as herein described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 11th day of April 1905
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.