Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 28th Dec., 1895
1, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and design of
internally fired water-tube boilers for use on land or sea, but more especially for
the latter use.
1
The main object of the invention is the production of a boiler which shall possess
superior generating capacity combined with the ability to stand much higher
pressures than have heretofore been carried.
The particular design adopted is well adapted to this object and also enables
sheet and forged metal to be used throughout the construction of the boiler thereby
producing a lighter and safer boiler and avoiding the use of cast metal so common
in large marine boilers.
A great desideratum in the construction of a boiler is the convenience with
which it may be operated, cleaned and overhauled, also the dispatch with which a
leak may be discovered and stopped. All these advantages are attained in a boiler
constructed on my improved plans.
With these objects and ends in view the invention consists in the construction,
combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter fully described and set forth in
the claims.
In the accompanying drawings which form a part of this Specification;
Fig. 1, is a side elevation, partially in section, showing my improved internally
fired water-tube boiler.
Fig. 2, is an end elevation thereof.
Fig. 3. is a vertical section of one of the water-heads taken in the plane
represented by the line 3, 3, Fig. 1.
Fig. 4, is a vertical section through the boiler taken on the line 4, 4, Fig. 1.
Fig. 5, is a vertical section through the centre of one end of the steam shell.
Fig. 6, is a horizontal central section of said end of the steam shell.
Fig. 7, is an enlarged detail view showing one of the water pipe plugs.
Figs. 8 and 9, are details of the mantle or shield.
Figs. 10 and 11, are details of the baffle plates.
'
12 and 13 (Fig. 1), represent respectively the water-heads of the boiler; 14, the
steam shell extending from one head to the other; 15, the water-tubes, likewise
extending from one head to the other; 16, larger water-tubes located in the plane
of the fire-box whose grate is represented at 17, and 18, a large water-tube located
below the grate and extending from one head to the other. 19 (see also Figs. 3
& 4), represents the mantle or shield extending from one water-head to the other
and enclosing the steam-shell and water-tubes, thereby forming with said water-
heads the furnace portion of the boiler. 20 (Figs. 1, 2, & 3), represents the up-take
to which the smoke stack is connected.
I will now describe in detail the various parts of the improved boiler. Each
water-head consists of an outer end sheet as 21 (Figs. 1, 5, & 6), and an inner end

page_text: or flue sheet as 22, which are connected by a band or plate riveted to flanges on
said sheets, as shown, or by a flanged band or plate to which said sheets may be
riveted, as found most expedient in the manufacture. Through one of these water-
hends, as 13, extends tubes as 23 (Figs. 1 and 3), which constitute the passages to
the fire-box. These tubes are closed at their outer end by suitable doors as
indicated in Fig. 2.
In said water-hends below these flues or passages is formed a
man-hole as indicated at 24, Fig. 2. From said water-bend 13, the steam may be
taken as from the union indiented at 25 (Fige. 1 and 3), and from each water-head,
as indicated at 26, suitable blow-offs may be led. These water-heads I prefer
to make of suflicient width to permit a man to enter them and work therein
with ease.
It is also necessary, and one of the essential features of my invention, to provide
adequate means for strengthening and bracing the ends of the water-head against
the pressure of the steam, and to make water-heads of this sort practical, the
braces must be made and located in a manner to be readily removable. For this
purpose I secure to the outer end of the water-hend a series of strong-back
angles 27 (Figs. 1, 5, and 6), provided at suitable intervals with perforations
through their projecting portion for the reception of the hook ends of toggle-hook
braces 28. These braces are formed so that when in place the hooks shall snugly
fit the perforations of the strong-back angles and the shoulders thereon shall bear
against the edges of said angles. This form of brace will sustain a great pressure
and is readily removed and again inserted. In removing them it is simply
necessary to tap with a hammer first one hook and then the other when they will
be ensily Inosenied.
The steam shell may be secured in the Blue sheets of the water-heads in any
suitable manner.
1 have shown it, however, secured thereto by suitable angles
having first reinforced the inner ends of sail shell, as indicated in Figs. 5, and 6,
at 29. To provide the required bracing for that portion of the outer end of the
water-hend lying opposite the steam-shell, I locate within said shell suitable eyes
as 42, for the reception of the inner ends of toggle-hook braces 281, whose outer
ends are located in the perforations of the strong-back angles secured to the
outer end of the water-head. These longer toggle braces may extend obliquely
as shown from the eyes 42, to the strong-back angles on sail outer ends anil
shorter braces at 28", having their inner ends inserted preferably in holes formed
in the ends of the steam shell-though thoy may be placed in eyes located on
the inside of Enid shell-extend also obliquely or straight across, as their location
may demand, to perforations in strong-back angles on said outer end. Such
arrangement of braces is clearly illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6.
I also locate within the steam shell a through-brace as 43 (Figs. 5 and 6),
extending from the outer end of one water-head to the onter end of the other and
connected thereto by suitable nuts and jamb nuts as indicated. This through-brace
not only strengthens the water-heads but provides for holding the outer plates in
place while they are being riveted.
The water-tubes 15, I prefer to secure to the flue-sheets 22, by expanding them
to form a bead at one side of said sheet and belling their ends at the other side, as
clearly indicated in Fig. 7. This act of expansion and belling may be done by the
same tool and firmly secures the tube in place and at the same time braces the two
sheets. The larger water-tubes may be secured in any desired manner, but I have
shown them secured by flanged collars or angles as indicated in Fig. 1. The
water-tubes 15, are placed in horizontal series and collected in several groups
spaced apart as clearly indicated in the drawings, there being four groups shown,
the upper two of which are divided by the steam shell. This spacing apart of
the groups of water-tubes is for a double purpose. It provides uninterrupte
sections in the flue-sheets for the attachment of the strong-back angles and it
also provides for the reception of the baffle-plates 30 (Figs. and 4). pre-
Terably use three of these baffle-plates which extend alternately from one water-
head to within a suitable distance from the other and from the mantle at one

page_text: side of the boiler to the same at the other side. The uppermost of said
baffle-plates is located at the sides of the steam-shell, as clearly indicated in Fig. 4.
The baffle-plates thus arranged compel the products of combustion as they pass
from the fire-box to the smoke stack to traverse the entire extent of each group
of water-tubes the upper deflecting plate forcing said products of combustion
along the sides of the steam-shell. In this manner every available unit of heat
is utilized. The baffle-plates I preferably make of fire-brick constructed of such
size and proportions as to lie evenly upon the water-tubes 15, as indicated in the
drawings wherein they are shown placed closely together and constituting a con-
tinuous plate. To retain these plates intact, that is, to prevent the bricks from
moving along the tubes as the boiler moves with the vessel in which it is placed,
I form one or more grooves in the surface of the bricks of each baffle-plate
and insert in said grooves suitable bars as 31 (see Figs. 10 and 11), which shall
extend from one side of the boiler to the other, their ends being secured to the
mantle as clearly indicated in Fig. 4. The bridge-wall 31, is preferably con-
structed of fire-brick substantially as indicated in Fig. 1, by securing angle
bars 321, to the mantle and building up the bridge-wall between said angle-bars.
I have shown in Fig. 3, the grate 17, as extending from one side of the
water-head to the other, the space between the sides of the water-head and the
mantle being filled with a plate of any sort as indicated at 32. Obviously, if
desired, the grate may be extended to the mantle, but the grate already described
is of more than the ordinary area and upon that fact rests in a great degree the
superiority of this improved boiler.
The mantle or shield 19, may be made in various ways, but I prefer to construct
it of an outer layer or plate of iron strengthened interiorly by angle-bars 33
(Figs. 1, 8, 9 & 10), and between which are secured, transversely thereto, oblique
angle-plates 34, which are perforated for the reception of pins or rods 35. The
inter-spaces between the angle-bars 33, and plates 34, are filled with a non-
combustible non-heat-conducting material as 36 (see also Figs. 3 and 4), which is
applied to the mantle in a plastic condition. This material may be of any of the
well known compositions. The object of using the plates 34, and pins 35, is not
only to secure better attachment of said material to the plate of the mantle but
to provide at the same time for readily renewing a damaged portion. To this
mantle at its ends are secured the angular choking-plates 37 (Figs. 2 and 4), which
fill in the spaces between the mantle and the cylindrical water-heads and in
which at each end of the boiler are placed the doors 38, which may or may not
be provided with dampers for the admission of air and which serve for admitting
workmen to the interior of the furnace portion of the boiler and for the removal
of ashes and soot.
I also preferably locate in the sides of the mantle as indicated by dotted lines
at 39, in Fig. 1, one or more doors through which inspection of the water-tubes
may be readily made and cleaning tools may be easily inserted. These doors may
be made all in one piece or divided transversely as desired for the more ready
inspection of the boiler without hindrance to its operation.
To confine the mantle and boiler in their proper relative positions, I locate under
the boiler a suitable pun as 40 (Figs. 1, 3, and 4), in which the heads of the boiler
and the lower ends of the mantle rest and upon which the bridge wall 31', is
constructed. This mantle is held at a sufficient elevation above the boiler proper
to enable it to be lined with a plastic material after which it is lowered into the
position shown in the drawings when the bafle-plates are put in place and their
confining bars 31, inserted. Through the mantle is formed preferably, as indicated
in Figs. 1 and 4, an opening through which access may be had to a man-hole in
the steam-shell provided with the usual plate and bridge 41.
In the outer end of each water-head opposite the tubes 15, are formed hand-
holes through which access may be had to said tubes in the usual way. These
hand-holes are preferably formed elliptical, as indicated in Fig. 2, and are provided.
with a plate and bridge.

page_text: To these hand-hole plates and bridges I add one of the essential features of
my improved boiler, namely, the plugs by which the water-tubes may be closed.
Said plugs consist of the head as 44 (Fig. 7), having preferably a spherical
surface adapted to fit in the belled ends of the tube 15. These heads may be
of any material suitable for the purpose of forming a tight joint between them
and said tubes. To the heads are connected the screw-threaded stems 45 (see
also Figs. 1 and 2). These stems are combined with the hand-hole plates as
follows Each hand-hole plate 46, is centrally perforated and through this
perforation passes a hollow bolt 47, screw-threaded on its interior to form a socket
for said stem 15. This bolt passes through the hand-hole bridge 48, and receives
upon it the nut 49, which serves to hold the bolt, hand-hole, plate and bridge in
place. Normally the plug 44, will be removed sufficiently from the end of the
tube 15, to allow free circulation of water and when it is desired to shut off' a tube,
as in the case of a leak therein, a key or wrench may be applied to the outer end
of the stem 45, which is equare to receive the same, and the head 44, firmly sented
within the belled end of its respective tube even to the extent of crowding the
tube more tightly against the flue sheet. 1mny form the sockets of the stems 45,
directly in the outer ends of the water-heads in case hand-holes are not provided
for the tubes, but I prefer to use the hand-holes and combine the plugs therewith
as shown and described.
The invention as set forth is especially designed and constructed for marine
use, but many of the features are well adapted to use in land boilers of this class
and intend to so use them.
I have shown and described the water-heads as cylindrical but obviously they
may be of any other form, for instance, they may have the outline of the mantle
indiente in Fig. 4.
The large water-tubes 16 and 18, and particularly the latter being located at the
lower cuds of the water-heads, insure a thorough circulation of the water thereby
preventing the dangers often resulting from "dead-water." They also add strength
to the construction and provide against injurious expansion and contraction.
In the construction of my boiler, I provide a sufficient mumber of water-tubes
and make them of a size such that their combined areas will be greater than that
of the water-heads and stenin shell.
The construction already described enables one to readily inspect the boiler
while in operation as through doors 39 (Fig. 1), and to stop a leak in any one or
more of the tubes 15, by simply turning into both ends of any leaking tube the
plugs 44 (Fig. 7), thereby placing the boiler again in good condition until it can
be overhauled at port. The stems 45, I have shown in Fig. 1, as protruding their
full length from the boiler, but this is not necessary. They may be turned in until
the plugs are within about five inches of the ends of the tubes or if preferred to
turn the plugs out to their full extent, said stems may be hinged, as indicated
at 50, Fig. 1, and the unter end of said stems turned either up or down according
to their location. If desired, said stems may also be protected from dirt and
injury by placing upon them short lengths of pipe, as indicated at 51, in Fig. 1.
I also prefer to attach to the water-beads inclined plates or shields 52 (Fig. 1),
which shall protect the stems 45, and also the heads of the stokers.
Many changes may he made in the construction, arrangement and proportioning
of the various parts of my boiler without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is:
1 In a water-tube boiler, the combination with the cylindrical water-heads,
water-tubes extending from the flue-sheet of one of said heads to that of the other,
a mantle or shield enclosing said tubes, and choking angle-plates connected to said
shield and fitted to said heads, suitable doors being provided in said shield and
plates if desired.

page_text: 2. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads and the connecting
tubes, of a grate arranged between said heads, and a shield enclosing the space
between said heads and consisting of a sheet metal exterior provided interiorly
with re-inforcing angles, and suitablo means for retaining in place a layer of
non-combustible non-heat-conducting material.
3. The combination with the water-heads and connecting tubes, of the mantle or
shield extending from one head to the other over said tubes, of a pan in which said
heads and mantle rest and are confined in their proper relative positions, sub-
stantially as set forth.
4. The combination with the water-heads, the connecting tubes and the mantle,
of the grate, the angle-bars extending across from one side of the mantle to the
other at the rear of the grate, and the bridge-wall built in between and held in
place by said angle-bars, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with the water-heads, the water-tubes extending from one
head to the other and the mantle located as described, of baffle-plates composed of
fire bricks placed upon said tubes at different elevations and extending from one
side of the mantle to the other, and means for preventing longitudinal movement.
of the fire-bricks, as shown and described.
6. The combination with the water-tubes and the mantle, of baffle-plates
consisting of fire-bricks placed upon said tubes, and bars secured at their ends in
the mantle and lying in grooves in said bricks to hold them in place.
7. In an internally-fired water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads, of
a steam shell extending from one head to the other, water-tubes located between
said sheli and the grate, and larger water-tubes connecting the water-heads together
near their bottoms to provide a perfect circulation of water in the boiler.
8. In an internally-fired water-tube boiler, the combination with water-bends, of
several horizontal series of tubes extending from one head to the other, a steam-
shell also extending from one head to the other and partially surrounded by said
tubes, and several horizontal baffle-plates extending alternately from the opposite
water-heads between said tubes, the uppermost of said plates being divided by said
shell forcing the products of combustion along the sides thereof:
9. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a water-head at each end thereof,.
of tubes connecting said heads together, and a series of removable, hooked braces,
substantially as described, connecting the outer end of a water-head to the flue-
sheet thereof, either by perforated strong back angles as described or otherwise, as.
and for the purpose set forth.
10. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a water-head at each end
thereof, of tubes connecting the water-heads and located in horizontal groups
spaced apart, strong-back angles secured horizontally to the outer ends of the
heads, strong-back angles riveted to the flue-sheet in a liue with the spaces between
groups of tubes, and braces connecting said end to the flue-sheet by attachment
thereof to opposite strong-back angles, substantially as set forth.
11. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with a water-head at each end
thereof, of water-tubes connected at their ends in the Alue-sheets of said heads, a
steam-shell also connected to the flue-sheets of said heads, and toggle-braces.
connecting the outer end of each hend to the fuc-sheet and to the steam-shell and
supplemented or not as desired by a through brace, substantially as set forth.
12. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads of which the outer
end is separated from the flue-sheet sufficiently to admit a man, of a steam-shell
connected at the ends in the flue-sheets of said heads and provided with a man-hole,.
and removable braces connecting the outer end of each water-head to its respective
flue-sheet and to the steam-shell if desired, substantially as set forth.
13. In a water-tube boiler, substantially as described, the combination with a
water-head, of perforated strong-back angles secured to the outer end and flue-
sheet respectively of said head, and toggle-hook braces each having a hook and
shoulder at both ends the former for insertion into said perforations and the latter
to bear against the edge of said angles for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 14. In a water-tube boiler provided with stor-bonds the combination with a
tube opening at each end into said heads, of a plug at ench end of said tube
provided with means extending to the exterior of the boilor either through hand-
hole plates or otherwise whereby the plag may be forced into the tube without
interforing with the operation of the boiler.
15. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with water-heads substantially as
described, of water-tubes rigidly connected at their ends in the flue-sheets of said
hends and thereby bracing said sheets one against the other and having their ends
belled, hand-holes in the outer ends of said heads opposite cach tube, and a plug
for each of said belled ends provided, with a screw stem hinged or not as desired
which turns through a socket in its respective hand-hole plate of any desired form
or consisting of a hollow bolt used for holding the said plate in place, substantially
ns set forth.
Dated this 15th day of October 1895.
i
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.