Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 17th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 17th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 1st June, 1889
•
We, WILLIAM HILLMAN of the Premier Works, Manufacturer, and JAMES AVERY
of Stoney Stanton Road, Foreman of Works, both of Coventry in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the manufacture of the hubs of
velocipede wheels, ball pedals, and other parts of velocipedes in which ball bearings
or chases are employed, and consists primarily in the manufacture of such bearings
or chases from sheet cast steel, pressed or stamped to the required shape and, if
desired, milled or otherwise finished on the bearing surface, in lieu of manufacturing
such parts from solid cast steel as heretofore.
In the manufacture of the hubs of velocipede wheels we proceed as follows.
According to one method we cut off a length of tubing and turn down a shoulder
thereon at each end, on each of which we place a dished, plate formed, as before
described, of sheet cast steel pressed or stamped to the required shape so as to provide
a bearing or chase for the bearing balls, a flange to which the spoke flanges or discs
are attached by rivetting or otherwise, and a central hole to fit onto the ends of the
aforesaid tube.
The dished bearing plates will be fixed to the ends of the tube before mentioned
by rivetting or turning over the ends of the tube onto the same or otherwise as may
be found convenient.
In the case of a driving wheel hub, one of the spoke flanges or discs may be
formed in one with the chain wheel or may have the latter fixed thereto. By the
above described construction of parts we obtain lightness and a hard bearing surface
or chase for the bearing balls combined with the requisite strength.
In cases where extra lightness is not essential, we form the hub in any ordinary
manner, except so far as the bearings or chases for the balls are concerned; these
we form, as before described, of sheet cast steel pressed or stamped to the required
shape, and we place or fit such dished plates or bushes into recesses at the ends of the
hub, suitable covering plates being afterwards rivetted or otherwise fastened to the
spoke flanges or discs.

page_text: In applying this part of our invention to the manufacture of ball pedals, we
proceed as follows; instead of forming the pedals of one piece of metal, or instead
of forming the pedal plates of one piece of cast steel shaped and turned to the required
form as heretofore, we form the pedals or pedal plates of suitable tough metal and
with a recess in each plate to receive a dished plate or bush formed of sheet cast steel,
as before described, which we fit and place in position in the said recesses.
This part
of our invention is also applicable to the manufacture of ball bearings or chases for
the bearings of other parts of velocipedes.
The invention relates secondly to an improved construction of stay or support for
the D shaped tube, serving as a combined support for the seat pillar and a mudguard,
or for the ordinary mudguard. For this purpose instead of constructing the said stay
or support as heretofore, we take a length of tube, sufficient to form a stay or support
on each side of the wheel, we bend such length of tube into a fork shape and we so
shape it at the bend as to make it fit the D or other shaped tube, and we further
form or fit such stay or support at the lower end so as to enable it to be connected
to the frame or bearings of the velocipede. This part of our invention is also
applicable to the bottom stay or support.
WILLIAM HILLMAN.
JAMES AVERY.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Velocipedes.
We, WILLIAM HILLMAN of the Premier Works, Manufacturer, and JAMES AVERY
of Stoney Stanton Road, Foreman of Works, both of Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the manufacture of the hubs. of
velocipede wheels, ball pedals, and other parts of velocipedes in which ball bearings or
chases are employed, and consists primarily in the manufacture of such bearings or
chases from sheet cast steel, pressed or stamped to the required shape, and, if desired,
milled or otherwise finished on the bearing surface, in lieu of manufacturing such
parts from solid cast steel, as heretofore.
In the manufacture of the hubs of velocipede wheels we proceed as follows.
According to one method, we cut off a length of tubing and turn down a shoulder
thereon at each end, on each of which we place a dished plate formed, as before
described, of sheet cast steel, pressed or stamped to the required shape, so as to
provide a bearing or chase for the bearing balls, a flange, to which the spoke flanges
or discs are attached by rivetting or otherwise, and a central hole to fit on to the
ends of the aforesaid tube.
The dished bearing plates will be fixed to the ends of the tube before mentioned
by rivetting or turning over the ends of the tube on to the same, or otherwise, as
may be found convenient.
In the case of a driving wheel hub, one of the spoke flanges or discs may be formed
in one with the chain wheel, or may have the latter fixed thereto. By the above
described construction of parts, we obtain lightness, and a hard bearing surface or
chase for the bearing balls, combined with the requisite strength.
In cases where extra lightness is not essential, we form the hub in any ordinary
manner, except so far as the bearings or chases for the balls are concerned; these
we form, as before described, of sheet cast steel, pressed or stamped to the required.
shape, and we place or fit such dished plates or bushes into recesses at the ends of
the hub, suitable covering plates being afterwards rivetted or otherwise fastened to
the spoke flanges or discs.
In applying this part of our invention to the manufacture of ball pedals, we
proceed as follows; instead of forming the pedals of one piece of metal, or instead
of forming the pedal plates of one piece of cast steel, shaped and turned to the
required form, as heretofore, we form the pedals or pedal plates of suitable tough
metal, and with a recess in each plate to receive a dished plate or bush formed of
sheet cast steel, as before described, which we fit and place in position in the said
recesses. This part of our invention is also applicable to the manufacture of ball
bearings or chases for the bearings of other parts of velocipedes.

page_text: and we so shape it at the bend as to make it fit the D or other shaped tube, and we
further form or fit such stay or support at the lower end, so as to enable it to be
connected to the frame or bearings of the velocipede. This part of our invention is
also applicable to the bottom stay or support.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood, and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings, more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the driving hub of a velocipede. Figure 2
is a section drawn on the line 1. 1. of figure 1. Figure 3 is an elevation of the spoke
disc separately, and Figure 4 is a cross section thereof drawn on the line 2. 2. of
figure 3.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section and Figure 6 is an end view of the cross tube of
the hub separately.
Figure 7 is a cross section, and Figure 8 is a face view of one of the bearings or
chases for the bearing balls separately, and Figure 9 is a section and Figure 10 is a
face view of a disc or blank, from which such bearing or chase is made by the process
of stamping or pressing.
Figure 11 is a sectional elevation of the crank shaft bearing, and Figure 12 is a
cross section drawn on the line 3. 3 of figure 11. Figure 13 represents one of the
bearings or chases separately, and Figures 14 and 15 represent a blank or disc
employed in the manufacture of such chases or bearings.
Figure 16 is a longitudinal section of one of the pedals, and Figure 17 is a section,
and Figure 18 is an end view, of a pedal plate, representing a slight modification.
Figure 19 is a side elevation of parts of a safety bicycle, showing the second part
of our invention applied thereto, and Figure 20 is a plan of one of the improved
stays.
In all the figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
The driving wheel hub represented at figures 1 to 10 is constructed in the following
manner. Instead of manufacturing the same of solid cast steel as heretofore, we
form the intermediate tube a of a length of tubing, and turn down a shoulder a¹
thereon at each end, see figures 5 and 6. On each of these turned down ends, we
place a dished plate, formed of sheet cast steel, pressed or stamped to the required
shape, to provide a bearing or chase a² for the bearing balls, a flange a³, to which the
spoke flanges or discs at are attached by rivets a' or otherwise, and a central hole a
to fit on to the turned down ends a' of the tube a. The dished bearing plates are
fixed to the ends of the tube a by rivetting or turning over the ends a¹ of the tube
on to the same, or they may be otherwise fixed, as may be found convenient.
In the case of a driving wheel hub, as shown in the drawings, one of the spoke
flanges or discs a* may be formed in one piece with the chain wheel a', or such parts
may be made separately and be fixed together in any convenient manner.
By the above described construction of parts, we obtain lightness and a hard bearing
surface or chase for the bearing balls, combined with the requisite strength. The
hub of the front or steering wheel is made in a similar manner to the driving wheel
hub, except that the chain wheel a' is dispensed with.
The dished bearing plates for the bearing balls are formed of a blank or disc of
sheet cast steel, such as that represented at figures 9 and 10, which is stamped or
pressed to the required shape between suitable dies, after which such dished bearing
plates are hardened and, if desired, milled or otherwise finished on the bearing
surface.

page_text: The crank axle bearing represented at figures 11, 12 and 13, is formed in any
ordinary manner, except so far as the bearings or chases a² for the balls are concerned;
these we form of a blank or disc of sheet cast steel, such as that represented at
figures 14 and 15, which is pressed or stamped to the required shape between suitable
dies, and is hardened and, if required, milled or finished on the bearing surface, as
before described with respect to the bearings or chases referred to in connection
with figures 1 to 10. These bearings or chases a² are then placed or fitted into
correspondingly shaped recesses formed at the ends of the bearing as shown at
figure 11.
In cases where extra lightness is not essential, we form the hub of a driving wheel,
or front or steering wheel, in any ordinary manner, except that we form the bearings
or chases for the balls in the manner described with respect to figures 11 to 15,
and we place or fit such dished plates or bearings into recesses formed at the ends
of the hubs, suitable covering plates being afterwards rivetted or otherwise fastened
to the spoke flanges or discs.
In applying this part of our invention to the manufacture of ball pedals, as repre-
sented at figures 16 to 18, we proceed as follows: Instead of forming the pedals of
one piece of metal, or instead of forming the pedal plates of cast steel, shaped and
turned to the required form as heretofore, we form the pedal plates of a suitably
shaped blank of sheet cast steel, which is stamped or pressed to the required shape,
as shown at figure 16, to form a bearing or chase a² for the bearing balls; these
plates are then hardened and finished as before described, and are connected together
by the cross rods b¹ rivetted thereto. Or, if desired, the pedal plates
may be cut
from sheet cast steel or other suitable metal, and be formed with a central hole to
receive the bearing or chase a², which latter is formed, in the manner hereinbefore
described, from sheet cast steel, except that it has a shoulder 62 turned down thereon,
to fit into the hole in the pedal plate b, into which it is fixed in any suitable
manner.
Or we form pedals, or pedal plates, as heretofore of suitable tough metal, but with
a recess in each plate to receive a dished plate or chase a formed of sheet cast steel,
as before described, which we fit and place in position in the said recesses in a similar
manner to that described with respect to the crank wheel hub represented at
figure 11.
This first part of our invention is also applicable to the manufacture of ball bearings
or chases for the bearings of other parts of velocipedes.
According to the second part of our invention, as represented at figures 19 and 20,
we form the stays or supports c. c of the frames of velocipedes of a length of tube
sufficient to form a stay or support on each side of the wheel; we bend such length of
tube into a fork shape, and we so shape it at the bend, see figure 20, as to make it
fit the D or other shaped tube d (or it may be the mudguard) and, when using two
of such stays c. c, as shown in the drawings, we connect their ends c¹ to the bearing
pieces d' on each side of the frame by forining such bearing pieces to enter the ends
of the stays or supports c, c and brazing them together, or by connecting them
together in other convenient manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of the wheel hubs of velocipedes, the combination of the
tube a formed of a length of tubing, turned down with shoulders a¹ at the ends,
bearings or chases a² formed of sheet cast steel, stamped or pressed to the required
shape, and fixed to the ends of the tube a, and spoke flanges or discs a fixed to
the flanges a³ of the bearings or chases a², substantially as herein shown and
described.
2. The manufacture of the bearings or chases of the wheel hubs, crank shaft
bearings, pedal bearings and other bearings of velocipedes, from sheet cast steel,

page_text: stamped or pressed to the required shape, and hardened and milled or otherwise
finished, substantially as herein shown and described.
3. In velocipedes, the manufacture of pedal plates, and their bearings or chases
for the bearing balls from sheet cast steel, stamped or pressed to the required shape
and hardened and finished, substantially as herein shown and described.
1. The manufacture of the stays or supports of velocipede frames from a length of
tube sufficient to form a stay or support on each side of the wheel, bent into fork
shape and shaped at the bend to fit the or other shaped tube or mudguard,
substantially as herein shown and described.
Dated vilay on xp 1.
WILLIAM HILLMAN.
JAMES AVERY.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents.