pumps and Bunlar Articles.
Year: 1885

page_text: pumps, and Bunlar Articles.
I WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & C Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHAFTS,
AXLES, COLUMNS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES" and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
C
The object of this invention is to provide a simple and easy means for producing
metal articles having a certain predetermined section, or sections, of tubular form,
and a certain section or sections of solid metal disposed in relation to the tubular
sections as may be desired. The disposition of metal in this alternating solid and
tubular form is very advantageous for a great many purposes, and especially where
it is desirable to obtain strength with comparative lightness in certain parts of the
article, and solidity in certain other parts as, for instance, in a shaft for transmitting
power, or in a car-axle, where it is desirable to have the ends of solid metal and
the intermediate section inside the journals or wheel-bearings tubular. This
construction produces not only a cheaper shaft or axle, because less metal is
required without increasing the labour, but it makes a better and stronger article
than can be produced in any other way with the same amount of metal.
I have mentioned these two articles to show the use to which the invention may
be put, but I would not be understood as limiting this invention thereto, as there
are many other articles which can be better and more cheaply made by this
process than by the present mode of manufacture. I would mention also that the
process is especially applicable in making columns, posts, etc, and that the sand or
refractory matter upon which the tubular section is formed and which fills it,
takes the place of the filling ordinarily placed in hollow columns or posts.
+
In practising this invention I make what is known as a box-pile or fagot, that
is to say I form a hollow box of slabs or plates of metal and place within it metal
which with the said slabs or plates is to be subsequently formed, as hereinafter

page_text: described, into the desired article. A body of sand or other equivalent refractory
material is also placed in proper relation to the metal within the pile. This sand
or refractory material is encased, preferably, in a thin sheet metal case, and it is
located in the pile and in relation to the metal contained therein with regard to
the position which it is desired that the cavity or non metallic part of the article to
be produced shall bear to the solid portions thereof. The pile is then covered with
a plate or sheet of metal and properly strapped or fastened together. It is next
heated in a furnace to a welding heat, and is then submitted to the shaping and
forming action of a train of rolls, and treated in the same manner as an ordinary
fagot would be treated in the manufacture of metal rods and bars. In drawing the
heated pile or fagot to shape the solid metallic portions thereof will remain solid
and the portion covering the sand or refractory material will be caused to take
a tubular form, the sand or refractory material remaining at the centre and acting
as a former in producing the tubular section or sections. The sand is of course
elongated with the metal as the pile or fagot is rolled out.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 represents a cross section of one form of box pile.
Figure 2 represents in longitudinal section another form thereof.
Figure 3 shows the bar or rod made from the box pile shown in Figure 1, after
it has been submitted to the action of the rolls.
Figure 4 shows the rod or bar rolled from the box pile shown in Figure 2.
Figure 5 shows a car-axle made from the rolled bar shown in Figure 3.
In Figures 1 and 2 A represents the box or casing of the pile. This box is
composed of two side pieces or plates a, a', the bottom plate a³, and the top
plate a³; B represents the metal filling of the box, the ends of which are preferably
closed by plates. C represents the body or mass of sand or other refractory
material, and c the sheet metal casing enclosing it. In figure 1 the sand or
refractory material is represented as centrally located in the box-pile or fagot,
and when thus located the bar or rod rolled therefrom will have solid metallic
ends D, D¹, as represented in Figure 3, connected by an intermediate metallic tube,
shell, or casing d of greater or less thickness according to the extent of the
reduction of the fagot or pile, and the proportion which the sand or refractory
matter bears to the metal surrounding it in the pile.
In Figure 2 the sand or refractory material instead of being centrally located in
one mass in the pile is arranged in separate bodies or masses, and the spaces
between them are filled with metal. This construction of the box-pile will produce
a bar or rod having the tubular metal sections disposed in relation to the solid
sections substantially as shewn in Figure 4, where E represents the solid portions
and the shells or tubes. Any kind of metal which may be treated as herein
described, namely by being heated to a welding heat and then rolled or otherwise
reduced to shape, may be used.
In Figure 3 the bar or rod best adapted for the manufacture of car axles is
shewn, and in Figure 5 I have represented a car axle made from the bar or rod
shewn in Figure 3. It will be seen that the said axle has the solid ends for the
wheels and solid bearings, and that the section of the axle between the bearings
comprises a shell of metal and an interior core of sand or other refractory material
about which the metal is disposed in a cylindrical form. Such a car axle is cheaper
than an ordinary axle of solid metal because containing less metal, while its
strength is increased, and the danger from crystallization is very much decreased.
I would state that by this process hollow beans and girders are made which
possess the elements of strength and cheapness of construction. Of course it will
be understood that the central core of refractory matter may be allowed to remain
or may be withdrawn.
I would also state that I do not confine my invention to the manufacture of the
articles specifically enumerated herein, but may use it for the manufacture of any
metal article where it is desired either to economize metal or cost of construction;
or to obtain increased strength, or any of these advantages,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is
First. The method of manufacturing metallic articles of alternating or successive
solid and tubular sections, and consisting in forming a box-pile or fagot with sand
or other equivalent refractory material disposed therein in such relation to the
metal as may be desired; in heating the box pile or fagot to a welding heat; and,
in reducing it to the desired form, all substantially as, and for the purposes,
described.
Second. A metal article having solid and tubular sections made from a box pile
or fagot containing a body or mass of sand or other refractory material, by heating
the metal to welding heat and reducing it to shape, all substantially as described.
Dated this 15th day of December 1885
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.