IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bellamy Payne, of Chard, in the County of
Somerset, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS."
Sealed the 4th September 1866, and dated the 14th June 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bellamy Payne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1866.
I, JOHN BELLAMY PAYNE, of Chard, in the County of Somerset, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make the fishing net machine double
acting without the use of two shuttles and with an economy of space as com-
pared with the ordinary two shuttle machine. This I effect by forming the
hooked wire or rod which performs the part of a shuttle and carries the twine
into the machine with two hooks or notches, one of which will alternately
draw in a thread or twine from one side and push in a thread or twine from
the opposite side. Two bobbins of thread or twine are provided, one at each
sido or end of the machine as heretofore, and as the rod or wire is made to
traverse to and fro by the ordinary mechanism it will as before mentioned carry

page_text: in the twine alternately from the bobbins at opposite sides of the machine and
lay it under the hooks of the sinkers or fallers, leaving it on the needles and
half legs ready to form the loop and be tied into the knot. The wire or
thread carrier may be formed in various ways to effect the desired object,
which it must be borne in mind is alternately to push and draw in the
thread or twine; for instance, the head of the wire or thread carrier may
be made with a hook and a crutch, or it may be provided with a rocking or
tumbling piece which will act alternately as a hook and crutch. The reci-
procating motion required for working this wire or thread carrier may be
obtained in the manner commonly used for the purpose. When I require to
economize space to the utmost I form the hooked rod or thread carrier of
steel wire, and I place the race or guide which receives this rod either under
or at the top of the work roller or at the front or back of the machine. This
race I form of metal, and at one end I curve it so that it shall double back
the wire or thread carrier and direct its operating end (when advancing into
the machine) above the needles and under the hooks of the fallers. This
doubling back of the wire (which the elasticity of the steel readily permits)
prevents the necessity for drawing the wire straight out of the machine as
heretofore, and thus space at the end or side of the machine for this move-
ment will not be required. This elastic or flexible thread carrier may be
adapted to the ordinary machines with facility, and wires or thread carriers
of the usual construction may be made of steel wire, and thus admit of being
directed into the machine by means of curved guides as above mentioned.
The slur cock for operating the fallers or sinkers may for convenience be
worked from one end or side of the machine, the reciprocating or to-and-fro
motion being effected by means of double ratchet wheels at that end of the
machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bellamy Payne in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BELLAMY PAYNE, of Chard, in the County of Somerset, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the

page_text: said John Bellamy Payne, Her special licence that I, the said John Bellamy
Payne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said.
John Bellamy Payne, my executors, administrators, and assigns, shoul
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISHING AND OTHER NETS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Bellamy Payne,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Bellamy Payne, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
The object of this Invention is to make fishing net machines double acting
without the necessity of using two shuttles, and with an economy of space as
compared with the ordinary two shuttle machines. This I effect by forming
the hooked wire or rod which performs the part of a shuttle and carries the
twine into the machine with two hooks or notches, one of which will alter-
nately draw in a thread or twine from one side and push in a thread or twine
from the opposite side. Two bobbins of thread or twine are provided, one
at each side of the machine as heretofore, and as the rod or wire is made to
traverse to and fro by the ordinary mechanism it will as before mentioned
carry in the twine alternately from these bobbins at opposite sides of the
machine and lay it under the hook of the sinkers or fallers, leaving it on the
needles and half legs ready to form the loop and be tied into the knot. The
wire or thread carrier may be formed in various ways to effect the desired
object.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn in Sheet I. at Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, and 5, five different forms of thread carrier, each of which is capable
either of pushing forward or drawing in the thread.
It must be borne in mind that the object is alternately to push and draw
in the thread or twine; for instance, the head of the wire or thread carrier

page_text: may be made with a hook 1 and a crutch 2, as shewn at Fig. 1, or it may be
provided with a rocking or tumbling piece 3 which will act alternately as
a hook and crutch, as shewn at Fig. 2; in Fig. 3 the position of the hook 1
and crutch 2 are reversed; Fig. 4 is a modification of Fig. 8, and Fig. 5 is
a modification of Fig. 1. The reciprocating motion required for working
these wires or thread carriers may be obtained in the manner commonly used
for the purpose.
It will now be understood that by means of the improvement just described
I am enabled either to use the thread carrier alternately to push in the thread
from a bobbin on one side of the machine and draw in another thread from
another bobbin on the opposite side of the machine, or I may make the
amachine single acting, that is, to push in a thread always from the same side
of the machine or draw in a thread always from the opposite side. By means
of these facilities of working in either of the three ways just explained
different colored threads may be introduced, and (in the manufacture of fancy
nets) a varied and improved appearance may be given to the work. When
I require to economize space to the utmost I form the hooked rod or thread
carrier of steel wire, and I place the race or guide which receives this rod
either under or at the top of the work roller or at the front or back of the
machine.
Fig. 6, Sheet II., is a partial front elevation, and Fig. 7 an end elevation of
a machine with this improvement adapted thereto. The shuttle race a or
guide is in this instance formed of metal, and is curved at one end so that
it shall double back the wire or thread carrier b, b, and direct its operating
end (when advancing into the machine) above the needles and under the
hooks of the fallers, this doubling back of the wire 6 (which the elasticity
of the steel readily permits) avoids the necessity for drawing the wire straight
out of the machine as heretofore, and the space at the end or side of the
machine for this movement will not therefore be required.
Fig. 7, Sheet I., represents the upper end or nozzle of the thread carrier
guide a shewing one of the double-bearded thread carriers projecting therefrom.
This elastic or flexible thread carrier with its curved race or guide may be
adapted to the ordinary machines with facility, and wires or thread carriers
of the usual construction may be made of steel wire and thus admit of being
directed into the machine by means of the curved guides as above men-
tioned.
In Fig. 6 a is the curved guide which I prefer to construct of iron and in
this instance is placed vertically and receives the elastic wire or thread carrier
b. which is secured at its lower end to a travelling or reciprocating cord or

page_text: chain c, which passes round guide rollers d, d, and over the large pulley e to
which it is securely attached at some point of its periphery. This large
pulley is actuated by means of a band, chain, or cord f, which is secured at
one end to a pulley on the axle of the pulley e, and after passing over a guide
pulley g, and under a tension pulley h is secured as at 1 to some part of the
framing. The tension pulley h is fixed on or to the side of the treadle lever i
and therefore when the latter is depressed by the foot of the workman or
by a cam or tappet of the machine, when it is worked by power, the guide
pulley g and cord f will be pulled in the direction of the arrows. The large
pulley e and its cord or chain will also be pulled in the direction of the arrows
marked thereon, and consequently the thread carrier will be shot forward
across the machine and be made either to push or carry in with it a thread
from the same side of the machine, or the beard or hook at the end of the
carrier will catch hold of and draw from the other side a thread that may
be placed thereon. Of course it will be understood that as before stated
the thread may be carried in from either side of the machine, or it may be'
introduced alternately first from one side and then from the other as already
explained. The reverse or return motion of the thread carrier is effected by
means of the weighted cord j which when the treadle lever i is released' will
pull back the pulleys and cords in the opposite direction to that indicated by
the arrows, and will bring the several parts back again into the position shewn
in the Drawing. The slurcock for operating the fallers is worked from one
end of the machine either by means of a mangle motion, or a rack and
pinion motion actuated by a treadle lever, or by a cam when the machine is
to be worked by power. In Fig. 6 is the treadle lever to which is jointed
by its lower end the vertical rack which gears into and drives a pinion,
shewn in the Drawing by dots at Fig. 6, and on an enlarged scale in plan at
Fig. 8, Sheet I. This rack gears into and drives a pinion m mounted loosely
on a rocking shaft n, which at its other end carries a mangle pinion or wheel o
which gears into a mangle rack p on the face wheel p', as seen best in the
front view Fig. 9. Behind the pinion m and mounted fast on the rocking
shaft n is a plate n¹ provided with an internal ratchet wheel. The pinion m
carries a click which takes into the teeth of this ratchet wheel but slips over
them as the pinion is rotated by the depression through the treadle of the
rack which is weighted above by a lever and weight 9 on the long boss q"
mounted on a stud fixed in the framing. It will now be understood that
by depressing the treadle lever k and thereby lifting up the rack the pinion
in on the rocking shaft n will be rotated and will carry round with it the
click which slips over the teeth of the ratchet wheel on the face plate n', but

page_text: when the treadle lever or its equivalent is released the weight q, Fig. 6, will
act upon and force down the rack 1, and by means of the click will carry
round the ratchet wheel and plate n', and with it the rocking shaft n, on the
end of which is the mangle pinion o, which gears into and drives the mangle
rack or wheel p. On the boss of this wheel is fixed the spur wheel q², which
gears into and drives a pinion r on the axle of the pulleys which works the
slurcocks and causes them to run across the machine as is well known.
and I, and
means of a
is raised by
Fig. 10 is a side view and Fig. 11 a front elevation of another mode of
working the slurcocks. In this instance there is a double rack
two pinions m and m' which are thrown in and out of gear by
clutch t which is operated by a tappet lever. When the rack
depressing the treadle lever or its equivalent it will come against a pro-
jection on the side of the tappet lever and will throw the clutch over and into
gear with one of the rack pinions; the weighted lever above will then work
the slurcocks over to the opposite side of the machine. On descending the
other rack will act on the other side of the tappet lever, or on a separate
tappet lever, and will throw the clutch into gear with the other pinion, when
the slurcocks will be driven back again and so on alternately from side to
side. It will be seen on referring to Fig. 6 that there are two pulleys for
working the slurcocks, one at each end of the machine, and if the machine is
double acting, that is, if the thread is introduced alternately from both sides
of the machine the slurcocks must run to and fro alternately in opposite
directions, but if the thread is always introduced from the same side of the
machine the slurcocks and pulleys must always rotate and proceed in the same
direction, so that the slurcocks may run in the same direction as that in
which the thread is introduced. When the thread is introduced into the
work by being pushed in, instead of being drawn in, I find it advisable to
give increased gate room for the passage of the thread carrier through the
loop; this is effected in a very simple manner, as shewn in the enlarged
sectional view, Fig. 12, Sheet I., of these working parts. The needles on
which the loops are formed are seen at u, and the books at v. In order to
increase the size of the loop the hook bar has an extra forward motion given
to it, and in order to prevent the thread from slipping back on the book when
this motion takes place a small crutch is made under the book for the purpose
of carrying the work forward while the loop is held by the needle. By means
of this additional forward motion of the hooks a larger loop is formed and
ample room is left for the passage of the thread carrier.
Having now described my Invention of improvements in machinery for
the manufacture of fishing and other nets, and having explained the manner

page_text: of carrying the same into effect, I would observe that although in order to
avoid unnecessary complexity in the Drawing I have shewn the treadle
levers for actuating the thread carriers and slurcocks as being operated by
the foot of the workman, I sometimes propose to effect this object by
mechanical means, that is, to depress the levers by a cam motion as will be
well understood by any intelligent mechanic, I therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,-
First, the use of double-bearded tbread carriers for introducing the thread
from either side of the machine, either by pushing it in or drawing it in or
from both sides of the machine alternately by pushing and drawing; I also
claim the use of flexible thread carriers made of steel wire or otherwise so
that they may be bent round in a curved guide as shown in order to economise
space.
Lastly, I claim the mode herein set forth of working or actuating the slur-
cocks.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bellamy Payne, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
תעות
J. B. PA
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INE. (..)