IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO GRATES, AND IN THE MODE OF FIXING THE SAME
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Young, of 34, Queen Street, Cheapside,
in the City of London, Lamp Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO GRATES, AND IN THE MODE OF
FIXING THE SAME."
Sealed the 10th August 1866, and dated the 13th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1866.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of 34, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO GRATES, AND IN THE MODE
OF FIXING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object an increased facility in setting or fixing
grates, and an improved mode of applying air to the same. For these purposes
a template of the size adapted for each grate, and constructed as herein-
after stated, is fixed securely into the solid brickwork, and the grate is
afterwards fixed on to the template. The template is constructed in the
form of an iron frame with cross bars or otherwise, so as to leave spaces
through which the new brickwork can be filled into the hollow at the back
of the grate (corresponding with the form of the back plate of the grate)
after the template has been fixed. Then the plate of the grate is screwed

page_text: or otherwise firmly secured as required to the previously fixed-template.
By this arrangement the template being originally fixed and cramped into
the solid brickwork and its spaces filled in by new brickwork, forms a
foundation or back to receive the back plate of the grate, which may be
readily fixed thereto as required by screws or otherwise. The grate may
also be readily detached from the template when required, and the template
itself may also be removed from the solid brick work by withdrawing there-
from the cramps by which it was originally secured thereto. When the
grate is required to be fixed, so as to cause a current of air in divided
streams to act on the combustible gases at the mouth of the flue or flues,
the back plate is fixed to the template with a space or chamber between
them, into which the air is allowed to enter through apertures formed in
the lower part of the said plate, and the air is prevented from passing
upwards by a horizontal plate or bar of the width or thickness of the said
space or chamber, but is directed on to the gases at the mouth of the flue
or flues by its passing through a series of small apertures in a perforated
plate. By this means the air as it enters the chamber from the room is
caused to pass through the holes in the plate which is formed round the
mouth of the flue or flues, and thereby to act in divided streams on the
combustible gases as they are evolved from the fuel by the heat of the
fire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th August 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
YOUNG, of 34, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Lamp
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Young, Her special licence that I,
the said William Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Young, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,

page_text: should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO GRATES, AND
IN THE MODE OF FIXING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said William Young, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
'
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Young, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of " Improvements in and applicable to Grates, and in
the Mode of Fixing the same," has for its object an increased facility in
setting or fixing grates, and an improved mode of applying air to the same.
For these purposes a template of the size adapted for each grate constructed
is herein-after described is fixed securely into the solid brickwork, and the
grate is afterwards fixed on to the template. The template is constructed
in the form of an iron frame with cross bars or otherwise, so as to leave
spaces through which the new brickwork can be filled into the hollows at
the back of the grate (corresponding with the form of the back plate of
the grate) after the template has been fixed; then the back plate of the
grate is screwed or otherwise firmly secured as required to the previously
fixed template. By this arrangement the template being originally fixed
and cramped, or otherwise secured into the solid brickwork, and its spaces
filled in by new brick work or concrete, a foundation or backing is formed
to receive the back of the grate, the plate thereof being readily fixed
thereto by screws or otherwise. The grate may also be readily detached
from the template when required, and the template itself may also be
removed from the solid brickwork by withdrawing therefrom the cramps
by which it was originally secured thereto. The template is sometimes
made to consist of two or more parts, one part being a permanent frame,
which is fixed by cramps into the solid brickwork as above described, and
the other part or parts being a temporary frame corresponding in form
with the back of the grate, with spaces through which the brickwork or
concrete for the backing may be fixed. In this case the temporary frame

page_text: is fixed to the permanent frame, and occupies all the central space within
the latter, and it is removed therefrom after the backing has been formed,
the plate of the grate being secured to the permanent frame as required.
When the grate is required to be fixed so as to cause a current of air in
divided streams to act on the combustible gases at the mouth of the flue
or flues, the plate of the grate is fixed to the template with a space or
chamber between them, into which the air is allowed to enter through
apertures formed in the lower part of the said plate, and the air is pre-
vented from passing upwards by a horizontal plate or bar of the width or
thickness of the said space or chamber, but is directed on to the gases at
the mouth of the flue or flues by its passing through a series of small
apertures in a perforated plate or brick. By this means the external air
as it enters the chamber through a pipe or otherwise is caused to pass
through the holes in the plate or brick, which is formed round the mouth
of the flue or flues, and thereby to act in divided streams on the com-
bustible gases as they are evolved from the fuel by the heat of the fire.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by
reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the
template and other parts above referred to.
In Sheet I., Fig. 1 is a front view of a template for an ordinary grate
intended to be permanent or built in with the brickwork; Fig. 2 is a side
view, and Fig. 3 a plan or horizontal view of the same.
A, A, is the template, which is an open skeleton frame of iron corre-
sponding in form with the back of the grate. It is composed of an outer
frame to which the plate of the grate is fixed, and an inner skeleton frame
which forms a mould or pattern for building the brickwork or concrete
foundation or backing to receive the grate. The outer frame is firmly
secured to the solid brickwork of the building by cramps, and the brick-
work or concrete foundation or backing is built in behind the template,
thereby forming a foundation or backing with cavities corresponding in
form with the back of the grate. B is a bead round the outer frame of
the template, within which bead the plate of the grate is inserted, and the
plate is securely fixed to the said frame in the manner herein-after described
or otherwise. It is intended that the bead B should be varied in width
and be used as a guage of the size of the plate.

page_text: In Sheet II., Fig. 4 is a front view of a template, composed of a per-
manent frame intended to be fixed by cramps into the solid brickwork of
the building, and a temporary skeleton frame corresponding in form with
the back of the grate intended to be removed after the brickwork or
concrete backing for the grate has been built behind it. Fig. 5 is a trans-
verse section of the same; Fig. 6 is a plan or horizontal view, and Fig. 7
is a horizontal section in the line 1, 2, of Fig. 4; Fig. 8 represents a grate
fixed to the template. In this case A is the permanent frame which is
fixed into the solid brickwork of the building by cramps, as shewn in
Figures 5 and 7. B is the temporary skeleton frame fixed to the frame A
until the brickwork or concrete foundation or backing for the grate has
been built or formed behind it in the manner represented in Fig. 7; C is
the solid brickwork of the building to which the frame A is fixed by
cramps as shewn. D is the foundation or backing for the grate, which is
built of brickwork or formed of concrete behind the skeleton frame B, as
represented. This frame B is then removed, and the plate E of the grate
is securely fixed to the permanent frame A. The mode of fixing the plate
is represented in Fig. 8, and on an enlarged scale in the detached Figures
9 and 10. A screw is passed through the plate E and inserted in the frame
A, and is secured by a drop holder F, which will prevent the plate from
leaving the frame A, even if the screw be withdrawn, until the holder has
been moved aside out of its perpendicular position. It is intended to
fasten the plate in this manner at the upper part, as shewn in Fig. 8, but
the mode of fastening the same may be varied.
In Sheet III., Figures 11 to 14 represent a template adapted to the form
required for the foundation or backing of a kitchener. Fig. 11 is a front
view of the template for the inner part of the foundation or backing;
Fig. 12 is a similar view, shewing the template as seen from the front or
outer part of the same; Fig. 13 is a horizontal section on the line 3, 4, and
Fig. 14 is a similar section on the line 5, 6, of Fig. 12. C is the solid
brickwork of the building in which the permanent frame A is securely
fixed; B is the temporary skeleton frame adapted to the form required
for the new brickwork or concrete foundation or backing D, in such a
manner as to leave the requisite spaces for the oven, fire-place, and boiler,
and also for the flues and ash holes, as shewn. In this case the permanent
frame A is built into or firmly fixed in the solid brickwork C of the
building; the several parts of the skeleton frame B are then inserted and
fixed as required in their respective places, and removed after the new
brick work or concrete foundation or backing D has been built or formed

page_text: according to the pattern or mould supplied by the outer figure of such
several parts. The foundation or backing thus built or formed will be
adapted to receive the kitchener in front of it, which will be fixed to the
permanent frame A. By this arrangement any separate part of the
kitchener may be detached and refitted if required.
The statement herein-before made with reference to the mode of fixing
grates with an air space or chamber between the template and the back of
the grate will be understood without the need of further illustration by
the aid of Drawings.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim
as of my Invention any of the parts represented and described otherwise
than as herein-after stated; but what I do claim as of my Invention is, the
adaptation and application to the purpose of fixing grates of a template or
frame firmly secured to the solid brickwork of the building, and a template
or templates, whether temporary or permanent, corresponding in form with
the back of the grate in order to serve as a guide for building or forming a
suitable foundation or backing of brick work or concrete for the grate when
fixed to the permanent template or frame as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Young, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Second day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
8, Quality Court,
Chancery Lane, W.C.
WILLIAM YOUNG. (L.S.)