IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADE COLOURED YARNS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED AND FANCY FABRICS THEREWITH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bowe Gibson, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADE COLOURED YARNS FOR AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED AND FANCY FABRICS THEREWITH."
Sealed the 27th May 1879, and dated the 5th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bowe Gibson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1878.
THOMAS BOWE GIBSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADE COLOURED
YARNS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED AND FANCY FABRICS THERE-
WITH."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of manu-
facturing shaded single-coloured thread or yarn of cotton or linen for producing the
raised, figured, or shaded parts or effects in embroidered fabrics, or of the weft or
warp parts of figured and fancy woven fabrics, as also for knitting and netting, such
as figured lace fabrics, shawls, and hosiery articles, and which gives to the said
yarn and the figured or fancy parts of these fabrics, embroidered or woven there-
with, all the pleasing shaded effect of ordinary shaded dye colours and yarn, with
a fixed colour which does not wash out or spread, as the ordinary dye colours of
yarns do.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in using the yarns in the
original colours natural or common to them when prepared in hanks or chains
ready for the ordinary bleaching or dyeing, which is not adopted under this Inven-
tion, but on the contrary by this Invention the yarns in hanks or in the chain, and
looped or hung like banks, are only partially bleached in their bleaching liquids and
vats from the full depth of the original colour at the top of the banks or loops,
where a portion is thus left the fuli tone, and shaded off gradually by bleaching to

page_text: a pure white some distance from the bottom of the hanks where a part is thus left
pure white. This new or improved shading of the yarn by bleaching it (from the
full natural tone to pure white for working the figured or fancy parts or surfaces of
embroidered or woven fabrics) may either be done intermittently and in sections,
that is, in two, three, or more divisions of the hanks and changes of time in the
bleaching process or action given to them by the intermittent or timely raising or
lowering of the hanks out of or down into the bleaching liquids, by their carrying
rods or frames over the vats made movable for the purpose; or otherwise the
frames might be made to rise or fall regularly and sequentially, that is by a constant
or regulated motion imparted to them by motive-power gearing, so as to raise or
lower all the banks of yarn in this manner slowly and regularly out of or into the
bleaching liquid; all so that in either case the time allowed within the bleaching
liquor would be sufficient to gradually bleach out the original colour in a shaded
manner from the full tone at the top to the half or quarter tones or light browns at
the middle part of the hanks, to a light cream and a pure white at the lower part
as before stated. The yarn may be shaded according to these improvements by
the present hand process by scutching or shaking the hanks loose, and hanging them
on their rods carried over the vat which contains the bleaching lime liquor; then
by the dipping process the lowest sections or parts of the hanks desired to be
perfectly white are dipped into and below the upper surface of the liquor, which
must be of such a strength at the commencement as to bleach this immersed part
completely white; the lime liquor is then reduced in strength so as to have a less
bleaching effect on the second or higher part of the hanks which is then lowered
below the surface of the liquor, so as to give a creamy shade of colour to these
parts of the hanks, and so on, each part immersed and the strength of the liquor
reduced giving or leaving an increased depth of tone or colour as it proceeds
upwards to the top of the hanks, which never being allowed to reach the liquor,
retain the full depth of their original or natural colour. But when this shading
effect is to be produced on the hanks by the reverse process of immersing them to
the full depth desired at first, then the liquor is made weakest at first, and gradually
strengthened as the hanks are raised out of the liquor, so as to lighten the shade to
the creamy and pure white near and at the lower end of the hanks, all otherwise
substantially as described. After this shade bleaching in either case the lime and
bleaching matter are washed out of the bleached parts or the yarn, and then treated
with diluted sulphuric acid, and afterwards might be washed in hot and cold water
to completely remove the chemicals as in ordinary bleaching. The yarn would
then be dried and made ready for being cut into proper lengths, or wound on to
spools or pirns for use, as thread for embroidering, or otherwise as weft or warp for
weaving or the manufacture of other fabrics, all otherwise substantially as with
other coloured or shaded thread or yarn. When desired, the hanks or loops of this
new bleached shaded yarn might be washed occasionally at the times of changing
during the said process of bleaching, to stop the further action of the bleaching
lime and liquid in the parts of the hanks lifted out of the vats, or the hanks or
loops of yarn when lifted out of the bleaching liquor may be drawn up through
between tight griping rollers, which would press out the bleaching liquors, and
prevent them rising by capillary attraction into the upper parts of the yarn not
desired to be bleached, or already sufficiently bleached. This shaded or pattern
yarn may be made in any length of hanks or loops to suit the size of figures or
design to shade them in an approximately regular or fancy manner as desired, or
the particular fancy effect or fabric desired to be worked or woven.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Bowe Gibson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th June 1879.
THOMAS BOWE GIBSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADE COLOURED
YARNS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED AND FANCY FABRICS THERE-
WITH."
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of manu-
facturing shaded single-coloured thread or yarn of cotton or linen, for producing the
raised, figured, or shaded parts or effects in embroidered fabrics, or of the weft or
warp parts of figured and fancy woven fabrics, as also for knitting and netting,
such as figured lace fabrics, shawls, and hosiery articles, and which give to the said
yarn and the figured or fancy parts of these fabrics, embroidered or woven there-
with, all the pleasing shaded effect of ordinary shaded dye colours and yarn with
a fixed colour which does not wash out or spread as the ordinary dye colours of
yarns do. And the nature of my said Invention and mode or means of performing
or putting the same into effect or practice consist all as follows:-In using the
yarns in the original colours natural or common to them when prepared in hanks
or chains ready for the ordinary bleaching or dyeing which is not adopted under
this Invention, but on the contrary by this Invention the yarns in hanks or in
the chain, and looped or hung like hanks, are only partially bleached in their
bleaching liquids and vats, from the full depth of the original colour at the top of
the hanks or loops, where a portion is thus left the full tone, and shaded off
gradually by bleaching to a pure white at some distance from the bottom of the
hanks, where a part is thus left pure white. This new or improved shading of the
yarn by bleaching it (from the full natural tone to pure white for working the
figured or fancy parts or surfaces of embroidered or woven fabrics) may either be
done intermittently and in sections, that is, in two, three, or more divisions of the
hanks or loops, and corresponding changes of time in the bleaching process or
action given to them by the intermittent or timely raising of the hanks out of or
lowering them down into the bleaching liquids by their carrying rods or frames,
carrying them over the vats, and made moveable for that purpose; or otherwise
the frames carrying the hanked or looped yarn might be made to rise or fall
regularly and sequentially, that is, by a constant or regulated motion imparted to
them by motive-power gearing, so as to raise or lower all the hanks or loops of
yarn in this manner slowly and regularly out of or lower them into the bleaching
liquid; all so that in either case, the time allowed within the bleaching liquor
would be sufficient to gradually bleach out the natural or original colour in a
shaded manner from the full tone at the top to the half or quarter tones or light
browns at the middle part of the hanks, to a light cream and a pure white at the
lower part as before stated. The yarn may be shaded according to these improve-
ments by the present hand process by scutching or shaking the hanks loose, and
hanging them on their rods carried over the vat which contains the bleaching lime
liquor; then by the dipping process the lowest sections or parts of the hanks
desired to be perfectly white are dipped into and below the upper surface of the
liquor, which must be of such a strength at the commencement as to bleach this
immersed part completely white; the lime liquor is then reduced in strength so as
to have a less bleaching effect on the second section or higher part of the hanks,
which is then lowered below the surface of the liquor, so as to give a creamy shade
of colour to these parts of the hanks, and so on for each part or section immersed,
and the strength of the liquor reduced giving or leaving an increased depth of tone
or colour as it proceeds upwards to the top of the hanks, which never being allowed
to reach the liquor, retain the full depth of their original or natural colour: But
when this shading and effect is to be produced on the hanks by the reverse process

page_text: of immersing them to the full depth desired at first, then the liquor is made
weakest at first, and gradually strengthened as the hanks are raised out of the
liquor, so as to lighten the shade to the creamy and pure white near and at the
lower end of the hanks, all otherwise substantially as described; and it will be
obvious also that either of these modes of effecting this new or improved shading of
the banks or loops by their immersion or withdrawal from the bleaching liquor
may be effected in a gradual and regular manner, as well as intermittently as
described. After this shade bleaching in either case the lime and bleaching matter
are washed out of the bleached parts or the yarn, and then treated with diluted
sulphuric acid, when they may be afterwards washed in hot and cold water, to
completely remove the chemicals as in ordinary bleaching. The yarn would then
be dried and made ready for being cut into proper lengths, or wound on to spools
or pirns for use, as thread for embroidering or otherwise, as weft or warp for
weaving, or the manufacture of other fabrics, all otherwise substantially as with
other ordinary dye coloured or shaded thread or yarn. When desired, the hanks or
loops of this new bleached shaded yarn might be washed occasionally at the times
of changing during the said process of bleaching, to stop the further action of the
bleaching lime and liquid in the parts of the hanks lifted out of the vats; or the
hanks or loops of yarn when lifted out of the bleaching liquor may be drawn up
through between tight griping rollers which would press out the bleaching liquors,
and prevent them rising by capillary attraction into the upper parts of the yarn not
desired to be bleached or already sufficiently bleached. This shaded or pattern yarn
may be made in any length of hanks or loops, to suit the size of figures or design
to shade them in an approximately regular or fancy manner as desired, for the
particular fancy effect and fabric to be worked or woven with this new. or improved
shaded yarn.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and mode of performing
or putting it into effect or practice, I would observe in conclusion that what I'
consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-The manufacture of shade
coloured yarns by dip bleaching in hanks or loops for and in the manufacture of
figured and fancy fabrics therewith.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bowe Gibson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
T. B. GIBSON. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bowe Gibson, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADE COLOURED YARNS FOR AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED AND FANCY FABRICS THEREWITH."
Sealed the 27th May 1879, and dated the 5th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bowe Gibson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1878.
THOMAS BOWE GIBSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADE COLOURED
YARNS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED AND FANCY FABRICS THERE-
WITH."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of manu-
facturing shaded single-coloured thread or yarn of cotton or linen for producing the
raised, figured, or shaded parts or effects in embroidered fabrics, or of the weft or
warp parts of figured and fancy woven fabrics, as also for knitting and netting, such
as figured lace fabrics, shawls, and hosiery articles, and which gives to the said
yarn and the figured or fancy parts of these fabrics, embroidered or woven there-.
with, all the pleasing shaded effect of ordinary shaded dye colours and yarn, with
a fixed colour which does not wash out or spread, as the ordinary dye colours of
yarns do.
And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist in using the yarns in the
original colours natural or common to them when prepared in hanks or chains
ready for the ordinary bleaching or dyeing, which is not adopted under this Inven-
tion, but on the contrary by this Invention the yarns in hanks or in the chain, and
looped or hung like hanks, are only partially bleached in their bleaching liquids and
vats from the full depth of the original colour at the top of the hanks or loops,
where a portion is thus left the full tone, and shaded off gradually by bleaching to

page_text: a pure white some distance from the bottom of the hanks where a part is thus left
pure white. This new or improved shading of the yarn by bleaching it (from the
full natural tone to pure white for working the figured or fancy parts or surfaces of
embroidered or woven fabrics) may either be done intermittently and in sections,
that is, in two, three, or more divisions of the hanks and changes of time in the
bleaching process or action given to them by the intermittent or timely raising or
lowering of the hanks out of or down into the bleaching liquids, by their carrying
rods or frames over the vats made movable for the purpose; or otherwise the
frames might be made to rise or fall regularly and sequentially, that is by a constant
or regulated motion imparted to them by motive-power gearing, so as to raise or
lower all the hanks of yarn in this manner slowly and regularly out of or into the
bleaching liquid; all so that in either case the time allowed within the bleaching
liquor would be sufficient to gradually bleach out the original colour in a shaded
manner from the full tone at the top to the half or quarter tones or light browns at
the middle part of the hanks, to a light cream and a pure white at the lower part
as before stated. The yarn may be shaded according to these improvements by
the present hand process by scutching or shaking the hanks loose, and hanging them
on their rods carried over the vat which contains the bleaching lime liquor; then
by the dipping process the lowest sections or parts of the hanks desired to be
perfectly white are dipped into and below the upper surface of the liquor, which
must be of such a strength at the commencement as to bleach this immersed part
completely white; the lime liquor is then reduced in strength so as to have a less
bleaching effect on the second or higher part of the hanks which is then lowered
below the surface of the liquor, so as to give a creamy shade of colour to these
parts of the hanks, and so on, each part immersed and the strength of the liquor
reduced giving or leaving an increased depth of tone or colour as it proceeds
upwards to the top of the hanks, which never being allowed to reach the liquor,
retain the full depth of their original or natural colour. But when this shading
effect is to be produced on the hanks by the reverse process of immersing them to
the full depth desired at first, then the liquor is made weakest at first, and gradually
strengthened as the hanks are raised out of the liquor, so as to lighten the shade to
the creamy and pure white near and at the lower end of the hanks, all otherwise
substantially as described. After this shade bleaching in either case the lime and
bleaching matter are washed out of the bleached parts or the yarn, and then treated
with diluted sulphuric acid, and afterwards might be washed in hot and cold water
to completely remove the chemicals as in ordinary bleaching. The yarn would
then be dried and made ready for being cut into proper lengths, or wound on to
spools or pirns for use, as thread for embroidering, or otherwise as weft or warp for
weaving or the manufacture of other fabrics, all otherwise substantially as with
other coloured or shaded thread or yarn. When desired, the hanks or loops of this
new bleached shaded yarn might be washed occasionally at the times of changing
during the said process of bleaching, to stop the further action of the bleaching
lime and liquid in the parts of the hanks lifted out of the vats, or the hanks or
loops of yarn when lifted out of the bleaching liquor may be drawn up through
between tight griping rollers, which would press out the bleaching liquors, and
prevent them rising by capillary attraction into the upper parts of the yarn not
desired to be bleached, or already sufficiently bleached. This shaded or pattern
yarn may be made in any length of hanks or loops to suit the size of figures or
design to shade them in an approximately regular or fancy manner as desired, or
the particular fancy effect or fabric desired to be worked or woven.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Bowe Gibson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th June 1879.
THOMAS BOWE GIBSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHADE COLOURED
YARNS FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED AND FANCY FABRICS THERE-
WITH."
My said Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of manu-
facturing shaded single-coloured thread or yarn of cotton or linen, for producing the
raised, figured, or shaded parts or effects in embroidered fabrics, or of the weft or
warp parts of figured and fancy woven fabrics, as also for knitting and netting,
such as figured lace fabrics, shawls, and hosiery articles, and which give to the said
yarn and the figured or fancy parts of these fabrics, embroidered or woven there-
with, all the pleasing shaded effect of ordinary shaded dye colours and yarn with
a fixed colour which does not wash out or spread as the ordinary dye colours of
yarns do. And the nature of my said Invention and mode or means of performing
or putting the same into effect or practice consist all as follows:-In using the
yarns in the original colours natural or common to them when prepared in hanks
or chains ready for the ordinary bleaching or dyeing which is not adopted under
this Invention, but on the contrary by this Invention the yarns in hanks or in
the chain, and looped or hung like hanks, are only partially bleached in their
bleaching liquids and vats, from the full depth of the original colour at the top of
the hanks or loops, where a portion is thus left the full tone, and shaded off
gradually by bleaching to a pure white at some distance from the bottom of the
hanks, where a part is thus left pure white. This new or improved shading of the
yarn by bleaching it (from the full natural tone to pure white for working the
figured or fancy parts or surfaces of embroidered or woven fabrics) may either be
done intermittently and in sections, that is, in two, three, or more divisions of the
hanks or loops, and corresponding changes of time in the bleaching process or
action given to them by the intermittent or timely raising of the hanks out of or
lowering them down into the bleaching liquids by their carrying rods or frames,
carrying them over the vats, and made moveable for that purpose; or otherwise
the frames carrying the hanked or looped yarn might be made to rise or fall
regularly and sequentially, that is, by a constant or regulated motion imparted to
them by motive-power gearing, so as to raise or lower all the hanks or loops of
yarn in this manner slowly and regularly out of or lower them into the bleaching
liquid; all so that in either case, the time allowed within the bleaching liquor
would be sufficient to gradually bleach out the natural or original colour in a
shaded manner from the full tone at the top to the half or quarter tones or light
browns at the middle part of the hanks, to a light cream and a pure white at the
lower part as before stated. The yarn may be shaded according to these improve-
ments by the present hand process by scutching or shaking the hanks loose, and
hanging them on their rods carried over the vat which contains the bleaching lime
liquor; then by the dipping process the lowest sections or parts of the banks
desired to be perfectly white are dipped into and below the upper surface of the
liquor, which must be of such a strength at the commencement as to bleach this
immersed part completely white; the lime liquor is then reduced in strength so as .
to have a less bleaching effect on the second section or higher part of the hanks,
which is then lowered below the surface of the liquor, so as to give a creamy shade
of colour to these parts of the hanks, and so on for each part or section immersed,
and the strength of the liquor reduced giving or leaving an increased depth of tone
or colour as it proceeds upwards to the top of the hanks, which never being allowed
to reach the liquor, retain the full depth of their original or natural colour. But
when this shading and effect is to be produced on the hanks by the reverse process

page_text: of immersing them to the full depth desired at first, then the liquor is made
weakest at first, and gradually strengthened as the hanks are raised out of the
liquor, so as to lighten, the shade to the creamy and pure white near and at the
lower end of the hanks, all otherwise substantially as described; and it will be
obvious also that either of these modes of effecting this new or improved shading of
the hanks or loops by their immersion or withdrawal from the bleaching liquor
may be effected in a gradual and regular manner, as well as intermittently as
described. After this shade bleaching in either case the lime and bleaching matter
are washed out of the bleached parts or the yarn, and then treated with diluted
sulphuric acid, when they may be afterwards washed in hot and cold water, to
completely remove the chemicals as in ordinary bleaching. The yarn would then
be dried and made ready for being cut into proper lengths, or wound on to spools
or pirns for use, as thread for embroidering or otherwise, as weft or warp for
weaving, or the manufacture of other fabrics, all otherwise substantially as with
other ordinary dye coloured or shaded thread or yarn. When desired, the hanks or
loops of this new bleached shaded yarn might be washed occasionally at the times
of changing during the said process of bleaching, to stop the further action of the
bleaching lime and liquid in the parts of the hanks lifted out of the vats; or the
hanks or loops of yarn when lifted out of the bleaching liquor may be drawn up
through between tight griping rollers which would press out the bleaching liquors,
and prevent them rising by capillary attraction into the upper parts of the yarn not
desired to be bleached or already sufficiently bleached. This shaded or pattern yarn
may be made in any length of hanks or loops, to suit the size of figures or design
to shade them in an approximately regular or fancy manner as desired, for the
particular fancy effect and fabric to be worked or woven with this new or improved
shaded yarn.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and mode of performing
or putting it into effect or practice, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-The manufacture of shade
coloured yarns by dip bleaching in hanks or loops for and in the manufacture of
figured and fancy fabrics therewith.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bowe Gibson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
W. R. M. THOMSON,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
T. B. GIBSON. (L.S.)