The use of Sugar in the Manufacture of Fire-clay Goods.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1889
Complete Specification Loft, 10th Nov., 1900 Accepted, 1st Fob 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
The use of Sugar in the Manufacture of Fire-clay Goods.
GEORGE PALIN Joiner Kidsgrove near Stoke on Trent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows
-
For the Improvement in the manufacture of all Fire Clay Goods by adding Sugar
to a compound descibed in chemisty as sillıca and allumina for the manufacture
seggars or saggars used in the firing of earthenware crucibles for melting or
carbonising all kind metals brick for the constructing of furnaces, gas, retorts, and
pots for melting glass
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
The use of Sugar in the Manufacture of Fire-clay Goods.
I GEORGE PALIN, Joiner of Kidsgrove near Stoke on Trent in the County of
Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
-
This Invention relates to the production of improved compounds especially
applicable to the manufacture of fire bricks furnace and cupola linings, retorts,
crucibles muffles, saggars, floor and roofing tiles, fire proof safes and for general use
where a high degree of fire resisting quality is required It consists essentially in
the application and use in the production of such compounds and products of Sugar
in combination with silex or silica and with alumina For purposes of economy in
the production of such compounds I prefer to use as the base thereof.
Any suitable natural products containing silex or silica and alumina, in respectively
sufficient abundance to be of utility for the purpose of the invention.
Among the most serviceable of such substances is strong silicious sand of the
kind found principally in the limestone districts of Derbyshire and Staffordshire and
commonly known as gannister sand or fire clay, and which usually contains from
about 60 per cent. to a somewhat higher percentage of silica and from about 9
to 10 per cent of alumira, together with small quantities of water and other matters
which are mostly eliminated in the following treatment and do not materially affect
the fire resisting qualities of the product, as such relative proportions of silica and
alumina are approximately those which are of most advantage when used for the
purpose of the invention in combination with Sugar herein described.
Bricks of fire clay as hitherto prepared from such material possess serious dis-
advantages, being lacking in homogenity and liable to speedy disintegration when
subjected to any considerable superincumbent weight, as when used in the
construction of the lower parts of furnace linings, and hence are comparatively
valueless.
According to the present improvement I avoid such defects, and am enabled to
produce a homogeneous plastic compound containing a high percentage of silica and
which can be worked or moulded into any desired shapes, and a product practically
indestructable after the manner of asbestos, which will bear without liability of
disintegration sudden changes of extreme temperature, and intense pressure, and will
be especially applicable to such uses as aforesaid.
In carrying out the invention into effect 1 find the most satisfactory results are
attained when the silica, alumina and sugar are in about the following quantities by
weight-silica 85 per cent, alumina 12 per cent, Sugar 3 per cent so to a silicious

page_text: sand containing about such proportions of silica and alumina I add about 3 per cent.
of Sugar commonly known as raw or unrefined Sugar extracted from beet root or
Sugar cane
The admixture is thoroughly well incorporated by any suitable mechanical or
other means in order to effect an equable distribution of the Sugar in the mass,
from which fire bricks or other articles may be pressed or moulded in the usual
way by any suitable machinery or by hand and may then be baked or dried in the
ordinary way the resultant product attendant upon the combination of the Sugar,
silicia and alumina, being extremely homogenous and possessing considerably greater
fire resisting qualities than silica possesses alone or in any combination alone with
alumina.
If the said sand or clay is used in a state containing its natural proportion of
moisture, the above materials may be compounded without any added water but if
such sand or clay is used in a dry state 1 then prefer to add to the compound
sufficient water to render it sufficiently plastic to allow of its being thoroughly well
worked.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is-
The application and use, for the production of fire resisting compounds and
products, of Sugar in combination with silex or silica and with alumina
Dated this Eighteenth day of November One thousand eight hundred and eighty
Witness,
S. H. WATTON,
Burslem.
GEORGE PALIN.