Improvements in Earth-boring and Drilling Machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 11th May, 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Earth-boring and Drilling Machines.
I; WALTER EDWARD EVERITT, of 527 South Division Street, Buffalo, in the
County of Erie, and State of New York, Manufacturer of Horse Shoes and Iron
Work, in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to certain improvements in machines for boring at any angle
into the earth, under or across a street, for instance, or for other purposes, and it
will be fully and clearly hereinafter described and claimed, reference being had to
the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Fig. 1, is a side elevation of the machine complete, a vertical longitudinal section
being cut through the base in or about line a a, Fig. 4.
Fig. 2, is a detached front elevation of the ratchet gear, ratchet pawl, and
removable arm for operating it.
Fig. 3, is a top plan view of the machine complete, showing the upper half of the
screw-bar supporting box open.
Fig. 4, is a vertical transverse section in or about line b. b, Fig. 1, cutting
through the base, and showing a front elevation of the vertical supporting frame
piece.
Fig. 5, is a detached front elevation of the intermittingly operating gear.
Fig. 6, is an enlarged rear end view of one of the auger bars, all parts beyond
the section being omitted, showing the open end of the bar and substantially its
form.
Fig. 7, represents a vertical cross section through the base of the machine in or
about line cc, Fig. 1, showing a front elevation of the forward supporting frame
piece, the gearing being omitted.
Fig. 8, is a side elevation of one of the auger-bars, showing a portion of another
bar connected thereto.
Referring to the drawings in detail, 1 represents the base of the machine.
It is preferably constructed of iron and is provided with a raised portion
extending lengthwise at each side 2 and 2º, on the top of the portions 2 and 2,
is secured by bolts 3, a flat strip 4, thereby leaving a sliding groove 5, in
which the supporting pieces of the upright frames slide, see Fig. 1, also
Figs. 4 and 7.
In the longitudinal center of the base is a strip of half round iron 6, secured
with its flat face down on the base by bolts or other well known means, the use of
which will appear further on.
The upright frame pieces 7 and 8, are preferably made of wrought iron, but any
well known suitable material may be used. The frame 7, is provided with two
elongated or oral openings, 9 and 10, and with laterally projecting foot pieces 11,
which project into slideways or grooves 5, to support the frame in a vertical
position and allow it to slide freely in said grooves. At the base of the
frame piece 7, is a roller 12, the face of which rests on the top of the half
round bar 6, and travels back and forth on it as the piece 7, is moved in either
direction.
The front vertical supporting frame piéce 8, is also provided with laterally
extending feet 11, that fit in and move in the slideways 5, and with a roller 12,
adanted to roll along on the half round bar 6.

page_text: The rollers 12, are each mounted on a shaft or pivotal DOIL 15, so as to vuru
freely thereon.
At each side of the frame piece is a connecting-bar 14, secured to them by
bolts 13, thereby securely connecting the two frame pieces near the base.
In the front frame piece is fitted three boxes 15-16 and 17, see Fig. 7, all of
which are connected together by links or connecting pieces 18-18°.
At the top of the frame 8, is a cap 19, secured thereto by bolts 19. In this
cap is a screw threaded piece 20, and hand wheel 21, at its upper end, and an
enlarged head 22, (shown by dotted lines) at the lower end secured in place to the
box 15, by a plate 23, (see Fig. 7) in the well known way so that while it is free to
turn easily it cannot draw away from the box. This construction enables the
operator to raise or lower all of the boxes 15-16 and 17, at the same time by
turning the hand wheel 21.
The screw bar 24, is mounted in the box 17, in the frame piece 8, and its
rear end passes through the opening 10, in the frame piece 7. The screw threaded
portion 24, of the bar 24, extends from the point 25, to the collar 26.
At the front of the base 1, is rigidly secured an upright supporting piece 26*, in
the upper part of which is mounted a sleeve formed in two halves 27 and 27, so as
to have a slight longitudinal movement and is held with a yielding force by a rubber
spring 28, also made in two halves.
The upper half of the sleeve is hinged to the lower half by a pin 29, (see Fig. 3)
and is kept to its place by a screw thumb-nut 30, or other well known means,
(see Fig. 1). The interior of the sleeve 27-27", is provided with a screw thread 31,
adapted to fit the screw thread 24º.
Near the end of the screw bar 24, at the rear, is rigidly secured a collar 32, and
between the collar 32 and the box 17, is a rubber spring 33.
On the screw bar is rigidly secured a gear wheel 34. Above the screw bar is
mounted in the box 16, of the frame piece 8, and the opening 9, of the frame piece 7,
a shaft 35. At the forward end of the shaft 35, is secured a gear wheel 36, and at
the front of the gear wheel 36, is rigidly secured a larger gear wheel 37. the gear
wheel 36, gears in with the gear wheel 34.
A stud 38, is secured to or forms a part of the box 15, and on the said stud 38,
is loosely mounted a pinion 40 adapted to gear in with the wheel 37, and to the face
of the wheel 40, is rigidly secured a crank and handle 41, by which the machine is
operated as will more clearly appear further on.
To the top of the rear frame piece 7, is pivoted by a pin 42, the handle 43, of a
hammer 44, having a forwardly projecting bracket carrying a friction roller 45,
see Fig. 1.
At the end of the shaft 35, is rigidly secured by a set screw 35, (that can be
easily loosened when required) a propeller shaped double cam, the inclined sides of
the blades 46, of which, as they pass the friction roller 45, during their rotation,
impart a reciprocating swinging motion to the hammer 44, which strikes the
end 47, of the screw bar 24, so as to drive the drill forward by a blow when
drilling through rock.
In Fig. 6 I have shown one of the auger-bars (the one having the drill at the
end) the intermediate bars are each provided with a socket 48, at its rear end and
a reduced slightly tapering projection 49, at its forward end, adapted to fit in the
socket and is kept in place securely by a pin or screw bolt 50.
The socket 48, and projecting portion 49, are made as flat as possible consistent
with the required strength so as to interfere as little as possible with the continuity
of the screw form of the auger-bar. If desired the intermediate auger bars may
be plain tubes of ordinary gas pipe, but for many purposes the form shown in
Fig. 8, answers a good purpose.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-
By turning the crank 41, motion is transmitted to the gear wheels 37, and 36,
and from the gear wheel 36, motion is given to the gear wheel 34 and to the screw-
bar 24. thereby onerating the drill.

page_text: The screw bar being in gear with the screw threaded box or sleeve 27—27ª,
causes the drill to move forward and draw the carriage or supporting frame and its
several parts along at the same time.
"
When the full length of the auger bar, or nearly its full length has advanced
into the earth, the pin or bolt 50, is removed, the upper portion 27%, of the screw
sleeve is opened, the crank or hand wheel 21, is then turned so as to lift the screw
bar above the screw threaded portion 31, sufficiently to allow the supporting frame
to be pushed back far enough to allow another length of auger bar to be put on
and secured, the operation is then repeated.
During the above operation, the set screw 35*, has been loosened so as to allow
the shaft to turn freely without turning the cam, the hammer therefore does not
operate in this instance, but when drilling into rock or shale it is sometimes
desirable to use the hammer, which is done by tightening the set screw 35° and
thereby bringing the cam into action. When the rock or other material is too
hard for the speed of the auger-bar as used in boring through soft earth, the gear
wheel 34, may be disengaged from the screw-bar 24 by loosening the set screw 51,
see Fig. 1, and thereby allow the gear wheel to turn without turning the screw
bar 24. It will be noticed that the base 1, is pivoted to a frame piece 61, at 62,
(see Fig. 1,) so that it is made adjustable by the set screws 63. The object of this
construction is to provide a ready means for adjusting the boring tool to any angle
it is desired to bore into the earth.
The force of the hammer 44, may be increased if required by means of a
spring 53, as shown in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 2 I have shown a front view of the wheel 37, it is depressed in the center
and provided with a series of gear teeth 54. The shaft 35, on which the gear
wheel is secured, projects out far enough to receive an arm or lever 55, having a
pawl 56, pivoted thereto.
The lever 55, when in place, is secured by a pin 57, see Fig. 2, where this is
shown. It is therefore easily removed.
The object of this construction is that, when from the nature of the earth or
rock, more power is required to operate the machine, in which case, the handle 41,
is removed and the pawl and ratchet device is put on and used in its place, which
construction gives a longer leverage.
While operating in rock or hard material, a slower and intermittent feed may be
given to the screw-bar by means of the gear wheels 58 and 59, (as shown in
Figs. 1-3 and 5). By means of these gear wheels the feed is given immediately
after the blow has been struck by the hammer.
To bring the gear into action, all that is required is to loosen the set-screw 51,
(shown in Fig. 1) and tighten the set-screw 60, also shown in said Fig. 1. When it
is desired to throw the intermittent feed out of action, all that is necessary to do
is to loosen the set-screw 60, and move the wheel 59, to one side so as to be out of
gear with the wheel 58.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an earth boring machine, the combination with a screw bar connected with
the carriage or frame at its rear end, and mounted in vertically movable boxes
located in the supporting frame and connected together by connecting bars, at
its rear end, and having its front end mounted in a correspondingly screw
threaded screw box secured to a fixed support and formed in two parts pivoted
together, so as to be opened when required, gearing substantially as above described
for driving the screw bar and means for raising said boxes and screw bar, for the
purposes described.
2. In an earth boring machine, the combination with a pivoted hammer provided
with a friction roller 45, secured to a bracket on the handle, of an operative cam
for actuating the hammer, and gearing substantially as above described connected

page_text: with the shaft and screw bar for giving an intermittent feed to the screw-bar between
the strokes of the hammer, substantially as described..
3. In an earth boring machine, the combination with a pivoted hammer, of a cam
for operating the hammer, gearing connected with the cam shaft and screw-bar, for
giving an intermittent feed to the screw-bar between the strokes of the hammer,
and a lever and ratchet pawl connected with the shaft 35, for operating the device
substantially as described.
Dated the 25th day of April 1894.