AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR, FOR- REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Long, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR, FOR-
REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE
POWER ENGINES, PARTICULARLY ADAPTED FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES."
.
'
Sealed the 7th June 1872, and dated the 16th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL; SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard' Long at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th December 1871.
"
،܂
13, 1
I, RICHARD LONG, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
GOVERNOR FOR REGULATING AND CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF STEAM AND OTHER
MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, PARTICULARLY. ADAPTED FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
"
+1.
T.
།
This my Invention. relates more especially to constructing governors
for screw steam ships, but it is applicable to all kinds of motive power
engines. Its controlling power is obtained from centrifugal force acting

page_text: 1
on a wedge motion, which power increases or is reduced according to
the speed of the engines to be regulated..
.
A governor constructed according to my Invention consists of a metal
slide or guide, which is fixed through its centre on a vertical or hori-
zontal shaft, as circumstances may require. On this slide or guide work
metal wedges.(fitted with antifriction rollers) which are made of suitable
weight according to the size of governor. These wedges work on the
guide, one on each side of the shaft, with their thin ends outside and
butting towards the shaft or centre, and are held towards the centre. by
metal or other suitable springs in the slide or guide. The slide or guide
is fitted with a guard or frame passing above the wedges, and attached
or carried by the slide or guide and shaft. Passing through this guard
or frame are two forked guides, the fork of each guide coming over the
side of the thin end of the wedges. The forks are fitted with anti-
friction rollers to allow the wedges to lift the fork when they are forced
under. The lower part of the fork runs in guides fitted to each side of
the main slide or guide. The two upper ends of the forks or guides are
attached to a cross head, which is attached to a sleeve working on-the
shaft. From this sleeve is led suitable gear for actuating the throttle
valve.
In some cases the forked guides may be fitted with springs acting
between them and the guard or frame.
The governor may be worked direct from the main shaft of the
engines by geared wheels or by a strap and pulley as deemed expedient.
The action of the governor is thus:-As the speed of the engines
increases, so also increases the speed of the governor, and the centrifugal
force throws or drives out the wedges along the slide or 'guide, so that
the power exerted by the centrifugal force is applied to the driving or
working of the wedge motion. The wedges as they are forced or driven
out pass under the forked guides, and thus lift them and raise.the cross
head and sleeve above, which actuates the throttle valve. As the speed
of the engines decreases so also decreases the speed of the governor, and
the wedges are brought back into position by the springs drawing them
to the centre, the forked guides coming down, bringing back the cross
head and sleeve and thus opening the throttle valve.
14
A. AT
لحسنة
أمومة
et half of
L

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters, Patent,
filed by the said Richard Long; in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th June 1872.
'TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
LONG, of Liverpool, in
in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
T
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty, Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and, successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Richard Long, Her special licence that I
the said Richard. Long, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Richard Long, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and 'Isle
of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR REGULATING AND
CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES, PARTICULARLY
ADAPTED FOR MARINE STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Richard Long, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands, and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
$
"
I
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Long, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
This my Invention relates more especially to constructing governors
for screw steam ships, but it is applicable to all kinds of motive power
engines: Its controlling power is obtained from centrifugal force acting
on a wedge motion, which power increases or is reduced according to the
speed of the engines to be regulated.
A governor constructed according to my Invention consists of a metal
slide or guide, which is fixed through its centre on a vertical or hori

page_text: t..
zontal shaft, as circumstances may require. On this slide or guide work
metal wedges fitted with antifriction rollers made of suitable weight,
according to the size of governor. These, wedges, work on the guide,
one on each side of the shaft, with their thin ends outside and' butting
towards the shaft or centre, and are held towards the centre by metal or
other suitable springs in the slide or guide. The slide or guide is fitted
with a guard or frame passing above the wedges and attached to or
carried by the slide or guide and shaft. Passing through this guard or
frame are two forked' guides, the fork of each guide coming over the side
of the thin end of the wedges: The forks are fitted with antifriction
rollers to allow the wedges to lift the fork when they are forced under:
The lower part of the fork-runs in guides fitted to each side of the main
slide or guide. The two upper ends of the forks or guides are attached
to a crosshead; which is attached to a sleeve working on the shaft.
From this sleeve is led suitable gear for actuating the throttle valve.
:
7.
In some cases the forked guides may be fitted with springs acting
between them and the guard or frame.
1
Also in some cases the guard and cross head may be dispensed with
and the forked guide communicate: diagonally-direct: from the wedges
to the sleeve.
When the governor works on a horizontal shaft it may be fitted with
the wedges working one on each side of the slide or guide, thus insuring
a more correct balance.
The governor may be driven direct from the main shaft by means of
geared wheels or by a pulley and strap, as deemed expedient.
Invention may be
In order that the nature and action of my
more readily seen and understood, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of
Drawings illustrating a governor constructed according to my Invention,
as will enable any mechanical engineer to carry the same into practical
effect. Like letters and figures marked on the -Drawings are. used to
denote similar parts.
Figure 1-is a side elevation of a governor constructed according to my
Invention, fitted on a vertical shaft with the wedges on the same side,
fitted with a guard and cross head to work the sleeve..
In some cases the guard and cross head 'may be dispensed with, and
in lieu thereof a direct lever arrangement from the wedges to the sleeve
fitted When the governor is fitted on a horizontal shaft, it is pre-

page_text: ferred that the wedges should be on the alternate sides and geared
accordingly.
201
.
Figure 2 is a plan of slide or guide; Figure 3 is a plan of guard;
Figure 4 is a plan of cross head; Figure 5 is an end view of forked
guides fitted with antifriction rollers and showing part of wedge;
Figure 6 is an elevation of wedges and part sectional elevation of slidé
or guide showing spring. arrangement; Figure 7 is a plan of wedge;
Figure 8 is a part sectional elevation of wedge, and slide, or guide,
showing adjusting arrangement of spring; Figure 9 is a modification of
Figure 8:
a, metal slide or guide, which is fixed through its centre on to a vertical
or horizontal shaft b, as. circumstances may require: On the slide or
guide a work metal wedges c and c. These wedges are geared
together
by the links d, d, and the lever é and each side. f is a block, fitted in
the guides, through which the shaft 6 passes, and is keyed or attached.
g; guard fitted over the slide or guide a. h, h', 'are forked guides passing
over the guides a, and giving motion to a cross head, which cross head
is attached to the sleeve k, working. on the shaft b. The "gear" for
actuating the throttle valve is led from the sleeve k. m, m', are springs
attaching the wedges c and.c₁ to the block f. n, n', are springs fitted
between the fork of the guides h and h', and the guard 9. P, p², anti-
friction, rollers fitted to forked guides h and ', and working on the
wedges cand c¹.
8, 8, 8, 81, 81, 8¹, are antifriction rollers fitted to
wedges. t, t, t¹, t¹, guide pieces.
"
13
In Figures. 8 and 9 the strength of the springs m are adjustable by
means of the nut u, as will be understood. The shaft may be carried
in any suitable bracket and worked by any suitable means direct from
the engines, or by means of a strap and pulley, as deemed expedient.
The action of the governor is thus:-As the speed of the engines
increases, so also increases the speed of the governor, and the centrifugal
forces throws or drives out the moving or running wedges c and c¹ along
the slide or guide a,.so that the power exerted by the centrifugal force
is applied to driving or working the wedges c and c, under the forked
guides hand, which guides work the crosshead and the sleeve k, the
wedges passing under the antifriction rollers 'p and p', 'and thus lifting
the sleeve, and by that means actuating the throttle valve. The uniform
action of the wedges being maintained by the lever and link arrange-

page_text: ment e, d, and d. As the speed of engines decreases, so also decreases
the speed of the governor, and the wedges are brought back into
position by the springs m and m¹ drawing them towards the centre,
these springs being adjusted to the strengths required." The forked
guides are brought down by the springs n and n¹, thus opening the
throttle valve by bringing back the crosshead and sleeve..
i
Having now fully described and explained the nature and purposes of
my Invention, and how the same is to be carried into practical effect,
I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not confine myself to the
several proportions and relative dimensions of the various' parts of the
governor, as it will be readily seen that the same may be considerably
varied without departing from my Invention; the centrifugal force
applied to moving or running wedges, regulated by the retaining springs
being the principle of the governor; what I' claim as secured to
by Letters Patent, as aforesaid is,
T
4
+
*.
t
First. The combination of the slide or guide a, the moving or running
wedges.cand c, regulated by the springs m and 'n, and working a sliding
sleeve by means of the forked guides h, in a centrifugal governor,
all arranged substantially in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
Secondly. The application of centrifugal force to drive moving or
running wedges, as described, to give power in a centrifugal governo
'whether worked vertically, horizontally, or otherwise, substantially in
the manner and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Long, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
FREDERICK J. CHEESBROUGH,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.
RICHARD (L.S.) LONG.