CERTAIN IMPROVED COM- POSITIONS USEFUL FOR MANY PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARTS AND MANUFACTURES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THERE WITH, WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS 18 ALSO APPLICABLE TO SEVERAL OTHER PURPOSES OF UTILITY
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Shakespeare Manton, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick. Manufacturer, and Thomas Islip, of the same
Place, Button Maker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED COM-
POSITIONS USEFUL FOR MANY PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARTS AND
MANUFACTURES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THERE WITH,
WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS 18 ALSO APPLICABLE TO SEVERAL OTHER
PURPOSES OF UTILITY."
Scaled the 12th March 1861, and dated the 26th November 1860:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Shakespeare Manton
and Thomas Islip at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th November 1860.
We, JOHN SHAKESPEARE MANTON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer. and THOMAS ISLIP. of the same Place, Button Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED COM-
POSITIONS USEFUL FOR MANY PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARTS AND
MANUFACTURES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH,
WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO SEVERAL OTHER PURPOSES
Or UTILITY," to be as follows, that is to say:--
Our Invention consists, firstly, in manufacturing certain compositions suitable

page_text: for employment in many branches of art and manufacture; and secondly, in
improved apparatus to be used in rivetting articles of a brittle description,
whether formed of any of our compositions or not.
The compositions consist of shellac mixed with mineral, earthy, arenaceous,
and other substances, colouring matter being used when required. Ground
porcelain or other baked earths, powdered glass or pebbles, marbles, slate,
basult, slags properly pulverized, animal shells of any kind, such as pearl or
oyster, also pulverized, or ivory dust, are amongst the materials wo employ.
These are to be amalgamated with the shellac under heat into a paste coloured
according to taste and transferred to dies, by which they receive any desired
impression. For some uses a solution of pyroxylene or collodion mixed with
oils, gums, or resins may be employed instead of the shellac.
The second part of our Invention consists of an improved rivetting machine,
to be employed in securing together discs or surfaces of any brittle material,
such as pearl or glass, or the compositions already named, which are liable to
be fractured or injured by the ordinary processes of rivetting.
We connect to the striker, punch, or hammer of a rivetting or punching
press any common drill action, so that the hammer or punch in descending
revolves rapidly. This action not only avoids splitting the material, but at the
same time burnishes the rivet.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Shakespeare Manton and Thomas Islip in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SHAKESPEARE MANTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. and THOMAS ISLIP. of the same Place, Button Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give und grant unto us, the said
John Shakespeare Manton and Thomas Islip, Her special license that we, the
said John Shakespeare Manton and Thomas Islip, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Shakespeare Manton
and Thomas Islip, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter

page_text: during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED
COMPOSITIONS USEFUL FOR MANY PURPOSES IN CONNECTION WITH THE ARTS AND
MANUFACTURES, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH,
WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO SEVERAL OTHER PURPOSES
OF UTILITY," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Shakespeare Manton and Thomas Islip, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Shakespeare Manton and Thomas
Islip, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in manufacturing certain compositions suitable
for employment in many branches of art and manufacture; and secondly, in
improved apparatus to be used in rivetting articles of a brittle description,
whether formed of any of our compositions or not.
The composition consists of shellac mixed with mineral, earthy, arenaceous,
and other substances, colouring matter being used when required. Ground
porcelain or other baked earths, powdered glass or pebbles, marbles, slate,
basalt, slags properly pulverized, animal shells of any kind, such as pearl or
oyster, also pulverized, or ivory dust, are amongst the materials we employ.
These are to be amalgamated with the shellac under heat into a paste coloured
according to taste, and transferred to dies, by which they receive any desired
impression.
In our Provisional Specification we have stated that for some uses a solution
of pyroxylene or collodion mixed with oils, gums, or resins, may be employed
instead of the shellac; but as we have since found this part of our Invention to
be of no commercial advantage, we desire to make no claim for it, and we have
not therefore given any further description of this part of the Invention.
The second part of our Invention consists of an improved rivetting machine,
to be employed in securing together discs or surfaces of any brittle material,
such as pearl or glass, on the compositions already named, which are liable to

page_text: be fractured or injured by the ordinary processes of rivetting. We connect
to the striker, punch, or hammer of a rivetting machine any common drill
action, so that the hammer or punch in descending revolves rapidly; this
action not only avoids splitting the material, but at the same time burnishes
the rivet.
We will now proceed to describe more particularly the first part of our
Invention, that is to say, the improved compositions which we employ for
many purposes in connection with the useful arts and manufactures.
We take shellac or lac in any of its forms that may be suitable for our
purpose and will admit of the same mode of treatment of which shellac is
capable, and whilst in a heated or plastic state we mix and thoroughly incor
porate with the lac minerals, earths, and arenaceous matters, such as porcelain
or baked earths, silica, or any siliceous compounds, glass, pebbles, marbles, slate,
basalt, slags, carbonates of lime, whether animal or mineral, shells of any kind,
such as pearl or oyster; the proportion of each ingredient which we employ must
in each case vary with the nature of the material to be mixed with the lac,
and this must be left in great measure to the judgment of the operator. In
the case of pearl dust being used, we should employ one pound of lac to one
and a half pounds of pearl dust; these materials must be reduced to a fine
powder prior to being mixed with the lac, any suitable colouring agents being
added when particular colours are required. We can take these ingredients
either singly or in combination to mix with the lac, but the composition which
we prefer, finding it the best from our present experience and the manner of
producing such composition in varied colours, is the following:-We take
pearl shell, such as is commonly used in the pearl button manufacture, and for
our purpose the waste from such pearl manufacture is very serviceable; we
reduce this shell to a fine powder, then dye the powder in some cases to a
lighter, or in others to a deeper tone of colour than we desire the finished
article to possess, as some colours will gain in intensity by admixture with
the lac, whilst others will lose; then dry the powder, and afterwards mix it
thoroughly with the lac under heat until the whole mass assumes a pasty con-
sistency and appears evenly amalgamated. It is then removed in suitable
quantities to the dies, and submitted to moderate pressure; when cool tho
composition assumes a stony hardness, and requires considerable force to break
it. The process of dyeing the dust already explained in reference to pearl
shell dust can also be applied with equal advantage to any of the other
materials we have named when such materials may be of a nature or natural
colour to admit of that treatment.
The second part of our Invention, namely, the improved apparatus to bo

page_text: used in rivetting together articles of a brittle description, and which we employ
for securing together portions of various materials of a brittle character, such
as pearl, glass, or any of our compositions already named, consists in applying
a drill action to the hammer, striker, or punch of a rivetting machine or
punching press, so that the hammer or punch in descending or striking is
caused to revolve rapidly whilst closing down the rivet, thus avoiding the
splitting of the material and consequent waste, whilst at the same time the
head of the rivet is burnished by the operation. This part of our Invention
will be more readily understood by referring to the accompanying Drawing
representing a machine fitted with the requisite drill action. (A) is the bed
of the machine; (B) the standard upon which are formed the arms (B', B'.)
carrying the drill punch (C); (D) is the ordinary and well-known method by
which the die is secured to the bed of the machine; working through the
overhanging part of the standard (B) is the screw (E), at the top of which is
secured the usual lever action (F); the spindle or drill punch (C) revolves
freely through the arms (B1, B2) having at its lower extremity the necessary
tool for rivetting (which I prefer checked on the end or cut with lines like a
file); and secured to this spindle is the pulley (G), round which passes the
cord (h), communicating motion in this instance to the drill by an under Inthe
motion, the cord first passing round the pullies (I and K). At the top of this
spindle is secured the box (L), a knuckle (M) of which embraces the
neck (N) formed at the bottom of the screw (E), but revolving round it. The
two hemispheres or cushions (N and O) are to prevent any undue amount of
friction. The action of the machine is as follows:-We will assume that the
article to be operated upon are two discs of different material or compositions
to be subsequently formed into a button: a piece of wire is passed through
both discs retaining the two together, the rivetting punch being raised by a
slight turn of the lever (F); the discs are then placed in the die of the
machine, and by the reversed turn of the lever the rivetting punch descends
upon the wire in the blanks: and by the revolving motion of the punch.
which is slightly cut. the wire is rivetted down to the level of the blank and
burnished. The blank is then removed, and another operated upon in a
similar manner.
•
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do
not confine ourselves of these precise details, but that which we claim and
desire to have secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
Firstly, the several improvements herein described in the manufacture of

page_text: compositions to be employed for any purpose to which they may be applicable
in connection with the useful arts and manufactures.
Secondly, we claim our improvements in machinery or apparatus for rivetting
or securing together materials of a brittle description as herein more fully set
forth and specified.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Shakespeare Manton and Thomas
Islip, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-third day
of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-one.