matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE BANDS OR FASTENERS FOR BALES OR PARCELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1870.-A communication from abroad by Edwin
Sewall Lenox, of New York City, County, and State, United States
of America.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WIRE BANDS OR FASTENERS FOR BALES OR PARCELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of wire bands or
fasteners for hay, cotton, and other materials or parcels generally of a
more substantial character than those hitherto used without materially
increasing their cost.
According to this Invention one end of the wire of which the band is
formed is twisted together to form an eye or loop. The other end has a
short piece of wire of the same or a larger guage twisted upon it, so
that the two are held together in order to give increased strength and
rigidity; the double wire end is then bent into the form of a hook to

page_text: engage with the eye or loop upon the other end of the band, or it may
be first passed through the eye and then bent. The addition of the
second piece of wire gives the necessary strength to prevent the hook
from unbending under the strain to which it is subject by use, and saves
expense by enabling a smaller wire to be used for the band than would t
otherwise answer. The hook may be so bent that one strand of the wire
will lie upon the other giving, the greatest thickness in the direction of
resistance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR SCORING as follows:- OR RECORDING NUMBERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Colleton Cooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
18th April 1870.
I, GEORGE COLLETON COOKE, of Woodford, in the County of Essex,
"C. CERTAIN
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR SCORING
to be as follows:-
OR RECORDING NUMBERS,”
My Invention relates especially to. that class. of apparatus or instru-
ments used for the purpose of scoring or recording the numbers or points
gained by each player in such games as bezique, whist, cribbage,
billiards, or the like, in which a hand index, or pointer, or hands,
indexes, or pointers, is or aro employed to indicate by means of numbers
on a dial plate the progress of each player, such apparatus being also
applicable to other purposes.
Instead of so arranging the hands indicating respectively units, tens,
hundreds, and thousands, that they each require setting to the figures on
the dial by a separate movement on the part of the player as heretofore
practised, I employ a series of hands so geared together after the manner

page_text: of a clock train that the simple movement of the units hand (which
may be effected by a key or crank) shall by means of the said train of
wheels communicate motion synchronously to the hands indicating tens,
hundreds, and thousands, so that the progress of the game shall be
indicated automatically on a dial face, or series of dial faces, and the
liability of the player to omit to move the corresponding hand whenever
ten, a hundred, or a thousand points are gained is thus avoided.
I give motion to the hands by means of a train of toothed wheels,
friction wheels, or band pullies, operated by preference in the first
instance by a key or cranked handle.
I also employ in lieu of hands, indexes, or pointers, a series of trans-
parent, or partially transparent discs, as of glass or talc geared together
in a similar manner to the hands before referred to, and placed one
beneath the other, with index points marked on or near the edges, the
lower of which can be discerned through the transparent media of the
upper discs.
In this case the indicating Figures are marked on a circle
surrounding the said discs.
The case or frame carrying the apparatus may be hinged to a board
and fitted with a rack and pawl, by which it may be adjusted to stand
at any angle required for the purpose of illumination or convenience of
sight.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIDEBOARDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO REFRESHMENT BUFFETS AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Frankenberg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st October 1870.
I, ADOLPHUS FRANKENBERG, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SIDEBOARDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO REFRESHMENT BUFFETS AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
At the back of the sideboard or buffet I mount a mirror in a frame
capable of being raised and lowered between pillars or standards, and
balanced by means of weighted cords or chains passing over pulleys so
that the mirror and its frame can be easily raised and lowered when
required. I would here remark that where preferred a panel of carved
wood, papier maché, or other ornamental substances may be substituted
for or used in combination with the mirror.
In a recess behind the mirror or other movable back I arrange a series
of taps communicating with the casks or vessels containing wines, spirits,
or other liquids required to be drawn. These casks or vessels may be
.

page_text: either placed above the level of the taps or they may be arranged
according to an Invention for which I have applied for Letters Patent on
the 20th September A.D. 1870, No. 2522.
When the sideboard or buffet is not in use the mirror or other movable
back is lowered in front of the taps and secured by a lock, so that the
taps are concealed and not accessible without the key, the sideboard then
presents the appearance of an ordinary sideboard merely, but when
required for use the mirror or other back is unlocked and raised up so as
to expose the taps and the liquors can then be drawn.
The underneath part of the sideboard may be fitted with shelves or
cupboards in the usual manner or as may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RETORTS AND RETORT SETTINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1870.
I, CHARLES HUNT, of Nine Elms, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RETORTS AND RETORT SETTINGS," to be as follows (that is to say):
This Invention has reference, firstly, to a new or improved method of
setting horizontal gas retorts of any known or suitable shape and
dimensions in vertical rows of three or four in each row.
In settings
of nine or twelve retorts with three in each vertical row, and in settings
of twelve or sixteen retorts with four in each vertical row, I place the
two outer rows on a lower level than the row or rows occupying the
space between them; and in settings of fifteen retorts with three in each
vertical row, and of twenty retorts with four in each vertical row, I
also place the two outer rows on a lower level than the rows occupying
the space between them; or when two furnaces are employed, or when
for any other reason desirable I place the two outer rows and the
third or centre row on the same level, and the two intermediate rows

page_text: upon a higher level. By the above arrangement of setting retorts I am
enabled to keep the furnace or furnaces closer to the outer rows and
higher up in the arch than can be done by the ordinary method, thereby
effecting great economy in fuel and space.
Secondly. This Invention has reference to an improvement in the
manufacture of retorts to be used for the above described or other
settings, and is as follows:-In manufacturing these retorts, which may
be made of fire-clay, cast iron, or other suitable material, I mould a
flat rib or strip running along the entire length of the top or bottom
or both top and bottom of the outer surface of such retort one, two, or
more inches in width and of any required depth, the object of this
improvement being to greatly reduce the labour of setting.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOISTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Newhouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1870.
I, CHARLES NEWHOUSE, of Пeywood, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOISTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to hoists such as are used in mills, factories,
warehouses, hotels, and other places for the purpose of conveying
goods or persons from one floor of the building to another, and is
designed for the purpose of preventing accidents by persons falling
down the shaft or well in which the cage ascends and descends, and
also to prevent other accidents which sometimes occur from persons
incautiously leaning over the door or gate when the cage is ascending
or descending.
The Invention consists principally in the adaptation of self-acting
sliding doors or gates which open as the cage approaches them in
ascending, and close automatically as the cage rises above the level
of the floor, so that the doors or gates of each floor are always closed

page_text: excepting when the cage is in a position to receive goods or persons
from that particular floor opposite which the cage is at the time. The
doors or gates at each floor are hung with counterbalance weights (the
doors being somewhat heavier than the weights) and move up and down
in slides or guides at each side of the opening, the said slides or guides
not being placed quite perpendicular but inclining slightly towards the
room (or from the well) from the bottom upwards. On each door or
gate is a projection, and at or near the top of the cage is a catch which
as the cage ascends comes below the said projection and raises up the
door or gate with it, so that by the time the floor of the cage is level
with that of the room the door or gate is fully open, and the goods or
persons may then enter the cage. As the oago continues to ascend the
door or gate rising in the slightly inclined grooves whilst the cage travels
in a perpendicular line withdraws the projection from the catch on the
cage, and immediately the door or gate closes by its own weight. The
catch is hinged to the cage so that it is rigid in ascending, but gives
way and passes the projections on the doors or gates in descending.
The gates or doors are made of such a height that persons in the rooms
cannot lean over, but openings are left, if doors are used, so that the
persons in the room can communicate with anyone in the hoist when
requisite.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING MUSIC AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Amédée Rossignol
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, -
on the 11th May 1870.
I, ALEXANDRE AMÉDÉE ROSSIGNOL, of No. 4, Rue de Villiers, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING MUSIC AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :—
My Invention consists in tracing on a band of paper lines representing
the notes of music in the same order as they are played on a piano,
harmonium, organ, or other analogous instrument.
I pass over a metal cylinder, turning regularly by means of a clock
movement and communicating with a battery, a band of paper im-
pregnated with a solution that will decompose under the influence of an
electric current, as in telegraphic apparatus according to Caselli's and
other systems. The clock movement may be put in motion or stopped
at will by an electric or mechanical stop or detent. The band of paper
being placed on the cylinder, I place above it a series of metal wires or
plates isolated from each other in such a way that as they rest at one point

page_text: on the paper in a parallel direction to. the axis of the cylinder they each
communicate by means of a separate metallic wire with a contact appa-
ratus placed under each of the keys of the keyboard of the instrument.
These contact apparatus are worked by the motion of the key, either
by bringing together two wires or metallic plates or by plunging one
point in a jar of mercury communicating with the battery. The circuit
is thus closed for each of the wires only when the key corresponding to
it is lowered; then the current passing through the paper from the
point to the turning cylinder decomposes the salt and makes a blue or
other colored mark during the whole duration of the lowering of the
key. The same operation takes place for each key of the keyboard, so
that when a piece is played each note is marked at its place and with its
duration by a line traced on the paper parallel to the direction of the
motion of rotation. If required to write in the ordinary style the piece
thus traced it is merely necessary to take the piece of paper and to
translate the signs with attention to the position and to the length of
the lines, as well as to their correspondence with the keys.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hodgkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1870.
I, HENRY HODGKINSON, of the West End, Wirksworth, in the County
of Derby, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in those vehicles commonly
known as velocipedes, whereby I am enabled to transform a bicycle into
a tricycle with facility, so that a carriage body can be fitted to it in which
invalids or other persons can sit and be moved from place to place by
the movements of the driver's legs acting upon the cranks of the hind
wheel in a peculiar manner; also to the employment of a number of
cranks on each side of the driving or propelling wheel, and to the fitting
of a spring chest pad or rest for the driver to press against to enable him
to use his legs in a downward direction towards the back instead of
towards the front as is usually the case.
-The upright
The Invention is carried out in the following manner :-)
or stem of the front wheel is fitted into the socket in the ordinary

page_text: manner and fastened with a nut so that it can be easily removed, and
another provided with a carriage body and two wheels fitted in its stead;
the body can be arranged with seats or other appliances for invalids and
other persons to sit or incline upon, or it may have shelves or pockets
fitted in it for the reception of goods or articles of any kind. The
movement of the vehicle is to be obtained by the action of the rider's
feet upon the cranks of the hind wheel; these cranks may be two, three,
or four in number on each side of the wheel, they are to be so arranged
that the motion of the feet shall be as that of walking, that is a downward
thrust towards the rear with each foot in succession, and to enable the
rider to obtain this action I arrange the saddle on which he sits a little
in advance of the axle. Immediately in front of the saddle I fit a
spring chest pad or rest, against which the rider leans to obtain a point
of support to his body when giving the downward backward thrust
before spoken of. By the employment of a number of cranks in the
manner above described, great propelling power or speed can be obtained
by shifting the foot rests farther from or nearer to the centre as desired.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dobson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th March
1870.
I, WILLIAM DOBSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an apparatus for cooling liquids, and is
constructed in the following manner :—
The first part of this Invention consists of a vessel of wood, copper, or
other suitable material, made by preference of an oblong shape, across
which vessel ridges of wood or metal at equal distances are placed, fixed
to each side of the oblong case or vessel alternately. The use of these
ridges is to force the current of water or other cooler material in
alternate streams from side to side of the oblong vessel; or sometimes,
by preference, the water is caused to pass over these ridges from end to
end of the oblong case.
The second part of my Invention consists of another vessel, which fits
into the above oblong casc or vessel. This second vessel is provided

page_text: with a series of hollow ridges or a zig-zag surface bottom, the hollow ridges
or zig-zag surface being so constructed that when the inner vessel is
fitted into the outer vessel a space is left between the ridges in the outer
vessel and the hollow ridges in the inner and upper vessel, so that the
liquid has a free passage from end to end, or over and under between the
two. The ridges in the inner vessel are also fixed at each alternate side,
in order to ensure the liquid requiring to be cooled being passed over
every part of the surface of the utensil. The liquid used for cooling is
by preference admitted and passed between the outer and inner case,
being admitted at one end of the outer case, while the liquid to be cooled
is passed over the upper surface of the inner and upper vessel where
("feathers" or ridge picces are situato to cause it to take a tortious
course), and is admitted at the opposite end to that at which the cooling
liquid is admitted, or vice versa, the liquid being retained in the inner
vessel by a valve or pipe, so that the ridges are always immersed in the
liquid, and is discharged in any suitable manner. The inner case is
fastened into the outer case by moveable screw toggles or other means,
and made water-tight by a washer of india-rubber or other suitable
material, so that a head or pressure of water may be applied for cooling
if required. In order to clean out the watercourses between the outer
and inner vessel it is only necessary to unscrew the toggles and lift out
the inner vessel. By this means the whole of the external and internal
passages may be thoroughly cleaned in a short time, which in all
refrigerator or cooling utensils now in use is a matter of considerable
difficulty; and this arrangement also facilitates the repairing of the
machine when necessary without the great difficulty experienced in
repairing these utensils generally.
AN IMPROVED ANTIFRICTION METAL FOR THE BEARINGS AND STEPS OF SHAFTS, AXLES, ENGINES, AND MACHINERY
Year: 1870

page_text: 'PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hoyle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1870.
I, JOHN HOYLE, of Wheelton, near Chorley, in the County of Lan-
caster, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED ANTIFRICTION METAL FOR THE BEARINGS AND STEPS OF SHAFTS,
AXLES, ENGINES, AND MACHINERY," to be as follows
:-
The object of my Invention is not only to reduce friction but to obtain.
a metal suitable for bearings and steps which will have little or no
tendency to heat injuriously or to such extent as to cause loss by fires,
which are so frequent in cotton and other mills, especially with new
machinery, the bearings of those parts of which that run at high speeds
tending to heat to such extent as to fire the fly or small fibres which
accumulate more or less on all parts of cotton and other machinery.
My improved antifriction metal is intended more particularly for the
bearings of journals running at high speeds, and consists of an alloy of
about 24 parts (by weight) of tin, 32 parts of lead, and 6 parts of
antimony, the latter being added in fine powder to the other two metals

page_text: when in a molten state. This alloy is soft enough to be easily worked
by ordinary cutting tools, and when molten has not a temperature
sufficient to ignite cotton "fly," and will bear more friction and for a
longer time without heating should its lubrication be neglected than
bearings formed of ordinary metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND PRODUCING DRAWINGS OR DESIGNS UPON SQUARES OR RULED DESIGN PAPER FOR MANUFACTURING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THE SAME FROM INJURY
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Holdsworth, Designer, of Halifax, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
AND PRODUCING DRAWINGS OR DESIGNS UPON SQUARES OR RULED DESIGN
PAPER FOR MANUFACTURING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR PROTECTING AND
PRESERVING THE SAME FROM INJURY."
Sealed the 6th May 1870, and dated the 16th March ₹1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Holdsworth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1870.
I, GEORGE HOLDSWORTH, Designer, of Halifax, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING AND PRODUCING DRAWINGS OR DESIGNS UPON SQUARES OR RULED
DESIGN PAPER FOR MANUFACTURING AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR PROTECTING AND
PRESERVING THE SAME FROM INJURY," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of my Invention is to adapt, trace, or copy
original drawings, designs, or patterns, (whether the same be upon paper

page_text: 65
or other material), upon squares such as those ordinarily ruled upon
common design paper" with much greater facility and accuracy than
as heretofore practised. The usual method hitherto adopted is first to
trace the outlines of a design upon tracing paper; and secondly, by means
of “transfer paper" specially prepared for the purpose to transfer these
outlines to the squared "design paper;" and thirdly, guided by these
outlines to copy and reproduce on the " design paper" the drawing and
coloring of the original design or pattern.
According to one method of carrying out this part of my Invention I
dispense with the three operations of tracing, transferring, and copying
by causing the squares to be ruled or printed upon the original design
itself, which is afterwards both as to outline and coloring corrected or
adapted by the artist or workman so that the various parts of the design
shall be made to fill into their respective squares of course in such
manner as to preserve as nearly as possible its original form and
character.
Another method of effecting the same object and without altering in
any way the original design is to have the squares ruled upon tracing
paper or other suitable material and placing this paper upon the design,
then to trace and copy it direct by painting or otherwise, by which
means the original design is preserved unaltered.
The second part of my Invention refers to the design papers or boards
commonly used in printing yarns for weaving carpets, and consists in
placing or securing in any convenient way over the design board a sheet
of horn, paper, or other suitable transparent and tough material for the
purpose of protecting and preserving the design and colors from being
knocked, scratched, or otherwise injured during the process of printing
or of carrying the boards to and from the machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES AND BROOMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Charles Lumley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th December 1870.
I, LOUIS CHARLES LUMLEY, of Montague Place, Russell Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES AND BROOMS," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to arrange and construct brushes and
brooms in such manner that their rigidity and resilience, or as it is
usually called, their hardness or softness may be regulated as desired so
that the same brush or broom may be applied for different purposes, or
with greater or less pressure or attrition or frictional force and effect.
To carry out this object according to my Invention I use a moveable
or adjustable perforated plate, slab, frame, or piece in addition to the
ordinary or fixed back stock or frame (or portion of the handle) to which
the bristles, hairs, or tufts forming the brushing or sweeping agents are
fitted or attached. Such moveable plate is usually parallel with and on
the inner side of the ordinary back stock or frame, and it is caused to

page_text: approach towards and recede from the same preferably by employing a
screw nut or equivalent contrivance. The hairs, bristles, tufts, or clusters
forming the sweeping or brushing agents or appliances pass through
the perforations in the moveable piece, and are fitted or attached as usual
to the stock back or frame of the brush, which (when a handle is required)
is provided with or forms part of a handle in the usual manner.
By working the moveable or adjustable piece the length of the work-
ing portions of the hair or bristles is regulated or adjusted, and the
rigidity, resilience, or power of attrition or friction thereof is controlled
accordingly.
CONSTRUCTING PORTABLE FOLDING FURNITURE, AND SELF-TILTING AND FOLDING CASK STANDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Coppard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1870.
I, JOHN COPPARD, residing at Number 40, Holloway Road, in the
Parish of Saint Mary, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CONSTRUCTING PORTABLE
FOLDING FURNITURE, AND SELF-TILTING AND FOLDING CASK STANDS," to be as
follows:-
For constructing furniture, the platform surface or frame may be
made of any suitable form or material for the tops of tables, seats of
chairs, or other articles of furniture in the following manner :-The
sides are straight with flanged tops, and may be made of iron or other
suitable material, having at each corner or any other suitable position
sockets or recesses formed thereto, which are so arranged as to receive
supports or legs suitably arranged and secured in their position by means
of screw, rivets, bolts, or other suitable means, in such a manner as to
admit of their working freely so as to fold up when not in use; the said
support or legs may be made in one or more peices, and act in opposite
directions to each other, thereby giving the required support to the

page_text: framework before mentioned. I would in certain articles of furniture use
the before mentioned sockets or recesses and supports or legs at the top
as well as the under portion, should the framework referred to be made
of wood, the sockets or recesses before refered to may be made apart
from the frame and attached thereto by means of screws or other suitable
means, the support or legs to be attached thereto in the manner before
described; the said support or legs may have one or more cross stay rails
as may be required. For constructing the stand for casks or other
vessels the platform on which the casks or other vessels are to be placed
consists of a frame made of iron or other material and constructed in the
following manner of suitable sizes:-The platform or frame at front and
back ends is formed with a curve so as to receive the circular sides of a
cask; the sides are made straight with flat tops, and are angular from
end to end so as to hold any flat or square vessel thereon, the aforesaid
curved ends of frames are also angular, the corners are made in the form
of sockets or recesses for the purpose of receiving the ends of the supports
or legs which act as described above for furniture, and in any suitable
position I attach one or more springs, to which spring or springs a cross
curved peice is attached, by means of which the cask or vessel is tilted
as required while the contents are being withdrawn.
IMPROVEMENTS:. IN APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1870.
I, THOMAS TAYLOR, of Pilsworth, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS:.
IN APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in placing at the end of the fire-bars in
furnaces a box, made of cast iron or other material, the whole width of
the furnace or any suitable portion thereof, containing a door or lid at
the side next the fire-door, and on the top of the said box and at the
other end I place a bridge of fire-brick, and also cover the said, box on
the upper side with fire-brick, and at about seven inches from the last-
named bridge I place another bridge of fire-brick, as ordinarily con-
structed. Between the said two bridges I place a grate through which
the air passes to the furnace, the amount of which is regulated by a
handle attached to the before-named door. The air passes into the
"

page_text: said box from the ash-pit and through the grate situate between the
said two bridges, and thereby mixes with the products of combustion
in the furnace and prevents any dense or black smoke passing up, the
chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF REVIVIFYING THE MATERIALS USED FOR THE PURIFICATION OF GAS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew McNiel and William
Wheaton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th October 1870.
We, ANDREW MCNIEL, of Tiverton, in the County of Devon, Engineer,
and WILLIAM WHEATON, of Exeter, in the same County, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF REVIVIFYING THE MATERIALS USED FOR THE PURIFICATION OF GAS,”
to be as follows:-
"
The object of our Invention is to revivify and render useful again (for
a similar purpose) the materials that have been used for the purification.
of gas.
Various substances are used for purifying gas, but as an example of
the application of our Invention we will take the oxide of iron which is
commonly employed for the purpose. When this material has become.
saturated with the sulphur, ammonia, and other impurities (for which it.
has an affinity) it is usually removed from the purifier and exposed to the
air for the purpose of allowing the sulphuretted hydrogen and ammonia
to escape, which they do into the air and become a great nuisance. By
our improved process we prevent this nuisance, to which end we take

page_text: the spent or saturated oxide of iron and place it in a close vessel in which
it is exposed to heat for the purpose of driving off the volatile or gaseous
matters which are conducted by a pipe to another vessel containing
animal matters and other substances which will absorb the gaseous
vapour evolved from the iron. Any gases that may escape absorption in
this vessel are conducted to another which is supplied with fresh oxide
of iron, and as this substance has a strong affinity for the sulphur and
ammoniacal gases it will quickly absorb or take up and that may
escape from the other vessels. This oxide as well as that which has been
revivified may be used in the gas purifiers, and the animal matters may
be used for the manufacture of artificial manure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING RAILWAY AND CARRIAGES, AND IN LAMPS TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
January 1870.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, the younger, of the Victoria Works, Bethnal
Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING RAILWAY AND
CARRIAGES, AND IN LAMPS TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
.
OTHER
For lighting railway carriages I employ candle lamps, and I support
these lamps by hooks on their exterior hooked into sockets carried by a
reflector which is fixed to the interior of the railway carriage. The
portion of the reflector above the sockets I prefer to form of silvered
glass. In place of employing a flat reflector behind the flame of the
candle a reflector suitably shaped to disperse the light or throw the light
forward may be employed. The candle of the lamp is carried in the
interior of a tube as is usual in what are known as Palmer's candle
lamps. This tube drops into a tubular socket carried concentrically
within a larger tubular casing which surrounds it; on the exterior of this
tubular casing are attached the hooks by which the lamp is to be
supported; the top of the exterior tubular casing forms a socket to
receive the lower end of a glass, and openings are formed near the

page_text: bottom of the surrounding tube to admit air; the candle of the lamp
will thus be burning in the centre of a long column of air. I employ a
glass with a contraction formed in it to deflect the ascending current of
air on to the flame. The top of the tubular casing has wires rising up
from it, and these at their upper ends carry a ring which surrounds the
top of the glass and forms a socket to receive a cover or cap, and this cap
is suitably formed to bear upon the top of the glass and hold it down into
its place. In place of the candle lamp being hooked on in front of a
mirror carried by the interior of the carriage, the candle lamp may be
dropped into a pillar or standard either rising up from the floor of the
carriage or it might be from one of the elbows of the carriage seats or
otherwise. In order that it may readily be seen what length of candle
there is within the lamp I attach to the under side of the spring top
which forces up the candle an indicator rod which passes down and out
through a hole in the bottom of the lamp tube. The extent to which
this rod projects from the bottom of the tube will indicate the length of
candle in the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING METALLIC AND OTHER FUMES, GASES, AND SMOKE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William James Johnson, of Allendale, in the
County of Northumberland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING METALLIC AND OTHER FUMES, GASES, AND
SMOKE."
Sealed the 15th September 1870, and dated the 23rd July 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William James Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd July 1870.
I, WILLIAM JAMES JOHNSON, of Allendale, in the County of Northum-
berland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING METALLIC AND OTHER FUMES, GASES,
AND SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for con-
densing metallic and other fumes, gases, and smoke. At the present
time great loss and injury result from the escape into the air of metallic

page_text: acid, and other fumes or smoke.. I condense such fúmes more effectually
than heretofore by the use of a tank or reservoir containing water and
closed at the top. Within the tank or reservoir are a number of fans
driven at a suitable velocity to produce a draft through the apparatus.
The tank or reservoir is divided by partitions so as to form a chamber
for each fan. The first fan of the series draws in the fumes around its
axis on either side, and discharges them at its circumference, passing
them on to the next fan, by which they are similarly carried forward,
and so on for as many fans as the apparatus contains. The blades of
the fans dip into the water in the tank or reservoir and throw it up in
a spray or shower. The spray or shower from each fan falls on a
grating with zig-zag passages through it, this grating separates one fan
chamber from the next and the fumes as they pass through it come
into close contact with the water running back through the grating..
When the water in the tank or reservoir becomes sufficiently charged
with the fumes it is run off for use according to the nature of the fumes
condensed, and fresh water is run into the apparatus,, or in some cases
when the object of the use of the apparatus is simply to prevent the
escape of noxious fumes the water when charged may be run away to
Any gas soluble in water may be thus condensed.
waste.
In some cases in place of using water only in the apparatus, absorbent
matters adapted to the nature of the gas or fume to be absorbed may
be added to the water..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crombleholme at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1870.
I, WILLIAM CROMBLEHOLME, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Machinist, 'do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a self-acting apparatus for connecting
and
railway carriages and trucks, and a combination of levers, shafts,
pinions for disconnecting the same.
The apparatus consists of two hooks and two bridles. One bridle is
fixed to each cross bar forming the end of the frame of the carriage or
truck, and a block of india-rubber or other spring is introduced between
the end of the bridle and the cross bar to act as a draw spring. The
hooks are jointed to short shafts supported in bearings in the said cross
bars. Under each hook is a shaft having a spur pinion gearing in a
pinion on the shaft of the hooks, and to each shaft is fixed a lever which

page_text: is held in position by a spring catch or otherwise. When the carriages
or trucks are brought together the hooks spring over the ends of the
bridles and catch into them to connect the carriages, and when it is
necessary to disconnect the carriages the levers are turned partly round,
by which means the pinions release the hooks from the bridles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NETS USED FOR LADIES' HAIR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1870.
I, WILLIAM CARTER, of the Town and County of the Town of Not-
tingham, Lace Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NETS USED FOR LADIES'
HAIR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to give greater finish and neatness to
the appearance of net manufactured for ladies' hair. These nets I
produce on any of the various descriptions of machines employed in
making twist lace or net.
According to my improvements I form the fabric into breadths corre-
sponding with the width of the nets desired, the respective breadths being
united during the manufacture of them by connecting or draw threads,
which draw threads when the net has been." dressed" in the " picce "
may be drawn out clear of the sides of each breadth. These nets I
manufacture either with bobbin threads combined with carriage threads

page_text: with two, four, six, or more motions to one hole, or with bobbin threads
alone with two, four, six, or more motions. When the connecting or
draw threads have been drawn out the sides of the breadths will be left
clear and firm ready for inserting the elastic cords.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WINDOW CLEANING AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Francis Anderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th April 1870.
I, CHARLES FRANCIS ANDERSON, of Abbey Wood, in the County of
Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WINDOW CLEANING AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus is applicable for use in cleaning windows and
for other similar purposes, such as in glazing and painting sashes, and
exccuting all kinds of builders' work to windows and window frames.
The improvements are designed with a view to prevent the accidents
so common in the above cases, and which is effectually ensured by the
safety apparatus of my Invention.
The apparatus consists of a light metal framework in the shape of a
chair to be placed athwart the bottom of the sash frame so as to project
outside the window and form a seat for the person using the apparatus.
The scat is supported outside the window by short projecting legs (of a
more or less ornamental form) which may rest on the sill, where such is

page_text: conveniently placed for the purpose. I prevent tilting or lifting of the
safety apparatus by means of legs depending from the front edge of the
seat on the inside of the window, which legs are provided with screws
fitting into perforations in each leg, a series of holes being provided in
each to facilitate the adjustment of the apparatus to the window frame.
The screws bear at their ends on a plate (preferably of wood lined with
felt) of sufficient length and depth, which is applied under the moulding
on the inside of the sash frame so as to abut against its under edge. In
this manner on tightening the screws, which are slightly recessed in metal
sockets in the plate above mentioned the latter will be held firmly in
position so as to fix the chair rigidly to the window frame, the short legs
before mentioned as depending from the back of the chair being at
same time caused to abut (on screwing up the clamp or plate) against
the outside of the sash frame, thereby providing an additional gripping
action which renders the chair sufficiently firm, even should the legs be
unsupported by a sill. The chair back is constructed of light metal
framework enclosed so as to prevent wipers or tools from falling through;
a scating is also provided, as well as pockets at either side for containing
the above-mentioned articles.
These improved safety apparatus would be made in sizes to suit
varying thicknesses of brickwork, two sizes being sufficient in most
cases.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN. CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Noton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents,, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1870.
I, WILLIAM NOTON, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN. CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to the machinery for giving motion to the comb
for stripping the fleece of fibres from the doffer, and it consists in an
improved arrangement of parts. for causing the said comb to move in
the form of an ellipse, whereby the points of the comb in descending,
approach the doffer and strip the fleece out of the teeth of the card.
clothing, and in ascending the comb works clear of the doffer.
In performing my Invention the comb is mounted on a rocking shaft,,
or on two arms which fit on eccentrics fixed to the driving shaft, the
tail ends of the arms being connected to links on which they oscillate,
or eccentrics be made to act on one end of the arms to. which the
comb is fixed, and the links on which the arms oscillate are jointed to
the arms between the comb and the eccentric. By varying the relative
distance between the point of oscillation and the eccentric amount
any
may
!
.

page_text: of up-and-down motion may be given to the doffing comb, or the arm
or arms may be connected by a slot and sliding bush to a fixed
stud.
Another part of my Invention consists in lubricating the above or
other eccentrics used for actuating doffing combs by means of an oil 5
cup fixed to the arm of the comb..
Another part of my Invention consists in applying a guard to the
doffing comb, against which the comb strips itself at its return stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James McGrath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1870.
I, JOHN JAMES MCGRATH, of Cable Street, St. George's in the East,
in the County of Middlesex, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to distribute weight more evenly over
a wheel than hitherto, the means adopted for this purpose also aiding
in its propulsion and giving it great elasticity.
I propose to make each spoke of a shoulder formed of a bent bar or
rod, the two ends of which are pinned loosely on plates keyed fast or
revolving loosely on the axle of the vehicle accordingly as the wheel is
to drive, as in a velocipede, or simply run as in an ordinary vehicle. The
shoulder may be made of two converging rods or bars joined at the
point of convergence. Through the bend of this shoulder passes a rod
or bar, one end of which is attached to the felly or band of the wheel,
and the other screwed into a ring surrounding but not touching the
axle. On this rod or bar, and either between the ring and the shoulder

page_text: or between the shoulder and the felly or periphery of the wheel I propose
to place a spiral or other spring, or I may upon one spoke place the
spring between the shoulder and the ring surrounding the axle, and
upon the next spoke place it between the shoulder and the felly or
periphery, and so on alternately; or I may place all the springs within
or outside the shoulder as I may find preferable.
If the springs are placed between shoulder and periphery the weight
will compress the springs on the lower spokes; if, on the contrary, they
are placed between the inner ring and the shoulder the action will be
a pulling one, and be brought on the springs of those spokes which are
uppermost.
It will be evident that in the revolution of the wheel the reaction of
the springs will not only carry it lightly over obstacles but materially
assist its progression, and that the distribution of the weight over several
elastic spokes is a security against breakage of axles and of the other
parts of the wheel which are liable to break from their rigidity.
I propose to apply this arrangement to wheels for velocipedes, for
ordinary carts and carriages, to railway wheels, and any wheel to which
it may be found applicable.