and in Means or Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept., 1887
Specification Accepted, 14th Oct., 1887
and in Means or Apparatus Employed therein.
We THOMAS SAMPSON of Washington Mills, Lawrence, Massachusetts, in the
United States of America, and FRANCIS HUGH JEALOUS, also of the said Washington
Mills, Lawrence, Massachusetts, both representatives of the Washington Mills
Company do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the saine
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The invention relates to a novel method and apparatus for dyeing yarn and other
fibrous material.
Prior to our invention yarn and other fibrous material to be dyed has been placed
in a case or receptacle wherein it is subjected to the action of the dyeing solution, and
thereafter the said case or receptacle has been placed in a centrifugal machine or
subjected to centrifugal action to expel the water from the yarn.
The case or receptacle referred to with its contents of wet yarn, especially when
large quantities of yarn are being dyed, is very heavy and inconvenient to handle.
To obviate lifting such heavy case or receptacle we employ a bag composed of
textile material in which is placed the yarn to be dyed.
The employment of a bag to hold the yarn or other fibrous material enables us to
use a stationary vessel, which latter is ready to receive a second bag of yarn
immediately after the removal therefrom of a bag containing yarn which has been
subjected to the action of the dye liquid.
In accordance with our invention, the yarn is placed in a bag and the bag is placed
in a vessel or receptacle located in a vat, the said vessel or receptacle, preferably being
sustained above the bottom of the vat by a partition plate which divides the said vat
into an upper and lower chamber.
The coloring liquid is preferably first received in the upper chamber and is
withdrawn therefrom through pipes by a suitable rotary pump, into the lower chamber,
from whence it is forced by strain or other pressure up through an opening in the
bottom of the vessel or receptacle containing the yarn, the said liquid passing through
the material to be dyed and through an opening in the top of the said vessel or

page_text: receptacle into the upper chamber of the vat, from which it is again withdrawn by the
pump and discharged into the lower chamber of the vat to be again forced up through
the material contained in the vessel or receptacle, as before.
The lower chamber of the vat is connected by a pipe to a tank or reservoir into
which the contents of the said chamber may be discharged when the yarn has received
the desired color.
The coloring liquid discharged into the tank from the lower chamber referred to,
may be forced back into the said chamber, through the pipe connecting the tank with
the said chamber, to be again used in dyeing a new lot of yarn or other material, by
steam or other pressure admitted to the said tank.
The lower chamber referred to, is connected by two stand pipes, with a reservoir
into which coloring liquid is forced when the pressure within the lower chamber
reaches its maximum or safety point, the liquid forced into the said reservoir being
discharged therefrom into the upper chamber, the stand pipes acting as a safety valve
to prevent the pressure within the lower chamber exceeding that which the apparatus
can stand with safety.
The particular features of our invention will be pointed out in the claim at the end
of this specification.
Figure 1 is a partial section and elevation of our improved apparatus, and
Figure 2 a top view of one of the vessels or receptacles to hold the bag of yarn or
other material.
The vat A of iron or other suitable material supported above the floor A¹ by
blocks A² is for the best result divided into an upper chamber A³ and a lower
chamber A by a flanged plate a secured to the sides of the vat.
The plate a is provided, as herein shown with three openings through which three
vessels or receptacles a¹ are extended, the said vessels or receptacles being sustained,
as shown, by flanges a³, a³, riveted to the plate a, the flanges a³ being shown as
forming part of stand pipes a communicating with the chamber A4.
The bottom of the vessel or receptacle a¹ is provided with a central opening around
which is a flange 6 projecting into said vessel or receptacle, and upon which rests
the bag of textile material, which latter contains the yarn or other material ² to
be dyed, the central opening in the bottom of the said vessel or receptacle being
partially closed by a grating 63 which as shown is held in place by a collar
secured to the bottom of the vessel a¹.
The bag of yarn or other material is kept within the vessel a¹ by a cover 65 provided
with a flange 66 which passes upon the top of the bag.
The cover has a central opening similar to the bottom which is partially closed
by a grating 67, secured to the cover by a collar 61 fastened thereto as shown by
bolts 613, the said cover being made to fit the vessel a', as shown, by a ring of
packing 68, the said cover being secured in the vessel by a fastening device 6º, shown
in Figure 1 on the middle vessel as extended over the sides of the said vessel and
clamped or sprung beneath flanges 610.
The bag of yarn or other fibrous material, having been secured in the vessel a¹, as
described, the coloring liquid or solution is poured or otherwise discharged preferably
into the chamber A³ from whence it is drawn through the pipe e as indicated by
arrow 20 by a rotary pump c¹ of any suitable construction, the coloring liquid being
forced by the said pump through the pipe c, into the chamber A*, the pump being
rotated by a fast pulley driven by a belt, not shown.
The coloring liquid in the chamber A₁ is forced by steam or other pressure,
introduced into said chamber by pipe c* provided with cock e through the gratings 6
into the vessel a¹ through the yarn or other fibre contained in the bag 6 and from
the vessel a through the gratings 67 into the chamber A³ from whence it is again
drawn by the pump and again passed through the yarn or other fibrous material.
A continuous circulation of coloring liquid is thus maintained through the yarn
until the said yarn has attained the desired color or tint.
It is desirable to examine the yarn from time to time, so that the desired shade or
tint may be obtained, and to do this the cock c is closed to withdraw the pressure

page_text: from the chamber A*, the coloring liquid discharged from the vessels by opening the
valve d in the pipe d' extending to near the bottom of the tank d, and the cover of a
vessel is then removed and a sample taken from the bag.
When the desired shade has been imparted to the yarn, the cock c is closed, the
belt shipped to the loose pulley d*, and the valve or cock d in the pipe d' opened to
permit the coloring liquid to run into a reservoir d' located, as shown, below the floor A¹
and suspended by bands d' attached to the girder or beam d*.
After the vat A has been emptied, the bags of yarn are removed and may be placed
in a centrifugal machine to be dried, a fresh bag of undyed yarn may be placed in the
vessel a', and a cock e in a pipe el is then opened to admit steam or other pressure
into the reservoir d², to force the coloring liquid which has been used once back again
through the pipe d¹ into the chamber A, and up through the vessel a¹ into the
chamber A, from whence it is drawn by the pump, as above described.
This is especially advantageous when dyeing with bichromate of Potassium or
other dyes which are not exhausted by one batch or quantity of yarn.
The stand pipes a* prevent the pressure in the chamber A* from exceeding what the
vat will stand, excessive pressure forcing the coloring liquid from said chamber
through said pipes into a vat es suspended as shown by bands e from the ceiling of
the room, the liquid discharged into the reservoir et flowing back into the chamber A³
through the pipe e².
The flanges b, b, projecting into the vessel or receptacle a' press upon the yarn near
the centre of the bag, spreading or pressing the said yarn out laterally, so that the
obstruction offered by the yarn to the passage of the liquid through the vessel will be
substantially uniform, thus causing substantially the same amount of liquid to pass up
through the centre portion of yarn, as passes up through the portions near the sides
of the vessel, consequently dyeing the yarn uniformly throughout the mass.
When the coloring liquid has been exhausted it may be discharged from the tank d'
through the pipe f provided with the cock f¹having its stem extended above the
floor A', as shown.
When the coloring liquid from the chamber A' is discharged into the tank d², the
air contained in the said tank finds an outlet through the pipe c' and faucet elo.
As thus far described the coloring liquid passes from the upper chamber through
the pump into the lower chamber, from whence it is forced up through the material
in the vessels or receptacles.
We do not desire to limit ourselves to this precise method of circulating the
coloring liquid, as the said liquid may be made to circulate from the lower chamber
through the pump and into the upper chamber, from whence it descends through the
openings in the top of the vessels or receptacles into the lower chamber, from
whence it is again drawn through the pump and discharged into the upper chamber,
as above stated.
When the latter method is employed the pipe c connecting the upper chamber with
the pump may be closed by a cock or valve 14, and the lower chamber may be
connected with the pump by the pipe 10, see dotted lines Figure 1 which is provided
with the valve 15, and also by the pipe c³ also provided with a cock 16, the latter
pipe communicating with the upper chamber through a pipe 12 provided with the
cock or valve 13.
When it is desired to cause the coloring liquid to pass down through the vessels or
receptacles, the cock 14 in the pipe c, and the cock 16 in the pipe are closed, the
cock 15 in the pipe 10, and the cock 13 in the pipe 12 being opened.
It will thus be seen that the liquid flows through the pipe 10, through the pump
and thence through the pipe 12 into the upper chamber from whence it passes down
through the material in the vessel a' into the lower chamber.
When the method of circulation is employed, it has been found necessary to employ
a check valve 17 in each stand pipe, the said valve being of any ordinary construction
and such as will permit the liquid to pass up through the pipes into the reservoir e*,
but which will close the passage in the pipe when suction, or pressure from above is
applied to it, so as to prevent air being drawn down into the lower chamber.

page_text: It will be noticed that the steam admitted to the lower chamber raises the
temperature of the coloring liquid to boiling point.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said-invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
1. An apparatus for dyeing yarn and other fibrous material consisting of a vat
divided to form an upper and lower chamber, one or more vessels or receptacles to
contain yarn or other fibrous material and communicating with both of said chambers,
combined with a pipe communicating with the upper and lower chamber and with
means substantially as described to effect a circulation of coloring liquid through the
vessels or receptacles, substantially as described.
2. An apparatus for dyeing yarn and other fibrous material, consisting of a vat
divided to form an upper and lower chamber, one or more vessels or receptacles to
contain yarn or other fibrous material and communicating with both of said chambers,
a pipe communicating with the upper and lower chamber, and with means, substantially
as described to effect a circulation of coloring liquid through the vessels or receptacles,
combined with one or more stand-pipes connected with the lower chamber and with a
reservoir connected to the upper chainber, substantially as described.
3. In an apparatus for dyeing yarn and other fibrous material, consisting of a vat
divided to form an upper and lower chamber, one or more vessels or receptacles
to contain yarn or other fibrous material and communicating with both of said
chambers, a pipe communicating with the upper and lower chamber, and with means,
substantially as described to effect a circulation of coloring liquid through the vessels
or receptacles combined with a reservoir connected to the lower chamber to receive the
liquid therefrom, as and for the purpose set forth.
4. An apparatus for dyeing yarn and other fibrous material consisting of a vat
divided to form an upper and lower chamber, one or more fixed or stationary vessels
or receptacles to contain yarn or other fibrous material and communicating with both
of said chambers, combined with a pipe communicating with the upper and lower
chamber, and with means, substantially as described, to effect a circulation of coloring
liquid through the vessels or receptacles, substantially as described.
5. An apparatus for dyeing yarn and other fibrous material, consisting of a vat
divided to form chambers A³, A', one or more fixed or stationary vessels or
receptacles a¹ having its bottom provided with a flange b and grating 6, and a cover
having the inwardly projecting flange 66 and grating 6', combined with the pipes c,
and pump connected with said pipes to establish a circulation from the chamber As
through the chamber A* and vessels or receptacles, substantially as described.
6. An apparatus for dyeing yarns and other fibrous material consisting of a vat
divided to form two chambers, one or more vessels or receptacles to contain yarn or
other fibrous material connected with both of said chambers, combined with a pipe
communicating with the said chambers, and with means substantially as described to
effect the circulation of coloring liquid through the said vessels or receptacles,
substantially as specified.
1
a
1
1007
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicants.