AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE. OF PAPER
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Brown, of Aldgate, in the City of London,.
Chemist, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE.
OF PAPER."
Sealed the 8th December 1857, and dated the 10th June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th June 1857.
I, JAMES BROWN, of Aldgate, in the City of London, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in evaporating or combining glycerine with pulp,
from which paper is to be made, or with paper at any stage of its manufacture,
or in coating paper after its manufacture with glycerine. It is necessary for.
such papers as are intended to be used dry that size should be employed in.
their manufacture, otherwise the glycerine absorbs moisture, and keeps the:
paper damp. For papers which are used in a damp state, such as the
papers for taking press copies from letters and other documents, little or no
size will be required in their manufacture...

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th December 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BROWN, of Aldgate, in the City of London, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Brown, Her special licence that I, the said James Brown,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Brown, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Brown, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in incorporating or combining glycerine with pulp,
from which paper is to be made, or with paper at any stage of its manufacture,
or in coating paper after its manufacture with glycerine.
In carrying my Invention into effect, the method of applying or using the
glycerine, and the quantity of it which is used, may be varied, according to the
degrees of softness and pliability which the paper is intended to possess. And
in manufacturing paper according to my Invention, which is intended to be
used dry, I find it necessary to employ size of some description in order to
ensure proper dryness in the finished paper, otherwise the glycerine absorbs
moisture, and keeps the paper damp. But for papers which are used in a

page_text: damp state, such as the papers for taking press copies from letters and other
documents, little or no size will be required in their manufacture.
The glycerine may be mixed with the pulp which is to be made into paper.
And in order to produce a paper which is intended to be used dry, I add
to a quantity of pulp and size, sufficient to produce one hundred pounds of
paper, when dry, about five pounds of glycerine of a specific gravity of 1-16,
and cause the glycerine to become well mixed with the pulp in the pulping
engine by stirring or otherwise, as in the process known as "engine sizing,"
or in any other convenient manner. The above proportions I have found to
answer well, but they may be varied.
In some cases I find it convenient to mix the glycerine with the size and
use the two together, in a manner similar to that in which size is applied
in the process known as tub or trough sizing. For this purpose the glycerino
may be mixed with the size in the proportion of about one part, by weight, of
glycerine to seven parts, by weight, of size in solution.
In other cases I find it convenient to apply the glycerine to the surface of
the paper in what is called its finished state, by first dissolving glycerine in
water in the proportions of about one part, by weight, of glycerine of a specific
gravity of 1-16 to seven parts, by weight, of water, and then spreading the
solution over the surface of the paper or dipping the paper into the solution.
For paper to be used in a damp state, the size may be entirely dispensed
with, or its proportion may be much diminished.
In all cases the softness and absorbency of the paper may be increased or
diminished by increasing or diminishing the quantity of glycerine used. In
other respects the ordinary modes of manufacturing paper may be adopted,
the glycerine being applied to the paper or mixed with the material of which
it is made in any convenient manner, as before mentioned.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the manufacture
of paper impregnated or coated with glycerine.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
JAMES BROWN. (L.S.)