IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Tiot Judkins, of No. 22, Ludgate Street
in the City of London, Dealer in Sewing Machines, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
Sealed the 21st February 1860, and dated the 24th August 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tiot Judkins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th August 1859.
I, CHARLES TIOT JUDKINS, of No. 22, Ludgate Street, in the City of
London, Dealer in Sewing Machines, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in dispensing with a shuttle for carrying the under
thread of the sewing machine, and instead of a shuttle I have a covered reel
or stationary bobbin containing the reel on which the thread is wound; the
slack is taken up by means of a lever worked by a cam or other convenient
known means, and by these arrangements a knot stitch is formed shewing the
thread on both sides of the work alike.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Tiot Judkins in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TIOT JUDKINS, of No. 22, Ludgate Street, in the City of London, " Dealer in
Sewing Machines," send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Tiot Judkins, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Tiot Judkins, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, my executors, administrators, and assigns
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My Invention of " Improvements in Sewing Machines" consists in
dispensing with a shuttle for carrying the under thread of the sewing machine,
and instead of a shuttle I have a covered reel or stationary bobbin containing
the reel on which the thread is wound; the slack is taken up by means of a
lever worked by a cam or other convenient known means, and by these
arrangements a knot stitch is formed shewing the thread on both sides of the
work alike.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe in what manner the same is to be performed, referring in illustration

page_text: thereof to the accompanying Drawings, in which my said improvements are
represented as applied to certain kinds of sewing machines.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a slide elevation of my improved machine, a portion of the frame
being in section and removed in order to shew the parts more closely ;
Figure 2 is a front view of the same, a portion of the frame being in section ;
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the same; Figure 4 is a detached plan
view of the hooked carrier for the under thread, which is made to oscillate on
a pivot in the manner herein-after described for the purpose of taking the
thread from the vertical needle and passing it round the stationary bobbin,
and thus dispensing with the travelling shuttle; Figure 5 shews the same in
elevation combined with the stationary bobbin; Figure 6 shews the reel on
which the thread is wound; Figure 7 is a section of the bobbin with the reel
in it; Figure 8 is an edge view of the bobbin; and Figure 9 a plan view of
the same.
In these several Figures the same letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts. In order, however, to avoid the necessity of describing
all the parts represented in the foregoing Drawings, I would remark that the
machine in its general features is the same as that represented and described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, and bearing date the Sixteenth
October One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, the difference mainly
consisting in the parts relating to the substitution of the stationary bobbin for
the travelling shuttle which I will now describe. The cam 9 on the shaft c,
acts on the arm h, on the end of which is a toothed segment taking into a
pinion i on the lower end of the spindle of the hooked carrier k, which thereby
imparts a reciprocating movement to the hook k, which is thus made to draw
the thread through the hole of the stationary bobbin l, and to loop it as
required. This stationary bobbin rests on a horizontal fixed plate m, and is
kept in its place by a sliding cover n. The tension of the thread as it is
delivered from the reel of the bobbin is regulated by passing through the
perforations shewn therein. By this arrangement as the cam 9 revolves and
imparts a reciprocating motion to the hooked carrier k, the upper thread will
be taken from the back of the needle on its descent and looped so as to form a
knot on the return movement of the hook. The slack is taken up by means of
the spring lever o, which by its connection with the lever which works the needle
is made to rise and fall with the needle, but with a shorter range of movement.
The material to be sewed is held down as required by means of the spring p,
fixed at the upper part of the frame, and resting on the upper end of the rod
or slide 2. Figure 10 represents in longitudinal section a portion of a sewing

page_text: machine, in which the stationary bobbin, Z is supported in a vertical instead of
a horizontal position as before described, the hooked carrier k being inserted
in a disc r, mounted on the shafts, and thus receiving a rotary motion by which
it is carried round the stationary bobbin; t is a slide on the end of which
is fixed the carrier of the bobbin 1, this slide may be drawn backwards, and
the bobbin removed after loosening it by unscrewing the screw u. The lower
end of the needle only is indicated in this Figure. Figure 11 is a transverse
section, and Figure 12 an underneath plan of the same; Figure 13 represents
in elevation, a machine in which the under thread is supplied from a lower
bobbin shewn by dotten lines in the Figure, and passed through and round
a circular needle or thread carrier, to which is imparted a reciprocating
motion, such needle or thread carrier being mounted on a vertical spindle and
turned horizontally by the action of the arm a, lever h, worked by a grooved
cam as shewn, the end of the lever being toothed as shewn by dots, and taking
into a pinion on the lower end of the said spindle. Figure 14 represents
detached, the grooved cams for working the said horizontal circular needle or
under thread carrier, and the ordinary vertical needle or upper thread carrier ;
Figure 15 represents a different mode of working the arm or lever h.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim
any of the parts herein-before mentioned taken separately, but that what I
claim as my Invention are the several modes herein-before described by which
the shuttle for carrying the under thread is dispensed with, and the covered
reel or stationary bobbin substituted for the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Tiot Judkins, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
CHARLES TIOT JUDKINS. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the within-
named Charles Tiot Tudkins, in the
presence of
CHA". ROBERTS,
Clerk to Messrs. Wickens & Brutton,
No. 4, Tokenhouse Yard, Bank,
Agents for the Patentee.