IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND DIES FOR PRODUCING ELONGATED OR SOCKET EYES UPON PICKAXES ADZES, HAMMERS, PLANTER'S HOES, AND OTHER TOOLS AND ARTICLES GENERALLY.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Luke Chapman, of Collinsville, in the County
of Hartford, and State of Connecticut, United States of America,
Master Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
AND DIES FOR PRODUCING ELONGATED OR SOCKET EYES UPON PICKAXES
ADZES, HAMMERS, PLANTER'S HOES, AND OTHER TOOLS AND ARTICLES
GENERALLY.
"
Sealed the 26th October 1875, and dated the 15th May 1875.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
filed by the said Luke Chapman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 15th May 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LUKE
CHAPMAN, of Collinsville, in the County of Hartford, and State of
Connecticut, United States of America, Master Mechanic, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY AND DIES FOR PRODUCING ELONGATED OR SOCKET EYES UPON PICKAXES,
[Price Sd.]
"

page_text: fastened to rearmost cross head by keys c, c, projects forward and
into a correspondingly shaped orifice in the front cross head. In the front
cross head is a vertical mortise c', and the key ², driven through the
piston 65, has some play in this mortise, but when the rearmost cross
head moves rearward this key strikes against the rear of this mortise and
pulls the front cross head rearward, where it remains till a lock latch,
which I will shortly describe, is thrown into mesh, and meanwhile the
key plays back and forth in its slot or mortise c'. The front cross
head is caused to move to the front, when desired, as follows: To the
rear of the foremost cross head is hinged the pawl ", which when per
mitted will fall between the two cross heads, so that the next forward
movement of the rearmost cross head will carry the foremost cross head
with it. To the top of the pawl is hinged the latch e' riding the cam
shaft c, and having underneath the set notch d, when the twọ cross
heads move back together the set notch & strikes the stop bar d' and so
causes the pawl c³ to lift so that the next forward movement of the
rearmost cross head will not carry the foremost cross head with it.
:
When the operator desires to throw the pawl e in mesh. and thereby
cause the foremost cross head to make a forward movement, he pushes
backward upon the rod d², the rear end of which is connected to the
crank arm drigid upon the cam shaft e², and so causes the cam on this
shaft to lift the latch c' till the set notch d disengages from the stop
har d', thus permitting the pawl c³ to fall, and as soon as the rearmost
cross head has moved rearward far enough the pawl will fall in between
the two cross heads, so that the next forward movement of the rearmost
cross head will carry the foremost cross head with it. On the return
movement the pawl is raised and disengaged as herein-before
described.
can
The rod
be adapted to be operated by the workman's
foot if desired. At the front of the machine and inside the body
thereof is the stationary die bed having the horizontal part d' and
the vertical part d³, the whole resting on the web. e cast to the body a.
In the vertical part of this die bed is a die seat, a dovetail mortise, into
which fits the stationary die e'. The letter e denotes the movable die
held in a similar die seat in the movable die bede which has a
transverse back and forth motion to open and close the dies upon the
horizontal part of the stationary die, and between the inside front of
the body and the way e. The closing motion of this movable die bed

page_text: is given by the double cam e attached to and moved by the foremost
cross head, so that the dies are closed by the first part of the forward
movement of the foremost cross head and opened by the rearward move-
ment thereof. The double cam e acts upon corresponding double cam f
which forms the back of the movable die bed, and both the double cams
are so shaped and adjusted that the forward movement of the cam eª can
and does continue after the dies are closed without pressing the dies still
further, and the dies are held close; meanwhile the purpose of this
arrangement being to properly close the dies upon the stock to be
operated on before the punch, shortly to be described, commences its
work. The opening or rearward movement of the movable die bed is
given by the pins ft borne on the bar, projecting from the foremost
cross head, which pins enter the oblique grooves f³ in the bottom of
the movable die bed.
The two dies are or may be duplicates as to their
faces; each contains the horizontal groove f* for the passage and action
of the punches and the vertical groove ƒ³ wherein to grasp the stock to
be manipulated.
The stock bar after being properly heated is grasped in the vertical
grooves f, and the punch g projecting from a dovetail seat in the fore-
most cross head comes forward and punches a hole for an eye. The
letter g' denotes what 1 term a resisting punch, which may be set or
adjusted so as to meet the metal moving before the action of the punch g
at any desired point and prevent the metal from moving directly forward,
and so cause it to flow to the sides and fill out the shape of the dies;
and this resisting punch can be released at any desired moment, so that
it will freely retreat before the advancing punch g, or its release may
be so graduated that it will retreat with a certain steady motion. To
the front end of the body a is secured the water container, composed of
the two parts g², g, flanged and bolted together. The stem g' of the
resisting punch runs into the water space through the packing metal
glands g, h, and through the rubber or other packing between the two
glands, and the rear end of the stem g' is preferably rounded, as shown
in the Drawing.
The gland is held down upon the rubber packing by the check
nuts 2 on the body screws h³, the washers * preventing the pressure of
the water from forcing the gland h down too hard upon the rubber
packing. The water space in the water container is filled with water
through the pipe connecting with a compressor, which maintains a

page_text: regulated pressure upon the water when it is not allowed to escape. The
water in the water container being incompressible will hold the resisting
punch against any strain until some water is permitted to escape. The
letter i denotes the escape valve in the escape pipe 2, from which extends
the operating lever having a set hook 2, which the pivoted latch
lever shutting into holds the escape valve closed. On the opposite
end of the lever i' is a cam ≫, which can be set at any desired point on
the lever, so as to adjust it for opening the escape valve at different
times. At the set time the cam j attached to the foremost cross head
lifts the cam 2º, tripping the lever 2, and permitting the spring j' to
open the escape valve suddenly, and thereby suddenly release the
resisting punch.
The distance to which the valve opens may be regulated, and then
the resisting punch will not be released all at once but gradually, and
with a gradually receding motion. The rod j pivoted at one end to
the cam j has at the other end the slot ", and thereby hangs on the
pin j projecting from the side of the lever . and when the foremost
cross head moves to the rear it brings up the lever ², closing the valve;
and the set hook catching on the end of the latch lever 'the valve is
held closed till again tripped.
It will be seen from this description that this machine has the capacity
to exert great power and pressure upon the stock to be manipulated,
both longitudinally and transversely, and by making use of forming dies
or punches in connection with either or both these notions metal may
be formed, punched, and pressed in à great variety of ways. So far as
the fluid resistant is concerned it may be made to support a die as well
as a punch
a
Instead of having the operation of the escape yalye made automatic
the latch lever may be taken off and the lever operated by hand.
Having described the machine for operating the dies I will now describe
the dies, of which there are nine different sets of groups, which I will
designate by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G. H. I.
As to group A,-
Figure 11 is a face view of one of the two dies of the set, showing the
side of the punch.
Figure 12 is a view of the two dies closed together, grasping the
stock, and with the punch entered up to the first shoulder, the two dies.

page_text: and the stock cut in central longitudinal section on the plane indicated
by the dotted line ', .
Figure 13 is a view the same as Figure 12, except that the punch has
entered its entire depth.
Figure 14 is a top view of the stock after it has been subjected to the
action of the dies and punches.
Figure 15 is a side view of the peice shown in Figure 14, top (that is
the face shown in Figure 14) downward.
Figure 16 is a view of the peice shown in Figure 14 and 15 in cross
section on the plane indicated by the dotted line, ².
Figure 17 is a side view showing the shape into which the peice
shown in Figure 14, 15, and 16, is finally worked, except that the points
(of the pickaxe) are shown as broken off.
Figure 18 is a side view showing the effect of submitting the stock to
the action of the dies and punches when certain retaining ledges or
shoulders are omitted from the dies.
It has been found desirable to elongate the eyes of pickaxes, that is,
to raise the eyes upon one side of the body of the tool, as shown in
Figure 17. Planters' hoes, adzes, hammers, and some other tools and
articles have similar elongated eyes. These dies and punches are
intended for the production of such elongated eyes, and though I shall
describe this Invention in dies and punches as applied to the manu-
facture of elongated eyes for pickaxes, I deem the same principles
applicable, by proper modifications in the shape of the matrix of the
dies, to the manufacture of elongated eyes, for other tools and
articles. The points of novelty are (1) making two punches in one, the
smaller and foremost for an opener or spreader, and the larger and
hindmost for completing the work, (2) raising ledges or shoulders on
the sides of the stock by proper recesses in the dies, so as to counteract
the tendency of the stock to bend under the adväncing action of the
punch, and so that there may be stock left in such recesses to fill out
the proper outline of the tool in subsequent manipulation; and (3)
leaving an opening in the dies for the forward end of the punch to pass
out at, carrying with it a thin scarf of stock. Iron and steel (commonly
wrought iron) are the metals intended to be worked in these dies and in
all the dies herein described, and the stock is heated to that point to
permit it to be readily manipulated in each case before submission to

page_text: the dies and punches.
duplicates, or one die may
so that the punch stock
The two dies j, k, may be corresponding
contain more of the matrix than the other,
will lie in the die which contains the greater
part of the matrix. The bar of stock is heated and then grasped in
the matrix, the two dies being placed in and worked by the machine
herein-before described. The shape of the faces of the dies is such as to
upset the stock somewhat when the dies close, and thus force an extra
amount of stock into the matrix in the path of the punch about to
advance.
When the dies have properly closed together and grasped the stock the
punch advances to its work. This punch is really two punches in one; the
foremost is smaller and sharper than its follower so as to divide and
spread the stock before the punch / does its work. This sidewise spreading
of the stock is desirable in order to cause the metal to flow into and fill,
partially or wholly, the recesses ; this stage of the process is shown in
Figure 12. The filling of these recesses forms ledges or shoulders on the
stock which tend to prevent the stock from unduly bending down when the
larger punch k³ does its work. The punch still advancing goes through
the stock, causing it to flow out and fill the matrix of the dies, the surplus
metal if any following out in a scarf at the bottom of the dies which is
afterward trimmed off. The shoulders or ledges now fulfil another:
useful function; they have counteracted to some extent, but not wholly
prevented the bending back of the top of the stock bar. Now by
sidewise manipulation under drop presses, or in other proper mechanism,
these ledges furnish stock sufficient to fill out the hollow or sunken
place left in the bar, say to the line a', Figures 15 and 16 bringing out
the shape shown in Figure 17.
The dotted lines ³, Figures 15, 16, and 18, show where the scarf is
trimmed off. The dotted line 2ª, Figuré 17, shows the shape which the
ledges l' are made to fill out by sidewise pressure or dropping. The dotted
lines, Figure 14, denote the original width of the bar. Figure 18 shows
a side view of the bar when submitted to the action of dies and punches
such as are shown except that the recesses l are omitted. The stock bar is
bent and sunken down further, and there is no side stock left wherewith
to repair this defect. By permitting the formation of the scarf & I ensure
the proper filling of the dies, and at the same time avoid the nicety of
adjustment of the punch in the dies which is necessary and practically
impossible where it is attempted to let the punch pass out of the dies
carrying no stock with it.

page_text: P
These dies are intended for use in the manufacture of elongated eyes,
circular or oval, in cross section, for adzes and other tools and articles
having similar elongated eyes.
Figure 19 is a face view of one of the two duplicate dies forming the
first set, showing a longitudinal of the bar of stock to be operated on.
Figure 20 is a view of the end of the stock bar as prepared for mani-
pulation in the first set of dies.
Figure 21 is a view in cross section of the first set of dies, showing the
bar inserted ready to commence operations.
Figure 22 is a view similar to Figure 21, except that the dies have
closed together, upsetting the bar and forcing an extra amount of stock
into the matrix.
Figure 23 is a view similar to Figure 22, except that the punch has
moved forward and done its work the same as in Figure 19.
Figure 24 is a face view of one of the two dies forming the second
set, showing the product of the first set inserted ready to be operated
on.
Figure 25 is a view similar to Figure 24, except that the punch has
advanced and done its work.
Figure 26 is a view of the product of the second set of dies.
Figure 27 is a view of the completed adze.
The points of novelty are,-(1) a first set of dies for partially forming
the eye, the matrix of which conforms to the external shape of the eye,
so far as produced in this set of dies and having a punch, circular or
oval, in cross section, the front or operating end of which is flat or but
slightly rounded; (2) a set of dies for further elongating the eye, the
matrix of which (except in front of the punch) corresponds to the
external shape of the eye, and having a punch the front end of which is
more or less pointed; and (3) the combination of these two sets of dies
and punches.
The stock bar 13 is of proper length with one end prepared as shown
in Figure 20. The bar is then heated and inserted as shown in Figure 21.
The dies now close together face to face as shown in Figure 22, up-

page_text: setting the bar and forcing an extra amount of stock into the matrix.
The punch now advances and does its work, as shown in Figure 23,
causing the metal to fill the matrix of the dies, and leaving the web m
just forward or in front of the punch, the eye is so far as formed circular,
circular (or oval) in cross section. The punch now retreats, the dies
open, the stock is taken out, the additional stock piece m' dropped into
the hole formed by the punch, the whole heated and grasped by the
second set of dies m², (being duplicates only one is shown, their cross
section being substantially the same as a cross section of the first set)
which close together face to face. The punch m³ now advances to its
work as shown in Figure 25, merging the peicè m' with and in the
surrounding stock and fully elongating the eye. The product of the
second set of dies is shown in Figure 26. The cap web m' is now
trimmed off on the line, and the forging of the eye is substantially
completed. This forging is finally worked into the finished shape shown
in Figure 27.
It is obvious that this process and these dies by obvious changes are
applicable to the production of oval or circular cross sectioned eyes for
other tools and articles than adzes, and I introduce Figures 28, 29, and
30, to illustrate their application to the production of an eye for a
pickaxe.
Figure 28 is a face view of one of the first set of dies showing a
longitudinal section of the stock, the punch having done its work.
Figure 29 shows a face view of one of the second set of dies with the
product of the first set inserted (with additional stock peice) and the
punch ready to do its work.
Figure 30 is the same as Figure 29, except that the punch has ad
vanced and done its work.
As to group C,-
These dies are for use in producing elongated eyes, square or angular
in cross section, for adzes and other tools and articles having similar
eyes.
Figure 1 is a face view of one of the two dies forming the first set.
1"
11
1
1

page_text: Figure 33 is a view of the end of the stock bar as prepared before-
hand.
Figure 34 is a view the same as Figure 32, except that the dies are
nearly closed.
Figure 35 is a view the same as Figure 34, except that the dies are
wholly closed.
Figure 36 is a view similar to Figure 35 after the punch has done its
work, as also shown in Figure 31.
Figure 37 is a view illustrating a modification of these dies.
Figure 38 is a side view of the forging formed by the first set of
dies.
Figure 39 is a face view of one of the two dies forming the second set,
showing the product of the first set inserted ready to be operated on.
Figure 40 is a view the same as Figure 39, except that the punch has
advanced and done its work.
Figure 41 is a face view of one of the two dies forming the third set.
Figure 42 is a view in cross section of the third set of dies, with the
product of the second set inserted ready to be operated on.
Figure 43 is a view the same as Figure 42, except that the punch has
advanced and done its work.
Figure 44 is a view of the product of the third set of dies.
Figure 45 is a view of the finished adze.
The stock m has one end prepared as shown in Figures 32, 33, and 34,
is then heated and inserted as shown in Figure 32. The dies n close,
upsetting the stock and forcing an extra amount thereof into the matrix.
The punch a moves forward to its work, as shown in Figures 31 and 36,
leaving the web n just forward of the punch. The eye so far as formed
is substantially circular in cross section, with the addition of the four
corner stock lugs n³, which are formed by and in the four corner stock
recesses n'. This forging, the product of the first set of dies, is shown
in side view in Figure 38. This forging is heated with the additional
stock peice and placed in the second set of dies o. The punch o
now advances to its work, as shown in Figure 40, fully elongating
the eye.

page_text: Figure 50 is a view of the product of the second set of dies.
Figure 51 is an enlarged view of the tool, into which the forging
shown in Figure 50 is finally worked.
The stock bar o is heated and clamped in the first set of dies p,
upsetting the stock and forcing an extra amount thereof into the matrix,
the punch p' then advances to its work, as shown in Figure 46, making
a corresponding hole in the stock. The dies now unclose, the stock is
taken out, an additional stock peice dropped into the hole made by the
punch p', heated and clamped in the second set of dies p², as shown.in

page_text: Figure 47. The punch p³ now advances, as shown in Figure 48, the
shoulder p partially severing the cap web p as the punch comes down.
The forging from these dies is shown in Figure 50. The cap web is
then sawn off on the line and the forging worked into the shape
shown in Figure 5.1.

page_text: These dies are intended for producing clongated eyes upon pickaxes,
adzes, and other tools and articles having similar elongated eyes.

page_text: Figure 69 is a view in cross section of the first set of dies closed with
stock inserted and operated on, on the plane ¹.
Cross section of the second set of dies appears substantially the
same.
The features of novelty are (1) the combination of two sets of dies
and punches for forming elongated eyes, in both of which the punches.
move or roll the metal of the stock in the same direction (dies and
punches having been heretofore used, in which the punch of the first
set moved the metal in one direction, and the punch of the second set
moved the metal in the opposite direction. This feature is common to
the dies and punches of some of my other groups, but I intend to make
specific claim for it in connection with this group), and (2) dies for
producing elongated eyes having shoulders at the bottom or end of the
matrix for preventing the free escape of the metal moving before the
action of the punch yet having an orifice for the escape of surplus
metal, and this feature is new, whether the punch partially or wholly
forms the eye.
The
The stock s is heated and grasped in the first set of dies t.
punch advances to its work (see Figures 67 and 69), partially punching
and elongating the eye, the shoulders to preventing the free escape of
the metal, but the orifice t³ allowing the escape of surplus metal. The
punch now retreats, the dies open, the stock is taken out again, heated
and grasped in the second set of dies t, having a deeper matrix, and the
punch t has a longer motion. The punch moves forward to its work,
as represented in Figure 68, still further elongating the eye and leaving
the cap web u just forward of the punch. These dies have shoulders
similar to t, but on a more open angle, and an escape orifice similar to
These dies now open, punch retreating, the forging is taken out,
cap web sawn off, and the forging worked by common processes
into pickaxe shape.
Ꮏ .
the
As to group H,—

page_text: Figure 72 is a view of the stationary die from point or side A.
Figure 73 is a view of the closed dies from end B.
Figure 74 is a view of the two closed dies in cross section on the
plane X¹5
Figure 75 is a view the same as Figure 74, except that the upsetting
plunger has upset the stock.
Figure 76 is a view of the forging made by these dies and the
upsetting plunger, supposed to be removed from the dies before being
operated on by the peircing punch.
Figure 77 is a view of the stock before being operated on.
Figure 78 is a view of the same bar after being operated on by these
dies and punches.
The features of novelty are (1), so constructing and using a die or dies
that longitudinal or endwise pressure on the heated stock bar will upset
it and cause it to partially or wholly fill the matrix of the dies, such
upsetting being at a point more or less removed from the point of the
plunger or part which exerts the endwise pressure; and (2) in con-
nection with dies and punch or plunger thus made and used the use of
a punch for punching or punching and elongating an eye. These dies
and processes can by proper modifications in the shape of the matrix
and punches be used for producing eyes upon tools and articles
generally, though the Drawings only show dies and punches for pro-
ducing elongated eyes for pickaxes..
The stock bar a' is heated and laid in the stationary die ², as shown in
Figure 70. The movable die u³ closes upon it, one end of the stock bar
abutting aginst the shoulder u'. The upsetting plunger w, its motion.
given by the cam bar v, moves forward, as shown in Figures 75, exerting
a longitudinal pressure on the bar and upsetting it, and partially or
wholly, according to adjustment, filling the matrix.
The forging pro-
duced up to this point if now removed from the dies would have an
appearance substantially as shown in Figure 76, and this product is in
itself valuable. The punch now advances and punches or punches
and elongates the eye. The punch and plunger now retreat, the dies
open, and the forging is taken out, having an appearance substantially as

page_text: shown in Figure 78. The cam bar is attached to and moved by the
foremost cross head of the machine first herein-before described.
As to group I,—
These dies and punches are intended for forming and punching
elongated eyes for pickaxes, hammers, and other tools and articles
generally (by appropriate changes in the shapes of the matrix of the dies
and the punches).
Figure 79 is a face view of one of the two dies forming the first set,
showing stock inserted and operated on.
Figure 80 is a view of the product of the first set of dies in central
longitudinal section.
Figure S1 is a face view of one of the two dies forming the second
set, showing the stock as it comes from the first set inserted and ready,
to be operated on.
Figure 82 is a view similar to Figure 81, except that the stock has
been operated on.
Figure 83 is a view of the first set of dies, stock inserted and operated
on, in longitudinal section on the plane 16.
Figure 84 is a side view of the product of the second set of dies.
Figure 85 is a bottom or under side view of the peice shown in
Figure 84.
The novelty consists (1) in the use of a stationary punch within the
matrix of the dies, which forms a hole or partial eye in the back or under
side of the stock in combination with a shouldered punch, which forms
a hole or partial eye in the front or top of the stock, the shoulder of the
punch forming the top of the bar and causing the metal to fill and flow
in the matrix; and (2) in the combination of such dies and punches
with other dies and punch to complete the elongation and punching.
The stock is heated and grasped in the first set of dies v³ v'. The
punch is fast in die Punch w now advances to its work, as shown
in Figures 79 and 83, punching a partial eye in the front or top of the
bar, the shoulder w' forming the stock immediately around the punch
and causing the metal to fill the matrix, so as to somewhat elongate the
eye and cause the punch to form a partial eye in the back of the stock

page_text: bar. The punch now retreats, the dies open, the stock is taken out,
again heated, and grasped in the second set of dies w. The punch w
now advances to its work, as shown in Figure S2, fully punching and
clongating the eye, a shoulder on the punch again forming the top of
the bar. These dies now open (the punch having retreated), the stock
is taken out, the ragged end of the eye trimmed off on the dotted line 7,
and the forging finished into pickaxe shape.
I claim as my Invention as to the machine,-
and the forging finished into pickaxe shape.
I claim as my Invention as to the machine,—
1. In combination with the body a, having the "web e, the stationary
die bed, having the horizontal part d' and vertical part d³, all sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination of the cross head a', piston b', key c³, and front
cross head b', having the slot mortise e', all substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
3. The combination of the two cross heads a³, b', pawl c³, latch cʻ,
cam shaft c², and stop bar d', all substantially as and for the purpose
set forthi.
4. The combination of the front cross head ', double cam e³, and
movable die bed e³, having double can ƒ, all substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
5. The combination of the water container g², g³, stem g', and the
escape valve i, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6. The combination of the water container g², g³; stem g'; packing ';
gland h; screws h³, and washers h, all substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
7. The combination of the water container g; escape valve 2:
lever and latch lever i', all substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
8. The combination of the water container g², g"; escape valve i lever
2; latch lever ; cams i, j, and rod j², all substantially as shown and
described.
9. The combination of the punch g with the resisting punch g', so set
and adjusted that it may be allowed to recede at a desired moment, all
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: As to group of dies A,—
10. Dies having the recesses 1, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
11. The combination of the two punches, ³, in one, both shaped
substantially as shown and described.
12. The combination of dies j, k, having recesses with the two
punches,, in one piece, all substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
13. The combination of portible dies with a punch so shaped and
adjusted as to produce the scarf by means substantially as set forth.
As to group of dies B,-
14. The dies for partially forming the exterior of an oval or circular
elongated eye, in combination with an oval or round punch & having its
front end flat or nearly so, substantially as shown and set forth.
15. The dies m² for more fully elongating and forming the exterior of
an oval or circular eye in combination with an oval or round punch m³
having its operating end pointed, all substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
16. The combination of the dies and punch with the dies m² and
punch, all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
17. In connection with dies and punches for producing elongated
eyes the use and application of the additional stock peice m', substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
As to group of dies C,-
18. Dies n having the corner stock recesses n', substantially as and
for the purpose forth.
19. Dies n having the corner stock recesses n' in combination with
the non-angular punch n', all substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
20. Dies o for further elongating the eye having the corner stock
recesses, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
21. The dies n having the corner stock recesses n' and the punch n' in

page_text: combination with the squaring dies o² and squaring punch o³, all sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
As to group of dies D,-
22. The dies p having a matrix, substantially of the shape shown and
described.
28. The dies in combination with the round punch p', all subsian-
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
24. The dies p² having a matrix, substantially of the shape shown and
described.
25. The combination of the dies p² with the square punch pª, all
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
As to group of dies E,-
26. The dies having a matrix, substantially of the shape shown and
described.
27. The combination of the dies 2 and punch 22, all substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
28. The dies having a matrix, substantially of the shape shown and
described.
29. The combination of the dies 2 and punch 7, all substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
As to group of dies F,-
30. Dies in combination with the punch having shoulder st, all
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
As to group of dies G,-
31. The punch in combination with the dies having shoulders 1ª
to prevent the free escape of the metal and the orifice for the escape
of surplus metal, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
32. Dies and punch t' in combination with dies t' and punch t³, all
substantially as and for the purpose set forth, when both punches are
designed to move the metal for the elongation of an eye in the same
direction.
As to group of dies H,―
33. Dies u². u³, combined with a plunger ³ so constructed and
arranged as to upset or swell the stock bar at a point removed from the

page_text: end of the plunger by means of endwise or longitudinal pressure on the
bar, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
34. Dies ², ³, combined with a plunger for upsetting the stock
bar by endwise pressure (with no qualification as to the point of up-
setting), and also combined with a transversely moving punch for
punching or punching and elongating an eye, all substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
35. The combination of the die bearing the stationary punch 2ª with
the die and the shouldered punch w, all substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
36. The combination of the dies 3, ', and punches v³, and w with the
dies w² and punch w³, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Luke Chapman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of March, in the year of
our Bord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
WILLIAM EDGAR SIMONDS.
LUKE CHAPMAN. (L.S.)