matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE-LIGHTER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Milne at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1881.
JAMES MILNE, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North Britain, Engineer.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE-LIGHTER."
This Invention relates to a new or improved construction of fire-lighter or
appliance to be used for lighting and kindling domestic and other fires instead of
fire-wood and ordinary combustible fire-lighters.
The improved fire-lighter consists essentially of a wick, preferably of asbestos
or other incombustible material fitted in a holder wherein it may be impregnated
with paraffin oil or other inflammable matter and made to burn like a lamp.
According to one modification of the Invention, the asbestos or incombustible
wick is made in the form of a ring, and fitted in a shallow annular vessel made of
cast-iron or other metal or refractory material, and which is of channel form in
cross section with the wick lying between the sides of the channel. This annular
channel is filled with paraffin or other inflammable matter which impregnates the
wick, the vessel being formed with projecting spouts for convenience of filling in
the paraffin. Immediately over this shallow vessel a flat plate or disc is fitted,
extending quite across its periphery being directly over the wick, and fixed to
small bracket pieces on the inner edge of the vessel, and this disc is so fitted that
when the wick is kindled, the flame burns outside the disc. The vessel is provided
with a handle, and when put in use the wick is kindled and the vessel put through
the lower fire bars or ribs of the fire place, and is allowed to remain in the fire-
grate, until the coals which lie over it are kindled.
The vessel may be made circular, rectangular, or of any other convenient shape
in plan, being formed with a correspondingly shaped channel to contain the wick
and inflammable oil or matter.
AN IMPROVED LEVEL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Beger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1881.
CARL BEGER, of Berlin, in the German Empire, and temporarily of 68, Fleet
Street, in the City of London, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED LEVEL."
The object of my Invention is to construct an inexpensive level to supersede
spirit and other levels at present in use, and one which is not liable to get out of
order.
My improved level consists of a chamber or box in which a heavy index pointer
or plummet is mounted fast on an axis or pivot, which axis or pivot is free to rotate
and to carry with it the said index pointer or plummet. A plate closes the front of
the chamber or box, and is formed with apertures, each of which is provided with a
projection at its centre. Directly behind one of these projections the index pointer
or plummet hangs perpendicularly and parallel therewith when the true level of
the object is ascertained, which can be readily perceived on inspecting the plummet
through its corresponding aperture. The chamber or box is cast in a piece with,
or is fixed to a base plate or straight edge which is applied to the object, the level
of which is to be ascertained.
My improved level can be applied vertically as well as horizontally.
The pivot, instead of rotating, can be fixed, and the plummet arranged to rotate
thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Allibon, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, Thomas Turton, of the same Place, Iron and Steel Manufacturer,
and James Jones, also of the same Place, Engineer, for an Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Allibon, Thomas
Turton, and James Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
25th May 1881.
GEORGE ALLIBON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, THOMAS
TURTON, of the same Place, Iron and Steel Manufacturer, and JAMES JONES, also
of the same Place, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS."
Our improvements relate to cylindrical horizontal shell fire tube steam
generators, and consist in so constructing the boiler and arranging and combining
it with the fire place that advantageous results are obtained as regards the
generation of steam, whilst unequal expansion and contraction of the shell and
other parts are avoided and good circulation of water within the boiler is ensured.
In carrying our Invention into practice we form a combustion chamber within
the lines of the cylindrical or nearly cylindrical shell towards the back end thereof,
and have water spaces at the front, back, and top of said combustion chamber
when single, and also down the middle when divided, which latter we prefer. Fire
tubes are led forward from the said combustion chamber through the boiler to an
uptake of any ordinary or convenient kind. The fire grate or fire place is
immediately under the shell, so that the heating gases may act first on the under
side of the shell, then in the water combustion chamber, and finally in the fire
tubes.
For the purpose of collecting any sediment which might enter the boiler with
the feed, and for preventing incrustation in the shell over the fire, we fit in the
generator near the bottom thereof, by preference under the central line, a collecting
trough. This trough is connected to the water space at the back or side of the
combustion chamber, and is provided with a suitable blow-off or discharge cock or
valve.

page_text: set forth.
chamber or chambers b, water spaces c, d, and e, and fire tubes g, substantially as
Second. The combination in externally fired steam generators of the combustion
chamber or chambers b, water spaces c, d, e, and f, and fire tubes g, substantially as
set forth.
Third. The collecting trough and mud cock m in combination with the
improved generators claimed above.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Turton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
J. JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
4, Clayton Sq.,
Liverpool.)
Witness.
THOMAS TURTON. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR THE LIDS OF MILK CANS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest George Cook Bomford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1881.
ERNEST GEORGE COOK BOMFORD, of Fladbury, near Pershore, in the County
of Worcester, Farmer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR THE LIDS OF MILK
CANS AND OTHER VESSELS."
My Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in fastenings
for the lids of milk cans and other vessels, the object of my Invention being to
detect any attempt at tampering with the contents of the said cans or vessels.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a milk can.
The lid is hinged to the can, and on the upper side of the lid I pivot a plate, the
outer or free end of which projects a short distance over the edge of the lid. The
said plate is capable of swivelling on its centre through a small angle. The range
of motion of the said plate is limited by a pin on the lid engaging in a slot in the
plate. The said pin is sharp pointed for the purpose hereinafter explained.
Upon this plate is a second plate hinged thereto near the pivot and capable of
being raised from off the first named plate or of being turned down flat upon it.
This second plate has a glazed opening in it, the said opening being over that part
of the first plate having the slot in it.
To the side of the can and near its top a short lever is jointed, the said lever
working in a vertical plane.
The top end of the lever is turned at right angles, and when the lever is raised
to its highest position the said top part is situated over the projecting end of the
swivelling plate. The lower short arm or heel of this lever is turned inwards and
the edge of the lid carries a projection, which when the lid is shut down presses
upon the heel of the lever and raises it to its highest or acting position. In using
the can provided with my Invention, a slip of paper or label which may contain
an inscription or device is placed between the second or hinged plate and the
swivelling plate, the swivelling plate having been previously brought in the
position proper for fastening down the lid. The pointed projection on the lid
situated in the slot in the swivelling plate penetrates the slip of paper or label.
When the lid is shut down the lever is raised by the projection on the edge of the
lid, and its top turned end is brought over the projecting end of the swivelling plate.

page_text: The lid can now only be raised by turning aside the swivelling plate, so as to
remove its projecting end from under the end of the lever when the lid can be
raised.
But in turning the swivelling plate aside the fixed pointed projection which has
pierced the slip or label is made to cut or tear the label across its middle. Hence
after the can has been closed and the lid fastened down in the manner described,
the lid cannot be raised without the cutting or tearing of the slip or label, and any
raising of the lid is thereby indicated. Instead of the point for tearing the label
a knife edge may be employed, or other means of destroying, mutilating, or
cancelling the label.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melvillo Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1881.
A com-
munication from abroad by John Sutliff, senior, of Huntsville, Randolph
County, State of Missouri, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR." [A communication
from abroad by John Sutliff, senior, of Huntsville, Randolph County, State of
Missouri, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to a new or improved motor, and consists of a tubular
lever pivoted on the upper edge of a water tank, the inner or longer end of this
lever terminating in a bulb or a hollow vessel, and the outer end connected by a
connecting rod with a cog wheel engaging with a pinion on the driven shaft. This
rod is connected by means of a second connecting rod with a pivoted box containing
a weighted ball or its equivalent, which box is arranged above and attached at the
end opposite the one with which the rod connects to a bellows having a flexible
tube which leads to the tubular lever.
The operation is as follows:-The bulb or vessel on being filled with air will rise,
whereby the outer end of the lever will be lowered and the cog wheel and pinion
rotated; but at the same time that end of the box to which the end of the second
connecting rod is pivoted will be lowered, and the ball will roll down the box and
will increase the weight on that end of the box. The weight of the ball draws
downward on the rod, and thus also assists in operating the motor. As one end
of the box is lowered, however, the other end, which is attached to the bellows, must
be raised, whereby all the air will be removed from the bulb and the tubular lever,
causing the bulb to sink, whereby the outer end of the lever is raised, and the
wheel, which has made a half revolution when the lever and bulb were raised, will
complete its revolution; at the same time that end of the box to which the rod is
pivoted will be raised, and the ball will roll towards the other end which is lowered,
whereby the bellows will be compressed and air will be forced into the bulb and
pipe, causing the same to rise, and so on alternately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILK CANS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Vernon Harte at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1881.
THOMAS WILLIAM VERNON HARTE, of Reddish, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILK CANS.”
This Invention is intended to be applied to such milk cans as are employed by
farmers or dairymen for the conveyance or delivery of milk to customers.
The cans in which milk is sent out for delivery to customers by dairymen or
farmers are sometimes made with a tap at or near the bottom, and with a lid duly
locked and provided with a perforated cylindrical ventilator in the centre of the
lid, and the object of this Invention is to prevent the person in charge from
fraudulently withdrawing a portion of the milk and introducing a corresponding
quantity of water through the perforations of the ventilator (which is a fraud
sometimes committed), or rather to infallibly detect when such a fraud has been
committed or attempted.
The Invention consists in fitting inside the cylindrical ventilator beneath the
holes (which are at or near the top) a funnel and reservoir somewhat like that
known as an "exciseman's ink bottle," which when water is poured into the
perforations for the above described purpose will always retain a certain portion
therein, which cannot be got rid of by inverting the milk can or by any other
process until the lid has been unlocked and opened, and therefore it affords a
certain means of detection if any water or other fluid is introduced (or attempted
to be introduced) through the boles in the ventilator.
In some cases also I propose to make an aperture through which, as soon as the
detector reservoir has been filled to a certain extent, all further water poured in
through the perforations of the ventilator will run outside the can instead of inside,
and thus adulteration will be entirely prevented and any attempt thereat will be
infalliby detected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO WATER CLOSETS, URINALS, AND OTHER PLACES, FOR THE PREVENTION OF WASTE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Abraham McCormick at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1881.
WILLIAM ABRAHAM M°CORMICK, of Albion Road, Stoke Newington, Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF WATER TO
WATER CLOSETS, URINALS, AND OTHER PLACES, FOR THE PREVENTION OF WASTE."
The object of my Invention is to regulate the supply of water to water closets,
urinals, and other places, to prevent waste of water.
In order to carry my improvements into effect I form an outer cistern with a
lever, and also a valve to provide for inlet of water, and also an outlet at the
bottom, the said lever valve and outlet being attached to the outer cistern. This
outer cistern is provided to contain another cistern, which will contain the quantity
of water required at each flush. This inner cistern is suspended to the outer
cistern by an axle, pins, or other suitable means and is connected to the lever by
any suitable means, and is also connected to the ball cock, so that with one move-
ment of the lever the supply valve is shut off and the inner cistern inclined, so
that the contents of the inner cistern is emptied into the outer cistern, and can
then run freely through the union into the discharge pipe provided from the outer
cistern into the water closet, urinal, or other place to be flushed.
In order to provide an after flush I adopt the arrangement as before described, but
with the addition of a partition formed in the inner cistern arranged so that with
a movement of the lever the inner cistern is inclined, and part of the water runs
into the compartment. This compartment is so formed that the water cannot run
out until the inner cistern is allowed to regain its former position. On regaining
its former position the water contained in this compartment runs into the outer
cistern and thence through the union into the discharge pipe to the water closet,
urinal, or other place to be flushed. The remaining portion of the water is emptied
direct into the outer cistern, and runs through the union, and forms the first flush
as before described.
The suspension axle pins or other suitable means can be formed hollow,
so that when the valve gets out of order the water will overflow through the said

page_text: axle pin or other suitable means, so as to provide a warning of a defect in the
valve.
By these means a reliable water waste preventer, to be applied to water closets,
urinals, and other places is provided, and a warning sign formed so as to indicate
when the valve is out of order.
The apparatus in whole or part may be made of metal or any other suitable
material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE, OF AND APPLIANCES FOR PACKING SWISS EMBROIDERY, LACES, AND OTHER NARROW TRIMMINGS FOR THE MARKET
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis William Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1881.
FRANCIS WILLIAM PARKER of Crouch Hill in the County of Middlesex, Pattern
Book Maker, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE, OF AND APPLIANCES FOR PACKING
SWISS EMBROIDERY, LACES, AND OTHER NARROW TRIMMINGS FOR THE MARKET."
The object of this Invention is so to pack Swiss embroidery, laces and other
narrow trimmings for the market as to avoid the necessity for opening the packet
to withdraw therefrom a sufficient length of the goods to supply a retail customer,
and at the same time allow for opening the packet whon desired without
destroying it, in order to replace any excess length of goods drawn out or to inspect
the contents for the purpose of stock taking.
In carrying out my Invention I take four pieces of paste board say eighteen
inches long and eight inches wide and I join them together lengthways with strips
of canvas or other material to form a hinge between cach piece. Upon the paste-
board when spread out to its full length of say two feet I lay the Swiss embroidery
or other goods backwards and forwards from end to end preferably in the manner
referred to in the Specification of a Patent granted to myself and Frederick
William Barber and bearing date the 5th November 1878 No. 4469, taking care
that when folded the free end shall be in the centre of the length of board.
The pasteboard with the goods thereon is then folded to one fourth its length in
the following manner viz.-The centre of the pasteboard is raised and the two
central parts are folded down back to back onto, say, the right hand flap. These
three parts are then lifted together and folded over onto the left hand flap, and tho
folded pasteboard with the goods between is secured by an india rubber band at
either end.
The folded goods are then so placed in an envelope open at one end that the
free end of the goods will project therefrom, for the purpose of providing means by
which to draw out the length required to be measured off.
When it is desired to open the packet, the pasteboard is withdrawn from the
envelope the rubber bands are removed and the packet is placed flat on the counter
the four parts being then superposed.
The two central parts and the top flap are then raised and turned over so as to
bring the ton flap underneath.

page_text: The central parts are then raised alone and one of the flaps is drawn out, by
which means the central parts will be flattened out.
By this mode of opening the packet the folded ends which are not secured in
any way will remain undisturbed.
Any excess length of stuff which may have been drawn out can then be readily
replaced, and the number of folds at one end being counted will, when multiplied
by two, givo approximately for stocktaking the length of goods remaining in the
parcel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SOLES OF FOOT COVERINGS."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Victorien René Hervochon, of Chateaubriant, in the
Republic of France.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SOLES OF FOOT COVERINGS." A communication from abroad by
Victorien René Hervochon, of Chateaubriant, in the Republic of France.
The shoes and boots provided with the improved soles have the outward
appearance of ordinary (rivetted) boots, inasmuch as the upper and a part of the
soles is made of leather, or of leather and cloth, the difference being only in the
interior of the sheets which form the whole sole.
The sole is composed of three principal parts, namely, a thin sheet of leather,
which comes in contact with the foot, a strong sheet of leather, which forms the
base and touches the ground, and a sheet of tinned iron or copper or other flexible
material placed between the outer and the inner sheet of leather.
The upper of the boot or shoe is hermetically fixed on the metal sheet by small
copper rivets which pass through the upper, the metal sheet, and the inner sole, so
that the strong outer sole can be removed when required without deformation of
the boot or shoe, whereby repairs are facilitated. After the upper has been thus
fixed the space between the borders of the upper is furnished with leather. A
moderately strong lining of leather is then fixed, and lastly the strong sheet of
leather which constitutes the outer sole, by means of longer rivets which pass
through the outer sole, the lining, the upper, the metal sheet, and the inner sole.
This latter extends to about two millimeters over the border of the metal sheet for
better protecting the upper against the contact with the metal.
The first inner sole fixed to the metal sheet may be covered by another sole
which insulates the foot against the rivets, and may be dried after having become
damp with sweat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLARDS OR CAPSTANS FOR FISHING AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Eskriett and Cyrus Eskriett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1881.
JOHN ESKRIETT and CYRUS ESKRIETT both of Great Grimsby in the County of
Lincoln, Ship & Boat Builders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLARDS OR CAPSTANS
FOR FISHING AND OTHER VESSELS,"
This Invention relates to certain improvements in stanchions or bolards for rope
securing purposes principally of ships and boats and consists of a revolving block
or "revolving bolard" mounted, a towing samson or spindle or stanchion and
securing base plate.
"
"1
The plate and stanchion or "towing samson" is made with a base plate having
holes therein for securing bolts and an annular groove is turned in the upper
face thereof so as to provide for greasing and also providing seating surfaces
for the base of the revolving bolard; the stanchion stands out from the base plate
and at its outer end is provided with a screw thread. The revolving bolard or
block is cast hollow with flanged or spreading ends somewhat similar to the
ordinary shape but at the lower end thereof is a neck piece provided extending
upward into the body or hollow of the block and turned out to fit the stanchion
so as to revolve freely thereon and act together with a corresponding neck-piece at
the top of the block as bearings upon and against the stanchion. The head of the
revolving bolard is recessed to take in flush there with a screw nut which will be
applied to the end of the stanchion to secure the bolard thereon at the same time
that it will be free to turn.
A cap plate is secured on the head of the bolard over all to enclose the screw
nut and prevent same coming loose. The body of the bolard may be packed with
hemp and tallow for lubrication.
The bottom part or base plate and stanchion is mainly intended for towing
or hauling fishing-gear with, when at sea fishing, the revolving part being used for
paying out and hauling the fishing gear in with the fish and is what is called a
revolving bolard." It may be remarked that "bolards" are in use now but they
are chiefly wooden bolards and fixtures and do not revolve which does not answer
for wire ropes which are fast taking the place of hempen ropes whereas the
revolving bolard answers for both wire and hempen ropes.
""

page_text: The stanchion or bolard is equally useful for making ropes fast thereto or laying
the same around or for other like purposes for which a stanchion is employed at
the same time that it acts as well as a roller for preventing undue friction or the
ropes when same are being payed out or hauled in. The construction is simple
and effective and affords great strength with lightness of parts at the same time
that lubrication can be readily effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING OR APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1881.
A com-
munication from abroad by Anna Di Viani, of Genoa, in the Kingdom of
Italy.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of
23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING OR APPLYING MOTIVE POWER."
A communication from abroad by Anna Di Viani, of Genoa, in the Kingdom of
Italy.
This apparatus consists of a motive lever working upon an axis carried by a
suitable support or standard, and by its end transmitting by the aid of an arm or
connecting rod three fold the power exerted upon it to a pair of discs which work
as a crank shaft, and give rotary motion to a balance lever provided at each end
with any given weight, and thereby developing great power.
It is clear that with this arrangement the weight placed at the end of the
balance lever should correspond to the power necessary to give the required motion,
or to raise a given weight, and that it suffices to put a sufficient distance between
the operated end of the lever and its axis to obtain always a continuous action by
means of human, steam, or other power, and that with this power the heaviest
weights can be raised.
This apparatus is of very simple construction, is of the greatest economy, and
envolves no danger.
In applying this Invention to the raising of water, a column of water can be
carried to any height by the aid of one man, or of oue steam horse power.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMB-CLEANER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Hubert Ullrich, of Leipzig, Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COMB-CLEANER." A communication from abroad by Hubert Ullrich, of Leipzig,
Saxony.
The object of this Invention is to provide an efficient though cheap instrument
for cleaning combs in a very short time. A two branched fork of any convenient
size or shape and provided with a handle, carries a number of thin parallel wires
or strips of metal which are stretched from one branch of the fork to the other and
secured to the ends of the branches in any suitable manner. For cleaning the
comb the metal strips or wires of the instrument are introduced between the teeth
of the comb. Rough stuff or brushes may be adapted at the sides of the fork for
the purpose of wiping the combs after cleaning.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RYMER FOR WOOD AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1881.
A communication from the Werkzeug und Maschinenfabrik Oerlikon, at
Oerlikon, near Zurich, Switzerland.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the Firm of J. Brandt &
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany. "A NEW OR IMPROVED RYMER FOR WOOD AND OTHER
MATERIALS." A communication from the Werkzeug und Maschinenfabrik
Oerlikon, at Oerlikon, near Zurich, Switzerland.
This rymer is for ryming up cylindrical holes so as to make them truly conical,
and is specially useful for cart and coach builders for ryming up the hole through the
nave of a wheel, and for coopers for ryming up bung and spile holes.
The instrument consists of two halves or parts, which at the lower end are united
by hinge pin, and form a hollow space or tube; on the upper end they are held
together by a key or handle. One or both halves are formed with notches
constituting a longitudinal slot fitted with a steel cutter blade, something like a
plane iron, which may be fastened by means of screws having a narrow slot for the
shavings.
The shavings accumulate in the interior of the rymer, and can be removed when
it is opened, for which purpose the key has to be taken off first. Similarly the
rymer must be opened when the cutter has to be set or exchanged.
This rymer may also be applied in connection with lathes and drilling machines,
and would for that purpose be put in the chuck, or back centre lathe spindle, or
drils pindle.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO SOUNDING MACHINES, PRESSURE GAUGES, AND OTHER APPARATUS WHERE AIR OR OTHER COMPRESSIBLE MEDIUM IS COMPRESSED BY MEANS OF A LIQUID, OR WHERE DIFFERENCES OF QUANTITY OF LIQUID HAVE TO BE ACCURATELY GAUGED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bassnett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1881.
THOMAS BASSNETT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO SOUNDING MACHINES, PRESSURE GAUGES, AND OTHER APPARATUS
WHERE AIR OR OTHER COMPRESSIBLE MEDIUM IS COMPRESSED BY MEANS OF A
LIQUID, OR WHERE DIFFERENCES OF QUANTITY OF LIQUID HAVE TO BE ACCURATELY
GAUGED."
This Invention was designed chiefly for application to my patent sounder, but
also is applicable for measuring small increments to volumes of liquid, and especially
when those increments decrease rapidly in size of individual increment as the entire
quantity is increased, such as when water is forced into a container against the
pressure of confined air by increasing the head of water. It consists in a tube cut
in two diagonally from near the side at one end to, say, an inch from the other end,
then draught across the wide part, the cut in its diagonal direction not being
straight but in a long curve somewhat resembling an ogee, in such manner that if
the half tube be closed at its cut side and ends and water be forced over and into one
end against the pressure of the containing air, the water will rise and compress the
air equal or nearly increments of height for equal increments of pressure. In
applying it to iny patent sounder I usually get a brass tube, say, nine to eighteen
inches long, cut it in two in the manner named, place a thin blade or piece of brass
between the two severed pieces of tube bent at right angles at the turn, and braze
all together. The narrow end of the accurately gauged and longer portion is placed
uppermost, and is in communication with the other half through a small hole
drilled in the short part of the plate bent at right angles. The smaller portion of
the tube is open to the sea at the bottom by means of a cock or otherwise. The
accurately gauged portion is hermetically closed except where communicating with
the other portion, and at two communications opening to a water gauge glass at
side, one above and the other below. I also place a cock at bottom of this part of
the tube to draw off the water after the observation has been made.
This mode of splotting the tube does away with the difficulty apparently
insurmountable, except at a great increase of cost in making a taper tube graduated
to the right curve, as a tube can be drawn to be of accurately equal diameter

page_text: throughout, and by placing the tube in a steel template cut to the required curve
the tube can be accurately sawn or slotted out in the template. In some cases the
other half of the tube can be dispensed with, and any form of passage for the water
to rise and compress the air up to and through into the accurately gauged tube can
be used especially in such a case as this. The accurately gauged tube could be
made rectangular in cross section, but I do not see any advantage in such section.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE BACKBONES OF BICYCLES AND OTHER FRAMES, WHERE GREAT STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS ARE REQUIRED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edgar Siddons Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1881.
EDGAR SIDDONS WILSON, of Egremont, in the County of Chester. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE BACKBONES OF BICYCLES AND OTHER FRAMES,
WHERE GREAT STRENGTH AND LIGHTNESS ARE REQUIRED."
33
In bicycles and tricycles it is very desirable to have a strong light back-bone.
With this object cylindrical tubes have been used, tapering down to the end where
the fork is brazed on. The nearly vertical transverse strains however to which
these tubes are subjected are apt to bend them or cause them to lengthen out
between the wlieels.
To obviate this, oval tubes were invented. These are stronger than the round
ones for the purpose of counteracting these nearly vertical strains, but they are
very different in lateral strength.
To obviate this and secure other advantages, hereafter enumerated, I use two
(or more) tubes, preferably oval or eliptical in section. These are secured together
at the point where the fork is usually brazed on, and, themselves branching out
from that point, each form a prong of the fork, thus obviating all necessity for
brazing a separate fork on. The two tubes are preferably kept a little apart from
the point before mentioned, where they are united, until below the saddle they are
some distance apart, but preferably stayed or fastened together at or near this point.
As they approach the front fork they again near each other, and are preferably
united or bound together at the junction with the head.
This form of framework is applicable in other cases where great strength and
lightness are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND CLEARING PASSAGES IN ICE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fortescue Flannery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1881.
JAMES FORTESCUE FLANNERY, of 9, Fenchurch St., in the City of London, in
the County of Middlesex, England, Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING AND CLEARING PASSAGES IN ICE, ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER PURPOSES."
.
The clearing a passage for ships, barges, &c., through ice that they may proceed
either to or from port, has always been a work of great expense, and has up to the
present time been chiefly effected by hand, and therefore any economical means by
which a quick communication by water could be made in rivers or canals frozen
up would be of great commercial value and is an increasing necessity year by year.
In all cases where at great expense and under great difficulty a communication has
been kept open by breaking the ice, the masses of floating ice are the great obstacle
to the passage of any ship or barge, and by freezing together make it necessary in
a very short time to do the whole of the work over again, and therefore if at the
time of cutting, the severed ice is cleared away, it is obviously a very great
advantage.
My Invention has for its objects the quick and economical clearance of a
passage through ice for ships or barges, either frozen in in the ice in rivers, canals,
or elsewhere, or requiring to enter or leave a port blocked by ice. My Invention
consists in applying to a ship or ships of suitable size and shape properly
proportioned gear for driving a sufficient number of circular or other saws at the
bow or bows for dividing the ice, and in providing an arrangement on each side of
the bows of the ship or ships somewhat similar to a plough or to the cowcatcher
on an American locomotive, which may be formed so as to depress the ice cut
away, or to raise it in relation to the level of the main sheet of ice through which
the passage is to be cut, and to push it under or over sufficiently far in relation to
the remaining ice on each side of the ship, where, from its weight in the one case
and its tendency to float in the other, it will remain; or the necessary lateral
motion after the ice has been cut by the saws and depressed or raised by the
ploughs may be given by the form of the bows of the vessel or vessels. I propel

page_text: my ship or ships as found most convenient, either by screw, stern paddle-wheel,
side paddle-wheels, or by suitable apparatus for propulsion by means of a grip upon
the ice, or by other means. Should it be necessary, adjustable fenders may be
provided on each side of the ship or ships for guidance, or to insure steadiness
in working, or to assist in the lateral thrust upon the cut ice.
My Invention is applicable to other purposes, among which can be stated the
cutting of clean ice on lakes or ponds to be stored in ice houses for consumption in
summer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SURFACING ASPHALTE AND OTHER RESINOUS OR BITUMINOUS ROADWAYS, PAVEMENTS, AND SIMILAR SURFACES, IN ORDER TO RENDER THE SAME SLIPLESS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Septimus Clarence Joyce at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th March 1881.
SEPTIMUS CLARENCE JOYCE, of Wood Green, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SURFACING ASPHALTE AND OTHER RESINOUS OR
BITUMINOUS ROADWAYS, PAVEMENTS, AND SIMILAR SURFACES, IN ORDER TO
RENDER THE SAME SLIPLESS."
.
This process consists of drawing or scratching a figure upon the newly laid
asphalte or other substance while yet warm, or afterwards, a diamond or other
pattern, which pattern is to be at once cut out 3/8 of an inch wide at top, and deep,
more or less, the cutting being a triangular one down to a point or almost a point
at the bottom, and quickly as possible to be traced through with a hot iron, so as
to make it perfectly smooth and hard; or the pattern may be at once burnt in with
hot irons without being previously cut out. The pattern thus clearly indented or
made into the asphalte or other substance, may be left open or filled in with grit
and cement, the pattern causing a rough surface, whether left open or closed up as
described, the effect of which will be to render the surface slipless and roughened,
and give a firm foothold to horses, and thus vastly lessen or altogether prevent the
accidents caused to valuable horses and human life by the exceedingly slippery
surface of asphalte and similar roadways and pavements laid under the old systems,
especially during the prevalence of certain winds, and while in a half wet state. I
also stamp with a hot iron a small pattern, such as a star, in the centre of each of
the diamond or other figures deeply cut or burnt in as above described. The deep
diamond or other pattern can also serve to drain the surface, and prevent puddles
to a great extent. Roadways, pavements, etc., already laid, may be subjected to
the above process, and thus rendered slipless.
IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING VISION."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Adie at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1881.
PATRICK ADIE, of 15, Pall Mall, in the County of Middlesex.
IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR ASSISTING VISION."
"IMPROVEMENTS
For effecting my first improvement I take a pair of ordinary spectacles, either
made of extra width or with a moveable or fixed frame jointed or otherwise fitted
outside each of the eye rings. In the first case the outside portion of each lens,
or in the second the lenses or glasses in the moveable frames, are made into mirrors,
by which means for boating or driving or such usos I am enabled easily to see
behind me; and in order to give clearer vision when the eye is turned to one side
or the other I groy or blacken a small portion of the iusido cuds, that is, tho parts
next the nose, the lenses being either flat glass or worked to suit the sight of the
wearer.
AN IMPROVED TOILETTE VINEGAR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Allison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Emile Redarés and Louis Bouviez, both of Marseilles, in the
Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of the Firm of Allison Brothers, Patent Agents, of
41, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN
IMPROVED TOILETTE VINEGAR." A communication from abroad by Emile
Redarés and Louis Bouviez, both of Marseilles, in the Republic of France.
This vinegar consists in the combination of the extracts of the following plants
and roots, viz-Angelica root, great valerianece root, neon athamantique root,
imperatoire root, gentian root, asclepias root, carlina root, koempferia root,
tormentilla root, rind of dried lemon, lemon pips, juniper berries, scordium leaves,
marrubium of candia leaves, centaurea benedicta leaves, small centaurea leaves,
orange flowers, and flowers of red roses.
This vinegar is employed for the toilette. It may be applied to the nostrils, to
the temples, to the stomach, and on the wrists; a small sponge may be dipped in it
and carried in a small box pierced with small holes..
This toilette vinegar, which is anti-contagious, possesses great virtues, principally
against all contagious or epidemic diseases. It prevents decay, and is very suitable
for curing bites from venomous animals.
The mode of preparation is as follows:-All the roots, lemon rind, and the seeds
or berries are well crushed, and the herbs are cut. They are put into a large glass
vessel or receptacle, where good vinegar is poured upon them, and the whole is well
agitated. The vessel or receptacle is then closed and exposed to the heat of the
sun for 10 or 15 days, at the end of which time the liquid is drawn off and the
solid materials are well pressed.
For 25 litres of vinegar, 50 grammes of each of the plants, roots, or seeds,
indicated are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALE TIES OR BALE FASTENINGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Stiff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1881.
WILLIAM CHARLES STIFF, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BALE TIES OR BALE FASTENINGS,"
In making a bale tie or bale fastening according to my Invention I take a piece
of iron or steel rod, or strong iron or steel wire, or rod or wire of other strong
metal or alloy, preferably of about three inches in length, and somewhat more
than a quarter of an inch in diameter, although I do not limit myself to these
proportions. I bend or double the said wire or rod at about one third of its
length, so as to bring the two parts parallel to and at a short distance from one
another. The long part or arm is bent at right angles at about its middle, and the
bent part is arched or formed into a semi-circle over the end of the short part or
arm. The said arched part is concentric with the short arm, over which it is
situated, there being a sufficient distance between the said short arm and the
arched part to permit of a loop on one end of the bale band or strip of hoop iron
or steel to pass onto the said short arm.
In using my improved bale tie or bale fastening a loop on one end of the bale
band or strip of hoop iron or steel is looped to the long arm of the fastening. The
other end of the said band or strip, bent into a loop, is passed onto the short arm,
the tie or fastening having been turned about the long arm through such an angle
as to prevent the arched part from obstructing the passage of the loop onto the
short arm. When the loop has been pushed home on the short arm, and the parts
allowed to take the positions to which the tension of the band urges them, the two
arms of the tie or fastening and the ends of the band are brought into a plane
parallel to the surface of the bale on which they lie. The arched part of the long
arm now prevents the loop on the short arm from passing off the said short arm,
and the fastening of the band is complete. In order to remove the band the tie or
fastening must be turned through nearly a quadrant about the long arm, when the
arched part no longer opposes the sliding of the loop from off the short arm.
The said arched part serves also as a support to the short arm, should the

page_text: pressure upon the fastening be so great as to cause the fastening to give way at
the bend.
The fastening may be modified in the following manner :-
The long arm may only slightly exceed in length the short arm, the extreme
end of the long arm in this case being bent at right angles, so as to prevent the
loop from passing off the arm.
Or the fastening may be further modified as follows:-The two arms may be
made of the same length, and the extreme ends of both arms bent at right angles,
the two bent ends being parallel.
I make the loop at one or both ends of the band tubular instead of trough like.
The said tubular loops cannot pass off the fastening except by motion in the line
of the arms, and the rivetting of one of the loops ordinarily resorted to is
unnecessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lister Walker and John
Walmsley Jowett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
9th May 1881.
JOHN LISTER WALKER, Gas Meter Inspector, and JOHN WALMSLEY JOWETT, Gas
Stoker, both of Elland, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS."
This Invention relates to improved apparatus whereby the gas as carbonized or
made in the retorts shall have a free and uninterrupted passage way to the
hydraulic "foul mains ;" and the sealing or closing the dip of the H pipes is used
only for the purpose of preventing escape and waste of gas during the time the lid
of the mouthpiece of the retort is removed whilst the retort is being charged.
According to this our Invention we dispense with the ordinary dip of the dip
pipe in the tar and liquor contained in the "hydraulic main," and mount in slings
or by guide or suspending rods passing through stuffing boxes in two or more of
the dip pipes a trough containing tar and liquor, a lever or levers and chain being
so connected with the guide rods and trough referred to that when the lid of the
mouthpiece of the retort is removed for "charging," the trough is raised so as to
immerse or seal the lower ends of the dip pipes and so prevent the backing or
return and waste of gas through or by way of the open retort. When the charging
is complete and the retort is closed or sealed, the trough is lowered, so leaving the
ends of the dip pipes open, and there is a free and open way for the gas to the
hydraulic main, and thence forward to be treated in the ordinary way.