Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Washing Soap.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1892-Accepted, 20th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Washing Soap.
A communication by FAUSTIN HLAWATY, Chemist, and ALFRED KANITZ,
Banker, both of Helferstorferstrasse 6, Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
1, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool and 6 Bank Street,
Manchester both in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The production of this improved washing soap, by the warm method, is carried
out in the following way:
First. Equivalent quantities, by weight, of caustic soda, in lye form, are
employed for saponifying colophony, but there is added to the soda lye ten to
twenty five per cent. of a clearing salt or chloride of sodium or potassium, and when
this added substance has been dissolved the colophony is boiled with this mixture
to a soap. In order to still more improve this soap carbonic acid is introduced until
the soap assumes a semi-hard condition.
Second. Instead of making use of the expensive caustic soda lye, the colophony
can be boiled with the cheap raw soda or with the carbonate of soda, to which lye
there is also added a clearing salt or chloride of sodium or potassium. The presence
of the chloride of sodium or potassium has the effect that during the boiling of the
resin with the soda, the carbonic acid does not at all escape but on the contrary the
finished soap, as is also the case with the best fatty soaps, floats on the top and
separates out from the under lyc.
In order to make this colophony soap still more perfect, there is introduced during
the boiling of the colophony to soap, carbonic acid, or even there may be added to
the soda lyc, or to the carbonate of soda lye, or to the raw soda lyc, so much
bi-carbonate of soda as to take one and a half of the carbonate of soda lye out of
the entire mass of soda lye necessary for saponifying the resinons acid, and so the
colophony will become saponified.
Since the natural soda, obtained from shore and sea plants, owing to the quantity
of its salt (chloride of sodium) is suited for the production of soap from colophony,
there may be employed for the saponification of the colophony the Spanish soda
called
Barille," or, the French Salicor, Blanquette, Varee," or the English
Kelp."
A much better colophonium soap can be produced out of one and a half carbonate
of soda (2 NaO, 3 CO., 4 HO) called Trona or Urao.
It will be understood that the same objects will be attained by the employment
of a mixture, in concentrated solution, of caustic soda, of carbonate, one and a half
carbonate, and bi-carbonate of soda lye with the addition of chloride of sodium.
In order to impart to the colophonium soap the appearance of the best fatty
soaps, there is added to the finished soap five to twenty per cent. of borax or two to
ten per cent. of boracic acid, such being intimately mixed with the colophonium
soap.
There may naturally be added to the colophony soap any desired percentage of
soap produced from animal or vegetable fats or oils.
When the soap is to be produced by the cold method, pulverized colophony is
mixed with an equivalent quantity of caustic soda lye, whereby the chemical
combination of resinous acid with caustic soda takes place and a new substance
(soap) is formed. There may be added to the so formed soap either equivalent
parts by weight of soda, raw soda or one and a half. carbonate of soda, or else

page_text: a corresponding mixture of carbonate or bi-carbonate of soda and it is intimately
mixed till the soda, or the one and a half carbonate, or preferably, bi-carbonate of
soda combines with the part of the colophony which has not combined the caustic
soda whereupon the resinous soap assumes a hard consistency.
The soap so formed is put in an airy place so that it may be fully dried when it
will become suited for the markets.
In order to make the resinous soap (colophony soap) still more perfect such, soap
may be mixed in any desired proportions with the prepared warm soap from animal
or vegetable fat and which is in a liquid condition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The application of a clearing salt or chloride of sodium or potassium to caustic
soda before the colophony is saponified with the caustic soda lye, and not in the
reverse way.
2. The application of raw soda, of carbonate,-
-oue and a half carbonate,-or
bi-carbonate of soda; or any mixture of caustic soda, raw soda, carbonate of
soda,- -one and a half carbonate, and bi-carbonate of soda lye, with the addition
of chloride of sodium or potassium for the saponification of colophony as described.
3. The saponification of colophony with one and a half carbonate of soda called
"Urao or Trona," with the English soda Kelp" containing chloride of sodium,
with the Spanish "Barille," or with the French "Salicor," "Blanquette," "Varec,"
as described.
4. The application of carbonic acid in the saponification of colophony.
5. The application of boracic acid or of borax to the resinous soap as described.
6. The hardening of the soap with the one and a half carbonate of soda (instead
of as has hitherto been usual with the Eschweger soap by means of crystal soda).
7. The production of soap from the resins of pine trees (colophony) by the
cold method, by means of an intimate mixing of colophony with caustic soda lye as
'described.
8. The addition of carbonate,-one and a half carbonate, or bi-carbon te of
soda, or any mixture of such, to the resinous soap; or also of raw soap as
described.
9. The mixing of the resinous soap with soap produced from vegetable or animal
fats or oils as described.
1
י
1005
Fibed.
ofJuly
h day of July 1992.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.