IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR PRINTING, DYEING, COLORING, OR STAINING, AND OTHERWISE DONDARING VADES OR TERBANG PAD VARIOUS MANITARIURINA DURDASS"
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Weild, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS FOR PRINTING, DYEING, COLORING, OR STAINING, AND OTHERWISE
DONDARING VADES OR TERBANG PAD VARIOUS MANITARIURINA DURDASS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Weild at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
April 1857.
I, WILLIAM WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENTS FOR PRINTING, DYEING, COLORING, OR STAINING, AND OTHERWISE
PREPARING YARNS OR THREADS FOR VARIOUS MANUFACTURING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention refers to the preparation of party-colored yarns or threads,
the colors of which will form a required design, either singly, or when a
number of them are arranged and combined together in the fabric to.bo
produced.
The improvements relate, firstly, to means or arrangements for giving one
uniform tension to the yarns or threads to be colored. And they-consist in

page_text: causing a fixed and uniform weight to act upon each thread between the
bobbin or swift, from which the thread is withdrawn, and the printing or
coloring table or drum.
Secondly, these improvements relate to means or arrangements for limiting
each color or shade of color, or for preventing adjoining colors or shades of
color from spreading or running into each other. And they consist, in fixing
clamps, pincers, or straight edges, upon the threads previous to the application
of the color at those points where one color or shade of color is to commence,
and another is to terminate. These clamps or pincers may be left on the
threads during the subsequent steaming and drying operations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Weild in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th
October 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I WILLIAM
WEILD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of our reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Weild, Her especial license that I, the said William Weild, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Weild, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agreo
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGE-
MENTS FOR PRINTING, DYEING, COLORING, OR STAINING, AND OTHERWISE PREPARING
YARNS OR THREADS FOR VARIOUS MANUFACTURING PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Weild, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Weild, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
This Invention refers to the preparation of party-colored yarns or threads,.
the colors of which will form a required design, either singly, or when a.
number of them aro arranged and combined together in the fabric to be
produced.
"
The improvements relate, firstly, to means or arrangements for giving
uniform tension to the yarns or threads to be colored. And they consist in
causing a fixed and uniform weight to act upon cach thread between tho
bobbin or swift, from which the thread is withdrawn, and the drum or swift
upon which it is wound.
The manner in which this part of my Invention may be carried into effect.
is illustrated by Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, which exhibits three-
views of a machine for winding thread into hanks preparatory to receiving
color; Fig. 1 a side, and Fig. 2 a front elevation; and Fig. 3 a plan view.
a is the drum; a', its axis supported in pedestals on the frames A; b, fast
and loose driving pulleys on first motion shaft b; b, pinion gearing with
wheel (a) on drum axis (a'); 63, bevel wheel on shaft b', gearing with one c,
on oblique shaft c³, in bearings attached to side frame. This shaft (c) com-
municates motion by bevel wheels to a shaft d, upon which drums (d') are
fixed. The gearing is arranged so that the surface speed of these drums (d¹)
corresponds to the surface speed of the large drum (a), so that they will
unwind the bobbins, from which the yarn or thread is to be withdrawn, at the
same speed as the large drum (a) will take it up. These bobbins (f) are
each placed upon an axis, which is held in a lever frame (1) having its
fulcrum (2) on a rod passing between the side framing, the bobbin (f) being
pressed against the drum (d') to give sufficient adhesion to revolve it by a
weight (f) suspended on the lever frame (1). The thread from each bobbin
passes over a rod (f 4), then descends in the form of a loop, and then passes
through the guide (9), which' distributes it evenly on the surface of the drum
(a). Proper tension is given to the thread by a weight (9¹) suspended upon.
the loop formed by the thread. Such weight (9) ranges freely in vertical
guides, formed by bars (92) having grooves in them. In arranging the
surface speeds of the delivery and receiving drums (d and d¹), it will be best
to let the difference of speed, if any, be a slight excess of delivery; in which
case the descent of the weight suspended on each loop of the thread will tako
up the excess, the weight being brought to the upper part of its range at the

page_text: commencement of the winding of each hank or set of hanks. The distributing
guides (9) are placed upon a bar (h) which slides in bearings formed on the
framing; part of the bar is screwed, and passes through the screwed boss of a
wheel '; this wheel is arranged so as not to move sideways, a groove being
cut in its boss, into which enters a bracket (2) secured to the framing; the
rotation of the wheel (h'), first one way and then the other, causes the bar (h).
to traverse backwards and forwards as required. The traverso bar (h) is
square at one end, and slides in a square hole forming its bearing in the frame
at that end, which prevents it rotating by the friction of the screw wheel (h').
The wheel (h) is a worm wheel, and geers with a worm (h) on an oblique
shaft (h), having on its lower end a bevel wheel. The lower end of the.
oblique shaft (h 4) is carried by a bracket (h), free to slide on the shaft d, by
moving which the bevel wheel on the oblique shaft can be brought in gear.
with either of the two bevel wheels on the shaft (d), and thus motion can be
given to the oblique shaft in either direction.
The machine, shown by Sheet 1, will be herein-after further referred to in
describing the next part of 1 my Invention.
Secondly, these improvements relate to means or arrangements for limiting
cach color or shade of.color, or for preventing adjoining colors or shades of.
color from spreading or running into each other. And they consist in fixing
clamps, pincers, or straight edges, upon the threads previous to the application
of the color at those points where one color or shade of color is to commence,
and another is to terminato. These clamps or pincers are left on the threads
during the subsequent steaming operation.
The best method of carrying this part of my Invention into effect is as
follows: First, wind the yarn or thread to be colored in the form of an hank,
of such length as shall be equal at least to the repeat of the design to be
colored on the threads; second, take the hank so prepared, and set it out by
applying nippers or clamps at the boundary of each color, according to the
design; third, apply the color.
The machinery or arrangements by which these operations may be accom-
plished are various, and I do not confine myself to any particular arrange-
iments, but shall describe such as I believe best adapted for these purposes.
First, the yarn or thread to be colored may be formed into hanks by means
of the ordinary "printing drum" used for coloring yarn or thread according to
a design, but a modification of it similar to that shown by Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
Sheet 1, will be more applicable to the purpose. The drum (a) in this case is
of the same construction as the ordinary "printing drum," and has the same
arrangements for slackening the banks when they are to be removed from the

page_text: drum; but this object is further facilitated by the drum having its axis
supported on bearings entirely on one side, so that there is no framing to
displace before the hanks are removed. As the machine is used merely to
form the hanks, one of them will produce as many banks as several of the
ordinary machines, where the hanks are colored after being formed while on
the drum. When the threads are wound on the drum, clamps or combs are.
applied to cach hank at opposite sides of the drum before the hank is removed,
the object of this being to secure the parallelism of the threads as when on, the
drum. The application of the clamps, nippers,. or combs, is facilitated by.
leaving spaces in the circumference of the drum, as shewn at a*. The hank
thus formed is taken to the machine for dividing and applying the clamps or
nippers. A machine for this purpose is represented on Sheet 2, by Figs. 4, 5,
6, and 7. Fig. 4, front elevation; Fig. 5, end elevation; Fig. 6, sectional
elevation; Fig. 7, plan view. This machine consists of a bed or tablo (a)
supported on two feet (A). At one end of the table a stud (6) is fixed, on:
which a peculiar toothed drum b' is placed, free to rotate. At the other end
of the bed of the machine is carried in bearings the axis (c) of a lever (c¹)..
In the end of this lever a stud 6 is fixed, upon which is placed a drum b³,
corresponding to that before mentioned as at the other end of the bed.. On
the axis (c) of the lever (c') a worm wheel (c) is fixed, which gears with a
worm (c) on one end of a short shaft (c4), carried on bearings on the end
frame or foot supporting the bed. On the other end of this short shaft an
hand wheel (c) is placed. By means of this hand wheel (c) the lever (c') is
made to move on its axis in one direction till a projection (c*) from it comes.
against the end framing. The object of this arrangement is to tighten tho
hank when placed on the drums (6) to one definite and uniform extent, and
to slacken the hank when to be removed from the drums (6'). The length to.
which the bank is stretched is in an exact ratio corresponding to that to which
the design paper is formed. The bed (a) is constructed similar to a lathe bed,.
having a slide rest (d) to move upon it, this slide having a shaft (d') carried
by it, upon which a toothed pinion (d2) is placed, that geers with a toothed.
rack d³ that is formed in the bed (a), so that the rotation of the shaft (d').
will cause the slide (d) to move along the bed. In this slide (d) another slide
(e) is formed, as shewn; this slide (e) receives motion from a pinion (e¹) on the
end of the shaft (d') in the main slide d, which gears with a wheel (²) on
one end of a short shaft (); a pinion (e*) on the other end of this gears with.
teeth formed on the slido (e). With this arrangement it will be seen that the.
main slide (d) cannot be moved without imparting to the small slide (e) a:
corresponding motion in the ratio given by the wheels by which they are.

page_text: a
geared together. Now, this ratio is that between the design paper, and the
length of the yarn required to form the pattern or design. The design paper
is fixed upon boards (e 5), which can be readily attached to and removed
from the small slide (e); these boards include, say, d the length of the
design as applied to the wholo length of the hank; or, say, the design repeats
three times in the length of the hank. Then, when the hank has been placed
on the drums (¹); and properly stretched, tho slido (d) is moved till the
pointer (e) is opposite the commencement or zero of the design; if that is a
division of color, a clamp or nipper (y) is applied to tho hank, a ledge (d') on
the slide (d) under the bank forming guide to the correct placing of the
clamp or nipper; then the slide (d) is moved till the pointer comes opposito
the next division of color on the design paper, when another clamp is fixed on
the liank, and so on to the end of the design paper, at which position the
slide (d) will be at one end of the bed; then the yarn is pinched by a clamp
attached to the main slide (d) formed by a piece (d'); screwed down on the
part of the main slide by thumb screws. When the clamp is thus secured to
the hank, the main slide (d) is moved back till the pointer again comes
opposite the zero of the design, taking with it the hank which moves round
the drums (6); the hold of the hank by the clamp on the main slide is then
released, and the operation of fixing the clamps on the bank according to the
design paper is then repeated as before described. The bank is moved back
with the slide as often as required to completely divido it. If the design.
"repents" only once in the entire length of the hank, it is divided into three
equal parts, and the boards containing each division of the design paper are
supplied to and fixed in the small slide (e) in their proper order. Otherwise,
the design must be formed on three adjoining lines of the design paper, the
second line being a continuation of the first, and the third of the second. The
teeth of the drums (61) are made of thin metal, so as to adimit the clamps
between them when passing round. The end of one of the studs (6), upon
which the drums b' are placed, may be screwed to receive a tapped or screwed
hand wheel, by means of which the drum' may be held from moving by accident
during the operation of fixing the clamps on the hank. The machine may be
readily made double, so as to operate to divide an hank on each side at the
same time. The bed may be also extended in length, so that arrangements of
several sets of drums (6) may be applied to the same bed with one small slido
arranged on the bed for each hank. to be operated upon, these slides merely
acting as guides, and pointers to the correct placing of the clamps, and as
clamps to draw on the hanks after the completion of the division of each
section or repeat of the design; the small slides being all attached to a bar

page_text: forming a connection with the main slide (d); by this means one reading of the
design will answer for all the hanks under operation at the same time..
The clamps or nippers used in these operations are constructed, as shewn by
the Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, Sheet 1; Fig. 8, a front, Fig. 9, side view of
one mode of construction; Fig. 10, a front, and Fig. 11, side view of another
mode of construction.
In the modification represented by Fig. 8 and 9, the bars (a) are formed of
hard wood, having edges (b) of glass fixed in them; the lower bar has links
(c) attached to it, by means of which, and small wedges (d), the edge of the
upper bar is brought firmly against the edge of the lower bar, when the threads
of the hank are between them.
In the modification represented by Figs. 10 and 11, both bars (a) are formed
of metal (wrought iron) coated with glass or other enamel capable of resisting
the chemical action of the colors employed; those bars are held together when
applied to the threads by links (e), as shewn; the ends of the upper bar are
slightly inclined, so that when the links are forced over them into the vertical
position, they will draw the bars firmly together. When the hanks have
had the clamps or pincers applied to them in the dividing machine, they
are taken to a table, shewn by Fig. 12 and 13; the first is a front elovation;
the last a sectional elevation, which has two drums (6') and arrange-
ments for stretching the hank precisely as in the dividing machine. In
this machine or table the color is applied to the hank by hand with a brush
or other suitable instrument between each division formed by the clamps,
according to the design, the board (f) under the upper part of the hank being
merely to prevent the color from falling on the lower part of the hank, which
is represented on Sheet 2 by the lines (*).
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the modes in which
it may be carried into effect, I claim,―
Firstly, the mode of giving uniform tension to yarn wound on a drum or
swift in the form of an hank, preparatory to being colored, by suspending a
weight on each thread between the swift or bobbin from which it is withdrawn,
and the drum or swift on which it is wound, substantially as described in the
first division of this Specification.
Secondly, I claim the system or method of printing, staining, or colouring
hanks of yarn or thread according to design, with party-color, after they are
removed from the drum or swift upon which they where formed, substantially
as herein-before described.
Thirdly, 1 claim the system or method of applying clamps or pincers to

page_text: yarns or threads to be colored with party-color, at each division or change of
color or shade of color, in the manner and for the purpose herein-before
described in the second division of this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Weild, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Fifteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.