IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING COM- POUNDS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mrs. Bridget French, of the City of Rochester, in
the County of Monroc, and State of New York, United States of
America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING COM-
POUNDS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bridget French at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on
the 29th June 1874.
I, Mrs. BRIDGET FRENCH, of the City of Rochester, in the County
of Monroe, and State of New York, United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRI-
CATING COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination with petroleum or
equivalent oil of paraffine with other ingredients for the purpose of
forming a lubricating compound; it also consists in the employment
with the same of steatite or soapstone, or Fronch chalk for producing a
heavier grade of the same material.

page_text: The proportions of the several ingredients may be varied as necessity
may require.
For a light oil for summer use the following are preferable, namely
petroleum, 1 gallon; paraffine, 1 ounce; tallow, 3 ounces; soda, one
half ounce.
For a heavier oil I prefer the following:-Petroleum, 1 gallon ;
paraffine, 4 ounces; tallow, 6 ounces; steatite or soapstone, 8 ounces;
soda, 1 ounce.
5
The tallow may be dispensed with, in which case the following pro-
portions are preferable :-Petroleum, 1 gallon; paraffine, 6 ounces; 1
steatite, 8 ounces.
Plumbago may be used cither alone or combined with the steatito or
French chalk, and the paraffine or its equivalent will exort the same
effect of holding the solid mattor in suspension by adhesion of the
minuto particles which float through the oil, thereby preventing pre- :
cipitation to the bottom.
By the means above described I can make a light or heavy grade of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Bridget French in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 23rd December 1874.
"J
:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BRIDGET
FRENCH, of the City of Rochester, in the County of Monroe, and State
of New York, United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,

page_text: 7:
give and grant unto me, the said Bridget French, Her special licence
that I, the said Bridget French, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Bridget French, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Bridget French, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bridget French, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object, of my Invention is to produce a lubricating compound,
which is adapted either to light or heavy machinery, and for this pur-
pose I make it of different grades of density or consistency.
I employ in all the several grades petroleum, tallow, and soda, and
combine with these materials, according to the grade, paraffine or wax or
both; also soapstono, or French chalk, or both; also plumbago used
either with or without the soapstone or French chalk, all as herein-after
described.
The neonations of the materials in the several grades may be varied.

page_text: Soda -
-
One ounce.
•
Five ounces.
Paraffine or wax, or a mixture
of both
-
Soapstone, or French chalk or
a mixture of both
For the third grade,—
Petroleum
Tallow
Soda
-
-
-
Paraffine or wax, or a mixture
of both
-
Soapstone or French chalk, or
a mixture of both
Plumbago
For the fourth grade,—
Petroleum
Tallow
Soda
->
-
Eight ounces.
One gallon.
Eight ounces.
One ounco.
Five ounces.
"
Four ounces.
-
Four ounces.
-
One gallon.
-
Eight ounces.
-
One ounce.
•
Five ounces.
Eight ounces.
Paraffine or wax, or a mixture
of both
Plumbago
These several grades of the compound, while partaking of tho s
nature in the use of the petrolcum, tallow, and soda, differ in density
consistency by the addition of the other materials above specified,
which means they are adapted to different kinds of machinery.
The first grade, having the paraffine or wax combined with the oi
of a thin and limpid nature, and is specially adapted to light machin
The second grade, having the soapstone or French chalk combi
with the oil is a little more dense, and is adapted to hea
machinery.
The third grade, having the soapstone or French chalk and
plumbago combined with the oil is still more dense, and adapted
still heavier machinery.

page_text: While the fourth grade, which has, plumbago alone combined with
the oil is the most dense, and is adapted to the heaviest machinery.
By the use of these several grades the compound is adapted to all
kinds of machinery from the lightest to the heaviest.
5 The density or consistency of the material can be graduated by the
use of the soapstone, French chalk, or plumbago exactly as desired.
The petroleum in itself forms a good lubricant. The tallow adds to
the lubricating qualities and makes a clearer and more limpid oil. The
soda to a certain degree neutralizes the acids of the tallow, and com-
bined with the tallow produces saponification.
The paraffine and wax have lubricating qualities, but their object is
more particularly to make a chemical union between the parts, and
when the soapstone, French chalk, or plumbago are used to hold them
in permanent suspension by dissolving and floating through the oil and
› producing adhesion of the particles.
The soapstone, French chalk, or plumbago being ground or finely
pulverized adds to the lubricating qualities and produces a cooling
effect on heavy or quickly running machinery, and prevents in a great
degree the heating which otherwise occurs.
For most uses the soapstone or French chalk is preferable to plumbago
on account of cheapness, but for some uses it is desirable to use
plumbago, which can be done either alone or in combination with the
soapstone, or chalk, or both.
The wax may be of any kind which will produce the desired effect
without gumming the machinery, such as beeswax, bay wax, or Canada
balsam, or a mixture of any of them.
-In-the-first-grade-of-the-compound-above-described the use of
paraffine alone is, I think, preferable to either wax alone or wax and
paraffine combined; but in the other grades where the French chalk or
soapstone, or plumbago is used,_the_paraffine combined with the-wax-is-
preferable to either alone, inasmuch as the two together are more
effective in holding the solids in suspension than the paraffine alone, and
while together equally effective for that purpose with the wax alone,
are considerably less expensive for that purpose than the wax alone.

page_text: Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I claim,—
1st. In an oil composed of petroleum, tallow, and soda, the combi-
nation of paraffine, or wax, or both, to form a lubricating compound, as
specified.
2nd. In an oil composed of petroleum, tallow, and soda, the combi-
nation with paraffine, or wax, or both; of soapstone, or French chalk, or
both, to form a lubricating compound, as specified.
3rd. In an oil composed of petroleum, tallow, and soda, the combi-
nation with paraffine, or wax, or both, of plumbago used either alone or 1
in connection with soapstone, or French chalk, or both, to form a
lubricating compound, as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bridget French, have hereunto
.
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy- 1
four.