Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Fire-clay, Refractory and Non-conducting Bricks and Blocks, Building Bricks, or the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb:; 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1895
'
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Fire-clay,
Refractory and Non-conducting Bricks and Blocks, Building
Bricks, or the like.
I, FRANK YOUNG of 84 Salop Street, Walton, Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention has for its object an artificial fireclay; ganister or
firebrick
or superior building brick or tile, and method of making the same, whereby certain
waste substances shall be utilised, and also an extremely refractory brick or fireclay
obtained.
The waste substances which I utilise for this purpose are, first, silica in the form
of crushed quartz, crushed sandstone; crushed quartzite, washed sea sand, or clear
silver sand as it is commonly called, being almost pure silica, the waste sänd
of plate glass works, in fact any fine grain material which is nearly pure silica, or
silica with a small amount of alumina, secondly, a waste product obtained in making
alkaline silicate such as silicate of soda from sand containing alumina, but
Feasonably clear of iron. This waste product, analyses approximately to-hydrate
ofilica 40% hydrate of alumina 50% alkaline silicate 2%. The third product
use in making these bricks, ganister etcetera is either an alkaline aluminate such
as aluminate of soda or a good fireclay or other silicate of alumina reasonably free
from-iron and other bases. In practice my bricks or fireclay can be varied
considerably for the purpose for which they are used. Two good receipts are as
follows:
First. Sand or other silica in a fine state 50 to 80%, the waste product of the
alkaline silicate manufacture 5 to 15%, a good aluminous fireclay 5 to 15%..
Second. Silica 60 to 85%, the waste product of silicate of soda factories 5 to
15% aluminate of soda 2 to 5%. It is obvious however that a large number
of other receipts could be given somewhat approximating to these, they being
varied to suit the materials obtainable, the rule to go by, being to have just
sufficient alumina and soda to cause the whole to unite, and the aluminate of soda
being much richer in alumina and in soda than the waste product from the silicate
of soda works, the addition of a very small amount of the aluminate of soda is
equivalent to that of a much larger amount of the waste material from the silicaté
of soda works; the main point being that the brick should contain as much silica
and as little alumina and soda or other alkali as practicable, the ultimate analysis
ranging from 80 to 95% silica, to 4 to 19% alumina, and to 1% sóda. The
materials having approximately this ultimate analysis are thoroughly ground or
mixed together with just sufficient water to cause them to well cohere, they are
pressed into shape, dried and quickly burnt. By using strong pressure considerably
Jess alumina and soda are required than when a little pressure
used.
The advantage of this firebrick or composition from which it is made is that I am
enabled from very cheap materials to obtain a brick, tile, ganister or fireclay
containing hardly anything else than silica, alumina and soda; the two latter in only
small quantities. The result is great infusibility and hardness, with a reasonable
amount of toughness, and a brick, ganister or fireclay admirably adapted for the

page_text: roofs and upper parts of furnaces exposed to a fierce flame, also a remarkably white
facing brick for building.
Dated this 18th day of February 1895.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Fire-clay,
Refractory and Non-conducting Bricks and Blocks, Building
Bricks, or the like.
I, FRANK YOUNG, of 84, Salop Street, Walton, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object an artificial fireclay, ganister or firebrick
or superior building brick or tile, and method of making the same, whereby certain
waste substances shall be utilised, and also an extremely refractory brick or fireclay
obtained.
.
The waste substances which I utilise for this purpose are, first, silica, in the form
of crushed quartz, crushed sandstone, crushed quartzite, washed sea sand, or clear
silver sand as it is commonly called, being almost pure silica, the waste sand
of plate glass works, in fact any fine grain material which is nearly pure silica, or
silica with a small amount of alumina, secondly, a waste product obtained in making
alkaline silicate such as silicate of soda from sand containing alumina, but
reasonably clear of iron. This waste product analyses approximately to-hydrate
of silica 40%, hydrate of alumina 50 %, alkaline silicate 2%. The third product
I use in making these bricks, ganister, etcetera is either an alkaline aluminate such
as aluminate of soda or a good fireclay or other silicate of alumina reasonably free
from iron and other bases. In practice my bricks or fireclay can be varied
considerably for the purpose for which they are used. Two good receipts are as
follows:-
First. Sand or other silica in a fine state 50 to 80%, the waste product of the
alkaline silicate manufacture 5 to 15%, a good aluminous fireclay 5 to 15%
Second. Silica 60 to 85%, the waste product of silicate of soda factories 5 to
15% aluminate of soda 2 to 5%;
It is obvious however that a large number of other receipts could be given
somewhat approximating to these, they being varied to suit the materials
obtainable, the rule to go by being to have just sufficient alumina and soda to
cause the whole to unite, and the aluminate of soda being much richer in alumina
and in soda than the waste product from the silicate of soda works, the addition of
a very small amount of the aluminate of soda is equivalent to that of a much larger
amount of the waste material from the silicate of soda works, the main point being
that the bricks should contain as much silica and as little alumina and soda or other
alkali as practicable, the ultimate analysis ranging from 80 to 95% silica, to
19% alumina and to 1% soda. The materials having approximately this
ultimate analysis are thoroughly ground or mixed together with just sufficient
water to cause them to well cohere, they are pressed into shape, dried and quickly
burnt. By using strong pressure considerably less alumina and soda are required
than when a little pressure is used.
to
The advantage of this firebrick or composition from which it is made is that I am
enabled from very cheap materials to obtain a brick, tile, gauister or fireclay
containing hardly anything else than silica, alumina and soda, the two latter in only

page_text: small quantities. The result is great infusibility and hardness with a reasonable
amount of toughness, and a brick ganister or fireclay admirably adapted for the
roofs and upper parts of furnaces exposed to a fierce flame also a remarkably white
facing brick for building.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1. As a new article of manufacture a brick or tile having as ingredients silica
with only sufficient alumina and alkali to cause it to firmly adhere, substantially as
described.
2. The process of manufacturing firebricks, tiles, good building brick, fireclay or
ganister, consisting in adding to nearly pure silica just sufficient alumina, alkali and
moisture to enable the mass to firmly cohere, and in the case of bricks and tiles
drying and burning substantially as described.
3. In the manufacture of firebricks, tiles, good building bricks, fireclay or
ganister substantially as described in Claim 2, the use of the waste material
from the manufacture of alkaline silicate or in lieu thereof the use of alkaline
aluminate.
Deted this 16th day of November 1895
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.