IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bywater, of the Firm of Pearson and Spurr, of
Birstall, near Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Makers, and Charles
Bedford, of the same Place, Foreman Mechanic, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
Sealed the 8th August 1879, and dated the 10th February 1879.
PROVISIONAL specificatiON left by the said James Bywater & Charles
Bedford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February
1879.
JAMES BYWATER, of the Firm of Pearson and Spurr, of Birstal, near Leeds, in
the County of York, Machine Makers, and CHARLES BEDFORD, of the same Place,
Foreman Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN."
This Invention relates, firstly, to an arrangement of mechanism to be employed
for the production of a double "shedding motion. For this purpose we make
use of the ordinary jack rods or levers, hinged at the centre, and connected at one
end by means of cords to the upper side of the healds, and connected at the other
end by means of cords and levers to the lower side of the healds in such manner
that which ever way the healds are moved the whole system of cords and levers
are in a state of tension.
For operating the jack levers we employ two series of hooks, one at each end of
the levers, the two series being connected by wires, and one series being angular in
shape. These hooks are suspended from two horizontal bars, which by means of
levers and rods connected with a crank on the crank shaft are caused to rise simul-
taneously at each revolution of the crank shaft, and those hooks which happen to
be engaged with the jack levers operate the same.
"
The engagement and disengagement of the hooks is governed by "peg-lags
working on a barrel mounted in a moveable frame controlled by a spiral spring,
which pegs operate on the angular series of hooks, the presence or absence of a peg
determining which of the two hooks shall operate upon the lever.
The levers are levelled at each change by horizontal bars operating in conjunction
with the catches, by means of which the operation of the said catches is rendered
more certain.

page_text: "
The object of the second part of our Invention is to effect the double "shedding
when using the ordinary jack rods and hooks operated by two sliding bars working
vertically in an ordinary Jacquard machine, our improvements being for the purpose
-of-effecting the-instantaneous change-of-the-jack-hooks-from-one-bar-to-the-other.
In order to accomplish this we operate the pegging barrel by a spring rod, by means
of which we can bring the pegs into position against the sliding grate before the
time for effecting-the-change, the spring operating at the exact moment, which
occurs as the sliding bars pass each other. In order to facilitate the action of the
parts, balance weights-are-attached to the jack levers, so that the weight of the
healds does not interfere with the action of the springs upon the hooks.
Thirdly. Our improvements consist in a new method of joining the jack rods and
hooks. On the lower end of the jack-hook we form a hook or beak, which passes-
underneath a stud or rounded projection on the jack rod, which is grooved to receive
it, a corresponding groove being formed on the upper side to receive a thin web or
feather formed on the hook, which keeps the joint steady.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Bywater & Charles Bedford in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th August 1879.
JAMES BYWATER, of the Firm of Pearson and Spurr, of Birstall, near Leeds, in
the County of York, Machine Makers, and CHARLES BEDFORD, of the same Place,
Foreman Mechanic. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
"
"
This Invention relates,-
Firstly. To an arrangement of mechanism for the purpose of imparting motion
to the healds, our improvements being illustrated in Fig. 1 of the accompanying
Drawings. A are the healds; B, the crank shaft; and C, the top rail of the loom.
A stud D carries the series of jack rods or levers E, to one end a of which the healds
are attached by means of cords fastened to the upper side thereof, whilst the lower
sides of the healds are connected by cords to angle levers G working on fixed
studs g. These levers G are connected by cords or wire rods with the other ends b
of the jack levers, the entire system of healds and levers being thereby kept in a
state of tension.
For operating the levers E we employ two series of hooks H, H', which are
suspended from the horizontal rods or bars J, J', fixed at the ends of the levers
K, K', which are connected by the tie rod L, the lever K being also connected by
rod M. with a bowl running in a grooved cam N fixed on the crank shaft, each
revolution of which causes the levers K, K', to oscillate about their fixed centres K,
whereby the whole of the two series of hooks are raised or lowered simultaneously.
For the purpose of operating the healds the jack levers require to be caught at one
end by the hooks as they ascend, and the hooks being connected by tie rods n, there
is no possibility of both hooks acting upon the levers at the same time. The
engagement and disengagement of the hooks is governed by a chain of peg-lags P
working over a barrel p mounted in two arms S, which are secured to a rocking
rail 8, and kept in a horizontal position by means of a spiral spring. In the
Drawing the lag on the upper surface of the barrel is without peg, so that the arm
of the lever K rests upon the barrel, allowing the hooked arm to fall vertically into
such a position that if raised it would engage with the end of the jack lever, the
other hook K' being pushed outwards so as to be clear of the lever, the weighted
end K² keeping it in this position.
It will be readily seen that if the lag opposed to the lever carried a peg, the said
lever would be thrown outwards, and the opposite lever drawn inwards, by which
the healds would be lowered instead of being raised. In order to effect the release
of the hooks at each change, the bealds are levelled by a bar T, which being con-
nected with the lever K, and hinged upon a stud t, descends at the commencement
of each stroke, and rises just in time to meet the levers as they reach the horizontal
position, and as the bar is going up and the hooks coming down the levers are thus
disengaged, as shewn in the Drawings, the hooks falling rather lower than is neces-
sary to secure the exact extent. As the hooks fall the arm comes in contact
with the peg-lags, and if the barrel were fixed rigidly the hooks could not pass
sufficiently low to become disengaged from the levers, for which reason the barrel
is fixed to the rocking arms as above described, the spring being sufficiently strong
to bear the weight of the hooks, and keep them in their proper position as soon as
they become disengaged.
The object of the second part of our Invention is to effect a double shedding
motion by a modification of the ordinary jacquard apparatus.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Fig. 2, in which A are the ordinary
jack levers, which are weighted at a to counterbalance the weight of the healds and
jack hooks. B are the jack hooks passing through the slotted needles C. In the
hooks are two notches for the reception of the reciprocating bars D, which are fixed

page_text: to upright guides E, provided with racks F, and geared together by pinion G.
Motion being imparted to one of the bars by the oscillating lever H, which works
at half the usual speed, having only a motion in one direction for each revolution
_of_the_crank shaft, and the motion communicated_to_the_other_with_the_direction.
reversed by means of the pinion.
The change from one bar to the other takes place as they pass each other when
the healds are level, the change being-determined as usual-by peg-lags, but in this
case-the-change-requires-to-be-so-instantaneous-and-so-accurately-timed-that-the-
ordinary method of working the barrel would be impracticable. I therefore operate
the barrel by a spring rod J, which rises and falls, the latter motion in the Drawing
tending to throw the pegs in contact with the needles. This is done rather sooner
than is necessary, as the needles cannot be forced inwards until the precise-instant
when the healds are level, the spring is momentarily compressed, and does not
resume its normal state until the healds are level, when the force of the spring
effects the change of such needles as are indicated by the pegs, or otherwise retain
them in their position.
"
Thirdly. Our improvements consist in a new method of joining the jack rods and
hooks. On the lower end of the jack hook we form a hook or break; which passes
-underneath a stud or rounded projection on the jack rod, which is grooved to receive
it, a corresponding groove being formed on the upper side to receive a thin web..or
feather forined on the hook, which keeps the joint steady.
'
WE
Figs. 3, 4, and 5 illustrate this part of our Invention. A is the jack hook; the
portions indicated in-shade lines being thin webs or feathers, which enter grooves in
the lever end shewn in section in Fig. 4 and 5; the weight of the lever rests upon
the hook at B, and turns upon this point as a centre, being kept steady by the web
and groove a, which is formed concentric with the centre of oscillation c.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
"same is to be carried into practice, we would have it understood that we do not
confine ourselves to the precise details of construction or arrangement, as the same
may be varied, but what we claim as our Invention,―
:
Firstly. The method of and apparatus for operating healds described in the first
part of our Specification, and illustrated in Fig. 1.
Secondly. The construction of the jacquard apparatus and parts connected there-
with in such manner as to effect the double shedding motion, substantially as herein
described, and shewn in Fig. 2.
Thirdly. The improved joint for connecting jack-hooks and levers, substantially
as described, and illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, and 5.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Bywater and Charles Bedford, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
DVAI AVVM
I
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within named James
Bywater and Charles Bedford
in the presence of
SAMUEL KNOWLES.
JAMES
(L.S.)
CHARLES BEDFORD. (L.S.)