Improvements in Barbed Chain or Barbed Fencing, and in Machinery- or Apparatus to be Employed. in the Production of the same.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application; 25th Oct., 1894
Complète Specification Left, 25th July, 1895-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL, SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Barbed Chain or Barbed Fencing, and in Machinery-
or Apparatus to be Employed. in the Production of the same.
I, PATRICK ALPHONSUS MARTIN, of the Firm of Martin and Martins, of
Granville Street, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in the barbed, links used in the formation
of barbed chain or fencing, and in machinery, or appliances. to be used in the
manufacture or production.of.the.said, links,, as, hereinafter described.
In the formation of a link, according to one form of my. invention; a suitable
length of wire, having, its terminal ends formed into.barbs, is taken, and the half -
portions of the same are formed into large loops, which are in shape alike unto a
figure 8 with the free terminal ends of the wire length crossing the said figure at
the junction of the loops.
By rotating this partly formed link (which is also somewhat alike unto a tied
double bow) upon its own axis, the inetal of the middle part of the same is
twisted into open coils, or close twists, with the said coils or twists proceeding
from the middle up to near the ends, which are left and form linking-up eyes
or loops.
The terminal ends of the wire. length,, which..are. preferably duplex barbed,
radiate outwardly from the middle of the link to any desired extent from the coils
or twists.
There is thus formed a link, (which may be of any length) with eyed or looped
ends and a spirally coiled middle part, and with barbed wires directed or radiating
in opposite directions from the centre. When open coils are employed, the links
are of a spring organization, and admit of being distended, but when the coils are
close, the link is practically rigid.
The duplex barbs at the ends of. the lengths of wire to form the links are made
by cutting off the said link lengths from a continuous length by a lozenge shaped
tool, which besides cutting off, also and at the same time she-V's the adjacent ends of
the cut-off length and the continuous length, although the duplex barbing of the ends
may, if necessary, be formed by a slitting process.
A series of the links before described are connected together by the loop end of
one engaging with the. looped end of another, and the linking up is performed by
first making one link, and then threading the wire to make the second and contiguous
link through one of the loops of the made link prior to its being fashioned into the said
second link.
According to another form of my invention, I take a length of wire, and form the
same into a second long loop, with, the terminal ends, which may be suitably pre-
pared for the formation of the barbs, crossing or looping round each other, then by
twisting the said long loop upon its axis, a.barbed link with eyed ends is then
produced.
Or I take a length of wire, form it loopwise, and tie or twist parts, inwards of
the terminal' ends, together, and then rotate the loop upon its axis as before, forming
a coiled or twisted and barbed link, with looped ends.
Instead of the eyed loops being single, the same may be made con:pound or
double loops, and these double loops may be formed prior to the fashioning of the
metal into the link.

page_text: Thus, a length of wire is taken and intermediate parts of the same are formed
into loop coils and this looped wire length is then formed into an 8 or like figure
and treated, as before, to form a barbed and loop-ended link.
In making the said links, the wire is intermittently fed through given distances,
and a diamond-sectioned tool descends and cuts off lengths therefrom and at the
same time barbs their ends. These barbed lengths are then fed into a machine
which folds them into the loops first described, with the barbed ends radiating
outwards and either crossing themselves or the middle of the loop. Pegs or loop
gauge pegs then advance through the ends of the loop, which are at the same time
held and rotated upon their axes in reverse directions, forming open coils or close
twists, as the case may be, and making the terminal barbed ends spread outwardly.
The pegs then retire and the length of wire to form the next link is threaded
through one of the loops of the formed link and subjected to the same processes as
described.
In making the modified forms of links in which parts of the wire are twisted or
tied together in forming the loop, the machinery is provided with suitable tying,
twisting and holding adjuncts.
In another form of my invention, I may make each link up of two lengths of
wire, one of which forms the loop or link and the other, which is V-ed at its ends,
forms the barbs, the barbed length is made to cross the link about its middle, and
the end parts are twisted once, twice, or thrice around the bars of the loop or link
and the barbed ends are spread or directed outwardly.
Dated this 24th day of October 1894.
Improvements in Barbed Chain or Barbed Fencing, and in Machinery
or Apparatus to be Employed in the Production of the same.
1, PATRICK ALPHONSUS MARTIN, of the Firm of Martin and Martins, of
Granville Street, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in the barbed links used in the formation
of barbed chain or fencing, and in machinery or appliances to be used in the
manufacture or production of the said links.
In the formation of a link according to one form of my invention, a suitable
length of wire is taken, and the half portions of the same are formed into large
loops, which are in shape alike unto a figure 8 with the free terminal ends of the
wire length crossing the said figure at the junction of the loops.
By rotating parts of this partly-formed link (which is also somewhat alike unto
a tied double bow) the metal of the middle part of the same is twisted either into
open coils or close twists, with the said coils or twists proceeding from the middle
up to near the ends, which are left and form linking-up eyes or loops.
The terminal ends of the wire length radiate outwardly from the middle of the
link to any desired extent from the coils or twists.
There is thus formed a link, (which may be of any length) with eyed or looped
ends and a spirally coiled middle part and with wires forming barbs directed or
radiating outwardly in opposite directions from the centre. When open coils are
employed, the links are of a spring organization, and admit of being distended, but
when the coils are close, the link is practically rigid.
The terminal ends of the lengths of wire to form the links may be further

page_text: barbed by cutting off the said link lengths from a continuous length by a
lozenge-shaped tool, which besides cutting off, also and at the same she-V's the
adjacent. ends of the cut-off length and the continuous length, although the further
barbing of the ends may, if necessary, be formed by a slitting and opening-out
process.
A series of the links before described are connected together by the loop end
of one engaging with the looped end of another, and the linking up is performed
by first making one link, and then threading the wire to make the second and
contiguous link through one of the loops of the made link, prior to its being
fashioned into the said second link.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a length of such barbed chain
fencing made according to my invention.
Figure 2 represents a side elevation of one of the links made from a single length
of wire upon an enlarged scale.
Figure 3 is a topside plan of Figure 2, with some of the coils in section showing
the connecting axial member running through them.
Figure 4 represents a longitudinal vertical section of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a section of Figure 2 upon the dotted line -2.
a are barbed links, united together by their looped ends a', and each consisting of
straight axial wires a running from the looped ends a', and having spirals or coiled
body parts a, running from the said looped ends towards the middle of the liuk
and terminating in outstanding ends at, forming barbs, whose points or tips are
split and opened out or notched in order to give additional barbs to the said ends.
According to another form of my invention, I take a length of wire, and form
the same into a long hour-glass shaped loop, with the terminal ende, crossing the
middle of the loop; then by twisting the said loop a barbed link with eyed ends
and twisted body is produced.
Figure 6 represents a side elevation of such a link as last described.
Figure 7 represents the first formation of the loop, with the ends crossing the
middle part of it.
Figure 8 represents a like loop as Figure 7 but with the ends formed with looped
coils, of which the wire body part is twisted into coils, either as represented in
Figures 1 to 5 or in Figure 6, or I take a length of wire, and form it loopwise, and
tie or twist parts, inwards of the terminal ends, together.
The link thus formed may be left open like a chain link, or its body may be
twisted as before, forming a coiled or twisted and barbed link, with looped ends.
Figure 9 represents such a link left open at the middle alike unto an ordinary
chain link.
a is the body frame of the link and a' are the terminal ends forming the barbs
and twisted together at a³.
Figure 10 represents another form of barbed link constructed according to my
invention and made up of two component wires, one forming the body axis with
loops at the ends and the other wire forming the coils and barbs.
a is the link, made up of a double axial wire a², with loops a¹ at the ends, which
said axial wire is surrounded by a spirally coiled body wire a³, having terminal
barbs or point ends a*.
Figure 11 is a modification of the last described form. In this case the axial
wire a³, of the link a is single. a¹ are the loop ends, a' the spiral body wire and *
the barbed ends thereof.
In this arrange-
Figure 12 represents another modified form of two-part link.
ment the barbed link is made up of two wires, one formed into a body coil, with a
loop at one end and a barb at the other, and the other into an axial straight
member with a loop at one end and a barb at the other.
Thus, a is the link, a the body coil, with a loop a' at one end and a barb a', at
the other, whilst a' is the axis, terminated at one end by a loop a', and having a
barb a at the other end, the two component parts being infibulated one with
another.

page_text: Figure 13 represents a still further form of my invention in which each end of
the link is provided with three barbs, two of which are formed from out of the
'length of wire which constitutes the coil, and the other from an end of the axis or
'body length.
a is the link, a' the central axis, terminating at each endiin a loop a', and a
"barb a', formed integral therewith. a are coils, evolved around the double wire
part between barb c', and loop a', and having double barbed ends a*.
Figure 14 represents a length of wire from which the loops may be made,
showing in the dotted lines, how the bifurcated ends of the barbs are formed by a
lozenge-shaped cut, which, besides shaping the ends, also and at the same time
severs the lengths.
Figure 15 represents two severed lengths, showing the V-shaped or double-spiked
ends.
Figure 16 represents a length of wire from which the links herein before described
and represented in Figures 1 to 9 may be made.
Figure 17 represents a topside plan, partly in section, of a pair of tools suitable
for giving the preliminary shaping of. the said length of wire in forming the barbed
link Figures 1 to 5.
Figure 18 represents, separately the partly fashioned blank formed by the tools
.Figure 17.
Figure 19 represents the said blank after passing through a further process of
shaping by which it is twisted around pegs forming the loops and with the legs
or barbed members being left of dissimilar lengths, so as to bring the barbed ends
of a common length after being twisted and disposed in opposite directions. The
said figure also shows one of the pair of tools by which this looping is effected
and Figure 20 represents an elevation of it.
Figure 21 represents a side elevation of the machinery employed in the
formation of the body coils, which are evolved around the central axis part of
the link.
Figure 22 is a vertical section of the said machine, partly: in elevation.
Figure 23 is a topside plan, partly in horizontal section, of Figure 22.
In producing a barbed chain fencing. link such as represented in Figures 1 to 5,
I take a length of wire Figure 16, and feed the same between the pair of tools and
up to the stop Figure 17.
a is a length of wire, which is passed between the he and she tools and
latter having sinkings or depressions c³, within its fixed bed c', whilst the former,
C, the
which is a horizontally-sliding. plunger-like head b', working between guides upon
a base, has corresponding projections, coming opposite the sinkings c, in the
bed c', so that when the wire a³, is fed between the acting faces of the tools and up
to the stop, and the he tool b, is traversed forward, the wire is shaped to the
form represented by the dotted lines in Figure 17 and by the separate view
Figure 18.
The said partly fashioned blank or length Figure 18, which has legs a³, a¹º,
of dissimilar lengths, a central or axial part a³, and loop sinkings a, is then
placed within an another pair of tools, with the loop sinkings a, lying partly
around the pegs d', supported by the framing d, and with the middle part-a,
coming against a block d², which acts as a stop. The branches or legs a³, a
are respectively coiled around the pegs, causing the wire to take the shape 3,
shown in Figure 19.
The loops of this partially formed blank 3, are then placed over the gauge
pegs d³, carried upon the supports d', of the machine Figures 21 to 23, with the
legs a, a, coming respectively against the inclined sides e¹, e, of an annular wedge-
sectioned bearer e, located around an excentrically mounted coiling tool 1, carried
by a twisting or coiling wheel ƒ, running within a frame f and having an open
middle, wherethrough the support for one of the pegs d³, passes, and is bolted
at g', to the upright framing g, supporting at its upper end the shaft h, of a driving
toothed wheel h, intergearing with the teeth f³, on the periphery of the wheel f
.

page_text: i is a lever for holding down the partly fashioned blank during twisting, which.
lever is jointed at ', to a support, whilst the lever end, is held during the
twisting.
OPERATION.
The partly fashioned blank Figure 19 is placed in the machine, with the loops.
or eyes a', passing over the gauge pegs d, and with the tips of the legs or
branches a, a, coming upon the inclined sides e', e³, of the support e. By now
rotating the coiling wheel f, the coiling tool, coils the said legs or branches
helically around the central axis a, and as the coiling proceeds by the rotation of
the said lengths around their axis, the said ends are prevented from crossing by
being drawn down the inclined sides of the bearer e, and when the complete coiling
has been performed, the longer terminal end of the leg a, is twisted to the extent
of half a turn further than the shorter end aº, which is missed by the wiping of
the coiling tool past the said short leg, but still pressing on the terminal end of the
longer leg, which is taken on to the extent of a further half turn.
It will be observed that one of the pegs d, has a clearance , wherein the
adjacent loop of a previously formed link threaded into the loop of the link being
fashioned, lies.
Thus a length of barbed chain fencing may be made by linking the partly
fashioned blank with a previously formed link, and finishing the shaping of the said
blank after the joining up.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said.
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. In the links of barbed chain fencing, making the same from a single
length of wire, and with the middle part forming a central axis having looped
ends and the other and outer parts being evolved into encircling body coils
surrounding the said axis and terminating about the middle of the link in barbs
or outstanding spikes, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1 to 5.
Secondly. In the links of barbed chain fencing, evolving the middle part and
the outer end parts into twists, leaving loops or coiled loops at the ends and
forming barbs or outstanding spikes directed from the body part, substantially as
described and set forth in Figures 6, 7 and 8.
Thirdly. In the links of barbed chain fencing, making the same from a single
length of wire, formed loop-wise and with parts near the terminal ends twisted
together and with the extreme terminal ends forming barbs or spikes, substantially
as described and set forth in Figure 9.
Fourthly. In the links of barbed chain fencing, making the same up of two
component lengths of wire, one formed into an axis with looped ends, or a looped
end and a barbed end, and the other evolved spirally around the said axis and
terminating outwardly in barbs or outstanding spikes, so in a barbed end and a
looped end, substantially as described and set forth in Figures 1, 11 and 12.
Fifthly. In the links of barbed chain fencing, making the saine from three
component lengths of wire, one formed into an axis having both a loop and a barb
or spike at each end, and the others being evolved into coils coming between the
loops and barbs of the axis ends and being themselves terminated by spikes or
barbs, substantially as described and set forth in Figure 13.
Sixthly. The tools for partially fashioning the blanks or wire lengths from
which the links of barbed chain fencing are made, substantially as described and set
forth in Figures 17, 19 and 20.
Seventhly. The machinery for coiling the wire lengths or blanks referred to in
the preceding claim, consisting of gauge pegs in combination with a coiler, having
cognate parts constructed, arranged and operating substantially as described and
set forth in Figures 21, 22 and 23.
Eighthly. The improvements in the method of making the links of barbed

page_text: chain fencing, and in the machinery and tools to be employed therein, substantially
as herein described and set forth.
Dated this 24th day of July 1895.
PATRICK ALPHONSUS MARTIN,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.