IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RULING ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS OR DEVICES
Year: 1867

page_text: *LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Amphlet, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and Joseph Beverley Fenby, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR RULING ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS OR DEVICES."
"PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Amphlet and
Joseph Beverley Fenby at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their 'Petition, on the 23rd November 1867.
We, SAMUEL AMPHLET, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
5 Manufacturer, and JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RULING ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS OR DEVICES,"
to be as follows:—
Our Invention consists of the construction, and arrangement, or combination,
herein-after described, of the parts of machinery for, ruling ornamental
patterns- or devices commonly called tartan patterns, that is, patterns con-
sisting of a series of rows of different coloured lines crossing each other;
our said machinery is, worked by steam or other motive power.
The machinery constituting our Invention is constructed and arranged
essentially in the following manner :-Upon the bed of the machine a
horizontal table is situated and works, the said table, being made to traverse
from end to end of the said bed by means of a screw box on its under side

page_text: working upon a rotating screw; one end of this screw is prolonged, the said
prolonged end carrying the driving pulleys. Two sets of driving pulleys are
employed, fast and loose, and all the levers for stopping and reversing the
motion of the screw are self-acting. The horizontal table described is made
compound, that is, it consists of two tables, an upper one and a lower one, the
lower one sliding upon the bed of the machine and the upper one being
capable of a transverse motion upon the lower one; the said upper or trans-
verse table carries the board upon which the material to be ruled is placed.
The rows of pens by which the ruling is effected are stationary, being supported
in a carriage capable of being raised and lowered, and on the principal table
making its advance motion the material is carried under the said pens and
thereby ruled. After each traverse of the table the motion of the screw is
reversed and the said table brought back to its original position. The spacing
of the pattern, that is, the distance between each set of lines, is effected by
the transverse motion of the upper table upon the lower or principal table,
which said upper table has an intermittent sliding motion communicated to it
by self-acting mechanism constructed in the following way :-A screw working
in bearings carried by the lower table works in a screw box in the upper or
transverse table. On the end of the screw is a toothed wheel having twenty-
four teeth, and above the said screw and parallel to the table-is a rack
cylinder; the said rack cylinder is made by dividing a plain cylinder longi-
tudinally into twelve equal parts, and in making in eleven of the said parts a
series of taper holes, one of the said parts being thus left blank; into these holes
rack teeth can be inserted as required for any given pattern. The said teeth
form a rack on the cylinder, which teeth are made to gear at the proper times
with the teeth of the wheel on the end of the screw and to give a partial
rotation to the said screw, and thereby to move the transverse table the
required distance. Whatever number of teeth are in the rack cylinder so
many times will the transverse table travel, and so space the pattern. At
each traverse of the principal table under the stationary ruling pens a fresh
tooth or row of teeth of the rack cylinder is brought round to act on the
toothed wheel described.
the rack cylinder in the following
the spate of
cylinder is another cylinder provided with twelve longitudinal grooves equal
to the number of parts or divisions into which the rack cylinder is divided;
the said grooves are inclined or run in a spiral direction at the ends of the
cylinder, and are straight in the middle or greater part of the cylinder, the
said inclined or spiral grooves opening into or forming a continuation each
way of the straight grooves. The principal or longitudinal table carries a

page_text: steel finger, which as table makes its traversing motion is caused to engage
in the grooves in the said grooved cylinder, and by means of the end inclined
or spiral grooves to give to the said cylinder and to the rack cylinder con-
nected with it a step-by-step or intermittent rotation. The teeth of the rack
cylinder, herein-before described, have no action on the toothed wheel of the
screw spindle while the steel finger is traversing the straight grooves of the
grooved cylinder and while the ruling is being effected.
By the arrangement described the transverse table carrying the material
being ruled is moved the required distance to effect the spacing of the pattern
after each backward and forward traverse of the principal table under the ruling
pens. When the principal table has made the necessary number of strokes
for the required repeat the transverse table is returned to its original position
on the principal table in the following way:-Below the rack cylinder and
parallel thereto is a shaft on which a drum is keyed, the said drum shaft and
that of the rack cylinder being geared together by toothed wheels of equal
size. As the rack cylinder makes its step-by-step rotation its motion is
transmitted by the gearing described to the drum shaft, and a weighted cord
is thereby wound on the drum of the said shaft, a pawl and ratchet wheel pre-
venting the return motion of the said drum shaft. The drum shaft carries a
rack cylinder similar to that herein-before explained,
means of which the
return motion of the transverse table is effected. The principal table having
made the required number of strokes, the pawl is disengaged from the ratchet
wheel on the drum shaft, when the weighted cord reverses the motion of the
said drum shaft and causes the rack cylinder on the said drum shaft to engage
with the toothed wheel on the screw shaft of the transverse
table and return
the said table to its former position on the principal table. While the teeth
of the return rack cylinder are acting on the toothed wheel described, the
blank grooves or those parts unprovided with teeth of the advance rack
cylinder are brought over the said toothed wheel.
The series or rows of pens are lifted on the return stroke of the principal
table, and allowed to descend when required for ruling by the following
mechanism:-Each pen is hooked near its upper end to a disc on a shaft, all
the said shafts being connected together by a bar jointed to the fixed pen
carriage. The said baŕ is acted upon by the principal table so as to raise the
pens and allow them to descend at the proper times; the pens are also hooked
at their extreme upper ends to disks on shafts situated above those already
described. The last described disks are provided with handles by means of, which
any less number of pens than an entire row or an entire row may be lifted when
required. Each row of pens is situated between the threads of a screw, and

page_text: by turning screw nuts on the said screw any row of pens may be shifted from
right to left or the reverse without disturbing the spaces of the pens with
regard to each other. The whole pen carriage may be raised or lowered by
means of screws at either end, the said screws being geared together by a
shaft and bevil wheels. By turning one of the screws by means of its nut!
both ends of the pen carriage are simultaneously raised or lowered; or the
pens may be raised and lowered by means of levers acted upon by pins set in
a rotating drum or barrel.
Pens of the ordinary kind may be employed, but we prefer to employ pens
baving blades of a circular or semicircular figure. When we employ pens
having blades of a circular figure, we prefer to make the blades capable of
rotation, so that at pleasure fresh acting surfaces may be brought into
operation; or we employ pens having somewhat the figure of a canoe, that is,
having a long bearing surface, by the use of which there is little risk of injury
to the pen or surface ruled, and the sharpening or repair of the pens is
rendered less frequent than with pens having pointed blades. The blades of
the pens may be made separable from the body or stem of the pen, so that
the blades may be readily removed and replaced.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Amphlet and Joseph Beverley Fenby in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 14th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMUEL
AMPHLET, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, and
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Mechanical Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of November, in the year of our
Lord. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Samuel Amphlet and Joseph Beverley Fenby, Her special licence
that we, the said Samuel Amphlet and Joseph Beverley Fenby, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Samuel Amphlet
and Joseph Beverley Fenby, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BULING ORNAMENTAL PATTERNS. OR DEVICES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Samuel Amphlet and
Joseph Beverley Fenby, our executors or administrators; by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after, the date of the said Letters
Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samuel Amphlet and Joseph Beverley
Fenby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:―
'
. Our Invention consists of the construction, and arrangement, or combination
herein-after described of the parts of machinery for ruling ornamental patterns
or devices commonly called tartan patterns, that is, patterns consisting of a
series of rows of different coloured lines crossing each other. Our said
machinery is worked by steam or other motive power.
The machinery constituting our Invention is constructed and arranged
essentially in the following manner :-Upon the bed of the machine & hori-
zontal table is situated and works, the said table being made to traverse from
end to end of the said bed by means of a screw box on its under side working
upon a rotating screw; one end of this screw is prolonged, the said prolonged
end carrying the driving pulleys. The sets of driving pulleys are employed
fast and loose, and all the levers for stopping and reversing the motion of the
screw are self-acting. The horizontal table described is made compound,
that is, it consists of two tables, an upper one and a lower one, the lower one
sliding upon the bed of the machine, and the upper one being capable of a
transverse motion upon the lower one. The said upper or transverse table
carries the board upon which the material to be ruled is placed. The rows of
pens by which the ruling is effected are stationary, being supported in a
carriage capable of being raised and lowered, and on the principal table making
its advance motion the material is carried under the said pens and thereby
ruled. After each traverse of the table the motion of the screw is reversed,
and the said table brought back to its original position. The spacing of the
pattern, that is, the distance between each set of lines, is effected by the
transverse-motion of the upper table upon the lower or principal table, which
said upper table has an intermittent sliding motion communicated to it by

page_text: self-acting mechanism constructed in the following way:-A screw working in
bearings carried by the lower table works in a screw box in the upper or
transverse table. On the end of the screw is a toothed wheel having twenty-
four teeth, and above the said screw and parallel to the table is a rack cylinder.
The said rack cylinder is made by dividing a plain cylinder longitudinally into
twelve equal parts, and in making in eleven of the said parts a series of taper
holes, one of the said parts being thus left blank; into these holes rack teeth
can be inserted as required for any given pattern. The said teeth form a rack
on the cylinder, which teeth are made to gear at the proper times with the
teeth of the wheel on the end of the screw, and to give a partial rotation to
the said screw, and thereby to move the 'transverse table the required distance.
Whatever number of teeth are in the rack cylinder, so many times will the
transverse table travel and so space the pattern. At each traverse of the
principal table under the stationary ruling pens a fresh tooth or row of teeth
of the rack cylinder is brought round to act on the toothed wheel described.
This intermittent rotary motion is communicated to the rack cylinder in the
following manner :-On the spindle of the rack cylinder is another cylinder
provided with twelve longitudinal grooves equal to the number of parts or
divisions into which the rack cylinder is divided. The said grooves are
inclined or run in a spiral direction at the ends of the cylinder, and are
straight in the middle or greater part of the cylinder, the said inclined or
spiral grooves opening into or forming a continuation each way of the straight
grooves. The principal or longitudinal table carries a steel finger, which as
the table makes its traversing motion is caused to engage in the-grooves in
the said grooved cylinder, and by means of the end inclined or spiral grooves
to give to the said cylinder and to the rack cylinder connected with it a step-
by-step or intermittent rotation. The teeth of the rack cylinder herein-before
described have no action on the toothed wheel of the screw spindle while the
steel finger is traversing the straight grooves of the grooved cylinder and
while the ruling is being effected.
By the arrangement described the transverse table carrying the material
being ruled is moved the required distance to effect the spacing of the pattern
after each backward and forward traverse of the principal table under the
ruling pens. When the principal table has made the necessary number of
strokes for the required repeat, the transverse table is returned to its original
position ou the principal table in the following way:-Below the rack cylinder
and parallel thereto is a shaft on which a drum is keyed, the said drum shaft
and that of the rack cylinder being geared together by toothed wheels of equal
size. As the rack cylinder makes its step-by-step rotation its motion is

page_text: transmitted by the gearing described to the drum snart, and a weigated cora
is thereby wound on the drum of the said shaft, a pall and ratchet wheel
preventing the return motion of the said drum shaft. The drum shaft carries
a rack cylinder similar to that herein-before explained, by means of which the,
return motion of the transverse table is effected. The principal table, having.
made the required number of strokes, the pall is disengaged from the ratchet
wheel on the drum shaft when the weighted cord reverses the motion of the
said drum shaft, and causes the rack cylinder on the said drum shaft to engage
with the toothed wheel on the screw shaft of the transverse table, and return
the said table to its former position on the principal table. While the teeth
of the return rack cylinder are acting on the toothed wheel described the
blank grooves or those parts unprovided with teeth of the advance rack
cylinder are brought over the said toothed wheel.
The series or rows of pens are lifted on the return stroke of the principal
table, and allowed to descend when required for ruling by the following
mechanism:-Each pen is hooked near its upper end to a disk on a shaft, all the
said shafts being connected together by a bar jointed to the fixed pen carriage.
The said bar is acted upon by the principal table, so as to raise the pens and
allow them to descend at the proper times. The pens are also hooked at their
extreme upper ends to disks on shafts situated above those already described.
The last described disks are provided with handles, by means of which any
less number of pens than an entire row or an entire row may be lifted when
required. Each row of pens is situated between the threads of a screw, and
by turning screw nuts on the said screw, any row of pens may be shifted from
right to left or the reverse without disturbing the spaces of the pens with
regard to each other. The whole pen carriage may be raised or lowered by
means of screws at either end, the said screws being geared together by a shaft
and bevil wheels. By turning one of the screws by means of its nut, both
ends of the pen carriage are simultaneously. raised or lowered; or the pens
inay be raised and lowered by means of levers acted upon by pins set in a
rotating drum or barrel.
Pens of the ordinary kind may be employed, but we prefer to employ pens
having blades of a circular or semicircular figure. When we employ pens
having blades of a circular figure we prefer to make the blades capable of
rotation, so that at pleasure fresh acting surfaces may be brought into operation.
Or we employ pens having somewhat the figure of a canoe, that is, having a
long bearing surface, by the use of which there is little risk of injury to the
pen or surface ruled, and the sharpening or repair of the pens is rendered less
frequent than with pens having pointed blades. The blades of the pens may

page_text: be made separable from the body or stem of the pen, so that the blades may
be readily removed and replaced.
Having explained the nature of our Invention we will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in plan, Figure 2 in side elevation, and Figure 8 in
front elevation, a machine for ruling ornamental patterns or devices, the said
machine being constructed and arranged according to our Invention. The
other Figures represent parts or details of the same, as herein-after particularly
explained. The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in each
Figure of the Drawings.
A is the bed of the machine; B is the principal horizontal table traversing
upon the said bed. Motion is given to the said table B by means of the rotating
screw D working in a screw box carried by the said table. One end of the
screw D is prolonged and carries the pulleys D², by means of which the said
screw is driven. The manner in which the table B slides upon the bed A will
be best seen by referring to Figure 8. The direction of revolution of the
screw D
may be reversed by any of the ordinary and well-known mechanical
agents. Upon the table B and having a transverse motion thereon is a second
table C; the said second or transverse table C carries the board upon which
the material to be ruled is placed. Motion is given to the transverse table C
by means of the screw E working in a screw box on the said table. The
milled head and axis at X are for taking up the wear on the screw E, for
which purpose the screw box of the table C is in two lengths, which are
adjusted by a screw on the axis at X. The rows of pens by which the ruling
is effected are stationary, being supported in a carriage V constructed as
herein-after described, and on the principal table B making its advance motion
the material on the table C is carried under the said pens and thereby ruled.
The spacing of the pattern, that is the distance between each set of lines, is
effected by the motion of the transverse table C upon the lower or principal
table B, which said table C has an intermittent sliding motion communicated
to it in the following manner:-On the end of the screw Ę which drives the
table C is a toothed wheel F which wheel F, on the reciprocating motion of
the table B traverses between the parallel rack cylinders G and H carried in
bearings bracketed to the bed A. These rack cylinders are situated parallel
to the principal table B, and their position in the machine is best seen in
Figure 2, the cylinder G being indicated in dotted lines. The said rack
cylinders G, H, are shown separately (in connection with the cylinder L
berein-after described) in Figure 6. The rack cylinders G, H, are constructed

page_text: as follows:-The cylinder has eleven longitudinal grooves made in its.
circumference passing from end to end. The said grooves are situated 80
degrees apart on the cylinder, thus leaving one blank.or ungrooved space in
the cylinder. Along these grooves taper holes are drilled radially, and in the
said holes are fitted any required number of taper pins so shaped, as to
constitute rack teeth. The rack cylinder H thus formed serves to give motion
at the proper times in the manner herein-after described to the toothed
wheel F on the end of the screw. E for the purpose of transmitting to the
transverse table C the necessary. intermittent motion for spacing the pattern
to be ruled. The number of teeth formed in each of the longitudinal grooves
in the cylinder H is varied according to the pattern to be ruled. In the
cylinder Gone longitudinal groove only is made similarly drilled with holes to
receive. moveable rack teeth. The use of the single row of rack teeth in the
cylinder G is to effect the return motion of the transverse table C (after the
principal table B has made the required number of strokes to form the
pattern.) by the engaging of the teeth of the wheel F on the return traverse
of the table B with the rack teeth of the said cylinder G; the position of the
cylinder G for acting upon the wheel F. is represented in Figure 6. The two
cylinders G and H are geared together by the toothed wheels I, K, (see
Figure 2), so that as the said cylinders revolve the row of teeth. in the
cylinder G shall come vertically under the vacant space described in the upper
cylinder 1. As the principal table B traverses backwards and forwards on
the bed A. of the machine the toothed wheel. F of the screw E traverses
simultaneously between the two cylinders G and H and by its engagement
with the rack teeth on one or other of the said cylinders,' the said wheel
receives a rotatory motion through any portion of a circle or a whole revolution
or more, as may-be required, which motion is transmitted by the screw.E to
the table C, the said table moving to the right or left according as the wheel F
engages with the cylinder G or H, that is to say, at each traverse of the
principal. table B a motion of partial rotation is given to the wheel F by the
rack of the cylinder H, and the table C is thereby shifted to space the pattern,
and after the principal table. B has made the required number of strokes then
a motion in an opposite direction is given to the said table C by the engaging
of the rack teeth of the cylinder G with the wheel F. It is necessary that
the rack cylinder H should move through one-twelfth of a revolution for each
double traverse of the table B so as to bring a fresh row of teeth to gear with
the wheel F. This intermittenti or step-by-step revolution of the cylinder H
is effected in the following manner:-Keyed upon the same shaft as the
cylinder H is a cylinder L having 12 longitudinal grooves made in it equi-

page_text: distant from each other. The said grooves in the cylinder L are inclined or
run in a spiral direction at the ends of the cylinder, and are straight in the
middle or greater part of the cylinder, the said inclined or spiral end grooves
opening into or forming a continuation each way of the straight grooves. The
cylinder L is shown detached from the machine in Figure 6. The principal
table B has a finger m secured to it (see Figure 8), which finger m engages
with or bears against a second finger o, which latter finger o slides in a slot in
the guide bar n, and its extreme end engages in the grooves in the cylinder Z.
As the table B makes its reciprocating motion an intermittent rotary or step-
by-step motion is communicated to the cylinder L by means of the finger o
engaging with the end inclined grooves 1, 2, of the said cylinder L, the said
cylinder L being stationary while the said finger o is traversing the straight
grooves and while the ruling is being effected. By the arrangement described
the transverse table C carrying the material to be ruled is moved the required
distance to effect the spacing of the pattern after each backward and forward
traverse of the principal table B under the ruling pens. The construction of
the rack cylinders G and H, and the rifled or grooved cylinder L, will be best
understood by referring to. Figures 10, 11, 12, and 18, which represent the
said cylinders on a larger scale, Figure 10 representing in end elevation,-and
Figure 11 in side elevation, portions of the rack cylinders G and H with the
toothed wheel F between them, but out of gear with both cylinders, Figure 13
representing separate views of one of the rack teeth, and Figure 12 side and
end elevations of a portion of the cylinder L. The rack teeth on the
cylinder H are marked h, and the single row of rack teeth on the cylinder G
are marked g. The cylinders L, H, and G, are reversed in the following
manner:-On the end of the cylinder G is a wheel p, round which a weighted
cord 9 passes, and as the cylinder G revolves with the cylinders Hand L the said
wheel p winds up the said cord q, the said cord q having a continual tendency to
reverse the motion of the cylinder G. This reversing however is prevented by the
ratchet wheel r on the shaft of the cylinder L with which a pall sengages. This
ratchet wheel r and palls together with the wheel p and weighted cord q are
shown in Figure 7. The ratchet wheel r is provided with holes to receive the
disengaging pin & shown in Figure 8. The said pin t is for the purpose of
lifting the palls from the ratchet wheel r, the said pin being inserted in one
of the double holes represented in the ratchet wheel r at such a point as will
correspond to that position of the cylinders at which it is desirable they should
be reversed and the machine stopped. On the ratchet wheel r is a catch u
for re-engaging the palls with the ratchet wheel after the cylinders have been
reversed. By this reversing of the cylinders the single row of teeth on the

page_text: cylinder G.is brought into the position represented in Figure 6, so that the
toothed wheel F on the motion of the table B gears with the teeth of the
cylinder G, and the transverse table C is returned to its original position on
the principal table B. The action of these parts is herein-after more fully
explained. The pen carriage V is provided with a fine threaded screw w for
each, row of pens employed. Each screw is fitted with sliding keyways,
and at the right-hand side with two nuts a, a, for adjusting the position of the
screw right or left and for fixing it when adjusted. On the said screws are fitted
a series of small sockets y capable of sliding freely on the screws. The said
sockets y have on each side lock nuts z,'%, for fixing them at any required
distance apart on the screws.
A plan of one of these sockets and lock nuts combined with a penholder,
and a penholder separately, are represented on a larger scale in Figure 9, and
a side elevation of the said sockets and parts connected therewith, herein-after
described, is represented in Figure 4. By shifting the screws w to the right-
or left by means of the nuts a, the sockets y carrying any row of pens may be
shifted to the right or left or the reverse without disturbing the spaces of the
pens. In order that the pens may be lifted the required height from the
material being ruled, the penholders are made capable of sliding vertically
on a dovetail on the socket y, as will be understood by an examination of the
plan Figure 9.. The stems y' of the pens y fit in taper holes in the holders &¹
at such an inclination as to bring the edges of the pens properly to bear upon
the paper or material carried upon the transverse table C. The series of rows
of pens in the pen carriage V are lifted on the return stroke of the table B,
and lowered when required for ruling by mechanism constructed as follows:→
This mechanism is best seen in Figure 8, and in the separate views Figures 4
and 5, and the same on a larger scale in Figures 14 and 15. Above and
parallel to the screws w is a series of rods or shafts having projecting pieces
or blades at, which projecting pieces on the partial rotation of the rods a³ are
made either to strike against the teeth or projecting pieces a³ of the links w¹
and lift the said links and cause them to raise the pens y", or are removed
from the teeth of the said links and the pens allowed to descend. This alter-
nating partial rotation of the bars a¹ is effected through the rods v², gi
connected to the said bars a¹; motion is given to the rods v³, q', by the move-
ment of the principal table B in the following manner :-On the said table B
two fingers t¹, t, (see Figures 3 and 5) are fastened, each being pressed
upwards by a spring around its axis. . Parallel to the said table B.are two
fixed incliness, s, and at their ends are toothed wheels gearing with
toothed wheels on the cylinder u¹; this cylinder has fixed to it or made

page_text: upon it teeth or ratchets u³, upon which the bottoms of the rods v', q', are
supported. As the table B traverses from end to end of the bed A the
fingers t, t, engage with the inclines s³, s, and are thereby depressed and
their springs brought into a state of tension. As each finger leaves its
respective inclines at that end where the toothed wheel r is situated it
engages with the said wheel, and by its upward pressure gives a step-by-
step revolution to the said wheel, and through the toothed wheel to the
cylinder u. The teeth or ratchets u² of the cylinder u¹ are so arranged as to
cause an alternate rising and falling motion of the rods v', q, and through
them to the bars &¹, and thus either lift the whole of the pens from or lower
them on to the material being ruled, that is to say, when the table B is moving
in a direction contrary to that indicated by the-arrow in Figure 1 the rods q'
are elevated by the cylinder u¹ causing the pens to come into position for
ruling; when, however, the table B moves in the direction indicated by the
arrow in Figure 1, the rods v' are raised by the cylinder u³, and the pens are
thereby lifted from the paper or material. In addition to raising and lowering
the whole of the pens at each backward and forward stroke of the table B,
certain pens are required to be raised and lowered according to the pattern
being ruled. This is effected by placing_above the rods a. a second set of
rods p¹, which are actuated by the cylinder u¹ through the bars p², p³, in a
manner similar to that described with respect to the bars v, q. The manner
in which the motion given to the rods p³ is transmitted through the links o¹
to the links w and from thence to the pens will be understood by an exami-
nation of Figures 4, 5, 14, and 15 of the Drawings. Instead of providing
the cylinder u¹ with teeth or ratchets u for acting upon the rods p³ we
provide the said cylinders with removeable teeth marked p³ in Figure 14,
inserted in holes made in the said cylinder. By this means the removable
teeth p may be arranged at pleasure, so as to lift any particular pen or pens
according to the pattern being ruled. On the rods p¹ are short levers n¹ for
convenience of raising any row of pens by hand if required. Instead of
giving the step-by-step motion to the lifting cylinder or roller u¹ by means of
the spring fingers, inclines, and gearing already described, the same object
may be effected by connecting short cylinders with inclined or spiral grooves
in them on the ends of the lifting cylinder or roller u¹, and causing fingers
carried by the table B to work in the said grooves and communicate to the
lifting roller a step-by-step motion, as described with respect to the
cylinder L. One of these grooved cylinders to be applied to the end of the
lifting roller u is represented in front and side elevation in Figure 19. This
The whole pen
arrangement is much simpler thau that first described.

page_text: inserted in the
carriage V may be raised or lowered so as to adjust the height of the pens by
means of the screws 'n² at either end of the machine, the said screws being
geared together by the horizontal shaft m³ and bevil gearing m³ represented
in Figure 8. By turning the shaft m³ of the screws m² both ends of the pen
carriage V are simultaneously raised or lowered. The position of the
cylinders G, H, is adjusted preparatory to ruling in the following manner :-
The weighted cord 9 is allowed to run down, and the single row of teeth on
the cylinder G brought in the path of the toothed wheel F. By moving the
table B the required distance the teeth of the wheel F are
teeth of the cylinder H; the number of teeth in each row being so arranged
as to cause the wheel Fat each traverse of the table B to revolve through as
many degrees as shall by means of the screw E shift the transverse table C.&
distance equal to the spaces required between the lines in the pattern to be
ruled, as many teeth are then inserted in the cylinder G.as the sum of all the
teeth in the cylinder H, that is, such a number as will by their engaging with
the wheel F cause the table C to be returned to its original position on the
table B. Having placed the disengaging pin or tooth t (Figure 8) in the ratchet
wheel r at the point it is wished the cylinders to be reversed, the machine is
ready to be started. On the principal table B making its advance motion
the finger o moves through the inclined end 1 of the grooved cylinder L into
the straight' grooves of the said cylinder; the said cylinder L is thereby turned
through 15 degrees, a corresponding motion being given to the cylinder H,
so as to bring a plain space between two rows of teeth in the said cylinder H
in the path of the wheel F. By this means the table C has no transverse
motion during the traverse or advance stroke of the table B in the direction
contrary to that indicated by the arrow in Figure 1. The pens during this
advance stroke of the table B being down upon the paper or material, and the
said pens will rule parallel lines coincident with the course of the said table B.
The table B having nearly completed its advance stroke, and the wheel F having
left. the cylinder H, the finger passes through the inclined end 2 of the
cylinder L; thereby causing the cylinder H to rotate through another 15
degrees, and bring the first row of rack teeth of the said cylinder H in the
path of the wheel F. The pall s now falls into the ratchet wheel r on the
cylinder L, and retains it and the cylinder H in such a position that the
wheel F on the return stroke of the principal table B rolls along the said first
set of teeth in the cylinder H, and communicates a partial rotation to the
said wheel F. By the partial rotation of the wheel F the transverse table
C is moved upon the principal table such a distance as the first, shift of the
pattern being ruled requires. On the next double traverse of the table Ba
.

page_text: •
similar action takes place, the cylinder H being moved through another
step of 30 degrees, thereby bringing the second row of rack teeth into gear
with the wheel F, and again shifting the transverse table C as required by
the pattern, and so on until the table B has made the required number of
strokes. During the step-by-step motion of the cylinders L and H a similar
motion has been communicated to the cylinder G, and the weighted cord q is
wound upon the pulley p. As soon as the table B has completed its last
forward traverse (arranged by the position of the disengaging pin or tooth t
on the ratchet wheel r) the said pin or tooth has been brought by the rotation
of the said ratchet wheel under the pall s, and the said pin or tooth raises the
said pall from the ratchet wheel and allows the weighted cord 9 to reverse the
cylinders G and H, and thereby to bring the single row of teeth on the
cylinder G in the path of the wheel F, which said wheel F on the return
stroke of the table B rolls over or engages with the said teeth of the cylinder G,
and by the rotation given to the said wheel causes the transverse table C to
be brought back to its original or starting point on the principal table B.
During the reciprocating motion of the principal table B the rows of pens are
alternately raised from and allowed to fall upon the material being ruled, as
*well as such-pens raised as the pattern- requires, as herein-before explained. -
Figure 16 represents in side and end elevation another arrangement for
lifting the pall from the ratchet wheel of the cylinder L after the principal
table B has made the required number of-strokes, and also for re-engaging the
said pall with the ratchet wheel after the cylinder G has been reversed; r is the
'ratchet wheel fixed on the cylinder L, and d is a double pall kept in position by
the spring catch c bearing on the spindle e of the pall. The spindle e of the pall
is provided with two flat parts, against one or other of which the bar of the
spring catch c bears to hold the pall in or out of gear with the ratchet wheel r.
f is a moveable pin or forked tooth fixed at the required position on the ratchet
wheel r for lifting or disengaging the pall d at the proper time from the
ratchet wheel. On the shaft of the ratchet wheel r is a hook 6 for drawing
back the catch c. When the ratchet wheel has arrived at the position for
reversing the cylinders the disengaging tooth f works between the double
pall d, and striking against the said pall at d lifts the said pall, and the
motion of the ratchet wheel r, cylinder G, and parts connected therewith is
reversed by the action of the weighted cord 9, as herein-before described.
When the pall d is lifted by the tooth f a second flat part on the spindle e
is brought against the spring catch c, c³, and the said pall is held in its raised
position. On the reversal of the ratchet wheel r, which then moves in a
-direction contrary to that indicated by the arrow, the tooth f escapes the

page_text: raised pall d, and the hook 6 working over the incline at c³ of the catchic
draws down the said catch and removes the pressure from the spindle e of
the pall d, which pall now falls into gear with the ratchet wheel r. By the
descent of the pall d the first mentioned flat part on the spindle e is again
brought opposite the bar of the spring catch 6, which now bears upon the
said flat part and holds the pall in gear with the ratchet wheel. Instead
of making pens for ruling machines' with blades of the ordinary kind,
the said pens may be made of the form best seen in the enlarged views
Figures 17 and 18, that is to say, we make the pens with a long bearing
surface or edge y' instead of 'a point. Pens of this construction wear very
long and rule a full and flowing line. The said pens may be charged from
the top by means of the tube & communicating with the cistern of colour on
the top of the pen carriage, or by means of the ordinary method with a trough
and roller passing under the pens as indicated in Figure 2.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we do
not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of our Invention ;
claim as our Invention of improvements in machinery for ruling
ornamental patterns or devices,-
but we
Firstly. The construction and arrangement of the compound table, the
lower or principal table having a longitudinal motion from end to end of the
machine, and the other a transverse motion upon the first or principal table,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of mechanism
for giving an intermittent sliding motion to the transverse table for the
purpose of spacing the pattern being ruled, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement of the parts for reversing the
spacing mechanism and for returning the transverse table to its original
position on the principal table, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings; also the construction and
arrangement of parts for determining the position at which the spacing
mechanism should be reversed, substantially as berein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The construction and arrangement of parts for raising and
lowering the whole of the pens at each double traverse of the principal table,
and for lifting any particular pen or pens on the advance stroke of the said

page_text: table as the pattern being ruled may require, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in the. accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The construction and arrangement of the parts for shifting any
row of pens without disturbing the spaces of the pens with respect to each
other, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Sixthly. The construction and arrangement of parts for raising and lowering
the pen carriage, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly. The general arrangement or combination of the parts of
machinery for ruling ornamental patterns or devices, herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. Constructing the pens of machinery for ruling ornamental patterns
or devices with a long bearing surface or edge, as herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samuel Amphlet and Joseph Beverley
Fenby, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight
SAMUEL AMPHLET.
(L.S.)
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
JOSEPH BEVERLEY FENBY. (L.S.)
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.