A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING THE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francesco Daina, of Bergame, Kingdom of Italy,"
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR CONDENSING THE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 16th March 1866, and dated the 18th September 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francesco Daina at the-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his, Petition, on the 18th
September 1865.
I, FRANCESCO DAINA, of Bergame, Kingdom of Italy, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING THE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My new method of condensing steam consists in injecting it into water
flowing through the upper part of a syphon. The steam should be injected as.
much as possible in the direction of the current of water.
The apparatus may be of any convenient form, and it is necessary that the
water be in sufficient quantity to obtain the desired degree of condensation,
and that the current be sufficiently rapid to carry off the air bubbles arising
from the condensation. I proceed to describe by way of example an arrange-
ment of apparatus for carrying my method into effect.
The apparatus is composed of two pipes, one placed inside the other; these
pipes are each open at the bottom, where they terminate in a separate water
reservoir, the reservoir of the inner pipe being situated at a lower level than
that of the outer pipe. Above these pipes is a large pipe or chamber, which.

page_text: closes communication of their upper ends with the atmosphere, but leaves
communication from one to the other; there is also a passage between the
bottom of this chamber and the top of the inner pipe; the upper end of this
chamber communicates by a pipe with the cylinder of the engine to which the
apparatus is fitted. By admitting steam into the apparatus by the last-named
pipe all the air is expelled by outlet tubes, which are then closed by cocks.
I then shut off by a cock for a short time communication with the engine
cylinder; the apparatus cools, condensing the -steam therein, and water rises
in the outer pipe to the top thereof, and enters the top of the inner pipe;
owing to the difference in level of the two-reservoirs in which the lower ends
of the outer-and inner pipes (which form the two legs of a syphon) terminate,
a current of water is produced through this syphon, 'and continues as long as
the difference of level exists. I next open communication with the engine
cylinder, and the steam entering through the inner chamber is injected into
the current of water in the syphon, whereby it is condensed and carried,
together with any air it may contain, into the lower reservoir.
Instead of the vacuum in the apparatus being obtained as before-explained,
it may be produced by a pump communicating by a pipe with the upper
chamber.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francesco Daina in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th March 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, FRANCESCO.
DAINA, of Bergamo, Kingdom of Italy, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Francesco Daina, Her special licence that 'I, the said Francesco
Daina, his executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Francesco Daina, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no-others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
níake, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for ""A NEW
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING THE STEAM OF STEAM ENGINES," upon

page_text: the condition (amongst others) that I, the said: Francesco. Daina,my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing underamy, or their; or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner:the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six:calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francesco Daina, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto .annexed;
that is to say :-
My new method of condensing steam consists in injecting it into water
flowing through-the upper part of a syphon. The steam should be injected 'as
much as possible.in: the direction of the current of water.
The-apparatus may be of any convenient form, and it is necessary that the.
water be in sufficient quantity to obtain the desired degree of condensation;
and that the current be sufficiently rapid to carry off the air bubbles arising
from the condensation: I proceed to describe by way of example an arrange-
ment of apparatus for carrying my method into effect.
and
r..)
The apparatus is represented in external elevation in Figure 1 of the
accompanying Drawings, and in vertical section on a larger scale in Figure 2.
It is composed of two pipes a, b, one placed inside the other; these pipes are.
each open at the bottom, where-they terminate in separate water reservoirs g¹
the reservoir g of the inner pipe d being situated at a lower level than
the reservoir 9 of the outer pipe b. Above these pipes is a larger pipe or
chamber c, which closes communication of their upper ends with the atmo-
sphere, but leaves communication from one end to the other. There is also a
passage or funnel h between the bottom of this chamber c and the top e of the
inner pipe d. The upper end of the chamber c communicates by a piped with
the cylinder of the engine to which the apparatus is fitted. By admitting
steam into the apparatus by the pipe d all the air is expelled by outlet. tubes,
which are then closed by cocks f, f. I then shut off by a cock for a short
time communication with the engine cylinder; the apparatus cools, condensing
the steam therein, and water rises in the outer pipe b to the top thereof, and
enters the top of the inner pipe a. Owing to the difference in level of the
two reservoirs g, g', in which the lower ends of the onter and inner pipes a, b,
(which form the two legs of a syphon) terminate, a current of water is
produced through this syphon, and continues as long as the difference of level

page_text: exists. I next turn the cock to open communication with the engine
cylinder, and 'the steam entering by the piped into and through the upper
chamber.c is injected into the current of water in the syphon, whereby it is
condensed and carried, together with any air it may contain, into the lower
reservoir.g!.
Instead of the vacuum in the apparatus being obtained as before explained,
it may be produced by a pump communicating by a pipe i with the upper
chamber.c..
The dotted arrows in.Figure 2 indicate the course of the steam, and the
arrows in full lines the course of the water for condensing it. Any convenient
arrangement may be-adopted to maintain the difference in level of the water
in the reservoirs g and g¹.
And having now described -the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed,..I declare that I claim,-
First, condensing the steam of steam engines by injecting it into water
flowing through the upper part of a syphon, substantially as herein-before
described.
:,Second, constructing apparatus arranged and acting substantially as herein-
before, described, and represented in the accompanying Drawings, for con-
densing the steam of steam engines..
In witness whereof, I, the said Francesco Daina, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of January, 'in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
ENG FRAN DAINA (19)
ENG FRAN DAINA
(TG)