Improvements in Steam or Hot water heating Apparatus
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 25th Apr., 1888
Complete Accepted. 25th May, 1888
1, JAMES S. DORAN a Citizen of the United States of America but now residing
at 12 Oriel Road, Bootle, Liverpool, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to Improvements in Steam or Hot water heating Apparatus
whereby effective heating surface is concentrated into a narrow compass and a con-
tinuous circulation of the ambient air is effected.
The said Invention consists essentially of a horizontal base-pipe having a series of
transverse openings through it, and so arranged as to receive in pairs an inner and
outer vertical pipe. The outer one of which extending upwards from the upper side
of the horizontal pipe, the inner one also extending upwards from the underside
thereof, through and to an equal height of, the outer pipe.
When fixed in position the inner pipe will be open at each end while the annular
space between the inner and outer pipes will be closed at the upper end of the two
pipes.
By this arrangement it will be seen that the steam or hot water admitted at one end
of the horizontal pipe has free passage through the horizontal pipe and also to the
annular spaces between the outer and inner pipes and exit from the opposite end of
the horizontal pipe.
By this contact of the heating medium with the internal surface of the horizontal
and outer vertical pipe and the external surface of the inner pipes all of the metal
used in construction is effective heating-surface and by the inner vertical pipes being

page_text: open at both ends a rapid and continuous circulation of air is established which con-
tinues as long as there remains any heat in the apparatus.
To effect the speedy expulsion of the air from the inside of the apparatus-I
provide a small horizontal pipe with a series of side openings placed within the
larger horizontal pipe-and from said openings are fixed small vertical pipes open at
the top end, these vertical pipes are placed in the annular space between each pair of
heating pipes and extending nearly to the top of the space.-One end of this
horizontal piece is closed, the other extending through the end of the large
horizontal pipe and is fitted to receive a small air-cock.
This arrangement as discribed admits of the concentration of effective surface in
small compass and also gives maximum strength to resist internal pressure with the
minimum weight of material.
D
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page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating Apparatus.
I, JAMES S. DORAN of 22 Water Street Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to improvements in steam or hot water heating apparatus
whereby effective heating surface is concentrated into a narrow compass, and
continuous circulation of the ambient air effected. The said invention consists
essentially of a horizontal base pipe having a series of vertical openings through its
sides and so arranged as to receive in pairs an inner and an outer vertical pipe, the
outer pipe extending upward from the upper side of the horizontal pipe, and the inner
one extending upward from the lower side of said horizontal base pipe and passing
upward into and at an equal heighth with the outer pipe. When secured in position
the inner pipe will be open at each end, while the annular space between it and the
outer pipe will be closed at its upper end. By this arrangement of the pairs of pipes
connected with the horizontal base pipe, it will be seen that the steam or hot water
admitted at one end of the horizontal pipe has free passage into the annular space
between each pair of the outer and inner pipes and that all of the metal used in the
construction is therefore rendered effective as heating surfaces; the inner vertical
pipes being open at both ends a rapid and continuous circulation of air is established,
which continues as long as there remains any heat in the apparatus.
It will be noted that in the construction of the apparatus or radiator all screw
joints are dispensed with and the pipes are adapted to contract and expand to a
maximum degree without danger of leakage or damage to them. The pipes are
constructed from thin sheet copper and hence the radiator may be quickly heated,
the rapid expansion not having any injurious effect. The radiator constructed
according to the invention, while thoroughly effective in operation and successfully
fulfilling its requirements, is simple in its arrangement, light and comparatively
inexpensive.
Referring to the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section of a radiator constructed according
to the invention showing the cap and base pipe in section and a portion of
the copper base pipe and vertical pipes being in section on the dotted line Y Y of
Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a horizontal transverse section of the radiator on the dotted line X X
of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section through the horizontal base pipe and
one pair of the perpendicular pipes secured thereto, the section being presented
to illustrate the manner of securing the perpendicular to the horizontal pipes, and
Figure 4 is an enlarged detached sectional view illustrating in clearer form the
method of securing the perpendicular pipes to the horizontal base pipe,

page_text: A indicates the base or stand of the radiator which will be of ordinary form and
constructed from cast metal, having legs which elevate it from the floor; B the
horizontal copper base pipe; C the pairs of vertical copper pipes secured to the base
pipe in the manner hereinafter described; and D the cap for the vertical pipes, said
cap having a perforated or open top and being of suitable configuration to suitably
ornament the radiator. Any suitable number of base pipes B may be employed,
according to the size of the radiator and its requirements. In the accompanying
drawings I have illustrated a radiator having three of the base pipes B, the steam
being admitted at E and after circulating through said pipes and through the vertical
pipes, is allowed to escape at F. Each pair of pipes C consists of an inner pipe G
and an outer pipe H, the inner pipe being open top and bottom and being brazed to
the upper edge of the outer pipe as illustrated in Figures 1 and 3, while the lower
end of the inner pipe as well as the lower end of the outer pipe is brazed to the
pipe B. The pipe B along its upper and lower surface is provided with the vertical
flanges I, J, respectively, said flanges being circular in outline and the flange J being
centrally below the flange I and of smaller diameter. The lower ends of the inner
pipes G fit within and are brazed to the flanges J while the lower ends of the outer
pipes H fit within and are brazed to the flanges I.
In Figure 4 I illustrate in an enlarged view the method of brazing the lower ends
of the pipes G, H to the flanges I, J, and in this Figure it will be observed that the
upper edge of the flange I is deflected outward forming a lip which receives the
brazing metal whereby the pipe H is secured and retained in position; after
the pipe. H has been secured the projecting lip on the upper edge of the flange I is
removed, leaving a smooth surface at the upper edge of the flange, as illustrated in
figure 1, this stop being taken principally to improve the appearance of the radiator.
The flange J projects downward from the lower side of the pipe B and it likewise
has upon its edge an outwardly projecting lip which facilitates the introduction of
the brazing metal when it is desired to secure the pipe G in position, and which lip
after the pipe has been secured will be removed for the purpose of affording a better
finish to the apparatus. The upper edge of the outer pipe H is pressed against and
impinges the upper edge of the inner pipe G whereby the brazing metal, when
introduced, forms a close union between the pipes at their upper end and prevents the
escape of steam.
In the operation of the invention the steam passes through the pipe B and through
the spaces formed between the pipes G, H, thence escaping through the valve F, the
air in the mean time being permitted to enter the lower end of the pipes G and
escaping through the cap D. The base pipe B and the pipes G, H, are of thin copper
and as a consequence, when the steam is admitted to the radiator, they become quickly
heated and give forth the heat into the apartment. The manner of securing the
pipes G, H, together at their upper ends and to the base pipe B at their lower ends,
is such that thin copper pipes may be used without danger of the sudden expansion
and contraction to which they are subjected when in use, causing the joints to separate
or become impaired. The flanges I, J, securing the lower ends of the pipes G, H,
are adapted to permit a large amount of expansion and contraction in said pipes and
in the pipe B without danger of leakage, and the entire absence of screw threads
renders the radiator particularly safe and durable. All of the pipes being of thin
copper, the radiator will be very light and may be easily handled.
It will be observed that the pipes B are circular in cross-section, and are inde-
pendent of the cast base A. I secure certain advantages by constructing the radiator
as above described and by employing thin copper pipes in this construction, which are
not attained in the radiators heretofore known. For example, in my structure, the
upper edge of the pipe H is folded in against and brazed to the upper edge of the
inner pipe G, and this forms, at the point in the outer pipe where the metal is bent
inward, a surface where expansion and contraction can occur without affecting the
brazed joint between the pipes; this result is secured owing to the fact that thin
copper is employed, and it is a desirable and an important result. Another important
result I gain is that by the use of the thin copper pipes B as base pipes, I secure in

page_text: the circular side walls of said pipes an expansion and contraction surface which may
be affected by heat and cold without danger of loosening the joints formed at the
anion of the pipes G, H, with said base pipes. These results above mentioned I am
enabled to secure by the use of copper pipes, and in addition the radiator constructed
as described is light, durable and inexpensive. Iron radiators even if employing inner
and outer vertical pipes are incapable of accomplishing the results which I attain by
the use of copper pipes arranged in the manner above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by
my foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
First. In a radiator the base pipe B having the flanges I, J, combined with the
pipes G, H, secured within the said flanges, the outer pipe being closed at its upper
end and the inner pipe being open at both ends, substantially as set forth.
Second. In a radiator the base pipe B having the flanges I, J, combined with the
pipes G, H, brazed to the flanges I, J, respectively, the upper edge of the outer pipe H
being closed against and brazed to the upper edge of the inner pipe G, and all of
said pipes being constructed from thin copper; substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
Third. In a radiator the base pipe B constructed of thin copper combined with the
vertical thin copper pipe H secured to the upper side of the said base pipe and the
thin copper inner pipe G extending downward through the pipe H and being secured
to the lower side of the pipe B, the upper edge of the outer pipe H being brazed to
the upper edges of the pipe G; substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated Mills 24th day of April 1000.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.