AN IMPROVED CANDLE LAMP
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Martin, of Tenison Street, York Road,.
Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, and Oliver Penfold, of Blackmoor
Street, Drury Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED CANDLE LAMP."
Sealed the 29th August 1862, and dated the 1st March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Martin and Oliver
Penfold at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st March 1862.
We, LOUIS MARTIN, of Tenison Street, York Road, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, and OLIVER PENFOLD, of Blackmoor Street, Drury Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CANDLE LAMP," to be as follows:-
According to the construction of the ordinary candle lamp the heat of the
flame and contiguous metallic parts melts the candle more rapidly than is
necessary for the supply of the elements of combustion, and causes waste of
material and obstruction to the proper action and effect of the lamp. Now,.
the object of this Invention is to obviate and overcome these disadvantages by
the agency of a current or currents of air passing through or among the
heated portions of the metal and thrown upon the upper surface of the candle,
whereby the melting of the same is as it were regulated or modified, and the
due performance of the lamp ensured..

page_text: Where the candles to be used are manufactured according to our Patent,
dated 31st October 1860, No. 2662, for "Improvements in the Manufacture
of Candles," which are made in a cylindrical or tubular form, the tallow tube
contains an interior small tube which passes throughout its centre, and is fixed
by screws or other means to the lower part of the tallow tube; this internal
tube occupies the space in the centre of the tubular candle, and a current of
air
passes through the same from below, which interior current effects sudden
and complete combustion; but in order to avoid the effects of contact of the
heated upper part of this tube with the candle, the tube is to be surrounded
with some non-conducting material, such as cotton, wood, cork, or woollen
cloth, or other suitable non-conducting substance or composition.
The tallow tube is to be inserted into an outer or third tube, leaving a
space between the two; and the tallow tube is to be perforated with holes or
slots in various places, so that as the candle burns away the air is allowed to
pass through the same into and between the third or outer tube, which is
furnished at its upper part, in addition to the rim or glass holder, with a conical
moveable cap, which extends over and above the rim of the tallow tube, and
the air passing up between the tallow tube and outer tube and into the
conical cap is deflected or thrown down on the surface of the tallow or liquid
substance, keeping the outer surface of the tallow cool as well as the metallic.
portions of the lamp, and checking the waste of materials. The conical cap
is held by a rim on the outer tube, and the tallow tube is secured to the outer
tube by projections or clutches which rest on the inner rim thereof. Where
the ordinary lamp candles are used, of course the inner tube is dispensed with.
In some cases we prefer to make the inner tube in duplicate, that is to say,
the inner tube is to contain a tube of smaller dimensions (closed or partly
closed at the top) sufficient to allow of a current or draught of air passing
between the two tubes, and issuing between the flame in the form of a ring, by
which means we increase the illuminating properties of the lamp and cause a
steadier light.
In some cases we modify this novel arrangement of a double tube by
inserting at the upper part of the inner. tube an inverted cone, whereby the
air impinging on the inverted apex is caused to pass off at an angle and
emerge in a ring at the orifice of the tube.
Another modification we adopt is to insert an inner tube into our tubular
candle at the top, which inner tube is only to be about an inch or. an inch
and a half about in length; it is supported, if necessary, by three or more
arms or brackets resting on the surface of the candle, and is surrounded by a
non-conductor, as before described; or the single tube may have the top

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 1st September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, Louis
MARTIN, of Tenison Street, York Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
and OLIVER PENFOLD, of Blackmoor Street, Drury Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold, Her special licence that we,
the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Louis Martin and Oliver
Penfold, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CANDLE LAMP," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Louis Martin and Oliver
Penfold, our 'executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
or their, or one their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and, cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent'
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and 'ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
According to the construction of the ordinary candle lamp the heat of the
flame and contiguous metallic parts melts the candle more rapidly than is
necessary for the supply of the elements of combustion, and causes waste of
material and obstruction to the proper action and effect. of the lamp. Now,

page_text: the object of this Invention is to obviate and overcome these disadvantages by.
the agency of a current or currents of air passing through or among the
heated portions of the metal, and thrown upon the upper surface of the candle,
whereby the melting of the same is as it were regulated or modified, and
the due performance of the lamp ensured.
In order to explain our said Invention as completely as possible, we now
proceed to describe the best means we are acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, as follows:-
Where the candles to be used are manufactured according to our Patent,
datent October 31st, 1860, No. 2662, for "Improvements in the Manufacture
of Candles," which said candles are made in a cylindrical or tubular form, the;
tallow tube contains an interior small tube which passes throughout its centre
and is fixed by screws or other means to the lower part of the tallow tube;
this internal tube occupies the space in the centre of the tubular candle, and
a current of air passes through the same from below, which interior current.
effects sudden and complete combustion; but in order to avoid the effects of
contact of the heated upper part of this tube with the candle, the tube may, if
desired, be surrounded with some non-conducting material, such as cotton,
wool, cork, or woollen cloth, or other suitable non-conducting substance or.
composition.
The tallow tube is to be inserted into an outer or third tube, leaving a-
space between the two; and the tallow tube is to be perforated with holes or
slots in various places, so that as the candle burns away the air is allowed to
pass through the same into and between the third or outer tube, which is
furnished at its upper part in addition to the rim or glass holder with a conical
moveable cap, which extends over and above the rim of the tallow tube, and
the air passing up between the tallow tube and outer tube and into the conical
cap, is deflected or thrown down on the surface of the tallow or liquid
substance, keeping the outer surface of the tallow cool as well as the metallic-
portions of the lamp, and checking the waste of materials. The conical cap
is held by a rim on the outer tube, and the tallow tube is secured to the outer
tube by projections or clutches which rest on the inner rim thereof. Where
the ordinary lamp candles are used of course the inner tube is dispensed with.
The lower part of a cap or band of metal is perforated with a series of holes,
and is placed around the upper part of the outer casing of the lamp, corre-
sponding holes being made therein, by which means the openings may be
regulated in order to supply the requisite additional draught of air to the.
flame of the lamp. In some cases we prefer to make the inner tube in
duplicate, that is to say, the inner tube is to contain another tube of smaller..

page_text: dimensions (closed or partly closed at the top), sufficient to allow of a current
or draught of air passing between the two tubes, and issuing between the
flame in the form of a ring, by which means we increase the illuminating
properties of the lamp and cause a steadier light.
In some cases we modify this novel arrangement of a double tube by
inserting at the upper part of the inner tube an inverted cone, whereby the
air impinging on the inverted apex is caused to pass off at an angle and
emergo in a ring at the orifice of the tube.
Another modification we adopt is to insert an inner tube into our tubular
candle at the top, which inner tube is only to be about an inch or an inch and
a half in length; it is supported, if necessary, by three or more arms or
brackets resting on the surface of the candle, and is surrounded by a non-
conductor, as before described; or the single tube may have the top covered
with a perforated disc. Or the space between the double tube or between tho
cone and tube may be covered with a perforated ring.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention of "An Improved
Candle Lamp," and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we
would remark in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict ourselves to the
precise details herein described, as the same may be varied or modified in
many ways without at all departing from the principle of our Invention; but
what we claim as our Invention intended to be secured to us by the herein in
part recited Letters Patent is, the manufacture of candle lamps, substantially
in the manner herein described and for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Louis Martin and Oliver Penfold,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirtieth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-two.
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
(L.S.)
LOUIS MARTIN.
OLIVER PENFOLD. (L.B.)
4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross.