CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR OR A METHOD OF MAKING PAPER, WHICH HE DENOMINATES THE XERANOTHLIPTE
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
JAQUES JEQUIER, of Castle Street, Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the
Fourth, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bear-
ing date at Westminster, the Thirty-first day of August, in the second year
of His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Jean Jaques Jequier, His especial licence, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Jean Jaques Jequier, my exors, adññiors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Jean Jaques Jequier, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR OR A
METHOD OF MAKING PAPER, WHICH HE DENOMINATES THE XERANOTHLIPTE," commu-
nicated to me by a certain Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Jean Jaques Jequier, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, Jean
Jaques Jequier, do hereby declare that the nature of the said improvements,
and the manner of performing the same, are particularly described and ascer-

page_text: tained by the following description thereof, and by the Drawings hereunto
annexed, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:-
The Invention consists in a combination of machinery for making continued
lengths of paper with large wire water marks lengthwise of the paper, and
without any perceptible wrong side, similar to the paper heretofore made with
the common hand moulds, a process that could not be performed and has not
been employed with the machinery before used for the continued lengths
of paper, because laids or large wires would soon be bruised by the pressure of
the cylinder, and they would cut the stuff or pulp so as to produce only long
and straight bands of paper at the places where the large wire runs from end
to end of the wire cloth. By this method the pulp is conducted on the wire
cloth in the same manner as in the common system; the paper also passes, as
it does in the other system, on to the reels, and on the cylinders where it is to
be dried.
Figure 1 is a plan of the machinery, where may be seen the place occupied
by the principal cylinders; and also the endless wire cloth, which has laids or
large wires formed thereon at proper intervals, like the wire cloth used in hand
moulds; the progress of the paper will be evident, and the manner the motion
is communicated from the moving force b.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the machinery, shewing the situation of the
different parts of the frame and bearings of the long continued machine, and of
the cylinders, reels, &c.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the Figure 1, taken on the line A, B.
It shews in what manner the continued wire cloth K, K, and the endless
felt M, M, are conducted, and how they pass over the rollers and cylinders.
P, V, Y, are screws, used to push forward and backward the cylinders serving
to press or to bend the felt.
In these three Figures the same letters indicate the same parts wherever
they occur.
a, a, a, framing and bearings in cast-iron; b, the beam, moved by steam,
water, or any other agent, by means of the strap c; d, pinion wheel, screwed
to the beam b, and giving motion to a second pinion, serving to turn the
cylinder f; over the cylinder f passes the endless felt M, M; at the other end
of the beam 6 is a third pinion wheel receiving an endless chain to move the
main cylinder h; over the cylinder h passes the endless wire cloth, and by these
means the pulp is incessantly carried on it.
As to the mode employed to make and to carry the pulp over the endless
metallic cloth with laids or larger wires, it is exactly the same as with the
common machinery, that may be seen by the disposition of the design in the

page_text: Figures 1, 2, and 3, that is to say:-K, K, K, endless wire cloth passing over
a number of rollers 1, 1, 1, sufficient to let the pulps conveniently drain;
there is, as in the old machine, a vibrating motion serving to spread equally
the pulps over the wire cloth. Thus the pulp is carried, well drained and
extended, to the main cylinder, from thence it is received by the felt M, M, M ;
the paper being turned up goes to n, well drained, and laying as if it had
been placed with the hand out of the moulds. All that is effected by means
of the small cylinder o pressing more or less by means of a screw P, and
furnished with several pieces of felt or cloth, so as to produce the greatest
degree possible of elasticity; the paper goes along with the cloth, as it may be
seen by the arrows marked on the Drawings q, q, q, a cloth passing over the
endless cloth M, M, so as to continually drain the paper, carrying it to the
press cylinder; these means the paper is pressed. between two endless
cloths. R, a weight at the end of a lever, and that may be advanced more or
less when required; its use is to force the cylinder f to press continually the
paper. It is necessary to observe that the felt M, M, must be a bare cloth,
and the felt q, q, q, must be a high-napped cloth, that the paper may always
adhere to the cloth M, M; the paper arriving at T is taken off the cloth, and
retaken by the cylinder u pressing incessantly the cloth M,.M, by means
of the screw v; another cylinder X, with a fine cloth presses continually on
the cylinder u by means of the screw y, so as to make the paper even. The
paper
is then carried in the usual way on the reel, as may be scen in the
Drawings; from thence it is carried to several other cylinders to be dryed
by means of steam, after which it passes over a second reel, as is well under-
stood in paper making. Z is a cylinder serving to bend continually the
felt M, M; it is furnished with closely-napped cloth to avoid the taking out of
the paper from the felt M, M, by the cylinder Z. a', a chain, giving motion
to the axletree b'; the axletree b₁ bears a pinion wheel c', turning two other
pinions d' and e', moving the cylinders u and x; the reels are moved by the
usual means; h' is a small board, bearing at one end a brush, serving to keep
the cloth M, M, always clean; the board h' depresses the cloth, and it receives
the clean water by means of a cock placed for that purpose; l', a trough
receiving the water falling from the brush; m', a trough to receive the water
from the paper when it is drained; o¹, a board placed so as to oppose itself to
the water from the palp getting in the machinery; q', a brush to clean the
endless cloth q, q; p', cylinder serving to press the felt M, M, after it has been
washed; if it happened (and it is not supposed to easily happen) that the
cloth 7, 9, should get too wet and full of water, it could be remidied by
means of the cylinder immediately above to that one bearing the cloth q, q; in
that case the cylinder .above should be made in such a manner as to slide

page_text: in its bearings by ineans of a screw upon the cylinder underneath, so as to
press the cloth q, q, and drain it, as it is shewn in the cylinder X, to make the
paper even.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be carried into effect, I would have it understood that I lay no
claim to the various parts, separately, of which the machine is composed;
neither do I claim the application of large wires to the endless wire cloth to
produce the water marks lengthwise of the paper, that having been before
known. But what I claim as the Invention communicated to me from abroad,
is, the combination and arrangements of the parts from the point at which
the paper leaves the endless wire cloth K, K, K, till it arrives at the reel,
whereon the paper is wound in the usual manner of making paper by
machinery; and such combination and arrangement of parts is particularly
adapted to the couching and pressing of lengths of paper made on an endless
wire cloth, such wire cloth having large wires lengthwise, as above described.
As the principal part of the pressure for driving out the water and pressing the
paper does not take place till such paper leaves the wire cloth on which it is
first formed, consequently such paper will not be liable to be divided by the
longitudinal wires, which would be the case if the wire cloth were to pass with
the paper through the pressing rollers, as in the machines now employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Jaques Jequier, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-two.