Improvements in Incandescent Gas and other Lamps.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 18th June, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Gas and other Lamps.
We, THEODORE HEINRICH MULCH, Manufacturer, of 14, Convent Avenue, in the
City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, in the County and State of New York,
and OSCAR WIEDERHOLD, Manufacturer, of Summit, Union County, State of New
Jersey, both in the United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to lamps and has for its object to produce a simple, cheap,
and efficient lamp. To these ends our invention consists in the construction of
lamp hereinafter set forth and claimed.
Our invention will be understood by referring to the accompanying drawing in
which Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section and broken away, shewing a
burner embodying our invention the section being taken on line 1-1 of Figure 2.
Figure 2 is a section on line 2-2 of Figure 1. Figure 3 is a section on line 3-3
of Figure 1; and Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Figure 1.
The construction illustrated in the drawings is the preferred form of our lamp
and will be hereinafter specifically described, it being understood that the parts
may be varied without departing from the spirit of our invention.
One of the objects of our invention is to enable the influx of gas and air or
vapour to the mixing chamber or burning place of the burner to be efficiently
regulated. By thus efficiently regulating the influx of gas or vapour we are
enabled to employ our burner for a great variety of uses and to burn therein gases
which hitherto could not be successfully burned. For instance, we have found
that the burner is adapted for use with water gas. It has heretofore been attempted
to burn gas at high pressures and to regulate the influx thereof to the burner,
but such efforts have hitherto been unsuccessful for the reason that more or less
constricted passages have been used, which reduce pressure to such a degree that
it is impossible to obtain a Bunsen flame, it being understood that in order to
have a Bunsen flame it is necessary that the gas should rush out with considerable
velocity. Instead of employing a constricted passage as heretofore, we regulate
the flow of gas to the burning point by means of as short a passage as is possible.
Another object of our invention is to produce a lamp wherein the blackening
of the mantle will not readily occur and wherein the supply of air to the upper
part of the mantle will be most efficiently brought about. This object is attained
by the use of an air-drawing draught tube as will be set forth.
A further object of our invention is to bring the air in a warm or regenerated
condition to the place in the burner where it is burned and to so construct the
burner that the air will follow a tortuous course in entering the said burner and
passing to the burning point.
The following is a detailed description of the lamp shewn in the drawing, it
being understood that the said structure is only one of many structures which
may be employed.
As shewn in the drawing a is an exterior tube or air chamber which supports

page_text: a suitable gallery b. The tube a supports the mantle and draught tube supporting
devices which will be described later. Secured within the tube or casing a is a
collar c from which a mixing chamber or tube d depends. This mixing chamber
or tube extends downwards into proximity with the gas inlet and is preferably
continuous for its entire length leaving between the tubes d and a an air chamber e
The gas inlet is shewn in the present instance as comprising the following: -f is
a gas inlet sleeve from which a nipple f¹ extends in one direction which nipple fl
is capable of being received by the gas nipple g. The sleeve f has also a nipple f
extending from it on the side opposite to the nipple f. This nipple f is preferably
apertured laterally with apertures f³ and terminates in an obstruction f herein
shewn as of a conical form. The sleeve f is likewise preferably pierced laterally
with a bye-pass f³ which preferably receives a regulating screw fo and is provided
with a pilot burner tube shewn in the present instance as extending upward
through the sieve h of the burner. The nipples f¹ and f are preferably screw-
threaded. The upper nipple f2 receives a rotating gas regulator sleeve 8 which
is apertured at its top and provided with a thin plate spun into the said aperture
which thin plate is apertured to receive the obstruction f4. Instead of employing
a thin plate we may employ a thin edge, the essential feature being that the
chamber f10 should be unrestricted and the gas should be brought in considerable
volume to the thinned edge without passing through a long gradual constricting
chamber as in the ordinary needle valve now employed. In other words, that the
enlargement of the chamber around the thin edge should be abrupt instead of
tapering gradually as heretofore. We have found in practice that the plate f
should preferably be made of less than 10/1000ths of an inch in thickness so that by
employing an opening with a thin edge, the flow of gas can be very efficiently
regulated without reducing the gas pressure. The movable sleeve f8 is provided
with a handle f" which handle passes through a slot in the casing or tube a
which slot is preferably covered by a collar f12 moving with the handle f". The
sleeve or casing 8 is rotated over the nipple f2 and the amount of entry of the
obstruction f into the aperture in the plate fo thereby regulated. The amount
of swing of the handle fll may be regulated by adjusting the stop f¹3 which is
carried by the washer f¹ interposed between the gas nipple g and the sleeve f.
The casing or tube a is preferably provided with a number of apertures a¹
which are air inlet apertures. These apertures are preferably located opposite
solid portions of the interior tube or mixing chamber so that in order to reach
the mixing chamber it is necessary for the air to descend outside the said mixing
chamber to reach the lower end thereof where the gas is let in, the mixture of
air and gas then proceeding upwards through the mixing chamber into the burner.
The amount of air entering the burner may be regulated by the air shutter a²
which is located within the casing a, moving freely therein and provided with
a nib or pin passing through the slot b₁ in the casing. It will be observed
that the gallery b is provided with a slot f¹³ which is passed over the nib a when
the gallery is slipped on to the tube a, and the globe, chimney or other casing
supported on this gallery normally bars access to the shutter so that during the
normal operation of the light the air shutter will not be liable to be accidentally
displaced.
The preferred means for supporting the mantle and draught tube are shewn as
follows: el is a collar fitting the tube a and provided with an upwardly extending
bracket to which a socket and set screw are securely fastened.
mantle support et is carried adjustably in the said socket and set screw and is
A springy
shewn in the present instance as extending downwardly and then upwardly in
a loop into the draught tube e and terminating in a coil e within the said draught
tube from which the mantle e is suspended. The draught tube is provided
with a pair of ears or stirrups e upon a ring fitting on or connected to the upper
end of the draught tube, into which stirrups the upper end of the bracket is
received.
As will be observed the air will be free to pass to the lower part of the mantle

page_text: It will
by reason of the fact that there is no chimney closely surrounding the said mantle,
as has heretofore been usually employed. The passage of air to the upper part
of the mantle is brought about by the draught tube which creates a draught and
brings the air in a very efficient manner to the upper part of the mantle.
be observed that the draught tube extends downward a short distance only and
enclosing only the top portion of the mantle. The object of thus extending the
draught tube downward over the top portion only of the mantle is to leave the
lower part of the mantle free to receive a better supply of air than is possible in
mantles wholly surrounded by ordinary chimneys, thereby increasing the candle
power of the lower part of the mantle and also to concentrate a better air supply
to the upper part of the mantle so that the upper part of the mantle will give
out more light than heretofore. It will be noticed however that, so far as we are
aware, this draught tube covering only the upper part of the mantle can be used
only in Bunsen burners where a large volume of air is supplied to the Bunsen
flame.
The object of suspending the mantle by the springy suspension device is two-
fold. The first object is to suspend the mantle by a springy device which is far
enough from the mantle to be practically unaffected by the intense heat of the
mantle so that its temper will not be destroyed; the second is to remove the mantle
support so far from the mantle as not to detract from the candle power of the
mantle, it being well known that the ordinary mantle support, which is the rod
running alongside the mantle or a central rod passing up through the mantle
has the effect of diminishing the candle power of the mantle, in some instances
as much as three-candle power, whereas in our structure the mantle suspension
device and the draught tube supporting device or rod are so far removed from the
mantle as to have practically no effect upon the mantle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In a burner the combination of a nipple provided with an obstruction and
serving as a gas inlet, a rotating gas regulator sleeve moving upon the said
nipple and chambered within and provided with a thin edge so that the gas may
be brought to the said thin edge in an unrestricted fashion.
2. In a burner the combination of a gas inlet nipple, an adjustable rotating
sleeve chambered within and surrounding the said nipple and provided with an
apertured thin plate forming the top wall of the chamber an obstruction entering
the said aperture and means whereby the sleeve may be adjusted to regulate the
passage of gas through the aperture in the plate.
3. In a burner, the combination of a gas inlet sleeve provided with a threaded
nipple terminating in an obstruction f*, a sleeve f surrounding the said nipple
and moving thereon and provided with an apertured thin plate embracing the
obstruction on the nipple and a bye-pass formed in the gas inlet sleeve substantially
as described.
4. In a burner the combination of a mixing chamber d receiving air and gas
at or near its lower end, a casing a surrounding the said mixing chamber and
apertured at a place remote from the lower end of the mixing chamber and an
air shutter moving inside of the casing a and a connection between the casing a
and the air shutter whereby the air shutter may rotate and reciprocate in the
casing a.
5. In a burner the combination of a chamber provided with a thin edge
bounding a gas outlet from said chamber the wall of the said chamber extending
abruptly away from said edge, an obstruction entering the space enclosed by the
said edge and means for varying the amount of space between the edge and the
obstruction.
6. In a burner the combination of a gas inlet and obstruction, a chamber sur-
rounding the said obstruction and provided with an apertured thin plate forming a

page_text: portion of the wall of the chamber and adapted to receive the obstruction and
means for varying the amount of entry of the obstruction into the apertured plate.
7. In a gas burner the combination of an air chamber having air inlet orifices
at or near one end thereof, a mixing chamber located within the air chamber
and having an inlet for air at or near one end only thereof which end is remote
from the end of the air chamber having the inlet orifices whereby the air passing
into the air chamber will traverse the space between the mixing chamber and
the air chamber throughout substantially the length of the said chambers so as
to be heated during said passage and will thence pass into the mixing chamber
and to the point of ignition substantially as described.
8. In a gas burner the combination of a mixing chamber and enveloping air
chamber, the said mixing chamber and air chamber being of considerable extent,
the mixing chamber terminating at or near one end of the air chamber and the
air chamber being provided at the end thereof opposite and remote from the
terminal of the mixing chamber with air inlet passages, whereby the incoming
air will traverse substantially the entire length of the mixing chamber before
entering the same.
9. In a gas burner the combination of a mixing chamber, an air chamber sur-
rounding the said mixing chamber and an air shutter located within the air
chamber and freely movable therein substantially as described.
10. In a gas burner the combination of a mixing chamber and an air chamber
provided with an air shutter and an additional casing or chimney normally barring
access to the air shutter so that during normal operation of the light the air
shutter will be inaccessible and cannot be accidentally displaced to the detriment
of the proper operation of the light.
11. In a gas burner the combination of a mixing chamber, an air chamber sur-
rounding the said mixing chamber and provided with apertures remote from the
gas receiving end of the mixing chamber so that the air will enter the apertures
in the air chamber and impinge against solid portions of the mixing chamber
and an air shutter located within the air chamber and arranged to regulate the
entry of air into the air chamber.
12. In a burner the combination of a mantle, a main burner, a pilot burner,
and a rotating sleeve arranged to allow the passage of gas to the pilot burner
at all times and to regulate the admission of gas to the main burner at predeter-
mined times.
13. The combination of a burner, an air drawing draught tube located above
the burner and enclosing the upper part of the mantle whereby the lower part
of the mantle may radiate the light unrestricted by the said draught tube and
the said draught tube will serve to bring air in an efficient manner to the
upper part of the mantle.
14. The combination of an incandescent gas burner an air drawing draught tube
supported in proximity thereto and surrounding the upper part of the mantle
only, the lower part of the mantle; being uncovered by the said draught tube and
free to radiate its light in an unobstructed manner.
15. The combination of a mantle, an air drawing draught tube enclosing the
upper part of said mantle so as to bring air thereto but leave the lower part of
the said mantle, unobstructed and a pillar suspending the draught tube in position
and located at such a distance from the mantle as not to distract heat from the
incandescent portion of the mantle.
16. The combination of a draught tube support and a mantle suspending device
carried by the draught tube support, the said suspending device being supported
from a point above the level of the top of the mantle.
17. The combination of a mantle and a suspending device therefor, the said sus-
ending device being supported from the burner and provided with a loop giving
resiliency to the said suspending device, the said loop or resilient member of the
said suspending device being located at a distance from the mantle so that its
resiliency will not be destroyed by the heat of the mantle.

page_text: 18. In an incandescent lamp the combination of a mantle and a mantle sus-
pending device and an air drawing draught tube, the said mantle suspending device
being supported outside the draught tube and extending into the draught tube
to support the mantle.
19. In an incandescent lamp the combination of an incandescent mantle and an
air drawing draught tube, the said draught tube covering the top only of the
mantle and means for suspending said draught tube in position, substantially as
described.
20. In an incandescent lamp, the combination of an incandescent mantle and
an air drawing draught tube the said draught tube covering the top only of the
mantle means for suspending said draught tube in position and a mantle sus-
pending device supported by the draught tube supporting means.
21. In an incandescent lamp the combination of an incandescent mantle and an
air drawing draught tube located in proximity to the said mantle and a draught
tube and mantle supporting means comprising means for engaging the top of the
draught tube, a mantle suspending device a rod or bar supporting the same and
a ring or collar surrounding the Bunsen burner which heats the incandescent
mantle whereby the draught tube, mantle and ring may be removed from the
burner without disturbing the Bunsen flame.
22. In an incandescent light, the combination of an air drawing draught tube
suspended at its upper end by a ring substantially as described.
101
1000
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53, Chancery Lane, London.