CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS AND OTHER MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN FLATTENING, PREPARING, AND POLISHING WIRE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF REEDS FOR WEAVING, THE ROLLERS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DE BERGUE, of Number 9, Arthur Street West, in the City of London,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twenty-fourth day of July, in the ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles de Bergue,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Charles de Bergue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others
as I, the said Charles de Bergue, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS
AND OTHER MACHINERY TO BE EMPLOYED IN FLATTENING, PREPARING, AND POLISHING
WIRE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF REEDS FOR WEAVING, THE
ROLLERS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER LIKE PURPOSES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Charles de Bergue, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and scal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles de Bergue, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following Statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention for "Certain Improvements in Rollers and other Machinery
to be employed in Flattening, Preparing, and Polishing Wire for the Con-
struction or Manufacture of Reeds for Weaving, the Rollers being applicable
to other like Purposes," consists in the peculiar construction and application
of machinery for the purpose above described in the title of this my Invention,
that is to say, for flattening, preparing, and polishing wire, which wiro is
afterwards to be manufactured into reeds for weaving cotton, silk, and other
fibrous material. The improvement in the construction of rollers consists in
a mode of manufacturing the rollers in such manner that there is no joining
in the piece of steel forming the periphery of the roller; and, moreover, that
the steel forming such part of the roller is never subjected to a heat greater
than that of a bright red heat, that is to say, the steel is never required to be
heated to a welding heat, as heretofore, which tends very much to destroy the
nature and properties of highly refined cast steel, or, in other words, to
impoverish the steel. In order to effect this, I prepare a ring of steel, which,
when hardened, is firmly fixed upon a boss or axis, and afterwards ground up
true, as will be hereafter described.
My improvements in machinery to be employed in preparing and polishing
wire, which wire is afterwards to be manufactured into reeds, as aforesaid,
consists in certain combinations of apparatus or improved machines, whereby
I am enabled to produce a better quality of wire in less time than by the
processes heretofore in use. And in order that the same may be clearly
understood and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe more par-
ticularly the nature of my Invention, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexel, in which similar letters deuoto corresponding parts in all
the Figures of the several sheets of Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OP THE DRAWINGS.
Drawing A shows the mode of constructing the flattening rollers according
to the first part of my Invention, which will be clearly understood by the
following description, viz:-In order to produce rollers for flattening iron,
brass, and steel wire, and other metals, I, in the first place, (for a roller of six

page_text: inches diameter and two inches broad,) procure a piece of steel of about seven
inches long, two inches wide, and one and five eighths deep, as shown at A,
Figures 1 and 2. This piece of steel is to be rounded at each end, as shewn
at Figure 2, and then formed into a ring, which may be done by forming a
slot a in the piece of steel, as shewn at Figure 3, and afterwards opening the
steel out in the form of a ring, as shewn at Figure 4. In order to form the
slot a, a number of holes may be drilled through the piece of steel, as shewn
at Figure 5, and the portions of steel b, b, between the holes, cut out, or a
hole may be drilled through the piece of steel at each end only, as shewn at
Figure 2, and the portion of steel b', represented by dotted lines, removed by
means of a "set" chisel or slotting engine, as is well understood. Having
thus formed the ring, as shewn at Figure 4, I fix it firmly upon a metal boss
or axis, shewn at Figures 7 and 8, which represent transverse sections of my
improved rollers, which are constructed in the manner following, that is to
say-B, B, represents a portion of the axis or shaft, upon which is firmly
fixed a cast or wrought iron. boss C, C, by means of a key D, D. The peri-
phery of this boss is to be turned up perfectly true, in order to receive the
steel ring A, which ring,. previous to being secured on the boss, is to be bored
out true and turned on the periphery, leaving it somewhat larger than the
intended diameter, so as to allow for grinding. The ring, after being thus
prepared, is to be hardened by any of the well-known processes now in use,
after which it is to be firmly fixed on the periphery of the boss C, as shown
at Figures 7 and 8, which represent two different modes of attaching the ring
to the boss. In Figure 7 the boss is turned smaller in diameter than the
inner diameter of the ring, so as to leave an annular space between the boss C
and ring A of about one eighth of an inch, more or less. This space, after the
ring and the boss have been placed perfectly, true with each other, and secured
in such position by any convenient means, I take some copper wire, and bend
it round, so as to be inserted into the annular space; this copper wire is
then to be forcibly compressed in the annular space, which may be done by
means of a corking tool and hammer. Having driven in a quantity of wire,
so as to occupy about one half inch of the annular space, that is to say,
from c to d, I fill up another portion of such annular space, namely, from
d to e, with lead, which is also to be tightly corked in. The object of this is,.
that if the space was filled with copper throughout the pressure on the inner
part of the ring would have a tendency to burst it. I. therefore prefer to fill
a portion of such space with lead, and then cork or drive in more copper wire,
so as to fill the remaining space from e to f. The periphery of the boss may.
if desired, have small grooves or indentations cut in its surface in a circular

page_text: direction; circular grooves may also be cut in the inner circumference of the
ring, as shown. Figure 8 shews the ring fixed on the roller by being ground
so as to fit tight and true upon it. The ring having been fixed on by either
of the processes above described, it is in the next place ground and polishod
'up ou the periphery in the usual manner of grinding such rollers.
The second part of my Invention relates to the machine or apparatus for
'preparing and polishing the wire after the same has been flattened by passing
through the rollers, and consists in rendering such machine self-acting,
as regards the turning department, as will be herein-after described.
so far
Figure 1, in Sheet B, represents a side elevation of a polishing machine,
shewing my improvements attached; Figure 2, an end view; Figure 3,
a plan.
Figures 4, 5, and 6, represent in detail portions of the machine or apparatus
forming the second part of my Invention. The parts colored are those which
are new, the others being old and well known. It will therefore be un-
necessary to enter into a description of such parts further than stating that
my object is to drive the machine by a steam engine or other motive power,
in place of employing a labourer to turn such machine, as heretofore. The
following is a description of the mechanism for rendering the machine self-
acting, so far as regards the services of the labourer. a, a is the main axis
or driving shaft, which is supported in suitable bearings at one end of the
machine. Upon this shaft there are four pullies, 6, 6', and c, c. The pullies
marked b, b', are loose pullies; those marked c, c', being fast or driving pullies.
The loose pullies b, b, it. will be observed, are double the width of the fast
pullies c, c. e, e', are two driving straps, which are driven by an engine or
other motive power. The object of having two straps is to drive the machine
alternately at different velocities, as may be required, and which is necessary
in the process of finishing or preparing the wire. f,f, is a strap guider
supported by brackets or holders 9,9, in or through which the strap guider
freely moves. It will be observed (in referring to Figure 2) that the driving
straps e, e', are both on the loose pullies b; b. Under theso circumstances the
machine will be inactive or motionless; but on moving the strap guider f, f, in
a direction of its length, one of the driving straps e or e³ will be moved on to
one of the two fast pullies c or c', and motion will be communicated to the
shaft a. Suppose, for instance, the strap guider f.f, to be moved, so as to bring
the driving strap e' on to the fast pulley c', and supposing the said strap & to be
running at the quicker speed, the fast motion would then be imparted to the
main shaft a, and by the aforesaid motion of the strap guider the driving
strap e, on the opposite side of the machine, would be moved the same distance

page_text: along the loose pulley 6; and, on the contrary, if the strap guider bo moved in
the other direction, so as to bring the slower strap e on the fast pulley c, which
motion would also bring the fast strap e' on to the outer edge of the loose
pulley b', then in this case the slower motion is imparted to the main shaft a.
h is a pulley keyed on the driving shaft a, which gives motion by means of the
cross strap i to the pulley h, which is keyed on the shaft k, which shaft is
supported in suitable bearings at the opposite end of the machine. Upon the
shaft & there is a pulley, and upon the shaft a there is a pulley m. One of
these pullies is shewn in section at Figure 5, drawn to a scale of three inches
to one foot, and, as will be clearly seen, is driven by means of a friction cone in
the following manner :-n is a circular plate of metal keyed fast upon the
shaft a, and is in contact with the boss of the pulley m, which pulley works
losely upon the shaft a. o, o, are two studs firmly fixed into the plate n. p is the
friction cone which is made to slide upon the shaft a, and is driven by means
of the studs o, o, which pass through holes drilled in the face of the friction
cone, the periphery of which is covered with leather or other suitable material,
shewn in section at 9. The friction cone p (Figure 5) is shewn as being in
close contact with the pulley m, in which position, if rotary motion were given
to the plate n (which as before stated is keyed on the shaft a), such plate, by
means of the studs o, o, would drive the cone p, the periphery of which, acting
upon the inner circumference of the pulley m, would have the effect of driving
that pulley also, that is to say, so long as the cone p is kept in contact with the
pulley m; but immediately the cone p is withdrawn, by sliding it upon the
shaft a, rotary motion in the pulley m will cease. The sliding motion of the
cone p is effected by an arrangement of levers shewn at Figures 4, 5, and 6;
Figure 4 being a plan view, and Figure 6 an elevation of Figure 5, which
latter is also a plan drawn on a larger scale, the pullies being shewn in section.
r, r, is a shaft extending across the machine, and supported in suitable
bearings at 8, s. At each end of this shaft is firmly fixed a pedal or treddle t, t'.
u is a double lever with forked ends keyed upon the shaft r. This lever embraces
the end of a lever v keyed upon the shaft w, which shaft is supported at each
end by bearings x, x. y is a forked lever keyed on the shaft w (see Figure 6).
In the upper end of this lever there is fixed two small studs z, z, the ends of
which enter a groove turned in the boss of the friction cone p. By this
arrangement it will be observed, that if the workman presses with his foot
upon the treddlet, a certain amount of motion will be given to the shaft w, by
means of the levers u, v, which motion, by means of the forked lever y and
studs, will have the effect of withdrawing the friction cone p from the-
pulley m, and thereby allow the shaft a to run freely within the pulley m

page_text: without imparting motion to the same. The lover and the shaft w' are
intended to put in motion the pulley 7, in the same manner as above described
with regard to the pulley m, so that by pressing with the foot upon either end
of the treddle at t or motion can be given to the pulley or m alternately,
as may be required; and by means of the straps P, m³, such motion will be
imparted to the pullies ", m", which pullies are keyed on the shafts B, B",
carrying the drums D, D'. Underneath the treddle (see Figure 1) there is
a spring, which keeps the treddle in a horizontal position, in which position
the pullies and m are motionless. J, J, are two catches or palls suspended
from the ends of a small shaft K, K, which extends across the frame. The
object of these pails are to keep the end of the treddle or treddles down, after
being pressed upon by the foot.
I will now describe the action of the machine, with my improvements
attached, first observing that L is a table or platform upon which the filing
and polishing tools are fixed, and which tools form the third part of my
Invention. Supposing a length of wire to be wound round the drum D, and
after passing through one of the tools (hereafter described) to be attached to
the periphery of the drum D³, then, on moving the strap guider f, f, so as to
bring one of the driving straps or on to one of the fast pulleys c or c',
motion will be given to the shaft a and also to the shaft by means of the
cross strap i, which causes the two shafts to revolve in opposite directions.
The two shafts a and k being supposed to be in motion, then, in order to draw
the wire from the drum D. (through the tool) on the drum D', it is only
necessary to press with the foot on the end of the lever at t, which will bring,
in the manner before described, the friction cono in contact with the pulley I,
which will impart motion to the drum D' in the manner before described.
When it is required to draw the wire back again on to the drum D, it is only
necessary to throw the palls J back, and press with the foot on the opposite
end of the lever t', when motion will be given to the drum D, and in this
manner the wire may be drawn backwards and forwards from one drum to
another, until the process of filing and polishing is complete. Another
important feature in this machine consists in an improved application of the
friction band, which is intended to prevent the wire as it is drawn from one
drum to another becoming slack; and in order to maintain a regular and
certain degree of tension, there are two grooved pullies F, F, of different
diameters, attached to the side of the drum D, D', round which the friction
band E passes. Thus, supposing the wire to be passing from the drum D' to
drum D, it will be necessary to retard the motion of the drum D' so as to
keep the wire between the two drums stretched tight. In order to do this it is

page_text: only necessary to put the friction band E in the larger pulley at F', and at
the other end of the machine on the smaller pulley F. By this mode I can
produce the required tension more regular than by the method heretofore
practised.
I will now describe the third part of my Invention, which relates to
the construction of certain machines or apparatus technically termed filing
and polishing tools, which are intended for filing and polishing the wire,
reference being had to Drawing C, in which Figure 1 is an elevation and
Figure 2 a plan view of a filing tool, through which the wire passes for the
purpose of filing it. This apparatus or tool consists of a combination of files
arranged in such manner as to embrace the whole surface of the wire, but
more particularly the edges of the wire which require to be very smooth and
regular. And in order that this part of my Invention may be clearly under-
stood, I will proceed to describe the sheets of Drawing hereunto annexed and
marked C and D.
Figure 1, Sheet C, represents an elevation of one of my improved filing
tool; Figure 2, a plan view; and Figure 3, an end view thereof. Similar
letters denote corresponding parts in both sheets of Drawings C and D. a, a,
is the framing or foundation plate supporting the combination of files marked
with the letters 6b, b, b, b, b. Each of these files are firmly fixed in frames in
the following manner, reference being had to Drawing, Sheet D, the several
Figures on which are drawn full size. c, c, Figure 1, shews a plan and edge
view of a cast-iron plate or frame, upon the face or side of which is fixed
three or more files b, b. The face of the frame c having been previously
planed true to receive the files, the mode of attaching the files b, b, b, to tho
frame c, c, is by means of a plate d, d, shewn at Figure 2, which represents a
plan and edge view of a plate of wrought iron or other suitable metal having
a number of grooves d', d', cut in its surface. These grooves receive the
files, which are made square and cut on all the sides, so that when one side of
the file is worn out another side can be presented to the action of the wire.
It will therefore be observed, that the files are firmly fixed between the plates
c and d by means of screws e, e (see Sheet C), so as to form a frame of files.
Figure 3 is an elevation, and Figure 4 a sectional plan, taken through the line
A, B, of a portion of the filing tool (shewn in Sheet C), shewing the mode of
fixing the file frames c, d. e, e, is a circular plate of metal bolted upon the
frame or foundation plate a, a. This circular plate has four pins or studs
f.f.ff. projecting from the face, upon which are suspended the file frames,
so as to move freely as upon an axis. 9, 9, is a disc of metal which
moves freely in a hole bored in the centre of the plate e, e.
h is a lever

page_text: Z
attached to the disc of inetal g, g. Through the end of this lever there is a
screw i, the end of which rests upon a steel spring k, fastened to the edge of
the foundation plate a by means of a screw. 1, 1, 1, 1, (Figure 4,) are four
steel pins projecting from the face or side of the disc of metal g. The ends of
the pins pass between the plates c & d, forming the file frames, as shewn in
dotted lines in Figure 3. It will therefore be evident by this arrangement
that if the end of the lever h be raised or dépressed a certain amount of
motion will be given to the file frames. Thus by turning the screw i so as
to press upon the spring the end of the lever h will be raised by the
force of the spring k. The effect of this will be, that the end of the files
b, b, b, b, will be brought closer together, so as to press upon the edges of the
wire, which is supposed to be passing through the diamond-like opening formed
by the four files. On the contrary, if the screw be turned in an opposite
direction, so as to unscrew it or raise it from the spring k, then by pressing
on the end of the lever h the files b, b, b, b, will be withdrawn from the wire.
In order to explain the action of this part of the apparatus more clearly, I will
suppose the end of the lever to be pressed down or fall by its own weight,
after having unscrewed the screw i. Then, in consequence of the lever h being
attached to the disc g, g, such disc will receive a certain amount of motion in
the direction of the arrow, which motion, by means of the pins 1, 1, will bo
transmitted to the file frames, which, as before stated, are suspended upon an
axis at the upper file frames being moved in the direction indicated by
the arrows 2, 2, the lower file frames being moved in the direction indicated
by the arrows 8, 3, which will have the effect of withdrawing the files from
the wire, which is shown in section coloured blue. The object of the spring s
is therefore to give an elastic pressure to the files against the wire, the
amount of which can be regulated by the screw i. No. 1, No. 2, No. 3,
No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, are end views, shewing the different position of the files
and file frames, when combined so as to form a filing tool, according to this
part of my Invention, the combination being shown in elevation and plan at S
Figures 1 and 2 (Sheet C), in which sheet. all the Figures are drawn to a
scale of six inches to one foot. Figure 4 (Sheet C) shews a front and edge
view of the disc g and lever h, which have a hole through the centre for
the passage of wire through the tool, the action of which is as follows:-
m, m, is the wire, which I will suppose to be going through the filing process, 3
and passing in the direction of the arrow from one drum of the filing and
polishing machine to another, as described with reference to Sheet B, in which
case the combination of files, Nos. 1, 2, and 8, are so placed or fixed in the file
frames as to present their cutting edge to the wire as it passes through the
k

page_text: tool, the files being acted upon or pressed against the wire by the action of the
springs k, k, k. The arrangement of files, Nos. 4, 5, and 6, have their
cutting edge in an opposite direction, and are brought into action by the
springs k', k, k', as already described, when the motion of the wire is reversed,
and so on alternately, the files in the file frames, Nos. 1, 2, and 3, being at
the same time released by the depression of their respective levers h, h, h.
At each end of the machine there is a roller o, o, mounted upon an axis p..
which runs freely in an iron frame 9 bolted to the end plates e, e. In Sheet D,
Nos. 1, 2, 3, &c., the face of the files are shewn at or near the following
angles with the horizontal plane: namely, No. 1, nine degrees; No. 2, thirty-
two degrees; No. 3, sixty-eight degrees; No. 4, ninety degrees; No. 5, forty-
eight degrees; No. 6, twenty degrees, which I have found to answer very
well; but these angles will vary a little according to the breadth and thick-
ness of wire passing through the tool. Notwithstanding, I do not confine
myself to such angles, as the same may be slightly varied without departing
from the principle of my
Invention.
Sheet E shews another modification of the filing tool last described, in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation, and Figure 2 an end view. The files in this case
are placed horizontally and vertically, that is to say, they are at right angles
to each other.
The following is a description of this filing tool:-A, A, is the bed or
foundation plate, upon which is bolted three plates B supporting the filo
frames, which in this case are made to contain ten files each. Figure 3 is a
side view, and Figure 4 a transverse section of the file frames taken through
the line x, y, of Figure 3, in which c, c, represents a cast-iron or other metal
frame, upon which is fixed the files D, D, by means of a plate E and screws F
in the manner before described. These frames have a pivot or axis G at each
end, which are made to fit and move freely in holes drilled in the plates B, B,
see Figure 5, which represents a side view of one of the plates, H, H, being
the holes in which the axis of the file frames move. At one end of each of
the file frames there is fixed a lever L for the purpose of moving the file
frames to and from the wire in the following manner :-J is a disc of metal
having four pins K, K, projecting from its face, which pins enter slots formed
in the ends of the levers L, see Figure 6, which shews a side view of the
arrangement of levers for moving the four file frames. The disc J is moved
by a lever L actuated by a spring M. The file frames are therefore moved
in a similar manner to that last described, with this difference, that instead of
the pins K passing between the two plates forming the file frame, such pins

page_text: (in this filing tool) pass through the end of the levers L, which levers, as
before stated, are fixed on the end of each of the file frames.
Figure 7 shews an end view of the arrangement of file frames, the plate B
and levers L being removed. On referring to this Figure it will be seen that
two of the four file frames are constructed in a different manner from those
already described, as will be seen by the following description; that is to say,
the files D'are fixed to a bar of cast iron C by means of a plate E and
screws F, as described, an end view of which is shewn separately at Figure 8.
The bar Cis attached to the bar C' by means of a set screw *, which, after
passing through the bar C³, enters a projecting piece or lug C³ (see Figure
1 and 8.) There is also a lug or projection cast on each end of the bar C',
through each of which there is a set screw **, passing into the file bar C.
The object of this arrangement is that one end of the file bar C, to
which, as before stated, are attached files, which files can be forced further
from or brought nearer to the centre line of the filing tool at pleasure, the
object of which will be hereafter described. At each end of the machine
(Figures 1 and 2) there is a small steel roller N, supported in a frame O,
attached to the end plate B. Each of these rollers has a small groove cut in
its periphery. P is a small roller or steel pin which passes through two
holes in the frame O, the holes being drilled in such position that the steel
pins are in contact, or nearly so, with the rollers. The object of this arrango-
ment is to prevent the wire at each end of the machine turning upon its edge,
that is to say, the groove in the roller N and steel pin P, above such roller, is
intended to keep the flat part or side of the wire in a horizontal position.
The action of this apparatus or tool is as follows:-m, m, is the wire which
enters the tool by first passing between the roller N and pin P in the manner
above described. During its passage through the tool, the wire is twisted
half a turn round, that is to say, that part of the wire which is uppermost
when entering the tool is undermost when leaving it, so that in the middle of
the tool the wire is upon its edge. In order to explain more clearly the
object of twisting the wire half a time or turn round, I will suppose the wire
to be passing through the tool perfectly Hat from end to end, the result of
which would be, that in consequence of the files being at right angles to each
other, the edges of the wire, after passing through the arrangement of files,
would be square instead of rounded. Thus, by twisting the wire as already
described, the edges thereof will be rounded, in consequence of the position
which they bear with regard to the face of the files.
Figure 9. is a front elevation, shewing the arrangement of files without the

page_text: frames, and Figure 10 an end view, shewing the wire passing through them.
It will be seen, on referring to Figure 9, that the files D³, D³, are wider apart
than at D, D, at which place the wire is flat or in a horizontal position;
hence the object of having the file frames C³, C², constructed of two separate
parts, which by means of the set screws **, admits of the position of the files
being altered to suit the different breadths or curves formed by the twisting of
the wire, which will be understood.
I will now describe my improved polishing apparatus or finishing tool,
reference being to Drawing Sheet F, in which Figure 1 is a front elevation,
Figure 2 a plan, Figure 3 an end view, and Figure 4. a transverse section,
taken through the line A', B', of Figure 1. A, A, is the framing or bed
plate, the ends of which form inclined planes. B, B, is a rectangular or
oblong frame, having incliued ends or planes resting upon those of the frame
A, A. C, C, is a cast-iron plate or frame bolted upon the bed plate A, A.
A portion of this frame is shewn in elevation at Figure 5, and in plan at
Figure 6, and consists of an oblong plate of iron C, C, having a number of
projecting pieces at right angles to the plate. D, D, is another plate or frame
similar in construction to that last described, but moves freely upon the frame
or bed plate A, A. E, E, is a rectangular frame of cast iron, having a number
of transverse, ribs or bars F, F, F, which rests upon similar ribs or bars G,
cast with and forming portion of the upper or sliding frame B, B, and is
shewn in plan at Figure 7. The faces of the ribs F and G are planed, and
afterwards covered with one or more thicknesses of emery cloth, and in like
manner with the faces of the projecting parts of the plates or frames C, C, and
D, D, which are covered with two or more thicknesses of emery cloth or paper, or
emery glued or cemented one surface over another. The object of this is, that
when one surface is worn through another will be brought to the action of
the wire, as will be hereafter described. H, H, are two screws which screw
into the frame B, B. The points or ends of these screws bear against the
projecting parts c, c, of the plate or frame C, which, as before stated, is bolted
to the bed plate A. It will therefore be seen, on referring to section Figure 4,
that if the screws H, H, be turned in one direction or the other, the frame
B, B, will be moved upon the inclined surfaces or ends of the frame A, A.
m, m, is the wire, supposed to be passing through the emery or polishing tool.
3F is a screw which passes through a lug or projection cast on the bed plate
A, A, and bears against the edge of the moveable plate D, which reposes
freely upon the bed plate A. The action of the tool is as followes:—
Suppose the emery tool just described to be placed on the table or platform L
of the polishing machino represented in Sheet B, and m, m, the wire passing

page_text: through the emery tool from one drum to another, such wire in its passage
through the tool is pressed between thirty-four surfaces of emery paper;
namely, eighteen surfaces are acting upon the flat sides of the wire, and sixteen
surfaces acting on the edges of the wire. The pressure applied to the flat
surface of the wire is caused by the weight or gravity of the frame B, B, the
pressure on the edge of the wire being caused by the screw F, which binds
against the edge of the plate D, which can be increased or diminished at
pleasure, by screwing or unscrewing the screw F; and in like manner with tho
flat surface of the wire, by placing a weight upon the frame B, B, it will be
evident that the continual action of the wire will have the effect of destroying
the surface of the emery cloth, and will be necessary to shift or move to a
fresh place. In order to effect this, it will be only necessary to give a few
turns to the screws II, H, which will have the effect of drawing the frames
B, B, E, E, up the incline plane of the frame A, A, and thereby bring into
action a fresh or new surface of emery cloth to tho wire, both on the horizontal
and vertical surfaces, as will be clearly understood.
Note, I would here observe, with regard to the filing tools shewn in Sheet C
and Sheet E, that such tools may, if preferred, be combined or employed
together at one and the same time; I therefore do not confine myself to using
them separately, as herein-before described, neither do I confine myself to the
materials of or precise form in which the said tools are or may be constructed,
so long as the peculiar character of my Invention be retained. But what I
claim is,-
First, the mode of making the hardened steel surfaces of flattening rollers
in the form of a ring, and independent of the boss or centre, so as to facilitate
the hardening process; and also the two modes of fixing the said rings on the
axis or bosses, either by corking with copper wire or by grinding them inter-
nally to fit the bosses as described.
Secondly, with regard to the polishing machine, I claim the general arrange-
ment and combinatien of parts, together with the application of friction cones
or surfaces for putting in motion the drums D, D', alternately, and also the
mode of retarding the delivering drum by means of an endless band working
in or on grooved or flanged pullies of different dimensions, as herein-before
described.
Thirdly, I claim the general arrangement and combination of parts, shewn
and described with regard to Sheet C and D), together with the mode of
constructing filing tools with a series of files not exceeding one half inch broad
on the cutting face, and intersecting each other at angles suitable for the form
of wire required. And with regard to Sheet E, I claim the mode of arranging

page_text: the files at right angles, and rounding the wire on the edges, by causing
such wire to pass through the tool or apparatus in a twisted form, as
described.
Fourthly, I claim, with regard to Sheet F, the general arrangement and
combination of parts forming the emery or polishing tool; also the polishing
surfaces for the flat sides and edges of the wire intersecting each other alter-
nately, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles De Bergue, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
CHARLES (L.s.) DE BERGUE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of January,
in the ninth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Charles
De Bergue came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, aud
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Finalled the Twents-fourth day of January. One thousand eight hundred