s or
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 7th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 12th Oct., 1888
and in the Mordants or Fixers to be Employed therewith.
I JAMES HICKISSON trading under the style of "John Bond's Crystal Palace
Marking Ink" of 75 Southgate Road in the County of Middlesex Marking Ink
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more particularly to an improved manufacture of coloured
marking ink pencils for marking cotton linen silk and other like fabrics and also
to the mordants or fixers to be employed therewith and consists in manufacturing
marking ink pencils from what is known in commerce as Congo and Benzo-purpurine.
I reduce the Congo and Benzo-purpurine which is usually sold in a powdered state
to a plastic condition by the admixture or incorporation therewith of suitable binders
such for example as :—

page_text: Also what is commonly known as Turkey Red Oil and a small amount of Tartaric
Acid.
This mass is moulded or pressed into tablets or sticks which are to be well rubbed
into the fabric or other surface-to be marked.
One of these mordant or fixing tablets or sticks is for greater convenience of use
attached to one end of the marking ink pencil hereinbefore described. After the
marking has been effected I apply to the surface a hot iron for the purpose of
further fixing the colour.
Dated the 0th dor of Novamban 1807

page_text: Marking Ink Pencils
and in the Mordants or Fixers to be Employed therewith.
B:
I, JAMES HICKISSON, trading as John Bond's Crystal Palace Marking Ink of
75 Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Marking Ink Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
My invention relates more particularly to an improved manufacture of coloured
marking ink pencils, for marking cotton, linen, silk, and other like fabrics, and also to
the mordants or fixers to be employed therewith, and consists in manufacturing
marking ink pencils from what are known as Congo
In carrying out my Invention I reduce the Congo, or the Benzo purpurine, which.
5 are usually sold in a powdered state, to a plastic condition by the admixture or
incorporation therewith of suitable binders, such for example as
Albumen or white of egg
Borax
I i
Kaolin or china clay
Gum tragacanth
-
1 part.
"
"
1
""
3 parts of the colour-being incorporated therewith, but I wish it to be understood that
I do not bind myself to these proportions as they may be varied to suit circumstances.
I then mould or press the plastic substance or compound thus obtained into the form
of sticks, to be inlaid in wood, or to be used with what are known as ever-pointed
pencils in propelling cases.
In order to fix the writing or marking produced by these pencils, I use certain.
mordants, either in a solid form to be rubbed over the surface of the fabric to be
marked, after such surface has been damped, or in the form of an aqueous solution with
which the fabric is moistened.

page_text: water, or other liquid, being employed to bring the same into the aqueous solution.
I can however dispense with the use of common salt, but it will be found advan-
tageous in preventing running or "bleeding.'
"
As examples mordants suitable for use with either Congo or Benzo purpurine the
following may be noted.
Aluminate of Soda
Phosphate of Soda
Aluminate of Soda
Tannic acid
Chloride of Tin
Carbonate of Soda
Alum
or
0
or
-
5 to 10 parts
-
5 to 10 parts,
-
5 to 10 parts
-
5 to 10 parts
-
-
5 to 10 parts
5 to 10 parts.
5 to 10 parts.
When required in the form of tablets, I take any two or more of the above-men-
tioned substances, in a powdered condition, and reduce them to a plastic state by
incorporation therewith of the following substances, and in the proportions about to be
specified, although I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the use of
such proportions, as they may be varied to suit circumstances.
-
Albumen or white of egg
Gum tragacanth
Kaolin, or china clay
White wax
Dried powdered borax
1 part
"
->
-
1
1
"
67
-
-
16"
1 to 2 parts.
Also, if desired, I add part of what is commonly known as Turkey-red oil, together
with a small amount of tartaric acid.
This mass is then moulded or pressed into tablets which must be well rubbed into
the fabric, or other surface to be marked or written upon.
Any of these mordants or fixing tablets (or sticks) is, for greater convenience of use
attached to one end of the marking ink pencil, composed as herein before described, or
into one end of the case carrying such marking pencil or point.

page_text: On damping the fabric, then rubbing the same with the mordant, and finally writing
or marking upon such prepared surface, the writing or marking will at first appear
dull and brownish, but after heating and washing out in soap lather, the natural red
colour of the ink will be developed.
After the marking has been effected, I apply to the surface a hot iron for the
purpose of further fixing the colour.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention,
and in what manner the same may be performed, I claim:
1. The employment of Congo red, and of Benzo purpurine, for the manufacture of
coloured marking ink pencils, as specified.
2. A marking ink pencil in which the colouring ingredient consists of Congo red,
or of Benzo purpurine, reduced to a plastic condition by incorporation with a suitable
binder, as set forth, and then moulded to form sticks or points, substantially as
described.
3. The manufacture of mordants or fixers from a combination of any two or more
of the ingredients herein before specified, to which a suitable binder is added to bring
said mordants into a solid form, for use with a marking ink pencil in which the
colouring ingredient is Congo red, or benzo purpurine, substantially as described.
4. The manufacture of mordants or fixers from a combination of any two or more
of the ingredients herein before specified to which a suitable liquid is added to bring
said mordants into the form of an aqueous solution, for use with a marking-ink pencil in
which the colouring ingredient is Congo red, or benzo purpurine, substantially as
described.
Dated this 7th day of September 1888.
ERNEST DE PASS, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
68, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the Applicant.