IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, EDWARD PEARSON of 751 Old Kent Road in the County of Surrey Carpenter
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER
CLOSETS to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to construct Water Closets in an improved
manner with a very small number of separate parts: all parts of the closet being
readily accessible for cleansing, renewal or repair, and, by the use of highly glazed
non-corrosive material the disadvantages arising from the use of metal are
avoided.
I construct the pan, valve boxes and pedestal all in one casting or formation
and of highly glazed earthenware,
At the side of the lower valve box I bolt an iron plate which carries the fulcrum
of a lever. This lever passes through the plate and the side of the valve box, and
supports & valve formed of glazed earthenware and india rubber or other elastic
material, and which valve opens downwards and forms a watertight bottom to the
pan. The outer end of this lever is depressed by a suitable weight which can be
raised by means of a handle and rod attached thereto. Near the fulcrum of this
lever, outside the lower valve box, a connecting rod is attached which opens the
flushing valve when the handle is raised, and closes it again when the handle is
lowered. A boss is formed on the lever, at the fulcrum, which is ground into its
bearing to an air tight fit, to prevent the escape of water or foul air into the room.
A junction pipe is attached to the lower valve box and a corresponding junction
pipe is formed opening into the basin at a sufficient height to enable the water to
accumulate in the basin and form a "water seal" or body of water resting at the
bottom of the basin.
The upper and lower junction pipes are united by a short piece of lead pipe, or
by a trap, and the use of these united pipes is to let off the surplus water from the
basin, which rises above the level of the water seal.
The upper valve box is fitted with a non-corrosive valve, which admits the
Bushing water through the valve to the basin, and which, as before mentioned,
only remains open so long as the handle is held up.
The valve at the bottom of the basin forms an effectual air and water valve; and,
in some cases, a trap is also placed below the pedestal; in other cases provision is
made for ventilating the lower valve box by means of a ventilating pipe which
carries away the foul air.
In some cases the upper end of the junction pipe is united to a pipe leading
outside the house, in which cases the lower end of the junction pipe, leading below
the valve, may be stopped or altogether dispensed with,

page_text: WALT DELE
I, EDWARD PEARSON, of 751 Old Kent Road in the County of Surrey, Carpenter
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATER CLOSETS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to construct water closets in an improved manner,
with a very small number of separate details; all parts of the closet being readily
accessible for cleansing, renewal or repair. Further, by the application of highly
glazed, non-corrosive material to the construction of all the main parts, the
disadvantages arising from the use of metal are avoided.
I form the pan, the valve box, the pedestal, the branches for the overflow pipe
and the seating for the main valve all in one sole moulded piece, of highly glazed
earthenware. At the side of the valve box which is thus in one piece with the
basin I bolt or otherwise fasten a plate, preferably of cast iron, which plate carries
the fulcrum of a lever. This main lever passes through the said plate and the
side of the valve box, and is so adjusted as to hold up a valve formed of glazed
earthenware and india rubber or other elastic material.
This valve opens downwards and constitutes a water-tight bottom to the pan.
The outer end of the lever is depressed by a suitable weight which can be raised
by means of a handle and rod attached thereto. At a position intermediate
between the fulcrum of this lever and its connection with the rod, a connecting
link is attached which opens the flushing valve when the handle and, rod are
raised, closing it again when the said handle is lowered. A boss is formed on the
lever at the fulcrum, which is ground into its bearing to an air-tight fit in the cast
iron plate in order to prevent any escape of water or foul air into the room.
A branch pipo for the overflow pipe is moulded to the lower valve box, and a
corresponding branch pipe is formed opening into the basin at a sufficient height
to enable the water to accumulate therein and form a water seat or body of water
resting at the bottom of the basin. The upper and lower branch pipes are united
by a short piece of lead pipe, or also by a trap. The use of these united pipes is to let
off any surplus water from the basin, which may rise above the level of the water
seat,
The upper valve box, is fitted with a valve of the ordinary mushroom or other
form. It admits the flushing water through the valve to the basin. As before
imentioned this flushing valve only remains open so long as the handle is held up;
closing with the fall of the weight. Any suitable water waste preventer may be
connected thereto,
The valve at the bottom of the basin forms an effectual air-tight junction against
the air and water. From the seating or rim on which it rests being of earthenware
in one piece with the basin and the other main parts, the joint is not liable to be
affected by corrosion as when it is of metal.
In some cases a trap may also be placed below the pedestal. In other instances,
provision is made for ventilating the lower valve box by means of a pipe for
carrying away the foul air. In other adaptations, the upper branch of the overflow
pipe may be jointed to a pipe led outside the house, in which case the lower

page_text: branch of the junction pipe, leading below the valve may be stopped off or
altogether dispensed with, or may be used as a ventilator, or otherwise.
In the two sheets of drawings hereunto annexed, Fig. 2 on sheet I is a plan of
the whole apparatus; and Fig. 1 a longitudinal section on the line A B of the plan.
On sheet II Fig. 3 shews a section on line OD of the same plan Fig. 2; and Fig. 4
is a front elevation of the entire apparatus.
On all the figures, A. indicates the pan, B the valve box, and C the pedestal,
and as the seating of the main valve, being all four moulded in one piece of highly
glazed earthenware. At the side of the valve box B is bolted, the iron plate a,
carrying the fulcrum f of the lever b which passes through its side. This lever
presses the main valve v (Figs. 1 and 2) against the seating a, a, thus intermittently
closing the pan. The other end of this lever is kept down by the weight c on tho
rodd attached to the handle e for working the apparatus. Between the main
fulcrum of the lever and its attachment to the weight c, a connecting link g
conveys its upward movement to the flushing valve h (Figs. 2 and 3) thereby
opening it, and again closing said valve when the handle is lowered. At the
fulcrum fis the boss ground into its bearing in the cast iron plate so as to form a
joint preventing the escape of water or of foul air. The branches of the overflow
pipe are indicated by jj in Firs, 1 and 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the naturo of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Constructing a water-closet having its basin, its valve box, its pedestal, its
attachments for the overflow, and the seating for its main valve, all of a single
piece of earthenware or porcelain, substantially as described and illustrated in the
drawings.