IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIME BRICKS CEMENT AND EARTHENWARE AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Kemp of Miller's Dale in the County of Derby,
Manager of Lime Works, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR
BURNING LIME BRICKS CEMENT AND EARTHENWARE AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Kemp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1883.
WILLIAM KEMP of Millers Dale in the County of Derby Manager of Lime
Works "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIME, BRICKS, CEMENT AND
EARTHENWARE AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
My invention consists in a novel construction of kiln for burning limo bricks
cement and earthenware and for other like purposes wheroby economy of fuel and
great uniformity of action of the kiln are obtained.
In carrying out my invention I construct a series of chambors of brickwork or
other suitable material which chambers receive the lime bricks or other material
to be burned, each of such chambors being provided with one or more openings
through which the materials to be burned may be placed within the said chamber.
At one end of each of the chambers above named I form a furnace for containing
coal or other fuel and the walls of such furnace I provide with openings or
perforations through which the products of combustion pass into a combustion
chamber to which I adınit air; the supply thereof being regulated by means of
a damper or dampers or other suitable means. The top of the furnace above
named is provided with openings through which fuel may be supplied to the said
furnace. I conduct the products of combustion from the above nained combustion
chamber to the lower part of one end of the previously mentioned chamber
containing the lime bricks or other material to be burned, by an opening or flue.
In the other end of the said chamber containing the limo bricks or other material
to be burned 1 form an opening or flue leading to an opening or passago
communicating with a furnace constructed similarly to that above described and
supplying heat to another chamber similar to that above described.
The furnaces, combustion chambers, and chambers for containing the lime bricks
or other material to be burned I repeat as often as may be convenient and prefer

page_text: -
to arrange them in series so that the flue or opening from the last chamber may
communicate with the furnace of the first. The flue from the last of the chambers
of the series above described I connect to a chimney to which chimney also
proceeds a flue from the other chambers above referred to. Each of the flues
or openings above referred to is controlled by means of a suitable damper or
dampers or other suitable means.
The limestone, brick or other material to be burned is placed for instance within
two of the above named chambers adjacent to each other and the furnaces are
charged with fuel and the fuel contained in the first ignited. The gaseous products
from the fuel are carried by the draft of the chimney above mentioned into the
combustion chamber above named and meeting with a supply of air are burned
and become heated and in their passage through the chamber above named burn
the lime brick or other material contained therein.
The heated gases from the above named chamber after passing through the lime
bricks cement or earthenware or other material contained in such chamber pass
through the fuel contained in the next furnace of the series and ignite such fuel
and along with the gaseous products from such fuel pass into the combustion
chamber supplied with air as above described and becoming ignited pass into the
next chamber to burn the lime bricks or other material contained theroin. After
.the contents of the first named chamber have been burned to the desired oxtent
no more fuel is added to the fire which is allowed to die out, or the fuel may be
withdrawn from the furnace by suitable openings closed by.doors or other suitable
means. Air may then-be-allowed-to-pass-into-the-chamber.to.cool_the_contents.
thereof which when cooled to the desired amount may be withdrawn, after which
the chamber inay bo again filled with. fresh material to be burned and the furnace
charged with fuel and the operation of burning the contents of the chamber again
performed as previously described.
The air above referred to after passing through the material in the chamber for
the purpose of cooling the contents of the said chamber may be passed-into-the-
furnaco of the next chamber.
By the above described construction of furnace and chamber I am enabled to
obtain a more perfect and economical combustion of fuel than has heretofore been
accomplished, and in the case of burning lime I am enabled to utilize some of the
carbonic acid expelled from the lime for combining with the carbon of the fuel so
as to form carbonic oxide which is again burned.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Willian Kemp in the Patent Office on the 13th February 1884.
WILLIAM KEMP of Miller's Dale in the County of Derby Manager of Limo
Works IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIME BRICKS CEMENT AND
EARTHENWARE [AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES]
My invention consists in a novel construction of kiln for burning lime bricks
cement and earthenware and for other like purposos whereby economy of fuel and
great uniformity of action of the kiln are obtained
In carrying out my invention I construct a series of chambers of brickwork or
other suitable material which chambers receive the lime bricks or other material
to be burned each of such chambers being provided with one or more openings
through which the materials to be burned may be placed within the said chamber
At one end of each of the chambers above named I form a furnace for containing
coal or other fuel and the walls of such furnace I provide with openings or
perforations through which the products of combustion pass into a combustion
chamber to which I admit air the supply thereof being regulated by moans of a
damper or dampers or othor suitable means. The top of the furnace above named
is provided with openings through which fuel may be supplied to the said furnace.
I conduct the products of combustion from the above nained combustion chambor
to the lower part of one end of the previously mentioned chamber containing the
lime bricks or other material to be burned by an opening or flue-In the other ond
of the said chamber containing the limo bricks or other material to be burned I
form an opening or flue learling to an opening or passage communicating with a
furnace constructed similarly to that above described and supplying heat to
another chamber similar to that above described-The furnaces combustion
chambers and chambers for containing the line bricks or other material to be
burned I repeat as often as may be convenient and prefer to arrange them in series
so that the flue or opening from the last chamber may communicate with the
furnace of the first The flue from the last of the chambers of the series above
described I connect to a chimney to which chimney also proceeds a flue from the
other chambors above referred to Each of the flues or openings above referred to
is controlled by means of a suitable damper or dampers or other suitable means
The limestone brick or other material to be burned is placed for instance within
two of the above named chambers adjacent to each other and the furnaces are
charged with fuel and the fuel contained in the first ignited. The gaseous
products from the fuel are carried by the draft of the chimney above mentioned
into the combustion chamber above named and meeting with a supply of air are
burned and become heated and in their passage through the chamber abovo named
burn the lime brick or other material contained therein The heated gases from
the above named chamber after passing through the lime bricks cement or
earthenware or other material contained in such chamber pass through the fuel
contained in the next furnace of the series and ignite such fuel and along with the
gascous products from such fuel pass into the combustion chamber supplied with
air as above described and becoming ignited pass into the next chamber to burn
the lime bricks or other material contained therein-After the contents of the first
named chamber have been burned to the desired extent no more fuel is added to
the fire which is allowed to die out or the fuel may be withdrawn from the furnace
by suitable openings closed by doors or other suitable means Air may then bo

page_text: allowed to pass into the chamber to cool the contents thereof which when cooled to
the desired amount may be withdrawn after which the chamber may be again
filled with fresh material to be burned and the furnace charged with fuel and the
operation of burning the contents of the chamber again performed as previously
described The air above referred to after passing through the material in the
chamber for the purpose of cooling the contents of the said chamber may be passed
into the furnace of the next chamber-By the above described construction of
furnace and chamber I am enabled to obtain a more perfect and economical
combustion of fuel than has heretofore been accomplished and in the case of
burning lime I am enabled to utilize some of the carbonic acid expelled from the
lime for combining with the carbon of the fuel so as to form carbonic oxide which
is again burned
In order that my invention may be more thoroughly understood and more
readily carried into effect I will now proceed to describe the same reference being
made to the accompanying drawing in which Fig 1 is a side elovation, Fig: a plan
of Fig: 1 in section taken on the line A. B of Fig: 1. Fig 3 a vertical cross
section taken on the line C. D of Fig: 2 and Fig 4 is a longitudinal section of a
portion of Fig 2 taken on the line EF of such Fig: 2 similar letters of reference
being applied to corresponding parts throughout the whole series of Figures.
At a, a, a, a, a' as are the chambers constructed of any suitable material which
receive the lime bricks cement earthenware or other material to be burned the top
of each of such chambers being preferably formed arch shaped or calcined each
of such chambers being provided with openings b. b×· b¹·b×¹·b³·b×³ b³ b×³·b+ b×4 b³ bxb
through which the lime bricks cement earthenware- or other material to be burned
may be placed within the chambers a. a' a² as a' as aforesaid such chambers
a aa aa as being also provided with openings or sight holes b** As the chambers
a¹ a² a³ a¹ a³ are similar in construction to the chamber a I shall only describe such
chamber. a and to the corresponding parts of the remaining chambers I shall affix
the same letters of referenco with the addition of a distinguishing letter thus-
a. a² a³. At one end of the chamber a I form a furnace c for containing coal or
other fuel such furnace c being provided at the top with openings d through which
coal or other fuel may be supplied to the said furnace c Within the lower part of
the furnace c I build walls e extending from side to side of such furnace e tho
walls being formed with perforations or openings for supplying air to the fuel
supported upon the upper surfaces of such walls e such air being admitted
underneath the walls e as will be hereinafter described Through the walls ƒ of
the furnace c I form openings or perforations g through which the products of
combustion pass from the furnace c into a combustion chamber -The upper
portion of the wall j forming one side of the combustion chamber h I form with
openings which communicate with a flue or passage extending lengthwise
of the kiln by means of which flue or passage air is supplied to the combustion
chambers h. h h h³ hª, h³ such air being supplied to the flue or passage in a
manner to be hereinafter described
At m is a short flue closed when requisite by a damper n or other suitable
means The short flue m is connected by a cross flue o with a flue p extending
lengthwise of the kiln the fluo p being in communication with a chimney q-In
place of or in conjunction with the chimney q a fan or other similar apparatus may
be employed as will be readily understood for the purpose of or for assisting in
drawing the products of combustion through the chambers a, a'. a². a³, a'. a'—The
cross flues o. o'.o² 0³. o*. o³ are respectively provided with dampers r. r. ² os pod
or other suitable means whereby they may be closed so that any of the chambers
a. a¹. a². a³. a*. a³ may be placed in communication with the chimney q-The cross
flue o is shown in the drawing as being closed by the damper r the damper' being
withdrawn from the cross flue o¹ which is thereby placed in communication with
the chimney q.
For convenience of description I will assume that the chambers a. a¹ have been

page_text: filled through the openings b bx b¹ 6x1 with the lime, bricks cement earthenware or
other material to be burned such lime bricks cement earthenware or other material
being placed within the chambers a. a¹ so as to admit of the products of combustion
from the furnaces c. c¹ circulating through or amongst such lime bricks cement
earthenware or other material and the openings b. b* 61. 6x1 being closed in any
convenient manner-After the openings b bx b₁. bx1 have been closed I charge the
furnace c with fuel through the openings d and then ignite the fuel in the furnace c
after which I close the openings & in any convenient manner-The air required for
the combustion of the fuel contained in the furnace c being drawn from any of the
chambers which are not in use. The products of combustion from the furnace o
pass by the openings g into the combustion chamber h where they are met by the
air passing from the openings k―The products of combustion then pass downward
as indicated by the arrows and pass into the chamber a by means of the opening a
and circulate through the mass of lime bricks cement earthenware or other
material to be burned-The said products of combustion then pass from the
chamber a through the opening or fluo m the cross flue o being closed by means of
the damper From the Blue m the products of combustion pass through the
furnace c which is supplied with fuel as soon as the said products of combustion
are sufficiently heated to ignite such fuel-The products of combustion aforesaid
igniting the fuel which was placed in the furnace c¹ as above described mix with
the products of combustion from such fuel. The products of combustion from the
fuel contained in the furnace c¹ pass by the openings g' into the combustion
chamber and there meet with a supply of air from the openings k² such air
being supplied to the openings k¹ by the flue or passage 7 From the combustion
chamber the products of combustion pass downward as indicated by the arrows
and through the opening s' into the chamber a¹ and after passing through the mass
of lime bricks cement earthenware or other material to be burned contained within
the chamber a escape by the opening m¹ formed through the end of the chamber
a' and through the flues o¹ to the chimney q.-As the fuel in the furnaces a. a¹ is
consumed fresh fuel is supplied to such furnaces a. a' by means of the openings
d. d' respectively, such openings d. d¹ being opened before and closed after each
supply of fuel is inserted into the furnaces a. af aforesaid. The ashes from the fuel
consumed in the furnaces a. a¹ are removed from time to time by means of
openings t. t respectively closed when not in use in any convenient manner.-I
will now suppose that the material contained within the chamber a has been
burned to the desired extent in which case no more fuel is supplied to the furnace
c and the fire may be allowed to die out or the remaining fuel may be withdrawn
through the openings t. During the burning of the lime bricks cement earthenware
or other material contained in the chamber a the chamber a² will have been filled
with lime bricks cement earthenware or other material to be burned and the
furnace is charged with fuel when the products of combustion issuing from the
chamber a¹ are sufficiently heated to ignite such fuel the openings b². b*³ d² being
closed in any convenient manner-Air is now admitted to the mass of lime bricks
cement earthenware or other material contained in the chamber a which lime
bricks cement earthenware or other material has been burned to the desired extent
such air being admitted by means of the opening b so as to pass through and cool
the said mass of lime bricks cement earthenware or other material after which the
said air passes through the opening m in the end of the chamber a and so to the
fuel contained within the furnace c¹ After the material contained in the chamber a
has been cooled to the desired extent it is removed by means of the openings
b. bx-The above described process is continued through the remaining chambers
of the kiln, one chamber being emptied while the contents of one or moro are in
process of being burned while another chamber and its furnace are being charged
with lime bricks cement earthenware or other material to be burned and fuel
respectively; until the chamber first described as being put in action is reached
when the process above described is again repeated

page_text: The kiln shown in the drawing is shown as consisting of six chambers a. a¹. a².
a². a' a². for containing the lime bricks cement earthenware or other material to
be burned each of such chambers a. a¹ a². a³ a' as being provided with a furnace
and combustion chamber as previously described, the chamber a communicating
with the furnaco c" of the chamber a by means of a flue u and the chamber a³
communicating with the furnace c of the chamber a by means of a flue v but it
will be readily understood that a greater or less number of chambers and furnaces
may be employed if desired and such chambers with their furnaces may be placed
in a line or arranged in a circular or other forin as may be found most convenient
The damper n of the short flue m of the last of the series of chambers a in uso
is closed and the damper r of the cross flue o leading from such chamber a aforesaid
is opened so that such chamber a is placed in communication with the chimney q-
Communicating with the passage I form other passages w leading to the
chamber a and combustion chamber h respectively and such passages w. x I close
when requisite by dampers y. respectively or other suitable means when
desired
Sometimes one or more of the furnaces o combustion chambers h or chambers a
becomes unfit for use and I will assume that such is the case with the furnace c¹
or chamber a¹ and that lime, bricks cement earthenware or other material is being
burned in the chamber a-The chamber a³ would be filled with material to be
burned and the furnace c² supplied with fuel which would be ignited and tho
openings b b d closed, the damper of the passage a leading from the passage
being opened so that air is admitted from such passage to the combustion
chamber h-The damper would be closed and the damper n' would be opened
so as to admit air from the openings 616x1 to the furnace The products of
combustion from such furnace will after passing through and amongst the material
to be burned contained in the chamber a will pass through the passage m³ and so
to the furnace of the chamber a³ or if such chamber a be not in use the said
products of combustion will be directed to the chimney q-The damper n in the
passage m is closed and the damper in the cross flue o opened so that the products
of combustion after passing through and amongst the material contained in the
chamber a may pass to the chimney q. After the material contained in the chamber a
has been burned to the desired extent no moro fuel is supplied to the furnace c and
the fire in such furnace c is allowed to die out or the ignited fuel is removed from
such furnace through the openings t. The damper is then closed and the damper y
opened. Air is then admitted to the chamber a by the opening b and after passing
through and amongst the material contained within the chamber a to cool the same
the air aforesaid passing from the chamber a will pass along the passage / and into
the combustion chamber h³
By means of the dampers × ×¹ (×³ 2 2¹ 2³ 2³ ³ z³ Y. Y¹ y². Y³. Y'. y. air may be
allowed to pass into and from the passage for the supply of air to any of the
combustion chambers h h¹. h³ ³ h. h either directly from the outside air or from
any chamber the contents of which it is desired to cool. In the arrangement of
kiln shown by the drawing I form a passage 1 between the chambers a. a¹ a² and
the chambers a. a a³ the passages or flues u. v passing over the top of such
passage 1 by means of which passage 1 one side of each of the furnaces co³ c². c³. c. c³
may be attended to and the ashes removed therefrom but this passage 1 forms no
part of my invention and I therefore make no claim for the use of such passage
By the construction of kiln above described I am enabled to obtain a more
perfect and equal combustion of fuel than has heretofore been obtained and I am t
enabled to utilize some of the carbonic acid gas produced by the combustion of the
fuel and in the case of burning lime the carbonic acid gas expelled from the limo
stone, for combining with the carbon of the fuel so as to form carbonic oxide to bo
again burned the high temperature of such gas aforesaid as it leaves the chamber a
and passes into and through the fuel contained in the furnace c enabling some of
the some of the said carbonic acid gas to be utilized

page_text: Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and
the manner in which the same is to be performed I desire it to be understood that
I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters patent
The general construction and arrangement of kiln for burning lime bricks cement
and earthenware and for other like purposes constructed and operated substantially
as and in the manner herein before described and shown
In witness whereof I the said William Kemp have herounto set my hand and
seal this twelfth day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty four
SUTT TTAR
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