Improvements in Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 19th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 21st May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil Motor Engines.
We, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY and HENRY PERCY HOLT, both of Open-
shaw, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to engines in which oil is vaporised by the heat of a lamp,
and the oil vapour mixed with air also heated, passes into the working cylinder
where it mixes with a farther supply of air and is ignited. The oil is measured
and forced to the vaporiser by a pump with an adjustable stroke worked by a cam
but the delivery is regulated by a cylindrical slide valve subject to the action of
an inertia or other governor by which either full supply or none is delivered. The
cylindrical slide valve which is controlled by the governor is also used as a pump
for supplying oil to the lamp. The cam which moves the inertia governor is so
formed that during one part of its revolution it moves the slide valve above
mentioned to allow delivery of oil to the vaporiser, and during a later part of its
revolution, it moves the valve by which the mixture of oil vapour and air is admitted
to the cylinder, the oil pump valve being then closed.
The inertia or other governor acts in the usual way either hitting the rod or
lever connected to the valves worked by it, or missing when the speed is too
great. We connect the part where the hit or miss takes place to the lever which
shifts the exhaust cam or the roller worked by it when the engine is stopped or
started, so that the admission of oil to the lamp and to the vaporiser, and of
charge to the cylinder can be entirely and simultaneously cut off, so stopping the
engine, without requiring any stop cock or valve, and leaving the exhaust valve
gear and ignition valve in suitable condition for starting again; or the same effect
may be produced by moving the pump valve lever so as to miss opening the pump
valve, the exhaust and igniter valves being similarly connected.
We supply the lamp with a jet of air slightly compressed by a piston working
in a cylindrical bore of a casting having plates through numerous holes of which
the air is drawn in a zigzag course to supply the cylinder without noise of the
suction.
This piston during the working of the engine is moved by the lever of the
exhaust cam, but before starting the engine it can be independently moved through
a greater stroke by a treadle to heat up the vaporiser and ignition tube. The
lamp is arranged on a swivel so that it can be moved aside from under the
vaporiser and igniting tube to be cleaned or kindled, and through the joint of
the swivel the air passes to the jet of the lamp and the oil to its basin, so that
there is no breaking of connections when the lamp is moved. Besides the supply of
oil pumped to the vaporiser, in some cases we provide a constant regulated partial
supply, so that when the governor has cut off for one or more revolutions the supply
of oil from the pump there is a larger charge of oil vapour from the vaporiser to
the cylinder than when the charges are more frequently given.
Dated this 17th day of June 1891.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Oil Motor Engines.
We, FRANCIS WILLIAM CROSSLEY and HENRY PERCY HOLT, both of Open-
shaw, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to engines in which oil is vaporised by the heat of a lamp,
and the oil vapour mixed with air also heated, passes into the working cylinder
where it mixes with a farther supply of air and is ignited. The chief objects of
our invention are to effect the due measurement and to vary the supply of the oil,
regulating it by means of an inertia governor, and also to provide for the supply
of air and oil to the lamp, as we shall describe referring to the accompanying
drawings.
Fig. 1 is an end view and Fig. 2 is a plan of the apparatus according to our
invention arranged at the rear end of the working cylinder.
Fig. 3 is an end view and Fig. 4 is a side view of the oil pump and governing
apparatus.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are vertical sections of the pump.
Fig. 8 is a plan of the air pump, air silencer and reservoir and lamp.
Figs. 9 and 10 are vertical sections on lines X X and Y Y of Fig. 8
respectively.
Fig. 9 is an end view of the air pump.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section of the vaporiser and chimney.
Fig. 12 is a sectional plan on Z Z and
Fig. 13 is a sectional plan on W W.
A is the lamp which, as shewn in Fig. 9, is supplied with oil dropped into the
passage A, and is supplied with air from the pump A2 which delivers into a
reservoir A provided with a safety valve and flexible diaphragm.
The air from the reservoir A³ flows up to a central jet A4 which acts as an
injector drawing additional air through openings A to burn the oil vapour rising
from the basin of the lamp. For starting the lamp into action a quantity of oil, or
preferably spirit, is first ignited in the tray A below the lamp. The pump shewn
in Fig. 10 has its piston worked in the one direction by the exhaust valve lever V
(Fig. 1) and in the opposite direction by a spring V1. In order to heat the
vaporiser before starting the engine, the pump is worked for a time by a treadle W.
The pump draws in air by a pair of suction valves A' and delivers by a pair of
discharge valves As into the reservoir A³ as above described. The tubular arm A°
which carries the lamp is pivotted at A so that it can be turned on the pivot
directly under the vaporiser, or can be turned aside as shewn in Fig. 8 for trimining
or cleaning, without disconnecting it from the oil and air supply.
In the same casing with the pump A2 is an arrangement for silencing the suction
of air to supply the engine cylinder.
This consists of a chamber divided by crescent shaped partitions A" which have
perforations alternately at each end so that the air on its way to the cylinder has
to take a zigzag course.
Referring to Fig. 3 G is the countershaft which for working on the Otto cycle
revolves at half the speed of the crank shaft. On this countershaft is fixed a
cam F which once in each revolution by a lever F¹ raises the plunger E' of the
oil pump E, the plunger being depressed by a spring E2 as far as permitted by an
adjustable stop E³. On the shaft G is fixed another cam J which acts on a lever J'.
On the end of this lever is pivotted a bell crank lever one arm carrying a weight I,
and the other arm terminating in a blade K.

page_text: A spring K adjustable by a nut presses the arm of the bell crank down on a
stop forming part of the lever .J'.
In front of the blade K is a slide L presenting a grooved edge towards K and
engaging in a slot a lever on a rocking shaft P another arm E³ of which bears
on the stem E of a slide valve E which determines the suction and discharge
of the oil pump E.
The stem E is urged upwards by a spring and remains up except when the
blade K moves the slide L.
While the stem E remains up, the slide valve E³ is in the position shewn in
Figure 5 giving passage for suction to the oil pump E. but when the valve E'
is depressed, it gives passage for the oil discharged from the pump to a
channel E leading to the vaporiser. Above the slide valve E there is an
annular space which as the slide valve moves up and down operates as a pump
drawing oil by the suction valve E' from the tank in which the pump E is immersed
and forcing it by the discharge valve Es up to a small tank E from which the
lamp A is supplied, by a cock or valve regulating the delivery, the overflow
returning to the tank in which the pump E is immersed. It will be seen that
while the engine works at moderate speed the weight I subject to the spring K'
will move with the lever and the blade K will hit the end of L, determining
the discharge of oil from the pump E to the vaporiser. When however the speed
of the engine exceeds that to which the spring K¹ is adjusted, the inertia of the
weight. I will cause it to lag behind the lever J, and consequently the blade K
will miss the end of the slide L and there will be no delivery of oil from the
pump E to the vaporiser. The vaporiser D is a casting with four passages
through it, heated by the lamp A above which it is fixed. Through the lower
part of the vaporiser passes the ignition tube D' which is heated by the lamp A.
The hot products of combustion pass through channels D' up to the chimney C
which is surrounded by an annular casing with baffles so arranged that air entering
by ports C' has to descend in a zigzag course becoming heated and finally enters
the vaporiser at C2 where the oil conduit E from the pump E enters it,.delivering
the oil as a spray. The mixture of oil vapour and heated air pass by a valve D
into the working cylinder B. The valve D² is operated in the following manner.
The slide Lis linked by a connecting rod to a bell crank L² which has an
arm La so placed that when the slide L makes its movement for operating the
slide valve of the oil pump E as above described, this arm does not meet the
stem D3 of the valve D². But the cam J is made with a step which gives
farther movement to the slide L and thus causes the arm L³ to bear against the
stem D³ and open the valve D2 admitting mixed air and oil vapour into the
cylinder B. Besides the air and oil vapour thus admitted, additional air is drawn into
the cylinder by the valve U. In order to cut off the supply of oil when the
engine is about to be stopped and to put things in condition for starting again, we
connect to the lever Q which is employed for shifting the exhaust valve cam, a
rod R which engages in a gab the boss of the lever J¹ so that on moving the
lever to the position for stopping the engine, the lever J with the inertia
governor is moved aside so that the blade K fails to strike the slide L. The same
movement of the rod R moves also the roller on the ignition valve lever to the
cam arranged for the fresh starting of the engine. Instead of thus moving the
lever J, the rocking shaft P may be connected to the lever Q so that it could
be slid lengthwise by the movement of Q thus withdrawing the lever E³ from the
valve stem E*.
a
Although in what precedes we have described the supply of oil to the vaporiser
as being effected exclusively by the oil pump under control of the governor, there
may be a constant partial supply to the vaporiser from a reservoir regulated by a
cock or valve in the same manner as the supply to the lamp. Thus if the governor
should for several revolutions cut off supply from the pump, there would still be a
supply of oil vapour ready for charging the cylinder.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
1. In an oil motor engine regulating the supply of oil for operating in the
cylinder by means of an inertia governor controlling the delivery of the oil pump,
substantially as described.
2. The combination of the oil pump and vapour valve with an inertia governor
substantially as described.
3. In combination with the slide valve of the pump for supplying the cylinder
with oil, an annular pump for supplying the lamp with oil, substantially as
described.
4. Mounting the lamp on a tubular pivot so that it can be swung round without
disconnecting it from the oil and air supplies, substantially as described.
5. Connecting the governor or pump lever to the lever for shifting the exhaust
valve cam so as to cut off supply of oil when the engine is stopped, substantially as
described.
6. In combination with air pump for supplying the lamp, the treadle for operating
at starting, substantially as described.
7. In an oil motor engine, the combination of oil pump, air pump, lamp and
vaporiser arranged and operating substantially as described.
Dated this 16th day of April 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.