Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Hangings.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 6th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 17th Feb., 1888
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Hangings.
We NORVAL WATSON HELME RICHARD STOCKDALE and ROBERT NEWTON HELME
all of Halton Mills Lancaster in the County of Lancaster Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The objects of this invention are to give greater strength durability and body to the
paper than hitherto obtainable to enable it to resist damp,. and to bear washing when
unvarnished; and also to enable it to receive and support a varnish without first
applying a coat of size as usually practised, which we propose to effect by applying to
the surface of the paper a composition or medium. hereinafter specified, and then
either embossing the same or printing thereon by any known method by pigments or
other suitable substances mixed in oil, varnish or other suitable medium, or in gold
size or the like.
The composition which we employ for this purpose is made by mixing, to a proper
consistency for spreading, the following ingredients: namely,
(1) boiled oil, (2) china clay, whiting chalk or other suitable earthy matters
together with lead or other paints or pigments (3) Farinaceous matters such as starch,
and glue or other similar animal matters (4) alkalies and turpentine, petroleum or
other suitable vegetable or mineral spirits.
These ingredients may be used in varying proportions or quantities to suit different
qualities of paper and to meet the various circumstances under which the paper
hanging may be required to be used, but for ordinary purposes we have found the
following proportions to give satisfactory results.
The various coats of the composition may be applied by means of an ordinary
coating or spreading machine. provided with a roller and knife or doctor, or by any
other similar machine, or by hand if preferred, and the surface should be well dried
between each coating.
For the first coat. (say) about one pound of boiled oil, one quarter of a pound of
starch or other farinaceous matter or glue or similar animal matter one to two pounds

page_text: of clay, whiting or other suitable earthy matter, and two ounces of soda or other
suitable alkali, adding water or turpentine petroleum, or other vegetable or mineral
spirit to bring it to the required consistency.
The following coats may be of a similar nature either with or without the farinaceous
and animal matters, increasing the proportion of boiled oil, and adding any suitable
coloring matter to give the tint required:
This composition when dry will resist damp and is perfectly washable, and may be
ornamented in any of the ways above mentioned, and may if required be varnished
without the necessity of previously sizing or other preparation.
Dated this with
A
1007
GEORGE DAVIES,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Paper Hangings.
We NORVAL WATSON HELME RICHARD STOCKDALE and ROBERT NEWTON HELME
all of Halton Mills Lancaster in the County of Lancaster Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The objects of this invention are to give greater strength durability and body to
the paper than hitherto obtainable, to enable it to resist damp and to bear washing
when unvarnished ; and also to enable it 10 receive, and support a varnish without
first applying a coat of size as usually practised which we propose to effect by
applying to the surface of the paper a composition or medium hereinafter specified,
and then either embossing the same or printing thereon by any known method by
pigments or other suitable substances mixed in oil, varnish or other suitable medium
or in gold size or the like.
The composition which we employ for this purpose is made by mixing to a proper
consistency for spreading the following ingredients namely (1) boiled oil (2) china
clay, whiting chalk or other suitable earthy matters together with lamp black and
the like, lead or other paints or pigments (3) Farinaceous or mucilaginous matters,
such as starch, Irish moss, and glue or other similar animal matters (4) Borax
Alkalies either caustic or carbonated and turpentine, petroleum or other suitable
vegetable or mineral spirits.
These ingredients may be used in varying proportions or quantities to suit different
qualities of paper and to meet the various circumstances under which the paper
hanging may be required to be used, but for ordinary purposes we have found the
following proportions to give satisfactory results.
The various coats of the composition may be applied by means of an ordinary
coating or spreading machine provided with a roller and knife or doctor, or by any
other similar machine, or by hand if preferred, and the surface should be well dried
between each coating.
For the first coat (say) about one pound of boiled oil, two ounces of starch or other
farinaceous matter or glue or similar animal matter thickened or reduced to the
required consistency by boiling or otherwise, three pounds of clay, whiting or other
suitable earthy matter, soaked in water, and one ounce of dissolved carbonate of soda
or other suitable alkali, adding a little water or turpentine, petroleum or other
vegetable or mineral spirit to bring it to the required consistency.
The following coats may be of a similar nature either with or without the farinaceous
and animal matters; if without, then lessening the amount of alkali and increasing
the proportion of boiled oil or of the clay and adding any suitable coloring matter to
give the tint required.

page_text: This composition when dry will resist damp and is perfectly washable and may be
ornamented in any of the ways above mentioned and may if required be varnished
without the necessity of previously sizing or other preparation.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:-
First. The improved composition for the preparation of paper hangings consisting
of the following ingredients (1) Boiled oil, (2) China clay, whiting, chalk or other
suitable earthy matters together with lamp black or the like, lead or other paints or
pigments, (3) Borax, alkalies and turpentine, petroleum or other suitable vegetable or
mineral spirits together with farinaceous or mucilaginous matters such as starch,
Irish moss, and glue, or other similar animal matters.
Secondly. The modification of the above composition hereinbefore described wherein
the farinaceous or mucilagenous matter is omitted, and the alkali reduced and the
proportion of boiled oil or clay increased according to the thickness or quality of
the paper used and the finish required.
Such composition being mixed and applied to the paper hanging in coats, either
together or separately substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before
particularly set forth.
Di
C T
1000
GEORGE DAVIES,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester,
Agent for the Applicants.