with a Socket at their End
Year: 1885

page_text: with a Socket at their End.
I HENRY LEWIS DOULTON of the Albert Embankment Lambeth in the County
of Surrey Potter do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING EARTHENWARE PIPES WITH A SOCKET AT
THEIR END to be as follows:-
"
The object of my invention is to form the sockets at the ends of earthenware
pipes in a better and more efficient manner than heretofore.
Heretofore the dies used for moulding earthenware pipes with a socket at their
end have in some cases been formed with the inner end of the die of a diameter
equal to the external diameter of the pipe to be moulded and with the outer portion
of the die of a form corresponding to the exterior of the socket. A short cylinder
called the "Bell" of a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the pipe has
been held concentrically within the inner. end of the die and within the outer end
of the die has been held a piece called the "socket head" corresponding in form to
the form of the interior of the socket. This has been held up to the end of the
bell by an end plate called the "pressure plate." The " 'pressure plate" has for
this purpose been formed with lugs projecting from its circumference to engage with
other lugs projecting from the end of the die. When dies of this kind have been
used the end of the annular orifice between the socket head and the outer end of
the portion of the die in which the socket is moulded has been entirely closed at
the time when the socket is being formed either by a flange projecting outwards
from the socket head or by the pressure plate itself. The operation of forming the
socket and pipe has been as follows:-
:-
The socket has first been moulded by forcing plastic clay from a cylinder into
the die so as to fill it. When the portion of the die which moulds the socket
has been thus filled the pressure plate has been removed and the clay allowed to
issue freely from the die and so mould a length of pipe as a continuation of the
socket.
Sockets moulded in the manner above described are often imperfect partly owing
to the air contained within the die being unable to escape and partly owing to the
clay when partly filling the socket end of the die obstructing the further entrance
of clay.

page_text: To remedy this I either leave the end of the annular orifice between the socket
bead and the outer end of the die entirely open so that a stream of clay may issue
freely from it when the socket end of the die has been filled with clay or I form
slots or perforations in the flange heretofore used for closing this annular orifice so
as to allow of a partial escape of clay from the end of the mould.
Preferably I form the slots in the outer circumference of the flange and through
the flange just where it meets the socket head.
By thus providing for a flow of clay from the extreme end of the die or mould
in which the socket is moulded sound sockets may be obtained with certainty.
The length of pipe extending from the socket is moulded as heretofore by
removing the pressure plate and allowing the clay to issue freely through the inner
portion of the die.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Moulding Earthenware Pipes
with a Socket at their End.
I HENRY LEWIS DOULTON of the Albert Embankment Lambeth in the County
of Surrey Potter do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to form the sockets at the ends of earthenware
pipes in a better and more efficient manner than heretofore.
Heretofore the dies used for moulding earthenware pipes with a socket at their
end have in some cases been formed with the inner end of the die of a diameter
equal to the external diameter of the pipe to be moulded and with the outer portion
of the die of a form corresponding to the exterior of the socket. A short cylinder
called the "Bell" of a diameter equal to the internal diameter of the pipe has
been held concentrically within the inner end of the die and within the outer end
of the die has been held a piece called the "socket head" corresponding in form
to the form of the interior of the socket. This has been held up to the end of the
bell by an end plate called the " 'pressure plate." The "pressure plate" has for
this purpose been formed with lugs projecting from its circumference to engage
with other lugs projecting from the end of the die. When dies of this kind have
been used the end of the annular orifice between the socket head and the outer end
of the portion of the die in which the socket is moulded has been entirely closed
at the time when the socket is being formed either by a flange projecting outwards
from the socket head or by the pressure plate itself. The operation of forming the
socket and pipe has been as follows:-
The socket has first been moulded by forcing plastic clay from a cylinder into
the die so as to fill it. When the portion of the die which moulds the socket
has been thus filled the pressure plate has been removed and the clay allowed to
issue freely from the die and so mould a length of pipe as a continuation of the
socket.
Sockets moulded in the manner above described are often imperfect partly
owing to the air contained within the die being unable to escape and partly owing
to the clay when partly filling the socket end of the die obstructing the further
entrance of clay.
To remedy this I either leave the end of the annular orifice between the socket
head and the outer end of the die entirely open so that a stream of clay may issue
freely from it when the socket end of the die has been filled with clay or I form
slots or perforations in the flange heretofore used for closing this annular orifice so
as to allow of a partial escape of clay from the end of the die.
Preferably I form the slots in the outer circumference of the flange and through
the flange just where it meets the socket head.
The flange being cast to the socket head or made loose as may be most
convenient:
By thus providing for a flow of clay from the extreme end of the die or mould
in which the socket is moulded sound sockets may be obtained with certainty.

page_text: The length of pipe extending from the socket is moulded as heretofore by
removing the pressure plate and allowing the clay to issue freely through the inner
portion of the die.
In order that my said Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1-is a vertical section of apparatus arranged in accordance with my
invention for moulding earthenware pipes with sockets.
a is the lower part of cylinder in which the clay to be forced by pressure through
the die is contained.
b is the die fixed to the cylinder at its lower end, b' is the portion thereof which
shapes the exterior of the socket and b² the portion which shapes the exterior of
the barrel of the pipe.
c is the bell, it is held in place by a bar (not shown) passing upwards within the
cylinder; the sides of the bell shape the interior of the barrel of the pipe.
d is the socket head and e is the pressure plate by which the socket head is held
in place whilst the socket is moulded.
63 is one of three lugs upon the die on which the pressure plate rests. These
parts as will be seen are so arranged that the clay has free passage out beyond the
socket end of the die all around the annular orifice at x x. In moulding the pipe
the clay is allowed to escape to some extent from this orifice. The pressure plate
is then released and the barrel of the pipe is formed, the socket head descending
within the socket. The pipe is then cut off and the superfluous clay trimmed from
the socket.
Figure 2 is a section similar to Figure 1 but with a slight modification; the
socket head is here provided with a perforated flange d¹ and clay is able to escape
through the perforations beyond the outer end of the portion of the die in which
the socket is moulded.
With either arrange-
Figure 3 is a plan of the socket head shown in Figure 2.
ment clay is allowed to escape from the end of the socket cavity of the mould and
air also finds free vent.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
My improvements in apparatus for moulding earthenware pipes with sockets
consisting in so arranging that the annular orifice between the socket head and the
outer end of the die remains open or partially open, that clay issues from it as the
socket end of the die becomes filled; by which means sound sockets are obtained
with more certainty substantially as described.
Tated this 22nd day of February 1886