Improvements in Joints or Couplings of Sanitary and Analogous Articles, Pipes and the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Joints or Couplings of Sanitary and Analogous
Articles, Pipes and the like.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM TWYFORD, Managing Director of Twyfords Limited, of
Cliffe Vale Pottery and Enamelled Fire Clay Works, Hanley, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturing Sanitary Potters, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the joints or couplings used in making the connections
or unions between certain component parts of water-closets, traps and other
sanitary appliances, also between the waste pipes and supply pipes of baths,
lavatories, and other kindred articles formed either wholly of pottery-ware or
partly of pottery and partly of metal, it being understood that the term "pottery-
ware includes all goods made in porcelain, earthenware, fire-clay and stone-
ware.
"
My invention consists--in the one part, in providing a pottery pipe end with
a gun-metal or other metallic flange constituting an annular abutment stop
against which the flange of the union employed in coupling together two pipes
or tubular parts comes; in a second part, in providing the rubber sealing washers
of pipe joints with an inside metallic confining ring for the purposes of preventing
the inward spreading of the rubber when compressed and also hooding over the
inner parts in order to isolate the same from contact with sewer gas and matter
passing down the pipes; and in a further part, in additions to joints or
connections.
In carrying out the first part of my improvements as applied to a joint or
coupling for connecting together two tubular earthenware portions, such as
outlet of a closet trap and the end of a soil pipe, I provide near one end of the
one pottery or earthenware element, a gun-metal ring or collar whose base or
inner part is sunken or lies within an annular channel formed in the pottery-ware.
Thus I take a pottery-ware pipe and sink within the same, an annular channel
into which an open jointed gun metal ring is sprung and there secured by
soldering or otherwise connecting together the free ends, thus forming an annular
abutment collar for the flanged end of the union ring to rotate against when
the latter is screwed onto a metallic male-fitting permanently attached to the
end of the other pipe section to be coupled to the first named. The attachment
of this male fitting which consists of an outside-screwed ring extending slightly
beyond the pottery-ware pipe and adapted to receive an asbestos or rubber sealing
ring located between the end faces of the opposed sections-is effected by making
holes in the outside walls in the pottery ware and passing pegs through the
fitting into the said holes and then making the attachment secure by cement.
The packing or sealing ring, which comes between the pottery-ware pipes or
pottery-ware and metal pipes may consist-according to the second part of my
invention of a lead inner ring, which is circumferentially grooved on its outer
side and is encircled by a rubber ring of about the same depth as the metal part.

page_text: When this ring is in position, the drawing together of the pipes and the elements
of the joints squeezes the lead in common with the rubber whilst only the inner
lead portion comes into the bore of the connected pipes, so that the rubber part is
entirely enclosed and isolated from sewer gas and other deleterious matter passing
through the pipes:
In connecting a lead or other metal pipe to a pottery-ware pipe according to
another form of my invention the he or outside-screwed part of the coupling
is placed onto the lead pipe, which takes into the bore of the pottery pipe and I
interpose between the said male part of the coupling and the end face of the
pottery pipe, a rubber sealing or packing ring, and then I slip onto the pottery
pipe, an inside screwed union or she coupling having an end flange adapted to
take a bearing against the abutment collar of the said pipe, and when this she
coupling on the one pipe is screwed onto the fitting on the other pipe, the said
pipes are drawn together, the sealing ring expanded and a sound joint made.
Instead of the lead pipe socketting into the end of the pottery-ware pipe, it
may be provided with an end flange between which and the opposed face of the
pottery pipe the sealing ring comes whilst the male fitting of the union lies at
the back of it.
In carrying out the third part of my invention, the end of the metal pipe
is flanged, to an extent corresponding to the diameter of a loose flange slipped
onto the earthenware pipe and coming at the back of the partially-embedded or
sunken abutment ring thereof, and in order to reinforce the flange of the metal
pipe, particularly when made of lead, it is backed up by a loose slipped-on ring of
hard metal. Connecting bolts or rings are passed through coincident holes in
the whole of the flanges and connect the parts together, the sealing ring in
this case being disposed in an annular socket or sinking formed within the integral
flange of the metal pipe...
The partially sunken.,abutment collar may be employed in conjunction with
couplings of the well-known bayonet joint type.
The application of my invention to coupling together various tubular parts,
pipes and tubes for various sanitary, domestic and other purposes differs in no
essential respect from its application to the connecting of the outlet end of a
closet trap to a soil pipe as herein described.
Dated this 26th day of October 1898.
THOMAS WILLIAM TWYFORD.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in Joints or Couplings of Sanitary and Analogous
Articles, Pipes and the like.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM TWYFORD, Managing Director of Twyfords Limited, of
Cliffe Vale Pottery. and Enamelled Fire Clay Works, Hanley, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturing Sanitary Potters, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the joints or couplings used in making the connections
or unions between certain component parts of water-closets, traps and other
sanitary appliances, also between the waste pipes and supply pipes of baths,
lavatories, and other kindred articles formed either wholly of pottery-ware or
partly of pottery and partly of metal, it being understood that the term "pottery-

page_text: "
ware includes all goods made in porcelain, earthenware, fire-clay and stone-
ware.
My invention consists in the one part, in providing a pottery pipe end with
a gun-metal or other metallic flange constituting an annular abutment stop
against which the flange of the union employed in coupling together two pipes
or tubular parts comes; in a second part, in providing the rubber sealing washers
of pipe joints with an inside metallic confining ring for the purposes of preventing
the inward spreading of the rubber when compressed and also hooding over the
inner parts in order to isolate the same from contact with sewer gas and matter
passing down the pipes; and in a further part, in additions to joints or
connections.
In carrying out the first part of my improvements as applied to a joint
as
tubular earthenware portions, such the
for connecting together two
outlet of a closet trap and the end of a soil pipe, I provide near one end of the
one pottery or earthenware element, a gun-metal 'ring or collar whose base or
inner part is sunken or lies within an annular channel formed in the pottery-ware.
whilst the outward part constitutes the abutment for the union or coupling, as
hereinafter fully described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents an elevation of a joint for
connecting together two pottery-ware pipe lengths 'and constructed and provided
in accordance with one form of my invention..
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of Figure 1, showing the abutment collar
or ring with its inner circumferential part lying within the annular sinking
near the end of one pipe.
Figure 3 represents, partly in longitudinal section and partly in elevation, the
two pipe lengths and the several parts comprising the said joint separated. This
view shows more clearly the construction of the improved sealing ring with which
this joint is fitted and which constitutes the second part of my invention.
Figure 4 represents a cross section of Figure 2 upon the dotted line.
Figure 5 represents an elevation and an edge view (partly in section) of the
inner metal part employed in connection with outer rubber of the composite seal-
ing ring, whilst Figure 6 shows like views of the said rubber part of the ring
separately.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the said Figures 1
to 6.
Thus in making up this particular form of joint, I take a pottery-ware pipe a,
and sink within the same, near one end, an annular channel a¹, into which an
open jointed gun metal ring b, is sprung and there secured, if necessary, by
soldering or otherwise connecting together the free ends b', thus forming an annular
abutment collar for the flanged end c¹, of the union ring c, to bear and rotate
against when the latter is screwed on to a metallic male-fitting d, permanently
attached to the end of the other pipe section e, to be coupled to the first named a.
The attachment of this male fitting (which consists of an outside-screwed ring
extending slightly beyond the pottery-ware pipe and adapted to receive and
confine an asbestos or rubber sealing ring f, located between the opposed end
faces a, e, of the two pipe sections a, e) may be effected by making a series
of holes e, in the outside walls in the pottery ware and passing screwed or other
pegs e, through the fitting into the said holes and then making the attachment
secure by lead or cement g, which is run between the outside screwed ring d,
and the pipe and into the holes and around the pegs.
The abutment ring may be made of any hard. but non-fragile material other than
gun or like metal.
The rubber packing or sealing washer or ring f, which is confined within the
extending part of the union ring d, and comes between the opposed ends of the two
5 pipe lengths to be united, may consist (according to the second part of my inven-
tion) of a lead inner confining and protecting ring f, which is circumferentially
grooved on its outer side at f², and is encircled by an outer rubber ring †,

page_text: which may be of about the same depth as the metal part or of other suitable
dimensions. When this ring is in position, the drawing together of the pipes
by screwing up the elements of the joints squeezes the rubber as shown in Figure 2,
whilst the inner lead portion, which is the only part to which matter passing
through the bore of the connected pipes can gain access, entirely encloses and
protects the outer rubber portion, which is thereby isolated from sewer gas
and other deleterious matter. The spreading of the rubber sealing ring into the
bore of the pipe is also prevented by the inner lead part.
Instead of the confining and protecting ring being made of lead it may be
made of other metal or material not liable to be acted upon by the matter passing
through the joined parts.
Figure 7 represents an elevation of another form of joint embodying my
improvements.
Figure 8 is a complete longitudinal section thereof.
Figure 9 is a cross section of Figure 7 upon the dotted line a¹.
Figure 10 represents a cross section of Figure S upon the dotted line 2, and
Figure 11 show's another section of the same figure but upon the dotted line..
Figure 12 represents, partly in section and partly in elevation, the several
component parts of this joint, separated.
In connecting a lead or other metal pipe e, to a pottery-ware pipe a, according
to this form of my invention the he or outside-screwed part of the coupling d,
is placed over or onto the lead pipe, which takes into the bore of the pottery
pipe (see Figure 8) and I interpose between the opposed faces d, 2, of the said
coupling and the pottery pipe, a rubber sealing or packing ring f, and then I
slip onto the pottery pipe an inside screwed union or she coupling c, having an
end flange c, adapted to take a bearing against the abutment collar b, of the
said pipe, and when this she-coupling on the one pipe is screwed onto the fitting in
the other pipe, the said pipes are drawn together, the sealing ring is compressed
and expanded between the opposed parts and a sound joint or seal is made.
Instead of the lead pipe socketting into the end of the pottery-ware pipe, it
may be provided with an end flange between which and the opposed face of the
pottery pipe the sealing ring comes whilst the male fitting of the union lies at
the back of it.
Figure 13 is an elevation of a joint for connecting together earthenware and
metal pipes and constructed according to this form of my invention.
Figure 14 is a complete longitudinal section of the said joint.
Figure 15 is a cross section of Figure 14 upon the dotted line a¹.
Figure 16 represents, partly in section and partly in elevation, the separated
component parts of the joint.
Figure 17 is an elevation of the pottery ware pipe showing the metal abutment
ring fitted thereto.
Figure 18 is a cross section of the said pipe and ring upon the dotted line
Figure 17.
Figure 19 represents an inside elevation of the she part of the union showing
the annular flange on the inside thereof which bears against the fitted abutment
ring of the pipe.
++
a is the earthenware pipe, 6 the metal abutment ring located within the annular
channel ale is the lead pipe, el its end flange, between the outer face et, of
which and the opposed face a², of the pipe a, the sealing ring f is located and
is compressed to form a sound and sealed joint by screwing the female part c
of the coupling onto the male part d, the former of which surrounds the pipe a,
with its end flange c, bearing against the abutment collar or ring b, whilst the
latter is passed over the lead pipe e, and takes its bearing against the end
flange el. The ferrule or inside screwed coupling ring e, is provided with a series
of separated holes &, to facilitate its rotation, and the male part is facetted at d¹,
to facilitate the holding or rotation of the same by a spanner or other tool. The

page_text: sealing washer may be provided with an inner confining and protecting lead part
such as that represented in Figures 1 to 6.
Figure 20 is an elevation of another modified form of joint constructed according
to my invention.
Figure 21 is a longitudinal section of Figure 20.
Figure 22 represents the component parts of the joint separately.
Figure 23 is an elevation, partly in section, of the metal abutment ring separately
and Figure 24 represents a longitudinal section of the pottery-ware pipe, showing
the annular sinking or groove in which the inner circumferential part of the
abutment ring lies.
Figure 25 is a cross section of Figure 24 upon the dotted line 6.
According to this arrangement, the end of the metal pipe e, is flanged at e¹,
to an extent corresponding to the diameter of a loose flanged ring or collar c,
slipped onto the earthenware pipe and coming at the back of the partially-
embedded or sunken abutment ring 6 thereof, and in order to reinforce the flange
of the metal pipe, particularly when made of lead, it is backed up by a loose
slipped-on ring of hard metal . Connecting bolts or screws i, are passed through
coincident holes, e, in the flanges c', e', and through holes h¹, in the reinforcing
ring h, and connect the parts together with the extreme end of the pottery ware
pipe socketting into an annular enlargement e³, formed at the opposed end of the
metal pipe, inwards of the flange e', thereof, whilst the compressible sealing ring f,
by which the joint is made sound surrounds the earthenware pipe, and is confined,
in this case, between the abutment ring b, of the earthenware pipe and an opposed
part of the lead pipe, and is compressed when the two pipes are drawn together
by the screws passing through the integral flange on the one and the flange of the
loose collar encircling the other. By thus socketting the one pipe element into
the other and placing the sealing ring around the one pipe in manner as described,
the said ring is efficiently shielded or protected from the action of sewer gases and
other matter passing through the connected parts."
The partially sunken abutment collar may be employed in conjunction with
couplings of the well-known bayonet joint type."
The application of my invention to coupling together various tubular parts,
pipes and tubes for various sanitary, domestic and other purposes differs in no
essential respect from its application to the connecting of the outlet end of a
closet trap to a soil pipe as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First In joints for sanitary and analogous tubular articles, pipes or the like,
providing an end of a pottery-ware part to be connected with an added and
fitted collar or ring made of metal or other hard non-fragile material, the inner
part of which is let or sunken into the pottery-ware whilst the outer part con-
stitutes a stop or abutment for the coupling employed, substantially as herein
described and set forth.
:
Secondly In the rubber sealing washers or rings of joints for sanitary and
analogous tubular articles, pipes and the like; providing the same with an inner
confining and protection ring, made of material not liable to be acted upon by
sewer gas or the like, substantially as and for the purpose described and set
forth in Figures 1 to 6.
Thirdly A joint for connecting together sanitary and analogous tubular
articles, pipes or the like, consisting of a male screwed ring such as d, carried
by the one earthenware or other element and a loose inside screwed coupling such
as e, surrounding the other element, which is made of earthenware and provided
with a fitted metal abutment ring b, the whole of the parts being drawn together
in the way and for the purpose substantially as described and set forth in
Figures 1 to 19.

page_text: 1 Fourthly A joint for connecting together sanitary and analogous tubular
articles, pipes and the like with the one part having an integral flange such
as e, and the other part provided with a loose flanged collar such as c, in con-
junction with a fitted abutment ring b, with the end of the one element socketting
into the mouth and being surrounded by a sealing ring which is thereby protected
from sewer gas or the like, whilst the several parts. are drawn together and a
tight joint is obtained, substantially, as described and set forth in Figures. 20
to 25..
2. >
_...
1000
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