IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, VAPORS, & GASES, AND FOR CONDENSING STEAM & VAPORS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Janig, of Burton Street, Sherwood, near the
County Town of Nottingham, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, VAPORS, & GASES, AND FOR CONDENSING
STEAM & VAPORS."
Sealed the 21st August 1877, and dated the 20th April 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Janig at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1877.
HENRY JANIG, of Burton Street, Sherwood, near the County Town of Nottingham,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, VAPORS, &
GASSES, AND FOR CONDENSING STEAM & VAPORS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for cooling liquids, vapors
and gasses, and for condensing steam and vapors, and consists of an apparatus
wherein liquids and fluids can be cooled in much less time than at present; the
apparatus occupies little space and is very compact, a great advantage in the cooling
of worts in breweries and where rapid cooling is of importance, especially in warm
weather.
It is also applicable in condensing steam of steam engines and vaccuum pans in
sugar manufacturies and distilleries, and for the production of distilled drink water
on board ship, also for cooling air.
The apparatus consists of an outside case made either of cast iron, copper, or any
other suitable material. This outer case may be made either cylindrical or square,
or any other convenient shape. Within this is an inside apparatus capable of
revolving round its own axis, and composed of two chambers jointed together by a
cylinder, but within which no communication exists between it and the chambers.
A series of thin copper tubes are connected to the two chambers, and form a com-
munication between them. These pipes are placed preferably in concentric circles,
and are placed as close together as convenient, according to the quantity of liquid,
vapor, steam, or gases to be operated upon in a certain time.
The liquid, steam, or gas enters the apparatus at the top through a pipe, and

page_text: passes through one of the chambers, thence through the series of copper tubes to
the lower chamber and the outlet pipe, away from the revolving apparatus.
A stop-cock is fitted to the outlet pipe outside the casing for regulating the
quantity passing through, a similar cock being fitted at the top supply pipe. Thus
by regulating the outlet cock the whole of the interior revolving apparatus can be
always kept full of liquid.
The outer casing is supplied with cold water by a pipe at bottom and rises to an
overflow pipe at top.
The cold water feed-pipe is provided with a stop-cock to regulate the water
supply, the outer casing being also kept filled by the supply of cold water which
impinges against the chambers and the copper pipes of the apparatus which are
charged with the liquid to be cooled. By this means a large surface is exposed to
the cold water, and rotary motion being given to the interior apparatus with it's
great number of tubes, will then constantly change the contact surface of the cold,
and rapidly absorb the heat of the liquid, steam, or vapor.
The cold water which enters the apparatus through its pipo gradually becomes
warm and leave the apparatus through the upper pipe.
Motion is given to the revolving apparatus within the casing by means of a
pulley fixed on the inlet trunk pipe in any suitable manner.
It is not necessary that the inside apparatus should revolve at a great speed; all
that is required is to move the tubes through the surrounding cold water so as to
change the surface contact and thus greatly increase the cooling effect. A few
vertical ribs are arranged within the casing, projecting from its side or sides, to
prevent the water moving round as a body inside the casing while the tubes and
chambers are revolving.
The liquid is regulated to run out of the apparatus at a certain rate, and this,
coupled with the total area of the inside of the tubes, being so many times larger
than the area of the exit pipe, it follows that the liquid or fluid inside the tubes
will pass down comparatively slow, and be the longer exposed to the surrounding
cold water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Janig in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th October 1877.
HENRY JANIG, of Burton Street, Sherwood, near the County Town of Nottingham,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, VAPORS, &
GASES, AND FOR CONDENSING STEAM AND VAPORS."
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for cooling liquids, vapors,
and gases, and for condensing steam and vapours, and consists of an apparatus
wherein liquids and fluids can be cooled in much less time than at present; the
apparatus occupies little space and is very compact, a great advantage in the cooling
of worts in breweries and where rapid cooling is of importance, especially in warm
weather.
It is also applicable in condensing steam of steam engines and vacuum pans in
sugar manufacturies and distilleries, and for the production of distilled drink water
on board ship, also for cooling air.
The apparatus consists of an outside case made either of iron, copper, or any
other suitable material. This outer case may be made either cylindrical or square,
or any other convenient shape. Within this is an inside apparatus capable of
revolving round its own axis, and composed of two chambers joined together by a
cylinder, but within which no communication exists between the chambers. A
series of thin copper tubes or pipes are connected to the two chambers and form a
communication between them. These pipes are placed preferably in concentric
circles, and are placed as close together as convenient, according to the quantity of
liquid, vapour, steam, or gases to be operated upon in a certain time.

page_text: The liquid, steam, or gas enters the apparatus at the top through a pipe and
passes through one of the chambers, thence through the series of copper tubes to
the lower chamber and the outlet pipe away from the revolving apparatus.
A stop-cock is fitted to the outlet pipe outside the casing for regulating the
quantity passing through, a similar cock being fitted at the top supply pipe. Thus
by regulating the outlet cock the whole of the interior revolving apparatus can be
always kept full of liquid.
The outer casing is supplied with cold water by a pipe at bottom and rises to an
overflow pipe at top.
The cold water feed-pipe is provided with a stop-cock to regulate the water
supply. The outer casing being also kept filled by the supply of cold water which
impinges against the chambers and the copper pipes or tubes of the apparatus which
are charged with the liquid to be cooled. By this means a large surface is exposed
to the cold water, and rotary motion being given to the interior apparatus with its
great number of tubes or pipes, will thus constantly change the contact surface of
the cold water and rapidly absorb the heat of the liquid, steam, or vapour.
The cold water, liquid, steam, vapour, or gases which enters the apparatus through
its pipe, gradually becomes warm and leaves the apparatus through the upper pipe.
Motion is given to the revolving apparatus within the casing by means of a
pulley fixed on the inlet trunk pipe in any suitable manner.
It is not necessary that the inside apparatus should revolve at a great speed; all
that is required is to move the tubes through the surrounding cold water so as to
change the surface contact and thus greatly increase the cooling effect. A few
vertical ribs are arranged within the casing projecting from its side or sides to
prevent the water moving round as a body inside the casing while the tubes and
chambers are revolving.
The liquid, fluid, or gas is regulated to run out of the apparatus at a certain rate,
and the total area of the inside of the tubes being so many times larger than the
area of the exit pipe it follows that the liquid, steam, vapours, gases, or fluid inside
the tubes will pass down comparatively slow and be the longer exposed to the action
of the surrounding cold water, steam, vapours, or gas.
The annexed Drawings represent an apparatus constructed as above described.
Figure 1 is a vertical half section, half elevation view; Figure 2, a plan in section
on line x, y, of Figure 1.
Although the Drawing shows the apparatus in a vertical position it can also be
adopted for working in a horizontal position; all that is necessary is that the inlet
and outlet pipes require placing accordingly to suit either position.
A is an outer casing of any convenient form (it is here shown in the shape of a
cylinder). It may be of iron, wood, or any other suitable material, but iron is
preferable. This casing is to contain the cooling liquid or the liquid or vapor to
be heated as desired. E and F are the inlet and outlet pipes, which may be pro-
vided with suitable cocks. B1 and B2 are hollow vessels, each terminating in hollow
trunks or pipes, which pass through convenient stuffing boxes a¹, a³, as shown, placed
in the top or bottom of the outer casing A. These two vessels are connected
together by the central partition piece C so as to form one piece together, and no
communication exists so far between the two vessels B' and B. D, D, D, D, are a
series of pipes of copper or other material capable of conducting heat most readily.
These pipes form the connection between the two chambers B1 and B2 and their
interior. This interior apparatus, consisting of the two hollow vessels B¹ and B2,
with the series of tubes or pipes D, D, is capable of revolving in the two stuffing
boxes a¹ and a², motion being given to it by the bevel gearing and strap pullies P,
or by any suitable and ordinary means.
The liquor, steam, vapour, or gases to be cooled or condensed enters the interior of
the slowly revolving apparatus at B3 and leaves it at B, suitable cocks and connec-
tions having been provided for the proper regulation of the inlet and outlet. S, S,
are vertical ribs projecting inwards from the outer casing A, as shown in Figure 2.
Any number of these ribs as internal wings or baffle plates may be used.

page_text: The working of this apparatus is as follows:-The cooling liquid, vapour, or gas,
or the liquid to be heated, entering the outer casing A at E, and leaving it at F, will
totally fill this outer casing, and the liquid, steam, vapour, or gas to be cooled or
condensed, at the same time passing through the interior revolving apparatus, will
fill the chambers of the two vessels B¹ and B and the whole of the series of tubes.
The interior apparatus is slowly revolving to cause the outside surface of the tubes
or pipes D, D, to be constantly brought into contact with fresh body of liquid, with
a constant changing effect of the liquid, vapour, or gas in the outer casing and that
in the interior. The contents of the revolving apparatus pass slowly from one end
to the other, whilst the contents of the outer casing each at the same time pass
slowly in an opposite direction, a constant change of surface for cooling the .one or
heating the other is produced.
It will be understood that the apparatus herein-before described and shown is
available for heating liquids or gases by a heat-producing agent between the casing
and the revolving vessel to change the temperature of the agent passing through
the revolving vessel; or the apparatus may be used in the reverse direction, viz.,
the heating agent may be in the revolving vessel, and the agent to be heated be
caused to pass through between the revolving vessel and the outer casing, and which
may be employed for the purpose or process of evaporting sugar-cane juice, and for
which the Aspinwall pan, Wetzel pan, and other similar apparatus are used.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the combination and use of a
revolving apparatus within a stationary one, said inner apparatus being composed
of two chambers connected by tubes or pipes from one chamber to the other for the
Liquid, air, steam, or gases to be cooled or heated by a liquid or agent within the
outer one, as set forth or described, and substantially as shown in the annexed
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Janig, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven.