Improvements in Cable and Sub-marine Telegraphy.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 28th July, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cable and Sub-marine Telegraphy.
I, PATRICK BERNARD DELANY, Electrical Engineer, a citizen of the United
States, residing at South Orange, in the County of Essex and State of New
Jersey, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention is designed more especially for the operation of telegraph circuits
of high resistance and electro-static capacity, such as long submarine or under-
ground cables, where experience has proven that regularly alternating currents
affect the receiver more definitely than successive currents of the same polarity,
and that the fewer the impulses sent over the cable, the more definiteness each
signal will have at the receiving end. Usually signals are received over such
circuits by Thomson recorders, and in some instances by reflecting galvanometer
receivers. In both of these systems, reverse currents are used, but not regularly
alternating in polarity, dashes being represented by currents of one polarity and
dots by currents of opposite polarity, so that in transmitting the letter B, for
instance, an impulse of one polarity representing the dash would be followed by
three impulses of the opposite polarity representing the three dots. Now while
the change from one polarity to the other actuates the receiver to a marked
degree, the three successive impulses of like polarity have scarcely any effect
upon it, beyond holding it in about the same swerved position to which the first of
the three dots, or the reversal, carried it. Hence it is, to a large extent, that
translation of signals from the paper strip of the recorder is made by judging the
number of dots represented, from the length of the composite mark, rather than
by definitions or defined lines for each dot. It has been found impossible to
employ with long cables receiving relays in the regular Morse way, for the reason
that the slight fall of potential between dots of like polarity is entirely inadequate
to actuate a receiving relay. More success has attended relay working by the use
of regularly alternating impulses, with special devices for securing uniformity of
duration, but in these systems, and all others, so far as the applicant is aware,
marking and spacing currents have been necessary. That is, a single dot, for
instance, requires two currents, one to begin the dot, the other to end it. Therefore
relay working requires twice the number of impulses required by the Thomson
recorder or the mirror, for the same number of signals or letters. With the
recorder, one impulse makes a bend in the ink line below the normal straight line
or plane, denoting one signal, while a reversal carries the line above the horizontal
plane, denoting another signal. Heretofore with a relay receiver, one current has
been necessary to attract the armature or movable part in one direction, and a
reverse current required to restore it to its original position or actuate it in the
opposite direction, for it has not been feasible with the old arrangements to work
neutral relays over such circuits. Owing, therefore, to the large number of
reversals necessary to make the signals, the speed has been correspondingly
limited, and the impulses have lacked force and emphasis, for it is well known
among cable electricians that if reversals of high frequency are sent into a cable,
the receiver will be unaffected.
My invention is designed to overcome these difficulties and make relay working
over cables entirely practicable at a comparatively high rate of speed. This result.
is reached by the adoption of several leading principles, viz.: use of regularly
alternating impulses, the utilization of each impulse as a signal, and the main-
tenance of the movable part of the receiver in a normally central or zero nosition,

page_text: susceptible to actuation in either direction according to the polarity of the current,
and an arrangement of local contacts for the movable part of the receiver so that
while it is in its normal position with no current on the line, the sounder or final
receiver is open, and when the movable part of the receiver is actuated to either
side of this central position by a current of either polarity, the sounder is
operated.
Preferably, however, I employ a polarized relay or instrument between the main
and final receiver and arrange and connect the local contacts against which the
movable part of the main receiver works so that while said part is in its normal
central or zero position with no current on the line one side of a local split battery
is closed through an intermediate polarized instrument that actuates the final
receiver the latter instrument being in the open or spacing position, and when the
inovable part of the main receiver is actuated to either side of its normal position
by a current of either polarity it connects the other side of the split battery
through the intermediate instrument, reversing it, and causing the final receiver
to manifest the received dot or dash as the case may be.
By the use of two keys for transmission, such as are used in the present recorder
system, and (unlike the present method of transmission) by regularly alternating
from one key to the other, Morse signals may be produced on the receiver in a
perfectly reliable manner.
The main receiving instrument herein illustrated bears strong resemblance to
and has some features in common with the receiver shown in the Specification of
my British Patent No. 3839, Mar. 11th, 1890, but it is different notwithstanding in
several important particulars, which will be readily apparent from the drawings
and following description. And the system of operation herein described differs
essentially from that described in the Patent.
Instead of attaching the contact arm directly to the coil of the receiver, it may
be mounted as the syphon of the Thomson recorder is now mounted, and similarly
controlled by the motion of the coil through the medium of a fine fibre. The
contact maker controlled by the movable part of the receiver is also of novel design,
as I may make use of a small glass tube, such as is used for syphons in the
Thomson recorder, through which is drawn a very fine wire, the end of which
protrudes slightly beyond the end of the syphon tube, the whole being secured at
both ends, in any desirable way, as, for instance, by wax or other sticky compound
or a setting fluid may be drawn into the tube which will hold the wire rigid
throughout. In this way the vibrating arm or tube will not require any different
means of adjustment than those now used for the ordinary syphon, while the very
fine wire will be protected, held in place and supported by the tube. At the
leading in end the fine wire may be coiled and so disposed that it will offer no
more resistance to the movement of the tube than is experienced in the use of ink
in a well in which the end of a syphon has to move.
I consider this supporting and protecting of a fine connecting wire by a stable
support or sustainer capable of high rate vibration an important feature of my
invention, as it renders my general receiver, up to this point, quite as sensitive as
the Thomson recorder, and it only remains to insure reliable local contact
between the vibrating wire and the contacts in its path to operate the local
intermediate relay controlling the sounder, ink writer, repeater, or such other
final receiver as may be used.
Another useful feature of my invention is the adjustability of the local contacts
in any direction, and the tapering shape of the center contact piece or space
so that in case of unsteadiness or disturbance from earth current, or from
imperfect balance in duplex working or from other causes, the contacts may be
so arranged in relation to the contact arm that its scope of disturbance will not
extend to the reversing contact on either side; and by such a lateral adjustment,
the operator will be able to quickly follow up any biasing of the contact arın
caused by waves of earth currents or otherwise.
Another important feature of my invention is comprised in an arrangement.

page_text: for preventing sticking or adherence of the movable contact arm of the main
receiver or relay to its contacts from any cause whatever. I have discovered that
by communicating fine vibrations to the limiting stops or contacts of a sensitive
receiver or to the mounting of the movable part itself, all liability to stick is
overcome. The vibrations should be in a plane lengthwise of the contact arm, or
in other words, parallel with the face of contact, so that there will be no tendency
to jar the arm laterally. With a polarized or unbiased relay in the circuit of
these local contacts, the effect of fine vibrations is to insure prompt action, as the
rubbing effect under pressure exerted by the main line contact causes quick and
certain actuation. When the main line current ceases, the vibration prevents any
welding or other bond of cohesion between the contacts, allowing the movable arm
to respond promptly to the earliest influence of a reverse impulse coming over the
line. These freeing vibrations may be created in any suitable way electrical,
mechanical, or otherwise, and of course, may be applied to a receiver in a main line
circuit, a local circuit, or to the contact or limits of any delicately actuated arm of
telegraphic receiving instruments.
When vibrations are applied to the frame or bearings of the movable part of a
receiver its sensitiveness is greatly increased owing to decrease of friction.
The accompanying drawings are diagrammatic views illustrating my improvements
in several forms.
Figure 1 shows an organization in which cable recorder mechanism modified
according to my invention is included in the main line, and controls, through
suitable contacts, a relay that operates the receiver proper.
Figure 2 is a view of a part of the receiver apparatus shown in Figure 1, looking
in the direction of the arrow.
Figure 3 shows an organization showing a different arrangement of receiving
magnets.
Figure 4, a detailed view showing an ordinary glass syphon, such as is used in
cable recorders, with a wire drawn into it.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 illustrate an adaptation of my invention in which a telephone
is employed as the final receiver. And
Figure 8 shows an organization for preventing the welding or sticking between
the contacts of delicate receivers.
✗ represents the transmitting end of the line, and Y the receiving end. .
Referring specially to Figures 1, 2 and 4 the transmitter T is of the well known
character used in cable telegraphy, having two ordinary pole changing keys. The
receiver R is like the ordinary cable recorder now in general use except as
hereinafter specified, and consists of the field magnet 1, a movable coil or part 2
located in the field thereof, and centered by weights 3, and a contact arm or
vibrator 4, corresponding with the ordinary syphon of recorders, and operated from
the movable coil 2 by a fine fibre 2' as is well understood. A contact arm, however,
is shown in this instance, consisting of an ordinary glass recorder syphon, having
drawn into it a wire 5. The projecting end of this wire or a suitable tip applied
thereto, plays upon a contact table t on which are contacts whose faces lie in the
plane of movement of the contact arm. In addition to the adjustability back and
forth of the arm or piece upon which it is mounted this table may be adjusted
longitudinally or transversely with reference to the contact arm, by screws t¹ and t.
The center contact c is connected to one pole of the local split battery LB and the
two outer contacts c'e³ are connected to the other pole. In Figure 3 the upper end
of the wire 5, leading out of the glass tube, is coiled and connected to a polarized
relay R, and from this relay, the circuit is connected to the middle of the local
battery. The relay R2 controls the local circuit of the final receiver S, which may
be of any type of sounder or recorder or both and may serve as a repeater working
into another circuit. The bar or wire 6, Figures 1 and 2, upon which the contact
arm 4 is mounted is adjustably strained between the ends of the yoke or frame as
shown, and the frame carries an automatic vibrator magnet &c., by which vibrations

page_text: are imparted to the wire 6 and arm 4. The movable member or contact arm 4 may
be constructed in different ways, that is to say, the desired lightness and rigidity
may be attained by any other suitable construction though I prefer that shown. It
will be observed that the central contact c is wedge-shaped and that the inner edges
of the contact c¹ care parallel therewith. By this construction I am enabled by
adjusting the table of contacts to adapt it to any bias which the contact arm may
receive from earth currents, or other causes, and I may also adjust the table of
contacts to correspond with the extent of lateral swinging of the contact arm,
which may at times vary because of the varying static capacity of the circuit or
from other causes. In this organization as well as in other figures, I have not
thought it necessary to further describe or illustrate the ordinary construction of
the Thomson recorder cable receiver. I may say, however, that the arm 4 which
corresponds with the syphon in the recorder is to be operated precisely as the
syphon is in the well known recorder instrument.
The operation of this adaptation of my invention shown in Figure 3 is as
follows
The main line circuit is from earth at the transmitting end to one of the keys,
through top cross-bar of the transmitter to the other key (both keys being normally
up), thence to the receiver and through the movable coil thereof to earth, and
there is no current from the transmitter battery on the line. The apparatus is so
adjusted that at this time the contact point of the movable arm 4 rests centrally
upon the middle contact c. If now one key be depressed, a current of one polarity
traverses the line, the coil 2 of the receiver is swung in one direction, moving the
contact arm by means of the fibre 2, upon either the contact c¹ or c², thus reversing
the circuit of the polarized relay R2, and closing the local circuit of the final
receiver S. When the key is raised the transmitting battery is withdrawn from
the line, the contact arm resumes its normal central position, the polarized relay is
reversed and the signal completed. For the next signal the other transmitting key
is depressed, a current of opposite polarity traverses the line, and the operation is
repeated. The automatic action of the vibrator magnet imparts vibrations to the
contact arm 4 not only preventing welding, friction or sticking between its contact
point and the contact c, c', c², but by reason of such vibrations insuring a minute
rubbing action between the contact faces which improves the electrical contact.
In Figure 1, I have shown an organization similar to that above described with
the exceptions hereinafter noted. The circuit of the local battery is connected as
before described except that its circuit is completed through a pivoted or swinging
coil of an intermediate relay R' (preferably unbiased) and controlled and adjusted
for sensitiveness to a degree equal to or approximating that of the main receiver,
so that it may be actuated by very weak local currents and respond quickly to the
completions of its local circuit at contacts at c, c', c² of the main receiver.
This intermediate relay R¹ might be substantially a duplicate of the recorder R.
It is shown in the drawings as consisting of a field magnet r in the field of which
the coil is pivoted. The coil carries a contact arm 2 counterbalanced by
weight 3. The adjustable contacts c', c of this relay are connected with opposite
poles of the local battery L B, the center of which is connected through the coils
of a second intermediate polarized relay R², and thence to the contact arm. The
relay R controls the local circuit of a final receiver or repeater S'. In order to
prevent the welding or sticking between and the contact stops c, c³, I connect
the posts in which the two latter contacts are mounted, or the base which supports
them, with the armature lever of an automatic vibrator V by a strain wire v.
operation is the same as that already described in connection with Figure 1. In
these figures the longitudinal vibrations imparted to the contact arm 4 are set up
by the vibration of the armature lever of a magnet mounted upon the bridge or
yoke 8 between the ends of which the wire or bar 6 is strained. This particular
construction is that ordinarily used for imparting similar vibrations to the ink
syphon of the ordinary cable recorder.
The

page_text: In the drawings Figures 1 and 2 show a well known form of cable recorder.
mechanism except with the modifications and additions above described which
commence at the contact arm 4. The operation of the apparatus in these figures is
as follows:-
The line connections and transmitter are as before described. The armature of
the local polarized relay R2 at the receiving end is on its open or spacing side, and
the circuit of the sounder S is open. Now if the left hand key at X be pressed
down a positive impulse will be sent which will swing the coil of the main
receiver R and its contact arm 4, say to the right. The vibrating contact arm 4,
making automatically, by reason of the vibrations imparted thereto, fifty or more
contacts per second with c² will reverse the local current through the intermediate
relay R, causing its armature to move to its left hand contact and reverse the
circuit of polarized relay R' which will in turn close the sounder circuit. If a dot
is sent from X the vibrating contact arm 4 will remain on the right hand contact c",
but a short time, quickly returning to its zero or central contact c, again reversing
the intermediate relay R and throwing the armature lever of the polarized
relay R2 to the open side. If a dash he sent the key is held down for a length of
time corresponding to a dash. The contact arm in this instance will remain on its
side contact c³ until the dash is completed. Now, when it is desired to transmit
letter A, represented by a dot and a dash, the left hand key at X is pressed down
and quickly released, the receiver responds in the manner described, then the right
hand key is pressed down for a time representing a dash, the receiver arm is
carried to the other side against the contact c¹ and the intermediate and polarized
relays R', R are affected the same as in the case of the dot, except for a time
representing a dash, or as long as the key is held down at X. Thus dots or dashes
may be made on either key according to the order in which they come.
The keys
are operated alternately and each impulse produces a complete signal, which as
already stated would in all other cable relay systems require two impulses. In
transmitting letter H, comprising four dots, four impulses of regularly alternating
polarity would be used, and each key would be used in regular alternation, and it
would make no difference which key the first dot was sent from, it only being
necessary to avoid using the same key twice in succession. In transmitting to
ordinary recorders one key must be used for dashes and the other for dots,
rendering regular alternation of impulses impracticable. It will be seen that the
zero position of the coil and contact arm of R is brought about by the weights 3,
and this zero position is utilized to represent the open or spacing current on the
local polarized relay. An impulse of either polarity or direction coming over the
main circuit will represent the closing or marking current on the final receiver S.
It will be understood that in operating loug cables, condensers are interposed in
the main line circuit, so that a dash does not form a continuous current, but the
receiver owing to the slowness with which the impulse comes out, will remain
biased for a sufficient time to represent a dash. It returns to its zero or central
position quickly only when the key is raised and the cable put to earth at the
sending end, or when a reversed current is sent into the cable.
In my invention the local instrument controlled by the main line instrument may
be an ordinary Thomson recorder whose local circuit is controlled at the table of
contacts.
Figure 8 represents a new way of overcoming the detrimental welding or sticking
between the contact arms of delicate receivers, and their local contact plates or
points, by breaking the local circuit by local means after the local contact has
been made by the movable part of the receiver. In this figure R' may represent
a receiver in the main line, for instance, it may represent receiver R in Figures 1
and 3, or it may represent a relay as R' in Figure 1. In another application for
Letters Patent of the Kingdom of Great Britain, No. 21628 bearing even date
herewith I have shown and described a means of accomplishing this important
result by separable contacts, the local contacts being moved away from the movable
arm of the receiver while the latter is arrested by limiting stops. In the present

page_text: .
-
The
organization, the object is accomplished without moving the local contacts.
tigure shows a relay or receiver R' which may be directly operated by main line
-currents or locally controlled by a main line receiver. Assuming that the last
impulse placed the arm a of R' against its left hand contact c it resulted in placing
the polarized relay P R, and polarized switch P S and sounder S in the positions
shown. Should a current of reverse polarity or direction now arrive through R¹
the arm a would be moved to its right hand contact c', but as the circuit of the
local battery is broken at h, the arm a will have no circuit to break on leaving
contact c. On arriving at c', the circuit of local battery is closed, the path having
already been prepared at 12 by the lever of polarized switch P S. Immediately
upon the completion of this circuit by arm a and contact 7, polarized relay P R
and in turn polarized switch P S are reversed and the local circuit of arm a is
broken in advance of its return movement to cº. Therefore there can be no
.burning or welding at the contacts of the delicate receiver R. The armature
of P. S makes contact with plates h 2 by means of a rubbing contact piece P,
preferably having split or brush ends as shown, so that the contact shall always be
sure and of the same resistance. The armature lever of P S controls the local
circuit of the sounder S, as shown.
Referring again to Figure 1, as appears from the foregoing description, it is
evident that the intermediate receiver or relay R' may be dispensed with when so
delicate an intermediate instrument is not required, and sounder S or final receiver
be controlled by intermediate relay R' as shown in Figure 3, or the sounder may
.be controlled directly by intermediate relay R' and polarized relay R² omitted.
I do not limit the operation and results of sending currents regularly alternating
in polarity by regular alternation or manipulation of two keys and the utilization
of the neutral or zero position of the movable part of the receiver and its contact
arm representing the open or spacing phase of the final receiver to the design of
local or final receiver shown in Figure 1. The same method of transmission and
organization of main receiver may be used to efficiently control apparatus of a
different type, such for instance, as a telephone as shown in Figure 7 in which the
telephone may be operated directly by battery current by means of a table of
contacts t in which the central or zero contact is left disconnected, so that when the
contact arm 4 is moved to either side, it will sound a dot or dash as the case may
be, in the telephone, the middle position representing the open or spacing position,
the telephone not requiring any electrical assistance in assuming this phase.
Figures 5 and 6 represent a telephone as a final receiver with a microphone
inserted in the local circuit. The vibrating arın controlled by the main receiver
simply beats against the microphone contacts whenever it is moved to one side or
the other. The arm itself makes no electrical contact and therefore has no welding
or sticking to overcome. The impacts of its automatic vibration will be sufficient
to give a loud sound in the telephone from which Morse characters may be readily
read by the receiving operator. To prevent interference, the microphones m m³,
are mounted independently of the central zero piece or plate.
Figure 5 is a side view of the main receiver with microphone arrangement,
shown in Figure 6.
In Figure 7, a telephone receiver is shown, but the microphone contacts are not
employed. Instead use the table of contacts t. The outer contacts c¹, c³ are
connected with one side of the telephone, the other side of which is connected
through the local battery with the arm 4. The vibratory contact of the arm with
the contacts will produce the requisite sound in the telephone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination with a line and a transmitter from which successive currents
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a zero or central

page_text: position and capable of being moved in either direction from such position
according as the received current is of one polarity or the other, a final receiver
open or in spacing condition whenever the said movable part is in its zero position,.
and contacts and circuit connections whereby the final receiver is operated to
indicate a dot or dash as the case may be whenever said movable part is moved to
either side of its zero position.
2. The combination of a line and a transmitter from which successive currents
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a zero or central
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the.
received current is of one polarity or the other, a subsidiary receiving instrument
open or representing a space whenever the movable part is in its zero condition,.
contacts or plates one on each side of said zero position upon which said movable-
part may work, and circuit connections between said instrument and contacts or
plates, whereby the instrument is operated to indicate either a dot or dash when
the movable part of the main receiver is moved in either direction from its normal
or zero position.
3. The combination of a line and a transmitter from which successive currents.
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will..
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a zero or central
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the-
received current is of one polarity or the other, a subsidiary receiving instrument
open or representing a space whenever the movable part is in its zero condition,.
contacts or plates one on each side of said zero position upon which said movable
part may work, circuit connections between said instrument and contacts or plates,.
and means for 'imparting fine vibrations to said movable part in a plane transverse
to that of its movement whereby the instrument is operated to indicate either a dot
or dash when the movable part of the main receiver is moved in either direction
from its normal or zero position.
4. The combination with a line and a transmitter from which successive currents
regularly alternating a polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a central or zero-
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the
received current is of one polarity or the other, a contact upon which said part
bears while in its normal position, and two other contacts one on each side thereof,
a split battery having one pole connected to both outer contacts, its other pole to.
the middle contact and its center with the movable part of the main receiver, and
a polarized instrument in the circuit between the middle of the battery and said.
movable part.
5. The combination with a line and a transmitter from which successive currents.
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a central or zero.
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the
received current is of one polarity or the other, a contact upon which said part
bears while in its normal position, and two other contacts one on each side thereof,
and a polarized instrument whose circuit is connected with said three contacts and
is completed in one direction when the movable part is in its central position and in
the opposite direction when it is moved in either direction therefrom and makes.
contacts with one of the side contacts, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with a line and a transmitter from which successive currents
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,.
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a central or zero.
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the
received current is of one polarity or the other, a contact upon which said part
bears while in its normal position, and two other contacts one on each side thereof,
a local battery having one pole connected with the two outside contacts and its

page_text: opposite pole with the central contact and its middle with the movable part of the
receiver, a relay having a field magnet and a pivoted or suspended coil in the field
thereof included in the local circuit of said battery, and a second relay or
instrument whose circuit is controlled by said relay.
7. The combination with a line and a transmitter from which successive currents
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a central or zero
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the
received current is of one polarity or the other, a contact upon which said part
bears while in its normal position, and two other contacts one on each side thereof,
a split battery having one pole connected to both outer contacts, its other pole to
the middle contact and its centre with the movable part of the main receiver, a
polarized instrument in the circuit between the middle of the battery and said
movable part, and a final receiver controlled by said polarized instrument.
8. The combination with a line and a transmitter from which successive currents
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,
of a main receiver having a movable part normally occupying a central or zero
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the
received current is of one polarity or the other, a contact upon which said part
bears when in the zero position and two other contacts one on each side thereof,
a split battery having one pole connected to the two outside contacts and the other
pole to the middle contact, a relay included in a circuit connection from the middle
of the battery to said movable part, and a polarized instrument whose local circuits
are controlled at the contacts of said relay, substantially as set forth.
9. The combination with a line and a transmitter from which successive currents
regularly alternating in polarity are sent to transmit either dots or dashes at will,
of a main receiver having a movable part normally. occupying a central or zero
position and capable of being moved in either direction therefrom according as the
received current is of one polarity or the other, a contact upon which said part
bears when in the zero position and two other contacts one on each side thereof,
a split battery having one pole connected to the two outside contacts and the other
pole to the middle contact, a relay included in a circuit connection from the middle
of the battery to said movable part, a polarized instrument whose local circuits are
controlled at the contacts of said relay and a final receiver controlled by said
polarized instrument, substantially as set forth.
10. The combination with a receiver having a movable part adapted to occupy
a central or zero position when no current is upon the line, of a table of contacts,
upon which said part works, having a central V-shaped contact or space and a
contact on each side thereof whose inner edge is parallel to such V-shape and
means for adjusting the table of contacts relatively to the contact end of said
movable part.
11. The combination with cable receiver mechanism, of the character described
having a field magnet, a swinging coil, a contact arm and a connection from the
arm to the coil, of a table of contacts, upon which said arm works, having a central
V-shaped contact or space and a contact on each side whose inner edge is parallel
with such V-shape, a local instrument whose controlling circuit is connected with
said contacts, and means for adjusting the table of contacts relatively to the
contact arm.
12. The combination with cable receiver mechanism of the character described,
having a field magnet and a swinging coil, of a contact arm connected by a fibre
with the coil, a table of multiple contacts, in the same plane upon which the arm
works, and a local instrument whose circuit is controlled at said contacts.
13. The combination with cable receiver mechanism of the character described,
of a contact arm operated from the coil thereof, said arm consisting of an ordinary
cable recorder syphon having a conducting wire drawn therein, and local contacts
upon which said arm works.

page_text: 14. The combination with cable receiver mechanism of the character described,
of a contact arm operated from the coil thereof by a strand or fibre, and consisting
of a relatively rigid support having a fine conducting wire mounted thereon and
local contacts upon which said arm works.
15. The combination with the contact arm of telegraphic receiver mechanism and
the contact or stop against which it works, of means for imparting to one of said
parts fine vibrations parallel with the face of contact to prevent welding or sticking,
substantially as set forth.
16. The combination with the contact arm of a telegraphic instrument and the
stops or contacts against or upon which it works, of means for imparting to the
arm or contacts fine vibrations parallel with the face of contact, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
17. The combination with the movable contact maker of a telegraphic instrument,
of the electrical stops or contacts against which it works, an automatic electric
vibrator magnet and armature lever, a straining connection between said lever and
the stops or contacts, and a local circuit controlled at said contacts, substantially as
set forth.
18. The combination with a part consisting of the contact arm of a telegraphic
instrument, and a part consisting of two limiting contact stops, arranged one on
each side of the arm and against which it works, of means for imparting to one of
said parts fine vibrations to prevent welding or sticking.
19. The combination with the movable contact maker of a telegraphic receiving
instrument or relay, of contacts against or upon which it bears when moved
in either direction, a local circuit from a split battery completed through a branch
thereof at either of said contacts, a polarized instrument in the local circuit, a
second polarized instrument in a local circuit controlled by the first one, and means
for opening one branch of the said split battery circuit whenever the second
polarised instrument is actuated, substantially as set forth.
20. The combination with the movable contact maker of a telegraphic receiving
instrument or relay, of contacts against or upon which it bears when moved in
either direction, a local circuit from a split battery completed through a branch
thereof at either of said contacts, a polarized instrument in the local circuit, a second
polarised instrument in a local circuit controlled by the first one, and means for
opening one branch of the said split battery circuit whenever the second polarized
instrument is actuated, and a final receiver whose circuit is also controlled by said
second polarized instrument, substantially as set forth.
21. The combination of the movable contact maker of a receiver, the contacts
against which it works, two circuits respectively completed at said contacts, a final
receiver controlled by said circuits, electro magnetic devices also controlled by said
circuits and contacts controlled thereby to open each circuit after its completion
and close a corresponding break previously made in the other circuit, substantially
as set forth.
22. The combination of the movable contact maker of a receiver, the contacts
against which it works, two circuits respectively completed at said contacts, electro
magnetic devices controlled by said circuits and contacts controlled thereby to open
each circuit after its completion and close a corresponding break previously made
in the other circuit, substantially as set forth.
Dated thic 9th dor of October 1893