Improvements in the Manufacture of Brussels and Velvet Carpets.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Brussels and Velvet Carpets.
FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT 44 Comberton Road Kidderminster Commission Agent
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its objects to produce a superior quality and increased scope
for colors and designs in Jacquard Brussels and Velvet Carpets, also in some cases
economizing the figure warps.
I do this by arranging the counts of the cloth in the following new combination: that
the count in the reed be about one half of the count as woven, or in other words that
the number of wires or stitches woven say per inch, be about double the pitch per inch
in the reed. Hitherto the counts have been about the same both ways, but by
adopting the above combination, an equal quantity of loops or pile upon the surface
can be obtained with figure warps of about half the ordinary thickness or weight.
This may be utilized in two ways: either to have additional figure warps or frames,
thus increasing the scope of colors and designs, or by using only the ordinary number
of figure warps or frames there will be a saving of material.
I do not confine myself to the above as it may be varied in several ways.
Worsted of heavier counts may in some cases be employed for the figure warps,
which costs less for spinning and thus effects a further economy.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Brussels and Velvet Carpets.
I, FRANCIS BEST FAWCETT of 44 Comberton Road, Kidderminster, in the County
of Worcester, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object to produce a superior quality of and obtain increased
scope for colors and designs, in Jacquard Brussels and velvet carpets; also in some
cases to economize the figure warps. For these purposes I arrange the counts of the
cloth according to the following new combination, viz., so that the count or pitch in
the reed shall be about one half of the count as woven, or in other words that the
number of wires or stitches woven say per inch, shall be about double the count or
pitch per
inch in the reed.
Hitherto the counts have been about the same both ways, but by adopting the
combination or relative counts above explained an equal quantity of loops or pile upon
the surface can be obtained with figure warps of about half the ordinary thickness or
weight. This may be effected by having additional figure warps or frames, thereby
increasing the scope of colors and designs, or by using only the ordinary number of
figure warps or frames, whereby there will be a saving of material.
Worsteds of heavier counts may in some cases be employed for the figure warps;
the cost for spinning is thus less and a further economy is thereby effected..
In carrying out my invention it is necessary first to decide the counts of the cloth
that will be most advantageous to adopt. If it was desired to have a pitch in the reed
or slay approximating in fineness to what is now used in making ordinary Brussels
and velvet carpets together with additional frames of colors it would require Jacquards
to be constructed of greater scope than those now employed. To avoid this and to
utilize the present Jacquards I prefer the pitch or count in the reed to be 132 dents
to the usual width of 27 inches, that is to say half the full pitch of the Jacquard,

page_text: viz.: 264. And as there are eight rows of needles in the five frame Jacquards with
12 needles in the row across the loom, each row with its harness cords may be used
for operating the colors of one frame; that will thus give a scope of eight frames of
colors, being three more than has been used before. In six frame Jacquards there
are ten rows, so that a scope of ten frames can be obtained. With this pitch or count
in the reed, which would be very nearly five to the inch, the number of stitches or
wires as woven may be double the number, viz.,-ten to the inch; but these particular
details may obviously be somewhat varied.
The counts of the cloth having been decided, the drawing of the designs, the
stamping or cutting of the cards for the Jacquards, the adjustments of the loom and
the counts of the materials may all be adapted thereto according to the quality
required to be produced.
In drawing the designs for carrying out my invention the cords or longitudinal
rows should be of double width as compared with ordinary Brussels and velvet
patterns, and the number be say 132 to 27 inches width. The lashes or rows across
from selvage to selvage may be as usual and the number according to the length of
design required.
There may be as many as eight frames of colors introduced for production on five
frame looms, and ten frames on six frame looms, and there may, of course, be any
less number of frames for cheaper qualities, as any designer will understand. An
increased scope of one or two more frames could be obtained by altering the needles
and lifting boards of the present Jacquards, but this would involve some expense and
would probably never be required.
The method of reading off the designs for stamping or cutting the cards will be as
follows: The stamping machine has rows of holes in it to correspond with the rows
of needles in the Jacquard, and in arranging the punches they should be placed along
the several rows of holes for the different frames, instead of counting from one row to
another row as in the ordinary method, which any stamper will readily understand.
The arrangement of the colors or figure warps for the different frames, and in the
harness of the Jacquard and reed or slay, may be carried out on the ordinary principle,
which any loom tuner will know how to adapt to the new combination and to the
greater or lesser number of frames employed.
.
The reed or slay will require to be made of the pitch employed, say 132, and the
gears or heddles with the warps for binding and stuffing must correspond; in other
respects the loom may be arranged in the ordinary manner.
Hitherto in the thicker descriptions of velvet carpets made in Brussels looms with
the usual counts of the cloth, that is to say about the same, viz. :-five both ways, the
figure warps have been of a thick woollen of about 25 to 30 yards per ounce in order
to ensure a sufficient quantity upon the surface; but with my invention they may be
about half the thickness, and may consist of low numbers or heavier counts of worsted
such as Nos. 8's and 9's tripled instead of those finer ones used in the ordinary
Brussels and velvet carpets, varying the counts and thickness according to the quality
required. Heavier counts cost less for spinning than finer ones, and thus weight for
weight a saving is effected. In some cases it may be advantageous to use a finer
woollen instead of the worsted above referred to. The loom having been prepared as
explained the weaving may be carried out in the ordinary manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In the manufacture of Brussels and velvet carpets, the employment of the herein
described new combination of counts in the cloth, that is to say the count or pitch in
the reed being about one half of the count as woven, whereby increased scope of frames
of colors and economy in the figure warps can be obtained as set forth.
2. In the manufacture of Brussels and velvet carpets, the employment of the herein
described new combination of counts in the cloth together with an increased scope or
number of frames of colors, as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 3. In the manufacture of Brussels and velvet carpets, the employment of the herein
described combination of counts in the cloth and of figure warps of about half the
ordinary thickness or weight, as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The manufacture of Brussels and velvet carpets as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 10th day of So 1000
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent.