IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANNBARRIDE OF MUD Nume OD SORE PARTS OF TABLE BANDED " MANIDADE OR MAY Nirma Sony PAYS ON TADIO RUDAWHYDE
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Fitter, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANNBARRIDE OF MUD Nume OD SORE PARTS OF TABLE BANDED "
MANIDADE OR MAY Nirma
Sony PAYS ON TADIO RUDAWHYDE
Sealed the 5th February 1869, and dated the 8th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Fitter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1868.
I, JOSEPH FITTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE NUTS OB SCREW BOXES OF TABLE
EXPANDERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making the nuts or screw boxes of
table expanders of the white metal or alloy herein-after described in
place of the brass or gun metal ordinarily employed for that purpose.
I make the said nuts or screw boxes of the said white metal or alloy by
the process of casting. Nuts or screw boxes made according to this

page_text: part of my Invention work with a very small amount of friction, possess
great wearing properties, and are inexpensive.
My Invention consists, secondly, in casting the nuts or screw boxes of
table expanders on the screws of the said table expanders by the use of
metal moulds instead of casting the said nuts or screw boxes in sand, as
is usually practised. This part of my Invention is applicable to the
manufacture of nuts or screw boxes made of the white metal or alloy
herein-after described, or made of other metals or alloys.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in making the nuts or screws boxes of
table expanders of an outer iron box or frame within which the acting
part of the nut or screw box is cast. The said acting part of the nut
or screw box is made either of the white metal or alloy herein-after
described, or of other metal or alloy; or-the-inner-acting part may be
made separately, and forced into and pinned in the outer box or frame.
By this improvement great strength in the nuts or screw boxes is
secured, together with great economy in their manufacture.
The white metal or alloy herein-before referred to is composed of
27 parts by weight of lead, 7 parts by weight of tin, and 3. parts by
weight of antimony, or thereabouts; but I do not limit myself to these
proportions, as the proportions may be varied within considerable limits
without material injury to the metal or alloy.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Fitter in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
FITTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Fitter, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Fitter, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Joseph Fitter, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF THE NUTS OR SCREW BOXES OF TABLE EXPANDERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Fitter, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Fitter, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making the nuts or screw boxes of
table expanders of the white metal or alloy herein-after described in
place of the brass or gun metal ordinarily employed for that purpose.
I make the said nuts or screw boxes of the said white metal or alloy by
the process of casting. Nuts or screw boxes made according to this part
of my Invention work with a very small amount of friction, possess
great wearing properties, and are inexpensive.
My Invention consists, secondly, in casting the nuts or screw boxes
of table expanders on the screws of the said table expanders by the use
of metal moulds instead of casting the said nuts or screw boxes in sand,
as is usually practised. This part of my Invention is applicable to the
manufacture of nuts or screw boxes made of the white metal or alloy
herein-after described, or made of other metals or alloy.
The manner in which I carry this part of my Invention into effect is
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawing, that is
to say,
I take a metal mould or chill marked a, represented in elevation
and plan in Figure 1, and vertical section in Figures 2 and 3, the
interior of the said mould being slightly conical, the top end being the
widest end, and I take the screw of the table expander, or a pattern
screw, or a screw similar to that of the table expander with which the
screw nut or box to be made is to be used, and I place the said screw in

page_text: a perpendicular position in the axis of the metal mould a, and support
.it in that position by the apparatus herein-after explained. The mould
is now ready for the casting of the screw, nut, or box upon the pattern
screw in the said mould, as represented in Figure 2, where the said
screw supported in the axis of the mould is marked b. I take the fused
white metal or alloy or other fused metal or alloy of which the screw.
nut or box is to be made, and pour it into the annular space c between
the screw b and the inside of the metal mould a, and thereby cast
the screw nut or box upon the screw b, as represented in Figure 3,
where the cast screw. nut in the mould is marked d. After the metal or
alloy has solidified the mould is fixed in a holder, and the screw nut or
box d upon the screw b is forcibly withdrawn from the mould a, the
taper figuro of the inside of the mould permitting of the ready with-
drawal of the cast nut therefrom. The screw 6 is then unscrewed from
the nut or screw box, when it is ready to be used in the table expander,
or to be fixed in a case or frame to form the acting part of the nut or
screw box, as herein-after explained.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in making the nuts or screw boxes of
table expanders of an outer iron box or frame, within which the acting
part of the nut or screw box is cast. The said acting part of the nut?
or screw box is made either of the white metal or alloy herein-after
described, or of other metal or alloy; or the inner acting part may be.
made separately and forced into and pinned in the outer box or frame.
By this improvement great strength in the nuts or screw boxes is.
secured, together with great economy in their manufacture.
2
Figure 4 represents in section and plan the outer iron box or frame
which I use in carrying this part of my Invention into effect. The said
iron box or frame consists of a cylindrical part or barrel e open at both
ends, having side plates f, by which it is fixed to the cross bar of the
table. I cast the acting part of the nut or screw box within the barrel ea
of the iron box or frame in the manner represented in section in
Figure 5, that is, I support the box or frame e, f, on a horizontal rail
or support g, so as to closo one end of the barrel e, and I place and
support concentrically in the barrel e the screw h of the table expander,
or a pattern screw similar to that with which the screw box or nut is to
be used. The parts being thus arranged, I pour the white metal or alloy,
or other metal or alloy, into the space between the screw h and barrel e,
as represented at i, Figure 5, and thereby form the acting part of the.

page_text: uut or screw box. After the metal has solidified the screw h is removed
by unscrewing it from the cast screw box i. The acting part i of the
screw nut or box thus cast in the outer box or frame is firmly secured
therein by means of pins formed by the cast nut or box, that is, holes
are made in the outer box or frame, into which the metal runs, and thus
fastens the acting part of the nut to the outside box or frame. These
holes to receive the cast metal may be made at the top of the iron
frame e, Figure 4, or at any other convenient part.
Figure 6 represents in end elevation, and Figure 7 in horizontal
section a screw nut or box made in the manner herein-before described,
that is, of an outer iron box or frame e with a cast inner part i.
Figure 8 represents in elevation an outer iron box or frame of a
different form from that represented in Figure 4, and Figure 9 repre-
sents in section the frame and pattern screw placed in position for
casting the acting part within the outer box or frame. The shape of the
outer iron box or frame may be varied to suit the expanding mechanism
with which the screw nuts or boxes are to be used. Instead of casting
the inner acting part of the screw nut or box within the outer iron
box or frame, as herein-before described and illustrated in the Drawing;
the said acting part of the nut may be made separately by being cast in
the metal mould or chill represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, or otherwise
cast or made, and the said separate acting part be forced into and pinned
in the outer iron box or frame; but I prefer to carry this part of my
Invention into effect by casting the acting part within the outer box or
frame. I make screw nuts or boxes according to my Invention of
various sizes to receive single or double or other compound screws.
The apparatus which I prefer to use for supporting and adjusting the
screw perpendicularly in the metal mould, Figure 1, or box or frame,
Figures and S, consists of a square or angular bar connected with the
horizontal platform or table g on which the mould or box or frame is
supported. On the said upright bar two or more holders or clamps
slide, the said holders or clamps being fixed at any required height on
the bar by means of set screws. The screw upon which the nut is to be
cast is passed into holes made in the front of the clamps or holders. In
front of each clamp or holder is a second set screw, which by being
driven home. fixes the screw in its perpendicular position and holds it
steadily while the nut is being cast upon it in the manner herein-before
described. After the nut has been cast by then removing the front set

page_text: screws the screw may be withdrawn from the supporting apparatus, and
the said screw removed from the cast nut and replaced in the apparatus
ready for the casting of another nut.
The white metal or alloy herein-before referred to is composed of
27 parts by weight of lead, 7 parts by weight of tin, and 3 parts by
weight of antimony, or thereabouts; but I do not limit myself to these
proportions, as the proportions may be varied within considerable limits
without material injury to the metal or alloy.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention;-but-I-claim-as-my-Invention,--
Firstly. Making nuts or screw boxes of table expanders by casting
them of a white metal or alloy having the composition or substantially
the composition herein-before described.
Secondly. Making nuts or screw boxes of table expanders by casting
them-in-metal moulds-upon-the-screws-of-the-said-table-expanders; or
upon similar pattern screws, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly. Making the nuts or screw boxes of table expanders of an
outer iron box or frame within which the acting part of the nut or
screw box is cast, or within which a separate acting part is secured,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Fitter, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOSEPH FITTER. (L.S.)