IMPROVEMENTS on Annex AND DR in Canna
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Timothy Thomas, of Bridge End, Cardigan,
County of Pembroke, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
on Annex AND DR in Canna Carizan
Sealed the 21st September 1869, and dated the 19th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Timothy Thomas at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th July 1869.
I, TIMOTHY THOMAS, of Bridge End, Cardigan, County of Penibroke,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR. GRINDING AND BRUISING OR CRUSHING CORN OR OTHER
GRAIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a combination of mills for grinding corn and
and other grain and a crusher or bruiser on the same framing, whereby
greater compactness in construction is effected than is usual. It consists
in mounting upon a shaft one, two, or more flat discs enclosed within
suitable casings fitted on a frame; they work vertically, and both the
fixed or standing discs and the revolving discs are fixed and. regulated
by four or more screws, thus economising time for access in refitting,

page_text: replacing, or regulating the grinding surfaces to the greatest nicety.
There are other casings fixed at the back of the fixed grinding surface,
with openings leading from hoppers or shoots, and in which agitators are
caused to revolve for separating the corn or grain placed therein, and
conveying the same into the grinding surfaces though the eye or centre
of the fixed part. The bottoms of the casings have other openings,
beneath which and attached to the framework spouts are placed for the
ground meal or flour to fall through into receptacles placed under them.
The distance between the grinding 'surfaces, which are of flat hard
metallic plates with roughened faces of different degrees of roughness
according to the fine or coarse grain required, can be regulated by hand
wheels. On the main shaft upon which the the fast pulley (to receive
motion from any motive power) is mounted is a toothed pinion in gear
with a spur wheel on the axle of a fluted (or smooth) bruising or
crushing roller, which wheel in its turn actuates the second fluted (or
smooth) roller, bruiser, or crusher placed in the same crusher frame.
There is a spout or shoot leading from the bottom of this frame to
conduct the oats or other grain in a bruised state to a bag or other
receptacle placed underneath. Either of the mills or the crusher can be
worked separately, or the crusher can be worked at the same time with
either mill.
In some cases I mount a pinion on one end of the main shaft, and
cause it to gear with another wheel on a shaft, which can be turned by
hand or water or horse power or other existing motive power in
possession of a purchaser.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Timothy Thomas in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, TIMOTHY
THOMAS, of Bridge End, Cardigan, County of Pembroke, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year.
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
.

page_text: give and grant unto me, the said Timothy Thomas, Her special licence
that I, the said Timothy Thomas, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Timothy Thomas, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MILLS FOR GRINDING AND BRUISING OR CRUSHING CORN OR OTHER GRAIN,". upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Timothy Thomas, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Timothy Thomas, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in aud
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to a combination of mills for grinding corn and
other grain and a crusher or bruiser on the same framing, whereby
greater compactness in construction is effected than is usual. It consists
in mounting upon a shaft one, two, or more flat discs enclosed within
suitable casings fitted on a frame; they work vertically, and both the
fixed or standing discs and the revolving discs are fixed and regulated
by screws, thus economising time for access in refitting, replacing, or
regulating the grinding surfaces to the greatest nicety. There are other
casings fixed at the back of the fixed grinding surface with openings
leading from hoppers or shoots, and in which agitators are caused to
revolve for separating the corn or grain placed therein, and conveying
the same into the grinding surfaces through the eye or centre of the
fixed part. The bottoms of the casings have other openings, beneath
which and attached to the framework spouts are placed for the ground
meal or flour to fall through into receptacles placed under them. The.
distance between the grinding surfaces, which are of flat hard metallic
plates with roughened faces of different degrees of roughness according

page_text: to the fine or coarse grain required, can be regulated by hand wheels.
On the main shaft upon which the fast pulley (to receive motion from
any motive power) is mounted is a tooth pinion in gear with a spur
wheel on the axle of a fluted or smooth bruising or crushing roller,
which wheel in its turn actuates the second fluted or smooth roller,
bruiser, or crusher placed in the same crusher frame. There is a spout
or shoot leading from the bottom of this frame to conduct the oats or
other grain in a bruised state to a bag or other receptacle placed under-
neath. Either of the mills or the crusher can be worked separately, or
the crusher can be worked at the same time with either mill.
In some cases I mount a pinion on one end of the main shaft, and
cause it to gear with another wheel on a shaft, which can be turned
by hand or water or horse-power or other existing motive power in
possession of a purchaser.
The manner in which I carry my Invention into effect is represented
in the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a front view of a
combination mill constructed and arranged according to my Invention;
Figure 2 shews an end view of the same; and Figure 3 represents the
inner face of one of the flat discs with the cuts or grooves arranged in
the manner I prefer for the perfect grinding or reducing of the grain
into flour or fine meal. As before mentioned I fix two sets of grinding
surfaces and a set of crushing or bruising rollers upon the same standard
or frame, and by means of gearing I operate either one of the grinding
mills by itself or either one of grinding mills and the crushing mill at
the same time, as circumstances may dictate.
a represents a hopper, into which the grain to be operated upon and
reduced is first placed. The grain is allowed to run down the shoot or
spout 6 into the eye of the disc c, shown in Figure 3; this disc is fixed
to the casing d, and forms a support for the hopper a and spout b. The
other side of the casing has a similar disc e, but without the grooves or
cuts being formed on its inner face. The shaft passes through both the
casings, and carries a disc within each of them with the grooves or cuts
in one of their faces, so that either of them act as a grinding surface
when brought close against the fixed disc c. I fix the revolving discs
firmly upon the shaft on first setting the machine up, and when it is
necessary to grind the grain either to a fine flour or to coarse meal
I arrange the distance accordingly by means of the adjusting screws g, 9,
which bear against the end of the shaft f.

page_text: The space between the two mills is sufficient for a band wheel h for a
band to pass over, so that the mill can be driven by overhead gearing
if found necessary.
I arrange small band wheels upon the shaft to
communicate motion to agitators within the hoppers, so that the grain
before it is allowed to fall into the shoot is separated and acted upon so
that the hull or shell of the grain is partially divided from it. The
quantity of grain passing down the shoot is regulated by a flap or plate,
which can be drawn out or pushed in as required. Upon the shaft I fit
an adjustable pinion j to gear into a pinion k on one of the crushing
roller shafts or spindles. These crushing rollers are placed in a separate
casing upon the same frame or standard as the grinding mills, and the
pinion j is capable of being shifted along the shaft and secured by a set
screw to suit whether one mill or the other is in operation. I fit an
agitator in the hopper of the crushing mill, and I regulate the feed to
the same by a sliding plate. I arrange the distance of the crushing
rollers by an adjustable screw and hand wheel m. The grain, after it is
crushed in the crushing mill or reduced to meal or to flour in the
grinding mills, is allowed to fall down the spouts n, o, p, into receptacles
placed under them to receive it. I fit a pinion q on one end of the main
shaft to be geared into by a toothed wheel ", which may be driven by
hand or other convenient manner.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim.as my
Invention,―
Firstly. The general combination and arrangement of mills for
grinding and bruising and crushing corn or other grain, in the manner
described and represented in the Drawings.
And, secondly. Mounting two or more flat grinding discs upon a
shaft, and operating the same in the manner described and represented
in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Timothy Thomas, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, One.
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
TIMOTHY THOMAS. (L.S.)