Velocipede and other Wheel Tires.
Year: 1890

page_text: Since the Amendment of the original Specification, as above (published
June 4th 1892), the decision of the Comptroller-General, of the 13th day
of April 1893, has allowed, under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883,
a further Amendment of this Specification.
Date of Application, 19th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 19th May, 1891-Accepted, 4th July, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Velocipede and other Wheel Tires.
I, REGINALD COATES WILSON, of 57, Bidston Road, Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Ship Owner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows :-
According to this invention velocipede wheel tires are constructed of two parts,
an outer and an inner part or core, the outer one being of rubber of comparatively
hard kind (such as that at. present employed in the ordinary or the pneumatic tires),
whilst the inner one or core is made of spongy rubber or rubber sponge by which
the tire is given the advantages, to a large extent, of the present pneumatic tire,
and is a substitute therefor without its drawbacks.
In one combination of these two species of material, the core is separate from
the outer case; whilst in a modified combination it is manufactured on the outer
case and the tire is formed by bending it round into the form of section of tire
required.
According to a modified form of tire the soft or spongy portion may be between
the outer portion and the rim of the wheel onto which it is placed, so that the
spongy portion is not wholly surrounded by the outer portion; and again another
construction consists of the combination of the pneumatic principle with the sponge
core.
'
In a further modification I combine the pneumatic principle with an outer casing
consisting of duplex or multiplex layers of material.
In this case the outer one is
of rubber of the usual kind, and the inner one is a tube say of a better quality or
class of rubber, whilst between these two and preferably at one part-i.e., the outer
part-there is provided an elastic or springy material such as thin steel or other
wire ganze, by which, if the outer bearing case is pierced by a stone, broken glass,
or other thing, the inner pneumatic tube will be protected.
By this invention it will be seen the effect of cutting or piercing the outer skin
of a tire, the inner core remains whole anil operative, which is not the case in the
ordinary pneumatic tire.
In either case it is preferred to make the tire of considerable diameter, such for
instance as those of the present pneumatic type, for the purpose of affording the
requisite amount of elasticity.

page_text: It is to be understood the features of this invention may be modified and (or)
combined in various ways without departing from the general object and nature
thereof.
Dated this 18th day of August 1890.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
Velocipede and other Wheel Tyres.
I, REGINALD COATES WILSON, of 57, Bidston Road, Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, Ship Owner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
According to this invention velocipede wheel tyres are constructed of two parts
an outer and an inner part or core, the outer one being of rubber of comparatively
hard kind (such as that at present employed in the ordinary or the pneumatic
tyres), whilst the inner one or core is made of spongy rubber or rubber sponge
by which the tyre is given the advantages to a large extent, of the present
pneumatic tyre, and for some cases may be used as a substitute therefor without its
drawbacks.
In one combination of these two species of material the core is separate from the
outer case, whilst in a modified combination it is manufactured on the outer case
and the tyre is formed by bending it round into the form of section of tyre
required.
According to a modified form of tyre the soft or spongy portion may be
between the outer portion and the rim of the wheel onto which it is placed so
that the spongy portion is not wholly surrounded by the outer portion. Again,
another construction consists of the combination of the pneumatic principle with
the sponge core.
In a further modification I combine the pneumatic principle with an outer casing
consisting of duplex or multiplex layers of material. In this case the outer one
is of rubber of the usual kind, i.e. quality, and the inner one is a tube or lining say
of a better quality or class of rubber, whilst between these two there is provided a
springy material, such as thin steel, or other wire gauze, by which, if the outer
bearing case is pierced by a stone, broken glass, or other thing the inner pneumatic
tube will be protected.
By this invention it will be seen the cutting or piercing the outer skin of a tyre,
does not affect the inner one, namely, the inner one remains whole and operative
which is not the case in the ordinary pneumatic tyre.
-
In either case it is preferred to make the tyre of considerable diameter, such for
instance as those of the present pneumatic type for the purpose of affording the
requisite amount of elasticity and resiliency.
The features of this invention may be modified and (or) combined in various
ways without departing from the general object and nature thereof, and in the
examples of my invention shewn in the drawings hereto annexed are illustrated
some modifications, and some combinations of the features, the nature of which has
been above described.
In Figure I shew a cross section of a tyre consisting of an outer part a of
vulcanized rubber, and an inner part or core 6 of spongy rubber or rubber sponge,
the sponge portion, in this example, having a small hole through it, that is to say,
the-rubber sponge core-is a-hollow one with diagonal webs as running through it, as
shearn. is the rim of the wheel which supports the tyre.
C
In Figure 2, the rubber sponge core 6 has no hollow central part as that shewn

page_text: -Figure lies between radial webs &, and the gure has a note through w, as showny
otherwise it is the same as the tyre shewn in Figure 1.
In the form of tyre-shewn in Figure-3, the outer-part-a-is-thinned down at the
Farts where it does-not-come-in-contnet-with the road surface; or where it is not-so
mach worn as at the extreme periphery.
Figure 1 shews the same construction-as-regards-the-difference-of-thickness-of
the outer part-a at the periphery and the inner part, as set forth-with-reference-to
Figure 3 but in the present-ease there is provided, in the-outer-part-a,-a-strip of
fine-wire gauze-e-(or-ennvas); to prevent puncturing-of the-tyre-by-stones; glass,-or
other things.
5
In Figure 3, I shew a tyre (consisting of the outer part a of vulcanized rubber,
and the inner part of rubber sponge) of bent form, that is, the strip from which
the tyre is made is formed, and fitted into the rim c, by bending it round into the
form of section shewn. The section of the strip, before it is bent into form, is
designated by the letter a. The thickness of the rubber sponge portion may, of
course, vary, and be comparatively thin, as shewn by the full lines in the figure, or
thicker, as denoted by the dotted line y. The form of rim, suitable for receiving
and holding this form of tyre in position, is the ordinary dove-tail form, except
that I have shewn, an improved dove-tail rim, namely I construct it of hollow form,
but the hollow form is not essential. It will be seen in this construction (Figure 53)
the spongy rubber portion is not wholly surrounded by the outer portion a.
In
A. modification of the tyre shewn in Figure 3 is illustrated in Figure 4.
this example, the inner portion of rubber sponge entirely fills the space between
the rim e and the outer part a. The rubber sponge may, in this example, be made
separate from the outer part a and of the form shewn, and the outer part a bent
over it into the form of section illustrated; and both parts may be cemented to the
rim c, or cemented to a band of canvas, canvas and rubber, wire gauze, wire gauze
and rubber, or the like, ax, and then placed in position in the rim.
cemented to the rim.
It may also be
In Figure 5, Ishew a tyre, according to this invention, consisting of the com-
bination wherein the pnematic principle is employed in conjunction with the
sponge core b. In the carrying out of this combination, in the manner shewn
in the figure, there is employed inside the rubber sponge portion b, a tube d
(preferably of pure or good quality rubber, and forming a continuous bladder inside
the tyre. The portion of the outer part a of the tyre which bears upon the rim c,
is extended or swollen into dovetail form, and lies between the inner tube and
the dovetail portion c¹ of the rim c: this is shewn on the right hand side of the
figure. Or, the base of the portion a may not be enlarged, if desired, in which
case it would be constructed as shewn on the left hand side of the figure. In this
figure also there is shewn, interposed between the outer part a, on the one hand,
and inner tube d on the other, a strip e of metallic gauze of fine mesh by which the
inner tube is protected from harm when, or if the outer parts should become pierced
by a stone, broken glass, or other thing, and by which also the pressure within the
tube d tending to extend it, is restrained, and the form of the tube preserved.
In the construction shewn in Figure 6, the outer part a of the tyre is bent round
in the manner set forth with reference to Figure 5 3, and there is interposed directly
between the inner tube d and the outer part a, the strip of wire gauze e, which is so
adapted as to also preserve the shape of the tyre. The tube d and part a are so
constructed that the inner tube d is flattened somewhat between the plains extending
This is
between the top and bottom of the dovetail holding parts c¹ of the rim c.
done so that the pressure of air within such tube, and tending to press it into
circular form, will press the lower edges or part a' of the outer part a against the
inside of the part of the rim, and grip it firmly, and hold it in position in the rim.
Figure 6 shews the tyre set forth with reference to Figure 6 having an
enlarged edge a where it fits in the rim, after the manner of that set forth with
reference to Figure 75. The dotted line f represents a strip of canvas or other
suitable textile material in the outer portion for strengthening it, and even it

page_text: may serve as a substitute for the wire gauze strip e so far as strengthening of this
outer part is concerned; and in all cases where it is not necessary or desired to use
the protecting wire gauze strip e, the canvas or other strip may be alone used,
to keep in form the inner tube d. Furthermore, this canvas or other textile
material strip in such cases may be inserted between the portion a and the inner
tube d in the manner of the metallic gauze e shewn in Figure § 6, or at any suitable
part and way.
In the case of tyres constructed of an outer part, such as a, and a thin inner
pneumatic tube d, the space within such tube may in some cases be filled with a
rubber sponge core, such as that shewn-in-Figure 1 or Figure 2, or Figure-0, herein
specified in which case even if the inner tube & were, punctured and the pressure
of air within it released, the tyre would not collapse, as the sponge would support
it. In this case, as in similar cases, or equivalent cases, the rubber sponge portion
should have its cells of comparatively large capacity so as to be light.
In Figure 7, I shew a bent form of tyre with rubber sponge inner part and
having the edges a¹ of the outer part a secured between the rim c and an inner ring
or plates which is or are drawn onto the rim c by bolts c³. The ring e² may be
in one or more pieces, and any desired number of bolts c may be used to clamp it
down onto the edges a' of the outer rubber part a. The inner portion b, in this
case, is of rubber sponge, and may be made to partially fill the interior, as shewn in
full lines, or practically fill it, as shewn by the dotted line y; or, it may wholly
fill it. .
Figure 408 illustrates the type of tyre and its mode of connection to the rim set
forth with reference to Figure 7 in a modified form. In this case, the edges a¹ of
the outer part a are held between a comparatively flat surface rim c and inner
clamping ring c², which will be of suitable metal, and also of comparatively flat
form. This construction provides a somewhat more extended support than the
form of the tyre shewn in Figure 07. The interior portion b in this case is also
of rubber sponge.
Figure 9 illustrates the mode of securing the tyre set forth with reference to
Figures 97 and 10 8, as applied to a tyre of the ordinary pneumatic type, in which
an inner bladder tube d is used, and filled with compressed air or other gas. The
inner gripping rim or plate e², in this case, lies between the inner tube d and the
band e, which retains its form. Where the heads of the bolts c³ come, the inner
tube d is merely pressed up as shewn; or, these heads may be countersunk in the
metal strip or pieces c³.
Figure 12 10 shews a tyre composed of an outer rubber portion a with an interior.
rubber sponge portion b, and having between them a wire gauze protecting ring or
strip e. The internal portion is shewn hollow, and in this case compressed air
may be enforced into the hollow space, making the tyre of the pneumatic kind, in
which case the ring e would take the stresses due to the compressed air. The outer
portion a may be cemented to the rim c or held thereto by outer canvas or other
strips, suitably cemented or otherwise connected to the outer portion a and the
rim outside; or both these modes of securing the tyre may be employed.
.
It may be here stated that the construction of tyre shewn in Figures-1-and-42
may also be adapted to hold compressed air in the hollow portion of the rubber
sponge portion b. The strengthening strip e-if necessary- whether of metallic
gauze or canvas, may in this ease be made in the form of a complete ring and
inserted in the vulcanized rubber a, or interposed between it and the rubber sponge
portion b.
In Figure 13 11, I shew a type of tyre set forth with reference to Figure 5 3-
and other figures, wherein the edges a' are pressed onto the in-turned or dovetail
portions of the rim c by the spring i, which has a normal tendency to extend.
sidewise. The edges of the spring press upon the inside surface of the edges a¹,
and thereby hold them firmly in the rim.
Another arrangement shewing the spring means of holding the tyre in the rim
is shewn in Figure 14 12. In this case the spring is provided with a central part ³

page_text: in the form of an upright loop, standing in the space within the inner rubber sponge
portion b. In this case the spring serves to support the rubber when subjected to
the pressure of the rider of the velocipedc.
The combination, shewing the spring means of holding a pneumatic tyre in the
rim, is shewn in Figure 15 13. In this case, the tyre is provided with the inner
rubber bladder tube d, which is filled with compressed air, and the compressed air
in conjunction with the natural tendency of the spring i, presses it onto the edges a¹
of the outer rubber portion a, and so presses these portions a¹ onto the inclined or
dovetailed edges c¹ of the rim c. Of course the edges a' may be of the form shown
in Figure 64 if desired.
-
These springs may be in one continuous length round the wheel, or in several
pieces arranged closely together or at suitable distances apart.
In
A further arrangement of tyre, having springs i, is shown in Figure 16 14.
this case, the spring is in the form of an arch, the ends of which lie inwardly
towards the axis of the wheel. In this case also the pressure of air within the
tube d, pressing the arch of the spring outwards from the centre of such tube,
forces the spring onto the edges a' of the outer portion a of the tyre, and so
presses such portions (a) onto the inturned edges cl of the rim c, and firmly holds
the tyre in position. In this tyre, as well as in that shewn in Figure 15 13, the
stripe for maintaining the tube din form will consist of wire gauze or like
material; or, in some cases canvas only (✓) may be employed in lieu of the wire,
or it may be employed as au insertion in the portion a or again, both may be
employed, in which case the wire portion need not extend into the lower portions
or ends a', but only the canvas need extend there, but, of course, both may be
carried down, if desired.
In Figure 15, I shew my tyre (consisting of an outer portion a, and an inner
rubber sponge portion b) provided with continuous projections a' on either side,
formed on the outer part a.
In the bent form of tyre having projections a¹ and an interior pneumatic bladder
tube d, shewn in Figure 1$ 16, it will be seen that the portions a¹ are placed on
the tyre well within the central peripheral centre of the tyre, and form feet, as it
were, to it, which rest upon the rim forming its base. This form of tyre provides
a somewhat more resilient construction than that shewn in Figures à 3,75 and 6,
and like constructions, as does also the construction shewn in Figures 7, 19 8,
9, and others of equivalent construction.
The tyre shewn in Figure 10 17 is provided with feet a', after the manner of that
shewn in Figure 1316, but the feet, in this case, are adapted to fit into a rim of
the kind illustrated in Figures 5, 64, and others. The protecting metal gauze e
lies, in this case, as in some others previously described, between the outer part a
and the inner tube d, and is wrapped round under the feet a'. Canvas insertion
strips may also be provided in the outer part o, if desired; or these parts fand e
may be used or employed as or in any of the manners herein appearing.
1
Figure 29 18 shews a tyre in which the outer part a is made with one of its
parts a split or divided as shewn and with the parts of the rim carried round
and above the upper part of the feet a' or the outer part a shown in Figures 17 15
or +8 16 may be secured in this way. In some cases the parts a¹ may be further
secured in position by the bolts and nuts k¹.
In Figure 19 I shew a tyre having enlarged parts or edges at which are held
in the rim c by an internal plate or plates c, held and clamped down in position
by the bolts c³. It will be seen, in this case, that the enlarged parts a' are brought
round somewhat close together and are held mechanically by the dovetail form
of the parts a' formed between the inner plate or plates and the edge of the
This mode of securing the outer part a, that is by the use of the inner
plate or plates c, is similar to that described with reference to Figures 97, 108,
rim c.
and +1 9.
In Figure 2220, I shew a tyre having an inner tube or bladder d, adapted to be
filled with compressed air, and an outer part a carried outside same and secured by

page_text: cementation or equivalent means to the underside of the hollow rini C₁ the metallic
gauze (or it may be canvas) e for protecting the inner tube d being inserted in the
outer part a, and carried round same as shewn, serving also as a means of holding
the tube d in form.
Figure 21 shews a tyre in which the outer part a is secured to the rim c in
the manner specified with reference to Figure 220, but, in this case, the space.
within such outer part and the rim is filled with a rubber sponge b.
Figure 24 22 represents a piece of the strip of wire gauze or equivalent metal or
metallic strip or layer covered with india rubber or vulcanized rubber. The rubber
may be only just thick enough to render the strip smooth and without projecting
parts, which might, when combined in a tyre, otherwise cause some abrasion of the
surfaces with which it might come in contact; it may however be more thickly
covered. This gauze, or its equivalent, whether of copper or steel, alloy, or other
metal, is by preference of very fine mesh, such for instance as is used in strainers
for removing or catching very small solid matters from water and other liquids, such
for instance as that used in water strainers employed in water service systems for
towns. The essential qualities of the material are that it shall be thoroughly
pliable that is, capable of being bent into the forms which would occur in a cycle
tyre, and also readily assume or be pressed back into its normal form by the
resiliency of the material of which the tyre is made, or by the compressed air or
other fluid within the tyre. If these conditions are fulfilled, it is not of much moment
of what metal or alloy it is made, but of course it is best of metal that is not brittle.
A slightly modified form of sponge form of tyre-is-shewn in section in Figures-1^
and 1 The-modifiention-consists in providing webs, that is diagonal-webs, a³ of
the same material as the part-a, or pure rubber ones; (Figure 1^) or radial webs-a³
es-in-Figure-1" the rubber-sponge-portion-blying between these-webs. The
tubes--might-in--some enses also have diagonal webs like those shewn in
Figure 1.
It is to be understood that this invention is not confined to the particular form
of the different parts of tyres shewn in the drawings, nor is it confined to the
particular combination of outer part a and inner part or tube d, in cases in which
compressed air is employed and in others, and the points of novelty, which I desire
to claim in respect of this invention, are pointed out, specified, or referred to in
the claiming clauses concluding the Specification.
With respect to the nature of the sponge portion herein specified, this consists
of a large number of cells of air or gas and possesses great resiliency, and therefore
in itself constitutes a species of pneumatic core when used as herein described. The
material of which this may be made may be rubber, rubber compounds, or
rubber adulterated with or mixed with suitable substances, such as cork dust, or
other carbonaceous matters, and others, the nature of which (that may be used) will
be known to those acquainted with the art of rubber manufacture.
In cases where the tyre has a hollow part, such for instance as the part a
in Figure 3, and others, I may employ the space within the hollow rims c to act
partly or wholly as the air chamber of the tyre. To do this it is merely necessary
to provide apertures such as in the rim of the wheel. Of course, it will, be
preferable, if not absolutely necessary, that the tyre should be cemented to the rim
or otherwise brought in contact with it, so as to render the air space hermetically
closed; and the air in such cases may be under compression, in some cases, and in
others at the atmospheric pressure.
As a substitute or equivalent for the wire gauze which I have specified as being
used in the tyres to protect them against piercing, I may employ very thin steel or
other springy or pliable metal or alloy plate. This plate is preferably of about the
thickness of tissue paper, and in order to render thoroughly pliable or capable of
being bent in the various ways it would be in use I may corrugate the strip or plate
transversely to its length with very small corrugations; or, it may be corrugated
diagonally, or crosswise laterally and longitudinally. Or, again, I
material.made of intertwined spiral coils flattened and of small pitch; or small rings
may employ

page_text: interconnected as chain "mail" may be used, but I do not prefer these kinds of
metallic protecting strips or envelopes.
In another construction of tyre according to my invention I employ the rubber
covered wire gauze (such as that shown in Figure 24 22) or other suitable material
such as herein mentioned as the outer part, a, of the tyre, and an inner tube or
lining, d, to receive and hold the compressed air or other gas. This construction
of tyre may be made very light as will be plainly seen.
To connect the outer
part, a, to the rim it may have enlarged edges, such as, a', herein specified when
made of or in the form of strips or bands, or lapped under or about the rim and
cemented or otherwise suitably fastened thereto.
or
and
In lieu of having the outer part, a, and inner tube, d, separate parts, or the outer
part, inner tube, and protecting strips or envelopes e fall separate, they may
be all built up together forming one compound tyre or structure. This may be
done by cementation; or it may be done in the process of vulcanization. When
it is done in the vulcanizing process it may be effected by making the inner tube
or part, d, of pure rubber or rubber compound which will not become vulcanized
when the whole is being subjected to the vulcanizing process, that is, will keep its
soft and natural or original qualities after the outer part, a, is vulcanized. The
outer part and lining, and the strengthening or protecting strip or envelope of
textile metallic material-when employed in the part, a, of the structure, may be
put together or built up and vulcanized in any suitable manner known to or which
will he obvious to those skilled in the art of manufacturing or treating rubber or
rubber compounds. This construction of tyre, as the others above described, may
be made as complete tubes, or in sheets, strips, or bands, according to the form of
tyre required, and also to the kind or form of rim to which it is to be applied.
Instead of making the outer part, a, of tyres wholly of rubber, I may, according
to a modification, employ a compound construction of such outer part; namely, I
may make such part mainly of canvas or other textile material (made of sufficient
strength to take the stresses it has to bear), or leather or equivalent pliable material
and having on its periphery where the tyre comes in contact with the road-i.e. its
wearing surface, and at the sides if desired, a circumferential strip of rubber or
rubber compound. The edges of the textile, leather, or other material may be
secured to the rim in any of the ways the part, a, herein described is fixed, or in
any other suitable way. The edges of this material may be made thicker than
the rest or enlarged in any suitable way, as the enlarged part, a', herein described
with reference to Figure AC and others.
As regards the means or mode of keeping the tubes or bladders d in the proper
form or size, I may in lieu of using a strip, layer, or envelope of canvas or other
textile or metallic material round or outside said tubes or bladders, employ such strip,
layer, or envelope, in the rubber of said tube or bladder; that is, it may be
embedded or inserted within the rubber. This construction is shown in Figure 19 17,
the strip being designated, e¹, and represented by a dotted line.
I may here state that where I use the word rubber, I mean any suitable kind
of pure or manufactured rubber, or rubber compounds suitable for the different
purposes or conditions of its intended use.
The pressure of air that may be used within the tyres may vary according to
requirements, and according to the nature or the particular combinations of parts
or form or kind of tyre herein described, the strength thereof, the weight of the
rider, and the kind of machine to which the tyre may be applied.
Although I have shown in many cases the tyres fitted to double or hollow rims,
yet I may in most instances employ single or solid rims in combination with the
improvements in or connected with the tyres herein described.
Of course in the tyres in which compressed air or other gas is employed they
would be provided on the inner or under side or at either side with filling tubes and
valves as usual.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed it is to be understood that my
invention relates only to the herein described tyres the modes of fastening employed
being incidental and I make no claim to the modes of fastening either per se or as
part of my invention and I declare that what I claim in respect of the herein
described invention is :-
1. A velocipede or other wheel tyre formed of two parts, an outer-part-adapted
to serve as the wearing part, and an inner-part-of rubber-sponge interposed or
lying between said outer part, on the one hand, and the rim of the wheel-on the
other.
21. A velocipede or other wheel tyre formed of an outer part a and an inner
part b of rubber sponge; substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 1.
32. A velocipede or other wheel tyre formed of an outer part a and an inner
part of rubber sponge; substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 2.
4. A velocipede or other wheel tyre having an outer-rubber--part-a-and-nu-inner
rubber-core--or-rubber-sponge, the-outer-part-a-being thicker at the periphery
and thinned-down towards the-sides-and-inner part; substantially us-set-forth with
reference to Figure-8-
5. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, having an outer rubber-part-a-and an inner
rubber-core-, of rubber-sponge, and a strengthening-strip-interposed between-the
surface of the part a and the core--;-substantially as set forth-with-reference-to
Figure 4.
6. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, having diagonal strips, such as u³, con-
meeting the opposite sides of the hollow tube--also a tyre having such diagonal
strips and the intervening spaces-wholly or partially filled with rubber-sponge
substantially as set forth-with-reference-to-Figure 1^.
7 A velocipede or other wheel tyre, having internal radial strips at the-enter
part of the space within the tube-forming the tyre; substantially as set forth with
reference to Figure 1.
83. A velocipede or other wheel tyre formed from a strip or strips of rubber and
comprising an outer part of vulcanized rubber or equivalent material, and an inner
part of rubber sponge, and bent round into form or forms substantially as herein
set forth.
4. The velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of the outer vulcanized rubber
part a, and inner rubber sponge part b; as set forth with reference to Figure 3 of
the drawings.
10 5. A. velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of the outer rubber vulcanized
part a, and the inner rubber sponge part b; substantially as set forth with reference
to Figure 64.
6. A velocipede or other wheel, having a tyre of rubber or equivalent material,
and a space within said tyre, and a hollow rim, the space within such hollow rim
and the space within the tyre being in communication with each other and forming
part of an air chamber, the air (compressed or otherwise) within which is acted upon
when the wheel is running.
127. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part, an inner part
of rubber sponge, and an inner tube or bladder adapted to contain air under
pressure, substantially as set forth.
13 8. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part adapted to take
the wear and come in contact with the road, an inner tube or bladder adapted to
contain air under pressure, and a layer or strip of wire gauze interposed between
the outer part and the inner tube at the outer part of the tyre, or at the outer
part and sides, or wholly around same, by which the inner tube or bladder is
prevented from being pierced by stones, broken glass, and other things; for-the
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
14 9. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part, an inner tube or
bladder adapted to contain air under pressure, and a layer or strip of wire gauze

page_text: .
and a portion or layer of rubber sponge interposed between them, the outer part,
rubber sponge, and wire gauze being carried partially round the inner tube, or
wholly round same; substantially as set forth.
15 10. A velocipede or other wheel, having a tyre composed of the outer part a,
the rubber sponge part b, said parts being bent round into the form shewn, and the
inner bladder or tube d; constructed substantially as set forth with reference to
Figure
5.
16 11. The velocipede or other wheel, tyre consisting of the bent outer part a,
the inner tube d; and the strip between said parts by which the form of the
tube d (and the tyre) is maintained against the pressure of compressed air within
such tube, substantially as set forth with reference to Figure & 6.
12. The velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of the outer part a, having
the enlarged parts a', and an inner tube b; substantially as set forth with reference
to Figure 64.
1813. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part and an internal
rubber part, the edges of the outer part being continued towards the central plane
of the wheel, and secured therein by a metal band or bands or strips or washers on
the inside of said edges; substantially as set forth, with reference to the drawings.
10. The velocipede or other wheel tyre, compricing the outer-part-a;-and-the
rubber sponge-part-1, the edges a' of said onter-part being held-to-the-rim-c-by-the
metal bands, strips, or washers-c²; substantially as set forth with reference-to
Figures 9 and 10.
20 14. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part of vulcanized
rubber or equivalent material, and an inner tube or bladder adapted to hold air or
other gas under pressure, said outer the part being held to the rim by a meta!
band, plates, or washers lying on the inside of the edges of the outer part, and
between said edges and the internal tube, said metal band, plates, or washers being
drawn towards, and compressing said edges onto the rim; for the purposes-set forth.
substantially as set forth with reference to the drawings.
21. The velocipede-or-other-wheel-tyre, comprising the outer part a, inner-tube-d;
the outer-part-a-being-held to the rim by the internal-band plates or washers-c²
and-bolts c³-as-set forth with reference to Figure-H.
2. A veloeipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of an outer part-a; an inner
part-b-of-rubber-sponge, having a hollow-central parts-and-inflated with or contain-
ing air-under-pressure.
23 15. The velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of the outer part a, inner
rubber sponge part 6 interposed layer or strip e, as set forth with reference to
Figure 10.
24 16. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of the outer part a, inner
sponge rubber part b, and spring i; substantially as set forth with reference to
Figures 11 and 44 12 of the drawings.
17. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part a, an inner
tube d, strip or band by which the form of the tube d is preserved, and spring i,
arranged and adapted to operate substantially as set forth with reference to
Figures 15, 13 and +6 14.
18. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of an outer part, having
within it a rubber sponge portion, the outer part having projecting or feet
portions a substantially in the manner set forth with reference to Figure 4+ 15.
19. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of an outer part a, and an
inner tube or bladder d, the outer part having projecting or feet portions a' by
which, the outer part-a is contained and held to the rim; substantially as set forth
with reference to Figure 18 10.
2820. The velocipede or other wheel tyre, consisting of an outer part a having
feet a' as set forth with reference to Figure 48 16 of the drawings.
20 21. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, having projecting portions such us-a
where the tyre is divided; substantially as set forth; also the tyre consisting of the
B

page_text: part a, inner tube d, and projecting parts or feet a', one of which is divided and
adapted to be connected to the rim substantially as set forth. also that us
22. The relocipede or other wheel tyre set forth with reference to Figure 20 18.
39 23. A velocipede or other wheel tyre having an outer part a, an inner tube or
bladder d, and enlarged edges al; substantially as set forth with reference_to
Figure 1 17 of the drawings; also the particular form of the parts a¹ and rim.
and also the wedge-shaped-part-a²:
34 24. The velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising the outer part a having
enlarged edges a', and an inner tube or bladder d, the enlarged parts a' being held
in the rim between the parts c' and an internal strip plates or washers ²; substan-
tially as set forth with reference to Figure 2 19.
b
34 25. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part a, an inner
part consisting of a rubber sponge, the sponge being supported by a hollow rim c,
and the outer part a being wrapped round the outside of the rim c and the lower
ends being cemented or otherwise suitably secured thereto; substantially as set
forth with reference to Figure 23 21 of the drawings.
33 26. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part a, an inner
tube or bladder d the edges a' of the outer part a being wrapped round the outside
of the hollow rime; substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 22 20 of
the drawings.
34 27. A velocipede or other wheel tyre, comprising an outer part a, and an
inner tube or bladder d having an insertion therein of canvas, textile material, wire
gauze, or their equivalent by which its form and size is preserved and also the
prevention of puncturing or piercing it by stones, broken glass, and other things
is aided.
35 28. In a velocipede or other wheel tyre of the kind herein referred to, the
employment in connection therewith of wire gauze of the kind specified, either with or
without a covering or filling of rubber, as herein described and set forth, and also
as shown in the different figures of the drawings.
36 29. A velocipede or other wheel tyre having an outer part composed of canvas
or other textile material, leather or equivalent pliable material, and an outer strip or
layer of rubber thereon, said outer part being adapted to contain within it a rubber
tube or bladder in which air is contained under pressure, or rubber sponge or
otherwise-kert-extended by springs or springy material; substantially as described.
37 30. A velocipede or other wheel tyre composed of an outer part of vulcanized
rubber and an inner lining of pure or soft rubber forming a compound or laminated
structure, said parts being combined in the process of vulcanizing substantially as
herein described, or by cementation: also a compound tyre composed of an outer
layer or part of vulcanised rubber, a lining of pure or soft rubber, and an interposed
strip, or envelope of textile or metallic material between the outer surface of the
outer part & the lining of pure or soft rubber; substantially as described.
33 31. A velocipede or other wheel tyre comprising an outer part of metal gauze
.or other equivalent. metallic material having a covering or filling of rubber as
described, and an inner tube or lining of rubber in which compressed air is con-
tained; or an internal core of rubber sponge within said outer part; substantially
as described.
Dated the 16th day of May 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.