Improvements in Furnaces suitable for Consuming House, Trade, and other Refuse.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Jan., 1896-Accepted, 29th Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Furnaces suitable for Consuming House, Trade,
and other Refuse.
We, JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham,
Engineer, and JOHN MCCLURE CALDWELL PATON also of Bloomsgrove
Works, Nottingham, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is the construction at moderate cost and in compact
form of furnaces to which house trade and other refuse can be easily fed without
the necessity of providing inclined roadways or elevators to the feeding doors and
wherein such refuse can be effectually burned, one aim in view being to meet the
requirements of cases in which the quantity of refuse to be dealt with does not
warrant the outlay necessary for the erection of ordinary town's refuse furnaces of
the destructor or other known type.
We construct the furnace with a hearth and fire grating nearly horizontal but
by preference slightly sloping from the feed opening or from a point somewhat
below the bottom of that opening which is at the ground level at one side or end
of the furnace to the clinkering door at the other side or end of it, the ashpit
being sunk below the ordinary ground level at the clinkering side or end of the
furnace assuming the ground level to be the same at both sides or ends of the
furnace.
The hearth and main combustion chamber of the furnace are covered by an
arched reverberatory roof from the side or end in which the feed opening is
placed up to or nearly up to the side or end containing the clinkering door, a space
or spaces however being left at the clinkering door end of sufficient area to permit
the products of combustion to pass through it or them into flues or supplementary
combustion chambers above the arched roof of the main combustion chamber.
All gases and products of combustion thus have to pass over the hottest part of
the fire before passing into the flues or supplementary combustion chambers.
We in one arrangement arrange the space above the arch of the main combustion
chamber so as to divide it practically into three parts-two side flues a supple-
mentary combustion chamber along which the products of combustion first pass,
after leaving the main combustion chamber back to the feeding door end of the
furnace, and a central flue or supplementary combustion chamber into which they
next pass and from which they emerge into a chimney, preferably of iron, erected
over the top of the furnace.
In these flues the combustion of any inflammable gases which may emerge from
the main combustion chamber imperfectly burnt may be completed.
In some cases we provide suitable inlets into these Hues or supplementary
combustion chambers to permit the entrance of fresh air should the quantity of
oxygen present in the gases passing out of the main combustion chamber be
nsufficient to complete the combustion of any partially burnt gases and in some
cases we admit a jet or jets of ordinary towns or other gas and air and light these
ets so as to provide means for igniting any partially burnt gases which have had
be requisite amount of fresh air added to them or these gas jets may be used to
aise the temperature of the products of combustion should this be desired.

page_text: We also provide the flues or supplementary combustion chambers with suitable
peep holes or dust boxes which allow them to be readily inspected and permit dust
to be easily removed from them.
In some cases instead of providing each furnace with its own chimney we conduct
the products of combustion from two or more furnaces to a common chimney and
in such cases we provide such dampers as may be necessary for cutting off cach
furnace from the chimney when it is desired to work one or more of the furnaces
connected with the chimney while some other or others of them are not working.
In some cases instead of arranging a single set or tier of flues or supplementary
combustion chambers above the main combustion chamber we arrange two sets
or tiers one set or tier immediately above the main combustion chamber and
the second set or tier above the first. In this arrangement the gases after
passing through the first or lower tier of flues or supplementary combustion
chambers traverse the second or upper tier before they escape to the chimney.
We thus increase the capacity of the combustion space, also the distance the
products have to travel, and the area of heated wall with which they come in
contact, thereby adding materially to the efficiency of the apparatus as a means of
ensuring effectual combustion. The effect of this arrangement is to give a longer
time for the complete combustion of the gases and also to equalise in the temperature
of the escaping gases, since the walls of these flues or supplementary combustion
chambers become heated to nearly the average temperature of the gases traversing
them.
It is obvious that the gases may if circumstances permit, be made use of for
raising steam or doing other work before passing to the chimney, and also that
though the furnaces have been described as working with chimney draught they
can alternatively be worked with artificial draught produced in any well known way
as for example by means of steam jets or fans or other blowers or any such means
may be used to aid the chimney.
As will be evident furnaces according to this invention as, above set forth, may
be variously constructed. As examples some convenient arrangements are indicated
in the accompanying illustrative drawings.
In that shown by Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive there is above the main combustion
chamber a one tier of flues constituting supplementary combustion chambers bb
and the products ascending by the opening a passing thence through lateral
openings into the flues bb and thence into the Hue and away by the chimney d.
Fig. 5 illustrates in plan an arrangement whereby the products of combustion
from several furnaces A can be conducted to a common chimney d.
C
An arrangement in which there are two tiers of flues or supplementary combustion
chambers is shown by Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive the parts so far as they correspond to
parts in Figs. 1 to 4 being similarly lettered. The products pass from the main
combustion chamber a into flue c, thence into flues thence up into flues ee thence
by flue to the chimney d but this course might obviously be modified.
A furnace according to our invention may be constructed of such dimensions
that whilst capable of burning a large amount of refuse an attendant will be able
to reach as far as necessary to move the refuse forward over the hearth on to the
bars and also to withdraw the cliuker.
Dnted this and 100

page_text: Improvements in Furnaces suitable for Consuming House, Trade,
and other Refuse.
We, JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of Bloomsgrove Works, Nottingham, Engineer,
and JOHN MCCLURE CALDWELL PATON, also of Bloomsgrove Works. Nottingham,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The object of our invention is the construction at moderate cost and in compact
form of furnaces to which house, trade, and other refuse can be easily fed without
the necessity of providing inclined roadways or elevators to the feeding doors, and
wherein such refuse can be effectually burned, one aim in view being to meet the
requirements of cases in which the quantity of refuse to be dealt with does not
warrant the outlay necessary for the erection of ordinary town's refuse furnaces of
the destructor or other known type.
We construct the furnace with a solid hearth and fire grate nearly horizontal but
by preference slightly sloping from the feed opening or from a point somewhat
below the bottom of that opening, which is at the ground level at one side or end
of the furnace, to the clinkering door at the other side or end of it, the ashpit
being sunk below the ordinary ground level at the clinkering side or end of the
furnace, assuming the ground level to be the same at both sides or ends of the
furnace.
The hearth and main combustion chamber of the furnace are covered by an
arched reverberatory roof extending from the side or end in which the feed
opening is placed, up to or nearly up to the side or end containing the clinkering
door, a space or spaces, however, being left at the clinkering-door end of sufficient
area to permit the products of combustion to pass through it or them into flues or
supplementary combustion chambers above the arched roof of the main combustion
chamber. All gases and products of combustion thus have to pass over the
hottest part of the fire before passing into the flues or supplementary combustion
chambers.
In one arrangement we arrange the space above the arch of the main combustion
chamber so as to divide it practically into three parts-two side flues or supple-
mentary combustion chambers along which the products of combustion first pass,
after leaving the main combustion chamber, back to the feeding-door end of the
furnace, and a central flue or supplementary combustion chamber into which they
next pass and from which they emerge into a chimney, preferably of iron, erected
over the top of the furnace.
In these flues the combustion of any inflammable gases, which may emerge from
the main combustion chamber imperfectly burnt, may be completed.
In some cases we provide suitable inlets into these flues or supplementary
combustion chambers to permit the entrance of fresh air should the quantity of
oxygen present in the gases passing out of the main combustion chamber be
insufficient to complete the combustion of any partially burnt gases; and in some
cases we admit a jet or jets of ordinary town's or other gas and air and light these
jets so as to provide means for igniting any partially burnt gases which have had
the requisite amount of fresh air added to them; or these gas jets may be used to
raise the temperature of the products of combustion should this be desired.
We also provide the flues or supplementary combustion chambers with suitable
peep holes or dust boxes which allow them to be readily inspected and permit dust
to be easily removed from them.
In some cases, instead of providing each furnace with its own chimney, we
conduct the products of combustion from two or more furnaces to a common
chimney, and in such cases we provide such dampers as may be necessary for

page_text: cutting off each furnace from the chimney when it is desired to work one or more
of the furnaces connected with the chimney while some other or others of them are
not working.
In some cases, instead of arranging a single set or tier of flues or supplementary
combustion chambers above the main combustion chamber, we arrange two sets or
tiers, one set or tier being immediately above the main combustion chamber, and
the second set or tier above the first. In this arrangement the gases, after passing
through the first or lower tier of flues or supplementary combustion chambers,
traverse the second or upper tier before they escape to the chimney. We thus
increase the capacity of the combustion space, also the distance the products have
to travel, and the area of heated wall with which they come in contact, thereby
adding materially to the efficiency of the apparatus as a means of ensuring effectual
combustion. The effect of this arrangement is to give a longer time for the complete
combustion of the gases and also to equalize the temperature of the escaping gases,
since the walls of these flues or supplementary combustion chambers become heated
nearly to the average temperature of the gases traversing them.
It is obvious that the gases may, if circumstances permit, be made use of for
raising steam or doing other work before passing to the chimney, and also that
though the furnaces have been described as working with chimney draught they
can alternatively be worked with artificial draught produced in any well known
way, as for example, by means of steam jets or fans or other blowers-or any such
means may be used to aid the chimney.
As will be evident, furnaces according to this invention, as above set forth, may
be variously constructed. As examples, some convenient arrangements are repre-
sented in the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification.
In these drawings,
Fig. is a vertical longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a horizontal section, Fig. 3 a
cross section, and Fig. 4 an end elevation showing a construction of furnace in
which there is above the main combustion chamber a one tier of flues constituting
supplementary combustion chambers bb and c, the products ascending by the
opening a¹ and passing thence through lateral openings into the side flues bb, and
thence into the central flue c and away by the chimney d.
Fig. 5 illustrates in plan an arrangement whereby the products of combustion
from several furnaces A can be conducted to a common chimney d.
An arrangement in which there are two tiers of flues or supplementary
combustion chambers is shown by Figs. 6 to 9 inclusive, which are corresponding
views to Figs. 1 to 4 respectively and in which the parts so far as they correspond
to parts in Figs. 1 to 4 are similarly lettered. The products pass from the main
combustion chamber a into the central flue c, thence into the side flues b, thence up
into the side flues e e, and thence by the central flue f to the chimney d; but this
course might obviously be modified.
The dotted lines extending from the right hand of the furnace shown in
Figs. 1, 2, 6 and 7 into the flues, represent in each case pipes by which fresh air,
or jets of ordinary town's or other combustible gas and air can be introduced into
the flues for the purposes hereinbefore explained. Each of the flues is also shown
at the opposite end, the left hand end in Figs. 1 and 6, as provided with peep holes
or dust boxes hereinbefore explained, these holes or dust boxes being normally
closed by hanging flap doors.
A furnace according to our invention may be constructed of such dimensions
that, whilst it will be capable of burning a large amount of refuse, an attendant
will be able to reach as far as necessary to move the refuse forward over the hearth
on to the bars and also to withdraw the clinker.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A furnace suitable for consuming house, trade and other refuse, constructed

page_text: with a main combustion chamber having a hearth and fire grate at the bottom, a
feeding opening at the hearth end, a clinkering door at the grate end and covered
by an arched reverberatory roof in which or between which and the side or end of
the furnace containing the clinkering door is or are one or more spaces or passages
leading to flues or supplementary combustion chambers located above the roof of
the main combustion chamber, the arrangement being such that all the gases and
products of combustion have to pass over the hottest part of the fire before passing
into the flues or supplementary combustion chambers, and that in these flues or
chambers the combustion may be completed of any inflammable gases passing from
the main combustion chamber imperfectly burnt, substantially as described.
2. Our improved furnaces suitable for consuming house, trade and other refuse,
constructed, arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore respectively
described with reference to aud shown in Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, and in Figs. 6 to 9
inclusive of the drawings herein referred to.
Dated this 23rd day of January 189
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.