Improvements in connection with Hydraulic Cylinders and Valves for the same.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Nov.,
1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Aug., 1895-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Hydraulic Cylinders and Valves
for the same.
Wo CHARLES SCRIVEN and JAMES SCRIVEN both of The Leeds Old Foundry
Marsh Lane Leeds in the County of York Mechanical Engineers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention refers to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
valves for hydraulic cylinders, such as are used for presses, cranes, shearing,
forging, flanging, bending, straightening, and other machines.
In such machines the cylinder is usually provided with a piston having a
proportionately thick piston rod, so that whilst the pressure on the full arca of the
piston may be used for a high power, yet if the rod side of the piston be placed
also in communication with the accumulator, a lower power due to the difference in
area of the two sides of the pistou may be employed.
For the purpose of reducing the amount of water used to draw back the piston
after doing its work, we propose to provided a smaller cylinder and to attach the
piston rod of the same to the main piston, i.e. the piston of the hydraulic cylinder.
Or by forming a small cylinder in the piston-rod-end cover of the main cylinder,
and connecting the ram or piston of the same with the piston or piston rod of the
main cylinder, the same purpose may be effected.
The hydraulic valves for admitting and releasing or exhausting the water to &
from the main cylinder, are formed with an inner and an outer portion; the outer
portion having the enlarged part or head placed downwards reating upon the valve
seat so that the water pressure tends to keep the valve pressed on to the seat.
This outer valve has a cylindrical passage formed through it, the upper end forming
a valve seat for the inner valve, the head of which is formed at the top. The
stem is either of smaller diameter than the passage, or is fluted, so that when the
inner valve is lifted slightly from its seat, the water finds passage down the centre of
the outer valve, so that the force necessary to lift the outer valve is reduced, owing
to the partial balancing of the water pressure on both sides of the valve. The
lifting of the outer valve gives the requisite area for the passage of the water to
work the machine at the proper speed.
The valve case or box is provided with seats for four valves arranged, (as
seen in plan), towards the four corners of the valve box; the valves are so
arranged when no auxiliary draw back cylinder is used, that the two inlet
valves are towards opposite ends of one diagonal, whilst the two exhaust valves are
towards opposite ends of the other diagonal.
The two inlet valves are connected by an inlet passage, passing diagonally
across the box at its upper part; an enlarged bent continuation of which passage
forms the inlet branch for the attachment of the pipe from the accumulator. The
space immediately beneath the inlet valve farthest from the accumulator branch is
provided with a short branch for a connection to the top end of the hydraulic
cylinder; whilst the space immediately beneath the inlet valve nearest the
accumulator branch is provided with a branch for connection to the bottom of the
hydraulic cylinder. The two outlet valves are connected by an outlet passage
passing diagonally across the valve box at its lower part, a continuation of which
forms the ontlet or exhaust branch.

page_text: Beneath each valve spindle is provided a lifting spindle, passing through its own
stuffing box in the underside of the valve box. These lifting spindles are connected
two and two to opposite sides of two short straight double armed levers, (i.e. onc
inlet and one exhaust valve lifting spindle at opposite ends of each of the levers.
These levers are mounted the one ou a horizontal spindle and the other on a loose
sleeve on the same spindle. The end of the horizontal shaft is provided with a
band lever, which lies close against a triangular plate or bracket. mounted on the
end of the just mentioned sleeve. By means of a locking pin passed through a hole
in the hand lever and through a hole in the sleeve bracket, both said levers may be
actuated simultaneously by the hand, lifting say the inlet valve to the top of the
bydraulic cylinder and the exhaust valve to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder
and keeping the other pair of inlet and exhaust valves closed; or lifting the inlet
to the bottoin of the hydraulic cylinder and the exhaust to the top of the hydraulic
cylinder, keeping the first pair of inlet and exhaust valves closed. This arrange-
ment works the hydraulic cylinder at the full power. By taking out the locking
pin from the hand lever and inserting it through a second hole in the sleeve plate
and into a bolt hole in the valve box casting, the inlet to the bottom end of the
hydraulic cylinder may be kept constantly open to the accumulator, and the outlet
is kept constantly closed; whilst the other pair of inlet and exhaust valves are
worked by hand, in which case the hydraulic cylinder is worked at the lower
power.
It will be seen that our invention dispenses with the necessity for balance weights
to assist the opening of the valves, and only one hand lever is required for working
at either the higher or lower power.
In connection with the use of an auxiliary cylinder as first above mentioned for
drawing back the main piston, by means of a different arrangement of the valves,
(ns seco in plan), a saving of water may be effected by drawing water for the
underside of the main pistou from the exhaust at the top side of the piston, which
on the reverse stroke is forced back into the accumulator. Such an arrangement
of the valves consists in placing the two inlet valves to one side of the horizontal
spindle or shaft and the two exhaust valves to the other side of the same, instead
of being placed diagonally, so that the passages joining the two inlet valves and
the two outlet valves, at the top and bottom of the box respectively, run parallel
to the horizontal shaft.
Dated this 1st day of November 1894.
J. CLARK JEFFERSON,
2 East Parade, Leeds, Agent for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Hydraulic Cylinders and Valves
for the same.
We CHARLES SCRIVEN and JAMES SCRIVEN both of The Leeds Old Foundry
Marsh Lane Leeds in the County of York, Mechanical Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
Our invention refers to improvements in the construction and arrangenient of
valves for hydraulic cylinders, such as are used for presses, cranes, shearing,
forging, flanging, bending, straightening, and other machines.
In such machines the cylinder is usually provided with a piston having a propor-
tionately thick piston rod, so that whilst the pressure on the full area of the piston

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Aug., 1895-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in connection with Hydraulic Cylinders and Valves
for the same.
We CHARLES SCRIVEN and JAMES SCRIVEN both of The Leeds Old Foundry
Marsh Lane Leeds in the County of York Mechanical Engineers do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention refers to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
valves for hydraulic cylinders, such as are used for presses, craues, shearing,
forging, flanging, bending, straightening, and other machines.
In such machines the cylinder is usually provided with a piston having a
proportionately thick piston rod, so that whilst the pressure on the full area of the
piston may be used for a high power, yet if the rod side of the piston be placed
also in communication with the accumulator, a lower power due to the difference in
area of the two sides of the piston may be employed.
For the purpose of reducing the amount of water used to draw back the piston
after doing its work, we propose to provided a smaller cylinder and to attach the
piston rod of the same to the main piston, i.e. tho piston of the hydraulic cylinder.
Or by forming a small evlinder in the piston-rod-end cover of the main cylinder,
and connecting the rau piston of the same with the piston or piston rod of the
main cylinder, the same purpose may be effected.
The hydraulic valves for admitting and releasing or exhausting the water to &
from the main cylinder, are formed with an inner and an outer portion; the outer
portion having the enlarged part or head placed downwards resting upon the valve
seat so that the water pressure tends to keep the valve pressed on to the seat.
This outer valve has a cylindrical passage formed through it, the upper end forming
a valve seat for the inner valve, the head of which is formed at the top. The
stem is either of smaller diameter than the passage, or is fluted, so that when the
inner valve is lifted slightly from its seat, the water finds passage down the centre of
the outer valve, so that the force necessary to lift the outer valve is reduced, owing
to the partial balancing of the water pressure on both sides of the valve. The
lifting of the outer valve gives the requisite area for the passage of the water to
work the machine at the proper speed.
The valve case or box is provided with seats for four valves arranged, (as
seen in plan), towards the four corners of the valve box; the valves are so
arranged when no auxiliary draw back cylinder is used, that the two inlet
valves are towards opposite ends of one diagonal, whilst the two exhaust valves are
towards opposite ends of the other diagonal.
The two inlet valves are connected by an inlet passage, passing diagonally
across the box at its upper part; an enlarged bent continuation of which passage
forms the inlet branch for the attachment of the pipe from the accumulator. The
space immediately beneath the inlet valve farthest from the accumulator branch is
provided with a short branch for a connection to the top end of the hydraulic
cylinder; whilst the space immediately beneath the inlet valve nearest the
accumulator branch is provided with a branch for connection to the bottom of the
hydraulic cylinder. The two ontlet valves are connected by an outlet passage
passing diagonally across the valve box at its lower part, a continuation of which
forms the outlet or exhaust branch.

page_text: Beneath each valve spindle is provided a lifting spindle, passing through its own
stufling box in the underside of the valve box. These lifting spindles are connected
two and two to opposite sides of two short straight double armed levers, (i.e. one
inlet and one exhaust valve lifting spindlo at opposite ends of each of the levers.
These levers are mounted the one on a horizontal spindle and the other on a loose
sleeve on the same spindle. The end of the horizontal shaft is provided with a
hand lever, which lies close against a triangular plate or bracket mounted on the
end of the just mentioned sleeve. By means of a locking pin passed through a hole
in the hand lever and through a hole in the sleeve bracket, both said levers may be
actuated simultaneously by the hand, lifting say the inlet valve to the top of the
hydraulic cylinder and the exhaust valve to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder
and keeping the other pair of inlet and exhaust valves closed; or lifting the inlet
to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder and the exhaust to the top of the hydraulic
cylinder, keeping the first pair of inlet and exhaust valves closed. This arrange-
ment works the hydraulic cylinder at the full power. By taking out the locking
pin from the hand lever and inserting it through a second hole in the sleeve plate
and into a bolt hole in the valve box casting, the inlet to the bottom end of the
hydraulic cylinder may be kept constantly open to the accumulator, and the outlet
is kept constantly closed; whilst the other pair of inlet and exhaust valves are
worked by hand, in which case the hydraulic cylinder is worked at the lower
power.
It will be seen that our invention dispenses with the necessity for balance weights
to assist the opening of the valves, and only one hand lever is required for working
at either the higher or lower power.
In connection with the use of an auxiliary cylinder as first above mentioned for
drawing back the main piston, by means of a different arrangement of the valves,
(as seen in plan), a saving of water may be effected by drawing water for the
underside of the main piston from the exhaust at the top side of the piston, which
on the reverse stroke is forced back into the accumulator. Such an arrangement
of the valves consists in placing the two inlet valves to one side of the horizontal
spindle or shaft and the two exhaust valves to the other side of the same, instead
of being placed diagonally, so that the passages joining the two inlet valves and
the two outlet valves, at the top and bottom of the box respectively, run parallel
to the horizontal shaft.
Dated this 1st day of November 1894.
J. CLARK JEFFERSON,
2 East Parade, Leeds, Agent for Applicants.
Improvements in connection with Hydraulic Cylinders and Valves
for the same.
We CHARLES SCRIVEN and JAMES SCRIVEN both of The Leeds Old Foundry
Marsh Lane Leeds in the County of York, Mechanical Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what mannor the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :--
Our invention refers to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
valves for hydraulic cylinders, such as are used for presses, craves, shearing,
forging, flanging, bending, straightening, and other machines.
In such machines the cylinder is usually provided with a piston having a propor-
tionately thick piston rod, so that whilst the pressure on the full area of the piston

page_text: may be used for a high power, yet if the rod side of the piston be placed also in
communication with the accumulator, a lower power due to the difference in area of
the two sides of the piston may be employed.
For the purpose of reducing the amount of water used to draw back the piston
after doing its work, we provide a smaller cylinder, nud attach the piston rod of
the same to the main piston, i.e. the piston of the hydraulic cylinder. Or by
forming a small cylinder in the piston rod and cover of the main cylinder, and
connecting the ram or piston of the same with the piston or piston rod of the
main cylinder, the same object may be attained.
The hydraulic valves for admitting and releasing or exhausting the water to and
from the main cylinder are formed with an inner and an outer portion, the outer
portion having the enlarged part or head placed downwards resting upon the valve
sent; so that the water pressure tends to keep the valve pressed on to the seat.
This outer valve has a cylindrical passage formed through it, the upper cnd forming
a valve seat; so that the water pressure tends to keep the valve pressed on to the
seat. This outer valve has a cylindrical passage formed through it, the upper end
forming a valve seat for the inner valve, the head of which is formed at the top.
The stem is either of smaller diameter than the passage or is fluted, so that when
the inner valve is lifted slightly from its seat, the water finds passage down the
centre of the outer valve, so that the force necessary to lift the outer valve is
reduced, owing to the partial balancing of the water pressure on both sides of the
valve. The lifting of the outer valve gives the requisite area for the passage of
the water to work the machine at the proper speed.
The valve case or box is provided with seats for four valves arranged towards
the four corners of the valve box; the valves are so arranged when no auxiliary
draw back cylinder is used, that the two inlet valves are towards opposite ends of
one diagonal, whilst the two exhaust valves are towards opposite ends of the other
diagonal.
The two inlet valves are connected by an inlet passage, passing diagonally across
the box at its upper part; a bent continuation of which passage forms the inlet
branch for the attachment of the pipe from the accumulator. The space
immediately beneath the inlet valve farthest from the accumulator branch is
provided with a short branch for a connection to the top end of the hydraulic
cylinder; whilst the space immediately beneath the inlet valve nearest the
accumulator branch is provided with a branch for connection to the bottom of the
hydraulic cylinder. The two outlet valves are connected by an outlet passage
passing dingonally across the valve box at its lower part, a continuation of which
Forins the ontlet or exhaust brauch.
Beneath each valve spindle is provided a lifting spindle, passing through its
own stuffing box in the underside of the valve box. These lifting spindles are
connected two and two to opposite sides of two straight double armed levers, (i.e. one
inlet and one exhaust valve lifting spindle at opposite ends of each of the levers.
These levers are mounted, the one on a horizontal spindle, and the other on a loose
sleeve on the same spindle. The end of the horizontal shaft is provided with a
hand lever, which lies close against a triangular plate or bracket mounted on the
end of the just mentioned sleeve. By means of a locking pin passed through a
hole in the hand lever and through a hole in the sleeve bracket, both said levers
may be actuated simultaneously by the hand lifting lever; say the inlet valve to
the top of the bydraulic cylinder and the exhaust valve to the bottom of the
hydraulic cylinder, and keeping the other pair of inlet and exhaust valves closed;
or lifting the inlet to the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder and the exhaust to the
top of the hydraulic cylinder, and keeping the first pair of inlet and exhaust valves
closed. This arrangement works the hydraulic cylinder at the full power. Br
taking out the locking pin from the hand lever and inserting it through a second.
hole in the sleeve plate and into a bolt hole in the valve box casting the inlet to
the bottom end of the hydraulic cylinder may be kept constantly open to the
accumulator, and the outlet is kept constantly closed; whilst the other pair of

page_text: The pipe 1 Figs. 8 and 9 is connected to the branch & Figs. 2 to 4, and the
pipe 2 Figs. 8 and 9 to the branch ƒ Figs. 2 to 4.
In Fig. 9, 3 is the auxiliary cylinder, and 4 is the auxiliary piston, which is
connected to the main piston 5. The pipe 6 at the lower end of the auxiliary
cylinder keeps the same constantly in comminunication with the accumulator.
D
Referring to Figs. 1 to 4, when the locking pin is inserted through the hole in
the hand lever and the hole in the sleeve bracket p, both levers m and n are
actuated simultaneously, so that when the lever o is moved to the right, as indicated
by the arrow in Fig. 1, the inlet valve 1' is raised admitting water to the top of
the main cylinder, the exhaust valve E is raised allowing the water to exhaust
from the bottom of the cylinder, whilst the inlet valve is closed shutting off
the accumulator water from the bottom of the main cylinder aud the outlet
valve E is closed shutting off communication between the top of the cylinder and
the exhaust branch g. When the lever o is moved to the left, the inlet valvois
raised admitting water from the accumulator to the bottom of the main cylinder,
and the outlet valve E' is raised, allowing the water in the top of the cylinder to
escape into the exhaust branch 9, whilst the inlet valve 1 is closed, shutting off
communication between the accumulator and the top of the cylinder, and the
outlet valve E is closed closing the communication between the bottom of the
cylinder and the exhaust branch y. By these means, the cylinder is worked with
full power.
When the locking pin is taken out of the pin hole in the lever o and the hole?
in the sleeve, and is inserted through the hole in the sleeve and the pin hole v in
the valve box casting; the sleeve bracket and consequently the lever n are
locked in such n position, that the inlet valve is kept constantly open, placing
the bottom of the cylinder in constant communication with the accumulator, and the
outlet valve E' is kept constantly closed keeping the water of the cylinder con-
stantly shut off from communication with the exhaust branch g. When the lever o
therefore is moved, only the inlet and outlet valves I' and E' are operated and the
machine works at the lower power, the water on the underside of the piston flowing
from and to the accumulator on the up and down strokes respectively, thus reducing
the consumption of water when the press is worked at the lower power.
Referring to Figs. 7 and 9, when the locking piu q is inserted through the lever o
and the hole in the sleeve bracket, so that both levers m and n are moved together
by the lever o; when the lever is moved to the right as viewed in Fig. 7, then both
inlet valves I and I are opened, and both outlet valves E' and E' are closed, and
the main piston is forced down by the difference in pressure due to the difference in
area on the top and bottom sides of the piston. On moving the lever o to tho left,
closing both inlet valves 1' and I and opening both exhaust valves E' and E the
main piston is forced back, i.e. raised, by the piston 4 of the auxiliary cylinder 3,
and part of the water from the top of the main cylinder flows from the pipe 1,
through the valves E¹ and E² and the pipe 2 to the bottom of the main cylinder,
the surplus escaping through the exhaust branch g. In this manner the press
cylinder is worked at the lower pressure power, and the saving of water as above
mentioned by drawing water for the underside of the main cylinder froin the top
side is effected.
On taking out the locking pin y from the hand lever o and inserting it through
the hole u in the sleeve bracket and into the pin hole v, then the inlet valve 11 to
the bottom of the main cylinder is permanently closed and the outlet valve E'
to the bottom permanently opened, and on turning the lever o to the right hand the
inlet valve I' to the top of the main cylinder is opened and the outlet valve E also
to the top of the main cylinder is closed, the former admitting water from the
accumulator to the top of the main cylinder and water from the bottom escapes
through the outlet valve E' to the exhaust branch g. On moving the lever o to
the left, the inlet valve I to the top of the main cylinder is closed and the ontlet
valve E is opened, and the auxiliary piston 4 raises the main piston 5; the water
on the top side of the piston passes through the pipe 1 and the outlet valve E' and

page_text: a portion is drawn by the vacuum on the underside of the main piston through the
valve E (both outlet valves being open) to the underside of the main piston, the
surplus escaping through the exhaust branch g. On the next down stroke of
the main piston, the water in the bottom of the main cylinder escapes through the
exhaust branch g. In this manner the press is worked at the full power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In connection with hydraulic presses the construction of valve box or
arrangement of valves and passages substantially as herein set forth and illustrated
in Figs. 1 to 4.
2. In connection with hydraulic presses provided with an auxiliary cylinder and
piston or ram, the construction of valve box or arrangement of valves and passages
substantially as herein set forth and illustrated in Fig. 7.
3. In connection with hydraulic prosses provided with two inlet and two outlet
valves the combination of a shaft carrying a double armed lever and a loose sleeve
the former being keyed or otherwise secured to said shaft the latter carrying a
second double armed lever said levers being connected at the ends respectively to
the valvo spindles whereby all four or only two of the valve spindles may be
operated by the movement of said shaft.
4. In combination with the subject matter of Claim 3 the arrangement of anes
ting lever elcevo bracket and locking pin and pin holes s--"
set forth.
y as nerein
5. In connection with hydraulic presses, the combination of the arrangement of
valves illustrated in section by Figs. 4 and 7 with means for operating the same
illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 substantially as and for the purpose or purposes
specified.
Dated 11
1005