IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING, SCREWING, AND DRILLING MACHINES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wilson Hulse, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING,
SCREWING, AND DRILLING MACHINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wilson Hulse at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1880.
WILLIAM WILSON HULSE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING, SCREWING, AND DRILLING MACHINES."
This Invention relates firstly, to machines in which cutters which converge
toward a central axis for the purpose of turning or screwing, and which may
when cutting either rotate about the central axis or remain stationary (according to
whether the work does not or does revolve), are simultaneously withdrawn from
the cutting position and simultaneously restored to it again; and, secondly, to
apparatus to be used in conjunction with such machines or with turning or drilling
machines, whereby the relation of the progressive movement or advance of the
cutting tool or tools, or of the work, to the speed of rotation may be regulated and
varied so as to suit different speeds of turning, pitches of screws, and rates of
progression, without employing change wheels within the limits for which the
apparatus is designed.
One arrangement according to my Invention is as follows:-
A hollow mandrel furnished at the front end with a projecting disc and enlarged
part or collar (the latter serving as a journal) is mounted in bearings in which it
revolves in a suitable headstock. Two or more cutter holders are pivotted on the
disc on studs whose axes are parallel to that of the hollow mandrel (hereinafter
called the central axis) and which are situated equiangularly around this axis and
equidistantly from it. A cutter is fixed in each cutter holder so that when the
latter is acted upon as hereinafter described the operating edge of the cutter is
moved either towards the central axis or away from it. A recess or slot in each
cutter holder (situated away from the stud on which the latter is mounted) receives
an excentric end formed or secured upon one end of a spindle which passes through
and has a bearing in the disc and journal collar of the mandrel, with the axis of

page_text: which it is parallel; each spindle extends for a suitable distance alongside the
mandril, and this extended part is provided with spiral grooves or keys. The
several spindles are placed beyond the hole in the mandril, and rotate together
with it and the face plate about the central axis. Between the front and back
bearings of headstock the mandril is of smaller diameter than the journal, and
on this part a ring with a circular groove similar to a clutch is fitted, so as to
revolve with and slide longitudinally on the mandril. This ring is of sufficient
thickness between the exterior of the mandril and the bottom of the groove to
receive, and is provided with, fixed nuts which have spiral grooves or keys
corresponding with those on the several spindles respectively. The ring by means
of a forked lever may be traversed to and fro along the mandril, and carrying the
fixed nuts will cause a rotary movement of the spindles, which, by their excentric
ends, will actuate the cutter holders so as to move the cutters to or from the work
simultaneously. An adjustable stop is connected with the apparatus, by which the
sliding movement of the ring and fixed nuts and the rotary ¡motion of the
excentrics may be regulated, and the cutters adjusted simultaneously to the work
under operation. It may be convenient to modify this arrangement by making
the several spindles hollow, each forming a rotative nut with spirally grooved
interior and an excentric end. The spindles with their spiral grooves or keys in
this case would be fixed to and travel with the clutch, and would project beyond
Bo as to screw into the hollow spindles, and cause them and their excentrics to
turn round when the ring was moved longitudinally, and thus actuate the tool-
holders so as to move the cutters simultaneously to or from the work under
operation.
The several tool or cutter holders instead of being pivotted may be mounted
radially or nearly so in the disc as straight slides, and be operated upon by the
excentrics, respectively and simultaneously in the same manner as described for the
pivotted tool or cutter holders.
The work is held in a suitable chuck concentrically with the central axis, and
may be moved to and from or through the hollow mandril. The chuck is provided
with a hollow stem or slide (into and through which the work can be passed),
which is made to traverse longitudinally parallel with the central axis in a suitable
guide fixed to the bed, to which the headstock is also secured. In order to impart
a sliding motion to the chuck, the hollow stem or slide is provided with a pivotting
block or roller which enters a groove or slot in a swivel-table, and may be readily
removed therefrom and again re-entered therein. The swivel table is centred upon
a moveable slide with the swivelling axis at right angles to the central one, and
the moving slide moves in a guide secured upon the bed at right angles to the
central axis in a suitable plane, and is traversed in one direction by means of a
nut or part of a nut fixed thereto, and a screw rotated in the guide by means of a
shaft and toothed gearing in connection with it and the mandril. While the
moveable slide is being traversed as just described, an adjustable stop on the slide
comes in contact at the right moment with a detent so as to cause to be set in
motion either a balance weight or weights, or a loaded spring or springs, which by
suitable mechanism produce the following results in consecutive order :-
1st. A movement of the forked lever or bar so as (by the apparatus already
described) to move the operating edges of the cutter simultaneously away from the
central axis.
2nd. A disengagement of the nut or part of a nut from the screw.
3rd. A reversal of the motion of the slide, arrested by a stop when it has again
reached the starting place. The balance weights or springs then come to rest, and.
on being restored to their positions manually, the cutting edges of the cutters,
the nut or part of a nut, and the detent are moved back into the original positions.
These movements may also be produced either wholly or in part by manual
operation. The grooved swivelling table can be adjusted about its axis to any
angle with, and be clamped firmly to, the slide which carries it. When the groove;

page_text: is parallel with the slide and screw it is obvious that no motion is communicated
to the chuck by the traversing of the slide. But if the groove be inclined to the
said slide and screw (at a less angle of inclination than that which would cause
undue friction of the surfaces in contact), the traversing of the slide will
communicate a longitudinal movement to the chuck varying directly with the tangent
of the angle of inclination. Hence the relation of the progressive movement or
advance of the work to the speed of rotation of the cutters may be regulated and
varied so as to suit different speeds of turning, pitches of screws, and rates of
progression, without employing change wheels within the limits for which the
apparatus is designed.
The herein described apparatus for traversing the work may (subject to slight
modifications) be employed in conjunction with turning or drilling machines as a
feed or traversing motion, and for this purpose may be constructed so as to
traverse either the work or the operating cutter or cutters as may be most suitable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Wilson Hulse in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
May 1881.
66
WILLIAM WILSON HULSE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURNING, SCREWING, AND DRILLING MACHINES."
This Invention relates, firstly, to machines in which cutters which converge
toward a central axis for the purpose of turning or screwing, and which may,
when cutting, either rotate about the central axis or remain stationary (according
to whether the work does not or does revolve), are simultaneously withdrawn from
the cutting position and simultaneously restored to it again; and, secondly, to
apparatus to be used in conjunction with such machines, or with turning or
drilling machines, whereby the relation of the progressive movement or advance of
the cutting tool or tools, or of the work to the speed of rotation, may be regulated
and varied so as to suit different speeds of turning, pitches of screws, and rates of
progression, without employing change wheels, within the limits for which the
apparatus is designed.
One arrangement according to my Invention is as follows:-
A hollow mandrel furnished at the front end with a projecting disc and enlarged
part or collar (the latter serving as a journal) is mounted in bearings, in which it
revolves in a suitable headstock. Two or more cutter holders are pivotted on the
disc, on studs whose axes are parallel to that of the hollow mandrel (hereinafter
called the central axis), and which are situated equiangularly around this axis and
equidistantly from it. A cutter is fixed in each cutter holder so that when
the latter is acted upon, as hereinafter described, the operating edge of the cutter
is moved either towards the central axis or away from it. A recess or slot in each

page_text: cutter holder (situated away from the stud on which the latter is mounted) receives
an eccentric end formed or secured upon one end of a spindle, which passes through
and has a bearing in the disc and journal collar of the mandrel, with the axis of
which it is parallel. Each spindle extends for a suitable distance alongside the
mandrel, and this extended part is provided with spiral grooves or keys. The
several spindles are placed beyond the hole in the mandrel and rotate together with
it and the face plate about the central axis. Between the front and back bearings
of head stock the mandrel is of smaller diameter than the journal, and on this part
a ring with a circular groove, similar to a clutch, is fitted, so as to revolve with
and slide longitudinally on the mandrel.
This ring is of sufficient thickness between the exterior of the mandrel and the
bottom of the groove to receive, and is provided with fixed nuts which have spiral
grooves or keys corresponding with those on the several spindles respectively. The
ring, by means of a forked lever, may be traversed to and fro along the mandrel,
and carrying the fixed nuts will cause a rotary movement of the spindles, which,
by their eccentric ends, will actuate the cutter holders so as to move the cutters
to or from the work simultaneously. An adjustable stop is connected with the
apparatus, by which the sliding movement of the ring and fixed nuts, and the
rotary motion of the eccentrics, may be regulated, and the cutters adjusted
simultaneously to the work under operation. It may be convenient to modify this
arrangement by making the several spindles hollow, each forming a rotative nut
with spirally grooved interior and an eccentric end. The spindles with their spiral
grooves or keys, in this case, would be fixed to and travel with the clutch, and
would project beyond so as to screw into the hollow spindles, and cause them and
their eccentrics to turn round when the ring was moved longitudinally, and thus
actuate the tool holders so as to move the cutters simultaneously to or from the
work under operation.
The several tool or cutter holders, instead of being pivotted, may be mounted
radially or nearly so in the disc as straight slides, and be operated upon by the
eccentrics respectively and simultaneously in the same manner as described for the
pivotted tool or cutter holders.
The work is held in a suitable chuck concentrically with the central axis, and
may be moved to and from or through the hollow mandrel. The chuck is provided
with a hollow stem or slide (into and through which the work can be passed),
which is made to traverse longitudinally parallel with the central axis in a suitable
'guide fixed to the bed, to which the headstock is also secured. In order to impart
a sliding motion to the chuck the hollow stem or slide is provided with a pivotting
block or roller, which enters a groove or slot in a, swivel-table, and may be readily
removed therefrom and again re-entered therein. The swivel table is centred upon
a moveable slide with the swivelling axis at right angles to the central one, and
the moving slide moves in a guide secured upon the bed at right angles to the
central axis in a suitable plane, and is traversed in one direction by means of a nut
or part of a nut fixed thereto and a screw rotated in the guide by means of a shaft
and toothed gearing in connection with it and the mandrel. While the movable
slide is being traversed, as just described, an adjustable stop on the slide comes in
contact at the right moment with a detent, so as to cause to be set in motion
either a balance weight or weights, or a loaded spring or springs, which by suitable
mechanism produce the following results in consecutive order :-
1st. A movement of the forked lever or bar so as (by the apparatus already
described) to move the operating edges of the cutters simultaneously away from
the central axis.
2nd. A disengagement of the nut or part of a nut from the screw.
3rd. A reversal of the motion of the slide, arrested by a stop when it has again
reached the starting place. The balance weights or springs then come to rest, and
on being restored to their positions manually the cutting edges of the cutters, the
nut or part of a nut, and the detent, are moved back into their original positions.
These movements may also be produced either wholly or in part by manual

page_text: operation. The grooved swivelling table can be adjusted about its axis to any.
angle with and be clamped firmly to the slide which carries it. When the groove
is parallel with the slide and screw it is obvious that no motion
communicated
to the chuck by the traversing of the slide; but if the groove be inclined to the
said slide and screw (at a less angle of inclination than that which would cause
undue friction of the surfaces in contact) the traversing of the slide will communicate
a longitudinal movement to the chuck, varying directly with the tangent of the
angle of inclination. Hence the relation of the progressive movement or advance
of the work to the speed of rotation of the cutters may be regulated and varied so
as to suit different speeds of turning, pitches of screws, and rates of progression,
without employing change wheels within the limits for which the apparatus is
designed.
The herein described apparatus for traversing the work may (subject to slight
modifications) be employed in conjunction with turning or drilling machines as a
feed or traversing motion, and for this purpose may be constructed so as to traverse
either the work or the operating cutter or cutters, as may be most suitable.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. A is a side elevation of a screwing or turning machine having rotatory tools
(of which only one is shown in this Figure) and a non-rotatory vice; Fig. B is an
end elevation of the same machine; Fig. C, a plan; and Fig. D, an end view of the
tool holders and of the disc on which they are pivotted. In these Figures 1 is a
mandrel formed as a tube and. furnished at the front end with a projecting
disc 2, and with an enlarged part or collar which serves as a journal. The mandrel
is mounted in bearings in the headstock 3, which is carried by the bed 4 resting on
standards, as shown. 5, 5, 5, are tool holders (each carrying a cutter or tool)
pivotted on the disc 2 by means of the studs 6, 6, 6, which are secured in the disc
and arranged (by preference though not of necessity) equi-angularly around and
equidistantly from the axis of the mandrel. Eccentric ends 7, 7, 7, (Figs A & D)
formed upon one end of the screwed spindles 8, 8, 8, take into grooves or slots, as shown,
in each of the tool holders 5, 5, 5, so that a rotary motion of the spindles causes a
movement of the tool holders about their axes. The screwed spindles 8, 8, 8, are
held in bearings formed in the enlarged part or collar of the mandrel, extend
beyond the said collar and along the outside of the mandrel, and their projecting
ends are screwed, as shewn, and enter into corresponding nuts secured in the ring 9,
which latter can be moved to and fro along the mandrel by means of clutch pins.
The clutch pins take into a circular grooved formed in the outside of the ring, and
are secured upon the levers 10, 11, which are keyed fast upon the cross shaft 12,
the lever 10 having a handle for working it by hand. Mounted upon the shaft 12
and free to turn thereon is a weighted lever 13 having a heel 14 and step 15. A
detent 16 mounted upon a stud is actuated by the lever 17 and rod 18. The rod 18
is furnished with a spring 37, which tends constantly to keep the detent 16 in
position for engaging with the step 15, and is provided also with a fixed stop 38
and an adjustable stop 39. Upon a sliding vice or chuck 22 is a block 41, which
imparts a sliding motion to the rod 18 when it comes in contact with and pushes
along the adjustable stop 39. When the tools are set to their work the detent 16
rests against the step 15 and keeps the weighted lever 13 from turning upon the
shaft 12, and when the detent is withdrawn the weighted lever turns independently
upon the shaft 12, and its heel 14 comes in contact with the lever 10, giving it first
a blow and then forcing it over into the position shown in the Drawing (Fig. A).
When the lever 10 is in this position the eccentrics 7 are retaining the tool
holders 5, 5, 5, at their maximum distance from the axis of the mandrel, and when
the said lever is moved to the right hand of this position the nuts in the ring 9
acting upon the screwed spindles 8, 8, 8, cause the latter to rotate, and by means
of their eccentric ends to move the tool holders simultaneously towards the axis of
the mandrel. A stop bolt 19 is adjustable in the slotted sector 20 so as to limit the

page_text: movement of the lever 10 towards the right hand, as may be required, for adjusting
the distance of the tools from the axis of the mandrel.
The work 21 to be operated upon is held in the sliding vice or chuck 22, which
moves in angle slides upon the bed 4 parallel with the axis of the mandrel. Upon
the vice 22 is a stem 23 furnished at its end with a pin 24, upon which is a
pivotting block which enters into a groove in the swivel-plate 25. This swivel-
plate is mounted upon a moveable slide 26, and can be swivelled upon it (in a
plane parallel to the axis of the mandrel) and held fast thereon so as to set the
sides of the groove to any desired angle with the axis of the mandrel. The move-
able slide 26 works at a right angle with the axis of the mandrel on the guide
table 27 whose position is adjustable along the bed 4, and is traversed in one
direction by means of the guide screw 28 and disengageable clasp nut 29, and in
the other direction by the weight hanging from the periphery of the hand wheel 32
(assisted, if necessary, by hand) through the intervention of the pinion 31 and
rack 30, which latter is fast upon the moveable slide 26.
When-the groove in the swivel-plate 25 is parallel with the line of traverse of
the slide upon which it rests, it is obvious that no motion is imparted to the work
fixed in the vice or chuck 22 when the moveable slide is traversed. But if the
groove be inclined to the said line of traverse (at a less angle than that which
would cause undue friction between the surfaces of the groove and of the pivotting
block upon the pin 24) the traversing of the slide will communicate a longitudinal
movement to the work fixed in the vice or chuck, the rate of which will vary
directly with the tangent of the angle of inclination. The clasp nut 29 is keyed
upon and slides along the grooved shaft 33, which is mounted in bearings in the
moving slide 26 and in its guide 27, and has also keyed fast upon it the lever 34
and hand lever 35. The clasp nut 29 is so formed that a trigger 36 keeps it
pressed downwards when it is in gear, and will sustain it when it is disengaged
from the guide screw. The guide screw 28 is rotated from the mandrel through
the intervention of a back shaft and gearing, as shown., 40, 40, 40, are gibs or
keys having serrations upon one face of each, which take into corresponding
serrations formed in the tool holders 5, 5, 5. The ends of the tools rest against the
respective gib heads, and by means of the serrations the position of the gibs in the
tool holders can be regulated. This arrangement enables the the adjustment of the
tools in their respective holders. to be readily made, and allows long pieces of steel
'to be used.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-
The mandrel 1 together with the dependent parts are rotated through the inter-
vention of the cone pulley and gearing shown in the Drawings; the work 21 to be
turned or screwed is fixed by right and left hand screws (not shown in the
Drawings) in the vice 22, and the tools in their respective tool holders 5, 5, 5. The
stop bolt 19 is fixed so that when the hand lever 10 is brought up against it the
tools will be in the required position for operating upon the work, and the position
of the stop 39 is adjusted so as to be brought into contact with the stop 41 at the
right moment for the disengagement of the tools and feed motion. The weighted
lever 13 is held by the detent 16 engaging with the step 15, the clasp nut 29 is
engaged with the guide screw 28, and the swivel plate 25 is set with the groove
standing at the inclination proper to the required rate of longitudinal traverse.
The guide screw is rotated by means of the back shaft and gearing shown in the
Drawings, and imparts a transverse motion to the moveable slide 26, which by
means of the grooved swivel plate 25 and of the swivelling block upon the pin 24
communicates the requisite longitudinal movement to the vice or chuck 22 which
holds the work. At the right moment the stop 41 comes in contact with the
stop 39 and pushes it along until the detent 16 releases the weighted lever 13, the
heel 14 of which thereupon delivers a blow upon the hand lever 10 and forces it
over into the position shown in Fig. A, thereby (through the intervention of the
clutch pins of the ring 9 with its nuts and of the spindles 8, 8, 8) causing the tools
to be withdrawn from the work. Almost simultaneously the stop 38 presses upon

page_text: the lever 34 and disengages the clasp nut 29 from the guide screw. By means of
the weight upon the hand wheel (assisted by hand if necessary) the moveable
slide 26 carrying the swivel plate 25 together with the vice is restored to the
starting position, which is determined by the adjustable stop 42; the hand lever 10
is then pulled back against the stop bolt 19, the heel 14 becomes re-engaged with
the detent 16, the work which has been operated upon is exchanged for another
piece in the vice or chuck, and the clasp nut re-engaged with the guide screw,
whereupon the cycle of operations is repeated.
It will be seen from the description which has been given that it is not necessary
either to arrest or reverse the motion of the mandrel and guide screw, for the
purpose of removing the work which has been operated upon, or of introducing a
new piece of work unless at the same time the tools require to be taken out.
For some purposes however it may be convenient that the machine should be of
the ordinary reversing description, in which a hollow rotating mandrel provided
at one end with a vice for holding the work to be operated upon is traversed
longitudinally, while the tool holders are mounted upon a stationary head. Under
this arrangement my improved method of working the tool holders could be
readily applied, subject to slight modifications as to details, and my improved
traversing apparatus would be connected to the rotating mandrel, so as to traverse
it longitudinally at any required rate of progression by means of the adjustable
swivel-plate. Such applications of my improvements being obvious I have not
deemed it necessary to illustrate them by Drawings or to describe them in full.
Several cuts may be taken over the same piece of work by varying the position
of the stop bolt 19 for each successive cut. The number and description of cutters
or tools may be varied, as may be most suitable for the work to be effected.
The spindles 8, 8, 8, may have their projecting screwed ends made hollow and be
screwed interiorily (instead of exteriorily, as shown in the accompanying
Drawings). In this case screws entering into the interiorily screwed spindles are
secured to the ring 9 instead of the nuts hereinbefore mentioned.
According to the arrangement shown in the accompanying Drawings, when it is
required to alter the starting position of the vice it is necessary to move the
guide 27 into a new position along the bed, unless at the same time a new adjust-
ment of the swivel-plate 25 is required, which concurrently effects the necessary
change in the starting position of the vice. To obviate (either wholly or in part)
the necessity of moving the guide 27 for the purpose just named, the pin 24 may
be made adjustable in a slot formed in the stem 23 of the vice instead of being
immoveable therein, as shown in the accompanying Drawings.
It will be observed that in the machine I have illustrated and described above
the relation between the speeds of rotation of the mandrel and guide screw
_respectively remains constant, and that variations in the rate of longitudinal
traverse in relation to the speed of rotation of the mandrel are determined by the
angle of the groove in the swivel plate.
.
A further modification of my improvements is illustrated in Sheet 2 of the
accompanying Drawings, and is described below; in this modification the work is
rotated but not traversed, and the cutters are traversed but not rotated.
Fig. F is a side elevation, Fig. G an end elevation, and Fig. H a plan of the
modified machine, and Figs. K and L are enlarged end and side elevations of the
cutter head.
In these Figures, 1 is the rotating mandrel, having a hollow centre and furnished
at the front end with the projecting disc 2 and with an enlarged part or collar
which serves as a journal; 3 is the headstock in which the mandrel is mounted,
and 4 the bed of the machine; 8, 8, 8, are the screwed spindles, having eccentric
ends 7 (see Fig. F, in which only one screwed spindle is shown); 9 is the sliding
ring actuated by clutch pins and levers 10 & 11 keyed fast upon the cross shaft 12.
The eccentric ends 7 take into grooves or slots in each of the tool holders 5, 5, 5,
which are mounted radially, or nearly so, in the disc as straight slides to be
operated upon by the eccentrics respectively and simultaneously in the same manner

page_text: as described already for the pivotted tool holders. Vice dies 43 are held in the
tool holders 5, 5, 5, and grip the work to be operated upon when the tool holders
are moved by the eccentrics towards the axis of the mandrel. 44 is a nut
which takes into a pin upon a third lever 67 keyed fast upon the cross shaft 12,
and is moved to and fro longitudinally by the screw 45 actuated by the
hand wheel 46 for the purpose of gripping the work, and by the weight 47
(assisted by hand if necessary) acting upon the drum 48 which is keyed fast
upon the screw, for the purpose of releasing the work. 49 is a detent (actuated
by the bell crank 50 and rod 18) which is engaged with a notch in a
flange upon the drum 48, by the action of the spring 37 upon the rod 18. The
rod 18 is provided with a fixed stop 38 and an adjustable stop 39 having an incline
formed upon it, as shown; 51 is a cutter head, carrying 4 cutter holders 59, 59,
60, 60, which move in a radial direction with reference to the axis of the mandrel,
in slides upon a plate 52, which forms the face of the cutter head; 53 is a
horizontal slide which works in a slot in the lower part of the cutter head actuated
by the screw 54, its motion being at right angles to that of the axis of the mandrel.
Upon one side of the slide 53 are two parallel diagonal keys 55, 55, and upon the
other side of the same slide are two other parallel keys 56, 56. Each of the
keys 55, 55, takes into a diagonal groove in one of the two vertical slides 57, 57.
Similarly each of the keys,56, 56, takes into a diagonal groove in one of the two
vertical slides 58, 58. At the back of each of the tool holders 59, 59, is a key 61,
shown with round ends and taking into a groove in one of the two slides 57, 57.
Thèse grooves in 57, 57, are inclined at a suitable angle to the line of motion of
the slides, and consequently when the latter are simultaneously moved in their
guides a radial motion is imparted to each of the cutter holders 59, 59,
simultaneously. In a similar manner keys at the back of the two cutter
holders 60, 60, take into inclined grooves in the slides 58, 58. From the Drawing
it will be seen that when the horizontal slide is moved from left to right the
keys 55, 55, will produce an upward movement of the slides 57, 57, and a radial
movement of the tool holders 59, 59, towards the axis of the mandrel, and that
simultaneously the keys 56, 56, will produce a downward movement of the
slides 58, 58, which will move the tool holders 60, 60, also radially towards the
axis of the mandrel. Similarly if the horizontal slide 53 be moved from right to
left it will be seen that all the four tool holders will be moved radially away from
the axis of the mandrel. Upon the cutter head 51 is a stem 23 connected by a
pin 24 to a traversing apparatus similar to that already described in the machine
illustrated by Figs. A, B, C, the various parts of the apparatus being marked with the
same distinguishing numbers in each case. Keyed upon one end of the screw 54
are a hand wheel 63 and a drum 64, upon which latter is coiled a rope from which
the weight 65 is suspended. In a bracket upon the cutter head 51 is mounted a
detent lever 66, which engages with a notch in the hand wheel 63 by the action of
the spring shown in Fig. G. A block 41 is also secured upon the cutter head. At
the proper moment the inclined portion of the adjustable stop 39 passes under one
end of the detent lever 66 and in contact with it until the lever is disengaged from
the band wheel 63 and allows the weight 65 to actuate the screw 54, which causes
the horizontal slide 53 to move from right to left and thus to withdraw the tool
holders away from the axis of the mandrel. Immediately after this has occurred,
or while it is occurring, the block 41 (Fig. G) comes in contact with the lower part
of the adjustable stop 39, and moves the rod 18 so as to liberate the weight 47 by
means of the detent 49, and cause the tool holders containing the vice dies 43 to
liberate the work which they hold.
It will be observed that automatic movements acting simultaneously or nearly
so are provided and shown for withdrawing both the cutting tools and the vice
dies from the work, and also for suspending the traversing motion, but any or
all of these movements may be effected by hand instead of automatically if
preferred.
The head, in Figs. K, L, is shown with four tool holders placed in radial lines or

page_text: nearly so, two being in front and two at the back of the axis of the mandrel, and
so arranged as to leave a clear opening above for getting in and out the work, for
observing the action of the cutters, for clearing away the cuttings, and for
lubricating when necessary. The same facilities are afforded by a head with only
three such tool holders, namely, two at the back like the two shown in Fig. K
and one only in front. In this case one of the diagonal keys in the horizontal
slide 53 and one of the vertical slides in front of the axis of the mandrel would
be dispensed with. This arrangement is a convenient one, especially for smaller
sized machines. This modification I have not deemed it necessary to illustrate in
the Drawings, nor another one, which would obviously suggest itself as suitable for
some purposes, namely, one tool holder in front of the axis of the mandrel and one
opposite to it behind the axis.
It will be obvious that this Invention is applicable to screwing the interior of
nuts either by means of ordinary "machine taps or by cutting tools. Thus, in
Figs. A, B, C, the nut to be screwed may either be held by suitable dies fixed
(instead of cutters) in the pivotted tool holders, and rotated therewith, the tap
being fixed in the sliding vice 22, or vice versa; or, in the modification shown
in Figs. F, G, & H, the tap may be held either by dies in the tool holders
provided on the mandrel, the nuts being held by dies in the cutter head, or
vice versa.
Fig. E illustrates one method of applying my improved traversing apparatus to
drilling machines. 68 is the drilling spindle; 69 is a thrust bearing, by means of
which the said spindle is raised or lowered as required. The thrust bearing in
large machines is preferably made with a series of separate flat washers held
and keyed thereto to receive the thrust, and corresponding flat washers keyed
to the spindle so as to increase the bearing surface and reduce the wear,
the weight being supported by a screw and lock nuts at the end of the
spindle.
The two series of washers are placed alternately, and are free to move endwise,
those on the spindle rotate with it against those in the thrust bearing, which do
not rotate. The thrust bearing moves in a fixed guide 70, and is furnished with a
pin 71 at the back, upon which is mounted a pivotting block which is hidden from
view in the Drawing.
The pivotting block takes into a groove 72 formed in the traversing slide 73,
which is made to slide along a radial arın 74 by means of a guide screw 75, mounted
in bearings in the radial arm 74, and of a nut or clasp nut (not shown) carried by
the traversing slide.
The radial arm is pivotted upon a centre at 76, and upon the same centre is a
worm 77, which actuates a worm wheel 78 keyed fast upon the guide screw. The
worm is driven by pulleys and belt, as shown.
A screwed rod 79 is connected to the radial arm 74, as shown, and serves to
adjust the angular relation of the groove 72 to the axis of the spindle 68 by means
of the rotary nut and hand wheel 80, mounted in the trunnion piece 81. The rate.
at which the drill is advanced through the work is pre-determined by the inclination
of the groove 72. The inclination of the groove 72 to the axis of the screw 75 is
shown as being unalterable. It may, however, be made variable by being formed
not in the slide 73, as shown, but in an adjustable swivel-plate mounted upon the
slide 73. The rate of feed may be regulated as the work proceeds by altering the
angle of the radial arm 74. Various devices, such, for example, as that shown and
described for the screwing and turning machine, Figs. A, B, C, may be employed
for restoring the moveable slide to a starting position after it has traversed as far
as is convenient along the radial arm. The drill spindle may be raised from or
lowered to the work by hand as the operation of drilling or boring is going on.
From the descriptions which have been given above, assisted by the accompanying
Drawings, it will be easily understood that my improved traversing apparatus may
be applied to horizontal boring machines, turning lathes, and other "machine
tools," for the purpose of giving a progressive movement either to the tool holders

page_text: and tools or to the work to be operated upon, according as circumstances may
require.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and various modes in which
it may be carried into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details or applications herein set forth, nor that I
claim novelty for all the mechanism which I have described, but what I do claim
as being novel and of my Invention is,-*
As respects turning and screwing machines,—
Firstly. The application and use of pivotted tool holders (so that there be not
fewer than two such tool holders to each machine), arranged and operating
substantially as shown and described.
Secondly. The method of operating a tool holder by means of a spindle having
an eccentric end or part whereby the tool holder is caused to approach or recede
from the work, such spindle being itself rotated by a nut and screw thread or
equivalent, substantially as herein before described.
Thirdly. The method, substantially as herein before described and illustrated, of
causing several tool holders to simultaneously approach or recede from the axis
around which they are situated as required by means of spindles having eccentric
ends or parts acting upon the tool holders.
Fourthly. The improved turning and screwing machines, constructed, arranged,
and operating as shown in and described with reference respectively to Figs. A, B,
C, D, and Figs. F, G, H, K, L, of the Drawings.
As respects turning, screwing, and drilling machines,―
Fifthly. The method, substantially as described and shown, of effecting the
traverse of the work to the tools or cutters, or of the tools or cutters to the
work.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wilson Hulse, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
Witness to the signature of
the said William Wilson
Hulse,
HY. C. CARVER,
Patent Agent,
38 & 40, Lloyd Street,
Manchester.
WILLIAM W. HULSE. (L.S.)