Improvements in Typographic Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typographic Machines.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me by Isaac Risley, of Pleasantville, in the County of Atlantic,
State of New Jersey, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
matrix-making, type-casting, type-setting, type-writing and other typographic
machines, in which a type carrier is operated from a key-board, and is combined
with means for automatically producing justified impressions.
One of the principal features of machines of the class to which this invention
relates is the provision of devices for recording or registering the units and the
word spaces in the line and means whereby these registering devices govern
the production of the final justified representation. By the phrase "final justi-
fied representation" is meant either the impression made in the matrix machine,
or the line of matrices or type in a type-casting or type-setting machine, or the
printed impression in a type-writing machine.
"
In the present machine there is also employed a "preliminary representation
means, which is combined with the registers and matrix or other carriage to
govern the production of the final justifieil representation, but it will be understood
that many of the features of this invention are applicable to typographic machines
in which there is no preliminary representation."
It should also be explained that the term "type-carrier" is here used in a
sense equally as general as the phrase "final representation," for while in the
case of a matrix-making machine, the type-carrier will be a surface having a
series of type or character punches to be impressed into the matrix material, it
may in the case of a type-casting machine be a surface carrying a series of dies
or matrices in which the characters will be cast, and in the case of a type-setting
machine, the type-carrier may be a device having a series of chambers any one
of which may be brought to a given point to deliver type to the line being set
up. or the type-carrier may be a device for ejecting type from type channels.
In typographic machines, of this class the means for producing preliminary.
representation may vary in construction from a perforated sheet to a wheel having
a series of movable pins frictionally held therein, certain pins representing letters
and other pins representing corresponding letter spaces. The present machine
employs the last mentioned construction of representation means, in which the
series of independently movable pins are prearrangeable from the key-board for
the entire line or more than a line, and control the movements of the type-carrier,
to bring any character thereof to the common point of impression. Others of the
pins of the preliminary representation control the feed movement of the carriage
for normal spacing for the different characters and word spaces. This feed move-
ment in a matrix machine is imparted to the carriage which carries the matrix
sheet, and with this is combined means controlled from the character space and

page_text: word space registering devices to increase or diminish the normal space feed
between words to automatically justify the line. While the registering devices
may be operated directly from the key-board, it is preferable to operate said regis-
tering devices indirectly through the representation device.
An important feature of this invention has reference to the automatic closing
of the line of matter composed. The present invention also embraces many other
improved features of construction which will be fully set forth hereinafter.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. I is a plan view of the complete machine embodying the improvements:
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same:
Fig. 3 is a rear elevation, but with the frame in section:
Fig. 4 is a vertical elevation drawn to a larger scale, of the left-hand end of the
machine, with the frame in section (sec line 4-4. Fig. 3):
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view on the line 5-5, Fig. 4, (see also Figs. 3 and 6):
Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the lower part of the machine, with the casing in
section on the line 6-6, Fig. 5:
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation taken behind the composing wheel and on the
line 7-7, Fig. 5:
Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section on the line S-S, Fig. 3:
Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view, drawn to a larger scale, through the key-
board on the line 9-9, Fig. 10:
Figs. 9 and 9b are perspective views of details:
Fig. 10 is a sectional plan view of the key-board on the line 10-10, Fig. 9:
Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of the key-board on the line 11-11, Fig. 9:
Fig. 11 is a detached view of the striker comb:
Fig. 11 is a face view of the push pin plate b, and
Fig. 11 is a face view of the push pin plate b²:
Fig. 12 is a vertical section through the fly-wheel and clutch mechanism:
Fig. 12" is a transverse section on the line 12-12, Fig. 12:
Fig. 13 is a face view of a part of the composing wheel and the setting frame,
with one of the bow levers, (that for operating the escapement):
Fig. 14 is a cross sectional view through the composing wheel and bow levers,
the setting frame being shown in side elevation except at its hub, where it is
shown in section:
Figs. 14" and 14 are detached views of the escapement for the setting frame:
Fig. 15 is a plan view of the system of performing levers:
Fig. 16 is a rear view of the unit registering mechanism:
Fig. 17 is a side elevation of the same with the frame sectioned along a line
a little to the left of the vertical line 17-17, Fig. 16:
Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation of the unit registering devices. looking in the
opposite direction from Fig. 16, the section being taken on the line 18-18,
Fig. 17:
Figs. 18, 18 and 18° are diagrammatic views of certain details:
Fig. 19 is a perspective view of the word-space registering mechanism:
Fig. 20 shows in perspective the two parts of the word-space register, detached:
Figs. 21, 22 and 23 are views of the parts of the word space register in different
positions:
Fig. 24 is a front elevation of the main shaft and its several cams and wheels:
Fig. 24 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line 24-24, Fig. 3:
Fig. 25 shows in section and also in diagrammatic extension the cam grooves
of the cylinder controlling the movements of the type-carrier:
Fig. 25 is a view of the end of the cylinder:
Fig. 26 is a perspective view of the two slides controlled by the cam-grooved
cylinder and in turn controlling the type-carrier:
Fig. 26" is a detached view of one of the selecting plungers:
Fig. 27 is a view, partly in section, showing the connections between the said
slides and type-carrier:

page_text: Figs. 28, 28 and 2Sb show the type-carrier, shell and spindle; and
Fig. 29 is a perspective' view of the connecting gearing:
Fig. 30 is a vertical section of the complete type-carrying 'device and matrix
carriage:.
Fig. 30 is a perspective view, drawn to an enlarged scale, of one of the type:
Fig. 31 is a sectional plan on the line 31-31, Fig. 30:
Figs. 32 and 33 are perspective views of the oscillating casing, which carries
the type-carrier:
Fig. 34 is a perspective view of the aligning devices:
Fig. 35 is a sectional plan view on the line 35-35, Fig. 30:,
:
Fig. 36 is a perspective view of the operating mechanism for the slides for
controlling the type-carrier:
Fig. 37 is a vertical section showing the means for giving the line feed:
Fig. 37 is a view on a larger scale of the device for changing the line space
feed:
Fig. 38 is a perspective view of the normal carriage feed operating devices:
Fig. 38 is a detached view of the controlling stop for the carriage feed:
Fig. 39 is a diagram illustrating in a simple form the justifying mechanism:
Fig. 40 is a more complete diagrammatic perspective view of the justifying
mechanism, apart from adjacent devices in the machine:
Fig. 41 is a perspective view illustrating a part of the line-closing devices:
Figs. 42, 43, 44 and 45 are other perspective views of the line-closing devices,
illustrating their different positions and actions:
Figs. 46, 47 and 48 are diagrammatic perspective views illustrating apart from
the machine the devices for automatically. restoring the parts to their normal
positions at the end of each line:
1
Fig. 49 is a diagram showing the preferred arrangement of the type on the face
of the type-shell; and
Fig. 50 is a diagram of the composing wheel, indicating the representation of
an illustrative sentence.
The machine is constructed to operate on the unit measurement system.
In the machine as hereinafter described it is assumed by way of example that the
characters vary in width from two to seven units; for instance the two-unit
characters include such letters as "" and the several punctuation marks, while
at the other extreme the seven unit characters are such as M" and "W."
"
The normal word space may be assumed to be of two units. In the automatic
justification hereinafter described, units or parts of units are subtracted from or
added to those normal word spaces, depending on whether the composed line,
prior to justification, is longer or shorter than the standard line.
In the accompanying drawings the invention is illustrated as embodied in a
machine which is more especially adapted to matrix-making or type-writing,
one character being impressed at a time. The "type-carrier" T is shown as in
the form of an upright cylinder carrying type or character punches in vertical
and horizontal rows, the preferred arrangement being indicated in Fig 49,
but it will be understood, as already explained, that the invention is applicable
to other typographic machines than matrix-making machines, as for instance
type-casting or type-setting, and the type-carrier may assume different forms
according to the nature of the machine and the preferences of the constructor.
The purpose is to so control the type-carrier as to be able at will to bring any
one of the characters to a common point (which may be conveniently termed the
common point of impression") and to return the carrier to its normal position
again. This normal position is preferably a central one.
"
The machine is a power-driven machine subject to the control of a key-board
played by the operator who can finger the keys continuously while the machine
itself automatically produces, closes and justifies the lines, placing the printed
matter in a justified column.
The frame of the machine may assume any suitable form. In the drawing

page_text: it is illustrated as in the shape of a box-like casing W, with a large front
door W (carrying the key-board A, on one side, and the "preliminary repre-
sentation wheel on the other), and a smaller door W20, with doors Wat
the back, Figs. 1, 2 and S. Within this casing is a vertical partition plate We
(Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8) on which many of the working parts are mounted and which
is itself supported by posts w from the back part of the frame.
The main power driven shaft E which carries the operating cams, Figs. 24
and 24", is arranged horizontally on the upper part of the frame in suitable
bearings at W and W. It is driven by a wheel E (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 12 and 24),
which in the present instance is shown as grooved at e, for the reception of
a driving belt and is loose on the shaft E, being held thereon by a collar es.
It is provided with suitable clutch mechanism such that while the wheel E
is driven continuously, the shaft may be clutched to or freed from the driving
wheel either by hand or automatically from different operative parts of the
machine.
This clutching and unclutching is accomplished by the inward and outward
movements of a plunger E sliding in the end of the shaft E, Fig. 12, under
the control of a lever E15 pivoted at on the bracket W. The upper end of
this lever has a swivel connection with the plunger at e and to its lower end is
pivotally connected a bar E16, to the opposite end of which is pivoted a latch C¹.
In this bar E are offset, communicating slots e27, 28, in which works a pin e,
Fig. 12, on the lower end of a lever E pivoted at and having at its upper
end an anti-friction roller e, Figs. 1 and 2, running in a cam groove Is on
the flange E of the driving wheel E. Thus a constant vibrating motion is
imparted to the lever E, and when the latch bar E16 is dropped to its lower
position, the pin el vibrates in the slot e, and striking the right hand end
thereof, (looking at it in Fig. 12) moves the lever E5 to draw the plunger El
outwards and cause the wheel E to be clutched to the shaft E3. When, however,
the latch bar E6 is raised, the pin will enter the slot and the vibrating
lever E7 will then throw the latch bar E6 and the lower end of the lever E
outwards and the plunger Einwards, with the effect of unclutching the wheel E+
from the shaft E3 and frictionally locking the shaft to a fixed part of the frame.
The raising of the latch bar E is effected by devices hereinafter described, acting
upon the latch C, and constituting automatic stop motions.
Any suitable form of clutch may be used, but the construction illustrated in
Figs. 12, 12" and 24" is preferred. On the wheel E is an annular flange E
within which lies a split friction ring E. Opposite this flange E there is a
Hange E on a sleeve disk fixed to the frame W4 by a screw pin eor
otherwise. Within this flange lies a split friction ring E similar to the
ring Es
Between the adjacent ends of each of these split rings lies a wedge
piece E, Fig. 12, which on being pushed outwards by the toggle links E
and E, as at left of Fig. 12, causes the split ring to be expanded against its
adjacent flange. When the toggle levers are moved to draw the wedge E7
inwards, as shown at the right hand side of Fig. 12, the corresponding split
friction ring will be freed from its flange E5 (E). The toggle links E and En
are pivoted to the plunger rod Eat e; their lower ends are rounded and find
bearings in pins E passing through openings in the cylindrical piece E
(secured at e, Fig. 24, to the shaft E³) and through openings in the split
rings E, E. The links E and E" are at the other ends pivoted to cups E8
in radial openings in the cylinder E. Through these cups pass screws e having
heads and threaded into their respective wedge blocks ; these screws can
be turned to effect adjustment of the wedges 17 by the insertion of a screw
driver through openings temporarily closed by the plugs .
To always bring the shaft E3 to a definite stop and to start it again at a
certain position, there are employed a hardened roller E carried by the flange E
and a hardened roller E carried by the flange the peripheries of these
rollers project slightly beyond the inner faces of their respective flanges, so

page_text: that when in the revolution of the wheel either of these rollers reaches a pro-
jected pin E, that pin will come to a stop on the roller. Thus when the left
hand toggles, Fig. 12, are straightened by the outward movement of the plunger E,
the shaft will be firmly clutched to the wheel E, with the pin E2 bearing
upon the roller E. On the other hand, when the plunger Eo is pushed inwards,
the left hand toggles will be bent to disengage the friction ring E from the
flange and on the other hand the right hand toggles will be straightened
to expand the friction ring E61 against the flange E¹ of the fixed disk E²º,
thus frictionally locking the shaft and stopping the machine at a definite point
determined by the position of the roller E.
""
With this preliminary explanation of the construction of the frame, shaft and
stop motion, the detailed description of the specific machine illustrated in the
drawings will now be proceeded with, the several principal groups of mechanisms
being taken up in order. These principal groups are, first, the key-board
mechanism; second, the preliminary representation mechanism which is con-
trolled from the key-board; third, the mechanism for registering the units of
the characters and of the word spaces as the line receives its preliminary re-
presentation on the composing wheel; fourth, the mechanism for registering
the number of word spaces in the line as it is composed; fifth, the line-closing
mechanism at the composing stage; sixth, the mechanism for operating the type-
carrier to bring its different characters successively to the common point of
impression; seventh, the mechanism for imparting normal variable feed to the
matrix or other carriage for the final representation"; eighth, the automatic
justifying mechanism, and ninth, devices whereby the parts are returned to their
initial positions.
THE KEY-BOARD.
The key-board and its mechanism are illustrated in exterior view in Figs. 1
and 2, and on a larger scale in section in Figs. 9 to 11 inclusive.
The stems of the several keys are guided vertically in the top plate wo
(Fig. 10), which is detachably secured to the key-board casing, this latter
being secured by bolts or otherwise to the front door W3. Each key rests with
a forked lower end a upon a key lever A2 pivoted at and guided in a comb
plate In turn, each key lever A² rests upon the top of a rod A* which is
guided vertically in the horizontal comb plates ",, the lower one being
carried by the part of the key-board casing. A shield lies in front
of these vertical rods A. Springs,, tend to keep these rods in their upper
and rearward position shown in Fig. 9. In line with each rod A' is a horizontal
striker bar A³ (see also Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) guided in a vertical comb
plate a, and the beveled end 10 of each bar normally rests in the lower of the
two beveled notches a, a, of the corresponding key-rod A When a key a
is depressed, the corresponding key rod A+ is depressed until the end a¹ of its
striker bar A enters the notch a". On the upward return movement of this
rod A+ under the action of the spring a () when the operator lifts his
finger, the end of the striker bar A is elevated to the position shown in
full lines in Fig. 9, bringing the shoulder a into the path of the solid part
of the striker comb A (Figs. 9, 11 and 11"). This striker comb has a constant
vibrating motion imparted to it by any suitable means, towards and from the
push pins B and B and the preliminary representation or composing
wheel E.
"
2;
In the construction illustrated this comb plate A is carried by arms a¹5 on
a horizontal shaft a, which has at its end outside the casing an arm
connected by a link as to an arm a, on a horizontal shaft 20, Figs. 1, 2 and 6.
This latter shaft 20 has an arm (Figs. 2 and 12") with a roller bearing
against a cam A7 on the constantly rotating driving wheel E. A pull spring
(Fig. 10) keeps the roller end of the arm up against the cam A.
Thus the forward operating movement of the striker bars A in the direction of

page_text: their arrow Fig. 9 is power-operated and can take place only at regular intervals
in time with the other moving parts of the machine, and not with the, operator's
fingering of the keys.
Behind the projection a" on each striker bar A is a raised portion a
(Figs. 9 and 9b) which, in the case of any bar A selected while the striker
comb A is forward, will bear against the upper end of its slot in the comb A"
and in consequence cause that bar A to be held down until the comb has
returned to its extreme backward position. Then the comb can engage that
selected bar.
Each striker bar A has a T-head bearing against a certain number of push
pins B carried by a fixed cross plate b. The arrangement of these pins in this
plate is shown in Fig. 11, the vertical positions of the T-heads of some of the
bars A being indicated by dotted lines, and the uses of the several pins being
indicated by letters and words.
Immediately behind these push pins B are the (eighteen) universal bars B and
the universal escapement bar f. These several bars are stirrup-shaped, as shown
in Fig. 11 and are pivoted so as to have a swinging movement on a horizontal
axis Immediately back of these universal bars B are arranged on a diagonal
line eighteen corresponding push pins B2 in a fixed cross-plate 2, Behind the
universal escapement bar f is a nineteenth pin f¹. The arrangement of these pin's
and their several uses are indicated clearly in Fig. 11.
These eighteen push pins 12 are adapted to act upon corresponding bow levers B³
(Fig. 9") pivoted to an inclined axis (Fig. 11). A nineteenth bow lever f²
also pivoted to bis acted upon by the pin f to work the escapement hereinafter
described. Pull springs (Figs. 9 and 11) return the levers, push pins
and striker bars back after each outward operating movement.
The bow levers 133 act upon corresponding pins in the setting frame C
(Figs. 4, 6, 13 and 14). This setting frame is mounted to work in conjunction
with the preliminary representation" wheel E¹.
"
PRELIMINARY REPRESENTATION MECHANISM.
The wheel E will be termed the "composing" wheel, since the pushing out
from front to back or "setting" of the selected pins d, etc. to d8, which control
all the subsequent movements of the machine to produce the "final representa-
tion is in fact composition." This composing wheel E' is mounted to turn
upon a fixed axis E, bolted to the diagonal yoke W on the front door W of the
frame (Figs. 2, 4, 8, 11 and 14). An intermittent rotary feed motion is imparted
to this composing wheel by any suitable means. In the case illustrated, the main
shaft has a feed worm E (Fig. 24) engaging with a worm wheel (Fig. 5)
transmitting motion to the wheel E through the shaft and pinion which
engages with the gear teeth e on the composing wheel. The spiral portions e
of the worm E (Fig. 24) give the intermittent feed motion to the wheel, while
the straight portion es of the worm holds the composing wheel locked during
portion of the revolution of the main shaft. As before explained the composing
wheel is carried by the door W, so that when the latter is turned back on its
hinges, on removal of the fastening bolt 2, the gear el will simply slide out of
engagement with the pinion e².
a
The composing wheel carries a series of independently moveable pins d', de, etc
to free to be pushed in and out therein transversely, with frictional retaining
means. These pins are arranged in radial rows of eighteen pins each, and there
are in the present instance seventy-two radial rows.
The pins of the several radial rows at the same time form eighteen concentric
rows (Figs. 6, 14 and 50). The frictional retaining means for the pins may con-
sist of plates e between adjacent rows (Figs. 13 and 14) with spring lips e bearing
against the pins.
In Fig. 50 there is indicated in writing what each one of the eighteen concentric
rows of pins is used for. Thus the first pin d is for the indication of the end of

page_text: the line and the line feed to be given to the carriage. The next pin & indicates
a word space. The next six pins (to inclusive) severally represent the
different units of the feed movement to be imparted to the carriage for the several
different characters and the word space. The remaining ten pins (to 13,
inclusive) determine the selection of the character at the final representation.
In Fig. 14 there are shown two pins of a row projected, namely and 8, which
as it happens indicate a word space, the pin indicating the word space itself
and the pin the two units for the word space.. Some of the characters may
require as many as five pins each for the proper representation of the type carrier
movements and the unit feed.
Inasmuch as this composing wheel is power driven, it becomes necessary to
provide between the fingered key board and this wheel means to allow, for their
non-synchronous operation. This is done by means of the arc-shaped levers B
and and the setting frame C, which is free to turn with its hub on the bub
of the wheel E (Fig. 14) within an arc sufficient for the purpose.
The setting frame carries a radial row of eighteen pins e corresponding with
the radial rows of pins in the composing wheel and the escapement hereinafter
described causes the pins to successively come into line with the several-radial
rows of pins on the composing wheel. _Spring & (Fig. 14) keep the pins & out
of contact with the pins on the wheel E¹, but when levers B³ are operated on the
depression of a key, as hereinafter described, the corresponding pins care pushed
outwards, to in turn cause the projections of the corresponding pins in the row of
the wheel then opposite the setting frame C, as indicated at and in Fig. 14.
The setting frame C has an escapement connection at its outer end with the
periphery of the composing wheel, as shown in Figs. 13, 14, 142, and 14. The
periphery of the wheel E has a series of teeth f, with which may engage in suc-
cession the teeth f and f of an escapement dog F. This dog is free to slide
transversely in the end of the setting frame under the control of the escapement
lever which engages a notch. f in the end of the dog F, Figs. 14 and 14".
The dog with its offset escapement teeth fand f operates in the usual manner
of such devices, so that, each time a key is operated the setting-frame. C can
drop back under its. own weight in a direction the opposite of the arrow, Fig. 18,
and if the wheel E' is not at the time feeding forward, owing to the stoppage of
the main shaft E, or if the operator, is working faster than the machine, the
setting frame will by intermittent movement go to the position shown by dotted
lines in Fig. 13, when its counterweight will bring a horizontal stop bar C
immediately under, the key rods A+, and stop the further-fingering of the keys.
This stop bar, Fig. 2, and 9, is carried by pivot arms and is normally held for-
ward out of the way of the key rods A+ by a pull spring acting upon
an arm 3 of the lever through a rod c, but when the weight of the setting
frame strikes the lower arm of this lever. C2, Fig. 2, the rod eis.moved back to
allow bar to drop down under rods A
12.
757
If the operator works more slowly than the machine, the setting, frame will
travel forward with the wheel E until it reaches the position shown in full lines
in Fig 1 when the outer end of the setting frame C will strike a rod (Figs. 5,
6 and 46) which through an arm on an axis and an arm ell on the latter
will raise the latch Cand bar E16 to throw out the clutch and stop the machine
temporarily, until the bar E16 is dropped again.
In order to prevent breakage of the escapement dog F by the tooth f accident-
ally striking the outer edge of a tooth f on the wheel E, it is preferable to make
the tooth f yielding as by having it free to slide backwards on the body of the
dog against a spring f, as shown in Fig. 14.
There has been now fully described the means whereby the pins to, d¹s on
the composing wheel are projected or "set" by power. as selected by the operation
of the keys, to produce "preliminary representation" of the matter under com-
position: Before proceeding with a description of the mechanism, which is acted
upon by the pins thus projected or set" it will be well to refer to Fig. 50, whichi
68

page_text: ""
indicates diagrammatically the composing wheel (looking from the front of the
machine) and shows the pins which would be set for the representation of the
sentence when in the course of human events it becomes necessary," and it is
supposed that the first line shall close on the word "events." The wheel moves in
the direction of the arrows and the pins are projected as already described within
the limits of the segment marked setter frame movements." Then there is a
portion of the movement to the right (equal in this case to the width of three
radial rows of the pins) marked "in advance for corrections." During this part of
the movement of the wheel the operator may correct an error which he has just
made in the fingering of the keys. The projected pins then reach the "register-
ing position where the units pins d³ to d, and the word space pin act upon
the devices for registering the units and the number of word spaces in the line.
These pins and the "line" pin act upon a set of preliminary "performing
levers, indicated by the heavy dotted line drawn vertically upwards from the
center of the wheel. The projected pins after certain of them have acted upon
these preliminary performing levers are carried around in their projected positions,
until they reach a second set of performing levers, which may be termed the
final" performing levers. In the present instance there are eighteen of these
final performing levers, for all of the pins in each radial row on the wheel. The
positions of these levers in the present machine are indicated by the heavy dotted
line drawn to the left and nearly horizontally from the axis of the wheel. In
other words in the present machine, any given radial row of pins on the wheel after
passing the vertical row of "preliminary" performing levers will have to travel
pearly three-quarters of a revolution of the wheel E before reaching the second
set of performing levers, which are actuated by the pins to 18 to cause the
proper type on the type-carrier to be brought to the common point of impression,
and by the pins to to give to the matrix or other carriage the variable feed
corresponding to the type selected, and by the word space pin in conjunction
with the units pin to cause such increase or diminution of the word space feed as
will produce automatic justification of the line. A projected line pin will act
upon its final performing lever to give the line feed to the carriage and to cause
the several parts to return to their initial positions. The projected pins will then
come into contact with a stationary incline K (Figs. 4, 5, 7 and 15) which pushes
the pins back to their normal unprojected positions.
CORRECTING KEY.
The correcting key K (Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 7) is in the present instance shown as
arranged horizontally above the key board and connected to an upright arm k,
which pivoted at (Fig. 7) to a bracket W10 of the partition W of the frame.
This arm carries a plate ³, which when the key K is pulled by the operator
against the action of its spring (Fig. 1) will push back projected representation
pins then opposite to it. The plate also carries a wing with its face in a
plane a little back of the plate Fig. 5. This wing is, as shown in Fig. 7,
back of the setting frame C and limits the projection of the representation pins.
THE TWO SETS OF PERFORMING LEVERS.
The "preliminary" performing levers are lettered Y, J and H, and are indi-
cated in plan view in Fig. 5, in end elevation in Fig. 7, side elevation in Fig. S
and in plan view in Fig. 15. The levers H are for effecting registration of the
units, the lever J is for effecting registration of the word spaces, and the lever Y
for closing the line. These levers H, J and Y are pivoted at their rear ends at h
to an arm L³ (Fig. 15) carried by an upright shaft L (Figs. 3. 5, 8 and 15), and
are guided at their front ends adjacent to the composing wheel E' in a fixed comb
plate W The upright shaft has a rocking motion imparted to it by any suit-
able means to bring the ends of the performing levers into and out of the path
of the projected pins. For this purpose the upper end of the shaft L carries an

page_text: arm L' which is acted on by a side cam L on the main shaft 3 (Figs. 15 and 24).
In Fig. 15 the full lines show the levers Y, J and H as in their positions when
their ends are in the paths of the projected pins d¹, d etc. on the composing
wheels. The dotted lines show them as being withdrawn to escape from the
pins d, etc.
The final or second set of performing levers lie in an approximately horizontal
row, Figs. 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 15, 36 and 38. The several levers and their uses are clearly
indicated in Fig. 15, the first lever Z being for the line and carriage pin to give
the line feed to the carriage and to return the parts to their initial positious,
while the second lever X is for the word space movement in justification; the
next six levers V control the unit feed to be imparted to the matrix or other
carriage, and the remaining ten levers marked M, M7, 18, control the type-
carrier movements.
a comb
The final performing levers are at their front ends guided_in
plate W (Fig. 7) and at their rear ends are pivoted to an arm L on a hori-
zontal shaft L, to which a rocking movement is imparted from the upright
shaft L3 by the bevel gear L (Figs. 3 and 15). A spring L (Figs. 3 and 4)
tends to keep the ends of both performing levers in the paths of the projected
pins on the composing wheel, while the cam L intermittently withdraws them
after the said wheel E has been fed forward one step.
This forward movement of the composing wheel causes its projected pins to
swing their corresponding performing levers on their respective axes, as shown
for instance in the case of lever H in Fig. 15.
There will now be described the operation of these several levers H on the
UNIT REGISTERING MECHANISM.
The term "register" is not to be understood in the limited sense of a "gradu-
ated scale," although there may be a graduated scale for the operator's observa-
tion. The units, and word spaces are registered" in the sense that the machine
itself ascertains or registers them by the varying extents of movement of certain
of its moving parts, which varying extents of movement are then employed to
control the carriage feed and the automatic justification accordingly.
**
There is at the back of the machine a ratchet wheel I, which may be termed
the unit register" wheel (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 16, 17 and 18). It turns on an axis
and receives its feed movement from the several performing levers H through
suitable devices, now to be described. There lies at the back of the levers H
an arm H on an upright shaft / free to turn in suitable bearings in the frame
(Figs. S and 15). This arm H₁ carries a series of anti-friction rollers, h³, 1,
hh, each bearing upon a separate lever H at a different distance from the
axis of the levers H. In the case illustrated, a given movement of the lowest
of the levers H (Fig. S) would give the least movement. to the shaft, while
at the other extreme, the uppermost lever H acting on the roller would give
it the greatest movement, and these variations are arranged to correspond with
the varying numbers of units (from 2 to 7) for the different characters.
The varying extents of the rotary movement thus imparted by the different
levers H, H, to the upright shaft (Fig. 8) are transmitted by bevel gears 18, h
(Figs. 15) to a horizontal shaft 10, which has at its outer end an arm (Figs. 16
and 18) provided with a projection 2 bearing against a nose 13 on the lower
arm of a lever g, which is free to turn upon the shaft 41º. A connecting pull
spring g tends to keep these parts g2 and 13 in contact with each other. A pull
spring (Figs. 3 and 16) acts through the described connections to keep the
rollers 2 clc. of the arm up against the levers H.
The lever carries at its upper end a pivoted feed pawl G' acted upon by a
spring, Fig. 18; the tooth of this pawl engages with the ratchet teeth of the
wheel I (Figs. 16 and 1S). The extent of movement of the lever H by the units
performing levers H determines how many ratchet teeth shall be taken at each
feed movement of the pawl G. Feed movement is imparted to the pawl G¹

page_text: from a cam G (Figs. 1 and 24) on the main shaft. This cam G has a side cam y
adapted to act upon a roller g on an arm (Fig. 1) upon an upright shaft g
(Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8), which carries at its lower end an arm gt connected by a
rod to the pawl-carrying, lever g".
The spring 3 before referred to, normally keeps the arm with its roller
out of the path of the cam g (Fig. 3) so that no movement will be imparted to
the pawl G. When however, one of the levers His acted upon by a representa-
tion pin (d to 8), the shaft 10 will be correspondingly turned to raise the
arm (Fig. 16) and by the spring will move the arm and the pawl-G
over a number of teeth of the ratchet-depending upon the extent to which the
arm Hand shaft have been rocked by the operated lever H. By the same
movement, the arm has been allowed to come into the path of the cam y,
which then moves the arm back and through the described connections draws
the feed pawl G¹ back to turn the register wheel I correspondingly.
A check pawl G2 holds the register in the position to which it may be turned,
until it is released or thrown out automatically as hereinafter described. To
prevent overthrowing of the register wheel, a fixed stop 2 (Figs. 16 and 18")
is provided on the frame of the machine to act in conjunction with a pro-
jection on the pawl, one or both of these parts being beveled in such a way
as to force the nose of the pawl down into the ratchet teeth as the pawl reaches
the end of its backward or feeding stroke. This locks the wheel securely at the
end of each feed movement.
The unit register wheel is provided with a back stop 14 (Fig. 16) to come
against the arm W of the frame, when the wheel is released from the pawls G¹
and G3 and flies back to the starting point under the action of a spring or counter-
weight, such as the weight Is upon the arm which has a toothed quadrant
gearing with the pinion on the wheel I.
The pawls G and G are released by the arm YS on the end of the rock shaft y
(Figs. 16, 18 and 44) which arm can press upon the rear end of the check pawl-G
to lift both pawls out of engagement with the ratchet wheel. This arm Ys. also
carries a spring plate Y, which when the released wheel I reaches the end of its
return movement will temporarily enter the notch of the wheel and stop
rebound of the latter.
To insure the feed movement of the unit register I being started on the proper
unit, a projection I (Fig. 16) is provided on the side of the pawl to engage with
a projection on the wheel.
In order that the machine may be operated more than a line in advance, and
that the units of the second line may be registered in composition, while the
first line is being justified and is receiving its final representation," the unit
registering mechanism is in two parts. There is combined with the wheel I a
supplementary register I in the form of a segmental ratchet wheel, which is
brought into operation towards the end of each line of composition. This
supplementary register I turns on the same axis as the wheel I, and has a
pin or projection, with which a pin or projection 12 on the wheel I comes into
contact near the closing limits of a line of composition. Thus as the wheel I
is intermittently fed forward in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 16, after the
pin 13 reaches the pin the supplementary register I10 is moved with it until
the end of the line is reached and the registers I and I have thus ascertained
the number of units the line is short or in excess of the assumed standard. A
check pawl Y5 (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) acted on by a pull spring holds the
register I so that the wheel I may be released to return to its starting point
again for the next line of composition, while the ratchet I10 keeps the registry
to control the justification of the composed line.
This register 10 controls the position of a slide or rack vertically adjustable
in a fixed guide W in the frame (Figs. 16, 17 and 18). In the present instance
this connection is through a segmental rack I attached to and moving with the
ratchet I and gearing into teeth on the side of the slide or rack. The position

page_text: of this slide 15 determines the amount of units to be added to or subtracted
from the normal word space feed in the automatic justification as will be herein-
after described.
The supplementary register 110 is released and allowed to return to its initial
position, when the forward movement of the register wheel I in registering a
succeeding line of composition brings projection I (Fig. 18) into
contact with a roller 73 on an arm y3 carried by a shaft yts (Figs. 16, 17, 18
and 47). This arm y acts on a pin on the check pawl Y15 to disengage the
wheel I. The projection I is as shown in Fig. 18, pivoted and provided with a
suitable spring, so that on the return movement of the wheel I, the projection Iº
can slip past the roller y without releasing the check pawl Y
The wheel I also carries a projection I (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) which within the
closing limits of the line being composed causes the shaft (Fig. 41) to rock
for purposes hereinafter described. This projection I, which like the projection I
is unyielding in the forward.movement but yielding on the return movement of
the wheel I (Fig. 18) is adapted to come into contact with a roller y" (Fig. 17) at
the junction of a pair of links and 10, the latter being supported on a
bracket y', and the former being connected to an arm y fast on the rock shaft y".
This rock shaft y' has fixed to it a pendent arm carrying a projection y.
Figs. 16, 18 and 41, which may engage with either of the notches yl, y16 of
the pivoted latch Y3, normally held in engagement with said arm by a
spring y
While not essential it may be a convenience, as where the line is to be closed on a
hyphen or in composing fabulated matter, to have a visible indicator, and also
an audible signal to indicate the closing limits. Such an indicator is shown at 18
(Fig. 2) the movable pointer thereof being carried by a horizontal spindle with
a pinion (Fig. 1) receiving motion from the pinion (Fig. 3) of the register
wheel I through the medium of a rack rod . The audible signal I may be
operated from the same spindle 7.
WORD SPACE REGISTER.
The pins of the second concentric row in the composing wheel are for the
word spaces. When one of these pins is set, it first comes into contact with the
performing lever J (Figs. 19 and 44). This in turn acts upon an arm carried
by a hub which turns freely upon the shaft y, and carries an arm provided
with a feed pawl to engage with the ratchet teeth of a wheel..J¹ Turning
independently on the same axis as the wheel J is another wheel or segmental
gear The wheel J has attached to it a pulley, Fig. 19, and the wheel I
has a similar pulley Fig. 5. To these two pulleys are connected the two ends
of the cord (Fig. 19) in the loop of which is suspended a weight, so as to
tend at all times to turn the wheels and in, a direction the contrary of that
pointed out by the arrow in Fig. 19. The wheel J1 carries a pin or projection 10,
which can come into contact with a pin or projection carried by the wheel J³
The wheel has a check pawl, which is normally held in engagement with
the wheel by a spring, but which can be lifted out and at the same time lift out
the feed pawl (Fig. 44) by an arm Y carried by the rock shaft y.
"
The gear wheel J engages with a word space" rack free to slide vertically
in guides in the frame. This rack is in two parts J and J, the former gearing
with the wheel J, while the supplementary rack J³ does not. The upward move-
ment of the rack J is limited by a fixed stop, Fig. 20. The downward move-
ment of the rack J5 is limited by a projection such as the end of pin reaching
the bottom of a slot in rack J. The rack J is provided with a stop piece
which at the proper time supports a rod (Figs. 21 and 40) in a certain position
vertically, dependent upon the number of word spaces registered, to distribute the
justification through those word spaces of the line, as hereinafter described.
This support 6 is made yielding in one direction, so that if projection zon
roda (Fig. 21) strikes the stop je on other than its downward movement, said

page_text: stop will yield; for this purpose the stop is pivoted at j and acted on by
spring 18 which keeps it normally against stop.
When the feed motion of the ratchet wheel J brings the pin 10 (Fig. 19)
against the pin, the gear wheel J³ will move with the wheel J and carry with
it downwards the rack J+; a loosely pivoted pawl engaging with its ratchet
teeth will hold the said rack and gear wheel in the positions to which they are
fed downwards, dependent on the number of word spaces in the line. A pivoted
pawl engaging teeth 15 on the rack J normally holds the latter in any position
to which it may be raised. A common spring may be used to keep these pawls
in engagement with their respective racks. Both pawls can be thrown out by
the arm Y secured to the rock shaft y" (Figs. 22 and 47) acting upon pins
and on the pawls, when the movement of the register wheel I brings the
projection I against the army on the same shaft
In Fig. 21, the supplementary word space rack J is shown as left in position
from a previously composed line (which is being justified) as with six word-
spaces, but in the succeeding line under composition, it is shown how the primary
rack has been moved down ten spaces. In Fig. 22, the shaft 7" has been
rocked (near the closing limits of the line being composed) and both pawls
and have been thrown out and supplementary rack has dropped back into
normal relation to the rack J by pin reaching bottom of slot 4 (Fig. 20).
The rack J, however, maintains its down position, registering 10 word spaces,
because the pawls and have not yet been released, the line under composition
not yet being closed, and consequently pin ¿ on wheel J¹ bears against pin on
gear wheel, to hold rack down. Immediately after re-engagement of the
pawls and (Fig. 23) the closing of the line causes the raising of the pawls
and when the weight (Fig. 19) causes the wheel J¹ to fly back to its starting
point.
The register rack J will now support the justifying rod at a proper low
position to distribute the justification through the ten spaces of the line, as herein-
after described.
'
When the unit register wheel I comes near the closing limits of the next line
being composed, the projection 16 (Fig. 47) will cause the shaft y" to rock again
and throw out the pawls and . If there are fewer word spaces in this new
line than in the preceding one, the wheel J³ will fly back elevating both racks
to a higher positon, such as shown in Fig. 19, for instance. This position may be
determined either by the rack reaching its stop Fig. 20, or by the pin jü on
4
wheel coming into contact with pin on wheel J.
The division of the word-space registering mechanism into two parts at 10
and permits the machine to compose more than a line in advance of the "final
representation," the ratchet J going back to begin registering on a new line,
while the wheel J3 and racks hold the registration for the subsequent justification
of the composed line. The division of the word space rack into two parts J and Ja
overlapping each other in their work, allows for the variation in the number
of word spaces in successive lines, that is, it permits the part J to be used with
the gear-wheel J for the registration of a line with more word spaces than are in
the previously composed line, which is being justified, while its word-space
registration is being maintained by the supplementary rack J, as illustrated
in Fig. 21.
LINE-CLOSING AT THE COMPOSING STAGE.
There now remains to be described at the composing stage or preliminary
performing part of the machine, the mechanism controlled by the line closing
pin and its performing lever Y+4, Figs. 7, 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45.
There is secured to the front end of the rock shaft 20, before mentioned, an
arm Y, Fig. 41, which carries at its upper end a projection . normally opposite
the outer end of the lever Y and in such a position that the said lever, when
-operated by a line-closing pin d' will strike the projection y on lever Y and rock

page_text: the shaft. As already described and as shown in Figs. 16, 18 and 44, this
shaft carries an arm Ÿ and at its other end an arm Y8. On the described
movement of the lever Y, the arm Y will release the word-space register wheel ]
from its pawls and and the arm Ys will release the unit register wheel I,
allowing these parts of the two registers to return to their initial positions for
the registration of another line.
The lever Yalso has a connection with the stop-motion for the main shaft E³,
such that when the said lever Y is moved over by the line-closing lever Y, the
wheel E will be unclutched from the main shaft and the machine stopped to
permit the register wheels I and J to return to their starting positions for the
new registration. This connection consists in the present instance of a rod
having a shoulder y (Figs. 7 and 44) bearing against an army on a spindley,
which has a finger y supporting the latch C (Fig. 12) of the bar Ets. Thus when
the lever is moved by a line-closing pin, the free end of the bar E will be
raised, so that the pin on the constantly vibrating lever E" will enter the slot €28
and will thrust the plunger E10 inwards to free the wheel E from the shaft 13
and frictionally lock the latter to the frame E, Fig. 12.
Provision is made for starting the machine again automatically as soon as the
released parts have fully returned to their initial positions. For this purpose the
pin I on the register wheel is availed of, to strike at the end of the return move-
ment, an army, Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 46, on the end of spindle y, which at
its opposite end has an army bearing against a rod . The front end of this
rod is opposite a pin 30 on the latch C', Figs. 12 and 46, when the latch bar E16
is raised; and since the latch bar remains raised, because the machine has stopped
so quickly that the lever I remains in the position shown in Fig. 44. the striking
of the pin 12, against the army. Fig. 46, will push the rod forward, and with
it the latch C, and disengage the latter from the finger . The bar E16, then
drops and the machine starts again automatically.
AUTOMATIC LINE CLOSING.
The main object of this feature of the invention is to increase the speed of
operation of typographic machines by enabling the operator of the typographic
machine, to which the invention is applied, to finger or operate the key-board
continuously without having to give any of his time to the separation and clos-
ing of the composed matter into lines.
This result is accomplished by combining with the space-key or bar, and with
line-closing devices and the register (or other device which measures the length
of, or number of units in, the matter being composed), a device or devices or
mechanism, whereby the operation of the said space-key, when the composed
matter reaches the closing limits" of the line shall automatically operate the
line-closing mechanism.
Between the line-closing mechanism and the above mentioned space-key there
is provided, according to this invention, suitable mechanism for connecting and
disconnecting those parts at the proper times in order that the movement of the
space key near the end of the line, and only then, will throw the line-closing
mechanism into action. At all other times the space key and the line-closing
mechanism will be so far free of each other that the space-key can perform its
normal duty of making spaces between words without affecting the line-closing
mechanism. The operation of the connecting devices is controlled by the register
or other moving part which indicates the length of, or the number of units in,
the line being composed, in order that when said line has reached a length within
so many units of the standard length of line (or in other words, the closing
limits the register or measuring part will then connect the space-key with the
line-closing mechanism. When the space-key is next operated at the end of the
word then being composed, this movement of the space-key will throw the line-
closing mechanism into action, and the line will be closed automatically, so that
the operator can proceed with his composition continuously.

page_text: A hyphen-key may, in the same way and by substantially the same means, be
automatically connected with the line closing mechanism by the measuring device
when the matter being composed reaches the closing limits of the desired length
of line, so that where there happens to be a very long word within these closing
limits, that word may be hyphenated and the line closed on the hyphen.
After the line has been closed automatically as described suitable means pro-
vided for the purpose disconnect the space-key automatically from the line-
closing mechanism in order that through the main part of this next line, such
key may perform only its ordinary duty of word spacing without affecting or
acting upon the line-closing mechanism. But when the closing limits of this next
line are reached, as indicated by the register, the latter will again automatically
connect the said key with the line-closing mechanism to make the line-closing
automatic.
This invention may be applied to various kinds of typographic machines. It
may be applied to typographic machines of the class in which the type are sup-
plied from magazines and set or pushed out in a continuous line, and in such
case this composed matter will be separated into lines of the desired length by
introducing line-spaces automatically on the operation of the space key or hyphen
key when connected up with the line-closing mechanism.
The invention may also be applied to that class of typographic machines in
which the lines are moved into galleys; such lines are automatically separated.
The invention may be similarly applied to machines in which the types are cast
and set.
This invention may also be applied to line-bar or linotype machines in which
matrices are assembled and a line cast therefrom. The closing of the line of
matrices has heretofore been effected by hand, by the operation of a line-key or
line-lever by the operator. According to the present invention; this closing of
the line of matrices is effected automatically by combining with the space key
and line-closing mechanism, devices, whereby those parts may be automatically
connected by the register when the line of matrices reaches the closing limits,
so that on the next operation of the space-key (or it may be a hyphen-key) the
line-closing mechanism will be operated automatically. In any of the classes of
typographical machines described for assembling types or dies, the line of types
or dies may themselves constitute the register or measuring means.
In a matrix-forming machine, the feed of the matrix carriage is effected with
each operation of a character-key or space-key, and mechanism is provided for
moving the matrix sheet from one line to the next. Combined with this line
movement mechanism and with the space-key are devices whereby those parts
will be automatically connected by the register when the given line reaches its
closing limits.
This invention is similarly applicable to type-writing machines.
For the purpose of carrying out this invention in the machine shown in the
drawings, the projection of the lever Y instead of being fixed thereon is carried
by a slide Y, which can have a limited movement lengthwise of' said lever and
is normally held in its upward position by a push spring 2, Fig. 41.
The slide can, however, be pushed down to bring the projection y out of line with
the line-closing lever Y and into line with the word space lever J, Fig. 45. This
is effected by an arm Y on the rock shaft acting upon a pin y¹ on the back
of the slide Y¹. As already explained, the projection I on the unit register
wheel I, when the latter reaches the closing limits of the line being composed
acts upon the roller y and through the link and arm y rocks the shaft y³,
Fig. 41, and presses down the slide Y to bring its projection opposite the
lever J, as shown in Fig. 43. It is now held in this position by the pendent
army, Figs. 41, 16 and 1S. engaging its pin y2 by the same movement with
the inner notch 16 of the latch Y. This is afterwards released and the rock
shaft allowed to return by the pin 1 (Fig. 16) on the return movement of
the register wheel striking the end 7 of latch Y.

page_text: It is preferable to hold the rock shaft y, however, until the wheel I has been
moved forward again to its starting position shown in Fig. 16, and therefore
there is provided on the wheel I a projection y", which comes in front of the
pin y on the arm y, as said pin is released from notch y16 of the latch Y³, and
this projection y holds back the arm y until the wheel is fed forward again to
the position shown in Fig. 16.
When the projection y has been pushed down as described within the closing
limits of the line in composition, it is evident that a word-space pin set within
such closing limits and acting upon its lever J will through the latter move the
arm over and through the rock shaft y, Fig. 44, automatically release the
unit register wheel I and the word space wheel J₁, and through rod y tempor-
arily stop the machine. At the same time it will automatically project in the
sanie radial row of the composing wheel a line pin ready to do its work
when it gets round to the final performing position, where it will act upon its
lever Z.
This automatic projection of the pin in the composing wheel is effected by
the devices shown in Fig. 45 and also in the plan view, Fig. 5. The rear side
of the slide Y acts against one arm of a lever pivoted at y to a bracket 2020,
Fig. 5, while the other arm of the lever acts upon a pivoted lever Y³ and this
latter pushes out the pin d in the same radial row with that word space pin ď
which has actuated the lever J and lever Y.
To avoid possible breakage of the projection y, should it happen that the
slide Y is pushed down while the word-space lever J is projected, this projec-
tion y is pivoted to the slide Y at its rear end and is held down by a pull
spring which will, however, yield when required, as illustrated in Fig. 42,
until the lever J returns, as shown in Fig. 43.
It may be added that the rock-shaft also carries an arm Y10, Figs. 16, 17,
44 and 48, which on the operation of the said rock-shaft within the line-closing
limits of a line being composed throws into operative position certain parts for
release of the justifying devices, as hereinafter described.
We now pass to the description of the mechanisms which are controlled by the
final performing levers Z, X¹, V, M, M" and M. First there will be described
THE CHARACTER LOCATING MECHANISM.
The principal parts of this mechanism comprise a movable type-carrier T,
slides controlling the movements of the carrier, and a rotary grooved cam cylin-
der on the main shaft, the slides having plungers to be projected into the cam
grooves to
cause the slides to move the type-carrier to bring the desired
characters in succession to the common point of impression and to return the
carrier to its normal central position. The projected pins upon the composing
wheel determine the selection of the plungers in the said slides and accordingly
also the characters to be brought to the point of impression.
As heretofore stated, the type-carrier itself may vary greatly in construction.
One in the form of a cylinder, as shown at T, in Figs. 28, 30 and 31, is preferred.
It is so mounted that it can have a longitudinal (in this case vertical) move-
ment and a rotary movement and so that these movements may be in different
directions from a normal central position. This type-cylinder has the type t
arranged on the cylinder in rows horizontally and vertically with the normal
central point indicated by the dotted square in the diagram Fig. 49, which shows
the preferred arrangement of the several characters. Any character on the
central vertical row can be located" or brought to the common point by a
vertical movement of the type cylinder upwards or downwards, and any character
on the central horizontal row can be brought to a common point by a hori-
zóntal or rotary movement to the right or left, while all the other characters
are located by combined vertical and horizontal movements, as will be readily
understood.
The cams by which these movements are produced are in the form of

page_text: grooves p¹³ &c. on the single cam cylinder P on the main shaft, Fig. 24.
The forms of these several cam grooves are shown extended, in the diagram
Fig. 25.
In front of this cam groove cylinder are mounted two slides Q and Q',
Figs. 2, 24" and 26, which are free to slide horizontally on guide rods
mounted in standards W on the frame of the machine.
Each of these slides Q, Q¹ is provided with a series of plungers 0, 0, 0², 0%, &c.
corresponding in number with the grooves in the cylinder P and movable trans-
versely in the slide and held by friction springs q, Fig. 26. When the slides
are in their normal central positions, as shown in Fig. 2 and 24", the inner ends
of these plungers 01, 02 &c. which may be termed selecting plungers, are
directly in line with the closely adjacent or entering portions of the cam-grooves,
so that then any selected plunger of either slide, at that point in the revolution
of the cam cylinder, may be projected into engagement with its corresponding
cam-groove, 72, 73, &c., and as the cam cylinder rotates, that groove will
cause the plunger slide to move horizontally to the right or to the left and to
a distance depending on the cam-groove selected.
In addition to the cam grooves, there is provided a centralizing groove P
which in the present instance is shown midway between the right and left-hand
sets of cams. To further effect with certainty the centralization of the slides,
while the selecting plungers are opposite the cut-away portion of the cam
cylinder, projections P¹ are provided against which the projecting lugs on the
slides Q and Q₁ can bear as the cam-cylinder rotates, Fig. 24".
cam
The series of grooves p¹, 7, 7, 7 on the right, can move either slide Q, Q'
to the right and return the slide to its normal position, while the
grooves 1, 2, 78 on the left can move either slide to the left and return at
each revolution of the cam cylinder. The two series of cam-grooves may act
on the plunger slides separately, or either series may act on both slides at once
so that all the desired movements of the type carrier are obtained from a single
cam-cylinder. In the diagram, Fig. 25, the direction of movement of the
cylinder is indicated by arrows. At the back of the grooves there is a transverse
incline, which, as shown in Fig. 8, will push back into the slides the plungers
which have been projected.
The two slides are so connected up by any suitable means to the type-carrier T
that one slide, say the upper slide Q, will impart rotary motion in one direction
or the other to the carrier while the other slide Q will impart vertical motion
to it up or down, according to the direction and extent to which the slides Q
and Q are moved by the cam grooves through the selected plungers.
In the specific construction shown, the type-carrier is composed of a sleeve T
on which is detachably held a shell T by means of a screw ring 1, Fig. 28. In
the shell T are vertical grooves for the reception of the type or punchest,
Figs. 28, 30, 30 and 31 but these types occupy only about one half the circum-
ference of the cylindrical type carrier, the other half of such circumference
being left free to bear against the support R (Figs. 30 and 31) as hereinafter
referred to. The type sleeve T is mounted on a spindle 18 so as to turn there-
with, but free to slide longitudinally thereon, as by means of a key moving in
a longitudinal key-way 15, Fig. 28. The spindle is turns in suitable bearings,
one at the lower part of the vibrating frame R, and the other at in the
detachable cap R.
To rotate the spindle 18, and consequently the type-carrier in one direction
or the other, there is mounted on the lower end of this spindle a gear wheel g
gearing with teeth 12 in a horizontal rod Q2 connected at its opposite end to
the slide Q.
:
To impart vertical motion to the type-carrier from the slide Q', the type
sleeve T has an annular groove 16 for the reception of the forked upper end 4,
Figs. 29 and 30, of the vertical rack into which meshes the pinion on the
horizontal shaft having at its opposite end the pinion g meshing into a rack
rack on a tubular rod Q3. The rod Q passes centrally through the tubular

page_text: ∙rod¨Q³, and the latter has a slot for the passage through it of the gear
wheel q. The tubular rod Q3 is connected to the lower slide Q¹ through an
arm and rod q+, Fig. 27.
The vibrating frame R₁ which carries the movable type-carrier and its spindle,
is pivoted by journals, Figs. 32 and 35 to bearings in the arched part .We of
the frame, Figs. 3 and 30. The connecting rods Q3, Q³ pass concentrically
through hollow journals, Figs. 30 and 32. The upper portion of the frame R
is somewhat in the form of a vertical cylinder with an opening through which
the type on the type shell can project, while the lower part of the frame has
an arm with an antifriction roller bearing against a cam 1, Figs. 24 and 32,
on the main shaft E³, this cam being such as to vibrate the upper part of the
type-carrier frame towards and from the matrix cylinder or carriage U, Fig. 30,
at each revolution of the shaft. In the upper part of the arched frame W8 there
is provided a back-stop, with an adjustable nut and a spring, while on
the upper part of the vibrating cylinder is a projection to make contact
with the back-stop at each stroke; this determines an accurate depth of
impression into the matrix paper on the carriage U.
At the back of the type-carrier T, directly opposite the point of impression,
there is an adjustable support R against which the back of the type-carrier T
rests. This support is adjustable by screws 29 and 30 in the plate 3 of the
vibrating frame, Figs. 30, 31, and 33.
O
At the
In order to secure perfect alignment of successive impressions additional
aligning devices are provided, as will now be described; On the type sleeve T
there IS secured
a flange T with right and left-hand notches
stops and 27, Figs. 28 and 34. To work in conjunction with these
aligning stops, there is provided a plate R5 mounted on vertical pivots
at and passing through the vertical slot 15 of the plate R³, Fig. 33.
outer end of this pivoted plate R, there is a flange R which has, as shown in
Fig. 34, two sets of aligning notches or stops and to co-operate with the
Hange T on the type-carrier. The plate has an arm, Figs. 32 and 34,
with a spring which tends to keep the notched flanges R and T2 in engage-
ment with each other. They are by means of a cam R on the main shaft,
Fig. 32, held out of engagement with each other except at the time when the
slides Q, Q under the action of the cam cylinder P are holding the type-carrier
with the desired type or punch in the impressing position. On referring to
the diagram, Fig. 25, it will be seen that the portion p10 of the revolution of
the cam marks the "locating" stage, the portion " marks the aligning stage,
the portion 22 marks the impressing stage, the portion 23 marks the freeing
of the alignment, and 2" marks the return of the slide. Just before the selected
plunger of a slide reaches the portion p of its groove (p², p2 &c.) the flanges Re
and 1 of the aligning devices are allowed to come into engagement and immedi-
ately the said cammed portion 2" will bring the adjacent stop on one of said
flanges firmly against the edge of the other Hange, to make the alignment per-
fect. Thus any stop of the flange on the type sleeve will abut against the
right side, Fig. 34, of flange Re, while any stop will abut against the left side
of said flange It. On the other hand the upper stops 24 of flange R will abut
against the upper side of flange T while the lower stops will abut against
the lower side thereof..
In order to make this alignment possible, a yielding connection is provided
between the slides and the type-carrier. In the present instance, this is pro-
vided where the rods Q and make connection with the slides Q and Qi in
boxes q, Fig. 27. The end of each rod is provided with a shoulder . Against
this and also against the inner end of a collar q¹ bears a loose ring. At the
outer end of each rod a nut q holds a collar q10 in place. Against this collar
and an internal flange in the box 'q' bears a loose collar 7. Between the two
loose collars and 8 is provided a spring q³. This construction will permit

page_text: a slight yield in either direction of movement of either slide, at the time of
alignment.
1977
:
The selection of the plungers 01, 02, 03, &c., of either slide Q, Quand'thoir
movement into engagement. with the corresponding cam grooves is controlled
from the keyboard through the medium, of the pins, to 18 inclusive of each
radial row on the composing wheel. These pins come into operation at the
final performing levers M, M and M, Figs. 15 and 36. The plungers are
operated by two pairs of strikers M³, M3, M, and M, each pivoted.at m¹³ to its
arm M. The strikers M³ and M control the plungers of the upper slide Q, while
the strikers M and M³ control, the plungers of the lower slide Q. Two of
the arms M², namely, those which carry the strikers M and M are mounted
on the ends of shafts m³. These shafts can receive a rocking motion from the
performing levers M through the medium of the levers M³ (loosely pivoted on
shaft 3) connecting rods m', arins m², shafts m³ and bevel gears m². The extent
of this rocking motion will depend on which one of the performing levers M
is acted upon by its projected pin in the composing wheel. Each of these
levers M has four rollers m, Figs. 15 and 36, set at different distances from the
axis of the levers M and from the axis of the levers M, so that the first four
levers M, Fig. 36, acting upon the first lever M, rock the corresponding shaft m
and consequently its arm M² and the striker M³ different distances depending
upon which of the pins d, 10, 11, di has come into action. This striker MB
is thus brought with one of its fingers m, m2 opposite one of the plungers (5
to 08 of the upper 'slide. In like manner the pins, and will operate
to move the striker M to different positions in front of the set of plungers Q
to 8 of the lower slide.
The arms Me which carry the strikers M³ and M23 rock on axes m³, Figs. 1, 2
and 36, and through gears 20, move simultaneously with and to the same extent
away from their normal central positions as the corresponding strikers M¹³
and M.
Each striker M³, M has two fingers m³ and m10, while the striker. M and M³
have similar fingers mll me, the purpose being, by duplicating the fingers on
each striker, to reduce the extent of movement required to bring the striker into
position to act on the several plungers. Normally the finger m of the striker M³
and the finger ml of the striker 13 are opposite the central plunger O of the
upper slide. Similarly the corresponding fingers of the strikers M and M³ are
opposite the central plunger 0 of the lower slide. At such time the outer
fingers m¹ and m2 of the respective strikers are not opposite any plungers but
between two adjacent plungers. A single movement of either set of strikers to
the right or left, from the action of a pin 12 or a pin will bring the fingers m³,
m midway between the respective central plungers and the two adjacent
plungers and will bring the fingers 10 and m2 opposite the next to the end
plunger of the slide. Similarly the action of any other of these pins of the
composing wheel from their respective performing levers will move only one or
other of the fingers of a striker into position to act on a plunger.
To push the plungers in to engage with their respective cam grooves after the
strikers have been moved into the selected position, the strikers are rocked upon
their pivots through suitable mechanism. In the present case the upper end
of each striker M³ and M has a connecting rod m passing at its rear end through
an opening in the flange n³, of a striker block N which rocks on the axis 2,
Figs. 8 and 36. The strikers M and M33 have similar push rods m¹. Rocking
motion is imparted to the striker block N¹ once at each revolution of the main
shaft by a cam groove N in the end of the cam cylinder P acting upon a roller n
on an arm n¹ carried by the axis 2. This block N¹ has pivoted to it-at no, at
right angles to its axis, two striker bars N2 and N³ which are normally held by
springs, Fig. 3, with the end of bar N2 opposite that rod m which acts upon
the striker M³, and with the striker bar N³ opposite that rod m which controls
the striker M. So long as these striker bars are left in their normál positions

page_text: If the
only the strikers M³ and M will be operated at each revolution of the shaft. If
the arms M have not been moved to carry the strikers away from their normal
positions, shown in Fig. 36, the central plungers only will be projected and the
type-carrier will accordingly be held in its normal central position.
arms M³ carrying the upper strikers have been moved to bring a finger of each
of those strikers opposite the selected plunger, that plunger of the upper slide
will be projected to enter its groove while the central plunger of the lower slide
will be projected to maintain the lower slide in its normal position while the
upper slide is moved sidewise. When the plungers 05, 06, 07, 08 on the left have
to come into action on either slide, one or other of the striker bars N N³ will
have to be thrown over into position behind the rod or rods m¹³ which control
the strikers M3 and M. This is effected through a pin d17 or 18 on the com-
posing wheel acting upon a corresponding performing lever M" or M18. Each
of these levers M7 M8 is in the present instance connected through a rod n¹³ to
a lever n3which in turn is connected by a rod to a bell crank lever 10; to
the other arm of this lever is pivoted a push rod whose free end passes through
a guide in the striker block N1 and bears against the lower end of the striker
bar N³ (or N³, as the case may be). The movement of this push-rod will throw
the corresponding striker bar into position behind the corresponding rod m15.
Springs ms are provided between nuts m19 (Fig. 8) on the rods m15 and m25
and the flange 3 of the striker block, in order to prevent the unoperated striker
from moving forward into the way of the plungers. Backstops m, Figs. 2 and 3,
are provided over the gears m to determine the correct central position of the
striker. It is preferred to construct each plunger as shown in Fig. 26 with a
reduced outer end o¹ (except in the case of the central plungers) and an anti-
friction roller o at its opposite end where it engages with the cam groove.
MATRIX CARRIAGE.
In the present machine, which is a matrix machine, the carriage is a platen on
which the matrix sheet is mounted. This carriage is in the form of a cylinder U.
(Figs. 2, 3, 30 and 40) mounted upon a hollow shaft Us which in turn is mounted.
upon a fixed but adjustable journal U. This journal U has, at its opposite ends.
eccentric portions, Fig. 40, the eccentricity being indicated by dotted lines
in Figs. 30 and 4. This journal U has a squared outer end to which a tool
may be applied to turn the journal in its bearings in the frame W8, and a set-
screw, Figs. 1 and 2, is provided to lock the journal in the frame in the
position to which it may be adjusted. By this rotary adjustment of this eccentric.
journal U the edge of the platen adjacent to the type-carrier can be brought
nearer to, or further from, the latter to get varying depths of impression, as will
be understood on reference to Fig. 30. To secure the matrix sheet upon the
carriage or platen the latter is provided with a longitudinal channel 18 into
which the ends of the matrix sheet, after being drawn taut around the cylinder
are frictionally fastened by driving in a key u, Fig. 30.
The carriage U can slide longitudinally upon the shaft U3 but must turn with
the latter because of the key sliding in the key-way . The longitudinal
movement of this carriage on the shaft U3 gives the feed for the characters and
word spaces, the line being printed or impressed longitudinally of the cylinder,
character by character, and the extent of feed movement varying with the units
required by each character when being impressed. The rotary movement of the
carriage gives the "line" feed.
NORMAL CARRIAGE FEED.
Longitudinal movement is imparted to the carriage U from a screw-feed shaft Vs
mounted in bearings in the arched frame WB. This shaft has a screw-threaded
portion engaging with a correspondingly threaded sleeve U2 having a yoke u¹
engaging with an annular groove in the end of the carriage. On the outer end
of this feed shaft Vs is an elongated pinion engaging with a gear-wheel Vi,

page_text: Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4. On the same shaft with this gear wheel V is a feed
ratchet V5 Fig. 38; with the teeth of this wheel engages a feed pawl on an
arm, and held in gear by a spring, Fig. 4. This pawl-carrying arm 19
receives its feed movement from a cam G on the main shaft E. This cam acts
on a roller 7 on an arm 18, on a shaft which carries the bell-crank lever 10,
one arm of which is connected by a rod all with the arm o
This cam G is arranged to act upon these feed pawl devices to different extents.
dependent upon the character being impressed, and this is determined by the
unit feed pins projected into the composing wheel coming into contact with.
the performing levers V, Figs. 15 and 38. Over the set of levers V lies a lever-
arm V having six rollers v set at different distances from the shaft to which-
the arm is attached, and at different distances from the axis of the performing
levers V, so that the operation of these several performing levers will give
different extents of rocking motion to the shaft. This rock shaft controls
the position of a variable stop V³, Figs. 38 and 38", through an arm supporting
the stem of said variable stop which is vertically adjustable in the frame but
is normally pulled down to its lowest position shown in Fig. 38 by pull spring.
At the upper end of this stop V2 are a number of steps marked, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
indicating corresponding units of feed allowed to be given to the ratchet wheel V5
and thence to the matrix carriage. This stepped upper end of the variable stop. V2
lies in a slot of a rod V connected to the lower arm of the bell-crank. lever v10..
Against the stepped side of this variable stop-rod bears an adjustable. rod 28.
guided in a part of the frame. A pull spring 6 normally keeps this back
stop against that one of the steps which is opposite to it, and this is dependent
upon the vertical position of the stop V².
When the stop rod is against the uppermost step of the stop V2, as shown in
Fig. 38, the roller 7 on the arm 18 will not be moved by the cam G and therefore
no feed motion will be imparted to the ratchet wheel. When, however one of
the performing levers V is elevated by a projected pin to 8 of the moving
composing wheel, the arm VI of the rock shaft will be moved to an extent
dependent upon which pin has operated the lever, and the stop V will be ele-
vated a corresponding distance. If the pin is the one which has come into
action, the greatest throw will be given to the arm and the stop V2 will be
raised until the step 7 is opposite the stop-rod 28, so that then the roller is allowed.
to come into engagement with the cam groove throughout its entire revolution
and the pawl will be moved the largest number of teeth (7) of the ratchet
wheel V and a correspondingly long feed motion will be imparted to the matrix
carriage.
LINE FEED.
To give the necessary rotary motion to the matrix cylinder U to feed at inter-
vals from one line to the next the hollow shaft U3 carries two ratchet wheels U6 U7
with different numbers of teeth to give different line spacing as may be desired,
Figs. 37 and 40. Into one of these ratchet wheels U engages a feed pawl Us and
under it a check-pawl U. Into the other ratchet wheel U can engage a feed
pawl and a check pawl U". Below the two pivoted check pawls is a rotary
lifting device U2 which can be turned by an arm 15, so that the projection 16,
Fig. 37, can lift the check pawl U and feed pawl U9 out of engagement with
the ratchet feed U7, while the check-pawl U10 and feed pawl U8 are brought into
engagement with the ratchet U. By giving a half turn to this lifting device U
the projection u will raise the pawls US and U and allow the pawls U and U
to come into action. The lifting device U can be held in either position by a
spring-stop u, Fig. 37ª.
The feed pawls US and U are both carried by an arm us on a shaft which
at its opposite end has an arm to which an operating rod 73 is connected,
Figs. 4 and 46. This rod Z³ is connected to an arm, Fig. 46, on the release
shaft 7' which extends longitudinally of the machine. On this release shaft 7

page_text: is an arm connected by a link z with a performing lever Z, Fig. 15. Each time
that a projected line pin on the composing wheel comes around to the final
performing position, it will act on this lever % to rock the release shaft and
through the devices just described, impart a line feed movement to the matrix.
carriage U, at the same time the rock shaft 7 releases the several parts to ba
restored to their initial positions, as hereinafter described.
AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING MECHANISM.
One of the features of the present invention is the automatic justifying mechau-
ism in which there is combined with the matrix or other feed carriage a mechanism
for giving to the carriage that variable space feed which is required by the vary-
ing unit widths of the different characters or letters and the unit widths of the
normal word spaces and with such feed mechanism is combined supplementary
mechanism controlled by the unit register and preferably also by the word-space
register to modify the normal feed in the word-spaces, increasing or diminishing
that normal feed to the extent that may be necessary to automatically justify the
line in such word spaces.
The detailed mechanism preferred to be employed is fully illustrated in Figs. 3,
5, 7, 18, 18, 40 and 48, but the essential elements of this part of the invention,
and the operation of the same will be best understood by reference to the dia-
gram, Fig. 39.
In this diagram U indicates the carriage to which the justifying feed motion
is to be imparted. The normal variable feed may be imparted to the carriage by
any suitable mechanism, this normal feed varying with the different widths of
the different letters or characters and with the widths normally allowed for word-
spaces. In the diagram, Fig. 39, there has been shown the same normal feed
mechanism which has already been fully described, except that it has not been
explained heretofore that the screw-shaft V8 can be moved longitudinally in its
bearings, heing normally pressed to the left by a spiral spring. The pinion 37
which engages with the gear wheel is elongated to permit of its longitudinal
movement without interfering with the rotary motion imparted to the shaft by
the normal feed.
Against the left-hand end (Fig. 39) of the feed shaft Va bears the end of a
lever X on a shaft, which has an arm r¹ connected to a radius rod. This
latter at its opposite end is guided in a curved slot in the segmental lever X* which
has its fulcrum at .
The position of the outer end of this radius rod in the slotted lever X is
determined or controlled by the unit register. For this purpose a pendent lega
on this radius rod 2 can come to rest upon a projection on the vertically adjust-
able unit register rack 13.
The lever is moved upon its fulcrum by mechanism dependent in its action
upon the number of word spaces in which justification of the line is to take place.
In some classes of work, as for instance in newspapers, it may suffice to pro-
vide for justification in the same number of word spaces for all lines. Thus it may
be provided to justify all lines in four word-spaces, it being assumed that there
will be at least four word spaces in every line. In such case it will be sufficient
to give to the lever X four movements on its pivot by suitable means at the
times when the four word-spaces in which justification is to take place are success-
ively reached. In the diagram we have indicated a connecting rod joined at
one end to the lever X at a proper distance from the fulcrum of the latter. The
rod, is shown connected at the other end to a hell-crank lever X2 controlled
from the word space representations in the composing wheel.
Some suitable means is provided for raising the outer end of the radius rod
in the curved slot of the segmental lever X in the diagram, a pendent rod x10 -
is shown pivoted to the rod and having near its lower end a toe which can
rest upon a projection on the lever X. This lever X is pivoted at a and is,
during part of the operation of the machine, intermittently fed downwards by:

page_text: suitable pawls 13, against the action of a suitable counterweight or spring.
In the present instance the counter-weight is shown as a weight X on a bell-
crank lever pivoted at a and connected by a link to an arm a
axis of the ratchet
The operation is this:
on the
The radius rod is raised to the. highest position in the slotted lever X by
the counter-weight X8 when the pawls and 1 are thrown out; by the time
the radius rod has reached its highest position, however, the nose of the
rod will have been forced off the lifting projection on the arm X by the
heel on the said arm acting on the extended end of the rod . The radius
rod drops again at once until its pendent leg comes to rest upon the projection 710.
of the rack, which thus locates or determines the position which the outer end
of the radius rod shall occupy in the slot of the lever X. According as that
connection is near to or further from the fulcrum of the lever X will
the end movement given to the part V8 of the feed shaft and hence to the car-
riage U be less or greater, when the rod a moves the lever X+ on its fulcrum at
each justifying word space. If the word-space rod be moved in the direction
of its arrow, at the word-spaces, as by a feed pawl a6 acting upon the ratchet teeth
of the lever X and the unit register gives to the radius roda a point of connection
to the lever X below the pivot of the latter, the normal feed of the carriage will
be increased at the word-spaces, as indicated by the dotted lines, while if the unit
register gives to the radius rod a position in the lever X above its pivot, the
normal feed of the carriage will be diminished at the word-spaces. The increase
or diminution being dependent upon the error shown by the unit register, the
result will be automatic justification of the line by the action of the devices
described.
If the composed line happens to be of the standard length the unit register
will locate the rod in line with the fulcrum of the lever X and the motion
imparted to the word space rod and the lever X will consequently impart no
end motion to the feed shaft Vs and carriage.
In the foregoing explanation of the elemental features of this part of the
invention, in connection with Fig. 39, it has been assumed, for the sake of
simplicity, that the justification is distributed through the same number of
word spaces in all the lines, four word-spaces being provided for in the lever X2.
In practice, however it is preferable to construct the machine so that the justifi-
cation has to be distributed over more or fewer word-spaces in different lines
according to the number of such spaces in those lines.
For this purpose, the lever X, as shown in Figs. 7, 40 and 48, is provided
with a greater number of ratchet teeth for engagement of the feed pawl 16,
and the word-space rod is connected to a curved slot in the lever X in the
same way as the radius rod is connected to the segmental lever X+; and the
position of the end of the rod in the lever X is determined by the word
space register. The two levers X and X are secured to a common shaft or
fulcrum, through brackets a, and this shaft turns in a bearing W15
in the frame. The manner of connecting each of these radius rods and
to its segmental lever is illustrated more clearly in Figs. 18. and 48; each rod
has a roller (a) working in a slot in its segmental lever. The rod. has
pivoted to it a pawl with a tail piece and a spring a to cause its lower end
to engage with ratchet teeth on the segmental lever X, except when the
upright arm acting upon the tail piece throws the said pawl out of engage-
ment with its ratchet, Figs. 17, 18, 40 and 48. In like manner the word-space
rod has pivoted to it a pawl with a tail piece to be acted on by the
upright lever and a spring to throw the pawl into engagement with a
ratchet on the segmental lever X³, when the lever 78 does not hold the
pawl out.
The end of the radius rod is connected to the arm secured to
the shaft which has the arm X to bear against the end of the feed shaft V8,
Figs. 40 and 48. The end of the word-space rod is connected to the arm 27

page_text: of the lever X3 which can turn on the shafts. The pawl which engages with
the teeth 2 of the lever X2, Fig. 40, is pivoted to a lever turning on the
same shafts, and this pawl-carrying lever is connected by a rod ¼ to
the performing lever XI. Each time a word-space pin d² comes around to the
final performing position it lifts the lever ¹ and through the connections
described causes the pawl as to raise the lever X one tooth, and a check pawl 18
holds the lever in its raised position.
Each of the radius rods, has a pendent lifting rod 10 with its toe
to be acted on by the lifting lever X on the shaft and counter-weight
devices, such as already described with reference to Fig. 39.
The lifting of the counter-weight X8 for a new operation is effected by the
action of a pawl a carried by an arm 0, Fig. 7, free to turn upon the shaft ..
This pawl-carrying arm may be actuated from the main shaft in any suitable
way, as by means of a cam X6, Fig. 24, on the end of the cylinder P. acting
against a roller on an arm of a bell-crank lever pivoted at to the part W
of the frame, and having its other arms, Fig. 2, connected by a rod
the arm and pawl and 1, Figs. 7 and 40. A check pawl pivoted to
a bracket on the frame will hold the segmental ratchet and connected parts
in the positions to which fed by the pawl, until, through the arm Z10 and
rod Z on the rocking of the release shaft 7, the check pawl is lifted and
the overlying feed pawl is lifted with it.
to
On such release of the pawls from the ratchet the counter-weight X8
will cause the arms X acting upon the toes of the lifting rods 10 to raise the
two radius rods 2 and in the slots of the curved levers X and X. By
the time the ends of these radius rods reach the tops of the slots, the toes
will have been pushed off the lifting projections of levers X by the heels,
Fig. 40, and the radius rods and will at once fall again until the leg
of the rod comes to rest upon the projection 6 of the unit register rack 15,
and the projection of the word-space rod comes to rest upon the pro-
jection of the word-space rack J, as shown in Fig. 40. During this down-
ward movement of the radius rods the pawls ar and will have been held out
of their respective ratchets and by the upright arms and 7, Figs. 40
and 48. Immediately thereafter the arms and 78 are moved to allow the
pawls and to engage with the teeth of their respective ratchets correspond-
ing with the positions in which the radius rods are then held by the unit
register rack and the word space register rack. These ratchets 8 and thus
maintain the registration of both the units error and the number of word spaces
in the line until justification is completed.
By way of illustration there will be now described the justification of a line
having an error of sixteen units short of the standard line and seven word-
spaces in which to justify. Fig. 40 may be taken as representing the positions
which the radius rods and would then occupy in the slotted levers X
and X, as determined by the unit register rack and the word-space register
rack J, the said radius rods being then locked in those positions by their
respective pawls and. Each time the word-space pin d² in the composing
wheel, revolving in the direction of the dotted arrow, Fig. 40, reaches the final
performing lever X the bell-crank lever X² will be raised one tooth of its ratchet
and held by its check pawl 18. This movement of the arm X2 is conveyed to
the word-space rod which pushes the lever X³ and consequently the lever X
one-seventh of its full sweep, in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 40, thus
accomplishing one-seventh of the justification of the represented line. The unit
radius rod being located in its lever X at a distance from the fulcrum #34
equal to sixteen units, is moved to the left one-seventh of the sixteen units with
the lever X. This movement of the radius rod causes a corresponding forward
movement of the feed shaft Vs, and carriage U, Fig. 39, adding to the normal
two-units word-space an additional space equal to one seventh of sixteen units.
At each word-space a like addition is given to the normal word-space feed

page_text: +
so that when the end of the line is reached automatic justification will be
complete.
When the line composed is found to be some units longer than the standard,
the unit register rack will have been fed to such a high position that then
the radius rod will come to rest thereon with its end in the slot of the lever X+:
at a point above the fulcrum of the lever; consequently each movement of the
pair of levers X3, X at the word-space will move the arm X backwards and
owing to the spring the normal word-space feed will be proportionally
diminished the requisite amount to bring the line at its close to the standard
length.
When the word-space devices move the pair of slotted levers X3 and X* upon
their common fulcrum a pin 70 on the lever. X, Fig. 18, will push the
supporting leg (against the action of a spring) off the supporting projec-
tion of the units-rack ; which is this freed to receive the registration of
the succeeding line. In that Fig. 18, the rack 15 is shown as fed upwards for
registration of a subsequent line a fewer number of units short of the standard
than was the preceding line whose registration is still kept by the pawl of the
radius rod Fig. 18 shows how thereafter the radius rod has been elevated
by the devices heretofore described and then dropped until its leg 7 is supported
on the adjusted register rack 15. The spring by keeping the pivoted leg að
against the pin 70 brings the said leg into proper position to come down onto
the projection 16 of the rack, because meantime the lever X has resumed its
initial position.
If for any reason the radius rod 29, when intended to drop in lever X³ say
10 spaces, should catch and stop at a less number, say 4 word spaces, the justifying
devices would nevertheless attempt to continue to feed for the 10 spaces and
then some part would break, because the lever X3 would have been given its
full sweep by the time the fourth word space had been reached. To prevent
such accident, the safety catch X, Fig. 40 is provided. It is pivoted at, and
- is connected to the lever X3 by a rod, so as to throw the catch X under the
projection of the pawl 15, when raised and lock it in its raised position and
so prevent its descent for another tooth, whenever and as soon as the lever X" has
reached its full sweep.
RELEASE MOVEMENTS.
:
It has been already described how, at the close of a line, the rocking of the
release shaft Z by the "line" pin d, Fig. 46, coming into contact with the
performing lever %, causes the line-feed to be imparted to the carriage through
the rod and connections to the pawls US and Uº.
The same movement of the release shaft releases a number of other parts
and devices to restore them to their initial positions, and at the same time
causes the machine to stop by the throwing of the clutch, the machine being,
however, re-started automatically as soon as the parts released have reached their
initial positions.
At the right-hand end of the shaft is secured an arm 76 which controls
the automatic stop-motion mechanism. This arm acts upon a finger secured
to a cross-shaft (Fig. 46). This cross-shaft y carries a finger 26. supporting
the latch C, Figs. 12 and 46, of the latch-bar E16, so that the rocking of the
shaft Z raises the latch-bar E16, through the connections described, so as to
bring the pin of the vibrating lever E into the slot 8 with the result of
pulling out the plunger E to stop the machine.
Another arm Z10 Fig. 10, adjacent to the arm is connected by a rod 10,
Figs. 6, 7 and 40, to the rear arm of the check pawl, so that on the rocking
of the release shaft, this pawl and the feed pawl are both thrown out of
engagement with the ratchet, and the arms X will raise the radius levers a²
and and allow them to drop again onto the newly set register racks 15
and J³..

page_text: Another arm 5, Figs. 5, 6, and 48, on the release shaft Z is connected by
a rod to an arm on the check-pawl 18 of the word-space devices, and when the
release shaft is rocked, this check-pawl is disengaged from the ratchet teeth
of the lever X and at the same time it lifts up the feed pawl 16, so that this
lever X can then drop down again to its starting point and draw back the pair
of slotted levers X3 and X+ to their initial position prior to the beginning of a
new justifying action.
At the left hand end of the release shaft is an arm connected by a link 7
to the rear arm of the check-pawl of the carriage feed ratchet wheel V, Fig. 46.
When the release shaft 7 is rocked as described this check-pawl will be lifted
out of engagement with the wheel V and the feed pawl will be lifted out at
the same time, so that then, under the action of a suitable spring or counter-
weight, such as the weight on the cord, passing around a pulley,
Figs. 3, 4 and 6, the said wheel V5 can return to its starting point which is
reached when the stop on the wheel comes against a fixed stop on the frame,
Figs. 1, 2, and 4.
Ag
The return movement of this wheel V75 is availed of to re-start
the machine through the following connections to the clutch mechanism.
shown in Fig. 46, a projection 26 on the wheel V5 when the latter reaches its
initial position, comes into contact with one arm of the bell-crank lever 27 con-
nected by a link to a bell-crank lever which in turn is connected by a
rod 30 to an arm on a shaft which also carries an arm. The upper end
of this arm is connected to a bent-push-rod Z2, whose outer end is opposite a
pin or projection y on the latch C₁ of the bar E16. Through the connections
described, or other suitable connections the return of the wheel V pushes the
latch C off the end of the supporting arm 2, so that immediately the bar E
will drop and thereupon the vibrating lever E will draw out the plunger E10
and clutch the driving wheel to the shaft.
The release rock-shaft Z has still another arm Z, Fig. 48, through which the
locking pawls and of the radius rods and are released from the
slotted levers X and X for a resetting of the radius rods for the justification of
the next line. For this purpose the arms 27 and Z8 which are to act on the tails
of the pawls and are secured to a rock shaft z having an arm to which
is pivoted the lever 7, whose upper hooked end 28 engages with the arm 75, Fig. 48.
The release shaft 7 is operated by every set" line pin d', as it comes to the
final performing position whether that line pin has been set automatically for a
full length line requiring justification or has been set by hand for a short line,
which is not to be justified.
In order to prevent such a "short line" pin from operating the justifying
mechanism, and attempting to justify such short line, the following devices are
employed:
To the lower arm of the check pawls of the word-space lever X2 is connected
a catch rod, Figs. 7, 40, 46 and 48, which, when the pawls 16 and 18 are
thrown out, Fig. 48, by the rocking of the release shaft will hook its nose ²?
over a fixed keeper, and prevent said pawls from operating on the ratchet teeth
of the word-space lever X unless the supporting link Z carried by the arm
on the rock shaft 12 has lifted the catch rod clear of the keeper
Provision is made for normally keeping, the hooked upper end of the lever out
of engagement with the arm 7% of the release rod, as shown in Figs. 16, 17
and 40, and throwing the said lever into engagement with said arm only during
the latter part of each line of "final impression." For this purpose the shaft y³
which is rocked within the closing limits of each line in composition, Fig. 41, is
provided with an arm Y. This arm has a pin y, Fig. 16, working in a slot y35
in a horizontal latch y, whose opposite end is hooked at y to engage with a
fixed keeper, when pushed forward. A pull spring connects this latch y
with the lever and tends to keep the projection Figs. 17 and 4S, against
yn on the lever
the said lever z. The latch also rests upon a projection

page_text: When the closing limits of a line in composition is reached, and therefore
when the preceding line, which is receiving its final representation." is about
half completed, the rocking of the shaft. y and consequent movement of its
arm pushes the latch forward until its end hooks over
the fixed keeper y. Through the spring the hooked upper end of the lever 27
is pulled over into the path of the arm and remains there ready for the move-
nient of the. latter, Fig. 48, unless the short line devices now to be described
prevent it:
it would act on the
the lever which is
Such a line pi
On a shaft is fixed a long curved lever 7", Figs. 6,7, and 48, which through
.thic. action of its counterweight on the arm lies just within the line of the
outermost concentric row of pins (¹) on the composing wheel. If a projected one
of these line pins d should at this stage reach the lever
latter to rock the shafts and through the arm 1 act on
pivoted at and acts on the lower arm of the lever
reaching the lever Z" at this stage would be a pin set by hand for a short line,
and through the connections described the upper hooked end of the lever would
be held out of the way of the arm 7, and therefore the rocking of the release
shaft will have no effect upon the rock shaft and the arm will not
through the link % lift the latch 2, but the hooked end of the latter will catch
over the keeper and consequently the pawls and will be kept out of
engagement with the teeth of the word space lever X3 and no movement of the
justifying devices can take place for this short line.
When the lever engages with the arm % of the release shaft Z, the same
lifting motion which rocks the shaft to throw out the pawls and 1 and
disengage the latch rod from its keeper, also lifts the latch y by the projec-
tion on the lever acting on the underside of the latch to disengage it
from the keeper y, the tension of the spring then drawing the latch back
sufficiently to keep it out.
GENERAL OPERATION.
The operator should begin by "setting" a line pin in the composing wheel
in order to insure the return of the moving parts to their initial positions from
the positions in which they may have been left by a previous use of the machine.
The driving wheel having been started, the operator now fingers the keys, as
he woulds the keys of a type-writing machine, but he can do this continuously,
as the machine automatically closes the lines, justifies them and arranges the
matter in a justified column.
pre-
This fingering of the keys causes the corresponding striker bars A to be lifted
into the path of the power-operated and constantly moving striker A, as the
keys are released by the operator. As the striker can engage the bars to move
them forward only at a certain point in its stroke, the selecting pins and
universal bars are operated at the proper time to project or set the desired"
liminary representation" pins in the composing wheel. By the action of the
selected representation pins upon their preliminary performing levers. the unit
registering devices register or ascertain the number of units in the matter being
composed, and at the same time the word-space register ascertains the number
of word spaces in the line. If, for the sake of illustration, the standard line be
assumed to be one of 130 units, the matter being composed will have its "line-
closing limits". ranging from say 105 to 140 units. When the unit register
reaches such line-closing limits, the word-space key will be connected up
(indirectly through its projected word space pin d'on the composing wheel) with
the line closing mechanism, by the downward movement of the slide Y to bring
its, projection y opposite the lever J. Figs. 41 and 43, and thereupon the next
word-space pin' will close the line automatically and release the unit and word-
space registers or the parts I and J' thereof to return for registration of the next
linc: At the time of this release of these registers the automatic stop motion

page_text: its
of
will be actuated to momentarily stop the composing wheel and other parts of the
machine until the released parts of the registers have reached their initial posi-
tions, and then the machine is automatically restarted. As illustrated in Fig. 50,
the representation of a complete line in the particular arrangement shown in the
drawings will occupy about one-half the composing wheel, and about
one-half of the second line will have been composed or have
preliminary representation "set," before the
"final representation"
the first line begins. This final representation begins when the first set pins
come around to the final performing levers, where the selection of the character
on the type-carrier and the movement of the latter are determined by the selected
levers M, M17 and M18. At the same time the selected levers V impart, such units
feed to the matrix or other carriage as will correspond with the widths of the
characters being impressed. In the meanwhile the units register rack 15 has
been set in a position determined by the ascertained number of units which the
composed line is longer or shorter than the predetermined standard.
The word-space rack J³ has also been set in a position determined by the auto-
matically ascertained number of word-spaces in the line composed. Accordingly
the radius rods and are set by these racks in corresponding positions in their
respective segmental levers X and X3, with the result of modifying the normal
word space feed of the carriage, to increase or diminish such word space feed, so
that by the time the end of the line is reached it will have been automatically
justified, as heretofore described in detail.
When the end of the line is reached at the final performing lever, the "set"
line-closing pin will so operate the release rod as to cause the necessary line
feed to be given to the carriage and to cause the several moved parts controlled
thereby to be restored to their initial positions, and the machine to be automati-
cally stopped until such parts do reach their initial positions and to be then
automatically re-started on the succeeding line.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, what I claim is:-
1. In a typographic machine the combination of a key-board with a preliminary
representation device having movable pins and constantly moving power-operated
meairs for setting said pins as selected by the keys.
2. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a preliminary
representation device having movable pins, striker bars to set said pins and a
constantly moving power-operated means to engage said striker bars when selected
by the keys.
= 0) 8
.10-
3. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a preliminary
representation device having movable pins, striker bars to be selected by the keys,
power-operated means to act on the said striker bars and selecting pins, and
universal bars between the striker bars and the representation pins, substantially
as described.
4. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device having movable pins with striker bars controlled by the keys and selecting
pins and universal bars between the striker bars and representation pins,
substantially as described.
5. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a series
of striker bars and a power-operated device to act on said striker bars as selected
by the keys and means whereby said power-operated device can engage the
striker-bars only after the release of the keys by the operator.
6. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device and a key-board with a series of striker bars controlling the preliminary
representation and a power-operated device to act on said striker bars as selected
by the keys and means whereby said power-operated device can engage the striker-
bars only at a certain point in its movement.
7. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a series of

page_text: striker bars and a power-operated striker to act on said bars as selected by the
keys and means whereby said striker can engage the bars to move them only at
a certain point in the movement of the striker, and after the release of the keys
by the operator.
8. In a typographic machine, the combination of the key-board and a series of
striker bars having projections, with a power-operated striker to act on said
projections of the pars as selected by the keys, but only after the release of the
keys by the operator.
9. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a series.
of striker bars and a power-operated striker to act on said bars as selected by the
keys, after the release of the keys by the operator.
10. In a typographic machine, the combination of preliminary representation
device and a key-board with a series of striker bars controlling said preliminary
representation device, and a power-operated striker to act on said striker bars as
selected by the keys after the release of the keys by the operator.
11. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board and a series
of striker bars having projections and raised portions such as a, with a power-
operated striker to act on said projections and raised portions of the bars as
selected by the keys.
12. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board and spring-
actuated key rods, with a series of striker bars, each key rod having means to
engage its striker bar on the downward stroke of the key rod and to lift the bar
on its upward stroke, and a power-operated striker to act upon the lifted striker
bar.
18. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board and striker
bars controlled thereby, with a power-operated device to act on the striker bars,
with two sets of selecting pins universal bars between the two and levers acted on
by the second set of selecting pins.
14. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device having movable pins, a key-board and striker bars controlled by the
keys, with a power-operated striker to act on said bars, two sets of selecting
pins, universal bars between the two sets of selecting pins, and levers acted on
by the second set of selecting pins to project the pins in the preliminary repre-
sentation device.
15. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel having
moyable pins, with a setting frame having an escapement connection with the
composing wheel and having a row of pins to act on the pins of the composing
wheel, with a key-board and a series of bow-levers controlled from the key-board
to act on the pins of the setting frame.
16. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel and a
setting frame having an escapement connection therewith and a key-board, with
a stop device for the key-board to be brought into action when the setting frame
passes beyond a prescribed limit of movement.
17. A typographic machine, provided with line-closing means and an automatic
stop motion operated by the said line-closing means.
IS. A typographic machine provided with an automatic stop-motion and a unit
registering device and means whereby the release of the unit registering device at
the close of a line throws the stop motion into action.
19. A typographic machine provided with stopping and restarting mechanism
and a unit-registering device and means whereby the release of the unit-register-
ing device, at the close of a line, actuates the stop-motion, and on the return of
the unit-registering device, to its initial position actuates the re-starting
mechanism.
20. A typographic machine provided with automatic line-closing mechanism
and a stop-motion controlled by said automatic line-closing mechanism.
21. A typographic machine provided with a feed carriage and a stop-motion,

page_text: means for imparting line-feed to the carriage and devices whereby the stop-motion
is actuated at the line-feed.
22. A typographic machine provided with a feed carriage, stopping and re-
starting mechanism, means for imparting line-feed to the carriage and devices
whereby the stop-motion is actuated at the beginning of the line-feed and the
re-starting mechanism is actuated at the close of the line-feed.
23. A typographic machine provided with a main shaft, an automatic stop
motion therefor and a release shaft adapted to return the parts of their initial
positions and to actuate the said stop-motion.
24. A typographic machine having a representation device, a feed motion
therefor, a unit register and means whereby the release of the unit register to
return to its initial position at the close of a line stops the feed of the representa-
tion device.
25. A typographic machine provided with a composing wheel and feed motion
therefor, a unit register and means whereby the release of the unit register to
return to its initial position at the close of a line automatically stops the said
wheel feed, and on the return of the unit register, re-starts the said wheel feed,
substantially as described.
26. In a typographic machine the combination of the main shaft carrying
actuating canis, with a driving wheel and intermediate clutch mechanism and
line-closing devices controlling said clutch mechanism.
27. In a typographic machine the combination of a main shaft carrying actuat-
ing cams with a driving wheel, intermediate clutch mechanism and a unit-register
controlling said clutch mechanism.
28. In a typographic machine, the combination of the main shaft carrying
actuating cams, with a driving wheel, intermediate clutch mechanism on said
shaft, a release shaft adapted to return the moving parts of the machine to
their initial positions and controlling said clutch, as and for the purpose set
forth.
29. A typographic machine having a main shaft and a clutch mechanism on
said shaft provided with means whereby it is thrown into and out of action at a
fixed point in the revolution, as and for the purpose set forth.
30. In a typographic machine having a representation device the combination
of a unit register and a word-space register with an automatic stop-motion
controlled by the unit register to stop the feed of the representation device
during the return of the unit and word space registers to their initial positions.
31. A typographic machine provided with a representation device having
movable pins and a correcting key to return wrongly-set pins.
32. A typographic machine provided with a representation device and a unit
register operated from said representation device.
33. A typographic machine provided with a composing wheel having repre-
sentation pins with a unit register operated by units-pins on said wheel.
34. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel having
representation pins, units performing levers to be actuated by said pins, means for
moving said levers into and out of the path of the pins and a unit register
controlled by said levers.
35. A typographic machine provided with a unit register, feeding devices
therefor and means to positively lock the register at the end of each feed movement
to prevent overthrow.
36. A typographic machine provided with a registering ratchet wheel, a feed
pawl therefor and means for locking the pawl into the teeth of the ratchet at the
close of each feed movement to prevent overthrow of the register.
37. A typographic machine provided with a registering ratchet wheel, a feed
pawl therefor, a projection on the pawl and a fixed stop to force the nose of the
pawl into the ratchet teeth at the end of the feeding stroke.
38. A typographic machine provided with a registering ratchet wheel and a

page_text: feed pawl therefor, with a projection on the wheel and a projection.o̟n, the pawl to
engage with each other to cause the register to start from a normal position.
39In a typographic machine the combination of a composing wheel having
movable pins with a unit registering device, a feed pawl for the latter, a series
of units performing levers controlled by said. pins, an arm adapted to be, moved
to different extents. by the different performing levers and controlling the said
pawl and a cam to give feed movement to the pawl.
40. A typographic machine provided with justifying mechanism a representa-
tion device and a unit register in two parts, one of which can return to its initial
position for registry of a new line, while the other holds the registry of the first
line and means for maintaining the unit registration in the justifying mechanism.
41. In a typographic machine, the combination of an automatic justifying
mechanism, with a unit registering device in two parts to control the said
justifying mechanism and adapted to receive and maintain the units registra-
tion of more than one line at a time and means for maintaining the unit regis-
tration in the justifying mechanism.
42. In a typographic machine, the combination of a representation device and
automatic justifying devices with a unit register in two parts controlling said
justifying devices and additional means for maintaining the unit registration in
the justifying devices.
43. A typographic machine provided with a unit register in two parts with
means for holding the second part to maintain the registration and devices on
the first part to release the second part near the closing limits of the line.
44. In a typographic machine, the combination of a units register and means
for releasing the same at the closing of a line to return to its initial position,
with a catch to temporarily hold said line-closing means and a device on the
units register to release said catch.
45. A typographic machine provided with a representation device and a word-
space register operated from said representation device.
46. typographic machine having a composing wheel with movable pins and
a word-space register controlled from said pins.
47. In a typographic machine, the combination of a word-space register, with
a composing wheel having word-space representation pins with a performing
lever to be operated thereby and adapted to act on said word-space register.
48. A typographical machine provided with justifying mechanism and a
word-space register in two parts, one to hold the registration while the other
returns to its initial position for the registry of the word-spaces in the next line,
and means for maintaining the registration in the justifying mechanism.
49. A typographic machine having a word-space register comprising a ratchet
wheel and a word-space rack, the latter being in two parts, the first of the two
parts being fed by the ratchet wheel.
50. In a typographic machine, the combination of justifying mechanism,
with a word-space register in two parts, one of which holds the registry to control
the justifying mechanism, while the other returns to its initial position to register
the word-spaces in a new line, and means for maintaining the registration in
the justifying mechanism.
51. In a typographic machine, the combination of automatic justifying
mechanism with a word-space register in two parts and means to maintain the
word-space registration in the justifying devices after the said register has been
released for the registry of a new line.
52. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device and automatic justifying mechanism with a word-space register in two
parts and means to maintain the word-space registration in a justifying device
after the said register has been released for the registry of a new line.
53. In a typographic machine, the combination of justifying mechanism with
a word-space register in parts adapted to receive and simultaneously hold the
word-space record of more than one line, means for releasing the primary

page_text: registry for the registration of a succeeding line, means for maintaining the
registration in the justifying mechanism, and means for subsequently releasing
the secondary registers, substantially as described.
54. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier, slides having
plungers and controlling the type-carrier and operating cams for the slides, with
selecting strikers each having two prongs spaced so that when one prong is
opposite a plunger the other will be between the plungers, as and for the pur-
pose set forth.
55. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier and aligning
devices therefor, with slides controlling the type-carrier, and having plungers,
a cam grooved-cylinder to operate the slides, each groove having a locating and
an aligning section preceding the impression section.
56. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type carrier, of align-
ing devices with slides controlling the type-carrier and having plungers, a
cammed grooved cylinder to operate the slides, each groove having a locating
and an aligning section followed by an impression section and a section for free-
ing the alignment.
57. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier and align
ing devices with slides controlling the movements of the type-carrier, and
spring connections between the type-carrier and slides adapted to yield in both
directions.
5S. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type shell having an align-
ing flange provided with stops facing in opposite directions and an aligning plate
having a flange with like stops to operate with the flange on the type-carrier,
slides to move the type-carrier in different directions and yielding connections
between the type-carrier and slides, as and for the purpose described.
59. In a typographic machine, the combination of a vibrating casing and a
type-carrier therein with rods to operate the type-carrier in different directions
and passing through the trunnions of the vibrating casing.
60. In a typographic machine, the combination of the feed carriage and means
for imparting to it normal feed with justifying mechanism controlling the
carriage in one direction, and a spring controlling it in the other.
61. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage, a feed screw
shaft therefor and feed mechanism for rotating the said shaft, with a spring
controlling the end movement of the shaft in one direction, and justifying devices
controlling it in the other direction.
62. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and a pawl
and ratchet feeding device, with a cam controlling the latter, a stepped stop
device controlling the action of the cam, with a preliminary representation device
controlling said stop device.
63. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a segmental lever and word-space devices controlling
the movement of said segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjustable con-
nection with the said segmental lever and controlling said feed mechanism.
64. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a unit register, a segmental lever, word-space devices
controlling the movement of said segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjust-
able connection with the said segmental lever and controlling the feed
mechanism, and devices whereby the unit register determines the point of con-
nection of the radius rod and the segmental lever.
65. In a typographic machine, the combination of preliminary representation
mechanism, a feed carriage and feed mechanism therefor, with a segmental lever,
a radius rod having an adjustable connection with said segmental lever and con-
trolling the feed mechanism and devices whereby the unit representation controls
the point of connection of the radius rod with the segmental lever.
66. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a segmental lever, a radius arm having an adjustable

page_text: connection with the said segmental lever and controlling said feed mechanism,
word-space devices controlling the movement of the segmental lever and devices
for automatically determining the point of connection of the radius rod with the
segmental lever according to the units error of the line being composed.
67. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a pair of segmental levers, radius rods having adjust-
able connections with said segmental levers, one radius rod controlling the feed
mechanism and with word-space devices controlling the movement of the other
radius rod, and means for automatically determining the points of connection
of the radius rods with their respective segmental levers according to the units
error and word-spaces in the line.
GS. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with units and word-space registers, a pair of segmental
levers, a pair of radius rods having adjustable connection with said segmental
levers, one radius rod controlling the feed mechanism, word-space devices con-
trolling the movement of the other radius rod and means whereby the unit and
word space registers determine the points of connection of the radius rods with
their respective segmental levers.
69. In a typographic machine the combination of a preliminary representa-
tion, a feed carriage and feed mechanism therefor, with a unit register and a
segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjustable connection with said seg-
mental lever and controlling the feed mechanism, devices whereby the unit
register determines the point of connection of the radius rod with the segmental
lever and word-space devices to impart movement to the latter.
70. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel having
movable pins to represent word-spaces, a feed carriage and feed mechanismi
therefor, with a segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjustable connection
with the said segmental lever determined by the units of the line and controlling
the feed mechanism, pawl and ratchet feed devices controlling the movement of
the said segmental lever and controlled by the word-space pins.
71. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and justify-
ing lever controlling the feed of said carriage, word space devices controlling
the movement of said levers to act upon the carriage and a safety device to stop
the movement of said levers at their justifying limit.
72. In a typographic machine, the combination of a main frame having a
hinged door, with a composing wheel and key-board mechanism mounted upon
said hinged door.
73. A typographic machine having a preliminary representation means, in
combination with automatic line-closing devices and registering means, broth
operated from said preliminary representation means.
74. A typographic machine provided with a unit register and a preliminary
representation means representing the word spaces, in combination with means
for returning the register to its initial position by the action of said word-space
representation within the closing limits of a line.
75. A typographic machine provided with registers for the units and for the
word spaces and a preliminary representation means, in combination with devices
for returning the registers to their initial positions by the action of a word space
representation within the closing limits of a line.
76. A typographic machine having automatic justifying devices and a pre-
liminary representation means in combination with automatic line-closing devices
and registering means, both operated from said representation means.
77. A typographic machine having a representation device and unit and word
space registers, with automatic line-closing devices controlled by said representa-
tion device and registers.
78. A typographic machine having a representation device and unit and word-
space registers, line-closing devices and means controlled by said registers whereby

page_text: said line-closing devices are automatically brought under the control of a repre-
sented word space near the closing limits of a line.
79. A typographic machine, having a representation device to represent the
word-spaces and also the end of the line, in combination with means whereby the
word-space representation within the closing limits of a line sets the line-repre-
sentation.
SO. A typographic machine having a composing device with word-space pins
and line pins in combination with means whereby a word-space pin automatically
sets a line pin within the closing limits of a line.
S1. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device, and a unit register with a lever having a movable part controlled from the
unit register within the closing limits of a line to bring the said movable part into
the path of the word-space representation to release the register for return.
82. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device and a unit register, a lever having a movable part controlled from the unit
register within the closing limits of a line to bring said movable part into the
path of the word-space representation to release the register for return and means
for maintaining the movable part in its set position until the register reaches its
re-starting position.
83. A typographic machine provided with a unit register and means for pre-
venting its rebound at the end of its return movement.
84. In a typographic machine, the combination of a pair of segmental levers and
radius rods having adjustable connections therewith, one of said radius rods con-
trolling the justifying feed with word-space devices controlling the other radius
rod, and means for automatically raising the radius rods in the segmental levers
at the end of the line.
85. In a typographic machine, the combination of unit and word-space registers
and a pair of segmental levers and radius rods adjustably connected to the said
levers, and one of said radius rods controlling the justifying feed, with word-
space devices controlling the other radius rod, means for automatically raising the
radius rods in the segmental levers at the line of the line for permitting them
to come to rest upon the unit and word-space register devices which have been
meantime set for a new line.
.
SG. A typographic machine provided with automatic justifying mechanism and
means for preventing the operation of said justifying mechanism on short lines.
87. A typographic machine having a cylindrical type-carrier provided with
type on part of its circumference in combination with a support to bear against
the other and opposite part of its circumeference substantially as described.
88. In a typographic machine the combination of a feed carriage, and feed
mechanism therefor, with a representation device and means controlled by the
representation device for automatically returning the carriage at the end of the
line.
89. In a typographic machine the combination of a representation device with
means controlled from the representation device for automatically returning the
carriage and giving the line feed.
90. In a typographic machine, the combination of a representation device and
automatic justifying mechanism, with means for automatically setting the repre-
sentation of the end of the line and means for releasing the justifying mechanism
by said line representation for the justification of a succeeding line.
91. A typographic machine provided with means for automatically closing the
line at a word-space.
92. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in combina-´
tion with means for automatically closing the line.
93. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in combina-
tion with means for feeding the carriage and means for automatically returning
the carriage.
:

page_text: 94. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in com-
bination with means for automatically feeding the carriage and means for auto-
matically returning the carriage and operating the line feed.
95. A typographic machine provided with a unit register in combination with
justification mechanism and means for automatically closing the line.
96. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in com-
bination with justification mechanism and a unit register and meaus for auto-
matically closing the line.
97. A typographic machine provided with a word-space indicating device and a
unit register, in combination with line-closing mechanism and means whereby the
said word-space device, within the closing limits of the line, automatically con-
trols said line closing mechanism.
98. A typographic machine provided with a word-space indicating device and
a unit register and a representation device, in combination with line-closing
mechanism and means whereby the said word-space device, within the closing
limits of the line, automatically controls the said line-closing mechanism.
99. A typographic machine provided with automatic justifying mechanism, in
combination with line-closing mechanism, and a device acting to indicate the
word spaces and adapted to act upon the mechanism to close the line, substantially
as described.
100. A typographic machine provided with a unit register and a word space
indicating device in combination with means for returning the register to its
initial position by the action of said word-space device within the closing limits of
a line.
101. A typographic machine provided with registers for the units and word
spaces and a word-space indicating device in combination with means for return-
ing the registers to their initial positions by the action of the word-space device
within the closing limits of a line.
102. A machine for typographic purposes, provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, and devices for measuring or registering the units in the line,
in combination with mechanism, controlled thereby, to automatically justify the
linc.
103. A machine for typographic purposes provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, unit-registering devices and word-space registering devices,
in combination with means, controlled thereby, to automatically justify the line
in the word-space.
104. A machine for typographic purposes, provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, devices for making a preliminary representation and means
for registering the units in the line, in combination with mechanism controlled
by the unit register, to automatically justify the line.
105. A machine for typographic purposes, provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, means for making a preliminary representation and devices
for registering the units and the word-spaces, in combination with means con-
trolled by the unit-registers to automatically justify the line in the word-spaces.
106. The combination with a matrix-feeding device, of means for automatically
closing the line in combination with unit registering devices and means controlled
from the said registering devices to vary the space feed between words so as to
justify the line.
107. The combination with a matrix feeding device, of means for automatically
closing the line, in combination with unit-registering and word-space registering
devices, and means controlled from said registering devices to vary the space
feed between words so as to justify the line.
108. A typographic machine provided with mechanism for automatically closing
the line, and mechanism for justifying a composed line of matter, in combination
with devices for representing each normal word-space at the time of composition,
and with means controlled by said representation, to automatically vary the width

page_text: of said air-spaces after composition, whereby the final result is a justified line of
matter.
109. A typographic machine provided with a keyboard, unit registering and
word-space registering devices controlled from the keyboard, and means for auto-
matically closing the line, in combination with feed mechanism, and means con-
trolled from said registering devices to automatically vary the space feed between
words, so as to justify the line.
110. The combination in a matrix-forming machine, of the keyboard, the
character representing mechanism, the space-representing mechanism, unit com-
position register for registering the number of units in the represented line, and
means for automatically closing the line, with impressing and feeding mechanism
acted upon by the representing mechanism, substantially as described.
111. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cam having a central-
izing groove and cam grooves with a type-carrier and a controlling slide having
plungers any one of which is adapted to be projected into a corresponding groove
in the cam cylinder, each of the said cam grooves being so formed as to move the
slide and carrier the distance required by the selected pin for said groove and to
return the carrier to its normal position.
112. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cam having cam
grooves with a type-carrier, and a slide controlling the type-carrier, the said slide
having plungers adapted to be projected into the cam-grooves and an incline on
the cam for automatically returning the projected plunger on the completion of
the revolution of the cam.
118. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cani having a
centralizing groove and cam grooves with two slides each having plungers capable
of being projected into corresponding grooves, a type-carrier connected to both
slides and an incline on the cam for automatically returning the projected
plungers on the completion of the revolution of said cam
114. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cam having cam
grooves with slides having plungers capable of being projected into correspond-
ing grooves, a type-carrier controlled by the slides, means for automatically
returning the projected plungers from their corresponding grooves on the com-
pletion of the revolution of said cam, and means upon said rotating cam for hold-
ing the slides in their normal positions after the projected plungers have been
returned from the grooves and until other plungers have been projected.
115. The combination of a rotary cam having cam grooves with slides carrying
plungers adapted to be projected into and returned from said groove, and meaus
for normally holding said slides during the time of returning said projected
plungers and of projecting other plungers.
16. The combination of a rotary cam having a centralizing groove and cam
grooves, with a slide carrying plungers adapted to be projected into and returned
from their corresponding grooves, and means for normally projecting the central-
izing plungers into the centralizing groove when no cam groove is selected.
117. In a typographic machine, the combination of a cam having cam grooves,
with a type-carrier and a slide controlling the type-carrier, the said slide having
plungers, a striker adapted to be moved across in front of different plungers and
means for vibrating the strikers to project the plungers into the cam grooves.
11S. In a typographic machine, the combination of a cam having cam grooves
with a type-carrier, a slide controlling the type-carrier, the said slide having
plungers and a pair of strikers adapted to be moved from their normal central
positions in front of different plungers to project the latter into the grooves of the
cam.
119. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier, two slides
controlling the movement of the type-carrier in two different directions, with a
cam having cam grooves, plungers in the slides and two pairs of strikers adapted
to be moved from their normal central positions opposite different plungers and
means for actuating the strikers to project the plungers.

page_text: 120. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier and slides
controlling the movement of the type-carrier, with a cam having cam grooves,
plungers in the slides, strikers adapted to be moved opposite the different plungers,
means for actuating the strikers to project the plungers and a key-board con-
trolling the positions of the strikers opposite the different plungers.
121. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representa-
tion device, a type-carrier, slides controlling the positions of the carrier and
plungers in the slides with a cam having cam grooves, strikers adapted to be
brought opposite different plungers under the dictation of the representation
device, and means for actuating the strikers to project the plungers.
Daled this 28th day of February 1899.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 30th Sept., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typographic Machines.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me by Isaac Risley, of Pleasantville, in the County of Atlantic,
State of New Jersey, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer,) and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
The present invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
matrix-making, type-casting, type-setting, type-writing and other typographic
machines, in which a type carrier is operated from a key-board, and is combined
with means for automatically producing justified impressions.
One of the principal features of machines of the class to which this invention
relates is the provision of devices for recording or registering the units and the
word spaces in the line and means whereby these registering devices govern
"final justi-
the production of the final justified representation. By the phrase
fied representation" is meant either the impression made in the matrix machine,
or the line of matrices or type in a type-casting or type-setting machine, or the
printed impression in a type-writing machine.
"
23
In the present machine there is also employed a preliminary representation
means, which is combined with the registers and matrix or other carriage to
govern the production of the final justified representation, but it will be understood
that many of the features of this invention are applicable to typographic machines
in which there is no preliminary representation."
it
32
It should also be explained that the term type-carrier is here used in a
sense equally as general as the phrase "final representation," for while in the
case of a matrix-making machine, the type-carrier will be a surface having a
series of type or character punches to be impressed into the matrix material, it
may in the case of a type-casting machine be a surface carrying a series of dies
or matrices in which the characters will be cast, and in the case of a type-setting
machine, the type-carrier may be a device having a series of chambers any one
of which may be brought to a given point to deliver type to the line being set
up, or the type-carrier may be a device for ejecting type from type channels.
In typographic machines, of this class the means for producing preliminary
representation may vary in construction from a perforated sheet to a wheel having
a series of movable pins frictionally held therein, certain pins representing letters
and other pins representing corresponding letter spaces. The present machine
employs the last mentioned construction of representation means, in which the
series of independently movable pins are prearrangeable from the key-board for
the entire line or more than a line, and control the movements of the type-carrier,
to bring any character thereof to the common point of impression. Others of the
pins of the preliminary representation control the feed movement of the carriage
for normal spacing for the different characters and word spaces. This feed move-
ment in a matrix machine is imparted to the carriage which carries the matrix
sheet, and with this is combined means controlled from the character space and

page_text: word space registering devices to increase or diminish the normal space feed
between words to automatically justify the line. While the registering devices
may be operated directly from the key-board, it is preferable to operate said regis-
tering devices indirectly through the representation device.
An important feature of this invention has reference to the automatic closing
of the line of matter composed. The present invention also embraces many other
improved features of construction which will be fully set forth hereinafter.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the complete machine embodying the improvements:
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the same:
Fig. is a rear elevation, but with the frame in section:
Fig. 4 is a vertical elevation drawn to a larger scale, of the left-hand end of the
machine, with the frame in section (see line 4-4, Fig. 3):
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view on the line 5-5, Fig. 4, (see also Figs. 3 and 6):
. Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the lower part of the machine, with the casing in
section on the line 6-6, Fig. 5:
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation taken behind the composing wheel and on the
line 7-7, Fig. 5:
Fig. 8 is a transverse vertical section on the line 8-8, Fig. 3:
Fig. 9 is a transverse sectional view, drawn to a larger scale, through the key-
board on the line 9-9, Fig. 10:
Figs. 9 and 9b are perspective views of details:
Fig. 10 is a sectional plan view of the key-board on the line 10-10, Fig. 9:
Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of the key-board on the line 11-11, Fig. 9:
Fig. 11 is a detached view of the striker comb:
Fig. 11 is a face view of the push pin plate b, and
Fig. 11 is a face view of the push pin plate 72:
Fig. 12 is a vertical section through the fly-wheel and clutch mechanism:
Fig. 12 is a transverse section on the line 12-12, Fig. 12:
Fig. 13 is a face view of a part of the composing wheel and the setting frame,
with one of the bow levers, (that for operating the escapement) :
Fig. 14 is a cross sectional view through the composing wheel and bow levers,
the setting frame being shown in side elevation except at its hub, where it is
shown in section:
Figs. 14 and 14b are detached views of the escapement for the setting frame:
Fig. 15 is a plan view of the system of performing levers:
Fig. 16 is a rear view of the unit registering mechanism:
Fig. 17 is a side elevation of the same with the frame sectioned along a line
a little to the left of the vertical line 17-17, Fig. 16:
Fig. 18 is a sectional elevation of the unit registering devices. looking in the
opposite direction from Fig. 16, the section being taken on the line 18—18,
Fig. 17:
Figs. 18, 18 and 18° are diagrammatic views of certain details:
Fig. 19 is a perspective view of the word-space registering mechanism:
Fig. 20 shows in perspective the two parts of the word-space register, detached:
Figa, 21, 22 and 23 are views of the parts of the word space register in different
positions:
Fig. 24 is a front elevation of the main shaft and its several cams and wheels:
Fig. 24 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line 24-24. Fig. 3:
Fig. 25 shows in section and also in diagrammatic extension the cam grooves
of the cylinder controlling the movements of the type-carrier:
Fig. 25 is a view of the end of the cylinder:
Fig. 26 is a perspective view of the two slides controlled by the cam-grooved
cylinder and in turn controlling the type-carrier:
Fig. 26 is a detached view of one of the selecting plungers:
Fig. 27 is a view, partly in section, showing the connections between the said
slides and type-carrier:

page_text: Figs. 28, 28 and 28 show the type-carrier, shell and spindle, and
Fig. 29 is a perspective view of the connecting gearing:
Fig. 30 is a vertical section of the complete type-carrying device and matrix
carriage:.
Fig. 30 is a perspective view, drawn to an enlarged scale, of one of the type :.
Fig. 31 is a sectional plan on the line 31-31, Fig. 30:
Figs. 32 and 33 are perspective views of the oscillating casing, which carries
the type-carrier:
Fig. 34 is a perspective view of the aligning devices:
Fig. 35 is a sectional plan view on the line 35-35, Fig. 30:
Fig. 36 is a perspective view of the operating mechanism for the slides for
controlling the type-carrier:
Fig. 3 is a vertical section showing the means for giving the line feed:
Fig. 37 is a view on a larger scale of the device for changing the line space
feed:
Fig. 38 is a perspective view of the normal carriage feed operating devices:
Fig. 3S is a detached view of the controlling stop for the carriage feed:.
Fig. 39 is a diagram illustrating in a simple form the justifying mechanism:
Fig. 40 is a more complete diagrammatic perspective view of the justifying
mechanism, apart from adjacent devices in the machine:
Fig. 41 is a perspective view illustrating a part of the line-closing devices:
Figs. 42, 43, 44 and 45 are other perspective views of the line-closing devices,
illustrating their different positions and actions:
Figs. 46, 47 and 48 are diagrammatic perspective views illustrating apart from
the machine the devices for automatically. restoring the parts to their normal
positions at the end of each line:
Fig. 49 is a diagram showing the preferred arrangement of the type on the face
of the type-shell; and
Fig. 50 is a diagram of the composing wheel, indicating the représentation of
an illustrative sentence.
"
The machine is constructed to operate on the unit" measurement system.
In the machine as hereinafter described it is assumed by way of example that the
characters vary in width from two to seven units; for instance the two-unit
characters include such letters as "" and the several punctuation marks, while
at the other extreme the seven unit characters are such as "M" and "W"
The normal word space may be assumed to be of two units. In the automatic
justification hereinafter described, units or parts of units are subtracted from or
added to those normal word spaces, depending on whether the composed line,
prior to justification, is longer or shorter than the standard line.
In the accompanying drawings the invention is illustrated as embodied in a
machine which is more especially adapted to matrix-making or type-writing,
one character being impressed at a time. The "type-carrier "T is shown as in
the form of an upright cylinder carrying type or character punches in vertical
and horizontal rows, the preferred arrangement being indicated in Fig 49,
but it will be understood, as already explained, that the invention is applicable
to other typographic machines than matrix-making machines, as for instance
type-casting or type-setting, and the "type-carrier may assume different forms
according to the nature of the machine and the preferences of the constructor.
The purpose is to so control the type-carrier as to be able at will to bring any
one of the characters to a common point (which may be conveniently termed the
common point of impression") and to return the carrier to its normal position
again. This normal position is preferably a central one.
::
The machine is a power-driven machine subject to the control of a key-board
played by the operator who can finger the keys continuously while the machine
itself automatically produces, closes and justifies the lines, placing the printed
matter in a justified column.
The frame of the machine may assume any suitable form. In the drawing

page_text: it is illustrated as in the shape of a box-like casing W, with a large front
door W (carrying the key-board A, on one side, and the "preliminary repre-
sentation wheel E on the other), and a smaller door W20, with doors Wat
the back, Figs. 1, 2 and S. Within this casing is a vertical partition plate We
(Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8) on which many of the working parts are mounted and which
is itself supported by posts w from the back part of the frame.
The main power driven shaft E which carries the operating cams, Figs. 24
and 24", is arranged horizontally on the upper part of the frame in suitable
bearings at W and W. It is driven by a wheel E (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 12 and 24),
which in the present instance is shown as grooved at e, for the reception of
a driving belt and is loose on the shaft E, being held thereon by a collar es.
It is provided with suitable clutch mechanism such that while the wheel E
is driven continuously, the shaft may be clutched to or freed from the driving
wheel either by hand or automatically from different operative parts of the
machine.
This clutching and unclutching is accomplished by the inward and outward
movements of a plunger E sliding in the end of the shaft E3, Fig. 12, under
the control of a lever E pivoted at 2 on the bracket W. The upper end of
this lever has a swivel connection with the plunger at and to its lower end is
pivotally connected a bar E, to the opposite end of which is pivoted a latch C¹.
In this bar E are offset, communicating slots e, e, in which works a pin e,
Fig. 12, on the lower end of a lever E pivoted at and having at its upper
end an anti-friction roller e, Figs. 1 and 2, running in a cam groove E18 on
the flange E of the driving wheel E. Thus a constant vibrating motion is
imparted to the lever E, and when the latch bar is dropped to its lower
position, the pin "vibrates in the slot, and striking the right hand end
thereof, (looking at it in Fig. 12) moves the lever E to draw the plunger E10
outwards and cause the wheel E to be clutched to the shaft E. When, however,
the latch bar E6 is raised, the pin e will enter the slot and the vibrating
lever E7 will then throw the latch bar E1 and the lower end of the lever Es
outwards and the plunger inwards, with the effect of unclutching the wheel E+
from the shaft E3 and frictionally locking the shaft to a fixed part of the frame.
The raising of the latch bar E16 is effected by devices hereinafter described, acting
upon the latch C, and constituting automatic stop motions.
Any suitable form of clutch may be used, but the construction illustrated in
Figs. 12, 12" and 24" is preferred. On the wheel E is an annular flange E
within which lies a split friction ring E. Opposite this flange E³ there is a
Hange E on a sleeve disk fixed to the frame W by a screw pin e or
otherwise. Within this flange Elies a split friction ring Et similar to the
ring E
Between the adjacent ends of each of these split rings lies a wedge
piece E, Fig. 12", which on being pushed outwards by the toggle links
and E, as at left of Fig. 12, causes the split ring to be expanded against its
adjacent flange. When the toggle levers are moved to draw the wedge E
inwards, as shown at the right hand side of Fig. 12, the corresponding split
friction ring will be freed from its flange Ea (1). The toggle links E and En
are pivoted to the plunger rod E10 at e; their lower ends are rounded and find
bearings in pins E passing through openings in the cylindrical piece E
(secured at e, Fig. 24", to the shaft E³) and through openings in the split
rings E, E. The links E and E" are at the other ends pivoted to cups E8
in radial openings in the cylinder E. Through these cups pass screws e10 having
heads e2 and threaded into their respective wedge blocks E7; these screws can
be turned to effect adjustment of the wedges by the insertion of a screw
driver through openings temporarily closed by the plugs e
To always bring the shaft to a definite stop and to start it again at a
certain position, there are employed a hardened roller E¹³ carried by the flange E
and a hardened roller E carried by the flange the peripheries of these
rollers project slightly beyond the inner faces of their respective flanges, so

page_text: that when in the revolution of the wheel either of these rollers reaches a pro-
jected pin E, that pin will come to a stop on the roller. Thus when the left
hand toggles, Fig. 12, are straightened by the outward movement of the plunger E10,
the shaft will be firmly clutched to the wheel E, with the pin E bearing
upon the roller E. On the other hand, when the plunger E10 is pushed inwards,
the left hand toggles will be bent to disengage the friction ring E6 from the
flange and on the other hand the right hand toggles will be straightened
to expand the friction ring E61 against the flange of the fixed disk 20,
thus frictionally locking the shaft and stopping the machine at a definite point
determined by the position of the roller E
"
With this preliminary explanation of the construction of the frame, shaft and
stop motion, the detailed description of the specific machine illustrated in the
drawings will now be proceeded with, the several principal groups of mechanisms
being taken up in order. These principal groups are, first, the key-board
mechanism; second, the "preliminary representation mechanism which is con-
trolled from the key-board; third, the mechanism for registering the units of
the characters and of the word spaces as the line receives its preliminary re-
presentation on the composing wheel; fourth, the mechanism for registering
the number of word spaces in the line as it is composed; fifth, the line-closing
mechanism at the composing stage; sixth, the mechanism for operating the type-
carrier to bring its different characters successively to the common point of
impression seventh, the mechanism for imparting normal variable feed to the
matrix or other carriage for the final representation"; eighth, the automatic
justifying mechanism, and ninth, devices whereby the parts are returned to their
initial positions.
THE KEY-BOARD.
The key-board and its mechanism are illustrated in exterior view in Figs. 1
and 2, and on a larger scale in section in Figs. 9 to 11 inclusive.
The stems of the several keys are guided vertically in the top plate wo
(Fig. 10), which is detachably secured to the key-board casing ", this latter
being secured by bolts or otherwise to the front door W³. Each key rests with
.a forked lower end a upon a key lever A² pivoted at and guided in a comb
plate. In turn, each key lever A rests upon the top of a rod A4 which is
guided vertically in the horizontal comb plates a, w, the lower one being
carried by the part of the key-board casing. A shield lies in front
of these vertical rods A. Springs a, a, tend to keep these rods in their upper
and rearward position shown in Fig. 9. In line with each rod A is a horizontal
"striker" bar A (see also Fig. 9 and Fig. 10) guided in a vertical comb
plate a, and the beveled end of each bar normally rests in the lower of the
two beveled notches a, a, of the corresponding key-rod A. When a key a
is depressed, the corresponding key rod A is depressed until the end of its
striker bar A enters the notch On the upward return movement of this
rod A under the action of the spring at (a) when the operator lifts his
finger, the end of the striker bar A is elevated to the position shown in
full lines in Fig. 9, bringing the shoulder into the path of the solid part
of the striker comb A6 (Figs. 9, 11 and 11"). This striker comb has a constant
vibrating motion imparted to it by any suitable means, towards and from the
push pins B and B and the "preliminary representation or composing
wheel E¹.
:
22
arm 7
In the construction illustrated this comb plate A is carried by arms 15 on
a horizontal shaft which has at its end outside the casing an
connected by a link to an arm a on a horizontal shaft 20, Figs. 1, 2 and 6.
This latter shaft a has an arm (Figs. 2 and 12) with a roller bearing
against a cam A on the constantly rotating driving wheel E¼ A pull spring
5 (Fig. 10) keeps the roller end of the arm up against the cam A7.
(2:
Thus the forward operating movement of the striker bars A in the direction of

page_text: their arrow Fig. 9 is power-operated and can take place only at regular intervals
in time with the other moving parts of the machine, and not with the operator's
fingering of the keys.
Behind the projection a" on each striker bar A is a raised portion a
(Figs. 9 and 6) which, in the case of any bar A selected while the striker
comb A is forward, will bear against the upper end of its slot in the comb A
and in consequence cause that bar A to be held down until the comb has
returned to its extreme backward position. Then the comb can engage that
selected bar.
-
Each striker bar Ahas a T-head a bearing against a certain number of push
pins B carried by a fixed cross plate b. The arrangement of these pins in this
plate b is shown in Fig. 11, the vertical positions of the T-heads of some of the
bars As being indicated by dotted lines, and the uses of the several pins being
indicated by letters and words,
Immediately behind these push pins B are the (eighteen) universal bars 11 and
the universal escapement bar f. These several bars are stirrup-shaped, as shown
in Fig. 1 and are pivoted so as to have a swinging movement on a horizontal
axis . Immediately back of these universal bars B are arranged on a diagonal
line eighteen corresponding push pins B3 in a fixed cross-plate 2. Behind the
universal escapement bar f is a nineteenth pin ft. The arrangement of these pins
and their several uses are indicated clearly in Fig. 11º.
These eighteen push pins B are adapted to act upon corresponding bow levers B³
(Fig. 9) pivoted to an inclined axis (Fig. 11). A nineteenth bow. lever f
also pivoted to 6 is acted upon by the pin f¹ to work the escapement hereinafter
described. Pull springs (Figs. 9 and 11) return the levers, push pins
and striker bars back after each outward operating movement.
The bow levers B³ act upon corresponding pins c¹ in the "setting" frame C
(Figs. 4, 6, 13 and 14). This setting frame is mounted to work in conjunction
with the preliminary representation" wheel E
"b
PRELIMINARY REPRESENTATION MECHANISM.
The wheel E will be termed the "composing" wheel, since the pushing out
from front to back or "setting" of the selected pins d', etc. to dis, which control
all the subsequent movements of the machine to produce the final representa-
tion is in fact composition." This composing wheel E is mounted to turn.
upon a fixed axis E, bolted to the diagonal yoke W on the front door W of the
frame (Figs. 2, 4, 8, 11 and 14). An intermittent rotary feed motion is imparted
to this composing wheel by any suitable means. In the case illustrated, the main
shaft has a feed worm E (Fig. 24) engaging with a worm wheel (Fig. 5)
transmitting motion to the wheel E through the shaft and pinion which
engages with the gear teeth e¹ on the composing wheel. The spiral portions
of the worm E² (Fig. 24) give the intermittent feed motion to the wheel, while
the straight portion ef of the worm holds the composing wheel locked during a
portion of the revolution of the main shaft. As before explained the composing
wheel is carried by the door W, so that when the latter is turned back on its
hinges e, on removal of the fastening bolt w, the gear e¹ will simply slide out of
engagement with the pinion c².
The composing wheel carries a series of independently moveable pins d¹, d, etc
to d, free to be pushed in and out therein transversely, with frictional retaining
means. These pins are arranged in radial rows of eighteen pins each, and there
are in the present instance seventy-two radial rows.
The pins of the several radial rows at the same time form eighteen concentric
rows (Figs. i, 14 and 50). The frictional retaining means for the pins may con-
sist of plates e between adjacent rows (Figs. 13 and 14) with spring lips eo bearing
against the pins.
2
In Fig. 50 there is indicated in writing what each one of the eighteen concentric 5
rows of pins is used for. Thus the first pin d' is for the indication of the end of

page_text: the line and the line feed to be given to the carriage. The next pin indicates
a word space. The next six pins (to inclusive) severally represent the
different units of the feed movement to be imparted to the carriage for the several
different characters and the word space. The remaining ten pins (9 to 18,
inclusive) determine the selection of the character at the final representation.
In Fig. 14 there are shown two pins of a row projected, namely and , which
as it happens indicate a word space, the pin indicating the word space itself
and the pin the two units for the word space. Some of the characters inay
require as many as five pins each for the proper representation of the type carrier
movements and the unit feed.
Inasmuch as this composing wheel is power driven, it becomes necessary to
provide between the fingered key board and this wheel means to allow for their
non-synchronous operation. This is done by means of the arc-shaped levers B
and and the setting frame C, which is free to turn with its hub c on the hub
of the wheel E (Fig. 14) within an are sufficient for the purpose.
The setting frame carries a radial row of eighteen pins e corresponding with
the radial rows of pins in the composing wheel and the escapement hereinafter
described causes the pins c to successively come into line with the several radial
rows of pins on the composing wheel. Spring (Fig. 14) keep the pins c¹ out
of contact with the pins on the wheel E¹, but when levers B are operated on the
depression of a key, as hereinafter described, the corresponding pins are pushed
outwards, to in turn cause the projections of the corresponding pins in the row of
the wheel E then opposite the setting frame C, as indicated at and as in Fig. 14.
The setting frame C has an escapement connection at its outer end with the
periphery of the composing wheel, as shown in Figs. 13, 14, 14", and 14" The
periphery of the wheel E has a series of teeth.f, with which may engage in suc-
cession the teeth f and f of an escapement dog F. This dog is free to slide
transversely in the end of the setting frame under the control of the escapement
lever which engages a notch f in the end of the dog F1, Figs. 14 and 14".
The dog with its offset escapement teeth f and f operates in the usual manner
of such devices, so that each time a key is operated the setting. frame. C can
drop back under its own weight in a direction the opposite of the arrow, Fig. 13,
and if the wheel is not at the time feeding forward, owing to the stoppage of
the main shaft E, or if the operator is working faster than the machine, the
setting frame will by intermittent movement go to the position shown by dotted
lines in Fig. 13, when its counterweight. will bring a horizontal stop bar C
immediately under the key rods A and stop the further fingering of the keys.
This stop bar, Fig. 2 and 9, is carried by pivot arms 16 and is normally held for-
ward out of the way of the key rods A by a pull spring acting upon
an arm of the lever C through a rod c, but when the weight of the setting
frame strikes the lower arm of this lever C, Fig. 2, the rod ct is moved back to
allow bar to drop down under rods A
If the operator works more slowly than the machine, the setting frame will
travel forward with the wheel E until it reaches the position shown in full lines
in Fig. 13, when the outer end of the setting frame C will strike a rod (Figs. 5,
6 and 46) which through an arm on an axis and an arm on the latter
will raise the latch C and bar E to throw out the clutch and stop the machine
temporarily, until the bar El is dropped again.
In order to prevent breakage of the escapement dog F by the tooth f accident-
ally striking the outer edge of a tooth f on the wheel E, it is preferable to make
the tooth f yielding as by having it free to slide backwards on the body of the
dog against a spring f, as shown in Fig. 14.
There has been now fully described the means whereby the pins to s on
the composing wheel are projected or set "by power, as selected by the operation
of the keys, to produce "preliminary representation "of the matter under com-
position. Before proceeding with a description of the mechanism which is acted
upon by the pins thus projected or set" it will be well to refer to Fig. 50, which
"

page_text: indicates diagrammatically the composing wheel (looking from the front of the
machine) and shows the pins which would be set for the representation of the
sentence when in the course of human events it becomes necessary," and it is
supposed that the first line shall close on the word events." The wheel moves in
the direction of the arrows and the pins are projected as already described within
the limits of the segment marked setter frame movements." Then there is a
portion of the movement to the right (equal in this case to the width of three
radial rows of the pins) marked "in advance for corrections." During this part of
the movement of the wheel the operator may correct an error which he has just
made in the fingering of the keys. The projected pins then reach the "register-
ing position" where the units pins to, and the word space pin act upon
the devices for registering the units and the number of word spaces in the line.
These pins and the "line" pin act upon a set of preliminary "performing
levers, indicated by the heavy dotted line drawn vertically upwards from the
center of the wheel. The projected pins after certain of them have acted upon
these preliminary performing levers are carried around in their projected positions,
until they reach a second set of performing levers, which may be termed the
"final" performing levers. In the present instance there are eighteen of these
final performing levers, for all of the pins in each radial row on the wheel. The
positions of these levers in the present machine are indicated by the heavy dotted
line drawn to the left and nearly horizontally from the axis of the wheel. In
other words in the present machine, any given radial row of pins on the wheel after
passing the vertical row of "preliminary" performing levers will have to travel
early three-quarters of a revolution of the wheel El before reaching the second
set of performing levers, which are actuated by the pins to 18 to cause the
proper type on the type-carrier to be brought to the common point of impression,
and by the pins to to give to the matrix or other carriage the variable feed
corresponding to the type selected, and by the word space pin in conjunction
with the units pin to cause such increase or diminution of the word space feed as
will produce automatic justification of the line. A projected line pin will act
upon its final performing lever to give the line feed to the carriage and to cause
the several parts to return to their initial positions. The projected pins will then
come into contact with a stationary incline K3 (Figs. 4, 5, 7 and 15) which pushes
the pins back to their normal unprojected positions.
CORRECTING KEY.
The correcting key K (Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 7) is in the present instance shown as
arranged horizontally above the key board and connected to an upright arm k,
which is pivoted at (Fig. 7) to a bracket W10 of the partition W2 of the frame.
This arm carries a plate 3, which when the key K is pulled by the operator
against the action of its spring 1 (Fig. 1) will push back projected representation
pins then opposite to it. The plate 3 also carries a wing with its face in a
plane a little back of the plate Fig. 5. This wing is, as shown in Fig. 7,
back of the setting frame C and limits the projection of the representation pins.
THE TWO SETS OF PERFORMING LEVERS.
The preliminary" performing levers are lettered Y, J and H, and are indi-
cated in plan view in Fig. 5. in end elevation in Fig. 7, side elevation in Fig. 8
and in plan view in Fig. 15. The levers H are for effecting registration of the
units, the lever J is for effecting registration of the word spaces, and the lever Y
for closing the line. These levers H, J and Y are pivoted at their rear ends at h
to an arm L³ (Fig. 15) carried by an upright shaft L2 (Figs. 3, 5, 8 and 15), and
are guided at their front ends adjacent to the composing wheel E¹ in a fixed comb
plate W The upright shaft has a rocking motion imparted to it by any suit-
able means to bring the ends of the performing levers into and out of the path
of the projected pins. For this purpose the upper end of the shaft L³ carries an

page_text: arm L' which is acted on by a side cam L on the main shaft E3 (Figs. 15 and 24).
In Fig. 15 the full lines show the levers Y, J and H as in their positions when
their ends are in the paths of the projected pins d, etc. on the composing
wheels. The dotted lines show them as being withdrawn to escape from the
pins d, etc. .
The final or second set of performing levers lie in an approximately horizontal
row, Figs. 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 15, 36 and 38. The several levers and their uses are clearly
indicated in Fig. 15, the first lever Z being for the line and carriage pin to give
the line feed to the carriage and to return the parts to their initial positions,
while the second lever X is for the word space movement in justification; the
next six levers V control the unit feed to be imparted to the matrix or other
carriage, and the remaining ten levers marked MI, M7, M18, control the type-
carrier movements.
The final performing levers are at their front ends guided in a comb
plate W (Fig. 7) and at their rear ends are pivoted to an arm L on a hori-
zontal shaft L, to which a rocking movement is imparted from the upright
shaft L by the bevel gear L (Figs. 3 and 15). A spring L' (Figs. 3 and 4)
tends to keep the ends of both performing levers in the paths of the projected
pins on the composing wheel, while the cam L intermittently withdraws them
after the said wheel E has been fed forward one step.
This forward movement of the composing wheel causes its projected pins to
swing their corresponding performing levers on their respective axes, as shown
for instance in the case of lever H in Fig. 15.
There will now be described the operation of these several levers H on the
UNIT REGISTERING MECHANISM.
The term register" is not to be understood in the limited sense of a "gradu-
ated scale," although there may be a graduated scale for the operator's observa-
tion. The units, and word spaces are registered" in the sense that the machine
itself ascertains or registers them by the varying extents of movement of certain
of its moving parts, which varying extents of movement are then employed to
control the carriage feed and the automatic justification accordingly.
There is at the back of the machine a ratchet wheel I, which may be termed
the unit register" wheel (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 16, 17 and 18). It turns on an axis
and receives its feed movement from the several performing levers H through
suitable devices, now to be described. There lies at the back of the levers H
an arm H on an upright shaft ¹ free to turn in suitable bearings in the frame
(Figs. 8 and 15). This arm H¹ carries a series of anti-friction rollers 2, h³, h²,
h, he, hi, each bearing upon a separate lever H at a different distance from the
axis of the levers H. In the case illustrated, a given movement of the lowest
of the levers H (Fig. 8) would give the least movement to the shaft, while
at the other extreme, the uppermost lever H acting on the roller would give
it the greatest movement, and these variations are arranged to correspond with
the varying numbers of units (from 2 to 7) for the different characters.
The varying extents of the rotary movement thus imparted by the different
levers H, H, to the upright shaft (Fig. 8) are transmitted by bevel gears hs, h
(Figs. 15) to a horizontal shaft ho, which has at its outer end an arm (Figs. 16
and 18) provided with a projection 2 bearing against a nose 13 on the lower
arm of a lever g, which is free to turn upon the shaft ho A connecting pull
spring tends to keep these parts and g¹³ in contact with each other.
A pull
spring (Figs. and 16) acts through the described connections to keep the
rollers etc. of the arm H up against the levers H.
The lever carries at its upper end a pivoted feed pawl G₁ acted upon by a
spring, Fig. 18: the tooth of this pawl engages with the ratchet teeth of the
wheel I (Figs. 16 and 18). The extent of movement of the lever H by the units
performing levers H determines how many ratchet teeth shall be taken at each
feed movement of the pawl G. Feed movement is imparted to the pawl G¹

page_text: from a cam G (Figs. 1 and 24) on the main shaft. This cam G has a side cam y
adapted to act upon a roller you an arm (Fig. 1) upon an upright shaft g
(Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 8), which carries at its lower end an arm gt connected by a
rod go to the pawl-carrying lever gº.
The spring before referred to, normally keeps the arm 2 with its roller
out of the path of the camg (Fig. 3) so that no movement will be imparted to
the pawl G. When however, one of the levers His acted upon by a representa-
tion pin (to), the shaft 10 will be correspondingly turned to raise the
arm (Fig. 16) and by the spring g will move the arm and the pawl">G
over a number of teeth of the ratchet depending upon the extent to which the
arm Hand shaft h¹ have been rocked by the operated lever H. By the same
movement, the arm has been allowed to come into the path of the cam g,
which then moves the arm g2 back and through the described connections. draws
the feed pawl G back to turn the register wheel I correspondingly.
A check pawl G2 holds the register in the position to which it may be turned,
until it is released or thrown out automatically as hereinafter described.---To
prevent overthrowing of the register wheel, a fixed stop 2 (Figs. 10 and 18")
is provided on the frame of the machine to act in conjunction with a pro-
jection g on the pawl, one or both of these parts being beveled in such a way
as to force the nose of the pawl down into the ratchet teeth as the pawl reaches
the end of its backward or feeding stroke. This locks the wheel securely at the
end of each feed movement.
The unit register wheel is provided with a back stop I (Fig. 16) to come
against the arm W7 of the frame, when, the wheel is released from the pawls-G!
and G2 and flies back to the starting point under the action of a spring or counter-
weight, such as the weight Is upon the arm which has a toothed quadrant
gearing with the pinion on the wheel. I.
The pawls G and G2 are released by the arm Ys on the end of the rock shaft 2
(Figs. 16, 18 and 44) which arm can press upon the rear end of the check pawl G
to lift both pawls out of engagement. with the ratchet wheel. This arm Y8 also
carries a spring plate Y, which when the released wheel I reaches the end of its
return movement will temporarily enter the notch y of the wheel and stop
rebound of the latter.
To insure the feed movement of the unit register I being started on the proper
unit, a projection T (Fig. 16) is provided on the side of the-pawl to engage with
a projection I on the wheel.
In order that the machine may be operated more than a line in advance, and
that the units of the second line may be registered in composition, while the
first line is being justified and is receiving its final representation," the unit
registering mechanism is in two parts. There is combined with the wheel I a
supplementary register I in the form of a segmental ratchet wheel, which is
brought into operation towards the end of each line of composition. This
supplementary register I turns on the same axis as the wheel I, and has a
pin or projection, with which a pin or projection I on the wheel I comes into
contact near the closing limits of a line of composition. Thus as the wheel I
is intermittently fed forward in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 16, after the
pin 12 reaches the pin 3, the supplementary register 110 is moved with it until
the end of the line is reached, and the registers I and I have thus ascertained
the number of units the line is short or in excess of the assumed standard.
check pawl Y15 (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) acted on by a pull spring holds the
register I, so that the wheel I may be released to return to its starting point
again for the next line of composition, while the ratchet I10 keeps the registry
to control the justification of the composed line.
A
This register 110 controls the position of a slide or rack vertically adjustable
in a fixed guide W in the frame (Figs. 16, 17 and 18). In the present instance
this connection is through a segmental rack I attached to and moving with the
ratchet I and gearing into teeth on the side of the slide or rack 75. The position

page_text: of this slide 15 determines the amount of units to be added to or subtracted
from the normal word space feed in the automatic justification as will be herein-
after described.
The supplementary register 110 is released and allowed to return to its initial
position, when the forward movement of the register wheel I in registering a
succeeding line of composition brings projection 1 (Fig. 18) into
contact with a roller y on an arm y carried by a shaft y (Figs. 16, 17, 18
and 47). This arm acts on a pin on the check pawl Y15 to disengage the
wheel I. The projection I is as shown in Fig. 18, pivoted and provided with a
suitable spring, so that on the return movement of the wheel I, the projection I'
can slip past the roller y without releasing the check pawl Y.
The wheel I also carries a projection I (Figs. 16, 17 and 18) which within the
closing limits of the line being composed causes the shaft 5 (Fig. 41) to rock
for purposes hereinafter described. This projection 1, which like the projection I
is unyielding in the forward movement but yielding on the return movement of
the wheel I (Fig. 18) is adapted to come into contact with a roller y" (Fig. 17) at
the junction of a pair of links y and y10, the latter being supported on a
bracket and the former being connected to an arm y fast on the rock shaft y
This rock shaft has fixed to it a pendent arm y carrying a projection y13.
Figs. 16, 18 and 41, which may engage with either of the notches y y of
the pivoted latch Y³, normally held in engagement with said army by a
spring y
While not essential it may be a convenience, as where the line is to be closed on a
hyphen or in composing tabulated matter, to have a visible indicator and also
an audible signal to indicate the closing limits. Such an indicator is shown at.18
(Fig. 2) the movable pointer thereof being carried by a horizontal spindle with
a pinion (Fig. 1) receiving motion from the pinion 8 (Fig. 3) of the register
wheel through the medium of a rack rod 2. The audible signal I may be
operated from the same spindle ¿¹³.
WORD SPACE REGISTER.
The pins of the second concentric row in the composing wheel are for the
word spaces. When one of these pins is set, it first comes into contact with the
performing lever J (Figs. 19 and 44). This in turn acts upon an arm j carried
by a hub which turns freely upon the shaft y, and carries an arm provided
with a feed pawl to engage with the ratchet teeth of a wheel J. Turning
independently on the same axis as the wheel J is another wheel or segmental
gear J The wheel has attached to it a pulley, Fig. 19, and the wheel
has a similar pulley, Fig. 5. To these two pulleys are connected the two ends
of the cord (Fig. 19) in the loop of which is suspended a weight, so as to
tend at all times to turn the wheels J and J3 in a direction the contrary of that
pointed out by the arrow in Fig. 19. The wheel J carries a pin or projection 10,
which can come into contact with a pin or projection carried by the wheel J".
The wheel J has a check pawl, which is normally held in engagement with
the wheel by a spring 3. but which can be lifted out and at the same time lift out
the feed pawl (Fig. 44) by an arm Y carried by the rock shaft y.
"
"
The gear wheel J engages with a word space rack free to slide vertically
in guides in the frame. This rack is in two parts and J, the former gearing
with the wheel J³, while the supplementary rack J³ does not. The upward move-
ment of the rack J is limited by a fixed stop, Fig. 20. The downward move-
ment of the rack J is limited by a projection such as the end of pin reaching
the bottom of a slot in rack J. The rack J5 is provided with a stop piece 16,
which at the proper time supports a rod (Figs. 21 and 40) in a certain position
vertically, dependent upon the number of word spaces registered, to distribute the
justification through those word spaces of the line, as hereinafter described.
This support is made yielding in one direction, so that if projection all on
rod (Fig. 21) strikes the stop 7 on other than its downward movement, said

page_text: stop will yield; for this purpose the stop is pivoted at j and acted on by
spring which keeps it normally against stop
When the feed motion of the ratchet wheel J brings the pin 10 (Fig. 19)
against the pin, the gear wheel J" will move with the wheel J¹ and carry with
it downwards the rack; a loosely pivoted pawl engaging with its ratchet
teeth will hold the said rack and gear wheel in the positions to which they are
fed downwards, dependent on the number of word spaces in the line. A pivoted
pawl engaging teeth on the rack J normally holds the latter in any position
to which it may be raised. A common spring may be used to keep these pawls
in engagement with their respective racks. Both pawls can be thrown out by
the arm Y secured to the rock shaft y" (Figs. 22 and 47) acting upon pins
and on the pawls, when the movement of the register wheel I brings the
projection I against the army on the same shaft y“.
In Fig. 21, the supplementary word space rack J5 is shown as left in position
from a previously composed line (which is being justified) as with six word-
spaces, but in the succeeding line under composition, it is shown how the primary
rack J has been moved down ten spaces. In Fig. 22, the shaft has been
rocked (near the closing limits of the line being composed) and both pawls
and have been thrown out and supplementary rack J has dropped back into
normal relation to the rack J by pin reaching bottom of slot (Fig. 20).
The rack J, however, maintains its down position, registering 10 word spaces,
because the pawls and have not yet been released, the line under composition
not yet being closed, and consequently pin on wheel bears against pin on
gear wheel J, to hold rack J down. Immediately after re-engagement of the
pawls and (Fig. 23) the closing of the line causes the raising of the pawls j
and when the weight (Fig. 19) causes the wheel J to fly back to its starting
point.
The register rack J³ will now support the justifying rod at a proper low
position to distribute the justification through the ten spaces of the line, as herein-
after described.
When the unit register wheel I comes near the closing limits of the next line
being composed, the projection I (Fig. 47) will cause the shaft to rock again
and throw out the pawls and 2 If there are fewer word spaces in this new
line than in the preceding one, the wheel J3 will fly back elevating both racks
to a higher positon, such as shown in Fig. 19, for instance. This position may he
determined either by the rack reaching its stop, Fig. 20, or by the pin
wheel coming into contact with pin 10 on wheel J.
on
The division of the word-space registering mechanism into two parts at j
and permits the machine to compose more than a line in advance of the "final
representation," the ratchet going back to begin registering on a new line,
while the wheel J and racks hold the registration for the subsequent justification
of the composed line. The division of the word space rack into two parts J and J
overlapping each other in their work, allows for the variation in the number
of word spaces in successive lines, that is, it permits the part 1 to be used with
the gear-wheel J for the registration of a line with more word spaces than are in
the previously composed line, which is being justified, while its word-space
registration is being maintained by the supplementary rack J³, as illustrated
in Fig. 21.
LINE-CLOSING AT THE COMPOSING STAGE.
There now remains to be described at the composing stage or preliminary
performing part of the machine, the mechanism controlled by the line closing
pin and its performing lever Y4, Figs. 7, 41, 42, 43, 44 and 45.
There is secured to the front end of the rock shaft y, before mentioned, an
arm Y, Fig. 41. which carries at its upper end a projection, normally opposite
the outer end of the lever Y and in such a position that the said lever, when
operated by a line-closing pin will strike the projection y on lever Y and rock

page_text: the shaft
As already described and as shown in Figs. 16, 18 and 44, this
shaft carries an arm and at its other end an arm Y8. On the described
movement of the lever X, the arm Y3 will release the word-space register wheel
from its pawls and and the arm Y8 will release the unit register wheel I,
allowing these parts of the two registers to return to their initial positions for
the registration of another line.
The lever also has a connection with the stop-motion for the main shaft E³,
such that when the said lever Y is moved over by the line-closing lever Y*, the
wheel E will be unclutched from the main shaft and the machine stopped to
permit the register wheels I and J to return to their starting positions for the
new registration. This connection consists in the present instance of a rod y
having a shoulder y (Figs. 7 and 44) bearing against an army on a spindle 25,
which has a finger supporting the latch C (Fig. 12) of the bar E. Thus when
the lever is moved by a line-closing pin. the free end of the bar E16 will be
raised, so that the pin on the constantly vibrating lever E" will enter the slot es
and will thrust the plunger E10 inwards to free the wheel E' from the shaft E3
and frictionally lock the latter to the frame E20, Fig. 12.
Provision is made for starting the machine again automatically as soon as the
released parts have fully returned to their initial positions. For this purpose the
pin I on the register wheel is availed of, to strike at the end of the return move-
ment, an army, Figs. 16, 17, 18 and 46, on the end of spindle y, which at
its opposite end has an arm y37 bearing against a rod y. The front end of this
rod is opposite a pin 40 on the latch C, Figs. 12 and 46, when the latch bar E16
is raised, and since the latch har remains raised, because the machine has stopped
so quickly that the lever J remains in the position shown in Fig. 44, the striking
of the pin I, against the army, Fig. 46, will push the rod y forward, and with
it the latch C, and disengage the latter from the finger 2. The bar E, then
drops and the machine starts again automatically.
AUTOMATIC LINE CLOSING.
The main object of this feature of the invention is to increase the speed of
operation of typographic machines by enabling the operator of the typographic
machine, to which the invention is applied, to finger or operate the key-board
continuously without having to give any of his time to the separation and clos-
ing of the composed matter into lines.
This result is accomplished by combining with the space-key or bar, and with
line-closing devices and the register (or other device which measures the length
of, or number of units in, the matter being composed), a device or devices or
mechanism, whereby the operation of the said space-key, when the composed
matter reaches the closing limits" of the line shall automatically operate the
line-closing mechanism.
Between the line-closing mechanism and the above mentioned space-key there
is provided, according to this invention, suitable mechanism for connecting and
disconnecting those parts at the proper times in order that the movement of the
space key near the end of the line, and only then, will throw the line-closing
mechanism into action. At all other times the space key and the line-closing
mechanism will be so far free of each other that the space-key can perform its
normal duty of making spaces between words without affecting the line-closing
mechanism. The operation of the connecting devices is controlled by the register
or other moving part which indicates the length of, or the number of units in,
the line being composed, in order that when said line has reached a length within
so many units of the standard length of line (or in other words, the closing
limits the register or measuring part will then connect the space-key with the
line-closing mechanism. When the space-key is next operated at the end of the
word then being composed, this movement of the space-key will throw the line-
closing mechanism into action, and the line will be closed automatically, so that
the operator can proceed with his composition continuously.
"

page_text: A hyphen-key may, in the same way and by substantially the same means, be
automatically connected with the line closing mechanism by the measuring device
when the matter being composed reaches the closing limits of the desired length
of line, so that where there happens to be a very long word within these closing
limits, that word may be hyphenated and the line closed on the hyphen.
After the line has been closed automatically as described suitable means pro-
vided for the purpose disconnect the space-key automatically from the line-
closing mechanism in order that through the main part of this next line, such
key may perform only its ordinary duty of word spacing without affecting or
acting upon the line-closing mechanism. But when the closing limits of this next
line are reached, as indicated by the register, the latter will again automatically
connect the said key with the line-closing mechanism to make the line-closing
automatic.
This invention may be applied to various kinds of typographic machines. It
may be applied to typographic machines of the class in which the type are sup-
plied from magazines and set or pushed out in a continuous line, and in such
case this composed matter will be separated into lines of the desired length by
introducing line-spaces automatically on the operation of the space key or hyphen
key when connected up with the line-closing mechanism.
The invention may also be applied to that class of typographic machines in
which the lines are moved into galleys; such lines are automatically separated.
The invention may be similarly applied to machinés in which the types are cast
and set.
This invention may also be applied to line-bar or linotype machines in which
matrices are assembled and a line cast therefrom. The closing of the line of
matrices has heretofore been effected by hand, by the operation of a line-key or
line-lever by the operator. According to the present invention, this closing of
the line of matrices is effected automatically by combining with the space key
and line-closing mechanism, devices, whereby those parts may be automatically
connected by the register when the line of matrices reaches the closing limits,
so that on the next operation of the space-key (or it may be a hyphen-key)..the
line-closing mechanism will be operated automatically. In any of the classes of
typographical machines described for assembling types or dies, the line of types
or dies may themselves constitute the register or measuring means.
In a matrix-forming machine, the feed of the matrix carriage is effected with
each operation of a character-key or space-key, and mechanism is provided for
moving the matrix sheet from one line to the next. Combined with this line
movement mechanism and with the space-key are devices whereby those parts
will be automatically connected by the register when the given line reaches its
closing limits.
This invention is similarly applicable to type-writing machines.
For the purpose of carrying out this invention in the machine shown in the
drawings, the projection y of the lever Y instead of being fixed thereon is carried
by a slide Y, which can have a limited movement lengthwise of said lever and
is normally held in its upward position by a push spring y Fig. 41.
The slide can, however, be pushed down to bring the projection y out of line with
the line-closing lever and into line with the word space lever J, Fig. 45. This
is effected by an arm Y2 on the rock shaft 5 acting upon a pin y¹ on the back
of the slide Y¹. As already explained, the projection I on the unit register
wheel I, when the latter reaches the closing limits of the line being composed
acts upon the roller yll and through the link and arm y rocks the shaft y³,
Fig. 41, and presses down the slide Y¹ to bring its projection opposite the
lever J, as shown in Fig. 43. It is now held in this position by the pendent
arm Figs. 41, 16 and 18, engaging its pin by the same movement with
the inner notch 16 of the latch Y. This is afterwards released and the rock
shaft allowed to return by the pin F (Fig. 16) on the return movement of
the register wheel striking the end y" of latch Y³.

page_text: It is preferable to hold the rock shaft y', however, until the wheel I has been
moved forward again to its starting position shown in Fig. 16, and therefore
there is provided on the wheel I a projection y", which comes in front of the
pin y on the arm y, as said pin is released from notch y of the latch Y³, and
this projection y holds back the army until the wheel is fed forward again to
the position shown in Fig. 16.
When the projection y has been pushed down as described within the closing
limits of the line in composition, it is evident that a word-space pin d³ set within.
such closing limits and acting upon its lever J will through the latter move the
arm over and through the rock shaft y, Fig. 44, automatically release the
unit register wheel I and the word space wheel J, and through rod tempor-
arily stop the machine. At the same time it will automatically project in the
same radial row of the composing wheel E¹ a line pin ready to do its work
when it gets round to the final performing position, where it will act upon its
lever Z.
This automatic projection of the pin in the composing wheel is effected by
the devices shown in Fig. 45 and also in the plan view, Fig. 5. The rear side
of the slide Y¹ acts against one arm of a lever y20 pivoted at y¹ to a bracket w20,
Fig. 5, while the other arm of the lever acts upon a pivoted lever Y5 and this
latter pushes out the pin in the same radial row with that word space pin d
which has actuated the lever J and lever Y.
To avoid possible breakage of the projection y, should it happen that the
slide Y is pushed down while the word-space lever J is projected, this projec-
tion is pivoted to the slide Y at its rear end and is held down by a pull
springy which will, however, yield when required, as illustrated in Fig. 42,
until the lever J returns, as shown in Fig. 43.
It may be added that the rock-shaft y also carries an arm Y, Figs. 16, 17,
44 and 48, which on the operation of the said rock-shaft within the line-closing
limits of a line being composed throws into operative position certain parts for
release of the justifying devices, as hereinafter described.
We now pass to the description of the mechanisms which are controlled by the
final performing levers Z, X, V, M, M and M18. First there will be described
THE CHARACTER LOCATING MECHANISM.
The principal parts of this mechanism comprise a movable type-carrier_T,
slides controlling the movements of the carrier, and a rotary grooved cam cylin-
der P on the main shaft, the slides having plungers to be projected into the cam
grooves to
cause the slides to move the type-carrier to bring the desired
characters in succession to the common point of impression and to return the
carrier to its normal central position. The projected pins upon the composing
wheel determine the selection of the plungers in the said slides and accordingly
also the characters to be brought to the point of impression.
As heretofore stated, the type-carrier itself may vary greatly in construction.
One in the form of a cylinder, as shown at T, in Figs. 28, 30 and 31, is preferred.
It is so mounted that it can have a longitudinal (in this case vertical) move-
ment and a rotary movement and so that these movements may be in different
directions from a normal central position. This type-cylinder has the type t
arranged on the cylinder in rows horizontally and vertically with the normal
central point indicated by the dotted square in the diagram Fig. 49, which shows
the preferred arrangement of the several characters. Any character on the
central vertical row can be located" or brought to the common point by a
vertical movement of the type cylinder upwards or downwards, and any character
on the central horizontal row can be brought to a common point by a hori-
zontal or rotary movement to the right or left, while all the other characters
are located by combined vertical and horizontal movements, as will be readily
understood.
The cams by which these movements are produced are in the form of

page_text: grooves, 3 &c. on the single cam cylinder P on the main shaft, Fig. 24.
The forms of these several cam grooves are shown extended, in the diagram
Fig. 25.
In front of this cam groove cylinder are mounted two slides Q and Q¹,
Figs. 2, 24" and 26, which are free to slide horizontally on guide rods I
mounted in standards W on the frame of the machine.
Each of these slides Q, Q is provided with a series of plungers 0, 0, 02, 0³, &c.
corresponding in number with the grooves in the cylinder P and movable trans-
versely in the slide and held by friction springs gº, Fig. 26. When the slides
are in their normal central positions, as shown in Fig. 2 and 24", the inner ends
of these plungers 0, 0 &c. which may be termed selecting" plungers, are
directly in line with the closely adjacent or entering portions of the cam-grooves,
so that then any selected plunger of either slide, at that point in the revolution
of the cam cylinder, may be projected into engagement with its corresponding
cam-groove, 72, 73, &c., and as the cam cylinder rotates, that groove will
cause the plunger slide to move horizontally to the right or to the left and to
a distance depending on the cam-groove selected.
In addition to the cam grooves, there is provided a centralizing groove
which in the present instance is shown midway between the right and left-hand
sets of cams. To further effect with certainty the centralization of the slides,
while the selecting plungers are opposite the cut-away portion 16 of the cam
cylinder, projections P are provided against which the projecting, lugs on the
slides Q and Q can bear as the cam-cylinder rotates, Fig. 24".
The series of grooves p', p³, 1³ on the right, can move either slide Q, Q
to the right and return the slide to its normal position, while the cam
grooves 7, 76, 7, 8 on the left can move either slide to the left and return at.
each revolution of the cam cylinder. The two series of cam-grooves may act
on the plunger slides separately, or either series may act on both slides at once
so that all the desired movements of the type carrier are obtained from a single
cam-cylinder. In the diagram, Fig. 25, the direction of movement of the
cylinder is indicated by arrows. At the back of the grooves there is a transverse
incline, which, as shown in Fig. 8, will push back into the slides the plungers
which have been projected.
The two slides are so connected up by any suitable means to the type-carrier T
that one slide, say the upper slide Q, will impart rotary motion in one direction
or the other to the carrier while the other slide Q will impart vertical motion
to it up or down, according to the direction and extent to which the slides Q
and Qare moved by the cam grooves through the selected plungers.
In the specific construction shown, the type-carrier is composed of a sleeve T
on which is detachably held a shell T by means of a screw ring ', Fig. 28. In
the shell T are vertical grooves for the reception of the type or punches t,
Figs. 28, 30, 30" and 31 but these types occupy only about one half the circum-
ference of the cylindrical type carrier, the other half of such circumference
being left free to bear against the support R7 (Figs. 30 and 31) as hereinafter
referred to. The type sleeve T is mounted on a spindle q¹s so as to turn there-
with, but free to slide longitudinally thereon, as by means of a key moving in
a longitudinal key-way t, Fig. 28. The spindle is turns in suitable bearings,
one at the lower part of the vibrating frame ¹, and the other at in the
detachable cap R².
To rotate the spindle 18, and consequently the type-carrier in one direction
or the other, there is mounted on the lower end of this spindle a gear wheel q
gearing with teeth 12 in a horizontal rod Q2 connected at its opposite end to
the slide Q.
To impart vertical motion to the type-carrier from the slide Q, the type
sleeve T has an annular groove 16 for the reception of the forked upper end,
Figs. 29 and 30, of the vertical rack into which meshes the pinion on the
horizontal shaft 26 having at its opposite end the pinion meshing into a rack
rack on a tubular rod Q³. The rod Q passes centrally through the tubular

page_text: rod Q³, and the latter has a slot q3 for the passage through it of the gear
wheel q. The tubular rod Q³ is connected to the lower slide Q¹ through an
arm and rod, Fig. 27.
The vibrating frame R¹ which carries the movable type-carrier and its spindle,
is pivoted by journals, Figs. 32 and 35 to bearings in the arched part W8 of
the frame, Figs. 3 and 30. The connecting rods Q, Q³ pass concentrically
through hollow journals, Figs. 30 and 32. The upper portion of the frame R
is somewhat in the form of a vertical cylinder with an opening through which
the type on the type shell can project, while the lower part of the frame has
an arm with an antifriction roller bearing against a cam R, Figs. 24 and 32,
on the main shaft E3, this cam being such as to vibrate the upper part of the
type-carrier frame towards and from the matrix cylinder or carriage U, Fig. 30,
at each revolution of the shaft. In the upper part of the arched frame We there
is provided a back-stop, with an adjustable nut and a spring, while on
the upper part of the vibrating cylinder R' is a projection to make contact
with the back-stop at each stroke; this determines an accurate depth of
impression into the matrix paper on the carriage U.
At the back of the type-carrier T, directly opposite the point of impression,
there is an adjustable support R against which the back of the type-carrier T
rests. This support is adjustable by screws 29 and 30 in the plate R³ of the
vibrating frame, Figs. 30, 31, and 33.
In order to secure perfect alignment of successive impressions additional
aligning devices are provided, as will now be described; On the type sleeve T
there 1S secured a flange T with
left-hand
right and
notches or
stops and 27, Figs. 28 and 34. To work in conjunction with these
aligning stops, there is provided a plate R mounted on vertical pivots
at 16 and passing through the vertical slot 15 of the plate R³, Fig. 33. At the
outer end of this pivoted plate R, there is a flange R which has, as shown in
Fig. 34, two sets of aligning notches or stops and to co-operate with the
flange T on the type-carrier. The plate K has an arm 2, Figs. 32 and 34,
with a spring which tends to keep the notched flanges R and T in engage-
ment with each other. They are by means of a cam R on the main shaft,
Fig. 32, held out of engagement with each other except at the time when the
slides Q, Q under the action of the cam cylinder P are holding the type-carrier
with the desired type or punch in the impressing position. On referring to
the diagram, Fig. 25, it will be seen that the portion 710 of the revolution of
the cam marks the locating" stage, the portion 2 marks the aligning stage,
the portion 3 marks the impressing stage, the portion 7,13 marks the freeing
of the alignment, and marks the return of the slide. Just before the selected
plunger of a slide reaches the portion of its groove (p³, 2 &c.) the flanges R6
and T of the aligning devices are allowed to come into engagement and immedi-
ately the said cammed portion will bring the adjacent stop on one of said
flanges firmly against the edge of the other flange, to make the alignment per-
fect. Thus any stop 25 of the flange on the type sleeve will abut against the
right side, Fig. 34, of flange Ro, while any stop will abut against the left side
of said flange it. On the other hand the upper stops of flange R will abut
against the upper side of flange T while the lower stops will abut against
the lower side thereof.
L
In order to make this alignment possible, a yielding connection is provided
between the slides and the type-carrier. In the present instance, this pro-
vided where the rods Q and q make connection with the slides Q and Qin
boxes 7, Fig. 27. The end of each rod is provided with a shoulder Against
this and also against the inner end of a collar q2 bears a loose ring. At the
outer end of each rod a nut q holds a collar 710 in place. Against this collar
and an internal flange in the box bears a loose collar 7. Between the two
loose collars and q is provided a spring g'. This construction will permit

page_text: a slight. yield. in either direction of movement of either slide, at the time of
alignment.
The selection of the plungers 01, 02, 03, &c., of either slide Q, Qand 'their
movement into engagement with the corresponding cam grooves is controlled
from the keyboard through the medium of the pins do, to 18 inclusive of each
radial row on the composing wheel. These pins come into operation at the
final performing levers M, M and M18, Figs. 15 and 36. The plungers are
operated by two pairs of strikers M³, M2, M3, and M, each pivoted at m¹³ to its
arm M. The strikers M3 and M control the plungers of the upper slide Q, while
the strikers M23 and M³ control the plungers of the lower slide Q. Two of
the arms M², namely, those which carry the strikers MB and M are mounted
on. the ends of shafts m. These shafts can receive a rocking motion from the
performing levers M through the medium of the levers M¹ (loosely pivoted. on
shaft 2) connecting rods m³, arms m², shafts me and bevel gears m'. The extent
of this rocking motion will depend on which one of the performing levers M
is acted upon by its projected pin in the composing wheel. Each of these
levers M has four rollers m, Figs. 15 and 36, set at different distances from the
axis of the levers M and from the axis of the levers M, so that the first four
levers M, Fig. 36, acting upon the first lever M', rock the corresponding shaft in
and consequently its arm M and the striker M13 different distances depending
upon which of the pins 9, 10, 1, d2 has come into action. This striker M
is thus brought with one of its fingers m¹, m12 opposite one of the plungers (5
to Os of the upper slide. In like manner the pins 3, 14, 15 and dis will operate
to move the striker M33 to different positions in front of the set of plungers 0*
to 8 of the lower slide.
The arms M2 which carry the strikers M³ and M[33 rock on axes m, Figs. 1, 2
and 36, and through gears m2, move simultaneously with and to the same extent
away from their normal central positions as the corresponding strikers M¹³
and M33.
Each striker M, M has two fingers m and 10, while the striker M and M
have similar fingers m¹1 m2, the purpose being, by duplicating the fingers on
each striker, to reduce the extent of movement required to bring the striker into
position to act on the several plungers. Normally the finger m of the striker M
and the finger m of the striker M113 are opposite the central plunger O of the
upper slide. Similarly the corresponding fingers of the strikers M2 and M3 are
opposite the central plunger 0 of the lower slide. At such time the outer
fingers and m of the respective strikers are not opposite any plungers but
between two adjacent plungers. A single movement of either set of strikers to
the right or left, from the action of a pin 12 or a pin 6 will bring the fingers m³,
m midway between the respective central plungers O and the two adjacent
plungers and will bring the fingers m and m3 opposite the next to the end
plunger of the slide. Similarly the action of any other of these pins of the
composing wheel from their respective performing levers will move only one or
other of the fingers of a striker into position to act on a plunger.
To push the plungers in to engage with their respective cam grooves after the
strikers have been moved into the selected position, the strikers are rocked upon
their pivots m3 through suitable mechanism. In the present case the upper end
of each striker M³ and M has a connecting rod m passing at its rear end through
an opening in the flange n³, of a striker block N which rocks on the axis n²,
Figs. 8 and 36. The strikers M3 and M³ have similar push rods m. Rocking.
motion is imparted to the striker block N! once at each revolution of the main
shaft by a cam groove N in the end of the cam cylinder P acting upon a roller n
on an arm n carried by the axis ². This block N has pivoted to it at n, at
right angles to its axis, two striker bars N2 and N3 which are normally held by
springs n, Fig. 3, with the end of bar N2 opposite that rod m which acts upon
the striker M³, and with the striker bar N³ opposite that rod m which controls
the striker M³. So long as these striker bars are left in their normál positions

page_text: If the
only the strikers M³ and Mª³ will be operated at each revolution of the shaft. If
the arms M have not been moved to carry the strikers away from their normal
positions, shown in Fig. 36, the central plungers only will be projected and the
type-carrier will accordingly be held in its normal central position.
arms M³ carrying the upper strikers have been moved to bring a finger of each
of those strikers opposite the selected plunger, that plunger of the upper slide
will be projected to enter its groove while the central plunger of the lower slide
will be projected to maintain the lower slide in its normal position while the
upper slide is moved sidewise. When the plungers 05, 06, 07, 08 on the left have
to come into action on either slide, one or other of the striker bars N2 N3 will
have to be thrown over into position behind the rod or rods m15 which control
the strikers M13 and M33. This is effected through a pin d 17 or 18 on the com-
posing wheel acting upon a corresponding performing lever M" or M18. Each
of these levers M7 M8 is in the present instance connected through a rod n¹³ to
a lever n which in turn is connected by a rod n¹ to a bell crank lever n10; to
the other arm of this lever is pivoted a push rod n³ whose free end passes through
a guide in the striker block N' and bears against the lower end of the striker
bar Ns (or N³, as the case may be). The movement of this push-rod will throw
the corresponding striker bar into position behind the corresponding rod m15.
Springs me are provided between nuts m¹ (Fig. 8) on the rods m15 and mas
and the flange n³ of the striker block, in order to prevent the unoperated striker
from moving forward into the way of the plungers. Backstops m", Figs. 2 and 3,
are provided over the gears m² to determine the correct central position of the
striker. It is preferred to construct each plunger as shown in Fig. 20 with a
reduced outer end o¹ (except in the case of the central plungers) and an anti-
friction roller 08 at its opposite end where it engages with the cam groove.
MATRIX CARRIAGE.
In the present machine, which is a matrix machine, the carriage is a platen on
which the matrix sheet is mounted. This carriage is in the form of a cylinder U.
(Figs. 2, 3, 30 and 40) mounted upon a hollow shaft U which in turn is mounted
upon a fixed but adjustable journal U. This journal U4 has, at its opposite ends
eccentric portions u³, Fig. 40, the eccentricity being indicated by dotted lines
in Figs. 30 and 4. This journal U has a squared outer end to which a tool
may be applied to turn the journal in its bearings in the frame W8, and a set-
screw, Figs. 1 and 2, is provided to lock the journal in the frame in the
position to which it may be adjusted. By this rotary adjustment of this eccentric
journal U the edge of the platen adjacent to the type-carrier can be brought
nearer to, or further from, the latter to get varying depths of impression, as will
be understood on reference to Fig. 30. To secure the matrix sheet upon the
carriage or platen the latter is provided with a longitudinal channel 18 into
which the ends of the matrix sheet, after being drawn taut around the cylinder
are frictionally fastened by driving in a key 110, Fig. 30.
The carriage U can slide longitudinally upon the shaft U3 but must turn with
the latter because of the key sliding in the key-way t The longitudinal
movement of this carriage on the shaft U³ gives the feed for the characters and
word spaces, the line being printed or impressed longitudinally of the cylinder,
character by character, and the extent of feed movement varying with the units
required by each character when being impressed. The rotary movement of the
carriage gives the "line" feed.
NORMAL CARRIAGE FEED.
Longitudinal movement is imparted to, the carriage U from a screw-feed shaft Vs
mounted in bearings in the arched frame WB. This shaft has a screw-threaded
portion engaging with a correspondingly threaded sleeve U having a yoke u¹
engaging with an annular groove in the end of the carriage. On the outer end
of this feed-shaft s is an elongated pinion 27 engaging with a gear-wheel V,

page_text: on an
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4: On the same shaft with this gear wheel V is a feed
ratchet V5 Fig. 38; with the teeth of this wheel engages a feed pawl
arm, and held in gear by a spring 1, Fig. 4. This pawl-carrying arm vlª
receives its feed movement from a cam G on the main shaft E. This cam acts
on a roller 17 on an arm 18, on a shaft 19 which carries the bell-crank lever 10
one arm of which is connected by a rod 11 with the arm
'
This cam G is arranged to act upon these feed pawl devices to different extents.
dependent upon the character being impressed, and this is determined by the
unit feed pins projected into the composing wheel coming into contact with
the performing levers V, Figs. 15 and 38. Over the set of levers V. lies a lever-
arm V having six rollers v set at different distances from the shaft 3 to which
the arm is attached, and at different distances from the axis of the performing
levers, so that the operation of these several performing levers will give
different extents of rocking motion to the shaft. This rock shaft controls
the position of a variable stop V³, Figs. 38 and 38", through an arm 3 supporting
the stem of said variable stop which is vertically adjustable in the frame but
is normally pulled down to its lowest position shown in Fig. 38 by pull spring ..
At the upper end of this stop V2 are a number of steps marked, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,
indicating corresponding units of feed allowed to be given to the ratchet wheel V5
and thence to the matrix carriage. This stepped upper end of the variable stop Va
lies in a slot of a rod V3 connected to the lower arm of the bell-crank lever vlo
Against the stepped side of this variable stop-rod bears an adjustable rod
guided in a part of the frame. A pull spring 16 normally keeps, this back
stop against that one of the steps which is opposite to it, and this is dependent
upon the vertical position of the stop V².
When the stop rod is against the uppermost step of the stop V2, as shown in
Fig. 38, the roller on the arm 18 will not be moved by the cam G and therefore
no feed motion will be imparted to the ratchet wheel. When, however one of
the performing levers V is elevated by a projected pin 3 to 8 of the moving
composing wheel, the arm V. of the rock shaft will be moved to an extent.
dependent upon which pin has operated the lever, and the stop V2 will be ele-
vated a corresponding distance. If the pin is the one which has come into
action, the greatest throw will be given to the arm and the stop V2 will be
raised until the step 7 is opposite the stop-rod 8, so that then the roller is allowed
to come into engagement with the cam groove throughout its entire revolution
and the pawl 4 will be moved the largest number of teeth (7) of the ratchet
wheel and a correspondingly long feed motion will be imparted to the matrix
carriage.
LINE FEED.
To give the necessary rotary motion to the matrix cylinder U to feed at inter-
vals from one line to the next the hollow shaft U3 carries two ratchet wheels U U7
with different numbers of teeth to give different line spacing as may be desired,
Figs. 37 and 40. Into one of these ratchet wheels U engages a feed pawl Us and
under it a check-pawl U10. Into the other ratchet wheel U7 can engage a feed
pawl U and a check pawl U. Below the two pivoted check pawls is a rotary
lifting device U12 which can be turned by an arm 15, so that the projection 1,
Fig. 37, can lift the check pawl and feed pawl out of engagement with
the ratchet feed U', while the check-pawl U10 and feed pawl Us are brought into
engagement with the ratchet U. By giving a half turn to this lifting device U¹ª
the projection u will raise the pawls US and 10 and allow the pawls U and Un
to come into action. The lifting device U can be held in either position by a
spring-stop 20, Fig. 37°.
The feed pawls US and U are both carried by an arm 4 ou a shaft which
at its opposite end has an arm 2 to which an operating rod 73 is connected,
Figs. 4 and 46. This rod 73 is connected to an arm, Fig. 40, on the release
shaft which extends longitudinally of the machine. On this release shaft

page_text: 15 an arm connected by a link z with a performing lever Z, Fig. 15. Each time
that a projected line pin don the composing wheel comes around to the final
performing position, it will act on this lever % to rock the release shaft and
through the devices just described, impart a line feed movement to the matrix
carriage U, at the same time the rock shaft 7 releases the several parts to be
restored to their initial positions, as hereinafter described.
AUTOMATIC JUSTIFYING MECHANISM.
One of the features of the present invention is the automatic justifying mechau-
ism in which there is combined with the matrix or other feed carriage a mechanism
for giving to the carriage that variable space feed which is required by the vary-
ing unit widths of the different characters or letters and the unit widths of the
normal word spaces and with such feed mechanism is combined supplementary
mechanism controlled by the unit register and preferably also by the word-space
register to modify the normal feed in the word-spaces, increasing or diminishing
that normal feed to the extent that may be necessary to automatically justify the
line in such word spaces.
The detailed mechanism preferred to be employed is fully illustrated in Figs. 3,
5, 7, 18, 18, 40 and 48, but the essential elements of this part of the invention,
and the operation of the same will be best understood by reference to the dia-
gram, Fig. 39.
In this diagram U indicates the carriage to which the justifying feed motion
is to be imparted. The normal variable feed may be imparted to the carriage by
any suitable mechanism, this normal feed varying with the different widths of
the different letters or characters and with the widths normally allowed for word-
spaces. In the diagram, Fig. 39, there has been shown the same normal feed
mechanism which has already been fully described, except that it has not been
explained heretofore that the screw-shaft VS can be moved longitudinally in its
bearings, being normally pressed to the left by a spiral spring . The pinion
which engages with the gear wheel V is elongated to permit of its longitudinal
movement without interfering with the rotary motion imparted to the shaft by
the normal feed.
Against the left-hand end (Fig. 39) of the feed shaft Vs bears the end of a
lever X on a shaft, which has an arm a connected to a radius rod. This
latter at its opposite end is guided in a curved slot in the segmental lever X+ which
has its fulcrum at
The position of the outer end of this radius rod in the slotted lever X+ is
determined or controlled by the unit register. For this purpose a pendent leg r
on this radius rod can come to rest upon a projection 10 on the vertically adjust-
able unit register rack 15.
The lever X is moved upon its fulcrum by mechanism dependent in its action
upon the number of word spaces in which justification of the line is to take place.
In some classes of work, as for instance in newspapers, it may suffice to pro-
vide for justification in the same number of word spaces for all lines. Thus it may
be provided to justify all lines in four word-spaces, it being assumed that there
will be at least four word spaces in every line. In such case it will be sufficient
to give to the lever X four movements on its pivot by suitable means at the
times when the four word-spaces in which justification is to take place are success-
ively reached. In the diagram we have indicated a connecting rod joined at
one end to the lever X at a proper distance from the fulcrum of the latter. The
rod is shown connected at the other end to a bell-crank lever X controlled
from the word space representations in the composing wheel.
Some suitable means is provided for raising the outer end of the radius rod
in the curved slot of the segmental lever X; in the diagram, a pendent rod zlo
is shown pivoted to the rod and having near its lower end a toe which can
rest upon a projection on the lever X. This lever X is pivoted at a and is,
during part of the operation of the machine, intermittently fed downwards by

page_text: suitable pawls 13, against the action of a suitable counterweight or spring.
In the present instance the counter-weight is shown as a weight X8 on a bell-
crank lever a pivoted at and connected by a link to an arm on the
axis of the ratchet.
The operation is this:
The radius rod is raised to the highest position in the slotted lever X by
the counter-weight X3 when the pawls and are thrown out; by the time
the radius rod has reached its highest position, however, the nose of the
rod will have been forced off the lifting projection on the arm X by the
heel on the said arm acting on the extended end of the rod. The radius
rod drops again at once until its pendent leg comes to rest upon the projection ¿¹
of the rack, which thus locates or determines the position which the outer end
of the radius rod shall occupy in the slot of the lever X. According as that
connection is near to or further from the fulcrum of the lever X will
the end movement given to the part Vs of the feed shaft and hence to the car-
riage U be less or greater, when the rod 2 moves the lever X+ on its fulcrum at
each justifying word space. If the word-space rod be moved in the direction
of its arrow, at the word-spaces, as by a feed pawl acting upon the ratchet teeth
of the lever X and the unit register gives to the radius roda point of connection
to the lever X below the pivot of the latter, the normal feed of the carriage will
be increased at the word-spaces, as indicated by the dotted lines, while if the unit
register gives to the radius rod a position in the lever X above its pivot, the
normal feed of the carriage will be diminished at the word-spaces. The increase
or diminution being dependent upon the error shown by the unit register, the
result will be automatic justification of the line by the action of the devices
described.
If the composed line happens to be of the standard length the unit register
will locate the rod in line with the fulcrum of the lever X and the motion
imparted to the word space rod and the lever X will consequently impart no
end motion to the feed shaft V8 and carriage.
In the foregoing explanation of the elemental features of this part of the
invention, in connection with Fig. 39, it has been assumed, for the sake of
simplicity, that the justification is distributed through the same number of
word spaces in all the lines, four word-spaces being provided for in the lever X2.
In practice, however it is preferable to construct the machine so that the justifi-
cation has to be distributed over more or fewer word-spaces in different lines
according to the number of such spaces in those lines.
For this purpose, the lever X2, as shown in Figs. 7, 40 and 48, is provided
with a greater number of ratchet teeth for engagement of the feed pawl 16,
and the word-space rod is connected to a curved slot in the lever X in the
same way as the radius rod is connected to the segmental lever X+; and the
position of the end of the rod in the lever X³ is determined by the word
space register. The two levers X and X are secured to a common shaft or
fulcrum, through brackets, and this shaft turns in a bearing W15
in the frame. The manner of connecting each of these radius rods and
to its segmental lever is illustrated more clearly in Figs. 18 and 48; each rod
has a roller 3 (0) working in a slot in its segmental lever. The rod 2 has
pivoted to it a pawl with a tail piece and a spring to cause its lower end
to engage with ratchet teeth on the segmental lever X', except when the
upright arm 77 acting upon the tail piece throws the said pawl out of engage-
ment with its ratchet, Figs. 17, 18, 40 and 48. In like manner the word-space
rod has pivoted to it a pawl 31 with a tail piece to be acted on by the
upright lever 78 and a spring to throw the pawl into engagement with a
ratchet on the segmental lever X3, when the lever Z does not hold the
pawl out. The end of the radius rod ² is connected to the arm secured to
the shaft which has the arm X to bear against the end of the feed shaft V8,
Figs. 40 and 48. The end of the word-space rod is connected to the arm

page_text: of the lever X which can turn on the shaft. The pawl ¹ which engages with
the teeth of the lever X, Fig. 40, is pivoted to a lever 15 turning on the
same shaft 28, and this pawl-carrying lever 15 is connected by a rod z to
the performing lever X. Each time a word-space pin d² comes around to the
final performing position it lifts the lever and through the connections
described causes the pawl to raise the lever X2 one tooth, and a check pawl 18
holds the lever in its raised position.
Each of the radius rods, 20 has a pendent lifting rod 10 with its toe-21
to be acted on by the lifting lever X on the shaft and counter-weight
devices, such as already described with reference to Fig. 39.
to
The lifting of the counter-weight X8 for a new operation is effected by the
action of a pawl carried by an arm 70, Fig. 7, free to turn upon the shaft th
This pawl-carrying arm may be actuated from the main shaft in any suitable
way, as by means of a cam X, Fig. 24, on the end of the cylinder P acting
against a roller on an arm of a bell-crank lever pivoted at a to the part W
of the frame, and having its other arms, Fig. 2, connected by a rod
the arm and pawland, Figs. 7 and 40. A check pawl pivoted to
a bracket on the frame will hold the segmental ratchet a and connected parts
in the positions to which fed by the pawl, until, through the arm Z10 and
rod Z on the rocking of the release shaft Z, the check pawl is lifted and
the overlying feed pawl is lifted with it.
On such release of. the pawls from the ratchet 1 the counter-weight X8
will cause the arms X acting upon the toes 12 of the lifting rods 10 to raise the
two radius rods and in the slots of the curved levers X and X. By
the time the ends of these radius rods reach the tops of the slots, the toes
will have been pushed off the lifting projections of levers X by the heels,
Fig. 40, and the radius rods and will at once fall.again until the leg
of the rod comes to rest upon the projection of the unit register rack 215,
and the projection of the word-space rod comes to rest upon the pro-
jection of the word-space rack J, as shown in Fig. 40. During this down-
ward movement of the radius rods the pawls and will have been held out
of their respective ratchets and by the upright arms 77 and 73, Figs. 40
and 48. Immediately thereafter the arms and 78 are moved to allow the
pawls and to engage with the teeth of their respective ratchets correspond-
ing with the positions in which the radius rods are then held by the unit
register rack and the word space register rack. These ratchets 8 and thus
maintain the registration of both the units error and the number of word spaces
in the line until justification is completed.
By way of illustration there will be now described the justification of a line
having an error of sixteen units short of the standard line and seven word-
spaces in which to justify. Fig. 40 may be taken as representing the positions
which the radius rods and would then occupy in the slotted levers X
and X3, as determined by the unit register rack 15 and the word-space register
rack Jo, the said radius rods being then locked in those positions by their
respective pawls and. Each time the word-space pin in the composing
wheel, revolving in the direction of the dotted arrow, Fig. 40, reaches the final
performing lever X the bell-crank lever X will be raised one tooth of its ratchet
and held by its check pawl 18. This movement of the arm X2 is conveyed to
the word-space rod which pushes the lever X³ and consequently the lever X
one-seventh of its full sweep, in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 40, thus
accomplishing one-seventh of the justification of the represented line. The unit
radius rod being located in its lever X at a distance from the fulcrum 8
equal to sixteen units, is moved to the left one-seventh of the sixteen units with
the lever X. This movement of the radius rod ² causes a corresponding forward
movement of the feed shaft V8, and carriage U, Fig. 39, adding to the normal
two-units word-space an additional space equal to one seventh of sixteen units.
At each word-space a like addition is given to the normal word-space feed

page_text: :
+
so that when the end of the line is reached automatic justification will bo
complete.
When the line composed is found to be some units longer than the standard,
the unit register rack will have been fed to such a high position that then
the radius rod will come to rest thereon with its end in the slot of the lever X
at a point above the fulcrum of the lever: consequently each movement of the
pair of levers X3, X at the word-space will move the arm X backwards and
owing to the spring the normal word-space feed will be proportionally
diminished the requisite amount to bring the line at its close to the..standard
length.
When the word-space devices move the pair of slotted levers X and X upon
their common fulcrum a pin on the lever X, Fig. 18, will push the
supporting leg (against the action of a spring a) off the supporting projec
tion of the units-rack ; which is thus freed to receive the registration of
the succeeding line. In that Fig. 18, the rack i̟ is shown as fed upwards for
registration of a subsequent line a fewer number of units short of the standard
than was the preceding line whose registration is still kept by the pawl of the
radius rod. Fig. 18 shows how thereafter the radius rod 2 has been elevated
by the devices heretofore described and then dropped until its leg is supported
on the adjusted register rack 15. The spring by keeping the pivoted leg a
against the pin brings the said leg into proper position to come down onto
the projection of the rack, because meantime the lever X has resumed its
initial position.
If for any reason the radius rod, when intended to drop in lever X³ say
10 spaces, should catch and stop at a less number, say word spaces, the justifying
devices would nevertheless attempt to continue to feed for the 10 spaces and
then some part would break, because the lever X3 would have been given its
full sweep by the time the fourth word space had been reached. To prevent
such accident, the safety catch X, Fig. 40 is provided. It is pivoted at 8, and
is connected to the lever X by a rod, so as to throw the catch X under the
projection of the pawl, when raised and lock it in its raised position and
so prevent its descent for another tooth, whenever and as soon as the lever X³ has
reached its full sweep.
RELEASE MOVEMENTS.
It has been already described how, at the close of a line, the rocking of the
release shaft by the "line" pin d', Fig. 46, coming into contact with the
performing lever %, causes the line-feed to be imparted to the carriage through
the rod and connections to the pawls U8 and Û³.
The same movement of the release shaft 7 releases a number of other parts
and devices to restore them to their initial positions, and at the same time
causes the machine to stop by the throwing of the clutch, the machine being,
however, re-started automatically as soon as the parts released have reached their
initial positions.
At the right-hand end of the shaft 71 is secured an arm 7 which controls
. the automatic stop-motion mechanism. This arm acts upon a finger secured
to a cross-shaft (Fig. 46). This cross-shaft carries a finger supporting
the latch C, Figs. 12 and 46, of the latch-bar E16, so that the rocking of the
shaft Z raises the latch-bar E, through the connections described, so as to
bring the pin of the vibrating lever E" into the slot with the result of
pulling out the plunger E to stop the machine.
Another arm Z10 Fig. 10, adjacent to the arm 76 is connected by a rod 10,
Figs. 6, 7 and 40, to the rear arm of the check pawl, so that on the rocking
of the release shaft, this pawl and the feed pawl are both thrown out of
engagement with the ratchet 1, and the arms X will raise the radius levers ²
and and allow them to drop again onto the newly set register racks 15
and Jo

page_text: Another arm, Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 4S, on the release shaft is connected by
a rod Z to an arm on the check-pawl 18 of the word-space devices, and when the
release shaft Z¹ is rocked, this check-pawl is disengaged from the ratchet teeth
of the lever X and at the same time it lifts up the feed pawl 16, so that this
lever X can then drop down again to its starting point and draw back the pair
of slotted levers X and X to their initial position prior to the beginning of a
new justifying action.
At the left hand end of the release shaft Z' is an arm 22 connected by a link Z
to the rear arm of the check-pawl 23 of the carriage feed ratchet wheel V, Fig. 46.
When the release shaft 7 is rocked as described this check-pawl will be lifted
out of engagement with the wheel V5 and the feed pawl 14 will he lifted out at
the same time, so that then, under the action of a suitable spring or counter-
weight, such as the weight V on the cord, passing around a pulley 26,
Figs. 3, 4 and 6, the said wheel V can return to its starting point which is
reached when the stop on the wheel comes against a fixed stop on the frame,
Figs. 1, 2, and 4.
The return movement of this wheel V5 is availed of to re-start
the machine through the following connections to the clutch mechanism. As
shown in Fig. 46, a projection on the wheel V5 when the latter reaches its
initial position, comes into contact with one arm of the bell-crank lever con-
mected by a link to a bell-crank lever which in turn is connected by a
rod 30 to an arm on a shaft which also carries an arm. The upper end
of this arm is connected to a bent-push-rod Z12, whose outer end is opposite a
pin or projection y on the latch C of the bar E. Through the connections
described, or other suitable connections the return of the wheel V5 pushes the
latch Coff the end of the supporting arm y, so that immediately the bar E
will drop and thereupon the vibrating lever E17 will draw out the plunger E10
and clutch the driving wheel to the shaft.
The release rock-shaft 7 has still another arm Z, Fig. 48, through which the
locking pawls and 31 of the radius rods and 29 are released from the
slotted levers X3 and X+ for a resetting of the radius rods for the justification of
the next line. For this purpose the arms 7 and 78 which are to act on the tails
of the pawls and are secured to a rock shaft 12 having an arm all to which
is pivoted the lever 2, whose upper hooked end 8 engages with the arm 7, Fig. 48.
The release shaft 7' is operated by every set" line pin d, as it comes to the
final performing position whether that line pin has been set automatically for a
full length line requiring justification or has been set by hand for a short line,
which is not to be justified.
In order to prevent such a "short line" pin from operating the justifying
mechanism, and attempting to justify such short line, the following devices are
employed:
To the lower arm of the check pawl 18 of the word-space lever X2 is connected
a catch rod Figs. 7, 40, 46 and 48, which, when the pawls 16 and 18 are
thrown out. Fig. 48. by the rocking of the release shaft will hook its nose
over a fixed keeper, and prevent said pawls from operating on the ratchet teeth
of the word-space lever X unless the supporting link 7 carried by the arm
on the rock shaft. 12 has lifted the catch rod clear of the keeper.
Provision is made for normally keeping the hooked upper end of the lever out
of engagement with the arm 75 of the release rod, as shown in Figs. 16, 17
and 40, and throwing the said lever into engagement with said arm only during
the latter part of each line of "final impression." For this purpose the 'shaft
which is rocked within the closing limits of each line in composition. Fig. 41, is
provided with an arm Y10. This arm has a pin y, Fig. 16, working in a slot 5
in a horizontal latch ", whose opposite end is hooked at y to engage with a
fixed keeper, when pushed forward. A pull spring 25 connects this latch y
with the lever and tends to keep the projection, Figs. 17 and 4S, against
the said lever. The latch also rests upon a projection on the lever

page_text: 22
When the closing limits of a line in composition is reached, and therefore
when the preceding line, which is receiving its "final representation is about
half completed, the rocking of the shaft and consequent movement of its
arm pushes the latch y forward until its end hooks
36
the fixed keepery. Through the spring
is pulled over into the path of the arm
ment of the latter, Fig. 48, unless the
prevent it: .
.
over
the hooked upper end 8 of the lever
and remains there ready for the move-
short line devices now to be described
On a shaft 18 is fixed a long curved lever Z", Figs. 6, 7, and 48, which through
the action of its counterweight 220 on the arm 1 lies just within the line of the
outermost concentric row of pins (4) on the composing wheel. If a projected, one
of these line pins d¹ should at this stage reach the lever Z, it would act on tho
latter to rock the shaft 18 and through the arm 21 act on the lever which is
pivoted at and acts on the lower arm of the lever . Such a line pin. d
reaching the lever Z" at this stage would be a pin set by hand for a short line,
and through the connections described the upper hooked end of the lever would
be held out of the way of the arm Z, and therefore, the rocking of the release
shaft will have no effect upon the rock shaft and the arm will not
through the link 7 lift the latch, but the hooked end of the latter will catch
over the keeper and consequently the pawls 18 and 6 will be kept out of
engagement with the teeth of the word space lever X3 and no movement of the
justifying devices can take place for this short line.
When the lever 7 engages with the arm of the release shaft Z, the same
lifting motion which rocks, the shaft, 12 to, throw, out the pawls, and a and
disengage the latch rod from its keeper, also lifts the latchy by the projec-
tion on the lever acting on the underside of the latch to disengage it
from the keeper, the tension of the spring then drawing the latch back
sufficiently to keep it out.
GENERAL OPERATION.
The operator should begin by "setting" a line pin in the composing wheel
in order to insure the return of the moving parts to their initial positions from
the. positions in which they may have been left by a previous use of the machine.
The, driving wheel having been started, the operator now fingers the keys, as
he would the keys of a type-writing machine, but he can do this continuously,
as the machine automatically closes the lines, justifies them and arranges the
matter in a justified column.
A
This fingering of the keys causes the corresponding striker bars A to be lifted
into the path of the power-operated and constantly moving striker A, as the
keys are released by the operator. As the striker can engage the bars to move
them forward only at a certain point in its stroke, the selecting pins and
universal bars are operated at the proper time to. project or set the desired pre-
liminary representation" pins in the composing wheel. By the action of the
selected representation pins upon their preliminary performing levers, the unit
registering devices register or ascertain the number of units in the. matter being
composed, and at the same time the word-space register ascertains the number
of word spaces in the line. If, for the sake of illustration, the standard line be
assumed to be one of 130 units, the matter being composed will have its "line-
closing limits" ranging from say 105 to 140 units. When the unit register
reaches such line-closing limits, the word-space key will be connected
(indirectly through its projected word space pin on the composing wheel) with
the line closing mechanism, by the downward movement of the slide Y to bring
its projection y opposite the lever J, Figs. 41 and 43, and thereupon the next
word-space pin will close the line automatically and release the unit and, word-
space registers or the parts I and II thereof to return for registration of the next
line. At the time of this release of these registers the automatic stop motion
up

page_text: will be actuated to momentarily stop the composing wheel and other parts of the
machine until the released parts of the registers have reached their initial posi-
tions, and then the machine is automatically restarted. As illustrated in Fig. 50,
the representation of a complete line in the particular arrangement shown in the
drawings will occupy about one-half the composing wheel, and about
one-half of the second line will have been composed or have its
preliminary representation 'set," before the final representation' of
"
the first line begins. This final representation begins when the first set pins
come around to the final performing levers, where the selection of the character
on the type-carrier and the movement of the latter are determined by the selected
levers M, M and M18. At the same time the selected levers V impart such units
feed to the matrix or other carriage as will correspond with the widths of the
characters being impressed. In the meanwhile the units register rack 15 has
been set in a position determined by the ascertained number of units which the
composed line is longer or shorter than the predetermined standard.
The word-space rack Ja has also been set in a position determined by the auto-
matically ascertained number of word-spaces in the line composed. Accordingly
the radius rods and are set by these racks in corresponding positions in their
respective segmental levers X and X3, with the result of modifying the normal
word space feed of the carriage, to increase or diminish such word space feed, so
that by the time the end of the line is reached it will have been automatically
justified, as heretofore described in detail.
When the end of the line is reached at the final performing lever, the "set"
linc-closing pin d¹ will so operate the release rod as to cause the necessary line
feed to be given to the carriage and to cause the several moved parts controlled
thereby to be restored to their initial positions, and the machine to be automati-
cally stopped until such parts do reach their initial positions and to be then
automatically re-started on the succeeding line.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, what I claim is:-
1. In a typographic machine the combination of a key-board with a preliminary
representation device having movable pins and constantly moving power-operated
means for setting said pins as selected by the keys.
2. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a preliminary
representation device having movable pins, striker bars to set said pins and a
constantly moving power-operated means to engage said striker bars when selected
by the keys.
3. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a preliminary
representation device having movable pins, striker bars to be selected by the keys,
power-operated means to act on the said striker bars and selecting pins and
universal bars between the striker bars and the representation pins, substantially
as described.
4. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device having movable pins with striker bars controlled by the keys and selecting
pins and universal bars between the striker bars and representation pins,
substantially as described.
5. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a series
of striker bars and a power-operated device to act on said striker bars as selected
by the keys and means whereby said power-operated device can engage the
striker-bars only after the release of the keys by the operator.
6. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device and a key-board with a series of striker bars controlling the preliminary
representation and a power-operated device to act on said striker bars as selected
by the keys and means whereby said power-operated device can engage the striker-
bars only at a certain point in its movement.
7. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a series of
to

page_text: striker bars and a power-operated striker to act on said bars as selected by the
keys and means whereby said striker can engage the bars to move them only at
a certain point in the movement of the striker, and after the release of the keys
by the operator.
8. In a typographic machine, the combination of the key-board and a series of
striker bars having projections, with a power-operated striker to act on said
projections of the bars as selected by the keys, but only after the release of the
keys by the operator.
9. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board with a series
of striker bars and a-power-operated striker to act on said bars as selected by the
keys, after the release of the keys by the operator.
10. In a typographic machine, the combination of preliminary representation
device and a key-board with a series of striker bars controlling said preliminary
representation device, and a power-operated striker to act on said striker bars as
selected by the keys after the release of the keys by the operator.
11. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board and a series
of striker bars having projections and raised portions such as a¹, with a power-
operated striker to act on said projections and raised portions of the bars as
selected by the keys.
12. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board and spring-
actuated key rods, with a series of striker bars, each key rod having means to
engage its striker bar on the downward stroke of the key rod and to lift the bar
on its upward stroke, and a power-operated striker to act upon the lifted striker
bar.
13. In a typographic machine, the combination of a key-board and striker
bars controlled thereby, with a power-operated device to act on the striker bars,
with two sets of selecting pins universal bars between the two and levers acted on
the second set of selecting pins.
14. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device having movable pins, a key-board and striker bars controlled by the
keys, with a power-operated striker to act on said bars, two sets of selecting
pins, universal bars between the two sets of selecting pins, and levers acted on
by the second set of selecting gins to project the pins in the preliminary repre-
sentation device.
15. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel having
movable pins, with a setting frame having an escapement connection with the
composing wheel and having a row of pins to act on the pins of the composing
wheel, with a key-board and a series of bow-levers controlled from the key-board
to act on the pins of the setting frame.
16. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel and a
setting frame having an escapement connection therewith and a key-board, with
a stop device for the key-board to be brought into action when the setting frame
passes beyond a prescribed limit of movement.
17. A typographic machine, provided with line-closing means and an automatic
stop motion operated by the said line-closing means.
18. A typographic machine provided with an automatic stop-motion and a unit
registering device and means whereby the release of the unit registering device at
the close, of a line throws the stop motion into action.
19. A typographic machine provided with stopping and restarting mechanism
and a unit-registering device and means whereby the release of the unit-register-
ing device, at the close of a line, actuates the stop-motion, and on the return of
the unit-registering device, to its initial position actuates the re-starting
mechanism.
20. A typographic machine provided with automatic line-closing mechanism
and a stop-motion controlled by said automatic line-closing mechanism.
21. A typographic machine provided with a feed carriage and a stop-motion,

page_text: means for imparting line-feed to the carriage and devices whereby the stop-motion
is actuated at the line-feed.
22. A typographic machine provided with a feed carriage, stopping and re-
starting mechanism, means for imparting line-feed to the carriage and devices
whereby the stop-motion is actuated at the beginning of the line-feed and the
re-starting mechanism is actuated at the close of the line-feed.
23. A typographic machine provided with a main shaft, an automatic stop
motion therefor and a release shaft adapted to return the parts of their initial
positions and to actuate the said stop-motion.
24. A typographic machine having a representation device, a feed motion
therefor, a unit register and means whereby the release of the unit register to
return to its initial position at the close of a line stops the feed of the representa-
tion device.
25. A typographic machine provided with a composing wheel and feed motion
therefor, a unit register and means whereby the release of the unit register to
return to its initial position at the close of a line automatically stops the said
wheel feed, and on the return of the unit register, re-starts the said wheel feed,
substantially as described.
26. In a typographic machine the combination of the main shaft carrying
actuating cams, with a driving wheel and intermediate clutch mechanism and
line-closing devices controlling said clutch mechanism.
27. In a typographic machine the combination of a main shaft carrying actuat-
ing cams with a driving wheel, intermediate clutch mechanism and a unit-register
controlling said clutch mechanism.
28. In a typographic machine, the combination of the main shaft carrying
actuating cams, with a driving wheel, intermediate clutch mechanism on said
shaft, a release shaft adapted to return the moving parts of the machine to
their initial positions and controlling said clutch, as and for the purpose set
forth.
29. A typographic machine having a main shaft and a clutch mechanism on
said shaft provided with means whereby it is thrown into and out of action at a
fixed point in the revolution, as and for the purpose set forth.
30. In a typographic machine having a representation device the combination
of a unit register and a word-space register with an automatic stop-motion
controlled by the unit register to stop the feed of the representation device
during the return of the unit and word space registers to their initial positions.
31. A typographic machine provided with a representation device having
movable pins and a correcting key to return wrongly-set pins.
32. A typographic machine provided with a representation device and a unit
register operated from said representation device.
33. A typographic machine provided with a composing wheel having repre-
sentation pins with a unit register operated by units-pins on said wheel.
34. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel having
representation pins, units performing levers to be actuated by said pins, means for
moving said levers into and out of the path of the pins and a unit register
controlled by said levers.
35. A typographic machine provided with a unit register, feeding devices
therefor and means to positively lock the register at the end of each feed movement
to prevent overthrow.
36. A typographic machine provided with a registering ratchet wheel, a feed
pawl therefor and means for locking the pawl into the teeth of the ratchet at the
close of each feed movement to prevent overthrow of the register.
37. A typographic machine provided with a registering ratchet wheel, a feed
pawl therefor, a projection on the pawl and a fixed stop to force the nose of the
pawl into the ratchet teeth at the end of the feeding stroke.
38. A typographic macbine provided with a registering ratchet wheel and a

page_text: feed pawl therefor, with a projection on the wheel and a projection on the pawl to
engage with each other to cause the register to start froin a norinal position.
39. In a typographic machine the combination of a composing wheel' having
movable pins with a unit registering device, a feed pawl for the latter, a series
of units performing levers controlled by said pins, an arm adapted to be moved
to different extents by the different performing levers and controlling the said
pawl and a cam to give feed movement to the pawl.
40. A typographic machine provided with justifying mechanism a representa-
tion device and a unit register in two parts, one of which can return to its initial
position for registry of a new line, while the other holds the registry of the first
line and means for maintaining the unit registration in the justifying mechanism.
41. In a typographic machine, the combination of an automatic justifying
mechanism, with a unit registering device in two parts to control the said
justifying mechanism and adapted to receive and maintain the units registra-
tion of more than one line at a time and means for maintaining the unit regis-
tration in the justifying mechanism.
42. In a typographic machine, the combination of a representation device and
automatic justifying devices with a unit register in two parts controlling said
justifying devices and additional means for maintaining the unit registration in
the justifying devices.
43. A typographic machine provided with a unit register in two parts with
means for holding the second part to maintain the registration and devices on
the first part to release the second part near the closing limits of the line.
44. In a typographic machine, the combination of a units register and means
for releasing the same at the closing of a line to return to its initial position,
with a catch to temporarily hold said line-closing means and a device on the
units register to release said catch.
45. A typographic machine provided with a representation device and a word-
space register operated from said representation device.
46. A typographic machine having a composing wheel with movable pins and
a word-space register controlled from said pins.
47. In a typographic machine, the combination of a word-space register with
a composing wheel having word-space representation pins with a performing
lever to be operated thereby and adapted to act on said word-space register.
48. A typographical machine provided with justifying mechanism and a
word-space register in two parts, one to hold the registration while the other
returns to its initial position for the registry of the word-spaces in the next line,
and means for maintaining the registration in the justifying mechanism.
49. A typographic machine having a word-space register comprising a ratchet
wheel and a word-space rack, the latter being in two parts, the first of the two
parts being fed by the ratchet wheel.
50. In a typographic machine, the combination of justifying mechanism,
with a word-space register in two parts, one of which holds the registry to control
the justifying mechanism, while the other returns to its initial position to register
the word-spaces in a new line, and means for maintaining the registration in
the justifying mechanism.
51. In a typographic machine, the combination of automatic justifying
mechanism with a word-space register in two parts and means to maintain the
word-space registration in the justifying devices after the said register has been
released for the registry of a new line.
52. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device and automatic justifying mechanism with a word-space register in two
parts and means to maintain the word-space registration in a justifying device
after the said register has been released for the registry of a new line.
53. In a typographic machine, the combination of justifying mechanism with
a word-space register in parts adapted to receive and simultaneously hold the
word-space record of more than one line, means for releasing the primary

page_text: registry for the registration of a succeeding line, means for maintaining the
registration in the justifying mechanism, and means for subsequently releasing
the secondary registers, substantially as described.
54. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier, slides having
plungers and controlling the type-carrier and operating cams for the slides, with
selecting strikers each having two prongs spaced so that when one prong is
opposite a plunger the other will be between the plungers, as and for the pur-
pose set forth.
55. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier and aligning
devices therefor, with slides controlling the type-carrier, and having plungers,
a cam grooved-cylinder to operate the slides, each groove having a locating and
an aligning section preceding the impression section.
56. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type carrier, of align-
ing devices with slides controlling the type-carrier and having plungers, a
cammed grooved cylinder to operate the slides, each groove having a locating
and an aligning section followed by an impression section and a section for free-
ing the alignment.
57. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier and align
ing devices with slides controlling the movements of the type-carrier, and
spring connections between the type-carrier and slides adapted to yield in both
directions.
58. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type shell having an align-
ing flange provided with stops facing in opposite directions and an aligning plate
having a flange with like stops to operate with the flange on the type-carrier,
slides to move the type-carrier in different directions and yielding connections
between the type-carrier and slides, as and for the purpose described.
59. In a typographic machine, the combination of a vibrating casing and a
type-carrier therein with rods to operate the type-carrier in different directions
and passing through the trunnions of the vibrating casing.
60. In a typographic machine, the combination of the feed carriage and means
for imparting to it normal feed with justifying mechanism controlling the
carriage in one direction, and a spring controlling it in the other.
61. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage, a feed screw
shaft therefor and feed mechanism for rotating the said shaft, with a spring
controlling the end movement of the shaft in one direction, and justifying devices
controlling it in the other direction.
62. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and a pawl
and ratchet feeding device, with a cam controlling the latter, a stepped stop
device controlling the action of the cam, with a preliminary representation device
controlling said stop device.
63. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a segmental lever and word-space devices controlling
the movement of said segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjustable con-
nection with the said segmental lever and controlling said feed mechanism.
64. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a unit register, a segmental lever, word-space devices
controlling the movement of said segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjust-
able connection with the said segmental lever and controlling the feed
mechanism, and devices whereby the unit register determines the point of con-
nection of the radius rod and the segmental lever.
65. In a typographic machine, the combination of preliminary representation
mechanism, a feed carriage and feed mechanism therefor, with a segmental lever,
a radius rod having an adjustable connection with said segmental lever and con-
trolling the feed mechanism and devices whereby the unit representation controls
the point of connection of the radius rod with the segmental lever.
6. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a segmental lever, a radius arm having an adjustable

page_text: connection with the said segmental lever and controlling said feed mechanism,
word-space devices controlling the movement of the segmental lever and devices
for automatically determining the point of connection of the radius rod with the
segmental lever according to the units error of the line being composed.
67. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with a pair of segmental levers, radius rods having adjust.
able connections with said segmental levers, one radius rod controlling the feed
mechanism and with word-space devices controlling the movement of the other
radius rod, and means for automatically determining the points of connection
of the radius rods with their respective segmental levers according to the units
error and word-spaces in the line.
GS. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and feed
mechanism therefor, with units and word-space registers, a pair of segmental
levers, a pair of radius rods having adjustable connection with said segmental
levers, one radius rod controlling the feed mechanism, word-space devices con-
trolling the movement of the other radius rod and means whereby the unit and
word space registers determine the points of connection of the radius rods with
their respective segmental levers.
69. In a typographic machine the combination of a preliminary representa-
tion, a feed carriage and feed mechanism therefor, with a unit register and a
segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjustable connection with said seg-
mental lever and controlling the feed mechanism, devices whereby the unit
register determines the point of connection of the radius rod with the segmental
lever and word-space devices to impart movement to the latter.
70. In a typographic machine, the combination of a composing wheel having
movable pins to represent word-spaces, a feed carriage and feed mechanism
therefor, with a segmental lever, a radius rod having an adjustable connection
with the said segmental lever determined by the units of the line and controlling
the feed mechanism, pawl and ratchet feed devices controlling the movement of
the said segmental lever and controlled by the word-space pins.
71. In a typographic machine, the combination of a feed carriage and justify-
ing lever controlling the feed of said carriage, word space devices controlling
the movement of said levers to act upon the carriage and a safety device to stop
the movement of said levers at their justifying limit.
72. In a typographic machine, the combination of a main frame having a
hinged door, with a composing wheel and key-board mechanism mounted upon
said hinged door.
73. A typographic machine having a preliminary representation means, in
combination with automatic line-closing devices and registering means, oth
operated from said preliminary representation means.
74. A typographic machine provided with a unit register and a preliminary
representation means representing the word spaces, in combination with means
for returning the register to its initial position by the action of said word-space
representation within the closing limits of a line.
75. A typographic machine provided with registers for the units and for the
word spaces and a preliminary representation means, in combination with devices
for returning the registers to their initial positions by the action of a word space
representation within the closing limits of a line.
76. A typographic machine having automatic justifying devices and a pre-
liminary representation means in combination with automatic line-closing devices
and registering means, both operated from said representation means.
77. A typographic machine having a representation device and unit and word
space registers, with automatic line-closing devices controlled by said representa-
tion device and registers.
78. A typographic machine having a representation device and unit and word-
space registers, line-closing devices and means controlled by said registers whereby

page_text: said line-closing devices are automatically brought under the control of a repre-
sented word space near the closing limits of a line.
79. A typographic machine, having a representation device to represent the
word-spaces and also the end of the line, in combination with means whereby the
word-space representation within the closing limits of a line sets the line-repre-
sentation.
80. A typographic machine having a composing device with word-space pins
and line pins in combination with means whereby a word-space pin automatically
sets a line pin within the closing limits of a line.
S1. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device, and a unit register with a lever having a movable part controlled from the
unit register within the closing limits of a line to bring the said movable part into
the path of the word-space representation to release the register for return.
82. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representation
device and a unit register, a lever having a movable part controlled from the unit
register within the closing limits of a line to bring said movable part into the
path of the word-space representation to release the register for return and means
for maintaining the movable part in its set position until the register reaches its
re-starting position.
83. A typographic machine provided with a unit register and means for pre-
venting its rebound at the end of its return movement.
S4. In a typographic machine, the combination of a pair of segmental levers and
radius rods having adjustable connections therewith, one of said radius rods con-
trolling the justifying feed with word-space devices controlling the other radius
rod, and means for automatically raising the radius rods in the segmental levers
at the end of the line.
85. In a typographic machine, the combination of unit and word-space registers
and a pair of segmental levers and radius rods, adjustably connected to the said
levers, and one of said radius rods controlling the justifying feed, with word-
space devices controlling the other radius rod, means for automatically raising the
radius rods in the segmental levers at the line of the line and for permitting them
to come to rest upon the unit and word-space register devices which have been
meantime set for a new line.
SG. A typographic machine provided with automatic justifying mechanism and
means for preventing the operation of said justifying mechanism on short lines.
87. A typographic machine having a cylindrical type-carrier provided with
type on part of its circumference in combination with a support to bear against
the other and opposite part of its circumeference substantially as described.
SS. In a typographic machine the combination of a feed carriage, and feed
mechanism therefor, with a representation device and means controlled by the
representation device for automatically returning the carriage at the end of the
line.
89. In a typographic machine the combination of a representation device with
means controlled from the representation device for automatically returning the
carriage and giving the line feed.
90. In a typographic machine, the combination of a representation device and
automatic justifying mechanism, with means for automatically setting the repre-
sentation of the end of the line and means for releasing the justifying mechanism
by said line representation for the justification of a succeeding line.
91. A typographic machine provided with means for automatically closing the
line at a word-space.
92. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in combina-
tion with means for automatically closing the line.
93. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in combina-
tion with means for feeding the carriage and means for automatically returning
the carriage.

page_text: 94. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in com-
bination with means for automatically feeding the carriage and means for auto-
matically returning the carriage and operating the line feed.
95. A typographic machine provided with a unit register in combination with
justification mechanism and means for automatically closing the line.
96. A typographic machine provided with a representation device, in com-
bination with justification mechanism and a unit register and means for auto-
matically closing the line.
97. A typographic machine provided with a word-space indicating device and a
unit register, in combination with line-closing mechanism and means whereby the
said word-space device, within the closing limits of the line, automatically con-
trols said line-closing mechanism.
98. A typographic machine provided with a word-space indicating device and
a unit register and a representation device, in combination with line-closing
mechanism and means whereby the said word-space device, within the closing
limits of the line, automatically controls the said line-closing mechanism.
99. A typographic machine provided with automatic justifying mechanism, in
combination with line-closing mechanism, and a device acting to indicate the
word spaces and adapted to act upon the mechanism to close the line, substantially
as described.
100. A typographic machine provided with a unit register and a word space
indicating device in combination with means for returning the register to its
initial position by the action of said word-space device within the closing limits of
a line.
101. A typographic machine provided with registers for the units and word
spaces and a word-space indicating device in combination with means for return-
ing the registers to their initial positions by the action of the word-space device
within the closing limits of a line.
102. A machine for typographic purposes, provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, and devices for measuring or registering the units in the line,
in combination with mechanism, controlled thereby, to automatically justify the
line.
103. A machine for typographic purposes provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, unit-registering devices and word-space registering devices,
in combination with means, controlled thereby, to automatically justify the line
in the word-space.
104. A machine for typographic purposes, provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, devices for making a preliminary representation and means
for registering the units in the line, in combination with mechanism controlled
by the unit register, to automatically justify the line.
105. A machine for typographic purposes, provided with means for automatic-
ally closing the line, means for making a preliminary representation and devices
for registering the units and the word-spaces, in combination with means con-
trolled by the unit-registers to automatically justify the line in the word-spaces.
106. The combination with a matrix-feeding device, of means for automatically
closing the line in combination with unit registering devices and means controlled
from the said registering devices to vary the space feed between words so as to
justify the line.
107. The combination with a matrix feeding device, of means for automatically
closing the line, in combination with unit-registering and word-space registering
devices, and means controlled from said registering devices to vary the space
feed between words so as to justify the line.
108. A typographic machine provided with mechanism for automatically closing
the line, and mechanism for justifying a composed line of matter, in combination
with devices for representing each normal word-space at the time of composition,
and with means controlled by said representation, to automatically vary the width

page_text: of said air-spaces after composition, whereby the final result is a justified line of
matter.
109. A typographic machine provided with a keyboard, unit registering and
word-space registering devices controlled from the keyboard, and means for auto-
matically closing the line, in combination with feed mechanism, and means con-
trolled from said registering devices to automatically vary the space feed between
words, so as to justify the line.
110. The combination in a matrix-forming machine, of the keyboard, the
character representing mechanism, the space-representing mechanism, unit com-
position register for registering the number of units in the represented line, and
means for automatically closing the line, with impressing and feeding mechanism
acted upon by the representing mechanism, substantially as described.
111. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cam having a central-
izing groove and cam grooves with a type-carrier and a controlling slide having
plungers any one of which is adapted to be projected into a corresponding groove
in the cam cylinder, each of the said cam grooves being so formed as to move the
slide and carrier the distance required by the selected pin for said groove and to
return the carrier to its normal position.
112. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cam having cam
grooves with a type-carrier, and a slide controlling the type-carrier, the said slide
having plungers adapted to be projected into the cam-grooves and an incline on
the cam for automatically returning the projected plunger on the completion of
the revolution of the cam.
113. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cam having a
centralizing groove and cam grooves with two slides each having plungers capable
of being projected into corresponding grooves, a type-carrier connected to both
slides and an incline on the cam for automatically returning the projected
plungers on the completion of the revolution of said cam.
114. In a typographic machine, the combination of a rotary cam having cam
grooves with slides having plungers capable of being projected into correspond-
ing grooves, a type-carrier controlled by the slides, means for automatically
returning the projected plungers from their corresponding grooves on the com-
pletion of the revolution of said cam, and means upon said rotating cam for hold-
ing the slides in their normal positions after the projected plungers have been
returned from the grooves and until other plungers have been projected.
115. The combination of a rotary cam having cam grooves with slides carrying
plungers adapted to be projected into and returned from said groove, and means
for normally holding said slides during the time of returning said projected
plungers and of projecting other plungers.
116. The combination of a rotary cam having a centralizing groove and cam
grooves, with a slide carrying plungers adapted to be projected into and returned
from their corresponding grooves, and means for normally projecting the central-
izing plungers into the centralizing groove when no cam groove is selected.
117. In a typographic machine, the combination of a cam having cam grooves,
with a type-carrier and a slide controlling the type-carrier, the said slide having
plungers, a striker adapted to be moved across in front of different plungers and
means for vibrating the strikers to project the plungers into the cam grooves.
118. In a typographic machine, the combination of a cam having cam grooves
with a type-carrier, a slide controlling the type-carrier, the said slide having
plungers and a pair of strikers adapted to be moved from their normal central
positions in front of different plungers to project the latter into the grooves of the
cam.
119. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier. two slides
controlling the movement of the type-carrier in two different directions, with a
cam having cam grooves, plungers in the slides and two pairs of strikers adapted
to be moved from their normal central positions opposite different plungers and
means for actuating the strikers to project the plungers,

page_text: 120. In a typographic machine, the combination of a type-carrier and slides
controlling the movement of the type-carrier, with a cam having cam grooves,
plungers in the slides, strikers adapted to be moved opposite the different plungers,
means for actuating the strikers to project the plungers and a key-board con-
trolling the positions of the strikers opposite the different plungers.
121. In a typographic machine, the combination of a preliminary representa-
tion device, a type-carrier, slides controlling the positions of the carrier and
plungers in the slides with a cam having cam grooves, strikers adapted to be
brought opposite. different plungers under the dictation of the representation
device, and means for actuating the strikers to project the plungers.
Dated this 28th day of February 1899.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.