Improvements in or relating to Clutches and Brakes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 29th July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1899
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Clutches and Brakes.
HENRY PATTMAN TRUEMAN, of 51, Havelock Road, Handsworth, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
-
My invention relates to clutch and brake mechanism specially designed for
use in connection with cycles, but which would be applicable to any other
mechanism requiring to drive or grip in one direction, and to release when
moved in the opposite direction. I am aware that many devices have been
constructed and patented having friction or positive drives in one direction
only, and I make no claim to such well known devices.
The object of this present invention is to provide a clutch drive or clutch brake
which can be applied to an existing cycle, with little or no alteration of parts,
this invention providing a self-contained device which can be applied to an
existing machine by ordinary persons without the aid of a skilled mechanic.
One characteristic feature of this invention is the employment of slightly
elastic material such as felt, cork or similar substances, which are arranged to
fill up the cavities in which the friction or positive drive devices are placed.
These said elastic substances serve to retain the driving apparatus in position,
and also to exclude the dust, and to retain lubricating material.
Another feature of this invention is the arrangement of the driving clutches
and the brake clutches side by side, together with a plate engaging with the
frame work of the machine, which forms the fulcrum on which the brake shoes
or straps operate.
I will first describe a driving clutch constructed according to this invention.
Upon the shaft to be driven, is fixed (preferably by a screw thread) an enlarged
boss pockets are formed in this said boss. Into the pockets, rollers, pawls
or toggles are inserted. Elastic substance such as felt is then packed around
the rollers, pawls or toggles in such a manner that the said rollers, pawls or
toggles are pressed into driving contact. Around the enlarged boss having pockets
as described, is fitted a ring adapted to engage with the said rollers pawls or
toggles when moved in one direction, or to release or slip past the said rollers,
pawls or toggles when moved in an opposite direction. The pockets are closed
by a flange or plate on each side of the enlarged boss. One of the said flanges
is or may be arranged as a lock ring or nut, to hold the enlarged boss into
position. The aforesaid ring which engages with the rollers pawls or toggles is
or may be furnished with teeth upon its outside circumference.
I will now describe the brake constructed according to this invention. The
toothed ring is provided with a flange which overhangs the aforesaid locking ring.
The aforesaid locking ring is constructed with a projecting boss. Upon the axis
of the shaft is threaded a plate or cover which closes in the annular groove formed
by the boss and the inside of the toothed ring this said plate or cover is
prevented from revolving by being engaged with the frame work of the machine.
Upon this said plate is fixed a brake strap or series of brake shoes which lay
loosely upon or around the aforesaid boss. In the larger circumference of the
brake strap or shoes is formed a suitable pocket or pockets fitted with rollers
pawls or toggles preferably supported by the felt or other elastic packing afore
described. When now the toothed annulus is reversed the devices on the fixed

page_text: plate are forced into contact with the boss on the locking plate, and the rotation
of the shaft is thereby retarded or arrested.
Dated this 28th day of July 1899.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Clutches and Brakes.
HENRY PATTMAN TRUEMAN, of 51, Havelock Road, Handsworth, near Birming-
ham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to clutch and brake mechanism specially designed for
use in connection with cycles, but which would be applicable to any other
mechanism requiring to drive or grip in one direction, and to release when
moved in the opposite direction. I am aware that many devices have been
constructed and patented having friction or positive drives in one direction
only, and I make no claim to such well known devices.
The object of this present invention is to provide a clutch drive or clutch brake
which can be applied to an existing cycle, with little or no alteration of parts,
this invention providing a self-contained device which can be applied to an
existing machine by ordinary persons without the aid of a skilled mechanic.
One characteristic feature of this invention is the employment of slightly
clastic material such as felt, cork or similar substances, which are arranged to
fill up the cavities in which the friction or positive drive devices are placed.
These said elastic substances serve to retain the driving apparatus in position,
and also to exclude the dust and to retain the lubricating material.
Another feature of this invention is the arrangement of the driving clutches
and the brake clutches side by side, together with a plate engaging with the
frame work of the machine, which forms the fulcrum on which the brake shoes
or straps operate.
I will first describe a driving clutch constructed according to this invention.
Upon the shaft to be driven is fixed (preferably by a screw thread) an enlarged
boss; pockets are formed in this said boss. Into the pockets, rollers, pawls
or toggles are inserted. Elastic substance such as felt is then packed around
the rollers, pawls or toggles in such a manner that the said rollers, pawls or
toggles are pressed into driving contact. Around the enlarged boss having pockets
as described, is fitted a ring adapted to engage with the said rollers pawls or
toggles when moved in one direction, or to release or slip past the said rollers
pawls or toggles when moved in an opposite direction. The pockets are closed
by a flange or plate on each side of the enlarged boss. One of the said flanges
is or may be arranged as a lock ring or nut, to hold the enlarged boss in
position. The aforesaid ring which engages with the rollers pawls or toggles is
or may be furnished with teeth on its outside circumference."
I will now describe the brake constructed according to this invention. The
toothed ring is provided with a flange which overhangs the aforesaid locking ring.
The aforesaid locking ring is constructed with a projecting boss. Upon the axis
of the shaft is threaded a plate or cover which closes in the annular groove formed
by the boss and the inside of the toothed ring. This said plate or cover is
prevented from revolving by being engaged with the frame work of the machine.
Upon this said plate is fixed a brake strap or series of brake shoes which lay
loosely upon or around the aforesaid boss. In the larger circumference of the
brake strap or shoes is formed a suitable pocket or pockets fitted with rollers
pawls or toggles preferably supported by the felt or other elastic packing afore
described. When now the toothed annulus is reversed the devices on the fixed

page_text: plate are forced into contact with the boss on the locking plate, and the rotation
of the shaft is thereby retarded or arrested.
In the accompanying drawings, similar letters refer to similar parts.
Fig. 1 is an end elevation partly in section of Fig. 2 on the line A, B.
Fig. 2 shows a side elevation of a driving clutch constructed according to this
invention. The side plate 19 is removed to exhibit the interior arrangement.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation partly in section of a drive clutch and brake com-
bined, the outer plate 23, being here shown in position.
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the brake clutch shown in Fig. 3. The outer
plate 23 is removed to exhibit interior arrangements.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a drive clutch having pawls or toggles instead of
rollers.
Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a drive clutch having a plain brake strap.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a brake clutch having several brake shoes.
Fig. 8 is a side elevation of a brake clutch having elastic material inserted on
the inner circumference of the brake strap 26°.
Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a drive clutch showing modified methods of
applying elastic material.
Fig. 10 shows a side elevation of the brake and clutch attached to a cycle.
Fig. 1 shows an end elevation of the brake and clutch applied to a cycle.
In Fig. 1, 18 and 19 are two flanges or plates which serve to form a guide
channel for retaining the ring 17 in position. These plates are or may be held
in position by screws 20.
In Fig. 2, 12 indicates a shaft or cycle hub to be driven in the direction of the
arrow. 13 is the enlarged boss which is screwed upon the shaft by means of a
right hand screw thread. In the outer edge of the boss 13 are formed pockets 14.
Hard rollers 15 are placed in each pocket. Elastic material 16 is placed behind
cach roller so as to press the rollers toward the narrow end of each pocket 14.
The ring 17 is bored out to fit easily upon the enlarged boss 13. The ring 17 is
shown with teeth upon its outer circumference, adapted to engage with the
driving chain of a cycle.
The device herein described and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 constitute a
driving clutch in which the operating rollers are held in position by the elastic
material 16. When the outer ring 17 is moved in the direction of the arrow,
the rollers tend to run toward the narrow end of the pocket 14 as is well under-
stood, but when the rotation of the ring 17 is reversed, the rollers tend to press
against the elastic material and toward the wide end of the pocket 14 and so
release the pressure of the rollers on the ring. The elastic material not only
holds the rollers in position but excludes dirt and retains lubricating material.
In Figs. 3 and 4, 17 is the toothed ring which when made for use in combina-
tion with a brake, is provided with a flange 21. The plate 19 of Fig. 1 is in this
case furnished with an extended boss locking ring 22 having left hand screw
threads connecting it to the hub or driven shaft 12.
A plate or cover 23 is fixed in front of the flange 21 and lock ring 22. This
plate 23 is prevented from rotation by a projection such as 24, which engages with
a fixed frame such as the cycle frame shown in Fig. 10. In the annular space
formed between the lock ring 22 and the flanges 21 of the toothed ring 17, is
fixed a brake strap 26, having pockets and rollers similar to those described in
Figs. 1 and 2, but in this case the pockets have their narrow ends pointing in the
reverse direction to the driving clutch.
The brake strap 26 is divided by a notch being cut in the same, so that the
strap 26 may be closed in upon and around the boss of the lock ring 22. The
brake strap is engaged with the fixed plate or cover 23 by means of a projection
such as 25 so that it is incapable of revolving when pressure is applied.
It will now be seen that when the toothed ring 17 is moved in the reverse
direction to the drive, the brake strap will be closed upon the locking ring 22,
and the rotation of the hub or shaft 12 will be retarded or arrested. The

page_text: projection 24 is or may be constructed hollow, so as to contain lubricant which is
or may be conveyed through a hole in 25 to the brake strap 26 and lock ring
boss 22.
Fig. 5 shows alternative methods adapted to drive in one direction only. 27
shows a plain toggle. 28 shows a toothed toggle and 29 shows a pawl and tooth
device all being pressed into engagement by means of elastic substance 14 as afore
described.
Fig. 6 shows a plain brake strap 26ª, being a modification of 26. This brake
strap is fixed by the pin or rivet shewn near 26" to the plate 23. At the other
end of the strap is a pawl which engages with teeth formed in the inside of the
Hange 21. The pawl hinge rests in a pocket as shewn.
Fig. 7 shows several brake shoes 26 arranged around the boss 22 being another
modification of 26.
Fig. 8 shows a brake strap 26 having elastic material 14 inserted in its
inner circumference, being also a modification of 26.
Fig. 9 shows alternative methods of inserting elastic material behind rollers 15.
30 shows a series of elastic rollers filling up the pocket behind the hard or
driving rollers 15. 31 shows a block of elastic material 16 resting on the bed of a
pocket furnished with saw teeth, arranged to allow the elastic material 16 to follow
the roller, but to be arrested by the said saw teeth when pressed in an opposite
direction. The plate 18 may have slot holes for the passage of the screws 20,
thus enabling it to be partially revolved. Pegs on its inner face pass behind the
elastic material 16 for the purpose of adjusting the position of the packing to the
rollers 15.
Having now particularly described and ascertaining the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is―
1. A roller friction drive clutch, adapted to drive in one direction only, having
the rollers held in position by elastic substance, as and for the purpose described
and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 9 in the drawings.
2. A drive clutch adapted to drive in one direction only, having toggles, or
pawls and notches the said toggles or pawls being held in driving contact by
elastic substances, as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
3. In drive clutches or brakes, the employment and use of elastic substances
adapted to hold the actuating devices in position to lubricate the same and to
prevent dust and dirt entering the spaces in which the said actuating devices are
placed as illustrated herein and indicated by the numerals 16.
4. In a clutch and brake combined, the use of a flange such as 21 on an outer
driving ring such as 17, adapted to close a brake strap such as 26__ 26ª, 26³ or
26º upon or around a boss 22 or its equivalent fixed upon the driven shaft or
hub 12, as and for the purpose described and illustrated.
5. In a clutch and brake combined, the combination of the flange 21, the
brake straps or their equivalents such as 26, 26, 26 and 26° together with the
fixed plate or cover 23, having projections 24 and 25 all arranged and operating
as and for the purpose herein described and illustrated.
6. In drive clutches and brakes combined, adapted for use on existing cycles,
the combination and arrangement of the various devices or any mere modification
thereof, as and for the purpose herein described and illustrated.
Dated this 13th day of September 1899.
HENRY PATTMAN TRUEMAN.