IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FELLOES AND TYRES OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Perks, of Perry Barr, in the County of Stafford,
Gentleman, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FELLOES AND
TYRES OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Georgo Perks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th January 1882.
GEORGE PERKS of Perry Barr in the County of Stafford Gentleman. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE FELLOES AND TYRES OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS."
My Invention has reference principally to the felloes and tyres of the wheels of
wheel carriages but is also applicable to wheels generally.
As the
I will describe my invention in connection with a carriage wheel.
improvement in the felloe depends upon the improvements in the tyre I will describe
the tyre first and afterwards describe the improvement in the felloe necessary to
adapt it to the improved tyre.
In making a tyre according to iny invention I roll bar iron or steel of a breadth
and thickness suitable for the tyre to be made. On that face of the bar which in
the finished tyre constitutes the inner face I form by the rolling or planing process
a projecting rib the said rib running along the whole length of the bar and at the
middle of the face on which it is formed. The outer face of the bar may be curved
in cross section or the outer face and sides of the bar may be flat or plain. In the
latter case I prefer to make the outer face of the bar somewhat broader than the
inner face. This making of the working face of the tyre broader than the inner
face protects the wheel from tramways and from injury by kerb stones.
Bars of the kind described are cut into suitable lengths and the length being
bent into the form of a circle the ends are welded together and a tyre in one piece
is thus formed.
The felloes of the wheel are made in portions in the usual way but in the convex
side of each portion of the felloo a groove is made of a size and shape suitable for
the reception of the rib on the inner face of the tyre. When the felloe and tyre
are connected together the rib on the inner face of the tyre occupies the groove in
the periphery of the felloe. The tyre being without holes rivets or junction is very
strong and not liable to expansion or fracture by strains which would injure or
break tyres of the ordinary construction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Perks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July
1882.
GEORGE PERKS of Perry Barr in the County of Stafford Gentleman. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE FELLOES AND TYRES OF CARRIAGE AND OTHER WHEELS."
My invention has reference principally to the felloes and tyres of the wheels of
wheel carriages but is also applicable to wheels generally.
I will describe my invention in connection with a carriage wheel. As the
improvement in the felloe depends upon the improvements in the tyre I will
describe the tyre first and afterwards describe the improvement in the felloe
necessary to adapt it to the improved tyre.
In making a tyre according to my invention I roll bar iron or steel of a breadth
and thickness-suitable for the tyre to be made. On that face of the bar which in
the finished tyre constitutes the inner face, I form by the rolling or planing process
--a projecting rib the said rib running along-the-whole length of the bar and at the
middle of the face on which it is formed. The outer face of the bar may be curved
in cross section, or the outer face and sides of the bar may be flat or plain. In the
latter case I prefer to make the outer face of the bar somewhat broader than the
inner face. This making of the working face of the tyre broader than the inner
face protects the wheel from tramways and from injury by kerb stones.
Bars of the kind described are cut into suitable-lengths and-the-length-being-
bent into the form of a circle, the ends are welded together and a tyre in one piece
is thus formed.
The felloes of the wheel are made in portions in the usual way but in the convex
side of each portion of the felloe a groove is made of a size and shape suitable for
the reception of the rib on the inner face of the tyre. When the felloe and tyre
are connected together the rib on the inner face of the tyre occupies the groove in
the periphery of the felloe. The tyre being without holes, rivets or junction is
very strong and not liable to expansion or fracture by strains which would injure
or break tyres of the ordinary construction.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
1
Figure represents in side elevation; Figure 2 in plan of underside and Figure 3
in cross section, the rolled bar of iron or steel from which I prefer to manufacture
my improved wheel tyre; Figure 4 represents in edge view; Figure 5 in side
elevation and Figure 6 in section a wheel tyre made from the rolled bar of iron or
steel Figures 1.2 and 3; Figure 7 represents in side elevation and plan of under-
side and Figure 8 in cross section a portion of a wheel tyre drawn of the full size;
Figure 9 represents a cross section of the tyre connected to the felloes of the wheel;
Figure 10 represents a portion of a tyre in which the outer face is made convex
instead of flat and Figure 11 represents in cross section the convex faced tyre
applied to the felloes; Figures 12 and 13 represent cross sections of wheel tyres
constructed according to my invention in which their sides are bevilled either
outwards or inwards for protecting the wheel from tramways or from injury by
kerb stones; Figure 14 represents in side elevation partly in section, a complete
carriage wheel, the felloes and tyre of which are constructed according to my
invention: Figure 15 represents in plan the wheel without the tyre.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawings.
In making a wheel tyre according to my invention I form on that face of the
rolled bar a which in the finished tyre constitutes the inuer face and at the middle
of the said face a projecting rib b running along the whole length of the bar. The

page_text: rolled bar a, b having been cut into suitable lengths the said lengths are bent into
tyres by means of an ordinary tyre bending machine the ends of each tyre being
welded together. Wheel tyres of the kind represented in Figures 4, 5 and 6 aro
thereby produced the inner or concavo face of the tyre having a projecting rib b
running along its middle. .
The rolling of the bars a. b from which the tyres are made is effected by means
of rolls of the ordinary kind and the process of rolling is conducted in the ordinary
way.
Although I prefer to make the ribbed bars from which the tyres are made by
rolling as described, yet the rib may be made on plain bars by a planing process.
In the convex side of the felloes c of the carriage wheel a groove d is made of a
size and shape suitable for the reception of the rib b on the inner face of the tyre.
The felloes of the wheel having been connected together by dowels or keys in the
ordinary way, the groove d is made in their peripheries by means of a grooving tool
of the kind called a "router or spoke shave but the grooving of the felloes may
be effected in any convenient way.
"
The tyre and felloes of the carriage wheel having been made in the manner
described, the tyre is heated to a red heat and shrunk upon the grooved felloes.
By the shrinking or contracting of the tyre upon the felloes the tyre a, b and
felloes c are bound together, the ribbon the inner or concave face of the tyro
occupying the groove d in the peripheries of the felloes c as seen in the sections
Figures 9 and 11 and in the side elevation Figuro 14. The tyre is thereby con-
nected to the felloes without rivets or bolts and the tyre being thus without holes
rivets or junction is very strong and not liable to expansion or fracture by strains
as herein before pointed out.
Although I have only described my invention in connection with a carriage
wheel, yet my said invention may be applied to other wheels; for example the
wheels of agricultural implements and to such other wheels as have metallic tyres,
or wheels to which it may be thought desirable to apply metallic tyres.
Having now described the nature of my invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the precise details herein described and illustrated as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my invention.
But I claim as my Invention-The improvements in the felloes and tyres of
carriago and other wheels herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings; that is to say, making the felloes of the said wheels with a
groove in their convex faces and making on the inner or concave face of the tyre a
projecting rib of a size and shape suitable to fit in the said groove in the felloes;
the fixing of the ribbed tyre to the grooved felloes without rivets or bolts being
effected by shrinking the tyre upon the felloes and thereby causing the rib on the
inner face of the tyre to occupy the groove in the felloes substantially as described
and illustrated.
In witness whereof I the said George Perks have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Thirteenth day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand
Witness
ROBERT JOLLY. M.D.
47 New Hall Street
Birmingham.
GEORGE PERKS. (L.S.)