IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING BREWERS', DISTILLERS', AND OTHER WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Steel, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, in Scotland, Engineer, and Henry Wilson, of Stockton-on-
Tees, in the County of Durham, Brassfounder, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING BREWERS', DISTILLERS', AND
OTHER WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS."
Sealed the 7th October 1871, and dated the 13th April 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Steel and Henry
Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th April 1871.
We, JAMES STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, in Scotland,
Engineer, and HENRY WILSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
Durham, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING BREWERS', DISTILLERS', AND OTHER
WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:―
Our Invention consists of improvements in the construction of
refrigerators for brewers, distillers, and others, and are designed to
simplify the working of these utensils and to provide for the contraction

page_text: and expansion to which they are subjected, and to render repair or
cleaning easy of accomplishment, these requirements not being sufficiently
provided for in any existing refrigerator.
1
In our Invention we adopt the following arrangements, namely:-We
use a box cast of brass or other suitable material, also tubes of round,
flat, or other shape securely attached at one end to this box, the other
end also being secured to and opening into a box. In the first-mentioned
box is cast one or more divisions, the object being to cause the water to
flow so that the water entering at first box passes along the first two or
more tubes until it reaches the other box. It is then turned so that on
reaching the lower part of the first-mentioned box it crosses and passes
along the next two or more tubes, returning by the last two and passing
into the next box, and so on to the end of the apparatus. The boxes
containing the tubes are jointed to each other by two bolts running the
whole length of the apparatus and resting in slots at each end and in
the middle. By slacking the nuts and drawing the bolts out sideways
the whole or any of the tubes can be taken out for repair or cleaning
and casily replaced.
For passing the wort or other liquid over the exterior of the tubes
before described we adopt the following arrangements, that is, we provide
a box or casc about ten or twelve inches deep having webs or divisions
across it at equal distances secured to each side and bottom of the box
or casc. In cach alternate web are openings, one at the top in the
middle of ono web, and two at the ends in the bottom of the other.
The tubes are placed in this box, cach set of eight or more fitting more
or less into the spaces formed by the webs or divisions. The wort or
other liquid requiring to be cooled enters at one end of the box, riscs
to the opening, falls into the next division, passes over the tubes and
under the next web at the two ends, thus producing an over and under
motion similar to that obtained in other refrigerators, and in addition to
this a zig-zag motion, thus ensuring a thorough contact of all the worts
with the cooling surface. We also sometimes produce the zig-zag
motion by liating openings of a diagonal shape, thereby causing the
wort to pass along the whole length of the tube. The cross divisions
may be applied to each alternate double row of tubes or to single rows
of tubes, as circumstances or choice dictate. Tubes, round by preference,
to stand the pressure necessary to keep the water solid and enable
operators to utilize the spent water and to recover the heat of the worts

page_text: which may be passed through the refrigerator from the hop back or even
the copper.
For draining the utensil when the operation of cooling is complete a
chamber is attached to the end of each division, from which there is
a branch or passage leading to the chamber. In the lower part of this
chamber is fixed a valve which opens into a pipe or conduit running the
whole length of the refrigerator. While the apparatus is in use this
valve is closed, and when it is required to empty the worts out of each
division the valves are opened and the wort passes through them into
the longitudinal pipe and thence into the tuns.
The following are important points in our Invention, namely, the
provision of simple and easy means of taking to pieces for cleaning
and repairs; allowance for contraction and expansion, thus preventing
fracture and damage from sudden changes of temperature to which
these articles are subjected; greater cooling power from the peculiar
arrangement of tubes and watercourses and the longitudinal and zig-zag
motion given to the worts by the openings in the webs; the facility for
draining the refrigerator by the side valves and casings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Steel and Henry Wilson in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th October 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
STEEL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, in Scotland, Engineer,. and
HENRY WILSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Brass-
founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Steel and Henry Wilson; Her special
licence that we, the said James Steel and Henry Wilson, our executors;
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Steel
and Henry Wilson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with; and no others,. from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of

page_text: Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COOLING BREWERS', DISTILLERS',
AND OTHER WORTS AND OTHER LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said James Steel and Henry Wilson, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately aftor the dato of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Steel and Henry Wilson,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
-
Our Invention comprehends the construction of refrigerators for
brewers, distillers, and others, and is designed for simplifying the working
of these utensils and providing for the contraction and expansion to
which they are subjected, also for rendering repair or cleaning casy
of accomplishment, these requirements not being sufficiently provided
for in any existing refrigerator.
Preferentially the main vessel is an oblong square, which we prefer
should be fully twice as long as wide, divided across with spaces of 5
or 6 inches, into which subdivisions are placed the water tubes in sets,
say of eight, the said tubes being joined at the ends with metal boxes of
a size to allow of intercommunication, and at one end having branches
to permit of connection with the sets of tubes in each next adjoining
compartment, which series of branches when locked together form the
water way from end to end of the machine, two long bolts serving
to fix the whole. The water travels in only two tubes at once, crossing
every wort space four times, and thus has a run of about a thousand
feet in a large machine. The wort enters into the middle of the first
division and traversing right and left sinks and passes into the next
space through the openings at the end and bottom of diaphragm, rising
on the other side it moves from the ends to the middle of next division,
and passes through the opening in the top of the plate, and so on,
sinking or rising and moving from middle to side, and vice versa,
alternately until it reaches the last compartment, which, being without
tubes holds the thermometer and outflow valve,

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a representation of the refrigerator in working order and
attached to an ordinary cooler or hop back showing the wort and
water courses. The opening c in the centre of the alternate divisions
are the overflow wort passages, the underflow passages being at the
extreme end and bottom of the intermediate divisions. The openings in
the near side of the Drawing are the valves for emptying the vessel
when a brew is cooled off.
Fig. 2 shews a section of the tube boxes or caps A, A. B, B, are
the tubes through which the cold water flows in sets of two, starting
in the two upper tubes to the right it flows towards the spectator, going
off again by the two vertically below, reaching the off end of the tubes
it comes back by the two lower tubes on the left and goes off again by
the two above, and thence passes into the tubes in the next compartment.
a, a, are the divisions in the tube boxes for giving direction to the water;
b, b, are the divisions for giving direction to the wort.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew the tube boxes with the inlet and outlet unions
and lugs for the binding rods. The tube boxes are jointed at c, c, c, c,
with clastic washers, and the whole are held together by two rods d, d,
shown by the dotted lines, these rods are looped on to the studs e, e,
and are drawn tight up by the screw F, which secures the whole of the
water connections, leaving every thing free for expansion or contraction.
When it is required in order to clean, for instance, all that is necessary
is to slacken the sorew F, lift the rods out of the way, and the whole
refrigerator comes to pieces. To put it together again it is only necessary
to lay the tubes in their places again, replace the rods, and a few turns
of the screw restores the whole to working order. Two labouring men
are able to take the largest to pieces and put it together ready for
work again in ten minutes. This peculiarity possessed by no other
refrigerator is of infinite advantage for repairs and cleaning as well as
enabling the possessor to get scale or crust from either the exterior or
interior of the tubes removed, allowing him to have the full power of
the utensil so long as it lasts.
Usually our apparatus is made in four different qualities, but the
strength, efficiency, and principle are the same in all. The cooling
tubes are all made of the finest copper untinned, unless ordered other-
wise, and where it is preferred they can be made flat.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of our said. Invention, and in what manner the same may be
performed or carried out in practice, we hereby declare that we claim
the Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling Brewers',
Distillers', and other Worts and other Liquids" as the same is herein-
before described, it being understood that we do not claim the merc
mechanical details herein described except when combined and used
substantially in the manner herein-hefore stated, and that our Inven-
tion is not limited to apparatus constructed exactly as described, but
embraces the use of any equivalent details whereby the objects and
intentions of our Invention before stated may be carried out in practice.
'
In witness whereof, we, the said James Steel and Henry Wilson,
havo hereunto set our hands and scals, this Twenty-eighth day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred
and seventy-one.
Witness,
MICHAEL W. BUTTERS,
85, Maxwell Street,
Glasgow.
(L.S.)
JAMES STEEL.
HENRY WILSON. (L.S.)