Improvements in or relating to Pistons, Piston Valves, Pumps, or the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Oct., 1895-Accepted, 11th Jan., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pistons, Piston Valves, Pumps,
or the like.
I JOSEPH BATTY of 32 Kimberley Street, Attercliffe, Sheffield, in the County
of York, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in metallic packing for pistons, piston
valves, pumps, or the like; the object is to obtain a piston or the like which does
not admit of steam passing by it from either side.
In carrying out this invention I use the ordinary section of metallic rings fitting
in a groove or grooves in the piston or other block which holds the rings in
position. Beyond the grooves I bevel the piston block reducing the sides so as
to allow the steam to get underneath or behind the piston ring or rings so that
they are held up tight against the cylinder wall or sides of the chamber by the
pressure of steam. In the part of the rings that fits in the groove of the piston
I preferably drill small holes and cut them through so as to lighten the rings
and give greater elasticity if desired. Piston rings as ordinarily arranged are
held up against the cylinder wall by metallic springs but these are dispensed with
by my invention as I allow the steam to act instead of springs. The part of the
piston block between the rings I preferably turn to the exact size of the cylinder
so that the piston in itself is a perfect fit and should the cylinder be oval or
larger at the ends than the centre or vice versa the block is made to fit the
smallest part while the rings are forced out at the largest part by the pressure
of steam acting behind them and the cylinder compressing them where necessary;
thus I am able to combine with the usual elasticity of the rings the automatic
action derived from the pressure of the steam on them. I do not bind myself to one
particular design of ring for piston or like blocks, as the rings can be used in
existing blocks in any desired manner and of any desired section.
The invention will be best understood by reference to the accompanying drawings
in which,
Fig. 1 is a view of a portion of a piston block with one ring in section and the
other in elevation.
Fig. 2 is a section of ring showing the manner of applying the invention to
existing piston blocks and,
Fig. 3 is a plan of part of a piston ring showing the holes and saw-cuts for the
purpose of lightening the ring and giving it greater elasticity.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
In carrying my invention into practice I take a block A and turn one or more
grooves B of any desired depth each for receiving a ring C which is sprung over
the side of the piston block to fit into the appropriate grooves B, hules C¹ with
saw-cuts C 2 or recesses being provided in the ring to give it greater elasticity
when thus sprung over the piston block. In applying the ring to an existing
piston block such as D provided with a junk ring D' as in Fig. 2, the flange D'
of the block D and the junk ring D' are turned down to any desired diameter so
as to allow the rings C to fit over them and the steam to act on the back of the
rings, and after taking off the junk ring D' I place one of the rings C over the
block flange D2 and a distance piece or ring E over the body of the block. This
ring E is turned to fit the cylinder at its smallest part if at one part it is larger
D

page_text: than another. At the back of the distance ring E I place the other of the
rings C, which, together with E and the first of the rings C is held in position by
the junk ring D' secured to the block D. The piston block flange D2 and the
distance ring E together with the flange of the junk ring D' form the necessary
grooves which enable the rings to spring out and in, according to any irregularities
in the cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Providing a piston ring with holes and saw cuts or recesses such as C¹ C2
substantially as and for the purpose described.
2. In a piston for use in a steam engine the arrangement whereby the steam has
access to the interior or back of the packing ring substantially as and for the
purpose described.
3. A flanged piston ring.
4. The combination with a flanged piston such as D D 2 and junk ring D¹ of two
packing rings such as C and a distance ring such as E between the packing rings
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The combination with a flanged packing ring of a bevelled piston substantially
as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 28th day of October 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.