IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ARRESTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ARRESTING
INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication
from abroad by Francis Janssens, of Herten, in the Kingdom of Holland,
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1878.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of.
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF ARRESTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR." A communication from abroad by Francis Janssens, of Herten, in the
Kingdom of Holland.
"
The improvements consist in the manufacture and use of a material I call
"alcalised cellulose," and which is made in a fluid as well as in a solid state by.
boiling by steam suitable fibrous materials or their derivatives with lye of soda, to
which in some cases oxalic acid may be added. A certain quantity of the "alcalised
cellulose," say, ', pint per week and per HP, fed into the boiler with the feed
water will be sufficient to keep the boiler clean of incrustation and free from
corrosion.
The composition acts in the following manner :-The matters forming incrustation
are precipitated in form of a fine powder or mud, and gather at the bottom of the
boiler, whence they can be let out or withdrawn after some time of rest through
the waste cock; but as the accumulation of sediment in the boiler with very hard
and impure feed water would be very great; and this, as well as the clearing it out
from the boiler, would be connected with much trouble and other drawbacks, I

page_text: have constructed the apparatus described hereafter for the automatic removal from
the boiler of the injurious matters which have been precipitated by the use of the
"alcalised cellulose," and in combining the two I prevent radically the formation of
incrustation in steam boilers.
The Drawing represents the apparatus in connection with a Cornish boiler.
Figure 1 shows a front view of boiler and a vertical section of the apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a side view; Fig. 3, a plan or horizontal section.
A is a vessel or chamber which is closed at both ends, made, say, 8 or 10 inches
diameter, and from 6 feet to 7 feet high, or more, according to the size of the boiler
for which it is intended. In A I put another vessel B of similar shape, which is
however open at the top, and not quite so high as the exterior one, and about
2 inches or 3 inches smaller in diameter, and reaching with its open top about
10 inches or 12 inches below the closed top of the outer vessel. This double vessel
I fix at any convenient spot near the boiler, in such a manner that the inner vessel
will reach with its upper open edge just up to the line of the low water mark of the
boiler, or even a little below this level.. I then connect the inner vessel with the
boiler by means of a pipe D leading out from the boiler at the level of the low
water mark, and reaching the vessel or chamber B about in the middle of its height,
a cock being put between the vessel and the boiler inithe connecting pipe. About
10 inches above the bottom line of the vessel I connect a pipe C to the exterior
annular space of the vessel A, which leads to the lower and colder part of the
boiler, fixing also a cock between the two, as shown.
In opening the upper cock of D the water from the boiler will flow through the
pipe D into the interior vessel, which when filled will overflow and fill also the
exterior or annular space. At the same time the, water, will be cooled down. in
the vessel, and especially so in the annular space, and if therefore the cock in the
lower connecting pipe C between the boiler and the apparatus is opened, the cooled
water will flow back to the lower part of the boiler. In the inner vessel however a
mechanical separation of the incrustating matters, which are freed from, the water
will take place at the same time, on account of the comparative state of rest in
which the water is here as compared with the boiling state in the boiler. These
matters on account of their greater specific gravity will fall to the bottom of the
vessel, and the purified water will rise and flow over the top into the annular space,
where it will cool further down and sink. Thus a continual stream of impure
water from the boiler into the inner vessel of the apparatus, and of purified water
over the edge of the inner vessel, through the annular back to the boiler
through the lower connecting pipe C, will take place?", back
At the bottom of the vessel is fixed a peculiarly constructed cock, as shown, by
means of which the sediment can be drawn off from the inner vessel, and also, if
any should still collect there, from the annular space.
I claim as my Invention,-
(1.) The use of "alcalised cellulose" in a fluid or solid state fed into boilers or
steam generators with the feed water, or mixed with it by any other means.
(2.) Removing the matter which has been separated from the water or precipi-
tated by the use of the "alcalised cellulose" by means of the apparatus described.
above, or of similar apparati operating for the same purpose.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, A.D. 1878.