Improvements in Internal Combustion Regenerative Thermo-motors, some of which said Improvements are Applicable to Gas and Hot-air Engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th June, 1890-Accepted, 19th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Regenerative Thermo-motors,
some of which said Improvements are Applicable to Gas and
Hot-air Engines.
I JAMES HARGREAVES of Farnworth in Widnes in the County of Lancaster, Chemical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said improvements consist as follows:-
I use slide valves to control the passage of air from the air pump into the cooler end
of the regenerator through which said regenerator the said air is forced into the
furnace and combustion chamber of the said motor or engine, and also to control the
passage of gases from the working cylinder.
Under one modification I employ two excentrics placed at different angles, or use
one excentric with working levers operating at different angles, whereby I actuate the
said slide valves. At the end of the in stroke of the air pump piston the said passage
into the regenerator is closed, and air allowed to flow into the air pump from
the atmosphere. When the charge of air has been admitted into the said pump from
the atmosphere, the said passage for inlet of air is still kept open until the returning
air pump piston has gained considerable velocity and driven out a portion of the air.
When the working piston has arrived at or near the end of the out stroke the same slide
valves open the passage from the regenerator to the atmosphere to exhaust the gases
contained in the said working cylinder. When the instroke is completed or nearly so
the passages to the atmosphere both from the working cylinder and air pump are closed
and the passage from the air pump to the working cylinder opened. Where the above
mentioned slide valves are used in engines without regenerators, such as gas engines
and the like, the passages through the slide valves are made to pass directly from the
air pomp direct into the working cylinder. To keep the surfaces of the said valves
and valve seats true, so as not to require frequent resurfacing I-attach one or both of
the said valves to the excentric so that such valve or valves. has a slight lateral travel.
This part of my invention is applicable to gas and hot air engines.
To prevent the accumulation of tarry matter in the working cylinder of Thermo-
motors when liquid fuel is used I form a groove around the working piston at the
point which comes opposite the scraper when the said piston is at the inner portion of
the stroke, or that point of the stroke at which air is admitted into the working
cylinder.
I make the piston scraper with diagonal passages along its face so as to allow any
accumulated matter to pass through and yet effectually to scrape the working piston
and clear it of any tarry matter.
For the purpose of obtaining compactness I place the air pump in a line parallel
with the working cylinder, and at right angles to the length of the regenerator.
Dated this Eighteenth day of September 1889.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Regenerative Thermo-motors,
some of which said Improvements are Applicable to Gas and
Hot air Engines.
I JAMES HARGREAVES of Farnworth in Widnes in the County of Lancaster Chemical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
My said improvements consist as follows:-
T
I use slide valves to control the passage of air from the air pump into the cooler end
of the regenerator through which said regenerator the said air is forced into the furnace
and combustion chamber of the said motor or engine, and also to control the passage of
gases from the working cylinder. Under one modification I employ two eccentrics
placed at different angles; in another I use one eccentric with working levers operating
at different angles whereby I actuate the said slide valves. At the end of the instroke
of the air pump piston the said passage into the regenerator is closed and air allowed
to flow into the air pump from the atmosphere.
When the charge of air has been admitted into the said pump from the atmosphere,
the said passage for inlet of air is still kept opon until the returning air pump piston
has gained considerable velocity and driven out a portion of the air. When the work-
ing piston has arrived at or near the end of the outstroke, the same slide valves open
the passage from the regenerator to the atmosphere to exhaust the gases contained
in the said working cylinder. When the instroke of the working piston is completed
or nearly so the passages to the atmosphere both from the working cylinder through
the regenerator and from the air pump are closed and the passage from the air pump
to the working cylinder opened. When the above mentioned slide valves are used in
engines without regenerators such as gas engines and the like, the ways past the
slide valves are made directly from the air pump into the working cylinder.
To keep the surface of the said valves and valve seats true so as not to require
frequent re-surfacing, I attach one or both of the said valves to the eccentric so
that such valve, or valves has or have a slight lateral travel.
This part of my invention is applicable to gas and hot-air engines.
To prevent the accumulation of tarry matter in the working cylinder of Thermo-
motors when liquid fuel is used I form a groove around the working piston at the
point which comes opposite the scraper when the said piston is at the inner portion
of the stroke, or that point of the stroke at which air is admitted into the working
cylinder. I make the piston scrapor with diagonal passages along its face. so as
to allow any accumulated matter to pass through and yet effectively to scrape the
working piston and clear it of any tarry matter.
For the purpose of obtaining compactness I place the air pump in a line parallel
with the working cylinder and at right angles to the length of the regenerator.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1. 2 and 3 are longitudinal sections and fig. 4 a face view illustrative of that
part of my invention relating to valves. a is the air pump cylinder, is the air
pump piston, c is the cool end of the regenerator, the other end of which terminates
in the combustion chamber of the working cylinder. is the valve box, f passage
leading from the regenerator to the valve box, g passage leading from the air
pump to the valve box, way from the valve box to the waste gas flue, i, j, k valves
free to slide on one another and between the faces d, d' of the valve box; the valve j
has a cavity and a through way. The valve has a through way k'. opening
from the air pump to the atmosphere. The valve box d is open to the atmosphere
above and below and the valve stems m are coupled direct to the eccentric straps or
working levers without pivotting so that they not only have a longitudinal to and fro

page_text: motion to effect the opening and closing of the ports but also an oscillating or
vibrating lateral motion whereby the valves and seats are caused to wear more uniformly
than when the valves bave motion in one direction only.
In fig. 2 the air pump piston bis at the end of its instroke and is about to com-
mence its outward stroke, the valve j is moving in the direction of the arrow so that the
port or passage g will be uncovered and air will freely enter the air pump cylinder
during the outstroke of the said piston. The working piston is also making its out-
stroke and the valves and k. do not until the outstroke
j
finished move far enough
to open the way from the regenerator to the flue i through the ports j, j and k¹.
When the working piston has reached the end of its outstroke and is about to
commence its instroke the valves j and have so moved that there is a free way from
the regenerator through the passage and ports and to the flue as shown in
fig. 3. Soon after the working piston has commenced its instroke the air pump
piston completes its outstroke as shown in fig. 3 and the motion of the valves j. k.
is such that the passage is left open until the said air pump piston has made
about a third of its return stroke; or an opening closed by the passage of the
piston is provided. When the instroke of the working piston is completed the air
pump piston is near the end of its instroke as. shown in fig. 1 and the valves j
and have moved until there is communication from the air pump to the regenerator
by the passage y port and passage f.
scraper for cleaning
where the said
the surface of
Fig. 5 is a section of a portion of working cylinder n & piston
piston o has a groove around it and q is
the piston.
The said scraper is made with diagonal passages shown in fig. 6. The groove p
and passages allow any accumulated matter to pass from the upper to the lower
end of the piston without damaging any of the parts whilst at the same time the
surface of the piston is kept clean.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inveu-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
First. The combination of two slide valves with a working cylinder and air pump
when the said valves are constructed and operated substantially as set forth.
Second. Giving a double motion to valves of motive power engines substantially
in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Third. Constructing the pistons and scrapers of internal combustion engines. with
grooves and passages substantially in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Dated the 18th June 1890.
Per pro J. T. KING,
J. Johnson,
Agent.