IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Fardon, of 40, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the
ff
City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 31st October 1879, and dated the 10th May 1879.
Sealed the 31st October 1879, and dated the 10th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Fardon at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1879.
THOMAS FARDON, of 40, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED
LIQUIDS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The object of my Invention is to provide against the danger of the liquid
becoming contaminated during the process of manufacture, and also against the
waste of gas during the process of drawing off.
For this purpose I propose to use two vessels of glass, porcelain, or other suitable
material, each having an open top, and an outlet for drawing off the liquid at the
bottom. Each vessel moreover is furnished with a dome shaped top or cover of
like material suspended over it, and so arranged as to provide for the free ingress
into the vessel of any gas which the surrounding casing (hereinafter described) may
contain, and at the same time to prevent the contained liquid from splashing over
during the process of saturation with the gas. The vessels and covers are entirely
surrounded by casings, which may be of copper or other suitable material of
sufficient strength to withstand the requisite internal pressure of the gas, a space
being left between the vessels and the casings in order that the gas may have free
access to the outside of the vessels (as well as the inside as before described), and
so prevent any strain to the vessels on account of the pressure of the gas. Inside
the covers and at or near the top of same. I fix one or more jets or nozzles directed
down towards the bottoms of the vessels, the jets in one vessel being connected
with the outlet at the bottom of the other by a tube of pure tin or other suitable
material. These jets may be lined with tin, silver, or other suitable material, or be
made entirely of the same. A check valve of like material is inserted in the above
mentioned pipes to prevent gas from passing out through the jets of one vessel into
the other through the outlet.

page_text: The outlet of one vessel being connected with the drawing off apparatus, and
either of the vessels being filled or nearly so with the liquid to be aerated, the
action is as follows:-The gas is admitted to the casing of the empty vessel at the
requisite pressure, and to the casing of the vessel which contains the liquid at a
sufficiently increased pressure so as to forcibly inject the said liquid into the other
vessel through the jets or nozzles; whereby the solution of the gas in the liquid is
greatly facilitated, and the usual agitator is dispensed with. The pressures are then
reversed and the liquid forced back in the same manner to the vessel which first
contained it; the operation being repeated as often as is necessary to properly
aerate the liquid. When this is accomplished, the liquid must be retained by
means of a suitable cock or stop valve in the vessel which is connected with the
drawing off apparatus, and the casing of this vessel charged with gas at the higher
pressure, whilst the casing of the other vessel is charged with gas at the lower
pressure. To obtain the two distinct pressures as above described, I propose to
use a differential valve loaded by a spring or weight; and in order to direct and
control these two pressures of gas I propose to introduce a four way cock between
the valve and the casings, and to connect the same in such a manner that by
turning the plug of the said cock the pressures may be reversed at will as
described.
The aerated liquid being in the vessel which is connected with the drawing off
apparatus, and the higher pressure of gas being admitted to its casing whilst the
lower pressure is admitted to the other casing as above described, I propose to
connect the air outlet of the drawing off apparatus with this casing, at the same
time that the inlet for the liquid in the said drawing off apparatus is opened to the
drawing off outlet of the vessel containing the liquid. The said liquid will then
rapidly fill any suitable vessel that may be placed in the drawing off apparatus,
and as it will there meet with gas at the pressure at which it was aerated, it will
not lose gas during the process of drawing off.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Fardon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th November
1879.
THOMAS FARDON, of 40, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND DRAWING OFF OF AERATED
LIQUIDS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
The object of my Invention is to provide against the danger of the liquid
becoming contaminated during the process of manufacture, and also against the
waste of gas during the process of drawing off.
For this purpose I use two vessels of glass, porcelain, or other suitable material,
each having an open top, and an outlet for drawing off the liquid at the bottom.
Each vessel moreover is furnished with a dome shaped top or cover of like material
suspended over it, and so arranged as to provide for the free ingress into the vessel
of any gas which the surrounding casing (hereinafter described) may contain, and
at the same time to prevent the contained liquid from splashing over during the
process of saturation with the gas. The vessels and the covers are entirely
surrounded by casings, which may be of copper or other suitable material of
sufficient strength to withstand the requisite internal pressure of the gas, a space
being left between the vessels and the casings in order that the gas may have free
access to the outside of the vessels (as well as the inside as before described), and
so prevent any strain to, the vessels on account of the pressure of the gas.
Inside the covers and at or near the top of same I fix one or more jets or nozzles
directed towards the bottoms of the vessels, the jets in one vessel being con-
nected with the outlet at the bottom of the other by a tube of pure tin or other
suitable material. These jets may be lined with tin, silver, or other suitable
material, or may be made entirely of the same. A check valve of like material is
inserted in the above mentioned pipes to prevent gas from passing out through the
jets of one vessel into the other through the outlet. The outlet of one vessel being
connected with the drawing off apparatus, and either of the vessels being filled or
nearly so with the liquid to be aerated, the action is as follows:-The gas is
admitted to the casing of the empty vessel (A¹) at the requisite pressure, and to the
casing of the vessel (A) which contains the liquid at a sufficiently increased
pressure, so as to forcibly inject the said liquid into the other vessel through the
jets or nozzles (E), whereby the solution of the gas in the liquid is greatly
facilitated, and the usual agitator is dispensed with. The pressures are then
reversed and the liquid forced back in the same manner to the vessel (A) which first
contained it, as shown in dotted arrows, the operation being repeated as often as.
is necessary to properly aerate the liquid. When this is accomplished, the liquid
must be retained by means of a suitable cock or stop valve (Z) in the vessel (A')
which is connected with the drawing off apparatus, and the casing (B¹) of this
vessel (A') charged with gas at the higher pressure, whilst the casing (B) of the
other vessel (A) is charged with gas at the lower pressure. To obtain the two
distinct pressures as above described, I use a differential valve loaded by a spring
or weight; and in order to direct and control these two pressures of gas I introduce
a four way cock between the valve and the casings, and connect the same in such a
manner, that by turning the plug of the said cock, the pressures may be reversed at
will as described
The aerated liquid being in the vessel which is connected with the drawing off
apparatus, and the higher pressure of gas being admitted to its casing whilst the
lower pressure is admitted to the other casing, as above described, I connect the air
outlet (Y) of the drawing off apparatus with this casing B, at the same time that
the inlet (X) for the liquid in the said drawing off apparatus is opened to the
drawing off outlet (K) of the vessel (A') containing the liquid. The said liquid