Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1886.
Complete Left, 27th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 4th Oct., 1887
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of 53, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do
hereby declare the nature of this Invention a communication to me from abroad by
Joseph Danischevski of 130 Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière Paris France Engineer
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to regenerative gas lamps of simple and economical
construction. In the arrangement first hereinafter described the burner is formed by
a mere slit between an appendage fixed to or forming part of the regenerator and the
gas supply pipe so that access may be had to the supply pipe by merely raising the
regenerator thereby unclosing the end of the gas tube which is much less troublesome
to clean than the slits or perforations of an ordinary burner. The regenerator is so
constructed that the air supply is quickly heated to a very high temperature before it
arrives at the burner by being caused to circulate through passages arranged either
horizontally vertically or obliquely of straight, helical or other form, or otherwise
arranged to effect a prolonged contact of the air with surfaces heated by the escaping
products of combustion.
The Invention also relates to the mode of mounting the globe, the regulator, and
other details. Various examples of the Invention are illustrated in the accompanying
drawing in which figure 1 is an elevation of the lamp and figure 2 a part sectional
elevation of a modification of the same in which the regenerator is of reduced height
and also forms a reflector. In these two arrangements the gas is lighted from above
as in ordinary. Figure 3 shews a lamp based on the same principle which can be
lighted from below. Figures 4 and 5 shew an elevation and top plan of a lamp which
can be lighted from the side through holes in a horizontai disc or ring. Figure 6 is
a section of a burner formed of a tube fitted with one or more perforated discs and
a mushroom head of refractory or other material forming one or more lateral

page_text: circular slits at which the gas issues. Figure 7 is a section on line 1-2 shewing the
form of the stem W which supports the disc and cap z. Figure 8 is a plan of the
perforated disc y. Figure 9 is a modification of the burner shewn in Figure 6 which
can be applied to all the lamps herein described. Figure 10 is a vertical central
section of a gas lamp shewing the application of the regenerator to a burner having
multiple radial flames. Figure 11 shows the construction of the regenerator in
elevation and plan. Figure 12 shews details of the support for the globe. Figures 13
and 14 represent the same system applied in combination with an inverted flame
burner. Figures 15 and 16 shew modifications hereinafter referred to. Figure 17
shews details of the mode of mounting the regulator directly upon the gas supply
pipe above the lamp.
Referring to figure 1 a is the regenerator having a central chamber & terminating
in an inverted mushroom or other suitably shaped head c of refractory or other
material, d are the air inlets to the central chamber b, as shown in figure 2.
The burner is formed by a circular all-round slit or aperture, left between the flat
lower end of a central stem e fixed in the chamber b of the regenerator, and the upper
open mouth of the gas pipe which is supplied with gas from below, the gas escaping
laterally and producing a horizontal flame i.
The stem e is centrally guided in tube f by a rod
J. The tube screws at bottom
into a socket h, so as to enable the amount of opening between the parts e and to be
adjusted to regulate the intensity and size of the jet. The glass bowl / rests upon a
cup k which is supported upon a spring m, as will be hereinafter explained.
The tube terminates in a socket n for for attaching to a standard or pipe.
In Figure 2, the regenerator descends partly within the bowl, the cluster of air
tubes o, of round or other section, converging downwards towards the centre as shewn,
although they may be placed at any other angle, or be inclined either upwards or
downwards to the central chamber b.
The regenerator is shewn as being conical at the lower part and enclosed by a
conical reflector p, but this latter may be dispensed with, and the tubes o be coated
with a reflecting material. In this arrangement additional air inlet passages are
provided around, as well as through the regenerator.
In Figure 3, the lamp is arranged for lighting from below at st.
The gas is
supplied by the pipes, and passes up between two concentric tubes forming the
burner in combination with a caps of suitable material and dimensions, between
which, and the top of the tubes, the gas is emitted, said cap being the equivalent of
the part e of the former arrangements.
In Figures 4 and 5, the lamp is lighted from the side by means of holes made in a
disc t, or ring u, in connection with holes which can be opened or closed by turning
the disc or ring by means of handle .
Figures 6, 7, and 8 shew a burner having the same essential character (circular,
all round slit) formed by an open tube surmounted by a top z, with or without the
intermediate perforated disc Yr both carried by a triangular stem W.
The burner may be modified according to requirements, for example, the adjacent
surfaces of the tube and top z may be (either or both) radially notched as shewn in
Figure 9, which notches may, or may not be separated by a disc, the gas issuing at
the notches.
The disc is removably supported to admit of cleaning the burner.
The gas may be supplied from above, instead of below, or both from above and
below, in which case, the one part of the gas tube would be fixed to the regenerator
and its counterpart to the base of the lamp, the gas emitted at the two orifices
spreading out by the meeting of the two opposing jets, and forming a horizontal
flame.
The improvements may be applied to any ordinary burner without necessitating any
special connections. In the one to which I attach most importance the raising of the
regenerative chamber uncovers the orifice of the jet which cannot then be considered
a burner and presents no greater obstacle in cleaning than an ordinary tube.
regenerator is composed of three vertical concentric chambers, that is to say, a central
The

page_text: chamber a closed at top and bottom from which branch the air tubes which traverse
the second chamber band open into the third chamber c. This external chamber c is
divided by a horizontal partition g and is provided above the partition with air inlet
holes d (figures 10 and 13). Large air inlet tubes e lead from the upper part of the
outer chamber to the upper part of the central chamber, the air entering at the
aperture d passing inwards through the tubes e to the central chamber a and thence
returning outwards to the tubes to the lower part of the outer chamber and thence
to the burner.
=
It will be seen by figure 11 that the radial tubes e alternate with the tubes fin
order that the hot gases of combustion shall envelope successively the different ranges
of tubes, so that in passing to the chimney h they shall give up to the incoming air
supply passing through the tubes the greatest possible amount of caloric. This
arrangement permits of placing above the regenerator a transparent globe or cup
which permits of the rays of light which pass between the tubes being projected
upwards to the ceiling to prevent loss of heat by radiation, the nest of tubes and the
intermediate casing & being isolated from the external casing c by a suitable lining i of
non conducting material composed of asbestos for example.
The globe is carried by a spring supported cup n (which is shewn in figure 12)
fitted to slide upon the vertical guide rod extending down from beneath the burner,
whereby the globe may be drawn downwards in a right line in order to give access to
the interior for lighting and cleaning. By this means, the hinges and counterweights
heretofore used in this kind of lamp are dispensed with. The cup n by which the
globe is supported is carried by a short tube sliding upon a guide rod screwed
into a socket n of the burner and resting upon a spiral spring o supported at its lower
end upon a collar fixed upon the guide rod. The spring and guide rod are enclosed by
an outer tube p connected by a bayonet joint with the tube which carries the cup n
and is provided at its lower end with a ring 9 or other handle whereby the cup n and
the globe resting upon it may be drawn down, compressing the spring which when
released raises the globe again to its closed position. Instead of the spring, any
equivalent means of raising the globe may be employed. It will be seen that the
guide rod is tubular and has a longitudinal slot at one side into which the screw stud
of the bayonet joint is received and slides.
l
Figure 15 shows an arrangement adopted when the gas supply pipe passes from
the globe directly beneath the burner. In this case it is the gas pipe upon which the
spring o is placed.
Figure 16 shews an arrangement adopted when the burner is lighted by a pilot
light without necessitating the opening of the globe. In this case the locking disc q
supported on a cross pin passing from the central rod permits of dismounting the
globe, by giving one quarter turn to the disc, this disc having a slot corresponding to
the cross pin shewn in the drawings.
a,
Figure 13 shews an arrangement which may be adopted in the case of an inverted
burner. In this case, the gas supply pipe passes centrally down from the central
chamber and terminates in a suitable burner, the chamber a being open at the
lower end, and its sides terminating in an outwardly splayed and upwardly curved
portion presenting a suitably formed surface for directing the flame upwards amongst
the nest of tubes. The air circulating around this gas pipe prevents its being raised
to a red heat, and consequently there is no danger of deposits being formed either
in the pipe or in the air inlet holes of the burner. The construction of regenerator is
similar to that shewn in figure 10.
Figure 14 shews a burner giving a downwardly projecting flame similar to that last
described, but supplied by a pipe rising from the bottom of the globe and supplied
with gas as in figure 10. In this arrangement the diaphragm g is situated below the
level of the lower range of tubes f, the air in this case passing through all of the tubes
from the outer to the inner chamber.
Figure 17 shews how the gas regulator may be supplied above the lamp when the
gas supply arrives from above. As it is necessary for the working of the regulator t
that the gas should enter it from beneath, the return arrangement of gas pipe » and

page_text: partitionss is provided by which the gas is caused to pass in the direction of the
arrows, by which the desired result is obtained.
The regulator may be protected from heat by a bell or shade u. As shewn in
figure 18, the radial tubes of the regenerator may be of rectangular, or any other
suitable sectional form; they may be disposed vertically obliquely or horizontally, the
air in the passages being suitably arranged according to the position of the tubes.
Dated this 29th day of November 1886.
A. M. CLARK.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London,
Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Regenerative Gas Lamps.
1, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of
53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention (a communication to me from
abroad by Joseph Danischevski of 130 Rue du Faubourg Poissonnière, Paris, France
Engineer, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in regenerative gas lamps. Regenerativo
gas lamps as heretofore made, are bulky, complicated, and expensive, and the burner
and gas pipe are liable to become obstructed, exposed as they are to a very high
temperature, and the orifices of the burner if of the ordinary kind are difficult to
clean.
The object of the present invention is to provide a lamp in which all these objections
are avoided, and it consists;
(1) In applying to the open end of the gas supply pipe a solid or tubular head
which may be adjustable and is situated at a minute distance from the end of the said
pipe, so as to leave a mere slit between them to form the burner.
(2) In combining with the foregoing, a regenerator constructed with passages
arranged to effect a prolonged contact of the air with heated surfaces, and with
horizontal tubes branching on to a central chamber or forming by their combination,
a chamber through which the air for feeding the flame passes and becomes heated.
(3) In the means of regulating the draught, of lighting the lamp from the outside,
and of mounting the glass bowl and the regulator, all of which combine to form a
lamp of simple construction, restricted dimensions and small cost, which may be
adapted to ordinary gas burners and fittings in all situations.

page_text: Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming part of this
specification which represent the several features of invention as applied to gas lamps
of the kind referred to; it being understood that the details of construction of the
lamps would necessarily vary according to the particular nature of each application.
The pipe for supplying gas to the lamp may enter therein from above or below and
may be of any section or be constituted by any number of tubes of the same or
different sections, or of an assemblage of concentric tubes.
Figure 1 represents an elevation of the lamp and also a horizontal section of the
same taken on line 1-2. Figure 2 is a similar view with the regenerator raised so
as to afford access for lighting the lamp. Figure 3 shews a vertical section of the
lamp and also a horizontal section on line 3-4. Figure 4 shows the same lamp with
the gas supply pipe passing down inside, instead of rising through the bowl.
Figures 5, 6, and 7, shew modified arrangements of the lamp and burner. Figure 8
shews the spring holder for the bowl. Figure 9 shews the regulator employed when
the gas is supplied from above the lamp. Figure 10 shews a perspective view of the
lamp. Figure 11 is a vertical section shewing the flame regulator, and figure 12 a
corresponding plan of same. Figure 13. shews details of the burner.
In this improved lamp, the flame is formed between the end of the gas supply
pipe, a and the head or abutment b against which it impinges. The gas supply pipe
may as before mentioned be of any suitable form or section, and consist either of a
single tube or of a number of tubes arranged either concentrically or side by side.
When composed of multiple tubes, they may be utilized for feeding the flame with
gaseous mixtures which are combustible or serve as aids to combustion, such as
oxygen and vapors of naphthaline or hydrocarbons for the purpose of enriching the
gas or increasing its illuminating power. The head bis fixed in any suitable manner
to the central chamber of the regenerator c and may be made solid and surmounted
by a deflector d of refractory material, or it may be mounted on the upper end of a
central stem e, as shewn in figure 5. The head may also consist of a tube or number
of tubes grouped as described for the supply pipe a through which gas would also be
supplied, so that the flame would be produced between the two tubes and spread by
the meeting of the two opposing jets of gas. The head b need not be attached to the
regenerator but may be mounted upon the end of the gas supply pipe a, as in figure 6.
or it may be provided with one or more perforated discs f, as shewn in figure 7, for
the purpose of spreading and heating the flame by contact with such disc. The gas
supply pipe may pass through the bottom of the glass bowl g, as in figure 1, or pass
down inside it, as in figure 4. The bowl, in order to prevent the contact of the
heated gases with the external air, may be provided with an inner lining of glass over
a whole or a portion of its surface with a circulation of air between the two.
The regenerator is composed of horizontal, round, or flattened tubes radiating from
the central chamber c and provided with diaphragms which prolong the contact of the
air therewith as long as possible, the gases of combustion rising between the tubes or
assemblage of tubes, by the draught created by the chimney . The draught may be
regulated by a plate k controlling the passage of the heated gases, or by an external
diaphragm for regulating the quantity of cold air entering the regenerator. Although
the tubes are represented as of flattened form, they may be circular, and the regenerator
may be arranged at its lower part to form a reflector, as in figure 5. The top of the
lamp may be of transparent material, in order to allow of the light passing upwards.
The lamp may be lighted either from the top of the chimney or from the side at
openings 772 which may be uncovered at the desired moment by rotating the perforated
ring m (see figure 1) until its perforations coincide with the passages in the lamp.
The glass bowl g is mounted upon a spring holder consisting of a cup n packed
with asbestos upon which the bowl is supported and attached to the upper end of a
telescopic tube by pulling on which, the coiled spring o may be compressed and the
bowl drawn downwards when, for instance, it is desired to clean or light the lamp.
Figure 8 shews details of one example of this spring holder.
When the gas is supplied from above the lamp, the pipe is arranged as represented
in figure 9, to permit of a regulator being employed whereby the flame may be

page_text: the
produced by two opposing jets of gas impinging one on the other. The gas supply
pipe is bent upwards so that the gas enters the regulator from below, as indicated
by the arrows. so as to ensure the proper working of the regulator. It will be
evident that the burner may be inverted that is to say, the supply pipe a may be fixed
to the regenerator and the head or abutment placed beneath it.
Figures 11 and 12 shew more particularly the means by which the relative positions
of the supply pipe and head are adjusted for the purpose of regulating the flame.
This is performed from the outside of the lamp with the aid of a spindle d carrying a
pinion e gearing with teeth formed on the upper end of the head 6. Figure 13 shews
a similar provision made for adjusting the position of the nipple a¹ of supply pipe a
with regard to the head b, by screwing the parts one in the other. In figure 11, is
a hole made in supply pipe a for admitting a certain proportion of hot air to mix with
the gas.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is ;-
1st. A gas lamp in which the burner is formed of an open ended tube or assemblage
of tubes concentric or otherwise, and of an abutment or head against which the gas is
projected at its point of ignition, the said abutment being either solid or serving to
supply a jet of gas or vapor impinging against the first mentioned, as described.
2nd. A gas lamp having a regenerator composed of a series of radial tubes forming
or opening into a central chamber and provided with an abutment against which the
gas impinges at the point of ignition, the said abutment being mounted on the
regenerator so as to be removable therewith for the purpose of uncovering the orifice
of the gas supply pipe, as described for the purpose specified.
3rd. A gas lamp having a regenerator formed of horizontal radial tubes opening
into a central chamber for feeding the flame with external air heated by the passage
of the gases of combustion, a glass bowl mounted on a central spring holder; means
of lighting from the side consisting of a perforated ring; and a regulator whereby
the gas may be admitted from two oppositely placed pipes, or from above only, as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings.