IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Armytage Wade, of Kingston-upon-Hull,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
TREATING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Armytage Wade
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th June 1864.
I, JOSEPH ARMYTAGE WADE, of Kingston-upon-Hull, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR TREATING CLAY AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
I construct the machinery or apparatus according to my Invention as
follows employ a cylinder. one end of which is closed or fitted with a
cover. having a central bearing for the shaft or axis of the revolving portion of
the machine, whilst at the opposite end of the cylinder, which may be slightly
enlarged or made conical, is fitted with a conical cover having suitable openings
therein, which are fitted with nozzles or delivery tubes, there being a bearing
or support for the other end of the revolving shaft provided within this conical
cover.
At the unner side of the cylinder and at or near to the hot and thereof is

page_text: fitted a hopper for receiving the material or substance to be treated. This
hopper is intended to be furnished with fixed knives on one side, and a
revolving shaft also fitted with knives passing in close proximity to the fixed
knives on the one side of the hopper, and into slots in the separating box,
which may be hinged and moveable, and screens may be fitted under the
knives and between the hopper and the cylinder to intercept stones too
large to pass through the cylindrical or conical grinder. The cylinder
being divided in its length into two parts, one being parallel and the
other conical, the revolving portions of the machinery or apparatus are
mounted upon a shaft, and similarly or correspondingly formed and arranged
so as to perform their respective functions; thus within the parallel portion of
the cylinder the clay or other substance to be treated is admitted from the
hopper, and is cut up and mixed or pugged by means of spirally arranged
plates or blades, and which also carry forward and press the material onward
in course of treatment upon the same shaft, or upon a conical or somewhat
spherical enlargement thereof, and beyond the spirally arranged plates or blades
another series of independent blades are fixed to a different pitch, and are so
arranged or disposed as to carry upward or forward the mass of material
previously only partially treated until it reaches that portion of the cylinder
where the conical or partially spherical grinder approaches in its diameter or
at its periphery to the interior of the conical portion of the cylinder, and from
which point or annular space the material thus further treated is forced down,
and finds it way towards the central shaft or axis over the slightly conical end
of the grinder or the base or flat end of the spherical or partially spherical
grinder, beyond which or projecting therefrom, or in advance thereof and
springing from a boss of the shaft. a series of vanes press forward and compress
the clay or other material through the conical cover of the machine and the
openings therein. Instead of the shaft being supported at its end in a bearing
fitted within the conical cover, it may be supported in the boss or open frame-
work fitted into the largest diameter of the conical portion of the cylinder, and
the boss carrying the pressing vanes may be fitted on to the outer end of the
shaft, and beyond the point of support and bearing.
I prefer to regulate the escape of the prepared and compressed clay from
the coued cover of the cylinder by means of two shoots or delivery tubes, which
may both be employed or in use at the same time or alternately used by means
of flaps or valves caused to open and close alternately, and guide the material
into one or the other of the taper tubes, and these flappers or valves may be
worked by a crank or other suitable contrivance for the purpose of regulating

page_text: their motion and movement. The delivery tubes may have fitted into them
perforators, core pieces, and such like contrivances, and the mould or moulds
may be fitted on to or into the outer or smaller end of these tubes.
The objects which I attain by the machinery or apparatus I have described
are, for instance, that clay may be crushed, pugged, mixed, rendered plastic,
and passed from the machine in a fit state for moulding, drying, and burning,
either direct from the clay bank or without any expensive preliminary treat-
ment, as the clay becomes well worked before the grinding of the stones and
other hard lumps which may be in the clay takes place, and that the grinding
does not occur between rollers, but between a fixed interior cylindrical (or
conical) surface, and a revolving serrated or grooved body corresponding
thereto, the clay or other substance being pressed between the grinding
surfaces by the operation of the preceding preparatory process.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Armytage Wade in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th December 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
ARMYTAGE WADE, of Kingston-upon-Hull, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the 27th year of Her reign.
did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors. give and grant unto
the said Joseph Armytage Wade. Her special license that I. the said
Joseph Armytage Wade, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Joseph Armytage Wade, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING CLAY AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Armytage Wade, my executors or administrators. by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to

page_text: be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Armytage Wade, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Sheets of
Drawings:
My Invention of "Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Treating
Clay and other Substances" has for its object the treatment of the clay or
other substance so that the same may be crushed, pugged, mixed, rendered
plastic, and passed from the machine in a fit state for moulding, drying, and
burning, either direct from the clay bank or without any expensive pre-
liminary treatment, as the clay becomes well worked before the crushing of
the stones and other hard lumps takes place, and this crushing is not performed
by means of rollers as usual, but by the substance under treatment being
acted upon between two convex and concave surfaces, one of which is
stationary and the other revolving, and is afterwards ground between two
succeeding plain grinding surfaces, the clay or other substance being pressed
forward between the crushing and grinding surfaces by the action of the
apparatus herein-after described.
For this purpose 1 employ a cylindrical, conical, or otherwise shaped case,
suitably mounted and supported on a bed or frame, to the upper part of
which case is connected a hopper to receive the clay or other material to be
operated upon. Within this case is mounted a central shaft or shafts, which
also pass through the interior of the hopper, and which shaft or shafts may be
driven by suitable gear. At the end of the shaft or shafts within the hopper
are fixed knives or cutting blades (and stationary knives may also be fixed
within the hopper), and at the other end of the shaft or shafts is fixed a hollow
cone with knives or cutting blades set round it, and also having a series of
ribbed surfaces adapted when revolving to produce a crushing effect on clay
or other material pressed between such surfaces, and the surface pieces fixed
to or forming part of the inside of the stationary case previously to the material
being ground between the succeeding plain surfaces. The said hollow conc.
has apertures formed in it for the passage of the clay or other material into
its interior from the outer case, and the central shaft or shafts are also
furnished with knives or cutting blades on that part of the shaft or shafts
within the grinding cone. The cone is also provided with scrapers and
pressing knives fixed to arms at the bottom of the same.

page_text: The material after being ground is received into boxes, from which it is
forced forwards by means of pistons fitting the same (such pistons being worked
by crank discs and connecting rods or other suitable mechanism) through
nozzles or conical apertures, and delivered on to the ordinary feeding table
with apron and carrying rollers.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention. I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the
aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the parts of
mechanisni above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure is an elevation of the apparatus; Figure 2 is a vertical section of
the same; Figure 3 is a plan or horizontal view of the bottom of the grinding
cone detached; Figure 4 is a similar view of the bed or foundation. with the
boxes shewn by dotted lines; and Figure 5 is a section of one of the boxes.
In these several Figures the same letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts.
A. A. is the outer casing, which may be of the form represented, or of any
other convenient form; this casing is supported by the bed or foundation
frame B. which also may be varied in form; C is the hopper, connected to the
case, as shewn; D is the central inner shaft, driven by bevil gear D' from any
suitable prime mover: D is the outer shaft surrounding D'; this shaft, and
the cone attached to it, are adjustable as to their elevation by means of loose
collars E. E', and an adjusting screw at top, and an adjusting screw F at
bottom, by which the step in which the inner shaft turns may be raised or
lowered as required. Instead, however. of using two shafts, 1 may dispense
with the inner shaft, and use but one central shaft, which in such case will be
continued through the cone, and rotate in the step at base thereof. G. G.
are knives or cutting blades spirally arranged on the shaft, and there may be
also stationary knives fixed inside the hopper. but these are not shewn; II is
a hollow cone, fixed to the outer shaft D; this cone is furnished with knives
or cutting blades I on its outer periphery, and is provided at its lower part
with the crushing surface pieces K before mentioned. and which are intended
to act upon the stones or hard lumps in the clay or material pressed between
them and the stationary surface pieces I fixed to the interior of the case,
this crushing operation or process being preparatory to the grinding action.
which follows, and which takes place between the two succeeding plain
surfaces K', L'.

page_text: The object in adjusting the elevation of the shaft and the cone thereupon is
the regulation of the required distance between each crushing surface and
each grinding surface.
M, M, are apertures in the cone H, through which some of the finer portions
of the clay or material under treatment may pass from the case A into the
cone H these apertures may be varied in number and size as required: but
I may not in all cases provide the cone with these apertures. N, N, are knives
or cutting blades on the lower part of the interval shaft D; and 0, 0, are
scrapers fixed to arms at the bottom of the cone H for the purpose of collecting
and facilitating the passage of the material to the boxes P1, P1; 01, 0', are
pressing knives for still further facilitating the passage of the material. In
the boxes P1, P', are pistons Q. Q, worked by discs and connecting rods R, R.
by means of which pistons the clay or other material is pressed forward through
the nozzles or conical outlets S, S, on to the ordinary feeding table T.
The operation of the mechanism is as follows:-On the clay or other material
being introduced into the hopper C, and the shaft D sei in motion, the clay
or other material will be operated upon by the knives or cutting blades G, G,
within the hopper, and worked forward to the case A, when it will be further
operated upon by the knives or cutting blades I, I, when some of the finer
portions of the clay or material under treatment will be caused to enter the
hollow cone H through the apertures M, M, and become further. operated
upon by the knives N, N; the remainder of the clay or other material.
including the coarser portions and harder materials, such as stones and hard
lumps, passing between the surface pieces K and L, and becoming reduced or
crushed as required, as before described; the material under treatment then
descends to the plain surfaces K and L', where it is finally ground. The
clay or other material being thus worked, crushed, and ground, is caused to
pass through apertures P, P, into the boxes P1, P', whence it is discharged
by the pressure of the pistons Q. Q, through the nozzles or conical outlets S, S,
and deposited on the feeding table T in the plastic condition required.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would remark that the Invention is not
confined to the form of the case represented, nor to mechanism adapted to
work vertically, as it may be arranged so as to work horizontally; but I
hereby declare that what I claim as my Invention is, the combination of parts
of mechanism or apparatus consisting of a central revolving portion with
knives or cutting blades and crushing surfaces (convex and concave) and
grinding surfaces, together with other parts, whereby the clay or other material

page_text: under treatment is worked and ground, and eventually delivered on to the
ordinary feeding table, in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Armytage Wade, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
JAMES STEVENSON,
19, Salisbury Street,
Strand.
JOSEPH ARMYTAGE WADE. (L.S.)