NEW-INVENTED MACHINE OR
Year: 1778

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, JOHN TALBOT,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, File Smith, sends greeting.
WHEREAS the King's most Excellent Majesty, by Letters Patent under.
the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Third day of June last,
gave and granted unto the said John Talbot, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, His Majesty's special licence, full power and authority, and sole
priviledge for for the said John Talbot, his executors, admors, or assigns, and
every of them, by himself or themselves, or by his or their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such other as he, the said John Talbot, his executors,.
admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, to make, use,
exercise, and vend his "NEW-INVENTED MACHINE OR ENGINE TO BE USED IN THE
WORKING OF STEEL, IRON, BRASS, OB COPPER, HOT OR COLD, IN A MORE EXPEDITIOUS
MANNER THAN HERETOFORE HAD BEEN KNOWN;" to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy
the licence, power, privileges, and advantages to the said John Talbot, his
executors, adñiors, and assigns, for the term of fourteen years from the date of
the said Letters Patent next immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat and
ended according to the Statute in that case made and provided; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if the said John Talbot should not
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
his hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in the High Court of
Chancery within four calender months next ensuing the date of the said
Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties, privileges,

page_text: and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine,
and become void.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Talbot, in compliance with and
in pursuance of the said proviso in the said Letters Patent contained, do
hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention or New-invented Machine
or Engine to be used in the Working of Steel, Iron, Copper, Brass, or any
other Metal, Hot or Cold, in a more Expeditious Manner than heretofore has
been known, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is as
follows (that is to say):-
The said machine or engine (which is principally constructed for taking the
outward coat or crust off any sort of metal, but may be applied to various other
uses) consists of a strong wood frame, in which is fixed a round perpendicular
wheel or cutter about thirty inches high, more or less, which may be made of
wood or any other solid material, and is cased with steel, iron, brass, or any
other hard metal, or which can be sufficiently hardened, on which is raised a
tooth which, if designed for hot work, is about five inches broad, more or less,
and about a quarter of an inch distant from each other, and is raised as a"
malt mill tooth. But if intended for cold work, the tooth is then raised the
same as a common file or file float, according to the nature of the work,
whether it requires to be heated by fire or not; in the centre of which wheel
or cutter is fixt an axletree or spindle, on which it is turned, and which said
spindle rests at each end upon the said wood frame, over which said wheel or
cutter is placed an iron roller with two checks or collars about five inches high,
which compasses each side of the said wheel or cutter, and prevents the work
from falling off; the said roller turns upon an iron spindle, the ends whereof
rest and turns in two staples, but projects at both ends on the said wood frame
in order to assist the raising and falling of the said roller from or near to the
said wheel or cutter to any degree required, according to the thickness of the
work intended to be placed between the said roller and cutter by the help of
an iron lever, which is forked and divided at one end to receive the spindle,
and which plays in the divided sides of the said lever, the single end of which
lever is carried through or betwixt a perpendicular double frame, the inward
frame of iron and the outward frame of wood, the upper end of which said
iron frame is a screw, and passes through a staple, and is raised to any degree
by means of an screw or nutt, each side of which said iron frame is the said
perpendicular wood frame, and over the said wood frame is a pully with a
string and weight to assist in raising or falling of the said roller, and thereby
diminish the pressure of the said roller on the work as occasion requires. The
said wood frame (which contains the said wheel or cutter, roller, and the other

page_text: either of wood or any metal, the
principal parts of the said machine or engine), is about three feet high and
four feet long, but may be made to any other size or form or of any solid
material, is rather inclined to a square form, somewhat like a grindstone frame.
The said wheel or cutter may be made to any size, the casting whereof is fixed
on with screws, and may be made of any metal that is sufficiently hard of
itself or can be harden'd after the said tooth is raised. The said roller may
likewise be made any size, according to the size of the said wheel or cutter,
and in the proportion above described. The said cheeks or collars of the
roller are about an inch and a half high, which help to guide the work close
to the edge of the cutter, by which contrivance more work may be done and
less repairs are required to the cutter. The said roller may either turn upon
or with its spindle, and continues moving backwards and forwards as the
friction of the work against it inclines it. The lever is about three feet six
inches long, but may be made of any size,
single end thereof passes thro' the perpendicular iron frame and draws in and
sets the roller at a proper distance from, the cutter, and thereby prevents its
falling on the cutter. The outward perpendicular frame may be made of wood
or any other solid materials, and the inward frame is about three feet and six
inches high and nine inches round at each end; the same is made of iron but
may be made of any size or other metal. A cross barr is put withinside the
outward perpendicular frame, with a hole through it, to receive the bottom pin
or end of the inner frame, on which both that and the single end of the lever
occasionally rests. Near the top of the inner frame is a plate of iron with a
hole to receive the male screw end of the said frame in order to draw up the
lever and roller to any degree by the help of a female screw or. nutt placed
above, as before described. If the roller and lever is too heavy upon the
work a small cord is to be fasten'd to the single end of the lever, and be put
over a pully fixt above it, and a weight must be tyed to the end of the cord
sufficient to ballance the weight upon the work, or if the weight upon the
work is deficient a proper weight must be fixt on the single end of the lever,
by which the pressure of one man may be made equal to twenty men or more.
The said machine or engine may be used together with or seperate from a
grindstone, polishing wheel, or any other mechanic engine acting on the like
principal, and may be worked or turn'd by one man or more, horse or horses,
by wind or by water, with pedals, treadles, or like any grindstone, or by any
sort of millwork. By the above machine more than twice as much work may
be done in the several branches of cutting and polishing or working of metals
than formerly have been done in the same time. Great part of the perfection
of this machine or engine lies in the construction of the roller and lever by

page_text: ixing the roller in one end of the lever so as to turn to and fro' with the work
t the same instant of time that it is raising and falling according as the work
ncreases or decreases more or less in thickness.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this Twenty-
second day of September, One thousand seven hundred and seventy-
eight.
Inrolled the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the year above mentioned.