CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bernoulli Barlow, of the City of Manchester,
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."-A communication from abroad by Alexander Frey, of New
York, in the United States of America, Manufacturer.
Sealed the 11th September 1863, and dated the 13th March 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1863.
I, HENRY BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a communication to me from abroad by
Alexander Frey, of New York, in the United States of America, Manufacturer,
to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in supporting the bobbins or cops con-
taining the yarn or thread of which the warp is composed in a creel or on
spindles fixed on a board placed at the back of and forming part of the loom.
The warp threads are guided by a plate with perforations or rack teeth or a
reed, and they are sized and dressed by passing through a sizing trough and
revolving brushes before they are taken to the healds. The Invention also
consists in making the warp threads and the fabric, when woven, pass between
rollers covered with india-rubber or other suitable material, and in imparting
an equal motion to both pair of rollers, either by an endless chain and toothed
wheels or by toothed gearing, so as to keep the delivery of the warp and the
take up of the fabric uniform.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BERNOULLI BARLOW, of the City of Manchester, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of March in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, Her special license that I, the said Henry
Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," a communication to me
from abroad by Alexander Frey, of New York, in the United States of
America, Manufacturer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say) :-
The nature of this Invention consists in supporting the bobbins containing
the warp yarns or threads by a plate connected to or forming part of the loom,
and in guiding the said warp threads direct to the loom, whereby facility is
afforded in piecing up a broken end; and also in sizing and dressing the warp
before it passes through the healds; and in an improved arrangement of parts
for giving off or delivering the warps and for taking up the woven fabric.
And in order that this Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a loom constructed according to my
improvements; Figure 2 is a front elevation of the same; Figure 3 is an end
elevation; Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, are detached views of parts of the
same.
A is the framing of the loom; a is a plate for supporting the bobbins con-
taining the yarn or thread for the warp; the plate a is in a slanting position,.
and the bobbins are placed in regular rows, as shewn in Figure 5. Each
warp thread passes through a hook a' fixed in the rods a*, supported by the.
studs a, see Figure 4; as each hook is in line with a bobbin it is evident the
bobbins will be unwound regularly. The warp threads pass through the
plate b, supported by the upright b¹; the plate 6 may have the requisite
number of holes for the warp threads, or a rack or a comb may be used,
as shewn in Figures 6, 7, and .8%; the threads are thus kept separate,
and if one breaks it can easily be pieced up without loss of time, whereas in
ordinary looms, when a warp thread breaks the loom has to be stopped to
repair it. From the plate 6 the warp threads pass between the unwinding
rollers d, d, which are covered with india-rubber, leather, felt, or other suitable
substance to give the requisite friction, or they may be grooved or fluted and
covered with cloth. The warp passes under the lower roller d, and then
between the two rollers d, d, from whence it is taken to the sizing and dressing
apparatus, consisting of the guide rollers v, v, the sizing roller v', which
revolves in the size trough 12, and the two roller brushes w, w; these brushes
remove the excess of size from the warp threads, and the fan x dries them
before they enter the healds o, o. The fan is driven by the pinion x¹, see:
Figure 3. From the healds the warp passes through the reed of the lay and
thence to the breast beam e in the usual manner; the woven fabric is taken up.
by the rollers g, g, and deposited in a receptacle h. The taking up rollers g
are similar to the unwinding rollers d; the upper roller of each pair revolves
in stationary bearings, and they are turned round simultaneously by the
chain 2 passing over the chain pulleys 1, 1, or by toothed wheels if preferred..
Each chain pulley is connected to its roller by a set screw m³, which can be
slackened when required to change the position of the roller for tightening the
warp. The lower rollers revolve in bearings i fixed to the framing A ; the
set screws 3 in the bearings are to press the rollers together. As the fabric
is woven and at each stroke of the batten the taking up rollers are moved by
the link 30, see Figure 3, connected at one end to the lay sword and at the
other to the suspended lever 31, to which is jointed the catch 32, taking into
the teeth of the ratchet wheel 33; the fabric is thus taken up as fast as it is
woven by the rollers g, g, and the warp is delivered at the same speed by the

page_text: rollers d. The tappet shaft. 1. transmits motion by the tappets m to the
treadles n and healds o, which are made in the usual manner. The lay q is
connected to the lay swords q', which are worked by cranks or eccentrics.on
the shaft r. The shafts and are connected by the wheels and r¹, and the
latter is driven by strap and pulleys as usual. The picking motion consists of
the picking sticks s*, actuated by the levers, on the tappet shaft 1. The
bowls on the levers & act on the wipers ³, fixed to the vibrating shafts s'; to
each wiper is cast a lever s³, connected by the links 8 to the picking sticks.
The shuttle in passing from one shuttle box s to the other acts on a stud 18,
against which press the springs 19, acting on the bent arms 20, fixed to the
stop rod 21, connected as usual to the batten. The stop rod 21 has the
usual stop finger 22 for acting on the slide or frog 23 and spring starting
lever 24, when the shuttle fails to box. The length of fabric woven is
measured and indicated by the worm 15 on the axle of the top roller g gearing
into the wheel y, which is furnished with a dial 14. The circumference of
the roller is fixed to one-fourth part of a yard or other determined length.
By means of these improvements the ordinary operations of winding and
warping are dispensed with, the warp threads passing directly from the
bobbins to the loom at a uniform tension, thus ensuring great regularity in the
work produced.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of the Invention, as com-
municated to me by Alexander Frey, I declare that I claim,―
First, the general arrangement and combination of the parts forming the
loom and the apparatus for supporting and sizing the warp threads.
Secondly, the application of the plate a or other equivalent for supporting
the bobbins containing the yarn for the warp.
Thirdly, the combination of the plate a with the guide rail b; and,
Fourthly, the combining or connecting the rollers d and g (either fluted or
plain and covered with suitable materials) by means of the chain 2 or other
equivalent, so as to impart the same speed to the warp as to the fabric.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bernoulli Barlow, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
H. B. BARLOW. (L.S.)