Improvements in Steam and other Bollers.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 6th Nov., 1891-1ccepted, 17th Sept., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam and other Bollers.
We, JOSÉ BAXERES ALZUGARAY, Engineer, JOSÉ DIAZ BENJUMEA, Mining
Engineer, and José BAXERES TORRES, Engineer, all of 70 and 71 Bishopsgate
Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
--
This invention relates to steam generators and boilers for heating water for
various purposes, and we will describe it as when employed as a steam generator.
The boiler may be preferably made vertical or horizontal, the principle of construc-
tion being similar in all cases.
As a vertical boiler it comprises the following features. Starting from the
vertical central line we have first the chimney which may consist of a simple round
flue preferably of much smaller diameter in proportion to the capacity of the boiler
than is customary. At the bottom of this flue are openings communicating with
the exterior of a spiral which extends from near the bottom to near the top of the
boiler. Outside this spiral is another similar but larger and concentric spiral the
space between the two spirals constituting the water space of the boiler; at its
lower end the outside of this outer spiral communicates with the fire box which
may with advantage be placed below the boiler so that the heated gases and
products of combustion as they rise, from the fire chamber enter the outside spiral
pass spirally up to the top of the boiler then spirally down to the bottom by the
inside spiral and then enter the chimney or flue and pass off to the atmosphere.
The outer spiral is surrounded by a tubular shell of sufficient strength to stand
the pressure of the boiler and this tube which is concentric with the spirals has
outside it another similar but somewhat larger tube also concentric and thus
leaving an annular space between the two shells; this space is intended to be the
steam space although owing to the immediate contact of the inner of these two
shells with the heated gases from the furnace it is not a matter of practical
importance if saturated steam or water should enter this annular steam spacc.
Outside the outer shell just described is another shell which may be made of
thinner plate and outside this again is yet another similar shell but larger so as to
leave an annular space between these two outer and thinner shells; the space
between these two last described thinner shells is intended to contain the feed water
or any water which it is desired to heat independently of the water contained in
the boiler proper. A small annular space is preferably left between the inner-
most of the water shell and the outermost of the steam shell the air in which would
form: a useful non-conductor. The amount of space left between these two plates
may be varied according to the temperature at which it is desired to maintain the
feed water, or if desired asbestos, slag-wool or other suitable material may be
placed in this space so as to adjust the temperature to what may be required. In
this space also we preferably place metal bands which surround the shell of the
steam space thus imparting additional strength thereto if required. The annular
steam space is preferably closed at top and bottom by solid metal rings through
which and the two plates pass bolts having by preference heads countersunk into
the inner plate and bearing nuts which are in the air space between the steam and
water shells.
The fire box may be of any suitable construction preferably for the boiler above
described circular and of the same diameter as the outer water shell and provided
with fire bars and if necessary a bridge in any suitable and well known manner.
This fire box is covered in for the outer portion of its upper surface by an annular
plate the central portion being covered by a circular plate forming the bottom of

page_text: the outer spiral, an annular space being thus left between these two plates by which
space the gases and products of combustion escape.
The annular water chamber above described preferably terminates in a circular
chamber forming the top of the whole structure the outer plate of the annular
water chamber being carried up higher than the inner one and suitable top and
bottom being provided to the top chamber. The bottom of this chamber will thus
form the top of the flue space of the interior of the boiler; the central flue or
chimney passes up through the centre of this upper water chamber. One or more
pipes to carry the safety valve steam valve and so forth may be suitably arranged
as from the side of the outer spiral at or near the top and extending upwards
through the upper water chamber. Pipes for the steam and water gauges may be
arranged in any convenient manner preferably from the outer rings of the outer
spiral passing through solid metal blocks in the steam space into which they
may be screwed and thus be strengthened and protected from corrosion. Jacket
tubes may also surround these pipes as they pass through the outer water space.
Mud holes and man-holes may be provided where required for access to the
various parts of the boiler and one or more blow-off pipes for the removal of
sediment may with advantage be connected with the lower part of the boiler.
The spirals may be constructed in any suitable manner and of any suitable
materials but for various reasons steel castings are found to be not inappropriate
and may be bolted or rivetted together in the required manner.
Or where prac-
ticable the spirals may be cast complete.
By the arrangement above described the boiler can be readily taken to pieces all
that is necessary being to remove the fittings and pipes when the water chamber
can be withdrawn after which the spirals can be also lifted completely out of the
boiler which would then consist of the steam chamber.
It is preferred to close in the ash pit under the fire bars providing it with a
door or doors for the removal of the ashes and also with hit-and-miss or other
ventilators or air openings for the regulation of the draught. Or forced draught
may be employed if required either by the application of compressed air to the ash
pit, by a jet in the chimney or by suction in the chimney as may be required.
In applying this invention to the horizontal type of boiler the chief features are
the same as those already described and the horizontal boiler may be generally
considered as the vertical boiler laid on its side. The chimney however instead of
extending from the boiler horizontaliy would preferably be carried up vertically
at right angles to the axis of the boiler and may be provided with any required
bends in the feed water chamber so as to further extract any heat which may
remain in the gases as they leave the boiler. Sediment or wash-out pipes may
with advantage be connected to the lowest portion of each of the spirals and
may be all connected with one pipe and cock so as to clear them all, or have
separate pipes and cocks as required.
A convenient way of arranging this horizontal boiler however is to extend the
inner spiral at one end of the boiler and surround this with a suitable fire box
which would preferably be of the locomotive or ordinary portable type, suitable
pipes for the steam and water gauges safety valves and for carrying off the steam
would be arranged in any convenient manner as also the necessary mud holes and
man-holes.
In taking this boiler to pieces it would be convenient to remove the fire box or a
portion thereof and the fittings as in the former case and then withdraw the spiral
horizontally leaving the steam and water chambers behind; afterwards the steam
chaniber can be withdrawn if necessary leaving only the water chamber the whole
of the parts of the boiler being thus readily got at.
All these boilers may be composed of any suitable materials whether steel cast
iron cast steel or iron copper or the like but it is generally preferred to employ
either nickel or nickel-covered plates in their construction.
In connection with the feed water space where it is not desired to have the
temperature exceeding 212 degrees an opening may be provided in any suitable

page_text: part and having a simple lid which would rise upon the accumulation of steam
pressure.
Where this boiler was intended to be employed only for heating water the steam
and feed water spaces may be dispensed with, the boiler then consisting substan-
tially of the spirals and a surrounding shell. The boiler may also be used for
compound purposes as for instance for domestic purposes where it might be
employed to provide steam for a motive power engine, to heat water for general
use in the building, to heat the building either by the circulation of steam or water
or by carrying the effluent gases from the chimney through suitable flues for this
purpose.
Dated this 25th day of September 1891
W. P. THOMPSON & BOULT,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam and other Boilers.
We, JOSÉ BAXERES ALZUGARAY, Engineer, JOSÉ DIAZ BENJUMEA, Engineer,
and JOSE BAXERES TORRES, Engineer, all of 85 Arlington Street, London, N.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to steam generators and boilers for heating water for
various purposes, and we will describe it as when employed as a steam generator.
The boiler may be preferably made vertical or horizontal the principle of construc-
tion being similar in all cases.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of an upright boiler constructed according to our
invention, a portion of the interior being shown in elevation.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a locomotive type of boiler constructed accord-
ing to our invention.
Fig. 3 is a modification of Fig. 2 and
Fig. 4 is a modification applicable to any of the forms of boiler constructed
according to this invention.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
In Fig. 1 the boiler proper is shown with the outer shell consisting of a hollow
worm A of a flanged channel section, rivetted to a spiral plate A' and the inner
shell of a hollow or channelled worm B rivetted to a spiral plate B¹, the directions
of the inner and outer spirals being opposite. These two shells are secured together
at their upper ends by bolts and nuts C which pass through the said shells and
through the ring D between them, the two annular joints between this ring and
inner and outer shells being made in any suitable manner which will admit of said
parts being readily separated for cleaning, repairing or other purposes. The lower
end of the worm A is closed-in by a flanged disc or plate A2 and the lower end of
the worm B is similarly closed-in by a smaller flanged disc or plate B2 which are
respectively rivetted to the spiral plates A and B'. The worm A is provided with
one or more mud-holes and covers A³ and openings such as A' for the connection
of a gauge-glass E, gauge-cocks E' and other of the usual boiler fittings.
All the before described apparatus for convenience is hereinafter collectively
referred to as the boiler A.
F is the fire-box over which the boiler is supported by brackets F¹ and the upper
part of which is partially closed-in by an annular cover or roof-plate F* the central
opening through which preferably corresponds in diameter with that of the outside
of the worm A. The boiler plate A is perforated at A³ for the connection of the
blow-off pipe A..
The chimney or flue G consists of a tube the external diameter of which

page_text: corresponds with the internal diameter of the worm B and which at its lower end
rests on the plate 13 and is provided with openings G' and at its upper end is open
or connected with any suitable flue or chimney stack.
H is an annular chamber constructed of inner and outer cylindrical walls H¹ H*
secured together at their upper and lower ends by bolts and nuts H³ passing 5
radially through rings H the joints between these rings and walls H'H' being
similar to those of the ring D already described, the bolts in both cases being
inserted from the inside and countersunk so as not to interfere with the passage of
the worms A and B when being removed or replaced.
The inner wall H₁ fits tightly around the worm A. H³ are hollow bosses 1
extending across chamber H and tightly secured by countersunk bolts and nuts to
the walls H' H' for the passage of the connecting tubes E' of the gauge glass E
and other boiler fittings. H are strengthening bands encircling the outer wall H³.
The chamber H is shown supported on the fire-box cover-plate F2 and at
its upper part its interior is placed in communication with the interior of the 1
boiler A by a pipe J connecting openings through the wall H2 and spiral plate A'.
Jis a vertical branch of pipe which projects upwards and on its upper end has
fitted a safety valve J' and from which pipe J' the steam from the boiler may be
taken off.
K is a closed chamber which covers in the boiler A and chamber H and extends 2
down to the fire-box F on which it is supported. Between the chambers H and K
is left a space to contain air or through which air may be circulated or which
may be filled with lagging or equivalent material to prevent the too great radiation
of heat between the said chambers and if necessary to prevent over-heating of the
feed water contained in K.
The chamber K is provided with sleeves K' at the parts where the pipes E³ G
and J and pipes connecting with openings A traverse it and all parts are
otherwise so arranged as to make the chamber. K water-tight and allow of the
pipes Es being withdrawn and the safety valve J' removed from pipe J' so that
the chamber K may be raised bodily upwards when it is desired to have access to
the boiler A or chamber H or take said boiler or chamber to pieces.
K2 is a lid fitting loosely into or upon an opening in the top of chamber K and
which prevents the accumulation of pressure in said chamber by rising and allowing
of the free escape of steam.
In operation the parts A A' B and B' constitute the boiler proper, the
chamber H constitutes the steam space and the chamber K constitutes the feed
water tank which is fitted with any suitable pump or injector and connections for
withdrawing the water from chamber K and forcing it into the boiler A. The
spaces between the external adjacent convolutions of the worms A and B constitute
spiral flues herein respectively referred to as A' and 137.
The products of combustion from the fire in fire-box Fenter the flue A' through
the annular opening between the inner edge of F and boiler shell A' and pass
upwards in a serpentine path round and round the outside of boiler A through the
spiral flue A until they reach the upper end of the boiler at which part they
impinge against the plate K³ of feed water tank K and by the draught are drawn
down into the flue B7 as indicated by the arrow in Fig. 1. In this flue they
descend in a serpentine path until they reach the openings G through which, as
indicated by the arrows the said products of combustion pass into the uptake G by
which they are conducted away.
In taking this boiler to pieces the fittings are disconnected the water tank K
and steam chamber H lifted off and then by removing the ring D the
worms A and B can be separated and the whole structure is then in pieces.
The construction of the horizontal boiler shown in Fig. 2 is generally similar to
that of the vertical boiler before described, as is indicated by the similarity of the
reference letters used to indicate the various parts and only the essential features
of difference will therefore be now described.
In this example the shell A¹ of the boiler extends as far as the fire-box front Fª

page_text: and the circular plate or disc A* which closes-in said shell is both secured to the
front by bolts F and tied to the plate or dise B by tie bolts and nuts F. The
plate A might in this case be dispensed with and A₁ bolted direct to a continuous
plate F; but for convenience of taking the boiler to pieces the arrangement shown
in the drawing is preferred. The shell A' at this part is embraced by a band A8
for strengthening it and at this part it is also completely surrounded by the fire in
the fire-box F.
The blow-off pipe A is connected by a number of detachable branches A" with
all of the convolutions of the worm A so that the sediment may be withdrawn from
the boiler. The safety valve J' instead of being connected with the pipe J (which
in this example only serves for connecting the upper part of the boiler A with the
steam chamber H) is connected by a short trunk J³ to the upper part of the steam
chamber H. The flue pipe G before reaching the funnel I dips down at G³ so that
the escape of the heated products of combustion may be delayed at this part so as
to give up more of their heat to the surrounding feed water in the chamber K.
K' are tie bolts for securing the plate K³ to plate K³.
Each of the convolutions A can be connected at their upper part by an opening
or short tube with the chamber H, but as this would involve the making and
breaking of many joints, in putting the boiler together or taking it apart, the
arrangement shown in the figure is preferred.
In taking this boiler to pieces it would be convenient to remove the fire-box or a
portion thereof and the fittings as in the foriner case and then withdraw the spiral
horizontally leaving the steam and water chambers behind; afterwards the steam
chamber can be withdrawn if necessary leaving only the water-chamber the whole
of the parts of the boiler being thus readily got at.
All these boilers may be composed of any suitable material whether steel,
cast iron, cast steel or iron, copper or the like but it is generally preferred to
employ either nickel or nickel covered plates in their construction, though for the
spirals steel castings for various reasons are found to be not inappropriate and may
be bolted or rivetted together in the required manner. Or where practicable the
spirals may be cast complete.
The boiler shown in Fig. 3 is constructed with a series of tubes M after the
manner of an ordinary multitubular boiler in place of the inner worm B
and the products of combustion pass directly from the fire-box Finto these
tubes and through them reach the smoke-box M. From this box the draught
draws the products of combustion into the spiral flue A' and causes them in passing
through said flue to take a serpentine path around the outside of the boiler until
they reach the fire-box end of flue A' at which part they pass off through a pipe M³
which extends across the steam chamber H and through the feed water tank K to
the funnel or chimney L. In this diagram (Fig. 3) the boiler and steam space H
are shown as in communication through an opening J but this if desired may be
arranged as in the preceding examples. In respects other than those last
mentioned the boiler shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3 may be similar to that
shown in Fig. 2.
If desired the parallel walls of the worms A and B may be corrugated as
shown in Figure 4 so as to increase the heating surface of the boiler.
The space H instead of being used for steam may if desired be used as a water
chamber.
It is preferred to close in the ash-pit under the fire-bars providing it with a door
or doors for the removal of the ashes and also with hit-and-miss or other ventilators
or air openings N for the regulation of the draught. Or forced draught may be
employed if required either by the application of compressed air to the ash-pit, by
a jet in the chimney or by suction in the chimney as may be required.
Where this boiler is intended to be employed only for heating water the steam
and feed water spaces may be dispensed with, the boiler then consisting substantially
of the spirals and a surrounding shell. The boiler may also be used for compound
purposes as for instance for domestic purposes where it might be employed to

page_text: provide steam for a motive power engine, to heat water for general use in the
building, to heat the building either by the circulation of steam or water or by
carrying the effluent gases from the chimney through suitable flues for this
purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination with a boiler having an externally projecting hollow worm
such as A of a chamber such as H closely surrounding said worm and connected
with said boiler substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
2. The combination with a boiler having externally and internally projecting
hollow worms such as A B of a chamber such as H closely surrounding the worm A
and connected with the boiler substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
3. The combination with a boiler having an externally projecting hollow worm
such as A and a chamber such as H closely surrounding it of a chamber or
tank such as K substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
4. The combination with a boiler having externally and internally projecting
hollow worms such as A B and a chamber such as H closely surrounding the
worm A. of a chamber or tank such as K substantially as described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
5. In a boiler the combination with a number of tubes M for conveying the
products of combustion directly from the fire-box to the smoke-box of a spiral
return flue such as A' substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 3 of
the accompanying drawings.
6. The combination in the same boiler of externally and internally projecting
hollow worms such as A and B substantially as described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
7. The combination with a boiler of a hollow worm having its parallel sides
corrugated substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete boiler
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
9. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete boiler
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
10. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the complete boiler
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 5th day of November 1901
.
JOSÉ BAXERES ALZUGARAY.
JOSÉ DIAZ BENJUMEA.
JOSÉ BAXERES TORRES.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants.
JOSÉ BAXERES ALZUGARAY.
JOSE DIAZ BENJUMEA.
JOSÉ BAXERES TORRES.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicants.