Improvements in and in connection with Appliances for Heating or Cooling Fluids.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Aug 1906
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1897-Accepted, 10th July, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1897-Accepted, 10th July, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Appliances for Heating
or Cooling Fluids.
I, FRANKLIN DAVID CUMMER, of 1051, East Madison Avenue, in the City of
Cleveland and County of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio, one of the l'uited States of
America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus capable of being adapted for use in heating,
cooling or condensing fluids; the principle of construction being particularly
applicable to radiators intended for employment in heating air or other gas to be
subsequently applied in drying materials. Its character is moreover such as to
combine elliciency with economy, to afford great facility in erection, and to admit
of a large operative surface being presented within a comparatively small space.
Assuming my invention to be applied, by way of example, in the construction
of a radiator, the apparatus consists for the most part of corrugated plates disposed
in pairs and arranged with their corrugations ridge to ridge, the spaces between
these points of contact forming tubes approximately circular in cross section. In
building up such sections to form a radiator, I place them at a suitable distance
apart and preferably in such a manner in relation to one another that the pro-
minent parts or ridges on the face of one section are opposite the hollow parts or
furrows in the face of the next adjoining section. Under these circumstances, the
passage between any two adjacent sections, transverse to the direction of the
corrugations, is of a serpentine or sinuous character, and uniform in sectional
area. The sections are retained at their proper distances apart by means of
suitably shaped distance pieces: packing, such as asbestos rope, laid in grooves,
or asbestos mill-board corrugated to correspond with the form of the plates, or a
suitable cement, being employed to make the joints between the plates and the
distance pieces air and gas-tight. Each of the distance pieces at the bottom of
the radiator is furnished on its inner side with a serpentine or sinuous rib or
projection which serves to strengthen the radiator at that part and to afford in-
creased radiating surface. Should the heat at this part become excessive, and so
endanger the structure, these ribs, as well as the securing bolts which pass through
then, being disposed in the passage where they are exposed to the comparatively
cool air, will be practically unaffected. After the plates composing the sections
have been put together, it is advantageous to plunge them in a galvanizing bath
with the object, amongst others, of closing crevices.
According to the power the radiator is required to develop a sufficient number
of units, constructed as above described, are grouped together and connected by
through bolts.
In using a radiator of the kind above described for heating air, the hot gases,
or other heat-convoying medium may pass through the tubes, whilst the air to be
heated passes through the serpentine passages formed between the sections in a
direction at right angles to that of the heat-conveying medium. The flow of the
air may be under the influence of natural draught, or, it may be forced or drawn

page_text: through the said passages by means of a fan or exhauster. If preferred the air
to be heated may pass through the tubes, while the heated gases pass through the
serpentine passages.
In order to regulate the flow of the hot gases or heat-conveying agent through
the .ubes, their extremities at one or the other end may be covered by plates formed
with orifices corresponding preferably in position and size with those of the tubes;
such plates being capable of adjustment so as to expose the full bore or less than
the full bore of each tube.
In order to regulate the flow through the passages of the air to be heated, I
provide the radiator with louvres or equivalent appliances, so that, when the
volume of the air or gases is comparatively small, the louvres may be partially
closed and the current of air or heating agent evenly distributed throughout the
whole radiator, instead of being allowed to take the shortest route or follow the path
of least resistance. The louvres on each side may be pivoted to a har; the bars
being connected with suitable means for effecting the simultaneous opening or
closing of the louvres.
When passing hot fire gases through the radiator, it sometimes happens that
condensation takes place within the tubes, and this, when using certain descrip-
tions of coal or fuel, causes a deposit to be formed in them for a short distance
from their lower extremities. This deposit is of slow formation, but, in order
to facilitate its reinoval, I apply in the lower extremities of the tubes short lengths
of tubing; same retaining their positions by frictional contact with the inner sides
of the tubes. These short pipes may, when founa desirable, be readily removed
by means of a suitably formed instrument, such as a bar with a hook-shaped
extremity, another set or short pipes being substituted; those removed being
cleaned at leisure and stored for future use.
Instead of using distance pieces, the ends of each section may be formed or
provided with flanges, the same being secured at the requisite distance apart, by
means of bolts or rivets, to perforated end-plates.
The corrugated plates may be formed with V-shaped ridges and furrows; and,
in building up the sections, the ridges and furrows whether curve or angular may
be arranged so that the ridges on the face of one section are not aligned with the
furrows of the next adjoining section.
Instead of arranging the corrugated plates so as to form tubes, they may be
arranged to form passages in both directions; longitudinal distance pieces being
employed to maintain the plates at their proper distances apart in addition to the
transverse distance piece: previously alluded to.
Although I have described my invention with special reference to its appli-
cation in the construction of a radiator adapted for heating air, it will be obvious
that apparatus constructed on the same principle may be employed in cooling or
condensing gases or liquids, apart from whether the heat supplying or absorbing
agent traverse the tubes or the passages between them.
190
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Appliances for Heating
or Cooling Fluids.
I, FRANKLIN DAVID CUMMER, of 1051, East Madison Avenue, in the City of 5
Cleveland and County of Cuyahoga, State of Ohio, One of the United States

page_text: of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus capable of being adapted for use in heating,
cooling or condensing fuids; the principle of construction being particularly
applicable to radiators intended for employment in heating air or other gas to be
subsequently applied in drying materials. Its character is moreover such as to
combine efficiency with economy, to afford great facility in erection, and to admit
of a large operative surface being presented within a comparatively small space.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the application of my invention in the
construction of a radiator and of the means I adopt for regulating the flow of
the heating agent and of the air to be heated. Fig. 1 is an elevation of a radiator
adapted for employment (by way of example) in heating air to he subsequently
applied in drying materials of various kinds, or in warming and ventilating
apartments or buildings. Fig. 2 being an end elevation and Fig. 3 a plan.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are respectively similar but fractional views showing an alternative
mode of construction.
The radiator is composed for the most part of corrugated plates a disposed in
pairs and arranged with their corrugations ridge to ridge, the spaces a' between
these points of contact forming tubes approximately circular in cross section. In
building up such sections to form a radiator, I place them at a suitable distance
apart and preferably in such a manner in relation to one another that the pro-
minent parts or ridges on the face of one section are opposite the hollow parts or
furrows in the face of the next adjoining section. Under these circumstances, the
passage between any two adjacent seotions, transverse to the direction of the
corrugations, is of a serpentine or sinuous character, and uniform in sectional area.
The sections are retained at their proper distances apart by means of suitably
shaped distance pieces e c¹; packing d, such as asbestos rope, laid in grooves, or
asbestos mill-board corrugated to correspond with the form of the plates, or a
suitable cement, being employed to make the joints between the plates and the
distance pieces air- and gas-tight. Each of the distance pieces at the bottom
of the radiator is furnished on its inner side with a serpentine or sinuous rib or
projection which serves to strengthen the radiator at that part and to afford
increased radiating surface. Should the heat at this part become excessive, and
so endanger the structure, these ribs &, as well as the securing bolts e which pass
through them, being disposed in the passage where they are exposed to the
comparatively cool air, will be practically unaffected. After the plates composing
the sections have been put together, it is advantageous to plunge them in a
galvanizing bath with the object, amongst others, of closing crevices. According to
the power the radiator is required to develop, a sufficient number of units,
coustructed as above described, are grouped together and connected by through
bolts.
In using a radiator of the kind above described for heating air, the hot gases, or
other heat-conveying agents may pass through the tubes a in the direction of the
arrows A, whilst the air to be heated passes through the serpentine passages b
formed between the sections in a direction at right angles as indicated by the
arrows B. The flow of the air may be under the influence of natural draught, or,
it may be forced or drawn through the said passages by means of a fan or ex-
hauster. If preferred the air to be heated may pass through the tubes a', while
the heated gases pass thengh the serpentine passages b.
In order to regulate the How of the hot gases or heat-conveying agent through
the tubes a', their extremities at one or the other end may be covered by plates f
formed with orifices f coresponding preferably in position and size with those of
the tubes a'; such plates leing capable of adjustment so as to expose the full bore
or less than the full bore of each tube. is a handle whereby such adjustment
may be effected.

page_text: In order to regulate the flow through the pasages 6 of the air to be heated, I
provide the radiator with louvres g or equivalent appliances, so that, when the
volume of the air or gases is comparatively small, the louvres y may be partially
closed and the current ni air or heating agent evenly distributed throughout the
whole radiator, instead of being allowed to take the shortest route or follow the
path of least resistance. The louvres g on each side may be pivoted to a bar h;
the bars being connected with suitable means for effecting the simultaneous
opening or closing of the louvres.
When passing hot fire gases through the radiator, it sometimes happens that
condensation takes place within the tubes a, aud this, when using certain
descriptions of coal or fuel, causes a deposit to be formed in them for a short
distance from their lower extremities. This deposit is of slow formation, but, in
order to facilitate its removal, I apply in the lower extremities of the tubes a
short lengths of tubing, same retaining their positions by frictional contact with
the inner sides of the tubes a. These short pipes i may, when found desirable,
be readily removed by means of a suitably formed instrument, such as a bar with a
hook-shaped extremity, another set of short pipes being substituted; those removed
being cleaned at leisure and stored for future use.
Instead of using distance pieces, the ends of each section may be formed or pro-
vided with flanges, the same being secured at the requisite distance apart, by
means of bolts or rivets, to perforated end-plates
2
The corrugated plates may be formed with V shaped ridges and furrows; and,
in building up the sections, the ridges and furrows whether curved or angular may
be arranged so that the ridges on the face of one section are not aligned with the
furrows of the next adjoining section.
Instead of arranging the corrugated plates a so as to form tubes, they may bo
arranged to form passages in both directions as shewn in Figs. 5 and 6; the
passages a being for the hot gases and the passages to for the air to be heated.
In this construction, longitudinal pieces are employed to maintain the plates a
at their proper distance apart, the transverse distance pieces e and e' being arranged
in a manner similar to that described with reference to the construction previously
alluded to.
Although I have described my invention with special reference to its application
in the construction of a radiator adapted for heating air, it will be obvious that
apparatus constructed on the same principle may be employed in cooling or con-
densing gases or liquids, apart from whether the heat supplying or absorbing
agent traverse the tubes or the passages between them.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the summe is to be performed, I claim:-
1. The improved radiator or apparatus for heating or cooling fluids, constructed
substantially as herein described, and composed of corrugated plates arranged in
pairs and disposed ridge to ridge so as to form a series of tubes, each section so
constructed being arranged with its ridges opposite the hollows of the next adjacent
sections, the serpentine passages so formed serving for the conveyance of the air
or other fluid to be heated, whilst the hot gases (or other heat-conveying medium)
traverse the aforesaid tubes, or vice versa.
2. In a radiator or like apparatus, the employment of distance-pieces having a
serpentine web whereby additional strength and radiating surface are imparted
to the structure, substantially as set forth.
3. The improved radiator or apparatus for heating or cooling fluids, constructed
substantially as herein described, and composed of corrugated plates arranged in
pairs and disposed as described with reference to Figs. 4, 5 and 6 of the accom-
panying drawings; so that serpentine passages are formed for the conduct of the
air or other fluid to be heated and of the heating agent, the flow in the one case
being in the direction of the corrugations and in the other case tranverse thereto.

page_text: 4. In a radiator or like apparatus, the employment, for regulating the flow of
the gases through the tubes, of perforated plates, such as f, applied to the ex-
tremities of the tubes and capable of adjustment so as to cover more or less' of
their bore, substantially as herein described.
5. In a radiator or like apparatus, the employment, for controlling the flow of
gases or other heat-absorbing medium through the passages and promoting an
even distribution of the same throughout the radiator, of louvres, such as 9,
arranged opposite the extremities of the passages and capable of being more or less
closed, substantially as herein described."
6. In a radiator or like apparatus, providing the interiors of the tubes with
pieces of pine adapted for the reception of deposit and capable of ready removal
for the purpose of being cleaned, substantially as herein described.
Dated the 3rd day of May, 1897.
l'or the Applicant,
G. G. W. HARDINGILAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent.