IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEEL GRINDING MACHINERY
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arnold Budenberg, of the Firm of Schäffer and Budenberg,
of the City of Manchester, Steam Gauge Manufacturers, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEEL GRINDING MACHINERY." A communi-
cation from abroad by Louis Bollmann, of Baumgarten, Vienna, in the Empire
$6
of Austria.
Sealed the 27th June 1876, and dated the 19th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arnold Budenberg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1876.
ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the Firm of Schäffer and Budenberg, of the City of
Manchester, Steam Gauge Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEEL
GRINDING MACHINERY." "A communication to me from abroad by Louis Bollmann,
of Baumgarten, Vienna, in the Empire of Austria."
This Invention relates, first, to an arrangement of mechanism whereby the
necessary movements for effecting the complete dressing of a piece of metal or other
material may be imparted to the machine automatically or self actingly, these
different movements being, 1st, the to-and-fro motion or traverse of the carriage
carrying the article requiring to undergo the grinding or facing operation, with the
means of augmenting or diminishing the length of traverse in proportion to the
length of the article, and at the same time to render the return motion of the
carriage more rapid as the traverse increases in length; 2nd, the lowering of
the carriage at each return movement, so as to remove the work from contact with
the grinding wheel; and, 3rd, the adjustable feeding or transverse movement of the
work under the grinding wheel in one or the other direction, and conjointly with
this automatic mechanism to render it possible to effect these movements by hand
when required. Under this part of the Invention I employ a horizontal feeding
bar, which is adjustable to the greatest nicety, and to one extremity of which a
stud is affixed, which forms the pivot for a swinging segmental plate arranged with
two sets of internal teeth, one set being on a larger diameter of the segment than
the other. This swinging segment is connected by an arm to the travelling
carriage, and imparts a to-and-fro motion thereto, according as a toothed pinion
gears into the teeth upon the larger or smaller part of such segment. For this
purpose the actuating pinion is mounted upon a swivelling arm branching from a
vertical stud upon the horizontal feeding bar, motion being communicated to this
pinion through the intervention of a pair of universal joints, from a driving shaft,
Price Bd

page_text: to which revolving motion is imparted by a worm and worm wheel. A series of
arms and levers are brought into play as the actuating pinion is in the act of passing
from the larger to the smaller diameter of the segment, and vice versa, and thus
the travelling carriage is raised and lowered, and the tranverse feeding motion is
obtained.
Secondly. This Invention relates to a novel method of forming the journals and
bearings of the shaft of emery wheels, whereby the same are more efficiently and
economically lubricated, and consists in forming a series of annular grooves in the
necks and bearing surfaces of such shaft, which take into corresponding annular
projections formed in the brass or other bearings of such shaft, a horizontal passage
being formed in the upper part of the bearing, which communicates by smaller
vertical passages with each of the annular grooves in the shaft. To this horizontal
passage the oil or other lubricant is fed, whilst another horizontal passage in the
lower bearing receives the surplus lubricating material, which escapes thereinto
through small vertical holes communicating with the grooves herein-before
mentioned.
This Invention further relates to an improved method of securing emery wheels
to the metallic cheeks or clamp plates of the shaft in which they are carried, and
consists in heating the emery wheel and the metallic plates (the faces of which
latter are preferred to be serrated or incised) to the same degree of temperature, and
in this state to saturate both the emery wheel and the metallic plates with gum-
lack, when they must be brought in contact and squeezed together in the ordinary
manner, by which means a perfect junction of the parts will be effected.
Lastly. This Invention relates to an improved method of protecting the working
parts of emery grinding machinery from the destructive action of the sparks and
dust flying off the emery wheel, and consists in the application of aprons of leather,
cloth, or other suitable material, which are secured to either end of the travelling
table, and pass over rollers at each end of the framework of the machine, and
where they are held constantly distended by the action of weights suspended from
their other extremities.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arnold Budenberg in the Grent Seal Patent Office on the 19th July
1876.
ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the Firm of Schäffer & Budenberg, of the City of
Manchester, Steam Gauge Manufacturers. " IMPROVEMENTS IN EMERY WHEEL
GRINDING MACHINERY." A communication to me from abroad by Louis Bollmann,
of Baumgarten, Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
This Invention relates, first, to an arrangement of mechanism whereby the
necessary movements for effecting the complete dressing of a piece of metal or other
material may be imparted to the machine automatically or self-actingly. These
different movements being, 1st, the to-and-fro motion or traverse of the carriage
carrying the article requiring to undergo the grinding or facing operation with the
means of augmenting or diminishing the length of traverse in proportion to the
length of the article, and at the same time to render the return motion of the
carriage more rapid as the traverse increases in length; 2nd, the lowering of
the carriage at each return movement, so as to remove the work from contact with
the grinding wheel; and, 3rd, the adjustable feeding transverse movement of the
work under the grinding wheel in one or the other direction, and conjointly with
this automatic mechanism to render it possible to effect these movements by hand
when required.
Secondly. This Invention relates to a novel method of forming the journals and
bearings of the shaft of emery wheels, whereby the same are more efficiently and
economically lubricated.

page_text: Thirdly. This Invention relates to an improved method of securing emery wheels
to the metallic cheeks or clamp plates of the shaft in which they are carried.
And, lastly. This Invention relates to an improved method of protecting the
working parts of emery grinding machinery from the destructive action of the
sparks and dust flying of the emery wheel.
And in order that the nature of the said improvements may be more readily seen
and understood, I have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings illustrative of
the same, upon which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a grinding machine embracing
my improvements; Fig. 2, a side view of the same; and Fig. 3, a plan of Fig. 1,
shewn in section across the line A-A; Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of a detached
part of Fig. 3 across the line B-B; Fig. 5 is a front elevation of the same machine
shewn partially in section; Fig. 6 is a side sectional view of Fig. 5 taken across
the line C-C; Figs. 7 and 8 are partial plan views of Figs. 5 and 6; Fig. 9, a
side elevation partially in section of a portion of Fig. 8; Figs. 10, 11, and 12
are three plans partially in section of the feeding mechanism in three different
positions. Similar letters of reference are used to indicate similar parts in all the
several views.
A is the shaft or spindle; and B, the grinding wheel mounted upon it and
revolving in the ordinary manner in the framework C. All the movements of the
mechanism constituting the first part of the said improvements are derived either.
from the rotation or from the oscillation of the working pinion D, to which rotary
motion is imparted in the direction of the arrow (see Fig. 3) by the worm E gearing
with the loose worm wheel E¹, which is united by a first universal joint E² to a
shaft F, which in its turn is connected by a second universal joint F', which drives
the said pinion D either directly or by means of a friction coupling put in and out
of gear by the screw handle F2. Owing to this arrangement the driving pinion D
without ceasing to revolve is capable not only of lateral inclination or deviation
according to the requirements of the machine, but of being raised or lowered by
means of the lugs F projecting from the shaft F, and which slide in slots provided
for them in the tail piece of the second universal joint. This driving pinion D
gears into (see Fig. 3) a toothed sector G mounted and capable of turning partially
round upon a stud G₁ secured in the cast-iron piece G keyed upon the transverse
feeding bar H; and by means of its revolution this pinion first draws forward one
side of the sector G, then passes round the half circle, uniting it with the other side,
oscillating or swinging at the moment of effecting this change of position, next
draws forward the other side of the sector G throughout its entire length, and
finally, swinging back into its first position by passing round the other half circle,
recommences another travel. The drawing forward of the outer edge of the sector
corresponds to the passage of the work under the grinding wheel, whilst the return
motion corresponds to the inner edge of the sector.
The connection of the sector with the table I is effected by means of a jointed
rod connected by one of its extremities to the outer arm G³ of the sector, and by
its other extremity to the table I. It will thus be observed that the return move-
ment is proportionately quicker than the advancing or forward movement, owing
to the internal edge of the sector being situated nearer to the oscillating centre
than the external edge which produces the forward movement. In order, however,
to regulate the stroke according to the length of the work required to be dressed,
I add to the sector G a branch piece or arm G* mounted upon the same centre G²,
round which it can turn and be fixed at any required angle by means of the bolt G³
and lower clamping piece Gº (see Figs. 3 and 4). The inner side of this arm G+
is provided with teeth of the same pitch as those on the sector; they are, however,
partially cut away at a certain distance from both edges in order not to come in
contact or interfere with those of the sector G.
The lowering of the table I at its return stroke is effected by the swinging or
oscillating of the pinion D at the moment of its passing from the outer to the inner
edge of the sector G, and it is again raised to its original height when the said
pinion swings back to its former position. For this purpose this pinion D (see

page_text: Figs. 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7) is mounted on the arm J which turns on a piece J¹ affixed
to the transverse feeding shaft H; and to this same arm J is attached a pointed
arm J which enters into the outer nick of a lever J³, which turns upon J' when
the pinion D swings from the outer to the inner edge of the sector when this
pointed arm J passes into the second nick formed in the lever J³, viz, the one
nearest its centre pushes such lever slightly back, and by means of the lug Jo
attached thereto also pushes back from right to left the screwed rod K. This rod K
by means of the nut K¹ of the bell crank K2 and connecting rod K³, the other
extremity of which is connected to a carriage L mounted upon rollers L¹ raises
this carriage as well as the table I which rests thereon, by the rollers L¹ running
up the inclined planes L³ formed upon the horizontal support M. The lowering of
these parts takes place, as will be readily understood, by means of these actuating
parts acting in a contrary direction when the pinion D swings from the inner to
the outer edge of the sector, being impelled by the spring M³, which has become
compressed by the first movement, as above described. I would here observe that
this vertical movement of the table I takes place simultaneously and regularly over
its entire surface.
The feeding of the work under the emery wheel by means of the above-described
swinging motion of the pinion D takes place in the following manner (see Figs. 1,
2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, & 12)-The arm J with the pointer J oscillating upon J
is provided on its under side with a pin N (Fig. 8) to which is connected one
extremity of a flat bar N¹, on the upper surface of which is a stud K² which passes
through the slot K' of a horizontal lever L, and on its under surface a second stud
which may be entered in one or the other of the nicks made in the rack M
(Fig. 9). The lever O works horizontally upon a bracket plate N2 suspended from
the horizontal support M, which in its turn is keyed to the feed shaft H. More-
over this lever O is provided on the one hand with a second lever P (at the outer
extremity of which there is a square stud Q which fits accurately in a groove R),
and on the other hand with a third jointed lever provided at its extremity with
two springs T (see Figs. 9, 10, 11 & 12) which bear on each face of the down-
ward prolongation Q1 of the square stud Q. To this lever S is connected another
lever U, by means of which it can be caused to assume one of the three positions
indicated in Figs. 10, 11, and 12. By raising this lever U and then lowering it in
such a manner that a small stud on its lower face enters one of the three grooves V
(see Figs. 10, 11, and 12) cut in the bracket plate Nº.
When the table I, after having effected its return stroke, is on the point of
commencing a fresh cut (the parts being in the position indicated at Fig. 10) the
bar N¹, in consequence of the swinging motion of the pinion D, will draw on the
lever O, the square stud Q thereby gripping fast in the groove R, a feed motion is
transmitted to the work (made fast on the table 1) by means of the parts N2, M, H,
and L, and when the bar N¹ is moved in the contrary direction a reverse action
takes place, viz., the feeding parts remain stationary and the square stud Q slides in
the grove R. This feed motion in the direction of the pinion D takes place in
consequence of the pressure of the springs T in this same direction; therefore, if
motion in the contrary direction is required, the levers S & U must be placed in
the position indicated at Fig. 12, this mechanism being maintained in one or the
other of these two positions by the presence of a stud fitted on the under face of the
lever U, and taking into one or the other of the grooves V.
When the lever O is in the position indicated at Fig. 11, as neither of the springs
T exert any action on the square stud Q, the feeding mechanism will remain
stationary, although the stud or pin N continues in motion. The length of the feed
in one direction or the other depends on the position of the stud N on the rod N¹ in
the slot of the lever 0; the nearer this stud is brought to the axis of the lever O,
the greater the motion will be; the length of stroke can be regulated according to
the position of the lower stud on N¹ in one or the other of the grooves in the rack
V. In Fig. 9 this bar is supposed to be raised ready for lowering, with its stud in
one or the other of the grooves, as may be required.

page_text: The parts K, K, K², & K³, serve also besides the purpose above specified, to
approach the work vertically to the emery wheel, or to separate it therefrom, with
minute accuracy, by hand; to this end the screwed rod K is provided at one
extremity with a hand wheel W, by turning which, in one direction or the other,
the above results are obtained, and the displacement thus caused of the frame L on
the inclined planes L² does not affect the self-acting lowering motion, because the
entire traverse of these inclined planes is never exceeded whilst thus regulating the
vertical position of the work. I have thus shewn that when the feeding mechanism
assumes the position indicated in Fig. 11 they have no action on the work, there-
fore, under these conditions, the manipulation may be made by hand by means of
the hand wheel X, which is fast with the pinion X', which gears with the teeth cut
in the tranverse feed shaft H (see Figs. 1 and 2).
I may here call attention to the fact that the yielding or elastic state of the table
I is not only maintained in my new arrangement of grinding machine, because
in case of too great a strain being placed upon the grinding wheel the rollers L¹
run down their inclined planes L² by pushing back the spring M¹, but that the
present invention presents a still more important feature, viz., that the vertical
displacement of the table takes place simultaneously and regularly over its entire
surface.
My second improvement has reference to the lubrication of the shafts of emery
grinding wheels, and is also applicable to all other rapidly revolving shafts. I
construct in the upper bearing of such shafts a horizontal passage or reservoir for
the oil, which can be fed thereto by a cup or otherwise; and from this reservoir the
oil flows through some little vertical openings to the bottom of a series of hollow
grooves cut in the shaft, and thus reaches every part of the bearing, and especially
the bottom of the grooves. After having served the required purpose, the oil or
other lubricating agent employed descends into a similar reservoir provided in the
lower half of the bearing, from whence it can be drawn off by unscrewing a small
plug g. In Fig. 1 one of my improved bearings is shewn in section, and an end
sectional view of the same in Fig. 1a. In these views A is the shaft of the emery
wheel B, the upper half of the grease box C, the horizontal passage from whence
small vertical holes conduct the oil to the grooves D on the bearing. E is the lower
half, Fits horizontal passage, and G the plug to be unscrewed when F is to be
emptied ; this plug could also be applied at the other extremity, or any other part
of the passage F.
My third improvement has reference to a novel method of securing emery wheels
to their shafts, and consists essentially, first, in heating the grinding wheel upon its
lateral faces to a certain extent, and in also heating the cheeks or jaws employed for
holding such emery wheel; and second, in saturating such emery wheel and cheeks
at these heated places with shellac, and in this state I bring the parts together
and squeeze them by any appropriate means, when, after becoming cool, the junction
or consolidation is perfected to such an extent that there will be no danger of
properly constructed emery wheels flying apart. In Fig. 2a B is the emery wheel
and i the cheeks pressed up against it. I prefer making small indentations on the
inner faces of the cheeks, as shewn in black.
My fourth improvement relates to a method of protecting the different parts of
the machine against the destructive effect of the particles of metal projected by the
emery wheel; for this purpose I adapt at each extremity of the working table an
apron passing over pullies, mounted at the outer extremities of the frame; these
aprons follow the motion of the table, but their lengths are such that, whatever the
stroke may be, they constantly cover the parts they are intended to protect.
In Figs. 2 and 3 K are the aprons made of leather, cloth, or any other suitable
material, and which are attached to the respective extremities of the table I, and
pass over the pullies L, fitted to the respective extremities of the roller frame L,
and being constantly kept distended by the suspended weight m.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said

page_text: Invention, together with the best methods with which I am acquainted for carrying
the same into practical effect, I wish it to be understood that I claim :-
1st. The combination and arrangement of mechanism whereby the complete
grinding or dressing of a piece of metal, or other material, may be performed
automatically, or by hand, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described, and illustrated on the accompanying Drawing.
2nd. The improved bearings and method of lubrication applicable to the shafts of
emery wheels and other rapidly revolving machinery, as and for the purpose herein-
before described and illustrated on the accompanying Drawing.
3rd. The method of securing emery wheels to their shafts, substantially as herein-
before described.
4th. The application of aprons to the purpose of protecting the mechanism of
grinding machinery, as and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated on
the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arnold Budenberg, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 18th day of July, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and seventy-six.
D. H. BRANDON, Witness,
13, Rue Gaillon,
Paris.
ARNOLD BUDENBERG. (L.S.)