IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS, TRAMWAYS, AND RAILWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN POWLEY
ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting
Engineer and Patent Agent, send greeting:-
WHEREAS Her most excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters Patent
bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five, in the Thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Edwin
Powley Alexander, her special license that I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edwin
Powley Alexander, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM CARRIAGES FOR
COMMON ROADS, TRAMWAYS, AND RAILWAYS." A communication to ine from
abroad by William Robert Rowan, of the Randers Railway Works, Randers, in the
Kingdom of Denmark, Engineer and Contractor :
And whereas, in pursuance and performance of a proviso in the said Letters
Patent contained, I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, did within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent cause a
Specification in writing under my hand and seal, particularly describing the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, to be
duly filed in the Great Seal Patent Office:
And whereas since the filing of the said Specification I have been advised that
the modified arrangement of steam car shown in Figures 4 and 5 on Sheet 2 of the
Drawings hereunto annexed is not of sufficient value and novelty to render it
desirable to retain it, and therefore I am desirous of disclaiming the said modified
arrangement and all references thereto.

page_text: at
NOW KNOW YE that I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, by and with the
leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-General, do hereby, for the reasons aforesaid, strike
out that part of the Specification commencing with the words "In those cases
page 7, line 17 (of the Specification printed by the Queen's Printers, and published
at the Great Seal Patent Office), and ending with the word "security" at page 8,
letter "8" trom the word "Sheets," page 8, lue 15, and the
line 6; I also strike out the words "Sheet 1," page 8, line 18, as being unne-
cessary and superfluous; also that part of the Specification commencing with the
words "Figure 4 (Sheet 2)" at page 10, line 17, and ending with the words "draw
bar" at page 11, line 11; also the words " or segment of a cylinder" in the second
claiming clause at page 11, line 27; also the word "Fourthly" and the whole of
the last claiming clause at page 12, line 6 to 14 inclusive; and I further strike out
Figures 4 and 5 on Sheet 2 of the Drawings annexed to the said Specification.
And in order that it may be clearly understood what is the Invention which I
now consider to be secured by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent,
I shall proceed to repeat (omitting the preamble and testing clause) my said Speci-
fication as proposed to be amended by this present Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration, as follows:-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
The said Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of and
means of applying motive power to cars or carriages for use on roads, tram-
ways, or railways, especially in those cases where it is desirable that the engine,
of whatever nature employed to propel the car, should be wholly or partially
concealed.
In carrying out this Invention the car is supported on two bogies, one of which
may be of the ordinary construction, whilst the other is formed with a bogie pin
of such a size that the steam, air, gas, or other engine used to propel the car can
be placed inside the said pin, whereby the engine may, if desired, be wholly or
partially concealed.
The hinder part of the car may, if preferred, rest on an ordinary pair of wheels in
lieu of upon a bogic. By the interposition of springs the vibration (if any) of the
engine is not communicated to the car itself, and the engine in no way interferes
with the passage of the sharpest curves by the car, whilst by an arrangement of
wheels and rollers, herein-after described, the bogie pin of the engine bogie, notwith-
standing its unusual size, is enabled to revolve easily in the framing of the car, whether
the engine be working ahead or reversed.
Should it be considered advisable that the engine bogie should always run
foremost, the construction of the car enables it easily to be turned in its own
length at the end of each journey without the aid of any turntable, as by blocking the
wheels of one bogie fast on the rails, the car can be simply run round the pin of the
bogie as a centre, and thus reversed.
The enlarged bogie pin may consist either of a shallow rim of annular form, or,
if it be desired to wholly or partially conceal the engine, of a hollow cylinder of
sheet iron or other material provided with doors and openings to afford access to
the said engine; and these would necessarily vary with the kind of engine used, as
would also the height of the said cylinder or bogie pin.
The engine is connected with the axle of one or both pairs of wheels of the bogie,
and these wheels may be either coupled or not, as preferred.
The framing and casing of the body of the car may be of the ordinary description,
but at the front end of the framing between the side soles, and firmly braced
thereto, there is fixed a circular band of a diameter slightly larger than the cylinder
or bogie pin round which it revolves, such band being fitted with rollers (against
one of which the engine will always act when moving the car) to prevent friction.
and forming the connection or point of contact between the body of the car and

page_text: the bogie; or the rollers, in lieu of being carried in the band, may be attached to
the cylinder or bogie pin itself.
In cars for working round sharp curves there is added for additional security a
draw bar working by means of an eye on a king bolt; before turning the car this
draw bar is to be detached.
These
Firmly fixed between the said band and the side soles in the casing are two or
more small flanged wheels, on which the entire weight of the body of the car
(excepting so much of it as is borne by the hind bogie or wheels) is carried.
flanged wheels run on a circular rail attached to and resting entirely upon the bogie
frame, thus permitting the bogie, though carrying a great part of the weight of the
car, to revolve freely under it when passing round curves; and, as springs contained
in boxes are interposed between the body of the car and the bogie, the car will ride
easily, and not receive any vibration arising from the motion of the engine.
Any lateral motion of the before-mentioned flanged wheels in the framing being
prevented the side thrust of the body of the car in passing a curve will be taken by
the flanges of these wheels; and, if these do not prove sufficient, then the antifriction
rollers in the bend will take the said thrust.
The small wheels above referred to, may if preferred be simply tapered either
inwards or outwards, or in both directions, and the flanges thereon may then be
dispensed with.
Joints are provided in the framing and casing of the car which permit of the
front part of the outer casing being removed, so that the engine bogie can easily be
attached and detached.
The car can be equally well used with plain running wheels for common roads, in
which case however a steering apparatus must be added; for example, a rack and
pinion fixed respectively on the cylinder or large bogie pin, and on the ring embracing
it or any other simple apparatus capable of regulating the relative positions of the
front bogie, and of the body of the car.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the several
Figures on the explanatory Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same letters of
reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of the Drawings represents a partial side elevation and vertical section of
a portion of a tramway car constructed and arranged in accordance with the said
Invention; Figure 2 is a corresponding end elevation of the same; and Figure 3 is a
sectional plan corresponding to Figure 1.
A is the body of the car which is mounted at the rear end upon an ordinary
bogie or upon a pair of wheels, and at the front or driving end upon a bogie
constructed and arranged as shown; B is the bogie frame of the said bogie
supported by the four wheels C, C, one of the axles of which is cranked, as shown
in Figure 2, for the purpose of being driven by a steam or other motive-power
engine, which is wholly or partially enclosed within the hollow cylinder D constituting
the bogie pin.
If desired the two pairs of bogie wheels may be coupled as is well understood.
Inside the framing or side soles E, E, of the car there are firmly secured by bolts
or otherwise, the spring boxes F, F, containing springs G, G, which boxes are again
firmly secured to the metal band or hoop H, so that the said hoop, spring boxes, and
fraining or side soles with the body of the car form one rigid structure, the entire
weight of which is supported by the two small flanged wheels I, I, the bearings of
which are situate in the lower loose portion of each spring box. These flanged
wheels rest upon and travel round the annular rail K which is firmly secured to the
top of the bogie frame B. The large hollow bogie pin or cylinder D is permanently
and rigidly secured by bolts or otherwise to the bogie frame, and consequently turns
with it more or less when running round curves.
The engine and boiler (if a boiler be required) are both contained inside the said
cylinder or large bogie pin D, and one or more sliding or other doors L and windows
or openings M are provided in the cylinder D for affording access and light to the

page_text: propelling engine. A number of antifriction rollers a, a, are fitted into the band or
hoop H, or, if preferred, they may be fitted round the circumference of the cylinder
or bogie pin, at different distances from the centre, so as to form points of contact
when required between the said pin D and the hoop H, and thereby reduce as much
as possible the friction when turning, should the pin D be brought into contact with
them.
The object of placing these antifriction rollers at different distances from the centre
of the bogie pin or cylinder, is this —The front and back rollers are in contact with
the cylinder, as in pulling or backing; the engines work against them, but any side
thrust of the car when passing into a sharp curve is taken by the flanged or conical
wheels, whilst the antifriction rollers in the band, which are not actually touching
the cylinder, are in reserve to take any extraordinary lateral thrust that might arise
from a sudden jerk, throwing the flanged wheels off their rail and bringing the side
of the cylinder D in contact with the hoop, the rollers in such a case effectually
preventing any jamming of the car with the bogie.
By having only two rollers ordinarily in contact with the cylinder to take the
longitudinal thrust, and the flanges of the two side wheels alone to take the lateral
thrust, the friction is greatly reduced. The large bogie pin or hollow cylindrical
casing D, with its band H and antifriction rollers a, a, are partially concealed by
extending the sides of the car along each side of the bogie, as shown at N, N, and in
order to admit, in case of repairs, of the entire bogie with its engine and parts
connected therewith being readily detached from the body of the car, and replaced
by a fresh bogie and engine, the ends of the car sides are jointed at b, b, so as to open
outwards, as shown by the dotted lines in Figure 3, or they may be made removeable
bodily. For the same object the band or hoop H is also jointed at e, e, (Figure 3).
When the bogie is adjusted in its place, the said jointed portions of the car sides
are closed again, and secured by catches or other convenient fastenings to lugs or
projections c, c, on the band or hoop H. P is the chimney of the boiler furnace
when employed, and Q, Q, are the steps for mounting on to the bogio and gaining
access to the interior of the cylindrical casing or bogie pin D. Should more room
be required for the engines the casing D may be enlarged, as shown by the dotted
lines at d, d, in Figure 2; R is a draw bar, which may be used for additional
security on cars intended for traversing sharp curves, the said draw-bar being
connected to the centre of the bogie by a king bolt S, as is well understood, and
being capable of being readily detached from the body of the car itself when it is
required to turn the car.
It is obvious that the engine may be mounted on the bogie frame without being
enclosed by any surrounding casing or cylinder, the bogie pin in such a case
being merely a shallow ring in lieu of a cylinder, as herein-before described and
shown.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First. The placing the propelling engines of tramway cars, railway cars, and
vehicles for running on common roads inside the pin of a bogie, which supports one
end of the said vehicles, as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Secondly. The constructing the bogies for tramway and railway cars, and for
vehicles for running on common roads with hollow bogie pins of the form of a
cylinder of any convenient height, and suitably adapted for containing within it
the engines employed in propelling such vehicles, substantially as herein-before
described.
Thirdly. The mode of connecting and supporting one end of the main framing of
a tramway or railway car, or vehicle for running on common roads, with and on a
bogie when the propelling engines are situate within or surrounded either wholly
or partially by the bogie pin, by the aid of a band or hoop and antifriction rollers

page_text: surrounding the bogie pin, in combination with flange or conical wheels and springs
carried by the framing of the vehicle, and resting upon and travelling over a
circular rail fixed to the top of the said bogie frame, in conjunction or not with a
draw bar, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described, and illustrated
by Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
I hereby grant my Fiat, giving leave to the above-named Edwin Powley
Alexander to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to
which the same relates, the above written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration.
Dated this 30th day of March, One thousand eight hundred and seventy eight.

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Edwin Powley Alexander, of 14, Southampton
Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and
Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS, TRAMWAYS, AND RAILWAYS." -A com-
munication from abroad by William Robert Rowan, of the Randers
Railway Works, Randers, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Engineer
and Contractor.
ealed the 13th August 1875, and dated the 14th June 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Powley Alexander
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th June 1875.
I, EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS, TRAMWAYS, AND RAILWAYS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by William Robert Rowan, of the Randers

page_text: Railway Works, Randers, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Engineer and
Contractor, to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
steam cars or carriages for use on roads, or tramways, or on railways,
where it is desirable that the engine, of whatever nature employed to
propel the car, should be wholly or partially concealed.
In carrying out this Invention the car is supported on two bogies, one
bogie being of the ordinary construction, whilst the other bogic is
formed with a bogie pin of such a size that the steam, air, gas, or other
engine used to propel the car can be placed inside this pin, by which 1
means the engine is effectually concealed.
The hinder part of the car may if preferred rest on an ordinary pair
of wheels. By the interposition of springs the vibration (if any) of the
engine is not communicated the car itself, and the engine in no way
interferes with the car passing the sharpest curves, whilst by an 1
arrangement of wheels and rollers hereafter described the bogic pin of
the engine bogie, notwithstanding its unusual size, is enabled to revolve
easily in the framing of the car whether the engine be working ahead or
reversed.
Should it be considered advisable that the engine bogie should always
run foremost, the construction of the car enables it easily to be turned
in its own length at the end of each journey without the aid of any
turntable, as by blocking the wheels of one bogie fast on the rails the
car can be simply run round the pin of this bogie as a centre and thus
reversed.
The enlarged bogie pin containing the engine may consist of a hollow
cylinder of sheet iron or other material provided with doors and
openings to get at the engine, and these would necessarily vary
with the kind of engine used, as would also the height of the said
cylinder.
The engine would be connected with the axle of one or both pairs of
wheels, and the wheels may be either coupled or not, as preferred.
The framing and casing of the body of the car may be of the
ordinary description, but at the front end of the framing, between the
side soles and firmly braced thereto, there is fixed a circular band of a

page_text: diameter slightly larger than the cylinder around which it revolves
fitted with rollers (against one of which the engine will always act when
moving the car) to prevent friction and forming the connection between
the body of the car and the bogic; or the rollers instead of being fixed
in the band may be fixed on the cylinder.
In cars for working round sharp curves, there is added for additional
security a draw-bar, working by means of an ey on a king bolt (in
turning the car this draw-bar is detached).
Firmly fixed between the said band and the side soles in the casing
are two (or if desirable more) small wheels on which the whole weight
of the body of the car, excepting so much of it as is borne by the hind
bogie (or wheels) is carried. These wheels run on a circular rail
attached to and resting entirely on the bogie frame, thus permitting the
bogie, though carrying a great part of the weight of the car, to revolve
freely under it in passing round curves, and as the springs contained in
boxes are interposed between the body of the car and the bogic the car
will ride casily and not receive any vibration arising from the motion
of the engine.
Any lateral motion of the before-mentioned small wheels in the
framing being prevented the side thrust of the body of the car in
passing a curve will be taken by the flanges of these wheels, and if this
does not prove sufficent, by the friction rollers in the band.
The small wheels instead of being flanged may be simply tapered,
either inwards, outwards, or both combined.
In the framing and casing of the car joints are provided which permit
of the front part of the outer casing being removed, so that the engine
bogic can easily be attached and detached.
In cases where it is not necessary to have so much room for the
engine, and where it is not required that the car should be able to turn
in its own length, the part of the cylinder containing the engine may
be cut away, leaving only a segment of it standing on the bogie
frame.
The body of the car may be connected to the bogie by means of a
king bolt running through a strong eye in the draw-bar attached to the
body and passing through a corresponding eye in the bogic frame, a

page_text: spring being interposed to prevent the vibration of the engine being
transmitted to the car.
In lieu of using a circular rail with flanged wheels, as in the con-
struction already described, a flat segmental rail may be substituted
with plain wheels running on it and supporting the body of the car.
To these wheels springs are connected, and so arranged as to allow the
car to play freely up and down.
The rail, wheels, and springs, have exactly corresponding functions to
perform as the rail, wheels, and springs in the previous description of
car, excepting that the side thrust of the car being taken by the
king bolt, it is unnecessary to have flanged wheels or to interpose ante-
friction rollers between the body of the car and the bogic except for
running over very sharp curves, in which case it is preferred in all
patterns of the car to combine the flanged or conical wheels on the rail
with the king bolt as giving extra security.
The car can be equally well used with plain running wheels for
common roads, in which case, however, a steering apparatus must be
added, for example, a rack and pinion fixed respectively on the cylinder
or large bogie pin and on the ring embracing it, or any other simple
apparatus capable of regulating the relative positions of the front bogie
and of the body of the car.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edwin Powley Alexander in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN ?
POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, Her special license
that I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, my.
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS, TRAMWAYS, AND
RAILWAYS," a communication to me from abroad by William Robert
Rowan, of the Randers Railway Works, Randers, in the Kingdom of
Denmark, Engineer and Contractor, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, my exccutors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction
of and means of applying motive power to cars or carriages for use on
roads, tramways, or railways, especially in those cases where it is
desirable that the engine, of whatever nature, employed to propel the
car should be wholly or partially concealed.
In carrying out this Invention the car is supported on two bogies,
one of which may be of the ordinary construction, whilst the other is
formed with a bogie pin of such a size that the steam, air, gas, or
other engine used to propel the car can be placed inside the said pin,
whereby the engine may, if desired, be wholly or partially concealed.
The hinder part of the car may, if preferred, rest on an ordinary pair
of wheels in lieu of upon a bogie. By the interposition of springs the
vibration (if any) of the engine is not communicated to the car itself,
and the engine in no way interferes with the passage of the sharpest

page_text: ८
:
curves by the car, whilst by an arrangement of wheels and rollers
herein-after described the bogie pin of the engine bogio notwithstanding
its unusual size is enabled to revolve easily in the framing of the car,
whether the engine be working ahead or reversed.
Should it be considered advisable that the engine bogic should always
run foremost, the construction of the car cnables it casily to be turned
in its own length at the end of each journey without the aid of any
turntable, as by blocking the wheels of one bogic fast on the rails the
car can be simply run round the pin of the bogic as a centre, and thus
reversed.
The enlarged bogie pin may consist either of a shallow rim of annular
form, or if it be desired to wholly or partially conceal the engine, of a
hollow cylinder of shcct iron or other material provided with doors and
openings to afford access to the said engine, and these would necessarily
vary with the kind of engine used, as would also the height of the said
cylinder or bogie pin.
The engine is connected with the axle of one or both pairs of
wheels of the bogic, and these wheels may be either coupled or not,
as preferred.
The framing and casing of the body of the car may be of the ordinary
description, but at the front end of the framing between tho side soles
and firmly braced thereto there is fixed a circular band of a diameter
slightly larger than the cylinder or bogic pin round which it revolves,
such band being fitted with rollers (against one of which the engine
will always act when moving the car) to prevent friction, and forming
the connection or point of contact between the body of the car and the
bogic; or the rollers in lieu of being carried in the band may be attached
to the cylinder or bogic pin itself.
In cars for working round sharp curves there is added for additional
security a draw bar working by means of an eye on a king bolt; before
turning the car this draw bar is to be detached.
Firmly fixed between the said band and the side soles in the casing
are two or more small flanged wheels on which the entire weight of
the body of the car (excepting so much of it as is borne by the hind
bogic or wheels) is carried. These flanged wheels run on a circular
rail attached to and resting entirely upon the bogie frame, thus per-

page_text: mitting the bogie, though carrying a great part of the weight of the
car, to revolve freely under it when passing round curves, and as springs
contained in boxes aro interposed between the body of the car and the
bogie the car will ride casily and not receive any vibration arising from
the motion of the engine.
Any lateral motion of the before-mentioned flanged wheels in the
framing being prevented the side thrust of the body of the car in passing
a curve will be taken by the flanges of these wheels, and if these do not
prove sufficient then the anti-friction rollers in the band will take the
said thrust.
The small wheels above referred to may if preferred be simply tapered
either inwards or outwards, or in both directions, and the flanges thereon
may then be dispensed with.
Joints are provided in the framing and casing of the car which permit
of the front part of the outer casing being removed, so that the engine
bogie can easily be attached and detached.
In those cases where it is not necessary to have so much room for
the engine, and where it is not required that the car should be capable
of turning within its own length, that portion of the cylinder which
contains the engine may be cut away, leaving only a segment of it
standing on the bogie frame.
The body of the car may be connected to the bogio by means of a
king bolt running through a strong eye in the draw bar attached to the
body, and passing through a corresponding eye in the bogie frame, a
spring being interposed to prevent the vibration of the engine being
transmitted to the car.
In lieu of using an annular rail with flanged or conical wheels, as in
the construction already described, a flat rail forming only a segment or
portion of a circle may be substituted, with plain wheels running on it
and supporting the body of the car. To these wheels springs are con-
nected and so arranged as to allow of free vertical play to the body of
the car.
The said rail, wheels, and springs have exactly corresponding functions
to perform as the rail, wheels, and springs in the previously described
arrangement of car, excepting that owing to the side thrust of tho car

page_text: being taken by the king bolt it is not necessary to employ flanged
wheels, or to interpose antifriction rollers between the body of the car
and the bogie, unless it be required to run over very sharp curves, in
which case it is preferred in all patterns of the car to combine the
flanged or conical wheels on the rail with the king bolt as giving extra
security.
The car can be equally well used with plain running wheels for
common roads in which case however a steering apparatus must be
added, for example, a rack and pinion fixed respectively on the cylinder
or large bogic pin, and on the ring embracing it or any other simple
apparatus capable of regulating the relative positions of the front bogic
and of the body of the car.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the explanatory Sheets of Drawings
hereunto annexed, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding
parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of the Drawings represents a partial side clevation
and vertical section of a portion of a tramway car constructed and
arranged in accordance with the said Invention; Figure 2 is a corre-
sponding end elevation of the same, and Figure 3 is a sectional plan
corresponding to Figure 1.
A is the body of the car which is mounted at the rear end upon an
ordinary bogic or upon a pair of wheels, and at the front or driving
end upon a bogie constructed and arranged as shown. B is the bogio
frame of the said bogie supported by the four wheels C, C, one of the
axles of which is cranked, as shown in Figure 2, for the purpose of
being driven by a steam or other motive-power engine which is wholly
or partially enclosed within the hollow cylinder D constituting the bogie
pin.
If desired the two pairs of bogio wheels may be coupled as is well
understood.
Inside the framing or side soles E, E, of the car there are firmly
secured by bolts or otherwise, the spring boxes F, F, containing
springs G, G, which boxes are again firmly secured to the metal band or
hoop II, so that the said hoop spring boxes and framing or sido soles

page_text: with the body of the car form one rigid structure, the entire weight of
which is supported by the two small flanged wheels I, I, the bearings
of which are situate in the lower loose portion of each spring box.
These flanged wheels rest upon and travel round the annular rail K
which is firmly secured to the top of the bogie frame B. The largo
hollow bogie pin or cylinder D is permanently and rigidly secured by
bolts or otherwise to the bogie frame, and consequently turns with it
more or less when running round curves.
The engine and boiler (if a boiler be required) are both contained
inside the said cylinder or large bogic pin D, and one or more sliding or
other doors L, and windows or openings M are provided in the cylinder D
for affording access and light to the propelling engine. A number of
antifriction rollers a, a, are fitted into the band or hoop H, or if
preferred they may be fitted round the circumference of the cylinder or
bogic pin at different distances from the centre, so as to form points of
contact when required between the said pin D and the hoop H, and
thereby reduce as much as possible the friction when turning, should
the pin D be brought into contact with them.
The object of placing these antifriction rollers at different distances
from the centre of the bogie pin or cylinder is this:-The front and
back rollers are in contact with the cylinder as in pulling or backing;
the engines work against them, but any side thrust of the car when
passing into a sharp curve is taken by the flanged or conical wheels,
whilst the antifriction rollers in the band which are not actually touching
the cylinder are in reserve to take any extraordinary lateral thrust that
might arise from a sudden jerk throwing the flanged wheels off their
rail, and bringing the side of the cylinder D in contact with the hoop,
the rollers in such a case effectually preventing any jamming of the car
with the bogie.
By having only two rollers ordinarily in contact with the cylinder to
take the longitudinal thrust, and the flanges of the two side wheels alone
to take the lateral thrust the friction is greatly reduced.
The large
bogic pin or hollow cylindrical casing D with its band H, and anti-
friction rollers a, a, are partially concealed by extending the sides of the
car along each side of the bogie as shown at N, N, and in order to
admit in case of repairs of the entire bogic with its engine and parts
connected therewith being readily detached from the body of the car

page_text: and replaced by a fresh bogie and engine, the ends of the car sides are
jointed at b, b, so as to open outwards, as shown by the dotted lines in
Figure 3, or they may be made removeable bodily. For the same object
the band or hoop H is also jointed at e, e, (Figure 3). When the bogio is
adjusted in its place, the said jointed portions of the car sides are closed
again and secured by catches or other convenient fastenings to lugs or
projections c, c, on the band or hoop H. P is the chimney of the boiler
furnace when employed, and Q, Q, are the steps for mounting on to the
bogie and gaining access to the interior of the cylindrical casing or
bogio pin D. Should more room be required for the engines the
casing D may be enlarged as shown by the dotted lines at d, d, in
Figure 2; R is a draw bar which may be used for additional security on
cars intended for traversing sharp curves, the said draw bar being
connected to the centre of the bogic by a king bolt S as is well
understood, and being capable of being readily detached from the body
of the car itself when it is required to turn the car.
Figure 4 (Sheet 2) is a side clevation partly in section of a modified
arrangement of steam car, applicable in cases where less space is required
for the engine, and where it is not necessary that the car should be able
to turn in its own length; and Figure 5 is a corresponding sectional
plan of Figure 4. As the parts which correspond to those in Figures 1,
2, and 3, and which have already been fully referred to, are indicated
by corresponding letters of reference, no further allusion need be made
to them here. In these two Figures the bogic pin has one half of it
removed, so that it in fact consists of a hollow semi-cylinder for
containing the engine in lieu of a complete cylinder. It is rigidly
secured as before to the top of the framing B of the bogie, which framing
also carries the semicircular flat rail K, the curve of which is struck
from the centre of the bogie pin. The front end of the main framing E
of the car is curved and carries two plain rollers I, I, mounted in
spindles which play freely in a vertical direction through the said
framing, and through spring boxes F, F, mounted thereon, and
containing springs. The said rollers take their bearing on the semi-
circular flat rail K, and thus support the entire weight of that end of
the car body and framing; R is a draw bar rigidly secured to the main
framing of the car body, and having an cyc through which passes the
king bolt S, a spring T being placed under the said draw bar to prevent
the vibrations or concussions of the bogio being transmitted to the car.

page_text: In the Drawing, Figure 5, the hinder half of the bogie pin is shown as
cut away, but if desired the front half may be removed instead, in
which latter case the draw bar would have to be situate underneath the
bogie frame as in Figure 1, in lieu of above it as in Figure 4.
The side thrust in Figures 4 and 5, as well as the pull of the engine,
is taken entirely by the draw bar and king bolt, the antifriction rollers
and hoop or band H as well as the flanged or conical wheels I of the
previously described arrangement being dispensed with in ordinary
cases; if however extra security be required when running over very sharp
curves, the said flanged or conical wheels I and rail may be employed
in conjunction with the king bolt and draw bar. It is obvious that the
engine may be mounted on the bogie frame without being enclosed by
any surrounding casing or cylinder, the bogic pin in such case being
merely a shallow ring in lieu of a cylinder as herein-before described and
shown.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that, what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The placing the propelling engines of tramway cars, railway
cars, and vehicles for running on common roads inside the pin of a bogic,
which supports one end of the said vehicles, as and for the purpose
herein-before described.
Secondly. The constructing the bogies for tramway and railway cars,
and for vehicles for running on common roads with hollow bogie pins of
the form of a cylinder or segment of a cylinder of any convenient
height, and suitably adapted for containing within it the engines
employed in propelling such vehicles, substantially as herein-before
described.
Thirdly. The mode of connecting and supporting one end of the main
framing of a tramway, or railway car, or vehicle for running on common
roads with and on a bogie, when the propelling engines are situate within
or surrounded either wholly or partially by the bogic pin by the aid of a
5 band or hook, and antifriction rollers surrounding the bogie pin in
combination with flanged or conical wheels and springs carried by the

page_text: framing of the vehicle, and resting upon and travelling over a circular
rail fixed to the top of the said bogic frame in conjunction or not with a
draw bar, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described
and illustrated by Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Fourthly. The mode of supporting and connecting one end of the
main framing of a tramway or railway car or vehicle for running on
common roads on or with a bogie by the aid of rollers and springs
mounted in the end of the said main framing, and resting upon and
travelling over a segmental rail fixed to the top of such bogio in com-
bination with a draw bar and king bolt, when the bogie pin which
contains the engines is in the form of a segment of a cylinder, sub-
tantially as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 4 and 5 of
the Drawings hercunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Powley Alexander, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.