Improvements in Apparatus for Colling Spiral Springs.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 11th Jan., 1897-Accepted, 6th Mar., 1897
Improvements in Apparatus for Colling Spiral Springs.
I, CARL ANDREAS VIKTOR HALLGREN of Grefmagnigatan 9, Stockholm,
Sweden, Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for use in making spiral
springs, which apparatus is suitable for producing spiral springs of any desired
diameter and pitch and of uniform size.
One method of carrying out my invention is shown in the accompanying drawings
in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of such an apparatus, Fig. 2 is a side view of the same,
and Fig. 3 is an end view partially in section.
Referring to the drawings, A represents a frame which is extended so as to form
a handle B. On each side the frame is provided with hubs C which form bearings
for bolts or shafts D which pass through and are free to revolve therein. Each of
said bolts is at its inuer end provided with a bevel gear-sector E and a jaw F in
which a roller G is centred so as to be free to revolve. Between the said hubs is a
sleeve H fastened to the frame A by the bolts in the holes I. Another sleeve J
provided with a handle K is placed inside the first mentioned sleeve, so that the
handle K projects through a recess in the sleeve J. A bolt or shaft L, one
portion of which is formed as a semi-circle and is at the end of the semi-circle
provided with a jaw having a roller M centred therein, passes through the sleeve J
and is fastened thereto so as to turn with the same. The bolt L is at its other end
provided with a screw thread, and a nut N serves to draw the bolt more or less
through the sleeve J. A gearwheel O is fastened to the sleeve J, and meshes into
the before mentioned bevel gear sectors E, so that by moving the handle K the
bolt L will be turned in one direction as the bolts D are turned in an opposite
direction. When the rollers G and M are of the same size, as is preferable, the
pitch-diameter of the gear-wheel O and of the bevel gear sectors E will have to be
the same.
Alongside the handle K is placed an empirically graduated scale Q and the
handle K is provided with a bolt R which moves in a groove S in the frame A
so that by means of a nut T on said bolt the handle can be held fast in any desired
position.
To guide and hold the spring wire, a clamp U is provided. The jaws of said
clamp can be tightened around the wire by the screw , so as to give it the proper
tension. The clamp is carried by a carriage Y, which by means of roller Z rests
on a curved arm a, which extends from the frame A. By means of a handle X the
carriage and clamp may be moved into the position that is required for giving the
proper direction to the wire while being wound.
When making springs a mandrel P of the proper size is placed between the
rollers and by means of the nut N the rollers G and M are pressed against the
mandrel P so that the mandrel is held fast between the rollers as shown and, when
the mandrel is turned, the rollers will revolve against the mandrel and at the same
time will roll along it according to the amount the bolts and rollers are turned,
whereby the proper pitch of the spring will be obtained. It is hardly necessary

page_text: to point out that it is preferable to have the rollers G and M slightly rounded off
so that they may he made to grip better in the mandrel or for this purpose they may
be provided with small riffles on their rolling surface. To obtain a certain pitch on
a certain size of mandrel the handle K is moved so that the distance of the same
from the scale is equal to the desired pitch at the place of the scale which corresponds
to the diameter of the mandrel that is used.
The scale may be placed on one side or the other according to whether a right or
left handed wound spring is desired. For the sake of simplicity the drawings shows
the rollers standing centrally for no pitch.
When making springs with a good initial pull-tension it is necessary that each
succeeding layer be laid quite hard upon that preceding it. In such a case the
follower is placed so as to press the wire hard against the coil already wound.
Said follower is fastened by means of the capscrew d to lugs c in the frame A and
moves in the spur e in the follower, so that the same can be adjusted to suit the
size of mandrel.
The handle B is provided with a web f, which is suitable for placing the apparatus
in a holding vice with the rollers upward. In such a case the mandrel may be turned
by hand and a lathe is not needed. When large springs are to be made it is desirable
to have the mandrel turned by machine power.
The action of the apparatus is obvious. The wire is fixed or held to the
mandrel in a suitable way and the apparatus placed so that the rollers G and M
press against several sides of the mandrel, as shown in the drawing. The wire is
next laid in the clamp U, which is tightened by means of the screw V until the
proper tension is obtained. The wire should be lubricated by placing some oiled
waste around it outside the clamp. When a tightly coiled spring with great initial
pull-tension is desired, the pitch will be just that of the diameter of the wire.
this case the handle K is placed so that the wire fits snugly between the handle
and the scale at the place corresponding to the diameter of the mandrel, and the
follower is placed so as to press tightly against the last wound coil. The mandrel
is now set revolving in the right direction, and the wire is thus coiled on the mandrel,
with the proper pitch to make a spring whose initial strength is as great as it is
possible to obtain. When a wider pitch is wanted this can be obtained by setting
the handle to correspond.
It is obvious that the apparatus can be made in several different ways, well
understood by those skilled in the art to which it appertains, without departing
from this invention. For instance, two mandrels may be used, the apparatus rolling
on one of them, while the spring is wound on the other, the mandrels being placed
side by side or one above the other and suitably geared together so that their
rotations are synchronous.
Dated this 9th day of April 1896
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents for the Applicant.
I, CARL ANDREAS VIKTOR HALLGREN of Grefmagnigatan 9, Stockholm,
Sweden, Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Hitherto spiral springs have generally been made by putting a mandrel in a

page_text: lathe and winding the wire thereon. The pitch of the spring has then to be
regulated by letting a piece of wire or the like, of the thickness of the space
between each coil, follow the wire between the same and the coil already
wound.
This method is possessed of several disadvantages. In the first place a lathe
has to be occupied, secondly, a different follower has to be used for every kind of
pitch wanted, and different for different sizes of wire, and, lastly, it is not possible
to wind a spring whose initial tension is very strong, inasmuch as in that case
the different coils have to be laid very hard against each other, which is a very
hard thing to do, without special arrangements therefor.
The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for use in making
spiral springs, which does not possess any of the above mentioned disadvantages,
but is suitable for producing spiral springs of any desired diameter and pitch and of
uniform size.
One method of carrying out my invention is shown in the drawings left with the
Provisional Specification in which:
Figure 1 is a plan view of such an apparatus, Fig. 2 is a side view of the same,
and Fig. 3 is an end view partially in section.
Referring to the drawings left with the Provisional Specification, A represents
a frame which is extended so as to form a handle B. On each side the frame is
provided with hubs C which form bearings for bolts or shafts D which pass
through and are free to revolve therein. Each of said bolts is at its inner end
provided with a bevel gear-sector E and a jaw F in which a roller G is centred so
as to be free to revolve. Between the said hubs is a sleeve H fastened to the
frame A by the bolts in the holes I. Another sleeve J provided with a handle K
is placed inside the first mentioned sleeve, so that the handle K projects through a
recess in the sleeve H. A bolt or shaft L, one portion of which is formed as a
semi-circle and is at the end of the semi-circle provided with a jaw having
a roller M centred therein, passes through the sleeve J and is fastened thereto so
as to turn with the same. The bolt L is at its other end provided with a screw
thread, and a nut N serves to draw the bolt more or less through the sleeve J.
A gearwheel O is fastened to the sleeve J, and meshes into the before mentioned.
bevel gear sectors E, so that by moving the handle K the bolt L will be turned in
one direction as the bolts D are turned in an opposite direction. When the
rollers G and M are of the same size, as is preferable, the pitch-diameter of the
gear-wheel O and of the bevel gear sectors E will have to be the same.
Alongside the handle K is placed an empirically graduated scale Q and the
handle K is provided with a boit R which moves in a groove S in the frame A so
that by means of a nut T on said bolt the handle can be held fast in any desired
position.
To guide and hold the spring wire, a clamp u is provided. The jaws of said
clamp can be tightened around the wire by the screw V, so as to give it the proper
tension. The clamp is carried by a carriage Y, which by means of rollers Z rests
on a curved arm a, which extends from the frame A. By means of a handie X the
carriage and clamp may be moved into the position that is required for giving the
proper direction to the wire while being wound.
When making springs a mandrel P of the proper size is placed between the
rollers and by means of the nut N the rollers G and M are pressed against the
mandrel P so that the mandrel is held fast between the rollers as shown and, when
the mandrel is turned, the rollers will revolve against the mandrel and at the same
time will roll along it according to the amount the bolts and rollers are turned,
whereby the proper pitch of the spring will be obtained. It is hardly necessary to
point out that it is preferable to have the rollers G and M slightly rounded off so
that they may be made to grip better in the mandrel or for this purpose they may
be provided with small rifles on their rolling surface. To obtain a certain pitch
on a certain size of mandrel the handle K is moved so that the distance of the same

page_text: from the scale is equal to the desired pitch at the place of the scale which
corresponds to the diameter of the mandrel that is used.
The scale may be placed on one side or the other according to whether a right
or left handed wound spring is desired. For the sake of simplicity the drawing
shows the rollers standing centrally for no pitch.
When making springs with a good initial pull-tension it is necessary that each
succeeding layer be laid quite hard upon that preceding it. In such a case the
follower bis placed so as to press the wire hard against the coil already wound.
Said follower is fastened by means of the set-screw d to lugs c in the frame A and
by means of the slot e the follower can be adjusted to suit the size of mandrel.
The handle B is provided with a web f, which is suitable for placing the
apparatus in a holding vice with the rollers upward. In such a case the mandrel
may be turned by hand and a lathe is not needed. When large springs are to be
made it is desirable to have the mandrel turned by machine power.
The action of the apparatus is obvious. The wire is fixed or held to the
mandrel P in a suitable way and the apparatus placed so that the rollers G and M
press against several sides of the mandrel, as shown in the drawing. The wire is
next laid in the clamp u, which is tightened by means of the screw V until the
proper tension is obtained. The wire should be lubricated by placing some oiled
waste around it outside the clamp. When a tightly coiled spring with great
initial pull tension is desired, the pitch will be just that of the diameter of the wire.
In this case the handle K is placed so that the wire fits snugly between the handle
and the scale at the place corresponding to the diameter of the mandrel, and the
follower is placed so as to press the wire tightly against the last wound coil. The
mandrel is now set revolving in the right direction, and the wire is thus coiled on
the mandrel, with the proper pitch to make a spring whose initial strength is as
great as it is possible to obtain. When a wider pitch is wanted this can be
obtained by setting the handle to correspond.
It is obvious that the apparatus can be made in several different ways, well
understood by those skilled in the art to which it appertains, without departing
from this invention. For instance, two mandrels may be used, the apparatus
rolling on one of them, while the spring is wound on the other, the mandrels being
placed side by side or one above the other and suitably geared together so that
their rotations are synchronous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;
1. In an apparatus for winding spiral springs, rollers pressing against several
sides of the mandrel, on which the spring is wound, and receiving motion from said
mandrel, and means for changing the angle of the rotation of said rollers, so that
their path on the mandrel will be spirals of the same pitch as the spring that is to
be wound, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In an apparatus for winding spiral springs, a carriage provided with suitable
clamps for directing the wire, and with friction rollers pressing and rolling against
a mandrel on three sides, and means for changing the direction of the rotation of
said rollers according to the pitch that is wanted on the spring that is to be wound,
substantially as described.
3. In an apparatus for coiling spiral springs, the combination of a carriage
having rollers that may be pressed against several sides of the mandrel, on which
the spring is to be wound, and whose angle of rotation can be adjusted so that the
paths of the rollers on the mandrel will be spirals of the same pitch as desired in
the spring, and a clamp that is moveable on the carriage, and through which the
wire can be tightly drawn, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. The combination with an apparatus for winding spiral springs, having rollers
that roll against the mandrel on several sides, so that the apparatus is moved along

page_text: the mandrel to correspond with the pitch of the spring, of a curved arm extending
one side of the apparatus and carrying a moveable and adjustable clamp through
which the wire to be coiled is drawn, substantially as described.
Dated this 9th day of January 1897.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62 St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents for the Applicant.