Improvements in Rotary Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 7th Oct.,
1899
CUALPLEIN DI MOITICATIO
Improvements in Rotary Engines.
A communication from THE EMPIRE ENGINE AND MOTOR COMPANY, Corporation
organized and existing under Laws of the State of New York, and having
its principal place of business in the City of Orangeburg, Rockland County-
N.Y.).
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
―
The object of my invention is to produce improved means for controlling the
fluid pressure applied to drive a rotary engine, and includes mechanism for
producing a variable and automatic cut-off mechanism for automatically con-
trolling the speed of the engine or motor, and mechanism for reversing the move-
ment of the engine.
A special and important feature of my invention consists in placing the cut-
off valves and the reversible valves with the rotative piston of the engine.
My invention in its several generic and specific aspects is designed to be
applied to any type of rotary motor, the particular variety shown in the drawings
being illustrated for the purpose of example.
Under the term rotary engine, or motor, I include all machines which embody
a rotary piston, as distinguished, for example, from a reciprocatory piston,
and which are adapted to be driven by fluid pressure. It should be understood,
therefore, that when, in the specification, reference is made to steam as the
actuating fluid, it is merely mentioned as one of a variety of fluids which may
be employed for the purpose.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. I is a section of a motor embodying one form of reversing and cut-off
mechanism, taken transversely through the cylinder and piston, and illustrating
the valves closed, and the mechanism at a standstill;
Fig. II is a similar view, showing the reversing mechanism shifted to open the
valves, one being illustrated as open;
Fig. III is a longitudinal section of the machine shown in Fig. I, with
the piston heads in the horizontal position;
Fig. IV is a view similar to Fig. II, illustrating by comparison with that
Figure. the automatic cut-off operation of the valves;
Fig. V is a longitudinal section of an engine, showing a modified form of valve,
automatically controllable by one form of governor;
Fig. VI is a central vertical section of Fig. V;
Fig. VII is an end view of the piston shown in Fig. V, with the reversing
eccentric illustrated in position;
Fig. VIII is a side elevation of the governor, with the case removed, looking
towards it from the position of the engine;

page_text: Fig. IX is a view of the governor, corresponding to that shown in Fig. VIII
but taken from the opposite side
Fig. X is a section on the line X-X of Fig. IX;
Fig. XI is a perspective view of one of the governor counter-weights shown
in Fig. IX;
Fig. XII illustrates in central longitudinal section an engine equipped with a
simple form of automatic cut-off mechanism, the special reversing mechanism
previously illustrated, being omitted. This form of embodiment of my invention
is peculiarly applicable to small motors;
Fig. XIII is an inside view of the cylinder head shown in Fig. XII, ilustrative
of the means for shifting the position of the annular cam that operates the
valves;
Fig. XIV is a transverse sectional view of an engine or motor, showing a
modified form of valve;
Fig. XV is an end elevation of the machine shown in Fig. XIV, with one of
the cylinder heads removed, showing the centrifugal counter-weights for actuat
ing the valves;
Fig. XVI is a longitudinal central section of the subject-matter of Fig. XIV,
with portions shown in elevation;
Fig. XVII is a perspective view of one of the valves illustrated in Figures XIV
and XVI;
Fig. XVIII is a perspective view of one of the centrifugal counterweights
shown in Fig. XV, detached;
Fig. XIX is an elevation of a modified form of governor, with the case
removed;
Fig. XX is a longitudinal section of the same, partially in elevation, with the
case attached;
Fig. XXI is a perspective view of one of the counterweights, shown in
Fig. XIX detached.
Referring first to the reference numerals on Figures I to IV inclusive, of the
drawings:
1 indicates the cylinder of the type of rotary engine illustrated by way of
example. The cylinder, as illustrated, is in two parts, and is provided with
flanges 2, by which it is united, as by means of bolts 3.
4 indicates one of the cylinder heads, 5 the other. 6 (see Fig. III) indicates
supply ports, which supply steam to the interior of the cylinder. As illustrated.
the cylinder heads are provided with annular flanges 7 and 8 which are internally
screw threaded to engage corresponding threads upon the opposite ends of the
cylinder 1. The cylinder heads are provided with suitable bearings or boxes 9
and 10, respectively, which carry, as in bushings 11, a piston shaft 12.
The piston 13, as illustrated, is of the well known spool shaft type, carried by
its shaft 12 eccentrically within the hollow of the cylinder 1. "It is provided
with transversely movable piston heads 14, which engage with the opposite
interior walls of the cylinder, and serve, under the propulsive force of fluid
pressure to impart rotary movement to the piston and its shaft.
15 and 16 indicate exhaust passages which communicate with the interior of
the cylinder, and which may be cored out in the body of the cylinder wall. The
ports 15 and 16 communicate with a chest 17 and a common exhaust pipe 18,
and are controllable, as by means of a suitable slide valve 19, actuated by a rod 20,
working in a stuffing box 21.
As above specified, the machine taken as aforesaid as a type of rotary engine
generally is one of well known construction, so far as the features above
enumerated are concerned.
Proceeding to the consideration of the distinguishing features which embody
my invention:
22 and 23 indicate suitable valve seats located within the body of the piston.
and which, as illustrated, are of cylindrical form.

page_text: Within the valve seats, respectively, I provide oscillatory valves 24 and 25,
adapted, respectively, to receive steam from the chambers 26 and 27, within the
cylinder heads 4 and 5, respectively, and to discharge it alternately through
transverse ports 28 and 29, respectively, into the interior of the cylinder 1 behind
the piston heads 14.
The steam spaces 26 and 27 are in constant communication one with the other
through the open portions of the valve seats '22 and 23, respectively, and com-
municating equal steam pressure to both ends of the piston, serve thereby to pre-
vent end thrust upon the same. For this reason, a single steam supply port 6
may be employed, if preferred.
In order to impart to the respective valves requisite movements so that they
shall alternately open and close during the rotation of the piston, so as to alter-
nately supply steam to the interior of the cylinder 1 upon one side of the piston
head 14 and to permit its exhaust therefrom upon the other side of the piston head,
it is necessary to employ suitable valve actuating mechanism. Such mechanism,
as will hereinafter more clearly appear, may consist of mechanism which, after
being set manually, will continue to perform its office automatically; or, of
mechanism which performs its office altogether by automatic means; or, it may
consist in the embodiment of both types of valve actuating mechanism in one
machine.
The first type of valve actuating mechanism comprehends, as illustrated in
Figures I to IV inclusive, reversing mechanism, inasmuch as the manual setting
of the valves may be employed to partially open or close the valves, so as to drive
the piston in one direction, or in the other, as required.
+
The second type of valve actuating mechanism is essentially a governor and
as such may be employed in connection with, or independent of, such reversing
mechanism as comprehends the manual setting of the valves within the piston.
The form of valve actuating mechanism embodying reversing mechanism is
clearly shown in Figures I to IV inclusive, of the drawings, and includes a
pendant or oscillatory member 30 that is pivoted, as indicated at 31, to the
interior of one of the cylinder heads, for example the head 5, and which carries
an annulus 32, which is of greater diameter than the shaft 12, which it encircles.
The annulus 32 terminates in a lug 33, to which, as indicated at 34, is pivotally
united a rod 35, which, passing through a stuffing box 36, in the wall of the
cylinder, is externally pivoted, as indicated at 37, to the extremity of a quadrant
lever 38, which is pivoted, as indicated at 39, to an arm 40, projecting from the
cylinder head, and which may be adjusted to required position, as by means of a
pawl 41 travelling over a notched quadrant 42.
43 indicates a rod which operatively connects the pawl with the usual
handle 44.
I prefer also to unite the stem 20 to the upper end of the lever 38, as by means
of a link connection 45, in order that movement imparted to the member 30
through the lever 38, may be proportionately communicated to the valve 19.
The movement of the member 30, in the manner to be hereinafter described,
controls the steam supplied to the cylinder, while, as above specified, the move-
ment of the valve 19, controls the exhaust. The movements of those two members
should, therefore, correspond with their relative functions.
The member 30 is provided with an annular boss 46, (see Fig. III), which
affords a pivotal support for an annular strap 47.
The strap 47 is provided upon one side with a radially projecting arm 48, and
upon the opposite side with a lug 49. The arm 48 is pivotally united, as indi-
cated at 50, to the arm 51, of the valve 24, and the lug 49 is pivotally united to
a link 49, which is also pivotally united, as indicated at 50%, to the arm 51 of
the valve 25. When, by the movement of the lever 38, the member 30 is swung
upon its pivot 31 to a position concentric with the shaft 12 (see dotted position
Fig. 1), the valves 24 and 25, respectively, are closed so as to exclude steam from
the valve ports 28 and 29. Consequently, the machine is brought to a standstill.

page_text: If, by the movement of the lever 38, the member 30 is swung to one side or the
other of the shaft 12 (see dotted position Fig. II) one of the valves opens, and
admitting steam against the piston head 14, drives the piston. The direction of
movement of the lever 38 determines the direction in which the piston will rotate.
As the piston rotates, the strap 47 turns upon its boss 46 and imparts alternate
oscillatory movement to the valves, so as to open and close them, respectively,
at required intervals, to produce the necessary supply and exhaust of steam.
In Figures V, VI and VIII of the drawings, an engine of the type previously
specified, is illustrated, together with a modified form of valve mechanism.
In those figures:
:
52 indicates a cylinder, 53 and 54 respective cylinder heads, 55 steam supply
ports, 56 a piston shaft, 57 a piston and 58 the exhaust port.
Extending longitudinally through the piston upon opposite sides of its longi-
tudinal axis, I provide bores 59 and 60, and within the same valve shells 61 and 62
of smaller diameter, and supported eccentrically therein, as upon end walls 63
of the piston. The shells may be formed integrally with the piston, or may be
made of separate inserted tubes. Fitting closely within the shells 61 and 62,
respectively, I provide hollow cylindrical valves 64 and 65, which, at their
opposite ends, are provided, respectively, with cross pieces 66 and 67. The valve 64
is provided at its opposite ends with studs 68 and 69, respectively, which project
in opposite directions from the cross pieces 66, coaxially with the valve.
valve 65 is provided with corresponding studs 70 and 71, projecting in like
manner from the cross pieces 67.
The
The valve 64 is provided with a series of longitudinally disposed spiral slits 72
which are adapted to register with corresponding slits 73 in the valve shell 61.
The valve 65 has slits 74 corresponding to the slits 72, which register with
slits 75 in the shell 62 corresponding to the slits 73.
The valves 64 and 65 being hollow from end to end are adapted to receive
steam from the supply port 55 and, when their respective slits register with the
slits of their respective shells, to deliver the steam through the valve ports 76
and 77 (see Fig. VI) into the interior of the cylinder. When the slits of the
valves 64 and 65 fail to register with the slits of their respective shells entirely
or partially, steam is either entirely or partially cut-off from the ports 76 and 77.
The disalignment of the slits of the valves and their shells, respectively, may be
produced either by slight rotary movement, or by longitudinal movement of the
valves within their shells, the spirality of the slits in the valve and their shells,
respectively, providing the means for closing the slits through the longitudinal
movement of the valves.
From the foregoing specification of the valves 64 and 65 and their correlative
parts, it will be apprehended that valve actuating mechanism may be employed
to operate the engine through control of the respective positions of the valves,
for which purpose the machine may be provided with the actuating mechanism
previously shown and described, with reference to Figures I to IV, inclusive.
(See Fig. V). The valve actuating mechanism being the same as that previously
described, the same reference numerals throughout have been assigned to its
several elements.
The connection between the studs GS and 70 and the valve arms 51 may be
a loose connection, as indeed it may be between the arms 51 and the valves 24
and 25, respectively. A loose connection is shown in Figures V, VI and VII,
in which the studs 68 and 70 are illustrated as square and inserted into corres-
ponding apertures in the arms 51. By this construction oscillatory movement
may be imparted to the valves 64 and 65, through the movement of the member 30,
as previously described, without preventing or impeding the longitudinal move-
ment of the valves through which, as above stated, they may be actuated to
produce disalignment of their slits with the slits of their shells, respectively.
I adopt the spirally slitted valves with their spirally slitted shells as an example
of means of embodying in the same machine independent movements of the

page_text: valves for distinct, though relative purposes. As illustrated in Fig. V, the
valves, with the valve actuating mechanism already described, may be employed
to drive the machine at a greater or less speed in one direction or the other, the
operation of the machine being, of course, automatic upon manipulation of the
valve actuating mechanism.
It is well known in practice, however, that the rate of speed of an engine or
motor under constant conditions as of steam supply, and the like, will be
variable. I, therefore, contemplate the employment in addition to the valve
actuating mechanism, variable and automatic cut-off mechanism for controlling
the rate of speed of the motor.
For that purpose I provide on the interior of the cylinder head 54, a spanner 80,
which, encircling the shaft 56, is secured at its opposite ends, as by nuts 81, to
the studs 69 and 71, respectively.
Upon opposite sides of the shaft 56, in suitable apertures in the collar 82 of the
cylinder head 54, I provide rods 83, which are operatively connected at one
end, respectively, to the spanner 80, and at the other end to a collar 84, that is
loosely mounted upon the sleeve 85 upon the governor frame 86. The collar is
provided with a recess 87, within which works the bulbous or round head 88 of
à bell crank lever 89, mounted, as indicated at 90, upon the lugs 91 projecting
from one side of the frame 86. The bell crank lever works in an aperture 92 in
the frame 86, and extending through the frame terminates in a second bulbous
head 93, where it is loosely connected with a rack 94, provided upon opposite
sides with teeth 95, which mesh with the teeth 96 of corresponding centrifugal
counter-weights 97, pivoted, as indicated at 98, to the frame 86. The counter-
weights 97 are adapted, in the usual manner, to separate under centrifugal force,
and in so doing, through engagement of their teeth 96 with the teeth 95 of the
rack 94, impart movement to the bell crank lever 89, which, through the collar 84
and the rods 83, force the spanner 80 towards the piston. The spanner 80 being
secured to the studs 69 and 71 carries with it the valves 64 and 65, whose longi-
tudinal movement is permitted by the loose connection between the studs 6S
and 70 and the arms 51. By this arrangement, if the speed of the shaft 56 exceed
a predetermined rate the counter-weights 97 tend to reduce the speed by shutting
off the supply of steam through the movement of the valves above described.
The resistance to the separation of the counter-weights 97 may be imposed in
the manner usual in governors of this class, as by means of a spring 100.
I prefer to locate the spring, as clearly shown for example in Fig. VIII, upon
the side of the frame 86 opposite to the counter-weights 97. It is set at one end
against the sleeve 85, and at the other end within a suitable socket 101 in a
yoke 102. To the opposite ends of the yoke, respectively, are pivotally united,
as indicated at 103, longitudinally adjustable rods 104, which are pivotally
united as indicated at 105, respectively, to crank arms 106 secured to the counter-
weights 97. The preferred construction for uniting the arms 106 to the counter-
weights is to make the pivot pin 98 movable within the frame 86, and secure
the crank arms and the counter-weights thereto as by keys 107.
The longitudinal movements of the spirally slitted valves in spirally slitted
cases or shells may be employed exclusively as an automatic alternating cut-off
for the valves. Such a construction is especially applicable, on account of its
simplicity and compactness, for use in small motors, in which the limits of size
and weight oppose objections to the employment of the more bulky reversing
mechanism, either alone or in connection with the governing mechanism.
A motor exhibiting this construction is illustrated in Figures XII and XIII,
in which:
110 indicates a cylinder, 111 and 112 the cylinder heads, 113 the piston shaft,
114 the piston and 115 steam supply ports.
116 indicates spirally slitted valves working in spirally slitted shells 117.
Each of the valves is provided with coaxial studs 118 and 119, working, for
example, in bearings provided in open work frames 120 and 121. The studs 118

page_text: and 119 are preferably squared and work in corresponding bearings to prevent
rotary movement of the valves. Each of the valves, as by a coiled spring 122,
seated at one end against the frame 121, and at the other against the cross
piece 123 which supports the stud, is yieldingly urged towards the open position,
or that position in which the slits of the valves and their cases, respectively,
register.
For closing the valves alternately at proper intervals, I provide in the path of
the studs 118, an annular cam 124, mounted in suitably packed recess 125 in
the inner face of the cylinder head 112. The cam 124 may be revolubly adjust-
able within its recess for the purpose of regulating the cut-off point of the
valve, for which purpose a slot 126 in the cylinder head 112 may be pro-
vided through which extends a pin 127 secured at one end to the cam, and at the
other end to a knurled head 128. Suitable packing may be provided for prevent-
ing leakage through the slot 126. The means for adjusting the cam 124 is merely
illustrated by way of example.
In Figures XIV to XVIII, inclusive, of the drawings, I illustrate variable
cut-off or governing mechanism for operating an exclusively oscillatory valve.
In those figures:
130 indicates a cylinder, 132, 133 cylinder heads, 134 piston shaft, 135 a piston,
and 136 steam supply ports. Within the piston are mounted hollow cylindrical
valves 137 (see Fig. XVII) which are provided preferably with a plurality of
longitudinally disposed parallel slits 138, which are adapted to make or break
joint with corresponding valve ports 139 in the piston. Each valve is provided
with a cross piece 140, one of which carries a crank arm 141, and the other a
crank arm 142. Each crank arm is provided with a wrist pin 143 and the arm 142
with an anti-friction roller 144, mounted on its wrist pin. The roller works
against a cam 145 formed upon or secured to the inner face of the cylinder
head 132. (Compare Figures XIV and XVI.) The contour of the cam 145 is
such as to afford the required alternate movement of the valves for the supply or
exhaust of steam during the rotation of the piston. The wrist pins of the crank
arms 141 are loosely secured, as by engaging with the walls of the slots 146 in
the wings of the centrifugal counter-weights 147, pivoted, respectively, as indi-
cated at 148, to the piston 135. The counterweights 147 connected, as by inter-
meshing teeth 148, are normally urged towards each other by suitable
mechanism, as for example, leaf springs 150. (See Fig. XV.)
To insure engagement of the rollers 144 with the periphery of the cam 145,
I employ springs 149, secured to the respective counterweights, and bearing
against the wrist pins 143.
When the counterweights 147 are united, both valves are open, and when they
are swung outwardly upon their pivots 148 both of the valves are closed partially
or entirely. The shape of the contour of the cam 145 will cause an alternating
outward movement of the valves independent of the counterweights, inasmuch
as it is the office of the cam to alternately close the valves. The proper office of the
counterweights is to automatically shut off the supply of steam. If the speed of the
weights is to automatically shut off the supply of steam. If the speed of the
shaft 134 exceed a predetermined rate imposed by the power of the springs 150,
both of the counterweights will turn upon their pivots, and simultaneously shut
off the supply of steam, whereupon, the speed will decrease to normal, and the
oscillation of the counterweights 147 will serve to maintain it in the same manner
in which the governing mechanism previously described maintains the rate of
speed, and in which centrifugal governors generally perform their functions.
In Figures XIX to XXI of the drawings, I illustrate a modified form of
governing mechanism adapted to be used for example upon the type of machine
shown in Fig. V.
The governor illustrated in the three figures last referred to is designed to
operate by a pull upon the valves, instead of pressure applied, and if substituted

page_text: for the governor shown in Fig. V would be incorporated with, or employed in
place of the cylinder head 53, instead of the cylinder head 54.
In Figures XIX to XXI:
151 indicates a governor frame, provided with a collar 152 secured to a piston
shaft 153. The shaft 153 is provided with an aperture within which works a
rod 154, which, as by means of a cross piece 155, working in a slot 156, in the
piston shaft, is operatively connected with the valves within the piston, not illus-
trated. The rod 154 is normally urged toward the piston, and in turn normally
opens the valves therein, as by means of coiled spring 150 supported at one
end upon a seat 157 secured to the rod 154, and at the other end against the disc
head 158, through which a smooth portion of the rod passes, and which is held
in place, as by a nut 159 secured upon the end of the rod 154. A case 160
of suitable contour surrounds the spring and other mechanism of the governor,
and is secured, as by screw threads 161, to the frame 151, thereby serving to
hold the rod in place, and to limit the movement of the disc head 158.
162 indicates a bell crank lever, pivoted as indicated at 163, to the frame
work 151. It is provided with a bifurcated end 164, which spans the rod 154,
and engages a boss or projection 165 secured to the rod. The opposite end 166
of the lever 162 is dish-shaped to receive the head 167 of a link 168, which
passes through a loosely fitting aperture in the end 166 of the lever, and which
is provided with a head 169 that is supported in a dish-shaped lug 170, of a
centrifugal counter-weight 171, pivoted as indicated at 172 (see Fig. XIX) to
the frame 151. The counterweight is provided with a spur 173, which is pivoted,
as indicated at 174 to a link 175, which is pivoted, as indicated at 176, to a
second counter-weight 177; also pivoted, as indicated at 178 to the frame 151.
By means of the link connection 175, the movements of the two counter-
weights are rendered mutual and inter-dependent.
Through the connection of the bell crank lever 162 with the counter-
weight 171, and the actuation of the bell crank lever by the spring 156", the
counter-weights are normally urged toward each other, as shown in Fig. XIX,
which, as above specified, is the condition under which the piston valves are
fully open. If the shaft 153, carrying the governor and its case should exceed
in speed the predetermined rate imposed by the spring 156", the counter-
weights 171 and 177 fly outwardly, turning upon their respective pivots 172
and 178. The movement of the counter-weight 171 is communicated through
the link 168 to the end 166 of the bell crank lever 162, and from the bifurcated
end 164 of the bell crank lever, upon the boss 165 of the rod 154, thereby actuat-
ing the rod against the force of its spring 156, and tending to close the piston
valves with which the rod is, as above specified, connected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is
1. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of a valve
carried in the piston, and adjustable valve-actuating mechanism, substantially
as set forth.
2. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of an
oscillatory valve carried in the piston, and automatic valve-actuating mechanism,
substantially as set forth.
3. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of an oscil-
latory longitudinally movable valve carried within the piston, and valve-actuat-
ing mechanism, substantially as set forth.
4. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of a valve
shell carried in the piston and partially separated therefrom, a valve carried
in the shell, apertures in the shell and valve, respectively, and valve-actuating
mechanism, substantially as set forth..
5. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of a valve

page_text: in the piston, apertures in the piston and valve, respectively, and automatic
valve-actuating mechanism, substantially as set forth.
6. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of a valve
working in the piston, parallel elongated apertures in the valve, and piston,
respectively, and valve-actuating mechanism, substantially as set forth.
7. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of a valve
working in the piston, spiral apertures in the valve and piston, respectively,
and valve-actuating mechanism, substantially as set forth.
8. In a rotary engine, the combination with a cylinder, of a piston therein,
the adjacent end walls of the piston and cylinder defining chambers, an annular
steam space intermediate of the ends of the piston, movable heads carried by the
piston and designed to extend into said steam space, valves controlling the ingress
of steam to the annular steam space from one of the chambers at the ends of
the cylinder, and means for supplying steam to said chamber, substantially as
specified.
9. In a rotary engine, the combination with a cylinder, piston and piston
heads, of a hollow valve working in the piston, adapted to communicate steam
pressure from one end to the other thereof, of correlative apertures in the valve
and piston, respectively, adapted to supply steam pressure behind the piston
heads at required intervals, and valve actuating mechanism, substantially as
and for the purpose specified.
10. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder piston and piston
heads, of a valve seat extending from end to end through the piston, a valve
partially occupying the same, means for communicating steam pressure through
the valve to the piston heads at required intervals, and valve actuating mechanism,
substantially as set forth.
11. In a rotary engine, the combination with its piston and cylinder, of an
oscillatory valve working in the piston, apertures in the valve and piston,
respectively, and mechanism for automatically actuating the valves through the
rotation of the piston within the cylinder, substantially as set forth.
12. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston enclosed
therein, of a cut-off and reversing valve carried within the piston, and mechanism
upon the exterior of the cylinder and operatively connected with said valve to
accomplish the reversing and to set the valve for the purpose of determining the
extent of the cut-off, substantially as specified.
13. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and a piston enclosed
therein, of controlling valves carried in the piston, automatic valve-actuating
mechanism within the cylinder and operatively connected with the valves, and
automatic cut-off mechanism located outside of the cylinder and operatively con-
nected with the valves within the piston, substantially as specified.
14. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and enclosed piston,
of an oscillatory and longitudinally movable valve carried within the piston,
means for effecting the oscillation of the valve to permit the intermittent delivery
of steam and means for automatically moving the valve longitudinally to effect
the cut-off, substantially as specified.
15. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and enclosed piston,
of an apertured valve shell, an apertured hollow valve within the shell, valve-
actuating mechanism, and means for supplying fluid under pressure to the
interior of the cylinder whereby said fluid may pass entirely through the hollow
valve to accomplish the balancing of the piston and may when the valve is in
the proper position pass from the valve through the shell to the point at which
its energy is designed to be utilized, substantially as specified.
16. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and enclosed piston,
of heads carried by the piston, apertured valve shells within the piston, hollow
apertured valves extending through the piston from end to end, said piston being
provided with passages leading to its periphery from the valve shells, and valve-
actuating mechanism, substantially as specified.

page_text: 17. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of a
valve working within the piston, said valve and piston being provided with
spiral apertures, means for oscillating said valve, and means for moving said
valve longitudinally, substantially as specified.
18. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of a
valve working within the piston, said valve and piston being. provided, respec-
tively, with spiral apertures, and automatic actuating valve mechanism for
oscillating the valve and for moving the valve longitudinally to effect the cut-
off, substantially as specified.
19. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of a
valve in the piston, said piston and valve being provided, respectively, with
spiral apertures, mechanism upon the interior of the cylinder for automatically
oscillating the valve, and automatic cut-off mechanism upon the exterior of the
cylinder arranged to move the valve longitudinally, substantially as specified.
20. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, longi-
tudinally movable valves in the piston, studs upon the ends thereof, and an
actuating cam in one of the cylinder heads engaging with the studs of the valves,
substantially as set forth.
21. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, longi-
tudinally movable valves in the piston, studs upon the ends thereof, and an
adjustable cam in one of the piston heads engaging with the studs of the valves,
substantially as set forth.
22. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of oscil-
latory and longitudinally movable valves within the piston, studs upon the ends
of said valves, an actuating cam in one of the cylinder heads engaging the studs
of said valves and designed to actuate them longitudinally, and means for effect-
ing the oscillation of the valves through the rotation of the piston, substantially
as specified.
23. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of con-
trolling valves carried by the piston, an exhaust valve upon the exterior of the
cylinder, and actuating mechanism common to all of said valves, substantially
as specified.
24. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of valves
within the piston, an oscillatory member within the cylinder and operatively
connected with the valves, an exhaust valve upon the exterior of the cylinder, and
mechanism for operating the oscillatory member and the exhaust valve, simul-
taneously, substantially as specified.
25. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of valves
in the piston, an oscillatory member upon one of the cylinder heads, oscillatory
valves in the piston, and mechanism operatively connecting the oscillatory
member with the oscillatory valves, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
26. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of a
plurality of valves carried within the piston, an element, as for instance, a
strap intermediate of and operatively connected with the said valves, and means
for shifting the position of the said element, substantially as set forth.
27. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of a
plurality of oscillatory valves carried within the piston, arms extending from said
valves, an annular strap operatively connected with the said arms, and an
oscillatory member supporting the strap and designed to effect its adjustment for
the purpose of actuating the valves, substantially as specified.
28. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of an
oscillatory member upon the cylinder head, oscillatory valves in the piston, a
strap movably secured upon the oscillatory member, and loose connections between
the valves and the strap, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
29. In a rotary engine, the combination with its cylinder and piston, of an oscil-
latory member upon one of the cylinder heads, oscillatory valves in the piston,

page_text: mechanism operatively connecting the oscillatory member with the oscillatory
valves, and mechanism for operatively fixing the position of the oscillatory
member, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 8th day of August 1899.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.