A New or Improved Apparatus or Holder for Carrying Carbons or Electrodes for Use in Electric Welding, Brazing, and the like ригрозев.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1898
Complete Specification Left, 11th Mar., 1899-Accepted, 13th May, 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Apparatus or Holder for Carrying Carbons or
Electrodes for Use in Electric Welding, Brazing, and the like
ригрозев.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM de TunzelMANN, 2 and 4, Penywern Road, Earls Court,
London, SW, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows.
In electric welding, brazing or local heating generally by means of an arc
struck between a pair of electrodes in the form of rods, the effect of the current
through the electrodes is to produce a magnetic field surrounding them and
unless the angle between the electrodes 18 exactly two right angles the effect of
this magnetic field is to deflect the are along the bisecting line of the angle between
the electrodes and in the direction from the smaller to the larger angle This
effect increases as the angle between the electrodes is diminished from 180°
to 0° when its effect is a maximum.
Unless, however, the carbons are separated in part or entirely by an insulating
substance I find it disadvantageous to make the angle between the electrodes less
than about 90°, as when the angle is made more acute, the arc instead of being
formed entirely between the extremities of the electrodes creeps up their sides
and the hottest part of the arc is formed between them instead of being thrown
out so that it can be directed upon the material to be welded, brazed or locally
heated for other purposes.
The apparatus devised for holding the electrodes is made of suitable material and
of a shape so as to remove the arc as far as possible from the insulation and also to
bring the centre of gravity as near as possible to a point from which the tool can
be suspended for convenience of manipulation, and is so arranged that the distance
of the electrodes from each other may be regulated as required while remaining
at right angles to each other by means of sliding holders actuated by screws or the
like In order to strike the arc. one of these screws is so arranged that it can
be moved in the direction of its length through a required distance, being main-
tained in its normal position by the action of a spring or other convenient means.
As an example, I find that the following is a convenient arrangement of my
apparatus The two carbons or electrodes are held in clips which are attached
to the sliding pieces which slide upon supports and their position may be adjusted
thereon by means of screws The two supports are insularly connected to the
frame and the relative angle of the electrodes or carbons may be varied by adjust-
ing the position of the clips on the sliding pieces. One of the sliding pieces is
operated by means of a sciew spindle so arranged and controlled by a spring as to
allow a certain amount of movement for the purpose of strengthening the are as
equired Suitable handles are provided which are protected by means of shields
for operating the apparatus, and in the event of it being too large or weighty to
be conveniently held in the hands a link is provided at or about its centre of

page_text: gravity by which it may be suspended. The current 18 supplied through suitable
terminals attached to the apparatus
Where it 18 important to make the magnetic directing force as strong as
possible, to do which the electrodes must be inclined at a small angle or be
parallel, and also to be able to get the arc into narrow apertures which cannot he
reached by electrodes at right angles to each other, I place the electiodes at a
very acute angle and fix them in a suitable apparatus similai in principle to that
alieady described allowing of contact being made for striking an arc, a wedge
or plate of refractory material being inserted between the electrodes to prevent
the arc from creeping up the sides Another method of effecting this purpose 18
to coat the electrodes, or their adjacent portions with a layer of material sufficiently
refractory to melt only when the arc itself reaches it and to fix the electrodes
the apparatus at a small angle which may be diminished if desired until they
become parallel
1000
A New or Improved Apparatus or Holder for Carrying Carbons or
Electrodes for Use in Electric Welding, Brazing, and the like
purposes.
GEORGE WILLIAM DE TUNZELMANN, 2 and 4, Penywern Road, Earls Court,
London, SW, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement
In electric welding, brazing, or local heating generally by means of an alc
struck between a pair of electiodes in the form of 1ods, the effect of the current
through the electrodes is to produce a magnetic field surrounding them, and
unless the angle between the electiode is exactly two night angles the effect of
this magnetic field is to deflect the arc along the bisecting line of the angle between
the electrodes, and in the duection from the smaller to the larger angle. This
effect increases as the angle between the electrodes is diminished from 180°
to 0° when its effect 18 a maximum Unless, however the carbons are separated
in part or entirely by an insulating substance I find it disadvantageous to make the
angle between the electiodes less than about 90° as when the angle is made more
acute the arc instead of being formed entuely between the extremities of the
electrodes creeps up their sides and the hottest parts of the arc is formed between
them instead of being thrown out so that it can be directed upon the material
to be welded, brazed or locally heated for other purposes
The apparatus devised for holding the electrodes is made of suitable material and
of a shape so as to remove the arc as far as possible from the insulation, and also to
bing the centre of gravity as near as possible to a point from which the tool can
be suspended for convenience of manipulation, and is so arranged that the distance
of the electrodes from each other may be regulated as required while remaining
at right angles to each other by means of sliding holders actuated by screws or the
like In order to strike the arc one of these screws 18 so arranged that it can
be moved in the direction of its length through a required distance, being main-
tained in its normal position by the action of a spring or other convenient means.
As an example, I find that the following is a convenient arrangement of my
apparatus The two caroons or electrodes are held in clips which are attached

page_text: to the sliding pieces which slide upon supports and their position may be adjusted
thereon by means of screws. The two supports are insularly connected to the
frame, and the relative angle of the electrodes or carbons may be varied by adjust-
ing the position of the clins on the sliding pieces. One of the sliding pieces 18
operated by means of a screw spindle so arranged and controlled by a spring as to
allow a certain amount of movement for the purpose of strengthening the arc an
required Suitable handles are provided which are protected by means of shields
for operating the apparatus and in the event of it being too large or weighty to
be conveniently held in the hands a link is provided at or about its centre of
gravity by which it may be suspended. The current is supplied through suitable
terminals attached to the apparatus
Where it is important to make the magnetic directing force as strong as
possible, to do which the electrodes must be inclined at a small angle, or he
parallel, and also to be able to get the arc into narrow apertures which cannot be
reached by electrodes at right angles to each other, I place the electrodes at a
very acute angle and fix them in a suitable apparatus similar in principle to that
already described allowing of contact being made for striking an arc, a wedge
or plate of refractory material being inserted between the electrodes to prevent
the are from oreeping up the sides Another method of effecting this purpose is
to coat the electrodes, or their adjacent portions with a layer of material sufficiently
refractory to melt only when the are itself reaches it and to fix the electrodes in
the apparatus at a small angle which may be diminished if desired until they
become parallel
Referring to the annexed drawings for purposes of illustration:―
Figure 1 is a plan view of my apparatus
C
Figure 2, 18 an elevation looking in the direction of arrow in Figure 1.
aand al are the carbon electrodes which are held in the clips b. The clips 1,
are attached to the sliding pieces c & c¹, and in the case of the sliding piece c br
means of the bolt and nut d, and by this means it will be seen that the angle at
which the carbons meet may be adjusted The sliding pieces c & c¹ slide upon
the supports & el The support is secured to the frame f by means of the
bolt and nut 9 or the like so that the relative angle of the electrodes or carbons
may be varied
The frame carries the support e, a pivotted link or the like
being provided for suspending the apparatus and so facilitating its use
sliding piece 18 operated by the screw spindle to which the milled bead or
thumb screw formed of insulating material is secured
The
The screw spindle i operates the sliding piece c and has a certain amount of
movement in the direction of the arrow 2
screw and sliding piece e back to ita normal position the end of the screw
is a spring which tends to bring the
spindle is provided with a collar or the like for controlling its movement.
By this means it will be seen that by exerting pressure at m the electrode ai
may be caused to approach the electrode a for the purpose of striking an arc, and
by removing the pressure the electrode a will then return to its normal position.
The frames f and fl are secured to a suitable block n of insulating material to
which is attached the handle o of insulating material and the shield
insulating handle attached to the support e, and which carries the shield p. These
ol is an
shields are for the purpose of protecting the hands from the action of the are.
By this arrangement it will be seen that the electrodes
desired angle to each other, and as they are consumed their ends may be caused
a & a may he set at the
to approach one another without altering their relative angles through the medium
of the screws & ¹ being rotated. 7 are the terminals to which the wires con-
veying the current are connected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1 An apparatus or tool for carrying electrodes or carbons for electric woldin.

page_text: brazing or local heating generally; consisting of two frames connected together
through the medium of insulating material one frame carrying a support adjust-
ably secured thereto upon which a sliding piece slides said sliding piece being
operated by means of a screw spindle and carrying a clip in which the carbon
or electrode is held the other frame carrying a support upon which a sliding piece
slides, said sliding piece carrying an adjustable clip for holding the carbon or
electrode and being operated by a screw spindle having a required amount of
play for the purpose of striking the arc or bringing the electrodes into contact
when required, said screw spindle being maintained in its normal position by
means of a spring or the like; handles provided at suitable parts of the apparatus
for manipulating same in conjunction with shields for protecting the hands of the
operator from the action of the electric are the whole being supported or suspended
by means of a cord or the like attached to a pivotted link carried at a suitable
part of the apparatus as near as possible to its centre of gravity for the purpose
of facilitating its manipulation, substantially as described, and illustrated herein,
and for the purpose set forth
2. In apparatus or tools for electric welding brazing or local heating generally
the combined construction of the various parts substantially as described and
illustrated herein, and for the purpose set forth
Dated this 11th day of March 1898.
'E EATON,
Agent for Applicant.