IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES, BRICKS, TILES, AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Clark, of Tamworth, in the County of
Warwick, Machinist, in the Employ of Messieurs Gibbs and
Canning, of Tamworth, aforesaid, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES, BRICKS, TILES, AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1869.
I, FREDERICK CLARK, of Tamworth, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, in the Employ of Messieurs Gibbs and Canning, of Tamworth,
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-.
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PIPES, BRICKS, TILES, AND
OTHER ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates principally to machinery for the manu-,
facture of pipes from clay, commonly called sanitary or drain pipes, but,
my said Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of other articles,
from clay or other materials.

page_text: My said Invention consists in the construction and arrangement
herein-after described of the parts of the said machinery whereby
hydraulic power is conveniently and economically applied to the working
of the ram or pressing tool in the manufacture of the said pipes and
articles. The said ram or pressing tool is connected with the piston rod
of a piston working in a hydraulic cylinder supported on the bed of the
machine, the said piston rod passing out at the bottom of the said
cylinder. The upper part of the hydraulic cylinder is in communication
with the hydraulic pumps herein after referred to. By the descending
motion of the piston in the cylinder the advance or pressing motion of
the ram or pressing tool is effected, and by the ascending motion of the
said piston the return motion of the said ram or pressing tool is effected.
To the said cylinder a slide valve is affixed, the said slide valve being
operated by the attendant by means of a lever. By working the said
lever the attendant can either open a communication with the upper
part of the cylinder and allow the escape of the waste water therefrom,
and at the same time open a communication between the lower part of
the cylinder and an ordinary hydraulic accumulator, or he can close the
upper part of the cylinder and cut off communication between the lower
part of the cylinder and the said accumulator. The motive power by
which the piston is worked in its descending motion is produced by a
series of three or other number of hydraulic pumps, the water from
which passes through a weighted lever valve and by a pipe to the upper
part of the cylinder. By means of a treadle and connecting rod the
attendant can at pleasure operate upon the lever of the lever valve
and direct the stream of water from the hydraulic pumps to the upper
part of the cylinder or cut off the said stream of water.
In working the machine the attendant operates upon the treadle and
slide valve lever so as to close the communication by which water escapes
from the upper part of the cylinder, at the same time closing the
communication between the hydraulic accumulator and the lower part
of the cylinder. The piston now performs its descending motion and
the ram presses out or forms a pipe or other article. The attendant then
presses his foot upon the treadle, thus shutting off the water from the
cylinder. At the same time by means of the slide valve lever he reverses
the position of the said valve, thereby throwing the lower part of the
cylinder into communication with the hydraulic accumulator and
opening the upper part of the cylinder to allow of the escape of water
therefrom. The piston and ram now ascend and are ready to make a

page_text: second stroke by the attendant suitably operating: the slide valve lever.
and treadle.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of articles made of
wet or dry clay, mixtures of clay and blacklead, terra cotta, and generally
of such materials as are or may be moulded in a plastic or dry state.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,.
filed by the said Frederick Clark in the Great, Seal Patent Office
on the 9th May 1870..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME; I; FREDERICK
CLARK, of Tamworth, in the County of Warwick, Machinist, in the
Employ of Messieurs Gibbs and Canning, of Tamworth, aforesaid, send.
greeting..
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing. date the Fifteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-.
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Frederick Clark, Her special licence, that
I, the said Frederick. Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Frederick Clark, my, executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times. thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should. and lawfully might make, use,, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;.the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE;
MANUFACTURE OF PIPES, BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM CLAY AND OTHER.
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho said:
Frederick Clark, my executors. or administrators, by an instrument in.
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should;
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to.
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months:
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Clark, do hereby declare-
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner, the same is to,

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates principally to machinery for the manufacture
of pipes from clay commonly called sanitary or drain pipes, but my said
Invention is also applicable to the manufacture of other articles from
clay or other materials.
My said Invention consists in the construction and arrangement
herein-after described of the parts of the said machinery whereby
hydraulic power is conveniently and economically applied to the working
'of the ram or pressing tool in the manufacture of the said pipes and
articles. The said ram or pressing tool is connected with the piston rods
of a piston working in a hydraulic cylinder supported on the bed of the
machine, the said piston rods passing out at the bottom of the cylinder.
The hydraulic cylinder is in communication with the hydraulic pumps
herein-after referred to. By the descending motion of the piston in the
cylinder the advance or pressing motion of the ram or pressing tool
is effected, and by the ascending motion of the said piston the return
motion of the said ram or pressing tool is effected. To the said cylinder
a slide valve is affixed, the said slide valve being operated by the atten-
dant by means of a lever. By working the said lever the attendant
can either open a communication with the upper part of the cylinder,
and allow the escape of the waste water therefrom, and at the same
time open a communication between the lower part of the cylinder and
an ordinary hydraulic accumulator, or he can close the upper part of
the cylinder and cut off communication between the lower part of the
cylinder and the said accumulator. The motive power by which the
piston is worked in its descending motion is produced by a series of
three or other number of hydraulic pumps, the water from which passes
through a weighted lever valve and by a pipe to the upper part of the
cylinder. By means of a treadle and connecting rod the attendant can
at pleasure operate upon the lever of the lever valve, and direct the
stream of water from the hydraulic pumps to the upper part of the
cylinder or cut off the said stream of water. In working the machine
the attendant operates upon the treadle and slide valve lever, so as to
close the communication by which the water escapes from the upper
part of the cylinder, and at the same time closing the communication
between the hydraulic accumulator and the lower part of the cylinder.
The piston now performs its descending motion, and the ram presses

page_text: out or forms a pipe or other article. The attendant then presses his
foot upon the treadle thus shutting off the water from the cylinder, at
the same time by means of the slide valve lever he reverses the position
of the said valve, thereby throwing the lower part of the cylinder into
communication with the hydraulic accumulator and opening the upper
part of the cylinder to allow of the escape of water therefrom. The piston
and ram now ascend and are ready to make a second stroke by the
attendant suitably operating the slide valve lever and treadle.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to de-
scribe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in which
the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, and Figure 2 in front elevation
machinery constructed according to my Invention for the manufacture
of sanitary pipes from clay; Figure 3 represents a vertical section of
the principal parts of Figure 2; and Figure 4 represents a portion of
the machine as herein-after described. The same letters of reference
indicate the same parts in each Figure of the Drawing.
a is the ram or pressing tool connected with the piston rods b, b, of
the cupped leather hydraulic piston c, which said piston.c works in the
hydraulic cylinder d. The said piston rods b, b, work through the
packings or stuffing boxes e, e, in the bed h. The said ram or pressing
tool as is situated immediately above the pipe mould f, in the axis of
which the core g is fixed, the said core g being supported by the rod g³
on the bed of the machine. i is a slide valve, the casing or chest. k
and removeable face plate of which are shown separately in Figure 4;
m, n, are passages opening respectively into the top and bottom of the
eylinder d and into the water chest or casing of the slide valve. The
said slide valve i is operated by the lever / through the rocking shaft P,
lever P, and valve rod ; is a packing through which the valve rod ³
passes. o is the supply pipe (represented broken off in the Drawing) by
which water from the hydraulic pumps herein-after described is supplied
to the water chest of the slide valve; and p is the waste or eduction
pipe by which the waste water passes from the cylinder d to the
cistern 9. On the top of the cistern q three or more hydraulic pumps
are situated. The working of the said pumps raises water from the
cistern 9, and forces it through the weighted lever valver and pipe o into
the slide valve chest k, and according to the position of the slide valve i
to the upper or under side of the hydraulic piston c.of the cylinder d.

page_text: When the valve is in the position represented in the Drawing, and
which is its normal position, the water from the pumps is forced up the
pipe o; when however the attendant presses his foot upon the treadle t
the action of the levor u, connecting rod i, bell crank lever w, and
connecting rod a upon the lever raises the valvo r, and water from the
pumps passes through the pipe 2 into the cistern q. On the attendant
lifting his foot from the treadle t the weight & depresses the lever and
restores the valve and parts connected therewith to the position repre-
sented. The waste or eduction pipe p. is in communication with the
cistern q. In working the machine the attendant depresses the lever l,
thereby bringing the slide valve i into such a position that the upper part
of the cylinder & is in communication with the hydraulie pumps by means.
of the pipe o. The pressure of the water from the said pumps forces down
the piston c and ram a, and the latter presses the clay from the mould f
and forms a pipe. When the piston'c has completed its downward stroke
the attendant presses his foot upon the treadle and raises the lever / by
the hand. The water from the hydraulic pumps is thus cut off from the
upper part of the hydraulic cylinder d and put into communication with
the lower part of the said cylinder. d,, causing the piston c to be raised
in the said cylinder. The upper part of the cylinder a being now in
communication with the waste pipe p the water above the piston c passes
back to the cistern 9 during the rising of the said piston c.
The ram a
is thereby raised into the position represented in Figuro 3, and the
machine is ready to perform another downward stroke by the attendant
lifting his foot from the treadle d and depressing the lever 7. Instead of
raising the piston c by means of the action of the hydraulic pumps it
may be raised by a hydraulic accumulator, the said accumulator being
connected in the well known way with the lower part of the cylinder..
Where great pressure is required I dispense with, the slide valve i, k, and
connect the supply pipe o directly with the upper and lower parts of the
cylinder, or I connect the upper and lower parts of the cylinder with a
high-pressure hydraulic accumulator. When the supply pipe is con-.
nected directly with the upper and lower parts of the cylinder the water
from the hydraulic pumps is shut off from the cylinder or put into
communication therewith by means of the treadle and valve r. The
waste water passes from the cylinder by means of waste pipes provided
with valves of the required construction.
Although I have represented my Invention as used in connection with
a pipe mould for the manufacture of sanitary pipes, yet my said

page_text: Invention may be used in connection with moulds for the manufacture
of bricks, tiles, or other articles from clay or other materials, but I
believe my Invention will be sufficiently understood by the description
herein-before given, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of articles made of
wet or dry clay, mixtures of clay and blacklead, terra cotta, and
generally such materials as are or may be moulded in a plastic or a dry
state.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illus-
trated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my Invention, the improvements in
machinery for the manufacture of pipes, bricks, tiles, and other articles
from clay and other materials herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, actuating the ram or press-
ing tool of the said machinery by hydraulic power applied by means
of mechanism constructed, arranged, and operating, substantially as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Clark, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
CHAS. B. CANNING,
Tamworth.
FREDERICK CLARK. (L.S.)