CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR MARKING OUT CURVED LINES UPON WOOD AND STONE, SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO THE MARKING OUT OF HAND RAILINGS, TOGETHER WITH IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR BORING AND SAWING WOOD
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Joseph Victory, of Henrietta Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Carpenter, for the Invention of "CERTAIN APPARATUS
FOR MARKING OUT CURVED LINES UPON WOOD AND STONE, SPECIALLY ADAPTED
TO THE MARKING OUT OF HAND RAILINGS, TOGETHER WITH IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR BORING AND SAWING WOOD."
Sealed the 23rd October 1855, and dated the 25th. April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Joseph. Victory - at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th April 1855.
I, JOHN JOSEPH VICTORY, of Henrietta Street, in the County of Middlesex,*
Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
APPARATUS FOR MARKING OUT CURVED LINES UPON WOOD AND STONE, SPECIALLY
ADAPTED TO THE MARKING OUT OF HAND RAILINGS, TOGETHER WITH IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR BORING AND SAWING WOOD," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in an apparatus for marking out upon the
wood for forming" "wreaths" for hand rails such cylindrical forms and
delineations as the wood has afterwards to be cut or reduced to by the ordinary

page_text: methods now practised. I first form a pattern or mould of the proper
geometrical curve, the sides of such mould being parallel; I then cut out,
by hand-sawing or otherwise, a square piece of timber to the exact curve of
the mould. The piece of wood when thus prepared has given to it by the
ordinary and well-known geometrical rules for cutting "wreaths" the proper
bevil or pitch; after which it is fixed at the required angle in the bench, and
the marking apparatus applied for delineating the cylindrical curve or form,
both concave and convex,, to which the wood is now to be cut for completing
the "wreath." This apparatus consists of a longitudinal shaft or round bar,
placed parallel with the front of the bench, and having fixed to it at both ends
a square sliding piece. These pieces slide to and fro in slotted frames fixed
down firmly to the bench, but are capable of being fixed in any desired position
by thumb screws, such positions being determined by graduations upon the
surface of the fixed frames. These graduations represent the radius of the
circle to which the wreath is to be cut. Upon the longitudinal shaft I place
two slotted arms, which are capable of being shifted nearer to or farther from
each other; each arm supports two sockets, which are free to slide up and
down in their slots when required, but can be fixed in any desired position by
set screws. These positions are determined by graduations upon the surfaces
of the arms, corresponding with and similar to those upon the fixed frames.
The sockets have drilled through them a circular hole, parallel to the longi-
tudinal shaft, through which is passed the marker for delineating upon the
wood the cylindrical curve. The marker may consist of either an ordinary
pencil or a pointed iron rod; the method of using this apparatus is as follows:
The curved piece of wood being fixed in the bench in the proper position, the
marker is placed in one of the sockets, and the arm brought up to the wood at
the proper point, when the arm and marker are caused by the workman to
travel along, and by pressing upon the end of the marker the proper curve is
delineated upon the wood. I have placed two sockets to each arm, the object
of which is to enable me to mark out both the concave and convex curves; the
sockets of each arm nearest to the longitudinal shaft are for marking the concave
or inner curve, and the farthest sockets for marking. the convex or outer line.
The space between the sockets.corresponds to the thickness of the wood. After
the wood has been thus marked and reduced to the curve so delineated, I pass
a rod through the sockets of both arms, whereby I am enabled to prove the
correctness of the work. After the pieces have been thus shaped, it is necessary
for forming the "wreath," that they should be accurately fitted together end to
end. This is accomplished by. means of a centre-screw, and a couple of dowels,
one on cach side of the screw. It often. happens when these screws and

page_text: dowels are placed in by hand, that, from a slight inaccuracy in boring the holes
previously to inserting the screw and dowels, a good joint is not made.
My Invention consists, secondly, in an improved clamp and guide, for both
holding the wood firmly in its place, and a guide for accurately directing the
bit into the proper place in the end of the wood. The sides of the clamp are
capable of being shifted by means of a right and left handed screw in order
to receive different sized pieces of wood, and the guide can also by means of a
screw be raised or lowered to the required position for boring the holes.
My Invention has reference, thirdly, to an improved saw frame for squaring
or cutting out the hand wreaths and other forms in wood. It consists of a
couple or more of thin saw blades, mounted in a suitable framework and
connected together by side rods. The saws are caused to reciprocate by means
of a steam engine or other prime mover. The wood to be cut is guided to the
saws by suitable parallel guides and stops, which have slots formed in them,
whereby they can be set at any required angle, and retained in that position
by set screws, whereby the wood can be cut at any bevil desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Joseph Victory in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
JOSEPH VICTORY, of Henrietta Street, in the County of Middlesex, Carpenter,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth; year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Joseph Victory, Her special licence that I, the said' John Joseph
Victory, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Joseph Victory, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN APPARATUS
FOR MARKING OUT CURVED LINES UPON WOOD AND STONE, SPECIALLY ADAPTED TO
THE MARKING OUT OF HAND. RAILINGS, TOGETHER WITH IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR

page_text: BORING AND SAWING. WOOD," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Joseph Victory, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Joseph Victory, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:
My Invention consists, firstly, in an apparatus for marking out upon the
wood for forming "wreaths" for hand rails such cylindrical forms and deli-
neations as the wood has afterwards to be cut or reduced to by the ordinary
methods now practised. I first form a pattern or mould of the proper geo-
metrical curve, the sides of such mould being parallel; I then cut out, by
hand-sawing or otherwise, a square piece of timber to the exact curve of the
mould. The piece of wood when thus prepared has given to it by the ordinary
and well-known geometrical rules for cutting "wreaths" the proper bevil or
pitch; or I form the pattern or mould by means of the apparatus repre-
sented in Figure 1 for marking out the section of a cylinder or the moulds
for the "wreaths" of hand rails. A, A; is a box, the two sides of which are
cut to the height or pitch the hand rail is required to be over the stairs; B, B,
are the sides of the box, and C the bottom thereof; D, D', D2, are three
blocks, two of them D, D³, being stationary, while the centre block D¹ is capable
of being moved to and fro on a screwed rod which is fastened at each end to
the stationary blocks D, D². The centre block D' has on its top side a hole,
in which is fitted a vertical round rod E. This rod serves as the centre of
the radius required for marking out the mould. The angle of the box is
determined by placing a thin piece of wood up the vertical side, and marking
the inclined plane. upon it, which will give the plumb line and a bevil applied
at right angles to the side, and the mould will give the required angle or bevil.
F is an arm revolving. round the vertical rod E, which is furnished with a
marker or pencil e, so as to describe the required circle in the centre of the
mould. Figure 1ª is a detached view of the bottom C of the box, together
with the parts attached thereto; G is an upright piece, bolted to the side of the
box, and having attached to it at its upper end a bar H, for supporting the
upper end of the rod E; I is a wrench for turning the nuts when required to
fix or shift the moveable block D¹, and the sockets in the revolving arm carrying

page_text: the pencil. The piece of wood when marked out is cut either by hand or by a
saw frame, hereafter to be described, after which it is fixed at the required
angle in the bench, and the marking apparatus applied for delineating the
cylindrical curve or form, both concave and convex, to which the wood has now
to be reduced or cut for completing the "wreath." This apparatus is repre-
sented in Figure 2, and consists of a longitudinal shaft or round bar A, placed
parallel with the front of the bench, and having fixed to it at both ends a square
sliding piece a. These pieces a, a, slide to and fro in the slotted gauges B, B,
fixed down firmly to the bench, and are capable of being adjusted by thumb
screws according to the graduations b, b, upon the surface of the fixed gauges.
These graduations represent the radius of the circle to which the wreath is
to be cut. Upon the longitudinal shaft A, I place two slotted arms C, C, which
are capable of being shifted nearer to or farther from each other. Each arm
supports two sockets c, c, which are free to slide up and down in the slots when
required, but can be fixed in any desired position by the set screws d, d,
according to graduations e, e, upon the surface of the arms, corresponding with
and similar to those upon the fixed gauges. The sockets c, c, have drilled through
them a circular hole parallel to the longitudinal shaft, through which is passed
the marker for delineating upon the wood the cylindrical curve. The marker
may consist of an ordinary pencil, or a pointed iron rod, or other suitable
tool. The method of using this apparatus is as follows:-The curved piece
of wood being fixed in the bench, as shewn in Figure 2, the marker is placed
in one of the sockets c, and the arm brought up to the wood at, the proper point,
when the arm and marker are caused by the workman to travel along the fixed
rod A, and by pressing upon the end of the marker the proper curve is
delineated upon the wood, which is then removed and cut to the line marked
out. I have placed two sockets to each arm, the object of which is to enable
me to mark out both the concave and convex curves. The socket of each arm
nearest to the longitudinal shaft are for marking the concave or inner curve,
and the farthest sockets are for marking the convex or outer line. The space
between the sockets corresponds to the thickness of the wood. After the wood
has been cut to the curves delineated, as aforesaid, I bring it back to the bench,
and pass a rod or rods through the sockets of both the arms C, C, whereby I
am enabled to prove the correctness of the work. When the pieces have been
shaped and proved, it is necessary for forming the "wreath" that they should
be accurately fitted together. This is accomplished by a centre screw and a
couple of dowels, one on each side of the screw. It often happens when. these
screws and dowels are placed in by hand, that, from a slight inaccuracy in boring
the holes previously to inserting the screws and dowels, a good joint is not made.

page_text: To obviate this I have invented a machine, which forms the second part of
my Invention, and it consists of an improved clamp and guide for both holding
the wood firmly in its place, and a guide for accurately directing the bit into
the end of the wood. Figure 3 of the Drawings hereunto annexed represents
an end view, and Figure 4 a side elevation, of this improved clamp and guide.
A, A, is a box; and B, a sole piece; C, C, are the sides of the clamp, which are
capable of being shifted nearer to or farther from each other, in order to receive
different sized pieces of wood, by means of the right and left handed screw D,
tapped through corresponding nuts in the sides; E, E, are guides projecting
from each side of the box, and on which the sides C, C, slide; F is a crank
handle on the end of the screw D for setting it in motion; G is a guide, free
to slide up and down in the box A; and H a screw, by which the guide is
raised or lowered to the required position for boring the holes in the end of
the wood; a, b, c, are three holes pierced through the guide G, which serve
to direct the centre-bit into the wood, and to insure that the holes when
thus drilled shall always be parallel and coincide with the holes in the ends of
all the pieces of wood. The centre hole b is for the reception of the screw,
and the two other holes a, c, for the dowels. The ends of the pieces forming
the "wreath," when thus drilled and fitted together, will be found to be
perfectly accurate.
My Invention has reference, thirdly, to an improved saw frame, for squaring
or cutting out the hand-rail wreaths and other forms in wood. It consists of a
couple or more of thin saw blades, mounted in a suitable framework and con-
nected together by side rods. The saws are caused to reciprocate by means of
a steam engine or other prime mover. The wood to be cut is guided to the
saws by suitable parallel guides and stops, which have slots formed in them,
whereby they can be set and retained at any required angle by set screws,
whereby the wood can be cut to any bevil desired. Figure 5 represents this
improved saw frame. A, A, is a table or bed, jointed in the centre, and hung
on an universal or common centre joint a; and B, a quadrant, by which the
table is set at any desired angle or bevil; C is the saw frame for holding two
or more thin saw blades. This frame is worked by the rack and pinion D, and
slides up and down upon the guides E, E. The wood to be cut is held between
the clamps F, F, which are slotted out and fitted with adjusting screws, so
that the clamps can be altered to suit any sized wood to be cut. G, G, are two
standards, having slots formed in them and fitted with pinching screws b, b, so
that when the bed B and clamps F, F, have been set at the desired angle or
bevil, they may be fixed in that position, and thus insure the wood being cut at
the proper angle.

page_text: And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,-
First, the apparatus for marking out "wreaths" upon wood or moulds for
forming "wreaths" for hand rails, herein-before described, and represented in
Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Second, I claim the improved holding and guiding clamp, herein-before
described, and represented in Figures 3 and 4 of the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
And, third, I claim the improved saw frame for squaring or cutting out the
hand-rail "wreaths" and other forms in wood, as herein-before described, and
represented in Figure 5 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Joseph Victory, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
JOHN J. VICTORY. (L.S.)