IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OR CYLINDERS OF COPPER OR ALLOYS OF COPPER
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Allen Everitt, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OR CYLINDERS OF COPPER OR ALLOYS OF COPPER."
Sealed the 15th June 1858, and dated the 15th December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Allen Everitt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th December 1857.
I, GEORGE ALLEN EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OR CYLINDERS OF COPPER OR ALLOYS
OF COPPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the casting of cylinders of copper or alloys
of copper, which cylinders have to be subsequently drawn upon mandrils
through collars or dies into tubes. I propose to cast such cylinders under
pressure in moulds formed in two or more parts, and of such sectional form
when the several parts of the mould are combined, that the area of the section
shall be somewhat larger than the intended size of the cylinder to be cast.
One mode of effecting this would be by leaving small spaces or fillets
between the edges of the semicircular or segmental parts of the mould, and
filling such spaces with sand or other suitable material, which would act as a
cushion. The mould being made up and the molten metal poured in, clamps
worked by screw, hydraulic pressure, or other suitable means, are instantaneously

page_text: applied to the outside of the mould, pressing the parts closely together, and
compressing the metal whilst heated into a more compact and homogeneous
mass, and avoiding air flaws and other imperfections.
Secondly, my Invention refers to the alloying of copper for subsequent
manufacture into tubes or cylinders, by which I am enabled to cast tubes or
cylinders which shall be sounder and more free from air flaws than is the case
with the metal at present in common use. It is a well-known fact that great
difficulty exists in the casting of copper cylinders free from air flaws, arising
from the ebullition which takes place during the process, and which produces
a honey-combed result in the casting, rendering the metal what the workmen
term "fuzzy," and unfit for the subsequent operation of drawing into solid or
unbrazed tubes. I find that by mixing with the pure cake copper a sinall
quantity of good scrap brass in the proportion of eight parts of copper to one
of brass, or thereabouts, a highly beneficial result is obtained in casting the
cylinders from the ingot, the casting being compact and free from air holes,
whilst it possesses the same or nearly the same ductility as pure copper, and is
almost as rich in colour.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Allen Everitt in the Great Seal Patent Office, on
the 15th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
ALLEN EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Allen Everitt, Her special license that I, the said Georgo
Allen Everitt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said George Allen Everitt, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all.
times thereafter duringthe term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OR CYLINDERS OF COPPER OR ALLOYS
OF COPPER," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Georg

page_text: Allen Everitt, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Allen Everitt, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
My improvements relate, firstly, to the casting of tubes or cylinders of
copper or alloys of copper under pressure, and for this purpose I can employ
cores of any suitable description; the molds or ingots are somewhat similar
to those now in use, but it is necessary that they should have a larger sectional
area when ready to receive the molten metal than the sectional area of the
tube or cylinder required to be produced. To obtain this, I leave between
the edges of the several parts of the mould spaces or grooves to be filled with
sand or other compressible material, which will act as a cushion in preventing
immediate contact of the edges of the mould. Directly the tube or cylinder
has been cast, I apply pressure by hydraulic or any other suitable means to
the outside of the mould, closing its parts together; the sand is thus forced
out, and the sectional area of the mould being thereby reduced, great com-
pression of the molten metal takes place, and a sound cylinder is produced.
The cushions or fillets of sand may, if requisite, be pierced with small apertures
to enable the air to escape more freely.
Secondly, my Invention refers to the alloying of copper for subsequent
manufacture into tubes or cylinders for printing rollers and other similar pur-
poses. This alloy consists of about eight parts of copper to one part of good
yellow brass, and by its employment I am enabled to produce a tube or cylinder
of the color of copper and free from the flaws or air holes to which tubes of
pure copper are liable. The tube or cylinder thus cast is afterwards drawn
down as a solid or unbrazed tube, and becomes a finished tube for employ-
ment as a printing roller or for other purposes of a solid drawn tube.
Thirdly, my Invention consists in cleausing or pickling tubes or cylinders of
copper or alloys of copper during certain stages of their manufacture, that is
to say, prior to the first operation of drawing, and also prior to every subse-
quent drawing operation (except the last); I immerse the tubes in a solution
of soft soap and water, also applying the same solution to the outside of the
tube whilst it is being passed through the dies.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to bo performed, I wish it to be understood that that which I
claim is,―
Firstly, the improvements in the casting of tubes or cylinders of copper by
the application of pressure during the operation, as herein (described.
Secondly, I claim the improvement in manufacturing solid drawn or
unbrazed tubes for printing rollers and other similar purposes, by alloying tho
copper of which they are to be made with the proportion or nearly the
proportion of brass herein specified.
And, thirdly, I claim pickling or cleansing solid drawn tubes in or with a
solution of soft soap and water during certain stages of their manufacture, as
herein more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Allen Everitt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
GEORGE ALLEN EVERITT. (L.S.)