IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTEN- INGS FOR WINDOW SASHES AND CASEMENTS, AND IN CHAIN USED FOR SUS- PENDING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Young, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTEN-
INGS FOR WINDOW SASHES AND CASEMENTS, AND IN CHAIN USED FOR SUS-
PENDING WINDOW SASHES."
Sealed the 25th January 1859, and dated the 20th November 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1858.
I, JOHN YOUNG, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR WINDOW SASHES AND CASEMENTS, AND IN CHAIN USED
FOR SUSPENDING WINDOW SASHES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists firstly, in applying locking mechanism of the kinds
herein-after described, to the fastenings of window sashes and casements, so
that the said fastenings cannot be acted upon so as to permit of the unfas-
tening of the sashes or casements without the use of a key. The locking
mechanism may consist of a series of tumblers, with which a bolt constituting
part of the fastening engages, which said bolt like the bolt of a lock cannot
be withdrawn until by the action of a key the tumblers are severally
raised to a proper height; or the fastening and locking may be effected by
means of the rotation of an axis turned by the key. An incline or cam on
the said axis engages with the arm of the fastening fixed on one of the sashes,
the said cam and the mechanism connected therewith being situated on the
other sash. On the rotation of the axis the arm engages with the cam,
thereby fastening the sashes, the said sashes at the same time being pulled
closely together. The locking and unlocking of this fastening is effected by

page_text: a motion of the axis in the direction of its length. An arm on the said
axis prevents the rotation of the said axis, until by pushing against the key
the axis is so far moved that the said arm is brought opposite to a slot, into
which it can enter and permit the turning of the axis. When the cam has
been so turned as to effect the fastening of the sashes, the arm upon the
axis is not engaged in the said slot, and a spring gives motion to the axis
in the direction of its length. In order to unfasten this fastening, the axis
must be first pressed either by a detached key or a fixed knob, and then
a rotatory motion given to it, when the sashes will be disconnected from one
another.
The arms of either of the fastenings may engage with the locking mechanism
by motion either in a horizontal or a vertical plane.
My Invention consists, secondly, in making chain used for suspending sashes
of alternate cast single links, and wrought or stamped double links, the said
links, being joined together by pins in the usual way. By this method of
construction great strength and simplicity are secured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th May 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
YOUNG, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Young, Her special licence that. I, the said John Young, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Young, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR WINDOW SASHES AND CASEMENTS, AND IN CHAIN USED FOR SUS
PENDING WINDOW SASHES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Young, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Young, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists, firstly, in applying locking mechanism of the kinds
herein-after described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings to the
fastenings of window sashes and casements, so that the said fastenings cannot
be acted upon so as to permit of the unfastening of the sashes or casements
without the use of a key. And also the sash and casement fastenings without
locking mechanism, herein-after described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
One method of carrying this part of my Invention into effect is represented
in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying Drawings.
Figure 1 representing in plan a sash fastening constructed according to this
part of my Invention, the two parts of the fastening being disengaged from
one another; Figure 2 representing the same, with the case of one of the
parts of the fastening removed, the two parts of the fastening being engaged
with one another; and Figure 3 representing a longitudinal vertical section of
the same taken through the line a, Figure 2. b, c, are the two parts of the
fastening secured respectively to the sashes d and e, as represented. The
part carries the bolt f, by which the sashes are fastened together, and the
part c carries the mechanism herein-after described for fastening and locking
the said bolt f; g is a horizontal axis, one end of which has a milled nut h,
for the purpose of turning the said axis, and the opposite end of the said axis
carries a cam i. The edge or periphery of the said cam i is turned at right
angles to the body of the same, forming a rim thereto, as seen at ¹ in Figures
2 and 3. The lower part of the said cam i is wedge-shaped, as seen in the
separate view of the said cam, Figure 4. In engaging together the two parts
of the fastening, the bolt f is turned and brought over the junction of the
Itwo sashes, as seen in Figure 2. The cam i is then turned and made to
engage with the said bolt f, as shewn in Figures 2 and 3, that is to say, the
wedge-shaped point of the cam i first engages behind the tongue f¹ of the
bolt f, and draws the two sashes together. By the further rotation of the cam
the overhanging rim of the said cam engages behind the said tongue f¹, and

page_text: effectually secures the two parts of the fastening together. The cam ii
provided with a stop or pin k, for the purpose of arresting the motion of the
said cam when it has engaged sufficiently with the tongue of the bolt f. In
order to preserve or lock the two parts of the fastening in their engaged
position, I add to the part c locking mechanism, consisting of a tumbler, or o
a series of tumblers turning upon the axis m. The said tumblers are
pressed downwards by the springs n. When the said tumblers are in the
depressed position, indicated in dotted lines in Figure 3, the edge of the cam
on the said cam being turned for the purpose of disengaging it from the
tongue f¹, strikes against the edge of the tumblers l, and the further motion of
the cam arrested. By the insertion and turning of the key o (shown
separately in Figure 5), the said tumblers are raised, as shown in Figure 3,
when the cam i can now pass the said tumblers, and liberate the two parts of
the fastening from one another. Instead of making the locking mechanism
of the sash fastening, or that part locked and unlocked by a key act indirectly
upon the bolt of the fastening, as in the fastening last described, I sometimes
make the locking mechanism engage directly with the said bolt. This part of
my Invention is represented in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9 of the accompanying
Drawing, Figure 6 representing in plan a sash fastening constructed according
to my Invention; Figure 7 representing a side elevation of one part of the
fastening; Figure 8 representing a side elevation of the other part of the
fastening, and Figure 9 representing the same, partly in section. p, q, are
the two parts of the fastening fixed on the sashes r, s, respectively. The
part q carries the series of tumblers t, turning on a joint at u, the said
tumblers being pressed down by springs v. In order to fasten or lock the
two parts of the fastening together, a semi-rotation is given to the key w
(shown separately in Figure 10), and the tumblers are raised into the
position shewn in Figure 9. The bolt a is now brought over the sashes, as.
indicated in dotted lines in Figure 6, the tongue a² of the said bolt entering a
recess in the tumblers t, as represented. By now further turning the key w 3
until it no longer acts upon the tumblers, the said tumblers descend into the
position indicated in dotted lines in Figure 9, the claws t² of the said tumblers
engaging behind the arrow-shaped head of the tongue of the bolt, and thus
firmly secure and lock the two parts of the sash fastening together; or,
instead of raising the tumblers t previous to inserting the bolt æ in its place, 3
the said tumblers may be left in their depressed position, as indicated in dotted
lines in Figure 9. By pressing the bolt a into its place in the fastening, the
arrow-headed tongue 2 of the said bolt a presses against and raises the
tumblers t. until the said tongue has passed them, when the said tumblers

page_text: being pressed down by their springs, the claws t of the said tumblers engage
behind the said tongue, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 9, and effect the
locking of the said bolt. When the bolt has been locked as described, the
small bolt y is shot forward by its knob 2, and made to engage behind the
shoulder of the bolt x. The end of the said bolt y is wedge-shaped; and
the shoulder against which it slides is inclined, so that when the said bolt y
is shot, it draws the two parts of the fastening together, and effectually closes
the sashes. When the bolting mechanism by which the two parts of the
sash fastening are bolted together is not required to be locked and unlocked by
a key, I dispense with the locking mechanism, as seen in the sash fastening
represented in plan in Figure 11, the two parts being disconnected from each.
other in side elevation of one part of the fastening in Figure 12, and the.
longitudinal vertical section of the same in Figure 13. Figure 14 represents.
the two parts of the fastening in horizontal section, the said parts being con-
nected with one another. As the construction of the sash fastening represented
in Figures 11, 12, 13, and 14 resembles in all essential respects (excepting'
that the locking mechanism is omitted) the sash fastening described and
represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and as the parts in Figures 11, 12, 13,
and 14 are marked with the same letters as those in Figures 1, 2, and 3, I:
do not think a further description of the same necessary.
Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 of the accompanying Drawings represent
another sash fastening constructed according to my Invention. Figure 15.
representing a plan of the two parts of the sash fastening disengaged from one
another, Figure 16 representing the same with the two parts engaged with.
one another; Figure 17 representing a horizontal section of one part of the
fastening; Figure 18 representing a side elevation of the other part of the.
fastening, with a portion of the case removed, for the purpose of showing its
interior; and Figure 19 representing a longitudinal vertical section of the
same, with a part of the mechanism removed, as herein after explained.
1, 2, are the two parts of the fastening secured to their respective sashes. The.
part 1 carries the bolt or arm 3, by which the two parts 1, 2, are secured.
together, and the part 2 carries the bolting and locking mechanism, as herein-,
after explained. In this sash fastening the bolt or arm 3 is made to engage >
with the part 2 with a vertical motion instead of a horizontal motion, as in the:
fastenings before described. The said bolt or arm 3 turns upon a centre or.
pin 4 working in the plate 5, and the said bolt or arm when the sashes are
required to be raised or lowered is made to lie flat upon the sash to which it.
is affixed, as shown in Figure 15. To engage the two parts of the fastening
together, the bolt or arm 3 is raised into a vertical position. The longer arm.

page_text: of the said bolt is now turned upon the joint 6, and the tongue 32 of the said
bolt is made to enter the slot or hole 7 in the plate of the part 2, as seen in
Figure 16; 8 is a catch or bolt sliding between the bar 9 and plate 10 (see
Figure 19). By shooting the said bolt 8 by its knob 11, the end 82 of the said
bolt is made to engage with the tongue 32 of the arm 3, and hold down the
said arm, as well as draw together the two parts of the fastening. The bolt 8
may be prevented from being withdrawn from the arm 3 by the following
locking mechanism :-Parallel with the said bolt 8 is a series of tumblers 12
turning on the joint 13. When the bolt 8 is not shot forward, a plate 14 on
the said bolt 8 enters slots 15 in the several tumblers 12, and supports the
said tumblers in the position represented in Figure 18. When the bolt 8 is
shot, the said tumblers being no longer supported by the plate 10 fall, being
pressed down by the springs 16. When the tumblers are in the position last
described, the slots in the said tumblers being no longer opposite to the plate
14 on the bolt 8, the withdrawal of the said bolt from the arm 3 is prevented.
To unlock the fastening, the tumblers 12 are severally raised by the key 18,
and the slots in the said tumblers brought opposite the plate 14 on the bolt 8,
when, by sliding the said bolt 8, the said plate 14 enters the slots in the
tumblers, the said plate and tumblers assuming the position shown in
Figure 18. The bolt 8 being thus withdrawn from the tongue of the arm 3,
the said arm can be raised from the slot 7, and the two parts of the fastening
disengaged from each other. In Figure 19 the tumblers 12 and plate 19 by
which they are carried are removed for the purpose of showing the con-
struction of the bolt or catch 8.
:
Figure 20 of the accompanying Drawings, represents, in plan, another
sash fastening constructed according to my Invention, the two parts of the
fastening being engaged with one another. Figure 21 represents a front
elevation of one part of the said fastening; and Figure 22 represents a vertical
section of the same, taken through the line x, Figure 21. The other Figures
represent detached portions of the same, as herein-after explained. In this
fastening, the locking and unlocking of the two parts of the fastening is
effected by the rotation of an axis turned by a key. The bolt or arm 21 fixed
on the part 22 of the fastening is secured to the other part 23, by the engage-
ment of the cam 24 behind the tongue 25 of the bolt or arm 21, the axis 26,
carrying the said cam 24, being turned by the key shown separately in
Figure 23. The action of the said cam 24, on its engagement with the tongue
25, is precisely similar to that described with reference to the sash fastening
represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. The locking and unlocking of this
fastening is effected as follows:-27 is a plate, the axis 28 of which slides in

page_text: the hollow axis 29 of the cam 24; the said plate 27 is pressed towards the
plate 30 by the coiled spring 31. The shape of the said plate 27 will be best
seen by referring to the separate views of the said plate in Figure 24; 32, 32,
are projections on the axis of the plate 17, which said projections engage in slots
in the axis 29, so that the said plate 27 rotates with the said axis 29. When
the parts of the fastening are in the position represented in Figures 20 and 22,
the cam 24 is engaged with the tongue of the bolt or arm. 21; and the, said
cam 24 is prevented from being turned by the plate 27, the flat edge 27¹ of
which bears against the base plate of the fastening, as seen in Figure 22.
To unlock the fastening, the axis 28 of the plate 27 is pressed by the key in
the direction of its length, until the said plate 27 is brought over the slot 33
in the fastening. By now turning the key the said plate 27 is made to enter
the said slot, the cam 24 at the same time being turned and disengaged from
the bolt or arm of the fastening, and the two parts of the fastening disengaged
from one another. To lock the fastening, the axis 29 is turned until the
plate 27 is raised from the slot 33, when the said plate being pressed by the
spring 31, assumes the position represented in Figure 22, the cam 24 being
at the same time engaged with the arm of the fastening. Instead of using a
detached key for effecting the pressing and turning of the axes 28 and 29, a
fixed knob may be used:
The bolt or, arm 21 on one part of the fastening last described may be made
to engage with the other part of the said fastening by a vertical motion instead
of by the horizontal motion described.
;
Figure 25 represents in plan another sash fastening made according to my
Invention, the two parts of the fastening being disconnected from each other.
Figure 26 represents a side elevation of the same, the two parts being con-
nected with each other; and Figure 27 represents a vertical section of the
same taken through the line 34; Figure 26, 35, 36, are the two parts of, the
fastening fixed on their respective sashes; 37 is the arm of the fastening, near
the end of which a conical hollow socket 38 is made. To secure the two parts
of the fastening together, the arm 37 is turned, and made to enter the
cylindrical case 39 of the part 36 of the fastening, as indicated in dotted lines
in Figure 25. The upper contracted part of the said cylindrical case 39 is
made into a screw box 40, in which said screw box the screw 41 works; by
driving home the said screw 41, its conical end is made to engage in the
conical socket 38 on the arm 37, and draw and secure together the two parts
of the fastening.
Although I have only described this part of my Invention with reference to
the fastenings of window sashes, yet the same may be applied to casements.

page_text: :
My Invention consists, secondly, in making chain used for suspending
window sashes, of alternate cast single links, and wrought or stamped double
links, the said links being jointed together by pins in the usual way.
Figure 28 of the accompanying Drawings represents a side elevation of a
piece of chain, made according to my Invention; and Figure 29 represents
.a front elevation of the same. 42, 42, are the single cast links (shewn
.separately in Figure 30), the said links 42 being joined together by the double
wrought or stamped links 43, 43, (shewn separately in Figure 31). The said
.alternate single links 42, 42, and double links 43, 43, are jointed together by
pins 44, 44, as represented. By this method of constructing chain, great
strength and simplicity are secured.
i
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same may
be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as
my Invention,
Firstly, the improvements in fastenings for window sashes and casements,
the said fastenings being locked and unlocked by the use of a key herein-before
described, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24, of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, the improvements in fastenings for window sashes and casements
herein-before described, and illustrated in Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 25, 26,
and 27 of the accompanying Drawings, and also the modification described
with reference to Figures 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24.
Thirdly, making chain to be used for suspending window sashes of alternate
cast single links, and wrought or stamped double links as herein-before
described, and illustrated in Figures 28, 29, 30, and 31 of the accompanying
Drawings..
In witness whereof, I, the said John Young, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN YOUNG. (L.S.)