IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND REGULATING HEAT APPLICABLE TO CULINARY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Phillips, of Nunhead, Peckham, in
the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND REGULATING HEAT APPLICABLE TO CULINARY
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 23rd March 1860, and dated the 28th September 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Phillips
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2 th September 1859.
I, WILLIAM HENRY PHILLIPS, of Nunhead, Peckham, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND REGULATING HEAT APPLI-
CABLE TO CULINARY AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object arrangements of apparatus for generating
and regulating heat, and economically applying the same to culinary and other
purposes; and the first part of iny Invention consists in the arrangement of a
portable cooking stove or fire-place so that the heat derived from the com-
bustion of the fuel shall be more economically and advantageously applied to
culinary purposes than heretofore. For this purpose I construct the stove-or
fire-place of metal or other suitable material, with an open front closed by bars
[Price 8d.1

page_text: or a perforated plate, the other surfaces of the fire chamber being by prefer-
ence surrounded by an air space or spaces to prevent radiation of heat. The
upper part of this fire chamber is provided with a flue to conduct the smoke
or products of combustion away to a chimney or into the open air; this flue
is made capable of moving on a joint or axis so that it may be inclined from a
vertical to a horizontal position, and placed at any angle of inclination, by
which means the draft of the fire may be increased or diminished as required.
And the regulation of the draft may be further governed by a valvular opening
above the open fire-bars or perforations so as to admit air direct to the
chimney or flue above the fire, and thus check the draft through the fire itself;
and this portable-fire-place or stove may be furnished with suitable receptacles
for receiving cooking utensils either for roasting, boiling, or broiling.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging apparatus suitable for
generating and regulating the heat in ovens or closed chambers. For this
purpose I construct an oven or closed chamber of iron or other suitable
material, and I prefer to surround the same by an air space, although this is
not essential. Within this chamber an oven is placed and supported so as to
leave a space around it for the circulation of the heat from the fire which is
placed below it; this fire is contained in a shallow tray open on the upper
surface having a tube or passage, through which air is admitted to the fire, and
this tray may be furnished with a false bottom, and the tube or air supply passage
is furnished with 'a valve to regulate the 'admission of air to the fire. The
oven is furnished with a tray to receive the articles to be cooked, and the end
of this tray is so formed as to close and form a door to the oven. The smoke
and gases from the fire ascend around the oven, and pass away to a flue or
passage, which is capable of being inclined from the perpendicular to any
suitable angle in order to regulate the draft as before described. And I would
remark, that this mode of varying the position of the flue which carries off the
products of combustion is also applicable to other stoves, furnaces, and fire-
places where the regulation of the draught is required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 28th March 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY PHILLIPS, of Nunhead, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord
one thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year
of Her reigu, did, for Herself, Her::heirs and successors; give and grunt,
unto me, the said William Henry Phillips, Her special licence that I, the
said William Henry Phillips, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said. William Henry Phillips, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GE NE
BATING AND REGULATING HEAT APPLICABLE TO CULINARY AND OTHER PURPOSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Henry Phillips,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar: months next and immediately; after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
**
1. NOW KNOW.YE, that I, the said William Henry Phillips, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
:: This Invention has for its object arrangements of apparatus for generating
and regulating heat, and economically applying the same to culinary and other
purposes; and the first part of my Invention consists in the construction and
arrangement of portable cooking stoves or fire-places, so that the heat derived
from the combustion of the fuel shall be more economically and advan-
tageously applied to culinary and other purposes than heretofore. It is well
known that the cooking stoves or fire-places in common use require to have
the fire in them (which generally consists at the commencement of wood and
coal) lighted for a considerable time before they give off-sufficient heat for
cooking or heating purposes; and the first part of my Invention has for its
object such arrangements of portable cooking stoves or fire-places, that.the
fires when first lighted therein shall become at once available for applying the
heat generated therein to culinary and other purposes..
Aud in order that this part of my Invention may be most fully understood,
I will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto apnexed........

page_text: Figure 1 shows a perspective view, and Figure 2a vertical section of a portable
cooking stove or fire-place constructed according to this part of my Invention.
a is a narrow chamber or fire-place, three inches wide or thereabout, made of
sheet metal or other suitable material. The front and bottom of the chambera
at a¹ is perforated with holes or with openings forming bars, and a² is a
valvular opening through which the wood or other fuel may be introduced into
the chamber a, or by which air may be admitted above the fire to regulate
the draft when required. At the upper part and back of the chamber a a
horizontal passage or chamber 6 is formed, which conducts the smoke and
products of combustion away to the flue b', the part 6 of which is connected:
by a socket joint, and is capable of moving into an inclined or horizontal position
so as to increase or diminish the draf through the fire in the chamber a;
63 is au opening in the passage or chamber.6 (which may be closed by a lid
into or over which a kettle, saucepan, frying pan, gridiron, or other cooking
utensil may be placed; c is a plate hinged at c¹ to the front of the chamber a
to support a "Dutch oven" or "hastener" d, containing the chops, steaks, or
other articles to be cooked in front of the open fire in the chambera; e is a
book or hooks fixed on the back of the chamber a, by which a portable stove
of this description may be hung or suspended on the bars of an ordinary fire-
grate, as shown at Figures 3 and 3*, the smoke and products of combustion
being conducted away to the chimney by the flue b¹.
Figure 4 shows a front view, and Figure 5 a vertical section of a similar
portable stove or fire-place, which is of circular form, and capable of standing
on feet, as shown, or it may be attached by a hook e to a fire-grate or other
convenient place. The corresponding parts are marked with similarletters of
reference to those previously described in Figures 1 and 2. Figures 4*
and 5x shew two views of a similar stove suitably constructed for burning
spirit, oil, or melted fat, which is supplied from a vessel a* to the narrow
closed chamber a by means of a tube with a stop-cock, as shown, the front
plate of the chamber a being perforated with small holes for the escape of the
gases generated in the chamber a, to which heat is first applied to generate
gas from the oil or fat, which may then be ignited over the perforated surface
of the plate a¹. Figure 6 shows a perspective view, aud Figure 7 a vertical
section of a similar portable stove or fire-place constructed according to this
part of my Invention, which is capable of being folded into a compact form, as
shown at Figure 8. The top plate 6* in this arrangement is hinged to the
front of the chamber a, the moveable flue 62 being dispensed with.

page_text: I would remark, that portable stoves of this description may be greatly
varied in form, and Figures 9 and 10 show transverse sections, and Figure 11
a plan in section of another arrangement of a portable cooking stove or fire-
place constructed according to this part of my Invention. In this arrange-
ment two narrow chambers a are employed, the bars or perforation being
placed opposite to each other, the chops, steaks, or other articles tobe broiled
or toasted being placed between the two narrow chambers a,so that each side
will be exposed to the simultaneous action of the fire in the chambers a. The
articles to be cooked are contained or supported in front of the fires by the
wire frame d. The flame and products of combustion from each of the
chambers a pass up into a flue or chamber b common to both, and away by a
Blue b' to a chimney or into the open air, the flue 2 being capable of moving
into an inclined position to regulate the draft as before described; 63 is an
opening in the chamber b, which may be closed by a lid, or used for placing a
kettle or other cooking utensil over the fire; e is a swing handle to carry the
stove from place to place. In place of having the bars or perforations on the
inner sides of the two narrow chambers a, they may be on their exterior
surfaces, and the articles to be broiled or cooked placed in Dutch ovens or
hasteners in front of the fires; and where it is desired to obtain extensive
cooking surfaces to stoves or fire-places of this description, theymaybe formed
with several narrow chambers a combined, having open bars or perforations
either on their inner or exterior surfaces or narrow circular rings; or
chambers a may be employed in place of the rectangular form's described,
having the open bars or perforations for broiling or cooking by either on their
inner or outer surfaces, when desired. The parts of the portable stoves or
fire-places of the above description which are not perforated may be formed
double or with air spaces to prevent the radiation of heat.
The fuel I prefer to employ with the portable stoves cr fire-places just
described, in order to obtain a fire quickly, should consist of pieces of dry
wood, charcoal, or fuel of a combustible character, and as it is consumed,
fresh supplies may be introduced from time to time as required through the
valvular opening a² in the front of the chamber a, or other openings may be
formed in the upper part of the sides for this purpose.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention, which consists in
arranging apparatus suitable for generating and regulating the heat in ovens
or closed chambers. Figures 12 and 13 show two vertical transverse sections
of a portable oven constructed according to this part of my Invention. The
oven a is circular, oval, or D-shaped, having a shelf c to support the articles
to be baked or cooked; d is a tray for the convenience of withdrawing the

page_text: baking. This tray. is so formed'so as to close and form a door to the ovena; é is
a casing around the oven forming a chamber between the parts bande, in which
the heated air and products of combustion circulate; fis.aflue capableofbeing
inclined from the perpendicular to any angle in order to regulatethe draught,
as before described, in respect to the first part of my Invention; is the stove
for heating the oven, which I prefer to inclose with an outer casing; his a
tray to contain the fire, and the fuel may be introduced by withdrawing the
tray h, or through the valvular opening i above the fire. The supply of air to
the fire passes through a tube or passagej, furnished with a pendant valvė k‹;
the admission of air to the fire is adjusted by a screw 7, which moves the
valve towards or from the mouth of the passagej to regulate the draught:
Portable ovens constructed according to this part of my Invention may be
greatly varied in form; and at Figure 14 I have shown a vertical section
of one of a very simple and portable description, which consists of a hollow
pan or vessel d, which may be placed over an ordinary fire. The vessel a has
a perforated shelf or tray b, upon which the article to be baked is placed;cis
a cover which closes and forms the oven in which the heat from the fire
circulates, and I prefer to surround the oven by an-air space formed by the
outer cover d.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Phillips, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March; in the year
of our Lord'One thousand eight hundred and sixty,
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
WILLIAM HENRY PHILLIPS. (L.S.)