IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING OIL OR GREASE."
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Morgan, of Burntisland, North Britain,
Locomotive Superintendent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING OIL OR GREASE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Morgan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1869..
I, DAVID MORGAN, of Burntisland, North Britain, Locomotive.
Superintendent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING OIL OR GREASE," to be
as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in the employment of the solution
of caustic lime commonly known as lime water in combination with
olive oil, rape oil, palm oil, tallow, or other saponifiable oil, singly or
jointly.
Secondly. In the use of lime water with paraffine oil or other non-
saponifiable oil, singly or jointly.

page_text: And, thirdly. In mixtures of lime water with saponifiable oils and
non-saponifiable oils taken together.
The lubricatory oil or grease so prepared may be employed in stationary,
locomotive, and marine engines, railway and other carriages and
wagons, machinery in general, and otherwise wherever a lubricant is
required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Morgan in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 20th May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
MORGAN, District Locomotive Superintendent, North British Railway,
Burntisland, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in
the thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said David Morgan, Her special
licence that I, the said David Morgan, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said David Morgan, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times. thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might, make, use, exercise,"
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LUBRICATING OIL OR GREASE," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Morgan, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE that I the said David Morgan. do boroby dealers

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say):
These improvements consist, firstly, in the employment of the solution
of caustic lime commonly known as lime water in combination with
olive oil, rape oil, palm oil, or other saponifiable oil, or animal or
vegetable fat, singly or jointly.
Secondly. In the use of lime water with paraffin oil or other non-
saponifiable, singly or jointly.
And, thirdly. In mixtures of lime water with saponifiable oils and
non-saponifiable oils taken together.
In preparing a lubricant from saponifiable oils or fats I take any or
all of these oils or animal or vegetable fats as they are sold in the
market, and mix with them either singly or combined lime water pre-
pared at a temperature of sixty degrees Fahrenheit (at which temperature
water will hold the largest proportion of lime). The proportions which
I have found to yield good results are equal quantities by measure of
the saponifiable oil or oils, or fat or fats, and lime water. These I mix
together by the aid of an agitator, and when thoroughly mixed I run
off the lubricant thus produced into casks.
The non-saponifiable oils in the state in which they are sold in the
market I treat in the same way as described for the olive oil and kindred
oils and fats, in order to produce a lubricant therefrom, but I vary con-
siderably the proportions; thus I add to every gallon of the paraffin or
kindred oil from eight to sixteen gallons of lime water. The lubricant
formed by this mixture being very limpid is applicable only to very
delicate machinery.
As my improved lubricant is affected like most others by temperature
I find it desirable generally to combine the saponifiable oils or fats and
non-saponifiable oils together, say, in the following proportions:-I take
one gallon of lime water and mix therewith with agitation from a
quarter to a pint of paraffine or kindred oil. I then add one gallon of
olive, rape, or other saponifiable oil or fat, and continue the agitation.
This will give the lubricant a thinner consistency and render it less
sensible to the action of cold than the lubricant first described.
The lubricating oil or grease prepared as above may, with the exccp-
tion mentioned above, be applied to stationary, locomotive, and marine

page_text: engines, railway and other carriages and waggons, machinery in general,
and otherwise wherever a lubricant is required.
I would remark that I do not confine myself to the proportions given
above, as they will in general depend on the quality of oil used and the
purposes to which the lubricant is to be applied.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improvements
in the Manufacture of Lubricating Oil or Grease," and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the combination
with saponifiable oils and fats and with non-saponifiable oils or with
mixtures of saponifiable oils and fats and non-saponifiable oils of a
solution of caustic lime, in the manner and for the purpose above
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Morgan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.