Improved Methods of Utilizing the Calcined Hot Blast Stove and Boiler Flue Dust made in connection with Iron Making Furnaces.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 26th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Methods of Utilizing the Calcined Hot Blast Stove
and Boiler Flue Dust made in connection with Iron Making
Furnaces.
CHARLES HENRY ASTON Fireproof Cement Manufacturer 3 Emerald Strect
Southbank near Middlesbrough Yorkshire do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Improved methods of utilizing the calcined hot blast stove, and boiler flue dust,
made in connection with iron makeing furnaces, makeing iron by the hot blast process,
especially the calcined dust out of Whitwells and Cowpers patent hot blast stoves,
and boiler flues, heated with hot blast heat, from iron makeing furnaces, of which
large quantities is now thrown away as quite useless, at the various iron works.
1st. By separating the fine from coarse particles of the dust, by means of a blast
or pressure of air, so as to carry the finest particles the longest distance, and its
use in forcing the dust through a fine seive. Also separating the fine and course
particles by putting the dust in water, then agitating the mixture, so as to cause a
settlement of the courser and heavier particles at the bottom, and the finest and
lightest at the top. And the better amalgating and mixing the dust with clay,
by disolving the clay in water to a creamy or custard state of consistency, then
mixing the dust with the clay and water mixture.
2nd. For its utilization in the manufacture of an improved non conducting
composition, for preventing the radiation of heat, on boilers steampipes, and other
heated surfaces, by useing the said dust mixed with pottery, or ordinary common
clay, with and without asbestos, tar, pitch, resin, asphaltum, and creosote, and
various proportions of brush makers waste bristles, hair, and fibre, mat, flock and
paper makers waste, especially cocoa fibre waste.
3rd. Its utilization in the manufacture, of an improved polishing material,
and polishing soap, useing the finest of the dust, mixed with and without ordinary,
and also pottery clay, dissolved in water, or other liquid, with and without soft
soap, or soap makers ley, or waste.
4th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved cement, or putty, for
steam joints man holes in boilers etc. useing the dust, mixed with pottery or other
binding clay, boiled linseed or other oil and carbon in the form of coal tar, pitch,
petroleum etc. and resin.
5th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved building brick, also fire
brick, fire clay, fireproof cement, artificial fuel for gas and other stoves, and fire
grates, bottoms and linings of steel, and iron smelting, and heating furnaces,
Bessemer converters, and melting crucibles, by mixing the calcined dust with
ordinary, also, pottery and fire clay, with and without various proportions of
asbestos, crushed ganister stone, or other materials containing a large per centage
of silica, especially ground old, or new, fire bricks, lumps, retorts etc.
6th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved paint, for fire proofing, also
ordinary use, and distemper colouring for walls and outside of steam and other
ships, by mixing the calcined dust with water impregnated with wolfram, or alum,
also mixed or ground in linseed or other paint oils, or paints.
7th. Its utilization in the manufacture of improved knife cleaners, and sharpeners,
sythe sharpeners, grind stones, and paste for sharpening raisors, by mixing the
calcined dust with pottery or other binding clay moulding, and then burning in a
kiln when the required shape of the sharpener is shaped, useing sweet or other.oil
in the dust, for makeing a paste for sharpening raisers, and cutlery.
8th. Its utilization in makeing an improved material for moulders use, in faccing

page_text: and making moulds for brass, iron, and other metal castings, by the use of the very
finest particles of the dust, with and without a small per centage of pottery or other
binding clay or loam.
9th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved manure, when mixed in
various proportions with night soil, bone, shoddy, chemical works, and basic slag
manures, sand and ashes.
10th. Its utilization as a deodoriser, especially when put in closet pans, and as a
purifier of water.
11th. Its utilization in the manufacture of earthenware, majolica, and terra
cotta goods, when mixed with ordinary and also pottery clay, and the usual
materials for makeing such goods, to prevent cracking, and shrinking.
12th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved cement, when mixed with
Portland or Roman cement, crushed slag, or brick, also, pitch or asphaltum, for
pavements, concrete, plastering walls, floors, and holds of steam ships, and when
mixed with fire clay or pottery clay, an improved cement to make wood and other
floors fire proof. When mixed with lime or plaster of Paris, an improved cement
or mortar for general building purposes.
In carrying out my invention into practical use, by useing a blast or pressure of
air, to separate the fine from the courser particles of the dust, and also by mixing,
and then agitating the dust in water, and then letting the mixture settle, I get a
much easier way of separating the finest particles of the dust, from the courser,
than the usual sieveing process, especially as the dust clogs up the meshes of fine
seives. By mixing the dust with clay dissolved in water, I get the dust and clay
blended and more perfectly mixed together. For making my improved non
conducting composition, I use coal tar or resin material to counteract an acid in
the dust, as well as a binding agent. The following proportion of ingredients, will
be found to give a good non conducting composition for preventing the radiation of
heat, from heated surfaces, as steampipes, and boilers. Clay and water, mixed to
the consistency of custard 12 cwt., calcined stove dust 6 cwt., paper makers waste
or shoddy 2 cwt., brush makers waste bristle and fibre cwt., coal tar cwt., resin
disolved, or in powder 14 lbs., asbestos 14 lbs., mixed and well tempered together,
and passed through a pug or mixing mill, for cold surfaces, and water pipes, to
prevent the action by frost, I substitute hot pitch, plaster of Paris, Roman or
Portland cement, as the binding agent in place of the clay. In makeing my improved
polishing material, I use the very finest particles of the calcined stove dust. The
following proportions make a most excellent material, for polishing brass, and other
metals, 14 lbs. of the fine calcined stove dust, 3 lbs. pottery clay, and lb. soft soap,
well blended together into a paste with water. For makeing my improved cement,
or putty for steam joints, the following proportions makes when blended together,
a very serviceable article. Calcined stove dust, mixed with pottery clay, dissolved
in water, and tempered into a soft paste 14 lbs., dissolved pitch or resin 1 lb., boiled
linseed oil 2 lbs., and fine ground fire brick 3 lbs. For makeing building bricks and
tiles, I utilise the calcined stove dust in place of sand, ground ashes etc., generally
used by brick makers to prevent shrinkage and cracking in the burning. For
making fire bricks, fire clay, fire proof cements, and furnase bottoms and linings,
I mix the calcined stove dust with pottery or sticky binding fire clay, containing
a large per centage of silica, with and without crushed ganister, or silica stone,
fire brick, and asbestos fibre, also with and without, a small proportion of lime,
when it can be used to advantage, for bricks, or cement, subject to a continuous
heat. A proportion of 6 parts by weight of pottery clay, disolved in water to the
consistency of custard, 12 parts by weight of calsined stove dust, 6 parts by weight
of fine ground old fire bricks, make a good usefull fire proof cement, to stand
intense heat. For makeing my improved fire proof paint, I use the very finest
particles of the calcined stove dust, mixed with water impregnated with alum for
paint for general use, I mix or grind the calcined stove dust in linseed or other
paint oil, for distemper colouring, I mix very fine calcined stove dust, with water,
with a little glue or resin in. For makeing my. improved grind stones, knife and

page_text: sythe sharpeners I mix fine calcined stove dust with pottery clay disolved in water
mould and burn it to a hard state. The following proportions, make a useful
article, calcined stove dust 6 parts by weight, well blended, with 2 parts pottery
clay, disolved in water to a state of paste. In makeing my improved paste for
sharpening raisors and cuttlery, I mix a little sweet oil with very fine calsined stove
dust, useing a little of the paste on a leather strop. In makeing my improved
material for moulders use, I use the very fine calcined stove dust for facing moulds,
when to advantage, using a little clay dissolved in water mixed in the stove dust, to
cause it to form a more solid body. In makeing an improved manure, I mix
calcined stove dust, in various proportions with other manures, a proportion of half
by weight of calcined stove dust, and half night soil, or human excrement manure,
makes a valuable fertaliser. For the utilisation of the calcined stove dust, as a
deodoriser, it can be made a useful article by throwing it in small quantities in
the closet pan, when required. For purifying water, I well mix and blend the
calcined stove dust, with pottery clay dissolved in water, and mould it to required
shape, then burn it in a kiln, to a porous biscuit state, which will filter water, and
can be cleaned by putting it on, or in, the fire to burn out the impurities, a funnel
shaped porous filterer to hang on a water tap, or fit loose in the top of an earthen-
ware jar, makes a good and cheap filterer. The calcined stove dust, can also be
used to advantage (being partly composed of a mineral charcoal) with or without
a mixture of sand, or fine crushed brick in forming large filtering beds. For its
utilisation in the manufacture of eartenware majolica ware, and terra cotta, the
calcined stove dust has special advantages, when mixed with binding pottery clay,
on account of its not being liable to shrink, or crack, in the kilm, a proportion of
one half by weight of the calcined stove dust, with one half by weight of pottery
clay, dissolved in water, well blended together, with and without other pottery
material containing silica etc., makes earthenware materials to advantage. In the
manufacture of my improved cement for pavements, concrete, and steam ship use, a
proportion of 4 parts of the calcined stove dust, with one of Portland or Roman
cement, and two parts of crushed slag or brick, makes when well blended together,
a useful pavement, and cement, also when bound together with hot tar pitch, or
asphaltum in place of Roman or Portland cement. The calcined stove dust can be
used to advantage also mixed with lime or plaster of Paris for makeing cement.
morter, and plaster for building purposes.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of January 1891.
CHARLES HENRY ASTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Methods of Utilizing the Calcined Hot Blast Stove
and Boiler Flue Dust made in connection with Iron Making
Furnaces.
CHARLES HENRY ASTON Cement Manufacturer Midland Works Southbank
in the County of Yorkshire R.S.O. do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists in improved methods of utilizing the calcined dust made
in the flues, in connection with iron making furnaces, smelting by the hot blast
process, of which a large quantity is thrown away as quite useless, especially the
calcined dust made in Whitwells, and Cowpers patent hot blast stoves calcined by
the intense hot blast heat, from iron making furnaces.
•
1st. By separating the fine and course particles of the dust by means of a blast
or pressure of air, so as to carry the finest particles the longest distance, and its
use in forcing it through a fine seive, also separating the fine and coarse particles,
by putting the dust in water then agitating the mixture, so as to cause a settlement

page_text: of the coarser, and heavier particles at the bottom, and the finest and lightest at
the top, and the better amalgamating the dust with clay, by disolving the clay
in water to a creamy or custard state of consistancy then mixing the dust with the
clay and water.
2nd. For its utilization in the manufacture of an improved non conducting
composition for preventing the radiation of heat on boilers, steampipes and other
heated surfaces, by useing the said dust with pottery, or ordinary common clay, with
and without asbestos coal or wood tar, resin, or creosote and gas tar products, and
various proportions of brush makers waste bristles, hair, and fibre, flock and paper
makers waste, also cocoa fibre, mungo, and shoddy, flax, hemp, and manilla waste.
3rd. Its utilization in making an improved polishing material, and polishing
soap, using the finest of the dust mixed with, and without, ordinary and pottery
clay, disolved in water with and without soft soap, ley or soap makers material,
also plaster of Paris.
4th. Its utilization in making an improved cement or putty, for steampipe joints,
man hole joints in boilers, or luteing and joining any other kind of joints by useing
the dust mixed with and without pottery and ordinary clay, oil, litharge, coal or
wood tar, pitch, fine crushed brick, or silica sand.
5th. Its utilization in the manufacture of ordinary building, also fire bricks, fire
clay, fire proof cement, artificial fuel for gas stoves, and fire grates, bottoms and
linings of steel and iron smelting and other furnaces, Bessemer steel converters, and
melting crucibles, by mixing the calcined dust with ordinary, and also fire or
pottery clay with and without various proportions of asbestos, crushed ganister
stone, or other materials containing a large per centage of silica, especially ground
old or new fire bricks, lumps, retorts etc.
6th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved fire proof paint, and
distemper colouring and coating for outside of steam and other ships.
7th. For its utilization in making an improved knife cleaner, and sharpener, also
sythe and tool sharpeners, grind stones and paste for sharpening razors.
Sth. Its utilization in making an improved material for moulders use in faceing
and making moulds for brass, iron and other metal castings.
9th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved manure, when mixed in
various proportions with, or without night soil, bone, shoddy chemical works, and
basic slag manure.
10th. For its utilization as a deodouriser especially when put in night soil and
closet pans drains, and dry earth closets, used by itself, also mixed with carbolic
acid, creosote or other liquid disinfectants.
11th. Its utilization in the manufacture of tobacco pipes, china, earthenware,
majolica and terra cotta goods, when mixed with ordinary also pottery and pipe clay.
12th. Its utilization in the manufacture of an improved cement for, floors, steam
ship holds, concrete work and pavements etc. when combined with plaster of Paris,
Portland or Roman cement, with and without various proportions of crushed
slag, crushed brick or stone, also sand, and when to advantage hot pitch or
asphaltum.
13th. Its utilization in making hearth or door step cleaning stones scouring
and cleaning bricks and chalk stones for whitening purposes.
14th. Its utilization in making morter and cements for brick setting plastering
walls fire proofing ceilings and floors and builders use.
In carrying out my invention into practical use by useing a blast or pressure of
air to separate the fine from the courser particles of the dust and also by mixing
the dust and clay together in water, and agitating the mixture, and then let it
settle, I get a much easier way of separating the finest particles of the dust from
the courcer, than the seiveing process as the dust clogs up the fine meshes of the
seive. By mixing the dust with the clay disolved in water, I get the dust and clay
blended and more perfectly mixed together. For making my improved non
conducting composition I use coal tar or resin material to counteract an acid in the

page_text: dust, as well as a binding agent. The following proportions of ingredients will be
found to give a good non conducting composition for preventing the radiation
of heat from heated surfaces, as steam pipes and boilers. Clay and water
mixed to the consistency of custard 12 cwt., calcined stove or flue dust 6 cwt., paper
makers waste, cotton flock fly, or flax or hemp waste 2 cwt., brush makers waste
bristle and fibre cwt., coal tar cwt., resin disolved, or in powder 14 lbs.,
asbestos 14 lbs. mixed and well tempered together and passed through a pug or
mixing mill. For cold surfaces and water pipes to prevent the action by frost, I
substitute hot pitch, plaster of Paris, Roman or Portland cement, or lime, as the
binding agent, in place of the clay. In making my improved polishing material,
I use the very finest particles of the dust. The following proportions make a most
excellent material for polishing brass and other metals, 14 lbs. of the very fine
dust, 3 lbs. of pottery clay and lb. soft soap well blended together into a stiff'
paste with water. For making my improved cement or putty for connecting steam
pipe and other joints the following proportions make, when blended together, a
very servisable article. The calcined dust with pottery clay disolved in water well
tempered to a stiff paste 14 lbs. disolved pitch or resin 1 lb., boiled linseed oil 2 lbs.,
fine ground fire brick 3 lbs., litherage 1 lb. In making building bricks and tiles,
also drain pipes, I utilize the calcined dust in place of sand, ground ashes etc.
generally used by brick makers for to prevent shrinkage and cracking also warping
in burning. For making fire bricks, fire clay, fire proof cements, and furnace
bottoms, and linings, I mix the calcined dust with pottery or sticky binding fire
clay containing a large per centage of silica with, and without, crushed ganister or
silica stone, fire brick, and asbestos fibre, a proportion of 6 parts by weight of
pottery clay disolved in water to the consistency of custard, 12 parts by weight
of the calcined dust, 6 parts by weight of fine ground fire bricks make a good
usefull fire proof cement to stand intence heat. In making my improved fire.proof
paint I use the very finest particles of the calcined dust mixed with silicate of soda,
silicate of potash, & alum water to the thickness required. In making my improved
knife cleaner, and sharpener, I mix the calcined dust with pottery clay to a stiff
paste, mould it to the required form, and bake it to the hardness required making
grind stones sythe and tool sharpeners the same way, in some cases adding a little
fine sharp sand to give a greater cutting power, to make paste for sharpening razors,
I mix very fine calcined dust with sweet oil, to a stiff paste, useing it on a leather
or other kind of strop. In making an improved material for moulders use, I use
the very finest of the calcined dust mixing in a small proportion of fine ground
pottery clay when it can be used to advantage. In making an improved manure I
inix the calcined dust in various proportions with other manures, especially night
soil or human excrement, half by weight of the calcined dust, and half night soil,
makes a valuable fertilizer. For the utilization of the calcined dust, as a de odouriser
it can be made a useful article by throwing a small quantity in the closet pan, or
drain when required, when the dust is impregnated with carbolic acid, creosote or
powerful liquid disinfectant, it makes a still more valuable de odouriser. In making
an improved material for making tobacco pipes, china, earthenware, majolica, terra
cotta, and such like goods, I use various proportions of the calcined dust to prevent
shrinking, cracking and warping. In making my improved cement for floors, steam
ship holds, and concrete work I use various proportions of the calcined dust, with
plaster of Paris Portland or Roman cement, 4 parts by measure of the calcined
dust with one part by measure of plaster of Paris makes a good hard cement, when
mixed and tempered with a little water. In making improved hearth, or door step
cleaning stones, and scouring and cleaning bricks, also chalk stones, I use the whitest.
of the calcined dust mixed with pipe clay, or plaster of Paris, a proportion of
6 parts of the dust with one part pipe clay, or plaster of Paris, makes a useful
article for cleaning and whitening purposes. In making my improved morter and
cement for brick setting for building use, a useful morter can be made with four
parts of the calcined dust, and one part of plaster of Paris, by measure.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that, what,
I claim is
1st. The use of the process of separating the very fine particles of the calcined
dust refered to, by the blowing and water process, and amalgamating or more
perfectly mixing the calcined dust with clay, in the manner described.
2nd. The use of pottery clay, asbestos, tar, mineral oil, disolved resin, or resin
powder, brush makers waste bristle and fibre, cocoa fibre, cotton or woollen
Hock, shoddy, hemp, flax,, and manilla waste, when mixed with the said calcined
dust, for the manufacture of non conducting composition for preventing the radiation
of heat.
3rd. The use of the very fine calcined dust for a polishing material
described.
as
4th. The use of the fine calcined dust in the manufacture of a cement or
putty for steam pipe and other joints combined with and without pottery clay, and
litherage and oil.
5th. The use of the calcined dust in the manufacture of bricks and fire proof
cement, its use in making gas stove, fire place, and furnace lineings and artificial
fuel for gas stoves and fire places, also its use in lincing Bessemer and other steel
converters, also in the making of crucibles.
6th. The use of the calcined dust in the manufacture of paint and distemper
colour.
7th. The use of the calcined dust in the manufacture of razor, knife, and tool
sharpeners, also in the manufacture of grind stones, and knife cleaners.
8th. The use of extra fine calcined dust for moulders use in mould making.
9th. The use of the calcined dust for manure as described.
10th. The use of the calcined dust, as a de odouriser and disinfectant.
11th. The use of the calcined dust, in the manufacture of tobacco pipes, china,
earthenware, majolica, and terra cotta goods.
12th. The use of the calcined dust in making cement for floors ships and
pavements.
13th. The use of the calcined dust in the manufacture of hearth or door step
cleaning, and whitening stones, also in making scouring bricks.
14th. The use of the calcined dust in making morter, and cement for builders
use.
Dated this Twenty-third day of October 1891.
CHARLES HENRY ASTON.