IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND IN PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES FOR MAGNETO TELEPHONES AND FOR OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE MAGNETISING OF SUCH MAGNETS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES AND IN
PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES FOR MAGNETO
TELEPHONES AND FOR OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE MAGNETISING OF SUCH
MAGNETS." A communication from abroad by Charles Albert Hussey and
Amzi Smith Dodd, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1881.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. ** IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC
MACHINES AND IN PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
FOR MAGNETO TELEPHONES AND FOR OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE MAGNETISING
OF SUCH MAGNETS." [A. communication from abroad by Charles Albert Hussey
and Amzi Smith Dodd, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.]
The improvements consist in a continuous or endless permanent magnet of
internally circular or analogous form provided with poles of consequent points.
The improvements further consist in the combination of such a permanent
magnet and an armature preferably wound longitudinally with wire arranged and
capable of rotation within the said permanent magnet. When rotated within such
a permanent magnet the armature travels not only before the poles or consequent
points, but also before the whole length of the magnet and through the entire field
of force;
hence electric currents are generated throughout its entire rotation.
The improvements further consist in the combination with such a permanent
magnet of a case for holding it, and in means whereby it may be accurately centred
and retained in position.
The improvements further consist in the combination with such a permanent
magnet of poles or consequent points or extension thereof extending towards the
centre.
By providing these poles or consequent points with a portion or portions wound
with wire, the permanent magnet will be adapted to operate on the diaphragm of
a telephone, and the improvements therefore further consist in the combination of
such a permanent magnet with a telephone.
The permanent magnets above described may be composed of two or more ring
shaped sections, and may have pieces of wrought iron combined with them at the
poles or consequent points for preventing their demagnetisation.

page_text: The improvements further comprise a method of magnetising the permanent
magnets above described, consisting in supporting suitably shaped pieces of steel on
the poles of a stationary electro magnet, and in repeatedly passing the poles of a
movable electro magnet over the side from the periphery towards the poles of the
stationary electro-magnet until the magnetisation is completed.
The permanent magnet is of annular or cylindrical form made of steel or
equivalent material, and it is composed preferably of a number of ring shaped
sections placed side by side and enclosed in a brass case or shell. This case is
provided at the base with a supporting foot piece, and at each end with a cap
which fits within the case and has a flange lapping over the end. Screws passing
through the flanges and entering the ends of the case secure the caps in place. In
order to centre the sections of the magnet in the case plaster of Paris or other
suitable plastic compound is preferably introduced between them and the case, and
they are then adjusted into position by inserting a mandril within them, and
fitting the arbors of the mandril in bearings provided in the centre of the caps.
Inside the permanent magnet and mounted on a shaft so as to be capable of
rotating within it is an armature, the core of which is composed of a number of
plates arranged side by side in close proximity to each other and having alternate
inward and outward projections. Between the inward projections are spaces for
the circulation of air lengthwise throughout the armature, and between the outward
projections are spaces for the accommodation of coils of insulated wire wound upon
the core. These coils extend lengthwise of the core along the spaces between the
outward projections and back through the hollow centre of the core, each of the
said spaces having an independently wound coil in it. The inner end of each of
these coils is fastened to the outer end of an adjacent coil, and the loops thus
formed between the coils are connected by leading wires, one to each of the plates
of a commutator. This commutator is mounted on the armature shaft outside one
of the caps, and the leading wires extend to them through this shaft or through a
collar of insulating material to which the commutator plates are fastened.
A series of metallic brushes bearing on the commutator and conducting off the
electric currents generated in the machine are arranged in and supported by arms
extending from a ring, which is fitted on a circular hub of one of the caps. By
turning the ring both brushes may be adjusted in unison.
The armature rotates before the consequent points before the whole length of the
magnet, and hence through the entire field of force, whereby very powerful electric
currents are generated.
The permanent magnet instead of being a plain ring may be provided with
radial projections and arc shaped extensions which may be made in the same piece
with the magnet proper, or they may be made of wrought iron. In the latter case
the radial projections may extend through the magnet proper.
The magnet sections may be arranged with plates of wrought iron interposed
between them for preserving them against deterioration.
The magnet or magnet sections in order to be magnetised are placed in contact
with the poles of a powerful stationary electro magnet with the places where north
and south poles or consequent points are desired to be formed opposite the south
and north poles of the electro-magnet. A second electro-magnet having its poles
furnished with inward extensions is arranged so that its poles will correspond with
those of the first electro-magnet, and is then repeatedly moved over the side of the
magnet or magnet section from one portion of the periphery towards the stationary
electro magnet, and from a diametrically opposite portion of the periphery towards
the said stationary electro magnet. The magnet or magnet section may then be
shifted so as to bring the other side outward, and that side may then be treated
in a similar manner until the magnetisation is completed. By magnetising a
number of sections separately a more effective magnet may be produced than
otherwise would be possible.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th November 1881.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO ELECTRIC
MACHINES AND IN PERMANENT MAGNETS FOR MAGNETO ELECTRIC MACHINES
FOR MAGNETO TELEPHONES AND FOR OTHER ARTICLES, AND IN THE MAGNETISING
OF SUCH MAGNETS." A communication from abroad by Charles Albert Hussey
and Amzi Smith Dodd, of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
The improvements consist in a continuous or endless permanent magnet of
internally circular or analogous form provided with poles or consequent points.
The improvements further consist in the combination of such a permanent
magnet and an armature preferably wound longitudinally with wire, arranged and
capable of rotation within the said permanent magnet. When rotated within such
a permanent magnet the armature travels not only before the poles or consequent
points, but also before the whole length of the magnet and through the entire field
of force; hence electric currents are generated throughout its entire rotation.
The improvements further consist in the combination with such a permanent
magnet of a case for holding it, and in means whereby it may be accurately
centred and retained in position.
The improvements further consist in the combination with such a permanent
magnet of poles or consequent points or extensions thereof extending towards the
centre.
By providing these poles or consequent points with a portion or portions wound
with wire, the permanent magnet will be adapted to operate on the diaphragm of
a telephone, and the improvements therefore further consist in the combination of
such a permanent magnet with a telephone.
The permanent magnets above described may be composed of two or more ring
shaped sections, and may have pieces of wrought iron combined with them at the
poles or consequent points for preventing their demagnetisation.
The improvements further comprise a method of magnetising the permanent
magnets above described, consisting in supporting suitably shaped pieces of stcel
on the poles of a stationary electro-magnet, and in repeatedly passing the poles of
a moveable electro-magnet over the side from the periphery towards the poles of
the stationary electro-magnet until the magnetisation is completed.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 is a transverse section of a dynamo or
magueto electric machine embodying the improvements; Fig. 2 is a horizontal
section of the same; Fig. 3 is a perpective view of the commutator plates detached;
Fig. 4 is a perspective view of a permanent magnet of modified form; Figure 5 is
a perspective view of a permanent magnet of another modified form; Figure 6 is a
face view of a telephone fitted with a permanent magnet embodying the improve-
ments, the mouth-piece and diaphragm being removed; Fig. 7 is a transverse
section of said telephone; and Figure 8 is a perspective view of apparatus for
magnetizing the permanent magnets.
Referring first to Figures 1 and 2, M is the permanent magnet of annular or
cylindrical form made of steel or equivalent material, and it is composed preferably
of a number of ring shaped sections placed side by side and enclosed in a brass
case or shell O. As shewo, this case is provided at the base with a supporting
foot piece O¹, and at each end with a cap 02, which fits within the case and is
provided with a flange flapping over the end. Screws passing through the

page_text: flanges and entering the ends of the case secure the caps in place. In order to
centre the sections of the magnet in the case, plaster of Paris or other suitable
plastic compound is preferably introduced between them and the case, and they
are then adjusted into position by inserting a mandril within them, and fitting
the arbors of the mandril in bearings fs provided in the centre of the caps 0%
A is an armature mounted on a shaft B which is supported in the bearings f³,
in the caps 0%. The core of this armature is composed of a number of plates
arranged side by side in close proximity to each other, and having alternate
inward and outward projections.
Between the inward projections are spaces for the circulation of air lengthwise
throughout the armature, and between the outward projections are spaces for the
accommodation of coils B' of insulated wire wound upon the core. These coils
extend lengthwise of the core along the spaces between the outward projections
and back through the hollow centre of the core, each of the said spaces having an
independently wound coil in it. The inner end of each of these coils is fastened
to the outer end of an adjacent coil and the loops thus formed between the coils
are connected by leading wires B³, one to each of the plates C of a commutator
shewn in Figures 2 and 3. The commutator is mounted on the shaft of the
armature outside one of the caps 0%, and the leading wires B³ extend to them
through this shaft or through a collar of insulating material to which the
commutator plates are fastened. The commutator plates are of segmental form
and preferably have at one end upturned lips C¹, provided with holes in which
the ends of the leading wires may be inserted and may be fastened by set screws C³.
When thus secured the leading wires may be readily detached so as to admit of
removing the commutator plates when they need renewing.
D are metallic brushes bearing on the commutator, and conducting off the electric
currents generated in the machine. They are arranged in and supported by arms E
extending from a ring E¹, which is fitted on a circular hub on the cap C2, which is
adjacent to the commutator. By turning the ring E', both brushes may be adjusted
in unison. They may be secured in position on the hub by a set screw E passing
through the ring. These brushes are insulated from each other, and are in electrical
communication with binding screws F, which have fastened to them the ends
of wires G through which the electric currents are desired to be transmitted.
The armature A rotates before the consequent points before the whole length of
the magnet M, and hence through the entire field of force, whereby very powerful
electric currents are generated.
In Fig. 4 is shewn a magnet M provided with radial projections M³, and arc-
shaped extensions M². These projections M¹ and extensions Ms may be made in the
same piece with the magnet proper, or they may be made of wrought iron. In the
latter case the radial projections may extend through the magnet proper, as indicated
in dotted lines, and may be secured to the two parts of the magnet proper situated
on each side of said dotted lines. Wrought iron so introduced will tend to preserve
the magnet from deterioration. The armature is intended to rotate within the arc-
shaped extensions, but the radial projections may extend outwards instead of
inwards, and then the armature or rotating part of the magneto machine comprising
them will rotate outside them.
In Fig. 5 are shewn two magnet sections M with plates M³ of wrought iron
interposed between them for preserving them against deterioration.
The
Referring now to the telephone shown in Figures 6 and 7, M is a circular per-
manent magnet, and M* are projections extending radially inwards and wound with
insulated wire. The adjacent ends of these projections are upturned, and preferably
flat on their adjacent sides, and they extend towards an iron diaphragm N.
outer or remote ends of the wire wound on the projections M' are united, and the
inner or adjacent ends are fastened to binding screws N¹ by which the telephone
may be connected with the circuit in which it is to be used. The case N² and
mouth-piece N³ of this telephone may be of any suitable form. By speaking into
the mouth piece, the diaphragm is set into vibration, and it thereby induces electric

page_text: currents in the wire on the projections M. These electric currents acting on wire
wound upon the corresponding projections of another telephone instrument vary the
magnetising of the projections of that instrument, and cause them to set the
diaphragm in motion so as to reproduce the speech.
Instead of providing the magnet with projections as shewn, the magnet may be
bent inwards, and a bar or bars wound with wire may be mounted on the portion
or portions so bent inwards.
The manner in which the magnet or magnet sections M are magnetised will now
be described with reference to Fig. 8. The magnet or magnet section is placed in
contact with the poles of a powerful stationary electro magnet J with the places
where north and south poles or consequent points are desired to be formed opposite
the south and north poles of the said electro magnet. An electro magnet K having
its poles furnished with inward extensions K¹, is arranged so that its poles will
correspond with those of the electro magnet J, and is then repeatedly moved over
the side of the magnet or magnet section M from one portion of the periphery
towards the stationary electro magnet J, and from a diametrically opposite portion
of the periphery towards the said stationary electro magnet J. The magnet or
magnet section M may then be shifted so as to bring the other side outward, and
that side may then be treated in a similar manner until the magnetisation is com-
pleted. The inward polar extensions K' are advantageous, because in the movement
of the electro magnet K they will bear or wipe" over the magnet or magnet section
more effectually than the poles of the said electro magnet could do. By magnetising
a number of sections separately a more effective magnet may be produced than
otherwise would be possible. A greater or less number of consequent points may
be produced by varying the position of the magnet or magnet section M on the
stationary magnet J, and then moving the moveable electro magnet K towards
the stationary magnet J from the periphery of the magnet or magnet section as
before.
"
On the completion of the magnetisation of the magnets or magnet sections M, soft
iron armatures or keepers may be laid across the poles or consequent points, and
the electric current passing through the wire of the electro magnet J may be
stopped by breaking the circuit or otherwise to release the magnets or magnet
section. The armatures or keepers may be left on the magnets or magnet sections
till the latter are used.
The magnets or magnet sections may be made of various forms analogous to
those above described, as, for instance, internally circular and tapering or internally
spherical.
Having now described the nature of this Invention for " Improvements in
Magneto Electric Machines, and in Permanent Magnets for Magneto Electric
Machines for Magneto Telephones, and for other Articles, and in the Magnetising
of such Magnets," as communicated to me from abroad, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. A continuous or endless permanent magnet of internally circular or
analogous form, provided with poles or consequent points, substantially as set forth.
Second. A continuous or endless permanent magnet, having projections extending
radially inwards, substantially as specified.
Third. A continuous or endless permanent magnet, having radial projections and
arc-shaped extensions, substantially as specified.
Fourth. A permanent magnet composed of a number of continuous or endless
sections of internally circular or analogous form, substantially as specified.
Fifth. A permanent magnet composed of a number of continuous or endless
sections of internally circular or analogous form, and a brass case or shell enclosing
said sections, and maintaining them in position, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The mode of centering the magnets or magnet sections in their case,
substantially as specified.

page_text: Seventh. The mode of magnetising continuous or endless magnets, substantially
as specified.
Eighth. The combination of a permanent magnet of internally circular or
analogous form, and an armature arranged within the same, and adapted to rotate
before the poles or consequent points and entire length of the said magnet,
substantially as specified.
Ninth. The combination of a permanent magnet of internally circular or analogous
form and an armature wound longitudinally with wire and arranged within the
magnet, so as to be adapted to rotate before its poles or consequent points and entire
length, substantially as specified.
Tenth. The combination of a permanent magnet having projections extending
radially inwards, and comprising a portion or portions wound with wire, and the
diaphragm of a telephone, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty third day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.