Improved Means of Manufacturing Hollow Glass-ware and Glass -Tubes by Machinery.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Nov., 1889
Complete Specification:Left, 4th Sept., 1890--Accepted, 25th Oct., 1890
Improved Means of Manufacturing Hollow Glass-ware and Glass
-Tubes by Machinery.
I, DAN RYLANDS of Hope Glass Works, Stairfoot, near Barnsley in the County of
York Glass Bottle Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My present invention has for its object the manufacture of Hollow Glass Ware:and
especially of that class of Hollow Glass Ware which is large in size and where no
mouth or shoulders are required. It is specially applicable for the manufacture of
large glass-cells for electric purposes, such cells being generally square.
According to my present invention I take a circular or other suitably-shaped iron
table and in or upon such iron table I fit one or more moulds the shape of the glass
cells or other Hollow Glass Ware I wish to make. Over one of these moulds I fix a
plunger which plunger is shaped somewhat after the shape of the cell or hollow vessel
it is intended to make, but one important feature of this plunger is that it is smaller
in its outside dimensions than the inside of the hollow glass vessel required to be
made, and is so arranged that it will not crozzle or crack the molten glass when it is
pressed upon it, and it is of such a shape that it leaves some molten glass to be blown
out in order to make the outside of the glass the exact shape of the inside of the
mould. I so arrange this plunger that it will form the top portions of the sides and
ends of the hollow glass article the exact shape they are wanted to be and the top of
the plunger is so arranged that it will form an air-tight joint on the top of the mould
in which the hollow glass article is to be made. In this plunger I also form one or
more suitable holes or holes for passing a current of air for blowing the hollow glass
vessel out to its full size.
Inside the hollow glass mould I fit a suitably shaped inner mould which inner mould
is so arranged that after the molten glass has been poured into the mould, and just
as the plunger is being brought down upon it this inner mould is gradually withdrawn
until it is nearly at the bottom when it is withdrawn more rapidly and a sheet of iron
or metal is pushed to the underside of the outside mould so as to form the bottom on
which the hollow glass article is blown out. In some cases it will be possible to adapt
the inner mould so that it may form, or help in forming, the bottom, as, for instance,
the sides and ends of this inner mould may be separately moveable and as they are
withdrawn they leave the outer mould for the glass to be blown into, and the top
portion of these sides and ends help to form the bottom of the mould.
In some cases it may be possible to dispense with the circular table and to adopt a
square table or to have sliding bars on which to run the moulds also to arrange the
inside mould that it works vertically up and down in one position as required. Whilst
one outside mould is passed forward along the table another outside mould is brought
over the inside mould and the pressing in this second mould is proceeded with at the
same time that the blowing in the first mould is going on under a blowing plunger
fitted over the table and acting simultaneously with the pressing plunger, that is to
say, as one hollow glass vessel is being pressed the previous one which had been pressed
is being blown under the blowing plunger..
⋅
The number of moulds working at one time will vary according to the size of the
hollow glass ware being pressed, and I do not limit myself to any special number of
moulds, but I so arrange these moulds that lading, or filling, with molten metal
pressing and blowing may be carried on simultaneously if required.
•
I wish it to be clearly understood that when the molten glass is first laded into the
inner mould the inner mould is in such a position that when a sufficient quantity of

page_text: molten glass has been laded in, this molten glass is nearly level with the top of the
outer mould, so that immediately the plunger begins to descend into the molten glass
the inner mould must also simultaneously begin to descend and to descend at a
sufficient speed to prevent the glass from being pressed by the plunger over the
outside of the blowing mould.
In some cases it may be necessary to employ an iron cap fitted with a spring (to
keep it in proper position) so that this cap will form a joint round the outside of the
outer mould to prevent any glass flushing over the edge of such mould when the
plunger is first brought down, but I prefer to so arrange wherever possible the descent
of the plunger and the withdrawal of the inside mould that no overflow of molten
glass can take place. I do not however limit myself to this special arrangement.
The invention herein before described is also applicable to the manufacture of glass
tubes it being understood that where it is required to produce glass tubes the plunger
and inner mould must be so arranged that the bottom portion of the molten glass will
be pressed out quite thin so as to be easily ground off thus leaving a glass tube instend
of a hollow glass vessel.
Datal
1
1
2008
CUMIT LIITURT TUAI TUN.
Improved Means of Manufacturing Hollow Glass-ware and Glass
Tubes by Machinery.
I, DAN RYLANDS of Hope Glass Works Stairfoot near Barnsley in the County of
York, Glass Bottle Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
.
My present invention has for its object the making and manufacture of Hollow
Glass Ware and especially of that class of Hollow Glass Ware which is large in size
and where no mouth or shoulders are required. It will however be well understood
that whilst it is specially suitable for this the novel principles hereinafter described
may also be in many cases applied for the manufacture of ordinary shaped bottles by
machinery. It is specially applicable for the manufacture of large glass cells for
electrical purposes such cells being generally square as working with it these cells can
be made with a smooth top rim instead of the rough top which is produced by the
grinding off in the ordinary way. It is also applicable for glass cells of any size as
in all cases it secures what has hitherto been unattainable in this special ware, namely
a rimmed smooth flat top. It is also applicable in some cases to ordinary bottles. It
is also adapted to the manufacture of glass tubes having ends screwed, plain or
Hanged.
The same letters or figures of reference apply to all the drawings. A is a circular
or other suitably shaped table of iron or other suitable material, and in or upon such
table AI fit one or more moulds B suitably made for producing the shape of the
Hollow Glass Ware or bottles required to be made. Over these moulds B I fix a
plunger C. or plungers, shaped somewhat after the internal shape of glass ware to be
manufactured. The centre portion of plunger C works through the top portion C
which top portion is first brought down upon the mould and held in position
forming the mouth of the bottle or the top portion of the sides of the hollow glass
article the exact shape they are wanted to be. this top portion C¹ forming a joint on
the portion L of the mould B. Suitable holes C2 sheet 1 for passing the air through
the plunger for blowing the glass ware are left, or where it is preferred to keep this
plunger C cool by having it hollow and having water inside the air may be blown
down through the cavities H formed between the hollow guide in which the plunger
works and the top portion C Figs. 1 and 2 sheet 6. In this case the air is admitted
By means of the valve M fixed at the side or in any suitable position and connected
with the air supply by means of the air pipe N. For small sized glass ware it may

page_text: not be necessary to have the top portion C¹ separate and the plunger in this case will
be shaped so that it will go to the proper depth as the top portion C¹ forms the joint,
sheet 3.
Inside the iron mould B I fit a suitably shaped moveable inner mould D which
inner mould is so arranged in position that when a sufficient quantity of molten glass
has been laded in this molten glass is nearly level or quite level with the top of the
outer mould Band just after the plunger C. being brought down upon it, has formed
the mouth this inner mould D is withdrawn simultaneously with the further descent
of plunger C thus preventing the molten glass from being pressed by the plunger C
over the top side or sides of mould B. When the plunger is nearly at the bottom the
inner mould D is withdrawn more rapidly and a false or moveable bottom E of iron
or other suitable material is pushed or placed to the underside of the outer mould so
as to form the bottom on which the hollow glass article is blown out. In some cases
it will be possible to adapt the inner mould so that it may form or help in forming
the bottom by the sides and ends of this inner mould I being separately moveable
and as they are withdrawn to allow the molten glass to be blown out its full size in
mould B the top portion of these sides and ends E¹ help to form the bottom of mould.
sheet 6. Fig. 3. In some cases I dispense with the sides of the inner mould only
retaining the inner mould bottom, Figs. 1 and 2 sheet 6, and this bottom D is with-
drawn simultaneously with the descent of the plunger C and it forms the bottom of
the blowing mould thus in this case avoiding the necessity of the false bottom E.
In some cases it may be possible to dispense with the circular table A and substitute
or adopt a square table or sliding bars A1, sheet 5, on which to run the moulds B also
to arrange the inner mould D so that it works vertically up and down in one position
as required so that while one outer mould B is passed forward along the table or
hars A another outer mould is brought over the inner mould D and the pressing is
proceeded with at the same time that blowing the previous glass article is going on
under a blowing plunger fitted over the table or bars and acting simultaneously with
the pressing plunger C. that is to say, as one hollow glass article is being pressed the
previous one (which had been pressed) is being blown at the same time under a
blowing plunger K.
I
The number of moulds working at one time will vary according to the size of the
hollow glass ware being manufactured and I do not limit myself to any number of
moulds, but I so arrange the said moulds that lading or filling with molten glass or
metal and pressing and blowing may be carried on simultaneously if required.
wish it to be well understood that where so preferred a separate plunger may be
worked with each separate pressing and blowing mould or one plunger may be made
to work with two or more pressing and blowing moulds. In the case where each
pressing and blowing mould has its own plunger the pressing and blowing will be.
carried on without the moving of the mould forward.
It will be seen that the above described machine is capable of making hollow ware
such as electrical battery cells or similar articles either by the pressing process alone
or by first pressing the article into a form somewhat similar to what it will assume in
the finished state, and then enlarging it by blowing to its full contour and dimensions.
The method of producing the battery cell or similar article by the pressing process
alone is as follows:-Referring to sheet 4 where R. shows a mould in the charging
position, the mould bottom D' Fig. 5, sheet 6 being at its highest position molten
metal is now syphoned or otherwise conveyed into the interior of the mould B.
The mould being now rotated from position R to the pressing position S the pressing
plunger is now caused to descend by means of toggle joints V. V. actuated by
lever Wand hand lever X. The plunger in its descent first closes the upper portion
of the mould preventing any escape of metal over the upper portion C¹. Con-
tinuing to descend the plunger now meets the metal contained in the upper portion
of mould the mould bottom being held up in position (by counterweight Y acting
through lever Z and link A¹) will now give way before the descending plunger
and the battery cell or other article will be pressed to the full depth required.

page_text: It will be seen that the above described process of pressing is carried out in a
manner directly opposite to the pressing process at present in use, namely, that the
article to be pressed is pressed from the top downwards instead of from the bottom
upwards as previously carried out. The table being again rotated will carry the
finished battery cell to position T where the mould being now opened as shown
the finished cell is removed to the annealing ovens.
This being done, and the mould again closed molten metal is again charged into
the same mould. The table again being moved brings the mould to position U
where the pressing process will again be repeated. From the above description it
will be seen that charging the mould and pressing the finished article are going
on at one and the same time and that for each movement of the mould table a
finished cell is produced at the two pressing positions U and S.
Sheets 1. 2. 3 and Fig. 3 sheet & show the method for producing a battery cell or
other article by the combined operations of pressing and blowing. The blowing
mould B in this case being furnished with an inner pressing mould D that is held
up in position in a similar manner to the mould bottom D previously described.
The metal being charged, the pressing plunger C in descending will produce the
formation of cell shown sectionally at C³, sheet 3. The inner pressing mould
having been withdrawn and being in the position as shewn at D the moveable
bottom is introduced with the interior of mould B. Air under pressure being now.
admitted by tap M and holes C₁ the pressed jar will become enlarged and will
conform to the interior formation of the interior of the mould B thus completing
the processes of pressing and blowing. At each rotation of the mould table two
finished cells will be produced as in the case of the pressed cells previously described.
Electrical cells or jars have up to the present time been made by hand and the
process of manufacture has been such as to leave the upper edge ragged necessi-
tating grinding on a revolving stone or otherwise to render them marketable. It
will be evident that the action of the plunger C and upper formation of mould. B
will obviate this and enable the jars to be turned out with a smooth and perfectly
true upper edge. Fig. 4 sheet 4 shows a Leclanche cell SO
sheet 5 shows a larger square cell so made. It will be well understood that this
made and Fig. 5
arrangement is equally applicable to round cells and the outer rim is a source of
strength to the jar.
I also apply this invention, shect 7, to the manufacture of glass tubes, having
screws at both ends, or screw R at one end and plain flange $ at the other end.
or flanged at both ends. the plunger C being so arranged with the inner mould
or bottom D that the bottom portion of the molten glass, namely, that part P that
forms the extreme lower end will be pressed out or blown out quite thin so as to
be easily ground off thus leaving a glass tube T instead of a long glass vessel.
Fig. 1 shows the mould B having a plain moveable inner mould D which also
forms the bottom. Fig. 2 shews the independent top portion C and the spring F
also the inner mould having separately moveable side E and bottom D.
It will be well understood that whilst my present invention is specially adapted
for the manufacture of large size hollow glass ware it is also applicable for a
variety of smaller sizes. Also that instead of the springs F for holding down or
regulating the top portion C. of plunger this top portion may be held in position
by a separate lever or other suitable arrangement-Also that any other suitable
mechanical or hydraulic arrangement may be substituted for the counterweight Y
and lever Z.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same may be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In machinery for making hollow glass ware mechanical arrangements for
ensuring the molten glass being level or nearly level with the plunger after such
plunger has come sufficiently in contact with the top molten metal to form the mouth

page_text: or top of the hollow glass ware as and for the purposes herein set forth or any mere
modification thereof.
2. In machinery for making glass ware for electrical purposes the arrangements for
securing a smooth rim and top.
3. The mechanical arrangement as shown on sheet 5 whereby the outer mould can
be passed along fixed bars in combination with a stationary and blowing plunger and
an inner pressing mould or any mere modification thereof.
4. The mechanical arrangement for the manufacture of glass tubes substantially
as set forth and described or any mere modification thereof.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1890.
DAN RYLANDS.