Improved Means for Generating Heat from Liquid and other Fuel
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 13th Feb., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Generating Heat from Liquid and other Fuel
We, VOLDEMAR DE POLTAVTSEFF, of 3, Rue de l'Estrapade, Paris, in the
Republic of France, Engineer, and KARAPET KHODJAYAN, of 37, Rue Malar, in
Paris aforesaid, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates principally to an improved method of and apparatus for
generating heat by the combustion of liquid hydrocarbons, but is also applicable to
furnaces in which solid fuel, such as coal, coke or charcoal, is consumed; its
objects being to effect more perfect combustion than hitherto attained, to increase
the heat developed and to economise the consumption of fuel.
In carrying out this invention, we employ two tubes of wrought or cast iron,
fire-clay or other suitable material. These tubes are arranged parallel with one
another; one being slightly higher than the other. A T-piece for a branch-pipe
is screwed or otherwise attached to one end of one of the tubes; a similar T-piece
being screwed to the other end of the other tube. The tubes are connected by
solid end-pieces formed or provided with plugs which fit into the ends of the tubes.
Cold water is admitted to the higher or water-tube through the branch-pipe
pertaining thereto; cold naptha, petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon being
supplied through the other branch-pipe to the lower or hydrocarbon-tube. Each
branch-pipe is furnished with a cock in order that the supply of water or liquid
hydrocarbon passing therethrough may be under control. If the apparatus be used
for heating a steam-generator, the reservoirs containing water and liquid hydro-
carbon to which the branch-pipes lead are preferably placed on the top of the
generator. The branch-pipes are so bent and disposed as to avoid their being
heated by the furnace. From one side of the water-tube, a series of nozzles project
horizontally; the top of the hydrocarbon-tube being furnished with a corresponding
series of nozzles projecting vertically. The top of each hydrocarbon-tube-nozzle
is nearly on a level with the lower side of the orifice in the corresponding water-
tube-nozzle; a small clearance space being left between the two nozzles. These
nozzles may be made separately and screwed into the tubes; or, each tube and its
set of nozzles may be cast in one piece. The upper side of the orifice in each
water-tube-nozzle may be inclined. The orifice is thus made larger at one end
than the other; the larger end being outwards. Pipes of the same internal
diameter as the nozzles extend from the top of the hydrocarbon-tube; these pipes
being bent first downwards and then upwards so that their extremities may point
towards the bottoms of the connected tubes. They serve to convey gases given off
by the hydrocarbon to the point where these gases are consumed. A heater
consisting of thin curved metal or fire-clay turned up at the sides, perforated at the
bottom and furnished with legs is placed under the connected tubes. The turned-up
sides may serve to support the connected tubes. The heater is not fixed to the
furnace, but simply stands on iron or fire-clay supports. A tray may be placed
under the apparatus to receive any water or liquid hydrocarbon which may be
supplied in excess of that for the time being required for combustion. This tray may
be placed under the fire-bars of a furnace already built. It may be made of wood,
as there is no danger of its becoming ignited. A branch-tube for connecting with
another apparatus may extend horizontally from the outer side of the hydrocarbon-
tube.
In working the apparatus, a quantity of liquid hydrocarbon is first permitted to
enter the hydrocarbon-tube until some of it escapes through the nozzles and falls on
the heater, where it is ignited. In a short time, after the tubes have become

page_text: sufficiently hot, a constant supply of liquid hydrocarbon is turned on, and a small
quantity of water admitted to the water-tube; full combustion thereupon taking
place. By regulating the cocks in the branch-pipes, any required degree of heat
may be obtained. The naptha or other liquid hydrocarbon when heated in the
hydrocarbon-tube is vaporized and rushes out of the hydrocarbon-tube-nozzles.
The water in the water-tube is converted into steam and issues from the water-
tube-nozzles. As the jets of vapour and steam impinge against one another, the
liquid not already volatilised becomes completely "pulverised," in which condition
it is more susceptible to heat, and being instantly decomposed or converted into
gas burns with intensity. Any of the liquid hydrocarbon which may escape
volatilisation falls on the heater and serves to maintain the tubes, as also the small
bent pipes hereinbefore referred to, in a heated state.
Where a very intense heat is required, several set of tubes may be arranged one
above the other. In this case, it is unnecessary to employ several heaters, as one
heater with several sets of perforations may be made to answer for several sets
of tubes.
The apparatus above described may be employed to burn any suitable com-
bustible substance which is not too heavy or too thick to flow through the pipes and
tubes. Even gas-tar may be used, or a mixture of naptha or other liquid hydro-
carbon with powdered coal or charcoal.
A modified form of the apparatus, in which the hydrocarbon-tube-nozzles are
dispensed with, the bent pipes on the hydrocarbon-tube still being used for heating
the water-tube, may be employed in furnaces where coal, coke, charcoal or wood is
consumed. Or the water-tube may be used alone, in which case it is heated by the
coal or other solid fuel.
A portion of the branch-pipe leading to the water-tube may be packed with wire
or asbestos, so that the flow of water may be kept uniform. A similar device may
be placed in the branch-pipe leading to the hydrocarbon-tube when a highly-
inflammable hydrocarbon, such as petroleum, is used, or when it is desired to burn
only a small quantity of a heavy hydrocarbon.
The water-tube and the hydrocarbon-tube, although they must always be parallel,
need not be straight. If bent, the flame is spread when the nozzles are on the
convex side of the connected tubes, and concentrated when on the concave side.
The apparatus is more effective when slightly-acidulated water is used in the
water-tube.
T
T
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Generating Heat from Liquid and other Fuel.
We, VOLDEMAR DE POLTAVTSEFF, Engineer, and KARAPET KHODJAYAN,
Merchant, the former of 3, Rue de l'Estrapade, and the latter of 37,
Rue Malar,
Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates principally to an improved method of and apparatus for
generating heat by the combustion of liquid hydrocarbons, but is also applicable
to furnaces in which solid fuel, such as coal, coke or charcoal, is consumed; its
objects being to effect more perfect combustion than hitherto attained, to increase
the heat developed and to economise the consumption of fuel.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of apparatus embodying my invention;
Fig. 2 being a cross section on the line 2, 2 in Fig. 1.

page_text: a
g. o snews the heater in transverse vertical section.
Fig. 7 is a plan corresponding with Fig. 6, but drawn to a smaller scale.
Fig. 8 illustrates a modification.
In carrying out this invention, we employ two tubes A and B of wrought or cast
iron, fire-clay or other suitable material. These tubes are arranged parallel with
one another one (A) being slightly higher than the other (B). A T-piece A¹ for
tranch-pipe A is screwed or otherwise attached to the left end of the tube A; a
similar T-piece B₁ for a branch-pipe B2 being screwed to the right end of the tube B.
These tubes are connected by solid end-pieces C and C¹ formed or provided with
plugs which fit into the ends of the tubes. In Fig. 2, the plugs are marked c'.
Cold water is admitted to the tube A. (which may be called the water-tube) through
the branch-pipe A2; cold naptha, petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbon being
supplied through the branch-pipe 132 to the tube B (which may be termed the
hydrocarbon-tube). Each branch-pipe is furnished with a cock (not shewn in the
drawings) in order that the supply of water or liquid hydrocarbon passing there-
through may be under control. If the apparatus be used for heating a steam-
generator, the reservoirs containing water and liquid hydrocarbon to which the
branch-pipes A and B lead are preferably placed on the top of the generator..
The branch-pipes are so bent and disposed as to avoid their being excessively
heated by the furnace. From one side of the tube A, a series of nozzles a project
horizontally; the top of the tube B being furnished with a corresponding series of
nozzles projecting vertically. The top of each nozzle is nearly on a level with
the lower side of the orifice in the corresponding nozzle a; a small clearance space
being left between the two nozzles. These nozzles may be made separately and
screwed into the tubes, as represented in Figs. 2, 3, 6 and 8; or, each tube and its
set of nozzles may be cast in one piece. as illustrated in Fig, 4. The upper side of
the orifice in each nozzle a may be inclined, as shown in Fig. 4. The orifice is thus
made larger at one end than at the other; the larger end being outwards. Pipes D,
preferably of the same internal diameter as the nozzles a and b, extend from the
top of the tube B; these pipes being bent first downwards and then upwards so that
their extremities may point towards the bottoms of the connected tubes A and B.
They serve to convey gases given off by the hydrocarbon to the point where these
gases are consumed. A heater E consisting of thin curved metal or fire-clay turned
up at the sides, perforated at the bottom and furnished with legs is placed under
the connected tubes. The turned-up sides may serve to support the tubes.
heater is not fixed to the furnace, but simply stands on iron or fire-clay supports.
A tray may be placed under the apparatus to receive any water or liquid hydro-
carbon which may be supplied in excess of that for the time being required for
combustion. This tray may be located under the fire-bars of a furnace already
built. It may be made of wood, as there is no danger of its becoming ignited. A
branch-tube F for connecting with another apparatus may extend horizontally from
the outer side of 'the tube B.
The
In working the apparatus, a quantity of liquid hydrocarbon is first permitted to
enter the tube B until some of it escapes through the nozzles and falls on the
heater E, where it is ignited. In a short time, after the tubes A and B have
become sufficiently hot, a constant supply of liquid hydrocarbon is turned on, and a
small quantity of water admitted to the tube A; full combustion thereupon taking
place. By regulating the cocks in the branch-pipes A and B, any required degree
of heat may be obtained. The naptha or other liquid hydrocarbon when heated
in the tube B is vaporized and rushes out of the nozzles b. The water in the
tube A is converted into steam and issues from the nozzles a. As the jets of vapour
and steam impinge against one another, the liquid not already volatilised becomes
completely "pulverised," in which condition it is more susceptible to heat, and
being instantly decomposed or converted into gas burns with intensity. Any of
the liquid hydrocarbon which may escape volatilisation falls on the heater and
serves to maintain the tubes A and B, as also the bent pipes D, at a proper degree
of heat.

page_text: Where a very intense heat is required, several sets of tubes may be arranged one
above the other, as represented in Fig. 8. In this case, it is unnecessary to employ
several heaters, as one heater E' with several sets of perforations may be made to
answer for several sets of tubes.
The apparatus above described may be eployed to burn any suitable com-
bustible substance which is not too heavy o too thick to flow through the pipes
and tubes. Even gas-tar may be used, or mixture of naptha or other liquid
hydrocarbon with powdered coal, coke or charcoal.
A modified form of the apparatus, in which the nozzles bare dispensed with, the
bent pipes D still being used for heating the tube A, may be employed in furnaces
where coal, coke, charcoal or wood is consumed. Or the water-tube may be used
alone, in which case it is heated by the coal, or other solid fuel.
A portion of the branch-pipe A may be packed with wire or asbestos, so that
the flow of water may be kept uniform. The branch-pipe B may be likewise
packed when a highly-inflammable hydrocarbon, such as petroleum, is used, or
when it is desired to burn only a small quantity of a heavy hydrocarbon.
The tubes A and B, although they should always be parallel, need not be
straight. If bent, the flame is spread when the nozzles are on the convex side of
the connected tubes, and concentrated when on the concave side.
The apparatus is more effective when slightly-acidulated water is used in the
tube A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The improved means for generating heat from liquid and other fuel operating
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In apparatus for generating heat from liquid and other fuel, the combination,
with the water-tube A. furnished with nozzles a, of the hydrocarbon-tube B
provided with nozzles and bent pipes D, substantially as set forth.
3. In apparatus for generating heat from liquid and other fuel, the combination,
with the water-tube A furnished with nozzles a, and the hydrocarbon-tube B
provided with nozzles and bent pipes D, of the heater E, substantially as set
forth.
4. The improved apparatus for generating heat from liquid and other fuel,
arranged substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
and comprising two tubes A and B fitted with T-pieces A and B, and connected
by end-pieces C and C, the water-tube A having a branch-pipe A3 and nozzles a,
and the hydrocarbon-tube B having a branch-pipe B, nozzles b and bent pipes D.
Dated the 12th day of November 1891.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent.