Improvements in Type Writing Machinery.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Sept., 1887
Complete Left, 22nd June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th July, 1888
Improvements in Type Writing Machinery.
I THOMAS DAVID WORRALL of Lynn, Massachusets, United States of America,
residing at 37 Pyrland Road, Highbury New Park, London in the county of
Middlesex, Physician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:--
This invention relates to certain improvements in type writing machinery and has
for its object to simplify the construction and reduce the cost of such apparatus.
According to my present improvements in place of the vertical type carrying wheel
usually employed which has many disadvantages, I employ for a type carrier a wheel
or segment of a wheel mounted horizontally on a vertical spindle. The spindle passes
up through a bearing or bearings formed in a bracket extending from the bed plate,
and both it and the type carrier are capable of horizontal angular or oscillating motion
and also vertical reciprocating motion. I may cast the type in one with the carrier,
but I prefer to arrange them vertically in slots formed around the periphery or part
of the periphery thereof, and I hold them firmly in position by an. external band
or bands of brass steel or other suitable metal provided with suitable adjusting
screws or bolts, by which means the type may be removed or replaced when desired,
and 1 may fit a ring or plate over the top of the type bearing a register thereof: I
also prefer to place a band of rubber or other pliant material between the said
metal band or bands and the type to hold more firmly and prevent injury. By
the said angular motions of the carrier the type are brought consecutively to a
common printing centre and by its depression the act of printing is accomplished,
after which the carrier is returned to normal position by a spiral or flat spring or
equivalent suitably disposed and acting upon the spindle thereof. An adjusting nut
is also applied to the spindle by which the compression of the spring and the travel
and position of the carrier may be regulated.
The above described motions may be imparted to the type carrier by a lever which
I call the printing lever suitably centred thereon, and having its inner end bifurcated
and engaging with the spindle or slotted through it in such a manner that when
angular motion is given to its outer free end it is imparted also to the carrier, and
when depressed it will, by taking against the fixed bearing or ring, also depress the

page_text: type carrier. The outer end of the printing lever is furnished with a suitable finger
knob and on its under side with an adjustable centreing point or pin..
In suitable position below the said type carrier I fix a registering disc or plate
having holes or notches of suitable shape preferably countersunk at the upper part
but with parallel sides towards their base which may be slightly rounded. The holes
or notches are arranged concentrically with the type and with great accuracy and
bear letters or characters corresponding with those of the type, so that when the
printing lever is moved round to the required letter or character the corresponding
type is simultaneously brought to the printing centre. The inking pad is contained
in a circular or segmental groove or tray formed on the registering plate and is
continuous for its entire length except for a space through which the one type
required to print passes at each operation, and this space I call the printing centre.
Its size is adjustable to fit the dimensions of the type in use by means of suitable
slides.
By this arrangement every type not in use is brought into contact with and is
taking on ink from the inking pad at each operation while a single type only meets
and prints the paper through the said printing centre. Directly under the said
printing centre in the inking pad I arrange a bed pin to which vertical reciprocating
motion is given at each operation by means of a lever placed under the paper carriage
hereinafter described and suitably connected with a corresponding moving part, and
by this means the paper is slightly elevated through the said printing centre at each
operation in order to meet the type which at the time is in the act of printing.
The apparatus for carrying and moving the paper beneath the printing centre
consists of two parts, viz. a slide carrier, for moving the paper transversely in the
direction of the lines, and a paper slide carried upon the slide carrier for moving the
paper to and fro: The slide carrier is an open frame mounted on rollers or wheels
traversing transversely the bed plate of the machine, and having a guide or guides
accurately fitted to prevent any deviation from the straight line. The requisite motion
is given to this carriage step by step by means of a graduated rack carried thereon
and capable of vertical adjustment and a pinion gearing therewith whose shaft is part
rotated at each depression of the type carrier by a ratchet and pawl, or other mechanical
arrangement. To vary the spacing of the print I may provide two or more pinions
of different pitch of teeth and adjust the aforesaid rack to gear with one of them as
required. The paper slide consists of a skeleton frame accurately fitted to slide on the
slide carrier at right angles to its direction of motion. The spacing between the lines
is accomplished by means of a graduated rack fixed to the paper slide acted upon by
a pawl and lever, the latter working preferably upon a quadrant provided with pins
for adjusting the travel of the lever and the consequent travel of the rack. The said
frame is covered with parchment cloth silk or other suitable flexible fabric upon which
the paper is laid and clamped down, and which allows of free and unobstructed move-
ment in all required directions beneath the type and printing centre and above the
said bed pin.
The whole of the parts are fitted with the nicest mechanical accuracy so that the
work produced is as perfect as possible.
It will be obvious that by this arrangement I print direct from the type and
dispense entirely with the use of inking ribbons by which I obtain a more clear and
distinct impression.
J. C. CHAPMAN,
70, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type Writing Machinery.
I THOMAS DAVID WORRALL, of Lynn, Massachusets United States of America,
residing at present at 26 Red Lion Square, London W.C. Physician, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to certain improvements in type writing machinery and has
for its object to simplify the construction and reduce the costs of such apparatus.
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which figure 1 is a
plan with a portion broken away to show the type; figure 2 is a side elevation,
figure 2 an alternative detail; figure 3 is a general section on line ab figure 1 the
bracket being a section on line c d figure 1; figure 4 is a plan of the carrier and paper
slide, and figure 5 is an end elevation of same.
Simllar letters refer to similar parts in all of the figures.
According to my present improvements in place of the vertical type carrying wheel
usually employed which has many disadvantages, employ for a type carrier a wheel
or segment of a wheel A mounted horizontally on a vertical spindle a. The spindle a
passes up a bearing or bearings bb formed in a bracket B extending from the
bed plate P. The bed plate is mounted on legs or brackets of any suitable and
ornamental form. The type carrier A and its spindle a are capable of horizontal
angular or oscillating motion and also vertical reciprocating motion in the said
bearings bb. I may cast the type cc in one with the carrier A but I prefer to
arrange them vertically in slots c c¹ formed around the periphery or part of the
periphery thereof, and I hold them firmly in position by an external band or bands a¹
of brass steel or other suitable metal, provided with suitable adjusting screws or
belts a by which means the type may be removed or replaced when desired, and I
may fit a ring or plate a³ over the top of the type bearing a register thereof if desired.
I also prefer to place a band of rubber or other pliant material between the said
metal band or bands a¹ and the type, to hold them more firmly and prevent injury.
In the drawings for the sake of distinctness the type are shown large and widely
spaced in practise any required number would be used and spaced accordingly.
By the said angular motion of the carrier A the type are brought consecutively to a
common printing centre C, and by depressing the carrier the act of printing is
accomplished after which the carrier is returned to normal position by a spiral or flat.
spring or equivalent such as ' suitably disposed and acting upon the spindle a thereof.
An adjusting nut is also applied to the spindle by which the compression of the
spring and the travel and position of the carrier may be regulated.
"
The above described motions are imparted to the type carrier A by a lever L which
I call the printing lever." This lever is caused to act on the carrier and spindle
either as illustrated in figure 2 or 2ª. In the first case the lever L is centred at 7 on
the carrier A, and has its inner end bifurcated at so as to embrace the spindle a

page_text: and take against the lower fixed bearing ; or by the alternative arrangement
illustrated in figure 2", the printing lever L is slotted through and centred at 7 in
the spindle a below the bearing 6: Its inner end is extended and fitted with a small
roller which will bear against and travel upon a fixed ring or plate 1³.
When angular
motion is given thereto it is simultaneously imparted to the carrier A. When the
knob is depressed the bifurcated end of lever L taking against the fixed ring of
bearing figure 2, or the roller taking against the fixed ring figure 2", and in both
cases acting through fulcrum will depress also the type carrier A. The outer end
of the printing lover L is furnished with a suitable finger knob and on its under side
with a self adjusting centreing point or pin x.
Slightly below and around the said type carrier A. I fix a registering disc or plate P
which may advantageously be made in one with the bed plate, whose centre part is
cut away to allow of the required motion of the type carrier. In the said disc or
plate Pholes or notches ppp are formed of suitable shape preferably countersunk
at the upper part but with parallel sides towards their base which may be slightly
rounded. The holes or notches pp are arranged concentrically with the type and
in the same radial lines and with great accuracy, and bear letters or characters
corresponding with those of the type, so that when the printing lever L is moved round
to the required letter or character the corresponding type is simultaneously brought
to the printing centre C. The inking pad D may be contained in a circular or
segmental groove p' formed in the registering plate, or may be carried by a separate
plate & suspended beneath the bed plate on springs d' d' so as to allow it a certain
movement to correspond with that of the carrier A. The inking pad D or plate dis
continuous for its entire length except for the space above and coinciding with the
printing centre C through which the one type required to print passes at cach
operation. Its size is or may be adjustable to fit the dimensions of the type in use by
suitable slides, not shown in the figures. By this arrangement every type not in use
is brought into contact with and is taking on ink from the inking pad D at each
operation while a single type only meets and prints the paper through the said
printing centre C. Directly under the said printing centre in the inking pad I
arrange a bed pin F to which vertical reciprocating motion may be given if required
at each operation by means of a lever placed under the paper carriage hereinafter
described, and suitably connected with a corresponding moving part, and by this
means the paper may be slightly elevated through the said printing centre at each
operation in order to meet the type which at the time is in the act of printing. I do
not however find this motion to be actually required and a bed pin F may be fixed
upon a cross piece such as placed beneath the bed of the machine and made readily
adjustable by screws and winged nuts f¹for any suitable means so that the upper
surface of the bed pin F may be brought to the exact position required to support the
paper when receiving the type at the printing centre C.
The apparatus for carrying and moving the paper beneath the printing centro
consists of two parts viz.: a slide carrier S for moving the paper transversely in the
direction of the lines, and a paper slide T carried upon the slide carrier S for moving
the paper to and fro.
The slide carrier S is an open frame having its sides ss made preferably of
an shape in section. The carrier is mounted on rollers or wheels s¹s at both ends
or it may have rollers at one end and slides s² ² at the other, both rollers or slides
run on transverse bars or guides of suitable section so that the carrier S will
travel transversely below the bed plate of the machine. Care is to be observed that
all the parts in connection with this carrier are accurately made and fitted so as to
prevent any deviation from the straight line. The requisite motion is given to the
carrier S when at work by means of the tension of a spring such as M and the required
step by step motion is regulated as follows. R is a graduated rack fixed upon the
carrier. This rack may be made capable of vertical adjustment for a purpose herein-
after shown. With the rack R gears a pinion which is actuated at each operation
of printing lever L by any convenient means. In the drawings the pinion ris
illustrated as in one with a ratchet wheel which is actuated at each upward return

page_text: of the lever L by the pawl Q. The pawl Q is hinged at q and pivotted at q₁ to the
foot of one arm of a bell crank lever H centred at h on the bracket B and having
the end of its other arm engaged with and operated by a suitable collar or the
adjusting nut at top of spindle a. The pawl works in a guide on the side of
bracket B and has a spring q² constantly holding it in gear with ratchet R, and a
small lever q³ to throw it out of gear when required; a second spring pawl U is
applied in convenient situation to prevent back action of the ratchet in the usual
manner.
In cases where it is desirable to vary the spacing of the letters of the printing
instead of only one pinion as described two or more pinions may be employed with
different pitches of teeth. The rack R being adjustable vertically as before indicated
may be set to gear with any desired one of these pinions, and thereby the step by step
motion of the carriage S will be varied in accordance with the dimensions and pitch
of the teeth of the particular pinion. To return the carrier to normal position the
pawls are to be thrown out of gear and a handle St is provided to operate the
carrier.
The paper slide T overlies the carrier S and consists of a skeleton frame t
accurately fitted having its sides formed preferably of ☐ shape in section to fit
accurately over and slide freely upon the before mentioned sides of carrier S as
illustrated at st figures 3 and 5. Its motion is thus at right angles to the direction
of motion of the carrier. The travelling of the paper slide for spacing between the
lines is accomplished by band when required by means of a graduated ratchet toothe
rack t¹ fixed to or formed on one of its sides. This rack is acted upon by a pawl t
with gearing spring. The pawl may be operated when desired by the hand lever t³ of
and
such length as to always project a convenient distance beyond the bedplate P,
which may if desired be provided with and work upon a quadrant with pins for
adjusting the travel of the lever and consequent travel of the rack and slide T."
The said frame is covered with parchment cloth, silk or other suitable flexible fabric
upon which the paper is laid and may be clamped down securely by a spring clamp
of any suitable form as shown at w. The carrier S and slide T are thus free to bo
operated in all required directions with facility and the paper is travelled therewith
and thereby beneath the type and printing centre and above the said bed pin F.
The bracket B may advantageously be hinged as shown at Z so that the whole of
the upper part of the machine may be raised when required.
In operation the printing lever L is brought over the letter or character required
upon the bed or registering disc plate and this brings the corresponding type in the
type carrier above the printing centre. On depression of the lever L the centreing
pin enters the required hole p all the type being thus pressed against the inking pad
which will be depressed for a certain distance along with the carrier so that they will
all take on ink except the one which is over the printing centre and in the act of
printing this motion through the bell crank lever will raise the driving pawl one
tooth on the ratchet, and on the lever L being returned by spring to its normal
position the pawl will be forced downwards driving the ratchet and pinion and thus
imparting the required step to the carrier and paper. The usual bells or equivalent
appliances are provided for indicating the approach to the end of the lines of
printing.
The whole of the parts are fitted with the nicest mechanical accuracy so that the
work produced is as perfect as possible. It will be obvious that by this arrangement
I print direct from the type and dispense entirely with the use of inking ribbons by
which I obtain a more clear and distinct impression.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1. In type writing machinery the use of a horizontal type carrier capable of
horizontal angular and vertical reciprocating motions over an inking pad and printing
centre constructed and operating substantially as setforth.

page_text: 2. The combination with a horizontal type carrier, inking pad, and printing centre
arranged as specified of the means described for imparting to said carrier the required
motion substantially as sefforth in reference to figures 2 and 2ª.
3. The combination with a horizontal type carrier and a spring suspended inking
pad and printing centre arranged and operated as specified so that all the type are
taking on ink during each operation except the one in the act of printing of an
adjustable bed pin, register plate with holes, and printing lever all arranged sub-
stantially as and for the purposes setforth.
4. The construction and working of the slide carrier S and paper slide T the former
provided with an adjustable rack and operated step by step as described and the latter
provided with a rack and operated by lever and pawl as and for the purposes
setforth.
5. The arrangement of parts for driving and imparting the required motions to
the said slide carrier and paper slide and for adjusting the former for any desired
spacing of print.
6. The improved arrangement of type writing machinery herein before described
and illustrated by the drawings.
J. C. CHAPMAN,
Fel. Inst. Patent Agents,
70, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agent for Applicant.