IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND CUTTING OR SHAPING STONE, MILLSTONES, AND HARD SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Worby Beaumont, of Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, and James Welman, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, Engineers,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND
CUTTING OR SHAPING STONE, MILLSTONES, AND HARD SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Worby Beaumont
& James Welman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
16th June 1881.
WILLIAM WORBY BEAUMONT, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, and
JAMES WELMAN, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND CUTTING OR SHAPING STONE, MILLSTONES,
AND HARD SUBSTANCES."
A
This Invention consists in improvements in apparatus for dressing and cutting
or shaping stone, millstones, and other hard substances. According to this Invention
we use a cutting or dressing tool of suitable form for the purpose in view in each
case, which tool is so held and arranged that a rapid vibratory motion may be
imparted to it, which motion will produce the required effect of cutting or dressing
the stone. To impart this motion I use a small tup or hammer, which imparts or
gives to the beforo mentioned tool a series of blows repeated with great rapidity.
The tup may consist of a solid piston working in a small cylinder, through one lid
or end of which projects the before mentioned tool, or a holder for same.
cushioning appliance, such as india rubber washers resting on the lid or end, and
between the lid or end of the cylinder and collars on the dressing tool or tool
holder, to supply the necessary elasticity to provide for a vibratory motion of small
range in the cutting tool, or so that the inertia to be overcome by the tup in this
form is that of the tool only and not that of the cylinder also, as it would be if
the tool were rigidly fixed to the cylinder. The piston or tup may be caused to
reciprocate by compressed air, or it may be, for instance, by steam or by electricity.
I prefer to cause the space above the piston or tup in the cylinder before mentioned
to communicate by means of a flexible pipe connection with a cylinder, in which

page_text: works a piston moved rapidly by hand or by machinery. As this piston rises and
falls it will alternately reduce and augment the pressure on the before mentioned
cylinder containing the tup, and cause the tup to rise and fall at the same time,
and so impart or give to the cutting or dressing tool the required series of blows,
or the tool may be attached to a tup or piston part, and thus receive the necessary
reciprocating movement. In order to control the action of the tool we regulate
the flow of the impelling fluid by a cock or valve.
For working the tool by electricity we may make the tup form the core of or be
connected to an electro magnet receiving a reciprocating motion of short range. Or
the tup may be an armature within a solenoid, contact make and brake pieces
being provided.
The tool or apparatus has a handle or part adapted for holding and directing
the action on the surface as required, and may also rest on legs, castors, wheels, or
other support so as to glide or roll casily over the surface and reliovo the guiding
hand of the weight.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Worby Beaumont & James Welman in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th December 1881.
WILLIAM WORBY BEAUMONT, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, and
JAMES WELMAN, of Poole, in the County of Dorset, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING AND CUTTING OR SHAPING STONE, MILLSTONES,
AND HARD SUBSTANCES."
This Invention consists in improvements in apparatus for dressing and cutting or
sharpening stone, millstone, and other hard substances. According to this Invention
we use a cutting or dressing tool of suitable form for the purpose in view in each
case, which tool is so held and arranged that a rapid vibratory motion may bo
imparted to it, which motion will produce the required effect of cutting or dressing
the stone. To impart this motion we use a small tup or hammer which imparts
or gives to the before mentioned tool a series of blows repeated with great rapidity.
The tup may consist of a solid piston working in a small cylinder, through one lid
or end of which projects the before mentioned tool, or holder for same. A
cushioning appliance, such as india rubber washers, rosts on the lid or end and
between the lid or end of the cylinder and collars on the dressing tool or tool
holder to supply the necessary elasticity to provide for a vibratory motion of small
range in the cutting tool; or so that the inertia to be overcome by the tup in
this form is that of the tool only and not that of the cylinder also, as it would be
if the tool were rigidly fixed to the cylinder. The piston or tup may be caused
to reciprocate by compressed air, or it may bo, for instance, by steam.
We prefer
to cause the space above the piston or tup in the cylinder before mentioned to
communicate by means of a flexible pipe connection with a cylinder in which
works a piston moved rapidly by hand or by machinery. As this piston rises and
falls it will alternatoly reduce and augment the pressure in the before mentioned
cylinder containing the tup, and cause the tup to rise and fall at the same time,
and so impart or give to the cutting or depressing tool the required series of blows,
or the tool may be attached to a tup or piston part, and thus receive the necessary
reciprocating movement. In order to control the action of the tool we regulato
the flow of the impelling fluid by a cock or valve.
The tool or apparatus has a handle or part adapted for holding and directing
the action on the surface as required, and may also rest on legs, castors, wheels, or
other support, so as to glide or roll casily over the surface and relieve the guiding
hand of the weight.
In order that our said Invention may be fully understood we now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purposo shall refer to tho
several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings accompanying this Specification.
In Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 74, and 8, similar letters refer to similar parts.
Figures 1 and 2 are sectional and external views respectively of the dressing or
shaping apparatus as first above described.
A is the cylinder in which the piston tup B reciprocates under the action of the
alternately compressed and extended air admitted by the pipe K.
D is the dressing, cutting, or shaping tool, which in this case is shown as a piece
of flat steel held in the holder O by a bolt S. The holder O fits freely in the
cover C. At this part it is round, but is prevented from turning by the set screw S,
the point of which engages in the slot t or the slot t, according as the tool D is
required to be set as shown, or with its cutting edge in the direction of the handle,
part of which is shown at J. An india rubber collar is placed at F and another
at H, and the iron or steel cap collar G is screwed on to the end of the holder
stem. The, object of the collar H is to supply the necessary elasticity and to
provide for a vibratory motion of small range; the object of the collar F is to
prevent noise and injurious backlash in the return movement of the toolholder and
tool.

page_text: K is the short piece of pipe to which is attached a flexible hose pipe M for
connection with a pumper, shown at Figures 3 and 4, and to be hereafter described.
L is a cock by. which air communication is shut off or controlled.
J is a part of a wood handle attached to a projection cast on the cylinder, and
which is made of suitable length for holding the apparatus.
The pipe K may also be used as a handle for steadying the apparatus.
Figures 3 and 4 are longitudinal and transverse vertical sections of one form of
a machine which we have called a pumper, suitable for alternately augmenting and
reducing the as required for operating the apparatus. In Figure 3, 1 is the
cylinder, in which the piston 2 reciprocates by means of the connecting rod 3
attached to the crank pin 4, which is driven by a belt on one of the pulleys 5, one
of which is fixed and the other loose on the shaft 6, or which may in some cases be
worked by a winch fixed to one end of the crank or fly wheel shaft, or to
a secondary shaft geared thereto, so as to obtain the required speed for the pumper
piston and tup. The crank shaft revolves in bearings on the top of the supports 71
which are fixed to a bed plate 8, or to the top of a vessel 9 which contains water
and forms a water envelope or jacket for keeping the cylinder cool; the vessel 9
forms part of the bed plate 8, and may be extended in capacity by making the
whole bed plate a tank.
Water is supplied to and runs from the vessel 9 through pipes indicated at the
holes 10, 11. The water is not needed where the work is frequently interrupted.
When the piston 2 rises it draws the air from the cylinder A of the dressing
apparatus shown in Figures 1 and 2, and from the pipe M connecting this and
the pumper at 12, and raises the tup B in the dresser cylinder. When the piston 2,
Figures 3 and 4, descends, the air is driven back from the cylinder 1, Figures 3
and 4, through the connecting pipo attached at 12 into the cylinder A of the
dressing apparatus, and the tup in the dresser cylinder is driven down and gives a
sharp blow on the top of the cap collar C by which the blow is transmitted to
the tool D. The crank shaft 6, Figures 3 and 4, is driven at as many revolutions
per unit of time as it is desired that the tup in the cylinder of the dressing apparatus
or the tool thereof shall make strokes in the same space of time; this also applies
This machine we show
to the modification shewn in Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 74.
as one form of apparatus or pumper suitable for the purpose of working our
apparatus, but we do not claim this, per se, as now. Moreover for some purposes
we may use a treadle instead of the winch handle above mentioned.
In the modification of the dressing or shaping apparatus shewn at Figure 5
the tool D is held in a holder which is an extension of the cap collar G shown in
Figure 1, the holder O of Figure 1 and the cap G being in this modification inade
all in one piece, the india rubber cushion collar H is placed under the collar Z
which is formed on the holder G; an india rubber collar may also if desired be
placed above this collar for the same purpose as the washer F in Figures 1 and 2.
The tool is fixed in the holder G by the set screw S¹. In the modification of the
dressing apparatus shown in Figure 6 the tup B is united to a piston T by a rod P,
the tup being circular and guided between correspondingly formed guides R which
project from the cylinder A, and carry the boss E, in which the upper part of the
tool D fits freely. The short piece of metallic pipe inserted in the side of the
cylinder A may be screwed into a hole at K or K¹.
"
The collar G¹ is fixed on the top of the tool D by the set screw S, an india
rubber collar H being placed beneath as shown. In the modifications shown at
Figures 7 and 74, the upper end of the tool D is fixed into the piston T and slides
freely in the cover C, the tool being prevented from rotating in the cover by a pin
or pins or screws inserted therein, and taking into one or more grooves such as d
shown in the upper part or stom of the tool.
The tool D in this caso rises and falls with the piston T. A cushion of elastic
material may be placed on the bottom of the cylinder A to prevent the piston
from striking direct on to the cover. The legs are adjustable by means of the
screwed ends thereof in the lugs or flange at the bottom of the cylinder, and by

page_text: the nuts for fixing them in position. Instead of the arrangement shewn at
Figures 7 and 74 the apparatus may be attached to a light frame, which may bo
laid, for instance, upon a millstone, the attachment being similar in form to a small
compound sliding rest of a lathe, so that the apparatus may be made to move
backwards and forwards and cut small grooves at set but adjustable distances
apart, as in the fine dressing of a mill stone.
In the modification shewn in Figure 8 compressed air is admitted at K, and by
the port b' enters the annular space e, e, and drives the tup B upwards. When
the tup has reached the upper part of the cylinder A the port c' reaches the port a
and the air is exhausted from the spaco e, e. At the same time the port b reaches
the entrance of the air at K, and the air passes through 6 and enters the upper
part of the cylinder A, and acting on the top of the piston B drives it down, when
it strikes the top of the tool D. The port 6' is again open for the admission of
air to the space e, e, and the port b is open to a¹ for exhausting the air from the
top of the piston tup B. The cycle of operations is repeated, and the tup recipro-
cates in accordance with the quantity and prossure of air admitted at K, as
controlled by a cock in a pipe at K, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 1
the cock L is shown with an ordinary taper plug, but other forms may be employed
for regulating or stopping the entrance and withdrawal of air.
Another modification of the apparatus as it may be used for carving or chasing
stone and other hard substances, such as metals and some kinds of wood, consists
in dispensing with the handle J or the projection to which it is fastened, and taking
hold of the cylinder itself, which in this case would be small, in the same manner
as a pencil or pen is held.
In all the arrangements shown the cutting tool is made to fit in the lower part
of the cylinder, or the cylinder cover or tool holder connected therewith, so that
the tool may have its cutting edge either in the direction of the length of the
handle or transversely thereto, and instead of the cutting tool a tool for caulking,
or other purposes requiring repeated blows, may be inserted in the holder.
In the Figures 1, 2, 5, 6, 74, and 8 one form of tool only is shown, but tools of
other forms may be used to suit the different kinds of work which may be required
to be done.
At Y, Figure 2, a union nut is shown, but the flexible pipe M may be put direct
on to the pipe K without intervention of this union.
In place of the cover cast with the upper part of the cylinder, as shown at
Figs. 1, 2, 5, 7, and 7ª, the cover, as shown at Figures 6 and 8, may be used in all
cases.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our Invention,
and in what manner the same is or may be carried into effect, we would observe
that what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the apparatus
for dressing, shaping, carving or chasing stone, mill-stones, or other hard substances,
such as metals or hard woods, in which the tool is operated by means of air, alter-
nately augmented and reduced in pressure or by means of compressed air or other
fluid, substantially as herein described and shown.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Worby Beaumont, for myself and on
behalf of the said James Welman, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
W. WORBY BEAUMONT. (LS.)