IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND' WINDING YARNS AND THREADS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Willis and George Chell, both of Long-'
sight, near the City of Manchester, Machine Makers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND'
WINDING YARNS AND THREADS."
Sealed the 22nd July 1859, and dated the 12th February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Willis and
George Chell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th February 1859.
We, THOMAS WILLIS and GEORGE CHELL, both of Longsight, near the City of
Manchester, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, DOUBLING,
AND WINDING YARNS AND THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new mode of driving either the bobbins or
spindles, and of building the yarn or thread upon the bobbins or spindles of
machines for spinning, twisting, donbling, and winding yarn and thread.
In performing our Invention we employ revolving friction discs for imparting
motion to the bobbins or spindles, which discs serve as pressers for building the
yarn or thread on the bobbins or spindles, or the discs may be used for driving
the bobbins or spindles while the building of the yarn or thread on the bobbins
or spindles is effected in the usual manner or the building may be effected by
the discs while the spindles or bobbins are driven in the usual manner,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Willis and George Chell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 11th August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
WILLIS and GEORGE CHELL, both of Longsight, near the City of Manchester,
Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her Most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Willis and George Chell, Her special licence that we, the
said Thomas Willis and George Chell, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Willis and George Chell,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING YARNS AND THREADS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Willis and George
Chell, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Willis and George Chell,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say)
The nature of this Invention consists in improved modes of driving either
the bobbins or the spindles, and of building the yarn or thread upon the bobbins
or spindles of the machines for spinning, twisting, doubling, and winding yarn
and thread, for which Letters Patent were granted to the within-named
Thomas Willis in One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
In performing our Invention we employ revolving friction discs for imparting
motion to the bobbins or spindles, which discs serve as pressers for building
the yarn or thread on to the bobbins or spindles, or the discs may be used for

page_text: driving the bobbins or spindles while the building of the yarn or thread on the
bobbins or spindles is effected by pressers of the usual construction; also in
varying the speed of the bobbins or spindles and yarn guides according
to the increasing diameter of the yarn or thread wound on the bobbins.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an end elevation of our improved machine for doubling and
winding yarn or thread on to pin bobbins. The yarn or thread to be doubled
and wound on to the pin bobbins a, is supplied to the machine on the bobbins
b, b, which are mounted on skewers or revolving spindles in the usual manner;
each yarn or thread in unwinding off the bobbins b, b, is taken up to the loops
c, c, and then descends and passes under one of the friction rollers d, d, or the
bobbins b, b, can be placed horizontally and at a considerable distance from the
rollers d. The object of thus carrying the yarns up and down or otherwise nt
a distance is to give the attendant the opportunity of seeing any defects, and of
stopping the machine before they arrive at the friction rollers. When the yarns
pass beyond the friction rollers & they are taken over 'the rail e, fixed to the
lever f³, which has an up-and-down motion imparted to it in the usual manner
by the heart f acting on the lever f¹, which is connected to the lever f" by the
link f. The bobbins a, a, are placed on skewers a', and they bear upon and
are turned round by the friction of the conical discs y, fixed to spindles g',
on which are wharves g³, driven by bands from the drum g³. The pin bobbins
a may be pressed on the conical discs g by a spring or weight, as in machines
where the usual cups or pressers are employed. As the yarn or thread accu-
mulates on the bobbin a, it rises into the position indicated by dotted lines.
By these improvements the yarn or thread is wound on the bobbins by the
direct action of the conical friction disc g, which thus answers the same object
as the presser or builder hitherto employed. The requisite motion is commu-
nicated to the drum g³ by the shaft h, which is turned round by hand or other
power; when hand power is used the attendant turns the handle h³, and the
bevel pinion ³, gearing into the pinion g' imparts the rotary motion to the
drun g³, but if steam power is employed the handle h¹ is dispensed with, and
a fast and loose pulley are put in its place. In some cases this Invention may
be modified by fixing the bobbins a to spindles which are turned round by
bands as usual.
Figure 2 represents an elevation, and Figure 3 a plan of our improved mode
of driving four pin bobbins with one friction disc. a, a, are the four pin bobbins
placed upon skewers a', and bearing upon the conical circumference of the

page_text: disc 9. This disc is fixed to an upright shaft g', to the lower end of which is fixed
a bevel friction or toothed wheel 2, driven by another wheel i¹, fixed to the
horizontal shaft i, which latter extends the whole length of the machine and
drives all the disco y in the same manner. The yarn or thread is distributed.
over the bobbins by the rails e. e, which are moved up and down in the arc of
a circle by the levers and link, actuated by a heart as described in
reference to Figure 1, or by any other suitable mechanism.
Figure 4 is an elevation, Figure 5 a section, and Figure 6 a plan of a
modification of our improved mode of driving four pin bobbins by one friction
disc; in this arrangement the friction discs y are fixed on the horizontal
shaft, and the bobbins a are placed on the skewers a' fixed in the frames j,,
the feet of which are screwed to the cross rails j¹.
Figure 7 represents an elevation partly in section of another modification.
of our Invention. In this arrangement the bobbins a, a, are placed horizontally
and the requisite friction for winding the yarn or thread on the bobbins by the
disc g is obtained by the weights k attached to cords passing over little guide
pulleys and fixed to the sliding bushes, or springs may be applied instead of
weights. The discs g are driven in the manner described in reference to
Figure 2.
Figure 8 is a section of a mode of driving the bobbins, when supported in
the ordinary presser or cup /; the disc is made with two friction surfaces
and, and the pressers are supported so as to bring the bobbins a, which do
not require to be mounted on skewers or spindles in contact with the said
surfaces, consequently when the discs revolve the bobbins are turned round by
friction; the yarn or thread is supplied to the bobbins in the usual manner,
or according to any of the modes for which Letters Patent were granted to
us on the Twenty-ninth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
seven.
very.
In Figure 9 we have shewn two of our improved modes of driving the
bobbins of machines used in spinning, twisting, doubling, and winding
yarn and thread; the left-hand side of the figure represents a friction disc ',
similar to the one shewn in Figure 8, but of smaller diameter, the object
being to proportion the diameters of the surfaces and to the larger and
smaller diameters of the bobbins a, and thus to avoid the rubbing of the
surfaces. The bobbins are supported in the ordinary cup or presser l. On
the right-hand side of the figure a conical disc g is shewn, as in Figure 5,
acting on a vertical bobbin a, but in this case, also, the disc y is reduced in
diameter for the same purpose. In constructing a machine all the bobbins
would be driven according to either of the modes shewn, and the discs or y

page_text: are turned round by the drum g³, and bands acting on wharves &² fixed on the
shafts g', as shewn, or by other suitable machinery.
Figures 10 and 11 represent another of our improved modes of driving
bobbins ; in this case the bobbin a is supported in the usual presser l, and the
parallel part of the bobbin is flattened, as shewn in Figure 11, and fits in the
wharve m, which revolves in a bush in the rail n; the wharve m is driven by
a band from the drum g³, or in other convenient manner, and the yarn or
thread is supplied as usual; when the drum g³ revolves the wharves m and
bobbins a are turned round, and the yarn or thread is gradually wound on the
bobbins, which rise in the pressers in the usual manner, and as shewn by
dotted lines.
The arrangement shewn in Figure 12 is very similar to that shewn in
Figure 5; the principal difference between the two is that in Figure 12 the
bobbins a, a, are placed horizontally, and the friction between the bobbin or
yarn and the disc g is given by springs o, o, but weights may be used as in
Figure 7, if desirable.
:
In Figure 13 the discs g are fixed to a horizontal shaft i, and the bobbins
a, a, are placed in diagonal positions or otherwise; the skewers a¹ of the
bobbins are attached to the levers p, which are hinged to the levers p³, fixed
to the shafts p², and the friction between the bobbin or yarn and the conical
friction disc g is obtained by the weights p³, acting through the levels p on
the bobbins. The yarn is distributed on the bobbins by the guide rods e,
levers f³, rod f³, and a heart, as before described.
Figure 14 represents an elevation of part of a machine, by which a variable
speed: is imparted to the bobbin, to compensate for the different diameters of
the cone on which the yarn is wound; y is the driving shaft, on which is fixed
a pinion q gearing in the wheel r, from the face of which projects a stud r²,
taking into a slot in the wheel r³, which drives the horizontal shaft i, by the
pinions shewn in the Drawing. The wheel revolves at a uniform speed, but
in revolving it imparts a varying speed to the lead wheel r², by the stud pl
acting in the slot at different distances from the axis of the said wheel r³; by
this means the spindle a is made to turn round at a great velocity when the
yarn is being delivered at the small end of the cone, and proportionately slower
as the yarn is raised up the cone; the heart is to move the yarn guide
as before described.
Figure 15 represents an elevation of part of a machine, in which the speed
of the bobbins is gradually diminished in proportion to their increasing
diameters; s is the driving shaft, to which is connected by a key and groove
the friction pulley s'; this pulley drives the disc t, fixed to the same shaft as

page_text: the tin drum, which by bands drives the spindles v¹, and bobbins v. The
disc gives motion to the shaft u, by the train of wheels and pinions shewn,
and the shaft u is furnished with a worm, taking into the pinion u³, and thus
giving motion to the cone u³, which has small grooves in its circumference.
A cord is secured to the boss of the friction pulley s³, and after passing over a
guide pulley is secured to the cone u. The heart f is for distributing the
yarn or thread on to the bobbins v. When the machine is set to work and
the bobbins are empty, the friction pulley s¹ is acting on the inner diameter of
the disc t, to give the greatest speed to the drum v³, and to the spindles and
bobbins, but as the yarn or thread accumulates on the bobbins, and their
diameter increases, the cone u² in turning round takes up the cord connected
to the pulley s', which thus approaches the circumference of the disc t, and
diminishes the speed of the bobbins in proportion to their increased diameter.
Figure 16 is a combination of machinery for varying the traverse of the
guides, to compensate for the varying speed of the bobbins. The shaft w
revolves at a regular speed, and to it are fixed the friction rollers 20³, on which
the bobbins v rest, and the worm w¹ gearing in the wheel x; this wheel is fixed
to the disc, which gives motion to the friction pulley y and shaft y¹; to the
shaft y¹ is fixed the pulley y², which gives motion to the disc and to the heart f,
acting on the lever f¹; the cone pulley u², similar to that shewn in Figure 15,
is turned slowly round by the click z¹, hinged to the lever f¹, acting on the
ratchet wheel; the upper end of the lever f¹ is connected by the link f' to
the rail f, to which the guides f* are secured. When the machine is at work
and the bobbins are empty the friction pulley y being near the circumference
of the disc a', and the pulley y' near the centre of the disc z, cause this disc
and the heart to revolve at the required speed for distributing. the yarn
evenly over the barrel of the bobbin, but as the yarn accumulates on the
bobbin the speed of the traversing rail f5 is diminished by the cone u³ winding
up the cord connected to the shaft y', and thus bringing the friction pulley y
nearer to the axis of the disc a³, and the pulley y' nearer the circumference
of the disc by this means the yarn is at all times evenly laid on the
bobbins.
2
Various other modifications of our Invention might be given, but the fore-
going will be sufficient to illustrate the peculiar character thereof; the object
of which is to simplify the machinery used in spinning, twisting, doubling,
and winding yarns and threads, and to effect the said operations more regularly
and expeditiously than heretofore.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention and described several modes
of carrying the same into opération, we declare that we claim

page_text: .
First, the application of revolving conical friction surfaces for winding yarn
or thread on to bobbins of machines used for spinning, twisting, doubling, and
winding, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9,
12, 13, and 14, whereby the bobbins are turned round, and the yarn or thread
built upon them without the aid of cups or pressers.
Secondly, the application of revolving friction surfaces for winding yarn or
thread on pin bobbins, supported in cups or pressers, as shewn and described
in reference to Figures 8 and 9.
Thirdly, the improved mode of winding yarn or thread on pin bobbins,
supported in cups or pressers, as shewn and described in reference to Figures 10
and 11.
Fourthly, the application of a stud working in a slot, as shewn and de-
scribed in reference to Figure 14, for producing the variable speeds required
to wind yarn or thread on conical bobbins.
Fifthly, the improved combination of machinery shewn and described in
reference to Figure 15, for varying the speed of the bobbins according to the
increasing diameter of the yarn or thread wound on them.
Sixthly, the improved combination of machinery shewn and described in
reference to Figure 16, for varying the traverse of the guides, according to
the increasing diameter of the yarn or thread wound on the bobbins.
Seventhly, causing the yarns or threads when supplied to machines for
spinning, twisting, doubling, and winding, to pass through sufficient space, so
as to enable the attendant to detect the defects and to stop the machine before
such defects are wound on the bobbins or spindles, as described in reference
to Figure 1.
Eighthly, the connecting the guide wires e to vibrating levers, whereby
they are moved in the arcs of circles, as shewn and described in reference to
Figure 2.
And, lastly, we claim the general arrangements of the machinery shewn and
described, or any combination of parts of the same.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Willis and George Chell,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.