IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR WARMING AND KEEPING WARM ARTICLES OF FOOD. PARTICULARLY INFANTS FOOD
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Bevan, of Birkenhead. in the County of
Chester, Watch Manufacturer. and Abe! Fleming, of the same Place,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR
WARMING AND KEEPING WARM ARTICLES OF FOOD. PARTICULARLY INFANTS
FOOD."
Sealed the 20th November 1866, and dated the 25th May 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Bevan and Abel
Fleming at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th May 1866.
We, EDWARD BEVAN. of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Watch
Manufacturer, and ABEL FLEMING, of the same Place, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPA-
BATUS FOR WARMING AND KEEPING WARM ARTICLES OF FOOD, PARTICULARLY
INFANTS FOOD," to be as follows: -
The means which we employ for the above purpose are an apparatus of
novel construction and hot water or other hot liquid, and the object which we
have in view is to allow heat to be communicated from the hot water or
liquid, so as to keep infants, invalids, and other food warm and in a desired
condition for many hours, say, during a whole night, without the application

page_text: of fire to or in communication with the apparatus. Another object which we
have in view is to prevent loss of heat by radiation from the surface of the
apparatus.
The apparatus is made of metal, earthenware, glass, or other suitable
material, of a cylindrical or other convenient shape. In its simplest con-
struction one vessel is placed within another, the inner or smaller one being the
food container, and the space between the two the hot water or other hot
liquid chamber. A tight fitting cover or lid is attached so that no steam or
heat can escape directly into the surrounding atmosphere. In this construction
the hot water or liquid chamber, the water or liquid being distributed in about
an equal thickness all over the outer surface of the sides and bottom of the
food container, should be about three times the size or capacity of the food
container, and the quantity of hot water employed should not be less than
three half pints, if it be desired that food should be kept warm for several
hours.
The apparatus in its most complete form, constructed with a view to prevent
loss of heat by radiation, is enclosed in another vessel, so as to leave a jacket
of air surrounding it, the said apparatus; the cover or lid should also be fitted so
as to contain a jacket of air. A covering of hair, felt. feathers. or other so
called heat non-conducting substance could be fitted to or placed on the
apparatus first described, and the air jacket space could be filled or partially
filled with charcoal, brickdust, or other substance, but we have found that
these agents are not so efficacious as the air jacket for preventing loss of heat
by radiation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. we, EDWARD
BEVAN, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Watch Manufacturer, and
ABEL FLEMING, of the same Place, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors. give and grant unto us, the
said Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming, Her special license that we, the said
Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming, our executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as we, the said Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend.
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPA.
RATUS FOR WARMING AND KEEPING WARM ARTICLES OF FOOD, PARTICULARLY
INFANTS FOOD," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edward
Bevan and Abel Fleming, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Bevan, and Abel Fleming do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement. reference being had to the Drawings attached
hereto, and to the figures and letters thereon (that is to say): -
The means which we employ for the above purpose are an apparatus of
novel construction and hot water or other hot liquid. and the object which we
have in view is to allow heat to be communicated from the hot water or liquid
so as to keep infants, invalids, and other food warm and in a desired condition
for many hours. say. during a whole night, without the application of fire
to or in communication with the apparatus. Another object which we have
in view is to prevent loss of heat by radiation from the outer surface of the
apparatus.
The apparatus is made of metal, earthenware, glass. or other suitable
material, of a cylindrical or other convenient shape. In its simplest and least
expensive construction one vessel is placed within another, the inner or smaller
one being the food container, and the space between the two the hot water or
other hot liquid chamber. A tight fitting cover or lid is attached so that no
steam or heat can escape directly into the surrounding atmosphere. In this
construction the hot water or liquid chamber, the water or liquid being
distributed in about an equal thickness all over the outer surface of the sides
and bottom of the food container, should be about three times the size or
capacity of the food container, and the quantity of hot water employed should
not be less than three half pints if it be desired that food should be kept
warm for several, say, six hours.

page_text: The apparatus in its most complete form constructed with a view to prevent
loss of heat by radiation is enclosed in another vessel, so as to leave a jacket
of air surrounding the said apparatus; the cover or lid should also be fitted so
as to contain a jacket of air. A covering of hair felt, feathers, or other so-
called heat non-conducting substance could be fitted to or placed on the appa-
ratus first described, and the air jacket space could be filled or partially filled
with charcoal, brickdust, or other substance, but we have found that these
agents are not so efficacious as the air jacket for preventing loss of heat by
radiation.
On the accompanying Sheet of illustrative Drawings Fig. 1 represents a
perspective view, the lid being open, and Fig. 2 a vertical transverse section,
the lid being closed, both of one of our said apparatus in its most complete
form, that is to say, an apparatus provided with a space for a jacket of air to
retard dissipation or loss of heat. With the jacket of air, or so called insu-
lator, the apparatus is capable of warming and keeping warm articles of food
for a greater length of time than when insulated; indeed when constructed in
accordance with the Drawings, which are made half size, milk and other like
food for infants and invalids can be warmed from time to time as required, or
kept warm during a whole night, and that without danger of being burnt"
or appreciably deterorated in quality, it being understood of course that at
night the apparatus has been properly charged with boiling water. Like
letters of reference denote the same parts in both views.
a is the foot space, for cleanliness an easily moved glass vessel marked bis
used; c is the vessel, and d the space for hot water which is supplied through
the opening e, closed by a cap or its equivalent; is the outer vessel or case
with flange base piece h. Between c and g is space i for air; we prefer to
leave the air quite still, a small opening or several small openings in the
case allowing the air in i to communicate with the surrounding atmosphere
is not very objectionable; is the lid with air space k, between and the outer
part or case m.
In its simplest form the parts g, h, and m, or g, h, only, are not added,
and when inexpensiveness is a consideration the vessel b may be dispensed
with.
Although the spaces and are here shewn with air only therein it is
obvious they might be filled or partially filled with hair, felt, feathers, wool,
charcoal, or other so called non-conductor of heat. We would state, however,
that ponderable substances are not nearly so good insulator as air. The use
of any of the so-called non-conductors of heat either with or without g, m, is
of our Invention, so also is the use of another aeriform insulator than air, and

page_text: any heating liquid or substance other than water. such as oil, or sand, or salt.
We however prefer the hot water and air herein described and the arrange-
ment of the apparatus shewn, although it will be obvious the form and
arrangement of the apparatus may be variously modified.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and particularized
the same, so that the advantages or benefits to be derived from its use in the
nursery, sick room, and elsewhere, are obvious. we would have it understood
that we claim as means for warming and keeping warm articles of food is.
apparatus constructed or arranged substantially as herein described and illus-
trated by the Drawings in combination with hot water or other hot liquid or
substance.
In witness whereot. we. the said Edward Bevan and Abel Fleming,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-second day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-six.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
EDWARD BEVAN. (L.S.)
ABEL FLEMING. (L.S.)

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