IM. PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF OBTAINING AND IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING HEAT TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, for the Invention of "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF OBTAINING AND IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING
HEAT TO STEAM BOILERS."
Scaled the 14th May 1869, and dated the 25th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by, the said Nicholas Demetrius
Spartali at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 25th November 1868.
I, MICHOLAS DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Steam Ship Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF OBTAINING AND IN APPARATUS
FOR APPLYING HEAT TO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to the economic and efficient application
of liquid hydrocarbon as a fuel for heating steam boilers whether marine,
stationary, or locomotive...

page_text: In adapting the Invention to marine boilers, as at present constructed,
I apply to the fire chamber or furnace a cylindrical, auxiliary, or supple-
mentary boiler with one or more longitudinal fire flues passing through it,
and I supply liquid fuel to the fire flues (in which it is ignited) to heat
the same in the following manner:-The liquid fuel is forced (in the form
of spray) into the fire flues by high-pressure steam or heated air admitted
to the feed pipe in rear of the mouth or discharging end. Air may also
be admitted direct to the fire flue to fan"the flame of the ignited fuel
and increase its intensity if required. This auxiliary boiler 1 connect
with the main boiler by pipes which will ensure a circulation of water
through the boilers, and the heat generated in the fire flues and not
expended therein passes through the flues of the main boiler to heat the
same. Between the auxiliary boiler and the main boiler I may have a
second discharge of liquid fuel to heat by its burning the part of the
main boiler forming the crown of the furnace. The steam or air acting
in rear of the liquid fuel forces it forward in the form of a fine vapoury
spray and commingles therewith to afford oxygen for combustion. Thus
when the fuel is ignited a regular and constant flame is maintained, the
degree of intensity of which admits of easy regulation. The auxiliary
boilers should be supplied (from a donkey boiler) with hot water to
facilitate the starting of the apparatus, and the feed pipe may be heated
by water or by a layer of ignited coal to volatilize the hydrocarbon.
In applying the Invention to locomotive engines I do away with the
fire-box and discharge the liquid fuel mingled with steam into flues
running through the boiler and dividing up the water space longi-
tudinally. The fuel may be lighted by a layer of incandescent coal. An
auxiliary boiler carried by the tender will be used to supply steam to the
fuel supply pipe.
In building new marine boilers I use a like arrangement instead of
fitting the fire chamber with an auxiliary boiler. In the case of
stationary boilers I may insert in the auxiliary boiler the liquid fuel,
where it will be volatilized by the heat of the surrounding water and
pass through the liquid air which will mingle with and carry up the
vapour to the combustion chamber or fire flues in the main boiler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION In pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said "Nicholas Demetrius Spartali in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 25th May 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NICHOLAS
DEMETRIUS SPARTALI, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Steam
Ship Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali,
Her special licence that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali; my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, my executors, administrators, and assigns;
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF OBTAINING AND IN
APPARATUS FOR APPLYING HEAT TO STEAM BOILERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that
is to say)
This Invention relates chiefly to the economic and efficient application
of liquid hydrocarbon as a fuel for heating steam boilers, whether marine,
stationary, or locomotive.

page_text: In adapting the Invention to marine boilers, as at present constructed,
I apply to the fire chamber or furnace a cylindrical, auxiliary, or supple-
mentary boiler with one or more longitudinal fire flues passing through
it, and I supply liquid fuel to the fire flues (in which it is ignited) to
heat the same in the following manner: The liquid fuel is forced (in
the form of spray) into the fire flues by high-pressure steam or heated
air admitted to the feed pipe in rear of the mouth or discharging end.
Air may also be admitted direct to the fire flue to fan the flame of the
ignited fuel and increase its intensity if required.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews in vertical longitudinal
section a marine boiler, fitted according to this part of my Invention,
and Fig. 2 is a partial front view of the same.
A, A, are the water spaces of the ordinary marine boiler, and B is
the fire chamber from which the fire-bars are removed to admit of a
cylindrical auxiliary boiler C, which occupies the ash-pit and a portion of
the fire chamber. This boiler C (shewn detached at Fig. 1*) is provided
with a central flue C', in which are laid lumps of fire-clay or other non-
combustible substance that will present incandescent surfaces to the
liquid fuel which is discharged into the auxiliary boiler and thus ensure
its complete ignition. This auxiliary boiler I connect with the main
boiler by pipes D, which will ensure a circulation of water through the
boilers, and the heat generated in the central flue and not expended
therein passes into and through the flues of the main boiler to heat the
same. The Drawing shews that between the auxiliary boiler and the
main boiler there is a second discharge of liquid fuel, which will heat
by its burning the part of the main boiler forming the crown of the
furnace. In this space also lumps of fire-clay or equivalent. incan-
descent substances are introduced for the purpose already indicated.
E, E, is an oil pipe leading from an elevated tank and fixed in front of
the boiler or range of boilers. From the horizontal portion of this pipe
depend smaller pipes e, e, e, which terminate in twyeres that project
through openings in the doors F, F. These pipes e, e, e, are fitted with
Into the twyers are
taps for regulating the discharge of oil therefrom.
admitted steam pipes f, f, which are in communication with the steam
space of the auxiliary boiler, and by this a jet of. steam is admitted into
the twyers, so that the oil will be impelled forward through the twyers
and discharged into the combustion chambers in the form of spray.
At Fig. 3 I have shewn in section, on an enlarged scale, one arrange-

page_text: ment of this liquid fuel distributor, but it admits of modification both as
respects construction and the relative position of the extremity of the
steam pipe to that of the twyers, the object being to ensure the proper,
mingling of the steam with the liquid fuel before it leaves the twyers.
The steam pipe fit will be seen is slightly tapered to give intensity to
the steam jet. At Fig. 4 I have shewn the oil pipe connected with and
leading into the steam pipe which, as before, is tapered at its extremity.
The steam in this as in the arrangement, Fig. 3, by acting in rear of the
liquid fuel will force it forward in the form of a fine vapory spray, and
by commingling therewith will afford oxygen for combustion.
of air will also enter if desired through openings in the doors F. It will
be readily understood that when the fuel is ignited a regular and
constant flame will be maintained, the degree of intensity of which will
admit of easy regulation. The auxiliary boilers can be supplied from a
donkey boiler with hot water to facilitate the starting of the apparatus.
Or the feed pipe might be heated by water or by a layer of ignited coal
or other means to volatilize the hydrocarbon oil at starting.
A current
In applying the Invention to locomotive engines I do away with the
fire-box, and discharge the liquid fuel mingled with steam into flues
running through the boiler and dividing up the water space longi-
tudinally. The fuel may be lighted by a layer of incandescent coal, and
a small auxiliary boiler carried by the tender may be used to supply
steam to the fuel supply pipe, if required.
In building new marine boilers I use a like arrangement instead of
fitting the fire chamber with an auxiliary boiler, as described with
reference to Fig. 1. Fig. 5 shews in partial longitudinal sectional
elevation, and Fig. 6 in transverse section, a marine boiler constructed
to burn liquid fuel according to my Invention. A bed H, H, formed
of fire-clay bricks or tiles is provided to receive the lumps of clay or
other incombustible substance that are to present an incandescent
surface to the liquid or vaporised fuel. I prefer to divide this bed
longitudinally by a wall H', which is perforated to admit air from below
to the combustion chamber. The arrangement for supplying the fuel is
shewn at E, e, and f, and will require no further explanation.
Fig. 7 shews in longitudinal section and Fig. 8 in cross section a
stationary boiler (which may however be employed as a marine boiler)
in which the burning of the vaporised fuel may be carried out in a
thoroughly efficient manner; This boiler it will be seen is a combi-

page_text: nation of a horizontal and a vertical boiler. In the central flue of the
horizontal portion a fire-clay bed H is fitted, and it is supported by
transverse water pipes I, which may extend upwards to the crown of the
boiler, as shewn at 1*. This bed I divide longitudinally by means of
the vertical walls H', and in the divisions thus made 1 place fire-clay
lumps or analogous substances against which the spray will impinge and
be there partially consumed, the remainder being carried forward by
the rapid flow of the steam over and through a hollow bridge H2 to the
combustion chamber K, which is formed in the vertical portion of the
boiler, the space being divided up by transverse water tubes L, L. By
allowing a regulated quantity of air to enter with the fuel and flow over
the bed H it will mingle with and carry up the vapor to the combustion
chamber K in the vertical portion of the boiler, and a complete com-
bustion of the fuel will be effected. The two divisions of the boiler are
each provided with a steam dome, and these domes are connected
together by a steam pipe to equalize the pressure of steam in the two
domes.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of improvements
in the mode of obtaining and in apparatus for applying heat to steam
boilers, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I
wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters
Patent I claim,-
First. Supplying liquid fuel to steam boiler furnaces in the form of
spray, in the manner and for the purpose above described.
Secondly. The construction and arrangement of apparatus above
described for applying heat to steam boilers.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Demetrius Spartali, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
N. D. SPARTALI. (L.S.)