IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT, FOR PAVING AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Salomon Heimann, late of Berlin in the Empire of
Germany and at present of 8 Quality Court Chancery Lane London, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT, FOR PAVING
AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES.'
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Salomon Heimann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1882.
SALOMON HEIMANN, late of Berlin in the Empire of Germany, and at present of
8 Quality Court, Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT
OF PEAT, FOR PAVING AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
"
This invention relates to improvements in the treatment of peat, in order to
adapt it to the manufacture of paving material and of various articles of Industry
and commerce.
By my method of utilising peat, moor which is otherwise of little or no value is
rendered useful and an entire new branch of industry is formed.
For making paving stones, drain pipes, railway sleepers, and similar articles, the
process is carried out in the following manner.
The peat is cut direct from the peat moor or bog and pressed, in order to partly
free it of water and thus reduce the expense of transport and facilitate the after
operation of drying.
The peat is then thoroughly dried in a suitable drying apparatus, ground in a
mill, and afterwards mixed with from 15 to 25 per cent of the refuse of aniline
works or with other analogous material.
In order to ensure the proper mixing of the peat with the refuse of aniline works,
which consists of a species of slag, the said refuse is melted in a boiler provided with
suitable mixing apparatus, and the requisite proportion of peat is supplied to the
same; the proportion of peat being regulated according to the quality of the same
and the articles intended to be produced.
The mixing is continued until a thoroughly homogeneous material is produced, and
then the mass is poured into moulds. In order to produce a greater solidity of the

page_text: stones they can be pressed until they are smooth on all sides, and the formation of
air holes or blisters is prevented.
In order to pave streets in a similar manner to that of asphalte, the boiling and
mixing is done in transportable boilers on the spot. After the mass is properly
mixed it is poured upon the roadway and (similar to asphalte) smoothed by means
of hot rollers, smoothing irons, or other suitable means.
When the peat is prepared in the manner herein before described, it becomes
stone hard, is uninjured by the weather, and impervious to water.
In order to prepare the peat for the manufacture of cigar and other boxes, the
inner and outer soles of boots and shoes, and for analogous purposes, the peat is, as
before, pressed and dried, and then either by itself or mixed with 10 per cent of
diluted silicate of potassa, it is compressed until the mass becomes so solid that its
volume is decreased by at least 25 per cent. The material produced in this manner
is very hard, and can be operated upon with saw and plane or other tools in a
similar manner to that in which wood is worked.
If the peat has not been mixed with silicate of potassa, the product after
compression can be hammered or stamped to the desired shape, and then coated or
impregnated with silicate of potassa.
By these means the peat acquires a degree of hardness similar to that of wood
so that locks and hinges can be fixed to the same. The surface can also be painted
or polished.
This material is specially adapted for the soles of boots and shoes, as it keeps
the feet warm and dry.
The peat thus prepared is also adapted for use as a substitute for paste board.
Articles manufactured from this material can be made much cheaper than when
manufactured from the ordinary materials hitherto used for similar purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Salomon Heimann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th March
1883.
SALOMON HEIMANN late of Hamburg in the Empire of Germany (in the
provisional erroneously put Berlin) and at present of 8 Quality Court, Chancery
Lane, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PEAT FOR PAVING AND
OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
•
This Invention relates to improvements in the treatment of peat, in order to
adapt it to the manufacture of paving material and various articles of industry and
commerce.
By my method of utilising peat moor which is otherwise of little or no value, it
is rendered useful and an entire new branch of industry is formed.
For making paving stones, drain pipes, railway sleepers, and similar articles, the
process is carried out in the following manner.
The peat is cut direct from the peat moor or bog and pressed in order to partly
free it of water and thus reduce the expense of transport and facilitate the after
operation of drying.
The peat is then thoroughly dried in a suitable drying apparatus, ground in in a
mill, and afterwards mixed with from 15 to 25 per cent of the refuse of aniline
works or with other analogous material.
In order to ensure the proper mixing of the peat with the refuse of aniline works,
which consists of a species of slag, the said refuse is melted in a boiler provided with
suitable mixing apparatus, and the requisite proportion of peat is supplied to the
same; the proportion of peat being regulated according to the quality of the same
and the articles intended to be produced.
The mixing is continued until a thoroughly homogeneous material is produced,
and then the mass is poured into moulds. In order to produce a greater solidity of
the stones they can be pressed until they are smooth on all sides and the formation
of air holes or blisters is prevented.
In order to pave streets in a similar manner to that of asphalte the boiling and
mixing is done in transportable boilers on the spot.
:
After the mass is properly mixed it is poured upon the roadway and, (similar to
asphalte) smoothed by means of hot rollers, smoothing irons or other suitable means.
When the peat is prepared in the manner hereinbefore described, it becomes stone
hard, is uninjured by the weather and impervious to water.
In order to prepare the peat for the manufacture of cigar and other boxes, the
inner and outer soles of boots and shoes, and for analogous purposes, the peat is, as
before, pressed and dried, and then either by itself, or mixed with 10 per cent of
diluted silicate of potassa, it is compressed until the mass becomes so solid that its
volume is decreased by at least 25 per cent.
The material produced in this manner is very hard, and can be operated upon
with saw and plane or other tools in a similar manner to that in which wood is
worked.
If the peat has not been mixed with silicate of potassa, the product after com-
pression can be hammered or stamped to the desired shape, and then coated or
impregnated with silicate of potassa.
By these means the peat acquires a degree of hardness similar to that of wood so
that locks and hinges can be fixed to the same.
The surface can also be painted or polished.
This material is specially adapted for the soles of boots and shoes as it keeps the
feet warm and dry.
The peat thus prepared is also adapted for use as a substitute for paste board.

page_text: Articles manufactured from this material can be made much cheaper than when
manufactured from the ordinary materials hitherto used for similar purposes.
Having now described my said invention for "Improvements in the treatment
of peat for paving and other analogous purposes "I wish it to be understood that
what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :-
.1-The process of preparing peat in order to render it capable for the manu-
facture of paving stones, railway sleepers, drain pipes and other industrial purposes
which said process consists in pressing drying and grinding the peat, then mixing
it in a heated condition with about 15 to 25 per cent of the slag of aniline works
or its equivalent then casting it in moulds and so that the said products can be
employed in a compressed or uncompressed state for the purposes above stated
substantially as and for the purpose set forth and described in the foregoing
specification.
2. The process of manufacturing artificial asphalte paving with the prepared
peat in combination with 15 to 25 per cent of the residues of aniline works
substantially as and for the purpose set forth and described in the foregoing
specification.
In witness whereof I the said Salomon Heimann have hereunto set my hand
and seal this fifth day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.