IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF GENERATING GASES AND CHEMICAL VAPOURS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTRACT WOOL, AND IN DESTROYING THE VEGETABLE MATERIAL IN MIXED FABRICS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS THEREFOR, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Martin, of Lower Mills, Dursley, in
the County of Gloucester, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF GENERATING GASES AND CHEMICAL
VAPOURS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTRACT WOOL, AND IN
DESTROYING THE VEGETABLE MATERIAL IN MIXED FABRICS, AND IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS THEREFOR, WHICH APPARATUS
IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Scaled the 16th November 1869, and dated the 19th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1869.
I, GEORGE MARTIN, of Lower Mills, Dursley, in the County of
Gloucester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF GENERATING GASES AND
CHEMICAL VAPOURS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EXTRACT WOOL, AND IN

page_text: DESTROYING THE VEGETABLE MATERIAL IN MIXED FABRICS, AND IN THE CON-
ETRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS, THEREFOR, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of machinery or apparatus
for preparing chemical compounds and generating gases and vapour
such as hydrochloric and sulphuric acid gases, the same being chiefly
applicable to the destruction of vegetable matter contained in mixed
fabrics. The apparatus is in the form of a cylinder and is placed either
vertically or horizontally, and of such dimensions as may be necessary
for the quantity of chemicals which it is designed to employ. The
cylinder may be made of any suitable material, but iron is preferred for
its construction, and is herein particularly referred to. Through the
centre of the cylinder is placed a spindle or shaft to which are attached
arms capable of being adjusted and carrying blades or scrapers, or the
arms themselves may be of such form as to act as scrapers. The length
of the arms and blades or scrapers is determined by the radius of the
interior of the cylinder in which they rotate. Suitable openings
(provided with valves or lids or covers) are made in the vessel for
charging it with the necessary chemicals, and for discharging the
residuum after the operation is effected, and for the exit of the gas or
vapour, the loss or escape of the chemical agents during the operation
being prevented by any of the well known contrivances for effcoting
that object. The cylinder is placed upon a furnace and subjected to
the heat radiated therefrom. A double flue is attached to or con-
nected with the stove, the same having suitable dampers to be used,
as herein-after mentioned. A slide or damper is used in the stove, and
so arranged as to shut off the fire from the cylinder when being charged,
the smoke and products of combustion passing away through the lower
part of the chimney.
The working of the apparatus and the mode of operation in carrying
out the objects of this Invention are as follows:-The chemicals required
for the production of the necessary gas or gases are placed in the vessel
through suitable openings, and the lids or covers with which the same
are provided securely fastened. The shaft carrying the arms and blades
or scrapers is caused, by means of any suitable motive power, to rotate
slowly for the purpose of mixing the chemicals, and for detaching and
scraping off the incrustation caused by the oxidation of the iron or metal
by the chemicals employed. The slide or damper, which has been

page_text: previously shut for charging, is drawn out, and the heat from the fire
allowed to impinge on the bottom of the vessel, the damper of the lower
chimney being at the same time closed and the upper one opened.
When necessary the exit valve is opened, and the gas or vapour which
has been generated is allowed to pass through a pipe from the vessel
on its way to effect the object of its employment. When the chemicals
have yielded such gas or vapour as is necessary, or that can be produced,
the exit valve, the damper or slide over the fire, and the damper in the
upper flue are closed, and the lower damper drawn out; the discharge
valve or hole is opened, and the residuum of the spent chemicals blown
or forced out by means of a jet of steam admitted at any convenient.
part of the cylinder. The waste chemicals or residuum are or is caused
to pass through suitable pipes into a reservoir or tank containing water,
for the purpose of preventing the escape of noxious vapours into the air.
The discharge valve is then closed, and the same process repeated as
may be desired. This apparatus is also applicable to the manufacture of
sulphate of soda and other chemicals.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Martin in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 19th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
MARTIN, of Lower Mills, Dursley, in the County of Gloucester,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Martin, Her special licence that
I, the said George Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said George Martin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might nake, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,

page_text: and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF
GENERATING GASES AND CHEMICAL VAPOURS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
EXTRACT WOOL, AND IN DESTROYING THE VEGETABLE MATERIAL IN MIXED FABRICS,
AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS THEREFOR, WHICH
APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Martin, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing, under my, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six 1
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Martin, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the 1
following statement, reference being had to the annexed Drawings, and
to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to the construction of machinery or
apparatus for preparing chemical compounds and generating gases
and vapours, such as hydrochloric and sulphuric acid gases, the same
being chiefly applicable to the destruction of vegetable matter contained
in mixed fabrics.
The main part of the apparatus is in the form of a cylinder, and is
placed either vertically or horizontally, and of such dimensions as
may be necessary for the quantity of chemicals which it is designed
to employ. The cylindrical vessel may be made of any suitable material,
but I prefer to construct it of iron, and that material is herein-after
particularly referred to. Through the centre of the cylinder is placed
a spindle or shaft to which are attached arms capable of being adjusted,
and carrying blades or scrapers, or the arms themselves may be of
such form as to act as scrapers. The length of the arms and blades
or scrapers is determined by the radius of the interior of the cylinder
in which they rotate. Suitable openings (provided with valves or
lids or covers) are made in the cylindrical vessel for charging it with
the necessary chemicals, and for discharging the residuum after the
operation is effected, and for the exit of the gas or vapour, the loss or
escape of the chemical agents during the operation being prevented
by any of the well known contrivances for effecting that object. The

page_text: cylinder is placed upon or over the furnace and subjected to the heat
radiated therefrom. A double fluc is attached to or connected with the
stove, the same having suitable dampers to be used as herein-after
mentioned. A slide or damper is used in the stove, and is so arranged
as to shut off the fire from the cylinder when the latter is being charged,
the smoke and products of combustion passing away through the lower
part of the chimney.
The workings of the apparatus and the mode of operation in carrying
out the objects of my said Invention are as follows:-The chemicals
required for the production of the necessary gas or gases are placed
in the vessel through suitable openings, and the lids or covers with
which the same are provided are securely fastened. The shaft which
carries the arms and blades or scrapers is caused by means of any
suitable motive power to rotate slowly for the purpose of mixing the
chemicals, and for detaching and scraping off the incrustation
caused by the oxidation of the iron or other metal by the chemicals
employed. The slide or damper, which has been previously shut for
charging, is drawn out, and the heat from the fire allowed to impinge
on the bottom of the cylindrical vessel, the damper of the lower
chimney being at the same time closed and the upper one opened.
When necessary the exit valve is opened, and the gas or vapour
which has been generated is allowed to pass through a pipe from
the cylindrical vessel on its way to effect the object of its employment.
When the chemicals have yielded such gas or vapour as is necessary,
or that can be produced, the exit valve, the slide or damper over the
fire, and the damper in the upper flue are closed, and the lower damper
drawn out, the discharge valve or hole is opened, and the residuum
of the spent chemicals blown or forced out by means of a jet of steam
admitted at any convenient part of the cylinder. The waste chemicals
or residuum arc or is caused to pass through similar pipes into a
reservoir or tank containing water, for the purpose of preventing the
escape of noxious vapours into the air. The discharge valve is then
closed, and the same process repeated as may be desired
I will now proceed to refer to the annexed Drawings, from which
the nature of my said Invention will be more clearly understood.
The same letters of reference in respective Figures refer to corresponding
parts of the apparatus.

page_text: Figure 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus; Figure 2 is a vertical
section through the liner, a, on Figure 1; A, A, is the cylinder or
chamber of the apparatus; B, B, B, is the spindle or shaft to which are
attached the arms C, C, carrying the blades c'; G and I are openings
for charging the apparatus with the necessary chemicals; K is the valve
through which the spent chemicals are blown into the pit by a steam jet
as before mentioned through the valve M; D is the stove or furnace
which carries the apparatus A, A; E', E", is the double fluc; F is a
slide or damper for shutting off the heat from the fire. The chemicals
requisite for the generation of the necessary gas or vapour are placed in
the vessel through the box G and funnel valve II, the solid substances
through the former and the liquid substances through the latter. The
cover on the box G is made tight and the valve H is closed. The shaft
carrying the arms and scrapers is then set in motion, thereby stirring up
the chemicals and preventing them from settling, and thus obtaining all
the gas or vapour that they are capable of yielding. The slide or
damper E is drawn out and the heat of the fire allowed to impinge
on the bottom of the vessel. The damper of the lower flue E" is closed
and the upper one E' is drawn open. When necessary the exit valvę J
is opened and the gas or vapour generated or being generated then
passes through the pipe J' on its way to effect the object of its em-
ployment, that is to say, the destruction of the vegetable matter in
mixed fabrics. When the chemicals have yielded such gas or vapour
as is necessary, or can be obtained therefrom, the exit valve J is closed,
the dampers E and E' are shut, the damper E" is drawn, and the dis-
charge valve K opened, the steam let in through the valve M, and the
residuum or spent chemicals is or are then blown through the pipe K'
into a pit which is filled with water. When the apparatus has been
thus cleaned the discharge valve is closed, and the same process for
another operation is repeated. The mud hole N is for cleaning or
inspecting the lower part of the apparatus. I should here observe that
this apparatus is also applicable to the manufacture of sulphate of soda
and other chemicals.
Tasi hus described and ascertained. the nature of

page_text: said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent are, the processes, and
combination, and arrangement of parts, and mechanism and apparatus,
substantially as and for the purposes hiercin-before described and set forth,
or any merc modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Martin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and nine.
GEORGE MARTIN. (L.S.)