matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Papin, Charles Lintz, and
Léon Lavacheric at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th May 1863.
We, JOSEPH PAPIN, Shoemaker, CHARLES LINTZ, and LEON LAVACHERIE, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in prolonging the ordinary upper leather of the boot
or shoe in such a manner as to form a sole, and make by itself a supporter for
the application of the other soles and for repairs.
Instead of using the small pieces of leather, which in the old system form
the filling up, we employ a single piece of good leather, which forms the sole,
and is inserted into and at the same level with the prolonged upper leather.
It is upon that sole formed by the prolonged upper leather and the filling piece
that the double sole and the last sole are sewed or nailed.
As an additional improvement we propose to insert, when desirable, between
the first sole and the double sole a thin sole of india-rubber, gutta percha,
cork, or any other suitable material, for the purpose of preventing dampness
from penetrating the shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS AND HARROWS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Lce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1863.
I, JESSE LEE, of Church Gate, in the Borough of Leicester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS AND
HARROWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming the handles and beams of ploughs of
wrought-iron gas tubing or piping, such as is at present commonly used by
gasfitters, the object being to lessen the weight of ploughs without lessening
the strength and durability thereof.
And as regards harrows, this Invention consists in forming same of gas
tubing arranged in four or more separate squares, each connected at the
centres of their inner sides by links, and in imparting to said squares a side
movement.
A NEW KIND OF CONICAL PACKING FOR TAPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Skinner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1863.
I, HENRY EDWARD SKINNER, of Shadwell, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW KIND OF CONICAL
PACKING FOR TAPS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention has reference to the manufacture and employment of a conical
pad or packing, formed of paper, leather, gutta percha, or other similar suitable
material for placing upon the spigot end of taps, to enable the same to be
secured more firmly within the cask, and thereby prevent any waste or leakage
whilst being tapped or otherwise, and consists in making the said packing in
the form of an elongated cone or tapered tube by wrapping or winding the
said materials round a mandrel of the required size and shape, and subse-
quently cementing or gluing the surfaces together so as to form the said conical
pad or packing, and thus admit of being readily applied to the tap without the
inconvenience of preparing the loose packing as at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1863.
I, ROBERT THOMPSON, of the Haigh Foundry, Wigan, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOULDING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable for moulding socket pipes to be
cast on end with the socket downwards, but it may be applied in moulding
other articles.
When my Invention is applied in moulding socket pipes of large dimensions
the core barrel is made in two parts, connected by a taper joint, the larger
diameter for the interior of the socket being attached to or cast with the body
of the truck usually employed for facilitating the transport of the mould into
and out of the drying stove. The moulding box is or may be made in two
parts; the lower portion containing the socket is connected to the truck and
to the plain portion for the body of the pipe by studs and pins. The larger
part of the core is made by means of a strickle board, and the remainder of
the core is made in the usual manner. In moulding the pipe the larger
portion of the pattern is fixed to a separate truck, and the sand is rammed into
the lower portion of the box. A short cylinder, as now customary, is employed
for moulding the remainder of the pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS, AND OTHER SUBMERGED SURFACES FROM OXIDATION OR FOULING BY INCRUSTATION, THE ATTACHMENT OF BARNACLES, THE ACTION OF ANIMALCULE, OR PROM ANY OTHER LIKE CAUSES OF INJURY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Revell Spicer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1863.
I, HENRY REVELL SPICER, of No. 3, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, in
the City of London, Ship Broker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING AND PRESERVING THE BOTTOMS AND
SIDES OF SHIPS, AND OTHER SUBMERGED SURFACES FROM OXIDATION OR FOULING BY
INCRUSTATION, THE ATTACHMENT OF BARNACLES, THE ACTION OF ANIMALCULE, OR
PROM ANY OTHER LIKE CAUSES OF INJURY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of glass, china, or porcelain to
such surfaces as may be exposed partially or entirely to the destructive effects
of oxydation or fouling by incrustation, or the attachment of carbuncles, the
action of animalculæ, or to any other like causes of injury. For the purposes
of my Invention I employ sheets, plates, or tiles of glass, china, or porcelain
of such size and thickness as may be most suitable to the surface to be
covered. The methods by which I attach the said sheets, plates, or tiles of
glass, china, or porcelain to the surfaces to be covered must necessarily vary
according to the material to be protected and preserved, and consist of the
use of cementing mediums, such as red lead, putty, bituminous or resinous
cements, or mechanical means, such as screws, nails, or pegs, formed partly or
entirely of metal, or glass, or the employment of flanges, dogs, or clips formed
by the configuration of the said sheets, plates, or tiles.

page_text: Among other advantages resulting from the adoption of my Invention as
applied to ships is the increase of speed obtained by the very great reduction
of the friction.
Claim. I claim as my Invention the employment of glass, china, or
porcelain for the protection and preservation of ships' sides and bottoms, and
all other submerged surfaces from oxydation, incrustation, or other injurious
effects from any other like causes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RENDERING HAIR WAVY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Thomas at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1863.
I, RICHARD THOMAS, of No..70, Berners Street, Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RENDERING HAIR WAVY," to be as follows :―
My Invention has for its object to impart to hair a "wavy" appearance;
it consists in constructing for that purpose an apparatus so arranged that the
hair to be acted upon is nipped or firmly held between two smooth corrugated
or undulated surfaces of peculiar formation, to be hereafter described, the
projections of one of which surfaces fit into the recesses of the other, and on
being applied to the hair in a heated state impart to it their corrugated or
undulated form.
The manner in which I prefer to construct this apparatus is as follows:-I
form two flat hollow metal casings, one side of each of which has a corrugated
or undulated form imparted to it. The corrugated surfaces are, by prefer-
ence, made of such a form, that when fitted the one into the other, the
extremities of the projecting portions of the one touch upon the bottom of
the grooves of the other, whilst at the sides of the corrugations small spaces
intervene between the two surfaces, by which arrangement the slipping of the
hair between the same is greatly facilitated as the two casings are pressed
together, and by which also the hair is most effectually nipped so as to take
the form of the corrugations. Each casing is closed in a water-tight manner,

page_text: and has, by preference, two openings closed by means of screw caps, or in
any other suitable manner, through one of which openings the said casings are
filled with hot water or sand so as to maintain the corrugated surfaces at the
requisite temperature whilst they are being used, the other openings serving
to allow the air to escape as the casings are being filled. The two casings
are hinged together on one side, by preference, in an elastic manner so as to
admit of different thicknesses of hair being held between them, and they may
be fastened together on the opposite side also, by preference, in an elastic
Instead of constructing the casings to receive hot water or sand, I
sometimes arrange one side of the same to open, so that a heated piece of
metal may be inserted into them; or I arrange the casings to receive small
gas jets inside them, and I form the backs or sides of the same with perfo-
rations to admit the requisite air.
Instead of forming hollow casings, I sometimes employ solid blocks of
metal corrugated as described, which are heated to the requisite degree
previous to being used; or I employ blocks of wood, the corrugated surfaces
of which are covered with metal; or I employ blocks of wood without such
metal covering on the corrugated surfaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DARO ME TABLING OF THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Maun Burns, of Chorlton-upon-Medlock,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DARO ME TABLING OF THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS AND VESSELS,
Scaled the 10th November 1868, and dated the 16th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Maun Burns, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th May 1863.
I, FREDERICK MAUN BURNS, of Chorlton-upon-Medlock, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREVENTING THE FOULING OF THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS AND
VESSELS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO SHIPS AND VESSELS CONSTRUCTED OF OR
SHEATHED WITH IRON," to be as follows:-
I have a tank or receptacle for oil or other oleaginous substance fitted in
any convenient part of the vessel, or if iron masts be used their interiors can
be made available for containing the oil or oleaginous substances. From
this tank or receptacle a pipe or pipes lead to pipes or channels on each side
of the keel, or at each side of the cutwater, or otherwise, such channels or
pipes being perforated with numerous small apertures, through which aper-

page_text: tures the oil shall oozo out, and thence ascend and keep the sides and bottom
well greased, which will effectually prevent the adhesion of barnacles and
other marine animals and plants.
Before leaving the dry dock I propose to oil or grease the sides and bottom
of the vessel, in order to prepare the samo to cause the oil or oleaginous sub- 5
stance the more readily to adhere to the sides and bottom of the vessel.
When applied to wooden ships iron sheathing could be used with the
arrangements above described, thereby obviating the necessity of using copper
or other expensive sheathing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, TRAMWAYS, OR ON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Rolfe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1863.
I, ALFRED ROLFE, of Amwell Street, Pentonville, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS,
TRAMWAYS, OR ON COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus for
propelling or drawing carriages on railways, tramways, or ordinary roads,
whereby the inconvenience of steam and the products of combustion of fuel
may be avoided, especially when working or propelling carriages in tunnels or
underground railways; and for the purpose of carrying out my Invention, I
arrange on a carriage suitably constructed for the purpose a wheel or wheels
of proper size, which are mounted on bearings, by preference, having the
least amount of friction possible, and are actuated (by preference) by men
working the handles or cranks attached to these wheels (though steam or air
engines, or other means may be employed for this purpose). These fly
wheels are connected by means of endless bands or straps with a series of one
or more wheels suitably mounted on the framing carrying the fly wheel or
wheels, and are finally connected (by means of fast and loose pulleys on the
axle) with the wheels running on the road, and to which the power is thereby
imparted.

page_text: In working the apparatus, when the time arrives for stopping the train or
carriages, the strap connected with the driving wheel is shifted on to a loose
pulley from the pulley which actuates these wheels, and when there, instead
of the men or other power working the levers stopping the fly wheel, they
continue it at work, and the power so obtained is accumulated by the fly
wheel until required when starting the train, when on the strap being shifted
to the fast pulley, the carriage will be at once propelled forward. When
required to stop the carriage or carriages, breaks are applied in the ordinary
manner, or they may be so adapted as to cause the power wasted in the act of
breaking" to be transmitted by suitable gearing to the fly wheel or wheels.
When required to reverse the carriage the fly wheels may be stopped and
reversed by working them backwards, or the fly wheels may be continued in
the same direction, and the motion may be reversed by having crossed straps
working on fast and loose pulleys, so that the pulleys work different ways on
the straps being shifted, as is well understood. I prefer to form the pulleys
over which the endless straps or bands pass with several concentric grooves
of different diameters with inclined grooves to conduct the straps or bands
from one groove to another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wickens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1863. A communication from abroad by Richard Lamb Allen, of the
City of New York, in the County and State of New York, in the United
States of America.
I, HENRY WICKENS, of No. 4, Tokenhouse Yard, Bank, in the City of
London, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The cutting apparatus of the machine is constructed and arranged to be
worked on either side of the machine, and either in front or rear of the
wheels, and the draught rod is arranged that the line of draught may be taken
from the inside shoe or from its immediate vicinity, and by my improvements
the folding finger bar is sustained in the folded position while the machine is
in motion from one place to another, and the gearing which drives the cutting
apparatus is closed in for exclusion of dust and dirt, and I have an adjustable
track board for disposing or controlling of the cut grass, and a means of
turning the finger bar on its longitudinal axis, so as to elevate or depress the
points of the guard fingers, which are constructed in a particular form at
pleasure, without changing the relations of the bearings to each other at the
two ends of the connecting rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOCKS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
January 1868. A communication from Tony Pocachard, Gentleman,
residing at 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CLOCKS," (a communication), to be follows:-
This Invention consists in regulating the working of clocks by means of the
oscillations of a spiral spring with a circular balance wheel, instead of an ordinary
pendulum.
The two Figures of the annexed Drawing represent front and side views of
the parts which are the subjects of these improvements with their accessaries.
In these two Figures the same letters of reference indicate similar parts.
A is the circular balance wheel; B is the spiral spring, which is fastened to
the balance wheel; C is the escapement wheel; D is a pinion which transmits
to the escapement wheel the movement of the barrel of the clock. E, E, are
escapement pallets, which catch alternately in the teeth of the wheel C; F is
a rack attached to the pallet arbor E, E, carrying underneath it the arc of
a circle G, which is toothed and which catches in the pinion H, the arbor

page_text: of which supports the balance wheel A. I is the support of the opposite
end of the arbor to that which carries the balance wheel A. The isochronal
oscillations derived from the elasticity of the spiral spring fastened to the
balance wheel regulate the working of the clock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN THE WICKS USED IN SUCH LAMPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Joseph Guichard and Germain
François Joseph Lefebvre at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th July 1868.
We, LOUIS JOSEPH GUICHARD and GERMAIN FRANÇOIS JOSEPH LEFEBVRE, of
10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN THE WICKS
USED IN SUCH LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in preparing the wick, made of cotton or any
textile substance, of two parts, one is unwove or fringe-like, and being im-
mersed into the combustible liquid, causes it by its capillary action to ascend
to the wove part, which is the real wick. The wick so made with a single
fringe serves for the burning of the less epurated oils, and the wick having
double fringe has the advantage of burning more economically the lighter sorts
of oils.
Secondly, in contracting the two sides of the burner to make it narrower in
that part where the flame begins for the purpose of facilitating the introduction
of oil to that part of the wick which is burning.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN LANTERNS, AND LAMPS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Proger at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1863.
I, WILLIAM PROGER, of George Street, in the County of Middlesex, Tin
Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN LANTERNS, AND LAMPS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
I construct the lamps for lanterns so that they shall each fit into an orifice
at the bottom of each thereof, the outside cases of such lamps having bent
springs, by which the said lamps can be secured to a rim by the action of the
said springs, and can be instantaneously removed by pressing the pendant
portions of these springs. The upper parts of the lanterns have moveable
tops, secured by bayonet joints, or otherwise, and moveable annular plates
which cover the tops of the glasses of the latterns (which are moveable also),.
being secured in position when in use by spring pieces attached to fixed.
annular plates secured to the tops of the frames or grooves for the glasses..
Upright wires or rods can be used to strengthen the body of the lantern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS OR RIVETS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Satchwell, William Henry
Ashford, and Cornelius Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th May 1863.
We, JOHN SATCHWELL, WILLIAM HENRY ASHFORD, and CORNELIUS ПARRISON,
all of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Factors, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NAILS OR RIVETS FOR
BOOTS AND SHOES, APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in making from a round piece of wire a rivet with
a raised head and threaded shank. Though applicable for other purposes, we
design them as especially useful in the manufacture of boots and shoes, the
soles and heels of which have hitherto been first united by means of nails with
a flat or countersunk head, and rivets have been afterwards driven in. Now,
by our Invention we construct such a nail or rivet as above described as to
combine the two, so as to render one operation only needful where formerly two
were necessary. The nails or rivets may be made of any kind of wire, whether
iron, brass, copper, zinc, or any other metal or alloy of such metals, and may
of course be manufactured of any length and thickness required. The raised
head is generally made of a spherical form, but it may also be constructed
square, oblong, or of any other desired shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Esau Rowing at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1863.
I, ESAU ROWING, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES AND BOILERS," to be as follows:-
In carrying out this Invention I employ a double piston valve, the two
pistons being mounted on one valve rod, and the steam admitted between
them, so as to act equally upon both. Each piston valve works in a cylindrical
casing, in which, opposite to each induction port of the cylinder is an annular
recess, so that a very slight motion of the piston valve uncovers a sufficient area
to admit steam to the whole cylinder at once. The valve rod is jointed to a
link having a pin at the other end working in a slot in a lever capable of
vibrating on a fixed centre. The connecting rod from the excentric is also
provided with a pin working in the same slot, so that the motion of the
excentric is communicated through the connecting rod, slotted lever, and link
to the double piston valve. The "governor" of the engine is placed over the
excentric rod, and the sliding boss of the former is connected to the latter by
a link or links, so that as the balls of the "governor" expand the excentric
rod is raised, causing its pin to rise in the slot of the lever and communicate
a decreased motion to the piston valve, and vice versâ, and by this means a
variable expansion motion is obtained. I make the piston hollow, and nearly
half the length of the steam cylinder, and I place the exhaust port midway in

page_text: the cylinder, so that the piston itself acts as the exhaust valve, opening and
closing the exhaust port as it passes the centre of the cylinder. I construct
the boiler of two longitudinal tubes placed at a convenient distance apart in
the same horizontal plane, and connected together by a series of smaller
transverse tubes. A second series of small tubes project downwards from
each of the main tubes in a vertical direction along the whole length of the
latter. These vertical tubes are provided with inner tubes, so as to separate
the currents of steam and water. The sides of the fire-place immediately
outside the vertical tubes, and the top of the same above the transverse tubes,
throughout the whole length of the boiler are enclosed by fire-brick walls and
ceiling, and outside the same is an air space, by means of which air is admitted
from the smoke box end of the boiler, and absorbing the heat radiated from
the fire-brick passes in a heated state to an enclosed ash-pit beneath the
furnace. Arranged longitudinally above the boiler is a feed water tank, kept
at a constant level, by means of a pump, and into this tank above the surface
of the water the exhaust steam from the cylinder passes, thus heating the feed.
water before its admission to the boiler. The working parts of the engine are
fixed on the top of this feed water tank.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smalley Grimshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1868.
I, JOHN SMALLEY GRIMSHAW, of Huncoat, near Accrington, in the County
of Lancaster, Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
I give the roller, technically called the "licker-in," a differential speed so
that it will travel a greater space in a given time than the cylinder, by which
I gain an economy in time, by producing an increase of work more than can
be done by the ordinary method, and also an improved quality. The propor-
tion of the speed of the "licker-in" is about five and a third to one revolution
the cylinder.
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY CHAIR AND JOINT FOR RAILS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Askew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th January
1863.
I, CHARLES ASKEW, of Charles Street, Hampstead Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED RAILWAY CHAIR AND JOINT FOR RAILS ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
The chair is constructed in two parts, and each has a head similar to the
jaw of a vice, to fit the rail. One of such parts has a sliding groove similar
to the slide of a slide rest of a lathe, and the other has a sliding piece to fit
and slide in such groove. When a single or double headed rail is placed
between the jaws of the chair, it is secured in the required position by means
of one or more bolts passed through one or more holes through the two parts
of the chair, and, if desired, through the rail also for that purpose, and
screwed up securely by means of one or more screw nuts.
The ends of two rails may be held as securely together by means of my
Invention as they would by the use of what is known as the fish joint.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harrison and Benjamin
Croasdale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd January 1863.
We, WILLIAM HARRISON, of the Firm of Messrs. J. Harrison and Sons,
of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, and BENJAMIN
CROASDALE, of Wilton, near Blackburn, aforesaid, Overlooker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
In per-
Our Invention consists, first, in an improved shedding motion.
forming this part of our Invention the shedding levers are placed above or in
front of the tappet shaft; the eccentrics or tappets acting on these levers give
the requisite up-and-down motion to the heddles for forming the shed. The
fulcrum of the shedding levers is adjustable to vary the opening of the shed,
or the length of the levers can be varied.
The second part of our Invention consists in an improved arrangement of
mechanism applicable to an ordinary twill loom, whereby such a loom may be
employed for weaving linoes or gauze. In performing this part of our Inven-
tion we employ four heddles through which the warps are drawn, so that the
alternate warp threads are crossed when weaving; we also employ two roller
shafts, the rollers on the upper one being connected to two of the heddles by
elastic bands or springs; we also employ a rocking vibrator acted upon by &
tappet on the tappet shaft for slackening a portion of the warp after every two
or four picks, or when the crossing takes place. The number of heddles may
in some cases be varied.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRESERVING CARPETS FROM THE EFFECT OF DUST
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by M Veuve Leon de Wailly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
4th June 1863.
I, M** VEUVE LEON DE WAILLY, of Paris, in the Empire of France (without
profession), do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF PRESERVING CARPETS FROM THE EFFECT OF DUST," to be as
follows:-
It is very usual to protect certain parts of a carpeted room from wear, say
the passage from one door to another, beneath the table most generally used
and in front of the fire-place, by placing over the large carpet strips of other
carpet or drugget; but as the texture of the superposed carpet permits the
dust to pass through it on to the carpet beneath, and as this dust consists in a
great measure of gritty particles, the passage of feet over the strips causes
a friction which frays and cuts the under carpet. To obviate this result
I propose taking paper coated on one or both sides with tar or other
analogous material, lining it with some cheap textile fabric, such as canvas,
and to sew or otherwise fasten this material beneath the superposed carpet in
large or small strips of any form slightly overlapping each other. It follows
that the dust passing through the upper strip of carpet will be collected on the
material (tar paper and a textile fabric) placed beneath, which is removed
with the strip of carpet of which it forms part, and on slightly shaking which
all dust is got rid of. By this means no dust ever reaches the carpet covering

page_text: the room; and in order that the parts usually covered may not appear too
brilliant when contrasted with those left unprotected, it will be advisable to
remove the strips from time to time when little wear is anticipated. This of
course does not apply where an inferior carpet covers the entire room to
protect a more valuable one, in which case my Invention will be found very 5
useful.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EVAPORATING AND COOLING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Garton and Thomas Hill
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
5th August 1863.
We, CHARLES GARTON, of the City and County of Bristol, Brewer, and
THOMAS HILL, of the Town and County of the Town of Southampton, Sugar
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN EVAPORATING AND COOLING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of water, the temperature of
which wo regulate and maintain at any degree required, and cause it to
circulate in pipes or chambers in a trough, the top of which forms the bottom
of the vessel containing the matter to be evaporated; in the employment, in the
vessel containing such matter, of an agitator or stirrer, which we prefer to be
in the form of a wheel with paddles made to travel to and fro in the vessel;
in covering such vessel, and in drawing off, through one or more apertures in
the cover, the vapours and gases evaporated from the matter under treatment,
by fans, steam jets, or otherwise. In some cases wo aid the evaporation by
the introduction of hot air above the surface of the matter to be evaporated,
or we introduce pipes for containing a heating medium above such surface.
For cooling we substitute for the heating medium a cooling or freezing
medium, and in some cases dispenso with the agitator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
. July 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD JONES, of 22, Willington Road, Clapham, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of thé Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the permanent way of railways,
and consists in making metal sleepers with a spindle or shank for the purpose
of securely fixing the sleeper to the ground. The spindle or shank is by
preference provided with a broad screw, somewhat in the manner of a screw
pile, and in such case facility is thereby obtained for adjusting the level of the
rails. The sleeper is by preference provided with a circular groove or channel
to receive the heads of screw bolts which secure the chair to the sleeper, and
when it is desired to adjust the level of a rail these screw bolts are slackened
and the sleeper with the screw shank or spindle is turned in the required direction
until the desired adjustment is obtained, when the bolts are screwed up and
the rail is ready for traffic. Sometimes instead of employing a circular groove
or channel a number of bolt holes are provided, so that the desired adjust-
ment may be obtained by turning the sleeper and screw shank or spindle to
the required extent and then passing the bolts through those holes which are
then opposite the holes in the chair, or the chair.may be secured to the sleeper
by a central pin or otherwise in order that the sleeper may be capable of
turning independently of the chair. The spindle or shank may be made

page_text: separate from the sleeper and secured thereto by rivetting or other suitable
means, or the spindle or shank may be made to turn independently of the
sleeper. When laying rails according to the Invention upon a foundation of
wood the screw shank or spindle to the chair or sleeper will be of a smaller
size and somewhat of the character of an ordinary wood screw. The spindle
or shank may however in some cases be.. formed without a screw, and would
then simply require to be driven into the ground. This form of sleeper and
shank or spindle is more particularly applicable to temporary railroads, or it
may be employed in such cases where the soil would offer sufficient support
without the necessity of a screw to the spindle or shank. The chairs in some
cases may be cast in one piece with the sleepers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hutchinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1863.
.I, WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the application of certain apparatus between
two cylinders, whereby motion may be communicated to an intermediate crank
while at the same time a parallel motion is secured for the rods of the two
pistons. This apparatus consists of a fixed wheel with internal teeth, in gear
with which is a pinion carried by the crank. To this pinion the piston rod is
connected, and as the said pinion rolls around the internal teeth the required
parallel motion will be obtained, the cylinders above mentioned may both be
steam cylinders, or one of them may be an air pump, or force or lifting pump.
Secondly, my Invention consists in certain methods of constructing the above
described parallel motion.
Firstly, I construct the cylinder cover or covers in or with the part which
carries the internal wheel and crank pedestal, and also with a foundation plate;
secondly, I form a flange upon the pinion, and cast the crank pin thereon;
thirdly, I form the central crank pin conical, with the smaller part of the
journal next to the crank; fourthly, I make the mounting cap of the piston
rod with a double adjustment for the purpose of applying it to two steam
or other cylinders; fifthly, I make the steps of the centre crank pin in two
parts bored conical; sixthly, I construct the central stationary wheel with a

page_text: loose cap provided with snugs, by which it may be prevented from revolving,
but I also hold it in its place by screws, which may be turned at pleasure in
order to shift the wheel at times through a short distance for the purpose of
compensating for wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PREPARING NIGHT-SOIL AND SEWAGE WITH OTHER MATERIALS AS A MANURE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1863.
I, HENRY MARTIN, of Surrey Square, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, Land Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING AND PREPARING NIGHT-SOIL AND SEWAGE WITH
OTHER MATERIALS AS A MANURE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of charred tan, charred hop
bines, charred bean stalks, and other vegetable material for deodorizing and
solidifying sewage, night-soil, and other offensive matters, and converting the
same into manure. Night-soil I use in about equal proportions with the
charred materials above mentioned, while solid matters of the sewage take up
about a like proportion, the water separating and passing away clear.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING THE CONTENTS OF MASH TUNS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Gretton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
.1863.
I, FREDERICK GRETTON, of Burton-upon-Trent, in the County of Stafford,
Brewer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING THE CONTENTS OF MASH TUNS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combined employment of coils of pipes or
heating cases both at the lower part or bottom of the tun, and at or near the
top surface of the wort or liquor contained in the tun, the surface pipes or
heating cases being made to float by being connected to buoys or air vessels.
I fit flexible pipes to the surface heaters to enable them to rise and fall with
the contents of the tun, and I pass steam, hot water, or hot air through the
pipes and heating cases.
My Invention also consists in heating the contents of mash tuns by means
of pipes or cases made to float at or about the surface thereof, and supplied
with steam, hot water, or hot air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Heywood Whitehead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1863.
I, JAMES HEYWOOD WHITEHEAD, of the Royal George Mills, near Man-
chester, Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTED FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of felted
fabrics wherein wool, fur, or hair form the principal component parts. For
this purpose I fix to the carding engine now in general use a folding machine-
such as is described in the Specification of a Patent granted to James Ferrabee,
6th of June 1859, (No. 1383), the sliver is by this apparatus deposited in
folds on an endless cloth in such manner that the folds run crosswise the
length of the cloth, the rollers of the folding apparatus being for this purpose
made to travel to and fro at right angles with the direction in which the
endless cloth travels; the endless cloth is carried forward between the rollers of
a hardening or felting machine, which impart to it a slow revolving motion so
that the bat is carried forward from the folder directly to the hardening machine
without moving it, thus making the hardening machine a continuation of the
folder..
The next part of my Invention consists in an improvement on the roller
hardener or felting apparatus described in the Specification of a Patent granted
to Thomas Robinson Williams, on the 14th day of February 1840, (No. 8887),

page_text: which consisted of a series of rollers revolving slowly on their axes, the upper
rollers having in addition a quick vibratory motion communicated to them
in the direction of their length. .
Now in addition to giving to the upper rollers. this vibratory motion in the
direction of their length, I, according to my Invention, give to both the upper
and lower rollers a quick oscillating movement upon their axes, at the same
time causing them to revolve slowly in one direction, which motion is commu-
nicated to the endless bat cloth which receives the sliver from the folder. The
additional oscillating motion before described gives very much greater felting
power to the machine which may also be further increased by making the
latter portion of the upper rollers of cast iron, thereby giving greater solidity
to the felted cloth. After a bat or sliver has been acted on by a machine such
as above described, the cloth produced may, if desired, be further felted by the
common fullers' stocks, or the roller fulling machine, or it may be passed
through a machine constructed like a driver or pusher, such as was formerly
in use for scouring woollen woven cloths and working them straight after
fulling in the stocks. The two feet are suspended from above and nearly
touch the bottom. of the trough which is shaped somewhat like the common
fulling stock now used. The feet are pushed forward by two connecting rods
working in cranks on a shaft on which I fix a heavy fly wheel and a pair of
pulleys to drive it by a strap, or it may be driven in any other manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING GRAIN AND SEEDS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY AND MATERIALS USED IN DECORTICATING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1863. A communication from abroad by Jules Lemoine and Louis
Joseph Maximilien Chollet, of 33, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris,
France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DECORTICATING GRAIN AND SEEDS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF THE PRODUCTS
OBTAINED BY AND MATERIALS USED IN DECORTICATING," communicated to me
from abroad by Jules Lemoine and Louis Joseph Maximilien Chollet, of 33,
Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of this Invention is the decortication of grain
and seeds by chemical means. Many sorts of grain, and especially cereals,
contain an episperm, an epicarp, and an endocarp; others as rice and barley,
also contain a husk or boll. Now according to this Invention decortication is
effected by means of concentrated acids and concentrated caustic alkalies, but
the agent especially recommended for the purpose is sulphuric acid of a
strength of from twenty to forty degrees Baumé, preferring about thirty-five
degrees Baumé. By these means the episperm, with or without the husk or
boll, is separated without being carbonized, and without injury to the epicarp
and endocarp, and after being well washed it, with or without the husk or boll,
may be received and collected in a fibrous condition on cloths or other receivers,
and used in the manufacture of paper. For wheat, barley, rice, and other

page_text: cereals, fifteen to twenty per cent. acid, at thirty-five degrees, employed under
gentle heat, is recommended. "The acid solutions or spent liquors after having
been used may be washed and restored to their previous strength, say, about
thirty-five degrees, by adding acid of a strength of about sixty-six degrees
Baumé. The liquors used in the decorticating process may be applied in the
manufacture of the sulphates of iron and zinc, especially with the residua from
the castings of iron and zinc. The said liquors may also be applied in the
manufacture of artificial mineral waters with carbonate of lime or delomite ;
grains and seeds, decorticated before germination, may be applied for the
manufacture of beer; glucose, and alcohol.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR STOP-COCK APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1863. A communication from abroad by François Jean Cantagrel, of
29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Civil Engineer.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR STOP-COCK APPARATUS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved cock or tap requiring neither key,
stuffing box, nor spring, working without friction, and entirely preventing the
concussion produced by suddenly cutting off the escape of fluid under pressure
in a pipe by its peculiar construction. This improved tap, which is applicable
for all kinds of fluids (liquids, vapours, or gases), is formed of a horizontal tube
for the inlet of the fluid terminating in a cylindrical vertical chamber, in which
is screwed the escape pipe whose upper end forms a seat, on which rests a disc
which rises and falls in the cylindrical chamber. The disc is placed at the
upper end of the rod forming part of a case enclosing the exit pipe, and rises and
falls with said case, at the lower end of which is the escape orifice of the tap.
This case, which falls by the pressure of the water acting so as to force the disc
against its seat, is actuated either by hand or by a lever placed above the cylin-
drical chamber, which raises two forked pieces, and with them the case by means
of an endless screw also placed above the cylindrical chamber, and raising a

page_text: collar to which are attached the two forks above mentioned. The endless
screw supports the case in all its downward movements, and closes the tap
with a regular movement and at a speed proportionate to the pitch of the screw,
and so obviates the concussion produced by suddenly closing the tap. When
this tap is closed by means of a lever, the weight of which is added to that
of the case, the cut-off will be effected suddenly, and so produces concussion
without the use of the arrangement above described, and which consists
in the application of a horizontal diaphragm separating the lower part
of the tube or inlet channel from the upper part, which is enlarged so
as to form an air chamber. The diaphragm extends nearly to the point for
producing the cut-off, where it forms a kind of throttle valve. By this
arrangement the tap will present two points of escape for the liquid, viz., that
at which the cut-off is effected, and where the throttling in question takes
place; from this point the liquid whon the disc is raised flows into the exit tubo
and into the casing, the section of which is regulated as well for the passage of
the liquid as for that of air from the exterior, which is constantly supplied by
the action of the tap itself to the chamber in question.
IMPROVED MEANS OF IMPARTING HEAT TO FLUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1863.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the County of Carnarvon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF IMPARTING HEAT TO FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the raising of steam in
steam boilers. This I propose to effect by partially filling the water space
with a good heat-conducting material, such as solid or hollow pieces of iron of
various shapes, which when thrown into a steam boiler will so arrange them-
selves as to form a kind of porous filling that will not interfere with the
circulation of the water, but will occupy a considerable portion of the water
space. By means of this metallic filling which will lie in contact with the
boiler plates and pipes subjected to the fire of the furnace, heat will be rapidly
absorbed into the interior of the boiler, and by reason of the large metallic
surface which it will expose to the water, it will effect the rapid transmission
of heat to the water, and thereby facilitate the conversion of the water into
steam.