IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR WORKING IN ROCK, STONE. OR EARTH
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Bernard Doering. of Victoria Street,
in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer, and Robert Harkness
Twigg, of East India Avenue, in the City
the City of London, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
BORING OR WORKING IN ROCK, STONE. OR EARTH."
Sealed the 15th December 1868, and dated the 19th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Bernard
Doering and Robert Harkness Twigg at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th June 1868.
We, FREDERICK BERNARD DOERING, of Victoria Street, in the City
of Westminster. Civil Engineer. and ROBERT
ROBERT HARKNESS TWIGG, of
East India Avenue, in the City of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR BORING OR WORKING IN ROCK, STONE, OR EARTH," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of this Invention is to dispense with the
valve for regulating the admission and distribution of compressed air
or other motive fluid to the cylinders of engines for boring or working
in rock, stone, or earth.
The manner in which this part of the Invention may be carried into
effect is as follows:-We employ in the cylinder four pistons on the
same rod; these pistons forming between them three chambers. A
[Price 8d.]

page_text: constant supply to the central chamber is kept up through a port
communicating with the main supply.
A passage leads from the back
central chamber when the pistons
Another passage leads from the
part of the cylinders and opens into the
are at the back part of their stroke.
front part of the cylinder and opens into the central chamber when the
pistons are at the front part of their stroke. The front chamber
communicates with the outside of the cylinder by a passage through
the piston rod; and the back chamber communicates with the front
chamber through the connection of the pistons or otherwise. Supposing
the pistons to be at the end of their back stroke the motive fluid enters
by the back passage behind the back piston and produces the forward
stroke of the pistons; in this stroke the front of the cylinder exhausts
through the front passage into the front chamber and thence through
the passage in the piston rod. At the termination of the forward stroke
the central chamber communicates with the front passage and thus
supplies the motive fluid at the front of the cylinder to produce the
back stroke: in this stroke the back of the cylinder exhausts through
the front passage into the back chamber. thence through the piston rod.
For the efficient working of the engine it is desirable that the openings
from the central chamber into the two passages communicating with
the back and front of the cylinder respectively should be of more than
ordinary length in order to allow time for the motive fluid to act and
to exhaust; also that these passages should be wiredrawn or throttled
in some portion of their length to prevent a too early action of the motive
fluid during the stroke. Engines constructed as before described without
a valve are particularly adapted for sinking holes of small diameter
when it is required that the engine should descend into the hole.
The second part of the Invention consists in apparatus and appliances
to be used in connection with boring engines when they are required
to descend into a hole. This part of our Invention consists, first, in
enclosing the engine in a cylindrical casing, the outer diameter of which
is equal to or somewhat less than the diameter of the hole to be bored.
The rod carrying the piston and tool works through a stuffing box in
the bottom of the casing. Three pipes are carried down into the casing,
one for supplying the engine, another for raising any water which may
settle in the bottom of the casing, and the third, which passes through
the bottom of the casing, for raising water and debris from the bottom
of the hole. Some of these pipes may be dispensed with if not required,
or additional pipes may be employed if found necessary.
This part

page_text: of our Invention consists, secondly, in means of lowering the engine as
the work proceeds, and of adjusting the angle of the engine. For feeding
or moving the engine we employ a threaded shaft, hollow or solid, above
the engine and working through a nut, which can be opened in order
to allow of the shaft being raised quickly when required. We form a
port in the engine cylinder, which is provided with a whistle so that
when the tool has penetrated a certain depth the whistle is sounded
and the attendant is made acquainted that another feed of the engine
is required. By then turning the nut by suitable gearing the shaft is
lowered together with the engine. We prefer to interpose a cylinder
or pipe between the threaded shaft and the engine or engine casing, and
when the engine has cut to a certain depth we raise the, shaft and
interpose another cylinder, which we bolt to the first and so on as the
work proceeds; we are thus not compelled to employ a threaded shaft
of great length. The ring or boss which carries the nut is provided
with pivots suspended from a ring, and this ring is in its turn provided
with pivots and suspended from another ring which is bolted to a
tripod or other stand; these pivots are conical, and are clamped in the
required position by nuts. We can thus adjust the main nut to and
secure it at any desired angle. Instead of the pivotted rings any other
convenient form of universal joint, such as a semi-ball joint, may be
adopted. Instead of a threaded shaft we sometimes employ a shaft
with longitudinal grooves, into which friction rollers take; by turning
these rollers the shaft is raised or lowered as required. We prefer to
employ two pairs of friction rollers. one or both pairs being adjustable
by threaded shafts or otherwise in order to regulate the angle of the
shaft according to requirement. The two friction rollers of each pair
can be moved nearer to each other by right and left handed screws and
nuts in order to get the necessary grip on the shaft.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Bernard Doering and Robert Harkness
Twigg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
REDVARD DORDING of Victoria Sinant in the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Bernard Deering and Robert Harkness
Twigg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th December 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
REDVARD DOEDING, of Victoria Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, and ROBERT HARKNESS TWIGG. of East India Avenue. in
the City of London. Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent. bearing date the Nineteenth day of June. in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight. in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did. for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us. the said Frederick Bernard Doering and Robert
Harkness Twigg. Her special licence that wc. the said Frederick
Bernard Doering and Robert. Harkness Twigg, our executors. adminis-
trators. and assigns, or such others as we. the said Frederick Bernard
Doering and Robert Harkness Twigg, our executors, administrators, and
assigns. should at any time agree with. and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING OR
WORKING IN ROCK. STONE: OR EARTH," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Frederick Bernard Deering and Robert Harkness
Twigg, or one of us, our executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under our. or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Frederick Bernard Deering and
Robert Harkness Twigg, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed. to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The object of the first part of this Invention is to dispense with the
valve for regulating the admission and distribution of compressed air
or other motive fluid to the cylinders of engines for boring or working
in rock, stone, or earth.
The manner in which this part of the Invention may be carried into
effect is represented in vertical section in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings, and is as follows:-The cylinder is here shown as vertical.
We employ in the cylinder a four pistons b, c, d, e, on the same rod,
these pistons forming between them three chambers f, g, h. A constant

page_text: supply to the central chamber is kept up through a port i com-
municating with the main supply. A passage leads from the back
or upper part of the cylinder and opens into the central chamber #
when the pistons are at the back or upper part of their stroke, as seen
in the Figure. Another passage I leads from the front or lower part of
the cylinder and opens into the central chamber when the pistons are
at the front or lower part of their stroke. The chamber h communicates
with the outside of the cylinder by a passage m through the piston rod,
and the chamber communicates with the chamber through the
connection of the pistons or otherwise. Supposing the pistons to be
at the end of their back or up stroke, as seen in the Figure, the motive
fluid enters by the passage behind the back or top piston band
produces the forward or down stroke of the pistons: in this stroke the
front or lower end of the cylinder exhausts through the passage into
the chamber h. and thence through the passage m in the piston rod.
At the termination of the forward or down stroke the central chamber g
communicates with the passage and thus supplies the motive fluid at
the front or lower end of the cylinder to produce the up stroke; in
this stroke the back or upper end of the cylinder exhausts through
the passage into the chamber f, thence through the piston rod.
Instead of the exhaust taking place through a passage in the piston
rod it may take place through the side of the cylinder. For the
efficient, working of the engine it is desirable that the openings from
the central chamber into the two passages and should be of more
than ordinary length in order to allow time for the motive fluid to act
and to exhaust, also that these passages should be wiredrawn or throttled
in some portion of their length to prevent a too early return action of
the motive fluid during the stroke. Engines constructed as before
described without a valve are particularly adapted for sinking holes of
small diameter when it is required that the engine should descend into
the hole, as seen in the Figure, or bore under water.
The second part of the Invention relates to apparatus and appliances
to be used in connection with boring engines when they are required
to descend into a hole. This part of our Invention is also represented
in Figure 1. Figure 2 is a section at right angles to Figure 1 of the
upper end of the engine a with its outer casing, and Figure 3 is a plan
of the engine and casing through the line 1, 1, of Figure 1.
consists in enclosing the engine in a
of the Invention
This part
cylindrical

page_text: casing o. the outer diameter of which is equal to or somewhat less than
the diameter of the hole. shaft, or tunnel to be bored. The rod carrying
the piston and tool works through a stuffing box' p in the bottom of the
casing. Three pipes are carried down into the casing, one q for supplying
the engine, another r for raising any water which may settle in the
bottom of the casing, and the thirds which passes through the bottom
of the casing to supply water for forcing the debris from the bottom of
the hole up round the outside of the casing. Some of these pipes may
be dispensed with if not required or other pipes may be employed. if
found necessary. The water which settles in the bottom of the
cylinder is forced into the pipe r by a disc or flange r' on the piston rod.
The piper is provided with a ball or other valve to prevent the return
of the water. To feed or move the engine we employ a threaded shaft f.
hollow or solid, above the engine and working through a nut u, which
may be made to open in order to allow of the shaft being raised
quickly when required. We form a port in the engine cylinder, as seen
at v, which is provided with a whistle. .so that when the tool has
penetrated a certain depth the whistle is sounded and the attendant
is made acquainted that another feed of the engine is required. By
then turning the nut by suitable gearing
together with the engine a. We prefer to
pipe between the threaded shaft and the engine or engine casing,
and when the engine has cut to a certain depth, we raise the shaft t
and interpose another cylinder y, which we bolt to the first and so on
as the work proceeds; we are thus not compelled to employ a threaded
shaft of great length. Figure 4 is a section of the cylinder y taken at
right angles to Figure 1. The ring or boss a' which carries the nut u
is provided with pivots b', as seen more clearly in the plan view
Figure 5, suspended from a ring c. and this ring is in its turn provided
with pivots d' and suspended from another ring e' which is bolted to a
tripod or other stand f; these pivots b¹, d', are conical and are clamped
in the required position by nuts g¹. We can thus adjust the nut to
and secure it at any desired angle. Instead of the pivotted rings any
other convenient form of universal joint, such as a semi-ball joint, may
be adopted.
the shaft is lowered
interpose a cylinder or
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as
our "Improvements in Machinery for Boring or Working in Rock.
Stone, or Earth."-

page_text: First. Constructing and arranging the engines of boring machinery
substantially as herein-before described with reference to Figure 1 of
the accompanying Drawings, so that the valve for regulating the
admission and distribution of the motive fluid to the cylinder may be
dispensed with.
Second. The combination with the engines of boring machinery when
required to descend into a hole or work under water of an outer
cylinder or case substantially as herein-before described with reference
to Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The employment of a whistle made to sound from a chamber
in the cylinder supplied with the motive fluid when the tool has cut 10
a certain depth, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof. I, the said Frederick Bernard Doering. for
myself and on behalf of the said Robert Harkness Twigg, have
hereunto set my hand and seal. this Fifteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord Oife thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight
F. B. DŒERING. (L.S.)