Improvements in or relating to Pencil Sharpeners.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left. 29th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 19th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pencil Sharpeners.
MARK AVERY North Nibley near Dursley Glostershire Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
A Pencil Sharpener made by pressing or otherwise an elastic metalic tube so as to
guide the pencil point during sharpening. The tube is also pressed in form to hold
the cutter fast in position.
i
The cutter is formed by punching a slot in a piece of solid metal, the edge of the
slot in the middle of the said metal is bent down & ground (on one side) to a sharp
cutting edge & put in position for use.
I put at the opposite end to where the pencil enters the sharpener, a piece of india
rubber or eraser, a ring, an enlarged nob, a whistle, a penholder, or microscope.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1889.
MARK AVERY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pencil Sharpeners.
I, MARK AVERY North Nibley near Dursley Glostershire Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-.
This invention consists in making a pencil sharpener by fixing a slotted knife
inside a compressed tube and also combining with the tube, a piece of indiarubber or
eraser, a ring an enlarged knob, a whistle, a penholder, or a microscope.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is constructed and used; similar letters refer to
similar parts throughout the several views.
Figure 1 represents an enlarged front general view of pencil sharpener provided
with rubber attachment at bottom end, the rubber being protected by means of an
adjustable cap.
Figure 2 represents a pen and rubber attachment.
Figure 3 represents a front view of knife.
Figure 4 represents a section through figure 3 on the line A B.
Figure 5 represents a section of figure 10 on the line C D.
Figure. 6 represents a reduced copy of figure 1.
Figure 7 represents a reduced copy of figure 10.
Figure 8 represents the pen and rubber attachment provided with a sliding cap.
Figure 9. represents a whistle attachment.
Figure 10 represents a back view of figure 1.
Figure 11 represents a pencil sharpener inside a tube of precious metal, such tube
being shewn in section and the internal pencil sharpener being shewn to represent
the outside form of such pencil sharponer.
"Figure 12 represents a section through figure 11 on the line G H.
Figure 13 represents a side view of figure 1 in the direction of the arrow a a.
In carrying out my invention I provide a brass tube or a tube made out of other
suitable material. I then by means of suitable tools convert the piece or length of tube.
into the configuration shewn at figures 1-10 and 12. On reference to the front
view figure I it will be observed that a piece is removed from the tube, leaving an
opening marked a. The tube is compressed into a funnel shape, the small end of
which is shewn at b figures 7-10-11-12-13; the material squeezed or compressed

page_text: from the tube to form the narrow part is formed on the under side into the
strengthening-ribs c, the ribs c are each turned over at de to form the knife groove
in the manner represented at ƒ g. The top end of pencil sharpener is pierced
with a slit, the slit terminating (by preference) with a circular piercing k the slit j
and piercing k are provided to allow the end of the tube to expand slightly, to suit
pencils that vary a trifle in transverse dimensions, the bottom end of pencil-sharpener
is pressed, spun, or otherwise formed with projecting ridges or millings 9 which are
provided for the purpose of holding the tube with a firm grip during the rotation of
pencil against the knife; a knob or button m is secured to the lower end of pencil-
sharpener in such a manner that the neck n projects from the face of the tube; a
piece of rubber o is fixed in the lower end of the pencil-sharpener. I next provide a
rubber shield p and press, spin or otherwise produce the projecting ridges q and
pierce or cut out the movement-slot r and the adjusting-slots; I then pass the
shield p over the rubber o, the sides of the slot moving past the neck n of the
stud m, the shield can be moved over the rubber so as to expose a portion of
rubber in the manner illustrated at figure 1, the shield can also be moved so that
one of the adjusting slots s will pass over the neck n of the stud m, thus locking
the shield p in any desired position, either to entirely cover the rubber and thus
shield it from dust when not in use, or to expose any desired protruding length
suitable for the required flexibility when used to erase marks or stains.
I next provide a slotted knife which is made by punching or otherwise forming
a slot in a solid metal plate. In some cases the knife would be of the horizontal
configuration shewn at figure 3 the slot t1 being the only portion removed. In
other cases the left hand shaded part ff would also be removed leaving a slot t1
in the lower portion "only." The edge u of slot t is bent down into the position
represented by the dotted lines, the knife is then fastened in a suitable grinding-
holder and the under (dotted in) part ground off, until an acute cutting edge is
produced as shewn in section at v figure 4, the knife is then slidden into its
groove bearings and secured there by compressing the walls d f and eg of the
groove, tightly on to the edges of the knife as clearly illustrated at sectional plan
figure 5.
My improved sharpener constructed in the manner hereinbefore set forth would
form and constitute a neat, compact article, the pencil introduced at the inlet
end would be rotated against the edge of knife, the shavings would fall out
through the opening a; the shell is pierced with an extra clearance passage by
means of which the scivings or shavings from the point end of the pencil can
escape. The rubber can be used for erasing pencil marks and the sheath can be
adjusted to expose any desired length of the rubber or to entirely cover its
periphery. In some cases when making my pencil sharpener to sell at the lowest
possible price I may dispense with the rubber o and shield p. The pen and rubber
attachment shewn at figure 2 is provided to be used in place of the rubber o and
shield p by passing the rubber end y into the lower end of pencil sharpener-
shell, the pen can be used for writing purposes; by passing the end a a into
the lower end of pencil sharpener shell the pen z will miss the knife and the
attachment will be firmly secured so that the rubber y can be used; a shield exactly
similar to p figure 1 can be used in the attachment shewn at figure 2; the broken
section figure 8 represents the upper part of figure 2 broken off above the line EF
shewing the shield in position. The attachment represented at figure 9 consists of a
whistle, the lower end 66 can be passed in to the lower end of pencil sharpener
shell.
The modification illustrated at figures 11 and 12 consists of an extra tube co which
may be gold, silver or other precious metal, secured over the ordinary pencil-
sharpener tube, the boundary of the ordinary tube terminates with the points
indicated thus-v; the outer shell of precious metal cc is pierced with opening dd
corresponding to the opening a in the ordinary shell; the edges of this opening in
the extra shell are turned down as shewn at ee figures 11 and 12 to form the upper
wall or bearing to receive and grip the edges of knife.

page_text: I have not illustrated the ring, the knob, or the microscope as the attachments
are of well known configuration, and each attachment can be utilized by forming a
plug-end to fit into the lower end of the tube, as illustrated and described in reference
to figure 1.
Having now particularly described an
tion and in what manner the same is
claim is
ascertained the nature of my said inven-
to be performed, I declare that what I
1st. The making of a pencil sharpener by compressing a tube into the form
illustrated and described in reference to figures 1-5-10 and 13 and the securing
therein a knife or cutter of the kind illustrated and described in reference to
figures 3-4 and 5, as and for the purpose described.
2nd. The making of a pencil sharpener knife, by piercing a slot in a piece of solid
metal, bending down one side of such slot and afterwards grinding off the under
surface to form a cutting edge.
3rd. The making of a pencil sharpener by compressing a tube into the form
illustrated and described in reference to figures 1-5-10 and 13 and the securing
thereto a knife or cutter of the kind illustrated and described in reference to figures 3
and 4, in conjunction with an outer tube, as illustrated and described in reference to
figures 11 and 12.
4th. The combination with a pencil sharpener herein described of a moveable
rubber or eraser in conjunction with an adjustable sheath.
5th. The combination with the pencil sharpener herein described of a moveable
attachment consisting of a pen and rubber or eraser as illustrated and described with
reference to figures 2 and 8.
6th. The combination with the pencil sharpener herein described, of a ring, a
whistle, or a microscope.
7th. The making of a pencil-sharpener-knife by. removing the parts marked ƒƒ as
illustrated and described in reference to figure 3.
Datal this 97th day of January 1800
ALFRED WM. TURNER,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birmingham, Agent for the Applicant.