IMPROVEMENTS THE OBTAINING AND UTILIZING HEAT IN THE OPERATION OF SMELTING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Salisbury Street, Strand, i
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
THE OBTAINING AND UTILIZING HEAT IN THE OPERATION OF SMELTING."
Sealed the 11th January 1870, and dated the 15th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
15th July 1869.
1, JULIAN BERNARD, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OBTAINING AND UTILIZING HEAT IN THE OPERATION OF
SMELTING," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to the utilisation of the heat contained and
existing in slag as it is obtained in a fluid state from a blast, rever-
beratory, or other furnace, and consists in so arranging the receiving
vessels or reservoirs as that a current of air, steam, or gases may pass
and circulate around and about the recipients of the fluid slag, and
Price 8d 1

page_text: thus abstract the heat theretrom and be rendered available for useful
applications.
I prefer that the vessels, recipients, or receivers of the slag shall
be provided with chambers, channels, or passages through which air,
steam, or gases may pass, and be so formed as that the lower or
delivering end of the apparatus shall be larger than the receiving or
filling portion, so that when the slag shall have become cooled or set it
shall be easy of delivery. These hollow vessels or reservoirs may be
of any desired form, square, angular, corrugated, cylindrical, or other-
wise, and may be arranged either singly or in a series. The air,
steam, or gas thus heated may be utilized in any desired manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 15th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of Salisbury Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Julian Bernard, Her special license that
I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel:
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
OBTAINING AND UTILIZING HEAT IN THE OPERATION OF SMELTING," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Julian Bernard, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in aud by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say:-
My said Invention relates to the utilisation of the heat contained
and existing in slag as it is obtained in a fluid state from a blast,
reverberatory, or other furnace, and consists, first, in so arranging the
receiving vessels or reservoirs as that a current of air, steam, or gases
may pass and circulate arount and about the recipients of the fluid slag,
and thus abstract the heat therefrom, and be rendered available for
useful applications.
In carrying out this first part of my Invention I prefer that the
vessels, recipients, or receivers of the slag shall be provided with
chambers, channels,. or passages through which air, steam, or gases
may pass, and be so formed as that the lower or delivering end of the
apparatus shall be larger than the receiving or filling portiou, so
that when the slag shall have become cooled or set it shall be easy
of delivery. These hollow vessels or reservoirs may be of any desired
form, square, angular, corrugated, cylindrical, or otherwise, and may
be arranged either singly or in a series. The air, steam, or gas thus
heated may be utilized in any desired manner. The heat obtained being
recovered from the waste slag.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed inore particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings;
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
Figures:
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents an elevation of an apparatus
which I employ for carrying my Invention into effect; Figure 2 is
a corresponding vertical section of the same; Figure 3 is a partial
section taken across the lines X, X, (Figure 2); Figure 4 represents
a modified form of the apparatus, and more specially adapted for
3.

page_text: heating air which is applied direct to the slag; and Figure 5 18 a
moveable receiver or aperture.
A represents an outer chambered cylinder, and B an inner cylinder
secured by their flanges to each other as shewn; C is a dome top
bolted steam-tight to the flange of A; E is a conical moveable piece
free on the parallel part of the cylinder B, retained in position by the
weights F, F, which are connected to it by means of the wire rope G
and pulley H; I, I, are feed pipes taking into the outer and inner
cylinders as shewn; K is a pipe for blowing off when required; L is
a valve, and M represents a steam or air feed pipe which may be con-
nected to any motive-power engine or blast pipe as may be required
N represents an opening in the outer cylinder for communicating
with the inner cylinder by means of a feed or other pipe, O being a
similar opening for receiving the slag while in a fluid state; P, P, at
the cross section, Fig. 3, are opening communicating with the steam
dome and pipe B. The apparatus is fitted with the usual appliances
of a steam boiler, such as suitable valves and guages. When it is to
be employed for recovering the heat from the slag either for steam or
air the slag is directed into the space R, R, Fig. 2, through the
opening O until it falls upon the cone E, gradually filling the space
to any desired height and parting with its heat to the surrounding
metallic surfaces to the fluid contained in the spaces S, S, until they
become sufficiently heated. When the slag is at the desired height
it is allowed to escape by lowering the cone, which is readily done
by raising the weights F, F, the cylinders A and B being tapered
as shewn, the slag readily leaves the space in which it has been confined
until in its descent it splits upon the cone and falls into any desired
receptacle to be carried away. The machine may be completely emptied
of the slag or the slag may be allowed to fall gradually from the
receiver and over the cone; this operation may be regulated to any
nicety by the quantity of metal in the balancing weights.
The modified form of the machine shewn at Fig. 4 is for the purpose
of heating air by its more direct application to the slag, which is effected
in the following manner:-The receiver, Fig. 5, which is shewn in
position at Fig. 4 receives the slag which passes in a thin sheet through
the aperture T, and as it falls or flows out cold air is conveyed
through the pipes U, U, and is caused to impinge upon the descending
slag. A modification of the cone E may be employed to regulate the

page_text: descent or flow of the slag, suitable weights and pulleys being employed
for such cone, the tube B not being a necessity to its efficient acting.
The air heated in this manner may be allowed to escape into the
chamber V, and conveyed as may be required for any desired purpose.
In lieu of the air passing through the chamber V it may be conveyed
direct from the chamber or space by means of a suitable pipe taking
into said space, and the space be employed for heating or generating
steam. The top of this machine is made moveable as it is subject
to greater wear than any other part of the machine. There are grooves
or recessess a, a, shewn on the top of the cylinder for the purpose
of making an air-tight joint, which may be done by a suitable
cement. This moveable piece ought to be of such depth as to contain
a sufficient quantity of slag as to give a head pressure sufficient to
overcome that of the air. The inside of the receiver or cone may be
covered wholly or partially by fire-clay so as to modify the action
of the slag upon the metal, which coating or covering may be employed
to protect any part of the forms of the machines employed for this
purpose.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The system or mode of utilising the heat existing in slag
obtained in a fluid state from metallurgical furnaces, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before described.
Second. The peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus
for facilitating the utilising of the heat of fluid slag, as herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of January
One thousand sight hundred and sevent
J. BERNARD. (L.S.)