Improvements in and relating to the Pneumatic Tyres of Cycle and other Wheels.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 19th June, 1893-Accepted, 22nd July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Pneumatic Tyres of Cycle and
other Wheels.
I ADOLPHUS ISIDOR RATH India-rubber Manufacturer of 12 Exchange
Chambers, New Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the rims and tyres of wheels such
improved wheels when made being specially suitable for use on cycles and also
suitable for use on other vehicles.
The object of my invention is to produce a pneumatic tyre which when punctured
or deflated will form a cushion tyre and thus enable the rider to use his punctured
or deflated tyre to ride on instead of carrying such deflated tyre to the machine
shop for repairs.
In carrying out my invention I provide a rim which may be of a circular or
hollow transverse section on its external periphery or which may be of a flat
transverse section or of any other suitable transverse section on its external
periphery, I next provide my improved bladder cover which is constructed in the
following manner :-
The cover may be a flat sheet of canvas, rubber, canvas and rubber combined,
or other suitable and equivalent yielding material; on the two edges of the cover
I secure blocks of rubber about three eights of an inch in thickness more or less
the cover so made would be folded over into a tube the edge of cover over which
is placed the rubber block would next be placed on or secured to the external
periphery of the tyre an ordinary or suitable bladder would next be placed to
extend over the complete outward periphery of the rim resting on the thickened
edge of cover the second edge of cover would then be brought over the bladder
such second thickened edge being next secured to the outer periphery of the rim
thus forming a complete tubular tyre on the rim.
I wish it to be distinctly understood that the complete tyre so secured to the
rim would present a continuous surface of rubber over the external periphery of
the rim, such rubber being about three eights of an inch in thickness more or less
so that by the inflation of the bladder the tendency of such inflation pressure
would be
1st. To expand the bladder outwards impinging on the under surface of cover
over its thinnest parts until such cover was expanded into the usual tyre shape.
The second tendency of the inflation would be downwards against the continuous
surface of rubber three eights of an inch thick thus pressing the thick rubber
continually on to the outer periphery of tyre and it will be apparent that such
action or pressure will be exerted, be the external periphery of rim, either concave,
convex, or flat.
As a further security suitable cement would be used on the outer periphery of
tyre against the canvas or cover which carries the rubber.
When my improved expanded tyre is in use by a rider and such rider from any
any cause should pierce the cover and the bladder the collapsed bladder and cover
could be used for riding because the cover would simply sink against the continuous
layer of thick rubber and the machine could be used for riding the collapsed tyre
being in fact converted into a cushion tyre.
The bladder may in some cases be collapsed into a rope shape such rope shape
being kept in position by a series of elastic bands; the rope shaped bladder could
then be quickly placed in position within the cover and when afterwards inflated

page_text: the elastic bands would yield to the bladder and form strengthening ribs over the
same.
Instead of making the cover in the flat and folding it over to form a tube, I can
in some cases make the complete tube with thick rubber bottom and afterwards
slit the rubber and lay the cover open ready to connect to rim as hereinbefore
described.
7
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Pneumatic Tyres of Cycle and
other Wheels.
I, ADOLPHUS ISIDOR RATH, India-rubber Manufacturer, of 12, Exchange
Chambers, New Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the construction of the tyres of cycle and other wheels,
and to the fitting of the same to their rims, and consists first, in self-contained cover
securing means; secondly, in self-contained air-sack securing means; thirdly, in
means for supporting the side walls of the cover during use; fourthly, in so forming
the cover edges that the tyre, when inflated, is converted from a pneumatic tyre to
a cushion tyre; fifthly, in laterally supporting the air-sack, at the inner part of its
periphery, through the medium of the cover edges, which are made in the form of
annular or circumferential blocks or rings, with broad bases and tapered sides, and
with the tops extending above or beyond the flanged and confining edges of the
rim, and sixthly, in extending or projecting inwards, the thickened edges of
the cover, so as to form inside buttresses or plinth-like supports to the cover.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents a cycle wheel, provided
and fitted with a pneumatic tyre constructed and arranged according to my
invention.
Figure 2 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the same upon an enlarged
scale.
This view shows the component parts constituting the wheel circumference, riz.,
the metallic rim, the annular air-sack or inner tyre or bladder and the cover of the
said air-sack or inner tyre.
Figure 3 represents a transverse vertical section of the said wheel circumference
upon the dotted lines A B Figure 2, showing the tyre inflated and the parts in the
relative positions which they assume under such conditions.
Figure 4 represents a like sectional view as Figure 3, but showing the figure
which that part of the tyre under compression, when in use on running, takes.
Figure 5 represents a like sectional view as Figure 4 but with the tyre deflated,
consequent on the same having been punctured and which is being used as a cushion
tyre.
Figure 6 is a cross sectional view of the tyre showing the same deflated and with
one side of the cover removed from one side of the rim so as to show more clearly
the dispositions of the parts.
Figure 7 is a cross sectional view of the air-sack or inner-tyre and rim
separately.
Figure 8 is a cross sectional view of the cover separately whilst
Figure 9 is a perspective view of the same.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the drawing.
a is an annular air-sack or inner tyre or bladder of cross section adapted to

page_text: distend or fill up when inflated the inside surface of the cover 6 and a middle
portion of the outer periphery of the rim c.
The cover b consists of a flat ring of rubber with a ply or plies of canvas
attached, and with the middle part or tread b¹ thickened so as to take the wear
and to resist the incursion of puncturing objects hence a sheath cover of the tyre.
The opposite terminal edges of the said cover are provided with thickened
parts, which I make of triangular section somewhat in the form of buttresses
or plinth-like supports to the walls of the cover disposed between the crown and
edges.
Now the upper parts b', of the said plinth-like thickened edges 6', which are disposed
or located upon the inside edges of the cover come considerably above the top
edges of the confining sides of the rim c, and are formed with shoulders *, erect
outer sides 6, inclined inner sides 6 and broad bases b'.
68 is a ply of canvas, following the interior surface of the cover, and the outer
surface of the circumferential or annular block edges and the function of this ply is
to form a restraining medium for preventing the change of the shape of the parts
enveloped or covered by it.
The circumferential block edges 6, of the cover are preferably made up of a
series of layers of cork or equivalent material 6º, with interposed layers of rubber or
plies of canvas 610 between them.
An additional advantage which results from making the thickened edges of the
cover take the form of buttresses or plinth-like lower parts is that the walls are
supported as shown in Figure 4, and the tyre is prevented from bellying or swaying
when under compression on being ridden, and further the production of an oval and
deep tyre, with a narrow tread is thereby obtained.
The increase in the depth of the tyre, which results from the support given to
the side walls of the cover by the elevated or thickened block edges gives increased
resiliency or elasticity and by decreasing the breadth of the tread, suction and
skidding in wet weather is to a very marked degree avoided, and further, by having
a narrow tread with a deep tyre, risk of puncturing is minimised, and further,
the greatest mechanical advantage is derived by a rider through the compression
of the tyre being centralized consequent upon the cover being supported in manner
as set forth.
The inner tyre or air-sack or bladder when under inflation prevents the removal
or displacement of the cover by its inward pressure or by its inward or slight
outward lateral pressure exerting itself by direct impingement both upon the top
sides or shoulders, and upon the inclined sides of the circumferential block
edges, hence the affixing of the said cover by the pressure of its said block edges
both upon the insides of the flanges and the bottom c¹ of the rim c.
The inside space between the said block edges forms an annular and continuous
channel elevated above the confining edges of the rim and forming as it were, a
confining trough wherein the lower part of the air-sack rests and is thereby kept in
its assigned position.
It is understood that the air sack is slightly distended when placed in position on
the rim and that the lower part of the same secures or entraps the edges of the
cover, which, in turn secures and entraps or affixes the said air-sack or inner tyre
in position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
―:
First-
-A cover for pneumatic tyres, constructed arranged and operating
substantially as herein described.
Secondly-In pneumatic tyres, a cover provided with thickened edges such as 6ª
consisting of blocks of plinth-like form extending beyond the edges of the confining
flanges of the rim whereby the tyre when deflated may be used as a cushion tyre by
the upper parts of the walls of the tyre folding inwards upon themselves and coming

page_text: upon the edges of the said extended internal supports and not upon the edges of the
rim substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly-A pneumatic tyre cover having thickened edges of the form herein-
before described in combination with a parallel sided trough rim and an inner tyre
or bladder operating in conjunction therewith to secure the cover in plan
substantially as described.
:
Fourthly In a pneumatic tyre cover of the construction as herein described,
and referred to in the preceding claims, the combination with the same, of
thickened edges composed of a series of alternate layers of cork or equivalent
material and canvas or rubber or canvas plies substantially as set forth.
Dated this 17th day of June 1893.
ADOLPHUS ISIDOR RATH,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.