IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING HOLLOW INGOTS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Kesterton, of the Star Works, Heneage
Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING HOLLOW INGOTS, AND IN APPARATUS TO
BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.
د"
Sealed the 23rd May 1871, and dated the 16th March 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Kesterton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th March 1871.
I, HENRY KESTERTON, of the Star Works, Heneage Street, Birming-
ham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING HOLLOW INGOTS, AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in casting hollow
ingots. In casting hollow ingots in iron or other metal suitable for
making into tubes I employ apparatus consisting of a strong mould
of cylindrical form, with a core in the centre. A piston is attached to
the core; it works in a cylinder, to which water under heavy pressure

page_text: can be supplied on either side of the piston. There is a vent hole in the
side of the mould capable of being closed by a plug. A cover closes
the top of the mould, and it has a hole in the centre closed with a
stopper. The top of the core being at the bottom of the mould, molten
metal is poured in until it overflows at the vent, then the cover and
stopper being secured in their places and the vent closed, the core is
by the hydraulic apparatus forced upwards. The upward passage of the
core through the molten metal facilitates the escape of any gases which
may be entangled in it, and drives the fluid metal into all the angles
of the mould, and in this way a homogeneous casting is obtained.
As soon as the metal is set the stopper at the top of the mould is
removed, and the hydraulic pressure then makes the core protrude from
the top of the mould. A cap with which the end of the core was
furnished to protect it in rising through the molten metal is removed,
and another larger one substituted. The core is then forcibly drawn
back by the hydraulic apparatus, and the enlarged head of the core as
it passes down compresses powerfully and successively every part of the
casting, overcoming any tendency its parts may have to separate by
crystallization and shrinkage in cooling; the ingot is thus rendered very
sound, and acquires a certain and sufficient malleability to enable it to
endure the further treatment for the production of a tube.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Kesterton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th September 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY 2
KESTERTON, of the Star Works, Heneage Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, send greeting.
J
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty- 3
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Kesterton, Her special license
that I, the said Henry Kesterton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Kesterton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no a

page_text: 33
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CASTING HOLLOW INGOTS, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Kesterton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Kesterton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in casting hollow
ingots, and in apparatus employed therein. In casting hollow ingots in
iron or other metal suitable for making into tubes, I employ apparatus
consisting of a strong mould of cylindrical form with a core in the centre.
A. piston is attached to the core; it works in a cylinder, to which water
under heavy pressure can be supplied on either side of the piston.
There is a vent hole in the side of the mould capable of being closed
by a plug. A cover closes the top of the mould, and it has a hole in
the centre closed by a stopper. The top of the core being at the bottom
of the mould, molten metal is poured in until it overflows at the vent,
then the cover and stopper being secured in their places and the vent
closed, the core is by the hydraulic apparatus forced upwards. The
upward passage of the core through the molten metal facilitates the
escape of any gases which may be entangled in it, and in this way.a
homogeneous casting is obtained. As soon as the casting is set the
stopper at the top of the mould is removed, and the hydraulic pressure
then makes the core protrude from the top of the mould. A cap with
which the end of the core was furnished to protect it in rising through
the molten metal is removed and another larger one substituted; the core
5.
is then forcibly drawn back by the hydraulic apparatus, and the enlarged
head of the core as it passes down compresses powerfully and successively
every part of the casting, overcoming any tendency its parts may have.

page_text: to separate by crystallization and shrinkage in cooling. The ingot is
thus rendered very sound and acquires a certain and sufficient malleability
to enable it to endure the further treatment for the production of a
tube.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings here-
unto annexed.
Ե
apparatus which I employ; Figure 4 is a longitudinal section; Figure 5
is a side view, and other views are also shewn representing some of the
details.
The top of the core
poured in until it
a is a strong mould of cylindrical form; and b is a core in the centre
thereof; c is a piston attached to the core; it works in a cylinder,
to which water under heavy pressure can be supplied on either side of
the piston; a¹ is a vent hole in the side of the mould, capable of being
closed by a plug; d is a cover closing the top of the mould, it has a
hole in the centre closed with a separate stopper d.
being at the bottom of the mould molten metal is
overflows at the vent a¹, then the cover and stopper d, d³, being secured
in their places and the vent a¹ closed, the core is by the hydraulic
apparatus forced upwards; it drives the fluid metal into all the angles
of the mould and exposes it to heavy pressure. As soon as the metal
is set the stopper is removed, and the hydraulic pressure then makes
the core protrude from the top of the mould. A cap with which the
end of the core was furnished to protect it in rising, through the molten
metal is removed and another larger one b³ substituted, the core bis
then forcibly drawn back by the hydraulic apparatus, and the enlarged
head of the core as it passes down compresses powerfully and successively
every part of the casting, overcoming any tendency its parts may have
to separate by crystallization and shrinkage in cooling. The ingot
is thus rendered very sound and acquires a certain and sufficient
malleability to enable it to endure the further treatment for the pro-
duction of a tube.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I
claim, the improvements in the manufacture of hollow ingots, drawing

page_text: a core with an enlarged head through the ingot as soon as the metal has
set, and whilst it is still contained in the mould, in such manner as to
compress the metal successively from end to end of the ingot, sub-
stantially as described.
I also claim the manufacture of hollow ingots substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Kesterton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.