An Improved Apparatus for Ice-making and Refrigerating.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 27th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Ice-making and Refrigerating.
I ALFRED GLASSON Engineer of 339 Upland Road East Dulwich S.E. in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The apparatus is designed to use a strong solution of ammonia in water at
strength 880 and it consists of the following parts:
The generator is a cylindrical iron or steel vessel having covers bolted on at
each end and fixed horizontally. It is provided with a flange branch in the centre
on the top and also with feet or brackets on either side of it to which are bolted a
similar flange neck & side brackets on the analyzer. The. generator is also
provided with a steam coil for heating the ammonia liquor.
The analyzer is an iron or steel vessel having covers bolted on the ends and
being fixed horizontally above the generator to which it is bolted by means of fect
or brackets on its lower side. The analyzer is also provided with a series of
rectangular plates lying one upon another transversely the whole length of the
vessel inside and connected together at the ends of each row and in the centre of
every alternate row by a dip or outlet pipe. The plates are bolted together in
sections. An important and novel feature of these plates is dividing strips
crossing the plates alternately from the sides and nearly reaching across thus
causing the flow of liquor along the plates to take a zig-zag course.
The plates
are also provided with a number of nozzles. There is a perforated pipe the whole
length of the analyzer fixed above the topmost row of plates.
The absorber is an iron or steel vessel having covers bolted to each end and is
arranged horizontally. It is provided with a series of coils inside. The ends or
outlets of these pipe coils are brought through the covers and connected to bonnets
or boxes at each end of the vessel. There are two small chambers made in the
bottom of the absorber each covered by a flange and into which pipes are screwed
and project about 2" inside each chamber thus forming nozzle pipes. Over the top
of the coils and along the entire length of the absorber inside, is a perforated pipe
passing through the end cover & connected to a cock. This cock is connected by
a pipe & branch to a horizontal cylindrical vessel fixed immediately below the
absorber. This vessel is called the heater and stands on two brackets on its lower
side whilst the two brackets on its top side support the absorber. The heater has.
a coil or coils fixed inside its whole length.
The cooler or refrigerator is an iron or steel vessel horizontally fixed on brackets.
Having two covers, and a coil or coils running the whole length of the vessel. The
erds of the coils are brought through the covers. A perforated pipe is placed
inside along the bottom edge of the inner coil and connected at one end to a
branch & a cock. A chamber in the bottom of cooler with a flange & pipe is also
provided and a cock with a branch on top of the cooler is also fitted.
The rectifier is a rectangular wound coil & made of large size wrought iron pipe.
This coil I place immediately over the condenser coils which are also rectangular
wound coils of small size wrought iron pipe. There is sufficient room between the
coils for a man to get down between them for cleaning.
The rectifier & condenser coils are connected together by a pipe & pocket. The
pocket at its lower end has a drain pipe attached.

page_text: The rectifier and condenser coils & other pipes & pocket are placed inside a
rectangular closed tank and fixed by stays to the sides of the tank. The top inlet.
to rectifier coil comes through the side of tank at the upper edge and the outlets
from the condenser coils at its lower edge. These last are connected to a small
flanged iron vessel called the receiver bolted to the bottom edge of the tank
outside.
The double acting ammonia pump which circulates the ammonia through the
various vessels & pipes I make of cast iron and so arranged that the barrel is at an
angle of 40° to 45° with the horizon. The suction and delivery valves I place
immediately over one another and are both made of steel. The delivery valve has
a spring at its back and the suction valve is prevented from lifting too high by
means of an eye on its spindle and a set pin. By unscrewing the set pin the suction
valve can be taken out through the delivery valve seat. The steel seating for the
two valves, suction & delivery I make in one piece & fit it into the body of pump.
leaving a narrow slot between the top & bottom valve in each valve box as an
opening into the barrel of pump. By this arrangement a very small clearance
space is obtained between the two valves in which gas may lodge & so interfere
with the working of the valves. Also these delivery & suction valves rise & fall
in a vertical direction over each other.
The pump is provided with a delivery & suction valve, as described above, at
each end of the barrel. The two sets of valves being connected together by hollow
channels cast in the sides of the pump barrel & connected to the delivery & suction
flanges of pump. The stuffing box gland of the piston rod is surrounded by a
chamber for holding water.
In the smaller size machines I use an injector to circulate the ammonia instead
of the ammonia pump, and it is fixed to the top of the generator.
This injector
consists of two conical cast iron vessels fitting one inside the other and both
covered by a flange on the large end. The outside vessel forms a jacket round the
inside vessel. and through this jacket either cold brine circulates or liquid
ammonia is allowed to vaporize therein, thus producing an intense cold round the
injector nozzle and without which the injector will not work. The inside conical
vessel has three pipe connections; one connection to injector nozzle from the hot
gas in generator; one connection to the strong liquor in absorber, and one
connection at the small end of vessel to the top of generator.
The whole machine is so arranged and constructed as to work under conditions
which the ordinary absorption ammonia machine is quite unsuitable. The vertical
height of my improved machines over all is between seven and nine feet and will
easily come between the decks of ships. Again it is not necessary that my
apparatus be stationary as it is so designed that the rolling motion of a ship would
not interfere with its efficient working. As each vessel is bolted to its neighbouring
vessel and each set of two vessels can be bolted firmly through the brackets on the
bottom of same to the deck-the whole apparatus is thus firm and rigid and
available for use on shipboard.
The steam from a steam boiler being turned on into the coils inside generator,
the aqua ammonia with which the generator is nearly filled, at once commences to
evaporate and passing into the analyzer and through the plates enters the rectifier
coil where parting with its watery vapour it enters the condensing coils as dry
ammoniacal gas and condenses there into auhydrous ammonia in a liquid state.
The rectifier and condenser coils are kept sufficiently cool for condensing the gas
by cold water circulating around the condenser coils into the receiver and is
allowed to slowly pass from there into the cooler where expanding again into
vapour at a lower initial pressure abstracts heat from brine flowing through the
coils inside the cooler. The spent gas from cooler is passed on to the absorber and
is allowed to blow into the weak liquor contained in the bottom of absorber and so
becomes absorbed by it and from the absorber it is pumped or injected as the case
may be into the generator through the coil inside the heater. And thus it is
circulated & used over and over again in one continuous cycle provided always

page_text: "
'that sufficient weak liquor is passed continuously from the generator through the
theater, outside the coil, into the absorber.
D
1004
ALFRED GL'ASSON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Ice-making and Refrigerating.
I ALFRED GLASSON, Engineer, of 339 Upland Road Dulwich in the County
of Surrey do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :--
My improved apparatus as hereinafter described & illustrated is designed to
make use of that law of nature, described as the power of a substance when passing
from the liquid to the gaseous state of rendering latent a certain quantity of heat.
To utilize this natural law and to cause it to freeze water or lower the temperature
of gass, liquids, or solids; I use a substance which has a great capacity for latent
beat vapourizes'at'a very low temperature. This substance is ammonia and to
prepare it from the ordinary commercial solution of ammonia in water, to rectify it,
condense it and apply it to refrigerating purposes in an improved manner is. the
object of this invention.
In order to explain my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
I refer to the accompanying drawings
Figure 1, Sheet I. is an elevation, partly in section, of that part of the apparatus
called the generator and analyzer.
Figure 2, is an end elevation of the same.
Figure 1, Sheet II. is an elevation in section of that part of the apparatus called
the absorber & heater.
Figure 2, is an end elevation of the same.
Figures 3 & 4, are a sectional and an end elevation of the cooler or refrigerator.
Figure 1, Sheet III. is a plan of a part of the apparatus, called the rectifier-
condenser.
Figure 2, is an elevation of same in section.
Figure 1, Sheet IV. is a sectional elevation through the valve and ports of the
improved double-acting ammonia pump and the injector.
Figure 2, is a plan of the pump.
Figure 3, is a cross section through the valve box on line A B Figure 1, 'drawn
to a larger scale.
Figure 4, is a sectional elevation of the ammonia injector used with the smaller
sized machines instead of the ammonia pump.
Figures 1 & 2, Sheet V. is a plan of two of the analyzer plates, and a section
through the plates on line A' B².
Figures 3 & 4, show an elevation and plan of the complete apparatus, with steam
engine J driving the pumps.
I will now proceed to describe the various parts of my improved apparatus mor●
fully.
Figures 1 & 2, Sheet 1. The generator A is a cylindrical iron or steel vessel
having covers bolted on at each end and provided with a flange branch Vand
brackets U which are bolted to similar brackets and a similar flange neck on the
analyzer B.
A steam coil Y-having an inlet pipe at L-is fixed inside the generator as shown
with iron clip stays at W. This coil is used for heating the ammonia- inside the
generator.
A small flange neck shown at Z forms a connection to the weak liquor pipe
outlet.

page_text: The analyzer B is an iron or steel cylindrical vessel placed horizontally above
the generator and bolted to it as shown at U & V. It is also provided with flat
end covers & flange neck R. It is also provided internally with a series of plates c
lying one upon another as shown Figure 2 at c.
These plates when fixed inside the analyzer B have in the centre of the top row
of plates a dip pipe S, and in the next lower row dip pipes at each end at $ & S
alternately in the centre of a row and then at the two ends of a row and in this
manner downwards from one row of plates to another until the last row of plates
terminate with a pipe in the centre shown at a & and, having a gas trap fixed to
its end at b.
The construction of these plates is very important to the effectual and efficient
working of the apparatus.
A detail of two of these plates is shown at Figures 1 & 2 Sheet V. They
are rectangular in shape and bolted together in sections by bolts at a¹i.
An important feature of these plates is dividing strips "crossing the plates
alternately from the sides and nearly reaching right across thus causing the flow
of liquor along the plates to take a zig-zag course. A number of short nozzle
pipes C stand upwards from the bottom surface of the plates and act as tubes for
the passage of vapour upwards. The dip pipes S when the plates come together &
are fixed inside the analyzer, extend nearly down to the next lower row, the ends
of which dip pipes, are then just inside the well or gas traps shown at T
Figure 1, Sheet I. The flange neck V on analyzer B is the hot gas branch and the
flange inlet pipe Q and perforated pipe P is the strong liquor inlet and spray
pipe.
Both the analyzer B and generator A are bolted securely together and are thus
supported by the two brackets or feet d, d, which rest on the ground.
Figures 1 & 2 Sheet II. The absorber C is an iron or steel cylindrical vessel
having covers bolted to each end and placed horizontally as shown.
Inside this
vessel are arranged several iron pipe coils these may be serpentines as shown, or
flat grid-iron coils when found necessary. The ends of these pipe coils are brought
through the end covers and connected up into bonnets or boxes o & z.
The important parts of this vessel are the suction chamber g with its outlet
pipe, and the gas absorption chamber with its inlet pipe & back pressure
valve.
The weak liquor spray pipe is shown at e and runs along the whole length of
the vessel inside and on top of the coils and is perforated with small holes.
The heater D is an iron or steel cylindrical vessel having end covers bolted on
and placed horizontally beneath the absorber C, and having brackets at j
corresponding to one another, the two vessels C & D are firmly bolted together
and are both supported on the ground by the feet k, as shown. A serpentine pipe
coil p
fixed inside the vessel and the ends of this coil are brought through the end
covers at m. A flange branch n with a pipe and cock i form a connection with the
absorber spray pipe e, as shown. There is also another flange neck at which is
the inlet for weak liquor.
-
Figures 3 & 4. The cooler or refrigerator F, is also an iron or steel vessel,
cylindrical and stands horizontally on the supports shown at Y. It is provided
with two end covers and also with a pipe coil .. If necessary more than oue pipe
coil may be used. The ends of the coil are brought through the covers at y.
A perforated pipe W is fixed along the whole length of the vessel just above the
inside lower edge of the coil as shown being connected at one end to a flange
branch and cock r. A blowout chamber is made in this vessel exactly in
the centre on the bottom at s, & provided with a cock t. There is also a
flange neck & cock v called the gas outlet. A pressure gauge & a level gauge are
shown at .
Figures 1 & 2, Sheet III. The rectifier M is a rectangular wound pipe coil of
large size bore. This coil I place immediately over the condenser coils N which
are also rectangular wound pipe coils of small bore tube. There is sufficient room

page_text: between these condenser coils for a man to get down between them and clean the
outside of the tubes. The coils are properly stayed and bolted together as shown
at G and are fixed inside an iron tank E which is provided with a tight fitting
cover Figure 2.
The manner in which I connect these coils with one another I will now more
particularly describe :-
The inlet at A to the rectifier coil m is brought through the side of the casing
as shown but the outlet to this coil is connected up to an iron pocket dip pipe Di
This dip pipe is carried down vertically nearly to the bottom of the tank and
terminates in a small drain pipe J Figure 2 which is taken through the sides of
tank at B' and is eventually connected to the top of the generator.
From the top
end of this pocket dip pipe F' a large bore bent pipe passes upwards and across to
connect it with the tee piece K' & C¹ Figs. 1 & 2. To this tee are bolted pipes E
which are again connected to the inlets on top of the two condenser coils N. The
outlets from the bottom of the condenser coils at Q Figure 2 are brought through
the sides of tank and connected by small pipes L' to two branches on the side of a
cylindrical iron vessel G called the receiver, which is securely bolted to the tank
sides.
The receiver is also provided with two outlets at M'.
Figures 1, 2 & 3, Sheet IV. The double acting ammonia pump which circulates
the ammonia through the various vessels and pipes I make of cast iron and so
arranged that the barrel is at an angle of 45° with the horizon as shown.
A. special feature of this pump is the suction and delivery valves which I place
immediately over one another as shown at Figure 3. The delivery valve Ci has
a spring at the back of it, and the suction valve d' is prevented from rising too
high by means of the eye on the spindle and the set screw m¹. By withdrawing
the screw m¹, the suction valve can be removed and taken out through the delivery
valve cover n'. The steel seat of Figure 3 for the two valves I make in one piece
and fit it into the casting leaving a narrow slot at P¹ as an opening into the pump
barrel h¹. The slots for both top and bottom sets of valves are shown also at pl
Figure 1.
By this arrangement I do away with the old fashioned horizontal delivery
ammonia pump valves and as the delivery valves in my improved pump are
immediately over the suction valves I obtain a minimum of clearance spaces
wherein gas may lodge and so interfere with the working of the pump., Again as
the valves are all vertical they are much quicker in closing than the old-fashioned
horizontal valves. I connect the top delivery valve C Figure 1 with the bottom
delivery valve C¹, by a passage g' made on one side of the barrel of the pump as
shown at y Figure 2. The top & bottom suction valves " and dare connected
together in a similar way by a passage f. The delivery passage terminates in a
flange ueck a¹ and the suction passage likewise at 1, Figure 1.
The stuffing box gland at g Figs. 1 & 2 1 surround with a small container e for
water so as to trap any leakage of ammonia gas through the gland & also to
keep it cool.
Figure 2 shows a plan of the pump is the barrel, e' the water-container n¹ top
and bottom delivery and suction valve boxes, y chamber connecting the two valve
boxes together.
In working the smaller apparatus where the use of a pump is found inconvenient
I use an ammonia injector shown at Figure 4, Sheet IV. It is formed of two
conical vessels one inside the other so that the outside one leaves a narrow hollow
space or jacket round the inside vessel as shown at all. A cover 6111 with a
pointed nozzle pipe c is fixed to the inside cone as shown also a pipe outlet dis
fixed to the bottom of the inside vessel and passing through end of jacket is
attached to the generator by suitable couplings. When the injector is at work
the liquid from the absorber is drawn in through the inlet e by the rush of gas
from the generator through the nozzle pipe cand carried by it down the outlet
pipe dinto the generator. To maintain the constant action of this injector it is

page_text: mecessary to keep the contents of the inside vessel very cold so as to keep the rush
of gas down the nozzle pipe el constantly flowing in to a partial vacuum, a small
quantity of anhydrous liquid ammonia is allowed to flow into the hollow space all
from the receiver. The pressure in this jacket being less than that in the receiver
the liquid ammonia vapourises & in doing so, abstracts the heat from the inner
vessel, so maintaining a sufficiently low temperature round the nozzle pipe for it to
work continuously.
Before describing the working of my apparatus I may mention that this machine
is suitable for marine use. The old fashioned absorption ammonia machines'cannot
be used for this purpose by reason of the height of the different parts and the
necessity of these machines being absolutely steady & free from motion of any
kind; such as the rolling motion of a ship.
My invention, however, overcomes these difficulties, as the apparatus can be
placed within 8 feet of height and any niovement of the apparatus as would take
place on ship board would be beneficial to the action of the apparatus being made
use of to agitate & separate the gas from the liquid.
.
To work the apparatus herein before described & illustrated, as in the production
of ice, the cooling of liquids, air, or other substances, Figures 3 & 4 Sheet V.
After having arranged the various vessels & pumps & 'connected them together by
the necessary pipes in any convenient arrangement such as that shown in the
drawing; 1, then nearly fill the generator A with a strong solution of ammonia in
water or commercial liquor 'aminonia. Steam from any convenient source being
now turned on into the coil inside the generator through the valve L Figure 4,
heats the liquor ammonia and drives off the ammoniacal gas from its solution along
with vapour of water or steam. The ammoniacal gas & steam pass up through
the neck V Figure 3, into the analyzer B and' ascending between the rectangular
plates inside this vessel & through the nozzles on the same as herein before
-described (Figures 1 & 2 Sheet 1). The gas & steam rise to the top of the
analyzer & pass out along the pipe O Figures 3 & 4 Sheet V. into the rectifier
coil M. which is kept cool by means of cold water circulating round it' and inside
the closed tank E. in which it is fixed. The watery vapour rising with the
ammoniacal gas is here condensed into water and falls back into the dip pipe D'
Figure 2 Sheet III: and from there it' rubs back into the' generator through the
"pipe B. The ammoniacal gas now free from watery vapour passes into the
condenser coils N which are also kept cool by the cold water circulating in
the tank E. This gas condenses inside these coils into anhydrous liquid ammonia
at a pressure due partly to the temperature of the water in the tank E, it passes
in this state into the receiver G through the two pipes L'. When the receiver is
half full the liquid ammonia is allowed to issue slowly from it into the cooler F,
Figs 3 & 4 Sheet V. through the piper and so into the perforated pipe w Figuré 3
Sheet II. and through it on to the coils.
The pressure in the cooler being less than in the receiver, directly the liquid
ammonia enters the cooler it commences to vapourize and so renders latent a large
amount of heat which it abstracts in this case from brine circulating through the
coil a Figure 3 Sheet II. The brine being thus reduced to a very low temperature
is forced by the brine pump K Figure 4, Sheet V, which is an ordinary circulating
pump, through the coil mentioned above by the pipe s' and then through the
pipe to an ice box if ice is required or to cooling pipes if air is to be cooled or
to any place where the cooling medium is required.
To withdraw the gas from the cooler F Figs. 3 & 4. Sheet V. as fast as it is
formed and to maintain a low pressure in it sufficient to keep the liquid aminonia
continually evaporating is efficiently performed by the absorber Figures 1 & 2
Sheet II.
To accomplish this the absorber is kept'cold by theans of cold water circulating
through the coils inside it. In this case the overflow water from condenser
tank E Figs. 3 & 4 Sheet V. is allowed to flow through these coils by means of the
connecting pipe u¹.

page_text: The ammoniacal gas passes from the top of the cooler F Figs. 3 & 4. Sheet V..
through the valve e along pipe el to the chamber in the bottom of the absorber.C
shown at h, Figure 1, Sheet II., through a, nozzle & back pressure valve which
stands up inside the chamber as shown and is covered by a layer of weak ammonia.
liquor, and as this chamber is lower than the rest of the vessel it is always full of
liquor, whether the absorber be horizontal or tilted to a moderate angle. This is.
important as the ammoniacal gas lifts the back pressure valve & blows into a layer
of liquid quickly being absorbed by the same, any downward rush of liquor
through this pipe is prevented by the valve at once closing.
While the ammoniacal gas is thus blowing into the absorber C from the cooler F,.
a stream of weak liquor is allowed to enter the absorber through the perforated
pipe e, Figure 1, Sheet II, and falling in a fine spray over the coils f, absorbs all
the free ammoniacal gas, which is not absorbed by its first contact in the
chamber h, with the liquor there.
The absorption of the gas by the liquor liberates a large amount of latent heat.
and to remove this heat and keep this vessel cool is accomplished by the cold'
water passing through the coils as before described. This weak liquor is forced
by the pressure in the generator A Figure 1 Sheet I through the branch Z by
a suitable connecting pipe to the flange inlet on the heater D, Figures 1 & 2
Sheet II, and passing through this vessel parts with some of its heat to the liquor
flowing through coils, passes out through the pipen and the regulating cock i into
the perforated pipe e before mentioned.
As the weak liquor in the absorber becomes fully charged with the ammoniacal
gas it is drawn off by the ammonia pumps 1 Figure 4, Sheet V. through the pipe cl
which is connected up to the nozzle pipe in the chamber 9 Figure 1, Sheet II,.
which being lower than the rest of the vessel always retains a sufficient quantity
of liquor to maintain an even flow to the pumps. The strong ammonia liquor is
now forced by the pumps along the pipe w Figure 4, Sheet V, through the coil p,
Figure 1, Sheet II, inside the heater D, and in passing through it is heated by the
weak liquor flowing through the heater outside the coils and in an opposite
direction. The strong ammonia liquor passes from the coil at about 200° Fah..
and is pumped through a suitable connecting pipe into the top of the analyzer B.
Figures 1 & 2 Sheet 1, through the branch Q and into the perforated pipe P, and
flows through this pipe evenly over the top row of analyzer plates. The liquor
then flowing in and around the division strips 6", Figures 1 & 2 Sheet V. finds its
way to the dip pipes S Figure 1 Sheet I. and passing through them the liquor
falls from plate to plate flowing in its course over the whole surface of these plates
and around the nozzles and eventually falling down the pipe a into the generator A..
The strong liquor, however, in its course over the plates parts with the greater.
part of the liquid ammonia it contains which is driven off by being further heated
by the hot ascending vapour arising from the boiling liquid in the generator A,
which passing through the neck V rises upwards through the nozzles on the plates
in the analyzer B. carries forwards the ammoniacal gas through the neck R and so
onwards to the rectifier & condenser to be used over again in one continuous cycle;
being evaporated from the water and then after having been liquified & then
vapourized in the refrigerator is again re-absorbed by the water, and pumped back
again into the generator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The arrangement and construction of the analyzer with its system of
horizontal rectangular plates, its perforated pipe and central flange branches on
top & bottom as before described & represented in the accompanying drawings.
II. The design & construction of the analyzer plates, whereby I am enabled to
bolt a series of them together and place them horizontally in a horizontal cylinder

page_text: also the arrangement of strips fixed across the plates at intervals between the rows
of nozzles.
III. The design, construction and combination of the analyzer, heater and
absorber, whereby I am enabled to place them horizontally and also to fix the
analyzer on top of the generator, and the absorber on top of the heater as shown.
IV. The design and construction of the absorber whereby I am enabled to
place a perforated pipe above a set of pipe coils and also the outside connections
between the same perforated pipe and the heater and also the small chambers in
the bottom of the absorber with pipe connections into same, standing upwards
inside and which pipe connections are always thus under a layer of liquor even if
the absorber be tilted to a moderate angle.
V. The design and construction of the cooler whereby I am enabled to place. it
borizontally with its brackets & chamber & blow out pipe on the bottom, also the
arrangement of the perforated pipe inside precisely as shown and for the purposes
set forth.
VI. The arrangement and construction of the ammonia pump whereby. I am
enabled to place the barrel at an angle of 45°, with its system of delivery &
suction valves standing vertically over one another having a steel seat for both
valves in one piece with a narrow slot between suction and delivery valves leading
into the pump barrel. Also the spindles on suction valves with holes through
them to control the lift and the arrangement of parts by which the suction valve
may be taken through the delivery valve boxes:
VII. The design and construction of the ammonia injector having two cones
one inside the other and a hollow space between them for ammonia, also the system
of nozzle inlet & outlet pipes and branches precisely as shown and for the purposes
set forth.
VIII. The design, construction and combination of the rectifier & condenser
whereby am enabled to make the rectifier of a rectangular shape and fix it on
the top of the two rectangular condenser coils with the necessary connecting pipes
& the dip pocket pipe, enclosed in a tank and the receiver fixed outside substantially
as described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
IX. The combination and arrangement of the various connecting pipes & valves
between the various vessels as shown.
In witness whereof I the said Alfred Glasson have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty-fifth day of February in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and ninety-five.
ALFRED GLASSON.