CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WEAVING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
LAKIN, of Ardwick, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, and WILLIAM
HENRY RHODES, of Openshaw, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, did, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of October, in the
thirteenth year of Her reign, give and grant unto us, our exors, adñiors,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that we, the said Robert Lakin and William Henry Rhodes, our exors,
adiiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of fourteen
years therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of
Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
and Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING,
AND WEAVING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, that if we, the said Robert Lakin and William
Henry Rhodes, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High
A

page_text: Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all
liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease,
determine, and become void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Robert Lakin and William Henry Rhodes, do hereby declare that the nature
of our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
are particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and description, reference being had to the Drawings on five Sheets hereunto
annexed.
In the description and Drawings relating to each distinct machine or part
of machine to which our improvements are applied, the same letters and
numbers of reference are used to indicate the same or corresponding parts of
such machine in all the Figures relating thereto in which they occur. The
scales to which the Figures are drawn are stated on the Drawings.
Our Invention consists in, first, improvements in the apparatus used for
laying the slivers of cotton or other fibrous substances in the cans or other
receivers into which they are usually delivered from the carding engines,
drawing frames, or other machines used in preparing cotton and other fibrous
substances.
Secondly, improvements in spindles and flyers used in roving and slubbing
frames for preparing.cotton and other fibrous substances, and in the means of
supporting the same; and part of which are also applicable to the spindles
used in the throstle and doubling frames.
Thirdly, improvements in the mule and other machines for preparing and
spinning or doubling cotton and other fibrous substances of that class in which
the spindles approach to and recede from the drawing roller, and which are
usually known by the names of the mule stretcher and twiner or doubler.
Fourthly, improved means of giving the required drag to or upon the
revolving bobbins used in the machines called the throstle frame and doubling
frame.
Fifthly, improvements in the apparatus in looms for winding the cloth on
the cloth beam às the weaving proceeds.
We will now proceed to describe, in the first place, our improvements in the
apparatus used for laying the slivers of cotton or other fibrous substances in
the cans or other receivers with reference to the Figure 1'in the Drawings,
which is an end view (part of which is in section) of so much of a drawing
frame as is necessary to shew our improvements.

page_text: "
a are the drawing rollers; b is a roller stand; c, the roller beam; d, the
callender rollers; e is a conductor, near the top of which on each side is a stud,
and the conductor. vibrates on these studs, which are supported by bearings in
the fixing f. On the front roller is a wheel g, which gears into the wheel h,
which gives, motion to. the wheel placed on the shaft i; on this shaft is the
crank k. The connecting rod is fixed at one end to the crank and at the
other to a stud in the conductor e. Between the callender rollers d and
the conductor e is the fixed guide m, which guides the cotton as it is delivered
by the callender rollers into the tube of the conductor. n is a carriage, in
which, the cau o is placed, for the purpose of being traversed backwards and
forwards, parallel with the drawing rollers a, in the manner usually known as
the railway plan. As the sliver is passed from the callender rollers through
the fixed guide m and conductor e into the can, the conductor being kept in
vibration by the action of the crank 1, the sliver is laid in alternate layers
from one side of the can to the other, the range of vibration being made equal,
or nearly so, to the width of the can.
3
We have described this part of our Invention with reference to the drawing
frame only, as any competent mechanic will readily apply the same to the
carding engine or other machine to which the same are applicable without
further description.
*5*4
We will proceed, secondly, to describe our improvements in the spindles and
flyers used in roving and slubbing frames. These are shewn in Figure 2, which
is a plan, and in Figures. 3, 4, and 5, which are elevations, of a spindle and
flyer, and so much of. a. frame as is requisite to shew our improvements;
Figures 3 and 5 are shewn partly in section. In Figures 3 and 4, R is the
bottom, rail of a roving frame in suitable bearings, attached to which is
the shaft e, on which are placed the bevil wheels used for driving the spindles.
k is one of these wheels, and gears into the bevil wheel x, which in Figure 4
is shewn fastened to the, spindle S, and in Figure 3 to the spindle T. The
spindles in general use are solid, and run in a step in the bottom rail, as shewn
in Figure 4, and are usually supported either by a socket placed in what is
known as the copping rail (not shewn. in the Drawings) or by a bearing from
the top of the flyer. In Figure 3 is shewn a tubular spindle T, which we use
nstead of the solid spindle S, usually employed. For convenience, parts of the
pindles are represented in the Drawings as broken away. The upper end of
he spindle T is solid, and being made similar to those in present use, the
lyer F fits thereon in the usual way. P is a stationary spindle, fastened to
he rail R, either by the nut v,. or in any other suitable manner. At its upper
nd is formed a step, in which the part a of the spindle T rests;
'this' part wė

page_text: make of steel, and insert it in the solid part of the spindle by drilling a hole
therein to receive it. The inside of the spindle T is made larger than the
spindle P, except at the top and bottom parts thereof, which are bushed to fit
the spindle P, thereby forming bearings for the spindle T. By having bearings
at the top and bottom only, less friction is created than if the tubular spindle. T
bore upon the fixed spindle P the entire length. In Figure 4, S is a spindle
of the kind generally used, which we support by the tube O, bushed at the top
and bottom to fit the spindle. This tube being fastened to the bridge B, or
any other suitable bearing, and passing through the socket in the copping rail,
generally used for supporting the spindle, will be found to give greater steadiness
to the spindle than is given to it by the socket in the copping rail, as ordinarily
employed. This tube may be made to terminate at the top of the socket in the
copping rail, or at the top of the wheel used for driving the barrel on which
the bobbin is formed. In Figures 2 and 5, the upper part of the socket of the
flyer F is seen passing through and supported by the bonnet or plate C, which
rests in and is supported by the plate P, which we attach to the roller beam A
of a roving frame. On the neck or socket of the flyer below the boss of the
plate C we form a collar, which is dished out to form a cup to receive any oil
which may escape from the socket above. In the plate C we leave a slot to
allow it to be taken off without breaking the sliver which passes from the
delivering rollers to the flyer; we also leave one or more projections on it, which,
passing into notches in the plate P, prevents the plate C from turning round,
as seen in dotted lines in Figure 2. By this arrangement we are enabled to
give a support or bearing to the top of the flyer F, and through it to the spindle;
which support can easily be removed to allow the bobbins to be removed when
they are full. We have shewn so much only of the plate P as is necessary to
explain its use with reference to a single spindle and flyer, but we make it the
whole length of the frame, and of such breadth as to form a cover for all the
spindles and flyers in the frame. It is evident that the plate C, and the cor-
responding aperture in the plate P, may, instead of being circular, be made of
any other form, by which the plate P may hold the plate C, or any equivalent
substituted therefor, steady, and thereby give a support to the spindle. In
Figure 4, y is a wire, which moves in suitable bearings attached to the flyer F,
to the lower end of which the presser D is attached. The upper end of this
wire is bent into a book, to which one end of the spiral spring t is attached;
the other end being attached to the hooked part of the adjustable fixing n,
attached by a screw to the flyer. In this fixing is a slot, through which the
screw passes, by slackening which we are enabled to move the fixing, and
thereby regulate the power of the spiral spring t on the presser D.

page_text: In the third place we will descrive our improvements in the mule and other
machines of that class to which w have before adverted, and we shall describe
them with reference to the mule, as any mechanic conversant with such
machinery will be able readily to adapt them to such other machines. We
shall describe some of these improvements as respectively applied to two
forms or general arrangements of the mule. The first of these arrangements
we shall describe with reference to Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and
15 in the Drawings. Figure 6 is a side elevation, Figure 7 a plan, Figure 8
a front end elevation, Figure 9 a back end elevation, and Figure 10 another
side elevation, of such parts of the mule as are necessary to be shewn to
explain our improvements therein. Figure 11 is a side view of the rail and
builder and shaper plates; Figure 12 is a side view of part of the apparatus
for backing off; Figure 13 is a section, and Figure 14 an end view, of the
change clutch box and lever, herein-after described; and. Figure 15 is a plan
view of the apparatus for putting up the mule carriage. A are the frame
sides; B is the rim shaft, on which are fastened the rim or twist pulley 'C,
fast pulley D, bevel wheel E, and worm 79, and loose on which are the
loose pulley F (on the boss of which is fastened a pinion a) and the spur
wheel G, to which is attached the friction pulley G'. This pulley is bored
slightly conical to match the taper of the friction cone H, used for backing
off. This cone slides on the rim shaft, but is prevented turning round on it by
a key fastened thereon. a' is a double carrier, which geers with the pinion a
and spur wheel a²; I is a shaft, which we call the change shaft, on which are
fastened the spur wheel a³, the pinion 6, which geers into the spur wheel G,
and the bevil wheel c, which geers into the bevil wheel c', fastened on the
upright shaft J. On the change shaft are also the two halves of the clutch
box d. To the half which revolves loose on the shaft is an eccentric boss,
which passes through the lever f, as best seen in Figures 13 and 14. Through
this boss the pin e passes. On the fixing g is an incline, against which, when
the clutch box revolves, this pin is brought, and the incline acting on the pin
forces it outwards, and with it the other half of the clutch box, which slides on
the change shaft, but is prevented turning round on it by two keys fastened
thereon. The clutch box pin and eccentric are shewn in detached Figures 13
and 14. h is a cranked lever for putting the clutch box into geer. At the
lower end of this lever is a stud on which the lever i is placed; from this
lever is suspended the trigger catch j, which at its lower end has a stud which
hangs in a recess in the change rod Q. The lever i rests in a notch on the
top of the fixing K, which prevents the spiral spring 7 from putting the clutch
box d into geer except when required. The bevil wheel E geers into the

page_text: .. 2
bevil wheel E', on the boss of which is the pinion mand half of the clutch
box ; the other half slides on the front roller shaft, but is prevented turning
round on it by a key fastened thereon, by which means, when the two halves
are in geer, motion is given to the rollers. To the fixing 62 is fastened the
cannon 63, through the boss of which a shaft passes, on which are fastened
the pinions and o¹; and on the boss is the swivel 69, having a stud near the
end, on which are placed the bent lever P. and pinion o², which geers
with
the pinion o. To the bent lever pare attached the studs p' and p². On the
squaring and drawing-out shaft L is keyed the spur wheel o³, the drawing-out
band pulley r, and also a similar pulley at each end of the mule, not shewn
in the Drawing. K is a clutch box, the lower half of which is loose on the
shaft J; the upper half is at liberty to slide up and down the shaft, but is
prevented turning thereon by two keys fastened to it. At the lower part of
the boss of the lower half of the clutch box K is a pinion, w
which geers into
the
spur wheel M, which turns, on a stud fastened to the frame U. N is a
shaft, on which are fastened the levers N1, N2, and N. To the lever N¹ is
attached the spring o, used for moving the shaft N and the other levers
thereon; the lever N2 terminates in a fork which rests in a groove of the
boss of the friction cone H. The lever N³ is used for keeping the clutch box
K out of geer:
In the lever P is a slot through which a stud fastened in the
change rod Q passes. This rod rests at one end in and passes through a slot
in the fixing t, and at the other end is attached by a stud to the lever R; this
lever has a triangular projection, which not only acts as a weight, but forms an
incline for the bowl u, placed on a stud in the fixing, s, to act upon. The
ever R moves on the stud v, and is connected by another stud to the
notched lever T, which at one end passes through a slot in the fixing a..The
weighted lever w swivels on a stud in the fixing a. To this lever the bar z
is attached, in which is a slot for a stud to, pass through, to guide and keep the
bar upright. On the projecting top of the bar z the notched end of the lever
T rests preparatory to making the first change, herein-after mentioned. From
a fixing, fastened to the carriage end is suspended the trigger catch 1, which at
each run-in of the carriage, strikes the stud i' of the lever i, and causes the
third change, herein-after mentioned. On the shaft 2 are fastened the levers.
3, 4, 5, and 6; there is also loose on it the cranked lever 7. The lever. 3 is
connected by a stud to the lever P. In a slot of the lever 6. is fastened a stud,
which acts on the bent lever p. . The crank lever 7 swivels on the shaft 2; it
has a fork, which fits in the groove of the upper part of the clutch box K, to
put it in and out of geer. The lever 9 fastened on the shaft 10 is connected
with the lever 7 by the link 8. The shaft 10 turns partially round. in. two

page_text: •
fixings, one attached to the frame side and the other to the frame U. On it
is the lever 11, used for unlatching the rod 12. This rod is connected to the
forked lever 13, used for putting the winding-on catch box 14 in and out of
geer, and passes through a slot in the fixing 64. There is a notch on this rod,
which, resting against the fixing, prevents the spring 15 from drawing the
rod, and thereby putting the catch box into geer, until the lever 11 raises the
rod 12 in the slot of the fixing sufficiently high for the notch to clear it. The
lever 16, which vibrates on a stud fastened to the frame side, is connected by
the rod 17 to the lever f; the spring 18 lifts the end of the lever 16, on which
it acts upwards., 19 is an armed lever for traversing the driving strap on the
fast and loose pullies. To one end of the arm is connected the bar 20, which
at its lower end passes through as slot in the fixing q, fastened to the lever N³.
The stud 21, against which the stud: pl acts; is also fixed to the arm of the
lever 19. On a stud attached to the frame side the link 24 moves. The lever
23 is connected at one end to the link 24, and at the other has two studs,
between which the lever 5 passes, on which they rest, except when the lever
23 is raised by the fixing 22, when the carriage comes in. 25 is a spring, near
the end of which are two curved recesses, into one of which a stud from the
lever 19; near its lower end, alternately passes as the driving strap is traversed.
26 and 67 are fixings attached to the carriage end. U is a frame, fastened at
each end to the feet, to which the legs of the frame sides are fastened; V is a
rack, which slides in suitable grooves in the frame U. To the square A¹, used
to connect the two parts of the mule carriage, is attached the rack V', on
which is the incline y... Y, 'is a plate, which slides in suitable grooves in the
frame U, and to it is attached a stud, not seen in the Drawings, on which the
spur wheel X turns. One end of the rod W is placed on a stud in the rack
V, and the other end on a stud in the spur wheel M. On another stud in the
spur wheel M, and 'on a stud in the plate Z, affixed to the spur wheel X, the
rod W' is placed. To, the cross rails 28 and 29 is fastened the rail 27, in
which are two upright slots. 30 is the builder or faller plate; 31 and 32 are
shaper plates, connected by the rod 33. A stud passes through each of the
slots in the rail 27, and screws into the builder plate 30, and rests on the.
shaper plate; the slots being vertical, and not oblique as heretofore, the builder
plate can better be raised or lowered at one end without the other. 34 is a
ratchet wheel, fixed on the screw 35. On the rod 36 is the lever 37, and to
the rod is attached the catch 38 by a crank. The levers 39 and 40 move on
studs, and are connected by the rod 41. The forked lever 42 and the notched
lever 43.also move on studs in fixings attached to the frame side. 44 is
a spring, which acts on the lever 42; and 45 is another, which acts on the

page_text: lever 43. On the carriage end are the stop 46 and fixing 47. The wheel 48 is
fast on the faller shaft; it geers into the rack 49, which slides on the fixing S.
At its
upper end is a stud, on which is the bowl 50, against which the lever 51
at its upper end is held by the spring 52. At its lower end it rests upon the
builder plate 30, and is connected to the link 53, which moves on a stud in
the fixing S. On a stud in a fixing attached to the square A' is the bent lever
54, the lower end of which acts on the bowl 55 on the lever T, and makes
the second change, herein-after mentioned. At its upper end is a slot, through
which a stud fastened to the lever 51 passes, and on which stud is the bowl
56, which, when the carriage goes in, comes in contact with the fixing 57;
this fixing must be of such a bevil at its outer end that it will strike the bowl
56 as much later at each stretch as will be required to compensate for the
increased height of the cop on the spindle, the number of coils on the spindle
being less when the cop is nearly finished than at its commencement. The
crank 58 is fastened on the faller shaft, and to it is attached the chain 59,
which passes over the grooved pulley 60, and at the other end is fastened to
the squarc
A¹;
it is also attached to the excentric boss of the plate ratchet
wheel 61, which is loose on the tin roller shaft. The chain 59 is weighted
at sufficiently to turn the wheel 61 towards it, which it does until the chain
between the square A¹ and the boss of the wheel 61 is drawn tight, and pre-
vents its further progress; by this means, the eccentric boss of the wheel 61 is
drawn into the same position each stretch, so that in each stretch throughout
the entire formation of the cop the same amount of time only will elapse from
the commencement of the backing off to the chain 59 acting on the crank 58,
which is of importance. 62 is a disc, fastened to the tin roller shaft into which
the ratchet wheel 61 passes, and from the rim of which several catches are
suspended on pins, some of which, when the backing off takes place, fall into
the teeth of the ratchet wheel 61, and take it round with them so long as the
backing off continues; at all other times they slip over the top of the teeth.
65 is a lever, on which is a projection, which is drawn into the notch on the.
wheel M by the spring 66 when the carriage has completed its outward run, to
steady it while backing off.
Before proceeding to describe the operation of our improved mules, we may
observe, that as many parts thereof are well known and in general use, we have
not thought it necessary to describe such parts, except so far as to show how
they act in connection with our improvements. The first operation of the mule
is the coming out of the carriage, with which, or immediately after which, the
drawing rollers must commence the delivery of the rovings and the spindles
their rotation. For this purpose, the driving strap is traversed so as to be for the

page_text: greatest part on the fast pulley D. Motion is thereby given to the twist pulley
C, and thence by a band to the spindles in the usual manner. The clutch box
n and the pinion o² and wheel o³ being put into geer, motion will be also given
to the drawing rollers by the bevil wheels E and E', and through them, and
through the pinions m, o, o', o², and wheel o", to the squaring and drawing-out
shaft and pullies, whereby the carriage will be drawn outwards from the
drawing rollers, all of which motions will continue until stopped by drawing the
clutch box n out of geer, by raising the lever p and with it the pinion o² out of
geer with the wheel o³, and by traversing the strap on to the loose pulley.. The
clutch box n is drawn out of geer by the fixing 111 on the square A' in coming
out striking against the lower end of the lever 39, which pulls the rod 41, and
causes the lever 40 to act on the lever 42, and draw the clutch box n out of
geer, and the spring 45 causes the notch on the lever 43 to hold it out till
removed. The incline y raises the weighted end of the lever w, and thereby
pulls the projecting top of the bar z from under the notch of the lever T, which
then being at liberty, allows the weighted end of the lever R to push the lever
Toutward, till the notch coming in contact with the fixing x, its further
progress is arrested, and at the same time the lever R pushes the rod Q in the
direction of the arrow, and with it the lever P; and in so doing, the incline on
which the stud of the trigger catch j rests lifts the lever i from the notch of
the fixing k, and allows the spring 7 to put the clutch box d into geer through
the intervention of the lever i and crank lever h, which causes the first change.
The loose half of the clutch box now being carried round, the eccentric boss
on it raises the end of the lever f, on which it acts, and through the rod 17
causes the lever 16 by acting on the stud P¹ to raise the lever P, and with it
the lever 3 on the shaft 2, which also receiving motion causes the stud in the
lever 6 to raise the lever p, and take the pinion o out of geer with the
wheel o³. As the clutch box d is carried round, the pine coming in contact
with the incline of the fixing g is forced outward, which puts the clutch box d
out of geer, and at the same time moves the levers h and i into their first
position, and the lever i dropping down on the notched part of the fixing k,
that fixing prevents the spring 1 from putting the clutch box again into geer
until the lever i is again raised. When the lever p is raised, the stud p¹ acts
on the stud 21, and raises the arm of the lever 19, and by so doing traverses.
the driving strap wholly on to the loose pulley F, and the incline on the
upper end of the lever 19, passing under the swivel 69, prevents the pinion o
falling down into geer with the wheel o till the incline is withdrawn. The
bar 20 attached to the lever 19 is also raised so as to clear the lever 9; this
sets the lever N at liberty, on which the spring O pulls the lever N¹ down, and

page_text: A
with it turns the shaft N, and lever N, and puts the cone H into contact
with the pulley G, and causes the next operation, viz., that of backing off, to
take place. Just before the carriage has finished its outward run, the fixing
67 raises the lever 37, and thereby causes the catch 38 to move the wheel 34
one tooth, which causes the screw 35 slightly to push the shaper plates 31 and
32, and thus vary the position of the builder plate in the usual way. The strap
having been traversed on to the loose pulley, and the backing-off cone being
put into contact with the pulley G', they will revolve together, and motion
will be given to the rim pulley C and the spindles in a contrary direction to
what they had when the carriage was coming out, and the coils on the spindle
above the cop will be unwound. When this commences, some of the catches
in the disc 62 will take into the teeth of the wheel 61, and take it with them,
and in so doing the chain 59 will be wound on to its eccentric boss, and the
chain acting on the crank 58 will cause the faller shaft to 'rotate and with it
the wheel 48, which will raise the rack 49 and bowl 50. So soon as the bowl
50 is raised high enough to allow the upper end of the lever 51 to pass under
it, the spring 52 and the chain 59 will pull it under, and the chain will at
once cease to act on the faller, and the faller, being thus only depressed to the
extent required, will be less subject to any jerk or rebound. The lever 54
being also drawn forward with the lever 51, the lower end will act on the bowl
55 and lift up the lever T, so that the notched part, which when the first
change was made was left resting against the fixing a, being again lifted up,
the weighted end of the lever R will be again at liberty to push the rod Q
again forward, and with it the lever P, and the second incline on the rod
Qacting on the trigger catch and lever i, will, as before described, put the
clutch box d again into geer, and thus produce the second change, by again
causing the lever 16 to act on the stud P, and lift the lever P, which lever
having been pushed by the change rod Q, the stud P will have been brought
under the lever N', so that that lever will be raised with the lever P, and the
lever N¹ being fast on the shaft N, it and the. levers N° and N³ will be moved,
the lever N will draw the cone H out of contact with the pulley G', and the
backing off will cease, and the lever N³ being moved from off the lever 9, the
upper half of the clutch box K will by its weight descend and take with it
the lever 7, and by the link 8 that end of the lever 9 to which it is connected,
whereby the shaft 10 will be moved partly round, and the lever 11 on it being
raised, will raise the rod 12 high enough to allow the notched part which rested
against the fixing 64 to clear it, and thereupon the spring 15 through the
rod 12 and lever 13 puts the clutch box 14 into geer ready for the winding on.
These movements consequent on the second change being made, the next
j

page_text: operation, viz., the going in of the carriage and the winding of the yarn on
the cop, takes place. As the carriage is drawn out, the rack V' moves with it,
and motion is given to the spur wheel X, the rack V, rods W and W', and
spur wheel M, and when the carriage is out, they are in the position shewn in
black lines in Figure 15, and when the carriage has been drawn in, as here-
"1
12...
1
after described, they will be in the position shewn by red lines in the same
Figure. The clutch box K being in geer, motion is given by the pinion on
it to the spur wheel M, which acting on the rod W will force the rack V out-
wards, and acting on the rod W₁ will draw the spur wheel X inwards, by
which means motion will be given through the rack V₁ to the carriage, and it
will be forced inwards until the completion of the inward run of the carriage,
when the clutch box K is put out of geer, and the inward motion ceases.
During the inward run of the carriage, the winding on will take place, by the
chain connected to the nut of the screw in the radial arm, and to the winding-
on barrel, in the usual manner. As the carriage goes in, the bowl u acting. on
the hollow part of the lever, R will raise it, and cause it, to pull the lever T
so that the notched part of it will rest on the projecting top of the rod z it
will also pull the change rod Q and with it the lever P into their original posi-
tion ready to make the next required change. Just previous to the completion
of the inward run of the carriage, the bevilled end of the fixing 57 comes in
contact with the bowl 56, and forces the upper end of the lever 51 from under
the bowl 50, so as to allow the springs or weights usually attached to the faller
to raise it preparatory to the carriage being again drawn out, and thereby the
rack 49 and bowl 50 are lowered to their first position; the fixing 26 also
comes in contact with the stud.p, and removes the lever p, so that the lower
end of it shall not come in contact with the stud in the lever 6 when the;
third change takes place, as herein-after described; the lever 23 is also raised
by the fixing 22, to permit the lever 5 to act when the third change takes
place; the fixing 47-also comes in contact with the lever 43, and removes
the notched part of it from the lower end of the lever:42; when the spring 44
forces it outward against the stop 46.. Some parties preferring the carriage.to.
commence its outward run before the drawing, rollers commence their delivery,
in order to take up the slack yarn and prevent snarls, it will be evident, that
by the stop: 5
46, this can be regulated to the greatest nicety, for the stop can be
so,adjusted as to allow the lever 42 to put the clutch box n into geer at such
time after the carriage commences. its outward run as may be required. The
trigger catch 1 also comes in contact with the stud i', and causes it to raise
the lever i, and allow the clutch box d again to be put in geer, and make the
third change, which is done by the eccentric boss of the clutch box raising the
"

page_text: lever f, and thereby causing the lever 16 to act on the stud P¹, so as to raise
the lever P, and with it the lever 3 on the shaft 2, which being partially turned
round, causes the lever 4 to press on the end of the lever 13 and draw the
clutch box 14 out of geer. The lever 13 being depressed, also presses on the
lever 7, and draws the clutch box K out of geer. The lever 7 by the link 8
also raises the lover 9 at the end with which it is connected, and depresses the
other end below the end of the lever N³, on which the spring O pulls the lever
N¹ down, and causes the end of the lever N³ to come over the top of the
lever 9, which prevents the clutch box K from going into geer till the lever N³
is removed. The shaft 2 not only causes the lever 4 to act, but also the
lever 5, which, pressing against the stud on the lever 23, impels it against
and moves the lower part of the lever 19, and thereby causes the strap to be
traversed, so as to be for the most part on the fast pulley D, whereby motion
will again be given to the spindles through the twist pulley c, and the incline
on its upper end is at the same time withdrawn from under the swivel 69, and
the-pinion o is allowed to fall into geer with the wheel o³ to draw the carriage
out, and when the stop 46 is by the outward motion of the carriage removed
from the lever 42, the spring 44 acting on the lever 42 will put the clutch
box n into geer, and the drawing rollers will also again receive motion. Should
the lever 13 by any accident not cause the lever 7 to lift the clutch box K out
of geer, the fixing 68 is so arranged, that as the carriage comes in it will come
in contact with the lower arm of the lever 7 and raise the clutch box out of
geer.
The foregoing description applies to mules when twist is not required to be
put in at the head. We shall now proceed to describe the alterations requisite
in order to its being so put in. On the shaft 70 are keyed the wheel 71 and
pinion 72. The change wheel 74 is keyed on the shaft 73, on which is
fastened by a screw the collar 75, and loose on the shaft is the weight 76,
in which is a stud. On a stud from the upper end of the lever 19 is the
lever 77, through a slot in which the shaft 73 passes. The bowl 78 turns on
a stud.fixed to the lever 77. When it is required to twist at the head, the
stud 21, must be taken away from the arm of the lever 19, so that when the
lever p is raised, as herein-before described, to take the pinion o² out of geer
with the wheel o³, and thus stop the outward motion of the carriage, the stud
p! not having the stud 21 to act on, does not traverse the driving strap on to
the loose pulley, and motion is thereby continued to the spindles. The worm
79 being put into geer with the wheel 71, communicates motion thereto, as
also to the shaft 70 and pinion 79, which again communicates it through
the wheel 74 to the shaft 73. As the shaft 73 revolves, tho screw which

page_text: fastens the collar 75 to it also revolves; this screw is of such length that when
it revolves it will come in contact with the stud in the weight 76, and carry
the weight round with it until it has passed the perpendicular, when it will
descend by its own gravity, and the recessed part in it coming in contact
with the bowl 78 will force it away, and cause the lever 77 to move the lever
19, which will traverse the strap on to the loose pulley, when the rotation of
the spindles will cease, and the backing-off cone is put into gear, as before
described. By varying the number of teeth in the change wheel 74 any
required amount of twist can be given. The weight must be of such size that
the force of its descent will be sufficient to cause the strap to be traversed.
We will now proceed to describe our second arrangement of a mule, in
which, instead of backing off, we use the stripping motion, and put up the
mule by a scroll instead of by wheels, racks, and rods, as shewn in our
previously described mule. This arrangement we shall describe with reference
to the following Figures. Figure 16 is a plan, Figure 17 a side elevation,
and Figure 18 an end elevation, of such parts of the mule as are necessary to
show our improvements; Figure 19 is a detached elevation of parts of the
mechanism. On the rini shaft B are two keys, on which the pulley D¹ slides,
the keys preventing the pulley from turning round on the shaft; when motion
is given to it by the driving strap it communicates the same to the shaft. On
the side of this pulley adjoining the pulley F' is a conical projection, which
when the two pullies are together fits into a conical recess in the pulley F¹,
so that when the driving strap is traversed so as to be on both, and the two
pullies are put together, the contact of the conical parts of them will aid the
strap in carrying both round together. The pulley F is made with a boss, on
which is placed the rim or twist pulley C, and through the boss the shaft B
passes; the boss which turns in the fixing h5 forms a support for one end of the
shaft B. Qis the change rod, which slides at one end in a fixing 110 (shewn
in dotted lines in Figure 17), attached to the cross rail 29, and at the other is
attached to the weighted lever R, which moves on a stud attached to the frame
side; in this lever is the stud *. R' is a notched lever, vibrating on a stud in the
inner side of the frame A. This lever drops under the stud of the lever R,
and holds it up when required. The lever R2 is attached to the stud or shaft
on which the radial arm moves, and is used for raising the lever R as the
carriage goes in. One end of the lever Q is attached to the change rod Q;
the other has a projection, seen in Figure 18, and is pulled down on the
eccentric boss of the loose half of the clutch box d by the spring d³. The
cranked lever C³ moves on a stud fastened to the bearing piece A5. At its
lower end there is a stud which passes through a slot in the lever C4; this

page_text: .
1
lever is at one end connected by a stud to the cranked lever C", which lever
swivels on the shaft L, at the other end it passes through and rests in the
fixing co.
At the lower end of the lever p is a slot in which one end of the
lever passes. On a stud in the cross rail 29 the lever i swivels, at one end
Cú
of which is a stud, which descends into a groove in the driving half of the clutch
box d, and at the other end is the stud and trigger catch. The lever 19
is not only used for traversing the strap but for traversing the pulley D. On
the shaft s is the lever 80, on which is the swivel catch 81, used for holding
the break lever 82,off the pulley F¹, which lever moves on a stud in the fixing
83, and is drawn down by the spring 84.. The rod 85 connects the levers 82
and 86. On a stud in the frame side the lever 87 moves; to its lower end is
attached the rod 88. On the shaft 89 the eccentric 90 is fixed. The scroll
91 and spur, wheel 94 (into which the wheel 95 on the change shaft I gears)
are loose on the shaft 89.. Half of the clutch box 93 is fastened to, the wheel
94, and the other half slides on the shaft 89, being prevented, from turning
upon it by a key on the shaft. On the shaft B is the pinion 96, which geers
into 95. In fixings attached to the frame sides is the screw 96", on which is
the grooved pulley 97. On a stud in the fixing 98 the lever 99 moves; its
upper end is notched, and is used for supporting the lever during the inward
run of the carriage. The lever 99 is so adjusted on the stud, that the
gravity of its lower arm will bring the shoulder of the notched end under
the lever when the latter is sufficiently raised. On a stud in the fixing
100 is the lever 101, used for putting the clutch box 93 into gear. At its
upper end it is notched, and has the piece, which is forced against the lower
part of the lever 19 by the spring 102. On a stud in the carriage end is the
lever'n, to which the rod n at one end is attached, the other end being
attached to the cam no. This cam at its lower end moves on a stud attached
On the stud is a bowl, which rests on the shaper or builder
plate nº. The slide n³ slides in a groove in the fixing no attached to the car-.
riage end.
While the carriage is coming out, the lever n" rests at one end
on a stud at the upper end of the lever n, and prevents the counter faller
from rising; but when the stud of the lever n is at the completion of the
outward run of the carriage drawn from under it, the weights or springs
attached to the counter faller then being at liberty to act, the counter faller
rises, when the coils on the spindles above the cop are stripped off. On a stud
in the slot of the fixing 103 is the lever 104, which is connected with and
receives motion
on from the rod 88. From a stud in the frame side is suspended
the lever s³, a stud from which passes into a slot at one end of the rod s; the
other end of this rod is attached to one arm of the cranked lever s³, the other
"
to the slide n°.
i

page_text: t..
end of which acts on the lower end of the lever 19. The slot in the rod s is
for the stud in the lever to move in when the carriage goes in without
pushing the rod.
"In Figure 17 several of the parts we have described are shewn in dotted
lines. The rim shaft B is in this mule placed across the headstock, which
requires the introduction of the shaft E and wheels E³ and E' to transmit
motion to the drawing rollers and the squaring and drawing-out shaft L, and
the rim pulley is placed on the boss of the pulley F. With these exceptions,
the coming out of the carriage, the delivery of the rovings, and the rotation
of the spindles, is effected in a similar manner as in the first herein-before
described mule..
"
As the levers 40, 42, and 43, for drawing the clutch box n out of geer, and
the arrangement by which the pinion o2 is lifted out of geer with the wheel o",
and by which the strap is traversed on to the pulley D', are somewhat different
in arrangement and form from those previously described, we will now describe
their action. Just as the carriage completes its outward run, the fixing 111 on
the square A¹ strikes against the lower end of the lever 39, which pulls the rod
41, and causes the lever 40 to act on the lever 42, and draw the clutch box n
out of geer, when the notched part of the lever 43 will drop on to the lever 42
and keep it down, thereby holding the clutch box n out of geer until the lever
42 is liberated. "The fixing m' also strikes the lower end of the lever R¹, and
pushes the notched part of it from under the stud of the lever R, and allows
upper end to change the
the weighted end of it to descend, and causes the
rod Q and lever Q with it in the direction of the arrow, and in so doing the
trigger catch on the change rod Q is drawn under the stud of the lever i,
and lifting it up over the notch in the fixing k, allows the spring 7 to pull the
lever i, and put the clutch box d into geer, on which the eccentric boss on the
loose half being turned round, lifts the end of the lever Q', which rests upon
it,
t, and the projection on it having, when the lever Q¹ was moved, been drawn
under the projecting arm of the lever c³, that end of the lever is also raised,
and causes the stud at its lower end, to pull the lever c with it, which, being
connected by a stud to the cranked lever c, pulls, it also, and causes the end
on which the lever p rests to lift the lever p, and with it the pinion o², out
of geer with the wheel o; on which the upper end of the lever 99 comes
under the end of the lever, and holds it and the lever p up till taken
from under. "When the pinion o¹is lifted out of 'geer the outward motion
of the carriage ceases. The stud on which the pulley, A rotates also
comes in contact with the levers, the stud from which in the slot of the
od draws that rod with it, and the rod pulls the end of the cranked
"
+

page_text: On the side * of
on the shaft 89 is a pro-
levers, to which it is attached, and causes the other end of that lever
to act on the lower part of the lever 19, which lever will then traverse
the strap on to the pulley D', and the stud in that lever which enters into
the groove of the boss will also traverse that pulley from being in contact
with the pulley F. When the lever 19 is moved, it gives motion to the shaft
s on which it is fastened, and also to the lever 80, which being moved, the
swivel catch on it moves and allows the spring 84 to pull the break lever 82
on to the pulley F¹ and stop the rotation of the spindles. When the lever
c' is moved, as previously named, the notched part on it is brought opposite
to the notched part of the upper end of the lever 101 and sets it at liberty,
on which the spring 102 puts the clutch box 93 into gear.
that half of the clutch box which slides on a key
jection 112, with an arm turned towards the shaft, so placed that the projection
113 on the boss of the scroll passes between the side and the arm of the
projection 112, when the scroll is turned round by the carriage when coming
out; but when the clutch box is put into gear with the half attached to the
wheel 94, then as it revolves, the arm of the projection 112 will come against
the projection 113 on the scroll, and carry round the scroll to take the carriage
in. On the same side of the clutch box is also a catch 114, which turns on
a stud. Behind this catch and fixed to the same side of the clutch box is a
spring, which presses the point of the catch towards the shaft. This catch
must be so placed, that as the clutch box is carried round the spring will force
the point of the catch down in front of the projection 113 just previous to
its coming in contact with the arm of the projection 112, the object being to
hold the arm of the projection on the clutch box and the projection on the
boss of the scroll together. This arrangement is best seen in Figure 19. The
clutch box 93 being put into gear, it will communicate motion to the shaft 89,
and the eccentric 90 fastened on it will push the lever 87, and cause that lever
to pull the rod 88, and with it the lever 104, the upper part of which, coming
in contact with the stud in the cam n, pushes the cam, the rod no, and
lever n', forward, and the stud near the top of the lever n is thus withdrawn
from under the end of the lever n", which now being at liberty, the stripping
takes place, as before described, and the cam n comes in contact with the
bowl nattached to the rack 49 and raises it, and causes the wheel 48, into
which it geers, to move the faller shaft and put the faller down. This mode
of putting down the faller, by means of the surface of the cam no acting on
the rack 49, is much more steady and easy in action, and attended with less
strain on the parts, than in the modes commonly used. When the lever 87
is moved by the eccentric 90, the stud * on it under the lever 86 raises that

page_text: lever; the rod 85, and the lever 82 off the pulley F, and the swivel catch 81
being at liberty, the weighted end drops down, and the pointed end coming
under the end of the lever 82, holds that lever off the pulley F¹ till again
removed. The clutch box 93 and scroll 91 are so placed on the shaft 89,
that while the eccentric 90 causes 'the stripping and putting the faller down
to take place, the arm of the projection 112 on the clutch box will not come
in contact with the projection 113 on the boss of the scroll,' and; consequently,
the seroll will not be moved until those operations have taken place; but
while they take place; the clutch box being-carried round, the catch 11'4 'and
projection on it being also carried round, the catch passes over the projection
on the scroll, and the spring 115 presses the point of the catch down in' front
of the projection on the scroll, and the armi' of the projection on the catch box
also coming up, takes the scroll round with it; and through the bands on it,
which are also connected to fixings on the square A', the inward run of the
carriage takes' place, during which the lever R² raises the weighted end of
the lever R, and causes the upper end of that lever to push the rod Q and the
lever Q' back into their original position, and the winding on takes place by
means' of the chain connected to the nut of the screw of the radial arm 'and' to
the winding-on barrel in the usual manner. As the carriage completes its inward
run the following operations have to take place,' namely, the faller has to be
raised, the counter faller held down, pullies D' and' F put in contact, and the
strap' traversed; from being only on the pulley D¹ to be partly on both pullies,
the clutch box 93 taken out of gear, the pinion o put into gear with the
wheel o³, and the lever 43' taken from'off the lever 42, so that on the coming
out of the carriage, the stop 46 being withdrawn from the end of the lever '42;
the clutch box n'will be put into gear. These operations or changes will be
produced by the various fixings on the square A', and the fixing A³ (fastened to
the floor) coming in contact with the levers, as we shall now' describe. "The
lever n comes in contact with the fixing As, and is forced forward, and with it
the cam n is forced from under the bowl n¹² of the rack 49, whereupon the
springs or weights attached to the faller will raise it, and the lever n¹ being
depressed or held down by coming in contact with the fixing n¹³ attached to the
roller beam, the counter faller will be held down, and the stud at the upper end
of the lever n will, when the carriage is drawn'out, prevent the counter faller
from rising until the stud is again removed. The fixing h' comes in contact
with the trigger catch 3, which raising the lever i from the notch of the fixing
k; allows the spring 1 to put the clutch box d into gear, the eccentric boss of
which raising that end of the lever Q which rests upon it, lifts the projecting
arm of the lever 19; and causes that lever to traverse the strap, and put-the
B

page_text: pullies D and F¹ into contact; the lower end of the lever 19 also pushes the
piece of the lever 101, and draws the clutch box 93 out of gear, whereupon,
motion being no longer given to the scroll 91, the inward run of the carriage
ceases. The fixing A' comes in contact with the lever 99, and causes its
upper end to be drawn from under the end of lever c', whereupon the lever p
not being supported, the pinion o² drops into gear with the wheel o³, so as to
communicate motion to the squaring and drawing out shaft I.. The stop 46
also comes in contact with the lever 43, and removes the notched part of it
from off the levers 42, and the stop, still holding that lever down, prevents the
clutch box n from being put into gear until by the outward run of the carriage
the stop is withdrawn from off the end of the lever 42, and allows, the spring
44 to cause that lever to put the clutch box into gear. In the boss of the
grooved pulley 97 is a stud, which passes into the thread of the stationary
screw 96*, which must be of such a pitch, that as the pulley 97 is turned
round by the cord from the scroll 91, which passes over it, the pulley will
traverse lengthways on the screw opposite to that part of the scroll from
or to which the cord is being delivered to or from the pulley as the carriage
runs in or out, and the pulley will guide the cord and prevent it chafing on the
edge or flange of the scroll. Another mode of accomplishing the same object,
and also of preventing the chafing of the cords against each other, is the
employment of two scrolls connected together instead of one, the one of which
will be winding on and the other letting off a cord, by which means the cords
will not rest or chafe against each other. When two scrolls are used, each
scroll, as it will only have one cord to receive in its groove, may be made
narrower than when only one is employed. During the formation of the
bottom of the cop it is well known that the position of the nut in the radial
arm to which the winding-on chain is attached requires to be varied. At
the commencement of the formation of the cop, the nut is placed near the
bottom of the screw, and as the formation of the cop proceeds it is gradually
raised, which we accomplish by the following means:-B is a fixing,
fastened to the floor in a slot in which the rack B moves.
Loose on a
stud, on which the radial arm moves, is the bevil wheel t', on the boss
of which is the pinion to. Loose on a stud in the frame side are the wheel
t' and plate pulley e". On the boss of the wheel t' is a ratchet wheel, and
loose on a stud in the plate pulley is a catch, which when the pulley is
moved falls into the teeth of the ratchet wheel, and takes it and the wheel t
to which it is attached, round, and this wheel, geering with the pinion to, takes
it round also. The ratchet wheel and catch are shewn in the dotted lines, in
Figure 17. The cord B is at one end attached to a stud in the rack B³,

page_text: and at the other to the plate pulley e. The cord S', which passes over
the pulley S, is also at one end attached to the plate pulley, and at the
other to the weight S. This weight must be sufficiently heavy to cause
the cords to keep the rack B drawn up towards the radial arm as far as
the projection from the rack which passes through the slot will admit, except
when the rod S7, attached to a finger on the counter faller, draws the
rack in the contrary direction, which it does as follows:-When the mule is
winding on in the usual way, if the winding on is too tight, the yarn pulls.
down the counter faller, in which case the rod S7 descends, and the point of it.
coming in contact with one of teeth in the rack B5 (which is placed near the
termination of the inward run of the carriage, where the increased tension of
the yarn principally takes place), causes it to take the rack with it. The
cord B being drawn with the rack, it pulls the plate pulley and causes it to
revolve, on which the point of the catch on it falls on a tooth of the ratchet
wheel, and thereby gives motion to the wheel t, and through it and the.
pinion to on the boss of the bevil wheel to, which geers with and gives motion
to a bevil wheel fastened on the screw t³, but not shewn in the Drawings, raises
the nut e'. When the counter faller rises to its right position for spinning, it
withdraws the point of the rod S' above the teeth of the rack B, which being
at liberty the weight Se draws it back to its original position. This arrange-
ment is not only applicable to our secondly-described mule, where we have
shewn it applied, but also to our first-described mule, and other mules in which
the radial arm is used.
The following is an improvement which we apply to the. mule secondly
described, but which as it is equally applicable to other mules where stripping
is used, we have shewn detached in Figures 20, and 21-Between the
frame sides A is the cross rail 28, to which is attached the fixing g', in
which is fixed the screw. On one end of this screw the ratchet wheel a
is fastened. The nut 2 is on the screw, and receives motion from it. The
back of the nut 26 rests against the fixing g', which as the screw is turned
prevents the nut turning thereon, which therefore traverses on the screw. In
the nut is the stud on which the plate y rests. This plate moves' on a stud
in the fixing g'. On a stud at the upper part of the fixing g' is the lever s²,
from one end of which is suspended the catch ye, used for moving the ratchet
wheel. is a lever fastened on the counter faller shaft, on which it is so
placed, that when the carriage is out it comes over the highest part of the plate
y and rests upon it when the counter faller is raised. We vary the amount
of stripping during the formation of a set of cops by varying the position of the
high part of the plate y³, for it will be evident that the counter faller cannot

page_text: continue to rise after the lever comes' in contact with the. plate ..::This
plate must be so placed that it will, at the commencement of making each set
of cops, and when the nut is traversed so as to be at the end of the plate ys;
cause sufficient stripping to take place," which as the formation of the cop
proceeds will gradually be diminished by the traverse of the nut on the screw,
the stud in which acting on the under side will elevate the high part of the
plate; and thus diminish the rise of the counter faller. The form of the under
side of the plate can be varied to suit the quantity of stripping required. The
screw is turned by the counter faller shaft coming at each stretch into contact with
the'near end of the lever 27, which it depresses, and 'causes the catch yⓇ to move the
ratchet wheel one tooth. The number of teeth in the ratchet wheel must be
varied, to correspond with the fineness of the yarn, the nut being required to
traverse a corresponding distance on the screw, to suit the filling of the spindles..
The following is an improvement applicable to mules where stripping is
employed, as heretofore constructed; and which is intended to allow the counter
faller to rise gradually 'instead of suddenly, as heretofore; and slightly to
depress it again just as the faller is put down.
ed
Figure 22 is an elevation of a carriage end, shewing the stripping and
copping motions as usually employed, with our improvements added thereto:
a is a crank fastened on the counter faller shaft, from one end of which is
suspended the bar'b, which moves in the guide m. On a stud at the lower
end of this bar is a bowl, which rests on the plate 'c; fastened on the bayonet d.
When the carriage is out and the stripping takes place, the bayonet'd is inoved
by the faller lever in the usual way, and as it is moved it takes the plate c
with it, which is so formed as to allow the bar b to descend low enough to
allow the counter faller to rise high enough to strip off the yarn, and then to
raise the bar b, which will slightly depress the counter faller as 'the faller is put
down, so as to prevent breaking the yarn.
'
We shall now; in the fourth place; describe our inproved means of giving
the required drag to or upon the revolving bobbins in the throstle frame
and doubling frame, with reference to 'Figures 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, which are,
plans, and 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32, which are sections of a throstle hobbin; and
apparatus necessary to shew this part of our Invention.
In Figure 29, A is a bobbin used in thróstle and doubling frames for
receiving the yarn as it is spun or 'doubled; B is a bush in the rail C, the top
end of which bush is turned, so that the washer or plate D can revolve freely
on it without being in contact with the spindle, which passes through the bush
and bobbin in the usual way. In this washer are the pegs a, which, when the
bobbin is put on, pass into holes in the bottom of the bobbin, so that when
i

page_text: motion is given to the bobbin by the yarn which is wound round the leg of the
flyer on the spindle, it carries the washer round with it, and the friction of the
washer on the bush causes, a drag on the rotation of the bobbin, which thus,
winds on the yarn as it is delivered from the rollers: Flannel or other suitable
5 material may be used to assist the drag, if required, in the usual way. In
Figure 30, E is a bush fixed in: the. rail C. Near the top of the bush is a
groove; in which is placed the elastic cord m, which is fastened at each end to
the pegs i. These pegs are fastened into the loose washer'n, which has a flange;
through this washer the spindle passes. On the top side of the washer are the
pegs.a, which, when the bobbin is. put..on it, pass' into holes in the bottom of
the bobbin, as before described, so that when motion is given to the bobbin it
carries: the washer round; .and with it. the elastic cord; the friction of which in
the groove of. the bush Ecauses a sufficient drag for winding on the yarn as
it is delivered from the rollers. A non-elastic cord may be used in place of the
elastic cord m, by applying a spring to one end of it, to hold the cord in the
groove of the bush, and thus produce a drag on the bobbin, as before described.
Instead of a spring, the cord may have a small weight or lever F, as shewn in
Figures 26 and 31, which swivels on the stud c. To this lever the cord is
fastened at: one end, and when the bobbin revolves, the weight or lever Feby its
centrifugal. force. draws the cord in the groove. of the bush, and thus produces
a drag on the bobbin, as: before.
Figure 32 shows another way of producing the drag, by a circular plate
made of tin or other suitable material, on the bottom side of which are the
vanes. G. In this plate are two pegs, which pass through the bottom of the
bobbin, as before stated, so, that when the bobbin revolves it takes with it
the circular plate; the resistance of the atmosphere, acting against the vanes,
produces a retarding effect, which by being communicated to the bobbin, as
above stated, produces the drag; or the vanes G may be immersed in oil or
other, fluid when the rail or that part of the machine where the bush is fixed is
made in à proper: way for that purpose, and thus cause a greater drag than
when revolving in the air only.
Figure 28 shows a bobbin in a recess, at the bottom of which is attached
the flannel e to produce a drag, instead of being on the copping rail, as
commonly in use. Instead of the flannel e, leather, cord, or any other material
which will produce a drag, may be used. If greater drag is required than will
be given from the flannel in the recess shewn, it may either be made larger, or
another recess may be formed and supplied with flannel in like manner.
We shall, in the fifth place, describe our improvements in the apparatus in
looms for winding the cloth on the cloth beam. Thèse-improvements are shewn

page_text: in Figures 33 and 34, in which A is a weighted lever which moves on a stud in
the frame side of the loom. The cord C, which passes over the end of the
roller D, is attached at one end to the lever A and at the other to the roller E.
The cloth as it is woven goes partially round the roller E, and is then wound
on to the cloth roller D by the friction of the roller E, in the usual manner.
The weight B on the lever causes the roller D and the cloth on it. to be
pressed more firmly to the roller E than if resting on it merely by its own
weight. The weight B is moveable on the lever A, and may be placed at any
part thereon, and thus regulate the pressure. We apply a similar weighted
lever and cord at each end of the rollers, though we have only shewn them
at one end in the Drawings.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as of our
Invention the vibrating conductor, herein-before described, for laying slivers
of cotton or other fibrous substances in the cans or other receivers, into which
they are delivered from the carding engines, drawing frames, or other preparing
machines. And we also claim as of our Invention the construction and
application of a tubular spindle for carrying the flyer in roving and other
frames, as before mentioned, in place of a solid one, as heretofore used, and
which tubular spindle is placed and revolves upon a stationary spindle; and
also the use and application of a stationary tube to support the solid spindle
generally used for carrying the flyer; and also the means of giving support
to the spindles herein-before described with reference to Figures 2 and 5 in
the Drawings; and also the use and application of an adjustable fixing on
the flyer for the purpose of regulating the spring which acts on the presser,
and herein-before described in reference to Figure 4 in the Drawings. And
we also claim as of our Invention the improvements referred to under the
twenty following divisions, in reference to the machines for preparing and
spinning or doubling cotton or other fibrous substances, usually known by the
names of the mule stretcher and twiner or doubler (all of which we intend to
refer to under the name of the mule), that is to say:―
First, the arrangement and application of mechanism for transmitting motion
from the rim pulley shaft to the squaring and drawing-out shaft by means of
suitable geering, as herein-before described.
Secondly, the arrangement and application of mechanism for discontinuing
the motion of the squaring and drawing-out shaft, by throwing one of the
wheels transmitting such motion out of geer with the wheel previously driven
thereby, and which as practised by us we have described with reference to the
pinion o² and the connected apparatus.

page_text: Thirdly, the transmission of motion from the rim shaft to the drawing roller
shaft by the intervention of one pair of wheels only, and which, as practised
by us in the arrangement of the mule first described, we have described in
reference to the wheels E and E' in Figures 6 and 7, which we claim, however
the form and position of such pair of wheels may be varied.
Fourthly, the application and use of an adjustable stud, latch, or other stop
attached to the mule carriage, to regulate and determine the time of putting
into gear the clutch box, or equivalent connector, on the drawing roller shaft,
so that the action of the drawing rollers may be dependent on the outgoing of
the carriage, and commence with or after the same, according to the adjustment
of the stop.
Fifthly, the combination and application of the spring O, and levers actuated
thereby, for putting and taking the backing-off cone H into and out of the
friction pulley G', shewn in Figures 6 and 7.
Sixthly, the combination and arrangement of mechanism for depressing the
faller at the time of backing off, which we have herein-before described, with
reference to the levers 51 and 54, bowl 50, crank 58, and chain 59, and the
connected parts, as shewn in Figures 6, 7, and 8, or any modification thereof,
wherein the faller ceases to be depressed by the lever 51 passing under the
bowl 50...
Seventhly, the application and use of the bevil-ended fixing 57 (shewn in
Figures 6 and 7) against which the bowl 56 strikes at each run-in of the
carriage, thereby raising the faller preparatory to the next ensuing stretch, as
herein-before described.
Eighthly, the application and use of a weighted chain for the purpose of
drawing the eccentric boss of the wheel 61 (shewn in Figures 7 and 12) into
the required position at each stretch of the mule preparatory to the hacking off.
Ninthly, the combination, arrangement, and application of mechanism for
putting up the mule, as herein-before described, with reference in particular to
Figure 15.
Tenthly, the combination and arrangement of mechanism for putting into
and taking out of gear the clutch box 14 on the winding-on shaft (shewn in
Figures 6, 7, and 9).
Eleventhly, the arrangement and combination of the change shaft I (Figures
6,7, and 9), with the wheels and other mechanical parts fixed thereon or
connected therewith, in such manner that motion is given from that shaft to
the backing-off pulley, to the mechanism for putting up the mule carriage,
and to the clutch box d, which slides on that shaft, and through which the
change motions herein-before described are effected.

page_text: Twelfthly, the application and use of the clutch box d with its eccentric
boss (Figures 6, 7, 13, and 14), in combination with the rods; levers, and
mechanical agents acting on or acted on by the same, whereby, at the
several times required therefor, the changes herein-before referred to as the
first, second, and third changes, are effected, as herein-before described. In
the place of the clutch box, a friction cone and pulley, or other mechanical
equivalent for a clutch box may be substituted, and various, modifications and
substitutions of and for the accessory mechanical agents will readily occur
and may be used.without departing from the general plan of this part of our
improvements, all of which we claim as included within our Invention. In
describing our second arrangement of the improved mule, we have shewn
our modified application of this part of our Invention adapted to that form.
of mule in, which backing off is not required.
4.
Thirteenthly, the making of the slots in the rail on which the builder plate
moves, vertical, instead of oblique as heretofore practised.
Fourteenthly, the application and use, when twist is required at the head, of
the weight 76, in.combination with the connected mechanism, for the purpose.
of traversing the driving strap on to the loose pulley, as herein-before described,
with reference to Figures 7, 9, and 10..
Fifteenthly, the arrangement and combination in the same mule of, mecha-
nical parts, whereby the coils on the spindle above the cop are stripped off
instead of being uncoiled or backed off, and whereby the carriage of the mule
is put up by means of a scroll, as shewn by us in describing the second
arrangement of our improved mule. The stripping off and the putting up the
carriage by means of a scroll have severally been heretofore used in distinct
mules, and we therefore make no claim to the means of effecting either of
those objects severally; but we do claim the combination thereof in one and
the same mule, whether effected by such an arrangement of parts as we have
described or otherwise.
Sixteenthly, the depressing of the faller by means of a cam or incline acting
upon a rack and wheel, or upon other suitable, agents, so as to cause the faller
to turn downwards without the use of a knee joint or other joint, and which
as practised by us is herein-before described with reference to the cam no,
rack 49, wheel 48, and the accessory parts, as shewn in Figures 7 and 8.
Seventeenthly, the means of preventing the chafing of the cord on the
scroll 91 and pulley 97, Figures 16, 17, and 18, by causing that pulley to
traverse on a screw lengthways opposite to the part of the scroll from or to
which the, cord is being delivered; and also the means of effecting the same
object, and also preventing the chafing, together, of the two cords now usually

page_text: attached to one scroll, by the use of two scrolls connected together, and each
carrying one of the cords.
Eighteenthly, the arrangement and application of mechanism herein-before
described for raising the nut on the radial arm as the formation of the cop
proceeds in mules constructed with such radial arm.
Nineteenthly, the use and application of the plate y', Figure 20, acted upon
by the traverse of the nut on the screw, or any modification thereof, so as to
regulate and determine the amount of the stripping off according to the form of
the plate.
Twentiethly, the application and use of the plate a, Figure 22, to the
bayonet of mules in common use, whereby and by the intervention of the
bar b, and crank a, or other suitable means, the rise of the counter faller is
made gradual, being regulated and determined by the form of the plate.
And we also claim as of our Invention, the several means or contrivances
herein-before described, for giving the required drag to the bobbins of throstles
and doubling frames in their revolution.
And we also claim as of our Invention, the use and application of a
weighted lever and cord, in manner herein-before described, for the purpose of
pressing the cloth roller and cloth rolled thereon against the revolving roller
from which the cloth roller derives motion.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Lakin and William Henry
Rhodes, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
REMEMBERED,
on the Iwelft day of April, in the
year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid Robert Lakin and William Henry
Rhodes came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.