AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING SAWS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th November 1854.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING SAWS" to be,
as follows:-
The nature of this Invention of an Improved Mode of Constructing Saws
consists in constructing and arranging the teeth of a saw in such a manner
that each tooth shall cut its way clean through the wood without tearing or
forcing the saw, each tooth acting as a separate mortise chisel, and cutting
a chip or shaving of the same thickness as each tooth stands in advance of..
the one next behind it. In other words, instead of making all the teeth
in the same horizontal plane, as is usually the case, the planes of the
teeth are made to project successively, one below the. other from end to.

page_text: end of the saw, so that each tooth is caused to make a separate and
distinct cut, and produce a chip or shaving, like a common plane. These
saws may be used in saw mills or as hand saws. When hung in a ver-
tically moving gate, as in an ordinary saw mill, each tooth in turn, com-
mencing at the top of the saw, projects over the next one below it, a distance
equal to the depth it is intended to cut. In this case the saw is pulled
through the log. When used as a hand saw it is pushed through the wood,
and then each tooth in succession in rear of the front tooth is set deeper, so
that each one takes its own shaving, chip, or core. The size of the opening
between the teeth must be increased or reduced according to the length of the
saw and the size of the timber to be cut, so that each space between the teeth
shall be capable of holding the entire chip or shaving that the tooth behind it
may cut off. The sole or rest of each tooth is in the same plane, and as each
projects beyond the cutting edge of the one preceding it, the back of the saw
blade may be inclined forward or sloped, to make it of uniform width, or nearly
so; this, however, may be in any desired form without detriment to the saw.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th May 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
.EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administra-
tors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING SAWS," being a com-
munication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that. I, 'the

page_text: said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand.
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar'
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto 'annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
The nature of this Invention of "An Improved Mode of Constructing
Saws" consists in constructing and arranging the teeth of a saw in such a
manner that each tooth shall cut its way clean through the wood without.
tearing or forcing the saw, each tooth acting as a separate mortise chisel, and
cutting a chip or shaving of the same thickness as each tooth stands in
advance of the one next behind it. In other words, instead of making all
the teeth in the same horizontal plane, as is usually the case, the planes of the:
teeth are made to project successively one below the other from end to end of.
the saw, so that each tooth is caused to make a separate and distinct cut, and
produce a chip or shaving, like a common plane.
Fig. 1 in the accompanying Drawing is a side view of one of these im-
proved saws; and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the under or cutting edge of the
same. The dotted lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, represent the horizontal
cutting lines which the several teeth will describe in passing through a log of
wood. From this it will be seen that each following tooth cuts in a plane a
little below that immediately preceding it; the depth of cut to be made by
each tooth will of course depend upon the distance that the several teeth are
set-one in advance of the other. For very tough woods this distance should
not be so great as when softer woods are to be operated upon; and I would
here observe, that although in the Drawing I have shewn every tooth as set
in a different plane from the others, yet the object of this Invention may be
attained by arranging the teeth of saws in sets, (composed each of two or more
teeth immediately following one another,) so as to act in different planes; the
cutting edge of the saw will then consist of several sets of teeth, in which
the teeth of each set will be in the same plane, but the several sets of teeth
will be set in advance of one another, in the same way as the single teeth,
shewn in the Drawing. These saws may be used in saw mills to be moved by
power, or they may be used as hand saws. When one of these improved
saws is hung in a gate, and made to move up and down vertically, as in

page_text: an ordinary saw mill, each tooth (commencing at the top of the saw) will
project over or beyond the next one below it, a distance equal to the depth
it is: intended to cut. The saw arranged in this manner is pulled through
the log, but when it is used as a hand saw it is pushed through the wood;
and then each tooth in succession in rear of the front tooth is set deeper,
so that each one takes its own shaving, chip, or core. The size of the
opening, or space between the teeth must be increased or reduced according
to the length of the cut, the size of the timber to be cut, and the distance
between the horizontal-planes or cutting lines of the teeth, so that each
space or opening between the teeth shall be capable of holding the entire
chip or shaving that, the: tooth behind it may cut off.. The sole or rest of
each tooth is in the same plane, and as each projects beyond the cutting
edge of the one preceding it, the back of the saw blade may be inclined
forward or sloped, to make it of uniform width; or nearly so; this, however,
may be in any desired form without detriment to the saw.
.. Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to me as
aforesaid, and the means of carrying the same into effect, I claim constructing
saws in. such a manner that each tooth shall project, beyond the next one
below or behind it, a distance-equal to the depth it is intended-to-cut,-each
tooth having its forward edge or sole parallel to the edges or soles of the
other teeth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and 'seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
WE. NEWTON. (L.S.)"