CERTAIN NEW IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MILLS FOR GRINDING OF SUGAR CANES
Year: 1800

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
PATON, of the Parish of Christ Church, in the County of Surrey, Engine
Maker and Smith, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, in and by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of June, in the fortieth year of His
reign, for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give 'and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Paton, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Thomas Paton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Thomas Paton, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, ny Invention of "CERTAIN NEW IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
MILLS FOR GRINDING OF SUGAR CANES ;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said Thomas Paton, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Paton, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same to be performed (by the Plan
thereof drawn in the margin of these Presents) as follows:-
Premiseing first, that mills in general are put in motion by the power of
cattle, wind, water, or steam, I shall therefore first describe my improved
horizontal mill shewn in the Plan Fig. 1, side elevation Fig. 2, end elevation
Fig. 3, and end elevation Fig. 4, with my method of connecting it with the
improved motion of steam engine, shewn in end elevation Fig. 5 and side
elevation Fig. 6; also with water, wind, or cattle, that is to say:-The two
bottom rollers, which may be made of iron or brass, and any length or diameter
convenient, with wrought iron spindles (if not made solid) fastened with cones
and tongues, as in the section Fig. 7, or with square holes and wedged, are laid
in a horizontal direction upon brass bearings placed upon the cast iron or brass
cistern Fig. 8, between eight screwed standards, four of which are seen in the
view of the end elevation Fig. 3, and marked a, a, a, a, above which are
placed the two top rollers, which are pressed down at pleasure by the screws
cut on the ends of the standards a, a, a, a, or by a key or wedge, on which
may be put a lock as in Fig. 9. I then hang the wheels c, c, e, e, in Fig. 4,
upon the end of each roler, and between the wheels of bottom rolers put the
shaft D, with a wheel b, b, upon the end of it, to work between the wheels on
bottom rolers c, c, which also turns the top roler wheels e, e. But if the place
and building, where the mill is put up, will allow it, I put 4 coupling shafts to
the opposite end of the rolers, about 3 or 4 feet long, with wheels put upon
the end further from the roler, so that the rising or falling of the top roler
cannot at all effect the cogs of the wheels. The size of all the roler wheels to
be guided by the diameter of the rolers, except the wheel b, which may be
varied at pleasure. The manner of connecting this mill is the same in water
as wind, except in the water wheel. The wheel g is placed at a proper height
to allow the small wheel fixed upon the water wheel shaft to work directly
under it and the wheel on windmill shaft to work above it. But in a cattle
mill it requires an extra upright shaft with a horizontal wheel fixed at a given
height to work into the wheel g. The method of applying the steam engine,
-which-works-without-any-beam, having a crank laying in a horizontal direction
across the cylinder, with a wheel which turns the fly of the engine hung on one
end of it, and a wheel for turning the wheel g of the sugar mill on the other,
as clearly shewn in the end elevation Fig. 5, with a mill I attached, and side
elevation Fig. 6. The manner in which the feeding boards H, H, H, H, H, H,
are fixed to the horizontal mill are shewn in Fig. 1, 3, 4. Fig. 9, one of the
horizontal rolers with the spindle in it. Fig. 10 one of the roler wheels.
Fig. 11 front view of the wheel hung on shaft D, which works in the crank

page_text: wheel of steam engine, or in the tail wheel of windmill shaft, or wallow wheel
of watermill. Fig. 12, 12, plan and elevation of the iron in which the brass
coupling fixed, which the top roler gudgeon runs in. Fig. 13, 13, the top
brasses. Fig. 14, 14, the bottom brasses. Fig. 15, 15, the nut of standards.
The vertical mill is composed as in the common way, with three rolers, as
Fig. 16, the middle one being smaller than the two side rolers. The rolers
and spindles are fitted together in the same way as Fig. 7; but the wheels,
being let close down upon the ends of the rolers, I have holes left in them to
receive studs or pieces which is cast solid under the arms of the wheels, and
exactly fill these holes, as section, Fig. 17, which is to prevent the wheel or
spindle from turning round without the roler, and preserve it from getting
loose. In addition to the tongues in the spindles, the three rollers in Fig. 16,
k. k, k, is fixed in the links 1, 1, between the brasses m, m, m, shewn in Fig. 18,
and forced together to any distance with the keys or wedges n, n, in the ends
of which are put padlocks o, o, Fig. 18, to prevent the mill from being
unbraced at any time without the knowledge of the overscer.
The same
method is observed in the bottom keys, which may be, with the link in which
they are placed, either fixed above the cistern p, as in Fig. 16, or under it, as
in Fig. 19, in which case the steps will be fixed in the cells of the mill floor,
and the cistern will have holes to admit the bottom necks of the gudgeons to
pass through it. But where the cistern is put below, the steps are fixed in it,
and also the 4 standards or columns, which carry the top link, may be fixed to.
it in the same way as in Fig. 2, 3, and 4, in the horizontal mill, with the
spout for carrying off the liquor passing under them, as in 7, Fig. 20. The
wheel on the main roler may be made with cogs in the common way, or with
a lantern wheel, with the staves to turn round on their own.bearings between
two heads, or have the staves made fixtures, and brass boxes bored and fitted
to the turned staves to revolve round the staves, as in Fig. 21 and 22. The
vertical mill is applied to cattle in the common way, as in Fig. 16, to the
steam engine, as in Fig. 23 and 24; and if the wheel upon the crank S,
Fig. 28, be supposed to be hung upon the tail of a wind shaft, the application
will be the same. To apply it to a water mill, the wheel t, Fig. 24, must be
reversed and hung under the mill Fig. 24, in order to gain height for the
liquor to run off into the boilers. The dumb returner, which I make of plate
iron or wood, lined with lead or copper, Fig. 23 and 24, I fix between the rails
w, Fig. 18, with hinges at bottom and a latch at top, so that it may be let
down at pleasure to clean. Fig. 25 is the plan of the bottom cistern of the
vertical mill; v, v, v, the square boxes for steel steps; w, w, w, w, w, w, the
holes in the ears of cistern for screwing it to the cells of the mill; x, x, x, x

page_text: the ears which the pillars or columns are fixed in. Fig. 26 the plan of
links before the brasses are put in. Fig. 27, elevation of side roler with wheel
and spindle fitted. Fig. 28, elevation of main roler with wheel and spindle
fitted. Fig. 29, plan of side roler wheel. Fig. 30, end view of side roler.
Fig. 31, end view of main roller. Fig. 32, plan of main roler wheel. Fig. 33,
side view of lantern wheel. Fig. 34, plan of lantern head. Fig. 35, clevation
of cone of roler spindle. Fig. 36, end view of cone of roler spindle. Fig. 37,
feeding board.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Paton, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Fourteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred.