CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TREBLE CLOTHS BY HAND OR POWER
Year: 1839

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
NAYLOR, of Copley Mill, near Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
and JOHN CRIGHTON, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Sixteenth day of December, in the third year of Ier reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto us, the said David
Naylor and John Crighton, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that we, the said David Naylor and John Crighton, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, and
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WEAVING SINGLE, DOUBLE, AND TREBLE CLOTHS
BY HAND OR POWER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
that we, the said David Naylor and John Crighton, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery,
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto bad, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
David Naylor and John Crighton, do hereby declare that the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
particularly described and ascertained in and by the Drawings bereto annexed,
and the following explanation thereof (that is to say):-
Our improvements in machinery for weaving single, double, and treble
cloths by hand or power, consist in certain novel and peculiar arrangements of
mechanism or apparatus, and the application of the same in combination with
the various essential working parts of ordinary looms, for the purposes of
effecting :-
Firstly, a great facility and accuracy in the mode of lifting or lowering
the shuttle boxes to or from the level of the shuttle race in those looms.
where two or more shuttles are employed, either for the purpose of weaving
two or more colours, kinds, or qualities of weft, or for weaving double and
treble cloths, and also in the mode of working the picking motion" by means of
the jacquard machine.
Secondly, in the application of a lever or bar at each side or selvage of the
cloth, for the purpose of holding or securing the weft thread as the lathe
returns after beating up, in order to form a perfect and even selvage in double
or treble cloths.
Thirdly, in a novel and peculiar construction of apparatus for the purpose
of stopping the ordinary evolutions of the power loom, either when the weft
thread breaks or is not put in such motion, being in connection with the
jacquard machine, which is thus caused to stop the loom.
Fourthly, with peculiar reference to those looms, wherein the ordinary
jacquard machine is employed to work the pattern or figure, our improve-
ments consist in the application of certain additional lifting or hooked
wires, and also their balance weights to those particular pattern cards in
the machine which are employed to work or lift the warp threads when the
lightest or smallest number are lifted, or employed in forming the figure in
order to equalize the lift of the warps in that part of the pattern wherein the
heaviest or largest number of threads are employed, that is, the lightest card,
or that which contains the smallest number of pattern holes, is so pierced at its
ends that it will take up so many of the additional balance weights as shall
equalize the lift to the heaviest card, or that pierced with the greater number
of pattern holes.
And, lastly, in weaving double or treble cloths, such as carpets &c., our
improvements consist in "reading on" or piercing the cards with holes for
working both the pattern or figure, and also the ground or plane upon the

page_text: same card, instead of having the cumber board divided and partially lifted to
work the ground or plane, as commonly done in weaving such cloths. But in
order that the several improvements in weaving may be more perfectly under-
stood, we have attached to these Presents two Sheets of Drawings, containing
such views of a loom, with our improvements applied thereto, as will fully
illustrate the object and intention thereof, and have marked the same with
figures and letters of reference, similar letters being placed upon corresponding
parts of the mechanism in all the Figures.
In Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a front view
of a power loom arranged for the purpose of weaving a double cloth, as, for
instance, an ordinary Kidderminster or Scotch carpet. Fig. 2, an end or side
view, and Fig. 3, a plan or horizontal view of the same as seen from above,
and a partial back view of which is shewn at Fig. 4. Although our improve-
ments only relate to certain portions of weaving machinery, we have shewn a
loom complete in the Drawing, for the purpose of rendering the application of
such improvements more apparent; and also, although we have only shewn
them as adapted to a loom for weaving a double cloth, yet it will be sufficiently
evident to the practical wearer how they may be individually and respectively
applied to machinery for weaving single, double, or treble fabrics, and conse-
quently a detailed description of every such variety of weaving will not be
necessary.
Firstly, the shuttle boxes in Figures 1, 2, and 3, a, a, represents the warp
beam, from whence the warp threads proceed through the harness b, b, and
reed c, c, in the vibrating lathe d, d, over the guide or tension roller e, e, to the
cloth or work beam ff; the whole of which is supported as usual in the side
and cross framing g, g. Now, the first part of our improvements, namely, the
lifting and depressing of the shuttle boxes h, h, with their shuttles i, i, to or
from the level of the shuttle race in the vibrating lathe d, d, is thus effected:-
Upon a horizontal shaft j (driven by means of the wheel k and pinion / from
the main driving shaft m,) there is keyed a tappet n, which as it revolves acts
upon the tail of a lever o, having its fulcrum in the upright p; the other end
of this lever is connected by means of the rod q to the lever
its fulcrum in the horizontal shaft s mounted in the framing; at each end of
this shaft s, levers t and u are attached and connected by rods and chains v, v,
passing over the pullies w, w, to the rods a, a, attached to the shuttle boxes
h, h. In weaving those descriptions of single, double, or treble fabrics where
any greater number of shuttles are required than one or two, as just described,
our improvements consists in another arrangement of mechanism for lifting or
lowering the shuttle boxes to or from the level of the shuttle race, by means
above, having

page_text: i
of the jacquard machine in connection with the ordinary movements of the loom.
In Sheet 2 of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a partial front view of a loom with
five shuttles; and Fig. 2 is a side view of the same seen partly in section.
a, a, is part of the ordinary framing of the loom supporting the vibratory
lathe b, b; which is worked to and fro by the crank shaft as in common looms.
The five shuttles 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, are shewn in their respective shuttle boxes, the
shuttle 1 being upon the level of the race of the lathe or slay. Now, in
order to lower the shuttle boxes, so as to bring the shuttle 2 upon the same
level after the shuttle 1 has completed its prick, the lathe or slay having a
stud or pin e fixed in one of its arms, carrying a stud wheel d with four studs
placed at equal distances upon it, will as it vibrates bring one of the studs or
pins (see detached Figure 3) against the hooked end of the vibrating lever
e, e, which causes the stud wheel d to turn one-fourth of a revolution by
means of the bevilled pinion f fixed upon the same stud c, gearing into the
bevilled wheel g, carrying at its back a chain roller h, around which the
chain passes in connection with the frame k, carrying the boxes, and thus
cause the shuttle boxes and shuttles to be lowered the requisite distance, when
the shuttle will take the position formerly occupied by the shuttle 1, and so
on, until the top shuttle box arrives at the same level. In order to keep the
stud wheel d in a state of rest whilst the pick is being performed, the angles
upon its rim or extremity act against the T head of the sliding bar 7, thus
depressing it until the angle has passed the centre, when the helical spring m
around the bar causes the bar to ascend and holds the stud wheel d firmly.
This apparatus is also provided with chain pulleys n, n, and chain and cord o, o,
and counterbalance weight p for the purpose of assisting the rise and fall of
the boxes. The shuttles boxes having thus all been lowered their gradual
rise is now required. As the jacquard lifter or hooked wire q is raised by the
griff or grate it vibrates the bell-crank lever s, and thus by the rod t shifts
the lever a slightly, and allows the tail piece of the hooked lever to rise by
the action of the inclined plane v (which is fixed to the arm of the vibrating
lathe, (depressing the pin w upon it, the lever e, e, is kept out of gear with
the stud wheel by means of a small hook upon the lever u.
The upper
hooked lever e¹, el, is now brought into operation for the purpose of raising the
boxes, which is done by a similar action of the lifter or booked wire a dis-
engaging its tail piece by means of the bell-crank lever y. The hook at its
extremity being thus brought into gear with the stud wheel d at the opposite
points of action to the lever e will of course reverse the motion of the stud
wheel and bevil wheels f and g, and consequently effect the rising of the
boxes, and so on alternately.

page_text: The "picking motion".-The means of working the "picking" motion on
that portion of the loom designed for the purpose of inspecting the shuttle
across by the jacquard machine are as follows:-In Sheet 2, Figs. 1 and 2,
the ordinary levers for lifting the griff or grate of the jacquard apparatus are
shewn by dots at 6, 7, 8, (and are drawn in their relative situation in the
loom at Fig. 2, Sheet 1,) their main fulcrum being the shaft g. Upon the
shaft g (which extends across the loom) a lever 10 is fixed at or near each
end, and which with the lever 11 and bell-crank lever 12 are drawn in the
position to strike the picker 13 as the slay b, b, yibrates after the picker 13
has been thrown into contact with the tail of the lever 12 it is disengaged in
order that the picker upon the opposite side of the loom shall be similarly
acted upon. This is effected by the lever 10 as it descends striking the pin
14, and thus throwing the lever 12 back against the catch upon the lever 11,
where it is held until the jacquard lifter 15 as it ascends causes the pulley 16
to revolve by means of the cord 17. This pulley being fixed upon the shaft
18, which carries at its other end the small excentric 19, will as it revolves
throw the catch lever 11 upwards, and thus relieve the lever 12, which will
now fall again into the position to strike the picker.
Secondly, the selvage levers.-In order to form a perfect selvage in weaving
double and treble cloths, we have applied to looms for this purpose a notched
lever or bar to hold or secure the weff thread at each side while the return
pick is being performed. This apparatus is shewn in Sheet 1 in the detached
Fig. 5 at a larger scale, and in its relative situation in the loom in Figs. 1,
2, 3, and 4. Part of the front framing of the loom is shewn at g, to which
is attached the carrier 20, supporting the fulcrum of the selvage lever 21.
The weft thread is shewn by the red line, and it will be seen that as the
reed c, c, vibrates to beat up, the thread is caught or held by one of the
notches or shoulders on the lever 21, and thus secured until the reed advances
close to the work when the griff or grate of the jacquard machine is lifted
to perform the shed, which being with the cords 24 attached to the end of
notched lever, the lever is thus raised and the weft thread disengaged just at
the time the reed has touched the work and secured the selvages in a firm
and even state.
Thirdly, the stopping motion.-The mechanism or apparatus for stopping
the loom or throwing it out of gear with the driving power, either when the
weft thread breaks or is not put in is also shewn in the same Figures and
worked in connection with the jacquard machine. Upon the same pin or
fulcrum as the selvage levers 21 are placed the ends of stopping levers 23,
which are raised and lowered by the cords and levers 22, which are held by

page_text: the catch until it is liberated by the lifting of the machine at the time it is
wanted by means of the outer lifting wires 25 in the jacquard machine (seen
best in Fig. 4). A small weight 26 suspended upon the levers 23 at each side
of the loom, and sliding up and down between the reed as the levers rise and
fall, rests at every beat of the reed upon the weft thread just put in, and it
will be seen that if the thread is absent either from being broken or any
other cause the weight 26 will descend into the recess 27 in the lathe, and
thus bring the extreme end of the lever 23 (shewn by dots) against a knot or
bearing in the cord 28, which being pulled disengages the catch levers 29
(Fig. 4), when the helical spring 30 collapsing draws the cord 31 tightly,
this cord 31 passing through an eye in the jacquard needle 32 (Fig. 5)
causes that needle to slide the hooked lifter 33 into the action of the griff or
grate, which, as it descends, pulls up the cord 34, actuates the levers 35, 35,
and thus prevents them striking the picker, at the same time the cord 34
also causes the shaft 56 to revolve and wind up the cord 37, pulling the bell-
cranks 38, 38, disengages the spring 39 on the setting on rod 40, and allows
a stud 41 to be opposed to the projection 42 on the lathe as it beats up,
which will throw the strap lever 43.opposite to the loose pulley.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 4 shows a plan of the jacquard machine, and the red line
represents the stopping cord 31 (see the arrows) bringing the stopping lifter
33 into gear with the lifting griff or grate, and thereby throwing the picker
lifter 15 and the shuttle lifter 7 and a out of gear with the griff.
Fourthly, the mode of equalizing the lift of the pattern cards is accom-
plished by "reading on " in the pattern card certain additional needles and
wires, and attaching thereto additional balance weights 44 (see Fig. 1) in
connection with those cards which have the lightest lift or smallest number
of pattern holes in them, as before explained.
"
And, lastly, our improvements consist, as before stated, in "reading on "
or piercing the pattern cards with holes for working both the pattern or
figure and also the ground or plane upon the same card instead of having
the cumber board divided and partially lifted to work the ground or plane as
commonly done in weaving double or treble cloths, and the figure or pattern
only worked by the jacquard machine.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Naylor and John Crighton, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fifteenth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.
DAVID (L.S.) NAYLOR.
JOHN (L.S.) CRIGHTON, JUNE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of June, in the
third year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said David
Naylor and John Crighton came before our said Lady the Queen in Her
Chancery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every
thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the
instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made
in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the
Third.
Inrolled the Sixteenth day of June, One thousand eight hundred and
forty.