matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1864.
I, JOHN WATSON, of Lombard House, George. Yard, in the City of London,
F.G.S., Consulting Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCARBONS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
hydrocarbons, and consists in manufacturing hydrocarbons from the upper and
middle lias shales, a material not hitherto employed in this manufacture.
For this purpose lias shale is placed in retorts or vessels, and subjected to the
action of a low red heat, by which the hydrocarbon products are distilled over,
and they are condensed in like manner to that in which hydrocarbons obtained
from other minerals have before been condensed. It is preferred to employ
the gases passing off from blast furnaces as the means of applying the requisite
heat to the lias shale, but other means of applying heat may be used in place
thereof. The hydrocarbons thus obtained are of a superior class or character,
and the lias shale is found to give off freely large quantities of such hydro-.
carbons at comparatively small cost.
IMPROVEMENT OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leetch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd November
1864.
I, JAMES LEETCH, Gun Maker, of 315, Oxford Street, London, W., do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for the "IMPROVEMENT OF
BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS AND CARTRIDGES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as
follows:-
I make any description of guns, pistols, or other fire-arms in the ordinary
manner with the exception of the breech, which I construct on an entirely
new principle of breech-loading. I first bore a hole through the breech in
line with the bore of the barrel, slightly larger than its diameter, to enable a
cartridge to be pushed into the barrel; I then cut an elongated slot through
the breech at right angles with the barrel, see Fig. 1, into this slot I dovetail
a sliding breech piece of steel or other metal, Figrs. 2, which is acted on by
the bent arm or lever, Fig. 3, passing through it on the right-hand side, and
secured by a pin to the breech in the rear of the sliding breech piece; this
bent arm or lever working on the pin as a centre acts on the sliding breech
piece and causes it to move to the right or left as required for opening or
closing, as shown in Fig. 4. When the lock is at half cock the lever is drown
out by the right hand, the barrel is then open to receive the charge; the lever
is then pressed home to the side of the barrel which closes it, the sliding breech
piece forming a perfectly safe, solid, and gas-tight breech. The ordinary percus-
sion cap or a cartridge containing the means of ignition may be used. By

page_text: this simple arrangement of the lever, firing is prevented till the breech piece
is securely fixed into its proper place.
My improvements in ammunition consist in removing the cap and exploding
pin in the pin cartridge from the centre (where it obstructs the sight) to
about of an inch to the right of it, Fig. 5; and in using in, on, or attached 5
to any description of cartridge at its base a ring of india-rubber, silk, or other
flexible material, for the purpose of preventing the escape of the gases evolved
by the explosion of gunpowder. The fire-arms herein above described may
be used as muzzle-loaders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WINDOWS
Year: 1864

page_text: February 1864.
I, The Honorable JANE ELIZABETH TUCHET, of Liverpool Street, Dover,
5 in the County of Kent, Spinster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WINDOWS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cleaning
windows, being so arranged as to facilitate the cleaning of the exteriors of
windows from the interior, by which all personal danger is avoided to those
engaged in the operation. The apparatus consists of a long handle of wood
or other material to which is attached a tube or pipe, also short piece of steel
or spring, the whole measuring about 8 feet in length and 3 inches in circum-
ference. A cord from one end of the pipe directs the water towards the
window as required, the other end of the pipe being secured to a pump of
sufficient force to propel the water. A trough receives the water as it flows
from off the window, and is by means of a pipe conducted back again into the
bucket from where it was pumped. This apparatus can be easily worked by
a woman or even a child, and cleans the window as perfectly as water pumped
from a garden pump outside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING TUBULAR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1864. A communication by Eugène Petry Chaudoir, residing at
Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, Patent Agent, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and
38, Porchester Terrace Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CLEANING TUBULAR STEAM BOILERS," communicated to me by Eugène Petry
Chaudoir, a person residing at Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in cleaning tubular steam boilers by means of a
perforated sheet iron plate A, which is made to slide in the interior of the
boilers by means of the rods B, B, B, in order to remove any incrustations
which may be attached to their surfaces. This perforated plate is placed
at one end of the boiler, and the rods fastened to it pass through stuffing
boxes C, or chambers D, into the boiler, so that in order to clean the boilers
it is only necessary to replace the chambers by the handles E.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING TO THE DRIVERS OF CABS AND OTHER CARRIAGES THE COURSE A PASSENGER DESIRES TO BE DRIVEN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Adams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1864.
I, WALTER ADAMS, of No. 41, Rochester Road, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING TO THE DRIVERS OF CABS AND OTHER
CARRIAGES THE COURSE A PASSENGER DESIRES TO BE DRIVEN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for indicating
to the drivers of cabs and other carriages the course a passenger desires to be
driven. For these purposes instruments are applied to the upper part or roof
or other convenient part of a Hansom cab, or in any convenient part of other
forms of cabs or carriages, so as to be in front of the driver, in order that
when the passenger or person riding in the cab or other carriage may give
directions to the driver to stop or to drive in any direction he may desire.
The form of the indicating instruments may be varied, but to a Hansom's cab
it is preferred that they should be in the forms of or attached to levers turning
on axes on the roof of the cab. Each instrument is connected to a handle or
pull in the interior of the carriage. The word "stop" may be written on one
instrument, the words "turn to the left" on another instrument, "turn to the
right" on another instrument; or the instrument may simply indicate what
the driver is to do by pointing in the direction, or the instruments may have

page_text: other indications thereon. In like manner may like instruments be applied
to the splash board of other forms of cabs or carriages. Although it is
preferred that the instruments should each be in the form of a lever, and turn
on a fulcrum or axis, this is not essential, as the instruments may be made
to slide or move into and out of position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO LAMPS IN WHICH PETROLEUM AND SUCH LIKE OILS ARE USED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Kistemann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July
1864. A communication from Richard Ditmar, residing at Vienna, in
the Empire of Austria.
I, ALBERT KISTEMANN, of the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS OR APPARATUS
APPLICABLE TO LAMPS IN WHICH PETROLEUM AND SUCH LIKE OILS ARE USED," to be
as follows:-
I use a perforated or open work collar or regulator, within which is a
tubular wick holder, provided with an external screw in its lower extremity
for screwing the same into a screw socket in the lamp, and working through
a perforated disc fitted over the said socket, and through which a rack works,
which is acted upon by a rack wheel fixed to the said disc, and by this means,
by the intervention of serrated clips, the cylindrical wick is raised or lowered
as required. The tubular wick holder has an air opening beneath the said
openwork collar so as to admit the requisite supply of air to the interior
portion of the cylindrical wick; upon the upper part of the tubular wick holder
the chimney holder or glass holder is fitted, and this consists of a circular
band closely fitting the tubular wick holder aforesaid, and connected with an
air space between to another perforated band, between which and the flange
holder for the glass or chimney is a conical perforated band, through which
air is admitted to the wick.
The wick is made cylindrical, and is, in fact, two wicks, the lower and

page_text: longest dipping into the petroleum or liquid, and the upper and shorter one
being fitted above the same.
For the better illustration of the said Invention I annex Drawings of
arrangements which I shall now refer to, viz.,-
Fig. 1, elevation of lamp without the chimney.
Fig. 2, half vertical section of the same.
Fig. 3 shews the inner parts in section. a, the tubular wick holder; b, the
wick screw; c, the ring, over which the wick is drawn; d, the wick clips;
e, the wick key; f, the perforated disc or iron plate bearing the construction.
Fig. 4 shews the same section on the opposite direction. c, the lever;
g, the air opening of the inner tube.
Fig. 5, the outer tube, which closes with the air opening to the wick, so
that the part m, when passed over g (Fig. 4) closes, the screw screws upon
the glass body into the brass neck k (see Fig. 1); o, nipple, over which the
glass bearer & is placed higher or lower in the air opening p.
Fig. 6, the air regulator c.
Fia the chimner hooror d
Fig. 0, the air regulator c.
Fig 7 the chimney bearer d
Fig 8, the wick in that state in which it is put into the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emmanuel Vincent Frederic
Huntzinger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th October 1864.
I, EMMANUEL VINCENT FREDERIC HUNTZINGER, junior, of 2, Rue Ste.
Appoline, Paris, France, Mathematical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPASSES," to be as
follows:-
great
The object of my Invention is the construction of compasses in such manner
that they shall not be influenced or acted on by the iron of which ships are
now generally constructed, or by iron which may be placed in the immediate
vicinity of the compass on the ship, or land, or in mines. I have discovered
that iron has little or no influence on the south of the compass needle which
is pointed towards the north, and that on the north the iron acts with
power, and upon this I base my Invention, that the north of the needle only is
influenced by the iron, and that consequently by almost entirely removing this
part of the needle I accomplish the object in view. Suppose, therefore, a
compass needle to be suspended on an ordinary pivot, I cut away that part of
the needle which corresponds to the north, and I replace it either by a small
piece of lead, or by a portion of a needle made of copper or other substance
of, by preference, the same shape as that cut away, in order to counterbalance
the part which remains, as well as the mariner's card, which is there united in
the ordinary manner. The needle thus formed acts as in compasses of usual
construction, but without being influenced by the iron in its vicinity. By con-
structing compasses in this manner, iron ships can be navigated equally well

page_text: without fear of the compasses becoming displaced as those built of wood.
The new arrangements are equally applicable to compasses to be used on land
as on sea, as well as in mines and other subterranean cavities or passages.
My Invention further consists in regulating compasses by applying thereto
small pieces of soft iron which I fit to the compass basin, and in some cases I
use an iron ring without solder.
The arrangements just described, although good, are not-equal-to-the-first.
arrangements herein-before-described, 'as the latter require time for rectifi-
cation on board, while my lever-compass needle,-arranged as before described,
is much more practical, for with it applied a compass can be placed on board.
an iron ship without the necessity of adjustment, where it will work as well
as if it were fitted to a wood ship..
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHANKS FOR FANCY BUTTONS OF PEARL, IVORY, AND OTHER HARD MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Claude Sassé at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st August
1864. A communication from abroad by Louis François Renard, of
2, Rue du Buisson, Saint Louis, Paris, France.
I, PIERRE CLAUDE SASSÉ, of Wynyatt Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHANKS FOR FANCY BUTTONS OF
PEARL, IVORY, AND OTHER HARD MATERIALS," communicated to me from abroad
by Louis François Renard, of 2, Rue du Buisson, Saint Louis, Paris, France,
to be as follows:-
Heretofore the shanks of fancy buttons of pearl, ivory, metal, and other
hard materials have usually been made of metal, with loops, rings, or studs
projecting inward, whereby they have been fastened to dresses and other
articles.
Now the object of this Invention is to provide an improved shank for
such buttons, so that the buttons may be readily attached to a dress or other
article without unduly projecting or hanging. For this purpose a plate, disc,
or body of metal or other stiff substance is covered or partially covered with
threads of cotton or other fibrous material, or with velvet, silk, flannel, or
other textile, woven, or felted substance, or substance made of fibrous material,
which I force into an orifice in the inner or under side of the button, or
I connect it with such inner or under side by other means, taking care that.

page_text: the fibrous, textile, felted, or similar covering of the button or the main
portion of such covering shall be on the side intended to be next the dress or
article to which the buttons is to be applied. The button may be readily
fastened to the dress or other article by this covering by means of sewing or
otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OF CURTAIN HOOKS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1864.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of 29, Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
5 do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OF CURTAIN HOOKS," to be as follows:-
I form a hook something like the letter S, one end is made to touch or
almost to touch the bow of the hook, this end is passed through the curtain
and the hook is fast in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF JUTE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amédée Belhommet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
September 1864.
I, AMEDÉE BELHOMMET, of Landerneau (Finistère), in the Empire of
France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF JUTE," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
My Invention consists in employing, for the preparation of jute before
being spun, oleic acid instead of the whale oil now employed. In a wooden
vat surrounded with iron hoop, for about one ton and a half of jute I pour
about 50 gallons of water, 24 pounds of soap, having soda or potash as a
basis, and with a lead coil, into which I introduce steam. I raise to about
86° Fahrenheit; I then pour into the solution about 48 lbs. of oleic acid,
and maintain the temperature at about 81° Fahrenheit, taking care not to
exceed 99°. I place on a wooden board a layer of jute, which I take care to
open perfectly well, and with a forcing pump I introduce on the layer the
above mixture; I then place on the first layer a second one of jute, and
force in it the mixture as before stated, and I continue this mode of operating
until I have prepared about 1½ tons of jute. I then take down the layers
and replace them in a reverse position, that is to say, so that the top layer of

page_text: jute becomes the bottom one and the previous bottom ono becomes tho first on
the top; by this means the liquid penetrates equally in all the layers. One
day is sufficient for the saturation, and the jute is then submitted to the usual
mechanical operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HINGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
October 1864. A communication from abroad by François Goday, of
Pont Audemer, France, Hinge Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HINGES," (a communication to me from abroad by François
Goday, of Pont Audemer, France, Hinge Manufacturer,) to be as follows:-
The hinges in actual use for jalousies, and shop and other window shutters,
are composed in each of their subdivisions of half turns or knuckle joints
("demi nouds") of two iron plates. or bands soldered together, which does
not always give sufficient strength.
According to this Invention each of these subdivisions by knuckles is no
longer composed but of one single piece of iron folded back on itself in its
entire length. With this method the use of soldering, riveting, or hasping
according to circumstances is solely for the purpose of securing the cohesion of
the two parts of the same plate of iron folded on one another, which will
guarantee to these new hinges a considerable superiority in strength and
solidity over those in actual use.
To sum up, this Invention consists in the substitution of subdivisions by
half turns or knuckles made of one single piece to subdivisions of knuckles of
two pieces soldered together. To obtain this result, the first operation
consists in cutting to the desired length the plate or band of iron intended to

page_text: make what is called a knuckle joint, and after the ordinary preparation
folding or doubling this plate back exactly on itself. The difference between
the actual method and that of this Invention consists in that in this latter the
iron plate or band having been folded in the centre the piece is complete in
all its parts, without the necessity of soldering or welding a supplementary
appendage to it. When the knuckle joint has received this first preparation
it presents as near as may be the shape of a parallelogram, which is then
hollowed out in a suitable manner from the join and brought to the desired
shape and appearance by means of a cutting press or stamping machine. It
is with these knuckles adjusted and united together in a greater, or lesser
number according to requirement that the hinge or joint is formed. It will
be understood that by the same process and with equal facility binges of small
medium or large size are made with neck more or less developed as may be
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEA POTS, COFFEE POTS, CLARET, HOT WATER, AND OTHER JUGS HAVING METALLIC COVERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1864.
I, THOMAS ROBINSON, Plated Ware Manufacturer, of the Firm of Robinson
and Company, of Eyre Street Plate Works, Sheffield, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TEA POTS, COFFEE POTS, CLARET, HOT WATER, AND OTHER JUGS HAVING METALLIC
COVERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the means of opening the lids of tea pots, coffee pots,
claret and hot water jugs, in silver, electroplate, and other metals by means
of leverage, for which purpose a tube is placed through or by the side of the
handle into the body of the pot. Within the tube is inserted a hollow rod
containing a small steel spring. On the upper part of the rod or piston
is a thumb piece, and affixed to the lower end is a small curved piece of
metal, attached to which is a small wheel or roller which works in a corre-
sponding piece of grooved metal or lever affixed to the under part of the lid,
but extended from the joint pin in an opposite direction to that of the lid,
the joint of the lid forming the fulcrum; by pressing down the thumb bit on
the top of rod a leverage is obtained, by which means the lid is opened. The
spring confined in the rod resting on a horizontal pin takes back the rod
or piston to its original position when compression ceases, or the weight of
the lid may be brought to bear on it and the spring dispensed with for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE- MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO WHIPS, CANES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ibbetson Tracy and Henry
George Tracy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th January 1864.
We, JOHN IBBETSON TRACY and HENRY GEORGE TRACY, of St. John Street,
Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers in Ivory, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS IS APPLICABLE TO WHIPS, CANES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The chief objects of this Invention are, first, to produce a more sightly joint
for umbrella and parasol sticks or stems than heretofore; and, secondly, to
improve the appearance of the umbrellas and parasols whose covering has
the ordinary. conical or tapering termination at top. In order to obtain
a secure and sightly joint for the stick or stem we divide the stick or stem
(which may be made of wood, ivory, cane, or metal as usual) at the
proper place for the joint, and insert in a hollow part, say, of that part of the
stick or stem which receives the handle, a metal tube, which is slotted for
a certain length to receive a pin of a jointed coupling permanently secured to
the other part of the stem; this coupling is inserted in the slotted tube, and
the projecting pin works in the slot of the tube, forming therewith a kind of
bayonet joint fastening. In order to fold the stick it is only necessary to
give one portion of the stick a slight axial motion and then to pull the stick
endwise. The jointed coupling will then be drawn out of the tube to a suffi-

page_text: cient length to enable the stick to be folded. The use of this jointed sliding
coupling enables us to produce a rigid and secure flush joint in the stem.
This joint we also propose to apply to whip handles, canes, and other like
articles.
The improvement in the top of the umbrella and parasol consists in pro-
viding a pin or rod (which forms a continuation of the stem) for the top
runner and ferrule to slide upon. The runner and ferrule being for that
purpose connected together and forming virtually one sliding piece. By this
arrangement the terminal of the parasol, whether open or closed, will always
appear of the same length.
AN IMPROVED DISCONNECTING LEVER, TO RELEASE INSTANTLY ANY VEHICLE WHEN THE HORSES FALL OR RUN AWAY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Robert Hofmann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd September 1864.
I, JULES ROBERT HOFMANN, of 35, Carnaby Street, Golden Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DISCONNECTING LEVER, TO RELEASE INSTANTLY ANY
VEHICLE WHEN THE HORSES FALL OR RUN AWAY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a set of double rings or snugs, with bolts and
springs proper to be applied to all sorts of harness, carriages, carts, and vans,
by means of which the horses can be instantly released from the vehicle in
case of danger. To attain that object I use, instead of the roller bolts or
hooks ordinarily fixed on the splint bar of the carriage, a series of double
rings or snugs, between which the loops of the traces are fastened by bolts, of
which the driver has full command by means of a strap or chain to remove
instantly, thus releasing the horses from the vehicle when required. I use
the same system of double rings or snugs to the end of the pole of the carriage,
where they are kept in their proper place by a spring, which the pressure of
the rings or snugs, when the horses go forward, disengages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1864.-A communication from abroad by Jean Claude
Meunier, of Nantua, France, Contractor.
I, WILLLAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT
WAY OF RAILWAYS," (a communication to me from abroad by Jean Claude
Meunier, of Nantua, France, Contractor), to be as follows :-
It is proposed to replace the wooden or iron railway sleepers now used by
sleepers of hard stone in one or two pieces of variable breadth, which sleepers
will rest on a simple bed of beton or cement, and require no ballast. In order
that these sleepers may not render the way too hard the rails will rest on
bearings or chairs of cork set in the stone, and as these cork chairs cannot
elongate under the pressure of the trains they will preserve their elasticity for
an indefinite period. Two methods of wedging the rails are proposed, the first
composed simply of two wooden wedges, which will slide in rebates or em-
brasures made in the breadth of the sleeper and firmly secure the rail; this
method of wedging will be found extremely simple and convenient. Never-
theless, by reason of the swelling of the wood, the second may be deemed
preferable; it is as follows:-On each side of the rail and the cork bearing or
chair, a hole slightly enlarged at its base will be made in the stone, a bolt,
the lower part of which will be divided, and form spring, will be introduced

page_text: into the hole, where it will be firmly held by the spreading of the spring; the
head of this bolt will be furnished with a plate forming collar and fitting
regularly on the base of the rail, and on this plate will be screwed a nut, so
that the tightening or loosening may be effected at will.
To sum up, this Invention consists, firstly, in the application to railways of
stone sleepers in one or several pieces.
into the hole, where it will be firmly held by the spreading of the spring; the
head of this bolt will be furnished with a plate forming collar and fitting
regularly on the base of the rail, and on this plate will be screwed a nut, so
that the tightening or loosening may be effected at will.
To sum up, this Invention consists, firstly, in the application to railways of
stone sleepers in one or several pieces.
Secondly, in applying plates or bearings of cork under the rails.
And, thirdly, of two methods of securing the rails on the sleepers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES FOR SUPPORTING ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE AND CHINA DURING THE PROCESS OF FIRING IN GLAZING KILNS OR OVENS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1864.
I, ISAAC EDWARDS, of Piccadilly, Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SADDLES FOR SUPPORTING ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE AND CHINA DURING THE
PROCESS OF FIRING IN GLAZING KILNS OR OVENS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto strips or rails of burnt clay (known as saddles) each with one
bearing surface have been placed in parallel lines for supporting articles of
earthenware and china, such as plates and dishes, in glazing kilns or ovens.
Considerable inconvenience has been experienced in practice from the said
strips or rails being pushed asunder or moved out of position.
Now, my Invention consists in constructing saddles with more than one
bearing surface, two will usually be found sufficient for supporting articles of
the kind above named. Convenient forms in clay are obtained in lengths by
shaping flat rails with raised edges at each side thereof, or by forming pieces
with flat bottoms and concave upper surfaces, such concave upper surfaces
describing the arc of a smaller circle than that of the articles to be supported
thereon, so that the two terminating edges shall bear the articles placed
thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVERFLOW OR WASTE PIPES OF CISTERNS AND IN CONNECTIONS APPLICABLE THERETO AND TO OTHER PIPES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cutler at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd November
1864.
I, JOSEPH CUTLER, of Bowman's Place, Holloway, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVERFLOW OR WASTE PIPES OF CISTERNS AND IN CONNECTIONS
APPLICABLE THERETO AND TO OTHER PIPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and
arrangement of overflow or waste pipes of cisterns, and in connections
applicable thereto and to other pipes, the objects being to prevent the escape
or return of the effluvium from traps into the water of the cistern, as is now
frequently the case, and to remove foul air from the closet; and also to afford
a more ready means of uniting or connecting the joints of pipes.
I propose instead of making the standing waste pipe in the cistern a mere
vertical tube open at top to form it with a syphon or S-shaped head, when by
regulating the ball tap so that when the water is on from the main it should
just flow over and fill the trap or bent syphon head in the standing waste tube.
it would be impossible for any effluvium to escape through such tube and enter
the cistern. As there is always foul air confined below the closet, which
escapes as soon as the handle is raised, I propose to remedy this by inserting
a branch pipe in the overflow pipe, and conveying it to a chimney, thus taking.
the effluvium up the chimney and out of the house.

page_text: The connection is constructed as follows:-A tube flanged at one end is
continued by a tube of less diameter, the end of which has a male thread cut
thereon. Supposing it be necessary to apply the connection to the bottom of
a slate cistern to unite and attach the overflow or waste pipe, the tube is
passed the hole in the slate, the flange forming a seating; a washer
should be placed under the flange. The tube or connection has a second
thread cut around its larger diameter, so that a nut and washer underneath the
cistern may be screwed thereon to tighten and fix it in position; then the
upper portion of the overflow pipe or that which is in the cistern is screwed
into the enlarged portion of the tube down to an internal washer, and the
descending pipe below the base of the cistern is screwed or fixed on to the
lower extremity of the connection. Of course this arrangement of connection
is adaptable to other purposes than cisterns. and overflow pipes as may be
required.
AN IMPROVED GAS VALVE AND REGULATOR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Miller Walter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd September
1864.
I, EDWARD MILLER WALTER, of 64, Great Bland Street, Dover Road,
Southwark, London, in the County of Surrey, Gas Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GAS VALVE AND
REGULATOR," to be as follows:―
I first construct a chamber to hold quicksilver by inserting one iron tube
into another of greater diameter, and joining them together at one end, so as
to form a closed bottom to the space contained all round between them.
The inner tube, which thus forms a sort of core within the outer, is left
shorter, and remains open throughout from top to bottom. This hollow open
core forms the inlet gasway to the valve. In the side of the outer tube about
on a level with the top of the core I next make an aperture, to which I
attach a mouthpiece to receive the junction pipe destined to convey the gas to
the burners after passage through the valve. The space between the two
tubes I fill to the requisite extent with quicksilver. I now make, also of a
piece of iron tube, an inverted cylindrical plunger closed at the upper end,
where it is fixed to a rod by which it is raised and lowered, and capable of
fitting down in the form of a cap over the open top of the centre tube or core.
I make an aperture in the side of this plunger corresponding in size and in
vertical position to that in the outer tube, so that every time the plunger is
raised the aperture therein comes opposite to that in the outer tube. The gas

page_text: is turned off by making the plunger to descend in the vessel of quicksilver till
its aperture is submerged therein, when the flow of gas becomes thereby
arrested. It is turned on by raising the plunger out of the quicksilver till its
aperture is uncovered, and stands opposite to the aperturo in the outer tube,
whereupon the gas is at liberty to pass up the centre tube or core, out through
the corresponding apertures in the sides of the plunger and outer tube, and
thence into the pipes which supply the burners. Provision is made for
rendering every portion of this apparatus absolutely gas-tight by sealing with
quicksilver all apertures through which an escape might take place. The
rising motion of the plunger is effected by a system of bell wires; the falling
motion is secured by the weight merely of the plunger without any other aid
or force. The system of bell wires is attached to a handle and to the plunger,
and may be carried to any distance over a house or building. A frictional
contrivance is applied to the handle, and this enables it to govern the rising
and falling movements, and affords the means of elevating or lowering the
plunger so as to let on or turn off the gas, or, guided by an indicator which
is also attached to it, to partially turn it off, and retain it in position to
afford any
desired capacity of outflow that circumstances may at any time
demand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING COLOURED AND OTHER RAGS OR OTHER MATERIALS OR HALF-STUFF, AND IN RAG ENGINES FOR PAPER MAKING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lundi Duncan and Sydney
Clulow Child at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd September 1864.
We, WILLIAM LUNDI DUNCAN, of 26, Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and SYDNEY CLULOW CHILD, of the
Grove, Clapham, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING COLOURED AND
OTHER RAGS OR OTHER MATERIALS OR HALF-STUFF, AND IN RAG ENGINES FOR
PAPER MAKING," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to a new and more expeditious mode of bleaching
coloured and other half-stuff by means of chemicals in a heated state in the
rag engine. In the inside of the rag engine, which may be made of iron or
any other suitable metal or material, and on the bottom of the same, is placed
a perforated lead pipe going from the rise to the fall of the rag engine; this
pipe is suitably fixed to a steam boiler with appliances for letting on and
shutting off the steam. Above this steam pipe is placed to keep it clear a
perforated falso bottom made of wood or any other suitable material or metal.
Tubes are also inserted in the rag engine made of lead or any other suitable
metal or material, or openings made to put in the chemicals. The coloured
or other rags are boiled in the usual way with alkalies, after which they are
placed in the rag engine, and being sufficiently cleansed and turned into half-
stuff, and when the water is of a suitable heat, the steam can, if required, be
shut off, and chlorine and then diluted sulphuric acid, say from 1 to 2 per
cent. by Twaddle's hydrometer, according to the materials or half-stuff to be

page_text: operated upon, are to be poured through the separate tubes or openings,
which, in uniting with the heated wator, will take out the colours and com-
pletely bleach the half-stuff without damaging the structure of it. The steam
is then turned on and the cold washing water applied in the ordinary way till
the half-stuff is perfectly cleansed from the chemicals, it is then ready for the
purposes required by paper makers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BLUE COLOR FOR DYEING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watson and William
Henry Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd February 1864.
We, WILLIAM WATSON and WILLIAM HENRY WATSON, both of Leeds, and
of Harrogate, in the County of York, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BLUE COLOR FOR DYEING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
We mix one part of the substance now generally known as rosaniline with
two or more parts of commercial aniline and one part (all by weight) of any
of the following gums, resins, or substances, that is to say, gum lac, colophony,
or common resin, gum, gamboge, the acid or acids obtained by the saponifi-
cation of castor oil, and the subsequent decomposition of the soap formed by
such saponification, and the acids known as camphoric acid and stearic acid.
The rosaniline, the aniline, and one or more of the above-named substances
(for the purity does not appear to be important) being heated together in a
suitable vessel to a temperature of about 350 Fahrenheit, a blue color is
produced in a time varying from a few minutes to about half an hour, which
color may be dissolved in alcohol or various other solvents which are well
known, and may then be used for dyeing and other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND PROPULSION OF BOATS APPLICABLE TO THEIR CONVEYANCE EITHER ON SHORE OR AFLOAT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Leslie Cousins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1864.
I, SIDNEY LESLIE COUSINS, Bachelor of Arts, and Chaplain in the Royal
Navy of H.M.S. "Duke of Wellington," and Ryde View, Osborne Road,
Southsea, both at Portsmouth, in the County of Hampshire, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND PROPULSION OF BOATS APPLICABLE TO THEIR CONVEYANCE EITHER ON SHORE OR
AFLOAT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a boat constructed of waterproofed canvas, wood,
iron, or other suitable materials, to be conveyed over land on wheels, with or
without springs or other easing gear, no carriage being required.
The boat is constructed with one or more frames, which support the weight
of the boat and its contents on an axle or axles and wheels. I prefer to use
two longitudinal frames, thus obtaining the requisite strength of structure
without the additional weight of a carriage. It can be propelled both on land
and afloat by means of a cranked axle, turning wheels with paddles attached,
the cranked axle being turned by hand or foot power, or both combined. The
boat, however, may be drawn overland by animal or other motive power in
the usual manner, and may be propelled through the water with oars, sails,
or the usual appliances, should these means of propulsion on any occasion for
any reasons be found desirable. It may be steered on land by a wheel, which
acts as a rudder when in the water.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PARASOLS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Weeks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1864.
JOHN WEEKS, of Baker Street, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturer of Umbrellas and Parasols, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PARASOLS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in ornamenting the lining or inside of parasols, sun
shades, and the like, by the application thereon of braiding, chenille, and
other fancy trimming.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING WATCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES FROM BEING STOLEN FROM THE PERSON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Andoe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1864.
I, FRANCIS ANDOE, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SECURING
WATCHES AND SUCH LIKE ARTICLES FROM BEING STOLEN FROM THE PERSON," to
be as follows:-
My improved apparatus consists of a plate of metal or other such like sub-
stance which is sewn in or otherwise fastened to the inside of the pocket, such
plate having a slide groove provided with a slide having a hook or catch which
is fitted to slide against a similar catch or projecting piece, the slide having a
screw or other shank attached to it which is to be passed through the side
of the pocket and terminate on the outside surface of the waistcoat or other
garment in a button, which being drawn back will have an opening to
allow the ring of the watch or a ring attached to any such like article to be intro-
duced, and upon the button being released the slide will close again by reason of
the action of a spring attached to the side or to the projecting piece aforesaid,
which tends to pull it towards the other projecting piece. If thought desirable a
stop might be used in connexion with the bottom so as to prevent the slide
being put in motion without releasing the stop. The sides of the pocket will
have holes to allow the said buttons to protrude and work, and also for another
button or stud attached to the plate first mentioned if thought desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS OR FASTENINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1864. A communication from abroad by Claude Marie Bigard, junior,
Locksmith, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS OR FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in catch bolts, and consists, 1st, in
a peculiar method of mounting the parts so as to prevent dust from penetrating
and also to render them easier in their action.
2ndly, in the solidity obtained by this improved method of fitting the
bolts.
And, lastly, in the simplicity of their construction.
Fig. 1 of the annexed Drawing represents a front view of a bolt, and
Fig. 2 side view of the same; Fig. 3 shows a front view of a guide for the
bolt, and Fig. 4 side view of same; while Figs. 5 and 6 show front and side
views of another arrangement of guide.
A flat plate of iron on which are fixed the guides for bolt B, the latter
being actuated by a knob C, and let into the wood in which it is fitted, as also
plate A, the only projecting part being the knob C; D, cast-iron guide
through which the bolt B passes, and furnished with lugs, whereby to fix it in
position by screws; E, E, guides of bolt B when the latter is of considerablo

page_text: length; F, spring applied for preventing any play of the bolt in guides E, and
also to prevent the bolt from falling after being shot; G, plates dovetailed in
guides D, and secured thereto by means of screws. The lugs d of guides D
may also be replaced by similar parts fitted to each side of the same.
PROTECTION OF THE LIVES AND PERSONS OF TRAVELLERS ON RAILWAYS BY IMPROVED SIGNAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN ANY PASSENGER AND THE GUARD AND OTHER PASSENGERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Fitzgerald and John
Samuel Phené at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th September 1864.
We, MICHAEL FITZGERALD, of No. 201, King's Road, Chelsea, Oilman, and
JOHN SAMUEL PHENÉ, of No. 84, Oakley Street, Chelsea, Architect, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "PROTECTION OF THE LIVES AND
PERSONS OF TRAVELLERS ON RAILWAYS BY IMPROVED SIGNAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN
ANY PASSENGER AND THE GUARD AND OTHER PASSENGERS," to be as follows:-
The immediate or spontaneous exhibition to the guard of the train at the
will of any passenger of an alarm indicator or indicators, showing the exact
carriage occupied by such passenger; such indicator being of the form of a
dial plate, disc, arm, or other conformation, and being exhibited on the roof,
end, side, or other convenient external part of any railway carriage, or car,
or truck, with or without a tell-tale indicator pointing out the special com-
partment simultaneously or otherwise (according to the construction of the
carriage) with the exhibition of the interior of the compartment occupied by
any such passenger to the occupants, if any, of the adjoining compartments or
compartment of the same carriage by means of the sliding, withdrawing, falling,
or other removal of a divisional panel or slide, panels or slides in the partition
or partitions of any railway carriage, car, truck, or other railway rolling stock,
such alarm or signal both to the guard and other passengers to be capable of
being given by a single and simple act of any such passenger by means of
pulling or pressing or other movement by contact with a knob, handle, or

page_text: other safety indicator or indicators within the carriage, such movement by
contact communicating with a simple motivo power, and so producing the
effects before mentioned, accompanied in the action, when required, by a sharp
report to attract attention when from any cause the dangor indicator might not
readily be seen by the guard.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1864.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of 10, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements on the fire-places described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on or about the 16th of January
1864, No. 128, and consists in making such open fire-places with a per-
forated bottom, sides, and back, applied either separately or in combination
with each other. A chamber is also added round the fire-place for the
reception of the gases and products of combustion on their passage to the flue
or chimney, suitable openings being supplied at the sides or back of the grate
or at the sides and back thereof for the passage of the gases and products of
combustion into this chamber, these openings being so situate as to insure a
downward draught or current which may be regulated by valves or dampers,
A closed drawer or box is fitted under the bottom of the grate to receive
the ashes.