IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bentley, Manufacturer, and Hugh Booth, Over-
looker, both of Pilkington, in the County of Lancaster, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bentley and Hugh
Booth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th February 1868.
We, JOHN BENTLEY, Manufacturer, and HUGH BOOTH, Overlooker, both of
Pilkington, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in an improved treading motion. Each heald
is connected to a T-shaped lever working on a shaft to which lever is jointed
three other levers, one in the middle and one at each end. To the middle
lever is connected a bracket acted upon by a pattern chain, so that the middle
lever shall act upon the other two levers and raise them up and down in order
to bring one or the other in contact with a slide. When the top lever is
acted upon by the slide it gives one movement to the heald, and when the
bottom lever is in contact it gives the other movement, the healds being
brought so as to close the shed by studs fixed to the slide.
Secondly, in an improved mode of maintaining the tension of the warp when
a large number of healds are employed. On the shaft of the roller above the
warp beam, or on separate studs, we place a lever at each end, and connect

page_text: the levers by rods to the slay swords so that they vibrate to and fro. To the
said levers are fixed a number of bars or rollers at different distances from
the centre of motion. The healds are divided into as many series as there are
bars or rollers, and the top bar or roller is intended to press against the warp
for the first series of healds, and the bottom bar or roller against the warp of
the last series of healds, and so on for all the series and thereby maintain the
warp at a uniform tension.
Thirdly, in an improved taking-up motion. We place the cloth beam upon
two sand or friction rollers instead of one in order to adapt the loom for heavy
and light weaving and give the rollers motion by worms and toothed wheels
in connection with a rachet wheel acted upon by a catch and lever from the
slay sword. On the stud of the ratchet wheel I place another lever having
a catch working in the teeth of the wheel in order to draw up the slack and
tighten the cloth when the loom has been turned back.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Bentley and Hugh Booth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th August 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
BENTLEY, Manufacturer, and HUGH BOOTH, Overlooker, both of Pilkington,
in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty 'Queen 'Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
'Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Bentley and Hugh Booth, Her special license, that we, the
said John Bentley and Hugh Booth, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said John Bentley and Hugh Booth, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an 'Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Bentley and Hugh
Booth, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediatly after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Bentley and Hugh Booth, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in an improved treading motion for moving the healds
or heddles up and down for the formation of the shed. In our Provisional
Specification we described an improved mode of maintaining the tension of the
warp when a large number of healds are employed, and also an improved
taking-up motion, but we disclaim the use of these arrangements and therefore
do not now describe them.
In our improved treading motion each heald is attached to a jack or lever
above and below in the usual way, but we give motion to the jacks and healds,.
in the following manner :-Each of the jacks at the opposite end to where it is
attached to the heald is connected by a cord or wire to a T-shaped lever,
working on a stationary shaft or stud, and to each lever is jointed three other
levers, one at the middle, and one at each end. To the middle lever is fixed
a bracket acted upon by a pattern chain, and the ends of the bracket, and also
the end of the middle lever are in contact with the other two levers, so that
when the middle lever rises up and down according to the pattern chain it
shall act upon the other two levers and raise them up and down in order to
bring one or the other in contact with a slide. When the top lever is acted
upon by the slide it gives one movement to the heald and when the
bottom lever, is acted upon, the other movement is given to the heald,
and the healds are brought back to close the shed by studs or rods fixed
to the slide.
"
These improvements will be clearly understood by referring to the figures
and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1. is an end
view of part of a loom having our improved treading motion attached to it.
Fig. 2 a back view of the motion only. Fig. 3 a detached view of one of
the T-levers with the two other levers connected to it and the slide for working
them; and Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are different views of improvements in the pattern
chain.
;
The T-levers to which the jacks are connected are shewn at a they work on
the stationary shaft or stud 6 supported at the outside of one of the end frames
of the loom. To each T-lever are jointed the three levers c, d, e, and to the
middle lever d is fixed the bracket f which is acted upon by the pattern chain g

page_text: and raises the lever according to the pattern. The ends of the bracket f
and the end of the lever d are in contact with the two levers c, e, so that when
the middle lever moves up and down the two. levers c, e, move with it. In
bearings fixed to the end frame of the loom there is a slide h having attached
to it a bar i and a moveable bar k. To the slide is jointed one end of the
connecting rod, the other end of which is jointed to the lever m working on a
fixed stud n. At the top of this lever there is a slot in which works a crank
pin p fixed in a crank or wheel q attached to the crank shaft which as 'it
revolves moves the lever m and slide h to and fro. The pattern chain g is put
in motion from the crank shaft by the toothed gearing r. The bar is so
placed on the slide h that in its forward movement it shall come in contact
with the end of the upper lever c when the levers are in their lowest position
in consequence of not being acted upon by the pattern chain, and the end of
the moveable bar k rests on à brackets, Figs. 1 and 2, in such a position that
the bar in its forward movement shall come in contact with the end of the
lower lever when the levers are raised to their highest position by the pattern
chain at which time the lever c is above the bar i, and when one lever is acted.
upon the other lever is free from its corresponding bar; thus when the
levers are not acted upon by the chain, and the slide moves forward, the bar i
presses against the end of the top lever c and gives the lever a horizontal
movement so as to depress the end t of the T-lever, and when the levers are
acted upon by the pattern chain the bar k presses against the end of the
lower lever e, and gives the lever a horizontal motion so as to raise the end
of the T-lever, which up-and-down motion of the arms t of the T-levers give
corresponding movements to the jacks and healds and forms the shed. To
the slide h are fixed rods u which press against the T-levers when the slide is
making its backward movement and thereby place the arms t in the horizontal
position for closing the shed; at this time the pattern chain is changing, and
the lever e is below the moveable bar k, which rises when the lever is raised,
but falls and rests upon the brackets when the slide has reached its backward
position, and thus the bar k, offers no obstruction to the lever e when it rises
but is prepared to act upon it by the forward movement of the slide when it is
required to do so.
By these arrangements the T-levers, jack, and healds require but little
power to give them motion and also work with great ease and steadiness.
In Figs. 4, 5, and 6, we represent our improvements connected with the
pattern chain. The risers are shewn at v, the bars to which they are fitted at
w, and the links for holding the bars together at x. The bars w have any
required number of notches or recesses y, and each riser has a square hole,

page_text: so that the risers can be passed over the bar and placed in the required notches,
and afterwards held fast by one or more rods a¹. The links a have a square
hole and are passed over the ends of the bars and held to them by the
rods a'. By these means the risers can be changed with great facility and
expedition.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be under-
stood that we claim the improvements in looms for weaving as herein described
and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Bentley and Hugh Booth, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered,
by the within-named John
Bentley and Hugh Booth, in
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
JOHN BENTLEY. (L.S.)
HUGH BOOTH. (L.S.)
Manchester.