IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM AND FOR ECONOMISING FUBL
Year: 1869

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Ann Brooman, of Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey, Widow, and Sole Administratrix of the late Clinton
Edgcumbe Brooman, deceased, late of the Firm of Robertson;
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM AND
FOR ECONOMISING FUBL." A communication to the said Clinton
Edgcumbe Brooman from abroad by Elijah Weston, of Buffalo, in
the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clinton Edgcumbe
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st May 1869.
I, CLINTON EDGOUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
5 and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE

page_text: MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS AND FURNACES FOR GENERATING STEAM
AND FOR ECONOMISING FUEL," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are to effect a more extensive and
quicker generation of steam in locomotive and other boilers, and for
the more perfect combustion of the smoke and gases arising from the
fuel, particularly when bitumenous coal is employed.
The first part of the Invention consists in the employment of vertical
partitions in the water spaces surrounding the fire-box, in order to effect
a quicker and more extensive generation of steam, and to produce a
perfect circulation of the water therein. The partitions are preferably
placed close to the sides of the fire-box so as to leave a larger space
between them and the outside skin than between them and the fire-box.
The top and bottom of the partitions are open to allow a free passage to
the water around them, and the steam is more rapidly generated next
the fire-box; the weight of the water in the larger space on the opposite
side of the partition keeps up a constant circulation of the same.
The second part of the Invention consists in forming a gas and smoke
combustion chamber in the rear of the fire space by extending the crown
sheet of the fire-box, and by fitting a partition or bridge to close the
opening, except a narrow space at the top for the passage of the flame.
The partition or bridge is constructed in the form of an inverted V, the
apex forming a ridge and its base a space, which may in a locomotive
boiler be occupied by the axle of one of the pairs of wheels. The walls
of this partition, as well as the others which surround the fire-box and
gas combustion chamber are made hollow, and the extension of the fire
surface thereby attained increases the heating capacity to such an extent
as to greatly economise the amount of fuel, and admits of the tubes
being shorter than usual, and thus materially reducing the expense of
building engine boilers.
The third part of the Invention consists in the employment of
graduated horizontal openings in the furnace door, the openings being
covered by a screen of wire gauze, through the meshes of which the air
rushes in finely subdivided jets and passes over the fire. The largest of
the openings is preferably at the bottom of the door.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Ann
Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th December
1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANN
BROOMAN, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Widow and Sole
Administratrix of the late Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman; deceased, late
of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, Her special
licence that he, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the said Clinton
Edgcumbe Brooman, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at alt
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOLLERS AND FURNACES
FOR GENERATING STEAM AND FOR ECONOMISING FUEL," (communicated to the
said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman from abroad by Elijah Weston, of
Buffalo, in the United States of America), upon the condition (amongst
others) that he, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, his exccutors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ann Brooman,, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by

page_text: the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The objects of this Invention are to effect a more extensive and
quicker generation of steam in locomotive and other boilers, and for
the more perfect combustion of the smoke and gases arising from the
fuel, particularly when bituminous coal is employed.
The first part of the Invention consists in the employment of vertical
partitions in the water spaces surrounding the fire-box, in order to effect
a quicker and more extensive generation of steam and to produce a
perfect circulation of the water therein. The partitions are preferably
placed close to the sides of the fire-box, so as to leave a larger space
between them and the outside skin than between them and the fire-box,
The top and bottom of the partitions are open to allow a free passago
to the water around them, and as the steam is moro rapidly generated
next the fire-box the weight of the water in the larger space on the
opposite side of the partition keeps up a constant circulation of the
same.
The manner in which this Invention is carried into effect is repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings, which shew in side elevation in
Figure 1, and in end view in Figure 2 a tubular boiler such as is
known as a locomotive boiler with the parts described under the three
leads of the Provisional Specification included in the same Figures,
while Figure 3 illustrates the inside of the furnace or fire door to
shew more clearly the openings through which the air passes on its
way to the firo; I, I, aro partitions or division plates fitted in the fire-box
between the inner and the outer skins d, e, as shown; these are held in
place and supported by bolts g, 9, at the required distance from tho
bottom plate i, so that a water channel is formed leading from one sido
of the partitions to the other. The partitions terminate at their upper
parts just below the surface of the water, and are preferably curved at
that part to direct the hottest film or body of water which rises up
that side by the greater heat which it receives from the fire towards the
central longitudinal portion of the boiler, while at the same time the
weight of the body of water in the largor space between the partition
and the outer skin forces a fresh supply of water into the narrower space
near the inner skin. By this means a constant circulation of the water
in the boiler is taking place. It can be well understood that if the body

page_text: of water in a boiler is divided as shewn in the Drawings by partitions
that calumn nearest the fire-box becomes hot and is converted into
steam quioker than the column farthest from the fire-box, and in order
to maintain a fixed height of the water in the boiler and to allow for the
quantity which is transformed into steam and thrown off from the
surface I cause a fresh supply of less heated water from the other sido
of the partitions to take its place by passing under the partitions, as
indicated by the arrows.
The second part of the Invention is, as before-stated also shown in
the same Figures. It consists in forming a gas and smoke combustion
chamber in the rear of the fire space by extending the crown sheet of
the fire-box and by fitting a partition or bridge to close the opening,
except a narrow space at the top for the passage of the flame. The
partition or bridge is constructed in the form of an inverted V the apex
forming a ridge and its base a space, which may in a locomotive boiler
be occupied by the axle of one of the pairs of wheels. Tho walls of
this partition as well as the others which surround the fire-box and gas
combustion chamber are made hollow, and the extension of the firo
surface thereby attained inorcases the heating capacity to such an extent
as to greatly economise the amount of fuel, and admits, of the tubes
being sharter than usual, and thus materially reducing the expence of
building engine boilers. E is gas and smoke combustion chamber behind
the bridge at the rear of the fire space. This chamber is formed by
carrying the partition or bridge a up to a great height above the level
of the fire-bars so as to leave only a small narrow space between its
top and the crown plate H, by this means the flame and products of
combustion meet at the upper part of the fire-box and become broken
up and intermingled one with the other, and the action of the flama
upon the smokė partially or wholly consumes it, and the heat thereby
obtained assists in the generation of the steam. The partition a is
inclined away from the fire-box at the top and is connected to another
plate or partition b, at K. This plate or partition is inclined outwards at
its bottom so that a space G is formed for the axle of one of the pairs
of wheels to work in if the boiler is fitted on the frame of a railway
engine, but which may be filled up with fire clay or other material
or left open if the boiler be used for stationary purposes, as desired.
The fire-box portion A is shewn of greater length than is usual, so that

page_text: a large heating surface is obtained at the fore part. This mode of con-
struction admits of shorter tubes being fitted in the barrel or cylindrical
portion of the boiler, and by the heat and smoke on their passage
through the boiler being checked at the contracted part at the top of
the bridge a large proportion of the same which usually escapes by
being carried through by the draught is kept back, consumed, and
utilised in generating steam. In addition the large area of the com-
bustion chamber E admits of the sudden expansion of the gases after
having passed the contracted space, so that the maximum amount of
heating power of the fuel is withdrawn before it arrives at the funnel
or uptake; and to insure a constant supply of air to the combustion
chamber I fit tubes h, h, leading from the ash pan or pit to direct a
sufficient quantity of air to the chamber. Any number of those tubes
may be employed, or one or two broad tubes only as circumstances may
demand. I do not fit air tubes in all cases as the draught through the
furnace door or through the bars will be sufficiently strong to supply
the chamber as well as the furnace. Thus ample time and opportunity
are afforded for the complete combustion of all the gascous products.
The third part of the Invention consists in the employment of
graduated horizontal openings in the furnace door, the openings being
covered by a screen of wire gauze, through the meshes of which the
air rushes in finely subdivided jets and passes over the fire. The largest
of the openings is preferably at the bottom of the door.
This part is represented more particularly at Figure 3 of the Drawings
annexed, where c, c, c, are graduated openings in the furnace door J,
the largest of the openings being at the bottom, so that the greatest
volume of air is free to enter and impinge against the fire direct, while
the other openings, which are above, are smaller, so that the air
admitted by them mixes itself with the heat and with the products of
combustion thrown off by the fire, where it serves to furnish oxygen to
the upper part of the fire-box to facilitate the perfect combustion of the
fuel. The openings are covered on the inside of the door with wire
gauze or perforated plates to break up the current of air on its passage,
so that it becomes distributed over the entire area of the furnace in
finally subdivided jets.
It is not intended to restrict or confine the Invention to locomotive
boilers only, as in many cases it may be found of great service in marine

page_text: and other boilers; in any case the modifications would be so slight that
it is unnecessary to describe in detail in this Specification any one
special arrangement other than that shewn..
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
Firstly. Fitting partition plates between the outer skin and the fire-
box of boilers for facilitating the generation of steam, substantially
in the manner herein-before described and represented in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Secondly. Forming a partition or bridge at the back part of a furnace
for the purpose of contracting the outlet from the fire-box, in the
manner herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.
Thirdly. The employment of graduated openings in the fire-doors of
furnaces which are covered with wire gauze, arranged and acting in the
manner and for the purposes described and shewn.
And, lastly. I claim the general combination of the three improve-
ments in one boiler for generating steam and economizing fuel, in the
manner herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ann Brooman, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, One
thousand cight hundred and sixty-nine.
5 Witness,
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street,
London.
ANN BROOMAN. (L.S.)

page_text: claimed in the said Specification had been publicly known and used
prior to the date of the said Letters Patent, therefore I am desirous of
amending the said Letters Patent by striking out of the title thereof the
words "and furnaces," and of amending the said Specification as follows,
that is to say :-
Referring to the printed copy of the same, on page 4 I strike out of
line 4 the words "locomotive and other," and I insert in the same lino
after the word "boilers" the words of the locomotive type or form;
I striko out
A
and on page 6 the whole of the matter in the 19th and 23rd and
intermediate lines; and in line 24 I strike out all the words before
the word "figure," and insert before the latter the word In; and on the
same page I strike out of line 25 the word "where," and also the 36th
and 37th lines; and on page 7 I strike out the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lines;
I also strike out the third claim, and in the 17th line I substitute for
the word "three" the word above.
And in order that the effect of the proposed disclaimer and memo-
randum of alteration may be clearly understood I annex a copy of the
Specification as it will appear after the said disclaimer and memorandum
of alteration have been made, omitting the introductory and concluding
clauses of the said Specification.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, Her
special licence that he, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, his exc-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the said
Clinton Edgcume Brooman, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOILERS
FOR GENERATING STEAM AND FOR ECONOMISING FUEL," (communicated to the
said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman from abroad by Elijah Weston, of
Buffalo, in the United States of America,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that he, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, his oxecutors or

page_text: administrators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or onc
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ann Brooman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
The objects of this Invention are to effect a more extensive and
quicker generation of steam in boilers of the locomotive type or form,
and for the more perfect combustion of the smoke and gases arising from
the fuel, particularly when bituminous coal is employed.
The first part of the Invention consists in the employment of vertical
partitions in the water spaces surrounding the fire-box in order to effect
a quicker and more extensive generation of stoam and to produce a
perpect circulation of the water therein. The partitions are preferably
placed close to the slides of the fire-box so as to leave a larger space
between them and the outside skin than between them and the fire-box.
The top and bottom of the partitions are open to allow a free passage to
the water around them, and as the steam is more rapidly generated next
the fire-box the weight of the water in the larger space on the opposite
side of the partition keeps up a constant circulation of the same.
The manner in which this Invention is carried into effect is represented
in the accompanying Drawings, which shew in side elevation in Figure 1,
and in end view in Figure 2, a tubular boiler such as is known as a
locomotive boiler with the parts described under the three heads of the
Provisional Specification, included in the same Figures, while Figure 3
illustrates the inside of the furnace or fire-door to shew more clearly the
openings through which the air passes on its way to the fire; I, I, are
partitions or division plates fitted in the fire-box between the inner and
the outer skins d, e, as shown; these are held in place and supported by
bolts g, g, at the required distance from the bottom plate i, so that a
water channel is formed leading from one side of the partitions to the
other. The partitions terminate at their upper parts just below the

page_text: surface of the water, and are preferably curved at that part to direct the
hottest film or body of water which rises up that side by the greater
heat which it receives from the fire towards the central longitudinal
portion of the boiler, while at the same time the weight of the body of
water in the larger space between the partition and the outer skin forcos
a fresh supply of water into the narrower space near the inner skin. By
this means a constant circulation of the water in the boiler is taking
place. It can be well understood that if the body of water in a boiler is
divided, as shown in the Drawings, by partitions, that column nearest tho
fire-box becomes hot and is converted into steam quicker than the
column farthest from the fire-box, and in order to maintain a fixed
height of the water in the boiler, and to allow for the quantity which is
transformed into steam and thrown off from the surface, I cause a fresh
supply of less heated water from the other side of the partitions to take
its placo by passing under the partitions as indicated by the arrows.
The second part of the Invention is as before stated also shown in the
same Figures. It consists in forming a gas and smoke combustion
chamber in the rear of the fire space by extending the crown sheet of
the fire-box, and by fitting a partition or bridge to close the opening
except a narrow space at the top for the passage of the flame. The
partition or bridge is constructed in the form of an inverted V, the apex
forming a ridge and its base a space which may in a locomotive boiler
be occupied by the axle of one of the pairs of wheels. The walls of this
partition as well as the others which surround the fire-box and gas con-
bustion chamber are made hollow, and the extension of the firo surfaco
thereby attained increases the heating capacity to such an extent as to
greatly economise the amount of fuel, and admits of the tubes being
shorter than usual, and thus materially reducing the expence of building
engine boilers. E is gas and smoke combustion chamber behind the
bridge at the rear of the fire-space. This chamber is formed by carrying
the partition or bridge a up to a great height above the level of the fire-
bars so as to leave only a small narrow space between its top and thic
crown plate H; by this means the flame and products of combustion
meet at the upper part of the fire-box and become broken up and inter-
mingled one with the other, and the action of the flame upon the smoke
partially or wholly consumes it, and the heat thereby obtained assists in
the generation of the steam. The partition a is inclined away from the
fire-box at the top, and is connected to another plate or partition at K.

page_text: This plate or partition is inclined outwards at its bottom so that a
space G is formed for the axle of one of the pairs of wheels to work in if
the boiler is fitted on the frame of a railway engine, but which may be
filled up with fire-clay or other material, or left open if the boiler be
used for stationary purposes, as desired.
The fire-box portion A is shown of greater length than is usual, so
that a large heating surface is obtained at the fore part. This mode of
construction admits of shorter tubes being fitted in the barrel or cylin-
drical portion of the boiler, and by the heat and smoke on their passage
through the boiler being checked at the contracted part at the top of the
bridge a large proportion of the same which usually escapes by being
carried through by the draught is kept back, consumed, and utilized in
generating steam. In addition the large area of the combustion
chamber E admits of the sudden expansion of the gases after having
passed the contracted space, so that the maximum amount of heating
power of the fuel is withdrawn before it arrives at the funnel or uptake;
and to insure a constant supply of air to the combustion chamber I fit
tubes h, h, leading from the ash-pan or pit to direct a sufficient quantity
of air to the chamber. Any number of theso tubes may be employed,
or one or two broad tubes only, as circumstances may demand. I do
not fit air tubes in all cases, as the draught through the furnace door or
through the bars will be sufficiently strong to supply the chamber as.
well as the furnace. Thus ample time and opportunity aro afforded for
the complete combustion of all the gaseous products.
In Figure 3 of the Drawings annexed c, c, c, are graduated openings
in the furnace door J, the largest of the openings being at the bottom,
so that the greatest volume of air is free to enter and impinge against
the fire direct, while the other openings which are above are smaller, so
that the air admitted by them mixes itself with the heat and with the
products of combustion thrown off by the fire, where it serves to furnish
oxygen to the upper part of the fire-box to facilitate the perfect com-
bustion of the fuel. The openings are covered on the inside of the door
with wire gauze or perforated plates to break up the current of air on its
passage so that it becomes distributed over the entire area of the furnace
in finally subdivided jets.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
Firstly. Fitting partition plates between the outer skin and the fire-

page_text: box of boilers for facilitating tho generation of steam, substantially in
the manner herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. Forming a partition or bridge at the back part of a furnace
for the purpose of contracting the outlet from the fire-box, in tho
manner herein-before described and represented in the accompanying
Drawings.
And, Lastly. I claim the general combination of the above improve-
ments in one boiler for generating steam and economizing fuel, in the
manner herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elijah Weston, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
MOODY B. SMITH.
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Elijah
Weston, of Buffalo, New York, United States of America, assigueo of
the within-named Patent granted to Ann-Brooman, to file in the Great
Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same relates,
tho above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.