Improvements in Hydrocarbon Engines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1890-Accepted, 4th Oct., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by GEORGE BAILEY BRAYTON, of No. 35, Sudbury
Street, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.]
Improvements in Hydrocarbon Engines.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of engines which derive their power from the
expansion produced by the combustion of sprayed or atomized hydro-carbon in the
cylinder.
The objects of this invention are to insure an abundant supply of air to support
combustion in the cylinder with the least expenditure of power; also to provide means
whereby the liquid fuel is delivered into the combustion chamber in a finely divided
state most favorable to quick combustion, also to provide novel means for regulating
the speed of the engine by automatically varying the amount of liquid fuel which is
fed to the combustion chamber; also to construct an incandescent burner which will
instantly ignite the combustible mixture which is injected into the combustion
chamber; also to improve the engine in various other respects, as will be herein-
after described.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of my improved engine.
Figure 2 is a top plan view of the same.
Figure 3 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of the cylinder, combustion chamber,
burner and valve mechanism, on an enlarged scale.
Figure is a side elevation, of the gate whereby access may be had to the interior
of the cylinder for lighting the burner.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section in line x, x Figure 3 showing the spraying device
on an enlarged scale.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the burner on an enlarged scale, in line y, y
Figure 3.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of the governor which controls the oil pump, on
an enlarged scale.
Figure 8 is a horizontal section of the lower portion of the governor and of the oil
pump.
Figure 9 is a vertical cross section of the oil pump, in line w, w Figure 7.
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation of the safety valve whereby an excessive pressure
of air is relieved.
Figure 11 is a side elevation of the standard supporting the crank shaft and gearing
for operating the oil pump and valves.
Figure 12 is a rear elevation of the same.
Figure 13 is a horizontal section of said standard in line z, z Figure 11.
Figure 14 is a side elevation of the standard with gearing removed.
Figure 15 is a vertical section showing a modified construction of the spray
nozzle.
Figure 16 is a horizontal section of the same on an enlarged scale in line x, x
Figure 15.
Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several figures.
A represents a hollow rectangular base upon the front end of which is mounted a
vertical cylinder B provided with a piston b. The cylinder B is provided at its upper
end with a jacketed head C while its lower end is open and communicates with the
interior of the hollow base. The upper end of the cylinder B' extends about one half
A

page_text: of its diameter above the range of the upward stroke of the piston thereby forming
a compression and combustion chamber B in which the explosive material is ignited.
The piston bis of the cup-shaped pattern and provided contrally with an automatic
self opening valve 6' which is closed when the piston is forced downwardly by the
expansion of the gases in the combustion chamber but opens inwardly at every
alternate downward stroke of the piston for the admission of air which is compressed
on the upward stroke of the piston, and supplies the necessary oxygen preparatory to
another explosion.
The valve consists of a disc which closes an annular series of openings 6³ formed
in a plate 63 which is screwed into the piston head. This valve is normally held on
its seat by a spring & surrounding the valve stem and bearing with its ends against
the plate and a collar 66 attached to the lower end of the valve stem.
D. represents a walking beam arranged inside of the hollow base and mounted on a
rock shaft d. This base is connected at its front end with the piston by means of a
connecting rod d². D₁ represents a crank shaft journalled in standards d² d³ secured
to the upper rear end of the base. The crank shaft is provided on one side with a
balance wheel D2 and is connected with the rear end of the beam D by a connecting
rod d passing through an opening d' in the base. This opening also serves to.
admit air into the base for supplying the combustion chamber with oxygen.
E represents a cylindrical valve casing fitted snugly in a correspondingly shaped
opening in the cylinder head C. This casing contains the valve for controlling the
oil and air passage which supplies the combustible fluid to the combustion chamber B¹
and also contain the exhaust valve controlling the exhaust ports through which the
products of combustion are discharged.
e represents the supply pipe for the compressed air, and e¹ is the oil supply pipe,
both of which enter the head e² of the valve casing at its side and communicate
with a central receiving chamber e³ formed in the head of the valve casing, the oil-
pipe being arranged near the bottom of the receiving chamber and the air pipe
near the top thereof. The receiving chamber is closed at its upper end by a
head et provided with a stuffing box and communicates at its bottom with a passage es
formed in a stem e depending centrally from the head e². represents the oil and air
induction valve arranged in the receiving chamber and seated in the tapering
bottom of the latter so as to close the passage e*. The valve fis held on its seat by a
spring surrounding the upwardly extending valve rod and bearing with its ends
against the induction valve and the head e. The valve rod passes upwardly through
the stuffing box of the head et and is provided at its upper end with a thumb nut f³
which bears on the upper side of a rock lever F pivoted to the standard f. The
induction valve fis raised from its seat at regular intervals by this lever to allow the
oil and compressed air to pass from the receiving chamber into the passage e.
e represents a tube secured to the lower end of the hollow stem e and forming an
extension of the passage es. The lower end of the tube e' is provided with a nozzle
composed of a steel cylinder having radial perforations. The interior of the
cylinder is lined with finely perforated sheet metal or wire gauze e³. The perforations
in the outer cylinder are comparatively large while those of the lining are very fine
and divide the oil more minutely as it is forced through the same by the blast of air.
By this means the finely perforated sheet metal is protected from the combustion in
the combustion chamber by the enveloping thick steel cylinder while the latter. serves
as a firm support for the perforated sheet metal. The nozzle receives the oil and air.
from the passages and tube e and deflects the mixture radially outward while the
perforated lining divides the mixture into a finely divided spray, which is the most
favorable condition for instantaneous ignition and combustion. Each of the large
openings in the enveloping cylinder emits a separate jet composed of numerous fine
jets and the several jets being separated by air spaces, a very effective combustion is
obtained.
G. represents a burner secured to the side of the cylinder and arranged in the
combustion chamber directly in the path of the sprayed oil so as to ignite the same
instantly.

page_text: H represents the circular exhaust valve provided with an upwardly extending
sleeve which surrounds the valve stem e and is capable of vertical movement
thereon. The peripheral face of the exhaust valve tapers upwardly and fits a corre
spondingly shaped seat h¹ formed at the lower end of the valve casing. The interior
cavity of this valve casing, whose lower end is closed by the exhaust valve, forms an
exhaust chamber *.
h³ represents an exhaust passage surrounding the valve casing on the inside of the
water jacket of the cylinder head, and 4 are ports formed in the sides of the valve
casing so as to establish communication between the exhaust chamber and the exhaust
passage.
The cylinder B and its head Care both provided with water jackets c c¹ to avoid
excessive heating. The cylindrical body of the valve casing extends through the
water jacket of the cylinder head and is secured thereon by bolts e¹¹.
represents two rods whereby the exhaust valve is actuated and which pass
vertically through openings in the head of the valve casing and engage with their
lower hooked ends in an annular groove formed in the sleeve h. The rods are
connected at their upper ends by a bar / which bears against the lower side of the
rock lever F and by which the rods are lowered and the exhaust valve is opened.
The latter is held on its seat by means of springs h³ which surround the rods ³ and
bear with their ends against the cross bar h and the head of the valve casing. The
exhaust valve is opened periodically by the descent of the lever F and allows the
products of combustion after each explosion to be discharged into the exhaust chamber
thence into the exhaust passage through the ports and thence into an exhaust
pipe hº.
The induction valve and exhaust valve are actuated alternately by the rock
lever F. In the position shown in Figure 3, the lever F is in its normal position in
which position both the induction and exhaust valves are closed. For the purpose of
admitting the liquid fuel to the combustion chamber the rock lever is quickly raised
above its normal position and returned to the same. This movement of the rock lever
opens the induction valve momentarily and causes a quantity of liquid fuel to be
delivered into the combustion chamber by a gust of compressed air. For the purpose
of exhausting the products of combustion the rock lever is lowered beyond its normal
position whereby the exhaust valve is opened.
The burner for igniting the charge of sprayed fuel is arranged horizontally in
the combustion chamber and secured to the cylinder by means of a tube g which
supplies oil and air to the burner. The tube g is screwed into the end of a plug g¹
which is held by friction in a bushing that extends from the outer jacket c to the
inside of the cylinder. The burner consists of a hollow shell divided into front end
rear chambers g gt by a perforated disc g³ which is held in place by screwing both
parts of the shell together. The rear portion of the burner shell is provided with a
screw threaded socket which is screwed upon the end of the oil supply tube 9, and
communicates by an aperture gⓇ with the tube g. The rear chamber is closely packed
with asbestos or other non-combustible material which absorbs the oil. The front
chamber g³ is open and contains the incandescent medium 97, preferably platinum
wire which is coiled and arranged loosely so as to fill the front chamber the coiled
platinum being retained therein by an inwardly projecting annular flange 98. The
plug g' is provided with an axial passage g in line with the tube g and projects a
short distance beyond the side of the cylinder jacket.
I represents an oil fountain which contains the oil by which the burner G is fed.
i represents a wick of any suitable absorbent material secured with one end to the
enlarged outer portion of the passage g' which opens into the upper portion of the oil
cup. represents a branch passage formed in the plug g parallel with the main
passage g. This branch passage is elbow shaped and opens at its outer end into the
upper portion of the oil cup while its inner end opens into the main passage on the
inner side of the enlargement of the latter in which the wick is arranged. repre-
sents a needle valve arranged in the branch passage and by which the amount of air
necessary to maintain a flame in the burner can be regulated.

page_text: 3 represents an air supply pipe which connects with the lower end of the oil fountain
and is provided with a cock by which the air supply is regulated. i represents a
vertical tube secured centrally in the oil cup and extending above the surface of the
oil in the same.
The tube is open at its upper end and provided near the bottom of
the oil cup with openings which allow the surrounding oil to enter the tube.
represents a jet pipe secured to the cock and arranged within the tube thereby
forming a contracted extension of the air supply pipe. The jet pipe extends a short
distance above the oil openings in the outer tube. The compressed air issuing
from the jet pipe causes the oil in the surrounding tube to be carried upwardly and to
be discharged from the upper end of the tube in the form of a spray.
The wick in the plug g' is arranged to hang over the upper end of the spray tube
and the effect of the air current is to cause a constant spurting of the oil against the
bottom of the wick, thereby providing for a certain supply of oil moisture in the wick
at all times.
It is immaterial whether the cup is full of oil or not as the surplus oil which is not
absorbed by the wick crops back into the body of the oil, and enters the openings in
the spray tube thereby maintaining a continuous circulation of oil through the injector
and oil cup. The particles of oil absorbed by the wick are deposited in the main
passage leading to the burner while the air issuing from the spray tube enters first the
branch passage and then the main passage and carries the oil deposited therein forward
to the burner where it is absorbed by the asbestos packing of the burner.
The platinum in the front chamber when heated transmits its heat through the per-
forated disc to the asbestos and vaporizes the oil which is absorbed by the asbestos in the
rear chamber. The air which passes through the burner conveys this vapor through
the platinum where the vapor becomes ignited and forms a flame which issues from
the front chamber of the burner into the combustion chamber. The air passing
through the burner supplies this flame with oxygen and the constant supply of air
and oil to the burner maintains the flame constantly.
The upper portion 1 of the chamber I in which the wick is arranged is preferably
contracted to limit the lateral movement of the wick as it is tossed about by the jet
of oil and air and prevent it from escaping the spray of oil. Oil is supplied to the
fountain, when necessary, through an opening which is closed by a thumb screw ³.
J represents a small condensing air pump which supplies air under pressure for
atomizing the liquid fuel charges and forcing them into the combustion chamber.
This air pump also supplies the jet of air for feeding the oil wick in the fountain and
the necessary oxygen for sustaining combustion in the burner. This air pump is
arranged upon the base between the cylinder and the crank shaft and has its delivery
pipe connected with the air pipe e for atomizing the liquid fuel and with the air
pipe of the oil fountain. The air pump cylinder is provided with a piston j¹
which is reciprocated from the walking beam D'by a pitman 7 and provided with an
air inlet valve.
The surplus air compressed by the air pump is discharged into a storage reservoir
preferably located in the base of the engine and connected with the delivery pipe of
the air pump by a branch pipe j. represents a safety valve which is connected with
the air pipes and prevents the air pressure from becoming excessive. It consists
preferably of a puppet valve arranged in a casing and held in its seat by a box
spring engaging with its free ends under an annular flange and bearing on the
valve by means of an adjusting screw which enables the pressure to be regulated.
K represents the oil pump which injects the charges of oil consumed in the com-
bustion chamber. The oil pump is provided with the usual plunger K¹ and slide
valve K² which insures a positive supply of oil to the receiving chamber e³. The latter
is connected with the valve chamber of the pump by the supply pipe e¹. The oil pump
is secured to a standard L which also serves to support the governor for regulating the
supply of oil. The valve and plunger of the oil pump are actuated by eccentrics m m¹
mounted on the inner end of a short shaft M journalled in the standard d' of the
crank shaft and connected with the plunger and valve by rods. The rod actuat-
ing the slide valve is rigidly connected with its eccentric but the rod / which actuates

page_text: the plunger K¹ is jointed and capable of being automatically lengthened or shortened
in order to vary the stroke of the plunger in accordance with the supply of oil
demanded for maintaining a uniform speed. The inner end of the plunger rod is
arranged between the jaws of the bifurcated outer end of the plunger K' and held
loosely therein by a transverse pin K³ which engages in a longitudinal slot K* in the
rod so as to permit a limited longitudinal movement of the rod on the pin.
represents a wedge interposed between the bifurcated end of the plunger and the
rear end of the rod 7. This wedge is raised and lowered by the centrifugal governor L2,
the balls of which actuate a vertical rod engaging with its lower end with a rock
lever pivoted to the side of the standard L. The outer end of the rock lever is
connected with the wedge by a link . The governor is provided with a pulley 1
which is driven from the crank shaft 1. When the speed of the engine is below the
normal the spindle of the governor will be raised by the spring 18, which causes
the wedge to be depressed and to take up the lost motion between the plunger and the
plunger rod. This prevents the rod from moving lengthwise on the pin and enables.
the plunger to effect a complete stroke When the speed of the engine increases
above the normal the wedge is raised by the action of the governor bails and permits.
the connecting rod to move lengthwise on the pin to a greater or less extent
without actuating the plunger thereby reducing the amount of oil supplied to the
combustion chamber. The amount of lost motion is regulated at all times by the
rise or fall of the wedge thereby regulating the amount of liquid fuel necessary
to maintain a uniform speed of the engine.
represents a pipe which supplies oil to the pump K from any suitable source and
connects with the inlet port of the pump communicating with the slide valve
chamber. The cylinder of the pump is alternately placed in communication with the
inlet port and the valve chamber by the slide valvo in a well known manner. When
the cylinder is placed in communication with the valve chamber the plunger forces
a jet of oil through the pipe e leading from the valve chamber to the receiving
chamber e.
The shaft M of the oil pump is arranged in a sleeve M¹ provided at its outer end
with a gear wheel m³ which meshes with a gear wheel m³ mounted on the end of the
crank-shaft. m represents a crank secured to the outer end of the shaft M and provided
in its end with a spring bolt m³ which engages in a recess m° formed in the adjacent.
gear wheel m², thereby locking the shaft M and sleeve M¹ together and compelling
them to rotate in unison. The crank m² can be disengaged from the gear wheel m
by giving the handle m' of the crank a quick rotary movement which releases the
spring bolt from the recess m owing to its tapering end and allows the oil pump to
be operated by hand, independent of the remaining parts of the engine in order to
inject the first charge of oil into the receiving chamber for starting the engine. The
gear wheel m³ is half the size of the gear wheel m² so that the latter will make half
the number of revolutions of the former and consequently actuate the oil pump so as
to inject a charge of oil into the receiving chamber e³ at every alternate revolution of
the crank shaft.
N represents a short rock shaft journalled in the standard & of the crank shaft
and provided on its front end with an elbow lever n and on its rear end with a
depending arm n¹. The depending arm connects with the rock lever P by an
intermediate bell crank n supported on the governor standard L and connected
respectively with with the rock lever and depending arm by a vertical rod n³ and
a horizontal rod n*.
The gear wheel m³ is provided on its inner side with a horizontal pin n' which
is adapted to strike the lower arm n of the elbow lever and depress the same at every
revolution. When the arm n° is depressed it moves the depending arm outwardly
and raises the rock lever F above its normal position by means of the intermediate
bell crank n³ and connecting rods and thereby opens the induction valve.
0 represents a cam mounted on the sleeve M between the standard and gear
wheel m². This cam is provided with a short projection o' and a long projection o
which engage alternately with the upper arm o of the elbow lever and force the same

page_text: outwardly. When the projections o¹ o engage against the roller o on the end of the
arm o³ and force the latter outwardly, the depending arm n' is moved inwardly. This
movement of the latter depresses the rock lever F below its normal position by means
of the intermediate bell crank and opens the exhaust valve. The rock lever P is
alternately moved above and below its normal position by the horizontal pin and cam
which oscillate the elbow lever connected with the rock lever by the intermediate
devices and alternately open and close the induction and exhaust valves. When the
short projection o' of the cam strikes the elbow lever, the latter opens the exhaust
valve and holds it open during about one half of the upward stroke of the piston so as
to permit one half of the amount of air to escape through the exhaust before
compression in the cylinder takes place. When the piston terminates its upward
stroke the pin n strikes the lower arm of the elbow lever which opens the induction
valve and injects a spray of oil by air pressure into the combustion chamber. The
expansion resulting from the combustion forces the piston downwardly. When the
return upward stroke of the piston begins the long projection o of the cam strikes
the elbow lever and opens the exhaust valve and holds it open during the entire
upward stroke of the piston whereby the products of combustion are allowed to be
discharged from the cylinder.
P represents a port formed in the side of the cylinder diametrically opposite the
burner through which access is afforded for lighting the burner when it is desired to
start the engine. The port is formed of a cylindrical bushing which extends through
the water jacket to the cylinder. The bushing is screw threaded at its inner end and
engages with a screw thread in the cylinder while its outer end is provided with a
flange which bears against the water jacket. p' represents a gate adapted to slide
over the port P so as to open or close the same. The gate is of circular form and
seated loosely in a socket p* formed in a hand lever p³. The hand lever is pivoted on
one side of the port to an extension p on the flange p by a nut and bolt which also
permit the gate to be tightened. p' is a stop secured to the lower side of the flange p
which limits the downward movement of the gate. pe represents a glass disc
secured in a central opening p of the gate by means of a hollow screw thimble p³.
This glass disc enables the flashes to be distinctly seen in the combustion chamber and
also permits the condition of the incandescent burrer to be determined. The
burner G is lighted by a torch of asbestos soaked with oil or alcohol and which is
introduced through the port P and held under the burner until the coil of platinum
has become thoroughly heated. The gate is then closed and a preliminary charge of
oil is injected in the combustion chamber for the purpose of propelling the engine
through the first cycle. This preliminary supply of oil is supplied by disengaging
the crank m from the adjacent gear wheel m² and rotating the same by hand
whereby the first charge of oil necessary is supplied for injection into the combustion
chamber.
The first downward and upward movement of the piston must be effected by turning
the fly wheel by hand in order to compress the first charge of air in the combustion
chamber or compressed air for starting may be supplied from a reservoir. After the
engine has been started the operation through one cycle is as follows:-When the
spray of oil has been injected into the charge of compressed air contained in the com-
bustion chamber and the combustible mixture has been ignited the expansion in the
combustion chamber forces the piston downwardly. During its returning upward
stroke the exhaust valve opens and allows the gases resulting from the combustion to
escape. As the piston propelled by the momentum of the balance wheel again descends
during the next non-firing stroke the central air inlet valve of the piston opens auto-
matically and allows the fresh air to enter the cylinder. During the first part of the
return upward stroke after the non-firing downward stroke the exhaust valve is again
opened so that any part of the gaseous products of combustion which remains in the
upper part of the cylinder is discharged from the top of the cylinder with the excess
of air. The exhaust valve is then closed and the fresh air confined in the cylinder is
compressed by the piston while it completes the last half of its upward stroke. At
the same instant that the piston terminates its upward stroke the induction valve is

page_text: quickly opened and closed whereby the compressed air contained in the receiving
chamber in the head of the valve chamber drives the charge of oil out of the receiving
chamber and down the central passage into the nozzle at the lower end thereof and
outwardly through the perforations in said nozzle in a finely divided spray into the
combustion chamber where it is instantly ignited and exploded. This is done so
quickly and effectually that the ignition and full expansion are effected at the very
commencement of the down stroke. The charges of oil may be delivered to the
receiving chamber at any convenient time during the period in which the induction
valve reinains closed so that when the latter is opened and closed by a quick move-
ment, the force of the blast or gust of compressed air drives the oil all out of the
chamber and into the combustion chamber in a finely divided spray most suitable for
instantaneous combustion. The piston alternately reciprocates with a firing and non-
firing stroke. The incandescent burner in the combustion chamber is burning at all
times but no explosion can take place until the charge of atomized fuel is driven into
the combustion chamber. By injecting the oil charges in an atomized condition into
a body of compressed air; in this manner an excess of oxygen is present above what
is necessary to burn the entire oil charge which ensures complete combustion. Much
advantage is gained by arranging the oil discharge nozzle in the centre of the cylinder
as it affords a protection from the cooling effect of the side of the cylinder which is
surrounded by the water jacket. By locating the valve for the admission of fresh air
in the piston, the fresh cool air owing to its greater specific gravity. remains at the
bottom of the cylinder immediately over the piston, while the hot gaseous products of
combustion remain in the upper portion of the cylinder and in the combustion chamber
and are first to be discharged on opening the exhaust valve. A further advantage is
gained by arranging the air inlet valve in the piston as it opens readily inwardly
during the non-firing downward stroke of the piston and offers little resistance to the
latter, thereby supplying a sufficient quantity of fresh air with the least expenditure of
power. The automatic air valve also opens when there is a partial vacuum in the
combustion chamber so as to relieve the piston from any back pressure due to a light
charge of sprayed oil. The central arrangement of the exhaust valve affords a free
escape for the products of combustion which is important as an admixture of the same
with the air would materially impair the energy of the engine by reason of an
imperfect combustion. Any leakage of gases through and around the piston escapes
into the base of the engine and a decided advantage is gained in ventilation by draw-
ing the fresh air supply for the combustion chamber from the nase of the engine
thereby avoiding any unpleasant odors resulting from leakage. By constructing the
incandescent burner of platinum and asbestos or other substance capable of being
highly treated, it will wear a long time without injury from the inflammable charges.
The products of combustion generated by the burner are very small in volume so
that they have no appreciable effect upon the force of the expanding charges, and as
no ignition can take place until the charge of atomized oil enters the combustion
chamber, there is no necessity for withdrawing the burner from the combustion
chamber after ignition as is usual in explosive gas engines, and thus much com-
plication is avoided.
In the modified construction of the spray nozzle represented in Figures 15 and 16,
the nozzle is composed of a deflecting cup 7 which is arranged slightly below the open
end of the tube e and provided between the latter and its upturned marginal flange
with a cover of finely perforated sheet metal or wire gauze. This cup receives the
oil and air from the passage e and tube e and deflects the mixture upwardly while
the gauze cover divides the mixture into a finely divided spray, suitable for immediate
combustion.
If desired a concave disc r¹ about half the diameter of the cylinder may be secured
to the tube e at its point of junction with the hollow stem e, as shown in Figure 15.
This disc which becomes intensely heated by the combustion of the successive charges
in the combustion chamber intercepts any particles of the upwardly sprayed, fuel
which may escape ignition and instantly converts them into vapour and causes them
to be consumed with the rest of the charge.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The combination with a cylinder provided with a valve guarded air inlet, a
piston which moves forward while said inlet is open, and then rearward after it is
closed for compressing air thus supplied to the cylinder, of a spraying device within
the cylinder and a pump which forces a charge of liquid fuel through and from said
spraying device into said cylinder in a finely divided condition fit for immediate com-
bustion in the presence of the compressed air substantially as set forth.
Second. In an engine organized to be operated by the combustion of fuel within
the cylinder or in a chamber communicating therewith, the combination of an inter-
mittingly operated oil forcing pump, and oil duct leading to the firing end of the
cylinder, and a spraying device which delivers the liquid fuel in a finely divided
condition within the firing portion of the cylinder, whereby as a result of each forcing
stroke of said pump, liquid fuel is mechanically sprayed within the firing chamber
in a condition for prompt and practically instantaneous combustion, substantially as
.set forth.
Third. The combination with the engine cylinder its piston and an air inlet through
which air is admitted to the cylinder, of an oil receiving chamber having an outlet
into the engine cylinder, a conduit through which compressed air is admitted to
said chamber a conduit through which oil is admitted to said chamber and a discharge
valve applied to said chamber whereby the charge of oil is blown out of said chamber
and delivered into the cylinder by the compressed air upon opening the valve,
substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the engine cylinder having an air inlet and valve,
and a piston which moves forward whilo said inlet is open and rearward after it is
closed for compressing the admitted air, of a spray pipe arranged within the cylinder,
an oil receiving chamber communicating with said spray pipe, an oil pump which
feeds oil to said chamber a conduit through which compressed air is supplied to said
chamber, and a valvo which is open for permitting the compressed air to drive the oil
from said chamber through the spray pipo into the cylinder, substantially as set
forth.
Fifth. The combination with the engine cylinder, its piston and an air inlet and
valve which is opened during the forward stroke of the piston for admitting the air
and closed during the return stroke for compressing the air, of a burner arranged
within the cylinder, an oil receiving chamber provided with a discharge valve and
with a spray pipe terminating near the burner, an air compressor communicating with
said chamber, an oil pump connected with said chamber, and an automatic regulator
whereby variable charges of oil are fed to said chamber substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination with the engine cylinder, its piston, and an air inlet and
valve, of a burner arranged within the cylinder, a chamber having a spray pipe
terminating near the burner, an oil pump and an air pump feeding oil and compressed
air to said chamber, and a valve whereby the discharge of oil from said chamber is
controlled, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination with the engine cylinder, its piston, and the air inlet
and valve which is open during the forward stroke of the piston for admitting the air
and closed during the return stroke for compressing the air, of a burner arranged
within the combustion chamber of the cylinder, a receiving chamber, provided with a
spray nozzle within the combustion chamber, and oil and air conduits through
which oil and air are supplied to said chamber, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination with the engine cylinder open at one end, of a piston
provided with an air inlet valve, a burner arranged within the cylinder near the closed
end thereof, a receiving chamber arranged at the closed end of the cylinder and having
a spray nozzle within the clinder near the burner, conduits for oil and compressed air
entering said chamber, and a valve which is opened at intervals for discharging the
oil from said chamber, substantially as set forth.

page_text: Ninth. The combination with the engine cylinder provided at one end with an oil
receiving chamber and a spray pipe extending from said chamber into the cylinder,
of an exhaust passage through which said spray pipe extends, and an exhaust valve
which is seated in said passage and which surrounds said spray pipe, substantially
as set forth.
Tenth. The combination with the engine cylinder provided at one end with an oil
receiving chamber and having a spray pipe extending into the cylinder, of an exhaust
passage in which said spray pipe is arranged, an exhaust valve surrounding said
spray pipe and seated in said passage, a discharge valve arranged in the oil receiving
chamber, and an actuating lever connected with both valves, substantially as set
forth.
Eleventh. The combination with the engine cylinder and the burner arranged
therein, of an oil supply pipe extending into the cylinder and provided on one side
of the burner with a spray nozzle and on the opposite side of said burner with a
vaporizing shield, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth. The combination with the hollow base provided with an unobstructed
opening through which the external air can freely enter said base, of an engine
cylinder connected with its open end to said base, a piston provided with an air inlet
and valve through which air is taken from the hollow base into the cylinder an oil
supply conduit and valve arranged at the upper end of the cylinder, and a burner
arranged within the cylinder whereby the open base is ventilated into the engine
cylinder, substantially as set forth.
Thirteenth. The combination with the engine cylinder provided with a fuel supply
valve and an exhaust valve, of an actuating lever connected with both valves and a
rotating cam and pin whereby said lever is moved three times in succession for every
two revolutions of the engine shaft, the first movement opening the exhaust valve
partly and discharging the surplus air, the next movement opening the fuel supply
valve and the last movement opening the exhaust valve for discharging the products
of combustion, substantially as set forth.
Fourteenth. A burner composed of a shell provided with an oil and air supply,
an absorbent packing arranged in said shell, a perforated plate for holding said
packing in place, and in incandescent medium for preserving the flame, substantially
as set forth.
Fifteenth. The combination with the burner and the passage through which oil
is supplied thereto, of a wick arranged in said passage, and an air jet device
whereby a spray of oil is delivered on said wick, substantially as set forth.
Sixteenth. The combination with the burner and the passage through which oil
is supplied thereto, of a wick arranged in said passage, an oil reservoir and a blast
pipe arranged in said reservoir, and provided with inlets through which the oil enters
said pipe, substantially as set forth.
Seventeenth. The combination with the burner and the passage through which oil
is supplied thereto, of an oil reservoir communicating at its upper end with said
passage, a wick arranged at the upper end of said reservoir and entering said passage,
a branch passage whereby air is conducted from the upper portion of said reservoir
past the wick into the passage leading to the burner, and a blast pipe arranged
in the lower portion of the reservoir and provided with inlets for the oil, substantially
as set forth.
ינים
1
1
T 1
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.