IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AIR BLAST FOR PORTABLE FORGES AND OTHER PURPOSES to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: We WILLIAM BAXTER the Younger Engineer and CHARLES HEALD PECK
Auctioneer both of Wisbeach in the County of Cambridge, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AIR
BLAST FOR PORTABLE FORGES AND OTHER PURPOSES to be as follows:-
"
For producing an air blast for a portable forge we form below the whole of the
bed of the forge a closed chamber to be partly filled with liquid say to about one
half of its depth. This chamber we divide into two compartments by a vertical
partition carried downwards from the top of the chamber and dipping into the
liquid contained therein.
One compartment Inade to serve as a double acting pump barrel. The other
contains an inverted reservoir or holder of compressed air which dips into the liquid
at the bottom of the chamber. The air is pumped into this reservoir and passes
from it to the outlet or delivery nozzle-the inverted reservoir by rising and falling
equalizes the delivery of the blasts. The piston which works to and fro in the other
compartment is also formed as an inverted vessel like an ordinary gasometer. From
the centre of the closed top of the piston a rod is made to descend through a long
stuffing box and through the bottom of the chamber.
Below the bottom of the chamber the lower end of the rod is connected to one
end of a lever which at its opposite end has a vertical connecting rod coupled to it
by which it can be worked upwards and downwards. The fulcrum of the lever is
carried by a short vertical link jointed to a lug which projects from the underside
of the chamber-this link allows the fulcrum of the lever to play to and fro and
permits the piston rod to move upwards and downwards in a straight line. Other
short horizontal links coupled to the lever and to another lug which projects
downwards from the bottom of the chamber compel the end of the lever to which
the piston rod is jointed to move up and down in the same straight line as the rod.
Legs projecting downwards below the bottom of the chamber keep it at a sufficient
distance from the ground to allow free play to the lever and piston rod.
At the bottoin of the chamber and inside the pump compartment is a valve box
from which a pipe rises to above the level of liquid in the chamber. Within the
valve box is an inlet valve by which air can enter through an opening formed
through the bottom of the chamber. Within the valve box another opening is also

page_text: formed through the bottom of the chamber-it opens into an air passage which leads
to an inlet valve within a second valve box at the bottom of the other compartment
of the chamber. Within the valve box another opening is also formed through the
bottom of the chamber leading into an air passage from which passes the blast or
outlet pipe. A pipe also rises from this second valve box to above the level of the
liquid in the chamber.
When the piston is made to rise air passes into the interior of the piston through
the inlet valve in the valve box at the bottom of the pump chamber. When the
piston moves downwards air is expelled from the interior of the piston and passes into
the interior of the compressed air reservoir and to the blast outlet.
Above the top of the chamber and at one corner of the bed of the forge is another
valve box divided into two compartments one containing an inlet and the other an
outlet valve. The inlet valve admits air to the top of the pump compartment when
the piston descends-and through the outlet valve air passes to the blast pipe and to
the storage compartment when the piston rises.
In this way the pressure of blast delivered from the blast nozzle will be main-
tained constantly at a uniform pressure or approximately so.
The same construction of hydraulic bellows or air blast apparatus can be used for
producing air blast for other purposes.

page_text: We WILLIAM BAXTER the Younger Engineer and CHARLES HEALD PECK
Auctioneer both of Wisbeach in the County of Cambridge do hereby declare the
nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AIR
BLAST FOR PORTABLE FORGES AND OTHER PURPOSES" and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for producing air
blast for portable forges and other purposes.
Our improved apparatus consists of a water tank containing in a closed compart-
ment within it an inverted vessel like an ordinary gasometer.
By means of a lever handle and suitable connections this inverted vessel can be
moved up and down. It then operates as a piston, as it rises air enters beneatli.it,
by an inlet valve and an ascending pipe and air is expelled past an outlet valve from
the part of the chamber above.
Similarly when the inverted vessel is caused to descend the air beneath it is
expelled past another outlet valve whilst air enters the part of the closed chamber
above the inverted vessel by a second inlet valve.
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Our apparatus is provided also with another inverted vessel serving as a reservoir
or holder of compressed air, it is contained within another compartment of the tank
and dips into the water contained therein. There is an ascending pipe within this
air holder by which air enters and leaves it and this pipe is in connection with that
which receives the air expelled from the other section of the apparatus. The latter
pipe also is in connection with the blast orifice. The function of this air holder is
to maintain an approximately uniform pressure of blast, it receives the air when,
delivered from the first compartment in excess of the quantity passing out by the,
blast orifice and on the contrary it descends and returns the air when the escape,
by the blast orifice is momentarily in excess of the quantity delivered from the
compartment within which the piston works when our blast apparatus is applied to
a portable forge the tank is placed beneath the bed of the forge.
For imparting movement to the inverted vessel or piston the end of the rod may
be connected to one end of a lever. The fulcrum of the lever is carried by short
upright vibrating links and other links couple the lever with a lug in such manner
as to compel the end of the lever to which the piston rod is jointed to move up and
down in the same straight line as the rod. This arrangement is especially applicable
to hydraulic blast apparatus disconnected from the forge.
In order that our said invention may be most fully understood and readily carried
into effect we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portable forge with the blowing apparatus
beneath the hearth a portion of the chamber or tank being cut away to show the
upper valve box in section. Figure 2 is a longitudinal section. Figure 3 is a cross
section and Figure 4 a plan with the hearth removed.
In these figures a is a chamber or tank partly filled with water and divided into
two compartments. In each of these is an inverted vessel b. b' similar to a small
gas holder of rectangular or other suitable form. Passing up through the bottom
1
1
1

page_text: down in a casting g at the top of which is a stuffing box gl. At the bottom of the
tank a is arranged a valve box / having two stand pipes and h² passing up inside
each of the inverted vessels b. b¹ and in the valve box are fitted valves i. i. When
the lever e is depressed it raises the inverted vessel b which now acts as a piston and
a partial vacuum is formed in its interior this causes air to pass in through the
valve i and up the stand pipe ¹ into the interior of the vessel b. When the vessel b
is caused to descend the air contained in the inverted vessel b passes back down the
pipe through the valve i¹ partly up through the stand pipe 2 into the interior of
the inverted reservoir b₁ and partly it escapes through the blast pipe to the
tuyere k.
The downward movement of the inverted vessel b causes a partial vacuum to be
formed in the upper portion of the chamber or tank a and air passes in through the
valve l.
On the next upward movement this air is expelled by the valve m and it passes
out into the blast pipe j and tlience partly to the tuyere and partly into the inverted
reservoir from which it is always free to return through the blast pipe to the
tuyeres. In this way a constant regular blast is delivered to the tuyere.
The apparatus described in the above figures is mounted on wheels and legs and
ean readily be moved from one position to another.
A modification of the above is shown in Figure 5. The blowing apparatus is not
in this case combined with a forge. In this figure in place of the rack c, passing up
through the bottom of the tank a and being guided by the bracket g a piston rod n
passes down through a stuffing box o, in the top of the tank and it is firmly secured
to the top of the inverted reservoir. This rod is jointed to a hand lever p which
has its fulcrum on the upright links q whilst other links r jointed to a fixed
support & control the lever so that its end where it is jointed to the rod moves in_a_
réctilinear course.
_ Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. A blast apparatus consisting of an inverted vessel moved up and down in a
closed tank partly filled with liquid and provided with valves for the inlet and outlet
of air both below and above the inverted vessel and of an air holder serving to
equalize the blast substantially as described.
2. The combination with a portable forgo of hydraulic double acting air blast
apparatus substantially as described.
3. Operating the inverted vessel of an hydraulic blast apparatus by the rod o
lever p and links q and 1, substantially as described.
Dated the 5th day of January 1885.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants..