IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND THE MEANS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
Sealed the 18th January 1860, and dated the 18th July 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1859.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved fastening to be employed in securing
the soles of boots and shoes to the uppers, and consists in the employment for
that purpose of a flat or nearly flat headed nail, somewhat similar in con-
struction to a common "tack," but differing therefrom and from all other
nails or fastenings hitherto used, and for the above purpose in the manufacture
of boots and shoes, inasmuch as the expanded head which is formed slightly
convex, is shaped and finished by suitable mechanism to any desired regular
form, such as round, square, oval, or polygonal, and consequently when this
fastening is driven into the shoc, the operation of "rasping" or "smoothing" is
obviated as the external portion of the fastening is perfectly formed, and

page_text: finished during its manufacture before insertion, and when inserted completes
the external finish of the sole, and serves to ornament the same. These
fastenings are also formed with tapering points or with chisel or clinching
points to enable them to be readily clinched or rivetted over the inner sole or
upper when desired, and I also form an additional shoulder or shoulders upon
the shank, and impress or cut upon the heads concentric grooves or rings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN
BERNARD, of the Albany, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Julian Bernard, Her special licence that me, the said Julian
Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Julian Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND THE MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Julian
Bernard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to bo performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
baid Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-

page_text: This Invention relates to an improved fastening to be employed in securing
the soles of boots and shoes to the uppers, and consists in the employment for
that purpose of a flat or nearly flat headed nail, somewhat similar in con-
struction to a common tack, but differing therefrom and from all other nails
or fastenings hitherto used for the above purpose in the manufacture of boots
and shoes, inasmuch as the expanded head is shaped and finished by suitable
mechanism to any desired regular form, such as round, square, oval, or
polygonal, and consequently when this fastening is driven into the boot or
shoe the operation of "rasping" or "smoothing" is obviated, as the external
portion of the fastening is perfectly formed and finished during its manufacture
before insertion, and when inserted completes the external finish of the sole,
and serves to ornament the same. These fastenings are also formed with
tapering points, or with chisel or clinching points to enable them to be readily
clinched or rivetted over the inner sole or upper when desired, and I also form
an additional shoulder or shoulders upon the shank, and impress or cut upon
the heads concentric grooves or rings.
And in order that my said Invention may be clearly understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, the
same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Fig. 1 illustrates one form of the peculiar fast'ning herein-before referred to,
with a chisel shaped shank A; the head B is represented as having a circular
formation, but any other shape, such as triangular, polygonal, or oval may be
used, providing always that it be perfectly finished before its insertion into the
boot or shoe, so that there shall exist no necessity for "rasping" or "smooth-
ing the heads of the fast'nings after they are placed in their respective holes
in the boot or shoe. This fast'ning is shewn with concentric rings cut or
impressed upon the surface of the head, but that part may be left quite plain
& unornamented if required.
Fig. 2 indicates a fast'ning with a square-shouldered, triangular, or other
shaped head, having its shank A terminated with a chisel point.
Fig. 4 is a fast'ning of similar description to the last named, with a
gradually tapering or conical shank.
Fig. 5 illustrates a form of fast'ning whose head is made slightly convex so
as to fix itself firmly into the material in which it is inserted.
Having now described & particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, & the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe that what I consider novel & wish to claim is as

page_text: follows: I would remark that I do not claim headed tacks as ordinarily used
in the manufacture of boots & shoes, as various forms of tacks or headed nails
have been employed in such manufacture heretofore, both for fastening the
parts together as well as for the purpose of increasing the wearing qualities of
the boot or shoe; but what I do claim is the use & application of a thin
headed tack of the description & character herein-before described & referred
to, having a finished or uniform head for the purpose of uniting the "bottoms"
to the upper parts of boots & shoes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have hereunto set my
hand & seal, this Eighteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
1860.
JULN. BERNARD. (L.B.)