Improvements in Flexible Hose or Tubing, and in the Manufacture of the same.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 14th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 13th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 16th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Flexible Hose or Tubing, and in the Manufacture
of the same.
I, JOHN COCKBURN of 38 Forbes Road, Edinburgh, Superintendent of Rubber
Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
These improvements relate, more particularly to flexible hose or tubing intended
to carry high internal pressures, and consists in applying to hose as hitherto made
either of india rubber or leather or other materials, made either with or without
wire, a covering constructed as follows. Before india rubber hose is vulcanized
I spin over it a series of metal wires spirally, at a suitable pitch or angle say
45 degrees or less with the axis of the tube, the several wires, of which are kept
at any suitable distance apart; and outside of this spiral 1 wrap a layer of rubber
coated cloth or canvas, which is pressed down between the convolutions, and in
virtue of being coated with rubber adheres between the convolutions to the outer
rubber covering of the hose. Outside this cloth covering again I spin a similar
series of metal wires, but in the opposite direction, and as the layer of cloth between
the two spirals is purposely coated on the outer surface with a sufficiently thick
layer of rubber to permit of the outer spirals bedding therein the wires thereof are
embedded in the rubber and thereby kept apart. By this means the hose is
strengthened, and rendered capable of resisting very high pressures not only radially
but longitudinally, the latter of which is generally more difficult to provide for with
ordinary hose than the former; for the crossed spirals above referred to being spun
with a rapid pitch will, when taken hold of by a suitable coupling such as now in
use for high pressure hose, be equally as effective for resisting end pressure as
radial pressure, which hose strenghtened by a single spiral spun in one direction is
incapable of. The hose and cover are then vulcanized in the ordinary way.
In applying the covering to leather hose I first wrap one or more layers of cloth or
canvas around a mandril of same external diameter as the leather hose, and outside
of that layer or layers I spin the inner series of spiral wires, which I wrap with a
layer of rubber-coated cloth or canvas, and thereon I spin the second or reversed
series of wires as with india rubber hose. The covering is then vulcanized in the
ordinary way, and the leather hose then drawn inside. This is necessary, as the
heat required for vulcanization would injure leather.
In applying the covering to woven hose the surface of the woven hose is coated
with india rubber: a mandril is put inside and the operations are the same as
required for covering india rubber hose.
sometimes employ my improved hose covering as the constituent part of the
hose itself, in which form it is very useful for hose used to carry steam. In the
construction thereof I wrap round a mandril, having its diameter equal to the desired
bore of the hose, a layer of rubber as the inside lining of the hose, and sometimes
outside of this a layer of cloth coated with rubber, then follow the inner spiral
wires, then rubber-coated cloth, then the outer reversed spiral wires, and so on, as
already described. If desired I may have more than two layers of spiral. wires
with rubber-coated cloth between.
The outside wires may be covered with cloth and rubber or rubber only or left
uncovered as may be desired.
This 14th day of July 1800
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Flexible Hose or Tubing, and in the Manufacture
of the same.
I, JOHN COCKBURN, of 38 Forbes Road. Edinburgh, Superintendent of Rubber
Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
These improvements relate more: particularly to flexible hose or tubing intended
to carry high internal pressures, and consist in applying to hose as hitherto made.
either of india rubber or leather or other materials, made either with or without
wire, a covering constructed as follows. Before india rubber hose is vulcanized
I spin over it a series of metal wires spirally, at a suitable pitch or angle say
45 degrees less or more with the axis of the tube, the several wires of which are
kept or placed at any suitable distance apart'; and outside of this spiral I wrap a
layer of rubber coated cloth or canvas, which is pressed down between the con-
volutions of the wire, and in virtue of being coated with rubber adheres between
the convolutions to the outer rubber covering of the hose. Outside this cloth
covering again I spin a similar series of metal wires, but in the opposite direction,
and as the layer of cloth between the two spirals is purposely coated on the outer
surface with a sufficiently thick layer of rubber to permit of the outer spirals
bedding therein the wires thereof are embedded in the rubber and thereby kept
apart. By this means the hose is strengthened, and rendered capable of resisting
very high pressures not only radially but longitudinally, the latter of which is
generally more difficult to provide for with ordinary hose than the former; for the
crossed spirals above referred to being spun with. a rapid pitch will, when taken
hold of by a suitable coupling such as now in use for high pressure hose, be equally
as effective for resisting end pressure as radial pressure, which hose strengthened
by a single spiral spun in one direction is incapable of. The hose are then
vulcanized in the ordinary way.
The annexed drawings illustrate the successive operations in the production of a
hose pipe in accordance with my invention.
Figure shows a transverse section of an india rubber hose pipe made in an
ordinary manner but not yet vulcanised. It consists of an inner layer a of india
rubber and sulphur composition and over this several layers of woven fabric
covered with india rubber compound and so applied that the fabric is embedded in
the india rubber.
Figure 2 shows a like hose pipe with a close spiral of iron wire c around it.
Figure 3 shows a further covering d of fabric thickly coated with india rubber
composition put on over the wire c so that the wire is completely embedded in
the india rubber.
Figure 4 shows other wires e e which are laid spirally around the hose pipe at an
angle of about 45 degrees; these wires embed themselves in the composition
carried by the fabric d.
Figure 5 shows another covering of coated fabric f laid on over the wires e; the
composition on the face of this fabric unites with that on the fabric d in the
intervals between the wires and so the wires are held securely in place.
Figure 6 shows another series of spiral wires applied over the fabric .f.
These also are laid on at an angle of 45 degrees but inclined in a direction opposite.
to that of the wires e.
Figure shows the hose with another layer of covered fabric h put on over the
wires which thus become embedded in india rubber composition in the same way
as the wires c. The hose is finished by vulcanising in the usual way.
Figure 8 shows a side view of a portion of the finished hose with part of the
covering removed to expose the wires g g.

page_text: In applying the covering to leather hose I first wrap one or more layers of cloth
or canvas around a mandril of same external diameter as the leather hose, and
outside of that layer or layers I spin the inner series of spiral wires, which I wrap
with a layer of rubber coated cloth or canvas, and thereon spin the second or
reversed series of wires as with india rubber hose. The covering is then vulcanized
in the ordinary way, and the leather hose then drawn inside. This is necessary, as
the heat required for vulcanization would injure leather.
In the annexed drawings the layers d e f g may be taken to represent the covering
prepared for a leather hose pipe. The layers a b and c are replaced by the mandril
which is to be afterwards withdrawn. A leather hose enclosed in such a case will
carry a very considerable pressure but of course has not the strength of the india
rubber pipe made as shewn.
In applying the covering to woven hose the surface of the woven hose is coated
with india rubber; a mandril is put inside and the operations are the same as
required for covering india rubber hose.
If in the drawings d be taken to represent the woven hose, the outer layers e f g
will correctly show the covering applied to it and the layers a b and c are replaced
by the mandril.
I sometimes employ my improved hose covering as the constituent part of the
hose itself, in which form it is very useful for hose used to carry steam. In the
construction thereof wrap round a mandril. having its diameter equal to
the desired bore of the hose, a layer of rubber as the inside lining of the hose,
and sometimes outside of this a layer of cloth coated with rubber, then follow the
inner spiral wires, then rubber-coated cloth, then the outer reversed spiral wires.
and so on, as already described. If desired may have more than two layers of
spiral wires with rubber-coated cloth between.
The outside wires may be covered with cloth and rubber or rubber only or left
uncovered as may be desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The combination with a hose pipe of a vulcanised covering substantially as
described composed of two or more rapid spirals e and g of wire laid in opposite
directions and kept in position by layers of woven fabric carrying india rubber
composition in which the wires become embedded..
2. An india rubber hose pipe with a covering containing wires laid in rapid
spirals in opposite directions and kept in position by layers of woven fabric
carrying india rubber composition; the whole vulcanised together substantially as
described.
3. A woven hose pipe coated with india rubber and with a covering containing
wires laid in rapid spirals in opposite directions and kept in position by layers of
woven fabric carrying india rubber composition; the whole vulcanised together
substantially as described.
4. The parts d e f g and h combined by vulcanisation substantially as described
and capable of being used either separately as a hose pipe or as a covering for a
pipe drawn within it.
5. The combination of a covering such as described with a leather hose as herein
set forth.
6. A hose pipe substantially as represented by the annexed drawings.