IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY MOTORS ACTUATED BY ELASTIC FLUID PRESSURE AND APPLICABLE ALSO AS PUMPS
Year: 1884

page_text: I The Honourable CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS of Victoria Works, Gateshead-
on-Tyne in the County of Durham a member of the firm of Clarke Chapman & Co
Engineers do hereby declare, the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROTARY MOTORS ACTUATED BY ELASTIC FLUID PRESSURE AND APPLICABLE ALSO
AS PUMPS to be as follows;-
This invention has reference to motors of the turbine type, that is to say, to
motors in which the actuating fluid operates between fixed and moving vanes or
blades. When elastic fluids, such as gas and steam, are used in a motor of this
description it is necessary for economical working that the peripheral speed of the
motor should be nearly as great as the velocity of the gas or steam due to its
effluent pressure, a speed which, except with very low pressures, is practically
impossible. Now according to my invention to obtain a low effluent or terminal
pressure while using a comparatively high initial pressure I use a compound motor
or a combination of motors, so arranged that the same actuating fluid operates
therein in a successive manner undergoing expansion and falling in pressure in
each, until it leaves the last at a velocity, not greatly above that which is practically
attainable by the motor itself, although greatly above that practicable, with a motor
having oscillating or reciprocating parts. By this arrangement each motor or
successive, portion of the compound motor utilises a portion of the energy of the
fluid, and thus, instead of the greater part being wasted as heretofore, it is
successively drawn upon until a comparatively high efficiency is obtained.
•
The motors or successive portions of the compound motor may be arranged either
upon one common shaft or upon different shafts.-In the former case the first will
deliver directly into the second, and the second into the third, and so on, the
moving vanes of the second (say) rotating between its own fixed vanes, and those
of the third, and similarly for the others, the characteristic feature being that the
space for the actuating fluid increases, either continuously, or step by step.
This increase may be conveniently gained either by the use of an increasing
number of vanes, or by an increased area, or by an increased pitch of the blades
according as the motors or successive portions of the compound motor are arranged
concentrically or coaxially,
i

page_text: When concentric they are arranged upon a disc or plate or on both sides of a
plate or disc to balance the pressure the first being near the centre, the second
outside of it and so on, the vanes projecting from the general surface of the disc.
This disc works in conjunction with a fixed disc (or discs, on each side of it) which
also serves as a casing. Upon this disc are arranged circles of fixed vanes which
stand between the circles of vanes on the first mentioned disc and serve to direct
the fluid on to them in the required direction. As each circle of moving vanes is
larger than the one within it, it follows that the actuating fluid will be expanded
in passing from one to the other.
I prefer however to arrange the successive motors or portions of a compound
motor in such wise as to form a cylindrical figure, the whole being mounted upon
one and the same shaft, the first" delivering into the second, the second into the
third, and so on. Each motor or portion comprises a set of fixed and a set of
moving vanes, the direction of motion of the actuating fluid being generally in a
parallel direction or approximately so, to the axis of the combined motors.
Conveniently each set of moving blades can be formed out of the solid metal on
the circumference of a brass or steel disc, the blades extending only about one
third of the breadth of the disc, and the blank portion forming part of the moving
cylinder beyond which the blades extend. Likewise the fixed blades can be formed
by cutting each row internally on a ring which is afterwards cut diametrically into
two parts, one to be joined to the top half of the casing, which is divided into two
parts by a longitudinal joint, and the other into the lower portion of the casing.
When all the parts are put together the fixed portion forms a hollow cylinder with
projecting rings of blades; and the moving portion a solid cylinder, also with
projecting rings of blades.
To balance the end pressure upon the cylinder I mount two similar. sets of
rotary parts upon one shaft one set being placed at each side of the inlet for
actuating fluid in such a way that the entering stream shall divide right and left
and the exhaust take place at both ends. Any end pressure not thus balanced, or
due to external causes can be balanced by pressure of the exhaust fluid acting
between the end of the moving cylinder and a collar of smaller diameter than the
cylinder. Thus should the cylinder be displaced endwise in either direction the
exhaust will be checked at that end, and thus a compensation will be automatically
effected.
{
:
As the speed of the motor will be necessarily and designedly high, and perfect
balancing of the moving parts would not be practicable I give to the bearings a
certain very small amount of elasticity combined with a frictional resistance to their
motion. Thus the cylinder will be enabled to rotate around its centre of gravity
instead of its geometrical centre, if the two be nearly coincident, and the vibration
to which it may be subject will be damped or modified. This may be effected
according to one method by placing the shaft of the motor in a light metal bush
around which are placed springs, such as a thin steel bush slit with a number of
longitudinal slots, or a number of short lengths of spring steel or any other suitable
device, which will give the spring a frictional resistance to the eccentric movement
of the bush. The actual weight of the cylinder may be borne by slippers pressed
upwards by springs, so that its action when running will be symmetrical .with
regard to the above-named spring bearings.
:
:
The lubrication is effected by forcing lubricant to the parts to be lubricated and
for this purpose a pump can be employed. Conveniently it may be a centrifugal
pump of the type in which the fan is constructed like a screw propeller mounted
on the end of the shaft. From this pump the oil will be taken to the bearings as
required, with a constant circulation.
The oil can also be used as a carrier of heat to reduce the temperature of the
parts liable to grow hot. If the pump be of the kind that will not lift I use a
suction fan mounted on the motor shaft to raise the oil in the suction pipe. This
fan may also be employed to govern the supply of actuating fluid, by causing
variations of pressure, according to the speed at which it. įsidriven, on a diaphragm

page_text: or piston in connexion with the throttle or supply valve. The speed of the motor
may be regulated by an adjustable spring, acting against this varying pressure, or
by the admission of air through a regulating tap into the exhausting side of
the fan.
To prevent leakage past the shaft at the end covers of the casing, which when
steam is the actuating fluid would be inconvenient, I form annular recesses in the
covers around the shaft ends, and place these recesses in communication with a pipe
in which a partial vacuum is maintained by a steam jet. Any steam which enters
the recesses will thus be drawn away without apparent leakage.
Motors according to my invention are applicable to a variety of purposes and if
such an apparatus be driven it becomes a pump and can be used for actuating a
fluid column or producing pressure in a fluid. Such a fluid pressure producer can
be combined with a multiple motor according to my invention to obtain motive
power from fuel or combustible gases of any kind. For this purpose I employ the
pressure producer to force air or combustible gases into a furnace (into which there
may or may not be introduced other fuel (liquid or solid). From the furnace the
products of combustion can be led in a heated state to the multiple motor which
they will actuate. Conveniently the pressure producer and multiple motor can be
mounted on the same shaft, the former to be driven by the latter but I do not
confine myself to this arrangement of parts-In some cases I employ water or
other fluid to cool the blades either by conduction of heat through their roots or
by other suitable arrangement to effect their protection.

page_text: I, The Honourable CHARLES ALGERNON PARSONS, of Victoria Works, Gateshead-
on-Tyne in the County of Durham, a member of the firm of Clarke, Chapman
and Company, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY MOTORS ACTUATED BY ELASTIC FLUID PRESSURE AND
APPLICABLE ALSO AS PUMPS," and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has reference to motors of the turbine type; that is to
say,
motors in which the actuating fluid operates between fixed and moving vanes or
blades. When elastic fluids, such as gas and steam are used in a motor of this
description, it is necessary for economical working that the peripheral speed of the
motor should be nearly as great as the velocity of the gas or steam, due to its
effluent pressure, a speed which, except with very low pressures, is practically
impossible.
to
Now, according to my invention, to obtain a low effluent or terminal pressure,
while using a comparatively high initial pressure, I use a compound motor, or
a combination of motors, so arranged that the same actuating fluid operates therein
in a successive manner, undergoing expansion and falling in pressure in each, until
it leaves the last at a velocity not greatly above that which is practically attainable
by the motor itself, although greatly above that practicable with a motor having
oscillating or reciprocating parts. By this arrangement each motor, or successive
portion of the compound motor, utilises a portion of the energy of the fluid, and thus,
instead of the greater part being wasted as heretofore it is successively drawn upon
until a comparatively high efficiency is obtained.
The motors, or successive portions of the compound motor, may be arranged
either upon one common shaft or upon different shafts. In the former case, the
first will deliver directly into the second, and the second into the third, and so on,
the moving vanes of the second (say) rotating between its own fixed vanes, and
those of the third, and similarly for the others: the space for the actuating fluid
increasing either continuously, or step by step.
This increase may be conveniently gained either by an increased area, or by an
increased pitch of the blades or by an increased area and pitch combined.
I arrange the successive motors, or portions of a compound motor, in such wise
as to form an approximately cylindrical figure, the whole being mounted by
preference upon one and the same shaft; the first delivering into the second, the
second into the third, and so on.
Each motor or portion comprises a set of fixed and a set of moving vanes, the
direction of motion of the actuating fluid being generally parallel, or approximately
so, to the axis of the combined motors.
Conveniently, each set of moving blades can be formed out of the solid metal on
the circumference of a brass or steel disc, the blades extending only about one-third
of the breadth of the disc, and the blank portion forming part of the moving cylinder
beyond which the blades extend.
Likewise, the fixed blades can be formed by cutting each row internally on a ring,
which is afterwards cut diametrically into two parts, one to be joined to the top
half of the casing, which is divided into two parts by a longitudinal joint, and the
other into the lower portion of the casing. When all the parts are put together,
the fixed portion forms a hollow cylinder with projecting rings of blades, and the
moving portion a solid (or hollow) cylinder, also with projecting rings of blades.

page_text: To balance the end pressure upon the cylinder, I mount two similar sets of
rotary parts upon one shaft, one set being placed at each side of the inlet for
actuating fluid, in such a way that the entering stream shall divide right and left,
and the exhaust take place at both ends. Any end pressure not thus balanced, or
due to external causes, can if desired be balanced by pressure of the exhaust fluid
acting between the end of the moving cylinder and a collar of smaller diameter
than the cylinder. Thus, should the cylinder be displaced endwise in either
direction, the exhaust will be checked at that end, and in this way a compensation
will be automatically effected.
As the speed of the motor will be necessarily and designedly high, and perfect
balancing of the moving parts would not be practicable, I give to the bearings a
certain very small amount of elasticity or play, combined with a frictional resistance
to their motion. Thus the cylinder will be enabled to rotate around its centre of
gravity, instead of its geometrical centre, if the two be nearly coincident, and the
vibration to which it may be subject will thereby be damped or modified.
The lubrication is effected by forcing lubricant to the parts to be lubricated, and
for this purpose a pump can be employed. Conveniently it may be a centrifugal
pump, of the type in which the fan is constructed like a screw propeller mounted
on the end of the shaft. From this pump the oil will be taken to the bearings as
required, with a constant circulation. The oil can also be used as a carrier of heat,
to reduce the temperature of the parts liable to grow hot. If the pump be of a
kind that will not lift, I use a suction fan mounted on the motor shaft, to raise the
oil on the suction side. This fan may also be employed to govern the supply of
actuating fluid, by causing variations of pressure, according to the speed at which it
is driven, on a diaphragm or piston in connexion with the throttle or supply valve.
The speed of the motor may be regulated by an adjustable spring acting against this
varying pressure, or by the admission of air through a graduated regulating tap into
the exhausting side of the fan.
To prevent leakage past the shaft at the end covers of the casing, which, when
steam is the actuating fluid, would be inconvenient, I form'annular recesses in the
covers around the shaft ends, and place these recesses in communication with a pipė
in which a partial vacuum is maintained by suitable means such as a steam jet.
Any steam which, enters the recesses will thus be drawn away without apparent
leakage:
.
J
Motors according to my invention are applicable to a variety of purposes, and if
such an apparatus be driven, it becomes a pump, and can be used for actuating a
fluid column, or producing pressure in a fluid. Such a fluid pressure producer can
be combined, with a multiple motor according to my invention so that the necessary
motive power to drive the motor for any required purpose may be obtained from
fuel or combustible gases of any kind. For this purpose I employ the pressure
producer to force air or combustible gases into a close furnace of any suitable kind
such as used for caloric engines into which furnace there may or may not be
introduced other fuel (liquid or solid). From the furnace the products of
combustion can be led, in a heated state; to the multiple motor, which they will
actuate. Conveniently the pressure producer and multiple motor can be mounted
on the same shaft, the former to be driven by the latter; but I do not confine
myself to this arrangement of parts.
}
The blades should be of material that will withstand high temperatures or I
may employ water or other fluid to cool the blades. This may be done by providing
in the cylinders that carry the blades, channels or passages for the circulation of
cooling fluid, which in the case of the rotary cylinder may be supplied through a
passage or passages in the shaft carrying the cylinders..
And in order that the manner of carrying my said invention into practical effect
may be clearly understood, I proceed to more particularly describe the same with
reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings.
T
Fig 1 is a detailed sectional plan of the motor, portions being omitted, and the
blades being she wn partly' in section and partly in elevation. Fig 2 is a cross

page_text: section through the centre of the motor; Fig 3 is a central longitudinal vertical
.section to a reduced scale shewing, besides the parts represented in Fig 1, also the
bearings and bed-plate; Fig. 4 is a cross section in the line A. B of Fig 3 Fig 5
is an enlarged sectional view, shewing one of the elastic bearings; Fig 6 is a section
of another form of elastic bearing; Fig 7 is a side elevation shewing the general
arrangement of the motor; Fig 8 is a corresponding plan or top view. Fig 9 shews
the arrangement of a ring z for aiding to balance end pressure upon the shafts.
Two compound or built-up cylinders are mounted on the cylindrical enlarge-
ments a. a of a shaft & so as to rotate therewith; b, 61 62, b 61 6² are sets of blades
on each cylinder; c is a casing in two parts bolted together as indicated in Figs 7
and 8. f f f f f f are blades fixed within the casing c, these blades being
inclined in opposite direction to the blades on the rotating cylinders.
In the arrangement as drawn each set of moving blades is represented as being
formed out of solid metal on the circumference of a brass or steel disc or ring, a
number of these discs or rings being threaded on the parts a, a of the shaft 8 which
is formed with a collar or projection s¹ between a a. At each end is a disc or ring
(with blades) that fits on a smaller portion a² of the shaft. The shaft is provided
with nuts or screwed collars s² 82 at the respective ends by which the set of discs or
rings with blades forming each cylinder is held in place against 8¹ The fixed blades
are represented as being formed by cutting each row internally on a ring which is
'afterwards cut diametrically into two parts one of which is joined to the top half
of the casing c (by a small longitudinal feather mentioned below) and the other to
the lower portion of that casing. It will be seen that the fixed portion forms
a hollow cylinder with projecting rings of blades and the moving portion a built
up solid, or compound cylinder also with projecting rings of blades. The rings with
which the blades are formed are prevented from turning by feathers, those for the
fixed rings being sunk in the hollow.cylinder at an angle of about 45° to the
vertical centre line and those for the other rings being sunk in the shaft with
which they revolve. It is to be noted that although I have shewn straight blades
cut from the solid because such blades present facilities of manufacture and by
means of dies can be readily set to any desired shape; yet other forms of blades
may be employed.
In some cases it may be found convenient to make the blades of sheet metal and
to secure them in suitable grooves or recesses in the rings-In this way the blades
may be made thinner and they may be accurately formed either before or after
insertion in the rings.
I will assume that steam is the actuating fluid employed. It enters the motor at
its centre g and travels towards each end of the motor between the respective
moving cylinders and fixed casing c, acting in its passage upon the blades b, b₁ b³,
b, b1, b2, and being deflected and guided by the fixed blades f, f¹ f, ff¹ƒ³, until it
reaches the exhaust passages, h. h which are carried underneath the motor to the
centre, the exhaust branch being at the opposite side of the motor to the supply
branch.
b1
It will be seen on examining the blades bbba that where the steam enters they
are comparatively shallow, but towards the respective ends of the motor they
increase in depth by sets, b¹ being deeper than band.62 deeper than 6'. It will also
be seen on reference to the drawing that where the steam enters the blades are set
at a greater angle than where it exhausts. Hence as the steam pressure decreases,
it meets with sets of blades of increased area and pitch the increase being so
calculated that the velocity of the steam shall be suitable to that set of blades
between which it has to pass. By these means the gradations of pressure are
governed. It will be understood that as the steam flows towards the respective
ends of the motor, its action upon the blades b b¹ b2 will have the effect of
imparting rapid rotary motion to the shaft s.
With motors designed to run at very high speeds difficulties occur in practice
owing to oscillations arising from unavoidable errors of workmanship and balance
in the moving parts. To obviate such difficulties according to my invention

page_text: I provide for giving to the bearings a certain very small amount of elasticity
or play, combined with a frictional resistance to their motion, and this I do, in the
arrangement of motor now under description, by constructing the bearings of
shaft s in the manner represented in Fig 3, and more clearly in Fig 5.
i is a light bush outside of which are placed metal rings or washers k. k¹. The
alternate washers are slightly larger than the washers ¹ so that the alternate
washers fit the casing but not the bush, and the washers k¹ fit the central bush
but not the casing. is a spiral spring and m is a nut. By these the rings
or washers k. k' are pressed tightly together. Thus the bush is capable of a slight
lateral movement, but this movement is, resisted and controlled by the rings
or washers and their mutual friction. The amount of liberty given to the rings or
washers may be, say, one hundredth part of an inch diametrically, but it may be
more or less according to circumstances as may be found desirable in practice. It
will be evident that any movement of the central bush in a lateral sense will
be opposed by the frictional resistance of the rings or washers. In lieu of, or in
conjunction with, rings or washers, such as k. k' with spiral spring and nut, a steel
cage such as illustrated in Fig 6 may, in some cases be used to surround the bush i
for the purpose of maintaining it in place whilst admitting of very slight lateral
play or elasticity. This cage n as represented is formed with longitudinal slots n¹
so that the intervening parts n³ will act as springs, pressing tightly against the
central projecting part of the bush, thus resisting any lateral movement
principally by elasticity of the cage. To obtain very quiet running, however,
I prefer to use the arrangement illustrated in Fig 5, or a combination of the two
arrangements, constructed by placing a steel cage such as n or its equivalent around
the washers k. k in order to check the communication of vibrations from the rings
or washers to the bearing itself. y. y are metal washers fitting easily on shaft s to
prevent leakage of steam past the bushes y'. y. o. o are drain passages from each
end of the hollow cylinder. They pass over the top of the motor and meet at its
centre. Their purpose is to drain away any of the steam that may escape between
the shafts and bushes y¹ fixed in the motor. This is effected by an arrangement
shewn clearly in Figs 2 and 4. Where the drain passages o. o meet there is
provided an ejector or steam nozzle p to which steam is admitted from the supply'
branch. This steam blows into an exhaust pipe q and the partial vacuum thus
created causes the steam to flow from the passages o. o and to pass away through
the drain pipe q.
I will now describe the arrangements for lubricating the bearings and regulating
the speed of the motor. r is a chamber to contain lubricant- is a stand pipe in
communication with this chamber. ² is a small screw pump fixed on the motor
shaft s. Figs 7 and 8 shew clearly the arrangement of oil pipes. ³ is a delivery
pipe with branches and leads to all the bearings except the one lubricated directly
by the screw pump. are the return pipes, which lead directly to a central
junction piece whence the lubricant is conveyed to the chamber r (Fig 3) by 76
and again drawn by the pump.
I prefer to place the junction piece in the centre in order that the screw pump
may draw in all positions of the motor in case of its being used on board ship. t is
a fan that serves the double purpose of exhausting air from the stand pipe r' and
regulating the speed of the motor by suitable arrangements connected with it,
which I will explain presently. The fan t which revolves with the motor shaft s is
formed as a solid body with a number of radial holes t¹, connected by transverse
holes t2 to a cavity u, which is in direct communication by a small pipe v (Fig 7)
with the top of the stand pipe r¹. The centrifugal force acting upon the air in the
radial holes causes the partial vacuum or suction necessary to raise the lubricant in
the stand pipe 1 so that the small screw pump can force the lubricant into the
bearing, and cause it to circulate by means of the pipes described, to the other parts
that require lubrication, and back again to the chamber or reservoir r, connected
with the stand-pipe r¹.

page_text: The arrangement for regulating the admission of actuating fluid to the motor by
means of the fan t is as follows:-The fan is in direct communication with a
diaphragm or piston through a cored hole passing through the upright portion of
the bearing casting marked w (Fig 7) from the cavity to a casing w¹. This
diaphragm or piston, is connected, by a rod w² and arm w³ to the spindle of the
throttle valve w. Between the casing w¹ and a collar or nut.ws on the rod w², is
a spiral spring w. The fan, by its rotation, creates a partial vacuum at one side of
the diaphragm or piston which, produces sucking action, counteracted by the
spiral spring. Should, however, the speed of the motor exceed that for which the
spring is set, the diaphragin or piston will be moved in opposition to the spring,
and by operating the throttle valve will regulate the admission of steam accordingly.
w is a graduated tap through which more or less air can be admitted at will to
regulate the pressure on the pump side of the diaphragm or piston so that the
action of the diaphragm or piston can be in this way modified and the speed of the
inotor controlled.
x is a pulley on the motor shaft for conveying the motion to any desired part,
but, I consider it preferable to couple the motor directly to its work in a manner
that will be well understood.
A compound motor such as described may be applied to marine propulsion, but
as the velocity is necessarily high, it will be advisable to place several fine pitched
screws on the shaft, in order to obtain a sufficient area of propeller blade: and one
screw may be prevented from interfering with another, or others by suitable guide
blades, or by other means..
If the fluid employed to actuate a motor according to my invention be not
elastic, no allowance for expansion is made, and such a motor may be worked from
hydraulic mains or accumulators whenever it is required to obtain a reduction of
speed over the ordinary turbine motor. If my motor be coupled to and used to
drive a compound pump for water or other heavy fluid, very high pressures may
be obtained on the delivery side, and such a combination may be used for charging
accumulators, and for other purposes where high pressures are required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
:
1. In a motor the use in combination of a hollow cylinder with projecting rings
of blades and within it a solid or rotary cylinder with projecting rings of blades
upon which motive fluid is caused to act as it travels in directions parallel or
approximately parallel to the axis of the solid or rotary cylinder the arrangement
and operation being substantially such as hereinabove described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
2. In a motor of the kind referred to in claim 1 the combination of two similar
sets of rotary parts mounted upon one shaft, one set being placed at each side of
the inlet for actuating fluid in such a way that the entering stream shall divide
right and left and the exhaust take place at both ends so as to balance or
approximately balance the end pressures, substantially as described.
3. In a motor, wherein a moving cylinder or cylinders carrying blades on its or
their exterior is or are mounted on a shaft to rotate within a hollow cylinder or
cylinders also furnished with blades, mounting the said shaft in bearings having slight
lateral play or elasticity combined with frictional resistance to such play in such
a manner as to enable the moving cylinder or cylinders to rotate about its or their
centre of gravity or principal axis instead of its or their geometrical centre or axis
(if the centre of gravity and geometrical centre be nearly coincident) and to cause
the vibration to which the cylinder or cylinders may be subjected to be damped or
modified substantially as described.
4. In a motor wherein a moving cylinder or cylinders carrying blades on its or
their exterior is or are mounted on a shaft to rotate within a hollow cylinder or
cylinders also furnished with blades, the use for carrying the said shaft of elastic

page_text: bearings each comprising a bush and friction rings or washers pressed tightly
together by a spring or springs in such a manner that the bush is capable of slight
lateral movement resisted and controlled by the friction rings or washers as
described with reference to and illustrated in Fig 5 of the drawings.
5. In a motor wherein a moving cylinder or cylinders carrying blades on its or
their exterior is or are mounted on a shaft to rotate within a hollow cylinder or
cylinders also furnished with blades the use of a centrifugal or screw pump mounted
directly upon the motor shaft for forcing lubricant or cooling fluid to the parts to
be lubricated or cooled substantially as described.
6. In a motor wherein a moving cylinder or cylinders carrying blades on its or
their exterior is or are mounted on a shaft to rotate within a hollow cylinder or
cylinders also furnished with blades, wherein a pump that will not lift is employed
to circulate lubricant or cooling fluid the use of a suction fan to raise the level of
such lubricant or cooling fluid in the return or suction pipe or chamber and enable
the circulating pump to start and to keep in action substantially as described.
7. In a motor wherein a moving cylinder or cylinders carrying blades on its or
their exterior is or are mounted on a shaft to rotate within a hollow cylinder or
cylinders also furnished with blades the use for regulating the speed of the motor
of a suction fan mounted on the motor shaft and a diaphragm connected to the
spindle of the throttle valve and caused by the action of the fan to operate in one
direction in opposition to a spring in such a way as to open or close or alter the
position of the throttle valve as described.
8. The improved motor constructed arranged and operating as shewn in and
described with reference to Figs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the drawings or with the
bearings modified as described with reference to Fig 6.
9. The use as a pump of apparatus constructed arranged and operating substan-
tially as hereinabove described.
10. The use for pumping of two machines of the kind hereinabove described
coupled together so that the one constitutes a motor and the other a pump driven
by such motor as hereinabove described.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1884.