matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING SMOKE AND IN ECONOMISING FUEL IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES OR FIRES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Christie Paterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1883.
HUGH CHRISTIE PATERSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSUMING SMOKE AND IN ECONOMISING FUEL IN STEAM
BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES OR FIRES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH,"
This Invention which relates to Improvements in consuming smoke and in
economising fuel in steam boiler or other furnaces or fires is in part a devolopinent
of certain Improvements for the same purpose described in the Provisional
Specification of the said Hugh Christie Paterson, N° 5880, dated 9th December
A.D. 1882.
According to the present Improvements provision is made for the admission as
is sometimes found necessary of a little air from the front of the ash pit of boilers
or other furnaces or grates.-This may be effected by either leaving one or more
permanent openings in the front plate or door which otherwise closes the ash pit
such openings being provided with valves or covers for the purpose of adjusting
the extent of opening at any time required.-In place however of this arrangement
I provide the necessary opening and its adjustment by means of another piece of
apparatus which constitutes a further part of the present Improvements which in
this respect consists of an ash box that fits into the space beneath the fire bars
and extends up to or nearly up to the fire bridge-The inner end of this ash-box
is open and the outer end is closed so that when placed in situ beneath the fire
bars the ash and fuel refuse are collected therein and it is at any time discharged
by withdrawing the ash box containing it and emptying the contents thereof.
By means of this ash box not only is the existing operation of raking out the
ashes dispensed with but the said ash box by being slightly drawn out from its
innermost or closed position at any time enables the opening requisite for
admitting air at the front of the ash pit to be provided and which is of particular
service in cases where the flues are badly constructed as is frequently the case with
existing boilers or when the draught is slow.
In respects other than those hereinbefore described the apparatus or means for
consuming smoke and economising fuel is analogous to that described in the
aforesaid Provisional Specification Ñº 5880, A.D. 1882.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY STIRRUP BARS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard William Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1883.
RICHARD WILLIAM HUNT of 24 Newboro' Street, Scarbro' in the County of
York "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY STIRRUP BARS
"
The object of these improvements is so to arrange the stirrup bar that the
stirrup is freed therefrom in case the rider is thrown off, either backwards,
forwards, sideways or upwards.
The saddle bar is constructed of metal and secured to the body of the saddle by
ordinary means and is made in the form of a pocket open at the top. In this is
suspended a disc or hook to which the swivel for the stirrup strap is attached. In
this arrangement the disc or hook relieves itself from the stirrup bar if the pull
thereon be in any other than a downward or partially downward direction that is
to say that the feet of the rider in falling being thrown upwards, forwards or
backwards, relieve the stirrup from the stirrup bar, preventing thereby the rider
from being dragged by the animal from which he has been thrown.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL PALATES OR BASES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Wedgwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th August 1883.
JOSEPH JAMES WEDGWOOD of 15 George Street in the county of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL PALATES OR BASES
-
"
My object in this invention is to generate a continuous current of electricity in
the mouth which stimulates the nerve force and is generally benificial.
I effect this by the combination of two or more dissimilar metals united by
solder or otherwise so as to form a compact plate. I prefer to use platinum and
gold but can use other suitable metals. There are various ways of carrying out my
invention as by uniting two flat plates which form I prefer, or wires of the different
metals woven or otherwise secured together may be used so as to form the plate.
In some cases granules or bars of the metals may be employed and soldered
together If vulcanite celluloide or equivalent be used the metals would preferably
be embedded in the softer material
These palates are intended to be used either with artificial teeth in place of the
gold or vulcanite plates now commonly employed or without the teeth
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINCING MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams, the Younger, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1883.
THOMAS WILLIAMS the Younger of Myddelton Square in the County of
Middlesex. Engineer-" IMPROVEMENTS IN MINCING MACHINES
"
This invention relates to certain improvements in the well known class of
mincing machines wherein a number of claws or knives are spirally disposed upon
a barrel or spindle rotating inside a suitable case containing a series of stationary
knives or slotted plates and provided with a feed hopper near one end through
which the meat or other substance to be minced is fed into the machine and with
or without a discharging or filling nozzle at the opposite end.
A great objection to these machines as heretofore constructed is that they mince
or reduce the meat or other substancos too fine owing to the substance operated
upon being propelled too slowly through the machine and consequently remaining
too long under the action of the knives.
Now one of the chief objects of the present invention is to obviate this objection
by ensuring a quicker and more certain or positive delivery or passage of the meat
or other substance through the machine which I accomplish by combining a
continuous or unbroken threaded archimedian propeller situate at the rear end of
the rotating barrel or spindle, with the usual spirally disposed claws on the front
portion of the circumference of the said barrel or spindle, or with spirally disposed
rotating knives passing through a slotted plate or plates fixed in the interior of the
cylinder or case, the said continuous or unbroken threaded archimedian propeller
being of such a length as to extend completely from end to end of the feed mouth of
the hopper immediately beneath which it is situate the continuity of its thread
preventing the meat or other substance from being forced back through the hopper
whilst at the same time ensuring a quicker and better delivery for filling into
skins or otherwise.
I prefer to attach the usual spirals or inclines to the front extremity of the
barrel or spindle as heretofore for assisting in forcing the minced meat or other
substances out of the cylinder of the machine through the usual central or other
discharge nozzle or opening.
As the number of rotating claws and stationary knives, or of rotating knives, for
a given length of casing or cylinder is considerably diminished the construction of
the machine is simplified and its cost of construction reduced,
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNIONS OR CONNECTIONS FOR PIPES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Fletcher Christmas Tonge
and James Westley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
19th January 1883.
RICHARD FLETCHER CHRISTMAS TONGE of the firm of Lancaster and Tonge of
Pendleton in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, and JAMES WESTLEY of Radcliffe
in the same County, Brassfounder, "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNIONS OR CONNECTIONS
FOR PIPES
נו
Our Invention relates to the unions or connections which are adapted to enable
the pipes to be connected in straight lines or at varying angles. Previously to our
invention such unions have been made with faces arranged at an angle of forty-five
degrees with the centre line of the pipe connection but these have had a defect
arising from the impossibility of varying the angle of the connection without
unscrewing or loosening the pipes in the sockets of the union. In our improved
union the meeting surfaces of the parts are in a plane which is in line with the
pipe connection. In one form each part of the union is nearly of a semi-globular
form and is furnished with a screwed socket for connection with the pipe.
A groove to contain asbestos or other packing is formed in one part and an
annular lip upon the other is turned to fit against the packing. A bolt is cast upon
one part and passes through the other being secured by means of a close-ended nut
which is coned to fit a coned seating so as to make a tight joint. In some forms
the meeting faces are on the centre line of the union. In other forms the said
faces are outside the greatest outside diameter of the sockets so that one half can
be turned entirely around upon the other half. The faces may be arranged to bo
intermediate between these extremes In some forms the sockets would not be
screwed, and in some forms flanches would take the places of the sockets. We
may use a screw instead of the fast bolt or a bolt may pass through both parts and
may be secured with a nut. In some cases the screw or nut may be provided with
a hand-wheel or handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER EASY OR LOUNGE CHAIRS, SETTEES AND COUCHES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Bradly Barnard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1883.
ADOLPHUS BRADLY BARNARD of St. Pauls Road Canonbury, in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND OTHER EASY OR LOUNGE CHAIRS,
SETTEES AND COUCHES
"
The Invention has for its object improvements in portable and other easy or
lounge chairs settees and couches.
In constructing portable easy or lounge chairs I hinge the front and back legs to
the underside of the arms and I form in the upper parts of the legs tenons to take
into mortices in the arms and I pass binding screws through the arms and into
nuts fitted into the legs. I attach the legs to the seat by passing binding screws
through the legs into nuts in the framing of the seat thus binding the various parts
firmly together.
The back of the chair I mount in such a manner that it will accommodate itself
to the position of the user.
To effect this purpose I mount the back of the chair upon centres placed at or
near the centre thereof and preferably formed by binding screws passing through
the arms of the chair into nuts in the framing of the back.
By withdrawing the various binding screws, the chair may be readily taken to
pieces and packed into a small compass and rendered very portable for transport.
It will be evident that my invention with slight modifications is also applicable
to settees and couches.
In some cases I may employ the swinging back in connection with easy or lounge
chairs settees and couches other than portable chairs settees and couches.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS AND POWDERS FOR SANITARY PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Emil Overbeck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th June 1883.
HENRY EMIL OVERBECK Merchant of 33 and 35 Duke Street Liverpool in the
County of Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF COMPOUNDS
AND POWDERS FOR SANITARY PURPOSES
This invention relates to the preparation of an improved antiseptic and
disinfectant powder or compound for general sanitary purposes
In the preparation of compounds and powders of this character and for the
purposes specified it has been customary to employ amongst other compounds the
coal tar acids better known as carbolic and creysilic incorporated with various
inert substances such as chalk lime and siliceous earths and to the presence of
which the entire effiency of such powders has been attributed.
The present invention relates to the preparation of an improved antiseptic and
disinfecting powder and in which is used either alone or in combination with the
tar acids named and incorporated with chalk lime or other suitable earths or
materials coloured or otherwise the compounds now being introduced to commerce
known as the tar and pyridine bases and possessing valuable antiseptic properties
The pyridine and leucoline hases (also known as the tar bases) represent a series
of compounds existing in small quantities in coal tar creosote bone or animal oil
and shale oils. The existence of these compounds has been known of for a long
period and their properties have been investigated by Chemists. Until recently
however they have only existed as scientific curiosities without use or application
and have never been isolated in quantity or applied to practical purposes.
The first attempt to do this is described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to Benjamin Nickels dated 18th October 1882 No 4949, and the method
of extracting the compounds in question (as well known to Chemists) is fully
described in the said specification together with their use and application to
certain purposes in the form of fluid either in a pure form as obtained from coal
oils bone oils shale oils or in a crude form as existing in the said oils in which case
they require special treatment. Thus in the pure form they, are mostly soluble in
water and can be used direct.

page_text: In the crude state as found in and with the oils named they are not soluble and
have to be made so by the use of soap rosin and rosin oil as described in the said
specification
Now my improvements consist in the admixture of the pyridine bases (as
obtained either from coal tar oils bone oils and shale oils in the manner well
known to Chemists)
With dry substances or powders and in the preparation and application thereof
as an antiseptic and disinfecting compound I do not use the crude forms or sources
of the compounds such as bone or shale oil or make any claim to them I therefore
do not require any special method of making them soluble
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN BELTING
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Reddaway at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1883.
FRANK REDDAWAY of the firm of Reddaway and Company of Pendleton in the
County of Lancaster Belting Manufacturers " IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN BELTING
"
My Invention relates to the woven belting used in lieu of leather belting in the
transmission of rotatory motion.
Such elting is usually made of cotton canvas or sail cloth. According to my
Invention I use cainel hair yarn and cotton yarn and I weave the belt complete the
lifting of the warps being so arranged as to bring the camel hair to the outer
surfaces so as to obtain durable wearing surfaces on the belting.
In the making of a belting of average strength I use four cotton warps and four
camel hair warps in addition to two binding warps. The belting is woven in a
manner similar to the weaving of hose piping but in the case of the belting the
weaving is double so that it may be said that one hose is woven inside the other
the two binding warps being raised and lowered into the sheds of the other warps
so as to bind all together. The upper camel hair warps are raised and the lower
camel hair warps are lowered twice as often as the cotton warps whereby the camel
hair face is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Herbert Gossage of Widnes in the County of
Lancaster Soap Manufacturer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GALVANIC BATTERIES"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Herbert Gossage
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1883.
FREDERICK HERBERT GOSSAGE of Widnes in the County of Lancaster, Soap
Manufacturer, "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES"
This Invention relates to batteries for obtaining electric force or power.
According to my Invention the Batteries are composed of elements one of which
is of a metal such for example as Iron or cast Iron and the other of which is of
Zinc; the said elements being immersed in a solution or electrolyte of caustic soda
or of caustic Potash, or one of the elements may consist of a non-metallic material
such as carbon, the other element being of Zinc, these elements being also used in
a solution or electrolyte of caustic soda or of Caustic Potash. The elements may
be suspended or set up in the solution and be connected together in the manner in
which the elements of ordinary galvanic batteries are suspended or set up and
connected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Herbert Gossage in the Patent Office on the 11th June
1884.
FREDERICK HERBERT GOSSAGE of Widnes in the County of Lancaster Soap.
Manufacturer "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES"
This Invention relates to batteries for electric force or power.
According to my Invention the Batteries are composed of elements one of which
is of a metal such for example as Iron or cast Iron and the other of which is of
Zinc the said elements being immersed in a solution or electrolyte of caustic soda
or of Caustic Potash or One of the elements may consist of a non-metallic material
such as Carbon the other element being of Zinc these elements being also used in
a solution or electrolyte of Caustic Soda or of Caustic Potash. The elements may
be suspended or set up in the solution and he connected together in the manner in
which the elements of ordinary Galvanic batteries are suspended or set up and
'connected.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is :-
A galvanic battery consisting of an electrode of a metal such as Iron or cast
iron or of a non-metallic material such as carbon and of an electrode of Zinc the
said electrodes being immersed in a solution or electrolyte of caustic Soda or
Caustic potash.
In witness whereof I the said Frederick Herbert Gossage have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal this tenth day of June One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
ומחנות
חחחחחח
2022 12T
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING CRYPTOGRAPHY
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Jennings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1883. Com-
municated to him from abroad by Armand Bossuat of Donzy in the Republic
of France
"
WILLIAM ROBERT JENNINGS of 10 East Street Queen's Square Bloomsbury
Publisher A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING CRYPTOGRAPHY
[Communicated to him from abroad by Armand Bossuat of Donzy in the Republic
of France]
The object of this invention is dual, being Firstly To facilitate cryptography and
Secondly To afford a ready key thereto
Such apparatus in one form consists of two discs mounted in a suitable case and
fitted one within the other The central disc hereafter termed the "revolving disc"
is pivotted on a pin and furnished with a centre knob or stud whereby it can be
rotated within the outer one hereafter termed "the dial" which is stationary-The
alphabet is marked on the face of such revolving disc in capital letters separated
from each other by division lines and arranged in a circle around its outer edge
either seriatim or otherwise
Such alphabet is also marked in small letters on the inner edge of the face of the
dial which letters are arranged and divided in a similar manner; while placed
immediately above in a segment of a circle appear the figures or ciphers-0-1-
2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9.
α
46
The operation of the invention is as follows Suppose that two persons each in
different localities and having one of my Cryptographs agree to use a certain simple
key say Y
-Assume that the one telegraphs the other as follows Sell California
Railroad"-Rotate the revolving disc until Y comes under a after which note the
letters on such disc that correspond with the letters of the telegram in the outer
alphabet on the dial The letters on the revolving disc will be as follows viz
Z. G. R. R.-K. Y. R. T. Q. B. N. L. T. Y. N. Y. T. R. N. B. Y. X.-The person
receiving the telegram knowing the key α can readily discover its meaning by
Y
reading on his apparatus in the reverse order for the letters Z. G. R. R. &c the
corresponding letters of the outer alphabet when he will find that it reads "Sell
California Railroad"

page_text: Should any unauthorised person be provided with a similar apparatus if a simple
a
key such as be employed it might be possible for him to discover the secret by
Y
trying all the positions of the revolving disc against the letters of the dial alphabet
a
but if a compound key-Say Y. I. B is used any such discovery becomes impossible
The apparatus may be made in various forms
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, KETTLES, AND ANALOGOUS VESSELS FOR HEATING LIQUIDS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hannan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1883.
ROBERT HANNAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS, KETTLES, AND ANALOGOUS VESSELS FOR
HEATING LIQUIDS"
This Invention relates to such boilers, kettles, and analogous vessels for heating
liquids as have movable lids or covers, and its object is by an improved construction
to render the action of the heat more economical, efficient, and expeditious than
with such vessels as ordinarily made.
In carrying out the Invention the bottom of the vessel is made of a conical,
conoidal, spheroidal, pyramidal or other concave form extending upwards within
the vessel; and from the highest part of the concave bottom a tube or pipe is made
to extend up through the lid or cover, the lid or cover being made with a central
aperture for the purpose. The heat may be supplied by coal, charcoal, gas, oil, or
other convenient material burned in any convenient manner; so that the heated
gases or flame may pass up into the concave bottom of the vessel, the waste gases
passing off by the tube or pipe. With the improved construction the action of the
heated gases is concentrated on the concave bottom of the vessel, a constant
succession or current-of the gases through the concave space being insured by the
central outlet tube or pipe.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO THE NECK FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOOSE HAIRS DURING HAIR CUTTING OR DRESSING
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis William Thomas at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1883.
LEWIS WILLIAM THOMAS of N° 48 Holborn Viaduct in the City of London
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO THE NECK FOR PROTECTION AGAINST LOOSE
HAIRS DURING HAIR CUTTING OR DRESSING
"
When hair is cut or dressed, loose hairs or cuttings are apt to pass down the neck
or to drop on the upper part of the clothing. My invention relates to an appliance
for preventing this. I cut in a sheet of paper or other cheap and flexible texture a
round hole slit open at one side so as to form a tippet sufficient to cover the
shoulders. Around the hole of the tippet I cause a lip to stand up either by so
forming the material itself or by fastening a collar on to it. I prepare the inner
surface of this collar with an adhesive coating, so that when it is moistened by a
brush, sponge or otherwise, and put round the neck, it adheres thereto and thus fits
so closely that hairs or cuttings cannot pass. The collar may be made to adhere to
the neck by applying an adhesive substance to the neck or to it immediately before
it is put on. For the collar, paper or other texture may be employed of such
character that, by simply moistening it, sufficient adhesion is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watkins at the Office of the
.Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1883.
JOHN WATKINS of 8 Havelock Road Saltley Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES
"
My said Invention for Improvements in bicycles consists in procuring additional
brake power upon the axles or spindles of bicycles in conjunction with the hubs or
wheels which I mount thereon to revolve freely in lieu of the said wheel or hub
being firmly secured to the axle by keying soldering or otherwise as ordinarily
adapted and whereby double acting brake power is brought into requisition to
check high running speeds down hills gradients or upon level roads. I therefore
create frictional bearings upon the axles either conical or otherwise which when
tightly compressed thus create friction sufficient for brake power to arrest the
speed of the machine by the application of the riders foot being firmly pressed upon
the pedal of the crank which by the wheel revolving loose upon the axle permits
the same to be held stationary and suspends the rotation of the ball rollers while
the wheel revolves or travels with full force of brake power thus applied.-I affix
toothed wheels or pinions upon the axle into which fall ratchet catches connected
to the hub or wheel plates and which are driven by the revolution of the toothed⚫
pinions upon the axle.
My axles for bicycles I make tubular thus forming lubricating chambers for the
bearings and I use or employ cranks slotted downwards to near the centre of the
axle which by the pressure of the riders foot upon the pedals slides the same
downwards to near the centre of the crank or axle thereby avoiding knee motion
I also construct frictional bearings on the bicycle axle either parallel or conical
which I surround with brake blocks or grippers in segments or otherwise as desired,
the said grippers or brake blocks are tightly compressed to the axle and brake
power is thereby procured by the revolution of the said grippers or brake blocks
around the axle bearings when held stationary by the riders foot
Where the leading wheel of the bicycle is firmly secured upon the spindle then
I provide a crank with intermediate bush for the fork bearings with ratchet pinion
attached thereto the said pinion being used to drive the catch connected to the
wheel or hub plate of the bicycle in the manner before described. By the

page_text: application of the riders foot being firmly pressed upon the pedals he instantly
checks the revolution of the cranks which puts on the brakes-It will be observed
that the pedals thus used for brake purposes also form foot rests when the brake is
applied or otherwise when the pedals are slided down to near the centre of
the axle.
I also provide bearings upon the external diameter of the wheel hub either in
grooves or otherwise which I surround with brake blocks or grippers similar to
those I place upon the frictional bearings on the axle.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHUFFLING PLAYING CARDS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Franz Schwarz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1883.
JOHANN FRANZ SCHWARZ of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SHUFFLING PLAYING CARDS
"
I employ a casing open at the top for the introduction of the pack of cards and
at the bottom of this casing 1 form a series of bars by preference of glass or other
suitable smooth surfaced or highly polished material extending across from one side
to the other and which bars serve to separate the individual cards forming the
pack as they pass through to a lower compartment in doing which some cards pass
freely through whilst others are momentarily suspended upon the bars and thus
the pack becomes effectually shuffled.
In the lower compartment I form a suitable shelf affixed to one of the sides to
receive the pack of cards and which side is by preference hinged at the bottom so
as to facilitate the withdrawal of the pack of cards.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRESSING GLASS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John George Sowerby, of the Ellison Glass Works,
Gateshead on Tyne, in the County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer, for an
Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PRESSING
GLASS
"
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John George Sowerby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1883.
JOHN GEORGE SOWERBY, of the Ellison Glass Works, Gateshead on Tyne, in the
County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer, "AN IMPROVED PROCESS AND APPARATUS
FOR PRESSING GLASS
"
The object of my Invention is to prevent what is known in press glassmaking as
Sucking," and it consists in an improved process of working the mould and an
improved arrangement of Plungers, whereby I am enabled to dispense with the taper
on the plunger hitherto found necessary in order to press any deep article, and
produce a cell the sides of which will not fall in or the bottom suck up.
I propose to use two plungers, an outer and an inner plunger, and a current of
air applied as hereinafter set forth.
Assuming the cell to be pressed, both plungers being down; directly the outer
plunger begins to move slowly upwards the inside plunger is lifted quickly, by
means of a lever or other suitable mechanical arrangement, and simultaneously &
current of air is forced down between the plungers, into the bottom of the cell,
thereby filling up the vacuum caused by drawing out the plungers and preventing
any of the above mentioned "Sucking"

page_text: A is the plunger, having a hole through to admit plunger or stopper B, C is a
curved bar passing through the neck of plunger A and B, so as to lift the inside
plunger or stopper B after the Cell E is pressed, D is the air pipe conveying air
from blast or pump to Mould, E is the Cell.
When the plunger A descends the bar C is pushed in, which forces down the
inside plunger or stopper B, closing the hole in the face of plunger A and allowing
the Cell E to be pressed to shape of Mould F. As soon as the plunger A, begins to
ascend, the bar C is drawn out which lifts the inside plungor or stopper B, and allows
a current of air to pass into the inside of Cell E, filling up the vacuum, and cooling
the inside surface
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention and in
what manner the same is or may be performed.
I Claim as secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent :--
Firstly, the improved process of pressing Glass consisting in forcing down a current
of air into the Mould simultaneously with the rising of the plunger therefrom,
substantially as herein before described
Secondly in pressing Glass the use of a Mould having an outer and inner plunger
in combination with an air pump or blast, the whole arranged to operate as and for
the purpose herein before described
In Witness Whereof. I the said John George Sowerby have hereunto set my
hand and Seal this Tenth day of August in the year of our Lord One thousand
Eight hundred and Eighty three
IMPROVEMENTS OF WINDOW-FRAMES, SKY-LIGHTS, AND OTHER LIKE IN THE CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURES
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Booth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1883.
JOHN BOOTH of Bolton in the County of Lancaster. Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
OF WINDOW-FRAMES, SKY-LIGHTS, AND OTHER LIKE
IN THE CONSTRUCTION
STRUCTURES."
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of what is known as
window-frames, skylights and other windows; and to the mode of fixing glass with
or without putty, with plain L or T iron, or I shape, in cross-section, rolled out of
malleable or wrought iron, steel or other metallic materials, in long bar lengths
ready for being used as the bearing bars or frames in which sheets of glass are
carried and glazed for the making of windows, glass roofs, and other such like
structures in which glass has to be secured for the admission of light, and which
improvements will make such frames more efficient; combined with increased
strength, usefullness and more easily glazed than they have been, as heretofore
constructed.
The nature and novelty of this invention consists mainly in the manner in which
the various bars of the above mentioned sections are jointed; and consists in
notching or otherwise the web or flange of the bars, so as to slide or fit on the flat
web or flange of the bar to which it is to be secured; thus in the case of two bars
being jointed a butt joint is formed on the back side of the supporting bar, which
is provided with holes, through which rivets or bolts are inserted with countersunk
heads or otherwise; thus dispensing with the covering plate heretofore used, and
which is a great source of trouble and annoyance, as well as being one of weakness;
besides interfering very much with the glazing of the same.
By these improvements the seat or bed for the glass or other substance is
considerably improved, being more parallel or level than hitherto, thus rendering
the glass less liable to fracture from unequal glazing; at the same time making the
frame more rigid and firm, consequently can be made considerably lighter in section;
thereby producing economy both in material and cost.
In making the aforesaid window frames suitable for glazing with putty, the face

page_text: side or seat for the glass is rasped, thus making the surface rough, thereby ensuring
the putty sticking, which has not been the case hitherto; and in case it is desired
to glaze without putty, I accomplish it by providing the bars with holes placed at
suitable distances, in which are inserted copper eyes or other equivalents, which are
bent over the glass, thus clipping it and making the same secure; which can be ŏ
removed or replaced when desired or necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROADWAYS FOR TRAMCARS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Edward Knightley of 106 Cannon Street in
the City of London for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN ROADWAYS FOR
TRAMCARS AND OTHER VEHICLES
"
<s
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Edward Knightley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1883.
THOMAS EDWARD KNIGHTLEY of 106 Cannon Street in the City of London
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROADWAYS FOR TRAMCARS AND OTHER VEHICLES
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in roadways for tramcars and
other vehicles.
I construct a roadway having double lines of wood and iron paving for the
wheels of vehicles to run upon. The wooden blocks are laid as in ordinary
wood paving. The iron rails, of which there are several, are laid longitudinally
parallel the one to the other and they are inserted into grooves or recesses in the
upper surfaces of the wooden blocks. These rails are of a T form in section.
The spaces between the lines of wood and iron paving are macadamized or
paved after the ordinary manner.
The lines are placed at a convenient distance apart, each line of wood paving is
about 14 inches in width and six inches in depth and is formed of pieces of fir or
hard wood battens placed on end after the usual manner of wood block paving.
The parallel lengths of rolled iron are let into the same as already stated.

page_text: THOMAS EDWARD KNIGHTLEY (L.S.)
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DESKS AND BENCHES SUITABLE FOR SCHOOLS LECTURE HALLS MISSION ROOMS AND CHAPELS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Laurie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1883.
THOMAS LAURIE of 31 Paternoster Row in the City of London Educational
Publisher CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF DESKS AND BENCHES
SUITABLE FOR SCHOOLS LECTURE HALLS MISSION ROOMS AND CHAPELS
A right and left hand double standard of metal with projecting feet in the form
marked A A in accompanying Fig 1. Two revolving wrought iron straps C. C.
pierced for screw nails are rivetted to the top of the Standards at B. These straps
hold between them the desk board D to the ends of which they are screwed-The
board seen in the desk position at D can be revolved to E as shewn by the dotted
Jine and thus form a back for the bench in front
Rivetted to the top of each of the Desk Standards and projecting inwards are
in
two rigid iron straps top and bottom and pierced for screw nails (shewn at a, a,
accompanying Fig 2) Between these is fixed a square bar of wood two inches
square or thereabouts called the ink well bar (b b Figs 1 & 2) At proper
intervals holes are bored in this bar for the reception of ink wells and Grooves
for the reception of pens (shewn at c, c, c, Figs 1 & 2) These inkwells do not
require to be removed before revolving the desk board as the latter revolves over
and around the ink well bar. The ink well bar can also be made of iron or
other metal.
On the inside of the upper part of each of the Desk Standards (marked d Fig 2)
is a fixed metal snug óu which the desk board rests at the proper angle for a desk-
Attached to this there is a revolving metal snug (which is shown at e Fig 2) for the
purpose of inserting above the fixed snug in order to raise the desk board in a
horizontal position when required-On the inside of the Desk Standard (at G
Fig I) are two projecting metal palms on which is fixed a board (H. Fig I) called
the book board
At L Fig I are two broad cast iron palms for the support of the seat board-
At M is a metal socket to receive and hold a wooden bearer for strengthening
the seat.
At N is a revolving metal socket rivetted to the Standard for receiving and
supporting a foot board which can be turned up and down as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES.
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Desmond Gerald Fitz-Gerald and
Thomas John Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th August 1883.
DESMOND GERALD FITZ-GERALD of Brixton in the County of Surrey, and
THOMAS JOHN JONES of Princes Street, Hanover Square in the County of
Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES.'
"
In secondary batteries with lead electrodes as hitherto constructed the metallic
support or envelope constituting a portion of the anode or positive electrode in
charging, becomes rapidly disintegrated by reason of local action set up between
the metal and the lead peroxide produced, these being in contact with each other
and with the electrolyte.
Now this local action may be in very great measure diminished or obviated by
employing in the construction of those portions of the anode which are most liable
to disintegration and destruction by such local action a metal or alloy sufficiently
electro negative to metallic lead as to constitute a far less efficient couple when in
contact with peroxide of lead and an electrolyte such as dilute sulphuric acid, than
does ordinary metallic lead.
We have found by experiment that the alloys of lead and platinum are
decidedly electro-negative to ordinary metallic lead but an obstacle to the
employment of such alloys is the difficulty, consequent upon the brittleness of
such alloys when containing more than a certain percentage of platinum, of
manufacturing electrodes by rolling perforating.&c. We have found however that
when the proportion of platinum to lead does not exceed about 1 in 30 the alloy
whilst still very efficacious for the purpose in view viz-resisting the effect of
local action when in contact with lead peroxide and dilute sulphuric acid, may
readily be rolled into sheets, perforated, and otherwise worked in the construction
of those portions of anode elements which are required to resist the effects of local
action.
Our Invention consists in the construction of certain portions of the anode
element of an alloy of platinum and lead in certain definite proportions such that
the alloy can be rolled perforated and worked in the cold and will resist the effects
of local action under the circumstances above referred to.

page_text: The proportion of platinum in the alloy might be less than that above indicated
but we find that the officiency of the alloy for the purpose in view decreases in far
greater ratio than that of the diminution in the proportion of the platinum
component of the alloy.
The parts of the anode which we at present propose to make of this alloy are
(a) an outer perforated casing or receptacle enclosing porous spongy or finely
divided lead preferably in a strongly compressed condition and (b) a contral
contact plate or strip which may be used in conjunction with the external
perforated receptacle to obtain effective contact with the active material of the
anode
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BOATS OF SHEET METAL
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beesley and James Beesley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1883.
WILLIAM BEESLEY and JAMES BEESLEY of Barrow-in-Furness in the County of
Lancaster, Boiler Makers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BOATS
OF SHEET METAL
"
This invention of improvements in the mode of constructing boats of sheet
metal consists in forming the sides of boats of sheet metal plates bent under
pressure to the required curvature or shape. The sides so bent are provided on
tbeir lower edges with flanges which may be rivetted to the keel bar in the usual
manner, whilst the stern ends of the plates may be so formed as to receive a stern
plate if required. Suitable flanges or angle irons may be arranged to receive the
rudder supports and other boat's accessories. The sides of the boat when made of
sheet steel or iron are bent or curved whilst hot under hydraulic or other pressure
suitably shaped blocks or moulds giving the required curvature.
Boats constructed as above described are of less weight, stronger, and less liable
to leakage resulting from accident, or from contraction and expansion caused by
varying temperatures, than boats constructed of wood or of sheet metal in
numerous pieces rivetted together. Moreover the bent plates forming the boat
sides curved under pressure as above described may be readily packed together
for transportation so as to occupy comparatively little space so prepared as to.
be readily put together at their destination.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MARQUETRY PARQUET FOR FLOORING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Howard of N° 25 Berners Street in the Parish of
Saint Marylebone in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MARQUETRY PARQUET FOR FLOORING AND
OTHER PURPOSES
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Howard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th July 1883.
GEORGE HOWARD of N° 25 Berners Street in the Parish of Saint Mary-le-bone
in the county of Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MARQUETRY
PARQUET FOR FLOORING AND OTHER PURPOSES
This invention has for object the saving of material labor and expense in the
Manufacture of Marquetry Parquet, where it is desired to make Marquetry Parquet
with a darkened pattern on a ground the natural color of the wood used or vice
versa a pattern in the natural color of the wood on a darkened ground.
For the purpose of my invention I cut the desired pattern out of a thin lamina
of wood in the ordinary way by means of a fret saw, and then, according as it may
be desired to have the pattern or ground of the Marquetry Parquet dark I subject
the part so intended to be dark to the known process of of darkening by means
of Ammonia fumes I then replace the part when darkened in its original position
(or where as may well be done the pattern is at one and the same time cut out of
a series of laminae arranged one upon the top of another I replace the part when
darkened in its original position in the design) thus producing a dark pattern on a
ground the original color of the wood laminae or (as the case may be) a pattern in
the original color of the wood lamina on a darkened ground
By using this process, the waste entailed in the ordinary method of making
Marquetry Parquet where a pattern in dark and light woods is required is avoided
as by my process the exact area of Marquetry Parquet required can be made,
whilst by the methods (viz of cutting different colored laminae) ordinarily employed
it is necessary to work up nearly double the quantity in area of wood to that
actually required
My method moreover, saves the labor and consequent expense such as is entailed
in the manufacture of Parquet when the design or pattern is made up by fitting

page_text: .together a number of pieces of wood each of which is cut so as to form an
individual line of the pattern the disadvantage of which as compared with my
invention I have shown above
I claim the process of making Marquetry Parquet in the natural color of the
wood with a darkened pattern therein (or vice versa) from a single lamina (or series
of laminae) of wood substantially as above described: but I do not claim the
individual steps in the process
In witness whereof I the said George Howard have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRINOLINES, BONNETS, HATS, & STAYS AND FOR OTHER USES; AND IN FASTENERS THEREFOR
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Smeeton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1883.
"
"
GEORGE FREDERICK SMEETON of Halifax in the County of York Cotton Yarn
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRES EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CRINOLINES, BONNETS, HATS, & STAYS AND FOR OTHER USES; AND IN FASTENERS
THEREFOR
"
This invention relates to the "wires" employed for purposes aforesaid and for
other like uses and in fasteners therefor
"
Wires" made according to this said invention are composed of a combination
of two or more wires of hardened and tempered steel of round elliptical or other
section the individual wires composing the whole "wire are secured in relative
position to each other in the form of a tape or band by weaving or interlacing the
whole with cotton wool silk or other threads or yarn. Longitudinally with the
several wires I employ in some cases thread or cords of one of the above material
which space the individual wires
A modification of the above consists of three or more wires grouped in secting
triangular or circular, and with or without wrapping or interlaced with fibres as
described
Fasteners for securing the ends of the wires consist of a strip of perforated metal
folded and secured at the joint, the ends of the wire are passed from opposite
directions into the slide and the whole is secured by stitching through the
perforations
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1883

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Barham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1883.
ALFRED BARHAM, of Anerley in the County of Surrey,
MOWERS,"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The improvements have for their object to cut long grass or corn and they
consist of a rotating horizontal circular cutter or saw, fixed on a vertical shaft
geared into a horizontal cross shaft at right angles to the vertical shaft, said cross
shaft being geared at each end by wheels with chains to wheels on the axles of the
wheels carrying the machinery-below the rotating cutter is a plate of metal
having tines at its front end-The machinery being drawn by a horse, the tines,
which project beyond the cutter, divide and present the grass to the rotating cutter
which is worked by the gearing off the axle of the carrying wheels and shears or
mows the grass or corn which may fall anywhere, or on the bottom plate which
may be arranged to receive it-The various parts are best made of wood, but the
gearing and bottom plate of metal, the cutter of steel.