matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENT IN LIGHTHOUSE AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nicholas Douglass at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1871.
I, JAMES NICHOLAS DOUGLASS, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENT IN LIGHTHOUSE AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lighthouse and
other lamps.
In order to burn {paraffin oil or other such like volatile hydrocarbon
oil I employ an argand burner either with a single wick or a number
of concentric wicks, as may be required, and in place of allowing the
oil to overflow at the burner as is usual when other less volatile oils
are used I provide the lamp with a stand pipe exterior to the burner
and at a convenient distance from it so as not to be exposed to the
heat of the flame. The level of the overflow mouth of this stand pipe
is adjusted so as to be below the top of the burner tube in order that
the volatile liquid may be kept at a sufficient but not too great a
distance from the point of combustion.

page_text: F
The flow of oil is maintained by means similar to those now in use
so that the supply may always be in excess of the quantity burnt, and
this excess overflows from the stand pipe.
'
By the use of the stand pipe an overflow can be constantly maintained
at a level sufficiently near to that of the burning point without there 5
being any risk of the ignition of the liquid as it issues from the
overflow.
In the case of lighthouse and other large lamps I provide the stand
pipe with a glass cover so that the attendant may at all times be able
to see that a sufficient supply of oil is passing to the lamp.
1
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION POR COVERING PAPER TO BE USED IN THE PLACE OF TINFOIL PAPER
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Wilson Allin, of Glossop, in the County
of Derby, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION POR
COVERING PAPER TO BE USED IN THE PLACE OF TINFOIL PAPER."
Sealed the 11th April 1871, and dated the 28th January 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Wilson Allin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th January 1871.
I, EDWARD WILSON ALLIN, of Glossop, in the County of Derby,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOSITION FOR COVERING PAPER TO BE USED IN THE PLACE OF TINFOIL PAPER,"
to be as follows: —
This improved composition consists principally of a mixture of lead
and antimony dissolved in spirits of salts or muriatic acid either with or
without the admixture of a portion of tin. I take about half a ton of

page_text: lead and five hundredweight of antimony and melt them together by
means of heat, and whilst in the molten state I "feather" or granulate
the same by pouring it into a vessel of cold water. The metal or alloy
thus granulated I then put into a vessel containing about two tons of
spirits of salts (muriatic acid) and boil it by means of steam until
dissolved. I then wash the resulting paste and spread it upon the paper
either by hand or by the machine usually employed in making tin foil
paper or in any other convenient manner.
I may
here remark that the addition of about two hundredweight of
tin to the lead and antimony will give a more brilliant effect, if desired,
but for ordinary purposes the lead and antimony will give sufficient
lustre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1871.
I, SILAS ROGERS, of 123, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BRAKES FOR CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
:-
To the shaft of the vehicle I fix bearings carrying an axle having at
its ends tumbler levers linked at one part by chains to brake levers and
at another part to the ordinary traces, and in connection with the
bearings there are bolts which can keep the tumbler levers fast or leave
them free, the bolts being moved by arms or levers worked by hand or
foot.
When the brakes are to be applied the tumbler levers are unbolted
and the horse by pulling the traces puts on the brakes to the wheels,
and to prevent accidents when leaving the vehicle unattended the bolts
are always withdrawn, so that the brakes will be applied if the horse
should start or bolt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CLOSING THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix Henry March at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1871.
I, FELIX HENRY MARCH, of No. 2, Gothic Cottages, Serpentine Road,
Park Village East, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES
AND IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CLOSING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of valves to the necks of
bottles, as herein-after described, in lieu of corks or stoppers. I form in
the neck of the bottle a valve seat against which the valve fits, which said
valve is introduced through a slot or aperture formed in the said neck,
and consists of a flat metal plate having on its upper side a cushion.
of india-rubber or other elastic or semi-elastic material, which is held
against the valve seat either by a spring or by the pressure of the gases
contained in or evolved by the liquid in the bottle. The valve is hinged
air-tight to a metal plate which covers the slot or aperture aforesaid, and
which is fixed to the exterior of the neck of the bottle by means of
rivets, or cement, or otherwise. A thumb lever is formed on or affixed to

page_text: the valve, by pressing which lever the said valve can be depressed so as
to open
the passage in the neck of the bottle and thus allow it to be
filled or emptied. The said thumb lever may be so affixed to the valve
as to be capable of removal therefrom in order to facilitate the packing
and transport of the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Shephard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1871.
I, RICHARD SHEPHARD, of Bradford, in the County of York, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the constructing, applying,
and arranging various parts of looms in order to facilitate the process
and to diminish costs in the construction of looms; also to render such
parts better adapted for their respective purposes, and to be more readily
managed by the attendant.
Firstly. It relates to the means of " taking-up" or the apparatus for
winding the woven fabric upon the beam, and the improvements consist
in the construction and application of two iron bars or cross rails, by
preference of cast iron, polished by grinding and glazing, and placed in
such relative positions to the taking-up roller that the fabric being
passed over them will lay nearly upon the whole circumference of the
said roller, which will thereby have a more firm hold of it than
heretofore.

page_text: Secondly. It relates to the pressing levers or the weighted levers
applied to the piece beam, and the warp, beam to produce drag or
retarding effects thereon, and the improvements consist in casting pivots
on the said levers and open bearings or steps in brackets or pedestals to
be affixed to the framing to support the levers. Or in casting pivots or
studs on the bearing brackets and holes in the levers to fit the same, and
instead of having to drill holes in such studs for the insertion of cotters,
I cast the cotters on the studs and grooves in the holes to allow the
levers to be passed on or off the studs when in a certain position and
held on by the cotters when in the working position.
Thirdly. It relates to the picking shafts, and the improvements consist
in casting each footstep bracket in two parts to receive a ball foot which
is formed on the shaft.
By these improvements the costs of fitting are almost avoided as
turning and boring are entirely dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE TENONS OF THE FRAMES OF CHAIRS, SOFAS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CABINET FURNITURE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pollock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August
1871.
I, JOHN POLLOCK, of the Firm of M. & J. Pollock, of Beith, in the
County of Ayr, North Britain, Cabinet and Chair Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE TENONS OF THE FRAMES OF CHAIRS,
SOFAS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF CABINET FURNITURE," to be as follows, that is
to say:
1
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of chairs,
sofas, and other articles of cabinet furniture, and to machinery employed
for tenoning the various parts of the same.
In order to cut the tenons of the rails or other parts of the woodwork
of the chairs, sofas, or other articles of cabinet furniture the pieces of
wood after being planed are placed in a machine which is composed
of two side frames situated at a short distance apart from each other, and
secured to a suitable sole or foundation. At the front end of each of
these side frames two saw spindles are situated in horizontal or approxi-

page_text: bracket upon which it rests, and as it passes the sets of saws situated
at the front end of the apparatus the rail is cut to the required length
over the ends of the tenons by means of the large saws upon the upper
shafts, whilst the shoulders of the tenon are checked in upon the top
and bottom sides of the rail by the shoulder cutting saws; and after this
has been effected, and the table is still moved further towards the rear
part of the machine, the ends of the rails are passed between the ripping
saws situated at each side, whereby the tenon is ripped out to the
required thickness, the back or lower edge of which is immediately
brought into contact with the revolving spiral scutching blocks, and is
rabbeted to the required breadth, the said breadth being regulated by
means of a stopper upon the axles of the scutching knives.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS HOLDERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fleming Allan and James
Moffat at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th June 1871.
We, JOHN FLEMING ALLAN and JAMES MOFFAT, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Gas Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has principally for its objects to obtain a gas holder
which is conveniently portable (suitable for railway carriages, for
example,) and is economical in first cost.
The improved gas holder is also suitable for country houses, or in
other cases where portability may not be a desideratum:
The improved gas holder is a collapsible box, by preference of a
rectangular form in plan, and consisting of rigid top and bottom con-
nected by sides of a suitable flexible material, such as rubber cloth,
not permeable by illuminating gas, the pipes for leading the gas in and
out being in the bottom which is stationary. The top is movable and is
guided by means of eyes formed on it and sliding on rods fixed to the

page_text: bottom. The sides are distended or kept to their proper form by a
number of internal frames, which are by preference of wood, the corners
of such frames being rounded, whilst beads or strips of wood or metal
_ are fixed externally to bind the flexible material to the frames, but
these beads terminate at certain distances short of the corners, so as 5
not to interfere with the folding of the flexible materials at the corners
when the holder collapses. The holder may be weighted to give
pressure, or it may be suspended by the centre of its top to a cord
passing over a pulley to a counterweight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th August 1871.-A communication from abroad by E. L. Cantwell,
of Calcutta, India.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES FOR ROOFING,"
a communication, to be as follows :--
This Invention is designed to afford the means whereby a roof can
be covered with a sheeting of tiles without any nails, screws, or other like
fastenings, except in the first tile at the eaves, and the last tile at the
ridge of the roof.
My improved tiles are made in two forms, one of which I call the
"nurriah lock" and the other the "flat lock," and these on being
placed on a roof are interlocked with each other.
The "nurriah lock" tile is in the form of a frustum of a cone open
down the side to allow of its passing over and locking the tiles beneath it.

page_text: The "flat lock" tile is a modification of the Grecian tile, and can
be used as a bed layer in conjunction with the "nurriah" tile or as a
covering and locking layer. It is a flat tile or sheet narrower at one
end than at the other to allow of its passing into the tile in front of it,
and has its sides curved upward and inward to hold securely when
locked with the other tiles. These tiles can be made of clay, sheet
metal, or other suitable material and of any required dimensions. When
made of sheet metal they may be either corrugated or plain, stop clips
should be fixed to them either by rivetting or soldering, the latter being
preferable. When no sheeting is used and the tiles are stretched from
purlin to purlin, it is desirable that the upper end should be fixed. If
the purlin be of wood, the clip should be bent down and screwed or
nailed to the back of it. But if of flat bar iron, angle iron, or T iron,
the clip should be turned in and clinched under it.
The cross section of the "nurriah lock" tiles may be triangular,
polygonal, circular, or partly circular; I consider the circular form the
best when rigidity from ridge to eaves is required, but when the
utmost economy of material is desired the form of an arc of a circle
should be adopted.
.
The advantages of these tiles in addition to their requiring no fixing
are their non-liability to displacement, their applicability to every de-
scription of roof, such as thatch, plaster, shingle, or plank, or to pastines
only, and their non-liability to damage from perforations in bolting,
screwing, or rivetting. Furthermore the "nurriah" acts as a rafter
from eaves to ridges and partially supports the weight of the roofing
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET OR OTHER SUCH LAMPS AND IN APPA- RATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Webb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1871.
I, THOMAS GEORGE WEBB, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET OR OTHER SUCH LAMPS AND IN APPA-
RATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a method of constructing the lamp
by which I gain an increased amount of reflection. For this purpose I
form the lamp spherical, cylindrical, or of other suitable shape in two
portions, which may be separated at pleasure, and one or both of these
portions I form with prisms by the ordinary process of pressing or
cutting, but I prefer to so form the upper part only and the under part
plain.
Secondly, my Invention relates to apparatus for ascending the lamp
post for the purpose of cleaning or lighting if desired, and by means of
which I am enabled to dispense with the projecting rail ordinarily used

page_text: as a rest for the ladder. For this purpose I construct a ladder with a
fork at its upper end which embraces the lamp post, and in order to
steady it I adapt a hinged strut. which may be turned downward and
its end passed into a slot or similar part formed on the post, in which
position it may be secured by a set screw or similar means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dykes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1871.
I, JOHN DYKES, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS, AND IN THE APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to a novel arrangement or construction
of mechanism to be employed for the propulsion of ships, consists of
a shaft whereon frames are fixed with openings in them, and over which
hanging valves are placed; the apparatus referred to is by preference
placed in the stern part of the ship and as it is vibrated or oscillated
by the motion of the engine, the frames with the hanging valves upon
them alternately draw in and force out the water through openings in
the apparatus, and which is thus maintained in one or more streams
issuing from the stern, thereby propelling the ship forwards.
When it is required to propel the ship backwards one or more
passages leading forwards from the apparatus in the stern is placed in

page_text: communication with the propellor by opening a valve, at the same
time the discharge opening in the stern is closed, and therefore the
water is discharged forwards which causes the ship to be propelled
backwards.
My Invention is illustrated by the appended Sheet of Drawings on
which Figure 1 represents in horizontal section a diagram of the
apparatus or mechanism employed. A is the shaft; B, B, the frames;
C, the hanging valves placed over the openings in these frames as shewn
at Figure 2. The apparatus is shewn enclosed in a circular casing D,
in the bottom of which, and towards the stem or bow of the ship,
openings E, E, are formed for the admission of water which is drawn
in through the openings E, E, alternately by the vibrating action of
the frames B, B, and afterwards forcibly discharged into the pipe or
nozzle F leading to the stern of the ship; G is the crank by which
the moving parts of the apparatus are vibrated or oscillated and which
is connected to the engine.
In lieu of enclosing the apparatus in a casing, as shewn, it may be
contained in a suitably constructed chamber or compartment in the
body of the ship.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PROTECTION OF BOTTLES AND OTHER FRAGILE SUBSTANCES BY A COVERING OF WOOD AND FELT, WITH MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adolphus Alcorn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1871.
I, WILLIAM ADOLPHUS ALCORN, of No. 68, Bagshot Street, Albany
Road, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PROTECTION OF
BOTTLES AND OTHER FRAGILE SUBSTANCES BY A COVERING OF WOOD AND FELT, WITH
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME,” to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in making a covering composed of wood and
woollen, felted, or any elastic suitable material as follows :—
I take a piece of split wood or any suitable material, say six feet long,
in width equal to the circumference of the bottle to be covered, and
about one-sixteeth of one inch thick. I then place it on a table, and
by glue or other suitable adhesive matter, glue down bands of woollen,
felted, or elastic material the length required for different sized bottles.
I then reverse the side of the wood, and by a machine composed of a
series of teeth or cutters fastened on a bar of iron or wood at intervals
of about a quarter of an inch from cach tooth or cutter, having adjusting

page_text: screws so as only slightly to cut the wood in a longitudinal direction,
then with a similar cutter only with one tooth I cut in a transverse
direction through the wood the intended length for the bottle; the piece
of wood then shews the work done to it by having on one side a number
of longitudinal cuts, and on the other the bands of wool or felt running
in a transverse direction. The covering is then folded to form a cylinder,
the longitudinal cuts giving way by the pressure of folding form a series
of pieces of wood held together by the bands of woollen, felted, or elastic
material which extend beyond the said pieces of wood, the gluing of
which said bands to the opposite side forms them into a cylinder.
]
IMPROVEMENTS IN CREEL AND OTHER SIMILAR FRAMES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Radford at the Office
.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1871.
I, THOMAS RADFORD, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester,
Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CREEL AND OTHER SIMILAR FRAMES," to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in creel and other
similar frames, and relates firstly to a novel mode of applying friction
to the bobbins carried by such frames.
Hitherto the bobbins in creel and other frames have been allowed to
rest by their peripheries on "strips" or bars fixed on the under side of
the frames, by which a certain amount of friction was imparted to the
bobbins. It has however been found in practice that the "strips" or
bars and the peripheries of the bobbins in a comparatively short time
wear smooth, whereby the bobbins become liable to slip. Now I have
found that by the application of a suitable frictional material between

page_text: the "strips" or bars and the peripheries of the bobbins I obviate this
difficulty and obtain a uniform friction or drag to the bobbins. For
this purpose I by preference apply to the upper sides of the "strips" or
bars just where the peripheries of the bobbins rest pieces of leather
or other suitable frictional material, or if desired such leather or other
frictional material may be applied to the peripheries of the bobbins.
The Invention relates secondly to a novel mode of mounting the
bobbins so as to avoid the necessity of using "pegs" or spindles with
such bobbins. For this purpose I support the bobbins by their
peripheries upon small pulleys or rollers mounted on suitable pins or
axes fixed in the frame; or I use the "strips" or bars and frictional
material as before described, and in front of such bobbins I mount other
small pulleys, or rollers, or strips, or bars, with or without frictional
material to act against the peripheries of the bobbins and prevent them.
getting out of their places on a sudden motion being given thereto. And
in order to prevent the bobbins binding on their ends I fix within
suitable recesses in the frame small bowls or beads with wires passing
through their centres, or their equivalent, so as to enable such beads
or bowls to revolve when the ends of the bobbins are forced against
them and thereby prevent such bobbins binding at their ends against
the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICAL AND OTHER PLAISTERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Seyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1871. A communication from abroad by Benjamin Brandreth, of
the City of New York, in the United States of America.
I, ERNEST SEYD, of Princes Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEDICAL
AND OTHER PLAISTERS," communicated to me from abroad by Benjamin
Brandreth, of the City of New York, in the United States of America,
to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to prevent the two sides
of plaisters from sticking together when packed or rolled up. It is pro-
posed to effect this by covering the prepared or adhesive side of the
plaister with any suitable woven or textile fabric manufactured in the
usual way from cotton, flax, or other fibrous substance, thereby pre-
serving the plaister from injury. It is simply necessary to apply the afore-
said fabric to the prepared side of the plaister to which it will adhere by
gentle pressure, and when the plaister is required for use the aforesaid

page_text: fabric can easily be removed therefrom by the application of moisture
thereto, thus leaving the prepared side of the plaister perfect and intact
and the medical and other properties unimpaired.
The above method of preserving plaisters will be found of great service
to large hospitals, army and navy surgeons on service, field hospitals,
travellers, and the public generally..
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEET IRON TELEGRAPHIC POSTS, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME, AND IN THEIR BEING USED AS SIGNAL MASTS AND SHIP MASTS, ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Auguste Desgoffe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1871.
I, JULES AUGUSTE DESGOFFE, Civil Engineer, of the City of Paris,
in France, No. 8, Boulevart de Vangirard, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEET IRON TELEGRAPHIC POSTS,
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME, AND IN THEIR BEING USED AS SIGNAL MASTS
AND SHIP MASTS, ALSO IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of telegraphic and signal
posts, masts, and posts for analogus purposes in sheet iron; the iron
being previously cut in suitable lengths is afterwards bent by means of
an apparatus of semi-triangular form, within the supports of the frame
forming which are two cast-iron pieces of uniform shape according to
the model adopted; at the upper end of the frame are locking screws
whose pressure is exercised on a mandrel, the raised or convex form of
which is reproduced in a hollow or concave manner on the sheet iron,

page_text: the edges of which are then beaten down by a mallet, and the several
pieces are then united by rivets or bolts.
The insulating wire suspenders may be either fixed directly on to the
posts or on strips of iron rivetted thereto.
Steps are placed at convenient distances apart on one of the wings of 5
the posts to facilitate the adjustment and inspection of the wires when
necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS OR STEAM GREASERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lilley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1871.
I, ALFRED LILLEY, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LUBRICATORS OR STEAM GREASERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable for lubricating all kinds of machinery
actuated by steam, the object being to impermeate the steam with
minute particles of grease or fatty matter in its passage through the
steam pipe to the cylinders or slide valves, thereby diminishing the
friction of those surfaces. For this purpose I employ a cylindrical vessel
with narrow neck or orifice attached to or communicating with the
steam pipe or steam chest. This vessel is filled with oil or other
lubricant. The action of the steam in the vessel displaces minute
portions of the oil or lubricant from the orifice of the vessel; a portion
of the steam becomes condensed in the vessel, and the water thus formed
occupies the place of the lubricant which has been displaced. The
water being of greater specific gravity falls to the bottom of the vessel,

page_text: thereby raising a proportionate quantity of the lubricant to the orifice,
through which it is carried off by the action of the steam, and this
action continues as long as the machinery is in motion, or until the
whole of the lubricant has been displaced. The water is then drawn off
from the vessel by an ordinary cock attached thereto, and refilled with 5
the lubricant.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KETTLES FOR COOKING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1871.-A communication from abroad by Caroline
Jessup, of the City and County of New Haven, State of Connecticut,
United States of America.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son,
Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
KETTLES FOR COOKING," a communication to me from abroad by Caroline
Jessup, of the City and County of New Haven, State of Connecticut,
United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in cooking utensils, such as
are used for boiling or stewing; the object being the construction of a
kettle with two or more divisions, so that different articles may be
cooked at the same time in a single kettle; and the Invention consists
in dividing the kettle into two or more compartments provided with
covers to cut off the connection between the compartments.

page_text: On the accompanying [Sheet of Drawings, A is the kettle, shaped
and constructed to adapt it to use upon the stove or range, similar to the
kettles in common use. The interior of the kettle is divided into
compartments, here represented as three, with partitions B, C, D, each
extending up to the top of the kettle, and each compartment provided
with its own independent cover E, to prevent the steam from one part
communicating to another.
IMPROVEMENTS” IN DRESSING, DYEING, SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND FULLING OR MILLING GOODS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pearson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1871.
I, JOSEPH PEARSON, of the Firm of Messieurs John Pearson and Son,
of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, Bleachers, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS” IN
DRESSING, DYEING, SCOURING, BLEACHING, AND FULLING OR MILLING GOODS," to be
as follows:-
Hitherto in the processes of dressing, dyeing, scouring, bleaching, and
fulling or milling silk, cotton, and worsted goods, and goods manu-
factured of other textile materials or of mixed materials, when in such
processes a solution of soap has been employed, and when hot water
has been used with such solution, the water used for the said solution
and the hot water have been ordinary hard water or at the best only
water of such a degree of softness as is obtained from ordinary wells or
from the supplies of public companies, such water in either case
decomposes a considerable quantity of the soap employed.

page_text: Now according to my Invention I use in the above-named processes
hot water and a solution of soap, the said hot water and the water used
in making the solution of soap being in my Invention pure or nearly
pure soft water, which water I obtain by condensing the steam of water,
in other words, I use water produced by condensing steam by any of
the well-known means employed for that purpose.
By my Invention I effect a very considerable saving of the quantity of
soap employed.
AN IMPROVED HOE FOR HOEING CORN, TURNIPS, AND OTHER CROPS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Whiting at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1871.
I, JOSEPH WHITING, of Hitchin, in the County of Herts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOE FOR
HOEING CORN, TURNIPS, AND OTHER CROPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in manufacturing a hoe open at the
upper part for the earth to pass through in the act of hoeing; and,
secondly, in combining two, three, or more of such said hoes together so
as to be able to hoe between three or more rows of corn or other crops at
one and the same time, instead of hoeing between two rows only at one
time, as now practised.
The following is an example of the manner of making a hoe and
of combining two, three, or more hoes together, that is to say, instead of
making the hoe as now practised with a hole at top to receive a handle,
I propose to make the blade of the hoe plain and with an arched or bent
piece of metal springing from the top of each opposite edge as a half
circle, to the highest part of which another piece of metal is fixed at

page_text: about right angles to the face of the blade of the hoc, and this picco is
pointed to receive a handle. And in combining two or more of such
said hoes together at suitable distances asunder, I form tho piece to
which the blades of the hoes are to be fixed as a two or three pronged
fork with a piece midway of such said fork to receive a handle, if a hoc 5
to be worked by hand (which I prefer), but if attached to a machine the
aforesaid handle will not be required.
The aforesaid improved hoo when pulled along through the ground
intended to be hoed will allow the earth to pass clean over the top
edge of the blade of the hoc, and by these means distribute the carth 1
uniformly between the rows of crops instead of unevenly as is now the
case in using a hoc of the ordinary kind, morcover by the use of the
improved hoo more work can be done in a given time and better than by
an ordinary hoc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ladislas Siccinoski at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th March 1871.-A communication from abroad by Auguste
Frizac, of 15, Ruc Louis Napoleon, Toulouse, France.
Ì, CHARLES LADISLAS SIECINOSKI; of 10, Sackville Street, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a forge which
will be so compact as to be readily movable from place to place.
The characteristic features of this Invention are, first, a regulating pipe
for economizing the fuel and keeping the fire always at a red heat;
secondly, a ventilator which acts noiselessly, and which on the slightest
pressure produces a draught capable of melting masses of a large size.
The regulating pipe is supported in the air chamber perpendicularly tö
the hearth, and is provided with a sliding valve or register by which the
draught can be easily regulated. This valve as well as its orifice is
arranged so as readily to admit of repair or renewal. The air chamber is

page_text: provided with a valve or other appliance at its lower part, by means of
which the the exit for the scorice may be closed at will. The ventilator
consists of four wings or pieces fixed to a shaft, a sufficient space being
left for the flow of air between the axis and wing pieces. Two discs are
placed at each side of the ventilator and the whole is enclosed in an
envelope of cast iron or other material. The ventilator is moved either
by a system of gearing or by a wheel and rope. It can be set in motion
by a crank actuated either by the hand or foot or by means of a pedal.
In order to make the apparatus movable, so as to render it especially
useful for warlike purposes or others of the same nature; it is only
necessary to mount it upon a frame and fix it there by bolts inscrted
through corresponding holes in the frame and apparatus. The frame
can be itself mounted upon wheels or be carried on any description of
waggon or vehicle.
It is needless to add that the above-described system is applicable to
all kinds of forge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS and Railways, aND APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS. PATENT to. James Gowans, of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS and Railways, aND
APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES.”
Sealed the 26th March 1872, and dated the 5th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gowans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th October 1871.
I, JAMES GOWANS, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAMWAYS AND
RAILWAYS, AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
•
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus to
be used in the construction of tramways or railways, and for effecting

page_text: other generally similar work; part of which apparatus is also applicable
for excavating, quarrying, or mining purposes, and for the dressing of
stone; and it consists in the application of a wheel or disc, or of straight
or other shaped arms attached to a revolving or reciprocating drum or
shaſt, which when revolving or reciprocating lift to the required height
a pick or picks, or a causeway beater or beaters, or hammers, and these
after being so lifted are detached from the wheel or disc, or arms, by
coming out of contact with a pin, stud, stop, or other suitable appliance
attached to the machine, and by which it or they were lifted, and being
so detached fall, thus giving a blow on the material to be operated upon,
the force of which can be increased by the use of a spring acting from
the frame of the machine upon the picks, beaters, or hammers. The pin
while the pick, beater, or hammer is in motion, can be so altered by
means of a handle as to regulate the blow given by the pick, beater, or
hammer.
The pick head consists of two parts :-First, a socket attached to the
pick shaft into which is inserted a picking point or tool, kept in its
place by means of screws, pinching pins, or wedges, cotters, or otherwise,.
so that when one pick point is blunted it can be taken out and replaced
by another.
The machine herein described may also be applied for the purpose of
hammer dressing and "tooling" granite or other hard stone, and for
using as a hammer or maul in mining or quarrying operations.
The pick, beater, or hammer may be driven directly from the cylinder
of a steam engine or by manual labour.
ง
AN IMPROVED STOPPER FOR GINGER BEER AND OTHER AERATED WATER BOTTLES, OR GASEOUS WATER BOTTLES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Kilner and Tom Kilner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with thier Petition,
on the 27th October 1871.
WC, CALEB KILNER, Manager at Messrs. Kilner Brothers' Glass
Bottle Manufactory, Conisborough, near Rotherham, and TOM KILNER,
Clerk, of Thornhill Lees, near Dewsbury, all in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
STOPPER FOR GINGER BEER AND OTHER AERATED WATER BOTTLES, OR GASEOUS
WATER BOTTLES," to be as follows:-
―:
This Invention relates to an improved stopper for ginger beer and
other aerated or gaseous water bottles, which is constructed and
arranged substantially as follows:-In the bottle (of whatever size or
shape) to which the Invention is to be applied, we first place a bail of
either glass or other similar or suitable material, and we next fit in the
neck or mouth of the bottle a ring or washer of india-rubber, the inner
circumference of which is of a conical form, the larger opening being
towards the interior of the bottle. This ring or washer is held in its
place by means of a brass or other suitable metal cap, which is placed on

page_text: the ring or neck of the bottle and secured by wire, which passes round
the same close under the ring.
When the bottle is being filled it is placed in a frame provided with
a bottom (carrying the bottle), which is capable of being raised and
lowered by means of a screwed rod, so as to securely hold the bottle, of 5
whatever size, whilst the same is in the act of being filled.
When the bottle is being filled, the ball above mentioned lies at the
bottom of the bottle, but as soon as the bottle is as full as is required, it
is turned round till it is bottom upwards, when the ball will fall to the
mouth of the bottle, and the gas from the liquid therein will keep it in 1
this position (till required to be used) by pressing it up against the
conical surface of the india-rubber washer, so that the liquid will be
prevented from diminishing in quantity or from losing any of its effer-
vescing qualities.
When it is required to empty the bottle, all that is necessary is to 1
push down the ball, when the mouth of the bottle will open and so allow
AN IMPROVED WATCH PROTECTOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Willard Brigham Farwell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th December 1871.
I, WILLARD Brigham FarwELL, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of Moorgate Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED WATCH PROTECTOR," to be as follows:—
My Invention relates to a simple, secure, and convenient apparatus
to be fastened in the pocket for holding a watch in such a manner that
the same cannot possibly be taken therefrom without the knowledge of
the wearer.
The said protector is an elastic metal clip formed to fit compactly
upon the watch, and in the pocket in which it is secured by buttons or
other convenient fastenings, and it is made to open and close so that the
watch may be taken out of the pocket and replaced as usual without
removing the protector from the pocket.
To form my improved watch protector I take a thin piece of steel or
hammered brass or other sufficiently elastic metal, and cut or stamp the

page_text: same into the required shape. This shape must be such that the
said metal piece when bent to form the clip will so enclose the watch
as to prevent its removal except when opened. The form I find the
most convenient for my purpose is that of a bent clip with two arms on
each side, the watch resting in the bend of the clip and being enclosed
by the arms with the handle or ring of the watch between them. The
arms on the two sides of the clip are bent at the ends to meet over the
edge of the watch, and the arms on one side are formed with slots or
holes to receive small tongues formed on the opposite arms. These
tongues entering the said slots keep the protector closed over the watch,
but by a slight pressure of the fingers applied to the arms they are
readily released, and the elasticity of the metal will cause the clip to
open so that the watch may be taken out. I prefer to form small
projections or ears upon these tongued arms for the fingers to act on in
releasing them.
:
To fasten the protector securely in the pocket I attach to the back of
the protector two buttons, and form in the back of the pocket two
button holes, into which I insert the said buttons. Or I may use studs,
hooks, or other similar fastenings instead of these buttons for securing
the protector.
The metal clip should be lined with leather or other soft substance to
prevent any injury to the surface of the watch.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR RENDERING FABRICS AND OTHER POROUS SUBSTANCES IMPERVIOUS TO MOISTURE OR WATER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Adolphe Carteron and
Eugene Rimmel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th January 1871.
We, JEAN ADOLPHE CARTERON, of Lille, France, Chemist, temporarily
of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, and EUGENE RIMMEL, of
the Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Perfumer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for ." A NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUND
FOR RENDERING FABRICS AND OTHER POROUS SUBSTANCES IMPERVIOUS TO MOISTURE
OR WATER," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the employment of a certain compound
or combination of ingredients, which the Inventors call hydrofugine
which has the property of rendering fabrics impervious to water without
interfering with the circulation of air through them..
According to this Invention we take two pans, each able to contain
about five gallons, into one of them we place 20 lbs. of sulphate of
alumina cut into thin slices; into the other we pour 8lbs. of oleic acid
and about a gallon and a half of spirits of wine or other alcohol. These
we stir to properly mix them, we then pour gradually the contents of this
second pan into the first pan; stirring all the time with a wooden pallett

page_text: and continuing stirring for about 20 minutes after. When the mixture
is perfectly made, we allow it to settle for about 24 hours, then the spirits
and the oleic acid which float on the top can be poured off. The
precipitate is to be placed in a felt filter and submitted to a strong
pressure to obtain a solid cake. This cake is removed and dried in or on i
a moderately hot stove and afterwards reduced to powder, which we call
hydrofugine. This powder is prepared for use for woollen fabrics by
mixing and dissolving about 1 lb. of the powder in about 20 gallons of
water. For silk, linen, or other fabrics, 1 lbs. of the powder will be
required for every 20 gallons of water. The solutions are to be passed
through a sieve before dipping the fabrics therein to completely saturate
them. They are afterwards removed and dried, when they will be found
to be impervious to water, but not to air.
IMPROVED SCHOOL DESKS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Howard Finch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1871.
I, JAMES HOWARD FINCH, of Whetstone, near Leicester, in the County
of Leicestershire, Schoolmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED SCHOOL DESKS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a deal or pine bottom with an oak covering
in which are slits or apertures for the children to write through, varying
in breadth from an inch upwards, the length also varying from 6 to 9
inches. The position of the slit is governed by the length of arm and
size of the children, but for all ordinary purposes, for little children, the
best position is from 6 to 7 inches from the bottom margin of the desk.
A strong and durable string is attached to the bottom of the slate,
passing under it and over a suitable roller, and which is hidden from the
sight in the desk near the top. The string is brought back underneath
the desk through a groove which is covered by a slide, the use of which
is to allow another string to be inserted when required. For copy books
a frame is used, or the copy book is attached to the slate by spring
clasps, and the both are moved up and down together.
.

page_text: This Invention is adapted to all existing desks by simply applying to
them these oak or other coverings, with any number of slits that may
be required, and inserting the roller in the old desk underneath the
covering. These covers are made to be fixed on permanently, or to be
put on and removed at pleasure. The slates or copy books are moved
up and down in precisely the same way as that already described.
The Invention is well adapted to nursery and other schools as well as
to private families. For this purpose a neat little oak or mahogany desk
about 15 inches by 12 inches is made, bottom, sides, cover, all complete.
In this case the copy is made to pass directly through the cover in
which the aperture is made and in which the roller is inserted. These
desks are supposed to be placed round a table, each child having his
own separate desk.