otherwise Treating Yarns in Cops.
Year: 1888

page_text: otherwise Treating Yarns in Cops.
I, HENRY FREDERICK LIPPITT, a citizen of the United States, residing at
Providence, in the state of Rhode Island, United States of America, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
°
This invention relates to, and is applicable in connection with, certain improve-
ments in the art of dyeing, bleaching, or otherwise treating cotton and other yarns
in the form of cops, by either sucking or forcing liquid dyes, or other liquids
used in dyeing bleaching or otherwise treating the cops, through the cops when
mounted upon hollow perforated tubes, skewers, or injection spindles, which extend
respectively through the cops and render every portion of each cop subject to the
action of the said liquids, the said improvements having been invented by August
Graemiger and constituting the subject matter of United States Letters Patent
No. 368,715, granted August 23rd, 1887, to the Crompton Company assignee of said
Graemiger.
In the aforesaid practice of dyeing yarns in cops upon hollow perforated injection
tubes, it is obvious that the tube, notwithstanding the fact that it is perforated, must
be so formed as to its perforations that the cop can be easily applied and removed
without damage to such of its threads as form the walls of its core or axial aperture
and therefore come into immediate contact with the surfaces of the tube. This is the
more a necessity because the cop, after the shrinkage incident to the operation of
injection, clings so tightly to the tube as to be with difficulty manually removed,
and because the integrity of the internal cop threads must be perfectly maintained.
With these conditions in view, hollow tubes, adapted to be introduced within the
hollow core of a cop to be bleached or otherwise treated, have been provided with a
series of elongated and, in fact, double-pointed perforations or openings, which by
reason of their form have permitted of the application and removal of the cop without
injury to its internal threads. Notwithstanding the fact, however, that injection tubes
of the foregoing character possess, in the matter of the application and removal of the

page_text: cop, many advantages over tubes having perforations of other forms more likely to
cut the internal threads of the hollow axis of the cop,-it has yet been found in
practice that the cop in its shrinkage clings so tightly to said tube as to render
difficult and sometimes imperfect the operation or act of injection through the thickest
portion of said cop, or that portion which, as cops are commonly made, is just above
the upper termination of the cop tube.
It is the object of my invention to so construct an injection tube or spindle that a
cop can not only be readily applied to and removed from it, but also be readily injected
or saturated with the dye stuff throughout the substance of its region of greatest diameter,
and these objects I accomplish by drawing in, narrowing, double tapering, or
contracting, that portion of the tube itself which, when the cop has been applied,
comes opposite to the thickest portion of said cop, so as to render said tube at
said portion of less diameter than it would otherwise be were its taper or cylindric
contour continued uniform throughout its length.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a central, vertical, sectional, elevation through a hollow perforated
injection tube embodying my invention, and equipped with a cop to be injected
upon it.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the tube of figure 1.
Figures 3, 4, and 5, are magnified, fragmentary, central, vertical, sectional,
elevations, through sections of a tube susceptible of embodying my invention and
illustrative of forms of perforations or openings which are the equivalents of the
lenticular openings shown in the tubes of figures 1 and 2.
Figure 6 is a similar view illustrative of such an opening as 1 prefer to employ.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
The injection tube A is formed of any material, preferably metal, capable of
withstanding the chemical action of liquid dyes and other liquids, and the
temperatures employed in the operation of dyeing, bleaching, drying, or otherwise
treating the cops. The tube is closed at its upper extremity but otherwise is hollow
throughout. a designate the perforations through the walls of the tube, which, as
stated, are preferably of forms resorted to by Graemiger. These perforations it is to
be understood are no part of this invention. a* is the usual annular gauge flange
common in these tubes, which is preferably stamped out as a flat ring, slid upon the
tube, and secured by solder. This flange is a device of convenienco serving to
gauge the position of the cop upon the tube and to protect against unravelling or
breaking down the lowermost or bottom threads of the cop, which is pressed very
firmly against said flange. B, figure 1, represents a cop in place upon the tube, and ba
cop tube of any character, but preferably of knitted, woven or braided textile material
stiffened with size.
Heretofore all injection tubes of the practical employment of which I have
knowledge, have been formed with a regular and, usually, a very gradual or slight
taper, uniform, however, throughout the length of the tube, which, geometrically
considered, has, therefore, been a slightly conical body. In iny invention I depart
from this regular form, by narrowing or contracting that portion of the tube which
in figure 2 is indicated as being included between the horizontal dotted lines x-x
and y-y, the contracted portions being externally scooped out, so to speak, or, more
strictly speaking, the tube being drawn in from two directions toward a central region
to which the arrow 2 in figure 2 is shown as pointing, so as to be as to its bore
strictured, and as to its exterior pinched in or narrowed. This construction results in
the provision or existence, when the cop is applied, of an annular interspace between
the axial aperture of the cop and the walls of the injection tube in the region of its
contraction, such interspace being indicated in figure 1 by the solid black inking to
which the arrows wow point.
It will now be apparent that, in the operation of injection with a spindle
embodying my improvements, the injecting liquid is afforded the freest opportunity
for access to the walls of the axial aperture of the cop in the region of its greatest
diameter or thickness, which is, of course, that region to which it is most desirable and

page_text: at the same time most difficult for the liquid to have access to, as it is, of course,
understood that thorough injection is casier as to the thinner portions of the cop than
as to the thicker.
Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings are as to the features in which my invention
resides slightly exaggerated for the purposes of clearer illustration, and in practice the
walls of the cop close in about the contracted portion of the tube to an extent, perhaps,
greater than that illustrated, but yet not to an extent sufficient to prevent the thorough
access of the liquid to the inner walls of the bore of the cop, as already explained.
I do not, of course, limit myself as to the extent of the drawing-in, narrowing, or
contraction of the tube diametrically considered, nor yet as to the longitudinal extent
to which said contraction is carried, as these proportions fall within the province of the
constructor; the contraction, however, is necessarily intermediate of the length of the
tube between its gauge flange and its upper or outer end, and beyond each vanishing
circumference of the contraction the tube extends a predetermined distance of its full
diameter or diameters, whether said tube be tapering, as is preferable, or cylindric as
is possible.
It is of course to be understood that the contraction referred to is not necessarily an
equal contraction or a contraction from both ends of the spindle, and that the tube
may be inerely contracted from its base or larger end, so that, instead of being formed
with a regular taper from base to apex, it is, about an inch from the gauge flange
abruptly contracted to its smallest diameter, and thence proceeds to its apex with its
regular taper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
1 claim is:-
As an article of manufacture, a hollow perforated tube, adapted to be introduced
within the hollow bore of a cop to be dyed, bleached, or otherwise treated, which,
intermediately of its length, is both diametrically and longitudinally to a predetermined
extent drawn in or contracted in diameter, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
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D
1000