IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOTHER OF PEARL AND OTHER HARD BUTTONS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Désiré Bezançon-Desmarest and Alexandre Alphonse
Chevallier, both of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
MOTHER OF PEARL AND OTHER HARD BUTTONS."
$
Sealed the 30th March 1880, and dated the 6th October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Désiré Bezançon-
Desmarest and Alexandre Alphonse Chevallier at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 6th October 1879.
#t
LOUIS DÉSIRÉ BEZANÇON-DESMAREST and ALEXANDRE ALPHONSE Chevallier,
both of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France. IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOTHER OF PEARL AND OTHER HARD
BUTTONS."
The features of novelty consist in the combination of a double lathe, the stone
for cutting the buttons being simple grind stone, but by preference metal, the
surface being grooved, channelled, or cut of the form it is required to impart to the
buttons, consequently each kind of button requires a pattern stone suitable to give
it the necessary conformation.
By the employment of this machinery buttons can be turned completely by a
single operation, and as it were in a selfacting apparatus, a single operative sufficing
to superinted a number of machines. The apparatus consists of a double lathe,
each one bearing on its shaft one a grind or cutting stone, the other a kind of
mandril intended to support to support the matter to be converted into buttons.
The complete manufacture of the button comprises, as before stated, two lathes.
Each shaft receives its special rotary motion. The right shaft bears the cutter,
and is actuated by a governing or transinitting belt; the left shaft bears the
mandril, and has a double movement besides its rotary motion produced by any
power; this shaft slides at will in its supports by means of a friction lever in a
horizontal plane, which allows the matter placed on the mandril or holder to
approach to or recede from the cutter.

page_text: The second lathe bears on one of its shafts (like the preceding description) the
cutter; it is fixed and pivots on its axis. The other shaft bears the mandril and
slides in the same manner as that described, acting automatically, causing the shaft
to advance vertically in proportion to the movements desired for forming the
button; a crank handle serves to impart to it a horizontal or longitudinal motion.
The apparatus producing the backward and forward movement is fixed on the
carriage, and consists of a frame with two cheeks, in which are adjusted two shafts
acting as guides to a traverse, advancing and receding by means of a screw set in
motion by a pulley.
A traverse acting as conductor to a lever, which in displacing itself advances or 1
withdraws the carriage.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Louis Désiré Bezançon-Desmarest and Alexandre Alphonse Chevallier
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April 1880.
LOUIS DÉSIRÉ BEZANÇON-DESMAREST and ALEXANDRE ALPHONSE CHEVALLIER,
both of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MOTHER OF PEARL AND OTHER HARD
BUTTONS."
This Invention relates to turning hard buttons with a shank, such as are termed
mushroom buttons, of a single piece.
The features of novelty consist in the combination of a bouble lathe, the stone for
cutting the buttons being simple grind stone, preference however being given to
metal; in either case the surfaces are grooved, channeled, or cut of the form it is
required to impart to the buttons, consequently cach kind of button requires a
pattern stone or wheel of metal suitable to give it the necessary conformation.
By the employment of this machinery buttons can be turned completely by a
single operation, and as it were in a selfacting apparatus, a single operative sufficing
to superintend a number of machines.
The accompanying Drawings, aided by the following description will suffice to
clearly demonstrate the principle.
The apparatus consists of a double lathe, each one bearing on its shaft, one a
stone, the other a kind of mandril intended to support the matter to be converted
into buttons.
The complete manufacture of the button comprises, as before stated, two lathes.
The first, shown Figs. 1 and 2, is an elevation and plan serving to prepare the
matter and reduce it.
The second, Figs. 3 and 4, completely forms the button in a single piece of
material, an important result that has not hitherto been effected.
In Figs. 1 and 2, or apparatus for reducing the material, each shaft receives its
special rotary motion.
The right shaft bears the stone H for cutting the matter, and is actuated by a
governing or transmitting belt.
The left bears the mandril, and has a double movement, as can be readily under-
stood on reference to the plan, besides the rotary motion produced by any power;
this shaft slides in the supports by means of a friction lever d' in a horizontal plane,
which allows the matter placed on the mandril d, or mother of pearl holder, to
approach to or recede from the stone for the purpose of cutting it by the action of
a lever. This stone is a simple grind stone.
Figs. 3 and 4 represent the apparatus in elevation and in plan for making the
button complete, and comprises a double lathe.
One of the shafts H bears the stone; it is fixed, and pivots on its axis like the
preceding one. The other bears the mandril, and slides in the same way as that
described, Figs. 1 and 2, and acts automatically, causing the shaft to advance
vertically in proportion to the novements desired for forming the button; a
crank fi serves to impart to it a horizontal or longitudinal motion after the material
has been placed on the mandril or holder d.
One of the characteristics of the Invention is the stone H being grooved, or in
relief for forming different shaped buttons, as already described.
The apparatus producing the backward and forward movement, seen Fig. 4, is a
plan, and is fixed on the carriage F, and consists of a frame with two cheeks a, a,
in which are adjusted two guide shafts acting as guides to a traverse T, advancing
and receding by means of a screw e¹ set in motion by a governing pulley. The
traverse T bears a pint acting as conductor to a lever e, which in displacing
itself advances or withdraws the carriage E.

page_text: It has been mentioned that by a simple grind stone cut as required for giving
the requisite form to the buttons they may be completely manufactured, and also
that this stone may be replaced by copper or other metal wheels, and to which we
give the preference, as they do not wear so quickly.
We claim the combination of two lathes as described, the cutting stones being
either simple grind stone, having the form it is desired to impart to the button cut
thereon, or by substituting therefor the grooved and otherwise cut metal wheels for
producing exactly similar results.
In witness whereof, we, the said Louis Désiré Bezançon Desmarest and
Alexandre Alphonse Chevallier, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty.
LOUIS DÉSIRÉ BEZANÇON DESMAREST. (L.S.)
ALEXANDRE ALPHONSE CHEVALLIER..
(LS.)