Year: 1886

page_text: This Specification was, upon the 16th day of June 1888, amended under
Sections 18 to 21 of the Patents, Designs, and Trade Marks Act, 1883.
declare the nature of my invention to be as follows :—
My said Invention has reference to improvements in or connected with spray lamps
in which the light is produced by a duplex burner consisting of an inner and outer
nozzle, the one nozzle supplying a regulated stream of mineral or other suitable oil or
tar, and the other a regulated stream of compressed air. The stream of air forces a
combined spray of the mixture out through the outer nozzle where it is ignited to
burn within an outer protecting combustion cup or short case or chimney. My
improvements will make such lamps more efficient for general lighting purposes, and
for signalling purposes by intermittent flash lights. My present invention comprises
the following improvements, namely:-First, an improved construction of service
supporting socket for the said spray burner of the lamp with duplex branches and
chambers for the better supplying of the burning liquid, and the compressed air
stream to their respective nozzles ; also other improved fittings and regulating valves
connected therewith. Second:-an improved construction of auxiliary oil vessel and
its fittings connected with the outer protecting flame combustion chamber of the
burner, for insuring the instantaneous and intermittent ignition of the spray flame at
any time, for flash signalling purposes. And Third-an improved construction of
vessel and its fittings for supplying the oil or other hydrocarbon liquid in a regulated
stream to the oil chamber of the said service socket of the lamp burner; all which
improvements will hereinafter be more fully explained.
The improved construction of the said service chambered supporting socket and arrange-
ment of its fittings, for the duplex nozzle burner of these spray lamps, consist of an upper
annular socket chamber, screwed at the upper or outer end for screwing the lower end of
the outer nozzle to, (and hereinafter termed the air chamber and nozzle), and having pro-
jecting up from a lower chamber, within the said annular chamber, an internal tube screwed
to receive the lower end of the internal nozzle, preferably with a setting and securing nut
for regulating the best acting distance between the outer and inner nozzle, which latter
and its lower chamber are hereinafter termed the oil nozzle and chambers; this being
preferable although the burner would act nearly as well by using the inner nozzle for

page_text: the air and the outer one for the oil or liquid. The lower oil chamber would have a
screwed cap on its lower end for easy access thereto for cleaning it out or its central
nozzle, or the inlet tube of its lateral feed and valve branch; which is formed or fitted
with an improved form or construction of four-ported and three-chambered oil feeding
chest or device. The branch leading the oil to this valve feeding chest or device
would be screwed for securing the screwed coupling or end of the tube from the oil
supply vessel of the lamp thereto; and it would have a valve port, leading into the
three seated valve chamber, with a small check spring valve over this inlet port always
open except when the check valve is pressed down by the finger, or by a lever mounted
over it, with a cord when desired to be closed by a person at a distance from the
lamp, for instantly checking off the oil and extinguishing the light for signalling by
flash lights. Other two lateral ports and valve seats and chambers with stuffing-box
branches are fitted with screw-spindle valves and hand wheels outside, opposite each
other, leading from the said supply three ported valve chamber, (and at right angles.
to the spring inlet and flash flame valve of same), the one screw valve regulating the
supply of oil direct to the branch of the lower oil chamber of the burner, while the
other screw valve is used for regulating the supply of oil to the auxiliary oil chamber,
(secured at the screw coupling parts of the outer or air nozzle with its air chamber),
through a swivelling, stuffing-box, swan-neck tube, fitted on a lateral branch of this
latter screw valve chamber, the swan-neck when turned up directing the oil, when the
valve is turned on, into the said upper oil vessel. A further fitting device for coupling
to the lateral inlet branch of the annular air chamber consists of a T knee branch,
having mounted on the upper branch an escape air pressure regulating or safety valve,
either loaded with a weight or spring, according as it works vertically or laterally;
and having a short tube screwed to the under branch projecting some distance down
in the centre of a larger inverted branch socket, having an inlet air branch and cock
or valve secured to it on one side, to which the air pressure supply or service pipe is
attached. While the lower end of the said socket is screwed for securing the upper
end of a close moisture collecting trap, tube, or vessel, with a drain tap or valve fitted
at its lower end for drawing off the moisture collected in this vessel from the air
which has to impinge on the inner tube and turn down and up the lower open end of
this within the trap to escape to the T-branch leading to the air vessel of the burner.
The pressure air thus freed of its moisture would be led in through the said supply
branch, preferably through an angular orifice up into the annular air chamber and
outer air nozzle and so get heated before reaching the oil and spray orifice of the two
nozzles. The lower part of this annular air chamber or the inner part of its supply
branch would be formed with a screw branch for securing a small air pipe to lead a
portion of the pressure and heated air to the oil supply vessel, to melt and force the
oil therefrom up the tube to the inlet branch of the improved oil service three valve
chamber before described. This pressure air pipe to produce the stream from the
supply oil vessel would not be required when the vessel was placed, high enough to
feed the oil to the lamp by its own gravitation, or equivalent means by the pressure of
a weight or spring.
The improved construction of the auxiliary oil vessel and its fittings consist in
fitting this of a bowl or semispherical shape, having an inner annular rim or disc ring
top all round with a large opening in the centre, which acts as a gallery, to carry a
metal conical combustion chimney by a flange round its outside resting on and closing
in the said top of the vessel, which has hand screws for securing the combustion
chimney concentric round the outer nozzle of the burner, and steadied by three or
more heat-conducting feathers either on the inside of the chimney or outside of the
burner, so as to heat the chimney and the oil within it, which flows through a narrow
space between its lower end and the bottom of this closed-in oil vessel, which is
supplied with the oil as desired through a hole in the top rim cover for the purpose
from the swan-neck tube, as before described, or it might be by hand from time to
time. This combustion chamber also projects some distance above its carrying flange
at the top of the vessel, where holes are pierced through it from the outside to admit
air into the spray flame passing up through it; this also heats the oil in it so hot as

page_text: pilot'
to keep a small flame burning around the lower part of the burner, (as a
light), to ignite the main spray light of the lamp at any time this is shut quite out
and set on again, as when using it as a flash light for signalling purposes. The lower
outer circumference of this combustion chimney and its flange would preferably be
covered with asbestos or other non-heat-conductor to prevent it overheating the oil in
the large outer part of the vessel; or otherwise, this part might be made in the form
of a close annular air heating chamber, and the pressure air led into it from the
service branch and tap and then led out down into the annular air chamber and outer
burner before described. When desired a small float arrangement may be fitted in
the auxiliary oil vessel to actuate the small regulating valve of the service or swan-
When this
neck tube, and so regulate the feed and level of the oil in this vessel.
lamp and light had to be set to burn horizontally, this auxiliary vessel would be formed
as a pocket at the lower side of the combustion flame chimney or cone, and be
otherwise modified to suit this, as by having it larger, below and contracted above at
the burner, and it might have fibrous material to contain the oil and conduct it up
from the lower part of the pocket to the narrow neck. Suitable flanges or arm
brackets would be formed on the supporting socket of the burner and its valve fittings
for securing the whole either vertically or horizontally as required.
The improvements connected with the oil, tar, or other equivalent supply vessel,
(when the pressure or heated air is used for forcing the oil from it to the burner),
consist all as follows; in forming the shell of the vessel of a cylindrical outer case,
with contracted flat ends, angled outwards and downwards with cupped flanges for
entering and strengthening the outer ends of the vessel where they are rivetted or
otherwise secured. This cupping of the ends strengthens these for the pressure of the
air within, and leaves a sunk angular recess all round the bottom as a trap for drawing
off any water that may collect below the oil by a screw plug from time to time as
required, and a screwed opening and plug cover would be fitted in a convenient part
of the top end of the vessel for filling in the oil by. The outer case would be formed
with a lateral rim or brackets or handles for supporting it by or removing it for
cleaning when required. The top end of this oil vessel would have screw sockets
formed on it for the simple connection of the screwed couplings or ends of the
discharge oil and forcing air tubes leading to and from the lamp respectively, as
hereinbefore stated. Each of these sockets has a short inner tube screwed fluid
pressure tight into it through a hole in the bottom end, and has an outer short tube
round the inner tube just the length of the distance between the two ends of the
vessel inside, so as to act as stays to strengthen these ends, when screw caps are
screwed on the lower ends of the inner short tubes left projecting outside the bottom
end of the vessel for the purpose of jointing all tight, and also for ease of unscrewing
when the vessel has to be cleaned a small screw plug being inserted in the outer
lower end of each securing cap for removing any sediment or water which may collect
at the bottom of the tubes, and cleaning the inlet and outlet orifices of the tubes with
a pricker when that is necessary. The air is admitted through small lateral holes
formed at the lower part of the inner and outer short tubes near the bottom end of
the vessel, so that the air rises to the top of the vessel and presses the oil out, as long
as there is any left, through corresponding small holes formed through the lower part
of the short tubes into the service oil tube leading to the regulating valve chest of the
lamp, so as to act all as hereinbefore described. When the oil or tar is frozen or too
thick to run freely through the tubes, the air would be heated sufficiently to liquefy
it, but when the air was not required either for forcing or heating the oil, then
the air tube and its connections between the oil vessel and the lamp would be
dispensed with.

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps for Lighting
and Signalling.
I, JAMES LYLE, of 29 Causeyside Street, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in
writing, reference being had to the accompanying sheet of Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon; that is to say:-
My said invention has reference to improvements in or connected with spray lamps
in which the light is produced by a duplex burner (as A, B,)-as shewn in Fig. 1
of the accompanying drawings-consisting of an inner nozzle A, and an outer one B,
the one nozzle (as A), supplying a regulated stream of mineral, or other suitable
hydrocarbon oil or tar, and the other (as B) a regulated stream of compressed air.
The stream of air forces a combined spray of the mixture out through the small orifice
in the point of the outer nozzle B, where it is ignited to burn within an outer
protecting combustion short case or chimney C, the spray flame reaching and burning
in a long bright jet far above the chimney. And which These improvements will
make such lamps more efficient for general lighting purposes, and for signalling
purposes, by intermittent flash lights, than such spray lamps have been as heretofore
constructed: My present invention comprises the following improvements namely:
First, an improved construction of service supporting socket piece or member D, E, for
the said spray burners A, B, of such lamps, and is formed with duplex chambers D, E,
and lateral branches D, E for the better supplying of the burning liquid, and the
compressed air stream to their respective nozzles, A and B respectively, also provided
with other improved fittings and regulating valves connected therewith. Second:-an
improved construction of auxiliary oil vessel I, I, and its fittings c, C, C1, C2, H,
connected with the outer projecting flame combustion chamber U, of the burner A B,
for insuring the instantaneous and intermittent igneition of the spray flame at any
time;, for flash signalling purposes. And Third, an improved construction of
vessel V, VI, V, and its fittings h, h, i, i¹,,,², for supplying the oil or other hydro-
carbon liquid in a regulated stream to the oil chamber D, of the said service
socket D, E, of the lamp burner A, B; all which improvements will hereinafter be
more fully explained and specified.
In order that the full nature and novelty of my said invention, and the mode and
means of putting the same into effect or practice may be properly understood I shall
now proceed to describe the several figures on the accompanying sheet of Drawings
which I have hereunto appended for that purpose the same reference letters and figures
indicating the same or like parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 is a
sectional elevation of an oil and air mixed spray lamp constructed in accordance with
or having the improvements of my invention applied thereto; and Figure 2 is a plan
of the same corresponding to Figure 1, with a part shown on one side in horizontal
section, on the line 1-
---1 in Figure 1 through the burner A, B, and its combustion
chamber and auxiliary oil flame ignition vessel I, I, to show the details of those

page_text: parts more clearly; while Figure 3 is a vertical section at right angles to and as taken
on the line 2 2 in Figure 1, through the valve chamber F, F, of the oil service
fittings or socket part D, F1, F2, and for supplying the oil by the swan-neck tube H.
to the flame ignition vessel II', from time to time as required. Figure 4 is a sectional
side elevation of a slightly modified construction of the said flame ignition oil
vessel I, 1. from that shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Referring particularly to Figures 1 and 2-The improved construction of the said
service chambered supporting socket D D', E E', and arrangement of its fittings, for
the duplex nozzle burner A, B, of these spray lamps, consist of an upper annular
socket chamber E, screwed inside at the upper or outer end B for securing to it the
lower stem end B³, of the outer nozzle B too, (and (hereinafter termed the air
chamber E, and nozzle B), and having projecting up from a lower chamber D, within
the said annular chamber E, an internal tube A'; screwed to receive the lower end of
the internal oil nozzle A, preferably with a setting and securing screw nut at this joint.
for regulating the best acting distance between the jet points of the inner and outer
nozzles A, B, the former of which A and its lower chamber D), are hereinafter termed
the oil nozzle A and chamber D; this arrangement being preferable, although the
burner would act nearly as well by using the inner nozzle A, for the air, and the outer
one B, for the oil or liquid. The lower oil chamber D, has a screwed cap D², on its
lower end for easy access thereto, for cleaning it or its central nozzle A, or the inlet
tube d, of its lateral feed and valve branch D¹. This branch D' is formed, or fitted
with an improved construction of four-ported and three-chambered oil feeding and
regulating valve chest-F, shown in section Figure 3. The branch D³, leading the oil
to this valve feeding chest device F, is screwed for securing the ground screwed
coupling on the upper end of the tube", leading the oil thereto from the oil supply
vessel of the lamp. A port d', leads the oil from the branch D³ into the three
seated valve chamber F, and is fitted with a small top or check spring valve d², over
this inlet port d', leading by the branch d, to the lamp, and always kept open by its
spring except when the check valve d² is pressed down by the finger, (or it might he
by a lever mounted over it, and a cord when desired to be closed by a person at a
distance from the lainp) for instantly checking off the oil and extinguishing the light
for signalling by flash lights. Other two lateral ports and valve seats and chambers
with stuffing-box branches F and F are fitted with screw spindle valves and hand
wheels outside, opposite each other, leading from the branch of said supply three
ported valve chamber F2, (and at right angles above the seat of the spring inlet and
Hash flame valve of same) the one screw valve F, regulating the supply of oil
direct to the branch D, d, of the lower oil chamber D of the burner A. The other
screw valve is used for regulating the supply of oil to the auxiliary oil chamber
led through the swivelling stuffing-box of a swan-neck tube H, fitted on a lateral
branch of this latter screw valve chamber F2 and shown in Figure 3 A; the swan-
neck of tube when turned up directing the oil into the said upper oil vessel II', when
this oil valve F2 is turned on. The oil flame igniting chamber (, C, is secured by
the screw coupling parts B1, B2, of the stem of the outer or air nozzle B, with the
upper screw socket of its air chamber E.
A further improved device and valve fitting for coupling to the lateral inlet air
branch of the annular air chamber E, consists of a T knee branch G, GI, E²,
having mounted on its upper branch G, an escape air pressure regulating or safety
valve G, either loaded with a weight or spring, according as it works vertically or
laterally. A small short tube g, is screwed to the under branch G', projecting some
distance down within the centre of a larger inverted screw socket and inlet branch
tube G³, having an inlet air branch g and cock or valve g³, secured to it on one
side to the coupling branch g³ of which the air pressure service hose or pipe would
be attached. The lower end of the said socket branch G³ is screwed for securing the
upper end of a close moisture collecting trap tube or vessel G₁ to, having a drain tap
or valve gt, fitted at its lower end for drawing off the moisture collected in this vessel
from the entering air which has to impinge on the enclosed surfaces of the inner and

page_text: outer tubes, G3, G4, and turn down and up through the lower open end of the tube y,
within the trap G³, G', to escape through the T-branches G', E, and E, leading to
the air vessel E, of the burner, all as indicated by the darts in Figure 1. The pressure
air thus freed of its moisture would be led in through the said supply branch E2, and E',
preferably through an angular orifice e, up into the annular air channel of the
chamber E, and the outer air nozzle B, and so get considerably heated before reaching
the oil and spray orifice at the point a,, of the two nozzles A, B. The lower part
of this annular air chamber E, or the inner part of its supply branch E', would be
formed with a ground screw coupling branch 3 for securing a small air pipe e' to
lead a portion of the pressure and heated air to the oil supply vessel V, to melt and
force the oil therefrom up the tube, to the inlet branch D', d, of the improved oil
service three valve chamber F, F, before described. This pressure air pipo would
not be required to produce the stream from the supply oil vessel when this vessel is
placed high enough to feed the oil to the lamp by its own gravitation, or by equivalent
means, as by the pressure of a weight or spring acting on a piston within the vessel
on the surface of the oil.
of
The improved construction of the auxiliary oil vessel I, 1', and its fittings c, C, C. II
for maintaining a pilot light around the burner A, B, within its combustion chamber C,
consists in fitting forming this of a bowl or semipherical shape, of sheet metal, securely
jointed at its lower central part as before stated to lower coupling part of the outer
burner B, and is formed with a broad annular or disc like rim projecting inwards
all round the top; and having a large circular opening in the centre, so as to admit
and act as a gallery, for carrying the metal conical combustion chimney C, by a
Hange (formed round it outside which closes in and rests on the said top rim
the vessel I, provided with two or more hand screws 12 for securing the chimney. C,
concentric round the outer nozzle B, of the burner A, B, and steadied thereon by
three or more heat-conducting feathers c, either formed on the outside of the burner B,
or inside of the chimney C; so as to heat the oil within the chimney. The oil flows
from the closed in body of the vessel I into the chimney C, through a narrow space
at c', between its lower end and the bottom of the vessel, which is supplyed with the
oil through a hole for the purpose in the top rim cover I by the swan-neck tube H
and valve branch F, as before described, or it might be by hand from time to time
when preferred. This combustion chamber C also projects some distance above its
carrying flange C, above the gallery 1 of the vessel I, where small holes are pierced
through it at c² to admit air from the outside in to the spray flame passing up through
the centre of the chimney C, thus heating the air as it passes in to assist combustion.
The inner surface of the lower part of the chimney C, as also the feathers c, so heat
the oil within it as to keep a small flame burning all round the lower part of the
burner A B, (as a "pilot" light), to ignite the main spray light of the lamp at any
time this is shut quite out and set on again, as when using it as a flash light for
signalling purposes, as herein before described by operating the valve d. The lower
outer circumference of the chimney C and its flange C², would preferably be covered
with asbestos C, or other non-heat-conductor, to prevent it overheating the oil in the
large outer closed in part of the supply vessel I; or otherwise the chimney C, might
be made in the form of a close annular air heating chamber, and have the pressure air
or a portion of it led into and through this chamber from the service branch and tap
and then out down into the branch of annular air chamber E and space within the
outer burner B.
Instead of using asbestos or fibrous non-heating covering substance C' on the outer
circumference of the flame combustion chamber C as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and
described for heating the oil within it, and keeping the supply oil cool in the chamber 1;
1 prefer, as shown in the modified arrangement of these parts illustrated in Figure 4,
to form the lower part of the chamber Cwith a deep annular recess C³ close below but
quite open above, between the chamber C proper and its outer wall next the oil in the
vessel I and supporting ring C securing the whole to the gallery 1', the air in this
recess C forms a better uon-conductor than the annular luir layer of fibrous material

page_text: shown in and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2. When desired a small float
arrangement may be fitted within the auxiliary oil vessel I to actuate a small
regulating valve equivalent to the one on the branch of the service swan-neck
tube H, and so regulate the feed and level of the oil in this vessel automatically instead
of from time to time by hand as herein before described. When the burirer of this
lamp had to be set to burn with the light horizontally or at an angle, the auxiliary.
vessel I, would then be formed as a pocket chamber at the lower side of the wide part
of the flame chimney C, and be otherwise modified to suit this, as by having it larger
below to hold sufficient oil and contracted above at the burner where the pilot light
was, and in either case it might have fibrous material to contain the oil and conduct
it up from the lower part of the pocket to the narrow neck. Suitable flanges or arm
brackets may be formed on the supporting socket D, E, of the burner and its valve
fittings FF For E G G¹, for securing or staying the whole either vertically or
horizontally as required.
from
The improvements connected with, the oil, tar, or other equivalent liquid hydro-
carbon supply vessel V, (when the pressure air, whether heated or not, is used for
forcing the oil from it to the burner), consist all as follows; in forming the shell of
the vessel V, of a cylindrical outer case, with contracted Aat domed ends flat near the
centre where the pipes are fitted de sed-or-angled, ontwards-and-downwards; with
cupped flanges at V2 for entering and strengthening the outer ends of case of the
vessel where they are rivetted, or otherwise secured. This cupping and flanging of
the ends V1, V2, of the vessel, strengthens them also for resisting the pressure of the
air within, and leaves a sunk angular recess at V3, all round the bottoin as a trap for
drawing off any water that may collect below the oil by a screw valve plug v,
time to time as required; and a screwed opening flanged cap v', and plug ² would
be fitted in a convenient side part of the top end of the vessel V, for filling in the
oil by. The outer case of the vessel would be formed with lateral side handles, rim
flanges or brackets at ³, or brackets or handles for removing, and supporting the
whole in a portable manner by as required. The top end of this oil vessel V would
have internal screwed coupling sockets, fitted and jointed to it outside for a simple
means of connecting or jointing the screwed lower ends of the discharge oil and
forcing air tubes and e¹ leading to and from the lamp respectively, as hereinbefore
stated. Each of these sockets h, has a short inner tube f, and 2, screwed fluid
pressure tight into it, and passed through holes in the top and bottom ends of the
vessel. Each tube" and e² has an outer short tube i, round it within the vessel V
and just the length of the distance between the two ends V, VI, so as to act as stays
to strengthen these ends, when screw caps are screwed on the lower ends of the
inner short tubes e, f, left projecting outside the bottom end V₁ of the vessel for the
purpose of jointing all tight, and also for ease of unscrewing these pipe fittings when
the vessel V, has to be cleaned. A small screw plug is inserted in the centre lower
end of each securing cap for removing any sediment or water which may collect at
the bottom of the tubes e², and for cleaning the inlet and outlet orifices formed
at the bottom of these tubes with a picker when that is necessary. The pressure air
from the pipe e, is admitted to the vessel V through a small lateral inlet spring
valve fitted through the top part of the inner and outer short tubes e² and i and
through small holes formed at the lower part of these tubes near the bottom end of
the vessel V. The air thus passed in either above or below and up through the oil
acts on the top surface of the oil, to press it out, through corresponding small holes ¿¹,
formed through the lower part of the short tubes and i into and up the service oil
tube /, leading to the regulating valve chest F, F1, F2, and chamber D, of the lamp
(as long as there is oil left in the vessel) and so act all as hereinbefore described.
When the oil, tar or other liquid used in the vessel is frozen or too thick to run
freely through the tubes and valves, the air would be heated sufficiently to liquify it;
but when the air was not required either for forcing or heating the oil, then the air
tube e', and its connections E, E, between the oil vessel V and the lamp would be
dispensed with.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The general construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts of
duplex nozzle oil and air spray lamps for lighting and signalling purposes, having
the improved.supporting socket service chambers and valve fittings for controlling the
admission of oil, and air, and the auxiliary or pilot light oil vessel and fittings, and
the oil supply cistern, all substantially in the manner and for the purposes of lighting
and signalling herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Second. In an oil and air spray lamp, the construction and use of a supporting
socket service-chamber, and valve fittings, for controlling the admission of oil und uir,
for the purposes of lighting and signalling, substantially as herein-described, in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third Second. In an oil and air spray lamp, the fitting of an instantaneous shutting
and opening oil valve, in the service valve chamber, for flash signalling purposes,
substantially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourth. In an oil and air spray lamp, the fitting of a supporting socket nir service
pipe-and-chamber with un-inverted-tube and trap for removing the moisture from the
nir-supplied, and with regulating pressure-valve, all-substantially as herein described
in reference to and shown in the necompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In an-oil-and air spray lamp, the-fitting of in combination with an auxiliary
or pilot light oil vessel and flame combustion chamber with oil supply fittings all
substantially as and for the purposes and advantages herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth Third. The improved construction of an oil supply cistern, and its oil and air
tube fittings, for oil and air spray lamps, all substantially as and for the purposes and
advantages herein described in reference io and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
T
139

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1886.
Complete Left. 12th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 22nd Mar., 1887.
Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps for Lighting
and Signalling.
I, JAMES LYLE, of 29 Causeyside Street, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
My said Invention has reference to improvements in or connected with spray lamps
in which the light is produced by a duplex burner consisting of an inner and outer
nozzle, the one nozzle supplying a regulated stream of mineral or other suitable oil or
tar, and the other a regulated stream of compressed air. The stream of air forces a
combined spray of the mixture out through the outer nozzle where it is ignited to
burn within an outer protecting combustion cup or short case or chimney. My
improvements will make such lamps more efficient for general lighting purposes, and
for signalling purposes by intermittent flash lights. My present invention comprises
the following improvements, namely:-First, an improved construction of service
supporting socket for the said spray burner of the lamp with duplex branches and
chambers for the better supplying of the burning liquid, and the compressed air
stream to their respective nozzles; also other improved fittings and regulating valves
connected therewith. Second-an improved construction of auxiliary oil vessel and
its fittings connected with the outer protecting flame combustion chamber of the
burner, for insuring the instantaneous and intermittent ignition of the spray flame at
any time, for flash signalling purposes. And Third:-an improved construction of
vessel and its fittings for supplying the oil or other hydrocarbon liquid in a regulated
stream to the oil chamber of the said service socket of the lamp burner; all which
improvements will hereinafter be more fully explained.
The improved construction of the said service chambered supporting socket and arrange-
ment of its fittings, for the duplex nozzle burner of these spray lamps, consist of an upper
annular socket chamber, screwed at the upper or outer end for screwing the lower end of
the outer nozzle to, (and hereinafter termed the air chamber and nozzle), and having pro-
jecting up from a lower chamber, within the said annular chamber, an internal tube screwed
to receive the lower end of the internal nozzle, preferably with a setting and securing nut
for regulating the best acting distance between the outer and inner nozzle, which latter
and its lower chamber are hereinafter termed the oil nozzle and chambers; this being
preferable although the burner would act nearly 'as well by using the inner nozzle for

page_text: the air and the outer one for the oil or liquid. The lower oil chamber would have a
screwed cap on its lower end for easy access thereto for cleaning it out. or its central
nozzle, or the inlet tube of its lateral feed and valve branch; which is formed or fitted
with an improved form or construction of four-ported and three-chambered oil feeding
chest or device. The branch leading the oil to this valve feeding chest or device
would be screwed for securing the screwed coupling or end of the tube from the oil
supply vessel of the lamp thereto; and it would have a valve port, leading into the
three seated valve chamber, with a small check spring valve over this inlet port always
open except when the check valve is pressed down by the finger, or by a lever mounted
over it, with a cord when desired to be closed by a person at a distance from the
lamp, for instantly checking off the oil and extinguishing the light for signalling by
flash lights. Other two lateral ports and valve seats and chambers with stuffing-box
branches are fitted with screw-spindle valves and hand wheels outside, opposite each
other, leading from the said supply three ported valve chamber, (and at right angles
to the spring inlet and flash flame valve of same), the one screw valve regulating the
supply of oil direct to the branch of the lower oil chamber of the burner, while the
other screw valve is used for regulating the supply of oil to the auxiliary oil chamber,
(secured at the screw coupling parts of the outer or air nozzle with its air chamber),
through a swivelling, stuffing-box, swan-neck tube, fitted on a lateral branch of this
latter screw valve chamber, the swan-neck when turned up directing the oil, when the
valve is turned on, into the said upper oil vessel. A further fitting device for coupling
to the lateral inlet branch of the annular air chamber consists of a T knee branch,
having mounted on the upper branch an escape air pressure regulating or safety valve,
either loaded with a weight or spring, according as it works vertically or laterally:
and having a short tube screwed to the under branch projecting some distance down
in the centre of a larger inverted branch socket, having an inlet air branch and cock
or valve secured to it on one side, to which the air pressure supply or service pipe is
attached. While the lower end of the said socket is screwed for securing the upper
end of a close moisture collecting trap, tube, or vessel, with a drain tap or valve fitted
at its lower end for drawing off the moisture collected in this vessel from the air
which has to impinge on the inner tube and turn down and up the lower open end of
this within the trap to escape to the T-branch leading to the air vessel of the burner.
The pressure air thus freed of its moisture would be led in through the said supply
branch, preferably through an angular orifice up into the annular air chamber and
outer air nozzle and so get heated before reaching the oil and spray orifice of the two
nozzles. The lower part of this annular air chamber or the inner part of its supply
branch would be formed with a serew branch for securing a small air pipe to lead a
portion of the pressure and heated air to the oil supply vessel, to melt and force the
oil therefrom up the tube to the inlet branch of the improved oil service three valve
chamber before described. This pressure air pipe to produce the stream from the
supply oil vessel would not be required when the vessel was placed high enough to
feed the oil to the lamp by its own gravitation, or equivalent means by the pressure of
a weight or spring.
The improved construction of the auxiliary oil vessel and its fittings consist in
fitting this of a bowl or semispherical shape, having an inner annular rim or disc ring
top all round with a large opening in the centre, which acts as a gallery, to carry a
metal conical combustion chimney by a flange round its outside resting on and closing
in the said top of the vessel, which has hand screws for securing the combustion
chimney concentric round the outer nozzle of the burner, and steadied by three or
more heat-conducting feathers either on the inside of the chimney or outside of the
burner, so as to heat the chimney and the oil within it, which flows through a narrow
space between its lower end and the bottom of this closed-in oil vessel, which is
supplied with the oil as desired through a hole in the top rim cover for the purpose
from the swan-neck tube, as before described, or it might be by hand from time to
time. This combustion chamber also projects some distance above its carrying flange
at the top of the vessel, where holes are pierced through it from the outside to admit
air in to the spray flame passing up through it; this also heats the oil in it so hot as

page_text: to keep a small flame burning around the lower part of the burner, (as a #: pilot"
light), to ignite the main spray light of the lamp at any time this is shut quite out
and set on again, as when using it as a flash light for signalling purposes. The lower
outer circumference of this combustion chimney and its flange would preferably be
covered with asbestos or other non-heat-conductor to prevent it overheating the oil in
the large outer part of the vessel; or otherwise, this part might be made in the form
of a close annular air heating chamber, and the pressure air led into it from the
service branch and tap and then led out down into the annular air chamber and outer
burner before described. When desired a small float arrangement may be fitted in
the auxiliary oil vessel to actuate the small regulating valve of the service or swan-
neck tube, and so regulate the feed and level of the oil in this vessel. When this
lamp and light had to be set to burn horizontally, this auxiliary vessel would be formed
as a pocket at the lower side of the combustion flame chimney or cone, and be
otherwise modified to suit this, as by having it larger below and contracted above at
the burner, and it might have fibrous material to contain the oil and conduct it up
from the lower part of the pocket to the narrow neck. Suitable flanges or arm
brackets would be formed on the supporting socket of the burner and its valve fittings
for securing the whole either vertically or horizontally as required.
The improvements connected with the oil, tar, or other equivalent supply vessel,
(when the pressure or heated air is used for forcing the oil from it to the burner),
consist all as follows; in forming the shell of the vessel of a cylindrical outer case,
with contracted flat ends, angled outwards and downwards with cupped flanges for
entering and strengthening the outer ends of the vessel where they are rivetted or
otherwise secured. This cupping of the ends strengthens these for the pressure of the
air within, and leaves a sunk angular recess all round the bottom as a trap for drawing
off any water that may collect below the oil by a screw plug from time to time aš
required, and a screwed opening and plug cover would be fitted in a convenient part
of the top end of the vessel for filling in the oil by. The outer case would be formed
with a lateral rim or brackets or handles for supporting it by or removing it for
cleaning when required. The top end of this oil vessel would have screw sockets
formed on it for the simple connection of the screwed couplings or ends of the
discharge oil and forcing air tubes leading to and from the lamp respectively, as
hereinbefore stated. Each of these sockets has a short inner tube screwed fluid
pressure tight into it through a hole in the bottom end, and has an outer short tube
round the inner tube just the length of the distance between the two ends of the
vessel inside, so as to act as stays to strengthen these ends, when screw caps are
screwed on the lower ends of the inner short tubes left projecting outside the bottom
end of the vessel for the purpose of jointing all tight, and also for ease of unscrewing
when the vessel has to be cleaned; a small screw plug being inserted in the outer
lower end of each securing cap for removing any sediment or water which may collect
at the bottom of the tubes, and cleaning the inlet and outlet orifices of the tubes with
pricker when that is necessary. The air is admitted through small lateral holes
formed at the lower part of the inner and outer short tubes near the bottom end of
the vessel, so that the air rises to the top of the vessel and presses the oil out, as long
is there is any left, through corresponding small holes formed through the lower part
of the short tubes into the service oil tube leading to the regulating valve chest of the
amp, so as to act all as hereinbefore described. When the oil or tar is frozen or too
hick to run freely through the tubes, the air would be heated sufficiently to liquefy
t, but when the air was not required either for forcing or heating the oil, then
he air tube and its connections between the oil vessel and the lamp would be
lispensed with.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Spray Lamps for Lighting
and Signalling.
I, JAMES LYLE, of 29 Causeyside Street, Paisley, Renfrewshire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in
writing, reference being had to the accompanying sheet of Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon; that is to say :-
My said invention has reference to improvements in or connected with spray lamps
in which the light is produced by a duplex burner (as A, B,), consisting of an inner
nozzle A, and an outer one B, the one nozzle (as A), supplying a regulated stream
of mineral, or other suitable hydrocarbon oil or tar, and the other (as B) a regulated
stream of compressed air. The stream of air forces a combined spray of the mixture
out through the small orifice in the point of the outer nozzle B, where it is ignited to burn
within an outer protecting combustion short case or chimney C, the spray flame reaching
and burning in a long bright jet far above the chimney. And which improvements will
make such lamps more efficient for general lighting purposes, and for signalling purposes,
by intermittent flash lights, than such spray lamps have been as heretofore constructed.
My present invention comprises the following improvements namely:-First, an
improved construction of service supporting socket piece or member D, E, for the
said spray burners A, B, of such lamps, and is formed with duplex chambers D, E,
and lateral branches D, E for the better supplying of the burning liquid, and the
compressed air stream to their respective nozzles, A and B respectively, also provided
with other improved fittings and regulating valves connected therewith. Second-an
improved construction of auxiliary oil vessel I, I, and its fittings c, C, C, C², H,
connected with the outer projecting flame combustion chamber C, of the burner A B,
for insuring the instantaneous and intermittent ignation of the spray flame at any
time, for Hash signalling purposes. And Third, an improved construction of
vessel V, V, V, and its fittings h, h, i, i, i², 12, e², for supplying the oil or other hydro-
carbon liquid in a regulated stream to the oil chamber D, of the said service
socket D, E, of the lamp burner A, B; all which improvements will hereinafter be
more fully explained and specified.
In order that the full nature and novelty of my said invention, and the mode and
means of putting the same into effect or practice may be properly understood I shall
now proceed to describe the several figures on the accompanying sheet of Drawings
which I have hereunto appended for that purpose the same reference letters and figures
indicating the same or like parts in all the figures where shown. Figure 1 is a
sectional elevation of an oil and air mixed spray lamp constructed in accordance with
or having the improvements of my invention applied thereto; and Figure 2 is a plan
of the same corresponding to Figure 1, with a part shown on one side in horizontal
section, on the line 1 --1 in Figure 1 through the burner A, B, and its combustion
chamber and auxiliary oil flame ignition vessel I, I', to show the details of those

page_text: parts more clearly; while Figure 3 is a vertical section at right angles to and as taken
on the line 2
2 in Figure 1, through the valve chamber F, F, of the oil service
fittings or socket part D, F, F, and for supplying the oil by the swan-neck tube H,
to the flame ignition vessel II', from time to time as required. Figure 4 is a sectional
side elevation of a slightly modified construction of the said flame ignition oil
vessel I, I, from that shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Referring particularly to Figures 1 and 2 :-The improved construction of the said
service chambered supporting socket D D', E E', and arrangement of its fittings, for
the duplex nozzle burner A, B, of these spray lamps, consist of an upper annular
socket chamber E, screwed inside at the upper or outer end B' for securing the lower
stem end B², of the outer nozzle B too, (and hereinafter termed the air chamber E,
and nozzle B), and having projecting up from a lower chamber D, within the said
annular chamber E, an internal tube A', screwed to receive the lower end of the
internal oil nozzle A, preferably with a setting and securing screw nut at this joint for
regulating the best acting distance between the jet points of the inner and outer
nozzles A, B, the former of which A and its lower chamber D, are hereinafter termed
the oil nozzle A and chamber D; this arrangement being preferable, although the
burner would act nearly as well by using the inner nozzle A, for the air, and the outer
one B, for the oil or liquid. The lower oil chamber D, has a screwed cap D², on its
lower end for easy access thereto, for cleaning it or its central nozzle A, or the inlet
tube d, of its lateral feed and valve branch Dr. This branch D is formed, or fitted
with an improved construction of four-ported and three-chambered oil feeding and
regulating valve chest F, shown in section Figure 3. The branch D³, leading the oil
to this valve feeding chest device F, is screwed for securing the ground screwed
coupling on the upper end of the tube, leading the oil thereto from the oil supply
vessel V of the lamp. A port d', leads the oil from the branch D³ into the three
seated valve chamber F, and is fitted with a small top or check spring valve d², over
this inlet port d', leading by the branch d, to the lamp, and always kept open by its
spring except when the check valve d² is pressed down by the finger, (or it might be
by a lever mounted over it, and a cord when desired to be closed by a person at a
distance from the lamp) for instantly checking off the oil and extinguishing the light
for signalling by flash lights. Other two lateral ports and valve seats and chambers
with stuffing-box branches F and F are fitted with screw spindle valves and hand
wheels outside, opposite each other, leading from the branch d² of said supply three
ported valve chamber F, (and at right angles above the seat of the spring inlet and
Hash flame valve d² of same) the one screw valve F, regulating the supply of oil
direct to the branch D¹, d, of the lower oil chamber D of the burner A. The other
screw valve is used for regulating the supply of oil to the auxiliary oil chamber
led through the swivelling stuffing-box of a swan-neck tube H, fitted on a lateral
branch of this latter screw valve chamber and shown in Figure 3 A; the swan-
neck of tube when turned up directing the oil into the said upper oil vessel II', when
this oil valve is turned on. The oil flame igniting chamber C, C³, is secured by
the screw coupling parts B1, B2, of the stem of the outer or air nozzle B, with the
upper screw socket of its air chamber E.
A further improved device and valve fitting for coupling to the lateral inlet air
branch of the annular air chamber E, consists of a T knee branch G, G³, E²,
having mounted on its upper branch G, an escape air pressure regulating or safety
valve G2, either loaded with a weight or spring, according as it works vertically or
laterally. A small short tube g, is screwed to the under branch G¹, projecting some
distance down within the centre of a larger inverted screw socket and inlet branch
tube G³, having an inlet air branch gl and cock or valve g², secured to it on one
side; to the coupling branch g³ of which the air pressure service hose or pipe would
be attached. The lower end of the said socket branch G³ is screwed for securing the
upper end of a close moisture collecting trap tube or vessel G to, having a drain tap
or valve g, fitted at its lower end for drawing off the moisture collected in this vessel
from the entering air which has to impinge on the enclosed surfaces of the inner and

page_text: outer tubes I G3, G4, and turn down and up through the lower open end of the tube g,
within the trap G3, G4, to escape through the T-branches G, E², and E', leading to
the air vessel E, of the burner, all as indicated by the darts in Figure 1. The pressure
air thus freed of its moisture would be led in through the said supply branch E², and E',
preferably through an angular orifice e, up into the annular air channel of the
chamber E, and the outer air nozzle B, and so get considerably heated before reaching
the oil and spray orifice at the point a, b, of the two nozzles A, B. The lower part
of this annular air chamber E, or the inner part of its supply branch E', would be
formed with a ground screw coupling branch E³ for securing a small air pipe e' to
lead a portion of the pressure and heated air to the oil supply vessel V, to inelt and
force the oil therefrom up the tube f¹, to the inlet branch D, d, of the improved oil
service three valve chamber F, F', hefore described. This pressure air pipe would
not be required to produce the stream from the supply oil vessel when this vessel is
placed high enough to feed the oil to the lamp by its own gravitation, or by equivalent
means, as by the pressure of a weight or spring acting on a piston within the vessel
on the surface of the oil.
The improved construction of the auxiliary oil vessel I, I, and its fittings c, C, C, II',
for maintaining a pilot light around the burner A, B, within its combustion chamber C,
consists in fitting this of a bowl or semipherical shape, of sheet metal, securely jointed
at its lower central part as before stated to lower coupling part of the outer burner B,
and is formed with a broad annular or disc like rim I projecting inwards all round
the top and having a large circular opening in the centre, so as to admit and act as
a gallery, for carrying the metal conical combustion chimney C, by a flange C formed
round it outside which closes in and rests on the said top rim I¹ of the vessel I, pro-
vided with two or more hand screws 12 for securing the chimney C, concentric round
the outer nozzle B, of the burner A, B, and steadied thereon by three or more heat-
conducting feathers c, either formed on the outside of the burner B, or inside of the
chimney so as to heat the oil within the chimney. The oil flows from the closed
in body of the vessel I into the chimney C, through a narrow space at e, between its
lower end and the bottom of the vessel, which is supplyed with the oil through a hole
for the purpose in the top rim cover I' by the swan-neck tube H and valve branch F2,
as before described, or it might be by hand from time to time when preferred. This
combustion chamber C also projects some distance above its carrying flange C, above
the gallery of the vessel I, where small holes are pierced through it at c² to admit
air from the outside in to the spray flame passing up through the centre of the
chimney C, thus heating the air as it passes in to assist combustion. The inner
surface of the lower part of the chimney C, as also the feathers c, so heat the oil
within it as to keep a small flame burning all round the lower part of the burner A B,
(as a "pilot" light), to ignite the main spray light of the lamp at any time this is
shut quite out and set on again, as when using it as a flash light for signalling
purposes, as herein before described by the valve . The lower outer circumference
of the chimney Cand its flange (, would preferably be covered with asbestos C, or
other non-heat-conductor, to prevent it overheating the oil in the large outer closed
in part of the supply vessel I; or otherwise the chimney C, might be made in the
form of a close annular air heating chamber, and have the pressure air or a
portion of
it led into and through this chamber from the service branch and tap and then out
down into the branch E of annular air chamber E and space within the outer
burner B.
Instead of using asbestos or fibrous non-heating covering substance (on the outer
circumference of the flame combustion chamber as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and
described for heating the oil within it, and keeping the supply oil cool in the chamber I,
I prefer, as shown in the modified arrangement of these parts illustrated in Figure 4,
to form the lower part of the chamber Cwith a deep annular recess C close below but
quite open above, between the chamber C proper and its outer wall next the oil in the
vessel I and supporting ring C2 securing the whole to the gallery I', the air in this
recess C forms a better non-conductor than the annular lair of fibrous material shown

page_text: in and described in reference to Figures 1 and 2. When desired a small float arrange-
ment may be fitted within the auxiliary oil vessel I to actuate a small regulating valve
equivalent to the one on the branch F of the service swan-neck tube H, and so regu-
late the feed and level of the oil in this vessel automatically instead of from time to
time by hand as herein before described. When the burner of this lamp had to be set
to burn with the light horizontally or at an angle, the auxiliary vessel I, would then
he formed as a pocket chamber at the lower side of the wide part of the flame
chimney C, and be otherwise modified to suit this, as by having it larger below to
hold sufficient oil and contracted above at the burner where the pilot light was, and
in either case it might have fibrous material to contain the oil and conduct it up from
the lower part of the pocket to the narrow neck. Suitable flanges or arm brackets
may be formed
on the supporting socket D, E, of the burner and its valve
fittings F F F or E² G G¹, for securing or staying the whole either vertically or
horizontally as required.
The improvements connected with, the oil, tar, or other equivalent liquid hydro-
carbon supply vessel V, (when the pressure air, whether heated or not, is used for
forcing the oil from it to the burner), consist all as follows; in forming the shell of
the vessel V, of a cylindrical outer case, with contracted flat ends near the centre V¹
where the pipes are fitted domed or angled, outwards and downwards, with cupped
flanges at V2 for entering and strengthening the outer ends of case of the vessel V
where they are rivetted, or otherwise secured. This cupping and flanging of the
ends V, V, of the vessel, strengthens them also for resisting the pressure of the air
within, and leaves a sunk angular recess at V3, all round the bottom as a trap for
drawing off any water that may collect below the oil by a screw valve plug v, from
time to time as required; and a screwed opening flanged cap, and plug would
be fitted in a convenient side part of the top end of the vessel V, for filling in the
oil by. The outer case of the vessel would be formed with lateral side handles, rim
flanges or brackets at 3, or brackets or handles for removing, and supporting the
whole in a portable manner by as required. The top end of this oil vessel V would
have internal screwed coupling sockets h, fitted and jointed to it outside for a simple
means of connecting or jointing the screwed lower ends of the discharge oil and
forcing air tubes and e¹ leading to and from the lamp respectively, as herein before
stated. Each of these sockets h, has a short inner tube 2, and e², screwed fluid
pressure tight into it, and passed through holes in the top and bottom ends of the
vessel. Each tube and has an outer short tube i, round it within the vessel V
and just the length of the distance between the two ends V, VI, so as to act as stays
to strengthen these ends, when screw caps are screwed on the lower ends of the
inner short tubes e, /, left projecting outside the bottom end V₁ of the vessel for the
purpose of jointing all tight, and also for ease of unscrewing these pipe fittings when
the vessel V, has to be cleaned. A small screw plug is inserted in the centre lower
end of each securing cap for removing any sediment or water which may collect at
the bottom of the tubes e, and for cleaning the inlet and outlet orifices formed
at the bottom of these tubes with a picker when that is necessary. The pressure air
from the pipe e, is admitted to the vessel V through a small lateral inlet spring
valve fitted through the top part of the inner and outer short tubes e² and i and
through small holes formed at the lower part of these tubes near the bottom end of
the vessel V. The air thus passed in either above or below and up through the oil
acts on the top surface of the oil, to press it out, through corresponding small holes i¹,
formed through the lower part of the short tubes and i into and up the service oil
tube", leading to the regulating valve chest F, F, F, and chamber D, of the lamp
(as long as there is oil left in the vessel) and so act all as hereinbefore described.
When the oil, tar or other liquid used in the vessel is frozen or too thick to run
freely through the tubes and valves, the air would be heated sufficiently to liquefy it;
but when the air was not required either for forcing or heating the oil, then the air
tube e, and its connections E, E, between the oil vessel V and the lamp would be
dispensed with.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
First. The general construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts of
duplex nozzle oil and air spray lamps for lighting and signalling purposes, having
the improved supporting socket service chambers and valve fittings for controlling the
admission of oil, and air, and the auxiliary or pilot light oil vessel and fittings, and
the oil supply cistern, all substantially in the manner and for the purposes of lighting
and signalling herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Second. In an oil and air spray lamp, the construction and use of a supporting
socket service chamber, and valve fittings, for controlling the admission of oil and air,
for the purposes of lighting and signalling, substantially as herein described, in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In an oil and air spray lamp, the fitting of an instantaneous shutting and
opening oil valve in the service valve chamber, for flash signalling purposes, substan-
tially as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourth. In an oil and air spray lamp, the fitting of a supporting socket air service
pipe and chamber with an inverted tube and trap for removing the moisture from the
air supplied, and with regulating pressure valve, all substantially as herein described
in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In an oil and air spray lamp, the fitting of an auxiliary or pilot light oil
vessel and flame combustion chamber with oil supply fittings all substantially as and
for the purposes and advantages herein described in reference to and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. The improved construction of an oil supply cistern, and its oil and air tube
fittings, for oil and air spray lamps, all substantially as and for the purposes and
advantages herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Dated this 12th day of February 1887.