PROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and latent Agent, for the Invention of im-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS." -A communication from abroad by
Mr. Pierre François Joly, Engineer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris
in the Empire of France.
of Middlesex, Engineer
atent Agent,
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS." -A communication from abroad by
Mr. Pierre François Joly, Engineer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris
in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 18th January 1861, and dated the 2nd November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1860.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS," to be as follows:-
The benefits arising from this new boiler are the following:-Ist, obtaining
by the subdivision of the volume of water a more rapid formation of steam
and the prevention of all chance of accident; 2ndly, drying the steam until it
is so de-saturated of the water as to produce a notable economy of fuel;
3rdly, having an apparatus occupying a small space, and having all the
paris capable of being inspected and easily cleaned.
This boiler is composed of four separate parts, 1st, of small tubes or steam
generators; ndly, of driers or superheaters of the steam produced in the
[Price 8d.1

page_text: generators; 3rdly, of a steam chest or reservoir; 4thly, of a water reservoir
and a float serving to regulate the feed.
1st. Generators.-The generators are tubes or chambers inclined longitu-
dinally on the fire-grate, and united together at one extremity by collecting
steam pipes, and at the other by a feed pipe; they are closed at one end by
man-hole doors, rendering their cleaning easy.
2nd. Heaters.-These superheaters are a series of horizontal tubes
disposed longitudinally in flues, and are traversed simultaneously by the
steam collected in the generators, in order to dry it. The circulation of
steam is effected by means of caps, in which the extremities of the steam
pipes are suitably enclosed.
3rd & 4th. Steam reservoir & supply of feed water.-The steam is
collected in a first reservoir, below which is placed a second reservoir
containing water, and furnished with a float to maintain the level of the
water. The water conducted in the first reservoir delivers itself in the
second, and a cock communicates with the feed pump regulating the supply
according to the level of the water.
I have represented in the annexed Drawings different forms of generators
for stationary engines constructed on the principles above mentioned.
Sheets 1 & 2 show different arrangements & details of boilers for stationary
engines; Fig. 1, Sheets 1 & 2, show front elevations of two furnaces and their
boilers; Figs. 2, Sheets 1 & 2, show central longitudinal vertical sections of the
same; Figs. 3, Sheets 2 & 3, show transverse vertical sections through the
fire-bars of said furnaces; Fig. 4, Sheet 1, shows a longitudinal section through
the heating tubes, also showing horizontal section of the lower reservoir;
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a horizontal section through a series of small superheating
tubes, also showing a section of upper reservoir; Fig. 5, Sheet 1, shows a lon-
gitudinal vertical section of two steam chests or reservoirs, resting on a
suitable support; Fig. 5, Sheet 2, shows a vertical elevation of the back end
of the furnace and boiler; Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, & 11, Sheet 1, show details
of superheating tubes fitted to the caps. In all the Figures the same
letters represent the same parts seen in different positions.
a, smoke passages of the apparatus forming, 1st, the sides of the space in
which the boiler is enclosed; 2ndly, the fire-bridge ; 3rdly, the deflectors;
c, d, inclined fire-bars, abutting in front against the front plate e, and at back
against the bridge b; f, longitudinal heating and generating tubes, placed in
an inclined position over the bars; they are terminated at each extremity by a
man-bole to facilitate their cleaning; they are all in communication with the
tube 9, which conducts their steam into the superheaters. They are also fed
:

page_text: by a tube h. The number of these heating tubes varies with the production
of steam required in the boiler; i, superheaters, formed of iron tubes mounted
at each end in caps j. The steam collected in the heating tubes f₁f, cir-
culates right and left in the two series of superheaters; it first traverses the
tubes numbered 1 at Figs. 6 & 7, and returns through the tubes 2, and so on
throughout the whole number of tubes. It is dried or superheated in the
course or its passage through these tubes. The number of superheaters varies
according to the number and capacity of heating tubes below. To prevent
the disjunction of tubes i under the influence of heat they are connected to a
first platej by a ring, in manner similar to the tubes of tubular boilers; and
these rings abut on the exterior on a counterplate pierced with holes for
the rings, the whole is secured together by screw bolts; m, chimney, by which
the products of combustion escape; n, sand bed, to prevent the loss of heat;
o, first steam reservoir, communicating with the superheating tubes by means
of tubes p. This reservoir is furnished, first, with safety valves; 2ndly, with
a steam pipe ; 3rdly, a pipe (seen in Sheet 2,) for cleaning the exterior of
the apparatus, especially when first putting it in action; &, 4thly, of a feed
apparatust with regulating cock, to be hereinafter described (see Figs. 6 & 7,
Sheet 2); u, second feed reservoir, placed under the first and communicating
with it by small openings. It also possesses a branch of communication with
the apparatus t, by means of which the water level is maintained at the
required height. The apparatus t is also in communication with the first
reservoir o; all the reservoirs may be closed in a casing of wood lined with
any heat-proof substance supported by suitable framework; v, water level,
fitted to the two reservoirs o and u. The regulating apparatus represented,
(Sheets 2 and 3,) comprises the following improvements; a, float, enclosed in
the interior of the capacity t, it is fixed to the extremity of a rod y, which
acts on a double action stop cock. This cock turns in a double joint 1, which
communicates on the one part with the feed pump by the tube 2, and on the
other with the feed pipe h by the tube 3. When the water level rises in the
reservoir t the parts are disposed in such way that the cock z partly closes
the opening from feed pump, and inversely when the water level is lowered.
Such are the principal improvements and details which compose the
generators for stationary engines of this Invention.
I have represented in the annexed Sheets the different arrangements of
generators for marine and river boat engiues constructed on the principles
herein before described.
Sheet 3 shows the different views and details of a marine boiler; Figs. 1
& 2 show front and back elevations of a furnace and boiler; Fig. 3 shows a

page_text: longitudinal vertical section of the same furnace and boiler; Fig. 4 shows a
transverse vertical section through the fire-bars; Fig. 5 shows a horizontal
section partly through the steam chest or reservoir,and partly through a series of
superheaters; Fig. 6 shows a horizontal section, partly through the transverse
heating tubes, and partly through the longitudinal heating tubes; Fig. 7
shows a central vertical section of the stop-cock regulating apparatus; Fig. S
shows a similar section of the same stop cock, taken at right angles to the
first (Fig. 7), and also showing the regulating apparatus fixed to the genera-
tors; Fig. 9 is a central vertical section of the regulating feed cock; Fig. 10,
a vertical section of the connection of the superheating tubes with the cap;
Figs. 11 & 12, details of man-hole in plan and central vertical section.
Sheet 4 shows details of another arrangement of marine boiler. In this
arrangement the ships' boilers are placed in two parallel lines contiguous
to each other. Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of a boiler; Fig. 2, a central
longitudinal vertical section of a boiler, and of the steam pipe common to
all boilers; Fig. 3 shows a transverse vertical section through the furnace.
In all the Figures the same letters and figures indicate the same parts seen
in different positions.
a,
smoke passages s of the apparatus, comprised, 1st, between the transverse
walls of the space, in which the boiler is enclosed; 2ndly, the fire-bridge b;
3rdly, the deflectors c. The side walls 4 are formed of two plates of sheet
iron connected by suitable stays in such way as to form a water reservoir sur-
rounding the fire-place; on the said reservoir of the marine engine are fixed,
1st, the feed pipes 5; 2ndly, the water level indicator; several man-holes are
made for the purpose of obtaining access into the interior of the reservoirs,
and to clean them. d, inclined grate, abutting in front against the front
plate e, and at back on fire bridge b: f, longitudinal inclined heating tubes,
placed above the fire; they are terminated at each extremity by covers of man-
holes, so as to render their cleaning easy. The heating tubes of the marine
boiler consists of a double series the one superposed on the other, thereby
assisting in the deflection of the heat from the furnace. The heating tubes are
all in communication with the colle ting tube of the steam g; they are also
fed by the tube h, which communicates with the reservoir surrounding the
furnace. The number of these heating tubes varies with the production of
steam required in the boiler; ¿, superheaters, formed of tubes of iron, termi-
nated at each extremity by caps j. The steam collected in the heating tubes
ff, circulates alternately in each of them, by which passage it becomes dried
or superheated; the number of superheaters varies according to the number of
heating tubes. To prevent the disjunction of the ends of the tubes i under

page_text: the influence of heat, they are connected (Fig. 10) to a plate 7 by a ring k
in a similar manner to the tubes of tubular boilers; the said rings k in the
interior abut on the counterplate 1, pierced with openings for their reception.
The whole is held firmly together by bolts. In the marine boiler there are
also deflectors 8 of sheet iron placed between the superheaters m. Funnels
furnished with a smoke box having a door 9 in the marine boiler. This funnel.
consists of a horizontal tube common to all the generators; it surrounds the
reservoir of steam'o, and the whole rests on a basement 6; n, layer of sand,
to prevent all loss of heat; o, steam reservoir or chest, surrounded by a layer
of heat-proof material communicating with the superheaters by the tube p.
This reservoir is furnished, 1st, with safety valves q; 2ndly, with a steam
pipe ; 3rdly, with a tube for cleaning it at will; and 4thly, of tubes t for
conducting the steam into the reservoir, which may form at the upper part of
the water reservoirs surrounding the furnace. The feed regulating apparatus t
is also placed in the latter reservoirs; a, float, in the interior of the capacity t;
it is fixed at the extremity of a rod y,which works a double-action cock =.
This cock turns in a double joint 1,which communicates on the one part to
the feed pump by the tube 2,and on the other to the feed pipes by the tube 3.
When the level of the water is raised in the reservoir t the parts are disposed
in such way that the cock Z partly closes the opening to the feed pump, and
vice versa, if the water level is lowered.
Such are the principal arrangements comprising the generators of this
Invention to be applied to marine & locomotive engines.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree

page_text: with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM GENERATORS," a communication from abroad by Mr. Pierre François
Joly, Engineer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France,
upou the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement,reference being had to the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in steam boilers or generators, &
consists, 1st, in obtaining by the subdivision of the volume a more rapid
formation of steam & the prevention of all chance of accident; 2ndly, super-
heating the steam until it is so de-saturated of the water as to produce notable
economy of fuel; 3rdly, having an apparatus occupying a small space, and
having all the parts capable of being inspected and cleaned.
This boiler is composed of four separate parts,-1st, of small tubes or steam
generators; 2ndly, of heaters or superheaters of the steam produced in the
generators; 3rdly, of a steam chest or reservoir; 4thly, of a water reservoir
and a float serving to regulate the feed.
1st. The generators or heating tubes.-A boiler of 20 horse-power, for
example, is composed of three small longitudinal generators or heating tubes
inclined from front to back above the furnace, at an incline of about seven
inches in the yard, which is of advantage for permitting the steam which may
form at any point of the generators, to disengage itself without withdrawing
too great a quantity of water with it. These tubes have intercommunication
at the lower part with a feed pipe furnished with three junctions. This tube
is united to the force pipe of the feed pump, so as to supply the three
generators at once. The height of the water in the upper part of the heating
tubes is regulated so as to leave a small space, in which the steam accumulates
and passes thence to the superheating apparatus through a transverse tube

page_text: furnished with a junction from each generator, which tube also regulates-
the pressure of the three generators.
2ndly. Superheaters.-The superheating apparatus is placed above the
three generators, and separated from them by the arch forming the deflectors
of the flame. It is composed of 24 tubes divided into two series, hermetically
closed at their extremities by covers, in which are compartments for causing
the damp steam coming from the generators to traverse the whole of the tubes
in succession. The steam after being thus superheated passes into a steam
chest placed transversely at one end of the apparatus. By increasing the
number of tubes the steam may be more or less superheated a will. I
employ several special arrangements of superheating tubes and covers to be
herein-after described. The twenty-four tubes are connected at their ex-
tremities to strong sheet iron plates in a similar manner to the joints of the
tubes of locomotive boilers; however the pressure in this improved apparatus
does not develope itself in the same way as in those boilers, as the tubes by
the effect of dilatation tend to force themselves out and disconnect the rivets.
To remedy this a second plate, in which are made spaces corresponding to the
projecting ends of the tubes & thimbles, is interposed between the principal
plate for uniting the tubes and the cover for passing the steam from one tube
to another. The three thicknesses are then connected by bolts, thus the
riveting of the tubes is placed between two plates which will effectually
prevent any tendency to get out of position.
3rdly. The steam chest.-It has been observed that the steam after
having traversed the superheating apparatus, where it has been sufficiently
desaturated, passes into a reservoir at the upper part. The steam pipe &.
safety valves are placed on this reservoir, which should be of a capacity to
contain about six gallons per horse-power.
4thly. The reservoir & float forming the feed regulators.-A second reser-
voir nearly filled with water is placed under the steam chest, with which it is in
communication bytwo small openings about one and a half inches in diameter.
This reservoir, which is termed the feed regulator,possesses three advantages,
first, of collecting the water which is not vaporized during its passage through
the superheaters, which passes from the steam chest into the said reservoir by
means of the two openings above mentioned. It should be here remarked
that this only takes place at the moment of starting, causing for a few minutes
a more considerable flow of water than can be vaporised by the superheaters;
when, however, this time has elapsed equilibrium is re-established.
A further and the most important advantage resulting from the use of the

page_text: reservoir consists in its employment for the regulation of the feed, as I will
now proceed to describe.
In a boiler of the kind herein-before mentioned the volume of water con
tained in the generators being very small, a continuous feed is necessary,
which is regulated according to the requirements of and by the machine itself,
in such manner that the quantity vaporized, which varies according to the
greater or less consumption by the cylinders of the machine, may be con-
tinuously replaced by a quantity equal to that vaporized. This result has not
hitherto been realized, which I however obtain by a simple apparatus, which
varies the supply of the suction pipe of the feed pump, while the supply force
pipe in communication with the heating tubes always remains full. For this
purpose is placed at one end of the boiler a cylinder in a vertical position, the
lower end of which communicates with the feed reservoir, and the upper end
with the steam chest, allowing the level of the water in the reservoir to be
established in the cylinder. In the interior of the latter there is a ball or
float, the rod of which is screwed to the key of a cock in communication with
the suction tube of the feed pump. The level of the water in the large
reservoir should be always the same, which is ascertained by means of a tube
corresponding with it; the following results will be obtained when at the
moment of starting the flow of water is greater than the vaporizing power of
the heating tubes, the water will return to the feed reservoir where it raises
the level of the water. The same effect takes place in the cylinder, where the
ball in rising turns the key of the cock placed on the suction pipe of the
pump until the orifice of said cock is completely shut. The suction being cut
off the forcing and direct feeding of the generator also ceases.
As the regu-
lating reservoir communicates at its lower part with the generators, and its
water level is twelve or fourteen inches higher than that of the heating tubes,
the water in the reservoir returns to the generators until the level being
reduced to its normal height also causes the ball to fall in like manner. The
suction cock of the pump then opens in succession and the feeding recom-
mences. The reverse effect is produced if the water in the reservoir falls
below its proper level, that is to say, the ball opens the valve of the
suction pipe to the full extent, and the feeding of the generators will then
be effected by the pump at its full volume. A third advantage in the use
of this reservoir, which contains about three gallons per horse-power, con-
sists in the capability of working for half an hour without the aid of the
feed pump, in case the valves of the latter should require attention.
Lastly, the steam and feed reservoirs which are placed one over the other

page_text: transversely to the the apparatus, yet possess this further advantage, that
when using a series of boilers it is only necessary to extend them the whole
width of the series, and have only one steam pipe and safety valve.
Inspection and cleaning.-There further remains the'question of inspecting
and cleaning the parts to which this Invention relates. The generators or
heating tubes have at their extremities a number of elliptical openings or
manholes closed by suitable covers, which it is only necessary to remove in
order to examine the interior or clean out and remove any deposit the water
may have left therein. The same is effected in the superheating apparatus,
which may be examined and cleaned by simply removing the caps from the
ends of the tubes in which the steam circulates. I would here remark from
experience that when using impure water deposits are formed in the generators
while the superheaters will only contain insignificant quantities, which result
is produced by the steam passing from the generators to the superheaters,
carrying with it water at a higher temperature than that left behind, which
water being in reality in a state of wet steam becomes distilled, and thus
leaves in its progress to the superheaters the foreign matters contained, the
smaller portion of which is the result of the impulse due to the ebullition of
the current. Where smoke-consuming apparatus is not employed, the soot
collected on the superheating tubes neutralizes the action of the heat of the
furnace; this inconvenience is remedied by placing the purge pipe of the
steam reservoir in the interior of the boiler, when the stoker on stopping the
apparatus at night opens the cock of the blow-off or purge pipe, and the steam
on traversing the space occupied by the superheating tubes effectually
removes the soot, which passes out by the chimney.
Exterior casing. The whole of the generators and superheaters are enclosed
in a casing of sheet & cast iron, furnished with an inner lining of refractory or
fire bricks. The upper part is covered by a double lining of plate iron,
between which is placed a layer of sand for retaining the heat. This double
plate is bolted to the exterior casing, so that it may be easily removed in case
repairs are necessary.
Such are the general arrangements for carrying out the principle of this
Invention, which insures a rapid supply of steam (about twenty minutes being
sufficient for getting it up), and produces a dry steam, and this greatly
economizing the fuel, the evaporization being from one and a half to two
gallons for every two and a half pounds of coal used.
Lastly, the improvement consists in the small size of the apparatus as
compared with ordinary boilers, and the facility with which it may be
cleaned when required.

page_text: I will now describe some applications of the Invention to boilers suit-
able for marine and locomotive engines. For marine engines using fresh
water with a single furnace the arrangement of the generators and super.
heaters are the same as those herein-before described for stationary engines.
The use of bricks in the construction of these boilers presents the double incon-
venience of having too great a weight, and repairs being more difficult to be
effected than in engines of the above-mentioned kind. Instead of bricks, I
employ a double casing of plate iron filled with water up to about sixteen or
twenty inches from the top. Independently of the steam produced in this
double casing being collected in the reservoir,thewater it contains serves as a
feed regulator and is substituted for the reservoir of stationary engines, which
is usually placed under the steam reservoir. Two pipes placed at the back
conduct the steam from the casing to the steam reservoir and are further made
use of for conveying into the casing the water which may not have been
vaporized while passing through the superheating tubes. The arch of the
furnace is formed either of horizontal or inclined tubes connected to the sides
of the casing, the spaces hetween the holes are filled with small plates of
sheet iron or refractory clay. The cylinder with floats is the same as before
described for stationary engines; it is connected to one of the casings, which, as
above mentioned serves as the regulating reservoir. The pump instead of
supplying the water direct to the heating tubes previously supplies it to the
boiler at the lower part of each casing, the whole surface of which it traverses
before entering the heating tubes by the junction pipes in connection there
with. The steam chest and smoke box are placed over the boiler.
2ndly. Marine engines for sea service are generally required to be of con-
siderably greater power and have several furnaces in connection, I form them
also of double casings as before described. The superheaters are also
arranged in the same manner except that the heating tubes and the position
of the steam chest are different. The heating tubes are formed of two lines of
superposed tubes connected at each end to strong sheet iron plates, in which
are made openings corresponding to the internal diameter of said tubes. Com-
inunication is established by means of caps which allow of one common
supply of water and steam. The vertical space between these tubes is
utilized in forming heat deflectors by placing plates of refractory clay hooked
together to prevent their displacement. When a series of furnaces are
employed, I apply the improvement before mentioned with reference to
stationary engines by placing the steam reservoir transversely to the boilers.
The gases from the furnaces are conducted to the smoke box and from
thence to the chimney.

page_text: generators
I have represented in the annexed Drawings different forms of
for stationary engines constructed on the principles above mentioned.
Sheets 1 & 2 show different arrangements and details of boilers for
stationary engines. Figs. 1, Sheets 1 & 2, show front elevations of two
furnaces and their boilers; Figs. 2, Sheets 1 & 2, show central, longitudinal,
vertical sections of the same; Figs. 3, Sheets 1 & 2, show transverse vertical
sections through the fire bars of said furnaces; Figs. 4, Sheets 1 & 2, shows a
longitudinal, horizontal section, through the heating tubes, and a horizontal
section of the lower reservoir, as also a horizontal section through the series of
small superheating tubes also showing a section of the upper reservoir; Fig. 5,
Sheet, shows a longitudinal vertical section of two steam chests or reservoirs
resting on a suitable support; Fig. 5, Sheet 2, shows a vertical elevation of
the back end of the furnace and boiler; Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, Sheet 1,
show details of superheating tubes mounted in caps. In all the Figures the
same letters and figures represent the same parts, seen in different positions.
a smoke passages of theapparatus, formed by the sides of the space in which
the boiler is enclosed; 2ndly, the fire bridge ; 3rdly, the deflectors c;
d inclined fire-bars abutting against the front plate e, and at back against the
bridge bf, longitudinal heating tubes placed in an inclined position over
the fire-bars, they are terminated at each extremity by a manhole to facilitate
their cleaning, they are all in communication with the tube g, which conducts
their steam into the superheaters. They are also fed by a tube h. The number
of these heating tubes varies with the production of steam required in the
boiler., superheaters formed of iron tubes mounted at each end in caps j,
the steam collected in the heating tubes f,fcirculates right and left in the two
series of superheaters, it first traverses the numbered tubes at Figs. 6 & 7
turns through the tubes 2, and so on through the whole number of tubes, it
being dried or superheated in its course. The number of superheaters varies
according to the number and capacity of heating tubes. To prevent the dis-
junction of tubes i under the influence of heat they are connected to a first
plate 7 by a ring, similar to the tubes of tubular boilers, and the same rings &
abut on the exterior on a counter plate 7 pierced with holes for the rings; the
whole is secured by screw bolts; m,chimney by which the products of combustion
escape; n, sand bed to prevent the loss of heat; o, first steam reservoir com-
municating with the superheating tubes by means of tubes p. This reservoir
is furnished, 1st, with safety valves q; 2ndly, with a steam piper; 3rdly, with
pipes (Sheet 2,) for cleaning the exterior of the apparatus, especially when
setting it in motion; & 4thly, of a feed apparatus t with regulating cock to be
herein-after described (see Figs. 6 & 7, Sheet 2); u, second feed reservoir

page_text: placed under the first & communicating with it by small openings. It also
possesses a branch of communication with the apparatus t by means of which
the water level is maintained at the required height. The apparatus & is also
in communication with the first reservoir o; all the steam reservoirs may be
enclosed in a casing of wood lined with any heat proof substance & supported
by suitable framework; », water level fitted to the two reservoirs & u. The
feed regulating apparatus represented, Sheets 2 & 3, comprises the following
improvements., float enclosed in the interior of the capacity t, it is fixed to
the extremity of a rod y, which works a double action stop cock. This cock
turns in a double joint 1, which communicates on the one hand to the feed
pump by the tube 2, and on the other to the feed pipe h by the tube 3.
When the water level rises in the reservoir t the parts are disposed in such
way that the cock z partly closes the opening from the feed pump and
inversely when the water level is lowered. Such are the principal improve-
ments and details which compose the generators for stationary engines of
this Invention. I have represented in the annexed Sheet of Drawings the
different arrangements of generators for marine or boat engines constructed
on the principles herein-before described.
Sheet 3 shows the different views and details of a boiler for river navigation.
Figs. 1 & 2 show front and back elevations of a furnace and boiler; Fig. 3
shows a longitudinal vertical section of the same furnace & boiler; Fig. 4
shows a transverse vertical section through the fire-bars; Fig. 5 shows a
horizontal section partly through the steam chest or reservoir and partly
through a series of superheaters; Fig. 6 shows a horizontal section partly
through the transverse heating tubes and partly through the longitudinal
heating tubes; Fig. 7 shows a central vertical section of the stop cock
regulating apparatus; Fig. S shows a similar section of the same stop cock,
taken at right angles to the first (Fig. 7), and showing the regulating
apparatus fixed to the generator; Fig. 9 is a central vertical section of the
regulating feed cock; Fig. 10, a vertical section of the connection of the
superheating tubes with the cap; Figs. 12 & 13, Sheet 1, show details of
man-hole in plan and central vertical section.
Sheet 4 shows details of another arrangement of marine boiler.
In this
arrangement ships' boilers are placed in two parallel lines contiguous to
each other. Fig. 1 shows a front elevation of a boiler; Fig. 2, a central
longitudinal vertical section of a boiler & of the steam pipe common to all-
the boilers; Fig. 3 shows a transverse vertical section through the furnace.
In all the Figures the same letters and figures indicate the same parts, secu
in different positions.

page_text: a, smoke passages of the apparatus constituted, Ist, by the transverse walls.
of the space in which the boiler is enclosed; 2ndly, by the fire-bridge b; and
3rdly, the deflectors c. The side walls 4 are formed of two plates of slicet
iron connected by suitable stays in such way as to form a water reservoir
surrounding the fire-place; on the said reservoir of the marine engine are
fixed, 1st, the feed tubes 5; 2ndly, the water level indicator v; several man-
holes are made for the purpose of obtaining access into the interior of the
reservoirs in order to clean them; d, inclined grate abutting in front against
the front plate e, and at back on fire-bridge b; f, longitudinal inclined heating
tubes placed above the fire, they are terminated at each extremity by caps for
inan-holes so as to render their cleaning more easy. The heating tubes of the
marine boiler consists of a double series, theon è superposed on the other, they
thereby assist in the deflection of the heat from the furnace. The heating tubes
are all in communication with the collecting tube of the steam g, they are also
fed by the tube h, which communicates with the reservoir surrounding the
furnace. The number of these heating tubes varies with the production of
steam required in the boiler; i, superheaters formed of tubes of iron terminated
at each extremity by caps j. The steam collected in the heating tubes f, f,
circulates alternately in each of them, by which circulation it becomes dried or
superheated, the number of superheaters varies according to the number of
heating tubes. To prevent the disjunction of the heating tubes i under the
influence of heat, they are connected (Fig. 10) to a plate 7 by a ring k in a
similar manner to the tubes of tubular boilers; said rings abut in the interior
on the counter plate e pierced w th openings for their reception, the whole is
held firmly together by bolts. In the marine boiler there are also deflectors S
of sheet iron placed between the superheaters; m, funnel furnished with a
smoke box having a door q in the marine boiler. This funnel consists of
a horizontal tube common to all the generators, it surrounds the reservoir of
stean o, and the whole rests on a pedestal 6; n, layer of sand to prevent all
loss of heat; o, steam reservoir or chest surrounded by a layer of heat proof
material communicating with the superheaters by the tube p. This reservoir
is furnished, 1st, with safety valves q; 2ndly, with a steam piper; 3rdly, with
a tube for cleaning it at will, & 4thly, with tubest for conducting the wet
steam into the reservoir, which may form the upper part of the water reservoirs
surrounding the furnace. The feed regulating apparatus is also placed on
the latter reservoirs; x, float in the interior of the capacity t, it is fixed at the
extremity of a rod y, which works a double-action cock .
This cock turns
in a double joint 1, which communicates on the one part to the feed
by the tube 2, and on the other to the feed pipes by the tube 3. When the
pump

page_text: water level is raised in the reservoir & the parts are disposed in such way that
the cock partly closes its opening to the feed pump and vice versa, if the
water level is lowered. Such are the principal arrangements comprising the
generators of this Invention to be applied to marine & locomotive engines.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
JAMES DAISII,
53, Chancery Lane,
London.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)