IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF YARN, AND THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF IT TERMID FADDING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Singleton, of Over Darwen, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF YARN, AND
THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF IT TERMID FADDING"
Sealed the 29th June 1869, and dated the 1st January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Singleton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his l'etition, on the
1st January 1869.
I, THOMAS SINGLETON, or Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF YARN, AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE THEREOF INTO TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This indenture consists, first, in various improvements in sizing
machines and operations connected with them, and also in the manage-
ment of the size. In the sizing machine I make the first roller over
which the yarn passes after coming from the back beams capable of
rising, so that if the yarn should become slack the rising of the roller
[Price 8d.]

page_text: In
may serve to keep it stretched. The ends of the roller work in bosses
fitted in guides, and the bosses and roller are kept up by spiral springs,
oi by means of weights attached to cords, straps, chains, or levers.
the sizing machines having cone drums I drive the drums with one or
more india-rubber straps coupled together in one or more places, by
which means the strap or straps can better adapt themselves to the angle
of the cones. To the first dividing rod I attach weights or springs
for the purpose of drawing the rod forward towards the point of the
separation of the yarn, so that when there is a hard and matted place in
the yarn the rod can recede and prevent breaking. In order to enable
the warps to become thoroughly saturated with size I dry the ways
ellectually before it is immersed in the size, and for this purpose I
employ one or more cylinders filled with steam, and so placed that the
yain shall come in contact with them and be dried before entering the
size, and to prevent the steam from the size moistening the yarn before
Sizing I partition off the space between the cylinders and the size.
My next improvement consists in an improved mode of driving the
sizing machine by friction. Instead of the friction plates at present in
use I employ two circular springs having one end of each pressing
against the interior of a drum connected to a driving shaft, and the other
ends connected to the shaft to be driven by the friction. Or I employ
a strong spiral spring and cause its periphery to act on the interior of
the dium.
I now describe various improvements of the management of the size.
In order to keep the size in the sizing machine at one uniform level I
place in the size box at the required height of the size an overflow pipe,
which shall carry off the surplus size and conduct it to a pump which
forces it into the pipe that feeds the machine with size. The amount
of feed is regulated by a cock which is opened to admit a little in excess
of what is wanted, and the excess returned to the feed pipe by the pump,
and to this pump I also fix a pipe which extends to the bottom of the
size box to empty the box of size if required. I surround the cock
wll admits size to the size box of the sizing machine with a cup
containing tallow for the purpose of preventing the cock from sticking,
and cause the cock to be opened and shut by a float or floats on the
surface of the size, so that it may be self-acting.
Another improvement consists of an apparatus for enabling raw size
to be evenly distributed among that which is boiled. It is intended for

page_text: use in those machines where the size is boiled in the size box only, and
consists of a small cistern, from which runs a perforated pipe furnished
with a tap along the width of the size box. The raw size is poured into
the cistern and runs into the perforated pipe and out at the perforations.
In order to regulate the supply of size to the sizing machine I employ
one or more floats on the surface of the size, and connected to the inlet
valve or cock by a rod or lever, and this valve or cock I immerse below
the level of the size instead of above it as at present. When the surface
of the size falls below its proper level the float or floats cause the valve
or cock to be opened to admit more size.
In connection with sizing machines I employ an improved arrange-
ment for boiling the size.
a spiral or zig-zag pipe surrounded by steam, I pass it through bent
pipes connected to globes, the pipes and globes decreasing in dimensions
from the ingress to the egress ends, which arrangement is for the
purpose of enabling the size in its passage to alter its position with
regard to the heating surface, and thereby become uniformly heated.
Or I pass the size through a spiral tube attached to a globe, and from
thence through another spiral tube, the spirals of the tubes gradually
increasing in diameter from their ends to the globe.
Instead of allowing the size to pass through
In another arrangement for the same purpose I place in the inside of
one of the drying cylinders of the sizing machine a spiral tube or coil
of piping, through which the size is made to pass on its way to the size
box and is boiled by the steam in the cylinder, the tube or coil having
its entrance and exit at the pivots of the cylinder. In order to mix the
size more effectually and uniformly than at present, and at the same time
remove any impurities I employ two hydraulic presses in connection
with two cylinders and a sieve or sieves, the cylinders having pistons
connected to the rams of the pumps. The size to be mixed and purified
is placed in one cylinder, and one pump set to work to force the sizo
through the sieve into the other cylinder, and then the pump is stopped
and the impurities removed by a circular brush.
The other pump
is
now set to work to force the size back again to the first cylinder and
the impurities again removed, and these operations are repeated as often
as required.
}
My next improvement consists in an improved self-stopping motion
for warping or beaming machine for stopping the machine when a thread
breaks or a spool is empty. At that point where the warp has passed

page_text: over the necessary rollers and previous to going on the warp beam I fix
on the front of the machine two or more edged plates or bars over which
the threads pass. The edges are a short distance apart, and at any part
between them I place on every thread a small weight, which is prevented
from travelling with the thread by the said metal edges.
The weights
are supported by the threads, and if a thread breaks the weight falls
down upon and passes between two rollers, either fluted or plain,
extending across the machine in contact with each other. One of the
rollers is driven by the machine, and the other by contact with the
driven roller, which latter is suspended from a bar by metal arms or
levers. Any of the before-mentioned weights in falling between these
two rollers is taken through and separates the rollers a short distance
apart. One of the arms or levers by which the roller is suspended
extends to near the knocking-off spring bracket, and is attached to a pin
projecting through the bracket, and holding back the knocking-off
spring when the threads are entire and the rollers are in contact.
When a thread is broken or absent the rollers are separated by a weight
passing between them, and the arm or lever draws the pin so as to allow
the knocking-off spring to escape from its detent and stop the machine
in the ordinary manner. The weight after passing between the rollers
fall upon an inclined plane which guides them into a box. For pre-
venting the threads from getting so low as to pick up the accumulated
lint and dust called fluke I arrange the back comb with bars or small
rollers placed at an angle and covered with brush or flannel if required.
For preventing the back comb from wearing most in one part, as at
present, I place an eccentric rod or shaft underneath or on the top of the
said comb, so that its position may be occasionally changed. In order
to wipe away the dust that might be caught by the yarn I place in the
machine a screw cut with both a right and left handed thread, and place
on the threads a swivel nut and holder carrying a duster, so that when
the screw revolves the duster will move forwards and backwards across
the machine and remove the dust.
The next part of the Invention consists in various improved arrange-
ments of expanding and contracting combs.
In one arrangement I place in the inside of each of two spiral springs
a strip or tube of india-rubber, and place one spring within the other,
and the dents of the comb are passed through the india-rubber and
between the coils of the springs.
Or I encase the two springs with their

page_text: internal strips or tubes of india-rubber in an outer tube of india-rubber
and pass the dents through the whole.
In another arrangement I employ two expanding and contracting
combs exactly alike with the dents in each double the usual distance
apart, I place these two combs at a certain distance apart with the dents
of one opposite the spaces in the other, by which means I virtually make
one comb of the two, by which I purpose getting a better sheet of yarn
in the machine for sizing the warps. In order to cover the opening
through which the dents come from the romb case of an expanding and
contracting comb, I place a strap of india-rubber upon or inside the
comb case and cause the dents to project through the strap, and by this
means the opening is covered and the strap contracts and expands with
the comb.
My next improvement relates to the winding machines used for
winding warpers' bobbins. I dispense with the gig or flannel rail and
substitute for it a broad mushroom headed pin covered with flannel and
made with a shank which is passed through a small bracket and fastened
by a set screw, there being a pin for each thread or yarn. The bracket
is fixed on a bar or rod running longitudinally with the machine and can
be set to any angle for enabling more or less flannel or friction surface
to be presented to the yarn passing over it, and as the pin can be turned
to different positions a fresh surface of the flannel may be presented
to the yarn by causing it to cross the head in another direction.
Another improvement consists in making the thread guide that it
can swivel about and adapt itself to the particular angle of the thread
by means of a pin working in a hole. The bottom of the pin may rest
on an eccentric shaft having a slow rotary motion by which means the
guide may rise and fall and thereby present a fresh wearing surface to
the thread.
The next part of my Invention relates to loose reed looms, and
consists in various improved arrangements of mechanism for making
the reed loose when the shuttle is not properly boxed for preventing
damage to the warp and fast for beating up the weft.
In one arrangement I place in contact with one of the swell fingers a
stop finger pointed to a lever attached to a shaft at the top of the back
board, and to this shaft is attached a perpendicular arm, having at the
bottom a hook or notch. The reed binder is connected to arms fixed to
a stop rod beneath the slay, the said rod having at the back a wing

page_text: which can be held by the hooked arm, and at the front a finger for
acting on a projection on the ordinary spring handle, and to the bottom
of the slay is fixed one end of a spring, the other end of which is in
contact with the wing, and when the wing is held up by the hooked arm
the reed binder is close up to the bottom of the reed and keeps the reed
fast. When the shuttle is not properly boxed the swells and swell
fingers are not acted upon by the shuttle, and the front end of the stop
finger is in such a position that as the slay comes forward it comes in
contact with a notch in a fixed bracket which causes the finger to move
back and turn the lever to which it is connected and also the shaft to
which the lever is fixed, the effect of which is to turn back the hooked
arm and remove the hook from the wing which is then pressed down by
the spring so as to turn the stop rod and move back the bent arms and
binder and make the reed loose, and as the swing is moved down the first
finger on the stop rod is raised so that as the slay comes forwards the
finger shall act on the spring handle and cause the stoppage of the
loom. When the shuttle is properly boxed the swells and swell finger
vibrate by the action of the shuttle and cause the bottom of the stop
finger to be raised so that it cannot come in contact with the notch in
the fixed bracket, and therefore there is no action on the hooked arm
and the reed remains fast. Or I attach to the reed binder sliding rods
capable of being moved up and down by levers on the stop rod which
rod carries a wing resting on the hook of the hooked arm when the reed
is fast. When the hooked arm is moved back by the action of the stop
finger the wing aided by a spring falls, and the levers attached to the
stop rod draw down the sliding rods and reed binder and liberates the
reed.
"
In another arrangement instead of the hooked arm and wing for
keeping the reed fast I have at the front of the stop rod a holding finger
the top end of which is in contact with a rod working in brackets fixed
to the bottom or front of the slay which rod is encircled or attached to a
spring and connected by a cord, strap, wire, or chain to the stop finger
before mentioned. When the rod is maintained in one position by the
spring it holds down the holding finger and keeps the reed fast, and the
parts are in these positions when the shuttle is properly boxed. If the
shuttle should be lodged in the shed the stop 'finger as the slay moves
forward comes in contact with the notch in the fixed bracket which
causes the said finger to move back and pull the cord, strap, wire, or

page_text: chain, so as to shift the pin in the brackets and liberate the holding
tinger to allow the reed binder. to fall back and make the reed loose.
Or I attach to the bottom of the slay brackets having hooks which
receive and hold the bent arms attached to the stop rod and reed binder
and joint to the stop rod a lever connected to the stop finger by a rod
wire, strap, or chain. When the stop finger catches in the notch of the
fixed bracket and moves back it draws or slides the stop rod so as to
remove the bent arms from the hooks of the brackets to allow the reed
binder to fall back and liberate the reed; or to arms on the stop rod 1
fix two duck bills and place in brackets on the bottom of the slay a rod
or shaft carrying two wings and a lever connected by a connecting rod
to the stop finger. When there is no backward action of the stop.
finger the wings are in contact with the duck bills and keep the reed
fast, but when the stop finger is moved back by the fixed bracket it pulls
the connecting rod and removes the wings from the duck bills to allow
tho reed binder to fall back and make the reed loose. Or for holding the
duck bills or horizontal arms connected with the stop rod, and allow-
ing them to be released as required I employ two catches joined to
the front of the slay, which catches are connected together by a rod
communicating by a cord, strap, wire, or chain, with the stop finger..
When tho shuttle is boxed the catches hold the duck bills or arms and
keep the reed fast, but when the stop finger is moved back the catches are
pulled off the duck bills or arms and the reed becomes loose, and when
the reed is again placed in its forward position the catches are pulled on
the duck bills or arms by means of a spring; or I fix on the front of
the slay one or more brackets each carrying a horizontal catch which
takes hold of one of the wings connecting the stop rod with the rod
binder and keeps the reed fast. The catch or catches communicate
with the stop finger by a rod, cord, chain; or strap, which when pulled
by the backward motion of the finger removes the catch or catches
from the wing or wings and allows the reed to be loose, but when
the stop finger is raised there is no pulling action and the reed remains
fast.
I ▸
In another arrangement I weld or fix, to the stop rod carrying the
reed binder a back arm which rests on a notch of a spring lever fixed
at one end to a sword arm and keeps the reed fast. This lever carries
a stop finger resting on a lifting finger fixed to the shaft which carries
the ordinary swell fingers, and the stop finger when not acted upon is

page_text: in line with a notch of a fixed bracket. When the shuttle is properly
boxed the swell fingers give motion to the lifting finger which raises
the stop finger above the fixed notch and the reed remains fast, but if
the shuttle is not boxed the fingers remain stationary, and as the slay
comes forward the stop finger catches the fixed notch and moves the
spring lever back so as to remove its notch from the back arm and allow
the reed to be loose.
In another arrangement I have at the front of the stop rod an arm
acted upon by a spring for keeping the reed gently in its place, and to
this arm is attached a perpendicular bracket. At the back or front of
the loom I hang a lever carrying a bowl working on a tappet fixed to
the ordinary tappet shaft, and joint to the lever one end of a perpen-
dicular rod having its other end working in a guide fixed to a slay
sword. As the tappet revolves the lever and rod rises and falls, and
during one part of the motion of the loom the top of the rod is in front
of the bracket and keeps the reed fast, but during another part of the
motion just before the time for the reed to become fast the rod is below
the bracket, so that the spring can give way and allow the reed to fall
back if it meets any obstruction. And this arrangement I apply in as
many places as may be required.
My next improvement relates to fast reed looms, and consists of an
improved mode of stopping the loom if the shuttle does not enter the
boxes. On the loom side I have a double sliding frog, and at the back
of one of the back boards or front of the slay a short shaft, from which
hangs a lever carrying a swell finger with a projecting end, and also a
pin, on which rests the tail of a stop rod finger. Should the shuttle
omit boxing the swell finger remains stationary, and as the slay comes
forward the projecting end of the swell finger catches one of the notches
of the frog and causes the lever to move backwards, so that the pin upon
it shall raise the tail and depress the front end of the stop rod finger,
which as the slay advances catches in the other notch of the frog and
slides the frog forwards, which causes the loom to be stopped in the
ordinary manner.
Another part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of
stopping the loom if floats in the cloth are indicated by the shuttle flying
out of its true course. To the back or front of each back board I
attach a small bracket carrying a shaft, to which are fixed two horizontal
levers, the longer provided with an arm with two catches and the shorter

page_text: with a balance weight,. and to both levers is connected a rod extending
from side to side in front of the reed. To the ordinary weft lever I fix
a bracket having a projection below which the front end of the longer
lever passes when the shuttle is working properly, the lever being kept
in position by the upper of the two catches resting on the back board.
If the shuttle rises from the race board of the slay, either from these
being a float in the cloth or from any other cause, it will strike the rod
at the front of the reed and raise it and the levers, so that the lower
catch can rest on the back board, which will have the effect of bringing
the front end of the longer finger opposite the projection on the
bracket on the weft lever, and as the slay moves forward the said weft
lever will be moved back and stop the loom in the ordinary manner.
I now describe various improvements in connection with picking
sticks. and pickers. I substitute weight for the springs usually em-
ployed for bringing back the picking sticks. To each loom side I
attach a small bracket carrying a weighted lever, to which the strap of
the picking stick is connected, and the weighted end of each lever brings
back its corresponding picking stick after it has been struck for-
ward. In underpick looms I make the bottom of the picking stick
heavier on one side for effecting the same purpose. I. place a roller of
india-rubber, or of any substance found most suitable at the nose end
of each backboard for preventing damage to the boards by the shuttle
and the shuttle from being damaged in return. I place at the end of
each shuttle box a bow spring to assist and support the picker when
receiving the blow of the shuttle from the opposite box, and by that
means keep the cop more securely in its place; or I cause the picker to
be received by swells having springs pressing on them. I place an
india-rubber ring on one or both ends of the fly spindles, which rings act
as buffers to the striking of the pickers, and greatly preserves them, and
for protecting the rings from the action of the oil on the spindles I bush
them with spiral springs or tubing. I place upon the picker an india-
rubber or metal spring seating or cushion having in the centre a hole,
through which the packing board passes, and the peg securing the
picking band rests upon this seating or cushion. By this means the
sudden shock of picking is considerably lessened at that point and
effectually preserves that part of the picking band.
I bush the picker
where it slides on the fly spindle with a spiral spring for the purpose
of protecting and preserving the picker. I insert into that part of the

page_text: picker which strikes the shuttle an india-rubber plug, by which means
the pickers are rendered more elastic and more durable than those at
present in use. I line the insides of the pickers used in under pick
looms with india-rubber or other substance, and make the hole in the
lining to suit the various positions of the picking stick, by which means
the shuttle will receive a fairer blow than with the ordinary pickers.
I make an elastic and durable picker by forming its body of india-rubber
with holes for the reception of the picking band; the hole for the fly
spindle I bush with a spiral spring and plug the part striking the
shuttle with hard leather, buffalo hide, or other suitable material. To
prevent the wear and tear of the end of the picking stick and picking band
I form in the end of the stick a small slot or groove, in which is placed a
tongue projecting from a piece of india-rubber, leather, or gutta percha,
which is passed round the end of the stick and connected to the picking
band; this tongue keeps the india-rubber from moving about and 1
prevents the wear of the stick and band; or I fasten the ordinary band
to the end of the stick.
My next improvement relates to the taking-up motion of looms and
consists in substituting for the wire pin now used on the carrier wheel
stud a small lever or catch jointed either to a collar sorewed to the end
of the stud or jointed to the stud itself, when the lever or catch is turned
one way it keeps the wheel in its place and when turned the other way
allows the wheel to be drawn out of gear.
Another part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of
weighting the cloth beam up to the emery beam. I place each end
of the shaft of the cloth beam in a metal hook attached to a rope which
is passed one or more turns round the shaft of the emery beam or a
stud, and has a weight connected to it. By this means the weight is
near the front of the loom and can be easily attended to and at the same
time prevents the emery beam from being pulled upwards by the tension
of the cloth.
My next improvement relates to healds and parts connected with them.
Instead of forming the healds of single threads I knit them with two
threads side by side of fine yarn, by which means I obtain a much
stronger heald. Or when desired I knit one-half with single threads
and the other half with double threads. Instead of the small wire
hooks used at the ends of the heald roller straps, and to which the healds
are tied, I use metal hooks having at the bottom projecting shanks

page_text: of three or four times the diameter of the aforesaid wire hooks by which
arrangement the strings from the healds are not so liable to be cut as at
present. In some cases I dispense with the hooks and 'employ, a rod
for connecting together the front heald straps and another rod for con-
necting together the two back heald straps to which rods the healds
are tied, and wherever the string may be attached to the heald staves
corresponding places can be found on the rods; and from these rods
hanging down between the healds there are small rods or straps
for the purpose of keeping the healds at a proper distance apart.
Another improvement consists in forming the healds of a combination
of metal and thread. I employ a number of thin strips of metal having
three holes near each end and two in the middle, and to two of the
holes at one end I fasten an end of a heald thread and then pass the
thread one, two, or more times through the holes in the middle, and
afterwards fasten the thread to two of the holes at the other end of the
strip and the coils of thread in the centre form at one or both sides of
the strips eyes for the warp. The strips of metal are connected by,
pins pressing through the end holes to metal plates having spaces
stamped out to receive the heald staves, and these plates and strips
are rivetted in lengths of one or more inches as may be desired, or I
make cach strip and plate in one piece. Or instead of the metal
strips I employ for each eye two wires connected to the heald staves
and attach a thread to them for forming the eye. The ends of tho'
wires are hooked or looped, and to one of their outer ends I fasten a
heald thread which is then passed one, two, or more times through
the hooks or loops in the middle, and then the thread is carried to the
other end of the wire and there fastened.
In another arrangement I employ metal strips and form the eyes by
punching projections from the strips, the spaces between the projections
and the strips forming the eyes, and in the bottom and top of the eye I
lay one or more threads of heald yarn for the protection of the warp
and the heald.
The next part of my Invention consists of various improvements in
weft motions and parts connected with them.
In one arrangement of weft motion I fix a shaft along and above
the breast beam and place loose on the shaft one or more levers
carrying forks which press on the cloth from above. Near the ends of
the fork levers and below them there is a cam shaft carrying cams or

page_text: If any part of the
down so far as to
eccentrics and receiving a vibrating motion from a spring lever worked
from the crank or tappet shafts, and on the end of the weft lever there
is a finger having below it a cam or tappet on the cam shaft and
opposite to a metal fixing on the front of the slay.
warp under a fork be without weft the fork falls
bring the end of its holder lever in contact with one of the cams or
eccentrics, which stops the vibration of the cam shaft and causes the
finger on the weft lever to be raised by its cam and there held until
the slay comes forward and causes the metal fixing to move the finger
and weft lever, and cause the stoppage of the loom in the usual manner.
In those looms in which the shuttles run on bowls or wheels I fix
small grates in various parts in the length of the slay immediately in
the race of the shuttle and between the bowls or wheels.
These grates
are about one-half inch high and are placed opposite the forks of the
ordinary weft motion for enabling the weft to act on the fork and
prevent the stoppage of the loom. If the weft is broken or absent
the forks pass through the grates and the loom is stopped in the usual
manner.
I now describe another improved weft motion applicable to looms
without tappet shafts. From the ordinary weft lever projects a holder
carrying a box or recessed frame to which is jointed an upright double
lever, the top of the box or recess allowing the top arm of the lever a
certain amount of play unless prevented. At the end of the box farthest
from the weft lever I joint an ordinary weft fork having its tail end
entered into the box or recess and unless the tail is raised the play of
the upright lever is prevented. I fix on the slay a small bracket and
joint to it a horizontal lever which is made to vibrate by being con-
nected at the tail end with the ordinary check strap. When the loom
is working and there is no breakage or absence of weft the tail end
of the fork rises at each stroke, the horizontal lever striking the bottom
arm of the upright lever and causing it to vibrate, there being suflicient
space in the box or recess in consequence of the rising of the tail of
the fork. If the weft is broken or absent then the tail end of the fork
falls into the box and the upright lever cannot vibrate when struck,
and therefore the lever box and weft lever all move together, the weft
lever stopping the loom in the ordinary manner. In under pick looms
not having a check strap I give motion to the horizontal lever by con-
necting it by a strap with one or both of the picking sticks.

page_text: Another of my improvements consists in an alteration of the present
web motion for enabling the fork to be much lighter and more sensitive
when feeling for the absence of weft. I use the ordinary weft lever and
sector hammer, and make the fork with its swivel joint as at present, or,
place the swivel joint immediately above the prongs, and neck the weft
grate to suit it.
The tail of the fork is made without a hook, it being
only intended to raise the end of a small catch lever jointed to a rod
fixed to the weft lever, which small lever constitutes the catch working
into the sector hammer. The holder carrying the fork I make cranked
instead of strait, and form it either as a spring or make it rigid, and
either attach it to the weft lever or to the breast beam of the loom.
If
the weft is broken or absent the fork instead of being moved remains
stationary, and its tail does not lift the small catch lever, so that when
the sector hammer comes forward it presses the catch lever and moves
back the weft lever, which causes the stoppage of the looms in the usual
manner. By making the fork holder cranked instead of straight I
prevent the shuttle from being caught between it and the temple, and
by making it a spring instead of being rigid it can give way if the
shuttle should be caught between the fork and the weft grate, and by
attaching it to the breast beam the fork can be held in one straight
position. I also dispense with the slot usually made in the slay to allow
the working of the fork, and support the weft by one or more bristles
carried by a bracket fixed to the front of the slay. The bristles project
across and above the slay, and as the shuttle passes along the race board
it pushes them aside, but after it has passed them they spring back to
their original position and hold up the weft, and as the tip of the weft
fork nearly touches the slay the fork is sure to press against the weft
when it is not broken or absent.
I now describe another of my improved weft motions. At the front
of the, shuttle I place a small two-armed lever, having at one end an
eye and at the other end an upright pin, near the end of which the
shuttle is hollowed out, and the weft when whole and working passes
through the before-mentioned eye and keeps the end of the upright pin
lovel with the bottom of the hollowed part of the shuttle. I attach a
thread or threads to a fixing or fixings between the healds and the slay,
and bring the thread or threads forward to a small spring, which clips
and holds them, and from this spring a cord is carried to the top of a
small L shaped lever jointed to a fixing, the bottom end of the lever

page_text: being in front of a projection on the spring handle, and opposite to a
projection on the slay, and the before-mentioned thread or threads are
placed so as to rub on the shuttle as it passes along. When the weft is
bioken or absent the arm and eye in the two-armed lever placed on the
shuttle drops and causes the pin at the other end to rise above the
bottom of the hollowed part and catch one of the before-mentioned
threads and pull it out of the spring which clipped it, and then the
bottom arm of the L lever falls between the projection on the spring
handle and the slay, and when the latter comes forward its projection
strikes the lever, which pressing the projection on the spring handle
knocks the latter off and stops the loom, the bottom arm of the L lever
being formed as a spring, so as to yield to the blow of the slay.
In another arrangement I joint to the front of the shuttle or small
Llever with the bottom arm cranked to form an upright pin, and the
top arm kept up by the weft pressing against it. If the weft is broken
oi absent the top arm will move forward and the bottom arm down, so
that the pin part will protrude through the bottom of the shuttle. Or I
place in the shuttle an upright pin working in guides, and having near
its upper end a small projection which rests on the weft when present,
but if absent or broken the pin falls and protrudes through the bottom
of the shuttle, and the object of both of these arrangements is to have
an end of a pin protruding from the bottom of the shuttle when there
is breakage or absent of weft. In the centre of the race of the shuttle
and at different parts of the lengths of the slay I employ small tumbler
levers working on pivots below the surface of the race board, the ends of
the levers only projecting through. These levers are coupled together
by a rod or wire working in a groove in the centre of the race board or
outside the slay, and when there is breakage or absence of weft their
ends are caught and moved by the end of the pin projecting from the
shuttle. To the ordinary weft lever I fix a stud, which when one of
the levers has been struck and moved by the pin shall be opposite the
endmost lever, so that when the slay comes forward the lever shall strike
the stud and move back the weft lever, which causes the stoppage of the
loom in the ordinary manner. Or to the pivot of the endmost lever I
joint another lever which comes outside the front of the slay and acts on
a stud on the ordinary weft lever.
My next improvement consists in making the weft fork, weft grate,
and fork holder from sheet steel or other metal, and stamping them out

page_text: at once, and the places for the joints in the fork and fork holder are
formed by lugs bent up or down after the article has been stamped out
flat. When necessary I stamp the fork and fork holder so that they can
have ribs or ridges in order to stiffen them, and by the above method of
stamping from sheet metal the articles can be produced both cheaper
and lighter than by the present mode of manufacture.
My next improvement consists in adapting a check strap to an under-
pick loom. From near the bottom of one picking stick I carry a long
strap to a corresponding part of the other picking stick, and on the slay
sword I fix short straps fastened by buckles to the long strap, and
acting as stops for preventing the picking sticks from going too far; or
I fix brackets on the slay swords and buckle the long strap to them.
From the centre of the swing rail I carry a bracket having at the top a
fork with two prongs between which the long strap is placed, and by
turning the prongs against the sides of the strap I obtain a drag, by
which in combination with the stops and coupling one stick to the other
I produce the necessary amount of check.
I now describe various improvements connected with the breaks of
looms.
The block pressing on the fly wheel I make square, with the four
edges hollowed to fit the circumference of the wheel, which edges are
covered with leather or not, as may be required. The block at the
centre has a pin fitted to the end of the break lever, in which there is a
set screw for holding the pin tight. The object of the block having four
edges is that when one edge or leather is worn out another edge may be
turned to the fly wheel and the pin held by the set screw.
Another improvement consists in working a break by means of a
wedge. Near the Oy wheel to be acted upon I place a break block to
slide or hang, and near the block there is a bracket fixed to the loom
side. Between the break block and the bracket I have a wedge attached
to the end of the break lever, and when the break is to be applied to
_motion of the break lever forces the wedge between the fixed bracket
and the break block and presses the latter upon the wheel.
Another improvement consists in forming the circumference of the
break wheel with a series of small grooves not so sharp at the edges as
to scrape the surface of the break block but still sufficiently sharp to
enable the break block to have a better grip or bite than if the wheel
were plain.

page_text: My next improvements relate to the raceboard of the slay, to the slay
cap, and the shed rods.. I fórm the raceboard of the loom with a
rounded or bevilled edge next the reed, by which means I avoid having
the edge so much cut by the yarn as at present, and I fix screws or
blocks in the side of the reed groove next the raceboard 'at 'alternate
distances, so that the bottom side of the reed may press against them and
prevent the dents from touching the edge of the maceboard.
I place
between the slay cap and each slay sword an india-rubber washer or
spring, which will enable the weaver, by tightening the bolt more or less,
to adjust the face of the reed with those of the back boards. Instead of
using two shed rods only as at present I employ two shed rods of small
diameters, and one opening or dividing rod of a much larger diameter.
By this means the yarn is less strained and the cloth receives a better
cover.
I now describe various improvements connected with the weighting
motion of looms. In one arrangement, after the weight ropes or chains
from their places of attachment on the loom have been passed round the
yarn beam the necessary number of times, I attach to their ends large
flat hooks in which I place a number of bars resting at each end in one
of the hooks. By the weights being composed of a number of bars I can
take one out occasionally as the yarn beam diminishes in diameter, and
so maintain a somewhat equal tension on the warp. In order to take
the weight off the warp at the time the healds are shedding I have, at
each side of the loom, a lever connected with a shaft carrying one or
more other, levers caused to vibrate by a cam,or. cams on the crank shaft.
On the end of one arm of each lever there is a small barrel to which is
attached one end of a rope or chain, having its other end connected to
one of the flat hooks carrying the weight, and in connection with each
barrel there is a ratchet wheel and catch for tightening each rope or.
chain. As the cams revolve they vibrate the levers and raise the weight
at the time of shedding, and thereby take the weight off the warp and the
strain off the healds.
:
In another arrangement of weighting motion I suspend to the weight
ropes or chains a bar to which are fastened large flat hooks carrying a
number of bars. The said weight ropes or chains are attached to studs
turning in bosses at the ends of the bar, and furnished with small ratchet
wheels and catches for adjusting the ropes or chains.
In another arrangement I employ the ordinary weight levers, but

page_text: provide them with the rope or chain adjusting motion before mentioned,
and to the levers I hook or attach large flat hooks for carrying a number
of weight bars. In order to make a lesser weight as effectual as a
greater one I make the rules round which the weight ropes or chains
pass slightly conical towards the outside, so that the ropes may, ship
down to the flanges at the outer side and exert a certain amount of
friction; and in order to make each weight rope or strap more durable
and more adapted to its work than those at present in use I fix it in the
inside of a chain, so that the chain shall carry the weight and the rope
or strap give the friction.
The next part of my Invention consists in various improvements in
the temples of looms.
In one arrangement I employ at each end the ordinary temple through,
in which works a roller smaller in diameter for some distance at each
end than in the middle, and on the smaller diameters there are tubes or
shells roughed or cut as a temple, and perform the work of templing.
The large diameter of the roller is of the same diameter as the tubes,
which are capable of sliding for some distance on the small parts of the
roller. The caps covering the tubes are fastened by set screws, and serve
to keep the tubes at the proper distance apart to suit the width of the
cloth to be woven, and thus 1 combine the advantages of the trough and
roller temple and the side temple. In some cases I make the aforesaid
tubes in two or three lengths for each end, and make the tubes single or
combined larger at that end which is nearest the edge of the cloth.
In another arrangement I apply levers to the caps of the tubes or
to the tubes themselves, and give the levers a vibrating motion by
cams on a shaft worked by bevil wheels, and so timed that the temples
or tubes shall be farthest apart when the reed beats up, by which
means a firmer hold on the cloth is maintained. In conjunction with
the above temple I employ a spring board or rail over which the
cloth
passes and rises and falls as may be required. To the above
and also all descriptions of temples I attach weights or springs or
levers moved by power to keep the rollers at a proper distance apart,
and I also cover the rollers where deemed advisable with a tube or
coating of india-rubber so thin that the points shall project through,
which coating shall provent in a great measure the prick marks caused
by the temple in the cloth. To the ordinary fluted roller temple I

page_text: apply a small cap or cover for the purpose of protecting the roller
for a short distance from the end from the wear occasioned to both
roller and shuttle by putting the latter in the loom and taking it out.
In the cap in which works the pivots of the roller and immediately
above the hole for the said pivots I drill another and larger hole that
shall touch the former, and into the larger hole I insert a plug of
metal or other substance, and as the pivot holes wear upwards the
pivot will wear into the plug, and when worn far enough the
plug is turned to present another wearing surface or replaced by a
new one.
In another arrangement I take the above description of temple
roller and cut or rough it in the middle, and place upon each end of
it one of the first-mentioned tubes or shells larger in diameter than
the middle of the roller. The tubes are capable of moving nearer to
or farther from the centre of the cloth but must turn with the
roller, by which arrangement the middle of the roller acts as a
driver to the ends and keeps the selvage well stretched; or instead of
roughing the roller in the middle a casing of india-rubber; may be placed
upon it.
In another arrangement of my improved temples I have at each
side of the cloth and attached to the breast beam a bracket which
comes above and hangs over the cloth. In each bracket there is a
shaft carrying at the end next the slay two eccentrics, to each of which
is connected a fork, and on the shaft there is a spiral spring between
the eccentrics and the boss of the bracket is underneath the forks
there are plates to support the cloth at those parts. Above the breast
beam and supported at each end by the brackets there is a shaft driven
by gearing from any convenient part of the loom's motion, which
shaft carries two mitre wheels working into others on the front ends
of the shafts carrying the eccentrics and giving motion thereto. When
the eccentrics revolve the forks connected to them move backwards and
forwards and their teeth sticks into the cloth at the first forward
motion, and when one fork is at the extent of its forward motion tho
other fork commences to come forward, and therefore the tendency
and object of the whole is to keep the cloth tightly stretched. The
use of the springs on the shafts carrying the eccentrics is to keep each
shaft up to its place and still allow it to be pushed forward if the
shuttle should stop opposite to it when the slay comes forward, and

page_text: I may here remark that three or more eccentrics and forks may be
employed when required.
In another arrangement instead of having a bracket and eccentrics
at each side of the cloth, I have only one bracket and two or more
eccentrics at the centre of the cloth, and the rods of the forks are
made long enough to enable the forks to reach near the edges of the
cloth. Or instead of eccentrics I employ small cranks worked by other
cranks having a vibrating motion imparted to them from any convenient
part of the loom's motions.
In another arrangement of temple I place in brackets above the
breast beam a bar or shaft on which slide arms or levers each having
a fork or comb at its end. These forks or combs stick into the cloth
and keep it at its proper distance apart by being pulled in opposite
directions by a strap, chain, or cord worked from some convenient part
of the loom's motion. The cord only pulls at the time the cloth is.
being beaten up, after which each arm or lever is raised and carried
back by spiral springs to its original position, and in order to enable
the forks or combs to seize the cloth the instant the cord begins to pull,
the cord is placed at an angle downwards.
The next part of my Invention consists in various improvements in the
shuttle of looms for weaving. Through the head of the shuttle skewer
I place two set screws screwed in from opposite sides and meeting in
the centre so as to lock and bind each other, the head of the bottom
set screw resting on the bearing pin. If the head of this bottom screw
should wear so as to cause the point of the skewer to drop the same
can be regulated and brought to its proper height by turning the
set screws. Instead of the wire pin at present used on which the skewer
turns, I bush the skewer head and fix the bush on a pin leaving the
head to turn on the bush, by which means I obtain a firm and durable
joint. At the heel of the skewer I drill a hole and fix therein a steel
pin so near the edge of the heel that when the edge shall be ground
off the steel shall form the heel and greatly improve the wearing quality
of it.
In another arrangement I bush the skewer head as before and
fix the said bush firmly by a pin through the skewer head and drill
a hole through the head into the bush. On the top of the skewer
head I hinge a small lever which carries at the end a pin working in
the last-mentioned hole, which pin when in its place will prevent

page_text: the skewer from rising because it cannot then turn on the bush, but
when the small lever is pressed down at one end the pin is drawn
out and the skewer allowed to turn, and thus the spring heretofore
used below the head of the skewer is dispensed with.. I also fix
underneath the skewer a bearing pin the centre of which is slightly
eccentric to the ends and which by being turned a little shall raise,
or lower the skewer as required.
In another arrangement I make the skewer head with a projecting
notch at the back resting on a catch working on an eccentric piri
and kept up by a small spring. As long as the catch is under the
notch the skewer cannot rise but if the catch is pressed back the
skewer can be raised as required:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Singleton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
SINGLETON, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of January in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred 'and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Singleton Her special license
that I, the said Thomas Singleton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Singleton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF YARN, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE
THEREOF INTO TEXTILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that,
I, the said Thomas Singleton, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Singleton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the figures and
letters on the accompanying five Sheets of Drawings, the letters referring
to each part separately.
This Invention consists, first, in certain improvements in sizing
machines and operations connected with them, and also in the manage-
ment of the size. In the sizing machines having cone drums I drive the
drums with one or more india-rubber straps coupled together in one or
more places, by which means the strap or straps can better adapt them-
selves to the angle of the cones.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1, I represent an india-rubber band cut in the middle
into two straps a, a, but leaving one or more parts uncut as at 6 to form
the coupling.
In all sizing machines I attach to each end of the first
dividing rod a weight or spring for the purpose of drawing the rod
forward towards the point of the separation of the yarn, so that when
there is a hard and matted place in the yarn the rod can recede and
prevent breakage.
The weighting arrangement of this improvement is shewn in Fig. 2 in
which represents one end of a dividing rod to which the weight dis
connected by the cord e passing over the guide pulley f.
In order to enable the warp to become thoroughly saturated with size,
I dry the warp effectually before it is immersed in the size, and for this
purpose I employ one or more cylinders filled with steam, and so placed'
that the yarn shall come in contact with them and be dried before
entering the size, 'and to prevent the steam from the size moistening the
yarn before sizing I place a partition in the size box. This arrangement
is shewn in Fig. 3 in which h represents the yarn beams; i, the drying
cylinder; &, the size box, and the partition.
My next improvement relates to the management of the size and is
represented in the side elevation, Fig. 4. In order to keep the size in
the sizing machine at once uniform level, I place in the size box k at the
required height of the size, an overflow pipe n which shall carry off the

page_text: surplus size, and conduct it to a pump o which forces it into the pipe p
that feeds the machine with size. The amount of feed is regulated by
a cock which is opened to admit a little in excess of what is wanted,
and the excess returned to, the feed pipe by the pump, and this pump
communicates with a pipe which extends to the bottom of the size box
to empty the box of size if required. I surround the cock which admits
size to the size box of the sizing machine with a cup containing tallow
for the purpose of preventing the cock from sticking and cause the cock'
to be opened and shut by a float or floats on the surface of the size so
that it may be self-acting.
.
My next improvement shewn in the front and end elevations and
transverse section, Figs. 5, 6, and 7 consists in an improved self-stopping
motion for warping or beaming machines for stopping the machine when,
a thread breaks or a spool is empty. a represents the end frames of the
machine; b, the warp beam on which the warp is wound; c, the drum
or driving cylinder; d, e, the front and back combs; f, the measuring
roller; g, the falling rods or rollers; and h, the front roller. At that
point where the warp has passed over the necessary rollers, and previous
to going between the dents of the front comb to the warp beam I fix
at the front of the machine two. or more edged plates or bars & over.
which the warp threads pass. The bars are a short distance apart and
at any part between them I place on every thread a small weight m
shewn about full size in Figs. 8 and 9, which weights are prevented
from travelling with the threads by the said metal bars. The weights
are supported by the threads, and if a thread breaks the weight it carried
falls down upon and passes between two rollers n, o, either fluted or plain,
extending across the machine in contact with each other; one of the
rollers n works in bearings in the end frames, and is turned by a strap
or gearing from the drum shaft of the machine, and the other roller o is
turned by contact with the driven roller n; the roller o is carried by two
metal arms or levers working on studs fixed to the end frames and con-
nected together at the top by a rod or bar, so that both move together;
the arms or levers are marked p, the stud on which one works q, and
part of the tie rod r, and any of the before-mentioned weights m in falling
between these two rollers is taken through and separates the rollers a
short distance apart. One of the arms or levers which support the
roller o extends downwards and carries a pin s behind the knocking-off
spring which is held by the ordinary detent in the bracket u when the
"

page_text: threads are entire and the rollers are in contact. When a thread is
broken or absent the rollers are separated by a weight passing between
them and the pin & on the arm or lever p forces the knocking-off spring
from its detent and causes the stoppage of the machine in the ordinary
The weights after passing between the rollers fall upon an
inclined plane which guides them into a box or they fall into a moveable
trough o, Fig. 7, and for keeping the rollers clean I employ two pieces
of flannel or cloth shewn at w.
manner.
In another arrangement I dispense with the tie rod r, Figs. 5 and 7
and fix the edged plates or bars & to end plates having pivots working in
holes or bearings in the end frames a, and fix to the pivots the arms or
levers which carry the moveable roller o, and when a weight m passes
between the rollers, the pivots slightly turn in their bearings and both
levers move simultaneously. For preventing the threads from getting so
low us to pick up the accumulated lint and dust called fluke, I arrange
the back comb with bars or small rollers placed at an angle and covered
with brush or flannel if required, and Fig. 10 represents part of a back
comb having two stationary bars of different shapes.
The next part of my Invention consists in improvements connected
with expanding and contracting combs.
In one arrangement I employ two expanding and contracting combs
exactly alike with the dents in each double the usual distance apart. I
place these two combs at a certain distance apart with the dents of one
opposite the spaces in the other, by which means I virtually make one
comb of the two by which I purpose getting a better sheet of yarn in the
machine for sizing the warps. In order to cover the opening through
which the dents come from the comb case of an expanding and con-
tracting comb, I place a strap of india-rulber upon or inside the comb
case and cause the dents to project through the strap, and by this means
the opening is covered and the strap contracts and expands with the
comb.
My next improvements relate to the winding machines used for
winding warpers' bobbins, I dispense with the gig or flannel rail and
substitute for it a broad mushroom leaded pin a, Fig. 11, covered with
flannel and made with a shank b which is passed into a small bracket c
and fastened by a set screw d, there being a pin for each thread or yarn.
The bracket is fixed on a bar or rod running longitudinally with the
machine and can be set to any angle for enabling more or less flannel or

page_text: friction surface to be presented to the yarn passing over it, and as the
pin can be turned to different positions a fresh surface of the flannel
may be presented to the yarn by causing it to cross the head in another
direction.
Another improvement consists in making the thread guide so that it
can swivel about and adapt itself to the particular angle of the thread
by means of a pin working in a hole or socket or a socket working on a
pm, as shewn in the sectional elevations Figs. 12 and 13, and plan
Fig. 14, in which f represents two of the thread guides, 9 part of the
traverse rail, and h one of the bobbins. The thread guide, Fig. 12, is
fixed to a pin i working in the socket k fixed to the traverse rail, and in
Fig. 13 the thread guide is fixed to the socket 2 working on a pin m
fixed to the traverse rail.
The next part of my Invention relates to loose reed looms, and consists
in various improved arrangements of mechanism for making the reed
loose when the shuttle is not properly boxed for preventing damage to
warp and fast for beating up the weft.
the
One arrangement is shewn in the back and end elevations Figs. 15
and 16, Sheet 2, in connection with the end views of detached parts,
Figs. 17 and 18. a represents sections of part of the end frames of the
loom; part of the slay swords; c, the back of the slay; d, the reed;
e, the swells of the shuttle boxes, and of the swell fingers. I place in
contact with one of the swell fingers f a stop finger g jointed to a lever
attached to a shaft i at the top of the back board k, and to this shaft is
attached a perpendicular arm having at the bottom a hook or notch m.
The reed binder n is connected to arms o fixed to a stop rod p beneath
the slay the said rod having at the back a wing q which can be held by
the hooked arm, and at the front a finger r for acting on a projection s
on the ordinary spring handle t, and to the bottom of the slay is fixed
one end of a spring u, the other end of which is in contact with the
under side of an arm at the front of the stop rod p; and when the
wing g is held up by the hooked arm the reed binder is close up to the
bottom of the reed, and keeps the reed fast. When the shuttle is not
properly boxed the swells and swell fingers f fixed to the rod w are not
acted upon by the shuttle, and the front end of the stop finger g is in
such a position that as the slay comes forward it comes in contact with a
notch in a fixed bracket which causes the finger to move back and
turn the lever to which it is connected, and also the shaft i to which

page_text: the lever is fixed, the effect of which is to turn back the hooked arm,
and remove the hook m from the wing g, which is then pressed down by
the spring u, so as to turn the top rod p and move back the bent arms o
and binder n, and make the reed loose; and as the wing is moved down
the front finger on the stop rod is raised so that as the slay comes
forwards the finger shall act on the spring handle t, and cause the
stoppage of the loom. When the shuttle is properly boxed the swells
and swell fingers vibrate by the action of the shuttle, and cause the
bottom of the stop finger g to be raised, so that it cannot come in
contact with the notch in the fixed bracket x, and therefore there is no
action on the hooked arm, and the reed remains fast. To prevent damage
if the shuttle should be trapped at the entrance of either of the shuttle
boxes, I attach to the stop rod p springs y, the tops of which are in
contact with hinged flaps z in the back boards, and when the wing g is
lowered the springs move back and the flaps are free to give way. When
desired instead of causing the reed binder to move back to release the
reed I attach the binder to sliding rods capable of being moved up and
down by levers on the stop rod, which rod carries a wing resting on the
hook of the hooked arm when the reed is fast. This arrangement is
shewn in Fig. 10, in which a represents the reed; b, the reed binder;
c, the stop rod; d, the wing; l, m, the hooked arm; e, one of the
levers; and f, one of the sliding rods. When the hooked arm is moved
back by the action of the stop finger g, Figs. 15, 16, and 18, the
wing d aided by a spring falls, and the leverse attached to the stop
rod c draw down the sliding rods f and reed binder b, and liberates the
reed a.
In another arrangement shewn in Figs. 20 and 21 instead of the
hooked arm and wing for keeping the reed fast, I have at the front of
the stop rod a a holding finger b, the top end of which is in contact with
a rod c working in brackets d fixed to the bottom or front of the slay e,
which rod is encircled or attached to a spring f and connected by a cord,
strap, wire, or chain & to the stop finger g, Figs. 15, 16, and 18. When
the rod c is maintained in one position by the spring f it holds down
the holding finger b, and keeps the reed fast, and the parts are in these
positions when the shuttle is properly boxed. If the shuttle should be
lodged in the shed the stop finger g, Figs. 15, 16, and 18, as the slay
moves forward comes in contact with the notch in the fixed bracket w,
Figs. 15 and 10, which causes the said finger to move back and pull the

page_text: cord, strap, wire, or chain h so as to shift the pin c in the brackets d, and
liberate the holding finger b to allow the reed binder to fall back, and
make the reed loose.
In another arrangement shewn in Figs. 22 and 23 I attach to the
bottom of the slay a brackets b, having hooks c which receive and hold
the arms & attached to the stop rode and reed binder f, and joint to the
stop rod a lever connected to the stop finger g, Figs. 15, 16, and 18, by
a rod, wire, strap, or chain. When the stop finger g catches in the
notch of the fixed bracket and moves back it draws or slides the stop
rod e, so as to remove the arms d from the hooks c of the brackets b to
allow the reed binder f to fall back and liberate the reed. Or to arms a,
Figs. 24 and 25, on the stop rod 6 I fix two duck bills c, and place in
brackets on the bottom of the slay d a rod or shaft e, carrying two
wings and a lever connected by a connecting rod i to the stop
finger g, Figs. 15, 16, and 18. When there is no backward action of the
stop finger the wings are in contact with the duck bills and keep the
reed fast; but when the stop finger is moved back by the fixed bracket
it pulls the connecting rod i and removes the wings from the duck bills
to allow the reed binder to fall back and make the reed loose. Or for
holding duck bills or horizontal arms c, Figs. 26 and 27, connected with
the stop rod b, and allowing them to be released as required, I employ
two catches jointed to the front of the slay l, which catches are
connected together by a rod m, communicating by a cord, wire, or
chain with the stop finger g, Figs. 15, 16, and 18. When the shuttle
is boxed the catches hold the duck bills or arms and keep the reed fast;
but when the stop finger g is moved back the catches & are pulled off the
duck bills or arms and the reed becomes loose, and when the reed is
again placed in its forward position the catches are pulled on the duck
bills or arms by means of a spring o, Fig. 27. Or I fix on the front of
the slay p, Figs. 28 and 29, two or more brackets q, each carrying a
horizontal catch r, which takes hold of one of the wings & connecting the
stop rod with the reed binder u, and keeps the reed fast. The catches
communicate with the stop finger g, Figs. 15, 16, and 18, by a rod, cord,
chain, or strap, which when pulled by the backward motion of the
finger removes the catches from the wings and allows the reed to be
loose, but when the stop finger g is raised there is no pulling action, and
the reed remains fast.

page_text: carrying the wings and reed binder, a back arm b which rests on a
notch c of a spring lever d, fixed at one end to a sword arm e, and
keeps the reed ƒ fast. This lever d carries a stop finger h resting on a
lifting finger fixed to the shaft k, which carries the ordinary swell
fingers, and the stop finger when not acted upon is in a line with a
notch of a fixed bracket L.
swell fingers give motion to the lilting finger i, which raises the stop
finger above the fixed notch 2, and the reed remains fast; but if the
shuttle is not boxed the swell fingers remain stationary, and as the slay,
comes forward the stop finger h catches the fixed notch and moves the
spring lever & back, so as to remove its notch from the back arm b and
allow the reed to be loose.
When the shuttle is properly boxed the
In another arrangement shewn in Fig. 31 Sheet 3, I have at the front
of the stop rod a an arm b acted upon by a spring a for keeping the
reed & gently in its place, and to this arm is attached a perpendicular
bracket e. At the back or front of the loom I hang a lever f carrying
a bowl & working on a tappet k fixed to the ordinary tappet shaft 2, and
joint to the lever one end of a perpendicular rod m having its other end
working in a guide a fixed to a slay sword o. As the tappet revolves
the lever and rod m rise and fall, and during one part of the motion of
the loom the top of the rod is in front of the bracket e and keeps the
reed fast, but during another part of the motion just before the time
for the reed to become fast the rod is below the bracket, so that the
spring can give way and allow the reed to fall back if it meets any
obstruction, and this arrangement I apply in as many places as may,
bo required.
My next improvement relates to fast reed looms and consists of an
improved mode of stopping the loom if the shuttle does not enter the
boxes. On the loom side I have a double sliding frog a, Fig. 82, and
at the back of one of the back boards or front of the slay b; a short
shaft from which hangs a lever d carrying a swell finger e with a
projecting end and also a pin g, on which rests the tail of a stop
rod finger i. Should the shuttle omit boxing the swell finger e
remains stationary and as the slay comes forward the projecting end f
of the swell finger catches one of the notches of the frog a and causes
the lever d to move backwards, so that the ping upon it shall raise
the tail and depress the front end of the stop rod finger i which as
the elay advances catches in the other notch of the frog a and slideą

page_text: the frog forwards which causes the loom to be stopped in the ordinary,
manner. .
Another part of my Invention shewn in the end and top views Figs.
33 and 34, consists in an improved mode of stopping the loom if floats
in the cloth are indicated by the shuttle flying out of its true course.
To the back or front of each back board a I attach a small bracket b
carrying a shaft c to which are fixed two horizontal levers d, e, the
longer provided with an arm f with two catches and the shorter with a.
balance weight h; 'and to both levers is connected a rod i extending from
side to side in front of the reed. To the ordinary weft lever k I fix a
bracket having a projection below which the front end of the longer
leverd passes when the shuttle is working properly, the lever being
kept in position by the upper of the two catches in the arm f resting
on the back board. If the shuttle rises from the race board of the slay
either from there being a float in the cloth or from any other cause, it
will strike the rod i at the front of the reed and raise it and the levers
d, e, so that the lower catch in the arm f can rest on the back board
which will have the effect of bringing the front end of the longer
finger & opposite the projection on the bracket on the weft lever k,
and as the slay moves forward the said weft lever will be moved back
and stop the loom in the ordinary manner.
I now describe various improvements in connection with picking
sticks and pickers. I substitute weights for the springs usually
employed for bringing back the picking sticks. To each loom side I
attach a small bracket a, Fig. 35, carrying a weighted lever b to which
the strap c from the picking shaft d is connected, and the weighted end
of each lever brings back its corresponding picking stick after it has been
struck forward. In under pick looms I make the bottom of the picking
sticks heavier on one side for effecting the same purpose as shewn at f,
Fig. 36.
I place a roller h, Figs. 37 and 38, of india-rubber or of any
substance found most suitable at the nose end of each back board i for
preventing damage to the boards by the shuttle, and the shuttle from
being damaged in return. I place at the end of each shuttle box a
bow spring k, Figs. 37 and 38, to assist and support the picker / when
receiving the blow of the shuttle from the opposite box, and by that
means keep the cop more securely in its place. Or I cause the picker
to be received by swells having springs pressing on them.

page_text: I place upon the picker an india-rubber or metal spring seating or
cushion, Figs. 39 and 40, having in the centre a hole through which
the picking band passes, and the peg securing the picking band rests
upon this seating or cushion. By this means the sudden shock of
picking is considerably lessened at that point, and effectually preserves
that part of the picking band. I bush the picker where it slides on
the dy spindle with a spiral spring m, Fig. 39, for the purpose of
protecting and preserving the picker.
I line the insides of the pickers used in under pick looms with india-
rubber, or other substance, and make the hole n in the lining o, Figs. 41
and 42, to suit the various positions of the picking stick, by which means
the shuttle will receive a fairer blow than with the ordinary pickers.
My next improvement relates to the taking up motion of looms, and
consists in substituting for the wire pin now used on the carrier wheel
stud a small lever or catch p or q, Figs. 18, 44, 45, and 46, jointed either
to a collar screwed to the end of the stud or jointed to the stud itself.
When the lever or catch is turned one way it keeps the wheel in its
place, and when turned the other way allows the wheel to be drawn
out of gear.
Another part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of
weighting the cloth beam up to the emery beam. I place each end of
the shaft of the cloth beam 8, Figs. 47 and 48, in the metal hook t
attached to a rope u, which is passed one or more turns round the shaft
of the emery beam w, and has a weight connected to it. By this
means the weight is near the front of the loom and can be easily attended
to, and at the same time prevents the emery beam from being pulled
upwards by the tension of the cloth. Or I pass cach rope round a
boss y cast to each bearing of the emery beam as shewn in Fig. 49,
or round a stud fixed to the loom side.
My next improvement relates to healds and parts connected with
them. Instead of forming the healds of single threads I knit them
with two threads a, Fig. 50, Sheet 4, side by side of fine yarn, by which
means I obtain a much stronger heald. Or when desired I knit one
half with single threads b, Fig. 50, and the other half with double
threads c.
Instead of the small wire hooks used at the ends of the heald roller
straps, and to which the healds are tied I use metal hooks d, Figs. 51,
52, 53, and 64, having at the bottom projecting shanks of three or

page_text: four times the diameter of the aforesaid wire books, by which arrange-
ment the strings from the healds are not so liable to be cut as at
present.
In some cases I dispense with the hooks and employ a rod f, Figs. 55
and 56, for connecting together the front heald straps g, and another
rod for connecting together the two back heald straps i, to which rods
the healds are tied, and wherever the strings may be attached to the
heald staves corresponding places can be found on the rods.
Another improvement, shewn in Figs. 57 and 58, consists in forming
the healds of a combination of metal and thread. I employ a number
of thin strips of metal or other material having two holes near each
end and two in the middle, and at one of the holes at one end I fasten
an end of a heald thread m, and then pass the thread one, two, or more
times through the holes in the middle, and afterwards fasten the thread
at one of the holes at the other end of the strip, and the coils n of thread
in the centre form at one or both sides of the strips eyes for the warp.
The strips are connected by pins o passing through the end holes to
metal plates p having spaces stamped out to receive the heald staves q,
and these plates and strips are rivetted in lengths of one or more inches
as may be desired, or I make each strip and-plate in one piece.
Or instead of the metal strips I employ two wires r, Figs. 59 and 60,
connected to the heald staves s, and attach a heald thread to them for
forming the eye. The outer ends of the wires are hooked or looped, and
to the outer end of one wire I fasten the heald thread which is then
passed one, two, or more times through the loops in the middle to form
the eye t and then the thread is carried to the other end of the wire and
there fastened.
In another arrangement, shewn in Figs. 61 and 62, I employ metal
strips and form the eyes by punching projections from the strips, the
spaces between the projections and the strips forming the eyes, and in
the bottom and top of the eye I lay one or more threads of heald yarn
for the protection of the warp and the heald.
The next part of my Invention consists of various improvements in
weft motions and parts connected with them.
In one arrangement of weft motion, represented in Figs. 63, 64,
and 65, I fix a shaft a along and above the breast beam b, and place
loose on the shaft one or more levers c carrying forks d which press on

page_text: the cloth from above.
Near the ends of the fork levers and below them
there is a cam shaft e carrying cams or tappets f, and receiving a
vibrating motion from a spring lever h worked from the crank or tappet
shafts, and on the end of the weft lever i, Figs. 64 and 65, there is a
finger having below it a cam or tappet, L. on the cam shaft e and
opposite to a metal fixing m on the front of the slay cap. If any part of
the warp under a fork be without weft the fork, falls down so far as to
bring the end of its holder lever in contact with one of the cams or
tappets which stops the vibration of the cam shaft e and causes the
finger on the weft lever i to be raised by its cam and thère held
until the slay comes forward and causes the metal fixing m to move the
finger and weft lever and cause the stoppage of the loom in the usual
manner. The cam shaft e with the cams or tappets may have a rotary
motion instead of a vibrating one, and when a lever falls it holds its
corresponding cam and causes the stoppage of the loom as before
described. In those looms in which the shuttles run on bowls or
wheels I fix small grates in various parts in the length of the slay.
immediately in the race of the shuttle and between the bowls or wheels.
These grates are about one-half inch high and are placed opposite the
forks of the ordinary weft motion for enabling the weft to act on the
fork and prevent the stoppage of the loom. If the weft is broken or
absent the forks pass through the grates and the loom is stopped in the
usual manner.
I now describe another improved weft motion applicable to looms
without tappet shafts. From the ordinary weft lever a, Figs. 66 and 67,
projects a holder b carrying a box or recessed frame c, to which is
jointed an upright double lever d, e, the top of the box or recess allowing
the top arm d of the lever a certain amount of play unless prevented.
At the end of the box farthest from the weft lever I joint an ordinary
weft fork having its tail end entered into the box or recess, and unless
the tail is raised the play of the upright lever is prevented. I fix on the
slay a small bracket and joint to it a horizontal lever i, k, which is
made to vibrate by being connected at the tail end with the ordinary
check strap 2. When the loom is working and there is no breakage or
absence of weft the tail end of the fork f rises at each stroke by the
action of the weft, and at the same time the front end of the horizontal
lever strikes the bottom arme of the upright lever and causes the lever.
to vibrate, there being sufficient space in the box or recess c in cor.-
'

page_text: sequence of the rising of the tail of the fork f. If the weft is broken or
absent then the tail end of the fork remains in the box, and the upright
lever d, e, cannot vibrate when struck, and therefore the lever, box, and
weft lever all move together, the weft lever stopping the loom in the
ordinary manner. In underpick looms not having a check strap I give
motion to the horizontal lever i, k, by connecting it by a strap with one
or both of the picking sticks.
Another of my improvements consists in an alteration of the present
weft motion for enabling the fork to be much lighter and more sensitive
when feeling for the absence of weft, which improvement is represented
in Figs. 68 and 69. I use the ordinary weft lever a and sector hammer b
and make the fork c with its swivel joint as at present, or place the
swivel joint immediately above the prongs, and neck the weft grate to
suit it. The tail d of the fork is made without a hook, it being only
intended to raise the end of a small catch lever e jointed to a rod f
fixed to the weft lever a, which small lever constitutes the catch working
into the sector hammer. The holder carrying the fork c I make
cranked instead of straight, and form it either as a spring or make it
rigid, and either attach it to the weft lever or to the breast beam i of
the loom. If the weft is broken or absent the fork c instead of being
moved remains stationary and its tail d does not lift the small catch
lever e, so that when the sector hammer 6 comes forward it presses the
Baid catch lever and moves back the weft lever a which causes the
stoppage of the loom in the usual manner. By making the fork holder
cranked instead of straight I prevent the shuttle from being caught
between it and the temple, and by making it a spring instead of being
rigid it can give way if the shuttle should be caught between the fork
and the weft grate, and by attaching it to the breast beam the fork can
be held in one straight position.
I also dispense with the slot usually made in the slay to allow the
working of the fork and support the weft by one or more bristles 2,
Figs. 70 and 71, carried by a bracket m fixed to the front of the slay n.
The bristles project across and above the slay, and as the shuttle passes
along the race board it pushes them aside, but after it has passed them
they spring back to their original positions and hold up the weft, and
as the tip of the weft fork o nearly touches the slay the fork is sure to
press against the weft when it is not broken or absent.
In another arrangement of weft motion, shewn in Figs. 72 and 73

page_text: I joint to the front of the shuttle a a small lever L lever b, c, with the bottom
arm c cranked to form an upright pin d, and the top arm 6 kept up by.
the weft e pressing against it. If the weft is broken or absent the top
arm b will move forward and the bottom arm c down, so that the pin
part d will protrude through the bottom of the shuttle. Or I place in
the shuttle an upright pin working in guides and having near its upper
end a small projection which rests on the weft when present, but if .
absent or broken the pin falls and protrudes through the bottom of the
shuttle, and the object of both of these arrangements is to have an end of
a pin protruding from the bottom of the shuttle when there is breakage
or absence of weft.
In the centre of the race of the shuttle and at different parts of the
length of the slay f, Figs. 74 and 75, I employ small tumbler levers h
working on pivots below the surface of the race board, the ends of the
levers only projecting through; these levers are coupled together by a
rod or wire working in a groove in the centre of the race board or
outside the slay, and when there is breakage or absence of weft their
ends aro caught and moved by the end of the pin d projecting from the
shuttle a, Fig. 72.
To the ordinary weft lever k, Fig. 75, I fix an arm l, which when one
of the levers has been struck and moved by the pin & shall be opposite
the endmost lever, so that when the slay comes forward the said endmost
lever shall strike the arm and move back the weft lever which causes
the stoppage of the loom in the ordinary manner. Or to the pivot of the
endmost lever I joint another lever which comes outside the front of
the slay and acts on an arm on the ordinary weft lever.
My next improvement, shewn in Fig. 36, Sheet 3, consists in adapting
a check strap to an under-pick loom. From near the bottom of one
picking stick a I carry a long strap 6 to a corresponding part of the
other picking stick c, and on the slay swords d I fix short straps fastened
by buckles e to the long strap, and acting as stops for preventing the
picking sticks from going too far. Or I fix brackets on the slay swords
I
From the centre of the swing rail f
and buckle the long strap to them.
I carry a bracket g, having at the top a fork h with two prongs, between
which the long strap is placed, and by turning the prongs against the
sides of the strap I obtain a drag, by which, in combination with the
stops and coupling one stick to the other, I produce the necessary
amount of check.

page_text: I now describe certain improvements connected with the breaks of
looms. The friction block k, Fig. 76, pressing on the fly wheel I make
square, with the four edges hollowed to fit the circumference of the
wheel, which edges are covered with leather or not as may be required.
The block at the centre has a pin m fitted to the end of the break
lever n, in which there is a set screw o for holding the pin tight. The
object of the block having four edges is that when one edge or leather is
worn out another edge may be turned to the fly wheel and the pin held
by the set screw.
Another improvement, shewn in Fig. 77, consists in working the
break by means of a wedge. Near the fly wheel p to be acted upon
I place a break block q to slide or hang, and near the block there is a
bracket fixed to the loom side. Between the break block and the
bracket I have a wedge s, attached to the end of the break lever t, and
when the break is to be applied the motion of the break lever forces the
wedge between the fixed bracket and the break block, and presses the
latter upon
the wheel.
My next improvements relate to the race board of the slay, to the
slay cap, and the shed rods, which improvements are shewn in Figs. 78
and 79.
I form the race board a, Fig. 78, of the loom with a rounded or
bevilled edge b next the reed c, by which means I avoid having the
edge so much cut by the yarn as at present, and I fix screws or blocks d
in the side of the reed groove next the race board at alternate distances
so that the bottom side of the reed may press against them and prevent
the dents from touching the edge of the race board. I place between
the slay cape and each slay sword f a plain or bevilled india-rubber
washer or metallic spring g, which will enable the weaver by tightening
the bolt more or less to adjust the face of the reed with those of the
back boards. Instead of using two shed rods only as at present, I
employ two shed rods of small diameters, and one opening or dividing
rod of a much larger diameter, as shewn in Fig. 79, in which?
represents the two small shed rods and the opening or dividing rod.
By this means the yam is less strained, and the cloth receives a better
cover.
I now describe various improvements connected with the weighting

page_text: In one arrangement, shewn in Figs. 80 and S1, Sheet 5, after the
weight chains or ropes from their places of attachment on the loom
have been passed round the ruilles m of the yarn beam n the necessary
number of times, I attach to their ends large flat hooks o, in which
I place a number of bars p resting at each end in one of the hooks. By
the weights being composed of a number of bars I can take one out
occasionally as the yarn beam diminishes in diameter, and so maintain a
somewhat equal tension on the warp. In order to take the weight off
the warp at the time the healds are shedding I have at one side of the
loom a lover q, fixed to a shaft carrying two levers s, which are caused
to vibrate by a cam t on the crank shaft z. On each lever s there is a
small barrel v, to which is attached one end of a chain or rope w, having
its other end connected to one of the flat hooks o carrying the weights;
and in connecton with each barrel there is a ratchet wheel x and catches
for tightening each chain or rope. As the cam revolves it vibrates the
lovers and raises the weights at the time of shedding, and thereby the
weight is taken off the warp and the strain off the healds.
In another arrangement, shewn in Fig. 82, I employ the ordinary
weight lovers a, but provide them with the rope or chain adjusting
mofion before described, and to the lovers I hook or attach large flat
hooks b for carrying a number of weight bars c.
In order to make a lesser weight as effectual as a greater one I make
the ruffles round which the weight ropes or chains pass slightly conical
towards the outside, as shewn in Fig. 83, so that the ropes may slip
down to the flanges d at the outer side and exert a certain amount of
friction; and in order to make each weight, rope, or strap more durable
and more adapted to its work than those at present in use I fix it in the
inside of a chain, so that the chain shall carry the weight, and the rope
or strap give the friction, as shewn in Figs. 84 and 85.
The next part of my Invention consists in various improvements in
the temples of looms. I make the temple tubes or rollers in two or three
lengths for each end, and make them larger at that end which is nearest
the edge of the cloth, and also when single tubes or rollers are employed
I make them of larger diameters at their outer ends, and I also cover
the rollers where deemed advisable with a tube or coating of india-
rubber so thin that the points shall project through, which coating will
prevent in a great measure the prick marks caused by the temple in
the cloth.

page_text: To the ordinary fluted roller temple I apply a small cap or cover a,
Fig. 86, 87, and 88, for the purpose of protecting the roller for a short
distance from the end, from the wear occasioned to both the roller and
In the
shuttle, by putting the latter in the loom and taking it out.
plate at the end of the cap in which works the pivot of the roller and
immediately above the hole for the said pivot I drill another and larger
hole that shall touch the former, and into the larger hole I insert a
plug c of metal or other substance, and as the pivot hole wears upwards
the pivot will wear into the plug and when worn far enough the plug
is turned to present another wearing surface or replaced by a new
one.
In one arrangement of temple shewn in Fig. 89 I place in the ordinary
temple trough a roller having a middle portion d cut or roughed, and
larger in diameter that the ends e, on which are placed tubes or shells f,
larger in diameter than the middle of the roller. The tubes are capable
of moving near to or farther from the centre of the cloth, but must
turn with the roller, by which arrangement the middle of the roller acts
as a driver to the ends and keeps the selvages well stretched. Or instead
of roughing the roller in the middle, a casing of india-rubber may be
placed upon it, or for light work the enlarged middle part of the roller
may be dispensed with.
In another arrangement of my improved temples shewn in Fig. 90
I have at each side of the cloth and attached to the breast beam a
bracket h, which comes above and hangs over the cloth. In each
bracket there is a shaft i, carrying at the end next the slay two
eccentrics k, to each of which is connected a fork l, and on the shaft
there is a spiral spring m between the eccentrics and the boss of the
bracket, and underneath the fork there are plates n to support the cloth
at those parts.
Above the breast beam and supported at each end by
the brackets there is a shaft o driven by gearing from any convenient
part of the loom's motion, which shaft carries two mitre wheels p.
working into others 9 on the front ends of the shafts i carrying the
eccentrics and giving motion thereto. When the eccentrics revolve the
forks connected to them move backwards and forwards, and their teeth
stick into the cloth at the first forward motion, and when one fork is at
the extent of its forward motion, the other fork commences to come
forward, and therefore the tendency and object of the whole is to keep
the cloth tightly stretched. The use of the springs m on the shafts

page_text: carrying the eccentrics is to keep each shaft up to its place, and still
allow it to be pushed forward if the shuttle should stop opposite to it
when the slay comes forward; and I may here remark that three or
more eccentrics and forks may be employed when required.
In another arrangement instead of having a bracket and eccentrics
at each side of the cloth I have only one. bracket and two or more
eccentrics at the centre of the cloth, and the rods of the forks are made
long enough to enable the forks to reach near the edges of the cloth.
Or instead of eccentrics I employ small cranks worked by other cranks
having a vibrating motion imparted to them from any
part of the loom's motions.
"
convenient
The next part of my Invention consists in various improvements in
the shuttles of looms for weaving. Through the head a of the shuttle
skewer b, Fig. 91, I place two set screws c, screwed in from opposite
sides, and meeting in the centre so as to lock and bind each other, the
head of the bottom set screw resting on the bearing pin d. If the
head of this bottom screw should wear so as to cause the point of the
skewer to drop, the same can be regulated and brought to its proper
height by turning the set screws. Instead of the wire pin at present
used on which the skewer turns I bush the skewer head and fix the
bush e on a pin, leaving the head to turn on the bush, by which means I
obtain a firm and durable joint. At the heel of the skewer I drill a
hole, and fix therein a steel pin f, so near the edge of the heel, that
when the edge shall be ground off the steel shall form the heel and
greatly improve the wearing quality of it.
In another arrangement shewn in Fig. 92 I bush the skewer head as
before and fix the said bush firmly by a pin through the skewer head
and drill a hole through the head into the bush. On the top of the
skewer head I hinge a small lever which carries at the end a pin i
working in the last-mentioned hole, which pin when in its place will
prevent the skewer from rising because it cannot then turn on the bush,
but when the small lever is pressed down at one end the pin is drawn
out and the skewer allowed to turn, and thus the spring heretofore used
below the head of the skewer is dispensed with. I also fix underneath
the skewer a bearing pin k, the centre of which is slightly eccentric to
the end, and which by being turned a little shall raise or lower the
skewer as required.
'

page_text: In another arrangement shewn in Fig. 93 I make the skewer
head m with a projecting notch n at the back resting on a catch o
working on an eccentric pin, and kept up by a small spring p. As
long as the catch is under the notch the skewer cannot rise, but if the
catch is pressed back the skewer can be raised if required.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Singleton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
THOMAS SINGLETON. (L.s.)