IMPROVE- MENT IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, CALCINING, PULVERIZING, AND CLEANING TIN AND OTHER ORES AND MINERALS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Borlase, of the Parish of Redruth, in
the County of Cornwall, Carpenter, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENT IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, CALCINING, PULVERIZING, AND CLEANING
TIN AND OTHER ORES AND MINERALS."
Sealed the 27th June 1871, and dated the 8th April 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Borlase at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th April 1871.
I, THOMAS BORLASE, of the Parish of Redruth, in the County of
Cornwall, Carpenter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENT IN APPARATUS FOR DRESSING, CALCINING, PULVERIZING,
AND CLEANING TIN AND OTHER ORES AND MINERALS," to be as follows
-
By the machinery herein described it is intended to provide a remedy
for wants which have been much felt in the dressing of metallic ores,
1 more especially the tin ores of Cornwall, but as to the dressing machine
and pulverizers, they will be found in practice of equal benefit in the
treatment of lead and gold and other ores.

page_text: The Invention is intended to supply a remedy for deficiencies by
providing a more expeditious and economical mode of washing ores, and
pulverizing the rough particles of ore, and also for burning or calcining
such ores as may require that treatment.
66
At Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is shewn my improved revolving
frame for dressing metallic ores. A, A, A, is a wood stand; B is a shaft
working diagonally, which may be set at any angle to suit the materials
to be dressed; C is a circular bed or frame fixed to the shaft B, the
diagonal of which shaft gives it the incline necessary for the proper
washing or dressing the ores under treatment; D is a shute or launder
for conveying the material to be washed or dressed into the gutter G;
E is a tooth wheel actuating a pinion having a crank attached to its
shaft for giving a reciprocating motion to the shute or launder D; F, F,
are clear water pipes for washing off the purified ore from the bed or
frame C into the launder or gutter I; G is a
"
⚫ head or gutter for
receiving the material to be washed or dressed and delivering it on
the circular bed or frame C; H is a launder or gutter under the inner
edge of the frame for receiving the waste from the bed or frame C,
from which it is conveyed into an ordinary buddle or over another
"frame" as may be deemed most expedient; I is a launder or gutter
under the outer edge of the frame for receiving the purified ore washed
from the "frame" into it by the clear water from pipes F, F, and con-
veying it into a receptacle as clean ore, or into a buddle or over another
frame as may be found most proper; J is a brush for assisting in
cleansing the ores while flowing over the frame; K is a bracket to carry
clear water to pipes F, F; L is a launder to carry the material to be
washed into the reciprocating launder D.
At Figure 2 is shewn a plan of the revolving frame, which may be
made of any diameter to suit the ores to be dressed, but I recommend
for tin or lead dressing the outer diameter to be twenty feet and the
inner diameter to be ten feet.
At Figure 3 is shewn a plan of the same showing how the recipro-
cating launder may be actuated, but other arrangements for giving a
reciprocating motion to a launder or delivery pipe or pipes for delivering
the material on to a circular bed may be adopted. The arrangement of
machine above described may be employed either for washing as I have
before described, or for reversing the order and washing the waste off

page_text: the outer edge of the frame, and the cleansed or purified orc off the
inside of the frame as may be deemed most expedient.
At Figure 4 is shewn a sectional view of my calciner and furnace ;
the fire-door is shewn in elevation, which otherwise would not appear.
This calciner is composed of a convex bed plate having a fire under-
neath its centre of sufficient size to heat the same to a strong red heat,
and having a plate or wheel revolving thereon, the object of which is
to bring every grain into contact with the hot iron so as to thoroughly
discharge the arsenic or sulphur therefrom, and also to brighten and
pulverize the same, rendering it more easy for dressing. The bed plate
may be of any diameter, but I recommend it to be of from three feet
to four feet diameter. A, A, is the circular course bed, which may
be either of cast or wrought iron, having two or more holes L, L, for
discharging the calcined ores into the pipes K, K, and having four feet
resting on the brickwork of the furnace M, M; B, B, is a revolving
plate or wheel fitting the bed A, A, having a hopper in its centre for
receiving the ores from the hollow shaft C, C; C, C, is a hollow
shaft for actuating the plate B, B, and also for conveying the ores from
the large funnel or hopper H into the centre of the plate B, B; D
is a slot hole in the shaft C, O, forming a passage for the ores from
the hopper H to the centre of the shaft C, C; E is a ram or stopper
fitting the inside of C, C, having a rod attached thereto with a screwed
end passing through the nut or wheel P for the purpose of regulating
the supply of ores into the calciner; F, F, is a cast-iron dome or cover
for furnace resting on the brickwork; G is a lid covering a man-hole
in the dome F, F; H is a hopper or receptacle for the ores to be calcined
having a bracket I across the top as a guide to the shaft C, C ; J is
a flue pipe leading from calciner to chimney or into repositories for
the arsenic or sulphur; K, K, pipes underneath the holes L, L, for
discharging the calcined ores, from which it may be conveyed imme-
diately into machines of any description for washing it and making it
fit for the market; M, M, brick wall of furnace; N, N, brickwork of
fire-place; 0, 0, fire-grate of furnace; P, nut or wheel for raising or
lowering regulating ram or plug E; Q, gear for actuating shaft C, C ;
R, plummer block of shaft C, C, which may be fixed to a beam of the
house in which the calciner is erected.

page_text: At Figure 6 is shewn my improved pulverizer for grinding and
pulverizing metallic ores and minerals; A is a circular convex bed
plate having four feet resting on a wood or other frame and to which
it is securely fastened; B is a revolving plate fitting the plate A, and
driven by the shaft D having a cup or basin C on its outer surface for
receiving the material to be pulverized from the shute H, from which
it is delivered on the plate A by twelve or any other number of holes
through the bottom thereof; D is a vertical shaft actuated by the bevil
wheel E; E is a bevil gear wheel for actuating shaft D; F, plummer
block for top of shaft D fixed to the top part of framework; G is a :
foot block or step for bottom of shaft D; H is a shute or launder for
cup
conveying the material to be pulverized into the
0;
I is a launder
or gutter surrounding the plate A for receiving the pulverized material
as it comes through holes in the outer ring of the plate A, from
whence it is conveyed to a frame or buddle to be dressed, washed, or
cleaned.
"
At Figure 8 is shewn my new concave pulverizer; A is a circular
concave bed plate with four feet resting on and secured firmly to wood
or other framework; B is a revolving plate fitting the plate A and
driven by the shaft C; O is a vertical shaft actuated by the bevil :
wheel E; D is a cistern or distributor attached to the shaft C having
six or any other number of shutes or pipes for distributing the water
containing the material to be pulverized on the outer part of the bed A,
which being caught by gaffs in the edge of the revolving plate B is
drawn between the two plates A and B, and by converging grooves is
carried inwards, the grooves being made incurvated enough to ensure a
motion towards the centre and thus overcoming the tendency to drive
the material outwards by the centrifugal force; E is a bevil gear wheel
for actuating the shaft C; F is a plummer block fixed to the top part
of frame for the top bearing of shaft C; G is a foot block or step for
bottom of shaft C; H is a shoot or launder for conveying the material
to be pulverized into the cistern D; I is a fixed cistern for receiving
the pulverized ores from the bed A having one, two, or more shutes
for delivering it into channels conveying it into "buddles" or "frames'
to be cleaned.
"

page_text: pulverized condition, the bed may be made so much concave as that it
may flow to the centre by its own specific gravity. But I prefer the
method I have above described. The plates may be of any diameter, but
I recommend from two feet and a half to four feet as the most con-
venient sizes according to the work to be pulverized.
filed by the said Thomas Borlase in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th October 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BORLASE, of the Parish of Redruth, in the County of Cornwall, Car-
penter, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Borlase, Her special license
that I, the said Thomas Borlase, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Borlase, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DRESSING, CALCINING, PULVERIZING, AND CLEANING TIN AND OTHER ORES And
MINERALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Borlase, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Borlase, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
At Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is shewn my revolving frame
for dressing metallic ores.
A, A, A, is a wood stand; B is a shaft working diagonally, which
may be set at any angle to suit the materials to be dressed; C is a
circular bed or frame fixed to the shaft B, the diagonal of which shaft
gives it the incline necessary for the proper washing or dressing the ores
under treatment; D is a shute or launder for conveying the material
to be washed or dressed into the gutter G; E is a tooth wheel actuating
a pinion having a crank attached to its shaft for giving a reciprocating
motion to the shute or launder D; F, F, are clear water pipes for
washing off the purified ore from the bed or frame C into the launder
or gutter I; G is a "head" or gutter for receiving the material to be
washed or dressed, and delivering it on the circular bed or frame C;
H is a launder or gutter under the inner edge of the frame for receiving
the waste from the bed or frame C, from which it is conveyed into an
ordinary buddle or over another "frame," as may be deemed most
expedient; I is a launder or gutter under the outer edge of the frame,
for receiving the purified ore washed from the "frame" into it by the
clear water from pipes F, F, and conveying it into a receptacle as clean
ore, or into a buddle or over another frame as may be found most proper;
J is a brush for assisting in cleansing the ores while flowing over the
frame; K is a bracket to carry clear water to pipes F, F; L is a launder
to carry the material to be washed into the reciprocating launder D.
Figure 2, plan of the revolving frame, which may be made of any
diameter to suit the ores to be dressed; but I recommend for tin or lead
dressing the outer diameter to be twenty feet and the inner diameter
to be ten feet.
Figure 3 is a plan of the same shewing how the reciprocating launder
may be actuated, but I do not confine myself to this plan nor to any
plan, but merely claim the sole right to use such a launder.
I claim as new or novel in this machine the fixing the shaft of the
bed or frame or buddle diagonally, for the purpose of giving an incline to
the bed frame or buddle.
Also the reciprocating motion of the launder or delivery pipe or pipes
for delivering the material on a circular hod

page_text: And I claim the sole right to use such bed or frame having a diagonal
axle for washing, as I have before described, and washing the cleansed
and purified ore off the outer edge of the frame and the waste off the
inside of the frame.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of the calciner and furnace, with fire-door
shewn in elevation, which otherwise would not appear.
A, A, is a circular course bed, which may be either of cast or wrought
iron, having two or more holes L, L, for discharging the calcined ores
into the pipes K, K, and having four feet resting on the brickwork of
the furnace M, M; B, B, is a revolving plate or wheel fitting the
bed A, A, having a hopper in its centre for receiving the ores from
the hollow shaft C, C; C, C, is a hollow shaft for actuating the
plate B, B, and also for conveying the ores from the large funnel or
hopper H into the centre of the plate B, B; D is a slot pole in the
shaft C, C, forming a passage for the ores from the hopper H to the
centre of the shaft C, C; E is a ram or stopper fitting the inside of C, C,
having a rod attached thereto with a screwed end passing through the
nut or wheel P for the purpose of regulating the supply of ores into
the calciner; F, F, is a cast-iron dome or cover for furnace resting on the
brickwork; G is a lid covering a man-hole in the dome F, F; H is a
hopper or receptacle for the ores to be calcined, having a bracket I
across the top as a guide for the shaft C, C; J is a flue pipe leading from
calciner to chimney or into repositories for the arsenic or sulphur;
K, K, pipes underneath the holes L, L, for discharging the calcined
ores, from which it may be conveyed immediately into machines of any
description for washing it and making it fit for the market; M, M, brick
wall of furnace; N, N, brickwork of fire-place; O, O, fire-grate of
furnace; P, nut or wheel for raising or lowering regulating ram or
plug E; Q, Q, gear wheels for actuating shaft C, C; R, plummer block
of shaft C, C, which may be fixed to a beam of the house in which the
calciner is erected.

page_text: block or step for bottom of shaft O; H is a shute or launder for con-
veying the material to be pulverized into the cistern D; I is a fixed
cistern for receiving the pulverized ores from the bed A, having one,
two, or more shutes for delivering it into channels conveying it into
"buddles or "frames" to be cleaned.
"
I claim as my Invention the delivering the material to be pulverized
on the outer part of the pulverizer, and conveying it to the inner part
in a pulverized condition either by grooves or by making the bed so
much concave as that it may flow to the centre by its own specific
gravity, but I prefer the method I have above described. The plates
may be of any diameter, but I recommend from two and a half feet
to four feet as the most convenient sizes according to the work to be
pulverized.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Borlase, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our
THOMAS BORLASE. (L.s.)