IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Moss, of Winchester House, Old Broad
Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT."
-A communication from abroad by Charles Theodore Klemm, of
Pfullingen, near Reutlingen, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg,
Gentleman.
Sealed the 31st May 1870, and dated the 15th December 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Moss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1869.
I, EDWARD Moss, of Winchester House, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
MALT," communicated to me from abroad by Charles Theodore Klemm,
of Pfullingen, near Reutlingen, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg,
Gentleman, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of two parts, & has for its objects improve-
ments in kilns or apparatus for the production of the pale or light brown

page_text: colored malt used in the manufacture of pale ale, and of coloring malt
used in the manufacture of porter beer.
The first part of the said Invention consists of a machine for the
manufacture of the pale or light brown malt, which is contained within
an iron case with double sides, and consists of five endless chain wire
sieves placed one above the other, having each a superficial are of ninety
square feet twenty-five inches, but which area may be increased or
diminished according to circumstances. The machine is supplied with
a distributor placed in the flooring of the loft over in which the green
malt to be dried is stored, by which the upper sieve is covered to an
uniform depth of from one to one and a half inches, according to
circumstances. The sieves are constructed on cylinders in a new and
peculiar manner, and may be set in motion by steam or manual power,
so that the malt is carried from the top to each lower sieve in succession.
The sieves should be moved from one cylinder to the other in 48
minutes, and the temperature of the apparatus kept at between 44 and
60 degrees Reaumer by means of a heated air apparatus connected
with the machine, so that the malt would reach the lowest sieve in
from four to six hours, according to the size of the machine, by which
time it would be properly dried. The apparatus being kept at the above
temperature and in continual motion, the malt being turned several
times in passing from the top to the lowest sieve, prevents the formation
of glass or steel malt. The apparatus may consist of more or less than
five sieves, provided they are moved at such a rate as to allow of the
green malt remaining from four to six hours in the machine, according
to circumstances.
The second part of the said Invention is an apparatus for the pre-
paration of coloring malt used in the manufacture of porter beer,
and is constructed in a peculiar manner different to that of the first
part of the said Invention, and heated by means of a common fire to a
temperature not exceeding 70 degrees Reaumer, and is composed of one,
two, or three half cylinders supplied with lids placed one above the
other, in which Archimedian screws move on hollow axles. The half
cylinders are provided on the under side with perforated plates, slides,
and drawers, so that the small shoots which are separated from the grain
during the process of drying and roasting can be removed at will to
prevent the malt from having a disagreeable after taste. Ventilators
may be used according to circumstances for the escape of the rising

page_text: steam, and the water from the condensed steam is carried off by gutters
fixed at the sides of the half cylinders. The upper half cylinder is
supplied with the grain to be manufactured into malt through a hopper
or some equivalent contrivance, from whence it passes through the lower
half cylinders in succession, and the screws within the half cylinders
being provided with small scoops or shovels the grain is continually
stirred up, thereby giving the malt an uniform color, and removing the
shoots. Any color can be given to the malt by regulating the time it is
allowed to remain in the machine. The apparatus can be worked either
by manual or steam power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Moss in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 11th June 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
Moss, of Winchester House, Old Broad Strret, in the City of London,
Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, hearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Moss, Her special licence,
that I, the said Edward Moss, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Moss, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KILNS OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF MALT," a communication to
me from abroad by Charles Theodore Klemm, of Pfullingen, near
Reutlingen, in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, Gentleman, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Moss, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to

page_text: be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Moss, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is. to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheets of Drawings which form part of this Specification:-
This Invention consists of two parts, and has for its objects improve-
ments in kilns or apparatus for the production of the pale or light
brown coloured malt used in the manufacture of pale ale, and of coloring
malt used in the manufacture of porter beer.
The first part of the said Invention consists of a machine for the
manufacture of the pale or light brown malt, which is contained within an
iron case with double sides, and consists of five endless chain wire sieves
placed one above the other, having each a superficial area of ninety
square feet twenty-five inches, but which area may be increased or
diminished according to circumstances. The machine is supplied with
a distributor placed in the flooring of the loft, over in which the green
malt to be dried is stored, by which the upper sieve is covered to an
uniform depth of from one to one and a half inches, according to
circumstances. The sieves are constructed on cylinders in a new and
peculiar manner, and may be set in motion by steam or manual power,
so that the malt is carried from the top on to each lower sieve in
succession. The sieves should be moved from one cylinder to the other
in forty-eight minutes, and the temperature of the apparatus kept a
between forty-four and sixty degrees Reaumer by means of a heated air
apparatus connected with the machine, so that the malt would reach the
lowest sieve in from four to six hours, according to the temperature of
the machine, by which time it would be properly dried. The apparatus
being kept at the above temperature and in continual motion, the malt
being turned several times in passing from the top to the lowest sieve,
prevents the formation of glass or steel malt. The apparatus may
consist of more or less than five sieves, provided they are moved at
such a rate as to allow of the green malt remaining from four to six
hours in the machine, according to circumstances.
The second part of the said Invention is an apparatus for the pre-
paration of coloring malt used in the manufacture of porter beer, and

page_text: is constructed. in a peculiar manner different to that of the first part
of the said Invention, and heated by means of a common fire to a
temperature not exceeding seventy degrees of Reaumer, and is composed
of one, two, or three half cylinders supplied with lids placed one above
the other, in which Archimedian screws move on hollow axles. The
half cylinders are provided on the under side with perforated plates,
slides, and drawers, so that the small shoots which are separated from the
grain during the process of drying and roasting can be removed at will
to prevent the malt from having a disagreeable after taste. Ventilators
may be used according to circumstances for the escape of the rising
steam, and water from the condensed steam is carried off by gutters
fixed at tlic sides of the half cylinders. The upper half cylinder is
supplied with the grain to be manufactured into malt through a hopper
or some equivalent contrivance, from whence it passes through the
lower half cylinders in succession, and the screws within the half
cylinders. being provided with small scoops or shovels the grain is
continually stirred up, thereby giving the malt an uniform color and
removing the shoots. Any color can be given to the malt by regulating
the time it is allowed to remain in the machine. The apparatus can be
worked either by manual or steam power.
The manner in which the Invention is to be performed will be clearly
understood by reference to the figures and letters on the accompanying
thrce Sheets of Drawings..
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 represent the first part of the Invention,
and Figures 7, 8, and 9 the second part of the Invention..
Figure 1 is a plan of the apparatus forming the first part of the
Invention;. Figure 2 represents a longitudinal section; Figure 3, a
transverse section; Figure 4, a front view of the sides, shewing the
machinery for working the rollers;, Figure 5, an end view, shewing also
the machinery for working the rollers, their casings, and the belt pullies
for working the divider, and the roller with shovels fixed in the dis-
tributor for bringing the malt upon the sieves; Figure 6, a section of
the furnace; Figure 7 is a plan view of the apparatus forming the
second part of the Invention; Figure 8 represents a front view; and
Figure 9 a view of the sides of the apparatus.
In the first part of this Invention, consisting of Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6, a is the tube or passage for the smoke for heating the air; 6 are
covers or lids, which may be used or not for regulating the draught;

page_text: c are the rollers and cylinders upon which the chain wire sieves are
constructed; d is the iron casing with double sides; e, the chain wire
sieves of the columns supporting the machine; g are the casings for the
extremities of the rollers; h are screws for regulating the tension of the
chain wire sieves; i is the machinery for setting the sieves in motion;
kare two belt pullies for working the divider and roller in the dis-
tributor; is the divider; m is a roller with shovels for carrying the
malt upon the sieves; n is the distributor or box through which the
grain is supplied to the apparatus; o are pipes or passages for
carrying off the steam and heated air; p are spaces for the passage of
the heated air to the machine; q is a chimney for carrying off the
smoke; rare openings provided with double glass doors for watching
the drying of the malt and for cleaning the machine; s is a plate worked
by a screw for regulating the supply of malt to the machine; 8, t, are
lids turning on pivots for regulating the escape of steam; 8, c, h, is a
funnel into which the dried malt falls after passing through the
machine; t is a lid, which is kept closed by means of a weight attached
when the dried malt is not passing from the machine; are the end
casings for the roller M; v are the end casings for the divider ; w is
the furnace for heating the apparatus; x are openings provided with
sliding doors for supplying the air; y is an opening into the air-heating
chambers, supplied with a door to enable a person to regulate the
draughts by means of the covers or lids B, and to clean the machine..
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The malt after having
passed through the ordinary processes previous to drying is supplied to
the machine through the distributor or box n, and any of the grains
which may have got baled or adhered together in the preparatory process
are separated by the divider I, and are carried on to the upper sieve e by
means of the roller with shovels m to an uniform depth, which should be
from one to one and a half inches,, and may be regulated by elevating or
depressing the plate 8. The sieves e are of chain wire, and are con-
structed on three rollers, the two extremes being sexagon in shape, the
sides of which correspond with the joints in the chain wire sieves, and
the central roller acting as a support to the sieves, which are set in
motion by the action of the machinery of screw spirals i on the cog
wheels connected with the rollers, as shewn in Figure 4, causing them
to revolve, which in turn causes the sieves to continually move from the
one extreme roller to the other, the two upper sieves moving from left to

page_text: right, and the two lower sieves from right to left, thus carrying the malt
from the upper on to each lower sieve in succession, turning it three times
in the course of its progress through the machine in falling from one
sieve to another, and from the bottom sieve the dried malt falls into the
funnel (8, c, h,) on to the lid (t), which it forces open by its weight, and
thence falls into any receptacle which may be provided to receive it.
The sieves should be moved from the one roller to the other in such a
time as will admit of the malt remaining in the apparatus from four to
six hours, according to the temperature to which the apparatus may be
heated, which should be from forty-four to sixty degrees Reaumer, but
should not exceed sixty degrees Reaumer. The machine is heated by
means of the furnace w, the smoke and heat from which passes through
the tube or passage a, and escaping through the chimney q. The air
enters through the openings x, traverses the passages p, and is heated
by coming into contact with the pipes or passages a to the requisite
temperature. The supply of air can be regulated by the sliding doors to
the openings x, and the draught of heated air the apparatus can
be increased or diminished by placing or removing the covers or lids b.
The covers or lids "6" are not essential to the working of the apparatus,
and may be used or not as may be preferred. The heated air after
passing through the apparatus together with the steam arising from the
malt passes out of the machine through the pipes or passages "o," which
can, however, be retained at pleasure by closing the lid 8, t. The covers
or lids b, the lids s, t, and the sliding doors to the openings x may also
be used in regulating the temperature of the apparatus. The machine
is also provided with openings r fitted with double glass doors for the
purposes of watching the process of drying and of cleaning the machine.
:
The machine, as shewn by Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 on the ac-
companying Sheets of Drawings, consists of four sieves, each containing
an area of 90 square feet twenty-five inches, but may be constructed
of more or less than four sieves. The area and arrangement of the
sieves and the machinery for setting them in motion is not confined to
the area and arrangement as shewn on the accompanying Drawings, but
may may be adapted to meet the requirements of any particular building,
and be constructed to dry any quantity of malt in a given time.
.
In the second part of this Invention, consisting of Figures 7, 8, and 9,
a, are the half cylinders uncovered; 6 is an uncovered half cylinder
shewing the Archimedean screw with scoops or shovels attached thereto;

page_text: c is an uncovered half cylinder shewing the perforated plate or slide through
which the shoots removed from the malt during the process of roasting
fall; d are communications or pipes for carrying the malt from the top
to each lower cylinder; e is an uncovered half cylinder shewing the
drawer P for removing the shoots. falling through the plate or slide; c is
the fire-place; g are the casings of the hollow axles; i is the machinery
of spirals for working the Archimedean screws within the cylinders;
k are belt pullies for working the machinery of spirals; are covers or
lids for the half cylinders; m are pipes or passages for carrying off the
rising steam from the half cylinders; n are the hollow axles; o aro
openings for cleaning the apparatus; p are drawers for removing the
shoots falling through the plate or slide c; q are channels or gutters
for carrying off the water precipitated by the steam arising from the
malt; is the passage or pipe through which the grain is supplied to
the machine.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The Archimedean screw b
contained within the half cylinders a are made to rotate by means of tho
machinery of screw spirals working in the teeth cut in a ring fitted on
the hollow axles, and the malt after its having passed through the
ordinary processes previous to roasting is supplied to the machine
through the medium of the pipe or passage r, which may be connected
with the steeping floors by means of a hopper or similar contrivance,
and falling upon the Archimedean screw 6 contained within the half
cylinder a is violently agitated by means of the scoops or shovels affixed
to the screws removing the shoots from the grains, which fall through
the perforated plate or slide c into the drawer p for removal from time to
time. The malt is worked by means of the screw and the shovels
attached from the right to the left of the half cylinder into the opening
and passage d, causing it to fall upon the screw contained in the second
half cylinder, and in the same manner the malt is again worked from
the left to the right into the opening and passage d, and falls upon the
screw contained in the third half cylinder, and is in the same manner
worked from right to left into the opening and passage a, and falls into
any receptacle which may be provided to receive it. The apparatus is
heated by means of the fire f, the smoke and heat from which is carried
through the hollow axles n, one end of which communicates with the
fire f, as shewn by the dotted lines on Figure 8 in the Drawings here-
with, by means of pipes or tubes connecting them with the firc-place f,

page_text: and the other extremity forms a pipe or chimney through which the
smoke and heat escapes. The steam arising from the roasting malt is
carried off by the pipes or passages m, and the water precipitated by the
steam runs off by means of the gutters q. The temperature of the
apparatus should not exceed seventy degrees Reaumer, and any color may
be given to the malt, cither by regulating the heat or by increasing or
diminishing the speed of the rotating screws according to circumstances.
The openings o are fitted with doors, and are provided for cleaning the
machine.
The machine, as shewn on the Figures 7, 8, and 9 of the Drawings
herewith, consists of three half cylinders, but this machine may consist
of only one or two half cylinders.
Both parts of this Invention may be worked either by steam or
manual power.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it
to be understood that the system and arrangement of the machinery or
apparatus herein-before and by the two Sheets of Drawings herewith
particularly described are claimed to be new.
And I also claim the right of applying this Invention to the drying
and roasting of any other grain, sceds, and substances for which it may
be suited.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Moss, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.