Improvements in the Manufacture of Plane Irons.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 24th Feb., 1890-Accepted, 29th Mar.,
1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Plane Irons.
I, CHARLES TAYLOR, of 197, Cundy Street, Walkley, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Edge Tool Grinder, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLANE IRONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies more particularly to the manufacture of Plane Irons for hand
planes and though technically termed Plane Irons, they are not necessarily
constructed of iron, as in some cases iron and steel is used, in others, steel only is
used.
There are various kinds of so called Plane Irons known in the Sheffield edge tool
trade; there is the Plane Iron which forms the cutter or blade of the plane and there
is the top plane iron generally called the top iron or back iron which forms the back
of the cutter and by means of which the cutter may be strengthened and adjusted.
There is what is known as a single plane iron, which is a plain blade, used as a cutter,
without a back or top plane iron and without slot, there is what is called a cut plane
iron, which is a blade used as a cutter having in it a slot by means of which it is
adjusted and attached to a top or back plane iron. The top or back plane iron and
the cut plane iron together being called a Double Plane Iron.
According to the ordinary process of manufacture, these various kinds of Plane
Irons are formed out of bars of flat iron or steel, which are first cut off to the required
length and afterwards by a second operation, one end called the tail end, has the
corners taken off or is otherwise shaped and in the case of cut plane irons or top or
back plane irons, by a third operation, a hole or slot is formed by punching or other-
wise. In top or back plane irons one end is bent or set over a little so that when
attached to the cutter it does not come in contact for its whole length, a fourth
operation is therefore necessary in the case of top or back plane irons to effect the
bending or setting herein referred to, (where iron is employed in the manufacture of
the cutter blade a steel bit or cutting edge is welded on to the same).
The object of my Invention is to manufacture these various kinds of plane irons,
from plates or bars of flat iron or steel or other suitable metal or metallic alloy so that
the cutting, shaping, bending, setting and punching operations, may be effected by one
process or that the cutting and shaping or the shaping and punching or the cutting
and punching or any two or more such operations may be performed respectively by
one process as the case may be.
I effect this by employing a hand or power press or machine fitted with a pair of
suitably formed tools, such tools, partaking of the nature of a die and bed, cutter and
punch combined or of dies, beds, cutters and punch or punches combined in one pair
of tools or combination of tools.
The bar or plate of iron or steel or other metal to be operated upon, on being
placed between such a pair of tools or combination of tools, fitted in a suitable press
or machine, can be cut to length, shaped at the end, bent, set and punched all by one
operation or by one stroke of the press or machine and in like manner similar dual or
triple processes as previously described may be performed simultaneously, thereby
saving time and expense in manufacture.
Dated the 16th day of May 1889.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Plane Irons.
I, CHARLES TAYLOR, of 197, (undy Street, Walkley, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Edge Tool Grinder, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PLANE IRONS" and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My Invention applies more particularly to the manufacture of Plane. Irons for
hand planes and though technically termed Plane Irons, they are not necessarily
constructed of iron; as in some cases iron and steel is used; in others, steel only
is used.
There are various kinds of so called Plane Irons known in the Sheffield edge too!
trade; there is the Plane Iron which forms the cutter or blade of the plane and
there is the top plane iron generally called the top iron or back iron which forms the
back of the cutter and by means of which the cutter may be strengthened and
adjusted. There is what is known as a single plane iron, which is a plain blade,
used as a cutter, without a back or top plane iron and without slot, there is what is
called a cut plane iron, which is a blade used as a cutter having in it a slot by means
of which it is adjusted and attached to a top or back plane iron.
plane iron and the cut plane iron together being called a Double Plane Iron.
The top or back
According to the ordinary process of manufacture, these various kinds of Plane
Irons are formed out of bars of flat iron or steel, which are first cut off to the
required length and afterwards by a second operation, one end called the tail end,
has the corners taken off or is otherwise shaped and in the case of cut plane irons or
top or back plane irons, by a third operation, a hole or slot is formed by punching or
otherwise. In top or back plane irons one end called the cannel is bent or set over a
little so that when attached to the cutter it does not come in contact for its whole
length, a fourth operation is therefore necessary in the case of top or back plane
irons to effect the bending herein referred to, (where iron is employed in the
manufacture of the cutter blade a steel bit or cutting edge is welded on to the
same).
The object of my Invention is to manufacture these various kinds of plane irons,
from plates or bars of flat iron or steel or other suitable metal or metallic alloy so
that the cutting, shaping, bending, setting and punching operations, may be effected
by one process or that the cutting and shaping or the shaping and punching or the
cutting and punching or any two or more such operations may be performed
respectively by one process as the case may be.
I effect this by employing a hand or power press or machine fitted with a pair of
suitably formed tools, such tools, partaking of the nature of a die and bed, cutter and
punch combined, or of dies, beds, cutters and punch or punches combined in one
pair of tools or combination of tools.
The bar or plate of iron or steel or other metal to be operated upon, on being
placed between such a pair of tools or combination of tools, fitted in a suitable
press or machine, can be cut to length, shaped at the end, bent, set and punched all
by one process, or by one stroke of the press or machine and in like manner similar
dual, triple or more operations as previously described may be performed simul-
taneously, thereby saving time and expense in manufacture.
In order that my meaning may be fully understood I may state that the operation
of cutting to length means cutting the plane or top or back plane iron, or, bar or
strip, from which it is made, to the required length.
Shaping at the end means cutting off the corners, rounding or otherwise shaping
the tail end of the plane iron or top or back iron.
The bending operation applies more particularly to top or back plane irons in the
formation of what is called the cannel.

page_text: The punching operation applies to either the plane iron or the top or back iron for
forming the holes or slots in the same.
The setting operation means the flattening or levelling of the plane iron or that
portion of the back iron which is not bent to form the cannel.
:
As here described it will be seen that in plane irons there are four operations
provided for viz. cutting, shaping, punching, and setting and that in top or back
irons there are five operations provided for viz.: cutting, shaping, punching, bending
and setting.
My Invention will be better understood on reference to the accompanying two
sheets of drawings, in which I have illustrated a pair of tools such as I use for
forming a plane, top or back iron, which requires the greatest number of operations.
The tools for forming a plane iron would be similar except that the curve (marked h
in the drawing) which forms the cannel would be omitted.
Fig. 1. Sheet 1. is a front elevation of a pair of tools for making a
back iron.
Figs. 2 and 3 are side and back elevations of the same.
Fig. 4. is a plan looking on the top of the top tool.
3
plane, top or
Figs. 5. 6 and 7 are front, side and back elevations of the top tool only.
Fig. 8. is a plan looking on the bottom or face of the same.
Figs. 9. 10 and 11 are front, side and back elevations of the bottom tool.
Fig. 12. is a plan looking on the top or face of the same.
Figs. 13 and 14 are front and end elevations of the front cutter, by means of
which the iron is cut to length.
Figs. 15 and 16 are front and end elevations of one of the back cutters by which
the iron is shaped at the end.
Fig. 17. is an elevation of the punch.
Fig. 18. Sheet 2. is an elevation of a single plane iron.
Fig. 19. is an elevation of a cut plane iron.
Fig. 20. is an elevation of a top or back plane iron.
Fig. 21. is an elevation of a double plane iron.
Fig. 22. is a side elevation of the same.
Fig. 23. is a plane of the bed for holding the bottom tool previously illustrated
(Figs, 9 to 12).
Fig. 24. is a plan of the same shewing the bottom tool in position with the takers
off (marked.m) by means of which an iron which has been operated upon between
the tools, may be prevented sticking or rising with the top tool in the upward stroke
of the machine. This figure also shews the guides (marked n) by means of which
the bar or strip may be directed between the tools and also the stop marked o, by
means of which the bar or strip or iron, when passed between the tools, may be stopped
or prevented from passing too far through the same.
Figs. 25 and 26, are elevations of the same.
Figs. 27, 28 and 29 illustrate the form of punch which would be used in forming
a cut plane iron.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views on both sheets
of drawings.
a, is the portion of the top tool by means of which it is held and secured into the
ram or movable portion of a hand or power press or other machine.
b, is the lower portion of the bottom tool which is secured to the bed or base of the
machine.
"c, is the front end of the tool and
d, is the cutter by means of which the bar .or..
length...
e, is the back end of the tool and
strip-or-plane irons is cut to
ff, are the cutters by means of which the corners of the plane iron or back iron
may be cut off or otherwise shaped.
g, is the punch by means of which the nut or stud hole is punched out of a back
iron, a different formed punch illustrated in Figs. 27 28 and 29 on Sheet 2, being

page_text: Pian
。 སས་ ---པ -ས I-
would be both adapted to the same.
is the hole in the bottom tool corresponding to the punch in the top tool.
h, is the bend in the tools which form the curve or cannel on the back iron.
: i, is a recess in the top tool to allow of the takers off marked m, in Fig. 24,
Sheet 2 being introduced between the tools for the purpose already described.
i.
"
j, is the bed for holding the bottom tool.
k, k, are lugs with set screws on the base of the machine by means of which the
bed is adjusted and held in position.
1, is a cavity in the bed to allow of the punchings falling clear of the bed.
m, m, are the takers off.
n, n, are the guides for directing the bars or strips to the proper position between
the tools.
(o, is the stop.
I do not confine myself strictly to the form or mode of construction or combination
of tools and appliances herein described and illustrated, they may be somewhat
modified and varied according to the nature of the iron to be made and to other
circumstances.
Note. Where the word iron is used as above and in other parts of this Specifi-
cation without the prefix plane or plane back, it is intended to signify either a plane
iron or a plane top or back iron as the case may be.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what I
claim is,
(1.) In the manufacture of Plane Irons, combining in one process the operations
of cutting, shaping, punching and setting or combining in one process any two or
more such operations substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
illustrated.
(2.) In the manufacture of Plane Top or Back Irons combining in one process
the operations of cutting, shaping, punching, bending and setting or combining in one
process any two or more such operations substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and illustrated.
(3.) In tools and appliances for the manipulation of Plane Irons during the process
of manufacture, so forming, constructing and arranging the said tools and appliances
that the operations of cutting, shaping, punching and setting or any two or more such
operations may be combined and effected in one process substantially as and for the
purposes herein described and illustrated.
(4.) In tools and appliances for the manipulation of Plane Top or Back Irons
during the process of manufacture so forming, constructing and arranging the said
tools and appliances, that the operations of cutting, shaping, punching, bending
and setting or any two or more such operations may be combined and effected
in one process substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
* illustrated."
(5.) Improvements in the manufacture of Plane Irons substantially as and for the
purposes herein described and illustrated.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1890.
.: