IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Samuelson, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of
London, Engineer and Iron Shipbuilder, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE SAME
"
Sealed the 8th July 1862, and dated the 25th January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Samuelson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1862.
I, ALEXANDER SAMUELSON, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of London, Engineer
and Iron Shipbuilder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND IN THE MODE OF WORKING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of four pumps worked by a
reciprocating lever or levers for the purpose of acting upon hydraulic or
hydrostatic presses used in the extraction of oil from seeds, nuts, and other
fatty substances, and in other operations of a similar nature.
In carrying out this Invention I place two large and two small pumps, that
is to say, one large and one small pump on each side of the fulcrum on which

page_text: the lever or levers work, causing a regular and unintermittent action upon the
rams of the presses operated upon, and thereby gaining a vast saving of time
and labour in such process.
I am aware that three pumps have been used in connection with a double
hydraulic or hydrostatic press, and that four pumps have been used in con-
nection with. three double hydraulic or hydrostatic presses, but by the
employment of this Invention I use four pumps in connection with one double
press, attaining the continuous action herein-before described, and avoiding
the necessity of using any stops in addition to those now ordinarily employed.
I prefer to use the lever motion, but the necessary alternating motion may
be given to the pumps by cranks, eccentrics, and various other mechanical
contrivances.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Samuelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
SAMUELSON, of 28, Cornhill, in the City of London, Engineer and Iron Ship-
builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her; most, Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alexander Samuelson, Her, special license that I, the said. Alexander
Samuelson,, my, executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Alexander Samuelson, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein, expressed,, should, and lawfully
might make, use, exercise and vend, within. the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC PRESSES, AND THE MODE OF WORKING THE SAME,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that, I, the said Alexander Samuelson,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my
band and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should,, par-
Invention, and in
-
en at 1:
107
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ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
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what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
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"

page_text: filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Samuelson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
pumping apparatus for hydrostatic presses, whereby I am enabled to work oné
double press by the aid of four pumps, producing a regular and unintermittent
action upon the rams of the presses operated upon, and thereby gaining a con-
siderable saving of time and labour in such process.
In carrying out my Invention I use two pairs of pumps, each pair consisting
of a large and a small pump. One of such pairs of pumps is situate at one
end and the other pair at the opposite end of a cistern containing liquid for
supplying the pumps, each pair being placed at opposite sides of the fulcrum
of a lèver which imparts motion to the plungers of such pumps; the plungers
in each pair of pumps being connected to one cross-head, which is itself
connected by a double link to the vibrating lever. The large pump on one
side of the fulcrum is connected to the small pump on the opposite side
thereof by pipes communicating with one single stop, and this stop is in direct
communication with one half of the double press, the other half of the press
being in similar communication with the corresponding stop of the other large
and small pumps, each single press having its own large and small pump and
single stop. For convenience of arrangement I prefer to place all the four
pumps in one line parallel to the centre line of the vibrating lever; and in the
same vertical plane therewitli.
Although I prefer to use the lever motion I do not confiné myself thereto,
as it is obvious that the nécessary alternating motion may be given to the
plungers of the pumps by means of cranks, eccentrics, or other mechanical
contrivances.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to all the Figures on the Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, the same
letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding
Figures.
.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation (partly in section) of
my improved arrangement of pumps and stops; Figure 2 is a corresponding

page_text: plan of the same; and Figure 3 is an end elevation (partly in section) corre-
sponding to Figure 1.
.
A is the cistern from which the pumps are supplied with oil or water;
B, B', represent respectively a large and small pump placed near one end of
the cistern; and C, C', are the, corresponding small & large pumps placed
near the opposite end of the, cistern. Each pump is provided with a foot
valve at 6, 6', and the plungers or rams of each pair of pumps are both con-
nected, as shewn, to the same cross-head D and D'; E, E¹, are, double, links
which connect the two cross-heads to the lever F on opposite sides of its
working centre or fulcrum G, as will be clearly seen on referring to Figure 1
of the Drawings. The cross-heads are guided vertically by the guide, rods
H, H, working in the guides I, I', carried by the pedestal supporting the
lever. Motion is imparted to the lever F from any prime mover by a link or
connecting rod jointed to the end for other convenient part thereof by a ball
and socket or other suitable joint. The large and small pumps on opposite
sides of the fulcrum are connected by the pipes K and K', which communicate
respectively with the single stops at L and L', thus the pumps B and C are
connected by the pipes K which meet at the stop L, whilst the pumps B¹ and
C¹ are similarly connected by the pipes K', K', meeting at the stop L'. The
stops are opened and closed as required by the handles M, M', so as to bring
the pumps into communication with the single presses or to shut the pumps
and open a communication from the presses to the cistern, a passage being
made leading thereto from each stop, which is so arranged that when elevated
the passage leading to the cistern from the press is open, and when lowered
this passage is closed and the liquid from the pump is made to pass round the
spindle of the stop and enter the pipe N or N¹ leading to the press in con-
nection therewith. 0, 0, are the ordinary safety valve levers in connection
with the large pumps, as is well known in this description of machinery, and
P, P¹, are the levers of the safety valves belonging to the smaller pumps.
I am aware that three pumps have been used in connection with a double
hydrostatic or hydraulic press, and that four pumps have been used in con-
nection with three double presses, but by the employment of this Invention I
am able to use four pumps in connection with one double press, thereby
obtaining the continuous action herein-before described.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein

page_text: before in part recited Letters Patent is; the general combination and arrange-
ment of pumps and stops for working a double hydraulic or hydrostatic press,
as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Samuelson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-two.
ALEXANDER SAMUELSON. (L.S.)