AN IMPROVED BUNG-CUTTING MACHINE
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Rayner, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Timber Merchant, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
BUNG-CUTTING MACHINE."
Sealed the 17th October 1873, and dated the 19th April 1873.

page_text: bung, and of any convenient length. Along or near to one edge of the
said table is an adjustable guide bar to retain the said wood in lateral
position, longitudinal position being secured by means of a stop piece
curved so as to fit the concave end left on the wood after a bung has
been removed. The said curved stop piece is attached to the table by a
swivel joint in such manner that the convex surface of a bung shall, the
strip of wood being pressed forward, cause the said stop piece to move
slightly to one side so as to allow the bung to pass; further motion of
the wood endways causing the stop piece to assume its former position
by means of the concave end surface of the wood above mentioned.
Second. A chuck firmly secured to the lower end of a rotating spindle
is provided to carry the cutters which shape the bung, the said chuck
being provided with a centre which rests on the wood when being cut to
retain it in position. The wood is held in position by a rose fixed on a
spindle underneath the wood, opposite the chuck centre. The cutters
which work in slots in the said chuck, arc, whilst rotating with the chuck
caused to cut into and through the wood by a cam and suitable con-
nections, driven by a belt and pulley, separate from the rotating chuck
spindle. After the cutters have penetrated through the wood the cam
ccases to act on the cutters through the connections, and the said
cutters are quickly withdrawn from the wood by the action of a weight
or springs. When the cutters have been withdrawn from tlie wood, the
action of the spring or weight still causes them to ascend until a sleeve
to which they are connected strikes against a collar on the chuck spindle
which serves to lift it, and with it the chuck centre, free of the bung
just cut.
Third. To prevent undue friction between the cutters and the slots in
the chuck from the centrifugal force, I attach a weighted bar to each
cutter in such a manner that the weight is on the opposite side of the
centre of motion to the cutter to which it is attached. By proper
adjustment of the weight, the centrifugal force which tends to move the
cutters in one direction is neutralized by the centrifugal force moving
the weights in the opposite direction.
Fourth. A rotating sleeve having cutters secured to its upper surface
surrounds the spindle carrying the rose above mentioned, and is in the
same straight line as the chuck spindle. This sleeve is caused to partake

page_text: of a reciprocating motion by a slotted connecting rod and excentric pin
whilst being rotated. The excentric pin is secured to the cam actuating
the cutters in the chuck. The sleeve and cutters are provided to bevel
the lower edge of the bung.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Rayner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
RAYNER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Timber Merchant,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Rayner, Her special licence that I,
the said Edward Rayner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Edward Rayner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED BUNG-CUTTING MACHINE,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Rayner, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Rayner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying

page_text: .
Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:
The object of this Invention is to provide a machine capable of cutting
wood bungs with rapidity and economy.
The construction of the machine is as follows:-
First. A table is provided to receive strips of wood to be operated
upon, the said strips being about the breadth and depth of the required
bung, and of any convenient length. Along or near to one edge of the
said table is an adjustable guide bar to retain the said wood in lateral
position, longitudinal position being secured by means of a stop piece
curved so as to fit the concave end left on the wood after a bung has
been removed. The said curved stop piece is attached to the table by a
swivel joint in such manner that the convex surface of a bung shall, the
strip of wood being pressed forward, cause the said stop piece to move
slightly to one side so as to allow the bung to pass; further motion of
the wood endways causing the stop piece to resume its former position
by means of the concave end surface of the wood above mentioned.
Second. A chuck firmly secured to the lower end of a rotating spindle
is provided to carry the cutters which shape the bungs, the said chuck
being provided with a centre which rests on the wood when being cut to
retain it in position. The wood is held in position. by a rose fixed on a
spindle underneath the wood, opposite the chuck centre. The cutters
which work in slots in the said chuck, are, whilst rotating with the chuck
caused to cut into and through the wood by a cam and suitable con-
nections, driven by a belt and pulley separate from the rotating chuck
spindle. After the cutters have penetrated through the wood the cam
ceases to act on the cutters through the connections, and the said
cutters are quickly withdrawn from the wood by the action of a weight
or springs. When the cutters have been withdrawn from the wood, the
action of the spring or weight still causes them to ascend until a sleeve
to which they are connected strikes against a collar on the chuck spindle
which serves to lift it, and with it the chuck centre, free of the bung
just cut.

page_text: t
centre of motion to the cutter to which it is attached. By proper
adjustment of the weight, the centrifugal force which tends to move the
cutters in one direction is neutralized by the centrifugal force moving
the weights in the opposite direction.
Fourth. A rotating sleeve having cutters secured to its upper surface
surrounds the spindle carrying the rose above mentioned, and is in the
same straight line as the chuck spindle. This sleeve is caused to partake
of a reciprocating motion by a slotted connecting rod and eccentric pin,
whilst being rotated. The eccentric pin is secured to the cam actuating
the cutters in the chuck. The said sleeve and cutters are provided to
bevel the lower edge of the bung.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a front view, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, the chuck being
removed of my improved bung-cutting machine; Fig. 3, a sectional
elevation, and Fig. 4, an end view partly in section of the chuck. In
all the views like letters denote the same parts.
Under the first part, a is the table; b, adjustable guide bar; c, stop
piece connected by a swivel joint or pin, not shown. These parts
employed in combination for the purposes mentioned constitute the first
part of my Invention.
Under the second part, d is the rotating spindle, having motion
imparted through the pulley e; f, chuck secured on d by the nut g.
The end of d rests on the wood when a bung is being cut in the
modification represented, but the chuck may be extended and employed
to retain the wood in position. h, rose for securing wood; i, cutters
caused to slide in the chuck f by the sleevej, weighted lever k, and
rotating cam l. Whilst the machine is in motion the cam 7 feeds the
cutters i forward, and effects the cutting of a bung, whilst the rapid
withdrawal of said cutters is effected by the weighted lever k. When
the cutters are fully drawn back the sleeve j comes into contact with
the collar m, and moves the spindle d away from the wood. The parts
mentioned operating substantially as set forth constitute the second part
of my Invention.
Under the third part n, n', are weighted ring bars secured to the
cutters i, serving to prevent binding of the cutters against the outside

page_text: angular surfaces of the slides in f, and also to reduce friction. The
weighted bars n, n', in combination with the cutters i and chuck ƒ con-
stitute the third part of my Invention.
Under the fourth part, o is the rotating sleeve with cutters at p;
q, spindle carrying the securing rose h. The sleeve is caused to partake
of a reciprocating motion by the forked lever 1, slotted connecting rods,
and eccentric pin t, the latter being operated by the cam 7. The rotating
sleeve caused to reciprocate substantially by the means described forms
the fourth part of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and par- 1
ticularized the same in such manner that others will be enabled to carry
my improvements into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the exact details shown, as modifications may be
made, for instance, the machine could, if preferred, be worked with the
spindle in a horizontal as well as a vertical position, but I claim, the
appliances substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Rayner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent.
Liverpool.
EDWP. RAYNER. (L.S.)