Improvements in or in and connected with the Means Employed for Carburetting or Vapourising Oil for Use in Oil Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 28th July, 1899-Accepted, 2nd Sept.,, 1899
Improvements in or in and connected with the Means Employed for
Carburetting or Vapourising Oil for Use in Oil Engines.
I, HERBERT AUSTIN, Works Manager to the Wolseley Sheep Shearing Machine
Company, Limited, of Sydney Works, Alma Street, in the City of Birmingham,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Heretofore it has been usual, in apparatus for carburetting or vapourising oil
for use in oil engines, either to place the oil supply tank at a sufficient height
above the nozzle through which the oil issues into the carburetter or vapouriser
to give a sufficient head to ensure the oil issuing as required through the nozzle,
or the required pressure at the nozzle has been caused by artificially produced
pneumatic pressure upon the surface of the oil within the tank. A valve has
been interposed between the tank and nozzle which is automatically closed
against the flow of oil from the tank, such as by means of a float or spring; and
this valve has been liable to fail in consequence of the sticking of the appliance
by which it is automatically closed, or of a part connected with or forming part
of such appliance, with the result that the carburetter or vapouriser has become
flooded, which has involved much inconvenience, and is attended with consider-
able danger.
Now, according to this invention, the need for an automatically operated valve
between the oil tank and nozzle, for the purpose of checking or stopping the
flow from the oil tank, is avoided, as is also all danger of the carburetter or
vapouriser becoming flooded; and this is accomplished by placing the oil tank
in such position in relation to the nozzle that there is no head of oil, or no such
head as requires a valve such as above described, above the level of the nozzle,
and depending entirely (or in practice substantially so) upon the suction of the
engine to draw the oil through the nozzle into the carburetter or vapouriser.
The nozzle itself is formed to give a fine jet as heretofore, but is surrounded
with a hollow cone which may be regulated as to its position in relation to the
nozzle. The inner or larger end of this hollow cone is constantly in communica-
tion with a chamber into which air may be drawn from the atmosphere, and the
suction of the engine draws the air between the nozzle, which is itself, preferably
or conveniently, conical-shaped, and the surrounding hollow cone, providing of
course that air is allowed to pass into the air chamber; and the rapid pass-
age of the air between the inner and outer cones tends to carry forwards with it
a fine stream of oil from the nozzle. If the outer cone is brought so closely
around the nozzle as to prevent the passage of air between the inner and outer
cones, the suction of-the engine will nevertheless draw a stream of oil through
the nozzle.
The stream of oil from the nozzle, or such stream together with the stream of
air which passes between the inner and outer cones, as the case may be, impinges
against the ordinary serrated cone, or other appliance used for the like purpose,
which is within the carburetter or vapouriser, and the oil is broken up into a

page_text: number of fine particles which rapidly vapourise, and becomes intimately mixed
also with any air which has been drawn through from the air chamber.
The outer or hollow cone, and the serrated cone or part used for the like pur-
pose, are conveniently fixed together so that they are both moved the same dis-
tance when the hollow cone is being adjusted in relation to the nozzle; and it is
convenient to form the hollow cone as an upward or forward projection from the
lower or inner end of a hollow cylinder or piston which is a sliding fit within the
carburetter or vapouriser, and to form the serrated cone as an inward projection
from the upper or outer end of such cylinder or piston, in which case air and oi!
which pass up against the serrated cone pass out through openings formed in
the upper or outer end of such cylinder or piston. The cylinder or piston which
carries the hollow cone and the serrated cone, or other appliance used for the
like purpose, is conveniently moved endways within the carburetter or vapouriser
by means of a spindle which is screwed through the upper or outer end of the
carburetter or vapouriser and has a hand wheel or the like fixed at its outer end.
Provision is made for admitting air into the upper or outer end of the car-
buretter or vapouriser, as is usual, and for regulating the supply of air both
into the air chamber and into the upper or outer end of the carburetter or
vapouriser.
A back pressure or foot valve is introduced between the oil tank and the nozzle,
to prevent back flow.
.
Improvements in or in and connected with the Means Employed for
Carburetting or Vapourising Oil for Use in Oil Engines.
I, HERBERT AUSTIN, Works Manager to the Wolseley Sheep Shearing Machine
Company, Limited, of Sydney Works, Alma Street, in the City of Birmingham,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
Heretofore it has been usual, in apparatus for carburetting or vapourising oil
for use in oil engines, either to place the oil supply tank at a considerable height
above the nozzle through which the oil issues into the carburetter or vapouriser,
or to artificially produce a pneumatic pressure upon the surface of the oil within
the tank. To avoid flooding of the carburetter or vapouriser, a valve has been
interposed between the tank and nozzle which is automatically closed against
the flow of oil from the tank, such as by means of a float or spring; but this
valve has been liable to fail in consequence of the sticking of the appliance by
which it is automatically closed, or of a part connected with or forming part of
such appliance, with the result that the carburetter or vapouriser has become
flooded, which has involved much inconvenience, and is attended with consider-
able danger.
Now, according to this invention, the need for an automatically operated valve
between the oil tank and nozzle, for the purpose of checking or stopping the flow
from the oil tank, is avoided, as is also all danger of the carburetter or vapouriser
becoming flooded; and this is accomplished by placing the oil tank in such posi-
tion in relation to the nozzle that there is no head of oil, or no such head as

page_text: requires a valve such as above described, above the level of the nozzle, and
depending entirely (or in practice substantially so) upon the suction of the engine
to draw the oil through the nozzle into the carburetter or vapouriser. The nozzle
itself is formed to give a fine jet as heretofore, but is surrounded with a hollow
cone which may be regulated as to its position in relation to the nozzle. The
inner or larger end of this hollow cone is constantly in communication with a
chamber into which air may be drawn from the atmosphere, and the suction of
the engine draws the air between the nozzle, which is itself, preferably or con-
veniently, conical-shaped, and the surrounding hollow cone, providing of course
that air is allowed to pass into the air chamber; and the rapid passage of the
air between the inner and outer cones tends to carry forwards with it a fine
stream of oil from the nozzle. If the outer cone is brought so closely around
the nozzle as to prevent the passage of air between the inner and outer cones,
the suction of the engine will nevertheless draw a stream of oil through the
nozzle. The stream of oil from the nozzle, or such stream together with the
stream of air which passes between the inner and outer cones, as the case may
he, impinges against the ordinary serrated cone, or other appliance used for the
like purpose, which is within the carburetter or vapouriser, and the oil is broken
up into a number of fine particles which rapidly vapourise, and becomes inti-
mately mixed also with any air which has been drawn through from the air
chamber.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood, I will describe the same
with reference to the accompanying drawing which shews, mainly in vertical
section, apparatus constructed according to this invention.
b
A is the cylindrical chamber of the carburetter or vapouriser, B is the nozzle
through which the oil is injected into the chamber, and C is the oil tank. This
tank, and a portion of the piping D through which it communicates with the
nozzle, are indicated by broken lines. The outlet of the nozzle is at the same
level, or substantially so, as the top of the tank or as the highest level into which
the oil is filled within the tank. A hollow cone E, having an opening a through
the apex thereof, surrounds the nozzle B. The base of this cone is connected with
a piston F, and no communication can take place from the lower to the upper
side of the piston except through the opening a of the cone. The piston is con-
veniently formed hollow, as shewn, with openings through its upper end. The
hollow of the piston forms a part of the chamber A. The portion J of the cham-
ber A which is below the piston F constitutes an air chamber through the bottom
of which openings care formed which are controlled by a regulator G. The
suction of the engine draws oil from the tank C and if the cone E is in position
to leave a space between itself and the nozzle B the suction of the engine draws
in air also through the openings c of the chamber J. The air, and also the oil
in the form of spray, pass out through the opening of the cone E, and are pro-
jected against a serrated cone H, of the ordinary description, which may project
from the upper end of the piston F, as shewn, or against other appliance used
for the like purpose. The air chamber J is surrounded by a hot-air jacket K,
which is in communication through the branch L with the exhaust from the
engine, and this jacket K is, preferably, carried up some distance above the level
of the bottom of the cone E. A. back-pressure valve d is seated within the piping
from the tank to the chamber A, to prevent back flow. The piston F, and con-
sequently the cone E, may be moved up and down within the chamber A by
means of the screwed spindle e which passes out through the top of the chamber,
and is provided with a milled head f, and with a milled locking-piece g to fix it
in any desired position.
17
Air may be admitted, as is usual, into the upper or outer end of the cham-
ber A, such as through openings h through the sides of a branch M, which are
controlled by a regulator N. P is the outlet passage from the chamber A to the
engine cylinder.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
=
1. Apparatus for carburetting or vapourising oil for use in oil engines, in
which the outlet of the nozzle through which the oil is supplied to the carburet-
ting or vapourising chamber is arranged in position not below (or substantially
below) the level of the top of the oil tank or the highest level to which the oil
is supplied within such tank, and in which the flow of the oil from the tank
into the carburetting or vapourising chamber is caused simply by the suction of
the engine, substantially as described.
2. In apparatus for carburetting or vapourising oil for use in oil engines, the
level of the outlet of the nozzle through which the oil is supplied to the carburet-
ting or vapourising chamber arranged in such relation to the oil tank that the
flow of oil from the tank into the carburetter or vapouriser may be caused simply
by the suction of the engine, and a back pressure valve arranged in the conduit
which communicates between the oil tank and the nozzle, substantially as described.
3. In apparatus for carburetting or vapourising oil for use in oil engines, the
combination of a nozzle with a surrounding cone between which and the nozzle
air may be drawn and enter the carburetting or vapourising chamber with the
stream of oil substantially as described.
4. In apparatus for carburetting or vapourising oil for use in oil engines,
the combination of a nozzle with a surrounding cone which is adjustable in rela-
tion to the nozzle and between which and the nozzle air may be drawn and enter
the carburetting or vapourising chamber with the stream of oil, substantially as
described.
5. Apparatus for carburetting or vapourising oil for use in oil engines, arranged
and operating substantially as described and shewn by the drawings herewith.
Dated this 27th day of July 1899.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicant.