matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF MOULDINGS, FRAMES, AND OTHER SURFACES FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Augustus- Charles
Koenemann at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March
1881.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS CHARLES KOENEMANN, of 9 and 10, Australian Avenue,
in the City of London, and of Cologne, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF MOULDINGS, FRAMES, AND
OTHER SURFACES FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture or ornamentation of
mouldings, picture, looking glass, and other frames, and other decorative surfaces,
and it consists in moulding, cutting, or stamping out, or otherwise producing an
open design or fret of any suitable character in plaster, composition, wood, or metal,
and separate from any ground, and applying it to a plain surface or ground
previously prepared by gilding, coloring, flocking, veneering, polishing, or otherwise
ornamenting and attaching it thereto by glue or nails, instead of moulding or
working the design solid upon the ground as hitherto practised.
One method of producing a design in composition suitable for the purposes of
my Invention is to mould it in relief upon a ground in the usual way, and
afterwards to pare it off and apply it to the gilt or otherwise prepared ground.
The design may be produced in wood in the ordinary way of sawing out
fretwork. If the ground be flocked, the design may either be made of one thickness
and applied to the ground before the latter is flocked, or the design may be made
of two thicknesses, of which the first is equal to the intended thickness of the
layer of flock and is applied before the flock, the second thickness forming the
relief design, being glued on the first after the flock is applied. If the ornamental
design or fret be made of wood, I may use different colored woods for the ground
and the relief design, the ground being either solid or veneered..
The advantages of my Invention are that the ground may be much more easily
gilt, colored, or otherwise ornamented, and may be burnished, polished, or other-
wise finished, so as to throw up the design and render it much more effective,
which could not be done when the design is moulded or worked solid upon the
ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Oates, William
Jameson, and Bernard Leonard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 11th April 1881.
WILLIAM HENRY OATES, Card Master, WILLIAM JAMESON, Mill Manager, and
BERNARD LEONARD, Carder, all of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES."
"
This Invention relates to the use of an appliance (hereinafter described) in
or "taker" in roller,
conjunction and combination with the seed and "licker"
whereby the fibre being supplied to the machine is freed from much of the husk,
grit, and dust, thereby facilitating the carding by rendering the stoppage of the
machine for the operation of hand stripping or cleaning the cards of the cylinders
not so frequently necessary as heretofore, with reducing undue wear of the cards
and less fly or waste.
"
"
According to this our said Invention, we apply and employ at a position between
the feed and "licker in or taking in rollers, a comb or bar having teeth, pegs, or
pins therein, forming a grating extending across the machine, and about parallel
with the "taker in " roller, and through the space between the teeth, pins, or pegs,
the husk, grit, and dust falls as beaten or shaken out of the fibre by the rotary
action of the feed or licker in roller whilst feeding, that is to say, in laying hold
upon and separating the feed supply of fibre from the bulk or main feed supply.
The toothed or pin rail is provided with slotted lugs or appliances, by means of
which and its attachments it may be adjusted to any desired angle or position
relative to the feed and to the licker in or taking in rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR IMPARTING MOTION TO VENTILATING, PUMPING, AND OTHER APPLIANCES ON BOARD SHIP
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ducat Robertson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1881.
GEORGE DUCAT ROBERTSON, of Palace Chambers, St. Stephen's, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR IMPARTING MOTION TO VENTILATING, PUMPING, AND OTHER APPLIANCES ON
BOARD SHIP."
The Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for utilizing the rolling and
pitching motion of ships for the purpose of imparting motion to various appliances
on board thereof, which it may be necessary to keep in more or less continual
movement, such as, for example, ventilating, pumping, or other appliances, and
consists in the employment of a balance beam free to oscillate on a centre pin or
bearing carried by any convenient part of the ship. The said balance beam is
preferably so loaded and adjusted that when left to itself it remains in the hori-
zontal position, and continues to remain in the same position, or tends to so remain,
by the combined action of the inertia and gravity of its parts when the ship rolls
or pitches. The said balance beam is connected by rods, chains, cords, toothed
racks and wheels, ratchets and pawls, or other well known mechanical devices or
combinations thereof, to the working parts of the ventilating, pumping, or other
appliances in such manner that as the ship rolls or pitches the parts of the
aforesaid appliances attached to the ship are caused to move in relation to the
parts connected to the balance beam so as to produce the result which the relative
motions of the parts are intended to effect.
Instead of a balance beam, as above described, I sometimes employ a heavy
weight suspended in gimbals or by means of a universal joint so that it may hang
vertically as the ship rolls or pitches; and I connect the said weight or the rod
supporting it by chains, cords, or other suitable mechanical devices to the
ventilators, pumps, or other appliances which it may be desired to put in motion,
and preferably these appliances may be arranged in such number and in such
positions that in whatever direction the ship may roll or pitch one at least of the
Prins 971
.

page_text: said appliances shall be effectually operated. Suitable guides may be attached to
the ship for the purpose of guiding or limiting the relative motions of the ship and
weight.
When employing in connexion with the above described machinery or apparatus
ventilating or pumping appliances in which one part slides in another after the
manner of a piston or plunger, I prefer to employ the packing known as "the
rolling rubber packing," for the purpose of maintaining an air or liquid tight
joint between such piston or plunger like parts and the sides of the vessel or
chamber against which they slide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE SUPPORTS FOR SMALL LOOKING-GLASSES, PHOTOGRAPH-FRAMES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ambrose Brydges at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1881. A com-
munication by N. Wiederer of the Town of Fürth in the Kingdom of Bavaria
and German Empire.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES of the Firm of Brydges & Co. Engineers and Patent
Solicitors of 73 Koeniggraetzer St. in the City of Berlin in the Kingdom of
Prussia and German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE SUPPORTS FOR
SMALL LOOKING-GLASSES, PHOTOGRAPH-FRAMES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
A communication by N. Wiederer of the Town of Fürth in the Kingdom of
Bavaria and German Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in adjustable supports or stays for
looking-glasses, photograph-frames and other similar articles.
The object of this said Invention is to construct the said support or stay in
such a manner that the looking glass photograph frame or other article is held
in any desired position and so that the same acts likewise as handle to the said
article.
The support stay or handle is made of strong bent wire or a thin metal bar so
that the one end, which is conically formed, fits into a corresponding cavity in the
opposite end of the said metallic support, stay or handle.
A suitable shell, case or cylindrically formed piece of metal fits over the one arm
of the support stay or handle and over a spring or springs attached in a cavity or
cavities or recess or recesses in the arm of the said support stay or handle.
This said spring or these said springs in the arm of the said support stay or
handle produce so much friction between their surfaces-the surface of the arm
and the inner surface of the case, shell or cylindrically formed piece of metal that
the said support stay or handle remains in any position given to the same.
NEW OR IMPROVED COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT AND CURE OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN ANIMALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William House at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1881.
CHARLES WILLIAM HOUSE, of Gosport, in the County of Hants.
"NEW OR
IMPROVED COMPOUNDS FOR THE TREATMENT AND CURE OF FOOT AND MOUTH
DISEASE IN ANIMALS."
This Invention relates to the treatment and cure of the foot and mouth disease
in animals by the use of the following compounds, in the proportions stated or
thereabouts, which I have tried and found a certain cure:―
Lotion for the feet,―
1 pint Stockholm tar.
1 oz. sulphuric acid.
1 oz. borax.
To be well mixed together and applied with a brush or feather to the sore
IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO TELEPHONES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwin Irish at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1881.
WILLIAM EDWIN IRISH, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO TELEPHONES."
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in or applicable to tele-
phones, has especial reference to the construction thereof, without the provision or
necessity for permanent or electro magnets with which they have hitherto been
made.
According to a very advantageous modification of carrying my Invention into
practical effect, I mount the usual vibrating diaphragm (consisting of a thin sheet
or disc of metal, wood, ebonite, mica, or other suitable material), preferably on a
rigid metal frame or ring, which is suitably secured to the inside of a containing
case, the latter being furnished with a suitable mouthpiece on its outside front.
Within the case I support, preferably by means of a light metal spring (insulated
from the case when the case is made of a conducting material), a piece of platinum,
carbon, or other suitable conductor, as a point of contact, the spring being arranged
so as to allow the contact point to reach the centre of the diaphragm, or other
means of giving out the sound, against which it is lightly pressed by a second
spring (similarly insulated if necessary), which also carries a contact, preferably of
carbon or platinum. The one of these springs is connected to the line-wire, and
the other to the battery-wire. Or I cause the diaphragm to carry one of the
contacts and connect it with one of the wires, the spring carrying the other contact
being connected to the other wire. I thus avoid the use of one of the above
referred to springs. I can render the improved telephone serviceable both as a
transmitter and as a receiver without necessitating change of position of the head,
or of the telephone, or the use of two telephones, so that conversation can be carried
on by people at a distance as continuously and uninterruptedly as if they were
speaking vis-a-vis by enclosing the springs and contacts within a funnel shaped
collector, the base of which is secured to the inside front of the case, so as to collect
the reproduced sounds given out by the contacts and diaphragm; and to the apex
71

page_text: of the funnel, which is perforated, I secure a flexible pipe or tube which is furnished
at its outer extremity with an ear-piece, through and by which the received or
reproduced sounds are conveyed to the ear.
According to another modification I mount the contacts in a case specially
adapted to the mouth and ear, and thereby dispense with the tube and ear-piece
above mentioned.
I do not limit myself to the above described means of carrying the principle of
my Invention into effect, as the same may obviously be attained in a variety
ways.
of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING UP BREAD FROM WHOLE MEAL' OR COARSELY GROUND WHEAT, RYE, MAIZE, AND OTHER GRAIN."
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walter Simmons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1881.
GEORGE WALTER SIMMONS, of 321, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING UP BREAD
FROM WHOLE MEAL' OR COARSELY GROUND WHEAT, RYE, MAIZE, AND OTHER
GRAIN."
It is well known that bread made from "whole meal" or coarsely ground wheat,
rye, maize, and other grain when baked forins a very hard upper crust, and the
object of my Invention is to prevent the outer surface or crust of the bread made
from such materials from becoming hard in the process of baking.
For this purpose I prepare the dough or paste from any or either of the above
named coarse ground materials in the ordinary manner, and when made up into
loaves for baking, I coat, cover, or partially cover such loaves with a comparatively
thin layer or envelope of dough or paste made with finer flour of the same materials
(or mixtures thereof), or the dough from which ordinary white bread is made, from
which the bran has been separated.
By thus combining the two kinds of dough together, the inner and coarser
ground materials are prevented from forming a hard crust by being protected by
the outer coat or covering of paste made from finer materials, which in baking
forms a crust of the same character or degree of hardness as that of ordinary white
bread.
The loaves may if desired be coated by dipping them into a semi-fluid paste or
batter made of fine flour and other ingredients.
A small quantity of glycerine may also be combined with the dough or be laid
upon it with a brush or by other means in order to prevent it from becoming too
hard in the process of baking.
In order to facilitate the making up of loaves of bread from whole meal in
accordance with my improvements, I employ a revolving table or disc similar to a
potter's wheel, but so mounted upon a lever that the quantity of dough placed
thereon can be readily weighed.
When properly shaped or made up a thin layer of white paste is laid over it, and
the loaf is then ready for baking.

page_text: The whito paste is rolled out by means of a suitable roller and endless band,
which carries it up to the revolving disc ready to be placed over the loaf.
When the whole meal loaves are baked in tins it is only necessary to place a
covering of white dough or paste over the brown dough after the latter is placed in
the tins, as it is only the upper exposed surface of such loaves which becomes hard
and barsh in baking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR CANES AND UMBRELLAS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1881. A communication
from abroad by Wilhelm Rössler, of Gablonz, Bohemia, in the Empire of
Austria.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40. Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR CANES AND UMBRELLAS." [A
communication from abroad by Wilhelm Rössler, of Gablonz, Bohemia, in the
Empire of Austria.]
This Invention relates to the handles of walking canes or sticks and umbrellas,
and it has for its object a novel method of constructing such handles so that they
contain phials or other vessels which can be filled with perfume or are suitable for
receiving a burning cigar or other small article. I take the handle of a cane or
umbrella, and to its upper end I fit and attach the lower end of a tubular socket
of brass or other metal, the upper part of which may be of the same or different
diameter, and has fitted to its upper end a hinged cap or cover.
The tubular
socket is preferably contracted in diameter above the point to which the cane
or umbrella extends, and upon this contracted part may rest a disc of metal,
glass, or other material, which supports the bottom of a phial or vessel of glass
or other material, the upper end or mouth of which is fitted into and secured
by a ring which is fixed in the upper end of the tubular socket. If the phial is
used for perfume or liquid, it is stopped by a cork, which is retained in its place by
a bed or plug of sufficiently soft material, which is fitted into the hinged cover,
the latter being kept closed by pressing its lower edge over the ring, which fixes
the mouth of the phial as described.
The hinged cover and tubular socket may be made of any ornamental shape and
design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Anton Georg Schaeffer, of 28, Lovaine Place, Newcastle
on Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, Consulting Engineer, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT
ELECTRIC LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Anton Georg Schaeffer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1881.
ANTON GEORO SCHAEFFER, of 28, Lovaine Place, Newcastle on Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS."
The usual method of constructing incandescent electric lamps is to seal up the
glass globe after exhaustion of air. My Invention consists in providing arrange-
ments by which the glass may be sealed before exhaustion, and accomplish this
by the introduction of a small metalic pipe through which the air is finally
exhausted and which I close up after exhaustion. I prefer to make this pipe of
platinum, and of a very small diameter, and to employ it as one of the supports for
the incandescent carbon and one of the electrical conductors, just as a wire is now
ordinarily used, but it may be made independently. By this means I obtain
increased facility of manufacture and obviate the unsightly appearance given to
many of the lamps in use by the projection of a part of the globe used for
sealing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Anton Georg Schaeffer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th April 1882.
SE
ANTON GEORG SCHAEFFER, of 28, Lovaine Place, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the
County of Northumberland, Consulting Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF INCANDESCENT ELECTRIC LAMPS."
The usual method of constructing incandescent electric lamps is to seal up the
glass globe after exhaustion of air. My Invention consists in providing arrange-
ments by which the glass may be sealed before exhaustion, and I accomplish this
by the introduction of a small metalic pipe through which the air is finally
exhausted and which I close up after exhaustion. I prefer to make this pipe of
platinum, and of a very small diameter, and to employ it as one of the supports
for the incandescent carbon and one of the electrical conductors, just as a wire is
now ordinarily used, but it may be made independently. I exhaust the glass globe
through the pipe so provided, and in order to seal and render hermitically tight I
press the sides of the tube together at a point near to the lamp. I then sever the
.tube and solder the severed end. By this means I obtain increased facility of
manufacture and obviate the unsightly appearance given to many of the lamps in
use by the projection of a part of the globe used for sealing.
-In-witness-whereof, I,_the_said Anton Georg Schaeffer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, in the year of-our-Lord-
1-1-1-1-
Witness,
JOHN BOWMER,
Clerk,
Forest Hall,
Near Newcastle-on-Tyne.
ANTON GEORG SCHAEFFER. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING RAW HIDES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Rankin Shirreff Galbraith, of Edinburgh, in the
County of Midlothian, North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING RAW HIDES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Rankin Shirreff
Gulbraith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October
1881.
DAVID RANKIN SHIRREFF GALBRAITH, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid-
lothian, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING RAW HIDES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in treating raw hides preparatory
to tanning the same, has for its object to improve the quality of leather produced
by the tanning process, and also to facilitato the process of tanning.
The Invention consists in submitting the raw hides to treatment of sulphurous
acid in a state of solution, such as sulphurous acid and water or other liquid, or in
combination, such as bi-sulphites of soda, potash, lime, or other compounds of this
acid.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said David Ranken Shirreff Galbraith in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st April 1882.
DAVID RANKEN SHIRREFF GALBRAITH, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid-
lothian, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING RAW HIDES."
My said Invention relates to improvements in treating raw hides preparatory to
tanning the same, has for its object to improve the quality of leather produced by
the tanning process, and also to facilitate and cheapen the process of tanning.
The Invention consists in submitting the raw hides to treatment by sulphurous
acid in a state of solution, such as sulphurous acid and water or other liquid, or
solutions of the bisulphites of soda, potash, lime, or other compounds of sulphurous
acid may be used.
In practising the Invention the hides are immersed in the said solutions, the action
of the said solutions upon the hides being purely of a chemical nature.
It is to be understood that the solutions are used separately, that is to say, that
either of thom may be used for the purpose of having the raw hides immersed
therein. The bisulphite of lime I find to answer best for the purpose of my
Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same may be used, I would observe in con-
clusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as
the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent
is,-
The treating of raw hides by immersion in a solution of sulphurous acid or in a
solution of the bisulphites of soda, potash, lime, or other compound of sulphurous
acid.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Ranken Shirreff Galbraith, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
DAVID RANKEN SHIRREFF GALBRAITH
G0)
AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL BAIT FOR FISHING
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Richardson, of the Firm of Little and Company,
of 15, Fetter Lane, in the City of London, Fishing Tackle Manufacturers, for
an Invention of "AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL BAIT FOR FISHING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1881.
JOSEPH RICHARDSON, of the Firm of Little and Company, of 15, Fetter Lane, in
the City of London, Fishing Tackle Manufacturers. "AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL
BAIT FOR FISHING."
The novelty of this Invention consists in the employment of sole skin dressed in
the manner hereinafter described for the manufacture of artificial bait.
The sole skin according to my Invention is treated in the following manner :-
I first wash it in a weak solution of water, soap, and soda, and then allow it to
dry.
When quite dry it is coated with spirits of wine to prepare it for being painted.
The bait is painted with oil colors of different sorts, according to the fish the
bait is intended to represent. The oil colors are mixed by preference with 4 drops
of oil to 2 drops of varnish and 6 drops of turpentine.
When the bait has been painted, it is "finished" with one coating of clear satin
varnish.
The main advantages of my improved bait are their natural appearance and
durability.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Richardson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th August 1881.
JOSEPH RICHARDSON, of the Firm of Little and Company, of 15, Fetter Lane, in
the City of London, Fishing Tackle Manufacturers. "AN IMPROVED ARTIFICIAL
BAIT FOR FISHING."
The object of my Invention is the manufacture of artificial bait for fishing. For
the purposes of my Invention I treat the skin of the sole in a special manner and
paint and varnish it to represent natural or live fish. The bait is chiefly intended
as a spinning bait. I first wash a selected portion of a sole skin in a weak solution
of water, soap, and soda, and allow it to dry.
When quite dry it is coated with spirits of wine to prepare it for being painted.
The bait is painted with different oil colours according to the fish the bait is
intended to represent. The oil colours are mixed by preference with 4 drops of oil,
2 drops of varnish, and 6 drops of turpentine.
When the bait has been painted, it is "finished" with one coating of clear satin
varnish.
The main advantages of my improved baits are their natural appearance and
durability.
I am aware that sole skin has been hitherto used as a bait for fishing purposes,
but never as a made up bait in imitation of and as a substitute for live bait, my
Invention therefore consists in making artificial bait as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Richardson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of August, One thousand eight hundred
and eighty one.
JOSEPH RICHARDSON. (L.S.)
A NEW OR IMPROVED CUTTING OR SLICING APPARATUS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Washington Robertson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1881.
GEORGE WASHINGTON ROBERTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED CUTTING OR SLICING APPARATUS."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved arrangement or construction
of apparatus for cutting or slicing meat, bread, fruit, vegetables, tobacco, and other
substances requiring to be cut into slices, consists of a frame composed of an upper
and lower part bound or held together by vertical standards or brackets. In both
of these parts a V or other shaped groove or channel is made, and in the grooves
or channels a vertical frame or traveller is situated so as to be capable of being
reciprocated backwards and forwards in a horizontal plane by means of a handle,
crank, or equivalent means. On one side of the vertical frame or traveller a knife
or cutter is secured in an angled or inclined position, and at an approximate anglo
on the other side an adjustable shield is carried in brackets bolted or secured to
the frame or traveller. The shield is preferably formed with its upper edge bent
or curved over, and is rendered adjustable.so as to have a greater or lesser width
from the knife or cutter by means of screws, one end of each of which is fixed in
the shield, whilst the other end passes through an adjusting nut held in or placed
on the brackets attached to the traveller, or other equivalent means may be used
for that purpose. The thickness of the slice to be cut is regulated by the distance
between the side of the knife and shield.
On the lower part of the framing of the apparatus a horizontal table or platform
is formed and provided with a vertical side or guard at one end. On this table
the substance to be cut or sliced is placed so as to rest against the shield, and the
traveller is then reciprocated across the end of it, thereby causing the knife to
sever or cut off a slice or sliver equal in thickness to the distance between the
knife and shield, and if necessary to move the said slice out of the way before the
traveller is reciprocated back again. The shield is or may be provided at its rear
end with a part so constructed as to push the slice clear of the traveller, and the
said slice may fall into a tray or receptacle provided at the lower part of the
frame.

page_text: The table or platform on which the substance being cut rests may be provided
with a screw, rollers, or other means of traversing it with its load inwards and
outwards to and from the cutter or knife.
Under a modification the knife whilst in the act of cutting may move through
an arc vertically, the said movement when the frame or traveller is reciprocated
being communicated to it by a rack toothed quadrant and eccentric or equivalent
means,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF LIME."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Young, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF SULPHATE OF LIME."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Young at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1881.
JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF LIME."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of sulphato of
lime, consists in taking chloride of lime in solution and in adding thereto a solution
of the sulphate of an alkali or earth, such as the sulphate of soda, potash, magnesia,
or alumina, the result of the reaction of the solutions being sulphate of lime,
which is precipitated, and the compound of chlorine and the alkali or earth in
solution.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th April
1882.
JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF LIME."
My said Invention, which rolates to improvements in the manufacture of
sulphate of lime, otherwise known as pearl-hardening, consists in effecting the
decomposition of chloride of lime by means of soluble sulphates of an alkali,
such for example as the sulphates of potash, of soda, of magnesia, and of alumina.
In carrying my Invention into practice I take chloride of lime in solution and
I then add and continue to add thereto a solution of a sulphate of one of the
alkalis hereinbefore mentioned until precipitation ceases, and I do this with the
solutions either in a heated or cold state. The result of the reaction of the
solutions on each other is that sulphate of lime is precipitated leaving a solution
composed of chlorine and alkali used.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and-in-what-manner the same is to be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel-and-original_and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
The commercial production of sulphate of lime, or pearl-hardening, by effecting
the decomposition of chloride of lime solution by a solution of the sulphates of
potash, soda, magnesia, and alumina, until precipitation ceases, as hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Young, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
JAMES YOUNG. (L.S.)
MENTS IN BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN STOPPERS FOR CLOSING THE SAME
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mackey Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th August 1881.
"IMPROVE
CHARLES MACKEY TAYLOR, of Snaresbrook, in the County of Essex.
MENTS IN BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN STOPPERS FOR CLOSING THE SAME."
This Invention relates to improvements in the formation of the necks of bottles
and jars suitable for containing malt liquor, wine, spirits, aërated and other liquids,
preserved fruits, and other substances or materials, and in stoppers, screw caps, or
covers for closing and securing the contents of such bottles and jars.
For this purpose according to my improvements, a screw thread is formed by
moulding or otherwise on the outer surface of the neck of the bottle or jar, over
which a light metal screw capsule is screwed, having within its end a disc of
india rubber, cork, or other suitable material, which as the capsule is screwed down
upon the neck becomes compressed between the top of the neck of the bottle and
the top end of the capsule, thus making it air tight.
The capsule is advantageously made of hard-thin metal, and corrugated with
screw threads corresponding with the male screw thread on the neck of the bottle;
it has also two or more projecting arms to fold or close underneath the projecting
thread or collar on the neck of the bottle, and thus prevent the screw cap from
unscrewing or getting loose until it is removed by unscrewing to withdraw the
contents.
The disc of cork or lining may be readily removed from the screw caps when
required, so that they may be used over and over again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Goodfellow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1881.
WILLIAM RICHARD GOODFELLOW, in the Parish of Roche, in the County of
Cornwall, Surgeon. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS."
My Invention relates to the manufacture of lubricants of an improved character.
In carrying my Invention into practice I proceed as follows:-I mix cerosine with
animal, vegetable, or mineral oil, and manufacture a lubricant which I find to be
very efficient. The proportions in which I mix the cerosine with the oils are
according to the consistency I wish to obtain. For ordinary purposes I mix one
third of cerosine with two thirds of mineral oil.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS, BOATS, OR OTHER BODIES, PARTLY OR WHOLLY IMMERSED IN WATER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1881. A communication
from abroad by August Ernest Müller, formerly Professor of Technology,
of Passaw, German Empire.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, and 20, Forhaabningsholms Allee, Copenhagen. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS, BOATS, OR OTHER BODIES,
PARTLY OR WHOLLY IMMERSED IN WATER." A communication from abroad by
August Ernest Müller, formerly Professor of Technology, of Passaw, German
Empire.
This Invention relates to that class of apparatus in which cylinders and pistons
are employed for imparting motion to the vessel, boat, or other body, by forcing a
jet or jets of water through a pipe or pipes in a direction opposite to that in which
it is desired to move the said vessel, boat, or other body.
The improvements consists in the employment, in place of one cylinder with one
piston, of two cylinders each with one piston, such cylinders being placed end to
end and suitably secured together. The two pistons occupy corresponding positions
in the cylinders, and are secured on one piston rod so as to move simultaneously in
their respective cylinders. The foremost cylinder is that in which the steam acts,
and the hindmost that in which the water is acted upon. Between the flanges by
which the cylinders are connected together is placed a bad conductor of heat. By
these means the steam cylinder and piston are isolated from the cooling effect of
the water cylinder and piston and remain hot, whereby condensation of the steam
is prevented. The water cylinder and piston on the contrary remain cool, the
space between the two pistons being filled with air. The water cylinder is
extended backwards by a tube, the end of which is connected water tight to the
stern of the vessel, boat, or other body, and is open; the pressure of the steam in
the steam cylinder is exerted not only upon the weight of the whole column of
water contained in the said tube, but also upon the resistance corresponding to the
pressure of the vertical water column. When the diameter of the water cylinder
is larger than that of the steam cylinder, that of the tube containing the horizontal

page_text: water column may also be larger than that of the steam cylinder; there will thus
be not only a greater resistance opposed to the pressure of the steam, but the effect
of the water pressure of the vertical water column for forcing back the piston will
be reduced. In this case, as the air space between the two pistons will vary
during the strokes of the pistons, openings are left into such space to allow of the
ingress and egress of air as the space varies.
The pressure exerted by the water at any given depth is called "the vertical
pressure of the water column."
IN FIRE BARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nash at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1881.
THOMAS NASH, of Nether Edge, Sheffield, Mechanical Engineer.
IN FIRE BARS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention has for its object the improvement of firebars for steam boilers,
furnaces, and stoves. The advantages derived from the use of firebars of my
improved construction are lightness and greater durability of the bars, and more
perfect and economical combustion of the fuel used.
The lightness is obtained by making the bars of perforated plates strengthened
by longitudinal and transverse ribs. The greater durability of my bars is due to
the thinness of the plate or top portion allowing the cold air to circulate nearer the
fire than is the case with other bars, the cold air preventing the bars from being
melted or burnt by the fire.
The upper surface of the bars is corrugated, which admits the air to circulate
under and through the fuel and which reduces the formation of clinker, and also
admits of the use of comparatively small and cheap fuel.
My fire bars can be manufactured of either cast steel, cast iron, rolled iron, or
rolled steel.
IMPROVED MEANS OF FASTENING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Wright at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1881.
EDMUND WRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
" IMPROVED
MEANS OF FASTENING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING
APPAREL."
This Invention relates to an improved fastening more especially designed for
boots and shoes, but applicable also to other articles, and it consists in the
employment of a series of projecting lugs, hooks, or links attached to the edges of
the boot or other opening, and of a slide which passes under the lugs or other
projections, thereby drawing the edges of the opening together, and securely
fastening the boot or other article in its closed position.
The slide is preferably made of a single piece of flat flexiblo spring steel, but it
may be made of other material, and may be jointed if found desirable. One of its
ends is rounded or made of wedge or V shaped form, and the other end is provided
with a hole which drops over a pin or projection on the boot to retain it when
applied thereto, or the projection may be on the slide and the hole in a small plate
attached to the boot. The slide is furnished with a staple, tab, or other means for
facilitating its application and withdrawal.
In operation the rounded or wedge shaped end of the slide is inserted between
the opposite lugs or hooks at one end of the opening of the boot or other article
and drawn between them, thereby causing the lugs, which form a guide for the
slide, to overlap one another laterally and close the opening. On the withdrawal
of the slide the sides of the opening separate, and thus at once release the boot or
other article.
The slide may be covered with leather or other material or otherwise ornamented.
The edges of the boot, instead of being cut straight in the usual manner, may have
leather projections, which said projections may form a portion of the said lugs or
links.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING AND PROPELLING VEST
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Figge, Gustav Adolph Köttgen, and Hermann
Wedekind, all of Broad Street, in the County of Middlesex, for an Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING AND PROPELLING
VEST"
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Figge, Gustav
Adolph Köttgen, and Hermann Wedekind at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 21st July 1881.
AUGUSTUS FIGGE, GUSTAV ADOLPH KÖTTGEN, and HERMANN WEDEKIND, all of
Broad Street, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
STEERING AND PROPELLING VESSELS."
The improvements consist in constructing the blade of the rudder of two parts,
one hinged to and worked on the other, and in some cases the outer part of flexible
material, so that it would yield to the action of the water; further, in imparting a to
and fro motion to the improved rudder, so that it will act as a propeller. The
attachment of the hinged rudder to the stern post may be as at present. Suitable
gearing is added to give motion to the rudder, and simultaneously to the outer or
hinged part. The whole may be of metal, or partly of metal and partly of wood.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Augustus Figge, Gustav Adolph Köttgen, and Hermann Wedekind
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st January 1882.
AUGUSTUS FIGGE, GUSTAV ADOLPH KÖTTGEN, and HERMANN WEDEKIND, all
of Broad Street, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
STEERING AND PROPELLING VESSELS."
The improvements relate to ships' rudders, the object being to make a flexible
rudder, which shall also serve, if needed, to propel the ship. Referring to the
accompanying Drawing, where Fig. is an elevation and Fig. 2 a plan, the
Invention consists in dividing the rudder blade into two parts, as shown at A, B,
hinged one to the other in such manner that the outer part B can be swung to and
and fro like a door simultaneously with the swinging or movement of the rudder A,
which is secured in the usual way to the stern post, and turned by the shaft D.
To effect the swinging of the outer part B two .connecting rods C are pivoted on
arms or levers c, as shown, one of such arms being fixed on the stern post, and the
other on the rudder B, and serving to actuate the outer blade B. The angle and
distance of the arms and length of the connecting rods are decided by the arc
which the outer blade is desired to move through. The outer blade may be made
flexible, and by means of a rapid to and fro motion imparted to the shaft D the
rudder and its hinged part will serve to propel as well as steer the vessel.
CLAIM.
The hinged outer rudder piece B, together with the connecting rods C and fixed
arms c, or equivalent device for actuating same simultaneously with the movement
of the main rudder, substantially as illustrated and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Adolph Kottgen, have hereunto set 2
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, A.D. 1882.
IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING LINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Pangaert d'Opdorp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1881.
FRANÇOIS PANGAERT D'OPDORP, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING LINES."
"AN
The object of this Invention is to provide an instrument of precision for
measuring the distance from one point to another on maps and charts. By means
of this instrument the necessity for making long and different calculations, as, for
instance, when the lines to be followed are curved or at right angles, will be
avoided.
The instrument will be of great practical utility to mariners, officers of the army,
and travellers, and even to children, who when amusing themselves may make use
of it, and thus acquire a knowledge of distances in geography and mathematics.
The instrument is composed of a hollow cylinder having in the interior a rod,
which carries at its lower end an arm, and is surrounded by a spiral spring. The
arm projects through a slot in the side of the cylinder, and carries at its outer end
a spring clip to receive a pencil, drawing pen, or needle.
The arm can be depressed by pressing on the rod, which is provided with a
button for the purpose. To the bottom of the cylinder is fixed a support to receive
a threaded rod or axle, upon which a small wheel having a corresponding thread
is mounted.
The instrument can be made of metal, horn, or wood, or any other suitable
material, and of any size. It is also capable of numerous modifications, as, for
example, part of the arm with the spring clip may be removed, and to the top of
the spring rod a pair of compasses may be attached. This rod may also be
shortened as far as the middle of the cylinder, by which means the length of the
pencil-holder or drawing pen may be doubled. It will also be easy to add
compasses in various combinations without affecting the proportion of the instru-
ment. The arm and its accessories may also be repeated as circumstances may
require on the other side of the cylinder. All the modifications above enumerated
may also be united in one and the same instrument.
:-
The manner of working the instrument is as follows:-
The small wheel is moved to one end of the threaded axle, and the instrument
is placed perpendicularly on the starting point. The instrument is then moved

page_text: forward, the wheel following exactly the route traced on the map until it arrives
at the point the distance of which from the starting point it is desired to know,
whereupon the instrument is raised. To know the exact distance between the two
points chosen, the wheel is moved in the reverse direction along the scale attached
to the map or chart until it arrives at the point from which it originally started,
when the needle is depressed by pressing on the button of the spring rod to mark
on the scale the exact distance travelled.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING MINES AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Knox, George Falconer, Robert
Burns, and Alexander Knox at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 15th February 1881.
"
JAMES KNOX, GEORGE FALCONER, ROBERT BURNS, and ALEXANDER KNOX, all
of the City of Glasgow and County of Lanark. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING MINES AND OTHER
PLACES."
This Invention has reference to (1) the extraction of "foul air" by means of
piping from mines and other places requiring ventilation; (2) regulating valves
and receivers of foul air distributed throughout the mine or place at the extremities
of the piping; and (3) a motive power for causing draught in the pipes.
According to this Invention, in the case of a mine, a main pipe descends from
the surface into the mine, where it branches off into such cavities and workings as
may be found to require ventilation for the purpose of collecting the foul air and
carrying it to the surface. We make the branch pipes of sufficient size to meet
the requirements of the mine in which they are placed, and the main ascension of
sufficient size to accommodate the air carried in the various branches, and also to
admit of the extension of the workings of the mine and additional branches.
In other cases the piping is appropriately fitted to suit the circumstances and
operate on the same principle.
The valves at the extremities of the piping are automatical, with spiral mercurial
tubes set on axis and so adjusted that they will open and close according to the
temperature, or according as foul air may make its appearance in the mine; also
we provide a receiver at every valve for the purpose of more efficiently collecting
the light or heated atmosphere.
As a motive power we employ a disk of steam driven through a specially
constructed apparatus fitted with Venetians for the purpose of forming a vacuum
in the ascension pipe, which can only be filled by atmosphere drawn from the mine
or place being ventilated, and as the pipes (where more than one) are fitted with
automatical valves the lightest atmosphere will always be that which is first
removed.