NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Arrowsmith, of Bilston, in the County
of Stafford, Engineer, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR SHAPING METALS."
Sealed the 12th July 1858, and dated the 19th January 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Arrowsmith at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th January 1858.
I, JOHN ARROWSMITH, of Bilston, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
SHAPING METALS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of two surfaces moving in parallel
planes, and in opposite directions, between which surfaces the metal to
be shaped is placed, and the said surfaces being made into a suitable
form, mould, or shape, the metal placed between them by a rolling
process. The parts of the machine require to be modified in adapting
it to produce various shapes; thus, in making iron rivets my machine is
made as follows:-Two circular plates situated parallel to each other
in horizontal planes turn in opposite directions upon a common central
axis, the motion of the said plates being produced by any convenient
gearing. On the opposite surfaces of the said plates, and near the cir-

page_text: "
cumference of the same, curved moulds or dies are situated, the said
moulds or dies consisting of iron or steel plates curved so as to be con-
centric with the axis of the revolving plates on which they are fixed.
The said moulds or dies are furnished with grooves or indentations of a
suitable form to produce the required shape. There are four or any
other convenient number of pairs of the said moulds on the revolving
plates, and in the upper plate near the commencement of each top
mould is a hole through which the iron is introduced. As it falls on
the lower mould it is seized between it and the upper mould, and by
their motion in opposite directions it becomes rolled into a proper
shape. The ends of the moulds at which the iron.first enters are wider
apart than the ends from which it is liberated. When it has passed
through the said moulds-it-falls-through-au-opening in the lower plate.
In making rivets I prefer using moulds which will produce two at
once, situated-head. to head... In applying my Invention to shaping
balls of iron preparatory to rolling. I sometimes, make the following
modifications: the surfaces between which the iron is fashioned. revolve
in a vertical plane, and consist of a drum, the cylindrical surface of
which constitutes one of the acting surfaces, and an outer case in which
curved plates or surfaces excentric to the axis of the said drum are
fixed. The said druin and case revolve in opposite directions, and the
iron to be made into a ball is introduced between the two inclined and
curved surfaces at their widest end by the revolution of the said drum
and case; the said iron is rolled between the two inclined surfaces, and
passing in its motion from their wide to their narrow end is rolled or
shaped into a ball suitable for the operation of the rolls. I prefer
making the machine so that two balls may be in process of forming
at the same time. I also modify my machine in other ways to make
other shapes, but the essential features remain the same in all. The
machine first described may he worked in a vertical plane, and when
made on a sufficiently large scale may be used for making balls of iron,
and the machine last described may be used for making rivets and
other articles.
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page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Arrowsmith in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1,
JOHN ARROWSMITH, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her inost Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of January.
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Arrowsmith, Her
special licence that I, the said John Arrowsmith, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Arrowsmith, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SHAPING METALS."
upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Arrowsmith, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE. that I, the said John Arrowsmith. do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
s to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
.
My Invention-consists in the use of two surfaces moving in parallel.
planes and in opposite directions, between which surfaces the metal .to
e shaped is placed, and the said surfaces (being made of a suitable
orm) mould or shape the metal-placed- between them by a rolling

page_text: process. I carry my Invention into effect in various ways in order to
adapt it to produce the shapes required, and I will proceed to describe
the various machines by which I carry my said Invention into effect.
The machine, Figs. 1, and 2, consists of two circular plates or discs
A, A, B, B, moving concentrically in parallel planes, though in opposite
directions. The said plates may be worked by means of ordinary gearing
so as to produce a continuous circular motion, or a motion backwards
and forwards of any length that may be required. In these two plates
or discs are fixed two, four, six, or eight pairs of tools of various kinds,
marked C, C, C, C, properly tapered, grooved, and indented, for their
various purposes; these tools are to be formed of cast or wrought iron,
steel, or any other suitable metal, and are tapered, grooved, indented,
or shaped on the interior surfaces to suit the various descriptions of
articles to be shaped. The plates or tools, of whatever kind, being pro-
perly prepared and fixed by means of cross bars and set pins, as shown,
or by any suitable means, and made to turn in parallel though opposite
lirections. A piece of heated iron or other metal to be shaped is intro-
duced into any of the slot holes shown at D, D, D, D, on the plan, Fig. 1,
and is caught between the plates C, C, C, C, at their widest end, and
by the motion of the machine passes to the narrowest end of the
tools, and becomes a finished rivet, screw blank, or moulding, and drops
through a similar hole in the bottom plate. In making rivets, small
bolts, or screw blanks I prefer using tools that will form two at
once, head to head, as shewn. The circular plates or discs are driven by
means of a series of toothed segments fixed on their outer circumferences,
into which segments a toothed pinion F, engages, or the said plates
may be driven by means of bevil or spur wheels and pinions, or by any
description of gearing that will produce the required opposite rotary
motions. The rollers E, E, E, E, are fixed to assist to keep the circular
plates or discs in a perfectly parallel position, and are fitted with turned
axles on proper bearings, and capable of being adjusted to allow for
wear and tear.
Figs. 3, and 4, represent in side elevation and vertical section
another method of carrying my Invention into effect. It consists of a

page_text: cylinder or drum marked G, fixed upon a horizontal shaft, with all
necessary and proper bearings, and turning upon the said shaft; and
also of an outer casing marked H, in which curved plates or surfaces
imarked J, J, are fixed eccentrically to the drum, and move in an
opposite direction to the said drum. The iron or metal to be shaped is
introduced through an opening marked K, between the excentric surfaces
G, and J, at their widest part, and by the motion of the machine the
said metal is compressed between the surfaces to the narrowest part
at L, as shewn. It then falls out through the opening K 1, as shown.
I prefer making this machine so that two or more pieces of metal máy
be operated upon at one time, as shown in Figs. 3, and 4. The ex-
centric surfaces are to be properly grooved and indented and prepared
for the various descriptions of work to be performed. Taper articles, as
axle trees, gun barrels, or other taper article, either plain or with
mouldings or indentations on their surfaces, may be shaped in this
machine by altering the relative positions of the eccentric surfaces by
means of adjusting set pins, or any convenient and suitable method
that may be required. The method of obtaining the motion of the
drum and of the eccentric surfaces in opposite directions is by means
of exterior and interior toothed wheels and pinions, as shown in
Figs. 3, and 4, or by any other means, such as bevil wheels and
pinions, or any other suitable method to produce the opposite rotary
motion.
Figs. 5, and 6, represent another method of carrying my Invention
into effect. In this method the metal is shaped by means of parallel
plates m, m, moving in opposite directions. The plates are properly
tapered, grooved, and indented, as may be required for their purpose, and
properly planed and fixed between truly turned rollers, which are pro-
vided with bearings, as shown. The motion is communicated by means
of cranks and rods, racks and pinions, or any other convenient method
of producing alternate horizontal motion.
The purposes to which my Invention is particularly applicable are
the manufacture of rivets, bolts, screw blanks; mouldings, round balls,
as shot, rolling or shaping taper axle trees, gun barrels, or any other

page_text: article that may be required to be rolled taper, plain, or moulded on its
surface...
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not limit myself to the precise method of carrying my-In-
vention into effect herein described, and represented in the accompanying
Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of my said Invention. But I claim as my Invention the shaping of
metals by the use of two plane or curved surfaces moving in opposite
directions, the metal to be shaped. being situated between and rolled
by the said surfaces, the said surfaces being furnished with grooves or
otherwise fashioned so as to give the requisite shape to the pieces of
metal placed between then, as herein described and illustrated by the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Arrowsmith, have hereunto
my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN ARROWSMITH. (L.S.)