Improvements in Fluid Pressure Rotary Motors.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Rotary Motors.
We, WILLIAM HUGGINS, of 24, Forest Park Road, Foreman Patternmaker,
and DANIEL M'CALLUM, of 21 North Tay Street, Brassfounder, both of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in fluid pressure rotary motors, the
object being to construct a machine which will be efficient and economical.
In carrying out our invention we preferably employ a combination of two or
more parallel flow turbines and preferably arrange each system or combination
in pairs in order to balance the longitudinal thrust due to fluid pressure.
In some cases we may only use a single system, taking up the end pressure
by means of any known suitable thrust block."
The aforesaid turbines are arranged to permit the fluid to flow in a path parallel
to the axis of the tubine, or in a path inclined to or from such axis, or spirally
along or towards or away from same.
The fixed guides and the wheel or wheels are enclosed in a suitable case, pre-
ferably steam jacketted, such wheel or wheels being fixed on a shaft whose axis
preferably coincides with that of the case.
Describing in detail a single system, the other if used being similar but arranged
to have its longitudinal thrust in the opposite direction. The working fluid,
after passing into an annular space at one end of the single system, passes through
a series of equally pitched guide apertures in a ring in a direction parallel to
the axis of the wheel, such apertures being arranged so as to cause the fluid to
move tangentially, that is to say it is made to whirl around the axis. A moveable
ring, provided with similarly pitched apertures, is placed against such guide ring
and is so actuated that by partly rotating it, either automatically by a governor,
or otherwise, the fluid may be cut off or wire drawn, as may be found most suitable.
The first wheel is as close as possible to the face of its guide plate in order that
little or no fluid may pass except through its apertures, such apertures being
designed in such a manner that the fluid may leave the wheel and pass into the
next guide plate without whirling, but again flowing in a direction parallel to the
axis. The following series of guide plates and wheels are somewhat similar in design
to the first pair, but in the case of such a fluid as steam are proportioned to most
efficiently adapt themselves to its expansibility, velocity and reduction of pressure.
After the steam leaves the last wheel it may pass between pipes through which
cold water circulates or into a condenser, in order to reduce the back pressure.
The apertures in the second and following guide rings are arranged in groups
and in such a fashion that the fluid may only pass through the motor when it is
in motion, the groups being so arranged relatively, that the fluid flows spirally
around the axis in its progress through the motor.
The widths of the apertures in each guide and in each wheel vary radially
and longitudinally in proportion to the expansion of the steam.

page_text: The wheels may be cast in one or they may be cast separately. If the wheels
are in one there is no possibility of water passing into the hollow centre, which
is a distinct advantage.
The first guide ring is in one piece but the others are necessarily, for constructive
purposes, in halves.
Provision is made for strengthening each wheel by winding wire around its
outer circumference.
In some cases drain cocks may be provided.
Improvements in Fluid Pressure Rotary Motors.
We, WILLIAM HUGGINS, of 24, Forest Park Road, Foreman Pattern Maker,
and DANIEL M'CALLUM, of 21, North Tay Street, Brassfounder, both of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in fluid pressure rotary motors, the:
object being to construct a machine which will be efficient and economical.
And in order that our said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto
appended two explanatory sheets of drawings in which the same reference numerals
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown, that is
to say:-
Figure 1, (Sheet 1) is a part section at A, A, (Figures 3, and 4,) of a rotary
motor, its upper portion showing an external view of the wheel and guides while
the lower shows these in section.
Figure 2, (Sheet 1) is a part external side elevation of same.
Figure 3, (Sheet 1) is a part section at B, B, (Figures (1, and 2,) showing the
arrangement of governor and throttle valve.
Figure 4, (Sheet 1) is a part end elevation of the motor.
Figure 5, (Sheet 2) is a half section at C, C, (Figure 1) of the wheel.
Figure 6, (Sheet 2) is a diagrammatic development showing the relative grouping
of the guides and ports.
Figure 7, (Sheet 2) is an enlarged part view of Figure 6.
In carrying out our invention we preferably employ a combination of two or
more parallel flow turbines and preferably arrange each system or combination
in pairs, in order to balance the longitudinal thrust due to fluid pressure.
In some cases we may use only a single system, taking up the end pressure
by means of any known suitable thrust block.
The aforesaid turbines are arranged to permit the fluid to flow in a path parallel
to the axis of the turbine, or in a path inclined to or from such axis, or spirally
along or towards or away from same. In the example, illustrated by the annexed
drawings we have elected that the fluid shall flow spirally towards the axis.
The fixed guides and the wheel or wheels are enclosed in a suitable case, such
wheel or wheels being fixed on a shaft whose axis preferably coincides with that
of the case.
Describing in detail a single system, the other if used being similar but arranged

page_text: to have its longitudinal thrust in the opposite direction, the working fluid, after
passing into an annular space 10, through the passage 11, at one end of the single
system, passes through a series of equally pitched guide apertures 12, in a ring 13,
in a direction parallel to the axis of the wheel, such apertures being arranged
so as to cause the fluid to move tangentially, that is to say it is made to whirl
around the axis. A moveable ring 14, provided with similarly pitched apertures,
is placed against such guide ring 13, and is so actuated, that by partly rotating
it, either automatically by a governor, or otherwise the fluid may be cut off or
wire drawn, as may be found most suitable. We have shown in the drawings
a governor 18, which may be driven from the turbine shaft by a belt and pulleys
by means of the shaft 15, bevel pinion 16, and wheel 17. Such governor actuates
a lever 19, which in turn partly rotates the pinion 20, which gears with the internal
rack 21, in the ring 14, which is thus moved sufficiently to govern the admission
of the fluid to the wheels. The first wheel 22, is as close as possible to the face
of its guide plate in order that little or no fluid may pass except through its aper-
tures 23, such apertures being designed in such a manner that the fluid may
leave the wheel and pass into the next guide plate 24, without whirling, but
again flowing in a direction parallel to the axis. The following series of guide
plates and wheels are somewhat similar in design to the first pair, but in the case
of such a fluid as steam are proportioned to most efficiently adapt themselves to
its expansibility, velocity and reduction of pressure. After the steam leaves
the last wheel 25, it may pass pipes 26, through which cold water circulates, or
into a condenser, in order to reduce the back pressure.
The apertures in the second and following guide rings are arranged in groups,
as illustrated by Figure 6, and in such a fashion that the fluid may only pass
through the motor when it is in motion, the groups being so arranged relatively,
that the fluid flows spirally around the axis in its progress through the motor,
the path being approximately indicated by the arrows.
The widths of the apertures in each guide and in each wheel vary radially and
longitudinally in proportion to the expansion of the steam.
The wheels may be cast in one or they may be cast separately, in the drawings.
we have shown them in one. If they are in one there is no possibility of water
passing into the hollow centre, which is a distinct advantage. The first guide
ring is in one piece, but the others are necessarily, for constructive purposes, in
halves. The casing 27, is in halves and bolted together to permit of the assembling
of the parts.
Provision is made for strengthening each wheel by winding wire 28, around its
outer circumference. In some cases drain cocks may be provided. 29, is a key
whose purpose is to keep the guides from rotating. 30, is the exhaust pipe. 31,
is a chamber into which the cold circulating water first passes, after which it goes
into the pipe 26, in this manner keeping the bearing cool and condensing the
steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be
particularly understood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details of
construction hereinbefore described and illustrated on the annexed drawings, but
that we hold ourselves free to make such changes and alterations as conform
with the disposition and scope of our invention, and we declare that what we
claim is:-
(1) In fluid pressure rotary motors, the hereinbefore described combination and
arrangement of parts, substantially as described and illustrated by the annexed
drawings.
(2) In fluid pressure rotary motors, the combination and arrangement of parts
for causing the fluid to flow in a path parallel to the axis of the turbine, or in a
path inclined to or from such axis, or spirally along or towards or away from same,
as described.

page_text: (3) In fluid pressure rotary motors, the combination of two or more wheels in
one casting, as described.
(4) In fluid pressure rotary motors, the combination of a series of wheels and
guides with a sliding ring and governor as described.
(5) In fluid pressure rotary motors, the grouping of the guide ports in the
manner described and for the purposes set forth.
Dotod this 13th day of July 1898
GEO. C. DOUGLAS & Co.,
41, Reform Street, Dundee,
Agents for Applicants.