IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Kent, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING MACHINES."-A com-
munication from abroad by George King, residing at 93, 6th Avenue,
New York, United States of America.
Sealed the 8th May 1868, and dated the 14th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Kent at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1867.
I, GEORGE KENT, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kneading machines. For
this purpose I employ a vessel, by preference of cylindrical form, and I mount
two rollers vertically within it. These rollers are caused to rotate, at the same
time they are carried in a circuit around the vessel. This is effected in the
following manner:-The rollers are carried by a frame mounted on an axis
which turns in a cross piece fixed over the top of the cylinder or vessel; on the
upper end of the axis a bevilled wheel is fixed, and it receives motion from a
bevilled pinion and a crank handle. The rollers are forced to rotate as they
are carried round by a pinion fixed upon one of them, and which gears with a
fixed toothed wheel secured to the cross piece of the frame. The rollers are

page_text: geared together with pinions, and revolve in contact with scrapers. The
kneading vessel is arranged so that it can be lowered away from the rollers
when the operation is complete.
The arrangement may be modified by causing the kneading vessel to rotate
to bring the material up to the vertical rollers, in place of causing these rollers
to sweep round within the kneading vessel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Kent in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
KENT, of Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Kent, Her special licence that I, the said George
Kent, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said George Kent, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KNEADING MACHINES," a communication to me from abroad
by George King, a person resident at 98, 6th Avenue, New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
Kent, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Kent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statmeent thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in kneading machines. For

page_text: this purpose I employ a vessel, by preference of cylindrical form, and I mount
two rollers vertically within it. These rollers are caused to rotate, at the
same time they are carried in a circuit around the vessel. This is effected in
the following manner :--The rollers are carried by a frame mounted on an
axis which turns in a cross piece fixed over the top of the cylinder or vessel;
on the upper end of the axis a bevilled wheel is fixed, and it receives motion
from a bevilled pinion and a crank handle. The rollers are caused to rotate
as they are carried round by a pinion fixed upon one of them, and which gears
with a fixed toothed wheel secured to the cross piece of the frame. The
rollers are geared together with pinions, and revolve in contact with scrapers.
The kneading vessel is arranged so that it can be lowered away from the
rollers when the operation is complete.
The arrangement may be modified by causing the kneading vessel to rotate
to bring the material up to the vertical rollers, in place of causing these rollers
to sweep round within the kneading vessel.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section, of a kneading machine constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan of the same; Figure 3 is a
horizontal section taken at the line 1, 1, Figure 1.
a, a, is the frame of the apparatus; it has a cast-iron head or cross piece a¹,
and carries the shelf a², on which the kneading vessel is supported, as shown
in the Drawing; this vessel is of cylindrical form, and is made of tin plate.
The shelf as at the back rests upon projections on the frame, and at the front
on the end of the turn buttons c, c; by turning these buttons back and drawing
the shelf a short distance forward it becomes free, and with the kneading vessel
fixed upon it, it can then be lowered away from the parts of the apparatus
which enter within the kneading vessel. d, d, are two rollers set up vertically
within the vessel b; their spindles, which are in each case in one piece with
the roller, are carried in bearings in the frame e fixed upon an axis f, which
itself is carried in a bearing in the head or cross piece a¹ of the frame; g is a
bevilled wheel on the upper end of the axis f, and it gears with a pinion h¹ on
an axis h, which is turned by a crank handle; i is a spur wheel fixed on the
head or cross piece a¹; it gears with a pinion d' on the axis of one of the
rollers d, so that when the axis h is turned this roller is caused to rotate on its
own centre as it is carried around by the frame e and its axis f; d, d³, are

page_text: pinions gearing the two rollers d together, so that they rotate in unison and
towards each other; k, k, are scrapers to clean the surfaces of the rollers d as
they revolve; they are fixed upon the frame e. Thus it will be seen that
imperfectly mixed dough being contained in the vessel b, the rollers d as they
are carried round within the vessel meet it, and in revolving they draw it in
between them, and by passing the dough repeatedly between them, compressing
and extending it at each passage, they produce after a time a thorough mixture
of the ingredients.
As before mentioned, the construction of the machine may be modified by
fixing the rollers d in position, and causing them only to revolve on their own
axes, whilst the vessel b, in place of being stationary, as is shown, is caused to
revolve on its vertical axis; the arrangement which I have described in detail
is however more simple, and is preferable.
What I claim is the constructing kneading apparatus with upright rollers
within the kneading vessel, between which rollers the dough is caused to pass
in consequence of the rollers whilst revolving on their own axes being carried
round within or performing a circular course in respect to the mixing vessel
and its contents.
I also claim the arrangement of kneading machines substantially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Kent, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
GEO. KENT
(L.S.)