Improvements in Machinery for Making Cattle Feeding Cake from Meal.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1894-Accepted, 7th July, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Cattle Feeding Cake
from Meal.
We, EVERARD RICHARD CALTHROP, Engineer, and FREDERICK CECIL
CALTHROP, Merchant, both of Briar Cottage, Formby, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference more particularly to the manufacture of that kind
of cattle feeding cake which is made from meal, and in the manufacture of which
little or no oil is expressed; and it has mainly for its object to provide machinery
for producing such cakes at a rapid rate. It is however also applicable for the
production or manufacture of compressed or pressed articles of different kinds from
other soft, plastic, or pasty materials capable of being compressed and formed
directly into shape, such as articles from clays, cements and other adhesive plastic
material of analogous or equivalent nature. We will however, for the sake of
simplicity, in describing this invention, restrict its description as applied to the
production of cattle feeding cakes from cereal meals.
A machine provided with improvements under this invention comprises preferably
two or more rams or dies; a revolving matrix table or face plate with suitable
chambers or matrices adapted to receive and hold the material when being pressed;
a base or pedestal supporting said table or plate and the rams or dies; means for
actuating and holding said table or face plate; and a means for discharging cakes or
articles when produced.
In one arrangement or combination in which the above described parts are
employed two or more vertical inverted hydraulic rams are employed beneath
which is disposed the table or face plate, such table or plate being supported upon
a base, and adapted to be rotated about an axis from which the centres of the two
rams are equi-distant.
The table or face plate is adapted to be actuated, that is rotated, in portions of
a revolution or circle; aud its actuation is effected by rams operating a lever and
pawl or equivalent means, suitable recesses or parts being provided in or on the
table by which it is operated by the pawl.
The actuation of these hydraulic rams used for working the table is controlled
and effected by a valve or valves, say a slide valve, working in a valve case with
ports therein, and pipes connecting it with said rams. This valve may be actuated
by a tappet mechanism on or connected with the rams which alternately moves the
valves so as to distribute the motor liquid to actuate said ram in one way or the
other, so keeping up a reciprocating motion of said table actuating mechanism.
The reverse motions or strokes of the table actuating lever or device are
adapted to move at different rates; that is to say, one is relatively fast and the
other slow. This is effected by a liquid controlling valve arrangement, which
allows the liquid to flow freely in one direction, and to operate the table mechanism
in one direction, and to restrict the flow in the opposite direction, and so cause a
slow movement of the rams and table. This may be done by employing a valvular
device, wherein in the free action, the liquid lifts a valve within a valve case but
which in the reverse action is closed, the liquid only being allowed to pass through
an aperture or apertures of small capacity, which apertures may be adjustable.
To hold and release the table we may employ a detent mechanism brought into
operation by hydraulic pressure, and removed out of action by a spring, or vice versa,
it being connected with the pipe or conduit or on other suitable part of or position
on the hydraulic mechanism above described for actuating the table. This detent

page_text: mechanism in one form may consist of a small ram or piston and cylinder actuated.
by the motor liquid in one direction, and in the other by springs.
The rams are controlled by a valve or valves also actuated from the mechanism
employed for operating the tables, and this valve may in some cases be similar to
that above described for controlling the action of the table operating hydraulic
rams, and be included or arranged in the same casing with said valve.
The hydraulic rams for pressing the material are actuated by liquid controlled
by the valve first specified, and they are lifted in the return stroke by small rams
arranged say above them and connected with them, which rams are also controlled
as to their action by this valve.
The movement of the hydraulic ram valve controlling device by which their
descent is effected takes place when the table has been moved a partial revolution
and locked by the detent, that is at the end of the stroke of the table actuating
ram; whilst their withdrawal or upstrokes takes place before the commencement of
motion of the following stroke or movement of the table. This is effected by a
tappet arrangement in connection with the liquid distribution valve of the hydraulic
rams, which is operated by or through the return movement of the table actuating
device, prior to the end of its stroke; so that liquid is supplied to said lifting
cylinders of the rams and such rams are lifted from the table and are therefore
clear thereof before the commencement of the active stroke of the table.
A controlling or regulating valve, of the kind above described, is also provided
on this system of pipes used in connection with the lifting cylinder, whereby the
strokes of said rams may be quick in one direction and slow in the other. This
device may be provided anywhere where this differential rate of movement is
required.
Means for discharging the cakes after being pressed are provided, and in one
form consist of a plate or other presser connected with the rams and operated
thereby the connection being carried out through increasing mechanism such as
by levers, whereby the stroke of said presser is greater than that of the rams.
This presser moves downwards and presses the cakes out of the "forme" or
chamber in the table or face plate.
The operation of this machine is, that the meal in the desired condition is fed by
suitable shoots down into the spaces or chambers in the table to receive it; it is
then carried forward in charges by the rotation of the table under the hydraulic
press die, where it is pressed to the required degree into the cake; after which it is
then further moved by the further rotation of the table under the discharging
devices, where it is discharged from the chambers in the table through a corre-
sponding or suitable aperture in the base. From here, in some cases, it is conveyed
away by an endless conveyor provided under it, to any suitable point of discharge.
This action of charging the cake chambers with meal, pressing same, and then
discharging the cakes produced, is carried on continuously, and a great output of
cakes is made.
When the table is hydraulically operated by a lever or ratchet device, we may
employ two single acting rams disposed face to face in line or side by side, and
connected and working upon different parts of such device.
In the case of the machinery being actuated by mechanical means, or parts of
such machinery being so actuated, in lieu of by hydraulics, the pressing die can be
actuated by cranks, eccentrics, or cams, attached to a slow speed shaft and driven
through suitable gearing. When the table actuating mechanism is mechanically
operated, in lieu of hydraulically, the means for rotating said table may be worked
from a crank, eccentric, or other means; and where this mode of working is
employed, and the dies are hydraulically operated, suitable means, such as above
described, may be employed to actuate the liquid distribution valve.
In the latter case (or where desired) a safety catch or mechanism may be
-employed which is connected with the rams and operates, or is used in connection
with, the pawl or other device used for moving forward the table. By this safety
mechanism, the table feeding device is so operated, that is thrown out of gear, say

page_text: by a tappet movement, that the table is not moved when, or if through any cause,
the rams or dies or either of them become inoperative, or are not lifted clear of the
table. By such a means the machinery is prevented from becoming smashed or
strained under such conditions or circumstances.
"
66
As an alternative mechanical means of actuati
employ "toggle or knapping-levers," or device,
rotating crank, or the like, or by other equivalent means,
pressing dies we may
ed by a reciprocating or
reby greatest pressure
is exerted at the end of the pressing strokes and the quickest part at the first part
of the pressing stroke.
It is to be understood that mechanical equivalents for the devices or motions
herein specified may be employed in lieu of those particularly specified, wherever
desirable or convenient.
1002
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Cattle Feeding Cake
from Meal.
We, EVERARD RICHARD CALTHROP, Engineer, and FREDERICK CECIL
CALTHROP, Merchant, both of Briar Cottage, Formby, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has reference more particularly to the manufacture of that kind
of cattle feeding cake which is made from meal, and in the manufacture of which
little or no oil is expressed; and it has mainly for its object to provide machinery
for producing, such cakes at a rapid rate.
A machine provided with improvements under this invention comprises preferably
two or more rams or dies; a revolving matrix table or face plate with suitable
chambers or matrices adapted to receive and hold the material when being pressed;
a base or pedestal supporting said table or plate and the rams or dies; means for
actuating and holding said table or face plate; and a means for discharging cakes
or articles when produced.
In one arrangement or combination in which the above described parts are
employed two or more vertical inverted hydraulic rams are employed beneath
which is disposed the table or face plate, such table or plate being supported upon
a base, and adapted to be rotated about an axis from which the centres of the two
rams are equi-distant.
The table or face plate is adapted to be actuated, that is rotated, in portions of a
revolution or circle; and its actuation is effected by rams operating a lever and
pawl or equivalent means, suitable recesses or parts being provided in or on the
table by which it is operated by the pawl.
The actuation of these hydraulic rams used for working the table is controlled
and effected by a valve or valves, say a slide valve, working in a valve case with
ports therein, and pipes connecting it with said rams. This valve may be actuated
by a tappet mechanism on or connected with the rams which alternately moves the
valve so as to distribute the motor liquid to actuate said ram in one way or
the other, and so keeping up a reciprocating motion of said table actuating
mechanism.
The reverse motions or strokes of the table actuating lever or device are adapted
to move at different rates; that is to say, one is relatively fast and the other slow.
This is effected by a liquid controlling valve arrangement, which allows the liquid

page_text: to flow freely in one direction, and to operate the table mechanism in one direction,
and to restrict the flow in the opposite direction, and so cause a slow movement
of the rams.
This may be done by employing a valvular device, wherein in the
free action, the liquid lifts a valve within a valve case but which in the reverse
action is closed, the liquid only being allowed to pass through an aperture or
apertures of small capacity, which apertures may be adjustable.
To hold and release the table we may employ a detent mechanism brought into
operation by hydraulic pressure, and removed out of action by a spring, or vice versa,
it being connected with the pipe or conduit or on other suitable part of or position
on the hydraulic mechanism above described for actuating the table. This detent
mechanism in one form may consist of a small ram or piston and cylinder actuated
by the motor liquid in one direction, and in the other by springs.
The rams are controlled by a valve or valves also actuated from the mechanism
employed for operating the tables, and this valve may in some cases be similar to
that above described for controlling the action of the table operating hydraulic
rams, and be included or arranged in the same casing with said valve.
The hydraulic rams for pressing the material are actuated by liquid controlled
by the slide valve first specified, and they are lifted in the return stroke by small
rams arranged say above them and connected with them, which rams
controlled as to their action by this valve.
are also
The movement of the hydraulic ram valve controlling device by which their
descent is effected takes place when the table has been moved a partial revolution
and locked by the detent, that is at the end of the stroke of the table actuating
ram; whilst their withdrawal or upstrokes takes place before the commencement of
motion of the following stroke or movement of the table. This is effected by
a tappet arrangement in connection with the liquid distribution valve of the
hydraulic rams, which is operated by or through the return movement of the table
actuating device, prior to the end of its stroke; so that liquid is supplied to said
lifting cylinders of the rams and such rams are lifted from the table and are
therefore clear thereof before the commencement of the active strokes of the
table.
A controlling or regulating valve, of the kind above described, is also provided
on this system of pipes used in connection with the lifting cylinder, whereby the
strokes of said rams may be quick in one direction and slow in the other.
This device may be provided anywhere where this differential rate of movement is
required.
Means for discharging the cakes after being pressed are provided, and in one form
consist of a plate or other presser connected with the rams and operated thereby ;
the connection being carried out through increasing mechanism such as by levers,
whereby the stroke of said presser is greater than that of the rams.
This presser
moves downwards and presses the cakes out of the "forme
or face plate.
"
or chamber in the table
The operation of this machine is, that the meal in the desired condition is fed by
suitable shoots down into the spaces or chambers in the table to receive it; it is then
carried forward in charges by the rotation of the table under the hydraulic press
die, where it is pressed to the required degree into the cake; after which it is then
further moved by the further rotation of the table under the discharging devices,
where it is discharged from the chambers in the table through a corresponding or
suitable aperture in the base. From here, in some cases, it is conveyed away by an
endless conveyor provided under it, to any suitable point of discharge. This action
of charging the cake chambers with meal, pressing same, and then discharging the
cakes produced, is carried on continuously, and a great output of cakes is made.
When the table is hydraulically operated by a lever or ratchet device, we may
employ two single acting rams disposed face to face in line, or side by side, and
connected and working upon different parts of such device.
Drawings illustrative of this invention are hereto annexed, and form part of this
Specification.

page_text: The drawings in the Figures, 1 to 6, given, illustrate a hydraulic cake press
having combined in it all the improvements under our invention, and particularly
designed and adapted to make cakes from meals such as are used in making what
are ordinarily called "compound" cakes. In these drawings, Figure 1 (which is
shewn in halves on the line X X on different sheets) is a sectional elevation of the
press. Figure 2 is another sectional elevation taken at right angles to that shewn
in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a plan of the machine or press, partly in section, at the
line A A Figure 1. Figure 4 is another sectional plan taken at the line B B
Figure 1 whilst Figure 5 is a sectional plan shewing more particularly the
mechanisin for actuating the revolving matrix plate, and valves. Figure 6 is a
diagrammatic view illustrative of the moving parts of the arrangements of
hydraulic connections and valves used in the machinery illustrated in Figures 1
to 5.
Figures 7 and 8 are sectional elevations shewing a modified construction of the
press illustrated in Figures 1 to 5.
The same letters and figures of reference are used to denote the same or like
parts throughout all the figures of the drawings.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 1 to 6 of the drawings, a are the two
rams of the press, each having at their lower end a die a¹ and crosshead a sliding in
guides a³ are cylinders in which the rams a work, these being formed in the
head of the press, the said head being carried by and connected with the base by
columns c. d are small rams, and d' cylinders in the head b¹, by which the return
stroke of the ram a is effected, the connection of the rams d and a being through the
upper crosshead d², and side rods d³ connected therewith, and with brackets d' on
the crosshead a² of the ram a.
The revolving matrix table or plate is generally designated e, and consists of a
disc of suitable depth mounted on the central shaft e', and having a plurality of
chambers or matrices e² therein, arranged in a circle and equi-distant apart; and/
is a bed on the base f' on which the matrix disc e is mounted and rests, constituting
a bottom to the chambers e² when under the rams a, and feeding spouts g, and in
fact any other part except those where the cakes are discharged. 2 are the feet
of the base f¹, and f³ a boss in the centre of said base in which the axis of the table
or disc e is carried, and also that of the ratchet wheel mechanism hereafter
described, by which the said disc is rotated. The matrices e² are tapered outward
towards the lower side of same in order to render the ejection of the cakes capable
of accomplishment without breakage.
his a ratchet wheel fixed upon the shaft e¹ (which is common to this wheel and
the disce) through which the disce is rotated, said ratchet wheel being actuated by
hydraulically operated rams i * working in cylinders and connected together
by a box crosshead 2. A hollow sliding block 3 works in the crosshead, and is
connected with a lever ¹ carrying a pawl h2, which is pressed transversely towards
the wheel by a spring 3, and adapted to engage with the periphery of said
wheel, and impart to it a partial revolution for each oscillation or vibration.
it receives by the action of the rams i.
The means for holding the matrix disc e in the correct position after each
operation, and centering it under the rams a, so as to cause the matrices e² to lie
truly under the dies a', consists of hydraulically operated rams and cylinders placed
one on either side of the machine. The cylinders of these are designated the rams
being. The end of the rams j' are provided with a V shaped nose 2 which is
adapted to engage with corresponding provisions or recesses in the disc e. In each
centering device, between the nose and rams j', is an annular space ³, in which is
disposed a spring, which secures the return action of said ram and nose by the
reactive force of the spring pressing upon the collar j, on the part jo, the opposite
end being held on the casing by studs or the like.
The means for ejecting or discharging the cakes from the matrix disc consists of
a presser plate on the end of a hollow shaft k mounted and working in the
sleeve k on the crosshead a³, the hollow shaft k' being supported from the sleeve k²

page_text: by the lever and connecting rod ; and the lever being supported by the
bracket on the sleeve k², the lever k³ being supported at its outer end to the
base by a rod. By this arrangement, the presser plate k, in its active movement
downwards, is operated by the descent of the sleeve 2 which moves with the ram a,
and also by the action of the downward movement, by such sleeve, of the lever k³,
thereby causing the stroke of the device to be greater than that of the ram, and
so causing it to pass through the matrices e² in the disc e.
The means of removing the cakes discharged from the press consists of bands
running over pulleys l' under the bed f, and onto which the cakes are pressed from
the matrices. By this means, the cakes are automatically conveyed from the
press to the point desired.
As regards the valves by which the flow of liquid to and from the ram cylinders
is effected and controlled, two sets of valves and mechanism are employed, one for
controlling the action of the strokes of the pressing rams a, and one for controlling
the action of the centering devices and stops connected with the matrix disc e, the
return or upstroke action of the rams a, and the rams for operating or rotating said
matrix disc e. These valves and actuating mechanism are arranged in connection
with the rams i ix, and are operated through same. Of these valves, which may be
of any suitable construction, m is that which controls the flow of liquid to and from
the cylinders and the action of the rams a; whilst n is that which controls the
flow of liquid to and from the cylinder i and the centering rams; and m¹ and n¹ are
the valve spindles of said valves, respectively. These valve spindles are connected
to rods m² and n², respectively, which are carried across the front of the machine
and supported at their opposite ends in bearings or brackets o.
cylinders of the rams iix are connected together by slide bars, between and
on which the cross head slides to and fro. On the upper of said bars, a part of
the tappet mechanism by which the valve m is worked, is carried & is adjustable
lengthwise thereon: this mechanism is particularly described hereafter in the
description of the operation of the whole press.
21
The two
The means by which the rate of flow of the liquid to and from the pressing ram
cylinders b, and the cylinders i¹¹× for actuating the matrix disc e, and the rate of
action of the rams in their opposite stroke, which is a differential one, is effected, is
shewn in the diagrammatic drawing Figure 6. They each consist of a valvular
device comprising passages v v² to which the pipes connected with said rams for
conveying the liquid to and from same are fixed; a non-return valve v³ adapted to
open by the flow of liquid returning from the cylinder, and a regulating spindle v
for controlling the amount of opening or area of passage x in which said valve
works for the flow of liquid; a non-return valve opening by the flow of liquid
passing to the rams and closing in the opposite direction; and having a controlling
or regulating spindle for controlling the area of passage vex above said valve
through which the liquid passes. By this means, by the valves vs and v³, the flow
to the ram can only take place in one direction, and can only return by the other,
and both of which passages are controlled or capable of regulation by the
regulating spindles vs and v, so that the rate of flow to and from the cylinders inay
be differentiated as desired.
In some cases the two meal feeding shoots g are connected with separate kettles,
in which the meal supplied to the press is heated or cooked, and thus are entirely
independent of each other; and when different materials are treated in the different
kettles, two classes of cakes can be pressed or produced simultaneously.
It will be seen that each press ram cylinder is provided with a separate pipe s
and separate valvular device v. By this means the passage of said device
-connected with either of the ram cylinders by the regulating spindles v, or by a
separate valve thereon, can be put out of operation, and will move up to and keep
up out of action automatically, and either side of the press can be worked by itself
when desired; which is of advantage when dis-similar materials from separate
supplies are being manipulated, one on each side of the press.
As regards the actions of the different parts, and the press as a whole, these will

page_text: now be described. The pressing rams are by means of the device caused to move.
slowly in their descending or active stroke, and relatively quickly in the return.
stroke; whilst the discharging ejector device k moves at a greater rate and has a
greater length of stroke than the rams a, and by this means the device k is moved
clear of the press table sooner than or at least at the same time as the disc a¹ of the..
press rams.
The
As regards the cylinders ¹¹x and rams thereof, ¹× is of smaller diameter than i¹,.
and on this ram the pressure of liquid from the pressure main constantly acts, and
therefore comes into action whenever the pressure on the ram i is removed.
return stroke of the rams ii* is effected by the hydraulic liquid being supplied to.
the larger ram by the mechanism hereafter described, whilst the out stroke, by
which the lever and the ratchet wheel his operated, is by the said smaller
cylinder ¿¹×
i
As regards the whole cycle of operation, it will be assumed that such cycle-
commences with the return back or home of the crosshead 2, that is, with the
completion of the inward stroke of the ram i*. In this return stroke or action and
at the end thereof, the projecting tappet bar p on the crosshead 2 comes in contact.
with the stop ³ on the bar n² and thereby moves the valve rod n² and valve /
inwards, that is to the right hand, so that the port n of said valve is put in.
communication with the exhaust port no, whereby such cylinder is put in
communication with the said exhaust port by way of the pipe 7, whereupon the
direct pressure of the pressure main 2, acting upon the smaller right hand ram i*,
reverses the rams and commences the out stroke, forcing the liquid from the
cylinder through the device at the desired rate into the exhaust port n', the
exhaust liquid passing through this device through the larger passage by way of
the valve which it lifts off its seat. The exhaust action thus being relatively
free, the stroke may be performed at a relatively high rate, and accordingly as the
regulating spindle is more or less withdrawn from the passage of the valve v³, so.
will be the outward stroke of the ram i*, and consequently the rate of rotation of
the matrix disc e. This rotation is effected in this stroke by the ratchet lever /¹.
being moved, the pawl 2 of which engages with the periphery of the wheel and
carries such wheel round with it a sixth of a revolution, so moving the matrix
disc e an equivalent part of a circle. By this movement two of the matrices e*,.
with freshly filled or charged meal from the shoots g, will be moved under the
rains a, those matrices having pressed cakes within them moved under the
discharging pressers k, and the empty matrices moved from under such pressers k,.
under the meal shoots When the crosshead 2 and ram ix has arrived at the end
of this forward stroke, the tappet bar-p comes in contact with the stop nº on the
rod n², and also with the stop m³ on the rod m², simultaneously, thereby putting
the port of the valve n in connection with the supply of liquid under pressure-
from the pipe 2, and with the cylinder by way of the pipe q, causing thereby
the commencement of the return stroke of the rams and lever ', and moving
also the valve m as to open the port m², and put the pressure main ' thereof in.
connection with the ram cylinders by way of the pipes s, thereby admitting
liquid under pressure to said cylinders. Upon these actions taking place, by the-
opening of the port n* of the valve n, the noses 2 of the centering stops are
firstly forced into the recesses provided for them in the periphery of the disc e,.
thereby bringing the matrices e directly under, i.e. dead true under, the press rams
and holding them in their position. Then the rams a are thereupon pressed down-
wards, but the rate of movement of this stroke will be relatively slow, as the liquid
has to flow by way of the restricted passages 6x controlled by the regulating
spindles of the devices v connected with these rams. This relatively slow stroke
is necessary and should not take less time than 2 seconds. That is about this.
length of time is the least that should be used, and when some kinds of meal is
used, as much as 7 to 10 seconds is required as the duration of time that the
pressure on the material must exist to give to the cake the required pressure and
strength and to overcome any natural elasticity of the material and give it a.
g.

page_text: permanent "set." These characteristics as regards the timing of the strokes have
special reference to cases where the cakes are being made of materials such as are
used in making what are commonly called "compound" cattle feeding cakes, the
duration or pressure in such a case being longer in proportion as the percentage of
oil is less. The return stroke of the press rams may be performed as quickly as
may be done with safety.
During these operations, the return stroke of the rams ii* has been slowly
taking place, taking with them the lever h¹; and when this has reached a certain
point the upper inclined edge of the tappet projection p comes in contact with the
inner inclined edge of the vertical sliding piece m' mounted and adapted to slide
vertically in the support m² fixed on the upper bar, said sliding piece m being
connected with the rod m² of the valve m through the bell crank lever m³ and
rod m³. The inclined edge of the part p action on the under end of the slide m
lifts same and so moves the valve rod m² and valve m to the right, thereby putting
the port m connected with the pipes f of the ram cylinders in communication
with the exhaust port m³, thereby opening said ram cylinders with the exhaust.
Upon this action taking place, the free exhaust of liquid from the ram cylinders >>
can take place by way of the valves v³ of the valve devices v, and the rams a are
lifted by the rams d¹ which are in constant connection directly with the pressure
liquid service pipes, and thereby the dies a¹ of such rams are lifted relatively
quickly in their return stroke, out of the matrix disc e.
Simultaneously with this operation, that is, with the descent of the ram a, the
pressers or ejectors k are moved, and thus, as well as the meal in the matrices e²
under the rams a being compressed and formed into cakes, the finished cake in
other of said matrices under the presser ejectors k, are ejected from said matrices,
through apertures in the bed onto the endless conveyors / below same, and carried
away whilst the other two matrices are charged with fresh meal from the hopper
shoots g.
By the further motion of the rams i, the projecting tappet p comes at the end of
the stroke in contact with the stop n³, when the operation of the valve n is operated
as above specified, and the cycle repeated. Thus the whole operations of the
moving parts of the press are automatic and hydraulically effected.
The complete movement of the valves m, to the required position, is assured, by
the tumbling weighted levers m10 and no, which in each actuation of the valve
rods m² and n² by the tappet mechanism, are positively moved from one position, in
which they tend to press said valve rods in one direction, over into another beyond
their centres of supports, and being connected with said valve rods, the weights
tending to fall in this direction then act in pressing said valve rods in the direction
in which they are being moved, and so render the completion of the full stroke of
such valve rods certain.
As regards the pressure of liquid-as oil-which may be used with advantage,
that is to say, to obtain the desirable hardness of cake and with a reasonably
compact press, about from 1 to 2 tons per square inch on the pressing rams is a
suitable pressure.
The modification shewn in Figures 7 and 8 consists mainly of the inverse
arrangement of that shewn in Figures 1 to 5, wherein the rams a and their
cylinders are disposed below the matrix dise e, their active stroke being upwards.
In this arrangement the head constitutes a simple resistance girder or beam,
whilst the cylinders will be formed in or connected with the base of the machine.
The other parts will be arranged, virtually, identically the same as those shewn in
Figures 1 to 5.
The feeding meal-shoots g are disposed on the upper side of the matrix disc e,
and the meal falls down into the matrices e, as in the press above described, it
being held in such matrices, or prevented from falling out, by the plate e, which
forms a fixed bottom to them, but is capable of being easily removed, by the
construction of the means by which it is supported. This consists of brackets c
on the columns c, on which such plate rests, and when in place are fastened, as

page_text: by bolts or other suitable means; and to remove the plate, it is provided with
gaps by which, when turned round to the brackets e², allow it to be lowered; and
so access is had to the underside of the disc e for examination, cleaning, or other
purposes, when desired.
The parts of this press against which the meal is pressed consist of anvils f. fixed
on the underside of the head b¹..
The cakes when completed are removed or ejected by a presser plate device k,.
operated in the same manner as that set forth with reference to Figure 1', the
cakes as ejected being taken off the disc e by hand, or by any suitable contrivance.
It is to be stated that while the whole invention has been more particularly
described with reference to a complete organized press having all our improve-
ments or novel features employed in combination therein, such improvements.
(which are specified, pointed out, or referred to in the claiming clauses con--
cluding this Specification) are not necessarily dependent upon each other, but
may, one or more of them, be used individually, as well as conjointly, in presses for
making cattle feeding cakes from meal, which may differ materially, as to form or
arrangement, froin that which is herein more particularly set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. An automatically hydraulically operated press by which cattle feeding cakes
are made from meal, and comprising hydraulic rams for pressing said meal into
cakes; a revolving matrix plate or device; and means and valve mechanism,,
automatically operated by said press; and adapted to continuously and auto-
matically feed meal to said matrix plate, press meal therein, and discharge the
cakes so made therefrom; operating according to the method and in the manner
substantially as herein set forth.
2. The herein described improvement in machinery for making cattle feeding.
cakes from meal, consisting of or comprising in such machinery, a horizontal
revolving matrix plate supported and working on a bed below, and having a
number of chambers or matrices arranged circularly therein; one or more.
vertically operating rams; a hydraulic ram or rams by which the rotation of
said matrix plate is effected; and a valve or valves, and tappet mechanism,, by
which said valves are operated, by which the action of the press and rotation of
the table is effected; operating substantially as in the manner and for the
purposes set forth.
3. In hydraulic machinery of the class herein referred to for making cattle.
feeding cakes from meal, the combination with the ram or rams thereof, of an.
ejecting or discharging device operated by said pressing rams, whereby the cakes.
are discharged; operating substantially as and in the manner and for the purposes.
set forth.
4. In hydraulic machinery of the class herein referred to for making cattle.
feeding cakes from meal, the combination with the revolving matrix plate or device
thereof; of a centering device or devices and stops hydraulically moved to and fro,.
whereby said matrix plate is centered, and the matrices are brought correctly in
position under or above the said rams, and held there while the meal is being
pressed by said rams, and then withdrawn ; and valves and tappet mechanism
operated by said press automatically, and whereby the operation of said centering
devices and stops are automatically effected; operating substantially as in the
manner and for the purposes set forth.
5. In hydraulic machinery of the class herein referred to for making cattle
feeding cakes from meal, the combination and arrangement with the pressing ram
or rams and cylinders thereof, of rams and cylinders disposed above said pressing
cylinders and rams, and connected therewith, by which the return action or stroke
of said pressing ram or rams is or are effected; operating substantially as and for
the purposes described.

page_text: 6. In hydraulic machinery of the class herein referred to for making cattle
feeding cakes from meal, the combination of means, operating substantially as
described, by which the opposite strokes of said rams are effected at different rates
of speed; for the purposes described.
7. In hydraulic machinery of the class herein referred to for making cattle
feeding cakes from meal, the combination of means, operating substantially as
described, by which the opposite strokes of the matrix plate actuating ram or
rams thereof is or are effected at different rates of speed; for the purposes set
forth.
8. In hydraulic machinery of the class herein referred to for making cattle
eeding cakes from meal, a pressure fluid distribution valve or valves and tappet
mechanism by which said valve or valves is or are operated and said pressure fluid
distributed; arranged and adapted to operate substantially as set forth with
reference to and as shewn in the drawings.
Dated this 11th day of May 1894.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.