IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING-, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO LITHOGRAPHIC. PRINTING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Servante, junior, of Charlton Crescent, in
the County of Middlesex, Printing Machine Manager, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING,
Sealed the 3rd June 1873, and dated the 7th December 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Servante at the:
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1872.
MACHINES
I, DAVID SERVANTE, junior, of Charlton Crescent, in the County of
Middlesex, Printing Machine Manager, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FOR LETTER-PRESS
PRINTING, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO LITHOGRAPHIC.
PRINTING," to be as follows :—
My Invention of improvements in machines for letter-press printing
relates chiefly to that class of printing machinė known as rotary.
machines, and the first part of my Invention consists in a novel mode of
"locking up" or securing to the type cylinder a number of stereotype.
A

page_text: plates so that they can readily be shifted or adjusted on the surface of
the type cylinder so as to produce good register. For this purpose I
form in that part of the type cylinder to which the stereo plates are
intended to be secured, any convenient number of V shaped grooves
which are widest at top. The stereotype plates having been placed
in position upon the type cylinder, clips, catches or blocks having pro-
jecting heads are slipped along the grooves until they come against the
edges of the stereotype plates where they partially overlap. These catches
are made with a feather which works in a groove in the side of the
V grooves and they are secured in the required position in the V grooves
by means of wooden wedges which are driven into the V shaped groove.
In order to get true register or to alter the pitch I make the carriages
of the impression cylinders adjustable in their bearings by means of
adjusting screws or wedges, so that the distance between the two
impression cylinders may be varied to suit the work. The type cylinders
are also made adjustable in the same way for the purpose of getting the
overlay" into correct position, or for adjusting the register.
66
It is sometimes necessary to put more ink or ink of a better quality
upon one part of the type cylinder than upon another as is the case
where illustrations occur. As these parts require more and better ink
than the letter-press it is desirable to supply them with such increased
quantity without unnecessarily blackening the rest of the work. I
accomplish this object by employing two ducts and two vibrators, one of
which will supply the ink to that part of the type cylinder which carries
the illustrations, while the other will supply the ink to the rest of the type.
By this means I am enabled to vary the quality or the quantity of ink
as may seem desirable, and in accordance with the nature of the work.
In cylinder machines where tapes are used to carry the paper through
the machine it is found that the thickened portions of the tapes where
they are joined are apt to alter the register. This defect I remedy by
using thin cord or wire in the place of tape, and I pass it several times
round the machine in order to get the requisite strength, the ends of the
wire being tied together.
My next improvement has for its object the better working of the
"drop bar" for nipping the paper and carrying it from the feeding :
board into the machine. In order to avoid as far as possible any slip
upon the paper (to be fed into the machine) it is desirable that the

page_text: "drop" of this bar should be sudden. To this end I carry the drop bar
at the ends of two long levers which are mounted on a rock shaft which
works in bearings in the main frame of the machine. To the outer end
of this rock shaft I secure a short lever having a bowle at its outer end,
which bowle works in a groove in a face cam also mounted on the side
frame of the machine and driven by gearing from the "taking up
drum. By this means I am enabled to use a larger cam than usual, and
this together with the difference between the levers on the rock shaft
secures a much more abrupt action to the drop bar than has heretofore
"
at the ends of two long levers which are mounted on a rock shaft which
works in bearings in the main frame of the machine. To the outer end
of this rock shaft I secure a short lever having a bowle at its outer end,
5 which bowle works in a groove in a face cam also mounted on the side
frame of the machine and driven by gearing from the "taking up"
drum. By this means I am enabled to use a larger cam than usual, and
this together with the difference between the levers on the rock shaft
secures a much more abrupt action to the drop bar than has heretofore
been attainable.
The next head of the Invention has for its object such an arrangement
of ink feeding rollers as shall do away with the necessity for cutting
away the "vibrators" as at present practised. In order to effect this
object I place a composition roller in contact with the ductor roller and
another composition roller in contact with the distributing table or
drum, and between these two rollers I place a vibrating roller formed of
a rod of metal having upon it adjustable metal rings. These rings can
be fixed upon the rod in any desired number or position to suit the work
in hand, and will take the ink from the ductor roller and supply it to
the distributing table or drum only where required.
In order to dry the "set off" on the blanket and set off sheet, I
propose to heat the impression cylinder either by jets of gas placed inside
the cylinders, or by making the cylinders steam-tight, and introducing
into them high pressure steam through their axles; or I may
if thought
desirable use a separate cylinder heated in the same way for the set off
sheets to pass over. When the ink has become dry or hard it may be
detached or removed from the set off roller or blanket by means of
rotary brushes mounted in a box, and driven at suitable speed from
any convenient part of the machine.
In cold weather the composition rollers used in printing machines
get hard and will not then act so well as in warmer weather; the ink
also gets stiff and unsuitable for the work and causes the type to stick
and tear the sheet. To remedy this evil I propose to warm the type
cylinder and the ink distributing drums or tables by means of steam or
jets of gas, so that the temperature of the parts may be kept uniform
and at the proper degree of heat.

page_text: The next part of my Invention relates to an improved mode of
adjusting the "lay" of the sheets, so that a good register may be
ensured without the necessity for " pointing." In order to effect this
object I feed the sheets in at the side of the machine instead of at the
end in the usual manner. The sheet is nipped by a drop bar and roller,
and is carried by endless tapes on to a second table placed over the first
impression cylinder and up to an adjustable stop or fence which stops
the sheet at the required point, and thus secures the requisite side
adjustment. Another fence at the back of the sheet is then made to
advance and push the sheet into the machine. This back stop is pushed
forward by projections on the impression cylinder, which projections are
by the rotation of the cylinder brought to bear against pins attached to
the under side of the stop, and hanging down therefrom through slots
in the table. The rollers for the carrying tapes are made adjustable,
so as to bring the tapes nearer to or farther from the table, by which
means their carrying power is controlled and the slots in the table are
bevilled away on their uppermost edge, so that they may offer no
obstruction to the passage of the sheet of paper.
The next part of my Invention relates to an improved mode of
operating the vibrator so as to better regulate the supply of ink to the
distributing rollers or tables. To effect this object I fix at the end of
the ductor roller a cam for the purpose of lifting and letting fall the
vibrator. This cam is made very wide and at one edge the lifting
portion is made short (say one-twelfth of a revolution), and it gradually
widens to the other edge where it may extend to say one-half of a
revolution. On the end of the rock shaft (which carries the arms
supporting the vibrator) is an arm or lever, one end being keyed to the
rock shaft the other end having a bowle which bears upon the edge of the
cam on the ductor roller. This bowle is capable of being shifted by
means of a screw, so as to cause it to bear upon any part of the cam
that may be desired, and thus to regulate the time that the vibrator is in
contact with the ductor and consequently the quantity of ink taken up
by the vibrators and transferred to the ink distributing drum or table. By
these means I am enabled to regulate the colour or tone of the work to
the greatest nicety without varying the pressure of the vibrator, either
upon the ductor roller or upon the ink distributing drums. When the
wheels of rotary printing machines become worn or if they are worked
out of the pitch line, there is a tendency of the machine to get out of

page_text: register, or off the overlays. To remedy this defect I propose to provide
the impression cylinders or the type cylinder with a wheel and break,
so that the machine may be steadied when required. In machines used
for printing in two or more colours I propose to use grippers in con-
junction with tapes for holding the sheet, so as to prevent it from being
shifted by the drag of the machine.
In machines where rollers are used for carrying the ink from the
distributing drum to the type cylinder I propose to mount the ink
distributing drum and carrying roller together in side frames, which are
raised and lowered by means of cams. By this means the carrying
roller will be kept in contact with the ink distributing drum at the
same time that it is supplying ink to the type cylinder, thus ensuring
a more equable supply of ink to the type.
In order to ensure a better register I mount the type cylinder in
moveable bearings provided with adjusting screws in such a manner
that the type cylinders may be moved further in or further out as may.
be required. The inking rollers are mounted with one end in a frame
which rocks upon the axle of the type cylinder. By giving this frame
an up-and-down movement (by means of a suitable cam) I am enabled
to raise and lower one end of the inking roller, and thus give them a
slight end wise movement to and fro across the form.
My next improvement has for its object the providing a better mode
of fixing stereotype or electrotype plates to the type cylinders. For this
purpose I fit the type cylinders with moveable frames made of iron.
These frames are made with cross bars forming a sort of network or
honeycomb, the interstices of which are filled with blocks of wood
driven in from the under side. The frames are curved to fit the cylinder
and are secured in their places by screws, and will thus provide a
surface of wood to which the stereo plates can be nailed without the
danger of warping, and by having two or more sets adapted to each
cylinder one set may be got ready whilst another is in use.
My next improvements relates more particularly to that class of printing
machine for which I obtained Letters Patent, bearing date January 19th
1870, No. 170.
In the present arrangement I employ two type cylinders to each
impression cylinder, making the impression cylinder twice the size of
the type cylinder. Each type cylinder I provide with its proper arrange--

page_text: ment of inking and distributing rollers, and I am thus enabled to print
in two colours on both sides or in four colours on one side of a sheet.
Instead of taking off the sheets inside the machine between the two sets
of impression and type cylinders I now mount the taking-off apparatus
upon a separate frame placed outside the machine.
When printing one side only of the sheet it will. pass from the first to
the second cylinder and be delivered outside the machine, but when
printing both sides of the sheet it will pass from the first over the second
cylinder to the inside of the machine; from thence it will be carried
down by tapes under the inking apparatus, and be delivered on to a table
at the bottom of the machine, also outside.
The taking-off apparatus is the same as that described in my previous
Patent, but will be provided with two tables and two fly frames, one
placed on a level with the impression cylinder, the other immediately
below it near the floor. The fly frames are both secured to the same
rod, and are worked simultaneously by the same cam.
The taking-off tables and fly frames are made detachable from the
machine to allow of ready access to the type cylinders for the purpose
of arranging and preparing the form thereon.
My next improvement relates to a novel arrangement for "locking up"
or securing the "plates" to the type cylinders in rotary printing
machines, so that they can be readily removed for " underlaying" or for
altering the register. To effect this V shaped iron bars are screwed to
the cylinder in the form of a cross, the widest part being uppermost.
The plates are cast type high and with a bevel edge to correspond with
the V shaped bars. The "head furniture" is made with a bevil at each
end, one end to fit the V shaped cross bars, the other end to fit the
gutter furniture," which is also V shaped like the cross bars, and has
the ends bevilled to fit the cross bars. When the plates are in their
places with their "head" and "gutter furniture" the whole is clamped
together by set screws carried by blocks screwed to the cylinder. The
cylinder has tapped holes made in it to allow of the screw blocks being
shifted to suit the varying sizes of plates. The screw blocks are also
made in sections for the same purpose.
"
In order that I may be enabled to ink the type twice or three times
before taking an impression I propose to make the impression cylinder

page_text: as much larger than the type cylinder as may be necessary to allow of
my doing so.
The last part of my improvements consist in making a clip or clamp
to be tightened by side screws for the purpose of holding the plates on to
the type cylinder wider at the "entering end" (or that end which first
comes upon the impression cylinder) than the leaving end, so that the
drive" of the machine may not shift the plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Servante in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th June 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
SERVANTE, junior, of Charlton Crescent, in the County of Middlesex,
Printing Machine Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said David Servante, junior, Her special licence that
I, the said David Servante, junior, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said David Servante, junior, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR LETTER-PRESS PRINTING, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said David Servante, junior, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Servante, junior, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :-
My Invention of improvements in machines for letter-press printing
relates chiefly to that class of printing machine known as rotary
machines, but some of the improvements are also applicable to litho-
graphic printing machines.
The first part of my Invention consists in a novel mode of "locking
up" or securing to the type cylinder a number of stereotype plates, so
that they can readily be shifted or adjusted on the surface of the type
cylinder, so as to produce good register. This improvement is shewn in
Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings in which Fig. 1 is a transverse
section of the type cylinder of a printing machine; Fig. 2 is a plan view
of part of the surface of the cylinder developed or laid out flat, so that
its construction may be more clearly seen and easily understood.
It will be seen that the surface of the type cylinder to which the
stereo plates are intended to be secured is made with any convenient
number of V shaped grooves a, a, which are widest at the top. The
stereotype plate 6, Fig. 2, having been placed in position upon the type
cylinder clips, catches, or blocks c, c, (one of which is shewn detached at
Fig. 8, and which clips or catches c are provided with projecting
heads c¹, c¹), are slipped along the grooves a, a, until they come against
the edges of the stereotype plate b, where they partially overlap, as will
be seen at Fig. 2, and in the detached sectional view, Fig. 4. These
catches c, c, are made with a feather or wedge form foot c³ (see Figures 3
and 4) which works in a groove of a corresponding shape at the bottom
of the V grooves a, a. When the clips have been properly placed, as in
Fig. 2, they are secured in the required position in the V grooves a, a,
by means of wooden wedges d, d, which are driven into the V shaped
groove, as shewn at Figures 2 and 4.
In order to ensure true register or to alter the pitch I make the
carriages of the impression cylinders adjustable in their bearings by
means of adjusting screws or wedges, so that the distance between the
two impression cylinders may be varied to suit the work. The type.

page_text: cylinders are also made adjustable in the same way for the purpose of
getting the "overlay" into correct position, or for adjusting the
register.
Fig. 5, Sheet I., is a side elevation, and Fig. 6 a plan view of an
adjustable bearing for the impression cylinders and type cylinders for the
purpose of effecting the above object. The axle e of the cylinder is held
between two blocks e', e', which are capable of being moved in the
slotted frame f, and held securely at any point at which it may be
adjusted therein by means of the screws g, I. It will be obvious that by
unscrewing one of these screws g, and tightening up the other, the axle e
and with it the cylinder to which it belongs, may be moved slightly
backward or forward as may be required to ensure true register.
Before, however, this adjustment is made the toothed wheels, whereby
the cylinders are actuated, must be loosened on their 'axles, so that the
cylinders may be prevented from turning on the axes when the adjust-
ment is made. In order to facilitate this object the toothed wheels,
instead of being keyed fast on to the axle of the cylinders, are held in
place thereon by means of jam nuts, which can be easily loosened and
tightened up again when required.
It is sometimes necessary to put more ink or ink of a better quality
upon one part of the type or form than upon another part, as is the case
where illustrations occur. As these latter parts require more and better
ink than the letter-press it is desirable to supply them with such
increased quantity without unnecessarily blackening the rest of the work.
I accomplish this object by employing two sets of inking apparatus, each
provided with a ductor, and vibrator, and distributing rollers, one of
these inking apparatus will supply the ink to that part of the type
cylinder which carries the illustrations, while the other will supply the
ink to the rest of the type. This improvement is shown at Fig. 7,
Sheet I., in which represents the type cylinder and I and I* the two sets
of inking rollers which, if required, may be supplied with different
qualities of ink. By this means I am enabled to vary the quality or the
quantity of ink as may seem desirable and in accordance with the nature
of the work.
.
In cylinder machines where tapes are used to carry the paper through
the machine it is found that the thickened portions of the tapes where
they are joined are apt to alter the register. This defect I remedy by
using thin cord or wire in the place of tape, and I pass it several times

page_text: In order to dry the "set off" on the blanket and set off sheet or roller,
I heat the impression cylinders either by jets of gas placed inside the
cylinders, or by making the cylinders steam-tight, and introducing into
them high-pressure.steam through their axles, or, if thought desirable, a
separate cylinder may be used and heated in the same way, so that when
the set off sheets pass over this heated cylinder the ink will be dried on
the sheet. When the ink has become dry or hard, it may be detached
or removed from the set off roller, sheet, or blanket by means of rotary
brushes mounted in a box, and driven at suitable speed from any con-
venient part of the machine.
In cold weather the composition rollers used in printing machines get
hard and will not then act so well as in warmer weather; the ink also
gets stiff and unsuitable for the work, and causes the type to stick and
tear the sheet. To remedy this evil I warm the type cylinder and the
ink distributing drums or tables by means of steam or jets of gas, so
that the temperature of the parts may be kept uniform and at the proper
degree of heat.
The next part of my Invention relates to an improved mode of adjust-
ing the "lay" of the sheets so that a good register may be ensured
without the necessity for pointing. This improvement is shewn in Sheet
II., in which Fig. 13 is a plan view of so much of a printing machine
as will be sufficient to explain the Invention; Fig. 14 is an end view of
the same, and Fig. 15 is a longitudinal vertical section. The sheets of
paper are fed in from the table n, which is placed at the side of the
machine instead of at the end in the usual manner. The sheet when
moved forward by the attendant is nipped by a drop bar and roller o,
and is carried by endless tapes p, p, on to another part n¹ of the table n,
which is placed over the first impression cylinder, as shewn by dots in
Fig. 13.
The sheet is carried forward up to adjustable stops or fences
p', p', which stop the sheet at the required point, and thus secure the
requisite side adjustment of the sheet. Other fences p², p³, at the back
of the sheet are then made to advance and push the sheet into the
machine. These back stops p² are pushed forward by fingers or pro-
jections q, q, on the ends of the impression cylinder. These fingers or
projections are by the rotation of the cylinder brought to bear against
pins on a bar or frame q' attached to the under side of the stops p³ and
hanging down therefrom through slots in the table. When the fingers
have carried forward the stops p² and thereby pushed the sheet to the

page_text: carried back to their normal position by means of a spring q³. The
rollers for the carrying tapes are made adjustable so as to bring the tapes
nearer to or farther from the table, by which means their carrying power
is controlled. The slots in the table are bevilled away on their upper-
most edge so that they may offer no obstruction to the passage of the
sheet of paper. Although I have shewn this improvement as adapted
to a rotary printing machine, it will be evident that it is also applicable
to other printing, and I intend to apply it to lithographic printing
machines.
The next part of my Invention relates to an improved mode of
operating the vibrator so as to better regulate the supply of ink to the
distributing rollers or tables. This improvement is shewn in Sheet III.,
in which Fig. 16 is a front view and Fig. 17 an end view of part of the
ink distributing apparatus. In order to effect the intended object I fix
at the end of the ductor roller a cam * for the purpose of lifting and
letting fall the vibrating roller ¹. On referring to Fig. 16 it will be
seen that this cam * is made very wide or long, and at one end thereof
the lifting portion is made short (say from one-eighth to one-twelfth of
the circumference, as indicated by dots at Fig. 17) and it gradually
widens to the other end, where it may extend to say one-half of the
periphery of the cam. On the end of the rock shaft & (which carries the
arms that support the vibrator r³) is a pair of arms or levers, ³, to
which a screw is adapted, and on the screw is mounted a bowle 8*,
which bears upon the cam * on the ductor roller r. This bowle is
capable of being moved or shifted laterally by turning the screw 8'. In
this manner the bowle s* may be caused to bear upon any part of the
cam * that may be desired, and thus the time that the vibrator is in
contact with the ductor may be regulated, and consequently the
quantity of ink taken up by the vibrator and transferred to the ink
distributing drum or table may be adjusted with accuracy. By these
means I am enabled to regulate the colour or tone of the work to the
greatest nicety without varying the pressure of the vibrator either upon
the ductor roller or upon the ink distributing drum.
When the wheels of rotary printing machines become worn, or if they

page_text: the impression cylinder or the type cylinder with a wheel and break so
that the machine may be steadied when required.
In machines used for printing in two or more colours I use grippers in
conjunction with tapes for holding the sheet so as to prevent it from
being shifted by the drag of the machine.
In machines where rollers are used for carrying the ink from the dis-
tributing drum to the type cylinder I mount the ink distributing drum
and carrying roller together in side frames, which are raised and lowered
by means of cams.
This improvement is shewn at Fig. 18, Sheet IV. At each end of
the axle of the type cylinder a is a cam a*, shewn by dots in the Figure.
These cams rotate in slots at the upper end of the side frames t, in which
are mounted in suitable bearings the distributing drum r, and the dis-
tributing roller. As the type cylinder a rotates the cam a* will lift
up the side frames t, and with them the rollers and r², so as to cause the
carrying or ink roller r² to come in contact with the distributing surface
of the type cylinder a at the proper moment. By this means the
carrying roller will be kept in contact with the ink distributing drum r
at the same time that it is supplying ink to the type cylinder a, thus
ensuring a more equable supply of ink to the type. The inking rollers
are mounted with one end in a frame not shewn in the Drawing, but
which rocks upon the axle of the type cylinder. By giving this frame
an up-and-down movement (by means of a suitable cam) I am enabled,
to raise and lower one end of the inking rollers and thus give them a
slight endwise movement as they are passing across the form.
improvement is also applicable to other printing machines.
This
My next improvement has for its object the providing a better mode
of fixing stereotype or electrotype plates to the type or printing cylinders.
This improvement is shewn at Figures 20 and 21, Sheet III., and con-
sists in fitting the type cylinders with moveable frames u, made of iron.
These frames are made with cross bars forming a sort of network or
honeycomb as shewn in plan at Fig. 20, and in section at Fig. 21. The
interstices or hexagonal holes of the metal frame u are filled with blocks
of wood u¹, u³, which are driven in from the under side. The frames u
are curved in their cross section so as to fit the curvature of the printing
cylinder on which they are secured in their places by screws as at u², and
will thus provide a surface of wood to which the stereo plates can be

page_text: nailed without the danger of warping. By having two or more sets of
these frames adapted to fit each cylinder, one set may be got ready whilst
another is in use.
My next improvements relate more particularly to that class of
printing machine for which I obtained Letters Patent bearing date
January Nineteenth, One thousand eight hundred and seventy, No. 170,
and consists in employing or adapting two type cylinders to work with
each impression cylinder, and the impression cylinder twice the size of
the type cylinder. This improvement is shewn at Fig. 18, Sheet IV.,
and Fig. 19, Sheet I.
Each type cylinder is provided with its proper arrangement of inking
and distributing rollers, as shewn as Fig. 18, and I am thus enabled to
print in two colours on both sides, as shewn at Fig. 18, Sheet IV., or in
four colours on one side of a sheet, as shewn at Fig. 19, Sheet I. The
paper is fed in as usual over the first impression cylinder, and after
being printed on by the two printing cylinders a, a', is carried forward.
as indicated by the arrows over a carrying roller and over the second
impression cylinder which will turn the sheet over and bring its reverse
side in contact with the printing surfaces of the other two printing
cylinders a³ and a³. From thence the sheet (printed on both sides) will
be conducted downwards and finally delivered on to a table in the
taking off apparatus. Instead of taking off the sheets inside the
machine between the two sets of impression and type cylinders, the
'taking off apparatus is mounted upon a separate frame which is placed
outside the machine, as shewn at Fig. 18.
When printing one side only of the sheet, as shewn at Fig. 19,
Sheet I., the sheet will pass from the first to the second impression
cylinder, and will pass under the latter and be delivered at once outside
the machine; but when printing both sides of the sheet, as shewn at
Fig. 18, Sheet IV., it will pass from the first impression cylinder over a
the second cylinder to the inside of the machine, as already explained, and
from thence it will be carried down by tapes under the inking apparatus
and be delivered on to a table at the lower part of the taking off
apparatus, which is placed outside the printing machine.
The taking off apparatus is the same as that described in the 3
Specification of my previous Patent, but it will be provided with two
tables and two fly frames, as shewn at Fig. 18. One table is placed

page_text: on a level with the impression cylinder so as to receive the Sheets when
printed in four colours on one side only. The other table is immediately
below it, near the floor, and will receive the sheets when printed on
both sides. The fly frames are both secured to the same rod, and are
worked simultaneously by the same cam. As the set-off sheet passes*
down between the inking apparatus it will travel some considerable
distance, and if desired it may be passed round a heated cylinder so as
to dry it.
The taking off tables and fly frames are made detachable from the
machine in order to allow of ready access to the type cylinders for the
purpose of arranging and preparing the form thereon.
"
"
or
My next improvement relates to a novel arrangement for "locking
up or securing the "plates" to the type cylinders in rotary printing
machines, so that they can be readily removed for "underlaying,
for altering the register. This improvement is shewn in Sheet III.,
in which Fig. 22 represents a section of part of the printing cylinder,
and Fig. 23 represents a portion of the surface of the same, developed
or laid out flat. To effect the intended object V shaped iron bars v, v,
are screwed to the cylinder in the form of a cross, the widest part being
uppermost. The stereotype plates or other printing surfaces w, w, are
cast type high, and with a bevil edge to correspond with the V shaped
bars v.
The "head furniture " x, x, is made with a bevil at each end,
one end to fit the V shaped cross bars, the other end to fit the
gutter furniture" x* which is also V shaped like the cross bars v, and
has the ends bevilled to fit the cross bars v.
"
"
When the plates w are in their places with their "head" and
"gutter furniture, the whole is clamped together by set screws y, y,
carried by blocks y¹, y', screwed to the cylinder ≈. The cylinder z has
tapped holes made in it, as shewn at Fig. 23, to allow of the screw
blocks y' being shifted to suit the varying sizes of the plates w.. The
screw blocks are also made in sections for the same purpose. In order
that the type or printing surface may be inked twice or three times
before taking an impression the impression cylinder is made as much
larger than the type cylinder as may be necessary to allow of two or
more inking rollers being adapted for the purpose.
A clip or clamp which may be tightened by side screws may be used
for the purpose of holding the plates on to the type cylinder. This

page_text: clip is made wider at the " entering end" (or that end which first
comes upon the impression cylinder) than the leaving end, so that the
"drive" of the machine may not shift the plate.
I would observe in conclusion that although some of the improve-
ments above described are only or mainly applicable to rotary printing
machines, other of the improvements may with advantage be adapted to
other printing machines such as lithographic printing machines.
Having now described my Invention, and having explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,-
First. The mode above described in reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4
of holding stereotype plates or other printing surfaces in place on the
type or printing cylinders.
Second. The mode herein set forth of adjusting the impression
cylinders or type cylinders so as to ensure perfect register.
Third. The application of two sets of inking apparatus to the type
cylinder so that different quantities and qualities of ink may be supplied
to different parts of the "form or printing surface as may be required.
.
"
Fourth. The use of thin cord or wire as herein set forth in place of
tapes, also the use of double tapes sewn together as and for the purpose
above described.
Fifth. The mode herein set forth of working the drop bar.
Sixth. Constructing the ink-feeding rollers of rings which are capable
of being arranged in any required manner on a rod or axle, as shewn at
Fig. 12 for the purpose above set forth.
Seventh. The mode herein set forth of drying the "set off."
Eighth. Warming the type cylinder and ink distributing drum or
table as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Ninth. The mode herein set forth of adjusting the "lay" of the
sheets so that a good register may be ensured without the necessity of
pointing.
Tenth. The mechanism herein set forth, or any mere modification
thereof for operating the vibrator and regulating the time or duration of
its contact with the ductor.

page_text: Eleventh. Mounting the inking rollers in frames so that they may all
be raised together by means of cams or other equivalent devices as and
for the purpose herein set forth..
Twelfth. Adapting to the type or printing cylinders as above shewn
and described metal frames provided with blocks of wood, to which
stereotype or electrotype plates or other printing surfaces may be secured
as herein set forth.
Thirteenth. Mounting one end of the inking rollers in a rocking
frame, to which an up-and-down or other equivalent movement may be
imparted as above described for the purpose of giving an endway motion
to the rollers as they pass over the form of type.
Fourteenth. The arrangement of parts shewn at Fig. 18 for printing
on both sides of the sheet in two colours, and also the arrangement
shewn in Fig. 19 for printing in four colours on one side of the sheet.
Fifteenth. The mode above described in reference to Figures 22 and
23 for locking up or securing stereotype or electrotype plates on the
type or printing cylinders.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Servante, junior, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
DAVID SERVANTE, JUNIOR. (L.S.)