matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE CALCULATION OF NUMBERS OR FIGURES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nino Bottone at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1875.
I, NINO BOTTONE, of the City of Manchester, Professor of Languages,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE CALCULATION OF NUMBERS OR FIGURES," to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of an apparatus
whereby the adding together of long rows of numbers or figures is
considerably facilitated and rendered almost a mechanical operation.
For this purpose I employ a keyboard having a series of keys numbered
from 1 to 10, and each of these keys is arranged with a projection on its
under side corresponding to the distance through which it is necessary
to draw back a radial arm carrying a pawl, in order that the return
motion of such arm shall by the action of a suitable spring impart a
proportion of a revolution (corresponding to the length of projection on
the depressed key) to a ratchet wheel secured upon a spindle working in
horizontal bearings. This spindle carries a series of index wheels

page_text: marked with figures on their peripheries, and the first or units wheel of
this series is fast upon the spindle, whilst the others are free to turn
thereon, but are geared together by toothed or peg wheels and pinions,
in such a manner as to only turn or advance one figure at a time, and
this when the adjoining index wheel is changing from 9 to 10.
The action and method of working this apparatus is as follows:-The
operator by means of his fingers touches and depresses one after another
those keys on the keyboard which correspond to the numbers he desires
to add together, and thus by means of the radial arm and pawl, the
index wheels are caused to revolve in relative proportion to one another,
and to indicate through an opening in the casing of the machine the
sum total of the figures added together.
For making compound calculations it will be necessary either to have
three sets of keys and index wheels, say, for pounds, shillings, and
pence, or a single set of keys may be employed by having separate index
wheels for pounds, shillings, and pence, with a toothed wheel capable of
sliding lengthwise upon an intermediate spindle, so as to gear as desired
either with the pounds, shillings, or pence index wheels, such inter-
mediate spindle carrying the ratchet wheel which would otherwise be
secured upon the spindle of the index wheels.
AN IMPROVED AUTOMATICAL APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS FOR REGULATING THEIR WORKING
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustin Billet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1875.
I, AUGUSTIN BILLET, of Lille (France), Ruc Nationale, No. 30,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED AUTOMATICAL APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS FOR
REGULATING THEIR WORKING," to be as follows :-
In electric telegraph printing apparatus it frequently happens, during
the printing of a message, that irregular intervals occur between the
letters of a word, or even that two following letters are printed one over
the other; these defects arise from the want of regularity in the
movement of the printing wheel, and from the imperfect working o
mechanism effecting the necessary disengaging motion for passing rapidly
from one letter to the other of the printing wheel.
To obviate these inconveniences I have invented an apparatus
applicable to various kinds of telegraph apparatus, and constituting an
automatic regulator of the motion of these apparatus.

page_text: The apparatus consists mainly of a straight spring receiving from the
armature of the electro-magnets that actuate the printing wheel a rapid
vibrating motion, and caused to act upon an arm mounted on a pivot on
which is mounted a horizontal balance rod having weights at its two
ends, which maintains the said arm in a state of equilibrium. Under
the rapid vibrating action of the spring, the arm by virtue of the
balance rod is maintained stationary between the vertical members of
two small bell cranks, the horizontal members of which carry needles
suspended over small tubes containing mercury. When the operator
ceases momentarily to work the apparatus, and consequently the motion
of the armature is arrested, the balance rod by the impetus imparted to
it by the last vibration of the spring moves the arm to the right or to
the left against one of the bell cranks, causing the needle thereof to dip
into the mercury.
By this means an electric circuit is closed and a
current is produced which operates upon an electro-magnet, the armature
of which acts upon the disengaging mechanism of the printing wheel.
As soon as the arm is brought back into its central position again by the
action of the spring, the bell crank is also moved back into its original
position by means of a spring, whereby the needle is again raised out of
the mercury, and the circuit is consequently broken.
The upper
ends of the bell-crank levers are formed with spring hinge
joints so that should the arm in striking against one of them pass
beyond its upper end the said hinge joint will allow the arm to pass
back to its original position. Hooks are also provided for limiting the
upward motion of the bell cranks after they have been depressed.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1875.
I, JOHN CLARKE, of Heaton Norris, Stockport, in the County of
Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to what are known as continuous railway
breaks, and consists of the following combination and arrangement of
mechanism. On any convenient number of axles in the train I mount
a grooved friction disc or pulley, which is pressed against by break
blocks attached to jointed plates or a chain, which chain is secured at
one end to any convenient fixed point, then passes over the friction disc
or pulley, whilst the other end is hauled or drawn tight either by the
action of a lever or levers, or by the aid of a pulley on a transverse shaft.
This shaft extends partially across the carriages and carries at one end a
mitre or bevel wheel, which gears into a corresponding wheel mounted
on another shaft placed lengthwise to the carriage.
Various well known arrangements may be employed for coupling
together the several longitudinal shafts when making up the train, so

page_text: that each break on some or all of the carriages in the train may be
actuated by the rotation of the continuous shafting. The said shafting
may be rotated either by the guard alone, or by the aid of steam or other
power in conjunction or not with manual power.
According to another modification I mount a horizontal shaft in
bearings at each end of the carriage or wagon framing, such shafts
passing transversely across the said framing, and being connected by
mitre or bevel wheels with the before-mentioned longitudinal shaft.
On these transverse shafts are mounted two small grooved pullies having
chains attached thereto and wound thereon, the said chains being con-
nected at their other ends to the break blocks, so that when the
transverse shafts are rotated in one direction, they withdraw the break
blocks clear of the grooved friction discs herein-before referred to, but on
turning the said shafts in the reverse direction, they release the break
blocks from their suspended position, and allow the breaks to be applied
simultaneously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BRACKETS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stuttle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1875.
I, WILLIAM STUTTLE, of Shrewsbury, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BRACKETS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object a new arrangement of a gas bracket
to be called the "bedroom" bracket for the purpose of more con-
veniently augmenting or diminishing the light given by the burner in a
sleeping apartment or elsewhere. And in order to carry out my Inven-
tion I proceed as follows:-I form a gas bracket, having on the upper
or vertical portion thereof, which is connected with the gas pipe, two
double elbows, one on each side. One of such double elbows is fitted
with an ordinary gas tap, which is permitted to remain very slightly
open, and is adjusted so as to give off the minimum amount of light.
The horizontal arm of such gas bracket is provided with a tap in the
ordinary manner, and this tap is adjusted so as to give off the maximum
light. The other of the double elbows before alluded to is fitted with

page_text: another tap, to which is attached a weighted lever, such lever being
connected by means of a cord passing over pullies to a pull or balance-
weight placed at the head of the bed, or in any other convenient position.
On the application of the hand to the pull or balance weight a slight
motion is given to the cord attached to the weighted lever, which
communicates with the tap in one of the double elbows as before
described, and the gas is thereby instantly turned on at such tap,
irrespective of the distance of the gas from the bed.
When it is desired to reduce the light it is only necessary to slightly
lift the pull or balanco weight attached to the lever, when the flame is
instantly diminished to the requisite degree.
When it is desired to thoroughly extinguish the flame the tap placed
at the end of the horizontal arm of the bracket is turned off in the
ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nelson King Cherrill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th March 1875.
I, NELSON KING CHERRILL, of Tunbridge Wells, Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention for improvements in wheel or roller skates consists in
applying to roller skates having more than two rollers, balls, or wheels,
the following principle, namely, that the outer edge, periphery, or
circumference or spherical surface of the rollers, balls, or wheels shall
not be in the same plane, that is, that upon any plane surface only two
of them at one time shall rest upon such plane surface. This principle
may be carried out where the skate is provided with a row of wheels or
rollers in direct line with each other by having them all of equal
diameter, and by placing the bearings in the frame of the skate for the
axles of the wheels or rollers in a curved line in relation to the plane

page_text: Upon the two upper edges of the iron plates are fixed small plates for
the foot to rest upon, to which are attached suitable straps for fixing to
the foot. In this case the wheels are all of the same diameter, and the
axle bearings form a curve with the plane surface the skate is to operate
upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR CASTING CORES OR CORE PIECES AND IN THE MOULDS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st May 1875.-A communication from abroad by Mª. Veuve
Edouard Zegut, of Paris, France.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR CASTING CORES OR CORE
PIECES AND IN THE MOULDS EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE," a communication
to me from abroad by M. Veuve Edouard Zegut, of Paris, France, to
be as follows :-
"
a
This Invention relates to improvements in moulding or casting cores
or core pieces of perimetric" form, such as revolving fire-bars of liko
These fire-bars must be
character to those known as "Clay Schmitz."
quite round, the passage through them being round, square, or of other
form, and the exterior helix or spiral lines of the fire-bars of a
"perimetric" form, perfectly true, in order to allow of a small space or
play

page_text: The mould which forms part of this Invention is of two parts, A and
B, as shown by Figure 1 of the Drawing hereunto annexed, and pinned
or joined longitudinally as shown at m, n, and identically equal to the
tube or bar to be cast, with the exception of the openings x.
The first part of the mould A is placed or fixed on a moulding board
C, Figure 2, covered with half circular pieces c to coincide with the half
circular openings x of the junction of the part superposed, then the
whole is covered over with part of a frame in which the pressing is
effected. This part of the frame being turned, the second part B is
superposed to the half pattern to which it is fixed or pinned, and then
covered with the other part of the frame, in order to complete the
pressing. The taking out of the mould is then effected and after the
sand is removed from the interior of the mould, each half part of the
frame is dealt with according to the quantity of cores in the sand by
means of a round steel or metal guage D, Figure 3, of a length equal
to the thickness of the casting, in order to obtain the correct junction of
the ends of the cores to the central core which forms the passage
through the bar. All the holes of the pattern less those of the junctions
are bored in the interior to an equal thickness of the casting.
After this operation the cast patterns are withdrawn carefully from
the cases without injury, and the parts or fractions of the spiral lines E
simply pinned or fixed to them are withdrawn from the cases.
The cores are placed and pinned or fixed, and the central core made
in a special box is lowered between the parts with the most perfect
coincidence. The two parts of the frame are then superposed and keyed 2
and the metal is run into the mould at an inclination of 45°.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OR MODE OF RAISING SUNKEN SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Yousouf Heronimos at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th October 1875.
I, YOUSOUP HERONIMOS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OR MODE OF RAISING SUNKEN SHIPS OR VESSELS," to bo
as follows:-
-
This Invention consists in placing in the interior of sunken ships or
vessels as many air and water-tight bags as the vessel will hold, and
after the bags are placed in the compartments of the vessel I fill them
with air by means of air pumps of any well known construction, and
when the bags are filled they float and raise the ship, it being understood
that the operations of placing and fixing the bags are performed by
divers employed for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING ANCHORS TO ENABLE DISABLED STEAMERS AND OTHER VESSELS TO RIDE OUT HEAVY GALES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Munton Bullivant at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th January 1875.
I, WILLIAM MUNTON BULLIVANT, of 59, Fenchurch Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOATING ANCHORS TO ENABLE DISABLED STEAMERS AND OTHER
VESSELS TO RIDE OUT HEAVY GALES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in floating anchors to
enable disabled steamers and other vessels to ride out heavy gales.
In heavy gales the safest position a vessel can occupy is riding with
her head to the wind and sea, more especially is this the case with a
disabled steamer having but little sail power. To enable a vessel to
maintain this position I employ a floating anchor. I prepare a canvas
bag of conical form strengthened with wire rope. This bag when out of
use folds flat, but when in use the water keeps it distended. The bag
when required for service is connected by means of a short wire rope
with a raft having sufficient power of flotation to sustain the weight of
the cable by which the floating anchor is connected with the vessel.

page_text: The raft is constructed of deals placed on edge with distance pieces
between them, and the whole is tied together with through bolts.
A light wire cable such as it is proposed to employ according to the
Provisional Specification filed by me and dated the 5th September 1874,
No. 3054, is passed from the vessel to the raft, and by this cable the
vessel rides. The raft itself opposes considerable resistance to being
drawn through the water, the deals being all broadside on and the water
being able to enter between them, but it is the bag attached to the raft
which offers the principal resistance, and together their resistance is
sufficient to check the drifting of the vessel with the wind and bring her
head to wind.
ImPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RADIAL ARM DRILLING AND SHAPING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lowry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
December 1875.
I, GEORGE LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ImPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RADIAL ARM DRILLING AND SHAPING MACHINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to the radial arm drilling machine
described in the Specification of the Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to me bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, No. 1856, and
consists in certain improvements for resisting the excessive strain on
the front of the radial arm when large tools are drilling or boring. The
pillar and back upright carry the ordinary cone pulleys and shafts, but
instead of having the bottom end of the back upright at some distance
from the platform as at present I extend it downwards to the upper
surface of the platform itself, and to it is connected a bolt having its
shank passing through a circular groove in the platform, communicating
with a space, so that the top and bottom of the head shall be in contact

page_text: •
with the metal; and when the bolt is properly adjusted and fixed it
enables the back upright to resist the pressure of the tools upon the
front of the radial arm and keep them fairly and efficiently at work.
The second part of this Invention relates to shaping machines, and
consists in making the ram or the top slide double headed instead of
single as heretofore, the frame being arranged with two guides, slides,
and tables to correspond with the heads; and instead of driving the ram
from the end as at present I give it to-and-fro traversing motion by
slotted arm at or near the middle, the arm being worked by a crank
on a shaft communicating by gearing with the driving shafts.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND PROCESS FOR METALLING THE COVERS OF BOOKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES FOR DECORATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phillips Lonsdale Deighton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th March 1875.
I, PHILLIPS LONSDALE DEIGHTON, of No. 30, Fonthill Road, Finsbury
Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND PROCESS FOR METALLING THE
COVERS OF BOOKS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES FOR DECORATING AND ILLUMINATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means of and process for metalling
the covers of books and similar articles for decorating and illuminating
purposes, and consists in employing bronze metal or other equivalent
metal in powder upon the covers, such metal in powder being impressed,
blocked, or rubbed on by suitable heated plates or tools to permanently
attach it thereon or thereto, the metal in powder taking the place of
gold or other metal leaf now employed for book illuminating purposes.
In metalling book covers or other similar articles I in some cases
prepare the surface to be illuminated or impressed by coating it with the
white of cgg or its equivalent; I then sprinkle the so-coated part or

page_text: parts with bronze or other equivalent metal in powder, and place the
cover in a press, such as a blocking press, with a heated plate arranged
as a "force," and cause the same to come into contact with the cover, the
pressure and the heat combined effecting an attachment of the metal
powder to the cover in a permanent manner.
By my Invention I dispense with the use of gold leaf, and obtain an
effect equal or nearly so at considerably less cost and without additional
labour to the blocker, the effect more or less being dependent upon the
quality of the metallic powder and the quantity used, or upon the
degree of coarseness or fineness of the particles of metal dust employed.
"
In some cases, when good "press registers can be obtained and
depth of metal upon the surface is required, I recoat the metallized
surface or surfaces with a "glare" or white of egg wash, and sprinkle
metal powder thereon; I then pass the cover or other article through
the press again, which process can be repeated until the desired effect is
obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-LOCKS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE ‘HENRY RIFLE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1875.-A communication from Otto Emmerich
Lieutenant, residing at Aschaffenburg, in the Kingdom of
Bavaria.
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency,
of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-LOCKS,
ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE ‘HENRY RIFLE,'” a communication, to be as
follows:-
For lowering the repulsion of a musket (the "Henry” rifle), the
burnisher K of the latter is provided with a compartment L (Figure 1),
in which is fitted the implement P, which consists of a strong iron plate
P in connection with a box P¹, and a rod G. This box will slide in L.
A holo E is made from L to the upper side of the burnisher in which is
fixed a screw D. In the box P' is a slit E in which the screw D enters
for limiting the sliding of the implement P. Round the rod G, a strong

page_text: helical spring is wound, which on the one side rests upon H, and on the
other side upon the iron plate P. This receives the repulsion of the
musket or rifle. This repulsion may on the same time be employed for
cocking again the gun by prolonging the rod G, or bringing the same in
connection with another rod which is in connection with the cock 5
spring.
If the repulsion is not to be employed for the latter purpose, two
pieces A, A, Figures 2, 3, 4, arc joined on the burnisher K, which has
holes L. The strong iron plate P is provided with two rods D, D,
corresponding to the holes L. These rods have on their ends the threads
of a screw for receiving a femalo screw M. The latter connect the plate
P with the picces A, A. Round each rod D a helical spring is wound,
and then the rods are put into the holes L, and held in the same by the
female screws M.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ELEVATORS FOR COLLECTING AND LOADING HAY AND CORN INTO WAGGONS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Allanson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1875.
I, EDWIN ALLANSON, of Combe Hay, near Bath, in the County of
Somerset, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ELEVATORS FOR COLLECTING AND LOADING
HAY AND CORN INTO WAGGONS," to be as follows:-
:―
The object of my Invention is to raise the cut hay and corn from the
ground and elevate and collect them into waggons by mechanical means
instead of by hand labour as at present effected.
My Invention consists in an apparatus composed of a frame upon
which two endless chains or bands revolve over pullies at both ends.
These chains or bands are crossed at intervals by rakes, straight toothed
or otherwise, so as to form together with the endless band a sort
of continuous rake. The frame is supported at one end upon the
ground running upon wheels from the axle of which motion is
imparted to the endless bands in any convenient manner so as to effect
their revolution. The other end of the frame is supported by the front

page_text: or side of the waggon into which the cut hay or corn has to be elevated
and projects somewhat over it.
The frame just described is attached to the front or side of the waggon
pointing forwards, and is drawn with it when the latter is in motion.
At the front of the frame upon the end supported by the ground a rake
or collector is fixed, the points or arms of which running upon the
ground under the cut hay or corn collect it into the bottom of the frame,
where it is caught by the rakes revolving upon the endless band, and so
raised to the top of the frame and discharged into the waggon.
The rake or collector just mentioned is so formed at the back that the
points or arms of the rakes upon the endless bands pass through
interstices made therein, so as to bring the cut corn or hay collected
immediately to the revolving rakes and allow it no chance of escape
between them. The rake or collector is hinged to the frame so as to be
capable of an upward and downward motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Swann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1875. A communication from abroad by John Ellis, of Lynn, in
the County of Essex, State of Massachussetts, in the United States
of America.
I, JOHN SWANN, of No. 5, Frederick's Place, Old Jewry, in the City of
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
Certain improvements in gas burners which are provided with a cap
forming a chamber over the orifice in the burner, said cap having
apertures in it to make a communication from the chamber to another
chamber on the outside of the latter, through and from which chamber
the gas passes directly to the burner.
In providing the burner base with an internal screw-threaded socket
at its lower end for attaching it to the gas pipe, and with a screw-
threaded shank, and a shoulder near its upper end for supporting the
inner chamber, said burner base being also provided with a transverse

page_text: regulating plug for cutting off the flow of gas, said screw and its scat
being so constructed that the screw can be made to pass into its scat, so
as to be flush with the external surface of the lower portion of the
burner base, whereby the ring or collar of a lamp shade can be made to
pass over such screw.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING SHIPS AND IN PROPELLING THEM
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ward Woolcott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1875.
. I, HENRY WARD WOOLCOTT, of Charing Cross Hospital, Agar Street,
Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING SHIPS AND IN
PROPELLING THEM," to be as follows:-
The object is to simplify the construction of ships so that they may
be built with very great rapidity, that the size of them may be readily
increased or diminished, that they may be easily repaired or taken to
pieces and remade, that they may afford a great amount. of safety and
comfort to passengers, and that they may to a considerable extent, if not
entirely, prevent sea sickness. .
The ship is made with several hulls, with a space between each hull;
the various hulls being held together by girders.
With a view to great simplicity of construction and consequent saving
of expense the hulls are made rectangular, with the exception of the
ends, which are made wedge-shaped. Girders and angle irons of

page_text: various sizes, with rivet holes already punched, might be kept in stock
by ship builders, so that a large ship might be put together in a few
weeks, and a small one in a few days.
A deck, the whole length and breadth of the ship, is placed over the
hulls and intermediate spaces, but each hull has decks within itself.
The ship is propelled by sails and by screw propellers, such propellers
| being in connexion with the various hulls or some or one of them.
There are two rudders, one at the port and the other at the starboard
side of the stern of the ship, but the steering as well as the propulsion of
the ship is to a great extent dependent upon the screw propellers.
It is proposed that the hulls should be ten feet wide and that they
should be ten feet apart, that the ships should be from two hundred to
four hundred feet long, from one hundred to two hundred feet broad, and
from fifty to one hundred feet deep, but they may of course be made
either larger or smaller.

page_text: 8. The separate screw propellers in the various hulls will ensure the
efficient manouvring of ships of war.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings annexed hereto is a plan of a ship with five
hulls; a, a, a, a, a, indicate the hulls, and b, b, b, b, indicate the spaces
between the hulls. through which the water flows. The transverse lines
in these spaces represent the girders which hold the hulls together. The
thick lines at the sides and ends show the parts that would be protected
with armour plating in a ship of war.
•
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ASH PANS FOR DOMESTIC FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ezard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
August 1875.
I, CHARLES EZARD, of Bradford, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF ASH PANS FOR DOMESTIC FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates chiefly to kitchen ash pans and consists
principally in the combination therewith of a sliding drawer, which at
the same time performs the office of a cinder sifter.
In the front of the ash pan I form a longitudinal opening the width
of the front, in which I fit a shallow drawer made of iron and provided
at the front with two knobs or handles. This drawer is supported on
two slides or runners projecting horizontally from the ash pan at the
back, and the bottom of the drawer is perforated all over with holes of a
suitable size (say about three-eighths of an inch in diameter), and thus
all cinders above that size falling from the grate will be retained in the
drawer, whilst the dirt and ashes will pass through the perforations.

page_text: This drawer is occasionally pulled out by means of the knobs or handles,
and the cinders therein are thrown on to the fire, the drawer being
made open at the back (or in the form of a shovel) for that purpose.
I also cast or fix two lugs or projections at the sides of the ash pan for
convenience in lifting the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO TO CIRCULAR LOOPED FABRIC MACHINES FOR MAKING FANCY HOSIERY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Marshall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1875..
I, NATHANIEL MARSHALL, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO
TO CIRCULAR LOOPED FABRIC MACHINES FOR MAKING FANCY HOSIERY,” to be as
follows:-
I employ two modifications of apparatus:-
The first modification consists of apparatus applicable to circular
machines producing plain looped fabrics, in which I dispense with the
dividing wheel usually employed, and upon the bracket which carried.
such wheel I place a loop wheel, lying between the first loop wheel and
presser wheel usually employed. Both loop wheels are alike, and each
wheel carries a series of long blades and then a series of short blades
alternately, the number of blades varying according to the pattern
required; there is a seperate adjustable thread guide to each loop wheel.
The first wheel feeds slack loops and tight loops alternately to the

page_text: needles, and the second wheel feeds tight loops and slack loops
alternately, the reverse of the first. The second wheel carries one
cutting blade to each series of short blades, for the purpose of severing
the tight portion of the thread, so as to allow the previous and lower
slack loops to be knocked over and avoid any mixing of colours, thus
forming two or more distinct vertical stripes.
My second modification consists of apparatus applicable to circular
machines for making ribbed looped fabrics, to which I apply a vertical
cam placed in a recess formed in the cover of the frame needles. The
recesses in the cam are varied according to the pattern to be produced,
and allow the needles to draw a series of long loops and short loops
alternately, the cam being revolved by the frame needle bits, and outside
the machine needle bits or jacks I place a presser wheel with a series of
deep and shallow teeth alternately to correspond with the cam wheel,
and inside the machine head I place a cam carrying a sliding incline
held to the needle bits or jacks by a spring, the bits or jacks lying and
passing between the incline and the presser wheel, such apparatus pro-
ducing distinct vertical ribbed stripes.
AN IMPROVED GAS STOVE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon Vander Kelen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1875.
I, LÉON VANDER KELEN, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED GAS STOVE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce a gas stove for heating
halls, lobbies, and other apartments, whereby the greatest amount of
heat can be obtained with the least possible consumption of gas; and
the Invention consists of a large air chamber of peculiar construction in
which the air is heated by means of a gas burner of novel construction.
This air chamber may communicate either with the external atmosphere
or be open to the air in the apartment.
In carrying out the Invention an outer casing of metal similar to that
usually used for gas stoves is employed. This casing has round its upper
end an annular trough which may take the form of an ornamental
moulding.
The air chamber consists of a circular vessel of slightly taper form, its
11

page_text: casing, and it is inserted into the outer casing the smallest end down-
wards. The lower end terminates in and is firmly secured to a metal
funnel shaped piece, the spout of which fits into a pipe which may com-
municate with the external atmosphere or be open to the air in the
apartment.
The air chamber is soldered to one side of and is supported in position
by an inverted ☐ shaped annular picce; the outer flange of this piece
passes over the upper rim of the outer casing and projects downwards
into the annular trough, which is filled with sand or other suitable
material, and thus an hermetically sealed joint is formed. The products
of combustion will pass off through a pipe provided for the purpose to
the chimney.
The gas burner consists of a flat metal reservoir, the upper surface of
which is perforated with a number of holes. This burner is supported
by a metal tube, which screws on to a cap or collar fitted on to the gas
supply pipe. The gas supply pipe is made to project a short distance
into this tube, which has at its lower end a number of holes through
which the air passes, so that it will mix with the gas in the tube before
it enters the reservoir. By this means a blue flame of great heating
intensity will be obtained. Perforations are made in the outer casing
for the entrance of air to assist in the more perfect combustion of the
gas.
It will be seen that the conical form of the air chamber will present
a large surface to the action of the heat from the burner, and the air
introduced into this chamber will be thoroughly heated before it passes
into the apartment. The upper end of the air chamber is left open, but
an ornamental perforated cover may be adapted to the outer casing.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PREPARATION OR DRESSING FOR STIFFENING OR FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1875. A communication from abroad by Hector Gerard, of Paris,
in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN SCOTT, of King William Street, in the City of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED PREPARATION OR DRESSING FOR STIFFENING OR FINISHING
TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS, AND WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL
PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by Hector Gerard, of
Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to the dressing or finishing of
textile fabrics and threads or yarns, and consists in the use of fecula,
starch, the pulp of tuberous and other roots, and farinaceous and
amylaceous substances generally treated with caustic alkalies or alkaline
salts for the preparation of a stiffening material or agent for that
purpose, and which it is proposed to designate "apparature." This
material or agent so prepared is however also applicable as a substitute
for gum, glue, or other adhesive material as a thickening agent in

page_text: printing fabrics, for the prevention of incrustation in steam boilers, and
to a variety of other useful purposes.
In carrying out this Invention when the preparation or "dressing” is
to be used on a large scale, it is preferred to employ the fecula of
potatoes treated with a caustic lye of potash or of soda, and combined
with water in about the following proportions viz'. :—
Other farinaceous or amylaceous materials may however be substituted
for the fecula of potatoes, and the proportions in which they are
employed may be varied as found requisite.
The admixture of the before mentioned substances may be effected
either by means of heat or at their natural temperature, and either under
pressure or in a vacuum.
The fecula is first placed in the water and continuously stirred or
agitated in order to maintain it in a state of suspension, after which the lye
is added. The whole is then continuously stirred until the mass becomes
perfectly clear and forms a thick jelly or consistence, which is then to
be well beaten up or stirred for say a few minutes longer, when the
operation will be completed. The product thus obtained is perfectly free
from color and smell is not liable to decomposition by exposure to the
atmosphere.
When applied to textile fabrics and threads or yarns, it imparts a
degree of stiffness and a surface or finish hitherto unattainable, and
which moreover possesses considerable permanency. This product also
possesses highly adhesive properties, and it may moreover be formed into
thin flexible slabs, and applied in any suitable manner to a variety of
useful
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COOLING OR REFRIGERATING WORT AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Turnock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th April
1875.
I, JAMES TURNOCK, of Ross, in the County of Hereford, Brewer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COOLING OR REFRIGERATING WORT AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the employment as the cooling or
refrigerating medium of air and water intermixed, so that the air
becoming saturated with vapour may carry off in a latent form much
heat which otherwise would have passed into the water, rendering a
larger expenditure of water necessary.
The apparatus I employ consists of a cylinder of tinned copper or
other metal, either corrugated or plain, with an inner lining to match,
and receiving between the two the wort or other liquid requiring to be
cooled. The inlet and outlet for the wort or other liquid are so placed,
the one at the bottom and the other at the top, as to be convenient for
the position in which the apparatus may be required to be fixed.
Between the cylinder and its lining there is placed an inner hollow

page_text: cylinder constructed with spiral channels through which air and water
may pass at the same time. The jet or stream of water entering the
apparatus may be caused to draw in the requisite quantity of air,
or the air may be otherwise supplied. The admixture of air and water
produces greater effect than water alone.
The inner cylinder is to be so arranged as to provide for withdrawing
it from the outer chamber for cleansing purposes by means of a sling, or
the outer chamber may be arranged to drop from the inner as the
situation may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FABRICS MADE ON THE TWIST LACE MACHINE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Pickerill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
August 1875.
I, EDWIN PICKERILL, of Lenton, in the County of Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FABRICS MADE ON THE TWIST LACE MACHINE,' to be as follows:-
My Invention applics to embroidered fabrics which I produce by
means of warp or beam threads and carriage bobbin threads to make the
cloth ground and open work; other threads supplied from a separate
beam or beams 1 employ to form the embroidery or outline thick
threads, such threads after being used for embroidering or outlining I
place at the back of the fabric at will, and either weave them in with
the threads that form the ground or openwork, or cause them to lie
loose at the back of the fabric; the warp or beam threads are traversed
by the jacquard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brooks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1875.
I, HENRY BROOKS, the younger, of the Firm of H. Brooks & Company,
of Cumberland Market, Regent's Park, the Hampstead Road, and Lyme
Street, Camden Town, all in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS," to be as
follows:-
1
The Invention relates to that class of inkstand in which the ink for
immediate use is for the timo raised from the general reservoir into a
small dipping cup, and the object is simplicity of construction with
increased facility in use.
The stem of the dipping cup is passed through a hole in the centre of
a diaphragm of india-rubber or such like flexible material, and so as to
fit tightly upon it. The outer edge of this flexible material is secured
to metal or other rim, and is in diameter somewhat larger than the
opening to the reservoir for the ink, and so that when pressed on the
edge of such opening it may form an air-tight covering to it. The air-

page_text: tight cover is pressed and held on the reservoir by another cover which
is held in position on the reservoir by bayonet joint or such like
connections. This last cover is formed with a neck to receive a cover or
rim to bear on the edge of the dipping cup. The cover or rim and the
neck are connected together by pins, in the one acting in screw threads
or inclined openings, in the other so that by turning the rim in one
direction it will depress the cup to cause ink to flow therein, and by
turning it in the other direction that ink will return to the reservoir.
According to another modification the dipping cup and the diaphragm
are separate, and the diaphragm is depressed by a screw or other pressure
thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ÅRRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF TRUCKS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF CATTLE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Murray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1875.
I, GILBERT MURRAY, of Elvaston Estate Office, Derby, in the County
of Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ÅRRANGEMENT AND CONSTRUCTION OF TRUCKS FOR THE
CONVEYANCE OF CATTLE," to be as follows :-
-
This Invention relates to the arrangement of trucks for the conveyance
of cattle, sheep, or other animals.
The arrangements for the construction of the trucks are to combine
simplicity, strength, and durability with an easy adaptation to the
existing railway rolling stock. In the sides of the trucks I place
drinking troughs with racks for fodder; these latter when closed
completely cover the drinking troughs, which in no way impede the
capacity of the trucks.
The water pipes for supplying the troughs are utilised as rods on which
the hay racks swing. The racks are securely held in position by the iron

page_text: rod on the outside, through which passes a cotter pin; when the hand is
placed in the bow and the rod pulled backwards, the hay rack is set at
liberty, and swings outwards until its inside becomes flush with the
outside lip of the drinking troughs, and thus leaves the whole of the
troughs exposed to the cattle inside the trucks. The fastening rod is
turned round by the action of the hay rack, it is then pushed backwards,
the cotter pin placed in position, and the whole is as securely fastened
as before. The door is simply but securely fastened.
The water supply will be obtained from the hydrants at the differont
stations now used for supplying the engines, and a flexible hose pipo
secured to the iron pipes from truck to another will form an un-
broken connection throughout a train of any length, and the whole can
be supplied with water in a few minutes.
In order to regulate the cut off at pleasure of the water supply
from any of the drinking troughs, taps will be placed on the down
pipes.
The arrangement can be applied to the cattle trucks now in use
without any material alteration of the framework. A free circulation of
pure air is insured by opening the front ventilator on the level of floor
of truck.
If thought advisable the whole of the sides may be closed in and top
tilation wlosed in the maf
IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING TYPES AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOB
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Chapman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1875.
I, GEORGE CHAPMAN, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Printer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISTRIBUTING AND COMPOSING TYPES AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOB," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in distributing and
composing types and in apparatus therefor, has for its objects to facilitate
the sorting of the various letters constituting what is technically termed
a fount or series, and consequently to render this operation and that of
composition after sorting more expeditious than is accomplished by the
means or processes at present in use.
The apparatus consists of a tray having a perforated bottom, the
perforations in which communicate by channels or tubes with grooved
cases or sorting sticks, and are of sizes varying in accordance with the
form of the various types, each being appropriated to its particular
letter.

page_text: The distribution is effected by dropping or placing the letters or types
into their respective or corresponding holes, and they thus pass to the
grooved cases or sorting sticks aforesaid. The sorting sticks are then
placed in convenient order in a rack, and the compositor readily selects
therefrom the types he requires, and transfers them to his composing
stick instead of having to select them from sorted heaps or piles as at
present.