IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1853

page_text: Filed 16th December 1864.
In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to BERNARD PEARD WALKER,
of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Cut Nail Manu-
facturer, and JAMES WARREN, of Mile End Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON," bearing date the Eighteenth May One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-three, to which a Specification was
duly filed.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Clerk of the Patents of
England pursuant to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification to the said Patent we have
discovered that the claims as made may be deemed to be too wide and
indefinite, and we are desirous of disclaiming the first claim, and also of altering
and limiting the second claim by adding thereto the words "as herein-before
described" and also of omitting in the descriptive part of our Specification
certain parts to make the same accord with the claim as altered.
We hereby strike out and disclaim the words "this portion of" which are
contained in the description of Sheet I. of the Drawings near to the end of
that description; and also the words "we do not confine ourselves to the

page_text: precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion to describe or
refer to as many" which are found near to the end of the description of our
Invention; also the first claim consisting of the words "First, the improved
process or mode herein-before described of manufacturing puddled iron," and
also the word "Second" at the beginning of the second claim, which we also
alter by adding thereto the words "as herein-before described" at the end
thereof. And the said Specification when amended as proposed by us by
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration will read as follows:-
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, BERNARD
PEARD WALKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Cut Nail
Manufacturer, and JAMES WARREN, of Mile End Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, dated the Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Bernard Peard Walker and James Warren, Her special licence
that we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and James Warren, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Bernard
Peard Walker and James Warren, our executors, administrators, and
assigns should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain, and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and
James Warren, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the band and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
+ TE
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and James
Warren, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
10 y
Our said Invention relates to an improved system or mode of manu-

page_text: facturing puddled iron, whereby the operation is accomplished with a much
greater economy both of time, labor, and fuel than has been hitherto
obtained, whilst the iron, so prepared, is of a superior quality to that
manufactured by the ordinary process. Our improved process consists
in first, melting the iron in a cupola blast furnace, or refining fire of the
ordinary construction, from which it is conveyed in a fluid state to an
improved "puddling furnace," where it is kept at a high temperature and
mixed with suitable "fluxes," and subjected to the action of carbonic oxide,
oxygen, and other gases in order to purify it from those substances, the
admixture of which constitutes the difference between wrought and cast
iron. It is obvious that in place of melting the iron in a separate furnace
may be at once melted in the puddling furnace..
it
Figure I., on Sheet I. of the Drawings, represents a longitudinal vertical
section of our improved "pudding, furnace," and Figure 2 is an end eleva-
tion of the same. A is an ordinary fire-place fitted with grate bars and
charging hole B. This furnace communicates with the interior of the
puddling furnace C, which is composed of a moveable hearth of any convenient
form, a cylindrical one being shewn in, the Drawings. This furnace, which
is composed of fire-brick or other suitable material, is enclosed in an outer
casing of wrought iron D, and revolves on its horizontal axes, being driven
and supported by a set of four V grooved antifriction pulleys E, E, two of
which are shewn in Figure 2. The cavity or internal portion of this
furnace instead of being parallel with the axis of its motion is formed at an
angle, or incline therewith, as clearly seen in the Drawings; by this arrange-
ment when a rotary motion is communicated to the puddling furnace by
means of the pulley E, bevel gearing F, and driving pulley G, the portion of
the interior of the furnace will be constantly changing, thereby effectually_
agitating the melted iron without the necessity of hand working or turning.
In this way the metal is thoroughly exposed to the action of the heat and
gases, passing from the furnace A through the interior of the puddling
furnace C on its way to the chimney H. When the iron is sufficiently
purified it is removed from the furnace by means of suitable hooks or bars.
applied through the discharging aperture I when it falls through the
opening J, and is eventually withdrawn by the door K; it is then con-
veyed to the shingling machine to be worked in the ordinary manner.
The fuel employed, in this furnace may be either coal or coke or the escaped
gases from a blast furnace, and the draught may be obtained either by
employing a sufficiently high chimney or the use of any convenient blower.
It will be obvious that any form of moveable or rotary "puddling" furnace

page_text: may be employed, as an ellipse for example, or the bottom of an ordinary
"puddling" furnace may be made to revolve horizontally at a slight angle
so as to agitate the melted metal upon its surface, or it may be made to
gyrate if desired for the same purpose the main principle of our Invention
being the communicating of a rotary or other movement to that portion of
the furnace containing the iron to be operated upon for the purpose of
agitating it and facilitating the puddling operation.
Figure 1, on Sheet 2 of our Drawings, represents a longitudinal vertical
section, and Figure 2 is a horizontal section of another modification of our
Invention, shewing its application to furnaces of the ordinary construction.
In this arrangement the furnace A is of the ordinary construction, formed
with a bridge B, and fitted with fire-bars and ash-pit. The hearth C, of
cast iron, is made to revolve at a slight angle, being nearly horizontal and
is lined with scoria and sand as in the bottom of ordinary puddling furnaces.
A rotary motion is communicated to it by the supporting inclined shaft D,
and bevel gearing E, which may be driven by pulleys E¹, or any other
suitable nechanical arrangement. The lowest portion of the hearth C is
immediately behind the bridge, and as it revolves the melted metal is con-
tinually agitated, whilst it is simultaneously subjected to the action of the
flame and gasses which eventually pass off by the flue F to a suitable
chimney. When this operation is completed the melted metal may be
discharged through the side discharging door G.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that variations may be
made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main features of
our Invention, but what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
The mode of manufacturing puddled iron wherein a moveable containing
vessel or furnace is employed for the purpose of agitating and consequently
"puddling" the liquid metal as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and James
Warren, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Sixth day of
October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.

page_text: ers of Iatents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Bernard Peard
Walker and James Warren to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the
Specification to which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration.
Lincoln's Inn,
ROUNDELL PALMER,
December 15th, 1864.
Attorney General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernard Peard Walker, of Wolverhampton,
24
in the County of Stafford, Cut Nail Manufacturer, and James
"Warren, of Mile End Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gen;
tleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP IRON."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernard Peard
Walker and James Warren at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their, Petition, on the 18th May 1853.
We, BERNARD PEARD WALKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, Cut Nail Manufacturer, and JAMES WARREN, of Mile End
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE, OF
IRON to be as follows:-
5)
This, Invention consists, firstly, in melting the iron in the first stage
of its manufacture in a cupola, in place of a reverberatory furnace, as at
present; and, secondly, of certain improvements in the puddling stage,
which consist in the employment of a moveable puddling apparatus, by

page_text: which the liquid metal is agetated, thus substituting mechanical power
in place of the manual labor at present employed in that stage; by the
employment of this arrangement the melted metal may be submitted
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Bernard Peard Walker and James Warren in
the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 18th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
BERNARD PEARD WALKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Cut Nail Manufacturer, and JAMES WARREN, of Mile End
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Bernard Peard Walker and
James Warren, Her special license that we, the said Bernard Peard
Walker and James Warren, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and James
Warren, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and James
Warren, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and
James Warren, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly.
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures.
marked thereon, that is to say:
Our said Invention relates: To an improved system or mode of manu-
facturing puddled iron, whereby the operation is accomplished with a
much greater economy, both of time, labor, and fuel, than has been
hitherto obtained, whilst the iron so prepared is of a superior quality to
that manufactured by the ordinary process. Our improved process
consists in first melting the iron in a cupola blast furnace, or refining
fire of the ordinary construction, from which it is conveyed in a fluid
state to an improved "puddling furnace," where it is kept at a high
temperature, and mixed with suitable "fluxes," and subjected to the
action of carbonic oxide, oxygen, and other gases, in order to purify it.
from those substances, the admixture of which constitutes the difference.
between wrought and cast iron. It is obvious that in place of melting:
the iron in a separate furnace it may be at once melted in the puddling
furnace.
.'
Figure 1, on Sheet 1, of the Drawings, represents a longitudinal
vertical section of our improved "puddling furnace;" and Figure 2, is
an end elevation of the same. A, is an ordinary fire-place fitted with
grate bars and charging hole B. This furnace communicates with the
interior of the puddling furnace C, which is composed of a moveable:
hearth of any convenient form, a cylindrical one being shewn in the
Drawings. This furnace, which is composed of fire brick or other
suitable material, is enclosed in an outer casing of wrought iron D,
and revolves on its horizontal axes, being driven and supported by a set
of four V-grooved. anti-friction pulleys E, E, two of which are 'shewn:
in Figure 2. The cavity or internal portion of this furnace, instead of.
being parallel with the axis of its motion, is formed at an angle or
incline therewith, as clearly seen in the Drawings; by this arrangement,
when a rotatory motion is communicated to the puddling furnace by
means of the pulleys E, bevel gearing F, and driving pulley G, the

page_text: portion of the interior of the furnace will be constantly changing,
thereby effectually agitating the melted iron without the necessity of
hand working or turning. In this way the metal is thoroughly exposed.
to the action of the heat and gases passing from the furnace A, through
the interior of the puddling furnace C, on its way to the chimney H.'
When the iron is sufficiently purified it is removed from the furnace:
by means of suitable hooks or bars applied through the discharging
aperture I, when it falls through the opening J, and is eventually
withdrawn by the door K. It is then conveyed to the shingling machine
to be worked in the ordinary, manner: The fuel employed in this:
furnace may be either coal or coke, or the escape gases from a blast
furnace. And the draught may be obtained either: by employing a
sufficiently high chimney, or the use of any convenient blower. It
will be obvious that any form of moveable or rotatory "puddling"
furnace may be employed as an ellipse, for example, or the bottom of
an ordinary puddling "furnace may be made to revolve horizontally.
at a slight angle so as to agitate the melted metal upon its surface, ori
it may be made to gyrate, if 'desired, for the same purpose, the main
principle of this portion of our Invention being the communicating of
a rotatory or other movement to that portion of the furnace containing
the iron to be operated upon, for the purpose of agitating it and facili-
tating the puddling" operation.
66
Figure 1, on Sheet 2, of our Drawings, represents a longitudinal>
vertical section; and Figure 2, is a horizontal section of another
modification of our Invention; shewing its application, to furnaces of
the ordinary construction. In this arrangement the furnace A, is of
the ordinary construction; formed with a bridge B, and fitted with fire
bars and ash-pit. The hearth C; of cast iron, is made to revolve at a
slight angle, being nearly horizontal, and is lined with scoria and sand,
as in the bottom of ordinary puddling furnaces. A rotatory motion is
communicated to it by the supporting inclined shaft D, and bevel
gearing E, which may be driven by pulleys E', or any other suitable!
mechanical arrangement. The lowest portion of the hearth C, is
immediately behind the bridge, and, as it revolves, the melted metal
is continually agitated, whilst it is simultaneously subjected to the

page_text: action of the flame and gases which eventually pass off by the flue F, to
a suitable chimney. When this operation is completed the melted
metal may be discharged through the side discharging door G.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that we do not
confine or restrict ourselves to the precise details or arrangements
which we have had occasion to describe or refer to, as many variations
may be made therefrom without deviating from the principles or main
features of our Invention; but what we consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the improved process or mode herein-before described of
manufacturing puddled iron.
Second, the mode of manufacturing puddled iron, wherein a move-
able containing vessel or furnace is employed for the purpose of
agitating and consequently "puddling" the liquid metal.
In witness whereof, we, the said Bernard Peard Walker and
James Warren, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the
Twelfth day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three.
BERN P. WALKER. (L.S.)
JAMES WARREN.
(L.S.)
BERN P. WALKER. (L.S.)
JAMES WARREN.
(L.S.)