IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING, VENTILATING, AND HEATING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John William Lewis, of the Town and County of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WARMING, VENTILATING, AND HEATING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS, AND IN
THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH."
Sealed the 26th June 1868, and dated the 27th December 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Lewis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th December 1867.
I, JOHN WILLIAM LEWIS, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING, VENTILATING, AND HEATING APARTMENTS OR
BUILDINGS, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,
to be as follows:-
According to my improvements in apparatus for warming, ventilating, and
heating purposes I impart heat to air taken in its unvitiated state from the
outside of the building to be heated by means of a stove or calorifier; the
furnace of such stove or calorifier being fed with air taken from the inside of
the building. The apparatus for heating the air may be any convenient
chamber of iron, brick, or other suitable material with a furnace inside or

page_text: otherwise placed so as to heat the air in the chamber, the flue or passages
conveying air to an from this chamber being perfectly distinct from the flues
or passages conveying air to and from the furnace. In this way I can take
unvitiated air from any convenient source, pass it through the chamber, heat
it and convey it to the apartment to be warmed, whilst by taking the air to
feed the furnace from the apartment I can collect the vitiated air, pass it
through the fire and deliver it through the flue leaving the furnace. Should
this cause too great a draught in the furnace I regulate its intensity at will
by allowing part only of the air. to pass through the furnace, the remainder
being taking into the ascending flue leading from the furnace. Should the
draft on the contrary be too feeble I make a communication between the hot
air chamber of the calorifier and the ascending flue of the furnace by regulating
which I can admit more or less air and increase or diminish the draught. I
am aware that stoves are in use in which air heated in a chamber by a
furnace is supplied to a building, but in all such cases the air supplied is
taken from the inside of the building itself, and thus further vitiated every
time it passes through the apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John William Lewis in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WILLIAM LEWIS, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer,
send greeting....
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of December, in the year
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John William Lewis, Her special licence that I, the said John
Willian Lewis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I;
the said John William Lewis, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WARMING, VENTILATING, AND HEATING APARTMENTS OR BUILDINGS, AND IN THE
ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS CONNECTED. THEREWITH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John William Lewis, my executors or

page_text: administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John William Lewis, do hereby,
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in an improved arrangement of warming and.
ventilating apparatus, and in order that the same may be readily understood
and carried into practice, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Drawing..
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of my improved warming and ventilating
apparatus taken through the line A, A, Figure 5; Figure 2 is a sectional:
elevation of the same through the line B, B, Figure 5; Figure 3: is: a front
view of the apparatus the fresh air conduit p in front being shown in section ;
Figure 4 is a section through the fresh air conduit p below the surface of the
ground; Figure 5 is a section taken immediately above the fire-bars and
shewing the general arrangement of the flues and dampers or valves in dotted
lines; Figure 6 is a section taken immediately above the furnace d and through
the hot air flues. a is a door or opening through which the coal, 'coke, or
other suitable fuel is introduced into the stove over the dead plate f; b, b, are
the fire-bars, and c is the ash-pit door, and air is prevented from entering the
ash-pit by the ash-pit door c by closing it during the working of the apparatus;
d is a furnace of wrought iron, metal, or other suitable material within which
the products of combustion circulate, and is lined with fire brick at its lower.
part e where it is exposed more particularly to the action of the fire; C, C,
are the exterior walls of the warming and ventilating stove or calorifier and
between these walls and the furnace d are arranged a number of horizontal
gills or diaphragms h¹ to he, corrugated strips of iron or metal g, g, being
arranged around the exterior of the furnace d between the horizontal gills or
diaphragms; i is a vertical division plate or diaphragm extending the whole
height of the furnace d, and the gills or diaphragms hi, h³, hs, are carried on both
sides of the furnace d from the division plate i to the points k, k, leaving
passages 1, 1, for the air which may be admitted either from the air conduit p
from the exterior of the apartment, or from the air conduit u from the interior
of the apartment. The remaining gills or diaphragms h³, h, he, are fitted close

page_text: to the fire-door frame m and the partition or vertical diaphragm o above the fire-
door frame in the front of the apparatus and the gills or diaphragms ha, ha, hº, are
carried on each side of the furnace d towards the vertical diaphragm i where.
openings n, n, are left for the passage of the air. This arrangement causes
the air entering the lower inlets 1, 1, to traverse backwards and forwards.
around the furnace d until it rises into the hot air chamber or calorifier r,
through the openings or passages n, n; q is a damper or valve by which the
admission of fresh air to the conduit p is regulated the air being supplied
from a vertical or other shaft or passage communicating with the external
atmosphere; is the warm air flue or passage leading to the apartment to be
warmed and is provided with a damper or valve t; 3 is a water box placed
in the hot air flue and supplied with tubes 4 which are open at their upper
ends. This water box 3 is supplied with water from an external cistern and
any suitable self-acting supply apparatus is so arranged that the water will
stand within a few inches of the tops of the tubes 4, this water box being for
the purpose of tempering and moistening the warm air in its passage to the
apartment; u is the air conduit for conveying air from the apartment which
is being warmed, and upon the damper or valve 1 being raised the conduit u is
placed in communication with the space beneath the furnace d; x is a passage
from the conduit u by which air is admitted from the conduit u under the fire-
bars of the furnace to support the combustion of the fuel and a portion of the air
returned from the apartment passes through the passage x. The amount of air
admitted to the ash-pit by the passage x is regulated by the damper or valve y
and the products of combustion pass away in the direction indicated by the
arrows from the interior of the furnace d through the pipes v, v, into the
chimney w; z, is a damper or valve by means of which a passage may be
opened between the conduit u for the air from the apartment and the
chimney w so as to allow the air passing through the conduit u to pass up
the chimney w when desired; 2, 2, are supports for the furnace d; 5 is a
damper or valve for opening or closing a passage cominunicating between the
hot air chamber r and the chimney w; 6 is a small chamber above the
furnace d so arranged as to receive a portion of the warm air rising from the
passagen and the warm air passes out of the chamber 6 through the pipe 7,
which is carried through and to the top of a flue arranged in any convenient
part of the building and communicating with the atmosphere at the top. The
heat radiated from the pipe 7 rarifies the air in the flue and causes a current
to pass up it and by carrying pipes or passages from the upper part of any
room that it may be desirable to ventilate to this flue the vitiated air will. be
drawn away from such rooms or apartinents. The pipe 7 may, if desired, be

page_text: carried up through the ordinary chimney of an apartment, when it will cause
a draught to pass through the ordinary fire-place or through any other opening
that may be made into the chimney; 8 is a passage connecting the warm air
conduit s with the conduit u for conveying the air from the apartment, and the
passage 8 is provided with a damper or valve 9, and when it is desired to use
the apparatus as a means of ventilation only this passage 8 very much, increases
its utility as will be hereafter described.
.
I will now proceed to describe the uses to which it is intended to apply
the apparatus and the combinations which can be effected by means of the
various dampers or valves.
Firstly. By opening the dampers or valves t, y, and 1, and closing the
dampers or valves q, z, 5, 9, air is taken from the apartment, and passes under
and around the furnace d, the air by this means being warmed. The air
afterwards passes through the warm air flues into the apartment, the furnace
being fed by air from the apartment passing through the passage a into the
chimney w..
:
Secondly. When a large assemblage of people or other causes render the
air unfit for respiration the damper or valve 1 is closed, and the dampers or
valves and are open, fresh air is thus admitted to the apparatus and
warmed by the heat arising from the furnace d and supplied to the apartment,
and the vitiated air from the apartment is drawn up to the chimney together
with the products of combustion.
Thirdly. When it is desired to ventilate and not to heat the apartment by
opening the dampers or valves 9, 1, y, and 5, and closing the dampers or
valves q, t, and z, air is drawn from the apartment, and is prevented by the
damper or valve t from passing through the hot air flues into the apartment.
The warm air in place of passing into the apartment passes into the chimney
through the passage 10, and produces a powerful draught, the air being
drawn from the apartment through both the warm air passages and the
vitiated air conduit u.
It will also be seen that by judicious management of the several dampers
or valves the supply of warm air to the apartment may at any time be arrested
and increased power of ventilation obtained, or the apartment warmed or
ventilated according to the exact requirements, of the case.
Having now explained the nature of my Invention, and the best means I
am acquainted with for carrying the same into operation, I would have it
understood that I do not confine myself to the exact form, arrangement, or
details of the warming and ventilating apparatus herein shown and described,
which may be greatly varied in order to adapt the same to various circum-

page_text: stances and requirements without departing from the nature of my Invention;
but what I claim is,-
Firstly. The general mode of constructing and arranging the furnace and
stove or calorifièr of a warming and ventilating apparatus with the "gills" or
diaphragms substantially as and for the purpose herein shewn and
described.
Secondly. I claim the general arrangement of flues and dampers of a
warming and ventilating apparatus whereby, the same apparatus may at one
time be caused to heat air taken from the apartment to be heated and re-
beat the same, and at another time be caused to supply heated air drawn
from the exterior of the apartment, and draw the vitiated air from the apart-
ment through the fire-box and into the chimney, substantially as herein shown
and described.
Thirdly. I claim supporting the combustion in the furnace of a warming
and ventilating apparatus from a portion only of the vitiated air passing
from the apartment to be heated or ventilated, the remainder of the vitiated
'air passing up the chimney or being reheated, substantially as herein shown
and described.
Fourthly. I claim the general arrangement of the flues and dampers,
whereby a warming and ventilating apparatus may be employed simply for
ventilating purposes only, substantially as herein shewn and described.
Fifthly. I claim conducting a portion of the heated air from a warming
and ventilating apparatus into a chimney or conduit for the purpose of heating
the air in such chimney or conduit, and producing an upward current of air
therein, aud forming passages or openings into such chimney or conduit
from all such rooms as it may be desired to ventilate substantially as herein
shown and described
In witness whereof, I, the said John William Lewis, have hereunto
set my band and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JOHN WILLIAM LEWIS. (L.S.)