IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Mace, of No. 14, Green Street, Sun der-
land, in the County of Durham, Engineer, for the Invention
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
of
Sealed the 30th August 1867, and dated the 8th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Mace at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th March 1867.
I, CHARLES MACE, of No. 14, Green Street, Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam boilers. In
constructing a steam boiler according to this Invention narrow, vertical, or
upright parallel water spaces are formed below the upper or main water and
steam space of the boiler. These vertical parallel water spaces are formed
in a direction from front to back of the boilers. The upper ends of these
water spaces are open to the upper and main water and steam chamber, so
that the water in the upright water spaces can flow freely into the upper water
chamber. Each of the upright water spaces is closed at the bottom, and the
fire-place is formed below them. The outermost of these vertical or upright

page_text: water spaces may descend below the fire-bars, and such is the case with those
intermediate ones which divide one fire-place or furnace from the neighbouring
ones, or the furnaces may be divided from each other by fire-bricks, as may
be deemed desirable. The ash-pits below the fire-bars are also divided from
each other by water spaces or fire-bricks which descend below the fire-bars of
the furnaces or fire-places. All the vertical or upright water spaces are
separated by narrow flues or fire-spaces, which open at their upper ends into
a dry smoke box by which the upper part or the main water and steam
chamber or steam dome of the boiler is enclosed, and from which the products
of combustion pass into a chimney. The narrow upright water spaces are
strengthened and kept in form by transverse distance pieces and bolts or
rivets. At the front and back of each fire-place or furnace is an inclined
plate, and between them are the fire-bars. At the lower parts of these
upright narrow water spaces there is an opening at the back and the front, to
each of which openings a branch pipe is fixed which connects each of the
upright water spaces at the back and the front with a pipe which runs all
round the boiler. At the back of the boiler this pipe is formed with a blow-
off outlet, closed with a plug when the boiler is in use; the water feed pipes
are also connected with this surrounding pipe, hence all the water supplied to
the boiler comes first into this pipe, and thence passes into the narrow upright
water spaces. In case the furnaces are separated by fire-bricks a water pipe
or pipes may be run along each side of the furnaces and connected with the
main circulating water pipe. There are glands and stuffing boxes formed
through the branches in the surrounding pipe in front of the boiler where
that pipe is connected to the narrow water spaces, through which bars or rods
work in order to remove the scale from the lower parts of the upright water
spaces over the fire. Above the water and steam chamber or compartment
of a boiler is a steam dome and superheater running across at right angles to
the steam and water ehamber (from side to side of boiler). This steam dome
and superheater is connected by a branch pipe to each water and steam
chamber or compartment.
In the above combined arrangement tubes may be placed horizontally, or
at a slight inclination in each flame or fire space, in which case the tubes
would be filled with water and opened to and connected with the main
circulating pipes to gain more heating surface.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Mace in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
MACE, of No. 14, Green Street, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Mace, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Mace, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Mace, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Mace,
iny executors or administrators, by an.instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Mace, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam boilers. In
constructing a steam boiler according to this Invention narrow, vertical, or
upright parallel water spaces are formed below the upper or main water and
steam space of the boiler. These vertical parallel water spaces are formed
in a direction from front to back of the boilers. The upper ends of these
water spaces are open to the upper and main water and steam chamber, so
that the water in the upright water spaces can flow freely into the upper
water chamber. Each of the upright water spaces is closed at the bottom,.
and the fire-place is formed below them. The outermost of these vertical or

page_text: upright water spaces may descend below the fire-bars, and such is the
case with those intermediate ones which divide one fire-place or furnace
from the neighbouring ones, or the furnaces may be divided from each
other by fire-bricks, as may be deemed desirable. The ash-pits below the
fire-bars are also divided from each other by water spaces or fire-bricks which
descend below the fire-bars of the furnaces or fire-places. All the vertical
or upright water spaces are separated by narrow flues or fire-spaces, which
open at their upper ends into a dry smoke box by which the upper part or
the main water and steam chamber of the dome or steam boiler is enclosed
and from which the products of combustion pass into a chimney. The narrow
upright water spaces are strengthened and kept in form by transverse distance
pieces and bolts or rivets. At the front and back of each fire-place or furnace
is an inclined plate, and between them are the fire-bars. At the lower parts of
these upright narrow water spaces there is an opening at the back and front, to
each of which openings a branch pipe is fixed which connects each of the
upright water spaces at the back and the front with a pipe which runs all
round or along the front and back of the boiler. At the back of the boiler
this pipe is formed with a blow-off outlet closed with a plug when the boiler
is in use; the water feed pipes are also connected with this pipe, hence, all
the water supplied to the boiler comes first into this pipe and thence passes
into the narrow upright water spaces. In case the furnaces are separated by
fire-bricks a water pipe or pipes may be run along each side of the furnaces
and connected with the main circulating. water pipe. There are glands and
stuffing boxes formed through the branches in the surrounding pipe in front
of the boiler where that pipe is connected to the narrow water spaces through
which bars or rods work in order to remove the scale from the lower part of
the upright water spaces over the fire.
Figure 1 is a front view, one half in section, of a marine boiler constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same,
one half taken on the line A, B, and the other half on the line C, D,
in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a vertical section of the boiler, one half taken
on the line E, F, and the other half on the line G, H, in Figure 2.
a, a, a, are the number of vertical water spaces running from front
to back of the boiler parallel the one to the other, and communicating at
their upper ends with the main water and steam space 6 of the boiler;
a¹, a, a, are water spaces similar to the spaces u, but carried down to
the foundation or bed on which the boiler is supported; these spaces form
the sides of the boiler and the partitions between the furnaces, and ash-pits.
a, a, are cover plates at the ends of these partitions, which may be

page_text: removed to clear out the deposit from time to time; the partitions between
the furnaces may if preferred be formed of brickwork. The water spaces a
and a' are kept in form, as is shewn, by rivets passing through them from side
to side, and having distance pieces threaded upon them within the spaces.
The main water and steam space is stayed, as is shewn, by a number of vertical
stays connected with angle irons at the top and passing down to the upper-
most rivets of the water spaces a and a¹; there are also horizontal stays, as is
shewn, connected with angle irons at the ends of the space b. The boiler is
enclosed at the front and the back by walls of brickwork c, c, supported on
cast plates d, d, which also form the inclined dead plates in front and at the
back of the fire-grates e, e; the inclined dead plates serve to concentrate the
heat of the furnace about the centre of the spaces a and a¹. The casting or
frame f which carries the fire-doors is set immediately beneath the brickwork
at the front of the boiler. 9, 9, are pipes running along the front and back of
the boiler on the outside, or a pipe running around the boiler may be em-
ployed. The pipes g are connected at one end with the feed pumps or other
feeding apparatus, and they also have blow-off cocks upon them. The water
spaces a are each connected, as is shewn, with the pipes g, g, so that the feed
water enters at their lower ends. h, h, are rods passing by stuffing boxes
through the front pipe g into the spaces a; they have scrapers at their ends
which are employed to keep the bottoms of the water spaces free of deposit.
The rods h have handles at their ends, as is shown, by means of which they
may be moved to and fro by hand, so as to cause the scrapers at their ends to
travel over the bottoms of the water spaces a from end to end. The back
and front walls c, c, terminate beneath the top of the water spaces a, so as to
leave passages over them at the top by which the flame and draft from the
furnaces may pass into the smoke box i, from whence they pass to the
chimney k.
The arrangements for drawing steam from the boiler are not shown, being
of the ordinary description, and for the same reason the safety valves and
ordinary fittings of a steam boiler are not represented in the Drawings.
In the above combined arrangement tubes not shown in the Drawings may
be placed horizontally or at a slight inclination in each flame or fire-space, in
which case the tubes would be filled with water, and opened to and connected
with the main circulating pipes to gain more heating surface.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that what I claim is, the
general arrangement of steam boilers as herein-before described.
I also claim the constructing steam boilers with a number of vertical, water

page_text: spaces running from front to back of the boiler with flame spaces between
them, such water spaces receiving the feed water at their lower ends, and
having scrapers within them by which they may be kept free from deposit.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Mace, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of September, in the year of our Lord 5
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
CHARLES MACE. (L.B.)