Improvements in and Fittings Connected with Casement and Sash Windows, Doors, and such like Structures.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 15th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 14th Feb.,. 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 11th May, 1889
Improvements in and Fittings Connected with Casement and Sash
Windows, Doors, and such like Structures.
We, JAMES HIRD, of 7, Panmure Row, and JOHN ALEXANDER FORD, of 18
George Street, both in Montrose, Forfarshire, Builders, do hereby declare the nature
of our invention to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to improved simple modes and means of and connected
with the mounting of hinged casement windows and sash windows, doors, and such
like structures in their frames, and to improved constructions and arrangement of the
fittings or appliances relating thereto, and comprises improvements on the inven
tion for which we have made application for Patent No. 2799 Feby. 24 1888, with
the object of simplifying the fittings and dispensing with springs behind the sup-
porting parts fitted and moving within the fixed frame of the window, and which will
make these fittings cheaper, and less liable to derangement although requiring to be
brought into action by hand.
Under one arrangement these improvements consist in fitting the short fixed
bearing blocks (which support the swivelling part secured to the moving window
sash) with short lateral blocks on a slide or swivelling bar fitted to reciprocate or
oscillate in guides or bearings secured on the inner back of the faceplate screwed or
otherwise secured in the face of the fixed frame of the window, close to the sliding
edge of the sashes. The lateral carrying or footstep blocks on the slide bars project
and move out through slots in the face of the plate so as to come under the spindle or
turning metal part screwed on to the front corner of the window sash, and receive
these and carry the weight of the sash; and have a finger pulling or turning knob
fitted on the end of the bar or spindle, projecting through a slot in the frame behind
the batten rods, so as to reciprocate the plate or bar, with the lateral blocks on it into
or out of action within slots formed for these in the window sash under the swivelling
blocks of the window sash. The swivelling blocks secured to the window sash would
preferably be made with right angle knees or flanges, sunk in and screwed to the front
and side sliding edges near the upper and lower corners of each sash on the side the

page_text: window had to swivel inwards, for cleaning and other purposes. The lower part
of the batten rods would be made portable and removable, where the inner and outer
window sliding sashes had to be swivelled into the house for cleaning; and in this
case where they were both swivelled in below near the lower part of the window, the
improved carrying or swivelling blocks for both windows might be fitted on the same
slide or swivelling spindles. And these lower portable parts of the batten rods would
have their bottom ends formed with checks or dowels to secure them in corresponding
recesses in the lower frame of the window, and be checked at their upper end or
joint into the lower joint of the upper parts of the batten rods permanently screwed
to the window frame, to secure them in true sliding line against the window sashes.
And the upper ends of these removable batten rods, would be fitted with kneed or
bell crank brass or metal catches, taking into notched recesses in a plate sunk in the
window frame behind them, with a finger pushing lever on the front hanging part for
disengaging the catches on the horizontal arm and removing the batten rods when
this was required for raising the lower sash and lowering the upper sash to swivel
them inwards on their said carrying slide or swivelling bars.
Although the swivelling spindles have been described as formed on the brass fittings
secured to the front corners of the sashes, these might be formed with the swivelling
holes through them, and have the spindles for entering these holes fitted on the
sliding or swivelling blocks and bars in the fixed frames, so as to bring down the
windows and their said swivelling bushes on to their said supporting swivelling
spindles.

page_text: Windows, Doors, and such like Structures.
We, JAMES HIRD, of 7 Panmure Row, and JOHN ALEXANDER FORD, of 18
George Street, both in Montrose, Forfarshire, Builders, do hereby declare the nature
of our said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our invention has reference to improved simple modes and means of and con-
nected with the mounting of hinged casement windows and sash windows, doors, and
such like structures in their frames, and to improve constructions and arrangements
of the fittings and fasteners or appliances relating thereto, and comprises improve-
ments on the invention for which we have made application for Patent No. 2799
Feb. 24 1888, with the object of simplifying the fittings and fasteners and dispensing
with springs behind the supporting parts fitted and moving within the fixed frame of
the window, and which will make these fittings and fasteners cheaper, and less liable
to derangement although requiring to be brought into action by hand.
And in order that our said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying the
same into effect or practice may be properly understood, we have hereunto appended
an explanatory Sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure 1 shows an irregular horizontal section through one side of the fixed
frame F F, and of the lower and upper and outer sliding sashes A A', and A¹ A*,
with sliding plates e carrying their bearing blocks e', working in grooves E', in slide-
frames E, screwed and fitted within the fixed side frames F. Figure 2 shows a front
view of the bearing slide e, e², and its slide frame E, E¹, detached from the window
frame, and Figure 3 shows an edge view of the bearing slide e, e², separate from
its slide E, E, and Figure 4 shows an edge section of the slide plate or frame E E¹.
While Figure 5 shows a plan and front view of the swivelling hinge piece D, d, with
double or knee flanges for screwing to the corner of the stile A A', of the
sashes A A*, with the spindle d downwards for entering the bearing sockets e², e², of
the slide plate e when pushed under the swivelling spindles d d. Figure 6 shows an
edge and front view of a corresponding stronger form of swivelling hinged part and
spindle D, d, with one flange D' for sinking and screwing into the window frame A¹,
and as more suitable for heavy hinged window frames or doors. Figure 7 shows a
front view and transverse and longitudinal section of a slide frame plate E³, with a sup-
porting slide and swivelling bearing socket e², as suitable for either being sunk and
screwed on to the fixed frame F', for the spindle d of one window frame to work
into, or as suitable for being sunk and screwed into the moving window frame A, for
being reciprocated over the spindles & when these are fixed on the sliding bearings e
instead of the socket bearings e², which they might be as showa dotted in at

page_text: Figure 2. Figure 8 shows a section of one side of a fixed window frame F F¹, with
inner and outer sliding sashes A. A' and A¹ A* corresponding to Figure 1, but with
an oscillating or swivelling form of the bearings e e² swivelling in bearings E¹ in the
back of the plate E, sunk and screwed in the vertical stile F¹ of the fixed frame F.
This bearing spindle e, e², and its supporting plate frame E, E', are shown detached
from the frame in front view in Figure 9, the projecting bearing sockets e oscillating
up through slots E, in the plate E. Figures 10 and 11 show a side and an edge
view of the swivelling bearing spindle e, e², and its carrying plate E E¹ detached from
each other. Figure 12 is a sectional elevation of a window frame, showing the
lower inner sash A only as mounted to slide upwards and hinge inwards; while the
upper and narrower sash A* is made to oscillate outwards on a hinge fat the top for
ventilation, actuated and retained in any open or closed position, by an arrangement
of bell-crank hand lever g, g¹, oscillated on a stud bracket at g to one side F1 of the
window frame F. The lower short arm g¹ of the bellerank g, gl, is connected by a
connecting rod g3 to a stud at g* on the side of the oscillating window frame A*, so that
on the long arm of the lever g being turned a half turn to the position shown in
dotted lines in Figure 12, this throws the window fully open as shown in Figure 12
for air to enter the apartment, as indicated by the arrow. In some cases this lever
might be turned by a cord as indicated at g pulled outwards and downwards into the
room. Figure 13 shows in side and edge view a different arrangement of the
mechanical appliances for turning and holding out the window, and consists of a brass
bracket screwed to the side of the window frame F, containing a cord pulley h
fulcrumed on a central spindle in the bracket with a hanging cord ", having its end
attached to it, in such a position that when drawn over an antifriction pulley at hin
the lower part of the bracket h it can turn the pulley quite half a turn or so in the
same manner as the bell-crank g g was turned; and this pulley has a lateral stud or
crank pin secured on its outside, coupled by a connecting rod h³ to a joint
bracket on the oscillating sash A* of the window, so as to push it out in an
equivalent manner to that shown in Figure 12 and the fixing of the cord " or g" in
any position would hold the window open to any desired extent less than that shown
in Figure 12 which gives the full angle due to the throw of the crank. A spring or
other equivalent might be fitted in the back of the pulley in the bracket h which
would bring it back to its normal closed position shown in Figure 13 when the cord "
was let go, or this might be effected by a counterweight or by the weight of the
window. Referring to these Drawings, the improvements consist all as follows:-In-
forming the short lateral fixed bearing socket blocks e², or it might be their spindle
bearings for supporting the swivelling part D, d, secured to the moving window
sashes on a slide plate e fitted to oscillate in guides or bearings E¹ formed or secured on
the inner back of the carrying face plate E sunk and screwed or otherwise secured in the
face of the fixed frame F of the window, close to the sliding vertical edge A¹ of the
sashes A A*. The lateral carrying footstep blocks or sockets e² on the slide plates e
project out through slots E, and are reciprocated by hand projections el in the face
of the plate E so as to come under the rounded or tapered point of the turning
metal spindle d of the flanged plate D, screwed to the front corner A' of both the
lower and upper parts of the window sash A, and A* and so receive these spindles d
and carry the weight of the sash while being turned into the house, all as shown
particularly in Figures 1 to 5. But referring to Figures 8 to 11, instead of using a
sliding plate e this may be made in the form of a swivelling spindle with the lateral
socket steps e formed on it, as seen detached in Figure 10, and be oscillated by
a lever on its inner end, or it might be a milled head, as seen dotted-in in
Figure 8 at e within supporting bearings E' E' secured or formed on the back of
the plate E sunk and screwed within the slot in the face of the sunk frame F¹, as seen
detached in Figure 11. In this case the spindle e is turned by its handle e or ell
with the lateral bearing blocks e² on it to bring these into or out of action within
slots E, formed for them in the window sash and plate E under the swivelling
blocks D, d, of the window sash. The lower part of the batten rods F, and the parting
bead F, between the window sashes A and A* is made portable and removable where

page_text: And
the inner and outer window sliding sashes had to be swivelled into the house for
cleaning, and in this case where both window sashes were swivelled in below near
the lower part of the window, the improved carrying or swivelling blocks e, e, for
both windows might be fitted on the same slide plate or swivelling spindle e.
these lower portable parts of the batten rods F, F, have their bottom ends formed
with checks or dowels to secure them in corresponding recesses in the lower frame of
the window, and be checked at their upper end or joint into the lower joint of the
upper parts of the batten rods permanently screwed to the window frame, to secure
them in true sliding line against the window sashes. And tho upper ends of the
removable parts of the batten rods F, F, may be fitted with kneed or bell crank
brass or metal catches, taking into notched recesses in a plate sunk in the window
frame behind them, with a finger pushing lever on the front hanging part for
disengaging the catches on the horizontal arm and removing the batten rods when
this was required for raising the lower sash and lowering the upper sash to swivel
them inwards on their said carrying slide or swivelling bars.
Although the swivelling spindles d have been described as formed on the brass
flanged plate fittings D D₁, secured to the front corners of the sashes, these might be
formed with swivelling sockets or holes as shown at e² in Figure 7 preferably on a
sliding plate e fitted in a plate E³, screwed to the window frame, and have the
spindles d for entering these holes fitted on the sliding or swivelling blocks and bars e
in the plates E, and fixed frames F, as shown dotted-in at din Figure 2, so as to
bring down the windows and their said swivelling bushes e on to their said supporting
swivelling spindles ¹¹, all otherwise substantially as described in reference to the
former figures, so as to swivel the frames of the windows A, A', within the house to
be cleaned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be. performed, we declare that we
do not claim per se the arrangements of ventilating appliances and their operating
mechanism shown in figures 12 and 13, but only in combination with the improve-
ments hereinbefore described in reference to figures 1 to 11 and as applied to the
lower sash of the window shown in these two figures 12 and 13, and what we consider
novel and therefore claim is :-
First. The construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of fittings
or fasteners for casement and sash windows, doors, and such like structures, substan-
stantially as and for the purposes herein described and distinguished in reference to
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Second. The constructing of casement and sash windows, doors, and such like
structures, with reciprocating and oscillating supporting hinged blocks or members, so
as to hold up these windows or structures and enable them to be swung in on said
supports and cleaned from the inside of the appartments, and also enable them to be
lowered and closed wind and water tight in their frames, substantially as herein
described, and distinguished in reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 13th February 1889.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow,
Agents.
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow,
'Agents.