IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, SLABS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE OR OTHER PLASTIC MATERIAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustav Lindemann, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, SLABS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE
OR OTHER PLASTIC MATERIAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 24th April 1863, and dated the 27th October 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustav Lindemann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1862.
I, GUSTAV LINDEMANN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, SLABS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE OR
OTHER PLASTIC MATERIAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED
THERE WITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the material to be forced into a roller
provided with slits or other openings for its passage, and through which it is
again propelled into moulds or other shaping apparatus; or the moulds may be
detached and the moulding produced by a separate operation. In order to force
the material in the first instance through the openings, I use another but plain
roller working in conjunction with that above mentioned, and for the purpose
of discharging it again I use a stationary curved, plate which gradually
conducts the material outward. When the articles are formed by being

page_text: forced through moulds and are then cut off, I cause such articles to abut
against a plate kept in position by levers, which, when the material is severed,
turn downward, and deliver the article on to a travelling surface.
Another part of my Invention relates to the construction of hoppers for
delivering plastic material to rollers or other apparatus which are to operate
upon it, and consists in forming the sides of such hoppers of travelling
surfaces:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Gustav Lindemann in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th April 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAV
LINDEMANN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Gustav Lindemann, Her special licence that I, the said Gustuv Lindemann,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, or such others as I, the said Gustav
Lindemann, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, SLABS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF EARTHENWARE OR
OTHER PLASTIC MATERIALS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said
Gustav Lindemann, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six. calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustav Lindemann, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of bringing the clay or other
plastic material into a condition for being moulded.

page_text: For this purpose I cause it to be forced through slits or other openings
formed around the periphery of a cylinder, and through which it is again pro-
pelled so as to be delivered to any convenient receptacle or at once into moulds.
When the articles are formed by being forced through moulds and then cut
off, I cause them to abut against a surface retained by levers, which, when the
material has been severed, turn downward, and deposit the moulded article on
to a travelling apron or other such apparatus.
Another part of my Invention relates to the construction of hoppers for
delivering plastic materials to rollers or other apparatus which are to operate
upon it, and consists in forming the sides of such hoppers of travelling
surfaces.
In the accompanying Drawings these several improvements are shewn in
combination, constituting one machine, such combination is not, however,
necessary, and I will therefore in the first instance describe them separately.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 a longitudinal section,
and Fig. 3 a plan view in section.
At a is a cylinder mounted upon a shaft b, and provided with a number of
slits c upon its periphery. These slits are in four rows, two of them being
situate on each side of a disc d, which constitutes the connexion between the
cylinder and its shaft b. It will be observed, upon looking at Fig. 3, that the
line of section passes through the slits in some of the rows and through the
metal between them in others; this merely arises from the several rows being.
so arranged that the slits in one are opposite to solid parts in the adjoining.
The cylinder a is without ends and runs against the fixed framing e of the
machine. In contact with its periphery is another cylinder f, mounted upon
a shaft 9, which is carried by a lever h, capable of turning upon a
fixed centre at i. The lower end of this lever is connected by a link k to a
bell crank lever l, mounted upon a centre at m, and carrying upon its longer
arm a weight *; by this weight therefore the cylinder f is caused to bear
against the periphery of the perforated cylinder a. At n is a curved plate
formed in two parts, one on each side of the disc d, and situate therefore
within the cylinder a. This curved surface is fastened at each end to the
stationary framework e, and does not therefore revolve with the cylinder.
The operation of this part of my Invention is as follows:-The clay or other
plastic material is placed in a hopper o, and it falls therefore between the two
cylinders a, f, which are caused to revolve in the direction of the arrows. The
material being pressed against the cylinder a by the cylinder f, is forced
through the slits in the former, which as it continues to revolve, conveys it
downward into the space p, and as this space narrows from the bottom towards

page_text: the upper end, and as the material cannot otherwise escape it is again caused
to pass through the rows of slits in an uniform plastic condition, free from
stones or other such matters, and it may thus be received into any convenient
receptacle to be subsequently moulded by any ordinary-process. The plate n
is shewn hollow in the Drawing, and is so formed for the admission of steam
if desired. At its upper end is a packing 9, capable of being adjusted by
screws so as to prevent the material from passing. During the operation
above described any stones which would cause an obstruction act upon the
cylinder f so as to cause it to overcome the weight 1*, and the said cylinder
will then turn bodily upon its centre of motion i, and allow the stones to fall
downward into a receptacle r, from whence they may be removed through a
doorway. At s is a scraper for keeping the surface of the cylinder f clean,
and at t is another scraper acting after the same manner upon the cylinder a
The several parts above mentioned may be caused to revolve in any convenient
manner as represented in the Drawings. The main driving shaft is at n,
upon which is a pinion v taking into a wheel w upon the axis of the cylinder a,
which wheel gears into another x, mounted upon the shaft of the cylinder f.
In reference to this part of my Invention, I would observe that I do not limit
myself to the construction of perforated cylinder shewn, as other arrangements
of perforations and other means for forcing the materials through the openings
may be adopted, nor do I limit myself to the use of a cylinder for that purpose,
as a flat surface through which the material may be forced may in like
manner be employed for screening it from stones and obtaining a homogenous
plastic substance.
Thus far I have described my method of preparing the material for being
moulded, and which moulding may be a separate operation; in the accom-
panying Drawings, however, I shew a method of forming bricks working in
connexion with the first part of my Invention. At 1 is a mould or die attached
to the framework of the machine, and into which the material is forced as it
is passed through the slits formed in the cylinder a. At 2 are levers turning
upon a fixed centre at 3, and carrying at their outward ends a board 4 placed
thereon for each brick by the attendant. The said levers are also provided
with another board 5 fixed thereon. At 6 is a lever loaded with a sufficient
weight to cause the levers 2 to turn upward when free of a brick into the
position shewn at Fig. 1. The material being delivered from the cylinder a
and being passed onward into the mould or die 1, passes out from the end
thereof, and is then cut off by any ordinary method. The further delivery of
material will now push forward the moulded brick, the weight of which will
overcome the loaded lever 6 so as to cause the levers 2 to turn downward upon

page_text: their centre of motion, the moulded brick travelling with them and resting
upon the board 4. This descent takes place until the said board 4 reaches the
travelling aprons 7, upon which, together with the brick, it is deposited (see
Fig. 2), and as the apron moves onward it conveys the board away from the
levers 2 so as to allow the weight 6 to restore them to the position shewn at
Fig. 1, the attendant baving previously adapted another board 4 to receive the
next brick. There are other parts shewn in the Drawings which constitute
an apparatus for cutting off the material into bricks, but to these parts I lay no
claim, and it will not therefore be necessary to enter into a description thereof.
The said cutting may, as before observed, be effected by hand or by other
ordinary arrangements.
The next part of my Invention is shewn at Fig. 2, in which o is a hopper,
two or the four sides of which are formed by aprons 8 passing over rollers q.
These rollers may have rotatory motion communicated to them by any ordinary
means, and the inward surfaces by travelling downward assist the passage of
the plastic material to rollers or other apparatus which are to operate upon it
for the manufacture of bricks, tiles, or other such articles.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that
I claim as secured to me under the above in part recited Letters Patent, -
Firstly, the use of the perforated cylinder or its equivalent for the purpose
above set forth, also the use of the curved bar n in connexion with the said
cylinder.
Secondly, the method of delivering the moulded articles on to a travelling
surface.
Thirdly, the use of a hopper with a travelling side or sides..
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Lindemann, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-three.
CHISTAV LINDEMANN
GUSTAV LINDEMANN (L.C.)