Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Pile Fabrios.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 24th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 20th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Weaving Pile Fabrios.
I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMITH, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield
Works, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to obtain increased production in looms for
weaving figured pile fabrics with the pile face to face and a double backing, the
double fabric being subsequently split by cutting the pile which joins the
backings.
In an ordinary Jacquard machine, where the warps form the pile on the cloth,
when raised by the jacquard and a wire is inserted to give the height of pile with
the knife ou it, when it is withdrawn, there are two boards or lifts above which
the harness cords are knotted, so that they may be raised as arranged to form the
cloth or pile.
In my invention I use two extra boards or lifts and arrange the knotting of the
harness cords above these lifts so that I obtain the power of forming two cloths
with the warps usually required for one cloth, thereby saving material. This
arrangement of four lifts with the harness cords knotted as described allows of
working the two cloths with two shuttles-one for each cloth-simultaneously
thereby giving double the production from one loom. Half of the harness cords
are knotted in the usual way that is above the Jacquard comb and above the
comber board, the warps in this position of the harness forming the bottom cloth.
The other half of the harness cords are taken through the top of the Jacquard
machine and fixed on to rods. Those rods are raised or lowered by a lever with a
rod attached to a cam on the loom. When raised the cords are taut from the top
of the jacquard to the lingoes on the bottoms of the cords and those cords are then
controllable by the needles in the jacquard without requiring to be lowered for
this purpose. In this position the body of the top cloth is formed. This portion
f the harness is not knotted above the Jacquard comb or comber board, so that in
Jaising or lowering those two lifts this portion of the harness is not affected in any
way; but below the needles immediately above the neck board there is placed a
comb or lifting board, the holes in which are placed the reverse way from those in
the Jacquard comb, and this portion of the harness is knotted above the comb.
This comb being raised up when the top lift up it gets its selection of the harness
from the ordinary needles in the jacquard, as the top lift raised all the knots on
this portion of the harness close enough to the needles to be affected by then.
When this comb gets its selection the top lift lowers the remainder of this harness
down to the bottom of the bottom cloth and at the same time the usual Jacquard
comb raises the portion of the harness it has selected to the top of the top cloth
thus forming the full design. As may be arranged in the design the top lift may
lower all the design or the Jacquard comb may raise all the design and as the
warps are bound in with a weft shot into the cloth on the side opposite that from
which they started, on their recovering their original positions the pile on the
cloth is formed. The cloths are severed by a suitable knife. The depth of pile is
formed by the distance of the two fine chains in each cloth and is regulated by two
plates one placed below the bottom cloth and one above the top cloth. Those
two plates are caused to slide forward by spring or other means after the lay has

page_text: beat the shot bome, thus taking the strain off the warps that have formed the
design on the cloths and keeping the weights on them from drawing the two cloths
together.
The same effect may be got by bringing all the warps for forming the pile
through between two clamps at the back of the beddles. In this way the depth of
the pile would be formed by raising in the Jacquard lift the yarn affected by it the
extra height required to give the requisite depth of pile; and the top lift would
lower the yarn in it forming the design down the extra distance required for the
height of pile, on those two lifts resuming their positions, the angle being less from
the clamps to their normal positions than to the positions they were raised and
lowered to. The said extra distance in the angles is increased or diminished
according to the depth of pile required.
At the time the jacquard is raised and the top lift is lowered, the clamps take a
hold of the yarns holding them till the yarns in the jacquard and top lift are
bound in by a weft shot in their normal position thus taking the weights of those
yarns while they are forming the design.
Dated this 23rd day of April 1894.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,.
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.
I, RICHARD NORVILLE WATSON SMITH, Carpet Manufacturer, Stonefield
Works, Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to obtain increased production in looms for
weaving figured pile fabrics with the pile face to face and a double backing, the
double fabric being subsequently split by cutting the pile which joins the
backings.
In an ordinary Jacquard machine, where the warps form the pile on the cloth,
when raised by the jacquard, and a wire is inserted to give the height of pile
with the knife on it, when it is withdrawn, there are two boards or lifts above
which the harness cords are knotted, so that they may be raised as arranged to
form the cloth or pile.
In my invention as illustrated in the various positions of the lifting boards at
Figures 1, 2 and 3, I use two boards or lifts A, B, supplementary to the ordinary
boards C, D, and arrange the knotting of that portion E of the harness cords
above the lifts A, B, and that E' above the lift C, D, so that I obtain the power of
forming two cloths with the warps usually required for one cloth, thereby saving
material. This arrangement of four lifts A, B, C, D, with the harness cords
knotted as described allows of working the two cloths with two shuttles-one for
each cloth simultaneously, thereby giving double the production from one loom.
Half of the harness cords E' are knotted in the usual way that is above the
Jacquard comb C and above the comber board D, the warps in this position of the
harness forming the bottom cloth. The other half of the harness cords E are
taken through the top of the Jacquard machine H and fixed on to the board A.
The board A is raised or lowered by a bell crank lever F with a rod G attached to
a cam on the loom. When raised the cords E are taut from the top of the
jacquard H to the lingoes on the bottoms of the cords and those cords are then
controllable by the needles I in the jacquard H without requiring to be lowered
for this purpose.

page_text: Fig. illustrates the position of the harness E by which the body of the top
cloth is formed. The top lift A is raised and the Jacquard board B is in position
to take and hold up any knots that may be left in it by the effect of the needles
with the card or design.
Jacquard board C and comber board D are not moved, and in this position the
foundation of the two cloths is formed by two shuttles crossing simultaneously, the
one leaving a weft shot below the warp threads controlled by boards A and B, and
the other leaving a weft shot above the warp threads controlled by the boards C
and D. The heddles J, K, at this time remain unmoved. The portion of the
barness E taken through the Jacquard board C and comber board D is not knotted
above the Jacquard comb C or comber board D. so that in raising or lowering
those two lifts C, D, this portion of the harness is not affected in any way; but
below the needles immediately above the neck board L there is placed the comb or
lifting board B, the holes in which are placed the reverse way from those in the
Jacquard comb C and this portion of the harness is knotted above the comb B.
This comb B being raised up when the top lift A is up it gets its selection of the
harness from the ordinary needles in the jacquard H, as the top lift A raises all
the knots on this portion E of the barness close enough to the needles I to be
affected by them. When this comb B gets its selection the top lift A lowers the
remainder of this harness E down to the bottom of the bottom cloth and at the
same time the usual Jacquard comb C raises the portion of the harness E it has
selected to the top of the top cloth thus forming the full design.
Figure 2 shows the top board A lowered and board B in position as in Fig. 1
but with cords retained in it, as arranged in the design, the board C being at this
time raised and by it the cord as selected by the card or design. The comber
board D is unmoved, and the shuttles cross again. In this position the pile raised
by the board C is bound into the top cloth and the pile warp lowered by the top
lift A is bound into the bottom cloth, by the shots of weft taken across by the
shuttles. The heddle J is lowered and K is raised. As may be arranged in the
design the top lift may lower all the design and as the warps are bound in with a
weft shot into the cloth on the side opposite that from which they started, on their
recovering their original positions the pile on the cloth is formed.
Figure 3 shows the top lift A half raised, the Jacquard board B lowered, the
Jacquard board C lowered, and the comber board D raised, in which position the
shuttles cross, one shuttle putting a shot of weft on top of the pile forming threads
of top cloth, and the other putting a shot of weft on the bottom of the pile forming
threads of the bottom cloth. The heddles J, K, are not moved. The cloths are
severed by a suitable knife. The depth of pile is formed by the distance of the
two fine chains M, N, in each cloth and is regulated by two plates O, P, one placed
below the bottom cloth and one above the top cloth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
The arrangement of the Jacquard machine lifting and lowering boards and
harness for working figured double pile fabrics, substantially as herein described.
Dated this 23rd day of January 1895.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.