IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARN, AND IN MANUFACTURING CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, J, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send gretting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of September, in the fourteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her, heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exors, admors, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my exors,
adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies and Planta-
tions abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARN, AND IN MANUFACTURING
CERTAIN WOVEN FABRICS," being a communication from a foreigner residing
abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months

page_text: next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say) :-
The first part of this Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, consists in weaving two and three ply ingrain carpets by the
combination of parti-coloured warp and weft, arranged so as to cause the
warp and weft to unite in forming the same color in the figure as produced
by the jacquard or any other mechanical means, by which any variety of colors
or shades on one or more plies that may be desired may be produced in
the same range, in the direction both of the warp and weft, the figure being
formed by throwing down the weft, which obviates any difficulties arising from
imperfections in the parti-coloring of the yarn. The mode of procedure which
I have practised is as follows (viz.): For a two-ply, I parti-color the warps
according to the figure to be produced and the variety of its colors. If, for
instance, I want to make in the same range red, green, and blue, the warps
are parti-colored, a portion red of the required length, so that when woven in
the red will appear on the surface; then a portion green of the required length,
and then a portion blue of the required length. Each warp thread must be
parti-colored according to its position in the breadth of the fabric, and if it'be
desired also to vary the colors of the fabric in the direction of the breadth, it
will be obvious this may be done in like manner, as the form of the figure and
the variety of its colors in connection with the length taken up by the weaving
in will determine the length and variety of colors to be given to each warp
thread. But this alone would not suffice, for the weft would still present
a striped appearance on the fabric, and to avoid this I also parti-color the weft
to correspond with its position in the fabric, making the requisite allowance for
the slight amount of length which will be taken up by the weaving in or
interlacing of the warps, so that with this allowance the position of each weft
in the figures will determine the variety of colors, and the length of each which'
is to be given to the weft threads in parti-coloring them.
In this way one surface of the two-ply will present the full and well-defined
figure of any variety of colors or shades desired, but the other or under face will

page_text: not be so perfect, as by the working of the jacquard the various colors will
be carried through to the under ply. Still greater variety may be given to the
figure by parti-coloring the ground warp and weft.
In the weaving of three-ply carpets, the warp and weft are to be prepared
and treated in the same manner as for the two-ply, but having one more ply a
greater variety can be obtained by parti-coloring the yarns for two or all of
the plies, if desired.
The figure is not produced by parti-coloring the yarn, but by the jacquard;
and the yarn is parti-colored, simply, to prevent the blending of colors which
are not desired, and which really do not belong to the design, so that in a given
length there may be any desired variety of colors, whereas in the usual mode
of weaving such fabrics the figures in the same range can only be of one
color..
I am aware that fabrics have been woven with parti-colored warp and some-:
times with parti-colored weft, but I am not aware that two or three ply ingrain
carpets or any other fabrics have ever been woven with parti-colored warp and
weft combined, for the purpose of causing the same color in both to unite in
forming the same color in the fabric. What I claim, therefore, as this Invention,
and desire to secure by Letters Patent, in the weaving of two or three ply.
ingrain carpets, is the employment of parti-colored warp and weft operated by
the jacquard or other mechanical means to form the figure, when the same.
colors in the warp and in the weft are caused to combine together to form the
same colored figure in the fabric, substantially as described.
The second part of the Invention refers to the operation of dyeing yarn.
It is well known that yarns have heretofore been parti-colored by printing,
and by dipping skeins into a vat of dye liquor, with the parts which were not
to be dyed tied up or wrapped around to prevent the access of the dye liquor;.
but as heretofore practised these methods have been attended with serious.
practical difficulties, the former plan not admitting of giving permanent colors,
besides requiring complex machinery, the working which demands much skill
and attention; and the latter having been unsuccessful for the reason that the
means employed for preventing the access of the dye liquor to the parts not to.
be dyed would not effectually exclude the coloring matter.
In the method which forms the second head of this Invention, the yarns to
be parti-colored.are rolled around two rollers or reels, either fluted or made of
wire, and placed one at each end of a frame, the journals of either one or both
of the said reels working in slides connected with the frame. One or any
number of these reel frames are then suspended to a vertically sliding frame;

page_text: operated by appropriate machinery, by means of which the reels, with the
yarns on them, can be let down into a vat containing the dyeing or coloring
liquor the depth of immersion being indicated by a scale, either marked on
or suspended to the frame of the reels. After the required immersion, the
reel frames are removed and either reversed to immerse the other end, or the
reels are turned to bring another part of. the yarns in the proper position,
depending on the pattern to be produced, and then again dipped in the same
or another color. After the yarn has been immersed, the immersed reel is
drawn up by the slide, that the cords or flutes of the reel may not be in contact
with the yarn, which contact would have the effect of preventing the free
access of the dye liquor to the entire surface of the yarn, and thus leave an
imperfect color.
In the accompanying Drawings forming part of this my Specification, Fig. 1
shews a longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus employed for the parti-
color dyeing of yarn; Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of the same, taken in the
line X
× of Fig. 1; Fig. 2 is a cross section of the apparatus; Fig. 4
is an end view of the reel frame, and Fig. 5 is a scale. a represents a vat to
contain the dyeing liquor; b, b, b, b, are four vertical posts, one at each corner,
grooved out vertically as at c to receive four sliding racks d, d, d, d; gearing
into these racks are four pinions e, e, e, e, two on each of two horizontal
shafts f. f, one at each end of the vat; and these two shafts. are connected
together to move in unison by two bevilled cog wheels g, g, on their ends, which
engage two similar wheels h, h, on a horizontal shaft i, which shaft is pro-
vided at one end with a crank handle j, by which the sliding racks can be
elevated or depressed, and with a ratchet wheel k and catch for holding
them in any position desired. The four sliding racks carry a horizontal
frame m, in which may be suspended any desired number of reel frames,
similar to the one n shewn in the Drawings. This reel frame is composed
of two side pieces 0, 0, connected by cross bars p, p, which project sufficiently
beyond the side pieces to rest on the frame m. The ends of the side pieces
are slotted, as at q, to receive and admit of the sliding in and out of the
journals of two reels 7, 7, which reels are either fluted rollers or made with
wire rods attached to two heads on a shaft. The journals of these reels
are fitted to turn in plates or slides s, s, at the sides of the reel frame,
and are provided with catch teeth, so that they can be held in any desired
position by catching on to pins in the sides of the reel frame.
The yarn
to be parti-colored is wound by any means desired around the two reels,
as represented at t (Figs. 1 and 3), and then the recl frame is suspended in the

page_text: horizontal frame m, as shewn in those Figures. As many of such reel frames
as the frame. m will carry can be in like manner suspended. A scale (Fig. 5)
is then suspended to one of the reel frames, and by turning the crank handle
the whole is let down into the dye liquor to the depth desired, as indicated by
the scale, depending on the figure to be produced in the weaving of the fabric.
The lower reel is then drawn up by means of the sliding plates s, s, so as to give
the liquor free access to the whole surface of the immersed yarn. After the
proper period of immersion the whole is drawn out of the liquor, the lower reel
is pushed down again to tighten the yarns, and then the reel frames are removed
to rinse out the surplus coloring matter. If the figure to be produced and the
distance of the two reels apart admit of it, the reel frames may be inverted and
dipped into the liquor in like manner (or the yarn may be dipped into any
other color), but otherwise the reels are to be turned to bring other parts of the
yarn in a proper position to be immersed in the same or another color. In
this way yarns can be parti-colored in any manner desired, either for the warp
or weft, for the weaving of figured fabrics.
It will be obvious from the foregoing, that although but one particular con-
struction of apparatus for bringing round the yarn and retaining it in a proper
position to be submitted to the action of the dye liquor is shewn, yet the appa-
ratus may be varied greatly within the range of the principle of this Invention.
I do not therefore intend to confine myself to the special mode of construction
or arrangement herein specified, but retain to myself the privilege of varying
the apparatus at pleasure, so long as I attain the same end by equivalent
means.
What I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent in this the
second part of the Invention is the method, substantially as herein described,
of parti-coloring or dyeing yarn by the use of reels (or other analogous parts
to admit of
for holding the yarn) arranged in frames so constructed as
immersing in dye liquor such portions of the hanks of yarn as aredesired
to be dyed, substantially as described. And I also claim connecting one or
both of thereels in each frame by means of slides, to admit of removing the
lower reel from contact with that part of the yarn which is immersed in the
dye liquor.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
(L.S.) A. V. NEWTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of March, in
the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Alfred Vincent Newton came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.