A NEW OIL OR GAS STOVE
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Harvey Saunders, of 27, Coombe Road,
Sydenham, in the County of Kent, for the Invention of "A NEW OIL OR
GAS STOVE."
Sealed the 26th November 1867, and dated the 5th June 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Harvey Saunders
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th June 1867.
I, THOMAS HARVEY SAUNDERS, of 27, Coombe Road, Sydenham, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OIL OR GAS STOVE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure a more healthful, economical, and
effective method of warming apartments or buildings, and also to enable
persons living in remote districts where there is no supply of gas to supply
its place for heating purposes by paraffin or other oils. It consists in having
two hollow cylinders or cases one within the other and a flue pipe or chimney
passing up the centre of the interior. The inner case and central flue to be
of such material as possesses the minimum of radiating power, the outer case
to be of good radiating material. Taking, for example, a small size stove
adapted for bedrooms, the arrangements are as follows:-The inner case may

page_text: be of tin plate 23 inches high and 8½ inches diameter; the outer one of sheet
or cast iron 24 inches high and 10 inches diameter, thus leaving a space
between them when fixed of nearly 1 inch at top and inch at sides. There
is an opening or doorway near the bottom passing through both cases, they
being connected round the margin of such opening; there is an opening about
2 inches diameter in the centre of the top of inner case where the central
flue terminates; there is also an opening about 5 inches diameter on the
top of outer case to which a lid is made to fit air-tight; there is also an opening
of about the same size as the central flue in the outer case only at or near
the bottom on the opposite side to the doorway, to this there is a tube
attached for carrying off the products of combustion through any convenient
outlet either above or below the floor. The space between the cases is air-
tight with the exception of the inlet by central flue and the outlet at bottom.
The central flue is made in two parts one sliding within the other, the bottom of
the lower part being bell or inverted funnel shape so that if the fuel used be
paraffin oil an ordinary paraffin lamp may be used which is placed on the
bottom of the interior of the stove through the doorway, the lower part of
the central flue is then drawn down over the chimney glass by which means
the height of the chimney is increased to that of the inner case and as this
colump of air is very hot and light the outer air pressing on the bottom
forces it upwards, where it spreads over the space at top, and from thence
down the space at the sides to the outlet at bottom; as the bright surface of
the interior radiates but little heat the whole of the heated air is brought
into direct contact with the radiating surface, where it gradually parts
with its heat, arriving at the outlet cold. The stove as thus described is in its
plainest and simplest form. Where it is desirable to have the outlet at or near
the top, there are four perpendicular partitions forming three separate com-
partments in the space between the cylinders, the middle one forms the outlet,
the two side ones inlets, which is done by the following means:-The two
side compartments have openings through the outer case near the top, and
through the inner case near the bottom, they being air-tight elsewhere, the
centre compartment has an opening for outlet near the top, it is also open
to the main space between the cases at the bottom, there being a space left
under each of the side compartments. With this arrangement it is necessary
that the door should fit air-tight, that being the case the air enters through
the side compartments to support combustion, then passing up the central
flue to the space at top, from thence down the main spaces at the sides and
again up the central compartment to the outlet. Although the stove as
described is of metal they may also be made of earthenware or any other

page_text: substance that will bear the heat, and although described as cylinders they.
may be square, half round, or any other form that may be desired.
This Invention, though specially designed for the combustion of oil or gas,
may also be used on a larger scale for other fuel. It is submitted that the
application of this system must be highly beneficial to health, for whereas ordinary
gas stoves discharge the products of combustion into the apartment, thereby
poisoning the air and engendering disease, this not only converts the whole of
the heat produced into healthy radiant heat, but it also ventilates the apartment,
there being a rapid current of air continually passing out through the stove,
necessarily causing an inflow of fresh air to supply its place, for this reason
it is well adapted for warming bedrooms in severe weather especially sick
rooms, also for nurseries, halls, and staircases, also for churches, schools,
picture galleries, offices, conservatories, greenhouses, vineries, or public
or private buildings of every description. It may be used for cooking
purposes by removing the lid at the top, as the whole of the heat produced is
brought up to the point just below the lid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Harvey Saunders in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th December 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
HARVEY SAUNDERS, of 27, Coombe Road, Sydenham, in the County of Kent,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Harvey Saunders, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Harvey
Saunders, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Thomas Harvey Saunders, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might,
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A
NEW OIL OR GAS STOVE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas Harvey Saunders, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-

page_text: ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Harvey Saunders, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention consists in having two cylinders or cases see Drawings
E and D, Fig. 1, one within the other with a space between them, F, Fig.1, also
a flue pipe or chimney C in or about the centre of the cylinders and terminating
in an opening at top of inner cylinder, the outer cylinder E has an opening
directly over to which a lid is fitted H. The outer cylinder has also an
opening for outlet at bottom to which may be attached a pipe G for draining
off the products of combustion into the outer atmosphere; there is an opening
or doorway A through both cylinders near the bottom, they being connected
and made air-tight at the margin of such opening. The point of combustion
whether it be of oil, or gas, or other fuel is at or near the bottom of the stove
and directly under the central flue where the heated products pass up and
spread over the space between the cylinders at top, and from thence down
the vertical space, gradually parting with its heat until it arrives at the outlet
cold or nearly so; there is also an opening or small tap for occasionally drawing
off the water of combustion. Where it is desirable to bave the outlet at top
there are four vertical partitions forming three separate compartments K, K, K,
Fig. 6 in the space between the cylinders, the middle one forming the outlet,
the two sides inlets, which is done by the following means:-The two side
compartments have openings or perforations near the top L, Fig. 1 in the
outer cylinder and near the bottom in the inner cylinder L. Thus the air
to support combustion enters through the perforations in the outer cylinder,
passing down the side compartments, entering the interior of the stove through
the perforations in the inner cylinder, the products of combustion instead of
passing out at bottom as before described passes up the central compartment
to outlet at top. The object of these arrangements are to retain as much as
possible of the heat from the products of combustion, discharging them cold or
nearly so; these stoves may be made of any materiel, such as wrought or
cast iron, terra cotta, &c., and in any design, and although described as
cylinders may be square or any other required shape; when made on a large
scale for cooking purposes they may be oblong, and instead of having one
central flue there may be two or more, there may also be two or more door-

page_text: ways. The principle being the same in all instances, that is, that the products
pass up an interior flue, spread over, and pass down the spaces between the
cylinders or cases; where the outlet is at top the stove door should fit so as
to be as nearly air-tight as possible, when the outlet is at bottom there may
be perforations through the bottom of the stove to admit the air for the
support of combustion. When these stoves are used for heating purposes
only it is preferable that the interior cylinder or case have a bright surface, as
in the case of tin plate, and that the outer cylinder or case have a dull surface,
the object being to reflect the heat on to the outer case, and from thence be
readily radiated; but when used for cooking purposes these conditions may be
reversed, that is, the outer case may be of a bright surface to prevent the
radiation and loss of heat, this will be especially desirable where ovens or
boilers are introduced.
A reference to the Drawings will amply illustrate the foregoing description.
Fig. 1 is a sectional view. A, the doorway; B, the flame from oil or gas; C,
the central flue; D, D, the inner cylinder; E, E, the outer cylinder;
F, F, F, F, the space between the cylinders; G, the outlet at bottom; H, the
lid to outer cylinder. Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the stove. Fig. 3 is a
plan of section at J, J. F is the space between the cylinders; B, B, the
interior space of the stove; C, the central flue. Fig. 4 is a plan shewing
inlets for air at bottom when the stove door is shut. Fig. 5 is a plan of top
shewing the lid. Fig. 6 is a plan shewing the arrangement for outlet at
top instead of bottom.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Harvey Saunders, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
THOMAS HARVEY SAUNDERS. (L.S.)