IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BALANCING AND FASTENING SLIDING WINDOW SASHES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We, FRANCIS JOSEPH MADAM; Chairman of the Patent Window Fittings Co
(Limited) 8 Rumford Place, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Accountant,
and HUGH JONES, Manager of the Patent Window Fittings Co (Limited)
8 Rumford Place, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
BALANCING AND FASTENING SLIDING WINDOW SASHES to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements, hereinafter more particularly
mentioned, in that class of apparatus for balancing and fastening sliding window
sashes, in which the balancing is effected by means of weights applied by racks and
pinion, and has for its object such a construction of racks and pinions that they
will work without noise, or rattle and the fastening of the window in any position
is effected in such a manner that the window sashes are bound firmly together, thus
preventing noise from rattling by wind, and making the window sashes dust
tight.
In applying weighted racks and pinions to the balancing of window sashes such
racks and pinions have heretofore been constructed with hard metal teeth, the
hard metal teeth of the pinion working on the hard metal teeth of the rack and the
fastening of the racks and pinions in any position has heretofore been effected by
inserting a koy, or like device in the cogs of the pinion, or rack.
This present Invention consists in forming the teeth of the racks, or the teeth of
the pinions, of a material that will not emit sound, or noise in working, namely
the teeth of the racks, or the teeth of the pinions are composed of hard wood, or
of vulcanite, or of a soft metal such as a mixture of lead, tin, antimony and
spelter.
In construction the racks are formed of a metal bar having a longitudinal channel
on the face thereof. The sides of the channel are provided with holes and through
these holes and across the channels there are placed wooden, or vulcanite, or soft
metal pins or dowels, the ends of which project beyond the sides of the bar so as to
form a guide which works in corresponding grooves in the window frame, or the
racks on the window sash may be formed by forming a channel in the sides of the
window sash and inserting pins of the before mentioned materials.

page_text: The pinions are made of two metal discs separated by a centre boss the discs
being provided with holes, through which there are placed wooden pins, or dowels
which form the teeth of the pinions.
Instead of using wood for the teeth of the racks, or the pinions, they may be
made of vulcanite, or of the soft metal before spoken of, or the racks may be made
wholly of soft metal and the pinions may be made of hard metal, or of soft metal,
or with wood, or vulcanite, or soft metal teeth, the racks and pinions being 80
combined that in no instance is hard metal brought to bear on hard metal.
To effect the fastening of the sashes in any position, the pinions are arranged to
run loosely on their carrying spindles and have their edges and centre coned and
the ends of such spindle where it takes into its carrying plates are provided with
a right and left handed screw, so that upon turning the spindle by a key, or handle
the carrying plates are forced onto the pinions, so as to cramp them and prevent the
pinions from turning and so bring the window sashes together that they bind
against the separating bar of the window frame, which divides the sashes.
Instead of the pinions running on their spindle they may be arranged with coned
centres and run on bearing cones which cones form the spindle bearers and which
are operated by the screwed part of the spindle, so that upon turning the spindle
the coues are driven into the coned centres of the pinions, so as to cramp them.
In lieu of using the cones for cramping the pinions together, the pinions may be
cramped together by washers, worked by the screwed part of the spindle so as to
bind the pinions and to bring the pinions up against the window sashes and the
window sashes against the separating bar.

page_text: CUT LELE
OFECIFICATION.
We FRANCIS JOSEPH M°ADAM, Chairman of The Patent Window Fittings Co
(Limited) 8ª Rumford Place, Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Accountant and
HUGH JONES Manager of The Patent Window Fittings Co (Limited) 8* Rumford
Place, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BALANCING
AND FASTENING SLIDING WINDOW SASHES and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This Invention relates to certain improvements hereinafter more particularly men-
tioned in that class of apparatus for balancing and fastening sliding window sashes,
in which the balancing is effected by means of weights applied by racks and pinions
and has for its object such a construction of racks and pinions that they will work
without noise, or rattle and the fastening of the window in any position is effected
in such a manner that the window sashes are bound firmly together, thus preventing
noise from rattling by wind and making the window sashes dust tight.
In applying weighted racks and pinions to the balancing of window sashes such
racks and pinions have heretofore been constructed with hard metal teeth, the hard
metal teeth of the pinion working on the hard metal teeth of the rack and the
fastening of the racks and pinions in any position has heretofore been effected by
inserting a key, or like device in the cogs of the pinion, or rack.
This present Invention consists in forming the teeth of the racks, or the teeth of
the pinions of a material that will not emit sound, or noise in working, namely the
teeth of the racks, or the teeth of the pinions are composed of hard wood, or of
vulcanite or of a soft metal such as a mixture of lead, tin, antimony and spelter.
In construction the racks are formed of a metal bar having a longitudinal channel
on the face thereof. The sides of the channel are provided with holes and through
these holes and across the channels there are placed wooden pins, or vulcanite, or
soft metal dowels, the ends of which project beyond the sides of the bar so as to
form a guide which works in corresponding grooves in the window frame, or the
racks on the window sash may be formed by forming a channel in the sides of the
window sash and inserting pins of the before mentioned materials.
The pinions are made of two metal discs separated by a centre boss, the discs
being provided with holes, through which there are placed wooden pins, or dowels
which form the teeth of the pinions.
Instead of using wood for the teeth of the racks, or the pinions, they may be
made of vulcanite, or of the soft metal before spoken of, or the racks may be made
wholly of soft metal and the pinions may be made of hard metal, or of soft metal,
or with wood, or vulcanite, or soft metal teeth, the racks and pinions being so
combined that in no instance is hard metal brought to bear on hard metal.
To effect the fastening of the sashes in any position, the pinions are arranged to
run loosely on their carrying spindles and have their edges and centre coned and
the ends of such spindle where it takes into its carrying plates are provided with a

page_text: right and left handed screw, so that upon turning the spindle by a key, or handle,
the carrying plates are forced onto the pinions, so as to cramp them and prevent the
pinions from turning and so bring the window sashes together, that they bind
against the separating bar of the window frame which divides the sashes.
Instead of the pinions running on their spindle they may be arranged with coned
centres and run on bearing cones, which cones form the spindle bearers and which
are operated by the screwed part of the spindle, so that upon turning the spindle
the cones are driven into the coned centres of the pinions, so as to cramp them.
In lieu of using the cones for cramping the pinions together, the pinions may be
cramped together by washers worked by the screwed part of the spindle so as to
bind the pinions and to bring the pinions up against the window sashes and the
window sashes against the separating bar.
The beforegoing being the nature of our Invention and the objects and purposes
thereof, we will now proceed to describe more in detail how the same may be
carried out into practical effect reference being had to the accompanying sheet of
Drawings making a part of this Specification and to the letters and figures of
reference marked thereon, like letters and figures being used to denote the same, or
corresponding parts throughout the various views and figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan shown partly in section showing the improvements according
to our Invention applied to a window sash.
:
Figure 2 is an elevation shown in section through the line X X Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a front view of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the stile board arranged for the fitting in of
the racks and pinions.
Figure 8 is a plan illustrative of a modification of Figure 1.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation of a modification of the pinions and locking
gear shown at Figure 1.
Figure 10 is an end view of the carrying plates shown at Figure 9.
Figure 11 is an end view of the pinion shown at Figure 9.
Figure 12 is a modification of Figure 9.
Figure 13 is an end view of the carrying plate shown at Figure 12.
Figure 14 is an end view of the pinion shown at Figure 12.
As before set forth this Invention relates to that class of sliding window sashes
which are balanced by weighted racks and pinions, and provides for the noiseless
working of the racks and pinions and means of securing sashes in any open, or
in a closed position; means for guiding the sash weights and keeping them up to
the pinions and means for mounting and gaining access to the weights and
pinions.
REFERENCE TO THE DRAWINGS.
A are the sashes of the window. C is the stile board of the window. D is the
separating bar of the window sashes A. E is the window sash frame. F are the
weights. His a spindle which carries the pinions J.
The racks in the window sashes are formed as follows: a longitudinal groove L
is cut in the edge of the sash, and wooden pins, or vulcanite, or soft metal pins K
are driven into the window sash and through the groove L, and so form the
rack. The racks and weights are made as follows: the weight F consists of a
metal bar formed with a longitudinal groove M and wooden, or vulcanite, or soft
metal pins N are driven through the weight F and through the groove M. and so
form the rack. The pins N are made to project at each side of the weight F so as
to bear against the bars P and form a guide of the weight F which works in the
grooves formed between the bars P. The pinions J genr into the teeth K and N
of the window sash A and weight F' respectively. The pinions J as shown in
Figures 1. 2 and 3 run loose on the spinille H and outside each of the pinions J.
•

page_text: TE VIRwww
there are provided rectangular nuts, or washers Q, which work on right and left
hand screw threads R cut on the spindle H. The nuts Q bear and work in a
rectangular seat q (see Figure 4) cut out of the top of the lower portion of the
stile board C. The spindle H is borne at its centre portion, namely between the
pinions J, also by the stile board Cat h, which is cut away at the back, but carried
up in frout at hi to meet the upper portion of the stile board C (see Figure 4). On
the spindle H and outside of the nuts Q are the washers S fixed on the spindle H.
The inside end of the spindle H is square at H¹ to receive a key T which is
used for fastening and unfastening the sashes.
To fasten the sashes the key T is placed on the square portion H' of the
spindle H and the spindle H is turned, by the key T so as to bring the nuts Q
towards each other, and so force the pinions J against the sides of the racks of
the sashes and weights thereby causing the sashes A to bind on the separating
bar D and the weights F to bind on the centre bar P. To free the sashes the
spindle H is turned back until the sashes and weights become released, when the
sashes can be opened to their full extent.
To enable the weights F pinions J and the spindle H to be placed in position
and to be accessible for repairs, or other purposes without removing the sashes and
disturbing the window frame we divide the stile board C at C¹ so that when both
sashes are on the bottom of the window frame, the upper portion of the stilo
board C with the upper portion of the separating bar D can be removed without
disturbing the lower portion. To secure the upper portion in position, we use
bolts U one of which is placed as shown in the Drawing and others being inter-
spaced above according to the size of the window. By withdrawing the bolts U
the upper portion of the stile board C can be removed and access can be had to the
weights and mechanism.
In Figure 8 there is shown a modified arrangement of the pinions J and
fastening device. In this case the pinions J are formed with hollow coned centres
and run loosely on the nuts Q which are coned to correspond with the coned
centres of the pinions J, the nuts are provided with projections to prevent them
turning and work on the screwed parts of the spindle H in manner similar and
with the same effect as described in reference to the device shown at Figure 1.
In Figures 9 to 12 inclusive another arrangement of the pinions J is illustrated.
In this case the pinions J are coned and run loosely on the spindle H and the edges
of the nuts, or carrying plates Q are cuned to correspond so that upon turning the
spindle H by the key T the nuts Q are forced onto the pinions J and so cramp
them and fasten the window in manner similar to that described in reference to
Figure 1.
As previously stated one of the principal objects of this Invention is to obtain
such a construction of racks and pinions that they will work without noise. To
this end we have described and shown in Figures 1. 2 and 3 such a construction
of racks and pinions that will effect the desired object, but we would have it
understood that it is equally within our Invention to use ordinary metal racks
but in this case we combine with such racks, pinions constructed in the manner
shown at Figures 9 and 11, namely the pinions J are made of two metal discs
separated by a centre boss, the discs being provided with holes through which there
are placed wooden pins, or dowels i which form the teeth of the pinions.
The advantages attendant upon constructing window sashes balanced by weighted
racks and pinions provided with these improvements are That the teeth of the
racks, or the pinions, being constructed of wood, vulcanite, or soft metal and in the
inanner described, the action of raising and lowering is noiseless; whereas racks
and pinions as previously used were provided with hard metal teeth and their
operation created objectionable noise. The construction of weight rack also pro-
vides a guide for the weight and a means of keeping the weight up to the pinion.
The improved means for securing the sashes in any open, or in a closed position
provides a simple and effective method of fastening the sashes and preventing the

page_text: rattling of the sashes caused by wind, or other causes. By dividing and con-
structing the stile boards as herein described the weights and pinions and fastening
mechanisms can be readily placed in position, or renewed whilst the window sashes
are in their places.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
First In windows in which racks and pinions and rack weights are employed,
the use of wooden, vulcanite, or soft metal teeth either for the sash racks, weight
racks, or pinions whereby in the action of raising, or lowering the window sashes,
noise is substantially obviated, ns sot forth.
Second A window sash having a rack on its edge formed by a groove (L) and
wooden teeth K in combination with a metal pinion J and a weighted rack F
provided with a groove (M) and wooden teeth N which project and form a guide
with the bars P for the weight substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Third The combination of the spindle H having a right and left hand screw R
and nuts whereby through the pinions J the sashes A and also weights F are
caused to bind against the separating bar D and centre guide P substantially as set
forth and as shown in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fourth Constructing racks in window sashes by means of grooves (such as L)
and teeth (such as K) inserted as herein described substantially as set forth and
shown in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Fifth The construction of pinion and gripping device, as set forth with reference
to Figures 9. 10 and 11 of the Drawings for the purposes specified.
Sixth The construction of pinion and gripping device as set forth with reference
to Figures 12. 13 and 14 of the Drawings for the purposes specified.
Seventh The construction of pinion and gripping device as set forth with
reference to Figure 8 of the Drawings for the purposes set forth.
Eighth The combination with the weight F, pinions J and sash securing
mechanism, of a divided stile board C constructed as herein set forth, whereby
access can be had to the weights, pinions and sash securing mechanism whilst the
sashes are in position as and for the purposes specified.