Improvements in Warming, Ventilating, and Lighting Apartments.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 25th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 19th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Warming, Ventilating, and Lighting Apartments.
CHARLES JAMES HENDERSON, Number Twenty three Ashley Gardens, Victoria
Street, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The nature of the invention is not to warm air in the apartment, but a process
by which heat or hot air can be produced, and admitted to a house or apartment to
warm it (preferably from a stove room where the air can be purified) and at the
same time separate and drive out the air that is being vitiated by the occupiers.
The heat can come from any ordinary stove free from smoke, standing in a stove
room or in the apartment enclosed, so as to prevent radiation, the heat or hot air
entering about six or eight feet from the floor, that from the stove room by an
opening in the mutual wall of about two or three square feet at its roof. The hot
fresh air in a column goes to the roof where it spreads along horizontally, gradually
descending. Ventilation will be by tubes open to outside the roof or vent and
about eight feet from the floor, by which the vitiated air is driven off (one enough
for ordinary sized rooms) the tubes being about three inches diameter can contain
gas pipes to give light with a reflector, or the tubes may be in or on the
walls.
The result to those in the room or rooms is a temperature of 70° more or
less; but all precisely alike, and entirely free from vitiated air. A fan in the
stove room, to hasten the process in large buildings, would be most advantageous.
By the invention a complete circulation is established between the ingoing fresh
air and the outgoing current in the tube or tubes, embracing in it the body of
highly heated air occupying the whole space above the eight feet at the floor, the
difference in temperature aiding in a remarkable way in expelling the heavier
vitiated air below.
Dated this Thirty-first day of August Eighteen hundred and ninety-one.
CHARLES J. HENDERSON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Warming, Ventilating, and Lighting Apartments.
CHARLES JAMES HENDERSON Gentleman, residing at 23 Ashley Gardens,
London do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
-
The nature of the invention is not to warm the air in the apartment, but a process
by which, heat or fresh hot air can be produced, and admitted to a house or
apartment to warm it, preferably from a stove room, where air can be purified, and
at same time, separate and drive out the air that is being vitiated by the
occupiers.
The heat can come from any ordinary stove free from smoke, standing in a stove
room, or in the apartment, enclosed, so as to prevent radiation, the heat or hot air
entering about 6 or 8 feet from the floor; that from the stove room, by an opening
in the mutual wall, of about 2 or 3 square feet at its roof. The hot fresh air in a
columu goes to the roof, where it spreads along horizontally, gradually descending;
ventilation to be by tubes; open to outside the roof or vent, and about 8 feet from
the floor, by which the vitiated air is driven off; one enough for ordinary sized

page_text: rooms, the tubes being about 3 inches diameter, can contain gas pipes, to give light,
with a reflector, or the tubes may be in the walls or ordinary smoke vents. By the
invention a complete circulation is established between the ingoing fresh hot air,
and the outgoing current in the tube or tubes, embracing in it the body of highly
heated air, occupying the whole space above the 8 feet at the floor, the difference
in temperature aiding in a remarkable way, in expelling the heavier vitiated air
below, as shown in the accompanying drawing.
The same system can be applied to different kinds of apartments-for instance
railway carriages-heat at the roof, from the lamp-ventilation by means of the
slit in the door windows, and the ventilation being near the floor, instead of above,
as at present.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The air supplied to the stove is fresh from outside.
2nd. The 6 or 8 feet of air is warmed by heat from the roof.
3rd. The expanding of the hot air, at the roof becomes a power, in driving
the air up the tube or tubes, and it is it, that contains the vitiation by the
congregation below.
4th. The continuous supply of fresh warm air, prevents re-breathing of air which
has been vitiated, especially so in fever hospitals.
5th. The uniformity of temperature to a congregation at the same distance from
the roof, no matter how large the apartment may be.
Dated this 23rd day of November 1891.
CHARLES J. HENDERSON.