IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTI-FRICTIONAL BEARINGS OR BUSHINGS FOR PULLEYS, SHAFTS, OR AXLES, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, &
Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTI-FRICTIONAL BEARINGS OR BUSHINGS FOR PULLEYS,
SHAFTS, OR AXLES, AND THE LIKE." A communication from abroad by
Herbert Loud, of Everett, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTI-FRICTIONAL BEARINGS
'OR BUSHINGS FOR PULLEYS, SILAFTS, OR AXLES, AND THE LIKE." [A communication
from abroad by Herbert Loud, of Everett, Massachusetts, United States of
America.]
This Invention relates to an anti frictional bearing or bushing for pulley-sheaves,
shafts, axles, and the like, and comprises a series of rollers, a plate of annular shape,
and a box or case.
The rollers intermediate of their length and the annular plate are constructed to
be interlocked with each other, that is to say, the rollers may be locked with the
plate, or vice versa, and the rollers turn within and upon the said plate, and the
box or case on its interior is constructed to receive both the annular plate and the
roller which it carries, and to hold them both against escape at either end thereof,
and these parts are relatively so constructed and arranged as to secure a series of
rollers about and around a common central axial line, each of which rollers is
capable of revolving, and all of which are adapted to form by their several
peripheries a bearing for a shaft or axle within the common central opening
surrounded and bounded by the several rollers.
The said Invention also comprises the peculiar construction of the said box or
casing and of the rollers, all substantially as hereinafter fully described.
The said box is made of iron galvanized or otherwise prepared against corrosion,
and exteriorly it is adapted to be properly fitted and fastened to the article which
is to be bushed, as, for instance, within the central opening of a wooden sheave to a
pulley block, or of a hub to a carriage or truck wheel, or the like, and interiorly it
is lined with brass rings.

page_text: The brass rings are fastened to the box by rivets or screws, or otherwise, and
they are of such a width as to leave within the box between their inner ends an
annular groove.
A flat ring is placed in this groove and projects in a radial line
therefrom toward the centre of the opening of the lining rings.
The said flat ring carries the rollers. Each roller is made of brass, and preferably
in two parts joined by a steel pintle, which passes axially through them and
through a radial longitudinal hole in the said flat ring. The pintle is fast in each
part of the roller and loose within its hole of the flat ring.
The said parts of each roller are obviously the one upon one side and the other
upon the other side of their carrying plate or ring, and the pintle which connects
them is first driven into the one part and rivetted and then into the other and
similarly rivetted; in order to secure the proper space between their ends toward
each other, and prevent any binding by such ends on the flat faces of their carrying
plate, the pintle has shoulders formed by making its, diameter at its central portion
larger than its ends. Having fastened one part of the ring lining in place in the
said box the carrying plate with the rollers is inserted, and then the other part of
the ring lining is inserted and secured, which completes the bushing.
The aforesaid annular plate is capable of freely turning in the groove of the box
or casing. The said casing may be made in parts bolted together, and may be
provided with one or more grooves for one or more annular plates. The rollers roll
upon and against the inner periphery of the rings of the box or casing.
The holes in the carrying plate for the roller-pintles may be elongated or round.
The annular plate may have instead of holes a series of radial notches or recesses
at its outer edge, and it may be in the form of a flat ring made in two parts to
enable it to be inserted in the aunular grooves or spaces in the rollers. Each roller
may be formed of one piece, the groove, channel, or recess being properly turned, or
the said rollers can be cast.
In a modification of the said Invention the rings are countersunk to form a
rabbet or shoulder and have their outer edges bevelled or chamfered.
The rollers are first inserted in the holes or notches of the annular plate, each
hole or notch being provided with a roller.
The rings are then slipped on over the ends of the rollers, the rabbets or counter-
bored ends of the same being brought into contact to form the annular groove,
which should be of a sufficient depth and width to permit the annular plate to
move freely therein.
The rollers, annular plate, and rings thus arranged are then formed into a core,
a print being used in the ordinary manner and placed in a mould, after which the
body is cast around the rings firmly securing all the parts in proper position.
The chamfered or bevelled edges permit the metal in casting to flow slightly
over the outer ends of the said rings and thus keep them more securely fastened.
The said rings can be constructed without the rabbet, in which case they are mado
slightly shorter and annular plates are used, the plates being enlarged in diameter
to bring them flush with the rings, the case being then cast around the rings
substantially as above described, the annular groove is dispensed with, and the
annular plate does not revolve.
When the said rings are left plain or are not provided with the rabbet, and an
annular plate is employed equal in diameter to the rings, I prefer that the annular
plate should consist of two sections having notches into which the metal flows in
casting the casing or box, the ends of the sections being dovetailed together to
prevent their shunting or becoming displaced in moulding or casting the box or
casing.
Another modification in the construction of the annular plate consists in having
a plato of such size that the rollers will project beyond its outer edge, and in
coinbination therewith another ring at the outside of the edge of the said plate,
which additional ring projects into the grooves of the rollers. This additional ring
may be made in one piece with the box or bearing if the latter be made in two
parts, or as a separate and independent ring made solid or in halves.

page_text: It is preferable to make the rollers of brass and the pintles of steel, although
they may be made of other metal.
The groove between the two ends of the box in combination with the plate
having the rollers obviously secures the rollers in their place between the two ends
of the bushing and holds them against movement lengthwise, and when the plate-
ring has notches or recesses at its outer edge the said rollers may be in one piece
grooved around their periphery intermediately of their length instead of in two
parts joined together, and the box or case may be made in sections bolted or
otherwise secured together, and the case together with the brass lining rings may
be adapted for the rings to be screwed in the case.
Instead of having the box or casing made separate from the pulley or sheave to
be attached thereto the same can be in one piece, the proper opening being arranged
for the attachment of the rings thereto, or the pulley or sheave can be cast around
the rings.
The box or casing and the rings may be of any suitablo metal, and when all are
of the same metál one of the rings can be cast or otherwise made in one piece
with the box or case, the other being rivetted or secured, as described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Willian Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th
August 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANTIFRICTIONAL BEARINGS
OR BUSHINGS FOR PULLEYS, SHAFTS, OR AXLES, AND THE LIKE.” A communication
from abroad by Horbert Loud, of Everett, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
This Invention relates to an anti-frictional bearing or bushing for pulley-sheaves,
shafts, axles, and the like, and comprises a series of rollers, a plate of annular
shape, and a box or case. The rollers intermediate of their length and the annular
plate are constructed to be interlocked with each other, that is to say, the rollers
may be locked with the plate, or vice verse, and tho rollers turn within and upon
the said plate, and the box or case on its interior is constructed to receive both the
annular plate and the roller which it carries and to hold them both against escape
at either end thereof, and these parts are so constructed and arranged as to secure
a series of rollers about and around a common central axial line, each of which
rollers is capable of revolving, and all of which are adapted to form by their several
peripheries a bearing for a shaft or axle within the common central opening
surrounded and bounded by the several rollers. The said Invention also comprises
the peculiar construction of the said box or casing and of the rollers, all substantially
as hereinafter fully described.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing in which,
Figure 1 is an end view of the box or casing with its friction-rollers, and
Figure 2 is a transverse section of the same on the line x, x, Figure 1.
Figure 3, is a central section on the line y, y, Figure 2, and parallel to the ends
of the bushing box.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13, are views in detail hereinafter referred
to, and
Figure 9 is a similar sectional view to Figuro 2, shewing a modified construction
of the case or box.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawing.
A represents a cylindrical box or casing open at both ends. This box A is mado
of iron galvanized or otherwise prepared to prevent corrosion, and exteriorily it is
adapted to be properly fitted and fastened to the article which is to be bushed, as,
for instance, within the central opening of a wooden sheave to a pulley-block, or of
a hub to a carriage or truck wheel, or the like, and interiorly it is lined with brass
in two separate rings a, a. These brass rings a, a, are fastened to the interior of
the box by rivets or screws b, b, passing from the one into the other or otherwise;
and in the present instance the rings are two in number, and of an equal width,
which is such as to leave within the box A between their inner ends c, c, an
annular groove d, but otherwise to form a complete lining of brass to the interior
of the said box.
B is a flat ring placed in the groove & between the two parts of the lining a, a,
and projecting in a radial line therefrom toward the centre of the opening of the
lining rings. The said flat ring B carries the rollers C, shewn in the present
instance as seven in number. Each roller is made of brass, and in two parts joined
by a steel pintle f, which passes axially through them and through a radial longi-
tudinal hole g in the said flat ring B. The pintle is fast in each part of the roller

page_text: and loose within its hole g in the flat ring B, and the rollers are so situated in
relation to each other and to the centre or axis and inner periphery of the lining
rings, and the diameter of the rollers C is such as to secure an arrangement of said
rollers about and within the lining rings and the bearing, both on the shaft or
axle in connection with which the bushing is to be used, and on the inner periphery
of the lining rings a, a, and without contact between the shaft and the inner
periphery of the ring-carrier B for the rollers C.
The parts of each roller aro obviously situated one upon one side, and the
other upon the other side of their carrying plate or ring B, and the pintle f
which connects them is first driven into the one part and rivetted, and then
into the other and similarly rivetter. In order to secure the proper space h
between their ends toward each other, and prevent any binding by such ends on
the flat faces of their carrying plate, the pintle has shoulders to limit the extent
of movement of the parts of the rollers towards each other on the pintle when
driven and rivetted or otherwise fastened thereto.. These shoulders Ì are formed
by making the diameter of the pintle at its central portion larger than at its ends.
The separate parts above mentioned and their arrangement in relation to each
other as described constitute an anti-frictional bushing of my improved construction,
and in the production thereof the ring-carrier for the rollers is provided with its
rollers as stated, and then one part of the ring lining a, a, having been fastened in
place in the box A the carrying plate with the rollers is inserted, and then the
other part of the ring-lining is inserted and secured, the bushing being thus
completed.
The parts constructed and arranged as above described obviously embrace a
series of rollers, a plate of annular shape, and a box or case, and the rollers between .
their ends are interlocked, and are capable of turning with and upon the annular
plate, which in turn is interlocked with the interior periphery of the box or case,
whereby the rollers are held against escape at either end of the box, and further-
more the rollers are arranged about a common central or axial line, and are each
and all capable of revolving, and provide by their several peripheries a bearing for
the shaft or axle pin of a pulley or the like to turn within or upon (or for the
pulley or the like to turn around or upon) the axle-pin.
The annular plate B is capable of freely turning in the groove of the box or
casing A. The said casing A may be made in parts bolted together, and may be
provided with one or more grooves for one or more annular plates. The rollers
roll upon and against the inner periphery of the rings a, a, of the box or casing A.
The holes g in the carrying plate for the roller-pintles instead of being elongated
may be round, as shewn in Figure 4, but the elongated holes are preferable as they
allow of greater radial movement.
series of radial notches or
or, as shewn in Figure 6, it
bisected to enable it to be
Each roller may be formed
The annular plate may have, instead of holes, a
recesses at its outer edge, as shown in Figure 5, at g¹;
may be in the form of a flat ring made in two parts or
inserted in the annular grooves or spaces in the rollers.
of one piece, as shewn in Figure 11, the groove, channel, or recess h being properly
turned; or the said rollers can be cast.
In Figure 9 is shewn a modification of the manner of securing the rings with
their roller carrying plate and rollers to the box or casing. In this Figure
A represents the case; a, a, the rings; C, the rollers; and B, the annular ring or
carrying plate. The rings a', a¹, are countersunk to form the rabbet or shoulder 1,
as shewn in Figures 9 and 10, and have their outer edges bevelled or chamfered as
The rollers C are first inserted in the holes g or notches g' of the
annular plate B, each hole or notch being provided with a roller. The rings a', a',
are then slipped on over the ends of the rollers, the rabbets or counterbored ends
of the same being brought into contact to form the annular groove d, which should
be of a sufficient depth and width to permit the annular plate to move freely
shewn at o.

page_text: therein. The rollers, annular plate, and rings thus arranged, are then formed into
a core, a print being used in the ordinary manner, and placed in a mould, after
which the body A is cast around the rings, as shewn in Figure 9, firmly securing
all the parts in proper position.
The chainfered or bevelled edges o permit the metal in casting to flow slightly
over the outer ends of the rings a¹, a, and thus keep them more securely fastened,
although this feature is not absolutely essential. The rings a¹, a¹, can be constructed
without the rabbet n, in which case they are made slightly shorter, and annular
plates such as shewn in Figures 6, 7, and 8, are used, the plates being enlarged in
diameter to bring them flush with the rings; the case is then cast around the rings 1
substantially as above described; the annular groove is dispensed with, and the
annular plate does not revolve.
When the rings a¹, a', are left plain or are not provided with the rabbet n, and
an annular plate is employed equal in diameter to the rings, I prefer that the
annular plate, as shewn in Figure 7, should consist of the two sections p, p, having 1
the notches q, q, into which the metal flows in casting the casing or box A, the ends
of the sections being dovetailed together, as shewn at 8, t, to prevent their shunting
or becoming displaced in moulding or casting the box or casing.
It will be obvious that where the body A is cast on to the rings as described
the whole will be much stronger, and all the parts will be retained in position :
with greater firmness and precision than is possible by ordinary methods of
construction.
The modification in the construction of the annular plate B, shewn in Figure 8,
consists in having the plate B of such size that the rollers will project beyond
its outer edgo, and in combination therewith another ring D at the outside of s
the edge of the plate B, which additional ring projects into the grooves of the
rollers.
This additional ring D may be made in one piece with the box or bearing A if
the latter be made in two parts or as a separate and independent ring made solid
or in halves, in either of which latter cases it is secured in place within the box or 3
boaring A by means of one or more of the rings a, a.
This construction is merely the reverse of that previously described, as in the
one case the interior of the box or bearing A as it were projects into the grooves
of the rollers, and in the other case the box or bearing and the rollers are inter-
locked through the medium of a projection, such as a ring plate which lies within
the grooves of the rollers, and connects with the interior periphery of the box or
bearing A.
My Invention possesses amongst others the following advantages, namely:-
That when the carrying plate for the rollers is constructed as shown in Figures 3
and 4, it is as it were a solid plate or ring, and thus sufficiently strong to sustain
all the strain which comes upon it; that the rollers when made in parts and joined
together by a pintle in the manner described possess the greatest amount of strength
and enable as it were a solid plate or ring to be used as described; that the
rollers can be flush with the ends of the bushing box,, and thus the better
sustain the strain, and also be less susceptible to twisting and will run steadier:
that the combination of iron, galvanized or otherwise protected against rust, and
of a brass lining thereto, while obviously reducing the expense of manufacture
secures and possesses all the advantages of a box made wholly of brass, brass
being the most desirable metal to use in all parts of the bushing, especially
bushings to be used in pulley sheaves or the like, and it is the least affected by
exposure to moisture, salt water, or the like, and secures the best running surfaces.
It is preferable to make the rollers of brass and the pintles of steel, although
they may be made of brass or other metal. The grooved between the two ends
of the box A in combination with the plate having the rollers, obviously secures
the rollers in their place between the two ends of the bushing and holds them

page_text: against movement lengthwise, and when the plate-ring B has notches or recesses at
its outer edge, as shewn in Figure 5, the rollers may be in one piece, as shewn in
Figure 11, grooved around their periphery intermediately of their length instead of
in two parts joined together, and the box or case may be made in sections bolted
or otherwise secured together, and the case together with the brass lining rings
may be adapted for the rings to be screwed in the case.
Instead of having the box or casing A made separate from the pulley or sheave
to be attached thereto, the same can be in one piece, the proper opening being
arranged for the attachment of the rings a, a, thereto, or the pulley or sheave or
the like can be cast around the rings.
The box or casing and the rings a, a, or a¹, a¹, inny be of any suitable metal,
and when all are of the same metal one of the rings can be cast or otherwise
made in one piece with the box or case, the other being rivetted or secured as
described.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it under-
stood that I claim,-
First. An anti-frictional bearing or bushing composed of the following parts,
vis. Rollers each having the peripheral recess or recesses, an annular plate or
plates constructed to interlock with the said peipheral recess or recesses of the said
rollers, and a box or case constructed internally to interlock with the said annular
plate or plates and rollers, and each and all constructed and combined substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
Second. The combination with the rollers each having the peripheral recess or
recesses of an annular plate or plates having at the outer edge notches or recesses g¹
for the reception of the rollers, and of a box or case internally constructed for the
interlocking of the annular plate or plates B and rollers therewith, substantially as
and for the purpose described.
Third. The box or case provided internally with the ring or rings a to leave an
internal peripheral groove d, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. A roller made in parts in combination with an axial pintle having
shoulders, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fifth. An annular plate having holes g in combination with the rollers made in
parts and attached thereto, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. A box or casing made of iron in combination with brass linings a, a,
or a¹, a¹, having a grooved between them, and with an annular plate B which
carries a series of frictional rollers and is arranged within the said groove, all
substantially as above set forth for the purpose specified.
Seventh. The combination with the box or case of two rings a, a, arranged
within and lining the said case, and separated from each other to provide an
annular groove d, and an annular plate B arranged to rotate within the said
groove, and provided with a series of holes, within which are arranged the
connecting journals or pintles of friction-rollers, substantially as above described.
Eighth. In the box or case the rings a', a¹, provided with the rabbet n in
combination with the annular plate or plates B and the rollers, substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
Ninth. In a box or case an annular plate consisting of a divided or bisected
ring, substantially as shewn in Figure 6, in combination with the rollers C and
rings a¹, a', as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Tenth. In a box or case a bisected or divided annular plate provided with the
dovetailed ends s, t, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Eleventh. In a box or case a divided annular plate provided with the notches q, q,
as and for the purpose specified.
Twelfth. In a box or case cast on or around the rings for retaining the annular
plate, the bevel o, substantially as above described and as shewn in the Drawing
for the purpose specified.

page_text: Thirteenth. The improved box or case consisting of the rollers C, the annular
plate B, the rings a¹, a', and the body A, the latter being cast on the annular plate-
retaining rings, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
125
RAR