IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PUDDLED IRON, AND IN THE FURNACE LININGS TO BE USED IN SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOSEPH BEASLEY of Handsworth in the County of Stafford Iron Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PUDDLED IRON, AND IN THE FURNACE LININGS TO BE USED IN
SAID MANUFACTURE to be as follows:-
"3
In the specification filed by me and numbered 2820 of 1882 I have described
certain improvements in the manufacture of iron and in the furnace linings to be
used in said manufacture, the invention as therein set forth consists essentially in
treating the iron in a furnace fettled or lined with oxides of iron and with salt
saturated with diluted hydrochloric acid and with the addition of lime or limestone
and under certain conditions I also proposed to add to the molten bath oxides of
iron saturated with bydrochloric acid, salt and finely ground lime. My present
invention relates to certain improvements on the process then described and I now
propose when the furnace requires fettling, to take two thirds by weight of "purple
ore or other suitable oxide and one third by weight of ground Puddlers tap cinder
well saturated with diluted hydrochloric acid and to this mixture I add about
thirty per cent of slaked lime and five per cent of salt. The entire mixture being
then moistened with water until it is about the consistency of mortar, and is then
plastered over the fettling When this is dry I throw over the sides and on the
bottom of the furnace for each successive charge of iron a further mixture composed
of about one third by weight of "purple ore" or other suitable oxide and two
thirds by weight of ground puddlers tap cinder well saturated with diluted hydro-
chloric acid, and to this I add twenty to twenty five per cent of slaked lime and
about five per cent of salt.
"
After the iron has been melted and the damper lowered for a sufficient time to
cause the slag to thicken I further add to the molten bath 9 to 12 pounds of
"
purple ore or other suitable oxide well saturated with the diluted hydrochloric
acid, or for this purpose cast or wrought iron borings reduced by the action thereon
of diluted hydrochloric acid, may be employed with a very beneficial effect This
addition to the molten bath, of the acidified oxide, promotes the "boiling" and
also has a tendency to eliminate the phosphorus but when treating highly phospho-
retic pig iron such as that known as "cinder pig" in addition to the above I also
saturate with the diluted bydrochloric acid, all the finely ground hammer or
squeezer slags in which the iron is worked and to which I add about 2 per cent
of salt.

page_text: DIBUITICATION.
•
.
I JOSEPH BEASLEY of Handsworth in the County of Stafford Iron Manufacturer
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PUDDLED IRON AND IN THE FURNACE LININGS TO BE USED IN
SAID MANUFACTURE and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the specification filed by me and numbered 2820 of 1882, I have described
certain improvements in the manufacture of iron, and in the furnace linings to be
used in said manufacture, the invention as therein set forth consisting essentially
in treating the iron in a furnace fettled or lined with oxides of iron, and with such
material as is ordinarily used, and with salt, saturated with diluted hydrochloric
acid and with the addition of lime or limestone, and under certain conditions I also
proposed to add to the molten bath oxides of iron saturated with hydrochloric acid,
salt and finely ground lime.
33
די
My present invention relates to certain improvements on the process then
described and I now propose when the furnace requires fettling to take two thirds
by weight of "purple ore or other suitable oxide and one third by weight of
ground puddlers tap cinder well saturated with diluted bydrochloric acid to the
extent of about 5 to 7 per cent and to this mixture I add about thirty per cent of
slaked lime and from two and one half to five per cent of salt. The entire mixture
being then moistened with water until it is about the consistency of mortar, is then
plastered over the fettling or lining around the inner sides of the furnace. Such
lining consisting of lumps or pieces of oxides of iron such as are usually_employed.
On the bottom of the furnace I place as a flux what are known as Hammer or
squeezer slags or scale from the Hammer or rolls, which have been saturated with
and acted upon by dilute hydrochloric acid for a considerable period say preferably
from 7 to 14 days-A sufficient quantity of these substances are placed in the
furnace to give a "bottom" of about the usual depth For each successive charge
I in addition to the above, throw over the lining and on the bottom of the furnace
a further dry mixture composed of about one third by weight of "purple ore or
other suitable oxide, and two thirds by weight of ground puddlers tap cinder well
saturated with diluted hydrochloric acid, and to this I add twenty, to twenty five
per cent of slaked lime and about two and one half to five per cent of salt.
<<
"
After the iron has been melted and the damper lowered for a sufficient time to
'cause the slag to thicken, I further add to the molten bath six to ten pounds of
purple ore or other suitable oxide well saturated with the diluted hydrochloric
acid but for this purpose I prefer borings or fine turnings of cast or wrought iron
or steel which have been reduced to the condition of fine rust by the action of
dilute hydrochloric acid, and I use of this material six to ten pounds for a charge
of about five hundred pounds of. Pig Iron. This addition to the molten bath of
the acidified oxide promotes the "boiling" and also has a tendency to eliminate
the phosphorus. It will of course be understood that the lime is never added
until after the Hydrochloric acid has fully acted upon the oxides, as if this course
be not followed, the action of the lime will be neutralized.
The hereinbefore described process is particularly adapted for the treatment of
highly phosphoretic and carbonaceous gray irons.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1 The improvement in the manufacture of iron herein before described which
consists in treating such iron in a furnace lined with oxides of iron, and fettled with

page_text: finely ground and moistened purple ore and cinder or other oxides (saturated with
dilute hydrochloric acid) salt and lime or limestone, and in adding to the molten
bath, oxides, cast or wrought iron or steel borings or other small particles reduced
to the condition of fine rust by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
2 For the manufacture of iron in a puddling or analogous furnace lined as
described, a "bottom" lining as a flux consisting of hammer or squeezer slags
or Hammer or roll scale finely ground and saturated with Hydrochloric acid.
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this fourth day of February 1885
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Applicant's Agent.