Year: 1832

page_text: LONDON:
PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY:
PUBLISHED AT THE GREAT SEAL PATENT OFFICE,
25, SOUTHAMPTON BUILDINGS, HOLBORN.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SWAN, of Basingstoke, in the County of Hants, Brewer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of 'September, in the third year of His
reign, did,-for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant-unto me,
the said John Swan, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said John Swan, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such, others as I, the
said John Swan, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others; from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England; Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that I, the said John Swan, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed; to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in 'and by the same,. referénce
being thereunto had; will more fully and at large appear...:
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso,. I, the said
John Swan, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to 'be performed, are particularly described

page_text: and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say):-
One of my said Improvements in brewing consists in extracting from the
hops which have been employed in brewing in the ordinary manner, and are
generally considered as spent hops, or even after having undergone a slight
degree of pressure, a still farther quantity of useful ingredients to be employed
in brewing by means of a powerful pressure, either obtained in any of the
usual and well-known methods, or by an apparatus which I have contrived
especially for the purpose. In the said Drawings A, A, Fig. 1 represents a
powerful screw press mounted upon proper supports, and firmly affixed to the
floor of the room wherein it is to be used. B is the lever shewn by dotted
lines by which the press is to be actuated; and C, the screw of the press.
To the lower end of the screw Ca presser D is affixed in the following manner.
In Fig. 2, C represents the lower part of the screw, the end of which is made
cylindrical, and has a groove E made in it. The cylinder enters a cylindrical
cavity F formed on the top of the presser D, and is retained therein or pre-
vented from rising out of the said cavity by means of two semi-circular
plates G, G, which have semi-circular gaps fitted to the groove E, and are
affixed upon the top of the presser D by means of screws; the cylindrical end
of the screw can thus turn freely in the cavity F of the presser D, but cannot
be withdrawn out of it in use. The presser D acts within a circular. metal
hoop or strainer H, Fig. 1, so as to rise and fall freely therein, the strainer
being rather larger in its internal diameter than the presser. This strainer
is made of copper or other proper metal, and is thicker at its lower part than
above it, gradually encreasing in thickness from top to bottom, and slightly
diminishing in diameter internally; it is also perforated all over with small
holes. This strainer H is placed upon a circular horizontal part I, Fig. 3,
formed upon the bed of the press A, A, and which has a number of channels
or grooves J, J, &c., made in it to allow the liquid parts extracted by pressure
from the hops enclosed within the hoop H to flow off. The hoop H is, besides,
surrounded by another hoop K, Fig. 4, during the commencement of pressing,
in order to prevent the liquid from escaping beyond the proper limits, and this
second hoop has gaps or notches made all around its lower edge to allow the
liquids to flow off. There is also provided a ridge or border L, Figs. 1 and 3,
which may be cast solid with the bed of the press. All the parts of the bed
surrounding the horizontal platform I, Fig. 3, and within the ridge or border L,
are made sloping in such a manner as, to lead or conduct the liquids to the
circular hole or aperture M, which is made through the bed of, the, and
press,
has a female or hollow screw lodged within it, into which a male screw can be

page_text: received, which is united to one end of a hose N, Fig. 1, which serves to con-
vey the liquids to any situation required. Fig. 5 is an under view or plan of
the bed A, A, of the press, having two metal webs O, O, cast solid with it to
strengthen it, and as also shewn at O in Fig. 6, which is a front view or
elevation of the metal frame and bed of the press. Fig. 7 is an edge or side-
view of one of the sides or cheeks A of the press, and C, Fig. 8, is the screw
of the press. The screw C works in a gun metal female screw P, Fig. 1,
fitted into the enlarged part of the press frame Q, as also shewn in Fig. 1,
and it can be turned either by the handle B fitted upon a squared part S, or by
means of a bar or lever inserted into holes T provided for that purpose, and
as shewn in Figs. 1 and 8. The partly spent hops must be placed within the
circular metal hoop or strainer H till it becomes filled therewith. The presser
D is then to be forced down upon them by the action of the screw C, when the
fluid contained therein will escape through the holes in the strainer H, and
will be prevented from flying out of the proper limits by the second hoop K,
Fig. 4, being placed around the strainer H previously to the commencement
of pressing. The pressure is then to be continued, stopping, however, at short
intervals to allow the air to escape whilst any fluid can be extracted, and then
I employ a circular metal plate U, Fig. 9, and which is furnished upon its
under side with a number of grooves and ridges made sharp at their edges, and
which I term a cutter, to penetrate the compressed mass of hops when forced'
down upon them by the action of the presser D urged by the screw; I then
turn the cutter half-way round upon the pressed hops into the contrary position,
or crossing the grooves made by the first cutting and pulverizing, and again'
subject them to pressure. .I can, however, still procure a farther quantity of
useful essence from these hops by subjecting them to a still more forcible
pulverizing or grinding process, effected either by means of two cast-iron
cylinders or rollers mounted in a proper frame, and turned by wheel-work in
such a manner as to cause one of the cylinders to revolve faster than the other,
and thus produce a crushing and grinding action, or by any of the usual and.
well-known methods. I then place these ground hops in any proper vessel
and saturate them with water, when I again subject them to the action of the
press as before.
In order to extract the solid matter of yeast, which is another of my.
said improvements, I first put it into a conical flannel filtering bag to extract.
the greater part of the fluid matters contained in it, after which I place it
within another filtering bag of a cylindrical form, and made to fit into the
strainer H of the press; this latter bag and its contents is then subjected
to a gentle pressure, interrupted at intervals, and finally to a strong pressure.

page_text: The cake of yeast is then laid out to dry, after which it must be packed closely:
in an air-tight cask or other proper vessel.
Another of my said improvements is a cock V, shewn in a side section at
Fig. 10, and a section in plan at Fig: 11, the same letters of reference
indicating the similar parts in both Figures. W, Fig. 10, is a conical valve,
which, when the cock is shut, as shewn in that Figure,, is, kept firmly to its
seat X in the barrel of the cock in, the following manner: The cylindrical
stem Y of the valve has two webs, feathers, or, wings, Z, Z, formed upon it;
which lodge or rest against two circular inclined planes a, a, made inside of a
metal cross bar b, which is secured in its place within the barrel of the; cock.
by means of screws, as shewn in Fig. 11. This cross bar b; has also a hole.c
made through it to permit the webs Z, Z, to enter, and allow the valve or cock
to open to a sufficient extent, and which extent is indicated by the dotted lines d
in Fig. 10. The cylindrical stem Y of the valve passes through, a collar. of
leather e placed in a suffing-box f, which is screwed in the centre of a cap g
and which is itself screwed into the top of the barrel of the, cock,; as shewn
. in Fig. 10. h is the handle of the cock; is the entrance pipe of the
cock, and the exit pipe of it. k, k, in Fig. 11, are two, ears intended to, rest
upon the bulge of a cask, as shewn in Fig. 12, and to serve as stays to retain
the cock in its position when the exit pipe is placed in the bung-hole of the
cask. This cock is secured in the usual manner within the delivering end of
a hose, as is also shewn in Fig. 12. This is the state in which the cock is to be:
used for cleansing, racking, filling casks, and other similar, purposes; but
when, used for drawing off, liquids from any squares, vats, or other similar
vessels, a male screw must be made upon the outside of the entrance pipe to
be screwed into the tap holes of those vessels, or otherwise that pipe may be
made tapering, in order to be driven tight into the; said tap holes., V, Fig. 13,
represents the cock as drawn to a similar scale with the other Figures in the
Drawing. Fig. 14 represents the first, square in a brewery intended to receive
the first described pressings from the hops.
r
Having thus shewn and described the various improvements contained. in my
said Invention, I hereby declare that it is not my intention thereby to limit
myself to the use and employment of any particular material or materials in
the construction thereof, but to avail myself of, 'any. which are fit and: proper
for the purpose. Neither do I mean or intend to confine,myself, to. any
particular size' or scale for the different parts, but shall vary them according to
the purposes for which they are to be employed. I do not, however,, mean or
intend hereby to claim as my Invention the dry extract of yeast, buti only my
improved method of producing it. Neither do I mean or intend hereby claim.

page_text: as my Invention the extracting liquid from the ordinary spent hops by a
moderate degree of pressure, but only the extracting of a further quantity
thereof by means of a high degree of pressure, as well also by crushing and
grinding them in the modes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Swan, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.