Improvements in Coiled Steel Springs.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements in Coiled Steel Springs.
I, ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS, of 2, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W.,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The objects of my invention are to get a steel bar of such a cross section that it
shall combine the following qualities, after being coiled and finished:-
(1) It shall be protected, both on the outside, which in work is in tension, and
on the inside, which in work is in abnormal compression, from fracture, by a web
of metal which is softer than the bulk of the bar.
(2) But the mass of the bar, being thus protected, is left comparatively hard,
or only case softened or tempered.
(3) The different coils of the spring, when compressed "home," have their sur-
faces, which come opposite each other, parallel.
In my Patent 3325/75 I described several sections, but the only one which was
of any value was No. 2. This however, (and also the other figures) only attempted
to protect one edge of the bar when coiled.
After many trials I find that in order to get the greatest strength and most range
(with a given diameter) and at the same time protect the inner part of the bar,
when being coiled, from punishment, and after the spring is finished and is put
to work, from shock effects, as well as to protect the outer part from excessive
strain, in coiling and in work; I put a thin web on the outside and also on the
inside. This double web is a new feature and of great value. The bars to make
these springs are rolled with the inner part of the thick part thinner than the
outer so that the two sides of the thick part are parallel when the spring is coiled;
also the inner web is rolled so that in coiling it prevents the thick part from undue
compression and the outside web is so rolled that it protects the outside thick part.
Both webs protect the thick part when the spring is in work and enable it to be of
a much harder temper and consequently greater strength per lb. of metal used.
Deted this 24th day of September 1897.
Improvements in Coiled Steel Springs.
I, ILLIUS AUGUSTUS TIMMIS, of 2, Great George Street, Westminster, S.W.,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
1
The objects of my invention are to get a steel bar of such a cross section that it
shall combine the following qualities, after being coiled and finished:-
(1) It shall be protected, both on the outside, which in work is in tension, and

page_text: on the inside, which in work is in abnormal compression, from fracture, by a web
of metal which is softer than the bulk of the, bar.
(2) But the mass of the bar, being thus protected, is left comparatively hard,
or only case softened or tempered.
(3) The different coils of the spring, when compressed "home," have their sur-
faces, which come opposite each other, parallel.
•
In my Patent 3325/75 I described several sections, but the only one which was
of any value was No. 2. This however, and also the other figures only attempted
to protect one edge of the bar when coiled.
After many trials and many years of experience I find that in order to get the
greatest strength and most range. (with a given diameter) and, at the same time,
protect the inner thick part of the bar, when being coiled, from punishment, and,
after the spring is finished and is put to work, from shock effects; as well as to
protect the outer thick part from excessive strain, in coiling and in work; I put
a thin web on the outside and also on the inside. In coiling round a mandrel the
inner part of the bar is crushed, and by putting a thin web against. the mandrel
this crushing is taken by the thin part, and on the exterior the stretching is taken
by the outer web. In addition the thin webs, after the spring is hardened, are
tempered, of necessity, softer than the thick part, and thus the thick part can be,
and is, left harder than it could be otherwise and a spring of greater power is
obtained with the same weight of metal. This double web is a new feature and
of great value. The bars to make these springs are rolled with the inner part of the
thick part thinner than the outer so that the two sides of the thick part are parallel
when the spring is coiled; also the inner web is rolled so that in coiling it pre-
vents the thick part from undue compression and the outside web is so rolled that
it protects the outside thick part. Both webs protect the thick part when the
spring is in work and enable it to be of a much harder temper and consequently
greater strength pér lb. of metal used, and in order to make the invention more
easily understood I attach a drawing of two figures hereto.
Fig. 1 shows in black lines a cross, section of a bar of steel as rolled while the
dotted lines show the same bar. after coiling. The inside web W has altered its
shape during coiling and prevented the metal in the thick part from being crushed.
The outside web W₁ has also altered in stretching. The outside edge after coiling
may assume simply a rounded form.
Fig. 2 represents a complete spring after coiling, partly in elevation and partly
in section.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of..
f.my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is―
t
:
.5.
Steel bars for the purpose of making coiled steel springs formed with a web on
the inside and also one on the outside for the purposes hereinbefore, described.
Dated this 24th day of June 1898.