Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 28th June, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 27th Apr.. 1889
I, JOHN SHAW, of Green Street, Germantown, Philadelphia, in the Republic of
the United States of America, Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :—
This invention relates to certain improvements applied to the upper portion of
flyers used for the spinning of fibrous substances, and has for its object, the construction
of the same in such a manner that, the fibro is twisted in about its own axis, and
the distance in which the twist is put into the fibre, is considerably less than with
flyers of the ordinary construction; also to so arrange the same, that the twist given
to the yarn is retained until it is wound on the bobbin or tube; and in more
effectually wrapping, laying or twisting round the main body of the yarn or thread,
any loose or protruding ends of the fibre, thereby producing a smoother and better
class of yarn.
I accomplish my object by forming or placing on the top of ordinary flyers, a
circlet so arranged that, one side thereof is in or about the same line as the centre
of the spindle.
Through the centre of the circlet is bored a hole, a slit being cut from the exterior
to the hole, for facilitating the passage of the thread or yarn thereto, to allow of its
being twisted, which is accomplished between the circlet and nip of the rollers.
The twist is maintained by passing the thread or yarn partly round the neck of
the circlet; and the loose or protruding ends wrapped, or twisted round the main
body of the yarn, by passing it over a cap to the flyer arm from which it is
conducted to the bobbin in the usual manner.

page_text: Improvements in Spinning Flyers or Attachments thereto.
1, JOHN SHAW, of Green Street, Germantown, Philadelphia, in the Republic of
the United States of America, Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements applied to the upper portion of
flyers used for the spinning of fibrous substances, and has for its object the construction
of the same in such a manner, that the fibro is twisted in about its own axis, and
the distanco in which the twist is put into the fibre, is considerably less than with
flyors of the ordinary construction; a'so to so arrange the same that the twist given
to the yarn is retained until it is wound on the bobbin or tube; and in more
effectually wrapping, laying or twisting round the main body of the yarn or thread,
any loose or protruding ends of the fibre thereby producing a smoother and better
class of yarn.
Referring to the accompanying drawings which form a part of this specification
and which serve to illustrate the 'construction and modo of operation of the devicos
for accomplishing my object.
Fig. 1. represents a perspective view of a flyer with circlet and shield or guard
embodying my invention.
Fig. 2. represents a side elevation of the samo.
Fig. 3 represents a detached perspective view of the guard or shield.
Fig. 4. represents a detached perspective view of the neck and circlet.
Fig. 5. represents a sido elevation of the same.
Fig. 6. represents the spindle and flyer in elevation part of the guard being broken
away and part in section to show the connection of the paris.
Fig. 7. represents a perspective view of the flyer, circlet, neck or stom, the guard
or shield and the bobbin with the thread or yarn in the action of spinning or
twisting.
Fig. 8. represents a detached perspective view of the neck and circlet and guard
or shield.
In these drawings A. repesents a circlet with a slit A' for the throads or fibres to
pass through, and which may be held therein by a small spring S. fixed to the side
of the circlet so as to close the slit and prevent the thread slipping out of the eyelet
of the circlet while the flyer is in operation; B. represents the neck or stem of the
circlet the bottom portion at B' being formed hollow for fixing on an ordinary flyer
as represented in Fig. 6.
(represents a cone shaped shield or guard over the surface of which the threads
or fibros travel after leaving the neck or stem of the circlet as shown in Fig. 7.
D. represents an ordinary flyer and E. represents the eyelet of the flyer through
which the threads travel to the bobbin. F. represents the rotating bobbin holding
spindle and G. the empty bobbin or spool upon the spindle.

page_text: It will be soon by the foregoing that the fibres or threads can be spun or twisted
approximately on the thread's own axis and it thus constitutes an improvement on
the "mule." To illustrate the same, say the thickness of a circlet A. is one eighth of
an inch, then the twist is put in the yarn with a circuit of 3927 of an inch or within
one sixteenth of an inch of its own axis.
Now an ordinary spinning or twisting flyer is about two and a half inches from
eyelet E. to eyelet E. with a circuit of over seven and three quarter inches (7-854);
an ordinary ring being about the same, making the circuit greater by exactly twenty
times than with the improvement or circlet A. whose thickness is one eighth of
an inch as in the present instance.
With the " cap "the thread beats against the tin shields that are fixed between
the spindles whose distance from each other is about three and a quarter inches and
which forms the diameter of the circuit of over ten inches, the threads make to give
one turn of twist; being exactly twenty six times greater or longer than with the
circlet above described.
Taking the hypothesis to be that spinning or twisting a thread on its own axis
produces the best possible result then the circlet spins or twists nearer to this
desired result by twenty per cent., than either by the employment of the "flyer" or
the "ring," and nearer by twenty-six per cent. than with the "
cap."
Again, the twist the thread or yarn receives by the revolutions of the spindle and
circlet is held or retained in the thread or yarn by its friction against the eyelet of
the circlet in going in and out, along with partially or wholly wrapping it around
the neck or stem B. of the circlet which gives the privilege of being optional in
further wrapping it around the vertical arm of the flyer. On the other hand, it
may, if desired be taken direct to the eyelet of the flyer from the verge or edge of
the shield or guard C. By this means the operator is enabled to regulate the tension
on the threads or yarn without in any manner interfering with the twist. The
advantage in keeping the twist intact enables the spinner to spin with less waste of
time and material and also to spin with a greater drag or tension on the thread, this
latter feature tending to wrap more lengths of thread or yarn in the same space or
radius than with any other of the methods now employed.
Again, the guard or shield described and shown has the effect of causing the
protruding ends of the fibres which stand out from the main body of the thread, to
get laid and twisted in the yarn as the latter is gliding in contact with the surface
of the guard and downwardly along the arm and through the eyelet of the flyer.
Other advantages of the guard or shield are that the stopping of the flyer can be
done at ease without that jerk or abruptness which is the case with the present method
thereby avoiding any danger of disfiguring the hand of the operator.
The spindles can also be run at an increased speed without adding to the vibration
of the thread or spindle and in fact from experiment it is found that the vibration
is less than with any of the four different well known methods in use at present.
An advantage is also gained in being able to begin and continue spinning or
twisting above the top of the spindle and between this point and the nip or tangent of
the delivery rollers, thus leaving sufficient space for the operator to piece or join the
ends when broken which can be done in the space of three or four inches inore or
less, as the case may be.
By this means the fibres will be held during the spinning or twisting at both ends
at one and the same time and continuously, and laid smoother, with very little if
any "fly" "loose
"fibres thrown off, and also what is termed "soft bobbins"
avoided.
ог
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In combination with a spinning or twisting apparatus substantially as herein-

page_text: 2. In combination with a spinning or twisting device substantially as hereinbefore
described, a circlet provided with a horizontal eyelet, a slit or opening connecting
the eyelet with the exterior of the circlet and a spring attached to the circlet for
retaining the thread in position while spinning, twisting or doffing.
3. A circlet or apparatus by which the fibres or threads will be held in the proper
position or in such mannor that the least possible vibration of the fibros or threads
is attained whilo spinning or twisting, substantially as heroinbefore described.
4. A spindle or twisting apparatus consisting of a nock or stom which will hold
the fibres or threads at such a tension that the twist will be retained in the yarn
until it is received on the bobbin or other recipient all arranged substantially in the
manner shown and described.
JOHN WAUGH,
Agent.