Improvements in Alloys.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left. 19th Mar. 1897-Accepted. 24th Apr.. 1897
Date of Application, 5th June, 1896
Complete Specification Left. 19th Mar.. 1897-Accepted. 24th Apr.. 1897
Improvements in Alloys.
1, JOHANNES CATHARINUS BULL of 29, Bexley Road, Erith, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to alloys of copper and tin and has for its object
producing malleable alloys capable of being rolled or otherwise worked in a hot
state and having the necessary degree of hardness for commerical utility.
I am aware that copper-tin alloys having not more than about 14% of tin can
be rolled and forged in a red hot state, but such alloys are too soft to be of much
commercial value.
According to my invention I use copper as nearly chemically pure as possible.
and as the purity of the copper is absolutely essential for the production of my
improved alloys I use the best obtainable brands of electro-deposited copper
which so far as I now know is the purest copper that is obtainable and to this
copper I add from about 2 to 4 per cent. of tin, stir well and pour into ingots in
the ordinary way which are capable of being rolled forged or drawn into bars,
sheets, tubes and wire.
In practice I find it useful to add a small proportion of deoxidizing material,
for instance phosphorus, preferably in the form of copper phosphide to the copper
before adding the tin. When phosphorus is used as a deoxidizing agent it is
however necessary to take care that the amount added is not so great that any
appreciable quantity of it is left unoxidized in the alloy, and in no case should
more than 1 per cent. of phosphorus be added to the copper.
Manganese may also be used beneficially as a deoxidizing agent, in the form of
manganese tin or manganese copper-the purer, the better. This deoxidizing
agent has the advantage, that if an appreciable quantity thereof is left unoxidized
in the alloy it does not affect the malleability to the same extent as phosphorus
does, but on the other hand it renders the alloy less resistant to corrosion. As a
rule not more than 0 15% to 0-2% of manganese should be added.
I do not limit myself to the use of from 2 to 4 per cent. of tin, although so far
as I now know any excess over 4 per cent. has no further beneficial influence and
alloys containing appreciably more than 44 per cent. of tin cease to be perfectly
inalleable at a red hot state.
By this invention a large range of new and useful malleable alloys of copper and
tin can be produced.
Dated this 5th day of June 1896
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Alloys.
I, JOHANNES CATHARINUS BULL of 29, Bexley Road, Erith, in the County
of Kent, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to alloys of copper and tin the object being to produce
malleable alloys capable of being rolled, forged or otherwise worked in a red hot
state and having the necessary degree of hardness for commercial utility.
I am aware that ordinary copper-tin alloys having not more than about
1 per cent. of tin can be rolled.and forged in a red. hot state, but such alloys are
tuo soft to be of much commercial value.
According to my invention I use: copper as nearly chemically pure as is
commercially and practically obtainable and as the purity of the copper is.
absolutely essential for the production of my improved alloys use the best brands
of electro-deposited copper which so far as now know is the purest copper that
is commercially obtainable and to this copper I add from about 21 to 5 per cent. of
tin, stir well and pour in the ordinary way into ingots which are capable of being
rolled forged or drawn into bars, shicots, tubessand wire.
.In practice I find it useful to add a small proportion of deoxidizing material,
for instance phosphorus-preferably in the form of copper phosphide-to the
copper before adding the tin. When phosphorus is used as a deoxidizing agent it
is however necessary to take care that the amount added. is not so great that any
appreciable quantity of it is left unoxidized in the alloy, and in no case ought more
than per cent..of phosphorus be added to the copper as the malleability in a red
hot state is otherwise impaired.
Manganese may also be used beneficially as a deoxidizing, agent, in the form of
manganese tin or manganese copper-the purer,. the better. This deoxidizing
agent has the advantage, that if an appreciable quantity thereof is left unoxidized
in the alloy. it does not affect the malleability to the san:e extent.as phosphorus,
but on the other hand it renders the alloy less resistant to corrosion. As a rule
not more than 0.15% to 0:2% of manganese should be added.. Where special.
means are taken to melt and. cast the alloy in a non-oxidizing atmosphere,, the
addition of the deoxidizing agent becomes unnecessary.
I do not limit myself to the use of from 2 to 5 per cent. of the tin, although so
far as I now know any excess over 5 per cent. has no further beneficial influence
and alloys containing appreciably more than 5 per cent. of the tin cease to be
sufficiently malleable for commercial purposes at a red hot state.
It will be understood that the tin should be of good quality and practically free
from impurities.
By this invention a large range of new and useful malleable alloys of copper and
tin can be produced..
Having now particularly described. and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in wliat manner the same is to be performed; I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) The improved alloys herein before described.
(2.) A malleable alloy of copper and tin capable of being worked in a red hot
state composed of copper as chemically pure as can be commercially obtained with
from 2 to 5 per cent. of tin.
(3.) In malleable alloys of copper and tin capable of being worked in a red

page_text: hot state containing from about 2 to 5% of tin the use of electro-deposited
copper.
(4.) In malleable alloys of copper and tin capable of being worked in a red.
hot state composed of copper as chemically pure as can be commercially obtained
with from about 2 to 5% of tin, the addition to the copper of a small proportion
of deoxidizing material such as phosphorus or manganese, the deoxidizing material
being added in such proportion that no appreciable percentage thereof is left
unoxidized when such materials would form a prejudicial addition to the final or
resulting alloys.
this 19th day of March 1897.
ROBERT E. PHILLIPS, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., M.I. Mech. E.,.
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
70, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.