IMPROVE- MENTS IN PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew O'Neill, of the City of Baltimore, and State of
Maryland, in the United States of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PIPE JOINTS."
Sealed the 29th December 1876, and dated the 11th November 1876.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Andrew O'Neill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1876.
ANDREW O'NEILL, of the City of Baltimore, and State of Maryland, in the United
States of America, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE JOINTS."
My Invention has for its object the formation of joints in soil, drain, heater, and
other pipes without the use of hot lead or costly cement, and without lapping the
sections.
The Invention is specially designed for use in connection with cast-iron pipes, but
is not limited in its application thereto.
In carrying out my Invention I construct the pipe sections with lugs or flanges
on each end, and with a collar encircling the joint, and provided with flanges or
lugs adapted to fit the lugs or flanges on the pipe ends, and draw the ends together
by a rotary movement of the said collar.
I construct each section of pipe with a recessed end for the reception of a gasket,
and a "spigot" end to fit securely on such gasket, and near each with external lugs
or flanges, by means of which the end of one section is held to the gasket on the
other by the action of a screw collar encircling the joint.
The pipe sections are further provided with fixed collars, beads, or flanges to
receive pressure from a suitable jack, by which the ends are forcibly pressed together
while the screw collar is adjusted to hold them.
To adapt my improved couplings for use in connection with a common pipe, or
with a short section from which the peculiar recessed or spigot end, as the case may
be, has been cut away, I provide detached hubs or coupling ends adapted to receive.
and securely pack the cylindrical end of such cut or common pipe, and constructed
with either a spigot or recessed end, so as to adapt them to fit either the recessed or
spigot end of the next section, as may be required.
In the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of two sections of pipe coupled together.
Figure 2 is a section on the line 2 2. Figure 3.

page_text: Figure 3 is a view of the recessed end of the pipe; Figure 4 is a view of the
spigot end; Figure 5 is a side elevation of the spigot end.
Figure 6 is an end view of the coupling collar; Figure 7 is a section on the line
7, 7, Figure 6.
Figure 8 is an elevation illustrating a modification in the construction of the
couplings.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the pipe and coupling shown in Figure 8;
Figure 10 is a transverse section on the line 10, 10, Figure 9; Figure 11 is a view
of the spigot end of the same pipe.
Figure 12 is a transverse section of the coupling on the line 12, 12, Figure 13;
Figure 13 is a longitudinal section of the same on the line 13, 13, Figure 12.
Figure 14 is a section of the gasket.
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation illustrating the mode of coupling the spigot end
of the pipe to a short joint, from which the corresponding recessed end has been cut
away.
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation illustrating the mode of coupling the recessed
end to a joint from which the corresponding spigot end has been cut away.
Figure 17 is a face view of the recessed hub shown in Figure 15 for receiving the
cut end of a joint, and coupling to the spigot end of a complete joint.
Figure 18 is a face view of the spigot hub for receiving the cut end of a joint and
coupling to the recessed end of a complete joint.
Figure 19 is an elevation illustrating the application of the same Invention in
coupling to a pipe of common construction.
Figure 20 is a plan of a screw jack employed in applying the hubs shewn in
Figures 15 to 19 inclusive; Figure 21 is an elevation of the same, showing the hub
in section.
Figure 22 is an elevation illustrating the application of the Invention to the
coupling of lead pipes.
Figure 23 is a face view of the recessed end shown in Figure 22.
Figure 24 is a face view of the spigot end shown in Figure 22; Figure 25 is a
longitudinal section on the line 25, 25, Figure 23.
Figure 26 is a longitudinal section on the line 26, 26, Figure 24.
Figure 27 is an end view of the coupling.
Figure 28 is a longitudinal section on the line 28, 28, Figure 27.
Figure 29 is an elevation of a double Y connection.
Each pipe section A is constructed with a recessed end B for the reception of a
gasket C, and with a spigot end D to fit upon such a gasket in the recessed end of
the next section; E, E, are fixed beads or collars cast on the pipe sections at a
proper distance from each end to receive a jack or clamp by which the pipe ends
are firmly pressed one on the other while the coupling collar F is turned up to
secure them. The coupling collar F constitutes a sleeve encircling the joint between
the pipe ends, and constructed at its ends with internal flanges f,f¹, of which those
at one end have oblique or spiral faces to adapt them to operate as a sectional
screw; b, d, are external lugs or flanges on the recessed and spigot end respectively
of the pipe sections, with which lugs or flanges the internal flanges f, f¹, of the
coupling collar F engage, the said flanges f, f¹, being notched or recessed to permit
the passage of the lugs b, d. In Figure 2-7 both sets of flanges f and fi, are shown
inclined or spiral, so as to act as screw threads. In Figure 9-13 the flanges fare
shown inclined so as to draw against the lugs b, while the straight flanges f¹ hold
against the lugs d. Crepresents a gasket fitted within the recessed end B to receive
the spigot end D, and form a tight joint in connection therewith. The said gasket
is preferably made, as shown in section in Figure 14, with one concave and one
convex face, and with annular feather-edged lips c to adapt it to close the joint
with moderate pressure.
This gasket may be made of lead or soft rubber or other
compressible material, or, if preferred, a flat gasket of paper, hemp, or other fibrous
material may be used. The gasket is preferably coated with litharge or other gum-
fluid luting.

page_text: In case it is necessary to connect to a cut or a common pipe, a recessed hub H or
a spigot hub E' is employed, as may be required. The said hubs are each formed
with an annular gasket seat and internal grooves for packing around the pipe with
lead rope, and with either a recessed or spigot end similar to those of the pipe
couplings, and adapted for connection thereto.
To apply whichever hub may be required to the cut section which is to be con-
nected, the cut end of said section is inserted in the hub, its end bearing on the
gasket G, and is forced thereon by means of a screw jack K, L, M, N. The annular
space around the pipe is then securely packed by means of lead rope tamped
around it.
My improved pipe joints are connected to wrought iron, copper, lead, or other
pipe by inserting the end of such pipe in a short tapering section formed with my
improved coupling devices, and expanding therein by means of a mandrel or
wedging plug. This part of the Invention is illustrated in Figures 22 to 26.
The pipe as it comes from the foundry without any finishing is furnished to the
trade ready to be put together, with a gasket of lead, rubber, paper, or other material
adapted to form a tight joint.
The usual commercial length of a soil pipe is five feet, to which is added three
inches for lap.
One economical feature in my Invention consists in a peculiar joint, dispensing
with any lap, reducing the amount of metal, and avoiding the use of hemp, lead,
cement, or any of the costly appliances used in the customary mode of connecting
soil, drain, and heater pipes.
My Invention avoids all the danger attending the use of fire for melting lead
within buildings, and also dispenses with the cost of skilled labor for setting up and
jointing soil, heater, or other similar pipes.
The joint applies to tees, crosses, half-tees, single and double Y's, traps, and all
fittings usually applied to steam, soil, and drain pipes. It is also particularly well
adapted for underground telegraphs, pneumatic tubes, &c., being flush inside.
In the case of cracking of steam pipes in frosty weather, for steam pipes, or the
stoppage of a watercloset pipes by solid matter it is frequently necessary to remove a
section of pipe, which section with the old system of joints must be broken and
destroyed. This difficulty is avoided by my Invention, which admits of removing
a section at any point without injury, and cleaning and replacing it with a new
section as may be required.
The application of the Invention to a double Y connection is shown at a¹ in
Figure 29.
Having thus described my Invention, the following is what I claim as new therein
and desire to secure by Letters Patent :-
1. The pipe ends formed with lugs or flanges in combination with the collar,
provided with corresponding flanges or lugs for drawing the two ends of the pipe
together, substantially as set forth.
2. The pipe end formed with lugs or flanges for the reception of the collar, and
with a bead behind said lugs or flanges to receive a jack for pressing the pipe ends
together, as explained.
3. The combination of the recessed pipe end, the spigot end, and a suitable gasket
C pressed between them in the manner explained.
4. The jack K, L, M, N, constructed and employed for pressng coupling lugs on
the ends of cut or common pipes in manner substantially as setforth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew O'Neill, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of October, A.D. 1876.
ANDREW O'NEILL (TO)