AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF STUDS, BUTTONS, ORNAMENTAL PLATES AND ANALOGOUS ARTICLES USED IN SADDLERY AND HARNESS UPHOLSTERY, MILITARY EQUIPMENTS, CLOTHING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, MAKING THEM EITHER OF ROLLED, CAST, OR WROUGHT METAL, OR OF ANY HARD MATERIAL SUCH AS HORN, IVORY, GUTTA PERCHA, WOOD, OR HARDENED INDIA-RUBBER, AND WITH TWO OR SEVERAL SHANKS OR METAL FASTENING RINGS OR PRONGS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
March 1866 A communication from abroad by Lorenzo Salvy, of the
Firm Cesare Trippa, of Bologna, Italy.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No.
23, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF STUDS, BUTTONS, ORNAMENTAL PLATES AND ANALOGOUS
ARTICLES USED IN SADDLERY AND HARNESS UPHOLSTERY, MILITARY EQUIPMENTS,
CLOTHING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, MAKING THEM EITHER OF ROLLED, CAST, OR
WROUGHT METAL, OR OF ANY HARD MATERIAL SUCH AS HORN, IVORY, GUTTA PERCHA,
WOOD, OR HARDENED INDIA-RUBBER, AND WITH TWO OR SEVERAL SHANKS OR METAL
FASTENING RINGS OR PRONGS," (a communication to me from abroad by Lorenzo
Salvy, of the Firm of Cesare Trippa, of Bologna, Italy), to be as follows:-
To render this description as clear as possible I take for base of comparison
a stud used in saddlery, it will nevertheless be understood that this Invention
equally applies to ornamental plates, the fastenings of buttons, and other
articles as above stated. On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming
part of this Provisional Specification Figure 1 represents a stud such as is now
used by French saddlers.

page_text: A indicates the lower metallic plate pierced with a single hole a¹; B shews
the double shank c', c', also called the fork, this suffers at the point b¹, by means
of strong pressure, a contraction so great that the metal wire of which it is
made is almost cut before it is fitted to the stud, it is then introduced into the
single central hole a' of the metal plate, as at C, and the whole is covered by
another metal plate (ornamented or not), called the cap d (see 1 and D),
by means of a very powerful pressure which gives to the stud or button the
required shape at the same time that it fixes to it the shank or fork, together
with the lower metal plate A (Fig. 1); this second pressure still further
increases the weakness of the fork, and it is evident that a strong article
cannot be obtained by this method. When the saddler uses studs thus made
what is the result? The shanks are so weakened and half crushed that they
will not resist the slightest effort in placing the stud, and when tho saddler
proceeds to fix it by separating and laying flat the shanks c', c', as at D, the
stud comes off leaving the shanks in the leather. In the German method
(Fig. 2) the fork or double shank is introduced into the hollow of the metal
cap, capsule, or cover of the stud with molten lead b, it is true that the metal
wire does not here suffer from any crushing, but the security given by the lead
is very little, and further the filling in with lead gives very considerable weight
to these studs.
Having ascertained these defects some Inventors have endeavoured to fix
the double shank fastening ring or fork to the cap of the stud by means of a
simple soldering, as at 6 (Fig. 3), but they soon abandoned this method finding
that it not only was more complicated and occupied more time in making,
but that it also did not give the requisite strength. The method, the subject
of this Invention, is illustrated by the following Figures:-The lower metal
plate, Fig. 4, has two holes x, x, to receive the prongs of the metal fork bent
as shewn, Fig. 5; then these two pieces set as at Fig. 6 are introduced and
fitted in the cap Fig. 7, and thus submitted to a strong pressure which attaches
them together, at the same time giving to the cap any desired impression as
well as the shape and size required. The fork may be of round, angular, or
flat wire, and even of bands more or less wide according to requirement. To
fix this stud on a piece of saddlery the two shanks or prongs of the fork
instead of spreading apart to their respective sides cross each other, as at Fig. 8,
and form (being afterwards flattened) a sort of knot which will resist any
traction to which the stud may be submitted, does not permit the shanks to
rise again and consequently prevents the loss of the stud. The same process
is applicable to the manufacture of studs with double, quadruple, sextuple, or
more shanks, as well as in their adaptation to ornamental plates, monograms,

page_text: escutcheons, crowns, flowers, and to cockades, curbs, and other articles of
military equipment and general use. This method is also applicable for the
fitting of ring shanks or fastenings on to metal buttons or buttons made of
any hard material to be used on clothing, with this difference that the two
ends of the fastening or ring are crossed and flattened between the lower plate
and the cap of the button, as shewn at Fig. 9.