CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Sieber, of Fluntern, in the
Republic of Switzerland, Chemist, for the Invention of " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING."-Partly a communication from
abroad by Louis Gonin, of Deville les Rouen, near Rouen, France,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry Sieber
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st September 1875.
I, CHARLES HENRY SIEBER, of Fluntern, in the Republic of Switzer-
land, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
" CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING," being partly a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Louis Goniu, of Deville les Rouen, near Rouen,
France, Chemist, and partly my own Invention, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of oils acidified by mineral or other
acids, which are subsequently neutralized and treated by salts of tin or

page_text: alumina, so as to form modified oleates of tin or modified oleates of
alumina, and also in the use of either oleates of tin or other metals not
treated previously by acids..
alumina, so as to form modified oleates of tin or modified oleates of
alumina, and also in the use of either olcates of tin or other metals not
treated previously by acids.
These oleates are used as mordants for printing and dyeing yarns and
fabrics of cotton, wool, silk, or mixed fibres.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Henry Sieber in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HENRY SIEBER, of Fluntern, in the Republic of Switzerland, Chemist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Henry Sieber, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Henry Sieber, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Henry Sieber,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
" CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND DYEING," being partly a commu-
nication to me from abroad by Louis Gonin, of Deville les Rouen, near
Rouen, France, Chemist, and partly my own Invention, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Charles Henry Sieber, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be a
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Henry Sieber, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in the use of oils or fats either separately or
mixed, whether of mineral, vegetable, or animal origin, and whether
these oils or fats be obtained by the usual means of extracting, or
obtained (when they are called fatty acids) from the soaps in the trade,
or from the manufacture of candies, or from other combinations of fats
and oils, or from the waste soap liquors of calico printers, cotton and
silk dyers, woollen scourings, and emulsions of Turkey red dyes, and all
oils and fats that have been treated by any chemical agent whatever,
such as chlorine, bromine, iodine, and others, or whether they be olcic,
margaric, stearic acids, or these combined with any alkalies, either
mineral or organic, or any other saponifiable metallic oxides. With any
or a mixture of any of the above oils or fats or fatty acids treated by
some of the methods herein-after described I manufacture a mordant
which I call oleate of tin, if made with a salt of tin or its oxides; olcate
of alumina, if made with a salt of alumina or its oxides; oleate of tin and
alumina, if these two be mixed.
These mordants or oleates are used as mordants for printing and
dyeing yarns, and fabrics of cotton, linen, wool, silk, and mixed fabrics,
and the fibres also of the before mentioned fabrics in the state before
spinning with any colouring matter or dye stuff, whether of organic or
mineral origin.
The above-mentioned oils and fats are submitted to the action of
mineral acids or any other acids, either separately or mixed, and either
in a concentrated or diluted state, with or without the help of heat,
according to the nature or quality of the oils or fats used. The acids
thus incorporated are subsequently neutralised by a mineral or organic
alkali, or an alkaline carbonate, or by other means, or by washing.
When the acids used are neutralised, as stated, the salt or solution of
salt formed is removed or left, according to the nature of oils or
fats.
To separate the acid used in the treatment of oils or fats, instead of

page_text: carbonate, I have found that a solution of chloride of sodium or chloride
of potassium is very advantageous.
To obtain the oleate of tin I use the oils or fats treated by acids, to
which (whether they have been washed or neutralised, as before men-
tioned) I add a quantity of a mineral or organic alkali or alkaline
carbonates sufficient to saponify these oils or fats, and to dissolve the
hydrates of oxide of tin in whatever state the oxides of tin may be. I
prefer to use the hydrate of tin, but use also the dry oxides of tin or
metallic tin in a state of great division.
According to the quantity of alkalies or alkaline carbonates that I
have added to the oils and fats treated by acids, instead of using metallic
țin or tin oxide hydrates, I also use salts of tin, whether the acid of it be
of organic or mineral origin.
I also obtain oleate of tin by adding a quantity of stannate of soda or
of stannate of potash, having added a quantity of an organic or mineral
alkali, or an alkaline carbonate to the oils or fats which have been sub-
mitted to the action of acids.
I also obtain oleate of tin by using oils and fats or any oleic acids not
having undergone the action of acids, or I use the fatty oils described
above.
I then saponify these, and leave a sufficient quantity of mineral 2
or organic alkalics or alkaline carbonates, and treat these in the manner
described when using acidified oils or fatty acids, and use the same
oxides of tin or salts of tin, alkaline salts of tin, or powdered metallic
tin.
According to the qualities or nature of the oils and fats to be operated 2
upon I have recourse to the agency of heat, but in some cases heat may
be dispensed with.
(
I obtain the oleate of alumina by the same manner and methods, and
use the same oils and fats as described for the oleates of tin, but instead
of using metallic tin in a powdered state, tin oxides in the dry or hydrated a
state, or salts of tin, or alkaline tin salts, I use aluminium or the oxides
of alumina in the dry or hydrated state, the salts of alumina or the
alkaline salts of alumina.
I obtain the oleate of tin and alumina by mixing the oleate of tin and
the oleate of alumina in divers proportions, according to the colours I
intend to dye or print.

page_text: I prepare also oleate of tin and alumina by direct means and by the
above methods in the proportions of tin and alumina required.
In some cases, and according to the styles and colours wanted I add
to the oleates above described chlorate of potash or chlorate of ammonia.
In some cases I form an oleate of tin or an oleate of alumina or of
both directly on the fibre, yarn, or fabric by treating them with an
emulsion or a solution of oleic acid, to which I add, according to the
colour required, chlorate of potash or chlorate of ammonia, or I use also
a solution of soap. I fix these on the fibres, yarns, or fabrics by heat or
other means, afterwards submitting the so prepared fibre, yarn, or fabric
either to the action of stannate of soda or potash, or aluminate of soda
or potash, or other salts of tin and oxides of tin and alumina, and fix
them by the means known to calico printers and dyers. Reversing this
I also form an oleate of tin, an oleate of alumina, or both on the fibres,
yarns, and fabrics by treating them with stannate of soda or potash,
fixing these by the known means, and afterwards submitting the so
prepared fibres, yarns, or fabrics to an emulsion bath of oils treated by
acids, or to a soap bath, and then washing off the excess of soap, or I
pass the fibres, yarns, or fabrics through a solution of aluminate of soda
and stannate of tin, and fix these by the means known to calico printers
and dyers, and submit the fibres, yarns, or fabrics to an emulsion bath
of oils treated by acids, or also to a soap bath.
For some styles of prints or dyes I use the oleate of lime cither alone
or with the olcates of tin or alumina, and fix by the means known to
dyers and calico printers.
I also use as a mordant for printing and dyeing the oils above
described and treated by acids, and add boiling water to these oils, so long
as it is required to climinate or separate the acids, which is known by
testing with blue litmus paper. These oils are then saponified so as to
form an emulsion, through which the fibres, yarns, or fabrics are taken,
the excess pressed or wrung out. The emulsion is then dried in the
fibres, yarns, and fabrics; this operation is repeated again, and the
emulsion fixed by a weak acid; the fibres, yarns, and fabrics are then
washed, and when dryed or wet mordanted with an alumina mordant.
The proportions of the ingredients used in the various processes must
be varied according to the colour to be produced and to the nature or
quality of the oils or fats employed.

page_text: Having thus described the nature and particulars of the Invention
partly communicated to me by the within-named Louis Gonin, I declare
that I claim as my improvements in printing and dyeing, the mode of
producing the direct mordants of oleates of tin, oleates of alumina, or
oleates of tin and of alumina, obtained by the means or methods above
described; the additions of chlorate of potash or chlorate of ammonia
to these mordants, and the formation on the fibres, yarns, or fabrics of
an oleate of tin or of an oleate of alumina, or an oleate of tin and
alumina, and the use of an emulsion made with oils treated by acids,
and fixed to serve as a mordant either alone for sundry colours, or as
base for sundry mordants found necessary to obtain certain colours and
sundry styles in printing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Henry Sieber, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
CHARLES H. SIEBER. (L.S.)