matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS, AND WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Keppie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1880.
PETER KEPPIE, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS, AND WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS FOR THE
SAME."
་
This Invention relates to certain improvements in water closets, and in apparatus
for regulating the supply of water to the same, which improvements are specially
designed to simplify and reduce the cost of the closets and apparatus by dispensing
with the usual trunk, pan, and handle, and other fittings, and rendering the
flushing of the closets automatic and more perfect, whilst effectually preventing
generation or escape of gas.
By one improvement of this Invention the closet basin, with the inlet and
overflow horn, are made of delf, and the basin is directly fitted and attached by
simple luting over the trap bend of the soil pipe without an intervening trunk and
corresponding fittings, and the bend is made of delf, lead, or fireclay, and fitted to
rest on a bracket below the basin.
By another improvement the seat. of the closet is hinged and held up by a spring
or counter-balancing weight in its normal position a short distance above the front
panel of the closet, on which it rests when the seat is used, and the act of depressing
the seat by the person using the closet is made the means of opening a valve to
fill a compartment of the tank supplying the water for the flushing operation.
For this purpose a bell crank or other lever is acted on by the seat when depressed,
and through a wire and series of bell cranks a long weighted beam lever centred
on a partition dividing the water cistern into two compartments is depressed at
its outer end, and thereby lowers a valve, closing the discharge outlet in one
compartment to the closet. The same action of this valve lever, by means of a
wire at its inner weighted end, lifts and opens a valvo in the large inlet water
compartment, which allows a portion of the water in it to pass through to the
smaller outlet compartment untill the level is equal in both; then when the seat
rises after use, the pressure on the first of the series of bell cranks and on the
weighted valve lever is relieved, and the valve lever oscillates on its centre to shut
the valve and close the communication between the compartments of the water
cistern, and at the same time open the outlet valve to flush the closet, whereby the
whole of the water in the outlet compartment of the cistern is discharged at each
[Price 271

page_text: operation, and the soil is ejected from the trap bend with sufficient force to leave
it filled with fresh water. When the seat is again used the smaller compartment
of the cistern is filled as before described, and the same series of operations
repeated, the larger compartment of the cistern being supplied from an ordinary
service pipe regulated by a float valve, as is usual in water cisterns, and the water 5
in this cistern not being in communication with the soil pipe in any way, may be
used as the domestic water supply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS, CORSETS, OR BODY BELTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Deguingand at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1880. [A communication from
abroad by Ulricht Vivien, junior, of Bar-le-Duc, in the Republic of France.]
EMILE DEGUINGAND, of Berners Street, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS, CORSETS, OR BODY BELTS." [A communication from
abroad by Ulricht Vivien, junior, of Bar-le-Duc, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention relates to improvements in stays, corsets, or body belts.
According to this Invention I attach, by weaving, stitching, or other means, one
or more on each side of the stay, corset, or body belt, binders or flaps of any suitable
material (elastic or non elastic) so that they may be fastened behind the body and
drawn in or adjusted as desired by lacing, buckle, or other means. This enables
the lower part of the stay, corset, or body belt, especially that portion over the
abdomen, to be readily and nicely adjusted to the figure, or so as to improve the
figure, and at the same time give support.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS AND VARICOCELE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Richard Alexander Douglas, of Hounslow, in
the County of Middlesex, Surgeon, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED
INSTRUMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS AND VARICOCELE,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Richard Alexander
Douglas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December
1880.
JAMES RICHARD ALEXANDER DOUGLAS, of Hounslow, in the County of Middlesex,
Surgeon. "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF VARICOSE VEINS
AND VARICOCELE,"
My Invention relates to a new or improved surgical instrument for, the almost
painless treatment of diseased veins in their variations, as well as the instant control
of hemorrhage.
2
4
My instrument, is composed of needle attached by the eye to a plate, which
may be of horn, of steel, or of other suitable flexible material or materials, and
which carries also a brooch like hook to secure the point of the needle and keep up
the pressure. To this may be added a spring for the purpose of producing more
pressure upon the vessels.
The needle is passed under the vein or veins and pressure made on the surface
by the plate or plates.

page_text: I claim as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. In an instrument for the treatment of varicose veins and varicocele, the
plate A in combination with the needle B arranged to operate substantially as
herein before described.
Secondly. In an instrument for the treatment of varicose veins and varicocele
having the plate A and needle B, the plate E to give increased pressure,
substantially as described.
Thirdly. In an instrument for the treatment of varicose veins and varicocele
having the plate A and needle B, and with or without the plate E, the screw G
arranged to operate substantially as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Richard Alexander Douglas, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEATING AND ILLUMINATING GASES, IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR THE INCANDESCENCE OF THE SAID GASES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alfred Stephan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1880.
JOHN ALFRED STEPHAN, of Worcester, in the County of Worcester, Chemist.
"IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEATING AND ILLUMINATING GASES,
IN THE APPARATUS TO BE USED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE, AND THE MEANS
EMPLOYED FOR THE INCANDESCENCE OF THE SAID GASES."
I take solid sewage matters after filtration from their fluids and mixed or not
with ashes or cinders, as the case may be, and heat the same in retorts formed of
iron encased with fire clay, or brick set in fire clay to a red heat; I then pass over
the heated matters the steam from other similar retorts in course of action, and also
from boilers which are heated by the operation of cooling the gases; these boilers
are constructed with an internal lining consisting of a worm or coil of tubing
through which the gases pass from the retorts; the coil is surrounded by water
which the gas in the pipes beats, and thus producing steam by boiling the water;
this operation goes on through a series of boilers, the steam being conveyed from
these boilers back to the retorts for conversion into gas. The apparatus for
incandescence consists of a material which by preference may be a composition of
asbestos, magnesia, and whiting made into a plastic state with a solution of nitrate
of potash; this composition is formed into cones or burners of a knife edge form,
which may be arranged on tubes of similar composition; these tubes convey the gas
to the cones or burners heating them to incandescence, and causing them to einit
light and heat. Air being introduced under the same pressure as the gas raises the
incandescence; the same means of incandescence may be employed with coal_gas_or
other gas containing hydrogen by a similar introduction of air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel William Worssam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1880. (Partly
a communication from abroad by Rudolph Witte, of Delft, in the Netherlands.)
SAMUEL WILLIAM WORSSAM, of Oakley Works, King's Road, Chelsea, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAWING MACHINES." (Partly
a communication from abroad by Rudolph Witte, of Delft, in the Netherlands.)
This Invention has for object improvements in sawing machines. According to
it the machines are made duplex, so as to give two cuts during one passage of the
log or piece of timber operated upon.
In the arrangement, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, two
endless band saws are arranged respectively at opposite sides of suitable uprights,
each such saw travelling round and between a couple of wheels whose axes are
carried by a cross slide or frame adjustable vertically on the uprights. This cross
slide or vertically adjustable frame also carries guides, between which passes and
is guided the lower portion of the band saw, travelling between the two wheels.
Logs or pieces of timber to be cut pass between these guides on a travelling
carriage. The two saws are arranged to cut in different planes, so that at one
passage the log or piece of timber may be divided into three pieces. The vertical
adjustment of the cross slides or frames carrying the wheels and their saws may
be effected by screws operated through bevel gear, and the cross shafts connecting
the two vertical adjusting screws of each saw may be geared together so as to
simultaneously adjust the two saws. The distance apart of the two wheels carrying
cach saw is adjustable.
It will be obvious that the parts may be so arranged as to work vertically instead
of horizontally, as above referred to.
My modification is a horizontal machine in which two straight saws having
reciprocating motion are so arranged as to simultaneously give two cuts.
The saws are so mounted as to have a slight swaying motion obtained by
mounting the swing frames which carry them on slides working in angularly placed
guides.
A NEW REVOLVING LIQUOR, FRUIT, AND CONFECTIONERY STAND, AND FOR CONTAINING HOT AND COLD WATER INTENDED FOR USE OF PUBLIC HOUSES AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Seelig at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1880.
JOHN SEELIG, of 20, Bevis Marks, St. Mary Axe, in the City of London.
"A NEW REVOLVING LIQUOR, FRUIT, AND CONFECTIONERY STAND, AND FOR
CONTAINING HOT AND COLD WATER INTENDED FOR USE OF PUBLIC HOUSES
AND OTHER PLACES."
According to the present Invention the stem of stand is formed of metal or other
suitable material. A tube is fixed in the foot of stand round which revolves frames
or trays containing the bottles for the various liquors that may be required, formed
either of glass or metal, to which are fixed taps to enable the liquors to be drawn
therefrom.
The frames may be either three or more in number.
The whole design is intended to represent an epergne, and may be fashioned in
any design according to taste. The upper frame is intended to contain hot and
cold water. The centre pipe, which acts as pivot, also serves to supply heat by
means of gas or spirit to the water contained therein. The whole is surmounted
by a chased tray or dish which may be filled with flowers or fruit according to
fancy.
A NEW MODE OF MAKING IRON FENDERS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Roberts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1880. A communication from
abroad by Eusebia Lasius, of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States of
America.
ROBERT ROBERTS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"A NEW MODE OF MAKING IRON FENDERS.". [A communication from abroad by
Eusebia Lasius, of Jersey City, New Jersey, United States of America.]
In making iron fenders according to the said Invention the scroll or ornamental
work forming the front and sides of the fender is not cast in one piece in sand
moulds as usual, but is cast in several separate pieces in iron or chill moulds. The
top bead of the fender is provided with two flanges which are closed by pressure
upon the upper part of the scroll or ornamental work. The lower bead is made
separately. The several parts described, together with the bottom of the fender,
are mounted on a frame and are connected and formed into a fender by junction
pieces of cast iron cast on the opposed edges of the contiguous pieces, and joining
the said pieces together. These junction pieces are cast in chills or iron moulds.
By the said Invention skilled labour is to a large extent dispensed with, and
material is economized in the manufacture of iron fenders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASSES FOR GAS OR OIL LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Webb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1880.
EDWARD WEBB, of Alfred Place, Bedford Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GLASSES FOR GAS OR OIL LAMPS."
This Invention consists of a glass so shaped as to provide at the under part
ingress for atmospheric air, of rather larger dimensions than the space at the upper
part thereof for the escape of the heated air.
The form of the glass is an important feature in the Invention, for, whereas the
usual lamp glasses are in form either globular or in the form of a basin, thus leaving
the flame without proper control; the glass now under consideration is made circular
at its base, in order that it may fit all existing gas fittings, and is gradually tapered
and brought to a flat aperture at the top, by which means a flat current of air is
made to act on the flat flame, thereby causing a large & perfect comsumption of
oxygen, and materially lessening the escape of carbon, and subjecting the Hamne to
complete control, culminating in a motionless brilliant light of greatly increased
illuminating power.
The Invention applies not only to the fish tail gas burner and the bats wing
burner, but also to the flat wick flame of the paraffin burner, and all flat flames
whatsoever, whether single or duplex, and is designed for use in shops, private
houses, street lamps, railway carriages, and stations, and for all purposes of
illumination where a flat flame is used.
The material used for this purpose may be ordinary transparent or opaque glass,
or other suitable more or less transparent material, either plain, or ornamental, or
tinted, or treated in any known manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING SHUTTERS AND APPLIANCES FOR AUTOMATICALLY LUBRICATING THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stones and Thomas Kirby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1880.
JOHN STONES, of Ulverston, and THOMAS KIRBY, of Barrow in Furness, both in
the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING SHUTTERS AND
APPLIANCES FOR AUTOMATICALLY LUBRICATING THE SAME."
IN
The main object of this Invention is to provide efficient means of lubrication for
the "ends" of the roller or shaft on which the shutter coils, or for the lubrication of
the spring box or roller or for the parts connected therewith.
As applied to new revolving shutters, say, of the construction in which the
"ends" are each formed with a projecting spiral rim working in a tooth rack, and
where the gudgeon of the shaft runs on a bed as the shutter coils or uncoils, we
form or fit each "end" with a chamber for containing the lubricant; where space
is of importance, we make this chamber of a form suitable for the shutter to coil on,
that is, with a spiral outline and a set off equal to the thickness of the shutter.
From this lubricating chamber we lead a small pipe or conduit to a small hole in
the end wall of the "end." The pipe and the hole should be so proportioned that
for every revolution of the shutter shaft only a very small quantity, or say a drop,
should escape by the exit hole; the latter may be fitted with a wick; the oil drops
on to the spiral rim and on to the gudgeon; there is a filling hole closed by a plug.
By this automatic lubrication we ensure the easy working and diminished wear of
the ends and parts connected therewith.
As applied to existing shutters we fit the shaft with an oil chamber at the inner
side of each "end."
Shutters of other construction may also be fitted or formed with our oil chamber
and lubricated automatically thereby.
Another mode of lubrication is to fit or form the end brackets or fixed parts
carrying the shutter shaft or spring box with an oil chamber provided with an exit
pipe, the outlet end of which is placed conveniently for the part to be lubricated, and
may be fitted with a wick which each time some part of the revolving shutter
roller end, bracket, chain, or spring box comes in contact therewith, wipes off or
releases a drop of oil which then drops on to the part to be lubricated. Or a small
plunger or pusher similarly actuated, say by some part of the shutter itself, may be
caused periodically to force out or release a certain small quantity of oil.

page_text: Where
In connection with the means above described for lubricating revolving shutters,
we make the shutter shaft in the form of a square bar of wood or iron and fit the
"ends" thereon, so that the shutters rest on the ends or oil chambers.
intermediate supports are needed for wide shutters they can be used as oil chambers;
we provide the shaft at such places with one or more spiral shaped discs with set
off for the thickness of the shutter.
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES BY MECHANICAL PRESSURE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorontz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1880. A communi-
cation from abroad by Aug. Gillon, Professor in the School of Mines at
Liège.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTI, K.G.V., Civil Engineer, and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm, L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Pavement, and 20, Forhaabningsholms Allee, Copenhagen.
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING METALS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES BY MECHANICAL
PRESSURE." A communication from abroad by Aug. Gillon, Professor in the School
of Mines at Liège.
The object of this Invention is the application of a mechanical pressure, which is
very powerful, for the purpose of moulding such matters as cast iron, steel, zinc,
copper, pewter, and so forth, and also for the production of considerable pressure
to bo, exerted upon theso said metals, after moulding, but while they are still in
fusion.
"
The apparatus to be employed for this purpose is constructed as follows:-
A reservoir or cylinder made of iron or steel, and, when necessary, lined with
refractory materials, is provided with a piston connected with a second one, which
may be put in motion by hydraulic pressure, steam, or any other motive power.
The melted metal is poured into the said reservoir or cylinder through a funnel,
and then is driven or compressed by the pressure exercised by the piston into the
moulds.
The moulds and pipes are made of two pieces joined by means of a cramping frame,
and may also be lined with refractory materials.
The moulds may be vertical, inclined, or horizontal. When the moulds is filled
with melted metal it is closed by means of a cover and then the pressure will bo
continued. The pressure will produce upon the metal the same effect as that of a
powerful hammer. When the metal is solidified the moulds will be dismounted in
order to remove the moulded article.
AN IMPROVED BOX IRON
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Murdoch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1880.
ANDREW MURDOCH, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED BOX IRON."
The object of this Invention is to provide a box iron which shall be more easily
handled and be more evenly and perfectly heated than the box irons now generally
used.
My improved iron is heated by a heater of suitable size and shape, and similar
for the most part to the heaters generally used, except that in mine a hole or
aperture is left at or near its centre. The box of my improved iron is provided
with certain ridges, or supports cast on its inner bottom side or plate, and these are
of such a size, and are so arranged that the heat is diffused equally over the whole
of the working surface of the iron.
To the centre (or other convenient part) of the inner side or plate of the bottom
of the box I attach a suitable stud or pillar, sufficiently long to pass through and
above a hole or aperture made to receive it in the top or cover of the box iron.
A groove is made in or around the upper part of this stud or pillar, and in
this groove a catch of any convenient kind is made to take.
When it is desired to heat my improved iron the hot heater is inserted
within the box, and the top or cover being placed in position it is held securely
upon the body of the box by the catch hereinbefore described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADLOCKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th August 1880.
A communication from W. E. Miksch, of Leitmeritz, Bohemia, in the Austro
Hungarian Empire.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipziger Strasse, Berlin, in the German Empire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADLOCKS." A communication from W. E. Miksch, of
Leitmeritz, Bohemia, in the Austro Hungarian Empire.
દા
The Invention relates to an improved construction of padlocks, and consists,
first, in making the casing horse shoe shaped, and providing it with a sliding bolt,
the ends of which are hidden in the two shanks of the casing.
Also, in the peculiar manner of opening the lock and the shape of the key, one
end of the bolt being screwed or otherwise fastened in a cover plate or slide at the
(narrow) side of the casing, which cover plate is provided with a tongue projecting
into the interior of the hollow casing (preferably near the bottom of the latter), and
having two springs attached right and left to the inner (or free) end of the tongue,
and flaring outward horizontally, so that the free ends of the springs nearly touch
the inside of the casing (right and left of the narrow cover plate or slide), and
prevent the withdrawal of the coverplate and tongue when the springs are not
sufficiently pressed together by a special key, to pass through the lateral opening of
the casing.
The inside of the hollow casing has a partition connecting the flat sides of the
casing, and provided with a hole for introducing the forked end of a key into the
compartment containing the tongue, while the compartment on the other side of
the partition has two openings, one in the base and one (a narrow slit) in the
narrow side, both openings being covered with moveable slides.
The end of the key serving as a handle, is curved to a semicircle, and introduced
with that end through the bottom opening, after the bottom slide has been removed,
the curved end is then made to pass outside through the slit in the side of the
casing, the opposite (forked) end of the key drawn into the casing, and made to
pass through the opening in the partition, so as to reach the two springs and
compress them. The casing is preferably made of cast metal, and the shape of the
key may be modified; the three openings through which it has to pass being
modified acccordingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL AND SPIRIT LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1880.
WILLIAM GREEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Timber Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL AND SPIRIT LAMPS."
This Invention has for its object the prevention of the spilling of the oil or spirit
if the lamp be upset, and consists in attaching to the cone of lamps a tube passing
down into the reservoir containing the oil or spirit; this tube being made by
preference tapering in form, or the reservoir may be itself constructed with the
upper portion turning down into its own body so as to form the reservoir and the
tube in one piece.
By this arrangement of constructing a tube within the reservoir, not only will
the contents thereof be retained without spilling, but the lighted wick will continue
burning while the lamp is in its fallen position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AËRATED BEVERAGES AND IN METHODS OF PREPARING THEM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Welton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1880.
Thomas Welton, of 40, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AËRATED BEVERAGES AND IN METHODS OF PREPARING
THEM."
This Invention relates to beverages aërated with a gas, and used for medicinal
or nutritive purposes, or as refreshment. I take an infusion of ordinary malt
prepared in the usual well understood way, or of the substance well known as
maltine, a preparation obtained by the evaporation in vacuo of infusion of malt,
and I charge or impregnate the said infusion with nitrogen gas under a sufficiently
heavy pressure by means of pumps and other apparatus, such as are ordinarily
used in the impregnation of mineral waters with carbonic acid gas. The infusion
of malt or of maltine, as described, may be of any desired strength, and the nitrogen
gas may be forced into it and mixed with it at any desired pressure, and I store
the mixture so prepared in bottles or other vessels corked and secured in the usual
way. The beverage thus prepared possesses great nutritive properties from
malt contained in it, and the benefit derived from it is increased by the presence
of the. nitrogen gas with which it is mixed, and the presence of which prevents
fermentation or decomposition.
Instead of an infusion containing malt, as described, the nitrogen gas may be
applied under pressure to other beverages, such as the juices of fruits. Instead of
nitrogen gas, as above described, or in addition to such nitrogen gas, I sometimes
add in the same way ozone or ozonized air prepared in any of the well known
methods. The nitrogen gas used in the way and for the purpose above described
may be prepared by any of the well known methods ordinarily used. For instance,
it may be prepared by passing ordinary atmospheric air through a heated pipe or
vessel containing fragments of metallic copper.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER METERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reinhold Schloesser at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th June 1880. (A communication
from abroad by Messrs. Dreyer, Rosenkranz, and Droop, of Hanover.)
REINHOLD SCHLOESSER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER METERS." (A communication from abroad
by Messrs. Dreyer, Rosenkranz, and Droop, of Hanover.)
The improved water-meter consists principally of a circular shallow vessel in
which is placed centrally a vertical spindle, which is so mounted as to be capable
of revolving, and which is provided with six horizontal arms. Three of these
arms carry small wings or vanes, and as the water flows through the vessel in
passing from the inlet to the outlet the fluid pressure carries these vanes with it
liko floating bodies, and the other three form the stops between the inlet and
outlet passages.
•
The vanes or wings hang loosely on the arms and move in a circular channel
formed in the vessel, in which channel they nearly fit so as to have very little play
but no friction against the sides, and the result is that of a revolving piston
working in the circular recess or channel without any friction.
The circular channel is provided with a fixed stop or partition at one side, so
that the water in passing from the inlet to the outlot is compelled to take one
particular course or direction.
The wings or vanes swing loosely upon their respective arms, and in front of the
fixed stop or partition is fixed an inclined plane, so that they are caused to rise up
and pass over this fixed atop or partition as they revolve, and the other three arms
aro so formed as to just fill up the space between the top of the partition and the
lid or cover of the vessel, so that, as before stated, they form stops between the
inlet and outlet passages.
The revolving spindle is in direct communication with transmitting gear in a
case above, which in turn gives motion to the counting apparatus, which latter
indicates (by several points on a dial) the number of gallons of water which pass
through the circular channel from the inlet to the outlet.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILISING THE HEAT CONTAINED IN WASTE AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th January 1880. A communication
from abroad by Leonhard Wollheim, of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILISING THE
HEAT CONTAINED IN WASTE AND OTHER PRODUCTS OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES.”
[A communication from abroad by Leonhard Wollheim, of Vienna, in the
Austrian Empire.]
This Invention has for its object to utilize the heat contained in the ores, slag,
metal, or other products after these have been subjected to a considerable degree
of heat during smelting or other metallurgical processes, which heat has heretofore
been allowed to go to waste. For this purpose air, gas, water, or other fluid is led
in contact with such products, metals or materials, after these have left the furnace,
so as to take up the heat therefrom, the slag, metal, or other product being caused
to pass into closed receptacles or chambers, and the air, gas, or other fluid being
either brought immediately in contact there with inside the said receptacles or
conducted through passages or flues surrounding or passing through the same.
The supply of heated air or other gas thus produced is then utilised either for
maintaining combustion in metallurgical or other furnaces, or for other purposes
for which heated gases may be employed, and if water or other liquid be employed
as the heat absorbing medium, such heated liquid may be used for heating or other
purposes, or the steam or vapour engendered therefrom may be employed for
working the steam or vapour engines employed on the works.
Thus by utilizing the large quantities of heat that are ordinarily allowed to go
to waste in smelting and other metallurgical works, a great saving may be effected
in the fuel employed in carrying on the various processes at such works.
When it is desired to regain the said waste heat as completely as possible and to
utilize it at once in obtaining a heated fluid of definite temperature, this may be
effected in various ways, such as by employing for heating a certain volume of the
air or other fluid larger or smaller quantities of the heated products, or by mixing
with products at a low temperature other products at a higher temperature before
causing the fluid to pass in contact therewith, or separate supplies of fluid may be
made to take up the heat from the different products, and these supplies at different
temperatures be then brought together in larger reservoirs so as in mingling to
render the whole body more or less uniform, before passing to the locality or
localities where the heat is to be utilized. Or again, the whole body of fluid may
be made first to take up the heat from the products that have a low degree of heat
and then to pass in contact with those heated to a higher degree.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER AND ALLOYS OF Copper
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wilkes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1880.
JOHN WILKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES OF COPPER AND ALLOYS OF
Copper."
My Invention has reference to such tubes of copper and alloys of copper as are
made from cast hollow ingots, and commonly called seamless tubes.
In making tubes of copper and alloys of copper according to my Invention I
proceed as follows:-I cast a hollow ingot having the figure of a short thick tube
of a nearly elliptical internal figure in cross section and a nearly similar external
figure; externally however the figure of the short hollow ingot is not strictly
elliptical, the ellipse at the ends of its longest diameter terminating in rect-
angular webs or fins having a thickness of metal double that of the other parts of
the tube.
I operate several times upon this elliptical tube by means of rolls and a mandril,
the action of the said rolls and mandril reducing the thickness of the metal and
elongating the tube until the metal is reduced to the thickness or nearly the
thickness it is intended the finished tube shell have. I then operate upon this
tube by means of rolls, compressing it in the direction of its longest diameter, and
thereby giving it the figure of a cylindrical or nearly cylindrical tube with external
longitudinal webs or fins at opposite points. Or instead of using rolls I produce
the change of figure described by means of direct pressure. I next operate upon
the partially formed tube by means of rolls and a mandril, the rolls in this case
gripping the webs or fins, and and by their hold upon the said webs or fins drawing
the tube on the mandril and thereby perfecting its internal figure. The webs or pins
may now be cut off, and if it is desired to give a finish to the tube externally it
may be drawn through a draw plate; or where required the external webs or pins
described may be left on the tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ZINC
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warne Chenhall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1880.
JAMES WARNE CHENHALL, of Morriston, in the County of Glamorgan, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ZINC."
My improvement relates to the mode of construction of the retorts or distillatory
apparatus used in the manufacture of zinc. Instead of the ordinary Silesian retort,
or the Belgian retort, each closed at one end, and placed either horizontally or with
an inclination downwards towards the mouth, I employ earthen retorts or tubes
open at each extremity, and capable of being closed by moveable stoppers. I place
these retorts in a vertical position in the furnace, the extremities being accessible
from without, above or from beneath the furnace bed. Near to the upper extremity
of each retort is adapted an earthen branch tube for conveying the vapours of
metallic zinc into the ordinary condensing pipes outside the furnace.
In carrying out the process of manufacturing zinc by means of the retorts herein
described, the retorts are heated to the usual degree, and the bottom stoppers being
secured and luted, the mixture of calcined ore and coal is introduced through the
upper extremity at the top of the furnace; this being done, the upper mouth piece
is adapted and luted.
When the distillation of zinc is complete, both stoppers are withdrawn, the residue
in the retort is pushed downwards through the lower extremity which is afterwards
again closed, and the retort is refilled from above.
An important advantage presented by the use of my improved retort consists in
its being adapted for the use in making zinc of zinc ores which contain a
considerable admixture of lead. Such ores are very objectionable for working by
means of ordinary retorts placed horizontally or inclined downwards towards the
mouth, as the lead material causes rapid wear of the retorts.
By my improvement the contact of the lead material with the sides of the retort
is greatly reduced, and metallic lead falls towards the bottom stopper, where it may
accumulate without injury to the retort.
A NEW OR IMPROVED EXPANSION VALVE FOR STEAM ENGINES, AND OTHER LIKE MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Cranstoun at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1880.
GEORGE CRANSTOUN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mechanical
Engineer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED EXPANSION VALVE FOR STEAM ENGINES, AND
OTHER LIKE MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
My Invention consists of an expansion valve for steam engines and other like
motive power engines, that is, motive power engines essentially resembling steam
engines, but worked by gases or vapours other than steam; the parts of the said
valve being constructed, combined, and operating as hereinafter described.
The expansion valve constituting my invention is worked by the governor of
the engine, and regulates the speed of the engine by shutting off steam more or
less at the slide valve instead of by operating on a throttle valve in the steam
pipe.
In the steam chest are two oblong plates symmetrically situated on each side
of the middle of the slide valve on the outer face of which they rest. These
plates are somewhat longer and broader than the ports or steam ways in the
slide valve. These plates are capable of simultaneously approaching to or receding
from one another, their motion being effected by the governor. They are
connected to the governor by means of a collar on the spindle of the governor
links jointed to the said plates, being jointed to opposite sides of the said collar.
By the rising or falling of the said collar the connecting links are brought either
into the same line or made to incline to one another after the manner of a toggle
joint, the plates approaching each other as the angle diminishes which the links
form with one another, and separating as the angle formed by the links increases.
The action of the parts is as follows:-When by the excessive pressure of the
steam or otherwise the engine acquires a speed greater than its normal speed the
action of the governor balls causes the collar to which the links are jointed to
advance in the direction proper to separate the plates, the ports of the slide valve
are by its motion brought under the said plates, and more or less covered thereby.
The passage of the steam is thus obstructed, and the speed of the engine is
diminished. On the contrary, when the speed of the engine falls below the normal
speed the plates approach each other, and the ports of the slide valve during its.
motion are either wholly uncovered by the said plates or covered only to a very
limited extent.
IN GLOVE FASTENINGS."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Hambridge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1880.
HERBERT HAMBRIDGE, of Yeovil, in the County of Somerset.
IN GLOVE FASTENINGS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to improvements in glove fasteners of the kind which
consist of a pair of arms united by a rule joint at one end, and extending along
either side of the slit of the glove, the joint being situated at the palm or bottom
end of the slit, and the free ends at the top or wrist end. These fasteners have
hitherto been kept closed by a spring on the one arm acting on a shoulder on the
joint end of the other arm like a penknife joint, but this spring is liable to get
out of order, or from other cause to fail to keep the glove closed.
My Invention consists, first, in applying a connecting bar or link to the free ends
of the arms by which they are securely held together, the bar or link. being
permanently attached to the one arm, and engaging with a spring catch, stud, or
other form of fastening on the other arm.
The Invention also consists in so applying the spring which acts on a shoulder
at the joint of the arms that it will tend to make them separate slightly when the
connecting bar or link is unfastened, the spring ceasing, however, to exert any
action when the arms are wide open so as to leave them quite free.
The connecting bar may be rigidly fixed to and project at right angles from the
one arm, and terminate in a bevelled or other catch or lug, which engages with a
spring plate enclosed in a suitable case on the other arm, and provided with a
button or knob, by pressing on which it may be disengaged from the bar. Or the
bar might terminate in a button head, and engage in a button hole or other alot in
a spring sliding plate, or be otherwise secured by a suitable fastening. Or the
connecting link may be jointed to one arm and have a hole engaging on a stud on
the other arm.
My Invention consists, 2ndly, in making the fastener of a single piece of steel
wire instead of making it of two rigid arms jointed together.
The wire is bent into the form of a coil or bow in lieu of the joint to give the
necessary elasticity to permit of the limbs of the fastener being closed together or
separated, and the limbs are provided with a connecting link to lock them together
as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING OR WARMING BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Chenevix French at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1880.
FREDERIC CHENEVIX FRENCH, Lieutenant-Colonel 20th Hussars, at present of
Newbridge, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING OR WARMING
BOOTS AND SHOES."
My Invention relates to a light portable apparatus for the purpose of effectually
drying or warming all kinds of shooting, riding, or walking boots and shoes without
the risk or scorching or otherwise injuring the leather as when directly exposed to
the heat of a fire.
My improved apparatus consists of a flexible water tight vessel in the form of a
sock or stocking constructed as hereafter mentioned, which is to be inserted in the
damp boot or shoe to be dried, and then filled with hot water.
The vessel is made of vulcanised indiarubber enclosed in an outer jacket or sock
of thick flannel or other suitable absorbent fabric or material, which may or may
not be cemented to the indiarubber lining. The vessel is made approximately of
the form and size of the interior of an ankle boot, a knee boot, or a shoe, as the
case may be, and is closed at top and provided with a mouth piece closed by a
stopper or screw cap. This mouth piece may be enclosed by an indiarubber funnel
rising a few inches above it for convenience of filling.
The vessel, although necessarily flexible in order that it may be readily inserted
in the boot, and also in order that it may be collapsed and packed away in a small
compass when not in use, need not however necessarily be elastic, as it is not
required to stretch or expand, so as to conform accurately to the interior of the
boot. When the apparatus has been inserted in the damp boot or shoe and filled
with hot water the outer jacket of flannel heated by the water quickly absorbs the
moisture in the leather, which is thus dried uniformly and from the inside, which
is a great advantage, as the surface next the foot of the wearer will not fail to be
thoroughly dry in a very short time. Moreover the heat of the water cannot be
so great as to scorch, warp, or stiffen the leather.
This apparatus being very light and portable will be especially useful to sports-
men and to military men, either in the camp, field, or quarters.
APPARATUS FOR SCREENING COAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Beadle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th October 1880.
CHARLES BEADLE, of Erith, in the County of Kent.
APPARATUS FOR SCREENING COAL AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of this Invention is to construct a screen which can quickly and
re adily be changed from one gauge to another, according to the nature or quality
of the material that is being passed over it to be sifted or screened.
For this purpose I form the screening surface of a number of parallel bars, the
ends of which are carried in grooves or guides formed along the ends, or it might
be sides of a frame in such a manner that the bars can be moved, and brought
In order to be able to simul-
nearer to or set further apart from one another.
taneously move all the bars, and uniformly increase or decrease the width of the
spaces between them, I employ bars that have a number of oblong studs projecting up
from them; the studs enter into the spaces between the screen bars, and serve to keep
them at a uniform distance apart from one another. The bars which carry the studs
are carried in such a way that they can be set by gearing either into a position
parallel or nearly so with the sides or ends of the frame, or be turned into positions
at an angle to the frame, all the stud bars being moved simultaneously, so that
when the angle of any one of the bars to the frame is varied the others vary with
it. When the bars which carry the studs are at the greatest angle to the ends of
the frame the parallel screen bars will be nearest to one another, whilst when the
stud bars are turned so as to bring them nearer to positions parallel with the ends
of the frame the bars are moved away from one another; the oblong studs on the
bars are of such a shape that they always bear against the sides of the screen bars,
and hold them securely, whether the spaces between the bars is increased or
decreased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SACCHARIFICATION FOR USE IN BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Vanderghote at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1880.
ALBERT VANDERGHOTE, Manufacturer, of Gland, Belgium. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SACCHARIFICATION FOR USE IN BREWERIES AND DISTILLERIES."
The mechanical saccharificator of my Invention intended principally for use in
breweries and distilleries, has for object to reheat the matters contained in the
mash tub of the brewery, and in the macerator of the distillery, in order to
saccharify them therein.
This apparatus is composed of a tubo upon which is wound a worm or screw
hollow throughout, turning on itself when set in motion by a bevel wheel driven
by another wheel fixed on a vertical shaft, and is carried all round the mash tub
by a pinion running on a rack.
Steam is introduced into a central box, and entering the worm or screw circulates
through it, and issuing therefrom passes out by a hole in the bearing and leaves
the tub at the same time as the condensed waters by a conduit formed in the
thickness of the central box.
The saccharificator used in distilleries is substantially the same as that above
described.