Improvements in Oil Vapour Ejector Lamps for Heating Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: * Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 12th July, 1895-4ccepted, 24th Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil Vapour Ejector Lamps for Heating Purposes.
We; WILLIA BALDERSTON, of Yore-bridge House, Askrigg, and SAMUEL
LANCASTER of Bainbridge, Schoolmaster, both in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists of a vapour jet j and eduction tube T Figs. 1: and 2.
together constituting an ejector, and used for producing the mixture of oil vapour
and atmospheric air consumed by the apparatus. The tube T of the above
described ejector may be detached from the body of the burner B as in Fig. 1.
or it may combine the function of ejector tube and burner as shown at T Fig. 2.
Oil under pressure is continuously forced up the tube plugged by the bundle of
fine wire R into the vaporising chamber which chamber C is formed by
making the wall of the burner B'Figs. 1. and 2. thicker on one side than on
the other to admit of the chamber C being hollowed out of the metal forming
the thicker side; within the chamber C. the volatile oil (petroleum of specific
gravity about 7 or 8) is evaporated by the heat communicated to it through
the walls of the chamber C, the said heat being produced by the combustion
of the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and atmospheric air issuing through
the slits s, and burning on the burner B as in Fig. 1. or burning within the
burner T as in Fig. 2. After vaporisation the vapour is conveyed to the jet j
by the internal tube Figs. 1. and 2. which passes through the chamber C.
The jet Fig. 2. is carried by two legs attached to the lower end of the
burner T one of these legs being hollow for the passage of the vapour. to the
jet j. When once set going the apparatus is automatic in its action.
To set
the apparatus going, i.e. to give the initial heat to the burger B Fig. 1. to
enable it to vaporise the oil when admitted to the chamber C, an auxiliary
lamp, not shown in the drawing, having two short thick wicks, one on each side
of the jet and in position slightly nearer to the body of the burner. B, is
introduced, the fame from, which lamp is urged and directed by an air blast
through the pipe p into and through the burner B, the eduction tube T attached
to the cap closing the end of the burner B being drawn out into the position
shown in dotted lines at T in order to allow the products of combustion from
the said lamp readily to escape; when the burner B is sufficiently heated, the
auxiliary lamp is withdrawn and the cap and tube T returned to its place before
lighting the apparatus; an open cup or well to contain a little oil, made
to fit in the requisite position, may be substituted for the auxiliary lamp, a
fragment or two of paper serving as wick to ignite the oil. In Fig. 2. a little
oil is allowed to run from the jet into the bottom of the hood h, which oil
being ignited by the aid of a fragment or two of paper placed therein, supplies
beat sufficient to start the apparatus. A small perforated door, not shown in
the drawing, closes the upper part of the hood h. The burner B Fig. 1. may
also be made having small holes drilled, through its walls in place of the slits
shown in the drawing. The burner B Fig. 1. may also be lighted in a manner
similar to that described in the case of Fig. 2.
P.
Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section on the plane x y of Fig. 3.

page_text: Fig. 3. is a cross section through x'y' of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4. is a front elevation of Fig. 2. looking down the burner towards the jet.
Fig. 5. is a sectional slice included between the lines a a, b b, of Fig. 2. and
showing the form of the latter.
Dated this 18th day of February 1895.
W. BALDERSTON,
SAMUEL LANCASTER,
Applicants.
Improvements in Oil Vapour Ejector Lamps for Heating Purposes.
We, WILLIAM BALDERSTON, Schoolmaster, of Yore-bridge House, Askrigg,
and SAMUEL LANCASTER, Schoolmaster, of Bainbridge, both in the County of
York do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Our invention consists of a vapour jet ; and eduction tube T Figs. 1 and 2.
Sheets 1. and 2. together constituting an ejector for producing the mixture of oil
vapour and atmospheric air consumed in the apparatus. The tube T of the above
described ejector may combine the functions of ejector tube and burner as in T
Fig. 2 Sheet 2.
Oil under pressure obtained by compressing the air above the oil in the reservoir
of the apparatus by means of an air-compressing syringe or pump P Figs. 1.
and 6. Sheets 1. and 2. respectively; is by the said pressure forced continuously
from the reservoir up the tube R into the vapourising chamber C which chamber C
is formed by making the wall of the burner B Fig. 1., or T Fig. 2, thicker on
one side than on the other to admit of the chamber C being hollowed out of the
metal forming the thickened side. Within the chamber C the volatile oil
(petroleum specific gravity about 7 or 8 where water = = 1) is evaporated by the
beat communicated to it through the walls of the chamber C the said heat being
produced by the combustion of the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon vapour and
atmospheric air issuing from the slits s and burning on the burner B as in Fig. 1.
Sheet 1., or burning within the burner T as in Fig. 2. Sheet 2. After vaporisation
the vapour is in the case of Fig. 2. Sheet 2. conveyed to the jet j by the internal
tube t which passes through the chamber C. The jet j is in the case of Fig. 2
carried by two legs attached to the lower end of the burner T one of these
legs being hollow for the passage of the vapour to the jet j. In order to prevent
regurgitation between the oil in the reservoir of the apparatus and the vapour
passing through the burner of the same the tube R is in each case, Fig. 1. and
Fig. 2, plugged with a roll of wire gauze, annular in the case of Fig. 1. solid in
that of Fig. 2.
To set the apparatus going i.e. to give the initial heat to the burner B Fig. 1.
Sheet 1. to enable it to vaporize the oil when admitted to the chamber C, the
screw S at the end of the reservoir is turned, this closes the aperture a by forcing
the point of the studs attached to the centre of the thin metal diaphragm or
plate d into it. On giving a stroke to the pump P the oil rises from the reservoir
and fills the chamber C escaping by the jet into the well w, as soon as oil is
seen to issue from the jet (the hood h being raised on its hinge and inclined back
over the burner so as to display the jet j. and well w,) the screw S is released, air
now enters from the reservoir through the opening and passing through the
tube p clears out the oil from the chamber C which passing through the jet fills
the well w, a fragment or two of paper or preferably a bit of asbestos yarn being
placed in the well w, a light is applied and the pump P being steadily worked a

page_text: blast of air issues from the jet jurging and directing the flame from wo into and
through the burner B. After working the pump for about a minute the screw S
is quickly closed, and the hood shut down. This causes the stream of air from
the jet to change to one of oil-vapour; the apparatus may now be left to itself
to complete the heating of the burner B which it will do in about two minutes or
it may be left at this stage until the heat is actually required as it will run for
half an hour without injury to itself. When the heat is wanted the screw S is.
again opened when the flame from the jet is blown out by the air now issuing from j
and any flame lingering in the well w is at the same time extinguished; as soon as
this takes place the screw S is finally closed, a light applied to the slits s when
the burner will give a quiet and intense heat which may be raised by a stroke or
two of the pump or lowered by slightly opening the screw S until low enough and
then again closing it. The apparatus is extinguished by loosening the filling cap F
and allowing the air pressure in the reservoir to escape.
The object of the spherical or bowl-shaped depression shewn in section at the
end of the reservoir Fig. 1. Sheet 1., the stud s', and diaphragm plate d, is to
avoid the possibility of any leakage of air on the one hand, or oil or oil-vapour on
the other, from the reservoir of the apparatus, the plate d being firmly soldered.
round its edge to the end of the reservoir; a spiral spring may be coiled round
the studs to assist in forcing back the plate d but in general the pressure in the
apparatus is sufficient for that purpose.
The burner B Fig. 1. may also be made having small holes drilled through its
walls in place of the slits s shown in the drawings.
The manipulation in lighting in the case of the design shown in Fig. 2. Sheet 2.
is similar, the screw S being closed a stroke of the pump raises the oil till it
issues through the jet j, and as soon as the combined hood and well is filled,
the screw S is released, this stops the stream of oil from the jet j and clears
the chamber C by allowing the oil to sink back again into the reservoir, a
fragment of paper is placed in the well and lighted, the door D. Fig. 6. Sheet 2.
closed by revoiving it on the cylindrical hood and after about a minute the
screw S is closed; as the burner T becomes heated sufficient pressure arises in
the apparatus to cause a stream of vapour to issue from the jet j this becoming
ignited completes the heating of the burner and will also keep the apparatus
going for about half an hour so that watching the time for the oil in the well to
be burned out is unnecessary. When the heat is wanted a few strokes of the pump.
will raise it; the heat is lowered or extinguished by slackening or entirely
releasing the screw S.
A division or false bottom ƒ is provided in the reservoir Fig. 2 Sheet 2. to
enable the flame of the apparatus to be directed to any point, as when the flame
is directed upwards sufficient oil is retained between the two bottoms to keep the
apparatus going for some minutes and a fresh supply can at once be obtained by
merely holding the lamp level when the space between the two bottoms is again
filled with oil, in directing the flame downwards the oil covers the opening o and
keeps the space between the two bottonis full; the small tube t' is soldered to
the false bottom where it passes through it and also soldered to the bottom of
the tube R so as to be oil and air tight. The tube R is stayed and supported by
an internal cone e which is soldered to the top of the reservoir and to the tube R.
W, W are stout bent wires soldered to the reservoir of the apparatus at the four
corners of the same and crossing each other diagonally at the top (as seen in
plan) but shown broken off in elevation Fig. 1. Sheet 1.; they are for the
purpose of supporting any vessel requiring to be heated by the flame from the
burner B.
Fig. 1. is a longitudinal section on the plane ay of Fig. 3.
Fig. 2. is a longitudinal section on the plane allyl of Fig. 4.
Fig. 3. is a front elevation of the burner B but with the arm carrying the jet
removed and showing the shape of the hood h Fig. 1. and also, in dotted lines

page_text: Fig. 4. is a front élevittion of the burner T Fig. 2. looking down the burner
towards the jet.
:
Fig. 5. is a sectional slice included 'between the lines ab of Fig. 2 and showing
its form.
¨¨Fig. 6. is a plan of ‘Fig. 2 complete, showing the position of the pump P and
filling cap Fthey having been omitted from Fig. 2. to avoid confusion.
Fig. 7. is a plan of the burner B Fig. 1. showing its form, but having the end
cap, eduction tube, and arm carrying the jet removed.
•
Having now-particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the saine is to be performed, "we declare that what
we-claim is :
1. The design of a burner, the body of which is thicker on the one-side-in
transverse section-than on the other throughout the length of the burner and the
utilization of this thickened side for the formation of the chamber C within which
the oil is vaporized, as detailed in the description and shown in the drawings.
2. The use of an air blast to urge and direct the initial flame used in raising the
burner to the vaporizing temperature.
3. The utilization and use of the air compressing syringe or pump and of the
reservoir to produce the air 'blast referred to in Claim 2. and the arrangement of
parts of the apparatus, and manner in which this is done, as detailed in the
description and shown in the drawings.
4. The design and use of the arrangement of the tube t' and false bottom f
shown in Fig. 2. for allowing the flame of the burner T to be directed to any
point, as-detailed in the description and shown in the drawings.
Dated this 11th day of July 1805
WILLIAM BALDERSTON,
SAMUEL LANCASTER,
Applicants.
WILLIAM BALDERSTON,
SAMUEL LANCASTER,
Applicants.