Improvements in or Applicable to Machine, Domestic, and other Brushes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 26th July, 1889-Accepted, 14th Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Applicable to Machine, Domestic, and other
Brushes.
We; NORMAN KNOWLES of Egyptian Mill, Bolton, Cotton Spinner, and WILLIAM
PHILIPSON of Holland Street Iron Works, Astley Bridge near Bolton, Engineer and
Machinist, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or applicable to machine, domestic, and
other brushes, and has for its object that of making brushes with long bristles' as
effective as those with short bristles, thereby dispensing with the necessity of cutting
or singeing the bristles of new brushes so common at the present time. It is a well
known fact that long bristles in brushes are weak owing to their length, consequently
they bend when operating on the surfaces they are intended to clean, which diminishes
the brushing or cleaning power of the same as well as that of wearing the side of the
bristles. To overcome this defect it is a common practice to shorten the length of the
bristles by cutting or singeing, which causes the brushes to be speedily worn out.
In adapting our invention to brushes employed for stripping carding engine
cylinders and doffers" each spiral of the brush is provided with an adjustable or
other perforated plate through which the bristles protrude according to the amount of
rigidity required. The perforated plate or plates is mounted on the stock or body of
the brush by means of screws, ferrules, or their equivalents to allow of adjustment or
otherwise at will. In circular brushes at present employed for stripping carding
engine cylinders and "doffers" the bristles are placed spirally once round in the
length of the same, whereas according to our invention the spiral is formed in about
one-fifth or thereabouts of the diameter, which allows of the same being cleaned auto-
matically or otherwise by a metallic or other comb with prongs of equal or unequal
lengths, and so disposed in the carrying frame that the prongs operate through the
bristles and in the spaces between the same. The comb is regulated in its action by a
rod and eccentrics mounted in brackets supported from the brush centre or otherwise.
To allow of the brush being thoroughly cleaned by the aforesaid comb the bristles are
mounted on the stock or block in a circumferential line, by which the spaces and
bristles are uniformly set and divided thereon. Owing to the spirals of this brush
being reduced and the firmness of the bristles increased the same can be driven or
revolved at a much slower speed than hitherto, which must prolong the life of the
same and effect a great saving.
This invention is applicable to circular brushes with solid or other wood stocks or
bodies, or lagged iron bodies, and to brushes wherein the bristles are drawn with wire
or set with pitch or other equivalents.
Our invention is also applicable for supporting or rigidifying the bristles of flat or
other brushes employed in winding frames for clearing yarn and thread of "fly,"
"fluff," and other imperfections; also for domestic sweeping and dusting brushes,
and brushes employed by painters and others in the art of decoration and other
purposes.
As the bristles wear the perforated plate or plates can be lowered to allow suffi-
cient length to protrude as required, and which can be adjusted until the said plate or
plates rest on the stock or body of the brush, thus causing the whole of the brush to
be used at one uniform tension on the entire length of the bristles, a requirement long
felt by the trade.
In another modification we provide the block or body of the brush with slots or
recesses to receive the bristle stocks; the latter being adjustable to the wear of the
bristles by means of screws or their equivalents attached to perforated plates mounted

page_text: on the periphery of the brush block or body. The perforated plates are constructed
to allow the bristles to protrude through the same according to the rigidity or length
required, and are secured to the block or body in any convenient manner.
In this arrangement the perforated plates are stationary and the bristles and stocks
movable, which is performed by simply turning the screws or their equivalents,
thereby raising the bristle stocks nearer to the periphery or outer surface of the block
or body of the brush.
Dated the 26th Orinho.. 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Applicable to Machine, Domestic, and other
Brushes.
We, NORMAN KNOWLES of Egyptian Mill, Bolton, Cotton Spinner, and WILLIAM
PHILIPSON of Holland Street Iron Works, Astley Bridge near Bolton, Engineer and
Machinist, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in or applicable to machine, domestic, and
other brushes, and has for its object that of making brushes with long bristles as
effective as those with short bristles, thereby dispensing with the necessity of cutting
or singeing the bristles of new brushes so common at the present time. It is a well
known fact that long bristles in brushes are weak owing to their length, consequently
they bend when operating on the surfaces they are intended to clean, which diminishes
the brushing or cleaning power of the same as well as that of wearing the side of the
bristles. To overcome this defect it is a common practice to shorten the length of the
bristles by cutting or singeing, which causes the bristles to be speedily worn out.
C
In adapting our invention to brushes employed for stripping carding engine
cylinders and doffers" each spiral of the brush is provided with an adjustable or
other perforated plate through which the bristles protrude according to the amount of
rigidity required. The perforated plate or plates is mounted on the stock or body of
the brush by means of screws, ferrules, or their equivalents to allow of adjustment or
otherwise at will. In circular brushes at present employed for stripping carding
engine cylinders and "doffers" the bristles are placed spirally once round in the
length of the same, whereas according to our invention the spiral is formed in about
one-fifth or thereabouts of the diameter, which allows of the same being cleaned auto-
matically or otherwise by a metallic or other comb with prongs of equal or unequal
lengths, and so disposed in the carrying frame that the prongs operate through the
bristles and in the spaces between the same. The comb is regulated in its action by a
rod mounted in brackets supported from the brush centre, or otherwise. To allow of
the brush being thoroughly cleaned by the aforesaid comb the bristles are mounted on
the stock or block in a circumferential line, by which the spaces and bristles are
uniformly set and divided thereon. Owing to the spirals of this brush being reduced
and the firmness of the bristles increased the same can be driven or revolved at a much
slower speed than hitherto, which must prolong the life of the same and effect a great
saving.
(
This invention is applicable to circular brushes with solid or other wood stocks or
bodies, or lagged iron bodies, and to brushes wherein the bristles are drawn with wire
or set with pitch or other equivalents.
Our invention is also applicable for supporting or rigidifying the bristles of flat or
other brushes employed in winding frames for clearing yaru and thread of "fly,"
fluff," and other imperfections; also for domestic sweeping and dusting brushes,
and brushes employed by painters and others in the art of decoration and other
purposes.

page_text: bristles are mounted on the stocks or blocks in a circumferential line with each
other, by which the spaces and bristles are uniformly set and divided thereon.
For the purpose of ensuring the bristles thoroughly cleaning the surfaces they are
operating upon and to prevent a ring of dirt or refuse being left thereon we
mount the bristles in the manner shown in Fig. 13, which is a representation of part³
of four stocks laid on the plane of the paper.
Fig. 9 is a sectional longitudinal elevation of our improved circular brush wherein
the block or body is provided with slots or recesses to receive the bristle stocks, and
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation through lines A² B².
On the centre A is secured in any convenient manner the block or body V provided
with the slots or recesses C to receive the adjustable bristle stocks D. The perforated
plates E are secured to the block or body V by screws or their equivalents. The
bristles H protrude through the perforations G in the plates E as shown. The bristle
stocks D are operated in either direction in the slots or recesses C by the screws I
according to the length of bristle or the amount of rigidity required. The screws I'
are mounted in the bottom end of the slots or recesses C, the heads 11 bearing on the
plates I, and are secured by the plates 13 and screws I^. The screws I pass through
the threaded bosses K let or sunk into the bristle stocks D; the latter being secured
by the screws 15. The top end of each screw I extends to almost the outside of the
perforated plates E, and is provided with a square to allow of the same being operated
by a box-key or its equivalent.
In this arrangement several screws I are provided in the length of the brush to
increase the stability or firmness of the brush stocks D, thereby preventing bending or
deflection when in operation. Each end of the brush block or body is fitted with the
metallic ends B, secured by screws or their equivalents.
Fig. 11 is a sectional longitudinal elevation of our improved circular brush wherein
the block or body is of wood, and into which the bristles are secured; the upper part
of the figure showing the bristles and the lower part without them, and Fig. 12 is a
sectional elevation through line A³ B³.
In this arrangement the bristles H are stationary and the perforated plates E
adjustable. The latter are mounted on the body or block V by means of the ferrules W
and screws Y or their equivalents. As the bristles II wear the plates E are lowered
by taking out the ferrules W and substituting them with shorter ones according to
the length of bristle required to protrude through the perforations G.
ferrules W can he gradually reduced in length until the plates E rest on the block or
body V, thus causing the whole of the bristle to be used at almost one uniform tension
on the entire length of the same.
The
Owing to the spirals of our improved circular brush being reduced in length and
the firmness of the bristles increased the same can be driven or rotated at a much
slower speed than hitherto, which will prolong the life of the same and effect a great
saving in the cost of renewals.
This brush is equally applicable for carding engines, combing, and other machinery
wherein circular brushes are employed.
If desired this brush can be made without spirals, the slots in the body or block V
being cut in line with the centre line of same.
Fig. 14 is a part sectional longitudinal elevation of a flat brush employed in winding
frames for clearing yarn and thread of "fly," "fluff," and other imperfections, made
on the principle of our invention Fig. 15 is a plan of same-Fig. 16 is a sectional
elevation through line C2 D2, and Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation through line E2 F²
showing the means employed for operating the bristles through the perforated plate
according to wear or other requirements.
The case
can be of wood or metal as desired provided with the perforated plate E,
secured thereto by the set screws Z. In the case V is mounted the bristle stock D
operated either up or down by the screws I according to the length of bristles or the
amount of rigidity required. The screws I and their appendages are mounted and
secured in their respective places in a similar manner to those described in Fig. 9.
In case the brush is a wide one it is provided with a double set of operating screws I

page_text: in the width as shown in Fig. 18. The screws I can be provided with semi-circular
heads as shown in Fig. 18, being secured in position by the caps or covers X, which
can be soldered or otherwise secured to the case V according to the kind of material
the latter is made from.
Fig. 19 is a front elevation, and Fig. 20 an end elevation of a domestic sweeping or
dusting brush with our improvements applied.
The bristles H are secured into the block or body V in the usual manner, and pass
through the perforated plate E.
The latter is secured in position by the screws I, which are mounted in the
threaded bosses K let or sunk into the block or body V, and secured therein in
any convenient manner. As the bristles H wear the perforated plate E is raised
by simply turning the screws I by a box-key or its equivalent as before described.
Fig. 21 is a side view and Fig. 22 a back view of a painters brush or bannister
employed in the art of decoration with our improvements applied.
The bristles H are secured into the block or body V in the ordinary manner, and
pass through the perforated plate E. The latter is secured in position by the
screws I mounted in the threaded bosses K let or sunk into the block or body V,
and secured therein by the screws Z¹. As the bristles H wear the perforated
plates E are operated as described in Figs. 19 and 20.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In combination with circular and other machine brushes the use of the
plates E, either stationary or adjustable for the purpose specified.
2. In circular and other machine brushes the use of the adjustable stocks D
carrying the bristles H, and means for operating the same in combination with
the plates E, substantially as described and as shown on the drawings for the
purpose specified.
3. Providing the body or block V with the slots or recesses C to receive the
adjustable bristle stocks D, substantially as described and as shown on the drawings
in Figs. 9 and 10.
4. In domestic and other brushes the use of the plate E with the means of
adjustment, applied and operating, substantially as described and as shown on-the
drawings in Figs. 19 to 22 inclusive for the purpose specified.
5. The general construction, arrangement, and combination of parts constituting
our improvements in machine, domestic, and other brushes, substantially as
described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 23rd day of July 1889.
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Agent.