IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Samuelson, of Hull, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BRICKS AND TILES."
Sealed the 27th April 1853, and dated the 8th March 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Samuelson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th March 1853.
I, ALEXANDER SAMUELSON, of Hull, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES" to be as follows:-
Heretofore, in the manufacture of bricks and tiles by expressing
brick earths through moulding orifices, it has been usual to have holes
for the passage away of air near the moulding dies; and in some cases
plugs or valves have been employed, which have been opened from
time to time by hand. Injurious effects take place in the moulded
bricks or tiles if the air has, from carelessness or otherwise, been allowed
to accumulate. Now, my Invention consists of connecting the working
of the valves or plugs used for the escape of air with the working of the
other parts of the machinery, in order that the valves or plugs may be

page_text: opened regularly by the working of the machine. And I would state
that, as the arrangements of machinery for expressing clay differ in
their modes of working, the means of giving motion to the valves or
plugs will require to be modified; but a very convenient mode of action
is to employ levers in connection with the valves, and to cause such
levers to be acted on by cams or projections on a revolving wheel or
surface; or the valves may be connected and worked by the machinery
by other equivalent apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Samuelson, in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 8th September 1853.
of
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL, COME, I,
ALEXANDER SAMUELSON, of IIull, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of March, in the year
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alexander Samuelson, Her special licence that
1, the said Alexander Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Samuelson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Samuelson, by
au instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Samuelson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
Heretofore, in the manufacture of bricks and tiles by expressing brick
earth through moulding orifices, it has been usual to have holes for the
passage away of air near the moulding dies; and in some cases plugs
or valves have been employed, which have been opened from time to
time by hand. Injurious effects take place in the moulded bricks or
tiles if the air has, from carelessness or otherwise, been allowed to
accumulate. Now, my Invention consists of connecting the working of
the valves or plugs used for the escape of air with the working of the
other parts of the machinery, in order that the valves or plugs may be
opened regularly by the working of the machine. And I would state
that, as the arrangements of machinery for expressing clay differ in
their modes of working, the means of giving motion to the valves or
plugs will require to be modified; but a very convenient mode of action
is, to employ levers in connection with the valves, and to cause such
levers to be acted on by cams or projections on a revolving wheel or
surface; or the valves may be connected and worked by the machinery
by other equivalent apparatus.
In order to explain my views more fully, I annex a drawing and
description of such apparatus, as applied to a machine known as
"Beart's Patent Brick and Tile Machine."
In the two elevations A, A, represent the pug mill, fixed directly
over the clay box B, in which traverses a piston C, in alternate direc-
tions, expressing the clay first at one end, and then the other. F, F, shows
the wheel which drives a segmental pinion which gives motion to the
piston C, C; and it is from the wheel F, F, whence I derive the motion
for the plugs or valves D, E. On the wheel F, F, I affix cams, which
act upon a small roller I, which is attached to a lever connected with a
rod G, G, which again acts upon a lever to which the plug or valve is
attached. By means of the cams on the wheel F, F, the valves or
plugs D, E, are forced into the clay box at proper intervals, thereby
creating a free passage for the escape of any air which may have accu-

page_text: mulated therein; and when the plugs or valves have been sufficiently
depressed, they are withdrawn by the springs I, II, leaving them in
the proper position for a repetition of a similar action.
I do not claim the application of plugs or valves to brick and tile
machines, acting by the expression of clay through dies or moulding
orifices; but what I do claim is the giving motion to such plugs or
valves at the proper intervals by means of any combination of me-
chanical parts actuated by one or more of the moving parts of such
brick and tile machines. And I also claim more particularly the
combination of parts and gearing for such purpose, as shown in the
accompanying drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Samuelson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
ALEXANDER SAMUELSON. (L8.)
Witness, JouN THELWALL,
Clerk, Scott Street Foundry, Hull.