Improvements in Apparatus for Bleaching, Washing, Dyeing, and Drying Yarn in the Cop.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 20th Aug., 1896-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Bleaching, Washing, Dyeing, and
Drying Yarn in the Cop.
I, MARK HULME SMALLWOOD, of 72 Albert Grove, Longsight, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for bleaching, washing
dyeing and drying yarn in the cop, and the object of my invention is to effect
each operation in a more effectual manner than has hitherto been accomplished.
In carrying out my invention I employ a cylindrical or other vessel preferably
placed in a vertical position and provided with an airtight lid at the top; this
vessel is steam jacketed in order to heat the contents and inside it is placed a
smaller cylindrical vessel also provided with a removable lid; in the body of this
smaller vessel are drilled and tapped small holes extending from the bottom to the
top and into each hole is screwed a perforated tube on which the cops of yarn to
be treated are placed a passage being thus formed through the tube from one
vessel to the other. A pump is connected by pipes which pass through the bottom
of the larger cylinder and into the small cylinder and a suitable bleaching, washing
or dyeing liquor is then pumped into the smaller vessel and is forced through the
tubes and cops of yarn into the larger vessel where it surrounds all the cops when
the latter vessel is full of liquor. A valve which controls the passage of liquor
from the pump to the smaller vessel is now closed and a valve opened to connect
the pump to the larger vessel and the liquor is forced back from the large vessel
through the cops into the small vessel; the operations of forcing the liquor from
the smaller vessel through the cops into the large vessel and back again from the
large into the smaller vessel are repeated as often as desired after which both
valves between the pump and the vessels are closed and valves for admitting air
to the top and allowing the liquor to escape from the bottom of the large vessel
are opened.
In order to dry the yarn we run off all the liquor into a tank connected to the
pump and then admit more air through valves in the cover of the outer vessel and
open a passage from the bottom of this vessel to the pump and draw the hot air
into the pump and force it into the smaller vessel and through the cops of yain
into the outer vessel and this operation of drawing the hot air from the large vessel
and forcing it into the smaller vessel and through the cops is maintained until the
cops are dry.
A suitable crane is employed to lift the smaller vessel into and out of the
arger one, and the smaller vessels may be moved to or fro upon trucks running
n rails.
Dated this 20th day of November 1895
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT
Agents for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Bleaching, Washing, Dyeing, and
Drying Yarn in the Cop.
I, MARK HULME SMALLWOOD, of 72 Albert Grove, Longsight, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for bleaching, washing and
dyeing yarn in the cop, and the object of my invention is to effect each operation
in a more effectual manner than has hitherto been accomplished.
In carrying out my invention I employ a cylindrical or other vessel preferably
placed in a vertical position and provided with an airtight lid at the top; this
vessel is steam jacketed in order to heat the contents and inside it is placed a
smaller cylindrical vessel also provided with a removable lid; in the body of this
smaller vessel are drilled and tapped small holes extending from the bottom to the
top and into each hole is screwed a perforated tube on which the cops of yarn to
be treated are placed, a passage being thus formed through the tubes from one
vessel to the other. A pump is connected by pipes which pass through the bottom
of the larger cylinder and into the small cylinder and a suitable bleaching, washing
or dyeing liquor is then pumped into the smaller vessel and is forced through the
tubes and cops of yarn into the larger vessel where it surrounds all the cops when
the latter vessel is full of liquor. A valve which controls the passage of liquor
from the pump to the smaller vessel is now closed and a valve opened to connect
the pump to the larger vessel and the liquid is forced back from the larger vessel
through the cops into the small vessel; the operations of forcing the liquor from
the smaller vessel through the cops into the large vessel and back again from the
large into the smaller vessel are repeated as often as desired after which both
valves between the pump and the vessels are closed and valves for admitting air
to the top and allowing the liquor to escape from the bottom of the large vessel
are opened.
In the accompanying three sheets of drawings-
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 2 a plan of an apparatus made according
to my invention for bleaching, washing and dyeing yarn in the cop, and
Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are diagrams showing the arrangement of pipes and valves
for controlling the admission and reversing the direction of the liquor and for
emptying the apparatus.
In the drawings,
a is a cylindrical vessel with a steam jacket a¹ and pipes bb at the bottom
connected with a pump c; the vessel a is provided with a hinged cover a³ which
is secured by swivel bolts as shown. A smaller cylindrical vessel e, also provided
with a removable lid, is arranged to be placed in the large vessel and in the
sides of this vessel e are drilled and tapped rows of small holes and into each hole
is screwed a perforated tube f on which a cop of yarn g to be treated is placed;
or instead of screwing the tubes into the holes they can be connected in any
other convenient manner, as for example, they might be fitted over nipples at the
openings in the sides of the small vessel e. In like manner rovings may also be
wound upon perforated bobbins which have one end closed and are made to fit
over nipples screwed into the holes in the small vessel.
In order to treat cops, tubes or bobbins of yarn or roving the small vessel is

page_text: raised by a crane or otherwise, not shown, out of the vessel a, when the tubes f to
receive the cops of yarn are screwed into all the tapped holes in the vessel e or
tubes or bobbins full of yarn or roving are secured to nipples over all the openings
in the vessel e which is then lowered into the vessel a after which the lid or
cover a is closed and secured by the bolts; valve his then opened to admit steam
into the jacket a¹.
The arrangement of valves and pipe connections is shown clearly in Figs. 3 to 7.
In Fig. 3 a pipe is connected to a reservoir of dye or other liquor, not shown,
controlled by a valve ; placed between the reservoir and a passage k leading to
the pump c.
When the pump is set in motion the liquor is drawn from the
reservoir down the pipe i and passage k through the pumpe along a passage 1 and
into and along the pipe & through a two-way valve m which delivers it into the
pipe b leading into the vessel e inside the vessel a. When both vessels are fully
charged with liquor the valve j is closed and the valve n turned, as shown in Fig. 6,
so as the liquor is forced from the inner vessel e through the tubes f and cops into
the outer vessel a it flows from it through the pipe 6 back to the pump c and the
circulation through the inner vessel e is maintained through the pipe b.
b
Fig. 7 shows the position of the valves j, m and n as turned to reverse the
direction of the liquor and force it from the outer vessel a through the cops, tubes
or bobbins into the inner vessel e.
To accomplish this the valve m is turned to open communication between the
pipe 6 and the passage k to the pump c and the valve n is turned back to the
position shown in Fig. 3 so that when the pump is set in motion the liquor is
forced through the pipe 6' and valve n into the outer vessel and through the cops
or rovings into the inner vessel e and out of the latter through the pipe b and
passage k into the pump which forces it back through the valve n and pipe b¹ into
the outer vessel and this operation can be continued as long as required.
In order to empty the apparatus a let-off cock o below the pump is opened, as
shown in Fig. 5, and air is admitted at the top of the vessel a through an air
valve a and all the liquor is drawn off through the pipes 6 6' and passages k and l
into a waste pipe p.
If further treatment of the yarn is necessary, such as washing, a valve q, on a
pipes connected to a water supply is opened, as shown in Fig. 4, and when the
pump is set in motion the water is drawn from the pipes through the pump c and
is forced up the pipe & through the valve m into the inner vessel e and through the
perforated tubes and the cops g into the outer vessel a; the valve is then
closed and the water flows out of the vessel a through the pipe b¹ back to the
pump c, the circulation being maintained through the inner vessel e, with valves
turned as shown in Fig. 6, and to circulate the water in the reverse direction the
valves are turned into the positions shown in Fig. 7 when the pump will force
water from the outer vessel through the cops into the inner vessel e from which
it will flow through the pipe b to the pump and back through the pipe b¹ into the
outer vessel a.
After washing the apparatus is emptied by turning the valve n to connect the
pipe b' to the passage and pump c and the let-off cock o is opened as shown
in Fig. 5.
After the cops or bobbins of roving have been treated and are ready to be dried
a supply of air is admitted to the outer vessel a through a valve and the air
heated by the steam jacket a' is caused to circulate through the cops or bobbins
of roving by the pump c in either direction as required by manipulating the
valves m and n as previously described.
It is obvious that the yarn or roving could be steamed in the apparatus to
brighten and fasten the colours after dyeing.
A crane or other suitable lifting tackle is employed to lift the vessel e into and
and out of the vessel a and the vessel e may be moved to and from the apparatus
upon trucks running on rails.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
:-
1. In combination, an outer and an inner vessel, the latter being provided with
rows of holes to receive perforated tubes on which the yarn or roving in the form
of cops or bobbins is placed and a circulating pump with suitable valves and
connections for circulating fluid through the cops or bobbins substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein set forth.
2. The combination and general arrangement of parts constituting the improved
apparatus for bleaching washing and dyeing yarn and roving substantially as herein
set forth.
Dated this 17th day of Avoust 1896
H. B. BARLOW & GILLETT,
17 St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for Applicant.