AN IMPRoved Manufacture of Cattle FOOD.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Simpson, of Chiswell Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Cattle Food Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "AN IMPRoved Manufacture of Cattle FOOD.”
of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CATTLE FOOD."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Simpson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th June 1873.
I, ALEXANDER SIMPSON, of Chiswell Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Cattle Food Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CATTLE FOOD,” to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a nutritious food for cattle
possessing but a small per centage of indigestible fibre.
The component parts of the food will require modification to suit the
age and other special requirements of the animals to be fed, but as an
example I will give in rough the proportions of the materials which I

page_text: have found suitable for preparing a food for calves. I take of wheat,
Indian corn, oats, rice, and sago about equal proportions, which together
will make some 75 per cent. of the compound to be prepared. The four
first mentioned of these materials I bake in order to develope the
nutritive properties which they contain, and I then add thereto the sago,
and grind up the whole into a meal. To this I add meal, composed
as follows;-Linseed meal, barn meal, pea meal, sugar, and Simpson's
cattle spice, in proportions that will complete the 100 parts. The
mixture thus obtained I submit to a temperature of about 240° Fab*.
using for the purpose steam heat or hot air. After this baking operation
the meal will be ready for sale, and when used it may be formed into a
mash. I would remark that the corn and rice meal may be sieved to
remove therefrom the husks and bran if thought desirable, but in
general these matters will be retained in the food. If preferred water
may be applied to the materials before submitting them to the baking
operation, and the meal may be formed into cakes or blocks.
The cooked food prepared according to this Invention may have its
nitrogenous or flesh forming elements in greater or less proportion as
compared with the saccharine and starchy or heat giving elements.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Simpson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th December 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER 2
SIMPSON, of Chiswell Street, in the County of Middlesex, Cattle Food
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty- a
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Simpson, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Simpson, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Simpson,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MANU-
FACTURE OF CATTLE FOOD," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Alexander Simpson, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Simpson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is to provide a nutritious food for cattle
possessing but a small per centage of indigestible fibre.
The component parts of the food will need modification to suit the age
and other special requirements of the animals to be fed, but in all cases
heat will be employed as herein-after explained to increase the nutritive
qualities of certain of the materials employed, and to render the com-
pound the more easy of digestion.
In preparing the various qualities of food for cattle I propose to use
wheat, maize, oats, rice, sago, beans, peas, lentils, charub beans, sugar,
and salt, also the compound known as Simpson's cattle spice, and
linseed, and the remainder of linseed and other nutritious seeds and nuts,
after a portion of the oil has been abstracted therefrom, such as cotton
seed, the palm nut, and the olive. The grain and hard substances I
submit to the action of a baking heat either before or after the same have
been crushed, and I mix them in various proportions to obtain varying
qualities of cattle food to suit animals of various kinds and under varying
circumstances. To the substances thus prepared I add in proper quan-
5 tities sugar, salt, and Simpson's spice, which is a condiment for cattle
manufactured by myself. When these ingredients have been well mixed
together I submit the mixture to the action of millstones and grind the

page_text: same to an uniform sample of meal.
This meal I submit to a tem-
perature of say two hundred and forty degrees Fahrenheit for several
hours, preferring for this purpose to use tanks formed with hollow walls
for the circulation through them of boiling water or steam, and divided
longitudinally by similar walls so as to ensure the equable heating of the
mass of meal. After remaining in this tank for a suitable time the meal
is removed, and it is then ready for sale.
As an example of the proportions of the ingredients and the mode of
procedure which I employ, I may state, that to produce a meal suitable
for rearing or fattening young calves, to be given with water or milk as
a porridge or gruel, I proceed as follows:-I take say one hundred
pounds oats, one hundred pounds maize, one hundred pounds wheat, one
hundred pounds rice, one hundred pounds fine rice dressings, and one
hundred pounds sago, and having thoroughly baked or dried them I
submit the same to crushing or grinding. I next sift out the bran and
add to the meal either eight per. cent of dry sugar or an equivalent of
saccharine matter in the shape of the interior part of the hull or pod of
the charub or locust bean. I also add ten per cent of meal, made either
from linseed, beans, peas, or lentils, or from any combination of these
materials, and I complete the compound by the addition thereto of one
and a quarter per cent. of Simpson's spice, and a smaller quantity of
powdered salt. This mixture I again pass through mills and grind to a
fine flour, after which I place it in heated tanks or in ovens maintained
at a temperature of about two hundred and forty degrees Fahrenheit and
bake it for about six hours. After this I pass it through sieves and bag
up for sale.
As a further example to produce a food for store cattle, I take maize,
beans, or oats, linseed, or cotton seed, after the oil is partially abstracted
therefrom, rice dressings, and charubs, or locust beans in about equal
quantities by weight, bake or dry them, and then having ground them to
a coarse meal add one per cent. of Simpson's spice and about half the
quantity of dry salt. These ingredients I thoroughly mix by passing the
same through coarse sieves, and I then take the mixture in the oven or
in jacketed tanks heated by boiling water, steam, or hot air, and main-
tained at a similar temperature to that mentioned for the food for calves :

page_text: The proportions will be varied for different classes of animals, and to
produce food for cattle at various prices, but in all cases the materials
used will be crushed and baked, and the article may be sold either
coarsely ground, or as fine meal, or made into cakes.
When intended to be sold in cakes I cook the meal when coarsely
ground or crushed in a wet state, or in tanks to which free steam is
admitted, and I afterwards place the cooked meal under millstones
revolving perpendiculary to produce a pulp, which may be pressed or
formed into cakes by a process similar to that in use for manufacturing
linseed cakes.
By varying the mixture of edible substances I regulate the proportions
of flesh forming and heat giving substances in the food compound as
required. By the admixture of spice and salt an agreeable flavour is
obtained, and this is further developed by the cooking. The assimilation
of the food is thus facilitated as by the cooking or baking process, the
husks, bran, and hard substances are rendered more easy of digestion.
The nutritive properties of the whole bulk are also greatly developed, so
that the food is the more readily operated upon by the gastric juices and
other agencies of the stomach.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "An Improved
Manufacture of Cattle Food," and explained the manner of carrying the
same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part
recited Letters Patent I claim, manufacturing a cooked food for cattle
whether in the form of meal or of cakes, in the manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Simpson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
ALEXANDER SIMPSON. (L.S.)