AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED FOR STEAM AND BLAST ENGINES, PUMPS, WATER MILLS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley, of the
Midland Works, Sheffield, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
TO BE APPLIED FOR STEAM AND BLAST ENGINES, PUMPS, WATER MILLS, AND
FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 25th November 1864, and dated the 31st May 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Martin Stanley and
Jabez Stanley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st May 1864.
We, JOHN MARTIN STANLEY and JABEZ STANLEY, of the Midland Works,
Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED FOR STEAM AND BLAST
ENGINES, PUMPS, WATER MILLS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows,
that is to say -
The apparatus comprises, first, an improved rotary engine worked by steam
or other elastic vapour, which engine when operating separately may be
employed for any of the purposes of an ordinary steam engine for propelling,
pumping, blowing, driving machinery, and the like; and, secondly, a similarly
formed engine capable of being used as a water mill or bydraulic engine; the
said engine either in its separate or combined form being capable of receiving
power in the cylinder and transmitting it directly through and from the
rotating piston rod or shaft, or for receiving power at the shaft and transmitting

page_text: the same through and from the cylinder, as in the case of raising and forcing
or moving water, exhausting, compressing, or blowing other liquids, vapours, or
gasses.
The steam engine is formed with an inner rotating cylinder, and outer fixed
cylinder; the form of the latter is somewhat oval, or egg or heart shaped, and
the former circular; the axis of the rotating cylinder is parallel with that of the
fixed cylinder and eccentric thereto, so that the periphery of the rotating
cylinder works in contact with a projecting and packed surface at the side
or crown of the fixed cylinder; at each side of this projection we form the
inlet and outlet ports for the admission and escape of the steam or fluid.
The rotating cylinder is fitted with a sliding piston which passes through it
and projects beyond its circumference. The projecting surfaces of this
piston which work in contact with the inner surface of the fixed cylinder
and lids are packed so as to be steam and water-tight. The inner or piston
cylinder is mounted upon a shaft or shafts which rotate in bearings formed
in the lids of the outer cylinder. The direction of the rotation can be reversed
by fitting the induction and eduction ports with a suitable slide, and the
steam be cut off by a valve worked by an eccentric. The ends of the inner
cylinder are fitted with packing rings seated upon india-rubber or other
springs, these rings work. against the lids of the outer cylinder, and ensure
the steam and water-tight conditions respectively. The hydraulic engine or
water mill is formed upon a similar plan to that of the steam engine as
above, described, which latter engine may also be used as a pneumatic or
blowing engine.
The steam and other engines are coupled at the shafts when intended to
work together and thus form a combined apparatus for any of the purposes
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, fileḍ
by the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th November 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN,
MARTIN STANLEY and. JABEZ STANLEY, of the Midland Works, Sheffield, in the
County of York, send greeting.
3
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty, Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord: 8
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley, Her special license-
that we, the said John Martin Stanley, and Jabez Stanley, our executors,.
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Martin
Stanley and Jabez Stanley, our executors, administrators, or assigns,.
should at any time agree with; and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully.
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED FOR STEAM AND BLAST ENGINES, PUMPS,-
WATER MILLS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst...
others) that we, the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez Stanley, our executors.
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands, and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should particularly describe-
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same-
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
4
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Martin Stanley and Jabez
Stanley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer--
tained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
The apparatus comprises, first, an improved rotary engine to be, worked by
steam or other elastic vapour, which engine when operating separately may.
be employed for any of the purposes of an ordinary steam engine; for pro-
pelling, pumping, blowing, driving machinery, and the like; and secondly, a
similarly formed engine capable of being used as a water mill or hydraulic-
engine, the said engine either in its combined or separate form being capable
of receiving power in the cylinder, and transmitting it directly through and
from the rotating piston rod or shaft, or of receiving power at the shaft and
transmitting the same through and from the cylinder, as in the case of raising
and forcing or moving water, exhausting, compressing, or blowing air or other
liquids, vapours, or, gasses.
The steam engine is formed with an inner rotating cylinder and outer fixed
cylinder; the form of the latter is somewhat oval, or egg or heart shaped, and
the former circular; the axis of the rotating cylinder is parallel with that of
the fixed cylinder and eccentric thereto, so that the rotating cylinder works in
contact with a projecting and packed surface at the side or crown of the fixed
cylinder. At each side of this projection we form the inlet and outlet ports.

page_text: for the admission and escape of the steam or fluid; the rotating cylinder is
fitted with a sliding piston, which piston passes through and projects beyond:
its circumference. The projecting surfaces of this piston which work in con-
tact with the inner surface of the fixed cylinder and lids are packed so as to be
steam and water-tight. We would here observe that one of our improvements
consists in making the piston which slides in the inner or rotating cylinder
entire, and that another improvement consist in the form of the outer or fixed:
cylinder, which is such that right lines drawn through the axis of the rotating
piston and inner cylinder, (which lines we denominate the eccentric diameter
of the water cylinder) are all equal to each other, so that the required tra-
versing motion of the piston as it revolves is effected by the form of the fixed
cylinder itself, and thus the perfect action of the engine is insured in all
positions of the piston, the two opposite ends of which are thus always in
contact with the opposite side of the cylinder. The form of the inner
surface of the fixed cylinder, in section, is that of a double or twin volute, the
two curves being tangent to each other respectively at their bases and apices,
le horizontal central diameter being always greater than the vertical central
diameter. In practice we have found the above conditions obtainable, when
the proportions between the diameter of the rotating cylinder and the length
of the rotating piston, measured through the eccentric centre, are as 3 to 4 or
very nearly so, and the improvements consist in making the length of the
rotating cylinder greater than the of the piston, and in fitting packing
rings round the said rotating cylinder at the sides of the piston, and by forming
corresponding accesses in the lids of the outer cylinder, thus obtaining the
steam and water-tight conditions between the two cylinders, so that it is then
only necessary to pack the ends of the pistons.
Another improvement consists in forming the induction and eduction ports
of a number of perforations or openings in the sides of the fixed cylinder and
extending a greater or less distance down from the apic towards the centre.
By this means large steam and water passages are obtained, while the entirety
of the working and piston regulating cylinder surface is preserved. The inner
or piston cylinder is mounted upon a shaft or shafts which rotate in bearings
formed in the lids of the outer cylinder. The direction of the rotation can be
reserved at pleasure by fitting the induction and eduction ports with a suitable
slide, and the steam be cut off by a valve worked by an eccentric or link in
the usual way.
The ends or peripheries of the inner cylinder may be fitted with packing
rings seated upon india-rubber or other springs; these rings work against the
lids of the outer cylinder and insure the steam and water-tight conditions

page_text: respectively. The hydraulic engine or water mill is formed upon a similar plan
to that of the steam engine as above described, which latter engine may also
be used as a pneumatic or blowing engine.
The steam and other engines are coupled as the shafts when intended to
work together, and thus form a combined apparatus, as above stated.
Having thus stated the nature and object of our said Invention, and
explained the general form of the apparatus or engines of which the same is
comprised, we now proceed to describe the various parts in detail, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, to which the following explanation
Figure 1 is a diagram, which is intended to illustrate the principle of
construction upon which the engine is formed.
Let A B be the given length of the piston, which will determine the vertical
diameter of the main cylinder; taking A B=1, set off from A towards B by the
same scale 0.75, which will give A N the diameter of the rotating cylinder;
bisect A N and it will give the eccentric centre E upon which the piston
is to rotate, and the circle A M NO will give the inner or rotating cylinder.
Draw through F G-E and at right angles to A B, making F E and EG
respectively equal to half A B, then AG BF will be four points in the main
cylinder, from which the required line of curvature may be determined either
by arithmetical computation or geometrical construction. In practice we
determine this curve by a template of the length of the piston, which
template or scribing rod is made to slide in a groove O M, advancing on one
side as it recedes on the other.
Figure 2 shows an engine constructed upon this principle in transverse
section, and Figure 3 the same engine in. longitudinal section; the following
reference applies to both illustrations.
a, a, is the rotating piston rod or shalf; b, the piston, which is of a rec-
tangular form and slides through the rotating cylinder c, c; d is a metal
packing which is acted upon by the spring e, by which the wear of the end
is compensated; f is a side packing; g, the main cylinder; h, h, the main
cylinder ends, in which recesses i, i, are formed to receive the peripheries
of the rotating cylinder, and which portions are fitted with the packing
rings j,j; k, k, the main cylinder covers, in which the rotating piston rod
or shaft works; 1, 11, the eduction and induction ports subdivided. by the
bars and spaces m, m; o, a slide valve worked by the crank p and operated
by the eccentric 7 and crank r for cutting off the steam as required for

page_text: The power and motion of the engine
or shaft t by the coupling s, s, when
working on the expansion principle.
is transmitted direct to the second.
driving machinery or when the engine is used for any of the purposes of
an ordinary steam engine; when the apparatus is intended for pumping or
lifting water, blowing, and the like, a similar engine is coupled at t, and the
action of the induction and eduction ports is simply the reverse of that before
described in reference to the application of steam power.
We do not restrict ourselves to the precise proportions between the main
and rotating cylinder shewn upon the Drawings, as these may be varied in
practice, but we claim the engine or apparatus, forms and improvements as
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Martin Stanley Jabez Stanley,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-ninth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY. (LS.)
JABEZ STANLEY.
(L.S.)
JOHN MARTIN STANLEY. (L.)
JABEZ STANLEY.
(L.S.)