Improvements in Washing Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Oct., 1890
Complete Specificati
ก Left, 17th July, 1891-Accented, 17th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Washing Machines.
I MARY FRASER of "Glenholme "99 Anderton Road Sparkbrook Birmingham
Gentlewoman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in washing machines.
In carrying out this invention the washing machine is so constructed that a drum
the outside of which is similar in appearance to an ordinary water wheel the
inside of which is corrugated and caused to revolve by the weight of the water,
then a corrugated drum of about one fourth of the diameter of the outside one
and revolving in an opposite direction in the inside or centre of the outer casing
causes the clothes to be washed between the two drums, the motive power being
got by raising the water and causing it to fall on the outside drum or buckets of
the wheel and thereby making it to revolve by the weight of said water.
The revolving drum or wheel has an outer casing and when at work the drum
is under cover, the same water being used over and over again for the purpose of
revolving the drums thereby washing the clothes. It will be observed that the
inside corrugated drum can be stationary if so desired, and plain or otherwise but,
what particularly wish to mention is the process of washing the clothes by
means of two drums and also in having the work done by using the water as a
motive power for driving the machine. Although only one way of utilizing the
water to get the power has been mentioned it is obvious that the machine can be
driven in a variety of different ways viz., by means of a water moter water engine
or the like.
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Washing Machines.
MARY FRASER 99 Anderton Road Sparkbrook Birmingham do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in washing machines for the better
washing and cleaning of clothes and the like. The object being to subject the
clothes to a process of rubbing between two revolving corrugated drums moving
in opposite directions the one working inside the other, i.e., the outside drum the
inside of which is corrugated revolves in one direction and the inside drum the
outside of which is corrugated revolves in the opposite direction, a sufficient space
being left between the two drums for the clothes and water. To wash the clothes
the drum is only half filled with water and clothes combined, the outside drum
when in motion lifts the clothes in the direction it is moving, while the inside drum
which revolves in the opposite direction pulls them the other way, or under it, it
will thus be seen that the clothes are kept in the bottom of the drum, partially by
their own weight & partially by the action of the two corrugated surfaces revolving
in opposite directions, & also by means of only half filling the drum as already
mentioned.
If all the available space inside the drum was filled with clothes a very great
proportion of same would revolve with the drum & would not therefore be
subjected to the rubbing process between the two corrugated surfaces. I will
now proceed to describe the various figures of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Figure IA represents the stand, in which, the drum revolves, A¹ represents a side
view of the druni with its near side removed, A2 represents the inside corrugations
of same A³ represents the inside corrugated drum, A represents the corrugations on
the inner sides of the drum A¹
Figure II represents a front view of A¹ in Figure I, A¹ is fitted with an internal
gear wheel marked As for the purpose of driving the inside drum A³, A represents
the axle of same on which the outside drum A revolves.
Figure III represents a. view looking down upon the machine, the., same
reference figures apply to same.
Figure IV is a side view of Figures I & III A' represents the internal gear
wheel, A
represents the internal gear wheel, A represents the driving wheel of the
inside drum A³.
Figure V represents the said corrugated drum A³ which is also shewn in
Figures III & III, A represents the driving wheel of same.
Figure VI represents an end view of Figure V.
In reference to the other parts in connection with the appliance for supplying
the motive power a description of which is given in the Specification numbered
165500 in connection therewith. It is obvious that the shape & dimentions
of both drums may be varied almost to any extent without departing in any way
from my principle. It will also be observed that the inside drum can be kept
stationery & that it is not necessary for it to revolve altho I prefer it to do so.
It is also quite immaterial as to where the opening for putting in the clothes
is placed altho I have shewn it by preference as shewn in Figure I & marked B.
Another modification of my invention would be to use the outside drum as
shewn & constructed by me without the inside one, altho of course with less
beneficial results. It will also be observed that it can be either worked by hand or
motive power, altho I have not shewn any hand appliance for working same.
When the outside drum is caused to revolve by means of water power, it is
constructed outside as shewn in Figures I II III the buckets being marked B in
cach figure respectively the waste steam from the pipes can also be utilized for
the purpose of increasing the temperature of the water for the working of same.
It is obvious that a great variety of different materials can be used for the
manufacture of the different parts although any one or more may be preferred.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is,
First. The application of two revolving drums the outside drum having corruga-
tions all round the inside, and the inside drum having corrugations all round the
outside, the space between the same to be varied to any extent required, for the
purpose already described and set forth in the accompanying drawings and
marked A1 A2 A3 and A4 in Figures I II III and IV respectively.
Second. In having two corrugated drums revolving in opposite directions the
outside drum revolving on the axle of the inside drum, as shewn in Figure II
or in having the outside drum to revolve only, the inside one to remain stationary
and all for the purpose already described and set forth.
Third. In having two drums driven by intermediate and internal gear wheels
and pinions as shewn in Figure IV, and marked "A" and A' and A respectively the
driving power to be applied to either of the, said gear pinions if 'worked either by
hand or motive power, and all for the purpose already described and set forth.
Fourth. In having the outside drum constructed similar to a water wheel with
buckets or any other suitable arrangement for securing the water for the purpose
of causing same to revolve by its weight as shewn in Figures I II III and IV
and marked B, and in having it so constructed and arranged that the machine
can be worked either by hand or by motive power, or conjointly or with or
without a jacketed box whereby steam may be utilized for the purpose of increasing
the temperature of the water in the said machine.

page_text: Fifth. In having the insides of the two sides of the drum A¹ in Figure I corru-
gated or with indentations as shewn and marked A for the purpose of rubbing
and knocking the clothes about, as already described and set forth.
Lastly. In having a combination of all the different parts as shewn in Figures 1
IIIII IV V and VI and marked A, A' to A' and all for the purpose already
described and set forth in this Specification, and various figures shewn and referred
to in the accompanying drawings.
Dated 16th day of July 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 17th July, 1891-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Raising Water or Forcing it into Accumulators for
Operating Water Motors and the like for Mechanical and
Domestic Purposes.
MARY FRASER "Glenholme" Anderton Road Sparkbrook Birmingham Gentle-
woman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a simple and inexpensive method of raising water and
utilizing the same as a motive power for the purpose of working water engines,
water motors, hydraulic lifts, dynamos, washing machines, raising water to any given
height, or forcing water into accumulators under any given pressure, or for domestic
purposes, factories and the like.
In describing my invention we will suppose we use an ordinary circular shell of
cast iron about two feet in diameter and about thirty inches, high and fitted with a
furnace door and grate similar to an ordinary heating stove with a series of copper
pipes (or any other suitable pipe) say about " in diameter or thereby is fitted
round the inside of said shell the bottom end of each tube being fitted with a check
valve, and all connected to one supply pipe, said supply pipe being in connection
with the supply cistern, or tank, washing machine, or the like, the other end of the
pipes passing through the top or crown of the furnace and of sufficient length to
carry or convey the water to any desired height.
To put the apparatus into operation the supply cistern being kept sufficiently
high to always have at least about four feet of water in the pipes, the water in said
pipes will always rise to the level of that in the supply cistern the check valve
closing against its return. A good fire at work will cause the water in said pipes
to ascend and as it is discharged at the top end the pipes will again fill with water
which is again discharged by the heat, thus a constant circulation is thereby kept
the pipes taking the water in at the bottom end and discharging it at the, top,
and so on.
The water can also be raised by using two tubes say for example
one, and the other 10" in diameter, the one being put inside the other and
supplied with water, the same way as the one already mentioned, the fire being put
inside the tube, the water between the two tubes ascends and is discharged at the
top, the tube refilling again and so on.
up,
It is obvious that the fire can either be applied inside or outside the tubes.
To force the water a very great height or into an accumulator under pressure
three valves require, to be used instead of one, one to check the weight of the
water after it is raised, the other to release the pressure between the top and
bottom valves to allow the pipe or pipes to refill again. The middle valve is
regulated by a governor or float which releases the pressure between the top and
bottom the moment the water is raised.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Raising Water or Forcing it into Accumulators for
Operating Water Motors and the like for Mechanical and
Domestic Purposes.
MARY FRASER 99 Anderton Road Sparkbrook Birmingham do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to a simple and inexpensive method of raising water and

page_text: utilizing the same as a motive power for the purpose of working water engines,
water motors, hydraulic lifts, dynamos, washing machines, and raising water to any
given height or forcing water into accumulators under any given pressure, or for
domestic purposes, factories, and the like. I will now proceed to describe the
principle and method of construction as will be seen by referring to the accom-
panying drawings, (although the different drawings are shewn in combination with
a washing machine their use is applicable for various purposes as already
mentioned).
Figure I, C represents the outside walls of a furnace C1 and C2 the doors of same.
C³ represents the fire grate of said furnace and C4 the top or outside shell of same.
D represents a series of copper or any other suitable pipes by preference about!"
in diameter. These pipes are all provided with check valves D₁ at their bottom
end, the pipes themselves extending to whatever height or length the water
requires to be raised, the ends of said pipes are represented as if arranged for
discharging water for the purpose of driving the washing machine on the same
principle as an ordinary water wheel, the upright pipe E in Figure I is the
connecting pipe between the washing machine and the water raiser for conveying
the water from the former to the latter. E¹ is a continuation of E leading the
water to the valves D¹.
When the appliance is at work the washing machine box A is kept always about
half filled with water, the pipes D of course will always keep filled with water up
to the level of the water in box A, the heat from the furnace causing the water to
expand and generate steam also the water is thereby lifted or forced up the
pipes D. The moment the water in them is discharged the pressure in the said
pipes is released the valves D₁ giving way to the weight of water the pipes D
refill again to the level of the water in the box A and is in turn expelled again as
already mentioned.
It will thus be seen that a continuous supply of water to cause the wheel to
revolve is kept up by having a good number of pipes at work together. It will be
observed that the pressure created by the heat will lift a solid body of water if in
a small pipe but will not do so if in a large one, by preference I should use copper
pipes about " in diameter.
Figure III is a plan of Figure I shewing forty pipes at work.
Figure IV is a modification of Figure I.
F is an upright tube about 9" in diameter. F¹ is an outside tube about 10"
in diameter thereby leaving a space about "between the outside and inside
tubes for water the connecting tube E and connection E¹ conveying the water
to the space F2 between the tubes. F3 being the furnace door, and F the
furnace grate, the fire is applied to the inside of the tube (instead of the outside as
in the one already described) the water being lifted by the same means as with the
other and conveyed to the wheel in the same manner, the only difference being the
application of the heat is vice versa.
Another modification of my invention is shewn in Figures VII. G represents
the furnace walls enclosing two or more upright tubes marked H and H respectively.
The said tube is fitted with an outside tube marked H¹ and H₁ respectively the
water in this arrangement (being similar to the.arrangement set forth in Figure I)
is conducted by means of the connecting tube marked E and E' respectively, each
tube being fitted with a check valve at the bottom end, and an escape valve at the
top end with a ball filled with air of sufficient capacity to float and close the valve
when actuated on by the water when the tube is filled with same. The object of
this arrangement being to generate steam between the two tubes H and H¹ the
steam will then ascend to the top of the tube and press or force the water in same
up the tube or pipes marked H2 which discharges the water on to the water wheel,
a continuous supply is kept up by having one pair (or more if so desired) of pipes
working together as shewn. As one tube is forcing the water out the other is
taking its supply in when the water reaches the top of the tube the ball marked 1
closes the valve attached to it and at the same time opens the valve with the ball 2

page_text: attached to it the waste steam escaping into the chamber marked H³ and conveyed
to the jacket or steam space marked H₁ for the purpose of increasing the
temperature of the water in the box A. It will thus be seen that a continuous
supply of water is thereby kept up by means of one or more of the tubes
discharging while the others are filling and that the waste steam is utilized for the
purpose of heating the water as it comes from the wheel. The object for having
the inside tubes marked H₁ and H' respectively is, that the water between the
same and the tube H cannot be forced out of the tubes when at work which
thereby prevents the outside tube from being destroyed by the fire when dis-
charging i.e. water is always in the tube next to the fire although the last particle
in the inside tube H¹ can be discharged without the risk of burning or destroying
the outside tube.
Figure VIII is a plan of Figure VII.
Figure IX is another modification of my invention, the furnace and tubes are
constructed on the same principle as already shewn and described in Figure I with
the exception that the pipes instead of discharging the water direct to the water
wheel the same is discharged into the chamber marked K and in due course forced
through valve K₁ and conveyed by the pipe K2 into the cylinder L, the said
cylinder is fitted with a piston and rod marked L³, the leather washer marked L
prevents the water escaping from said cylinder, the spring M is thereby compressed.
The said spring can be made sufficiently strong if so desired that the water in the
cylinder L can be increased to a pressure of one ton or more per square inch if so
desired. The water thus under pressure can be conveyed for mechanical purposes
through the outlet L. Another modification of this arrangement is, that the
pipe 2 can be connected to the pipe L' which you will observe is fitted with a
piston, rod and washer also, the water if forced into L¹ will also cause the spring M
to be compressed, but by this arrangement the cylinder L could only receive its
supply of water or any other liquid by the leather washer L* giving way to the
same and allowing the water to pass when refilling, i.e. suppose the piston and
washer L to be at the bottom of the cylinder L the water by refilling same would
be in the top end where the spring M works, the piston in its upward movement
would cause the washer L to give way and allow the water to pass which would
be drawn in by the vacuum caused in the under side by the upward movement of
the piston, but to obtain a constant supply of water under pressure by this
arrangement two or more cylinders would require to be at work together.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is,
First. Raising water by means of having one or more pipes constructed and
arranged as shewn in Figures I and II respectively and fitted with check valves
for the purpose of allowing the water access to same and closing the moment that
expansion or pressure takes place by means of heat applied for the purpose
already mentioned and marked C. C¹ C³ C³ C D. D' E. E the same to be worked
for the purpose of raising water for obtaining power or otherwise, for any
mechanical purposes whatever or to be worked in conjunction with the washing
machine as shewn in said Figures 1 and III and all for the purpose already
mentioned, described and set forth in the preceding pages.
Second. Raising water by means of having an outside and inside pipe constructed
and arranged as shewn in Figure IV with or without a check valve and fired
internally or externally, and all for the purpose already mentioned, and marked E. E'
F. F F F F and all for the purpose of raising water for obtaining power or
otherwise for any mechanical purposes whatever, or to be worked in conjunction
with a washing machine as shewn in Figure IV, and all for the purpose already
mentioned described and set forth in the preceding pages.
Third. Raising water by means of having a machine arranged and constructed
as shewn in Figures VII and VIII with one two or more tubes H and H' working
together or separately and fitted with bottom and top valves, the former marked

page_text: and 2 respectively with lever H3 with discharge pipes H2 with jacketed arrange-
ment H and box A with grate and furnace G and fittings complete and all for the
purpose of raising water for obtaining power or otherwise for any mechanical
purposes whatever, or to be worked in conjunction with 'the washing machine as
shown in said Figure IV and all for the purpose already mentioned, described and
set forth in the preceding pages.
Fourth. Forcing water into accumulators under pressure by means of a machine
arranged and constructed according to that shewn in Figure IX and marked K. K'
and K2 with grate valves, furnace and fittings complete to be worked separate or
in conjunction with an accumulator and also in having an accumulator as shewn
in Figure IX for retaining water under pressure and constructed as already shewn
and described and marked L and L' L L L with spring M and all for the
purpose of keeping water under pressure for mechanical purposes or otherwise and
all for the purpose already mentioned and set forth in the preceding pages.
Lastly. In having a combination of one or all the different parts together or
separately with a furnace so constructed that either coal, coke, oil or gas can be
applied, for the purpose of raising water or keeping water under pressure for the
purpose of mechanical purposes or otherwise or for the working of washing or any
other kind of machines or for raising water to any desired height for domestic
purposes or otherwise as described and set forth in the previous pages and shewn
in the various figures of the accompanying drawings.
Dated 19th Jan of T... 1001