IMPROVEMENTS IN hereby declare the nature the said Invention for BOILERS AND FURNACES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Sykes, Benjamin
Clifford Sykes, and James William Crossley at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st May 1861.
We, THOMAS SYKES, Manufacturing Chemist and Oil Merchant, and BEN-
JAMIN CLIFFORD SYKES, M.D., both of Cleckheaton, in the County of York,
and JAMES WILLIAM CROSSLEY, Dyer and Finisher, in the said County, do
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
BOILERS AND FURNACES," to be as as follows:-
This Invention relates to boilers and their furnaces or fire-boxes for
generating, drying, and superheating steam, and comprises modifications of
some of the improvements described in the Specification of Letters Patent for
"Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Water, Air, and other Fluids,
in Steam
Generating and Superheating Steam, Preventing Incrustation
Boilers and Consuming Smoke," granted to the present applicants, under
date 21st March 1860, No. 732, and has for its object the economising of
space and fuel, the circulation of water, the superheating or drying of steam.
developing of an increased power in the boiler, and consists, firstly, in the
[Price 8d.

page_text: use of two concentric tubes of different diameters placed within each other,
and so connected together at the ends as to form an annular space for water
or water and steam between the two tubes, and another space for steam inside
the inner tube. The two tubes may cach have a tight end fastened in so as
to continue the water space along one end or bottom, and be so fastened
together at their other end as to admit of the inner one being easily removed
out of the outer one for purposes of cleaning or repair, the two spaces com-
municating together by any suitable means, and the fire is made to circulate
round the outside. We sometimes connect a chamber with the water and
steam spaces so as to cause the water to circulate from one end of the water
space to the other into the chamber, and thence thro' pipes back again to the
other end to repeat the operation. We also make use of three, four, five
six, or more concentric tubes placed within each other, and so connect them
at the ends as that the spaces between the tubes become water, steam, and
flue spaces, so that we obtain double heating surfaces and steam chamber
room in the interior; and-the-water-flows from-one-end of-one-double tube-to-the
other end, then from it thro' another double iube, and so on thro' the series.
We also construct boilers of two or more tubes, by bending plates so as to
form arcs of circles, the sides or greater width having flanges thereon, which
are secured by reveting or bolting them together; these flanges being
inserted in the brickwork serve to support the boiler.
Secondly, we place a plate of iron or brick, which may be perforated, in the
fore part of furnaces, a little above the fire on which the coal is thrown to be
coked, and then pushed off upon the grate-bars, and by the use of a feeding
hopper, and the placing of a small opening above the fire-door, which opening
may be closed by a small slide door or cover thro' which the tender can see
the state of his fire, and by plying the rake thro' an opening in the fire-door
can feed and stir the fire without opening the fire-door, thro' which, when it is
open so much air enters the furnace and cools down the temperature.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Sykes, Benjamin Clifford Sykes, and James William
Crossley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
SYKES, Manufacturing Chemist and Oil Merchant, BENJAMIN CLIFFORD
SYKES, M.D., both of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, and JAMES
WILLIAM CROSSLEY, Dyer and Finisher, in the same County, send, greeting

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Sykes, Benjamin Clifford Sykes. and James William Crossley,
Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Sykes, Benjamin Clifford Sykes,
and James William Crossley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Thomas Sykes, Benjamin Clifford Sykes, and
James William Crossley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter, during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we the said Thomas Sykes, Benjamin Clifford Sykes, and James
William Crossley, our executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain, the nature, of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Sykes, Benjamin Clifford
Sykes, and James William Crossley, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to boilers and their furnaces or fire-boxes for gene-
rating, drying, and superheating steam, and comprises modifications of some
of the improvements described in the Specification of Letters Patent for
improvements in apparatus for heating air, water, and other fluids, generating
and superheating steam, preventing incrustation in steam boilers, and con-
suming smoke, granted to the present applicants, under date Twenty-first day
of March, One thousand eight hundred and sixty, No. 732, and has for its
object the economising of space and fuel, the circulation of water, the super-
heating or drying of steam, the developing of an increased power in the boiler.
and consists, firstly, in the use of two concentric tubes of differeni diameters
placed the one within the other, and so connected together as to form an
annular space between the two cylinders for water and a steam chamber
within the inner cylinder. On the top side of one end of the outer cylinder
we place a small steam and water chamber in communication with the

page_text: annular water space between the two cylinders, the upper part of which is in
communication with the central steam chamber within the inner cylinder.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal vertical section of the concentric boiler,
in which A is the outer cylinder, and B the inner cylinder, the space between
the two cylinders C forming the water chamber, and the interior of the inner
cylinder B forming the steam chamber D. The small steam chamber E is in
communication with the central steam chamber D through the pipe F, whilst
the lower part of E communicates immediately with the water chamber C,
and also at the upper part with the other end of the said water chamber by
means of the pipe G, the fire being applied to the outside surface of the
cylinder A. It will now be readily seen that the hot water in C, when the
boer is working, will pass along the annular water space C into the
chamber E, deliver its steam in the upper part-thereof,-then--return..by
the pipe G to the other end of the annular water chamber to repeat the same
movement; whilst the steam in the upper part of E will, by the pipe F, pass
into the central steam chamber D: The two concentric tubes may have
removable ends, as shown in the Drawing, and the inner cylinder may be
removed for purposes of cleaning, &c., the feed water being supplied through
the pipe II, and the pipe M conveying the steam to the engine or other
destination.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is another form of the concentric boiler, in which the same
letters refer to the same or corresponding parts, as in Fig. 1, Sheet 2; the
pipe is the feed water pipe, and I, the water line. Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is an
end elevation thereof. We also make use of three, four, five, or more con-
centric tubes, or nearly concentric ones, place them the one within the other,
and so connect them at the ends as that the spaces between the tubes become
water, steam, and flue spaces, so as that we obtain double heating surfaces and
sicam chamber room in the interior, the the water flowing along the water
chamber of each double tube in succession.
Fig. 3, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal vertical section of a boiler with three
cylinders, in which the same letters refer to the same or corresponding parts, as
in Fig 1. L, L, are supporis for the tube W, within which the pipe F may
be continued, as shown, by the dotted lines. The fire plays on the outside of
tube A, then comes along K, as shown by the arrows. But the steam
chamber D may be made a water chamber, and made to communicate with
the double concentric tubes A and B at one end, as shown by the dotted lines
at O, whilst the feed water and the water from the lower part of E are con-
ducted into it at the other end. In this case the pipe F is taken away, except
a separate steam chamber in lieu of D be added, in which case the pipe F

page_text: connects the two steam chambers together. Fig. 4. Sheet 1, has dis
concentric tubes. in which the same letters refer to the same or corresponding
parts, as in Fig. 3, but in this case K is the internal steam chamber. and D
the return flue, but no supports . L. are needed.
Fig. 2, Sheet 2. is an end elevation of a boiler of two double concentric
tubes, and Fig. 3. is a longitudinal vertical section thereof. Cylinders A and B
form the first double concentric tube. and cylinders A. B'. form the second
one: K is the flue space between them. and D. the internal steam chamber,
which communicates, as before. with the steam and water chamber E by the
pipe F. which chamber E is a separate chamber. and may assume a variety
of forms, and which is connected below the water line I, with the water
chamber C by the pipe Q. whilst C and C communicate with each other
thro' the pipes O. O, and P, P. serve as supports to A', B', at one end.
When the boiler is working the water will flow into C' through the feed
pipe H and pipe G. then along C', through 0, 0, into C, along C and
through Qinto E; then down the pipe G to make the same circuit again,
whilst the steam will rush up into the upper part of E.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal vertical section of a boiler having two
double concentric tubes and a single one W; the single one W contains the
internal steam chamber D. N is a pipe open to C', but closed to C, through
which the feed water from II, and the water from the pipe G pass into C¹,
The course of the
then along C to O, through O into C, along C into E.
fire is in the direction of the arrows. The other letters refer to the same or
corresponding parts, as in Fig 3, Sheet 2.
Figure 5, Sheet 1, is an end elevation of a boiler, having three double
concentric tubes; and Fig. 6, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal vertical section of the
The water
same, of which B and A is the inner double concentric tube.
circulates through C, O, C'. O, C, into E, whilst the fire takes round the
boiler spirally, as shown by the brickwork T, and then in the direction of the
arrows. In order to provide sufficient steam chamber room a separate steam
chamber may be attached. The other letters in the Fig. represent the same
or corresponding parts, as in the other Figures. We also construct boilers of
two or more tubes by bending plates so as to form arcs of circles, the sides or
greater width having flanges thereon, which are secured together by revetting
or bolting; the flanges being inserted in the brickwork serve to support the
boiler.
Secondly, in the use of a coking plate of iron, brick. or other suitable material
placed between the roof of the furnace above the grate bars, and the grate bars,
on which the coals are thrown and coked, and then pushed off on to the bars.

page_text: Fig. 5, Sheet 2, shows this plate at M; also, in the use of a novel coal
feeding apparatus, whereby the passage over the fire of that very large
quantity of cold air which takes place, whilst the fireman, with his fire-door
open, is raking and stirring his fire, and supplying fresh coal. It consists
of a box fastened to the mouth of the furnace and open to it at the back,
on the top of which is placed a hopper which communicates with the
interior of the box, but which is provided with a slide which works in a groove
to close and open that communication. The front side of the box is fitted up
with two doors one above the other, the lower one being of the ordinary size.
and having a small hole in it through which the shaft of a rake can be plied,
whilst the upper one is only a very shallow door, just sufficiently large, when
open, for the fireman to see the state of his fire. The coal is thrown into the
_hopper, and when the slide is withdrawn, they fall into the box below; the
slide is now replaced, and more coal thrown into the hopper. The workman
now opens the little door, and with his rake, whose shaft works through the
hole in the larger door, pushes back the hotter coal and coke, and then
thrusts the greener coal into its place. Fig. 6, Sheet-2, represents a Drawing
in vertical section of this little apparatus
Having thus fully described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be distinctly understood.
that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details and combinations herein
set forth, as such may be modified without departing from the peculiar features
of our Invention; nor do we claim any of the well-known parts herein
described for purposes of illustration.