IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF ADRIDIALAT COMPROMERED FOR LINING on Woon wen Case OF ARTIFICIAL COMBUSTIBLE FOR LIGHTING OF WOOD AND COAL
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elias Weiskopf, of Pesth, in Hungary, and No. 5,
Claremont Square, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF
ADRIDIALAT COMPROMERED FOR LINING on Woon wen Case "
Sealed the 19th February 1861, and dated the 8th September 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Elias Weiskopf at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
September 1860.
I, ELIAS WEISKOPF, of Pesth, in Hungary, and of No. 5, Claremont
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS
OF ARTIFICIAL COMBUSTIBLE FOR LIGHTING OF WOOD AND COAL," to be as
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in producing an improved composition particularly
applicable for lighting of wood and coal. I take two hundredweight of refuse
of valonea (this refuse is obtained after use having been made of valonea by
the tanners or others); the same is dried and sifted for the purpose; I then
add 250 lbs. of powdered colophony; I further take 50 lbs. of coal tar and.
30 lbs. of powdered red ochre; mix all well, place this mixture in a boiler,
which I heat by steam. This mixture is stirred up in the boiler until it is.

page_text: formed to a kind of paste. This paste I place on an iron plate or on wood,
place the same over proper moulds, and pass the same through a press, and
thereby obtain the desired shape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Elias Weiskopf in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th March 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ELIAS
WEISKOPF, of Pesth, in Hungary, and No. 5, Claremont Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Elias Weiskopf, Her special licence that I, the said Elias Weiskopf, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Elias
Weiskopf, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF ARTIFICIAL COMBUSTIBLE FOR LIGHTING OF
WOOD AND COAL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Elias Weiskopf, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Elias Weiskopf, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists in producing an improved artificial combustible
applicable to kindling fires, especially of coals and wood. To manufacture
such combustible for kindling fires, I take about two hundred pounds
avoirdupoids of refuse of valonea, which for the purpose to which I apply it

page_text: may have been already used for other purposes, dry it, and sift the same to
such degree as may be required; I add to it two hundred and fifty pounds of
colophany after the same has been powdered; I then add about fifty pounds
of coal tar and thirty pounds of red ochre or clay; the whole of these
ingredients are thoroughly mixed; I then heat all in a suitable vessel by fire
or steam to any degree required, and stir the same until the same assumes the
form of paste. The paste so obtained I spread on iron plates or boards (see
Drawing No. 1), transfer the same on the moulds (see Drawing No. 2), and
place the same under the press (No. 8), to the spindle of which a board (see
No. 3) is fixed, forming twenty-five conical or pyramidical points (see lett. C of
No. 8), by pressing it down on the paste is forming the same into twenty-five
hollow pyramids, the tops of which are open. Every mould (see No. 2) placed
under the press has as a counterpart twenty-five corresponding small openings,
into which the aforesaid points fit; the said twenty-five openings are open at
the ends, in which openings the twenty-five points of the twenty-five pyramidical
bodies enter; the moulds pass on the press on a support (see No. 4 of the
Drawing) containing five paralled cuttings, containing twenty-five knives, by
which the paste pressed through the twenty-five openings of the moulds is cut
off, which is effected by merely moving the moulds to the opposite direction
after. By cutting the paste forced thro' the holes of the moulds, each
pyramid gets openings admitting a current of air, and thereby increased in-
flammability. The remaining mass is collected underneath the press in a box,
and afterwards put again in the heating vessel, so that nothing is lost. The
iron plate (No. 1) and the mould (No. 2) is to be put in water before the
same are used, in order to avoid the sticking of the warm paste to the metal or
wood. After each lift of the press the full mould is put over rollers on the
turning disc "C" (see Drawing No. 13), and thence on "D," on which the
superfluous paste which passes over the mould is cut off; the plate is then re-
moved, and the mould placed in the smaller cistern "E" (see Drawing No. 13)
in order to cool the same. From the cistern the mould, when cooled, is placed
on the turning disc "F," and thence on the similar disc "A," where again
paste is put on, and then put under the press. The turning discs "A," "C," "D,"
and "F," and the tables placed between are connected by rollers and bands
for the easier moving of the rather heavy moulds. In order that the work may
not be interrupted, 6 or 10 moulds (see Drawing No. 2) and 2 plates (see
No. 3) are required; of the former always several, of the latter only one
remains in the cistern for cooling, whilst only one (previously dipped in the
cistern) is placed to the screw of the press, and used until it gets hot, when it
is replaced by another one from the cistern. The press is provided with a

page_text: screw with treble turn, by which the working of the press is greatly facilitated;
the press is quicker and with more power worked by a wheel instead of by a
lever. Five or six workmen will easily produce by this machinery 50,000
lighters per day. Every mould is carefully made from an original mould (see
Drawing No. 12); every row of pyramids will therefore exactly fit to the other,
whereby in packing much space is saved, an important object for storing or
carrying this article. As regards the accompanying Drawings, the following
remarks, will explain the same :-
:
No. 1 represents the iron plate over which the paste is spread and then
placed on the moulds; No. 1, profile of the same; No. 2, mould of. 25
pyramidical holes, with square openings; and No. 2, profile of the same;
No. 3, brass plate, to which 25 points of zink or iron are fixed; this plate
is placed to the screw of the press for the purpose of pressing the paste
into the mould underneath (No. 2); No.: 3ª, profile of the same; No. 4,
permanently fixed bottom plate, showing five cuttings and twenty-five knives
fixed therein for the purpose above mentioned; 5, ready-made set of twenty-
five coal lighters; 5*, profile of same; 6, profile of No. 2 and 3 under the
greatest pressure; 7, profile of two sets of coal lighters ready to be packed;
8, front view of the press; "A," the above described flying wheel, with four
handles; B, the screw; C, the brass plate, with twenty-five points (see No. 3);
D, tacks, between which the moulds are moving in order to press the paste;
E, F, G, tables with rollers, bands, and turning discs for moving, the moulds;
9, profile of the press; A, bottom plate (No. 4), with mould on the same, and
box underneath to receive the cuttings of the paste; B is the cistern; C, D,
are the tables, rollers, and dises; 10, 11, 12, profiles of the interior and external
front view of original mould for founding the moulds. No. 10 and 11
represent the profile, both parts in their connected state. No. 11 represents
the conical forms; No. 10 the corresponding openings by which the points of
the cones enter in order to make the small square holes. The sidings of
Nos. 10 and 11 are placed in a metal box marked B on No. 12, and serve to
keep both parts together. The sidings of the original mould are also of metal.
C represents the handles of the mould; 12, screw of the press from above;
A is the turning disc on which the mould is placed in order to be covered
with paste; B, bottom plate, with five cuttings and 25 knives; C, D, turning
dises on which the mould is placed with the paste as pressed on D; the paste
falling down is cut off, the plate removed in order to place the mould into the
cistern E, whence it is put on the turning dise F, and replaced to A; "g. 9,"
represents the tables, and "h, h," the rollers, 14, a roller for the manufacture of
hollow pyramidical lighters of a smaller size, which I simply call fire-lighters;

page_text: it consists of a cistern A for wetting the roller B by means of brushes affixed
to the roller, which presses the paste spread on the mould R, after the same has
been placed on a moveable endless chain E, and then passes under the roller B ;
C represents bands for steadying the moulds; D represents the rollers over
which the moulds pass if the machine is working; E is the endless chain
which passes over the square roller F and the hexagonal roller G, thereby
drawing the moulds supplied with paste over the roller D under the roller B;
H represent iron columns carrying the supports in which the roller. B is
moving; I represents the small wheel on the handle by which the machine is
put in motion; K, the larger wheel on which the smaller (I) is working;
L, M, N, O, represent the different wheels for moving chain and roller; P, the
flying wheel for facilitating the turning; Q, a wooden stand on which the
whole machine rests; R, plain mould; S, mould filled with paste; T, ready
pressed fire-lighters after having passed the roller B.
By this machine 500,000 lighters might be manufactured per day. 14",
side view, showing working of the wheels L, M, N, O; C, the hexagonal
roller by which the endless chain E is drawn over the square roller F; 14,
profile of the roller B, of the chain and moulds placed on the same; 14°, view
of the chain from above; 14d, profile of the same; 14°, roller for pressing;
15, ready set of 100 fire-lighters; 15%, profile of same; 16, mould for 100
fire-lighters; 16, profile of same; 17, view of two sets of fire-lighters placed
one against the other ready to be packed.
Concerning the materials to be used for the manufacture of the coal and
fire-lighters, I prefer the refuse of valonea, colophany, and coal tar. I also
employ any other materials fit for the same purpose, for instance, in the place
of refuse of valonea, I employ powdered refuse of any combustible matter;
and in the place of colophany, any other proper resinous substance. In
order to diminish smoke, I employ every sort of lard, acid, or salt, with the
substances above named.
I make by the above machinery or roller these articles of pyramidical and
other shapes, either hollow or filled with any combustible matter, either of the
size or sizes above mentioned, or of any other enlarged or reduced size, either
perforated or not perforated, either in one or several sets, at once by the above
machinery or roller.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein laid down of materials or quan-
tities, as they may be varied according to circumstances. What I claim is,―
1. The manufacture of an artificial combustible applicable for lighting coals

page_text: or wood by the employment of refuse of valonea, colophony, and coal tar
combined with other combustible or resinous substances, and manufactured in
the above-described manner.
2. The employment of the above machinery described in the Drawings
annexed herewith, for the manufacture of the aforesaid artificial combustible
in the shape mould or machinery described as above, or in any other shape
mould and machinery aforesaid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Elias Weiskopf, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
ELIAS WEISKOPF. (L.S.)