Improvements in and connected with Looms for Simultaneously Weaving Two or More Fabrics.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1892-
Complete Specification Left, 24th Aug., 1892-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1892
[Communicated from abroad by EMILE LONGJAHR, of 9, Rue de Florence, Paris,
in the French Republic, Engineer.]
Improvements in and connected with Looms for Simultaneously
Weaving Two or More Fabrics.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS of 70 Market Street Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus employed in looms for simultaneously weaving
two or more fabrics, for the purpose of forming false selvedges.
In such apparatus as generally constructed, one of the false selvedge threads
passes alternately to the right and to the left of a fixed thread, and several attempts
have been made to secure by such apparatus a selvedge which is not liable to
unravel, but without complete success.
In place of adopting this method of forming the selvedges, a rotary motion of the
false selvedge threads is employed, so as to form with them a kind of continuous
cord in the strands of which the weft threads are very securely bound.
An apparatus constructed according to these improvements consists essentially
of two portions; that is to say :-First, of a support upon which are fixed two.
pivots, each of which has mounted upon it a metal disc having a diameter preferably
not exceeding four inches. This support may be fixed upon an iron bar secured to
the framing of the loom below the warp, and in such a manner that the two discs
are respectively opposite to the two selvedges which they are required to produce.
Second, the apparatus consists of a vertical guide in which there is mounted a
lifting bar carrying a double hook. The guide is arranged perpendicularly between
the two false selvedges and behind the healds and mails.
Each of the discs carries a bobbin having four threads and four thread guides,.
the bobbins turning upon the same, pivots as the discs. The thread guides are
equally spaced around the edges of the discs and each of them receives one of the
threads from the, bobbins.
At the back of each disc there are arranged four driving studs, equally spaced,
arranged in square, and with these there engage suitable clicks or dogs by
means of which the discs may be turned through a quarter turn for each stroke of
the beat-up motion of the loom. A detent is arranged to press, by means of a
spring, against two of the driving studs so as to keep the discs in a fixed position
after each quarter turn.
The clicks or dogs are carried on a flat bar at the back of the discs and has a to
and fro motion imparted to it from the beat-up motion through the intermediary of
a cord wire or other suitable means. The rectilinear movement of the bar may be
ensured by two gudgeons passing through long slots formed therein, and in case a
positive to and fro motion is not imparted to the bar, it may be pulled in one:
direction by means of a spiral spring attached to the end of the bar.
The lifting bar.which carries the double hook, is carried in two slides formed in
the guide, and is lifted simultaneously with the healds at each stroke of the beat-up.,
After each lift the lifting bar may be drawn down by a spiral spring or weight.
The threads for the false selvedges pass from the bobbins through their
respective thread guides, and a long slit in the guide, the four threads of the right
bobbin to the right of the double hook and the four threads of the left bobbin to.
the left, and thence through the dents of the reed. The long slit in the guide is
larger at the bottom than at the upper part, and forms a kind of chamber on each,

page_text: •
side of the hook; it is in this space or chamber that the bobbin threads
successively present themselves to the hook.
During the operation of the loom, the two discs turn one quarter turn for each
stroke of the beat-up, and twist. the threads into a cord. At each, stroke, the
double hook seizes, to the right and to the left, one thread from each bobbin, and
these threads are then lifted with the healds so that the shuttle may pass below.
The threads are then lowered simultaneously with the shedding, and at the next
stroke the following two threads are presented and lifted, always one to the right
and one to the left of the double hook, and these motions are repeated throughout
the weaving.
The false selvedges obtained as herein before described, are completely solid, and
greater or less substance may be given to them by using thicker or thinner yarn as
may be required by the kind of fabric woven.
The tension of the false selvedge threads may be obtained by means of rubber
cords secured to screws in the discs, so that by turning the screws the tension may
be regulated at will.
The discs carrying the bobbins may both turn in the same direction at the same
time, or one may turn to the right and the other to the left, according as it may be
desired to have a right or left hand twist in the sclvedge cord produced by them.
For this purpose arrangements are made for reversing the driving clicks or dogs.
By employing threads of different colours, a multi-coloured twist "edging may
be obtained such as cannot be secured by any other known means and which may
thus form a characteristic means for identification or trade mark.
. :
Several of the apparatus may be arranged so as to enable more than two
widths of fabric to be woven simultaneously, and by employing smaller discs,
or by superimposing two or more ranges of them, the narrowest ribbons may
be woven.
More or less than four threads may be used on a single bobbin and there may be
a central or fixed thread, in whicli case this thread would be carried out through
a hollow journal.
If desired, the apparatus may be placed above instead of below the warp, in
which event the hooks instead of lifting, would be arranged to draw down the
threads.
12 ... 1:
When the apparatus is arranged below the warp, it is preferred to cover it with
a wire-work grill or grating to prevent the entanglement or breaking which might
arise from contact of the warp threads with the false selvedge threads...
Dated this 1st day of March A.D. 1892.
1 ..
WILLIAM E. HEYS.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Looms for Simultaneously
Weaving Two or More Fabrics.
I, WILLIAM EDWIN HEYS, of 70 Market Street, Manchester in the County of
Lancaster, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :
This invention relates to apparatus employed in looms for simultaneously
weaving two or more fabrics, for the purpose of forming false selvedges..
In such apparatus as at present generally constructed, one of the false selvedge
threads passes alternately to the right and to the left of a fixed thread, and several
attempts have been made to secure by such apparatus, a selvedge which is not
liable to unravel, but without complete success.
In place of adopting this method, I employ a rotary motion of false selvedge
threads so as to form with them a kind of continuous cord, in the strands of which
the weft threads are very securely bound.

page_text: An apparatus constructed for the purpose
accompanying drawings to which reference will hereinafter be had.
In these drawings,
Figure 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section through the essential parts of
a power loom to which these improvements are applied.
Figure 2, is a plan of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a front elevation, Figure 4, à plan, and Figures 5 and 6 cross sections
of the thread rotating devices.
Figures 7, 8, and 9, represent on an enlarged scale, side and front views
respectively of the arrangement of the healds, and Figure 10, shews how the healds
are operated by the sley.
Figure 11, is a front elevation of the rule, shewn also by Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6.
The apparatus constructed according to this invention consists of two essential
parts, that is to say-(1) of the devices for rotating the selvedge threads; and,
(2) of apparatus which acts as healds for these threads.
C, each
In the thread rotating device, upon a support, there are fixed two pivots c
of which has mounted upon it a metal disc d, having preferably a maximum diameter
of about four inches. These two discs are provided with spur teeth through which
they are geared together. The support h, may be fixed upon an iron bar a, secured
at each end to the framing of the loom, below the warp, and in such a manner that
the two discs are respectively opposite to the selvedges which are required to be
produced.
Each of the discs carries upon its front side, or the side facing the healds, a
bobbin f, having four threads wound thereon, and four thread guides e, each bobbin
turning upon the same pivot as its disc. This pivot c, is hollow and is traversed by
a central thread which forms a core for the selvedge and which is wound upon the
bobbin f, arranged at the back of the apparatus, whence the thread runs through
the pivot to the thread guide f", which is also constructed to turn the thread twice at
right angles and thus to act as a tension regulator. The four thread guides e, are
equally spaced around the edge of the disc, as shewn by Figure 3, and each of
them receives a thread from the bobbin f.
At the back of each of the discs d, there are arranged four equally spaced
driving studs i, and with these there engage suitable clicks or dogs k, by means of
which the discs may be turned through either a quarter or half a turn, at. each
stroke of the sley. A detent 1, (Figures 3, 5, and 6,) is arranged to press by means
of a spring o, against one of the driving studs of each disc, so as to keep the discs
in a fixed position after each quarter or half turn.
A flat bar j, carries the dogs k, and receives through the intermediary of a
suitable cord or wire or through any other suitable connecting device, from the
sley, a to and fro motion of such a kind that the dogs, when they are both arranged
to act upon the driving studs of the discs d, impart to them a half turn for each
stroke of the sley, or a quarter turn only, when one of the dogs only operates upon
the driving studs. The bar j, is provided with two slots, through which it is
supported by the two gudgeons, (Figures 2 and 4). These gudgeons are fixed
upon a bracket attached to the bar a, and the bar j is pulled in one direction by
the cord and spring a, and is returned in the other direction by means of a
spring at the opposite end of the bar. (Figures 1, 3, and 11.)
If it be desired to turn the discs through a half of a 'turn for each stroke of the
sley, the two dogs are allowed to remain down and in operation, but if, on the
contrary, only a quarter turn be desired, one of the dogs will be lifted out of action
as shewn by Figure 11. This may be accomplished by means of a cord attached
to each dog as shewn, or by means of a disengaging screw or otherwise.
Each of the dogs is connected with the stop motion of the loom through the two
cords shown in Figures 3, 4, and 11, so that the weaver is in complete command of
the apparatus for the purpose of piecing broken ends and for other purposes, for,
independently of the automatic disconnection thus provided for, she can also put
the dogs out of action by hand.

page_text: The two discs d, which carry the bobbins, rotate, because of the engagement of
their teeth, one to the right and the other to the left, and the holes w, bored and
tapped in the flat bar j, are provided for the purpose of permitting the positions of
the dogs to be changed if it should be thought necessary to change the direction of
rotation.
The apparatus which lifts the threads alternately for the passage between them
of the weft at each shoot, consists of a vertical guide 9, (Figures 7, 8, and 9,) in
-the middle of which there is mounted in the guides g' the vertical lifting bar ",
carrying the double hook 8, which acts for the selvedge threads, in the same manner
as the healds for the warp. The shape and dimensions of the hook and of the.
bar on which it is mounted, are arranged to suit the work to be done in cach case.
The guide y, is mounted vertically between the two selvedges, and behind the
healds, (Figure 1). The lifting bar is drawn up at each stroke of the sley by any
convenient means, as for example that illustrated by Figure 10, by which the
motion is communicated through cords and the rocking lever y.
The threads for the false selvedges pass from the bobbins, through their
respective thread guides, and a long slit z, formed in the guide
the four threads
from the right bobbin to the right of the bar, and the four threads from the left bobbin
to the left of the bar, and thence all pass through the dents of the reed. The long slit,
in the guide 7, is enlarged at the bottom as shewn by Figure 8, where it forms a
kind of chamber ch, on each side of the bar. As shewn by the figure, three of the
bobbin threads are in each chamber, the other two threads being supposed to be
lifted, one on each side of the hook s. It is in this chamber that the threads
present themselves successively to be lifted by the hook.
During the operation of the loom, the two discs d, turn a quarter or a half turn
for each stroke of the beat up motion and thus twist the threads from the bobbin
into a cord. At each stroke, the double hooks, seizes to the right and to the left
respectively, a thread from each bobbin presented to it by the act of rotation of the
discs, and these threads are then lifted with the hooks so that the shuttle may pass;
below. The threads are then lowered simultaneously with the shed, and at the
next stroke, the following two threads are presented and lifted, always one to the
right and one to the left of the double hook, and these notions are repeated
throughout the weaving, so that for every stroke the positions of the threads are
changed in the chambers, following each other successively as they are rotated by.
the discs.
The false selvedges obtained as described, are completely solid, and greater or
less substance may be given to them by using thicker or thinner, harder or softer
threads, as may be required by the fabric to be woven.
The tension of the false selvedge threads may be regulated by means of india-
rubber cords fastened to the screws g, secured in the discs. These cords pass over
a broadened flange of the bobbin on which they act as brakes, and the amount of
tension may be regulated at will by turning the screws.
By employing on one bobbin, threads of different colours, a multi-coloured twist
edging may be obtained which cannot be secured by any other means, and which
may thus form a characteristic means for identification, or trade mark.
Several of the apparatus may be arranged upon the same bar so as to enable
more than two fabrics to be woven simultaneously, and by employing smaller discs,
and by superimposing two or more ranges of them, the narrowest ribbons may be
woven.
More or fewer than four threads may, if desired, be wound upon each bobbin for
particular cases, but for ordinary work I prefer to use four as described.
If desired also, the apparatus may be placed above, instead of below the warp,
in which event the hooks, instead of lifting, would be arranged to draw down the
threads.
When the apparatus is arranged below the warp, it is desirable to cover it with
a wire-work grill or netting, to prevent the entanglement or breakages which might
possibly result from contact of the warp threads with the false selvedge threads.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for producing two or more false selvedges simultaneously,.
constructed arranged and operated substantially as hereinbefore described and as.
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. In apparatus for producing false selvedges, the combination and arrangement
with two rotary discs of a bobbin on each disc wound with separate threads, a
thread guide for each thread, means for rotating the discs from the sley, and a
double hook for shedding the threads, substantially as hereinbefore described and
as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
3. Means for producing a false selvedge, consisting essentially of devices for
twisting the false selvedge threads into a cord within the strands of which the weft
is locked, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accom-
panying drawings.
10 1 of Anouust A D 1809
WILLIAM E. HEYS.