IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR GRINDING GRAIN OR SEEDS.
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hammond Bentall, of Heybridge, near
Maldon, in the County of Essex, Agricultural Implement Maker, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR GRINDING
GRAIN OR SEEDS.
Sealed the 17th April 1860, and dated the 28th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hammond Bentall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1859.
I, EDWARD HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, near Maldon, in the County
of Essex, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR GRINDING
GRAIN OR SEEDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for crushing or grinding grain
or seeds, relates, in the first place, to a novel arrangement for feeding the
material to be operated upon to the grinding or crushing rollers; second, to a
novel mode of constructing the bearings of the said rollers, or of mounting the
latter so as to admit of their adjusting themselves accurately to their working,
or of yielding when subjected to undue strain, as for instance, when any hard
substance accidentally enters between the rollers. The last improvement
relates to a mode of making the crushing or grinding roller for certain
descriptions of crushing or grinding apparatus.
My first improvement consists in adapting to the exit aperture of the hopper

page_text: immediately above the crushing or grinding roller a moveable and adjustable
cover, whereby the quantity of grain or seed fed to the rollers may be
regulated. The most convenient mode of applying this cover is to construct it
of a semi-circular or curved form, and divide it into two parts, which may be
made to fit above the roller and to slide in and out through suitable slots cut
in the neck of the hopper. The parts of the cover are actuated by a screw
and nuts, whereby they may be pushed in or out above the roller, and thereby
restrict the opening through which the grain or seeds pass to the rollers.
My second improvement consists in mounting the bearings of the crushing
roller on swivels or joints, so as to admit of their adjusting themselves to their
work.
My last improvement consists in making the crushing or grinding rollers of
cast steel, either cast, solid, or in the form of a cylinder, fitted on to a shaft or
axle. The surface of these steel rollers may be serrated, grooved, or otherwise
formed, with indentations or projections, according to the material it is
intended to operate upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Hammond Bentall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 28th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
HAMMOND BENTALL, of Heybridge, near Maldon, in the County of Essex,
Agricultural Implement Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, Her special license that I, the said
Edward Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR GRINDING GRAIN OR SEEDS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Hammond
Bentall, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should par-

page_text: ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):--
My Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for Crushing or Grinding
Grain or Seeds," relates, in the first place, to machines for crushing or bruising
oats or soft seeds, and, secondly, to machines for cutting up, crushing or
bruising beans or other hard seeds. My first improvement consists in a
novel arrangement of parts for regulating the feed of the oats to the bruising,
crushing, or grinding rollers. The next improvement connected with this
head of the Invention relates to a novel mode of constructing the bearings of
the crushing, bruising, or grinding rollers, or of mounting the latter so as to
admit of them adjusting themselves accurately to their work, and to enable the
attendant to lubricate the bearings with facility. The last improvement, and
which forms the second head of the Invention, relates to a novel or improved
mode of making the crushing or grinding roller for crushing or grinding beans
and other hard seeds. My first improvement consists in adapting to the
exit aperture of the hopper of a machine for crushing, bruising, or grinding
oats, and immediately above the feeding and crushing rollers, a moveable
and adjustable cover or sliding gate, whereby the quantity of grain or seed
fed to the rollers may be regulated as may be desired. This moveable or
adjustable cover or sliding gate may be made either flat or concave, and is
provided with an opening, which I prefer to be of a semicircular or curved
form, as shewn in the Drawings, or the opening may be made angular. This
moveable or adjustable cover may also, if desired, be divided into two parts,.
which may be made to fit against each other above the roller, and to slide in
and out through suitable slots cut in the neck of the hopper. These parts of the
cover may be actuated by a screw and nuts whereby they may be pushed in or
out simultaneously above the roller, and thereby restrict the opening through.
which the grain or seeds passes to the rollers, or they may be moved in and
out by hand.
In the accompanying Drawings I have shewn various views of a machine
in which all my different improvements are combined, so that the machine
shewn in the Drawings may be used either for crushing or bruising oats,

page_text: or for crushing or kibbling beans or other hard seeds, but I sometimes propose
to construct the machine or apparatus for crushing or bruising oats or seeds
separate and distinct from the machine or apparatus for cutting, crushing, or
kibbling beans or other hard seeds.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the combined machine; Fig. 2 is a plan
view of the same; and Fig. 3 is an end elevation. The framing of the
machine is seen at a, a; b is the hopper belonging to the oat crushing or
bruising machine, and seen only in Fig. 1; c is the hopper belonging to the
kibbling mill for breaking or crushing beans or other hard seeds. At the bottom
of the hopper b, Fig. 1, and immediately above the grooved feeding roller d, is
the moveable or adjustable plate or sliding cover e, seen detached in plan at
Fig. 4. This moveable plate or cover e works or slides in a slot made in the
casting f, which forms the neck of the hopper and the channel for conveying the
oats or seeds to the crushing or bruising rollers. This plate has a semicircular
opening made as shewn in Fig. 4, and also a slot through which passes a screw g,
provided with a fly-nut for tightening the screw on the plate which, as
arranged in Fig. 1, is intended to be moved in or out by hand. By thus
moving the plate e in or out under the opening at the bottom of the hopper,
the passage for oats or grain will be more or less restricted as may be required,
and the plate may be fixed at any given point by means of the screw and
nut g. By thus causing the grain to pass through a hole in the moveable
plate the oats will be allowed to fall on to the central part of the feeding
roller d, shewn detached at Fig. 4*. Instead of only one sliding plate or cover,
as shewn at Fig. 1, a pair of plates made to move simultaneously may be used.
An arrangement of this kind is shewn in the detached views, Figs. 5
and 6. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 6, a sectional plan view;
e, e, are two plates fitted to slide one on the other in a slot cut or made in
the neck of the feeding channel f, and having curved or semicircular. spaces,
notches, or openings cut in their inner ends. They are provided with side
lugs or ears e¹, e¹, which are screwed internally to receive the right and left-
banded screw h (Fig. 6), which has a square end fitted to receive a key or
other instrument whereby it may be turned when it is desired to draw the
plates e and e apart so as to increase the opening e² for the passage of the
oats or seeds. The plates e and e may be made either flat, as shewn in the
Drawing, or curved or concave to fit the curvature of the feeding roller d
and they may be moved in or out by hand instead of by means of the right
and left-handed screw, as shewn. On the axle of the grooved feeding roller d
is a band wheel i, over which passes a band or strap from a pulley on the
wain driving shaft of the machine, and on this shaft is mounted the large

page_text: crushing wheel or roller j, the periphery of which rotates against the periphery
of the smaller crushing wheel or roller k. This smaller crushing wheel or
roller is mounted in moveable swivel bearings 1, 1, (Fig. 2) hereafter more
particularly described, and is driven by friction of contact of the larger wheel
or roller when any substance comes between the two rollers. The boxes of
the bearings of the smaller wheel or roller are kept in contact with set
screws q, q, by means of the spring m, which acts against the opposite ends of
the cast-iron boxes n, n, containing the swivel bearings 1, 1, as seen best in
Fig. 2.
The cast-iron boxes
Figs. 7, 8, and 9, represent one of my improved swivel bearings detached.
By means of the set screws 2, 9, the two crushing rollers may be so arranged
as never to come in actual contact, but are brought so close together as to
crack or bruise every grain that passes between them.
n, n, are provided on their under sides with projecting blocks, which slide or
work in slots made in the top of the side bars of the frame, as shewn at o in
Fig. 10. By this means the bearings may have an endway motion, as will be
required when a stone or other hard substance accidentally gets between the
two crushing or bruising rollers; but in addition to this motion, which is
common to many machines of this description, the bearings are mounted on
journals p (Figs. 7 and 8), so as to admit of their having a rocking motion
also so as to enable them to yield in more than one direction, and thereby
prevent unnecessary friction or wear on some of the parts. By constructing
bearings in this manner, I am enabled to give the journals of the roller a
longer bearing surface than if the bearings were constructed in the ordinary
manner. A box at the top of the bearing is intended to receive lubricating
material, and is provided with a cover to keep out the dust.
My last improvement relates to kibbling mills or machines for breaking or
crushing beans or other hard seeds, and consists in making the crushing or
grinding rollers of such machines of cast steel either cast solid or in the form
of a cylinder fitted on to a shaft or axle. The surface of these steel rollers
may be serrated, grooved, or otherwise formed with indentations or pro-
jections according to the material it is intended to operate upon. Fig. 11 is
a side view of a bean kibbling mill, with a cast steel crushing or breaking
roller y adapted thereto. In the combined machine shewn in the Drawings
the roller y is mounted on the shaft or axle of the large crushing roller j of
the oat crushing or bruising machine, and which shaft is, in fact, the main
driving shaft of the machine.
Fig. 12 is a sectional view of the roller y detached. It will be seen that
the external surface of the roller is serrated, and that there are spaces

page_text: between the teeth for the purpose of allowing the broken beans or other
.substances to pass into the interior of the roller or cylinder as in a Gardner's
turnip cutter. The reduced material or substance will fall out of one side of
the roller, which is left open for the purpose. The peculiarity and advantage
of this roller is, that it is cast in one piece, and therefore is much less costly
and less liable to be put out of order than rollers made of a number of pieces
assembled and connected together.
Having now described my Invention of improvements in apparatus for
crushing or grinding grain or seeds, and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim, as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent, as aforesaid, the mode of and apparatus for regulating the feed to the
crushing or bruising rollers of machines for crushing or bruising oats.
I also claim the use of swivel bearings, as herein set forth, for mounting the
crushing or bruising roller or rollers of such machines.
Lastly, I claim the mode of making or constructing the breaking or
crushing roller of kibbling mills for breaking or crushing beans or other hard
seeds.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hammond Bentall, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
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