IMPROVEMENTS IN FENCING,' AND IN THE METHOD OF SETTING UP AND TIGHTENING SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Whiteside, of Liverpool, in the County of Lan-
caster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FENCING,' AND IN THE
METHOD OF SETTING UP AND TIGHTENING SAME." A communication from
abroad by the Empire Wringer Company, of Auburn, in the State of New
York, United States of America.
d the 16th July 1878, and dated the 18th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Whiteside at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1878.
"
CHARLES WHITESIDE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS
IN FENCING, AND IN THE METHOD OF SETTING UP AND TIGHTENING SAME." [A
communication from abroad by the Empire Wringer Company, of Auburn, in the
State of New York, United States of America.]
This Invention consists in constructing a fence for enclosing land or other like
purposes of metallic banding or strips, by preference, galvanised steel or iron
banding. The banding may be of any suitable guage, a convenient guage being
18 B. W. G., and about one inch broad. To this banding there is imparted a spiral
or twist, by preference, during the setting up, or the twist may be imparted before
setting up, or partly before setting up and partly during setting up. The banding
strips may be used plain and galvanised or painted.
This Invention further consists of a barbed twisted band fence. The barbs are
constructed by passing the barbs through a punch, which punches and sets out the
barbs from the band, and at the same time corrugates the bands and the barbs
longitudinally. The barbs may be spaced at any suitable distance on the band, and
the bands rivetted together length to length.
The fence is set up by preference with malleable iron galvanised fence hooks,
which are of two kinds, number one with a hook on the side, and number two with
a hook in front.
In the case of wooden posts the process of setting up may be thus described:-
The posts are set about one rod apart. Drive the hooks into the posts alternately.

page_text: "
so that number one hook is on one post, number two hook on the next post, number
one hook on the third post, and so on alternately for the whole length of the fence,
and the number of strips or bars required. Fasten one end of the strip or band,
which is flat, and either barbed or plain, securely to the first post, and in putting
up the band go towards the right hand as you face the work. Pup up and twist
with a suitable handle or key the top strip first the whole length of the fence;
pass the second post without putting the band into hook number two. When you
come to the third post, pull the strip as tightly as possible, and put it into hook
number one, and be careful that the strip does not "sag" after you have put it into
hook number one. When you have put the strip into hook number one which is
on the third post, bend the strip round to a straight line with the fence. This
makes a short bend in the strip, and it cannot slip through the hook and ";
"sag."
Go on in this way the whole length of the fence, going by hook number two every
time, and pulling the strip and putting it into hook number one. After the strips
forming the fence are set up, go to each post with number two hooks which have
been missed, and with the key or twister twist each strip, twisting over towards
you until the strip is drawn straight and tight from post to post on each side of
you, then put the strip into the hook. The strips having been twisted over towards
you, will when put into the hook spring back against the back side of the hook,
and cannot get out, but you can with the twister, by twisting over towards you,
take the strip out of hook number two at any time, and twist it more or untwist it
a little, and thus readily and quickly make it tighter or looser in any locality, or
along the whole length of the fence, as may be desired.
Although I have described this Invention only in its application to wooden posts,
I would have it understood that it can be applied to metal posts, the hooks being
cast on or otherwise attached thereto.
It can also be applied to iron or other metal posts or wood posts which have slots,
in which case the slots are by preference alternate, the band being twisted as it is
passed through the slots.
The twister consists of a double handle provided with an open slot and a closed
slot, the closed slot being used during the setting up of the fence, and the open slot
for tightening or straining the fence or for unsetting.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Whiteside in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th July
1878.
CHARLES WHITESIDE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
A
IN FENCING, AND IN THE METHOD OF SETTING UP AND TIGHTENING SAME."
communication from abroad by the Empire Wringer Company, of Auburn, in the
State of New York, United States of America.
This Invention consists in constructing a fence for enclosing land or other like
purposes of metallic banding or strips, by preference, galvanised steel or iron
banding. The banding may be of any suitable guage, a convenient guage being
18 B. W. G., and about one inch broad. To this banding there is imparted a spiral
or twist, by preference, during the setting up, or the twist may be imparted before
setting up, or partly before setting up and partly during setting up. The banding
strips may be used plain and galvanised or painted.
This Invention further consists of a barbed twisted band fence. The barbs are
constructed by passing the bands through a punch, which punches and sets out the
barbs from the bands, and at the same time corrugates the bands and the barbs
longitudinally. The barbs may be spaced at any suitable distance on the band,
and the bands rivetted together length to length.
The fence is set up by preference with malleable iron galvanized fence hooks,
which are of two kinds, number one with a hook on the side, and number two with
a hook in front.
In the case of wooden posts the process of setting up may be thus described :—
The posts are set about one rod apart. Drive the hooks into the posts alternately,
so that number one hook is on one post, number two hook on the next post, number
one hook on the third post, and so on alternately for the whole length of the fence,
and the number of strips or bars required. Fasten one end of the strip or band,
which is flat, and either barbed or plain, securely to the first post, and in putting
up the band go towards the right hand as you face the work. Put up and twist
with a suitable handle or key the top strip first the whole length of the fence;
pass the second post without putting the band into hook number two.
When you
come to the third post pull the strip as tightly as possible, and put it into hook
number one, and be careful that the strip does not "sag" after you have put it into
hook number one. When you have put the strip into hook number one which is
on the third post, bend the strip round to a straight line with the fence. This
makes a short bend in the strip, and it cannot slip through the hook and "sag."
Go on in this way the whole length of the fence, going by hook number two every
time, and pulling the strip and putting it into hook number one. After the strips
forming the fence are set up, go to each post with number two hooks which have
been missed, and with the key or twister twist each strip, twisting over towards
you until the strip is drawn straight and tight from post to post on each side of
you, then put the strip into the hook. The strips having been twisted over towards
you, will when put into the hook spring back against the back side of the hook,
and cannot get out, but you can with the twister, by twisting over towards you,
take the strip out of hook number two at any time, and twist it more or untwist it
a little, and thus readily and quickly make it tighter or looser in any locality or
along the whole length of the fence, as may be desired.
Although I have described this Invention only in its application to wooden posts,
I would have it understood that it can be applied to metal posts, the hooks being
cast on or otherwise attached thereto.
It can also be applied to iron or other metal posts or wood posts which have slots,
in which case the slots are by preference alternate, the band being twisted as it is
passed through the slots.
The twister consists of a double handle provided with an open slot and a closed

page_text: slot, the closed slot being used during the setting up of the fence, and the open slot
for tightening or straining the fence or for unsetting.
In order that this Invention and the manner of performing the same may be
understood clearly, I hereunto append a Sheet of explanatory Drawings, to be
herein-after referred to, and representing the improvements in fencing, and in the
method of setting up and tightening the same according to this Invention.
In the Drawings the same reference letters are used to mark the same or corre-
sponding parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 is an elevation of a portion of a fence, and the method of setting up
according to this Invention.
Figure 2 is an elevation of hook number one for setting up; Figure 3 is an end
view of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is an elevation of hook number two for setting up and tightening;
Figure 5 is an end view of Figure 4; Figure 6 is a plan of Figure 4.
Figure 7 is a plan of fence band, showing corrugation and barb; Figure 8 is an
edge view of Figure 7.
Figures 9 and 10 illustrate tool used for setting up and tightening.
Figure 11 illustrates a modification of this Invention, in which the hooks shown
at Figures 2 and 4 are dispensed with, and in lieu thereof the fence is set up in
manner as shown in detail at Figures 12, 13, 14, and 15.
Upon reference to the Drawings it will be seen that this Invention consists in
constructing a fence of steel, iron, or other metal banding, to which is imparted
during the setting up a spiral twist, as shown at A, A, Figure 1.
This Invention further consists in the introduction of the barbs and corrugations
B, Figures 1, 7, and 8.
The fence is set up by means of the novel forms of barbed fence hooks C, D,
Figures 2 and 4, also designated as numbers one and two, number one having the
hook on the side, and number two having a hook on the front.
In the case of wooden posts, and as illustrated at Figure 1, the process of setting
up fencing according to this Invention may be thus described :-Drive the hooks
and D into the posts alternately, so that number one hook is on one post, number
two hook on the next post, number one hook on the third post. Fasten one end of
the strip or band A securely to the first post, and in setting up the band go towards
the right hand as you face the work. Put up and twist with the tool shown at
Figures 9 and 10. Put in the bands into the hooks number one, passing by the
hooks number two. When you have put the band into hook number one, bend the
band round to a straight line with the fence. Go on in this way the whole length
of the fence, passing hook number two, and setting up in hook number one. After
the bands or strips forming the fence are set up, go to each post with number two
hooks, and with the tool shown at Figure 9 twist each strip or band towards you,
until the strip is drawn straight and tight from post to post on each side of you,
then put the strips or bands into the books number two. The strips A having been
twisted over towards you, will when put into the hooks number two spring back
against the back side of the hook, and cannot get out or be taken out without the
use of the tool, such as shown at Figure 9.
In the modification shown at Figures 11 to 15, metal posts are shown of T or +
section, which have slots corresponding with hooks numbers one and two, number
two slot being arranged on the posts alternately with number one slot. The band
or strip is passed through number one slot before being barbed or twisted, number
two slot being used for setting up after twisting.
Having thus particularly described this said Invention, as communicated to me
from abroad, and the manner of performing the same, I have to state that the
Invention is not restricted to the precise details herein described and delineated,
but what is believed to be novel and claimed as the Invention secured by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the manufacture and construction of
fencing, and the method of setting up and tightening such fencing, as set forth in the

page_text: before-going Specification, and illustrated in the Drawings hereto annexed, or any
modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Whiteside, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
CHARLES (L.s.) WHITESIDE.