IMPROVE- MENTS IN PHIMDING ENGINES FOR FEEDING AND FORGING FLUIDS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Shekleton, of Dundalk, Ireland, and John
William Gibson, of Dundalk, Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PHIMDING ENGINES FOR FEEDING AND FORGING FLUIDS"
Sealed the 17th July 1866, and dated the 19th January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Shekleton and John
William Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th January 1866.
We, JAMES SHEKLETON, of Dundalk, Ireland, and JOHN WILLIAM GIBSON,
of Dundalk, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature, of our said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES FOR FEEDING AND FORCING FLUIDS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of a cylinder in which a piston is fitted to move
freely; this piston is constructed with a proportionally large piston rod on one
side, passing through a stuffing box or collar in the cylinder cover, so that
there will be a difference of area on opposite sides of the piston, that is, one
side being the full area of the piston, the other will be the full area minus
the area of the piston rod, and if an equal pressure per unit of area be applied
simultaneously on each side the piston will move in the direction of the side
to which the rod is attached.
In order to obtain reciprocating motion the piston or rod may be weighted
or a spring or compressed air applied to cause it to return when pressure is

page_text: removed from the side of the greatest area, or when steam is used in forcing
by a vacuum, which can be performed by surrounding the cylinder with an
outer casing filled with a circulating fluid of low temperature, or by pumping
through this casing the fluid to be forced. The reciprocating motion may be
regulated by a valve or cock worked by the piston or rod, and the length of
piston stroke may be altered at pleasure, and the fluid being raised or forced
is to be drawn in and expelled through ordinary inlet and outlet valves.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Shekleton and John William Gibson in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
SHEKLETON, of Dundalk, Ireland, and JOHN WILLIAM GIBSON, of Dundalk,
Ireland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said James Shekleton and John William Gibson, Her special licence
that we, the said James Shekleton and John William Gibson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Shekleton
and John William Gibson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPING ENGINES FOR FEEDING AMD FORCING FLUIDS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Shekleton and
John William Gibson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Shekleton and John William
Gibson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is
to say :-
This Invention consists of a cylinder in which a piston is fitted to move
freely; this piston is constructed with a proportionally large piston rod on one
side (passing through a stuffing box or collar in the cylinder cover), so that
there is a difference of area on opposite sides of the piston, and if an equal
pressure per unit of area be applied simultaneously on each side the piston
will move in the direction of the side to which the rod is attached.
To obtain reciprocating motion the piston or rod may be weighted or it
may be attached to a spring or fly wheel, or when steam is used in forcing
by a vacuum, which can be formed by surrounding the cylinder with an outer.
casing filled with a circulating Buid of low temperature, or by pumping
through this casing the fluid to be forced. The reciprocating motion may be
regulated by a valve or cock worked off the piston rod, and the length of the
stroke varied at pleasure, and the fluid being raised or forced is drawn in and
expelled through ordinary inlet and outlet valves.
By the before-going description it will readily be perceived that the basis of
the Invention is the peculiar arrangement of cylinder, piston, and piston rod,
the latter being of such size that a difference of area on the opposite sides of
the piston is the result, so that when equal pressure is made the piston
naturally moves in the direction of the side to which the rod is attached.
Reciprocating motion may be obtained in any suitable manner, such as
weighting the piston rod or adapting a spring or fly wheel, or where steam is
employed a vacuum can be formed in the manner herein-before described.
The accompanying Drawings will serve further to elucidate our system.
Figure 1 shews the most simple arrangement of this Invention. a is
the piston; b, the enlarged piston rod; c, automatic valves; d, stuffing
box. The same letters of reference indicate like parts shown in the different
Figures.
Figure 2 shows the arrangement in which reciprocating motion is obtained
by a vacuum.
Figure 3 our system as arranged for lifting and forcing by a head of
water.
In Figure 2 the the valves represented at e are for discharging the con-
densed water, and Figure 4 is an enlarged view of the same.
Having thus described our Invention, what we claim and desire to secure
by Letters Patent is, the peculiar arrangement of cylinder, piston, and piston

page_text: rod for the purposes of feeding and forcing fluids, as herein-before set forth
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Shekleton and John William
Gibson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day
of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and 5
sixty-six.
JAMES SHEKLETON.
(L.S.)
JOHN WILLIAM GIBSON. (L.S.)
Witness to the signing and delivery
hereof by the within-named James
Shekleton and John William
Gibson,
LAIRD DUFF.