Improvements in Electrical Arc Lamps.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Arc Lamps.
We, SIGMUND CAPPILLERI, of Hernals, Palffy Gasse 15, CARL KURMAYER,
III Hauptstrasse 120, JOSEF GOLDBERG, IX Schlickgasse 4, and RUDOLF
LATZKO, I Wipplingerstrasse 38, all of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an electric arc lamp in which both carbons are formed as
the ends of rotatable archimedian spirals and are connected either with the same, or as
will presently be described with a body substituted therefor, so that on the burning
away of the carbons the state of equilibrium is automatically maintained by the
turning of both spirals, or of the body substituted therefor, thus also maintaining
the distance between the carbon points.
We have ascertained by theoretical and practical investigation that when an
archimedian spiral is formed throughout of the same material and of the same cross
section (such for instance as a lamp carbon) and is mounted with its inner end
rotatable round a horizontal axis, so that all its convolutions lie in a vertical plane,
the outer end of the spiral will always lie accurately in the horizontal line passing
through the inner end.
The length of the spiral has no influence on this fact; it may increase or decrease
without causing the free outer end to assume any other position than that stated.
If now two such spirals made of electric light carbons are arranged together in
such a manner that their free out ends are situated at a distance apart corresponding
to that of the voltaic arc, this distance will always be maintained the same while
the lamp is burning, as the spirals will revolve round the said horizontal axis to
maintain the equilibrium as the carbons burn away, thereby always keeping the
outer end at the same point.
In practically carrying out the invention the spiral is replaced by other suitably
disposed bodies, with the exception of the two or three outer quadrantal parts
thereof, which are formed of lamp carbon, such bodies being so arranged that the
above stated law of equilibrium is in no way affected.
As such body may be conveniently used a semicircular disc having accurately
the correct weight and size to replace, together with the spiral segments of carbon,
the above mentioned archimedian spiral. With this construction it is assumed
that the convolutions of the spiral are so close together that two contiguous
quadrants practically constitute a semicircle, so that the carbons form two semi-
circles, while the substituted parts form two semicircular discs of smaller
diameter.
The semicircular disc is mounted at its centre on a horizontal axis and carries a
projecting arm with a socket at its end in which is fixed the semicircularly curved
carbon.
The weight of the arm is balanced by a counterweight so as not to affect the
equilibrium of the parts. The axis of the spiral may conveniently carry a circular
disc to which the parts constituting the spiral and arm with counterweight can be
fixed.
The axes of two such spirals are carried in pendent forked arms attached at their
upper ends to a cross head, so that the ends of the carbons can be accurately
adjusted to the required distance apart corresponding to the voltaic arc.
For making the ends of the carbons come automatically together when the electric
arc ceases, an electro magnet excited by a shunt on the lamp circuit is so arranged
that when the current passes, it draws the one carbon away from the other and
Loans it in that position

page_text: This may be effected by mounting the forks carrying the carbons on pivots, and
providing them with arms carrying the armature of the said electro magnet. The
crosshead carrying the forked arms is divided by insulating material into two parts,
each of which is connected to one lead of the circuit.
The above described construction of lamp can be used both for continuous currents
and for alternating currents, as it is quite immaterial whether the carbons burn
away and are fed forward equally or unequally, as the points are always maintained
in the same position no matter what the rate of combustion may be. A number of
such pairs of spiral carbons can be combined in one lamp to produce a corresponding
number of arc lights, the several pair being connected either in series or in parallel,
or supplied with separate currents.
Dated this 9th day of Anil 1800.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Arc Lamps.
We, SIGMUND CAPPILLERI, of Hernals, Palffy Gasse 15, CARL KURMAYER,
III Hauptstrasse 120, JOSEF GOLDBERG, IX Schlickgasse 4, and RUDOLF
LATZKO, I Wipplingerstrasse 38, all of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an electric arc lamp in which both carbons are formed as
the ends of a rotatable archimedian spiral and are connected either with the same,
or, as will presently be described, with a body substituted therefor, so that on the
burning away of the carbons the state of equilibrium is automatically maintained
by the turning of both spirals, or of the body substituted therefor, thus also
maintaining the distance between the carbon points.
We have ascertained by theoretical and practical investigation that when an
archimedian spiral is formed throughout of the same material and of the same cross
section (such for instance as a lamp carbon) and is mounted with its inner end
rotatable round a horizontal axis, so that all its convolutions lie in a vertical plane,
the outer end of the spiral will always lie accurately in the horizontal line passing
through the inner end.
The length of the spiral has no influence on this fact; it may increase or
decrease without causing the free outer end to assume any other position than that
stated.
If now two such spirals, made of electric-light carbons, are arranged together in
such a manner that their free outer ends are situated at a distance apart corre-
sponding to that of the voltaic arc, this distance will always be practically maintained
the same while the lamp is burning, as the spirals will revolve round the said
horizontal axis to maintain the equilibrium as the carbons burn away, thereby
always keeping the outer end at the same point.
In practically carrying out the invention the spiral is replaced by other suitably
disposed bodies with the exception of the two or three outer quadrantal parts
thereof which are formed of lamp carbon, such bodies being so arranged that the
above stated law of equilibrium is in no way affected.
As such body may be conveniently used a semicircular disc having accurately
the correct weight and size, to replace, together with the spiral segments of carbon,
the above mentioned archimedian spiral.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shews diagrammatically the two archimedian
spirals in their position of equilibrium, and
Fig. 2 shews these spirals transformed, wherein it is assumed that the convolutions
of the spiral are so close together that two contiguous quadrants practically

page_text: constitute a semicircle as shewn at bb, f being the centre thereof and at the same
time the centre on which the carbon revolves. a is a semicircular plate of such
size as to maintain the equilibrium with b.
Fig. 3 shews an arc lamp constructed according to this invention. The disc a,
made of any suitable material, is connected to the semicircular carbon b by an arm c
having a clamp d in which the carbon b is fixed.
The weight of the arm c is balanced by a counterweight c¹ in order not to interfere
with the equilibrium of the spiral, and the whole is mounted on a horizontal axis f
carried by a pendent bracket g.
In addition to the foregoing parts may be used a circular disc mounted on the
axis, to which disc the semicircular disc a and arm e with balance weight c' are.
attached.
Two such transformed archimedian spirals with their brackets are fixed to a suitable
support h, so that the free ends of the carbons are situated at the proper distance
apart for forming the voltaic are when the lamp is put in action.
In order to comply with the requirement that the two carbon points shall
come in contact when the lamp is out of action, the one or other carbon is
operated by an electro magnet in a shunt circuit so arranged as, when excited
by the current, to keep the carbons the proper distance apart for forming the
arc, while when the lamp is out of action, the carbons are caused to approach
by a spring or weight. For this purpose for example, the one or the other
bracket g may be mounted on a pivot at its connection at k with the support h,
and have an arm fixed to it which carries the armature of the said electro
magnet, the said arm acting as the weight for bringing the carbons together.
The support is divided by an insulating piece i into two parts, each of which is
connected to one of the leads of the circuit.
The current entering, say, at 1 passes through, bracket g axis f and arm c to
the carbon b, thence to the other carbon b, arm c axis f bracket g and support h to
the lead l.
It will be readily understood that the lamp can be used both for continuous and
alternate currents, in particular as it is quite immaterial whether the carbons burn
away equally or unequally, so long as the before-mentioned condition as to
equilibrium of the archimedian spiral is observed, namely that the ends thereof,
even at the slightest decrease through burning away, shall be brought by the
turning of the carbon on its axis into precisely the same position relatively to each
other.
Fig. 4 shews in plan, a number of such lamps arranged in a cluster; they are all
carried by one and the same central support and are enclosed in the same glass
globe.
Such multiple lamps may be arranged either in series or in parallel arc.
The above described improved construction of lamp has the advantage of great
simplicity of construction, and consequent reliableness of action, moderate cost and
easy manipulation.
Such lamps have a fixed luminous centre, which is of great importance for
photography and other purposes; they can be used for lamps of any required
power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claims is :-
1. An electrical arc lamp consisting of two curved carbons, each combined with
a semicircular disc, and rotatable round a horizontal axis, such carbons with their
discs being made to act in accordance with the law of an archimedian spiral,
whereby the free end of the carbon is caused, on burning away, to be always
maintained by the turning thereof on its axis, in the same position relatively to the
end of the other carbon, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. In an electrical arc lamp such as is referred to in the preceding claim, the use
of curved carbons freely rotatable on a horizontal axis, the free ends of which on
burning away are automatically maintained at the distance required for producing
the voltaic arc, substantially as described.
Dated this eth dose of Jan 1901
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.