Process and Apparatus for Smelting Margarine, Tallow, or other Crude Fatty Substances by means of Hot Air..
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 14th Feb., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process and Apparatus for Smelting Margarine, Tallow, or other
Crude Fatty Substances by means of Hot Air..
I, PETER WILD, of 91, Neue Königs Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany,.
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to a process and the requisite furnaces for smelting
margarine tallow or similar raw fatty material by means of hot air and essentially
consists in lodging in a smelting chamber-surrounded with masonry of ordinary
bricks or other material of low rate of thermal conductivity (for instance.
magnesite plates) any suitable number of smelting pans or vessels, superposed in
an inclined position. Each of said pans overreaches the next lower one for some
distance, in order that the molten fat as soon as it is in a liquid state may reach
unimpeded and unoverheated through slits or apertures at the deepest places of
the smelting pans, the fat accumulator located at the bottom of the smelting
chamber. The latter is formed into an inclined groove and consequently conducts
the liquid fat dripping from the smelting vessels so to speak automatically from
the smelting chamber into a vessel placed outside the latter. The bottom is:
moreover provided with a layer of gypsum, sand or equivalent material in order
to prevent its being heated in such a measure by the temperature obtaining in
the smelting space, that combustion of the received liquid fat could ensue.
smelting pans are introduced into the smelting chamber through a suitably placed.
door.
The
The requisite degree of heat for smelting may be produced in the smelting
chamber itself by means of heating bodies of any suitable kind, or by direct fire, or
in a space separated from the smelting chamber, for instance a hot air blast. In all
cases no matter where or how the hot air has been produced the smelting space is
brought in connection, either direct or by aid of a pipe conduit or of a channel with
a screw ventilator or exhaustor, which impart incessant circulation to the hot air
generated. The hot air is thereby pressed between the smelting pans onto the
material contained therein to be smelted, subsequently draw the hot air again by
suction in the same direction indicated by arrow in drawings hereafter referred
to along in a channel or pipe, and then press it again between the smelting vessels.
The hot air makes a continuous cycle, to which is supplied continually or at certain
intervals to be determined by experiments, fresh air or the oxygen required for
smelting, or liquid carbonic acid, by opening a slide or slides of the hot air duct.
The fresh air is also drawn through the slide apertures by the ventilator, which
likewise conducts the quantity of air required for producing hot air, when starting
the smelting furnace at opened slide positions, to the smelting space or heating
bodies.
By the hot air current produced in the above manner the material to be smelted
undergoes in the smelting pans a very intimate contact with the hot air and the
smelting process is considerably accelerated. By making the hot air outlet
apertures of the smelting space smaller in joint cross section, than the cross section
of ventilator, exhaustor or hot air inlet channels, the pressure of the hot air on the
material to be smelted is increased, whereby the smelting process is still more
accelerated.
Reference being had to the accompanying drawings, Sheets I to III, in which
like letters denote like or corresponding parts,
Figs. 1 to 4, 5 to 8, 9-10, and 11-12 respectively illustrate the improved device
in four different modifications as follows:

page_text: SHEET I. FIGS. 1 TO 4.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section,
Fig. 2 a plan
Fig. 3 a section along line
and
Fig. 4 a section along line y y, Fig. 1.
In this arrangement a screw ventilator V is mounted direct in front of the heating
bodies of the smelting chamber C.
The heating bodies are provided in the usual manner with steam admission
device a¹ and condensation pot G, the hot air produced by the same is pressed by
ventilator V through the heating bodies between the smelting vessels and aspired
again by the ventilator in the direction indicated by an arrow through the openings c
and duct K, thus making a continuous cycle. The cycle air current thus produced
comes into intimate contact with the material contained in the smelting vessels h
and causes the same to rapidly melt. The fat, which has been liquefied, arrives at
once through slits or holes ' in the deepest place of the inclined smelting vessels h,
Fig. 4, in the fat accumulator B, which, owing to its inclined position, conducts it
immediately from the smelting space C into a vessel placed underneath.
of
The smelting vessels are either so placed, that each overreaches the next lower
pan Fig. 4, to allow the liquid fat dripping off to arrive unimpeded in the fat
accumulator B, or the angle irons b, on which the smelting pans are shifted in, are
bent downward over the fat accumulator Fig. 10 Sheet III. The shanks, thus
produced, which are on both sides of the smelting chamber are covered with a
plate e and thus formed into grooves, over which are situated the slits or holes
the smelting vessels. The fat dripping off arrives along these grooves to the fat
accumulator B. The latter arrangement is conveniently applied to larger smelting
furnaces, in which the proportionally more powerful current of air is prejudicial to
a vertical dripping off of the liquid fat; for the fat accumulator B is in such cases
separated from the smelting chamber proper C.
The slides S in the suction duct K (Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet I) are opened when
starting the smelting furnace and also subsequently from time to time, or kept open
according to requirement, in order that the fresh air sucked in by the ventilator
prevent any formation of nitrogen in the smelting chamber and the requisite
quantity of oxygen be always at disposal.
The heating bodies a may also in this modification be mounted on both sides of
the smelting vessels as, for instance, indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1.
For introducing the smelting vessels the door d is provided, while for introducing
the caloric bodies and the ventilator and for lubricating the latter, doors d¹ d² are
fitted into the masonry of the smelting furnace, (Fig. 2).
SHEET II. FIGS. 5-8 (SECOND EXAMPLE).
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section
Fig. a plan
Fig. 7 a section along line v w and
Fig. 8 a section along line s u of Fig. 5.
These figures represent a smelting oven, in which an exhaustor V' is connected
indirectly with the smelting chamber C through suction pipe K¹, pressure pipe
and channel K² and apertures c'. The heating bodies a are in this case mounted
on two sides of the smelting pans h, Figs. 6 and 8. The exhaustor aspires the hot
air through pipe K¹ and presses the same through the apertures c' of the
channel K² between the smelting vossals that is to any onto the material contained

page_text: Fig. 12 is a section along line op of Fig. 11.
In these figures a smelting oven is represented, in which the hot air is produced
not by heated caloric bodies, but by direct fire. The smelting chamber C is in
this example arranged in an iron box, which is surrounded at the bottom and at
the sides by the fire. The escaping smoke arrives in the flue E in the direction
indicated by the arrows I, while the hot air produced in the smelting chamber C
is drawn by an exhaustor through duct K in the direction of the other arrows,
and pressed again into the sinelting chamber through pipe K' and apertures c thus
producing a current of hot air during the cycle of the hot air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
1.) A process for smelting margarine tallow or similar crude fats by means of
hot air consisting in introducing smelting vessels or pans containing the material
to be treated into a smelting chamber separated from the atmospheric air by
masonry or other substance having a low rate of thermal conductiveness, bringing
the hot air necessary for smelting-which may be produced in the smelting chamber
proper by caloric bodies a or by direct fire, or in a space lying apart from the
smelting chamber-into continuous circulation with the smelting space by the con-
nection of a ventilator or exhaustor either direct or by aid of ducts and pipe
conduits, whereby the current of hot air thus produced, which forms a continuous
cycle, is caused to come into intimate contact with the material to be treated such
current having previously received sufficient admixture of oxygen or liquid
carbonic acid by the opening of slides in the hot air way, while the liquefied fat
leaves the pans through slits or holes provided at their lowest points, without
being excessively heated, and arrives in a fat accumulator arranged at the bottom
of the smelting chamber and adapted to discharge it from the latter automatically
and in a non-overheated condition owing to the inclined position of said
accumulator and its being made from gypsum or equivalent material, substantially
as set forth.
2.) The smelting furnaces serving to apply the process forming subject of
claim 1, consisting of a smelting space separated from the outer atmosphere by
masonry or other bad conductors of heat and heated by caloric bodies or by direct
fire in which smelting space are lodged, inclined on angle irons, smelting pans for
holding the material to be treated having slits or holes at their lowest point, and
which has at the bottom a fat accumulator of gypsum or similar material in the
shape of an inclined groove,-in combination with a ventilator or exhaustor or with

page_text: a hot air blast for producing a hot air current which makes a continuous cycle for
smelting the material in the pans, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 6th day of December 1890.
PETER WILD.
By Huelser & Co.,
Of Temple Chambers, London, his Agents.