IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE CASTING OF METALLIC ARTICLES IN SAND MOULDS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Smith, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH THE CASTING OF METALLIC
ARTICLES IN SAND MOULDS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE." A com-
munication from abroad by Richard Mott Wanzer, residing at Hamilton,
Ontario Canada
Sealed the 26th June 1877, and dated the 28th December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1876.
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
"IMPROVEMENTS CON-
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents.
NECTED WITH THE CASTING OF METALLIC ARTICLES IN SAND MOULDS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE." (A communication from abroad by Richard Mott
Wanzer, residing at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.)
This Invention will be understood by the following description:-Upon a base
or bed plate are grooved upright standards in which is a movable sliding frame
composed of upright and cross pieces. Other cross pieces and short uprights are
employed to which a plate is secured. This plate is made fast to the movable frame
but at the same time is adjustable, so that it may at any time be casily removed
and replaced by another and similar one but for a different pattern. Two latches
are secured to the said plate, which, when turned inwards against the under side of
curved upright supports, firmly hold the said plate in proper position. It also
receives the additional security of the use of two dowel pins made to pass through
it into one of the uprights.
A movable plunger is fitted in the centre of the machine and is caused to slide
through openings cut in cross pieces, and it is made to move vertically independently
of the movably sliding frame. On its extreme top is fastened a flat plate, upon
which is secured in proper position one half of a split pattern to mould, or it may
be in some cases a whole pattern. If the pattern is to be drawn in halves then one-
half of the pattern is secured to the said plate. If a pattern is not drawn or
moulded in halves then the whole pattern is fastened to it. One-half of a flask is

page_text: placed upon the top of the pattern plate and made to surround the pattern when it
is ready to be moulded.
The cope of the flask is kept in its position from moving from side to side by means
of the ordinary flask pins entering holes to correspond in the plate on one machine,
and the eyes on the nowel or other half of the flask are made for pins to enter,
which are set in the plate of another and similar machine. A hand lever has one
end attached to a projection which is affixed to one of the uprights of the frame.
It is also attached by a screw or pin to the upright plunger at one point, and its
extreme upper end is held in its place by a catch. The machine in this position is
ready for the operation of moulding. By releasing the said lever froin the catch the
whole of the frame composed of the pieces heretofore mentioned slides downward in
the grooves of the standards and by the same movement draws the pattern down-
ward from and out of the sand in the flask.
An upright rod or post is affixed to a brace and is supported by an arch, said arch
being secured to the standards. It is also further securely fixed in position by
ineans of a plate.
The principal object of the said rod is to carry a swinging bracket which is for
the purpose of ramming or packing the sand in the flask. It consists of a frame
provided with two lugs through which holes are drilled for the said rod to pass
through. Its lower portion consists of a plate which is made a trifle less than the
inside of the flask. Latches are fastened to the under part of the plate for the
purpose of securing the said plate to the uprights. The object of constructing
the said latches thus is to afford a convenient and quick method of removing the
plate so as to substitute another of different design and pattern, as each pattern
requires a plate constructed for itself. An opening in the plate is made to corre-
spond exactly with the form of the pattern, which is made to pass through the said
opening as far as necessary, as is explained hereafter.
A horizontal rocker bar rests in grooves on the sides of the base, and is provided
with two projecting points firmly affixed thereto. There are two rods, the base of
each being hollowed or cupped out and made to rest upon the projecting points.
The upper ends of said rods are pointed and are made to pass into openings on the
under side of the lower cross piece of the sliding frame. By this means a connec-
tion is formed with the rocker bar and the sliding frame for pushing it up when
the sand is to be rammed in a flask. This is done by means of the hand lever on
the right side which is attached to the end of the rocker bar. By moving the said
lever forward an upward movement is given to the projecting points and through
them to the rods which raise the whole sliding frame with the flask up against the
ranmer when the sand is to be packed in the flask.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The lever is raised and locked on
the latch which brings the pattern up through the corresponding opening cut in the
plate of the same size and shape as the pattern, and closely fitting it. One-half of
the flask is then placed on the plate and secured in position by means of the flask
pins entering holes made in the proper place in the said plate. The flask is then
filled with loose sand and struck off level with the top of the flask. A bottom
board which is made to fit the inside of the flask is then placed upon it, and the
swinging bracket which has been swung out of the way of the flask is then brought
round into position immediately over the centre of the flask. The operator then
grasps the handle of the lever and draws it forward, which produces the effect of
raising the whole frame, flask, and sand up against the swinging bracket, and
thereby pressing the sand sufficiently firm in the flask and around the pattern as
well as, if not better, than when done in the ordinary way by hand. The sand in
the flask is pressed by an equal and uniform pressure upward, which packs the sand
closely around the pattern where it is wanted, whereas by hand ramming in the
ordinary way the sand is apt to be packed loosely at the pattern and too solid at
the top of the flask, a condition of things which will produce rough-edged castings,
and ought by all means to be avoided.
The next operation is to draw the pattern from the sand, which is easily and

page_text: correctly done by unhooking the lever from its catch and depressing it, which
lowers the sliding frame to which the mould pattern is attached, leaving the flask in
same position with the mould or print of the pattern truly impressed in the sand of
the flask. The flask is removed and the other half of the pattern is moulded in
another and similar machine operated in the same way. The two halves are then
placed together, the sprues removed, and gutters cut as is usual in the ordinary
method of moulding, and clamped, when the flask is then ready to receive the
molten metal.
It will be observed that the pattern plates are constructed in such a manner that
when the two halves of the moulds are placed together the edges of both come
perfectly true and correct, and will produce castings so smooth that the parting
edge will not be visible upon them. For half patterns forming the mould in two
parts the first operation is to plane the surface of each plate truc and parallel.
They are then placed together and holes drilled through both for guide pins for the
flask in any required position to suit the size of the flask. They are then pinned
together, and the form of the pattern is then worked out through both plates
alike, while they are so bound and held together that the openings are made
exactly the same size and form in cach, so that although the two halves are moulded
on separate machines when they are placed together they are a perfect match and
come out right with every operation.
The advantages of the draw part of the machine, that is, drawing the pattern
downward from the sand, are producing a mould that is the exact size and form of
the pattern, as it is done without rapping or loosening the pattern; and the
ramming part is for producing an equal and uniform packing or ramming of tho
sand in the flask; a large per centage of time is saved by the operation.
The work of moulding in this machine does not require skilled labour, and the
quality of castings is as good as, if not better, than those produced by the best
skilled hand labour in the ordinary way of moulding. A second arm or bracket is
made to swing on one of the rods, to which is attached a tucking plate which is
made with projections and recesses on its face the reverse of the pattern, and is
employed for tucking in the sand around any part of the pattern projecting above
or below a plain surface; sand is thrown in the flask and the tucking plate operated
upon by a lever, the flask is then filled with sand and the rammer plate applied,
which is all the tucking and ramming required, the pattern is then ready to be
drawn. By this means the sand is tucked uniformly around every part of the
pattern, which is thoroughly essential to produce good castings.
The ordinary method of forming moulds in sand and other material for metallic
castings by hand has been found a tedious and expensive process, requiring the
services of a skilled mechanic.
Attempts have been made by the employment of metallic dies to simplify the
method of forming such moulds, and enable the same to be constructed rapidly by
machinery. To this end, metallic pattern plates have been used in connection with
the ordinary patterns, such plates being constructed of sheet metal stamped into
proper shape to fit around the patterns. Such plates have necessarily to be very
accurately constructed in order that both the pattern and bed may be removed from
one side of the plate, which has rendered the construction of such plates from
stamped metal very difficult, if not wholly impracticable, as well as extremely
expensive.
The principal object is now to overcome said objections by forming said pattern
plate from the pattern itself, by first forming a pattern bed, then casting suitable
inetal directly around and in contact with the pattern bed, whereby the greatest
accuracy is attained and the pattern plate is constructed at comparatively little
expense.
In the construction of the pattern bed a half flask is prepared with moulding
sand in the same manner as for an ordinary mould, after which the pattern is
embedded therein face downwards; the sand is then tamped around the same as

page_text: usual, and afterwards worked off carefully around the line of parting; the surface
is then covered with parting sand, and the half flask is placed upon another half
flask and filled in and tamped with sand, forming the two sides of the mould. So
far the operation is precisely the same followed in the preparation of the ordinary
sand moulds. The two half. flasks are then separated, the pattern being allowed to
remain in the first-mentioned half flask. To the top of said half flask is then
secured a section of a flask, or a frame similar to the supporting frame of a height
corresponding to the thickness of the pattern bed to be formed, and sand is filled in
and built up carefully around the edges of the pattern to a height corresponding
with the thickness desired in the pattern bed. The last-mentioned half flask is then
secured upon the section, proper gates or channels having previously been made in
the sand, and the metal poured in, filling the space between the pattern and the
mould formed upon the sand in the sections and the upper or last tamped half flask
and forming the desired pattern bed, the edges of which may be afterwards dressed
off to remove any irregularities; or, instead of forming the counterpart in the last
tamped half flask after the pattern is embedded in the first, the second may be
attached to the first half flask with the pattern embedded in the sand therein, and
additional sand filled in and built around the pattern. The second half flask may
be then secured, and after dusting the surface of the sand and pattern with parting
sand, the counterpart may be formed as before mentioned. The part of the mould
core formed in the last-mentioned half of the flask may then be worked roughly off
so as to leave a proper space between it and the pattern, when the parts of the flask
are again placed together and the metal is cast in as before; or the first-mentioned
half flask is filled with sand and the pattern embedded therein face downwards, the
sand being then carefully worked off along the parting line or upper edges of the
pattern. The whole surface is dusted with parting sand and the other half flask
secured prior to the sand being rammed in as in the ordinary method of making a
sand mould. Upon separating the two parts of the flask, an exact impression of
both sides of the pattern is produced as in the ordinary moulds for casting metal.
The first-mentioned half flask containing the pattern embedded in the sand is acted
upon to sink the pattern farther therein to a depth corresponding to the thickness
of the pattern bed to be formed. This may be done by gently rapping the pattern
into the sand, being careful to preserve the contour of the edges of the sand, or by
pressing the pattern firmly into the sand. The two parts of the flask are then
secured together, the gates or channels being previously formed in the ordinary
manner.
It will be perceived that the last-mentioned part of the flask will contain the
sand and face of the pattern bed, the metal on being poured in occupying the space
between said face and the reverse side of the pattern embedded in the first-
mentioned part of the mould. The pattern bed thus formed when removed is
trimmed off if necessary, and is ready to be used in the formation of the pattern
plate as herein-after described.
From the pattern and pattern bed thus constructed the pattern plate is formed as
follows: A half flask is filled with sand as usual which is struck off. The frame
is then embedded in the sand until its upper edges are flush with the surface of the
same, after which the pattern and pattern bed are embedded in the sand within the
frame, the pattern uppermost. The sand is then carefully worked off along the
parting line or the lower edge of the pattern, after which another half flask is
secured to the first, and a counterpart of the sand and embedded pattern in the
.same is formed in said second half flask in the usual manner. The parts of the
flask are then separated, and the sand is carefully worked off below the parting line
of the pattern along the edges of the pattern bed in a line as nearly parallel as
possible; and at a sufficient distance therefrom to give the desired thickness to the
pattern bed when finished. The surrounding portions of the surface of the sand
within the frame are also removed to a depth corresponding to the thickness of the
pattern plate to be formed, after which the two parts of the flask are properly

page_text: secured together for casting, which is done in the ordinary manner, the metal filling
the space formerly occupied by the sand, which has been removed from within the
frame forming the pattern plate around the pattern and its bed.
It is evident from the above description that the pattern and pattern bed may be
constructed and used in one piece when desired, being formed in such case by
removing the pattern from the inould after the mould for the bed has been formed,
and before casting, as will be readily understood by any founder.
This Invention is applicable to moulds for stove legs in which the pattern draws
from only one side, and also for stove plates, car wheels, car boxes, sewing machines,
and all other castings, whether drawing from one or two sides; in the latter instanco
two beds and pattern plates are formed, one for each side of the mould.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas James Smith in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 28th
June 1877.
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
"IMPROVEMENTS CON-
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents.
NECTED WITH THE CASTING OF METALLIC ARTICLES IN SAND MOULDS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR THE PURPOSE" A communication from abroad by Richard Mott
Wanzer, residing at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a front view of the machine;
Figure 2 is a top view of the same; Figure 3 is a side view of the machine ;
Figure 4 represents a top view, showing the pattern flask and the swinging bracket
swung round to the back of the machine.
Figure 5 is a view showing the tucking plate; Figure 6 is a plan view of the
pattern, pattern plate, and its supporting frame; Figure 7 is a sectional view of the
same, shewing the pattern bed also; Figure 8 is a detached view of the pattern
and pattern bed.
A represents the base of the machine; B, B, are the grooved upright standards,
properly secured to the said base; C, C, is a movable sliding frame, composed of
upright and cross pieces; c, c, are the upright parts which slide in the grooves of the
standards; C, C³, are the cross pieces; and D, D, are the short uprights to which
the plate E is secured. This plate is made fast to the movable frame, but at the
same time is adjustable, so that it may at any time be easily removed and replaced
by another and similar one, but for a different pattern. It is arranged and fastened as
follows:-There are two latches P, P, properly secured to the two sides respectively of
the said plate E, as partially shown in Figure 3, which when turned inward against
the under side of the curved upright supports D, D, firmly hold the said plate in
proper position. It also receives the additional security of the use of two dowel
pins made to pass through it into the uprights D, D; F is a movable plunger in the
centre of the machine, made to slide through openings cut in the cross pieces C¹
and C, and it is made to move vertically, independent of the movably sliding
frame C, C. On its extreme top is fastened a flat plate G, upon which is secured
in proper position one half of a split pattern H to mould, or it may be in some
case a whole pattern. If the pattern is to be drawn in halves, then one-half of the
pattern is secured to the said plate. If a pattern is not drawn or moulded in halves,
then the whole pattern is fastened to it; I represents one half of a flask placed upon
the top of the pattern plate E, and made to surround the pattern when it is ready
to be moulded. The cope of the flask is kept in its position from moving from side
to side by means of the ordinary flask pins entering holes to correspond in the
plate E on one machine, and the eyes on the nowel or other half of the flask
are made for pins to enter, which are set in the plate of another and similar
machine.

page_text: J is a hand lever, one end attached to a projection K, said projection being
affixed to one of the uprights of the frame C. It is also attached by a screw or pin
to the upright plunger F at the point d, and its extreme upper end is held in its
place by the catch L, as shown in Figure 1, the machine then being in the position
ready for the operation of moulding. By releasing the said lever from the catch L
the whole of the frame, composed of the pieces heretofore mentioned, slides down-
ward in the grooves of the standards, and by the same movement draws the pattern
downward from and out of the sand in the flask I.
L is an upright rod or post affixed to the brace A, and is supported by the arch M,
said arch being secured to the standards B, B. It is also further securely fixed in
position by means of the plate N. The principal object of the said rod is to carry
a swinging bracket O between collars a, a, which bracket is for the purpose of
ramining or packing the sand in the flask. It consists of a fraine provided with two
lugs e, c, through which holes are drilled for the said rod L to pass through. Its
lower portion consists of a plate O' which is made a trifle less than the inside of the
flask; P, P, are latches fastened to the under part of the plate E, and are for the
purpose of securing the said plate to the uprights D, D.
The object of constructing the said latches in this manner is to afford a convenient
and quick method of removing the plate E so as to substitute another of different
design and pattern, as each pattern requires a plate constructed for itself. An
opening in the plate is made to correspond exactly with the form of the pattern
which is made to pass through the said opening as far as necessary, as will be ex-
plained herein-after.
Qis a horizontal rocker bar resting in grooves f, f, on the sides of the base A,
and is provided with two projecting points b, b, firmly affixed thereto; R, R, are
two rods, the base of each being hollowed or cupped out and made to rest upon the
points b, b. The upper ends of said rods are pointed, and are made to pass into
openings on the under side of the lower cross piece C₁ of the sliding frame. By
this means a connection is formed with the rocker bar and the sliding frame for
pushing it up when the sand is to be rammed in a flask. This is done by means
of the hand lever S on the right side, which is attached to the end of the rocker bar.
By moving the said lever forward an upward movement is given to the projecting
points b, b, and through them to the rods R, R, which raise the whole sliding frame Č
with the flask up against the rammer O when the sand is to be packed in the
flask; T, T, are upright grooves cut in the standards B, B, into which the frame C
slides.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The lever J is raised and locked on
the latch L', which brings the pattern H up through its corresponding opening cut
in the plate E, of the same size and shape as the pattern, and closely fitting it. One
half of the flask I is then placed on the plate E and secured in position by means of
the flask pins entering holes made in the proper place in the said plate E. The
flask is then filled with loose sand and struck off level with the top of the flask. A
bottom board which is made to fit the inside of the flask is then placed upon it, and
the swinging bracket O which has been swung out of the way of the flask, as shown
in Figure 4, is then brought round into position immediately over the centre of the
flask. The operator then grasps the handle of the lever S and draws it forward,
which produces the effect of raising the whole frame, flask, and sand, up against
the swinging bracket O, and thereby pressing the sand sufficiently firm in the flask
and around the pattern as well, if not better, than when done in the ordinary way
by hand. In fact, the work is preferable to that done by hand, as the sand in the
flask is pressed by an equal and uniform pressure upwards which packs the sand
closely around the pattern where it is wanted, whereas by hand ramming in the
ordinary way the sand is apt to be packed loosely at the pattern and too solid at
the top of the flask, a condition of things which will produce rough edged castings
and ought by all means to be avoided.
The next operation is to draw the pattern from the sand, which is easily and
correctly done by unhooking the lever J from its catch L' and depressing it, which

page_text: lowers the sliding frame to which the mould pattern is attached, leaving the flask
in same position with the mould or print of the pattern truly impressed in the sand
of the flask. The flask is removed and the other half of the pattern is moulded in
another and similar machine operated in the same way, the two halves are then
placed together, the sprues removed and gutters cut, as is usual in the ordinary
method of moulding, and clamped, when the flask is then ready to receive the molten
metal.
It will be observed that I construct the pattern plates E in such a manner that
when the two halves of the moulds are placed together the edges of both come
perfectly true and correct, and will produce castings so smooth that the parting
edge will not be visible upon them, and the manner I construct said pattern plates
may be described as follows:-For half patterns forming the mould in two parts
the first operation is to plane the surface of each plate true and parallel, they are
then placed together and holes drilled through both for guide pins for the flask, in
any required position to suit the size of the flask; they are then pinned together,
and the form of the pattern is then worked out through both plates alike, while
they are so bound and held together that the openings are made exactly the same
size and form in each, so that although the two halves are moulded on separate
machines, when they are placed together they are a perfect match and come out
right with every operation.
The advantages of the draw part of the machine, that is drawing the pattern
downward from the sand, are producing a mould that is the exact size and form of
the pattern, as it is done without rapping or loosening the pattern, and the rainming
part is for producing an equal and uniform packing or ramming of the sand in the
flask. A large per centage of time is saved by the operation, and further the work
of moulding with my combination machine, as just described, does not require
skilled labor, and the quality of castings is as good as, if not better than, those
produced by the best skilled hand labor in the ordinary way of moulding.
In addition to the machine, as above described, I also construct a second arm or
bracket W made to swing on the rods L, to which is attached a tucking plate X
which is made with projections and recesses on its face the reverse of the pattern,
and is employed for tucking in the sand around any part of the pattern projecting
above or below a plain surface; sand is thrown in the flask and the tucking plate
operated upon by a lever, the flask is then filled with sand and the rammer plate
applied, which is all the tucking and ramming required, the pattern is then ready
to be drawn. By this means the sand is tucked uniformly around every part of
the pattern, which is thoroughly essential to produce good castings.
The Invention further relates to certain improvements in the construction of
patterns and pattern plates for the formation of moulds for metallic castings, and is
designed to enable such moulds to be made rapidly by machinery, as abovo described,
in which such pattern plates are used in the process of casting by stamping the
mould in the sand.
The ordinary method of forming moulds in sand and other material for metallic
castings by hand has been found a tedious and expensive process, requiring the
services of a skilled mechanic.
Attempts have been made by the employment of metallic dies to simplify the
method of forming such moulds, and enable the same to be constructed rapidly by
machinery. To this end metallic pattern plates have been used in connection with
the ordinary patterns, such plates being constructed of sheet metal stamped into
proper. shape to fit around the patterns. Such plates have necessarily to be very
accurately constructed in order that both the pattern and bed may be removed
from one side of the plate, which has rendered the construction of such plates from
stamped metal very difficult if not wholly impracticable as well as extremely
expensive.
The principal object of the device is to overcome said objections by forming said
pattern plate from the pattern itself by first forming a pattern bed, then casting
suitable metal directly around and in contact with the pattern bed, whereby the

page_text: greatest accuracy is attained, and the pattern plate is constructed at comparatively
little expense.
In the Drawing Figure 6 represents a plan view of the pattern, pattern plate, and its
supporting plate or frame; Figure 7 represents a sectional view of the same, showing
the pattern bed also, and Figure 8 is a detached view of the pattern and pattern
bed.
In the Drawing the letter A¹ represents the pattern, which may be constructed
in the ordinary manner of wood, metal, or any suitable material; B' is the pattern
bed; C, the pattern plate; and D', a supporting frame surrounding said plate.
In the construction of the pattern bed 1 first prepare a half flask with moulding
sand in the same manner as for an ordinary mould, after which I embed the pattern
therein, face downward, and tamp around the same as usual, and afterward work it
off carefully around the line of parting. I then cover the surface with parting sand,
after which I place upon the half flask another half flask, and filled in and tamped
with sand, forming the two sides of the mould. So far the operation is precisely
the same followed in the preparation of the ordinary sand moulds. The two half
flasks are then separated, the pattern being allowed to remain in the first-mentioned
half flask. To the top of the said half flask is then secured a section of a flask, or
a frane similar to the supporting frame, of a height corresponding to the thickness
of the pattern bed to be formed, and sand is filled in and built up carefully around
the edges of the pattern to a height corresponding with the thickness desired in the
pattern bed. The last-mentioned half flask is then secured upon the section, proper
gates or channels having previously been made in the sand, and the metal poured
in, filling the space between the pattern and the mould formed upon the sand in the
sections and the upper or last tamped half flask, and forming the desired pattern
bed, the edges of which may be afterwards dressed off to remove any irregularities;
or, instead of forming the counterpart in the last tamped flask after the pattern is
embedded in the first, the second may be attached to the first half flask with the
pattern embedded in the sand therein, and additional sand filled in and built around
the pattern. The second half flask may be then secured, and after dusting the
surface of the sand and pattern with parting sand the counterpart may be formed,
as before mentioned. The part of the mould core formed in the last-mentioned
half of the flask may then be worked roughly off, so as to leave a proper space
between it and the pattern, when the parts of the flask are again placed together, and
the metal is cast in as before; or I fill the first-mentioned half flask with sand and
einbed the pattern therein, face downward, and then carefully work off the sand
along the parting line or upper edges of the pattern. After this is done I dust the
whole surface with parting sand, and then secure the other half flask and ram in
the sand as in the ordinary method of making a sand mould.. Upon separating the
two parts of the flask I have an exact impression of both sides of the pattern, as in
the ordinary moulds for casting metal. I then take the first-mentioned half flask,
containing the pattern embedded in the sand, and sink the pattern farther therein
to a depth corresponding to the thickness of the pattern bed to be formed. This
may be done by gently rapping the pattern into the sand, being careful to preserve
the contour of the edges of the sand, or by pressing the pattern firmly into the sand.
The two parts of the flask are then secured together, the gates or channels being
previously formed in the ordinary manner.
It will be perceived that the last-mentioned part of the flask will contain the
sand and face of the pattern bed, the metal on being poured in occupying the space
between said face and the reverse side of the pattern embedded in the first-men-
tioned part of the mould The pattern bed thus formed when removed is trimmed
off if necessary, and is ready to be used in the formation of the pattern plate, as
herein-after described.
From the pattern A¹ and pattern bed B¹ thus constructed the pattern plate C³ is
formed as follows:-A half flask is filled with sand as usual, which is struck off.
The franie D' is then embedded in the sand until its upper edges are flush with the
surface of the same, after which the pattern A' and pattern bed B₁ are embedded

page_text: in the sand within the frame D¹, the pattern uppermost. The sand is then carefully
worked off along the parting line, or the lower edge of the pattern, after which
another half flask is secured to the first, and a counterpart of the sand, and embedded
pattern in the same, is formed in said second half flask in the usual manner. The
parts of the flask are then separated, and the sand is carefully worked off below the
parting line of the pattern, along the edges of the pattern bed in a line as nearly
parallel as possible, and at a sufficient distance therefrom to give the desired
thickness to the pattern bed when finished. The surrounding portions of the surface
of the sand within the frame are also removed to a depth corresponding to the
thickness of the pattern plate C³ to be formed, after which the two parts of the
flask are properly secured together for casting, which is done in the ordinary
manner, the metal filling the space formerly occupied by the sand, which has been
removed from within the frame, forming the pattern plate C³ around the pattern A¹
and its bed B¹,
It is evident from the above description that the pattern and pattern bed may
be constructed and used in ono piece when desired, being formed in such case by
removing the pattern from the mould after the mould for the bed has been formed,
and before casting, as will be readily understood by any founder.
I have described this Invention as applied to moulds for store legs, in which the
pattern draws from only one side, but it is evident that it may be applied to the
construction of moulds for store plates, car wheels, car boxes, sewing machines, and
all other castings, whether drawing from one or two sides, in the latter instance
two beds and pattern plates being formed, one for each side of the mould.
It is obvious that other methods of forming the pattern plates by casting the
metal around the patterns may be employed, such as would naturally be suggested
to any one familiar with the casting and founding of metals; and hence I do not
confine myself to the precise details as herein-before set forth.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,-
Firstly. In a machine for moulding metal castings a vertically sliding frame
carrying a top plate E and a flask I, and a vertically movable plunger for carrying
the pattern, and a rammer arranged above the flask, the whole constructed sub-
stantially as described, whereby the sliding frame and flask can be forced upward
against the rammer for ramming the sand in the flask, and after the sand is rammed
the plunger and pattern can be moved downward independent of the frame and
flask to remove the pattern, as set forth.
Secondly. The combination with a moulding flask, constructed to have a vertical
movement imparted to it, of a swinging rammer bracket arranged upon a vertical
standard for pressing the sand when the flask is raised, substantially as described.
Thirdly. The combination with a moulding flask, constructed to have a vertical
movement imparted to it, of a swinging arm W and tucking plate X arranged upon
a vertical standard, said tucking plate provided with projections and recesses on its
face the reverse of the pattern for tucking-in the pattern around the sand before ram-
ming, as specified.
Fourthly. The combination of the upright rod L having the collars a, a, the
swinging bracket or rammer O arranged between said collars, and the sliding frame
C, C, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Fifthly. The process herein described of forming pattern plates from the pattern
itself by first forming a pattern bed and casting metal directly around and in contact
with the same, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of June One thousand eight hundred
and sowat AN