Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Three-cornered or Triangular Shaped Bags.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1389-Accepted, 7th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Three-cornered
or Triangular Shaped Bags.
We, JAMES BIBBY, JOHN BARON, WILLIAM BARON and JOB DUERDEN, all of
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, trading under the style or firm of "Bibby and
Baron Limited," Paper bag Manufacturers, and JOHN THOMAS BIBBY, Manager to the
said firm, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is designed to increase the production of cup-shaped, three cornered
or triangular shaped bags, by a continuous and unterrupted process; and also for the
better securing of the tip or bottom of the bag than heretofore.
The varied motions of the machine are so arranged, that the severing, pasting, and
folding mechanism for such bags may perform their respective functions unterruptedly,
whilst the paper is in motion. For this purpose, three sets of rolls are mounted in
Buitable bearings, on an inclined plane, on the upper part of the framing. The paper
on entering the machine, passes over a disc, partially emersed in a size trough,
receiving upon its margin a streak or supply of paste. The paper then passes forward
to the first pair of rolls, which may be termed the feed rolls, from whence it passes
between the next set or cutting rolls to the third set or draw rolls.
The severance of the paper into lengths from the continuous roll of paper is effected
by the cutting rolls. One revolution of the said rolls severs a blank or sheet of paper.
By increasing the speed of the cutting rolls shorter blanks are severed, and longer
blanks, by reducing the speed, the traverse of the paper through the machine in both
cases being at the same continuous speed.
The speed of the cutting rolls is determined by change wheels and eccentric blocks
or discs, in a manner similar to that described in the specification for patent granted
to the aforesaid Job Duerden, bearing date the 27th day of September 1887,
number 13093. The fore part of the sheet or blank of paper, immediately it emerges
from the draw rolls, is caused to enter a pair of creasing rolls by a knife or folding
edge, which deflects it, forming a crease or narrow fold of about of an inch in width.
The partly folded sheet or blank of paper is now conveyed upon an inclined table on
the opposite side of the framing to that carrying the rolls above mentioned, until its
folded edge bears against a gauge plate.
The next fold is formed by another knife or folding edge carried by a pair of
vibrating levers; this creases the sheet or blank diagonally from corner to corner, and
folds it, driving the crease through a diagonally disposed slot, extending nearly across
the inclined table, when it is seized by a pair of rolls, situated immediately beneath;
and in a line with the diagonal slot in the table, firmly pressing the pasted and folded
odges together: The pasted edge of the blank is made to overlap the outer surface
of the narrow fold, so as to dispense entirely with the small aperture at the tip or
bottom of the bag, which, in existing machines, is so difficult to prevent, when the
narrow fold overlaps the edge of the blank.
Instead of the first or narrow fold being effected by a knife or folding edge, as
in the foregoing description, it may be formed by guiding one edge of the paper,
traversing the machine, against the flange or edge of a roller or bearer, so as to crease
and turn it over, in such a manner, that when drawn between the feed rolls, such
fold will be perfectly and evenly laid. To increase or diminish the width of the
fold, it is simply requisite to move the spindle, carrying the roll of paper to be
formed into bags, more or less in the direction of the creasing ledge or flange of
the said roller or bearer. In this arrangement, the paper leaving the continuous roll
receives a deposite of paste at given intervals, for the purpose of securing the tip or
bottom of the bag when made. This is effected by a finger, which receives a supply

page_text: from a roller, revolving in a size trough, whilst the upper surface of the narrow
fold is being pasted by a disc-wheel in a similar manner to that in the foregoing
arrangement. The paper with its first or narrow, fold, when severed into lengths is
seized, and carried in succession by a reciprocating instrument, and deposited at an
angle of 45 degrees or thereabouts, over a pair of creasing rolls, (parallel with the
feed rolls) through which it is driven, by a knife or blade; or, the reciprocating
instrument may be dispensed with, and the creasing rolls set diagonally to those of
the feed rolls, at an angle of 45 degrees, that the creasing blade may drive the sheet
or blank, diagonally from corner to corner, to finally close the folds and pasted edges
together, depositing the bag now, formed upon the travelling tapes, which convey it
to the drying cylinders.
We would observe, that in both the foregoing arrangements, various sizes of cup
shaped or three cornered bags may be made in one machine, the speed of the cutting
rolls or severing mechanism and the width of the paper determining the size of
the bag.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Three-cornereḍ
or, Triangular Shaped Bags.
We JAMES BIBBY, JOHN. BARON, WILLIAM BARON and JOB DUERDEN, all of
Burnley in the County, of Lancaster, trading under the style or firm of Bibby & Baron
Limited, Paper Bag Manufacturers, and JOHN THOMAS BIBBY Manager to the said
firm, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
.
This invention is designed to increase the production of what is known to the
trade as "cup.shaped," "three. cornered" or "triangular shaped" bags by a con-
tinuous and uninterrupted process, and also for the better 'securing of the tip or
bottom of the bag than heretofore.
"The varied motions of the machine are so arranged that the severing, pasting and
folding mechanism for such bags may perform their respective functions uninterruptedly
whilst the paper
is in motion. For this purpose three sets; of- rolls are mounted in
suitable bearings on an incline plane or table at the upper part of the framing or
machine.
The paper on entering the machine passes over a disc partially immersed in a size
trough, receiving upon its margin a-streak or supply, of paste. The paper then passes
forward, to the first pair of rolls which may be termed 'the feed rolls, from whence it
passes between the next set or cutting rolls to the third set or draw rolls. The
severance of the paper into lengths from the continuous roll of paper is effected by the
cutting or severing rolls; one revolution of the said rolls severs a blank or sheet of
paper by increasing the speed of the cutting or severing rolls shorter blanks are
severed; and longer blanks by reducing the speed; the traverse of the paper through
the machine, in both cases being at the same continuous speed. The speed of the
cutting rolls is determined by change wheels and eccentric blocks or discs in a manner
similar to that described in the specification for Patent granted to the aforesaid Job
Duerden bearing date the 27th day of September 1887 No. 13093.
The fore part of the sheet or blank of paper immediately it emmerges from the draw
rolls is caused to enter a pair of creasing rolls by a knife or folding edge which deflects
it, forming a crease or narrow fold of about ths of an inch-in width. The partly
folded sheet or blank of paper is; now conveyed upon; an inclined table on-the
opposite side of the framing or machine to that carrying the rolls above mentioned.
The next fold is formed by another knife or folding edge carried by a pair of
vibrating-levers. This knife creases the sheet or blank diagonally from corner to

page_text: We will now describe the varied functions of the several rolls and the knives or
folding edges whereby we are enabled to manufacture bags of a triangular or three
cornered shape by a continuous and uninterrupted process which we believe to be
novel and not hitherto in use. The first set of rolls C and C draws the paper from
the reel B into the machine. The paper thus drawn is severed into bag lengths or
sheet blanks by the second pair of rolls D and D. Each blank when severed is
then carried forward by the third pair of rolls E and E¹ until its fore end is carried
slightly over the fourth pair or creasing rolls F and F¹, when the first knife or
folding edge F2 descends in its proper order of motion creasing or doubling the paper
blank between the bite of the said rolls, forming a narrow fold or lip F³ of about
gths of an inch in width at the fore end of the paper blank as seen in Figs. 1, 3, 5 and 6.
Immediately the bag length is liberated from the creasing rolls F and F', it is
struck by the second knife or folding edge V₁, Fig. 3, through a diagonally disposed
slit formed in the plate V creasing the said bag length diagonally on the line indicated
in Fig. 6. The two triangular halves G and G3 of the blank are thus folded one
over the other, the pasted edge B³ of one half overlapping the narrow fold or pleat F³
of the other as seen in Figs. 7 and 8 dispensing entirely with the small aperature at
the tip or bottom of the bag, which in existing machines is so difficult to prevent when
the narrow fold overlaps the edges of the blank.
We would here observe that with the exception of the cutting rolls D and D¹, the
several pairs of rolls above enumerated are arranged to revolve continuously in the
same direction and at the same uniform surface speed. If desired, however, the last
or fifth pair of rolls G and G¹ may have imparted to them an accellerated speed to
deliver the finished bag upon the travelling tapes clean & out of the way of those
behind and may be actuated by means of endless cord from groove pully H³, fixed to
driving shaft K through the medium of guide pulleys S and groove pulley H³.
The cutting rolls D and D as seen in Figs. 1, 2, and 9 are irregular but continuous
in their motion. This irregularity in the motion may be effected by the disc arrange-
ment described in the specification of Patent granted to the aforesaid Job Duerden
dated 1887 No. 13,093, for producing a variable motion to the cutting rolls described
in the said specification.
We, however, prefer the use of a pair of elliptical wheels I and I¹ seen in Figs. 2
and 3 to produce a variable motion which is determined by the relation between the
length of the major and minor axes of the ellipses, which may set forward or back-
ward so as to increase or diminish the speed of the cutting rolls immediately before
and during the severance of the bag length & in accordance with the speed or traverse
of the paper through the machine.
In all cases the cutting rolls are made to sever a bag length at each revolution, and
to increase or diminish the bag length it is simply necessary to substitute for the
change wheel H seen in Fig. 2, another of a smaller or larger diameter when the
speed of the cutting rolls and the movement of the folding mechanism are simultaneously
adjusted while the speed of the traversing paper remains as before.
When however any alteration in the general speed of the cutting rolls is effected by
the substitution of a change wheel as before described the elliptical wheel, I, will
require to be moved upon the arbor of the cutting roll D; at the same time for the
readjustment of the major or minor axes of the ellipses to bring the cutting edges of
the rolls to the same speed as the paper during the severance of the bag length.
We will now describe the details of mechanism by which the moving parts are
actuated as represented in Figs. 1, 2 & 3. All the motions of the machine are derived
from the main driving shaft K to which is secured pinion J in gear with intermediate
wheel, J which gears with the wheels C and E secured to the arbours of the rolls C
and E by which a uniform and continuous motion is imparted. This motion is also
conveyed from the roll E to the rolls F and F1 by the gear F4, F³, and F³, as seen
in Fig. 2.
The cutting rolls D and D¹, are actuated from the arbor of the rolls C by change
wheel H, which transmits motion to the elliptical wheel I through the medium of
intermediates M. M. and wheel M².

page_text: corner through a diagonally disposed slit extending across the inclined table, when it
is seized by a pair of rolls situated immediately beneath and in a line with the diagonal
slit, firmly pressing the pasted and folded edges together.
The pasted edge of the blank is made to overlap the outer surface of the narrow fold,
so' as to dispense' entirely with the small aperture at the tip or bottom of the bag which
in existing machines is so difficult to prevent when the narrow fold overlaps the edge
of the blank.
Instead of the first or narrow fold being made by a knife or folding edge as in the
foregoing description, it may be creased and turned over in such a manner that when
drawn between the feed rolls, such fold will be perfectly and evenly laid. To increase
or diminish the width of this fold it is simply requisite to move the spindle carrying
the roll of paper to be formed into bags more or less in the direction of the creasing
ledge of the said roller or bearer.
In this arrangement we prefer to apply the paste to the upper surface of the fold by
means of a disc wheel, which is partially immersed in a size trough and a further
supply of paste may also be deposited at suitable intervals by a finger to more fully
cement the tip or bottom of the bag when made. The paper with its first or narrow
fold may be severed by a knife or folding blade into lengths which are seized and
carried in succession by a reciprocating instrument and deposited at an angle of 45°
or thereabouts over a pair of creasing rolls parallel with the feed rolls through which
it is driven by a blade. Or, the reciprocating instrument may be dispensed with and
the creasing rolls set diagonally to those of the feed rolls at an angle of 45° that the
creasing blade may drive the sheet or blank diagonally from corner to corner to finally
close the folds and pasted edges together, depositing the bag now formed upon
travelling tapes which convey it to the drying cylinder.
We would observe that by the above arrangements various sizes of cup shaped or
three cornered bags may be made in one machine. The speed of the cutting rolls or
severing mechanism and the width of the paper.determining the size of the bag.
And in order that our invention may be properly understood and readily carried
into practical effect we have hereunto attached the accompanying sheets of drawings
marked with figures and letters of reference, the same letters referring to the same or
corresponding parts in the various views and figures.
.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a paper bag machine constructed in accordance
with our invention. In this view the top of the machine is shewn as forming two
inclined planes or tables at right angles to the other. Fig. 2 is a plan representing
four sets or pairs of rolls and a knife or folding edge hereinafter described. Fig. 3 is
a plan of the fifth set of rolls diagonally disposed and the second knife or folding
edge, by which the final fold of the bag is produced.
Fig. 4 represents a paper blank when severed. Fig. 5 shews the paper blank with
a narrow fold. Fig. 6 is a similar view indicating by dotted lines the direction of the
final crease. Fig. 7 represents the bag as being finally closed. Fig. 8 is an enlarged
view of Fig. 7.
Sheet 2, Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation of the two inclined tables and the position of
the four sets of rolls on the first' table" or plane, the gearing. being excluded with a
view to render the description of the said rolls and their respective functions more
intelligible. Figs. 10 and 11, Sheet 2, represent the two elliptical wheels and the
manner of adjusting the same to the speed or traverse of the paper at the time of
severing the paper blank. Sheet 3, Fig. 12 is an elevation and Fig. 13 a plan of a
modified arrangement of our invention, the several sets of rolls being arranged on
one horizontal table or plane. Sheet 4, Figs. 15 and 16 represent the reciprocating
instrument as hereinbefore mentioned and its mode of application..
Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, A is the framework of the machine, B a reel of paper
from which bags are subsequently assumed to be made. B is a trough .con-
taining paste, in which is partially immersed the paster disc B. This disc transmits
to the margin of the paper traversing through the machine a continuous streak of
paste by which the edges and folds are cemented and held together. when -the bag
is finally made.

page_text: The elliptical wheel I is in gear with corresponding wheel I', to which is cast or
fixed disc plate N³, having annular dove-tailed recess sunk in its face, in which is
fitted the edge of the bolts O and 01, as seen in Fig. 11, sheet 2. These bolts project
through the holes in the disc plate n², keyed to the arbor of the roll D so that by
tightening the nuts 0 and 03 the two disc plates and the illeptical wheel I¹ become
firmly secured to the arbor of the roll D as seen in Figs. 10 and 11. When the
ellipses require readjustment as and for the purpose hereinbefore mentioned, the
nuts 02 and 03 are slackened and the elliptical wheel I moved to a suitable position
on the arbor of the roll D when the nuts are again tightened to secure the parts
together.
For the purpose of actuating the folding edges two cams are employed L³ and G,
the former serving as a boss for the latter and is secured to the opposite end of the
shaft from that carrying the elliptical wheel I. The first knife or folding edge as seen
in Figs. 1 and 2 is carried by the arms S¹ and S² secured to the rocking shaft L, at
one end of which is lever L' having at its extremity a small bowl or pulley L³, which,
dropping from the swell of the cam L at the proper time causes the knife F² to crease
the first or narrow fold, as previously described. The second or diagonal crease is
made by the knife or folding edge V₁, Fig. 3, attached to arms G, secured to shaft G₂
from which projects upwards a lever connected by a rod Go to vertical lever G
carrying at its upper end a bowl G which falls into a recess Q¹ in cam Q, so as to
suddenly depress by gravitation the knife or folding edge V at the proper time to
form the final crease.
In describing the arrangement of mechanism represented in sheet 3 Figs. 12 and 13
for producing a triangular or three cornered bag on the continuous rotary system, we
would here observe that various parts of the machine are actuated in the same or in
an equivalent manner and perforin the same functions as those described in the fore-
going arrangement; such parts are therefore denoted by the same letters and figures
of reference.
It will be seen that in the latter arrangement the several sets of rolls are arranged
above the framework A upon a horizontal table or plane instead of the inclined planes
as represented in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The essential features of novelty different from
those of the foregoing arrangement are, the formation of the narrow or first fold of
the bag and the deposition of a supply of paste at suitable intervals which is designed
to assist in more firmly securing the tip or bottom of the bag; this supply of paste
being used in addition to the longitudinal streak of paste deposited by the paste
disc B*.
Instead of the narrow fold or pleat being formed transversely or across the paper as
in the foregoing description, it is formed longitudinally along the margin of the paper.
To effect this purpose the paper is made to overhang at the margin, the end or edge
of the roller U, to the extent of about ths of an inch, so as to cause a deflection of
the overhanging margin which is then gradually turned under the traversing paper by
guide fingers until it is finally laid flat with the fold on the top of the sheet when
passing over the guide roller U' on its way to the draw rollers C and U.
The paste discs B2 deposit a continuous streak of paste along the upper surface of
the narrow fold whilst passing over the roller U₁ and to prevent the paste so applied
from adhering to the roll the latter is reduced in diameter at C³, Fig. 13, sufficient
to be clear of the fold. The pasting devise for supplying and transmitting paste at
intervals within the crease of the narrow fold may consist of paste trough P in which
revolves the paste disc P' on the arbor of which is fixed ratchet wheel P. This wheel
is actuated by catch Ps joined to one end of the lever P* the other end of which is
acted upon by the revolving cam P° secured to shaft R. To the shaft R is also secured
the paste point or finger which revolving receives from the disc P' a supply of
paste which is transmitted within the crease of the narrow fold before the latter is
finally laid and at a point which will subsequently form the tip or bottom of the
bags.
This operation is repeated for each bag length,

page_text: By referring to Figs. 12 and 13 it will be seen that the creasing rolls F and F' and
the knife or folding edge are dispensed with to produce the narrow fold I³, this being
effected in the manner set forth in the foregoing paragraph in this arrangement.
In Figs. 15 and 16, sheet 4, T¹ and 12 represent carrier plates which receive from
the rolls E and E' the paper blank depositing the same diagonally over the rolls G
and G which are parallel with rolls and E'. When so deposited the blank is
struck with knife or folding edge F through a slit in V, when it is then conveyed
to the travelling tapes by rolls G and G. Both carrier plates reciprocate from vertical
shaft T which has also a vertical movement imparted to it from cam Z, so as to raise
the upper carrier plate out of contact with plate T when receiving the paper blank
from rolls E and E', and when depositing it diagonally over rolls G and G₁.
To allow the upper carrier plate to be raised without the lower, a key is fitted
into the sleeve of the latter, so as to take into a vertical slot in the shaft T
which is also caused to reciprocate through the medium of cam Y acting against
the end of rod Y¹ connected to a lever fixed to shaft T; spring Y being
employed to cause a return movement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
The manufacture and use of paper bag machinery constructed for the production
of triangular or cup shaped bags by the continuous and uninterrupted process
substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 9th day of September 1889.
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent for the Applicants.