Improvements in Apparatus for Making Ice Creams or other Preparations of the like kind.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Apr., 1895-Accepted, 8th June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Making Ice Creams or other
Preparations of the like kind.
We, HowARD LANE, of Corporation Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, and JOHN PULLMAN, of Greek Street, in the County of
Middlesex; Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
It has been proposed to make ice creams or other frozen preparations of the like
kind, by utilizing the cold produced by the expansion of carbonic acid gas or
other suitable gas, aud the present invention has for its object a novel form and
method of construction, arrangement, and operation, of apparatus for such
purpose.
For this purpose we use a horizontal cylinder of thin metal or other suitable
material, having pivots at its ends, revolving in suitable bearings, by means of a
handle or other convenient means. One of the pivots is hollow and is connected
by means of a stuffing box or equivalent means with a pipe communicating with a
bottle or reservoir containing carbonic acid gas in a very highly compressed, or
liquefied state, the bottle being also provided in the usual way with a stop valve, a
pressure gauge, and a reducing valve by which the pressure of the gas may be
reduced to any desired point before it enters the freezing apparatus. The gas is
admitted through a small aperture, and is allowed to expand in the revolving
cylinder which may be without interior fittings but is preferably fitted with an
inner cylinder of somewhat less diameter a helical thread or partition being
arranged between the two cylinders so that the expanding gas in passing from one
end to the other has to pass through the elongated passage formed by the helical
partition. The gas first entering the inner cylinder from the small inlet opening
fills the cylinder, and then passes through one or more openings into one end of the
helical passage along which it passes and escapes at the other end, in its expansion
reducing to a very low point the temperature of the cylinders.
Outside the outer cylinder we arrange, at one side, a trough the full length of
the cylinder and touching the periphery of the latter, into which the cream or
other material to be frozen is admitted by degrees in a thin film so that the front
edge of the film comes in contact with the intensely cold cylinder, by which it is
frozen, the frozen part adhering to the cylinder and being taken up and carried round
by the latter until it comes in contact with an adjustable scraper, the full length of
the cylinder, by which it is removed and delivered into a spout or shoot along
which it passes to be utilized as desired.
The cream or other substance to be frozen is supplied to one end of the trough
in which it is applied to the cold surface of the revolving cylinder, from a suitable
glass or other vessel or reservoir, preferably adjustable and which may be arranged
on the well known principle of the "bird fountain," in which as the liquid from a
reservoir closed above is removed from an opening at its lower end a bubble of air
enters it and allows a fresh quantity to descend and so on by degrees until the
reservoir is empty.
The freezing apparatus described may be covered in where advisable and may
be made as ornamental as desired. The expanded gas after having cooled
the revolving cylinder may be allowed to escape, but we prefer to arrange the
entire apparatus upon or in connection with, a refrigerator or cooling chamber into
which the expanded cold gas is allowed to pass so as to keep such chamber or
го

page_text: refrigerator cool, so that it can be used to keep cold or preserve food or other
articles which it is desired to keep at a low temperature.
The scraper by which the frozen material is removed from the surface of the
revolving cylinder as described is preferably made adjustable. so that its position
can be regulated and its edge kept either in contact with the cylinder or at a short
distance from the latter.
We do not confine ourselves to the precise method of construction and arrange-
ment and proportions of the different parts of the apparatus, which may be varied
more or less as may be found advisable to suit different circumstances.
Dated this 20th day of July 1894.
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Making Ice Creams or other
Preparations of the like kind.
We, HOWARD LANE, of Corporation Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Engineer, and JOHN PULLMAN, of Greek Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, and accompanying drawings, that is to say :-
It has been proposed to make ice creams or other frozen preparations of the like
kind, by utilizing the cold produced by the expansion of carbonic acid gas or
other suitable gas, and the present invention has for its object a novel form,
and method of construction, arrangement, and operation, of apparatus for such
purpose.
In order to put our invention in operation, we use a horizontal cylinder of thin metal
or other suitable material, having pivots at it ends, revolving in suitable bearings
by means of a handle or other convenient means. One of the pivots is hollow and is
connected by means of a stuffing box or equivalent device with a pipe communi-
cating with a bottle or reservoir containing carbonic acid gas in a very highly
compressed or liquefied state, the bottle being also provided in the usual way with a
stop-valve, a pressure gauge, and a reducing valve by which the pressure of the
gas may be reduced to any desired point before it enters the freezing apparatus.
The gas is admitted through a small aperture, and is allowed to expand in the
revolving cylinder which may be without interior fittings but is preferably fitted
with an inner cylinder of somewhat less diameter, a helical thread or partition
being arranged between the two cylinders so that the expanding gas in passing
from one end to the other has to pass through the elongated passage formed by the
helical partition. The gas first entering the inner cylinder from the small inlet
opening fills the cylinder, and then passes through one or more openings into one
end of the helical passage along which it passes and escapes at the other end, in
its expansion reducing to a very low point the temperature of the cylinder.
Outside the outer cylinder we arrange, a trough the full length of the cylinder,
into which the cream or other material to be frozen is admitted by degrees from a
reservoir or other supply in a thin film, so that it comes in contact with the
periphery of the intensely cold cylinder, by which it is congealed or frozen, the
congealed part adhering to the cylinder and being taken up and carried round by
the latter until it comes in contact with a scraper, the full length of the cylinder,
by which it is removed and delivered into a spout or shoot along which it passes to
be utilized as desired.
The accompanying drawings are in illustration of the invention, Figure 1 being a
longitudinal section through the principal parts of the apparatus, Figure 2 a plan,
and Figures 3 and 4 end views of the same.

page_text: a is a horizontal cylinder having a periphery of thin metal, and turning in:
bearings in suitable frames 1, b. In the figures, the cylinder a is shewn provided
with an inner hollow cylinder c, a narrow space being left between the two
cylinders, and this space containing a helical partition or thread d, extending from
end to end of the cylinder. In the inlet end of the cylinder is screwed an end e
provided with a stuffing box f, and at the other or outlet end is screwed a plug g,
the inner end of which is tubular and extends nearly to a transverse central
partition h across the cylinder, whilst its outer end is taper or conical and is ground or
fitted into a case or socket i which is screwed through the frame so that it
can be exactly adjusted, and fixed in position by a lock nut k. The end of the
conical plug g is prolonged cylindrically and is fitted with a handle at by which the
cylinder can be turned round. The central passage in the plug g communicates
through transverse openings through the socket i with an annular space m in the
bearing and thence with the passage n in the frame b'.
At the other end of the cylinder, a hollow spindle o passes through the frame b
and through the stuffing box, its inner part being reduced in diameter and passing
through the end of the stuffing box f, its end which extends nearly to the transverse
partition h, being closed, but one or more lateral openings p being made from its
central bore into the interior of the cylinder.
The other or outer end of the spindle is fitted with a stuffing box r, through
which passes a central spindle s, the inner end t of which is conical and serves as a
valve when adjusted upon a corresponding seat near the inner end of the central
bore of the spindle o.
The central spindles is of such diameter or of such shape in cross section that
the gas can pass along it, and its outer part is screwed through a corresponding
thread in the outer spindle o, and is provided at its outer end with a knob or
handle u by which the conical valve t can be accurately closed or adjusted. Near
the outer end of the spindle o is a lateral branch v communicating by means of
suitable connections and pipes with a bottle or reservoir containing carbonic acid
in a very highly compressed, or liquefied state. Small passages wo are made near
the ends of the cylinder, forming communications between the interior of the latter
and the helically divided space between the inner cylinder c and the outer one a.
The spindle o is fixed in position by the flange o' and screws o³.
Outside the cylinder a is arranged below, a moveable and adjustable trough or
vessel (Figure 6), into which the cream or other material to be congealed is
admitted slowly and by degrees from a reservoir y or other source of supply, so
that it comes in contact with the outer surface of the cylinder a, and is congealed
or frozen, in which state it adheres to the cylinder and is carried round upon the
surface of the latter when it is turned by the handle, until it comes in contact with
an adjustable scraping edge z which forms part of the bottom of a delivering
shoot or spout 1, down which it is delivered.
The cream or other substance to be frozen may be supplied to the trough a in
which it is applied to the cold surface of the revolving cylinder a, from a vessel or
reservoir 2, of glass or other suitable material, (as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6,)
preferably adjustable, and which may be arranged on the well known principle. of
the "bird fountain." In this case the reservoir will have to be closed above, as
shewn at y, so that as the liquid is removed from an opening 3 at its lower end, a
bubble of air enters it and allows a fresh quantity to descend, and so on by degrees
until the reservoir is empty.
The freezing apparatus described may be covered-in, where advisable, and may
be made as ornamental as desired. The expanded gas after having cooled the
revolving cylinder may be allowed to escape, but we prefer to arrange the entire
apparatus upon or in connection with, a refrigerator or cooling chamber 4, as
illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, into which the expanded cold gas is allowed to pass
through an opening 5, Figure 5, so as to keep such chamber or refrigerator cool,
so that it can be used to keep cold or preserve food or other articles which it is
desired to keep at a low temperature.

page_text: In Figure 6 an adjustable scraper, of indiarubber or other suitable material, is
shewn in dotted lines at 6, the lower edge of this scraper being made adjustable, so
that its position can be regulated and its edge kept either close to the surface of
the cylinder a, or at a short distance from the latter, so as to render the thickness
of congealed material uniform.
It will be seen that an essential feature of our invention is the use of a hollow
cylinder reduced to a very low temperature by internal refrigeration, and made to
revolve with its external periphery in contact with the cream or other substance
which is to be congealed, such substance when sufficiently so congealed being
removed from the surface of the cylinder.
We do not confine ourselves to the precise method of construction and arrange-
ment, and proportions of the different parts of the apparatus, which may be varied
more or less as may be found advisable to suit different circumstances.
For instance, the revolving cylinder may consist of an external periphery only,
containing a helical partition to one end of which the expanding gas is admitted,
wbilst it escapes through a suitable opening at the other end.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. In apparatus for making ice creams or other preparations of the like kind, the
use of a hollow cylinder reduced to a sufficiently low temperature by the expansion
of compressed carbonic acid or other suitable gas in its interior, its exterior being
made to revolve in contact with the substance to be congealed, which, when
sufficiently congealed is removed from its surface, substantially as described.
2. In apparatus of the kind described in Claini 1, the combination of the hollow
cylinder, the hollow spindle o and regulating spindle and valve s, t, for the
admission of the compressed gas, the hollow spindle g, for the escape of the
expanded gas, the frames b, b', the scraping edge z, and the trough a, all substantially
as and for the purpose described and illustrated.
3. In apparatus of the kind described in Claim 1, the refrigerating cylinder
consisting of an external case a, an internal cylinder c, a helical partition d between
them, and a central diaphragm h, substantially as described and illustrated.
4. In combination with the refrigerating cylinder described in Claim 3, the
hollow spindle o, stuffing box ƒ opening or openings p, passages w, stuffing box r,
inner screwed spindles and valve t, hollow spindle g, having transverse openings
communicating with the passage n, and socket i, arranged and operating substantially
as described and illustrated.
5. As a substitute for the refrigerating cylinder described in Claim 4, a cylinder
consisting of an external periphery containing a helical partition, to one end of
which the expanding gas is admitted, whilst it escapes through an opening at the
other end, substantially as described.
6. In combination with apparatus of the kind described in Claim 1, the reservoir
consisting of a vessel 2, closed above, and containing the substance to be congealed,
in combination with the discharge orifice 3, communicating with the trough
substantially as described and illustrated.
7. In combination with apparatus of the kind described in Claim 1, the
refrigerating chamber 4, into which the expanded gas is discharged through an
opening 5, substantially as and for the purpose described aud illustrated.
T
EDWARDS & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.