IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCKET PIPES FOR SEWERS AND DRAINS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Crocker Cross, of Dewsbury, in the West
Riding of the County of York, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCKET PIPES FOR SEWERS AND
DRAINS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Crocker Cross,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1881.
BENJAMIN CROCKER CROSS, of Dewsbury, in the West Riding of the County of
York, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCKET PIPES
FOR SEWERS AND DRAINS."
The object of the Invention is to have a socket pipe, so that the underside of
same when laid shall be in one and the same straight line; to effect which object
I make the thickness of the pipe on one side equal to the combined thicknesses
of the other side and the socket; by so doing I not only get an equal distribution
of weight on the whole of the pipe, but also get an extra thickness of pipe at the
part where nearly all the wear and tear occurs.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Benjamin Crocker Cross in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
26th August 1881.
BENJAMIN CROCKER CROSS, of Dewsbury, in the West Riding of the County of
York, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOCKET PIPES
FOR SEWERS AND DRAINS."
My Invention consists in constructing a socket pipe, so that when a series of
pipes are laid in position, the bottoms or beds of same and also the inverts of same
shall be in one and the same straight line.
Having thus explained the nature of my Invention, I will now more fully
describe the construction of same, for which purpose I shall have reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings which shews the general principles of my
Invention.
Fig. I. shows a cross section of pipe and front elevation of socket; it will be
seen that the thickness at the invert of pipe is considerably more than that of the
crown of pipe, and that the bottom or bed is flat.
Fig. II. shows a longitudinal section by which it will be seen how I construct the
socket.
The Drawings shew the principles of my Invention as applicable to a pipe of
twenty-four inches internal diameter, but the same principles are applicable to
pipes of any other internal dimensions.
The advantages I claim for this pipe are,-
1st. A perfectly even and flat bed.
2nd. A perfectly even invert.
3rd. The whole of superincumbent weight is equally distributed throughout the
pipe.
4th. The extra thickness of pipe where the wear and tear occurs, viz., on the
invert.
The pipes can be made in fire-clay, stoneware, concrete, or any other suitable
material.
Having now fully described the nature of the said Invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
bind myself to the exact details or arrangements shown in the accompanying
Drawings, as these may possibly be modified or rearranged without in any way
interfering with the general principles of the Invention.
What I lay claim to in this Invention is,-
1st. A. flat bottom or bed for the pipe as shown...
2nd. The mode of construction of socket as shown.
3rd. The extra thickness of pipe at the bed or bottom.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Crocker Cross, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
DRA
A ADAG
DEN. C. CROSS. (LL.B.)