IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEARINGS, STEPS, AXLE-BOXES, AND OTHER SURFACES AND APPLIANCES, OR ARTICLES SUBJECTED TO FRICTION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Patrick Sarsfield Devlan, of Jersey City, in the State
of New Jersey, in the United States of America, at present temporarily
of Buckingham Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEARINGS,
STEPS, AXLE-BOXES, AND OTHER SURFACES AND APPLIANCES, OR ARTICLES
SUBJECTED TO FRICTION."
Sealed the 21st April 1863, and dated the 24th October 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Patrick Sarsfield Devlan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th October 1862.
I, PATRICK SARSFIELD DEVLAN, of Jersey City, in the State of New Jersey,
in the United States of America, at present temporarily of Buckingham
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BEARINGS, STEPS, AXLE-BOXES, AND OTHER SURFACES AND APPLIANCES, OR ARTICLES
SUBJECTED TO FRICTION," to be as follows:-
The principal object of my Invention is to form bearing surfaces, linings,
packings, or fittings for axle-boxes, and steps and other surfaces subjected to
friction. For these purposes I use asbestos or other mineral fibrous substance;
or leather, or an animal fibrous substance, or an artificial leather reduced to a
pulp or similar consistency. When I use asbestos I combine it with a gummy

page_text: glutinous, gelatinous, feculous, or albuminous substance, or other substance
capable of rendering it cohesive. I prefer to manufacture a composition for
the purposes of my Invention by combining one or more of the aforesaid
mineral or animal fibrous substances, or leather, or artificial leather reduced
to pulp with albumen, or with dextrine, gum tragacanth, gum kouri, gutta
percha, or other gum, gum resin, or mucilage, or two or more of these, and
with graphite or plumbago and steatite, tale, or other silicate of magnesia,
or a compound thereof, or instead of, or in addition to albumen gum, gum
resin or mucilage, I sometimes use gelatine, starch, gluten, or gelatinous,
amylaceous, feculous, or glutinous materials or compounds.
I also manufacture an improved composition for the same purposes, by
combining cotton, hemp, or other vegetable fibrous material reduced to pulp
with albumen or gutta percha, gelatine, starch or gluten, or a glutinous,
feculous, amylaceous, or gelatinous product or compound, or two or more
thereof, and with graphite or plumbago, and with steatite, talc, or other
silicate of magnesia or a compound thereof.
The following is an example of suitable proportions in some cases, viz
glutinous, gelatinous, feculous, or albuminous substance, or other substance
capable of rendering it cohesive. I prefer to manufacture a composition for
the purposes of my Invention by combining one or more of the aforesaid
mineral or animal fibrous substances, or leather, or artificial leather reduced
to pulp with albumen, or with dextrine, gum tragacanth, gum kouri, gutta
percha, or other gum, gum resin, or mucilage, or two or more of these, and
with graphite or plumbago and steatite, tale, or other silicate of magnesia,
or a compound thereof, or instead of, or in addition to albumen gum, gum
resin or mucilage, I sometimes use gelatine, starch, gluten, or gelatinous,
amylaceous, feculous, or glutinous materials or compounds.
I also manufacture an improved composition for the same purposes, by
combining cotton, hemp, or other vegetable fibrous material reduced to pulp
with albumen or gutta percha, gelatine, starch or gluten, or a glutinous,
feculous, amylaceous, or gelatinous product or compound, or two or more
thereof, and with graphite or plumbago, and with steatite, talc, or other
silicate of magnesia or a compound thereof.
Zo
The following is an example of suitable proportions in some cases, viz
1 lb. vegetable or other pulp,
1 lb. steatite,
lb. graphite,
adding sufficient gum to bring the above ingredients into a pasty consistency,.
but these proportions may be varied, and I do not restrict myself to them.
When I use albumen I prefer after mixing it with the other ingredients to
coagulate it and dry it. The aforesaid materials and compositions, as also the
material specified by me under my Patent dated 14th February 1861, and
numbed 377, may in many cases be pressed in and retained by a shell box or
casing of malleable iron.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Patrick Sarsfield Devlan in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 24th April 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PATRICK
SARSFIELD DEVLAN, of Jersey City, in the State of New Jersey, in the United
States of America, at present temporarily of Buckingham Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
3
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3

page_text: Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Patrick Sarsfield Devlan, Her special licence that I, the said Patrick
Sarsfield Devlan, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Patrick Sarsfield Devlan, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEARINGS, STEPS, AXLE
BOXES AND OTHER SURFACES AND APPLIANCES, OR ARTICLES SUBJECTED TO FRICTION,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Patrick Sarsfield Devlan,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, .or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Patrick Sarsfield Devlan, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-.
The object of my Invention is to form bearing surfaces and linings,
packings, or internal fittings for axle boxes and steps, and to produce other
surfaces or articles subjected to friction. For these purposes I use asbestos
or other mineral fibrous substance combined with a gummy, glutinous,
gelatinous, feculous, or albuminous substance, or other substance capable of
rendering it cohesive. I manufacture for the purposes of my Invention a
composition which I call composition No. 1, by combining asbestos or other
mineral fibrous substance reduced to a pulp or pulpy or similar consistency
with albumen or with dextrine, gum tragacanth, gum kouri, gutta percha
or other gum, gum resin, or mucilage, or two or more of these, and
with graphite or plumbago, and steatite, talc, or other silicate of magnesia,
or a compound thereof. Or instead of or in addition to. albumen gum, gum
resin, or mucilage, I sometimes use in this composition gelatine, starch, gluten,
or gelatinous, amylaceous, feculous, or glutinous materials or compounds.
I also manufacture a composition, which I call composition No. 2, by

page_text: combining albumen with leather or other animal fibrous substance reduced to
pulp, and with graphite and steatite or other silicate of magnesia or. compound
thereof, or instead of or in addition to albumen, I sometimes use in this
composition starch, gluten, or amylaceous or feculous materials.
I also manufacture an improved composition which I call composition
No. 3, (for the same purposes) by combining cotton, hemp, or other vegetable
fibrous material reduced to pulp with albumen or gutta percha, gelatine,.
starch, or gluten, or a glutinous, feculous, amylaceous, or gelatinous product
or compound, or two or more thereof, and with graphite or plumbago, and
with steatite, talc, or other silicate of magnesia or a compound thereof.
Having thus set forth the nature of my Invention, I proceed more
particularly to describe in what manner the same may be carried into.
effect.
The following is an example of suitable proportions, in some cases, viz.,
1 lb. asbestos, or other above-mentioned pulp,
1 lb. steatite,
lb. graphite,
adding sufficient cohesive material to bring the ingredients into a pasty.
consistency, but these proportions may be varied, and I do not restrict myself
to them.
When I use albumen I prefer after mixing it with the other
ingredients to coagulate and dry it. This may be done by heating the.
composition to about 212° Fahrenheit while yet damp this coagulates the
albumen and renders it insoluble.
In manufacturing the compositions the ingredients should be well mixed
together in a plastic state and dried by heat and pressed by hydraulic or other
pressure, or the compositions may be moulded or pressed when plastic into
moulds, boxes, or shells and allowed to dry. The recess for a journal may be
produced by pressing the composition round the journal (which is to run in
it) or round a mandril, the composition will serve for the lining or packing of
axle boxes and steps, and for the production of other bearing surfaces, and
surfaces or articles subjected to friction.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what.
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the employment of asbestos or other mineral fibrous substance in the
manner and for the purpose described.
Second, the production and employment of the improved compositions.
herein called No. 1 and No. 3, and herein-before described for the purposes
set forth.

page_text: Third, the composition herein called No. 2 in so far as regards the employ-
ment therein of albumen, starch, gluten, or amylaceous or feculous materials
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Patrick Sarsfield Devlan, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
SAMUEL B. TUCKER.
PATRICK SARSFIELD DEVLAN. (L.s.)