Arrangement of Connections and Conductors for Railways Worked by Electricity.
Year: 1899

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 15th May, 1900-Accepted, 23rd June, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Arrangement of Connections and Conductors for Railways Worked
by Electricity.
We, GABRIEL WINTER, of 3 Schlickgasse, Vienna IX, Engineer, and Eи
FÜTTER, of 22, Währingerstrasse, Vienna, IX, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:
In railways of considerable extent worked by electricity such as main lines
and inter-town lines, it has been found advisable in order to economize con-
ductor-copper to employ working currents of greater pressure than the ordinary
pressures at present in use which lie generally between the limits of 500
600 volts. But considerations for the safety of the travelling public as also for
that of the electrically unskilled railway staff have hitherto been opposed to
the use of higher pressures with the use of any of the systems of current supply at
present in ordinary use. The hereinafter described arrangement of connections
and conductors allows of the possibility of employing higher working pres-
sures in railways of the kind above referred to, the arrangement being such
that the line conductor is fed, at all those places and parts of the track of the
railway which are accessible to the public and also to the unskilled staff, only
with current of low pressure (not more than 500 volts) whilst the line conductor
is fed with current of high pressure at all the other parts of the line where
free access and traffic is not allowed to the public. The saving in copper which
is effected in the high pressure supply lines by this arrangement, would be again
partly lost by reason of the copper which has to be employed for the purpose
of feeding the protected sections, if the dimensions of the said supply conduc-
tors were to be calculated from the same points of view as those obtaining with
the conductors supplying the open track. This would be the case more especially
when the pressure of the high pressure line conductor is not of any great
amount for example, 1000 volts. But as in most stations which are to be fed
with the current of low pressure only a working current of such pressure is
required which will enable the vehicles to start and to move on to the high
pressure line conductor, the pressure which would otherwise be lost in the
starting resistances can be placed as loss wholly or partly in the supply con-
ductor which consequently can be made correspondingly lighter. This of course
does not exclude the provision of starting resistances in the vehicles, because
such resistances may be employed in certain cases especially for starting on the
open track. Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows an arrangement
of this kind. 1 is the rail line: 2 and 3 indicate the line conductor.
The line conductor 2 is fed with current of high pressure and the line con-
ductor 3 is fed with current of low pressure. The places marked 4 are stations
or level crossings which are provided with the line conductor 3 of low working
pressure. 5 and 6 are supply conductors, of which the conductor 5 carries the
current of high pressure whilst the conductor 6 which is branched off here as
a middle conductor from two current generators 7 coupled together in series,

page_text: carries the current of low tension that supplies the protected sections.
track section insulators.
8 are
The current supply of such stations which are at a great distance from the
place of generation of the current may also be supplied with advantage by
means of their own current generators, accumulators, transformers, situated in
the station itself, and their capacity or pressure must only be made so great
as to be sufficient, on giving the necessary starting current, to start the motors
or to enable the cars to move on to the high pressure line conductor. The
carrying out of these arrangements will be seen from Figs. 1, 2 and 3 In the
arrangement shown in Fig. 1 the current generator 9 of a station is driven
by means of a motor 10 fed from the high pressure conductor, but it may also
be driven by an independent prime motor engine. Fig. 2 shows the connection
of an accumulator battery 11, and Fig. 3 shows the connection of a trans-
former 12 with the high pressure conductor. The local or temporary conditions
of traffic in the stations, such for example as are produced by a heavy shunting
service, may also in some cases necessitate a constant and somewhat higher
pressure than that which would be necessary for starting purposes alone.
order to effect the passing of the vehicles from the line conductor fed with
low pressure current on to the high pressure line conductor without danger for
the motors, one or more resistances are inserted in that part of the high pres-
sure line conductor which immediately adjoins the low tension line conductor.
or the line conductor itself may be constructed as a resistance.
The taking
of the current by the vehicles passing along the line, is thereby effected with
gradual increase of pressure with a constantly increasing speed of travel without
having to employ a resistance on the vehicle itself.
In
Instead of these resistances, accumulator cells may also be inserted so that
the high pressure line conductor, which is split up into a number of parts
insulated from each other, is connected at the places of division by means of
one or more cells of a battery.
These cells of an accumulator battery inserted in the high pressure line con-
ductor may also be connected to or combined with a battery employed for
feeding the low pressure line conductor: and this mode of connection produces
a graduated change of pressure between the two line conductors. A battery
connected up in this manner allows the cars running into the stations (when
the motors are suitably connected) to be braked so as to give current to the
line conductor accumulators and thus to recover a part of the speed-energy of
the vehicle and on starting the vehicles the loss in the starting resistances
is reduced to a very small amount by reason of the gradual increase of pressure.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the arrangements just described. 13 indicates the resistances
inserted in the line conductor. 8 indicates as before the insulators or places
of division in the line conductor. Fig. 5 shows the above described connection
of an accumulator battery 14 to the line conductor for the purpose of producing
a graduated change of pressure from the low pressure line conductor to the
high pressure line conductor.
Dated this 25th day of August 1899.
ABEL IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.
Arrangement of Connections and Conductors for Railways Worked
by Electricity.
We, GABRIEL WINTER, of 3 Schlickgasse, Vienna IX, Engineer, and EMIL
FÜTTER, of 22, Währingerstrasse, Vienna, IX, Engineer, do hereby declare the

page_text: nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In railways of considerable extent worked by electricity such as main lines
and inter-town lines, it has been found advisable in order to economize con-
ductor-copper to employ working currents of greater pressure than the ordinary
pressures at present in use which lie generally between the limits of 500-
600 volts. But considerations for the safety of the travelling public as also for
that of the electrically unskilled railway staff have hitherto been opposed to
the use of higher pressures with the use of any of the systems of current supply at
present in ordinary use. The hereinafter described arrangement of connections
and conductors allows of the possibility of employing higher working pres-
sures in railways of the kind above referred to, the arrangement being such
that the line conductor is fed, at all those places and parts of the track of the
railway which are accessible to the public and also to the unskilled staff, only
with current of low pressure (not more than 500 volts) whilst the line conductor
is fed with current of high pressure at all the other parts of the line where
free access and traffic is not allowed to the public. The saving in copper which
is effected in the high pressure supply lines by this arrangement, would be again
partly lost by reason of the copper which has to be employed for the purpose
of feeding the protected sections, if the dimensions of the said supply conduc-
tors were to be calculated from the same points of view as those obtaining with
the conductors supplying the open track. This would be the case more especially
when the pressure of the high pressure line conductor is not of any great
amount for example, 1000 volts. But as in most stations which are to be fed
with the current of low pressure only a working current of such pressure is
required which will enable the vehicles to start and to move on to the high
pressure line conductor, the pressure which would otherwise be lost in the
starting resistances can be placed as loss wholly or partly in the supply con-
ductor which consequently can be made correspondingly lighter. This of course
does not exclude the provision of starting resistances in the vehicles, because
such resistances may be employed in certain cases especially for starting on the
open track. Fig. 1 of the drawings accompanying our Provisional Specification
shows an arrangement of this kind. 1 is the rail line, 2 and 3 indicate the line con-
ductor. The line conductor 2 is fed with current of high pressure and the line con-
ductor 3 is fed with current of low pressure. The places marked 4 are stations
or level crossings which are provided with the line conductor 3 of low working
pressure. 5 and 6 are supply conductors, of which the conductor 5 carries the
current of high pressure whilst the conductor which is branched off here as
a middle conductor from two current generators 7 coupled together in series,
carries the current of low tension that supplies the protected sections.
track section insulators.
8 are
The current supply of such stations as are at a great distance from the
place of generation of the current may also be supplied with advantage by
means of their own current generators, accumulators, transformers, situated in
the station itself, and their capacity or pressure must only be made so great
as to be sufficient, on giving the necessary starting current, to start the motors
or to enable the cars to move on to the high pressure line conductor. The
carrying out of these arrangements will be seen from Figs. 1, 2 and 3. In the
arrangement shown in Fig. 1 the current generator 9 of a station is driven
by means of a motor 10 fed from the high pressure conductor, but it may also
be driven by an independent prime motor engine. Fig. 2 shows the connection
of an accumulator battery 11, and Fig. 3 shows the connection of a trans-
former 12 with the high pressure conductor. The local or temporary conditions
of traffic in the stations, such for example as are produced by a heavy shunting
service, may also in some cases necessitate a constant and somewhat higher
pressure than that which would be necessary for starting purposes alone. In
order to effect the passing of the vehicles from the line conductor fed with

page_text: low pressure current on to the high pressure line conductor without danger for
the motors, one or more resistances are inserted in that part of the high pres-
sure line conductor which immediately adjoins the low tension line conductor,
or the line conductor itself may be constructed as a resistance. The taking
of the current by the vehicles passing along the line, is thereby effected with
gradual increase of pressure with a constantly increasing speed of travel without
having to employ a resistance on the vehicle itself.
Instead of these resistances, accumulator cells may also be inserted so that
the high pressure line conductor which is split up into a number of parts
insulated from each other, is connected at the places of division by means of
one or more cells of a battery.
These cells of an accumulator battery inserted in the high pressure line con-
ductor may also be connected to or combined with a battery employed for
feeding the low pressure line conductor; and this mode of connection produces
a graduated change of pressure between the two line conductors. A battery
connected up in this manner allows the cars running into the stations (when
the motors are suitably connected) to be braked so as to give current to the
line conductor accumulators and thus to recover a part of the speed-energy of
the vehicle; and on starting the vehicles the loss in the starting resistances
is reduced to a very small amount by reason of the gradual increase of pressure.
Figs. 4 and 5 show the arrangements just described. 13 indicates the resistances
inserted in the line conductor. 8 indicates as before the insulators or places
of division in the line conductor. Fig. 5 shows the above described connection
of an accumulator battery 14 to the line conductor for the purpose of producing
a graduated change of pressure from the low pressure line conductor to the
high pressure line conductor.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. For an electric railway worked with high tension currents, arranging the
conductors and connections so that at those parts of the line, which are acces-
sible to the public the vehicles are supplied with current at a lower tension
than that supplied at the other parts of the line.
2. In an arrangement such as is above set forth, selecting a sectional area
for the conductors that feed the low tension parts of the line, such that the
fall in tension in the starting resistances on starting the motors takes place
wholly or partially in the supply conductors.
3. In an arrangement such as that set forth in Claim 1, supplying the low
tension conductors situated at a great distance from the generating station, by
generators, transformers or accumulators, weaker in respect of potential by the
whole or a part of the potential which is lost in the starting resistances employed
in starting the vehicles.
4. In an arrangement such as that set forth in Claim 1, making that portion
of the high tension conductor that adjoins the low tension conductor itself a
starting resistance, or with resistances or accumulators included in it, so as
to effect gradual change of tension and protection of the motors during the
passage of the vehicles, and also to recover by the accumulators current from
the energy of the running vehicles.
Dotad L 1
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicants.