matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW METHOD OF PRO- TECTING CHEQUES FROM FORGERY
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles O'Laughlin Lamb
Prendergast at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 22nd November 1872.
I, CHARLES O'LAUGHLIN LAMB PRENDERGAST, of Wokingham, in the
County of Berkshire, Captain in the Bengal Staff Corps, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF PRO-
TECTING CHEQUES FROM FORGERY,” to be as follows:-
I have an Invention for protecting cheques from forgery. It consists
of the usual kind of cheque, with the addition of a second counterfoil
on the right hand of the cheque.
The Invention consists in the banker retaining about half of the extra
counterfoil when selling his cheque book, while his client takes possession
of the rest of the cheque. The device of the second counterfoil it must
be understood admits of numerous and various designs. The paper too
upon which my cheques will be printed will be of such a texture as to
admit of rough and sliced edges when torn zig-zag. And on the second
counterfoil I propose to put a letter, which should be called the key
letter, and which should be endorsed on the cheque at the time of
drawing it.
AN IMPROVED LEVER APPARATUS FOR MOVING CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Chase at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th February 1872.
I, WILLIAM HENRY CHASE, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
LEVER APPARATUS FOR MOVING CARRIAGES AND TRUCKS ON RAILWAYS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to a simple but highly efficient and durable
apparatus designed as a substitute for the ordinary crowbar or pinch
bar for moving railway carriages, trucks, or waggons upon the rails in
and about stations or depôts.
The said apparatus may be applied either to the wheel or the end of
a carriage or waggon, and may be used between two carriages or under-
neath the same; it is equally advantageous on either a flat rail or a
Trail, it is self-adjusting to all irregularities of the rail, it will not slip
backward thercon under pressure, and it can be effectually used when
the rail is covered with grease, snow, or ice, when the ordinary pinch
bar is entirely useless.

page_text: The said apparatus when designed to act against the wheel of a
carriage is constructed with a lever jointed to a metal shoe which is
made to fit and rest upon the rail, and the said lever is provided with a
pointed steel piece to hold the shoe firmly on the rail when the pressure
is applied to the lever. The aforesaid shoe or rail plate is made flat to
rest fairly on the top of the rail and may be provided with side flanges
to keep it in place.
The lever may be formed with jaws to be pivotted to the aforesaid
pointed steel piece, which in this case is passed through a slot in the shoe
and is retained therein by a small pin extending through slots in the
sides of the said shoe. Or the lever may be a simple bar with holes in
it, and the shoe formed with jaws, between which the said lever is jointed
by means of a pin passed through the jaws and one of the holes in the
lever.
In this modification of my Invention I form flanges at one end of
the shoe and secure at the other end a small plate of steel or other
suitable metal with a triangular opening, which fits over the top of the
rail and holds the shoe in place thereon. The edges of this small plate
are made sharp to take a better hold on the rail.
The lever or bar of the apparatus is slightly curved to render it more
convenient. The shoe is provided with a spring on the under side to
raise it from the rail after each exertion of the lever. If desired the
shoe may have small rollers to facilitate its adjustment on the rail.
In the modification of the aforesaid apparatus wherein the bar is
designed to act against the end of the carriage instead of the wheel, the
rail plate is dispensed with and the lever jointed to a bar with a metal
shoe which rests between the rails and forms the fulcrum of the lever.
The said lever is in this case provided with a small hook whereby it is
held up to the end of the carriage.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Vine the elder, John
Vine the younger, John Brown, and James Arthur Skinner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
3rd July 1872.
We, JOHN VINE, the elder, JOHN VINE, the younger, JOHN BROWN,
and JAMES ARTHUR SKINNER, all of Eastbourne, in the County of
Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to fire-arms provided with series of barrels
which may be fired in succession, and they have for their object simplicity
and certainty in operation.
The charges in series, say ten in each, though the numbers in each of
such series may be varied relatively to other of the movements, are
placed in chambers one for each series, and these chambers are placed in
compartments formed around and parallel to the axis of a cylinder, which
is supported upon so as to be capable of turning with a vertical axis when
such axis has motion given to it. The movement to this axis is a step-
by-step one, so as to bring each compartment in succession over a passage
to receive and deliver each charge in succession into one of a series of

page_text: separate compartments in a feeding plate, which is also caused to revolve
for that purpose beneath the passage referred to.
Whilst one of the
compartments in this revolving feeding plate is brought under the passage
to receive a charge, another thereof is brought opposite the breech of a
barrel when one end of a lever operated by a tappet from the driving 5
axis acts on that charge to force. it into the barrel for the time opposite
to it. The opposite end of this lever in its return motion acts as a
spring hammer to force the needle into or otherwise fire the charge in
another barrel for the time opposite that end of that lever.
An excentric.or tappet on the main driving axis operates a lever or 1
driver to give the requisite step-by-step motion to the plate carrying the
series of barrels, and that plate, by toothed gear, gives corresponding
motion to the plate for the feeding of the charges; a spring stop released,
when desired, by the main driving axis holds the plate of barrels in
correct position. The cylinder of compartments is held in position by a 1
stop which is first released by one stud or projection from the feeding
plate when motion is required to be given to that cylinder, and then
another stud or projection affects the desired motion.
A clearer or extractor.for the removal of the spent cartridge is operated
by a stud or tappet from the main driving axis, acting in a curved slot 2
in a plate connected to such extractor.
Each chamber for the charges is provided with a movable lid at one
end, and this end is placed downward in the cylinder when the lid to the
chamber is removed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CASE FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS, FITTED WITH A MEMORANDUM PAPER OR ADVERTISEMENT SHEET
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Ernest Ragon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
20th April 1872.-A communication from abroad by Lambert
Alexandre, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ADOLPHE ERNEST RAGON, of Upper Westbourne Terrace, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CASE FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER
TICKETS, FITTED WITH A MEMORANDUM PAPER OR ADVERTISEMENT SHEET," a
communication to me from abroad by Lambert Alexandre, of Paris, in
the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the production of a case for con-
veniently holding railway or other tickets, and having a strip or strips
of paper for general memoranda, or for advertisements of hotels, shops,
places of amusement and public resort, and other matters or subjects,
which are or may be interesting or of service to travellers.
-
The means, by which I propose to carry out the said object of the
said Invention, are as follows: I form the case in three divisions,
consisting of a centre piece with a circular top projecting beyond the
other parts, and two side pieces or flaps, of nearly the same width as

page_text: the centre piece, which fold over the said centre piece, and thus inclose
or envelope the ticket or tickets and strip or strips of paper. The
centre piece, exclusive of the said projection, and the two side flaps are
each about two inches long and one inch broad, for ordinary railway
tickets, but they can be made to other dimensions and of other forms (
to suit tickets of different sizes and shapes. Lengthwise, along the
centre of the inside of each of the said side flaps, is an elastic band,
secured at each end to the flaps, of the requisite length to receive, and
hold the tickets. Or a pocket may be formed on each of the said
flaps to receive and partially contain the ticket so that they may
be easily and speedily drawn out. The strip or strips of paper, for
memoranda or advertisements, are pasted or otherwise attached to the
inside of the centre part of the case, and are folded or closed in the
same way as a lady's fan, thus dividing every strip into a number of
divisions or compartments, varying according to the length of the strip,
each of these divisions is intended to display two advertisements, one
on each side of the paper. When the improved case is closed it is
secured by an elastic band, either loose. or attached to the back of
the centre piece. An elastic loop is attached to the upper part of the
centre picce for the purpose of hanging the case on a button of the
traveller's dress, or otherwise securing it in a convenient place for
instant production when required.
The improved case may be made of leather, cloth, paper, wood, ivory,
or other suitable material, or of different materials.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGIS- TERING. THE ISSUE OF TICKETS IN PUBLIC CONVEYANCES AND ELSEWHERE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sylvanus Partridge Longman
and Edwin Charles Alderman at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th May 1872.
We, SYLVANUS PARTRIDGE LONGMAN and EDWIN CHARLES ALDER-
MAN, both of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REGIS-
TERING. THE ISSUE OF TICKETS IN PUBLIC CONVEYANCES AND ELSEWHERE," to be
as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improved apparatus for registering and
controlling the issue of tickets to passengers by tramway carriages and
other public conveyances for the prevention of fraud.
The apparatus consists of a casing in which a continuous strip of
tickets is coiled on a drum. The end of this strip is passed between
a pair of rollers operated by a winch handle by which the strip is
unwound and drawn out as required. These rollers are of equal
diameter and geared together, and the periphery of one is covered with
a soft material such as india-rubber, and the other has a roughened or

page_text: .
milled surface to prevent the ticket being drawn through without
turning the rollers. One of said rollers is geared or connected with a
series of number wheels similar to those of an ordinary numbering or
paging machine or with a train of discs bearing numbers on their faces.
These numbers may be inspected through an opening in the case which
be closed by a shutter and locked to prevent the number being
visible to any but the proper inspector.
may
The strip may or may not be perforated to divide the tickets, but in
either case one ticket is drawn out by each revolution of the rollers, and
a row of points or teeth may be provided at the opening in the casing
for perforating the strip at the place where each ticket is to be detached
as it is drawn out.
To indicate fraudulent reissue of tickets a crayon or other marker is
fitted in a spring holder within the case to mark the strip as it is drawn
out, which crayon may be changed for one of a different color or having
some other distinguishing feature at the next journey.
.
Several similar apparatus may be provided for each vehicle, each
supplied with tickets of a certain value and provided with a bell sounded
at each revolution of the rollers to indicate the value of the ticket
issued.
This apparatus is also applicable for use in other cases for the
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Gibson and James
Gibson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th March 1872.
We, SAMUEL GIBSON and JAMES GIBSON, both of Hebden-bridge,
in the Parish of Halifax, in the County of York, Sewing Machine
Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to improved slides or cover plates for
the shuttles of such machines; and, secondly, to improved mechanism
for actuating the shuttle carrier.
Heretofore the shuttle after being deposited on the shuttle carrier
has been covered or enclosed by a sliding plate dovetailed or grooved
in the bed or work plate of the machine, but it is found that plates
so applied are liable to be displaced by the "work" or the material
being stitched or operated upon while being drawn along or over the
plate, and the shuttle is also liable to injury or breakage. To remedy
which we construct such plates with a hinge or hinges thereon, and on
the under side of the plate is formed a projection, the latter serving as

page_text: a part of the shuttle race or course.
The shuttle carrier we actuate
by means of a crank formed on the prime moving or first motion shaft
of the machine, to which is connected a link or rod extending to
the shuttle carrier shaft, and thus the necessary partial rotation of such
shaft, and the oscillatory or rocking motion of the shuttle carrier, is
effected without the aid of gear wheels as heretofore used. Also we
support the said carrier shaft in adjustable centre points or bearings to
diminish friction and to be capable of ready adjustment.
AN IMPROVED HYDRAULIC BETON
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacques Drevet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1872.
I, JACQUES DREVET, of Paris, Rue Montaigne, No. 9, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
HYDRAULIC BETON," to be as follows:-
The hydraulic beton which I have combined, and which I name
"bèton Français," is composed of three essential agents, first, sand,
the preference being given to sea or river sand, silex, earth, or river
mud; secondly, marine salt; and, thirdly, hydraulic cement.
The beton is prepared in the following manner:-For example,
6.615 lbs. avoirdupois of marine salt is dissolved in 5.28 pints of
ordinary water, and this solution is thrown into 352 pints of also
ordinary water. With the saline solution thus diluted either the sand,
the silex, the earth, or the river sand is thoroughly wetted and allowed
to macerate for three hours at least in order that the sand or analogous
matter shall be fully impregnated with salt water, and that the com-
bination should work well. If the hydraulic beton is prepared near the
sea the 352 pints of common water prepared as before described are

page_text: replaced by 88 pints of sea water. I now take four parts of the sand
thus prepared with salt or sea water and one part of any kind of
hydraulic cement, and the four parts of sand are powdered with the one
part of cement, and then all is to be well mixed together. In this state
the beton can be immediately used for forming blocks, stopping leaks,
or for other purposes according to the requirements of the work. The
beton thus prepared should be used in the space of thirty-four or thirty-
six minutes at most, for the beton begins to set about thirty-eight or
forty minutes from the commencement of mixing.
To unite, for example, a block of this beton at the bottom of the
water I take some hydraulic lime, which is moistened with drying oil
to form it into a paste, and plaster with the paste the joint which is to
be united, and then the block is allowed to descend to rest upon the
bed of beton or stone plastered with the hydraulic paste, and the joining
is unalterable.
In the composition of this beton the reaction of the salt absorbs the
water of crystallization from the sand and the intimate attraction which
results in connection with the hydraulic cement gives to the mixture a
metallic hardness without malleability, and this beton is applicable to
hydraulic works and architectural buildings.
The mixture intended for the beton can be colored as required by
means of mineral colors suited to the work for which it is used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN • STEAM ENGINES,' AND IN GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1872

page_text: <
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bavin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th March 1872.
I, "JAMES BAVIN," of 117, Lambeth Walk, Lambeth, in the County
of "Surrey," Electric Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN • STEAM ENGINES,' AND IN
GENERATING STEAM,'" to be as follows:-
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"
"
The employment of vessels of " iron " or other metal termed
generators," placed in close proximity to the "cylinder" of the
engine," into which is injected by means of a "pump" or pumps
or other suitable contrivance, a sufficient quantity of "water" to produce
"steam" for each upward or downward movement of the "piston," the
under side of the so-called "generators" being kept at a proper heat by
'gas" burners constructed upon "Professor Bunsen's" principle.
66
There are two separate "generators" or "sets" of "generators," one
"generator” or set of "generators" being used for the "up" stroke,
the other "generator" or set of
"down" stroke of the "piston."
$6
generators" being used for the
""
The "steam produced by this

page_text: "
2
method is of a much more efficient nature than " steam generated
in the usual way, by the application of heat to an enclosed vessel con-
taining "water," and being applied so directly" to the " " cylinder "
it loses only a very small per-centage of its power. By generating and
applying "steam" in this way an engine" of simple construction of
great power, occupying much less room, is obtained.
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There being no "boiler or "store of "steam," no " explosion" can
take place, the "steam" only being formed the moment before it is
required, and then only in such quantity as shall be sufficient to move
the "piston " from the bottom to the top of the "cylinder," or vice
versa.
In "engines" of considerable dimensions absolute safety is secured by
connecting several "generators" (as many as may be requisite accord-
ing to the size of the engine), small in comparison to the size of the
"cylinder," together.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FLATTENING OR SHAPING WIRE TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS AND REED WIRES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Fleming and Joseph
Milner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th November 1872.
We, FRANCIS FLEMING, of Halifax, in the County of York, Card
Manufacturer, and JOSEPH MILNER, of Halifax, aforesaid, Card Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FLATTENING OR SHAPING WIRE TO BE USED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE CARDS AND REED WIRES FOR LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
:-
.
This Invention relates to the construction and employment of an
apparatus for the purpose of flattening or shaping to various sectional
forms the wire to be employed in the manufacture of wire cards for
carding wool, cotton, and other fibres, and for the reed wires of looms
for weaving, and consists in the employment of a pair of pulleys
mounted (by preference) in the horizontal position on studs, one of the
studs being fixed to the framework of the apparatus, the other stud
being attached to a block working within grooved or V beds by means
of an adjusting screw, so that the moveable block and pulley may he

page_text: adjusted relatively to the other pulley with great nicety, and so
determine the degree of compression the wire shall undergo, and its
finished size and shape on being drawn through or between the pulleys;
a catch wheel and catch secure the wheel screw and block from moving
after being "set," and there is, as will be seen, no gearing required to
be used in connection with this apparatus. The frictional contact of the
wire on the pulleys is sufficient to impart thereto the necessary rotation,
and to reduce friction to a minimum. Or in lieu of the block for carrying
the adjustable pulley, the pulley may be mounted on a lever one end
of which is secured to the frame by a pin or stud forming a fulcrum.
The lever and moveable pulley may be set or adjusted relative to the
pulley on the fixed stud as above.
When forming angle wire, the peripheries of the pulleys are adjusted
or set to an angle, and an additional pulley will be introduced between
the two pressure pulley so as to prevent the wire slipping out when
undergoing the operation of being shaped.
Grooves may be formed in the peripheries of the pulleys of the form
the wire is required to take.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS AND STAMPERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Husband at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd.
August 1872.
I, WILLIAM HUSBAND, of Hayle, in the County of Cornwall, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM HAMMERS AND STAMPERS," to be as follows:-
'
My Invention relates to the construction and working of steam
hammers and stampers in such a manner that the steam presser is made
to act on the upper side of the piston, so as to cause its descent for
striking the blow, and the ascent of the piston is effected by the pressure
of the atmosphere on its under side, a partial vacuum being formed in
the cylinder above it. For this purpose I provide at the upper end of
the cylinder a suitable cock, valve, or slide, the jacket of which I
connect by a pipe with the boiler or steam generator, and the discharge
port of which I connect with a condenser, in which a partial vacuum
is maintained by the condensation of steam and an air pump. When
the cock, valve, or slide is moved to one position steam flows into the
cylinder above the piston and propels it downwards. When the cock,
valve, or slide is moved to another position the steam flows from the

page_text: cylinder to the condenser, and a partial vacuum being thus produced in
the cylinder above the piston the atmospheric pressure cause the piston
to ascend. For such a hammer or stamper a plunger may be employed
instead of a piston, or when a piston is employed openings are made
in or near the lower cover of the cylinder for free passage of air into
and out from the space in the cylinder below the piston. The condenser
may be made either to work with injection, or it may be a surface con-
denser of any known kind, and its air pump as well as the feed pump of
the boiler may be worked by an auxiliary engine; or in cases where a
condensing engine exists, the discharge pipe of the hammer or stamper
may be connected directly to the condenser of the engine. Also it may be
readily understood that several hammers or stampers may be worked as
above described from one boiler and with one condenser common to
them all.
By working a.steam hammer or stamper in this manner considerable
economy of steam can be secured, for in the first place the cock, slide, or
valve can be placed close to the the inlet port of the cylinder, so that the
steam space between it and the cylinder may be reduced to a minimum ;
and, secondly, as the length of stroke of the piston varies, particularly
in stampers, no more steam is admitted to the cylinder than is sufficient
to fill the space therein determined by the descent of the piston, whereas
when steam is employed in the ordinary way to raise the piston, the
whole space under it, however it may vary, has to be filled with steam
for every stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF HYDRAULIC ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oldroyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1872.
I, JOHN OLDROYD, of Leeds, in the County of York, General Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF HYDRAULIC ENGINES," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
working of hydraulic engines, wherein an intermittent or reciprocating
motion and variable speed are required, applicable for various useful
purposes such as working the bellows of organs, harmoniums, or for
other similar uses, and the Invention consists mainly in the construction
and use of an improved equilibrium slide valve and a rocking lever to
operate or aid in working the same, the object being to prevent any lock
or dead point, to increase the motive power, and to render the working
more certain and regular and free from noise.
The valve is constructed of two (or more) parts, one covering the port
holes of the cylinder, and the other acting as a bonnet to the same, they
are made water-tight to each other by micans of india-rubber or other

page_text: packing, and work simultaneously together, the one on the face of tho
port holes, and the other on the face of the chest cover.
A rocking spindle placed at right angles to the piston rod has a short
arm fixed to it, one end of which is connected to the valve spindle. It
has also attached to it a rocking lever constructed so as to oscillato on
the spindle as well as turn with it.
1
Running parallel to the main piston is a rod provided with tivo
adjustable strikers or pushers; by the movement of the piston one of
them is caused to strike the lower end of the rocking lever and to carry
it upon the rocking spindle as a centre beyond its line of contres, when
it, by the aid or gravity of a weight at its top, continues its forward
motion to a certain point, when it carries the spindle with it, thereby
causing a movement of the short arm, which latter by means of the
valve spindle moves the valve so as to fully open one of the ports (and
close the other) & admit the water to one end of the cylinder, and on
the return stroke of the piston the other pusher actuates and drives tho
lover the other way and a similar action takes place, the water being
admitted to the contrary end of the cylinder.
The object of the valve is to reduce the weight and the length of the
lever to a minimum; the lower and square part of it is similar to that of
an ordinary slide valve, and is made in one casting with the upper and
cylindrical part, which is turned so as to give an equal area to the square
part, and grooved in its circumference to receive a packing, and bored
down its centre to receive a spiral spring which retains the component
parts thereof in their respective positions. The bonnet is fitted over the
whole & held up (by a slight compression of the spring) tight against
the chest cover, its upper face being reduced to the same area as that of
the cylindrical part of the valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Railton Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th November 1872.
I, JOHN RAILTON WILLIAMS, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CEMENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a compound cement to be used in contact
with iron, whereby the said iron is preserved and a firmer adhesion is
attained. For this purpose I take Roman, Portland, or other cement
of that character, or plaster of Paris, and mix with it a finely divided
zinc, and the mixture is then used in any ordinary manner. A small
quantity of mercury, stirred with the zinc, improves the result. The
proportions of the materials may be varied, but I have found to answer
the purpose one ounce of zinc to one pound of Roman cement.
Year: 1872

page_text: c
warp
""
has been used. Now an important feature of this Invention is
that I employed no binder warp, and form the fabric entirely by means
of the terry warp or warps working together with the weft and the
india-rubber threads.
In the production of a half terry fabric I employ two terry warp
threads for each india-rubber thread, and I use one shuttle which passes
at one shoot over the india-rubber threads, and returns at the next shoot
beneath them. The terry warp threads always pass over the front shoot
of the weft and alternately over and under the back shoot, so that on
the face of the fabric the terry warp is floated over three shoots, and
then tied in by one shoot. When the fabric comes out of the loom the
contraction of the india-rubber throws up into terry loops the portions
of the warp which are thus floated.
When the back as well as the face is to be terry, I employ a back
terry warp; it is worked in a similar manner to the front warp, being
floated for three shoots and tied in by one shoot. This warp passes
beneath all the front shoots of the weft, and is tied by each alternate
back shoot.
By the arrangements above described the weaving of these fabrics is
rendered simpler and cheaper, fewer warp threads being employed in
each dent of the reed, namely (including the india-rubber), three for the
half terry, and five for the full terry. In consequence of this simplicity
and of the improved way in which the front terry warps are tied, I am
able to use a very stiff yarn, known as Genappe, to form the front terry
warp, and so I produce a fabric of great durability. The terry warps,
especially at the back of the fabric, may if desired be floated over more
than three shoots, and sometimes in order to obtain a richer pile face I
employ four warp threads to each india-rubber thread in place of two
only.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL COMBINATION CONSTITUTING IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER MACHINERY
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Poggi at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1872. A communication from abroad by Jean Solari, of Geneva,
Switzerland.
I, PAUL POGGI, of College Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MECHANICAL COMBINATION CONSTITUTING IMPROVED MOTIVE-POWER MACHINERY,"
a communication from abroad by Jean Solari, of Geneva, Switzerland, to
be as follows :-
This Invention consists of the following improved mechanical com-
bination in the construction of motive-power machinery.
The accompanying Drawing represents several views of a motive-
power machine to be constructed according to this Invention.
Figure 1 is a front view of the machine, and Figure 2 is a top plan
view of Figure 1. A represents a clockwork movement for imparting
and keeping up continuous motion of the pendulum B through the
medium of the rocking lever C, and lever balance D. a, a, are springs
for keeping the clockwork going; 6 is a small weight to counter-

page_text: balance the weight of the lever C; E and F are grooved pullies. To
F is fixed the pendulum B, over this pulley F a cord is passed fixed at
the point c, and extending over the pulley E with a weight G attached
to its lower end, on the back of the pulley E there is a ratchet
(shewn at d, Figure 2), and at the back of this ratchet is a toothed
wheel that works into a smaller toothed wheel e which is fixed to the
shaft of the fly wheel H. f. f, are two small cylindrical shaped picces
of metal fixed to the rocking lever O; the pieces of are provided with a
piece of cork on the inner side of each to break the shock on the
pendulum; I is a curved piece of metal (shewn drawn enlarged at
Figures 4 and 5), this piece I is fixed to the stem of the pendulum
and there is a slot X made in the piece I, as at Figure 5, through this
slot the lever C is passed, and the two cylindrical shaped pieces of metal
with the cork on their ends are placed on either side of the slot. The
effect of this arrangement is to impart vibratory motion to the pendulum
B, and cause rotation of the driving pulley K, from which the motive
power thus obtained may be transmitted as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED ON OMNIBUSES AND PUBLIC VEHICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Crompton Ashlin and
Charles James Clover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 27th July 1872.
We, HENRY CROMPTON ASHLIN and CHARLES JAMES CLOVer, both
of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Consulting Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS CARRIED ON OMNIBUSES
AND PUBLIC VEHICLES," to be as follows :--
The chief object of our said Invention is to provide simple and efficient
means for protecting automatic registering apparatus of the kind acted
upon by the weight of the passenger getting in and out of the omnibus
or other public vehicle from being tampered with.
In carrying our Invention into practice, under one modification, we
attach to omnibuses or other public vehicles a double step; the box
formed by the bottom and sides of the lower step and front and top of
the higher step is divided by a partition into two parts, upper and lower;
the lower part or division contains a number registering apparatus of
any ordinary kind; in the upper division directly over the registering

page_text: apparatus is placed a spiral spring, one end of which abuts against the
partition, the other against a cap from which a rod passes down through
the centre of the said spring into the lower division to actuate the
registering apparatus; the front part of the top of the higher step is
formed in two pieces hinged one to each side, and the free ends are
supported by the cap over the spring; over the cap is a tread step
or block of such size as only allows one person to stand thereon at the
same time.
To prevent passengers from treading anywhere except on the tread
step or block, as well as to prevent the mechanism from being tampered
with a piece of leather or other flexible material is led from the front of
the upper step underneath the tread step or block, and thence in a curve
to the top, back, and sides of the said step.
The action of the mechanism is as follows:-When a person enters an
omnibus or other public vehicle to which our apparatus is attached, the
tread step or block is first depressed and carries with it the loose top
and cap to which is attached the rod, which communicates motion to
the registering apparatus and then left free to be. raised by the resilience
of the spring, the loose top and cap with rod rising with it; thus for one
passenger carried on an omnibus or other public vehicle the registering
apparatus is twice acted upon by the rod. The registering apparatus
may be arranged, if desired, to register one number for every two
impulses received.
Under another modification a single step is used with the leather
or flexible, material fitted, as above mentioned, under the tread step.
The movement of the tread step is conveyed directly or indirectly in a
closed space underneath to number registering apparatus of any ordinary
kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPARATUS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1872. A communication from abroad by Joseph James
Walton, of Newark, New Jersey, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE EXTINGUISHING
APPARATUS," a communication, to be as follows:-
This apparatus is for extinguishing fires by a jet of carbonic acid gas
commingled with water.
A solution of soda is placed in a vessel and an agitator provided for
commingling the alkali previous to use. At the side of the vessel con-
taining the soda is a second vessel for the acid; these two vessels are
connected together and to a generating chamber that extends across
above them; cocks are provided between these vessels and screw plugs
to permit the introduction of the respective liquids.
In their inactive condition the respective liquids remain in the vessels
helow the cocks and nlues When the annaratus is to be used the

page_text: same is inverted and the liquids run into the generating chamber in
the regulated proportion determined by the cocks. In the generating
chamber is a pipe conveying the acid to the cock through which the
alkali runs, so that they mix intimately, and carbonic acid gas is
liberated and is ejected through a strainer into a hose employed for
direeting the same upon the fire for extinguishing it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACKETS AND STOPS FOR LADDERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Dubbin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1872.
I, DAVID DUBBIN, of Albion Villa, College Park, Lewisham, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACKETS AND STOPS FOR LADDERS," to be as follows:-
In making brackets for ladders I take a frame of iron or other
suitable material, the upper portion of which runs up parallel to the
under side or that side nearest the wall of the ladder, and is bent over
at the end so as to form a hook or stay which rests upon one of the rungs
or bars of the ladder. The lower portion of the said frame is so made
or bent that the upper portion of it forms a horizontal platform whereon
the board or scaffolding used for working upon rests or is fastened,
whilst another portion of the said frame, which is furnished also with
a hook or stay, runs down parallel to the rungs or bars of the ladder on
the outer side or that side furthest from the wall, the whole of this
portion of the frame being by preference made or bent in the form of a
scalene triangle with its most obtuse angle downwards. On that por-
tion of the frame forming the platform two points or projections may be

page_text: placed which fit into two holes in the board used for working upon and
serve to keep it in position.
I also employ a curved or straight bar or rod of iron or other material
which works on a pin on that portion of the frame forming the platform.
The end of the said bar or rod rests against the wall of the building and
serves to steady and keep the ladder in position.
In making stops for ladders I take two bars of iron or other suitable
material united by a tie piece. One end of each bar is bent or cast
downwards so as to grasp the board on which the ladder rests, whilst the
other side is bent or cast upwards and has a flange which serves to keep
the ladder in position and prevents it from shifting.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CLEANSING COTTON WASTE AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES SATURATED WITH OILS AND MIXED WITH DEBRIS AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by John
Henry Post, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and
Mills, of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CLEANSING COTTON WASTE AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
SATURATED WITH OILS AND MIXED WITH DEBRIS AND OTHER MATTERS," a com-
munication to me from abroad by John Henry Post, of the City, County,
and State of New York, in the United States of America, to be as
follows:-
The nature of the Invention consists in certain properties possessed by
a hot solution of silicate of potash or soda to displace oil from fibres by
destroying the capillary attraction therefor, and substituting itself or
themselves instead thereof; also by increasing the density of the water
in which the said fibres are suspended, and causing the oils to rise to the

page_text: surface of the silicate of potash or soda solution by reason of their lesser
specific gravity.
To-enable others to make use of the Invention, I will proceed to describe
its practical application.
The only apparatus required for this process consists of a series of
kettles and a washing machine and drying apparatus. The waste to be
cleaned is placed in one of the kettles with the aqueous solution of
silicate of potash or soda of any desired density, which solution is made
to boil for a sufficient length of time to disengage all the oils from the
fibre, then the temperature is allowed to subside to discontinue the
mechanical action of the boiling. The oils rise to the surface from
whence they may be skimmed off. The waste or fibrous matter is now
to be pressed nearly dry, and then transferred to the next kettle which
contains a small quantity of soap in water, and boiled as long as the
operator deems necessary, and from thence to a washing or agitating
machine, and then to the next kettle, which contains pure water, in
which it is to be boiled as long as the requirements of the process
indicate. The waste or fibrous matter is now to be pressed and transferred
to the drying apparatus, and when sufficiently dry is ready for re-use or
the market.
The silicate of potash or soda solution is allowed to repose long
enough to permit the fragments of coal, rock, sand, or other matter to
subside, and the clear solution is then to be decanted or drawn off
to allow an opportunity of cleansing the kettle, to which it is to be
returned subsequent to cleansing said kettle, when and where it is
ready for use in cleansing new quantities of waste or fibrous matter
again.
The advantages of this Invention are that it provides an economical
method of removing oils, gums, and resins from fibrous substances
without destruction to the fibre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON SHIPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rosetta Strachan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 21st
September 1872.-A communication from abroad by Alexander
William Gibson, of Calcutta.
I, ROSETTA STRACHAN, of Campfield Lodge, Walterton Road, St.
Peter's Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF IRON
SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing iron ships with plates grooved
on their outer surfaces.
The object in having grooved iron plates is to prevent shells from
fastening on to the plate; this they will not be able to do on the
grooved plates, as only a very small part of the shell can rest on the edges
of the grooves, there will be no power of suction, and the pressure of
water passing through the grooves (which will run parallel the whole
length of the ship) will force the shell off before it can even secure a
slight hold. It is almost entirely on the shells that adhere to the
present smooth surfaced plates that grass, weed, and other substances
collect that so much impede ironclads and iron merchant ships.

page_text: Applied to ironclads it is obvious that but a very slight increase in the
weight of armour would be necessary.
The water would have a far greater hold on a ship having the grooved
plate and thereby the steering power would be greatly improved which
is a most essential point.
Rolling would in a measure be diminished by the resistance the
grooves would offer. If the plates be grooved thus www there would
be no part of the groove into which a shell might get where there would
not be a space under the shell, that is to say, there would be no flat.
surface inside the groove, but this I do not consider very material as the 1
shells are of such size as a rule that they would not get into the groove,
but just rest on the top edges.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO TOBACCO PIPES AND CIGAR TUBES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Prince at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1872.-A communication from abroad by Gustav Bauer and
Francis Hiess, both of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
I, ALEXANDER PRINCE, of the Office for Patents, No. 4, Trafalgar
Square, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO TOBACCO
PIPES AND CIGAR TUBES," a communication to me from abroad by Gustav
Bauer and Francis Hiess, both of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, to
be as follows :—
This Invention relates to certain improvements applicable to tobacco
pipes and cigar tubes, the object being to avoid the obstruction of the
tubes from the residue or ash, to prevent the collection or accumulation
of tobacco juice, and the consequent irritation to the mouth of the
smoker.
A small piece of meerschaum, gypsum, or other similar material, or
metal, gilt, or enamelled, having a perforation in the centre, and being
protected or surrounded by a metallic ring is applied to the tube or duct
of the pipe or holder, the ring holding it in position and serving to retard
the passage of oil or residue. A plute or disc with a short conical tube

page_text: thereon serves as a suitable vent protected by a little eyelet of metal,
which on one side has an elevated border, above which and covering it
a protecting cover is secured; this is made in divisions and shaped like
a calyx of a flower, and connected with a small cap or socket piece by
means of a stem passing through an aperture in the cover and socket.
Consequently the covers protect the apertures in the plate and tube
against obstruction, and at the same time give an easy way for the
smoke to escape through the spaces formed by the calyx, thus always
securing a passage for the smoke and obstructing the flow of oil or the
accumulation of ash in the tube, because the smoke first strikes on the
first cover, where it is cooled; the humidity being condensed the smoke
then traverses the tubular passage to the mouth piece.
The internal stem and covers may be removed at will to cleanse the
tube, the lower cap or cover serving to steady the internal stem in
conjunction with the flower-shaped cap or calyx.
t
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE GRATES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Corry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th October
1872.
I, JOHN CORRY, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Com-
mission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE GRATES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of fire grates so as to
effect the more complete,combustion of fuel, and also to economize the
same.
In constructing fire grates according to this my Invention, instead of
the bottom grate being horizontal or at about a right angle to the fire-
bars, I construct the bottom grate horizontal for only a portion of its
width, and then continue the bars at an angle upwards and to the fire-
back; I thus secure an angular space at the back of and under the fire
which admits a plentiful supply of air to the fire. The small ashes pass
through the incline grate and so the fire is kept bright and clear, its
bulk is decreased but the vertical area of the fire is not lessened, nor is

page_text: the horizontal area or top heating surface of the fire made smaller. Or
in lieu of the bottom grate constructed as above described, separato
inclined grates may be introduced to the ordinary grates, and the
Invention is equally applicable to the grates of furnaces of steam
boilers.