Improvements in or relating to Engine Governors.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th June. 1894-Accepted, 19th June, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Engine Governors.
I HERBERT JOHN HADDAN of the Firm of Herbert Haddan & Co. of
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C. London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, a communication to me from abroad by the Firm of
Piguet and Company of 25 Rue de St. Cyr Lyons in the Republic of France,
Engineers and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to engine governors and more particularly to the means
for transferring the movement of the muff of the ordinary static or centrifugal
governor to that part of the engine, of whatever nature such part may be, which
controls the speed of the engine.
In the annexed drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section and Fig. 2 is a plan also partly in section
of the improved mechanism. Fig. 3 is a vertical section illustrating a modification
thereof.
Fig. 4 is a detail view in plan of part of Fig. 3 but applicable also as a detail
view of parts of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation, Fig. 6 a cross section thereof on line 6 6 and Fig. 7
a horizontal section thereof on line 7. 7. showing a further modification.
Reference being made to Figs. 1 and 2 the governor proper is of the ordinary
kind and comprises the two lever arms carrying at their ends the centrifugal
balls 99 and connected by rods jj respectively to the muff which encloses a spiral
spring the tension of which is adjusted by means of the set nut r.. On the spindle
of the governor is keyed the wheel which may be set by any convenient means
upon the spindle to have rolling contact with the flat side face of the disk mat a
greater or less distance from the rotary centre of the said disk, thus providing
means for adjustment of the speed of the governor. The disk m is carried by a
rotary shaft I which is provided at the other end with a bevelled toothed wheel E
which meshes with the two bevelled toothed wheels C. D. These two latter
wheels C and D revolve loosely upon a fixed sleeve A which is carried by and
forms part with the two curved arms A' A' by which is supported and which is
extended cylindrically upwards and downwards to carry the said wheels C. D
respectively together with the clutches hereinafter referred to or parts of the
clutches. The sleeve A. is bored out cylindrically along its length for the passage
of the shaft B carried in bearings B' B B' as shown in Fig. 1, but the axis of the
said shaft B does not coincide with the axis of the external cylindrical surfaces of
the sleeve A on which the wheels CD revolve, consequently the shaft B is not
concentric with the said wheels but its axis is parallel to the axis of wheels C D.
The shaft B carries two ratchet wheels Hadjacent respectively to the outer or
more remote faces of the wheels C D, and upon pins G attached to the wheels CD
rock pawls FF (Fig. 4) adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheels H
respectively. Between the ratchet wheels and the wheels C and D respectively
there are fixed on the ends of sleeve A two cams K and the pawls F Fare of such
width that their ends ride also on the edge of the cam K which is so formed as to
throw each pawl out of engagement with the ratchet wheel once during each
revolution. The pawls F are caused to engage the ratchet wheels H either by
centrifugal force by enlargement of the tails of said pawls as shown on the left of
Fig. 4 or by spring pressure from spring F' as shown on the right of said
fioure

page_text: To hold the pawls from engagement the following construction is provided: On
the elongated hubs of the wheels CD are provided sliding collars M which at
their ends next to the webs of the wheels CD are spread out to form flanges La
and at their ends more reindte from the wheels are provided eich with a groove (or
with two flanges forming between them a groove) for reception of a fork connected
by lever gear with the governor. The flange L has two holes in which two
bolts respectively slide. These bolts are parallel with the shaft. B and are suffi-
cient length to extend also through holes in the web of wheel C or D and also to
project beyond the web into the path of the pawis For of their tails. The ends of
bolts at the back of flange Lare enlarged to form heads on which press the
springs connected to the flange 1. When the flange L. is pressed towards the
web of the wheel C or D the springs L' tend to protrude the bolts J and as each
pawl is brought out of gear the respective bult will be protruded by its spring so
as to lock the pawl from re-engagement. When the sleeve I moves from the web
of the wheel the bolts are withdrawn sufficiently to free the pawls F.
The fork M engages with both collars M M and is connected by rod d to the
lever & which has its fulcrum at the end of the rod and engages the muff of the
governor so as to move with the rise and fall thereof. The rod e is suspended
from the lever a near the folcrum thereof and the lever a engages with a out e
upon the screw threaded upper end of the shaft B. The lever moreover engages
in any suitable way with a slot in the rod by which the engine is controlled
and the lever a alsó engages the said rod, by means of a screw threaded socket
or nut al for purposes of adjustment, whereby movement given to the lever a by
the rotation of shaft. B is transferred to the rod.
In the construction above described and shown more particularly in Figs. 1 and 2
power is applied from the engine by belt to the periphery of disk or pulley m, the
rate of rotation of which will thus be proportional to the speed of the engine. So
long as this speed is normal, the muff, the lever b, the rod the fork M', the
collars M and the bolts J maintain an intermediate and normal position and in this
position both sets of pawls Fare held disengaged by the holts J consequently the
wheels C, D, which continually revolve have neither of them any influence to
revolve the shaft B which therefore remains at rest and holds the lever a also in a
normal and intermediate position. If however a change of speed should occur, the
muff&rises or falls, the verb participates in the movement and the collars M fall
or rise thus drawing back the upper or lower set of bolts J and suffering the pawis
to engage the ratchet wheel H thus clutching either the wheel C or the wheel D
to the shaft B and causing the latter to revolve in the one or other direction. The
revolution of the shaft B causes the nut e to mave up or down thereon and the
lever a participating in this movement moves the rod accordingly. This move-
ment continues until equilibrium is restored and the speed becomes normal, the
withdrawn bolts are now pressed by their springs inwards and as each pawl is
thrown out of gear by the cam K the corresponding bult is enabled to shoot in and
prevent the pawl from returning to engagement, again.
The construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 may be so far varied that it is the
shaft B which is set in continuous motion and connection with the governor spindle,
while the shaft carries the screw thread to operate the mut e. The ratchet wheels
would then continuously revolve while the wheels C, D with their pawls and collars
would remain at rest until the speed varied from the normal.
The construction shown in Figs. 3 and 4 and principally as regards Fig. 3 shows
a variation of the before described construction in which the ratchet wheeld Hare
integral severally with the bevelled wheels C and D and upon the adjacent sides of
the said wheels, while the pawls Fare carried by a sleeve surrounding the
shaft and keyed thereto. The stationary core A is divided into two parts
separated from each other by the interval necessary for location of the sleeve
these two parts of the core or sleeve A are carried respectively by the arms A"A"
(Fig. 3). The cams K are in this construction at the inner or adjacent ends of
the two parts of sleeve A. On the neck of the sleeve slides the collar M,
;

page_text: the same collar having two flanges L with their holts J and springs L' and
consequently acting as an equivalent of the two collars M before described in
relation to Figs. 1 and 2. The action of this mechanism is the same as that of
the mechanism previously described and it may be used with the power applied to
either of the shafts B or I as previously described.
In the above constructions it will be noted that owing to the shape of the cams K
combined with the excentricity of the shaft Beach of the pawls during half a
revolution is in gear with the ratchet wheel while the other pawl is brought out of
gear and during the next half revolution is brought out of gear while the other
pawl resumes its engagement; the engagement of the one or other pawl is therefore
continuous until the bolts J enter into operation with the pawls, when the one pawl
is held out of engagement during a half revolution or part thereof and the other
pawl during the next half revolution. The minimum of action is therefore half a
revolution.
In the construction shown in Figs. 5. 6 and 7 other means are used for operating
the automatic disengagement of the clutches which answer the purpose of the pawls
and ratchet wheels of the previous constrictions. In this modification the genr
hereinafter described takes the place of the cams K and the excentric position of
the shaft B with regard to the gear wheels C and D. The gear wheels C and D
are loose upon the shaft B but revolve directly thereon, the sleeve A being
omitted. These wheels have clutch teeth f engaging with the clutch teeth/3
of a sliding clutch block F when the latter is moved along the shaft B towards the
one or other of said wheels for the purpose of temporarily clutching either wheel
to the shaft B. The teeth of the clutch block F are elastically supported upon
the spring.
The sector G having at its periphery two ratchet teeth 'g' inclined in contrary
directions and spaced at a suitable distance apart, and beyond said teeth g' g' two
other teeth respectively, is pivoted at its centre and connected with any
moving part of the engine so as to oscillate continually in its plane. The teeth h¹¹
are directed in the same way as the teeth 'g' near them, but extend to a greater
radius than the said teeth gg. The distance from point to point of cogs gl
and is equal to half the amplitude of oscillation of the sector.
On the same
centre as the sector G is an arin I the outer end of which serves as a bearing for
a shaft to one end of which is fixed a double ended pawl E' lying in front of the
periphery of the sector G'. The shaft serves also as a wrist pin for the rod M
which connects it to the fork N which controls the position of the clutch F. On
the end of the shaft 1 is fixed an arm K which is connected by rod L' to the
muff of the governor so as to rise and fall with the latter. This construction could
be varied by placing the teeth ghgh on the pawl II' and the sector G being
provided with two teeth only.
In this construction equally with the others it is immaterial which of the shafts B
or is revolved continuously, in either case a riso or fall of the governor arms
causes a corresponding movement of the rod L' and arm K' which rocks the pawl H
so that its one or other end comes into the path of the tooth g' on the sector G
at the upper or lower end thereof. The sector G in its continuous movement
then carries with it in the one or other direction the pawl Hand with it its
radius arm I the rod M' and lever fork N¹, as far as the movement of the
tooth extends. The clutch F is thus shifted into engagement with the one
or other bevelled wheel C or D, the shafts B and I become geared together
and the regulating apparatus previously described is adjusted until the governor
resumes its normal position and the rod L' moves the arm K and thus the
paw! H into its previous mean position out of the path of teeth g'. The tooth
at the other end now however meets the laterally displaced pawl Hand
moves it back to its first position carrying back the rod M' fork N¹ and
clutch F
As an example, in the drawings, the motion of the sector G₁ is derived from
an excentrically placed pin on the wheel E by means of a connecting rod.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what 1
claim is
1. A governor comprising the devices herein described for transferring the
motion of the governor proper to the mechanism for regulating the engine with
reference to Sheet 1. 2 or 3.
2. The mechanism herein described for gearing and angenring the shafts B
and in combination with a governor and engine regulating devices.
3. In a governor, the devices herein described for engaging and disengaging the
clutches or pawls and ratchet wheels for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 18th day of June 1894.
H. J. HADDAN.