IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES AND FORGES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Henry Lloyd, of Wednesbury, in the County of
Stafford, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR
BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES AND FORGES."
Sealed the 28th February 1878, and dated the 13th September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Henry Lloyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th September 1877.
FRANCIS HENRY LLOYD, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES AND
FORGES."
My Invention cousists, first, in making the nozzle of the tuyere, or that part
of the tuyere which in use is exposed to the greatest heat, of malleable cast iron or
wrought iron, or of cast steel or other refractory metal or alloy, the said nozzle
being connected with the other part or body of the tuyere by the casting process.
I form the nozzle of the tuyere of thin cast steel or wrought or malleable cast
irou, and place the said nozzle in a chill or sand mould properly cored.
I prefer to effect the casting by means of a get in the axis of the mould, delivering
the stream of melted cast iron or steel near the bottom of the mould. The said
get may be provided with lateral openings above the nozzle, so that the melted
cast iron or steel may fill the upper part of the mould from the said lateral
openings.
This part of my Invention is applicable to various kinds of tuyeres. It may be
applied to tuyeres of the kind described, represented, and claimed in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent granted to me on the Sixth day of November 1874,
No. 3833.
It may also be applied to solid tuyeres, that is, tuyeres having no provision for
cooling by water, and to tuyeres having hollow walls or sides as well as to tuveres
in which a coil of wrought-iron piping is embedded in the nose of the tuvere.
Where, however, a circulation of water similar to that effected by the ordinary coil

page_text: is desired, I prefer to effect it in the following manner;-I dispense with the coiled
iron pipe, and make in the interior of the steel or iron nozzle described a broad
screw thread. The inner wall of the tuyere formed in completing the tuyere by
casting engages with the inner edge of the said screw thread, and there is thus
formed a screw-like passage between the inner and outer walls of the nozzle end of
the tuyere.
Water is conveyed by a pipe or channel to this passage near the
furnace end of the tuyere, and passes through the screw-like passage to the rear
end of the tuyere where it is discharged; or the screw-like passage may be cast in
the substance of the nozzle itself.
By casting the rear part of the tuyere upon a refractory nozzle, according to my
Invention, a perfect junction is effected between the said nozzle and the rear part
of the tuyere, and a tuyere is produced capable of resisting the injurious action of
the heat to a much greater extent than ordinary tuyeres.
My Invention consists, secondly, in combining with the nozzles or fore ends of
tuyeres contracting pieces or diaphragms, for the purpose of limiting the amount of
blast emerging from the nozzles of the tuyeres, and, when desirable, of dividing and
directing the blast in any required manner.
I prefer to make these diaphragms of fire-clay or other refractory non-metallic
material, or they may be made of steel, iron, or other metal or alloy capable of with-
standing the temperature to which the tuyere has to be exposed. I make the body
of the diaphragm of a slightly conical tubular figure, and of a size proper to fit
inside the nozzle end of the tuyere. The front end of the diaphragm has a single
contracted opening or a series of openings arranged around a central opening, or
it has a single opening of a star-like figure; or the said front of the diaphragm
may have an opening or openings of such other figure as will divide or direct the
blast in the required way. As these diaphragms are introduced into and removed
from the tuyere by a sliding motion, and when inserted in the tuyere require no
fixing, they can be introduced, removed, or changed with great facility, and their
use gives great command over the blast.
I prefer to use with any furnace a tuyere of the largest size suited to that
furnace, and to regulate the blast opening by the use of the diaphragms described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by,
the said Francis Henry Lloyd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
March 1878.
FRANCIS HENRY LLOYD, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TUYERES FOR BLAST FURNACES AND OTHER FURNACES AND
FORGES."
My Invention consists, first, in making the nozzle of the tuyere, or that part of
the tuyere which in use is exposed to the greatest heat, of malleable cast frou or
wrought iron, or of cast steel or other refractory metal or alloy; the said nozzle
being connected with the other part or body of the tuyere by the casting process.
I form the nozzle of the tuyere of thin cast steel or wrought iron, or malleable
cast iron, and place the said nozzle in a chill or sand mould properly cored.
This part of my Invention is applicable to various kinds of tuyeres. It may be
applied to tuycres of the kind described, represented, and claimed in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent granted to me on the Sixth day of November 1874,
No. 3833.
It may also be applied to solid tuyeres, that is, tuyeres having no provision for
cooling by water, and to tuyeres having hollow walls or sides as well as to tuyeres
in which a coil is embedded in the nose of the tuyere. Where, however, a circu-
lation of water similar to that effected by the ordinary coil is desired, I prefer to
effect it in the following manner-1 dispense with the coiled iron pipe and make
in the interior of the steel or iron nozzle described a broad screw thread, as berein-
after described.
By casting the rear part of the tuyere upon a refractory nozzle, according to my
Invention, a perfect junction is effected between the said nozzle and the rear part
of the tuyere, and a tuyere is produced capable of resisting the injurious action of
the heat to a much greater extent than ordinary tuyeres.
My Invention consists, secondly, in combining with the nozzles or fore ends of
tuyeres contracting pieces or diaphragms, for the purpose of limiting the amount of
blast emerging from the nozzles of the tuyeres, and, when desirable, of dividing and
directing the blast in any required manner.
I prefer to make these diaphragms of fire-clay or other refractory non-metallic
material, or they may be made of steel, iron, or other metal or alloy capable of with-
standing the temperature to which the tuyere has to be exposed. I make the body
of the diaphragm of a slightly conical tubular figure, and of a size proper to fit
inside the nozzle end of the tuyere. The front end of the diaphragm has a single
contracted opening or a series of openings arranged around a central opening, or it
has a single opening of a star-like figure: or the said front of the diaphragm may
have an opening or openings of such other figure as will divide the blast in the
required way. As these diaphragms are introduced into and removed from the
tuyere by a sliding motion, and when inserted in, the tuyere require no fixing, they
can be introduced, removed, or changed with great facility, and their use gives great
command over the blast.
I prefer to use with any furnace a tuyere of the largest size suited to that
furnace, and to regulate the blast opening by the use of the diaphragms described.
I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings,
the manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section a tuyere made according to one of
the improvements constituting my Invention, and Figure 2 represents in section
the nozzle of the same before the body or rear part is cast upon it.
is the nozzle of the tuyere, formed of wrought iron or other refractory metal or
alloy. The said nozzle a is placed in a sand or other mould, and the body or rear
part is formed and connected to the nozzle part a by pouring melted cast iron
into the said mould. The way in which the boily or rear part b engages and forms

page_text: b
a water-tight junction with the nozzle a will be understood by an examination of
the parts c, c, where the body or rear part. b joins the nozzle a.
The part may
either be solid or hollow. In the latter case the mould is properly cored for pro-
ducing a hollowing casting. The core may be made of fire-brick or other refractory
composition, and may be left permanently embedded in the casting. The method
of casting, and the appliances I use in conducting the casting, are such as are
commonly employed for like purposes, and I do not consider it necessary to describe
the same.
Figure 3 represents in longitudinal section a tuyere made according to another
of my improvements. In this tuyere the nozzle d and body or rear part e are made
separately, and afterwards joined by the casting process. Those parts of the body c
and nozzle d which engage with each other are provided with annular grooves or
depressions, the figure of which will be understood by an examination of the
Drawing. When the parts d and c are engaged together, the said annular grooves
or depressions form annular spaces f, g, into which molten metal is poured. The
said molten metal fills the said annular spaces, and firmly locks the two parts & and
e together, and forms a water-tight junction. The melted metal is run into the said
annular spaces through the get h, indicated in dotted lines in the body or rear part e
of the tuyere, the surplus metal escaping at the holes h², h².
Figure 4 represents in section a tuyere made according to another of my improve-
ments. In the tuyere, Figure 4, a collar i of cast iron, hollow in its lower part, is
fitted into the nozzle k and secured therein by rivetting, screwing, or otherwise, the
junction between the collar and nozzle k being water-tight. The body or rear
part of the tuyere is then cast upon the nozzle and collar i, as represented in the
Drawing. Entrance and exit pipes m, n, for the water are inserted in the collar i
before casting the back, and are embedded in the cast body by the said casting
process. The said pipes m, n, open into the hollow lower part of the collar i, which
communicates with the hollow nozzle k, and a circulation of water is thereby effected
through the entrance pipe m, collar i, nozzle k, and back through the said collar i
and exit pipe n. Or the collar i and nozzle k may be provided with annular grooves
or recesses of the kiud represented in Figure 3. In this case the collari is placed
in the nozzle k without being fixed therein by screwing or rivetting. During the
casting of the body the melted cast iron runs through gets made in the nozzle into
the annular grooves or recesses, and filling them, locks the collar in its place in the
nozzle, and the body and nozzle are thus connected together by a water-tight
junction.
"
Figure represents in section a modification of the turere, Figure 4. In this
modification the nozzle a has in it grooves at b. A ring of cast iron is cast at the
rear end of the nozzle, the entrance and exit pipes d, e, for the water being fixed in
the ring c by the casting of the said ring. The base f. indicated in dotted lines, is
afterwards cast on the nozzle a and water pipes d. c.
Figure 4B represents in section and end elevation a spray tuyere constructed
according to my Invention. The said spray tuyere is open at back, or excepting for
the openings necessary for the introduction of a spray jet and the escape of the
waste water, the tuyere may be closed at back, and the water employed is delivered
in the form of spray, or a series of jets, or a sheet in the upper part of the nozzle
The water falling to the part 6 passes by the hole to the body of the tnyere,
from the base of which it runs. The way in which the base of the tuyere is cast
upon the nozzle a and fixed by the junction e will be sufficiently understood by an
examination of the Drawing.
ቦ.
Figure 5 represents in section a tuyere made according to my Invention, in which
the water is made to circulate spirally through the nozzle of the tuyere. p is the
nozzle of the tuyere, and the body of the same: is the broad screw thread,
which, in contact with the outer wall of the nozzle p. forms a spiral passage through
which the water circulates. The screw is cast separately, the water pipes and
being fixed therein by the casting process. The said screw is dropped into the

page_text: nozzle and fits the nozzle at the collar s.
P:
The body is cast upon the base of the
nozzle and is secured thereto by the cast metal entering the groove u.
P,
The water
enters by the pipe w, and is delivered at the front or narrow end of the nozzle.
After circulating through the screw-like passage, it passes from the base of the
nozzle by the pipe v. The screw may be made of refractory fire-brick instead of
cast iron.
Figure represents in longitudinal and cross section a tuyere made according to
another of my improvements. In this improvement the body and the inner wall
of the nozzle are formed in one piece by the casting process. The outer wall w of
the nozzle is fixed thereto by casting, as herein-after explained; y, y, are ribs formed
on the inner wall of the nozzle v, and when the outer part of the nozzle is fixed
upon the body u, these ribs y, y, divide the annular space between and into two
separate parts communicating with each other near the nose of the tuyere; 1 and 2
are entrance and exit pipes for the water. The water from the pipe 1 entering one
of the water spaces between rand, near the base of the nozzle, travels to the fore
end of the nozzle, when it passes into the other water space and escapes by the pipc
2. The outer part of the nozzle is fixed to the body u in the following manner:
A groove 3 is formed in the body u, and a similar groove is formed inside the
outer wall w of the nozzle. When the nozzle w is put in its place on the body u,
the grooves 3 and 4 are opposite to each other and enclose an annular space, which
is filled with molten cast iron, and the nozzle and body thereby fixed together water-
tight. The molten cast iron may be introduced into a get or hole at 5, the excess
of the cast iron escaping by the get or hole at 6. Or the annuler space at 3, 4,
may be filled by means of a get 7 in the body u. When the get 7 is employed,
the tuyere is inverted during the casting of the metal in the annular space .r;
that is, the base of the body of the tuyere is turned uppermost, as represented
with respect to the tuyeres, Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 7 represents in section a tuyere made according to my Invention, in
which the nozzle 10 is made of fire-clay or other refractory material or compo-
sition, the body 11 of the tuyere and outer casing 12 of the nozzle being cast upon
the said fire-clay, part 10.
Figure 7 represents in section a dry tuyere for a smith's hearth, constructed
according to my Invention. «is the fire-clay or other refractory or other non-
metallic nozzle, upon and within which the base is cast. The central hole or
interior of the nozzle is supported and lined by a portion of the casting h.
Figure 7 represents in section a dry tuyere for a smith's hearth or cupola, in
which the fire-clay or refractory nozzle a on which the cast-iron base is cast
is supported or strengthened within and without by a portion of the casting b.
Figure 7 represents in section and in side and end elevations a tuyere for a
Bessemer converter, constructed according to this part of my Invention. a is the
fire-clay or refractory nozzle of the tuyere on which the base 6 is cast. The axial
core e which extends from end to end of the tuyere gives great strength to the said
Luvere.
Although in describing and representing my Invention as applied to tuyeres with
metallic nozzles I have only described and represented hollow nozzles, and solid
refractory nozzles, and hollow metallic nozzles filled with refractory cores, yet I
wish it to be understood that my improvements may also be applied to tuveres
generally. And although I have only described the use of cast iron for making the
bodies of tuyeres, according to my Invention, yet I wish it to be understood that
cast steel may be employed in place of cast iron, and that in either case a per-
manent core of refractory material may be employed, and remain embedded in the
casting.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 represent in section and end elevations respectively
various shaped contracting pieces or diaphragms, made by preference of fire-clay,
constructed according to my Invention, to be used in the nozzles of tuyeres for
limiting the amount of blast emerging from the said tuyeres, and when required

page_text: for dividing and directing the blast; Figure 12 represents in side elevation and
end elevations another diaphragm, made according to my Invention.
The diaphragm. Figure 8, has a single contracted opening. It is conical both
externally and internally, the exterior of the diaphragm being of a size and figure
proper to fit inside the nose end of the nozzle of the tuyere, as shown at ., Figure 3.
The internal contracted opening in the diaphragm is largest at the rear end a, and
tapers from the said rear end a to the smaller front end b, at which end the blast
is delivered from the tuyere into the furnace.
The diaphragm, Figure 9, has the same figure externally as the diaphragm,
Figure S, but is arranged internally so as to divide the blast. It has a large
central opening at the rear, passing into the smaller cross opening d at the front
end of the diaphragm, and above and below the central cross opening are circular
openings e, c.
The diaphragm. Figure 10, is furnished with a central circular opening f, around
which a series of concentric openings h. h. is arranged.
The diaphragm, Figure 11, has a single opening i, divided by a series of radial
divisions, as represented.
The diaphragm, Figure 12, has a single opening in it, the rear end m of the
opening being circular, and the front end n of a star-like figure, as represented in
the end elevations.
In using these diaphragms, or similarly constructed diaphragms, they are intro-
duced into the inner tube of the tuyere from the rear end thereof, and are passed
down the said inner tube near to the front of the nozzles, as represented in Figure 3,
where they fit in the said nozzles. When the diaphragms are required to be changed
they are removed from the tuyeres by sliding them back from the front to the rear
of the inner tube of the tuyere.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to
the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Inven-
tion of Improvements in Tuyeres for Blast Furnaces, and other Furnaces and
Forges."
"
First. Making tuyeres by forming a nozzle of malleable cast iron, wrought iron,
or cast steel, or other refractory metal or alloy, and casting on the said nozzle the
rear end or body, and forming a water-tight junction between the said parts, as
herein-before described, and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 4, 4, and 4B of the accom-
panying Drawings; also the modifications herein-before described, and illustrated
in Figures 7, 7, 7ª, and 7° of the accompanying Drawings, where permanent cores
made of refractory material are substituted for the water space.
Secondly. Making tuyeres with nozzles of malleable cast iron, wrought iron, or
cast steel, or other refractory material, and forming the bodies of a shape and size
suitable for connection to the said nozzles, and connecting the said nozzles and
bodies by running molten cast iron or steel into grooves formed in the body and
nozzle for its reception, thereby joining the body and nozzle, as herein-before
described, and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. Making tuyeres in which the water is made to circulate in a screw-like
passage in the nozzle by making the body and inner portion of the screw-like
passage apart from the nozzle, inserting the said screw-like part in the nozzle, and
fixing the said screw-like part in its place by casting the body on the nozzle, as
herein-before described, and illustrated in Figure 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. Making tuyeres in which the water space in the nozzle is divided into
two parts for determining the circulation of water by forming the nozzle and body
separately, and afterwards connecting them together by casting a ring of metal into
grooves in the said body and nozzle, as herein-before described, and illustrated in
Figure of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. The combination with the nozzles of tuyeres of contracting pieces or
diaphragms, constructed substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated in

page_text: Figures 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 of the accompanying Drawings, for limiting the
amount of blast emerging from the nozzles of the tuyeres, and, when desirable,
dividing and directing the blast in any required manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Henry Lloyd, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.