AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING, PREPARING, AND TREATING LAND, AND FOR SOWING SEEDS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Patrick Kelly, of Number 111, West Street,
Drogheda, in the County of the Town of Drogheda, Printer, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING, PRE-
Sealed the 26th May 1854, and dated the 29th November 1853..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Patrick Kelly at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th November 1853.
I, PATRICK KELLY, of Number 111, West Street, Drogheda, in the
County of the Town of Drogheda, Printer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING,
PREPARING, AND TREATING LAND, AND FOR SOWING SEEDS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination with a locomotive of an
apparatus or implement for opening the land in furrows, a drill or appa-
ratus for sowing seed, and a roller for rolling in the seed, all such parts
being combined with suitable driving and adjusting gear.

page_text: The locomotive may be of the ordinary construction, but in the
hinder part of the frame is mounted a metal cylinder set round with
teeth or spikes, which by means of suitable toothed gear may be made
to revolve at a considerably greater rate than the driving wheels. The
axle of this apparatus or implement is mounted in a slot in the frame,
by which it may be raised or lowered by means of a lever acted upon
by a screw fixed in the fore part of the engine so as to-be conveniently
worked by the attendant. This implement or apparatus is also capable
of self-adjustment to the inequalities of the surface of the ground
by means of a spring or elastic body applied to the end of the lever
opposite to that which is connected with the axle of the said
implement.
Behind this implement or apparatus is fixed a kind of splash board,
and behind this. a drill or apparatus_for_sowing seed, supplied with a
hopper, and driven by means of a broad wheel or drum running on the
ground, and carrying on its axle a pulley, round which a band-passes!
communicating with another pulley in connection with the sowing
apparatus, or it may be otherwise driven.
At the back of the frame of the whole machine is fixed, so as to
be drawn after it, a heavy rollér fór rolling in the seeds deposited
by the drill. The machine or locomotive has a suitable apparatus
fixed in front, by which it may be guided by the attendant during its
progress.
S
J.
The running wheels of the locomotive may be made to go loosely on
their shaft or axle when required by means of clutch boxes.

page_text: WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by
Her Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Patrick Kelly, Her: special
licence that I, the said Patrick Kelly, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Patrick Kelly, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING, PREPARING, AND TREATING LAND, AND FOR
SOWING SEEDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the 'said
Patrick Kelly, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal;
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Patrick Kelly, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is "to
say)
91
"
.
My Invention of "An Improved Apparatus for, Cultivating, Pre-
paring, and Treating Land, and for Sowing Seeds," is intended to
provide the means of ploughing or opening, breaking up and pulverizing
the ground, of depositing the seed and rolling it into the ground with
increased facility, and consists in the combination with a locomotive of
an apparatus or implement for pulverizing the land, a drill or apparatus
for sowing seed, and a 'roller for. rolling in the seed, all such parts
being combined with suitable driving and adjusting gear. The
locomotive may be of the ordinary construction (as its particular con-

page_text: struction does not form part of my Invention), but in the hinder part
of the frame is mounted an iron cylinder set round with teeth or
spikes, which by means of suitable toothed gear may be made to
revolve at a considerably greater speed than the driving wheels of the
locomotive, and produce a corresponding effect upon the ground.
The axle of this apparatus or implement is mounted in slots in the
frame, so that it may be raised or lowered by means of a lever acted
upon by a screw fixed in the fore part of the frame, so as to be con-
veniently worked by the attendant. This implement or apparatus is
also capable of self-adjustment within certain limits to the inequalities
of the surface of the ground, and to different depths of the soil, by
means of a spring or elastic body applied to the end of the lever oppo-
site to that which is connected with the axle of the said implement, the
axle being raised in the slot by the pressure of the ground upon the
under part of the implement.
Behind this implement or apparatus is fixed a kind of splash or
mould board, and behind this a drill or apparatus for sowing seed
supplied with a hopper, and driven by means of a broad wheel or drum
running on the ground; and carrying on its axle a pulley or drum
round which a baud passes, communicating with another pulley or
drum in connection with the sowing apparatus, or it may be otherwise
driven..
.
At the back of the frame of the whole machine is fixed, so as to be
drawn after it, a roller for rolling in the seeds deposited by the drill. In
the front part of the machine or locomotive are fixed a wheel and pinion,
through which, by means of a lever handle, the attendant is enabled to
act upon the front wheels of the carriage and guide it in its progress.
This object may also be accomplished by means of a screw.
The main bearing wheels of the locomotive may be made to run
loosely on their shaft or axle, when required, by means of clutch boxes
acted upon by means of a lever and handle conveniently placed. When
it is desired to turn the whole apparatus round, one of the wheels
only will be made to run loosely. The roller and drill may sometimes
be dispensed with.

page_text: In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood I will
proceed to describe the apparatus in its combined form, more particu-
larly by the aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a
side elevation, and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of the same. A, A, is a
strong frame mounted on wheels, and carrying a locomotive engine B;
also combined with it so as to be carried along with it, and suitably
worked by it, are the implement or pulverizer C, for opening and
dividing the ground, the drill or sowing apparatus D, and the roller E
for rolling in the seed. On the ordinary crank axle F of the loco-
motive are fixed two pinions G, G, taking into spur wheels H, H, on the
same shaft with the bearing wheels of the locomotive; these wheels
H, H, take into pinions I, I, on the intermediate shaft J. On this
shaft are two wheels taking into corresponding wheels on the shaft or
axle K of the implement or apparatus C. This, it will be seen, consists
of a cylinder C, with teeth or prongs C¹ projecting from it. The shaft
or axle K is mounted so as to work within the slot L of the bracketted
framing M. There is a lever N, having its fulcrum at O, one end of
which is capable of being acted upon by means of the screw P, and to
the other end is jointed the rod Q, this rod being also connected to the
axle K. The axle K may thus be raised in the slot L by depressing
the front end of the lever N by means of the screw P. The axle K
has also a limitted range of upward movement. in the slot L, through
an elastic bearing of the said front end of the, lever N, such bearing
consisting of an elastic spring, or being otherwise constituted. The
drill or sowing apparatus D, with its hopper d, and spout or distributor
d', is actuated by the roller d', through the band and pulleys, as shewn.
The roller E is connected to the back part of the frame A by the link R.
The axle of the two front wheels of the locomotive may be acted upon
through. the pinion S and wheel T, so as to guide them in their pro-
gress. The main bearing wheels of the locomotive may be made loose
on their shaft so as to admit of the implement or apparatus C being
driven without any forward motion of the whole machine by means of
a pair of clutch boxes,U, U, worked by a lever in the ordinary manner.
V, V, are fly wheels on the crank shaft F, to overcome the dead points

page_text: of the cranks. X is a splash or mould board fixed to the framing behind
the implement or apparatus C...
The working of the whole apparatus' is as follows:
:
The motion from the crank shaft F, received in the "ordinary way
from the working piston of the engine, is communicated through the
pinions G, G,, to the spur wheels H, H, which being of mucli greater
diameter than the pinions G, G; transmit a correspondingly 'slower
motion to the axle of the main bearing wheels of the locomotive. But
this motion is carried from the wheels H, H,to the shaft J, through the
pinions. I, I, and through the wheels on the shafts J and K, to the shaft
K of the implement or apparatus C. The motion thus transmitted
from the large spur wheels H, H, through the pinions I; will correspond
in increase of speed with the decrease of diameter of the pinions as
compared with the spur wheels gearing with them! Thus it will be
perceived that by this arrangement the motion originally proceeding
from the crank shaft F is imparted at a decreased speed to the axle of
the bearing wheels of the locomotive, and therefrom at an increased
speed to the "axle of the implement or apparatus C. By this' means
the forward motion of the whole machine will be moderate as compared
with the rotary motion of the implement C, and this difference of motion
may be otherwise regulated by changing the driving and regulating
gear. As the implement C is thus made to open, divide, and pulverize
the ground, the drill or sowing apparatus D is brought into action
behind it through the roller or wheel d² and band and pulleys, as shewn,
'the roller E likewise following and rolling in the seeds.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that
I do not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise forms and
arrangements of the parts shewn and described; neither do I claim as
of my Invention the portions of mechanism generally above described,
otherwise than, as combined in the manner and for the purposes
'described. But what I claim as of my Invention is,
First, the general arrangement and combination of the whole
machine or apparatus, as described

page_text: And, secondly, the combination of the locomotive with the implement
or apparatus denoted by the letter C on the Drawings, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Patrick Kelly, have hereunto
subscribed my name and affixed my seal, the Twenty-sixth
day of May, in the year One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered in
the presence of.
THOMAS TRAYNOR,
4, Eccles Lane,
PATRICK KELLY. (L.s.)
Dublin.