IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING LOOPED, TERRY, OR OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Denton, of Prestwich, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING LOOPED, TERRY, OR
OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS."
Sealed the 5th July 1853, and dated the 12th May 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Denton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 12th May 1853.
I, JOSEPH DENTON, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING
LOOPED, TERRY, OR OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS" to be as follows:-
.. My said Invention consists of a mode of arranging the parts of a.
loom to which certain apparatus or arrangements lately invented by me.
have been applied.
The said apparatus so lately invented by me consists of a table oppo-.
site to and parallel with the breast beam, and having a backward and
forward motion; and over this table, and mounted upon the same frame'

page_text: with it, is placed a bar capable of being, from time to time, during the
operations of the loom, brought down upon the terry warp threads
passing over the table for the purpose of drawing back such threads by
the action of the apparatus, so as to raise or form the terries or loops of
the fabric woven in the loom. My improved mode of arranging the
parts of a loom consists in arranging the parts, so that a weft thread
shall be introduced into the open shed below the terry warp threads im-
mediately before the descent of the bar upon the table, and when the
batten or slay drives back the weft thread, that thread, and also the
terry warp threads, are pressed against the edge of the bar, and in that
position the terry warp threads are more securely held during the
formation of the terries or loops.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Denton in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 11th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOSEPH DENTON, of Prestwich, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Denton, Her special license
that I, the said Joseph Denton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Denton, my executors, ad-
ministrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI-
NERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING LOOPED, TERRY, AND OTHER SIMILAR
FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph

page_text: Denton, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under any hand and seal, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters
Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Denton, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following Specification thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, in each of which similar parts are marked
with similar letters or figures of reference (that is to say):
My Invention relates to the mode or method of raising or forming
terrics or loops on the surfaces of carpets, velvets, and other piled
fabrics during the weaving thereof in a loom, in which the terrics or
loops are raised or formed without the aid of wires or any similar con-
trivances. The loom which I use for that purpose is furnished with a
moveable table placed between the breast beam and the slay, and
mounted upon a frame or moveable arms so as to be capable of
receiving backward and forward motions. Above this table, and
mounted on the same frame with it, is placed a bar capable of being.
from time to time, during the operation of the loom, raised and again
brought down upon the warp threads which pass over the surface of the
table, as herein-after described. My said Invention consists
an im-
proved mode of arranging the parts of a loom such as I have men-
tioned, so that a weft thread shall be introduced into the open shed
below the terry warp threads immediately before every descent of the
bar upon or towards the table, and when the batten or slay drives back
the weft thread, that thread, and also the terry warp threads, shall be
pressed against the edge of the bar, and in that position the terry warp
threads be more securely held during the formation of the terries
or loops by the action of the loom, as herein-after described.
In order to make my Invention more clearly understood I will describe
the loom which I prefer to use, and which is furnished with a table and
bar such as I have mentioned, but I do not intend to make. any claim

page_text: .
thereto, except in respect of the arrangement of the parts thereof in
manner and for the purposes herein mentioned. Fig. 1, of the said
Drawings represents a side clevation of the loom; Fig. 2, a front ele-
vation thereof; Fig. 3, a plan of the same; and Fig. 4, a side eleva-
tion of a portion of the loom on an enlarged scale. In the loom shewn
in these Figures a, is the frame of the loom; b, is the tappet shaft;
c, are the healds; d, is the taking-up roller; e, is the cloth beam;
f, are the heddles; g, is the reed; h, is the moveable table; i, is a stay
or fixing to regulate the necessary position of the table, which regulates
the length of the loops or terries; k, are the warp threads, the ground
warp threads being shewn resting on the table, and the face or terry
warp threads raised into a position at an angle with the other warp
threads by the healds; 7, is the bar with a fine rounded edge, supported
by the rods q, working through holes in the table h; this table is sup-
ported by columns or rods, the lower ends of which are mounted upon
the ends of the shaft t; each of the rods q, is mounted upon a pin at
the end of a lever p, so that the roils may be free to move forward and
backward with the table, and also be raised or depressed by the action
of the levers p. The cam .n, gives motion to the levers m, m', and.p.
When the cam n, depresses the upper end of the lever m, the roller or
pulley x, on the lever m³, raises the heavy curved lever m²,.moving the
1 levers m³, and acting upon the columns or rods which support the
table press the columns and the table forward, and with the table the
rods which support the bar, and the levers p, at the same time raise
the rods q, and with them the bar l. The extent of this forward move-
ment determines the size of the loops or terries, and is regulated by
, raising or depressing the lever m², which can be adjusted by means of
a set screw. The levers, r, form a stop to, the forward progress of the
bar, and are adjusted by set screws s; when the lever m, is raised by
..the action of the: cam, the levers m³, and p, move with it, allowing
the lever m², by its weight to move the lever m³, back, thus leaving the
table at liberty to be moved by the pressure of the slay or batten. The
moving power is applied to the loom in the ordinary manner. The warp
threads pass between the moveablestable h, and the bar 7, the face warp
threads (from which the terries or loops are to be formed) being from

page_text: time to time raised upon the opening of the shed, (as shewn in the
Drawings, and above mentioned,) when a. row of terries or loops is to
be formed across the face of the fabric. The table.has a forward and
backward motion similar to that of the slay or lathe.; it does not, how-
ever, move, at, every pick, .but only, when the. terry is to be formed or
raised. The bar placed over the table has its edge planed perfectly
true, so as to touch (when brought down) every terry warp thread at
the same time. The bar has two descriptions of motions, one backward
and forward together with the table, the other up and down or vertical
movements; the movements as well of the bar as of the table are com-
municated from the tappet shaft by the cam n, and the other parts just
described...
.
I will now,' by way of example, describe the mode in which the
terries or loops are formed in weaving a fabric which is woven with
three picks to the terry. I cause the movements of the loom to
be so regulated that a..pick or weft thread shall be thrown in by the
-shuttle before the bar descends upon the warp threads, so that the
opening of the shed may not be inconveniently 'diniinished by the bar
pressing down the upper warp threads during the passage of the shuttle.
The cam n. is fixed in such a position that the levers which it
actuates are moved so as to cause the table and bar to advance towards
the slay or batten at or, nearly at the same time as the first pick is
thrown in, and just such a distance as may be requisite to enable them
to take up the desired length of each face or terry warp thread to
form the loops or terries. The action of the levers p, at the same
time elevating the rod q, and the bar 1, 'so as to permit the warp threads
to pass casily through between the table during their forward motion.
The extent of the forward motion of the table and bar may be varied
at pleasure by the means already described, according to the size of
the loops or terries 'to be formed. This forward motion of the table
and bar being arrested at the proper distance, the upper end of the
lever m, is raised by the cam'n, and the bar is by the action of the
levers p, brought down' upon or 'towards the table, so as to press or
hold down each of the face or terry warp threads at the end of the
length or part which is to be fornièd into a terry or loop. The slay or

page_text: lathe then advancing up to the bar presses or holds the weft thread
just thrown in, and also each of the terry warp threads, securely against
the edge of the bar, whilst the continued motion of the batten or slay
drives back the table and bar (set at liberty. by the raising of the
lever m, as already described) until the batten or slay holding a length
of each of the terry warp threads against the edge of the bar, as
already mentioned, comes up to the cloth which has been formed; in
doing which the portion of each terry warp thread between the edge
of the bar and the cloth is raised or formed into a terry or loop, and
merely requires the requisite number of back picks to be thrown in in
order to secure it. The same process is repeated for every row of terries
or loops to be formed in making the fabric. I also prefer to introduce
an extra warp thread of cotton, linen, or other suitable material for
the purpose of binding or holding more firmly the first pick in its place
until the terry or loop is beaten up and secured by the following picks ;
but this extra warp thread is not essential, except in cut pile goods.
The dead or ground warps and the face warp are delivered from rollers
or beams at the back of the loom, and pass through the healds and
reed of the loom to the front cloth beam in the usual manner, on their
way passing through between the table and bar, as before mentioned.
When the loom is put in motion, and the slay or lathe recedes from
the breast beam to its extreme position, the bar and table advance, and
the bar descends, and presses or pinches the face warp threads, as
already described. At this time, in weaving velvets, the worsted or
face warp threads and the extra warp thread are up, and the binder
and ground warp threads are down, and when the first pick is put in,
this pick makes the loops secure at the time of beating up. When
the second pick is put in, the binder is up and all the rest of the
threads are down, and this pick fastens the loops and binds them to the
ground. When the third or finishing pick is put in, the binder is down
and all the rest of the threads are up for the purpose of fastening, and
thus completing the loop or terry. The clip of the bar and table is
maintained; the table and bar are stationary during the time the whole
of the picks are put in..
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my

page_text: said improvements, and the manner of carrying the same into prac-
tical effect, I declare that I claim as of my Invention:-The method
of arranging the parts of a loom and their motion, so that a weft
thread shall be introduced into the shed below the terry warp threads
immediately before the descent of the bar, and so that when the
batten or slay drives back the weft thread that thread and also the
terry warp threads shall be pressed by the batten against the edge of
the bar, and in that position held during the raising or forming of and
securing the terries or loops, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Denton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Signed, scaled, and delivered by the
15 within-named Joseph Denton in
'
the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOSEPH DENTON. (L.B.)