matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederic Seebohm, of Düsseldorf, in the Kingdom
of Prussia, and of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Merchant and Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON."
Sealed the 27th December 1864, and dated the 18th July 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederic Seebohm at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1864.
I, FREDERIC SEEBOHм, of Düsseldorf, in the Kingdom of Prussia, and of
the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Merchant and
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to a new process or method of manufacturing iron,.
in which I employ, in combination with the materials or substances usually
> termed refuse pyrites, manganese or manganese ores in suitable proportions.
The iron pyrites refuse has hitherto been considered as a waste product, and
it has been an object to get rid of it. I have discovered that it may be.
employed with great advantage in manufacturing iron.

page_text: The method I employ is as follows:-I break up if necessary the refuse
iron pyrites into small lumps about the size of a hen's egg, and with them I
mix manganese or manganese ores, or ores or mineral containing manganese,
and melt the charge in a blast or other suitable furnace, either alone or
combined with ironstone and lime in the proportions usually employed in
manufacturing iron. The proportions in which the manganese should be
employed with the pyrites, to enable a beneficial result to be obtained, will vary
with the quality of the pyrites, and the form in which the manganese is
present. I have found that when ironstone and lime are used, though it is
not always necessary to use them in combination, that about the following
proportions may be beneficially used, 25 per cent. of pyrites refuse; 25 per
cent. of manganese ores; 35 per cent. of ironstone; 15 per cent. of lime.
The whole is melted in the blast furnace in the usual way, and either hot or
cold blast may be used. These proportions may be varied within limits
that will be easily ascertained by a practical manufacturer with a short
experience of the working of my Invention. It will be necessary always to
take care that sufficient manganese be present in the charge or burden that is
melted in the blast or other furnace to insure that the pyrites is properly
combined and melted, and so to enable the iron metal to be separated or
run from it. Instead of melting the pyrites and manganese or manganese
ores in a blast furnace a cupola or other suitable furnace may be used.
AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO PRINTED CHECKS FOR THE USE OF SHOPKEEPERS AND OTHERS, AND TO OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Malcolm Guthrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1864..
I, MALCOLM GUTHRIE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT APPLICABLE TO
PRINTED CHECKS FOR THE USE OF SHOPKEEPERS AND OTHERS, AND TO OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Heretofore the bills and counter-checks used by drapers and other shop-
keepers, one portion of which is given to the customer and the other retained
by the teller or cash-keeper of the establishment, and a third portion being
retained by the assistant who serves the customer. The bill of the customer
being written out by the assistant in pencil immediately above the counter-
part, with a sheet of carbonic paper intervening between the back of the bill to
be given to the customer and the face of the counterpart, by which arrange-
ment two copies of the items are obtained at one operation; the bill portion
which is given to the customer, and the under or counterpart, that is to say,
the portion which is obtained by the means of the intervening sheet of carbonic
paper is generally printed on a light and semi-transparent paper, and perforated
in the in the same. way as a sheet of postage stamps for the convenience of
folding and tearing them apart. The customer's bill, counterfoil, and assistant's
check piece, in large establishments, are each generally printed with the
muster-roll number of the assistant using them and a progressive number.

page_text: Heretofore, in printing those numbers, they have been printed on the same
side of the paper as that containing the heading of the customer's bill, for the
sake of economy in printing, consequently, when the customer's bill is folded
over on the counterfoil, the assistant's number and progressive number on the
counterfoil are on the reverse side to that of the writing, which has been
found by practice to be exceedingly inconvenient to the shopkeeper.
Now, the object of this Invention is, when the bill is printed in letter-press
to use a type for printing the number, letter, or other characters on the
counterfoil, which is cut in the reverse way to that now used for that purpose,
and arranging the same so that when read through the paper it will appear
and be of the same shape as if printed in ordinary characters on the surface
containing the writing. When lithographing or engraving is used, the
characters used are drawn or engraved, so that when read from the back
through the paper they will appear as ordinary characters. This system of
letters, figures, or characters to be read through a transparent or semi-trans-
parent paper or other material will be found useful for many commercial and
art purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITTED VESTS OR UNDER SHIRTS, AND ALSO KNITTED OUTER SHIRTS AND JACKETS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT Charles Billson, of Leicester, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITTED VESTS OR UNDER SHIRTS,
AND ALSO KNITTED OUTER SHIRTS AND JACKETS."
Sealed the 12th July 1864, and dated the 19th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Billson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
January 1864.
I, CHARLES BILLSON, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNITTED VESTS OR
UNDER SHIRTS, AND ALSO KNITTED OUTER SHIRTS AND JACKETS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
knitted vests or under shirts, and also knitted outer shirts and jackets. For
these purposes I make and apply certain descriptions of knitted fabrics, which
classes of fabrics have not heretofore been produced in a suitable manner for
the making of vests or under shirts, or for outer shirts or jackets. The
knitted fabrics which I make and apply to these manufactures are produced in
knitting machines of a width suitable for vests or under shirts, and also for
outer shirts or jackets; such fabrics are either stripes or checks. In producing

page_text: stripe and check fabrics, yarns, or threads of wool, cotton, or silk, or mixtures
thereof, and of two or more different colors, are employed. When making
striped fabrics for carrying out my Invention, a succession of different colored
yarns or threads are used, the loops in each course being removed from and
returned to the needles of the knitting machine as in making "knotted" fabrics
for socks and stockings. When making check fabrics for the purpose of my
Invention, two or more different colored threads or yarns are employed
transversely, and one or more longitudinally; the longitudinal threads are
looped on to the needles by guides, and they are used in addition to the
transverse threads, which are also looped on to the needles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING BRUSHES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Parker and Henry
Hitzman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd May 1864.
We, FREDERICK PARKER, of the Town and County of Cambridge, Carriage
Builder, and HENRY HITZMAN, of the same Place, Clockmaker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING
BRUSHES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to such revolving brushes only as are intended
to be used for brushing either the hair or skin of persons, horses, or other
animals, and has for its object to cause the same to revolve without the aid
while in use, of either a driving band or of a crank turned by the hand, thus
rendering them more portable and convenient for use in any position than at
present, and consists,
(Firstly), in constructing a revolving brush which when wound up or
charged will contain within itself a motive power which will cause the brush to
revolve for a limited time.
(Secondly), in the employment of a spring to form part of a revolving brush
which when wound up or charged will act as a motive power to produce the
revolving action of the same.
(Thirdly), in the employment of a mechanical arrangement to form

page_text: part of a revolving brush whereby the pace at which it would revolve is
checked.
(Fourthly), in the employment of a mechanical arrangement to form part
of a revolving brush, whereby the brush will only revolve during the con-
tinuance of pressure applied to a valve or other contrivance constructed for
that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOVING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Millar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
864.
I, DAVID MILLAR, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Forge Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MOVING HEAVY BODIES," to be as follows,.
that is to say:
This Invention of improvements in apparatus for moving heavy bodies may
be practically carried out under various modifications, but in all of them there:
is comprised the essential feature of two winding barrels acting simulta-
neously, but in such a way that whilst one takes up the chain or rope the
other gives it off at a different rate.
In one convenient modification the two winding barrels are mounted upon
a frame or carriage arranged to travel horizontally on beams or other suitable
supports. The barrels are of slightly different diameters, being geared
together by equal sized toothed wheels, and they are by preference grooved
spirally, in order that the chain or rope may be properly upon them, and with
the rising and falling sides always directly opposite each other. The ends of
the chain or rope are fixed one to each barrel, and the loop between the
barrels is passed through a pulley, block, or sheave, to which the heavy body
to be raised or otherwise moved is attached. The barrels are actuated by
means of a large pulley with an endless rope or chain hanging down from it;
the pulley being fixed on the shaft or spindle of one of the barrels, or on a

page_text: separate spindle gearing therewith directly or through a train of wheels pro-
portioned to suit the intended power of the apparatus.
In another modification the differential barrels actuated directly or indirectly
by a hand wheel or winch handle may be applied to the lower part of a
crane, the chain or rope from the barrels being conducted over guide pulleys
to the nose of the crane, or to a carriage arranged to travel along the top of
the crane.
It is an important feature of all the modifications that with such proportions
of the winding barrels, as are suitable for the purposes in view, a heavy body
suspended from them has no tendency to run down, so that holding catches,
brakes, or the like are not required, whilst there is no possibility of accidents
occurring from a suspended weight descending of itself.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PROTECTING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER SUBMERGED IRON STRUCTURES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Denne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1864.
I, THOMAS JAMES DENNE, of Mile End, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF PROTECTING THE SIDES AND BOTTOMS OF IRON SHIPS AND OTHER
SUBMERGED IRON STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in protecting the sides and bottoms of iron ships and
other submerged iron structures by securing thereto at intervals ribs of wood,
fixed by angle irons screwed to the iron plates, or in some cases let into
seatings formed on the plates and with the wood held between two angle
irons or in the seatings. The screws attaching the angle irons to the iron
plates may or may not penetrate through them, or the angle irons may be
riveted to the plates; then I place solid blocks of cork, which come up to the
level of the wooden ribs upon the iron plates, and cover all with copper, the
wooden ribs being so placed as to receive the ends and sides of the copper
plates, and to receive the nails necessary for holding them tight on to the
structure. Instead of solid blocks of cork, I sometimes use blocks or sheets
composed of kamptulicon or of cork and gutta percha, or of cork and
caoutchouc.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR VULCANIZING INDIA-RUBBER, WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IS ADAPTED FOR VULCANIZING BY THE COLD PROCESS OR WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF HEAT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Turner and James Clark,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 23rd June 1864.
We, ARCHIBALD TURNER, of Leicester, Elastic Web Manufacturer, and
JAMES CLARK, of Manchester, India Rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
VULCANIZING INDIA-RUBBER, WHICH MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IS
ADAPTED FOR VULCANIZING BY THE COLD PROCESS OR WITHOUT THE APPLICATION OF
HEAT," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object to cause india-rubber either in the form of
sheet or thread, to pass in a continuous, regular, and uniform manner through
solutions of chemical agents whereby the change known as vulcanization is
effected in the rubber without subjecting the same to a high degree of heat.
Our machine or apparatus is self-acting, and is provided with a drum, roller, or
pulley whereby the rubber is carried forward into and through a vessel con-
taining the chemical solutions which are allowed to act upon the rubber for a
given and determinate space of time while it is travelling through the solutions.
The rubber passes under a pulley or drum in the solution vessel; and in order
to prevent any drag or strain on the rubber an independent rotary motion may
be communicated to this roller. As rubber of different thicknesses requires to
be acted on a longer or shorter time according to its thickness, the working
parts of the machine must be so arranged that varying speeds may be given to
the rollers, drums, or pulleys, which carry forward and deliver the rubber.

page_text: This is effected by means of cone pullies or other equivalent contrivances for
producing differential speeds, and whereby the carrying drums, rollers, or pullies,
may be set to rotate at any desired speed in a continuous and regular manner.
The rubber after leaving the solution vessel is taken up by another drum,
pulley, or reel driven at the proper speed, and is either wound thereon or is
delivered by it in any convenient manner.
It will of course be understood that the surface speeds of all these working
parts are so adjusted that the feeding in and delivery of the rubber is in
unison so that the rubber may not be subjected to any undue tension.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OF TAR OILS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EMPLOYING THE SAME AS PAINT
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hunter Brandon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1864.-A communication from Vincent Cordier and Claudius
Cordier, Oil Manufacturers, and John Gatliff, residing in Paris, France.
I, DAVID HUNTER BRANDON, Engineer, of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF TAR OILS FOR THE PURPOSE OF EMPLOYING THE SAME AS PAINT," to
be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the manufacture of paint fit for house work,
carriages, cloths, and other objects according to two different processes, in
both of which tar oil constitutes the principal ingredient.
Eirst process. The first process consists in the manufacture of paint formed
of tar or mineral oil, vegetable oil, and drying ingredients in the following
proportion-Tar oil from 55 to 80 per cent.; vegetable oil, such as linseed
oil, poppy oil, nut oil, and other similar products, 20 to 45 per cent.; drying
ingredients, such as sub-carbonate of iron, oxide of lead, sulphate of lead,
sulphate of zinc, manganese, and other similar chemical ingredients, equal to
abcut one-tenth in weight of the vegetable oil, which two latter ingredients
are boiled together until they are of a proper consistency; the tar oil is added
subsequently, and the whole agitated to ensure proper mixture and allowed to
cool, the requisite coloring materials being added, it can be employed in the
same manner as the usual paints.
Second process. The second process consists in manufacturing paint with

page_text: tar oil, vegetable oil, and Norway tar, in the following proportions by weight :-
Tar oil about 16, vegetable oil about 10, and Norway tar about 4; for this
purpose the vegetable oil is boiled down to the requisite consistency, after
which the two other ingredients are added to it, either before or after cooling,
and the whole agitated, the desired coloring material being added, it is then
fit for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1864.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren, near Crickhowell, in the County
of Brecknock, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND
DOUBLING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:—
My Invention consists in the employment of a slough or tube round that
part of the spindle within the bobbin arranged and working in manner
hereafter explained, that is to say:-
I proceed to describe my Invention applied, first, to an inverted flyer,
driven by a whorl and band, as usual, the spindle of which moves up and
down in a well-known manner, for the purpose of laying the yarn regularly
from top to bottom of the bobbin. Upon this spindle I place the slough or
tube, and fit an oil cup upon the spindle, in which the lower end of the tube,
which is bushed, is free to rotate. The tube is supported at top by a pin or
stud fixed to the upper edge thereof, and free to revolve in a cup provided for
its reception in the top of the spindle. Or instead of the upper end of the
tube being supported upon a pin, I allow the tube to revolve upon its lower
edge, and use a cloth or other bush as a lining to the upper end of the tube.
I fix on or above the oil cup a table for supporting the bobbin; a cloth
washer may be interposed between the bobbin and table.
My Invention also consists in the employment of a cloth or other cushion

page_text: of suitable material for the lower edge of the tube to run upon, in order to
avoid metallic contact. In every case the bobbin is placed over the tube, and
when the inverted flyer is used it rests upon the washer and table before
named to produce the drag. When I apply my slough or tube to a spindle
with flyer fixed on the head thereof, I prevent contact between the lower edge
or bearing of the tube and the spindle by means of an annular partition, into
which oil may be supplied.
My Invention further consists in forming a flange on the tube itself for the
bobbin to rest upon, and then the tube is retarded by friction, or otherwise, in
order to produce the drag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING JUTE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hart and John Fraser
Calder at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th October 1864.
We, RICHARD HART, Newspaper Editor, and JOHN FRASER CALDER,
Writer, both of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
JUTE," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the preparing of jute in an improved and
economical manner; and in practising it there is used a broth or soup con-
taining fatty and oleaginous matters, and which is prepared from dead animal
or fishy substances by slowly boiling them in water until a consistency is
attained short of that with which the broth solidifies when cold. When the
broth is cold any matters separating from the main portion and rising to the
surface should be skimmed off or removed. In some cases, as, for example,
when it is desirable to prevent the broth from rapidly decomposing, there is
mixed with it a decoction or infusion of linseed prepared by boiling-about
one to three pounds of linseed either whole, bruised, or ground in thirty
About
gallons of water, or by steeping it in the same quantity of cold water.
one gallon of this decoction or infusion should be added to every thirty
gallons of the broth after both are cold; these proportions may of course be-
varied, and it may be observed that the longer the broth is boiled the less.
tendency to rapid decomposition will it exhibit. It is preferred in general to.

page_text: boil the broth slowly for about six hours, or until it gives indications of the
development of a tallow-like character.
The jute is by this Invention prepared for spinning by treating it with the
fatty and oleaginous broth herein-before described (either with or without the
admixture of the linseed decoction or infusion,) and it is preferred to apply
the broth to the jute in the manner in which the process known as "batching"
is conducted by the manufacturers of jute. The object of the said treatment
is to lubricate and soften the jute by the fatty or oleaginous matter associated
with water, thereby rendering the jute more suitable for spiuning, and pre-
venting it from breaking up into short feathery and hair-like filaments in the
manufacturing process. The decoction or infusion of linseed is added in
order by virtue of the tannin in it combining with the gelatinous matters to
prevent or retard decomposition in the broth, and it also assists in the lubri-
cating action. If the linseed is not added, or in any case, the broth is by
preference to be applied to the jute before there has been time for it to
decompose, so that it may not be offensive or injurious to the workers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNONS, MORTARS, OR GUNS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Sievier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
May 1864.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM SIEVIER, of Rochester Road, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNONS, MORTARS, OR GUNS," to be as follows:-
'
My improvements consist, in the first instance, in making the above of
sheet metal either rivited, screwed, or soldered together, or all these modes
combined, or any of them, in the same cannon, mortar, or gun. The inside
or bore of the cannon, mortar, or gun is made of any suitable metal of a
thickness thought sufficiently strong for this inside piece; this piece is welded,
rivited, or screwed to an outside piece so as to form an outside with a hollow
space between itself and the inside piece, representing two thin plate guns one
inside the other, but not touching each other at the sides. The space
between these two thin plate guns is filled up with a fluid, say water, which
when pure is non-compressible; a plug is then put into the hole which
has admitted the water, and the gun is ready for use. I prefer firing this.
gun by electricity and not from a vent in the usual way, although either
means may be adopted.
I make also the piece of ordnance, as named in the title of this Provisional
Specification, in the following manner, that is to say, I run molten metals
into the space which I before mentioned contained the water, or I make the
gun of more pieces than an inner and outer coating, so that I may have more

page_text: than one open space to run the liquid metals. By the above means I reduce
the price of the manufacture of cannons, mortars, or guns, the chief work or
labour being that of the boiler maker. The weight of the gun is greatly
reduced (when I use water in the space between the casings), and in
transport of the gun this water may be run out which will lighten it con-
siderably.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD INTO MOULDINGS, LATHS, AND OTHER FORMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Grafton, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1864.
I, HENRY GRAFTON, of Brompton Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING WOOD INTO MOULDINGS, LATHS, AND OTHER
FORMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for cutting
wood into mouldings, laths, and other forms, and consists in the use and com-
bination of steel cutters, the facial lines of each cutter intersecting or being
bent or inclined to each other. These cutters I make of the particular form
and shape of the moulding or form of wood desired to be cut, bevilling the
compound cutting edges of each cutter. Each cutter is set up in a chuck or
holder which has adjusting set screws or suitable means of adjustment, several
of these chucks or holders are placed diagonally in slides or guides, and each
chuck or holder of a set of cutters is acted upon by a screw shaft on which
are cut screws of different pitch to act simultaneously on the several chucks
or holders and move them at different speeds according to the pitches of the
several screw threads. Two sets of cutters are usually employed in combina-
tion, the cutting edges of one set being somewhat in advance of the cutters of
the other set. In all cases the cutters are arranged and combined in such
manner that a concave and a convex moulding or form shall be cut out of one
piece of wood, and with little or no waste. The two mouldings or forms in.

page_text: each case being the one the reverse of the other. When the mouldings or
forms consist partly of planes or angles I form these parts by cutters each in
one piece and supported on both sides.
The machinery is composed of a table having upon and below its surface
diagonal frames which carry the two sets of cutters mounted in their chucks
or holders. To this table gearing is applied to give motion to the wood and
to force it endwise through the set of cutters. Where the wood enters guides
are provided for keeping it in position and under restraint.
Circular and other ordinary cutters are in some cases used in combination
with cutters such as are above described.
AN IMPROVED BREECH-LOADING CANNON PROTECTED FROM OVER- HEATING AND CAPABLE OF AN IMMEDIATE WITHDRAWAL OF THE EXPLODED CARTRIDGE CASE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by William Kirrage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1864. A communication from abroad by Mr. G. B. Naglosh,
of Italy.
I, WILLIAM KIRRAGE, of No. 13, Gardeners Road, Victoria Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED BREECH-LOADING CANNON PROTECTED FROM OVER-
HEATING AND CAPABLE OF AN IMMEDIATE WITHDRAWAL OF THE EXPLODED CARTRIDGE
CASE," being a communication to me from abroad by Mr. G. B. Naglosh, of
Italy, to be as follows:-
This cannon in its construction is superior to any yet invented in rapidity
of firing, and in the advantage of its being kept cool by a continuous stream
of water passing through a casing that surrounds the barrel, also the simple
and ready method of charging the same, there being neither friction tubes,
or percussion hammer required to fire it with, but simply a cap, as in ordinary
small arms. In describing the cannon I have to state that it is constructed of
gun or any other metal that may be considered the best for the strain, but to
secure strength there are two strong rings fixed, one on the muzzle, and one
on the breach; these are secured together by strong bolts or bars passing
along the side of the barrel, and fastening them. so firmly that a sectional
breakage is next to an impossibility, the cross bars, that withstand the con-
cussion, slide on two or more strong pillars, that are secured in the breach,
passing a suitable distance into the cannon; a cross bar is moved to and fro

page_text: by a lever constructed so that it possesses all that is necessary for opening the
breach to receive the cartridge, and by lifting up the lever the cross bar
presses the cartridge home and secures the breach from any possibility of
gas escaping, and there is a smaller cross bar that has the property of with-
drawing the case that has held the discharged cartridge, and delivers it into
a box placed to receive it. The firing can be momentary, or suspended at
will, the cartridge being secured during the suspension so when the word "fire"
is given all that is wanted is to strike the end of the lever with the palm of
the hand and the gun is discharged. The smaller cross bar has motion given
to it by two incline planes, one enables it to guide the cartridge into the barrel,
and the other to withdraw the case. These cases not being destroyed by the
discharge will last two hundred rounds or more. The cannon is fixed on a
carriage in the ordinary way, the trunnion being in the centre.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE
TO MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows (that is to
say):
This Invention for improvements applicable to mills for grinding corn and
other substances, chiefly relates to that class of horizontal mills in which the
stones are placed horizontally, and in which the upper or lower stones, or
both, are driven.
way
To apply this Invention to a mill in which, say, the upper stone is driven
through a driving shaft passing through the eye of the lower stone in the
ordinary way, in which case it is preferred to sink the lower stone about half
into the hurst, the mill being fitted with a supply spout and hopper of
the ordinary description, but which supply spout passes down through and is
surrounded by a vertical hollow axle, revolving in a suitable stationary
bearing fitted to the top of the mill case, the lower end of which hollow axle
carries one, two, or any desired number of horizontal arms, slotted on their
outer ends to receive vertical pendant arms which extend downwards, and are
fitted at their lower ends with suitable scrapers or brushes, or both. These
pendant arms carrying the brushes or scrapers, or both, are connected to the
horizontal arms, being passed through the slots on the ends of the horizontal
arms, and are secured thereto by means of locking nuts which abut against the

page_text: top and bottom of the horizontal arms for the purpose of enabling the scrapers
or brushes, or both, to be withdrawn from or advanced towards the edge of the
stone, and elevated or depressed, thereby enabling the same to be readily
adjusted to the desired position. The upper end of the hollow shaft is fitted
with spur gear or a driving pulley or friction gear, for the purpose of imparting
a slow rotary motion thereto, by which the scrapers or brushes, or both, are
carried slowly round the millstones for the purpose of removing the flour,
meal, or other substance being ground, from the outside of the stones into the
discharge spouts, for the purpose of preventing the accumulation of the ground
material within the millstone case. The hollow axle with vertical and
pendant arms, carrying the brushes, or scrapers, or both, may be driven
through a driving pulley placed within the case, the driving strap, travelling
over the pulley, and through holes in the side of the casing, but it is preferred
to drive the said hollow axle from the top of the casing by means of friction
or tooth gear or by a driving strap as herein-before mentioned. The supply
spout and supply hopper may be stationary or revolve with the hollow axle, in
which latter case the supply spout is connected to the regulating lever by
means of a collar or garter in which it revolves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Noel Bolton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1864. A communication from abroad by Jean Dauzat, of the Cours
Imperial Saintes, in the Empire of France.
I, GERARD NOEL BOLTON, of the Pines, Torquay, in the County of Devon,
Major in the Waterford Artillery, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RIFLES AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rifles and other fire-arms,
and consists in a peculiar combination of parts hereafter described, by
which breech-loading rifles and fire-arms will be simplified and improved.
The barrel is arranged to slide in the stock from and to a fixed breech plug,
and the breech end of the barrel is fixed and retained in position by means of
a lever catch, which turns on a pin or axis at the upper part of the stock.
The tail or back end of the lever catch is constantly pressed on by a spring,
and so the catch formed at the forward end of the lever is caused to take
hold of a projection formed on the upper surface of the barrel when the barrel
is slid back into position for firing. The lever catch may however be caused
to act otherwise than by a spring. The fixed breech plug enters the breech
end of the barrel, and is formed partly elastic by baving a thickness of
vulcanized india-rubber or other flexible and elastic material between two
metal plates, in such manner that when the discharge takes place the soft
elastic material may be compressed and expand outwards, so as to close the

page_text: breech gas-tight. It is preferred that the parts should be so constructed
and arranged that the hammer may be prevented acting when the breech
end of the barrel is not correctly in position and secured by the lever catch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAVING OR LEVELLING AND SPLICING LEATHER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lee at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1864.
I, JAMES LEE, of Lightcliffe, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Tanner, Currier, and Leather Cutter, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SHAVING OR
LEVELLING AND SPLICING LEATHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the shaving and levelling of leather or
hides, and the object of it is to shave and level a "butt" of leather or a whole
hide at one operation or process by mechanical means. Heretofore this
object has been attempted to be attained, but on account of the peculiar
nature of leather, or its liability to unequal expansion, or its being subject to
stretch more in one part than another when the stress or the action of the
knife has been applied to the full width, the hide has been found to crease,
and the sharpening of a long knife has also been a difficulty, consequently
level or even shaving has hitherto been found impracticable. Now, I accom-
plish the object by having the knife constructed in short lengths set true and
fixed in a frame or pair of jaws at a suitable distance apart from each other,
so that when applied to the hide, each knife or part will act thereon inde-
pendently of the other, shaving the hide in furrows or strips. The roller on
which the hide is supported and conducted in contact with the knife is formed
in swells and recesses to suit the knife or parts thereof. The hide to be shaved
is attached to a roller which is capable of sliding endwise, so that when the

page_text: hide has passed the knife or knives shaving it in the several parts or furrows,
this roller can be traversed, carrying the hide under the knives at the other
parts to be operated upon in like manner.
Secondly, the Invention relates to machinery for cutting or paring the ends
or edges of leather taper, so as to be spliced or joined evenly together, and
machines hitherto employed for that purpose have consisted of a sliding
adjustable inclined table to carry the leather under a knife, but which has
not effected the purpose with sufficient accuracy. Now, my improvements
consist in applying a roller under the knife, which is supported upon the
inclined table, and raised or lowered thereby, the leather passing over the
roller, so that the splicing or cutting is effected against the roller instead of
against the table, as heretofore. Also, in applying a number of short knives
and a roller with swells and recesses, as described in the first part of this
Invention, for splicing wide widths of leather.
IMPROVED MOULDS FOR MOULDING OF CASTING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1864.-A communication from abroad by Celestin
Magnin, Jean Hubert Keyen, Denis Adolphe Enout, and Joseph Elisé
Richard, all of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11.
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MOULDS FOR
MOULDING OF CASTING," (a communication to me from abroad by Celestin
Magnin, Jean Hubert Keyen, Denis Adolphe Enout, and Joseph Elisé
Richard, all of 39, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of unbreakable moulds
either of natural or artificial caoutchouc.
The caoutchouc mould may be advantageously substituted in lieu of any
other sort of mould hitherto used for casting mantles in plaster, statuary,
pasteboard, papier mâché, and raw or baked clays; it is therefore destined to
the preparation of moulds for casting metals of every description.
The application of caoutchouc to the manufacture of moulds offers the
general advantages of having but one joint with the facility of being placed in
the most insignificant part of the piece, of having moulds of a single piece, of
avoiding air bubbles on the proofs, and lastly, of permitting the taking from the
moulds to be effected with ease and rapidity. It permits the obtaining of a
considerable number of proofs, which may be delivered without retouching.

page_text: The caoutchouc mould also permits the use of a casting plaster of much lower
price than that usually prepared for such use; it also greatly economizes
labour, as a moulder may obtain one half more proofs in the same time. It
is unbreakable and indestructible, and the manufacturers of pasteboard or
papier mâché ornaments or moulded frames, by using the caoutchouc mould,
may obtain greater delicacy and sharpness than they could obtain with the old
moulds. For galvono-plastic work this caoutchouc mould metallizes with
great facility, and the same mould may give several proofs, advantages not
found in the use of gutta percha.
It is also proposed to make moulds of artificial caoutchouc, composed of
gelatine melted with Venice turpentine. The gelatine thus submitted to the
action of the Venice turpentine acquires new properties and loses all its incon-
veniences; it becomes elastic, very resisting, and lasts for an indefinite period
even under the action of humidity. Fish glue melted with water also gives
an artificial caoutchouc possessing also all the properties of caoutchouc, as also
ordinary glue melted in a liquid composed of caoutchouc and benzine.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Banks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th September
1864.
I, JAMES BANKS, of Sharples, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of mechanism employed in hand or
self-acting mules, by which the "run" in and out of the spindle carriage is
effected, and is designed to keep the yarn whilst being spun even and regular,
and also to impart greater strength when the spindle carriage is completing
its "run out."
The improvements consist in imparting to the spindle carriages of mules a
differential or varying speed when "running out," which commences quickly
and gradually diminishes in speed as the distance of the spindles from the
front rollers increases. The effect may be produced by several mechanical
arrangements, two methods being berein described as examples. Upon the
ordinary cam or worm shaft of the mule an eccentric or oval wheel is keyed,
gearing into another oval wheel which rotates on a stud secured to the "head
stock" of the mule; these wheels when revolving transmit through the medium
of suitable bevil and "jack-in-the-box" gearing a differential motion to the
"long driver" shaft of the mule which moves the carriage, and also through
such shaft motion is imparted to the rollers for delivering the yarn by means of

page_text: bevil wheels so as to suit the differential or varying motion of the spindle
carriage when "running out."
A second arrangement of apparatus for effecting the differential or varying
motion of the carriage may be obtained by driving the "long driver shaft"
from the worm shaft of the mule by means of bevil wheels of different
diameters, which are connected to and drive the arrangement of "jack-in-tho-
box," which gives motion to the "long driver shaft," that is to say, the wheels
giving motion to the "jack-in-the-box" when the carriage commences
"running out" are of small diameter and quick speed, giving the carriage a
quick "run" until half its distance is accomplished, at which time motion is
given to the "jack" and "long driver" from the worm shaft through wheels
of a greater diameter, consequently the speed of the carriage becomes dimi-
nished during tho remainder of its "run out," as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING PILED FABRICS TERMED SATTEENS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Eckersley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd Novem-
ber 1864.
I, HENRY ECKERSLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING PILED FABRICS TERMED SATTEENS,'" to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to the weaving of a certain description of fabrics called
"satteens," by which means a superior surface or face is obtained therefrom.
The improvements consist in a peculiar arrangement or intersection of the
warp and weft threads which is to be produced by the action of the healds
as usual.
In manufacturing the ordinary "satteen" five shafts or healds are employed
actuated by the tappets of the loom which cause the weft to "float" or
"surface pick" four times with each course.
In the improved arrangement seven shafts or healds are employed, and the
tappets are arranged that six or more floats are produced with each course,
thereby effecting a better covering or "face" on the cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE AXLES AND BOXES, AND AN IMPROVED TOOL TO BE USED IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CARRIAGE AXLES, AND FOR FORMING GROOVES OR RECESSES IN PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Partridge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1864.
I, EBENEZER PARTRIDGE, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARRIAGE AXLES AND BOXES, AND AN IMPROVED TOOL TO BE USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARRIAGE AXLES, AND FOR FORMING GROOVES OR RECESSES IN PARTS OF
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements is to prevent the axle leaving the axle box
in the event of the axle breaking within the box.
My improvements consist in forming slot holes in the ordinary collar on the
axle, in forming a groove all round the circumference of the inner end of the
axle box, and in inserting screws, bolts, or pins through the slot holes after
the axle and the axle box are in their proper positions for work; the screws or
pins lie in the groove on the axle box, and should any breaking of the axle
take place inside the box they retain the parts together.
My Invention also consists in reversing the right and left screw threads on
the ends of the journals of those axles known as Collinge's axles, that is to
say, I put upon the journals an inner left-hand and an outer right-hand
thread, and I form the inner nut and collet in one piece, while the outer nut
is in a separate piece. By means of this improvement firing of the box is
prevented.
My improved tool is for the purpose of recessing the outer face of the
collar in axles, whether for the reception of the grooved end of the axle box,

page_text: or for the end of an ordinary axle box. This tool consists of a tube.formed
with a projecting lump at the lower end; this lump is made with a groove or
recess into which steel cutters are fitted. The tool is fixed in a drilling or
other like machine, the journal of the axle is inserted in the tube, and the
cutter is made to project from the bottom of the lump a distance equal to the
depth of the recess to be made. The tool is made to rotate, and its rotation
is continued until the required quantity of metal is removed, when the work
is ready for finishing in a lathe. This tool is applicable to forming recesses
in other parts of machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Parkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th December
1864.
I, JOHN PARKINSON, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable to the gas lamps of railway
carriages, but it may be applied to other lamps. In gas lamps it is of great
importance to have a good supply of air- to support combustion, and in order
to obtain this, and still to avoid the inconvenience of the currents produced by
the rapid motion of the carriage and by gusts of wind, I place in a tube above
the lamp, lying in the direction of the length of the carriage, two valves fixed
on the same spindle, one of which is at all times closed by the resistance of
the air due to the speed of the carriage, or by the force of the wind, while the
other remains fully open for admitting the air to the lamp; the spindle of
these two valves is suspended from the middle to obviate all friction.
Another part of my Invention consists in preventing the downward current
of gusts of wind by means of a ventilating hood, to the spindle of which are
fixed vanes revolving in the chimney of the lamp.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN HARMONIUMB
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hodges at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May 1864.
I, EDWARD HODGES, of Clifton, in the County of Gloucester, Doctor in
Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN HARMONIUMB," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the introduction into harmoniums of jacks for
the purpose of initiating vibration. I provide a jack for every reed or tongue,
which is actuated or moved at the same time with the motion of the wind by
which the vibration when begun is to be continued. The jacks are similar to
those used in the harpsichord.