IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND POLISHING DRINKING AND SIMILAR VESSELS MADE OF GLASS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND POLISHING DRINKING
AND SIMILAR VESSELS MADE OF GLASS." A communication from abroad by
Heinrich Raspiller, junior, of Fenner Glashutte, near Saarbrücken, in the
Empire of Germany.
Sealed the 20th June 1880, and dated the 31st December 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patonts on the 31st December 1879.
39
WILLIAM ROBERT Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
AND POLISHING DRINKING AND SIMILAR VESSELS MADE OF GLASS [A communi-
cation from abroad by Heinrich Raspiller, junior, of Fenner Glashütte, near
Saarbrücken, in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to improved machinery for cutting and polishing drinking
glasses, vases, or similar objects made of glass. A machine constructed according
to this Invention differs from the glass-cutting machines heretofore used, chiefly
by reason of the facts that in my improved machine the glass to be cut assumes
automatically its right position at the grindstone by means of a particular and
suitable holding device, does not require to be adjusted, and receives facets having
all the same depth, length, and breadth, whether the glass object be perfectly
cylindrical or conical, or whether it be of flattened form, as is most frequently
the case
This automatic adjustment of the glass to the grindstone is obtained by making
the glass holding device slightly moveablo around an axis which is vertical or
nearly so, and placed about in the central plane of the grindstone, assuming a line
to be drawn through the latter. The glass is thus enabled to lie with its face
constantly on the circumference of the stone in as perfect a manner as would be the
case if held by hand.
By means of this arrangement I avoid all the disadvantages arising from the use
of a rigid jointless bolding device, which permits facets of equal depth and breadth
to be cut only when the glass is of perfectly regular forin. Another novel feature
of my improved machine consists in the application of a self acting disengaging
Price 8d.1

page_text: arrangement for withdrawing the glass from the grindstone; this action is effected
by means of an electric current, and takes place as soon as the facets to be cut have
obtained their proper depth measured from the circumference of the glass.
Other improvements consist in the general arrangement of the mechanism, and
in details of construction hereinafter described.
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a base plate upon which
the mechanism is mounted. A shaft carrying a grindstone, a cone pulley, and a
pinion is provided with pointed ends having their bearing in the ends of screw
bolts capable of being adjusted in the heads of two standards. The said pinion
gears into a gear wheel fixed upon another shaft; the proportion of the diameter
of these wheels is about one to six. The grindstone has one edge rounded off in
order to produce a smooth passage from the original circumference of the glass
down to the depth of the facet to be cut. A lower slide-rest is provided whose
lower portion or foot is firmly cramped in a hollow cylindrical post, the side wall
of which is slotted in a vertical direction. The said foot may be rotated as well as
raised and lowered in the said post. A slide works upon the aforesaid slide-1 est,
and carries another or upper slide-rest arranged rectangularly to the direction of
motion of the said slide. During each revolution of the shaft carrying the said
gear wheel a slide on the upper slide rest is moved once to and fro, which is effected
by means of an adjustable connecting bar, a horizontally oscillating arm, and a
grooved pulley keyed upon the said shaft. The said arm oscillates upon a bolt or
pin, and carries on one of its extremities a small friction roller rolling in the groove
of the said grooved pulley. In a slot provided in a support attached to one of the
standards the said bolt can be moved and fixed at a point further from or nearer
to the said shaft; this bolt passes through a slide block perfectly fitted into the
said slot, and is fixed in its position by means of a lever-nut. To prevent this nut
from getting loose a jam-nut is screwed up at the lower end of the bolt. A slide
block is placed upon a pin fixed in the aforesaid connecting bar, which may be
adjusted upon the upper slide; the said slide-block produces in the said slot a
slight motion while the oscillating arm oscillates on its fulcrum. By displacing
the bolt in the slot of the support the movement of the upper slido, and con-
sequently the to-and-fro motion of the glass object in front of the grindstone,
which is parallel to the axis of the stone, may be increased or lessened by changing
at will the proportion of the lever arms by means of the displacement. This
oscillation of the glass article or object in front of the grindstone is necessary
in order to obtain smoothly cut surfaces to the facets without any indentations or
flutes.
The glass holding device is arranged on the upper slide, and is journalled in
points which are arranged in a vertical or approximately vertical axis. The lower
point is fixed on the upper slide, and enters a conical hole made in a cross piece,
which forms at its upper surface a slide rest for the reception of two poppets, one
of which slides. The upper point is screwed into an eye in a curved standard
attached to the side of the upper slide by means of screws; this point enters a
conical hole made in a piece which is connected with the aforesaid cross-piece.
It is in this manner that the latter is enabled to oscillate around the points in a
horizontal or nearly horizontal plane, and as the line intersecting both these points
remains always parallel and within the two end faces of the grindstone, the glass
is therefore forced to lie constantly in a perfect manner on the grinding face of the
stone.
The connecting line of the two points passes through the revolving axis of the
mounted glass and divides the cross-piece into two parts. On the contrary, the
axis drawn from the revolving axis of the glass article through the centre of
the cross-piece is slightly inclined in relation to the vertical line.
The chuck for holding the glass is placed on the spindle of one of the poppets.
There is a spindle which with a disc forms one piece of cast steel, and is bored out
for receiving a bolt on which a block to receive the glass object to be out is keyed.
For glasses of small dimensions this block may be entirely made of caoutchouc ;

page_text: but for larger glasses it consists of a wooden block turned down to a form which
corresponds with that of the hollow space of the glass article to be cut. Upon this
wooden block are placed three or four caoutchouc strips being regularly distributed
thereon. Just behind the last named bolt in the bore of the spindle thero is
introduced a spiral spring, the tension of which may be regulated at will by means
of a screw pressing against a collar. On the circumference of the disc, which is
provided with a screw thread, is screwed a metallic ring carrying a caoutchouc
ring chamfered outwardly and corresponding to the exterior circumference of the the
glass article.
In mounting the glass article upon the chuck the former is first pressed on the
block by the sliding poppet, and the glass with the said block is then, as this
poppet continues to advance, pushed on toward the disc, compressing thereby the
spiral spring, and causing thic annular border of the glass to go through the orifice
of the aforesaid caoutchouc ring. By this construction of the chuck the glass is
held fast inside and outside, and is prevented from producing the least rotation on
the chuck; furthermore, it is at the same time well centred.
One of the poppets is cramped fast on the slide rest of the cross piece by a hand
lever, as a small excentric placed upon a revolving bolt of this lever produces
between its surface and that of the said slide-rest the requisite friction by making
a partial rotation with the said lever.
The forward and backward motion of the sliding poppet is produced by turning
a crank, the revolving spindle of which passes through the said poppet, and carries
a pinion which gears in a rack inserted in the upper face of the cross-piece. As
soon as the sliding poppet is brought into the right position, or when the glass is
pressed upon the chuck, this pinion is held fast in its position by stopping the
crank spindle by means of a lever-nut.
The spindle bearing of the sliding poppet and the bearing of the spindle of the
other poppet are open in order that they, after some wear and tear, may be adjusted
so as always to conform to the diameter of the spindles by screwing up screw-bolts
provided for the purpose. By this arrangement the glass article will be held on an
immovable axis when being pressed against the grinding face of the stone. The
spindle of the sliding poppet does not hold the base of the glass article by means of
a point, but by a caoutchouc button which is placed at the end of the spindle, and
is spherically rounded off at its front part in order to fit well the hollow space
made in the base of the glass article.
On the spindle of the clamped poppet there is a dividing wheel or ratchet wheel,
having the same number of teeth as there are facets to be cut at the circumference
of the glass. A double-armed lever loose on the said spindle carries an adjustable
pawl which gears with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel. By the action of a weight
placed upon the upper arm, the lower arm of the lever is pressed against the edge
of a plate which may be moved upon a standard. In withdrawing the glass from
the grindstone or in moving back the lower slide, the upper arm of this lever
produces an oscillation from right to left, and by the engagement of the pawl the
ratchet-wheel is advanced one tooth. In moving the glass toward the grindstone
by the action of the said weight the said lever will resume its original position, the
pawl sliding over the inclined face of the tooth and falling into the following
indentation.
In order that the mechanism for revolving the glass article shall work in an
effective manner, notwithstanding the wear and tear of the grindstone, the movable
plate above mentioned is so arranged that it may be moved and fixed by means of
a screw upon the standard, which may also be regulated on the base-plate.
The spindle of the sliding poppet is prevented from moving in the direction of
its axis by a set-screw. This screw is provided with a point which rests in a
conical hole made in the end of the said spindle, and thereby facilitating essentially
the revolving of the latter in its collar.
In moving the glass article toward the grindstone the glass will be perfectly
true on the grinding face, as the holding device is arranged to revolve around the

page_text: points herein before mentioned. To ensure this, it is however necessary that tho
oscillating axis should rest constantly between the end-faces of the grindstone; the
central position of the oscillating axis must coincide with the central plane of the
grindstone.
The movement of the upper slide must always be less than the width of the
stone, and if narrow stones are used the movement will be less than when employing
stones of greater width.
The position of the axis of the glass holding device depends upon the exterior
form of the glass article, and is changed according to the conical shape of the glass;
this device is absolutely necessary, because glass articles of the kind herein referred
to are not regular bodies, and are very difficult to mount in relation to the rotation
of their circumference. Such articles are not generally round, their longitudinal
axis very seldom forms a straight line, and even glasses of the same description
deviate very considerably one from another in their conical shape. If means were
not provided enabling the glass article itself to automatically take up the correct
position in front of the grindstone according to its exterior form, it would be
necessary to regulate the position of the glass article at the cutting of each separate
facet if the wall of the glass is not to be entirely cut through at different points.
In mounting the glass article upon the device constructed according to this
Invention, the facets will no longer be cut in a circle placed concentrically to the
axis of revolution of the fixed glass article, but in a line running parallel with that
of the natural sectional line of the glass article. At the moment when the facet to
be cut on the circumference of the glass has obtained its desired depth, the glass is
automatically withdrawn from the grindstone in the following manner, that is
to say:-
L
As soon as a facet is cut nearly to its proper depth, an adjusting screw provided
near to the grindstone at its left hand side touches with its point the circumference
of the glass article at the point where the end of the facet passes over to the
circumference of the glass. It follows that at the beginning of the cutting, the
point of the screw stands at a distance from the circumference of the glass, which
distance will be nearly equal to the depth of the facet. Whether this circumference
be mathematically cylindrical, or conical, or conoidal, or whether it be not perfectly
regular, as is in reality always the case, the depth of the facet will constantly be
determined only according to the circumference measured from the latter, and not
according to the diameter. Therefore all the facets will receive an equal depth,
and consequently also an equal width, even if the glass article in the blowing inay
have received a flattened form. If the depth of the facet were determined from the
centre of rotation, all the facets would receive an unequal depth and an unequal
width. The said holding device is also advantageously employed when the glass
does not rotate perfectly true around its geometrical axis. The above mentioned
adjusting-screw is placed on the short arm of a double-armed lever. As soon as
the facet is cut to its proper depth measured from the circumference of the glass,
that is to say, when the point of the adjusting screw is pressed towards the axis
of the grindstone by the circumference of the glass which it begins to touch at the
end of the cutting, this slight motion is increased by the long arm of the said double-
armed lever. This increased motion is used to cause the current from an electric
battery to operate. By establishing this current an electro-magnet is made to
operate, attracting thereby an armature which oscillates around the points of
adjusting screws. In consequence of this motion the upper arm of the said armature
brings a head plate of a piece oscillating on an arm within the reach of an excentric.
When the shaft carrying the gear wheel revolves, the front part of the arm oscillating
around a bolt is lowered by the said excentric, and the rear part is thereby raised.
By this means a lever fixed on a shaft beneath the base plate, and connected with the
Oscillating arm by means of a chain, and an adjustable screw-spindle is thereby
also raised. During this ascending motion of the lever another lever whose forked
end seizes a pin, which is connected with the lower slide is moved from right to
left, withdrawing thereby this slide together with the mounted glass article from

page_text: the grindstone. As the glass-holding device can revolve about the points herein-
before mentioned there is adapted at the left hand side of the lower slide an
adjustable bar, the bent part of which serves in withdrawing the said slide from
the stone as a stop for the cross-piece when the mechanism for turning the
mounted glass article is put into action. This bar may be moved in guides attached
to the lower slide and held therein by means of adjusting screws; it carries an
adjustable collar extending into a pin, which receives the forked end of the forked
lever. After the shaft carrying the gear wheel has made a half revolution the
glass is brought in its extreme position, and the oscillating arm has in the mean-
while with its lower end struck against the moveable plate, and produced an
oscillation around its axis. As the aforesaid pawl is in gear with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, the glass article has thereby advanced in its rotation one tooth,
whereupon the lower slide is brought again near the grindstone by the counter-
weight placed upon the lever; this being produced while the shaft has made its
second half revolution. During the withdrawing of the slide from the stone the
electric current has been again interrupted, the point of the aforesaid screw
touching no longer the circumference of the glass article. By this the electro-
magnet has lost its attraction, and allows the armature to resume its original
position. The said armature in producing this oscillation brings with its upper end
the head plate of the double-armed lever oscillating ou an axis out of reach of the
excentric, and this is done at the very moment required. Any rotation of the
shaft carrying the gear wheel will now rest without influence on the head plate,
consequently a withdrawal of the glass from the grindstone will not again tako
new facet is
place until the facet is entirely cut. As soon as the cut of a
accomplished the same motions as above described are repeated till all the facets
Then the mechanism by means
are cut upon the circumference of the glass article
of which the glass article is brought near to and withdrawn from the grindstone is
put out of action by stopping mechanism screwed upon the base plate This
mechanism consists of a foot, in the bearing of which is jourualled a spindle
carrying a small hand wheel and a ratchet wheel, and having placed thereupon a
lever-arm which is provided with an adjustable pawl gearing in the teeth of the
ratchet wheel. In moving the aforesaid forked lever, withdrawing thereby the
glass article from the grindstone, the lever arm receives an oscillation from left to
right hand on its bolt or spindle by a pin which is fastened on the forked lever.
On account of the pawl's catching in the ratchet-wheel, the latter is turned forward
one tooth. On the return movement of the lever the arm assumes its original
position by the action of a counter-weight, the pawl sliding over the back of the
tooth and catching in the following indentation These motions are repeated till
the last facet is cut on the glass, whereupon the forked lever is prevented from
going towards the grindstone by an arm. For this purpose the inclined face of
each tooth of the ratchet wheel possesses a hole provided with a screw-thread in
order to be able to screw up a small plate, the bevelled edge of which projects over
the front face of the said ratchet wheel. In withdrawing the forked lever from the
grindstone the bevelled edge of this small plate operates on a projection of a blade
spring as soon as all the facets are cut on the glass. The end of the said spring
presses against the free end of the arm pivotted to the pin. After the forked lever
has reached its extreme position the said arm lies before the said lever, to prevent
it from going again toward the grindstone; the glass article is therefore auto-
matically held away from the grindstone as soon as all the facets are cut.
At the commencement of the cut of the facets the small plate last named must
be put upon that tooth, which stands as many teeth back from the projection of
the spring as there are facets to be cut upon the glass article; consequently this
plate must be placed upon another tooth of the ratchet wheel every time when a
greater or smaller number of facets is to be produced. The small hand wheel serves
tor adjusting the ratchet wheel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
June 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
AND POLISHING DRINKING AND SIMILAR VESSELS MADE OF GLASS ม A communi-
cation from abroad by Heinrich Raspiller, junior, of Fenner Glashutte, near
Saarbrücken, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to improved machinery for cutting and polishing drinking
glasses, vases, and similar vessels of glass.
A machine constructed according to this Invention differs from the glass-cutting
machines heretofore employed chiefly by reason of the facts that in my improved
machine the glass to be cut assumes automatically its right position at the grind-
stone by means of a particular and suitable holding device, does not require to be
adjusted, and receives facets having all the same depth, length, and breadth,
whether the glass object be perfectly cylindrical or conical, or whether it be of
flattened form, as is most frequently the case.
This automatic adjustment of the glass to the grindstone is obtained by making
the glass holding device slightly movable around an axis which is vertical, or
nearly so, and placed about in the central plane of the grindstone. The glass is
thus enabled to lie with its face constantly on the circumference of the stone in as
perfect a manner as would be the case if held by hand.
By means of this arrangement I avoid all the disadvantages arising from the use
of a rigid jointless holding device which permits facets of equal depth and breadth
to be cut only when the glass is of perfectly regular form. Another novel feature
of my improved machine consists in the application of a selfacting disengaging
arrangement for withdrawing the glass from the grindstone This action is
effected by means of an electric current, and takes place as soon as the facets to
be cut have obtained their proper depth measured from the circumference of the
glass.
Other improvements consist in the general arrangement of the mechanism and
in the details of construction hereinafter described.
'
Figure 1 is a front elevation, and
Figure 2 is a plan or top view of my improved machine.
Figures 3 and 4 are elevations of the two sides of the said machine.
Figures 5 and 6 represent the disengaging mechanism detached, and
Figure 7 is a sectional view of the chuck or mandrel for holding the article to
be ground or polished.
The machine is mounted upon the table or base plate A. The axis or shaft B.
carrying the grindstone C, the cone pulley B¹, and the gear wheel or pinion B² is
provided with pointed ends having their bearing in the ends of the screw bolts a
capable of being adjusted in the heads or bosses of the standards E, E'. The
pinion B³ gears into the gear wheel B³ fixed upon the shaft D. The proportion of
the diameter of these wheels is about one to six. The grindstone C has one edge
rounded off in order to produce a smooth passage from the original circumference
of the glass down to the depth of the facet to be cut. The foot of the lower slide-
rest G, Figures 1, 3, and 4, is firmly cramped in the hollow cylindrical post F, the
side wall of which is slotted in a vertical direction. The said foot may be rotated
as well as raised and lowered in the said post. A slide H works upon the slide-
rest G and carries another slide-rest I arranged at right angles to the direction of

page_text: motion of the slide H. During each revolution of the shaft D the slide J on the
slide-rest I is moved once to and fro by means of the adjustable connecting bar J¹
of the horizontally oscillating arm J", and the grooved pulley D', Figure 2, keyed
upon the shaft D. The arm J" oscillates upon the bolt or pin b, and carries on
one of its extremities a small friction-roller projecting into the groove of the pulley
or disc D'. A support K, Figures 1, 3, and 4, attached to the standard E¹ is
provided with a slot in which the said bolt b can be moved and fixed at a point
further from or nearer to the shaft D. This bolt 6 passes through a slide block
perfectly fitted into the said slot of the support K, and is retained or fixed in
position by means of the lever-nut c. To prevent this nut c becoming loose a
jamb-nut on the bolt b below the said nut is screwed up to clamp the latter. A
slide-block is placed upon the pin d (Figure 2) fixed in the connecting bar J',
which may be adjusted upon the slido J The said slide-block has in the said slot
a slight motion while the arm J" oscillates on its fulcrum By adjusting the
bolt 6 in the slot of the support K the movement of the slide J, and consequently
the to and fro or oscillating motion in front of the grindstone of the glass object,
which is parallel to the axis of the stone, may be increased or diminished by
changing at will the proportion of the levor-arms by means of the said adjustinent.
This oscillation of the glass article or object in front of the grindstone is necessary
in order to obtain smoothly-cut surfaces on the facets without any indentations or
flutes.
The glass-holding device is arranged on the slide J and is journalled upon points
or pivots which are arranged on a vertical or approximately vertical line. The
point or pivot e is fixed on the slide J, and enters a conical hole formed into the
Cross-piece L, which forms at its upper surface a slide-rest for the reception of a
puppet and a sliding puppet g.
The upper point f is screwed into the eye of the standard M attached to the
side of the slide J by means of screws. This point enters a conical hole formed in
the horn i, Figures 3 and 4, which is connected with the cross-piece L. By this
construction the latter is enabled to oscillate around the points or pivots in a
horizontal or nearly horizontal plane, and as the line intersecting both these points
remains always parallel and within the two end faces of the grindstone the glass
vessel is therefore caused to constantly lie in a perfect manner on the grinding
face of the stone.
A line connecting the two points passes through the revolving axis of the
mounted glass, and divides the cross-piece L into two parts. On the contrary, a
line drawn from the revolving axis of the glass article through the centre of the
cross piece is slightly inclined in relation to the vertical line, as shown in
Figure 4.
The chuck for holding the glass is placed on the spindle of the puppet 1, Figure 2,
and is shown detached in Figure 7. Nropresents a spindle which with the
disc N is formed of one piece of cast-steel or other suitable metal, and is bored out
centrally to receive the bolt k on which the block N to receive the glass object to
be cut is keyed. For glasses of sinall dimensions this block N may be made
entirely of caoutchouc, but for larger glasses it is formed of wood turned to a form
which corresponds with that of the hollow space or interior of the glass article to
be cut. Upon this wooden block are placed threo or four caoutchouc strips
regularly distributed thereon. At the rear of the bolt k, in the bore of the spindle N,
is introduced a spiral spring 1, the tension of which may be regulated at will by
means of a screw pressing against the collar 13. On the threaded circumference
of the disc N¹ is screwed the metallic ring N³ which carries a caoutchouc ring k*
chamfered outwardly corresponding to the oxterior circumference of the glass
article.
In mounting the glass article upon the chuck the former is first forced or pressed
on the block N by the sliding uppet g, and the glass with the said block is then,
ns this puppet continues to advance, pushed toward, the disc N, thereby com-
pressing the spiral spring and causing the annular rin or boider of the glass

page_text: article to pass into or through the orifice of the caoutchouc ring . By this
construction of the chuck the glass object is held fast inside and outside, and
rotation on the chuck is prevented. Furthermore the glass article to be cut is at
the same time well centered.
The puppet his cramped fast on the slide-rest of the cross piece L by the hand
lever 1, Figure 1, as the small excentric placed upon the revolving bolt of this lever
produces between its surface and that of the said slide-rest the requisite friction
when partially rotated by the said lever.
The forward and backward motion of the sliding puppet g is produced by turning
the crank m, Figures 1, 2, 4, the revolving bolt or spindle of which passes through
the puppet g and carries a pinion m¹ which gears with a rack inserted in the upper
face of the cross-piece L As soon as the sliding puppet is brought into the right
position, or when the glass is pressed upon the chuck, this pinion m¹ is held firmly
in position by stopping the crank spindle by means of the lever-nut m², Figures 1
and 2.
The spindle bearing of the sliding puppet g and the bearing of the spindle N on
the puppet h are open in order that they, after some wear and tear, may be adjusted
so as always to conform to the diameter of the spindles by screwing up the screw-
bolts m³, m³ Figure 2. By this arrangement the glass article will be held on an
immovable axis when being pressed against the grinding face of the stone. The
spindle of the sliding puppet does not hold the base of the glass article by means
of a point but by a caoutchouc button which is placed at the end of the spindle,
and is spherically rounded off at its front part in order to fit well the hollow space
made in the base of the glass article
On the spindle N of the puppet h is placed a dividing or ratchet wheel n, Figures
2 and 3, having the same number of teeth as there are facets to be cut upon or in
the circumference of the glass A double armed lever n¹, Figure 3, placed loosely on
the spindle N carries an adjustable pawl n², which engages with the teeth of the
ratchet-wheel n. By the action of a weight n³ placed upon the upper arm of the
lever n' the lower arın of the said lever is pressed against the edge of a plate o
which may be moved upon the standard O. In withdrawing the glass from the
grindstone, or in moving back the slide H, the upper arm of the lever n¹ produces
an oscillating movement, and by the engagement of the pawl n the ratchet wheel n
is advanced the distance of one tooth. In moving the glass toward the grindstone
by the action of the weight n³ the lever n' will resume its original position, the
pawl n² sliding over the inclined face of the tooth and falling in the adjacent notch
or indentation.
In order that the mechanism for revolving the glass article shall work in an
effective manner, notwithstanding the wear and tear of the grindstone, the plate o
is so arranged that it may be adjusted and fixed by means of the screw o¹ upon the
standard O, whose position may also be regulated on the base plate.
The spindle of the sliding puppet g is prevented from moving in the direction of
its axis by the set screw p, Figure 1. This screw is provided with a point which
rests in a conical hole formed in the end of the said spindle, and thereby facilitates
essentially the revolving of the latter in its bearing.
In moving the glass article toward the grindstone the glass will be perfectly true
on the grinding face as the holding device is arranged to revolve around the points e
and f, when the oscillating axis rests constantly between the end-faces of the grind-
stone, the central position of the oscillating axis must coincide with the central
plane of the grindstone.
From the above description it will be readily understood that the movement of
the slide J must always be less than the width of the stone, and if narrow stones
are used the movement will be less than when employing stones of greater width.
The position of the axis of the glass holding device depends upon the exterior
form of the glass article, and is changed according to the conical shape of the glass,
this device is absolutely necessary for the reason that glass articles of the kind
herein referred to are not regular bodies, and are very difficult to mount in relation

page_text: to the rotation of their circumference. Such articles are not generally round, their
longitudinal axis very seldom forming a straight line, and even glasses of the samo
description deviate very considerably one from another in their conical shape.
If micans were not provided to enable the glass article itself to automatically take
up the correct position in front of the grindstone according to its exterior form it
would be necessary to regulate the position of the glass object at the cutting of
cach separate facet to prevent the wall of the glass article being entirely cut through
at different points.
In mounting the glass article upon the device constructed according to this Inven-
tion the facets will no longer be cut in a circle concentric to the axis of revolution
of the fixed glass article but in a line running parallel with that of the natural
sectional line of the glass.
At the moment when the facet to be cut on the circumference of the glass has
obtained its desired depth the glass is automatically withdrawn from the grindstone
in the following manner, that is to say:-
As soon as a facet is cut nearly to its proper depth the point of an adjusting
screw q, Figure 2, arranged in close proximity to the grindstone and at the left
hand side of the same touches the circumference of the glass article at the point
where the end of the facet joins the circumference of the glass. It follows therefore
that at the commencement of the cutting operation the point of the screw is out of
contact with the circumference of the glass and is separated therefrom at a distance
about equal to the depth of the facet. Although the circumference of the article
may be mathematically cylindrical, conical, or conoidal or not perfectly regular as
is in reality always the case, the depth of the facet will constantly be determined
by the circumference alone, and measured from the latter and not according to tho
diameter. Therefore all the facets will receive an equal depth and consequently
an equal width, even if the glass article in the blowing may have received a flattened
form. If the depth of the facet were determined from the centre of rotation all the
facets would receive an unequal depth and an unequal width. The said holding
device is also advantageously employed when the glass does not rotate perfectly
true around its geometrical axis. The adjusting-screw above referred to is placed
on the short arm of a double armned lover.
As soon as the facet is cut to its proper depth, measured from the circumferenco
of the glass, that is to say, when the point of the adjusting screw is pressed
towards the axis of the grindstone by the circumference of the glass which it
begins to touch at the end of the cutting, this slight motion is increased by the
long arm of the said double armed lever; this increased motion is employed to
cause a current from an electric battery to operate. By closing the circuit or
establishing this current the electro-magnet y, Figures 1, 3, and 4, is caused to
attract the armature which oscillates upon the points of the adjusting screws
9', q', Figure 4. In consequence of this motion the upper arm of the said armature
brings the head plates of the piece S, Figure 4, oscillating on the arm S¹, within
the reach of the excentric P. When the shaft D revolves the front part of the
arm S' oscillating upon the bolt a¹ is lowered by the excentric P, and the rear part
is thereby raised. By this means the lever S² fixed on the shaft T beneath the
base plate A, and connected with the oscillating arm S₁ by means of the chain &°
and an adjustable screw spindle &², is thereby also raised. During this ascending
motion of the lever S the lever S³, whose forked-end embraces the pin &³ connected
with the slide H, is moved, thereby withdrawing the slide H, together with the
mounted glass article from the grindstone.
As the glass-holding device can revolve about the points e and f I arrange at
the left hand side of the slide H. an adjustable bar t, Figures 2 and 3, the bent
part of which serves in withdrawing the slide H from the stone as a stop for the
cross-piece L when the mechanism for turning the mounted glass vessel is put into
action. This bar may be moved in the guides t¹ and t³, Figure 3, attached to the
slide H, and held therein by means of adjusting screws. The said bar carries an
adjustable collar (³, Figure 3, having a pin s³ which fits into the forked enb of the

page_text: lever S³. When the shaft D has made one half of a revolution the glass is brought
to its extreme position, and the lower end of the oscillating arm n³, Figure 3, has
in the meantime come in contact with the plate o and produced an oscillation
around its axis. As the pawl n³ is in gear with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel n
the glass vessel is thereby advanced in its rotation the distance of one tooth, where-
upon the slide H is again brought near the grindstone by the counter-weight placed
upon the lever S³, this being produced while the shaft Ď is making the second half
of its revolution.
During the withdrawal of the slide from the stone the electric current has been
again interrupted, the point of the screw q no longer touching the circumference of
the glass vessel. For this reason the electro magnet loses its attraction, and allows
the armature to resume its original position. The said armature in producing this
oscillation causes by its upper end the head plates of the double armed lever S
Oscillating on an axis S¹ to pass out of reach of the excentric P, this movement
being effected at the moment required. Any rotation of the shaft D will then not
influence the head plate 8, consequently a withdrawal of the glass from the grind-
stone will not again take place until the facet is entirely cut. As herein before
mentioned the mounted glass is advanced in its rotation the distance of one tooth
while the slide H is withdrawn from the grindstone.
As soon as the cutting of a new facet is accomplished the same motions as above
described are repeated till all the facets are cut upon the circumference of the glass
article. The mechanism, by means of which the glass article is brought near to
and withdrawn from the grindstone, is then put out of action by stopping
mechanism, which is represented in detail in Figures 5 and 6, and screwed upon
the base plate A to the right of the lever S³.
This mechanism consists of a foot U, in the bearing of which is journalled the
spindle carrying the small hand wheel u and the ratchet wheel u', and provided
with a lever arm us having an adjustable pawl u³ engaging with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel u¹. In moving the lever S³, Figure 5, in the direction of the arrow ],
and thereby withdrawing the glass article from the grindstone, the arm u³ receives:
an oscillating movement from the left to the right on its bolt or spindle from the
pin s, which is fastened on the lever S³. By reason of the pawl engaging with
the ratchet wheel u¹ the latter is revolved the distance of one tooth in the direction
of the arrow 2. On the return movement of the lever S the arm u² is caused to
assume its original position by the action of a counterweight us, the pawl us sliding
over a tooth and engaging with the following one These motions are repeated
until the last facet is cut on the glass; the lever Ss is then prevented from moving
towards the grindstone by the arm w¹, Figure 6. For this purpose the inclined
face of each tooth of the ratchet wheel u¹ is provided with a screw threaded hole
to permit the screwing up of a small plate v, the bevelled edge of which projects
over the front face of the said ratchet-wheel.
In withdrawing the lever S³ from the grindstone the bevelled edge of this small
plate operates on the projection v¹ of the blade-spring was soon as all the facets
are cut on the glass. When the various parts of the stopping mechanism are in
the position shewn in Figure 5 the bevelled edge of the plate v is in the position in
which it commences to press upon the projection of the spring w.
By this arrangement the end of the said spring presses against the free end of
the arm w pivotted upon the pin w³. After the lever S has reached its extreme
position the said arm occupies a position in front of the said lever to prevent it
from moving again toward the grindstone; the glass article is therefore auto-
matically held away from the grindstone as soon as all the facets are cut.
When commencing to cut the facets the small plate v must be placed upon that
tooth which stands as many teeth back from the projection of the spring was
there are facets to be cut upon the glass vessel, consequently this plate must be
placed upon a different tooth of the ratchet wheel whenever a greater or smaller
number of facets is to be produced. The small hand wheel u serves for adjusting
the ratchet wheel u'.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,-
First. A machine for cutting glass vessels or articles consisting of the parts con-
structed, combined, and operating as above described and as represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination of the grooved disc D', the oscillating arm J", and the
connecting bar J' with the slide J for moving the glass vessel or article parallel to
the axis of the grindstone, as above set forth.
Third. The glass-holding device capable of oscillating horizontally upon a vertical
or approximately vertical axis to adapt it to the external form of the glass vessel
or object to be cut, and to press the latter in a perfectly true manner against the
grindstone, as above set forth.
Fourth. The glass-holding device consisting of the parts shewn in the accoin-
panying Drawings in combination with the chuck, constructed as described witb
reference to Figure 7, and the mechanism for revolving the mounted glass vessel,
which mechanism is placed near the puppet h, and may be adapted to grindstones
of different sizes by displacing the plate o upon the standard O, as above set
forth.
Fifth. The employment in glass cutting machines of an electro-magnet in com-
bination with the devices above described for establishing and interrupting an
electrical current to bring into action the mechanism which withdraws the glass
vessel or object from the grindstone as soon as all the facets are cut thereon to their
proper depth, as above set forth.
Sixth. The arrangement and combination of the levers S¹, S3, and S³, and the
excentric P for moving the glass vessel or object in a normal direction to the axis
of the stone, and operated in the other direction by the effect produced by an
electrical current, as above set forth and for the purpose specified.
Seventh. The stopping mechanism constructed substantially as above described
with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Willian Robert Lake, have hercunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
W. ROB. LAKE. (L.S.)