IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING BARYTA AND ITS SALTS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Kuczynski, of No. 46, Rue de Rivoli, in the
City of Paris and Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING BARYTA AND ITS SALTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Kuczyński at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
May 1854.
I, JOSEPH KUCZYNSKI, of No. 46, Rue de Rivoli, in the City of Paris, and
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING BARYTA AND ITS SALTS" to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the manufacture of salts of baryta it has been usual to reduce
sulphate of baryta to sulphide by heating with charcoal, but as these materials
do not pass into a state of fusion the reaction is imperfect. Now, according
to my Invention, I mix the sulphate of baryta and charcoal with chloride of
sodium or other suitable salt, and this mixture when heated becomes fused, and
thus a much more perfect reaction is obtained; and in place of being compelled
to allow the materials to cool in the furnace, I ain enabled to run the compound
from the furnace, and thus a saving both of time and fuel is effected. The
sulphide of barium thus obtained is dissolved in water, and may be reduced to
the caustic state by boiling with oxide of zinc or other metallic oxide. The
hydrate of baryta may be converted into carbonate by the action of carbonic

page_text: acid gas. The acetate of baryta may be employed in dyeing and printing as a
substitute for acetate of lead.
The borate and other salts of baryta may be used in the manufacture of
glass in place of similar salts of lead.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Kuczynski in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
KUCZYNSKI, of. No. 46; Rue de Rivoli, in the City of Paris, and Empire of
France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent-Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant into me, the
said Joseph Kuczynski, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Kuczynski,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Kuczynski, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
BARYTA AND ITS SALTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Kuczynski, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Kuczynski, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say):--
Heretofore in the manufacture of salts of baryta it has been usual "tó
reduce sulphate of baryta to sulphide by heating with charcoal, but as these
materials do not pass into a state of fusion the reaction is imperfect.
Now, according to my Invention, I mix the sulphate of baryta and charcoal
with chloride of sodium or other suitable salt, and this mixture when heated

page_text: becomes fused, and thus a much more perfect reaction is obtained; and in place
of being compelled to allow the materials to cool in the furnace, I am enabled
to run the compound from the furnace, and thus a saving both of time and
fuel is effected. The sulphite of barium thus obtained is dissolved in water,
and may be reduced to the caustic state by boiling with oxide of zinc or other
metallic oxide. The hydrate of baryta may be converted into carbonate by the
action of carbonic acid gas. The acetate of baryta may be employed in dyeing
and printing as a substitute for acetate of lead. The borate and other salts
of baryta may be used in the manufacture of glass in place of similar salts of
lead.
And in order that my said Invention inay be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe more fully the manner in
which I prefer to operate.
One hundred parts of the native sulphate of 'baryta, when crushed and
ground to powder, are mixed with about fifteen parts of charcoal, also in
powder, and with two hundred parts of common 'salt. The mixture 1S
rendered as uniform as possible and well dried, which may be conveniently
done by the waste heat from the furnace, in which (when the drying is com-
plete) the fusion is to be effected. For this purpose I employ, by preference,
a reverberatory furnace, on the bed of which the dried inaterials are placed,
and the heat is maintained until complete fusion is effected and until all evolu-
tion of gas from the fused materials.has ceased'; but I would remark, that the
application of too high a heat should be avoided, as it is only necessary that
the materials should remain for a sufficient time in a state of fusion.
I have found it convenient in this process, as soon as fusion commences, and
as contraction takes place in the bulk of the materials in the furnace, to add
from time to time more and 1 more of the dried mixture, so as to keep. the
furnace about three quarters full; by thus frequently charging the furnace all
sudden evolution of gas is avoided, and the furnace bed is ultimately sufficiently
filled with fused materials, which (when gas is no longer given off') are run into
a bed of sand, where they cool and solidify into a mass, which consists of
sulphide of barium mixed with common salt; of this substance a solution is
made in a wooden vessel, in which is contained coils of steam pipes for heating
the water, so as to obtain as concentrated a solution as possible, which is then
allowed to settle, and the clear solution is drawn off into another wooden vessel,
also heated by steam pipes. In this vessel it is mixed with an atomic propor-
tion or a little more of oxide of zinc or oxide of copper, and boiled until all the
sulphide of barium is decomposed, which is to be ascertained by testing with a
solution of a salt of lead.

page_text: When the decomposition is complete, the black sulphuret of zinc or copper
is allowed to settle, and the clear solution of hydrate of baryta is run into
another vessel where carbonic acid gas is passed through it, until all the baryta
is precipitated. This gas I prefer to obtain by the combustion of coal or char-
coal, but it may be otherwise obtained. The carbonate of baryta thus formed.
is allowed to settle, and the supernatent liquor (which is a solution of common
salt) run off. The carbonate is then washed with water and dried, and from
it other salts of baryta may be manufactured in the ordinary manner. By
roasting, the sulphuret of zinc or copper, formed in the process as above
mentioned, may again be reduced to the state of oxide, so as again to be fit to
decompose sulphite of barium, and by evaporating the solution from which the
carbonate of baryta has been separated, the common salt may be recovered.
I would remark, that in place of precipitating the baryta with carbonic acid,
it may, if required, be crystallized out of the solution by evaporation, as it is
much less soluble than common salt.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the exact details described; but what I claim is, the mixing chloride of sodium
or other suitable salt with sulphate of baryta and charcoal, so as to obtain a
fusible compound.
In witness whereof; I, the said Joseph Kuczynski, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
T. BASSET.
J. KUCZYNSKI. (L.S.)