matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO LAMPS FOR BURNING BENZOLINE AND SIMILAR SPIRITUOUS FLUIDS, AND IN PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF INFLAMMABLE VAPOURS FROM LAMPS OR OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING SUCH FLUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Roby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd December 1878.
GEORGE ROBY, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
APPERTAINING TO LAMPS FOR BURNING BENZOLINE AND SIMILAR SPIRITUOUS FLUIDS,
AND IN PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF INFLAMMABLE VAPOURS FROM LAMPS OR OTHER
VESSELS CONTAINING SUCH FLUIDS."
In this Invention the vessel that contains the benzoline and from which it issues
to the flame is made airtight in every part except at the open end of the tube that
contains the wick so as to leave no communication between the illuminating sub-
stance and the outside air, and so that there can be no escape of vapour except into
the body of the flame. This principle may be developed in two forms of lamps, one
having its advantage in the quality of the light produced, and the other in its
economy in the consumption of burning fluid. One of my lamps is fitted with a
perforated burner, but if air is admitted to any part of this lamp or if there is any
escape of vapour from it below the burner, the volume and brilliancy of its light
will be instantly diminished.
In my other form of lamp the tube that is attached to the vessel may be of the
same width throughout, and a narrow loose tube may be formed of about half the
length of the tube that is attached to the vessel; the wick is passed through this
small tube and knotted at each end of it; one end of the wick is passed through the
wide tube into the lamp and then the narrow tube is allowed to fall down the wide
tube but not to pass out of it. The knot in the wick above the small tube prevents
the wick from falling into the lamp. The knot below the small tube enables the wick
and the small tube to be drawn up out of the wide tube so that the lamp can be
regulated at the open end of the tube. In order to prevent the escape of vapour
from this lamp when it is not burning I construct a small vessel or chamber having
a passage through it through which the tube of the lamp may be passed so that it
may rest on the vessel that contains the benzoline. This chamber must be con-
structed in such a manner that when it is half filled with water the fluid will not
run out of it in whatever position the vessel is fixed. The tube of the lamp is fitted

page_text: with a cover having a deep rim, the lower end of which dips below the water in the
chamber, thus forming a lute through which vapour from the lamp cannot pass.
This chamber and cover may be attached together by suitable fastenings, and they
may be used to prevent the escape of vapour from the necks of bottles or vessels
containing spirits intended for the use of the lamp.
MENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1878. A communication
from abroad by Pompée Ravanelli, of Milan, in the Kingdom of Italy.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
IMPROVE-
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
MENTS IN GAS BURNERS." A communication from abroad by Pompée Ravanelli, of
Milan, in the Kingdom of Italy.
"
The improvements consist in the application of a cover or covers of metallic
gauze to a glass or other tubular chimney, which may be fitted on any ordinary
burner, and thus economizing the consumption of gas by the proper admixture of
air.
The gauze cover may consist of an upper and lower disc joined by wires; or a
wire cup or dome may be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILKY-TINTED GLASS."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Kempner, of Goerlitz, German Empire, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MILKY-TINTED
GLASS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Kempner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1878.
JOSEPH KEMPNER, of Goerlitz, German Empire.
MANUFACTURE OF MILKY-TINTED GLASS:"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
These improvements refer to the production of milky, alabaster-like, or milk-
coloured glass, and aim at substitutes for cryolith and other means for producing
opaqueness such as tin oxyde and phosphate of lime.
For this purpose I use combinations of felspar, other felspar-like substances, fluor
spar, and heavy spar Ba SO, or Witherit Ba CO,, as follows:-
Felspar or felspar-like substances 20 to 78%, fluor spar 17 to 60%, and heavy
spar (Witherit) 5 to 40°.
This mixture is generally so regulated that 4 parts by weight of heavy spar or
3.3 parts by weight of Witherit replace 5 parts by weight of soda.or 6¹/ parts by
weight of potash. The addition of heavy spar makes the glass denser and more
brilliant, but the addition of heavy spar must not be too strong as otherwise the
glass becomes too dense and a certain amount of alkali necessarily must be left in
the mixture.
For 100 parts by weight of the mixture there are added:-
--
10 to 70 parts by weight of soda of a high degree of strength ·

page_text: Also here it is recommended to keep the amount of soda stationary and to
regulate the greater or less fluidity by increase of decrease of the additional mixture.
The milky glass produced with heavy spar has also the advantage of a greater light
refraction.
Glass made in this manner is white and milky at once, needs seldom or never
reheating, and is therefore very suitable for milky glass.
In all cases I add the usual means for discolouration, and besides wood charcoal
with 5 to 6% of the heavy spar. When employing Witherit the application of
charcoal is not necessary.

page_text: JOSEPH KEMPNER. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED UNIVERSAL JOINT FOR PIPES USED FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER, STEAM, GAS, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Barlow, Walter Iden, and
Henry Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April
1878.
ALFRED BARLOW, of Tonge, and WALTER IDEN and HENRY MILLS, both of Chad-
derton, all in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED UNIVERSAL JOINT FOR
PIPES USED FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF WATER, STEAM, GAS, AND OTHER
FLUIDS."
The object of the first part of this Invention is to dispense in a great measure
with the use of flexible hose pipes in connection with the stand pipes used in mills,
factories, warehouses, and other places for extinguishing firo and for other purposes,
such as washing windows, floors, and so forth.
The Invention consists in providing the end of the stand pipe or main with a
kind of universal joint (herein-after described), on to which joint the branches or
jet pipo may be screwed direct, without the intervention of any flexible hose what-
ever; at the same time that lengths of flexible hose pipe may be added at any time
when it is found necessary in order to reach distant parts of the building. On to
the end of the main or stand pipe we screw the larger end of a hollow conical plug,
which is closed at the smaller end, and is provided with two side openings. Outside
this (and so as to be able to turn thereon) we fit a conical socket having a circular
chamber all round the plug, and to the end of the socket we screw the branch or
jet pipe.
It will be seen that the branch or jet pipe can be turned round on the plug so as
to radiate in any direction, either horizontally or vertically, according to the position
of the conical plug.
If we wish the branch pipe to be movable, both vertically and horizontally, we
then have two of the conical plug joints above described, one at each end of a short
pipe, which is bent or curved to a right angle; or we cast a second hollow conical
plug at the side of the conical socket, and fit a second conical socket thereon.
As a modification of the above we inake the conical plug with an annular recess
all round (instead of casting or forming the circular recess or chamber in the interior
of the conical socket), and we connect this annular recess by means of openings

page_text: with the hollow interior of the conical plug. By this means we effect a very con-
siderable economy in the weight of the metal required, and also decrease the bulk,
and improve the appearance of the joint.
It will be evident that universal joints made according to either of the above-
described modifications are equally applicable to all pipes used for the conveyance of 5
water, steam, gas, or other fluids where it is desirable to employ such joints.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DIES OR MOULDS EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR The ManufACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, QUARRIES, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES FORMED OF PLASTIC CLAY
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Barnett Ensor, of West Bromwich, in the
County of Stafford, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE DIES OR MOULDS EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR The ManufACTURE OF
BRICKS, TILES, QUARRIES, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES FORMED OF PLASTIC
CLAY."
Sealed the 1st April 1879, and dated the 12th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Barnett Ensor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1878.
WILLIAM BARNETT ENSOR, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Iron-
founder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DIES OR MOULDS EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, QUARRIES, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
FORMED OF PLASTIC CLAY."
This Invention refers to the construction of a self-lubricating die or mould
designed to afford a more perfect and smoother passage of the clay whilst travelling
through the mould in a continuous mass. With this view I form a die or mould of
double construction, one as usual of cast iron, the outer die or mould, and a second
or inner one of gun metal by preference, between these two dies or moulds is
left a jacket or space for the lubricant, which is allowed to dribble into the inner
die or mould by minute ducts at any suitable point, and by this arrangement the
inside surface of the inner mould or die is kept perfectly lubricated. Further, to
insure a perfectly square and sharp section of the clay as it emerges from the die
the mouth of the die at top and bottom is fitted with a curved guard, as in practise
I find that the clay passing through a die with square end is not regular, the speed
of travelling of the centre portion being rather more rapid than the side parts.

page_text: WILLIAM BARNETT ENSOR. (L.S.)
Improvements in Flyers and Arrangements for Drawing Yarn from the same for Spinning and Doubling all Fibres
Year: 1878

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Unsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1878.
THOMAS UNSWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster
IN FLYERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
On the 22nd day of October 1874 I applied for and in due course obtained
Letters Patent for "Improvements in Flyers and Arrangements for Drawing Yarn
from the same for Spinning and Doubling all Fibres."
My present Invention consists of a further improvement, but of the flyer only.
The flyer as made there consists of two eyelet legs and two or more plain straight
legs round which the yarn is passed. I now find that when that flyer runs at a
very great speed the yarn is liable to and does run up the plain leg or legs and slip
over the top end, thereby causing slack places in the yarn, and where such occurs
great damage is done to the work.
My present Invention embraces my flyer as therein specified in all its parts
except the top ends of the plain legs therein described; they are straight and made
a little longer than the bobbin. In my present Invention I make these legs with a
Sinall hook outward, a little shorter than those before mentioned; this hook will serve
the purpose of keeping the yarn on these legs; a consequent greater speed can be
attained without the liability of the yarn slipping off.
Annexed herewith is a Sheet of Drawings. The letters A, B, C, and D show the
main parts of my before-mentioned patent flyer and hooks E, E; the present
improvements, which I consider of great value, as by its application I can run at a
much greater speed, and consequently get a larger amount of work done in the
same time.

page_text: And now having described my improved Invention I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim the flyer before mentioned in my former Patent with the
additional hook ends E, E, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Unsworth, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
THOMAS (L.S.) UNSWORTH.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR FASTENING THE MOUTHS OF SACKS AND BAGS FOR GRAIN AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cleary at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1878.
THOMAS CLEARY, of the City and County of New York, in the State of New
York, one of the United States of America. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR
FASTENING THE MOUTHS OF SACKS AND BAGS FOR GRAIN AND OTHER ARTICLES."
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the opening and closing, as well as the
handling of the sacks or bags containing grain or other articles.
According to my Invention I apply at or near the hem or edge of the mouth of
the sack or bag a pair of strips or bars, by preference about half the width of the
sack or bag. These strips or bars are applied by sewing, nailing, rivetting, or
other suitable means on opposite sides of the bag, and are formed with channels or
guide ways for conducting one or more cords, bands, or straps adapted to draw
together the opposite sides of the bags or sacks so as to securely close the mouth of
the same, and at the same time forming the lugs or ears.
The strips or bars are applied opposite to each other, and are by preference formed
with spikes or projections adapted to be received into corresponding holes or
recesses, one within the other, in such manner that when the opposite sides of the
bag are drawn close together by the cord or cords or other drawing means the two
strips or bars shall be interlocked, thereby not only securely closing the bag or sack,
but also presenting a firm holding means for the purpose of lifting or handling the
sack or bag.
The strips or bars may be formed of any suitable. wood, or they may be con-
structed of cast or wrought metal or other suitable substance or composition.
The mouth of the sack or bag may be secured by simply tying the end or ends
of the cord or cords or other retaining means, or provision may be made by holes,
clasps, or other suitable means for securing the same by locks, seals, or other
devices.

page_text: To better secure the fastening of the strips to the thin material of the bag,
another strip may be placed on the inside, and the fastenings, stitches, rivets, or
other means of securing the bag or sack thereto may extend through both.
Eyelets, grummets, or rings may be applied either in the material of the bag or
sack or externally there to for the cords, bands, or straps to reeve through when
hauled to from the lugs or ears.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING AERATED OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
JOHN TAYLOR, of Oakworth, near Keighley, in the County of York. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES CONTAINING AERATED OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
This Invention relates to internal stoppers for bottles containing aërated water
or other liquids; and the improvements consist in constructing such stoppers of an
oval or acorn shape, or of such a shape as that the middle is wider or of larger
diameter than the ends, so that they will fit the neck of a bottle.
The stoppers are constructed of china, glass, or other hard material, and are
covered with india-rubber or other elastic material.
By means of this Invention bottles containing these stoppers are not damaged
by shaking about, as is the case with stoppers without india-rubber, or only
partially covered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES AND IN'EXTRACTORS THEREFOR."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1878. A communication from
abroad by Hippolyte Aristide Adolphe Chaudun, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES AND IN'EXTRACTORS THEREFOR." A
communication from abroad by Hippolyte Aristide Adolphe Chaudun, of Paris, in
the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to an improved construction of the base of cartridges, and
to an improved instrument to be used for extracting the spent cartridges or cases,
and it consists in forming in the base of the cartridge one or more cavities of a
suitable shape, and in the employment of an extractor detached or separate from
the gun, and having a projection or projections, which are inserted in the said
cavities in order to facilitate the withdrawal of the cartridge case from the breech
by the act of the operator moving the said extractor thus engaged with the case.
The Invention is applicable both to central-fire cartridges and pin-fire cartridges.
In the case of central-fire cartridges, the cartridge case is provided with, say, two
recesses in its base formed during the process of stamping out the cartridge case,
and terminating in two small cylindrical holes drilled out at an angle to the base,
and inclined in opposite directions.
The cartridge extractor is provided with two small hooked projections inclined in
opposite directions, so as to enable it to lay hold of the base of the cartridge by
inserting the said hooked projections in the cavities in the base of the cartridge, and
causing it to turn upon its axis while drawing it out of the barrel of the gun.
When the Invention is applied to pin-fire cartridges, the base of the cartridge
is formed during the process of stamping out with an elongated hole, and the end
of the extractor is made of a peculiar shape, somewhat resembling a flattened screw,
being formed of a flattened piece of metal of the same size and shape in cross
section as the hole in the base of the cartridge, but having portions cut away
forming notches in its edges, so as to admit of its being turned one quarter round
after it has been inserted in the said hole in order to cause the notches to engage

page_text: with the sides of the hole, and enable the extractor to draw the cartridge out of the
barrel of the gun.
It is evident that in lieu of two or more holes, or of only one hole, a recess of an
elliptical shape may be formed in the base of the cartridge, and an extractor may
then be employed having two points or projections, the distance between which
correspond to the mean diameter of the ellipse, so that by rotating the extractor on
its axis in either direction, the two points will tend to occupy a position upon a
diameter of the ellipse shorter than the mean diameter, thus providing another
mode of enabling the cartridge extractor to be firmly connected to the base of the
cartridge at a given moment by a wedging action.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PENHOLDERS, PENCIL CASES, AND PENCILS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Just Larne at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 11th November 1878.
JUST LARNE, Engineer, of London, 29, Percival Street, Clerkenwell. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PENHOLDERS, PENCIL CASES, AND PENCILS."
These improvements relate to the association of a thermometer either to the pen-
holders, whatever may be theirs shapes, or the metal or other suitable material in
use for such fabrication.
I place the thermometer in a groove and its ball in a proper recess made by cutting
off, or sawing, drilling, stamping the material or metal chosen for manufacturing.
I may also, if required, protect the thermometer's ball and its tube by a rotating
or sliding shield or sheath.
I may also fix the thermometer's scale behind its tube, or by one side, or by each
sides; this scale could be made by engraving the thermometer's tube itself or the
materials of the penholders, & pencils case, & pencils; this scale may be made also
by printing separates scales fixed upon them with any suitable means.
Instead of placing the thermometer into a groove it is optional to make a hole
in the center or excenter of the penholders & pencils, thus making a slot for the
sight of the thermometer's ball and tube; also in making these articles with slotted
tubes fit inside theirs thermometers and make the handles of the penholders &
pencils cases with the thermometer's tube itself, that part being big enough for
that purpose, and its scale engraved or made by any proper means described as
above.
It is obvious that for insert a thermometer in wood pencils of common sises the
blacklead or coloured substance ought to be made shorter than usual, but the pencils
cases may hold full length, the hole receiving the substances being a little eccentric
in its way near the thermometer.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COURSE CORRECTOR FOR STEAM AND SAILING SHIPS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthew Augustus Soul, of No. 80a, Fenchurch Street, in
the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
COURSE CORRECTOR FOR STEAM AND SAILING SHIPS." A communication from
abroad by Robert Bain, of Gibraltar, Master Mariner.
Sealed the 23rd July 1878, and dated the 24th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthew Augustus Soul at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1878.
MATTHEW AUGUSTUS SOUL, of No. 80a, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COURSE CORRECTOR FOR STEAM AND
SAILING SHIPS." A communication from abroad by Robert Bain, of Gibraltar,
Master Mariner.
The object of this Invention is, as set forth in the title, the construction of an
instrument which shall at all times when in use correctly indicate the course of the
ship or vessel upon which it is applied, either the true course or the magnetic course
as may be desired.
:
The Invention consists in making a compass dial in the reverse manner to that
upon which it is at present constructed; that is to say, if an ordinary dial were
laid upside down the North and South would occupy the same positions, but the East
and West and all intermediate degrees would be exactly reversed. Such dial is hung
in gimbols in the usual way, or fixed with thumbscrews, as may be desired.
Centrically on the dial is a hole or recess, in which a style, shaft, or pointer of con-
venient height is fixed when it is desired to make use of the sun's light. In use
the shadow of this style falls across the dial, and thus indicates the true course.
In using this instrument take azimuth tables, such, for example, as Burdwood's,
and find the sun's true azimuth bearing, place the same on the ship's head, then the
shade of the style will fall correctly on the true course the ship is making.
1

page_text: To find the magnetic course allow Easterly variation to the right and Westerly
variation to the left, and put the sun's true bearing on the variation point, or place
the magnetic bearing of the sun to the ship's head, and the shadow will give the
magnetic course the ship is making.
To find the course the ship is making by any other object, such as a star or
two lights, I substitute for the style a vertical shaft or rod, provided with a fork piece,
carrying in bearings a cross piece, carrying at each end a sighting piece or sights.
This cross piece may be elevated or deflected as may be required. The vertical
shaft or rod carries also a pointer, and this pointer may be moved round and placed
in any desired position upon the dial of instrument. In finding the ship's course
place the bearings upon the ship's head, then the bearing of the object, star, or lights,
or otherwise, will be the course the ship is making.
It will be necessary to allow for variation when taking the Pole star, and if the
same be off the meridian East, West; also to read A.M. bearings for South to North
round by the West point, and reverse for post meridian..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR CUTTING GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Peregrin Wilhelm, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR CUTTING GRAIN AND OTHER MATERIALS."
A communication from abroad by Peregrin Wilhelm, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria.
This machine is intended to be employed for rough grinding or cutting wheat or
other substances, which are ground in such a manner that the bran is affected as
little as possible, and only a small quantity of flour formed.
The cutting apparatus consists of any number of cutting steel discs fixed at equal
distances one from the other on a common shaft, and provided with sharp-edged
perforations which take hold of the grain or other material to be cut, and cut the
same, in consequence of the revolution of the cutting discs moving towards the
cutting edges of steel blades fixed obliquely on cast-iron partition walls. The said
steel blades have elongated holes, and can therefore be adjusted so as to be approached
to or removed from the cutting discs, thereby causing the grain to be bruised more
or less fine. These steel blades may be fixed on brackets by screws or otherwise.
The hopper is provided with an adjusting slide actuated by a hand wheel, cog
wheel, and rack, or any equivalent contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW CLEANERS, AVOIDING ACCIDENTS IN CLEANING WINDOWS OF THE UPPER STORIES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustave Dittmar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1878. A communication from
Ludowika Muller, of Dresden, Saxony.
GUSTAVE DITTMAR, of Berlin, Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW CLEANERS,
AVOIDING ACCIDENTS IN CLEANING WINDOWS OF THE UPPER STORIES." [A com-
munication from Ludowika Muller, of Dresden, Saxony.]
In order to prevent the great number of accidents which happen in taking out.
the window sash in order to clean the glass panes, as well as in mounting upon
the exterior window sill for the said purpose, an instrument is employed which
enables the servants to polish the windows from within, so that the persons
polishing need not expose their lives to the danger of falling into the streets.
A long stick is provided at the top with a chuck, which receives on one side a
metal cup, and on the other side a square wooden plate. The metal cup is intended
to hold a sponge; it is made of brass and chased into a bulged form, and a number
of cuts (made with a saw or the edge of a flat file) reach from the border to about
half its height. The disengaged parts act as springs, and yield when the moistened
sponge is pressed into the cup, which they afterwards hold and prevent its falling
out. The wooden plate is provided with a soft cushion covered with a soft polishing
leather. A wood screw unites the parts, forming thereby a knee, which can be
longer or shorter, as may be required, and this wood screw secures at the same time
the stick, which is stuck into a hole bored in the chuck; this stick also can be
longer or shorter.
When this window cleaner is to be used the sponge has to be taken out, soaked
with water, spirit, or any other liquid, and is replaced into the metal
cup; then
the windows may be washed with the protruding part of the sponge, the long stick

page_text: being of especial advantage for the upper window panes in rendering it unnecessary
to step out upon the exterior sill.
After the washing with the sponge the polisher may be covered with a clean
cloth to dry the window panes, and finally the window panes may be polished with
the leather cushion:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING WOOLLEN, COTTON, SILK, WORSTED, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elkanah Clarke and Thomas Crabtree
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1878.
ELKANAH CLARKE, of Arthur Street, off Bury Road, Loom Jobber, and THOMAS
CRABTREE, of Cut Gate, within Rochdale, Loom Jobber, both in the County of
Lancaster. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS RELATING TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING WOOLLEN,
COTTON, SILK, WORSTED, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
This Invention consists in supplying an improved threading motion applicable to
looms, by which many advantages are derived, dispensing with tappets, jacks, cords,
and treddles at present in use, causing a great saving in the wear and tear in
healds and shuttles, supplying a more easy and regular method of drawing off the
warp and making a far superior cloth both in selvage, general appearance, and
finish than hitherto.
For this purpose we fit or fix to the driving wheel end of the loom on the top
of the driving wheel, a stud, to which is attached a small crank fitted into an
upright working on a stud fixed at the bottom of the loom, at the top of which-is a
rack wheel, which gears into a toothed wheel on the heald roller, now for the
purposes of this Invention put underneath the loom in addition to the top heald
roller as used in ordinary looms at present in use.
On the heald roller we place
four heald straps which are attached to the healds by ordinary wire hooks, which
serve to pull the healds down and thread or form the shred for the shuttle to run
through.
AN IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR CIGAR ASH OR OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Boleslas Henry d'Avigdor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd January 1878.
BOLESLAS HENRY D'AVIGDOR, of Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London.
AN IMPROVED RECEPTACLE FOR CIGAR ASH OR OTHER MATERIAL,"
The object of my Invention is to make a receptacle for cigar ash for use more
particularly in railway carriages, the cushions of which very frequently get injured,
owing to passengers carelessly allowing the ashes from their cigars to fall upon
them.
My receptacle is constructed in such manner that while being conveniently
arranged to receive and retain the ash, it can also be emptied without difficulty.
The receptacle is composed of a back, two cheeks of triangular or quadrant shape,
and a front piece or flap, which latter is hinged to the lower part of the back
immediately below the cheeks, and fits against the incline or curve of the front
edge of the cheeks. A catch secures the upper part of the front piece or flap to one
of the cheeks.
Within the receptacle is an inclined plate extending from the upper part of the
back partly across the receptacle for the purpose of preventing the ash being blown
out by a draught, and above the receptacle is a bar or wire extending from one
cheek to the other.
When a person wishes to remove the ashes from his cigar, he rubs it against the
said bar or wire, and they then drop into the receptacle. At, say, the end of the
day a porter or other attendant goes round to empty the receptacles in the various
carriages, and he has simply at each receptacle to release the catch, when the front
portion of the flap being freed, will by its own weight fall down on its hinge into a
vertical position, or nearly so, and the contents of the receptacle will drop into a box
or receiver held for the purpose. The porter then returns the flap to position when
it will be again held by the catch. The flap should be so hinged to the back as to
offer no obstruction to the fall of the ash when the flap is lowered.
An upward extension of the back has one or more holes to allow the receptacle
to be screwed to the carriage, and any suitable part of the receptacle may be
roughened or otherwise prepared to offer a proper surface for the ignition of fusees
or matches.

page_text: Although my improved receptacle is specially intended for cigar ash, it may
be used for receiving other materials; it may, for example, be employed as a toilet
tidy.
In some cases I form the flap with cheeks to prevent the ash or other material
falling over the sides when the flap is lowered.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Roslington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1878.
WILLIAM ROSLINGTON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My improvements have for their object the production of a felt for hats, cloakings,
and other wearing apparel. I mix or combine feathers with the wool or other
material prior to its being laid on the canvas or felt foundation. In sorting the
feathers I exclude, by preference, the strong quills, and use only down or feathers
of a downy nature. After the feathers have been properly mixed or combined with
wool or other material to be felted, the process of producing the felt may be effected
in the ordinary way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANS- MITTING MOTIVE POWER, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO THE DRIVING OF RECIPROCATING PUMPS AND OTHER LIKE MACHINERY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Powley Alexander at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1878. A communication
from abroad by Charles Auguste Faivre and Ernest Victor Faivre, of the Firm
of Faivre Brothers, of Nantes, in the Republic of France, Engineers.
EDWIN POWLEY ALEXANDER, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANS-
MITTING MOTIVE POWER, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE MORE ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE
TO THE DRIVING OF RECIPROCATING PUMPS AND OTHER LIKE MACHINERY." A
communication from abroad by Charles Auguste Faivre and Ernest Victor Faivre,
of the Firm of Faivre Brothers, of Nantes, in the Republic of France, Engineers.
This Invention relates to a simple mode of transmitting power for the working
of reciprocating pumps and other like machinery wherein a rectilinear reciprocating
motion is required, and consists of a cam groove or its mechanical equivalent formed
round the outer or inner periphery of a solid or hollow cylinder, such groove being
made at various angles or curves to the axis of the cylinder, and having engaged
therein one end of a slide or rod which is guided between fixed guides so as to work
parallel to the axis of the cylinder on imparting a continuous circular motion or a
reciprocating circular motion to the actuating groove or its equivalent, either by a
horse-power lever or other well known mechanical arrangement for imparting
motion to the said grooved cylinder.
The rectilinear reciprocating slide or rod constitutes the piston or plunger rod of
the pump itself, or may be connected therewith. The said inclined groove can be
made to actuate one or any desired number of slides or rods, or may be caused to

page_text: impart a vibrating or oscillating motion to one or more levers connected, either
directly or indirectly, to a pump rod or rods.
In order to reduce the friction and wear and tear of the working parts, the
portion of each slide or rod which engages with the inclined or cam-shaped
actuating groove or its mechanical equivalent should be provided with a loose
sliding block or with an antifriction roller or rollers.
EXTRACTING THE AROMA AND PUNGENCY FROM GINGER WITHOUT EXTRACTING THE RESIN THEREFROM, AND FOR EXTRACTING THE RESINOUS PRINCIPLES FROM ESSENCE OF GINGER, AND FOR DISSOLVING OUT OF OIL ITS UNPALATEABLE PRINCIPLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Parker, of Bridge Street, in the City of York,
Chemist and Druggist, for the Invention of "EXTRACTING THE AROMA AND
PUNGENCY FROM GINGER WITHOUT EXTRACTING THE RESIN THEREFROM, AND
FOR EXTRACTING THE RESINOUS PRINCIPLES FROM ESSENCE OF GINGER, AND FOR
DISSOLVING OUT OF OIL ITS UNPALATEABLE PRINCIPLES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Parker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1878.
THOMAS PARKER, of Bridge Street, in the City of York, Chemist and Druggist.
"EXTRACTING THE AROMA AND PUNGENCY FROM GINGER WITHOUT EXTRACTING
THE RESIN THEREFROM, AND FOR EXTRACTING THE RESINOUS PRINCIPLES FROM
ESSENCE OF GINGER, AND FOR DISSOLVING OUT OF OIL ITS UNPALATEABLE
PRINCIPLES."
This Invention consists of the following processes :-
One. For extracting the aroma and pungency from ginger without extracting the
resin therefrom.
Two. For extracting the resinous principle from essence of ginger.
Three. For dissolving out of oil its unpalatable principles.
Process 1. Macerate with or without heat ginger with sufficient oil to cover well
the ginger. When the aroma and pungency of the ginger are fully extracted, strain
and reject the exhausted ginger. Add to the menstruum spirit of wine, more or
less, according to the strength of the essence required. Shake the menstruum and
spirit well together; allow them to separate. Decant the spirit which has dissolved
out of the oil; the aroma and pungency of the ginger originally abstracted by the
oil out of the ginger. Filter or allow the essence to stand until bright.
Process 2. Macerate or percolate ginger with spirit of wine (the quantity of spirit
regulated according to the strength of essence required) until the ginger is exhausted,
Price 9d1

page_text: then agitate the essence thus obtained with oil. Allow them to separate. Decant
the essence. Filter or allow the essence to stand until bright.
Process 3.-Shake well together oil and spirit of wine. Allow the same to stand
until separation takes place. Draw off the spirituous liquid, which has dissolved
out of the oil its unpalatableness.
N.B.—For the purposes of this Patent oil shall mean all oils and their derivatives,
fats and their derivatives, butters and their derivatives; also wax of every descrip-
tion capable of being used in the above processes.
Spirit of wine means from 40 degrees under proof to absolute alcohol.
Ginger means root and powdered, as well as the growth of all countries.
-Essence means- all-solutions-of-ginger-containing_spirit from 40 degrees_under_
proof to absolute alcohol.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Parker, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of
WM. WILKINSON,
Solicitor,
Saint Helen'sSquare,
York,
THOMAS PARKER. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS These
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lucas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1878.
THOMAS LUCAS, of Newton Heath, in the County of Lancaster.
IN CARDING ENGINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
These improvements relato to a novel method of guaging the distance of the flats
from or their degree of contact with the surfaco of the main carding cylinder, and
which has hitherto been accomplished either by listening to hear when the card
surfaces are in touching contact or by exercising pressure upon the back of the flat
by the hand until the operator perceives by feeling that the two surfaces are in
contact.
Now this Invention consists in the use and application of one or more loose pins
or studs, mounted in suitable holes formed in the flats, one extremity of these pins
being in contact with the back of the clothing of the flat, and the other projecting
through the hole so that the operator by slightly pressing upon these pins or studs
can feel much more sensitively than has hitherto been practicable when the two
card surfaces are sufficiently in contact.
It is preferred that these pins .or studs should occupy different positions in the
various flats so as to obviate any tendency to wear any particular part of the
cylinder by such testing or guaging operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR THE BOBBINS OF THROSTLE FRAMES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Taylor Burrows, of Lille, France.
"
JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN. of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR THE
BOBBINS OF THROSTLE FRAMES." [A communication from abroad by Taylor
Burrows, of Lille, France.]
The breaks which have hitherto been introduced for producing the requisite
friction on the bobbins of throstle frames automatically have acted upon the lower
flanges of the bobbins.
°
Now according to the present Invention the requisite friction is produced within
the central apertures or holes of the bobbins.
One manner in which the Invention may be carried into effect is to place a
spiral or coiled spring around the spindle, sufficient play being left to allow the
spindle to pass freely. This spring is fixed at its lower end to the lifting rail, so
that it cannot turn either with the spindle or with the bobbin.
The spring surrounding the spindle like a sheath does not prevent the bobbin
being placed on the spindle, the central hole of the bobbin being sufficiently
large.
If the turns of the spiral spring are comparatively far apart, the spiral should be
right handed, when the bobbin turns from right to left, and vice versa, but the
direction of the spiral is not important if it is of small pitch, or if the turns are
close together.
Another way of carrying out the Invention is to employ in lieu of the spiral
spring before described a more or less elastic tube screw threaded externally.
Again, another way is to employ a tube split in two or more helical lines;
in this case the tube would act as a break by exerting within the bobbin the
D011

page_text: friction of several flexible plates which would keep the bobbin concentric with the
spindle.
Another way is to have a light tube fixed on the lifting rail, and a spring fixed
outside this tube which gives the necessary friction to the bobbin; the tube being
quite isolated from the spindle prevents any wearing of the spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING BOXES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 7th June 1878. A communication from George
Woolnough and Friedrich Dehne, both resident at Halberstadt, Prussia.
CARL PIEPER, of Dresden, Saxony, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING
BOXES." [A communication from George Woolnough and Friedrich Dehne, both
resident at Halberstadt, Prussia.]
This Invention relates to a moulding box for foundry purposes, which can be
separated from the body of sand containing the mould, so that a number of moulds
may be made by means of a single set of boxes. For this purpose each box is
divided vertically into two, or if preferred, into three or more parts, which are
bolted together, the connecting bolts being, by preference, hinged to one part of the
box, and clasping into the slit of a corresponding lug or flange of the other. After
the said parts have been screwed together the boxes are applied as usual, two or
more of them being placed one on the other, as may be required for the pattern to
be moulded.
The walls of the improved boxes are made concave or convex, or angular in
section, or they are provided with ledges so as to prevent the sand from falling out
when they are lifted. After the mould has been finished the screw bolts which
connect the parts of the boxes together are released, whereupon the said parts are
drawn off sideward from the body of the sand, either singly or in a set. The sand
is thereupon loaded with weights or pieces of iron, &c., as usual.
For the purpose of preventing the mould from being damaged while being thus
loaded, the top edge of the body of sand may be secured by a ring of hoop iron or
other suitable material, made to fit properly around it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN VENT VALVES FOR CASKS OR BARRELS CONTAINING LIQUORS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rhodes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1878. (A communication from
abroad by Taylor Burrows, of Lille, in the Department of Nord, in the Republic
of France.)
JAMES RHODES, of Horsforth, near Leeds, in the County of York. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VENT VALVES FOR CASKS OR BARRELS CONTAINING LIQUORS." (A com-
munication from abroad by Taylor Burrows, of Lille, in the Department of Nord, in
the Republic of France.)
This arrangement of vent valve is destined to facilitate the automatic introduction
of air into barrels or casks in proportion to the measure or amount of liquid passing
therefrom, and in this manner avoids the contact of the exterior air with the liquid
and consequent fermentation of the same.
The construction is as follows:-
The upper portion of the apparatus consists of a valve box and the lower part of a
hollow screwed plug, by preference tapered.
In the bottom of the valve box is provided a hole or holes which are covered by a
valve of india-rubber or other suitable substance; the lift of this valve is regulated
by a screwed cover or other convenient means.
The plug of the valve box is screwed into the top of the barrel or cask, or into
the bung. When the liquor is drawn from the barrel or cask at the tap or cock
there is a tendency to form a vacuum in the interior of the barrel or cask; in this
case the external atmospheric pressure causes the air to pass into the valve box
through the opening in the bottom thereof, lifting up thereby the valve which covers
the hole or holes; the air then passes down the hollow tube or peg into the interior
of the barrel or cask.
When the drawing of the liquor ceases the valve at once falls and covers the hole
or holes, preventing any escape of air or gases from the interior.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Spencer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1878.
JOSEPH SPENCER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING FEED WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS."
The object of this Invention is to utilize the heat contained in the exhaust steam
of steam engines, which I propose to do by employing the said exhaust steam as a
medium for heating the feed water previous to its entering the boiler.
For this purpose I make use of an exhaust pipe of larger diameter than usual,
and I place the feed pipe in the interior thereof, the said feed pipe being so much
smaller in diameter as to leave sufficient room in the exhaust pipe for the free
passage of steam.
In its passage through the exhaust pipe the water is heated by
the exhaust steam, the temperature attained being dependant on the pressure of
steam and the distance which the water travels through the exhaust pipe.