Year: 1898

page_text: I, ARTHUR JOHN MARTIN, of Bradninch House, Exeter, in the County of Devon,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
The object of this invention is to so construct a valve that it will be caused
to close gradually, and so prevent the jar or concussion which would occur if it
were closed suddenly.
In carrying out this invention, I provide a small chamber containing a piston
mounted on the valve spindle, into which chamber liquid is admitted, preferably
through a check valve, while the valve is being opened, and from which it can
escape only through a small orifice, which may be an annular space around the
valve spindle. Since the valve cannot be closed without displacing the liquid
from under the piston in this chamber, the closing will be regulated by the rate
at which such liquid is permitted to escape through the orifice, and this will
naturally depend upon the size of the latter. The closing will thus be gradual and
shock will be prevented.
Instead of employing a piston mounted upon the valve spindle, and working
in the chamber, so as to drive out the water from the latter through a small orifice
by the action of closing the valve, the valve spindle may be continued and act as
a plunger working within the chamber, so that the valve spindle itself may serve
to drive out the water admitted to such chamber while the valve is being opened,
through the small orifice or space provided for the purpose, during the action of
closing the valve.
Deted this 20th day of inril 1808
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, ARTHUR JOHN MARTIN, of Bradninch House, Exeter, in the County of Devon,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to so construct a valve that it will be caused
to close gradually, and so prevent the jar or concussion which would occur if it
were closed suddenly.
In carrying out this invention, I provide a small chamber containing an

page_text: extension of the valve or valve spindle or a piston mounted on the valve spindle,
into which chamber liquid is admitted, preferably through a check valve, while the
valve is being opened, and from which it can escape only through a small orifice,
which may be an annular space around the valve spindle. Since the valve cannot
be closed without displacing the liquid from this chamber, the closing will be
regulated by the rate at which such liquid is permitted to escape through the
orifice, and this will naturally depend upon the size of the latter. The closing will
thus be gradual and shock will be prevented.
But in order that my invention may be fully understood I will proceed to
describe same by the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section showing a suitable means of applying the
invention to a large valve.
Fig. 2 a longitudinal section of a bib cock with a vertical spindle with the
invention applied thereto.
Fig. 3 a longitudinal section of a bib-cock with a horizontal spindle with the
invention applied thereto.
Figs. 4 and 5 are vertical sectional views of valves showing modifications in the
manner of applying my invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, the valve stem A is extended below the valve and carries
a piston B moving within a chamber C. When the valve A is lifted liquid is
admitted to the chamber C through an opening D. When the valve A is closed
the liquid is prevented by a check valve E from passing through this opening D,
and can only escape through a small orifice F provided for the purpose in the
piston as shown, or through the wall of the chamber. As an alternative the
piston may fit so loosely in the chamber as to leave an annular space through which
liquid may escape. By making such orifice or annular space sufficiently small the
valve A may be made to close as gradually as may be desired.
The bib cock shown in Fig. 2 is in its essential figures similar to the valve shown
in Fig. 1, and the same letters are employed to indicate similar parts.
In Fig. 3 instead of a piston on the valve stem, the valve A has a hollow exten-
sion A through which the water passes entering by openings a near the valve. The
part A2 of this extension furthest from the valve is smaller than the rest, so
that the space around the extension is increased when the valve is opened, and
reduced when the valve is closed. On the opening of the valve A liquid enters
through the openings a to fill the space; and when the valve is being closed the
liquid is expelled from this space either through a special opening, or through the
annular space surrounding the extension A¹ of the valve.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 4 the flow of liquid through the opening is
checked before the valve A reaches its seat, by means of an extension of the valve a
moving within the valve opening or seat. Such extension may be tapered, or it
may be cylindrical and cut across obliquely; or it may as shown have an opening
or openings Y cut in its side. In the last case the openings should be spaced
symmetrically around the extension so as not to cause any sideward thrust.
In this form of my invention the chamber C under the piston is utilised to partly
balance the pressure on the valve A, and so facilitate the work of opening the
latter. To this end an annular passage Z is provided immediately below the valve
seat, having an opening W leading to the chamber C under the piston, B, through
which as soon as the valve begins to leave its seat, liquid under pressure is admitted
to the chamber C; which liquid when the valve A is closing is gradually forced
out through the small opening F in the piston B, or through the clearance between ;
the latter and the sides of chamber C.
Fig. 5 shows a modification of the arrangement suitable for large valves. In
this arrangement the spindle V is not firmly fixed to the valve A, but has an
enlargement bearing on the lower side of a strap W which is fixed on the valve A,
and through which the spindle passes. The stem connecting the valve A with the
piston B is hollow, forming a passage communicating with the chamber C under
such piston.
The lower end of the valve spindle closes this passage when the valve

page_text: is closed; but when the spindle is lifted to open the valve the passage is first
opened and liquid under pressure admitted thereby to the chamber C under the
piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination with a valve of a chamber to which water or other liquid or
fluid is admitted while the valve is open, and of a piston or other part moving in
such chamber with the valve as it closes, so as to expel the liquid or fluid therefrom
gradually through a small orifice made in such chamber or through the piston,
or formed by a small clearance being left between such piston and the chamber in
which it moves, whereby any jar or concussion in the closing of the valve is
prevented or diminished, substantially as specified.
2. The combination with a valve, a chamber to which water or other liquid or
fluid is admitted preferably through a check valve while the main valve is open,
and a piston or other part moving in such chamber with the main valve as it closes,
so as to expel the liquid or fluid therefrom gradually through a small orifice made
in such chamber or through the piston, or formed by a small clearance being left
between such piston and the chamber in which it moves, of an extension of the
main valve moving within the main valve opening, and closing this opening
either wholly or in part before the main valve comes to its seat, substantially as
specified.
3. The combination with a valve, a chamber to which water or other liquid or
fluid is admitted preferably through a check valve while the main valve
open,
and a piston or other part moving in such chamber with the main valve as it
closes, so as to expel the liquid or fluid therefrom gradually through a small orifice
made in such chamber or through the piston, or formed by a small clearance
being left between such piston and the chamber in which it moves, of an extension
of the main valve moving within the main valve opening and having openings
normal to the main valve's axis which are opened and closed by the motion of the
main valve from and to its seat, substantially as specified.
4. The combination with a valve of a piston moving within a chamber to which
liquid under pressure is admitted when the valve is opened, for the purpose of
balancing a part of the pressure on the valve, and so facilitating its opening,
substantially as specified.
5. The combination with a valve and a piston moving within a chamber to which
liquid under pressure is admitted for the purpose of balancing a part of the pressure
on the valve, of a subsidiary valve to regulate the admission of liquid to such
chamber, substantially as specified.
6. The combination with a valve and a piston moving within a chamber to
which liquid under pressure is admitted for the purpose of balancing a part of the
pressure on the valve, of a subsidiary valve to regulate the admission of liquid to
such chamber, such subsidiary valve being placed on the spindle which opens the
main valve, substantially as specified.
Doted the 28th dor of Ian 1800
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.