IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD
Year: 1847

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
REINHOLD LOTHMAN, of Craven Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, in the tenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Reinhold Lothman, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Charles Reinhold
Lothman, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Reinhold Lothman, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Charles Reinhold Lothman,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Charles Reinhold Lothman, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:-
My Invention is as follows:-First, I arrange a chamber air-tight, with a
door as large as to allow a man to go in and out. Alongside the floor of this
chamber I arrange a flue with a furnace in order to raise the necessary heat,
which is from seventy-two degrees to ninety-six degrees Fahrenheit, or more
or less. In this chamber I place, five feet from one another, or more or less,
wooden posts all round the chamber, which reach from the bottom to the top
of the chamber, sufficiently strong to carry the weight I place upon them.
Between these posts I place other wooden pioces, fastened to the posts about
one foot more or less from each other. Over these I cross one inch square
pieces of wood, or more or less, and long enough to reach from one end to the
other. On these square pieces of wood I hang metallic lead in sheets of two
feet long, one foot broad, and one-sixteenth inch thick, or more or less. On the
floor of the chamber I place a tub containing eight pecks of malt, two pounds
of sugar, and six pints of yeast, and twelve gallons of water, more or less. I
keep the chamber afterwards at the said temperature until the lead is con-
verted into white lead, the mixture in the chambers then undergoing
fermentation. After the vinous fermentation has ceased, and the liquid
becomes mouldy, it is drawn off into vessels, which liquid is mixed with two
gallons of vinegar, and heated by steam, and regularly and gradually intro-
duced through a pipe or tube in the chamber. After the mixture is taken
out, a fresh supply has to be inserted. The lead is thus converted into "white
lead."
I claim as my Invention the use of the acids or vapours produced in the
process of brewing, or the acids or vapours evolved in the breweries, by
introducing them in the chamber before described through a pipe fastened to
the vats or vessels where the process is going on, and thus obtains the
manufacture of white lead. The size of the pipe ought to be so large as to
allow the vapours to pass freely. The quantity of acids necessary to be
applied is to be calculated from the quantity of malt used in the brewing,
the acids or vapours generating for where one quarter of malt has been used
are sufficient to convert five hundred weight of lead. If not so, more has to be
applied. It is to be understood that when I obtain the acids evolved from
the breweries, I don't use the same quantity inserted into the chamber. I
have found the chamber of the size of six feet high, six feet broad, and six
feet long to be sufficient for the conversion of five hundred weight of lead.

page_text: I claim as my Invention the use of atmospheric air by pumping it into the
said chamber by an air pump by any power.
I do not confine myself to the above-named arrangements alone, but claim
as my Invention to use lead in any state whatsoever capable of being converted
into white lead, according to the described principle, that is to say, lead in any
state in contact with atmospheric air, carbonic, acetic, acetious, and adehydic
acids, and steam. Nor do I confine myself alone to the matters named for
obtaining the acids, but to any producing the same effect. Nor do I confine
myself to the use of the acids received from the process of brewing by
employing the same in a chamber, but I claim every way where those acids
can be made applicable for the obtaining of "white lead."
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Reinhold Lothman, have hero-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.
CHARLES REINHOLD (L.s.) LOTHMAN.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord 1847, the aforesaid Charles Reinhold Lothman came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
▸ above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventh day of. July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven.