CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN AND LINEN YARN, WARP, AND WEFT, TO BE USED FOR ALL MANUFACTURING PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAME ARE APPLICABLE
Year: 1845

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WILLIS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker and
Iron Founder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the, Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twelfth day of June, in the eighth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Willis, Her especial licence, full power, priviledge and authority,
that I, the said Thomas Willis, my exors, adñiors, and, assigns, and such
others as I, the said Thomas Willis, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no other, from time to time and at all times, during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND WINDING COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN AND LINEN YARN, WARP, AND
WEFT, TO BE USED FOR ALL MANUFACTURING PURPOSES TO WHICH THE SAME ARE
APPLICABLE;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the
said Thomas Willis, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same, reference being, thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Willis, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of Certain

page_text: Improvements in Machinery for Spinning, Doubling, and Winding Cotton,
Silk, Woollen, and Linen Yarn, Warp, and Weft, to be used for all Manu-
facturing Purposes to which the same are applicable, to consist in a new and
cheaper arrangement of machinery, by which the operation of spinning,
doubling, and winding of yarns is performed with a less expenditure of power
than is required by the machinery in ordinary use for such purposes; and the
manner in which my Invention is to be performed or carried into effect will be
seen by reference to the annexed Drawing and the following description
thereof. In the annexed Drawing the same letter of reference indicates the
same part in the various Figures, and the scale to which the Drawing is made is
marked thereon :---
My Invention relates mainly to the application and arrangement of a loose
bobbin, spool, or cop, which moves freely on the spindle of a machine gene-
rally called the pin cop or winding frame, in combination with a faller wire
and revolving presser. The object of the faller wire is to distribute the yarn
or thread on the surface of the bobbin at a more uniform tension than has
been heretofore effected, which produces a greater uniformity in the woven
fabric in which these cops or bobbins are ultimately used as the weft; cops or
bobbins formed on the machine being designed for the shuttle of the loom.
The annexed Drawings, and the following description, relate exclusively to the
operation of the pin cop or winding frame, by which the application of the
bobbin and presser will be clearly understood. I do not, therefore, consider
it necessary
to go into any description of the application of such bobbin and
presser to spinning or doubling machinery, as such modifications of the bobbin
and presser as may be required to render it applicable will depend on the
nature and arrangement of such machinery, and will be readily effected by
any competent mechanic or person conversant with spinning, doubling, or
winding machinery.
Figure 1, in the annexed Drawing, represents a full size elevation of a spindle
bobbin and presser of an ordinary pin cop or winding machine; and Figure 2
is a transverse section of the driving band and spindles of the machine, to
show the relative position of the various parts of the ordinary machine. In
these Figures A is the spindle, B the bobbin, and a the band by which they
are driven or revolved. The driving drum C, Figure 2, imparts motion to the
band a, and D is a tightening drum which carries the band in the required
direction, where it is ultimately held in a horizontal plain by guide pullies d, d, d.
It will be observed that each spindle A, Figure 2, is supported on a weighted
Jever E, E, which has a constant tendency to force it up in a perpendicular
direction, and keep the conical surface of the bobbin B in contact with the

page_text: presser F (more clearly shewn at Figure 1). This presser F is forced against
the bobbin B by means of the weight fattached to the band g passing over
the pully h, as seen at Figure 1 and 2, so that the amount of force caused by
the counter weight on the lever E (on which this spindle is supported), and
.the weight f, which holds up the presser F, is expended in compressing the
yarn or thread as it is wound on to the conical surface of the bobbin B, and
also in depressing or forcing down the spindle and bobbing as the yarn or
thread accumulates on the bobbin. As the traverse or distributing motion or
the machine only moves through the space indicated by the conical part of the
bobbin B, the yarn necessarily assumes the form of a cop or series of conical
layers, which, as they accumulate, force down the bobbin and spindle progres-
sively until the winding is complete and the bobbin filled. The warve or pully
G on the spindle, over which the driving band a passes, is made of an elongated
form to allow of this depression of the spindle and bobbin, and the face of the
presser F is usually made of glass (tinted red in Figure 1), cemented on to
the angular piece, which is held up by the weight f. The objections to this
ordinary construction of winding machines is the power it requires to drive it,
its cost, and the heating of the glass surface of the presser F, which not only
injures the work, but is subject to become loose from the metal to which it is
attached by melting the cement.
I shall now proceed to describe my improvements by which these objections
are obviated.
10
181
Figure 3 represents a full sized spindle with its appendage and Figure 4
represents a similar spindle and its relative position to the driving drum C, on
a smaller scale, from which it will be seen that the tightening and guide
pullers D and d, as seen at Figure 2, are entirely dispensed with. The spin-
dle A, Figure 3, is also supported on a lever E, but instead of carrying down
the warve G, as it is depressed by the filling of the bobbin B, as described, it
passes through the hollow centre of the warve G, which is supported on the
rail H, quite free of the spindle A, and only drives the spindle while the leg I,
connected with the warve G, comes in contact with the projection i, attached
to the spindle. By this arrangement the warve G always revolves in the same
relative position to the driving drum C, and as soon as the spindle is so far
depressed as to have filled the bobbin B with yarn or thread, the stud i
escapes from the driving leg I, and the rotation of the spindle, and conse-
quently the winding of the yarn, terminates. The presser F in this Figure is
a revolving surface shaped as an inverted cone, by which the difficulties of the
cemented glass are obviated at the same time that varying circumferences of
the inverted cone F, and the conical surface of the bobbin B, produce that.

page_text: rubbing or dragging action in the winding operation which is considered desir-
able for some descriptions of yarn. The pressing action of the weight f is
the same as in Figure I., as the letters of reference will indicate. The traverse
or distribution of the yarn in conical layers, as the filling of the bobbin pro-
ceeds, is effected by the distributing rail K, which moves the distance or
heights of the conical part of the bobbin at each traverse; but as the varying
circumferences of the cone bobbin will take up varying, quantities of yarn at
the same revolution of the spindle, it is requisite to compensate for the
variation; which I effect as follows:-The lever L moves on a fixed fulcrum at
m, and is attached to the distributing rail K, at one extremity of the stud 'n,"
so that each traverse. of the rail K vibrates the lever L back and forth. At.
the other extremity of the lever K is the rod or bar N, and the yarn or thread
marked O, after passing over the stationary guide M, is passed under the rod
N, which by its downward vibration substracts and by its upward vibration
adds to the amount of yarn distributed to the bobbin B, and thereby compen-
sates for the varying quantity taken up by the varying circumference of the
conical surface of the bobbin.
Figure 5 is another modification of Figure 3, in which the driving leg I and
the projection i are dispensed with. In place of these parts the spindle is
either filed flat or provided with a slot, into which the small stud or pin p
takes, as seen in plan at Figures 6 and 7. This slot or flat surface is of the
same length as the part of the bobbin B, which has to be filled; and as soon
as the spindle is sufficiently depressed so that the pin or stud p escapes from
the slot or flat part of the spindle, the warve G runs alone, and the spindle is
stationary, as in. the former arrangement.
i
Figure 8 is another modification in which the bobbin: B is inverted; and the
spindle A is supported on a stationary step being driven by a fixed warve. In
this arrangement .the cone presser is also reversed; and the pressure on the
yarn to be wound depends on the weight of the bobbin, which can be varied
at pleasure. The bobbin B is carried along with the spindle in its rotation by
means of a small stud p resting against a flat part of the spindle, as seen in
plan at Figures 9 and 10; but as soon as the bobbin has filled and forced itself
up to the top of the spindle the stud p escapes from the flat part, and the
spindle revolves alone, the winding-on being then terminated.
Figure 11 is a further modification of the last arrangement, shewing how
two or more conical pressers are applied, which steadies the spindle, but the
pressure still depends on the weight of the bobbin, as before explained. In
this modification the lower point of the bobbin rests in a small socket moving
free on the spindle, and from which the small projection i proceeds, so that the

page_text: revolving leg I, which is attached to the spindle and carries the bobbin until it
is filled, when the part i escapes over the end of the driving leg I, and the
bobbin remains at rest, as in Figure 3.1
.
Figure 12 is a modification of Figure 3, in which the driving leg I is
attached to the hollow. warve G, and the projection i attached to the spindle,
which is driven until the stud i arrives at the recess in the driving leg I, at
which period the bobbin is full, and the lowered spindle is freed from the
driving warve G...
!
Figure 13 is a modification of Figure 12, having two pressers; and Figure
14. is a further modification, in which the cone presser, is placed so as to present
equal diameters to those presented by the conical part of the bobbin; by which
arrangement all drag or rubbing action on the material is obviated, which, in
fine silk and similar delicate niaterials, is sometimes desirable.
. Figure 16 represents a further modification, in which an inverted revolving
bobbin is placed on a stationary spindle, and provided with a conical presser,
on which it forces itself up, as described at Figure 11, and when full frees
itself from the rotation, as already. described. . .
The remaining. Figure 15 is an arrangement for making "what are called
quills or small bobbins for the shuttle in small ware looms. The ordinary
parts of this machine are indicated by the, letters of reference as already
described, but the traverse or copping movements for distributing the yarn on
the bobbin B is.effected by the rotation of the arm or crank Q, which, by the
connecting rod, vibrates the lever R.moving on the same centre as the sector:
S. The copping rail K is connected to the sector S by a band passing over
the guide pully T, so that each vibration of the sector S. is transferred to the
copping rail K, while the amount of vibration, and consequent amount of
copping traverse, is determined by varying the point of connection of the rod
which moves the lever R. The sectors S are of various diameters, and the
traverse of the copping rail K is varied accordingly; and I find it convenient
to divide the copping rail K-into portions; each portion being of a length. to
pass in front of two or more. bobbins, to which group or set of bobbins the
traverse can be arranged, to any required length.; The advantages of this:
arrangement are the ready method of varying the copping traverse and the
convenient perpendicular position in which the bobbins or quills are placed.
The last of my improvements in machinery is not represented in the
Drawings, but consists in the arrangement of two or more bobbins on the same
spindle (generally placed in an horizontal position), and distributing the
separate ends of yarn or thread on to the separate bobbins by one and the
same traverse motion, which, in winding cotton bobbins of sewing thread and
similar operations, I consider a great improvement, and claim as my Invention.

page_text: Having now described my various Improvements in Machinery for Spinning,
Doubling, and Winding Cotton, Silk, Woollen, and Linen Yarn, Warp and
Weft, to be used for all Manufacturing Purposes to which the same are
applicable, I claim as my Invention,
..1ts. The application of one or more revolving pressers to the surface of the.
yarn or thread to be wound on or taken up in spinning, doubling, or winding
machinery.
2d. The application of a moving rod or wire, in combination. with a
conical-shaped bobbin, as described at Figure 3, for the purpose of compen-
sating for the varying amount of yarn or thread taken up by the varying
diameters of the cone as described.
3rd. The combination of a loose pulley or waive with a spindle, to which it
only imparts rotation during the filling of the bobbin, as described.
4th. The arrangement by which the pressure on the surface of the yarn or
thread in the process of winding depends on the weight of the bobbin, as
described at Figures 8 and 11, the characteristic of such part of my Invention
being the sliding of the bobbin on the spindle in combination with a presser by
which such bobbin is traversed, as the accumulation of yarn takes place, as
described.
All which improvements being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, new,
and never before practised in that part of Her Majesty's Dominions called
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I deliver this as my
true and faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Willis, have hereunto set my
:
1
band and seal, this Nineth day of December, One thousand eight
.