IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF BOILERS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WARMING BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Clark Bridge and John Dyson, both of
Halifax, in the County of York, Boiler and Hot Water Apparatus
Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION
OF BOILERS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WARMING BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 18th March 1868, and dated the 19th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Clark Bridge and
John Dyson at the Office of. the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th September 1862.
We, DAVID CLARK BRIDGE and JOHN DYSON, both of Halifax, in the
County of York, Boiler and Hot Water Apparatus Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FORMATION OF BOILERS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WARMING BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a new arrangement of water spaces and tubes,
whereby a much larger amount of surface is exposed to the action of the heat,
than heretofore, and in some of the forms of boiler. hereafter described the
smoke is also consumed, thus effecting economy in the fuel.

page_text: We construct "stove boilers" of two double concentric cylinders forming
two cylindrical water spaces, the inner cylindrical water space being made so
much shorter than the outer cylindrical water space, and of such diameter
as to leave a suitable size of fire chamber below and within the inner cylindrical
water space, the outer cylindrical water space being made so much larger than
the inner one so as to allow any desired space between the two for the upward
passage of fire and heated gases, the inner cylindrical water space at its top
or upper end being extended over and immediately above the outer cylinders
in a circular form, after the manner of a double flange, thus forming a water
space over the inner cylindrical water space, the fire space, and the outer cylin-
drical water space, the communication between this upper water space and the
outer cylindical water space being effected by pipes placed at suitable positions
in the lower plate of the double flange water space and immediately over and
into the outer cylindrical water space. The inner and outer cylindrical water
spaces are connected by pipes near the bottom of the inner water space so as
to effect a circulation of the water. At and through the upper part of the
inner cylindrical water space is an opening or passage through which the fire and
heated gases pass to the space between the two water spaces, the bottom of the
double cylinders or water spaces being closed by annular rings secured therein.
Another arrangement of stove boiler is constructed of inner and outer
cylindrical water spaces, the outer cylinder having one half (or thereabouts)
of its upper end made shorter than the other half, the double flange water
space (as described in last-mentioned boiler) extending above and over the
inner and outer cylindrical water spaces to a suitable distance; brick work being
erected close to and around the outer diameter of the flange water space
and to the bottom of the boiler forms an additional fire space outside the outer
cylinder, the inner fire space being within the smaller cylinder and the outer
cylinder. At each side of the outer cylinder (at the part described as made
shorter) is a rib or partition on each side of the part made shorter, extending
from the top of the outer cylinder to a suitable distance downwards; the
heated gases passing from the inner cylinder to the space between the
two cylindrical water spaces by means of the opening or passage (described
above), and rising against the lower part of the flange water space are
by the draft of the flue drawn over that part of the outer double cylinder
(described as made shorter); the ribs or partitions are fixed down, the
outer cylinder serving to prevent the too ready exit of the heated gases.
The gases, by the ribs or partitions and draft of flue being drawn down-
wards and under the lower part of the ribs or partitions, are thus caused

page_text: to circulate round the outer cylinder. Immediately below each rib or
partition are a number of fire tubes passing through the outer cylindrical
water space; fire passing through these tubes consumes, the smoke which is
drawn by the draft and directed by the ribs or partitions to that point.,
Another form of stove boiler is constructed of a single cylindrical water
space; on the top of this water space is a double flange water space (as described
in boilers herein-before mentioned). Brickwork being erected around the outer
diameter of the flange water space, and to the bottom of the boiler, forms the
outer fire space; a number of tubes being passed through the lower part of this
boiler serve for the passage of the heated gases and flame to the outer part of
the boiler. Through the flange water space are another series of tubes, the
heated gases passing upwards from the lower pipes and around the boiler
through these tubes to a smoke box erected over the flange water space; imme-
diately in front of the flue is passed the pipe for conveying the heated water
(to any desired point), so that the heat before making its exit from the smoke
box plays full upon the hot water pipe. Or we construct a stove boiler in the
following manner:-Two cylindrical water spaces of unequal lengths being made
the upper end of each is closed by means of a ring or annular plate, so as to
form an upper water space; through and connecting the annular plate on the
outer and inner cylinders.is_a_pipe, through which..the furnace-is.supplied with
fuel, the escape of fire and smoke being prevented by a suitable lid or covering.
In this class of boiler we sometimes connect the outer and inner cylinders by.
means of one or more pipes placed across and through or above the fire; by the
use of a pipe or pipes as described we secure additional service from the fire
and obtain a better circulation of the water.
Our improvements also relate to the class of boilers known as "saddle
boilers," which usually are constructed with parallel vertical sides connected
by a semicircular or curved top; the sides and top being double, form an equal
water. space, both ends being left open. Our improvements consist in con-
structing these boilers with one end closed and formed so as to be an additional
water space, also in connecting the two sides below the arc of the circular top
by means of plates which form another water space, which is carried parallel
to the top of the boiler for a suitable distance and turned at right angles
thereto in a downward direction. In front of the part (last described) and
across the boiler is a pipe connecting the two sides of the boiler and water
space. This pipe serves to increase the circulation of water, also to narrow the
passage for the flame and gases. The smoke on its arrival at this point is
"throttled" and consumed, the fire passing under and along the water space

page_text: formed within the arc of the circle round the. part turned at right angles (as
described above), and the pipe crossing the boiler at this point, it then passes
over the inner water space and to the outer parts of the boiler.
Another of this class of boiler we form as described with water space at
the back, the inner water space being constructed by connecting the two sides
or water spaces of the boiler by means of a pipe or pipes placed within the
furnace and immediately over the fire; the flames pass over and around this
pipe to an opening provided at each side and near the back of the boiler, these
openings being made of suitable size so as to confine the flames and heated
gases in their passage through the same, thus "throttling" and consuming the
smoke. The pipes for circulating or conveying the water when heated by any
of the boilers herein described are placed at the upper and lower parts of
the boiler as usual.
· SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Clark Bridge and John Dyson in the Great Seal Patent
* Office on the 19th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
CLARK BRIDGE and JOHN DYSON, both of Halifax, in the County of York,
Boiler and Hot Water Apparatus Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
David Clark Bridge and John Dyson, Her special licence that we, the said
David Clark Bridge and John Dyson, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said David Clark Bridge and John Dyson,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FOR-
OF BOILERS TO BE EMPLOYED. FOR WARMING BUILDINGS AND SIMILAR
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said David
Clark Bridge and John Dyson, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
.ment in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,

page_text: should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent. Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Clark Bridge and John Dyson,
do. hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in a new arrangement of water spaces and tubes,
whereby a much larger amount of surface is exposed to the action of the heat
than heretofore, and in some of the forms of boilers herein-after described
the smoke is also consumed, thus effecting economy in the fuel.
We construct "stove boilers" of two double concentric cylinders forming
two cylindrical water spaces, the inner cylindrical water space being made so
much shorter than the outer cylindrical water space, and of such diameter as
to leave a suitable size of fire chamber below and within the inner cylin-
drical water space, the outer cylindrical water space being made so much
larger than the inner one as to allow any desired space between the two
for the upward passage of the heated gases, the inner cylindrical water
space at its top or upper end being extended over and immediately above the
outer cylinders in a circular form, after the manner of a double flange, thus
forming a water space over the inner cylindrical water space, the fire space,
and the outer cylindrical water space, the communication between this upper
water space and the outer cylindrical water space being effected by pipes
placed at suitable positions in the lower plate of the double flange water
space, and immediately over and into the outer cylindrical water space. The
inner and outer cylindrical water spaces are connected by pipes near the
bottom of the inner water space so as to effect a circulation of the water. At
and through the upper part of the inner cylindrical water space is an opening
or passage through which the fire and heated gases pass to the space between
the two water spaces, the bottom of the double cylinders or water spaces being
closed by annular rings secured therein.
Another arrangement of stove boiler is constructed of inner and outer
cylindrical water spaces, the outer cylinder having one half (or thereabouts)
of its upper end made shorter than the other half, the double flange water
space (as described in last-mentioned boiler) extending above and over the
inner and outer cylindrical water spaces to a suitable distance. Brickwork

page_text: being erected close to and around the outer diameter of the flange water space,
and to the bottom of the boiler, forms an additional fire space outside the outer
cylinder, the inner fire space being within the smaller cylinder and the outer
cylinders. At each side of the outer cylinder (at the part described as made
shorter) is a rib or partition on each side of the part made shorter extending
from the top of the outer cylinder to a suitable distance downwards, the
heated gases passing from the inner cylinder to the space between the two
cylindrical water spaces by means of the opening or passage (described above),
and rising against the lower part of the flange water space, are by the draft
of the flue drawn over that part of the outer double cylinder (described as
made shorter); the ribs or partitions are fixed down, the outer cylinder serving
to prevent the too ready exit of the heated gases. The gases by the ribs or
partitions, and draft of the flue being drawn downwards and under the lower
parts of the ribs or partitions, are thus caused to circulate round the outer
cylinder. Immediately below each rib or partition are a number of fire-tubes
passing through the outer cylindrical water space; fire passing through these
tubes consumes the smoke, which is drawn by the draft and directed by the
ribs or partitions to that point.
Another form of stove boiler is constructed of a single cylindrical water
space; on the top of this water space is a double flange water space (as
described in boilers herein-before mentioned). Brickwork being crected
around the outer diameter of the flange water space, and to the bottom of
the boiler forms the outer fire space; a number of tubes being passed through
the lower part of this boiler serve for the passage of the heated gases and
flame to the outer parts of the boiler. Through the flange water space arc
another series of tubes, the heated gases passing upwards from the lower pipes
and around the boiler through these tubes to a smoke box erected over the
flange water space; immediately in front of the flue is passed the pipe for
conveying the heated water (to any desired. point), so that the heat before
making its exit from the smoke box plays full upon the hot water pipe. Or
we construct a stove boiler in the following manner :-Two cylinders of
unequal lengths being made and placed one within another, so as to form a
single cylindrical water space, the upper end of each is closed by means of a
ring or annular plate so as to form an upper water space. Through and con-
necting the annular plate on the outer and inner cylinders is a pipe, through
which the furnace is supplied with fuel, the escape of fire and smoke being
prevented by a suitable lid or covering. In this class of boiler we sometimes
connect the inner cylinder by means of one or more pipes placed across and

page_text: through or above the fire; by the use of a pipe or pipes as described we
secure additional service from the fire, and obtain a better circulation of the
water.
Our improvements also relate to the class of boilers known as "saddle
boilers," which usually are constructed with parallel vertical sides connected
by a semicircular or curved top; the sides and top being double form an equal
water space, both ends being left open. Our improvements consist in con-
structing these boilers with one end closed and formed so as to be. an
additional water space; also in connecting the two sides below the arc of the
circular top by means of plates which form another water space, which is
carried parallel to the top of the boiler for a suitable distance, and turned at
right angles thereto in a downwards direction. In front of the part (last.
described) and across the boiler is a pipe connecting the two sides, of the
boiler and water space; this pipe serves to increase the circulation of water,
also to narrow the passage for the flame and gases; the smoke on its arrival
at this point is throttled and consumed, the fire passing under and along the
water space formed within the arc of the circle round the part turned at right
angles (as described above), and the pipe crossing the boiler at this point, it
then passes over the inner water space and to the outer parts of the boiler.
Another of this class of boiler we construct, as described, with water space
at the back, the inner water space being constructed by connecting the two
sides or water spaces of the boiler by means of a pipe or pipes placed within
the furnace and immediately over the fire; the flames pass over and around
this pipe to an opening provided at each side and near to the back of the boiler,
these openings being made of suitable size, so as to confine the flames.and
heated gases in their passage through the same, thus throttling and con-
.suming the smoke. The pipes for circulating or conveying the water when
heated by any of the boilers herein described are placed at the upper and
lower parts as usual.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention for improvements
in the formation of boilers to be employed for warming buildings and-similar
purposes," we will now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which
the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in
order that the same may be distinctly understood, we have hereunto annexed a
Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures
and-letters of reference corresponding with those in the following explanation
thereof, similar letters of reference being placed upon corresponding parts of
the boilers in the various Figures.
-

page_text: Fig. 1 is an elevation of one of our improved "stove boilers;" Fig. 2
is a vertical section of the same; and Fig. 3 is a sectional plan through about
the line 1, 2, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is an elevation of another form of our im-
proved stove 'boiler (part of the brickwork being removed in order to shew
the rib or partition); Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the same; and Fig. 6
is a sectional plan through about the line 3, 4, of Fig. 4; Fig. 7 is a vertical
section of a third kind of our improved stove boilers; Fig. 8, a plan of the
top of the boiler, shewings the holes or openings for the passage of the flame
and heated gases to the smoke box; and Fig. 9 is a vertical section of the
fourth or last-mentioned kind of stove boiler; Fig. 10 being a sectional plan
through about the line 5, 6, of Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is an end elevation of one of
our improved "saddle boilers"; and Fig. 12 is a longitudinal vertical section
of the same shewing the water space at the back or end of the boiler, also the
additional water space obtained by connecting the sides of the boiler by means
of plates.
Fig. 13 is an elevation of another of our improved saddle boilers; and
Fig. 14 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same, shewing the back water
space and pipe forming an additional water space.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a is the outer cylindrical water space; b, the inner
cylindrical water space; c, is the fire-box or space; d, is the space for the
upward passage of the flame and heated gases; e is the double flange top
forming the water space f; f,f, are the pipes or openings for effecting a
communication between the outer cylindrical water space and the top water
space f; at 9, 9, are shewn the pipes for effecting a communication between
the inner and outer cylindrical water spaces, and for facilitating the circulation
of the water. g¹ is the opening through which the flames and heated gases
pass to the space d, and from thence by the pipe g³ to the chimney; h, h, are
the grate bars; h¹ is the lid or cover which is removed when the furnace
requires fuel; j is the stand on which the boiler rests, and ¹ is the ash pan or
drawer. In Figs. 4, 5, and 6, a is the outer cylindrical water space; b, the
inner cylindrical water space; in this boiler the outer cylindrical water space a
is shewn at a¹ made shorter than its other half, the double flange water space f
extending over and above the inner and outer cylindrical water spaces. The
brickwork 6¹ being erected near to and around the outer diameter of the water
space a forms an additional fire space outside the cylindrical water space a.
At each side of the outer cylinder (at the part described as made shorter and
lettered a¹) is a rib or partition a³, which rib.or partition extends from the outer
cylinder to a suitable distance downwards, the heated gases passing from the

page_text: inner cylinder to the space d' by way of d, and the openings or passages g', g',
and rising against the lower part of the flange water space f, are by the draft
of the flue (drawn in the direction shewn by arrows at Fig. 5) over that part
of the outer double cylinder made shorter at a', and from thence pass down-
wards and under the ribs or partitions a³, a³, (see Fig. 4), and out to the flue
by the opening 9. Immediately below each rib or partition a³ are a number
of fire tubes k, which pass through the outer cylindrical water space a; the
fire or flames pass through these tubes and consume the smoke which is drawn
by the draft and directed by the ribs or partitions a³, a³, to the fire tubes k.
At g, g, are shewn the pipes for the purpose above described; c is the fire space;
h, h, are the grate bars. This boiler also rests upon a stand as shewn at j in
Fig. 1, an opening being left in front of the brickwork 6' for the
stoking the fire and removing the clinker.
purpose
of
Figs. 7 and 8 shew another arrangement of our improved stove boilers,
which is constructed of a single cylindrical water space a; on the top of this
water space is formed a double flange water space f, the outer diameter of
this flange water space projecting to a suitable distance over the boiler.
Brickwork being erected around the outer diameter, of the flange water
space, and to the bottom of the boiler, forms the outer fire space d'; a
number of tubes k, k, being passed through the lower part of this boiler serve
for the passage of the flames and heated gases to the outer parts of the boiler
and outer fire space. Through the flange water space fare another series of
tubes g', g' (see Fig. 8); the heated gases passing upwards from the lower
tubes k, k, and around the boiler, pass through the tubes g³, g³, to the smoke
chamberg. Erected immediately over the flange water space f is a pipe g
(for conveying the hot water to any desired point); the heated gases play full
upon this pipe before making their exit at 9'; c is the fire space; h, h, are
the grate bars. This boiler also rests upon a stand, as shewn at j, in Fig. 1,
an opening being left in front of the brickwork 6' for the purpose of stoking
the fire and removing the clinker.
Fig. 9 is a vertical section, and Fig. 10 a sectional plan view taken through
about the line 5, 6, of Fig. 9 of another form of stove boiler. Two cylinders
of unequal lengths (the inner one being the shorter) are placed one within
the other, so as to form a cylindrical water space a, and the upper ends of
each is closed by a ring or annular plate, so as to form an upper water
space f. The furnace is supplied with fuel through the pipe c (passing
through and connecting the inner circumferences of these annular plates),
which is closed at the top by a lid or cover h¹. In some instances we connect

page_text: the two sides of the inner cylinder by two or more pipes e, e, placed across
and through or above the fire, so as to obtain a greater amount of heating
surface from the fire and a better circulation of the water.
We will now proceed to describe the boilers known as "saddle boilers."
Figs. 11 and 12 shew one of our improved saddle boilers. It will be seen on
reference to the Drawings that the plate forming the outer case or shell of the
boiler is made so much longer than the inner one, as that when the ends of
the outer and inner shells are closed by the plates A, A', we obtain the
additional water space A2; the sides of the boiler being connected by the
plates B, B, form a second additional water space 'B', which is carried parallel
to the top of the boiler for a suitable distance, and turned at right angles
thereto in a downward direction, as shewn at C. In front of the part
described as turned downwards, and across the boiler is a pipe D, which
connects the two sides of the boiler and water spaces; this pipe D serves as a
third water space, and to increase the circulation of the water, also to narrow
the passage for the flame and heated gases at the point marked E. The
smoke on its arrival at this point is throttled and consumed, the fire passing
under and around the water space B¹ and C, and the pipe D, and from
thence passes over the inner water space and to the outer parts of the boiler
(in the direction shewn by the arrows).
Fig. 13 and 14 shew our second-mentioned improved saddle boiler con-
structed as described, with a back water space A³, a second additional water
space being obtained by means of a pipe or pipes B¹, which connect the two
sides of the boiler; this pipe or pipes B' we place immediately over the fire;
the flames pass over and around this pipe or pipes to the opening F made
through the sides of the boiler, and of suitable size so as to confine the flames
and heated gases in their passage therethrough, thus throttling and consuming
the smoke. The saddle boilers above described are provided with the usual
grate bars, fire door, &c., and set in brickwork in the usual manner.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for
"Improvements in the Formation of Boilers to be employed for Warming
Buildings and similar Purposes," together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, we would
remark, in conclusion, that the arrangement of the grate bars, ash pan, smoke
box, stand on which the boiler rests, and pipes for the entrance and exit of
the water being old and well understood, we make no claim thereto; but
what we claim as our Invention is, the construction and arrangement of the
boilers with the additional water spaces, together with the tubes and ribs, or

page_text: partitions for conveying and directing the flames and heated gases around the
same, as shewn in the Drawings,. and above particularly described, or any mere
modification of the same operating in substantially the same or a similar
manner.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Clark Bridge and John Dyson,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight.hundred and
sixty-three.
Signed in the presence of,
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Patent Agent,
DAVID CLARK BRIDGE. (LS.)
JOHN DYSON.
Halifax.
(L.B.)