matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEATS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hamlyn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1881.
JOSEPH HAMLYN, of Newtown, Exeter, in the County of Devon. " IMPROVEMENTS
IN SEATS."
The improvements relate to folding seats intended more particularly for counters
in shops or other confined spaces, and consist in fashioning the seat to fold and lie flat
against a pillar or support piece, which is also hinged at the bottom, so that it and
the seat can lie flat on the floor or against the counter or a wall, and so project very
slightly. The pillar and seat may be of wood, or of metal, or of both combined.
The seat is hinged on its under side and at about the middle thereof to the pillar
with a metal spring hinge which allows the seat to be placed and held at right
angles to the pillar. The same hinge fastening is also applied to the bottom of the
pillar; the weight of the party using the seats serves also to steady the same.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES CONNECTED WITH ROWING BOATS FOR THE PROPULSION THEREOF
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Sage at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881.
WILLIAM JOHN SAGE, of 9, Manor Road, Walworth, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVED APPLIANCES CONNECTED WITH ROWING BOATS FOR THE PROPULSION
THEREOF."
"
The object of this Invention is fitting to each side of a rowing boat a frame for
carrying a propeller which can be operated for moving the boat through the water
in the direction facing the person who works it.
The frame I purpose fitting is composed of two bars of a length corresponding to
an arm's pull. The ends of the bars are affixed to the side of the boat in a parallel
manner, that sockets or ferrules may slide on them when pulled by the occupant in
one direction, and by springs in the other direction. These sockets or ferrules have
blades, flaps, or wings affixed to them, which blades, flaps, or wings may be jointed
to fold if desired, so that it or they act upon or against the water for propulsion
purposes, and "close to" in moving in the reverso direction.
The propellers by this Invention are moved to and fro close to the sides of a
boat, and are made of any form of curvature, and buoyant or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH MINING OR SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rees Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th March 1881.
JOHN REES JONES, of Treherbert, in the County of Glamorgan, and of the
Cambrian Patent Office, Swansea, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR
CONNECTED WITH MINING OR SAFETY LAMPS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of a mining lamp (or safety
lamp used for other purposes), so that any attempt at opening it shall at once
extinguish the light; also such an arrangement of the wick that a miner or other
person cannot raise the same to an undue height to obtain a light for his pipe,
as is frequently the case in mining or safety lamps as at present constructed, in
which (though the lamp may be locked) the user by turning up the wick very high
and bringing the flame against the gauze can often attain the desired object.
First. In applying my Invention to, say, the "Clammy" lamp, I arrange a rod
passing through a stuffing box in the lamp body and projecting into the oil
reservoir which screws on the lamp body as usual; this cannot be unscrewed
till the rod is raised. The rod is usually placed diagonally and has pivotted to it
a fork or clip so as to support a flanged or shouldered tube placed on the wick
holder. When the lamp is lighted and screwed into its place the fork rises when
the rod is depressed, till it by coming to a wider part is enabled to drop over the
flange or shoulder on the tube. The joint only allows upward movement of the
fork or clip.
Now if any attempt made to unscrew the lamp body from the reservoir the
flanged tube is drawn over the wick, at once extinguishing the light. The principle
can of course be applied to other forms of mining or safety lamps.
Second. To arrange the wick so that it cannot be unduly raised I form it with a
series of pins or projecting pieces inserted at regular intervals, so that it can only be
raised till one of these pins abuts against the lower end of the wick tube, preventing
it being drawn through any further. By arranging the spaces to last only the
time required to cut, say, a ton or other quantity of coal, the men have no excuse
(unless when taken ill or from accident) for remaining in their galleries or
71

page_text: endangering their lives beyond a certain time, and they cannot obtain a light
for their pipes. The same applies to other varieties of safety lamps, as above
stated.
When the lamp is returned to the person in charge of such he extracts the
top-most pin or projecting piece, the wick is raised, the lamp again locked or
secured and delivered to the user.
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED WITH LOCKING AND UNLOCKING RAILWAY SIGNAL AND POINT LEVERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Charles Denne and Thomas
James Denne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July
1881.
MARK CHARLES DENNE, of 1, Christchurch Road, Eastbourne, in the County of
Sussex, and THOMAS JAMES DENNE, of Holmesdale Lodge, Red Hill, in the County
of Surrey. "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED WITH LOCKING
AND UNLOCKING RAILWAY SIGNAL AND POINT LEVERS."
This Invention relates to certain detail improvements and additional appliances
to be fitted to or in connection with an Invention patented by us on the 23rd day
of December, in the year 1880, No. 5404, and relates to an appliance to be attached
to signal and point levers, to relock them without altering the position of the
signals and the levers when at danger, and after being released by the train
passing over the bridge piece, treadle, or camber placed close to the line of rails, as
described in the Specification of our Patent before referred to.
For the purposes of our present Invention we provide for relocking the signal
lever by the signal man after it has been released by a train passing over the
bridge piece to allow a train to leave a siding and go on to the main line, the
signal still being at danger and the lever over in its right position to be
relocked.
A handle is fixed to the pull over lever, and it actuates a bell crank by means
of a connecting rod to give a forward motion (by means of the other arm of the
bell crank) to a rod which is connected to a short lever. This forward motion
causes the top end of the lever to come into contact with a stud fixed to a short
arm of the shaft of the hammer, thereby causing the hammer to rise to a given
position, and the continued forward motion of the rod causes the lever carrying the
detent to move far enough to allow the detent to fall into the notch of the quadrant
and thereby relock the apparatus.
The rod is slotted at the end where it is connected to the short lever to allow
the signal lever to be pulled over, so that no motion is imparted to any part of the
apparatus should the lever be pulled back to alter the signal to clear the line.
The Invention also relates to means or appliances for completing the circuit

page_text: after the relocking of the lever for the purpose of releasing signal and point levers
at another part of the line to allow trains to leave sidings or for any similar
purpose, thereby giving the signal man control of portions of the line in advance of
his position.
For this purpose the forward motion of the rod is utilized to give motion to two
short levers connected together by a link. One of the levers carries an armature, so
that on reaching its full length of stroke it comes into contact with two poles or
terminals to complete the circuit. After being released the return motion causes
a tappet which is fixed to the other lever to descend below the path of the rod,
so that any attempt to repeat the motion to complete the circuit is prevented
until after the apparatus has been unlocked by the train passing over the bridge
piece.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR REMOVING HAIR FROM THE SKINS OF HUMAN BEINGS AND OF ANIMALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blumm at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1881.
JOHN BLUMM, of 70, West India Dock Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Dentist. "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR REMOVING HAIR FROM THE SKINS OF
HUMAN BEINGS AND OF ANIMALS."
My Invention is applicable to the removal of hair from the face or other part
of the human body, and also to the removal of hair from the skins or hides of
other animals, its object being to remove the hair without the use of a razor or
knife.
It consists in forming a compound of mona sulphide of barium with flour, starch,
or other similar ingredient, and orris root powder or alkanah root powder, these
ingredients being thoroughly mixed. When the compound is required for use,
enough water is added to make it form a paste, which is applied in any suitable
manner to the part from which it is desired to remove the hair; in two or three
minutes after the application the part is washed in hot or cold water or otherwise
cleansed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CALCULATING MACHINES OR ARITHMOMETERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Tate at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1881.
SAMUEL TATE, of Waterloo Place, Clerkenwell Close, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALCULATING MACHINES OR ARITHMOMETERS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and construction of
calculating machines or arithmometers (of the character described in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent granted to C. X. T. De Colmar, dated 10th February
1851, No. 13,504), by which improvements calculations in addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division can be effected with absolute certainty.
For this purpose, according to the first part of my improvements, the movement
which takes place from 0 to 9 or 9 to 0 of the toothed cylinders is effected by
means of a double incline formed on a spring fixed on the middle plate of the
machine, and an inclined fork, the said double incline end of the spring acting on
the end of the fork, by which the apparatus is greatly simplified, and many parts
are thus dispensed with, such as the cams and cam guards, the clutch action
remaining as before.
According to another part of my improvements the bars on the upper plate
which throw the indicators back to 0 are guided by lips fixed to the top plate of
the machine.
In place of the rack and pinion employed to bring the figures to 0, a bar and
cams are employed for this purpose, thus effecting this object by one movement of
a lever handle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Albert Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1881.
HENRY ALBERT DAVIS, of Plimsoll Road, Finsbury Park, in the County of
Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS."
"
My Invention relates to unbrellas, and is designed to provide means whereby
the ribs may, when the umbrella is closed, be caused to lie in closer proximity to
the stick at the part where the runner is situated than is possible in umbrellas ns
heretofore made.
The annular flange or "notch" at the upper part of the runner of an umbrella, and
to which the stretchers are secured, projects outward from the tubular portion of
the runner as is well known, and when the umbrella is closed the ribs have to lie
upon or over the edge or shoulder of the runner-notch, and are thereby kept at a
corresponding distance from the stick, thus presenting a bulky appearance; but
by means of my Invention the ribs are caused to lie within the notch in such a
manner that there is nothing to project beyond the latter, and thus the thickness
or bulk of the closed umbrella at this part is correspondingly decreased.
"
In carrying the said Invention into practice I prefer to make use of what are
known as "lock rib paragon frames," and I provide a runner, the "notch
or upper
projecting part of which is formed with broad or wide openings or recesses, instead
of with the narrow slits now ordinarily made, each opening according to my
Invention being made sufficiently wide to receive the end of a stretcher.
I do not make the end of the stretchers which fit the notch narrow, as is
ordinarily the case, but leave this end of the same width and section as the other
part thereof. A piece of the lower portion of the back part of the said stretchers is
cut away to give the stretcher freedom in working up and down upon the pivots
or studs, and on two sides of each stretcher I forin a small point or stud, these
points fitting into corresponding apertures or depressions formed in the sides of
each of the recesses in the notch.
By this construction the stretchers lie within the recesses in the notch, and form
a receptacle or channel for the ribs which lie within the strotehers. It will thus bo

page_text: seen that instead of the ribs having to lie upon the periphery of the runner-notch,
as is usual, they are entirely within the same, passing completely through the
recesses, and do not project in the slightest degree from this notch. I am therefore
enabled by means of my said Invention to decrease the bulk of an umbrella at this
part to the extent of the thickness of the ribs, and thereby to give to the umbrella !
an extremely neat appearance without impairing its strength.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by James Schneur, of Paris, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOVES." A communication from abroad by James Schneur, of Paris, France.
This Invention has for its object to prevent the discharge of carbonic oxide into
the atmosphere of the rooms in which the stove is placed, and to keep the air
moist.
For this purpose I construct the main portion of the stove of two concentric
cylindrical shells, the inner one containing the firegato and the ashpan, while the
ring shaped space between the two shells is filled with hot air moistened by the
evaporation of water, which is preferably placed in the base or pedesdal of the
stove.
The gases of combustion are conveyed outside by a prismatic tube extending
from the inner shell through the outer one, and being provided with a valve or
damper which is kept in its position by a spring which prevents the accidental
opening of the valve. A saddle shaped water receptaclo may be placed on the
discharge pipe for the purpose of heating the water contained in it.
The upper part of the ring shaped jacket between the shells may be utilized
for heating water bottles or footwarmers secured to the removable cover of the
stove, and extending downward into the jacket.
The stove is mounted on a hollow pedestal provided with doors for introducing
the water reservoirs, and with rollers for facilitating the transport of the stove.
During the summer the inner cylinder or fireplace may be provided with a
refrigerating chamber and a filter by introducing from the top a cylindrical
receptacle consisting of four compartments, the upper and largest compartiment
serving to receive the articles to be kept cool, the second compartment containing
the ice, the third a filter and unfiltered water, and the lowest the filtered water
discharged from the third chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LETTING-OFF THE WARP IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Heap at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1881.
.
JOSHUA HEAP, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, Tool Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LETTING-OFF THE WARP IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
My Invention relates to apparatus to be applied to a loom for the purpose of
letting off the warp as the weaving proceeds, as is well understood. In my
improved apparatus the warp passes between rollers, which are prepared to nip
and hold the warp.
I now prefer to cover the said rollers with vulcanized
caoutchouc, but any other suitable means may be adopted. The said rollers are
mounted in a frame, or in end frames or levers, which are arranged to vibrate so
as to yield to the movements of the warp caused by the opening of the shed, and
are loaded so as to maintain the required tension, means being provided for
regulating the pressure of the rollers upon the warp. One of the rollers, or each
end of one of the rollers is provided with a ratchet wheel, or with a wheel which
can be acted upon by means of a pawl or nipping part to rotate the said roller in
the direction which will let off the warp. The roller axles may or may not be
geared together. The pawl or part which acts upon the wheel or upon each wheel,
as aforesaid, is mounted upon an arm, which is mounted upon the roller axle, and
the said arm trails upon an adjustable incline or upon a part fixed to the loom side,
the arrangement being such as that when the rollers are drawn inwards by the
opening of the shed the said arm is moved in the direction which will cause the
pawl or part to act upon the wheel to turn the same, the rollers being thus rotated
at the times when it is necessary that the warp should be let off. The method of
mounting the pawl or part which acts upon the wheel may be varied, and also
two or more pawls or nipping parts may act upon one wheel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO STOVES AND FIRE RANGES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Pollard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1881.
CHARLES JAMES POLLARD, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster.. "" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO STOVES AND FIRE RANGES."
My improvements consist in the application of protected air passages, which are
designed to ensure a proper distribution of air to fuel in a state of combustion in
the stove or range. For this purpose a chamber or box may be used, composed of
iron or other suitable material, in the sides of which are formed air passages; these
are protected by overlaps, whereby such passages are less liable to be obstructed
by the accumulation of falling ashes or cinders. The said chamber or box may be
secured in a position near the centre of the stove or range, and bolted to the under
grate on which the fuel is placed, and fitted if necessary with an adjustable
damper or valve, to regulate the supply of air admitted at the bottom of the
chamber or box. Another mode or modification of my Invention consists of bars
placed in such a manner as to overlap each other, whereby the air passage between
each bar is secured from obstruction. Or plates may be used in which perforations
slanting downward answer as protected air passages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS FOR PREVENTING THE PASSAGE OF NOXIOUS GASSES FROM SEWERS AND DRAINS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Dearnley Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1881. A
communication from abroad by William Dearnley Taylor of Philadelphia in
the United States of America.
JONAS DEARNLEY TAYLOR of Halifax in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN TRAPS FOR PREVENTING THE PASSAGE OF NOXIOUS GASSES FROM SEWERS AND
DRAINS." A communication from abroad by William Dearnley Taylor of
Philadelphia, in the United States of America.
This Invention has reference to syphon traps used in dwellings private or
public buildings, and in streets. The object of the Invention is the construction
and arrangement of apparatus and the employment of mercury in. such manner
as to entirely prevent the passage of noxious gasses from sewers into rooms or
streets. For this purpose I employ a rectangular or other form of box having
an inlet in the bottoin for one end of the syphon pipe, and an outlet at one side
thereof. The inlet pipe projects some distance into the rectangular box and a cap
made of glass or other suitable material, is placed over the orifice of the inlet pipe.
Into the bottom of the rectangular box so as to surround the inlet pipe placed
a quantity of mercury or other dense liquid through which gasses cannot pass.
When water is passing through the syphon the pressure thereof will lift the cap
off the orifice of the inlet pipe and the water will pass over the top of the mercury
and escape into the drain but immediately the pressure of water is not strong
enough to lift the cap it will lower onto the orifice, and the bottom edges will
be immersed in the mercury, so that the passage of gasses from the drain is entirely
prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING AND CLEANING RICE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Halliday at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1881.
·
JAMES HALLIDAY, of Fenchurch Avenue, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING AND CLEANING RICE."
My Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for hulling and cleaning rice,
and it is designed to produce a machine of greater simplicity of construction, and
at the same time equal or greater efficiency in operation as compared with tho
present construction of such machinery.
My Invention consists of mechanism combined in the following manner :-
A cylinder revolves with its exterior periphery in proximity to one or more
fixed frames. Such proximity is capable of regulation according to the character
of the grain, but is always so close as to produce sufficient friction for hulling the
grain as it falls between. The neighbouring faces of both the cylinder and tho
frames are faced with cement of the description usually employed in rice hulling
mills. I may alternatively, however, cover the face of the frame or frames with
wire cloth or other suitable friction producing material, or cover the lower portion
of them in this manner, whilst leaving the upper portion covered with cement.
These variations may be made to suit the character of the grain passed through,
and the frames may be conveniently constructed to detach independently of one
another, so that a cement faced frame may with ease be substituted for a wiro
cloth faced frame, and vice versa.
Below the foregoing hulling apparatus is a winnowing chamber, containing
any suitable fan or arrangement of fans for properly winnowing the grain as it
falls through.
Where a greater degree of finish or cleaning is desired than is obtainable by the
foregoing apparatus, I construct below the winnowing chamber a similar
arrangement of cylinder and frames to that constituting the hulling apparatus, but
I face both the periphery of the cylinder and the frame or frames with wire cloth,
and use no cement.
My apparatus is enclosed within suitable casings and is provided with feeding
14

page_text: and exit hoppers, and proper communication between the two or the three
chambers as the case may be.
The polishing cylinder and frame may be made to be detachable from the upper
portion of the apparatus, or a movable hopper may direct the falling grain as may
be required, either into the polishing chamber or immediately into any convenient
receptacle, without further treatment than afforded by the first and the winnowing
chambers.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN TREE POTS, FLOWER POTS, AND SEED PANS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaiah Glazebrook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1881.
ISAIAH GLAZEBROOK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist.
'AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN TREE POTS, FLOWER POTS, AND SEED
PANS."
In tree pots and flower pots as ordinarily made water is supplied to the soil in
the pot, either by being poured on the surface of the soil, or being put in a dish or
pan in which the pot is placed. In either case the pot has a central opening at
bottom through which drainage or removal of superfluous water takes place in the
former case, and through which water is supplied to and absorbed by the soil in
the latter case. In seed pans the water is supplied by the former method.
Both of these methods of supplying water are objectionable. In the former
case the supply is intermittent and the soil is alternately flooded and drained,
while the temperature of the water supplied is generally much lower than that of
the soil and atmosphere.
In the latter case the supply of water is more regular, but as the opening or
openings at the bottom of the pot are closed by the water in which it is immersed,
no current of air passes through and ventilates the soil.
In tree pots, flower pots, and seed pans constructed according to my Invention
these objections are obviated, the water is supplied slowly and continuously to the
soil, while the opening or openings in the bottom of the pot or pan are left
uncovered, and the soil is effectually ventilated and drained.
In constructing tree pots, flower pots, and seed pans according to my Invention,
I make the body of the pot or pan of any required shape, plain or ornamental, the
lower part of the pot or pan being made wholly or in part of unglazed earthenware
or porous material. The bottom of the pot or pan is provided with the usual
opening or openings. Surrounding the lower part of the pot or pan is an annular
trough formed in one piece with the pot or pan, the underside of this trough being
by preference provided with feet, which raise the bottom of the pot or pan slightly
above the level of the surface on which the pot or pan stands. In using the pot or

page_text: pan water is poured into the annular trough, and passes through the porous lower
part of the pot or pan to the soil by which it is absorbed.
The opening or openings in the bottom of the pot being open to the air the soil
is well ventilated, the said opening or openings also serving to drain the soil.
Fragments of pottery ware are loosely placed over the said opening or openings in
the ordinary way before filling the pot with soil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARKERS FOR LAWN TENNIS, BILLIARDS, AND OTHER GAMES, AND FOR other PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Douglas and Edward
John Collis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July
1881.
WILLIAM HENRY DOUGLAS, Jeweller, and EDWARD JOHN COLLIS, Mining
Engineer, both of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MARKERS FOR LAWN TENNIS, BILLIARDS, AND OTHER GAMES, AND FOR other
PURPOSES."
Within a metallic box we place two slides, which are kept apart from one another
endways by means of a spiral or other spring between them. Each side is provided
with a spring catch which takes into a ratchet wheel mounted upon a spindle
passing up through an opening in the slides. A shank from each slide projects
through the box, and as it is pushed in by the operator, the ratchet wheel is moved
a tooth and thus moves the dial or hand to shew the number marked. The hand
or dial is pushed forwards or backwards according to which slide is moved, one
slide actuating the ratchet wheel one way and the other the other way. A second
dial or hand may be actuated from the spindle aforesaid by means of what is known
as a moon and planets, or equivalent mechanism, to mark tens, hundreds, etc., or other
figures or letters as desired. In place of the slides and shanks for actuating the
ratchet wheels, a hand outside the case may be employed to actuate a single ratchet
wheel one tooth at a time, the said ratchet wheel being held in position by a spring
or springs, the ends of which are curved to fit into the ratchet teeth so as to allow
of the wheel being moved backwards and forwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MAIZE FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF MEAL AND OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Muir at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th August 1881.
JOHN MUIR, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain,
Brewer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING MAIZE FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF MEAL
AND OTHER PRODUCTS THEREFROM."
This Invention has for its object to simplify and improve the treatment of
maize, and consists in applying a combination of processes which does not require
any new apparatus, but on the contrary dispenses with apparatus sometimes used
for separating the germ of the maize from the perisperm.
In carrying out the Invention the maize is first broken, cracked, or bruised in
the ordinary way by means of rollers, or millstones, or steel discs, and with or
without sizing has the detached husks separated by sifting or fanning; any meal or
flour, also separated, being returned; the bruised grain is then passed into a
machine of the kind known as a pan mill, or as edge stones or edge runners, in
which a grinding or rubbing action detaches the germs; but in order that in this
operation the perisperm may not be too much ground down or reduced, a suitable
proportion of the germs separated from previously treated grain is added to the
materials, and along with the germs already in those materials acts as a cushion to
protect the broken grain, whilst being itself rubbed off the hard grain so as to be
in an easily separable condition; the materials are afterwards separated by
ordinary sifting processes.
Instead of the germs being added, as hereinbefore described, meal or flour of
maize, or the meal, or flour, or germ of any other suitable corn or seed may be
employed, or any other suitable substance of a similar nature; or a sufficient
proportion of the soft or cushioning substance may be obtained by originally
breaking, cracking, or bruising the maize in a manner to produce a larger proportion
of meal or flour than is commonly obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH BOTTLES OR RECEPTACLES FOR AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR OPENING THE SAME."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Needham Wilkinson and
Ishmael William Lister at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th September 1881.
"
WILLIAM NEEDHAM WILKINSON and ISHMAEL WILLIAM LISTER, both of Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN CONNECTION WITH
BOTTLES OR RECEPTACLES FOR AERATED AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN APPLIANCES
FOR OPENING THE SAME."
Our Invention relates in the first place to the bottles which are closed by means
of an internal stopper or valve. We form the bottle with a neck of a globular
shape or of a shape suitable to contain a stopper of a spherical form or of a form
which will permit of the partial rotation hereinafter referred to. We form a
passage through the stopper, or we form channels or a channel extending partly
around the stopper. The arrangement is such as that when the stopper is partly
rotated or turned a passage or passages is or are opened for the escape of gas from
the bottle or for the passage of fluid. The stopper is or may be provided with a
projection whereby it may be turned, and the mouth of the bottle may be bell-
mouthed or otherwise adapted to permit of the movement of this projection. In
some cases we apply an elastic band or spring to hold the stopper in the position
to close the mouth, especially in cases wherein the bottle is adapted to contain
fermented liquids. In the second place we provide bottles or the stoppers of bottles
with elastic relief valves or with relief valves which are kept closed by means of
elastic bands, parts, or springs, such valves acting to relieve the bottles from
excessive pressure. In the third place we form bottle openers with passages which
regulate the escape of gas so as to prevent the overflow of the liquid when the
stopper is pressed inwards. We prefer to provide the opener with an elastic pad
or valve of caoutchouc or other suitable material, which closes the mouth of the
bottle when the stopper is pressed inwards. A small passage for gas is provided,
the gas issuing upwards and outwards from the side of the opening, which may be
provided with a port or may be otherwise arranged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lumb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1881.
JAMES LUMB, of Elland, in the County of York, Brass Founder and Finisher.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS."
This Invention relates to the class of lubricators (mainly employed for lubricating
the cylinders of steam engines) in which by means of an eccentric a ram or piston
is raised (and returned so as to expel the lubricant) by means of a spring or
tappet. The object of this Invention is to dispense with the springs or other like
appliances heretofore employed for operating the ram or piston on its return stroke,
and to utilize the steam pressure for working the said ram or piston when
expelling or injecting the oil or lubricant.
Lubricators constructed according to this my said Invention comprise a steam
tight receptacle for the lubrication cylinder and ram or piston, the latter having
an enlarged or button shaped head. The piston or ram is lifted as usual by means
of lever, catch wheel, and eccentric; when the latter passes its "beak" or throw
the piston is free, whereon the pressure of steam upon the button head, an enlarged
area for steam pressure, at once forces the piston or ram down forcing out or
expelling the lubrication.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING BRICKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas le Poidevin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1881.
THOMAS LE POIDEVIN, of the Island of Guernsey. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR MOULDING BRICKS."
My Invention relates to an improved apparatus for moulding bricks.
The apparatus consists of a mould frame having a number of brick moulds, and
constructed of longitudinal bars notched or grooved to receive pallet boards which
form cross divisions between them, and are held at the proper distances apart to
form the moulds. The mould frame may be of any convenient length, and is so
constructed as to be readily put together and taken to pieces. It is preferably
constructed of three longitudinal bars equal in depth to the width of a brick, the
central one having grooves or notches across its two sides at distances apart equal
to the thickness of a brick to hold the pallet boards, and the two side ones are
correspondingly notched or grooved on their inner sides. These longitudinal bars
are set at distances apart equal to the length of a brick, and are tied together by
hooked or other tie bars at the ends, the pallet boards (whose width or depth is
equal to, and whose length slightly exceeds the width and length of a brick
respectively) being inserted in the grooves or notches of the longitudinal bars, and
held up edgewise between them.
The apparatus also comprises a heavy roller adapted to be drawn along on top
of the mould frame for the purpose of forcing the clay into the moulds, the roller
being mounted in a frame provided with plates set obliquely to gather the clay
beneath the roller, and with a scraper to scrape and smooth the top surface of the
moulded bricks.
The method of moulding the bricks is as follows:-The mould frame is fitted
together, as above described, and laid upon a cement hack formed of a layer of
concrete covered with cement corresponding in width to the mould frame a few
inches high, and of any required length according to the number of bricks to be
made. This forms the bottom of the moulds. The mass of prepared clay is placed
upon the mould frame and forced into the moulds between the pallet boards by
means of the roller and scraper, whereby a large number of bricks are moulded at
once.

page_text: The longitudinal bars of the mould frame are then unlocked and removed,
leaving the pallet boards between the moulded bricks. The mould frame is then
fitted together again with more pallet boards and placed farther along the cement
hack, and a fresh lot of bricks moulded in the same way, and so on.
The moulded
bricks are allowed to remain a day or two to dry, and are then removed and
skintled or stacked in the form of a hack at either side of the cement hack on
which they were moulded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING SWITCHES FOR STREET TRAMWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hitchen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th June 1881.
RICHARD HITCHEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-ACTING SWITCHES FOR STREET TRAMWAYS."
The object of this Invention is so to construct and arrange the switches or
points of street tramways as to dispense with the necessity for switch-men, or for
the conductor leaving the car to arrange the switch when passing from the main
line into a side street, or onto another line.
The movable switch or point is connected by a pin or stud passing through a
slot in the plate or rail to a bell crank lever, and this lever is connected by an
arm to a long rod running beneath the plate or rail.
At a certain distance in advance of the switch or point one end of this rod is
connected by a bell crank lever and vertical arm to a hinged plate working
through a slot in the groove of the plate or rail, and projecting slightly above the
bottom of the groove in the form of an inclined plano, but not sufficiently high to
come in contact with the flange of the ordinary wheels of the car.
The car is fitted with a small wheel or roller capable of rising and falling, and
held up out of the groove of the plate or rail by means of a spiral or other spring.
So long as the cars are desired to continue on the main line, the switch or point
remains in its normal position; but when the driver wishes to shunt into a side
street or onto another line, he depresses the small wheel or roller (either by the
band or foot), and on approaching the switch or point, the small wheel coming onto
the inclined plane depresses the hinged plate, and by means of the rod and bell-
crank levers pushes over the switch or point into the required position.
At a sufficient distance beyond the points to allow the hind wheels of the car to
be quito clear, there is a second hinged plato, which is also connected by an arm
and bell-crank lever to the other end of the long rod, and as the car passes over
this part, the small wheel or roller depresses this second hinged plate and causes
the long rod to return the switch or point into its original position, or open to theo
main line, in which position it will remain until the driver of one of the cars
depresses his small wheel or roller, when his car will be duly shunted as above
ibed, and the point returned again to its original position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1881.
THOMAS MOORE, of South Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of York.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES."
This Invention has more especially for its object to provide a weigh bridge that
can be constructed at a comparatively small cost, and so as to be suitable for
farmers and others having to weigh cattle and other live stock.
For this purpose the bed or frame of the machine is composed of a strong and
light rectangular frame, by preference made of angle iron; upon this all the other
parts of the machine are carried so that the weighing machine is self contained.
The weighing platform upon which the articles to be weighed are placed is
arranged to be supported upon four Vor knife edges formed at the end of four
short lever arms that stand out laterally from two parallel horizontal axes or weigh
shafts; these-weigh shafts are supported by bearing surfaces on the frame; there is
one such axis or weigh shaft below each end of the platform, and each shaft has
two of these arms standing out from it in a direction towards the other shaft.
The parts of the shaft that rest on the bearings are formed to a knife edge, whilst
the bearing surfaces are of an obtuse V form.
The end of each weigh shaft has a cranked lever arm; these lever arms stand
out laterally from the shaft and meet at the centre of one side of the machine; here
they have a knife edge and rest on the lower end of a link or rod which hangs
down from a lever, the support for which rises up from the fixed bed or frame,
The weight on the platform can thus be measured by a spring balance; the levers
are made for instance fourteen to one, so that one pound on the spring equals one
stone on the platform; the balance may also be acted on direct from the centre rod
when required, thus doing without the top lever.
The platform may carry railings or frames at its sides to keep cattle on the
platform whilst being weighed.
AN IMPROVED PLATE TO SECURE BY MEANS OF SCREWS (IRON, BRASS, AND OTHER METAL), HINGES, AND OTHER FITTINGS TO WOODWORK
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richard Gough at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th August 1881.
JOHN RICHARD GOUGH, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Carpenter.
"AN IMPROVED PLATE TO SECURE BY MEANS OF SCREWS (IRON, BRASS, AND
OTHER METAL), HINGES, AND OTHER FITTINGS TO WOODWORK."
My Invention relates to that class of hinges and other fittings whose plates
require to be sunk flush with surface of woodwork.
The plates now in use the sinking flush is generally accomplished by means of a
chisel or saw and chisel.
The improved plate is in the form of a succession of attached segments of circles
or other geometric figure that could admit of being fitted to woodwork by means
of brace and bit (without the aid of chisel or other like tool).
The character of the Invention will not be altered by the size of fittings, the
longer the fittings the further apart the centres; and the wider the fittings the
larger the radius of bit to be used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEDDING APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Flather at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1881.
ABRAHAM FLATHER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Jacquard Machine
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEDDING APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
My Improvements in shedding apparatus consist in the employment of one
or more chains of tappits which work upon barrels fixed to the top rail of the
loom. When a positive motion of the healds is required, I employ two chain barrels
and upon a fulcrum midway underneath the barrels I mount a series of levers
according to the number of healds in the loom. The tappits act upon these levers
and raise or lower them when required, the motion of the first set of levers being
communicated to a second set to which the top heald rods are attached. The
variations in the extent of the rise and fall of the healds, when several sets are
employed, can be regulated by connecting the two sets of levers at different
distances between the two fulcrums. The tappit barrels are connected by toothed
wheels, and one barrel receives motion from any convenient part of the loom,
provision being made for throwing the driving mechanism out of gear by means
of peg wheel, friction box, or other apparatus, so as to admit of the operation of
"lagging back" when requisite.
66
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1881.
JOHN BARLOW, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS."
My improvements are equally applicable to joint chairs and intermediate chairs.
Each chair consists of a base plate of the required length, on the upper side of
which is cast or otherwise formed a jaw to clip one side of the rail it has to carry;
the inside of this jaw aproximates to the shape of the side of the rail; the base-
plate has a slot cast or otherwise formed in it, the outer end of this slot is formed
square or slightly tapered, the inner end of the slot being formed at an angle
inclining downwards towards the centre of the chair. The other jaw of the chair
baving its inside aproximating to the shape of the side of the rail, is a loose piece
having a projection on its lowest side nearly the length of the loose jaw, and of a
shape to correspond to the shape of and fit into the slot in the base plate before
named, the projection on its inner end is reversely inclined to the inclined end of
the slot in the base plate. By such means when the fixed jaw and base plate has
been keyed, bolted, or otherwise secured at the proper guage onto a sleeper, base
plate, or other foundation, and the rail has been placed in position, it can be firmly
secured therein by simply placing the loose jaw in the slot of the base plate and
wedging it home by a spike, drift, or screw bolt. In order to prevent accurate
fitting a slip of wood may be inserted between the inclined end of the loose jaw
and the inner end of the slot in the base plate. Instead of the slot in the base plate
I may prefer to cut away portions of each side of the base plate, and instead of
the projection on the lowest side of the loose jaw I substitute two projections
which clip the base plate, such projections on the inner ends being reversely
inclined to inclines on each side of the base plate; chairs so constructed may be
made of cast metal, steel, or wrought iron. By such means I am enabled to
dispense with fish plates and wood keys or wedges, such chairs being equally
adapted to any section of rail.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brown and Henry William
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1881.
WILLIAM BROWN and HENRY WILLIAM BROWN, both of Selkirk, North Britain,
Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING."
This Invention relates to the treatment of animal substances, such, for example,
as hair, wool, silk, or yarns or fabrics produced from the same, and consists in
effecting the more permanent dyeing or fixing of aniline colors upon and on the
materials before mentioned.
In carrying out our Invention, so far as the same is applicable to dyeing purposes,
we take a solution of a salt of alumina, such, for example, as alum, and we add to
the same a solution of a caustic alkali, such, for example, as caustic soda, and to the
admixture so obtained we add the aniline dye it is desired to employ, such, for
example, as blue, green, red, or purple. The mixture thus resulting is added to
and mixed with the water which is employed in the dyeing vessel at an elevated
temperature, and the animal substances or fabrics before mentioned are then
subjected to the dyeing action of the bath, and are subsequently washed in water,
as is well understood. We may also remark that the aniline dyes may be in the
first instance prepared in conjunction with an admixture obtained from salts
of alumina and caustic alkali, so that the manufacturer desiring to carry out
this Invention could obtain the dyeing or printing material complete and ready
for use.
In carrying out this Invention for the purposes of printing, we prepare the color
with the admixture, as above described, and then thicken the same, as is well
understood, for printing purposes; the goods or fabrics printed may then be subse-
quently subjected to the action of heat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING OR FORMING OF GROOVES OR INDENTATIONS WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY RAILS AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE ABOVE PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Halcomb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th November 1881.
"
CHARLES HENRY HALCOMB of the Limes Sheffield in the County of York,
Manufacturer and Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ROLLING OR FORMING OF
GROOVES OR INDENTATIONS WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE SPECIALLY APPLICABLE
TO RAILWAY OR TRAMWAY RAILS AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE ABOVE PURPOSES
This invention consists of a mode or method of forming grooves or indentations
in such articles as Railway Rails or Tramway Rails after such mils have been
rolled in a rolling mill and before they have cooled or after they have cooled by
being reheated and in such a position in the rail as it has hitherto been im-
practicable commercially to have a groove formed that is to say in the angle of the
web of the head and foot of the rail. The apparatus by which this is accomplished
is a rolling mill in which rolls or portions of rolls are employed of the required
form and the rail or such article is placed at an anglo to the motion of the rolls or
the apparatus may consist of hot saws placed at an angle and the rail or such
article is passed through between the hot saws but the rail itself is placed in a
vertical position.