IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING, DEODORIZING, AND UTILIZING SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE AND DELETERIOUS MATTERS, AND. FOR MACHINERY THEREIN EMPLOYED
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Judge Hays, of Hertingforbury, in the
County of Hertford, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PURIFYING, DEODORIZING, AND UTILIZING SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE AND
DELETERIOUS MATTERS, AND. FOR MACHINERY THEREIN EMPLOYED."
Sealed the 17th February 1871, and dated the 20th August 1870..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Judge Hays
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th August 1870.
I, JOSEPH JUDGE HAYS, of Hertingforbury, in the County of Hertford,.
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-.
PROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING, DEODORIZING, AND UTILIZING SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE
AND DELETERIOUS MATTERS, AND FOR MACHINERY THEREIN EMPLOYED," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of a two-fold process whereby the solids
contained in sewage or other refuse or other deleterious matter contained
in water are deposited and converted into manure or other solid
matter and the aqueous portions purified by filtration through peat
charcoal.

page_text: To carry out this process I construct, firstly, a machine for mixing
ground peat, peat charcoal, or other earthy carbonaceous and metallic
matters with the sewage or other deleterious matter as the same issues
from the main drain, sewer pipe, or other outlet, or they may be mixed
together at any other point as circumstances may determine or require.
This machine consists of a rotating wheel carrying blades or arms and
partially immersed in the fluid sewage or other deleterious matter.
This wheel rotates in a chamber over which is a screw arrangement or
other contrivance for supplying a given quantity of dust ground from
peat, or peat charcoal, or other absorbent material of a similar character
as the case may be. The screw for feeding the dust to the wheel is
made to turn by means of a small water wheel actuated by the flow of
the sewage or other deleterious matter, and thus when once regulated to
supply a certain quantity of peat charcoal dust to a given quantity of
sewage or other deleterious matter it continues self-acting. The herein-
before described mixing machine may when necessary be set in motion
by steam or other power and amalgamates the sewage with the dust
which are made to flow together by suitable channels into settling
reservoirs or tanks. These tanks should be arranged in series in order
to facilitate the removal of the manure or other deposited matter from
one or more while the remainder are receiving the sewage or other
deleterious matters from the mixers. The mixture of peat charcoal
with the solid portions of sewage forms a good manure which on the
addition of a smaller proportion of dry peat charcoal dust becomes
sufficiently dry for transport.
་
The purification and deodorization of the liquids which are allowed to
pass off from the settling tanks form the second part of my Invention,
and is conducted as follows:-The arrangement I prefer to adopt consists
of a series of parallel banks of gravel or dry masonry so constructed as
to permit the water from the sewage to pass freely without allowing any
solid particles of the filtering materials to go through. Between two
of these parallel walls I place the filtering mixture which consists of
ground peat charcoal mixed with sand, ground burnt clay, or other
materials that may be conveniently obtainable. This is preferable to
employing charcoal alone, it forms-a more complete filter, and the fluids
remain in contact with the charcoal for a longer period, a large, filtering
area being obtained without a proportionately increased quantity of
charcoal. The fluid portions of the sewage by this arrangement flow

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Judge Hays in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JUDGE HAYS, of Hertingfordbury, in the County of Hertford, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
forth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Judge Hays, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PURIFYING, DEODORIZING, AND UTILIZING SEWAGE AND OTHER REFUSE AND
DELETERIOUS MATTERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Joseph Judge Hays, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly. describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :—
My Invention has a two-fold object, namely, the deposit of the solids
contained in sewage or other refuse or deleterious matters contained in
water, or the conversion thereof into manure and other solid matter.

page_text: Also the purification of the aqueous portions by filteration through peat
charcoal and other substances.
To carry out this two-fold object I use a process of mixing ground
peat, peat charcoal, or other earthy carbonaceous and metallic matters
with the sewage or other deleterious matters as the same issue from the
main drain, sewer pipe, or other outlet, though they may be mixed together
at any other point as circumstances may determine or require. This
I prefer to effect in a machine consisting of a rotatory wheel carrying
blades or arms and partially immersed in the fluid sewage or other
deleterious matter. This wheel rotates in a chamber over which is a
screw arrangement working in a hopper or other contrivance for
supplying a given quantity of dust, ground from peat or peat charcoal
or other absorbing material of a similar character as the case may be.
The screw for feeding the dust to the wheels should be made to turn by
means of a small water wheel actuated by the flow of the sewage or other
deleterious matter or by any other contrivance, and thus when once
regulated to supply a certain quantity of peat charcoal dust (to a given
quantity of sewage or other deleterious matter) it continues self-acting.
The herein-before described mixing machine may, when necessary, be
set in motion by steam or other power and amalgamates the sewage
with the dust which are made to flow together by suitable channels into
settling reservoirs or tanks. These tanks should be arranged in series
in order to facilitate the removal of the manure or other deposited
matter from one or more, the remainder receiving the sewage or other
deleterious matters from the mixers. The mixture of peat charcoal with
the solid portions of sewage forms a good manure which on the addition
of a small proportion of dry peat charcoal dust becomes sufficiently dry
for transport.
The purification and deodorization of the liquids which are allowed to
pass off from the settling tanks forms the second part of my Invention,
and is conducted as follows:-To carry out these processes I prefer to
adopt the following arrangements, namely, I use a series of parallel banks
of gravel or dry masonry constructed so as to permit the water from the
sewage to pass freely without allowing any solid particles of the filtering
materials to go through. Between two of these parallel walls I place
the filtering mixture which consists of ground burnt clay, chalk in
lumps, or other materials that may be conveniently obtainable. This is
preferable to employing charcoal alone, as the chalk in lumps absorbs

page_text: any chlorine whilst the charcoal absorbs gases other than chlorine.
Thus a more complete filter is formed and the fluids remain in contact
with the charcoal for a longer period, a large filtering area being obtained
without a proportionally increased quantity of charcoal. The fluid
portions of the sewage by this arrangement flow between each alternate
pair of parallel walls, pass through the filters and flow off on the
opposite side.
The Drawing or diagram which accompanies these Presents and
illustrates the mode of application of the aforesaid mixing machine and
filteration arrangements having words and letters placed thereon
specifying the parts on which they are placed will conjointively with
the above description fully exemplify the nature of my Invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed or put in
practice.
Having now particularly described the nature and object of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I hereby
declare that I claim the Invention of the herein described improvements
in purifying, deodorizing, and utilizing sewage and other refuse, and
deleterious matters, and wherein the use of ground peat or peat charcoal
in powder mixed in manner aforesaid and the filtration of the mixed
liquid or surplus water after the solid sewage has subsided are peculiar
features.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Judge Hays, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.
JOSEPH JUDGE HAYS. (L.S.)
Witness,
THOMAS MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street,
Charing Cross.