A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR IMPELLED BY COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER FLUID OR LIQUID.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Emil Wernckinck, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR IMPELLED
BY COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER FLUID OR LIQUID.'
Sealed the 26th April 1876, and dated the 29th December 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Emil Wernekinck at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th December 1876.
I, EMIL WERNEKINCK, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “A NEW OR IMPROVED
MOTOR IMPELLED BY COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER FLUID OR LIQUID," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a motor applicable for many
purposes for which steam is not so convenient of application, such as
for street tram cars, for mining, underground purposes, and for small
trades in inhabited houses.
My improvements consist in the production of a low pressure
compressed air motor without piston or stuffing box friction, all as
herein-after described.

page_text: To the cast-iron ends of a compressed air distributing chamber are by
bolts attached air-tight two bellows, which by preference are made of
vulcanized canvas rubber sewn together at suitable places, but also may
be of leather or other suitable material. The other outer ends of the
bellows terminate in wrought-iron plates also attached air-tight by bolts.
The two bellows thus form two air-tight closed chambers. The com-
pressed air is admitted alternately to them by means of an oscillating
slide valve, the seat of which is formed in a small box framing bolted to
and between the two end plates of the air distributing chamber. The
whole engine is thus light and easy to make. To the wrought-iron end
plates of the bellows I fasten, say, four external bolts, which join the
said plates together, so that if one bellows is extended or blown out the
other is compressed or emptied (the air blowing off through the exhaust
passage). The power is transmitted to a fly wheel shaft through the
usual connecting rod and crank. The oscillating slide is worked from
an eccentric on the fly wheel shaft. By this construction the waste of
impelling fluid is reduced to a minimum.
When the bellows have more than four parts the central part or parts
must be guided so as to prevent the bulging out to one side.
The air is admitted to the chamber by a pipe on the top cover of same
which also carries two valves opening inwards in order to prevent the
exhaustion and collapsing of the bellows by the pressure of the outer air
when the engine continues to run a few turns after the air supply las
been cut off suddenly.
The engine is also applicable for being worked by means of other fluids
than air, and for water, in which latter case the areas of the supply pipe
and ports have to be increased because of the smaller velocity of the
water.
Instead of the oscillating slide valve an ordinary or other slide valve
or cock may be used, and the engine may where required be reversed
by any well-known link motion or other reversing mechanism or double
valves.

page_text: SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Emil
Wernckinck, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th July
*1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EMIL
WERNEKINCK, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Emil Wernekinck, Her
special licence that I, the said Emil Wernekinck, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Emil Wernekinck,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
** A NEW OR IMPROVED MOTOR IMPELLED BY COMPRESSED AIR OR OTHER FLUID OR
LIQUID," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Emile
Wernckinck, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in.
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Emil Wernekinck, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,
that is to say:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a motor applicable for many
purposes for which steam is not so convenient of application, such as
for street tram cars, for mining, underground purposes, and for small

page_text: trades in inhabited houses. Gas, water pressure, and other engines are
now applied to many such purposes, but it appears that compressed air
has many advantages, at all events in many cases.
Without taking
into account that water power is available for air compression in many
localities, and that wind power even may be used, it is obvious that
even where such natural power is not available or convenient the air
may be compressed by large steam engines centrally placed, and be
transmitted by pipes or receivers and used for tram cars, in mines, and
in small shops. For such purposes piston engines are not so suitable, a
high pressure cannot well be used because of the heat generated in
compression, and if cooled during compression the cold produced by
subsequent expansion produces objectionable results. For practical
purposes a compression of 4-5 atmospheres has been found suitable as
a maximum; in cases where this has been exceeded it has been justified
by the aim of reducing the size of cylinder.
My improvements consist in the production of a low-pressure com-
pressed air motor without piston or stuffing box friction, all as herein-
after described.
Figure 1 is a vertical elevation partly in section of my machine;
Figure 2 is a vertical cross section through the air distributing chamber
. of the engino; and Figure 3 is a plan of the engine.
To the cast-iron ends a and a¹ of a compressed air distributing
chamber B are by bolts attached air-tight two bellows b, b, which by
preference are made of vulcanized canvas rubber sewn together at
suitable places, but also may be of leather or other suitable material.
The other outer ends of the bellows terminate in wrought-iron platės c
and c', also attached air-tight by bolts. The two bellows thus form two
air-tight closed chambers. The compressed air is admitted alternately
to them by means of an oscillating slide valve d, the seat of which is
formed in a small box framing i bolted to and between the two end
plates of the air distributing chamber with its side walls g, g. The
whole engine is thus light and easy to make. To the wrought-iron end
plates c and c¹ of the bellows I fasten, say four external bolts which
join the said plates together, so that if one bellows is extended or blown
out the other is compressed or emptied (the air blowing off through the
exhaust passage). The power is transmitted to a fly wheel shaft through
the usual connecting rod and crank. The oscillating slide is worked.

page_text: from an eccentric on the fly wheel shaft. By this construction the
waste of impelling fluid is reduced to a minimun.
When the bellows have more than four parts the central part or
parts must be guided so as to prevent the bulging out to one side.
The air is admitted to the chamber B by a pipe A. on the top cover of
same, which also carries two valves and r¹ opening inwards, in order
to prevent the exhaustion and collapsing of the bellows by the pressure
of the outer air when the engine continues to run a few turns after the
air supply has been cut off suddenly.
The engine is also applicable for being worked by means of other
fluids than air, and for water, in which latter case the areas of the
supply pipe and ports have to be increased because of the smaller
velocity of the water.
Instead of the oscillating slide valve an ordinary or other slide valve
or cock may be used, and the engine may where required be reversed by
any well known link motion or other reversing mechanism or double
valves.
And having thus fully described this Invention I declare that I
claim,-
Firstly. The general arrangement of machinery as shown and as
described.
Secondly. The arrangement of two bellows joined by bolts, and with
intervening fluid distributing chamber as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Emil Wernekinck, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
T4AT