IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WEAVING LOOPED PILE FABRICS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stewart Templeton, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WEAVING LOOPED PILE
FABRICS."
Scaled the 3rd April 1872, and dated the 13th October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stewart Templeton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th October 1871.
I, JOHN STEWART TEMPLETON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WEAVING
LOOPED PILE FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object to improve looped pile fabrics, and
consists in using apparatus whereby a more perfect and permanent form

page_text: is given to the pile loop than is done by the apparatus commonly
employed in weaving such fabrics.
The Invention is applicable in connection with well-known appliances
for producing the looped pile by means of transverso wires inserted in
the sheds as the weaving proceeds, and subsequently withdrawn from the t
fabric as in weaving Brussels carpets, for example. In applying the
present improvements, a considerably larger number of wires are used
than ordinarily, and each wire remains a comparatively longer time in
the fabric, so that the form it tends to give to the loop becomes more set
or fixed.
This result is obtained without altering, or at any rate ]
inconveniently altering, the distance that cach wire when it is withdrawn
has to be carried in order to be introduced into a fresh shed. In one
modification of the improved apparatus the fabric instead of proceeding -
from the "ell over a comparatively broad plate or rail directly to the point
at which the wires are withdrawn, first passes over a narrow plate or rail 1
and then descends to a roller placed underneath, round which it passes
and from which it reascends to a second narrow plate or rail, finally
reaching the point for withdrawing the wires. From the point for
withdrawing the wires the fabric proceeds to the take up roller in the
ordinary way; or the object may be attained by making the fabric 2
traverse any conveniently elongated course arranged by suitable guide
rails or rollers to return to a proper position for withdrawing the
wires.
•
In order to still further improve the pile loops and render them more
permanent in form, heat is applied to the fabric whilst the wires are in 2
it, and at or near the lower part of the elongated course the fabric is
made to take in order that such heat may not be inconveniently felt in
the upper part of the loom. The heat may be conveniently applied by
admitting steam to a metal box in contact with or near which the fabric
is made to pass.
3

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Stewart Templeton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JÓÙN
STEWART TEMPLETON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Stewart Templeton, Her special
licence that I, the said John Stewart Templeton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Stewart
Templeton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,- an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN WEAVING LOOPED
PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Stewart Templeton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Stewart Templeton, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to improve looped pile fabrics,
and consists in using as herein-after more particularly described apparatus
or means whereby a more perfect and permanent form is given to the
pile loops than is done by the apparatus commonly employed in weaving
such fabrics.

page_text: My Invention is applicable in connection with well-known appliances
for producing the looped pile by means of transverse wires inserted in
the sheds as the weaving proceeds, and subsequently withdrawn from the
fabric as in weaving Brussels carpets, for example. In applying my
present improvements I employ apparatus constructed and arranged in 5
a novel manner as herein-after described, so as to enable a considerably
larger number of the wires to be used than has been usual heretoforc,
and further to enable each wire to remain a comparatively longer time
in the fabric, so that the form it tends to give to the loops becomes moro
´set or fixed than in fabrics woven in the ordinary looms. This result is 1
obtained by changing the ordinary direct lino of travel of the newly
woven part of the fabric between the fell and the taking-up roller, and
deflecting that line of travel so that while the relativo positions of the
fell and the taking-up roller remain the same, there is a much longer
length of newly woven fabric between them in which the wires can be 1
advantageously left for a longer time than in looms of the ordinary
construction. The object is effected without altering, or at any rate
inconveniently altering, the distance that cach wire when it is withdrawn
has to be carried in order to be introduced into a fresh shed.
In order to still further improve the pile loops and to render them 2
more permanent in form, I in some cases apply heat to the fabric whilst
the wires are in it, and so arrange my heating apparatus that the heat is
applied so as not to produce inconvenience.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing
the arrangement which I believe to be the most advantageous for
practically carrying out my improvements.
Figure 1 is a plan of the front part of a loom for weaving looped pile
fabrics; and Figure 2 is a vertical section, as at the line A, A, in
Figure 1. In this arrangement the fabric 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, shown by rcd
lines instead of proceeding from the fell 1 over a comparatively broad
plate or rail directly to the point 5, at which the wires are withdrawn,
first passes over a narrow plate or rail 7, and then descends to a roller 8
placed underneath, round which it passes and from which it reascends ;
to a second comparatively narrow plate or rail 9, over which it continues
its course to the point 5 for withdrawing the wires, passing onwards
2

page_text: are
thence to the take-up roller 10 in the ordinary way. The rails 7, 9,
conveniently made in one casting, which is divided into the two parts by
a slot, down one inner side of which the fabric descends, and up the
other side of which it ascends.
If preferred two rails may, as is obvious, be employed. The rail
casting 7, 9, is bolted to a horizontal frame bar 11, fixed to the side
frames 12, and the roller 8 is held by brackets 13, also fixed to the side
frames 12. This arrangement requires no interference with or alteration
of the mechanism by which the wires are withdrawn and reintroduced;
› but it will be obvious that with it each wire will remain in the fabric
during a period which is as much greater than the ordinary period as the
length of the fabric 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, as taken from the fell 1, round the
roller 8 to the withdrawing point 5, is greater than the distance directly
from the fell 1 to the withdrawing point 5. The length of course
; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, shown in the Drawing is found in practice to be ample for
the purpose in view; but it may obviously be varied if desired by
altering the position of the roller 8, or by using two or more rollers to
guide the fabric in a different course before it returns to the rail 9. The
course of the fabric may also be modified to suit a position (5) for with-
O drawing the wires, differing from the ordinary one relatively to the
position (1) for introducing the wires.
When heat is applied to the fabric it is necessary to take care that it
be so applied as not to inconveniently heat the surface of the fabric or
the inserted wires, and to insure this I apply it to the fabric as it is
5 descending with the wires in it from the inner rail 7 to the roller 8, and
I use for the purpose a simple steam pipe 14, which is bent so as
to run horizontally from side to side any convenient number of times,
and I place the heating apparatus where its heat need not be
inconvenient in proximity with the back or inner side of the descending
0 fabric. I am aware that previous attempts have been made to apply
heat to a looped pile fabric whilst the wires are held in it by means of a
steam box placed in the position occupied by the rail casting 7,9; but
the plan was found not to be successful on account of the difficulty and
serious inconvenience caused by the heated state of the wires and by the
5 upward radiation of the heat in that situation. With the arrangement
of the fabric and heating appliance as herein described and delineated,
the difficulty that has hitherto been experienced is obviated and no
inconvenience is caused, as the fabric takes a long time in travelling from

page_text: the position where the heat is applied before reaching the rail 9, so that
by the time it does so the fabric and wires are well cooled.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to
the precise details herein described or delineated, and that I do not claim
every mode of applying heat to a looped pile fabric whilst the wires are
in it; but that what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
1. The combination and arrangement of parts by means of which a
looped pile fabric is caused to travel through a deflected or elongated
course between the fell and the taking-up roller, or between the point
whereat the wires are introduced and the point whereat the wires are
withdrawn, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described.
3
2. The applying of heat to a looped pile fabric whilst passing with
the wires in it through a course deflected from the direct line between the
point whereat the wires are introduced and the point whereat the wires
are withdrawn, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Stewart Templeton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of
March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two.
]
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
J. S. TEMPLETON. (L.S.)