IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hornsby Carruthers and Stephen Alley,
both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers,
for the Tnvention of 66 T
Sealed the 29th November 1870, and dated the 1st June 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hornsby Carruthers
and Stephen Alley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st June 1870.
We, JOHN HORNSBY CARRUTHERS, and STEPHEN ALLEY, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates principally to wheels of the kind described in
the Specification of certain Letters Patent granted to James Baird
Handyside, and dated the 12th May 1869 (No. 1454).
In a wheel of the kind referred to the tire or rim is connected to the
central part or hub by two discs or annular plates of malleable iron or
steel; and one of the present improvements consists in forming the discs
with circular or other corrugations or indentations near the central parts
whilst they are fixed by means of screw bolts or rivets between a
similarly corrugated or indented flange on the hub, and a corrugated or

page_text: indented flanged ring fitting on the hub. In the case of large wheels or
where extra strength is required the discs are additionally corrugated
between the hub flanges and the tire, and connected by screw bolts or
rivets where the corrugated parts meet.
4
By a second part of the Invention the discs are made to grasp the hub
in the manner described in the earlier Specification herein-before referred
to, but are corrugated circularly so as to meet in two or more circles
between the hub and tire, being connected by screw bolts or rivets
where they meet. When the discs are connected to the hub in the
manner referred to, rings are in some cases fixed in between the eyes of
the discs and the body of the hub. The discs, hub, and rings may be
corrugated or indented. To prevent the discs slipping round on the hub
projections are formed in their eyes to fit into corresponding indentations
formed in the hub, such projections being disposed either like the teeth
of a crown wheel or like those of an internally toothed wheel.
spur
By a third part of the Invention the central parts of the discs are bent
outwards instead of inwards, and may be corrugated radially to prevent
slipping round, the hub having corresponding corrugations. These discs
are additionally fixed on the hub when required by fixing or shrinking
rings over their eye flanges when in place.
By a fourth part of the Invention a locomotive driving wheel is made
by fixing on the axle a central part of large enough diameter to include
the crank pin, and connecting such central part to the rim or tire by
two comparatively narrow annular plates. The plates for this modi-
fication may be conveniently formed by taking straight pieces of tapering
thickness across their width, and passing them between a pair of suitably
shaped rolls, which will make them assume the required annular form.
Any wheels may be made with the comparatively large centres and
narrow annular plates.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 30
filed by the said John Hornsby Carruthers and Stephen Alley in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HORNSBY CARRUTHERS and STEPHEN ALLEY, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, send greeting.
38

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said John Hornsby Carruthers and Stephen Alley, Her
special licence that we, the said John Hornsby Carruthers and Stephen
Alley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said John Hornsby Carruthers and Stephen Alley, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John
Hornsby Carruthers and Stephen Alley, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Hornsby Carruthers and
Stephen Alley, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates principally to wheels of the kind described
in the Specification of certain Letters Patent granted to James Baird
Handyside, and dated the 12th May 1869 (No. 1454).
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we hereunto append a Sheet of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing
various modifications of railway wheels as made with our improvements.
The improvements are also obviously applicable to other than railway
wheels, the parts being suitably modified in each different application as
regards their strength and proportions. The same reference numerals
are used in the Drawings to mark the same or like parts wherever they
are repeated.

page_text: In a wheel of the kind to which our improvements are applied the
tire or rim 1 is connected to the central part or hub 2 by two discs or
annular plates 3, 4, of malleable iron or steel; and one of our improve-
ments, which is shown in section and in face view in Figures 2 and 3,
consists in forming the discs 3, 4, with circular (or other) corrugations or
indentations 5, 6, near their central parts, whilst they are fixed by means
of screw bolts or rivets between a similarly corrugated or indented flange
7 on the hub 2, and a corrugated or indented flanged ring 8 fitting on
the hub. In the case of large wheels or where extra strength is required
we additionally corrugate the discs 3, 4, between the hub flanges 7, 8,
and the tire 1, and connect them by screw bolts or rivets where the
corrugated parts meet, as shown in the section, Figure 6.
By a second part of our Invention, and which is illustrated by
Figures 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 16, and 17, the discs 3, 4, are made to
grasp the hub 2 in the manner described in the earlier Specification
herein-before referred to, but are corrugated circularly so as to meet in
two or more circles 9, 10, Figures 4 and 5, between the hub 2 and tire 1,
being connected by screw bolts or rivets where they meet, and by
preference having rings interposed between them and the nuts and heads
of the bolts or rivets. When the discs 3, 4, are connected to the hub 2
in the manner referred to we in some cases fix rings 11, Figures 7, 8, in
between the eyes of the discs and the body of the hub, and we sometimes
corrugate or indent the discs 3, 4, hub 2, and rings 11, to prevent the
discs from slipping round upon the hub. In other cases we prevent the
discs 3, 4, from slipping round upon the hub 2 by forming projections in
their eyes to fit into corresponding indentations formed in the hub, such
projections being disposed either like the teeth of a crown wheel, as
shown in Figures 10 and 11, or like those of an internally toothed spur
wheel, as shown in Figures 16 and 17. A convenient way of obtaining
these interlocking projections and indentations is shown in Figures 12
and 13, and consists in inserting pins 12 radially into the hub 2, so as to
cross and so form projections at the bottoms of the grooves, into which
the eyes of the discs 3, 4, fit, such eyes being notched to engage with
the pins.
By a third part of our Invention the central parts of the discs 3, 4, are
bent outwards, as shown in Figures 9 and 14, instead of being bent
inwards as formerly, and may be corrugated radially as indicated in
Figure 9, to prevent slipping round upon the hub which is formed with

page_text: corresponding corrugations. These discs are additionally fixed on the
hub when required by shrinking or fixing rings 13 over their eye flanges
when in place.
Figure 15 shows a modification of these arrangements in which the
bent out eyes of the discs 3, 4, are corrugated or indented, the hub 2
being corrugated or indented to correspond, as are also the rings 13,
whilst the several parts are fixed together by screw bolts or rivets.
By a fourth part of our Invention a locomotive driving wheel is made,
as shown in section in Figure 1, by fixing on the axle a central part 2, 14,
of large enough diameter to include the crank pin 15, and connecting
such central part to the rim or tire 1 by two comparatively narrow
annular plates 3, 4. The plates (3, 4,) for this modification may be
conveniently formed by taking straight pieces of tapering thickness
across their width, and passing them between a pair of suitably shaped
rolls set so as to reduce the thicker parts, which will make them assume
the required annular form. Any wheels may be made with the com-
paratively large centres and narrow annular plates.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we have to state that
we do not restrict ourselves to the precise details herein described or
delineated, but that what we believe to be novel and original, and claim
as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the constructing of wheels substantially in any of the
improved modes herein-before described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hornsby Carruthers, on behalf
of myself and the said Stephen Alley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
30 Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
J. H. CARRUTHERS. (L.S.)