IMPROVEMENTS IN STOP-COCKS AND VALVES FOR THE DRAWING OFF AND PASSAGE OF AIR, GAS, STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS, OR FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE FOR WHICH THE SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Elmy Garrood, of Chelmsford, in the County
of Essex, Plumber and Glazier, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOP-COCKS AND VALVES FOR THE DRAWING OFF AND PASSAGE OF AIR, GAS,
STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS, OR FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE FOR WHICH
THE SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE."
Scaled the 6th March 1857, and dated the 16th September 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Elmy Garrood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th September 1856.
I, ROBERT ELMY GARROOD, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Plumber
and Glazier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOP-COCKS AND VALVES FOR THE DRAWING OFF AND PASSAGE OF AIR, GAS,
STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS, OR FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE FOR WHICH THE
SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE," to be as follows:-
My improvements for the above purposes consist in the adoption of the
principle of the telescope slide in the following manner :-An outer barrel or
cylinder, having at one end a stuffing box, and towards the other end, on the
inner side thereof, a seating for a valve; a second tube or pipe fitting in and
working through the first described barrel. This inner or sliding tube is fitted
with a valve, having a collar of leather or other suitable material at the inner

page_text: end, next to the supply, and in its sides openings or orifices for the inlet of the
air, gas, steam, water, or other fluids, the outer end being for the passage or
discharge of the same. The opening and shutting of the valve is effected by
means of a lever, having its fulcrum on the outer tube or barrel, and connected
by a rod with the projecting end or nosle of the inner or sliding tube, assisted,
when necessary, by the aid of a weight or spring. By this arrangement
the spindle, guide, and other internal obstructions generally used in cocks or
valves of this description are dispensed with, and a full and unobstructed
passage through the inner tube or waterway is obtained. The area of the
tube and valve may be much smaller than where a spindle and guide are
used, and consequently the resistance to the opening or pressing in of the
valve, and concussion and recoil, when closing at high pressure, is prevented,
perfect command over the same being had by means of the lever and con-
necting rod.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Elmy Garrood in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th March 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
ELMY GARROOD, of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Plumber and Glazier,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Robert Elmy Garrood, Her special licence that I, the said Robert Elmy
Garrood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Robert Elmy Garrood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STOP-COCKS AND VALVES FOR THE DRAWING OFF AND PASSAGE OF AIR, GAS,
STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS, OR FOR ANY OTHER PURPOSE FOR WHICH THE
SAME MAY BE APPLICABLE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Robert Elmy Garrood, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Elmy Garrood, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
My improvements for the above purpose consist in the adoption of the
principle of the telescope slide in the following manner:-An outer barrel or
cylinder, either having or not having a stuffing box at one end, and towards
the other end a chamber and seating for a valve; a tube or pipe fitting in and
working or sliding through the first described barrel. This inner or sliding
tube is fitted with a valve, having, when necessary, a collar of leather or other
suitable material upon its inner end, next to the supply, and having through
its sides, under or near the valve, openings or orifices for the inlet of the air,
gas, steam, water, or other fluids, so that the same fluids may pass through
the sliding tube without obstruction and be discharged at the other end. The
opening and closing of the valve is effected by means of a lever or other
suitable handle or instrument attached to and having its fulcrum on the outer
barrel or cylinder; to this lever is attached a connecting rod, which is carried
down and affixed to the nozle or projecting end of the sliding or inner tube;
or, instead of the lever or handle, the opening and closing of the valve may be
effected by a ball, float, weight, spring, or screw.
The lever or handle being
depressed, the sliding tube lifts the valve, and enters the supply chamber, by
which means the openings or orifices are exposed to the fluids, which enter
through them, and are discharged at the other end of the sliding tube. By
thus adopting the sliding tube, the spindle, guide, and other internal obstruc-
tions generally used and necessary in cocks or valves are dispensed with, and a
full and unobstructed passage through the inner tube or waterway is obtained.
The superficial area of the valve and tube, as used by me, may be smaller than
can be used when a spindle, valve, and guide are used, consequently the
resistance to the opening of the valve is lessened, and the concussion and recoil,
when closing, is prevented, as in lifting or pressing in of the tube the orifices
or openings in the sides of the same are gradually exposed to the fluid; and in
closing they are gradually returned into the outer barrel, by which means
perfect command under high pressure is obtained. By this Invention of the
sliding tube more fluid can be drawn off in a given area than with the ordinary

page_text: spindle valve, and the opening, lifting, and lowering of the said tube being
perfectly regular and gradual, a very important improvement is thus obtained
upon all stop-cocks or valves.
The annexed Drawing shews a tap or valve as constructed according to my
Invention. The outer barrel a is fitted with a stuffing box 6, and has a valve
chamber c, with a seating for a valve d. The inner or sliding tube e passes
through the stuffing box 6 and barrel a; this tube is fitted with a valve f, upon
its inner end, and has in its sides openings or orifices g. The lever or handle h
is connected to studs on the outer barrel by a screw i, which studs and screw
form the fulcrum for the lever. The connecting rod j is attached to the lever,
and carried on to the end of the sliding tube, and attached thereto by a stud or
ring k. The handle or lever being pulled down, the tube e is forced into the
valve chamber c; the fluid then enters the tube at the orifices g, and, passing
along the interior of the tube, is discharged at the end l. On the valve f is
placed a spring m, which assists in keeping the valve to its seat.
At the top
of the chamber c is a screwed cap n, which, being easily removed, gives access
to the valve and spring, and facilitates repairs. Leading from the barrel a
and chamber c is the shank of the tap, having its inlet at o.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
applying and working the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as such details
may be varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention.
I do not claim as my Invention any one part separately, but what I claim is,
a combination of such parts as have never before been used, as shewn in the
Drawing, and described in the Specification, that is to say, the fixing of a valve
upon a hollow tube containing orifices or openings, and the arrangement of
such orifices or openings so that the fluid may be admitted and passed through
the tube gradually, and so that the valve may be closed gradually and without
.concussion.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Elmy Garrood, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
ROBERT ELMY GARROOD. (L.S.)