IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer & Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES."-A communication from
abroad by Mr. Camille Guillaume Michel Magneval, of 29, Boulevart
St. Martin, Paris, Chemist.
Sealed the 23rd July 1861, and dated the 6th February 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
February 1861.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer & Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the preservation of animal substances by the
employment of talc, laminated or scaly, or of other kinds, and generally in the
employment of any other inorganic matters of insoluble nature, or of
argilaceous earths serving as ceramic bodies, or sulphates of baryta, carbonate
of lime, & other matters. All these substances are reduced to powder to be
applied on the animal substances, which are preserved in a fresh state, and

page_text: ultimately brought to a proper state of desiccation. The phenomenon of
desiccation of all matters submitted to preservation is due to the absorption of
fluid being drawn from the centre of the mass to the exterior by the absorbing
body, which transmits this fluid to the ambiant air, which absorbs the damp
more or less readily. For this purpose the desiccation of the substance sub-
mitted to the treatment of preservation is more or less quickly performed
according to the state of the atmosphere. It is thus important that the
substances having been thickly sprinkled with the powder and completely
covered should be exposed to a current of air; for example, hung up in any
suitable way. To hasten the desiccation of these substances I use a strong
current of air generated by means of a rotary fan or otherwise, and either
employing the air in its ordinary state or heated. The desiccation can be
quickened by placing the animal substances under the receiver of a machine in
which a vacuum is created, especially when working on a large scale. In the
treatment for preservation of animal substances I can proceed by employing,
for example,
1st, common salt (chloride of soda) or sugar, or both.
2ndly, salt sprinkled with vinegar.
3rdly, talc or other substance above mentioned, that would imbibe the
vinegar resulting from the distillation of wood, or it may be other strong
vinegar in an acid state, & weighing, for example, 1.010, which has been
previously mixed with salt, or mixed with either one or the other of the before-
mentioned substances, for instance, mixed with powdered talc, & employed in
a state of paste. This treatment is also applicable for the preservation of
hides, by sprinkling them with talc or other absorbent powders on the inside,
and in cases of great heat they are sprinkled also on the opposite side. Hides
of all animals are thus preserved by sprinkling them uniformly with tale or
other powders of inorganic matters of an absorbent and insoluble nature;
alum, for example, in a neutral state in solution or powder, or by forming a
paste with talc or other inorganic matters, strong vinegar or pyroligneous acid,
rectified or not.
Fresh meats, game, and others having been submitted to a suitable degree
of desiccation, in order to preserve them, in this state they are enclosed in a
wooden or other case, taking care to sprinkle the pieces of meat with powder,
for example, with ground mustard or other powder of the same nature, so
that there shall be no empty space in the case. Sawdust can be put in the
case in a small proportion. The meat can also be coated with gelatine, gum,
albumen, or other equivalent substances. The meats having been suitably

page_text: dried are reduced, especially beef, to a state of shavings or powder, and a
small quantity of gelatine is embodied in solution to cement the particles
together, so that when they are submitted to a certain pressure in moulds, for
instance, they may be formed into cakes of preserved beef to be used in
different ways as desired. Waste meat, liver, and other parts may be sub-
mitted to boiling and reduced as much as necessary, and then mixed with the.
gelatine to render the cakes more solid for preserved meat cakes. Cakes thus.
prepared, as also meat and fish preserved in a certain state of desiccation, can,
be covered with a coating of gelatine, gum, or other matter in order to pre-
serve the inside from the action of exterior the agents. These operations are,
effected in the most convenient manner, and the cakes may or may not be
stamped with a particular sign or trade mark, which in the first place indicates
the protected right, and is also a guarantee for the quality of the article.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
August 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 58, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer & Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters,
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at,
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING ANIMAL SUBSTANCES," a communication from abroad
by Camille Guillaume Michael Magneval, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
Chemist, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Clark,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain

page_text: the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next' and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to the preservation of animal substances by the
employment of talc, laminated or scaly, or of other kinds, & generally in the
employment of any other inorganic matters of insoluble nature, or of argil-
laceous earths serving as ceramic bodies, or sulphate of baryta, carbonate of:
lime, and others. All these substances are reduced to powder to be applied
on the animal substances which are preserved in a fresh state, and ultimately
brought to a proper state of desiccation. The phenomenon of desiccation of all
matters submitted to preservation is due to the absorbtion of fluid being.
drawn from the centre of the mass to the exterior by the absorbing body
which transmits this fluid to the ambiant air, the air absorbs the damp more
or less readily; for this reason the desiccation of a substance submitted to the
treatment of preservation, is more or less quickly performed according to the
state of the atmosphere. It is important that the substances after having been
thickly sprinkled with the powder & completely covered, should be exposed to
a current of air; for example, hung up in any suitable way. To hasten the
desiccation of these substances I use a strong current of air generated by
means of a rotary fan or otherwise, and either employing the air in its ordinary
state or heated. The desiccation of animal substances can be quickened by
placing them under the receiver of a machine. in which a vacuum is created,
especially when working on a large scale. In the treatment for preservation
of animal substances, I may proceed by employing, for example,―
First, common salt (chloride of sodium) or sugar, or both.
Secondly, salt sprinkled with vinegar.
Thirdly, tale or other substance above named, that would imbibe the
vinegar resulting from the distillation of wood, or it may be other strong vinegar
in an acid state rectified, & weighing, for example, 1.010, which has been pre-
viously mixed with salt, or mixed with either one or other of the before-men-
tioned substances, for instance, mixed with tale powdered, and used in a state
of paste.
.. This treatment is also applicable for the preservation of bides by sprinkling
'

page_text: them with tale or other absorbent powders on the inside, and in cases of great
heat they are sprinkled also on the opposite side. Hides of all animals are
preserved by sprinkling them uniformly with tale or other powders of inorganic
matters of an absorbent and insoluble nature; alum, for example, in a neutral
state in solution, or in a state of powder, or by forming a paste with tale or
other inorganic matters, and strong vinegar or pyroligneous acid, rectified
or not.
Fresh meats, game, and others having been submitted to a suitable degree
of desiccation, in order to preserve them, in this state are enclosed in
wooden or other cases, taking care to sprinkle the pieces of meat with powder;
for example, ground mustard or other powder of the same nature, so that there
shall be no empty space in the case. Sawdust can be put in the case in small
proportion. The meat can also be coated with gelatine, gum, albumen, &
other equivalent substances. The meats having been suitably dried are reduced,
especially beef, to a state of shavings or powder, and a small quantity of
gelatine is embodied in solution to cement the particles together, so that when
they are submitted to a certain pressure in moulds, for instance, they may be
formed into cakes of preserved beef, to be used in different ways as desired.
Waste meat, liver, and other parts may be submitted to boiling and reduced
as much as necessary, and then mixed with the gelatine to render the cakes of
preserved meat more solid. Cakes thus prepared, as also meat and fish pre-
served in a certain state of desiccation, can be covered with a coating of gelatine,
gum, or other matter, in order to preserve the inside from the action of
exterior agents. These operations are effected in the most convenient manner,
and the cakes may or may not be stamped with a particular sign or trade
mark, which in the first place indicates the protected right, and is also a
guarantee for the quality of the article.
Having described the nature of this Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the preservation of alimentary substances by means of talc, clay,
earths, sulphate of baryta or carbonate of soda, as herein-before described, and
hastening the state of preservation by the employment of a current of air, as
described.
Secondly, the treatment and preservation of alimentary substances or other
azoted matter decomposable in and by the air by means of common salt, sugar,
or salt sprinkled with vinegar; and lastly, with talc or other matter capable of
absorbing moisture.

page_text: Thirdly, the manufacture of the alimentary composition herein-before
described, consisting of meat cut into shavings or otherwise reduced, and
mixed with gelatine, gum, or other adhesive matter, which is afterwards
preserved in the manner described.
Fourthly, the application of the above described processes for the pre-
servation of raw hides, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
}
CLADK