IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS PROAL
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Thomson, of the Grand Hotel, Charing Cross,
in the County of Middlesex, James Mylne, of Osborne House, Notting Hill,
in the same County, and James Bingham Alliott, of Nottingham, in the
County of Nottingham, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Thomson, James Mylne,
and James Bingham Alliott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 19th September 1881.
WALTER THOMSON, of the Grand Hotel, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, JAMES MYLNE, of Osborne House, Notting Hill, in the same County,
and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF JUICE FROM THE
SUGAR CANE."
Our improvements in apparatus for the expression of juice from the sugar cane
have special reference to the requirements of producers of sugar on a small scale.
We use two vertical crushing rolls in combination with a flange to prevent escape
of cane upwards from between them, and an adjustable bar or rod that will allow
expressed juice to drop, but will prevent escape of cane downward from between
the rolls. The rolls are held in a frame that has two longitudinal or cross pieces or
beams firmly supported and kept in place by legs or standards of such length as to
raise the crushing rolls to a convenient height for feeding them with cane, and for
applying the motive power when the lower ends of the legs are imbedded in the
earth deeply enough to hold the whole apparatus firmly fixed during the strains
caused by working. In constructing such mills the rolls may be of cast iron, steel,
wrought iron, or other metal, and are usually either cast or keyed on to their axes
or spindles, though in some cases the roll and its axis may form a single casting or
forging, as the case may be. One of the spindles or axes is prolonged and carries
a lever, whereby animal or other power for working the mill is applied. Each roll
and axis is also provided with a toothed wheel or pinion of metal, by means of
Price 1071

page_text: which the motion communicated to the one roll by the lever is communicated to
the other roll, and the two are caused to revolve synchronously. In some cases we
make the roll, its axis, and its pinion in a single piece of metal casting or forging,
as the case may be. The rolls must be parallel to each other and be made to work
truly. We prefer to fix the longitudinal or cross pieces of the frame to the legs by
means of bolts, which may readily be withdrawn when it is desired to take the
frame to pieces, and easily replaced when it is wished to put it together again.
We also prefer to make the upper cross piece so that it may be removed and put
back again in position, without in any way disturbing the rest of the framework,
so that it may be easily removed for cleaning the rolls and bearings or other
purpose.
In the lower longitudinal or cross piece we arrange end and guide bearings to
receive the lower ends of the axes of the crushing rolls. One of the bearings is so
arranged that it can be forced towards the other by means of a screw or wedge. In
like manner the upper ends of the axes of the rolls are received and carried in
suitable bearings arranged in the upper longitudinal or cross piece, and the bearing
corresponding with the moveable bearing on the lower longitudinal piece is also
made similarly adjustable in the upper one.
The flange to prevent escape of cane upwards from between the rolls is at the
upper end of one of the rolls. The flange (which does not necessarily form a part
of the roll) extends over and in close contact with the upper end of the other roll,
and thus prevents the cane which is passing between the rolls from escaping
upwards.
We prefer to use for this flange the shrouding of one of the toothed wheels or
pinions, which for this purpose is brought into contact with the upper end of the
roll. In this case we provide the other roll with a recess to receive the said flange
or shrouding between the end of the roll and the teeth of its pinion, which must
not be shrouded on the side next the roll, and we attach to the frame a scraper or
finger, so formed and placed as to remove any crushed cane or other matter which
may find its way into this recess.
The bar or rod to prevent escape of cane downwards from between the rolls is
arranged close beneath the lower ends of the rolls at the point where they approach
inost nearly. It is firmly supported and is adjustable sideways.
Beneath the rolls, but above the lower longitudinal piece, we arrange a suitable
receptacle for catching the juice and guiding it away, and this is so arranged as to
-prevent-juice-dropping-on-to-the-roll-bearings-We-furthermore-usually-attach-to-
the frame a plate or block of wood or metal pierced with holes through which the
canes intended to be crushed are passed, and by means of which the number of
canes fed into the mill at one time is regulated, and the canes themselves are
guided.
In small mills the diameter of the crushing rolls is so small that it is very
difficult to introduce a thick cane between them, for the rolls must be kept very
close to one another in order to express as much of the juice as possible from the
cane; and in practice in small two roll mills, such as described above, when the
rolls are smooth the difficulty of introducing the canes is so great as to be a source
of great trouble and loss.
In such mills therefore we generally striate the rolls with grooves, which we
prefer to make longitudinal, and which we so arrange that the grooves upon the
one roll shall not as the rolls revolve come opposite to those upon the other, that is
to say, so that two grooves may not come together so as to allow cane to pass with
little or very imperfect crushing. Sometimes in conjunction with two vertical rolls,
a flange and a bar or rod, such as first described above, we use a third roll, which for
distinction we will call the auxiliary roll. This auxiliary roll is provided with an
axis and with a pinion gearing into that of the roll alongside which it stands so
that the two revolve together at about the same peripheral speed. In this
arrangement it is usually convenient to make the bearings of both the axes of the
original rolls adjustable by means of screws or wedges, as described. The auxiliary

page_text: roll may be smaller in diameter than the other two, and may be striated like them.
We prefer to place this auxiliary roll alongside that one of the other two to which
the power is directly applied (though this is not essential), and in such a position
relatively to the other two that a line drawn from its axis to that of the roll
alongside which it stands shall be nearly at a right angle with a line connecting
the axes of the other two rolls. It is better however that the angle should not be
exactly a right angle, but either a little more or a little less.
When this auxiliary roll is used it is placed with a sensible space between it and
the roll alongside which it stands, but still with a space between the two less than
the diameter of the cane to be crushed by the mill, so that the cane will be slightly
crushed in passing between this auxiliary roll and the one alongside of it, and will
then be further and more completely crushed between the two original rolls.
This arrangement obviates difficulty in feeding the cane into the mill, and
distributes the strains upon it. A suitable guide which we prefer to groove in the
direction in which the cane should travel is provided to convey the partially
crushed cane from the point where it is first and partially crushed to the second
and more perfect crushing.
In a three roll mill, such as above referred to, the feeding plate or block is
moved so that it feeds the cane, so as to pass first between the auxiliary roll and
the one it stands alongside of.
:
The frame is also altered so as to receive and support bearings for the additional
roll. These bearings may if desired be made with means of adjustment similar to
those provided for the bearings of the other rolls.
In some cases the mill may be so arranged that the first or light crushing may
be performed by the two main rolls, and the more perfect crushing take place
between one of these and the auxiliary roll.
In some cases when it is desired to obtain a preliminary or light crushing, and
then a second and more severe crushing, without making use of an auxiliary or
additional roll as described, we make one or both of the rolls of a two roll mill, as
described, larger in diameter at the lower part than above, in such a way that the
cane may be partially crushed by passing it first between the upper parts of the
rolls where the distance between the rolls is greater, and then passing it between
the lower parts of the rolls which are closer together, and which consequently put
more pressure upon the cane, and complete the extraction of the juice. Each
portion of the rolls is cylindrical in form. When both rolls are made of varying
diameter it will be understood the larger diameter of the one roll is opposite and
presses against the larger diameter of the other, and the smaller diameter of the
one is opposite the smaller diameter of the other.
Sometimes instead of using a third roll as an auxiliary roller, enabling the mill
to give two separate squeezes, the one comparatively light and the other heavy, to
the cane passing through it, we arrange such a roll so as to crush a second quantity
of cane. For this purpose it is usually most convenient to put all three rolls in a
line, and it is also most convenient in this case to apply the driving power to the
middle roll axle, so that the motion is communicated from the pinion of this roll
direct to the pinions of each of the other rolls.
In a three roll mill thus arranged it is convenient to make the bearings of both
the outer rolls adjustable, while the bearings of the middle roll may if desired be
fixed. Also we provide two plates or blocks (one at each side of the frame) for
feeding; likewise arrangements such as already described to prevent the escape of
the cane being crushed either upwards or downwards.
In this and the other multiple roll mills herein described the juice receptacle
beneath is modified to suit the number and arrangements of the rolls.
The effect of the last described arrangement is to produce a duplicate or double
mill, consisting, so far as its working powers go, of two mills, each capable of doing
the same work as the two roller mill first described.
A duplicated mill resembling the second type of mill described, i.e., that in which
the two rolls are supplemented by an auxiliary or additional roll that receives the

page_text: cane and partly crushes it, and then by means of a guide passes it to the other two
rolls to be more completely crushed, may be produced by adding to a three roll
mill, such as just described, two additional or auxiliary rolls with the requisite
guides. Both auxiliary rolls may be applied to the middle roll, when all the
gearing can be actuated from the toothed wheel of the middle roll. In this case
it will usually be convenient to make the middle roll of larger diameter than any
of the others, and to make the bearings of all the rolls, except the middle one,
adjustable as described. The others may either be all alike, or the auxiliary rolls
may be of a different diameter from the outer crushing rolls, but all are so geared
together that the surfaces of all the rolls move at or about the same circumferential
speed. A duplicate mill of this description may even be produced with, four rolls,
of which two should be provided with adjustable bearings. In this four roll double
double crushing mill each roll acts as an auxiliary or feed roller at one part of its
circumference, giving canes a light squeeze between itself and one of the other
rolls, and as an original or main roll at another part of its circumference, giving
other canes & severe squeeze between itself and another roll.
In some cases we use two additional or auxiliary rolls, for a single mill, or four
such rolls for a double mill, so that the cane passing either one or the other
receives three distinct squeezes. In these the rolls are so arranged that the first
squeeze of the cane is the lightest, the second is more severe, and the last is still
more powerful..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Thomson, James Mylne, and James Bingham Alliott in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th March 1882.
WALTER THOMSON, of the Grand Hotel, Charing Cross, in the County of
Middlesex, JAMES MYLNE, of Osborne House, Notting Hill, in the same County,
and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT, of Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE EXPRESSION OF JUICE FROM THE
SUGAR CANE"
Our improvements in apparatus for the expression of juice from the sugar cane
have special reference to the requirements of producers of sugar on a small scale.
We use two vertical crushing rolls in combination with a flange to prevent escape
of cane upwards from between them, and an adjustable bar or rod that will allow
expressed juice to drop, but will prevent escape of cane downward from between
the rolls. The rolls are held in a frame that has two longitudinal or cross pieces
or beams firmly supported and kept in place by legs or standards of such length as
to raise the crushing rolls to a convenient height for feeding them with cane, and
for applying the motive power when the lower ends of the legs are imbedded in the
earth deeply enough to hold the whole apparatus firmly fixed during the strains
caused by working. In constructing such mills the rolls may be of cast iron, steel,
wrought iron, or other metal, and are usually either cast or keyed on to their axes
or spindles, though in some cases the roll and its axis may form a single casting or
forging, as the case may be. One of the spindles or axes is prolonged and carries
a lever, whereby animal or other power for working the mill is applied. Each
roll and axis is also provided with a toothed wheel or pinion of metal, by means
of which the motion communicated to the one roll by the lever is communicated
to the other roll, and the two are caused to revolve synchronously. In some cases
we make the roll, its axis, and its pinion in a single piece of metal casting or
forging, as the case may be. The rolls must be parallel to each other, and be
made to work truly. We prefer to fix the longitudinal or cross pieces of the
frame to the legs by means of bolts, which may readily be withdrawn when it is
desired to take the frame to pieces, and easily replaced when it is wished to put it
together again. We also prefer to make the upper crosspiece so that it may be
removed and put back again in position without in any way disturbing the rest of
the framework, so that it may be easily removed for cleaning the rolls and bearings,
or other purpose.
In the lower longitudinal or crosspiece we arrange end and guide bearings to
receive the lower ends of the axes of the crushing rolls. One of the bearings is
so arranged that it can be forced towards the other by means of a screw or wedge.
In like manner the upper ends of the axes of the rolls are received and carried in
suitable bearings arranged in the upper longitudinal or cross piece, and the bearing
corresponding with the moveable bearing on the lower longitudinal piece is also
made similarly adjustable in the upper one. The flange, to prevent escape of cane
upwards from between the rolls, is at the upper end of one of the rolls. This
flange (which does not necessarily form a part of the roll) extends over and in
close contact with the upper end of the other roll, and thus prevents the cane
which is passing between the rolls from escaping upwards.
We prefer to use for this flange the shrouding of one of the toothed wheels or
pinions, which for this purpose is brought into contact with the upper end of the
roll. In this case we provide the other roll with a recess to receive the said flange
or shrouding between the end of the roll and the teeth of its pinion, which must
not be shrouded on the side next the roll, and we attach to the frame a scraper or

page_text: finger so formed and placed as to remove any crushed cane or other matter which
may find its way into this recess.
The bar or rod, to prevent escape of cane downwards from between the rolls, is
arranged close beneath the lower ends of the rolls at the point where they approach
most nearly. It is firmly supported and is adjustable sideways.
Beneath the rolls, but above the lower longitudinal piece, we arrange a suitable.
receptacle for catching the juice and guiding it away, and this is so arranged as to
prevent juice dropping on to the roll bearings. We furthermore usually attach to
the frame a plate or block of wood or metal pierced with holes, through which
the canes intended to be crushed are passed, and by means of which the number
of canes fed into the mill at one time is regulated, and the canes themselves are
guided.
'
In small mills the diameter of the crushing rolls is so small that it is
very difficult
to introduce a thick cane between them, for the rolls must be kept. very close to
one another in order to express as much of the juice as possible from the cane, and
in practice in small two roll mills such as decribed above. When the rolls are
smooth the difficulty of introducing the canes is so great as to be a source of
great trouble and loss.
In such mills therefore we generally striate the rolls with grooves, which we
prefer to make longitudinal, and which we so arrange that the grooves upon the
one roll shall not, as the rolls revolve, come opposite to those upon the other, that
is to say, so that two grooves may not come together so as to allow cane to pass
with little or very imperfect crushing.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings is an elevation of a two roll cane crushing mill
according to our Invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section (to a larger scale) shewing the rolls, the pinions, the
flange, and the axis.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of the guide.
A, B, are two vertical crushing rolls, whereof B is provided with a flange B¹ to
prevent escape of cane upwards from between them. This flange is formed as a
shroud upon one of the pinions. C is an adjustable bar that will allow expressed
juice to drop, but will prevent the escape of cane downwards. Each roll is
provided with an axis H and a pinion I. One of the axes is suitably formed for
the attachment-of-a-lever-or-other-appliance-whereby-animal-or-other-power-for-
working the mill may be applied. The two pinions I, I, gear together and com-
municate the motion from one axis to the other. In Fig. 3 the rolls, pinions, and
axes are shewn as made separately, and no means for attaching the rolls and
pinions to the axes are illustrated, as any convenient means may be adopted. The
axes are supported near their upper and lower ends by bearings, of which the
upper bearings K, K, only are shewn in the Drawings. Both bearings of one roll
.A are provided with screws L, L, by which that roll can be forced towards the
other roll B. The roll bearings are carried by a frame with two longitudinal or cross
pieces E, F, connected by legs or standards G, G, the lower ends of which are
intended to be imbedded in the earth; J, J, are bolts by which the legs and the
-cross pieces are connected. M is a scraper or finger attached to the frame for the
purpose of removing crushed cane or other matter from between the roll A and
pinion I. N is a receptacle for catching the juice and guiding it away, and is so
arranged as to prevent the juice dropping on to the roll bearings; Fig. 4 shews
this more clearly. O is a plate or block of wood or metal pierced with boles for
the guidance of the canes to the rolls.
Sometimes in conjunction with two vertical rolls a flange and a bar or rod, such
as first described above, we use a third roll, which for distinction we will call the
auxiliary roll. This auxiliary roll is provided with an axis and with a pinion
gearing into that of the roll alongside which it stands, so that the two revolve
together at about the same peripheral speed. In this arrangement it is usually
convenient to make the bearings of both the axes of the original rolls. adjustable

page_text: by means of screws or wedges as described. The auxiliary roll may be smaller in
diameter than the other two, and may be striated like them. We prefer to place
this auxiliary roll alongside that one of the other two to which the power is
directly applied (though this is not essential), and in such a position relatively to
the other two that a line drawn from its axis to that of the roll along side which
it stands shall be nearly at a right angle with a line connecting the axes of the
other two rolls. It is better however that the angle should not be exactly a right
angle, but either a little more or a little less.
When this auxiliary roll is used it is placed with a sensible space between it and
the roll alongside which it stands, but still with a space between the two less than
the diameter of the cane to be crushed by the mill, so that the cane will be slightly
crushed in passing between this auxiliary roll and the one alongside of it, and will
then be further and more completely crushed between the two original rolls.
This arrangement obviates difficulty in feeding the cane into the mill and
distributes the strains upon it. A suitable guide or trashturner, which we prefer
to groove in. the direction in which the cane should travel, is provided to convey
the partially crushed cane from the point where it is first and partially crushed to
the second and more perfect crushing.
In a three roll mill, such as above referred to, the position of the feeding plate or
block is altered so that it feeds the cane so as to pass first between the auxiliary roll
and the one it stands alongside of.
The frame is also altered so as to receive and support bearings for the additional
roll. These bearings may if desired be made with means of adjustment similar to
those provided for the bearings of the other rolls. In some cases the mill may be
so arranged that the first or light crushing may be performed by the two main
rolls, and the more perfect crushing take place between one of these and the
auxiliary roll.
Fig. 5, Sheet 2, is a plan, and Fig. 6 is an elevation of the rolls, axes, and pinions
of a three roll mill, comprising two main and one auxiliary rolls. In these Figures,
and also in some of the subsequent ones, the framing and bearings of the mills are
not shewn. They may conveniently be such as those shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4ª,
suitably modified to suit the altered disposition of the rolls; A and B are the main
rolls, and P is the auxiliary roll; A is in contact with B, but separated from P by
a space less than the diameter of the cane to be crushed; A is the roll to which
the power is applied, and its pinion is in gear with those of both B and P. The
rolls and pinions, as shewn in the Figures, are keyed to their axes. In operation,
the cane is fed between the rolls A and P, and as it emerges from them it is turned
by the guide or trash turner P₁ and passes between the main rolls A and B.
Or the operation may be varied, if the relative positions of the rolls be altered to
suit, by the canes being fed between the rolls A and B, and then passed between
the rolls P and A or P and B for the final squeeze. This apparatus is provided
with an adjustable bar C, such as described with reference to the preceding
arrangement,, but suitably curved to follow the course of the cane, so that whilst
allowing expressed juice to drop, it will also prevent the escape of cane downwards
both from between P and A, and from between A and B, or two bars may be used
in lieu of one. Also the apparatus is to be provided with scrapers or fingers
attached to the frame for the purpose of removing crushed cane or other matter
from the recesses between the rolls P, B, and their pinions. The arrangement shown
may be modified by using the toothed wheel of A with its shroud or flange upper-
most, and the toothed wheels of B and P with their shrouds or flanges undermost.
In some cases when it is desired to obtain a preliminary or light crushing, and then a
second and more severe crushing without making use of an auxiliary or additional roll
as described, we make one or both of the rolls of a two roll mill as described larger in
diameter at the lower part than above, in such a way that the cane may be partially
crushed by passing it first between the upper parts of the rolls, where the distance
between the rolls is greater, and then passing it between the lower parts of the
rolls, which are closer together and which consequently put more pressure. upon the

page_text: cane and complete the extraction of the juice. Each portion of the roll is cylindrical
in form. When both rolls are made of varying diameter it will be understood the
larger diameter of the one roll is opposite and presses against the larger diameter
of the other, and the smaller diameter of the one is opposite the smaller diameter
of the other.
Fig. 7 is a plan, and Fig. 8 an elevation of a pair of rolls, axes, and pinions,
whereof the rolls are made of two diameters. The canes are first passed between
the parts of them that are of the smaller diameter to partially crush them, and
then between the parts that are of the larger diameter to receive a more severe
squeeze.
Sometimes instead of using a third roll as an auxiliary roll, enabling the mill to
give two separate squeezes, the one comparatively light and the other heavy, to the
cane passing through it, we arrange such a roll so as to crush a second quantity of
cane. For this purpose it is usually most convenient to put all three rolls in a line,
and it is also most convenient in this case to apply the driving power to the middle
roll axle, so that the motion is communicated froin the pinion of this roll direct to
the pinions of each of the other rolls.
In a three roll mill thus arranged it is convenient to make the bearings of both
the outer rolls adjustable, while the bearings of the. middle roll may if desired be
fixed. Also we provide two plates or blocks (one at each side of the frame) for
feeding, likewise arrangements, such as already described, to prevent the escape of
the cane, being crushed either upwards or downwards. In this and the other
multiple roll mills herein described the juice receptacle beneath is modified to suit
the number and arrangements of the rolls. The effect of the last described
arrangement is to produce a duplicate or double mill consisting so far as its working
nowers go of two mills each capable of doing the same work as the two roll mill
first described.
Sometimes with the arrangement of rolls above described we place a guide or
trashturner, so shaped that after the canes have passed between one outer roll and
the middle roll it turns them so as to pass them back to the same side of the
frame between the middle roll and the other outer roll, thereby giving them a
second and a more severe squeeze.
Fig. 9 is a plan, and Fig. 10 an elevation of three rolls, axes, and pinions forming
part of a mill that will act either as a duplicate or double mill capable of acting
simultaneously_on_two sets of cane, or a single mill in which the cane receives a
comparatively light squeeze between the rolls-B-and-C-and-then a more severe
squeeze between the rolls A & B; A, B, C, are the three rolls; H', the driving
axis; I, I, I, the three pinions, of which the centre one has a shroud to act as a
Hange to keep the cane from escaping upwards; D₁ is a guide shewn clearly in
Fig. 10a, but this guide (which may be of corrugated sheet metal) is only requisite
when the same cane is to receive two squeezes.
A duplicated mill resembling the second type of mill described, i.e., that in
which the two rolls are supplemented by an auxiliary or additional roll that
receives the cane and partly crushes it, and then by means of a guide passes it to
the other two rolls to be more completely crushed, may be produced by adding to
a three roll mill, such as just described, two additional or auxiliary rolls with the
requisite guides. Both auxiliary rolls may be applied to the middle roll, when all
the gearing can be actuated from the toothed wheel of the middle roll. In this
case it will usually be convenient to make the middle roll of larger diameter than
any of the others, and to make the bearings of all the rolls except the middle one
adjustable as described. The others may either be all alike or the auxiliary rolls
may be of a different diameter from the outer crushing rolls, but all are so geared
together that the surfaces of all the rolls move at or about the same circumferential
speed.
Figs. 11 and 12 are plan and elevation respectively of a three roll mill with two
auxiliary or additional rolls added to it so as to form a duplex double crushing
mill, R, S, T, are the three main rolls, and U; V, the auxiliary rolls. Both the

page_text: auxiliary rolls are applied to the middle main roll, which is of larger diameter than
the others, and from the toothed wheel of which the others are driven. The mill
is or may be fed with two supplies of cane at the same time. Each supply is
received between the central roll and one auxiliary roll, between which it is
partially crushed, and it is then passed by means of a guide between the central
roll and one of the other main rolls to be completely crushed. The bearings of all
the small rolls must be adjustable as described with reference to the roll A in the
arrangement, Figs. 1 to 4ª. The operation of this mill may be variously modified;
thus, for instance, it may be so arranged that one first or light crushing may take
place between T and U, the corresponding second squeeze occurring between T or
U and S, the like arrangement obtaining with reference to R, V, and S.
A duplicate mill of this description may even be produced with four rolls, of
which at least two should be provided with adjustable bearings. In this four roll
duplex double crushing mill each roll acts as an auxiliary or feed roll at one part
of its circumference, giving canes a light squeeze between itself and one of the
other rolls, and as an original or main roll at another part of its circumference
giving other canes a severe squeeze between itself and another roll.
Fig. 13 shews in elevation a four roll mill, arranged according to this part of our
Invention but with certain parts omitted.
Fig. 14 is an elevation, partly in section, with the framing removed, and shewing
one arrangement of guide.
Fig. 15 is a plan with pinions and driving gear removed.
Fig. 16 is an elevation, partly in section, shewing one method of driving such
a mill.
Fig. 17 is an inverted horizontal section in line z, z, Fig. 16.
A, B, C, D, are four vertical rolls, each fitted with an axis, revolving in bearings.
The upper bearings are held in position by a set screw or "set screws" F, F,
working through a nut or nuts, held in and supported by the frame E, and the
lower bearings by similar set screws F', F¹, working through nuts supported by the
frame F, both frames being connected and supported by the legs G, G. Each roll
is kept at its proper position with respect to its fellows by screwing up its set
screws. All four rolls are geared together by pinions H, H.
It is not necessary that the pinions J, J, should be of the same diameter as
H, H, H, H; they may be less or more, as may be desired, the diameter of wheel K
being made less or more accordingly. And the pinions H, H, H, H, may be
above or below the beam E, and in surface contact with J, J, or otherwise.
The passage of the cane through the rolls is indicated by arrows in Fig. 15, the
feed being by preference at each end and the delivery from each side of the mill.
At one end of the mill the cane is introduced between the rolls A, B, which in the
first instance act as auxiliary or feed rolls, and slightly squeeze the cane as they
pass it forward to the left of the fixed guide or trash turner I (Fig. 14) to be more
severely squeezed between the rolls A and C. At the other end of the mill the cane
is fed between the rolls C and D, and is finally squeezed between the rolls B and D.
By this arrangement each roll acts first as a feed or auxiliary roll at one portion of its
circumference, and then as an "original" or main roll at another portion of its cir-
cumference. The Drawing does not show any arrangements for feeding the rolls with
cane or for receiving and guiding away the juice, as such appliances bave been illus-
trated in Figs. 1 to 4, and their adaptation to the present arrangement is obvious.
The four rolls are connected together by gearing, and all move at the same
circumferential speed or nearly so. Various methods of connecting the rolls and of
driving them may be employed. The arrangement shewn in the Drawings we find
to be an advantageous one.
In this arrangement each roll axis carries a pinion H, of such size that each
pinion gears with two of the others which are next to it. These pinions H may
be either above or below the upper frame E. In the Drawing they are shown
above it.
Two of the roll shafts that are opposite each other, say A' and D', are prolonged, so

page_text: that they project above their upper bearings and are provided each with a pinion J
in gear with the internally toothed wheel K. This wheel K is shewn in Fig. 14
of the Drawings, as carried upon a fixed spindle L, upon which it is free to revolve,
and furnished with attachments in the form of sockets M, M, and levers N, N, for
the application of animal power.
It is obvious that when other kinds of motive power are employed the wheel K
may be modified in accordance with the particular apparatus or motor by which it
is driven.
In some cases we use two additional or auxiliary rolls for a single mill, or four
such rolls for a double mill, so that the cane passing either one or the other receives
three distinct squeezes. In these the rolls are so arranged that the first squeeze of
the cane to the lightest, the second is more severe, and the last is still more
powerful.
Figs. 18 and 19 are plan and elevation respectively illustrating a mill according to
this part of our Invention. The bearings of all the small rolls must be adjustable
'substantially as described with reference to A in the arrangement, Figs: 1 to 4º.
The arrows, Fig. 18, shew the direction the canes take, suitable guides or trash
turners being provided as indicated.
It is to be understood that in connexion with each of the several arrangements
of rolls hereinabove described, there are to be used besides a flange or flanges (or
equivalent) to prevent escape of cane upwards from between the rolls, substantially
as described with reference to Figs. 1 to 4ª inclusive, also similar arrangements to
those described with reference to the same Figures for preventing downward
escape of cane, and for removing crushed cane or other matter from the groove or
grooves existing between the roll or rolls and its or their toothed wheel or wheels. i
Also each arrangement is to be provided with a suitable receptacle or receptacles
for receiving and conducting away the juice.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which it is to be or may be performed or carried into effect, we would have it
understood that what we consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as
secured to us by the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is,―
1. In an apparatus for the expression of juice from the sugar cane, the use in
combination of two vertical rolls either plain or striated, a flange to prevent the
escape of cane upwards, and a bar or rod to prevent the escape of cane downwards,
but which will allow the expressed juice to drop, substantially as described.
2. In an apparatus for the expression of juice from-the-sugar-cane-constructed-
with vertical crushing rolls, a flange to prevent the escape of cane upwards, and
means to prevent its escape downwards, the use in combination with the said rolls
and flange of a scraper or finger to remove crushed cane or other matter from the
recess wherein the said flange works, substantially as described.
3. The improved two roll mill for the expression of juice from the sugar cane,
constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as described with reference to
Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the Drawings.
4. The use for the expression of juice from the sugar cane of a mill comprising
three vertical rolls in combination with a flange or flanges to prevent the escape
of cane upwards, a bar or rod or bars or rods so arranged as to allow the expressed
juice to drop, but to prevent the escape of cane downwards, and a scraper or finger
or scrapers or fingers to remove crushed cane as explained, the said rolls being so
arranged that when all three rolls are in operation one roll will act as an auxiliary,
or feed roll, another as a main or original roll, and the third at one part of its
circumference as an auxiliary or feed roll, giving the canes a comparatively slight
squeeze between itself and the other feed roll, and at another part of its circum-
ference as an original or main roll, giving the canes a more severe squeeze between
itself and the other main roll, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 5.
and 6 of the Drawings.
5. In an apparatus for the expression of juice from the sugar cane by squeezing
between rolls, making one or more of such rolls of two different diameters, aud

page_text: causing the same where of the smaller diameter to act as auxiliary or feed roll or
rolls for giving the canes a comparatively slight squeeze, whilst at the larger
diameter acting as original or main roll or rolls for giving the canes a more severe
squeeze, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 7 and 8 of the Drawings.
6. In an apparatus for the expression of juice from the sugar cane, the use in
combination of three vertical rolls, either plain or striated, one or more flanges to
prevent the escape of cane upwards, and a bar or rod or bars or rods so arranged
as to allow the expressed juice to drop, but to prevent the escape of cane down-
wards, the whole arrangement being such that two lots of cane may be crushed
simultaneously; or by the use of a guide or trash turner one lot of cane may receive
two squeezes, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 9 and 10 of the
Drawings.
7. The use for the expression of juice from the sugar cane of a five roll mill,
wherein the rolls and guides are arranged so as to give two squeezes to each of
two lots of cane passing through the apparatus simultaneously, substantially as
hereinabove described.
8. The use for the expression of juice from the sugar cane of a four roll mill,
wherein the rolls and guides are so arranged that when all four rolls are in
operation each roll at one part of its circumference is acting as an auxiliary or feed
roll, giving the canes a comparatively slight squeeze between itself and one of the
other rolls, and at another part of its circumference is acting as an original or main
roll, giving the canes a more severe squeeze between itself and another of the other
rolls, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 13 to 17 inclusive of the
Drawings.
9. The improved four roll or duplex double crushing mill for the expression of
juice from the sugar cane, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as
shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 13 to 17 inclusive of the Drawings.
10. The use for the expression of juice from the sugar cane of a four roll mill,
wherein the rolls and guides are so arranged that when all four rolls are in
operation one roll at one part of its circumference is giving the canes a com-
paratively slight squeeze between itself and one of the other rolls, at another part
of its circumference is giving the canes a more severe squeeze between itself and a
third roll, and at another part of its circumference giving the canes a still more
severe squeeze between itself and a fourth roll, substantially as described with
reference to Figs. 18 and 19 of the Drawings.
11. The use for the expression of juice from the sugar cane of a seven roll mill,
wherein the rolls and guides are so arranged that when all seven rolls are in
operation one roll is giving at one part of its circumference two lots of canes a
slight squeeze between itself and two other rolls respectively, at another part of
its circumference is giving the same two lots of canes a more severe squeezo
between itself and two other rolls respectively, and at a third part of its circum-
ference is giving the two lots of canes a still more severe and final squeeze between
itself and two other rolls respectively, substantially as described:
In witness whereof, I, the said James Mylne, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
JAMES MYLNE. (L.S.)

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