IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND PARTICULARLY IN THE JACQUART MECHANISM
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of 89, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND PARTICULARLY IN THE JACQUART MECHANISM." -A
communication from abroad by Pierre Joseph Vitrant, of 2, Rue
Sainte Appoline, Paris, France.
Sealed the 2nd October 1874, and dated the 6th May 1874. .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith
.
Brewer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 6th May 1874.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND PARTICULARLY IN THE JACQUART
MECHANISM " (a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Joseph
Vitrant, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France), to be as follows:-
Numerous inconveniences result from the employment of the jacquart
mechanism commonly used in looms. By this Invention these incon-
veniences are obviated, and a new mechanical arrangement is employed.

page_text: These improvements while giving all the results desired are more simple
in operation, most easy to put together, and in less time than the
mechanism used hitherto. By this Invention the use of those parts
called treadle (marches), eccentrics, rods, sectors, gearings, also the
main part of the work actuating the harness are dispensed with.
This machine consists of a frame of wood or iron which may be placed
on any existing loom, as for example, on one of the cross bars. A crank
shaft receives an intermittent motion through a lever, connecting rod,
and crank keyed on the main shaft of loom. On the axis of the crank
shaft a double-lever is keyed which through connecting rods gives an
intermittent motion to levers in order to raise or lower certain notched
hooks, which may be varied in number according to the fabric to be
manufactured, for example, twenty or more or less may be used.
In order to communicate motion to the notched hooks it is necessary
that the notches come in contact with the levers aforesaid, and this is
effected by a cylinder carrying rollers, and it is this cylinder in this
Invention which takes the place of the cards generally used in looms; it
consists of two discs or plates keyed on shaft, supported by and free to
rotate in iron standards fixed on the frame of the machine. These two
discs are provided with holes to receive the axes of rods, on which are
fixed by means of countersunk screws the rollers aforesaid, the number
of which as well as of the rods is regulated according to the designs to
be executed on the fabric. This cylinder with rollers receives an
intermittent rotary motion by means of hooked lever actuated by
another lever or cranked shaft.
The motion of the hooks is obtained as follows:-Facing each hook
there is an arch-shaped piece entering at each end a mortice or slot, and
allows the passage of each hook. When one of the rollers comes
opposite the arched-shape piece it forces it back with the corresponding
hook; then the top notch of the hook engages with its lever which gives
it an ascending motion; as soon as the roller has released its hold of the
piece the tension of springs pushes back the hook and engages the lower
notch with its lever which imparts to it a downward motion. These
two motions of the hooks are employed to actuate the necessary blades
on the loom for the production of the fabric, and the number of hooks
and rollers employed depends upon the quantity of blades required to
obtain the desired patterns on the fabric.

page_text: When it is necessary to turn by hand the cylinder in order to fix the
rollers in their proper position a small crank is used which by means of
a pinion gives motion to a wheel fixed on shaft of said cylinder..
It must be understood that it is necessary to first remove the hooked
arm which imparts mechanical movement to cylinder.
A stopping piece or break is used, but for this a hook may be
substituted mounted on the frame and supported by a spring. Besides
as the cylinder can carry only a limited number of rods I sometimes use
an endless chain with articulated links for the rods. These rods are
provided with rollers corresponding to design; by using this chain a
design of great length may be obtained.
This Invention has the following advantages:-It suppresses the
complicated mechanism generally employed to work the harness in
looms actually in use, doing away with the cards which once pierced
cannot be altered, while by using a cylinder with rollers according to
this Invention it is possible to alter at will the position and number of
these rollers in order to obtain on the fabric any design, no matter how
complicated it may be.
The simplicity of construction renders it easily applicable to already
existing or to new looms, either working by machinery or by hand; in
both cases the softness and smoothness of the action of this new
mechanism makes its adoption very advantageous, and renders it
applicable to any woven materials and to produce any fabrics.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GRIFFITH BREWER, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-

page_text: .
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Griffith
Brewer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND PARTICULARLY IN THE JACQUART
MECHANISM (a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Josephi
Vitrant, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, France), upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to
say :-
Numerous inconveniences result from the employment of the jacquart
mechanism commonly used in looms. By this Invention these incon-
veniences are obviated, and a new mechanical arrangement is employed.
These improvements while giving all the results desired are more simple
in operation, most casy to put together, and less time occupied in doing
so than with the mechanism hitherto used. By this Invention the
use of
those parts called "treadles," eccentrics," rods," sectors,"
gearings," also the main part of the work actuating the harness are
dispensed with. These improvements are illustrated in the accom
panying Sheet of Drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 is a front view, and Figure 3.
is a longitudinal side elevation of the driving cylinder. This mechanism

page_text: is composed of a frame made of wood or iron which may be applied to
any existing loom, for example, to one of the cross bars of the loom
shewn at a, Fig. 2; a cranked shaft 6 receives a to-and-fro motion through
á lever e jointed to a connecting rod c¹ driven by the crank d keyed to
the driving shaft of the machine; on the cranked shaft 6 a double lever e
is keyed which through connecting rods f and f¹ give a to-and-fro
motion to levers g and g¹, in order to raise or lower the notched hooks h,
the number of which vary according to the fabric to be manufactured,
for example, twenty or more or less notched hooks may be used.
In order to communicate motion to the notched hooks h it is necessary
that these notches should come in contact with the levers g; g', and this.
is accomplished as will be more clearly hereafter described by means of
the cylinder ; with rollers. It is in this Invention the cylinder j which
takes the place of the cards generally used in looms; it consists of two
discs or plates and ¹ keyed on the shaft supported by and free to
rotate in iron standards n and n² fixed on the frame of the machine.
These two discs k, k¹, are provided with holes to receive the axes of
rods m, on which are fixed by means of countersunk screws the rollers o,
the number of which as well as of the rods m is regulated according to
the design to be executed on the fabric. This cylinder j with rollers o
receives an intermittent rotary motion by means of hooked lever r
actuated by another lever r on cranked shaft b.
The motion of the hooks one of which is shewn detached in front
and side view at Figure 4 is obtained in the following manner :-Facing
each hook there is a piece p having a mortice or slot at s and s¹, to
allow of the passage of each hook; when one of the rollers o comes opposite
the piece p it forces it back with the corresponding hook; then the top
notch of the hook engages with its lever g which gives it an ascending
motion; as soon as the roller o has released its hold of the piece p the
tension of the springs p' pushes back the hook h, and engages the lower
notch with its lever g¹ which imparts to it a downward motion. These
two motions of the hooks h are employed for actuating the necessary
blades on the loom for the production of the fabric, and the number of
the hooks and. rollers employed depend upon the quantity of blades
required to obtain the desired patterns on the fabric.
When it is necessary to turn by hand the cylinder j in order to fix the
rollers in their proper positions a small crank y is used which by

page_text: means of a pinion y¹ gives motion to a wheel z fixed on shaft of said
cylinder j.
It will be understood that it is first necessary to remove the hooked
which is used for imparting the mechanical movement to the
arm
cylinder j.
°
5
A stopping piece or break v is used, but for this a hook may be
substituted mounted on the frame and supported by a spring: Besides,
as the cylinder j can carry only a limited number of rods m an endless
chain may sometimes be employed instead, having articulated links for
the rods ; these rods should be provided with rollers corresponding to 1
the design; by the use of a chain of this kind a design of great length
may be produced.
By this Invention the complicated mechanism hitherto used for
working the harness in looms is dispensed with, doing away with cards,
which once pierced cannot be altered, while by using a cylinder with
rollers, according to this Invention, the position and number of the rollers
can be altered as desired, in order to obtain on the fabric any design
desired, no matter how complicated it may be..
The simplicity of construction renders this Invention easily applicable
to existing or to new looms, either working by power or by hand; in
both cases the softness and smoothness of the action of this new
mechanism makes its adoption very advantageous, and renders. it
applicable to any woven materials and to produce any fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said. Edward Griffith Brewer, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second. day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four..