AN IMPROVED WATER- PROOF AND NON-INFLAMMABLE MATERIAL, APPLICABLE TO ROOFING, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH FELT, TARPAULING, OILCLOTH, AND SUCH LIKE MATERIALS ARE NOW USED
Year: 1860

page_text: 'LETTERS 'PATENT to Robert Dickson M'Kibbin, of Earl Street, Black-
friars, in the City of London, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED WATER-
PROOF AND NON-INFLAMMABLE MATERIAL, APPLICABLE TO ROOFING, AND TO
OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH FELT, TARPAULING, OILCLOTH, AND SUCH LIKE
MATERIALS ARE NOW USED."
Sealed the 12th February 1861, and dated the 14th August 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Dickson McKibbin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th August 1860.
I, ROBERT DICKSON MOKIBBIN, of Earl Street, Blackfriars, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WATERPROOF AND NON-INFLAMMABLE MATERIAL, APPLICABLE TO ROOFING, AND
TO OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH FELT, TARPAULING, OILCLOTH, AND SUCH LIKE
MATERIALS ARE NOW USED," to be as follows:
This Invention consists in manufacturing the above-mentioned material in
the following manner, and by the following means:-I employ an apparatus
composed of two hollow cast-iron cylinders mounted on proper bearings, each
lower cylinder being partially immersed in a pan or trough containing.
bituminous or other adhesive substance. I also employ two hollow cast-iron
cylinders placed between the before-mentioned cylinders, also two other hollow
cast-iron cylinders, the lower one likewise immersed in a pan, and the upper

page_text: one in direct contact with an upper pan, these latter pans containing an
adhesive, uninflammable, or other substance. In combination with the
foregoing are two open boxes or troughs mounted on bearings filled with the
refuse sheaves or shoaves, the refuse of the flax spinning or scutch mills, or
other such like material. Two webs of paper or other fabric drawn from
opposite directions pass respectively between the first-mentioned pair of
cylinders, by which the under surfaces of the paper or fabric are coated with
the fluid substance in the pans, and passing on over the open boxes before
mentioned, attach to these under surfaces an even quantity of the sheaves or
shoaves, meeting at the second pair of cylinders; the two webs are pressed
between them, are thus firmly united together, proceeding over guide rollers
for keeping it sufficiently stretched, the united fabric passes between the
cylinders; 2nd pair of cylinders, the upper one coating the upper, and lower
one the lower surface with the adhesive protective non-inflammable composition
from the pans before mentioned. The finished fabric moves on to a table to
be rolled up or cut to required lengths, or, if requiring, to be dried, is passed
by rollers from the floor to the ceiling of a loft as often as necessary. The
contents of the upper and lower pans may be kept heated by means of steam
or by iron heaters in the lowermost of the first-mentioned hollow cylinders,
and both lower and upper of the 2nd-mentioned cylinders; these cylinders.are
intended, by having one intended and the other with corresponding raised
parts, to impress on the fabric in its last stage of manufacture raised surfaces,
which may be made ornamental, to provide against stretching and tearing of
the material when attached. to timber, after the manner of corrugated zinc
and iron, with the addition, that, this will guard against tearing when the
expansion is lengthwise as well as crosswise of the material. By a suitable
arrangement of cylinders any number of thicknesses of paper or fabric may be
combined together and rendered non-inflammable if necessary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Dickson M°Kibbin in the Great Seal Patent Office 3
.. on the 14th February 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
DICKSON M KIBBIN, of Earl Street, Blackfriars, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 3
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Robert Dickson M.Kibbin, Her special licence that I, the
said Robert Dickson McKibbin, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Robert Dickson McKibbin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATERPROOF AND NON-
INFLAMMABLE MATERIAL, APPLICABLE TO ROOFING, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES FOR
WHICH FELT, TARPAULING, OILCLOTH, AND SUCH LIKE MATERIALS ARE NOW USED,"
úpon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Dickson McKibbin,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals,. should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six. calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Dickson McKibbin, do hereby.
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the-
following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing the above-mentioned' material in
the following manner, and by the following means:-I employ an apparatus-
composed of two hollow cast-iron cylinders mounted on proper bearings, each
lower cylinder being partially immersed in a pan or trough containing.
bituminous or other adhesive substance. I also employ two hollow cast-iron.
cylinders placed between the before-mentioned cylinders,. also two other hollow
cast-iron cylinders, the lower one likewise immersed in a pan, and. the upper-
one in direct contact with an upper pan; these latter pans containing an
adhesive uninflammable or other substance. In combination with the
foregoing are two open boxes or troughs mounted on bearings filled with
the refuse sheaves or shoves, the refuse of the flax. spinning or scutch mills,
or other such like material. Two webs of paper or other fabric drawn from
opposite directions pass respectively between the first-mentioned pair of
cylinders, by which the under surfaces of the paper or fabric are coated
with the fluid substance in the pans, and passing on over the open boxes
before mentioned, attach to. these under surfaces an even quantity of the

page_text: sheaves or shoves meeting at the second pair of cylinders; the two webs are
prossed between them, and thus firmly united together; proceeding over guide
roller's for keeping it sufficiently stretched, the united fabric passes between
the second pair of cylinders, the upper one coating the upper, and lower one
the lower surface with the adhesive protective non-inflammable composition
'from the pans before mentioned. The finished fabric moves to a table to be
Folled up or cut to required lengths, or if requiring to be dried, is passed by
rollers from the floor to the ceiling of a loft as often as necessary.
The
contents of the upper and lower pans may be kept heated by means of steam,
or by iron heaters in the lowermost of the first-mentioned hollow cylinders,
and both lower and upper of the second-mentioned cylinders; these cylinders
are intended, by having one indented and the other with corresponding raised
parts, to impress on the fabric in its last stage of manufacture raised surfaces,
which may be made ornamental, to provide against stretching and tearing.of
the material when attached to timber, after the manner of corrugated zinc and
iron, with the addition that this will guard against tearing when the expansion
is lengthwise as well as crosswise of the material. By a suitable arrangement
of cylinders any number of thicknesses of paper or fabric may be combined
together and rendered non-inflammable if necessary.
And 'in order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference
'marked thereon respectively as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a series of pairs of cylinders and other parts,
*some of which are shewn in section, constituting apparatus for the manufacture
of improved waterproof and non-inflammable material according to my said
"Invention ; Figure 2' is a transverse and vertical section of Figure 1 through
A, B; Figure 3, an enlarged plan view of the circumference of the cylinder
'employed to corrugate the material. At each of the foregoing Figures I
employ similar letters of reference to denote corresponding parts in so far as
'such parts appear or can be seen at each of such said Figures respectively. **
A, A', 'are two pairs of hollow cast-iron cylinders mounted in proper
bearings; each lower cylinder is partially immersed in a pan or trough B,
containing bituminous or other adhesive substance; C, C, are hollow cast
iron cylinders placed between the before-mentioned cylinders A, A¹; and
'D, D, are two wooden cylinders covered with flannel; the lower one is

page_text: immersed in a pan E, and the upper one is in direct contact with an upper
pan G. These pans contain an adhesive waterproof non-inflammable sub-
stance or paint, such as Bell's elastic cement paint, which may be obtained in
London, or any other paint or varnish which is waterproof and non-inflam-
mable. In combination with the foregoing parts are two open boxes or
reservoirs H, H, containing the refuse of flax spinning, felt or scutch mills
known as tow-waste, or "shoves," or other like cheap material may be
employed. I, I, are two webs of paper, vegetable parchment, vellum, canvass,
or other like fabric or substance drawn from opposite directions; said webs
are caused to pass respectively between two pairs of iron cylinders A and A¹,
by which the under surfaces of the paper or other fabric become coated with
the adhesive substance in the pans or troughs B, and in passing on through
slots formed in the troughs or reservoirs H, H, as exhibited, the under sur-
faces of the paper, or other fabric or substance become coated or covered with
the refuse material contained in H. Passing thence, the two webs I, I, meet
at the second pair of cylinders C, C, between which they are pressed, and thus
the two webs are firmly united. together. The united fabric then passes
between the fourth pair of cylinders D; D, the upper cylinder coating the upper
surface and the lower cylinder the lower surface of the material with the
adhesive protective non-inflammable composition contained in the pans E, G,
and before mentioned. If necessary, the material thus coated may be passed
between a fifth pair of cylinders Z made of iron hollow, so as to receive
another coating of the composition. The finished fabric may then be moved
on to a table to be rolled up or cut to required lengths, or to be dried by any
convenient and suitable means. The contents of the pans may be kept heated
by means of steam or by iron beaters placed in the hollow cylinders which
revolve in said pans. The cylinders Z are intended, by having one indented
and the other with corresponding raised parts as at Figure 3, to impress (if
desired) on the fabric in its last stage of manufacture raised surfaces to provide
against stretching and tearing of the material where necessary. When it
is desired to make thicker and stronger material than that lastly described,' I
then pass the material two or more times through the apparatus before sub-
jecting it to the last part of the process, and when a still greater degree of
thickness is required, I then employ another or intermediate web of coarse
paper netting, canvass, or other like material marked K at Figure 1, which I
cause to pass through bituminous or other adhesive substance contained in
the vessel L, from which it passes coated on both sides, and coming into contact
with the refuse material on the webs I, I, is united thereto by passing between
the rollers C. C.

page_text: Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "An Improved Waterproof and Non-inflammable Material
applicable to Roofing and to other Purposes for which Felt, Tarpauling, Oil-
cloth, and such like Materials are now used," together with, the best means I
am acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I would remark,
in conclusion, that I hereby declare my Invention to consist in, and I claim
the use of the refuse material obtained from flax spinning, or scutch mills, or
felt factories; the tow-waste known as "shoves," or "showes," or other refuse
material of similar character thereto, paper, vegetable parchment, vegetable
vellum, canvass, and common hemp netting, or any of them, in-the manufacture
of the aforesaid improved waterproof and non-inflammable material, .sub-
stantially as above described and set forth.
I also claim the process herein described of manufacturing the aforesaid
improved material, and the general combination and arrangement of the
mechanism exhibited by the Drawing, and constituting apparatus well adapted
for the purposes of my said Invention.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Robert Dickson McKibbin, have here:
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
R. D McKIRRIN