IMPROVED MEANS FOR DISTRIBUTING HEAT BY RADIATION
Year: 1885

page_text: проти шовше 10г Святециць пеd by
Паноц.
I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191 Fleet Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR DISTRIBUTING HEAT BY
RADIATION" to be as follows:-
This invention consists in applying to the exterior of pipes intended for heating
purposes, discs, star-wheels or other annular bodies, with a view to increasing the
effective heating surface of such pipes and thus augmenting their heat-transmitting
or distributing power.
I am aware that heating pipes provided with discs projecting radially have been
employed; but such pipes have been made in cast metal, the discs being cast in
one with the pipe.
According to my improved mode of manufacture, the pipe and the discs, star-
wheels or other appliances, are made separately; the latter being subsequently
mounted upon and secured to the pipe. By this means I am enabled to employ
malleable metal for the pipes, and either cast or malleable metal, by preference the
former, as a material for the supplementary means for transmitting or distributing
the heat.
My invention also relates to means whereby the appliances before referred to
may be secured to tubular bodies requiring to be furnished therewith.
In carrying out my invention, I prefer to employ ordinary cylindrical pipes
of malleable metal, and to make the discs, star-wheels or other annular bodies, in
cast metal; these being strung upon the pipe one at a time and secured thereto at
suitable intervals.
For securing the said appliances upon the pipes, I prefer to employ iron cement.
A suitable composition for the purpose consists of 920 parts fine cast iron filings,
6 parts crystallisable acetic acid and 74 parts water. This cement should not be
used before it becomes warm; and after application, during the process of setting,
it should be moistened occasionally. In about twelve hours it will be found to
have set and to have become quite dry.
For securely mounting the said appliances upon the pipes, bosses are formed
about the centres of the former; the holes through these being conical and some

page_text: what larger than the diameter of the pipes with which they are to be used.
The annular interstice so formed is subsequently occupied by the cement.
For fixing the discs or other appliances, the pipe is placed vertically and secured
in a block surrounding the pipe at a point immediately beneath that intended for
the disc. The latter appliance is then passed down the pipe until it reaches the
block, the smaller end of its central hole being downwards. The cement is then
introduced to the annular cavity between the exterior of the pipe and the interior
of the boss of the disc; this operation being effected by degrees, and each charge
being rammed or compressed with the aid of suitable caulking tools.
An important advantage resulting from the use of iron cement in the manner
and for the purpose herein described is that a metallic connection of a practically
solid character is formed between the body of the pipe and that of the appliance
for transmitting or distributing heat, the conductive power being thus maintained
at a high degree of effeciency.
Bodies applicable to pipes with the objects described may partake. of a great
variety of forms. For horizontal pipes circular discs may be regarded as preferable;
and for vertical pipes, bosses carrying radial arms, the latter being flattened
transversely to the axis of the pipe. I do not however limit myself to any
particular form or description of attachable device applicable for the purposes
described.

page_text: I, GEORGE GATTON MELHUISH HARDINGHAM, of 191 Fleet Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what. manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists in applying to the exterior of pipes intended for heating
purposes discs, star-wheels or other annular bodies, with a view to increasing the
effective heating surface of such pipes, and thus augmenting their heat-transmitting
or distributing power.
I am aware that heating pipes provided with discs or wings projecting radially
have been employed; but, so far as I am aware, such pipes have invariably been
made in cast metal, the discs being cast in one with the pipe.
According to my improved mode of manufacture, the pipe and the discs, star-
wheels or other appliances, are made separately; the latter being subsequently
mounted upon and secured to the pipe. By this means, I am enabled to employ
malleable metal for-the pipes, and either cast or malleable metal, by preference the
former, as a material for the supplementary means for transmitting or distributing
the heat.
My invention also relates to means whereby the appliances before referred to
may be secured to tubular bodies requiring to be furnished therewith.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to
describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings; whereof Figure 1 is a
plan or side view of a pipe furnished with a circumscribing disc for distributing
heat; Figure 2 a longitudinal section; Figures 3, 4 and 5 transverse sections
showing alternative patterns of discs or equivalent appliances in side elevation.
Figure 5 is a cross section on the line x x through the arm of the star-wheel
represented in Figure 5. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts
in all the figures. A is an ordinary cylindrical pipe of malleable metal, B is a
circumscribing disc, star-wheel or other annular body, by preference of cast metal;
such appliances being strung upon the pipe one at a time and secured thereto at
suitable intervals. For securly mounting the said appliances upon the pipes,
bosses are formed about the centre of the former, the holes through these being
conical and somewhat larger than the outer diameter of the pipes with which they
are used. The annular interstice C so formed is filled with iron cement composed
as hereinafter described. When cementing the discs upon the pipe, I place the
latter vertically and secure it in a block D surrounding the pipe at a point
immediately beneath that at which the disc is intended to be attached. The latter
appliance is then passed down the pipe until it reaches and rests upon the block,
the smaller end of its central hole being downwards. The cement is then
introduced to the annular cavity between the exterior of the pipe and the
interior of the boss of the disc; this operation being effected by degrees, and
each charge of cement being rammed or compressed with the aid of suitable
caulking tools.

page_text: An iron cement specially adapted for the purpose above referred to is of the
following composition:-920 parts fine cast iron filings, 6 parts crystallisable acetic
acid and 74 parts water. This cement should not be used until it becomes warm,
and after use, as also during the process of securing the appliances upon the pipes,
it should be moistened occasionally. In about twelve hours after application, it
will be found to have set and to have become quite dry.
An important advantage resulting from the use of iron cement in the manner
and for the purposes herein described is that a metallic connection of a practically
solid character is formed between the body of the pipe and that of the supple-
mentary appliance for transmitting or distributing heat, the conductive power
being thus maintained at a high degree of efficiency.
Bodies applicable to pipes with the object herein described may partake of a
great variety of forms. For horizontal pipes, circular discs may be regarded as
preferable; and for vertical pipes, bosses carrying radial arms, the latter being
flattened transversely to the axis of the pipe, offer advantages. I do not however
limit myself to any particular form or description of attachable device applicable
to heating pipes for the purposes described.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention,
as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, I claim :-
The improved manufacture and use, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described, of malleable metal pipes furnished with cast or malleable metal circum-
scribing discs or equivalent devices; the latter being made separately from the
pipes and secured thereto by means of iron cement.
Dated this 4th day of March 1886