Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Sept., 1886.
Complete Left, 11th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 12th July, 1887.
I. EDWARD LIVINGSTON BILL, of No. 3 St. Pauls Road, Camden Town, London,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of lamps having a
cylindrical wick, or a wick or wicks arranged in a cylindrical manner,
for the burning
of mineral or other oils.
In the lamp herein described, (like all lamps constructed on the Argand principle),
two currents of air are supplied to the wick; one being directed to the outer part of
the flame, the other to the interior of the wick, and thence upward. It differs,
however, from those in use in the method and means of feeding the air to the flame.
Many efforts have been made to produce a strong white light by direct currents of
air the inner or central current usually passing through a perforated tube and
deflected by a disc placed above the central tube, checking the upward flow of air, and
causing it to impinge upon the flame. In this lamp the outer current of air is not fed
directly to the flame, but part is taken through the perforated cup portion of the
burner, whence it is led upward through the perforated cap or cone surrounding the
flame into the space between it and the chimney, and part through the throat of
the cap at the base of the flame; the circuitous route taken, and the metallic and
glass contact surfaces met with, warms these currents of air before entering into
combustion.
The inner current of air is supplied to the inside of the cylindrical wick tube, and so
to the flame, in a manner to be described more in detail hereafter. This current is
also divided into two distinct portions, one passing upward in an annular form next to
the inner wick tube, while the other ascends through a small tube, (suspended in the
centre of the inner wick tube), enters a disc shaped heating space or chamber at the
top, from which it issues in a highly heated condition into the body of the flame. The
several currents used are broken up into numerous small parts, these parts again
meeting in such a manner as to feed the flame at several points alike by a com-
paratively steady supply of heated air; producing a highly luminous and almost
motionless flame as the result of equal or perfect combustion at all parts.

page_text: In construction, the lamp may take two forms. The one, in which the inner wick
tube extends to the bottom, and forms a part of the oil reservoir, and through which
the air is conducted to the centre of the flame; the other wherein it is made in the
form of a burner, so that it may be screwed into an ordinary oil receptacle. In the
latter form, the inner supply of air is drawn through a space or spaces at or near
the point at which the wick regulating device or finger wheel, is placed.
the
Two tubes of different diameters are fastened to each other, so as to form an annular
space for the wick.
These are respectively called the outer and the inner wick tubes.
Attached to the outer one is a flange or shoulder, carrying a screw, bayonet joint, or
other suitable means for securing the same to the top of the oil reservoir;
circularly formed wick or wicks extending down into the same. Just above the
flange or shoulder is arranged the feed wheel or wick regulating device, which may
be of any known kind, but preferably that described hereafter. This feed wheel or
device is surrounded by, or passes through a space, made in connecting the inner and
outer wick tubes together, and through which the inner current of air is supplied to
the flame. Above the feed wheel, and also connected to the outer wick tube,-
springs a perforated cup shaped piece, (as is usual in lamps of this class), and within
it, an inverted cone, also perforated, may be placed. The air ascends both through
cup and cone, and is caused to follow closely the surface of the outer wick tube by an
inwardly projecting rim or apron, which may form a part of the gallery which
sustains the chimney, or of the cap. The air thus deflected inwards ascends into the
cap or cone which surrounds the flame, and being checked by another apron or flange
on the inner part or throat, a part flows outward, through perforations in the cap into
the space between it and the chimney, and a part through the throat; thus supplying
the base of the flame.
The inner wick tube is supplied with air from the bottom, when it forms a part of
the oil reservoir, or from the side of the burner, when the latter is simply attached, as
previously mentioned. Arms, (which impede the air current as little as possible), are
placed across the inner wick tube to support a small tube, which, extending upward
above the wick some distance, terminates in a heating and distributing chamber for
the air conveyed thereto. This chamber is formed by two discs: one placed upon
the top of the tube, thus closing the same: the other a short distance below; the
air issuing from the tube through perforations in the same, between the discs. Both
dises may be made quite flat, so as to be perfectly parallel with each other throughout
their planes, but I find that by curving or dishing either or both, so as to bring their
edges nearly together and cause the air to issue from between upon the flame, the
effect is better; and this is adopted in practice.
The wick regulating device may be of any known kind, suitable for the purpose,
but for lamps having a tube through the centre I prefer the following. A rod, having
a screw or thread upon it, is placed vertically within the body of the lamp, the top
projecting above the top of the bowl, and provided with a cap or knob for turning
it.
On this rod, inside the lamp, a nut is screwed on, which is prevented from
turning by a slotted tube surrounding the rod or equivalent device. A metal band,
having internal projecting points, encircles and carries the wick, and is caused to
engage with the threaded rod and nut so that when the rod is turned the wick
carrier and wick are carried or moved up or down. The nut may be attached to
the wick carrier or otherwise, and suitable means for disconnecting the two are
provided to enable the wick to be removed.
Dated this 91st day of Santambar 1006
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Lamps for Burning Mineral or other Oils.
I, EDWARD LIVINGSTON BILL, of No. 3 St. Pauls Road, Camden Town, London,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
a
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of lamps having
cylindrical wick, or a wick or wicks arranged in a cylindrical manner, for the burning
of mineral or other oils.
In the lamp herein described, (like all lamps constructed on the Argand principle),
two currents of air are supplied to the wick; one being directed to the outer part of
the flame, the other to the interior of the wick and thence upward. It differs,
however, from those in use, in the method and means of feeding the air to the flame.
Many efforts have been made to produce a strong white light by direct currents of
air; the inner or central current usually passing through a perforated tube and being
deflected by a disc placed above the central tube, thus checking its upward flow and
causing it to impinge upon the flame. In this lamp the outer current of air is not fed
directly to the flame, but is divided into two portions after entering the perforated cup
of the burner. One part, passing upward through the perforated cap surrounding the
flame into the space between the flame and the chimney; and the other part through
the throat or central orifice of the cap through which the flame ascends. The circuitous
route taken, and the metallic and glass contact surfaces met with, warm this sub-
divided current of air before entering into combustion.
The inner current of air is supplied to the inside of the inner wick tube, and so to
the flame, in a manner to be described more in detail hereafter. This current is also
divided into two distinct portions; one passing upward in an annular form: next to
the inner wick tube; while the other ascends through a small tube (suspended in the
centre of the inner wick tube), into a disc shaped heating space or chamber at the top,
from which it issues in the form of a circular film or layer of highly heated air into
the body of the flame. The several currents used are broken up into parts or thin film
like layers, again meeting in such a manner as to feed the flame uniformly at several
points by a comparatively steady and evenly distributed supply of heated air; resulting
in a highly luminous and almost motionless flame, from equal or perfect combustion at
all points.
In construction the lamp may take two forms. One, in which the inner wick tube
extends to the bottom and forms a part of the oil reservoir: drawing its air supply
from below; the other wherein it is made in the form of an attachment to an ordinary
oil reservoir. In the latter form of the invention, (distinguished as a burner), the
inner supply of air is drawn through a space or spaces at or near the point at which
the finger wheel or wick regulating device is placed.
Fig. 1 is a section showing the invention as applied to a lamp, wherein the air, for
the interior of the flame, enters at the bottom. Fig. 2 is a section showing the
invention as applied to a burner wherein the air supplying the inner wick tube enters
one or more orifices at the side, at or near the wick regulating device. Figs. 3, 4
and 5, indicate modified forms of the heating chamber shown in Figs. 1 and 2;
embodying the same principle.

page_text: Two tubes, of different diameters, are fastened to each other, so as to form an
annular space for the wick. These are respectively called the outer wick tube a, and
the inner wick tube, b. Attached to the outer one, is a flange or shoulder carrying a
screw, bayonet joint, or other suitable means, c, for securing the same to the top of the
oil reservoir the circularly arranged wick or wicks extending downward into the
Above the flange or shoulder the feed wheel or wick regulating device dis
placed which may be of any suitable kind.
same.
:
In the burner, this feed wheel or device is surrounded by, or passes through, a space
or spaces e, made by connecting the inner and outer wick tubes together by means of
a short piece of tubing of the required section, soldered in place; and through which
the inner current of air is supplied to the flame. Above the feed wheel, upon the
outside, springs a perforated cup shaped piece f, in the usual manner; and within it a
perforated cone or ring g is placed.
:
The cone or ring g is used to direct the air entering the cup, towards the centre,
and also to temper or partially check the flow of air jets upward thus breaking up
the blow pipe jets hitherto used, and causing the air to take the form of an annular
stream. These objects may, likewise, be attained by placing the perforated cone
upright, (as shown in Fig. 2), or by an inwardly projecting screen, rim, or flange ;
which may form a part of the gallery that sustains the chimney, or of the cap
surrounding the base of the flame; or by any combination of these methods. The air,
thus deflected inward, ascends into the cap, and being checked by the form thereof, or
by another flange, rim, or apron forming a part of, or a deepening of the central
orifice or throath is there subdivided: a part flowing outward through perforations i
in the upper and outer part of the cap; and a part through the throath, or central
orifice surrounding the flame.
The apron or flange, forming a part of or prolongation of the throat A, may be
conveniently made separate from the cap and placed therein, as shown in Fig. 2;
the upper and outer portion thereof being cupped to form a hood, partially or
entirely extending over the perforations in the outer part of the cap, as indicated
by the figures. The air issuing therefrom is deflected into the space between the
cap and the chimney, in the form of a thin film of air, which ascends in a steady
stream to feed the outer portion of the flame. The cap may, however, be made of
one piece of metal; the flange, apron, or prolongation of the throat being turned
upward and outward as shown in Fig. 1, and extending over the perforations, i, as
before. It is important that the throat be made of appreciable depth as compared
with the edge of a thin metal plate, but the flange or apron may be turned up or
down; the curve or section of the latter, modifying the shape of the flame. The
throat being thus prolonged or deepened, the air passing through is drawn out into
an annular film, and brought into contact with the outer part of the base of the flame.
The inner wick tube is supplied with air from the bottom, when it forms a part
of the oil reservoir; or from the orifice or orifices e, near the finger wheel, in the
case of the burner as previously mentioned. Arins, j, are placed across the inner
wick tube (so as to impede the air current as little as possible), to support a small
tube therein. This, extending upward above the wick some distance, terminates
in a heating and distributing chamber 1, for the air conveyed thereto. This chamber
is formed between two discs or plates: one placed upon the top of the tube and
closing the same: the other a short distance below; the air issuing from perforations
in the tube into the space between the discs. Both discs or plates may be made
quite flat so as to be perfectly parallel with each other throughout their planes, but
I find that by curving or dishing either, or both, and bringing their edges nearly
together the air issues from between upon the flame in a thin film of circular form:
which, giving better results, is adopted in practice. Other forms of the heating
chamber are shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :

page_text: subdividing, heating, and distributing, two currents of air; substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
2. In a lamp burner having a wick or wicks cylindrically disposed, the method of
subdividing, heating, and distributing two currents of air; substantially as and for
the purpose specified.
3. The method of heating and supplying a current of air to the outer part of the
flame, by causing it to pass a perforated cup, a perforated cone or a screen, and
subdiving the said current by the construction or arrangement of the cap surrounding
the flame, so that one portion thereof ascends through the throat or central orifice of
the cap, and the other through perforations in the upper and outer part of the same;
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. The combination of an inner wick tube, with a tube suspended therein extending
upward, and terminating in a heating chamber formed of two discs or plates, so
arranged that a part of the air entering the inner wick tube ascends into the heating
chamber and issues therefrom in a thin film upon the upper part of the flame;
substantially as described.
5. In a lamp or burner for burning mineral or other cils, a heating chamber formed
by arranging two plates or discs in a horizontal position, the edges thereof being a
short distance apart and parallel with each other, the space between communicating
with a tube which is suspended in, and open to the air supply of, the inner wick tube ;
substantially as described.
6. In a lamp or burner for burning mineral or other oils, a cap surrounding the
base of the flame having perforations at or near its exterior diameter; and a hood,
flange, apron or deflecting plate, combined with, or forming a part of, the said cap:
whereby air issuing from the perforations is distributed outwardly; substantially as
described.
7. In a lamp or burner for burning mineral or other oils, a cap surrounding the
base of the flame and having a central orifice or throat so formed or deepened as to
produce a prolonged contact between the air passing through the same, and the
Hame; substantially as and for the purpose described.
S. In a lamp or burner for burning mineral or other oils, the combination of a
perforated outer cup with an inner cone, screen, or deflecting plate; whereby the air
entering the cup is directed towards the centre and its velocity checked; substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
9. The combination of a heating chamber from which air issues in a thin circular
filin upon a surrounding flame, with a cap enclosing the base of the said flame and
adapted to feed air to the same in a thin annular form, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
10. The combination of a heating chamber, from which air is distributed in a thin
circular film upon a surrounding flame; with a cap enclosing the case of the said
flame, and adapted to feed air in a thin annular form to the same; and a perforated
cup having a cone, screen, or check plate therein, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
11. The combination of a perforated cup having a cone, screen, or check plate
therein; with a cap surrounding the base of a flame, and adapted to supply two
portions of a current of air in the form of films to the inner part of the flame;
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 10th
1007
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant.