IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM AND
OTHER ENGINES."-A communication from abroad by John Marcus
Boorman, of Scarborough, in the State of New York, United States
of America.
Seaied the 3rd November 1868, and dated the 26th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 26th May 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY STEAM AND
OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a more economical or advantageous
employment of the steam or other impelling fluid in an engine of
rotary character, and consists, firstly, in a combination with a revolving
[Price 8d.]

page_text: wheel or hollow ring working in contact with a fixed outer ring or
cylinder of curved steam pipes or arms to the wheel. The wheel is
divided into buckets or chambers, the divisions establishing which
constitute pistons for operation in connection with revolving or other
abutments. The wheel is further furnished with suitable side escapes
for the steam as it is exhausted from or works its way through the
engine, whereby the latter is operated not only by direct action of the
steam on the pistons, but also as it flows through the steam inlet
pipes or arms, and into and within or through the buckets or chambers
in the hollow ring or periphery of the wheel by its action, as in the
case of a simple emission engine or Barker's mill or wheel.
The Invention also consists in the employment of oppositely curved
steam pipes or arms to the wheel provided with valves or controlling
inlets and outlets to the buckets or chambers arranged on opposite
sides of the pistons so as to effect the reversal of the engine.
Also the Invention consists in combining with such valves pistons
working in cylinders that are in communication with opposite or
reverse steam supply passages to the engine so as to work the valves
automatically by the pressure of the impelling fluid accordingly as
it is let into one or other of the supply passages for the purpose of
revolving the engine in opposite directions.
Likewise the Invention consists in connecting these valves for con-
trolling the inlets and outlets of the revolving chambers or buckets
by a link motion so as to secure a joint and simultaneous action of
the valves.
Also the Invention embraces a combination of sliding racks or bars
carrying racks revolving in common with the buckets and pinions
which are worked by the racks for operating the inlet and outlet
valves. An adjustable character or independent motion is given to
the racks which operate the inlet valves to the buckets for the purpose
of giving to the valves a cut-off motion or action. A locking and
unlocking device or combination of devices is adapted to the revolving
abutments, and operates in connection with projections on the revolving
wheel or their equivalents to secure a proper action of the abutments
relatively to the travel of the pistons past and between them. An
outside stationary exhaust steam jacket or jackets is adapted to the
buckets for use in combination with them and their side escapes and
outer stationary ring or cylinder to the wheel, so that while a boxed-

page_text: in character is given to the buckets and the latter are kept warm
externally by the exhaust steam, the same are relieved from unequal
ith the instinte
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herselt, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special licence
that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any tiine agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROTARY STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES," being a communication to
me from
abroad by John Marcus Boorman, of Scarborough, in the County of
Westchester, and State of New York, United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my
executors or administrators; by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to he filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing

page_text: hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say)-
This Invention has for its object a more economical or advantageous
employment of the steam or other impelling fluid in an engine of
rotary character, and consists, firstly, in a combination with a revolving
wheel or hollow ring working in contact with a fixed outer ring or
cylinder of curved steam pipes or arms to the wheel. The wheel is
divided into buckets or chambers, the divisions establishing which
constitute pistons for operation in connection with revolving or other
abutments. The wheel is further furnished with suitable side escapes
for the steam as it is exhausted from or works its way through the
engine, whereby the latter is operated not only by direct action of the
steam on the pistons, but also as it flows through the steam inlet
pipes or arms, and into and within or through the buckets or chambers
in the hollow ring or periphery of the wheel by its action, as in the
case of a simple emission engine or Barker's mill or wheel.
The Invention also consists in the employment of oppositely curved
steam pipes or arms to the wheel provided with valves or controlling
inlets and outlets to the buckets or chambers arranged on opposite
sides of the pistons so as to effect the reversal of the engine.
Also the Invention consists in combining with such valves pistons
working in cylinders that are in communication with opposite or
reverse steam supply passages to the engine that may be made in the
main shaft of the latter so as to work the valves automatically by the
pressure of the impelling fluid accordingly as it is let into one or
other of the supply passages for the purpose of revolving the engine
in opposite directions.
Likewise the Invention consists in connecting these valves for con-
trolling the inlets and outlets of the revolving chambers or buckets
by a link motion so as to secure a joint and simultaneous action of
the valves.
Also the Invention embraces a combination of sliding racks or bars
carrying racks revolving in common with the buckets and pinions
which are worked by the racks for operating the inlet and outlet
valves. An adjustable character or independent motion is given to
the racks which operate the inlet valves to the buckets for the purpose
of giving to the valves a cut-off motion or action. A locking and
unlocking device or combination of devices is adapted to the revolving

page_text: abutments and operate in connection with projections on the revolving
wheel or their equivalents to secure a proper action of the abutments
relatively to the travel of the pistons past and between them. An
outside stationary exhaust steam jacket or jackets is adapted to the
buckets for use in combination with them and their side escapes and
outer stationary ring or cylinder to the wheel, so that while a boxed-
in character is given to the buckets and the latter are kept warm
externally by the exhaust steam, the same are relieved from unequal
or side friction though working in contact with the jackets.
Having thus described the object and nature of the Invention, its
description will be proceeded with in reference to the accompanying
Drawing.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical central section taken transversely through
its axis of an engine or engine in part constructed in accordance with
this improvement after or according to one of its modifications restricting
the engine to rotation in one direction only; Fig. 2 is also a vertical
section taken through the axis, but irregularly or through different
planes, and shewing the engine constructed to rotate in both directions;
Fig. 3 is an outside view or elevation of the engine constructed as
illustrated in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a mainly sectional view of the same
taken at right angles to Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 is an inverted plan or
under face view on an enlarged scale of a portion of certain reversing
gear which may be used for cutting off the steam in the wheel for
the purpose of working the engine expansively.
Referring in the first instance to Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the accom-
panying Drawing, A represents the frame of the engine. This frame may
be of any suitable shape and stiffness capable of carrying a stationary outer
ring or cylinder B with its abutment chambers C and working parts
generally of the engine. B is the main or driving shaft, which may be
set to revolve in bearings a, a*, and is formed with cavities or tubular
passages 6, 6, in it extending in the axial line of the shaft from bearing
to bearing, subject to their division or separation by a diaphragm or
partition c. This tubular provision may be established by a sectional
construction of the shaft or in any other way, and a solid extension of
the shaft may be formed on either or both sides of the engine by
screwing and pinning the solid and hollow portions of the shaft together,
as shewn in Fig. 4, or otherwise suitably connecting them. Near the
outer ends of the passages 6, 61, are openings d of any suitable number

page_text: k
arranged in and around the shaft D with their ends inclining to direct
the in-coming fluid or vapor entering them along the passages b, b.
These openings d communicate with annular recesses e made in the
bushes or brasses of the bearings a, a, to which steam is admitted or
from which it is shut off by steam inlet controlling valves f, one to
either bearing a, a, according to the direction in which it is required
to run the engine, or accordingly as it is required to be stopped and
started, the steam admitted to the one passage b serving to drive the
engine in one direction, or by entering the other passage 61 to give to
it an opposite rotation, a suitable connection being established by pipes
of the boxes to the valves with a steam boiler or generator. Mounted
on the shaft D through it may be suitable arms or other connections
so as to rotate with it is a hollow ring E made up of sides h and an
inner cylinder i that is concentric to the outer fixed cylinder or ring B,
against the inner periphery of which the outer edges of the sides hor
packings work. The inner hollow ring E with its attachments constitute
the wheel or travelling portion of the engine, and is divided at equal
distances apart by diaphragms or partitions, that in the working of
the engine constitute pistons k forming ends to chambers or buckets;
these pistons may be constructed in various ways, but it is preferred
to make them of a base or inner block portion provided with reversely
arranged angular ports m, m³, for the purpose of admitting steam to
opposite sides of the pistons according to the direction in which it is
required to work the engine, and inclining so as to admit the steam
in a direction or directions as nearly approximating the line of travel
of the bucket at their points of entry within the same as convenient
or practicable. And furthermore on to such base portions of the pistons
there are cast on or attached to the ring i of the wheel hollow extensions
or outer portions formed, say, in sections, and projecting so as to nearly
touch the inner periphery of the stationary cylinder B with or against
which the pistons may be made to work closely by means of springs n
or other suitable packing; such hollow extensions or outer portions of the
pistons are filled with cloth and tallow to prevent blowing or leakage,
the cloth if desired projecting through the sides of such pistou extensions
where the two sections of which they are composed meet. Of course
there may be any desired number of buckets and pistons kin or to
the wheel which they serve in part to compose. The angularly disposed
ports m, m', in the base portions of the pistons are put in and out of
communication with reversely arranged and curved steam pipes F, F¹,

page_text: forming arms to the wheel E, or with curved or angular passages o, o¹,
connected therewith by valves G of cock-like character and made with
a diagonal passage p through then, so that on suitably turning the
valves communication is established either with the arms For F accord-
ing to the direction it is desired to run the engine, the one set of hollow
arms F connecting with the passage 6 in the main shaft, and the other
with the passage b'. These valves G are preferably formed of two
frusta of cones, but may be otherwise constructed or other descriptions
of valves substituted for them. When required to shut off steam from
entering the chambers or buckets in the wheel to act upon either of the
opposite sides of the pistons k to rotate the wheel, as, for instance, when
cutting-off steam at certain points in the travel of the pistons between
the abutments, the valves G may be turned to close communication
with both sets of arms F, F₁, the valves f (controlling ingress to the
passages 6, 6',) answering to stop and start the engine. The hollow
arms or pipes F, F', are preferably so shaped or curved as that the
steam in passing through them and through the ports m, m', and into
the buckets or chambers between the pistous to propel the wheel, and
in due course through suitable valves as herein-after described out of
the buckets, will exert a pressure or action favorable to the rotation of
the engine on the principle of a Barker's mill or reaction wheel for
operation in concert with the direct action of the steam on or against
the pistons k, as produced by its collection within the buckets between the
pistons and the abutment H of the engine. These abutments are here
represented as of a rolling or rotary character working in boxes or
chambers C, and within the buckets or chambers of the wheel lying
between the pistons. There are here shewn five of such abutments at
an equal distance apart for operation in concert with four pistons at
uniform distances relatively to each other, but the number of these
abutments, as well as the number of pistons and steam supply pipes or
arms F, F, may be more or less varied. The abutments H (being fast
ou horizontal spindles ) are made up of several vanes or arms (preferably
four) of a breadth and diameter to work when revolved as close but
freely operating stops within the buckets or chambers between the
pistons and their boxes or chambers C, and may be suitably packed on
their peripheries or outer ends, as, for instance, by springs backed within
the vanes by cloth and tallow or otherwise, and of such length and
flexibility as to establish a prolonged surface when in contact with the

page_text: parts of the engine they are designed to bear or work against; other
forms of abutments or other forms of packing may however if desired
be substituted. These abutments H are or may be rotated in either or
both directions, according to the travel of the engine, to permit of the
pistons passing them by when the abutments are relieved from hold, or
lock the frictional contact of the cylinder and sides h of the wheel on
them; or if necessary the same may be effected or aided in part by
direct contact of the pistons, or their timely rotation may be accom-
plished by gearing connected with the engine. The cavities or spaces
between the vanes or arms of the revolving abutments H should be
more or less of an epicycloidal character, so that in the rotation of the
abutments the pistons will work in a close or steam-tight manner
within or against the face of the cavities as the pistons pass the
abutments. To lock or hold the abutments H in proper position for
the steam to act against them and on the pistons after the latter have
passed the abutments, the spindles r of the abutments may carry on
their ends notched discs I, the notches in which are made to correspond
as regards number and position with the vanes or arms of which the
abutments are composed, such notched discs operating in concert with
radially sliding bolts J suitably slotted and guided and pressed down
by springs s acting against fixed projections t attached to the outer
stationary ring or cylinder of the engine for the purpose of shooting the
bolts J into the notches of the discs I, and of holding them therein
when it is required to establish the locking of the abutments. When
it is necessary to free the abutments so as to allow of their rotation
and passage of the pistons by or through them, the bolts J are or may
be slidden radially outwards from gear with the notched discs I by raised
formations u having inclined ends arranged on the cylinder i, which is
extended on either side, as represented in Fig. 4, the formations u acting
as the wheel E is rotated under or against rollers furnished at the inner
ends of the bolts J, which by a suitable construction of the notches in
the discs I and properly timed action on them of the wheel through
its formations u are made to engage and disengage in an easy manner
with and from the notched discs, the pistons as they pass the abutments
serving momentarily to hold the latter while the bolts are shooting
into lock with the notched discs. In this way is an automatic and
perfect action secured to the abutments relatively to the pistons and
the abutment-left free to revolve when relieved from lock.

page_text: After the steam has performed its duty in the buckets or chambers
between the pistons it is allowed to escape through exhaust ports or
passages made in the sides h of the hollow ring E, and controlled by
slides or valves K in gear with the induction valves G, as herein-after
described, so that in either adjustment of the latter valves to pass steam
into the buckets through the ports m or m², which provide for opposite
travels of the engine, the exhaust ports will be suitably opened for the
steam to escape after it has performed its duty. This joint action of the
induction and outlet or eduction valves is or may be effected auto-
natically as follows:-In open communication with each of the passages
b, b', in the main shaft, with one of which the hollow arms F and with
the other of which the reversely arranged arms F connect, are radial
cylinders L, L, containing pistous, the rods of which are pivotted at
their outer ends to and serve to operate bell cranks M (working on
fulcra, as at v, Fig. 4) connected with the wheel E. These bell cranks
serve to operate directly and by. connecting frames or rods a³ longi-
tudinally sliding bars N, one to each induction valve G and eduction
valve or valves working in concert or more immediate connection with
it, and such bars N, accordingly as they are moved to the right or left,
serving to reverse the position or action of the valves. as regards the
ingress of steam from the arms F or F¹, and escape of the same after it
lias performed its duty in the buckets according to the required direction
in travel of the engine, by means of racks w and a connected with the
sliding bars, and gearing into pinions y on the stems of the induction
valves G and pinions z on spindles a carrying other pinions b¹, which
This reversal
gear with racks on the backs of the eduction valves.
of the valves is effected automatically by letting steam alternately or
successively into the passages b, 61, in the main shaft, steam entering
the one passage b to supply the arms F, also passing to the cylinder or
cylinders L to throw out their pistons. This carries the sliding bars N
to the left, and gives the induction valves G a half turn to put their
passages in line with the arms F and ports m, and at the same time
adjusts the eduction valves K to open the escape passages at the one end
of the valves. Steam is cut off from entering the passage (and made
to enter the other passage b₁ to supply the arms F¹), throws out the
piston or pistons in the cylinder or cylinders L', and works the sliding
bars N to the right to reverse the position of the induction and
eduction valves G and K, thereby opening communication by giving the
valves G a half turn in the opposite direction, and the eduction-valves K

page_text: their required movement between the ports m¹ and the arms F1 and
escape openings with the buckets at the opposite ends of the valves or
slides K. It will be obvious that by the action of the current or currents
or pressure of steam brought to bear upon the pistons in the cylinders
L or L, and gear of the several pistons and valves together by links or
frames a³ connecting the several bars N, that as the pistons receiving
steam from the passage o work outwards the piston or pistons exposed
to communication with the passage b'is or are forced inwards, and vice
versâ, accordingly as steam is let into the passage b or b¹, which governs
the direction in which the engine is to travel. The several valves G
and K work in unison by reason of their linked connection. The racks w
which operate the induction valves G are provided with an independent
sliding action in or on the bars N by giving them a small amount of
play through means, say, of a recessed construction of the bars N, as
illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, in order that the racks may be worked to
give a cut-off action to the valves by slightly turning them while the
pistons are travelling between the abutments so as to close the ports
m, m¹. This cut-off operation of the induction valves is distinct from
their reversal, and may be made without interfering with the latter in a
variety of ways. The ends of the recess d¹, in which each rack w sits, and
along which it has play to establish the cut-off, strikes the rack and
carries the same along with it whenever the sliding bar N is moved to
the right or left to reverse the engine, as herein-before described. Thus
the rack w may be moved independently of the reversing bars N to effect
the cut-off by means of a pinion e¹ gearing with the rack and operated
by a crank or arm connected with its spindle that receives motion
through a connecting rod from a crank or excentric pin connected with a
bevil pinion h¹, which though revolved along with the wheel together with
the other gear is free to rotate on its own axis, and in its rotation serves
to turn the pinion e¹ so as to give the cut-off action to the valve. The
means for giving the suitable motion to the pinion h¹ may be varied.
It may be effected by the devices shewn in part in Figures 3 and 4, and
more clearly exhibited as regards certain of the details in Fig. 5, and in
which Figs. i represents a stationary excentric surrounding the main
shaft that revolves through it, and a ring fitted to turn on the
excentric, and connected with cranks carried by brackets attached
to the wheel E. These cranks have connected with them wheels n'
which gear with the bevil pinions h', each of which may be provided
with a horse-shoe attachment or slotted crank o' in which plays the one

page_text: end or roller fitted thereon of a rod pl in similar roller connection at its
opposite end with the slotted crank f¹ which is fitted on the spindle of
the pinion el to either induction valve. Connected with the roller pin
at the one end of each rod is a bar q', which by means of a slot. r¹ in
it swinging and sliding at its other end on a stationary pin s may be
adjustable on an arm connected with the wheel E. The outer end of
this bar is fitted with a sliding block made adjustable by a set screw t';
springs or other suitable devices are attached to the slotted cranks for
holding down or out the ends of the rod p'. By these means and as the
crank o revolves to vibrate the crauk f is the cut-off motion given to
the pinion e, the spring u to the crank o yielding at the necessary
points, and the end of the rod pl playing in the slot of the crank to give
a period of rest to each pinion e¹ during the greater portion of the
rotation of each crank o, during which the steam is entirely cut off,
and a cut-off action to it for the remainder of such rotation, excepting
where a pause is effected by means of the play of the rod P¹ at its
opposite end on the pin, the adjustable slide operated by the set screw t¹
and adjustable pin or stop s' regulating the position of the rod p¹ in
the revolving crank o', and so determining the period or extent of cut-off,
a suitable relative velocity, say of five to one in the present instance,
being established between the pinion h¹ and its driver n¹ to secure a
timely action of the cut-off during the rotation of the wheel E. It is
evident that the closer the pin s¹ is moved to the pinion ¹ the greater
the duration of the cut-off. As in the reversal of the engine by moving
the rack w by means of the bar N the pinion c¹ will be rotated half a
circle, the crank f¹ be made to travel as indicated by the dotted lines a
from the position a to the point a, carrying along with it the rod p¹,
provision is inade by the slot in the crauk fi and spring u¹ or its
equivalent for the play of the rod on the crank during such movement,
and for its proper outer adjustment after being so moved. The several
induction valves G may be thus similarly operated, or be otherwise
connected to work in unison, or as before observed the reversing rack w
have its independent cut-off motion given it in a variety of ways or by
different meaus. Thus the pinions controlling each induction valve G
may be made of suitable size so as to rotate the requisite number of
times (each revolution of the engine to produce the necessary action by
a direct pitman connection with the cranks), operating the pinions e¹
through gear of each pinion h' with a circular stationary rack carried by
the engine frame or parts exterior to it, thereby dispensing with the

page_text: driver n', excentric ¹, and other sundry direct or indirect attachments
shewn in the cut-off motion or gear represented in Figures 3 and 4.
The spent steam which escapes through the side openings in the wheel
controlled by the valves K passes off into fixed annular jackets P forming
parts of or side extensions to the stationary cylinder within which the
wheel E works. This wheel is extended laterally to correspond, and
suitable packings v are provided for the jackets P and the wheel E to
establish a close but free fit or run of the wheel in contact with the
jackets without unequal or objectionable side friction, while the jackets
serve to keep the wheel buckets or chambers warm. Any number of
pipes may be adapted to the jackets P to carry off the exhaust steam
passing into them and suitable provision made for drawing off the water
at the bottom of the jackets arising from condensation of the steam.
If desired an additional intermediate steam jacket may be made to
surround or box in the outer cylinder by a casing enclosing the abutment
chambers C, or extending from chamber to chamber, with sides resting
on the outer stationary ring or cylinder. Where it is not necessary to
provide for the reversibility of the engine, then it may be constructed
substantially as represented in Fig. 1, where there are shown only one
set of curved steam arms or pipes F and one passage to the main
shaft D, the wheel E with its pistons travelling within the cylinder B
and past the rolling or revolving abutments H, as indicated by arrows in
the Figure, and the valves G and K being dispensed with, exhaust steam
outlets being made in the sides of the wheel. Instead of rolling or
revolving abutments slides or hinged flaps may be used and operated in
any suitable manner to allow of the passage of the pistons.
Any suitable governor and valve arrangement may be employed, and
numerous changes or modifications of various details adapted to carry
out the Invention as herein described, any desired gas or vapor being
used if preferred in place of steam to work the engine.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I claim as the Invention secured to me
by Letters Patent as aforesaid,
First. The combination of the curved steam pipes or arms F or F',
with the hollow ring E and pistons, operating in connection with a
stationary ring or cylinder B carrying suitable abutments, and with side
escapes or other suitable outlets, as specified.

page_text: Second. The employment of oppositely arranged or curved steam pipes
or arms F, F, in combination with passages b, 61, valves G and K of
any suitable discription, and controlling inlet and outlet ports as
described, pistons k to the wheel E, and rolling or other abutments H to
actuate the engine in either or opposite directions, as herein set forth.
Third. Simultaneously operating the valves G and K to provide for
reversal of the engine, as described, by means of steam supplied to
opposite or reverse main passages 6, 61, and acting upon pistons within
radial cylinders L, L', or their equivalents.
Fourth. The ombination with the valves G and K and pistons in or
to the cylinders L, L³, for operation, as described, of a linked or frame
connection to the several valves throughout the wheel for the purpose of
securing a simultaneous and joint action, as described.
Fifth. The combination of the sliding bars N with their racks w and x,
pinions y, z, valves G and K, and pinions 61 working into racks on the
backs of the valves K, as shown and described.
Sixth. The combination with the valves reversing bars N of the
independently sliding racks w to effect alike the reversal of the valves
G and K and to establish a cut-off action to the induction valves, as
set forth
Seventh. The combination with the rolling abutments H of the notched
discs I and locking bolts J, as specified.
Eighth. In combination with the wheel E the outside stationary steam
jackets P and outer stationary cylinder B arranged relatively to each
other and for joint operation, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fifth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)