Improvements in and relating to Bakers' Ovens.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 21st Dec., .1895-Accepted, 25th Jan.. 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Bakers' Ovens.
I JOHN PARKER of the Firm of John Parker's Limited Joinery Manufacturers
of No. 111 Conybere Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object the improvement of ovens such as are used for
baking bread, meat and such like.
Hitherto bakers' ovens have been constructed partly of brick-work and partly of
iron, the mouth-end of such ovens usually consisting of an iron-frame with inset
mouth-piece carrying entrance door, and under the inset mouth-piece is usually
provided what is technically termed the prover, or secondary oven and at the right
or left of mouth-přece is provided a frame of fire-bars covered by an outer door,
and underneath such fire-bars an ash-pit or receptacle also covered by an outer
door, and in addition a damper to regulate the draught of the fire, or to cut off the
fire during the process of baking also a pyrometer or heat indicator placed over
the mouth-piece of oven.
So far I have described the main features of the old style or method of building
an oven.
My invention consists in the specific improvements hereinafter described more
especially relating to the damper, pyrometer or heat indicator, air tight doors, the
prover, the cam-actuated and wheel actuated door-fasteners, and repairing-door.
The first modification of my invention relates to the damper; I make my
improved damper by forming a vertical frame having two closed sides and two
open ends; the front end is provided with a door and the back end forms part of
the valve or damper; I provide a valve-rod or damper-rod of suitable length to
travel within the damper-frame; on the front end of the valve-rod I fix a plate
the centre of which would project in a circular form to the distance of one inch
more or less, this projecting circular part would be tapered and surrounding the
root-end of projecting part would be provided a circular facing.
I next provide a covering-plate for the back-end of damper-frame, the covering-
plate would be pierced with a circular hole corresponding with the circular valve,
and surrounding such circular hole would be provided a facing to correspond with
the facing provided at the root of circular part of valve or damper; the valve or
damper would be turned in the lathe or otherwise mechanically treated so as to
produce a true face or joint and so as to produce a true tapered cylindrical
projection; the back-plate of damper would also be turned in the lathe ground or
otherwise mechanically treated so as to produce a true face and a true circular
passage; in some cases I prefer to dispense with the cylindrical plug end of valve
and use only the planed surfaces; the valve or damper secured to the end of the
valve-rod would slide between the vertical sides of the damper-frame and would
be in a position suitable for adjustment from the front or door-end, adjustment
being obtained in the following manner; the valve-rod carrying the damper would
be moved towards the back end of damper frame for the purpose of closing the
damper; the tapered circular projecting part of damper or valve would enter the
tapered circular part provided in the closed end of damper-frame.
The turned face provided at root of damper projection taking an even bearing
against the turned or true face provided at the end of damper, the providing of
these true faces to form a perfect joint constitutes the essential part of the first
modification, at the front end of damper-frame I provide facings and to the front
end I also secure a hinged door, facings would be provided on the hinged door and

page_text: the facings of the front of damper-frame and its door would be planed or other-
wise mechanically treated so that the damper door would make an air-tight and
steam-tight joint on the front of damper; the valve-spindle or damper-spindle
passing through the door and being capable of adjustment in the manner herein-
before described, and when the damper is in its closed position it can be locked
with the faces close together by means of a lever secured to that part of the
valve-spindle projecting through door, such lever being turned so as to take a
bearing within a staple or other equivalent projection, this first modification of my
invention is a part of the complete oven nevertheless it is self-contained and can
be used with the old-style oven as a means of regulating the draught of any old
style oven.
The second modification of my invention consists in an improved system of
oven-mouth and inset-frame. I form my inset-frame with two projecting vertical
indicator-bays or supports, one on each side of door, such indicator-bays are
new in connection with and forming part of oven-mouth frames; I connect a
pyrometer to one bay and a time-indicator to the other bay so that the baker in
using the oven will always have the pyrometer and the time indicator close to
oven door, this arrangement of indicators is of considerable convenience to users
of ovens.
The third modification of my invention relates to the making of the main-oven-
door, the fire-hole-doors, the ash-hole- doors and all doors used on and in connection
with ovens, such doors being provided with facings taking on to facings provided
on the door-frames of such doors, the facings of the frames and the facings of the
doors being turned, planed, machined, or otherwise, mechanically treated so as in
each case to produce steam-tight aud air-tight joints; the application of this
system of steam-tight doors to baking-ovens is new and original and the benefit to
be gained by the use of steam-tight doors is considerable and is well known and
understood by persons accustomed to the use of baking-ovens.
The fourth modification of my invention relates to the secondary oven namely
the arched space under the floor of oven-proper; hitherto only a narrow single
chamber has been provided, usually the whole length of the oven from mouth to
back, thus necessitating considerable labour in moving trays; my improvement
consists in providing two chambers or provers extending the whole width of the
oven-framing and such provers need not be so deep as the old-style prover,
consequently much time can be saved in the placing of trays within the prover,
and in the removing of such trays when ready for removal, moreover the double-
prover with double doors matches with the main frame of oven-mouth so that I am
enabled to form the oven-framing, the prover-framing and the oven-mouth in one
continuous set which facilitates the building of the oven at a minimum of cost
with a maximum of utility and convenience as an oven.
By the fifth modification of my invention I provide a cam in connection with a
handle, so that the cam can be moved by the handle into a slot on or in the door-
framing to press the planed faces of the door and door-frame together.
By the sixth modification of my invention 1 provide a toothed-wheel and handle
geared into a toothed cam so that the handle of the toothed-wheel can be moved
to rotate the teeth in the pitch of pinion and thereby rotate the pinion into a
position locking the cam of pinion within a slot, staple or other catch provided
on door-frame to secure the door and door-frame rigidly together.
By a seventh modification or improvement in connection with the framing of
ovens I form in the oven framing an opening equivalent to a man-hole over the
fire-door I provide a movable plate or door over this new opening the new opening
is for use in getting at the flues to repair the same without the removal of the
main-framing of oven-front.
Dated this 11th day of February 1895.
ALFRED WILLIAM TURNER,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birmingham,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Bakers' Ovens.
I JOHN PARKER, of the Firm of Parkers' Limited, Joinery Manufacturers of
111 Conybere Street, Birmingham in the County of Warwick do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in, what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention has for its object the improvement of ovens such as, are, used by
bakers for baking bread.
Hitherto ovens have been constructed partly of brick-work and partly of iron,
the mouth-end of such ovens usually consisting of an iron frame with inset mouth-
piece carrying entrance door, and under the, inset-mouth-piece is usually provided
what is technically termed the prover or secondary oven, and at the right or left
of mouth-piece is provided a frame of fire-bars covered by an outer door, and
underneath such fire-bars an ash-pit or receptacle also, covered by an outer. door,
and in addition a damper to regulate the draught of the fire, or to cut off the fire
during the process of baking, also a pyrometer or heat indicator. placed over the
mouth-piece of oven.
So far I have described the main features of the old style or method of building
an oven.
My invention consists in the specific improvements hereinafter described, more
especially relating to the damper, the pyrometer or heat-indicator receiving bay,
air-tight doors, the prover and cam actuated and wheel actuated door-fastener.
I will now proceed to describe with relation to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which the several modifications of my invention are constructed and
used reference being made to the index-letters, similar letters refer to similar parts
throughout the several views.
Figure 1 represents in front view a general arrangement of my improved oven.
Figure 2 represents a section of Figure 1 on the line, A. B.
Figure 3 represents a front view of an oven door-fastening, arrangement. with the
latch down.
Figure 4 represents Figure 3 with latch raised, the handle and cam being
removed.
Figure 5 represents a section of Figure 3 on, the line C-D.
Figure 6 represents a front view of the cam-receiving end of oven door latch.
Figure 7 represents, a side view of catch for oven door latch.
Figure 8 represents a back view of sliding-block for oven door fastening
arrangement.
Figure 9 represents a side view of Figure 8.
Figure 10 represents a longitudinal section of damper arrangement.
Figure 11 represents a cross section of Figure 10 on the lines E. F, the damper
and spindle being removed.
Figure 12 represents an enlarged side view of handle for damper.
Figure 13 represents an enlarged broken-off front view of damper handle and
catch.
Figure 14 represents a section of Figure 15 on the line G. H.
Figure 15 represents a back view of the swinging oven-door.
Figure 16 represents an enlarged perspective view of the end of oven door
frame, shewing the opening for hanging the swinging-door.
Figure 17 represents a broken-off end portion of swinging door.
Figure 18 represents an enlarged perspective view of a cammed handle
arrangement, suitable for pressing against the oven door latch.
Figure 19 represents a toothed wheel and cammed pinion arrangement under
6th modification.
0

page_text: 4
Figure 20 represents a front detail view of oven provers.
Figure 21 represents a broken-off top portion of oven front shewing in
perspective the pyrometer bay, and the time indicator bay.
In carrying out the first modification of my invention I construct the improved
damper, as shewn at Figures 10 and 11. a and b represent the vertical sides of
damper-frame, c represents the front end of framing, and d represents the back
end; the sides and ends are secured together by means of the bolts as shewn or
by other equivalent mechanical means; the front end is provided with a door e
and the back end d forms part of the valve or damper. I provide a valve-plate f
and a valve-rody; on the front end of valve-rod is fixed the valve or plate f,
from which projects (by preference) a circular, tapered, facing part h; the back-
end covering-plate or valve seat d is pierced with a circular hole corresponding
with the circular valve; surrounding the circular hole would be provided a
facing j. The valve or damper ƒ would be turned in the lathe or otherwise
mechanically treated so as to produce a true, tapered, circular projection at h, the
covering plate or valve seat d would also be turned in the lathe or otherwise
treated so as to produce a true face and true circular passage at j.
In some cases I should prefer to dispense with the circular plug-end
of valve
and use only the planed surfaces k and 1, in such cases the passage may be either
square or round.
would slide between
The valve or damper secured to the end of valve rod
the vertical sides of the damper-frane over the ledges y₁ and would be adjusted
from the front-end or door-end c, adjustment being obtained in the following
manner.
The valve-rod 9 carrying the damper would be moved towards the back of
damper-frame for the purpose of closing the damper or valve f; the tapered
circular projecting part of damper or valve would enter the tapered circular
part j provided in the closed end of damper frame.
The turned face provided at root of damper projection taking an even bearing
against the turned or true face ; or against the flat faces k and 7 provided at end
of damper and damper-frame, the providing of these true faces to form a perfect
joint constitutes the essential part of the first modification of my invention.
At the front end c of damper-frame I can provide facings and to the front end
I also secure the door e; facings can where desired be provided on the door e and
the facings of the front of damper-frame and door could be planed or otherwise
mechanically treated so that the damper-door would make an air tight joint on
the front of damper-frame; the valve-spindle or damper-spindle g passes through
the door and is capable of adjustment in the manner herein before described,
and when the damper is in its closed position it can be locked with the faces
close together by means of a lever or handle (as shewn in detail at Figures 12
and 13), secured to that part of the valve-spindle projecting through the door,
such lever being turned so as to take a bearing within a staple m or other
equivalent projection, this first modification of my invention is part of the complete
oven, although such improved framing and damper is self-coutained and can be
used with the old style oven as a means of regulating the draught and of retaining
the steam within the oven.
The second modification of my invention consists of an improved arrangement of
oven-mouth and inset-frame carrying new parts.
I form my inset-frame with two projecting vertical indicator frames or bays,
one on right side of main entrance-door to oven marked n and the other on left
side of door, marked o as shewn at Figures 12 and 21 such indicator frames,
bays or receivers are new in connection with and forming part of, oven-mouth-
frames, as convenient surfaces on which to secure a heat indicator, and also on
which to secure a time indicator (not necessarily a clock but a clock-face the
hands of which would be moved to the right time for withdrawing the batch of
bread or other goods baking), heat-indicators and time-indicators have been used
on oven-framing previous to the date of this Specification but the projecting bays-

page_text: I connect a
have never yet been provided previous to the date of this invention.
pyrometer p on or to one of such indicator bays and a time indicator g to the
other bay, so that the person using the oven will always have the heat-indicator
and the record of the hour when to withdraw the contents of oven, close to oven-
door, this arrangement of indicators is of considerable practical value to the users
of ovens.
The secondary or supplementary door as shewn at Figures 2 14 15 and 17.
is provided for preserving the main-oven-door, such supplementary door is hung
on pivots s so that it can be radiated into the horizontal position shewn at
Figures 2 14 and 15, the door being supported in such position by means of the
swing-hook t, such hook being suspended to arm u.
A sight hole v is provided in the door r covered by a small suspended sight-hole
door w.
The third modification of my invention consists in the hereinafter described
method of making the main-oven-door a and all doors used on and in connection
with an oven, such doors under this invention having facings at y taking on to
facings provided on the door frames, and the facings of the frames and doors:
being turned, planed, machined, or otherwise mechanically treated so as in each
case to produce air-tight and steam-tight joints; the application of this system of
air-tight doors to the bake-ovens herein described is new and the benefits to be
gained by the use of steam-tight doors are considerable and well understood by all
persons accustomed to the use of baking-ovens.
The fourth modification of my invention relates to the secondary oven, namely
the arched space under the floor of oven-proper as shewn at Figure 20.
Hitherto only a narrow single chamber has been provided under the oven-proper,
such narrow chamber extending the whole length of the oven from mouth to back,
thus necessitating considerable labour in moving trays.
My improvement in provers consists in providing two chambers a¹ and b!
extending the whole width of the oven framing, such provers need not be so
deep as the old style prover, consequently much time can be saved in placing the
trays within prover on the ledges c', and in removing such trays when ready for
removal, moreover the double prover with double doors matches with the main
frame of oven-mouth so that I am enabled to form the oven-framing, the prover-
framing and the oven-mouth in one continuous set, which facilitates the building of
the oven at a minimum of cost with a maximum of utility and convenience as an
oven.
By a fifth modification of my invention I provide a cam in connection with a
handle so that the cam can be moved by the handle into a slot on or in the door-
framing to press the planed-faces of the door and door-frame together.
The wood handle as shewn at Figures 1 3 4 5 and 14 is connected to the
stirrup-shaped part e¹, the stirrup shaped part is extended so as to form a cam f1
and beyond the cam f¹ extends a securing-pin g¹; over the cam fl is placed a
sliding-block : The latch is provided with an opening or slot k¹ to receive the
slide-block h (the making of the handle d¹ from wood or other non-conducting
material is an advantage when used as shewn close to the hot door of an oven).
The cam moves the latch j¹ in the following manner :- -When the latch j¹ is
raised for opening the door as shewn at Figure 4, the handle d' would be presented
to view in line with axis of latch, the cam having been rotated to move the
sliding-block h¹ within the slot k¹ to raise the latch into the position shewn at
Figure 4.
To lower the latch into catch, the handle d¹ and cam f¹ would be turned a
quarter revolution to the left into the position shewn at Figure 3, the cam f¹
turning within the hole I¹ of slide h¹, and the slide h¹ being connected to the latch;
the movement is thereby transferred from the slide to the latch.
In some cases the handle d¹ can be turned a quarter revolution to the right
instead of to the left as a means of lowering the latch into notch m¹. If it is
desired to raise the latch j¹ higher than shewn at Figure 4, the handle d¹ can be

page_text: revolved within the half of a circle and the cam consequently revolved within
the slide as a means of lifting the latch to the desired height, the slot ¹ being
made longer to permit of block travelling in a greater lateral path during the half
turn of handle than during the quarter turn of handle.
In lieu of the handle and the cam f I in some cases provide the handle n¹
and the cam o' as shewn at Figure 18, the latch p' is in such cases lowered into the
catch by its own weight, and secured therein by lifting the handle n' so as to
wedge the cam o' against the face of latch.
By the sixth modification of my invention I provide a toothed wheel (or
quadrant of a wheel) and handle s geared into a toothed cam t' so that the
handle s of the toothed wheel can be moved to rotate the teeth u¹ and thereby
rotate the pinion t' into a position locking the cam of pinion within a slot w¹ or
within a staple or other catch provided on door-frame to secure the door and
-door-frame rigidly together.
By a seventh modification or improvement in connection with oven-framing, I form
in the oven-framing an opening equivalent to a man-hole over the fire-door, and
over the new opening I provide a movable plate or door a¹. The new opening so
provided is for use in reaching the flues of oven to clean or repair the same
without the removal of the main framing of oven-front.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
-claim is,
1st. The invention as illustrated and described for use in the manner described.
2nd. The making of an oven-damper or valve by the combination and arrange-
ment of the several parts as illustrated and described in reference to Figures 10
and 11 for use in connection with baking-ovens.
3rd. The making of the metal front of a baking-oven by the combination of
indicator-bays or indicator-frames with the inset main-door frame as illustrated and
described in reference to Figures 12 and 21.
4th. The making of a bake-oven with steam-tight doors as illustrated and
.described with reference to the third modification and with reference to Figures 1
2 14 and 15.
5th. The making of a bake-oven prover in the manner illustrated and described
in reference to Figures 12 and 20.
6th. The securing of bake-oven-doors by means of a cam-actuated latch for the
purpose of pressing the inner face of the oven-door closely against the surface of
door-framing to secure a close joint as illustrated and described in reference to
Figures 3 4 6 7 8 9 18 and 19.
7th. The combination of the several parts herein described to form and forming
an improved bake-oven.
Dated this 20th day of December 1895
ALFRED WILLIAM TURNER,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birmingham,
Agent for the Applicant.