IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECKTIES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frances Hogg, of Number 14, Windsor Road,
Denmark Hill, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECKTIES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frances Hogg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
12th June 1873.
I, FRANCES HOGG, of Number 14, Windsor Road, Denmark Hill, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECKTIES," to be as follows:-
I manufacture my improved necktie of silk, or any suitable material,
with the bow in two parts (as shown in the Drawing g, h, i,), and for
easily and securely fastening the tie I insert certain mechanism within
each half of the bow, which mechanism I proceed to describe :—a is a
piece of hard wood of the size shown in the Drawing, thick enough at
one end to hold the screwed end or socket of the spring metal catch b,
and tapering towards the other end; c is a similar piece of wood holding

page_text: the hollow tube d, as shown in the Drawing; e, e¹, e¹, give the details of
the spring catch b; e is the screwed socket (made in brass or any
convenient metal); e¹ is a continuation of the same in the form of a
small hollow tube with a slot on both sides of the shape of that shown
in the Drawing; e¹¹ is a small round piece of vulcanized india-rubber'
inserted in the hollow slotted tube; f is a front view of the tube d;
g represents the necktie which for greater elasticity on the neck may
be cut at the dotted line, and there held together by a piece of elastic
material; h is the end of the tie which has the parts a, b, sewn into it;
i is the other end of the tie which has the parts c, d, sewn into it. When 1
the tie is put on all that is necessary to be done in order to join the bow
and secure it is to push the spring catch projecting from h into the
aperture at i.
This simple but most effective and durable apparatus acts by the
compression of the slotted tube and the vulcanized india-rubber, and 1
the necktie may be worn with security against any fear of becoming
unfastened until pulled apart.
k, k', are slight incisions in the wood useful in binding on the material
of the tie. All the parts of a, b, c, d, are shown in the Drawing of the
actual size, which I find convenient.
2
.
how doseshad
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frances Hogg in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th December 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCES 2
HOGG, of No. 14, Windsor Road, Denmark Hill, in the County of Surrey,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the 36th 3
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Frances Hogg, Her special license that I,
the said Frances Hogg, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or

page_text: such others as I, the said Frances Hogg, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
5 within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF NECKTIES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Frances Hogg, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frances Hogg, do hereby declare.
5 the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to an easy, expeditious, and effective means
for fastening and unfastening neckties.
I manufacture the necktie of silk, or any suitable material, making
the bow in two parts, and for easily and securely fastening the tie I
insert certain appliances within each half of the bow, one of which
appliances consists of a piece of hard wood, or other suitable and light
material, thick enough at one end to hold the socket of a spring metal
catch, and made tapering towards the other end. A similar piece of
wood in the other half of the bow holds an elastic split tube having a
rounded enlarged head.
The catch and socket may be made in brass, or any other suitable
metal or material.
The tube which fits inside the socket is split or slotted on both sides,
and has inserted inside it a small round piece of vulcanized india-rubber
to keep it expanded. For greater elasticity a piece of elastic material
may be inserted into the necktie behind the bow. When the tie is put
on all that is necessary to be done in order to join the bow and secure it
is to push the spring catch or split tube on one half of the bow into the
aperture or socket in the other half,
:
;

page_text: This simple, but most effective and durable apparatus acts by the
compression of the slotted tube and the vulcanized india-rubber, and
the necktie may be worn with security against any fear of becoming
unfastened until pulled apart. Perforations or slight incisions in the
wood will be found useful in binding on the material of the tie.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a full sized elevation of my
improved necktie with its fastening undone, the rest of the figures are
full sized details of the parts constituting the fastening detached. A is
the body of the necktie made of silk or other suitable fabric, and so
constructed as to present the appearance of an ordinary bow or tie in
front when fastened. The said bow is made in two distinct halves,
B and C, one half being attached to one end of the tie, and the other
half to the opposite end thereof, as will be clearly seen on referring to
Figure 1. Each half of the bow has secured therein a piece of light
wood, vulcanite, or other suitable material a, a¹, shewn detached in
side elevation and end view at Figures 2, 3, and 4, which is of an oval
section at the outer or front end, and tapers off to a thin edge at tho
inner end, the said pieces a, a', being entirely covered by the fabric, and
may be provided with holes, if desired, for the passage of the needle
when stitching the fabric thereon. Into the outer or butt end of each
of these pieces a, a¹, there is firmly secured either by a screw thread, as
shown in the Drawings, or by glue or other suitable cement, one of the
two members of the fastening which I prefer to consist respectively of a
spring catch 6 and a corresponding socket c, as shewn clearly in the
separate details Figures 2, 3, 4, and 5.
These members b and c may be composed of brass or other suitable
metal or material, but I prefer for the sake of lightness to employ
vulcanite.
A shank or stem 6', c¹, is formed on each member, which shank may
be screwed into the part a or a¹, as shown in my Drawing, or may be
left plain or roughened, and secured in position by glue or other suitable
cement. The spring catch 6 consists of a tube, having a rounded

page_text: enlargement at the extremity and slotted or split along each side (sec
Figures 3 and 5.) Within this tube I insert a piece of rounded elastic
vulcanised india-rubber, indicated by the black part in the slit in Figures
3 and 5, the said elastic material serving to maintain the slit tube in an
expanded condition, whilst at the same time it allows the two halves of
the said tube to approach each other when the enlarged head thereon is
being pushed home into the socket c, contained in the other half of the
bow. This socket should have a bore of rather less diameter than the
diameter of the enlarged head when expanded, and the length of the
said socket should be not greater than the length from the rear side of
the enlarged head to the shoulder d on the split tube, in order to allow
the head to pass just beyond the inner end of the socket, and be there
held when pushed home in the act of fastening the necktie by the slight
expansion of the split tube. The socket, moreover, should be formed
with an expanded or trumpet mouth at the entrance, as shown in
Figure 4, for facilitating the introduction therein of the spring catch 6.
This fastening is instantly undone by simply pulling asunder the two
halves of the bow, the separating force required for disconnecting the
two members of the fastening from each other being greater than what
would be likely to be exerted by any accidental strain upon the necktie
during ordinary wear.
It is obvious that an ordinary necklace clasp might be substituted for
my peculiar fastening, one member of the clasp, say the spring tongue,
being secured to one-half of the bow, and the other member constituting
the socket for the spring tongue being secured in the other half of the
bow, so that when the two members are united the bow will present the
appearance of an ordinary bow, which effectually conceals the fastening
employed. As this description of fastening would, however, entail the
necessity for nipping the spring tongue before it could be withdrawn,
I prefer to adopt the peculiar fastening which I have illustrated by my
Drawings.
Moreover, I propose to substitute thin sheet brass, copper, or other
metal, or thin sheet vulcanite, for the cardboard usually employed in
making the round parte of the bow, as the said material is not like
cardboard liable to become soft and limp by the frequent manipulation
of the bow. The part e of the bow should be made to project sufficiently
beyond the end of the piece of wood or other material a to form a
chamber or recess for the reception of the other half of the bow, so that

page_text: when the two halves are united by the fastening no break or join in the
bow will be perceptible. f is a piece of elastic let into the necktie
behind the bow to afford greater ease in wear.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The manufacture of neckties wherein the bow is made up in
two separate and distinct halves, each half containing the male or female
member of the fastening, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated by my Drawings.
Second. The use of the elastic split tube b with enlarged head, in
combination with the socket c, having an expanded mouth, substantially
in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described and illustrated:
by my Drawings.
Third. The application and use of pieces of wood or other suitablo
material a, a, secured inside the two halves of a divided bow for con-
taining severally the members of a fastening, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frances Hogg, have to this, my
Specification, set my hand and seal, the Sixth day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
TD ARS TIANA