IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WORTS, WHEREBY AN IMPROVED YIELD IS OBTAINED, WITH A RESIDUE SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER; ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF SUCH RESIDUE, WHETHER OBTAINED. IN THE PREPARATION OF WORTS OR FROM OTHER SOURCES, IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Solomon Bennett, of 111, Richmond Road,
Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WORTS, WHEREBY AN IMPROVED YIELD IS
OBTAINED, WITH A RESIDUE SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER; ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF SUCH RESIDUE, WHETHER OBTAINED.
IN THE PREPARATION OF WORTS OR FROM OTHER SOURCES, IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAPER."
Scaled the 17th January 1871, and dated the 11th August 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Solomon Bennett at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th August 1870.
I, SOLOMON BENNETT, of 111, Richmond Road, Dalston, in the County"
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for:
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WORTS, WHEREBY AN IMPROVED YIELD IS
.OBTAINED, WITH A RESIDUE SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF

page_text: PAPER; ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF SUCH RESIDUE, WHETHER OBTAINED IN THE
PREPARATION OF WORTS OR FROM OTHER SOURCES, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER,"
to be as follows:-
-
"5
length" of extract is
cuticle of the grain is
manufacture of paper.
In carrying the first part of the Invention into effect I first crush and
dress but do not grind the grain so as to remove the husk or cuticle.
The meal thus obtained is acted upon in the mash tun by means of
rollers or runners, and after the clear wort is run off such meal is pressed
by any suitable means, whereby a greater
obtained than heretofore, whilst the husk or
left in a condition fit to be employed in the
By the employment of rollers, or runners, or other suitable means in the
mash tun with a small amount of liquor the starch granules are broken
up, and an improved result obtained. After the meal has been pressed
as above I grind it and again operate upon it in the mash tun, and press
it as before.
In the preparation of worts for various purposes raw barley and oats
are sometimes mixed with the malt in various proportions, and the husks
of malt, barley, or oats obtained in the above manner or as a residue
from the manufacture of oatmeal, or pearl barley, or from any other
source are according to the second part of my Invention applied in the
manufacture of paper. In carrying this part of my Invention into effect
I first crush the husks or outer coverings of oats, barley, or malt in rolls
or any suitable mechanism, so as to split up and separate the fibres
thereof without grinding them, and I then boil with alkali, and proceed
in the usual manner adopted in the manufacture of paper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Solomon Bennett in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 11th February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SOLOMON
BENNETT, of 111, Richmond Road, Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, a
send greeting.

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Solomon Bennett, Her special licence that I, the
said Solomon Bennett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Solomon Bennett, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF WORTS,
WHEREBY AN IMPROVED YIELD IS OBTAINED, WITH A RESIDUE SUITABLE TO BE
EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER; ALSO IN THE EMPLOYMENT OF SUCH
RESIDUE, WHETHER OBTAINED IN THE PREPARATION OF WORTS OR FROM OTHER
SOURCES, IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Solomon Bennett, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,.
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Solomon Bennett, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the.
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In carrying the first part of the Invention into effect I crush and
dress but do not grind the grain so as to remove the husk or cuticle.
The meal thus obtained is acted upon in. the mash tun by means of
rollers or runners and after the clear wort is run off, such meal is pressed
by any suitable means, whereby a greater "length" of extract is obtained
than heretofore, whilst the husk or cuticle of the grain is left in a
condition fit to be employed in the manufacture of paper. By the
employment of rollers or runners. or other suitable means in the mash
tun with a small amount of liquor, the starch granules. are broken up
and an improved result obtained. After the meal has been pressed as
above I grind it and again operate upon it in the mash tun.and press it
as before.

page_text: In the preparation of worts for various purposes, raw barley and oats
are sometimes mixed with the malt in various proportions, and the
husks of malt, barley, or oats obtained in the above manner or as a
residue from the manufacture of oatmeal, or pearl barley, or from any
other source, by processes under which the husk or cuticle is not ground
or otherwise destroyed, but is left in a similar condition to that obtained
from the above processes are according to the second part of my
Invention applied in the manufacture of paper.
In carrying this part of my Invention into effect I crush or beat the
husks or outer coverings of oats, barley, or malt in rolls, or any suitable
mechanism so as to split up and separate the fibres thereof without
grinding them, and I boil with alkali and proceed in the usual manner
adopted in the manufacture of paper.
And in order that my Invention may be more clearly understood and
readily carried into effect I will proceed more fully to describe the same.
The mash tun I prefer to employ is that description which is provided
with a bed plate, upon which runners or rollers driven by any suitable
mechanism revolve, and with taps arranged one above another so as to
enable the wort to be run off clear.
For preparing worts for brewer's the malt is crushed but not ground
between two smooth rollers set close together, whereby every grain is
split up and opened, the grist is then dressed to separate the meal
from the husk so as to obtain the husk or cuticle as free as possible
from meal, and with its fibres but very little broken, in order that the
husk may be left in a suitable condition to be employed in the manu-
facture of paper.
The husk is acted upon in a separate mash tun to
obtain the extract and any glucose that may remain in it by means of
rollers or runners passing over the husk to further open up the fibre
without shortening it. The meal which is separated by dressing from
the husk I mix with water or "liquor," at such a temperature as the
condition of the malt requires, the temperature varying according to
the color of the malt, as is well understood, and I act upon such meal
by runners or rollers resting upon any suitable bed plate, and I give
motion either to the runners or rollers or to the bed plate, or I employ
two rollers of different diameters running close together, through which
the meal and liquor are caused to pass in a chamber of a similar
character to that of an ordinary rag engine, or any suitable apparatus

page_text: acting in a similar manner may be employed for the purpose of crushing
the granules of starch, which by imbibing the moisture are caused to
swell. And this crushing of the granules of starch leaves them in a
condition to be further and more completely acted upon than heretofore
by the chemical influences of the diastase, which as is well known has a
solvent action upon the tegumentary covering of the granules, and
thereby assists the crushing action, "liquor" of suitable temperature
being added from time to time. The mass may after being treated as
above for a suitable time be allowed to rest in order that the uncrushed
or undissolved particles may be precipitated, after which the clear wort
is run off first from the upper tap, then from the second, and so on.
The solid particles are again passed under the rollers or through suitable
crushing mechanism with the addition of "liquor" of a higher tem-
perature to crush the granules of starch. The "marc is drarined and
pressed, and again worked under the influence of the runners or other
suitable crushing mechanisin as often as may be found desirable. The
worts of the colored malt are obtained separately and are then run
together with the worts obtained by the above process which are then
sent to the copper to be treated as the brewer may require.
"
In the preparation of worts for glucose and vinegar makers, and
distillers, a mixed grist is used. The malt I dress as before explained,
the oats and raw barley I dry, in order thereby to facilitate the separation
of the husks or outer coverings therefrom either by crushing them
through two close rollers of different diameters, or as in the way now
adopted in the preparation of oatmeal or groats, or by any suitable
process of decortication. The perisperm or kernels are mixed with the
meal of the malt, and according to the preponderance of malted to the
unmalted meal will vary the temperature required in the mashing
liquor, the combined meal is treated in the manner already described
by breaking down the starch granules, and the worts obtained therefrom
are acted upon in the manner usually employed in the manufacture to
which it is to be applied. By the removal and separate treatment of the
husk, less "liquor" (water), is required to obtain the extract whilst an
increased "length" of extract is obtained.
It is evident that the malt, barley, or oats, may be treated in a
somewhat similar manner to the above to obtain a greater length-of
extract than heretofore without first separating the husk therefrom, but

page_text: although the residue might afterwards be treated so as to bring the husk
to a condition fit to be employed in the manufacture of paper according
to the second part of my Invention, the extract would not be so advan-
tageously obtained; but this process I should consider as a modification
of my Invention.
According to the second part of my Invention, I employ in the manu-
facture of paper the husks of malt, raw barley, and oats obtained in the
above processes, or the husks of malt, raw barley, and, oats obtained as
a residue from the manufacture of oatmeal or pearl barley, or from any
other source in which the said husks are obtained in a similar condition
to that above described.
The object in the before-mentioned processes of crushing or bruising
the malt, raw barley, or oats, with respect to this part of my Invention,
is the preservation of the length of fibre, and the dressing is to separate
the meal from the husk, which can be done better before mashing, thus
preventing too great a loss upon the employment of the husk in the
manufacture of paper, and having a due regard to each special part of
my Invention. The husks or shells are treated by boiling with alkali
as is usual with other paper stuff employed in the manufacture of paper,
but in the "beating engine" I cause it to pass through two rollers of
different diameters or in an ordinary rag beater having a stone plate
against which the beaters are caused to act upon the husks, whereby the
husks after boiling may be drawn out and the length of fibre not reduced.
It is thus pulped and worked into paper either by itself or by the
addition of other materials usually employed in the manufacture of
paper.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the mode
in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself to the employment of the particular descriptions
of machinery herein referred to, so long as machinery producing a
similar result is used, but what I claim is,―
First. The preparation of worts by first crushing the malt, raw barley,
and oats, and separating the meal from the husks, and then treating
the meal and husks separately as herein described, whereby an im-
proved "length" of extract is obtained with a residue (the husks)
suitable to be employed in the manufacture of paper substantially as
herein-described.

page_text: Secondly. I claim the employment in the manufacture of paper of
the husks of malt, raw barley, and oats obtained from the preparation
of worts or from other sources in which the fibre of the husk is not
destroyed substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Solomon Bennett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fith day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
SOLOMON BENNETT. .(L.s.)
Witness,
FRED. HARRIS,
Patent Agent,
35, Southampton Buildings.