matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED FETTLING FOR PUDDLING AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Legge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th April 1876.
_JOHN LEGGE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Works Manager.
"IMPROVED FETTLING FOR PUDDLING AND OTHER FURNACES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the fettling for puddling and
other furnaces.
I utilize the slag or cinder which is produced in puddling and other such like
furnaces as fettling for fettling such furnaces in the following manner :-The slag or
cinder, as before mentioned, runs from the furnace in a liquid or partly liquid state
into a mould or otherwise, and while it is still very hot I subject it to a blast of
air; or it may be removed into an ordinary refinery or other furnace for this
purpose, or treated in any similar manner by which the heat may be retained, and
when necessary increased. I then add certain chemicals amongst the aforesaid slag
or cinder for the purpose of removing as far as possible the phosphorus, sulphur, &c.,
and to reduce the silica. I then allow the mass to cool in any convenient way,
such as running it into moulds or pigs, to be afterwards broken or ground into
the requisite pieces or powder for making and mending the bottoms and other parts
(when necessary) of puddling and other furnaces, and thus the same substance or
bottom, with the addition of certain chemicals, would be worked over and over
again almost to any extent at a very much reduced cost.
The bottoms of furnaces are now made (or the fettling done) with substances
known as "purple ore," "blue billy," "bull dog," and such like materials. The
chemicals I propose to use are chloride of ammonia, oxide of iron, antimony, lime,
or other such like chemicals, and in such proportions as may be best suited to the
slag or cinder to be treated.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION FROM SIGNAL CABIN TO ENGINE DRIVER AND GUARDS OF A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Atkinson and Thomas Temple
at the Office of the Commisioners of Patents on the 12th February 1876.
JOHN ATKINSON, Saw Mill Owner, and THOMAS TEMPLE, Timber Merchant and
Brick Manufacturer, both of the Borough and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
IMPROVED MEANS OF COMMUNICATION FROM SIGNAL CABIN TO ENGINE DRIVER
AND GUARDS OF A RAILWAY TRAIN."
"
The object of our Invention is to provide a safeguard against the possibility of a
signal at danger being unobserved by the engine driver and guard of a railway
train.
Hitherto the safety of the train is dependent upon the observations of the
officials, who frequently by the state of the weather or the improper working of
the semaphore, have no intimation of danger until too near the cause to admit of its
being averted. To remedy this we would cause the danger signal to be indicated
on the engine and in the guard's van, and (which may be in addition to the usual
mode) by the following means:-To the bell crank or to any suitable part of the
arrangement for working the present signals, a rod or rods proceed from the signal
post towards the line of rails controlled thereby. At the termination of this rod
would be attached a block or check piece sliding to and fro in grooves made to
receive it. To protect it from the weather it is covered in, sufficient space being
left between the end of the cover and the edge of the rail to permit an arm hanging
from the locomotive and also from the guard's van to pass without obstruction.
The arm rocks as on a centre pin, the lower end hanging down, the upper part
connected to an alarum, which on the engine may be the steam whistle, in the
guard's van a gong or bell; the sounding of either would indicate to the attendant
the approach of danger, and the breaks could be applied at once without loss of
valuable time.
The action of the apparatus would be as follows:-The signalman in his cabin
pulls over the lever in the usual way to indicate danger. In doing so the before-
mentioned rod proceeding from the signal post thrusts out from under its cover
the block or check close up to the line of rail controlled by that signal, con-
sequently the arms hanging from the engine and guard's van cannot pass the spot
[Price 2d1

page_text: without first striking the block; this by any ordinary mechanical means causes the
upper arm to sound the alarum.
The shape of the block in cross section may be such as to reduce the shock when
the arm strikes it, and a small wheel at the end of the said arm may also be
provided to facilitate the completion of the end in view.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUNK AND BOX FASTENINGS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Leonard and Charles Phillips
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1876.
CHARLES LEONARD and CHARLES PHILLIPS, both of the City of Worcester, Manu-
facturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUNK AND BOX FASTENINGS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a fastening for the lids of travelling
trunks and other boxes in combination with the ordinary lock, which shall be alike
simple in action and secure in character.
Our Invention consists substantially in providing a sliding bolt or bolts working
inside the front part of the lid and taking into suitable loops provided. The said
bolt or bolts are actuated by a stud or studs which is or are caused to take therein,
and which are attached to and form part of the circular part of the hasp, this being
so contrived as to be allowed to revolve upon the front part of the lid to which it
is attached. The said hasp is hinged or jointed just below its said circular part,
but the staple which is attached to the lower part of the inside plate cannot be
made to shut down and take into the lock with which the box is fitted unless in a
direct line with it, and it cannot assume this position unless the bolt or bolts in the
inside of the lid are previously secured. Thus this double fastening gives great
security to any box to which it may be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SANITARY PAILS OR VESSELS FOR THE TRANSPORT OF SOIL, EXCRETA, OR OTHER NOXIOUS MATTER."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leverett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1876.
JOHN LEVERETT, of No. 7, Blackfriars Street, Leicester, in the County of
Leicester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SANITARY PAILS OR VESSELS FOR THE TRANSPORT
OF SOIL, EXCRETA, OR OTHER NOXIOUS MATTER."
Sanitary pails or vessels for the transport of soil, excreta, and other noxious matter
are usually made of cylindrical form and covered by removeable lids; but these lids
being loosely and roughly fitted do not close the vessel tightly and consequently
unpleasant and unwholesome effluvia escape from the contents particularly when they
are shaken by being transported from one place to another, as from a closet in a
house to a cart in the street, and during the passage of the cart along the street.
My Invention relates to the construction of such vessels and means of closing
them so that offensive odours may be prevented from issuing from them when they
are moved from place to place. For this purpose I construct the lid with two
projecting lips or flanges, one of larger and the other of smaller diameter than the
lip of the pail, and between those two flanges I fix a ring of caoutchouc or other
yielding material suitable for packing. On the sides of the pail I fix two rings or
eyes through which as bearings I pass the rounded ends of a bar that extends across
the lid. This bar is made with a swell or projecting angular portion in its middle
part and a lever handle standing at right angles to it. When the lid is put on the
pail the bar is placed across it with its ends engaged in the two eyes or rings. The
bar being then by means of the lever handle turned about one quarter round its
swell or angular portion is caused to bear down upon the lid, the packing of which
being thus pressed firmly down on the edge of the pail makes a closure air tight or
nearly so, preventing the escape of effluvia from the pail. The packing ring instead
of being fixed in the lid may be fixed in an annular recess at the upper edge of the
pail, the lid being made with a lip to be pressed down thereupon. Also, instead of
a cross bar for fastening down the lid, as I have described above, two or more
turnbuckles or hinged latches may be mounted on or jointed to the pail, such turn-
buckles or latches being made with sloping faces so that when they are turned or
folded over the edge of the lid they wedge it down and so cause the lip to press
firmly against the packing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING AND CLARIFY- ING SEWAGE OR OTHER IMPURE WATERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Millar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1876.
JAMES MILLAR, of Sherburn, near South Milford, in the County of York,
Sanitary Inspector. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF TREATING AND CLARIFY-
ING SEWAGE OR OTHER IMPURE WATERS,"
My Invention is particularly applicable for clarifying impure or discoloured
waters from mills or factories, but may be used also for clarifying other waters,
preventing thereby the pollution or discolouration of streams.
pass the impure or discoloured water into a receiver of any required size. I
arrange in succession a number of tanks; the sides of all the tanks are perforated
so that the sewage or other impure waters may pass from one to the other. I fill
the tanks alternately with gravel and sand, and lime and sand mixed, that is to
say, the tank next to the receiver is filled with a mixture of sand and gravel, the
next tank is filled with quicklime and sand mixed, and so on in succession, the
number of which may be varied.
The sewage or impure waters pass from the receiver through the various tanks,
which has the effect of separating from the waters the impure or foreign matter,
and the water so purified may be passed into the stream without polluting it.
The sand, gravel, and lime may be readily changed at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1876.
WILLIAM YOUNG, of Clippens, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Oil
Works Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING
GAS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of illuminating gas,
and consists as follows:-
First. In producing or inducing the decomposition or destructive distillation of
the coal, shale, hydrocarbon oil, or other substance used for the production of gas by
causing a rapid agitation or circulation of the volatile products inside the retort or
other distilling or decomposing vessel, either by means of mechanical pistons, or by
the agency of jets of compressed gas, steam, or vapour, with the object of bringing
about a more regular and equal decomposition into permanent gas of the elements of
the coal or other substance, and in some cases in increasing the volume of gases by
the decomposition of steam or vapours employed to produce the current, and also
by blending, or combining, or carburetting the gases injected (to produce the
currents) whilst in rapid agitation or circulation in contact with the products of
decomposition.
Second. In improved means or methods of producing a rapid separation of those
condensible hydrocarbons from the crude gases which it is desirable to remove in
the liquid form, and at the same time retaining in the gases the vapours of the
hydrocarbons, which are valuable for imparting to the gas a high illuminating
power. This is accomplished by causing the gas to pass through narrow passages
kept heated, these passages being preferably of a tortuous nature, causing the gas
to impinge or flow alternately from side to side, or by causing the crude gases to
impinge in narrow or minute streams against heated surfaces or alternately the crude
gases themselves may be first highly heated, and then passed through narrow
passages, or impinged against surfaces whilst in this heated state.
PROVEMENTS IN WINDING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Muir at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1876.
WILLIAM MUIR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN WINDING MACHINES."
"IM-
This Invention which relates to improvements in winding machines has for its
object to avoid the employment of pirns as at present adopted for holding the yarns
which are used in the shuttles of looms for weaving, and to enable winding
machines to wind the yarns into a solidly or firmly built cap on a thin tube of
paper, wood, or other material, thereby rendering it capable to employ a much
greater length of yarn in the shuttles than with the pirns at present employed.
It is to be understood that the spinning of yarns on to tubes in the form of a
cop forms not part of this Invention, but essentially consists in appliances adapted
to winding machines by which the yarns after being dyed or not are wound either
from the hank, bobbin or crude cop into a finished cop for the shuttle.
The Invention then consists in arranging on the rail through which the upper
parts of the spindles pass two or more inverted cones over each spindle at a distance
apart equal to the diameter of the cop to be produced. These cones are carried on
vertical studs on which they are free to revolve, and as the yarn is built up upon
the tube carried by the spindle the weight by which the spindle is pressed upwards
presses the cop as it is being wound against the cones, so that the cop is firmily and
tightly wound or compacted. The travel or laying on motion or finger is recipro-
cated within the space occupied by the length of the cones, and as the spindle
during the winding operation is always being lowered the lower part or bottom of
the cop is wound of the desired rounded form.
In place of using revolving cones, as herein-before described, fixed conical or
inclined surfaces, or the equivalent thereof, may be substituted for them.
The improvements constituting this Invention may be applied for winding cops
on to vertical, inclined, or horizontal spindles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING, STAMPING, CUTTING, OR PERFORATING PAPER WITH NUMBERS, LETTERS, OR SIGNS, EITHER SERIATIM OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hodgson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1876.
JAMES HODGSON, of Queenhithe, in the County of Middlesex, Envelope Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING, STAMPING, CUTTING, OR PERFORATING
PAPER WITH NUMBERS, LETTERS, OR SIGNS, EITHER SERIATIM OR OTHERWISE."
The apparatus consists of an ordinary stamping press, the piston of which is to be
fitted with a dabber or pad, made of suitable material, to act as a buffer to the
cutting tools next to be described. Conveniently arranged under the said dabber or
pad is a system of metal cutting tools or devices to readily bring into action and
arrange which is one of the objects of the Invention.
One mode of arrangement consists in employing any required number of parallel
metal bars, grooved and tongued into each other, and placed horizontally, on the
surface of each of which the devices are formed in the shape of punches. The
relative positions of the bars can be changed to form any given combination of de-
vices, either by hand with the use of a scale, or automatically by keys, levers, or
other convenient mechanical means; or in lieu of parallel bars, wheels or cams may
be substituted and used in combination or not in combination therewith.
The apparatus is worked by placing the paper or other material to be punched on
or over the devices on the parallel bars, and a piece of card or other material is
interposed between the paper and the dabber of the press, the handle of which
being actuated causes the device to be cleanly cut out from the paper or material
acted on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CONDENSATION OF STEAM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Remfry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1876.
JOHN EDWARD REMFRY, of 5, Fancy Lane, in the Town of Calcutta, in the East
Indies. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF CONDENSATION OF STEAM."
The object of my Invention (which Invention I confine to steam engines worked
with a vacuum produced by condensation) is to condense without injection water
(for the purpose of creating as good a vacuum as is obtained in "injection
"surface" condensation engines) the steam which passes through the engine for the
working thereof.
" or in
A sufficient quantity of metallic surfaces in the form of vessels, channels, or
pipes of any convenient form, arrangement, or construction are fitted up, having
communication at one side with the waste steam pipe, and having a delivery pipe
at the other; this is known as Hall's condenser. Around this condenser I join by
suitable connections a chamber made of cast iron, sufficiently strong to withstand
the pressure of the atmosphere. This chamber I fill either with sulphuric ether or
liquefied ammoniacal gas, and as the process with both these liquids is nearly
identical, and the machine in which ether is employed sufficiently illustrates the
principal, I will describe the operation:-The above mentioned chamber filled with
ether is connected to a pump with suitable valves by which the vapour is drawn
off as fast as it is formed. The ether now boils and abstracts heat from the
condenser tubes. On the return stroke of the piston the ether vapour is ejected
from the cylinder and forced into a tubular condenser at a pressure about that of
the atmosphere by which its temperature is so much raised that it may be condensed
by water."
Another method of performing the above object (condensation) is as follows:-I
have a cylinder and piston attached by a pipe to the aforesaid chamber, air being
admitted below the piston. If the piston be now forced down the air becomes
heated by compression. I now inject a stream of water into the cylinder which
abstracts the heat so developed and diminishes the back pressure. A communica-
tion being now opened between the cylinder and the said chamber the air passes
out through a Stirling's regenerator where it parts with the remaining heat and
expands around the tubes of the condenser, abstracts heat, and reduces the steam
within to water, which is then passed by pumps back into the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR COUN- TERACTING THE MOVEMENT OF SHIPS, AND APPLICABLE TO CABINS, SALOONS, BERTHS, OR OTHER FURNITURE OR PARTS OF SHIPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alexander Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1876.
JAMES ALEXANDER WALKER, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR COUN-
TERACTING THE MOVEMENT OF SHIPS, AND APPLICABLE TO CABINS, SALOONS, BERTHS,
OR OTHER FURNITURE OR PARTS OF SHIPS."
According to this Invention I support the cabin, saloon, berth, or other furniture
or part of a vessel in such a way as to be at liberty to retain its level_position
during the pitching and rolling motions of the vessel. For this purpose I fit, say,
the under side of a berth at each end with one or, by preference, two circular
sweeps or quadrants" (though not necessarily forming a fourth of a circle, but any
other required portion of a circle); these quadrants are struck from one common
centre. On each "quadrant" a carriage or block is made to slide, and each such
carriage or block is again made to slide on a "quadrant" placed transversely to the
first-named quadrant or quadrants, and fastened to a bed plate or fixed part of the
vessel. One quadrant or set of quadrants serves to counteract the rolling motion,
and the other similarly the pitching motion of the vessel; or each of the blocks or
carriages may be formed with a quadrant placed transversely to the first-named
quadrants, and free to slide in a corresponding bracket, which is fastened to the afore-
said bed plate or fixed part of the vessel; or instead of working on quadrant supports
underneath, one or more berths may be suspended from and working in similar
appliances overhead. Lubricators or other suitable appliances are provided where
required, in order to ensure the even movement of the working parts. Rollers may
be provided at the rubbing surfaces to diminish the friction if required. Counter-
weights fixed or adjustable may be applied as required, and by preference at or near the
lower middle part of the berth or other structure for the more efficient working thereof.
When applied to saloons and cabins instead of the aforesaid quadrants one entire.
sweep or portion of a circle may be applied, having its supporting carriages or
chairs at or near the centre beneath the floor, in addition to the aforesaid carriages
at or near the ends.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th September 1876. A communi-
cation from abroad by Alexis Philippe Roussel and Paul Désiré Peltier, both of
Paris, France
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention relates to an improved arangement of mechanism for producing
motive power, consisting of a fly wheel with sliding weights on its spokes, combined
with an eccentric cam for moving the weights in and out between the centre and
circumference of the wheel
The motor consists of an ordinary fly wheel keyed upon a shaft mounted to
rotate in bearings The spokes or arms of the wheel are made preferably
cylindrical or of other uniform section throughout their length, and upon each is
fitted a sliding weight provided with a pin running in a stationary eccentric cam
groove placed in a parallel plane to the fly wheel On the rotation of the wheel
the cam causes the sliding weights in one half of the wheel to move away from the
centre towards the circumference, and those in the other half to move from the
circumference to the centre in such manner as to constantly displace the centre of
gravity of the wheel and keep it in motion.
The improved motor of this Invention is illustrated by way of example in the
accompanying Diawing, a, fly wheel keyed on shaft 6 mounted in bearings c, c;
g, pulley, fast on shaft b for transmitting the motion obtained, d, weights sliding
on arms e of fly wheel; f, oval cam fixed parallel to the fly wheel, and eccentrically
thereto, as shown, by which the traverse of the weights in and out on arms e is
effected.
The pins or studs on the weights which engage in the cam groove may be
provided with antifriction rollers, and the cam may be replaced by a circular rail,
to which each of the weights would be connected by a pivoted fork, or a simple
oval ring, eccentric to the fly wheel may be employed, the inner surface of which
would serve to return the weights to the centre of the wheel, while their outward

page_text: motion would be produced by the centrifugal force created by the rotation of the
wheel.
In the Drawing the cam f is shown towards the right-hand side of the wheel,
which will consequently move only in the direction indicated by the arrow h, but I
reserve the right of adopting an arrangement by which the position of the cam 5
circular or oval ring fmay be readily altered from right to left, or vice versa, so as
to produce motion in either direction at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIC APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1876. A communication from
abroad by Charles Coppin Hearle, of Montreal, Canada.
CHARLES BARLOW, of 23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PNEUMATIC APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE,
AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention has reference to portable apparatus discharging a jet or stream of
water or other fluid for the purpose of extinguishing fire, watering gardens,
cleansing glass structures, or any work requiring water or other fluid to be supplied
under pressure, the apparatus being constructed and worked in the following
manner: I construct a light but strong case of iron, copper, or other suitable metal
or material, of such a size and shape as to be easily carried on a man's back by
shoulder straps attached to the casing; within and extending across the casing is a
diaphragm for the purpose of dividing the casing into two chambers, upper and
lower; the upper one being an air chamber and the lower and larger one being the
water chamber; passing through the diaphragm is a bent pipe connecting the two
chambers, and having a cock or valve inserted in its length for shutting off the
communication; the cock is worked by a rod and handle passing through to the
outside of the casing; an air vent and tap are inserted in the casing for the
admission of air when required to charge the machine; at the lower part of the
water chanıber is fixed a water tap attached inside to a short length of pipe
passing to the bottom of the chamber.
The outer end of the tap is furnished with a screwed end to receive a hose pipe,
and at the end of the hose pipe a branch pipe and nozzle is attached by a screwed
coupling.
When required for use the apparatus is filled and worked in the following
manner: The air vent is opened and the whole apparatus allowed to fill; the air
tap is then closed, the branch pipe is taken off, and the hose connected with a force
pump or with town water supply pipe if there is sufficient pressure; the water is
then allowed to flow into the water chamber, compressing the air and forcing much
of it through the connecting pipe into the upper chamber; the water tap and the
tap in connecting pipe are then both closed, and the apparatus is ready for work.

page_text: The nozzle is fixed on the hose and pointed at the object, the tap in connecting
pipe and the water tap are then opened, the water rushing through and out of the
hose.
When the water chamber is nearly empty the water tap may be quickly closed
and attached to the water supply pipe as before for re-filling without admitting 5
fresh air, and the apparatus is ready for work as before.
AN IMPROVED SEAT
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Everett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1876.
CHARLES HENRY EVERETT, of No. 37, Douglas Place, Queen's Road, Bayswater,
Builder and Decorator. "AN IMPROVED SEAT."
The object of my Invention is to provide a seat which may be fitted to a shop
counter or wherever it is required that the seat should form no obstruction when
not in use.
I propose to construct my improved seat of a standard or upright of wood or of
metal carrying a bracket or arm, upon the end of which I place a plate or disc of
wood or of metal forming the seat properly so called.
I propose to fit the lower extremity of the standard into a socket, which I screw
or otherwise fasten to the floor, the upper end of this upright being let into the
counter itself or other available support.
I propose to form the bottom of the standard with a shoulder cut to an incline
which will rest upon a corresponding incline raised upon the socket, both shoulders
being provided with stops.
When the seat is not required it will stand beneath the counter, table, or article
to which it is fitted; when required it will be simply pulled out, the standard
pivoting upon its socket, and directly the person seated rises the weight of the seat
and bracket will cause the standard to pivot on its socket and pass again beneath
the counter so that it will form no obstruction.
I now give preference to pivoting the seat by its own weight, but I may find it
desirable to effect this movement by the aid of a spring or springs.
A bracket or arm at a right angle to the standard might be used, but I find that
by curving the arm I bring a seat of any shape into a position which will enable a
person to sit with comfort facing a counter, table, or other article.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN GAS LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ambrose McEvoy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1876.
CHARLES AMBROSE MCEVOY, of 4, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesox. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN GAS LIGHTING APPARATUS.”
This Invention has for its object to construct taps used for turning gas on and
off from gas burners in such manner that each time the tap is turned on to supply
gas to a burner the gas issuing from the burner shall be immediately ignited.
For this purpose I combine with the tap handle an electrical contact maker in such
manner that each time the handle of the tap is taken hold of by the hand and
turned to turn on the gas an electrical connection shall be established between two
wires leading from the opposite poles of a battery, and an electrical current thereby
caused to pass through a platinum wire or other igniting fuse above the burner, and
thereby ignite the issuing jet of gas. The metallic pipe by which gas is supplied to
the burner may itself serve as one of the conducting wires from the battery, whilst
an insulated wire is employed for the other. By this means each time that gas is
turned on to a burner the gas is at once ignited; and so soon as the tap handle is
relieved from the pressure of the fingers upon it the current of electricity ceases to
pass, so that the wire or other fuse employed is only in action at the time required
for lighting the gas. It will also be impossible for the gas to be turned on without
its being ignited; so soon also as the gas commences to issue from the burner it
will be at once ignited, without allowing of any escape of unburnt gas into a
room.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben Hambling and George Bowles
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th February 1876.
REUBEN HAMBLING and GEORGE BOWLES, both of Brighton, in the County of
Sussex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention consists essentially in forming the soles of roller skates divided
crosswise and jointed or pivotted at such divided parts to enable one part of the
sole to be capable of moving horizontally sideways by which the rollers (which may
be of the ordinary kind two in front and two behind) are enabled to move in a
curved direction when required without canting or rocking the solo to effect that
object as is now practised in the construction of some roller skates to enable them
to move in a curved direction.
The aforesaid divided parts of the sole may be maintained in a line with each
other when the skate is required to move in a straight line by means of springs onc
at each side of the sole at the divided parts thereof. When moving in a curved
direction one or other of the aforesaid springs is intended to yield to enable the
front part of the sole to move to that side at which it is desired to perform the
curved movement.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MEASURING CORN, SEEDS, PEAS, AND OTHER DRY SUB- STANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Henderson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st May 1876.
DAVID HENDERSON, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester. "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MEASURING CORN, SEEDS, PEAS, AND OTHER DRY SUB-
STANCES."
My Invention relates to measuring corn, seeds, peas, beans, powders, flours, teas,
and other like dry substances, or substances in a granulated or powdered form.
My machine is constructed as follows:-At the bottom of a hopper or feeder to
which the substance to be measured, say corn, is supplied, I fit a drawer or slide
without a bottom. This drawer has a moveable back fixed to a top piece behind
it, the said back and top being fitted with a screw, by means of which the distance
of the back from the front of the drawer can be regulated so that the drawer can
be made to hold any given quantity. The drawer is free to be moved out and in
between guides upon a fixed bed or bottom by means of a handle or by a lever
or otherwise. At the bottom of the hopper and above the drawer is a roller
mounted in spring bearings to prevent friction, and to allow large substances to be
easily and quickly passed through.
The action is as follows:-The machine having been gauged to the desired
quantity by adjusting the moveable back of the drawer by means of its screw the
drawer is pushed under the hopper and becomes filled therefrom with the corn or
other substance, the drawer is then pulled forward beyond the fixed bed or bottom
and discharges the corn which it contains into a spout or shoot placed for the
purpose, and thence into a bag or receptacle. During this movement the top
piece attached to the moveable back forms a bottom to the hopper and prevents any
corn escaping therefrom. The drawer is then returned into its position under the
hopper, receives a similar quantity of corn, which is discharged into the shoot at
the next forward movement, and so on. Stops suitably placed limit the forward
and backward movements of the drawer.
Where the corn or other substance is sold by measure my machine will measure
it accurately.
Where the substance is sold by weight my machine can be adjusted to deliver
given measured quantities of the weight required.

page_text: Instead of having the back of the drawer adjustable according to the capacity
required, as herein-before described, I sometimes employ separate measures, one
or other of which, as the case may be, is placed in the drawer and is then secured
by a sliding block and screw; grooves or guides may be used to facilitate the fitting
of the measures in place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO INDICATE WHETHER IRON DOORS OR SHUTTERS IN A BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE ARE OPEN OR SHUT."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY HORE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Fire
Insurance Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO INDICATE WHETHER IRON
DOORS OR SHUTTERS IN A BUILDING OR OTHER STRUCTURE ARE OPEN OR SHUT."
The object of my Invention is to afford increased security to owners of property
and insurance companies against the extension of fire owing to iron doors and
shutters not being closed at night time, such doors and shutters being extensively
introduced into factories, and in warehouses, and other places of business for the
purpose of preventing the extension of fire, and being useless for that purpose unless
they are shut at night.
In applying my Invention I place outside a building near the doorway, or in
some other convenient place, a box containing a signalling apparatus similar to that
commonly used in hotels to indicato to waiters the number of the room from which
there is a call. The wire that connects this apparatus to the battery that works it
is made to travel round to all the doors or shutters which it is intended to put in
connection with the signalling apparatus. There is a break in the wire at each
door or shutter when the door or shutter is open, but the act of shutting the door
or shutter causes a spring to be pressed which brings into metallic contact the ends
of the wire where such break occurs. There is also a break in the wire in or near
the aforesaid box outside the building, and metallic connection across this break is
established by the pressing of an exposed knob or by the turning of a lever. Thus
if all the doors or windows in connection with the signalling apparatus are shut the
pressing of the exposed knob or the turning of the lever aforesaid will complete the
electric circuit, cause the electricity to flow, and the required signal to be given by
the signalling apparatus either by the ringing of a bell or the exhibition of a signal
through a clear piece of glass in the box. If the pressing of the knob or the turning
of the aforesaid lever is not followed by the expected signal it will indicate that the
doors or shutters are not all shut.
Each door or shutter may have a distinct signalling apparatus in connection with
it, or any number of doors and shutters may be connected with one signalling
apparatus.

page_text: If required the actual bolting or locking of a door may be made necessary before
the completion of the electric circuit would be possible, Thus all interested,
including the police, would be able to see whether the nien whose duty it was to
shut iron doors and shutters had performed or neglected their duty.
A similar apparatus can be applied to ships that are built in water-tight com- 5
partments to indicate when all the doors in the bulkheads are closed.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PREPARING OR CUTTING SUET AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1876.
"A
HENRY BAKER, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester, Gentleman.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PREPARING OR CUTTING SUET AND OTHER
PURPOSES."
I first provide a suitable frame which may be of cast-iron and which is provided
on its upper side with a hopper of the required size, and is so constructed on its
lower side that it can readily be fixed to a table or bench by an ordinary cramp
and screw.
I next provide a circular cutter which is then fitted upon a shaft and is caused
to revolve (by means of a handle on the outer end of the said shaft) in such
manner that half of the said circular cutter is within the said hopper, which is
provided with knives fitted in slots provided within the said circular cutters, and
it will be understood that these knives may be set at any desired angle. On the
other or further side of the said circular cutter I provide upon a frame fitted within
the said hopper a suitable number of knives, these being secured in a vertical
position. Immediately in front of the said circular cutter is a guide which is for
the purpose of preventing the machine from becoming clogged by reason of too
much suet getting within the knives which are fixed in the circular cutter.
The action of my improved machine is as follows:-The suet or other substance
required to be cut or prepared being thrown into the hopper the circular cutter
is made to revolve by means of the handle, and the suet now coming into contact
with the knives in the circular cutter is cut off in thin particles, and from the
form or angle at which the said knives are set the suet is drawn through the slots
provided in the said circular cutter, and in this manner it is made to pass through
the vertical knives and is by them cross cut and so made ready for use.
AN IMPROVED CALL BELL, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER BELLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Henry Baxter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1876.
EDWIN HENRY BAXTER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brass
Founder. "AN IMPROVED CALL BELL, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER BELLS."
I construct my improved bell which may be applied to call and other similar
bells in the usual manner, except that on its inner side is cast a nug or projection
of the required size against which the hammer is caused to strike, as herein-after
explained.
The pillar which carries the bell of a call bell constructed according to my
Invention is formed of a tube, within which a rocking shaft is fitted and works in a
vertical direction; to this shaft I attach at its lower end, and at right angles
thereto a lever or finger piece which works through a slot cut in the before men-
tioned pillar. At the upper end of the said shaft I provide a second lever, also at
right angles to the said shaft and attached thereto, and this is also allowed to work
through a slot in the said pillar for the purpose of carrying the hammer, and this
is so constructed that when actuated by means of the said rocking shaft and finger
piece (being forced back and then suddenly released) strikes, the said nug on the
inside of the bell.
The rocking shaft is held in its normal position by a suitable spring, which is by
preference helical in shape.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1876.
A communication from Mr. Maximilian Drossbach, residing at Altstadt, near
Trautenau, in the Empire of Austria.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of "I. Brandt and
G. W. v. Nawrocki," of Berlin, Prussia, Engineers and Patent Agents. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE PREPARATION OF FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER
SIMILAR MATERIALS,"
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for the preparation
of flax, hemp, jute, and other similar materials, which improvements relate also to
the drawing and doubling frames and other similar mechanical arrangeinents.
Such improvements consist in the construction of an improved carrying and
downward pressure mechanism for the upper delivery rollers or drums, by the use
of which improved construction the number of the strands of flax, hemp, or jute
can be increased, and also other advantages obtained over the present system.
Instead of the ordinary arrangement of two movable bearings by which the upper
drawing drum is carried and then pressed down by a lever connected with the
drum shaft, by this improved construction only one single mechanism for downward
pressure is employed, and by this means the upper drawing drum can be readily
changed at the same time that the time of the stoppage of the machine is materially
lessened.
The improved mechanism for carrying and imparting downward pressure to the
upper drawing drum consists in employing a combination of several different levers,
whereby the necessary weight requisite for effecting the downward pressure is
reduced to a minimum, whilst at the same time it allows of the train of flax, hemp,
or jute working in a most perfect manner, and in addition the drawing drums being
constructed of wood have an easier movement and permit of the train being twice
or thrice as long than is now ordinarily the case.
The improved arrangement is as follows:-An upper and lower drawing drum
are provided having suitable bearings, and on the shaft of the former rests a lever
revolving on a second shaft. This lever is so arranged as to allow of its being
fitted with two drums if preferred. One end of a connecting rod passes through the
D71

page_text: end of the before-mentioned lever, whilst the other end of such connecting rod is
attached to a second lever, such. second-lever being also in connection with a third
and fourth lever, such third lever having a suitable shifting weight attached thereto
in any convenient manner.
A thumbscrew serves to regulate the length of the connecting rod, whilst a
suitable upright rising above the first-mentioned shaft of the upper drawing drum
carries the guard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Price and William Harris at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1876.
CHARLES PRICE, of 16, Pitt Street, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, and
WILLIAM HARRIS, of the Firm of William Moore & Grey, of 43, Old Bond
Street, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-
ARMS."
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in breech-loading fire-arms, and
applies more especially to double-barrel fowling pieces, where the barrels are
mounted on an axis in such manner that their breech ends may be raised above the
breech plate for the insertion and withdrawal of the cartridges.
Instead of employing locks of the ordinary construction we arrange two sliding
rods to slide in passages formed on the under side of the tang, or in a block or frame
affixed thereto. Around each slider a spring is coiled, and it tends to throw the
slider forward. The slider is restrained by a sear, the nose of which takes into a
bent formed near its rear end; when the scar is acted on by the trigger the slider is
propelled forward by the spring and a head with which it is provided comes in
contact with a piston or striker, which causes it to explode the priming of the
central-fire cartridge.
When the breeches are opened for reloading the same lever which draws back
the bolt by which the barrels are secured also forces back the sliders above men-
tioned until they are again caught by the scars. The sliders are locked when
required by means of a pin passing transversely through the tang or through the
block in which the sliders work, and encroaching on one side on the passage in
which they are contained. The pin has notches formed in it which permit the
sliders to work freely in one position of the locking pin, but if when the sliders are
retained by the sears the pin be turned partly round (by means of a suitable thumb
piece with which it is provided) then the side of the pin engages with notches in
the sides of the sliders, and holds them so that any accidental pressure on the
triggers or concussion cannot cause the gun to go off. We prefer so to form the
locking pin and the notches in the sliders that when the pin is turned to lock the
sliders it forces them back a short distance and relieves the noses of the sears from
the pressure of the springs; or this safety locking may be effected by a stud on the
slider and a corresponding cam on the cross pin.
In place of using coiled springs blade or other springs may be used.
Similar arrangements are also applicable to single-barrel guns.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING LOCKING TILES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ravenscroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th June 1876.
FREDERICK RAVENSCROFT, of North Road, Cobridge, in the County of Stafford,
Potters' Foreman. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING LOCKING
TILES."
Encaustic tiles (or quarries as they are called) are made of dust or plastic clay
which is placed in a mould or box made of iron or other metal or wood and
stamped or made in a press by hand. The bottom plate of this mould or box
(called also a "plunger") forms the reverse of the tile or quarry and has usually
some small raised squares upon its surface. It is with these portions of the
machinery used in the manufacture of such tiles or quarries that this Invention
deals. The patern or shape of the instrument or part of the machinery to make
the undercut or other grooves in the tile is cast or made in steel or some other
metal in the form of one or more slides fitted to work in slats or grooves cut in
the bottom plate and through the sides of the box or mould of any size and shape
which may be desired. One or more slides are used as may be requisite for the
size of the tile, and the size of the slide or slides varies with the size of the bottom
plate. The slides are fitted in the slots or grooves so as to slide through the sides
or one side of the mould or box and partially or wholly across the surface of the
bottom plate or plunger, and when in position in the mould and plate help to keep
each other fixed in their proper positions to receive the dust or plastic clay. The
pattern or shape of the undercut or other grooves to be made in the tile is in straight
or curved lines of any shape, length, and depth of cutting required. Before the tile
is to be stamped or made the slides are inserted by being pushed or drawn through
the sides of the mould into the bottom plate and when in position they project above
the surface of the bottom plate about 11th of an inch or any depth sufficient for
the purpose of making a correct undercut or other shaped groove desired. The
tile is then made or stamped in the usual way. The slides are next withdrawn
and the tile taken out of its mould in the ordinary manner. The slides are inserted
and withdrawn by a lever to which they are attached and which is worked by
the operator, by steam, or other mechanical power.