IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORATING AND EMBOSSING PAPER AND SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, SAMUEL PEARCE WILDING, of the firm of Fell and Wilding, of 23 Rood
Lane, in the City. of London, do hereby.declare the nature of the Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PERFORATING AND
EMBOSSING PAPER AND SIMILAR FABRICS, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The said Invention relates to an improved method of and apparatus for the
purpose of perforating patterns through and embossing paper, woven fabrics, or
other similar material, in imitation of lace, embroidery &c.
In order that the said Invention may be the better understood, I now proceed to
describe the same with regard to the Drawings hereunto annexed, reference being
had to the letters and figures marked thereon.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 show respectively a cross section, side elevation, and plan of
the machine.
Figure 4 shows a detail of the roller.
-
The said Invention is carried out in the following manner. The strip of material.
to be treated is thinly covered with talc or other similar material to decrease
adhesion, and is introduced between the hard steel roller a on which is engraved in
sharp edged relief the pattern to be produced and the roller b covered with a layer
made of any soft metal or soft metal composition, and which is as smooth as
possible. Both rollers are pressed against one another with considerable pressure,
in consequence of which the edges of the engraved roller a press into the strip and
cut out perforations corresponding to the engraving.
The pattern thus produced however would not answer the requirements of
decorative pattern, as it would not have the requisite sharpness nor the relief
which gives the peculiar appearance to the lace and embroidery. In order to
perfect the pattern in this respect a third roller c is arranged beside the engraved
roller a, the covering of which third roller is made of plastic material of great
resisting capability, for instance of compressed paper, so that when both rollers are
pressed with considerable pressure against one another, the recessed parts on the

page_text: engraved portion of the roller a appear on the roller o in relief, and thus the
rollers a and c correspond to one another in reversed relief.
The strip after passing through the pair of rollers a, b is led through the rollers a c,
receiving through the latter an embossed impression on the parts which have not
been cut out, thus imparting the appearance desired.
As the cutting edges of the roller a, while cutting out the pattern, press into the
soft surface of the roller b in the manner aforesaid, the latter would be rendered
useless after a few rotations, if means were not provided to smooth the surface after
leaving the roller a. For this purpose a fourth roller d is provided, made of as
hard a metal as possible, such as steel or brass, and with a very smooth surface,
which, pressed with great pressure against the roller b, smooths its surface by
pressing down the raised parts. The smoothing effect of the roller d is further
reinforced by the scraper or knife m, which presses on the periphery of the soft
roller b and removes particles of paper, fabric, fibre, or protuding metal. Further,
in order to prevent the impressions produced by each revolution on the roller b
always occurring at the same places, which would render it a matter of difficulty
to keep the roller smooth, I construct it of a different diameter to that of the
engraved roller a. This different diameter may be larger or smaller, but the former
is preferable, inasmuch as the surface över which impressions are spread will be
increased.
The mutual pressure of the rollers a and c may be effected in any convenient
manner, but it is advisable to insert a fifth roller e, which is so arranged in a frame
beside the roller c that it presses the latter against the roller a.
The bearings of the roller bare rigidly fixed in the framing of the machine,
while those of the rollers a, c, e rest in a frame, the position of which in the frame
of the machine is adjustable vertically by means of screws, so that the roller a
may be pressed against the roller b with the necessary force for the perforating of
the pattern.
Within the frame, the bearings of the roller a and e are adjustable in their
position relatively to c, to produce the necessary pressure for the embossing of the
pattern.
The necessary constant pressure of the smoothing roller b is effected by mounting
the bearings of the former upon an arrangement of jointed levers h, i, h¹, which
convey the effect of a weight placed at their extremity P. In this way the pressure
is rendered constant and the wear of the roller b is compensated.
Figure 1 shows on the left the knife or scraper m arranged to remove paper
snips, fibres and protuding particles of metal, and under the roller c a roller brush u¹
serves to clear the roller o of adhering scraps of paper, threads &c. To clean the
strip of material which has been operated upon, a second brush roller u³ is provided
beyond the leading or guiding rollers ff.
The roller d, the rotation of which is effected by means of cogwheels from the
main shaft of the machine, rotates the roller a by intermediate gearing, the latter
again rotating the roller c by cogwheels. The rollers b and e have no special
rotative mechanism, and the rotation is effected by surface friction from the
neighbouring rollers.
Where the machine is to operate upon several strips at once, and it is desirable
that the pattern should be easily altered, it is preferable to make the roller & as an
axle on which rings or sleeves a', (Fig. 3) upon which are engraved patterns to be
produced, can be slid. These rings a are held in place by means of nuts t, screwed
on the screw threaded end of the axle. In the same manner the roller c may be
made of an axis bearing rings or sleeves c: These latter consist (Fig. 4) of a boss
with two flanges, one of which is formed in one piece with the boss, the other being
screwed on.
These flanges hold the plastic material into which the engraving of
the corresponding ring or sleeve a presses.
The pressure of the roller e is communicated to the roller c by means of annular
flanges el pressing the axle of the drum c' (Fig. 3);

page_text: Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner it is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is-In the
process and machine as described, producing perforated and embossed patterus on
paper, woven fabrics or similar material by means of roller pressure:―
1st. The production of the intended perforation by feeding the strips to be
treated; firstly between engraved hard roller a and soft smooth roller b, then
between the roller a and the roller c covered with a sleeve of plastic material so as
to cut out the pattern and emboss the same in one run of the strip, substantially as
set forth.
2nd. The arrangement to effect the pressure of the smoothing roller d in order
to remove the unevenness of the roller b against the latter by means of a weighted
lever combination h, i h¹ P to maintain a constant smoothing pressure and
compensate the wear of the roller substantially as set forth.
3rd. The arrangement giving the soft roller b a smaller or larger diameter than
the engraved roller a to prevent the impression on the surface of the former
occurring always at the same place, substantially as set forth.
4th. The construction of the roller a, consisting of an axle and sleeves or rings a'
sliding thereupon to allow the easy alteration of the patterns to be produced,
substantially as set forth in Figures 2 and 3.
5th. The construction of the roller c of an axis and rings or sleeves c¹ sliding
thereupon as shown in Figure 4 consisting of a boss with two flanges substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
6th. The construction of a pressing roller e of the roller body and annular
flanges e' fastened adjustable thereupon constantly pressing the axle of the drum c
substantially as set forth.
Dated this 21st day of V. 100.1
FELL & WILDING,
Agents for the Applicant.