An Improved Arrangement of Apparatus for Expressing Oil from Oil-yielding Vegetable Substances, and Converting the Residue into Oil Cake.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 15th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Apr.,
1887.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Arrangement of Apparatus for Expressing Oil from
Oil-yielding Vegetable Substances, and Converting the Residue
into Oil Cake.
We HERBERT LAMBERT, Engineer of 4 Regent Terrace, Leeds, and GEORGE
GREENWOOD, Machinist, of 8 Beech Grove Terrace, Leeds, both of the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a compact arrangement of mechanism for
extracting oil from Linseed, Cotton seed, Copra, and other oil-yielding vegetable
substances, and the conversion of the residue into oil cake.
To this end we preferably provide a bed plate of cast iron of suitable size to carry
the boiler, the engine, and the apparatus for preparing the material for the oil press.-
up from
The boiler for supplying steam to the engine, and to the heating kettle, stands
the bed plate, and close to it. is mounted a horizontal engine. This engine serves to
drive a crank shaft from which the motive power required in carrying out the
operations of extracting the oil and forming the cake is distributed.
Set close adjacent to the engine is a roller mill for crushing the linseed or other
material, and delivering it into an open kettle situated immediately below the rollers.—
The heating kettle and roller mill are carried by four uprights or columns having
brackets on them at a suitable height from the floor. to receive the kettle. The
columns support an entablature, to which are bolted the two side frames of the
roller inill.
The mill is fitted preferably with four rollers, set one above the other, and
immediately above them is fitted a hopper which feeds the seed automatically to the
rollers. The rollers are geared together, and are provided with guide plates for
leading the meal produced by the crushing pressure of the first and second rollers, to
the bite of the second and third rollers, and again, from these rollers to the bite of the
third and fourth rollers.
The material fed from the hopper having passed under the action of all the rollers,
falls into the kettle below, to be heated, preparatory to its being subjected to hydraulic
pressure. This kettle is jacketted to receive steam from the boiler, and an opening is
made in the bottom of the kettle for discharging the contents thereof, which opening
is closed by a sliding door.-In the kettle is fitted a rotating stirrer, which, when the
door is opened, discharges the heated meal into a receptacle below. Rotary motion is
transmitted to this stirrer by a bevil wheel on its axle taking into a bevil wheel keyed
onto a second horizontal shaft, which is mounted parallel to, and is in gear with the
crank shaft before mentioned. The rollers are driven directly from a belt, wbich

page_text: passes over a pulley on the crank shaft, and over a pulley on the axle of the lowermost
roller. It is from one of the upper roller axles that the power for driving the feed
roller of the hopper is taken. The receptacle for the hot meal is moved into position
to receive the meal by the attendant, and when thus advanced, it forces back the
sliding door, and takes its place under the kettle.-As the receptacle is withdrawn, the
sliding door is restored to its normal position. The receptacle, which is simply a
rectangular frame, is free to slide on the table which carries it, and is set on a level
with an adjacent mould. This mould is hinged to the columns of a condensing press,
which is intended to consolidate the hot meal previously to its undergoing hydraulic
pressure. The mould overlies a woollen press cloth, which is placed upon a steel plate
laid upon a supporting table.-The opening of the mould corresponds with the size of
oil cake intended to be made, and is longer, but shallower, than the receptacle which
supplies the meal thereto.-When the meal is properly distributed onto the wrapper,
the hinged mould is thrown back on its hinge, and the ends of the wrapper are laid
over the meal so as to enclose it.-The attendant then, by means of the underlying
plate, slides the package into the adjacent consolidating press, the rising plunger or
piston of which, rapidly carries up the package of meal into contact with the cross
head, thereby compressing it sufficiently to permit of its being handled, and placed
between the plates of the hydraulic press.
For extracting the oil, a pair of hydraulic presses is provided, which presses work
alternately on a pile of say 12 packages of consolidated meal. Each press is provided
with a set of die plates linked together, and suspended between the cross head of the
press and the plunger, and serving to receive each a package of meal. Surrounding
the plunger is a rectangular trough with a discharge pipe, and into this trough, the
oil expressed from the meal falls, it being led off to a tank divided transversely into
three compartments.
The hydraulic presses are worked by a pair of force pumps, which are set in action
by a crank shaft geared to the second shaft before mentioned.-The oil passing into
the first compartment, will accumulate, until it overflows into the second compartment,
and in this it will accumulate until it flows over into the third compartment. An
overflow pipe will then lead off the oil to a suitable receiver.-In this way, the oil will
be caused to part with the greater portion of the sedimentary matters which it
contained.
The cakes having been subjected to hydraulic pressure, are removed from the press,
and to prepare them for the market, they are subjected to a trimming or shaping
process. For this purpose a reciprocating knife is used working through a slot
formed in a paring table. The attendant takes the cakes, and presents their ragged
edges to this knife, which squares the cake, finishing its edges with a slightly rounded
surface. The parings, as they fall from the knife, are received into a trough fitted
with an archimedian screw, which, by its rotation, delivers them into a reducing mill
intended to prepare the waste, which still contains oil, for further treatment. The
reciprocating knife, fulcrummed on the base plate, is worked by a rod connecting it
with the crank pin of a bevil wheel carried by a stud axle. This bevil wheel receives
its motion from a bevil pinion actuated from a fourth shaft mounted parallel to the
main crank shaft, and receiving its motion therefrom through a driving belt and
pullies. The archimedean screw, and also the shaft of the reducing mill, are likewise
driven from the fourth shaft, spur gearing being provided for the purpose.
This compact arrangement of mechanism will be found specially suitable to the
requirements of Land owners, Manufacturers, and others using or dealing in oil or oil-
cake in the Colonies and India, as it will enable them, with the assistance of but one 5
attendant, to crush all the seed of a moderate sized holding, and render the product
immediately available for the market.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Arrangement of Apparatus for Expressing Oil from
Oil-yielding Vegetable Substances, and Converting the Residue
into Oil Cake.
We HERBERT LAMBERT Engineer of 4 Regent Terrace Leeds and GEORGE GREEN-
WOOD Machinist of 8 Beech Grove Terrace Leeds both in the County of York do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a compact and portable arrangement of
mechanism for extracting Oil from Linseed Cotton seed copra and other oil-yielding
vegetable substances and the conversion of the residue into oil cake.
To this end we preferably provide a bed of cast iron of suitable size to carry the
boiler the engine and the apparatus for preparing the material for the oil press and we
are thus enabled not only to set up the apparatus in any desired place without the
cost of special fittings but also to transmit the motive power employed at certain
determinate rates of speed to suit the capacities of the parts working automatically and
carried by the bed.
In the accompanying Drawings:
Fig. 1 shows in front elevation our improved arrangement of machinery for
expressing oil from linseed and other seeds and compressing the solid matters into
cakes.
The engine and boiler, the crushing rolls and the kettle, the consolidating or moulding
press and the force pumps for the oil extracting press being mounted on one and the
same cast iron bed and the oil extracting press and the cake parer having each their
own cast iron beds, but all worked from the same source of power.
Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the relative positions of the several parts of the
arrangement.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation, the engine and boiler and the paring machine being in
the front of the figure.
A is the cast iron bed to which are bolted the boiler B the engine C adjacent thereto
the rectangular frame carrying the crushing mill D and also the kettle E the
consolidating or moulding press F and the force pumps G.
A¹ is the cast iron base of the oil extracting press Ĥ and A² is the cast iron base of
the paring machine I and reducing mill K.
The rectangular frame for carrying the crushing mill and kettle is composed of four
columns connected together at top by an entablature to which the crushing mill is
bolted.
Below this entablature the columns are fitted with brackets to receive the kettle.
The boiler B it will be seen for supplying steam to the engine and to the heating
kettle stands up from the bed plate and close to it is mounted the engine C. This
engine serves to drive a crank shaft C¹ the bearings of which are supported in the
framing of the engine and in a short pedestal bolted to the bed A.

page_text: On the inner end of the shaft C is keyed a spur pinion 1 which gears into a spur
wheel 2 carried by a horizontal shaft E. The bearings of this shaft are carried by
transverse pieces bolted to the columns of the rectangular frame.
Keyed to this shaft E¹ is a second spur pinion 3 which gears into a spur wheel 4
keyed to the crank shaft G¹ of the force pumps, the bearings of this crank shaft G¹
rest in the standards of the force pump and on the outer end of this crank shaft is
mounted a crank plate 5 for operating an elevating pump G* the use of which will be
hereafter referred to.
D is a four-roller mill for crushing the linseed or other material and it is so situate
with respect to the kettle as to deliver the meal as it is formed into the open kettle E.
The rollers of the mill D are set one above the other and immediately above them is
fitted a hopper D¹ which feeds the seed automatically to the rollers. The rollers are
geared together and receive their motion from a belt pulley 6 keyed to the shaft C.
The belt from this pulley passes to a pulley 7 keyed on the axle of the lowermost
roller of the mill.
The mill is provided with the customary guide plates for leading the meal produced
by the crushing pressure of the first and second rollers to the bite of the second and
third rollers and again from these rollers to the bite of the third and fourth rollers.
The material fed from the hopper having passed under the action of all the rollers
falls into the kettle below to be heated preparatory to its being subjected to hydraulic
pressure. This kettle is jacketted as shown in the sectional plan and elevation of the
detached kettle at Figures 4 and 5 to receive steam from the boiler Band an opening e
is made in the bottom of the kettle for discharging the contents thereof which opening
is closed by a sliding door e'.
This door e is carried by a pair of parallel bars e² which slide in guides, formed in a
casting e bolted to the bottom of the steam jacket.
In the kettle is fitted a rotating stirrer E2 which when the door e¹ is opened
discharges the heated meal into a receptacle F¹ below.
This receptacle consists of a rectangular frame of a size and depth sufficient to
receive a quantity of hot meal equal to the formation of one cake.
The receptacle is supported by a plate e underlying the kettle and secured thereto
by four pendent holts; its use is to transfer to the mould of the consolidating press
the meal which it receives from the kettle.
Rotary motion is transmitted to this stirrer by.a bevil wheel. 8 on its axle taking
into a bevil wheel 9 keyed onto the horizontal shaft E'. It is from one of the upper
roller axles that the power for driving the feed roller of the hopper is taken. The
receptacle F1 for the hot meal is moved into position to receive the meal by the
attendant and as it is advanced it forces back the sliding door e¹ and takes its place
under the kettle.
To provide for this and also for the back movement of the sliding door being
effected by the return motion of the receptacle or frame Fthe following contrivance
is adopted.
The guide bars e carrying the door. e' are slotted (see the detached views Figures 6
and 7) to receive a pair of T-headed tumblers the heads of which slide in.contact
with the top. of the guides in the casting e³ a distance equal to the width of the door.
Beyond this point the upper part of the guides is wanting (see Fig. 6) and the heads of
the tumblers being free, their tails will under the continued forward pressure of the
receptacle or frame tip and eventually drop by their own weight within the frame.
急
As the receptacle is withdrawn from under the kettle the sliding door will by
reason of the back pressure put on the tumblers be restored to its normal position.
The receptacle or rectangular frame sliding. back on the table, et eventually releases
itself from the tumblers e the act of doing which is indicated at Fig. 6.
The plate e see Fig..8 is set on a level with a mould fihinged to the columns (of the
condensing press F which is intended to consolidate the hot meal previously to jits
undergoing hydraulic pressure. The mould overlies a woollen press cloth which is
placed upon a steel plate laid upon a supporting table carried by brackets on the
framing of the condensing press. The construction of this-plate f¹ is clearly shown

page_text: in the detached views Figs. S. It is represented as fitted with two side pieces which
roughly gauge the width and thickness of the cake to be formed for the hydraulic
press and also with one end piece. The opening of the mould corresponds with the
size of oil cake intended to be made and is longer but shallower than the receptacle
which supplies the meal thereto. When the meal is properly distributed onto the
wrapper overlying the plate as indicated by the dotted lines in Figs. 8 the
mould is thrown back on its hinge and the ends of the wrapper are laid over
the loose meal so as to enclose it. The attendant then by means of the underlying
plate slides the package into the adjacent consolidating press F to receive com-
pression. This press, which may be of any ordinary construction is provided with a
follower F2 which is preferably worked by hydraulic pressure.
The rising follower rapidly carries up the package of meal into contact with the
cross head, thereby compressing it sufficiently to permit of its being handled and
placed between the plates of the hydraulic press.
For extracting the oil a pair of hydraulic presses H of any approved construction is
provided which presses work alternately on a pile of say 12 packages of consolidated
meal. Each press is provided with a set of die plates hh linked together and suspended
between the cross head of the press and the follower H' and serving to receive each a
package of meal. Surrounding the follower, is a rectangular trough with a
discharge pipe, and into this trough, the oil expressed from the meal falls, it being
led off to a tank H2 scc Figures 2 and 3 situate below the press. This tank is
divided tranversely into three compartments.
The hydraulic presses are worked by a pair of force pumps G. G. which are set in
action by the crank shaft G¹ driven in the manner before mentioned. The oil flowing
from the press H passing into the first compartment, of the tank I will accumulate,
until it overflows into the second compartiment, and in this it will accumulate until
it flows over into the third compartment. An overflow pipe will then lead off the
oil to a suitable receiver H³, situated at a lower level than the tank H. In this way
the oil will be caused to part with the greater portion of the sedimentary matters
which it contained.
The cakes having been subjected to hydraulic pressure, are removed from the press
and to prepare them for the market they are submitted to a trimming or shaping
process on the paring table I.
The construction of the paring machine is clearly shewn on an enlarged scale in
plan view at Fig. 9 and in transverse sectional elevation at Fig. 10.
In these Figures i. is a reciprocating knife carried by a sliding block travelling
in guides formed for it in one side of a U shaped trough intended to receive the
parings.
This trough is cast with, and forms part of the paring table I, to which the cakes
are severally brought, on their removal from the press H.
The knife i is formed with a gauge shaped cutting edge to enable it to round off the
edges of the cakes. Its block is linked to a radius arm which has its fulcrum
below the base line of the machine.
The attendant takes the cakes, and presents their ragged edges in turn to this knife
which squares the cake and finishes its edges as described. The parings, as they fall
from the knife, are received into the U shaped trough which is fitted with an archi-
median screw. This screw by its rotation, delivers the parings into the reducing
mill K which is intended to prepare the waste, still charged with oil, for further
treatment.
The construction of the reducing mill is clearly shewn on an enlarged scale at
Figures 11 and 12 Fig. 11 being an end elevation, and Fig. 12 a sectional plan of
the same.
It consists simply of a pair of fluted rollers k. k. driven by a belt from a pulley 10
on the crank shaft C which belt passes over a pulley 11, keyed to a shaft I' from which
the motions for the paring machine are derived.
The parings from the trough, are received, into a hopper which delivers them into
the bite of the rollers k. by which they are reconverted into meal.

page_text: This meal, on leaving the rollers falls into a suitable receptacle whence it is removed
from time to time and returned to the kettle E.
In place of using this reducing mill the reduction of the parings may be effected in
the Ushaped trough by rotating blades and fixed cutters as indicated at Figures 9
and 10.
The radius arm 2 to which the reciprocating knife i. is connected is worked by a
rod connecting it with the crank pin of a bevil wheel 12. mounted on a stud axle
carried on the base of the paring machine. This bevil wheel receives its motion from
a bevil pinion 13. keyed to the shaft I¹.
From a pulley 14. on a shaft 12 geared to the shaft I¹ a belt passes over and under
pulleys on the roller axles k. k. thence over a pulley 15. keyed to the archimedian screw
and back to the pulley 14.
The relative speed therefore of the archimedian screw and the rollers will remain
constant.
The pump G* draws by means of a pipe g. the oil from the reservoir H³ and discharges
it into barrels or other receptacles as the work of extracting the oil from the seed is
proceeding.
The above described compact arrangement of portable mechanism will be found
specially suitable to the requirements of Land Owners, Manufacturers and others
using or dealing in oil or oil cake in the Colonies and India as it will enable them with
the assistance of but one attendant to crush all the seed of a moderate sized holding,
and render the product immediately available for the market.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is :-
The arrangement of apparatus for expressing oil from oil yicilding vegetable substances
and converting the residue into oil cake as described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.