Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Pulp for Paper Making.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1893-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1893
Improvements in or connected with the Manufacture of Pulp for
Paper Making.
I, JAMES PORTEUS CORNETT, of Claxheugh, near Sunderland in the County of
Durham, Paper Mill Manager do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in or connected with the manufacture of
pulp for paper-making.
In the ordinary treatment of esparto straw and similar fibres for the manufacture
of paper such material after being willowed or dusted and boiled is usually washed
and broken up in the "Hollander" form of engine consisting of a roll running in a
vat or oblong tub and the action of such roll or engine is to break up cut or beat
the mass indiscriminately into a pulp of more or less uniform consistency and it
will be evident that in such a process all roots weeds and similar noxious materials
are at the same time broken up and thoroughly commixed with the other fibres.
Such a pulp is then afterwards bleached and then in the press-pâte process it is
passed through screens or knotters to remove the impurities, such impurities con-
sisting of the roots weeds and noxious materials aforesaid which having been broken
up as above described obviously renders their subsequent extraction impossible or
at least a matter of great difficulty. Moreover it will be observed that a
percentage of bleach is uselessly spent in bleaching materials which have thereafter
to be extracted.
By my invention I have designed a machine which shall effectively perform the
operations of breaking up the required esparto straw and similar paper making fibres
without materially reducing the roots weeds and similar noxious materials the
result of which is that the roots and weeds can be easily extracted by knottering
before bleaching because they practically remain in their original unbroken state or
condition and it will also be observed that by this improved process no bleach is
wasted on these useless materials.
To produce this much-desired effect I have as aforesaid designed a special
machine which I shall now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which
Figure 1 shows a general side elevational view Figure 2 being a horizontal
sectional plan view of the same and Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view but in
the latter the position of the inner cone hereinafter described is shown turned
through one-eighth of a revolution for the better clucidation of the construction
and in the following description like marks of reference designate like parts.
Referring to the drawings it will be observed that the machine consists of an outer
fixed or stationary conical cylinder a and an inner open-ended rotary conical cylinder a¹
mounted on a shaft a. Both ends of the outer cone are closed with cover-pieces a³
through which the shaft a² is carried saddle bearings 4 being provided to form
bearings for the shafting at each end; P is a pulley on the shaft which can be
driven by belting or otherwise; 5 is an inlet or feeding hopper for water and the
esparto straw or other similar fibrous material after it has been boiled; 6 is an
outlet from the conical cylinders to a trough or vessel 7 which is furnished with an
overflow outlet which is kept at a sufficient height to maintain a constant body
of water or aqueous pulp within the conical cylinders.
The bodies of the conical cylinders may be constructed in any suitable manner :
the particular construction is immaterial and in the drawings they are shown
constructed of longitudinal iron bars 9 transverse hoops 10 and wooden linings 11.
The outer conical cylinder is furnished on its inside with (as shown in the drawings)

page_text: four rows of fixed teeth 12 and the inner conical cylinder is similarly furnished on
its outside with (as shown in the drawings) four rows of teeth 12ª the teeth being
so arranged that when the inner cone is revolved its teeth shall pass or rotate
between the teeth on the outer cone.
The operation of the machine is as follows: The boiled esparto or other fibre is
fed into the machine at the hopper 5 aforesaid together or in conjunction with a
large volume of water or spent liquor from the bleaching and other processes and
as the inner cone rotates the required paper-making fibres are broken up or reduced
within the cones but the roots and weeds and other like impurities remain unbroken
or comparatively uninjured. The broken up paper-making fibres and the unreduced
roots and weeds pass out through outlet pipe 6 to the trough 7. The whole mass
is then screened through knotters which readily retain the roots and weeds in their
entirety and in this manner the paper-making fibres are cleaned and purified before
being finally cut up or beaten in the "Hollander" or bleaching engine.
The pulp is consequently improved and more thoroughly cleaned for its subsequent
treatment than has hitherto been the case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The improvement in the manufacture of pulp for paper making consisting in
the construction or combination of an outer fixed conical cylinder with an inner
rotary conical cylinder both of these cones being fitted with teeth so that when the
fibrous material from the pulp-boilers is introduced in conjunction with a large
volume of water or spent liquors at the feeding hopper the paper-making fibres
shall be materially reduced within the machine without materially reducing the roots
weeds and similar noxious materials mixed therewith prior to the automatic exit of
the mass through the pipe 6 to the trough 7 substantially as and for the purpose
herein set forth.
2. The combination of an outer stationary conical cylinder with an inner rotary
conical cylinder both of the cylinders being provided with reducing teeth and with
means for the ingress and egress of the boiled fibre from the pulp boilers in
conjunction with water or spent liquors the several parts being arranged and
adapted to operate substantially as and for the purpose herein described and
illustrated.
Dated this 21st day of July 1802
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
3, St. Nicholas Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent.