IMPROVEMENTS IN TENONTING MACHINES FOR CUTTING WOOD
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Mansfield Lloyd, of South Lambeth,
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENONTING MACHINES
FOR CUTTING WOOD."
Sealed the 7th May 1872, and dated the 15th November 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Mansfield
Lloyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th November 1871.
I, CHARLES MANSFIELD LLOYD, of South Lambeth, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENONTING
MACHINES FOR CUTTING WOOD," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the use of saws for cutting tenions for
joiners' work and similar purposes, and the manner of arranging or
securing them on the shaft, and also the structure and arrangement of
the machinery for working the saws.

page_text: Four saws are commonly used, which are attached to two horizontal
shafts, two saws on each shaft. The shafts are placed one above the
other in the machine, and the top shaft is made to adjust up and down
by working on a bracket capable of being elevated or lowered by means
of a screw and gear wheels, or in any other equivalent manner for
regulating the saws to cut different sized tenons.
The material to be tenioned is placed on a table constructed for
adjusting up and down for regulating the size of tenon. The top of this
table is provided with a sliding piece, which may be worked by hand or
machinery, or partly by hand and partly by machinery, for presenting
the material to the saws.
The particular novelty of my Invention is the manner of attaching
the saws to the shaft for making them cut over the surface of the tenon.
A saw of ordinary thickness for its diameter is used, but instead of
placing it to run true on the shaft it is attached to run zig-zag, so that
the circumference of the saw or saws may be set to cut over a width of
surface 3 inches more or less; the saws are attached to the shaft by a
system of transverse beveled collars, and secured to the shaft by a key
or keys and screw nuts. The bevel of the collars are made to regulate
the extent of the zig-zag circular motion required of the saw.
The machine will be so constructed that it will readily admit of
adjusting the saws to suit any thickness of tenon, and practically without
the loss of time, and the saws may be sharpened on the shaft without
removing them.
I don't confine myself to the use of any particular number of saws,
one, two, or more saws may be used on each shaft, and for cutting short
tenons one saw on each shaft will be sufficient, but in all cases the same
number of saws should be used on each shaft at the same time.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, Her
special licence that I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Mans-
field Lloyd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENONING MACHINES FOR CUTTING WOOD," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner.
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-

page_text: fixed so will their proportionate traverse for cutting the tenon be
regulated.
In order to explain the Invention fully I annex the accompanying
Drawing, which shews an elevation of the machine partly in section.
.
a, a, are standards, which are secured to a foundation plate (not
shewn). b, c, are the upper and lower shafts set in gun metal journals d,
the shafts being actuated by pullies and bands in the ordinary manner,
but rotating at a very great speed, varying according to the quality of
wood to be cut. These shafts carry the four circular saws e, f, g, h, set
in diagonal grooves, in the collars i, i, their angles being equal, although
in reversed directions; the lower shaft c being in section, the arrange-
ment of fixing the saws is clearly shewn, the key or feather o in dotted
lines şerving to keep the collars and knives in a firm position. Provision
is made for removing the collars and saws, and for substituting others
as required, by means of screw nuts j, j, whereby the distance between
the saws may be changed, the intermediate washers k, k, or others
maintaining such intervening space between them. So also according
to the position of the tenon, or its extent of surface, the saws may be
brought outwards along their shafts by changing the positions of the
nuts j, j, and 1, 1, in order to form the shoulder further from the edge
of the wood or timber.
Although two saws are shewn on each shaft, more may be used; the
shafts may be made longer to extend further over the faces of the work,
or one saw only may be used on each shaft when short tenons are
required, in which case the two marked f and h would be employed,
but of course the same number of saws must be applied to each shaft
to cut exactly the same space on each side of the work. The depth of
tenon is easily regulated by shifting the position of the upper shaft 6 by
the screw gear m, which needs no detail or description.
Then as to the feed of the work :-n is a bracket, capable of sliding
vertically in suitable guides or bearings, its elevation being regulated
by the endless screw p; this bracket carries the transverse sliding
table 9, in the bed of which the wood r is set and adjusted to the saws
exactly as desired, fixed by any means, the bed and table being made
to travel in the bracket by manual or other power used in travelling
motions, the table working in guides in the bracket as shewn. Now,
let the part of the wood be the tenon supposed to have been cut by

page_text: the saws e, f, g, h, then the saw e will have cut from the point e¹, to the
point, and the saw f will have cut from f¹ to the shoulder of the
tenon; the teeth of the respective saws thus having travelled longi-
tudinally along the tenon from those points exactly in accordance with
the diagonals.
The Invention will thus be perfectly clear, of course the wood passes
through the saws with rapidity, and any length of tenon is cut with
unerring accuracy, and of any description required in tenons. The
sharpening of the saws may be effected while they are on the shafts,
and the elevation or lowering of the bracket will be regulated in
accordance with the dimensions of the timber and the relative positions
of the saws.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I do not limit myself to
the precise details of the machine, as they may easily be varied without
affecting the essence of the Invention, but what I claim is the method
of forming or cutting tenons in wood by means of circular saws set
diagonally on shafts, and the method of adjusting, and fixing, and
regulating the positions, distances, and angles of such saws, in accord-
ance with the work required, substantially as herein specified and
shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Mansfield Lloyd, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
CHARLES MANSFIELD LLOYD.
(L.S.)
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.