Improvements in Apparatus for Loading and Discharging Cargo..
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 19th May, 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Loading and Discharging Cargo..
I, GEORGE TYZACK, of Dean Street, South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its objects the expeditious loading and discharging of cargo
from ships or similar vessels by an apparatus which is automatic in its operations
from the time the load is lifted from the hold, from a lighter, or from trucks on
the shore, to the proper elevation, when it is traversed athwart ship to the
hatchway to the lighter or to the trucks or vice versa by the automatic action of the
load itself controlled by tackle with the working of which sailors, wharfingers, or
stevedores are familiar; such apparatus being adapted to load or discharge from
one or both sides of the ship simultaneously or separately as may be required, and
may be arranged to load or discharge from both ends of the same hatchway in
large ships where great despatch is important.
I will describe my invention in that form in which loading or discharging on
either side of the ship is to be effected.
The apparatus consists in this case of an ordinary boom pivotted on a mast or
equivalent pillar and projecting diagonally to the required distance beyond the side
to plumb the centre of the lighter or trucks, and this boom is rigidly guyed in
position to some convenient point on the ship.
""
From the end of the boom a guide rope is stretched perfectly tight and rigid,
and secured to a suitable shackle amidship, suspended from the mast or other
convenient point. Upon this guide rope runs freely a "monkey-traveller" round a
sheave on which the cargo 66
runner passes down to a hook to attach to the load
and proceeds round leading blocks to the winch. The "monkey-traveller" is
controlled by a whip line passing round a sheave, and thence through leading
blocks to the winch, so as not only to retain the load at the proper elevation when
traversing athwart ship inboard or outboard, but also to bring the "monkey-
traveller" with the cargo " runner "back to the proper position when light, the
load having been delivered:
"
66
"
"
"
"",
The action is as follows:- When loading cargo the load having been hoisted to
the proper level from the lighter or truck by the action of the winch, the "monkey-
traveller"
runs automatically inboard on the guide rope by the weight of the load,
the "whip-line" being "payed out" and the load is retained at the proper height
by the cargo " runner
being gathered in on the winch till the load plumbs the
hatchway when the cargo runner is "payed out on the winch to lower the
load into the hatchway. When discharging cargo the cargo "runner is " rove
over the sheave in the "monkey-traveller" from the opposite side and leads over
the sheave previously used, when loading, for the "whip-line" and so to the winch,
and the "whip-line" is shackled to the opposite end of the "traveller" and passes
round the sheave and guide blocks previously used for the cargo runner." The
load having been hoisted to the proper level the "monkey-traveller" runs outboard
with the load and the cargo "runner" being gathered in at the winch the weight
is retained at the proper height till the load plumbs the lighter or truck when the
cargo "runner" is "payed out" on the winch to lower the load. In either loading
or discharging the "monkey-traveller" is traversed inboard or outboard when
light by the "whip-line" being operated either by hand or winch.
66

page_text: It will be obvious that the "monkey-traveller" with or without the load may be
arrested at any desirable intermediate point between the suspended shackle and
the end of the boom, so as to enable cargo to be lifted from or deposited at any
such point, as for instance in cases where cargo has to be weighed, examined, or
sorted.
When fitted to a ship in which, cargo is required to be loaded or discharged over
both sides there will be another boom fitted on the opposite side of ship, the guide
rope being stretched from it to the suspended shackle at centre of ship and fitted
with gear the exact counterpart of that already described.
When more than two sets of gear are required to load or discharge from both
ends of hatchway, four booms may be applied, two to each end of the hatchway,
when loading or discharging from both sides of the ship, and the extra two booms
may either be pivotted to the next mast or, when the masts are too far apart, to a
"
stump-mast or pillar fixed and stayed at a position suitable to the hatchway.
If required a double purchase cargo "runner
may be used in connection with
66
this gear.
Though I have described my invention as fitted for loading and discharging
ships, it is applicable in modified forms to many other purposes where loads are
required to be safely and quickly raised, traversed, and lowered.
Dated August 23rd 1895.
T. J. DANSON, F.I.P.A.,
Per T. Richardson,
Agent for Applicant.
I, GEORGE TYZACK, of Dean Street, South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
My invention has for its objects the expeditious loading and discharging of
cargo from ships or similar vessels by an apparatus which is automatic in its
operations from the time the load is lifted from the hold, from a lighter, or from
trucks on the shore, to the proper elevation, when it is traversed athwart ship to
the hatchway, to the lighter or to the trucks, or vice versa, by the automatic action
of the load itself, controlled by tackle with the working of which sailors,
wharfingers, or stevedores are familiar; such apparatus being adapted to load or
discharge from one or both sides of the ship simultaneously or separately as may
be required, and may be arranged to load or discharge from both ends of the same
hatchway in large ships where great despatch is important.
I will describe my invention in that form in which loading or discharging on
either side of the ship is to be effected.
The apparatus consists in this case of an ordinary boom pivotted on a mast or
equivalent pillar and projecting diagonally to the required distance beyond the side
to plumb the centre of the lighter or trucks, and this boom is rigidly guyed in
position to some convenient point on the ship.
"
From the end of the boom a guide rope is stretched perfectly tight and rigid,
and secured to a suitable shackle amidship, suspended from the mast or other
convenient point. Upon this guide rope runs freely a "monkey-traveller," round
a sheave on which the cargo "
runner passes down to a hook to attach to the load
and proceeds round leading blocks to the winch. The "monkey-traveller" is
controlled by a whip-line" passing round a sheave, and thence through leading
blocks to the winch, so as not only to retain the load at the proper elevation when

page_text: "
traversing athwartship "inboard
traveller" with the cargo ❝ runner
load having been delivered.
دو
66
or
outboard," but also to bring the "monkey-
"back to the proper position when light, the
"
"
"
The action is as follows:-When loading cargo the load, having been hoisted to
the proper level from the lighter or truck by the action of the winch, the "monkey-
traveller " runs automatically "inboard on the guide rope by the weight of the
load, the "whip-line" being "payed out" and the load is retained at the proper
height by the cargo "runner being gathered in on the winch till the load plumbs
the hatchway when the cargo runner" is "payed out on the winch to lower the
load into the hatchway. When discharging cargo the cargo " runner" is "rove
over the sheave in the "monkey-traveller" from the opposite side and leads over
the sheave previously used, when loading, for the "whip-line" and so to the winch,
and the "whip-line" is shackled to the opposite end of the "traveller" and passes
round the sheave and guide blocks previously used for the cargo
66 runner.' The
load having been hoisted to the proper level the "monkey-traveller" runs outboard
with the load and the cargo "runner," being gathered in at the winch, the weight
is retained at the proper height till the load plumbs the lighter or truck, when the
cargo "runner" is "payed out" on the winch to lower the load. In either loading
or discharging the "monkey-traveller" is traversed "inboard" or "outboard
when light by the "whip-line" being operated either by hand or winch.
"
"
"
It will be obvious that the "monkey-traveller," with or without the load, may
be arrested at any desirable intermediate point between the suspended shackle and
the end of the boom, so as to enable cargo to be lifted from or deposited at any
such point, as for instance in cases where cargo has to be weighed, examined, or
Borted.
When fitted to a ship in which cargo is required to be loaded or discharged over
both sides, there will be another boom fitted on the opposite side of ship, the guide
rope being stretched from it to the suspended shackle at centre of ship, and fitted
with gear the exact counterpart of that already described.
When more than two sets of gear are required to load or discharge from both
ends of hatchway, four booms may be applied, two to each end of the hatchway,
when loading or discharging from both sides of the ship, and the extra two booms
may either be pivotted to the next mast or, when the masts are too far apart, to a
"
stump-mast or pillar fixed and stayed at a position suitable to the hatchway.
If required a double purchase cargo
66 runner may be used in connection with
66
this gear.
Though I have described my invention as fitted for loading and discharging
ships, it is applicable in modified forms to many other purposes where loads are
required to be safely and quickly raised, traversed, and lowered.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying 2 sheets of drawings, I illustrate my invention in two
forms in which it may be carried into practical application, though modifications
may be made as to details and the combination of parts.
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, shew in thwartship elevation and plan, the apparatus
worked from one diagonal boom pivotted to a mast or other pillar with one guide
rope to the boom to work over one side of the ship only. In these Figs. 1 and 2
the inner end of the guide rope from the diagonal boom is attached to a shackle
suspended from the mast and stayed by guys to the deck.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew the apparatus in elevation and plan with two booms to work
over both sides of ship. The apparatus as shewn on the above sheets (Figs. 1, 2, 3,
and 4) may be worked with two guide ropes to each boom, fixed at such distance
apart as to allow of two sets of gear being worked simultaneously upon each boon
to the same hatchway.
The same letters refer to the same or equivalent parts on all the figs. where
such parts are shewn.

page_text: Referring to Sheet 1, Figs. 1 and 2, A. is the mast to which is pivotted the
boom B. projecting diagonally over the ship's side; C. is the guide rope; p. the
"monkey
or travelling block in which is the sheave E., round which passes the
cargo "runner" rope or chain F. indicated by dotted lines, thus
G. is the "whip-line " indicated by dotted lines, thus
controlling
the traveller D. in its traverse along the guide rope, so as to maintain the load at
the proper height from deck.
H, H, H, and H³ are respectively guy-stays, viz., H. from the outer end of
boom to the ship; H₁ suspending the outer end of boom from the mast;
H2 suspending the shackle S. to which is attached the midship end of the guide
rope; and H for staying the shackle to the deck. All these guy-stays will
preferably be fitted with bracing blocks and tackle for adjustment.
66
""
"
The apparatus is here shewn discharging cargo on to a quay or wharf above the
level of the ship's deck, the boom B. and guide C. inclining upward to illustrate
the automatic traversing of the load by its own weight upon a rising gradient, the
cargo runner
rope or chain F. passing over the sheave E. in the traveller D. so
that the weight of the load L. causes it to traverse "outboard controlled by the
"whip-line "G. The cargo "runner
rope or chain passes from the winch W.
through leading blocks f. to the end of the boom, and returns through the block f
to the traveller D. passing over the sheave E. and down to the load L, which is
shewn in position for being lowered over the ship's side. The "whip-line" G.
passes from a "bollard" on the winch W. through leading blocks g. and g¹ to one
end of the "monkey-traveller " D. where it is attached. During the passage of
the load along the guide rope C. from the hatchway to the position shewn, it has
been maintained at a proper height above the deck by "heaving" in the cargo
" runner"
rope or chain F. on the winch barrel or "bollard," and at the same time
paying out the whip liue G. on the winch "bollard " so as to regulate the
monkey" travelling block on the guide rope, and when the load is delivered the
traveller D. is brought back "inboard by "heaving" in the "whip-line" on
the "bollard," the cargo "runner being simultaneously adjusted by the same
action till it is over the hatchway, ready to be lowered by "paying" out from the
winch barrel or "bollard."
66
"
"
"
65
"
Figs. 3 and 4, Sheet 2, shew the apparatus adapted to load or discharge from
both sides of the ship, simultaneously or separately, the booms B. B. being disposed
to suit working from or to a lighter on one side, and from or to a railway truck on
wharf at the other. The gear is here shewn as for loading, the cargo runner
ropes or chains F. F. passing from the winch or winches (of which there may be
two) through the leading blocks before used, when discharging, for the "whip-
line," now marked . and f', and over the sheaves E. E. in the travellers D. D. the
opposite way, so as to cause the weight of the loads L. L. to automatically bring
the travellers "inboard," controlled by the "whip-lines" G. G., which now pass
through the leading blocks before used, when discharging, for the cargo
ropes or chains, now marked 9. and 9', the operating of which and of the "whip-
line at the winch being the same as described for discharging. The booms on
either side can be raised to the required extent to suit the height of the ship
relatively to the wharf, by shortening the guy stays H. by means of the blocks and
""
tackle.
❝ runner
In this arrangement the guide ropes G. are each stretched from the boom ends
to the shackle S. amidships, suspended from the mast, and stayed by the guys H
On all the figs. the directions in which the "cargo-runner "F. and the "whip-
line" G. are moving, in discharging or loading, are indicated by arrows
"
Where winches are already on board for other purposes in convenient positions,
I propose to utilise the winch barrels or their warping "bollards on the ends of
the winch axles, or otherwise to fit special "bollards" with suitable driving gear.
either band or power-adapted in number and position to the requirements of the
apparatus in its various applications, to secure a convenient lead for the cargo
runner ropes or chains and the "whip-lines" of each set. of gear, and these
66
"

page_text: ropes or chains may be worked from the winch barrel, or may be manipulated by
turns taken on the "bollards" and tightened or slackened by hand (as in the case-
of the "whip-lines") as "heaving "in or "paying " out is to be effected.
"
It is obvious that the "monkey or travelling block, with or without the load,.
may be arrested at any required intermediate point between the ends of the guide
ropes, so as to enable cargo to be deposited at or lifted from any such point, as for
instance in cases where cargo has to be weighed, examined, or sorted.
If required a double purchase may be applied to the cargo "runner" next the
load with this apparatus in any of the methods of working described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manuer the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
دو
66
"
Apparatus consisting of booms having one or more guides rigidly stretched
athwartship, each carrying a travelling block running automatically "inboard" or
"outboard" by the weight of the load, suspended by the cargo runner passing
over a sheave in the travelling block in reverse directions which is controlled by a
"whip-line," the cargo
+6 runner and whip-line" being operated by hand or
power, separately or together, so as to raise the load, traverse it "out-board"
inboard," maintaining it at proper height above deck, lower it at any required
point, and bring back the light block and cargo runner to the required position.
for attaching a fresh load.
Dated this 19th day of May 1896.
66
or-
T. J. DANSON, F. Inst. P.A.,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Agent for Applicant..