Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines
I, CHARLES EMILE CALLOCH, Constructor, of La Fleche, (Sarthe), in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention has for its object to construct a motor with one cylinder and
two pistons that shall be perfectly balanced both as regards its motion and the
impulsive forces.
The motor is composed of a single cylinder open at its both ends, in which work
two pistons, the front piston being directly connected to the crank in the middle
of the driving-shaft, by means of a connecting-rod and the second piston being
also directly connected by means of a forked-shaped connecting-rod to two side
and opposite cranks on the driving-shaft, thus effecting the balance of the
movement.
The forked connecting-rod passes outside the cylinder and has a central projec-
tion that is jointed to the second or back piston. The projecting central part of
this connecting-rod is always in the same straight line as the two arms of the fork
that are connecting to the side cranks of the motor-shaft.
On the top of the cylinder and in the centre of its length, is fixed a valve box
containing the horizontal inlet and exhaust valves. The ignition is effected elec-
trically or by an incandescent tube. The cylinder is cooled by a water jacket
round the explosion chamber. The valves can be removed to clean them, by
removing a screw plug.
The motor has a four stroke cycle. At the first stroke, the two pistons separate
and draw in the explosive mixture, opening by suction, the inlet valve that is
forced against its seat by a helical spring, and which shuts automatically as soon
as the suction ceases, which takes place as soon as the two pistons have reached
the ends of their strokes. At the completion of the stroke each piston uncovers the
port of a passage leading to the atmosphere and situated at the lower part of.
the cylinder, by which the air enters in the cylinder at its two ends, and fills up
the partial vacuum caused by the valve spring so that a better compression is
given to the explosive mixture.
The quantity of air so admitted may be regulated by a valve operated by a cam
so that the opening for the air is shut when the exhaust of the burnt gases com-
mences. Then the quantity of air, admitted at the end of the working stroke
would serve to completely force out the burnt gases, during the exhaust stroke.
At the second stroke, the explosive mixture is compressed by the approach of the
two pistons. At the third stroke the explosion takes place, either by electrical
spark or other means, causing the working stroke of the two pistons. At the
fourth stroke, the pistons, in approaching, force out the burnt gases through an
opening controlled by the exhaust valve.
The cam shaft controlling the valve is driven at half the speed of the main
shaft.
A horizontal centrifugal governor situated on the cam shaft operates on a
throttle or other valve placed in the inlet passage of the explosive mixture.

page_text: To balance the parts having a to-and-fro movement, the weight of the direct
piston and its rod is made equal to the weight of the back piston and its forked
connecting-rod, the forked connecting-rod being made of steel tubes. The bed
plate of this motor may be filled with water to give weight.
Dated this 27th Mar 1907
I, CHARLES EMILE CALLOCHI, Constructor, of La Flèche, (Sarthe), in the Republic
of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and
by the following statement:
0
This invention has for its object to construct a motor with one cylinder and
two pistons that shall be perfectly balanced both as regards its motion and the
impulsive forces.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section
of a motor constructed according to this invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontal section
of the same, and Fig. 3 is a transverse section through the valve chest and
cylinder of the motor.
The motor is composed of a single cylinder A, open at both ends, in which work
two pistons B, C, the front piston B being directly connected to the crank H at the
middle of the driving-shaft, by means of a connecting-rod D, and the second
piston C being also directly connected by means of a fork-shaped connecting-rod E
to two side and opposite cranks F, F on the driving-shaft. By this arrangement
the balance of the movement is effected.
The forked connecting-rod E passing outside the cylinder is constructed in
three parts E1 E2 E3, and has a central projection K that is jointed to the gudgeon G
of the second or back piston C. The projecting central part K of this connecting-
rod is always in the same straight line as the two arms E' E3 of the fork that are
connected to the side cranks of the motor-shaft.
On the top of the cylinder and in the centre of its length, is fixed a valve box P,
containing the horizontal inlet and exhaust valves S, SL. The ignition is effected
electrically or by an incandescent tube. The cylinder is cooled by a water jacket
round the explosion chamber. The valves can be removed for cleaning through
openings normally closed by screw plugs.
The motor has a four stroke cycle. At the first stroke, the two pistons separate
and draw in the explosive mixture, opening by suction the inlet valve that is
forced against its seat by a helical spring, and which shuts automatically as soon
as the suction ceases, which takes place as soon as the two pistons have reached
the ends of their strokes. At the completion of the stroke each piston uncovers
the air inlet passages a leading to the atmosphere and situated at the lower part
of the cylinder, by which the air enters in the cylinder at its two ends, and fills
up the partial vacuum caused by the valve spring so that a better compression is
given to the explosive mixture.
At the second stroke, the explosive mixture is compressed by the approach of
the two pistons. At the third stroke the explosion takes place, either by electrical
spark or other means, causing the working stroke of the two pistons. At the
fourth stroke, the pistons, in approaching force out the burnt gases through the

page_text: exhaust opening the valve S¹ of which is operated at the right moment by a
cam L.
The cam shaft controlling the valve is driven through gearing 0 at half the
speed of the main shaft.
A horizontal centrifugal governor N situated on the cam shaft operates on a
throttle or other valve placed in the inlet passage of the explosive mixture.
When the explosion takes place between the two pistons, the front piston B
presses on the middle crank of the motor-shaft, and the back piston C pulls by
means of its forked connected-rod on the two opposite cranks. It is therefore
readily understood that the shock produced by the explosion is neutralised, since
it acts on the crank shaft in opposite directions. Therefore, vibrations are rendered
impossible and perfect balance of the shocks occasioned by the explosions is
effected.
To balance the parts having a reciprocating movement the weight of the direct
piston B and its rod is made equal to the weight of the back piston C and its
forked connecting-rod. To attain this, a less thickness is given to the parts of
piston C, the jacket and its connecting-rod being made of steel tubes, which afford
sufficient strength as this connecting-rod only acts in tension under the force of
the explosion. The connecting-rod E is only in compression when producing
suction in the cylinder, to effect which only a small force is required and is supplied
by the action of a fly-wheel, on the crank shaft. When the explosion takes place
the piston C pulls on the connecting-rod, and at the exhaust of the gases, the
cranks by the action of the fly-wheel, pull on the forks of the connecting-rod.
Therefore, the balance of the movement and explosion being obtained as
described, the motor is quite anti-vibrating.
The bed plate of this motor may be filled with water to give weight and, in
case of possible deplacement of the motor, the water may be evacuated to reduce
the weight of the motor and render it more portable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. In a motor the means for balancing the movement of the reciprocating parts
consisting in working two independent pistons in the same cylinder, with con-
necting-rods acting directly on the cranks of the motor-shaft substantially as
described.
2. In an internal combustion motor neutralising the vibratory effects of the
explosion by causing it to act between two pistons contained in the same cylinder,
and working in opposite directions substantially as described.
3. In an internal combustion motor admitting a small quantity of air to fill the
partial vacuum produced by the valve spring.
4. The improved construction of internal combustion engines substantially as
described with reference to the drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1898.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents