Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Casks or Barrels.
Year: 1890

page_text: The decision of the Chief Examiner, acting on behalf of the Comptroller, of
the 4th day of September 1893, allowed, under Section 18 of the Patents, &c.
Act, 1883, an Amendment of this Specification.
Date of Application, 17th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 17th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 23rd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Casks or Barrels.
I GEORGE MILLS of Castor Street West India Dock Road in the County of
Middlesex Cooper do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has for its object to provide machinery for the manufacture of casks
or barrels whereby casks of various sizes may be made by the same machinery
saving in time labour and material is effected and more perfect junctions of the
parts of a cask is obtained than is the case with cask making machinery hitherto
employed.
The rough timber or blanks of which the staves are to be formed and which are
somewhat longer than is required for the finished staves are cut to the required
length and their ends squared by means of two circular saws mounted on a spindle
or on spindles so as to be capable of being adjusted in position nearer to or further
from each other according to the length of stave required. The blanks are fed up
to the saws by means of endless chains carried on chain pulleys and provided at
suitable distances apart with dogs or projections which as the chains travel over the
surface of bench or table engage the staves near their ends and carry them forward
up to the saws in the proper position to ensure the ends being cut perfectly square
or at right angles to the longitudinal centre line of the blank.
The blanks are prevented from becoming displaced (while being acted on) by
weighted levers which press upon the chain so as to securely hold the blanks in
position against the surface of the table. An adjustable stop or gauge is provided
against which one end of the blank bears when placed in position on the table
to be engaged by the projections on the endless chains the said gauge being
preferably adjusted to such a position that one end of the blank projects beyond
the plane of one of the saws to such an extent that only sufficient of the wood is
removed therefrom to make it square or at a right angle to its length, the surplus
length of the blank being removed from the opposite end by the other saw the
pieces cut off being conducted from the machine by a suitable conduit or shoot.
The blanks cut to the required length and squared at the ends as hereinbefore
described are then jointed that is their edges are shaped so that when trussed the
edges of the staves make perfect contact and a correct form or bulge is given to
the cask.
The blanks to be jointed are placed in position on a moveable support or table
arranged to move between two rotating spindles carrying the cutters the said blanks
being centred in the direction of their width on the moveable table by means of
levers operated by a treadle which when depressed causes the ends of the levers to
move equally on opposite sides of the blank towards the centre and by bearing
against the sides or edges of the blank force it into its correct position in which
position it is retained by suitable clamps carried on the table and made to bear
upon the ends of the blank. In order to construct a correctly formed cask it is

page_text: essential that the width of the staves at their centres bear a certain relative pro-
portion to the width at their ends. The angle of the sides of the staves vary
according to the width of the staves and in order to correctly adjust the cutters to
produce the required angle or bevel I provide in connection with the centreing
mechanism a pointer which is moved more or less, when centreing a blank, according
to the width of the blank, so that when a blank is centred the pointer will be
moved to a certain position. Each cutter spindle is mounted at its upper end in a
plummer block carried on a disc fitted to turn on a stud, projecting from a block
which is capable of being adjusted in position crosswise of the machine and also in
a vertical direction for the purpose of regulating the distance between the two
cutter spindles to suit staves of different lengths. The lower ends of these spindles
are also capable of being adjusted in position to vary the angle of the cutters to
suit staves of different widths.
The adjustment of the position of these spindles may be effected by means of
right and left handed screws or otherwise. To ensure the cutter spindles being
adjusted to the proper position to give the correct bevel to the edges of the staves
there is provided in connection with the adjusting mechanism a pointer which
moves with the spindles when being adjusted and is so arranged with reference to
the pointer connected with the centreing mechanism that when the two pointers
coincide, or are opposite each other the cutters will be in the right position to
produce the correct angle on the edge of the stave. The blank having been
centred and fixed on the table or support as described and the cutter spindles
having been adjusted to the required angle the support or table is set in motion so
as to traverse the blank between the cutters.
The support or table is connected near its ends to the lower extremities of two
links or radius bars the upper ends of which links are connected to blocks capable
of being adjusted in height to suit different lengths of staves to be jointed the said
links being also capable of being altered in length for the like purpose.
The traversing motion of the table or support is effected by means of a screw
working in nuts or screwed blocks to which the table is connected by links which
admit of the table being raised and lowered while being moved longitudinally.
The raising and lowering is effected by the varying angle given to the said rods as
the table moves longitudinally the motion of the said table being similar to that of
a parallel rule. The radius bars or rods are so situated with reference to the cutter
spindles that when the cutters commence to operate on the blank the table is in
about its highest position the cutters acting simultaneously on both edges of the
blank so as to reduce its width at the end to the required extent and as the table
moves forward it is gradually lowered by reason of the change in the angle of the
radius bars so that the amount of wood cut away from the edges of the blank is
gradually reduced (in consequence of the change in the angular position of the
cutters) from the end to the centre of the length of the blank at which part the
radius bars are vertical, and the table is consequently in its lowest position. When
the table is in this position the edges of the blank are acted upon by the lower
portions of the cutters which are furthest apart so that only sufficient wood is
removed at this part of the blank to give the required bevel or angle. By the
continued forward movement of the table the angle of the radius bars are again
altered thereby causing the table to be gradually raised so that the amount of wood
removed from the edges of the blank will be gradually increased and the width of
the blank reduced towards the end in the same proportion as it increases from the
other end to the centre thus producing a stave of uniform shape from the centre to
the opposite ends and with edges having the required angle or bevel. The stave
thus jointed is removed from the table and another blank placed in position, it being
centred by means of another treadle situated on the opposite side of the cutters to
that herein before described. If the blank is the same width as that previously
operated on the motion of the table is reversed and the jointing effected as herein-
before described, but if the blank be of a different width which will be indicated
by the pointer in connection with the centreing mechanism it will be necessary to

page_text: adjust the angle of the cutter spindles accordingly as hereinbefore described before
reversing the motion of the table. When the apparatus is required to joint staves
of a different length the length of the radius rods must be altered and the blocks
to which their upper ends are attached be correspondingly raised or lowered as
required.
The staves after being jointed are backed" that is curved or convexed
transversely on their outer sides. It is necessary that the transverse convexity of
the staves gradually increase in sharpness from the centre to the opposite ends and
in order to effect this I provide an apparatus having two cutters arranged to move
towards and from the longitudinal centre line of the stave the said cutters being
caused to cross each other at the said centre so as to ensure no rib being left along
the centre of the stave. The staves are fed endwise up to the action of the cutters
by means of an endless travelling chain on which the staves are placed the said
chain being provided at suitable distances apart with dogs or projections which
engage the outer ends of the staves and carry them forward towards the cutters.
The staves are supported on weighted leavers arranged on opposite sides of the
chain which levers yield to any inequality in the surface of the staves other
weighted levers being also provided which act on the sides of the staves to keep
them in position as they are moving up to the cutters. The entters may be moved
towards and from each other by any suitable mechanism such for example as right
and left handed screws caused to operate in unison with the feeding mechanism so
as to effect the forward and backward motions of the cutters at the proper time to
give the required curvature whatever may be the length of the stave.
The staves after being backed are hollowered on their opposite or inner sides
which hollowing is effected by means of a cutter or cutters, carried on the end of a
lever operated by a cam so as to bring the cutter into proper position according to
the thickness of the staves. The staves are fed into position, to be operated on by
the cutter by means of an endless chain in a manner similar to that described with
reference to the backing mechanism the stave being kept in position whilst being
operated on by weighted levers as hereinbefore described. It is essential that a portion
of each end of a stave he left without being hollowed and in order to cominence and
discontinue the hollowing operation at the requisite periods the cam which operates
the lever carrying the cutter is so timed with reference to the motion of the feeding
chain that the cutter will be lowered into and raised out of its operating position
at the requisite periods of the traversing motion of the said feeding chain to effect
the hollowing only at the part where required.
The cam surface which acts on the lever may be attached to a carrying disc by
screws or other suitable means so as to be capable of being readily removed and
replaced by another according to the degree of hollowing required. To render the
apparatus capable of hollowing staves of various lengths the cam shaft and the
parts connected therewith may be readily removed from its bearings and replaced
by another suited to the length of staves to be operated on.
The
The staves after being hollowed are ready for trussing and to properly arrange
or raise the staves previous to the trussing operation I provide a bench or table
having a scale marked thereon to indicate the space required to be occupied by the
staves (when laid side by side) necessary to form a cask of a certain size.
staves which may be of various widths are laid on this bench so as to fill the
required space after which they are placed in the raising apparatus which consists
of two parts an upper movable part and a lower stationary part (or vice versa). The
lower part consists of a table or platform provided with brackets or projection to
support trussing hoops or rings in which the staves are arranged in a circle the
lower ends of the said staves resting on the platform and bearing against a circular
projection thereon so as to retain them in position. The upper part of the apparatus
is in the form of an inverted hollow cone and is made in two parts hinged together
so as to admit of trussing hoops being placed in annular grooves provided in the
interior for their reception through which hoops the upper ends of the staves pass

page_text: when the upper and lower parts of the apparatus are moved toward each other the
staves being thus partly trussed or held together by these hoops which are
technically known as bulge hoops and quarter hoops.
Either one or both the upper and lower parts of the apparatus may be movable
and may be operated by hydraulic power screws or other suitable means.
When the staves are thus partly trussed the two parts of the apparatus are
separated and the partly formed cask removed therefrom and placed in another
apparatus by which the bulge rings and quarter rings are driven further along the
staves and head rings are forced on to the ends of the staves so as to complete the
trussing. This apparatus consists of two hollow cones arranged face to face and
capable of being slidden in suitable guides towards and from each other by means
of right and left handed screws hydraulic power or other suitable meaus.
The
partially trussed cask is placed in position between these hollow cones so that as
they move towards each other hinged lugs thereon come first into contact with the
quarter hoops and drive them further onto the staves after which other hinged lugs
act on the bulge hoops and force them further towards the centre of the length of
the staves which are thereby forced closer together and permit of their ends
entering end hoops placed in position on the cones before the partly trussed cask is
placed in the apparatus. The head or end hoops being forced onto the ends of the
staves effectually close the joints between them and the trussing is complete after
which the cones are withdrawn from each other and the trussed cask removed.
If desired one only of the hollow cones may be movable and the other fixed.
will be understood that before submitting the staves to the raising and trussing
operations the staves are fired in the usual manner to permit of them being bent or
set as required.
It
The partially formed cask after being trussed is placed in another apparatus by
which the bevelling hollowing and crozing or grooving of the ends or chimes are
simultaneously effected.
The partially formed cask is placed in a vertical position on the platform of the
apparatus against adjustable stops which ensure the said cask being held in the
correct position to be operated on by the cutting tools. The cutters are carried on
a block secured to one end of an arm capable of being rotated on a centre the said
arm being provided with driving straps suitably arranged to impart the necessary
rotary motion to the cutters as the arm rotates. The platform carrying the cask
may be raised by hydraulic or other power so as to bring the upper end of the cask
into position to be operated on by the cutting device. The cutters are held to the
work by a spring carried on the cutter block or arın and bearing against the outer
surface of the cask.
,,
The cutters are so shaped and arranged that when the arm is rotated they
simultaneously act so as to bevel the edge of the chime cut an annular recess
or hollow at the part where the head is inserted and also " croze or cut the annular
groove for the reception of the head. If desired the bevelling of the chimes may
be effected by a separate apparatus having a cutter carried on a rotating disc and
acting as a rotating plane to bevel the chimes or if desired instead of the rotating
combined cutters previously described the bevelling hollowing out and crozing
cutters may be mounted on a rotating disc to act after the manner of planes. When
one end or chime of the partly formed cask is completed the platform is lowered
and the cask reversed after which the platform is again elevated so as to bring the
then upper end of the cask into position to be acted on, by the cutting device in
the manner herein before described or if desired the platform may be stationary and
the cutter holder be capable of being raised and lowered as required.
The heads may be placed in the ends and the cask finished in the usual or other
suitable manner. For drilling the dowel holes in the pieces of timber of which the
heads are made I employ in connection with a pair of drills means for centreing the
pieces of timber so that the dowel holes shall be at equal distances from the ends of
the said pieces whatever may be their length.

page_text: The centreing device consists of weighted levers the ends of which bear upon
the opposite ends of the piece to be drilled and so force it into a central position
to be presented to the action of the drills.
To facilitate the punching of the holes in the correct positions in, and rounding
the ends of, the lengths of hoop iron which formn the hoops for the casks I provide
on a bench or table two or more combined punching and shearing devices capable
of being adjusted to and fixed at any required distance apart according to the
lengths of iron to be punched each device being provided preferably with two
punches for punching two holes simultaneously in each end of the hoop iron.
The two punching devices are connected together by gearing so that they operate
on the two opposite ends of the hoop iron so as to round and punch the holes in
the two ends almost simultaneously whereby a great saving of time is effected and
the correct position of the rivet holes is ensured.
The rivetting of the hoops and the hooping of the casks may be effected in the
ordinary or other suitable manner.
L 1900
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Casks or Barrels.
GEORGE MILLS of Castor Street West India Dock Road in the County of
Middlesex Cooper do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :—
My invention has for its object to provide machinery for the manufacture of
casks or barrels whereby casks or barrels of various sizes may be made by the
same machines, saving in time labour and material effected, and more perfect
junction of the parts of a cask is obtained than is the case with cask making
machines hitherto employed.
I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
Figure of which is a side sectional elevation and Figure 2 an end view of a cross
cutting machine for cutting the blanks or rough pieces of timber to the required
length for the finished staves, and for squaring their ends. Figure 3 is a sectional
side elevation and Figure 4 an end view of the jointing machine, and Figure 4A is a
side view and a plan of a cutter block for use in the jointer. Figure 5 is a side
elevation of part of the jointing machine shewing more clearly the mechanism for
adjusting the position of the staves and cutters. Figures 6 and 7 are respectively
a longitudinal section and a plan of the machine for backing or curving transversely
the outer surface of the staves Figure 8 a transverse section of the same and
Figure 8 is an elevation and plan of a modified arrangement of the cutters therefor.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the machine for hollowing or concaving the
inner surface of the staves. Figure 10 is a plan of the same. Figures 11 and 12
are respectively an elevation and a plan view of the "setter up
or machine in
which the staves to form a cask are packed together in rings or hoops in readiness
to be trussed and Figures 13 and 14 are respectively a longitudinal sectional
elevation and a transverse section of the trussing machine. Figure 15 is a vertical
section and Figure 16 a plan of a combined beveling "jiggering" and grooving or
crozing machine Figure 17 is a side elevation of the bevelling or chamfering
machine and Figure 18 are views of the cutter detached. Figures 19 and 20 are
respectively a front elevation and transverse section of a machine for cutting and
punching the rivet holes in the opposite ends of the hoop iron bands for forming the
hoops for casks.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 A A² are two circular saws mounted on short

page_text: 2'
spindles carried in bearings a on carriages beach capable of being raised and
lowered as required, so as to bring the same into and out of operating position, by
means of a worm c which gears with a worm wheel dou a screwed spindle
working in a nut on the carriage. These carriages slide on guides in or on
pillars y g² one of which (g) is bolted or otherwise secured to the bed or base whilst
the other one (2) is capable of being adjusted nearer to or further from the other,
(to suit staves of different lengths) by means of a screw i working in a nut or female
thread formed in or attached to the bottom of the pillar. Each of the pillars g
and g² is provided at its upper end with a table or platform to which are bolted
respectively brackets 1122 carrying shafts m m² having keyed thereon chain
wheels nnnn² round which pass endless chains B. The wheels may be
driven, as shewn, by a strap from any suitable prime mover, passing round the
drum or pulley o on the shaft m² or by a worm and worm wheel or in any other
suitable and convenient manner. The saws A A2 are driven by separate straps
passing round the pulleys p² fast on the saw spindles. The chain wheels n n² at
one side of the machine are capable of sliding along their spindle with the pillar g
when being adjusted to suit staves of different lengths. Attached to the ends of
the tables or platforms at which the blanks or rough pieces of timber, are fed into
the machine are inclined spring surfaces upon which the blanks are placed one at a
time one end of the blank being made to abut against an adjustable stop or gauge 3
which regulates the amount of material to be removed from this end of the blank.
The endless chains B are provided at suitable distances apart with dogs or
projections C which when the machine is at work engage the blanks placed in
position on the spring supports or surfaces and carry them forward up to the
saws A A?
The two chains B work uniformly and the dogs or projections are arranged
thereon so that the blanks are traversed up to the saws truly parallel, so that the
surplus material severed from the blank will leave its ends perfectly square or at
right angles to the centre line of the blank. The blanks are prevented from
becoming displaced while being operated on by the saws, by means of weighted
levers DD and D2 D2 mounted loosely on the shafts which carry the chain wheels.
These levers have each attached to its lower end a stud E provided with pulleys s
which bear on the lower portions of the chains and press the blanks down on to
the surface of the tables or platforms & over which they travel.
The amount of material severed from the blank by the saw A will depend upon
the distance the gauge is made to project from the bracket and is preferably
arranged so that only just sufficient material is removed to square this end of the
blank whilst the main superfluous portion is removed by the saw, A2 from the
opposite end of the blank. The blanks as they are thus cross cut are delivered by
the chains from the opposite end of the machine and the portions severed therefrom
are conducted from the machine by a suitable shoot or conduit.
The blanks thus cut to the required length are next "jointed" that is they have
their edges bevelled or shaped as required according to the size of the cask to be
made. The "jointing" machine is illustrated by Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the
drawings. Each blank or rough stave is placed on a reciprocating table or support F
and is held in position thereon by clamps G centered at H to the table F.
These clamps carry at their upper ends swivelling nuts I in which work right and
left handed screws formed on a spindle K provided at its opposite ends with hand
wheels 12 by which the spindle may be rotated from either end. The ends of
the stave bear against stops or abutment pieces which are adjustable in position
to suit staves of different lengths, the clamps G being also adjustable in position on
the table for the like purpose. The stave is correctly centered or adjusted in
position on the table or support in the direction of its width by means of levers M
carried on spindles N arranged on opposite sides of the table and mounted in
bearings u on the frame of the machine the levers being fixed on the spindles in a
position to bear on the opposite sides of the stave midway between its opposite
ends when the table is in position to receive a stave, The machine illustrated is

page_text: designed to act on a fresh rough blank or stave at each reciprocation of the table
and consequently a set of centreing levers and spindles are provided at each end of
the machine. The spindles of each pair are geared together by segments and
are turned in their bearings by means of a treadle O connected by a rod w to an
arm a fast on one of the said spindles so that when this treadle is depressed
a simultaneous partial rotation will be imparted to both spindles causing
the upper ends of the levers M on each side of the machine to move equally
towards each other and by pressing against the opposite sides of the blank at the
centre of its length force it into its correct central position on the table, in which
position it is retained by turning the spindle K so as to cause the nuts I thereon to
approach each other and thereby force the clamps G onto the ends of the blank.
The table is connected at or near its opposite ends by rods or radius bars P
to blocks Q which are capable of being raised and lowered as required in guides R
by means of screws S according to the length of the staves to be jointed the rods P
being also if desired adjustable in length (as shewn) for the same purpose.
The table F is traversed to and fro between inclined spindles T carrying the
cutters T which are driven at a high speed by bands passing round the pulleys T³.
The cutters Tact simultaneously on the two opposite edges of blank secured on
the table.
For jointing staves that are of uniform thickness throughout their length the
cutting edges of the cutters T are parallel to the spindle T but staves that are
thicker at their ends than in the middle require the angle of the edges at the ends
to be different to the angle on the thinner portions so that when trussed the joints
throughout the whole length of the staves will be close. To produce this difference
in the angle on the edges of the staves the edges of the cutting blades are parallel
to the spindle for a portion of their length to operate on the thinner portions of the
staves the other part of the cutting edges being at an angle to the spindle to operate
on the thicker parts of the staves.
Each cutter blade for this purpose may be made in two parts as shown in
Figure 4, the angled portion being made in one piece and the parallel part in
another piece.
The traversing motion is given to the table F by means of a screw U mounted
in bearings y in the frame of the machine and working in an internally screwed
block or nut V connected by a rod or link W to the table F. The screw U is
rotated by means of a worm wheel X fast on the outer end thereof and gearing
with a worm Y on a shaft 7. mounting in bearings on the frame of the machine and
carrying fast and loose pulleys 1 driven by a strap or band from any suitable prime
mover.
As the table is being moved longitudinally it also receives a rising and
falling motion by reason of its connection with the radius bars or rods l' and is
guided in its up and down motions on brackets 2 which slide with the table
in its longitudinal movements on the bars 3 of the frame of the machine. The
radius bars or rods are so situated with reference to the cutter spindles T that
when the cutters T commence to operate on the blank, the table F is in about its
highest position (as shown on the right hand side of Figure 3) the cutters acting
simultaneously on both edges of the blank 4 so as to reduce its width at the end
to the required extent. As the table F moves forward it is gradually lowered by
reason of the change in the angle of the radius bars P so that the amount of wood
ent away from the edges of the blank is gradually reduced (in consequence of the
angular position of the cutters) from the end to the centre of the length of the
blank by which time the table F will have traversed one half of its full stroke
and the radius bars K will be vertical consequently the table will be in its lowest
position. When the table is in this position the edges of the blank are acted upon
by the lower portions of the cutters which lower parts, in consequence of the
angular arrangement of the cutter spindles, are further apart than are the upper
parts whereby only sufficient wood is removed from the centre part of the blank to
give the required bevel or angle. By the continued movement of the table the angle

page_text: of the radius bars is again altered in the reverse direction thereby causing the
table F to be gradually raised so that the width of the blank is reduced from the
centre towards the end in the same proportion as it increases from the other end to
the centre, thus producing a stave of uniform shape from the centre to the opposite
ends and with edges having the required angle or bevel.
The stave thus jointed is removed from the table and another blank placed in
position it being centred by means of the treadle O situated at the opposite end of
the machine to that from which the table had moved.
If the blank is the same width as that previously operated on the motion of the
table is reversed and the jointing effected as herein before described, but if the blank
be of a different width and as the angle or bevel of the sides of the staves require to
be varied according to the width it is necessary to alter the angle of the cutters
accordingly. In order to correctly adjust the cutters to produce the required angle
or bevel on the staves provide in connection with the centreing mechanism
herein before described means for indicating when the cutters are properly adjusted.
On one of the spindles N which carry the centreing levers M is an arm 5 carrying
a pointer 6 which is moved more or less, when centreing a blank, according to the
width of the blank so that when a blank of a certain width is centred the pointer 6
will be moved into a certain position. Casks of large size require the angles on the
edges of the staves to be less acute than on the staves of small casks and in order
to vary the angle as required, each cutter spindle T is mounted at its upper end in
a plummer block 7 carried on a disc 8 fitted to turn on a stud projecting from a
block 9 so as to admit of the angle of the cutter spindles being varied as
required.
The blocks 7 are adjusted in position crosswise of the machine for the purpose
of regulating the distance between the two cutter spindles to suit staves for
different sized casks and to facilitate the proper adjustment of these blocks a
scale may be marked on the frame to indicate when the blocks are in the correct
position. The lower ends of the cutter spindles are also mounted in plummer
blocks 10 capable of being adjusted in position in a similar manner to the blocks 7
to vary the angle of the cutters to suit staves of different widths. The adjustment
of the position of these spindles may be effected by means of right and left handed
screws 11 as shewn or otherwise.
In connection with the sliding block 12 which carries the plummer block 10 is a
pointer 13 which moves with the block when the angle of the cutter spindles are
being adjusted and is so arranged with reference to the pointer 6 connected with
the centreing mechanism that when the two pointers coincide or are opposite cach
other the cutters will be in position to produce the correct angle on the edges of
the stave.
The blank which has been jointed is removed from the table F and another
blank is centred and fixed on the table after which the cutter spindles are adjusted
in position (if not already in the proper position which will be indicated by the
pointer in connection with the centreing mechanism as hereinbefore described) and
the motion of the table is reversed. When the apparatus is required to joint
staves of a different length the length of the radius rods P must be altered and
the blocks to which their upper ends are attached be correspondingly raised or
lowered as required by means of the hand wheel 15 and the gearing 16.
The blocks 9 carrying the upper bearings 7 of the cutter spindles are also
adjusted to the required position by means of a handle 1* fitted to a shaft 2*
carrying a worm 3* which gears with a worm wheel 4* keyed on the right and
left hand screw spindle 11 so that by turning the handle 1* in the required direction
the distance between the cutter spindles T may be adjusted as required according
to the length of the staves to be operated on.
In order to prevent the blocks 9 being moved from the position to which they
have been adjusted for staves of a certain length the spindle which rotates the
worm 3* is connected thereto so that it may be readily removed to prevent the
worm being rotated. The staves after being jointed, are "backed" that is they

page_text: have their outer surfaces curved or convexed transversely and this I effect in the
machine illustrated by Figures 6, 7, 8 and 8 of the drawings. It is necessary that
the transverse convexity of the staves gradually increases in sharpness from the
centre of their length to their ends and in order to effect this I provide two blocks
or sleeves 17 and 18 cach carrying two cutters 19 and 20 arranged to move
towards and from the longitudinal centre line of the stave as it is being operated
on the said cutters being caused to cross each other at the centre line of the stave
so as to ensure no rib being left along the centre thereof. The sleeves 17 and 18
are fitted to slide along but to rotate with a shaft 21 driven from any suitable
prime mover by a strap passing round the pulley 22. Or as shewn in Figure 8
there is fixed on the spindle or shaft 21 a cutter .* and on opposite sides thereof
is fitted on the shaft, a cutter 19, 20 arranged to slide over the ends of the cutter *
so as to prevent the formation of ribs on the staves. The staves are fed endwise
up to the action of the cutters by means of an endless travelling chain 23 carried
on chain pulleys 24, 25 and provided at suitable distances apart with dogs or
projections 24 which engage the outer ends of the staves placed on the chain and
carry them forward towards the cutter. The staves are supported on opposite
sides of the chain 23 by weighted lever 25* which levers yield to any inequality
in the surface of the staves while being operated on by the cutters, and press the
staves against a short upper bearing surface 20%, other levers 26 being also
provided which bear on the opposite sides or edges of the staves to keep them in
central position as they are moving up to the cutters, and to prevent the outer end
of the stave dropping while being fed up to the cutters it is supported by a
weighted lever 24** which bears upon the underside of the chain 23, a similar
weighted bifurcated lever 23** being provided to support the forward end of the
stave as it is leaving the cutters. The levers 26 are fast on the upper ends of
vertical spindles 26, these spindles 26* on opposite sides of the machine are
geared together by segments 25** so that both sets of levers receive equal and
simultaneous motions to maintain the staves in their central position in their
movement through the machine. At the feeding end of the machine the pair of
levers 26 are caused to open out at suitable intervals to enable the staves to be
fed between them. To effect this opening out or separation of the said levers
there is provided on one of the spindles 26* carrying the levers 26 an arm 26**
which is connected to one end of a rod 27**. This rod is supported at its opposite
end in a guide eye 28** and is provided with an adjustable projection 29** which
at each revolution of the wheel 25 is acted on by a tappet or projection 30**
thereon so as to move the rod 27** in a longitudinal direction and thereby through
the arm 26** effect the opening out or separation of the levers 26. When the
projection 30** has left the projection 29** the levers are caused to close and bear
with equal pressure on the opposite sides or edges of the staves placed between
them and thereby ensure the staves being placed in a truly central position on the
chain 23.
The pressure of the levers 26 against the staves is obtained by weights 27×
connected by cords or the like 28* to arins 29* fast on the spindles 26*. The
cutters 19 and 20 have curved cutting edges and are moved towards and from each
other by any suitable mechanism such for example as right and left handed screws
caused to operate in unison with the feeding mechanism so as to effect at the
proper times the forward and backward motions of the sleeves 17 and 18 carrying
the cutters to give the required curvature to the stave whatever may be its length.
Or the movement of the cutters may be effected by providing each of the sleeves,
on which the cutters are mounted, with a groove as shewn, in which groove works
an arm 28 fixed to a piece 29 fitted to slide in guides 30 on the frame of the
machine. The piece 29 carries also another arm 31 which is engaged by a ring or
flange on a drum 33 fast on a shaft 32 so that when the shaft 32 is rotated the
ring on the drum 33 acting on the arm 31 imparts to the sleeve the required to and
fro motions to cause the cutters 19 and 20 to give to the staves the required
Convexity.

page_text: The shaft or spindle 21 carrying the cutters is adjustable in height to suit staves
of different thickness the blocks 34 carrying the spindle being arranged to slide in
guides 25 and operated by screws rotated by gearing 36 and hand wheel 37.
To enable the machine to operate on staves of different lengths the speed of
rotation of the cam drum 33 relatively to the traverse of the endless chain 23 may
be varied as required by varying the size of either or both of the wheels 38 and 39
by which the drum 33 is driven from the spindle or shaft 40 carrying the chain
wheel 24.
The staves after being backed are hollowed or concaved on their inner sides which
hollowing is effected in the machine illustrated in Figures 9 & 10.
The staves are supported and fed up to the cutters in this machine by similar
means to those employed, in the backing machine last described but the cutters
which have no transverse motions are carried on a spindle 41 mounted in bearings
in arms 42 fast on a spindle 43 turning in bearings 44 on the frame of the machine.
Fast on the spindle 43 is a lever 45 the outer end of which carries an adjustable
friction bowl 46 kept in contact, by a weight 47, with a cam 48 by which the
cutter is brought into position to operate on the staves and raised out of operating
position at the required periods. The staves are held down on a short bed 22**
whilst being operated on by the cutters by means of a weighted lever 49 fast on a
spindle 50 mounted in bearings 51 on the frame of the machine and carrying feet
or pressers 52 which bear upon the stave to keep it in position as it passes the
cutter.
It is essential for some casks that a portion of each end of the staves be left
thicker than the central portion and in order to commence and discontinue the
hollowing operation at the requisite periods the cam 48 which operates the lever 45
for raising and lowering the cutter is so timed with reference to the motion of the
feeding chain 23 that the cutter will be lowered into and raised out of its operating
position at the requisite periods of the traversing motion of the said feeding chain
to effect the hollowing at the parts where required.
The cam surface 48 which acts on the lever 45 is attached to a carrying disc by
screws or other suitable means so as to be capable of being readily removed and
replaced by another cam surface, according to the extent of hollowing required.
To render the apparatus capable of hollowing staves of various lengths the cam
shaft 49* and the parts connected therewith may be readily removed from its
bearings and replaced by another provided with parts suited to the length of staves
to be operated on.
The staves after being hollowed are properly arranged on a bench or table
having a scale marked thereon to indicate the space required to be occupied by the
staves (when laid side by side) necessary to form a cask of a certain size. The
staves which may be of various widths are laid on this bench so as to fill the
required space after which they are placed in the raising or setting up apparatus
illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. This apparatus consists of two principal
parts ciz. a lower movable part and an upper stationary part (or vice versa). The
lower part consists of a table or platform 50* provided with brackets or
projection 51 to support a hoop or ring 52* in which the staves are arranged in a
circle the lower ends of the said staves resting on the platform 50* and surrounded
by a hoop 59 their inner faces bearing against a circular projection 53 on the said
platform so as to retain them in position. The table 50x is connected to the
plunger of a hydraulic ram or pump by which it is raised and lowered as required.
The upper stationary part of the apparatus is of conical form internally and is
divided vertically into two parts 54, 55 hinged together at 56 so as to be capable
of being opened out to admit of the introduction of hoops 52* and 59 in annular
grooves 57 provided in the interior for their reception. When the staves to form a
cask are arranged in proper order in the lower rings or hoops 52 and 59 the
table 50 is raised by hydraulic power as shewn (or by screws or other convenient
means) and as it rises the upper ends of the staves 60 are caused to enter the
conical mouth 58 of the upper part of the apparatus by which the said upper ends

page_text: are contracted or drawn together and by the continued rising of the table passed
through the upper hoops 52 and 59 placed in the recesses 57 the staves being thus
partly trussed are held together by the hoops 52* and 59 which are technically
known respectively as bulge hoops and quarter hoops. The upper part of the
apparatus is then opened, the table 50 lowered and the partly trussed cask
removed therefrom and fired and then placed in another apparatus to complete
the trussing. This apparatus is illustrated by Figures 13 and 14 and consists of
two hollow cones or heads 60*, 61 arranged face to face either or both of which
heads may be arranged to slide in suitable guides towards and from each other by
means of right and left handed screws. hydraulic power or other suitable means.
In the drawings I have shewn the head 61 as stationary and the head 60* moveable
along guides 62 and operated by hydraulic power. The heads 60* and 61 are each
provided round their peripheries with hinged thrust pieces 63 other thrust pieces 64
being also hinged round the outer circumference of the heads which former thrust
pieces (63) when turned into operating position project through openings 65 in the
said heads. In the interior of the heads are recesses for the reception of rings or
The partly
hoops 66 to be forced on to the opposite ends of the cask being made.
trussed cask having been removed from the setting up machine and fired in the
usual manner is placed in position between the two heads 60 and 61 (in which
have been inserted two head hoops) and supported on the thrust pieces 64* the
other thrust. picces 64 being then placed in operating position so that when the
head 60 moves forward the front ends of these thrust pieces press against
the bulge hoops and force them into position along the staves; after which the
head is withdrawn slightly and thrust pieces 64 and 64* thrown out of operating
position and the thrust pieces 63 turned into operating position so as to cause them
to force the quarter hoops, into position when the head 60* is next moved forward
after which the head is again withdrawn and the thrust pieces 63 are thrown out of
operating position. The staves are thus contracted or drawn closer together at
their ends so that by the next forward motion of the head 60× the ends of the
staves will enter the head hoops 66 placed in the heads 60× 61, which hoops being
thus forced onto the ends of the staves the trussing is completed. The head 60* is
then withdrawn, and the trussed cask removed and again fired to set the staves.
The
The partially formed cask after it is trussed is taken to the apparatus
illustrated by Figures 15 and 16 by which the simultaneous levelling jigging or
hollowing and the crozing or grooving, of the ends or chimes of the cask are
effected. The partially formed cask is placed in a vertical position on the
platform 67 against stops 68 and is held in proper position to be operated on by
the cutters by a screw clamp 69 carried by a pivotted or swinging arm 70.
table carrying the cask may be raised and lowered by hydraulic power screws levers
or other suitable means. Í have shewn a screw arrangement for the purpose. The
cutting tool consists of a compound cutter comprising a circular saw 71 for levelling
the edge, curved cutting blades 72 for jigging or cutting the hollow in the chime
and the narrow cutting blades 73 for crozing or cutting the groove in the hollow to
receive the head of the cask. This compound cutting tool is screwed to a spindle 74
mounted in bearings 75 on a block 76 carried on a rotatable arm 77 by which the
cutter is caused to travel round the interior of the end of the cask. The compound
cutter is driven at a high speed from the main driving shaft 78 by a strap 79 passing
round the pulley 30 thence over pulleys 81 carried on studs on the frame 82 and
thence round a pulley 83 fast on the upper end of a spindle 84 mounted in
bearings 83* in the frame 82. The spindle 84 passes through a sleeve 85 which is
connected to the arm 77. On the lower end of the spindle 84 is a pulley S4* by
which rotation is given through a strap 86 to a short spindle 87 mounted in bearings
in the arm 77. The spindle 87 carries a pulley 88 round which passes a strap 89
which also passes round a pulley 90 on the cutter spindle 74 and also round pulley's 91
and 92 carried on a frame or jointed arms 93 by which the spindles 87 and 74 are
connected, so that the spindle 74 may be moved nearer to or further from the
spindle 87 to suit different diameters of casks without altering the tension of the

page_text: strap 89. While the compound cutting tool is revolving the end of the arm 77
carrying the cutter is caused to rotate slowly round the cask the cutter being kept
up to its work in the chime by a spring 90x interposed between the block 76 and the
end of arm 77. A swivelling piece 91 is carried on the block 76 and caused to
bear on the exterior of the edge of the cask which swivelling piece is adjustable
nearer to or further from the cutter so as to regulate as required the depth of cut
according to the thickness of the staves. The sleeve 85 which is attached to the arm 77
is mounted in bearings 92 in the frame of the machine and has keyed thereon a
worm wheel 93 with which gears a worm 94 on a shaft 95 mounted in bearings 96.
The shaft 95 is rotated from the main shaft 78 by a strap passing round the
pulleys 97 and 98 so that through the worm 94 and worm wheel 93 a slow rotary
notion is given to the arm 77 thereby causing the cutter while rotating at a high
speed to travel round and finish the end of the cask. When one end of the cask is
finished the cutter may be moved out of operating position by turning by means of
the handle 98 the spindle 99, which spindle imparts through the gearing 100 rotation
to a screw 101 on which is screwed the swivelling piece 91* which bears against the
exterior of the cask so that by turning the screw in the direction to force the
piece 91 away from the cask the cutter is forced by the spring 90* away from its
work so as to enable the cask to be removed. The table may then be lowered and
the cask turned upside down and fixed in position for the opposite and now upper
end to be operated on by the cutter. I have shewn in the drawing an arrangement
for raising and lowering the table by means of a screw but it is obvious that it may
be operated by hydraulic or other power. The screw 102 turns in bearings
on the frame of the machine and works in a nut or internal screw thread in the
table 67 which will be raised or lowered according to the direction in which the
screw 102 is rotated. The screw carries at its upper end a bevel wheel 103 in gear
with a corresponding wheel 104 fast on a short shaft or spindle 105 on which is also
fixed a worm wheel 106 gearing with a worm 107 on a shaft 108 which is driven
from any convenient source of power by two straps passing round a pulley 109 fast
on the said shaft. On opposite sides of the pulley 109 are mounted loosely on the
spindle 108 two pulleys 110 and 111 outo which the two driving straps are shifted
when the table is at rest. 112 is a strap shifter connected to one arm of a bell
crank lever 113 to the other arm of which lever is connected the upper end of a
rod 114 extending downwards through a hole in the table. When the table with
the cask thereon is to be raised the strap shifter 112 is moved by means of the
handle 115 so as to move the strap 115* onto the pulley 109 thereby rotating the
screw 102 (through the gearing herein before described) in the direction to raise
the table which when elevated to the required height comes against a stop 116 on
the rod 114 causing the said rod to rise and through the bell crank lever attached
thereto shift the strap 115* from the pulley 109 onto the loose pulley 110 and
thereby stop the motion of the table. To lower the table the strap shifter is moved
by means of the handle 115 so as to shift the crossed strap 117 onto the pulley 109
thereby rotating the screw in the reverse direction. When the table has descended
to the required extent it comes into contact with another stop 118 on the rod 114 so
as to automatically shift the strap 117 onto the loose pulley 111 and thereby stop
the motion of the table. The stops 116 and 118 on the rod 114 are adjustable in
position to regulate the extent of motion of the table to suit different sized casks to
be operated on. When one end of the cask has been operated on in this machine
the cask is turned upside down as hereinbefore described but as a certain amount
of wood has been removed from the end of the cask it becomes necessary to raise
the table higher than before to bring the other end of the cask into position to be
operated on by the cutters. This may be effected by raising the stop 116 ou the
rod 114 so that the table when rising will not come into contact therewith so soon
as before, or it may be effected by placing a removeable block of the required
thickness on the table as at 119 to come into contact with the stop 116 when the
first end of the cask is being operated on, which block may be removed when the
cask is reversed.

page_text: If desired a cutting blade may be combined with the compound cutter hereinbefore
described for simultaneously bevelling the chimes, but I prefer to employ a separate
machine for this purpose which is illustrated in Figures 17 and 18.
One or more cutters 120 of suitable form to cut the desired bevel on the chimes
is or are fixed in position on a disc 121 fast on the lower end of a shaft or spindle 122.
This shaft or spindle is free to slide in sleeves or collars 123 and caused to rotate
therewith in bearings 124. The sleeves 123 are rotated by bevel gearing 125 from
a shaft 126 carrying fast and loose pulleys round which passes a driving strap from
any suitable source of power and transmits rotation through the sleeves to the
disc 121. The longitudinal movement of the spindle 122 to bring the cutter disc
and cutter into and out of operating position is effected by means of a nut 127
fitting a screw thread on a spindle 128 which spindle is prevented from rotating by
a projection in the bearing 129 entering a groove in the said spindle. This spindle
is connected to the spindle or shaft 122 by a pin and groove or in any other suitable
manner that will admit of the latter rotating independently of the spindle 128. The
nnt 127 is formed in a bevel wheel with which gears a corresponding wheel 129* on
a shaft 130 driven from any suitable source by straps 131 passing round the
pulleys 132, by which the nut 127 may be rotated in the direction to raise or lower
the cutter as required by shifting one or other of the straps 131 on to the fast
pulley 133, by means of the handle 134 connected to the strap shifter 135 by the
rod 136 and bell crank lever 137. The ascent and descent of this cutter may be
automatically stopped by projections on the screwed spindle 128 arranged to come
into contact with a stop on a bar 137* attached to the bell crank lever 137 so as to
shift the straps onto the loose pulleys at the required periods. The bracket 138
carrying the operating mechanism may be adjusted in height to suit casks of
different sizes by means of gearings 139 operated by a hand wheel 140 so as to
rotate the screw 141 working in a nut or internal screw thread in the bracket 138.
142 is a handle in connection with the strap shifter for starting and stopping the
rotation of the cutter disc 121, and 121 is a hand wheel for raising and lowering
the cutter disc by hand through the gearing 122*.
When one end of the cask is bevelled or chamfered the cutter is raised and the
cask reversed and secured in position to be bevelled at the opposite end and when
finished may have the heads fitted and hooped in the usual manner. The cask is
supported and held in position while being operated on, in the same or similar way
as in the machine last described. For making the heads for the casks, I employ in
connection with a pair of drills for drilling the dowel holes in the timber of which
the heads are composed, weighted centering levers arranged (after the manner of
the centering levers in the jointing machine) to bear on opposite ends of each piece
of timber as it is being presented to the action of the drills, so as to ensure the
holes being made at equal distances from the opposite ends of the timber whatever
its length may be and thus ensure the holes in the several pieces of timber being in
the proper position to receive the dowels.
To facilitate the punching of the holes in the correct position in, and rounding
the ends of the lengths of hoop iron to form the hoops for the casks, I provide on a
bench 143 see Figures 19 and 20 two punching devices or heads 144, 145 one of
which 145 is stationary and the other 144 is capable of being adjusted nearer to or
further from the head 145 according to the length of the strip to be operated on,
by means of a pinion 146 gearing with a rack 147 on the bench 143 or it may be
adjusted by means of a screw or other suitable and convenient means. Each head
is preferably made duplex as shown so as to operate simultaneously on two strips,
but they may be single if desired. Each device contains two punches and one of
the said devices also contains a pair of shearing blades so that two rivet holes are
punched in each end of a strip and one end thereof almost simultaneously rounded
and finished ready to be connected together to form a hoop. The whole of the
punches and shear blades in the two heads are operated from a single shaft 148
carrying worms 149 in gear with worn wheels 149* on each of the cam shafts of
the punching and shearing devices. By means of this machine two strips may be

page_text: simultaneously punched and have their ends rounded whereby a considerable saving
of time is effected and a correct position of the rivet holes is ensured.
The rivetting of the hoops and the hooping of the casks may be effected in the
ordinary or other suitable manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is.
First For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrangement of
parts constituting the machine for entting to the required length and squaring
the ends of blanks or rough pieces of timber to form the staves substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawings.
Second In-n-machine for cross entting blanks or rough-pieces-of-timber-to form
stuves-for-ensks or burrels-the-combination with two-saws-for-simultaneously cutting
hoth-ends-of-n-stave-of-an-endless-ehnin-or-endless-chains-for-feeding-the-blanks
up to the saws, and-weighted-levers-for-holding-the-blanks-down-on-the-table-while
being cut substantially-us-hereinbefore-described with reference-to-Figures-1-and-
of the necompanying drawings.
Third Second For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrange-
ment of parts constituting the machine for jointing or shaping the edges of staves
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 34 and 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fourth Third In a machine for jointing or shaping the edges of staves for casks
or barrels, a suspended table or platform on which the staves are fixed while being
jointed the table having imparted to it a compound longitudinal and vertical motion
between cutters arranged at an angle to the vertical motion of the table, and
adjustable in height to suit staves of different lengths, the angle of the cutters being
also variable to suit staves of different widths substantially as herein before described
with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth Fourth In a machine for jointing or shaping the edges of staves for casks
or barrels the combination with means for centering the staves on the table or
platform, of mechanism for indicating whether or not the cutters are at the proper
angle to suit the width of the staves substantially as hereinbefore described.
Sixth Fifth In a machine for jointing or shaping the edges of stares for casks or
barrels the combination of the levers M acting on the staves at about the centre of
their length to adjust them in position on the table F, a pointer or its equivalent
carried on the centering mechanism and a similar device in connection with the
adjusting mechanism of the cutter spindles to indicate when the cutter spindles are
at the required angle to suit the width of stave substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figures 34 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventh Sieth-For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination of parts
constituting the apparatus for "backing".e. transversely convexing the outer
surface of the staves substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 6, 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighth Seventh-In machines for backing or transversely convexing the back
surfaces of staves, rotating cutters arranged to move while in action transversely
while the staves are moving in a longitudinal direction past the cutters and ineans
for imparting the transverse motion to the cutters substantially as and for the purpose
hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 8 and 8ª of the accompanying
drawings.
Ninth Eighth For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrange-
ment of parts constituting the machine for hollowing or concaving the interior
surfaces of the staves substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Tenth In-machines for hollowing or conearing the inner surfaces of staves-for
enske-a-yielding bed or carrier for feeding the stares through the machine a rotating

page_text: entier-en; nhl-of being raised an 1 lowered out of antinto-operating-position-as-the
staves are travelling longitudinally beneath it and means for effecting-the-raising
and lowering of the cutter at the required; riots substantially-as- and for the
purpose hereinbefore described with reference-to Fiare--and 19 of the auront
janying drawings.
Eleventh In machines for hollowing or coneaving the inner surfaces of stuves
for cash or barrels the combination with--art-or-carrier for the stares of a
rotating cutter-earried-in-a-deer-e-erated-hr- ---#to-eat the waiter to
rise and fall at the required perionis and means for varying the period of the rise
und-fall of the cutter according to the length of the stares to be hollowed substan-
tially a hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 4 and 10 of the necompanying
drawings.
Twelfth Vinth For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrange-
ment of parts constituting the machine for "raising" and partially trussing the
staves substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 11 and 12
of the accompanying drawings.
Thirteenth in apparatus for raising and partially trussing the staves to
formensk -platform-rovided-with-means-for- supporting-hoops-in-which-the
lower-ends of the staves nie-inserted-in-combination-with-an-internally coned and
divided chamber containing other rings or hoops-the-snil-platform-and-conient
chamber being caused-to-up; roach towards each other-so-n to rause--the conical
chamber to embrace-and-bend-inwards-the-upper-ends of the staves-and-puss
thereover-the-hoops-or-rings-earried-by-the-chamber substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference-to-Figures 11 and 12 of the necompanying drawings.
Fourteenth Tenth-For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and
arrangement of parts constituting the machine for trussing the casks substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
Fifteenth In-n-machine-for-trussing-easks-or-barrels-n-fixed-and-a-moveable
head or chamber-or two movable heads-or-chambers-enused to approach towards
each other and provided with hinged drivers or pieces for driving what ure
known-as-bulge" and "quarter" hoops-into-position on the rack-substantially
as hereinbefore-deseribel-with-reference-to-Figares-12-and-11-of-the-nerompanying
drawings.
Sixteenth In a machine for trassing eacks-or-barrels two internally coned-heads
or-chambers provided in the interior with-recesses to contain hoops for placing on
the ends-of-the-ensk- the said chambers-being caused-to-approach towards each other
se-that-the-ends of the cask-are-contracted by the-internally-comed-chambers, and
passed into the hoops-contained in-the-said-chamber-substantially-as-herein before
described-with-reference-to-Figures 14 and 14 of the arcompanying drawings.
Seventeenth Eleventh-For the manufacture of casks or barrels the combination
and arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus for levelling jiggering and
crozing the chimes substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 15 and 16 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighteenth-u-n-machine for levelling jiggering and erozing the-ends-or-chimes
of easks, n-com;ound-rotatory cutter-carried-su- rotating-arm-and-mens-for
giving rapid-rotation to the entter and a slow retury-motion-to-the-carrying
arm-substantially as hereinbefore described with reference-to-the-accompanying
drawings
Nineteenth Twelfth-For the manufacture of casks or barrels the combination
and arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus for bevelling or chamfering the
end or chimes of the cask substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying drawings.
Twentieth-un-machine for bevelling-or-ehamfering the ends or chimes of
ensks n rotating dise carrying-an-adjustable-cutter-or-adjustable-cutters of
suitable-share-and-means for rotating the-dise-substantially as hereinbefore
described-with-reference to Figures 17 and 18 of the-necompanying drawings.

page_text: Twenty-first In combination with--the-subject matter-of-the-last-preceding
elaiming-clause-means for raising and lowering the dise carrying the entter-to-bring
it-into-and-out of operating position-substantially-us-hereinbefore dessribed with
reference-to-Figures 17 and 1 of the necompanying-drawings.
Twenty-second-The-combination-and-arrangement of parts constituting a-machine
for simultaneously punching rivet holes in-the-e; posite-ends-of-strips of hoop in
to form-hoops for casks or barrels +ubstantially-as-hereinbefore-described Hd
illustrated in Figures 19 and 20 of the-necompanying drawings.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.

page_text: Date of Application, 17th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 17th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 23rd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Casks or Barrels.
I GEORGE MILLS of Castor Street West India Dock Road in the County of
Middlesex Cooper do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention has for its object to provide machinery for the manufacture of casks
or barrels whereby casks of various sizes may be made by the same machinery
saving in time labour and material is effected and more perfect junctions of the
parts of a cask is obtained than is the case with cask making machinery hitherto
employed.
The rough timber or blanks of which the staves are to be formed and which are
somewhat longer than is required for the finished staves are cut to the required
length and their ends squared by means of two circular saws mounted on a spindle
or on spindles so as to be capable of being adjusted in position nearer to or further
from each other according to the length of stave required. The blanks are fed up
to the saws by means of endless chains carried on chain pulleys and provided at
suitable distances apart with dogs or projections which as the chains travel over the
surface of bench or table engage the staves near their ends and carry them forward
up to the saws in the proper position to ensure the ends being cut perfectly square
or at right angles to the longitudinal centre line of the blank.
The blanks are prevented from becoming displaced (while being acted on) by
weighted levers which press upon the chain so as to securely hold the blanks in
position against the surface of the table. An adjustable stop or gauge is provided
against which one end of the blank bears when placed in position on the table
to be engaged by the projections on the endless chains the said gauge being
preferably adjusted to such a position that one end of the blank projects beyond
the plane of one of the saws to such an extent that only sufficient of the wood is
removed therefrom to make it square or at a right angle to its length, the surplus
length of the blank being removed from the opposite end by the other saw the
pieces cut off being conducted from the machine by a suitable conduit or shoot.
The blanks cut to the required length and squared at the ends as hereinbefore
described are then jointed that is their edges are shaped so that when trussed the
edges of the staves make perfect contact and a correct form or bulge is given to
the cask.
The blanks to be jointed are placed in position on a moveable support or table
arranged to move between two rotating spindles carrying the cutters the said blanks
being centred in the direction of their width on the moveable table by means of
levers operated by a treadle which when depressed causes the ends of the levers to
move equally on opposite sides of the blank towards the centre and by bearing
against the sides or edges of the blank force it into its correct position in which
position it is retained by suitable clamps carried on the table and made to bear
upon the ends of the blank. In order to construct a correctly formed cask it is
essential that the width of the staves at their centres bear a certain relative pro-
portion to the width at their ends. The angle of the sides of the staves vary
according to the width of the staves and in order to correctly adjust the cutters to
produce the required angle or bevel I provide in connection with the centreing
mechanism a pointer which is moved more or less, when centreing a blank, according
to the width of the blank, so that when a blank is centred the pointer will be
moved to a certain position. Each cutter spindle is mounted at its upper end in a
plummer block carried on a disc fitted to turn on a stud, projecting from a block
which is capable of being adjusted in position crosswise of the machine and also in

page_text: a vertical direction for the purpose of regulating the distance between the two
cutter spindles to suit staves of different lengths. The lower ends of these spindles
are also capable of being adjusted in position to vary the angle of the cutters to
suit staves of different widths.
The adjustment of the position of these spindles may be effected by means of
right and left handed screws or otherwise. To ensure the cutter spindles being
adjusted to the proper position to give the correct bevel to the edges of the staves
there is provided in connection with the adjusting mechanism a pointer which
moves with the spindles when being adjusted and is so arranged with reference to
the pointer connected with the centreing mechanism that when the two pointers
coincide, or are opposite each other the cutters will be in the right position to
produce the correct angle on the edge of the stave. The blank having been
centred and fixed on the table or support as described and the cutter spindles
having been adjusted to the required angle the support or table is set in motion so
as to traverse the blank between the cutters.
The support or table is connected near its ends to the lower extremities of two
links or radius bars the upper ends of which links are connected to blocks capable
of being adjusted in height to suit different lengths of staves to be jointed the said
links being also capable of being altered in length for the like purpose.
The traversing motion of the table or support is effected by means of a screw
working in muts or screwed blocks to which the table is connected by links which
admit of the table being raised and lowered while being moved longitudinally.
The raising and lowering is effected by the varying angle given to the said rods as
the table moves longitudinally the motion of the said table being similar to that of
a parallel rule. The radius bars or rods are so situated with reference to the cutter
spindles that when the cutters commence to operate on the blank the table is in
about its highest position the cutters acting simultaneously on both edges of the
blank so as to reduce its width at the end to the required extent and as the table
moves forward it is gradually lowered by reason of the change in the angle of the
radius bars so that the amount of wood cut away from the edges of the blank is
gradually reduced (in consequence of the change in the angular position of the
cutters) from the end to the centre of the length of the blank at which part the
radius bars are vertical, and the table is consequently in its lowest position. When
the table is in this position the edges of the blank are acted upon by the lower
portions of the cutters which are furthest apart so that only sufficient wood is
removed at this part of the blank to give the required bevel or angle. By the
continued forward movement of the table the angle of the radius bars are again
altered thereby causing the table to be gradually raised so that the amount of wood
removed from the edges of the blank will be gradually increased and the width of
the blank reduced towards the end in the same proportion as it increases from the
other end to the centre thus producing a stave of uniform shape from the centre to
the opposite ends and with edges having the required angle or bevel. The stave
thus jointed is removed from the table and another blank placed in position, it being
centred by means of another treadle situated on the opposite side of the cutters to
that hereinbefore described. If the blank is the same width as that previously
operated on the motion of the table is reversed and the jointing effected as herein-
before described, but if the blank be of a different width which will be indicated
by the pointer in connection with the centreing mechanism it will be necessary to
adjust the angle of the cutter spindles accordingly as herein before described before
reversing the motion of the table. When the apparatus is required to joint staves
of a different length the length of the radius rods must be altered and the blocks
to which their upper ends are attached be correspondingly raised or lowered as
required.
The staves after being jointed are "backed" that is curved or convexed
transversely on their outer sides. It is necessary that the transverse convexity of
the staves gradually increase in sharpness from the centre to the opposite ends and
in order to effect this I provide an apparatus having two cutters arranged to move

page_text: towards and from the longitudinal centre line of the stave the said cutters being
caused to cross each other at the said centre so as to ensure no rib being left along
the centre of the stave. The staves are fed endwise up to the action of the cutters
by means of an endless travelling chain on which the staves are placed the said
chain being provided at suitable distances apart with dogs or projections which
engage the outer ends of the staves and carry them forward towards the cutters.
The staves are supported on weighted leavers arranged on opposite sides of the
chain which levers yield to any inequality in the surface of the staves other
weighted levers being also provided which act on the sides of the staves to keep
then in position as they are moving up to the cutters. The cutters may be moved
towards and from each other by any suitable mechanism such for example as right
and left handed screws caused to operate in unison with the feeding mechanism so
as to effect the forward and backward motions of the cutters at the proper time to
give the required curvature whatever may be the length of the stave.
The staves after being backed are hollowered on their opposite or inner sides
which hollowing is effected by means of a cutter or cutters, carried on the end of a
lever operated by a cam so as to bring the cutter into proper position according to
the thickness of the staves. The staves are fed into position to be operated on by
the cutter by means of an endless chain in a manner similar to that described with
reference to the backing mechanism the stave being kept in position whilst being
operated on by weighted levers as hereinbefore described. It is essential that a portion
of each end of a stave he left without being hollowed and in order to commence and
discontinue the hollowing operation at the requisite periods the cam which operates
the lever carrying the cutter is so timed with reference to the motion of the feeding
chain that the cutter will be lowered into and raised out of its operating position
at the requisite periods of the traversing motion of the said feeding chain to effect
the hollowing only at the part where required.
The cam surface which acts on the lever may be attached to a carrying disc by
screws or other suitable means so as to be capable of being readily removed and
replaced by another according to the degree of hollowing required. To render the
apparatus capable of hollowing staves of various lengths the cam shaft and the
parts connected therewith may be readily removed from its bearings and replaced
by another suited to the length of staves to be operated on.
The staves after being hollowed are ready for trussing and to properly arrange
or raise the staves previous to the trussing operation provide a bench or table
having a scale marked thereon to indicate the space required to be occupied by the
staves (when laid side by side) necessary to form a cask of a certain size. The
staves which may be of various widths are laid on this bench so as to all the
required space after which they are placed in the raising apparatus which consists
of two parts an upper movable part and a lower stationary part (or vice versa). The
lower part consists of a table or platform provided with brackets or projection to
support trussing hoops or rings in which the staves are arranged in a circle the
lower ends of the said staves resting on the platform and bearing against a circular
projection thereon so as to retain them in position. The upper part of the apparatus
is in the form of an inverted hollow cone and is made in two parts hinged together
so as to admit of trussing hoops being placed in annular grooves provided in the
interior for their reception through which hoops the upper ends of the staves pass
when the upper and lower parts of the apparatus are moved toward each other the
staves being thus partly trussed or held together by these hoops which are
technically known as bulge hoops and quarter hoops.
Either one or both the upper and lower parts of the apparatus may be movable
and may be operated by hydraulic power screws or other suitable means.
When the staves are thus partly trussed the two parts of the apparatus are
separated and the partly formed cask removed therefrom and placed in another,
apparatus by which the bulge rings and quarter rings are driven further along the
staves and head rings are forced on to the ends of the staves so as to complete the
trussing. This apparatus consists of two hollow cones arranged face to face and

page_text: capable of being slidden in suitable guides towards and from each other by means
of right and left handed screws hydraulic power or other suitable means. The
partially trussed cask is placed in position between these hollow cones so that as
they move towards each other hinged lugs thereon come first into contact with the
quarter hoops and drive them further onto the staves after which other hinged lugs
act on the bulge hoops and force them further towards the centre of the length of
the staves which are thereby forced closer together and permit of their ends
entering end hoops placed in position on the cones before the partly trussed cask is
placed in the apparatus. The head or end hoops being forced onto the ends of the
staves effectually close the joints between them and the trussing is complete after
which the cones are withdrawn from each other and the trussed cask removed.
If desired one only of the hollow cones may be movable and the other fixed.
will be understood that before submitting the staves to the raising and trussing
operations the staves are fired in the usual manner to permit of them being bent or
set as required.
It
The partially formed cask after being trussed is placed in another apparatus by
which the bevelling hollowing and crozing or grooving of the ends or chimes are
simultaneously effected.
The partially formed cask is placed in a vertical position on the platform of the
apparatus against adjustable stops which ensure the said cask being held in the
correct position to be operated on by the cutting tools. The cutters are carried on
a block secured to one end of an arin capable of being rotated on a centre the said
arm being provided with driving straps suitably arranged to impart the necessary
rotary motion to the cutters as the arm rotates. The platform carrying the cask
may be raised by hydraulic or other power so as to bring the upper end of the cask
into position to be operated on by the cutting device. The cutters are held to the
work by a spring carried on the cutter block or arm and bearing against the outer
surface of the cask.
The cutters are so shaped and arranged that when the arm is rotated they
simultaneously act so as to bevel the edge of the chime cut an annular recess
or hollow at the part where the head is inserted and also "croze" or cut the annular
groove for the reception of the head. If desired the bevelling of the chimes may
be effected by a separate apparatus having a cutter carried on a rotating disc and
acting as a rotating plane to bevel the chimes or if desired instead of the rotating
combined cutters previously described the bevelling hollowing out and crozing
cutters may be mounted on a rotating disc to act after the manner of planes. When
one end or chime of the partly formed cask is completed the platform is lowered
and the cask reversed after which the platform is again elevated so as to bring the
then upper end of the cask into position to be acted on by the cutting device in
the manner herein before described or if desired the platform may be stationary and
the cutter holder be capable of being raised and lowered as required.
The heads may be placed in the ends and the cask finished in the usual or other
suitable manner. For drilling the dowel holes in the pieces of timber of which the
heads are made I employ in connection with a pair of drills means for centreing the
pieces of timber so that the dowel holes shall be at equal distances from the ends of
the said pieces whatever may be their length.
The centreing device consists of weighted levers the ends of which bear upon
the opposite ends of the piece to be drilled and so force it into a central position
to be presented to the action of the drills.
To facilitate the punching of the holes in the correct positions in, and rounding
the ends of, the lengths of hoop iron which form the hoops for the casks I provide
on a bench or table two or more combined punching and shearing devices capable
of being adjusted to and fixed at any required distance apart according to the
lengths of iron to be punched each device being provided preferably with two
punches for punching two holes simultaneously in each end of the hoop iron.
The two punching devices are connected together by gearing so that they operate
on the two opposite ends of the hoop iron so as to round and punch the holes in

page_text: the two ends almost simultaneously whereby a great saving of time is effected and
the correct position of the rivet holes is ensured.
The rivetting of the hoops and the hooping of the casks may be effected in the
ordinary or other suitable manner.
Dated 17th day of June 1890.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Manufacturing Casks or Barrels.
I GEORGE MILLS of Castor Street West India Dock Road in the County of
Middlesex Cooper do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention has for its object to provide machinery for the manufacture of
casks or barrels whereby casks or barrels of various sizes may be made by the
same machines, saving in time labour and material effected, and more perfect
junction of the parts of a cask is obtained than is the case with cask making
machines hitherto employed.
I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 of which is a side sectional elevation and Figure 2 an end view of a cross
cutting machine for cutting the blanks or rough pieces of timber to the required
length for the finished staves, and for squaring their ends. Figure 3 is a sectional
side elevation and Figure 4 an end view of the jointing machine, and Figure 44 is a
side view and a plan of a cutter block for use in the jointer. Figure 5 is a side
elevation of part of the jointing machine shewing more clearly the mechanism for
adjusting the position of the staves and cutters. Figures 6 and 7 are respectively
a longitudinal section and a plan of the machine for backing or curving transversely
the outer surface of the staves Figure 8 a transverse section of the same and
Figure 84 is an elevation and plan of a modified arrangement of the cutters therefor.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the machine for hollowing or concaving the
inner surface of the staves. Figure 10 is a plan of the same. Figures 11 and 12
are respectively an elevation and a plan view of the "setter up or machine in
which the staves to form a cask are packed together in rings or hoops in readiness
to be trussed and Figures 13 and 14 are respectively a longitudinal sectional
elevation and a transverse section of the trussing machine. Figure 15 is a vertical
section and Figure 16 a plan of a combined bevelling "jiggering" and grooving or
erozing machine Figure 17 is a side elevation of the bevelling or chamfering
machine and Figure 18 are views of the cutter detached. Figures 19 and 20 are
respectively a front elevation and transverse section of a machine for cutting and
punching the rivet holes in the opposite ends of the hoop iron bands for forming the
hoops for casks.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 A A³ are two circular saws mounted on short
spindles carried in bearings a on carriages beach capable of being raised and
lowered as required, so as to bring the same into and out of operating position, by
means of a worm which gears with a worm wheel d on a screwed spindle e
working in a nut on the carriage. These carriages slide on guides in or on
pillars one of which () is bolted or otherwise secured to the bed or base whilst
the other one () is capable of being adjusted nearer to or further from the other g
(to suit staves of different lengths) by means of a screw i working in a nut or female
thread formed in or attached to the bottom of the pillar. Each of the pillars g
and is provided at its upper end with a table or platform k to which are bolted
respectively brackets carrying shafts mm² having keyed thereon chain
wheels nnnn round which pass endless chains B. The wheels n n² may he'

page_text: driven, as shewn, by a strap from any suitable prime mover, passing round the
drum or pulley o on the shaft m² or by a worm and worm wheel or in any other
suitable and convenient manner. The saws A A2 are driven by separate straps
passing round the pulleys pp² fast on the saw spindles. The chain wheels n n² at
one side of the machine are capable of sliding along their spindle with the pillar g²
when being adjusted to suit staves of different lengths. Attached to the ends of
the tables or platforms at which the blanks or rough pieces of timber are fed into
the machine are inclined spring surfaces upon which the blanks are placed one at a
time one end of the blank being made to abut against an adjustable stop or gauge
which regulates the amount of material to be removed from this end of the blank.
The endless chains B are provided at suitable distances apart with dogs or
projections C which when the machine is at work engage the blanks placed in
position on the spring supports or surfaces and carry them forward up to the
saws A A²
The two chains B work uniformly and the dogs or projections are arranged
thereon so that the blanks are traversed up to the saws truly parallel, so that the
surplus material severed from the blank will leave its ends perfectly square or at
right angles to the centre line of the blank. The blanks are prevented from
becoming displaced while being operated on by the saws, by means of weighted
levers D D and D2 D2 mounted loosely on the shafts which carry the chain wheels.
These levers have each attached to its lower end a stud E provided with pulleys s
which bear on the lower portions of the chains and press the blanks down on to
the surface of the tables or platforms over which they travel.
The amount of material severed from the blank by the saw A will depend upon
the distance the gauge is made to project from the bracket and is preferably
arranged so that only just sufficient material is removed to square this end of the
blank whilst the main superfluous portion is removed by the saw, A from the
opposite end of the blank. The blanks as they are thus cross cut are delivered by
the chains from the opposite end of the machine and the portions severed therefrom
are conducted from the machine by a suitable shoot or conduit.
F
The blanks thus ent to the required length are next "jointed" that is they have
their edges bevelled or shaped as required according to the size of the cask to be
made. The "jointing" machine is illustrated by Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the
drawings. Each blank or rough stave is placed on a reciprocating table or support
and is held in position thereon by clamps G centered at H to the table F.
These clamps carry at their upper ends swivelling nuts I in which work right and
left handed screws formed on a spindle K provided at its opposite ends with hand
wheels L L by which the spindle may be rotated from either end. The ends of
the stave bear against stops or abutment pieces which are adjustable in position
to suit staves of different lengths, the clamps G being also adjustable in position on
the table F for the like purpose. The stave is correctly centered or adjusted in
position on the table or support in the direction of its width by means of levers M
carried on spindles N arranged on opposite sides of the table and mounted in
bearings u on the frame of the machine the levers being fixed on the spindles in a
position to bear on the opposite sides of the stave midway between its opposite
ends when the table is in position to receive a stave. The machine illustrated is
designed to act on a fresh rough blank or stave at each reciprocation of the table
and consequently a set of centreing levers and spindles are provided at each end of
the machine. The spindles of each pair are geared together by segments and
are turned in their bearings by means of a treadle O connected by a rod w to an
arm fast on one of the said spindles so that when this treadle is depressed
a simultaneous partial rotation will be imparted to both spindles causing
the upper ends of the levers M on each side of the machine to move equally
towards each other and by pressing against the opposite sides of the blank at the
centre of its length force it into its correct central position on the table, in which
position it is retained by turning the spindle K so as to cause the nuts thereon to
approach each other and thereby force the clamps G onto the ends of the blank,

page_text: The table F is connected at or near its opposite ends by rods or radius bars P
to blocks which are capable of being raised and lowered as required in guides R
by means of screws S according to the length of the staves to be jointed the rods P
being also if desired adjustable in length (as shewn) for the same purpose.
The table F is traversed to and fro between inclined spindles T carrying the
cutters T which are driven at a high speed by bands passing round the pulleys T³.
The cutters T act simultaneously on the two opposite edges of blank secured on
the table.
For jointing staves that are of uniform thickness throughout their length the
cutting edges of the cutters T2 are parallel to the spindle T but staves that are
thicker at their ends than in the middle require the angle of the edges at the ends
to be different to the angle on the thinner portions so that when trussed the joints
throughout the whole length of the staves will be close. To produce this difference
in the angle on the edges of the staves the edges of the cutting blades are parallel
to the spindle for a portion of their length to operate on the thinner portions of the
staves the other part of the cutting edges being at an angle to the spindle to operate
on the thicker parts of the staves.
Each cutter blade for this purpose may be made in two parts as shewn in
Figure 44, the angled portion being made in one piece and the parallel part in
another piece.
The traversing motion is given to the table F by means of a screw U mounted
in bearings y in the frame of the machine and working in an internally screwed
block or nut V connected by a rod or link W to the table F. The screw U is
rotated by means of a worm wheel X fast on the outer end thereof and gearing
with a worm Y on a shaft Z mounting in bearings on the frame of the machine and
carrying fast and loose pulleys 1 driven by a strap or band from any suitable prime
mover.
=
As the table is being moved longitudinally it also receives a rising and
falling motion by reason of its connection with the radius bars or rods P and is
guided in its up and down motions on brackets 2 which, slide with the table
in its longitudinal movements on the bars 3 of the frame of the machine. The
radius bars or rods are so situated with reference to the cutter spindles T that
when the cutters T commence to operate on the blank, the table F is in about its
highest position (as shown on the right hand side of Figure 3) the cutters acting
simultaneously on both edges of the blank 4 so as to reduce its width at the end
to the required extent. As the table F moves forward it is gradually lowered by
reason of the change in the angle of the radius bars so that the amount of wood
cut away from the edges of the blank is gradually reduced (in consequence of the
angular position of the cutters) from the end to the centre of the length of the
blank by which time the table F will have traversed one half of its full stroke
and the radius bars K will be vertical consequently the table will be in its lowest
position. When the table is in this position the edges of the blank are acted upon
by the lower portions of the cutters which lower parts, in consequence of the
angular arrangement of the cutter spindles, are further apart than are the upper
parts whereby only sufficient wood is removed from the centre part of the blank to
give the required bevel or angle. By the continued movement of the table the angle
of the radius bars is again altered in the reverse direction thereby causing the
table F to be gradually raised so that the width of the blank is reduced from the
centre towards the end in the same proportion as it increases from the other end to
the centre, thus producing a stave of uniform shape from the centre to the opposite
ends and with edges having the required angle or bevel.
The stave thus jointed is removed from the table and another blank placed in
position it being centred by means of the treadle O situated at the opposite end of
the machine to that from which the table had moved.
If the blank is the same width as that previously operated on the motion of the
table is reversed and the jointing effected as hereinbefore described, but if the blank

page_text: be of a different width and as the angle or bevel of the sides of the staves require to
be varied according to the width it is necessary to alter the angle of the cutters
accordingly. In order to correctly adjust the cutters to produce the required angle
or bevel on the staves I provide in connection with the centreing mechanism
hereinbefore described means for indicating when the cutters are properly adjusted.
On one of the spindles N which carry the centreing levers M is an arm 5 carrying
a pointer 6 which is moved more or less, when centreing a blank, according to the
width of the blank so that when a blank of a certain width is centred the pointer 6
will be moved into a certain position. Casks of large size require the angles on the
edges of the staves to be less acute than on the staves of small casks and in order
to vary the angle as required, each cutter spindle T is mounted at its upper end in
a plummer block 7 carried on a disc 8 fitted to turn on a stud projecting from a
block 9 so as to admit of the angle of the cutter spindles being varied as
required.
The blocks 7 are adjusted in position crosswise of the machine for the purpose
of regulating the distance between the two cutter spindles to suit staves for
different sized casks and to facilitate the proper adjustment of these blocks a
scale may be marked on the frame to indicate when the blocks are in the correct
position. The lower ends of the cutter spindles are also mounted in plummer
blocks 10 capable of being adjusted in position in a similar manner to the blocks 7
to vary the angle of the cutters to suit staves of different widths. The adjustment
of the position of these spindles may be effected by means of right and left handed
screws as shewn or otherwise.
In connection with the sliding block 12 which carries the plummer block 10 is a
pointer 13 which moves with the block when the angle of the cutter spindles are
being adjusted and is so arranged with reference to the pointer 6 connected with
the centreing mechanism that when the two pointers coincide or are opposite cach
other the cutters will be in position to produce the correct angle on the edges of
the stave.
The blank which has been jointed is removed from the table and another
blank is centred and fixed on the table after which the cutter spindles are adjusted
in position (if not already in the proper position which will be indicated by the
pointer in connection with the centreing mechanism as hereinbefore described) and
the motion of the table is reversed. When the apparatus is required to joint
staves of a different length the length of the radius rods 1' must be altered and
the blocks to which their upper ends are attached be correspondingly raised or
lowered as required by means of the hand wheel 15 and the gearing 16.
The blocks 9 carrying the upper bearings 7 of the cutter spindles are also
adjusted to the required position by means of a handle 1× fitted to a shaft 2×
carrying a worm 3x which gears with a worm wheel 4 keyed on the right and
left hand screw spindle 11 so that by turning the handle 1x in the required direction
the distance between the cutter spindles T may be adjusted as required according
to the length of the staves to be operated on.
In order to prevent the blocks 9 being moved from the position to which they
have been adjusted for staves of a certain length the spindle which rotates the
worm 3× is connected thereto so that it may be readily removed to prevent the
worm being rotated. The staves after being jointed, are "backed" that is they
have their outer surfaces curved or convexed transversely and this I effect in the
machine illustrated by Figures 6, 7, 8 and 8 of the drawings. It is necessary that
the transverse convexity of the staves gradually increase in sharpness from the
centre of their length to their ends and in order to effect this provide two blocks
or sleeves 17 and 18 each carrying two cutters 19 and 20 arranged to move
towards and from the longitudinal centre line of the stave as it is being operated
on the said cutters being caused to cross each other at the centre line of the stave
so as to ensure no rib being left along the centre thereof. The sleeves 17 and 18
are fitted to slide along: but to rotate with a shaft 21 driven from any suitable

page_text: prime mover by a strap passing round the pulley 22. Or as shewn in Figure 8
there is fixed on the spindle or shaft 21 a cutter * and on opposite sides thereof
is fitted on the shaft, a cutter 19, 20 arranged to slide over the ends of the cutter *
so as to prevent the formation of ribs on the staves. The staves are fed endwise
up to the action of the cutters by means of an endless travelling chain 23 carried
on chain pulleys 24, 25 and provided at suitable distances apart with dogs or
projections 24 which engage the outer ends of the staves placed on the chain and
carry them forward towards the cutter. The staves are supported on opposite
sides of the chain 23 by weighted lever 25× which levers yield to any inequality
in the surface of the staves while being operated on by the cutters, and press the
staves against a short upper bearing surface 20*, other levers 26 being also
provided which bear on the opposite sides or edges of the staves to keep them in
central position as they are moving up to the cutters, and to prevent the outer end
of the stave dropping while being fed up to the cutters it is supported by a
weighted lever 24** which bears upon the underside of the chain 23, a similar
weighted bifurcated lever 23** being provided to support the forward end of the
stave as it is leaving the cutters. The levers 26 are fast on the upper ends of
vertical spindles 26, these spindles 26× on opposite sides of the machine are
geared together by segments 25** so that both sets of levers receive equal and
simultaneous motions to maintain the staves in their central position in their
movement through the machine. At the feeding end of the machine the pair of
levers 26 are caused to open out at suitable intervals to enable the staves to be
fed between them. To effect this opening out or separation of the said levers
there is provided on one of the spindles 26* carrying the levers 26 an armi 26**
which is connected to one end of a rod 27**. This rod is supported at its opposite
end in a guide eye 28** and is provided with an adjustable projection 29×× which
at each revolution of the wheel 25 is acted on by a tappet or projection 30××
thercon so as to move the rod 27×× in a longitudinal direction and thereby through
When the
the arm 26** effect the opening out or separation of the levers 26.
projection 30** has left the projection 29xx the levers are caused to close and bear
with equal pressure on the opposite sides or edges of the staves placed between
them and thereby ensure the staves being placed in a truly central position on the
chain 23.
The pressure of the levers 26 against the staves is obtained by weights 27*
connected by cords or the like 28* to arms 29× fast on the spindles 26*. The
cutters 19 and 20 have curved cutting edges and are moved towards and from each
other by any suitable mechanism such for example as right and left handed screws
caused to operate in unison with the feeding mechanism so as to effect at the
proper times the forward and backward motions of the sleeves 17 and 18 carrying
the cutters to give the required curvature to the stave whatever may be its length.
Or the movement of the cutters may be effected by providing each of the sleeves,
on which the cutters are mounted, with a groove as shewn, in which groove
an arm 28 fixed to a piece 29 fitted to slide in guides 30 on the frame of the
machine. The piece 29 carries also another arm 31 which is engaged by a ring or
flange on a drum 33 fast on a shaft 32 so that when the shaft 32 is rotated the
ring on the drum 33 acting on the arm 31 imparts to the sleeve the required to and
fro motions to cause the cutters 19 and 20 to give to the staves the required
convexity.
works
The shaft or spindle 21 carrying the cutters is adjustable in height to suit staves
of different thickness the blocks 34 carrying the spindle being arranged to slide in
guides 35 and operated by screws rotated by gearing 36 and land wheel 37.
To enable the machine to operate on staves of different lengths the speed of
rotation of the cam drum 33 relatively to the traverse of the endless chain 23 may
be varied as required by varying the size of either or both of the wheels 38 and 39
by which the drum 33 is driven from the spindle or shaft 40 carrying the chain
wheel 24.

page_text: The staves after being backed are hollowed or concaved on their inner sides which
hollowing is effected in the machine illustrated in Figures 9 & 10.
The staves are supported and fed up to the cutters in this machine by similar
means to those employed in the backing machine last described but the cutters
which have no transverse motions are carried on a spindle 41 mounted in bearings
in arms 42 fast on a spindle 43 turning in bearings 44 on the frame of the machine.
Fast on the spindle 43 is a lever 45 the outer end of which carries an adjustable
friction bowl 46 kept in contact, by a weight 47, with a cam 48 by which the
cutter is brought into position to operate on the staves and raised out of operating
position at the required periods. The staves are held down on a short bed 22**
whilst being operated on by the cutters by means of a weighted lever 49 fast on a
spindle 50 mounted in bearings 51 on the frame of the machine and carrying feet
or pressers 52 which bear upon the stave to keep it in position as it passes the
cutter.
It is essential for some casks that a portion of each end of the staves be left
thicker than the central portion and in order to commence and discontinue the
hollowing operation at the requisite periods the cam 48 which operates the lever 45
for raising and lowering the cutter is so timed with reference to the motion of the
feeding chain 23 that the cutter will be lowered into and raised out of its operating
position at the requisite periods of the traversing motion of the said feeding chain
to effect the hollowing at the parts where required.
The cam surface 48 which acts on the lever 45 is attached to a carrying disc by
screws or other suitable means so as to be capable of being readily removed and
replaced by another cam surface, according to the extent of hollowing required.
To render the apparatus capable of hollowing staves of various lengths the cam
shaft 49 and the parts connected therewith may be readily removed from its
bearings and replaced by another provided with parts suited to the length of staves
to be operated on.
The staves after being hollowed are properly arranged on a bench or table
having a scale marked thereon to indicate the space required to be occupied by the
staves (when laid side by side) necessary to form a cask of a certain size. The
staves which may be of various widths are laid on this bench so as to fill the
required space after which they are placed in the raising or setting up apparatus
illustrated in Figures 11 and 12. This apparatus consists of two principal
parts viz. a lower movable part and an upper stationary part (or vice versa). The
lower part consists of a table or platform 50x provided with brackets or
projection 51 to support a hoop or ring 52× in which the staves are arranged in a
circle the lower ends of the said staves resting on the platform 50* and surrounded
by a hoop 59 their inner faces bearing against a circular projection 53 on the said
platform so as to retain them in position. The table 50x is connected to the
plunger of a hydraulic ram or pump by which it is raised and lowered as required.
The upper stationary part of the apparatus is of conical form internally and is
divided vertically into two parts 54, 55 hinged together at 56 so as to be capable
of being opened out to adinit of the introduction of hoops 52* and 59 in annular
grooves 57 provided in the interior for their reception. When the staves to form a
cask are arranged in proper order in the lower rings or hoops 52* and 59 the
table 50 is raised by hydraulic power as shewn (or by screws or other convenient
means) and as it rises the upper ends of the staves 60 are caused to enter the
conical mouth 58 of the upper part of the apparatus by which the said upper ends
are contracted or drawn together and by the continued rising of the table passed
through the upper hoops 52 and 59 placed in the recesses 57 the staves being thus
partly trussed are held together by the hoops 52 and 59 which are technically
known respectively as bulge hoops and quarter hoops. The upper part of the
apparatus is then opened, the table 50% lowered and the partly trussed cask
removed therefrom and fired and then placed in another apparatus to complete
the trussing. This apparatus is illustrated by Figures 13 and 14 and consists of

page_text: two hollow cones or heads 60%, 61 arranged face to face either or both of which
heads may be arranged to slide in suitable guides towards and from each other by
means of right and left handed screws, hydraulic power or other suitable means.
In the drawings I have shewn the head 61 as stationary and the head 60* moveable
along guides 62 and operated by hydraulic power. The heads 60 and 61 are each
provided round their peripheries with hinged thrust pieces 63 other thrust pieces 64
being also hinged round the outer circumference of the heads which former thrust
pieces (63) when turned into operating position project through openings 65 in the
said heads. In the interior of the heads are recesses for the reception of rings or
hoops 66 to be forced on to the opposite ends of the cask being made. The partly
trussed cask having been removed from the setting up machine and fired in the
usual manner is placed in position between the two heads 60 and 61 (in which
have been inserted two head hoops) and supported on the thrust pieces 64* the
other thrust pieces 64 being then placed in operating position so that when the
head 60 moves forward the front ends of these thrust pieces press against
the bulge hoops and force them into position along the staves; after which the
head is withdrawn slightly and thrust pieces 64 and 64* thrown out of operating
position and the thrust pieces 63 turned into operating position so as to cause them
to force the quarter hoops into position when the head 60x is next moved forward
after which the head is again withdrawn and the thrust pieces 63 are thrown out of
operating position. The staves are thus contracted or drawn closer together at
their ends so that by the next forward motion of the head 60× the ends of the
staves will enter the head hoops 66 placed in the heads 60× 61, which hoops being
thus forced onto the ends of the staves the trussing is completed. The head 60* is
then withdrawn, and the trussed cask removed andagain fired to set the staves.
The partially formed cask after it is trussed is taken to the apparatus
illustrated by Figures 15 and 16 by which the simultaneous levelling jigging or
hollowing and the crozing or grooving of the ends or chimes of the cask are
effected. The partially formed cask is placed in a vertical position on the
platform 67 against stops 68 and is held in proper position to be operated on by
the cutters by a screw clamp 69 carried by a pivotted or swinging arm 70. The
table carrying the cask may be raised and lowered by hydraulic power screws levers
or other suitable means. I have shewn a screw arrangement for the purpose. The
cutting tool consists of a compound cutter comprising a circular saw 71 for levelling
the edge, curved cutting blades 72 for jigging or cutting the hollow in the chime
and the narrow cutting blades 73 for crozing or cutting the groove in the hollow to
receive the head of the cask. This compound cutting tool is screwed to a spindle 74
mounted in bearings 75 on a block 76 carried on a rotatable arm 77 by which the
cutter is caused to travel round the interior of the end of the cask. The compound
cutter is driven at a high speed from the main driving shaft 78 by a strap 79 passing
round the pulley 80 thence over pulleys 81 carried on studs on the frame 82 and
thence round a pulley 83 fast on the upper end of a spindle 84 mounted in
bearings 83 in the frame 82. The spindle 84 passes through a sleeve 85 which is
connected to the arm 77. On the lower end of the spindle 84 is a pulley 84× by
which rotation is given through a strap 86 to a short spindle 87 mounted in bearings
in the arm 77. The spindle 87 carries a pulley 88 round which passes a strap 89
which also passes round a pulley 90 on the cutter spindle 74 and also round pulley's 91
and 92 carried on a frame or jointed arms 93 by which the spindles 87 and 74 are
connected, so that the spindle 74 may be moved nearer to or further from the
spindle 87 to suit different diameters of casks without altering the tension of the
strap 89. While the compound cutting tool is revolving the end of the arm 77
carrying the cutter is caused to rotate slowly round the cask the cutter being kept
up to its work in the chime by a spring 90* interposed between the block 76 and the
end of arm 77. A swivelling piece 91* is carried on the block 76 and caused to
bear on the exterior of the edge of the cask which swivelling piece is adjustable
nearer to or further from the cutter so as to regulate as required the depth of cut

page_text: *
according to the thickness of the staves. The sleeve 85 which is attached to the arm 77
is mounted in bearings 92 in the frame of the machine and has keyed thereon a
worm wheel 93 with which gears a worm 94 on a shaft 95 mounted in bearings 96.
The shaft 95 is rotated from the main shaft 78 by a strap passing round the
pulleys 97 and 98 so that through the worm 94 and worm wheel 93 a slow rotary
motion is given to the arm 77 thereby causing the cutter while rotating at a high
speed to travel round and finish the end of the cask. When one end of the cask is
finished the cutter may be moved out of operating position by turning by means of
the handle 98 the spindle 99, which spindle imparts through the gearing 100 rotation
to a screw 101 on which is screwed the swivelling piece 91* which bears against the
exterior of the cask so that by turning the screw in the direction to force the
piece 91 away from the cask the cutter is forced by the spring 90* away from its
work so as to enable the cask to be removed. The table may then be lowered and
the cask turned upside down and fixed in position for the opposite and now upper
end to be operated on by the cutter. 1 have shewn in the drawing an arrangement
for raising and lowering the table by means of a screw but it is obvious that it may
be operated by hydraulic or other power. The screw 102 turns in bearings
on the frame of the machine and works in a nut or internal screw thread in the
table 67 which will be raised or lowered according to the direction in which the
screw 102 is rotated. The screw carries at its upper end a bevel wheel 103 in gear
with a corresponding wheel 104 fast on a short shaft or spindle 105 on which is also
fixed a worm wheel 106 gearing with a worn 107 on a shaft 108 which is driven
from any convenient source of power by two straps passing round a pulley 109 fast
on the said shaft. On opposite sides of the pulley 109 are mounted loosely on the
spindle 108 two pulleys 110 and 111 onto which the two driving straps are shifted
when the table is at rest. 112 is a strap shifter connected to one arm of a bell
crank lever 113 to the other arm of which lever is connected the upper end of a
rod 114 extending downwards through a hole in the table. When the table with
the cask thereon is to be raised the strap shifter 112 is moved by means of the
handle 115 so as to move the strap 115 onto the pulley 109 thereby rotating the
screw 102 (through the gearing hereinbefore described) in the direction to raise
the table which when elevated to the required height comes against a stop 116 on
the rod 114 causing the said rod to rise and through the bell crank lever attached
thereto shift the strap 115* from the pulley 109 onto the loose pulley 110 and
thereby stop the motion of the table. To lower the table the strap shifter is moved
by means of the handle 115 so as to shift the crossed strap 117 onto the pulley 109
thereby rotating the screw in the reverse direction. When the table has descended
to the required extent it comes into contact with another stop 118 on the rod 114 so
as to automatically shift the strap 117 onto the loose pulley 111 and thereby stop
the motion of the table. The stops 116 and 118 on the rod 114 are adjustable in
position to regulate the extent of motion of the table to suit different sized casks to
be operated on. When one end of the cask has been operated on in this machine
the cask is turned upside down as hereinbefore described but as a certain amount
of wood has been removed from the end of the cask it becomes necessary to raise
the table higher than before to bring the other end of the cask into position to be
operated on by the cutters. This may be effected by raising the stop 116 on the
rod 114 so that the table when rising will not come into contact therewith so soon
as before, or it may be effected by placing a removeable block of the required
thickness on the table as at 119 to come into contact with the stop 116 when the
first end of the cask is being operated on, which block may be removed when the
cask is reversed.
If desired a cutting blade may be combined with the compound cutter hereinbefore
described for simultaneously bevelling the chimes, but I prefer to employ a separato
machine for this purpose which is illustrated in Figures 17 and 18.
One or more cutters 120 of suitable form to cut the desired bevel on the chimes
is or are fixed in position on a disc 121 fast on the lower end of a shaft or spindle 122.

page_text: This shaft or spindle is free to slide in sleeves or collars 123 and caused to rotate
therewith in bearings 124. The sleeves 123 are rotated by bevel gearing 125 from
a shaft 126 carrying fast and loose pulleys round which passes a driving strap from
any suitable source of power and transmits rotation through the sleeves to the
disc 121. The longitudinal movement of the spindle 122 to bring the cutter disc
and cutter into and out of operating position is effected by means of a nut 127
fitting a screw thread on a spindle 128 which spindle is prevented from rotating by
a projection in the bearing 129 entering a groove in the said spindle. This spindle
is connected to the spindle or shaft 122 by a pin and groove or in any other suitable
manner that will admit of the latter rotating independently of the spindle 128. The
nut 127 is formed in a bevel wheel with which gears a corresponding wheel 129* on
a shaft 130 driven from any suitable source by straps 131 passing round the
pulleys 132, by which the nut 127 may be rotated in the direction to raise or lower
the cutter as required by shifting one or other of the straps 131 on to the fast
pulley 133, by means of the handle 134 connected to the strap shifter 135 by the
rod 136 and bell crank lever 137. The ascent and descent of this cutter may be
automatically stopped by projections on the screwed spindle 128 arranged to come
into contact with a stop on a bar 137* attached to the bell crank lever 137 so as to
shift the straps onto the loose pulleys at the required periods. The bracket 138
carrying the operating mechanism may be adjusted in height to suit casks of
different sizes by means of gearings 139 operated by a hand wheel 140 so as to
rotate the screw 141 working in a nut or internal screw thread in the bracket 138.
142 is a handle in connection with the strap shifter for starting and stopping the
rotation of the cutter disc 121, and 121× is a hand wheel for raising and lowering
the cutter disc by hand through the gearing 122.
When one end of the cask is bevelled or chamfered the cutter is raised and the
cask reversed and secured in position to be bevelled at the opposite end and when
finished may have the heads fitted and hooped in the usual manner. The cask-is
supported and held in position while being operated on, in the same or similar way
as in the machine last described. For making the heads for the casks, I employ in \
connection with a pair of drills for drilling the dowel holes in the timber of which
the heads are composed, weighted centering levers arranged (after the manner of
the centering levers in the jointing machine) to bear on opposite ends of each piece
of timber as it is being presented to the action of the drills, so as to ensure the
holes being made at equal distances from the opposite ends of the timber whatever
its length may be and thus ensure the holes in the several pieces of timber being in
the proper position to receive the dowels.
To facilitate the punching of the holes in the correct position in, and rounding
the ends of the lengths of hoop iron to form the hoops for the casks, I provide on a
bench 143 see Figures 19 and 20 two punching devices or heads 144, 145 one of
which 145 is stationary and the other 144 is capable of being adjusted nearer to or
further from the head 145 according to the length of the strip to be operated on,
by means of a pinion 146 gearing with a rack 147 on the bench 143 or it may be
adjusted by means of a screw or other suitable and convenient means. Each head
is preferably made duplex as shown so as to operate simultaneously on two strips,
but they may be single if desired. Each device contains two punches and one of
the said devices also contains a pair of shearing blades so that two rivet holes are
punched in each end of a strip and one end thereof almost simultaneously rounded
and finished ready to be connected together to form a hoop. The whole of the
punches and shear blades in the two heads are operated from a single shaft 148
carrying worms 149 in gear with worm wheels 149 on each of the cam shafts of
the punching and shearing devices. By means of this machine two strips may be
simultaneously punched and have their ends rounded whereby a considerable saving
of time is effected and a correct position of the rivet holes is ensured.
The rivetting of the hoops and the hooping of the casks may be effected in the
ordinary or other suitable manner.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is.
First For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrangement of
parts constituting the machine for cutting to the required length and squaring
the ends of blanks or rough pieces of timber to form the staves substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawings.
Second In a machine for cross cutting blanks or rough pieces of timber to form
staves for casks or barrels the combination with two saws for simultaneously cutting
both ends of a stave, of an endless chain or endless chains for feeding the blanks
up to the saws, and weighted levers for holding the blanks down on the table while
being cut substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2
of the accompanying drawings.
Third-For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrangement
of parts constituting the machine for jointing or shaping the edges of staves
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figures 34 and 5 of the
accompanying drawings.
Fourth In a machine for jointing or shaping the edges of staves for casks or
barrels, a suspended table or platforin on which the staves are fixed while being
jointed the table having imparted to it a compound longitudinal and vertical motion
between cutters arranged at an angle to the vertical motion of the table, and
adjustable in height to suit staves of different lengths, the angle of the cutters being
also variable to suit staves of different widths substantially as herein before described
with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifth In a machine for jointing or shaping the edges of staves for casks or
barrels the combination with means for centering the staves on the table or
platform, of mechanism for indicating whether or not the cutters are at the proper
angle to suit the width of the staves substantially as hereinbefore described.
Sixth-In a machine for jointing or shaping the edges of casks or barrels the
combination of the levers M acting on the staves at about the centre of their length
to adjust them in position on the table F, a pointer or its equivalent carried on the
centering mechanism and a similar device in connection with the adjusting mechanism
of the cutter spindles to indicate when the cutter spindles are at the required angle
to suit the width of stave substantially as herein before described with reference to
Figures 34 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventh For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination of parts
constituting the apparatus for "backing".e. transversely convexing the outer
surface of the staves substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 6, 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighth In machines for backing or transversely convexing the back surfaces
of staves, rotating cutters arranged to move while in action transversely while
the staves are moving in a longitudinal direction past the cutters and means for
imparting the transverse motion to the cutters substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described with reference to Figures 6, 7, 8 and 8ª of the accompanying
drawings.
Ninth For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrangement of
parts constituting the machine for hollowing or concaving the interior surfaces of
the staves substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 9 and 10
of the accompanying drawings.
Tenth In machines for hollowing or concaving the inner surfaces of staves for
casks a yielding bed or carrier for feeding the staves through the machine a rotating
cutter capable of being raised and lowered out of and into operating position as the
staves are travelling longitudinally beneath it and means for effecting the raising
and lowering of the cutter at the required periods substantially as and for the

page_text: purpose hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 9 and 10 of the accom-
panying drawings.
Eleventh In machines for hollowing or concaving the inner surfaces of staves
for casks or barrels the combination with a support or carrier for the staves of a
rotating cutter carried in a lever operated by a cam so as to cause the cutter to
rise and fall at the required periods and means for varying the periods of the rise
and fall of the cutter according to the length of the staves to be hollowed substan-
tially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
Twelfth For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrangement
of parts constituting the machine for "raising" and partially trussing the staves
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 of the
accompanying drawings.
Thirteenth In an apparatus for "raising" and partially trussing the staves to
form a cask a platform provided with means for supporting hoops in which the
lower ends of the staves are inserted in combination with an internally coned and
divided chamber containing other rings or hoops the said platform and conical
chamber being caused to approach towards each other so as to cause the conical
chamber to embrace and bend inwards the upper ends of the staves and pass
thereover the hoops or rings carried by the chamber substantially as herein before
described with reference to Figures 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourteenth For manufacturing casks or barrels the combination and arrange-
ment of parts constituting the machine for trussing the casks substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
Fifteenth In a machine for trussing casks or barrels a fixed and a moveable
head or chamber or two movable heads or chambers caused to approach towards
each other and provided with hinged drivers or pieces for driving what are
known as "bulge" and "quarter" hoops into position on the cask substantially
as herein before described with reference to Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
Sixteenth-In a machine for trussing casks or barrels two internally coned heads
or chambers provided in the interior with recesses to contain hoops for placing on
the ends of the cask the said chambers being caused to approach towards each other
so that the ends of the cask are contracted by the internally coned chambers, and
passed into the hoops contained in the said chamber substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
Seventeenth-For the manufacture of casks or barrels the combination and
arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus for levelling jiggering and crozing
the chimes substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 15
and 16 of the accompanying drawings.
Eighteenth--In a machine for levelling jiggering and crozing the ends or chimes
of casks, a compound rotatory cutter carried on a rotating arm and means for
giving rapid rotation to the cutter and a slow rotary motion to the carrying
arm substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
Nineteenth For the manufacture of casks or barrels the combination and
arrangement of parts constituting the apparatus for bevelling or chamfering the end
or chimes of the cask substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by
Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying drawings.
Twentieth-In a machine for bevelling or chamfering the ends or chimes of
casks a rotating disc carrying an adjustable cutter or adjustable cutters of
suitable shape and means for rotating the disc substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying drawings.
Twenty-first-In combination with the subject matter of the last preceding
claiming clause means for raising and lowering the disc carrying the cutter to bring

page_text: it into and out of operating position substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying drawings.
Twenty-second-The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a machine
for simultaneously punching rivet holes in the opposite ends of strips of hoop iron
to form hoops for casks or barrels substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 19 and 20 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 17th day of April 1891.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.