IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF WATER AND OTHER PIPES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF SUCH PIPES WHEN MADE OF STONE-WARE OR OTHER POROUS MATERIAL, SO AS TO RENDER THEM IMPERVIOUS "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Robbins, of 78 Frithville Gardens, Uxbridge Road,
in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
JOINTS OF WATER AND OTHER PIPES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF SUCH PIPES
WHEN MADE OF STONE-WARE OR OTHER POROUS MATERIAL, SO AS TO RENDER
THEM IMPERVIOUS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Robbins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1883.
JAMES ROBBINS, of 78 Frithville Gardens, Uxbridge Road, in the County of
Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF WATER AND OTHER PIPES, AND IN
THE TREATMENT OF SUCH PIPES WHEN MADE OF STONE-WARE OR OTHER POROUS
MATERIAL, SO AS TO RENDER THEM IMPERVIOUS
"
My invention relates 1st to improvements in the joints of water and other pipes
so as to make them perfectly true and to greatly facilitate the making of such
joints when laying the pipes.
This part of my invention consists essentially in using lengths of pipe which are
plain from end to end, and making the whole of the parts which are to actually
form the joint after the pipes themselves have been made by any suitable means.
These parts to form the joint may be either cast on the ends of the plain pipe, or
they may be made separate from the pipe and the latter inserted therein when
desired to make the joint in laying the pipes, or they may be partly cast on the
pipe, and partly separate therefrom.
According to one form the joint itself is formed by two parts, one being a deep
socket which is cast so as to be perfectly true with the bore of the pipe, and the
other part is formed to fit into the socket and is also cast true with the bore of
the pipe. These parts can be either cast on the pipe or made separate therefrom
by means of suitable dies or moulds, and may be made of sulphur combined with
metallic sulphides, oxides or their compounds, or of any other suitable material.
The socket is placed on the plain pipe a short distance from one end, the end of
the socket projecting beyond the pipe. The other part forms a kind of collar and
is placed on the other end of the pipe, beyond which it projects so as to form a
D

page_text: short socket, which when the collar is inserted in the outer socket on an adjoining
length of pipe will fit over the end of such length which projects inside the socket.
The collar may have an end flange to butt against and close the end of the
outer socket, in which a hole may be formed so as to fill in the joint if required.
The collar if made separate from the pipe may be slipped along so as to fit over
the ends of both lengths of pipe when the end of one is inserted in the outer socket
of the other, and such collar may if desired be made in parts or sections.
Instead of casting the collar by special dies or moulds, it may be cast round the
pipe when the latter has been placed in its proper position within the outer
socket of the adjoining pipe, so that the outer socket itself will form the
mould; and in some cases the projecting end of the socket may be turned inwards
so as leave only sufficient space for the passage of the plain end of the pipe,
whereby the collar when cast on will form an interlocking joint
Both the socket and the collar, or either of them may also if desired be cast one
half on the pipe and the other half separate therefrom, and when the collar or the
part of the same which is cast on the pipe is placed within the part of the socket
cast on the pipe, the other part of the socket can be placed in position; or in some
cases both the socket and the collar, or either of them may be cast separate from
the pipe and in two or more parts or sections which will be fitted on the pipe in
the desired positions.
In some cases where the socket is made separate from the pipe, or when it is in
two or more parts, it is preferable to insert some waterproof material between the
abutting surfaces, so as to exclude water from the space inside the outer socket
while casting on the collar or filling in the joint.
Although I have described one form of joint made according to this part of my
invention, it will be readily understood that other forms of joints may also be made
and applied to plain pipes in the manner above described. The joints of bent pipes
or junctions may be made in the same manner.
The second part of my invention relates to the treatment of pipes made of stone-
ware or other porous material so as to render them impervious and thereby prevent
the passage
of liquid substances through the sides or walls.
It consists in causing any suitable impervious substance to penetrate into the
walls of the pipes and fill up the pores of the material.
This may be effected in any suitable manner, either by closing the pipe at one
end and filling it with the impervious material, and then exerting sufficient
pressure on such material to force it into the pores; or by maintaining a vacuum
round the outer surface of the pipe (which would have to be surrounded by an air
tight case) and allowing the pressure of the atmosphere or any mechanical pressure
to force the impervious material into the pores of the walls of the pipe; or the
vacuum may be maintained inside the pipe and the impervious material caused to
enter the pores from the outside by atmospheric or mechanical pressure.
The material I prefer to use for filling up the pores in the walls or sides of pipes
is sulphur combined with metallic sulphides, oxides or their compounds, but any
other suitable impervious material may be employed.
In the case where the impervious material employed is in a solid form, or where
it is of such a consistency as not to flow freely at the ordinary temperature, it
will be necessary to carry on the process of forcing it into the pores of the walls of
the pipe at a temperature which will permit it to freely enter such pores.
Instead of forcing the impervious material into the pores of the walls of the
pipes, the pipes may be coated either inside or out, or both, with the impervious
material, and when coated outside the parts for forming the joint as described in
the first part of this specification may be cast on at the same time.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Robbins in the Patent Office on the 4th April 1884.
JAMES ROBBINS, of 78 Frithville Gardens, Uxbridge Road, in the County of
Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE JOINTS OF WATER AND OTHER PIPES, AND IN
THE TREATMENT OF SUCH PIPES WHEN MADE OF STONE-WARE OR OTHER POROUS
MATERIAL, SO AS TO RENDER THEM IMPERVIOUS,"
My invention relates :-1. To improvements in the joints of water and other
pipes so as to make them perfectly true and to greatly facilitate the making of such
joints when laying the pipes.
This part of my invention is shown in the accompanying drawings and consists
essentially in using lengths of pipe which are plain from end to end, and making
the whole of the parts which are to actually form the joint after the pipes
themselves have been made by any suitable means. These parts to form the joint
may be either cast on the ends of the plain pipe, or they may be made separate
from the pipe and the latter inserted therein when desired to make the joint in
laying the pipes, or they may be partly cast on the pipe, and partly separate
therefrom.
According to one form the joint itself is formed by two parts, one being a deep
socket A which is cast so as to be perfectly true with the bore of the pipe B, and
the other part or collar C is formed to fit into the socket and is also cast true with
the bore of the pipe D. These parts can be either cast on the pipe as shown in
Fig. 1, or made separate therefrom as shown in Fig. 2, by means of suitable dies or
moulds, and may be made of sulphur combined with metallic sulphides, oxides or
their compounds, or of any other suitable material.
The socket A is placed on the plain pipe B a short distance from one end, the
end of the socket projecting beyond the pipe. The other part C forms a kind of
collar and is placed on the other end of the pipe D, beyond which it projects so as
to form a short socket, which when the collar C is inserted in the outer socket A
on an adjoining length of pipe will fit over the end of such length which projects
inside the socket.
The collar C may have an end flange E as shown in Fig. 1, to butt against and
close the end of the outer socket A, in which a hole may be formed so as to fill in
the joint if required.
The collar Ĉ if made separate from the pipe may be slipped along so as to fit
over the ends of both lengths of pipe when the end of one is inserted in the outer
socket A of the other, and such collar may if desired be made in parts or sections.
Instead of casting the collar C by means of special dies or moulds, it may be
cast round the pipe when the latter has been placed in its proper position within
the outer socket A of the adjoining pipe, so that the outer socket itself will form
the mould. In some cases the projecting end of the socket A may be turned
inwards (as shown in full lines a, in Fig. 3, the broken lines representing the same
form of socket as that shown in Fig. 1) so as to leave only sufficient space for the
passage of the plain end of the pipe, whereby the collar when cast on will form an
interlocking joint with the filling in material 6 in the space on each side of the
collar and between it and the socket A. In this case the collar C may be cast
with the socket A as shown, and the socket be made in two or more parts or
sections.
Both the socket and the collar or either of them may also if desired be cast one
half on the pipe and the other half separate therefrom, and when the collar or the
part of the same which is cast on the pipe is placed within the part of the socket

page_text: cast on the pipe, the other part of the socket can be placed in position; or in some
cases both the socket and the collar, or either of them may be cast separate from
the pipe and in two or more parts or sections, which will be fitted on the pipe in
the desired positions.
In some cases, more particularly where the socket is made separate from the pipe,
or when it is in two or more parts, it is preferable to insert some waterproof
material (as shown in black in the various Figures) between the abutting surfaces,
so as to exclude water from the space inside the outer socket while casting on the
collar or filling in the joint, and also to prevent the filling in material itself from
entering the pipe and causing obstructions.
Fig. 4 shows a transverse section of the socket A with the collar C formed on it,
and made in three sections or parts A¹, A2, A³, the abutting surfaces of the three
parts being secured together by cement or other suitable material inserted in
recesses Y, Y¹, in such surfaces. The two upper sections A¹, A² do not abut, so that
a space A is left between them, which is filled in with cement or other suitable
material b, such material at the same time filling in the space round the pipe
between the collar and the socket. Recesses Y2, Y³, are formed in the upper
surfaces of the sections A', A³, so that the cement entering them will secure the
whole firmly in position.
Although I have described one form of joint made according to this part of my
invention, it will be readily understood that other forms of joints may also be
made and applied to plain pipes in the manner above described. The joints of bent
pipes or junctions may be made in the same manner.
The second part of my invention relates to the treatment of pipes made of stone-
ware or other porous material so as to render them impervious and thereby prevent
the passage of liquid substances through the sides or walls.
It consists in causing any suitable impervious substance to penetrate into the
walls of the pipes and fill up the pores of the material, at the same time that the
parts to form the joints are cast on such pipes.
This may be effected in any suitable manner, either by closing the pipe at one
end and filling it with the impervious material, and then exerting sufficient pressure
on such material to force it into the pores, or the impervious material may be forced
into the pores from the outside of the pipe.
The material I prefer to use for filling up the pores in the walls or sides of
pipes is sulphur combined with metallic sulphides, oxides or their compounds, but
any other suitable impervious material may be employed.
In the case where the impervious material employed is in a solid form, or where
it is of such a consistency as not to flow freely at the ordinary temperature, it will
be necessary to carry on the process of forcing it into the pores of the walls of the
pipe at a temperature which will permit it to freely enter such pores.
Instead of forcing the impervious material into the pores of the walls of the
pipes, the pipes may be coated either inside or out, or both, with the impervious
material, the parts for forming the joint as described in the first part of this
specification being cast on at the same time, as shown at d in Fig. 1.
Having thus described the nature of my said invention and in what manner the
same is to be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I
claim is :-
1st. The improved form of joints for pipes consisting of a socket near one end of
the pipe, beyond which end such socket projects, and a collar arranged inside such
socket so as to overlap the ends of two pipes when connected together, substantially t
as herein described and shown in the drawings.
2nd. The improved method of forming the joints of pipes by casting the parts to
form such joints either upon the ends of plain pipes, or separate therefrom and
then applying them thereto, or partly on the plain pipes and partly off the same,
either in one piece or in two or more sections or parts, substantially as herein 5
described.

page_text: 3rd. The method of rendering pipes made of porous material impervious by
forcing any suitable impervious material into the pores of the pipes or by coating
the pipes with such material, while casting on the parts to form the joints of such
pipes, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Robbins, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this fourth day of April, in the year of Our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty-four.
JAMES ROBBINS (L.S.)