IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES TO DE USED AS FOOD AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Fryer, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Sugar Refiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES TO
DE USED AS FOOD AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH.
"
Scaled the 28th June 1870, and dated the 14th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Fryer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th February 1870.
I, ALFRED FRYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Sugar Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGE-
TABLE SUBSTANCES TO BE USED AS FOOD AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in submitting animal and vegetablo
substances placed in air-tight cases to a temperature exceeding 212° Fahr.,
whereby I propose to accomplish two objects, firstly, I find that when
substances containing-nitrogenous compounds are so treated, such com-
•

page_text: pounds hitherto considered insoluble are rendered soluble; secondly,
that under such treatment the animal or vegetablo substances are
rendered capable of preservation, probably by the destruction of tho
germs or other bodies which usually cause decay.
In carrying out my Invention I propose to place the substances to be
prepared or preserved in cases which are closed, and then to submit
them to steam or other fluid at a high temperature within a suitable
vessel, whereby the pressure within and without the said cases is
equalized. If only the solution of the nitrogenous substances be desired
the closing of the said cases may be dispensed with.
Another part of my Invention relates to apparatus for cooling such
cases as aforesaid. For this purpose I provide the vessel in which such
cases are placed with two pipes, the one for the heating fluid and tho
.other for supplying a cooling fluid at a pressure equivalent or nearly so
to that of the heating fluid which has been used. When the treatment
of the substances in the cases has been completed, I admit the cooling
fluid to the vessel in which they are placed, and this prevents injury to
the cases by pressure of steam within them and at the same time cools
them down.
My Invention is chiefly applicable to flesh, fish, vegetables, and other
articles of food, but it may also be applied to animal or vegetable
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alfred Fryer in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 13th August 1870.
TÓ ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, Í, ALFRED
FRYER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Sugar Refiner, send
greeting.
2
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of February, One 3
thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth year
of Iler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Alfred Fryer, Her special license that I,
the said Alfred Fryer, my excentors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: or such others as I, the said Alfred Fryer, my exccutors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and -lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Íslands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRE-
PARATION AND PRESERVATION OF ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES TO BE USED
AS FOOD AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Alfred
Fryer, by an instrument under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Fryer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My Invention consists of two parts, firstly, I take animal and vege-
table substances to be used as food, and submit them in air-tight cases
or other such vessels to a high temperature, whereby they are rendered
capable of preservation probably by the destruction of the germs and
other bodies which usually cause decay. The cases which contain the
animal or vegetable substances are placed in any convenient number
within a larger vessel, which is closed, and steam, heated water, or air,
or other fluid or gas is then admitted so as to communicate heat to the
said cases, which by these means become heated to the desired point,
while at the same time there is an external pressure to counterbalance
that which is generated within the cases. The temperature most suitable
for destroying the germs is above that of boiling water, but I find that the
temperature of boiling water may be used if longer time be allowed. In
order to prevent the bitter taste produced by high heat carbonic acid or
other gas may be introduced into the vessels containing the organic
substances.
The next part of my Invention relates to the preparation of valuable
products by subjecting organic substances to heat above the boiling
point of water in closed vessels. I take organic substances, such as
flesh, fisli, fowl, or vegetables, and inclose them in the vessels, which

page_text: may, as in the former instance, be cases within a larger vessel, but for
the present purpose the said cases need not be hermetically sealed. I
then apply heat by means of steam or otherwise, or in place of this tho
organic matters may be placed in one large vessel, and as the outer vessel
in either case is closed the organic substances are under pressure. This
treatment dissolves the albumen, fibrin, and similar bodies in whole or
in part, according to the time, heat, and pressure, and these dissolved
substances may be used in manufactures to which they may be applicable.
The process is hastened by the use of a stirrer, which when one vessel
only is used may be caused to pass through a stuffing box adapted
thereto.
Another part of my Invention consists in a method of cooling such
closed cases as aforesaid. For this purpose I provide the vessel in which
the cases are placed with two pipes, the one for the heating fluid and
the other for suppling a cold fluid at a pressure equivalent or nearly so
to that of the heating fluid which has been used. When the treatment
of the substance in the cases has been completed I admit the cooling
fluid to the vessel in which they are placed, and this prevents injury to
the cases by pressure of steam within them, and at the same time cools
them down.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire
it to be understood that I claim as secured to me under the above in
part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly. The preservation of animal and vegetable substances by licating
them in closed vessels, substantially as described.
Secondly. For the purposes above set forth the solution of albumen,
fibrin, and similar substances, animal and vegetable, by subjecting them
to high heat under pressure, substantially as described.
Thirdly. The method of cooling the cases while under pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Fryer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.