NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF PRESERVING MILK AND CREAM
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Johannes Ditlef Fürst Hald, of the City of
London, Engineer, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED
MODE OF PRESERVING MILK AND CREAM."-A communication. from
abroad by Frits Sofus Frölich, of Kristiania, in the Kingdom of
Norway.
Scaled the 17th November 1874, and dated the 19th May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Johannes Ditlef Fürst
Hald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th May 1874.
'
I, JOHANNES DITLEF FÜRST HALD, of the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR
IMPROVED MODE OF PRESERVING MILK AND CREAM," (a communication to me.
from abroad by Frits Sofus Frölich, of Kristiania, in the Kingdom of
Norway,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to preserve milk and cream as to
make them suitable for export or transport, involving considerable time
and distance. For this purpose, the milk or cream is rendered into a

page_text: frozen condition, and so kept till arriving at its destination or place of
consumption, all as hereafter described.
The milk or cream must be perfectly sweet, and by preference be
prepared according to this present Invention immediately it is obtained.
It is first cooled by bringing the vessel containing it in contact with
cold spring water or iced water, or by any, suitable and well-known
refrigerator. It is then put into tins or other suitable receptacles, by
preference however into casks of tinned iron containing about 25 gallons
each; the receptacles or casks are then tightly closed, which may be
done by means of a cork or stopper covered by a tin plate soldered over
it. The cask is then put into a freezing mixture, such as salt and snow
or ice, of a temperature of about 17 degrees of frost, Celsius, until the
milk is entirely frozen, which takes a day or two. The cask is then
placed in an outer cask, by preference of wood, and lined internally with
felt or other non-conducting material, or with a space all round between
the said inner and outer cask; this space is filled in with some non-
conductor of heat, such as charcoal dust or sawdust.
While the casks are kept in store or stock, before sending them off,
they are kept in as cold a place as possible, such as an ice cellar, or they
may simply be kept in a warehouse well packed in sawdust or other
suitable or convenient non-conducting material. When the casks have
arrived at their destination the tin casks are taken out of the outer casks
and placed in water till the milk has thawed and obtained its ordinary
temperature.
Milk and cream treated as described do not when frozen burst the
tins or other receptacles filled therewith, because of the loose nature of
the ice; and they may be thus kept for some time, and are when used
found to be sweet and good.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
..filed by the said Johannes Ditlef Fürst Hald in the Great Seal 30
Patent Office on the 19th November 1874:

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and 'seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Johannes Ditlef Fürst Hald, Her
special licence that I, the.. said Johannes Ditlef Fürst Hald, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as -I, the said
Johannes Ditlef Furst Hald, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF PRESERVING MILK AND
CREAM," (a communication to me from abroad by Frits Sofus Frölich,
of Kristiania, in the Kingdom of Norway,) upon the condition (amongst
others) that. I, the said Johannes Ditlef Fürst Hald, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the dato
of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Johannes Ditlef Fürst Hald, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner'
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
:
The object of this Invention is so to preserve milk and cream.as to:
make them suitable for export or transport, involving.considerable time:
and distance. For this purpose the milk or cream is rendered into a
frozen condition, and so kept till arriving at its destination or place of
consumption, all as hereafter. described.
The milk or cream must be perfectly sweet, and by preference be
prepared according to this present Invention immediately it is obtained.
It is first cooled by bringing the vessel containing it in contact with
cold spring water or iced water, or by any suitable and well-known
refrigerator. It is then put into tins or other suitable receptacles, by pre-
ference however into casks of tinned iron containing about 25 gallons each.

page_text: The receptacles or casks are then tightly closed, which may be done by
means of a cork or stopper covered by a tin plate soldered over it. The
cask is then put into a freezing mixture, such as salt and snow or ice, of
a temperature of about 17 degrees of frost, Celsius, until the milk is
entirely frozen, which takes a day or two. The cask is then placed in
an outer cask, by preference of wood and lined internally with felt or
other non-conducting material, or with a space all round between the
said inner and outer cask; this space is filled in with some non-
conductor of heat, such as charcoal dust or sawdust..
While the casks are kept in store or stock before sending them off,
they are kept in as cold a place as possible, such as an ice cellar, or
they may simply be kept in a warehouse well packed in sawdust or
other suitable or convenient non-conducting material. When the casks
have arrived at their destination the tin casks are taken out of the
outer casks and placed in water till the milk has thawed and obtained
its ordinary temperature.
Milk and cream treated as described do not when frozen burst the tins
or other receptacles filled therewith because of the loose nature of the
ice, and they may be thus kept for some time, and are when used found
to be sweet and good.
And having thus fully described the nature of this Invention and the
mode of carrying the same into effect, I declare that I claim, the method
of treatment of fresh milk, and cream, substantially as herein set forth,
namely, first cooling the same, then enclosing same into receptacles,
which then are tightly closed and put into a freezing mixture till the a
contents are frozen, the said receptacles being then placed into larger
receptacles containing non-conducting material, or otherwise being sur-
rounding by a non-conductor of heat.
In witness whereof, I the said Johannes Ditlef Fürst Hald, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, s
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-