IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL, HAIR, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hodgson and Henry Hodgson,
both of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Makers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
WOOL, HAIR, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 12th August 1853, and dated the 20th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hodgson
and Henry Hodgson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th June 1853.
We, WILLIAM HODGSON and HENRY HODGSON, both of Bradford,
in the County of York, Machine Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
SPINNING WOOL, HAIR, SILK, FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES" to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and application of certain new
mechanical arrangements and combinations of parts in the construction
and working of certain parts of spinning machines, and has for its object
the more even winding on of the yarn or thread to the spool or bobbin

page_text: than by the modes hitherto employed for that purpose, thereby lessen-
ing the liability of the thread or yarn breaking whilst being drawn off*
the spool or bobbin when in the shuttle, and consequently effecting a
considerable saving of material. The principle of construction hitherto
employed in spinning frames for effecting the spool motion, or rising
and lowering of the spool rail or bar which supports the spools or
bobbins, has been to cause the rotary movement of a heart wheel or
wheels fixed upon a rotating spindle or shaft to operate upon levers
which are in connection with the spool rail, and thereby to impart up
and down movement to the said rails and spools or bobbins thereon, so
as to effect the necessary rising and lowering of the bobbins in accord-
ance with the winding on of the thread or yarn; notwithstanding,
however, that this movement, in combination with the rotary move-
ment of the spindles and flyers, has had the effect of distributing the
thread or yarn over the spool or bobbin, the laying on of the thread
has been uneven and loose, in consequence of the spool rail working at
differents speeds, according to the variations of the length of the picks.
It has, therefore, been found difficult to unwind the thread without
breaking it, by reason of that layer of thread which is being drawn off
the bobbin being frequently behind another and a thicker layer. The
object and intention, therefore, of this Invention is to obviate these
objections by so arranging, constructing, and actuating such parts as
that the operations of winding and laying the thread or yarn on to the
spool or bobbin, and of taking the short and long picks during such
operation, shall be performed regularly, so as to lay the thread evenly
on to the spools or bobbins, thereby rendering it less liable to break
as it is drawn off the bobbin when in the shuttle. But in order to
explain and ascertain the nature of this Invention more fully reference
must be had to the illustrative Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
numeral figures and letters of reference marked thereon respectively,
as follows:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.

page_text: and vertical section taken through the line A, B, at Figure 1.
Figure 3, is a detached portion hereafter referred to. At each
of these Figures the same letters of reference are employed to
denote corresponding parts, in so far as such parts appear or can
be seen at each of the Figures respectively. At Figures 1, and 2,
A, A, marks the end framings of the machine, to which are attached
the following parts:-B, that shaft upon which a cylinder C, is
fixed, over which cords pass for imparting rotary motion to the
spindles and flyers; D, marks a worm fixed upon one end of the
shaft B; this worm takes into a worm wheel E, keyed upon an upright
spindle F, working in suitable bearings connected to the framing A, A;
G, is a spindle working in a socket in the casting II; one end of the
spindle G, has a cam I, hereafter described, of peculiar construction
fixed thereon, and to or upon the back of said cam a spur wheel K, is
fixed or formed; the spindle G, has a groove formed therein, into
which a feather in a worm wheel L, takes; the boss of this wheel is
formed with a neck, which revolves in a casting X, and the wheel L,
takes or gears into a worm a, fixed upon the upright spindle F; M, is
a spur wheel gearing into the wheel K; the axis of the wheel M, has
a screw formed thereon, which fits into a screwed hole in the piece b,
which piece is fixed to the end framing A; N, is a wheel fixed upon
the spindle G, for pushing the cam I, forward, and thereby winding the
lifter up.
In connection with the cam I, are the following parts:-0,
marks a shaft supported by and working in suitable bearings; upon one
part of this shaft a bent lever P, is securely fixed, and said lever is
fitted with an anti-friction roller c, which slides and rotates upon
the part 1, of the said lever. It will be seen upon referring to Figure 2,
that the cam I, is formed with a cycloidal-shaped ledge or projec-
tion c, and that the edge of such said ledge or projection is formed with
a series of inclines 2, 2, between which the roller c, fits and takes for the
purpose hereafter mentioned. Q, marks the spool rail, to which are
attached rods e, e, which pass through guide holes in the front framing
of the machine; and to the rods e, e, arms f, f, are fixed, to which are
attached cords g, g, which pass over sheaves h, h, attached to the front
framing; said cords being also attached to a square bar or rod R,

page_text: which works through guides; S, is a lever fixed upon the end of the
shaft O; and T, is another lever for imparting horizontal movement
to the bar R, and spool rail and bobbins thereon in the following
manner and order: Assuming the machine to be in motion, and the
parts to be in the relative position exhibited, the effect of the rotation
of the cam I, upon the roller c, is the inclines 2, 2, force the roller
c, away from the cam I, and the lever S, pushing against the lever
T, and bar R, causes the spool rail Q, and bobbins to be raised and
lowered a short distance, after which, and as the cam I, continues to
rotate, and the roller c, has been acted upon by the highest part of the
inclines, the roller c, descends the next incline, and thus allows the rail
and bobbins to descend, and the thread or yarn to be wound and laid
evenly on to the spools or bobbins. And an important feature in this
Invention consists in moving the spool rail always at the same speed
through progressively increasing distances; first moving it through a
short distance, so as to wind on and lay a greater quantity of thread er
yarn around the lower part or base of the bottom, or what is technically
termed taking the "short pick" at the commencement of the operation
of winding on, and afterwards moving through a gradually increasing
distance for effecting the "long pick," and thereby to make the shape
of the cop assume a taper form, or smallest near the nose thereof, or
of any other suitable form, by which the thread or yarn will draw freely
from the bobbin when in the shuttle; and this progressively increasing
movement of the spool rail is effected by constructing the cycloidal
cam I, as exhibited at Figures 1, and 3, where it will be seen that the
inclines are shortest near the centre of the cycloid, and longest at
the outer edge thereof, the length of such said inclines increasing in
regular progression, as also the depth from the apex to the base of
cach incline; and this cycloidal-shaped cam is employed solely for the
purpose of taking the "short pick," the long pick being effected by a
circular-shaped ledge or projection w, formed upon the cam I, as
shewn at Figure 2, the edge of such said ledge being formed with
inclines 2, 2, the lengths whereof are made equal instead of pro-
gressively increasing, as before stated, by which the rising and falling
of the spool rail will be uniform during the long pick. The lowering

page_text: of the spool rail is effected by the rotation of the wheel K, acting upon
the wheel M, so as to advance the screw in the socket b, when the
weight of the spool rail and bobbins operating against the bar R, will
press the roller c, against the cam I; and thus, as the wheel M, retires
the cam I, will follow it, and thereby effect the lowering of the rail
and spools or hobbins thereon. It should be observed that, instead of
making each of the inclines on the part W, of the cam I, equal, they
may be made with every alternate incline larger, so as to lay the
threads across those lastly laid or wound on to the spool or bobbins, or
any other variation of such arrangement. This Invention consisting
particularly in rising and lowering the spool rail always at the same
speed by the means before described, without altering the speed of the
shaft, notwithstanding the spool rail moves through different distances
at different times, for performing the operations of taking the short and
short picks, as before stated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Hodgson and Henry Hodgson in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 20th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
WILLIAM HODGSON and HENRY HODGSON, both of Bradford, in the
County of York, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Iler reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto us, the said William Hodgson and Henry
Todgson, Her special licence that we, the said William Hodgson and
Henry Hodgson, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said William Hodgson and Henry Hodgson, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING WOOL, HAIR, SILK,
FLAX, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Hodgson and Henry Hodgson, or
one of us, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and inme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Hodgson and Henry
Hodgson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly de-
scribed and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that
is to say:
Our Invention of improvements in machinery for spinning wool,
hair, silk, flax, and other fibrous substances consists in the use and
application of certain new mechanical arrangements or combinations of
mechanism in the construction and working of certain parts of spinning
machines, and has for its object the more even "winding on" of the
yarn or thread to the spool or bobbin than has been effected by the
modes and machinery hitherto employed for that purpose, thereby
lessening the liability of the thread or yarn to become broken whilst
being drawn off the spool or bobbin when in the shuttle, and conse-
quently effecting a considerable saving of material. The principle of
construction hitherto employed in spinning frames for effecting the
spool motion, or rising and lowering of the spool rail or bar which
supports the spools or bobbins, has been to cause the rotary movement
of a heart wheel or wheels fixed upon a rotating spindle or shaft to
operate upon levers which are in connection with the spool rail, and
thereby to impart up and down movement to the said rails, and conse-
quently to the spools or bobbins supported thereon, so as to effect the
necessary rising and lowering of the bobbins in accordance with the
"winding on" of the thread or yarn. Notwithstanding, however, that
this movement in combination with the rotary movement of the
spindles and flyers has had the effect of distributing the thread or yarn
over the spool or bobbin, the laying on of the thread has been uneven

page_text: and loose, in consequence of the spool rail working at different speeds,
according to the variations of the length of the picks. It has, therefore,
been found difficult to unwind the thread without breaking it, by
reason of that layer of thread which is being drawn off the bobbin
being frequently behind another and a thicker layer. The object and
intention, therefore, of this Invention is to obviate these objections
by so arranging, constructing, and actuating such parts as that the
operations of winding and laying the thread or yarn on to the spool or
bobbin, and of taking the short and long picks during such operation,
shall be performed regularly, so as to lay the thread evenly on to the
spools or bobbins, thereby rendering it less liable to break as it is
drawn off the bobbin when in the shuttle; but in order to explain and
ascertain the nature of our Invention more fully reference must
be had to the illustrative Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
numeral figures and letters of reference marked thereon respectively,
as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1, exhibits a partial front elevation of a spinning frame con-
structed according to this Invention. Figure 2, is a transverse and
vertical section taken through the line A, B, at Figure 1. Figure 3,
is an end clevation of the same. At each of these Figures the same
letters of reference are employed to denote corresponding parts, in so
far as such parts appear or can be seen at each of the Figures respec-
tively. At Figures 1, and 2, A, A, marks the end framings of the
machine, to which are attached the following parts-B, is that shaft
upon which the cylinder or tin roller C, is fixed, over which cords or
bands pass, as usual, for imparting rotary motion to the spindles and
flyers. D, marks a worm fixed upon one end of the shaft B; this worm
takes into a worm wheel E, keyed upon an upright spindle F, which
works in suitable bearings connected to the framing A, A. G, is a
spindle working in a socket in the casting H. One end of the spindle
G, has a cam I, of peculiar construction, hereafter described, fixed
thereon, and to or upon the other end of the said spindle a worm
whcel K, is fixed. The spindle G, has a groove formed therein, into
which a feather in the worm wheel K, takes. The boss of this wheel

page_text: is formed with a neck, which revolves in a casting X, and the said
wheel K, takes or gears into a worm L, fixed upon the upright spindle
1. At the back of the cam I, a spiral thread or worm 7, 7. is formed,
which takes into the teeth of a cycloidal segment m, (see detached plan
view, Figure 4.) As the cam I, revolves, it moves the segment m, in
the direction of the arrow's flight, which allows the weight of the spool
rail Q, and consequent pressure of the anti-friction roller b, against the
face of the cam I, to force the said cam to follow the segment m, and
thus gradually to lower the said spool rail. The cycloidal segment m,
is kept in gear with the spiral thread 7, by a weight n, connected
thereto by means of a cord passing over a pulley o, attached to the
framing of the machine. In connection also with the cam I, are
the following parts:-0, marks a vibrating shaft supported by and
working in suitable bearings. Upon one part of this shaft a frame or
carriage P, is securely fixed, and the said frame is fitted with a spindle a,
upon which is placed loosely an anti-friction roller b, which slides and
rotates thereon. It will be seen, upon referring to Figure 2, that the
cam I, is formed with a cycloidal-shaped ledge or projection wc, and that
the edge of such said ledge or projection is formed with a series of in-
clines 1, 1, between which the roller b, fits and takes for the purpose liere-
after mentioned; Q, marks the spool rail, to which are attached rods d, d,
which pass through guide holes in the front framing of the machine;
and to the rods d, d, arms e, e, are fixed, to which are attached cords or
bands ff which pass over sheaves or pullies g, g, attached to the
front framing of the machine, the said cords or bands being also con-
nected to a square sliding bar or rod R, which works through guides
fixed to the framing of the machine; S, is a lever fixed upon the end
of the shaft O; and T, is another lever for imparting horizontal move-
ment to the bar R, and by means of the cords or bands f. f, vertical
motion to the spool rail and bobbins thereon in the following manner
and order Assuming the machine to be in motion, and the parts to be
in the relative position exhibited, the effect of the rotation of the cam I,
upon the roller b, is that the inclines 1, 1, force the roller b, away from
the cam I, thus causing the shaft O, to vibrate, and the lever S, pushing
against the lever T, and bar R, causes the spool rail Q, and bobbins to
be raised a short distance, after which, and as the cam I, continues to

page_text: rotate, and the roller b, has been acted upon by the highest part of the
incline, the roller b, descends the next incline, and thus allows the rail
and bobbins to descend, and the thread or yarn to be wound and laid
evenly on to the spools or bobbins. And an important feature in this
Invention consists in moving the spool rail always at the same speed
through progressively increasing distances, first moving it through a
short distance, so as to wind on and lay a greater quantity of thread or
yarn around the lower part or base line of the bobbin, or what is
technically termed taking the "short pick" at the commencement of
the operation of winding on, and afterwards moving through a gradually
increasing distance for effecting the "long pick," and thereby to make
the shape of the cop assume a taper form, or smallest near the nose
thereof, or of any other suitable form by which the thread or yarn will
draw freely from the bobbin when in the shuttle; and this progressively
increasing movement of the spool rail is effected by constructing the
cycloidal cam I, as exhibited at Figures 1, 2, and 4, where it will be
seen that the inclines are shortest near the centre of the cycloid, and
longest at the outer edge thereof, the length of such said inclines
increasing in regular progression, as also the depth from the apex to
the base of each incline; and this cycloidal-shaped cam is employed
solely for the purpose of taking the "short pick," the "long pick"
being effected by a circular-shaped ledge or projection w, formed upon
the cam I, as shewn at Figure 2, the edge of such ledge being formed
with inclines 2, 2, the lengths whereof are made equal instead of pro-
gressively increasing, as before stated, by which the rising and falling of
the spool rail will be uniform during the "long pick." The raising of
the spool rail Q, and the simultaneous movement of the anti-friction
roller b, towards the centre of the cycloidal cam I, in order to com-
mence a fresh set of spools, is effected in the following manner and
by the following means:-The lever U, which is keyed upon the
shaft O, must be raised, which will have the effect of removing the
anti-friction roller b, entirely from the face of the cam I, and thus
allowing the spring, to force the said roller b, into the required
position at the same time that the withdrawing the pressure of the
pulley b, from the face of the cam I, will allow the weight n, to draw
the cycloidal segment m, and consequently the cam I, into their

page_text: original relative positions. The lever U, is then released, and the
apparatus is in a position to commence winding on a fresh set of spools.
It should be observed that instead of making each of the inclines on
the part w, of the cam I, equal, they may be made with every alter-
nate incline larger, so as to lay the threads across those lastly laid or
wound on to the spool or bobbin, or any other variation of such arrange-
ment. The object of our Invention consisting particularly in raising
and lowering the spool rail always at the same speed by the means
before described, without altering the speed of the shaft, notwithstand-
ing the spool rail moves through different distances at different times,
for performing the operation of taking the short and long picks, as
before stated.
Having thus described the nature and object of our said improve-
ments in machinery for spinning wool, hair, silk, flax, and other fibrous
substances, together with the manner of carrying the same into prac-
tical effect, we would remark, in conclusion, that we claim as our
Invention, the novel and peculiar arrangement of mechanism for effect-
ing the said movements of the spool rail as exhibited in the Drawing
annexed, more especially the peculiar form of the cam I, with its
gradually increasing inclines arranged in a cycloidal form, and the use
or employment of the vibrating shaft O, in the manner and for the
purposes above more particularly set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Hodgson and Henry
Hodgson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nine-
teenth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness, S. BARNES,
WILLIAM HODGSON. (L.S.)
HENRY HODGSON.
23, Viliers Street, Bradford.
(L.S.)