New or Improved Process and Machinery for Imparting a Silky appearance to Cotton and other Yarns.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 11th July, 1894-Accepted, 11th Aug.. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Process and Machinery for Imparting a Silky
appearance to Cotton and other Yarns.
I, HENRI JACOB, of Argenteuil (Seine et Oise) in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a process and machinery for applying collodion to
otton, flax, ramie, and other yarns intended for weaving, in order to give them a
ilky appearance. Collodion possesses the property of leaving, after evaporation,
very adherent pellicle of transparent cellulose, and in order to coat the yarn with
collodion, I first pass it through a preparatory liquid consisting of modified
nethylic alcohol and then through a peculiarly constructed dressing machine.
For applying the collodion to threads, I prefer to employ a dressing machine
of the following construction, but any other suitably constructed machine may be
used for that purpose.
All the parts of the aforesaid machine are supported by three parallel and equi-
distant frames connected together by cross bars.
Upon the outer or end. frames are bolted supports on which are fixed receivers
containing the collodion dressing liquid which flows into suitable distributors when
taps or valves, fixed in the bottoms of the receivers, are opened. These receivers
are closed hermetically by covers furnished at their centres with stuffing boxes
through which pass the rods of pistons which are constantly pressed downwards in
the receivers by weights placed on the upper ends of the piston rods.
The frames support steam jacketed drying chests or pans composed of two
metallic casings the distance apart of which is maintained by suitable distance
pieces. These chests are closed air-tight by covers secured by means of nuts and
bolts. Steam is admitted into the space between the two casings of the chests by
pipes branching from one main pipe, the supply of steam being regulated by a
valve. The drying chests cominunicate with condensing coils enclosed in tanks
through which cold water circulates. These coils constitute recuperators, the
function of which will be hereinafter described. At the bottom of the drying
chests are placed supporting rods which turn in guides or bearings and support the
threads during their passage through the drying chests. Suitable supports carry
ᎠᎸᏗ

page_text: .
the pirns on which the threads to be dressed are wound. On the frames are also
bolted other supports which hold the thread guides.
In front of the machine and on the frames are placed the thread plate and guide
bar similarly to other machines of the same kind employed in the textile industry.
At the rear of the machine are placed, one over the other, two glazing rollers both
of which have imparted to them rotatory and alternating rectilinear movements.
The latter of these movements is obtained by means of a cylinder fixed on the axis
of the upper roller and furnished with an undulating cam groove in which engages
the end of a fixed arm. When the said cylinder rotates, the undulations of the
groove in it impart to the said cylinder, and the roller with which it is connected,
the requisite alternating rectilinear movement.
The thread plate, at the delivery end of the machine, is composed essentially of
a series of needles through the holes in which the dressed threads are passed.
These needles are arranged between two rows of small rollers the first of which
receive, directly from the driving gear of the machine, a continuous rotatory motion
which they transmit by friction to the second row of rollers. On the axes of these
latter rollers are fixed small grooved pulleys which transmit motion by suitable
cords or bands to other small grooved pulleys fixed on the axes of the bobbins on
which the dressed threads are to be wound and which bobbins are supported by a
series of cast iron brackets bolted to a crossbar which connects the frames of the
machine together. This mechanism is completed by a fixed guide bar similar to
that at the front part of the machine and by a third thread-guide consisting of a
horizontal bar perforated with holes through which pass the threads covered with
collodion; this latter bar is supported by vertical rods carrying at their lower ends
friction rollers which roll on cams fixed on a shaft to which rotatory motion is
imparted.
It remains to describe the dressing boxes which characterise more particularly
my dressing machine. The various drying chests above mentioned are connected
by these dressing boxes which are formed of a central tube communicating with
one of the aforesaid collodion distributors. To the ends of this tube are connected
by union joints other tubes of the same diameter, and opening into the interior of
the drying chests. These tubes only communicate with each other by small orifices
which are of the same diameter as the threads to be dressed.
The machine receives its motion from a motive power engine, or from any
suitable shafting by means of a belt passing round a pulley fixed on the same shaft
as a friction plate which is brought into or out of contact with a friction wheel by
turning a hand-wheel. A second hand-wheel enables this friction wheel to be
traversed towards or away from the centre of the friction plate and its speed of
rotation is thereby varied. Two bevil pinions trausmit the rotatory motion to the
shaft on which are keyed the abovementioned row of rollers. Toothed spur wheels
communicate rotatory motion to the glazing rollers and finally two spur pinions
transmit rotatory motion to a worm gearing with a worm wheel fixed on the shaft
carrying the cams which impart vertical alternating movements to the above-
mentioned movable thread guides. These latter enable the dressed thread to be
wound on the bobbins which, when they are finished, have a form dependant upon
that of the aforesaid cams.
ACTION OF THE MACHINE.
The receivers being filled with collodion, and the taps being opened, the liquid
forced out by the pistons enters the distributors and fills the dressing boxes.
The
threads to be dressed pass from the thread guides at the front of the machine
through the thread plate and through a first series of dressing boxes filled with
very fluid collodion. These threads then pass through a first series of drying
chests where the collodion, in drying, gives off vapours of alcohol and sulphuric
ether which pass into one of the condenser coils where they are condensed and
of moxa

page_text: collodion. On issuing from the first series of drying chests, the threads pass
through a second row of dressing boxes containing thick collodion, where they
become covered with a fresh coat of collodion: they then pass into a second
row of drying chests where the collodion is dried and gives off vapours of
alcohol and sulphuric ether which are condensed in a second condensing coil
whence they are extracted in a liquid state. The threads then pass through
a third row of dressing boxes and a third series of drying chests where similar
effects are reproduced and they finally pass between the glazing rollers where
they are rolled by the alternating movement of the latter so as to present the
whole of their surface to the glazing action. The dressing of the threads
is now completed and they are wound on to the bobbins to be delivered for
weaving.
Dated this 10th day of October 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
New or Improved Process and Machinery for Imparting a Silky
Appearance to Cotton and other Yarns.
I, HENRI JACOB, of Argenteuil (Seine et Oise) in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
This invention relates to a process and machinery for applying collodion to
cotton, flax, ramie, and other yarns intended for weaving, in order to give them a
silky appearance. Collodion possesses the property of leaving, after evaporation,
a very adherent pellicle of transparent cellulose, and in order to coat the yarn with
collodion, I first pass it through a preparatory liquid consisting of modified
methylic alcohol and then through a peculiarly constructed dressing machine.
The threads of yarn are prepared by passing them through a preparatory liquid
obtained by the distillation of 100 litres for example of methylic alcohol at 90° to
which has been added one kilogramme of ẞ naphtholdisulphonate of sodium, salt R.
The liquid recovered has the action of the solvents of collodion. The collodion is
prepared by any of the usual formulas; but one portion of it is to be prepared
extremely fluid, and another portion very thick. The collodion may be coloured
or not as may be required; when it is to be coloured a tenth part of the alcohol
used in its manufacture is reserved and a certain quantity of aniline colour is
dissolved therein; the quantity of colour employed depends on the depth of tone it
is desired to give to the thread. I may remark that all the aniline colours lend
themselves equally well to this combination.
For applying the collodion to the threads I prefer to employ a dressing machine
of the construction shown in the accompanying drawings, but any other suitably
constructed machine may be used for that purpose. In the said drawings
Figure 1 is an elevation of the machine,
Figure 2 a plan of same, being a projection from Figure 1,
Figure 3 is a section, to an enlarged scale, taken on line 1-2 of Figure 2, of the
apparatus for distributing the collodion and applying it to the threads.
Figures 4 and 5 are respectively an elevation and a plan, to an enlarged scale,
of the driving mechanism,
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section taken on line 3-4 of Figure 2, of one of the
drying chests,
Figure 7 is a section, to an enlarged scale, taken on line 5-6 of Figure 1, of
one of the receivers containing the collodion dressing liquid, and

page_text: Figure 8 is a section, to an enlarged scale, taken on line 7-8 of Figure 1, of
one of the condensers for recovering alcohol and sulphuric ether given off from the
collodion as it dries.
All the parts of the machine are supported by three parallel and equidistant
frames a a a connected together by cross bars a¹.
Upon the outer or end frames are bolted supports bbb on which are fixed
receivers bb61 containing the collodion dressing liquid which flows into suitable
distributors c when the taps or valves c¹ fixed in the bottoms of the receivers are
opened. These receivers b¹ are closed hermetically by covers & furnished at their
centres with stuffing boxes & through which pass the rods of pistons which are
constantly pressed downwards in the receivers by weights 6 placed on the upper
ends of the piston rods.
The frames a a a support steam jacketted drying chests or pans d d' d' composed
of two metallic casings d d' the distance anart of which is maintained by distance
pieces (see Figures 3 and 6). These chests are closed airtight by covers de
secured by means of nuts d' screwed on to bolts d. Steam is admitted into the
space between the two casings d' and d' of the chests d d' d' by pipes ee branching
from one main pipe el, the supply of steam being regulated by a valve e placed on
the pipe e¹. The drying chests d d d communicate with condensing coils do do
enclosed in tanks d¹º do through which cold water circulates. These coils constitute
recuperators the function of which will be hereinafter described. At the bottom
of the drying chests d d' d' are placed supporting rods f which turn in guides or
bearings and support the threads during their passage through the drying chests.
Suitable supports g carry the pirns on which the threads to be dressed are wound. On
the frames a a a are also bolted other supports h which hold the thread-guides h¹ h'.
In front of the machine, and on the frames a a a are placed the thread plate h³
and guide bar similarly to other machines of the same kind employed in the
textile industry. At the rear of the machine are placed, one over the other, two
glazing rollers i both of which have imparted to them rotatory motion, and the
upper one an alternating rectilinear movement also. The latter of these movements
is obtained by means of a cylinder fixed on the axis of the upper roller i and
furnished with an undulating cam groove in which engages the end of a fixed
arm i³.
When the said cylinder rotates the undulations of the groove in it
impart to the said cylinder and the roller i with which it is connected the requisite
alternating rectilinear movement.
The thread plate at the delivery end of the machine is composed essentially of a
series of needles k k through the holes in which the dressed threads are passed.
These needles are arranged between two rows of small rollers k¹ k³, see
Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5, the first of which, k', receive directly from the driving gear
of the machine, a continuous rotatory motion which they transmit by friction to
the second row of rollers k³. On the axes of these latter rollers are fixed small
grooved pulleys which transmit motion by suitable cords or bands to other small
grooved pulleys 1 fixed on the axes of the bobbins on which the dressed threads
are to be wound and which bobbins are supported by a series of cast iron brackets /³
bolted to a crossbar which connects the frames of the machine together. This
mechanism is completed by a fixed guide m similar to the guide ³ at the front part
of the machine and by a third thread guide consisting of a horizontal bar m³
perforated with holes through which pass the threads covered with collodion; the
fatter bar m is supported by vertical rods m³ m³ carrying at their lower ends
friction rollers m³ which roll on cams m' fixed on a shaft m to which rotatory
motion is imparted.
The drying chests d d' dare connected together by dressing boxes which are
formed of a central tube n communicating with one of the collodion distributors c.
To the ends of this tube n are connected by union joints other tubes n' n² of the
same diameter, and opening into the interior of the drying chests d d¹. These
tubes only communicate with each other by small orifices oo which are of the same
diameter as the threads to be dressed.

page_text: The machine receives its motion from a motive power engine, or from any suitable.
shafting by means of a belt passing round a pulley p fixed on the same shaft as a
friction plate p' which is brought into or out of contact with a friction wheel p' by
turning a hand wheel q. A second hand wheel g' enables this friction wheel p' to.
be traversed towards or away from the centre of the friction plate p² and the speed
of rotation of the said wheel p² is thereby varied. Two bevil pinions and
transmit the rotatory motion to the shaft on which are keyed the row of rollers k¹..
Toothed spur wheels s and communicate rotatory motion to the glazing-
rollers and and finally two spur pinions t and t' transmit rotatory motion to a
worm gearing with a wormwheel r fixed on the shaft m* carrying the cams m¹
which impart vertical alternating movements to the movable thread guides m'..
These latter enable the dressed thread to be wound on the bobbins which take a
form dependent upon that of the cams m*.
The action of the machine is as follows: The receivers b' ' ' being filled with
collodion, and the taps c¹ being opened the liquid forced out by the pistons 6, upon.
which the weights & act, enters the distributators c and fills the dressing boxes n,
the threads to be dressed, which have been previously steeped in the preparatory
liquid above described and wound on pirns carried by the supports g pass from the
thread guides ' at the front of the machine through the thread-plate hand through
a first series of dressing boxes n n' n' filled with very fluid collodion. These threads
then pass through a first series of drying chests d where the collodion in drying
gives off vapours of alcohol and sulphuric ether which pass into one of the condenser
coils where they are condensed, and from whence they are recovered to serve
again for the manufacture of more collodion. On issuing from the first series of
drying chests d the threads pass through a second row of dressing boxes n n¹ n²
containing thick collodion, where they become covered with a fresh coat of
collodion, and they then pass into a second row of drying chests d' where the
collodion is dried and gives off vapours of alcohol and sulphuric ether which are
condensed in a second condensing coil d' whence they are extracted in a liquid
state.
The threads then pass through a third row of dressing boxes n n' n³ and a third
series of drying chests d' where similar effects are produced, and they finally pass
between the glazing rollers and where they are rolled by the alternating
movement of the latter so as to present the whole of their surface to the glazing
action. The dressing of the threads is now complete, and they are wound on to
the bobbins to be delivered for weaving.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The new or improved process for imparting a silky appearance to cotton
and other yarns which consists in passing the yarn through a preparatory liquid
obtained by the distillation of methylic alcohol and ẞ napthol-disulphonate of sodium
then, through one or more baths of collodion, in drying the yarn after each passage
through the collodion, and in then glazing or polishing the said yarn substantially
as described.
Second. In the treatment of yarn with collodion the process which consists in
passing the yarn through baths of collodion which successively increase in thickness
or consistence and in drying the yarn after each passage through the collodion
substantially as described.
Third. In the treatment of yarn with collodion the process which consists in
passing the yarn through a box containing collodion mixed with aniline colour, and
then through a drying chamber substantially as described.
Fourth. In the treatment of yarn with collodion the process which consists in
passing the yarn through one or more chambers containing collodion under
pressure, in drying the yarn in a heated chamber after each such passage, and in
then glazing or polishing the said yarn substantially as described.

page_text: Fifth. In the treatment of yarn with collodion the process which consists in
passing the yarn through a chamber containing collodion, in removing superfluous
collodion from the surface of the yarn, in passing the yarn through a heated
drying chamber, and in condensing and recovering the vapours given off in the
drying process, substantially as described.
Sixth. In an apparatus for treating yarn with collodion the combination of a
dressing box furnished with suitable inlet and outlet orifices for the yarn, an
arrangement for imparting pressure to the collodion contained in the said dressing
box, and means for passing the yarn through the said inlet and outlet orifices,
substantially as described.
Seventh. In an apparatus for treating yarn with collodion the combination of a
dressing box furnished with suitable inlet and outlet orifices for the yarn, means for
passing the yarn through the said orifices, and a cylinder and piston communicating
with the dressing box for the purpose of exerting pressure on the collodion
contained in such box, substantially as described.
Eighth. In an apparatus for treating yarn with collodion the combination of a
dressing box furnished with suitable inlet and outlet orifices for the yarn, with a
drying chamber communicating with the said dressing box and furnished with
suitable guides to support the yarn, substantially as described.
Ninth. In an apparatus for treating yarn with collodion the combination of a
dressing box furnished with suitable inlet and outlet orifices for the yarn, a drying
chamber communicating with the said dressing box, mechanism for glazing or
polishing, and means for passing the yarn through the apparatus, substantially as
described.
Dated this fitn day of July
H: JACOB,
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, Agent.