IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Morison, senior, and James Morison, junior,
of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Machine Makers,"
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS USED IN
WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Morison, senior,
and James Morison, junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th February 1858.
We, JAMES MORISON, senior, and JAMES MORISON, junior, both of Paisley,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Machine Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS
USED IN WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in what is known as "double-
lift" jacquard apparatus, the object. of which is to simplify the construction
and improve the working action of the apparatus. In double-lift jacquard
apparatus, each "mail" or eye is connected by separate threads to two "tails"
or knot cords, and on one of such threads being lifted, the other is thrown
slack, which makes it liable to be improperly acted upon by the jacquard
needle when it happens to be required to be lifted at the next shed. This
defect is in the present Invention remedied by attaching small weights to
each tail, between the point where the several mail threads are attached to it
and the point where the needles act upon it, so as to insure the tightness of
the tails under all circumstances. It is preferred to use small tubular pieces
of lead or other metal for these weights, the tails being passed through them
dor

page_text: and knotted below. Instead of the weights, the same effect may be obtained
by applying springs of caoutchouc or other suitable material to the same part
of the tails.
.
Another improvement consists in connecting the two lift boards to opposite
ends of a lever on a rocking shaft or centre, so as to act as counterpoises
to each other. In jacquard apparatus for power looms this rocking lever
may be prolonged on one side and jointed to a rod working vertically, and
by which the apparatus is actuated. In applying the apparatus to hand
looms, a double armed lever may be fixed on the rocking shaft in a con-
venient situation for connecting it to the treadles.
Another improvement is a mode of working the jacquard barrel wherein the
barrel is carried in a frame capable of sliding horizontally, the frame being
shifted by means of a zig-zag groove or slot which acts on a pulley carried by
the frame, and which in the case of power looms is attached to the vertical
rod actuating the jacquard apparatus. In hand looms a vertical motion for
actuating the grooved or slotted piece is derived from any suitable part of the
apparatus. This groove is made so as to act on the frame carrying the
jacquard barrel in the same way, whether moving up or down, and each up
stroke and each down stroke brings a fresh card into action.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Morison, senior, and James Morison, junior, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th August 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wė, JAMES
MORISON, senior, and JAMES MORISON, junior, of Paisley, in the County, of
Renfrew, North Britain, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letter's
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said James Morison, senior, and James Morison, junior, Her special
licence that we, the said James Morison, senior, and James Morison, junior,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
James Morison, senior, and James Morison, junior, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United

page_text: Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS USED IN
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said. James
Morison, senior, and James Morison, junior, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Morison, senior, and James
Morison, junior, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to certain improvements in what is known as.
"double-lift" jacquard apparatus, the object of which is to simplify the con-
struction and improve the working action of the apparatus. In double-lift.
jacquard apparatus each mail or eye is connected by separate threads to two
"tails" or knot cords, and on one of such threads being lifted the other is
thrown slack, which makes it liable to be improperly acted upon by the
jacquard needle when it happens to be required to be lifted at the next shed.
This defect is in the present Invention remedied by attaching small weights to
each tail, between the point where the several mail threads are attached to it
and the point where the needles act upon it, so as to insure the tightness of the
tails under all circumstances. It is preferred to use small tubular pieces of
lead or other metal for these weights, the tails being passed through them and
knotted below. Instead of the weights, the same effect may be obtained by
applying springs of caoutchouc or other suitable material to the same part of
the tails. The improvement just described is equally applicable in apparatus
in which the jacquard tails act on the warps through the intervention of leaves.
of heddles.
Another improvement consists in connecting the two lift boards to opposite
ends of a lever on a rocking shaft or centre so as to act as counterpoises to
each other. In jacquard apparatus for power looms this rocking lever may be
prolonged on one side, and jointed to a rod working vertically, and by which
the apparatus is actuated.. In applying the apparatus to hand looms, a double
armed lever may be fixed on the rocking shaft in a convenient situation for
connecting it to the treadles.

page_text: Another improvement is a mode of working the jacquard barrel wherein
the barrel is carried in a frame capable of sliding horizontally, 'the frame being
shifted by means of a groove or slót, portions of which are inclined in opposite
directions, and which acts on a pulley carried by the frame, and in the case of
power looms may be attached or connected to the vertical rod actuating the
jacquard apparatus. In hand looms a vertical motion for actuating the
grooved or slotted piece is derived from any suitable part of the apparatus:
This groove is made so as to act on the frame carrying the jacquard barrel in
the same way in whichever direction it moves, each up stroke and each down
stroke bringing a fresh card into action.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood and carried
into effect, we have delineated upon a Sheet of explanatory Drawings hereunto
appended, and shall now proceed to describe, two modifications of apparatus
embodying our improvements; the same reference letters mark the like parts
in every Figure.
Figure 1 of the Drawings is a vertical section of a jacquard machine taken
parallel to the needles. In this machine, which is of the "double-lift" class, the
tails A hang down from boards B fixed across the top, and pass through eyes
in the horizontal needles C. Above the needles are the two lift boards 'D,
which are guided by rods E, working in guides in the framing, and which are
at each end connected by links F to the opposite arms of a lever G, fast on a
rocking shaft H. The tails A pass through holes in the lift boards D, and
are knotted so as when unacted upon by the needles C, to be caught and
lifted by the lift board D then rising. Some of the vertical files of needles C;
represented in the Figure, are shown as pushed in by the barrel, and the 'cor-
responding tails A are not lifted by the lift board D, shown in action. The
tails A pass through perforated boards I below the needles C, and at a
lower level still through another perforated board J; these 'boards I, J,
serving as guides, which end is also sometimes obtained by employing gratings
of crossed wires: Between the boards I, J, each tail A has fixed to it a small
weight K, which always keeps it tight, so as to be properly acted upon by its
needle C, notwithstanding that the portion of the tail below may be slack, as
shown at L. This slackening occurs in consequence of two tails A, one
appertaining to each lift board D, being connected to each thread or set of
threads M, so that when one of any pair of tails is drawn up, the 'lower end
of the other is also drawn up, so as to throw the upper part thereof slack, as.
shown. The jacquard barrel 'N is carried in a frame, consisting of two end
pieces O, P, connected by side rods Q (only one of which is seen in 'the
Figure), these rods working in guides upon the framing. Between each lift

page_text: the barrel frame moves out, the barrel N turning over a fresh card, whilst the
end piece P dresses up the needles C, to be acted upon on the return inwards
of the barrel N. The barrel frame has fixed on it a bracket R, carrying'an
antifriction roller, which lies in a groove S, in a sliding piece T, connected
to the lever G. The groove S is of a zig-zag form, or has portions inclined in
opposite directions, so as to act on the barrel frame in the same way whether
the slide T rises or falls. The slide T rises with the lift of one lift board D,
and falls with the lift of the other lift board D, and in each case the shape of
the groove causes the out-and-in movement of the jacquard barrel. The
grooved piece T¹ may be made to turn round a centre, as shown in Figure 2,
instead of sliding, the groove S¹ being curved to suit this arrangement.
.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of a jacquard machine constructed to act on
leaves of heddles; in many respects, however, the description of 'Figure 1
applies equally to it.
:
Figure 3 is a plan of one of the lift boards D, the holes in which are each
formed with two slits one-opposite the other. Two tails. A pass through each
hole, and each needle C is formed with four eyes, two receiving the tails from
one hole in one lift board D, and two receiving the tails from one hole in the
other lift board D, distinguishing the tails A, corresponding to the two
needles C, shown in Figure 2, by the letters a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, and the holes
in the lift boards by the letters w, x, y, z, (Figure 2). It will be seen that
the tails a, b, pass through the hole w; c, d, through ; e, f, through y; and
g, h, through z. The tails a, e, are joined below to a single cord k; the
tails b, f, to l; c, g, to m; and d, h, to n.
The cord is connected to the top
of a heddle leaf, and the cord (connected to tails from the same holes w, y,
as those connected to the cord k) is connected to levers below acting by their
other arms on the same heddle leaf, this leaf being thus raised by the cord k
and depressed by the cord ; another heddle leaf is similarly acted upon by
the cords m, n. It follows from this arrangement that if a needle C is acted
upon by the barrel, the corresponding hindmost tail, as e, is lifted, and through
it the cord k and corresponding heddle leaf, whereas if a needle C is unacted
on, the corresponding front tail, as h, is lifted, and through it the cord n, the
corresponding heddle leaf being depressed. Any heddle leaf can thus be either
raised or lowered, whichever lift board D is being raised, and, as in con-
sequence of the arrangement providing for this, a tail A is thrown slack for
every tail lifted. Small weights K are attached to each tail to keep its
upper part straight, that it may be properly acted upon at the succeeding
stroke.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner in

page_text: which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, we have now to
state that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein-before
delineated and described, and that we do not claim to have invented every
seperate detail herein-before delineated or described; but that what we consider
to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement or combination of each modification of
jacquard apparatus herein-before described. .
Second, the application and use, substantially as herein-before described,
of weights or springs to prevent disarrangement of the tails in double-lift
jacquard apparatus.
Third, the herein-beforé described system or mode of arranging the lift
boards of double-lift jacquard apparatus, that is to say, the connecting them
to opposite arms of levers, so as to counterbalance each other.
Fourth, the herein-before described system or mode of shifting the jacquard
barrel, namely, by means of a grooved piece, producing the same effect when
moving in opposite directions.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Morison, senior, and James
Morison, junior, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
fourth day. of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
JAMES MORISON, SEN". (L.S.)
JAMES MORISON JUN. (L.S.)