Improvements in and Connected with the Grinding Rollers Employed for Grinding the Card Wire"
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left. 27th July, 1889-Accepted, 7th Sept., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with the Grinding Rollers Employed
for Grinding the Card Wire" Upon the " "Flats," "Cylinders,"
and "Doffers," and other "Card Wire" Surfaces of Carding-
engines.
We JAMES EDWARD PLATT of Hartford Works Oldham in the county of Lancaster
Engineer and JAMES FIDLER of the same place Machinist do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists in improvements on that mode of constructing a grinding-
roller which along with other matters forms the subject of Letters Patent granted to
Evan Leigh and Frederic Allen Loigh dated March 29th 1865 No. 887.
grooves
According to one method of carrying our invention into effect, instead of forming
the paths of the grooves and ridges in the form of a screw-thread or series of screw-
threads upon or in the surface of the roller to be covered with emery and to be sub-
sequently used for a grinding roller we form in or upon such roller a series of
and ridges. The paths of these grooves and ridges are formed so as to lead or incline
on one side of the roller in the direction of the right hand and on the other side of the
roller in the direction of the left hand so that during each revolution of the roller the
paths of such grooves and ridges will have as it were a to and fro motion in a lateral
direction and we afterwards apply emery to such roller-In order to give a correct
form to the emery applied to the surface of the grinding roller we employ a moulding
roller formed of metal of the saine diameter as and formed with ridges and grooves
corresponding to the grooves and ridges to be formed in the emery applied to the
surface of the grinding roller.
The roller to be employed as a grinding roller is placed in a suitable frame and
revolved whilst a coating of glue and emery is applied thereto.
When the glue is sufficiently "set" the said roller is placed in a suitable frame
in which is the moulding roller above mentioned. We so gear the roller to be
employed as a grinding roller and the moulding roller together by means of toothed
gearing or other suitable means, that each roller will make the saine number of
revolutions in a given time and so that the ridges in the said moulding roller will
enter into the grooves in the roller to be used as a grinding roller-We cause the said
rollers to be revolved and while such rollers are being revolved a further coating of
glue and emery is applied to the roller to be employed as a grinding roller and the
said rollers are then whilst revolving pressed or held together so that the emery upon
the grinding roller will be formed into an even and regular surface formed with
ridges and grooves each placed as it were in a plane at an angle to the axis of the
grinding roller-When fit for removal the grinding roller is placed in a suitable stove
or other suitable place to dry.
Sometimes we apply steam or any other suitable heating agent to the interior of
the moulding roller in order to facilitate the process of hardening the glue.
According to another part of our invention we in some cases employ a moulding
roller formed of metal provided with grooves and ridges similar to and having the
same characteristics as the grooves and ridges formed in the moulding roller above
mentioned in reference to the previous part of our invention, for forming ridges and
grooves upon or in the surface of emery glued or cemented upon the surface of a
plain roller in which no grooves and ridges have been formed and which plain roller
is of about the same diameter as the moulding roller.
The roller to be employed as a grinding roller is placed in a suitable frame and
revolved whilst a coating of glue and emery is applied thereto.
When the glue is sufficiently "set" the said roller is placed in a suitable frame in

page_text: which is mounted the moulding roller above mentioned-We so gear the roller to be
employed as a grinding roller and the moulding roller together by means of toothed
gearing or other suitable méans that each roller will make the same number of
revolutions in a given time-We cause the said rollers to be revolved and while such
rollers are being revolved a further coating of glue and emery is applied to the roller
to be employed as a grinding roller and the said rollers are then whilst revolving
pressed or held together-During a continued rotation of the rollers the grooves and
ridges of the moulding roller will cause grooves and ridges similar in character to
those of the moulding roller to be formed in the emery upon the plain roller-When
fit for removal the grinding roller is placed in a suitable stove or other suitable place
to dry-Sometimes we apply steam or any other suitable heating agent to the
interior of the moulding roller in order to facilitate the process of hardening
the glue.
A further part of our invention consists in employing a "moulding roller pro-
vided with grooves and ridges having the same characteristics as the moulding roller
described in reference to a previous part of our invention for forming grooves and
ridges in emery glued or cemented to cloth or other material which cloth or other
material with the emery glued or cemented thereto may afterwards be secured around
a roller so as to form a grinding surface.
The cloth or other material to which the emery is to be secured wo mount upon a
roller and place such roller in a suitable frame in which such roller is revolved-
While the said roller is being revolved we apply a coating of glue and emery to the
cloth or other material mounted upon the said roller-When the glue is sufficiently
« set we place the said roller in a suitable frame in which is mounted the moulding
roller above mentioned and cause the moulding roller and the roller upon which the
cloth or other material is mounted to be geared together by means of toothed wheels
or in any other suitable manner and rotated--While the said rollers are being revolved
a further coating of glue and emery is applied to the cloth or other material above
mentioned and the said rollers are then whilst revolving pressed or held together-
After the emery and glue have been operated upon to the desired extent the roller
upon which the cloth or other material is mounted is placed in a suitable stove or
other suitable place to dry and afterwards the said. cloth or other material may be
removed from the roller upon which it was previously placed and may afterwards be
secured to a plain roller so as to form thereon a grinding surface having the same
characteristics as the grinding rollers previously described.
By forming a grinding roller according to our invention we are enabled to dispense
with traversing the grinding roller to and fro in the direction of its length except in
the case of our invention being applied to the grinding rollers known as
: Horsfall's
grinders "in which case the grinding rollers will be traversed as is usual.
When our invention is applied to one of the grinding rollers known as
grinders" such grinding roller is rendered more efficient in action.
"Horsefalls
Grinding rollers formed according to our invention are particularly applicable to
grinding the "card wire" surfaces of the revolving "flats" employed in certain
carding-engines but such grinding rollers are also applicable for grinding the
cylinders """doffers" and "rollers" and other "card wire" surfaces employed in
carding-engines.
Grinding rollers constructed according to our invention may also be employed in
the grinding machines used for grinding the ordinary rollers and in the machines
used for grinding the "card-wire" surfaces of "flats" before or after such "flats
are applied to the carding-engines in which they are to be employed.
"
Although we have only referred to the paths of the grooves and ridges formed in
accordance with our invention as being formed so as to lead or incline on one side of
the roller in the direction of the right hand and on the other in the direction of the
left hand we would have it understood that the paths of such grooves and ridges may
be made in different forms for instance, they may be made so as to have as it were an
undulating path which as a whole is inclined to the axis of the roller upon or in which
the grooves and ridges are formed.

page_text: Although we have above referred to glue as being employed to secure the emery
employed to rollers or to cloth or other material any other suitable cement may bo
employed in place of glue.
Dated this Twenty sixth day of September 1888.
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
$6
"
Improvements in and Connected with the Grinding Rollers Employed
for Grinding the "Card-wire" Upon the "Flats," Cylinders,'
and Doffers," and other "Card Wire" Surfaces of Carding-
⚫ engines.
We JAMES EDWARD PLATT of Hartford Works, Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer and JAMES FIDLER of the same place, Machinist do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our Invention consists in improvements in the mode of constructing grinding-
rollers having the well-known grooved surfaces, the earliest type of which along with
other matters forms the subjoct of Letters patent granted to Evan Leigh and
Frederick Allen Leigh dated March 29th 1865, Number 887, the specification of
which Letters patent, amongst other matters, refers to forming a screw-thread or
screw-threads in the grinding-roller before covering the said roller with emery.
Our invention consists in methods for forming in or upon the surface of the roller
which is afterwards to be used as a grinding roller a series of grooves and ridges the
paths of which grooves and ridges are so formed as to lead or inclino on one side of
the roller in the direction of the right hand and on the other side of the roller in the
direction of the left hand so that during each revolution of the roller the paths of
such grooves and ridges will have as it were a to and fro motion in a lateral direc-
tion In Figs. 1 and 6 of the accompanying drawings Fig. 6 being a diagram tho
line A B represents the position of the plane in which one of the grooves or ridges
formed in the roller to be used as a grinding-roller is when the said roller is in one
position and the line C D in Fig. represents the position of such plane when the
said roller has performed half a revolution, during the performance of which half
revolution the plane in which the said groove or ridge is formed will have moved
through the angular distance A E C in Fig. 6.
According to the first part of our invention we form in the surface of the roller m
to be afterwards used as a grinding roller, grooves and ridges s formed so that they
will lead or incline on one side of the roller in the direction of the right hand and on
the other side of the roller in the direction of the left hand and apply to the surface
of such roller emery which may be secured thereto by means of glue or any other
suitable cement or material. In order to give a correct form to the surface of the
roller to be employed as a grinding roller we employ a moulding roller shown in
Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings and preferably formed of metal which moulding
roller is of the same diameter or about the same diameter as the roller to be used as
a grinding roller and is formed with grooves and ridges corresponding to the
ridges sand grooves » formed in the roller to be used as a grinding roller and to the
ridges s and grooves r to be formed in the emery applied to the surface of the roller
to be used as a grinding roller.
The roller to be used as a grinding roller is placed in a frame in which is mounted
the moulding roller above mentioned. The moulding roller and the roller to be used
as a grinding roller are arranged either so that one may be pressed against the other
or so that each may be pressed against the other. The moulding roller and the roller
to be used as a grinding roller are geared together so that each will be caused to make
the same number of revolutions in a given time and have the same surface velocity.
The relative positions of the two rollers are adjusted 50 that the ridges in the

page_text: moulding roller will enter into the grooves in the roller to be used as a grinding
roller while the ridges s in the roller to be used as a grinding roller will enter into the
grooves s¹ in the moulding roller. The roller to be used as a grinding roller is then
caused to revolve whilst a coating of glue and emery is applied thereto. When the
glue is sufficiently "set" but whilst such glue is still in a plastic state the moulding
roller is pressed against the roller to be used as a grinding roller and whilst the rollers
are being revolved together a further coating of glue and emery is applied to the
roller to be used as a grinding roller. The moulding roller and the roller to be used
as a grinding roller are then whilst kept revolving pressed together until the emery
upon the roller to be used a grinding roller is formed into an even, regular and
consolidated surface having grooves and ridges seach placed, as it were, in a plane
at an angle to the axis of the roller to be used as a grinding roller. When fit for
removal from the frame aforesaid the roller to be used as a grinding roller is placed
in a stove or other suitable place to dry and become fit for use as a grinding
roller.
In the accompanying drawing Fig. 1 shows a portion of a roller which is to be
subsequently used as a grinding roller and Fig. 2 shows such portion of the roller
when turned a quarter of a revolution from the position in which it is indicated in
Fig. 1 and Fig. 4 is an end view of the roller. Fig. 3 shews a metal roller the
surface of which is formed with grooves s¹ and ridges and used to form or mould
the emery upon the surface of the roller to be subsequently used as a grinding
roller.
Fig. 5 shews a portion of the roller (m) when it is covered with a fillet of cloth
or other material as referred to in the description of the third part of our
invention.
In carrying our invention into effect, we employ the machine or apparatus illus-
trated in Figs. 7 and 8, Fig. 7 being an end view and Fig. 8 a front elevation.
a. a are standards carried by and secured to a bed b. c is a moulding roller
preferably formed of metal. The ends of the axle c' of the roller c are supported by
and free to be turned in bearings a¹ formed in the standards a. a. In the circum-
ference of the roller c are formed grooves s' and ridges of the form and character
previously described in reference to Fig. 3. The roller c receives rotary motion by
means of the strap d from the shafte which shaft e is driven in any convenient
manner. Formed upon cach of the standards a. a are guides a upon which are
mounted brackets of capable of being slidden nearer to or farther from the axis of the
roller c.
Carried by bearings formed upon the standards a. a is a shaft g capable of
being rotated by means of the wheel h, worm j and handle k. Formed upon opposite
ends of the shaft g are excentrics g' which are provided with connecting rods / by
which they are connected to studs upon the brackets f. Each of the brackets fis
provided with a bearing adapted to hold one end of the axle m' of the roller m to
be subsequently used as a grinding roller.
The letter m is intended to represent either a roller having grooves and ridges as
described with reference to the first part of our invention or a plain roller as described
with reference to the second part of our invention or a plain roller having a long
narrow fillet or strip of cloth or other material wrapped spirally round it as described
with reference to the third part of our invention, the letter m being used in the
drawings to denote each of the above different kinds of grinding roller or grinding
appliance. When the handle & is turned in one direction or the other the shaft y,
excentrics g and connecting rods will cause the roller m to be moved towards or
withdrawn from the roller c and will cause the axis of the roller m to remain parallel
with the axis of the roller c while the roller m is being moved. Fast upon the
axle m is a toothed wheel m² which gears into a toothed wheel of the same
size fast upon the axle c¹ of the roller c. The rollers c and m are of about the
same diameter and will by means of the toothed wheels m' and mounted upon
the axles of such rollers m and c be caused to perform the same number of
revolutions in a given time. Formed upon the standards a. a are bearings a which
support the ends of a shaft n fast upon which are arms in which are formed

page_text: The
bearings which support so as to be free to be rotated therein the opposite ends of
the axle o of a metal roller o. Fast upon the axle o is a wheel of the teeth
of which at times gear into those of the wheel m³. The wheel o² is so proportioned
to the wheel m² that the surface speed of the roller o will be the same as the surface
speed of the roller m. Fast upon the shaft n is a wheel n² into which gears a worm p,
the axle of which is carried in bearings formed on one of the standards a.
axle pl of the worm p is provided with a handle p² by means of which it may be
turned. Secured to the standards a, a are brackets a in which are formed bearings
which support the axle gl of a brush-roller q preferably covered with wire cards. The
brush-roller ፃ receives rotary motion from the shaft e by means of the strap q².
The roller o
having been raised by the handle p² being turned in the required
direction a roller m to be afterwards used as a grinding roller is placed in the
bearings formed in the brackets f. The brackets are then adjusted by means
of the handle k so that the surface of the roller m will be at a little distance from
the surface of the roller c and the rollers c and m are then caused to rotate.
Whilst the rollers and m are rotating a coating of glue and emery or einery and
other suitable cement or material is applied to the surface of the roller m. The
handle is then turned to cause the coating of glue and emery or emery and
cement or other material to be pressed against the roller c while such coating of
glue and emery or emery and cement or other material is in a plastic state. While
the roller m and the roller e which latter for convenience we shall call the "moulding
roller"
c, are rotating the roller o is lowered into contact with the coating of glue
and emery or emery and cement or other material upon the roller m and so adjusted
that should there be any inequalities in the thickness of the coating of glue and
emery or emery and cement or other material the thicker portions of the coating
will be pressed down and the surface of the coating of glue and emery or emery
and cement or other material will be made of an uniform diameter throughout the
entire length of the roller m. The handle is then further turned so as to press
the coating of glue and emery or emery and cement or other material upon the
roller m against the grooves s¹ and ridges ¹ formed on the moulding roller c and so
cause such coating of glue and emery or emery and cement or other material to be
impressed by the grooves s and ridges forined on the moulding roller c. The
brush-roller is for the purpose of removing any glue and emery or emery and
cement or other material which may adhere to the grooves and ridges of the moulding
roller c.
After the roller m to be afterwards used as a grinding roller has been
moulded by the moulding roller c to the extent desired the handle k is turned so
as to move the roller m out of contact with the moulding roller cand the roller o is
raised out of contact with the roller m. The roller m is afterwards placed in a
stove or other suitable place to dry and become fit for use as a grinding roller.
According to the second part of our invention we in some cases employ the
moulding roller c provided with grooves and ridges for forming grooves
and ridges
upon or in the surface of emery glued or cemented upon the surface
of a plain roller, for the purpose of forming such plain roller into a grinding
roller having the same kind of grooves r and ridges s as the grinding roller m already
described with reference to the first part of our invention.
y
The plain roller m to be afterwards employed as a grinding roller and which is
slightly smaller in diameter than the roller m previously referred to with reference to
the first part of our invention is placed in the bearings f' shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
The plain roller m after being adjusted to the moulding roller c is caused to revolve
whilst a coating of glue and emery is applied thereto in the manner already described
with reference to the first part of our invention.
The third part of our invention consists in employing the moulding roller c
provided with grooves s' and ridges for forming grooves r and ridges & in einery,
glued or cemented to cloth or other material which cloth or other material with the
emery glued or cemented thereto may afterwards be coiled spirally round and secured
to a plain roller so as to form a grinding roller as shown in Fig. 5.
The cloth t or other material to which the emery is to be secured by glue or cement

page_text: is for convenience formed into a fillet or long narrow strip which is then wrapped
spirally round the roller m which is formed of a suitable diameter to allow for the
thickness of the cloth wound on it the ends of the cloth or other material being secured
to the roller m in a suitable manner so as to keep the cloth t or other material wound
tightly on to the roller m.
shown in
The roller m covered with filleting is then placed in the bearings
Fig. 7 and 8.
The roller covered with filleting, after being adjusted to the moulding roller c is
caused to revolve whilst a coating of glue and emery is applied to the surface of the
filleting of cloth t or other material in the manner already described with reference to
the first part of our invention.
The roller m, covered with filleting t, is then placed in a stove or other suitable
place to dry to render the glue and emery upon the surface of the cloth t or other
material fit for use as a grinding surface. Afterwards the said filleting of cloth t or
other material may be removed. from the roller m upon which it is wound and when
required to be formed into a grinding roller may be coiled spirally round and secured
to a plain roller so as to form thereon a grinding surface having the same characteristics
as the grinding rollers m previously described.
By these improved methods of forming grinding rollers wo are enabled to dispense
with traversing the grinding roller to and fro in the direction of its length when such
roller is employed in grinding card wire except in the case of our invention being
applied to the grinding rollers known as "Horsefalls grinders" in which case the
grinding rollers will be traversed as usual.
When our invention is used for forming the grinding rollers known as "Horsefalls'
grinders" such grinding rolls are rendered more efficient in action.
Grinding rollers formed by means of our invention are particularly applicable to
grinding the "card wire" surfaces of the revolving flats employed in certain carding-
engines but such grinding rollers are also applicable for grinding the "cylinders,"
"doffers" and rollers and other "card wire" surfaces employed in carding-engines.
Grinding rollers having surfaces formed in accordance with our invention may also be
employed in the grinding machines used for grinding the ordinary rollers and in the
machines used for grinding the "card wire." surfaces of "flats" before or after such
"flats" are applied to the carding-engines in which they are to be employed.
Although we have only referred to the paths of the grooves and ridges s formed
by means of our invention as being formed so as to lead or incline on one side of the
roller in the direction of the right hand and on the other in the direction of the
left hand we would have it understood that the paths of such grooves and ridges may
be made in different forms, for instance, they may be made so as to have it as it were,
an undulating path which as a whole is inclined to the axis of the roller upon or in
which the grooves and ridges are formed. Any description of groove which can
be formed on the moulding roller c may be formed on the grinding rollers m or on the
emery surface of the cloth or other material t. Instead of the wheels c and m³ used
for gearing the rollers c and m together any other suitable arrangement of gearing
may be used for this purpose without departing from our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
*
"
of
1. The hereinbefore described method of forming in the emery upon the surface
of the grooved grinding roller m, to be employed for grinding the "card wire" upon
the "
"flats," cylinders" and doffers and other "card wire" surfaces
carding-engines, grooves and ridges such as grooves and ridges s each placed, as it
were, in a plane inclined to the axis of the said grinding roller and which method
consists in the use of a moulding roller c coupled by gearing to the said roller m
which is to be formed into a grinding roller substantially in the manner and for the
purposes hereinbefore described in reference to and indicated in and by the accom-
panying drawings.

page_text: 2. The hereinbefore described method of forming in the emery upon the surface
of a plate roller m to be employed for grinding the "card wire upon the "flats,"
cylinders" and "doffers" and other "card wire "surfaces of carding-engines, grooves
and ridges such as grooves r and ridges each placed, as it were, in a plane inclined to
the axis of the said grinding roller and which method consists in the use of a moulding
roller c coupled by gearing to the said roller m which is to be formed into a
grinding roller substantially in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described in reference to and indicated in and by the accompanying drawings.
"
upon
3. The hereinbefore described method of forming in the emery glued or cemented
to a fillet or strip of cloth or other material mounted on a roller m, which fillet
or strip of cloth is afterwards to be employed for grinding the "card wire"
the "flats," "cylinders" and "doffers" and other "card wire surfaces of carding-
engines, grooves and ridges such as grooves and ridges s each placed, as it were, in
a plane inclined to the axis of the said roller m which method consists in the use of a
moulding roller c coupled by gearing to the said roller m substantially in the manner
and for the purposes herein before described in reference to and indicated in and by
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Prranter sixth day of T.... 19en
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicants.