IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND WINDING YARNS
Year: 1884

page_text: I DAVID MAITLAND of number 17 Cross Street Castleton-by-Rochdale in the
County of Lancaster Mill Manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND WINDING YARNS" to be as
follows:-
My invention has for its object the spinning and winding of yarn by means of a
revolving shell fixed on a stationery rail, and a spindle fixed on a moveable or
lifting rail obviating the use of a ring and traveller as heretofore.
The first part of my arrangement consists of a spindle provided with a wharve
near its bottom extremity and mounted at its bottoin extremity on a rail, in which
the same is free to rotate and to which a suitable upward and downward motion is
given by means of an adjustable cam or cams or other suitable pattern surface or
surfaces, actuating a lever or rods connected to the said rail.
The spindle passes in its vertical direction through a stationery rail thus forming
a bearing surface at that part of the spindle. On this rail is mounted a truly
turned cylindrical or other shaped hollow metal shell partly encasing the spindle,
the internal diameter of the shell being suflicient to allow the free passage of the
yarn on the spindle in the form of a cop during the operation of spinning; the same
being free to rotate and is provided with a wharve near its bearing at its bottom
end. The shell and the spindle have one common axis, the shell in its vertical
direction passes through another fixed or stationery rail, preferably through a loose
bush or collar inserted in the rail, thus at a part between its upper and its fixed
extremity a bearing is formed on its external diameter thus ensuring steadiness
during the rotary motion of the shell. Again, on this last named shell at its upper
extremity is a projecting loop or eye through which the yarn passes on to the
spindle from the rollers, through a guide wire.
The upward and downward motion of the spindle on the lifting rail effects the
form of the cop. The rotary motion is imparted to the wharve on the shell from a
tin roller on a jack box shaft, as is used in an ordinary roving frame and is
well understood; which shaft rotates at an uniform velocity, the rotary motion
imparted to the wharve on the spindle is a differential or variable motion and is
communicated from a tin roller on a shaft termed the "swing shaft" which is well
understood.
When the winding of the yarn is commenced at the cop bottom, the spindle is
rotated at a high velocity and decreases in velocity as the diameter of the conical

page_text: portion of the cop increases; and correspondingly increases and decreases in velocity
as the apex or base of any part of the cop is formed during the process of spinning;
the yarn, and so on continues until the cop is wound.
The variable or differential velocity of the spindle is necessary so as to wind on
the yarn as it is delivered from the delivery rollers, and the velocity of the shell
is maintained at an uniform speed having a slower speed than the spindle, so as to
give the necessary twist on the yarn.
It is obvious that the spindlo will be free from oscillations or irregular
movements during its rotary motion otherwise than its necessary rotary motion;
thus obviating the tendency of the yarn to break when the spindle is revolving at
a high velocity.
And again the shell acting as an auxilliary winder and having a motion
independent of the spindle consequently results in a more even winding of the
yaru and being more effectually guided on to the spindle and obviates the necessity
of the yarn dragging round the ring and traveller has heretofore.
The second part of this invention consists of an arrangement of mechanism for
effecting the differential or variable motion to the swing shaft, which drives the
spindle. A wheel is keyed on the jack box shaft and gives a rotary motion by
the agency of a train of wheels to a cone drum in an elevated position above
another cone druin, the lower drum is caused to rotate by means of a strap from
the upper drum, on the shaft of the lower cone drum is a wheel which by the
agency of a train of wheels gives a rotary motion to the plate wheel on the jack
box shaft and thus communicates motion to swing shaft as is well understood.
A lever fixed at or near its bottom end on a pin or pivot, rn which it is free to
rotate; is placed in front of the cone drums in a transverse direction, this lever is
provided with a slot for the reception of a screw upon which is fitted one end
of a forked shaped strap guide, the same being in contact with the strap on
the cone drums,
A reciprocating motion is given to the lever being operated upon at or near its
bottom extremity by a cam or suitable pattern surfaco thus moving the strap in
corresponding directions on the peripheries of the cone drums, consequently
varying the velocity of the lower cone drum, thereby transmitting a differential or
variable motion to the tin roller on the swing shaft which shaft communicates
motion to the spindle.
Again the screw arrangement is caused to rotate intermittently at each motion
of the lever thus increasing or decreasing the radius of the strap guide in relation
to the axis of the pin or pivot. The office of the screw arrangement being to adjust
and regulate the distance of travel of the strap on the peripheries of the cone
drums in their longitudinal direction thus increasing or diminishing the velocity of
the spindles as desired during the formation of the cop.
When the cop is completed the spindle is suitably rotated to commence tho
formation of a new cop, preparatory to doffing the same as is well understood in
ordinary spinning machinery.
Dated this 16th day of January One thousand eight hundred and eighty four

page_text: I DAVID MAITLAND of 17 Cross Street Castleton-by-Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Mill manager do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND WINDING YARNS" and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to machines for spinning and winding yarn and comprises
the arrangement of a revolving shell fixed in a stationary rail and a spindle fixed
on a movable or lifting rail the said spindle having a differential motion and the
said shell having a motion independent of the spindle, thereby obviating the use of
a ring and traveller as heretofore.
In order that my invention may be better understood I will describe the same
with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved spinning machine shewing one
frame end and one spindle with the necessary stationary and lifting rails.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the parts shown in Figure 1, one spindle being in
section.
Figure 3 is a plan of the machine.
A indicates the main driving shaft of my machine from which all the motions
necessary for the working of the same are imparted, the said shaft being operated
by the pulleys B.
One extremity of the shaft A is provided with a worm C which gears into a
worm wheel D on a vertical shaft E, the said shaft E being provided with a
suitable bevel wheel F which engages with a corresponding bevel wheel on the
shaft C and rotates the same. Upon the shaft G are mounted two wheels HH'
which engage with other wheels 11. The said wheels are adapted to slide upon
their respective shafts but are not all in operation at the same time. For the
purpose of driving either set as required pins F F are fixed in the said shafts and
are adapted to enter slots formed in the hubs of the said wheels. When the
wheels are moved in one direction upon their shafts one set is thrown into
engagement with the pins whereby motion is imparted to them, the other set
running freely upon the shafts; when moved in the opposite direction the other
set of wheels is driven it being understood that only one set of wheels is operative
at one time.
I will assume that the wheel Fl is in operative connection with the wheel I, the
latter is consequently rotated, and through the medium of the bevel wheels K and
intermediate shaft K* communicates rotary motion to the slotted shaft J, and
thence through the medium of the bevel wheels M and the shaft M to the shaft L
which is parallel with the shaft J, the said shafts being carried by suitable bearings
at any convenient points between their extremities.
Upon the shafts J, L are mounted wornis N' N respectively, which gear with
wheels 00. The wheels 00' gear with wheels P P¹ on the lower extremities of
the screw threaded rods R R' the former of which is fitted in an oscillating lever S
while the latter is arranged in a standard St.
Upon the screws R R are fitted nuts or blocks T T¹ which slide in the lever S
and standard S¹ respectively, so that when the screws are rotated at an equal
velocity the said blocks are caused to traverse the length of the screw rods R, R¹.
The nut or block T¹ carries a pin or pivot U to which the block T is connected
so as to be free to rotate thereon. The lower part of the bar S is operated upon
by a heart shaped cam or wheel V, to which rotary motion is imparted from tho
driving shaft A through the medium of the bevel gear wheels and worm W W,
whereby the said lever is caused to oscillate upon the pin or pivot U.
As the rotary motion of the screw rods causes the blocks to descend or traverse

page_text: the said screws, the position of the pin or pivot U varies, thereby increasing the
distance between the upper part of the lever and the axis of the pivot and
correspondingly increasing the distance through which the strap guide X travels.
Through the strap guide X passes the driving band Y which runs upon the cone
drum (rotated through the medium of the level wheels Z¹) and the drum A¹.
A variable or differential motion is imparted to the drum A' according as the
strap recedes from or approaches one or the, other extremity of the drum Z.
To one extremity of the drum A' is attached a gear wheel B³ engaging
with a gear wheel B", which communicates rotary motion to a roller shaft C'
through the intermediate wheel C and a wheel upon the said shaft C. The
wheel B, the intermediate wheel C1 and one end of the roller shaft C' are carried
by a suitable swinging frame C¹¹ suspended at one end from the shaft A¹ (which
is fixed in a suitable rigid bearing), by a connection or link D' which is free to
oscillate or turn upon the axis of the shaft A', the other end of the frame is
supported on the lifting rail D" which will be hereinafter referred to as is also the
bearing for the other end of the shaft C'.
By reason of the arrangement of the cone drum a variable or differential motion
will be transmitted from the druin A¹ to the tin-roller shaft C', which shaft by
means of the tin-roller C and the band D transmits a differential motion to the
wharve E on the spindle E¹¹.
My object in rotating the spindles at a variable or differential velocity is to effect
and ensure the proper winding of the yarn on the spindle during the formation of
a cop, or, to explain more clearly, so that when the winding of the yarn is
commenced at the cop bottom the spindle shall be rotated at a high velocity which
shall diminish as the diameter of the conical portion of the cop increases, and also
correspondingly increase and decrease as any part of the cop is formed during the
process of spinning the yarn, until the cop is wound.
When the cop bottom is formed the blocks T, T', have traversed a certain distance
of the screw rods R R¹, at this point a projection on the block T is caused to
engage with suitable levers in connection with the wheels H H and I, I', whereby
the wheels H1 are caused to engage with the pins F, F, and thereby receive
motion from the shaft G. At the same time the wheels H and I are moved out of
engagement with their pins and thereby become inoperative. By reason of this
alteration of the gearing a much slower motion than beforo is imparted to the
screws R R At the same time that the wheels H³ l'are thrown into gear and by
similar means the wheels U one of which is on one oxtremity of the shaft J are
also thrown into gear, whereby rotary motion is imparted to the screw U which
passes through a nut Un at the bottom of the standard S. The said standard and
with it the lever S is thus caused to travel in a suitable direction for the purpose
of enabling the strap guide X to be thrown towards the large end of the cono
drum, and correspondingly increase the speed of the spindles, which is necessary in
order to properly wind the yarn at the taper ends of the spindles at the tapering
portion.
On a fixed longitudinal rail V¹ I fix a truly turned cylindrical shell having at
its lower end a long collar or sleeve V" concentric with the spindle E" and enclosing
the same. The said sleeve is supported at its lower end by a fixed longitudinal
rail V
The said shell is of sufficient diameter to allow the upward and downward
movements of the cop on the spindle hereinafter to be described. At any con-
venient part of the shell is fixed a wharve W' which is operated by a suitable band
from the tin-roller W" on the main shaft A.
The said shell is provided at its upper part with a suitable opening or aperture
through which the yarn from the delivery rollers passes to the spindle, the said
aperture guides the yarn on to the spindle in the desired direction for the spinning
of twist or weft. As the shell has motion independant of the spindle and as the
yarn passes through the aperture on to the spindle at right angles thereto its
position is constant, thereby effecting an oven tension of the yarn throughout the

page_text: formation of the cop and obviating the necessity of dragging round a ring or
traveller as heretofore, thus preventing any unnecessary strain upon the yarn.
The spindles E are supported by the lifting rails D" one of which may be
arranged upon each side of the machine extending the whole length thereof and
may carry any number of spindles. Each spindle passes through the interior of the
sleeve or collar of a shell and upwards through the latter and is driven from one of
the tin-rollers to which a variable motion is imparted as before stated.
The motion of the lifting rail is effected by means of a suitable flexible cord,
chain or band K¹ which passes over suitable carrier pullies K" and is connected to
a block K attached to one end of the lever S.
The said block K slides in guides K¹¹ thereby alternately tightening and
releasing the cord K³, rotary motion is thus imparted to the shaft upon which the
pulley L' is mounted. This shaft has attached to it flexible cords or chains L"
passing over pullies L which cords are secured to the lifting rail D". As the
block K traverses the slides K¹¹ the rail D¹ is correspondingly raised and
lowered.
I provide suitable mechanism in connection with the chain or cord K³ the purpose
of which is to adjust the lowering and the lifting of the rail, This mechanism
comprises suitable gear wheels M' to which motion is communicated through the
vertical shaft E and the gear wheels M. The wheel M transmits motion through
suitable bevel gearing to the screw M, whereby the pulley Mat:ached to a
sleeve upon the said screw is caused to traverse the said screw M. By means of
this mechanism the spindle or lifting rail can be suitably lowered when necessary
during the process of spinning.
When the operation of spinning is commenced the position of the lower part of
the spindle is situate at the upper part of the shell the cop bottom thus being
formed in the lower part of the spindle the reciprocating motion of the pulley L'
obviously transmits an upward and downward motion to the lifting rail D" by the
agency of the cord L" this motion being necessary for the formation of the chaso
of the cop and as the pulley M is caused to descend the screw M11 before
described the rail is gradually lowered as desired consequently the spindle until the
cop is formed.
I wish it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise construction
hereinbefore described, as it is obvious that I may modify the details of the same
without departing from the nature of my invention, for instance I may dispense
with the screw in the lever S and causo the block T to slide in the slot therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is
First. In a machine for spinning and winding yarn, the employment of a spindle
which is arranged in combination with the apparatus herein described, or with
other suitable apparatus for varying its motion, in order to compensate for the
varying diameters of the different parts of the spindle, and of the cop as it is being
wound.
Second. The combination with the spindle of the shell for facilitating the regular
laying of the yarn upon the cop as it is being formed, substantially as described.
Third. The combination of the lever S, the standard S' the screw for moving
the same, the screws RR', the pivot blocks T T', the cam V and suitable mechanism
for operating the said parts, substantially as, and for the purposo, described.
Deted this 17th day of October 1884