IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OILS OR LIQUIDS FROM SEEDS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the
County of Middlesex Gentleman for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OILS OR LIQUIDS FROM SEEDS AND OTHER
MATERIALS Communicated to him from abroad by Paul Dubard Brenot
the younger and Ernest Dubard Brenot the younger both of Paris in the
Republic of France
n
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1882.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OILS OR LIQUIDS
FROM SEEDS AND OTHER MATERIALS" A communication to me from abroad by
Paul Dubard Brenot the younger and Ernest Dubard Brenot the younger both
of Paris in the Republic of France,
This Invention relates principally to the cage or receptacle for the material to
be pressed in oil presses whereby the operation of pressing is enabled to be
performed with greater efficiency economy and expedition than heretofore
The methods of pressing commonly employed in the manufacture of oil from
seeds necessitate much labour and expense in repairing the bags and envelopes
for containing the seed during the pressing operation and which bags or envelopes
are very liable to become torn by the pressure to which they are exposed
According to this Invention these bags or envelopes are dispensed with a metal
cage being employed to contain the seed or material during the operation of
pressing. This cage presents narrow spaces for the escape of the expressed liquid
between the bars of which its sides are composed
In order to separate the different charges of seed metal plates are employed
covered with hair and wool
This cage or receptacle is capable of being applied to a hydraulic press of
ordinary construction in substitution for the bags or apparatus usually employed
Price d

page_text: between the upper and lower plates or plattens of the press and may be employed
to produce cakes of the same form and dimensions as those produced by the
ordinary appliances
In carrying out this Invention as applied to a hydraulic oil press the improved
receptacle or cage is suspended between the columns or uprights of the press
along which it is capable of sliding on guides resting upon studs screwed into the
columns The cage is thus capable of sliding vertically between the four columns
and when in the position for charging the press allows the upper platten or plunger
of the press to be pushed back clear of the upper end of the cago a for which
purpose the said plate is provided with a handle, and slides in grooves so that it
can be pushed back out of the way in order to enable the cage to be filled or
emptied a suitable stop being provided to arrest the motion of the plate when
drawn forward so as to stop it in the right position for entering the cage as the
latter rises
The lower platten or plunger is immoveable laterally and when the cage is in
its lowest position and the piston or plunger of the ram is at the bottom of its
stroke the upper surface of the plate is about half an inch above the lower edge
of the cage of which it forms the bottom
Two of the sides of the cage are formed by walls or plates of iron or cast steel
―These side walls are connected to a back wall of similar construction by hinges
turning on pins extending along the entire height of the cage-The side walls are
provided at the front part of the cage with eyes or loops engaging with two
hinge pins which connect the sides with the parts forming the front of the cage-
The front is made somewhat wider than the back in order to facilitate the removal
of the pressed materials
The front wall of the cage is divided horizontally into as many hinged sections
ns there are cakes to be contained in the apparatus
Each of these sections is composed of an outer arm hinged to one side of the
cage and an inner arm hinged to the opposite side-These arms fit accurately
against each other and a series of Sections so formed constitutes when closed a
wall shutting in the whole of the front of the cage and effectually, preventing the
seed from escaping
The inner arm of each section of the front is in the form of a wedge one side
of which when the cage is closed is parallel with the plane in which the front
hinge pins on opposite sides of the press are situated the said sides of these
arms forming the front of the press whilst the other sides of the arms lie at an
angle to this plane
When the front is closed the inner arm fits closely against the front edges of
the sides of the cage and presents externally an inclined surface against which
the outer arm is caused to press The latter is composed of two flat plates
arranged above and below the corresponding eye on which they turn and which
forms part of the side of the cage-The two plates are hinged to one side of the
cage at one end and are connected together at the opposite ends by a screwed
stud or pin
The inclined or outer side of the inner arm is provided with a web which
passes between the two plates forming the outer arm when the cage is closed-At
the same time both the upper and lower edges of the two arms are brought evenly
together and the vertical thickness of the two arms thus united exactly equals
the thickness of a charge of unpressed seed corresponding to a pressed cake of
ordinary dimensions
The arms are maintained closed by means of a cam operated by a suitable
handle and turning upon the pin connecting the ends of the plates forming the
outer arm
When the arms are folded together to close the cage the cam engages with a
recess formed in the web on the back of the inner arm and by continuing to turn
the cam until its longest radius stands at about right angles to the sides of the
cage the said sides are drawn together and when the cam is in this position the

page_text: strain on the sides of the cage during the pressing simply tends to draw the cam
tighter-When the pressure is removed the cam may be readily disengaged from
the recess in the web by means of the handle which also facilitates the manipu-
lation of the outer arm to which the cam is attached-The sides of the cage can
then be moved outwards to a small extent to facilitate the removal of the
contents
To prevent the occurrence of accidents arising from the neglect of the workmen
to place the cams in the proper position for securing the arms the cams are simul-
taneously secured by means of a safety bar provided with a ring at the upper end
which ring is placed over the end of the hinge pin on which the inner arms turn-
By pressing this safety bar against the handles of the cams the correct position of
the handles and consequently that of the cams may be simultaneously ensured.
The lower extremity of the safety bar is secured by a hook turning on the lower
end of the hinge pin of the inner arms This safety bar is constructed with a
view to being employed in various other operations connected with the working of
the apparatus for example one end is shaped like a crow bar and may be used
for lifting the mass of cakes when emptying the cage-The opposite extremity
of the bar is bent, and provided with a cross pin so as to enable the bar to be
used as a lever for opening two fastenings at a time when the latter are too stiff
to be turned by hand
The straight sides of the inner arms forming the internal surface of the front of
the cage present small slits or narrow openings communicating with channels
formed in the body of the arms along the surface of the whole of the inner arms
for the escape of the oil expressed
The sides and back of the cage are provided with filtering surfaces composed of a
series of pairs of filtering bars of T Section alternating with single bars of square
section These bars are accurately gauged and fitted so that when arranged
vertically side by side they present two parallel surfaces one of which vis the
one on which the webs of the T bars are situated bears against the sides of the
ange whilst the other comes in direct contact with the material being pressed.
This surface presents between the bars minute openings through which the oil
escapes into the passages formed behind the bars between the webs of the said bars-
The oil flows freely down these passages and is discharged into gutters provided
for its reception at the lower part of the apparatus
The bars are connected together at their upper extremities by angle or teo irons
screwed to the ends of the square bars and engaging by means of their webs with
corresponding notches in the tops of both the square and the T filtering bars-
The lower ends of the filtering bars are secured in position by means of square
horizontal bars screwed to the ends of the filtering bars-These square horizontal
bars are also provided throughout their length with a web or plate of iron the
function of which is hereinafter described-In case of accident a damaged bar may
be readily removed in order to replace it by a sound bar by simply taking out the
screw which holds the lower end of the bar.
The back and sides of the press are each provided internally at their lower part
with a horizontal groove or recess with a plate of iron fitted to the lower side of
the groove-The herein before mentioned plates or webs attached to the horizontal
bars supporting the filtering bars enter this groove, and overlap the plates attached
to the sides of the cage-By this means the rows of tiltaring bars are retained in
their proper position at the lower part
In order to support the rows of filtering bars at the upper part the sides and
back of the cage are provided with flat plates screwed to the sides by screws and
attached to the back by means of washers on the pins by which the back is hinged
to the sides These flat plates overlap the tops of the filtering bars and are
provided at this part with pins or studs which project from the under surface of the
plates and engage in corresponding holes formed in the upper ends of the filtering
bars-In order to remove a row of filtering bars from the side or back of the
press for cleaning or other purpose it will be simply necessary to take off the flat

page_text: plate which covers it whereupon the row of bars will fall forward inside the press
and may then be lifted out
Filtering bars with different size passagos between may be employed in accordance
with the nature of the material to be pressed
When the cago is charged and the upper plate or plunger drawn forward until it
comes exactly over the opening of the upper part of the cage the lower plate or
plunger is forced up by the hydraulic pressure and rises in the cage-The contents
of the cago are thus forcibly compressed between the upper and lower plungers
which fit closely against the sides-As the plunger continues to rise the contents
of the cage exert sufficient pressure against the sides of the cage to cause the cage
to rise also and bring its upper edge above the under surface of the upper plate or
plunger whilst at the same time the oil flows out between the filtering bars herein-
before described-When the materials have been pressed sufficiently the lower plate
or plunger is allowed to descend and the cage descends also until it again rests
upon the stops provided on the columns-When the plunger of the ram has
reached the bottom of its stroke the front of the cage may be opened and the cakes
taken out the apparatus is then ready for another operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th December 1882.
"
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the the County of
Middlesex Gentleman "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR EXPRESSING OILS OR
LIQUIDS FROM SEEDS AND OTHER MATERIALS A communication from Paul
Dubard Brenot the Younger and Ernest Dubard Brenot the younger both of
Paris in the Republic of France
This Invention relates principally to the cage or receptacle for the material to be
pressed in oil presses whereby the operation of pressing is enabled to be performed
with greater efficiency economy and expedition than heretofore
The methods of pressing hitherto commonly employed in the manufacture of oil
from seeds necessitate much labor and expense in repairing the bags and envelopes
usually of woollen or hair cloth for containing the seed during the pressing
operation which bags or envelopes are very liable to become torn by the pressure
to which they are exposed
According to this Invention these bags or envelopes are dispensed with a metal
cage being employed to contain the seed or material during the pressing operation
the said cage having narrow spaces for the escape of the expressed liquid between
the bars of which its sides are composed
In order to separate the different charges of seed metal plates are employed
covered with hair or wool
The said cage or receptacle is capable of being applied to a hydraulic press of
1

page_text: ordinary construction in substitution for the bags or apparatus usually employed
between the upper and lower plates or plattens of the press and may be employed
to produce cakes of the same form and dimensions as those produced by the
ordinary appliances
By means of this cage the materials may be subjected to much greater pressure
than when the ordinary bags are employed the latter being liable to burst and
tear under great pressure and it is thus rendered possible to express as much oil
by one operation with the improved apparatus as would require two operations
with the existing arrangements materials that are most rich in oil or liquid
and consequently too slippery to be treated in the ordinary bags or covers may
also be advantageously treated in the improved apparatus constructed according
to this Invention
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer
to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings the same letters of
reference indicating corresponding parts in all the figures
Figure 1 is a general view of a press. constructed according to this Invention
showing the cage open as at the end or commencement of an operation
Figure 2 is a Section of the cage drawn to a scale twice as large as Figure 1
Figure 3 is a corresponding plan the cage being closed
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are details showing the position of the fastenings when the
cage is open in front
"
Figures 7 and 8 are respectively an elevation and a plan of the safety bar of the
fastening
In carrying this Invention into effect as applied to a hydraulic oil press the
improved receptacle or cage is suspended between the columns or uprights of the
press along which it is capable of sliding by means of guides a figures 2 and 3
resting upon studs screwed into the said columns of the press so that when in the
position shewn in the drawings the upper plate or platten of the press can be
pushed back clear of the upper end of the cage for which purpose the said plate
is provided with a handle and slides in grooves as shewn clearly in Figure 1 so
that it can be pushed back out of the way in order to enable the cage to be filled
or emptied a suitable stop being provided to arrest the motion of the platten
when drawn forward so as to stop it in the right position for entering the cage
as the latter rises
The lower plate or plunger is immoveable laterally and when the cage is in the
position shown in the drawings and the piston or plunger of the ram is at the
bottom of its stroke the upper surface of the plate is about half an inch above
the lower edge of the cage of which it forms the bottom
Two of the sides of the cage are formed by walls or plates A preferably of iron
or cast steel extending from the top to the bottom of the cage These side walls
are connected to a back wall B of similar construction by hinges turning on pins b
extending along the entire height of the cage The said side walls A are provided
at the front part of the cage with eyes or loops a' engaging with two hinge pins
cc which connect the sides with the parts forming the front of the cage so that
the said front forms a door
The front is made somewhat wider than the back in order to facilitate the
removal of the pressed materials
The front wall of the cage is divided horizontally into as many sections as there
are cakes to be contained in the apparatus-The number of sections may vary
according to the length of the stroke of the plunger of the hydraulic ram
The front of the press illustrated in the Drawing is divided into six of such
sections Each of these sections is composed of an outer arm hinged to one side
of the cage and an inner arm binged to the opposite side-These arms fit
accurately against each other and a series of sections so formed constitutes when
closed a wall shutting in the whole of the front of the cage effectually preventing

page_text: the seed from escaping-As all these sections are of the same form it will suffice to
describe one in detail in order to give an accurate idea of the whole
Each section is composed of a pair of arms CD hinged to opposite sides of the
cage upon the centres c' and c² as shown in Figures 3. 4. 5 and 6-One of these
arins (C) is in the form of an a wedgo one side of which when the cage is closed
is in a plane parallel with a line drawn through the two axes or centres c¹³ the
Baid sides of these arms forming the front of the press whilst the other sides of
the arms lie at an angle to this plano
When the front is closed as shewn in figure 3 the inner arm C fits closely
against the front edges of the sides of the cage and presents externally an inclined
surface against which the onter arm D is caused to press-This latter arm is
composed of two flat plates e Figure 5 arranged above and below the corresponding
eye or tenon on which they turn and which forms part of the side A of the cage.
The two plates are thus hinged to one side of the cage at one end turning on the
pin c³ as a centre and are connected together at the opposite ends by a screwed
stud or pin f.
The inclined or outer side of the inner arm C is provided with a web which
when the cage is closed passes between the two plates e forming the outer arm as
in figure 3 At the same time both the upper and lower edges of the two arms
are brought evenly together and the vertical thickness of the two arms thus united
exactly equals the thickness of the pressed cakes to be produced
The arms are maintained closed by means of a cam-lever G operated by a
suitable handle and turning upon the pin f.connecting the ends of the plates
forming the outer arm as shewn in Figure 5-When the arms are folded together
to close the cage a cam-like heel h on the cam lever engages with a recess k formed
in the web on the back of the inner arm C-When in this engaged position the
longest radius of the cam being in the position shewn in Figure 3 the strain on
the sides of the cage during the pressing operation tends to tighten the fastening
parts and thus the tightness of the fastening increases in the same proportion as
the strain increases When the pressure is removed the cam may be readily
disengaged from the recess in the web by means of the handle which also
facilitates the manipulation of the outer arm D to which it is attached-The sides
of the cage can then be moved outwards to a small extent to facilitate the removal
of the contents
To prevent the occurrence of accidents arising from the neglect of the workmen
to place the cams in the proper position for securing the arms the said cams are
simultaneously secured in the proper position by means of a safety bar E shewn
separately in figures 7 and 8 provided with a ring at the upper end which ring is
placed over the end of the hinge pin on which the inner arms C turn-By pressing
this safety bar against the handles of the cams the correct position of the handles
and consequently that of the cams may be simultaneously ensured-The lower
extremity of the safety bar E is secured by a hook F turning on the lower end of
the hinge pin of the inner arms and arranged underneath the lowest of the said
arois This safety bar is constructed with a view to being employed in various
other operations connected with the working of the apparatus for example one
end is shaped like a crowbar as shewn in the views at right angles to each other
in Figure 7 and may be used for lifting the mass of cakes when emptying the
cage The opposite extremity of the bar is bent and provided with a cross pin m
as shewn in Figure 8 so as to enable the bar to be used as a lever for opening two
fastenings at a time when the latter are too stiff to be turned by hand
The straight sides of the inner arms C forming the internal surface of the front
of the cage present small slits or narrow openings communicating with channels
formed in the body of the arms as shewn in Figure 3 for the escape of the oil
expressed
The sides A and back B of the cage are provided with filtering surfaces as shown i
in figures 2 and 3 composed of a series of pairs of filtering bars of T section
alternating with single bars of square section―These bars are accurately gauged

page_text: and fitted so that when arranged vertically side by side they present two paralle!
surfaces one of which vis the one on which the webs of the T bars are situated
bears against the sides of the cage, whilst the other comes in direct contact with
the material being pressed-This surface presents between the bars minute
openings through which the oil escapes into the passages formed between the webs
of the said T bars. The oil flows freely down these passages, and is discharged
into gutters provided for its reception at the lower part of the apparatus
The filtering bars are connected together at their upper extremities by angle or
tee irons n (igure 2) screwed to the ends of the square bars and engaging by
means of their webs with corresponding notches in the tops of both the square and
the filtering bars-The lower ends of the filtering bars are secured in position by
means of horizontal bars o screwed to the ends of the filtering bars by screws p
with counter-sunk heads-These horizontal bars o are also provided throughout
their length with a web or plate of iron g the function of which is hereinafter
described This arrangement of the filtering bars greatly facilitates the removal of
any injured bar in case of accident in order to replace it by a sound bar, as this
may be done by simply taking out the screw p which holds the lower end of
the bar.
Referring to figure 2 it will be seen that the lower part of the sides of the
press are each provided internally at their lower part with a horizontal groove or
recess with a flat plate r of iron fitted to the lower side of the groove and the
back is provided with a like arrangement-The herein before mentioned plates or
webs g attached to the horizontal bars o supporting the filtering bars enter this
groove and overlap the plates r attached to the sides of the cage-By this
means the rows of filtering bars are retained in their proper position at the lower
part.
In order to support the rows of filtering bars at the upper part the sides and
back of the enge are provided with flat plates H screwed to the sides by screws S
and attached to the back by means of washers on the pins b, by which the back is
hinged to the sides-These flat plates H overlap the tops of the filtering bars
and are provided at this part with pins or studs t which project from the under
surface of the said plates and engage in corresponding holes formed in the upper
ends of the filtering bars In order to remove the row of filtering bars from the
side or back of the press for cleaning or other purpose it will be simply necessary
to take off the flat plate H which covers it whereupon the row of bars will fall
forwards inside the press, and may then be lifted out
Filtering bars with passages of different size between may be employed in
accordance with the nature of the material to be pressed
When the cage is charged with the material to be pressed and the upper plate or
plunger is drawn forward until it comes exactly over the opening at the upper
part of the cage the lower plate or plunger is forced up by the hydraulic pressure
and rises in the cage; the contents of the cage are thus forcibly compressed
between the upper and lower plates or plungers which fit closely against the sides
As the lower plate or plunger continues to rise the contents of the cage exert
sufficient pressure against the sides of the cage to cause the cage to rise also and
bring its upper edge above the under surface of the upper plate whilst at the same
time the oil flows out between the filtering passages hereinbefore described-When
the materials have been pressed sufficiently the lower plate or plunger is allowed
to descend and the cage descends also until its guides a again rests upon the stops
provided on the columns
When the plunger of the ram has reached the bottom of its stroke the front of
the cage may be opened and the cakes taken out the sides spontaneously opening
out or yielding to facilitate the removal-The apparatus is then ready for another
operation
The sides of the plunger plates of the press should be made to fit accurately into
the interior of the cage
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the said

page_text: Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First In presses for expressing oils or liquids from seeds and other materials
the employment of a cage with hinged walls or sides which move outwards
spontaneously by reaction when it is desired to remove the cakes substantially as
hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings,
Secondly-In prosses for expressing oils or liquids from seeds or other materials
the employment of a cage the front part of which is closed by means of hinged
arms which are secured in such a manner that the fastening becomes more firm
and secure as the prossuro inside the apparatus increases substantially as herein-
before described with reference to the accompanying drawings
Thirdly Constructing the internal metal walls or filtering surfaces of the said
cages of square bars and Ţ bars arranged in panels and capable of being rapidly
separateled for the purpose of cleaning the apparatus and giving facilities for
employing panels of bars arranged with differently sized openings according to the
rate at which the oil is expressed in relation to the nature of the materials
under treatment substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings
Fourthly In presses for the purposes described the provision of means for
enabling the cage to move with the pressing plate or plunger during a portion of
its stroke by the reaction of the internal prossure upon the sides of the press for
the purpose of giving a uniform degree of pressure throughout the mass of inaterial
in the press substantially as heroinbefore described
Fifthly The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the press
for expressing oils or liquids from seeds and other materials substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings
In witness whereof I the said John Henry Johnson have to this my
Specification sot my hand and seal this fifteenth day of December One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two
RANG