FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES FOR MAKING HAY (WHICH MACHINES SO IMPROVED I DENOMINATES SALMON'S NEW PATENT SELF-ADJUSTING MANAGEABLE HAY MACHINES
Year: 1816

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
SALMON, of Wooburn, in the County of Bedford, Surveyor, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent King George the Third did, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westininster, the Twenty-seventh day of July, in the
fifty-sixth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Salmon,
my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Robert' Salmon, my exors, adiñors, and assigns,
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "FURTHER IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF MACHINES FOR MAKING HAY (WHICH MACHINES SO IMPROVED I DENOMINATES
SALMON'S NEW PATENT SELF-ADJUSTING MANAGEABLE HAY MACHINES);" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said Robert
Salmon, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled
in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters' Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same,
relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Salmon, do declare that the exclusive peculiar properties of my hay
machine, and which I together and seperately claim as parts of my Invention,

page_text: are, and their construction may be known by the following particulars and
Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):-
First, both the carriage wheels operate in working the revolving rakes,
thereby equalizing and rendering the draft more easy and pleasant to the
horse than where the work lays on one wheel, as all other machines now do.
Secondly, both the wheels are firmly united by a continued axletree, and
render this, as well as my former Patent machine, particularly strong and well
combined.
Thirdly, the movement to the revolving rake is given by a wheel or pulley
fixed immediately on the carriage axletree, either in the middle or at either
end.
Fourthly, the construction and combination is such as to admit the carriage
wheels to go at sufficient distance, either before or behind the revolving rakes,
so as to prevent them from treading on the grass or other thing at the same
moment the rakes are raising of it, thereby lessening the labour and difficulty
of so raising it.
:
Fifthly, this construction, by admitting of the rakes to revolve at such
distances as to be quite clear of the wheels, also admits, if required, of extend-
ing the operations of the rakes beyond the width of the wheels; and also
affords the opportunity of having the wheels no more distant than common
carriage wheels.
Sixthly, these machines are made either self-adjusting to their work, and
at the same time adjustable to any heigth by the driver, without stopping the
horse or the rotations of the rakes.
Seventhly, besides the purposes of stirring or making of grass into hay,
these machines are proposed, with some change of its parts, for collecting and
making of twitch or other weeds into hay, and for separating and gathering
the same from the ground. All these properties and peculiar constructions
are more particularly and generally explained by the references and Drawings
hereafter following.
Fig. 1, 2, plan and section of a machine, worked in the middle of the axle
and rake by pulley and rope, chain or strap, with the rake raising and adjust-
ing on the axletree as its fulcrum. A, A, carriage wheels of any diameter or
distance from each other. B, axletree, with ratchets X on a square at each
end, which, by a pall or stop on the wheel are drove round and turn the
axletree at each end, except at the movement of turning round of the horse,
when either ratchet is at liberty to fall back or stand still. C, driving pulley,
fast on axletree. D, pulley, fast on rake spindle, and drove by a rope, chain,
or strap from C. E, frame and box for movements containing the pulleys C, D,

page_text: and carrying of the revolving rake, and hung on turned bearings in the axle-
tree. F, lever connected with and fast in the box and frame E, with a sliding
balance weight, so as to be set nearly to balance the frame E with the revolving
rakes and pulley and frame carrying the same. G, line or chain to confine the
lever to the shafts, and regulate the distance of the rake from the ground.
H, line for driver to pull down the lever, and raise the rake further from the
ground, as occasion may require, without stopping its revolving. I, shafts
and frame, hung on turned bearings in the axle so as to draw forward the
machine. K, rakes revolving contrary ways to the carriage wheels, and with
about thrice their velocity. These rakes are fixed on revolving wheels, and
kept up to their work by springs, so as to yield in case of violent obstructions.
From a view of this reference and the Drawings thereto referred, it must to
any mechanic explain the action of the machine. By the revolving of the
carriage wheels the pall or stop thereon falls into the ratchets and turns the
axletree, which axletree and the pulley or wheel thereon works the revolving
rake, and in the revolving of this, should any obstruction occur on the ground
in front of it, the same will cause the whole of the frame and rake to rise on
its fulcrum and pass over the obstruction, after which it will again fall down
to the regulated depth set by the chain or line at end of the lever, and these
changes take place without stopping the revolving of the rake. Suffice it,
therefore, further to say, that the frame carrying of the pullies must be staunch
and firmly united to the axletree, and the pullies close boxed, so as to prevent
the grass from getting in.
Fig. 3, section of a machine worked by gear instead of pulley, with the
adjusting fulcrum on the axletree, as in Fig. 1, 2. A, carriage wheel as
before. B, axletree as before. C, spur wheel on axle. D, leading wheel.
E, second wheel. F, pinion, fast on spindle of revolving rake. G, Frame or
box containing all the wheels. H, lever as before. I, K, chain and line to
set and regulate the heigth. L, shafts. M, rake as before.
Fig. 4, section of a machine worked by gear, with the adjusting fulcrum
on the axis of the first leading wheel. A, carriage wheel as before. B, axle-
tree as before. C, spur wheel as before. D, leading wheel, the axis whereof
unites the two frames, and forms the fulcrum whereon the rake rise and fall.
E, second leading wheel. F, pinion on rake spindle. G, frame or box con-
taining the two first wheels. H, additional frame, containing the second
leading wheel and the rake pinion, and bolted to the frame G by the axis of
the wheel D. I, lever attached to additional frame and balanced to set and
adjust the beigth of the rake; by pulling down this lever the rake is raised
from the ground without stopping its motion.
) Fig. 5, section of a machine worked by gear, with the adjusting fulcrum

page_text: on the axis of the second leading wheel: A, carriage wheels. B, axle as
before. C spur wheel. D, leading wheel. E, second leading wheel, the
axis whereof unites the two frames, and forms the fulcrum whereon the rake
rises and falls. F, pinion on rake spindle. G, frame containing the three first
wheels. H; additional frame containing the the pinion on the rake spindle, and
carrying the rake. I, lever attached to additional frame and balanced to set
and adjust the heigth of the rake..
Lastly, for seperating of twitch or weeds from the earth and drying and
collecting them, I do propose to change, the rake rails for others with close
teeth, and that a slight sledge be attached to follow the rake so as to catch
them and lay them in parcels, which intention is explained as follows:
Fig. 6, section of sledge attached behind the revolving rake to catch the
twitch or weeds and deposit them in parcels. A, rod or frame connected' with
tlic shafts and axletree, so as to drag the sledge just behind the rake.
B, sledge supported on an axle and a wheel on each side; the front of the
sledge heaviest when empty, but heaviest behind when loaded; consequently,
when loaded it will tip up behind and discharge its load, and then again
resume its situation, resting itself. on the rod A. Further, it will be manifest
that: the same movements as described in the middle of the axletrec, and
dividing of the 'rakes into two lengths, may be applied at either end of the axle-
tree, and thereby support one continued rake at each end, still retaining all
the properties before described, which construction I also claim part of my
Invention, as also the use of all the fit and proper materials for the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Salmon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
Inrolled the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixteen.