Improvements in or connected with Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles, and other like Articles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th Oct., 1994-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles,
and other like Articles.
I, WILLIAM EAVES, of the Springfield Saw Mills, North Shore, Blackpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Builder and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of kilns for burning bricks tiles and other
like articles in which a series of clamps or chambers are so arranged that the heat
from the burning bricks or other articles in one of the clamps is circulated through
one or more of the other clamps so as to dry and get into condition for burning
green" or unburnt bricks or the like contained therein.
<<
The object of my invention is firstly to so construct kilns of the class referred
to that the heat or products of combustion from any one or more of the clamps may
be more readily and conveniently conducted to the interior of any of the other
clamps and in such manner that any one of such clamps may be sealed up
altogether independently of or separately from the others secondly to utilize a
large amount of the heat ultimately given off from such kilns-which is at present
wasted by collecting it and conducting it through (for instance) a shed for
brick-drying purposes and thirdly to utilize the heat and consume the smoke and
unconsumed gases from the steam boiler or boilers usually employed in connection
with a brick and tile works and which under ordinary circumstances are allowed to
pass away from the boiler furnace to the smoke stack or chimney-a very
objectionable method when the kiln is situated in the neighbourhood of dwelling
houses. By passing the smoke from the boiler through a clamp in which the
bricks are red hot not only is a better colour given to the bricks but the unconsumed
gases carried along with the smoke are converted into fire or heat and an additiona
draught is created through the kiln which according to my said invention is placed
intermediately so far as respects the smoke flue-between the steam boiler and
the chimney or smoke stack. Moreover my improved construction or arrangement
of kiln permits of the steam or vapour from the green or drying bricks being
carried off or conducted from the top of the several clamps the heat or hot air-
according to my invention-being supplied from the bottom of the clamp instead
of at the top thereof as has heretofore been usual in such kilns. Thus the bricks
are dried from bottom to top and the liability of the lower bricks to become
crushed under the weight of those above is largely decreased.
In carrying out my said invention I preferably arrange the clamps in a double
row back to back each of the said clamps having an arched roof with suitable
openings through which the fuel may be supplied to the interior of the clamps in
the usual way. Communication between each adjoining clamp is provided through
a series of openings in the lower part of each division wall the openings having
vertically sliding dampers capable of being opened or closed from the top of the
kiln. By this arrangement safety to the men working the kiln from being scorched
through having to go inside the clamps to operate the dampers (according to the
usual method) is ensured. I provide an upper flue or hot air passage running
lengthwise and centrally of the kiln each of the clamps having an upper opening
and a damper whereby communication with the hot air flue may be established and
cut off as required. Thus when the operation of burning the bricks in one clamp
has been completed and its division wall dampers have been closed its upper
damper may be opened and the heat from the red hot bricks-now undergoing the

page_text: process of cooling-may be passed into the upper flue and conducted to any of the
other clamps and there utilized for drying green bricks. I also employ another
overhead or smoke flue (from the steam boiler furnace) formed in the upper part of
the outside walls of the kiln and continue the same nearly all the way round the
said kiln. I provide each of the clamps with three openings from the said overhead
smoke flue each controlled by a damper operated from the outside of the kiln and
between each clamp I provide the smoke flue with a vertically sliding damper by
means of which to stop or permit of the passage of smoke or products of
combustion from the boiler along the interior of the said flue. By manipulating
the several dampers the smoke from the boiler may be conducted into any one or
other of the clamps and although in practice it would usually be turned into the
burning clamp it might it desired be turned into any one of the other clamps. In
the case of two of the clamps at one end of the series it is desirable to provide
the two said clamps with their own separate branch smoke flue-preferably
underground from the boiler with two inlet openings and dampers from the said
separate flue. The two said end clamps communicate with the hot air flue above
by means of suitable openings and controlling dampers and also with their adjoining
clamps through division wall openings as hereinabove mentioned with reference to
the other clamps of the series. The heated air from the kiln and from the boiler―
the latter having been passed through the kiln as above described-may finally be
drawn or conducted through suitably arranged passages under the floor of a drying
shed and on to the smoke stack or chimney which I preferably construct with a
vertical midfeather or division wall so that the draughts from the steam boiler and
the kiln respectively may be kept separate from each other.
It will be observed that by the above described arrangements when the burnt or
finished bricks are being removed from within the clamps whilst still hot-cold
air may be drawn into the clamp through the front or entrance thereof by opening
the communication at the back of the clamp into the hot air flue above this
arrangement making it much cooler for the men engaged in removing the bricks as
the heat instead of meeting them-recedes into the hot air fluc.
Dated this 4th day of December 1893.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Kilns for Burning Bricks, Tiles,
and other like Articles.
I, WILLIAM EAVES, of the Springfield Saw Mills, North Shore, Blackpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Builder and Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
:-
This invention relates to that class of kilns for burning bricks tiles and other
like articles in which a series of clamps or chambers are so arranged that the heat
from the burning bricks or other articles in one of the clamps is circulated through
one or more of the other clamps so as to dry and get into condition for burning
"
green or unburnt bricks or the like contained therein.
"
The object of my invention is firstly to so construct kilns of the class referred to
that the heat or products of combustion from any one or more of the clamps may
be more readily and conveniently conducted to the interior of any of the other
clamps and in such manner that any one of such clamps may be sealed up altogether
independently of or separately from the others. secondly to utilize a large amount
of the heat ultimately given off from such kilns-which is at present wasted-by
collecting it and conducting it through (for instance) a shed for brick-drying

page_text: purposes and thirdly to utilize the heat and consume the smoke and unconsumed
gases from the steam boiler or boilers usually employed in connection with a brick
and tile works and which under ordinary circumstances are allowed to pass away
from the boiler furnace to the smoke stack or chimney-a very objectionable
method when the kiln is situated in the neighbourhood of dwelling houses. By
passing the smoke from the boiler through a clamp in which the bricks are red hot
not only is a better colour given to the bricks but the unconsumed gases carried
along with the smoke are converted into fire or heat and an additional draught is
created through the kiln which according to my said invention is placed
intermediately-
-so far as respects the smoke flue-between the steam boiler and
the chimney or smoke stack. Moreover my improved construction or arrangement
of kiln permits of the steam or vapour from the green or drying bricks being
carried off or conducted from the top of the several clamps the heat or hot air-
according to my invention-being supplied from the bottom of the clamp instead of
at the top thereof as has heretofore been usual in such kilns. Thus the bricks are
dried from bottom to top and the liability of the lower bricks to become crushed
under the weight of those above is largely decreased.
In carrying out my said invention I preferably arrange the clamps in a double
row back to back each of the said clamps having an arched roof with suitable
openings through which the fuel may be supplied to the interior of the clamps in
the usual way. Communication between each adjoining clamp is provided through
a series of openings in the lower part of each division wall the openings having
vertically sliding dampers capable of being opened or closed from the top of the
kiln. By this arrangement safety to the men working the kiln from being scorched
through having to go inside the clamps to operate the dampers (according to the
usual method) is ensured. I provide an upper flue or hot air passage running
lengthwise and centrally of the kiln each of the clamps having an upper opening
and a damper whereby communication with the hot air flue may be established and
cut off as required. Thus when the operation of burning the bricks in one clamp
has been completed and its division wall dampers have been closed its upper damper
may be opened and the heat from the red hot bricks-now undergoing the process
of cooling-may be passed into the upper flue and conducted to the lower part of
any of the other clamps and there utilized for drying green bricks. I also employ
another overhead or smoke flue (from the steam boiler furnace) formed in the upper
part of the outside walls of the kiln and continue the same nearly all the way round.
the said kiln. I provide each of the clamps with three openings from the said
overhead smoke tue each controlled by a damper operated from the outside of the
kiln and between each clamp I provide the smoke flue with a vertically sliding
damper by means of which to stop or permit of the passage of smoke or products of
combustion from the boiler along the interior of the said flue. By manipulating
the several dampers the smoke from the boiler may be conducted into any one or
other of the clamps and although in practice it would usually be turned into the
burning clamp it might if desired be turned into any one of the other clamps. In
the case of two of the clamps at one end of the series it is desirable to provide the
two said clamps with their own separate branch smoke flue-preferably
underground—from the boiler with two inlet openings and dampers at the bottom
from the said separate flue. The two said end clamps communicate with the hot
air flue above by means of suitable openings and controlling dampers and also with
their adjoining clamps through division wall openings as hereinabove mentioned
with reference to the other clamps of the series. The heated air from the kiln and
from the boiler-the latter having been passed through the kiln as above described
may finally be drawn or conducted through suitably arranged passages under the
floor of a drying shed and on to the smoke stack or chimney which I preferably
construct with a vertical midfeather or division wall so that the draughts from the
team boiler and the kiln respectively may be kept separate from each other.
It will be observed that by the above described arrangements when the burnt or
anished bricks are being removed from within the clamps whilst still hot-cold

page_text: air may be drawn into the clamp through the front or entrance thereof by opening
the communication at the back of the clamp into the hot air Hue above this
arrangement making it much cooler for the men engaged in removing the bricks as
the heat instead of meeting them-recedes into the hot air flue.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a plan view of my improved kiln;
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of the same on the line a- Fig. 8;
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan view on the line - Fig. 8; and
Fig. 4 is another sectional plan view on the line e-f Fig. 8.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation:
i
;
Fig. 6 a vertical section on the line g-h Fig. 3
Fig. 7 a vertical section on the line i-j Fig. 3
Fig. 8 a vertical section on the line - Fig. 3;
Fig. 9 a vertical section on the line m-n Fig. 3; and
Fig. 10 is another vertical section on the line o-p Fig. 3.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section on the line 9- Fig. 3;
Fig. 12 a vertical section on the line s-t Fig. 3; and
Fig. 13 a vertical section on the line u-v Fig. 3.
The improved continuous kiln illustrated in the drawings comprises a series of
twelve chambers or clamps-distinguished by the numerals 1 to 12-but the
number of clamps may be increased or decreased to suit circumstances.
C
a a are vertical openings of the usual kind-provided with suitable covers--
through which the fuel is supplied. to the interior of the clamps in the ordinary way,
bb are openings establishing communication between each of the clamps and
cc vertically sliding dampers raised and lowered externally from the top of the kiln.
d is the upper hot air flue e e being openings from the several clamps into the said
hot air flue and ff dampers for opening and closing the same. kk are passages
leading down from the hot air flued to the lower part of the clamps through the
openings and m m are metal lids or removable dampers for opening and closing
communication between the hot air flue and the passages kk. m² m² are removable
upper lids covering openings through which access may be had to the lids m m
below.
By the arrangement just described wet or green bricks in any particular clamp
may in the first instance be dried-from the bottom upwards-with the heated air
conducted through the flue d from any one of the other clamps in which the bricks
although in the first stage of cooling are still white or red hot and the said green
bricks may be made very dry and hot and so as to be entirely free from damp or
steam before the fire from the adjoining clamps is turned on to them-through the
passages the bricks being thus prevented from being sooted or "smoked up"
as is frequently the case in continuous kilns where the smoke or products of
combustion from the adjoining clamps come directly on to the green or undried
bricks:
b
y is the overhead smoke flue g¹ the underground flue from the boiler furnace
and 2 another underground flue leading from the kiln to the drying shed or smoke
stack all communicating with each other in the manner hereinafter described.
hare the openings from the clamps into the smoke flue g each of the said openings
having a vertically sliding damper i-also operated externally from the top of the
kiln. are other vertically sliding cross dampers in the smoke flue g by means of
which the smoke from the boiler may be turned into any one of the clamps or the
products of combustion or steam or vapour from any one of the clamps admitted
into the flue g may be carried away to the drying shed or smoke stack as
bereinbefore mentioned.
In the case of the two clamps 11 and 12 at the end of the series it is requisite
that these two clamps should have a separate supply smoke flue and this is prefer-
ably arranged underground. But the products of combustion or steam from the
said clamps 11 and 12 pass off into the upper smoke flue g in the same way as from
the other clamps namely through their upper openings h. g³ is the underground

page_text: separate supply smoke flue and go vertical passages leading therefrom and opening
sidewise into the clamps 11 and 12 (see Figs. 6 and 12).
The smoke and gases from the boiler are conducted along the flue g₁ to the lower
end of the vertical flue 9 up which they pass to the horizontal overhead flue U and
then through a burning clamp the smoke and steam issuing from the clamps being
finally drawn off through the down flue g' and along the underground flue to the
drying shed or smoke stack. The outer air is admitted to the interior of the flue g¹
by means of a regulating damper to supply the required amount of oxygen to the
smoke to promote combustion or when the smoke from the boiler is not utilized as
hereinafter mentioned.
nn are the entrance openings to the several clamps which are closed or built in
with brick work in the usual manner after having been filled with green bricks.
o is a smaller flue communicating with the outer air at p and through the flue o
with the underground flue y². It also communicates with the upper hot air flue at q
being provided with a suitable damper or hinged door at p and at q. It will be
observed at Fig. 8 that the division walls of my improved kiln are provided with
cavities within which air from the flue o circulates and as it becomes heated is
carried off along the said flue into the flue g² and so on to the drying shed or smoke
stack. The hot air from the flue d may also be turned into the Blue o when not
required for drying bricks in the clamps and carried off to the flue . qlis a
removable lid covering an opening through which access may be had to the door or
damper q below.
(Fig. 1) represents a horizontally sliding damper for opening or closing
communication between the boiler and the improved kiln.
Although a feature of my invention consists in the consumption and utilization
of the smoke and gases from a neighbouring boiler or boilers in a continuous kiln
yet it will be obvious that my said kiln constructed as above described may-a
suitable supply of outer air being afforded to the smoke flue g-be effectively worked
or employed although not producing bricks of quite so good a colour-without the
assistance or admission of the said smoke and gases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is -
1. In a continuous kiln constructed substantially as hereinabove described
providing an overhead smoke flue in communication with the upper interior part of
each of the clamps with controlling dampers all arranged to operate substantially
as hereinabove described and shewn in the drawings.
2. In a continuous kiln having an overhead smoke flue as set forth in Claim 1
consuming and utilizing the smoke and gases from a boiler or boilers in manner
substantially as hereinabove described and shewn in the drawings.
3. In a continuous kiln having an overhead smoke flue the arrangement and
employment of an upper hot air flue such as d having openings through which to
receive the heated air from the upper part of the interior of the clamps and other
openings through which to supply or conduct the said heated air into the lower
part of the interior of the clamps and controlling dampers all arranged substantially
as hereinabove described and shewn in the drawings.
4. The combination or arrangement of the several flues and dampers hereinabove
described and shewn in the drawings whereby-in a continuous kiln-any one of
the clamps can be sealed up independently of or separately from the other clamps.
Dated this 4th day of October 1894.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.