Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Aug., 1887
Complete Left, 28th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 6th Apr., 1888
I, JOHN REID of 126 Silvio Street, Belfast, Ireland, Artistic Mechanic, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is intended to provide a reliable and accurate mechanical instrument
for assisting Artists Draughtsmen and Designers in making correct enlarged, or
reduced, or similar sized copies of any sketch, drawing, Portrait, or design.
The ordinary Pantograph drawing instrument consists of a frame formed of four
pieces of lath, two of which lap over or cross the other two, and all are connected
together by pivots or pins, and are adjustable at two angles, so that when at rest a
parallelogram or square can be formed by the laths, and as the place where they lap
over or join one to another is connected by a pivot allowing of swivel action in any
direction, the right angled figures can be elongated at will into other figures having
two acute, and two obtuse angles.
Three of the sides of the figure are continued beyond the figure, one forming the
connection to the wood block which holds the instrument in position, two others serving
to adjust the figure and thus allow of varying the dimensions of the work to be
performed, and one of these last two serving also to carry the pencil by which the
enlarged copy is made.
My improved Pantograph is formed of eight pieces of lath which are inseparable
and work on swivel joints so as to move in any required direction. They are shewn
in the accompanying drawings, and are the pieces marked A A, E E, I I, O 0,
Fig. I.
In addition to these eight parts there are three other supplemental pieces, one
marked F, Fig. 2, and two others which are joined together and are marked D, D,
Fig. 3. One of the pieces marked O is extended to the point K where is a hole to
which the supplemental piece is fixed when making equal sized copies. At the outer

page_text: end of F is a hole G in which is placed the pointer S, Fig. 4, used for tracing the
drawing to be copied, the pencil being placed in the hole C. NN are the points of
attachment to the block P, which is hinged to a larger biock R. This block R is
intended to be fixed to the desk, or drawing-board on which the operator is at
work.
When making enlarged copies the double piece D D is attached to the laths E E,
by means of small headed screws provided for the purpose. The pointer S is then
placed in the hole B and the pencil in the hole C.
The position of D. D. on E E is adjustable according to the size of the copy
required, a numbered scale being provided on both E E, and D D to ensure accuracy.
The holes in D D are fitted with metal eyelets through which the headed screw
passes.
When making reduced copies, the position of the pointer and pencil is reversed,
the pointer being placed in the hole (, and the pencil in the hole B.
The pointer is made of bone, ivory, or metal, accurately fitted to the holes in which
it is used.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, E.C.,
Patent Agent.

page_text: I, JOHN REID, of 126 Silvio Street Belfast, Ireland, Artistic Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention is intended to provide a more reliable and accurate mechanical
instrument for assisting artists, draughtsmen, designers, and others, in producing
correct copies whether enlarged, similar, or reduced, of any sketch, portrait, or
design.
It consists of 12 laths or strips of wood and two small wooden blocks, eight of these
laths being of equal length, breadth, and thickness, and four of various lengths. Six
of the equal length laths are pierced with one hole at each end, the distance between
these holes being exactly the saine in each case. Three of these laths being pivotted
at or near the ends of one of the blocks which is about one fourth the length of the
long laths, and three are pivotted to a shorter lath in the same manner, the two pivots
on block and lath being of equal distance apart. One of the pivots upon which two
laths work conjointly on the short lath, is a tubular pivot or socket arranged to hold
a pointer (which is provided) or a lead pencil in a perpendicular position. Another
short lath is pierced at or near its ends the same distance apart as the former short
lath, and is pivotted crossways conjointly with four of the six long laths in such a
manner as to be parallel with and between the block and short lath previously
mentioned. The other two are pivotted by their ends together.
Two of the three which are pivotted on the block, and which two work conjointly
on one pivot have a line of holes pierced in them of equal distance apart, and are
marked with figures from figure 2 upwards for adjustment.
Two other laths which are pivotted at or near their ends, together on a tubular
pivot or socket (which is also arranged to hold a pencil or pointer) have also a line of
holes and figures which corresponds with those on the other two laths marked with
figures. These two are the adjusting legs for enlarging or reducing any subject to
scale, which when required are brought into contact with the other two figured laths,
at corresponding points as denoted by the figures, by means of screwed knobs provided
for the purpose.
Two other laths of similar size but of no precise length are pivotted together near
their ends on another tubular pivot or socket, and have also holes for adjustment.
These two when required are connected to the short lath at the extremity of the
apparatus by screwed knobs provided for the purpose. These two laths form an
extension to the apparatus, and when reversed end for end, on the same pivots, equip
the apparatus for making accurate copies of similar size.
The second block before mentioned is a little larger every way than the former,
and is hinged to the same for self-adjusting the apparatus on the subject to be copied,
and to the paper. for the copy. At or near the ends of this larger block are
provided pins or clamps for conveniently fixing the whole to a drawing board or
desk.
The thickness of these two blocks when combined is the distance for a pencil or
pointer to project through the tubular pivots or sockets.

page_text: Every pivot joint throughout the apparatus works in brass or other metal bearings
to ensure accuracy and freedom of motion, and on projecting screws of pivots are
provided jamb or lock nuts for adjusting the tension of the apparatus.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I will proceed to describe the
same by reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1, shows a top view of
my Pantograph drawing apparatus with all its movable parts connected.
Fig. 2. shows an edge view of same.
"
""
Fig. 3.
end elevation with only two pivotted joints and hinged blocks, also
the pins or clamps for fixing the apparatus to a drawing-board or desk.
Fig. 4. shows a side and end view of tubular weights for adjusting the weight on
the pencil when reducing, in order to give the required weight to the lines on the
paper.
Fig. 5. shows the weights in the position they should occupy when reducing.
Similar letters denote similar parts in all the figures.
a a, are pins or clamps for fixing the apparatus to a drawing-board or desk. bb, are
hinges upon which the apparatus adjusts itself upon the pencil c, and on the pointer d.
e e e, are jamb or lock nuts for regulating the tension of the apparatus. f, g, h, are
tubular pivots or sockets arranged to hold a pencil or pointer in the position shown in
fig. 2. i, are adjusting legs which are kept in position at corresponding figures
on jj, by the screwed knobs kk. 11, are also screwed knobs for connecting the
adjusting and extension legs n n, as shown in figs. 1, and 2. mm m, are tubular
weights to give weight to the pencil when reducing as shown in fig. 5.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The apparatus is fixed to a drawing-board
by the pins or clamps a a, the subject to be enlarged is placed under the pointer d,
and the paper for the copy under the pencil c, (It is requisite in this mode of
operation to have the adjusting and extension legs n n, disconnected). The apparatus
is then actuated by the motion of the hand by holding the pencil c, between the finger
and thumb following the lines of the subject with the pointer d.
The figures at which the adjusting legs are connected denote accurately the number
of inches to the foot the subject may be enlarged or reduced.
When reducing, the pencil and pointer are exchanged, the one occupying the
position which the other occupied when enlarging, and on the pencil the weights mm m
are adjusted. The pencil will then occupy the socket f, and the pointer the socket h,
the apparatus in this action to be actuated by the pointer. For making accurate
copies of similar size the adjusting legs i i, are disconnected and the adjusting
legs n n, are connected at 11, as shown in figure 1, the pointer to be fixed in the
socket g, and the pencil in the socket h, the apparatus in this action is actuated in the
same manner as when enlarging.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of my said invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An improved Pantograph so constructed and equipped as to afford a reliable
drawing instrument for making enlarged similar or reduced copies of any drawing
or design; as herein described and set forth.
2. An improved Pantograph composed of 12 laths and two small wooden blocks,
furnished with scales, brass bushed bearings, tension adjusting joints, metal connecting
screw knobs, pointer, and adjusting weights for pencil; as herein described and set
forth.
S. S. BROMHEAD,
97, Newgate Street, E.C.,
Patent Agent.