Improvements in and relating to Steam Boilers.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1889-Accepted, 3rd Aug.. 1889
PROVISIONAL STEVIE IQATION.
Improvements in and relating to Steam Boilers.
We, THOMAS WINGATE, of Viewfield, Partick, and LINDSAY BURNET, of Moorepark
Boiler Works, Govan, both in Lanarkshire, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of our said invention, to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to new or improved constructions, or arrangement and
combination of the parts of steam boilers and especially in new or improved con-
struction and mode of securing surface heating and water circulating stay tubes
between the upper and lower water spaces of the boilers, and specially applicable
on board steam ships and torpedo boats, with either natural or forced
draught, and which will be more compact and give a greater heating surface and
steam raising power for the space occupied, than in steam boilers as heretofore
for use
constructed.
According to one arrangement of marine steam boiler constructed in accordance
with our improvements, which we term a duplex furnace boiler, we form the whole
boiler of a saddle shape in transverse section, with the fire grate along each longi-
tudinal side of the saddle, preferably of a U or channel shape, and make the outer
shell or sides and bottom of the boiler, of two divisions of plates stayed together
by short transverse stays to form a hollow narrow water circulating space all round
the firegrate, which preferably extends the whole length of the boiler on each side,
with enclosing furnace cased plates lined with fire brick over the furnaces, and
cleaning doors between these at each end, and a common ash-pit from end to end
below each furnace-grate. The ends of these water spaces are enclosed by a U-shaped
plate or angle iron, or a solid bar, so as preferably to be rivetted from the outer
ends, or either the inner or outer plates might in some cases be flanged and rivetted
together without the U shaped angle iron. The lower sadille water space part
between the two furnaces is also formed by two webs preferably made of thick
plates (forming the lower end tube plates, as will hereinafter be described) jointed
and rivetted along their sides to the upper ends of the side plates of the near
longitudinal water space of the two side furnaces. The front and back ends of
this lower water space may be formed with a wide Ụ flanged plate, rivetted
along each end to the upper and lower plates of the said lower water space; or
these upper and lower plates might be made with flanged ends and have a flat
plate end rivetted to these flanges. Along the upper longitudinal length of the boiler
at the top of the outer shell, and above and parallel to the lower water space, is
formed the upper hollow water and steam space of the boiler, deeper than the lower
water space, but preferably formed of upper and lower strong plates parallel to it,
forming the upper end tube plates, as will be hereinafter described, with the up-take
flue or flues leading to the chimney formed through the centre of the upper steam
and water vessel, or between the two upper vessels when made separate. The longi-
tudinal sides of this upper steain and water space would be formed of convex
seginental plates, and have the side plates of the shell of the boiler, forming the
outer water space, angled up over the fire space and rivetted by flanges to these
segmental ends. The front and back ends of this water space would preferably be
formed by concave or convex Ụ end plates rivetted by capped flanges to the said
upper and lower tube plates, or end flanges may be formed on the said tube plates,
and have the end plates rivetted to these. For this double form of boiler a series
or set of the said improved surface heating and water circulating stay tubes would
be fitted vertically or at an angle right up through the tube plates of the lower water
space and the plates of the upper water and steam space, and through between the
flue space over the furnaces between these, so as to be heated in this space by the

page_text: heated products of combustion leading to the centre flue and chimney. These vertical
water circulating tubes would, under one arrangement, be each screwed at their ends
to and through both tube plates of the said lower and upper water and steam spaces,
with screwed closing caps at their outer ends, screwed hard up against the upper and
lower tube plates, and have water circulating slits through them at the parts between
the double plates of the lower and upper water vessels or spaces to allow the water to
circulate up through the tubes, from the lower to the upper space and down through
the water side spaces forming the outer shell of the boiler. By an alternative
arrangement, these surface beating or stay tubes may only extend from the upper
tube plate of the lower water space to the lower tube plate of the upper steam
space, and be screwed or expanded to the inner tube plates, with their outer
ends open for the water to circulate through. In this arrangement a rod or
stay would be carried through the centro of each tube and secured to the outer
plates by screw caps and plugs, or be screwed through these plates at the neck
and point with nuts outside so as to securely stay the tube and boiler structure
together. A steam chamber accumulator or superheater, would preferably be placed
at the upper part of the boiler above the upper water and steam space, with
convex segmental or D plate sides and ends to form a space or receiver for the
steam generated in the boiler, and might also have screwed stay tubes through
it over the flue space leading to the chimney for the products of combustion to pass
through and superheat the steam within. The front and back ends of the boiler
although described as formed of plates over the furnaces and with hinged doors
between them opposite the flue space and tubes for cleaning these, and both cased and
lined with fire-brick, it is to be understood that these boilers might be formed with end
water spaces, and have the furnace doors and cleaning doors formed through these
end water spaces. The fire from the firegrate would impinge on the water space of
the boiler surrounding it, and heat this and each whole set or range of tubes; and a
constant circulation of water would take place from the upper water space down, and
round the water shell of the boiler below the fire grate and return through the
vertical or angled tubes, and thus a positive circulation and more efficient heating
surface will be obtained.
Under another arrangement of our improvements, as applied to steam boilers of the
semi-portable or locomotive type, suitable for torpedo boats, and in which the fire-
grate is placed at the one end, and the smoke-box and chimney flue at the other,
the upper water and steam space would preferably be formed in two flat parts rivetted
together at the centre with D-ends and sides either forming part of these pieces or
rivetted to them; and the lower water space would only extend to and be continued
down at the back of the firegrate and ashpit; but the side water spaces would be
brought vertically down all along from the back into the front end of the boiler and
furnaces and in frout down to the ground or bottom of the ashpit, and have a central
vertical water division projecting from the top water and steam space to the bottom
dividing the two furnaces and ashpit in front, the two furnace flues joining each other
in the vertical tube space at back of furnaces. The surface heating and water
circulating stay tubes would be fitted vertically between the lower water space and
the upper water and steam space, as described in reference to the former arrangement,
to fill up the whole space behind the two furnaces, extending to the back end of the
boiler or smoke-box, leading up to the chimney. The part of the upper water and
steam space above the fire boxes would preferably be inclined at an angle downwards
from the centre in front of the stay tubes, and have its upper and lower plates stayed
together by transverse vertical screw bolt or rod stays. The side water spaces of
the boiler as well as the lower vertical back water space behind the furnace and ashpit,
would all be stayed by transverse screw stays, and longitudinal long screw bolt stays
in the vertical side and centre water space. The part of the water and steam space
above the fire in this locomotive type of boiler may be raised up higher than the part
with the circulating tubes and be stayed in like manner to the straight parallel
arrangement of the vessel, and have longitudinal stays between the vertical stays, all
so as to form an increased steam space or accumulator, from which the steam would

page_text: be drawn off from this boiler when no upper superheating vessel was employed. The
front and back ends of this boiler might be formed as described in reference to the
first arrangement or modification, with cased sheet metal ends, lined with fire-brick,
or have water spaced cased ends, having the firing and cleaning door recesses formed
through the double plates or shells of the water spaces at the fire-box and smoke box
ends respectively, as in some other forms of semi-portable and locomotive fire-box
boilers. The upper and lower shells or plates of the steam and water spaces of these
boilers, would be formed with the usual man-hole or sludge doors, and with fittings
for the steam, water, brine and other outlet and inlet connections and feed water
heaters, and appliances in the outlet uptake flues for the heating of the air for forced
combustion.
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Steam Boilers.
WC, THOMAS WINGATE, of Viewfield, Partick, and LINDSAY BURNET, of Moore-
park Boiler Works, Govan, both in Lanarkshire, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying 6 Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention has reference to new or improved constructions, or arrangements
and combinations of the parts of steam boilers and especially in new or improved
constructions and mode of securing surface heating and water circulating stay tubes,
between the upper and lower water spaces of the boilers, and specially applicable
for use on board steam ships and torpedo boats, working up to a steam pressure of
from 200 to over 400 pounds with either natural or forced draught, or for water
heating and circulating land boilers, and which will be more compact and give a
greater heating surface and steam raising power for the space occupied, than in
steam boilers as heretofore constructed.
And in order that our said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood we have hereunto
appended six explanatory Sheets of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are
used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet I, are transverse and longitudinal vertical sections, and
Figure 3 a plan corresponding to Figure 1, of one construction of our improvements
in steam boilers. And Figure 3 A is a transverse section of a slightly different con-
figuration of this saddle shaped boiler, in which the upper steam and water space B,
and lower water space A, are concentric, and the tubes b, secured radially through
the outer and inner shells of these water spaces. While Figures 1 A, 1 B, and 10
on Sheet 2, show detailed sections of different modes of securing the circulating
water tubes for staying the shell spaces of the boiler. Figures 4 and 5 on Sheet 2
are a transverse sectional elevation and longitudinal elevation, and Figure 6 a half
plan corresponding to Figure 5 of a modified form of our improvements somewhat
different from that described in reference to the Figures on Sheet 1, and in which
tubes a are used for the outer shell water space a, a, of the arrangements shown
in the Figures on Sheet 1. Figures 7 and 8 on Sheet 3, show transverse and
longitudinal sectional elevations, and Figure 9 a plan corresponding to Figure 8, of
another arrangement of our improvements somewhat different from that shown on
Sheets 1 and 2 and in which the outer side shell A3 and tube parts a³ of the
former modifications on Sheets 1 and 2 are dispensed with and the outer brick
furnaces and side walls gare built for these parts. Figures 10, 11 and 12 on
Sheet 4, show transverse and longitudinal sectional elevations and a half plan respec-
tively of another arrangement of our improvements, somewhat similar to that shown

page_text: :-
in Sheets 1 to 3; and Figure 12 A is a transverse section of a slightly different forin
of configuration of the arrangement shown in Figures 10 to 12. Figures 13 and 14
on Sheet 5 are transverse and longitudinal sectional elevations and Figure 15 a plan
corresponding to Figure 14, of a modification of our improveinents as applied to a
seini-portable or locomotive type of boiler. And Figure 15 A is an end section of a
slightly different arrangement from that shown in Figures 13 to 15, in which the
water chamber A and steam and water chamber B are set at an angle parallel to
each other, and with the tubes & secured at right angles through the walls of these
chambers all instead of horizontal and vertical respectively as in the former modifi-
cation Figures 13 to 15, and letters to correspond. And Figures 16, 17 and 18 on
Sheet 6, are transverse and longitudinal sectional elevations and a plan respectively,
of a slightly different modification of our improvements from that shown in
Figures 13 to 15 Sheet 5, as applied to a semi-portable or locomotive type of boiler.
Referring to the arrangements shown in Sheets 1 to 3 of these Drawings:
According to these arrangements of marine steam boilers constructed in accordance
with our improvements, which we term duplex furnace boilers, we form the whole
boiler of a saddle shape in transverse section, as shown in the vertical end sections
of these arrangements, in Figures 1, 3A, 4 and 7 with a fire grate G along each
longitudinal lower side part All of the saddle A, A', preferably fired from both
ends and of an inverted U or channel shape. And referring to Figures 1 to 3 A
on Sheet 1, we make the outer shell or bottom A', A¹¹, and sides Ai, of the boiler
and furnace, of two divisions of plates a, a', stayed together by short transverse
screw rivetted stays a", to form a hollow narrow water circulating space a² all
round the sides, and fire grate G which preferably extends the whole length of the
boiler on each side, with enclosing furnace cased plates indicated by dotted lines
in Figure 2 at the ends Ax of the boiler lined with firebrick over the furnaces, and
with firing and cleaning doors through these plates at each end of the furnace part G
not shown in these Drawings, and a cominon ash-pit G' from end to end below
each furnace grate G. The ends of these water spaces a² are enclosed by U-shaped
plates a or it might be angle irons or solid bars preferably dished or fitted so as to
be rivetted from the outer ends as seen more particularly in Figure 2 and obtain
large cleaning doors or the ends of the inner or outer plates a a¹ of this water space ԱՉ
might in some cases be flanged and rivetted together without the U-shaped angle
irons a³. The lower saddle water space part A between the two furnaces G G is also
formed by two webs at A', A", preferably made of thick tube plates (both forming
the lower end tube plates, as will hereinafter be described) jointed and rivetted along
their sides at A³ to the upper inner ends of the side plates a, a¹ of the near longi-
tudinal water spaces a² of the two side furnaces G. The front and back ends of this
lower water space A A may be formed with a wide Ụ flanged plate A³ rivetted
along each end of the upper and lower plates A', A", of the said lower water
space A, A or these upper and lower plates A¹ A might be made with flanged
ends and have a flat plate end rivetted to these flanges. Along the upper longi-
tudinal length of the boiler at the top of the outer side shells A, A, and above
and parallel to the lower water space A, A, is formed the upper hollow water and
steam space or chamber B of the boiler, deeper than the lower water space A, A,
but preferably formed of upper and lower strong plates B₁, B", parallel to it,
forming the upper end tube plates, as will be hereinafter described, with the uptake
flues or flue tubes B³, B2, leading to the chimney fitted through the centre of this
upper steam and water vessel B, B, as shown in Sheet 1 or one flue B2 between the
two upper vessels B, B, when these are made separate, as shown in the Figures on
Sheets 2 and 3.
The longitudinal sides of this upper steam and water chamber or space B, B, are
formed of semicircular or convex segmental plates at B3, B³, and have the upper ends
of the side plates a, a', of the shell AA", of the boiler, forming the outer water
space, angled or curved over the fire space G₁, G", and rivetted by flanges to
these segmental ends B³. The front and back ends of this steam and water
chamber B, B, is preferably formed by convex U end plates B¹¹¹ the same as the

page_text: side plates B, but these ends might be concave or made of straight plates with
flanges capped outwards in same manner as the end plates A³ of the lower water
space A and as shown at B in the arrangement shown in Figures 4 to 9, in which
case they would be fitted with longitudinal stay bolts as indicated at B, and
rivetted by plain or capped flanges B to the said upper and lower tube
plates B', B, or end flanges may be formed on the said tube plates B₁, B", and
have the end plates Bi rivetted to these. For this double form of boiler
a series or set of the said improved surface heating and water circulating
stay tubes are fitted at each side vertically or at an angle at right angles
up through the tube plates A', A", of this lower water space A and
the plates B, B₁, of the upper water and steam space B, B, and through
between the flue chamber G' over the furnaces G, G", between these, so as to be
heated in this space by the heated products of combustion leading to the centre
flues B, and chimney, as indicated by the arrows in Figures 1 and 3 A. These vertical
water circulating tubes b, b, under one arrangement are each screwed at where
their ends pass through both tube plates A¹ A" and B¹, B", of the said lower and
upper water and steam spaces, preferably with screwed closing caps 611 at their outer
ends, screwed hard up against the upper and lower tube plates B₁, A". These screw
parts are all screwed with the same fine pitch of screw, but each sufficiently larger
in diameter towards the top end of the tubes, that each tube passes through the screwed
hole in the plate above it, to enable all the tubes b to be screwed and inserted and
removed from the top. Each tube b is formed with water circulating slits 62 through
it at its lower and upper ends either cut longitudinally transverselly or at an angle at
the parts between the double plates of the lower and upper water vessels or spaces A,
and B, to allow the water to circulate up through the tubes, from the lower spaco A
to the upper space B and down through the water side spaces a², forming the outer
shell of the boiler as indicated by the darts in Figures 1 and 3A. By an alternative
arrangement, these surface heating and stay tubes b, may only extend from the upper
tube plate A1, of the lower water space A, to the lower tube plate B of the upper
steam space B and be screwed and expanded through these inner tube plates A1, B",
as shown in Figures 1A, 1B, or as shown at 1 C, only screwed and expanded into
the upper plate B" and turned conoidally at the lower end shoulder 6x to fit corre-
spondingly bored holes in the lower plate A¹ with a screw nut on the outer end
of the tube securing this joint and tube to the plate A', and having the outer ends of
the tubes open for the water to circulate through as seen in the detail sections
Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C on Sheet 2. In this arrangement a rod or stay 6³ would be
carried through the centre of each tube b, and secured to the outer plates A, B¹ by
screw plugs or caps 61, screwed into these outer plates BA, and on to the outer
ends of the stays 63, as shown in Figure 1A, or with nuts outside of the plugs 6,111,
as shown in Figures 1B, and 1C, so as to securely stay the tube plates and boiler
walls together. A steam chamber accumulator, or superheater, might be placed at
the upper part of the boiler above the upper water and steam spaces B, with convex
segmental or D plate sides and ends to form a space or receiver for the steam
generated in the boiler, and might also have screwed stay tubes through it over
the flue space B' leading to the chimney for the products of combustion to pass
through and superheat the steam within. The front and back ends A*, of the
boiler although described as formed with cased plates over the furnaces G, and
with hinged doors through them opposite the flue space and tubes for cleaning
these, and both cased and lined with firebrick, it is to be understood that these
boilers might be formed with end water spaces, and have the furnace door and
cleaning doors formed through these end water spaces. The fire from the firegrate G
would impinge on the plates of the water space a² of the boiler surrounding it, and
heat this and each whole set or range of tubes b, b; and a constant circulation of
water would take place from the upper water space B down, and round the water
space a of the shell A under the fire grate to the lower water space A of the boiler
above the fire-grate G, and return up through the vertical or angled tubes b, (or it
might be vice versa) and thus a positive circulation and more efficient heating surfaco

page_text: will be obtained. Referring to the arrangement of boiler shown in Figures 4 to 6 on
Sheet 2, this is a modification of the improved construction of saddle shaped boilers
shown in Figures 1 to 3 A in which the lower water chamber A is made much larger
and deeper, of the construction of the water and steam chamber B in the former
figures, and in which the upper steam and water chambers B, B, are made separate
for each set of the uptake circulating heating tubes b, and both have their end
plates B with capped flanges so as to be rivetted from the outside as shown at B
and B, with a flue opening B2 between the chambers B, B, closed at the end by
brick partitions at B* or it might be by metal plates as shown in Figures 7 and 9, for
conveying the waste gases to the chimney and having these sets of tubes b, formed,
fitted and secured to the tube plates of the lower water chamber A and water and
steam chamber B, all substantially as described in reference to the former arrange-
ment. But instead of having the outer side shell A¹ formed of double plates a, a',
with return water space a², as shown in Sheet 1 we here form these sides of the
boiler and furnace G, to G, of a set of bent tubes a ranged vertically along the
whole longitudinal sides of the boiler, outside the furnace G, having their lower
and upper ends all expanded into holes bored for them in the lower parts and
sides A, B, of the shells of the lower and upper water chambers or sections A, B,
respectively. And the inner lower curved part of these tubes forming the ashpit Gi
below the firegrate G would have a semi-circular longitudinal plate g fitted in it
for cleaning out the ashes. The longitudinal sides of these sets of tubes a³, might
either be covered in by plates and asbestos or other lagging, or by a wall of fire-
brick outside as dotted in at gl Figure 4. In other respects this arrangement is
substantially the same as described in reference to Figures 1 to 3 A. and lettered
to correspond. Referring to the arrangement shown in Figures 7, to 9 on Sheet 3,
the lower central water chamber A in this case is constructed much similar to that
shown in Figures 1 to 3, but with the longitudinal side edges of the plates A', A",
forming it, bent down and rivetted together at A, along the whole near side of
the furnace, and at the ends also, and having the furnace chambers G" leading up to
the two sets of heating tubes b, enclosed by brickwork g² dispensing with the outer
double shell A1, and water spaces a³, and water tubes a³ of the former arrange-
ments Figures 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 respectively; and in this arrangement the feed
water would be fed into the lower chamber A at one or both ends, or at the centre as
indicated at a, and would circulate up the two sets of tubes to their respective
separate upper water and steam chambers B, B, and be otherwise all constructed,
fitted and secured according to our improvements as described in reference to the
other figures and lettered to correspond. Referring to the arrangements of our
improvements shown in Figures 10 to 12 and 12 A Sheet 4 this is similar to that
shown on sheet 3, only having the inner ends of the lower water chamber A, and
upper water and steam chambers B, to incline downwards, and the water circulating
tubes 6 to incline upwards and inwards, instead of conversely as in Figures 7 to 9.
In this arrangement also the furnace and fire chamber G G G is placed in the
centre between the two sets of chambers and tubes, so that the flames and hot
gases ascend and heat the water circulating tubes and it may be with separating
or division bricks H making the flames and hot gases to pass first to the one side
or end and then back to the other of the whole sets of the tubes b on one side, as
indicated by the arrows in Figure 10, and as indicated in detailed plan view
Figure 10 A; and circulating water pipes or tubes H are carried down the outsides
to connect the upper water and steam space B with the lower water space A, to
produce a return current instead of the hollow space All, a³, shown in figures 1
to 3 or the tubes as shown in Figures 4 to 6. Instead of these arrangements being
duplex as shown in Sheets 2 to 4, a single arrangement of lower water chamber A and
water and steam chamber B with connecting circulating tubes b may be used, as
indicated in Figure 15 A Sheet 5 that is the parts on each side of the furnace and
centre line might be used separately. Figure 12 A on this Sheet, shows a slightly 5
different form of the arrangement shown in Figures 10 to 12, in which the lower
water space A is formed by a double shell A, A¹, as also the sides and ends of

page_text: the furnace chamber G, G¹, G", with a water space a² and double plates a, a¹, as
shown in the Figures on Sheet 1, and lettered to correspond; and the upper water
and steam chambers B of both sets of tubes bare formed in one vessel, and have the
gases ascending from the furnace outwards through between the two sets of tubes b
up the flue space G* all as indicated by the arrows, the currents of the water being
indicated by daris. Instead of having double furnaces G, G¹, G", to fire from each
end of these arrangements of boilers, they may be only single furnaces in the longi-
tudinal direction for each double or single set of tubes b.
Referring to Figures 13 to 18 on Sheets 5 and 6 ; under the arrangements of our
improvements, shown in these Figures as applied to steam boilers of the semi-portable
or locomotive type specially suitable for torpedo boats, and in which the fire grate G
and ashpit G, and vertical firebox G is placed at the one end, and the smoke-box and
chimney flue at the other end as at G3 beyond the flue chamber G, through which the
vertical circulating and heating water tubes 6 pass, to be heated by the ascending
flames and gases, as indicated by the arrows, the upper water and steam space or
chamber B, is preferably formed in one part as in Figures 1 to 3, or it might be in
two flat parts rivetted together at the centre, with D-ends and sides B³ either forming
part of the upper and lower plates B', B", or rivetted to them, and the lower water
space A, through which the lower ends of the tubes are screwed only extends to
and is continued down at G, at the back of the fire-box G", and ashpit G₁; but the
side water spaces A are brought vertically down all along from the back end G³ of
the boiler to the front end of the boiler and furnaces G down to the ground and in
front at G over the grate-bars G, and might have a central vertical water division
projecting from the top water and steam space B to the bottom dividing the two
furnaces G and ashpit G' in front the two furnace flues joining each other in the
vertical tube space G at back of furnaces, as indicated at the dotted line G in
Figure 14, or this dividing water space G in the furnace may be dispensed with and
the furnace chamber G extend right across from the side water spaces A³, A³, with
one fire grate G only between. The surface heating and water circulating stay tubes b
are fitted vertically between the lower water space A and the upper water and steam
space B screwed through their upper and lower tube plates A₁ A" and B', B", as
described in reference to the former arrangements, and all lettered to correspond to fill
up the whole space behind the fire-box G₁₁ extending to the back end of the boiler or
smoke-box at G³, leading up to the chimney. The part of the upper water and
steam space B above the fire-box or boxes G₁ may be inclined at an angle downwards
from the centre in front of the stay tubes as shown at B6, in Figures 16 to 18, and
have its upper and lower plates B, B, stayed together by transverse vertical screw
rivetted or bolt or rod stays h, the parts at B of the lower plates B" where the
stays are screwed and rivetted being flattened for the more perfect securing of
the sauce and the lower water space A might have its lower space A" also angled
down towards the furnace to assist the better circulation and return of the to the
tubes b, as dotted in at A in Figure 17, and this arrangement would preferably be
fitted with the return circulating water tubes H¹ on each side of the front of the
boiler between the upper water and steam chamber B and the sides A¹¹, of the lower
water chamber A. The side water spaces A111, a2, of the boiler as well as the lower
vertical back water space at G4 behind the furnace and ashpit, and the front water
space at G³, when that is used would have their inner and outer walls a, a', bound
or stayed together by transverse screw rivetted stays a". The part of the water and
steam space B above the fire-box G in this locomotive type of boiler may be raised up
higher than the part with the circulating tubes 6 and be stayed in like manner to the
straight parallel arrangement of the vessel, and have longitudinal stays between the
vertical stays, all so as to form an increased steam space or accumulator, from which
the steam would be drawn off from this boiler when no upper superbeating vessel
was employed. The front and back ends of this boiler might be formed as indicated
at A in Sheet 1 in reference to the first arrangement or modification with sheet
metal ends, lined with fire-brick or have water space cased ends as indicated at G³
in front Figures 13 to 15, having the firing and cleaning door recesses y formed

page_text: through the double plates or shells a, a¹, of the water spaces G' at the fire-box and
smoke-box ends respectively, as in some other forms of semi-portable and locomotive
fire-box hoilers. The upper and lower outer shells or plates B', of the steam and
water chamber B, and the shell A" of the lower water space A of these boilers,
would be formed with the usual manhole and sludge doors; and with branch fittings
for the steam, water, brine, and other outlet and inlet connections, and have feed
water heaters, and appliances in the outlet uptake flues for the heating of the air for
forced combustion when that is employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-.
First. The construction or arrangement and combination of the parts of steam
boilers having lower and upper water and steam spaces or chambers with surface
heating and water circulating screwed stay removable tubes fitted between them sub-
stantially as herein described and distinguished, in reference to and shown in the
several Figures on Sheets 1 to 6 respectively of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In steam boilers, the construction and use of surface heating and water
circulating stay removable tubes with slit ends fitted between the lower water space
and the upper water and steam space or chambers, and screwed through both the outer
and inner plates of said chambers substantially as herein described, in reference to-
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In steam boilers, the construction and use of surface heating and water
circulating removable tubes with open ends, fitted between the lower water space and
the upper water and steam space or chamber and screwed or expanded with or
without nuts into the inner tube plates, and having the outer plates of said chambers
stayed by a rod through the tubes, and caps and screws outside, substantially as
herein described and shown in reference to Figures 1A, 1B and 1C of the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourth: The constructing of steam boilers of a saddle shape in transverse section,
and with a lower water space and an upper water and steam space or chamber, con-
nected by stay removable tubes with slit or open ends screwed through their plates,
and having the sides and bottom of the furnace chambers formed either with a hollow
double shelled or tubular water circulating space, or built up of firebrick, all sub-
stantially as and for the advantages herein described and distinguished in reference to
and shown in the Figures 1 to 3 A, Sheet 1, 4 to 6 Sheet 2, 7 to 9 Sheet 3, and 10 to 12
and 12 A Sheet 4, of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The constructing of steam boilers of the semi-portable or locomotive type,
with a lower water space and an upper water and steam space or chamber connected
by stay removable tubes with slit or open ends screwed through their inner and outer
plates, substantially as and for the advantages herein described and distinguished in
reference to and shown in Figures 13 to 15 and 15 A Sheet 5, and 16 to 18 on Sheet 6,
of the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this 28th day of June 1889