Improvements in Intensifying Hydraulic Presses and Apparatus in connection therewith.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 14th Aug., 1899-Accepted, 21st Oct.,
1899
Improvements in Intensifying Hydraulic Presses and Apparatus
in connection therewith.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Build-
ings, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to me
from Abroad by Firm of Haniel & Lueg, of Düsseldorf-Grafenberg, Germany,
Engineers and Ironfounders,) to be as follows:-
Hydraulic presses of present construction in which appliances are employed
for transmitting the pressures in an intensified manner, suffer from the dis-
advantage that the piston of the low pressure transmitting cylinder can recede
independently of the press piston or plunger when both are operating together.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, if for instance in the construction
shewn in vertical section at Fig. 1, (which is to be considered as a modification
of the arrangement shewn in vertical section at Fig. 2, cylinder C₁ of Fig. 2
being there replaced by C in combination with cylinder B¹) the lower plunger
or piston e with its cylinder E, which is always under pressure, were removed,
and replaced by press cylinder B, Fig. 2, this construction would represent a
known construction of normal intensifying press.
If in such a known press the lever a were moved to the discharge position, the
piston c would recede in C without necessarily causing the press plunger b to
move back with it. An empty space or vacuum would thus be produced in the
cylinder B which would cause a subsequent detrimental effect in the following
sudden forward motion of the pistons.
The precautions hitherto taken to prevent such action by allowing water to
be drawn into the cylinder B in the event of such a vacuum being formed, only
remedies the evil to a slight extent, because in that case the relative positions
of the two pistons will be changed at the next forward stroke, and, in addition,
the connection of the working lever a by means of rods with the necessary
admission valve would interfere with the rapid and convenient manipulation
thereof for controlling the working of the press.
The present invention relates to improvements in such intensifying presses
whereby a forcible receding motion of the transmitting piston C is effected by
the press plunger b in combination with the counter cylinders F which cause the
plunger 6 to exercise an upward acting hydraulic pressure during its receding
motion for this purpose.
This is effected by providing an opposing force which prevents the commence-
ment of the motion of piston c in Cor of el in either on the downward motion,
as at Fig. 1, by its own weight, or on its upward motion, as at Fig. 2, by a
constantly acting counter pressure that balances its weight.
The press can then only be actuated by the motion in one direction or the
other of the inlet and outlet lever, a or a¹, and thus the press can be made to
work in the simplest possible manner.
In order with such a construction of press to obtain a greater working

page_text: stroke of the press plunger than can be effected by a single stroke of the trans-
mitting cylinder and piston, the pistons f of the withdrawing or lifting cylinders F
which effect the return motion of the plunger b, and piston c or c¹, are, according
to this invention made to communicate with a second pressure intensifier G
with pistons g g, and furthermore, by means of this second intensifier a
movement of the press plunger b without doing work can be effected by the aid
of a special piston valve mechanism H.
In place of this second pressure intensifier G a pipe J always charged with
pressure fluid indicated in dotted lines may be used without materially altering
the arrangement of the valve device H.
The lever a by means of which this valve device is actuated is connected
with the controlling valve of the second intensifier G, the dimension of which
can thus be kept very moderate as by means of this lever connection a subsequent
filling up of the intensifier G can always be effected as will be presently
explained.
The action of the above described arrangement is as follows:
Assuming piston c Fig. 1 or c Fig. 2 to be in the starting position, then
if pressure fluid, steam, air, &c., be admitted to the transmitting piston cor cl
through the supply pipe k Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, by the movement of the
lever a or a', piston or will be forced into the fluid contained in the
press cylinder B or B, so as there to produce an increased pressure as compared
with that in C or C corresponding to the proportion between the areas of
pistons c and c", or c¹ and ², and by this means, as also by the displacement of
liquid by plunger co or c², a movement of the press plunger b will be effected,
as also simultaneously a forcing forward of the withdrawing plungers f which
are subject to the constant pressure of the second intensifier G.
If, on the other hand by means of lever a or a¹ the pressure be discharged
from c or C¹, the withdrawing plungers f will raise the plunger into its starting
position again, and by the displacement of liquid in B by plunger b the
piston c or c¹ will also be brought back to its starting position.
By moving the slide nor n¹ to and fro by the corresponding motion of the
lever a or a, a corresponding sequence of strokes of the press plunger b will
consequently be produced; in this action only working fluid pressure in the
transmitter cylinders C or C will be consumed. The piston g of the second
intensifier G for the withdrawing plungers will only move up and down without
expending pressure fluid, as the pistons g g will only transmit a constant
pressure in moving up and down to a corresponding extent, g, as before stated,
being subject to a constant pressure.
If, on the other hand, the action of the press is to be such that after the press
plunger has been moved to the extent possible by the single stroke of the
transmitter plunger or 2, it shall be moved still farther forward instead of
being moved backward, then by means of the lever a² the piston valve his
moved into such a position that not only the withdrawing 'cylinders but also the
press cylinder B or B₁ receive pressure fluid from the second intensifier. Fig. 4
shews this position of the piston valve.
The area of the press plunger b being considerably greater than that of the
two withdrawing plungers f combined, the former will not only remain in its
position, but also, when the lever a or a¹ is moved so as to move the slide n or n¹
to the discharge position, the pressure from the second intensifier in acting on
the plunger or will force the same and consequently the piston c or c¹ back
into its starting position.
If now the slide n or n¹ be again moved so as to admit fluid pressure to the
piston C or C this will again force the press plunger forward with intensified
pressure.
For this purpose it is not necessary to alter the position of a² or piston
valve because as soon as a greater pressure is produced in B by the piston C
or C than that of the second intensifier G a check valve is closed thereby

page_text: cutting off the connection between B and hand G. Thus after having once moved
piston valve h by lever a² into the above described position, Fig. 4. the
plunger b can be made to perform its full working stroke by sufficient repetitions
of the strokes of c or c¹ produced by the to and fro motion of a or a¹.
If in place of the second intensifier a conduit for high pressure fluid J
is employed, the action is precisely the same as described, and the full stroke of
the plunger b can be effected as before.
If the capacity of the second intensifier does not suffice for supplying the
necessary pressure fluid for enabling the plunger b to perform its full stroke, it
may be replenished from a reservoir K. For this purpose the lever a2 and
valve h are brought into the position shewn at Fig. 7; in this position the
pressure supply D is cut off from the valve chamber H, as is also the discharge A,
and the communications R and P between the withdrawing and press cylinders
are also closed, so that the press is entirely cut off.
On the other hand by this position of lever a² the valve r of the second
intensifier, which valve has a sliding connection with a², is brought into such
a position that the pressure fluid can escape from below piston g. The pistons gg¹
then sink down by gravity and g¹ draws liquid into its cylinder L from the
reservoir K, the check valve p being automatically raised by the pressure of
the liquid in K.
On the lever a² being then again brought into the position at Fig. 4, the
slide valve r is again brought into position for admitting pressure fluid in G,
whereupon the piston gl will again operate as described for working the press.
The above action can be repeated as often as may be required.
If, for the starting position of the press plunger bit be only necessary in the
first instance to bring the press head M down upon the object to be operated,
this can be effected without the aid of the second intensifier G.
For this purpose
the lever a² and piston valve h are brought into the position shewn at Fig. 3,
in which the pressure fluid can pass out of the withdrawing cylinders F the
flow being throttled to any required extent in order to prevent the press plunger b
and head M from descending too rapidly, such pressure fluid being made to flow
into the press cylinder B past the check valve o which is automatically opened.
As however such pressure fluid is not sufficient to fill the space in cylinder B
formed by the descent of the plunger b, a supplemental quantity of fluid is
simultaneously automatically drawn in from the reservoir K through the check
valve and pipe A.
•
When the press head M reaches the object to be pressed, the lever a2 is
brought into the position Fig. 4, whereupn the plungers f as also c² or co will
be again subject to the pressure of the second intensifier G and will be brought
to their starting positions.
When this has been effected, the pressing operation can be effected at high
pressure by means of the transmitting cylinders C or C as above described; or
the lever a can be brought into the position shewn at Fig. 5 so that only the
withdrawing plungers f are subjected to the pressure fluid in D, and the pressing
is effected to the extent possible with the single stroke of C or C¹.
The supply pipe R of the withdrawing cylinders is preferably provided with
a safety valve s.
For raising the plunger and head M, the lever a² is brought into the position
shewn at Fig. 6; in this case the check valve o is forcibly opened by means
of a lever acted upon by the stem of the piston valve h, when this is moved
by the lever a In this position of the piston valve h the pressure fluid can pass
from cylinder B through the opened check valve and the piston valve casing
into the discharge pipe A and thence into the reservoir K. The withdrawing
cylinders are subject to pressure and effect the raising of plunger b, thereby
driving the fluid out of the cylinder B; the discharge of the fluid can be so
arranged as to be throttled by the piston valve, so that the transmitter piston c
or c¹ will remain in its starting position or is brought into that position.

page_text: It should be stated that the raising of the valve o is best effected from below
in order not to have a stuffing box of the valve spindle which is subject to the
high pressure fluid; the valve is only shewn actuated from above in the drawing
for the sake of clearness.
When it is actuated from below, the valve o must have some play on its
spindle.
In order to enable the press plunger b to work automatically during a certain
part of its stroke, the lever a or a¹ of the slide valve n or n' of the transmitting
cylinder C or C is subject to the action of a tappet rod t which is connected
to the press head M and has two adjustable tappets uul which, at the desired
end positions act on a finger so as to automatically shift lever a or a¹ so that at
cach end position a reversal of the motion is effected.
Dated this 21st day of November 1898.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Intensifying Hydraulic Presses and Apparatus.
in connection therewith.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Southampton Build-
ings, in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to me
from abroad by Firm of Haniel & Lueg of Dusseldorf-Grafenberg, Germany,
Engineers and Ironfounders,) to be as follows:-
Hydraulic presses of present construction in which appliances are employed
for transmitting the pressures in an intensified manner, suffer from the dis-
advantage that the piston of the low pressure transmitting cylinder can recede
independently of the press piston or plunger when both are operating together.
Referring to the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification, if for
instance, in the construction shewn in vertical section at Fig. 1, (which is to
be considered as a modification of the arrangement shewn in vertical section at
Fig. 2, cylinder C₁ of Fig. 2 being there replaced by C in combination with
cylinder B) the lower plunger or piston e with its cylinder E, which is always
under pressure, were removed, and replaced by press cylinder B, Fig. 2, this
construction would represent a known construction of normal intensifying press.
If in such a known press the lever a were moved to the discharge position, the
piston c would recede in C without necessarily causing the press plunger b to
nove back with it. An empty space or vacuum would thus be produced in the
cylinder B which would cause a subsequent détrimental effect in the following
sudden forward motion of the pistons.
The precautions hitherto taken to prevent such action by allowing water to
be drawn into the cylinder B in the event of such a vacuum being formed, only
remedies the evil to a slight extent, because in that case the relative positions
of the two pistons will be changed at the next forward stroke, and, in addition,
the connection of the working lever a by means of rods with the necessary
admission valve would interfere with the rapid and convenient manipulation
thereof for controlling the working of the press.
The present invention relates to improvements in such intensifying presses
whereby a forcible receding motion of the transmitting piston C is effected by
the press plunger 6 in combination with the counter cylinders F which cause the

page_text: plunger b to exercise an upward acting hydraulic pressure during its receding
motion for this purpose.
This is effected by providing an opposing force which prevents the commence-
ment of the motion of piston e in Cor c¹ in C¹ either on the downward motion,
as at Fig. 1, by its own weight, or on its upward motion, as at Fig. 2, by a
constantly acting counter pressure that balances its weight.
The press can then only be actuated by the motion in one direction or the
other of the inlet and outlet lever a or a', and thus the press can be made to
work in the simplest possible manner.
In order, with such a construction of press, to obtain a greater working
stroke of the press plunger than can be effected by a single stroke of the trans-
mitting cylinder and piston, the pistons f of the withdrawing or lifting cylinders F
which effect the return motion of the plunger b, and piston c or c¹, are, according
to this invention made to communicate with a second pressure intensifier (
with pistons g g, and furthermore, by means of this second intensifier a
movement of the press plunger b without doing work can be effected by the aid
of a special piston valve mechanism H.
In place of this second pressure intensifier G a pipe J always charged with
pressure fluid indicated in dotted lines may be used without materially altering
the arrangement of the valve device H.
The lever a by means of which this valve device is actuated is connected
with the controlling valve of the second intensifier G, the dimension of which
can thus be kept very moderate, (thereby economising space,) as by means of
this lever connection a subsequent filling up of the intensifier G can always be
effected, as will be presently explained.
The action of the above described arrangement is as follows:-
Assuming piston c, Fig. 1, or c¹, Fig. 2, to be in the starting position, then
if pressure fluid, steam, air, &c., be admitted to the transmitting piston c or c¹
through the supply pipe k, Fig. 1 or k¹, Fig. 2, by the movement of the
lever a or a, piston c or c² will be forced in to the fluid contained in the
piess cylinder B or B, so as there to produce an increased pressure as compared
with that in or C₁ corresponding to the proportion between the areas of
pistons c and c", or cand, and by this means, as also by the displacement of
liquid by plunger co or c², a movement of the press plunger will be effected,
as also simultaneously a forcing forward of the withdrawing plungers of which
are subject to the constant pressure of the second intensifier G.
If, on the other hand, by means of lever a or the pressure be discharged
from c or C, the withdrawing plungers f will raise the plunger b into its starting
position again, and by the displacement of liquid in B by plunger b the
piston c or cl will also be brought back to its starting position.
By moving the slide n or n¹ to and fro by the corresponding motion of the
lever a or a', a corresponding sequence of strokes of the press plunger b will
consequently be produced; in this action only working fluid pressure in the
transmitter cylinders C or C will be consumed. The piston g of the second
intensifier G for the withdrawing plungers will only move up and down without
expending pressure fluid, as the pistons g g will only transmit a constant
pressure in moving up and down to a corresponding extent, g, as before stated,
being subject to a constant pressure.
If, on the other hand, the action of the press is to be such that after the press
plunger has been moved to the extent possible by the single stroke of the
transmitter plunger co or ², it shall be moved still farther forward instead of
being moved backward, then by means of the lever a² the piston valve his
moved into such a position that not only the withdrawing cylinders but also the
press cylinder B or B₁ receive pressure fluid from the second intensifier. Fig. A
shews this position of the piston valve.
The area of the press plunger b being considerably greater than that of the
two withdrawing, plungers f combined, the former will not only remain in its

page_text: position, but also, when the lever a or a¹ is moved so as to move the slide n or n¹
to the discharge position, the pressure from the second intensifier in acting on
the plunger co or will force the same and consequently the piston c or c¹ back
into its starting position.
If now the slide n or n¹ be again moved so as to admit fluid pressure to the
piston C or C¹ this will again force the press plunger 6 forward with intensified
pressure.
For this purpose it is not necessary to alter the position of a³ or piston
valve h because as soon as a greater pressure is produced in B by the piston C
or C than that of the second intensifier G, a check valve o is closed, thereby
.. cutting off the connection between B and h and G., Thus after having once moved
piston valve h by lever a into the above described position, Fig. 4. the
plunger 6 can be made to perform its full working stroke by sufficient repetitions
of the strokes of c or c¹ produced by the to and fro motion of a or a¹.
If, in the place of the second intensifier, a conduit for high pressure fluid J
is employed, the action is precisely the same as described, and the full stroke of
the plunger b can be effected as before.
If the capacity of the second intensifier does not suffice for supplying the
necessary pressure fluid for enabling the plunger 6 to perform its full stroke, it
may be replenished from a reservoir K. For this purpose the lever a² and
valve h are brought into the position shewn at Fig. 7; in this position the
pressure supply D is cut off from the valve chamber H, as is also the discharge A,
and the communications R and P between the withdrawing and press cylinders
are also closed, so that the press is entirely cut off.
On the other hand, by this position of lever the valve of the second
intensifier, which valve has a sliding connection with a², is brought into such
a position that the pressure fluid can escape from below piston g. The pistons g 9¹
then sink down by gravity and g¹ draws liquid into its cylinder L from the
reservoir K; the check valve ? being automatically raised by the pressure of
the liquid in K.
On the lever a being then again brought into the position at Fig. 4, the
slide valve is again brought into position for admitting pressure fluid in G,
whereupon the piston g¹ will again operate as described for working the press.
The above action can be repeated as often as may be required.
If, for the starting position of the press plunger 6 it be only necessary in the
first instance to bring the press head M down upon the object to be operated,
this can be effected without the aid of the second intensifier G.
For this purpose
the lever a² and piston valve h are brought into the position shewn at Fig. 3,
in which the pressure fluid can pass out of the withdrawing cylinders F, the
flow being throttled to any required extent in order to prevent the press plunger b
and head M from descending too rapidly, such pressure fluid being made to flow
into the press cylinder B past the check valve o which is automatically opened.
As however, such pressure fluid is not sufficient to fill the space in cylinder B
formed by the descent of the plunger b, a supplemental quantity of fluid is
simultaneously automatically drawn in from the reservoir K through the check
valve q and pipe A.
When the press head M. reaches the object to be pressed, the lever a² is
brought into the position Fig. 4, whereupon the plungers f as also ² or co will
be again subject to the pressure of the second intensifier G and will be brought
to their starting positions.
When this has been effected, the pressing operation can be effected at high
pressure by means of the transmitting cylinders C or C¹, as above described; or
the lever a² can be brought into the position shewn at Fig. 5 so that only the
withdrawing plungers f are subjected to the pressure fluid in D, and the pressing
is effected to the extent possible with the single stroke of C or C¹.
The supply pipe R of the withdrawing cylinders is preferably provided with
a safety valve s.

page_text: For raising the plunger and head M, the lever a² is brought into the position
shewn at Fig. 6; in this case the check valve o is forcibly opened by means
of a lever acted upon by the stem of the piston valve h, when this is moved
by the lever a². In this position of the piston valve h the pressure fluid can pass
from cylinder B through the opened check valve and the piston valve casing
into the discharge pipe A and thence into the reservoir K. The withdrawing
cylinders are subject to pressure and effect the raising of plunger b, thereby
driving the fluid out of the cylinder B; the discharge of the fluid can be so
arranged as to be throttled by the piston valve, so that the transmitter piston c
or c¹ will remain in its starting position or is brought into that position.
It should be stated that the raising of the valve o is best effected from below
in order not to have a stuffing box of the valve spindle which is subject to the
high pressure fluid; the valve is only shewn actuated from above in the drawing
for the sake of clearness.
When it is actuated from below, the valve o must have some play on its
spindle.
In order to enable the press plunger b to work automatically during a certain
part of its stroke, the lever a or a¹ of the slide valve or n¹ of the transmitting
cylinder C or C is subject to the action of a tappet rod t which is connected
to the press head M and has two adjustable tappets u which, at the desired
end positions act on a finger so as to automatically shift lever a or a¹ so that at
each end position a reversal of the motion is effected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Intensifying hydraulic presses wherein the return stroke of the low pres-
sure transmitting piston C or C is forcibly effected by the return motion of
the press piston b, which, in producing a pressure in the cylinder B causes
the intensifying piston or to overcome either the downward pressure of the
piston c Fig. 2 due to its weight or the constant upward pressure in cylinder E
acting against the weight of piston c. Fig. 1, the said return motion of piston b
being effected by the withdrawing cylinders F, substantially as described.
2. In an intensifying hydraulic press such as is referred to in the first claim,
increasing the stroke of the press head M relatively to that of the transmitting
piston by means of a second intensifier G whose pistons ggl transmit hydraulic
pressure to the pistons of the withdrawing cylinders F, and whose controlling
valve can be so arranged as to cause the pressure liquid to act simultaneously
upon the withdrawing pistons f, the press piston 6 and the intensifying plunger co
or c, so that the press plunger is held in its lowered position, while the trans-
mitting piston c or c¹ is moved backward, substantially as described.
3. In an intensifying hydraulic press such as is referred to in the first and
second claims, the use in lieu of the second intensifier G of a conduit J charged
with liquid under pressure, substantially as described.
4. In an intensifying hydraulic press such as is referred to in the preceding
claims, connecting the intensifier G or the conduit J with a storage reservoir K
for working fluid not under pressure, arranged and operating substantially as
described for economising space occupied by these devices.
5. In an intensifying hydraulic press such as is referred to in the first, second
and third claims, the use of valve gear H h by means of which the pressure fluid
supplied by the second intensifier G or the pressure conduit J is conveyed through
channels DR into the withdrawing cylinders F, the hand lever a² actuating
the valve h, being made at the same time to actuate the valve r of the second
intensifier G, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 3 to 7 of the
drawings.
6. In an intensifying hydraulic press such as is referred to in the preceding
claims, the use of a check valve o in the conduit P between the press cylinder B

page_text: and the valve chamber H for cutting off the high pressure from the valve chamber,
the said check valve being raised by the lever a when this is made to actuate
the valve h for raising the plunger band head M, substantially as described,
with reference to Fig. 6.
7. In an intensifying hydraulic press such as is referred to in the preceding
claims, the combination with the press head of a rod t with adjustable tappets u u¹
for acting on the valve lever a or a¹ so as to automatically reverse the action
at any desired point of the stroke, substantially as described.
Dated this 14th day of August 1899.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.