IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF CARBONIC OXIDE, HYDROGEN, AND CARBONATED HYDROGENS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, of the Firm of
Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF CARBONIC OXIDE,
HYDROGEN, AND CARBONATED HYDROGENS." A communication from
-A
abroad by the Company or Society "Cyprien Tessié du Motay and
Company," of Paris, France.
Scaled the 10th November 1868, and dated the 4th June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clinton Edgcumbe
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th June 1868.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
[Price 8d.]

page_text: APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF CARBONIC OXIDE, HYDROGEN,
AND CARBONATED HYDROGENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a combination of gasogeneous apparatus
capable without notable loss of caloric of transforming coal or other fuel
into, first, carbonated hydrogens; secondly, pure hydrogen mixed with
carbonic oxide or oxide of carbon; and, thirdly, carbonic oxide mixed
with azote. These products are collected separately, and are employed
for the production of high temperatures, or for the production without
smoke or fumes of high or mean temperatures; or for the production of
neutral or oxidizing flames for the metallurgical treatment of metals; or
for the carburation of iron; or for the reduction of metallic oxides; or
for the chemical displacement of sulphur, chlorine, fluorinc, and sulphuric
acid combined with alkaline, alkalino-terrous and metallic bodies.
The apparatus produces simultaneously and alternately carbonic oxide,
pure hydrogen, and carbonated hydrogens. It is composed of two main
parts, first, a distilling apparatus with retorts similar to those used in
making gas; secondly, two cupolas or furnaces for the transformation of
the coke produced in the retorts into carbonic oxide and hydrogen;
both these apparatus are well known.
The Invention consists in the general arrangement and combination,
as about to be described, and for the purpose herein explained. Flues
lead the carbonic oxide mixed with azote to a Bunsen burner for heating
the retorts. Channels or passages are formed in the lower part of the
cupolas, in which channels the air necessary for the combustion of this
carbonic oxide is heated to a high temperature. Flues lead this hot air
to the burner. Pipes carry off from the cupolas the hydrogen mixed
with carbonic oxide. The cupolas are provided with tuyeres for air and
tuyeres for superheated steam. There is a boiler for producing the steam
for the latter. The coke produced in the retorts of the distilling apparatus
is immediately it issues from them thrown into the cupolas; the coke
burns therein by the action of the draught produced by the air tuycres,
and is transformed into carbonic oxide. This gas is partly led to a
burner, which replaces the grating of the gas apparatus, and serves to
heat the retorts. When the coke is well ignited and the cupola has
reached a high temperature the access of air to the cupola is stopped, and
it is replaced by highly superheated steam. In contact with the carbon
the steam is transformed into a mixture of hydrogen and carbonic oxide,
which is collected in a receiver. As this operation quickly cools the

page_text: cupola it soon ceases; then I again introduce air to return the coke to
an ignited state, and to a high temperature to recommence again and so
on. Two cupolas are employed in order to have at least one of them
furnishing carbonic oxide to heat the retorts. Instead of two cupolas two
furnaces with grate bars may be employed.
furnishing carbonic oxide to heat the retorts. Instead of two cupolas two
furnaces with grate bars may be employed.
With either arrangement there is obtained,―
1st. Carbonic oxide mixed with azote resulting from the incomplete
combustion of the coke in the air, a part of this gas being used to heat
the retorts.
2ndly. Hydrogen mixed with carbonic oxide arising from the action of
the steam upon the heated coke; this second combustible matter is
capable of giving a temperature much greater than can be obtained with
carbonic oxide mixed with azote.
3rdly. Proto and bi-carbonated hydrogens resulting from the distil-
lation of the coal or other fuel capable of giving high temperatures while
producing reducing or carburetting actions if required.
To completely utilize the heat produced in these apparatus I employ,
first, the waste flames from the gas apparatus to produce the steam used
in the cupolas for producing the hydrogen, and, secondly, the specific
heat drawn by the gases which issue from the cupolas to heat the air
and the steam injected into the cupolas, this heating being effected by
superheating apparatus which are recuperative of caloric.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman in the Great Seal
filed
Patent Office on the 27th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLINTON
EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company,
of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, Her special
licence that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors,

page_text: com-
administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Clinton
Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therem expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR
PRODUCTION OF CARBONIC OXIDE, HYDROGEN, AND CARBONATED HYDROGENS,"
municated to me from abroad by the Company or Society "Cyprien Tessió
du Motay and Company," of Paris, France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in a combination of gasogeneous apparatus
capable without notable loss of caloric of transtorming coal or other
fuel into, first, carbonated hydrogens; secondly, pure hydrogen mixed
with carbonic oxide or oxide of carbon; and, thirdly, carbonic oxide mixed
with azote. These products are collected separately and are employed
for the production of high temperatures; or for the production without
smoke or fumes of high or mean temperatures; or for the production
of neutral or oxidizing flames for the metallurgical treatment of metals
or for the carburation of iron; or for the reduction of metallic oxides;
or for the chemical displacement of sulphur, chlorine, fluorine, and
sulphuric acid combined with alkaline, alkalino-terrous and metallic
bodies.
The apparatus produces simultaneously and alternately carbonic
oxide, pure hydrogen, and carbonated hydrogens. It is composed of
two main parts, first, a distilling apparatus with retorts similar to those
used in making gas; secondly, two cupolas or furnaces for the trans-

page_text: formation of the coke produced in the retorts into carbonic oxide and
hydrogen. Both these apparatus are well known.
The Invention consists in the general arrangement and combination
as about to be described and for the purposes herein explained.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a horizontal section, and
Figure 2 a sectional elevation of an arrangement consisting of two gas
apparatus and four cupolas or furnaces.
A, A, are the ovens or apparatus in which the distillation of the coal
is effected; B, B, B, B, are the cupolas or furnaces for the transformation
of the coke into carbonic oxide and hydrogen; C, C, are flues which
lead the carbonic oxide mixed with azote to a Bunsen burner for heating
the retorts of the ovens A; D, D, are channels or passages formed in
the lower part of the cupolas, in which channels the air necessary for
the combustion of this carbonic oxide is heated to a high temperature;
E, E, are flues leading this hot air to the burner; F, F, are pipes to
carry off the hydrogen mixed with carbonic oxide. The cupolas are
provided with tuyeres G, G, for air and tuyeres H, H, for superheated
steam; K is a boiler for producing the steam for the latter. I is a
burner for the combustion of the carbonic oxide heating the retorts.
The coke produced in the retorts of the distilling apparatus A is
immediately it issues from them thrown into the cupolas B, B; the
coke burns therein by the action of the draught produced by the
This gas is
tuyeres G, G, and is transformed into carbonic oxide.
partly led to a burner which replaces the grating of the gas apparatus
and serves to heat the retorts. When the coke is well ignited, and
the cupola has reached a high temperature, the access of air to the
In
cupola is stopped, and it is replaced by highly superheated steam.
contact with the carbon the steam is transformed into a mixture of
hydrogen and carbonic oxide, which is collected in a receiver. As this
operation quickly cools the cupola it soon ceases. Then I again intro-
duce air to return the coke to an ignited state and to a high temperature
to recommence again and so on. Two cupolas are employed in order
to have at least one of them furnishing carbonic oxide to heat the
retorts. Instead of two cupolas two furnaces with grate bars may be
employed, as represented in horizontal section in Figure 3 and in vertical
section in Figure 4. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts to those in Figures 1 and 2.

page_text: With either arrangement there is obtained,-
First. Carbonic oxide mixed with azote resulting from the incomplete
combustion of the coke in the air, a part of this gas being used to heat
the retorts.
Secondly. Hydrogen mixed with carbonic oxide arising from the
action of the steam upon the heated coke; this second combustible
matter is capable of giving a temperature much greater than can be
obtained with carbonic oxide mixed with azote.
Thirdly. Proto and bi-carbonated hydrogens resulting from the dis-
tillation of the coal or other fuel capable of giving high temperatures,
while producing reducing or carburetting actions if required.
To completely utilize the heat produced in these apparatus I employ,
first, the waste flames from the gas apparatus to produce the steam used
in the cupolas for producing the hydrogen; and, secondly, the specific
heat drawn by the gases which issue from the cupolas to heat the air
and the steam injected into the cupolas, this heating being effected by
superheating apparatus which are recuperative of caloric.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the
combination or arrangement of apparatus for the manufacture or pro-
duction simultaneously and alternately of carbonic oxide, pure hydrogen,
and carbonated hydrogens, substantially as herein-before described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
C. E. BROOMAN. (L.S.)