Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 19th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 19th Dec., 1888
.
I MAUNSEL CASWELL BANNISTER of No. 1. Wallasey Road Liscard in the county
of Chester Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The invention relates more particularly to pumps used in refrigerating and ice
making apparatus for transferring vapours and gases from one part of the apparatus
where there is a low pressure to another part of the apparatus where the pressure is
higher.
The object is to provide an efficient pump free from leakage not liable to get out of
order and readily repaired.
First. In order to minimize the quantity of compressed vapour or gas remaining in
the pump cylinder at the end of each stroke and to open the aspiration valves to their
full extent almost immediately the piston begins to move on its return stroke. I con-
struct the piston with rings which prevent the vapour or gas from passing between the
piston and the cylinder, and which also act as valves by opening & closing passages
through the piston for allowing the vapour or gas to pass from one side of the piston
to the other at the required times. This part of the invention is specially applicable
when the tension of the vapour or gas is low.
Second. To prevent leakage and to give a long stroke to the pistons which actuate
the vapours and gases without unduly increasing the length of stroke of the piston
to which power is applied and thereby to reduce the power required. I combine one
cylinder of large diameter with one or more cylinders of smaller diameter and couple
by means of a liquid with or without other agents a piston in the large diameter
cylinder to which power is applied, to pistons in small diameter cylinders for actuating
the vapours and gases:
Third. To obtain free action of the inlet and outlet valves and prevent leakage and
prevent knocking of valves against seats and stops I use cylindrical valves of any
usual or suitable construction one within the other and connect the spaces between
them to the liquid in the large diameter cylinder.

page_text: Fourth. I combine with pumps under my invention a chamber or chambers con-
taining baffle plates for separating from the vapours and gases oil or liquid taken up by
the said vapours or gases during compression.
Per pro J. T. KING,
James Johnson,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pumps for Gases and Vapours.
I MAUNSEL CASWELL BANNISTER of No. 1 Wallasey Road Liscard in the county
of Chester Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The invention relates more particularly to pumps used in refrigerating and ice
making apparatus for transferring vapours and gases from one part of the apparatus
where there is a low pressure to another part of the apparatus where the pressure is
higher.
The object is to provide an efficient pump free from leakage not liable to get out of
order and readily repaired.
First. In order to minimize the quantity of compressed vapour or gas remaining in
the pump cylinder at the end of each stroke and open the aspiration valves to their full
extent almost immediately the piston begins to move on its return stroke I construct
the piston with rings which prevent the vapour or gas from passing between the piston
and the cylinder, and which also act as valves by opening and closing passages through
the piston for allowing the vapour or gas to pass from one side of the piston to the
other at the required times. This part of the invention is specially applicable when
the tension of the vapour or gas is low.
Second. To prevent leakage and to give a long stroke to the pistons which actuate
the vapours and gases without unduly increasing the length of stroke of the piston
to which power is applied and thereby reduce the power required. I combine one
cylinder of large diameter with one or more cylinders of smaller diameter and couple
by means of a liquid with or without other agents a piston in the large diameter
cylinder to which power is applied to pistons in small diameter cylinders for actuating
the vapours and gases by means of a liquid.
Third. To obtain free action of the inlet and outlet valves and prevent leakage and

page_text: to prevent knocking of valves against seats and stops I use cylindrical valves of any
usual or suitable construction one within the other and connect the spaces between
them to the liquid in the large diameter cylinder.
Fourth. I combine with pumps under my invention a chamber or chambers con-
taining baffle plates for separating from the vapours and gases oil or liquid taken up
by the said vapours or gases during compression.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1 and 2 are sections of part of a pump and illustrate the improvenients set
forth under the first part of my invention. 1 cylinder walls, 2 main body of piston,
3 piston rod 4 apertures through the bottom of the piston; there are as many of these
apertures as are found necessary to provide the requisite area for the passage of gas or
vapour. 5 split ring seating against the main body of the piston at 6, 7 split ring
seating against the main body of the piston at 8, 9 stop secured to the ring 7 and
provided with apertures 10, 11 spring for pressing the rings 5 and 7 against the walls
of the cylinder. When the piston is moving in the direction of the arrow in fig. 1 the
rings 5, 7, are against their seats. When the piston is moving in the direction of the
arrow fig. 2 the said rings are away from their seats and there is a free way for gas or
vapour through the apertures 4, 10, and past the seats 6 and 8. It will be evident
that the rings 7 and 5 might be in one piece, and that studs might be used instead of
the ring stop 10, and that the construction to obtain the desired end might be modified
in many ways such as by carrying the aperture 10 through the body of the piston and
piston rod as used in fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a view part in section, and part in elevation of a pump under the second
part of my invention, 12 is a cylinder of large diameter, 13 are cylinders of small
diameter but longer than the cylinder 12, 14 piston and rod of the cylinder 12,
15 ways connecting the cylinder 12 with the cylinders 13, 16 water jackets of
the cylinders 13, 17 chamber connecting the cylinders 13, 18 hollow piston
rod connecting the pistons of the cylinders 18. The said piston rod has
apertures 18 which open into the chamber 17 and apertures 19 which open into
the interior of the pistons 20. The said pistons 20 are fitted with sliding rings
as described in connection with figs 1 and 2 which act as valves to allow of the
passage of gas and vapour through the hollow piston rod when the pistons are
moving away from the valve boxes 21. The valve boxes 21 are provided with
discharge valves of any usual or suitable kind. 22 outlet for gas and vapour,
23 inlet for gas and vapour. The cylinder 12, ways 15 and the ends of the
cylinders 13 in communication therewith are filled with oil or other suitable
liquid. It will be evident that as the piston 14 in 12 is moved to and fro the
pistons 20 in 13 will also move to and fro but will have a longer stroke than
the piston 14. If desired the piston rod 18 may he solid, the chamber
17 dispensed with, and the usual suction and delivery valves used at each end of
the cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a view part in section, and part in elevation of a pump illustrating the
second third and fourth parts of my invention, 12 cylinder of large diameter,
13 cylinders of smaller diameter opening at one end to the cylinder 12, 14 piston and
rod of the large diameter cylinder, 20 pistons of the small diameter cylinder,
20ª stops to limit the motion of the pistons, 23 annular delivery valves held by
springs 23 against springs 23 so as to close the discharge ports 24 23 collar against
which the springs act, 23 packing; 25 cylindrical suction valves caused to rest with
their delivery ports within the annular valves at 26 by springs 25ª & 25, 27 inlet
for gas and vapour, 28 passages leading from the liquid in the cylinder 12 to the
spaces 29 and apertures 30 in communication with the valves 23 and 25, 31 chambers
connected to the discharge ports or ways 24, 32 baffle plates, 33 gas and vapour outlets
34 drain cocks.
It will be evident that as the piston 14 is moved back and forth the pistons 20 will
also be moved by the agency of the liquid in 12 and that gas and vapour will be

page_text: caused to flow through the chambers 31 where any oil or liquid carried along by the
gases will be separated therefrom by the baffle plates and can from time to time be
removed through the drain cocks. As the pistons 20 move towards the large
cylinder 12 a partial vacuum will be formed beneath the valves 25 and the pressure of
the fluid at the back of the valves will cause them to move until the ports 26 are
uncovered. On the back stroke of the pistons 20 the valves 25 will return to their
normal position and the pressure between the pistons 20 and the valves 23 will cause
the said valves to move until the ports 24 are uncovered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
--
First. Constructing pump pistons with rings and passages substantially in the
manner and for the purpose setforth.
Second. The combination of a large cylinder with one or more small cylinders when
the pistons are connected and operate substantially in the manner and for the purpose
setforth.
Third. Constructing pumps with cylindrical valves one within the other and
connecting them to a liquid supply substantially in the manner and for the purpose
setforth.
Fourth. The combination of pumps under my invention with a chamber or
chambers and baffle plates substantially in the manner and for the purpose set-
forth.
000