IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING CANE JUICE AND OTHER JUICES AND LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Henry, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING CANE JUICE AND OTHER JUICES AND
LIQUIDS." A communication from abroad by George Brocklehurst, of
Trinidad, in the West Indies, Engineer.
Sealed the 21st May 1867, and dated the 1st January 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Henry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st January 1867.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING CANE JUICE AND OTHER
JUICES AND LIQUIDS," communicated to me from abroad by George Brocklehurst,.
of Trinidad, in the West Indies, Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention has mainly for object to secure economy of fuel and labour,.
and to obtain increased evaporating surface and power with reduction of
masonry and coppers.
The apparatus or "wall" consists of one, two, or more pans with or without
one, two, or more striking teaches supported on columns combined with.

page_text: masonry or brickwork. Each pan and each teache has one, two, or more
moveable or removeable tubes passing through it (each tube may be riveted
or screwed with nut inside, and riveted outside or screwed with nut with or
without glands inside or outside, or secured by glands packed and bolted, or
tapped and screwed, or riveted, or secured in some other similar manner).
The pans and teaches are connected together by a pipe or pipes with or without
expansion joints, and having cocks, valves, or sluices attached for charging up
the liquids, or a pump may be used for the purpose. Attached to the branch
pipes connecting the pans or teaches, and on the bottom, are other pipes
leading outside of the wall for discharging liquids out of the pans or teaches,
or such pipe or pipes may be attached to the bottom or other part of the pans
or teaches instead of to branch or connecting pipes; they have on each end
outside of the wall a cock, valve, or sluice to avoid burning out the pipes.
Attached to or placed within each pan or teache is an agitator for assisting
ebullition and preventing contents of pans or teaches from burning, charring,
or overheating, such agitators may be worked by hand or machinery.
Between or in the centre of each column, and forming part thereof, are
cleaning doors for getting access to the tube or tubes in the pans or teaches,
and for removing soot and otherwise cleansing. When the columns are in
their places a brick or stone wall is run up fore and aft, enclosing or partially
enclosing the columns, but leaving space out for cleaning doors; the pans and
teaches are then lowered into their respective places, and as they require no
brick or stone work they can be hoisted out by snugs or like appliances attached
to them, and replaced with ease; and should it be desirable to reverse the
pans or teaches the skimming gutter must be taken off and bolted on the
other side, or a similar one is attached to the other side.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Michael Henry in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st July 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHAEL
HENRY, of 68, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Michael Henry, Her special licence that I, the said Michael Henry, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Michael
Henry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR EVAPORATING AND CONCENTRATING CANE JUICE AND OTHER JUICES AND
LIQUIDS," communicated to me from abroad by George Brocklehurst, of
Trinidad, in the West Indies, Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Michael Henry, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael Henry, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof as communicated to me, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say-
"
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for evaporating and concen-
trating cane juice, beet juice, and other juices and liquids, and it has for its
object certain new and useful improvements in relating to and connected with
the apparatus for such purposes, commonly called a "wall" or
copper wall"
(or arrangement of pans or vessels with their appurtenances or appendages).
The improved "wall" constructed according to this Invention consists of
one, two, or more pans with or without one, two, or more striking "teaches,"
all supported on columns of iron or other metal combined with masonry.
Each pan and each teache has one, two, or more removeable tubes fitted in
and passing through it, that is to say, these tubes are so attached that they
may be readily removed from and replaced in the pans or teaches, as required.
For this purpose in order to carry this object into effect the tubes may be
attached or fitted in place each one, for example, being riveted or screwed
with nut inside and riveted outside, or screwed with nut with or without
glands attached inside or outside, or secured by glands packed and bolted in

page_text: the ordinary way, or tapped, or tapped and screwed, or riveted. I do not
restrict myself to these modes of carrying out this part of the Invention, but
I recommend them as best adapted for effecting the aforesaid object desired
of rendering the tubes readily detachable and attachable from and to the
pans or teaches.
The pans, as also the teaches, when teaches are used, are connected together
by a pipe or pipes with or without expansion joints. These connecting or
branch pipes (as they may be called) are fitted with cocks, valves, or sluices
for the purpose of charging up the liquids; or for this purpose a pump may be
substituted. Attached to these said connecting pipes or branch pipes, which
thus connect the pans (or the pans and teaches), and on the bottom or on the
sides are other pipes which lead outside the wall, and are for the purpose of
discharging the liquids from the pans or teaches; such discharge pipe or pipes
may be attached to and lead from the bottom or sides of the pans or teaches
instead of being attached to and leading from the branch or connecting pipes.
Each of these said discharge pipes, whether leading from the branch or con-
necting pipes or from the bottoms or sides of the pans or teaches, have on
each end or at a part or parts of each such discharge pipe beyond or outside
the wall a cock, valve, or sluice; the object of placing this cock, valve, or
sluice on a part of the pipe outside the wall is to prevent the burning out of
the pipes. Each pan, and also each teache, when teaches are used, is fitted
with an agitator, which works in it for the purpose of assisting ebullition and
preventing the contents of the pan or teache from being burnt, charred, or
overheated; the agitators are actuated by hand or by machinery and by steam
or other power.
In or between the columns, or in the centre of each column
and forming a part thereof, are doors or a door, by opening which access may
be obtained through the columns to the tube or tubes in the pans or teaches,
and by means of these doors also the soot may be removed and the interior of
the apparatus otherwise cleansed. Economy of fuel and labour, and increased
evaporating surface and power, are obtained by the employment of the agi-
tators and the arrangement of the internal tubes, also less masonry is required
on account of the use of the metal supporting columns, and fewer coppers
are required. When the columns are in their places a brick or stone wall is
run up fore and aft enclosing or partially enclosing the columns, but leaving
sufficient space for the cleaning doors in the columns, so that such doors may
be opened and closed; the pans (and the teaches, when teaches are used,)
are then lowered into their respective places. The advantage of this arrange-
ment is that the pans and teaches require no brick or stone work to support

page_text: them, and they can be boisted up and readily replaced by means of snugs or
lugs attached to them; and if it should be desirable at any time to reverse the
pans and teaches the skimming gutter must be taken off from the one side
and bolted on at the other side, or a similar skimming gutter must be
attached to the other side.
Having set forth the nature of the Invention I proceed to describe the
accompanying Drawings, which exemplify more particularly the mode in
which the improvements are carried into practical effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 a front elevation, and Figure 3 a
plan of an apparatus or "wall" with its columns, pans, tubes, pipes, agitators,
and other parts arranged and constructed according to these improvements.
Description of Figure 1.-In Figure 1, C1, C2, C3, C, are columns made
of iron or other metal, and having in their centre doors d', d³, d³, d*, which
open and close hollow spaces in the centre of the columns through which
access can be had to the tubes in the pans or the teaches, and through which
also the interior of the apparatus may be cleansed of soot or other impurities.
These columns support the pans P1, P2, P3, which are made of cast iron,
wrought iron, copper, or any of the metals or materials usually employed in
the construction of pans for evaporating and concentrating. Removeable
tubes, shown at y, y, Figures 2 and 8, pass through these pans, as herein-after
described. p, p³, are discharge pipes leading from the skimming gutters to
carry off the skimmings; a, a, a, are agitators, which are worked in the
pans for the purpose of assisting ebullition; they are actuated either by hand
or machinery; p is a discharge pipe for running off the liquor when boiled
to a proper consistency for granulating into sugar. This pipe may if preferred
be attached to the sides of the pan instead of to the bottom. The pans are
connected together by pipes furnished with cocks or valves opened and closed
by handles or rods h*, h*, so as to open and close communication between
the pans.
Description of Figure 2.-In Figure 2 P¹ is one of the pans, as described
in Figure 1. y, y, y, are removeable tubes fitted in and passing through these
pans, such tubes being readily attachable and detachable, and for such purpose
they are connected with the pans by screws, nuts, rivets, or other means, as
above set forth; F1, F2, are foundations on which the columns C1, C2, rest;
C', Cs, are the columns for supporting the pans, as in Figure 1; a³, a³, a³,
a, a, a, agitators working in the pans, and actuated by steam or other power,

page_text: or by a handle e; B1, B2, fire-brick wall or lining running fore and aft;
g, skimming gutter; p, discharge pipe from skimming gutter; p*, p³, p', dis-
charge pipes furnished with valves c¹, c², c³. These discharge pipes may be
attached to and lead from the sides instead of the bottoms of the pans, as
represented dotted lines, but this would necessitate a slight alteration in
the shape of the bottom of the pans to allow of all the liquor running out
freely.
Description of Figure 3.-In Figure 3, P1, P2, P³, are the pans; a¹, a³, a³,
agitators, and y, y, the tubes therein, all as described in reference to the same
parts in Figures 1 and 2; this Figure being a plan, of course only the top rows
of tubes are shown; e', el, e, handles of the agitators; h, h, h, snugs for
hoisting out the pans; p', p², charging up pipes connecting the pans together,
and furnished with cocks or valves q', 92, for charging up the liquors ;
p, p, p, discharge pipes. The pipes p, p, are connected with the
pipes p', p. The pipes p, p, p', are furnished with discharge cocks, valves,
or sluices c', c³, c; 9', g, skimming gutters.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First, the employment of tubes in pans and teaches used for concentrating
and evaporating juices and liquids, such tubes passing through the pans or
teaches and being attached thereto, so that they may be readily removed and
replaced, substantially as described.
Second, the employment of pipes connecting the pans, or connecting the
pans and teaches, such pipes being provided with cocks, valves, or sluices for
charging up the liquors, as described.
Third, the use of a pump for charging up the liquors, as described.
Fourth, the employment of cocks, valves, or sluices in the discharge pipes
placed at parts of such pipes outside the wall, for the purpose of preventing
the pipes from being burnt out, as described.
Fifth, the use of discharge pipes attached to the sides of the pans and
teaches, substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
Sixth, the employment of agitators working in the pans and teaches to
assist ebullition therein and prevent the contents thereof from becoming burnt,
charred, or overheated.
Seventh, the employment of metal columns for supporting pans and teaches,
substantially as described.
Eighth, the use of doors in the columns for obtaining access to the tubes in
the pans or teaches and for cleansing purposes, as described.

page_text: Ninth, the general arrangement and combination of evaporating and
concentrating apparatus, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Henry, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-seven.
Witness,
ERNEST DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street,
London, E.C.
M. HENRY. (L.S.)