IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APARTMENTS WHERE GAS AND WATER ARE USED
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Craigic, of Edinburgh, W.S. for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APARTMENTS WHERE GAS AND WATER ARE
USED."
Sealed the 26th September 1856, and dated the 5th April 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Craigie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1856.
I, HENRY CRAIGIE, of Edinburgh, W.S. do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APARTMENTS WHERE GAS AND WATER
ARE USED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for heating
apartments where gas and water are used, and the Invention consists of a
peculiar construction of apparatus for heating water by the heat obtained from
gas burners. For this purpose the apparatus is preferred to be of a cylindrical
form, but other forms may be employed; and the apparatus is constructed of
cylinders, one or more within another, having a water space or spaces between
them. The inner cylinder or cylinders form what may be considered a chimney
surrounded on all sides with water; at the lower part of which chimney is
placed a gas burner or burners with ring flames, so that the air may pass
internally as well as externally of the flame of each burner employed; fire-
brick or other suitable material may be inserted within the body of the space

page_text: occupied by the flame, and to a considerable distance upwards. Within the
inner cylinders are fixed tubes which admit of water flowing through them
from one side of the chimney to the other as they become highly heated by the
heated air and products rising from the gas burner or burners. The water is
constantly supplied to the interior water space from a cistern above, when so
required. The water thus heated is caused to circulate in a system or systems
of pipes; the hot water for this purpose passes from the upper part of the
heating apparatus by a pipe or pipes, and the cooled water returns by a pipe
or pipes to the lower part of the heating apparatus, and the heated water may
be drawn off from any part of the apparatus for other uses.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Craigie, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
October 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CRAIGIE, of Edinburgh, W.S. send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Craigie, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Craigie, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Craigie,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APART-
MENTS WHERE GAS AND WATER ARE USED," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Craigie, my executors or administrators, by an in-
strument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and, ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Craigie, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for heating
apartments where gas and water are used, and the Invention consists of a
5 peculiar construction of apparatus for heating water by the heat obtained from
gas burners. For this purpose the apparatus is preferred to be of a cylindrical
form, but other forms may be employed. The apparatus is constructed of
cylinders or vessels of other forms, one or more within another, having a water
space or water spaces between them. The inner cylinder, cylinders, or other
vessels form what may be considered as a chimney or chimneys, surrounded
on all sides by water, and the number and sizes of these chimneys are to be
arranged according to circumstances. At the lower part of each chimney is
placed a gas burner or burners with ring or other flames, so that the air may
pass internally as well as externally of each ring flame employed. Fire-brick
or other suitable material may be inserted within the space occupied by the
flame, and to a considerable distance upwards, but the use of this fire-brick or
other substance is not essential to this method of heating by means of gas.
Within the inner cylinders or chimneys are fixed tubes which admit of water
flowing through them from one side of the chimney to the other as they
become highly heated by the air and products rising from the gas burner or
burners. These burners are preferred to consist of a circular or ring burner,
in the centre of which may be placed one of those burners known by the name
of the Bunsen lamp; in this Bunsen lamp the gas is partially mixed with air
before being ignited, and it is used for the purpose of concentrating the heat,
preventing smoke, economising the gas, and also that the flame from the one
may ignite the gas from the other burner when the flame has been accidently
extinguished. When the Bunsen lamp is conjoined with the ring burner it
is preferred to have the holes in the ring burner about the thirtieth of an inch
in diameter, and one-quarter of an inch apart. The water may be constantly
supplied to the interior water space from a cistern placed above, or from any
other source, when required. The water when heated is caused to circulate in
a system or systems of pipes; the hot water for this purpose passes from the
upper part of the heating apparatus by a pipe or pipes, and the cooled water
returns by a pipe or pipes to the lower part of the heating apparatus; and the
heated water may be drawn off from any part of the apparatus for other uses,
its place being in that case supplied by water from the cistern or other source
already mentioned.
In the accompanying Drawing A, A, A, A, represents the water vessel; and
B, B, B, B, one of the interior chimneys crossed by the tubos
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page_text: space between A and B is filled with water, as also are the tubes C; D, D, is
the ring burner, and E the Bunsen lamp supplied with gas from the pipe F, F;
G.is a ball of fire-brick or other suitable material to receive and modify the
heat of the ring burner and Bunsen lamp, and to aid in combustion, and it is
supported on a frame H, H, capable of being adjusted to any required height
so as to regulate the admission of air; if this ball be not used, the lowest of
the cross tubes C.may be expanded into a globular form at the middle in
order to receive the heat of the burners. I, I, is au exit or flow pipe from
which the water passes to the system of pipes placed in the apartment to be
heated; and K is the return pipe through which the cooled water returns in
order to be again heated. The said Drawing exemplifies the manner in which
my improvement may be carried out.
This improvement I hereby declare to consist in the use of an interior
chimney resembling a close fire place, and offering extensive heating surface
all round, and in the use of cross tubes for the purpose of augmenting the
extent of surface exposed to the action of the heated products of combustion.
Although this apparatus and chimney be shown in the Drawing as upright,
I reserve power to give the said apparatus and chimney any other form or
position, provided always that the said chimney pass through the body of water
to be heated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Craigie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six years.
JA. ROLLAND, of the City of Edinburgh,
Writer to the Signet,
Witness.
HENRY CRAIGIE. (L.S.)