Improvements in Burners and Mantles for Incandescence Gas Lighting.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Jan., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Burners and Mantles for Incandescence Gas
Lighting.
We, ANDREW TAYLOR, Master Mariner, and WILLIAM SOMMERVILLE
TAYLOR, Engineer, both of 261 Dumbarton Road, in the City of Glasgow,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention which relates to incandescence gas lighting has for its objects
(1) the production of mantles of greater durability and at much less cost than those
at present in use, and (2) to provide a burner of the "Bunsen " type arranged to
supply gas and air for heating the mantle to incandescence and adapted to be used
as an ordinary gas jet in the event of the mantle being injured or removed.
The improved mantle is made from a knitted, woven or other meshed or open
fabric of cotton, linen or other fibre shaped to the usual conical or tapered tubular
form or made of hollow globular or other shape, the fabric being treated by
immersion in or coating with certain salts, or reagents containing bromine,
chromium, uranium and calcium or any of them and serving as a support therefor,
the fabric being consumed by burning in the usual way whilst the salt or earth
remains and becomes incandescent by the combustion of the within the
mantle.
gas
Under one modification the mantle fabric is dipped in a weak solution of hydro-
bromic acid, 40 per cent.; ammonium bichromate, 40 per cent., uranium acetate
10 per cent., and potash alum 10 per cent. Thereafter, it is immersed in a strong
solution of calcium carbonate or of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate in
the proportion of about 60 per cent. of the former salt to 40 per cent. of the latter.
The top and bottom parts of the mantle may be further treated by immersion in or
coating with manganous oxide and manganic hydrate in admixture. After drying
the mantle may be rendered flexible and preserved against breakage by immersion
in or coating with any suitable. medium as ordinarily practised.
After burning off the preserving medium and with it the vegetable or other fibre
remaining in the mantle the residue upon which the burning gas acts to raise it to
incandescence is largely composed of lime and other inexpensive ingredients adapted
to yield an extremely brilliant light in the high temperature of the "Bunsen "
flame. Phosphoric acid, acetic acid or ammonium chloride may be substituted for
the hydrobromine acid.
The mantle so formed may be used in substitution for the ordinary type of
mantles with existing "Bunsen" burners, but under our invention we employ by
preference a special burner having the usual gas and air mixing chamber with
perforated top for the passage of the mixed gas and air, to produce a non-luminous
flame of high temperature, the mixing chamber being attached to the end of a gas
supply pipe formed with orifices for the admission of air but fitted with a gas tight
sleeve for cutting off the air supply when desired. Through: the top of the mixing
chamber is screwed a tube, which serves as the means for supporting the mantle
over the "Bunsen " Hame, and in which is fitted a jet burner covered by a cap.
The lower end of the jet burner tube is screw threaded and is adapted to fit a
corresponding screw thread in or on the gas supply pipe entering the mixing
chamber. When the mantle is in use with the Bunsen" flame, the jet burner
tube is screwed up out of the gas supply pipe so that gas and air freely enter the
mixing chamber; but in the event of the mantle being damaged or removed this
66

page_text: tube is screwed down to fit in or on the gas supply pipe, the air inlet orifices in the
gas supply pipe are closed by the sleeve and the gas then passes without admixture
with air through the jet burner where it produces an ordinary luminous flame.
Dated this. 22nd day of January 1895.
Improvements in Burners and Mantles for Incandescence Gas
Lighting.
4
We, ANDREW TAYLOR, Master Mariner, and WILLIAM SOMMERVILLE
TAYLOR, Engineer, both of 261 Dumbarton. Road, in the City of Glasgow, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention which relates to incandescence gas lighting has for its objects
(1) the production of mantles of greater durability and at much less cost than those
at present in use, and (2) to provide a burner of the "Bunsen "type arranged to
supply gas and air for heating the mantle to incandescence and adapted to be used
as an ordinary gas jet in the event of the mantle being injured or removed.
The improved mantle is made from a knitted, woven or other meshed or open
fabric of cotton, linen or other fibre shaped to the usual conical or tapered tubular
form or made of hollow globular or other shape, the fabric being treated by
immersion in or coating with certain salts or reagents containing bromine,
chromium, uranium and calcium or any of them and serving as a support therefor,
the fabric being consumed by burning in the usual way whilst the salt or earth
remains and becomes incandescent by the combustion of the gas within the
mantle.
Under one modification the mantle fabric is dipped in a weak solution of hydro-
bromic acid, 40 per cent.; ammonium bichromate, 40 per cent., uranium acetate
10 per cent., and potash alum 10 per cent. Thereafter it is immersed in a strong
Solution of calcium carbonate or of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate in
the proportion of about 60 per cent. of the former salt to 40 per cent. of the latter.
The top and bottom parts of the mantle may be further treated by immersion in or
coating with manganous oxide and manganic hydrate in admixture. After drying
the mantle may be rendered flexible and preserved against breakage by immersion
in or coating with any suitable medium as ordinarily practised.
After burning off the preserving medium and with it the vegetable or other fibre
remaining in the mantle the residue upon which the burning gas acts to raise it to
incandescence is largely composed of lime and other inexpensive ingredients adapted
to yield an extremely brilliant light in the high temperature of the "Bunsen
flame. Phosphoric acid, acetic acid or ammonium chloride may be substituted for
the hydrobromine acid.
"
The mantle so formed may be used in substitution for the ordinary type of
mantles with existing "Bunsen" burners, but under our invention we employ by
preference a special burner of the form illustrated by the accompanying drawing
having the usual gas and air mixing chamber A with perforated top B for the
passage of the mixed gas and air, to produce a non-luminous flame of high
temperature, the mixing chamber being attached to the end of a gas supply pipe C
formed with orifices for the admission of air but fitted with a gas tight sleeve D
for cutting off the air supply when desired. Through the top of the mixing

page_text: chamber A is screwed a tube E, which serves as the means for supporting the
mantle F over the "Bunsen" flame, and in which is fitted a jet burner e covered
by a cap e. The lower end of the jet burner tube E is screw threaded at e² and is
adapted to fit a corresponding screw thread in or on the gas supply pipe C entering
the mixing chamber A, or as shewn this screw thread a may be formed in the lower
end of the mixing chamber. When the mantle F is in use with the "Bunsen "
flame, the jet burner tube is screwed up out of the gas supply pipe so that gas and
air freely enter the mixing chamber; but in the event of the mantle being damaged
or removed this tube is screwed down to fit in or on the gas supply pipe E, the
air inlet orifices in the gas supply pipe are closed by the sleeve and the gas then
passes without admixture with air through the jet burner e where it produces an
ordinary luminous flame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The improved mantle for incandescence gas lighting prepared or treated
substantially as herein before described.
2. The improved burner constructed substantially as described and adapted to
be used in conjunction with a mantle for incandescence gas lighting or as an
ordinary jet.
00
1
J
Ou1005
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agent,
62 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.