Improvements in Bearings..
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 27th Sept., 1897-Accepted, 20th Nov., 1897
Improvements in Bearings..
I, HENKI WYSS of 48 Rue Deguingaud Levallois-Perret (Seine) in the Republic
of France, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of bearings for rotat
ing shafts or the like and has for its object to provide bearings in which friction
will be reduced to a minimum which are cheaply constructed and which may be
readily adapted from any of the bearings now in use.
According to my Invention I form the bearing surface on which the rotating
part turns of cylindrical rollers or sets of rollers which I will refer to as contact
rollers which may be formed with necks or recesses into which take annular ribs
or projecting parts formed in the bearings or brasses and if required on the rotat-
ing shafts or the like so as to retain the said rollers in their proper positions and
keep them from moving longitudinally and keep the ends of the rollers from
contact with the ends of the bearings. In combination with the aforesaid rollers
I employ small intermediate or spacing rollers for keeping the contact rollers at
their proper distances apart.
The bearing block proper and the cap are formed with interlocking parts or
joints so that the upper and lower parts may be readily fitted together and when
in this position present no continuous joint
Three kinds of contact rollers and two kinds of intermeuiate spacing rollers are
preferably employed in this Invention according to the work for which they are
intended.
1. Cylindrical contact rollers with necks or recesses.
2. Cylindrical contact rollers with end pivots or centres, and
3. Cylindrical contact rollers with necks or recesses combined with pivots or
centres.
The intermediate rollers may consist of (1.) Small cylindrical rollers or (2)
Small cylindrical rollers provided with chamfered heads." For ring and thrust
learings the contact rollers and intermediate spacing rollers employed are made
conical and preferably with pins or pivots at their ends.
The bearing proper
which may be made with or without a brass or brasses is provided with a ring
at each end of the bearing which may be made in two pieces to facilitate its in-
sertion and removal from the bearing, the said rings are made with ribs or flanges
which are let into the ends of the casting or boring, so as to form therewith
recesses for receiving the pius or pivots of the contact rollers and for retaining the
intermediate or spacing rollers in their proper position. On the interior of the
Leaning are ribs or guides varying in number according to the number of contact.
rollers placed longitudinally in the bearing which take into recesses or necks
formed in the said rollers and so prevent their longitudinal movement.
rings constituting the internal ribs or guides may be let into annular grooves
The

page_text: cut out of the bearing by a lathe or they may be formed in any other convenient
manner. The cap and base of the bearing are constructed as aforesaid the cap
fitting into the base so as to present a true bore without joint in which the rollers
already described cau freely turn in a true circle.
For the bearings of railway carriages I preferably employ two sets of contact
rollers placed end to end with necks or recesses and with corresponding sets of
small spacing rollers with chamfered heads which engage between the contiguous
ends of the contact rollers the guide ribs being formed on the axles or journals to
engage in the recesses or necks of the contact rollers instead of or in combination
with those formed on the bearings or rings.
In another arrangement of bearings according to this Invention I provide a ring
preferably made in two pieces with double guides in the centre of the bearing for
taking the inner ends or pivots of the contact rollers situated on each side of
the centre and formed with ribs for one set of the recesses in the said rollers,
outer flanged rings being provided at each end of the bearing forming annular
recesses, to receive the pivots on the outer ends of the rollers, the outer necks or
recesses in the said rollers engaging with ribs formed in the boring, the inter-
mediate or spacing rollers being arranged as aforesaid. When my Invention is
applied to thrust bearings, the conical contact rollers and the conical spacing
rollers are arranged radially, removable plugs or the like being provided for
readily enabling the rollers to be placed in position.
Where, an extended bearing surface is required I may employ three or more
sets of contact rollers with spacing rollers arranged longitudinally end to end' with
ribs arranged as aforesaid and flanged rings interposed between each set of rollers
and when required they may be combined with thrust bearings fitted with conical
rollers, and provided with leather caps or washers adapted to be readily applied
to the shaft or the like to prevent the entrance of dust, the said washer being
kept in position by a covering retained by screws.
My Invention is applicable to the bearings, of shafts, journals, spindles, crank
pins, trunnions, or the like and secures great economy in working, in saving of
bricant and in facilitating the attainment of high speeds without heating.
Dated this 31st day of December 1896.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields; London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Bearings.
I, HENRI WYSS of 42 Deguingaud Levallois-Perret (Seiue) in the Republic
of France, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of bearings for rotat-
ing shafts or the like and has for its object to provide bearings in which friction
will be reduced to a minimum which are cheaply constructed and which may bo
readily adapted to any bearings now in use.
In the arrangements hitherto devised for preventing slipping or friction between
the shaft and its bearings, ball bearings roller bearings or the like have been
employed but in all these cases the friction or slipping still exists between the
adjacent or contiguous balls or rollers or the like instead of between the shaft
and its bearings. This is shewn diagrammatically in section in Figure 1 of the

page_text: accompanying drawings in which A is the shaft B is the bearing and C are the
interposed bodies whether balls ovals rollers or the like.
At the points a b c and d there is the proper rolling motion between the balls
or the like on the one part and the shaft and bearing on the other part but at
the point m where the two bodies C touch each other there must be friction.
Figure 2 shews in section diagrammatically one of the principal features of my
Invention which has for its object to remove this friction or slipping action
between the aforesaid bodies C. According to my Invention I interpose between
the bodies C'intermediate bodies D which when the shaft is. in motion will turn
in the same direction as the said shaft but in a contrary direction to the bodies C,
thus removing all friction between the surfaces.
I will further describe my Invention with reference to the accompanying draw-
ings which illustrate several arrangements for carrying the same into effect the
same Figures of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures, but
my Invention is not limited to the examples shewn.
In the first arrangement illustrated by Figures 3 to 6, Figures 3 and 4 shew
in end view and longitudinal elevation respectively an ordinary plummer block
bearing with the cap removed constructed according to my Invention. Figure 5
is a part cross section of the bearing drawn to a larger scale and Figure 6 a detail
view of the intermediate and spacing rollers. The brasses are in this arrangement
dispensed with the bearing being a casting separated from the sliaft by contact
rollers 1 preferably of steel which in their turn are kept apart from each other
by intermediate rollers 2 of smaller diameter. The contact rollers 1 are cylinders
with flat ends and they are provided with grooves 3 which are preferably rect-
angular as shewn in elevation in Figure 6. The intermediate. rollers 2 are like-
wise cylindrical in form but have no grooves.
To keep the axes of the contact rollers 1 parallel to that of the shaft and to
prevent longitudinal displacement of the said rollers projecting ribs or guides 4
ure formed in the bearing corresponding to the outer grooves 3 in the contact
rollers I, so that the ribs 4 fit into the said grooves.3 in the rollers and so prevent
them moving obliquely to the shaft. In this arrangement the intermediate
rollers 2 preferably have a diameter somewhat exceeding the depth of the grooves
formed on the rollers of contact. The intermediate rollers 2 bear in part on the
ribs 4 and in part, to prevent their falling on to the shaft, on rings 5 made
preferably of steel. The said rings are made in two parts to enable the cap of
the bearing to be readily raised and they take into the lateral grooves 3 of the
contact rollers 1 but they do not touch either the shaft or the core of the said
contact rollers 1 (Figure 5). To prevent any displacement parallel to the shaft of
the intermediate rollers 2 I secure at or about the centre of each of the said rollers
ang 6 which takes into a central groove 3 form: d in the contact rollers 1,
(Figure 6).
The rollers are thus arranged to fit compactly together and the shaft cam be
withdrawn from its bearing without displacing any of them. There is no friction
between any two surfaces parallel to the shaft, the sole friction being on the cheeks
of the grooves which however are at right angles to the axis of the shaft and
therefore have no weight to support so that no injurious wearing can result
therefrom. The rings 5 are subject to no strain as the intermediate rollers 2 are
placed in equilibrium by the rotary movement of the contact rollers 1.
In
According to my Invention I also modify the join between the base of the
bearing or bearing block proper and its cap, as the ordinary straight join would
be quickly deteriorated, by the continual impact of the contact rollers 1..
order therefore to provide the smooth and continuous internal surface required for
the bearing I form the said bearing block and its cap with projecting interlock-
ing parts joints or teeth 13, 14 so that the two parts fit into each other instead of
the one being simply placed on the other as hitherto. To facilitate the erection
of the bearing the base of the projecting parts or teeth on the bearing preferably
starts on a diametric plane passing through the horizontal axis of the shaft.

page_text: The arrangement described may be modified by lengthening the intermediate
rollers 2 so that their ends bear on flanges formed in the bearing at each side.
In this case the said rollers do not need to bear on the ribs 4.
Figures 7 to 11 shew the bearings of a railway carriage or the like according
to my Invention. Figures 7 and 8 are longitudinal and cross sections respec-
tively of the bearing. Figure 9 shews the rollers in elevation and Figures 10
and 11 the bearing in side and end elevation respectively. Owing to the length
of the bearing which increases with the weight to be carried I prefer to employ
two or more sets of contact rollers 1 (2 sets being shewn in the drawing) placed
end to end with corresponding sets of small spacing or intermediate rollers 2
and in place of the rings 6 described in my first arrangement I chamfer the inner
ends of the contact and spacing rollers adjusting them aelatively to each other.as
shewn at 8 in Figure 9. The contact rollers are rounded off at their outer ends
se as to fit into the neck or clearance of the shaft. The bearing is formed in two
parts fitting together as in the preceding example, and is provided with ribs 4
and rings 5 which support the intermediate rollers 2.
Figures 12, 13 and 14 shew another modification according to my Invention.
Figures 12 and 13 being sections at right angles to each other and Figure 14
an enlarged view of a part of Figure 13.
In this arrangement I provide a central rib 4, and intermediate rollers 2 of
very small diameter compared with the contact rollers, the rollers 2 being mounted
at each end in a recess between the shaft and a flange formed in the bearing.
The rings 5 keep the contact rollers 1 in position bearing against the recessed
parts or grooves 3 of the rollers as shewn in the drawing.
Figures 15 to 19 shew a thrust bearing constructed in accordance with my
Invention. Figure 15 is a longitudinal section of the bearing. Figures 16
and 17 shew details of contact and spacing conical rollers used in this arrange-
ment. Figure 18 is a part of the bearing in section drawn to a larger scale and
Figure 19 is a plan view shewing the cones arranged in position radially to the
shaft. The thrust bearing is carried on conical rollers 7, Figures 15 & 16, pro-
vided with axial pins or pivots as shown. The said conical rollers 7 are separated
from each other by intermediate or spacing conical rollers 8 of smaller diameter
and also provided with axial pins or pivots. The axes of both sets of rollers
are arranged radially round the shaft in the plane of the collar, Figures 15 and 19,
so that the surfaces of the conical contact rollers receive the thrust of the shaft
which they transmit to the bearing 9. A ring 10 prevents dust or the like enter-
ing between the shaft and its bearing. The ends of the contact rollers 1 and
spacing rollers 2 are also provided with pins or pivots. To place the various
rollers in position the cylindrical rollers are first inserted and then the ring 11,
next the conical rollers are placed in position and all are held firmly together by
means of the ring 12. The pivots should be allowed sufficient play in their
bearings to ensure their having no weight to support and in like manner to avoid
friction the conical rollers should have no contact at their 'bases.
The bearing shewn in Figure 15 is made in one piece preventing the insertion
of rings for supporting the rollers such as those already described in the previous
arrangements. In place thereof I use rings 13 Figure 15 into which take the
pins or pivots of the rollers. When the shaft is in position in its bearing the
pivots do not bear on the rings but when the shaft is withdrawn the said rings
retain the rollors in position.
My Invention is applicable to the bearings of shafts journals spindles crank
pins trunnions and the like and secures great economy in working in the saving
of lubricant and in facilitating the attainment of high speeds without heating.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The improvements in bearings consisting in the arrangement of intermediate

page_text: rolling bodies whether cylinders cones or the like between corresponding rolling.
bodies of contact substantially as described.
2. In bearings providing the base block and its cap with projecting interlocking
parts joints or teeth so that the two parts of bearing fit into each other giving a
smooth surface internally without a continuous break substantially as described:
3. The several improved arrangements of bearings constructed substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 3; 4, 5 and 6, Figures 7,-8, 9, 10
and 11, Figures 12, 13 and 14, and in Figures 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 of the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 27th day of September 1897.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.