Improvements in and relating to Pumps and Syringes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 12th May, 1889-Accepted, 22nd June, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pumps and Syringes.
I, FRANK WILLIAM ALLCHIN, of 7 Western Terrace, Northampton in the County of
Northampton, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
According to one part of this invention, a pump barrel is fixed to the underside of
a reservoir which is kept supplied with a liquid which it is desired to force out through
the delivery pipe of the pump. The pump barrel is open at its top to the reservoir so
that the liquid can at all times run freely into the barrel. The delivery pipe is carried
out at or near the bottom of the barrel. The pump bucket has an opening formed
therethrough, and is connected on each side of such opening with the lower ends of a
forked pump rod which passes up through the reservoir and is operated from above by
hand or otherwise. A wood or india-rubber ball valve is carried within a guard or
cage on the underside of the bucket to beat up against a seating, formed around the
opening through the bucket. During the upward stroke of the bucket the liquid
which has previously flowed from the reservoir into the barrel flows through the
opening in the bucket to the underside of the bucket, the valve itself readily yielding
back from its seat to admit thereof. On the downward or forcing stroke of the bucket
the valve is firmly seated, owing to the pressure of the liquid within the barrel, and
the liquid is consequently forced out through the delivery pipe. This apparatus is, as
will be seen, of a very simple character, and is capable of employment for a variety of
purposes, either, for instance, as for raising or forcing liquids, or for garden watering,
or extinguishing fires. The valve is not necessarily of wood or of india-rabber, nor
even of a spherical shape, as it may be of any material or character, as will be readily
understood, which will ensure that it shall open agains: the weight of the liquid as the
bucket is drawn up, and will close against the pressure of the liquid as the bucket is
forced down.
The pump barrel is not necessarily fixed vertically, as it may be inclined or
horizontal, with the pump rod passing out through a suitable gland, but in either case
the outer end of the pump is in direct communication with the liquid in the reservoir,
and operates therefore substantially in the same manner as when fixed vertically.
As a convenient application of this part of the invention for the purpose of a cheap
portable pump, the bucket may be formed upon a piece of sheet metal bent into a
tubular form, except for a wide opening along one side, by soldering or otherwise
fixing a couple of rings around such tubular part and winding packing material
around the tubular part and between the rings. A wooden or other handle may be
fixed within the upper end of the tubular part, and a ball valve be carried within the
lower part, which forms a cage or guard therefor. The liquid flows into the opening
through the bucket by way of the opening in the tubular part, below the connection
of the handle therewith. The valve seating may consist of a leather ring forced up
into the tubular part and prevented from being pushed up out of place by slightly
reducing the diameter of the tubular part immediately above it. The reservoir may
be carried on legs, of which the pump barrel may form one, or may be carried on
wheels. In lieu of forming a wide opening along the tubular part above described,
perforations may be formed therein for the passage of the liquid; and in lieu of the
rings employed in forming the bucket an annular sinking or recess may be formed as
a channel around the tubular part, aforesaid, to receive the packing.
The pump above described may be formed in duplicate by employing two pump
barrels, and gearing the bucket rods together so that the buckets may operate reversely
to one another. In this case it is convenient and desirable to carry the delivery
branch from each such barrel into a common delivery valve-box which has a single

page_text: outlet to the main delivery pipe, and to provide within such valve-box a ball valve or
other valve which. as one bucket is performing its inward stroke and the other its
outward stroke, is forced against the delivery opening from the barrel of which
the bucket is performing its outward stroke, so as to prevent the water from the
barrel of which the bucket is performing its inward stroke being forced into the
other barrel, and which, as the reverse strokes take place, is forced back against
the other delivery opening from a barrel, for the corresponding purpose. This
arrangement of delivery valve and box is, of course, applicable generally in cases
in which two pumps (or in which an air vessel and a pump) deliver alternately
into one main.
An air vessel or vessels may be employed in combination with the pump or
pumps, when a continuous flow is required, and may be of tin or other substance,
and the barrel or barrels or reservoir may form part of the wall or walls of such
vessel or vessels. The air vessel or vessels may be of india-rubber or other elastic
material.
A further part of this invention refers to the class of garden or other syringe
which is stood within a bucket or other reservoir while the liquid is drawn up
through a suction valve in the base of the syringe and is forced out on the return
stroke of the piston through a delivery pipe passing out from the side of the barrel
near the bottom thereof. Some of the liquid drawn up into such syringe is liable to
leak past the piston, and on the upward stroke is squirted out through the opening at
the top of the barrel through which the piston rod passes, to the inconvenience of
the person operating and with waste of the liquid. To obviate this defect, according
to this invention, the syringe has a collar shaped as an inverted sauc r formed or fixed
around the barrel, and a number of perforations are formed through the side of the
barrel in position to open within the hollow of the collar, and thus any liquid which
has passed the piston flows out through the perforations and is deflected by the collar
downwards so as to fall into the reservoir.
A collar and perforations, as and for the purpose described, may be employed also
in the case of a pump operated on the principle of the syringe.
Dated this 15th day of August 18ee
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pumps and Syringes.
I, FRANK WILLIAM ALLCHIN, of 7 Western Terrace, Northampton in the County
of Northampton, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
According to one part of this invention, a pump barrel is fixed to the underside of
a reservoir which is kept supplied with a liquid which it is desired to force out
through the delivery pipe of the pump. The pump barrel is open at its top to the
reservoir, so that the liquid can at all times run freely into the barrel. The delivery
pipe is carried out at or near the bottom of the barrel. The pump bucket has an
opening formed therethrough and is connected with the lower end of a forked or
equivalent pump rod which passes up through the reservoir and is operated from
above by hand or otherwise. A wood or india-rubber ball valve is carried within a
guard or cage on the underside of the bucket, to beat up against a seating formed
around the opening through the bucket. During the upward stroke of the bucket the
liquid which has previously flowed from the reservoir into the barrel flows through the
opening in the bucket to the underside of the bucket, the valve itself readily yielding
back from its seat to admit thereof. On the downward or forcing stroke of the
lucket the valve is firmly seated, owing to the pressure of the liquid within the
barrel, and the liquid is consequently forced out through the delivery pipe. This

page_text: pparatus is, as will be seen, of a very simple character, and is capable of employ-
ment for a variety of purposes, either, for instance, for raising or forcing liquids, or
for garden watering, or extinguishing fires. The valve is not necessarily of wood or
of india-rubher, nor even of a spherical shape, as it may be of any material or
character, as will be readily understood, which will ensure that it shall open against
the weight of the liquid as the bucket is drawn up, and will close against the pressure
of the liquid as the bucket is forced down.
A convenient application of this part of the invention, for the purpose of a cheap
portable pump, is illustrated by figure 1 which is a vertical section taken through the
centre of the pump and reservoir to which it is fixed. The pump barrel A is fixed to
the bottom of the reservoir B, the upper end of the barrel being open to the reservoir.
The reservoir B may consist of an ordinary metal or other pail or bucket, and be
provided with a bandle a by which the whole apparatus may be lifted for removal.
The reservoir is supported upon a stand formed of legs band a bottom ring c, or of
other convenient form. d is an air vessel for equalising the pressure, and e the
outlet pipe therefrom through which the liquid is forced for distribution as required.
The bucket and the lower end of the pump rod is shewn in vertical section, to an
enlarged scale, by figure 2, and the part of the pump-rod which forms a cage for the
valve is shewn in sectional plan (that is as taken on line of figure 2) by figure 3.
In figure 2 the valvej is shewn clear of the seat, as when the bucket is being raised.
A wooden stem or handle is fixed within the upper end of a metal tubular part g
which may be conveniently formed of sheet zinc. The bucket is formed, in position
a short distance upwards from the bottom end of this tubular part, by soldering or
brazing around it a pair of rings hh, and winding packing material i around the
tubular part and between the rings. The seat for the valve; to beat up against
is formed in the bucket by means of a leather ring k inserted within the tubular part,
and this ring is prevented from being pushed up out of place by slightly reducing
In bending
the diameter of the tubular part immediately above it, as shewn.
round the sheet metal to form the tubular part 9, an opening g¹ is left down one
side of the tube, as shewn, in order that the liquid may readily flow into the part of
the tube which is above the bucket and may readily flow out from the part
thereof which is below the bucket, after passing through the bucket; and, to
facilitate the latter operation, an opening 92 (figure 3) is formed through the
opposite side also of the part of the tube which is below the bucket. The valve j
may consist conveniently of an ordinary india-rubber ball, having a wooden core
inside such as is used in hockey and other games, and this ball is prevented from
falling out of the tube g by means of a cross-bar / as shewn.
The reservoir and pump may, of course, he carried on wheels so as to be wheeled
about, if desired, instead of being lifted.
In lieu of forming a wide opening along the tubular part above described,
perforations may be formed therein for the passage of the liquid; and in lieu of
the rings employed in forming the bucket an annular sinking or recess may be
formed as a channel around the tubular part, aforesaid, to receive the packing,
but such an arrangement is not recommended, as it involves making the tubular
part of the rod a tolerably good fit within the pump barrel, and consequently interferes
somewhat with the flow of water into the barrel.
or
The pump barrel is not necessarily fixed vertically, as it may be inclined
horizontal, with the pump rod passing out through a suitable gland, but in either
case the outer end of the pump is in direct communication with the liquid in the
reservoir and the pump thus operates substantially in the same manner as when fixed
vertically.
The pump above described may be formed in duplicate by employing two pump
barrels, and gearing the bucket rods together so that the buckets may operate
reversely to one another. In this case it is convenient and desirable to carry the
delivery branch from each such barrel into a common delivery valve-box which has
single outlet to the main delivery pipe, and to provide within such valve-box a ball
valve or other valve which, as one bucket is performing its inward stroke and the
al

page_text: other its outward stroke, is forced against the delivery opening from the barrel of
which the bucket is performing its outward stroke, so as to prevent the water from
the barrel of which the bucket is performing its inward stroke being forced into the
other barrel, and which, as the reverse strokes take place, is forced back against the
other delivery opening from a barrel, for the corresponding purpose.
.
A convenient application of this part of the invention is illustrated by figures 4
and 5, of which figure 4 is a corresponding view to figure 1, and of which figure 5 is
a sectional plan taken on line yy of figure 4. The two pump barrels AA are
connected with the bottom of a receiver B just as the pump barrel of the previous
modification is connected with its receiver, and these pumps are constructed and
operate in the same manner as the previously described pump. The two pump rods
are connected by means of links m, with a hand lever n by which they are operated,
and the rods are guided vertically by means of guides f¹ fixed immediately over the
tops of the barrels. The parts of the stems above the tubular parts g of the pump
rods are made of the same diameter as the tubes, as shewn, so that no shoulders are
left to catch against the undersides of the guides 1; or the tubular parts g may be
carried up to the tops of the stems so as to slide through the guides f₁ throughout
the entire stroke or strips of metal, of the thickness of the sheet metal of the tubes,
may be fixed to the stems for the corresponding purpose. The delivery branch o
from each pump is carried into a cominon delivery valve box p, which has a single
outlet to the main delivery pipe, and within which is inserted a single ball valve q
which may be of indiarubber having a wooden core as in the case of the valve j
previously described, or may be of other character. This valve beats, alternately,
against the seatings g'g'. When in the position shown on the drawing, it allows
the water to pass from the left hand pump A, through the delivery valve box p,
outlet, and air vessel d, into the main e; and immediately the action of the pumps
is reversed the valve 9 will be forced back against the opposite seat in the valve
box p, and the liquid will flow from the right hand pump through the valve box.
The valve seatings q may be formed as leather rings and be inserted within a
tubular portion at each end of the valve box, as shewn. A bar or guard
employed across the mouth of the outlet pipe r, to prevent the ball valve
such mouth.
is
q choking
The valve box is not necessarily constructed to receive a ball valve, as shewn, as
it may be constructed for a two-way flap valve, as shewn in longitudinal section by
figure 6.
The
pumps illustrated in both modifications are shewn to be of a cheap construction,
which is effected by making them, to a large extent, of sheet-metal, of which the parts
are brazed or soldered together; but it will be obvious that the pumps may be made
of any quality, and for the better classes thereof it will be advisable to make some of
the parts in stronger metal, such, as in cast iron, or brass, and to join the parts
together by suitable flanged or screwed joints, as will be well understood.
Metal air-vessels are shewn as employed with the pumps, but when such vessels are
required they may, if preferred, be of india rubber or other elastic material.
The arrangement of delivery valve and box described for use with two pumps is, of
course, applicable generally in cases in which two pumps deliver alternately into one
main, or in which a double-acting pump delivers each stroke into a common main.
A further part of this invention refers to the class of garden or other syringe
which is stood within a bucket, or other reservoir while the liquid is drawn up through
a suction valve in the base of the syringe, and is forced out, on the return stroke of the
piston, through a delivery pipe passing out from the side of the barrel near the bottom 5
thereof. Some of the liquid drawn up into such syringe is liable to leak past the
piston, and on the upward stroke is squirted out through the opening at the top of the
barrel through which the piston rod passes, to the inconvenience of the person
operating and with waste of the liquid. To obviate this defect, according to this
invention, the syringe has a collar, shaped as an inverted saucer, formed or fixed 5
around the barrel, and a number of perforations are formed through the side of the
barrel in position to open within the hollow of the collar, and thus any liquid which

page_text: has passed the piston flows out through the perforations and is deflected by the collar
downwards so as to fall into the reservoir.
This part of the invention is illustrated by figure 7, which is a vertical section
through a garden syringe formed to stand within a bucket or other reservoir whilst in
use.
An inverted saucer-shaped collars is fixed around the barrel t, and a number of
perforations u are formed through around the side of the barrel in position to
communicate between the interior of the barrel and the hollow of the collar, and thus
if any water passes to the upper side of the bucket it is forced out through such
perforations and is deflected by the collars downwards again into the bucket or
other reservoir.
A collar and perforations, as and for the purpose described, may be employed also
in the case of a pump operated on the principle of the syringe, and obviously also in
the case of an ordinary hand syringe which is lifted out from the bucket or reservoir
and the liquid forced out again through the end of the barrel at which it entered. In
the latter case the hollow collar forms a shield to prevent any water which may have
passed the bucket being squirted back against the operator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. An open-topped vertical pump fixed to the bottom of a reservoir containing the
liquid to be pumped and provided with a bucket or piston through which the liquid
flows (relatively to the bucket or piston) during the upstroke, such bucket or piston
being provided with a suitable valve which prevents the return of the liquid
through the bucket or piston during the downward or forcing stroke, substantially as
described.
2. In a pump for pumping liquids, a barrel which is in free communication at its
upper or outer end with a reservoir containing the liquid to be pumped, a bucket or
piston working within such barrel and having an opening for the passage of the
liquid through it, and a valve carried to beat up against the lower or inner side of
such bucket, all substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination with a pair of pumps delivering into a common main, or with a
double-acting pump which delivers both its strokes into a common main, of a single
valve box into which the delivery branch, respectively, from each pump, or from each
end, respectively, of the double-acting pump, enters and from which a common
delivery pipe passes out, and within which is contained a single valve which acts
alternately as the back pressure valve for each inlet to the box, substantially as
described.
4. The combined pump and reservoir, substantially as described with reference to
figures 1, 2 and 3 of the drawings herewith, for the purpose set forth.
5. The combined pumps and reservoir, substantially as described with reference to
figure 4 of the drawings herewith, for the purpose set forth.
6. The delivery valve box and valve substantially as described with reference to
figures 4 and 5, and the modification thereof substantially as described with reference
to figure 6, for the purpose set forth.
7. The combination with a syringe or hand pump operated on the principle of a
syringe as described, of an inverted saucer-shaped collar with the hollow of which a
number of perforations formed through the thickness of the barrel of the syringe or
pump communicate, substantially as described for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 14th
CM 1000
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall, Agent for the Applicant.