IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES, ALSO FOR COMBINING AND OPERATING TOGETHER COMPOUND ENGINES, CONDENSERS, AND PUMP OR PUMPS OF NOVEL CONSTRUCTION, ALSO FOR CERTAIN NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP-VALVES AND VALVE MECHANISM, ALSO FOR A NOVEL CUT-OFF AND BALANCE-VALVE AND HAND-LEVER ATTACHMENT."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Davis Hooker, of the City of St. Louis, County
of St. Louis, and State of Missouri, one of the United States of America,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES,
ALSO FOR COMBINING AND OPERATING TOGETHER COMPOUND ENGINES,
CONDENSERS, AND PUMP OR PUMPS OF NOVEL CONSTRUCTION, ALSO FOR
CERTAIN NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP-VALVES AND VALVE MECHANISM,
ALSO FOR A NOVEL CUT-OFF AND BALANCE-VALVE AND HAND-LEVER
ATTACHMENT."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Davis Hooker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1882.
WILLIAM DAVIS HOOKER, of the City of St. Louis, County of St. Louis and
State of Missouri one of the United States of America, Engineer. “ImprovemenTS
IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES, ALSO FOR COMBINING AND OPERATING TOGETHER
COMPOUND ENGINES, CONDENSERS AND PUMP OR PUMPS OF NOVEL CONSTRUCTION,
ALSO FOR CERTAIN NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP VALVES AND VALVE
MECHANISM, ALSO FOR A NOVEL CUT OFF AND BALANCE VALVE AND HAND
LEVER ATTACHMENT."
"
My Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in steam pumping
engines; also to improvements in compound engines, and their connection and
combination with a condenser, of novel construction producing, a pumping engine,
of increased working capacity, also to improvements in the valve mechanism of
steam pumps and engines, also to improved construction of steam pump; also to
certain novel parts and details of the mechanism of the steam pumps and engines;
and my said improvements consist first, in mounting a pump or pumps upon one
end of a condenser and an engine or engines upon the other end of the same con-
denser to drive the pump or pumps by direct action. The condenser is made the
bed plate of the pumping engine, and direct conuéction had of the engine exhaust
with the condensing space and of the pump or pumps with the water-way of the
rD 1

page_text: condenser; so that the water raised is taken into and drawn through the condenser
and a vacuum is produced in the water-way to counteract the vacuum formed by
condensation in the steam space of the condenser.
By drawing the water through the condenser by the pump or pumps a circu-
lation of cold water through the water-way is maintained and no circulating pump
is required; while the vacuum in the water space and that in the tube-space being
made equal or nearly so, all liability of the tubes or other parts to leak at the
joints is thereby prevented.
It consists secondly in mounting a high pressure and one or more low pressure
engines upon one end of a condenser to drive by direct action the pumps mounted
on the other end of the same condenser, with which the exhausts of the engine,
and the suction of the pump are connected, as hereinafter specified, and in operating
the valves of all the engines simultaneously by steam supplied and controlled by a
valve moved by the main piston.
By this construction I am enabled to provide a compact simple pumping engine
having very great working capacity. I am also enabled to utilize the expansion
and the vacuum of the low pressure engine or engines.
It consists thirdly in working the valve, and also in driving the piston of the
low pressure engine by means of steam from the high pressure engine and the
vacuum formed in the condenser, and in supplying live steam directly to the low
pressure engine through a secondary pipe or passage leading from a source of supply
into the exhaust passage between the high and the low pressure engines, and
controlled by a cock; the valves of all the engines being operated simultaneously
by steam supplied and controlled by a valve actuated by the high pressure
piston.
By introducing live steam into the exhaust from the high pressure engine in this
manner the speed of the low pressure engine can be increased when desired as in
case of fire and other emergency.
It also enables the low pressure engine to be set in motion at the same time with
the high pressure engine in starting the pumps to assist in moving the column of
water resting in the discharge pipe, and thereby relieve the main or high pressure
engine until the vacuum is sufficiently established.
It consists fourthly in connecting the piston rods together by a cross-head or
yoke which is fixed to the rod of the high pressure piston but has a play or longi-
tudinal movement between stops upon the rod of the low pressure engine so that
a lost motion is obtained which allows the low pressure piston to have an inde-
'pendent movement and to operate to finish the stroke in advance of the piston of
the high pressure engine.
This permits the low pressure piston to "cushion" and the pump valves to
seat quietly without jar or shock while waiting for the piston of the main engine
to finish its stroke, so that the engines reverse smoothly and work quietly.
It consists fifthly in constructing the case or shell of the condenser with a
surrounding jacket or water space which is connected with the tube-chamber
and with the suction of the pump so that a constantly moving stream of cold
water is maintained, not only through the tubes but also in the surrounding
jacket or water-space thus virtually submerging the condenser in a body of
water.
And in this part of my improvement I provide for the expansion and con-
traction of the tubes, by a novel construction of moveable tube sheet or inner head
and in connection therewith a means or device for setting up or compressing
the packing thereof from the outside of the condenser without removing the
heads.
I also provide in connection and combination with a condenser for pumping
engines, a means for drawing off the water of condensation of the condensing
space from its well or reservoir of the bottom of the condensing space, by the pump
which produces the required vacuum with the condenser and in forcing and
directing it either to the boiler as feed water, or else discharging it into the

page_text: suction of the main pumps of the engine to be drawn and carried off from the
condenser.
It consists seventhly, in a novel method and arrangement for balancing the steam
pressure on slide valves of steam cylinders, that are moved by or with or in a
fixed relation to a supplemental piston the same consisting in transferring the
pressure from the slide valve to the supplemental piston and then counteracting the
pressure on the piston by exposing a corresponding area of the piston to the steam
pressure in counter directions, as hereinafter described.
In connection with this part of my improvements I provide a novel con-
struction and application of hand lever for working the piston of the valve by
hand.
This device is adapted to be brought into connection with the piston when
required for action and to be readily disconnected there from and thrown out of
the way when the piston is working with steam.
Another part or feature of my Invention consists in providing a cut off mechanism
having a controlling valve which is operated from the main piston by suitable
devices, and in the use of adjustable stops, connecting the controlling valve with
the main piston of the engine.
When, as in direct acting pumping engines, the resistance is constant and when
the velocity is moderate and there is no fly wheel to resist and equalize the
momentum of the moving parts, I find the best economy is in not cutting off the
steam earlier than at some point in the last half of the stroke of the main piston ;
thus showing down the pumping engine at the termination of its stroke, and
allowing the valves to fall quietly upon their seats and the pumping cylinder to
fill with water before the main piston commences its return stroke. To regulate
this cut-off I provide adjustable stops.
I also provide suitable intermediate connecting mechanism, from the main piston
to the controlling valve of the cut-off, so that said controlling valve shall move in
unison with the main piston, when operated by the same, but in a much shorter
or reduced length of stroke.
I also provide means for balancing the controlling valve when exposed to the
pressure of steam, so that the valve can move freely throughout its stroke.
I also provide suitable valves to regulate, open and close the communication
between the engine cylinder and the cut-off.
Another part of my Invention consists in a novel means of connecting a hand
lever with the piston-rod of the engine, for use in starting or in moving the engine
by hand.
This improvement consists of a wrist-pin with a cross-bar or rod
projecting at right angles across its head to slide in bearings in the oscillating
hand lever, and arranged to oscillate in a socket provided in a block fixed on the
piston rod and it consists also in connecting the block with the piston rod by means
of a groove in the rod and a projection on the inside of the bearing on the block
and in making the block in two parts or sections so that it can be clamped and
secured on the piston rod or be loosened therein and held immovable while the
piston rod works through it.
This improvement is of especial value in pumps where the stroke of the
piston is longer than the distance between the heals of the steam and the water
cylinders.
By opening the clamps, the hand lever is disconnected and held rigidly from
moving with the piston, and by closing them upon the rod, the hand lever is
connected with the piston-rod and is brought into action.
In moving the hand lever this connection produces a long stroke or movement
of the piston rod from a short movement of the lever and the distance traveled by
the body of the person working it is less than in the case of the ordinary hand-
lover.
My improvements in the pumps of steam pumping engines consist in casting the
inclined partitions that separate the induction and eduction chambers, in an
inclined position in one piece with the shell or case, and parallel with each other

page_text: and in such relation to the case or shell that the openings for the valve seats in the
partitions shall be directly in line one over the other and then in providing a small
hole or opening in the top of the case over the said partition through which to
reach and bore out the valve seats.
By this arrangement I am enabled to cast the partitions as a permanent part
of the shell or case, thereby reducing the number of joints and openings which
are otherwise required. The arrangement of the partitions is also advantageous
in giving sufficient room in the suction and discharge chambers for connecting
the suction and discharge pipes directly to them without having to core a passage
around the cylinder.
This improvement includes also a simple and effective arrangement for mounting
and securing the valves upon their seats in the chambers of the pump so that they
can be readily removed and replaced when desired.
The same consisting in supporting the upper end of the guide spindle, of each
valve by a transverse rod which passes across the chambers above the valves and
has its ends supported in sockets in the sides of the case or shell.
The cover when fastened in place holds the rod in a horizontal position and
secures the valves upon their seats.
This arrangement enables me to remove and replace the valves readily when
desired as it is only necessary to remove the cap or cover and then withdraw or
replace the rods with their attached valves.
This part of my Invention consists also in providing a valved water-way or
passage through or between the discharge and suction chambers of the pump
through which the water in the discharge chamber can be drawn or returned back
into the suction the same constituting a drain valve as well as a relief valve for
the pumps.
The object of this is to connect the discharge chamber with the suction
chamber so that when desired, the water in the discharge chamber can be drawn
down into the suction from whence it can pass back into the well or source from
which the pump draws its supply.
This is of special advantage in cold weather as it prevents the pump from
freezing up when it is allowed to stand still.
By employing a weighted lever to act against the end of the valve rod and
counteract any given pressure against the piston or valve in the horizontal passage
I prevent any unusual strain or pressure in the discharge chamber or pipe causing
the valve to yield to this pressure and allow a portion of water to pass it and be
discharged into the suction.
Another improvement in this part of my Invention consists in providing a
novel fastening for the caps or covers on the side openings of the pump chamber,
that affords a ready and simple means for detaching the covers or for securing them
in place..
And lastly my improvement in pumps consists in placing at each end of the
pumps a sediment collector formed of a chamber that is below the level of the
pump cylinder and is provided with a discharge opening closed by a cock.
In these receptacles all the mud and sediment drawn into the pump is caught
and retained and is caused to pass out or be ejected from the pump at any time by
simply opening the cocks of the discharge openings. By means whereof, the
valves and valve chamber are kept clean and free of all such matter.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Davis Hooker in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th July 1882.
WILLIAM DAVIS HOOKER, of the City of St. Louis, County of St. Louis and
State of Missouri one of the United States of America, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM PUMPING ENGINES, ALSO FOR COMBINING AND OPERATING TOGETHER
COMPOUND ENGINES, CONDENSERS, AND PUMP OR PUMPS OF NOVEL CONSTRUCTION,
ALSO FOR CERTAIN NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF PUMP-VALVES AND VALVE
MECHANISM, ALSO FOR A NOVEL CUT-OFF AND BALANCE-VALVE AND HAND-LEVER
ATTACHMENT."
My Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in steam pumping
engines; also to improvements in compound engines, and their connection and
combination with a condenser of novel construction producing a pumping engine
of increased working capacity, also to improvements in the valve mechanism of
steam pumps and engines, also to improved construction of steam pumps; also to
certain novel parts and details of the mechanism of the steam pumps and engines;
and my said improvements consist first, in mounting a pump or pumps upon one
end of a condenser and an engine or engines, upon the other end of the same
condenser to drive the pump or pumps by direct action.
The condenser is made the bed plate of the pumping engine, and direct connection
had of the engine-exhaust with the condensing space and of the pump or pumps
with the water-way of the condenser, so that the water raised is taken into and
drawn through the condenser and a vacuum is produced in the water way
to counteract the vacuum formed by condensation in the steam-space of the
condenser.
By drawing the water through the condenser by the pump or pumps a circulation
of cold water through the water-way is maintained and no circulating pump is
required; while the vacuum in the water space and that in the tube-space being
made equal or nearly so, all liability of the tubes or other parts to leak at the
joints is thereby prevented. .
It consists secondly in mounting a high pressure and one or more low pressure
engines upon one end of a condenser to drive by direct action the pumps mounted
on the other end of the same condenser, with which the exhausts of the engine
and the suction of the pump are connected, as hereinafter specified, and in operating
the valves of all the engines simultaneously by steam supplied and controlled by a
valve moved by the main piston.
By this construction I am enabled to provide a compact simple pumping engine
having very great working capacity. I am also enabled to utilize the expansion
and the vacuum of the low pressure engine or engines.
It consists thirdly in working the valve, and also in driving the piston of the
low pressure engine by means of steam from the high pressure engine and the
vacuum formed in the condenser, and in supplying live steam directly to the low
pressure engine through a secondary pipe or passage leading from a source of
supply into the exhaust passage between the high and the low pressure engines
and controlled by a cock; the valves of all the engines being operated simultaneously
by steam supplied and controlled by a valve actuated by the high pressure piston.
By introducing live steam into the exhaust from the high pressure engine in
this manner the speed of the low pressure engine can be increased when desired as
in case of fire and other emergency.
It also enables the low pressure engine to be set in motion at the same time
with the high pressure engine in starting the pumps to assist in moving the
column of water resting in the discharge pipe, and thereby relieve the main or high
pressure engine until the vacuum is sufficiently established.

page_text: It consists fourthly in connecting the piston rods together by a cross-head or
yoke which is fixed to the rod of the high pressure piston but has a play or
longitudinal movement between stops upon the rod of the low pressure engine so
that a lost motion is obtained which allows the low pressure piston to have an
independent movement and to operate to finish the stroke in advance of the
piston of the high pressure engine.
This permits the low pressure piston to "cushion" and the pump valves to seat
quietly without jar or shock while waiting for the piston of the main engine to
finish its stroke, so that the engines reverse smoothly and work quietly.
It consists fifthly in constructing the case or shell of the condenser with a
surrounding jacket or water space which is connected with the tube-chamber and
with the suction of the pump so that a constantly moving stream of cold water is
maintained, not only through the tubes but also in the surrounding jacket or water-
space thus virtually submerging the condenser in a body of water.
And in this part of my improvement I provide for the expansion and
contraction of the tubes, by a novel construction of moveable tube-sheet or
inner head and in connection therewith a means or device for setting up or
compressing the packing thereof from the outside of the condenser without
removing the heads.
I also provide in connection and combination with a condenser for pumping
engines, a means for drawing off the water of condensation of the condensing space
from its well or reservoir of the bottom of the condensing space, by the pump
which produces the required vacuum within the condenser and in forcing and
directing it either to the boiler as feed water, or the discharging it into the suction
of the main pumps of the engine to be drawn and carried off from the condenser.
It consists seventhly, in a novel method and arrangement for balancing the
steam pressure on slide valves of steam cylinders, that are moved by or with or in
a fixed relation to a supplemental piston, the same consisting in transferring the
pressure from the slide-valve to the supplemental piston, and then counteracting
the pressure on the piston by exposing a corresponding area of the piston to the
steam pressure in counter directions as hereinafter described.
In connection with this part of my improvements I provide a novel construction
and application of hand lever for working the piston of the valve by hand.
This device is adapted to be brought into connection with the piston when
required for action and to be readily disconnected there from and thrown out of
the way when the piston is working with steam.
Another part or feature of my Invention consists in providing a cut off mechanism
having a controlling valve which is operated from the main piston by suitable
devices, and in the use of adjustable stops connecting the controlling valve with
the main piston of the engine.
When, as in direct acting pumping engines, the resistance is constant and when
the velocity is moderate and there is no fly wheel to resist and equalize the
momentum of the moving parts I find the best economy is in not cutting off the
steam earlier than at some point in the last half of the stroke of the main piston ;
thus slowing down the pumping engine at the termnation of its stroke, and
allowing the valves to fall quietly upon their seats and the pumping cylinder to
fill with water before the main piston commences its return stroke. To regulate
this cut off point I provide adjustable stops.
I also provide suitable intermediate connecting mechanism from the main piston
to the controlling valve of the cut off, so that said controlling valve shall move in
unison with the main piston, when operated by the same, but in a much shorter
or reduced length of stroke.
I also provide means for balancing the controlling valve when exposed to the
pressure of steam, so that the valve can move freely throughout its stroke.
I also provide suitable valves to regulate, open and close the communication
between the engine cylinder and the cut off.
Another part of my Invention consists in a novel means of connecting a hand

page_text: lever with the piston-rod of the engine, for use in starting or in moving the engine
by hand.. This improvement consists of a wrist-pin with a cross bar or rod
projecting at right angles across its head to slide in bearings in the oscillating hand
lever, and arranged to oscillate in a socket provided in a block fixed on the piston
rod, and it consists also in connecting the block with the piston rod by means of a
groove in the rod and a projection on the inside of the bearing on the block, and
in making the block in two parts or sections so that it can be clamped and secured
on the piston rod or be loosened therein and held immovable while the piston rod
works through it.
This improvement is of especial value in pumps where the stroke of the piston
is longer than the distance between the heads of the steam and the water
cylinders.
By opening the clamps, the hand lever is disconnected and held rigidly from
moving with the piston, and by closing them upon the rod; the hand-lever is
connected with the piston-rod and is brought into action.
In moving the hand lever this connection produces a long stroke or movement of
the piston rod from a short movement of the lever and the distance travelled
by the body of the person working it is less than in the case of the ordinary hand-
lever.
My improvements in the pumps of steam pumping engines consist in casting the
inclined partitions that separate the induction and eduction chambers, in an
inclined position in one piece with the shell or case, and parallel with each other
and in such relation to the case or shell that the openings for the valve seats in the
partitions shall be directly in line one over the other, and then in providing a small
hole or opening in the top of the case over the said partition through which to
reach and bore out the valve seats.
By this arrangement I am enabled to cast the partitions as a permanent part of
the shell or case, thereby reducing the number of joints and openings which are
otherwise required. The arrangement of the partitions is also advantageous in
giving sufficient room in the suction and discharge chambers for connecting the
suction and discharge pipes directly to them without having to core a passage
around the cylinder.
This improvement includes also a simple and effective arrangement for mounting
and securing the valves upon their seats in the chambers of the pump so that they
can be readily removed and replaced when desired.
The same consisting in supporting the upper end of the guide spindle of each
valve by a transverse rod which passes across the chambers above the valves and.
has its ends supported in sockets in the sides of the case or shell..
The cover when fastened in place holds the rod in a horizontal position and
secures the valves upon their seats.
This arrangement enables me to remove and replace the valves readily when
desired as it is only necessary to remove the cap or cover and then withdraw or
replace the rods with their attached valves.
This part of my Invention consists also in providing a valved water-way or
passage through or between the discharge and suction-chambers of the pump
through which the water in the discharge chamber can be drawn or returned back
into the suction, the same constituting a drain valve as well as a relief valve for the
pumps.
The object of this is to connect the discharge chamber with the suction chamber,
so that when desired, the water in the discharge chamber can be drawn down into
the suction from whence it can pass back into the well or source from which the
pump draws its supply.
This is of special advantage in cold weather as it prevents the pump from
freezing up when it is allowed to stand still.
By employing a weighted lever to act against the end of the valve rod and
counteract any given pressure against the piston or valve in the horizontal passage,
I prevent any unusual strain or pressure in the discharge chamber or pipe, causing

page_text: the valve to yield to this pressure and allow a portion of water to pass it and be
discharged into the suction.
Another improvement in this part of my Invention consists in providing a novel
fastening for the caps or covers on the side openings of the pump chamber, that
affords a ready and simple means for detaching the covers or for securing them in
place.
And lastly my improvement in pumps consists in placing at each end of the
pumps a sediment collector formed of a chamber that is below the level of the
pump cylinder and is provided with a discharge opening closed by a cock,
In these receptacles all the mud and sediment drawn into the pump is caught
and retained and is caused to pass out or be ejected from the pump at any time by
simply opening the cocks of the discharge openings. By means whereof, the valves
and valve chamber are kept clean and free of all such matter.
DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS CONTAINED ON FIVE SHEETS IN
WHICH THE SEVERAL POINTS AND FEATURES OF MY IMPROVEMENTS ARE SHOWN.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a side elevation of my improved compound pumping engine
to which my several improvements of condenser, combined high and low pressure
engines, pumps, cut off mechanism, balance slide valve, and other parts and devices
before described, are all applied.
Figure 2, is a vertical longitudinal section through the condenser, which in this
application of the improvement is made the bed-plate of the pumping engine.
Figure 3 is a plan or top view of Figure 2.
Figure 4 is an end elevation of the condenser taken from the right hand end of
Figure 3. The part on the left of the vertical center line is shewn in section.
Figure 5 (Sheet 2) is an elevation in vertical transverse section through the
pumping engine shown in Figure 1. The section being taken at the vertical
line xy. through the body of the condenser and through the line y, y, at the
pumps. In this view is shown the construction of the condenser that forms the
bed-plate of the engines and pumps, and also the connections of the pumps with
the water-way and of the engine cylinders and valve chambers with the condensing
space thereof. Also the construction of one pump cylinder and its valve chamber
with the relief-valve in section.
Figure 6, is a vertical longitudinal section taken through the pump case or shell,
its pump cylinder and valve-chambers. In this view is shown the construction of
the shell and partitions, and the arrangement of the valves.
Figures 6ª, 6b, 6c, are detail views in plan and vertical sections, showing my
improved method of placing and securing in working position a set of pump valves
by a single rod. Figure 6b is a section taken through the line z, z, Figure 6.
Figures 7, 7a, are details of the construction of the covers or caps to the side
openings of the valve chambers showing my improved fastening bolt.
Figure 8, is a detail section of the valve chamber of the side of the pump on
the left of the vertical wall or partition between the two sets of chambers, this
view shows more particularly a modification of valve especially adapted for
working in hot and thick liquids, and for brewers' pumps.
Figure 9 (Sheet 3) is a vertical transverse section taken through the engine
cylinders at about the line X, X, Figure 1. In this view is shown the manner of
connecting a high, with a low pressure, engine cylinder, and of applying and
operating therewith an auxiliary valve to supply steam to drive the valves of
both engines. The supply port of the low-pressure engine is connected with the
exhaust of the high pressure engine while the exhaust from the low pressure
cylinder is connected with the condenser below through the connection shown at
the outer side of the low pressure cylinder.
This view also shows the automatic cut-off and its connections.
Figure 10, is a plan view of the top of the two engine cylinders with the valve

page_text: chambers removed to show the arrangement of the supply and exhaust ports, pipes,
and passages, and also the position and arrangement of the auxiliary valve and the
means for connecting it with the low-pressure engine-valve.
Figure 11, is a vertical longitudinal section through the low pressure cylinder,
its valve and valve-chamber.
Figure 12, (Sheet 4) is a vertical longitudinal section through the high pressure
cylinder, the auxiliary valve and valve-chamber and the main valve and valve
chamber of this cylinder.
Figure 12a, is a detail view showing the construction of the fastening device for
connecting the valve rods to the auxiliary valve.
These four Figures (9, 10, 11 and 12) show the construction of my improved
balance slide valve.
Figure 13, is a side elevation of the high pressure cylinder showing the
application of my improved automatic cut-off.
The dotted lines in this Figure represent the position of the operating lever of
the cut-off when the steam is cut off from the cylinder.
Figure 14, is an end view of Figure 13, taken from the right hand side.
Figure 15, (Sheet 5) shows my improved mode of attaching hand-levers to the
piston-rods. The dotted lines in this Figure represent the position of the lever
and parts at different points in the oscillating movement of the lever.
Figure 16, is a vertical cross section through the lever and its attachments by
which it is connected to and disconnected from the piston rod.
Figure 17 is a vertical longitudinal section through the supplemental piston
valve and the main valve of one of the engine cylinders. This view shows in
detail my improvement in balancing steam valves.
Figure 18, is a vertical cross-section through the center of Figure 17.
Figure 19 is a plan or top view of the small hand lever, for moving the
supplemental valve by hand.
A represents a condenser having suitable supporting brackets or surfaces a, a, at
one end to receive the pumps B, B, and similar supports a', a¹, on the opposite end
for mounting the engine cylinders C, C¹, thereon in line with the pump cylinders,
so that each engine is applied to drive a pump by direct action.
Where two pumps and a compound engine are employed, as in forming a pumping
engine of increased capacity, the pumps and engine cylinders will be disposed upon
each side of the condenser for distributing the weight of the parts as equally as
possible upon each side; but if a single pump and engine be used they can be
mounted directly upon the top.
The condenser thus forms the bed plate of the pumping engine and the parts are
all brought into close and compact relation and position together with great
economy of space.
When the engine is a compound one, or composed of a high and a low-pressure
cylinder, I connect the exhaust of the low-pressure directly with the condenser
while the high-pressure cylinder is connected with the valve chamber of the low-
pressure cylinder in the usual manner.
This direct communication with the condenser brings a full effect of the vacuum
upon the low-pressure cylinder and then by employing the auxiliary valve E for
supplying steam to the main valve D of both engines, I am enabled to operate
both pistons uniformly and rapidly without employing any valve-mechanism for
the low pressure engine.
In many cases the engines could be run together without having any yoke or
connection between the two piston rods, but Ï find it desirable to couple the rods
together by a yoke.
This yoke G is supported and works. on a guide rod h between the piston rods,
that is fixed to and supported between the heads of a cylinder at one end and the
heads of the pump cylinder at the other end along the top of the condenser as
seen in Figures 1, 2, and 13. This yoke serves also to work the hot water
pump H, and the air pump I, for which purpose it is provided with the depending

page_text: arm j, on its underside to work the pump-rod j', and is connected by a link k, at one
side to the upper end of a rocking lever, L, pivoted at m to the bracket N just
over the air pump, the pump-rod O, being connected at p, to the shorter end of
the right angle lever L, and working up and down in a bearing in the bracket N.
For operating the valve of a high-pressure, and one or several low-pressure
engine-cylinders, I supply steam by and through the operation of an auxiliary
valve E, actuated by the main piston of one of the engines.
This auxiliary valve supplies steam to move the supplemental piston F, that
carries the main valve of the high pressure engine and may be moved by the main
piston of the engine acting against tappets in the main cylinder.
Steam is admitted by this valve through the ports alternately to each end of the
chamber in which the supplemental piston works, while the main valve D, which
supplies steam to move the main piston is carried by this supplemental piston.
The low-pressure engine is provided with a supplemental piston chamber and.
supplemental piston F, which carries a main valve D₁ in the same way as in the
high pressure engine.
I then connect the supplemental-piston chamber d, with the same auxiliary valve
chamber e, that supplies steam to move the supplemental piston and main valve of
the high pressure engine by means of pipes, ports or passages, g, so that the same
auxiliary valve supplies steam to move the main valves of both engines.
If the pistons of the engines are to he moved in opposite directions I cross the
pipes, ports or passages g, g, so that the steam is delivered simultaneously at the
opposite ends of the supplemental-piston chambers of the two engines. This
arrangement insures a simultaneous action of the valves in the two engines, so
that the exhaust steam from the high pressure engine passes directly into the
cylinder of the low-pressure engine at the same time that the exhaust that con-
nects the low-pressure engine with the condenser is opened, thus causing the vacuum
in the condenser to aid in moving the main piston.
The pipes, ports or passages i i, which connect the condenser with the exhaust
passages that lead from the ends of the supplemental-piston chamber d, through
the auxiliary valve chamber e, have heretofore been connected with the main
exhaust from the engine before they reached the condenser, so that the vacuum in
the condenser had little effect in aiding to move the supplemental piston F and
main valve D, owing to the back pressure of the steam in the main exhaust
passage.
By my arrangement however I connect these ports or passages directly with the
condenser, and at some point in the length of each, I introduce a cock m, by means
of which the passages can be partially or entirely closed. The best arrangement
for this purpose is to lead two branch pipes from the opposite ends of the chambers
and connect them with a single pipe which enters the condenser. I can then
employ a single cock on the main pipe which will control the exhaust from both
branch pipes.
When the engine is running I can open this cock m, to give a free exhaust into
the condenser and thus utilize the vacuum in the condenser to assist in moving the
pistons and valves; but if the speed of the piston and valve is too great I can
choke the exhaust passage by partially closing the cock m, or by entirely closing
this cock the movement of the piston and main valve can be arrested and the
engine stopped.
This arrangement simplifies the compound condensing engine and renders it
much more effective than heretofore.
In connection with the exhaust pipe or passage g, leading from the valve-
chamber of the high pressure to the valve-chamber of the low-pressure cylinder,
I find it highly useful and desirable to provide a supply of live, steam to the Iow
pressure cylinder, so that when the engines are started the power of the low
pressure piston is obtained at once, to assist the piston of the high pressure cylinder
without waiting for the vacuum to be sufficiently formed to work the low pressure
in the usual way with the exhaust steam.

page_text: By leading a pipe P, (Figures 9 and 10) from the steam supply of the high
pressure cylinder directly into the exhaust q, I can turn a small supply of live steam
into the steam chest or supply of the low pressure engine, and the valve E. when
set in motion by the main piston will move both engines together.
The flow of live steam through this pipe is controlled by a cock g¹ as shown
in Figure 9.
This supply of live steam for the low pressure cylinder is also useful in regulating
the speed of the piston in that engine where the valve is not driven or controlled
directly by a valve mechanism, for, by admitting to its cylinder a greater or less
quantity of live steam the low pressure piston can be accelerated more or less as.
required and both engines can then be brought up to a uniform speed.
This cylinder C or high pressure side of the pumping engine as shown in
Figures 10, 11 and 12, has its auxiliary valve E moved by the arms or rods s 8, the
tappets s² 8 on the oscillating rock shaft 83 and the arms that are fixed to the rock-
shaft and project into the cylinder space in position to be struck by the piston.
To connect the valve rods 8, 8, I provide a lug t on top of the valve, with a
hole or slot into which the ends of the rods are inserted and then hold them in
place by the cap T. The rounded ends of the rods fit into the lug but they do
not come quite in contact at the ends when inserted from opposite sides.
Behind them on the rod is formed a shoulder r' over which the cap T is dropped.
A slot in each end of the cap allowing it to fit closely over each rod and embrace
and cover the lug and the two shoulders, so that the two rods are securely locked
to the top of the valve.
By simply lifting off the cap each rod s¹ can be readily loosened and lifted out of
place through the opening in the upper side of the valve chamber.
Through the same opening after the rods s 8 are removed, access can be had to
the valve and tappets in taking out for repairs.
This is a very simple and effective mode of securing the valve to the rods and it
enables the parts to be easily detached and taken out for inspection and repairs, as
no pins, bolts, or other fastenings are used.
The cock 95, enables me to perfectly control the supply of steam to the low-
pressure engine valves so that it can be perfectly controlled by means of the cock;
and its motion can be regulated and exactly adjusted.
The case of the condenser consists of two shells, an outer one w, and an inner
one w', between which is a narrow space forming a water-way all round the outside
of the inner shell.
The exhaust steam pipe q that leads to the condenser passes through both shells
as shown, and the inlet to the hot well at the bottom of the condenser is connected
in a like manner with the interior chamber or condensing space.
The condenser tubes V, V, have one end secured in a stationary or fixed tube
sheet R while the opposite ends are fixed in a moveable or sliding tube-sheet or
head R¹ in the opposite end of the condenser. This moveable tube-sheet can be
made in any convenient form so that its outer rim has a bearing against the inside
of the case or shell.
In the present instance I have represented it with a projecting flange x, or turned
up rim, which gives a wide bearing against the interior of the shell.
Between this flange x and the shell, any suitable material is placed to form a
packing a¹, and then against this packing is placed a gland or follower Y in the
space between the flange and the outer shell which is set up to compress and force
the packing against the flange or rim of the tube-sheet.
This forms a stuffing box for the tube sheet to move in. The gland or follower Y,
is moved from the outside of the condenser by means of screws y, y, or other com-
pressing devices can be provided for the purpose to work through the outer head
of the condenser so that the packing can be compressed from the outside without
removing the head.
By having the tubes secured at one end in a moveable tube-sheet and at their

page_text: opposite ends to a fixed or stationary sheet, it is only necessary to pack the single
moveable head or tube-sheet.
The expansion and contraction of the tubes is thus permitted to take place in
any required amount or degree without injury to the joints or connections between
the tubes and tube-sheets, because the sliding tube-sheet is free to move bodily
within the surrounding shell, as the tubes increase or diminish in length, but the
other tube sheet is stationary and immoveable.
When the shell is made double as above described the stationary tube-sheet
extends to the outer shell while the inner shell abuts against it, leaving a cham-
ber W between it and the head of the condenser, (Figure 12) and in the rim of the
tube-sheet openings Z¹ are made to connect the chamber W, with the jacket or
surrounding water space.
The air pump I produces the vacuum in the condenser to start the engines and
also operates to draw off the water of condensation from the hot well H, and force
it to the boiler, for which latter purpose the pipe 2 is led from the top of the pump
to the boiler. From this pipe connection is made with the water-way of the
condenser or the suction engine pumps B, through branch pipe h³, and a cock is
placed in it and also in the pipe h2 at some convenient point between the branch
pipe h³ and the boiler.
.
By these means the hot water produced from condensation and collecting in the
hot well can be forced either into the boiler for feed water, or it can be dis-
charged into the suction of the pump to relieve the condenser when the water is not
required for the boiler or accumulates too rapidly in the condenser. When the
cock g³ is closed and the cock g² in the main pipe is opened the air pump will force
the hot water into the boiler and by opening the branch pipe and shutting off the
cock in the main pipe the hot water will be directed into the suction of the engine
pumps.
This construction is shown in Figure 1 of the Drawing.
The supplemental valve or piston that operates, the main valve in such engine
usually consists of two heads and a connecting stem of smaller diameter as represented
in Figures 15 and 16, and the main valve D is carried in a recess in its under side.
As there represented the heads of this supplemental piston are made hollow and
they are connected by two bars f, f, shewn at Figures: 15 and 16.
In constructing these bars I cast or otherwise form a ledge, rib or lug f' on the
inside of each so that the two lugs will be opposite to each other.
I then provide an inverted cup-shaped cylinder n having a corresponding lug or
rib, on the opposite sides to fit between the bars f, and drop it down into
the space between the two bars so that the lugs of the cup shall rest upon the
lugs f¹ on the sides of the bars.
This arrangement is simple and answers every purpose, but the cylinder can be
secured to or mounted upon the piston in the position represented, in any other
way.
The slide valve D, fits in the recess between the heads of the supplemental piston
below the inverted cup-shaped cylinder n and to the upper side of the slide valve,
a piston K is fixed so as to extend up into the cylinder n when the main valve is
in position between the heads.
This piston can be cast as a part of the valve. In the Drawing it is represented
in the form of a cup but it can be made like any other piston, its object being to
fit into the cylinder n and make a comparatively tight joint which will prevent
the steam from getting into the cylinder above it.
A port or passager leads from the space above the piston down through the
piston and main valve so as to connect the space above the piston in the cylinder
with the exhaust passage q', or it may be connected with the open air with
equal advantage as its object is to remove or prevent any steam pressure in the
space.
When steam is admitted into the valve chamber d it will press upon the top of

page_text: the inverted cylinder n and upon the exposed portion of the valve that projects
around the piston, but it will not enter this space in the cylinder n above the
piston, so that there will be no pressure in the space and the valve will be relieved
in proportion to the areas of the piston K, and valve D respectively.
Should any portion of steam gain entrance to the space above the piston, it
immediately passes through the port to the exhaust or to the open air so that it is
impossible to obtain any pressure upon the piston.
The respective areas of surface exposed to steam pressure in the valve piston and
the cup cylinder n are proportioned according to the amount of pressure to be
taken from the main valve.
1
This relieves the pressure on the main valve, but it is evident that the pressure.
thus taken off the valve is only transferred to the supplemental piston, because the
cylinder rests upon the supplemental piston and the pressure comes on top of the
cylinder to press the supplemental piston downward.
The simplest method of relieving the supplemental piston of this pressure is to
make a port or opening in the valve chamber above each hollow head of the
supplemental piston so as to connect the interior of the chamber with the open
air at such a point that each opening will be covered by the moving piston during
its entire stroke, and thus prevent the escape of the steam: The combined area
of these openings being equal to the area of the top of the cup-cylinder, the upward
pressure of the steam in the hollow piston will counteract the downward pressure
upon the cylinder, thus balancing the valve and piston both horizontally and
vertically throughout the entire length of their stroke.
By this arrangement the valve is free to lift when the pressure underneath it
exceeds the pressure above it, because the piston can move upward in the cylinder.
If the valve or any of its connections with the engine become detached or
broken the momentum of the engine will continue to move the piston until the
resistance and friction stops it; in which case the pressure in the cup-cylinder
will lift the slide-valve from the seat and fill the engine cylinder with steam.
To ensure an easy motion of the supplemental piston and at the same time
preserve a tight joint between the steam space and the opening b², I place a packing
ring 68, around each piston and on each side of the opening.
When the ends of the supplemental piston are solid and the piston is moved by
steam either through the medium of an auxiliary valve or otherwise, I provide a
recess under each end of the supplemental piston, the combined areas of which
are equal to the area of the cylinder, so that the live steam will fill this recess d³,
and exert an upward pressure corresponding to the downward pressure on the
piston.
This arrangement is especially adapted for relieving the downward pressure when
the admission of steam to move the supplemental piston is controlled by an
auxiliary valve. I do not however confine myself to any special arrangement for
counteracting this downward pressure.
Neither do I confine myself to this particular application of my improvement
in balancing steam valves, as the piston that drives the balance valve may be a
slide valve working in a recess in the underside of the steam chest cover, and the
supplemental piston chamber will then be dispensed with, such supplemental valve
may be driven also directly by steam, or by mechanical connections.
To provide for moving the valve by hand I fix on the head of the piston F
a short rod m' so that it projects and works through the cylinder head, and then
fix on the outside of the head a short hand lever m² the end of which is forked
to embrace and be connected with a stud m³ on the end of the rod m²:
The end of the supporting bracket N', to which the hand lever is pivoted, has
a swivel connection with the fixed part N³, so that the lever can be unshipped from
the rod when the valve is working under steam pressure. This construction is
clearly shown in Figure 17 and the two positions of the hand lever when in and out
of action are also illustrated 15, 17, 18, 19.
To connect the rod m³, with the end of the supplemental valve-actuating slide

page_text: on piston F. I can employ the T head bolt and fastening such as I provide in
the hand lever attachment hereinafter described, the T head being formed on the
end of the rod m' and the recesses slot and stops being made in the head of the
piston E.
By bringing the lever into a horizontal position, the forked end can be
engaged with the pin on the rod m³, and the valve thrown over to start the
engine.
My improved adjustable steam cut-off is a separate instrument and may be
applied to any steam engine with good results but it is more particularly adapted
to a direct acting pumping engine.
In Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings the cut-off is seen in side elevation
and in Figures 18, and 19, the controlling valve, piston and cylinders and the cut-off
valve are shown in section and in side elevation.
P₁, is the pipe connecting the cut-off with the boiler, S is the cut-off cylinder;
S¹, is the cut-off valve-p2 is the pipe through which theam is supplied to drive
the engine, and g, is the small stuffing box through which passes the cut-off valve
rod Q.
This rod carries at the end a small piston Q², working the cylinder S³.
Y¹, is a yoke securing the cut-off and piston cylinders together, S, is a small
cylinder made or cast with cylinder S³, and in which are two ports p³ p, passing
directly through it into the cylinder S³. P4, P4, are pipes connecting ports p³, p³,
with the main engine, near each end, and through these passages the steam is
supplied to and from the main engine cylinder C, and cylinder St. E' is the
controlling valve having a small port, 25 passing through it for the purpose of
equalizing the pressure of steam at the ends of the valve, and allowing any water,
trapped at either end of the valve to pass through also.
To this controlling valve, is fastened a small valve rod T2, which passes through
the stuffing box 9'; the opposite end of the rod passes loosely through the
oscillating bearing and is provided with adjustable stops u, u.
The oscillating lever V2 pivoted at one end works on pin V, on the piston rod,
and serves to give the required stroke to the controlling valve E³, making it work
in unison with the main piston when operated by it.
By the use of these adjustable stops, u u the steam can be cut off from the
engine at any point desired, or by closing the small shut-off valves or cocks p the
cut-off becomes inoperative and the engine will be driven by live steam throughout
its entire length of stroke.
When two steam engines are employed, (as in duplex pumping engines) by
simply connecting the secondary engine by a steam supply pipe with the cut off valve
cylinder of my improved cut-off, the steam will be cut off from both engines
simultaneously, and each will finish its stroke by the expansive power of the steam.
The operation of this improved cut-off is as follows.
When the main piston is just commencing its stroke, the controlling valve of the
cut-off is in the position shown in Figure 18. Steam enters the main port of the
engine and drives the main piston to the right, when said main piston, through its
intermediate mechanism, comes in contact with the adjustable stop, it carries the
controlling valve along with it.
When the piston has passed the center of its stroke the controlling valve closes
the port p and opens the port p*.
3
The steam from the engine cylinder now passes by the valve under the piston Q',
and closes the cut-off valve S
Steam also passes through the small port p5 in the controlling valve and thus
the valve is balanced. This position will be seen in the dotted lines Figure 18.
The main piston now completes its stroke by the expansive power of the steam
and, as the pressure decreases, the speed of the pump decreases also; the pump
valves seat quietly, and the pump in the vacuum end fills with water.
All shock and jar are thus avoided.
When the main piston is near the end of its stroke, the main valve is reversed

page_text: and the steam is exhausted from the cut-off cylinder out with the main exhaust
of the engine. The main piston now commences its return stroke and the operation
just described is repeated.
In applying the hand lever attachment Figure 15 I pivot at one side of the frame
an arm or lever B², so that by applying power to the free end or handle, the lever
can be moved back and forth on its end as a center (Figures: 15 and 16).
And upon the piston rod C³, I fix a block in which is a socket to receive the
part J, of the right angle wrist-pin.
On the side of the lever next to the piston rod, I provide bearings or lugs to
receive and form guides and bearings for the cross-pin or rod J', of this wrist-pin.
Thus by means of the bearings K³ and clamp K, K, with its socket the right
angle pin is connected with and forms the attachment between the lever and the
piston rod C².
As the wrist pin is connected with and carried by the lever and has also a
bearing in the block, it must be free to turn in its bearings and to have also a loose
connection with the lever so that it may slide freely and give no lateral strain or
unequal pressure of the parts in their bearings. The wrist-pin J, J', therefore in
addition to its movement in a straight line has also an oscillating motion in the
bearing block.
To permit of the ready detachment of this part from the piston rod so that it
may be left free to move without carrying the lever with it, I divide the block into
two parts K, K³, longitudinally through the hole or socket, that receives the piston
rod, and then by means of the hollow-screw threaded sleeve j³, with a hand nut j
on the outer end I draw and hold the two parts together around the rod.
This sleeve serves as a socket for the wrist-pin.
The screw threaded portion of the sleeve ³, works in the part K³, of the block
or clamp but the smooth portion which extends through the remaining half or
part of the clamp is fitted loosely in it so that the two parts may be separated and
spread apart while still surrounding the rod. To hold them apart when the screw
sleeve is loosened I place upon the frame or some fixed point beneath and in line
with the block K, K³, short pin L³ with a conical or tapering head L², or nut for
turning it by hand. The end of this pin is screw threaded to work in a bearing of
like character, in the stationary part below and it is turned up or down to bring
its head up to or away from the under side of the block. A tapering hole is made
in the block between the joint or line of meeting of the parts in line with the pin
L', so that when brought into position over the pin the conical head will be forced
in between the parts by turning up the screw-pin to separate them when the screw
sleeve is loosened. When thus separated the piston rod will be left free to move
through the block while the lever and the parts will be locked and held at rest by
the pin.
I also insure the attachment of the block K, K³, to the piston rod when clamped
together around it by forming a small groove n' in the circumference of the piston
rod into which a small projection n² on the inner side of the hole through the
block is caused to fit and thus prevent the rod from slipping through the block.
When the parts are separated to release the piston rod they will be sprung
out by the pin a sufficient distance to bring the projection out of the slot or
groove..
In Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, (Sheet 2) are shown my improved pump and the
construction and application of parts relating to and connected with it.
In my improved pump shown in Figure 5, and following Figures: on Sheet 2.
A, is the pumping cylinder and B, is the shell or case inside of which the water
chambers and valve mechanism of the pumps are contained. This shell or case with its
partitions I cast in one piece with the cylinder and with openings on one side
which are closed by suitable caps or covers when the valve seats and valves are
fixed in place.
The partitions A which separate the chambers of the pump are inclined so that

page_text: each set upon one side of the vertical wall or partition A³ that divides one set from
the other, has its inclined partitions parallel.
These partitions slope downwards from the central dividing-wall towards the
sides of the case on both sides so that after the shell and partitions have been cast
the valve-seats in both partitions in each end of the case can be bored out and
finished by means of a suitable cutter, operated from the outside through the hole
or wall opening a*.
This hole is made in the shell immediately over and in line with the valve seat
opening and just large enough to admit the shank of the tool and after passing the
shank through it, the cutter head is fixed and secured to the end inside the shell
through the open side of the case and then by power applied to the outer end of
the shank, the tool will rapidly bore out and finish the valve seat openings first in
the upper partition and then in the one immediately below.
As both partitions are parallel with each other their openings can be finished in
a true and accurate manner.
The arrangement for placing and holding the valve in position is as follows,
In casting the case or shell, I form a socket B', in the closed side of each chamber
directly in line with the middle of the valve and near the the top of the chamber
to receive the rod B2, to which the valve guide is attached. One end of the rod
with the valves on it is introduced into the chamber through the side opening, and
inserted in the socket B, as the valve is placed upon its seat and the outer end of
the rod is left to project through the opening in the side of the case; then by
fitting the cap or cover on the side over the opening, I hold and support the outer
end of the rod.
For this purpose shallow sockets B³, are also provided on the inside of the cover
in the proper position to receive the outer ends of these rods: so that in placing
the cover, the ends of the rods are first introduced into the sockets and then the
cover is pressed to its place to bring the rod to a horizontal position and press the
springs upon the valve.
The valves are fixed in pairs to and along each side of a tube, or sleeve and then
by means of the single rod, the whole set of valves is secured in place without
other fastenings.
This tube A³, carries laterally projecting lugs in the ends of which all the valve
stops A6, are threaded to receive the valve guides A³, by which each valve can be
adjusted separately of the others.
The springs A, are long enough to press the outer end of the rod upward
slightly above its proper position when the opposite end of the rod is secured in
its socket.
This arrangement enables me to readily remove and replace the valves as it is
only necessary to remove the cap or cover and withdraw or insert the rods with
their attached valves.
When several valves are required to be secured in a line with each other a single
rod supported in the above manner can be used for all of them.
In applying the drain or relief valve I make a hole or orifice D³, horizontally
through the upright partition of the pump.
I then make a port or passage D³, leading from the discharge chamber of the
pump down through the upright partition and connect it with the horizontal
passage.
I then make another and independent port or passage D' leading from the
horizontal passage, near its opposite end down into the suction chamber of the
pump.
In the opposite end of the horizontal passage on the outside of the pump, I
screw a plug D, through which a hole tapped with a screw thread is made, and
through this hole a screw rod D6, passes. On the end of this rod which projects
into the orifice is a valve D', that fits in the horizontal passage and between the
two vertical passages D³, D4, so as to cut off communication between them.
A hand wheel D³, on the outer end of the rod then serves to turn the rod and

page_text: move the valve. When the pump has been stopped, the valve can be moved back
by turning the hand-wheel and rod so as to uncover the vertical passage D³, and
allow the water to pass through the horizontal passage or orifice from one vertical
port or passage to the other, thus draining the discharge chamber of the pump into
the suction.
By substituting a stuffing-box for the plug and using a smooth rod for the screw
rod I can place a weighted lever D, shewn at Fig. 2 so as to press against the end
of the valve rod and counteract any given pressure against the piston or valve in
the horizontal passage.
By such construction I convert this device into an automatic relief valve to
prevent any unusual strain or pressure in the discharge chamber, or pipe, for the
valve can be weighted to yield to any required pressure and allow a portion of
water to pass it and be discharged into the suction.
To secure the covers to the side opening, on the pump I employ a short bolt W₁,
with a T head on the inner end and in the metal of the pump case behind the rim
of the cover I form a recess which presents on the surface simply a rectangular.
slot V, of a size to readily take in the T lead W2, of the bolt but at the bottom of
the slot it affords a recess which allows the bolt when inserted in it to be turned
across the line of the slot.
To control the movement of the bolt head I form in this recess four stops 8¹, 81,
,, two of which are in line with the sides of the slot while the other two are
substantially at right angles to it.
Two of these stops st, st, hold the bolt in position and prevent its turning while
the nut on the outside of the cover is being screwed down; while the other
two tt, bring the head into line with the slot when the bolt is turned back in
loosening the cover, so that the T head can be readily drawn out of the slot by
simply turning the bolt a part of a revolution in a backward direction.
By this means, the cover can be easily detached and lifted out of place without
removing the bolts from it.
This device is important as providing a substitute for the usual screw or swing
bolts usually employed for this purpose, which in pumps of this character are a
source of trouble and annoyance especially when they are used in mining operations
below the surface of the ground in dark and confined locations.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my Invention and in what
manner the same is or may be performed:-
:-
I claim as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent.
1. In a compound engine the mode' or method of moving the main valve of the
high and low pressure engines, consisting in supplying steam to move the main
valve of both the engines by means of mechanism controlled by the piston of the
high pressure engine.
2. Also, in a compound engine a single auxiliary valve E, arranged and applied
to operate to move the main valves of all the engines, substantially as described
and shown..
:
3. Also, in a compound: condensing engine, the manner of connecting the main-
valve chamber directly with the condenser without connecting with any other
exhaust pipe or passage, substantially as described and shown.
4. Also, the exhaust ports or passages leading from the supplemental piston into
the condenser and provided with a cock, substantially as described and shown.
5. Also, the yoke or cross head connecting the piston rod of the high and low
pressure engine and the adjustable stops on the rod of the low pressure engine for
the purpose described.
6. Also, in a pumping engine connecting the suction of the pump or pumps with
the water-way of the condenser so that the water raised by the pump or pumps is
drawn into and caused to circulate through the condenser, substantially as described
and shown.
7. Also, in a pumping engine connecting the exhaust of the engine and the
suction of the pump with a condenser in such manner that when in operation a

page_text: vacuum is formed and maintained in the interior of the condenser on both sides of
the tubes, tube sheets and other partitions that separate the condensing space from
the water-way of the condenser, substantially as described and shown.
8. Also, the combination of the pumps the engine cylinders each having the valve
chamber and valves the condenser having the exhaust of the engine and the suction
of the pump respectively connected therewith, and the auxiliary valve all applied
to operate substantially as described and shown.
9. Also, in combination with the low pressure engine having its valve moved by
steam pressure derived from the high pressure engine; the secondary steam supply
pipe having a cock, substantially as described and shown.
10. Also, combining in a condenser a series of tubes supported at one or both
ends in a tube sheet moveable in a stuffing box inside of the case or shell, and the
gland or follower having adjusting screws that extend through the outer head of
the condenser, substantially as described and shown.
11. Also, the manner of connecting the hot well of the condenser with the cold
water space of the condenser and with the boiler, by means of the pipes having
cocks placed between the air pump and the boiler, for the purpose described and
shown.
12. Also, the pump case or shell having the upright partitions and parallel
inclined partitions arranged relatively to each other and to the case, when the said
case and partitions are all cast in one pièce and provided with openings at the top,
through which access can be had for boring out and finishing the valve seats,
substantially as described and shown.
13. Also, the improvement in mounting valves upon valve seats consisting in
connecting the upper ends of their guide spindles to a transverse rod, the ends of
which are supported by bearings in the sides of the valve chamber, substantially
as described and shown.
14. Also, the transverse passage connecting with the discharge chamber of the
pump through the vertical passage, and also connecting with the suction chamber
of the pump through another and independent vertical passage in combination
with the valve or piston arranged to move in the horizontal passage and open or
close communication between the vertical passages, substantially as specified.
15. Also, in combination with one or more sets of valve and valve guides, the
tube having the projecting stops to receive the ends of the guides the rod adapted
to support the tube and the sockets in the sides of the pump case and the cover to
receive the ends of the rod, substantially as described.
16. Also, combining in and with a steam pump the relief valve having the stem
and weight for adjusting the pressure, substantially as described and shown.
17. Also, the combination with the pump cylinder of a sediment collector,
placed below the bottom of the cylinder at each end thereof, and provided with a
discharge cock, substantially as described.
18. Also, the slotted recesses having internal stops and the bolt, with a T, head
adapted to enter and be turned within said recess, substantially as described and
shown as a means of fastening and holding the cover on the opening in the pump
case.
19. The improvement in balancing slide valves consisting in transferring the
steam pressure from the valve to a supplemental slide or piston valve and then
counteracting this pressure upon the supplemental valve by applying steam pressure
against its corresponding area of surface, a counter direction, to the transferred
steam pressure, substantially as described and shown.
20. The inverted cup shaped cylinder attached to the horizontally moving
supplemental piston in combination with the slide valve with its piston fitting in
the cylinder and having the space above it connected with the exhaust or open air
by a passage, substantially as described.
21. An adjustable steam cut-off adapted to be connected by pipes to the steam
engine and boiler, and having a controlling valve which is connected with and
operated by the main piston, substantially as described and shown.

page_text: 22. Also, the cut off instrument and pipes in combination with pipe, substan-
tially as described and shown.
23. Also, the small port through the controlling valve and cylinder having the
ports connecting it with the said valve combined together, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
24. Also, the cut off valve cylinder and the piston cylinder connected together
by the yoke, the valves and the pistons and the openings to connect the instru-
ment with the boiler and engine all combined together, substantially as described
for the purpose set forth.
25. Also, the adjustable stops to regulate the movements and action of the
valve rod, substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
.
26. Also, in combination with the pivoted oscillating lever and the reciprocating
rod, the right angle oscillating reciprocating pin and connected with the two parts
by the bearings, adapted to slide in one, and to oscillate in the other of the said
bearings, substantially as described.
27. Also, the screw pin or wedge for spreading apart and holding the clamp
substantially as described.
28. Also, the combination of the oscillating reciprocating pin, the oscillating
lever and its guide the piston rod clamp and the screw pin or wedge substantially
as described.
In witness whereof I the said William Davis Hooker have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Thirtieth day of January in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
WILLIAM DAVIS HOOKER. (L.S.)