IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING PURPLE AND BLUE COLOURING MATTERS."
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Phillips, of Offord Road, Barnsbury, in
the County of Middlesex, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING PURPLE AND BLUE COLOURING MATTERS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1866.
I, GEORGE PHILLIPS, of Offord Road, Barnsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Analytical. Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING PURPLE AND BLUE COLOURING
MATTERS," to be as follows:-
I take rosaniline or any suitable salt of rosaniline, such as the acetate, and
mix it with the acetate- or other suitable salt or oxide of the following sub-
stances,.. viz., lead, copper, zinc, silver, iron,. tin, cobalt, strontia, baryta,
magnesia, lime, alumina, and to this I add aniline, and when the whole is
well mixed together I add acetic, benzoic, or other suitable organic acid, and
heat the mass until the desired purple or blue colour is formed. Of the sub-

page_text: stances above named to be used for the production of colour I prefer lead and
baryta, and of the acids to be employed acetic, and I give the following as an
instance of the way I proceed to produce the colours, remarking that I have
by repeated experiments found that the proportions answer well for lead and
baryta, and will produce successful results with the rest of the substances
named-I take one part by weight of litharge or protoxide of lead, and two
parts of aniline, and I mix these well together, and then add sufficient acetic
acid to form a thick pasty and nearly solid mass of the two salts formed.
To this I add one part by weight of rosaniline or acetate of rosaniline, and
heat the whole together up to a temperature of 400° Fahrenheit, when the
colour will be produced. The time required to produce the colour will
depend in some measure on the mass to be acted on, but with small quantities
about one hour is sufficient; the blue requiring a somewhat longer time than
the purple. To purify the mass for a pure blue, when lead is used, I dissolve
in acetic acid and dilute with water, and boil until all the lead and red and
purple colour are dissolved out and the blue precipitated. When baryta is
used I treat the mass with dilute hydrochloric acid, and boil the same until
the baryta and red and purplo colour are dissolved out and the blue colour
precipitated, which may then be collected, and will be fit for dyeing when
dissolved in acetified methylated spirit or other suitable solvent.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th September 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
PHILLIPS, of Offord Road, Barnsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Analytical
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George Phillips, Her special licence that I, the said George
Phillips, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Phillips, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might

page_text: make,. use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN. PREPARING PURPLE, AND. BLUE COLORING MATTERS," upon the
condition (amongst others); that L. the said George Phillips, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that the said George Phillips, do hereby declare
the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof:
.or
In carrying out my Invention of" Improvements in Preparing Purple and
Blue Coloring Matters," I take rosaniline or any suitable salt of rosaniline,
such as the hydrochlorate or acetate, and mix it with the acetate or other
suitable salt
oxide of the following substances,, às lead, copper, zinc, silver,
iron, cobalt, strontia, baryta, magnesia, lime, alumina, and to this I add:
aniline, and when the whole is well mixed together I add'acetic,, benzoic,. or
other suitable organic acid, and heat the mass until the desired purple or blue
color is formed.. Of the substances above named to be used for the production of
color I prefer lead and baryta, and of the acids to be employed. acetic, and I
give the following as an instance of the way I proceed. to produce the colors,
remarking that I have by repeated experiments found that the proportions
answer well for lead and baryta, and will produce successful results with the
rest of the substances named :-I take one part by weight of litharge or
protoxide of lead, and two parts of aniline, and I mix these well together, and
then add sufficient acetic acid to form a thick pasty and nearly solid mass of
the two salts formed. To this I add one part by weight of rosaniline," or
hydrochlorate, or acetate of rosaniline, and heat the whole together up
temperature from three hundred and forty degrees to three hundred and
seventy degrees, but not, to exceed four hundred degrees Fahrenheit, when
the color will be produced: The time required. to produce the color will
depend in some measure on the mass to be acted on, but with small quantities
about one hour is sufficient; the blue requiring a somewhat longer time than
the purple. To purify the mass for a pure blue, when lead is used, I dissolve
the mass in acetic acid, and dilute with water, and boil until all the lead and red
to a

page_text: and purple color are dissolved out and the blue is precipitated. When baryta
is used I treat the mass with dilute hydrochloric acid, and boil the same until
the baryta and red and purple color are dissolved out, and the blue color pre-
cipitated, which may then be collected, and will be fit for dyeing when
dissolved in acetified methylated spirit or other suitable solvent.
.....
By varying the above proportions and temperatures any desired shade of
color from a red mauve to a deep blue violet or nearly pure blue may be
obtained.
:
Having now stated the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would observe that I am aware that aniline
red dye and aniline have been heated together, without admixture of any other
substance, to form purple and blue color, as in 'Girard's Patent, but the
quantity of purple and blue color thus produced from the same weight of any
kind of aniline red dye, say, the acetate and aniline, is very inferior in weight
to that produced by the Invention herein described, and the difference is so great
that a properly conducted experiment with test tubes renders the fact palpable
to the eye in a short time. Beyond this a further and still' more marked
(difference may be shown to exist between the two processes above referred to.
Thus, make pure hydrochlorate of rosaniline by dissolving rosaniline in pure
hydrochloric acid, and evaporating off the excess of acid in a water bath.
Take five parts of this hydrochlorate of rosaniline, and add five parts of pure'
commercial aniline (that is, aniline free from organic acids), and heat the mass'
to a temperature of three hundred and forty degrees Fahrenheit for three
hours. Dissolve, without purification, and dye wool with this, and the wool
will be dyed of a dull red, somewhat approaching a snuff color. Before this
treatment the hydrochlorate of rosaniline, made as herein described, 'will 'dye
wool of a bright red color. Secondly, take five parts of the same hydro-
chlorate of rosaniline herein referred to, and five parts of the same aniline
also herein referred to, and add to these ten parts of hydrate of baryta, and
ten parts of glacial acetic acid, and heat as before. A purple color will now
be formed, and which without any purification will, when dissolved, dye wool
a purple color.
..
A convenient and convincing mode of making these comparative experi-
ments is to place the two vessels containing the different mixtures in the
same oil bath, and submit them to the same temperature (three hundred and
forty degrees Fahrenheit) for the same length of time, and the marked dif-
ference in the result of the two processes will be evident.
.
I, therefore, claim as new in the above-described process the use of the

page_text: various substances above named when combined and used in the manner and
for the purposes herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Phillips, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
GEORGE PHILLIPS. (L.s.)