IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Theiler and Meinrad Theiler, both of
No. 86, Canonbury Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Telegraph Engineers, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
Sealed the 31st March 1876, and dated the 16th November 1875.
-PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Theiler and
Meinrad Theiler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 16th November 1875.
We, RICHARD THEILER and MEINRAD THEILER, both of No. 86,
Canonbury Road, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Telegraph
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “İm-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class of telegraphic instruments generally
termed polarized relays.
A soft iron spindle, to the end of which a soft iron bar is firmly fixed
crossways, is pivotted in a perpendicular position between two jewelled

page_text: centres, turning thus very easily on its axis. The poles of an electro-
magnet face the two extremities of the armature at a distance which can
be increased or diminished by merely turning a screw or nut. The soft
iron armature is permanently magnetized by placing one pole of a steel
magnet in close proximity to the iron spindle or axle. The other pole
of the steel magnet may be fixed to the sole of the electro-magnet, or
merely screwed to the board of the instrument.
In each case the two extremities of the armature will be equally
attracted to both poles of the electro-magnet as long as no current
passes through the latter; but, as soon as a current is sent through the
electro-magnet the two similar poles of the armature will be faced by a
south and a north pole of the electro-magnet; one end of the armature
will therefore be attracted, the other repelled. By sending reversed
currents through the electro-magnet the armature will alternately fly to
one and then to the other pole of the electro-magnet. To apply this
motion of the armature to the transmission of electric signals a very light
arm is fixed to the spindle, which arm makes and breaks contact with
a local battery.
"
By constructing a relay in the described manner the electro-magnet
can be made of the most advantageous form, and, becomes therefore
extremely sensitive and rapid in its action. The adjustment of the
distance between the armature and the electro-magnet is also a great
deal more convenient and nicer than in other forms of polarized
relays.

page_text: ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Richard Theiler and Meinrad Theiler,
Her special licence that we, the said Richard Theiler and Meinrad
Theiler, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Richard Theiler and Meinrad Theiler, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands; and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Richard Theiler and Meinrad Theiler, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard Theiler and Meinrad
Theiler, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say :-
:-
This Invention relates to that class of telegraphic instruments generally
termed polarized relays, and has for its object to increase the sensitive-
ness and rapidity of action of such relays.
In carrying our Invention into practice we construct, combine, and
dispose the several parts in manner following:-The relay armaturo
consists of a soft iron bar attached crossways or at right angles to a soft
iron spindle pivotted in perpendicular position, and working between
two jewelled centres. The said armature faces the poles of an electro-
magnet, the distance between the armatures and the electro-magnet
being adjustable at pleasure by turning a screw or nut.
The said
armature or soft iron bar is permanently magnetized by placing one pole
of a magnet in close proximity to the soft iron spindle or axle, the other
pole of the magnet being arranged in any convenient position at a
distance from the polarized armature or spindle.

page_text: In an armature polarized, as above described, each end of such arma-
ture will possess poles of the same name, and will be equally
attracted to the poles of the electro-magnet as long as no current is
passing.
When a current is caused to pass through the electro-magnet the two
similar poles of the armature will be faced, one by a south and the other
by a north pole of the electro-magnet, and one end of the armature will
be attracted, and the other repelled. It will therefore be obvious that as
the direction of the current through the electro-magnet is changed, so
will the position of the armature be altered. The said armature is
arranged to make and break contact with a local battery when it is
desired to transmit electric signals.
Fig. 1 is a pran view, and Fig. 4 is a side elevation of electie telegrap
apparatus constructed under our Invention.
Like letters denote the same parts in both views.
a is the armature attached to the spindle 6 working between the
jewelled centres c; d is one pole of the polarizing magnet placed close
to the spindle or axle 6; e is the other pole led away to a distance from
b. Facing the armature a are the poles f, f¹, of an electro-magnet,
through which the line current passes. The electro-magnet f, f¹, is
attached to the frame y free to slide on the base h. The position of the
frame, and with it the electro-magnet, is adjusted by means of the screw
and nut operating through the standard j. It will therefore be
obvious that as the nut i is caused to turn in one or other direction
the electro-magnet will be caused to approach or recede from the
armature.
From the above description it will be seen that as the north pole d of
the polarizing magnet is placed near to the spindle or axle b, the centre
of the armature a will have a south polarity, whilst the ends have a
north polarity. If therefore a current is passed through the electro-
magnet, causing f to have a north polarity and f¹ a south polarity
the end of the armature opposite f will be attracted, and the end
opposite f¹ repelled; when the current is reversed the opposite action
will take place, being repelled and f¹ attracted, the armature being
thus caused to vibrate as desired.

page_text: In the Drawings a contact maker and breaker k is shown attached to
the armature spindle 6, the stops being connected to a local battery;
m are tension springs for adjusting the contact maker in the zero
position..
Having now described and illustrated our said Invention, so that
others will be enabled to carry our improvements into effect, we
claim,―
First. The arrangement and combination of the parts a, b, c, d, and e,
constructed and operating substantially as set forth.
Second. In combination with a relay armature polarized as above
described, the adjustable electro-magnets ƒ, ƒ¹.
Third. The arrangement and combination of the parts f,f', g, h, i,
and substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard Theiler and Meinrad
Theiler, have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twelfth
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
RICHARD THEILER. (L.S.)
MEINRAD THEILER. (L.S.)