IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES FOR SPINNING MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES FOR SPINNING MACHINES
AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."-A communication from
abroad by David Hall Rice, of Lowell, Massachusetts, United States
of America.
Sealed the 14th January 1873, and dated the 4th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th October 1872.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES FOR SPINNING
MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," a communication, to be
as follows:-
This Invention with the exception of the part relating to the device
for excluding dust, fibre, and dirt from the bolster and the part relating

page_text: to the mode of attaching the bolsters to the rails of frames which are
applicable to all kinds of spindles and bolsters, relates to that class of
spindles known as dead and live spindles, in which the live spindle
revolves about the dead spindle upon an upper and lower bearing at the
top and lower end of the dead spindle, and also has a bearing the entire
length of the dead spindle if it be desired.
The first part of this Invention consists in making the live spindle
hollow for about one half its length from the rail of the frame upward
and securing the dead spindle and its bolster in the rail, causing it to
extend but half the length or thereabouts of the live spindle upwards
within it, and placing a bearing at the top of the dead spindle which
supports the live spindle and on which it turns. The upper half of the
live spindle is made solid and of the form and size of an ordinary spindle.
The live spindle may, if desired, be made hollow throughout its entire
length, and the upper bearing may be placed midway within it, as
described. The live spindle is adjusted to the dead spindle by a bushing
or bolster at its bottom end, which revolves against the dead spindle and
separates the live and dead spindles between the said bolster and the step
at the top of the dead spindle which receives the upper bearing above
described. The lower end of the live spindle projects into an oil reservoir
at the rail of the frame formed in the bolster of the dead spindle, which
contains oil for lubricating the spindle. A whorl for driving the live
spindle in the ordinary way is attached to the live spindle just above
this oil reservoir.
The second part of the said Invention consists in forming the lower
bolster or bushing above described, and also the step at the top of the
dead spindle, of pieces of metal, separate from the live and dead spindles
to which they are attached, so that when worn they may be removed
and replaced without injury to the live and dead spindles; thus I am
enabled to use the live and dead spindles with several successive sets of
bushings and steps.
The third part of the said Invention consists in forming a well at the
bottom of the lower oil reservoir, in which the lower end of the live
spindle revolves and which it nearly fills, so that a part of the said well
shall be below the live spindle; and in connecting the bottom of the
said well by one or more external passage ways with the reservoir above.
By this contrivance a constant flow of oil will be maintained from the

page_text: reservoir through the outside passage ways to the bottom of the well
beneath the live spindle to fill it as fast as the rotation of the live
spindle throws out the oil into the reservoir above.
The fourth part of the said Invention consists in forming on the out-
side periphery of the lower face of the whorl an annular projection
tapering downward and inward, and in forming on the upper surface of
the oil reservoir below the whorl a second annular projection larger than
the first, tapering on its inside face upward and outward to correspond
with the taper of the other; the tapering faces of these projections
will be about one-sixteenth of an inch apart, the one on the whorl being
within the other and revolving freely with the whorl. The object of
this device is to create by the rotation of the spindle a current of air
outward from the oil reservoir through the annular space between the
taper rings and blow off all dust, dirt, and foreign matter from the oil
reservoir, keeping the oil within it at all times purc.
The fifth part of the said Invention consists in the combination of a
screw placed horizontally in the upper part of the lower oil reservoir
above the surface of the oil within it with a ring in a horizontal plane
attached to the spindle, so that its upper face engages with the inner
end of the screw and prevents the live spindle being lifted from the dead
spindle until the screw is withdrawn.
The sixth part of the said Invention consists in a passage way through
the side of the dead spindle and through the step at the upper end of the
dead spindle leading from the space between the dead and live spindles
to the extreme point of the pin or upper bearing on which the live
spindle rests and turns, so that when the dead and live spindles are
adjusted tɔ carry oil from the lower reservoir to the top of the dead
spindle the oil will find its way through the said passage way to the point
of the upper bearing and lubricate every part of the same effectually.
The seventh part of the said Invention consists in so adjusting the
upper and lower bearings of the live spindle that it shall revolve upon
the said bearings free from and without touching the dead spindle and
yet shall bo near enough to it on all sides to carry up the oil by its
otation from the lower oil reservoir to the upper bearing and top of the
lead spindle to lubricate the upper bearing.
The eighth part of the said Invention consists in a spiral left-hand
bread or ridge of metal fornud around the dead spindle within the live

page_text: spindle above the lower bearing for about an inch on the length of the
dead spindle, a space being left above it between the dead and live
spindles by cutting away the former. As the live spindle turns the oil
is pressed up into the upper part of its chamber by coming in contact
with this spiral ridge as it is carried round between the dead and live
spindles; the whole or a greater part of the weight of the live spindle is
sustained by this pressure of oil, and the same is thereby caused to run more
easily and with less wear. The length of the spiral thread and the space
above it to the top of the dead spindle should be so proportioned as to
just support the live spindle without raising it from the dead spindle.
The ninth part of the said Invention consists in interposing a jacket
or tube of india-rubber or other suitable clastic material between the
bolster of the spindle and the dead spindle, or between the bolster and
the rail of the spinning frame, to isolate the bolster from the dead
spindle or from the rail in other kinds of spindles. The 'object of this
device is to prevent the communication of the vibration of the rail to the
spindle and the wear of the spindle and bolster.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special
licence that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert Lake,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,

page_text: the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINDLES FOR SPINNING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,”
a communication to me from abroad by David Hall Rice, of Lowell,
Massachusetts, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings forming a part of this Specification:-
This Invention relates to improvements in spindles for spinning
machines, and in apparatus connected therewith.
It relates, first, to the combination of a compound live spindle partly
hollow and partly solid with a dead or stationary spindle so as to secure
the greatest possible strength and lightness in the live spindle with the
smallest bearings, as well as a perfect balancing of the live spindle on
the dead spindle and consequent steadiness of revolution. Instead of
making the live spindle partly hollow and partly solid it may be made
of a single tube, with the upper step or bearing for the dead spindle
placed within it so as to balance it properly.
Secondly. To forming the bushing or bolster of the live spindle at its
lower end, and also the step on which it revolves at its upper end, of
separate pieces of metal, so that when worn they may be removed from
the live and dead spindles and replaced with new ones at a trifling cost
without injury to the live and dead spindles.
Thirdly. To forming a well or compartment at the bottom of the oil
reservoir below the lower end of the live spindle and connecting the said
well or compartment by passage ways with the upper section or com-
partment of the oil reservoir, so that a constant supply of oil shall be
maintained below the lower end of the live spindle unaffeted by the

page_text: centrifugal force created by its rotation. This lower compartment may be
formed by a tube about the lower end of the live spindle, or by dividing
the interior of the reservoir by a horizontal plate at the lower end of the
live spindle, having a hole cut in it for the reception of the latter.
In some cases the well may be made entirely below the live spindle in
the reservoir and without the connecting passage ways.
Fourthly. To forming on the outside periphery of the lower edge of
the whirl an annular surface, tapering from within outward, and com-
bining with it a corresponding annular tapering surface on the oil
reservoir about its mouth, leaving a small space between the tapering 1
surface of the whirl and the tapering surface of the reservoir, whereby a
constant current of air will be created when the live spindle is revolved,
and floating fibres of dirt, cotton, and other matter will be repelled from
the reservoir. The taper on the whirl may be upward and outward on
its outside, or downward and outward on its inside lower edge, provided ]
the corresponding annular taper of the bolster is kept in the relative
position described.
'
Fifthly. To providing suitable passage ways through the dead spindle
from the space between that and the live spindle to the point of the
upper bearing or step on which the live spindle revolves, so that the 2
step may be at all times fully lubricated by oil flowing through the passage
ways. Should the step form a part of the dead spindle and project
upward into its bushing in the live spindle the passage ways for lubri-
cating it will be made in the bushing of the live spindle from the space
between that and the dead spindle to the point of the step; or it may be 2
made through the centre of the step to its extreme point.
Sixthly. To adjusting the upper and lower bearings of the live spindle
so that it shall revolve upon these bearings free from and not touching
the dead spindle and yet near enough to it on all sides to carry up the
oil by its rotation from the oil reservoir to the upper bearing and top of 3
the dead spindle to lubricate the upper bearing, thus avoiding all friction
from contact of the live and dead spindles between their bearings.
Seventhly. To a spiral groove, thread, or ridge formed around the
dead spindle within the live spindle above the lower bearing, to the left
or right, according as the spindle may run in either direction. The live 3
spindle is closed at the top over the upper end of the dead spindle, and

page_text: upper bearing and the position of the bobbin upon it. The spindle A is
fitted and designed to pass nearly through the bobbin which carries the
thread and spins it, and the upper bearing of the spindle must be so
placed as to preserve its balance and that of the bobbin when the former
is filled with yarn and in place. Should the bobbin be made to project
more above the top of the spindle the upper bearing must be made
higher to preserve its balance and the lower bearing kept near the
longitudinal centre of the bobbin and the weight of thread which it
carries.
Instead of constructing the spindle partly solid and partly hollow it
may be made of a tube having the upper spindle bearing placed as herein-
before described. The entire weight of the live spindle is sustained
upon the bearing X at the top of the dead spindle. C is the bolster and
oil reservoir of the spindle; the bolster C is secured to the rail D by any
suitable means.
The bushing & at the botton of the live spindle is made of pieces of
metal separate and removable from the live spindle, so that when
worn it may be removed and replaced by a new one; this bushing
may be made fast to the bolster C, as shown in Figure 3, or it may be
secured to the live spindle and bear against the dead spindle, as shown
in Figure 8. The bushing S of the upper spindle bearing is made
removable, so that when worn it can be replaced by a new one. This
bushing may be placed in the top of the dead spindle, as in Figure 3, or
be secured in the live spindle, as in Figures 2 and 4. o is a well or
compartment formed at the bottom of the oil reservoir C about the dead
spindle. A passage or passages i, i, lead from the oil reservoir to the
bottom of the well permitting oil to flow into the well beneath the live
spindle and furnish oil to be carried up within it; the well o may be
formed as in Figure 3 by a sleeve dividing it from the remainder of the
reservoir, or it may be formed at the bottom of the reservoir as in
Figure 8; in the latter case the passage way i may in some cases bo
dispensed with. F is the whirl, having on its lower edge the annular
taper surface on the projection a; this surface tapers downward and
inward from the periphery of the whirl. In the top of the reservoir C
is formed an annular cup, having its inside vertical surface tapered to
correspond with the taper of the whirl; the cup is made large enough to
receive the tapering part of the whirl and leave a small space between
the parts, as shown in Figure 3; the whirl and live spindle being

page_text: revolved create a constant current of air outward from the oil reservoir
between their tapering parts which repels floating cotton and dust from
the reservoir; the reservoir is supplied with oil through the passage f.
r is a passage way through the dead spindle to allow the oil brought up
between the dead and live spindles to flow to the upper bearing X at its
extreme end and lubricate it more perfectly than it would otherwise do;
the passage way r may be constructed as shown in Figure 3, or as in
Figures 2 and 4.
The upper and lower bearings X and d of the live spindle are so
adjusted that the live and dead spindles do not come in contact between
the bearings but are near enough to each other to carry up oil from the
lower reservoir to the upper bearing and lubricate the latter. I have
found that a space of the one-hundreth part of an inch between the live
and dead spindles will answer well, but any other space may be used
which will accomplish the desired result. When adjusted in this
manner all friction of the spindle between its bearings is prevented
while the oil is properly carried up by it to lubricate the upper bearing.
In Figures 5, 6, and 7 the spiral left-hand thread or ridge of metal c
is formed on the dead spindle above the lower bearing. The live spindle
is closed at the top over the upper end of the dead spindle so that no oil
can escape. The size and length of the spiral c is graduated, so that
when the live spindle is rotated on its bearings the oil rising within it
will be pressed upward to the top of the dead spindle and support a
large portion of the weight of the live spindle, causing less wear of the
bearings and a smooth and steady revolution of the spindle. Instead of
the spiral e being formed on the dead spindle it may be formed within
the live spindle. The spiral c should be made left or right hand according
to the way the spindle is made to run so as to carry up the oil properly.
P, Figure 8, is a tube or jacket of india-rubber or other suitable
elastic material, placed in a cavity in the shank of the bolster O between
the dead spindle B and the bolster; the dead spindle is forced through
its centre so as to be firmly held in place by the compression of the
rubber. Above the india-rubber the bolster is made to fit closely about
the dead spindle to support it at the bottom of the oil reservoir, and an
intervening packing of gutta percha or other suitable oil tight material
may be used at the upper end of the rubber tube P to prevent the contact
of the oil in the reservoir with the india-rubber.

page_text: If desired the tube or jacket of india-rubber may be placed between
the bolster and the rail instead of within the former.
The elastic jacket or packing P prevents the vibration of the dead
spindle B under the jar of the live spindle when running, and also
prevents the jar of the frame being communicated to the live spindle
and impairing the steadiness of its rotation.
Having thus fully described the said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,—
First. The compound spindle, composed of the parts A, B, con- 1
structed and combined substantially as described.
Second. The removable bushing & combined with the oil reservoir or
the lower end of the spindle, as described.
Third. The removable bushing S combined with the upper spindle
bearing, as described.
Fourth. The live spindle A having its upper bearing which rests at
the top of the dead spindle B placed within it at the proper point to
establish the balance of the spindle and the bobbin which it carries, and
intermediate between its upper and lower ends, as described.
r
1
Fifth. The well or chamber o arranged with reference to the oil 2
chamber and live spindle, substantially as described.
Sixth. The annular taper part of the whirl in combination with the
corresponding annular taper sided cup of the oil reservoir, as described.
Seventh. The passage way r in the dead spindle or bushing S con-
necting the space between the dead and live spindles and the upper 2
spindle bearing X, as described.
Eighth. The combination of the dead and live spindles by means of
their upper and lower bearings, so that they will not come in contact
between their bearings and yet carry up oil from the reservoir between
them to the upper bearing, as described.
Ninth. The dead spindle B provided with the spiral c in combination
with the live spindle A, having its chamber for the dead spindle closed
at the top over the latter, as described.
3

page_text: Tenth. The elastic packing P combined with the dead spindle and
bolster or the bolster and rail of the frame, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
JAMES EDWARDS,
.8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
W. ROB. LAKE. (L.S.)