IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON. WOOL. SILK. AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ralph Clegg, Mechanical Draughtsman, and James Taylor,
Mechanic, both of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING,
AND DOUBLING COTTON. WOOL. SILK. AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ralph Clegg & James
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1881.
RALPH CLEGG, Mechanical Draughtsman, and JAMES TAYLOR, Mechanic, both of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK,
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for preparing, spinning, and
doubling cotton, wool, silk, and other fibrous material, and consists in arrangements
whereby we are enabled to increase the productive power of such machinery or
apparatus aforesaid.
Our Invention consists in the employment of a frame or flyer supported at each
end in bearings carried by the framework of the machine within which it may
revolve, and provided with a wharve for receiving a band by which it may receive
rotatory motion.
One end bearing of the above named frame or flyer we form tubular, and pass
through it a rod or bar, upon which is mounted a bevel wheel turning loosely
thereon and gearing into another bevel wheel mounted so as to be capable of
turning upon a stud carried by the before named rod or bar, but placed at an angle
thereto.
The bevel wheel carried by the above named rod or bar is provided with arms
embracing the before named frame or flyer, and through which it receives rotary
motion.
Within the bosses of the before named bevel wheels we form apertures, through
which the material to be spun or doubled passes.

page_text: The bobbin upon which the material is to be wound after being spun or doubled
is carried upon a stud or tube extending inwards from one end of the before
named frame or flyer, and rests upon a collar placed upon the said tube, and
thereby we obtain the necessary "drag" for the "winding on
of the spun or
doubled material. Or if it is desired to wind the spun or doubled material in the
form of a cop we provide a spindle in lieu of the said bobbin.
"
The above named bevel wheels we provide with a cover or case, to which is
jointed a part furnished with two arms, one of which passes into the before named
tube carrying the bobbin, and is supported or steadied thereby. The said arın we
provide with a bayonet or similar joint to enable the before named bobbin to be
removed for doffing.
The other arm we provide with eyes or guides by which the spun or doubled
material is conducted to the above named bobbin.
The material to be spun or doubled is passed through an aperture formed in one
of the end bearings of the frame or flyer, and also through guides formed thereon ;-
it is then passed through a guide upon the arm carried by one of the before named
bevil wheels, then through the previovsly described apertures formed within the
before named bevil wheels, then through the eyes of the arm jointed to the cover
of the bevel wheels aforesaid; and is thereby.conducted to the bobbin.
The rod supporting the aforesaid bevel wheels we connect to any ordinary
"copping" motion by which a distribution of the yarn upon the bobbin is effected.
The material being spun or doubled in its passage through the above described
apparatus receives one quantity of twist due to the revolutions of the frame or flyer,
and an additional quantity of twist by passing through the apertures formed
within the bosses of the above named bevel wheels.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Ralph Clegg and James Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th October 1881.
"
RALPH CLEGG, Mechanical Draughtsman, and JAMES TAYLOR, Mechanic, both of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING COTTON, WOOL, SILK,
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for preparing, spinning, and
doubling cotton, wool, silk, and other fibrous material, and consists in arrangements
whereby we are enabled to increase the productive power of such machinery or
apparatus aforesaid.
Our Invention consists in the employment of a frame or flyer, supported at each
end in bearings carried by the frame work of the machine within which it may
revolve, and provided with a wharve for receiving a band by which it may receive
rotatory motion.
One end bearing of the above named frame or flyer we form tubular, and pass
through it a rod or bar, upon which is mounted a bevel wheel turning loosely
thereon, and gearing into another bevel wheel mounted so as to be capable of
turning upon a stud carried by the before named rod or bar, but placed at an angle
thereto.
The bevel wheel carried by the above named rod or bar is provided with arms
embracing the before named frame or flyer, and through which it receives rotatory
motion.
Within the bosses of the before named bevel wheels we form apertures through
which the material to be spun or doubled passes.
The bobbin upon which the material is to be wound after being spun or doubled
is carried upon a stud or tube extending inwards from one end of the before named
frame or flyer, and rests upon a collar placed upon the said tube, and thereby we
obtain the necessary
drag" for the winding on of the spun or doubled
material; or if it is desirable to wind the spun or doubled material in the form of a
cop, we provide a spindle in lieu of the said bobbin.
"
"
The above named bevel wheels we provide with a cover or case to which is
jointed a part furnished with two arms, one of which passes into the before named
tube carrying the bobbin, and is supported. or steadied thereby.
The said arm we provide with a bayonet or similar joint to enable the before
named bobbin to be removed for doffing.
The other arm we provide with eyes or guides by which the spun or doubled
material is conducted to the above named bobbin.
The material to be spun or doubled is passed through an aperture formed in one
of the end bearings of the frame or flyer, and also through guides formed thereon;
it is then passed through a guide upon the arm carried by one of the before named
bevel wheels, then through the previously described apertures formed within the
before named bevel wheels, then through the eyes of the arm jointed to the cover.
of the bevel wheels aforesaid, and is thereby conducted to the bobbin.
The rod supporting the aforesaid bevel wheels we connect to any ordinary
"copping" motion, by which a distribution of the yarn upon the bobbin is'
effected.
The material being spun or doubled in its passage through the above described:
apparatus receives one quantity of twist due to the revolutions. of the frame or
flyer, and an additional quantity of twist by passing through the apertures formed:
within the bosses of the above named bevel wheels.

page_text: In order that our Invention may be better understood and more readily carried
into effect, we will now proceed to describe the same, reference being made to the
accompanying Drawing. Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, at
right angles to Fig. 1, the same letters of reference being applied to corresponding
parts in each of the Figures. At 1 is a rail in which is an aperture, through which
passes and is capable of sliding therein the lower end of a lifting rod 3:
Upon the lifting rod 3 is a collar 4 secured to the lifting rod 3 by means of a
set-screw 5b; formed with and extending from the collar 4 is a finger 5, the lower
end 6 thereof passing into an aperture 7 formed in the rail 1 so as to be capable of
sliding therein; the finger 5 prevents the lifting rod 3 from rotating. Coiled
around the lifting rod 3 is a spring 8, one end of such spring abutting against the
rail 1, the other end pressing against the collar 4 so as to force the lifting rod 3
upward, such upward movement being limited by a nut 9 upon the lifting rod 3.
At 10 is a rail in which is formed an aperture through which the lifting rod 3 passes
so as to be capable of sliding therein.
At 11 is a frame or flyer provided at its upper end with a collar or bearing 12
supported by and revolving in a step 13 carried by a rail 14. The lower end of the
frame or flyer 11 is formed with a part 15 constituting a bush capable of revolving
upon the lifting rod 3; the bush 15 is provided with a wharve or pulley 16 for
receiving a band for imparting rotatory motion to the frame or flyer 11. From the
upper part 17 of the frame or flyer 11 is a projecting stud 18 capable of supporting
a bobbin 19 upon which the yarn is wound after being spun or doubled, as will be
hereafter described. The bobbin 19 is retained upon the stud 18 by means of a
'collar 20, the collar 20 being retained in position by two pins 21 projecting
therefrom, which pins pass into notches 22, more clearly seen in the detached view,
Fig. 3, one pin and notch only. being shown to avoid confusion of lines, the pins 21
being retained in the part 23 of the slot 22 by the projecting part 24 of the
stud 18. Upon the upper end of the lifting rod 3 is mounted a bevel wheel 25
provided with an extended collar 26 so as to be capable of being revolved upon the
lifting rod 3, the diameter of which is reduced at 27, so that the larger diameter of
the lifting rod will constitute a collar at 28 capable of supporting the bevel
wheel 25. From the boss of the bevel wheel 25 are projecting arms 29, 30, so
formed as to be capable of being acted upon by the wings of the frame or flyer 11
as it revolves, as will hereafter be described. Into the upper end of the lifting
rod 3 is screwed one end of a stud 31, the outer end 32 thereof being at an angle
to the axis of the lifting rod 3. Upon the end 32 of the stud 31 is mounted, so as
to be capable of revolving freely thereon, a bevel wheel 33, the teeth thereof
gearing into those of the bevel wheel 25. Carried by the boss of the bevel wheel 25
is a frame or box 34, the boss of the bevel wheel 25 being capable of revolving
freely therein. Another part 35 of the frame or box 34 embraces the boss 36 of
the bével wheel 33, but in such manner as to allow the boss 36, of the bevel
wheel 33 to be capable of revolving within the part 35 of the box 34, the part 32.
of the stud 31 carried by the lifting rod 3 preventing the box or frame 34 from
revolving with the bevel wheel 25 when such bevel wheel is rotated. The box or
frame 34 is formed in two portions to enable its being placed upon the bosses 26, 36,
of the bevel wheels 25, 33, the two portions of such box 34 being held together by
means of the screws 37, 38. Upon the box 34 are two projections 39, 40, passing
through which is a pin 41, upon which pin 41 is mounted a boss 42 having two
arms 43, 44. The arın 44 passes upwards between the bobbin 19 and the said
frame or flyer 11, the upper end of the arm 44 being formed into an eye or loop 45
for guiding the yarn or thread which is being spun or doubled to the bobbin 19.
The arm 43 from the boss 42 passes into an aperture 46 formed in the interior of
the stud 18 which carries the bobbin 19 and maintains the arm 44 projecting from
the boss 42 in the position shewn in the Drawing. The yarns to be spun or
doubled, as it proceeds from the front rollers of the "frame or machine passes, as
indicated by the dotted line 47, in the direction of the arrow through an
aperture 48 formed within the upper part of the flyer 11, then through the eyes or
32

page_text: guides 49, 50, attached to the frame or flyer 11, then through an eye or guide 51
attached to the arm 29, and is then passed through an aperture 52
formed within the boss of the bevel wheel 25 and then through an aperture 53
formed within the boss 36 of the bevel wheel 33. The apertures 52, 53, within
the bosses of the bevel wheels 25, 33, are so formed as to avoid interference with
the studs 31, 32, upon which the bevel wheels 25, 33, revolve. The yarn 47 after
leaving the aperture 53 formed within the boss 36 of the bevel wheel 33 passes
through a guide 54 attached to the arm 44, then through the loop or eye 45 formed
at the end of the arm 44, passing from thence to be wound upon the bobbin 19.
Upon rotatory motion being communicated to the wharve 16 by means of an endless
band passing round the usual "tin roller," or similar part in ordinary use in
spinning machinery, the flame or flyer 11 will be rotated, and the wings thereof
coming in contact with the arms 29, 30, projecting from the boss of the bevel
wheel 25 will cause the bevel wheel 33 to be also rotated. The stud 18 rotating
inside the bobbin 19 will tend to also rotate the bobbin in the same direction, such
rotation of the bobbin will cause the yarn delivered by the rollers to be wound
upon the bobbin 19. The yarn in its passage through the flyer will receive one
amount of twist, and in its further passage through the apertures formed within
the bosses of the bevel wheels 25, 33, will receive a further amount of twist.
By the above arrangement we are enabled to largely increase the production of
spun or doubled yarns beyond that of the spinning or doubling machines now in
use. To effect the proper distribution of the yarn upon the bobbin 19, we cause
the rail 1 to be raised and lowered by any suitable "copping motion." When the
bobbin 19 becomes filled with yarn, and it becomes requisite to doff, such doffing we
accomplish as follows:-The "copping-rail" 1 is lowered into its lowest position, as
when winding the yarn on to the bobbin 19, the collar 20 is then pushed upward
until the pin 21 therein can pass over the projecting part 24 of the stud 18. The
collar 20 and bobbin 19 are then at liberty to slide downward upon the rod 43.
The lifting-rod 3 is now forced downward, compressing the spring 8, such down-
ward movement of the lifting rod 3 withdrawing the rod 43 clear of the aperture
in the stud 18, such rod being then at liberty to be turned outward upon the
pin 41 into the position indicated by the dotted lines 54 in Fig. 2; the full bobbin
may now be removed from the rod 43 and an empty one substituted; the rod 43 is
then placed in an upright position and the copping rail I is then raised, such raising
causing the rod 43 to pass within the aperture 46 within the stud 18, the bobbin
is then passed on to the stud 18, the collar 20 is now also passed on to the
stud 18 and is turned so that its pin 21 may pass over the projection 24 into the
recess 23, then the end of the yarn from the guide 45 is now passed around
the empty bobbin, and spinning or doubling may then again proceed. We have
hitherto referred to one aperture in each of the bevel wheels 25, 33, but we prefer
to form two such apertures and thereby enable the yarn to be threaded through tho
wheels when either side of the flyer or frame is turned into the position shewn in
the Drawing, another set of guides being provided on the frame or flyer 11 and
arm 30, and distinguished from those previously referred to by the addition of an
asterisk (*).
Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, show a modification of the previously described arrangement
whereby we are enabled to dispense with the bevel wheels 25, 33, described in the
arrangement shown by Figs. 1 and Fig. 2, and also arrangements by which the
doffing of the full bobbin is facilitated; Fig. 4 is a front elevation; Fig. 5, a side
view taken at right angles to Fig. 4, Figs. -6 and 7 being detached portions of
Fig. 4.
As some of the parts of Figs. 5 and 6 are similar in construction and act in a
manner (similar to that described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2, we shall apply to
such parts the same letters of reference as used in the said Figs. 1, 2, and 3, with
the addition of the letter a. Upon the lifting rod 3ª is formed a projecting part 56,
seen more clearly in the detached view Fig. 6, from which projects at an angle
the stud 57; upon this stud is mounted a bush 58 capable of revolving freely

page_text: thereon. The bush 58 is provided with projecting arms 59, 60, against which the
wings 11ª of the frame or flyer will act so as to impart rotatory motion thereto as the
said frame or flyer 11ª revolves, as will be hereafter described. Upon the bush 58 is
mounted a cap 61, within which the bush 58 is capable of freely revolving. The
cap 61 is retained upon the bush 58 by means of a collar 62 screwed upon the upper
end of the bush 58, the lower end of the cap 61 resting against an enlarged part of
the bush 58. From the upper part of the cap 61, arms 63, 64, extend in an upward
direction; one end of the arm 04 is formed into a loop or guide 65 for the purpose of
conducting the yarn to the bobbin 19a, as will hereafter be described.
The arm 63-projecting from the cap 61 passes into an aperture 66 formed
within the stud 18a projecting downward from the top of the flyer 11a, and thereby
preventing the cap 61 from revolving along with the bush 58 when the bush 58 is
rotated, as will hereafter be described.
Upon the frame or flyer 11ª being caused to rotate by a band passing round the
wharve 16 attached to the frame or flyer 11%, as described in reference to the
former Figures 1, 2, 3, the wings of the frame or flyer 11" will act upon the arms
59, 60, projecting from the bush 58, and rotatory motion will be imparted by the
frame or flyer to the bush 58. The yarn 47° to be spun or doubled is passed
through the tubular top 12ª of the frame or flyer 11, thence through eyes on
guides 67, 68, attached to the sides of the frame or flyer 11º, and is then passed
through a tubular opening 69 from the lower end thereof, formed within the bush 58,
and extending longitudinally through the said bush.
The yarn is then passed through an eye or guide 70 attached to the rod 64, then
through the loop 65 upon the upper end of the rod 64, passing from thence to be
wound around the bobbin 19", carried by the stud 18ª, and as the yarn is delivered
by the front rollers of the frame to which the apparatus above referred to is attached,
the yarn will become wound upon the bobbin 19, the yarn being distributed upon
the bobbin by the upwards and downward movements of the rail 1ª, which is caused
to be raised and lowered by means of any suitable "copping motion" similar to
that used in ordinary spinning machinery. The yarn in its passage through the
frame or flyer 11ª will receive one amount of "twist " from the revolution of the
flyer 11, and the said yarn in its passage through the aperture in the bush 58 will
receive a further amount of " twist from the revolutions of the bush 58.
ג,
The doffing of the bobbin 19ª upon its becoming filled with yarn, and replacing
such filled bobbin by an empty one, we effect as follows:-Upon the lower end of
the rod 63 is formed a collar 71, the upper edge of such collar 71 being formed with
undulations 72. A collar or hoop 73 is provided with pins, 74, 74*, projecting
inwards, so as to be capable of passing into angular notches 75, 75*, formed within,
the lower end of the stud 18, the pins 74, 74*, being retained in such notches
75, 75*, by being passed over the projecting part 76 of the notches 75, 75*. .One
of the notches 75, 75*, and pins 74, 74*, only is shewn to avoid confusion of lines,
the notch 75 being diametrically opposite to the notch 75. When it is desired to
doff the bobbin 19 the copping rail 1ª is raised, and with it the lifting rod 3ª until
the collar 71 upon the lower end of the rod 63 arrives in contact with the collar 73
upon the stud 18, which supports the bobbin 19ª. After the collar 71 has arrived
in contact with the collar 73 a further upward movement of the lifting rod rod 3° will
raise the pin 74 in the collar 73 above the projecting part 76 of the notch 75; the
fyer or frame is then slightly turned in the direction of the arrow upon the collar 73
(contrary to the path of the flyer when spinning). Such turning will bring the
pins 74, 74*, of the collar 73 in a line with the vertical part of the notches 75, 75*.
The lifting rod 3ª is now lowered, and the collar 73, now no longer supported by
the pins 74, 74*, will allow the bobbin 19 to descend therewith, such lowering of
the rod being continued until the bobbin is lowered to the lowest part of its " lift."
The lifting rod 3ª is now forced downward against the spring 8 until the rod 63
and bobbin 19ª are clear of the lower end of the stud 18. The cap 61 and bush 58
are now partially rotated upon the inclined stud 57, such partial rotation carrying
the bobbin 19ª into the position b, indicated by the dotted lines B in Fig. 5. The

page_text: full bobbin may now be removed from the rod 63, and an empty one substituted,
and to which the yarn proceeding from the guide 65 is attached, and then severed
from the full bobbin. The bush 58 and cap 61 are now rotated in a direction
opposite to that previously described, so as to bring the rod 63 into an axial line
with the stud 18; the spring 8 is now allowed to expand and force the rod 63
upwards into the aperture 66 within the stud 18°. The copping rail 1ª is then
raised to a little beyond its highest copping position, carrying the bobbin 19
upward on to the stud 18, and upon the stud 18" being rotated in the direction of
the arrow upon the collar 73, the pins 74, 74*, in the collar 73 will be caused to
pass into the notches 75, 75*, so as to retain the bobbin in position upon the
stud 18 for spinning. Although we have confined our description to one apparatus
only, it will be understood that such apparatus will be repeated as often as may be
desired, so as to constitute a spinning frame or machine, the rails 1 and 10 extending
from end to end of such spinning frame or machine, and supporting as many of the
above described arrangements as may be desired. The movements described for
removing the full bobbin 19ª from the stud 18ª, and substituting an empty one to
be filled, as effected by the raising and lowering of the copping rail 1ª, and turning
of the frame or flyer 11 will act upon each of the above described apparatus when
repeated so as to constitute a frame or machine.
The yarn, in its passage from the eye 6S attached to the frame or flyer 11° to
the aperture 69 in the bush 58, we cause to pass under the edge of an annular
guide S4, such guide being secured to the cap 61. The lower edge of the annular
guide 84 is placed at a suitable angle, and eccentrically to the axis of the stud 57,
for the purpose of taking up the slack yarn which results from the bush 58 revolving
around an axis inclined to the axis upon which the frame or flyer 11ª revolves,
thereby maintaining the yarn at an uniform tension.
For lubricating the bush 58 and cap 61, and to prevent the lubricant passing to
the yarn being spun or doubled, we make use of an arrangement as follows, which
is shown more clearly in the detached sectional view, Fig. 6-
To the inclined stud 57 we secure a cup or vessel 77, within which passes the
lower end of the bush 58. Around the inclined stud 57 we form a spiral groove 78.
Through the upper part of the bush 58 we form openings 70 leading from the interior
to the exterior surface of the said bush, upon which is mounted the cap 61. Through
the lower part of the cap 61 are openings 80, leading into the interior of an annular
cup 81 formed upon the bush 58. As the bush 58 revolves the lubricant is carried
upward by the spiral groove 78 to the apertures 79 in the bush 58, through which
it passes into the interior of the cap 61, flowing from thence by the openings 80
into the interior of the annular cup 81, from which it is conducted by apertures 82
into the interior of the cup 77. The cup 77 is furnished with an opening 83 by
which it may be supplied with suitable lubricating material.
We have hitherto referred to our Invention as applied to machinery for spinning
and doubling cotton, wool, silk, and other fibrous materials, but our Invention may
also be applied to slubbing or roving frames used for preparing cotton, wool, silk,
and other fibrous materials for spinning, but in such machines, instead of imparting
motion to the frame or flyer by means of a band and wharve or pulley, as shewn
in the Drawing, we should in such cases drive the frame or flyer by means of
gearing, and regulate the "winding on " by the ordinary differential motion as
ordinarily used in slubbing and roving frames.
If it be desired to wind the yarn upon a tube after being spun or doubled, by
the previously described arrangements, such tube will be placed upon the stud 18
or 18, and a suitable "copping motion" used to act upon the "copping-rail ” 1 or
1ª for building the yarn upon the said tube in any desired form.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, we desire it to be understood that we claim as secured
to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent,---
The use of the tube or bush placed within a frame or flyer, so as to revolve around

page_text: an axis inclined to the axis of the said frame or flyer, for the purpose of imparting
to the yarn additional twist to that given by the said frame or flyer, substantially
in the manner as above set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Ralph Clegg and James Taylor, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty eighth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
RALPH CLEGG. (L.S.)
JAMES TAYLOR. (L.S.)