IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE PEGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bartlett Winslow, of Boston, in the County
of Suffolk, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE PEGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES,
Sealed the 9th May 1873, and dated the 19th March 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Bartlett Winslow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 19th March 1878, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BARTLETT WINSLOW, of Boston, in the County of Suffolk, and State of
Massachusetts, of the United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WIRE PEGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN MACHINES FOR USING THE SAME," and
have petitioned Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria to grant

page_text: In proceeding to carry out the first feature of my present Invention,
that of producing the spiral peg, I obtain a suitable core or base aª,
whether such core be a single wire or a plurality of wires, and around
this core I twist spirally one or more wires 66, 6º, 6º, the pitch or slope
of these coils being such as may be deemed best in practice, such coils
producing in effect a screw of uniform diameter throughout.
Having thus made up my peg or peg stock from which to cut the
pegs, as herein-after stated, my next step is to pass the whole through
a bath of melted solder or alloy, by which means the various wires are
united in a solid and adhesive mass, the outer corners or edges of the
screw threads 6º, 6º, 6º, being rounded off to a smooth and uniform finish,
while the depressions or corners between such screw threads are also left
in a smooth condition. By this construction of "wire peg" I obtain
much greater elasticity than a solid metal peg possesses, and I also
obtain in a given weight of metal nearly double the number of pegs
heretofore produced. The solder bath in which the peg is immersed
deposits a non-corrosive coating upon it, which is unaffected by the
moisture in the leather of a boot or shoe, which would otherwise injure
or ruin the peg and consequently impair the durability of such boot and
shoe, and I am enabled by my construction to use a cheap grade of iron
than other constructions permit, thus very considerably reducing the
cost of the peg.
I produce the above-described peg stock in a long continuous cord or
"stock," which is subsequently cut into pegs of the desired length either
in a machine which drives them into the sole of the boot, or by a suitable
cutter when desired for hand pegging.
The second portion of my Invention, as herein embodied, relates to
means for cutting, driving, and heading or "clinching" the above-
described peg, and consists,-
First. In punching the holes in the stock, feeding the wire or wirc-like
material, cutting off the peg or pin, and driving the same all in the same
location and with the same cam.
Second. In feeding the end of a wire or wire-like material per-
pendicularly, and into a stationary throat or driving tube in the location.
3 to be driven..

page_text: Third. In cutting off a peg or pin from a wire or wire-like material
and driving it in the same location without moving the end of the wire
from the driver, but moving the end of wire and driver together.
Fourth. In the construction and arrangement of two drivers, one
working above and the other below the stock.
Fifth. In the arrangement and use of a work supporting presser foot
provided with an opening to receive the point of an awl, and to allow the
lower driver to pass through it.
Sixth. In the arrangement for pressing the stock together with a
presser foot cam, and holding it till the peg or pin is driven and rivetted,
as well as regulating the length of the peg.
Seventh. In the arrangement of a presser foot and cam partially
regulating the length of the peg.
Eighth. In a contra motion of the peg regulator at the longest peg, so
as to allow the changing of the without stopping the machine, whereby
the wasting of pegs is prevented.
Ninth. In a self-locking and registering apparatus for the awl, feed,
and driver bar, so as to make them operate centrally with the hole in the
throat plate.
Tenth. In mechanism for feeding the stock and adjusting the said
feed more or less, as may be desired.
The construction of my machine, so as to punch the hole in the
material, feed the wire, cut off the peg, and drive the same all in the
same location, and with the same cam, is carried out in the following
mannera is the driving shaft, provided with a loose pulley 6 and a
fixed pulley b¹. The shaft a is movable in bearings c, c, attached or
secured to the frame d, as shown in Figure 5. e is a cam wheel having
a suitable groove cut on its face, in which a pin f, shown in Figure 13,
is operated in the usual manner. The said pin is connected to a bar
that is vertically movable in the cylinder h. The cylinder h is made to
swing partially around its axis i that is held stationary to the face plate
and feed wheel supporter attached to the frame d. The outside cylinder h
is rocked partially around its axis i by means of the cog segments lever k
engaging in the cogs attached to the cylinder h. The lever k is attached
to a rock shaft movable in a bearing m, as shown in Figure 5. On the 3

page_text: opposite end of the shaft to which the lever k is secured another lever n
is attached, the upper end of which has a projecting pin or roll that
plays in a groove that is cut on the face of the cam wheel o that is keyed
to the driving shaft a.
By this arrangement a rocking motion is imparted to the levers n
and k, and from k to the cylinder h. On the circumference of the
cylinder are three distinct pieces held and operated by means of the
cam rod g; these three pieces are the awl bar p, the feed bar and
q,
driver r, all located on the cylinder h, as fully shown in Figure 15; they
are all in their right time operated by the rod 9 that has a suitable
notch g cut on it, in which the projecting fingers p', q', r, forming part
of the rods p, q, and r fit, as the cylinder h is rocked partially around its
axis. The centers of the bars p, q, and r, are all at the same distance
from the center of the cylinder h. A stationary throat plate S having a
perpendicular hole through it of the size of the peg, as shown in dotted
lines on Figure 7, is located beneath the bars p, q, and r, in such manner
that the center of the awl, peg, and driver bar comes exactly over the
center of the hole in the throat plate S as the cylinder h is turned
around its axis.
1
The operation of this my improved pegging machine is as follows:
First, the awl bar p is automatically placed right over the hole in the
throat plate S, and the awl descends through the said hole and into the
boot or shoe held beneath it; the awl is then raised to its original
position, and the cylinder his turned around its axis so far that the feed
bar q comes right over the hole in the throat plate S when the continued
wire is fed down into the said hole, and when fed down far enough is
cut off the cylinder his now again turned automatically around its
axis so far that the driver bar r comes over the hole in the throat
plate S when the driver descends and drives the peg, at the same time a
lower hammer comes up from below inside the boot or shoe, and thus
rivets the peg at both ends. The driver then rises upwards, and the
cylinder is turned backwards around its axis to its original position,
namely, so that the awl bar p comes over the hole in the throat plate S,
during which operation the stock is fed forward when the same operation
is renewed.
The feeding of the wire is done by the following operating parts: -
From the cross piece q" descends a sleeve t, that is movable up and

page_text: down with the cross piece q¹¹, and surrounds the feed pipe u that is
perforated with a vertical hole for the wire to pass through. On the
sleeve t is an ear v, to which is jointed a connecting rod 20, the lower
end of which is jointed to a knee lever x that is movable around a
fulcrum attached to the feed tube u, as shown in Figure 13. The lower
end of the feed tube u is movable, and guided in a perforated stationary
pipe z as shown. When the cross piece q¹ and sleeve t descends, the
rod w turns the knee lever x around its fulcrum when the corner y on it
is forced against the wire in the tube w, by which operation the tube u,
sleeve t, and wire are all fed down together till the inside of the arm 11
(being part of the knee x) strikes the regulating tube 2, when the
corner y of the knee x lets go its hold on the wire that is cut off by the
pair of knives to be herein-after described.
When the cross piece q" commences to move upwards the rod w
turning the knee x around its fulcrum so that the outside of the arm 11
strikes against the lever 3 that is hinged to the lower end of the
stationary tube z, whereby the lower corner of said lever 3 impinges
against the wire and holds it stationary in the tube z, thus preventing
the wire from moving up with the tube u and sleeve t, and keeping it.
flush with the end of the stationary tube z.
The apparatus for cutting off the peg or pin from the wire or wire-like
material is arranged as follows:-On the front of the cylinder h are
inserted two screws or pins 4, 4, that pass through ears on the knife
levers 5, 5, as fully shown in enlarged view in Figure 7, the pins or
screws 4, 4, act as fulcrums around which the knife levers 5, 5, operate. 1
To the lower ends of the levers 5, 5, are the cutting knives 6, 6, arranged
and attached in a suitable way so as to be adjustable as they wear off, or
as they are re-sharpened. The upper ends of the levers 5, 5, are operated
by means of pins 7, 7, 8, 8, working on ways or inclines on said
levers 5, 5; the said pins 7, 7, 8, 8, or their equivalents are attached to
the movable sleeve t or to any other movable frame by which the same
result may be accomplished. As the pins 7, 7, 8, 8, descend the
knives 6, 6, spread apart and allow the wire to be fed down in the
throat S, but when the sleeve t with the pins 7, 7, 8, 8, move upwards,
the upper ends of the levers 5, 5, spread apart, and the lower edges of
the knives 6, 6, meet together, thus cutting off the wire. After the wire

page_text: is fed down the throat S and cut off to the proper length, the cylinder /
is turned around its axis so far that the driver bar r drives the pcg
into the stock held beneath the throat S.
Second. As has heretofore been shown I feed my wire perpendicularly
into a stationary throat or driving tube. Formerly the wire or pegging
machines have been fed in an inclined direction to the way in which it
is to be driven, but I have the great advantage on my machine to feed
and drive the wire in one and the same direction, and this being a per-
pendicular one without any inclination to one side or the other..
Third. The remaining portion of the wire in the feed tube, after the
peg is cut off from it, never changes its distance from the driver, as it
has already been shown that the feed tube and driver swing together
around the axis i of the cylinder h.
Fourth. The peg is driven, clinched, or rivetted from below inside
the boot or shoe as well as from above. This is accomplished in the
following manner :- -The frame d is secured and rests on a standard 9, to
the front of which is attached a suitable frame 10, in which the vertical
cylinder 11 is made to swing around its axis in bearings, is movable in
suitable guides. The upper end of the cylinder 11 is attached to an
arched frame 12, having arched ways cut thereon, in which the presser
foot 18, provided at its base with corresponding arched guides, is made
to move in a manner, as fully shown in full and dotted lines on Figure 4.
The presser foot 13 is provided with a vertical perforation, in which
moves the lower driver 18, shown in dotted lines on Figure 4. The
driver 18 is provided at the lower end with a small roller 19, that rolls
on the arched frame 20 as the presser foot is moved on its arched ways
or guides. The lower driver or hammer 18 is surrounded with a coiled
spring 21, the action of which holds the roller 19 always in contact with
the arched frame 20. The said arched frame has a downward projecting
rod 22 attached to it; said rod projects through a hole made in the
cylinder 11, and the lower end of it is jointed to a universally jointed
rocking lever 23, that is supported in an arm 24, which is jointed to the
lower bearing for the cylinder 11. The lever 23 is operated by the
universal joint rod 25, to the opposite end of which is jointed the rocking
lever 26, shown in Figure 6. A rod 27 connects the lever 26 to one end
of the knee lever 28, the other end of which is provided with a pin that
is guided and operated in a groove cut on the face of the cam wheel 29,

page_text: as shown in Figures 6 and 8. By this arrangement a positive lift is
given to the riveter 18, no matter how thick or thin the stock may be
that is operated upon. The presser foot 13 may be placed in a vertical
position, as shown in full lines on Figure 4, or it may be held in any
suitable inclined position, as shown in dotted lines on the same Figure,
according to the shape of the work that is to be pegged. The lower
driver 18 rests on the arched frame 20, which being of the same cur-
vature as the ways on which the presser foot 13 travels, allows the
driver 18 to operate in any position of the presser foot. It may be timed
in its operation so as to work before, at the same time, or after the upper
driver rivets the peg, according to whether the peg is to be riveted on
the under side alone, or on both sides, or on the upper side alone, to suit
the requirements in each case.
Fifth. The presser foot 13 is as before stated perforated, so that the
lower driver can pass up through it. By this construction of the presser
foot a recess is formed in the upper end of it, into which the awl may
descend after passing through the stock, and it matters not therefore
whether the stock is uneven in thickness at different places, as the
awl can at all times pass through the stock and descend into the open
upper end of the presser foot.
Sixth. The arrangement for pressing the stock together and holding it
so till the peg or pin is driven is carried out and operated as follows:-
Under the standard 9 is a bearing 14 that serves as a fulcrum and
supports the treadle lever 15, the forward end of which is provided with
a foot plate 16, on which the operator places his foot when it is desired
to place or replace a boot or shoe on the upper part of the presser foot,
for which purpose a connecting rod 17 connects the lever 15 to the lower
bearing for the cylinder 11, as shown in Figure 5.
On the rear end of the lever 15 rests the vertical rod 30, the upper
end of which is guided in bearings 31, 32, attached stationary to the
standard 9; the extreme upper end of the rod 30 is pointed to an
adjustable link 33, the upper end of which is connected to a rocking
cam 34 by which the length of the peg is partially regulated, as will
herein-after be more fully described. A collar 35 is attached firmly to
the rod 30, and a coiled spring 36 surrounds the rod 30 and presser
with its lower end against the collar 35, and with its upper end against
an adjustable nut 37 screwed in the bearing 31, as shown in Figures 5

page_text: and 6, by which the strength of the spring 36 is easily adjusted. The
spring 36 is for the purpose of balancing the weight of the cylinder 11
with its bearings, arched frame 12, and the presser foot 13, and also for
the purpose of forcing the upper end of the presser foot against the
stock that rests between the feed wheel and the said presser foot; but
as this spring 36 is not reliable to hold the presser foot in a rigid
position during the punching and riveting of the stock, I employ a cam
wheel 38 having a groove cut on its face, with a throw more than the
depth of the teeth on the face wheel; a pin or roll 39 plays therein and
is jointed to an adjustable rod 40, the lower end of which is connected
to a cam lever 41 that is hinged to ears made on the sleeve 42 which is
loose on the rod 30 between the bearings 31 and 32, as fully shown in
Figure 6.
Between the lower end of the sleeve 42 and the bearing 31 is placed
a suitable spring 43 that lifts the sleeve 42 up against the lower end of
the adjustable nut 44 as soon as the lever 41 ceases to act. The inner
end of the lever 41 is made as a cam that takes hold directly on the
rod 30, or on a plate placed between the cam 41 and the said rod 30, by
which arrangement the cam 38 operates the rod 40 and presses down
and locks the cam lever 41, sleeve 42, and rod 30 together, and presses
them down and holds them rigidly in that position. As the motion
from the rod 30 is communicated to the lever 15, connection 17,
cylinder 11, and presser foot 13, it is easily seen that the presser foot is
pressed upwards an additional distance equal to the depth of the teeth
on the feed wheel by which the stock is pressed together, the feed wheel
points pressed in the stock, and length of peg regulated, and held so
rigidly during the descent of the awl, feed of the wire, and driving of
the peg, after the performance of which the cam 38 releases its hold
on the cam 41 and rod 30, when the feeding of the stock takes place
without extra pressure.
Seventh. The arrangement of the presser foot and cam for the partial
regulation of the length of the peg is constructed as follows:-The
adjustable connecting rod 33 is jointed to the adjustable cam disk 34
that is made to rock around a stud or pin 45 secured to the frame d;
the cam disk 34 is operated partly by the spring 36, and partly by the
cam 38, rod 40, cam lever 41, and sleeve 42, as heretofore described.
The rear of the cam 34 has a groove cut on its face, as shown in dotted

page_text: lines on Figure 6, in which plays a pin attached to an arm on the
rocking shaft 46, to the opposite end of which is attached a lever 47,
the extreme end of which is jointed to the pin 48, shown in Figure 13.
The pin 48 is connected rigidly to the regulating sleeve 2 that regulates
the feed of the wire, as hertofore shown in Figure 13, and described;
the groove on the cam 34, as shown in Figure 6, is so made that the
length of the peg is regulated from the part marked Y, to the end of
the right hand side thereof in such a manner that when the rod 33 is
pressed downwards (and the presser foot is pressed upwards) the
shaft 46 is rocked in such a manner as to raise the end of the operating
lever 47, when the regulating sleeve 2 is also automatically raised to
correspond with the lift of the presser foot 13, by which arrangement
the knee lever x, y, ceases to feed the wire down the feed tube as soon
as it comes in contact with the regulating sleeve or incline 2.
Eighth. The cam 34 also serves for another purpose, namely, that of
preventing the wasting of pegs, when the treadle 16 is pressed down
during the placing or replacing of a boot or shoe, or any other stock;
this is accomplished in the following manner and by the following
arrangement -The left-hand side of the groove on the cam 34 to the
left of the line Y rises very suddenly to the greatest throw of the cam,
where it remains as a circular arch; as by this means when the treadle
16 is pressed down and the rod 30 pressed up so far that the pin on the
shaft 46 comes to the place marked Y (which is the place for the longest
pegs), should the rod 30 be pressed up any farther it will raise the levers
on the shaft 46, and with them the regulating sleeve 2 very suddenly
to its highest position when no feeding of the wire will take place, even
if the machine should be kept in motion, if not for such an arrangement
the machine would continue to cut and feed the wire during the time
the stock was replaced on the presser foot, whereby a great many pegs
would be wasted.
Ninth. The self-locking and registering apparatus for the vertical awl,
feed, and driver bar is arranged as follows:-As the cylinder his rocked
around its axis i it is very important that the awl, feed, and driver
should each in their turn be exactly over the centre of the hole in the
throat S when they are pressed down, and to accomplish this I secure
to the frame d an arched guide 48, 48, made in halves that are held
together by means of the cap or plate 49 screwed on them, as shown in

page_text: Figures 7 and 17. Under the caps 49 is a space or groove left, as shown
at q", in Figure 17, this space is made a little wider at the top than the
width of the registering cross piece p", q", ", that are attached to the
outside of the bars p, q, r, as shown in Figure 15; but the central
and lower part of said groove q¹¹ is made exactly the same width as the
cross pieces p", q", and ". The advantage of this arrangement is so
that in case the cylinder should be rocked a trifle more or less (owing
to the wear of the parts) than the required distance for placing the
bars p, q, and r, exactly centrially over the hole in the throat plate S
that they may be in that case guided by means of the registering
pieces p, q, and 7", in the tapering upper part of the groove q", and
when once in the said groove the pieces p", q", and 7", are guided
exactly and without the least side play in the lower and parallel part
of said groove q", when the awl, feed, or driver bar is sure to come
exactly over the hole in the throat plate S.
Tenth. The feed of the stock is done as follows:-Figures 10, 11,
and 16, related heretofore. An arched bearing 50 is screwed to the
front of the frame d, as shown in Figure 11; the throat plate S is
attached to a pin or shaft that projects through the bearing 50 and
the frame d in which it is held stationary by means of a set screw 52,
as shown. A friction wheel 53 is secured to a hollow spindle 54, that
is movable, loose around the stationary throat plate shaft 51. The
forward end of the hollow spindle 54 is made a little larger in diameter
than the throat plate S, and provided with feed teeth 55, as shown in
Figures 4, 7, and 11; these feed teeth are made very sharp and pointed
so as to penetrate the stock easily, and carry it along without much
pressing together. The friction roller 53 is also secured to the ratchet
wheel 56, as shown; the said wheel 56 is operated by means of a pawl
lever 57 that is jointed to and operated by the connecting rod 58 and
cog segment lever k, shown in Figure 10. Under the friction wheel 53
is held stationary to the frame d a friction strap 59 that can be tightened
on to the circumference of the wheel 53 by means of screws, as shown,
for the purpose of holding the feed wheel steady during the operation of
the machine, when no feeding of the stock takes place.
For the purpose of adjusting the length of the feed I employ a
disk 60 movable around the hub of the friction wheel 53, and secured
in place by means of a suitable set screw 62, as shown; this disk 60

page_text: has on the upper part of it an arched shield plate 61 that projects over
the ratchet wheel 56, as shown in Figures 10 and 16, the object of
which is to let the pawl slip over one or more of the teeth on the
ratchet wheel 56 without taking hold of such parts, by which arrange-
ment the feed of the ratchet wheel can be adjusted with nicety.
The disk 60 with its shield 61 can be turned around the hub of the
wheel 53 so as to allow the pawl to slip over one or more teeth on the
ratchet wheel 56 without taking hold of them, as may be desired.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bartlett Winslow, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of January 1873.
JOHN BARTLETT WINSLOW. (L.S.)