IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE CON- STRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND MIXING THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICAL FUEL, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT TO SUCH APPAratus.
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Thomas Edward Heath, Colliery Proprietor,
Thomas Evens, Civil and Mining Engineer, and Thomas Edward
Heath, junior, Gentleman, all of Cardiff, in the County of
Glamorganshire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN. THE CON-
STRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND MIXING THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICAL FUEL, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT
TO SUCH APPAratus.'
Sealed the 12th February 1875, and dated the 8th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Edward Heath,
Thomas Evens, and Thomas Edward Heath, junior, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th
October 1874.
We, THOMAS EDWARD HEATH, Colliery Proprietor, THOMAS EVENS,
Civil and Mining Engineer, and THOMAS EDWARD HEATH, junior,
Gentleman, all of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorganshire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND MIXING THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED

page_text: IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT TO
SUCH APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing date July 13th 1872,
No. 2123, and consists,-.
First. In the employment of a combustion chamber in connection
with a furnace, wherein the heated air or gases are collected and are
passed therefrom by means of suitably arranged flues into a cylindrical
chamber or chambers containing the materials to be heated, dried, and
mixed.
Secondly. In the employment of steam, superheated or otherwise, or a
blast of air for conveying or causing to be conveyed the said heated air
or gases from the said combustion chamber to the cylindrical chamber or
chambers.
Thirdly. In the employment of mechanical means, such as a blowing
engine, fan, or other suitable apparatus, for the purpose
of forcing or
drawing heated air or gases into the said cylindrical chamber or
chambers, which heated air or gases, may be passed through or taken
from the said combustion chamber, or through or from some other
source, such as an ordinary hot blast stove, or from two or more such
sources combined.
Fourthly. The arrangement of a flue or flues with dampers attached,
for enabling the heated air or gases to be passed through the cylindrical
chamber or chambers, or directly into the waste flue or stack, for
regulating the heat, as may be required.
Fifthly. The employment of a series of knives or agitators with
chisel or other shaped sharp edges fixed upon a shaft or shafts revolving
within the said cylindrical chamber or chambers, for the purpose of
clearing or cutting through the scale and such portions of the material
as may adhere to the sides thereof, as well as for agitating and mixing
the materials within the said chamber or chambers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Edward Heath, Thomas Evens, and
Thomas Edward Heath, junior, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
EDWARD HEATH, Colliery Proprietor, THOMAS EVENS, Civil Engineer,
and THOMAS EDWARD HEATH, junior, Gentleman, all of Cardiff, in the
County of Glamorganshire, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Thomas Edward Heath, Thomas Evens, and
Thomas Edward Heath, junior, Her special licence that we, the said
Thomas Edward Heath, Thomas Evens, and Thomas Edward Heath,
junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Thomas Edward Heath, Thomas Evens, and Thomas Edward
Heath, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND
MIXING THE MATERIALS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, and
IN THE APPLICATION OF HEAT TO SUCH APPARATUS," upon the condition.
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Edward Heath, Thomas
Evens, and Thomas Edward Heath, junior, our executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Edward Heath, Thomas
Evens, and Thomas Edward Heath, junior, do hereby declare the nature

page_text: =
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the figures on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon (that
is to say):-
'
This Invention consists in improvements upon an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to us, bearing date July 13th 1872, No.
2123, and relates,-
To the employment of a combustion chamber in connection with a
furnace, wherein the heated air or gases are collected, and are passed
therefrom by means of suitably arranged flues into a cylindrical chamber
or chambers containing the materials to be heated, dried, and mixed.
Also the employment of steam, superheated or otherwise, or a blast
of air for conveying or causing to be conveyed the said heated air or
gases from the said combustion chamber to the cylindrical chamber.
Also the employment of mechanical means, such as a blowing engine,
fan, or other suitable apparatus, for the purpose of forcing or drawing
heated air or gases into the said cylindrical chamber or chambers, which
heated air or gases may be passed through or taken from the said.
combustion chamber, or through or from some other source, such as
an ordinary hot blast stove, or from two or more such sources com-
bined.
Also the arrangement of a flue or flues with dampers attached for
enabling the heated air or gases to be passed through the cylindrical
chamber or chambers, or directly into the waste flue or stack for
regulating the heat, as may be required.
Also the employment of a series of knives or agitators with chisel or
other shaped sharp edges fixed upon a shaft or shafts revolving within
the said cylindrical chamber or chambers, for the purpose of clearing or
cutting through the scale and such portions of the material as may
adhere to the sides thereof, as well as for agitating and mixing the a
materials within the said chamber or chambers.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 is à longitudinal
section, Fig. 2 an end elevation, and Fig. 3 a transverse section, showing
one arrangement embodying our improvements, wherein we employ a,
combustion chamber A in connection with a furnace M; in which

page_text: chamber the heated air and gases from the furnace M are collected and
passed therefrom through the flue V into a cylindrical chamber D. The
heated air and gases are driven into the chamber D by a blast of steam
or air, superheated or otherwise, passing through the pipe and nozzle G,
and regulated by the valve K, and in the flue V is placed a damper V₁,
which may be opened, more or less, or altogether shut, thus cutting off
the heat from the chamber D when the supply of materials to be heated
is stopped, and for carrying off the heat from the combustion chamber A.
When the flue V is stopped there is another flue H and damper H¹.
The cylindrical chamber D may be made of fire-brick, cast iron, or
other suitable material, and the materials used in the manufacture of
artificial fuel are fed by the revolving star, or vane drum L, or other
suitable contrivance from the hopper E.
The materials are passed into the chamber D at the end nearest the
flue V, and are caught up and thrown about by a series of knives or
agitators P, P, P, P, fixed to the arms and shaft C, C, C, and revolved
therewith by means of gearing N connected with a motive power, and
one of these knives and arms are shewn enlarged in Figs. 10 and 11.
The knives are fixed on the arms C at a slight angle or twist, as shewn
in Fig. 11, so that they screw the materials. gradually through the
chamber D, and discharge them at the outlet O in a fit state to be
pressed into blocks of fuel, and in order to prevent the materials from
adhering too much to the sides of the cylindrical chamber D we make
the edges of the knives like a chisel or turning tool, as shewn in Fig. 10,
so that the knives cut away or turn off any materials adhering within
their reach or radii, and by making them as shewn in Figure 10 they
continue sharp, even if worn away to the extent shewn by the dotted
line L. From the chamber D there is a flue F to carry off the waste
gases and steam into the flue and stack S, S, there being a damper F¹ to
regulate the extent of passage.
Figure 4 shews in longitudinal section, and Figure 5 in end elevation
another modification or arrangement embodying our improvements, in
which we use a cylindrical chamber D' and. D³ connected together by a.
passage D³, so that when it may be desirable to lengthen the cylinder in.
which the heating, drying, and mixing processes are carried on to such
an extent as would necessitate the use of more than two bearings for the
shaft. C, the object being to utilize to a fuller extent the heat produced.

page_text: c
by keeping the materials under its influence for a longer time, and it is
obvious that this arrangement can be applied or used equally well with
the foregoing, or with either of the methods herein described for getting
heat into the cylindrical chamber D.
In Figs. 4 and 5 G is a pipe conveying air compressed by a fan or
blowing engine into an ordinary hot blast stove Q, where it is heated by
the furnace M, and passes on through the pipe V into the cylindrical
chamber D', and there heats and dries the materials, and passes with
them through the passage D³ into the second cylinder D³, where it
continues its action on the materials until they fall out through the
outlet O, the waste gases and steam passing off through the flue F, as
before. In these Figures, 4 and 5, we show a bonnet or hood and
curtain X made of sheet iron or other suitable material placed over the
opening where the heated materials pass out, the bonnet or hood
communicating with the flue and stack S, S, thereby serving to collect
and carry off waste gases and steam issuing from the opening O. This
bonnet, which may be made in any convenient shape, can be attached to
either of the arrangements herein shewn, but it may be stated that we
prefer to keep the flue F closed, or nearly so, and let the waste steam
and gasses pass through the passage O as much as possible, and we also
prefer to hang the bonnet and curtain by hooks, so that they can be
taken down in a short time, if required.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 7 an end elevation of
another modification containing our improvements, in which we employ
the furnace M and combustion chamber A, as in Figures 1, 2, 3, but in
this case there are constructed round the door of the furnace M two air-
tight chambers R and T, with doors R¹ and T' through which the stoker
passes in attending to the furnace. Into the chamber R air is forced
through the pipe G by a fan or blowing engine, and the pressure of air
being greater in the chamber R than that of the atmosphere the air
passes through the furnace M and combustion chamber A, and thence
through the flue V in a heated state into the cylindrical chamber D,
shewn as in Figs. 1, 2, 3, but which may be constructed, if preferred,
as in Figures 4 and 5, where it acts on the materials as before
described.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 9 an end elevation of
another arrangement or modification containing our improvements,
wherein we employ the furnace M and eombustion chamber A, as in

page_text: Figures 1, 2, and 3, but in this case the furnace M. and ash-pit W have
air-tight doors M' and W', and compressed air from a fan or blowing
engine is forced into the ash-pit W through the pipe G. In this case
the pressure of the air in the ash-pit being greater than that of the
atmosphere the air passes through the furnace M and combustion
chamber A, and thence in a heated state through the flue V into the
cylindrical chamber D, which may be constructed either as shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3, or 4 and 5, as preferred.
If it is desired two or more cylindrical chambers, as described, for
heating, drying, and mixing the materials may be placed side by side, or
over each other, and the heat derived from one combustion chamber
applied or each cylindrical chamber can have a separate combustion
chamber and furnace.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
we claim, the respective combinations of parts constituting our improved
apparatus for drying and treating materials intended to be used as fuel
or manufactured into artificial fuel, constructed substantially as herein
described and shewn respectively in Figures 1, 2, and 4, 5, and 6, 7,
and 8, 9.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Edward Heath, Thomas
Evens, and Thomas Edward Heath, junior, have hereunto set our
hands and seals, this Second day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five.