IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION OF FLUIDS FROM SUBSTANCES CONTAINING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Marshall, of New Cross, in the County of Kent,
Civil and Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION OF FLUIDS FROM SUBSTANCES CONTAINING THE
SAME."
Sealed the 6th July 1865, and dated the 16th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Marshall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1865.
I, JOHN MARSHALL, of New Cross, in the County of Kent, Civil and
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION OF FLUIDS FROM SUBSTANCES
CONTAINING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of what I term a main ram
working in a hydraulic cylinder in combination with other parts as hereafter
described.
The head of the main rain is formed into or is fitted with a platform bearing
on its surface a second hydraulic cylinder and ram, the upper part of which
ram carries a straining apparatus, and is provided with an outlet for the escape
of the fluid expressed by the action of the press, while the upper part of the
cylinder in which the last-named ram works is formed into or carries a close-
sided vessel for containing the material to be pressed.
The operation is as follows:-The seed or other material from which the
fluid is to be expressed is placed in the close-sided vessel, and upon power

page_text: being applied in the main cylinder, the main ram ascends, carrying with it the
auxiliary cylinder and raw, and brings it into pressing contact with a piston or
plunger at the opposite end of the press. As soon as the expression of the
fluid is completed the main ram is allowed to return to its seat, and power is
applied in the auxiliary cylinder, when the auxiliary ram ascends and discharges
the residuum from the top of the close-sided vessel.
I do not confine myself to the use of one close-sided vessel and one auxiliary
cylinder and ram, as I may use two or more such vessels, cylinders, and rams
in combination with one or more main cylinders and rams.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Marshall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JoпN
MARSHALL, of New Cross, in the County of Kent, Civil and Mechanical
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Marshall, Her special licence that I, the said John Marshall,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands. and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR THE EXPRESSION OF FLUIDS FROM SUBSTANCES CON-
TAINING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Marshall, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Marshall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per.

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the employment of what I term a main ram
working in a main hydraulic cylinder in combination with other parts, as
herein-after described. The head of the main ram is fitted on its surface with
a platform, or carries directly upon it an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder and ram,
the upper part of which ram carries a straining apparatus, and is provided
with an outlet for the escape of the fluid expressed, while the upper part of
the cylinder in which the last-named ram works is formed into or carries a
close-sided vessel or chamber for containing the substance to be pressed.
The accompanying Drawing is a sectional elevation of so much of a.
hydraulic press as is necessary to shew the manner in which I carry my
Invention into effect.
:
A is a main hydraulic cylinder, and B the main ram working therein. This
ram carries on its surface an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder C; D is the ram
working in the cylinder C and in a close-sided vessel or chamber E; this
latter ram carries at top a straining apparatus, with an outlet for the expressed
fluid, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me the
29th day of January 1864. F is a passage for conveying the liquid from
pumps into the cylinder C; G is a plunger either at the press head or as
sbewn in the Drawing, resting upon seatings H, H, on the columns of the
press, and in the latter case carrying or forming a second or upper hydraulic
cylinder and discharging ram fitted with a straining apparatus, an outlet for
the expressed fluid, and working in another close-sided vessel or chamber I,
which is brought into pressing contact with a plunger K at the press head;
this upper bydraulic cylinder and discharging ram and parts are similar to the
upper hydraulic cylinder and parts connected with it described in the said
Specification of my said Letters Patent.
The operation is as follows:-The seed or other substance from which the
fluid is to be expressed is placed in the close-sided vessels or chambers E and
I, and upon power being applied in the main cylinder A, the main ram B
ascends, carrying with it the auxiliary cylinder C and ram D, and bringing the
substance contained in the close-sided vessel or chamber E into pressing
contact with the plunger G, lifting the same off the seatings H, H, on the
columns of the press, and bringing the substance contained in the close-sided
vessel or chamber I into pressing contact with the plunger K on the press
bead. As soon as the expression of the fluid is completed the main ram B is
allowed to return to its seat, and power is applied in the auxiliary bydraulic

page_text: cylinder C, as well as in the upper bydraulic cylinder contained within or
carried upon the plunger G, when the respective rams ascend through the
close-sided vessels or chambers E and I, and discharge the residuary matters
from the tops of the same.
Although shewn in the Drawing, I do not in all cases use the upper
hydraulic cylinder and parts connected with it, and the employment thereof
forms no part of my present Invention, but I find it convenient in some cases
to use them. When I dispense with this upper hydraulic cylinder then the
plunger K is connected directly to the press head.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim constructing
presses for the expression of fluids from substances containing the same with a
main hydraulic cylinder and ram combined with an auxiliary hydraulic
cylinder and ram carrying a straining apparatus in a close-sided vessel, all
formed and acting substantially in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Marshall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.