Square-bottomed Paper Bags.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Jan., 1886.
Complete Left, 22nd Nov., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 19th Mar., 1887.
Square-bottomed Paper Bags.
We, CHARLES ANDERSON of Fettykill Paper Mills, Leslie in the County of Fife,
Scotland, Manufacturer, and FRANCIS DIXON BUMSTED of Cannock Chase Foundry
and Engine Works Hednesford in the County of Stafford, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN KINDS OF SQUARE-BOTTOMED PAPER BAGS," to be as
follows:-
Our invention relates to the means employed for folding the bottoms of paper bags
in a square form, but of a somewhat different kind of fold to the form of bag
commonly known as the ordinary "Block bottom" bag, such as is made by the
patent machine of Coates and Bissicks No. 759 year 1879 and the patent machine of
the said F. D. Bumsted No. 5372 year 1881 (one of the present applicants).
The lips of the bag made by our new or improved machine are are not finished to
sharp right angles, but are allowed to open as they are flattened down; these tips
overlap each other and form a perfectly sound bag when pasted. This form or shape
of bag has an advantage over the ordinary "Block bottom" bag, as it is more
convenient for packing in numbers and filling with materials.
The methods we employ in forming the bottom folds of this bag are entirely new
and original.
We wish it to be clearly understood that this invention is an improvement upon
Letters Patent No. 5372 year 1881; and although the form of the bottom fold of the
bag, is different to the ordinary well known Block bottom" bag, yet we employ
many of the parts and movements used in the before mentioned Letters Patent
No. 5372-At the same time, this bag cannot be made on the No. 5372 year 1881
patent machine without our newly invented parts and movements-All the operations
prior to the paper tube being opened and folded, are performed in the same manner
and by similar movements and parts as in the before named patent No. 5372 year
1881; namely, the unreeling of the web of paper by means of a set of levers, and a

page_text: roller worked by the same cam, which draws up the paper on to the "mould plates,"
also the pasting of the paper while in the form of a flat sheet, and before it is cut off
by the knife.
The "mould plates" in our present invention have no moving parts of any kind,
but are formed the same shape as the outline of the bag made thereon, and are each of
one solid piece of plate metal.
The paper having been drawn on to the mould plate, the guide plate is advanced, to
hold the sheet while it is being folded, and to prevent the tube opening beyond the gauge
plate line, a plate is brought over the now folding tube as described and represented
in Letters Patent 5372 year 1881. The mould plates (in this case four, but three,
four or more may be employed) with their centre piece and vertical spindle turning
a quarter of a revolution or other portion of a circle according to the number of mould
plates used.
Situated above the plane of the mould plates, and upon the two opposite sides of the
mould plate presented for receiving a blank to form the bag, are two folders, which
are capable of both a vertical and horizontal movement, for the purpose of folding or
doubling around the mould plate, the paper to form the tube. These folders are
provided with gapped or notched parts, wherein like standing out parts upon a holder
or flapper takes, for the holding of the seam of the bag, to the underside of the mould
plate on the folders retiring. This brings the prepared tube on its mould plate, to
face at right angles to where it was last, and in position for the second process, which
is that of folding, and completing the form of the bottom of the bag. At this point
the mouth of the tube is opened by an advancing "fork," this fork has two prongs,
which are slightly curved, similar to the prongs of an ordinary hay fork. A flat
shaped bar is carried from one point to the other of these prongs; this gives them
rigidity and is also necessary to fold or crease the bag in the desired place. The fork
to open the mouth of the tube is made to advance the tube of paper, and while
advancing is caused to rise as desired, (so as not to tear the paper tube) to a certain
height, and also to determine the distance of one of the folds which afterwards form
one of the sides of the bottom of the bag to be made. As this fork alone would not
form the side of the bottom of the bag as desired, but would tear the paper, we employ
two "swinging arms rigidly connected, and which work together, these serve the
purpose of deflecting the natural convex or outward curve of the paper to an inward,
or concave turn on each side of the fork, while the fork is at about the middle of the
bottom of the bag.
"
The "swinging arms" have at this point a movement in the opposite direction to
the Fork. When this curve of the paper is deflected as much as is desired by the
"swinging arms," the continued motion of the fork forwards and downwards on to
the mould plate, draws the bottom of the bag into form, resembling a paper box
having four equal sides, and open at the top and standing on the mould plate, the
form of mould plate at the front (or point farthest from the centre spindle) causing
the front part of bag to fall into or take a square form. The open square stands
sufficiently high so that when the four sides are folded down flat towards the centre
of the mould plate, the edges of the paper overlap and these having been pasted form
a secure joint, thus the bottom of the bag is secured.
The folding of these four sides of the square to form the bottom of the bag, is done
by a lid or hinged flap being depressed on the paper at the back side, or on that side
nearest to the centre of the machine, by an advancing slide folder on the opposite side,
and by two arms or levers with flatteners thereon worked by vertical spindles, which
fold and flatten down the two corners, causing them to overlap each other in a
direction at right angles to the motions of the hinged flap, and the advancing slide
folder, these arms or levers with flatteners thereon, work in an horizontal plane, and
also serve another purpose before folding the corners of the bag, they hold down in
position on the mould plate the square box like tube before mentioned, to prevent its
springing up, while the fork is lifting and retiring completely out of the square box
like tube which it has formed. When the fork is out of the tube, the tube is then
ready for its four sides to be folded and flattened down. The hinged flap and the

page_text: slide folder are now withdrawn and the finished bag is made to take another quarter
of a revolution to its next resting place, meanwhile the corners of the bag are being
held down flat by a circular guide or holder.
The next movement of the mould plates brings the formed bag to the "taking off
rollers" which come towards it, and the bag is then drawn off, pressed flat, and
delivered on to a table or into a packing rack as desired.
The motions of the various parts are obtained through the intervention of box-
channel and outside cams, also by means of gear and other equivalent expedients, for
producing the necessary advancing and retiring motion of the parts.
CHARLES ANDERSON.
FRANCIS DIXON BUMSTED.
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham,
Agent to the Applicants.

page_text: Square Bottomed Paper Bags.
We, CHARLES ANDERSON of Fettykil Paper Mills, Leslie, in the County of Fife
Scotland Paper Manufacturer and FRANCIS DIXON BUMSTED of Cannock Chase
Foundry and Engine Works Hednesford, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of our invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
THE PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN KINDS OF SQUARE BOTTOMED PAPER BAGS," and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the means employed for folding the bottoms of paper bags
in a square form, but of somewhat different kind of fold to the form of bag commonly
known as the ordinary "Block bottom" bag, such as is made by the patent machine
of Coates & Bissicks No. 759 year 1879 and the patent machine of the said
F. D. Bumsted No. 5372 year 1881, one of the present applicants. The tips of the
bag made by our new or improved machine are not finished to sharp right angles, but
are allowed to open as they are flattened down; these tips overlap each other, and
form a perfectly sound bag when pasted. This form or shape of bag, has an
advantage over the ordinary "Block bottom" bag, as it is more convenient for
packing in numbers and filling with materials.
The methods we employ in forming the bottom folds of this bag are entirely new
and original.
We wish it to be clearly understood that this invention is an improvement upon
Letters Patent No. 5372 year 1881. And although the form of the bottom fold of the
bag is different to the ordinary well known "Block bottom bag," yet we employ
many of the parts and movements used in the before mentioned Letters Patent
No. 5372. At the same time this bag cannot be made on the No. 5372 year 1881
Patent Machine without our newly invented parts and movements. All the operations
prior to the paper tube being opened and folded, are performed in the same manner
and by similar movements and parts as in the before named patent No. 5372
year 1881. Namely, the unreeling of the web of paper on to the "mould plates,"
also the pasting of the paper while in the form of a flat sheet and before it is cut off
by the knife.
The "mould plates" in our present invention have no moving parts of any kind,
but are formed the same shape as the outline of the bag made thereon, and are each of
one solid piece of plate metal.

page_text: The paper having been drawn on to the mouldplate, the guide plate is advanced to
hold the sheet while it is being folded, and to prevent the tube opening beyond the
gauge plate line, a plate is brought over the now folding tube as described and
represented in Letters Patent 5372 year 1881.
The mould plates (in this case four, but three, four or more may be employed) with
their centre piece and vertical spindle turning a quarter of a revolution or other
portion of a circle according to the number of mould plates used.
Situated above the plane of the mould plates, and upon the two opposite sides of the
mould plate presented for receiving a blank to form the bag, are two folders, which
are capable of both a vertical and horizontal movement, for the purpose of folding or
doubling around the mould plate, the paper to form the tube. These folders are
provided with gapped or notched parts, wherein like standing out parts upon a holder
or flapper takes, for the holding of the seam of the bag, to the underside of the mould
plate on the folders retiring.
This brings the prepared tube on its mouldplate, to face at right angles to where
it was last, and in position for the second process, which is that of folding, and
completing the form of the bottom of the bag. At this point the mouth of the tube is
opened by an advancing "fork," this fork has two prongs, which are slightly curved
similar to the prongs of an ordinary hay fork. A flat shaped bar is carried from one
point to the other of these prongs, this gives them rigidity and is also necessary to
fold or crease the bag in the desired place. The fork to open the mouth of the tube is
made to advance into the tube of paper, and while advancing is caused to rise and
subsequently pressed down by lever (so as not to tear the paper tube) to a certain
height, and also to determine the distance of one of the folds which afterwards forms
one of the sides of the bottom of the bag to be made. As this fork alone would not
form the side of the bottom of the bag as desired, but would tear the paper, we employ
two "swinging arms" rigidly connected and which work together, these serve the
purpose of deflecting the natural convex or outward curve of the paper to an inward
or concave curve on each side of the "fork" while the fork is at about the middle of
the bottom of the bag. The "swinging arms have at this point a movement in the
opposite direction to the fork; when this curve of the paper is deflected as much as is
desired by the "swinging arms the continual motion of the fork forwards and
upwards, then subsequently downwards on to the "mould plate" draws the bottom of
the bag into form, resembling a paper box having four equal sides and open at the top
and standing on the mould-plate, the form of mould-plate at the front (or point
farthest from the centre spindle) causing the front part of bag to fall into or take a
square form. The open square stands sufficiently high so that when the four sides are
folded down flat towards the centre of the mould-plate, the edges of the paper overlap,
and these having been pasted form a secure joint, thus the bottom of the bag is
secured.
"2
The folding of these four sides of the square to form the bottom of the bag is done
by a lid or hinged flap being depressed on the paper at the back side or on that side
nearest to the centre of the machine by an advancing slide folder on the opposite side
and by two arms or levers with flatteners thereon, worked by vertical spindles, which
fold and flatten down the two corners causing them to overlap each other in a
direction at right angles to the motions of the hinged flap, and the advancing slide
folder, these arms or levers with flatteners thereon work in a horizontal plane, and
also serve another purpose, (before folding) the corners of the bag) they hold down in
position on the mould plate the square box like tube before mentioned to prevent its
springing up, while the fork is lifting and retiring completely out of the square box
like tube which it has formed; when the fork is out of the tube, the tube is then ready
for its four sides to be folded and flattened down. The hinged flap and and the side
folders are now withdrawn and the finished bag is made to take another quarter of a
revolution to its next resting place, meanwhile the corners of the bag are being held
down flat by a circular guide or holder.
The next movement of the mouldplates brings the formed bag to the "taking off

page_text: rollers," which come toward it, and the bag is then drawn off, pressed flat, and
delivered on to a table or into a packing rack as desired.
The motions of the various parts are obtained through the intervention of box
channel and outside cams, also by means of gear and other equivalent expedients for
producing the necessary advancing and retiring motion of the parts.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the
manner in which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation, figure 2 in side elevation and figure 3 in
plan a paper bag making machine constructed according to our invention. Figure 4
represents a transverse section on the dotted lines A B figure 2, with some of
the parts removed; that is, the said view represents a plan of the mould plates,
No. 1 gauge plate in position and No. 2 gauge plate on which the back hinged flapper,
and its operating mechanism is carried. It also shows in plan, the folders for assisting
the closing in of the bottom of the bag; and it further shows a completed bag upon
one of the mould plates, just before it is drawn therefrom by the taking off rolls.
The flattened folds of the closed end of the bag are shown moving under the guard on
the change of position of the mould plates. Figure 5 represents a portion of a paper
bag with its bottom only partially closed, by the processes as will be hereinafter fully
described. Figure 6 represents the same with the bottom fully closed, but before the
enclosing tips or folds are finally pressed flat, or into the plane of the sides of the bag,
by the bag bottom folders, which constitutes the last process, before delivery to the
taking off rollers.
Figure 7 represents in section, the spindle sleeve and sleeve arm, (with bracket) for
working the No. 2 gauge plate and back flapper, for producing the back and second
fold of the bag. Figure 8 represents both the said spindle, sleeve in front elevation,
part in section, also the gauge plate, and flapper as aforesaid, which is carried upon,
and by the swinging gauge plate. This view also shows the means, whereby the
rising of the spindle gives the flapper the necessary angular movement, and figure 9
represents a front end elevation (partly in section) and figure 10 represents a back
end elevation of the said parts figure 8. Figure 11 represents the front slide, mounted
upon the slide carrier.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of
the Drawings.
a is the general framing of the machine, b b b b are four mouldplates (made in one
piece, or connected together, and having no moving parts of any kind) of the same
conformation or outline, of the inside of a bag to be made; and which said mould-
plates are mounted horizontally upon a vertical shaft 63, situated within the middle
part of the machine, as seen in figure 2 in side elevation, and in plan at figure 4, and
it is around these thin plates that a bag is moulded or formed. 63 is the mould plate
table, upon which the mould plates are carried. cc are two side "tube" folder levers,
consisting of two radially disposed arms, jointed at their upper bossed end to the
bracket care the folders best seen in figure 1, and care gaps cut therein, and
wherein the rectangular studs d' of the holders or flappers d take, for the purpose of
holding the overlapping pasted edges at intermediate points upon the underside of the
mouldplate b, the said folders c³ ³ coming thereunder, as hereinafter more particularly
described. These side folders are for the purpose of doubling around the mould plate
a paper blank to form a tube, which constitutes the first process, in the formation of a
bag, after the knife has descended. These folders as aforesaid are right and left
handed.
c³ is a cam for working the right hand folder and c is a cam for working the left
hand folder, (see plan figure 3) and which said cams receive their motion from the
supplementary driving shaft e. The folders are so arranged, that one is made to move
a little in advance of the other, so as to produce the necessary overlapping of the
seams of the folded blank. fis what we hereinafter call the No. 1 gauge plate, which
consists essentially of a flat piece of sheet metal, brought down upon the top of the
blank drawn upon the mouldplate, and which said gauge plate holds the said paper

page_text: blank firmly in position during the time it is being severed from the web, and also
while it is being folded into a tube. This gauge plate is carried at the bottom of a
slide, working within a guide f³, and which said slide has a rising and falling
motion imparted thereto by a cam f upon the shaft e,.and by a coiled spring f'; the
former of which gives the necessary pressing down motion, while the latter causes
the gauge plate No. 1 to retire, on the semi-rotation of the mould plate, after the
blank has been folded into a tube around the mould plate. Thus, the rotation of the
cam, brings the gauge plate upon the top side of the folded blank or tube,
the retirement of which is effected by the coiled spring.
The cam which operates the slide is timed, so that the shaft upon which it is
mounted, makes one revolution to each quarter rotation of the mould plate carrying
shaft.
The flappers d d² are hinged or jointed at d³ upon a central bracket d* fixed upon
the underside of the mould plate table. These flappers d d are worked by a lever d³
jointed at to a supporting bracket d', and which said lever is operated by an incline
faced cam d8 on the shaft 9. Thus the rotation of the shaft operates the lever and
brings the studd from the underside or to the underside of the joint end of the
flappers; so that by the lowering of the stud by the movement of the lover, the said
flappers fall by their own weight, and when moved in the reverse direction by the
action of the cam, they are taken into position as represented in figure 2, thereby
bringing the standing out studs or raised parts d², between the gaps ct of the folders c,
which hold the overlapping longitudinal seam of the tube at intermediate points,
leaving the pasted parts unimpressed at the other parts, on the retiring of the
folders.
The said flappers turn round with the mould plates or with the mouldplate axis, in
presenting the tube, whose seam is being held by one of them, to the expedients for
the closing in of the bottom of the bag. is a star wheel mounted and rotating with
the same vertical shaft 62 as the mouldplates b; and which said shaft is supported by
the bearing sleeve a²; thus the mould plates are driven by the star wheel, which has
a quarter rotation given to it, by means of a horizontal disc wheel i, having upon its
upper face, a standing up rim or flange. This disc also carries a pin or stud 3,
which works into the forked or open ended slots h² of the star wheel h; and it is by
this stud that the quarter rotation is given.
The rim of the disc i is of the exact radius as the concave sides 3 of the star
wheel; so that the said rim keeps the axis of the mouldplate perfectly rigid after it
has received the necessary quarter rotation, by the convex of the one, lying and taking
within the concave of the other; and during the time that the shaft is held as
aforesaid, the expedients for the closing in of the bottom of the bag are brought into
operation.
The disc wheel is driven by the bevil wheel gearing with the bevil wheel 2*
mounted upon the main shaft g.
Motion is communicated to the upper shaft e from the main shaft g, by bevil
gearing,,, e, through the intervention of the shaft j. k is a semi-circular guard,
under which the tips or folded parts of the bottom of the bag are held down on being
carried round to the delivery or taking off rolls thereinafter described. This guard is
best seen in the plan figure 4. mm² are bag bottom folders turning upon centres m³ m²,
and worked respectively from channel cams m³ ms on the top shaft e best seen in the
plan figure 4. These folders of the bag bottom simply swing round or have a semi-
rotation given to them by cams, and produce the lateral or side creases at the bottom
of the bag, as fully described in detail later on.
n is a fork designed for opening out the bottom end or mouth of the tube prior to
the closing in of the said end; that is, the foot n is made to advance into the bottom
open end of the bag, and while advancing, it is made to rise to a determinate
height, which contracts the distance between the opposite sides of the bag, which are
then broken or creased by the retiring of the swinging arms o, turning upon the
pivot o as a centre. n³ is an inclined guide upon which the fork n slides. n' is a

page_text: lever or arm turning upon a joint pin no, and which is operated by a plain cam n' on
the top shaft e. n is a coiled spring for taking the foot end n' of the fork out of the
mouth of the bottom of the bag on the folders and flappers coming into action.
The swinging arms o have turned up lower ends o¹, which are advanced in a
swinging manner upon the joints 2 by the coiled spring of distended between the
arms o and the framing of the machine; that is, on the moving outwardly of the
slide p, the spring brings the bridle or upper part o³ of the arms to the back of
the fork, thereby turning the said swinging arms upon their joint centres; so that on
being liberated, (when the slides retires) the forward lower ends o¹ are made to close
in the opposite sides of the open end of the tube.
The slide is operated by a box cam p² mounted upon a vertical shaft, which
receives its motion through the bevil gearing, e³, the latter being on the end of the
top shaft . is an arm having at its end a pin p', which works within the race p
(see plan) of the box cam p², motion being transmitted from thence, to the upright
spindle by the arm p to the slide; connection being made by the slotted end p
and the pin p¹ of the arm or bar plo.
is the No. 2 gauge plate (best seen in figures 4 8, 9 and 10,) and which is centred
upon the joint or joint pin -This No. gauge plate, lies on the top of the tube
(to form the bag) near its outer end, and determines the amount of paper to be lifted
by the fork n.
The working of the hinged flapper is effected by the lever q* connected at its front
end to the spindle q³, and imparts motion to the said hinged flapper r, down the
sleeve ', while the other or back end y' of the said lever is actuated by a plain cam q
on the shaft e. The upward movement of the said spindle is effected by the distended
spring, at the time when the flapper is required to rise after the cam q® has fulfilled
its duty.
The swinging of the gauge plate q carrying the hinged flapper r, is effected through
its lever q¹º actuated by cam q³, (as best seen in figures 1, 3, 8, 9 and 10.
The slide s mounted upon the slide carrier s', presses down the first and front fold,
a little in advance of the back fold, as shown in side view figures 1 and 2. This front
slides is actuated by the arm s³ connected in such a way to the said front slide that it
is made to press the paper inwards and flat upon the mould plate as shown, vt figure 6.
This back flapper and front slide are timed to move one in advance of the other, to
give the necessary overlapping of the edges of the paper. is the fulcrum upon
which the armi s turns, while s is a standing out arm on the side of the former, which
is depressed by the cam s, on the main shaft g, the return movement being effected
by the spring s. 87 is a slide carrier, to the outward end of which, the long upright
arm is connected. t are drawing off pulleys, rotated by driving pulleys ttt,
which former t t t are mounted upon a movable upright frame to jointed at its lower
end at t. The necessary pushing out motion for taking or drawing the finished bag
from off the mould plate presented to the taking off rollers t is effected by a bar t
worked by a cam ta on the main axis g; thus on the end of the bag being nipped
between the rolls t, and while rotary motion is still imparted to them, the upright
arm to is turned outwardly, which pulls or removes the bag from the mouldplate.
u is the fixed cutter, and u² the movable cutter, operated by the pressed down
bar u³. is a coiled spring for effecting the return movement of the said movable
cutter, which is jointed at the end u*.
The action of the machine is as follows.
Paper having been drawn upon the mouldplate, the rotation of the cam fpresses
the slide 2, and with it the gauge plate f upon the top side of the blank, thereby
holding it in position. The knife 2 then descends, and severs that portion of the
paper which is to form the blank from the web, and which said blank is held as before
stated between the underside of the gauge plate f, and the top side of the mould plate;
this done, the two side folders e³ ca then advance, one a little before the other, and in
opposite directions, which thereby bend or fold the sides of the blank thereunder, or
under the mould plate, to form the tube; this is the first process in the formation of a
bag.

page_text: While the bag is thus being held by the folders, the underneath flappers d are then
pushed up to the underside of the mouldplate, with the projections d' upon their upper
sides passing between the gaps ct of the folders c. These said projections hold the
overlapping seam of the tube at intermediate points. While being thus held by the
flappers, which are pressed upwards by the stud or projection d' the folders c³ ³ then
retire, and so also does the gauge plate f.
The mouldplate with the tube around it and the flappers thereunder now rotate
together a quarter of a revolution, by means of a stud of the disc wheel i engaging
within the open forked ends h³ of the star wheel h; this brings the mouldplate and
parts connected with it, in front of the expedients, for the closing in of the bottom of
the tube, and with the flange of the disc plate i, resting or seating itself within the
concave of the star wheel h.
This brings the prepared tube on its mould plate, at right angles to where it was
last, and in position for the second process which is that of folding, or gathering in by
overlapping pleats and folds, the bottom of the bag.
The gauge plate No. 2, then passes into position or crosses the tube transversely
near the front end, or that end to be enclosed. This plate determines the area of the
bottom of the bag, produces the necessary transverse crease for the folding of the
bottom flat to the sides, and also determines the extent to which the mouth shall be
allowed to open out on the moving forward of the fork.
At this point, the mouth or bottom of the tube is opened, by the advancing forward,
rising and the sliding downwards of the fork n, the former motion being produced by
the retiring inwards of the slide p through the influence of the box cam p², while the
latter movement is created by the long arm of the lever n* pressing upon the top of
the said fork. This advancing movement of the fork (and the opening out of the
mouth of the bag) by the inward motion of the slide, turns the swinging arms o upon
their joint centres o² (supported by fixed bracket 0³) caused by the bridle part o³
coming at the back of the fork which moves the swinging arms in the reverse
direction to the motion of the slide. Thus the fork on the opening out of the mouth
of the bag or the bottom of the tube, is made to advance therein, and while advancing
is caused to rise to a certain height then again advance; the rising as aforesaid being
equivalent to the distance of one of the folds, which subsequently forms one of the
sides to the bottom of the bag.
During the time of the opening out of the mouth by the foot of the fork, the
swinging arms o are brought into operation and moved in a direction opposite to
the motion of the fork, which said movement of the swinging arms deflect the natural
convex or outside curve of the paper, to an inward or concave turn on each side of the
fork; this is during the time that the fork is about at the middle of the bottom of
the bag.
On the desired deflection having been given to the sides of the open mouth by the
swinging arms, and the continued forward and downward motion of the forks, fashions
or draws the bottom of the bag into form; this having been done, the bag bottom
folders m m² now swing round upon their vertical bearings m, and push in the two
opposite sides of the bag, and hold the partly made bottom, while the fork and
swinging arms now retire, which thereby leaves the bottom of the bag to the square
shape represented in figure 5; that is, the fork opens out the mouth v as shown, while
the swinging arms and side folders combined with the forward motion of the fork,
give the sides and tips v¹ v.
The back flapper r and the front slide s, one in advance of the other, move into
position or press downwards by their flap like motion, the back flap v. These last
named movements of the bottom folders press or flatten down the tips or flaps v¹ with
the one overlapping the other, as represented in the plan figure 4; this completes the
formation of the bottom of the bag.
The hinged back and front slide are now withdrawn, and the finished bag is taken
round another quarter of a revolution with the pasted flaps of 3 and the front flap vª,
R

page_text: with the seam edge of the former overlapping the seam edge of the latter, as snown at
figures 4 and 6.
The last movement of the mould-plate, presents the outward end of the bag to the
nip of the rolls t and is taken off as before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :-
First. Forming or producing the tubes of block bottomed and other paper bags by
means of swinging folder arms ce¹ with gapped folder plates at their lower ends,
which work in unison and advance differentially towards each other and fold or tuck
the side edges of the paper blank to form the tube, under and around a mould plate,
with the edge of the one side, overlapping the edge of the other side. The longi-
tudinal seam of the overlapping edges is held at intervening points or between the
gaps of the folder plates by hinged flappers or holders d d which move into position
on the underside of the mould plate on the completion of folding, while the blank and
tube subsequently formed, is held in position upon the mould-plate during the
respective cutting off from the web and folding by a rising and falling gauge plate ƒ,
substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly. Operating or working the parts in the preceding claim by motions,
cams, slides, levers and springs as herein described in the Specification and illustrated
in the Drawings.
Thirdly. Making combined mould plates, or mould plates in a series, (which are
mounted upon an axis) in one piece, without movable parts, substantially as described
and illustrated.
Fourthly. Making the folders of paper bag machines swing to and fro upon joint
centres, and with the meeting edges of the folder plates of the same, gapped or cut
out, for the purpose of admitting therethrough projections carried by hinged flappers
or like expedients for holding the longitudinal pasted seam of a tube, at intermediate
points substantially as described and illustrated.
Fifthly Gapping the meeting or adjacent edges of folder plates, whether the said
folders swing or slide, substantially as described and set forth.
Sixthly. In hinged or jointed flappers d having raised parts or cross projections d'
on their top faces, for the holding of a pasted seam of a paper tube, at intermediate
points, through gaps or spaces or between the adjacent edges of the folder plates,
substantially as described and set forth.
Seventhly. The swinging gauge plate and the auxiliary means and appliances
for swinging, raising and lowering or otherwise bringing the same into and out of
fosition substantially for the purpose herein described and set forth.
Eighthly. The intermittent swinging side folders m m³, (in which one works a little
in advance of the other) for the purpose substantially as herein described and set
forth.
a
Ninthly. Opening out the mouth or bottom end of paper tubes (for the making of
bag) subsequent to the folding in of the sides, by means of an inclined fork n n
which is made to advance horizontally by a slide p and vertically by a lever n* and
cam n, substantially as described and set forth; also making the fork slide upon an
incline n³, and taking it out of position by a spring n³.
Tenthly. The swinging parallel side arms o (with bridle connector 0³) turning
upon joint centres o³ carried by a fixed frame o and which said swinging arms are
operated in one direction by the action of the slide p, while in the other direction by
a spring o*.
Eleventhly. The hinged back flappers and front slide, the former carried by
the gauge plate q, and worked from the sleeve q' which partly operates the said gauge
plate, while the latter is worked through the intervention of the slide carrier by the

page_text: jointed arms and slide s', substantially as and for the purpose herein described and
illustrated.
Twelfthly. The means for operating, controlling and working the parts, other than
those specified in the preceding claims substantially as described and illustrated.
Lastly. The combined mechanism, or the construction and arrangement or
combination of the parts of mechanism, as described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, for the making or production of paper bags having square shaped
bottoms.