Improved Apparatus for Heating Liquids having an Intermittent or Continuous Circulation.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Jan., 1898-Accepted, 4th June, 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Heating Liquids having an Intermittent
or Continuous Circulation.
I, JEAN MODESTE LUCIEN ROUQUAND, of the Hôtel de France, Kieff, in the
Empire of Russia, Hotel Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object an apparatus for heating liquids with an
intermittent or continuous circulation of the liquids heated. This circulation
is ensured automatically by the combination of very simple mechanical parts as
shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings which show the
principle of my invention.
This apparatus consists of an hermetically closed boiler C communicating with
the exterior by means of a feed tube A and a discharge or ascension tube E. The
tube A is closed by means of a valve K, and a small pipe G branches off the pipe E
and is closed by a valve R connected with a float F and having also a small
opening O.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-
--
Figure 1 shows a diagram of the apparatus when empty and cold, the valve K
is closed, the float F is only subjected to the action of its own weight, the valve R
which it governs being entirely open.
The
Figure 2 shows the apparatus still cold at the moment of filling. The liquid
from the feed tube encountering no other resistance than the slight weight of
the valve K flows into the boiler and raises the float F which causes the valve R
to close, whilst the opening 0 allows the air to escape from the vessel.
vessel C being filled, the liquid rises in the pipe E to the level N N¹ (Figure 3)
which represents the equilibrium of the pressure exerted on both sides of the
valve K.
As soon as the apparatus is heated, the steam formed is compressed in the upper
region of the boiler, forcing the liquid into the tube E, while the increase of
pressure temporarily closes the valve K. When a portion of the liquid has been
discharged from the boiler, the level sinks and the float F opens the valve R more
and more, Figure 4.
When the level of the liquid has descended below the lower opening of the
pipe E, Figure 2, the float has completely opened the valve R. The steam which
hitherto could not force a suflicient passage by the narrow opening Ŏ then escapes
by the branch G of the pipe E. The dimensions of the small opening O are
insufficient for any large escape of steam, the opening being provided only for the
escape of air when the boiler is being filled, and it is not intended for the escape of
steam although a little will of course pass through. The pressure in the boiler
by the complete opening of the valve R is reduced to the atmospheric pressure
which is inferior to the pressure exerted on the valve K by the column of liquid in
the tube A. The liquid of the feed reservoir then penetrates again into the
apparatus until it has perfectly filled it, as is shown in Figure 3, and the opera-
tions hereinbefore described with regard to Figures 2, 3 and 4 are reproduced

page_text: automatically at intervals which are nearer together as the part of the ascension
tube E immersed in the boiler is shorter. The only communication of the
boiler with the outside is through the feed tube A and the ascension tube E.
Air escaping from the boiler through the opening O aforesaid passes to the outside
into and through the tube E during the filling of the boiler.
It is also evident that if the hot liquid ejected is returned to the boiler for the
feeding of the same, the circulation becomes very active and almost continuous.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 show as examples the application of the principles
herein before mentioned to certain domestic apparatuses or utensils such as coffee
pots and washing-vessels of all kinds.
Figure 5 shows a vertical section of my improved arrangement fitted to any
suitable coffee pot. The ascension tube E opens above a plate L which covers a
filter M. The feed tube A fixed at the bottom of the coffee pot allows of the
return of the liquid ejected into the chamber C which accelerates the circulation
as I have stated herein before.
Figure 6 shows in detail a mode of operating the valve R by the float F with a
parrow passage o allowing the discharge of the compressed air when the valve R
is closed.
Figure 7 shows a combination of the same arrangements applied to a coffee pot
having a removable glass globe N allowing the movements of the liquid to be
watched.
Figure 8 shows the application of my apparatus to a household washing appara-
tus having an intermittent circulation of hot liquid, such liquid being capable of
being heated in any suitable receptacle of small capacity such for instance as a
samovar or tea-urn.
Figures 9 and 10 show the application of the same apparatus to washing-vessels
for laundries, schools, hotels, hospitals and the like requiring a larger apparatus
and including a special boiler C. Figure 9 shows in detail the special construction
of the valve K allowing it to be fitted in any, suitable point in the return pipe.
In the various figures the same letters of reference refer to the same parts.
I reserve the right of introducing in my apparatus any suitable modifications
of construction enabling the same result to be obtained thus simply, for instance
the lateral pipe G and the valve R may be dispensed with. The float F has then
a vertical tube passing through it, which vertical tube slides in the tube E and is
capable of uncovering at a certain point of its course suitable openings formed in
the tube E for the escape of the steam as shown in Figure 11 of the accompanying
drawings.
I reserve the right of making such use of my apparatus as it is capable of for
heating liquids in the manner before described, for heating, washing, steeping,
maceration, infusion or saturation purposes and, all operations of frequent domestic
or industrial use requiring the employment of a hot liquid having an intermittent
or continuous movement.
I further reserve the right of making use of this apparatus for the heating of
water, coffee or the like for military purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
-:
1. An apparatus for heating liquids in which an intermittent or continuouş
circulation of the heated liquids is obtained automatically by the simple combina-
tion of a valve (K), pipes (E and A), a float (F) and valve (R) substantially as
herein before described, with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the accompanying
drawings.
2. The application of the herein described arrangement to all domestic usages
and more particularly to coffee pots of all kinds such substantially as shown in
connection with Figures 5. G. 7 of the accompanying drawings

page_text: 3. The application of the herein described apparatus to washing-vessels of all
sizes substantially as hereinbefore described and shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10 of
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of January 1808
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.