IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING VENTILATORS AND FOR INDICATING THE STATE OF THE TEMPERATURE IN ANY GIVEN PLACE AT A DISTANCE FROM SUCH PLACE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Morris of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Gentleman for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING
VENTILATORS AND FOR INDICATING THE STATE OF THE TEMPERATURE IN ANY
GIVEN PLACE AT A DISTANCE FROM SUCH PLACE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER
PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Morris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1882.
HENRY MORRIS, of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING VENTILATORS AND FOR INDICATING
THE STATE OF THE TEMPERATURE IN ANY GIVEN PLACE, AT A DISTANCE FROM SUCH
PLACE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
"
The object of my invention is in the first place to supply a means for automatically
opening and closing ventilators in public or private buildings such as churches,
works, conservatories, hot-houses, or in any place where it is desirable to maintain
a regular temperature.
Secondly, to indicate by alarum or dials or by both the state of the temperature
in any given place at a distance from that place; for example, to indicate the
temperature in mines at the pit's mouth or in the offices connected with the works:
or in the case of conservatories, hot-houses and other similar structures to show in
the gardener's residence or elsewhere the state of the temperature in any particular
house or in the whole of them. There are, however, many other cases in which a
temperature indicator or alarum might be used with advantage and manifestly
also as a fire alarm.
In performing my invention I fit in any convenient place in the building to be
ventilated a tube which forms a reservoir for glycerine, or other suitable inexpensive
liquid that is sensitive to the variations in temperature, one end of which is securely
closed and to the other end a stuffing box is attached, through which a short piston
is moved by the expansion of the liquid in the tube. With the contraction of the
liquid the piston falls again assisted either by a counterpoise or the weight of
the ventilating or other apparatus to which it is attached.

page_text: The length of the tube or reservoir is determined by the length of the stroke or
motive power required which necessarily depends on the amount of glycerine or
other liquid employed and when a single straight tube would be inconveniently
long a helical, zigzag, or other shaped tube may be used or a series of tubes may be
so arranged that the liquid. may have a free passage through them to the tube
containing the piston.
For the purpose of ventilation the apparatus may be adjusted in such a manner
that on the temperature rising above a certain point, the piston being forced out by
the expansion of the liquid in the tube or reservoir actuates a lever connected with
the ventilating apparatus and gradually opens the ventilator: The higher the
temperature becomes the more the ventilator is opened. On the temperature falling
to the desired point and the consequent contraction of the liquid, the piston sinks
again in the tube and the ventilator is gradually closed:
For the simple purpose of indicating the temperature at a distance or giving an
alarm when the temperature is above the maximum heat desired or below the
minimum, a much smaller apparatus would suffice, although constructed on the same
principle, as the whole of the power required is that which may be necessary to form
an electric contact by the rise or fall of the piston. This is effected by having a
projection or cross bar at the top of the piston which on passing a certain point
indicating the maximum heat presses together the points of contact in an electric
wire which are ordinarily kept apart by means of a spring and the circuit being
completed the alarum is rung wherever it may be fixed. A similar result is
obtained and in the same manner when the piston in its fall passes the point
indicating the minimum temperature desired. It is, if required, a matter of detail
to register the actual temperature in degrees on a dial by means of a transmitter,
a series of studs or keys being so arranged that one of them is always pressed by
the piston, each one in turn registering on the dial the number of degrees that
corresponds with the elevation of the piston.
The apparatus may also be used for regulating the temperature of liquids in
manufacturing or other purposes, the action of the piston being made to work the
valves in the hot and cold supply pipes or the dampers of furnaces or the admission
valve of gas for combustion.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Morris in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th January
1883.
HENRY MORRIS of Manchester in the County of Lancaster Gentleman
"IMPROVEMENTS IN, APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING, VENTILATORS AND FOR INDICATING
THE STATE OF THE TEMPERATURE IN ANY GIVEN PLACE AT A DISTANCE FROM SUCH
PLACE, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is in the first place to supply a means for automatically
opening and closing ventilators in public or private buildings, such as churches,
works, conservatories, hot-houses, or in any place where it is desirable to maintain
a regular temperature.
Secondly, to indicate by alarum or dials, or by both, the state of the temperature
in any given place at a distance from that place: for example, to indicate the
temperature in mines at the pits mouth or in the offices connected with the works
or in the case of conservatories, hot-houses and other similar structures, to show in
the gardener's residence or elsewhere the state of the temperature in any particular
house or in the whole of them. There are, however, many other cases in which a
temperature indicator or alarum might be used with advantage and manifestly also
as a fire alarm.
In performing my Invention I fit in any convenient place in the building to be
ventilated, a tube which forms a reservoir for glycerine or other suitable inexpensive
liquid that is sensitive to the variations in temperature, one end of which is
securely closed and to the other end a stuffing box is attached through which a
short piston is moved by the expansion of the liquid in the tube. With the
contraction of the liquid the piston falls again assisted either by a counterpoise or
the weight of the ventilating or other apparatus to which it is attached.
The length of the tube or reservoir is determined by the length of the stroke or
motive power required which necessarily depends on the amount of glycerine or
other liquid employed and when a single straight tube would be inconveniently
long a helical, zigzag or other shaped tube may be used or a series of tubes may be
so arranged that the liquid may have a free passage through them to the tube
containing the piston.
For the purpose of ventilation the apparatus may be adjusted in such a manner
that on the temperature rising above a certain point, the piston, being forced out
by the expansion of the liquid in the tube or reservoir actuates a lever connected
with the ventilating apparatus and gradually opens the ventilator-the higher the
temperature becomes the more the ventilator is opened. On the temperature falling
to the desired point and the consequent contraction of the liquid the piston sinks
again in the tube and the ventilator is gradually closed.
For the simple purpose of indicating the temperature at a distance or giving an
alarm when the temperature is above the maximum heat desired or below the
minimum, a much smaller apparatus would suffice although constructed on the
same principle, as the whole of the power required is that which may be necessary
to form an electric contact by the rise or fall of the piston. This is effected by
having a projection or crossbar at the top of the piston which on passing a certain
point indicating the maximum heat, presses together the points of contact in an
electric wire which are ordinarily kept apart by means of a spring and the circuit
being completed the alarum is rung where ever it may be fixed. A similar result
is obtained and in the same manner when the piston in its fall passes the point

page_text: indicating the minimum temperature desired. It is, if required, a matter of detail
to register the actual temperature in degrees on a dial by means of a transmitter, a
series of studs or keys being so arranged that one of them is always pressed by the
piston, each one in turn registering on the dial the number of degrees that
corresponds with the elevation of the piston.
The apparatus may also be used for regulating the temperature of liquids in
manufacturing or other purposes the action of the piston being made to work the
valves in the hot and cold supply pipes or the dampers of furnaces or the admission
valve of gas for combustion.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will describe the accompanying sheet of drawings reference being had
to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of my improved apparatus. Fig. 2 is an elevation and
Fig. 3 a plan of another form of my improved apparatus for adjusting ventilators
or for other purposes and Fig. 4 represents an application of my Invention applied
to ventilating a room in a dwelling house.
In Fig. 1-a a are two metal tubes made in the form of coils in order to offer a
large area to be acted upon by changes in temperature or if more convenient one
or more coils might be used. The two coils a a are connected and joined to the
bottom of an upright tube a' in which is a plunger or piston 6 working in a
stuffing box b' at the upper end of the tube a¹. The plunger b is connected to a
lever c which adjusts the ventilators or whatever apparatus it is desired to regulate
or the plunger b may actuate the ventilators or other apparatus by means of wires
and pulleys. The two metal coils a a are filled with oil, glycerine or other suitable
liquid which rises in the tube a¹ to the level of the top of the coils a. a. When the
temperature rises, the liquid in the coils a a expands and rises in the upright tube
a forcing the plunger b upward. When the temperature falls the liquid contracts
and the plunger b assisted by the weight of the apparatus it has to move follows it
down the tube a¹ in its descent thus providing the necessary motive power for
regulating or adjusting ventilators, valves for the supply of liquids, dampers for
stoves or furnaces and other purposes.
In Figs. 2 and 3-a o are horizontal tubes containing oil, glycerine or other
suitable liquid connected to a vertical tube a¹ in which is a plunger or piston b
working in a stuffing box b' at the upper end of the tube a'. This plunger b
actuates a lever or wires and pulleys and thus regulates the ventilators or other
apparatus as already described in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 4a is the ordinary cornice pole (which supports the window curtains) made
in the form of a tube and nearly filled with oil, glycerine, or other suitable liquid: 6
is a plunger or piston which works in a stuffing box at the end of the tube and is
connected to a small bell crank lever c. This bell crauk lever c is connected to the
ventilator to open and close it. When the temperature rises, the liquid in the tube
expands, forces the plunger b outward thus actuating the bell crank lever c and
opening the ventilator. When the temperature falls the liquid contracts and a
suitable spring or counterpoise causes the plunger b to follow the liquid and thus
closes the ventilator. Similar tubes fitted as above may be placed in any position
in a room to operate the ventilators, for instance, the rods used to carry pictures
may be made as tubes and thus employed or a single tube may be carried round the
cornice of the room or round the skirting board when it is desired to offer a large
surface to the variations in temperature and thus render the apparatus highly
sensitive.
I am aware that prior to my Invention the expansion of oils and other liquids
has been used to operate ventilators but the apparatus hitherto tried has been both
costly and complicated as well as ineffective through want of power. My improved
apparatus, however, is both cheap and simple while considerable motive power can
be obtained by means of the large area offered to the action of the temperature by
arranging the tubes containing liquid in the manner described herein.

page_text: The whole of the apparatus may consist of a single pipe of any length or form,
straight, coiled or bent, provided that there is a short length of straight pipe at one
end for the plunger to work in.
Having stated the nature of my Invention and described the manner of
performing the same.
I declare that I claim.
1. The improved apparatus substantially as and for the purposes herein shown
and described.
2. The application of a tube or tubes (containing oil, glycerine, or other suitable
liquid) in combination with a plunger to actuate a lever or levers or by other means
to regulate ventilators or other apparatus according to the variations or changes in
temperature in the manner herein shown and described.
In witness whereof I the said Henry Morris have hereunto set my hand
and seal this twenty third day of January One thousand eight hundred and
eighty three.
HENRY MORRIS (L.S.)