IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Cooper, of Frome, in the County of
Somerset, Woollen Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 4th February 1862, and dated the 13th August 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1861.
I, BENJAMIN COOPER, of Frome, in the County of Somerset, Woollen
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM.
PROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the spinning and doubling
of woollen yarn. To this end I construct a machine with a series of spindles
for receiving a series of bobbins charged with condensed sliver; these slivers
I lead severally up an arm of the flyer of their respective spindles, and pass
them between a pair of nipping rollers, and by rotary motion communicated to
the spindles I throw a sufficient twist into the slivers to allow of their being
drawn. In advance of these nipping rollers drawing rollers are provided, and
further in advance of these is a second series of spindles and flyers. The
twisted slivers are passed into the nip of the drawing rollers and drawn to the
required extent, and they then pass down to the second set of flyers, which
complete the spinning operation, and lay the yarns upon bobbins provided to
receive them. When it is desired to double the yarns, say with a thread of
silk, the cops of silk may be arranged in front of the machine and led between

page_text: the drawing rollers and down to the second set of flyers, together with the
woollen yarn.
The silk will then be lapped round the woollen yarn at the
same time that the completion of the spinning of the woollen yarn is being
effected. When two woollen yarns are to be doubled in this machine, two
adjacent slivers, after being twisted and drawn, may be led to the same flyer
to be doubled. Or yarn already spun may be introduced into the machine
and doubled with the yarn, which is in the act of being spun.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Cooper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
13th February 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
COOPER, of Frome, in the County of Somerset, Woollen Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Benjamin Cooper, Her special license that I, the said Benjamin
Cooper, my executors, administrators and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Benjamin Cooper, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, au Invention
for IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Cooper, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Cooper, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-

page_text: This Invention relates to a novel arrangementor combination of mechanical
parts whereby spinning and doubling may be effected by one continuous
operation, which mechanism is applicable also either to the spinning or the
doubling of yarns when the combined operation is not required.
The chief object of the Invention is to facilitate the spinning and doubling
of woollen yarns, but I would remark that silk or cotton spun into yarn before
being brought to this machine may be doubled with the woollen
yarn that
is being spun in the machine.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 represents in partial front view a
spinning and doubling machine constructed according to my Invention, and
Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section of the same.
This machine is repre-
sented as made double or fitted with a double set of parts for spinning and
doubling, but when thought desirable the Invention may be equally well
applied to single machines. In these Figures A, A, is the main framing.
Near the bottom of this framing a series of spindles a, a, and a', a¹, is mounted,
carrying respectively the flyers b and b¹, by which the first twist is put into the
fibres under operation. Supposing the fibres intended to be spun and doubled
to be of wool, they are brought to the machine in the form of coils of sliver c,c,
and c, c, and placed upon loose bobbins on the spindles a and a'. The ends
of the slivers are respectively threaded through the eyes of the flyers b and b¹;
those from the flyers 6 are then led up through a guide bar d, and passed
between a pair of nipping rollers e, e, while those from the flyers b¹ pass
directly to the nipping rollers e¹, c¹. These pairs of rollers e and e¹ are all
mounted on the same line, and they are each capable of being thrown out of
action without interfering with the operation of adjacent rollers. From these
nipping rollers the yarns (having previously received the requisite twist from
the flyers b,,) pass respectively up through fixed guides, and thence to the
drawing rollers fand f¹, by which they are drawn to the required size. The
drawn yarns then pass down to the doubling flyers g, which are mounted on a
line of spindles h, set in steps within the framing of the machine. I may here
remark that all the spindles and driven nipping and drawing rollers of the
machine are so mounted or fitted as to admit of any oue spindle or pair of
rollers of the series being thrown out of action without it being required to
stop the machine. When it is intended to double two woollen yarns spun in
the machine, I lead up two yarns, one from a flyer b, and the other from a
flyer b', to the same pair of drawing rollers, as shewn at 1 and 2, Fig. 1; they
will therefore be drawn together. The drawn yarns now pass down to the
same flyer g, by which they will be doubled. If all the yarns spun in the
machine are. thus doubled, only one half of the doubling flyers 9 will be in
g

page_text: action at the same time. When however the yarn to be doubled with that
spun in the machine is spun in a separate machine, all the doubling flyers may
be kept in action. The spun yarns 1 introduce into the machine in the form
of cops, as shewn at i, i, or wound on bobbins, as may be thought most
desirable; and I lead up one of the yarns, together with one of the yarns
from the spinning flyers or b₁, to the same pair of drawing rollers, as
shewn at 3 and 4, Fig. 1. By this means the yarns proceeding from the
flyers and are drawn, as before explained, and they each-pass, together.
with a yarn from a cop i, to the doubling flyer g, where they are united into
a doubled yarn. In this manner spun yarns of wool, silk, cotton, or other
fibrous material may be doubled with the yarn spun in my improved
machine, at the option of the manufacturer.
Having described the action of the operating parts of the machine, I will
now proceed to explain the manner in which these parts are driven and thrown
out of action. The main driving shaft of the machine is shewn at B, as
receiving motion from a strap from any prime mover.. On this shaft is keyed
a small pulley, a strap from which drives a pulley C mounted on a stud axle,
and carrying at its boss a small spur pinion. This spur pinion gears into a
spur wheel D, keyed on the shaft of the lower drawing rollers f, f', and thereby
conveys rotary motion thereto. On the shaft of the lower nipping rollers is
keyed a pulley E, which receives a strap from a driving pulley on the shaft of
the lower drawing rollers, and thus obtains its rotary motion therefrom. The
spindles a each carry a grooved pulley, which receives motion from one of a
series of bands on a long roller F that turns in bearings in the lower part of
the framing A. In Fig. 2 two of such rollers are shewn, one for each set of
spindles a, and the driving gear already described is in like manner duplicated
for the double machine. To the shafts of the rollers F, F', are keyed the
driving pulleys G, G', which receive straps from the pullies H on the driving
shaft B, and thus through these pulleys G and H motion is communicated to
the rollers F, F, and thence to the spindles a, a¹. The object of using two
rollers F, F, is to facilitate the driving of the spindles at two different speeds,
those spindles requiring one speed being driven from one roller, and those
requiring a superior or inferior speed (as the case may be) being driven from
the other roller. The spindles of the two sets of doubling flyers g are driven
by bands from a central roller I, on the shaft of which is keyed a pulley that
receives a driving strap from a pulley on the driving shaft B. The requisite
up-and-down or copping motion is given to the bobbins on each set of
spindles g by means of a copping rail, which is raised and lowered by chains l
which pass over a set of chain wheels mounted on a shaft m. From one of

page_text: these chain wheels of each set a chain depends, and these chains are connected
to a treadle n, which carries a bowle to receive the pressure of a cam o, to
which a slow rotary motion is given. On the axle of this cam o a worm wheel
is keyed, into which gears a worm p on the shaft of a pulley q. Rotary motion
is given to this pulley by a band from a small pulley on the shaft of the lower
nipping rollers. The copping rails will therefore receive their up-and-down
motion from the nipping roller shaft. In order to allow of any one of these
rollers being thrown out of action by the piercer when a sliver is broken, they
are mounted loosely on their driven shaft, and are made capable of being
slidden thereon. From both ends of the lower rollers project (two or more)
pins 7. Those on one side are intended to bear against a pin projecting from
the nipping roller shaft, as shewn at Fig. 1, and by this means rotary motion
is imparted to the ripping rollers. The pins on the other ends of the rollers
are intended to come in contact with a projection on their bearing brackets t
(when the rollers are slidden out of action, as shewn at 5, Fig. 1) and hold
the rollers stationary while the piecing of the ends of broken yarn is being
effected. To facilitate this operation the top roller is first lifted and deposited
upon an elevated bearing, as shewn at 5, Fig. 1, and by dots at Fig. 2. The
like arrangement is provided for the drawing rollers. In both cases the weight
of the upper roller serves to keep them in contact with the yarns, and ensure
the requisite holding or drawing action. The pullies of the spindles a, a,
and g, g, are each furnished with a projecting pin, upon which a sliding or
rocking bar is caused to act, and thereby arrest at pleasure the rotation
of any
individual spindle without disturbing the adjacent spindles.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improved Machinery
for Spinning and Doubling Fibrous Materials," and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim the combination of parts as
above described, whereby the spinning and doubling of yarn may be effected
by one continuous operation.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Benjamin Cooper, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twelfth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
BENJ. COOPER. (L.S.)