IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS AND FITTINGS, OR PARTS THEREOF, AND IN THE METHOD OF MANU- FACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Thomas Sugg, of Vincent Works, Vincent Street,
in the City of Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS
BURNERS AND FITTINGS, OR PARTS THEREOF, AND IN THE METHOD OF MANU-
FACTURING THE SAME."
Sealed the 1st September 1876, and dated the 6th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Thomas Sugg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1876.
WILLIAM THOMAS SUGG, of Vincent Works, Vincent Street, in the City of
Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS AND FITTINGS, OR PARTS THEREOF,
AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object the improvement of gas burners, either argand
or flat flame, whereby the arms attached to the same for the purpose of carrying
shades, screens, or globes, together with the fittings for their suspension or support,
may be made more uniform, rigid, capable of increased ornamentation, and at a
comparatively reduced cost.
The Invention consists in constructing metallic moulds, being counterparts of
the burner, or a portion of the burner in the case of an argand burner, and in
reference to a flat flame burner of the supports and case in which the burner tip or
top is fixed. These moulds are made in two, three, or more picces, and in them are
laid wires of copper, steel, or other suitable metal for giving rigidity and strengtli
to the arms. Melted metal, by preference, an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony, is
then poured into the moulds, and on the metal becoming cool the moulds are
separated, and the burner, consisting of those parts capable of being cast together,
that is, with their arms or supports, either ornamented or not, are withdrawn in one
piece, requiring but little additional work to finish them ready for use.
The fittings by which burners are frequently suspended or otherwise supported it
is proposed to make by forming metallic moulds in which the tubes for the con-
veyance of the gas or support of the burner may be laid. Melted metal, such as is
herein-before spoken of, is then poured into the moulds, thus uniting the tubes;
ornamenting them with appropriate devices, and providing the shell for the insertion
of a suitable plug or tap to form a stop-cock.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Thomas Sugg in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
September 1876.
26
WILLIAM THOMAS SUGG, of Vincent Works, Vincent Street, in the City of
Westminster. IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS AND FITTINGS, OR PARTS THEREOF,
AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
〃
This Invention has for its object the improvement of gas burners, either argand
or flat flame, whereby the arms attached to the same for the purpose of carrying
shades, screens, or globes, together with the fittings for their suspension or support,
may be made by a reduced number of operations to that by which they have
hitherto been made, more uniform, rigid, capable of increased ornamentation, and at
a comparatively reduced cost.
The Invention consists in constructing metallic moulds, being counterparts of
the burner, or a portion of the burner in the case of an argand burner, and in
reference to a flat flame burner of the supports and case in which the burner tip or
top is fixed. These moulds are made in two, three, or more pieces, and in them are
laid wires of copper, steel, or other suitable metal for giving rigidity and strength
to the arms.
Melted metal, consisting of an alloy of tin, lead, and antimony is
then poured into the moulds, and on the metal becoming cool the moulds are
separated, and the burner consisting of those parts capable of being cast together,
that is, with their arms or supports either ornamented or not, are withdrawn in one
piece, requiring but little additional work to finish them ready for use.
The fittings by which burners are frequently suspended or otherwise supported it
is proposed to make by forming metallic moulds in which the tubes for the con-
veyance of the gas or support of the burner may be laid. Melted metal, such as is
herein-before spoken of, is then poured into the moulds, thus uniting the tubes,
ornamenting them with appropriate devices, and providing the shell for the insertion
of a suitable plug or tap to form a stop-cock.
In order that the foregoing may be more easily understood, Drawings are attached
hereto, of which the following is a description:
Fig. 1 is an elevation of an argand burner, such as is described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, No. 4227, dated December 9, 1874,
showing the arrangement whereby the three arms A, A, A, are attached to the
burner, so that when the wires C, D, and E, and the tubes Fare placed in suitable
position in the mould, the whole with the exception of the cone G and the gallery H
may be cast in one entire whole at a single operation. To effect this moulds of
iron, steel, or gun metal, or brass, are made in two, three, or more pieces turned and
chased with hollows and channels suitable for the reception of the wires and tubes,
and bearing a counterpart to the ornamentation it is intended to give to the burner.
In addition to the two, three, or more sections of which the mould I, I, I, is formed,
each mould is furnished with collars J and K to bind the upper and lower portions
together when the mould is to be used. The mould is provided with a principal
pour" L, and from it channels M, M, lead the metal to the different parts of the
burner and supporting arms. Care must however be taken to provide another
channel or set of channels, the tops of which rise above the principal "pour" and
are independent of it, such as is marked at N, to allow of the escape of the air which
is expelled when the operation of casting is taking place.
"
The mode of casting is as follows:-The mould is separated into its various
pieces, and made and kept hot; the wires and tubes having been previously cut to
suitable lengths and bent to the right curves are inserted in the hollows of the
mould; the several pieces of the mould are then brought together and retained in
their position by slipping over the collars J and K; a mixture of melted tin, lead,
and antimony is then poured into the principal "pour" of the mould, when the
metal will run into all the cavities of the mould, thus uniting the various pieces
previously inserted, and combining the whole together. In a very few seconds the

page_text: metal will set, when the collars may be slipped off, the mould parted, and the
casting turned out complete, and in such a state as to leave but little to be done by
hand labour, except the bronzing, lacquering, gilding, or silvering of them to fit
them for use.
It will be observed that to make the foregoing burner fit for use it requires an
adjustable nose piece to be inserted at O, but as this is usually made of brass and
not cast with the rest of the burner it is not shown in the Drawing. The conc G
and gallery H is also made or cast independently, and afterwards soldered to the
burner.
Fig. 2 represents a similar burner to the one just described, but has in addition
in the upper part or case of a governor P cast with the burner at the samo
operation.
Fig. 3 is another burner of the same character, with the upper and outer part of
the case of a different form of regulator or governor Q, cast at the same time as and
forming one substance with the burner.
Fig. is an elevation of a similar_burner and governor with cock and arms
suitable for suspension as a pendent. In this case the burner and upper part of the
governor Rare cast in one operation, as described with reference to Fig. 1, but the
arms S, S, whether there be two or three, together with the shell formning the barrel
of the cock T, require a separate mould for forming and uniting them together. For
this purpose, a mould is made similar to that first described, having hollows for the
reception of the tubes S, S, and a cavity of suitable shape to give the requisite form
to the shell of the cock and lower half or part of the governor case. The plug U
of the cock and handle V are cast separately, and united by screwing them together.
In the Figure the tubes S, S, with their ornaments are shown in clevation, but the
lower half of the governor and shell of the cock are exhibited in section.
piece of tinned brass W with an internal thread is cast into each of the upper
part of the arms S, S, for the purpose of attaching the tubes by which the whole is
suspended.
A
Fig. 5 represents a similar burner and pendent to Fig. 4, with the exception that
in this case there is no governor; consequently, the burner, shell of the cock, and
union of tubes may be all cast at one operation; the plug X and handle Y being
cast or formed separately, and attached by being screwed together, as shown in the
Drawing. The small set screw Z, shown in Figs. 4 and 5, is to prevent the
unscrewing of the handle from the plug. In the lower part of the plug of the cock
one hole is drilled communicating with the arm which forms the inlet for the gas;
thus, a quarter turn of the handle of the cock will shut off the gas; there are no holes
opposite the other arms. The upper part of the plug is drilled with three holes for
the uniform supply of the gas to the burner.
In making the foregoing the moulds employed are similar to that first described;
it will be obvious however that for different patterns the direction of the channels
for filling the cavities and those for permitting egress of air will have to be varied.
By these means increased ornamentation and rigidity may be given to the complete
work, and uniformity may be secured at a comparatively less cost than by the
present mode of making burners and suspensions.
The argand burner shown in Fig. 1 is not new, but the casting together of the
support for the shade and the burner in the manner herein described and shown in
the Drawing is new and beneficial, inasmuch as it reduces the cost of production of
the entire article.
In Figs. 2 and 3, neither the burners, the arms, or supports for shades, nor the upper
part of the governor are new; but the casting of the whole of such a burner
together, as shown in the Drawing, in one operation is new and beneficial, inasmuch
as it diminishes the cost of the production of the entire article.
In Fig.
neither the burner nor the upper part of the governor shown is new,
but the casting together of an argand burner and the upper part of a governor in
the manner shown is new; also, neither is the lower part of the governor, nor the
suspending arms and support for the shade, nor shell forming the barrel of the cock

page_text: are new; but the uniting together of the tubular arms and at the same time forming
the barrel of the cock and the lower portion of the case of a gas governor by casting
at one operation is new and beneficial, inasmuch as it reduces the cost of the
production of the entire article.
In Fig. 5, neither the burner nor the arms by which it is suspended are new, but
the casting of the burner and the barrel of the cock, and uniting the suspending
arms to the burner in one operation is new and beneficial, inasmuch as it reduces the
cost of the production of thic completo article.
The employment of steel or copper wires for the purpose of strengthening the
arms is new and beneficial, inasmuch as greater rigidity with lightness can be
obtained than by making the supporting arms entirely of the alloy described.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of this Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I would
observe in conclusion that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise details
or arrangements herein described or referred to, as variations may be made therefrom
without deviating from the principles or main features of this Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The casting together of the supports for the shade and the burner, as
herein-before described and shown on the Drawing, Fig. 1.
Secondly. The casting of a burner together with the upper part of a governor
and the arms or supports for a shade, as herein-before described and shown on the
Drawing, Fig. 2.
Thirdly. The casting of the lower part of a governor, the barrel of a cock, and
uniting the arms by which the whole is suspended, as herein-before described and
shown on the Drawing, Fig. 4.
Fourthly. The casting of the burner, shell of cock, and arms by which the whole
is suspended, as herein-before described and shown on the Drawing, Fig, 5.
Fifthly. The strengthening of the arms by the employment of steel or copper
wire in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Thomas Sugg, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
ΓΙ
CON
WILLIAM T. SUGG. (L.S.)