IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar, both
of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 1st October 1867, and dated the 12th April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robertson and
James Guthrie Orchar at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th April 1867.
WE, WILLIAM ROBERTSON and JAMES GUTHRIE ORCHAR, both of Dundee,
in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to
say:―
This Invention, which essentially relates to an improved arrangement and
construction of that class of mechanism used for imparting a "mangle finish"
to cloth, whereby improved results are produced over and above what are
obtained from mangling mechanism as at present constructed and in use, is
partly based upon another Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for
Finishing Textile Fabrics," for which Letters Patent were granted to William

page_text: Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar on or about the 3rd day of April 1866,
and numbered 2647.
According to one part of the present Invention the mangle may be arranged
having the levers to which the force is applied for producing the mangle
finish situated above or below the main standards which carry the bearings
of the rollers, or if desired two sets of levers may be situated one above and
the other below, so as to work separately or together, according to the degree
of finish desired in any particular case. An elastic medium is also placed
between the point from which the pressure is applied and the point at which
it is received, which in the present case would be between the pins which
transmit the pressure from the levers and the boxes carrying the bearings of
the rollers; the elastic medium may be either a metallic spring or springs of
parabolic, spiral, eliptical, or other form, and in place of using metallic springs
the elasticity of a compressed fluid or gas or vegetable gum such as india-
rubber may be adopted. In place of using weighted levers as the means for
producing the
pressure, screws, eccentrics, or cams may be similarly adopted,
in either of which cases these are actuated by a shaft extending across the
machine driven by a spur gearing or otherwise, the cross shaft being provided
with bevil or common toothed wheels for actuating in the one case the nuts
through which the screws pass, and by which they are held and elevated or
depressed in the top of the main framing, thereby enabling the pressure
produced to be transmitted and adjusted on the rollers; in the other case the
eccentrics or cams from and by which the pressure is transmitted to them is
brought to act on the rollers. In either case the cross shaft is provided with
a friction plate, against which the short end of a weighted lever or its
equivalent acts, thereby governing the intensity of the pressure under which
the mangling operation is conducted. In either of the latter cases, whether
screws, eccentrics, or cams are used, an elastic medium is placed between
the screws, eccentrics, or cams, and the bearings of the rollers. In lieu
of producing the pressure by any of the means herein-before described,
hydraulic rams may be used having an elastic medium between them and
the rollers.
Another part of the present Invention consists in an arrangement of
mechanism for diminishing or shortening the vertical travel of the weights
used for producing the pressure on the levers, it being explained that although
the movement of the extremity of the levers is not great, still on account of
the pull of the weights being increased through the intervention of wheels
and pinions, the actual movement vertically of the weights themselves is
thereby very great, and this in many cases being found inconvenient the

page_text: travel is shortened by passing the chain from the wheel or pulley on the shaft
carrying the pinion which actuates the racks attached to the levers over
another pulley on a cross head fixed to a vertical hydraulic ram under a
second pulley fixed to the wall or other convenient support, and over a third
pulley on the same cross head whence the chain drops over, and at its extremity
a bolt is attached which passes down through a corresponding hole in the
pile of weights, so that by placing the cotter in the hole, and at the same
time through a similar hole in any one of the weights, any required number
of the weights may at any time be lifted to provide the pressure requisite for
producing any required degree of finish on the cloth. At any time that the
weights have travelled through the extent of movement allowed to them, a
further downward movement is obtained by raising the bydraulic ram and
cross head and therewith the weights also. In place of using an hydraulic
ram for producing the compensating effects in the manner herein-before
described a rack and pinion screw or other means for producing the requisite
movements may be employed.
Another part of the present Invention consists in constructing mangles
with levers, the pressure on which is brought to act wholly on the rollers,
that is to say, without the intervention of any elastic medium, the construction
of this arrangement being in other respects similar to what is herein-before
described.
Another part of this Invention consists in an arrangement of mechanism
to render the cloth rollers independent and capable of being withdrawn when
the cloth is finished, at the same time having another cloth roller with a web
on it ready to immediately replace that which had just been removed. The
apparatus for effecting this consists in affixing a pair of horizontal slides or
guide bars to the main framing for the purpose of carrying a moveable frame-
work, which can be moved towards and from a central position between the
rollers. The moveable framework carries two cloth rollers, on one of which
a fresh web is wound whilst the web on the other cloth roller is being
finished. In this manner a great saving of time is effected, as the mangling
operation is thereby rendered approximately a continuous one. It is preferred
in some cases in connection with the present Invention to employ a paper
roller, either connected with the mangle or uot, for the purpose of closing the
cloth previous to its being mangled; when this is done the web is wound up
on the finishing roller as it passes away from the paper roller.
Another part of the present Invention consists in chesting the cloth previous
to mangling it, and at the same time mangling the cloth on the chesting roller
without unwinding it therefrom; in effecting this the chesting roller is

page_text: removed by mechanical or other means from the calender wherein it had been
chested. A calender therefore for the purpose of carrying out the two latter
parts of this Invention may be situated at one side of the mangle; from which
in the one case the cloth may be wound from the paper roller of the calender
on to the finishing roller of the mangle, or in the other case the chesting
roller may be passed through slides or guide bars from the calender to the
mangle, whereby saving of time is effected, and creases in the cloth are
prevented froin occurring through the second winding on of the cloth being
dispensed with.
Another part of this Invention consists in a peculiar manner of winding
the cloth, whereby a larger amount of cloth may be mangled with small
finishing rollers than has hitherto been effected; it consists in winding the
cloth in a loop or band form over two or more rollers, one or more of which
ǎre ordinary finishing rollers; the rollers may be placed so that the band shall
be situated vertically; horizontally, or at any other angle, the rollers being
actuated in the ordinary manner.
Another part of this Invention consists in employing à double set of rollers
arranged parallel to each other, in one set of which the pressure is produced
downwards and the lower rollers are carried on a short beam capable of
vibrating on a centre, so that the downward pressure depressing one end of
the beam causes the elevation of the other end, and thereby transmits the
pressure vertically upwards through the second set of rollers. The cloth to
be mangled is wound on the beam from over the cloth roller of each set. If
the pressure is produced from below, the vibrating beam is placed above,
and the direction of the pressure is therefore opposite to that of the previous
arrangement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 10th October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, We, WILLIAM
ROBERTSON and JAMES GUTHRIE ORCHAR, both of Dundee, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,

page_text: did, for flerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar, Her special license that we,
the said William Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Robert-
son and James Guthrie Orchar, our executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said William Robertson and James Guthrie Orchar, by an instru-
ment in writing under our bands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Robertson and James
Guthrie Orchar, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say :-
Our said Invention, which essentially relates to an improved arrangement
and construction of that class of mechanism used for imparting a mangle
finish to cloth, whereby improved results are produced over and above what
are obtained from mangling mechanism as at present constructed and in use,
is partly based upon other Inventions of " Improvements in Apparatus for
Finishing Textile Fabrics," for which Letters Patent were issued to us on or
about the Third day of April Eighteen hundred and sixty-six, bearing date tbe
Thirteenth day of October 1865, and numbered 2647.
be
According to one part of the present Invention the mangle may arranged
having the levers to which the force is applied for producing the mangle
finish situated above or below the main standards which carry the bearings of the
rollers, or if desired two sets of levers may be situated one above and the other
below, so as to work separately or together, according to the degree of finish
desired in any particular case. An elastic medium is also placed between the
point from which the pressure is applied and the point at which it is received,
which in the present case would be between the pins which transmit the

page_text: pressure from the levers and the boxes carrying the bearings of the rollers;
the elastic medium may be either a metallic spring or springs of parabolic,
spiral, elliptical, or other form, and in place of using metallic springs the
elasticity of a compressed fluid, gas, or vegetable gum such as india-rubber
may be adopted. In place of using weighted levers as the means for
producing the pressure, screws, eccentrics, or cams may be similarly adopted,
in either of which cases these are actuated by a shaft extending across the
machine driven by spur gearing or otherwise, the cross shaft being provided
with bevil or common toothed wheels for actuating in the one case the nuts
through which the screws pass, and by which they are held and elevated or
depressed in the top of the main framing, thereby enabling the pressure
produced to be transmitted and adjusted on the rollers; in the other case the
eccentrics or cams from and by which the pressure is transmitted to them is
brought to act on the rollers. In either case the cross shaft is provided with
a friction plate against which the short end of a weighted lever or its
equivalent acts, thereby governing the intensity of the pressure under which
the mangling operation is conducted. In either of the latter cases, whether
screws, eccentrics, or cams are used, an elastic medium is placed between
the screws, eccentrics, or cams, and the bearings of the rollers. In lieu
of producing the pressure by any of the means herein-before described
hydraulic rams may be used, having an elastic medium between them and the
rollers.
Another part of the present Invention consists in an arrangement of
mechanism for diminishing or shortening the vertical travel of the weights
used for producing the pressure on the levers, it being explained that although
the movement of the extremity of the levers is not great, still on account of
the pull of the weights being increased through the intervention of wheels and
pinions the actual movement vertically of the weights themselves is thereby
very great, and this in many cases being found inconvenient the travel is
shortened by passing the chain from the wheel or pulley on the shaft carrying
the pinion which actuates the racks attached to the levers over another pulley
on a cross head fixed to a vertical hydraulic ram under a second pulley fixed
to the wall or other convenient support, and over a third pulley on the same
cross head whence the chain drops over, and at its extremity a bolt is attached
which passes down through a corresponding hole in the pile of weights, so
that by placing the cotter in the hole, and at the same time through a similar
hole in any one of the weights, any required number of the weights may be
lifted at any time to provide the pressure requisite for producing any required
degree of finish on the cloth.
At any time that the weights have travelled

page_text: through the extent of movement allowed to them a further downward move-
ment is obtained by raising the hydraulic ram and cross head and therewith
the weights also. In place of using an bydraulic ram for producing the
compensating effects in the manner herein-before described a rack and
piniou screw or other means for producing the requisite movements may be
employed.
Another part of the present Invention consists in constructing mangles
with levers, the pressure on which is brought to act wholly on the rollers,
that is to say, without the intervention of any elastic medium, the construction
of this arrangement being in other respects similar to what is herein-before
described.
Another part of this Invention consists in an arrangement of mechanism to
render the cloth rollers being independent and capable of being withdrawn
when the cloth is finished, at the same time having another cloth roller with
a web on it ready to immediately replace that which bad just been removed.
The apparatus for effecting this consists in affixing a pair of horizontal slides
or guide bars to the main framing for the purpose of carrying a moveable
framework which can be moved towards and from a central position between
the rollers. The moveable framework carries two cloth rollers, ou one of
which a fresh web is wound, whilst the web on the other cloth roller is being
finished. In this manner a great saving of time is effected, as the mangling
operation is thereby rendered approximately a continuous one.
Another part of the present Invention consists in chesting the cloth previous
to mangling it, and at the same time mangling the cloth on the chesting roller
without unwinding it therefrom; in effecting this the chesting roller is removed
by mechanical or other means from the calender wherein it had been chested.
A calender, therefore, for the purpose of carrying out the two latter parts of
this Invention may be situated at one or both sides of the mangle, from which
in the one case the cloth may be wound from the paper roller of the calender
on to the finishing roller of the mangle, or in the other case the chesting roller
may be passed through slides or guide bars from the calender to the mangle,
whereby saving of time is effected, and creases in the cloth are prevented
from occurring through the second winding on of the cloth being dispensed
with.
Another part of this Invention consists in a peculiar manner of winding
the cloth, whereby a larger amount of cloth may be mangled with ordinary
finishing rollers than has hitherto been effected; it consists in winding the
cloth in a loop or band form over two or more rollers, one or more of which
are ordinary finishing rollers. The rollers may be placed so that the band

page_text: shall be situated vertically, horizontally, or at any other angle. The rollers
are actuated in the ordinary manner.
Another part of the present Invention consists in employing a double set
of rollers arranged parallel to each other, in one set of which the pressure is
produced downwards, and the lower rollers are carried on a short beam
capable of vibrating on a centre, so that the downward pressure depressing
one end of the beam causes the elevation of the other end, and thereby
transmits the pressure vertically upwards through the second set of rollers.
The cloth to be mangled is wound in the band form over the cloth roller of
each set. If the pressure is produced from below the vibrating beam is placed
above, and the direction of the pressure is therefore opposite to that of the
previous arrangement.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference
being had for the sake of more complete elucidation to the figures and
letters upon the explanatory Sheets of Drawings which we have hereunto
appended, that is to say :-
On Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a side elevation of a mangling machine constructed
according to the first modification of our improvements; Figure 2, an end
elevation on which the driving gear is shown complete; Figure 3, a plan. On
the different views the same letters refer to corresponding parts of the machine.
The standards or side frames A are constructed so as to receive the bearing
blocks B of the rollers B¹. The blocks in which the lowest roller revolves
rest upon the bottom of the standards, or in place of resting solidly a piece of
india-rubber may be interposed between the under side of the bearing blocks
and the bottom of the framing gable; such a piece of elastic material is shown
interposed in dotted lines at Figure 1. It being explained that when india-
rubber or other such elastic material is so interposed that the faces of the
bearing blocks and the framing are formed to prevent it spreading out between
them when the pressure is applied. The other two rollers B' are free to slide
or travel up and down in the central opening of the frame, and accomodate
themselves to the quantity of cloth that may be undergoing the process of
mangling. C and D are the pulleys by which the mangle is driven, C being
driven by an open belt, and D by a cross belt, this arrangement of the belts
being for the purpose of reversing the movement when mangling, each pulley
being provided with a friction clutch E for throwing it in and out of
gear,
the
motion being communicated from the pulley shaft to the under roller through
the spur gearing marked F, whilst the two upper rollers are driven by

page_text: frictional contact. H, H, are two triangular brackets by which the levers
and shafts necessary for actuating the clutches are supported. J, J, Figures 1
and 3, are standards having vertical slots or openings cast in them, which act
as guides for the cross head K of the vertical hydraulic ram L, shown dotted
on Figures 1 and 3. On the cross head of the ram chain pulleys M, M, M, M,
are carried, and near the top of the hydraulic cylinder L' a pulley is fitted on
each side, as shown dotted and marked N, on Figure 1. A loop of chain O
passes over these pulleys, as shown, thence to the pulley P, attached to the
head of the bolt Q, on which the weights R are hung.. The two ends of the
chain are then attached to the chain barrels S, which are keyed upon a
shaft S¹ supported in brackets bolted to the columns T.
The mode of producing the pressure necessary for the mangling operation
is as follows:-The cloth having been wound upon the mangling roller the
water is admitted to the hydraulic cylinder L', and the ram and cross head
carrying the chain pulleys M are forced upwards, thereby causing the pressure
due to the weights R to be transmitted by means of the chain Q to the
drums S. The leverage at which the power thus applied acts is increased by
and conveyed to the racks U by means of the gearing V. The racks U are
connected to the levers W by means of the forked rods X, and a downward
pressure is brought to bear upon the rollers by the pins Y acting on the
springs Z, which relieves the deadness of the pressure upon the rollers. When
the operation of mangling is completed and the cloth is to be stripped off the
escape valve of the hydraulic cylinder is opened, and the ram and weights
descend, and the lever is relieved of all pressure. The gearing V is now
reversed by means of the belt a acting on the fast pulley b, and an upward
motion is given to the rack U until the upper roller is lifted clear of the cloth
roller, which by means of the link C is also lifted clear of the bottom roller.
The cloth is then stripped off in the usual manner; while this is being done
the levers are kept in their elevated position by means of the ratchet d and
pall e. When the operation of winding on a web is being conducted the cloth
roller is let in contact with the lower roller, while the top roller is kept clear,
and when the cloth roller is full of the web the friction strap f is brought into
action, the palle being then released, so that the levers W and the top roller
may be lowered to allow the mangling operation to be conducted. As some
cloths require greater pressure to produce a certain amount of mangle finish
than others the weights R have a slot hole in them corresponding to others in
the bolt Q, so that according to the pressure required a greater or less
number of weights may be lifted by inserting the cotter in the corresponding
hole.

page_text: Figures 4 and 5 are a modification of the mode of lifting the weights;
instead of a hydraulic cylinder a rack h is used attached to cross heads g, g,
these are connected at each end by means of malleable iron rods h', having
forked heads on which chain pulleys ; are fitted; corresponding pulleys k, k,
Figure 4, are fitted to the side frames, over which a chain passes in the same
manner as in the hydraulic apparatus herein-before described in reference to
Figure 1. Motion is given to the rack h by means of gearing 6, but it is
to be understood that either motive power or manual labour may be used.
Figure 6 is another modification in which the pressure is produced by
means of an endless screw and worm wheels i, actuated by the hand wheel m,
keyed on a transverse shaft connecting them together and actuating a
screw m¹.
Another part of our Invention is illustrated by the Drawings on Sheet 2,
and consists of an arrangement whereby two mangling rollers are attached to
each mangle, so that while the cloth on one of the rollers is being mangled
the other roller is stripped and refilled ready to replace the other roller as
soon as the cloth on it has been sufficiently mangled.
We now proceed to describe more particularly the mode in which these
improvements are carried out.
Figure 1, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal sectional elevation; Figure 2, a transverse
sectional elevation; and Figure 3, a sectional plan.
A, A, are brackets resting upon the stays a, a, and bolted to the main
standards; on these brackets rest the guide frames B, which are planed to
receive the sliding blocks or bearings C, C, of the mangling rollers D, D.
The sliding blocks are secured to each other by a gudgeon keyed into
patches b, b, cast on their sides. On the opposite side of one of the blocks a
similar patch c is cast, into which is secured a rack E gearing into the
pinion F on the shaft G; separate gearing not shown on the Drawings is
provided for driving the mangling rollers while the cloth is being wound on.
A square recess is left in the end of the rollers as shown on Figure 1, into
which the square end of a shaft is pushed when the winding operation is
being performed, after which it is withdrawn, and as soon as the cloth which
is being mangled on the other roller has been finished it is withdrawn by
means of the rack and pinion, at the same time the other roller is drawn
forward and the cloth on it is mangled while the other is being stripped and
refilled, thus rendering the operation of mangling as nearly continuous as
possible.
Another modification of using two separate cloth rollers is shown at
Figure 4, Sheet 2, where A, A, are rollers driven by suitable gearing, and

page_text: B, B, the cloth rollers driven by frictional contact with the rollers A, A ; in
this way the mangled cloth may be stripped and another piece wound on one
of the rollers; while the other is being finished or mangled the rollers B are
shifted into their alternate positions by a rack and pinion as at Figure 1,
Sheet 2, or by other equivalent or suitable means.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, a different mode of producing pressure upon the
rollers is shown. In this arrangement a saddle H is fitted on each neck of
the upper roller, and connected by two side rods J, J, to the T rods K, which
form the connection with the levers L; snugs are cast upon the end of the
levers in which the straps a are hung, and to which the weights M are
attached. At the end of the levers L two vertical shafts N, N, are situated
driven by bevil gearing from the horizontal shaft Q, Figure 1, and shown
dotted at Figure 3. A screw thread is cut upon the lower end of these
shafts by which a cross head P is actuated, and which enables the pressure to
be taken off or applied to the rollers, also affording facility for raising the top
rollers. The horizontal shaft O is provided with three pulleys, one fast and
two loose, as shown dotted on Figure 3 the fast one being placed in the
centre is driven by a cross or open belt according as the levers require to be
raised or lowered.
Another part of our Invention consists in chesting the cloth previous to
mangling it, and at the same time mangling the cloth on the chesting roller.
These operations are carried out in a convenient and expeditious manner by
the arrangement of mechanism now about to be described.
A, A, Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 3, are the ordinary mangling rollers, and
which in this case serve as chesting rollers also; B is a paper roller, and C an
iron roller. The mangling rollers A, A, are carried in bearing blocks fitted in
horizontal guide frames, in manner similar to those modifications herein-before
described in reference to Sheet 2 of the Drawings; the other rollers B and C
are carried in suitable bearings fitted in the vertical opening shown dotted on
Figure 1, the pressure necessary for the chesting operation being produced by
a screw and wedge D, shown dotted in Figure 1; E, F, Figures 2 and 3,
are the driving pulleys for actuating the chesting mechanism; these are
provided with friction clutches, the power being transmitted to the lower
roller C by means of the spur gearing G; the cloth is then passed round the
paper roller B, as shown on Figure 1, and wound on the chesting roller A;
when the chesting has been completed the roller is then drawn forward by
means of the screws H, actuated by the bevil pinion J, J, to its proper
position in the mangle, the necessary pressure and motion being produced by the
weighted levers, or any other of the means herein-before described. The other

page_text: chesting roller is then stripped of the mangled cloth and afterwards lifted out
by means of a suitable hoist and lowered into position on the top of the paper
roller B, and the chesting operation proceeds while the cloth on the other
roller is being mangled; or instead of this last arrangement it is preferred to
place a set of chesting rollers on the other side of the mangle, the position of
which is shown dotted on Figure 1; by so doing the inconvenience of lifting
the rollers is obviated, and the process of chesting is carried on alternately at
each side of the mangle in the manner herein-before described.
- Another part of our Invention consists in winding the cloth to be mangled
in the form of a loop or band, as shown in two diagrams at Figures 4 and 5,
whereby a much greater quantity of cloth may be mangled than in the usual
mode.
•
Another arrangement is shown on Figures 6 and 7 for raising and lowering
the levers used for producing pressure as applied under the mangle. Figure 6
A is an hydraulic
is a side elevation, and Figure 7 a front elevation.
cylinder provided with a sole plate, and situated on the cross beams B.
To the cross head of the piston C are attached the rods D, D, the bottom
ends of which are secured to the cross tail E. This arrangement is worked
in the usual manner by forcing in water when the levers are to be raised
and the weight taken off the rollers, and opening the escape valves when the
levers are to be lowered.
Figure 8 illustrates the application to our Invention of an elastic medium
to relieve the deadness of pressure upon the rollers in existing calendars and
mangles, whether the pressure be applied by levers or by hydraulic cylinders,
as shown. The elastic medium may either be applied below the axle blocks of
the lower roller, as shown in dotted lines G, and more fully shown marked
also G in Figure 2, Sheet 2; or it may be applied between the pressure and
the axle blocks of the upper roller, as shown, Figure 1, Sheet 1, wherein a
parabolic or elliptical spring Z is shown inserted. In many respects other
than what is herein-before specified the driving gearing in all the arrange-
ments is-similar, and therefore need not be herein further referred to.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner, in
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, we would
observe in conclusion that what we consider novel and original, and therefor
claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
First, the general arrangement, construction, and combination of apparatus
constituting the mechanism for finishing textile fabrics as herein-before described,
or any mere modification thereof.

page_text: Second, the mode of using two mangling or cloth rollers as herein before
described, or any mere modification thereof.
Third, the combining of the ordinary processes of calendering and roller
mangling so that the calender roller with cloth upon it may be transferred to
the mangle and the cloth mangled while on the calender roller without
unwinding, as herein-before described.
Fourth, the use of elastic media situated so as to relieve the deadness
of pressure of the levers or other means used for producing pressure as herein-
before described.
Fifth, the several arrangements described for effecting and relieving
the pressure on the rollers as applied to mangles, or any mere modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Robertson and James Guthrie
Orchar, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of
October, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
(L.D.)
JAMES GUTHRIE ORCHAR. (L.B.)
ST. JOHN VINCENT DAY, C.E.,
Witness,
0
166, Buchanan Street,
Glasgow.