CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING 'LOZENGES' OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Gregory, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Agent, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING 'LOZENGES' OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 15th June 1858, and dated the 16th December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gregory at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1857.
I, HENRY GREGORY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING 'LOZENGES AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This machinery or apparatus consists in a pair of cylinders suitably mounted
in a framing, each of which is divided in its circumference into quarters
forming four rows or sets of moulds or dies, each die being furnished with an
internal piston or plunger, such plungers being connected to four bars con-
tained within the cylinder, every bar being connected to that one diametrically
opposite to it (as top and bottom) by tie rods, so that the plungers may
move simultaneously; the ends of these connecting bars in each cylinder are
prolongued and move within grooved cams, by which means motion is imparted
to the plungers at the required intervals; and upon one end of each cylinder

page_text: is placed a division wheel having catches working into them so as to ensure
the greater precision in the action of the plungers. The cylinders are
mounted one above the other, and are supplied with paste previously prepared
of which the lozenges are to be made, by an endless traversing cloth passing
thro' a vessel containing powdered sugar to prevent adhesion; the paste is
then carried between adjustable pressing rollers, by which it is brought to a
proper thickness, and delivered to the plungers which operate as follows:-
An intermittent motion being imparted to the cylinders by means of ratchet
and ratchet wheel or other equivalent, the plungers in the lower cylinder
aro caused to descend to the lowest depth of the dies by means of a suitable
arrangement of cam or eccentric gearing, thus leaving such dies or moulds
open for the paste; the cylinders are then retained in this position by the
catches "taking in" the division wheels, until the plungers or cutters in the
upper cylinder be caused (by similar means) to descend through the paste,
and into the lower sets of moulds leaving the "lozenges" thus cut in the
lower cylinder moulds; then the plungers ascend, and the cylinders turn
one quarter round to the succeeding set of moulds and plungers, a similar
operation being continually repeated at each quarter turn of the cylinders,
tho lozenges being forced out of the moulds by the descent of the plungers
caused by the excentrics first mentioned, when the set of dics or moulds con-
taining the lozenges become inverted or are at their lowest point the lozenges
being deposited upon a traversing cloth or band formed of jointed lags of
wood, &c., the waste or surplus paste being conveyed away in a like manner,
provision being also made for brushing the moulds and plungers by self-acting
means, as they arrive at certain places, the plungers in the upper cylinders
being caused to project from their moulds, and are brushed upon arriving at
their highest point, and the moulds and plungers in the lower one brushed
at the side immediately before receiving the paste.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Gregory in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3
16th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GREGORY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord 3

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Henry Gregory, Her especial license that I, the said Henry Gregory, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Gregory, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING LOZENGES AND SUCH SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said Henry Gregory, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Sea!
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Gregory, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say) :-
This machinery or apparatus consists in a pair of cylinders suitably mounted
in a framing, each of which is divided in its circumference into quarters,
forming four rows or sets of moulds or dies, each die being furnished with an
internal piston or plunger, such plungers being connected to four bars con-
tained within the cylinder, every bar being connected to that one diametrically
opposite to it (as top and bottom) by tie rods, so that the plungers may move
simultaneously; the ends of these connecting bars in each cylinder are
prolonged and move within grooved cams, by which means motion is imparted
to the plungers at the required intervals; and upon one end of each cylinder
is placed a division wheel having catches working into them so as to ensure
the greater precision in the action of the plungers. The cylinders are
mounted one above the other, and are supplied with paste (previously pre-
pared) of which the lozenges are to be made, by an endless traversing cloth
passing through a vessel containing powdered sugar to prevent adhesion; the
paste is then carried between adjustable pressing rollers by which it is
reduced to a proper thickness, and delivered to the plungers which operate
as follows:-An intermittent motion being imparted to the cylinders by means
of a ratchet and ratchet wheel or other equivalent, the plungers in the lower

page_text: cylinder are caused to descend to the lowest depth of the dies by means of a
suitable arrangement of cam or eccentric gearing, thus leaving such dies or
moulds open for the paste; the cylinders are then retained in this position by
the catches taking in the division wheels until the plungers or cutters in the
upper cylinder be caused (by similar means) to descend through the pasto
into the lower sets of moulds, leaving the lozenges thus cut in the lower
cylinder moulds; then the plungers ascend, and the cylinders turn one quarter
round to the succeeding set of moulds and plungers, a similar operation being
continuously repeated at each such quarter turn of the cylinders; the lozenges
thus formed are forced out of the moulds by the descent of the plungers
caused by the excentrics, when the set of dies or moulds containing the
lozenges become inverted or are at their lowest point, the lozenges being
deposited upon a traversing cloth or band formed of jointed lags of wood, &c.,
the waste or surplus paste being conveyed away in a similar manner,
provision being also made for brushing the moulds and plungers by self-acting
means as they arrive at certain positions, the plungers in the upper cylinder
being caused to project from their moulds, and, are brushed upon arriving at
their highest point, and the moulds and plungers in the lower cylinder aro
brushed at the side immediately before receiving the paste.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached two Sheets of Drawings, containing Figures
made upon a scale of about two inches to a foot, and others half the real size;
similar letters of reference being marked upon corresponding parts of the
apparatus throughout all the Figures.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is an elevation of one side of the machine, showing more.
particularly the eccentric and gearing connected therewith for imparting an
intermittent rotatory motion to the cylinders, and also the arrangement of
mechanism in connection with the brushes for cleaning the dies, and traversing
bands for supplying the paste and conveying the lozenges away.
Fig. 2 is a similar view of the opposite side of the machine, shewing the
various motions or gearing for actuating the traversing band, and the division
wheels and catches for retaining the cylinders whilst the lozenges are being.
made.
Fig. 3 is a front view of the machine, having the waste paste traversing
band removed to shew more clearly the cams and other gearing for working
the dies in the top cylinder.
Fig. 4 is a detail view, shewing more clearly the arrangement of cams and
vertical slide for governing or regulating the action of the dies of the top.

page_text: cylinder, and also the stationary cam on the framing for actuating the dies in
the lower cylinder.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 and 2 are respectively enlarged views of longitudinal
and cross sections of the cylinders, illustrating the mode of connecting the dies
and actuating them in the cylinders. The action of the machine will bo
better understood upon reference to the Drawings and the following lettered
description thereof :-
In the various Figures a is the framing of the machine, in which the
cylinder b, b, are mounted; the top cylinder 6 containing the disconnected or
independent dies c, c, c, for punching the lozenges, and the lower one con-
taining the connected or coupled receiving dies or beds d, d, d. The paste of
which the lozenges are to be formed is conveyed to the adjustable rollers e, c,
to be reduced to a proper thickness by them by means of the travelling cloth f,
and is prevented from adhering thereto by a covering of flour, sugar, &c.,
distributed upon the cloth by the brush g, and upon the paste by the dust box
h, the paste is then fed between the cylinders b, b', which are then caused to
remain stationary by the action of the division or stop wheels and catches
i, i, i, i; the cam k now causes the lowest punches or dies of the top cylinders
to descend through the paste, taking the lozenges then cut into the uppermost
row of dies or beds of the bottom cylinder, which is prepared to receive the
lozenges by the action of the eccentric l, fixed during its previous revolution
upon the ends of the bars m, m, m, m, in which the dies or beds are formed,
and are coupled together by the tie rods h, h, h, h, as seen in the sectional
view, Sheet 2.
The cylinders are now caused to perform a partial revolution
to the next set of dies when a similar operation takes place. The brushes for
cleaning the dies are brought into action simultaneously with the punching
operation, that is, when the bottom die in the top cylinder is punching the
paste, the top dies of the same cylinder are caused to project by means of tho
action of the eccentric grove o upon the ends of the bars m', m³, m³, and are
immediately submitted to the action of the swinging brush p, the movement
of which is obtained from the cam k, through the levers and rods p', and in
the lower cylinder the dies remain projecting after having delivered the
finished lozenges on to the traversing table q, and are brushed while thus pro-
jecting at the side by the brush T, worked also from the cam k by the rods r.
The surplus or waste paste is conveyed to the tables by the endless lagged
cloth t, from whence it is taken and again prepared in sheets to be placed on
the feed cloth f, and again passed between the rollers and cylinders.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with the

page_text: method of performing the same, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I
claim as of my Invention the manufacture or making of lozenges and other
similar articles by means of the novel combination and arrangement of
apparatus, as designed for such purposes and as herein-before described, set
forth, and fully exhibited in the Drawing attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Gregory, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
HENRY GREGORY. (L.S.)