IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND PRINTING MAUNDRILLS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Barber, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COMPOUND PRINTING MAUNDRILLS."
Sealed the 21st August 1857, and dated the 21st February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Barber at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
21st February 1857.
I, JOHN BARBER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMPOUND PRINTING MAUNDRILLS," to be as follows:-
For holding metal rollers employed in printing and embossing calico or
other fabrics. Instead of employing the usual taper shaft for holding the roller,
I place it between two chucks or circular cone projections upon a strong
shaft, the ends of the roller being grooved or indented, the same as in my
improvements for holding rollers for turning and engraving, so as to fit tho
chucks, one of which forms part of the shaft, and the other chuck has a long
barrel fitting the shaft, thus forming a complete bearing, and bounded by a
washer or washers, and kept up to the end of the roller by means of a screw
on the shaft and nut or thread in the interior of the boss of the pulley or
toothed wheel which gives motion to the shaft and roller, the thread of tho
nut and screw being either right or left, according to the course of the roller,

page_text: the one being the reverse of the other, so as to cause a locking or tightening
of the chucks or cones against the ends of the roller by the resistance of the
work against the moving power, and also preventing the possibility of slacken-
ing so long as the machine is in motion; which improvements will be better
understood by reference to the accompanying outline Drawing and the letters of
reference thereon, in which is represented a longitudinal section of my improved
compound maunḍrill complete, in which a represents the main shaft or body,
having at 6 a boaring, and at c a chuck or circular-coned projection, forming
part of the shaft. The loose chuck or circular-coned projection is shewn at d,
the barrel of which forms the bearing e, and the roller at f, having grooves or
indentations corresponding with the projections on the chucks. The loose
chuck is bounded by the washer g, against which presses the toothed wheel h,
having a thread cut in its boss fitting a corresponding thread on the main
shaft at i; the said threads are cut so as to tighten the chucks against the.
roller when the toothed wheel is driven from any motive power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filéd
by the said John Barber in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st August 1857.
TO ALL TO.. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BARBER, of the City of. Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Barber, Her special license that I, the said John Barber, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Barber, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPOUND
PRINTING MAUNDRILLS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Barber, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be

page_text: filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and.
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Barber, do hereby declare the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement (that is to say):-
:
My Invention relates to holding metal rollers employed in printing and;
embossing calico or other fabrics. Instead of employing the usual taper shaft,
or maundrill for holding the roller, I place it between two chucks, nuts, or
circular-coned projections upon a strong parallel shaft or maundrill, with a.
bearing at each end or on each chuck, the said bearing to be parallel or -
otherwise, and fitting the inner circle of the roller at its end, thereby afford-.
ing additional support. The ends of the rollers are either plain, grooved, or:
indented, the same as in my improvements for holding rollers for turning and.
engraving, so as to fit the chucks or nuts, one of which either forms part of;
the shaft, or is fastened to it in any suitable manner, and the other chuck or:
nut has a long barrel fitting the shaft, thus forming a complete bearing, which,
is bounded by a washer or washers, kept up to the end of the roller by means:
of a screw on the shaft and nut or thread in the interior of the boss of. the
pulley or toothed wheel which gives motion to the shaft and roller; the thread:
of the nut and screw being either right or left, according to the course of the,
roller, the one being the reverse of the other, so as to cause a locking or
tightening of the chucks, nuts, or cones against the ends of the roller by the.
resistance of the work against the moving power, and also preventing the;
possibility of slackening from expansion of the maundrill so long as the
machine is in motion. I prevent the vibration or deflection in the centre of
the roller by the force of the screw compressing and strengthening the centre;
of the tube or cylinder between the chucks; the roller as it becomes thinner,
by repeated turnings off for new engravings, will be more strengthened in
proportion by the force of the screw upon the chucks acting more upon the.
centre of the roller, and keeping it firm in the chucks, as if the roller and
maundrill were one solid body, and working true upon its axis will requiro,
less lapping and driving power; it having been proved by experience that.
fine plates.can be printed from rollers three-eighths of an inch thick on a flat
or parallel bowl (rounding not being required) with less lapping than has
been generally used for rollers five-eighths of an inch thick, and from the
roller being firm on the maundrill and being perfectly solid, give a much,
smarter impression than can be given on the old maundrill. When printing,
plates, the rollers upon my improved maundrills may when desired be filled

page_text: with water or other fluid, for the purpose of keeping the rollers cool in the
color, and also the bearings of the maundrills. The roller loose on the maun-
drill is placed in a box or trough containing water or other fluid, the chucks
being left apart from the ends of the roller, or a little open, so that the fluid
may enter. During the immersion, the chucks are slightly screwed up to
secure the fluid; the maundrill and roller are then removed and placed upon
steps or supports upon the table which forms part of the trough, they are
then firmly screwed up and placed in the machine. For three or more colors
my maundrills will give great facility in changing the rollers, as they are easily
placed on and removed. The rollers are also held exactly in the same place
without the possibility of end play, inasmuch as they are made at one exact
distance, and each corresponding part of the sketch is also engraved at the
same distance from the end of the roller that goes on to the fast chuck or
cone of the maundrill. The maundrills being all one length from that end
to the bearing, thus the rollers will require much less moving sidewise in the
steps for side fitting, thereby saving much time, and preventing the necessity
of rings for end holding, and also causing the fitting of patterns to be much
more perfect. Each machine has simply one set of maundrills instead of the
large number now in use; the rollers require no inside finish from the manu-
facturer, as at present. These improvements do not interfere with the stocks
of rollers now in use.
My improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying two Sheets of Drawings, with tho figures and letters of referenco
thereon, similar letters referring to similar parts in all the Figures.
In Sheet 1, Figure 1 represents one of my improved maundrills, the screw a
for holding the loose chuck and bearing 6 being placed at one of the ends;
the nut is placed within the toothed driving wheel d, being held firmly to
the wheel & by means of the key e; the roller is shewn at f, and the shaft of
the maundrill at g, having a clutch or locking part h, which fits a correspond-
ing part i on the loose chuck; the fast chuck is shewn at k, the projections
for holding the roller at l, and the other bearing, forming a part of the maun-
drill, at m; there is also a nut-shaped projection n on the shaft for the
purpose of tightening the nut c; both chucks have well-fitting bearings at j.
Within this roller I shew the application of the water, shewn by the dotted
lines.
Fig. 2 resembles Fig. 1, with the exception of the locking and driving
up; the screw a is separate from the shaft, and has a large head a', to which
the toothed wheel d is fastened by the key e; the clutch or locking apparatus h
is placed without the roller against the cone, and consists of a key or cotter

page_text: passing through a groove in the maundrill, a cross section of which is shewn
at Fig. 3, and a plan at Fig. 4; the nut into which the tightening screw enters
maundrill at c, both bearings which form part
is placed in the interior of the
of the shaft are shewn at m. Instead of placing the nut for tightening up
the chucks in a toothed driving wheel, I use ordinary nuts for that purpose;
shewn at c and e, Fig. 5, the driving wheel being placed at the other end of
the maundrill. The clutch or locking apparatus, similar to that shewn in
Fig. 1, is shewn at h and i, and also detached at Figure 6.
In Fig. 7, I employ a loose chuck. b, having a thread in the interior to act
as a nut, the projections for holding the roller f being shewn at 1,.as in the
former examples, the maundrill g fitting the rollers at the ends j. By
screwing up the nut and cone. the vibration of the roller is prevented.
In Fig. 8, I shew the junction of the maundrill in the interior of the roller,
at or about the centre, or it may be placed at any other position; one part of
the shaft g has a screw a fitting the nut c, which forms part of the other half
of the shaft or maundrill g; the chucks are fast at both ends, the projections
of which are shewn at 1, the roller bearings at j, and the bearings of the
maundrill at m, there being two nut-shaped projections n for the purpose of
screwing up. In Fig. 9 1 shew the trough containing the water for filling
the rollers, having steps at supporting the roller f; the table forming
part of the trough is shewn at p, the steps at q, and the keys for tighten-
ing at r.
In Fig. 10, Sheet 2, I shew the application of my improved maundrills
to rollers, consisting of iron tubes s, covered with copper or other metal
tubes t. From the power of compression obtained by the tension of the
shaft 9 of the maundrills upon the centres of the tubes, the inner tubes
may be made of cast iron, the projections on the chucks fitting corre
sponding parts in the ends of the iron tubes, and the outer parts of the
chucks pressing against the ends of the copper or other metal tubes,
thereby preventing elongation, or the working sidewise of the copper or
other metal tubes. A small portion u at each end of the inner tube requires
to be turned or bored; the remaining part of the inner tube may be covered
with tar or other suitable material to prevent the oxidation of, the metal by
the action of acids, the metal not touching the shaft of the maundrill. The
driving wheel & has a thread cut or cast in it, forming the nut for tightening
or driving up. When water is placed within the roller there is an additional
nut v, for the purpose of tightening up and securing the water when the roller
is in the trough; the nut is carried round by a pin on the wheel acting on a
corresponding pin placed in a grooved circle in the nut.

page_text: In Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14 I shew the application of my improved maun-
drill to rollers for handkerchiefs and furnitures.
In Fig. 15, I represent the taper maundrill now in use.
In Fig. 16 I shew a maundrill arranged for grooving either old or
new rollers, the said maundrill having moveable bosses w, either taper or
parallel, and of any diameter to suit the interior of the roller f, the shaft g
of the maundrill having two collars x, against which the bosses are screwed by
the nuts y on the screws a. When grooving from the outside circle of the
roller, the adjustment is made by means of bell chucks at each end of the
maundrill, one of which is shewn at z. In order to adjust with correctness
the grooving tool, I place on the shaft a circular template b, with a groovo
cut in it the size required, the tool being in a slide rest, which with the maun-
drill is placed in a centre lathe.
Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I desire it to
be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details
herein set forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from
the principle thereof; but what I claim is, the general composition and
arrangement of my improved maundrills; the cone on the chucks or nuts; tho
grooving of the roller ends; the forcing up of the cones or chucks against the
ends of the roller, by the maundrill wheel acting as a nut, or by a nut or
nuts; also holding the roller to one exact place on the maundrill when print-
ing; also the application of the principle of the tension rod to the maundrill
in order to prevent vibration, deflection, and elongation of the tubo or roller,
caused by the pressure required in printing or embossing, as all such improve-
ments are herein described and illustrated in the accompanying two Sheets of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Barber, have hereunto set my hand.
and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
JOHN BARBER. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the within-
named John Barber, in the presence of
EDWARD T. HUGHES,
17, Cross Street, Manchester.