IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BRDUCING OR COMMINUTING OIL CAKR
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Septimus Coleman and Alfred. George Edwin
Morton, both of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Agricultural
Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
BRDUCING OR COMMINUTING OIL CAKR."
Sealed the 18th April 1867, and dated the 24th October 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Septimus Coleman
and Alfred George Edwin Morton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th October 1866.
We, HENRY SEPTIMUS COLEMAN and ALFRED GEORGE EDWIN MORTON, both
of Chelmsford, in the County of Essex, Agricultural Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REDUCING OR COMMINUTING OIL CAKE" to be as follows:-
The annexed Drawing represents a transverse vertical section of apparatus
constructed according to our Invention for reducing oil cake.
a, a, is a kind of hopper in which the cake to be cut is placed in a vertical
position; it drops by its gravity on to a fixed piece b, on which its edge rests;
c, c, is a knife of sufficient breadth to exceed the extreme breadth of the cake;
this knife has a reciprocating motion from an eccentric d on the main shaft e;
the edge of the knife cuts off a strip from the edge of the cake and forces it
over the edge of b, it, then drops in front of the rotating cutter ghaving a
series of hook teeth i which enter between the teeth of a comb k fixed or cast
on the frame 1, by which the strip of cake is severed into a number of small

page_text: pieces of a fineness according to the fineness of the comb k and cutter
teeth i, i. The cutter g is driven by gearing from the main shaft e, and the
whole mounted on a suitable framework, which it is unnecessary to further
particularize herein. The edge of the knife is inclined across its breadth,
so as to produce a shearing kind of cut and separation of the cake. This
knife we prefer to drive with two eccentrics and two connecting rods m, one
near either end of the knife, but it may be actuated by cranks or other
mechanical equivalents.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent; filed
by the said Henry Septimus Coleman and Alfred George Edwin Morton
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th April 1867.
ΤΟ
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY.
SEPTIMUS COLEMAN and ALFRED GEORGE EDWIN MORTON, both of Chelmsford,
in the County of Essex, Agricultural Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did. for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Henry Septimus Coleman and Alfred George Edwin Morton, Her special
licence that we, the said Henry Septimus Coleman and Alfred George Edwin
Morton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said Henry Séptimus Coleman and Alfred George Edwin Morton. our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REDUCING OR COMMINUTING
OIL CAKE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Henry Sep-
timus Coleman and Alfred George Edwin Morton, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Septimus Coleman and Alfred
George Edwin Morton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the construction of machines for
breaking or reducing oil cake for feeding purposes.
In machines heretofore constructed a toothed roller or series of toothed
rollers have been used to reduce the cake to the requisite degree of fineness,
but in the use of which there are obvious objections; first, the cake is
broken into very irregularly sized pieces, and, secondly, a great amount of
dust is produced.
According to our Invention we cut the cake up in slices, say half an inch
or five-eighths of an inch in thickness, which pieces subsequently fall between
a set of revolving teeth, and a toothed rack, or comb, or is in some other
manner cut or broken into short lengths or pieces required. We effect the
reduction of the oil cake by means of a knife which by eccentrics, cranks,
or some other method is made to cut off a slice of the cake at every revolu-
tion of the fly wheel, the slices passing thence and being operated on by a
rotatory toothed cutter and comb.
"
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawing represents a perspective view of the
machine complete, and Figure 2 a transverse vertical section showing the
cutting parts of an arrangement of apparatus constructed according to our
Invention for reducing oilcake.
a is a kind of hopper in which the cake to be cut is placed in a vertical or
slanting position; it drops by its gravity on a fixed piece b, on which its edge
rests; c is a knife of sufficient breadth to exceed the extreme breadth of the
cake; this knife has a reciprocating motion from eccentrics d, d, on the main
shaft e; the edge of the knife cuts off a strip from the edge of the cake and
forces it over the edge of b, it then drops in front of a rotating cutter having
a series of hook teeth i, i, which enter between the teeth of a comb k, Figure 3,
fixed or cast on the frame 1, by which the strip of cake is severed into a
number of small pieces of a size according to the fineness of the comb k and
of cutter teeth i, i. The cutter g is driven by gearing h, h, from, the main
shaft e, and the whole mounted on a suitable framework which it is unneces-
sary to further particularize herein. The edge of the knife is inclined across
its breadth; so-as-to-produce a shearing kind of cut and separation of the cake;
this knife we prefer to drive with two eccentrics and two connecting rods m,

page_text: one near either end of the knife, but it may be actuated by cranks or other
mechanical equivalents. Figure 4 shows a transverse vertical section of a
modified arrangement. of the apparatus in which I substitute, a rotary cutter c¹
for the reciprocating knife before described, which rotary cutter is separately
represented in Figure 5; it is mounted in, suitable bearings in the end frames;
this cutter has one, two, or more cutting blades or edges x, x, which incline
from an apex in the middle towards each end, in rotating it severs slices of the
material to be reduced, cutting it against the bottom edge n of the hopper a.
The slice so cut falls down an inclined surface o, on to a lower cutter g
disposed below the cutter c¹ and having teeth i, as before, for cutting up the
slices into short lengths, the teeth i entering between the teeth k formed on
the lower edge of the inclined shoot o. The upper and lower cutters are
driven by spur gearing p, p, mounted at one end of the framing. Figure 6
shows a plan of the incline o and lower cutter g detached.
edges and parts we have found it sufficient to cast them, at the same time
chilling the cutting edges, but these edges may of course be made of steel
and hardened.
For the cutting
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, we declare that what we claim as our Invention to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the cutting or reducing of
oil cake for feeding purposes by apparatus herein-before described, by first
cutting the cake into slices or strips, and subsequently severing such slices or
strips into small pieces, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Henry Septimus Coleman and Alfred
George Edwin Morton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-seven.
H. S. COLEMAN.
(L.S.)
A. G. E. MORTON. (L.S.)