Year: 1886

page_text: Artificial Fuel
We, SAMUEL WESLEY ALLEN, of Exchange Buildings, Bute Docks, Cardiff, in
the County of Glamorgan, Engineer; and GEORGE BREFFIT, of 10, Bute Crescent,
Bute Docks, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention to be as follows:-.
The object of our invention is the introduction of an improved apparatus for
treating the materials in process of manufacture into artificial fuel, and relates
more particularly to the desiccation of them immediately before the moulding is
commenced.
In carrying our invention into effect, we erect a vertical steam pugg upon the
top of the apparatus forming the subject of this invention, and which may be
described generally as a downward continuation of the pugg and of similar area.
The central revolving shaft of the pugg is continued through our vertical
desiccating apparatus and carries bottomless saucers. These saucers may be
replaced by annular plates. Each saucer, excepting the top one, has an inverted
saucer of a smaller diameter between it and the one above it.
A furnace of convenient construction discharges its fumes into the bottom of the
desiccator, the draught through which may be increased by blowing steam into the
exhaust.
The pugg above the desiccator receives the materials for the fuel, which are well
stirred by revolving arms, and their amalgamation facilitated by exhaust steam
delivered from an annular chamber through jets projecting towards the centre of
the pugg.
The fuel mass drops through regulated openings in the bottom of the pugg into
the desiccator, and falls upon the top revolving saucer or plate, from which it is
scraped by proper scrapers to drop over the interposed inverted saucer, which acts
as a spreader, into the next saucer.
We do not confine ourselves to the number of saucers or plates.
The fuel mass, therefore, is compelled to take a zig-zag course through the.
desiccator, its particles being separated and rolled over and over during their
progress downwards, so that each one is properly desiccated at a temperature
sufficiently low to obviate all risk of combustion of the finer (and most valuable)
particles of the fuel being started.
The mass is drawn from the desiccator in any convenient way and subjected to
any convenient moulding process.
1000
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: Artificial Fuel. .
We, SAMUEL WESLEY ALLEN, of Exchange Buildings, Bute Docks, Cardiff, in
the County of Glamorgan, Engineer; and GEORGE BREFFIT, of 10, Bute Crescent,
Bute Docks, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of our invention is the introduction of an improved apparatus for
treating the materials in process of manufacture into artificial fuel, and relates
more particularly to the desiccation of them immediately before the moulding is
commenced.
+
In carrying our invention into effect, we erect a vertical steam pugg upon the
top of the desiccating apparatus, both, preferably, of the same sectional area. The
central revolving shaft of the pugg is continued through our vertical desiccating
apparatus, and carries bottomless saucers. These saucers may be replaced by
annular plates. Each saucer excepting the top one, has an inverted saucer of a
smaller diameter between it and the one above it.
A furnace of convenient construction discharges it hot gases into the bottom of
the desiccator, the draught through which may be increased by blowing steam into
the exhaust,
The pugg above the desiccator receives the materials for the fuel, which are well
stirred by revolving arms, and their amalgamation facilitated by exhaust steam
delivered from an annular chamber, through jets projecting towards the centre of
the pugg.
The fuel-mass drops through regulated openings in the bottom of the pugg into
the desiccator, and falls upon the top revolving saucer, or plate, from which it is
scraped by proper scrapers, to drop over the interposed inverted saucer, which acts
as a spreader, into the next saucer..
We do not confine ourselves to the number of saucers or plates.
The fuel mass, therefore, is compelled to take a zig-zag course through the
desiccator, its particles being separated and rolled over and over during their
progress downwards, so that each one is properly desiccated at a temperature
sufficiently low to obviate all risk of combustion of the finer (and most valuable)`
particles of the fuel being started.
The mass is drawn from the desiccator in any convenient way and subjected to
any convenient moulding process.
In order that our invention, and the means by which the same is to be carried
into effect, may be thoroughly understood, we will proceed to describe the same in
detail, referring in so doing to the accompanying drawings which are to be taken
as part of this specification and read therewith, and in which like parts are marked
throughout with the same reference letter.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation.
Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation taken on the vertical axis of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation of our improved pugg; and
'
Fig. 4 is a sectional side elevation taken on the vertical axis of Fig. 3..
A is the vertical pugg mounted upon the desiccator or drying chamber, B, upon
which it is steadied in any convenient way. The drying chamber is supported at
a convenient height upon columns, C, or their equivalent.

page_text: D is the central shaft upon which are fixed the various stirrers and saucers.. 10
is rotated by toothed gearing.
E is the device by which the fuel-materials are delivered into the pugg through
an opening, F, in its side.
Gare the mixing arms.
H is an annular jacket surrounding the bottom of the pugg, and h, the steam
supply thereto, which may be either exhaust steam supplemented by being
reheated, or by live steam being mixed with it. h are nozzles with blind outer
ends, for the purpose of delivering the steam from the jacket into the mass of
fuel-material in the pugg. The steam condensed in the jacket escapes at h³.
I is a regulator having a free vertical motion upon the central shaft. It consists
of arms, i, set at an angle with the vertical. As it rises and falls with the
varying height of the body of fuel-material in the pugg, it regulates the rate at
which the feeding device travels, by means of any suitable connecting mechanism.
J, J, are arms fast upon the shaft, D, provided for the purpose of forcing the
pugged fuel material down through the holes j, j, formed in the pugg bottom for
that purpose, into the drying chamber, B.
K is a circular door working upon the under face of the bottom of the pugg.
It is rotated by the hand wheels, k, k', and suitable gearing, so that the size of
the openings j.j, and consequently the rate at which the fuel-material is being
delivered into the drying chamber, B, may be easily and exactly regulated.
L, L, L, are bottomless saucers carried upon arms l, l, projecting from the
shaft, D.
M, M are saucer-scrapers projecting from the inside of the chamber B.
N, N are inverted saucers fixed upon the shaft immediately between the
respective bottomless saucers L, L
0,0 are scrapers projecting from the inside of the chamber, B.
We do not confine ourselves to the saucer shape above described as both the
bottomless and inverted parts L and N may be flat. When they are made flat,
the fuel-material stays on them longer than if they are made saucer-shaped as
illustrated.
We may use flat annular plates fixed to either the shaft or the side of the
chamber, B, in combination with the saucer-shaped parts L and N, to prevent the
fuel material travelling too rapidly through the drying chamber.
P is the expeller, which pushes the dried fuel-material towards, and down, the
shoot Q, from which it is taken away by any convenient device, or apparatus, R,
to the pressing machine.
R¹ is a furnace delivering its hot gases into the heater r.
S is the exhaust from the drying chamber. This may be led away in any
direction, or be taken into the flue, T, of the pugg, or into the top of the pugg.
The advantage of carrying the exhaust into the flue, T, or into the top of the
pugg is this, that any fine fuel-material carried out of the drying chamber by the
exhaust will be returned to the chamber through the pugg, instead of being lost.
The special furnace, R¹, may be replaced by conducting the waste gases from any
furnace into the chamber B.
Figa 3 and 4 illustrate the construction of an improved pugg, separate from the
drying chamber, and supported upon its own columns.
The expeller P¹ and the shoot Q1 are counterparts of the corresponding parts P
and Q of the previously described figures.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In apparatus for the manufacture of artificial fluel, the combination in a
vertical steam-jacketted pugg of an automatic feed regulator; a feeding device;
a delivery device; and a steam-supply passing through the steam jacket into the
pugg; substantially as herein before described and illustrated.

page_text: 2. In apparatus for the manufacture of artificial fuel, the combination in a
vertical pugg standing axially over a circular drying chamber into which it
discharges its contents of pugged fuel-material, of an automatic feed regulator
carried loosely upon the upper end of the central shaft of puġg and drying chamber,
and capable of checking or accelerating the rate of feed according to the height of
the bed of fuel-material in the pugg by reason of a suitable connecting device
between it and the feeding device, with said feeding device; the pugging arms on
the central shaft; and a steam-jacket round the lower part of said pugg, sub-
stantially as described with reference to the accompanying figures.
3. In apparatus for the manufacture of artificial fuel, the combination in a
vertical pugg standing axially over a vertical drying chamber, of a rotating
delivery arm for feeding the pugged material into the heater through openings in
the metal diaphragm separating pugg from drying chamber; gearing for regu-
lating said openings; hot air or gas feed and exhaust; and fuel delivering device;
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
4. In apparatus for the manufacture of artificial fuel, the combination in the
drying chamber of the apparatus of bottomless saucers fixed at intervals upon a
vertical rotating shaft; scrapers for the same, an inverted saucer upon said shaft,
under the central opening of each bottomless saucer; and scrapers for said inverted
saucers; substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
5. In the drying chamber of an apparatus for the manufacture of artificial fuel,
the combination of annular plates alternately distanced with bottomless saucers
and inverted saucer revolving within said chamber; scrapers for eaid plates; and
a drying current of hot gases from a furnace; substantially as herein before
described and illustrated.
6. In an apparatus for the manufacture of artificial fuel, the combination of
vertical drying chamber and pugg, the latter carried upon the former; a central
rotating shaft passing vertically through drying chamber and pugg, with a current
of hot gases from a furnace passing vertically through the drying chamber and
exhausting therefrom or through a flue fixed on the top of the pugg substantially
ns herein before described and illustrated.
Dated this 26th day of November 1886