AN IMPROVEMENT. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Beardmore of Parkhead Forge and Steel Works
Glasgow in the County of Lanark North Britain Iron and Steel Manufacturer
and James Mac Callum Cherrie of Parkhead Forge and Steel Works aforesaid
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Beardmore and
James Mac Callum Cherrie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 14th November 1883.
WILLIAM BEARDMORE of Parkhead Forge and Steel Works, Glasgow in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Iron and Steel Manufacturer and JAMES
MAC CALLUM CHERRIE of Parkhead Forge and Steel Works aforesaid
"AN
IMPROVEMENT. IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL,"
:
:
This Invention which relates to an improvement in the manufacture of steel has
for its object to facilitate the elimination of gases from steel ingots as rapidly as
possible after the liquid steel is run into the ingot moulds.-This object is effected
by leaving the upper surface of the ingot mould open, that is to say, uncovered
and freely exposed to the atmosphere and at the same time so shaping the ingots
and ingot moulds that this upper surface is preferably the largest or nearly the
largest surface of the ingot, the ingot itself forming a comparatively thin layer of
steel as distinguished from a deep layer of steel in which form ingots of Siemens-
Martin or open hearth or Bessemer Steel have hitherto been produced in..
",
The effect of casting the steel in an ingot of shallow depth and with, a large
exposed upper surface is that the gases carried into the ingot mould with the liquid
steel have but a short distance to rise before reaching the upper surface of the
ingot and escaping from it whilst in a liquid state so that the steel solidifies
practically free from those gases.
4
An advantage resulting from this Invention is that the process or operation of
hammering ingots preparatory to rolling them into plates or bars is dispensed with
as the improved ingots constructed according to this Invention merely require to be
reheated when they are ready for being passed through the rolling Mill.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Beardmore and James Mac Callum Cherrie in the Patent
Office on the 13th May 1884.
WILLIAM BEARDMORE of Parkhead Forge and Steel Works Glasgow in the
County of Lanark North Britain Iron and Steel Manufacturer and JAMES &
MAC CALLUM CHERRIE of Parkhead Forge and Steel Works aforesaid
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
"
" AN
Our said Invention which relates to an improvement in the manufacture of steel
has for its object to facilitate the elimination of gases from steel ingots as rapidly
as possible after the liquid steel is run into the ingot moulds This object is 1
effected by leaving the upper surface of the ingot mould open, that is to say,
uncovered and freely exposed to the atmosphere and at the same time so shaping
the ingots and ingot moulds that this upper surface is preferably the largest or
nearly the largest surface of the ingot the ingot itself forming a comparatively
thin layer of steel as distinguished from a deep layer of steel in which form ingots
of Siemens-Martin, or open hearth, or Bessemer Steel, have hitherto been
produced in.
The effect of casting the steel in an ingot of shallow depth and with a large
exposed upper surface is that the gases carried into the ingot mould with the liquid
steel have but a short distance to rise before reaching the upper surface of the ingot
and escaping from it, whilst in a liquid state so that the steel solidifies practically
free from those gases.
An advantage resulting from this invention is that the process or operation of
hammering ingots preparatory to rolling them into plates or bars is dispensed with
as the improved ingots constructed according to this Invention. merely require to
be re-heated when they are ready for being passed through the rolling mill.
In lieu of leaving the whole of the upper surface of the moulds open they may
be partly covered over with a metallic plate in which, or round the edges of the
moulds one or more openings are formed for the escape of the gases.
And in order that our said invention may be properly understood we now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode or manner in or under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings and to the Letters and Figures marked thereon,
that is to say :-
Figure 1, is a plan of an ingot mould constructed in accordance with our
present improvements.
Figure 2, is a longitudinal section of the same taken on the line A, B, in
Figure 1.
.
Figure 3, is a transverse section of the same taken on the line C, D, Figure 1.
Figure 4, is a plan of the same provided with a cover as hereinafter more
particularly described
Figures 5, and 6, are respectively side and end elevations of the same.
The mould represented at Figures 1, 2, and 3, is constructed with five receptacles
or cells a, but any other number of such receptacles or cells may be made in one
mould for the reception of the molten metal and are formed of any convenient
dimensions preferably of shallow depth and with the upper parts of the receptacles
or moulds a, of slightly larger linear dimensions than the lower so as to admit of
the casting being formed alightly taper at the sides thereby affording greater
facility for the removal of the same from the said moulds a.
Each receptacle or cell a is connected to its neighbour by the channel b, which
allows the molten metal on being poured into the said moulds α, to flow from

page_text: cell to cell as each becomes filled consecutively, it being understood that the
pouring in of the metal may be at one end or at the central receptacle or cell or
any one of the said cells of the series.-The series of receptacles or cells a, may
also be used with a cover c, as represented at Figures 4, 5 and 6, which cover is held
in its proper position by means of the clamps d, and wedges e, or any other suitable
means may be provided for securing the cover c, in position.
The cover c, is provided with one or more holes f, for the pouring therethrough of
the molten metal into the receptacles or cells a.-The said hole or holes f, may be
formed in any part of the cover o, that is to say, over any one or more of the
receptacles a, which may be found most convenient for the operator.
In practice we find that ingots of about one inch thick and upwards answer well
for the purposes of this Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
invention and the system, mode or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect we would observe in conclusion that
what we consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the invention
secured to us by the berein before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
The casting of steel into ingots of a shallow, or flat shape so that there is in the
said ingots a thin or shallow, as distinguished from a thick, depth or length of
liquid steel through which the gases have to escape and whereby the escape or
elimination of the said gases is much facilitated substantially as hereinbefore
described.
In Witness Whereof we the said William Beardmore and James Mac Callum
Cherrie have hereunto set our hands and seals this twelfth day of May in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
M DE
מ.
JAMES MAC CALLUM CHERRIE. (L.S.)