CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Varley, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and Jeremiah Crowther, of Bradford, in the County
of York, Carrier, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Varley and Jeremiah
Crowther at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th December 1862.
We, JOHN VARLEY, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JEREMIAH CROWTHER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Carrier, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of an improved arrangement of slide valves
for steam engines; to each steam port of the cylinder we have three distinct
plates or valves, the one working on the cylinder facing is for the admission
of steam to the cylinder, and is termed the steam valve; the second is
the cut-off valve which faces or works on the back of the steam plate or valve,
both of which plates or valves have ports or thoroughfares corresponding
with the steam ports of the cylinder; the third plate or valve faces or works
on the back of the cut-off valve, or can be placed between the cut-off valve and
A

page_text: the steam plate or valve. In the valve box, midway between the top and
bottom valves, we have a double lever working on a spindle connected with the
governor, there being studs on each end, to which lever the top and bottom
valves last referred to are connected by means of rods; thus, as the weight
upon the engine is increased or diminished, so also is the quantity of steam
admitted through the cut-off and steam plates or valves to the cylinder; by this
arrangement the plates or valves worked by the governor will not traverse so far
at high expansions as at low, but decrease in the same proportion as the
expansion increases. The steam and cut-off plates or valves can be worked
in the ordinary manner by means of eccentrics or cams.
The second part of our Invention consists of independent exhaust thorough-
fares or ports connecting the cylinder with the condensor, and the use of separate
exhaust plates or valves working the same by connection with the cross head
or slide block of horizontal engines in manner as follows:-On the valve rod
are fixed two curved levers, so adjusted by means of set screws or keys, that a stud
(attached to the cross head or slide block) acts upon each alternately, so as to
move or slide the valves the proper distance and at the required time, or the
valves can be worked by means of a cam or an eccentric fixed on the crank
shaft (or other shaft deriving motion from the crank shaft); in beam engines
the exhaust plates or valves can be worked by a cam or an eccentric fixed on
the crank shaft of the engine, or the cam or eccentric can be fixed on a cross
shaft, and acting upon levers or arms attached to the valve rod would give the
valves the desired motion.
.
The third part of our Invention consists of the formation of the cylinder for
the reception of the valves or plates, the method of working the valves, and
the arrangement of same inside the cylinder. At each exhaust port or thorough-
fare the cylinder is so recessed as to admit of the exhaust valves working in
the same inside the cylinder, so that the back of the valve (which is hollowed
or curved) shall be faceable with the working part of the cylinder, whilst the
other is a flat facing; or the top valve or plate may have a working face of the
same radius as the working part of the cylinder, so as to face against the same
with a recess formed in the cylinder cover to receive it (in horizontal engines
the bottom valve. may also be thus arranged); the valve rods or spindles work
through stuffing boxes fixed at each end of the cylinder, and are coupled
together by means of levers or arms fixed on a rod or shaft, which is actuated
by connection with a can or an eccentric fixed on a cross shaft driven by the
crank shaft, or the valves can be worked by a cam or an eccentric on the crank
shaft. The cut-off valves or plates are worked by connection with the radius

page_text: rods forming the parallel motion, being coupled to the same by means of rods
or links, or the desired motion may be obtained by connection with a cam or
an eccentric fixed on the crank shaft or other shaft driven by the same, by
means of a rod coupling the clams on the cam or eccentric with the rocking
shaft acting upon the valve rod; the steam valves are worked in the usual
manner, by a cam or an eccentric on the crank shaft, or other convenient
shaft, with the usual arrangement of levers, rods, and links for obtaining the
necessary reciprocative movement.
The fourth part of our Invention consists of an arrangement of exhaust plates
or valves in which the top valve is placed in a vertical position and works.
inside the cylinder (as herein-before described), and the bottom valve in a
horizontal position recessed its own depth in the bottom of the cylinder; or both
top and bottom plates or valves can be arranged in a horizontal position, and
work on facings formed in the exhaust thoroughfares.
The fifth part of our Invention consists of another arrangement of cut-off
valves so arranged by connection with the governor as to admit more or less
steam through the steam ports in the valves as the engine varies in velocity.
There are two valves to each steam port, one being a flat plate with a
thoroughfare through it, working or facing on another flat plate or valve,
motion being given to the latter plate or valve by connections with the outer
radius rods of the parallel motion, the other plate or valve being worked by
the inner radius rods, so that as one valve is raised the other is depressed; the
valve rods are coupled to the radius rods by having the ends of the rods
screwed and, fitting into a collar, which connects the valve rod with a short
rod coupled to the radius rods, one half of the collar is screwed with a right-
hand thread, and the other with a left-hand, the ends of the rods corresponding
therewith; on the collar is fixed a wheel, in which works a worm, which, being
connected with the governor, as the engine varies in velocity the valve rods
are lengthened or shortened, and consequently more or less steam is admitted
through the steam valves.
We have also an arrangement of valves for cutting off steam at any point
of the stroke. To do this we use a valve having a port or thoroughfare
through it for the admission of steam to the cylinder; this port is divided into
a number of smaller passages by means of bars. On the back of this and
recessed into it we place another valve with the port divided in a similar
manner; the latter valve, in addition to the motion derived from the first or
steam valve, has also a motion at right angles with it produced by means of
cams, tappets, or any other mechanical arrangement that can be derived

page_text: by connection with the governor, thereby cutting off steam at any point of the
stroke.
The sixth part of our Invention consists of an arrangement of cylinders and
valves of a vertical high-pressure and low-pressure horizontal engine, so that
the condensed water shall pass from each cylinder along with the exhaust
steam, and thus prevent the accumulation of water in the cylinders without
the use of taps or syphons; the horizontal cylinder being in this case at a lower
level than the bottom of the vertical cylinder, the water passes from the
former through the latter, and thence through the exhaust pipes into the
condensor.
.
The eighth part of our Invention consists of a peculiar formation of the
rings of pistons, which are arranged in two or more parts, the several parts of
each ring being forced assunder, and thus pressed against the working part of
the cylinder by spiral springs working on guides suitably adjusted in steam-
tight chambers formed at one end of each segment or part of a ring; the guides
being forced against the adjoining segments by the springs in each case causes
an equalization of pressure against the cylinder.
The ninth part of our Invention consists of a novel and improved arrangement
of steam boilers, whereby the water in the lower part of the boiler becomes
subject to a greater heat than in the ordinary two-flued boilers; this we accom-
plish in the following manner :-The furnace flues (two in number are united
behind the bridge so as to form a combustion chamber, cylindrical, elliptical,
or otherwise made, and of such length as may be desirable; in the centre of
the chamber is a virtical flue connecting the flue under the boiler with the
combustion chamber (which arrangement can be repeated in the length of the
boiler as often as may be convenient or desirable); there also being an internal
flue connecting every other combustion chamber, it will thus be seen that on
the flame, heat, or smoke entering the combustion chamber, it will pass through
the virtical flue to the under side of the boiler, passing along which to the next
virtical flue, and so rise into the next combustion chamber, and passing through
the internal flue to the adjoining chamber, and thence down the virtical flue to
the under side of the boiler, and so on as often as the process is repeated, the
result of which will be a large amount of increased heating surface, an equaliza-
tion in the heat of the water, and a consequent saving in fuel used.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Varley and Jeremiah Crowther in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th June 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
VARLEY, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and
JEREMIAH CROWTHER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Carrier, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters¨`
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said John Varley and Jeremiah Crowther, Her special licence, that we,
the said John Varley and Jeremiah Crowther, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others), that we, the said John
Varley and Jeremiah Crowther, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calender months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Varley and Jeremiah
Crowther, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawings,
(that is to say):-
:-
This Invention consists, firstly, of an improved arrangement of slide valves
for steam engines; to each steam port of the cylinder we have three distinct
plates or valves, the one working on the cylinder facing is for the admission of
steam to the cylinder, and is termed the steam valve; the second is the cut-off
valve, which faces or works on the back of the steam plate or valve, both of
which plates or valves have ports or thoroughfares corresponding with the
steam port of the cylinder; the third plate or valve faces or works on. the

page_text: back of the cut-off valve, or can be placed between the cut-off valve and the
steam plate or valve. In the valve box, midway between the top and bottom
valves, we have a double lever fixed on a spindle connected with the governor,
there being studs at each end, to which the top and bottom valves (last referred
to) are connected by means of rods; thus, as the weight upon the engine is
increased or diminished, so also is the quantity of steam admitted through the
cut-off and steam plates or valves to the cylinder; by this arrangement the
plates or valves worked by the governor will not traverse so quick at high
expansions as at low, but decreases in speed in the same proportion as the
expansion increases. The steam and cut-off plates or valves can be worked in
the ordinary manner by means of eccentrics or cams.
:
The second part of our improvements consists of peculiar arrangements of
exhaust ports, or thoroughfares connecting the cylinder with the condensor, and
the peculiar adaptation and arrangement of separate exhaust plates or valves
working the same by their connection with the cross head or slide block of
horizontal engines,, in manner as follows:-On the valve rod are fixed two
curved levers or arms, so adjusted by means of set screws or keys, that a stud
attached to the cross head or slide block so acts upon each alternately as to
move or slide the valves the proper distance at the required time; or the valves
can be worked by a cam or an eccentric fixed on the crank shaft or other
shaft deriving motion from, the crank shaft.
The third part, of our improvements consists of the formation of the cylinder
for the reception of the valves or plates; the method of working the valves
and the arrangement of same inside the cylinder.
At each exhaust port or thoroughfare the cylinder is so recessed as to admit
of the exhaust valves working in the same inside the cylinder, so that the back
of the valve (which is hollowed or curved) shall be faceable with the working
part of the cylinder, whilst the other is a flat facing; or the top valve or plate
may have a working face of the same radius as the working part of the
cylinder, so as to face against the same, with a recess formed in the cylinder
cover to receive it.
In horizontal engines the exhaust valves may also be thus arranged:-The
valve rods or spindles work through stuffing boxes fixed at, each end of the
cylinder, and are coupled together by means of levers, or arms fixed on a rod
or shaft, which is actuated by connection with a cam or an eccentric fixed on
a cross, shaft driven by the crank shaft, or the valves can be worked by a cam
or an eccentric, on the crank shaft.
The cut-off valves or plates can be worked by connection with the radius
rods forming the parallel motion, being, coupled to the same by means of rods

page_text: or links; or the desired motion may be obtained by connection with a cam or
an eccentric fixed on the crank shaft or other shaft driven by the same, by
means of a rod coupling the clams on the cam or eccentric with the rocking
shaft acting upon the valve rod; the steam valves are worked in the usual
manner by a cam or an eccentric on the crank shaft or other convenient shaft,
with the usual arrangement of levers, rods, and links for obtaining the
necessary reciprocative movement.
The fourth part of our improvements consists of an arrangement of exhaust'
plates or valves, in which the top valve is placed in a vertical position, and
works inside the cylinder (as herein-before described), and the bottom valvė
in a horizontal position recessed its own depth in the bottom of the cylinder;
or both top and bottom plates or valves can be arranged in a horizontal
position, and work on facings formed in the exhaust thoroughfare.
The fifth part of our improvements consists of another arrangement of cut-
off valves, so arranged by connection with the governor as to admit more or
less steam through the steam ports in the valves as the engine varies in velocity
by cutting off the steam at an earlier or later point of the stroke in accordance
with such variation of speed. There are two valves to each steam port,. one
being a flat plate with a thoroughfare through it, working or facing on another
flat plate or valve, motion being given to the latter plate or valve by con-
nection with the radius rods of the parallel motion; the other plate or valve
is also worked by being coupled to such motion in such manner that as one
valve is raised the other is depressed. To the radius rods are attached short
rods with screwed ends, on each of which are screwed long collars, which are
also screwed on to the ends of the valve rods, one half of the collars being
screwed with a right-hand thread, and the other half with a left-hand thread;
on each of these collars is placed a wheel, so arranged that whilst the valve
rods work up and down through the same, they being worked by a pinion or
worm on a shaft coupled with the change motion of the governor; as the
engine varies in speed the valve rods are lengthened' or shortened in accordance
with such change of velocity, and consequently more or less steam is admitted
through the cut-off valves by the cutting off of the steam at a later or an
earlier point of the stroke.
The following, though a modified arrangement, is the same in principle, and
will in most cases be preferable to the foregoing. The valve rods connecting
the top and bottom valves are at such places where they pass through the
valves screwed, that end passing through one valve being a left-hand thread;
and the other being a right-hand thread, the hole through each valve' being
tapped or chased to correspond with such screwed portion of the rods'; each

page_text: rod extends and works through stuffing boxes, and the ends of the rods being
squared, on each is placed a wheel of such size as to geer with each other,
which wheels are so arranged that the valve rods when working slide up and
down through the same; to one of the wheels is geered a pinion or worm on
a shaft connected with the change motion of the governor ; thus, as the engine
varies in speed the pinion or worm turns the wheels with which it is geered in
opposite directions, and causing the valve rods to revolve, the valves are drawn
nearer together or placed further asunder in accordance with such change of
velocity; thus, steam is cut off at an earlier or later point of the stroke, as
required by such change of the load on the engine.
We have also another arrangement of valves for cutting off steam at any
point of the stroke, to do which we use a valve having a port or thoroughfare
for the admission of steam to the cylinder; this port is divided into a number
of smaller passages by means of bars; on the back of this valve, and recessed
into it, we place another valve with the port divided in a similar manner.
The latter valve, in addition to the motion derived from the first or steam valve,
has also a motion at right angles with it, produced by means of cams, tappets,
or any other mechanical arrangement that can be varied by connection with
the governor, thereby cutting off steam at any point of the stroke; the barred
or gridiron cut-off valve, and method of working same, is also applicable to the
common slide or box valves, and to gridiron valves as now in use.
The sixth part of our improvements consists of an arrangement of cylinders
and valves of a vertical high-pressure and low-pressure horizontal engine, so
that the condensed water shall pass from each cylinder along with the exhaust
steam, and thus prevent the accumulation of water in the cylinders without
the use of taps or syphons; the horizontal cylinder being in this case at a
lower level than the bottom of the vertical cylinder, the water passes from
the former to the latter, and thence through the exhaust pipes into the
condensor.
The seventh part of our improvements consists of an arrangement of a
high and a low pressure cylinder fixed side by side, the piston rods being con-
nected to one cross head, and by means of links to the beam, as usual in
existing arrangements of parallel motion. The same principle is also appli-
cable to horizontal and diagonal engines.
The eighth part of our improvements consists of a peculiar formation of the
rings of pistons, which are arranged in two or more parts, the several parts
of each ring being forced asunder, and thus pressed against the working part
of the cylinder by spiral springs working on piston guides suitably adjusted
in steam-tight chambers formed at one end of each segment or part of a ring ;

page_text: the guides being forced against the adjoining segments by the springs causes
an equilization of pressure against the cylinder.
The ninth part of our improvements consists of a novel and improved
arrangement of steam boilers, whereby the water in the lower part of the
boiler becomes subject to greater heat than in the ordinary two-flued boilers.
This we accomplish in the following manner :-The furnace flues (two in
number) are united behind the bridges, so as to form a combustion chamber,
cylindrical, elliptical, or otherwise made, and of such length as may be
desirable. In the centre of the chamber is a vertical flue connecting the
longitudinal flue under the boiler with the combustion chamber; some little
distance from the other there is another vertical flue which communicates
with another chamber, and this is further connected by an internal flue with
another chamber, in which is placed another vertical flue, and this arrange-
ment of a series of chambers and flues can be repeated in the length of a
boiler as often as it may be found practicable or desirable.
It will thus be seen that on the smoke, heated air, or gases entering the
combustion chamber it will pass through the vertical flue to the under side of
the boiler, passing along which to the next vertical flue, and so rise into the
next chamber, and passing through the internal flue to the adjoining chamber,
and thence down the vertical flue to the under side of the boiler, and so on as
often as the process is repeated; the result of which will be a large amount
of increased heating surface, an equalization in the heat or temperature of
the water in the boiler, and a consequent saving in fuel used.
The manner in which our said Invention is to be performed will be clearly
understood by reference to the accompanying 6 Sheets of Drawings, in which
the same letters refer to similar parts in so far as such parts appear in the
several views or diagrams as shewn.
The first part of our improvements is illustrated in Sheets 1 and 2;
Figures 1, 2, and 5, Sheet 1, are side elevations shewn in section of vertical
steam-engine cylinders, with our improved arrangements of steam and cut-off
valves applied, and the method of working the same; Figure 3 is a plan view
in section of Figure 1; Figure 4, a plan of Figure 2, and Figure 6, a plan of
Figure 5; Figure 1 shews the application of the first of our arrangements of
the steam and cut-off plates or valves. The top and bottom steam plates or
.valves A are coupled by rod or rods B, which, passing and working through
the stuffing boxes C, are connected by the links to the lever D on the shaft F,
and are worked by the cam G on the cross shaft H, driven by the crank shaft.
The valves or plates A will be thus raised and lowered in accordance with the
motion of the said cam G. The steam plates or valves A are simply flat."

page_text: plates, with ports or thoroughfares, working on the back of which are placed
the cut-off plates or valves K, as shewn in Figures 1 and 3. These also have
ports or thoroughfares, and are coupled by rod or rods M; the top plate or
valve K is connected by rod N, which works through the stuffing box O to
the rod P attached to one end of the double lever R, which works on the
stud S, supported by a bracket attached to the spring beams, the other end of
which lever R is connected by the links I with the radius bars J', forming
the parallel motion; a reciprocative movement is thus given to the double
lever R, and thus, by connection with the cut-off plates or valves. K, the
required motion for working the same is obtained. The other plates or
valves U are simply flat plates without ports or thoroughfares, and the top
and bottom plates or valves are connected by the rods V with opposite ends of
the double lever W, fixed on the spindle X, which works in the stuffing box Y,
on the end of which spindle there is fixed the lever "a" connecting the same
by rod "6" to the arm or lever "c," as shewn in Figure 2 attached to the
quadrant "d" worked by the worm "e" on the shaft f, driven by the governor,
as shewn, applied to another motion in Figure 4, Sheet 3.
The steam plates or valves in Figure 2 are of the same construction, and
are similarly worked, as illustrated by Figure 1, but in this arrangement the
cut-off plates or valves K are without ports or thoroughfares; but the other
valves U worked by the governor (as herein-before described), have ports or
thoroughfares, and are placed between the cut-off plates or valves K and the
steam plates or valves A. A similar motion is also used for working the steam
plates or valves A as is employed for working the steam plate or valve A ;
thus, as the valve rod M .working through the stuffing box O is connected by
links "h" to the lever "," which being coupled and worked by the cam "k"
on the shaft H driven by the crank shaft, the required motion is given to the
valves K. Figure 7 is a front view of the plates or valves U, and shews their
connection with the double lever W on the spindle X; the arm "a," on which
being coupled to the vertical rod "b," attached to the quadrant arm or lever "c,"
motion is communicated to the plates or valves U by the variable action of
the governor, which is illustrated in Figure 4, Sheet 3, as applied to another
motion; thus, as the engine is moving at its proper speed the shaft "for 6"
will be stationary, but if the engine increases in speed it will so move the
quadrant "d" by the worm "e" as to draw the valves U nearer together,
and thus cut off the steam at an earlier point of the stroke; if, however, the
engine slackens in speed, the shaft "f or 6" being worked in an opposite
direction, the result will be to gradually move the valves further apart, and
thus cut off the steam at a later point of the stroke.

page_text: The second, third, and fourth parts of our improvements, consisting of
peculiar arrangements of exhaust thoroughfares or passages and separate.
exhaust valves, together with the method of working the same, are also illus-
trated in Figures 2 and 5, and in the plans, Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 1 ; whilst
one of the foregoing arrangements of steam and cut-off plates or valves, as
also one system of exhaust valves, are shewn in the enlarged plan in
section of the same, as applied to a horizontal engine in Sheet 2, Figure 1,
Figure 2, a side elevation, and in Figure 3, an end elevation of the same;
whilst in Figure 4 one method of working the exhaust valves by curved levers
is shewn applied to an horizontal engine; other arrangements of exhaust valves,
steam, and cut-off valves are illustrated in Sheet 3,. Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
and 6.
Figure 2, Sheet 1, represents one arrangement of the second part of our
improvements. In this illustration the exhaust valves "d" consist of flat.,
plates, having plained surfaces, and are placed in horizontal positions, the top!
valve working on plained facings in the exhaust thoroughfare "e," the other
valve "d" works in the recess "f" formed in the bottom of the cylinder; both;
valves are fastened to spindles "9" working through stuffing boxes "h," and
are attached by links "i" to levers "j" fixed on the vertical shaft "k," which,
obtains a reciprocative movement by connection with the cam "7" driven by
the crank shaft, thus giving the desired motion to the exhaust valves "d;";
such arrangements, as also those immediately following, referring to Figure 5,
Sheet 1, and Figure 4, Sheet 2, being more minutely described under the
heads of the second and third parts of our improvements.
In Figure 5 both top and bottom valves "d" are placed in a vertical
position; the cylinder cover "m²" is so recessed as to allow the top valve to.
work in the same, which valve "d" has a working face of the same radius
as the mouth of the cylinder against which it works or faces; the cylinder
cover m is also hollowed immediately opposite the exhaust port, so as to.
admit of the free escape of the exhaust steam.
By reference to the plan in section, Figure 6, the formation of the top.
valves will be better understood. The bottom valve d consists of a flat.
plate and faces against a plained surface immediately surrounding the exhaust.
port or thoroughfare "e," which being below the level of the bottom of the
cylinder, the latter is so hollowed as to give a free passage for the exhaust
steam through the exhaust port or thoroughfare "e," which is formed in the
cylinder side; both top and bottom valves "d" are attached by valve
spindles "g" to the arms "i" on the vertical shaft "p," which being, con-
nected with links "q" to the lever "" (worked by the cam "b,") or other lever

page_text: on the same shaft "s," the necessary motion is given to the valves. The
vertical shaft "p" in this arrangement is placed in close position to the
outside of the exhaust passage "e," as shewn in the plan, Figure 6. In the
side elevation, Figure 4, Sheet 2, the exhaust valves are attached to
the valve rod "g," coupled by links "q" to the arms or levers "r," the curved
levers "c" being connected with which are moved by the stud "d" fixed to the
slide block "e" as it traverses backward and forward, thus giving motion to
the valves; or by having one double lever fixed on a stud attached to the guide
frame "f," and connected with an L-leg lever attached to the valve rod "g," the
stud "d" would so act upon the two curved ends of the double lever as to give
the required motion to the valves.
In Figure 1, Sheet 1, is illustrated the application of the arrangement of
valves under the fourth part of our improvements, in which the top exhaust
valve "d" is placed in a vertical position, and the bottom valve "d" in a
horizontal position; the plan and method of working the top valve being
similar to the foregoing description of Figure 5, and the plan and method of
the bottom valve "d" is similar to the illustration, Figure 2.
In Figure 1, Sheet 3, both exhaust valves "d" are placed in vertical
positions, but in this arrangement the exhaust pipe and cylinder are not made
in one casting, as in the foregoing illustration, but they form separate castings,
and are screwed together by flange joints; the exhaust pipe "e" is so made
as to admit of the vertical shaft "p" being passed through it, as shewn at N;
in other respects the exhaust valves are constructed and worked as in Figure 5,
Sheet 1, only in place of the cylinder cover m having a recess formed in it to
admit of the top valve working in the same, there is a recess (having a flat
facing formed in the cylinder in which the exhaust valve "d" works, as shewn
at W, but the cover is hollowed, as in the former illustrations, to admit of the
free passage of exhaust steam through the ports or thoroughfares; in these
respects, Figure 4, Sheet 3, is the same, but the method of working the valves
is modified; we have a shaft H driven by the governor wheel X, or other
wheel driven by wheel on the crank shaft, on which shaft H are fixed the
respective cams G1, G2, G3, for working the exhaust steam and cut-off valves;
the cam G' thus acts in direct manner upon the vertical shaft "p" without the
aid of levers and links.
The fifth part of our improvements is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
and 7, Sheet 3. Figure 1 is a side elevation in section of a cylinder with the
steam, cut-off, and exhaust valves applied. Figure 3 is a plan of the same;
and Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same; Figure 4 is a side elevation in
section; and Figure 5 is also a side elevation of a cylinder, to each of which

page_text: is applied a different arrangement of valves; Figure 6 is a plan of Figure 5;
and Figure 7 is an end view in section of the steam and cut-off valves.
In this arrangement, as shewn in Figure 1, Sheet 3, the steam plates or
valves A are constructed and worked as in Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1; the
cut-off plates or valves are, in formation, the same as in Figure 1, Sheet 1 ;
so also is the traverse motion obtained by the rod "m" being similarly worked
by the radius bars of the parallel motion, but the rod "m," connecting the top
and bottom valves K, has a screwed thread at such places where it is screwed
through the valves K; one part of the rod is screwed with a left-hand thread
and the other with a right-hand thread, as shewn at Z, the valves K being so
bored and tapped, or chased, as to correspond with the screwed portions of the
rod "m," and working or facing against the back of the top and bottom cut-off
plates or valves K is placed another flat plate or valve without port or
thoroughfare; the valve rod V being arranged as is applied to the cut-off plates
or valves K, that is to say, the rod V is screwed through the plates or valves U,
one part having a right-hand, and the other a left-hand thread; the cut-off
valve rod "m," as also the valve rod V, both work through the stuffing
boxes O each rod above the stuffing boxes is squared, and they are passed and
work through squared holes in the wheels "2, 2," which are actuated by being
coupled with the wheel "3" on the vertical shaft "4," this in turn being
worked by the wheel "5" on the shaft "6," coupled by wheel "7" to the
governor wheels " 8 and 9," as shewn in Figure "4," Sheet "3;" to the bracket
"10" supporting the wheels "2, 2," is secured a stud "11," on which works
the double lever "12," in Figure 2, one end of which lever is connected by
links "13" to a short arm or stud on the cut-off valve rod "m," and the other
end of the lever "12" is coupled in a similar manner to the other valve rod V ;
thus it will be clearly observed, that as the cut-off valves K are raised by their.
connection with the radius bars T¹, the other valves U will be lowered, and
when the former valve K is lowered, the latter will be raised; the cut-off plate
or valve K having a port or thoroughfare, and the other valve U being simply
a flat plate, it will be evident that steam will be admitted to and cut off from
the steam valve more or less quickly in accordance with the variable speed of
the engine. When the engine is working at its proper speed, the shaft "6"
will not be moved by the action of the governor, and consequently, the top and
bottom valves U, as also the cut-off valves K, will not be influenced by their
connection with the governor, but if the engine increases in speed, the balls in
distending will lower the vertical shaft "14," the key "15," in which is then
brought in contact with the noggs on the wheel "9," causing the same to
revolve with the shaft 6," the intermediate connections between which and

page_text: the wheels "2, 2," cause the valve rods "m and v to revolve, and the valves K
and U are thus drawn by the screws nearer together, so as to cut off the
steam at an earlier point of the stroke; on the other hand, if the speed of the
engine decreases, the valves are gradually placed further apart, by an opposite
motion be given to the valve rods by their connection with the governor, for
when the balls collapse the upright shaft "14" is drawn down so as to cause
the key "15" to come in contact with the wheel "8," thus giving a contrary
motion to the shaft 6, by which the valves K and U are caused to cut off
the steam at a later point of the stroke.
Figures 2 and 3, Sheet 3, shew the relative position of the valve rods M
and V, and wheels "2 and 2" on the same; as also the double lever "12,"
and the vertical shaft "p" attached by the arm "o" to the valve spindle "m"
connected with the exhaust valve "d.".
In Figure 4, Sheet 3, is shewn another arrangement of steam valves and
cut-off valves; the steam valves consist of flat plates with ports or thorough-
fares, as in preceding illustrations, and are worked by connection with the
cam G2 on the cam shaft H; the cut-off valves are simply flat plates without
ports or thoroughfares, and obtain the necessary traverse motion by being
coupled to the cam G³, also on the shaft H; and the top and bottom valves
are connected and regulated by the valve rod "m," having screwed threads at
such parts where it passes through the back of the valves K, the top end of
which rod "m" above the stuffing box "O" is squared, and works through the
squared hole in the wheel "2," which being geered to wheel "3" on the
upright shaft "4" connected by wheel "5" on shaft " 6," which is coupled with
the governor wheels " 8 and 9 " by wheel "7;" the valve rod is thus shortened or
lengthened, so as to bring the valves K nearer together or place them further
apart; and the steam is thus cut off at an earlier or later point of the stroke in
accordance with the variable action of the governor, caused by change of load
or speed of the engine.
The latter portion of the fifth part of our improvements is illustrated in
Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 3. Figure 5 is a front elevation of a cylinder with
these arrangements applied; and Figure 6 is a plan in section of the same.
Placed immediately in front of the cut-off valve K is the steam valve A, into
which valve A the former is dovetailed, as shewn in the sectional end elevation
of the two valves in Figure 7; being thus arranged, it will be evident that both
valves will be raised and lowered at one and the same time, in accordance with
the motion given to the lever E by its connection with a cam on the crank
shaft, the valve rod B being attached to the lever E by links, or to other
lever or arm on the same shaft. Now the vertical shaft "a" is connected by

page_text: wheels "b, b," with the crank shaft, and revolves at the same speed; in the
cam "c," for a portion of its depth, there is cut a groove, and fitted into
the side of the shaft "d" is a key, and which is placed in the groove in the cam
"c¹;" thus, as the cams "c" and "c2" are secured to the cam shaft "d," the
revolving motion of the vertical shaft "a" is given to the same; on the upper
end of the cam shaft "d" is fixed another cam "c²;" both cams "c1" and "c² " so
act upon the cam frames "e" attached by spindles "f" (working through the
stuffing boxes "g") to the cut-off valves, so that with each revolution of the shaft
"d" the cut-off valves K are moved latterally across the steam valves A, and
thus cut off the steam; and for regulating such motion for cutting off the steam,
the upper end of the cam shaft "d" is connected by rod "h" to the governor,
and thus will raise the cam shaft "d" and cams "c' and c," if the engine
increases in speed, and will consequently cause the cams "c¹ and c³" so to act
upon the cam frames "e," so as to move the cut-off valves, and thus cut off the
steam at an earlier point of the stroke by the bars l'in the cut-off valve covering
the spaces between the bars of the steam valve A.
The sixth part of our improvements is illustrated by Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 4.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a vertical high-pressure and low-pressure
horizontal steam engine, and Figure 2 is a plan of the same. The high
pressure cylinder A is placed on the cast-iron frame B, under which are fixed
the guide frames C, for the slide block D, of the cross head E, of the low-
pressure horizontal cylinder F, to which cross-head E, the mounting of
the connecting rod G is attached; the connecting rod is coupled to the pin
H in the ear cast on the side of the vertical high-pressure connecting rod I;
the shaft K worked by a wheel on the crank shaft L, drives the cam shaft "a"
on which are fixed the respective cams for working the steam cut off, and
exhaust valves of both vertical and horizontal cylinders; cam "6" works the
exhaust valves of the low-pressure cylinder F; the steam valve is worked by
another cam coupled by rod "m" to the lever "n on the rocking shaf "o,"
a arm on which is attached by links and rod to the valve rod or spindle "p";
another cam on the same shaft being coupled to a lever on the shaft "f," and
attached to the valve rod or spindle by links, works the steam valves of the
vertical cylinder; whilst the exhaust valves are connected by links with the
arm "" on the shaft "s," the lever "f" on which being coupled with a cam
on the shaft "a," the necessary motion is obtained. The exhaust steam from the
vertical cylinder A passes through pipe m to the low-pressure horizontal
cylinder, and the exhaust steam from the latter passes through the exhaust
pipe N into the condensor O; the air pump P, connected with which is

page_text: worked by rod Q attached to the beam R; although the horizontal cylinder F
connecting rod G is shewn coupled to the pin H fixed in the ear of the vertical
high-pressure connecting rod I, yet the same could be coupled to the crank
pin L, to which the latter is attached. Where vertical cylinders are used the
exhaust valves can also be worked by being attached by links to the steam
valve rod, one cam or eccentric thus working both valves, and which
arrangement is also applicable to the foregoing high-pressure cylinder.
The seventh part of our improvements is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4,
Sheet 5. In the end elevation, Figure 1, the vertical high-pressure cylinder A is
shewn, placed by the side of the vertical low-pressure cylinder B, the respective
piston C, of which are coupled to the mounting on the cross head D, which is
connected by links E to the beam F; thus, in this arrangement both pistons
will have the same length of stroke; the pipe G conducts the exhaust steam
from the high-pressure cylinder A to the low-pressure cylinder B; and the
plan in section, Figure 2, shews the exhaust pipe G of the low-pressure
cylinder B, and also the condensor J, and air pump K; Figure 3 is a plan of a
portion of a horizontal engine having a high and a low-pressure cylinder. In
the plan, Figure 3, is shewn the high-pressure cylinder A, and the low-pressure
B, the pistons C being coupled to the mounting D, on the cross head E
to which is coupled the connecting rod F; Figure 4 is an end view
in section of the high and low-pressure cylinders, the exhaust pipe G shewing
the connection of the latter with the former.
The eighth part of our improvements is illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 5.
Figure 5 is a plan in section of a piston, the rings A of which are made
in two parts, in each of which parts is formed a steam-tight chamber, in which
are placed the piston guides B, but which are made a little shorter than
the chambers, and are so formed that the spiral spring C can be placed
on the spindles of the piston guides "d" thus when the piston guides with
springs have been placed in the steam-tight chambers, and both parts of the
ring are duly put together, each part will be pressed against the cylinder by
the springs C being tightly compressed between the ends of the chambers
and the bosses B of the piston guides, which latter being in contact with the
adjoining parts of the ring compresses the spring C on the piston guides B;
thus, the pressure of the rings against the cylinder is determined by the elastic
strength of the spiral springs; Figure 6 is an end view in section of Figure 5
shewing the construction of the rings A, and an end view of the piston
guide B.
The ninth part of our improvements is illustrated in Sheet 6, Figures 1, 2

page_text: 3, 4, 5, and 6. Figure 1 is a side elevation, in section, of a boiler shewing the
fire-box A, the several chambers B, the vertical. flues C, the longitudinal
flues D, and the internal flues E; Figure 2, is a plan in section of Figure 1,
which also shews the application of the longitudinal tubes "a" shewn in
the sectional side elevation in Figure 3, only one half of each internal flue E
being thus arranged; Figure 4 is an end elevation of Figure 1, shewing the
formation of a chamber B, and its connection by the vertical flue C, with the
longitudinal D beneath the boiler; Figure 5 is an end view in section of
Figure 1, which also shews the position of the fire-box flues A, and Figure 6
is an end view in section of Figure 3, shewing the arrangement of the longitu-
dinal tubes A in the internal flue E; thus, as the smoke and heated gases pass
over the bridges F, the products of combustion become united within the
combustion chamber B', from which they pass through the vertical flue C¹
into the longitudinal flue D', from thence rising through the vertical flue C³
into the chamber B, from which they pass through the internal flue E', (or the
longitudinal tubes "a" where applied) into the chamber B³, and so on
throughout the whole series of tubes and chambers.
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Having thus fully described the nature of our said Iuvention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly under-
stood that we do not confine ourselves to the exact details herein set forth,
as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle thereof,
neither do we claim the use of separate exhaust pipes, ports, or thoroughfares,
and valves, as we are aware such have been in use before, but not in manner
or in combination with the arrangements herein described; but we claim as our
Invention, and which to the best of our knowledge and belief has not been
hitherto used within the realm,-
Firstly, the general construction, combination, and arrangement of the
various parts of steam engines, whether compound or otherwise.
Secondly, the arrangements of steam and cut-off valves, and method of
working the same, for regulating the expansion of steam, and the means em-
ployed for varying such expansion by connection with the governor, as herein-
before described.
Thirdly, the peculiar construction of the cylinders for the reception of the
exhaust valves, and the particular formation of such valves, which are so
arranged as to work within the cylinder, as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the peculiar arrangement of the rings of pistons, and means
employed for creating an equalization of pressure against the cylinder as herein-
before described.

page_text: Fifthly, the novel and improved arrangement of the combustion chambers
and flues of steam boilers, as herein-before set forth and described. . :
In witness whereof, I, the said John Varley, for and on behalf of myself
and the said Jeremiah Crowther, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered, by the
within-named John Varley, in the
presence of
JOHN HENRY TRAVIS,
JOHN VARLEY. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,.
Royton.