An Improved Wheel for Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Jan., 1896
omplete Specification Left, 1st Apr., 1896--Accepted, 31st Oct., 1896
1
DIUNAD DI
An Improved Wheel for Carriages.
I WILLIAM CAMPBELL 93 West View Newcastle-on-Tyne, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
For use on road carriages I put a circular hoop round a rim of wooden felloes.
I place two flat rings on the sides of the felloes to be bolted together through the
rim and through the ends of the spokes.
Each of the spokes is long enough to reach in one length across the side of the
wheel from a point in the rim to an opposite point in the rim crossing one another
close upon the nave without being attached to it.
A ruff is put round the outside of the nave to guide the spokes the ends of each
spoke being attached to the rim.
The spokes support the nave by their sides in the centre of the wheel, say six or
eight or sixteen spokes made of spring steel or of wooden bars.
The spokes of the wheel could be constructed with slotted holes at the middle of
their length for an axle.
For railway carriages the spokes cross close upon the axle without a nave and
cross one another and carry the axle in the centre of the wheel by their sides-that
is upon their sides.
Dated this 7th day of January 1896.
WM. CAMPBELL.
WILLIAM CAMPBELL 93 West View, Newcastle Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In constructing this wheel for road carriages I put a circular hoop or tyre a
round the outer face of a circular rim of wooden felloes b.
1 place two flat rings of iron c, one on each side of the rim, to be bolted together
through the rim and through the ends of the spokes.
I make each of the spokes d of the wheel long enough to reach in one length
across the side of the wheel from a point c in the rim b to an opposite point in the
rim b, and the two opposite ends of each spoke are fixed to the rim b at these two
opposite points or positions e in the rim b.
I arrange the spokes d in parallel pairs--one spoke of a pair passing close upon the
side of the nave, and the other spoke of the pair passing close upon the other side
of the nave f of the wheel-neither being attached to the nave f.
The ends of these pairs of spokes being attached to the rim of the wheel, the
spokes cross each other at regular distances round the wheel at alternate points 9 on
the two sides of the rim of the wheel.
Each of the two ends of these pairs of spokes may be joined together sideways
by a bar h at the side of the rim to give greater stiffness to the wheel.

page_text: I use an iron nave with a ruff i projecting all round its outside at the middle
of its length 4, or with a ring screwed round its outside to keep the spokes in
position upon the nave. A piece or bar is to project from the nave to catch
upon the rings k, or upon the bolts, and bring the nave round with the wheel
when the wheel revolves, otherwise the nave of this wheel may be that used in
any circular wheel supporting and carrying the axle of a carriage, whether the nave
revolves upon the axle or whether the axle turns with the wheel when the wheel is
turned round; or, whether the axle, being fixed in the nave, the axle drives the
wheel round with itself.
I fix one iron ring k on each side of the wheel outside of the spokes near the
nave and bolt them together to bind the spokes all round, and to assist the spokes
in keeping the nave f in the centre of the wheel.
The ends of the spokes d being attached to the rim, the sides of the spokes
support the nave f and act as springs when under the pressure of the axle of a
carriage in the nave of the wheel.
There may be any convenient number of spokes in the wheel, say eight or sixteen
spokes.
I make the spokes of spring steel bars; they may, however, be made of wood,
and the rim of the wheel could be made of iron.
For use under a very light carriage, as this wheel has one flat iron ring on each
side of its rim, the wheel could safely be run without the iron tyre hoop, and a band
of india-rubber might be put round the edge of the wheel, upon the wooden felloes,
for greater silence when being run upon a road.
This wheel may be constructed with the spokes placed across the centre of the
sides of the wheel with their ends m attached to the rim b.
To receive the axle of a carriage there is a hole a formed through each of
these spokes at the middle of its length, each hole to be slotted a little each way
from the centre of the wheel, in the direction of the length of the spoke, so that
only the two sides of each hole touch and hold the axle or bush in the centre
of the wheel. This slotting of the holes a is to prevent a direct endways pressure
on a spoke when it is in a vertical position, at which time the other spokes may
be yielding sideways as springs under the pressure of an axle with the weight of
a carriage.
A distance ring p or washer upon the nave to divide between the spokes, one-half
of the number being on each side of the wheel.
The whole of the spokes to be bolted slackly together betwixt two outside rings,
near the middle of the wheel.
For railway wheels, I use the usual heavy iron rim r, formed with a flange ou
one edge of its outer face, but I also form the rim with a bevelled projection t
upon its inner face, and at the contrary edge of the rim to the flange, to keep the
rim upon the spokes when the flange upon the outer face of the rim is run hard
against the rails of a railway.
I form the ends u of each pair of spokes d together to bind them across the inside
of the rim r of the wheel, and having a bevel e where their ends are formed together
to rest sideways against the bevelled projection t which is formed inside of the rim
of the wheel.
The axle w of a pair of these railway wheels requires no nave in the wheels, but
it must have two large strong ruff's i formed round itself, at the two positions for the
middle of the two wheels to keep the railway gauge.
For each of the two wheels the spokes, which are bound together at their ends,
pass across the axle, close upon it, and close to the two sides of this ruff at regular
divisions round the wheel and across one another.
The spokes, which are bound together at their ends, pass across the axle, close
upon it and close to the two sides of this ruff at regular divisions round the wheel,
and the spokes cross one another. Fig. 7. & Fig. 8.
The spokes are held sideways, but not tightly, in position between two iron
rings near the axle, which are bolted together hy very strong bolts y through

page_text: the ruff i, to stealy the sideways elasticity of the wheel when the flange of the
wheel is resisting the sideways jerk of a carriage or a truck against the rails of
the railway.
The bolts pass through these ruffs i y, and so unite the axle and the two wheels
in one revolving motion when running on a railway.
In the construction of a wheel for a bicycle the nave or hub f may be of
iron or of other material, fixed on the spindle or shaft which is in the centre
of the wheel, and the hub may have an elastic cushion & round its face edge,
where it presses, at points all round, upon the sides of the long spokes d of this
invention, which cross the sides of the wheel, and carry the hub in the centre of
the wheel.

page_text: 3rd. Fixing the two ends of each spoke in two opposite points in the rim of the
wheel, one end in one point the other end in the other point.
4th. Supporting the nave of the wheel in the centre of the wheel, upon the sides
of the spokes, near the middle of the length of each spoke, where they reach across
the outside of the uave at intervals round the wheel.
5th. Passing the spokes of the railway wheel across the axle, close upon the axle
and near the centre of the wheel.
6th. The beveled projection upon the inner face of the iron rim of the railway
wheel, with the bevelled ends of the spokes resting against it.
Dated this 31st day of March 1896.
WM. CAMPBELL.