AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE MODE OF JOINING EARTHEN PIPES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Cooper, of the Isle of Wight, in the County
of Hampshire, Brick Maker, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE MODE OF JOINING EARTHEN PIPES."
Sealed the 28th November 1854, and dated the 3rd October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Cooper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1854.
I, THOMAS COOPER, of the Isle of Wight, in the County of Hampshire,
Brick Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE MODE OF JOINING EARTHEN PIPES "
to be as follows:-
The improvement in the manufacture of earthen pipes, such for instance as
drain pipes, consists in moulding them in two halves, having alternate pro-
jections and depressions on their edges, which when the two halves are brought
together interlock and unite them, thus forming a complete pipe.
The improvement in the mode of joining earthen pipes consists in forming
short lengths of suitable dimensions in two halves, with alternate projections
and depressions on their edges; two of these pieces being put together around
the ends of two cylindrical pipes, with a suitable cement, firmly joins them
together.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Cooper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd April 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
COOPER, of the Isle of Wight, in the County of Hampshire, Brick Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Cooper, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Cooper,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
Cooper, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
THE MANUFACTURE AND IN THE MODE OF JOINING THE PIPES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Cooper, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Cooper, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof (that is to say) :-
-
The improvement in the manufacture of earthen pipes, such for instance as
drain pipes, consists in moulding them in two halves, having alternate pro-
jections and depressions on their edges, which, when the two halves are brought
together, interlock and unite them, thus forming a complete pipe.
The improvement in the mode of joining earthen pipes consists in forming
short lengths of suitable dimensions in two halves, with alternate projections
and depressions on their edges; two of these pieces being put together around
the ends of two cylindrical pipes, with a suitable cement, firmly joins them
together.

page_text: And in order that this my Invention may be more fully understood, I will
now proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Figure 1 shows a. portion of a completed earthen sewer pipe constructed
agreeably to the first part of my Invention, being composed of a series of upper
and lower halves, formed by moulding in suitable dies. A, A, are the upper,
and B, B, the lower halves, which when laid down are cemented together at
the joinings.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the completed pipe, showing the alternate
projections and depressions on the edges of the upper and lower portions of the
pipe, by means of which the joint is perfectly made. In laying down these
sewer pipes, the upper and lower halves are so arranged lengthwise as to break
joint, as is shewn in the Drawing, Figure 1, half lengths, (one of which is
shewn at 6,) being used for completing the end of the pipe. Junctions, either
tees, crosses or bends, can be moulded in one of the halves, or they may be
inserted in openings provided for that purpose, as at C, which shows an elbow
inserted in an opening left in the upper surface of the pipe A.
The form of pipe shewn at Figures 1 and 2 is well adapted for the purposes
of this Invention, but I do not confine myself thereto, as other forms may
sometimes be preferred, and both the patterns and dimensions may be greatly
varied without prejudice to the character of my Invention.
My improvement in the mode of joining earthen pipes is shewn by Figure 3,
where D, D, are portions of a drain composed of straight cylindrical clay pipes;
E and F are two forms of connecting pieces. Figure 4 is a cross section
through the pipe and joint F; and Figure 5, a cross section through the pipe
and joint E. The joints or connecting pieces are made in two parts, an upper
and a lower, having alternate and corresponding projections and depressions on
their respective edges, so as to interlock tightly with each other. The lower
half of the connecting piece being laid down first, and some cement nicely
bedded, the ends of two pipes are brought together and laid therein; the saddle
or upper half of the connecting piece is then cemented on, and a perfectly flush
joint is produced. The pipes are glazed, but it is preferred that the connecting
pieces E and F should be left unglazed, to enable the cement to take a firmer
hold. A tee junction is shewn at G, and crosses or bends of any required
curvature can readily be introduced whenever they may be required.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself
to the precise details herein described, as many variations may be made
'therefrom without deviating from the principle of my said Invention; but what
I claim is,-

page_text: Firstly, the mode of manufacturing sewer or drain pipes of clay in two
parts, united as herein-before described, and shown at Figures 1 and 2 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, I claim the mode of joining earthen sewer and drain pipes by
means of connecting pieces formed in two parts, as herein-before described and
shown at Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Cooper, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
WN BADDELEY.
THOS COOPER. (L.S.)