CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WINDING, DOUBLING, SPINNING, THROWING, OR TWISTING OF SILK, WOOL, COTTON, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
BADNALL the younger, of Leek, in the County of Stafford, Silk Manufacturer
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Tenth day of February now last past, in the sixth year of His
reign, did for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Badnall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Richard
Badnall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by
himself and themselves, or by his and their deputy or deputies, servants or
agents, or such others as I, the said Richard Badnall, my executors, admi-
nistrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from timo
to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that
part of His Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and also in all His Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WINDING, DOUBLING, SPINNING, THROWING, OR
TWISTING OF SILK, WOOL, COTTON, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Richard

page_text: Baduall, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly
to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be en-
rolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Badnall, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and
the following description thereof (that is to say) :-
In Figures 1 and 2 the hank or skein of silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous
substance is shewn as being stretched on a swift. In Figs. 3 and 4 it is stretched
on rise heads. A is the first mover; B, B, in Figs. 1 and 2, are wheels, to which
the first mover A communicates motion, and to the axis of which any number
of swifts may be connected; C, C, in Figs. 3 and 4, the rise heads, on which
the bank or skein of silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance is stretched
in the manner of an endless band; D is a wheel or axis, on which the bobbin
E is fixed. The wheel D, which is a plain wheel, rests on the periphery of
the wheel A or first moving power, and which in its turn rests upon the
upper rise head C; or if the silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance
be stretched on swifts on the large wheels B, B, which carry them round, the
diameter of the wheel A of the first mover is immaterial, but that of the other
two wheels C and D or B and D must be so proportional to each other that
the bobbins E, E, carried on the spindles of D, D, shall always by their speed
bo capable of drawing off or receiving a greater quantity of silk, wool, cotton,
or any other fibrous substance than either the rise heads or swifts can give off.
If now motion be given to the first mover A, the wheels D and C in Figs. 3
and 4, or D and B in Figs. 1 and 2, will also turn, and whilst the wheel or
riso head C and the wheel B, which is attached to the swifts, cause the silk,
wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substanco to be unwound, the upper wheel
D, D, causes the bobbins E, E, to turn and take it up; but as it has been
remarked, the bobbins E, E, are so constructed as to draw off the material
intended to be wound faster than the rise heads or swifts can deliver it; there-
fore, unless some compensation were made for this, the filament thread of, silk,
wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance would by its increasing tension be
quickly broken. To attain this compensation any arrangement which tends to
put a stop to the motion of the bobbins as soon as the silk, wool, cotton, or

page_text: any other fibrous substance becomes too tight, so as to endanger its breaking,
and again permit it to move the instant that the swifts or rise heads have given
off an additional quantity of silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance,
will be sufficient.
And I hereby claim as my Inventions any of the arrangements herein
described, with all and every imitation thereof. As the peripheries of the
wheels are plain, not toothed, it would be sufficient to cause the thread.coming
from the swifts, rise heads, or reels, to come down from above on to the top of
the bobbins E, E, over a pulley or other such contrivance, at the same time
giving to the axis on which the bobbin is fixed such a play as to allow the
wheel D and bobbin E to be raised off from the moving power A, only that
the weight of the bobbin, silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance
would be too great without some counterbalance for the strength of the fibre
to be wound. To effect this there are various modes, but I shall describe such
only as appear most eligible. The simplest method is the following:-In
Figs. 1 and 2, F, G, is lever, turning on a fulcrum H, and on the short arm
of which lever rests one end of the axis which carries the bobbin E and wheel
D; so that any power applied at the longer arm F of the lever will elevate or
raise the wheel D-from its contact with the wheel A of the first mover. Tho
silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance is therefore carried as it is
unwound from the skein over a wire I, I, running parallel with the bobbin E,
and connected with the longer arm of the lever F, G; consequently when the
silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance so carried over is received too
fast by the bobbin E, and hence is in danger of breaking, its increased tension
will depress the wire I, I, and with it the long arm F of the lever, and thus
elevate, the shorter arm G, on which the bobbin E and wheel D rest. The
bobbin will then cease to turn, but the skein continuing its motion will imme-
diately cause the tension of the thread to decrease, and consequently the
bobbin by it's weight to preponderate a second time, when it will again begin
to turn, until its greater velocity causes it a second time to rise, and so on
continually.
A more convenient arrangement of this compensating lever is shewn in
Figs. 3 and 4. The greater convenience of this arrangement arises from the
power which it possesses of compensating also the encreasing weight of the
bobbin as it becomes loaded with silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous
substance. This arrangement consists of two levers and a moveable weight.
F, G, is a lever similar to the former (shewn in Figs. 1 and 2), and whose
fulcrum is at H. On the longer arm F of this lever is a weight J, moving on
long arin F of the lever F, G, of sufficient power nearly to overbalance the

page_text: any other fibrous substance becomes too tight, so as to endanger its breaking,
and again permit it to move the instant that the swifts or rise heads have given
off an additional quantity of silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance,
will be sufficient.
.'
And I hereby claim as my Inventions any of the arrangements herein
described, with all and every imitation thereof. As the peripheries of the
wheels are plain, not toothed, it would be sufficient to cause the thread.coming
from the swifts, rise heads, or reels, to come down from above on to the top of
the bobbins E, E, over a pulley or other such contrivance, at the same time
giving to the axis on which the bobbin is fixed such a play as to allow the
wheel D and bobbin E to. be raised off from the moving power A, only that
the weight of the bobbin, silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substanco
would be too great without some counterbalance for the strength of the fibre
to be wound. To effect this there are various modes, but I shall describe such
only as. appear most eligible. The simplest method is the following :-In
Figs. 1 and 2, F, G, is lever, turning on a fulcrum H, and on the short 'arm
of which lever rests one end of the axis which carries the bobbin E and wheel
D; so that any power applied at the longer arm F of the lever will elevato or
raise the wheel D-from its contact with the wheel 'A of the first mover. The
silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance is therefore carried as it is
unwound from the skein over a wire I, I, running parallel with the bobbin E,
and connected with the longer arm of the lever F, G; consequently when the
'silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance so carried over is received too
fast by the bobbin E, and hence is in danger of breaking, its increased tension
will depress the wire I, I, and with it the long arm F of the lever, and thus
elevate, the shorter arm G, on which the bobbin E and wheel D rest. Tho
bobbin will then cease to turn, but the skein continuing its motion will imme-
diately cause the tension of the thread to decrease, and consequently tho
bobbin by it's weight to preponderate a second time, when it will again begin
to turn, until its greater velocity causes it a second time to rise, and so on
continually.
A more convenient arrangement of this compensating lever is shewn in
Figs. 3 and 4. The greater convenience of this arrangement arises from the
power which it possesses of compensating also the encreasing weight of the
bobbin 'as it becomes loaded with silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous
substance. This arrangement consists of two levers and a moveable weight.
F, G, is a lever similar to the former (shewn in Figs. 1 and 2), and whose
fulcrum is at H. On the longer arm F of this lever is a weight J, moving on
long arm F of the lever F, G, of sufficient power nearly to overbalance the

page_text: weight of the bobbin when close to the fulcrum. K, L, M, is another lever,
composed of three arms, and whose fulcrum is at N; the longer arm K has a
wire I, I, affixed to it, over which the silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous
substance passes in its passage from the skein or hank to the bobbin E. On the
shorter arm of the lever is a weight M, sufficiently heavy to cause the forked
arm L to return the weight J to its position, whenever any power applied at
K sufficient to displace it has been removed. The action of this arrangement
will be as follows:-The silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance from
the skein is passed over the wire I, I, on its passing to the bobbin E, E.
Whenever the bobbin, from its greater velocity, has drawn the thread tight, it
presses on the wire I, I, and consequently on the long arm K of the composito
lever K, L, M, causing it to be depressed. This depression of the arm K
gives motion to the forked arm L, which carries the weight J, sliding between
the two forks of that arm along the long arm F of the lever F, G. This motion
of the weight J causes the arm F to preponderate, and elevate the bobbin E,
with it's wheel D, as in the former arrangement, and with the same result, when
the continued motion of the skein has given a fresh supply of silk, wool, cotton,
or any other fibrous substance to be wound on the bobbin. It is evident that
the encreased quantity of silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance
acquired by the bobbin will require no greater stress on the thread to elevate
.it, because the action of that thread is only to cause the weight J to pass over
a greater or lesser extent of the arm F of the lever supporting the bobbin.
It is necessary to remark that O, P, in Figs. 1 and 2, is a bar of wood
carrying eyed wires, with a reciprocating motion to guide and distributo the
thread regularly over the bobbin. This notion is the same as usually employed,
and for the same purpose. I have also to add, that the use of employing an
intermediate wheel or moving power A is, that in case the skein should
consist of what is termed "sticky silk," the friction caused by the sticking of
the fibro in the skein in it's passage off to the bobbin will cause the rise
heads or swifts to remain stationary while the moving power A continues to
revolve, the wheels being as aforesaid plain, or without teeth. In other cases,
viz, where the silk or other material is of a free opon nature, toothed wheels
would not be objectionable, providing the depth of the tooth is such as to
admit of the freec action of the lever. Although I have mentioned swifts, yet
I have to observe that the employment of rise heads presents such advantages
as lead me to consider the former of minor though of very considerable
importance, tho silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous substance upon the
rise heads being in its revolution well shaken and loosened, whereas upon
the swift it must necessarily be so stretched as to admit of no such advantago.

page_text: upper
As this new method of winding would be of little avail without a correspondent
improvement in the doubling or gathering of several threads upon one bobbin,
I have contrived the following extension of this compensating principle, and of
which Fig. 5 is a plan, and Fig. 6 an elevation. In these Figures similar
letters of reference indicate similar parts. A, A, are two pulleys or band
wheels connected with any first moving power, over which an endless web or
band B, B, is passed. a, a, a, a, are friction rollers, over which the side
of the band B is passed, to prevent it from swagging; C is the bobbin on
which the threads are to be wound or gathered; D, D, D, D, D, are the
bobbins on which the single threads are previously wound, and from which
they are to be collected on the bobbin C; the bobbin C is fixed on a spindle
or axis carrying two wheels E, E, which are driven by the endless web B, B,
as are also the wheels F, F, F, F, F, carrying the bobbins D, D, D, D, D.
The diameters of these wheels F and E must be such that the latter shall
carry the receiving bobbin C slower than the giving-off bobbins D, D, D, D, D.
It is therefore evident that, motion being given to the endless band B, B,
the bobbins C and D, D, D, D, D, will turn, the former receiving, the latter
giving off, but as the bobbin C receives slower than either of the bobbins
D, D, D, D, D, give off, the thread will in a short time collect in its passage
between them; a compensation is therefore necessary here likewise, and
which is effected as follows: each of the bobbins D, D, D, D, D, are carried
on crooked levers G, H, I (one of which is better shewn in Fig. 7). The
fulcra of these levers are at K, K, K, K, K, in the frame L, L, L; their
longer arms are G, G, G, G, G, on which turn the bobbins D, D, D, D, D; their
shorter arms H, H, H, H, H, carry weights M, M, M, M, M, each sufficiently
heavy to carry up the weight of its opposite bobbin D, when no power is applied
'on the larger arm G of the lever G, H, I. The action of this arrangement is as
follows: From each bobbin D the thread is carried to the receiving bobbin C,
over the wires N, N, N, N, N, connected with the long arms G, G, G, G, G, of
the levers G, H, I. As soon as the bobbin C has wound on a quantity of threads
from the bobbins D, D, D, D, D, sufficient to tighten those threads, their
tension will press on the wires N, N, N, N, N, and depress the levers carrying
the bobbins D, D, D, D, D, which, falling with them, will cause these wheels
F, F, F, F, F, to rest on the endless band B, B. This band will then give
5 motion to the bobbins D, D, D, D, D, causing them to give off a greater portion
of threads than the bobbin C will receive, which, slackening the threads, will
-again cause the wheels F, F, F, F, F, of the bobbins D, D, D, D, D, to rise
from the endless band B, B, and to discontinue their motion, until the

page_text: tightening of the threads a second time shall again bring the bobbin wheel
F, F, F, F, F, into contact with the endless web, and so on continually.
For the greater convenience of arrangement there is a second series of lever
G, H, I, on the opposite side of the frame E, E, E, connected together by the
wires N, N, N, N, N, and between which the bobbins D, D, D, D, D, ar
-supported. Fig. 8 is an application of the foregoing conpensating power, the
spinning, throwing, or twisting of silk, wool, cotton, or any other fibrous sub
stance. F is a bobbin moving loose, but with considerable friction on a spindle
A, to the top of which is attached a flyer B, such as is commonly used in the
spinning of cotton, and such as I described in Figure 6.
In the Specification of a Patent recently taken out by me for certain
improvements in the throwing, twisting, or spinning of sewing silks, organzine
bergam, and such other descriptions of silk as the said improvements may be
applicable to, where the silk was drawn off other bobbins by means of rollers,
and conducted through the flyer B to the bobbin F of Fig. 8, in this
Specification, or to the bobbin y, Fig. 6, of the aforesaid Specification; instead
of that arrangement I now place near to the bobbin F, spindle A, and flyer B
Fig. 8, a bent lever C, D, turning on a fulcrum at E, whose shorter arm D will
.rest on the bobbin F, except when any power is applied to the longer arm C, so
as to elevate D. It has been premised that the boiler F is fixed with such
friction on the spindle A as to be carried round with it, except when a con-
siderable force is applied to stop it; in which case the spindle and flyer will
revolve, whilst the bobbin F remains stationary. It is therefore evident that
-the thread or threads passing from the rollers before named, or conducted by
any other means through the flyer B on to the bobbin F (a motion being
given to the spindle A, will be gathered by the revolution of the flyer B on
the bobbin F, kept stationary by the pressure of the shorter arm D of the lever
C, D, resting on it. But as soon as the thread is drawn up quicker than tho
'rollers give it off, it will be drawn tight, and by its tension will elevate the
lever C, D, and thus permit the bobbin to revolve with the spindle A and flyer
.B, causing the thread simply to twist round its axis, without being gathered
on the bobbin F, until the rollers, having given off a fresh quantity to the
bobbin, shall cause the lever C, D, again to fall, and by stopping the motion of
the bobbin allow the flyer to lay the increase of thread on the bobbin F.
It is right to observe that to permit the bobbin to rise and fall for the distri-
bution of the silk on it, as is usually done, it is requisite that the point on
which the fulcrum of the lever rests should be attached to the plate or bar on
which the bobbin rests, and by which the alternating motion is usually given.

page_text: In the winding and doubling, I claim any method of protecting the thread
or threads from breaking by its or their own action upon the receiving bobbin,
rise head, or swift, or giving-off bobbins, in conjunction with any method
of giving motion to the receiving bobbin, rise head, or swift, or giving-off
bobbins otherwise than by the agency of the thread itself.
For the throwing I simply claim the employment of a lever, whose action
is, by means of the thread, to retard the receiving bobbin, or take it altogether
out of action.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Badnall, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
RICHARD (Ls.) BADNALL, JUN³.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fifth day of March
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Richard Badnall came before
5 our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute in such case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Fifth day of March, in the year above written.