METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING OR IMPROVING LIQUIDS DURING THEIR DISCHARGE FROM CASKS OR BOTTLES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for METHOD AND
APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING OR IMPROVING LIQUIDS DURING THEIR DISCHARGE
FROM CASKS OR BOTTLES, a communication to me from abroad by Prosper Prat,
Physician, of Lanildut, France, to be as follows:-
This invention has for its principal object to prevent the contamination of liquids
with organic germs, while they are drawn from casks or barrels.
For this purpose I cause the air to pass through liquid germicides (such as
tincture of iodine, sulphites, disulphide of carbon, a solution of phenol-thymol, or
salycilic acid) before it enters the cask from which the liquid is drawn.
Or I change the composition of the air so as to retain only the nitrogen, for
instance by allowing phosphorus to burn in the same (while in a closed space) or by
putting nitric acid in contact with certain metals (copper, iron or tin).
Or I substitute for the atmospheric air another gas, for instance sulphurous acid
or carbonic acid, in the former case by throwing sulphur or nitre on incandescent
charcoal, either under a closed globe or bell or in a special apparatus connected with
the bell or globe which supplies the cask with air.
A good method of obtaining carbonic acid consists in introducing under the bell
a suitable substance or mixture such as an alcaline carbonate, tartaric acid, or
bicarbonate of soda, and to pour on the necessary liquids in proportion as the
carbonic acid is required. This latter method thus dispenses entirely with the use
of atmospheric air.
The apparatus to be used when drawing liquor from casks' may be composed as
follows.
A bell shaped receptacle is mounted air tight on a base plate or block through
which passes an upright tube reaching with its lower end down into the cask, and
terminating at the top inside the bell (above the liquid contained in the same).
A second canal or perforation in the base plate serves to connect the interior of
the bell with the atmosphere or with a gas-producing or purifying apparatus.

page_text: Each canal is provided with a valve or cock placed within easy reach of the
operator, so as to open or close the communication with the inside of the bell. The
bell may be provided with a safety valve, a fill-opening for liquid, and a glass
covered opening for inspection, or a liquid gauge.
Several bells may be placed side by side, either to increase the quantity of gas
produced, or to cause the air to traverse several liquids in succession.
In the latter case, and if the apparatus is only to act as an air filter, the bell may
be replaced by a series of flasks or glass globes connected with each other by curved
tubes, the bells, globes or flasks being partly filled with the purifying liquid.
This series of globes communicates at one end with the cask or other receptacle, 1
and at the other end with the air, or a gas producer.
In this apparatus, as in that first described, the air supply pipe terminates at one
end above the level of the liquid in the apparatus and at the other end above the
level of the liquid of the cask or other receptacle.
The air or gas supply pipe for casks may be made of rubber, glass, or of both
combined and may be connected at its free end with a float.

page_text: L CITIVATION,
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67 Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for, METHOD AND
APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING OR IMPROVING LIQUIDS DURING THEIR DISCHARGE
FROM CASKS OR BOTTLES, a communication to me from abroad by Prosper Prat, of
Lanildut, France, Physician, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This apparatus is essentially composed of washing-flasks A and A¹, and gas-
generating vessels B, B¹, B, B1, B. The atmospheric air is freed from all
putrefying substances and organic germs, by passing through appropriate liquids,
(phenic acid, phenic alcohol, phenol, anethol, thymol, salicylic acid, ozoneine,
papaine, aseptol, sulphide of carbon, concentrated solution of chloride of sodium &°)
contained in the washing-vessels.
8
The air enters by the tube T, provided at its lower end with a valve S, and
leaves by the tube t, which has a valve s attached to its upper end, and is connected
above the valve with a tube, made of glass, earthenware, india-rubber or any
suitable material, serving to form a direct communication between the apparatus
and the reservoir, or a collector c made of any suitable material and adapted to
receive several tubes at the same time.
This collector is itself connected to a receiver or receivers by means of other
tubes which enter the receivers at any point, not necessarily the bung-hole.
It is only necessary to prevent any reflux of the liquid into the apparatus, and
this is effected, either by means of valves suitably arranged at either end of the
collecting tube, or by placing this end, or any other part of the tube above the level
of the liquid which has to be treated.
As regards the vessels B, they are really generators of sulphurous or carbonio
acid.
In the first case, I pour through either of the funnels e, bisulphite of sodium, and
hydro-chloric acid, and in the second case, sulphuric acid, having previously placed
some alcali-carbonate in the vessel, or only water to which has been added a mixture
of tartaric acid and bicarbonate of soda.
In the funnels there is a glass rod v, perforated at the upper extremity, and
carrying a disc f at its lower end.
The eye at the upper end serves to receive a spring or an elastic band, fixed to
some point in such a manner that the action of the spring keeps the disc f pressed
close to the lower end of the funnel i, unless the rod v is pressed downwards.
This tube, therefore, serves a double purpose, namely, to prevent, at will, the
liquid contained in the funnel from entering the vessels, and yet to permit the
escape of the gases produced in the vessels.
The escape-tube o is also adapted to the cork which closes the bottle, and it is
connected with the receiver, either directly, or by means of the collector Ơ and
the tube O which is provided with a cork, an elastic ball or a safety valve.
This safety valve can be used in conjunction with the other appliances.

page_text: '
F
If, instead of the vessel B, another B¹ is used, made of glass, earthenware or
porcelain, and heated underneath by means of a lamp, candle or gas-burner, which
can be easily fixed to a stand, made of wood, tinplate &c, supporting the vessels,
oxygen is obtained by charging the latter with chlorate or nitrate of potash, and
sulphurous acid, if this vessel contains sulphur, or coal and sulphuric acid.
In the same manner, vapors of iodine are produced, if, instead of B¹, the vessel Bu
is used, charged with this metal.
Lastly, in order to introduce nitrogen into the reservoir, to which the apparatus
is attached, another vessel B111 can be employed, containing a certain quantity of
water, above which a piece of phosphorus must be suspended by means of a
metallic rod; the phosphorus can be ignited by simply heating the rod on the
outside; through the same cork is passed a metal or porcelain tube p, reaching to
the bottom of the vessel, and serving for the introduction of atmospheric air which
rises through the liquid as it is sucked up by the escape-tube, and then comes in
contact with the phosphorus which burns as long as the suction lasts; by other
rods attached to the cork, are suspended potash pellets to absorb the phosphorous
or phosphoric acids.
To sum up:
Two washing-bottles A, A¹ and one or more vessels for generating gas B, B1, Bll
are placed on a stand of wood, tinplate or any other suitable material, for the
purpose of generating certain gases intended to enter a given receptacle, in pro-
portion to the suction produced by drawing off a portion of the liquid contained in
the receptacle, like the atmospheric air, which the same suction compels to pass
through the liquids contained in the vessela A, A¹.
Instead of depending simply on suction, the introduction of the gas could be
effected under a certain amount of pressure by using vessels of sufficient strength,
for instance, of enamelled cast iron.
It may also be remarked that the materials, forms and dimensions of these vessels
and their accessories will vary according to circumstances.
The superiority of this invention over the most improved bungs seems evident,
since it not only filters the air, but effects the production and introduction of
certain gases into the casks while the latter are being emptied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1st The combination of two washing-bottles with one or more vessels serving to
produce gas for the purpose described.
2. The combination of the gas generator or purifier, with a receptacle, into which
the said gas penetrates, in proportion to the suction produced by drawing off-a
portion of the liquid contained in the receptacle, like the atmospheric air which
the same suction compels to pass through the liquid contained in the washing-
bottles; the object being, not only to filter the air, but also to effect the production,
and introduction into the cask, of certain gases, while the cask is being emptied,
substantially as described.