IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SPINDLES AND VERTICAL OR INCLINED SHAFTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Billington Booth, of Preston, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS
MATERIALS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO SPINDLES
AND VERTICAL OR INCLINED SHAFTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS."-Partly a com-
munication from abroad by George Draper and William F. Draper,
of Hopedale, in the State of Massachusetts, in the United States of
America.
Sealed the 18th July 1871, and dated the 18th March 1871.
5
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th March 1871.
I, JOHN BILLINGTON BOOTH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING
FIBROUS MATERIALS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO

page_text: is partly my own Invention, and has in part been communicated to
me from abroad by George Draper and William F. Draper, of Hopedale,
in the State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America, to be as
follows
The first part of this Invention is applicable to that class of machines
used for spinning, doubling, and winding fibrous materials on which the
bobbin is driven by and at the same speed as the spindle, and it is
particularly adapted to mules using bobbins, ring spinning and ring
twisting machines.
The object of this Invention is first to reduce the power required for
driving the spindles, and secondly, to construct the spindles in such a
manner that they will run with greater steadiness as well as at a higher
speed than those heretofore in use.
In the usual construction of spinning and twisting machines having
the bobbin driven by contact with the spindle, the upper bearing is
placed at the bolster rail so that a considerable part of the spindle
necessarily extends above its upper bearing and is liable to great
vibrations when running. And the lower part of the spindle is usually
(though not invariably) extended considerably below the warve for the
purpose of securing a proper ratio between the length of that part of the
spindle above the upper bearing and that part between the two bearings.
In this Invention the upper bearing is placed at a fixed point on
the spindle and within the bobbin (when the latter is in place on the
spindle). This construction renders it necessary to make the hole in
the lower end of the bobbin of sufficient size to allow it to receive
the bearing within the body thereof and for the purpose of avoiding
friction between the bobbin when revolving and the exterior part of
the tube forming or supporting the bearing, the hole in the bobbin
is made so large as to prevent contact between the two when the
bobbin is in place on the spindle. In consequence of placing the upper
bearing for the spindle within the bobbin it is made possible to dispense
with most of that part of the spindle which usually extends below
the warve, and also to materially reduce the diameter of the spindle
throughout its entire length without injuriously affecting the proportions
of the spindle.

page_text: bolsters of spindles used in preparing, spinning, doubling, and winding
machines, and also to all descriptions of vertical spindles and shafts.
One arrangement consists in a peculiar construction of an oil reservoir
in the upper part of the bearing or bolster whereby the current created
by a rapidly revolving spindle or shaft is made available in drawing
the lubricant to the bearing without the aid of any fibrous absorbent
whatever. The external form of the bearing or bolster is similar to
those in common use, but in the top is formed an annular chamber for
the reception of oil or other liquid lubricant, the surface of the metal
about the bearing being formed, so that if it were extended to meet in
the axis of the spindle above the bearing it would make the figure of a
conc.
When oil or other lubricant is placed in the chamber, and the spindle
or shaft made rapidly to revolve, it will be found that a film of oil
flows up the conical surface to the spindle and bearing without the
employment of any conductor possessing the power of capillary at-
traction. The angle of inclination may be varied according to the speed
of the spindle. Above the oil reservoir is placed a dome-shaped cover
fitted in the inside of the upper part of the step leaving a chamber or
oil space surrounding the cone. This cover has openings near the
bottom communicating with the outer chamber. The outer chamber
is covered by a second cover left loose so that it may be lifted up when
the oil is applied. This system of covers effectually keeps the dirt from
the inner chamber, and leaves the outer one easy to oil or clean, and
these annular chambers and covers, as herein-before described, may be
applied to the ordinary bolsters now in use.
This Invention is also applicable to spindle footsteps as well as
bolsters.
For spindle footsteps I construct at the bottom of and permanently
fixed to the spindle or shaft, in such a manner that it shall revolve with
it, a cap or cover so that it shall cover and enclose the oil chamber and
prevent the entrance of dust, dirt, or fluke, and assist to steady the
snindle

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Billington Booth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th September 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BILLINGTON BOOTH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Billington Booth, Her
special license, that I, the said John Billington Booth, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Billington
Booth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain. and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING,
AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO SPINDLES, AND VERTICAL OR INCLINED SHAFTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS,"
partly my own Invention and in part communicated to me from abroad
by George Draper and William F. Draper, of Hopedale, in the State
of Massachusetts, in the United States of America, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Billington Booth, my exccutors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Billington Booth, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the

page_text: Figures on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of
reference marked thereon (that is to say)
:-
The first part of this Invention is applicable to that class of machines
used for spinning, doubling, and winding fibrous materials on which the
bobbin is driven by and at the same speed as the spindle, and it is
particularly adapted to mules using bobbins, ring spinning and ring
twisting machines.
The object of this part of the Invention is first to reduce the power
required for driving the spindles, and secondly to construct the spindles
in such a manner that they will run with greater steadiness as well
as at a higher speed than those heretofore in usc. .
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, Figure 1 is a front elevation
of the spindle, shewing also a portion of the rails by which it is sup-
ported; Figure 2 a transverse section of the part of the machine to
which the improvements relate, showing the relative position to the
spindle of the drum by which it is driven, and Figure 3 is a vertical
section through the middle of the bearings for the spindle, also shewing
the form of the spindle; and in these Figures and also in those herein-
before described the same letters refer to the same parts.
a represents the spindle; b, the upper bearing of the spindle; c, the
tube carrying the upper bearing; d, the rail to which the tube c is fixed;
c, the warve for driving the spindle; f, the step or lower bearing of the
spindle; , the rail supporting the step; ;, the drum for giving revolving
motion to the spindles and bobbins; and 1, the bobbin on which the yarn
is wound. In the usual construction of spinning and twisting machines
having the bobbin driven by contact with the spindle the upper
bearing is placed at the bolster rail so that a considerable part of
the spindle necessarily extends above its upper bearing and is liable
to great vibrations when running, and the lower part of the spindle
is usually (though not invariably) extended considerably below the
warve for the purpose of securing a proper ratio between the length
of that part of the spindle, above the upper bearing and that part
between the two bearings. In this Invention the upper bearing is
placed as shewn at bat a fixed point on the spindle and within the
bobbin (when the latter is in place on the spindle). This construction
renders it necessary to make the hole in the lower end of the bobbin
of sufficient size to allow it to receive the bearing within the body
thereof, and for the purpose of avoiding friction between the bobbin

page_text: when revolving and the exterior part of the tube forming or sup-
porting the bearing, the hole in the bobbin is made so large as to prevent
contact between the two when the bobbin is in place on the spindle.
The bobbin is held upon and driven by the spindle by its contact
therewith at one or more places within the bobbin and above the upper
bearing of the spindle. In Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, the upper place of
contact is near the upper end of the bobbin and the lower place is rather
more than half the length of the bobbin from its lower end.
It is evident that these proportions may be varied without changing
the principle of the Invention so long as the upper bearing of the
spindle is at a fixed point thereon and within the bobbin, but the before-
mentioned proportions I consider the best. In consequence of placing
the upper bearing for the spindle within the bobbin it is made possible
to dispense with most of that part of the spindle which usually extends
below the warve and also to materially reduce the diameter of the spindle
throughout its entire length without injuriously affecting the proportions
of the spindle.
The advantage of diminution of friction (with the same speed of
rotation and the same strain on the band driving the spindle) which
is derived from placing the warve near the small bearing at the lower
end instead of near the upper and larger one, is made available in this
Invention, together with that derived from placing the upper bearing
of the spindle at a sufficient distance from the lower one to secure a
spindle having a proportion between its parts as herein-before described.
For the purpose of removing the spindle from the frame a hole is made
in the step rail as large as the warve, see Fig. 3, and into this hole the
ring is fitted and held in its place by the set screw %, or by other
convenient means, so that on taking out the ring the spindle can be
drawn downwards through the hole. The step f forming the lower
bearing for the spindle is fastened to the ring g and is removed with it.
The various details of the parts are clearly shown in Figures 1, 2,
and 3, and Figures 4, 5, and 6 show arrangements whereby the lower
bearing of the spindle may be placed above instead of below the warve.
In Figure 4 the spindle is necked down at its lower end, and the warve
is attached to it by means of a screw. In Figure 5 the warve is per-
manently attached to the spindle and the bushing forming the lower
bearing is divided in halves vertically in order that it may be taken
off the spindle when necessary and the bushing is held in its place by

page_text: a screw. In Figure 6 a collar which is attached to the spindle by
means of a screw or by other convenient means may be removed when it
is necessary to remove the spindle from its lower bearings. In Figure 7
the lower bearing for the spindle is below the warve and is supported
by means of a hook, which hook is connected to the bolster or tubular
bearing by a screw, in which case the lower rail as shown in Figures 1
to 3 may be dispensed with. I am aware that spindles have heretofore
been made having their upper bearings within the bobbins, when the
latter were in place on the spindle, but it will be seen by the following
enumerations of their several peculiarities that the essential features
of this Invention which render it applicable to spindles running at
high velocities have not heretofore been applied to spinning machines.
In the Gore spindle the bobbin is dragged by the yarn instead of being
driven by and with the spindle, and it has vertical motion with reference
to the spindle, and its lower end is in contact with the tubular bearing
or with the inverted cup which is attached to the spindle. In the
Higgins and Whitworth spindle the bobbin is driven at a different
speed from the spindle by means of cone pulleys and it has a vertical
motion with reference to the spindle. In the Mason machine the
) tubular bearing and the bobbin both have a vertical motion with
reference to the spindle. In the machine recently built by Thomas
Mayor, of Providence, in the United States of America, the bobbin
has a vertical motion with reference to the upper bearing, and it is
in contact at its lower end with the bolster and is steadied thereby.
5 And in this machine as well as in the Mason machine the bobbin
is driven by means of cone pulleys.
The next part of this Invention relates to the upper bearings or
bolsters of spindles used in preparing spinning, doubling, and winding
machines, and also to all descriptions of vertical spindles and shafts.
One arrangement shewn in the elevation Fig. 8, section Fig. 9, and
plan Fig. 10, consists in a peculiar construction of an oil reservoir in the
upper part of the bearing or bolster, whereby the current created by a
rapidly revolving spindle or shaft is made available in drawing the
lubricant to the bearing without the aid of any fibrous absorbent
5 whatever. The external form of the bearing or bolster is similar to
those in common use, but in the top is formed an annular chamber n,
Figs. 9, 11, and 13, for the reception of oil or other liquid lubricant, the
surface of the metal about the bearing being formed so that if it were
extended to meet in the axis of the spindle above the bearing it would

page_text: make the figure of a cone. When oil or other lubricant is placed in the
chamber, and the spindle or shaft made rapidly to revolve, it will be
found that a film of oil flows up the conical surface to the spindle and
bearing without the employment of any conductor possessing the power
of capillary attraction, and the angle of inclination may be varied
according to the speed of the spindle or shaft. Above the oil reservoir is
placed a dome-shaped cover o, Figs. 11 and 12, fitted in the inside of the
upper part of the bearing or bolster, so as to leave a chamber or oil
space surrounding the cone. This cover has one, two, or more openings P,
Fig. 12, near the bottom communicating with the outer chamber, which
is covered by a second cover 2, Fig. 11, left loose, so that it may be
lifted up when the oil is applied. This system of covers effectually
keeps the dirt from the inner chamber, and leaves the outer one easy
to oil or clean. The annular chambers and covers, as shewn and
described, may be applied to the ordinary bolsters now in use; and in
all cases when desired the interiors of the bolsters or upper bearings may
be spirally grooved, as seen in Fig. 13, and it is also evident that these
improved annular chambers tapering towards the spindles or shafts may
be advantageously applied to the footsteps or lower bearings of the said
spindles or shafts, as shown in Fig. 14, in which n represents the annular
chamber of the lubricant. For the footsteps of spindles or shafts having
oil chambers I fix when desired a cap or cover on the spindle or shaft in
such a manner that it shall revolve with it, and also cover and enclose
the oil chamber, and thereby prevent the entrance of dust, dirt, or fluke,
and also assist to steady the spindle or shaft. This arrangement is shewn
in Fig. 15, in which the lower part of the spindle is marked 7, the
footstep 8, and the cap or cover t.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to
be understood that I claim,-
First. The system of placing the upper bearing of the spindle in the
interior of the bobbin in the machines, using ring carriers or flyers, and
in which the spindles and bobbins have no vertical motion.
Secondly. The combination with the spindle and upper bearing, and
also the combination with the bearing without the spindle of a bobbin in
which the holo in the lower part is of sufficient size to receive the upper
bearing without being in contact with the exterior portion of the bearing
or the tube which carries it.

page_text: Thirdly. The combination with the spindle having its warve nearer
the lower than the upper bearing of the tubular support and bearing,
extending upwards into the lower end of the bobbin.
And, fourthly. The annular conical chambers in bolsters and footsteps
for the reception of oil or other lubricant, the caps and covers in
connection with them, and also the caps or covers for the footsteps of
spindles and shafts as all such improvements are herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
"
In witness whereof, I, the said John Billington Booth, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.