Improvements in Machines and Apparatus for Manufacturing Incandescent Lighting Mantles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 24th Mar., 1900
Improvements in Machines and Apparatus for Manufacturing
Incandescent Lighting Mantles.
We, JAMES HENDERSON ABERCROMBIE, of 97, Heller Parkway, in the City of
Newark, County of Essex, and State of New Jersey, United States of America,
Engineer, and ROBERT BROWN SYMINGTON, of 2, Park Place, in the City of
Newark, aforesaid, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
The object of our invention is to provide a machine in which certain steps in
the operation of manufacturing mantles of the Welsbach type may be succes-
sively performed, and thereby reduce the cost of manufacture by lessening the
labor and handling during and between the several steps.
65
In the usual process the material forming the mantle is knitted into the form
of a continuous tube or hose which is carefully washed and dried, cut into
proper lengths and saturated with the salts in solution, the excess is removed and
the mantle again dried: it is then gathered and sewn at the end to serve as the
top and the incombustible cord inserted to form a suspending loop, or if of the
ring-top" form, the wire or cord is attached, and the mantle mounted on its
support. In the next operation the fabric is ignited and "burned off" leaving
the salts; the mantle is then " shaped" over a properly adjusted Bünsen flame
and afterward "hardened" at the same or a subsequent operation over a similar
flame properly conditioned; then follow the "dipping" and "trimming" steps,
after which the mantle is ready for service or to be carefully packed for future
use.
For the purposes of this description the operations up to the "burning off"
may be as usual by hand or otherwise, while the "burning off," "shaping,"
hardening" and other steps are performed automatically by our machine with
only the hand service required in placing the mantle in position and removing
it when completed.
The invention consists in a series of mantle supporting devices mounted in a
moving carrier, and treating devices in such relation thereto as to act on the
mantles and perform successive steps in the manufacture. Means are provided
for automatically controlling the presentation of the mantles and for condition-
ing the treating devices during the several operations.
Some of the steps require the use of flame and at a later stage the mantles
are treated with inflammable materials. It is highly important that these opera-
tions be performed at safe distances from each other to avoid disaster by fire.
This is attained by employing entirely independent machines for each of the
above classes of treating devices, or by employing a more complete single machine
in which the steps requiring flame are performed in one room and the subse-
quent operations in another room separated from the first by a partition through
which the mantles are conveyed by the moving carrier without rehandling, as
will be described.
The accompanying drawings form a part of this specification and show the
invention as we have carried it out,

page_text: Figure 1 is a vertical section through the burner machine, partly in elevation.
Figure 2 is a plan view partly in horizontal section and having certain por-
tions broken away or omitted to more clearly show the construction.
Figure 3 is a diagram on a smaller scale, showing the circular track governing
the vertical movements of the slides, developed in a plane.
The succeeding four figures are on a larger scale, and show portions detached.
Figure is a plan or top view of the burner and immediately adjacent parts.
Figure 5 is a corresponding elevation.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section through the mantle supporting device, and
Figure 7 is a vertical section taken on the line 7-7 in the preceding figure.
Figure 8 is a horizontal section or plan view of the dipping and trimming
apparatus.
Figure 9 is a vertical section through the machine, on the line 9-9 in
Figure 8, certain portions being shown in elevation.
Figure 10 is an elevation showing a portion detached.
Figure 11 is an elevation showing a circular portion developed in a plane.
Figure 12 is a plan view of a more complete machine showing the partition
wall in horizontal section.
Figure 13 is a corresponding elevation showing the portion on the near side
of the partition, and
Figure 14 is a similar view of the portion on the far side of the partition.
Figure 15 is an elevation on a larger scale, partly in vertical section, showing
the arrangement of the device for burning off.
Figure 16 is a similar view showing the dipping reservoir and the immediately
adjacent parts, and
Figure 17 is a corresponding view of the trimming mechanism.
The remaining figures show another arrangement adapted for more rapid
working.
Figure 18 is a plan view showing this form.
Figure 19 is a corresponding side elevation.
Figure 20 is a vertical section partly in elevation showing a portion of the
mechanism and the arrangement of the burners therein.
Figure 21 is a similar view showing the dipping wheel or carriage.
Figure 22 is a corresponding view of the trimming wheel.
Figure 23 shows a testing carriage or wheel.
Figure 24 shows in plan view a branding wheel, and
Figure 25 is a vertical section of the same on a larger scale.
We will first describe a portion of the apparatus relating more particularly to
those steps involving the use of burner flames, and consisting of a series of
mantle supporting devices mounted in a revolving frame or other carrier, each
adapted to receive and hold a mantle and present it for treatment to a burner
or other active agent. In this part of the apparatus we have shown a spider
frame having a series of radial arms, and mounted on a revolving vertical shaft,
each arm carrying a vertical slide in which the mantle is mounted and which
rests upon a suitably faced fixed track which serves in raising and lowering the
slides at the required points in their travel: a series of automatically controlled
burners are so placed relatively to the slides as to act upon the mantles and
perform the required functions in the several steps.
Referring to Figures 1 to 7 inclusive, in which similar letters of reference
indicate the same parts:-
A is the circular base of the fixed frame work of cast iron, on which are
mounted four equally spaced uprights A', joined by a top plate A2 above to
form a stiff and strong support for the revolving parts within.
A3 is a step
located centrally on the base and bored to receive the vertical shaft B, and sup
porting the latter and its connections by means of a collar B resting on the
upper face and is equipped with an annular trough or channel 6 for the recep-
tion of oil or other lubricant. The shaft passes through and revolves in a boss A*

page_text: in the top plate, and is provided with a worm wheel 133 secured to the sleeve B
of the collar and receiving the required smooth and steady motion from a
worm C on a shaft C driven by a motor, not shown.
1) is a spider frame or carriage consisting of a plate having a central hub. D
by which it is secured to the shaft B and revolves with it: the radial arms D2
terminate each in an upright guide D³ having a cover plate D inclosing a
rectangular slide or bar Farranged to rise and sink freely in, the guide.
There may be as many arms as the capacity of the machine requires or its.
size will allow. We have for convenience, shown twelve, but. there may be a
greater or less number; all, with their connections and adjacent parts are similar
and therefore a detailed description of one will suffice.
Each slide carries a lateral stud F¹ on the projecting lower end, equipped
with a roller 2 resting upon the upper face of a continuous circular track E
and held thereon by gravity while allowing the slide to rise and sink in follow-
ing the elevations and depressions therein; the track lies just within the up-
rights A and is supported by brackets A extending inwardly therefrom.
At the upper end of the slide is pivoted a transverse lever H having a down-
ward extension H provided with a socket H² consisting of a short tube having
a deep notch and cheeks for receiving and holding the wine support M¹ of a
mantle M. One arm H³ of the lever H carries a finger H shaped to lie upon a
long circular track or cam surface T supported like the track E below from the
uprights A, and hold the lever H in the slightly tilted or inclined position
while upon the high portion of the cam against the force of a tensile spring H³,
which returns the lever to the vertical when the low portion of the cam is
reached. He is a set screw by which the uninclined position may be adjusted.
J is one of a series of Bünsen burners arranged to stand vertically between
the arms D, and revolving with the carriage or frame. Each is located near its
slide and in such relation thereto as to act on the suspended mantle as will be
described. The burners may be of any ordinary or approved construction and
each receives its supply of gas and air from a central annular casing I surround-
ing the shaft and bolted to the under face of the spider frame. The supply to
cach individual burner is controlled by valves K', L', in the pipes K and L, the
stems of which are provided with T-heads K, L, adapted to successively strike
a series of pins A, properly placed in the table A, forming part of the fixed
frame, as the spider frame revolves, and thus vary the volume of air and gas as
required in conditioning the flame to the several operations. The annular cas-
ing I is peculiarly constructed. It is divided horizontally into two portions,
held together by suitable bolts and separated by the diaphragm I, each portion
having an annular vertical partition I again dividing the space above and below
the diaphragm and forming with the latter four annular chambers i,, and .
The lower end B of the shaft B is bored axially, and by means of a coupling
joint N receives air under low pressure from a reservoir or blower not shown,
and delivers it through the pipe N to the annular chamber, from which radiate
Gas is conveyed
all the pipes L supplying air to the several burners J.
through a pipe O' and coupling O to the bored upper end B3 of the shaft, from
which it flows to an annular casing R, similar to the casing I below, but with-
out the vertical partitions, the diaphragm R' simply dividing the interior of the
easing into two chambers 1, 2, the lowermost serving for gas which is received
from the bore in the shaft through a lateral pipe (2, branching in each direction
vertically, one branch leading to the chamber, and the other downward to the
gas chamber from which radiates the gas pipes K. P is a heating pipe located
beneath each air pipe L and serving to increase the efficiency of the burner
flame by warming the air flowing thereto. It receives its gas from the cham-
ber, to which it is admitted through apertures,, formed in the upper par-
tition 13, and in the diaphragm between the chambers, as shown. Thus it
will be seen that gas is contained in all the chambers of the casing I excepting
only, which contains air. To supply air to the upper chamber, a pipe S com-

page_text: municating with the bore B at a point above the spider frame leads to the
chamber passing through the lower chamber 3, the junction being sealed
against the escape of gas by the washer S! and nut S.
From the upper casing R radiate air and gas pipes V, W, supplying the several
burners located above the burners J, and controlled by the valves VW,
operated by T-heads V2, W2, and contact pins A8 on the under face of the top
plate A2 in the same manner as those below.
"
The high portion of the cam surface T extends nearly the whole circum-
ference and serves to incline the socket and mantle support sufficiently to bring
the mantle into axial line with the burner J and at the same time to swing the
lower edge or skirt of the mantle clear of the support, to insure against injury
by contact against the latter, particularly during the burning off step, before
the shrinking due to that operation has reduced the dimensions. The angle
should be very slight, to avoid any tendency to a permanent "set" or inclina-
tion of the mantle relatively to the support in the finished article. To further
lessen the liability of contact between the skirt and support, we prefer to make
the latter as shown, with an offset M³ near the lower end as great as may be
without interfering with the burner chimney when the mantle is in use.
construction affords all the room that can be allowed, and serves another important
function in that it offers convenient means for better securing the support later-
ally in the slide against any tendency to turn in the socket H2 and notch h
by its engagement between the cheeks 'h', before described.
This
The fragile character of the mantle after "burning off" requires that all the
movements shall be very steady, a condition attained by the worm gear, and the
transitions from the high to the low portions of the track E and cam surface T
should be carefully inclined and rounded, and determined relatively to the size
of the roller employed and the finger H, to insure against slight shocks and
vibrations.
When the burning off is done from below, using the lower burner J for all
the steps, the operation is as follows: The attendant supplied with mantles, each
on its respective support M', stands at the left of the machine, as
seen in
Figures 1 and 2, at the "donning and doffing" portion of the cycle, and places
one in each socket H², as it is presented, taking care that the offset M2 rests in
the notch and between the cheeks h¹. The slide thus loaded is at this period
in the highest part of its travel, the roller lying upon the part e of the
frack E. It moves forward in that position in the direction indicated by the
arrow, until the roller reaches the incline e¹, where it gradually lowers the
mantle over the burner J, which is at this time supplied with only sufficient gas
to preserve ignition. The lowering continues until the upper part of the burner
reaches the upper interior of the mantle; at this stage the roller lies in the low
portion of the track, and the T-heads of the valves K¹L', are turned by
striking the proper pins to turn on the supply and ignite the upper portion of
the mantle. The valves are then again automatically turned by contact with a
further set of pins to reduce the flame, and the roller reaching the ascent lifts
the mantle somewhat to allow free combustion and lessen the danger of contact,
and produce the proper relative positions of mantle and burner for the succeed-
ing shaping." The "burning off" thus initiated may continue through nearly
three-fifths of the circuit, when the T-heads strike a set of pins to condition
the flame to a degree of intensity required for the momentary "shaping" pro-
cess, which causes the mantle to fill out to the required form, and the roller
immediately thereafter rides over a series of elevations and depressions e* e,
which cause the mantle to rise and sink over the burner to produce an effect
analogous to hand treatment in the "hardening" process, and at the same time
the flame is varied by a set of pins so located as to properly condition the
burner supply for this portion of the treatment which is finished as the roller
reaches the incline e, and the flame is then reduced to the condition of simple
ignition first described; the ascent of the roller raises the mantle clear of the
"

page_text: burner and it is removed with its support, and an un-treated one mounted in the
vacant place. The operation is continuous, cach mantle being preferably treated
successively at all the steps in the cycle.
The upper burners are intended to serve as an alternative device, their
function being to ignite the mantle from above on the exterior instead of from
within, as before described, and are operated by pins A8 in the top plate A³ to
induce the required flame and again reduce it as soon as the mantle is fairly
ignited. When this burner is used the pins on the table A7, governing the
supply to the burners J below, will be so placed that the latter will not be
turned up until the shaping portion of the cycle is reached. The cam T serves
also in this alternative arrangement, being so shaped as to tilt the socket and
swing the mantle clear of its support and adjacent surfaces during the burning
off process. This is accomplished through the finger H riding upon the high
portion of the cam and correspondingly tilting the arm H and socket H²
thereon, holding the latter in the inclined position until the burning off is
accomplished and the finger reaches the low portion of the cam; the mantle
is then directly above the lower burner J and is treated thereby throughout the
remaining steps, as before described.
It will be observed that the hand work of the attendant is reduced to the
simple placing and removal of the supports and their mantles, and besides the
saving in labor and time thus effected, it is believed that greater uniformity in
the appearance and in the structure of the mantle may be attained by the use
of this invention.
Modifications may be made within wide limits without departing from the
principle or sacrificing its advantages. The materials and forms may be varied
indefinitely, and parts may be used without the whole There may be a greater
or less number of the arms 12, and the roller for each slide may be mounted
directly in the lower part of the slide to ride upon a corresponding track. The
arrangement of the burners may be varied, and the socket receiving the support
may be fixed to the slide, dispensing with the lever H; or the cheeks h' may
be omitted from the socket and the support steadied by a pair of jaws near the
top of the lever, adapted to clamp the support firmly at that point.
The over-head burners may be omitted, and it will be understood that the pins
for all the sets of burners may be adjustable in position, and other means for
controlling the burners automatically may be substituted.
A greater or less number of steps in the operation may be performed and the
operation itself may be varied to conform to the methods favored by different
manufacturers or other requirements.
Instead of provisions for tilting the mantle, the lever may be set to hold the
socket at a predetermined inclination throughout the cycle. In such case the lever
should be adjustable so that it may be inclined to suit the requirements of a.
batch or run of mantles of the same style or size, and particularly to accommo-
date the "ring top" form, in which the degree of swing is necessarily less than
in the freer "loop" form.
Other forms of gearing may be substituted for the worm gear shown, or the
shaft may be revolved at the desired slow rate of speed by a belt running on a
pulley or otherwise.
When the top burner is employed for the burning off, the cam T may be
shortened to cover only that portion of the cycle.
Although we have described the mantle as supported on a vertically moving
slide and thus presented to the burner, it will be understood that any arrange-
ment of parts that will produce the required changes in relative position of the
mantle and burner may be substituted.
The following description relates more particularly to the performance of the
further steps in the manufacture, which for safety from accident by fire, are pre-
ferably isolated from the preceding steps requiring the employment of burners,
and we will describe this portion of the machine as adapted to perform the

page_text: ¨ dipping" and "trimming" steps, by which are meant, first, the immersion in
collodion or other bath containing a strengthening material in solution in a
quickly drying solvent, applied to the mantle after the "burning off" and
shaping "have been effected, for the purpose of increasing the body of the deli-
cate structure in order to enable it to withstand the handling to which it is sub-
jected in packing, transportation and final placing in position in the burner;
and second, the trimming or removal of any surplus length so that the finished
mantles will have the desired uniformity, the latter process being performed
after the solvent has evaporated and the mantle strengthened as above.
Referring to Figures 8 to 11 inclusive, similar letters of reference indicate the
same parts in all the figures.
A refers to the fixed framework, consisting of a circular bed plate A¹, up-
rights A and top plates A³, supported thereby and forming an open cage within
which the revolving and other moving parts are mounted.
B is a vertical, centrally located shaft supported in the step A on the bed
plate, and guided in the bearing A³ in the top plate. Motion is received through
a worm C, driven by a motor not shown, and worm wheel B2 fixed to the lower
end of the shaft below the bed plate. The shaft at about the mid-height carries
a series of arms B', joined together by a web or plate to form a spider frame
or carriage, equipped at the extremity of each arm with vertical ways 13%, in
which is mounted a slide 1) held against rotation axially, and provided at the
upper end with a spring clamp D₁, and guiding eye D2, for setting and firmly
grasping a mantle support M, and at the lower end with an arm D³, carrying
a roller D, travelling in a cam groove e in the vertical face of an annular
track E supported on brackets A from the uprights A². The track or groove is
formed with depressions and elevations as will be described, serving to lower and
raise the slide during its circular traverse, and correspondingly lower and lift
the mantle M carried by the support M¹.
F and G are swinging arms extending radially from a hub H loosely mounted
on the shaft B below the spider frame and carrying devices for treating the
mantles. We have shown the arm F as supporting a small vessel or reservoir I'¹
of collodion or other strengthening material in solution, and the arm G as
equipped with mechanism for trimming the skirt of the mantle. The arms F
and G are shown at right angles to each other, and both are for convenience,
joined to the same hub or sleeve H to swing together.
From the lower end of each slide extends a lateral arm or lug D', which when
the mantle is some distance above the vessel 11, will pass clear above a fin or
web F2 on the pedestal 13, but when the slide lowers slightly will engage the fin
and compel the pedestal and vessel to travel with the slide by swinging the arm.
on the shaft B in the direction indicated by the arrow. The engagement takes
place while the skirt of the mantle is still above the vessel, and the axial line of
the latter coincides with that of the former, and the roller 13 has started down
the incline E¹ in the track; a further lowering of the slide dips the mantle into
the solution, the bight or open loop m on the support allowing the complete
submergence when the roller is at the lowest point e. The parts remain in the
same relative positions until the mantle is sufficiently impregnated and the slide
rises by ascending the incline of the track, lifting the mantle from the vessel
and releasing the lug from the fin, thus allowing the arm Fand its connections to
return to its original position through the influence of a spring or weight. We have
shown a stop A projecting from the framework, in which is mounted a small
pulley A8, and against which the wing F extending laterally from the pedestal 13
rests when the arm is not engaged. The parts are held in this position by a
weight F on the end of a cord running over the pulley and secured to the
wing. The weight is preferably received in a trumpet-mouthed cylinder A per-
forming the functions of a dash-pot in softening or cushioning the shock of
impact at the extreme of the return motion and thus lessening the danger of
spilling the contents of the vessel. It will be understood that any preferred

page_text: form of governor may be employed with or substituted for the cushioning device
just described. It is important that the return movement be made with but
little loss of time, and also that the collodion be not wasted by the overflow
caused by its sudden arrest.
The dipped mantle continues its travel idly until sufficient time has elapsed to
insure sufficient evaporation of the solvent, leaving the gum or other strengthen-
ing material, and it is then ready for the trimming operation.
To hasten the evaporation we provide means for bathing the mantle during
the drying period in currents of air, preferably warmed, received through a
pipe R from a blower or other source, and escaping below the mantle through
the open slot r in the curved pipe or segmental nozzle R¹.
The mechanism for trimming off the skirt of the mantle to the required
length is carried on the standard G¹ on the arm G. It consists of a short tube
or ring G2, having a flaring mouth and plane lower face, and a revolving cutter
wheel G placed in such relation to the plane face as to shear off the lower
margin of the skirt when the mantle is lowered within the ring. The cutter
wheel is carried on the long arm of a lever I, mounted on the flange I¹ of a
sleeve I revolved by a belt J running on a pulley I from a larger pulley J2 on
a vertical counter shaft J driven by a small pulley J at the lower end receiving
a belt K from a large pulley B on the shaft B; the shaft J and sleeve 12 are
supported vertically in bearings in the standard and the lever I is so propor-
tioned as to bring the cutting edge of the wheel into shearing contact with the
lower edge of the ring when the lever is tilted by raising the short arm. This
is effected by the movement of a vertical rod L extending axially through the
sleeve its pointed upper end is received in a conical recess on the under face
of the short arm and its lower end provided with a roller L' resting upon a short
segmental section of track N, supported by brackets reaching inward from the
fixed work, and having a short slightly raised portion » at about its mid-length:
The cutter is held normally out of contact with the ring by the contractile
spring extending between the flange I and an arm on the lever as shown,
and the cutter stands just below the ring and concentric thereto, leaving an
annular space in which the skirt of the mantle may lower. The arms F and G
are so set relatively to each other and to the position of the slides D that at the
time the lug 4 strikes the fin and moves the arm as described, a mantle which
has been dipped and dried hangs vertically above the ring G2 and in axial line
therewith, and by reason of the downward incline E in the groove or track E,
its slide sinks and lowers the skirt within the ring to a distance determined by
the difference in the level of this portion of the track. While thus inclosed the
roller I reaches the elevation » on the track N, forcing the rod L upward and
throwing the revolving cutter G³ outward and thus shearing off that portion of
the mantle below the ring. As soon as the elevation has been passed, the
cutter returns to its central position and the mantle is lifted clear of the ring
by the upward incline E in time to allow the arm G to swing idly back to its
first position when the arm F is released.
The finished mantles with their supports M₁ are removed, and un-treated ones
substituted at the "donning and doffing" station E³ between the limit of for-
ward motion reached by the arm G, and the backward movement of the arm F.
The parts should be so proportioned and the speed so regulated as to allow
sufficient time for the change. We have for the purposes of illustration, shown
only four slides D, but it will be understood that there may be as many more as
the size of the spider frame will accommodate while allowing sufficient space
between for the proper performance of the treatment at each step.
Other means than the belts and pulleys shown for driving the cutter may be
employed.
The dash-pot A may be dispensed with, or other restraining means substituted.
The angle at which the arms Faud G are placed relatively to each other, may
be varied, and each aṛm may be mounted upon the central shaft independently

page_text: of the other; in such case both will be provided with fins F adapted to be
struck by the lugs D, and with means for returning each to its place, as will be
understood.
A more complete machine adapted for continuous working consists of an end-
less carrier or belt running on suitable pulleys, equipped with a series of holders
similar to those described, each adapted to support a mantle in position for
treatment, and a series of treating devices located in the path of the mantles in
such relation thereto as to be properly presented to each, and so mounted as to
accompany each mantle through a portion of its travel, performing its part in
the treatment and then returning to repeat the action with a succeeding mantle.
A portion of the treatment, as the burning-off, shaping, and hardening, as before
stated, requires the agency of a heating flame, while at a later stage the mantle
is dipped in a bath of collodion or analogous inflammable solution. It is obvious
that to avert danger of accidental fire, great care should be taken to effectually
separate those portions of the treatment. This is accomplished by traversing
the belt through small openings in a partition on one side of which the steps
requiring the presence of flames are performed and on the other side of the par-
tition, completely isolated from the flame, are the dipping tank and other devices
for acting upon the mantle after it has received its inflammable coating.
The endless belt serves practically the same functions as the circular frame or
carriage previously described, but is preferable for the reason among others, that
its path may be in right lines and thus better conform to the shape of the build-
ing in which the machine is installed, instead of requiring the considerable open
area necessary to accommodate a large revolving frame of the same capacity.
Referring to Figures 12 to 17 inclusive, A1, A2, A and A' are flanged pulleys
fixed on the vertical shafts a¹, a², a³ and at, and revolving therewith in suitable
bearings, not shown, one pair on each side of a partition wall S, having open-
ings through which passes an endless belt B running on all four pulleys and
thus forming an approximate rectangle divided lengthwise by the wall S. The
belt is driven in the direction indicated by the arrows, by a belt running on
the pulley A on. the shaft a², driven at the desired moderate speed from any
suitable motor, not shown.
The belt B carries a series of holders C at equally spaced intervals each con-
taining a vertical bar or slide D similar to that before described, free to rise
and sink therein and equipped at the lower end with a roller D¹ in contact with
the upper face of a track E below the belt and parallel therewith, and at the
upper end of each slide is a socket D2 receiving and holding the wire support M
of a mantle M attached thereto as usual, and hanging suspended in a line out-
side the belt. The several holders C with their slides travel with the belt in
the direction indicated by the arrows as will be understood, the vertical position
of the mantle relatively to the belt being determined by the elevations and
depressions in the track E.
F is a Bünsen burner, located at A7 near the shaft a¹, receiving gas and air
through flexible tubes F¹ and mounted on a carriage F2, free to travel a short
distance and return on the fixed guide bars F³ parallel with the path of the
mantles and presenting the burner tube directly below them. A trip lever F+
is mounted in the carriage and arranged to be struck by an arm C on each of
the holders C and thus force the carriage to partake of the motion of the belt
with its burner immediately below the mantle and accompany the latter until
the trip lever strikes the beveled face of the stop F and is tilted to release its
hold on the arm (", when the carriage with its connections is returned to its
original position by the action of the weight 1 attached to the carriage by a
cord F running over the pulleys F. F9 and Fo are bars attached to the fixed
framework, and serve by acting upon the arms F" and F¹ of the air and gas
cocks, to condition the flame as required.
There are three of these burners and carriages each similar to the others,
differing only in the length of travel and the adjustment of the frame; the

page_text: 65
above description will suffice for all. The one described is located
at the "burning-off" station at A7; another having a shorter travel
is located at a considerable distance from the first and performs the
shaping" step at As; the third, at A, has a considerably longer travel and
performs the "hardening" process. It will be observed that all of the above
steps requiring the use of a flame are performed on the near side of the parti-
tion wall S; on the other side the first step, at A10, is the "dipping" in which a
carriage G, similar to the carriage F2 described, carries a vertical cylindrical
reservoir G, containing collodion, located directly beneath the mantle, and having
a trip lever G engaged by the arm C³, as before, until released by the stop G³
and returned by the cord G7.
A long interval to allow the ether or other solvent to evaporate, is provided
for before the "trimming" operation at A" is reached; at this point a pair of
guide bars H³ support a carriage H2 having an inwardly projecting arm H¹ sup-
porting a guide ring H having a flaring upper mouth presented in line with,
and a little below the mantle M. The internal diameter of this ring is a little
larger than the external diameter of the mantle, so that the latter may be
received therein as will be described. The carriage H2 is equipped with a trip
lever H operated by contact with a stop H5 and returned by a weight Ho,
cord H and pulley H. On the inner face of the carriage below the guide ring
is a bracket H having a tubular bearing H, enclosing a sleeve H", flanged at
the upper end at H and provided with a grooved pulley H13 below the bearing.
The flange supports a vertical bell-crank lever I pivoted at i, and carrying at its
upper end a cutter wheel I arranged to lie normally in the center of the ring
and adapted to co-act with the properly shaped lower face of the ring in shear-
ing off the skirt of a mantle suspended therein. The cutter is rapidly rotated
by a belt H, running on the grooved pulley H13 from a pulley not shown,
located at a sufficient distance to allow the carriage to make the desired travel
without greatly varying the tension on the belt; the bell-crank lever is thrown
to bring the cutter wheel into action by the rod L mounted axially in the sleeve
and having a conical upper end engaged in a correspondingly shaped cavity in
the short arm of the lever, and its lower end equipped with a flanged roller I³
resting on a track N in which is a slight elevation n serving when reached in
the travel to elevate the rod L and thus tilt the lever I against the force of the
retractile spring I attached at one end to the lever at the point and at the
other to a stud H15 on the flange H12.
The operation is as follows:-Mantles are supplied at the "donning" sta-
tion A6, each slide on its passage receiving one supported on its wire ¹ and
properly positioned in the socket D2. The track E is sufficiently elevated at this
point e to hold the slide at a height to allow easy service. The mantle travels
around the pulley A¹ and into the long forward portion of its journey and as it
reaches A its arm ( engages the trip lever F4, at the time the mantle hangs
directly above the burner F, and moves the carriage F forward upon the guide
bars 1, against the force exerted by the weight 1. As the roller D¹ descends
the incline e of the track the mantle is correspondingly lowered, enclosing
the upper portion of the burner and as soon as the forward movement has pro-
gressed sufficiently to bring the arms F1, F2, into contact with the bars F
and 0, air and gas are admitted in proper quantities to condition the flame,
which was previously only sufficient to maintain ignition, to fully ignite the
mantle on the interior near the top, then the roller begins to ascend the incline e,
to free the mantle from the burner and the trip lever F strikes the stop F³ and
releases the carriage, which immediately returns to act on the next succeeding
mantle. The ignited mantle now traverses a long stretch during which it burns
off leaving only the delicate salts and then reaches the station A8, where it is
acted upon momentarily by a burner similar to that at A', but conditioned to
shape the mantle into the desired symmetrical form, the track E having at this
point the inclines e³, e, serving to bring the mantle into the required relation to

page_text: the burner for this process. The next step or hardening operation consists of
raising and lowering the mantle over a suitably conditioned flame and is accom-
plished by the undulations e, the burner in this step accompanies the mantle
through a longer travel than in any of the preceding.
The mantle next turns the pulley A2 and passes through an openings in the
partition S and then around the pulley A3, and enters the return portion of its
travel on the opposite side of the partition. It arrives thoroughly cooled at the
dipping station A10 where its arm C¹ engages the trip lever G on the carriage G
and moves the latter with it while the roller D descends the deep incline e, and
submerges the mantle in the solution contained in the reservoir G, holding it
beneath the surface until all parts are fully wetted and then again rises on the
incline e to free the mantle and allow the carriage G2 to return. The car-
riage G2 and its guide bars G³ may be so arranged as to follow the mantle a short
distance after the latter has been lifted so as to catch any drip therefrom in the
reservoir, as will be understood.
Another long period ensues in which the ether or other solvent evaporates and
the mantle approaches the trimming station at A" in the dried condition. At this
point the mantle is allowed to descend within the ring H moving with the mantle
as before described, to the desired distance governed by the incline es, and when
fully lowered the cam or elevation n on the track N raises the rod L and swings
the cutter I inclosed in the skirt of the mantle, into shearing relation with the
lower face of the ring and trims off any surplus length of skirt, returning again
to the central position before the roller D₁ reaches the incline e and lifts the
mantle clear of the ring and releases the carriage H2. The mantle is then
removed at the doffing station A and the holder with its empty socket passes
through the partition to receive an un-treated mantle and carry it through the
cycle.
In the foregoing description the output of the machine is limited to that of
the hardening station at A, and as the burner during that operation has to
accompany each mantle a considerable distance before it can return for the next,
it is obvious that the holders must be correspondingly widely spaced. To pro-
vide for faster working, or to allow the mantles to. succeed each other more
quickly, the preferred form of machine shown in Figures 18 to 25 inclusive is
employed.
In this form the belt B and holders C thereon are in all respects the same as
those just described, excepting the omission of the arms (", but instead of single
treating devices operating on each successive mantle we mount a number of each
class of treating devices in suitable revolving carriages or wheels and present a
mantle to each, the wheel revolving always in the same direction so that the
mantles may follow each other at short intervals limited only by the space neces-
sarily cccupied by the holder and the treating device. The wheels are preferably
provided with notches in the periphery matching to the holders C, thus insuring
the correct placing of each mantle relatively to its adjacent treating device.
Beginning at the "donning" station, the holders on issuing from the opening
in the partition S are filled with mantles as before, and the belt passes around
the idler pulley 01, corresponding to the idler A' in the earlier figures, to the
wheel or circular carriage P having the equally spaced peripheral notches p, in
which are received the holders C correspondingly spaced on the belt. The wheel
is equipped with a series of burners R¹ one for each notch, so disposed as to
stand immediately below the mantle suspended from the adjacent holder when
the latter has adjusted itself to the notch. The wheel is revolved by the belt B
so that its motion is uniform therewith, and the mantle maintains its relation
laterally with the burner so long as the burner is fully engaged.
The slides rest upon the track E¹ as before, and it follows the belt at the
proper distance therefrom through its whole course; the depressions and eleva-
tions serving as first described to lower and raise the mantles at the desired

page_text: times and to the required extents as will be understood without detailed
description.
A chambered casting P1 attached to the under face of the wheel receives gas
and air through the axial openings plp in the shaft and communicate from the
chambers through the pipes R2 with the burner, the flame is controlled and con-
ditioned to the work to be performed by the cocks R³ and R4, opened, closed and
regulated by the travel of the arms R5 and R over the upper surface of the cir-
cular tracks R7 and R8, having elevations and depressions, not shown, properly
located to partially turn the cocks and thus govern the admission of gas and air
to the burner. The arms R5 and R may be held in contact with their tracks
by gravity or by a spring or additional weight, as will be understood.
29
"
The first wheel or carriage of the series is at the " burning off" station
where the mantle is ignited. A considerable space in which the burning is
completed is provided between this wheel and the " shaping" wheel Q, where
the operation is performed by similar burners, but is almost momentary, and
the mantle is then carried by a belt around an idler 02 to the "hardening
wheel T also equipped with burners operated as before, but conditioned to per-
form this step. This wheel is preferably larger in diameter than the preceding,
and the idlers 0203 are so placed as to cause the belt to follow nearly the entire
circumference so as to provide the required long period for this portion of the
process. The belt then passes the idler 04 corresponding to A2 in the earlier
figures, and thence through the opening s in the partition to the treating devices
on the opposite side where the mantles arrive sufficiently cooled to insure against
accident, and after turning the idler 05 make a partial circuit of the "dipping"
wheel U, carrying a number of small tanks supplied with the usual inflam-
mable coating solution in which by a suitable depression in the track the mantles
are immersed and again raised and passing the idler 0° traverse a long straight
stretch consuming a period of sufficient length to insure the required evapora-
tion of the solvent. The belt then turns the idler 07 and presents the mantles
to the "trimming" wheel V where the lower edge or skirt of each is cut to
uniform length by the cutter wheels V₁ and ring V2 mounted on the wheel and
operated from the central stud by a suitable gearing, the general construction
and operation corresponding very closely to that shown in Figure 17. The belt
then passes the idler 08 and reaches the "testing" station, consisting of a wheel
or carriage W in all respects similar to the "dipping" wheel but having a series
of posts W each carrying a sizing cone W2 instead of a tank. Each cone is
smoothly finished and is of a diameter to match the interior of a perfect mantle
when the latter is lowered upon it. If the mantle is of standard size, it will
admit the cone, but if too small it will be fractured and subsequently thrown
aside. The rings V2 on the trimming wheel V may be relied upon to break any
of the mantles that are over size, and both serve to destroy any that are suffi-
ciently misshapen to warrant rejection.
The belt then passes another idler 09 to the "doffing" station, where the holders
are emptied, and the perfect mantles carefully laid aside for packing.
The idlers are as shown preferably flanged to aid in holding the belt against
sagging between the carriages and may be supplemented by other supporting
rollers or grooved guides, if found necessary or desirable.
Figures 24 and 25 show a step not embodied in the general plan view, Figure 18,
but which may be performed before the burning off. In this operation the
"branding" or printing of a name or trade-mark upon the mantle is accom-
plished. A wheel or carriage X adapted to serve with the belt B and holders C
thereon is provided with a number of cones X' of a size to be easily received
within the mantles and a corresponding number of levers ✗³ each cauying a
block X3 on which are the letters or characters to be printed. Each lever is
pivoted at X and plays in a radial slot x, its motions being produced by a
track Y against which a roller X on the short arm X of the lever travels and
is held in contact therewith by the force of a spring X'.

page_text: Z is an inking pad mounted on the curved spring arm fixed in a standard Z²
and arranged in the path of the blocks X. The latter travel through the main
portion of the circuit in a path within the line of the inking pad and mantles,
but on arriving at the pad are successively forced outward by a suitable inward
swell on the track Y, as will be understood, and come in contact momentarily
with the pad and are inked, and upon arriving at that portion of the circuit
where the mantles travel with the carriage, are again forced outward and imprint
the device or characters on the outer surface of the mantle while the latter
encloses its cone X and is supported thereby. The block then falls back toward
the center and the mantle is lifted clear of the cone in the manner previously
described in other steps, and travels to the burning off carriage and other por-
tions of the treatment as before.
Instead of the belt B described, an endless sprocket chain running on a suit-
able sprocket wheel may be employed.
Some of the reciprocating devices first described may be used with one or
more of the wheel devices. As before stated, the hardening operation requires
the longest treatment, and it is apparent that a machine constructed to use the
sliding carriage for all operations excepting the hardening will serve successfully
with a suitable hardening wheel.
Blocks similar in form to the holders may be secured to the belt to match to
the notches in the revolving carriages or other means of engagement may be
substituted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is;-
1. In a machine for treating mantles, means for supporting the mantle in
position for treatment, a burner for the mantle, means for bringing such mantle
into relation with the burner, and means for varying the flame of such burner
in various steps in the treatment of the mantle, all combined substantially as
herein specified.
2. In a machine for treating mantles, means for supporting the mantle, a
burner, means for automatically bringing the mantle into relation with the
burner, and means for varying the flame of the burner at different steps in the
treatment of the mantle, all combined substantially as herein specified.
3. In a machine for treating mantles, means for supporting the mantle, a
burner, means for bringing the mantle into relation with the burner, and means
for automatically varying the flame of the burner at various steps in the treat-
ment of the mantle, all combined substantially as herein specified.
4. In a machine for treating mantles, means for supporting the mantle, a
burner, means for automatically bringing the mantle into relation with the
burner, and means for automatically varying the flame of the burner at various
steps in the treatment of the mantle, all combined substantially as herein
specified.
5. In a machine for treating mantles, a mantle-carrying device mounted in
a moving frame or carrier, a burner adapted to act on said mantle, means for
bringing said device and burner into operative relation to each other, and means
for controlling said burner by the movement of said frame, all combined and
arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
6. In a machine for treating mantles, a series of slides mounted in a moving
frame or carrier with liberty to rise and sink therein, means for raising and
lowering said slides, a series of burners each located near a slide and beneath
the mantle carried thereon and adapted to act on said mantle, and means for
automatically controlling the flame of said burners, all combined and arranged
to serve substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.
7. In a machine for treating mantles, a revolving frame or carrier, a series

page_text: of slides mounted therein with liberty to rise and sink, the roller carried by
each, a track upon which said rollers travel having elevations and depressions
for raising and lowering said slides, a socket on each of the latter adapted to
receive and hold a support carrying a mantle and a series of burners carried in
said frame and adapted to treat said mantles in successive steps in the manu-
facture, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
8. In a machine for treating mantles, a revolving frame, a series of vertically
moving slides carried therein, a roller carried by each, a track upon which said
rollers travel having elevations and depressions for raising and lowering said
slides, a socket on each of said slides adapted to receive and hold a support
carrying a mantle, a series of burners carried in said frame each located near
one of said slides, air and gas pipes and their controlling valves supplying air
and gas to said burners, and pins mounted in the fixed framework in such rela-
tion to said valves as to be struck thereby and thus automatically regulate the
supply of air and gas as required, all combined substantially as herein specified.
9. A revolving frame or carrier, a series of vertically moving slides carried
therein, a roller on each, a track upon which said rollers travel having eleva-
tions and depressions for raising and lowering said slides, a socket on each of
the latter adapted to receive and hold a mantle carrying support, a series of
burners J located below said mantles, a series of burners located above said
mantles, air pipes L and V and gas pipes K and W, controlling valves L', V,
and K, W, and pins A and A8, set in the fixed framework for varying the posi-
tions of said valves and thereby regulate the supply of air and gas as required,
all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
10. The shaft 13 hollowed at the ends B and 135, a series of burners J and
their air and gas supply pipes L and K, a series of burners and their air and
gas supply pipes and W. both series carried by said shaft, the casing I having
the diaphragm I' and partitions I, the casing R having the diaphragm R', and
the pipes №2, S and 02, leading from said hollow ends to said casings, all com-
bined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
11. The shaft B hollowed at the ends B4 B, a series of burners J and their air
and gas supply pipes L, K, carried by said shaft, the casing I and diaphragm I¹
therein, and the pipes N2, (2, leading from said hollowed ends to said casing,
all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
12. The slide F and socket H2 carried thereon having the notch h and cheeks h¹,
in combination with a mantle support M¹ having the offset M2 adapted to be
received and held in said socket, a substantially as herein specified.
13. The slide F and tilting lever H carried thereon the socket H2 on said
lever adapted to receive and hold a mantle support, and a finger H* on said lever
adapted to serve in tilting said lever relatively to said slide, all combined sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein specified.
14. In a machine for treating mantles, the frame 1), the vertically moving
slides mounted therein, a track E upon which said slides are supported, a
shaft B carrying said frame, a lever H mounted on said slide and carrying a
socket adapted to receive and hold a mantle carrying support, a finger H on
said lever and a cam T adapted to act on said finger and thereby tilt said lever
relatively to said slide, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as
herein specified.
15. In a machine for treating mantles, a revolving frame, a series of slides
carried therein, a track supporting said slides, a tilting lever on each of the
latter adapted to support a mantle, a finger on said lever, a cam acting on said
fingers, and a series of burners carried in said frame and automatically controlled
by its movements, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein
specified.
16. In a machine for treating mantles, means for supporting the latter and
carrying them forward in succession, in combination with means adapted to

page_text: accompany each of said mantles through a portion of its travel and perform a
step in the manufacture, all substantially as herein specified.
17. In a machine for treating mantles, means for supporting the latter and
carrying them forward in succession, a device adapted to accompany each of said
mantles through a portion of its travel and act upon said mantle to perform a
step in the manufacture, and to return to act similarly with a succeeding mantle.
and means for varying the relative positions between said mantle and acting
device, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
18. In a machine for treating mantles, a series of mantle carrying slides
mounted in a moving frame or carrier with liberty to rise and sink therein, and
means for raising and lowering said slides, in combination with means adapted
to accompany each of said slides through a portion of its travel and perform a
step in the manufacture of its mantle and to automatically return to act similarly
with a succeeding slide and mantle, all substantially as herein specified.
19. In a machine for treating mantles, a series of mantle carrying slides
mounted in a moving frame or carrier with liberty to rise and sink therein, and
means for raising and lowering said slides, in combination with a liquid reser-
voir engaged by one of said slides and moved forward through a portion of the
travel of the latter, and means for returning said reservoir when released to be
again moved forward by the engagement of a succeeding slide, all substantially
as herein specified.
20. In a machine for treating mantles, a series of mantle carrying slides
mounted in a moving frame or carrier with liberty to rise and sink therein, and
means for raising and lowering the slides, in combination with means for trim-
ming the skirt of a mantle carried on one of said slides, engaged by the latter
and moved through a portion of its travel, and means for returning the trimming
mechanism when released to again move forward with and act upon a succeeding
mantle, all substantially as herein specified.
21. A series of mantle carrying slides mounted in a revolving frame or carrier
with liberty to rise and sink therein, means for raising and lowering said slides,
connected arms on the same axis as one of said slides and moved through a por-
tion of the revolution, in combination with means carried by said arms for
simultaneously and automatically performing steps in the manufacture of the
mantles carried on said slides and means for returning said arms when released
to again move forward with and act upon succeeding mantles, all substantially
as herein specified.
22. The frame or carrier D¹ and means for revolving it, a series of slides D
mounted therein and traveling in a track E having depressions and elevations
for lowering and raising said slides, and means on the latter for supporting a
series of mantles, in combination with a swinging arm F carrying a liquid reser-
voir F, and having a fin F2 thereon, a lug D4 on each of said slides adapted to
engage and release said fin, means for returning said arm when released. and a
stop adapted to limit the return movement, all substantially as herein specified.
23. The frame or carrier D¹ and means for revolving it, a series of slides D
mounted therein and traveling in a track E having depressions and elevations
for lowering and raising said slides, means on the latter for supporting a series
of mantles, in combination with a hub H and its arm F carrying a liquid reser-
voir and having the fin F thereon, a lug D4 on each slide adapted to engage and
release said fin, means for returning said arm when released, and an arm G fixed
to said hub and moving with said arm F, carrving a trimming mechanism
arranged to act simultaneously with said reservoir in treating two mantles in
the dipping and the trimming steps, all substantially as herein specified.
24. The swinging arm G. the ring G2 supported thereon and adapted to receive
the skirt of a mantle, the sleeve 12 located below said ring and in line therewith,
and means for rotating said sleeve, the lever I mounted on said sleeve and carry-
ing the cutter wheel G³, the rod L arranged axially within said sleeve, and
means for moving said rod and thereby tilting said lever to produce a shearing

page_text: cut by the action of said cutter wheel with said ring, and remove that portion
of said skirt below said ring, all combined and arranged to serve with a mantle
carrying device, substantially as herein specified.
25. The revolving frame or carrier B, and central shaft B upon which it is
carried, the slides I mounted in said frame and each adapted to support a
mantle in position for treatment, the track E, e, supporting said slides and
having depressions and elevations whereby said slides are lowered and raised as
required during their traverse, the swinging arm G, the ring G2 supported
thereon and adapted to receive successively the skirts of the mantles carried by
said slides, the sleeve 12 located below said ring and in line therewith, the lever I
mounted on said sleeve and carrying the cutter wheel G³, the rod L arranged
axially within said sleeve, the track N in the path of said rod adapted to raise
and lower the latter and thereby tilt said lever to produce a shearing contact
between said wheel and ring, the pulley I on said sleeve, the counter shaft J
carried by said swinging arm and having the pulleys JJ2, the pulley B* on
said central shaft, and the belts J and running on the several pulleys and
adapted to transmit motion to said sleeve and its connections from said central
shaft, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
26. The frame or carrier B and means for revolving it, a series of slides D)
mounted therein with liberty to rise and sink therein and traveling in a track E
having depressions and elevations for lowering and raising said slides, and
means on the latter for supporting a series of mantles, in combination with a
swinging arm F carrying a liquid reservoir F", and having a fin F2 and wing F
thereon, a lug on each of said slides adapted to engage and release said fin,
means for returning said arm when released, a stop arranged in the path of said
wing and serving with the latter to limit the return movement, and means as
the pipe R and nozzle R¹ for applying a current for drying said mantles, all
substantially as herein specified.
27. In a machine for treating mantles, an endless belt or carrier, a series of
mantle holders mounted thereon, each adapted to support a mantle in position
for treatment, in combination with a series of treating devices each adapted to
perform a step in the manufacture and arranged to accompany a mantle through
a portion of its travel and to return automatically to act on a succeeding mantle,
all substantially as herein specified.
28. In a machine for treating mantles, an endless belt or carrier, a series of
mantle holders mounted thereon, each adapted to support a mantle in position
for treatment, in combination with a treating device adapted to accompany
each mantle through a portion of its travel and perform a step in the manufac-
ture, and to return automatically to act on a succeeding mantle, all substantially
as herein specified.
29. In a machine for treating mantles, an endless belt or carrier, a series of
mantle holders mounted thereon, each adapted to support a mantle in position
for treatment, a partition through which said belt passes, and treating devices
separated by said partition, each adapted to perform a step in the manufacture
of the mantle, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein
specified.
30. In a machine for treating mantles, an endless belt or carrier, a series of
mantle holders mounted thereon, each adapted to support a mantle in position
for treatment, a partition through which said belt passes, a burner adapted to
perform a step in the manufacture and located on one side of said partition,
and a dipping reservoir located on the opposite side adapted to perform a suc-
ceeding step, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
31. In a machine for treating mantles, an endless belt or carrier, a series of
mantle holders mounted thereon each adapted to support a mantle in position
for treatment, a partition through which said belt passes, a burner adapted to
perform a step in the manufacture and located on one side of said partition,

page_text: a dipping reservoir located on the opposite side adapted to perform a succeeding
step, and means for varying the vertical position of each mantle relatively to
said burner and reservoir, all combined and arranged to serve substantially as
herein specified.
32. The belt and pulleys on which it runs, a series of mantle carrying slides
mounted on said belt each adapted to support a mantle in position for treatment,
a track for raising and lowering said slides, a carriage mounted in the path of
said mantles and carrying a device for performing a step in the treatment, and
means for engaging said slide and carriage so that the latter shall accompany
the mantle through a portion of its travel, and means for automatically return-
ing said carriage so that it may act with a succeeding mantle, all substantially
as herein specified.
33. An endless belt or carrier, a series of mantle carrying slides mounted
thereon, each adapted for raising and lowering said slides, in combination
with a partition through which said belt passes, a series of burners on one side
of said partition adapted to automatically perform each a step in the manufac-
ture of a mantle, and a dipping reservoir or tank and trimming mechanism
located on the opposite side of said partition adapted automatically to serve in
performing further steps, all substantially as and for the purposes herein
specified.
34. In a machine for treating mantles, an endless belt, a series of mantle
holders thereon, each adapted to support a mantle in position for treatment, in
combination with a revolving carriage moving with said belt, and a series of
treating devices mounted on said carriage and each adapted to accompany its
mantle and perform a step in the manufacture, and on completing the revolu-
tion similarly act on a succeeding mantle, all substantially as herein specified.
35. A revolving carriage or wheel, a series of treating devices mounted thereon,
a belt moving with said wheel and carrying a series of mantle supporting holders,
means for insuring vertical alignment between said devices and mantles, and
means for raising and lowering the latter relatively to the said devices, all com-
bined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
36. A revolving carriage or wheel, a series of treating devices mounted thereon,
a belt moving with said wheel and carrying a series of mantle supporting holders,
means of engagement between said wheel and belt whereby vertical alignment
of said devices with said mantles is secured, and means for automatically moving
said devices and mantles into operative relation with each other, all combined
and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
37. A revolving carriage or wheel, a series of burners mounted thereon with
means for automatically controlling the supply of gas and air thereto as the
carriage revolves, in combination with a belt moving with said carriage and
carrying a series of mantle supporting holders, means for engagement between
said carriage and belt whereby vertical alignment of said burners with said
mantles is secured, and means for automatically moving said devices and
mantles into operative relation with each other, all combined and arranged to
serve substantially as herein specified.
38. A revolving carriage or wheel having notches in its periphery and carry-
ing a series of mantle treating devices, in combination with a belt having a
series of mantle supporting holders thereon spaced to match to said notches and
adapted to engage therein, and means for automatically lowering and raising
said mantles to bring them into operative relation with said devices, all sub-
stantially as herein specified.
39. A revolving carriage or wheel having notches in its periphery, a series of
burners carried thereon, means for automatically controlling the supply of gas
and air to said burners as the carriage revolves, an endless belt running on said
carriage, a series of holders on said belt spaced to engage said notches, a mantle
carrying slide in each of said holders, and a track following the path of said
belt and supporting said slides, and having elevations and depressions for raising

page_text: and lowering said mantles relatively to said burners, all combined substantially
as herein specified.
40. A revolving carriage or wheel, a series of mantle trimming devices carried
thereon, a belt moving with said carriage, a series of mantle supporting holders
thereon, means for ensuring register between said trimming devices and mantles,
means for automatically operating said devices and means for lowering and
raising said mantles relatively thereto, all combined substantially as herein
specified.
41. A revolving carriage or wheel, a series of mantle sizing devices thereon,
a belt running with said carriage, a series of mantle supporting holders thereon,
means for ensuring register between said sizing devices and mantles, and means
for presenting said mantles to said devices to indicate imperfections in size, all
combined and arranged to serve substantially as herein specified.
Dated this Tenth day of November 1899.
JAMES HENDERSON ABERCROMBIE.
ROBERT BROWN SYMINGTON.
W. P. Thompson & Co.,
Agents.
JAMES HENDERSON ABERCROMBIE.
ROBERT BROWN SYMINGTON.
W. P. Thompson & Co.,
Agents.