IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Griffith Brewer, of Chancery Lane, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLES." A communication from abroad
by Pierre Alfred Tronchon, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Griffith Brewer at
"
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1878.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN
CANDLES." (A communication from abroad by Pierre Alfred Tronchon, of Paris,
France.)
The employment of candles or their equivalents is so considerable that it is very
important to improve and economize the manufacture as much as possible in order
to avoid the great inconveniences resulting from the ends remaining inside the
holder or candlestick, which is made dirty thereby, is -burnt, broken, and at the
same time there is a loss of about an inch of the candle, and always very difficult
to remove from the holders or sticks.
To overcome these inconveniences the inventor has improved the manufacture of
candles in the following manner:-
The important part of the Invention consists of a candle or its equivalent made
by the same processes as those in use, but having the great advantage of having its
lower end hard and incombustible by a very simple means, easy of manufacture,
and not changing those existing for this purpose. The said candle or its equivalent is
moulded or formed in two different materials; the first, which is the larger in stearine,
its equivalent, or other suitable material or composition, and the second, which
would be about an inch in length, of a material employed in a liquid state, such as
plaster, cement, or analogous material, thus making the ends of the candles hard and
incombustible to avoid its adhering to the stick and dirtying it, or from breaking
the saucers, thereby avoiding loss of the ends of candles which are placed in the
sticks.
•

page_text: The materials intended to form the two parts of the candle are simply moulded
one after the other in an ordinary mould, the wick becoming adherent to the two
materials so as to form only one body with it, as is done for stearine or its
equivalent.
The form of the candle is not changed, which is a great feature, for this simplicity
enables the inventor to deliver them commercially under very advantageous con-
ditions as to price in spite of the superiority of the article. If desired the part in
artificial material may be moulded in a paper mould which surrounds that part of
the candle and ornaments it, but the simplicity is preferred of the ordinary moulding
employed for the manufacture of candles, not by it entirely filling the moulds, and
leaving a space of about an inch, in which the plaster, cement, or other suitable material
is run to obtain a complete candle having one end hard and incombustible. The candle
or its equivalent, instead of being cut entirely at its intersection with the plaster
piece, may be provided with a small base or bottom piece, which may be triangular,
round, square, or of other desired shape, and fits into a cavity formed in the plaster
base in such manner that however little of the burning materials remains at the
junction of the candle and the base it will run into the cavity and there will not be
an atom of useful material lost. Moreover when the candle is placed in a holder a
certain amount of force is used, which might separate the candle from the plastic
base, the latter will form a stop and there will then be no fear of separation of the
two materials.
It should be clearly understood that the inventor does not intend to claim ends
of candles in porcelain or other material which are used for connecting candles to,
but the formation of candles themselves with ends connected thereto, and sold there-
with of different material to that of the candles proper, being made with the candles
during the manufacture, forming part thereof and used with each, all substantially
in manner and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Griffith Brewer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th
March 1879.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
CANDLES." (A communication from abroad by Pierre Alfred Tronchon, of Paris,
France:)
The employment of candles or their equivalents is so considerable that it is very
important to improve and economize the manufacture as much as possible in order
to avoid the great inconveniences resulting from the ends remaining inside the
holder or candlestick, which is made dirty thereby, is burnt, broken, and at the
same time there is a loss of about an inch of the candle, and always very difficult
to remove from the holders or sticks.
To overcome these inconveniences the inventor has improved the manufacture of
candles in the following manner:-The important part of the Invention consists
of a candle or its equivalent made by the same processes as those in use, but having
the great advantage of having its lower end hard and incombustible by a very
simple means, easy of manufacture, and not changing those existing. For this
purpose the said candle or its equivalent is moulded or formed in two different
materials, the first of which is the larger in stearine, its equivalent, or other suitable
material or composition, and the second, which would be about an inch in length,
of a material employed in a liquid state, such as plaster, cement, or analogous
material, thus making the ends of the candles hard and incombustible to avoid its
adhering to the stick and dirtying it, or from breaking the saucers, thereby avoiding
loss of the ends of candles which are placed in the sticks.
The materials intended to form the two parts of the candle are simply moulded
one after the other in an ordinary mould, the wick becoming adherent to the two
materials so as to form only one body with it, as is done for stearine or its
equivalent.
In the accompanying Drawings Figures 1 and 2 show two candles made according
to this Invention, where a represents the candle proper or its equivalent; b, the
wick; and c, the plastic end." The form of the candle is not changed from those
ordinarily made, which is a great feature, for this simplicity enables the inventor to
deliver them commercially under very advantageous conditions as to price in spite
of the superiority of the article. If desired the part in artificial material may be
moulded, as shown at Figure 2, in a paper mould d, which surrounds that part of
the candle and ornaments it, but the simplicity is preferred of the ordinary moulding
employed for the manufacture of candles by the candle proper not entirely filling
the moulds, but leaving a space of about an inch, in which the plaster, cement, or
other suitable material is run to obtain a complete candle having one end hard and
incombustible.
If it is desired to allow the candle to be burnt as long as possible the plan illus-
trated at Figures 3 and 4 is employed; here the candle or its equivalent, instead of
being cut entirely at its intersection with the plaster piece, is provided with a small
base or bottom piece e, which may be triangular, round, square, or of other desired
shape, and fits into a cavity e¹ formed in the plastic base in such manner that
however little of the burning material remains at the junction of the candle and the
base it will run into the cavity e¹, and there will not be an atom of useful material
lost. Moreover when the candle is placed in a holder a certain amount of force is
used, which might separate the candle from the plastic base, the latter will form a
stop, and there will then be no fear of separation of the two materials.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, it should be clearly understood that the inventor does not
intend to claim as new the making of the ends of candles in porcelain or other
material which are used for connecting candles to, but I claim, the formation of

page_text: candles themselves with ends connected thereto and sold therewith of different
material to that of the candles proper, being made with the candles during the
manufacture, forming part thereof and used with cach, all substantially in manner
and for the purposes set forth with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Griffith Brewer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
E. G. BREWER. (L.S.)