Improvements in ΟΙ connected with Engines and Machinery having Quickly Rotating Parts for the purpose of Avoiding the Production of Heat and Noise and of Reducing the Amount of the Power for Driving them.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1391-Accepted, 19th Nov., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in ΟΙ connected with Engines and Machinery
having Quickly Rotating Parts for the purpose of Avoiding the
Production of Heat and Noise and of Reducing the Amount of
the Power for Driving them.
I, CARL GUSTAF PATRIK DE LAVAL, Dr. Phil. of No. 16 Handtverkaregatan
Stockholm Sweden do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Numerous experiments have shewn that great practical difficulties are connected
with the employment of great speed in engines or machines provided with rotating
parts such for instance as dynamo machines or steam engines, because the said
parts when the speed is increased to 20 or 30 thousand turns a minute, partly
become so hot that the machine itself is injured, and partly cause so great a noise
that such machines cannot conveniently be applied in ordinary dwelling houses.
Such quickly rotating parts of machines moreover require a great motive power
especially if they project far so as to offer great resistance to the surrounding
medium.
It is on the other hand an exceedingly great advantage to employ great speed
for many parts of machinery because the dimensions of the machines can thereby
be considerably reduced and a greater efficiency will be obtained than with the
relatively slowly rotating machines. In order therefore to be able to employ such
great velocities as above indicated and to utilize the great advantages connected
therewith it would be necessary to do away with the above named inconveniences,
and the object of this invention is to provide such an arrangement.
The arrangement consists simply in that one or more of the rotating parts in the
machine or engine are placed in a hermetically closed space, wherein a suitable
vacuum is maintained in any convenient manner. As the surrounding attenuated
medium offers but an insignificant resistance to the part or parts in question the
power to drive them is considerably reduced, hardly any heat is produced and the
machine works almost noiselessly.
In order to shew by an example how the arrangement may suitably be carried
into effect, the invention is on the accompanying drawing shown adapted to a
dynamo machine.
Figure 1 is a vertical section and Figure 2 an end view of the same.
The dynamo A is put into the housing B through one of its end walls which
forms a joint with packed flanges. The housing is in this construction cast in one
piece and formed with a foot E below. FF are the bearings for the dynamo
shaft G which passes out at the other end wall through an ordinary stuffing box H
outside of which there is a cord pulley or strap pulley for driving the dynamo.
II are devices for fixing thereto the oil cups for lubricating the shaft bearings FF.
One oil cup only is shown in Figure 1. The pole wires pass from the dynamo to
the insulated terminal screws K K which are fixed to the housing B. The
screwed pipe L enters the housing B and is connected with the apparatus for
maintaining the vacuum in the housing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
An arrangement for avoiding heat and noise and for reducing the amount of the
power for driving dynamo machines, steam turbines or the like, consisting in

page_text: placing one or more of the rotating parts of such machines in a hermetically
-closed housing in which by suitable means a vacuum is maintained.
Dated this 24th day of November 1891.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.