IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING JOINTS FOR CONNECTING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES BY MEANS OF LEAD OR OTHER SOFT METAL
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cartwright Hill, of Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING
JOINTS FOR CONNECTING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES BY MEANS OF LEAD OR
OTHER SOFT METAL."
Sealed the 7th January 1859, and dated the 20th July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cartwright Hill
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th July 1858.
I, JOHN CARTWRIGHT HILL, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING JOINTS FOR CONNECTING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES BY MEANS OF LEAD OR
OTHER SOFT METAL," to be as follows:-
To join two lead pipes together according to my Invention, I scrape them
clean and I insert their ends in a collar or short piece of lead pipe of larger
diameter. I then apply to this collar a compressing tool, which consists of a
cylindrical iron case or box, which confines the collar, while an iron punch or
collar is forced into one end of the case by a lever, or screw or screws, or
otherwise, so as to compress the leaden collar and force it into close contact with
the two pipes. The compressing tool is then removed and the joint is made.
The compressing tool may be made to take to pieces, to facilitate its removal.

page_text: Joints may thus be made when the pipes are full of water, and even when the
water is exposed to pressure, and is squirting out at the junction. In some
cases, or when an excessive pressure is to be applied, a short piece of iron or
other pipe may be placed within the two pipes to be joined, so as to support
them while the joint is being made, and if it be required to preserve the full
waterway in the pipe, the ends of the pipes may be enlarged for the reception
of this short piece of pipe.
I join iron and other pipes in a similar manner by applying a collar or short
tube of lead or tin, or other compressible metal over the junction, and com-
pressing it with a compressing tool. A shorter piece of iron pipe may be
placed under the lead collar if desired. I have described the joining of pipes
for the purpose of explaining the nature of my Invention, but it will be obvious
that rods and many other articles may be joined in a similar manner; the
form of the collar or piece of lead or other compressible metal and of the
compressing tool being varied accordingly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Cartwright Hill in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 17th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CARTWRIGHT HILL, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Cartwright Hill, Her special licence that I, the said John Cartwright
Hill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Cartwright Hill, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at,
any time agree with, and-no-others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,.
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAKING JOINTS FOR CONNECTING PIPES AND OTHER ARTICLES BY MEANS:
OF LEAD OR OTHER SOFT METAL," upon the condition (amongst others). that.
[, the said John Cartwright Hill, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals..

page_text: should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Cartwright Hill, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
To join two lead pipes together, according to my Invention, I scrape them
clean and I insert their ends into a collar or short piece of lead pipe of larger
diameter; I then apply to this collar a compressing tool, which consists of a
cylindrical iron case or box which confines the collar, while an iron punch or
collar is forced into one end of the case by a lever, or screw or screws, or other-
wise, so as to compress the leaden collar and force it into close contact with the
two pipes. The compressing tool is then removed and the joint is made. The
compressing tool may be made to take to pieces to facilitate its removal. Joints
may thus be made when the pipes are full of water or other liquid, and even when
the water is exposed to pressure and is squirting out at the junction. In some
cases, or when an excessive pressure is to be applied, a short piece of iron or
other pipe may be placed within the two pipes to be joined, so as to support
them while the joint is being made, and if it be required to preserve the full
waterway in the pipe, the ends of the pipe may be enlarged for the reception
of this short piece of pipe. I join iron and other pipes in a similar manner,
by applying a collar or short tube of lead or tin, or other compressible metal
over the junction, and compressing it with a compressing tool. A shorter
piece of iron pipe may be placed under the lead collar if desired.
I have described the joining of pipes for the purpose of explaining the
nature of my Invention, but it will be obvious that rods and many other
articles may be joined in a similar manner, the form of the collar or piece of
lead or other compressible metal and of the compressing tool being varied
accordingly.
In each case the adjoining parts of the two rods or other articles to be
joined, are to be of the same or nearly the same external sectional form, and
their junction is to be enclosed and covered by a collar of similar or nearly
similar internal sectional form, of lead or other soft metal or combination of
metals compressed upon them by means of dies, which are afterwards
removed.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a plan, partly in section, of an
apparatus which may be employed for compressing the collar of lead or other

page_text: soft metal. Figure 2 is a longitudinal section, and Figure 3 is a transverse
section of the same, with the collar and two lead pipes to be joined. The
same letters refer to similar parts in each Figure. A and B are the pipes,
and C is the collar; D is an iron or steel tube, or case or die which encloses
and confines the collar C while it is being compressed; E is another tube
which encloses the tube D, and which is used without the tube D for making
joints on pipes of a larger diameter; F is a short tubular die which enters
one end of the tube D; and G is another tubular die which enters the other
end of the tube D. The tubes or dies D, E, F, G, are each divided longi-
tudinally into two pieces, so as to admit of their being removed from the pipes
and collar after the joint is made. When in use they are clasped or confined
by two pair of hinged jaws H, I, and K, L, which are closed upon them and
secured or forced together by screws at h and k; M and N are two plates of
the form shewn in Figure 4; the plate M receives the die F, which has a
shoulder or flange against which it bears; the plate N receives the die G, and
bears against a shoulder on it in a similar manner. O and P are two screws
or bolts which pass through the plates M. and N, and are fitted with nuts
Q, R, S, T. The bolt O forms the pin of the hinge of the jaws K, L, and
has a square part at o, which lies in a square groove in the jaws H, I, which
prevents the bolt from turning round when the nuts are screwed up. In like
manner the bolt P forms the pin of the hinge of the jaws H, I, and has a
square part at p, which lies in a square groove in the jaws K, L.
The mode of using this apparatus is as follows:-The lead collar C is
slipped over one of the pipes A, and the two pipes are then brought together
and the collar C is slipped over the junction. The ends of the pipes A and B
should be previously cut square and smooth, or one may with advantage be
trimmed to a conical form, and the other to a hollow conical form, so that the
one may enter slightly into the other. The collar C being slipped over the
junction, the apparatus with the jaws open and the lower parts of the dies and
tubes in their places, as shewn in Figure 1, is placed under it. The upper
parts of the dies and tubes are then placed over the others, so as to inclose the
junction, and the jaws are then closed and screwed firmly together. If the
collar is made-a-little larger in diameter than the divided tube D, it will be
compressed or partially compressed upon-the-tubes by screwing up the jaws.
The nuts Q, R, S, T, are then screwed up, and the dies Fand-G-are thus
forced into the ends of the tube D. The collar C being confined by the tube
D becomes shortened and thickened, and of smaller internal diameter. It is
thus forcibly compressed upon the pipes A and B, and forms a water-tight
joint. The nuts are then unscrewed and the jaws are opened, and the dies

page_text: may
and tubes are removed; the joint is then finished. When the outside of the
pipes and the inside of the collar are clean, and bright, and dry, they may be
united so firmly as almost to form one piece of metal by employing sufficient
pressure. In many cases, however, it will be found to facilitate the making of
the joint, to apply: a little white lead ground up with oil or other suitable
composition or cement to the parts of the pipes which are to be covered by
the collar. Thus, if it be required to connect a lead pipe A to another lead
pipe B, which is in connexion with a pipe or main full of water under pressure,
it be effected in the following manner :-A plug is driven into the pipe B
to prevent the issue of the water, while the end of the pipe is pared or cut to
a conical form, and the pipe A is pared out a little to fit it. The interior of
the collar is coated with white lead, and it is slipped on the pipe A and laid in
its place in the dies, and the jaws are closed and screwed up tight or nearly so.
The plug is then pulled out of the pipe B, and it is immediately pushed into
its place in the collar, or the apparatus with the collar is pushed over it. The
jaws are then screwed up tight, if not already so, and the nuts are screwed up
as quickly as possible. A portion of water escapes between the ends of the
pipes and under the collar, until the compression of the collar closes the
opening and makes the joint. A short tube or collar of iron or other suitable
material may be placed within the pipes to support them, and prevent them
from being contracted in diameter by the pressure employed in making the joint.
As already mentioned the ends of the pipes may be enlarged a little for the
reception of this tube. The edges of the dies F and G may be bevilled, as
shewn in the Drawing, or they may be made square at the end, so as to
compress the collar more in the direction of its length before forcing its ends
to contract and close upon the pipes. In lieu of forcing together or closing
the jaws and the dies by screws, they may be forced together or closed by
levers or cams, or toggle joints, or other mechanical means. The collars may
be made of tin, or a soft metallic alloy instead of lead. By means of this
Invention, taps or cocks may be joined to pipes, and solid plugs may be joined
to the ends of pipes; and in some cases the collar may be closed at one end,
and slipped on to the end of a pipe and compressed upon it so as to close the
end. I have described the Invention more particularly as applied to the
joining of lead pipes, but it may also be applied to the joining of iron or
copper or other pipes by compressing the collar of lead or other soft metal
upon the junction, as herein-before described.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
confine myself to the use of the particular apparatus or compressing tool

page_text: herein-before described, as various other forms of compressing tools may be
employed for making joints according to my Invention, but what I claim is,-
First, making joints on pipes and other articles by placing a collar of lead
or other soft metal over the junction, and compressing this collar by means of
dies which are afterwards removed, leaving the compressed collar on the
junction, as herein-before described.
Second, making. joints on pipes and other articles by placing a collar or
short tube of iron or other comparatively rigid metal within the junction, and
a collar of lead or other soft metal over the junction, and compressing this
collar by means of dies which are afterwards removed, leaving the compressed
collar on the junction, and the rigid collar within it, as herein-before
described.
Third, making joints on pipes and other articles by placing a collar of lead
or other soft metal over the junction, and compressing this collar by pressure
applied to its ends while its periphery is confined, as herein before described.
Fourth, making joints on pipes and other articles by placing a collar of
lead or other soft metal over the junction, and compressing this collar by
means of the apparatus herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cartwright Hill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
TATT
JOHN CARTWRIGHT HILL. (L.S.)