IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING, TURNING, AND POLISHING TRENAILS, BOBBINS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF WOOD OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samson Fox and Joseph Reffitt, of Silver Cross
Works, Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING, TURNING, AND
POLISHING TRENAILS, BOBBINS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF WOOD OR
OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 24th May 1870, and dated the 27th November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samson Fox and Joseph
Reffitt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th November 1869.
We, SAMSON Fox and JOSEPH REFFITT, of Silver Cross Works, Leeds,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BORING, TURNING.
AND POLISHING TRENAILS, BOBBINS, OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF WOOD OR OTHER
MATERIALS" to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention consists of machinery or apparatus
for boring, heading, and tipping or pointing. On a bed supported on
standards we mount two headstocks, placed in such a position opposite
[Price 8d.1

page_text: cach other that their spindles may be made to operate simultaneously on
the same object. Each headstock carries a hollow spindle mounted in
conical bearings. In each of these hollow spindles we insert other
spindles, which are not only made to revolve with the outer spindles, but
have also a reciprocating motion given to them from a cam through
levers and sliding carriers, a sliding carrier being provided for each
reciprocating spindle in which the ends are supported. The aforesaid
reciprocating spindles are provided with boring bits, also heading and
tipping or pointing cutters. The material to be operated upon is gripped
between sliding jaws placed in any desired position between the head-
stocks; motion is given to the aforesaid jaws by the attendant, but may
be made self-acting. The material is fed into the jaws by means of
revolving hooks or carriers, which are charged with material and worked
by the attendant.
The machinery for boring without heading or tipping may be arranged
as hereafter described. On a bed, supported on standards, we mount
one or more headstocks fitted with one or more spindles revolving in
conical bearings, each spindle having boring bits, which are held in
conical chucks on the end of the spindles. The material to be operated
upon is fed by an attendant on to a sliding carrier, to which motion is
given by a second sliding carrier actuated by a cam and weight. At a
suitable position on the bed we place a bracket or carrier, on which we
mount one or more pins or studs, by which the material is pushed on to
the second of the aforesaid sliding carriers from the first. The material
is gripped on the second sliding carrier by means of a lever and weight.
The gripping is released to allow the material to be pushed off when
required by an adjustable incline acting upon the lever. On one or
more reciprocating rods actuated by the aforesaid second sliding carrier
are fixed one or more brushes charged with lubricating matter, for the
purpose of lubricating the boring bits when in motion.
The second part of our improvements relates to machinery or apparatus
for roughing and finish-turning. The bed and headstocks are of a similar
construction to those specified in our Patent, No. 3964 (1868), but may
consist of any required number of spindles. On the bed in a suitable
position we fix a slide, into which is fitted a frame, so as to work freely
by means of a hand lever or other mechanical means. To this frame we
bolt in suitable positions one or more adjustable carriers, into which are
fitted one or more spindles, on which are fitted any required number of

page_text: tool holders, which can be moved and fixed in any required position on
the spindles. By this arrangement tools may be placed so as to turn
any required form, and also any number of spindles properly placed, and
charged with work may be operated upon by one stroke of the sliding
frame which carries the aforesaid cutters. At a suitable position on the
sliding frame we also mount a transverse slide and tool holder for
cupping or rounding the ends to any required form, the aforesaid trans-
verse motion being given by a copy. To this machine may be added a
vertical slide fitted with revolving spindle provided with cutters, which
may be caused to operate on the rough material previous to the finishing
tools on the aforesaid slide frame being brought into operation.
The third part of our improvements consists of machinery or apparatus
for polishing. To attain this object we immerse the material after being
finish-turned in a suitable revolving hollow disc containing sand, emery,
or other suitable material. The disc is made to revolve while one or
more spindles on which the material is placed after being finish-turned
are alternately immersed in the sand whilst revolving in a contrary
direction to the hollow disc. The whole are mounted on framework and
driven by friction pullics, straps, or other suitable means
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samson Fox and Joseph Reffitt in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, SAMPSON
Fox and JOSEPH REFFITT, of Silver Cross Works, Leeds, in the County
of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Samson Fox and Joseph Reffitt, Her
special licence that we, the said Samson Fox and Joseph Reffitt, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Samson Fox and Joseph Reffitt, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should

page_text: and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
BORING. TURNING, AND POLISHING TRENAILS, BOBBINS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
OF WOOD OR OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Samson Fox and Joseph Reffitt, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Samson Fox and Joseph Reffitt
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that
is to say
The first part of our Invention consists of machinery or apparatus for
boring, heading, and tipping or pointing. On a bed supported on
standards we mount two headstocks placed in such position opposite
cach other that their spindles may be made to operate simultaneously
on the same object. Each headstock carries a hollow spindle mounted
in conical bearings. In each of the hollow spindles we insert other
spindles which are not only made to revolve with the outer spindles
but have also a reciprocating motion given to them from a cam through
levers and sliding carriers, a sliding carrier being provided for each
reciprocating spindle in which the ends are supported. The aforesaid
reciprocating spindles are provided with boring bits, also heading and
tipping or pointing cutters. The material to be operated upon is gripped
between sliding jaws placed in any desired position between the head-
stocks; motion is given to the aforesaid jaws by the attendant, but they
may be made self-acting. The material is fed into the jaws by means
of revolving hooks or carriers which are charged with material and
worked by the attendant.
The machinery for boring without heading or tipping may be arranged
as hereafter described. On a bed supported on standards we mount one
or more headstocks fitted with one or more spindles revolving in conical

page_text: bearings, each spindle having boring bits which are held in conical
chucks on the end of the spindles. The material to be operated upon
is fed by an attendant on to a sliding carrier to which motion is given
by a second sliding carrier actuated by a cam and weight. At a suit-
able position on the bed we place a bracket or carrier on which we mount
one or more pins or studs by which the material is pushed onto the
second of the aforesaid sliding carriers from the first. The material is
gripped on the second sliding carrier by means of a lever and weight.
The gripping is released to allow the material to be pushed off when
required by an adjustable incline acting upon the lever.
more reciprocating rods actuated by the aforesaid second sliding carrier
are fixed one or more brushes charged with lubricating matter for the
purpose of lubricating the boring bits when in motion.
On one or
The second part of our improvements relates to machinery or apparatus
for roughing and finish-turning. The bed and headstocks are of a
similar construction to those described in the Specification of our Patent
No. 3964, (1868), but may consist of any required number of spindles.
On the bed in a suitable position we fix a slide into which is fitted a
frame so as to work freely by means of a hand lever or other mechanical
means. To this frame we bolt in suitable positions one or more
adjustable carriers, into which are fitted one or more spindles on which
are fitted any required number of tool holders which can be moved and
fixed in any required positions on the spindle. By this arrangement
tools may be placed so as turn any required form, and also number
of spindles properly placed and charged with work may be operated
upon by one stroke of the sliding frame which carries the aforesaid
cutters. At a suitable position on the sliding frame we also mount a
transverse slide and tool for cupping or rounding the ends to any
required form, the aforesaid transverse motion being given by a copy.
To this machine may be added a vertical slide fitted with revolving
spindle provided with cutters which may be caused to operate on the
rough material previous to the finishing tools on the aforesaid slide frame
being brought into operation.
any
The third part of our improvements consists of machinery or apparatus
for polishing. To attain this object we immerse the material after being
finish-turned in a suitable revolving hollow disc containing sand, emery,
or other suitable material. The disc is made to revolve while one or
more spindles on which the material is placed after being finish-turned

page_text: are alternately immersed in the sand whilst revolving in a contrary
direction to the hollow disc. The whole are mounted on framework and
driven by friction pulleys, straps, or other suitable means.
Sheet 1 represents a machine arranged for boring, heading, and
tipping or pointing, of which Fig. 1 is a front elevation; Fig. 2, a cross
section through A, B; Figs. 3 and 4 are front and side clevations of a
cutter for heading and tipping or pointing.
b
The bed, headstocks, and standards are shewn at a. The headstocks
being placed directly opposite each other so that their spindles may
be made simultaneously to operate on the same object. The hollow
spindles on each headstock are made to run in conical bearings which
may be of cast iron and lined with white metal as shewn. In each of
these hollow spindles we insert other spindles c which are not only
made to revolve with the hollow spindles 6 by being keyed into them
but have also a reciprocating motion given to them from the cam d
through the bars e and f acting on the levers g and h simultaneously,
which are jointed or connected to the sliding carriers C fitting in the
brackets A so as to slide freely, but when the boring bits in the ends
of the spindles c are almost mecting in the centre the end of the lever f,
which is provided with a small pulley i, is so arranged as to come in
contact with the incline j, whereby the bar f is lifted off and released
from the pink on the lever h, and continues to travel on without
imparting any motion to the lever h. The sliding bar e is also connected
with the lever by means of a stud l, but does not impart any motion
to it until the lever is disconnected from the bar f. The sliding bar e
continues to slide on the stud until it has arrived at the end of the
The lever is thereby again put in motion and the sliding
spindle withdrawn, preventing by this means the boring bits from
coming in contact. The material is fed into the jaws n and o by the
revolving hooks or carriers p which are charged and worked round by
the attendant. The jaw o fits in a bracket O so as to slide in it and
is moved by the attendant, motion being given through the lever q
carried on a stud. Motion is given to the cam d through the worm
wheels and worm t from the speed cone u. The cam is formed as
shewn so that its pressure is taken from the bare at various times,
whereby a variable return motion is allowed to the boring bits in order to
clear them of the borings. The return motion is given by the weight v
acting on the bar e, being connected thereto by a chain passing over
slot m.

page_text: the pulley w. The boring tools are held in the heading and tipping
dies by set screws x, Figs. 3 and 4.
Sheet 2 represents an arrangement of machine for heading and
tipping without boring, of which Fig. 1 is a front elevation, Fig. 2 a
cross section, Fig. 3 a plan, & Fig. 4 an arrangement of hopper or
feeder.
The bed and standards are shewn at 1; on the bed are mounted the
headstocks 2 and 3, in each of which are fitted the spindles 4. The end
of each spindle is provided with a box cutter 5 (same as shewn on
Sheet 1, Figs. 3 and 4), two of which are used for heading and two for
tipping, but of course as the number of spindles may vary so also will
the number of heading and tipping cutters. In this arrangement the
headstocks are made to slide, motion being given through the lever 6
and rods 7 and 8 from the crank 9 actuated through the worm wheel 10
and worm 11 by the pulley 12 on the shaft 13. Between the headstocks
2 and 3 and on the bed we mount a saddle 14, into which fit so as to
slide freely the arms 15. On the bed we also mount the carriers 16,
in which are fitted the studs 17 carrying the discs 18 which are notched
as shewn in Figs. 2 and 4 to receive the work. The ends of the arms 15
are made so as to fit into these notches to retain the work during the
operation of heading and tipping; the weights 19 are attached to the
sliding arms 15 at the eyes 20 by means of chains passing over the
pulleys 21, whereby the sliding arms give the required pressure to the
work during the operation of heading and tipping. The work may be
fed into each seperate notch in the discs 18 by the attendant but may
also be fed into them through the hopper 22 as shewn in Fig. 4 from
which the material enters the notches at the point shewn. The discs 18
are made to revolve by the motion of the headstock 3. The catches 23
are placed on the headstock 3 so as to give motion to the levers 24 at a
suitable portion of its return after the operation of tipping and heading.
The levers 24 are connected to the rods 25 carried in bearings. By
this means the motion given to the levers 24 is transmitted through
the rods 25 and links 26 to the pawls 27 carried by an arm loose on the
studs 17 thence through the ratchet wheels 28 to the disc 18. On the
headstock 3 are also fixed the bars 29 one end of which is allowed to
slide in suitable bearings on the brackets 16. The inclines 30 on the
bars 29 come in contact with the pulleys 31 on the sliding arms 15, so
that the projecting part of the arm is pushed back clear of the discs 18

page_text: before the discs are required to move. The headstocks are provided
with conical bearings same as shewn on Sheet 1, Figs. 1 and 2.
Part of Sheet 3 represents an arrangement of machine for boring
without heading or tipping, of which Fig. 1 is a front elevation, Fig. 2
a cross section.
The bed and standards are shewn at a on which we have shewn one
headstock b carrying two spindles c, c, running in conical bushes which
may be made of cast iron and lined with white metal as shewn. Each
spindle is provided with boring bits which are held in conical chucks
of ordinary construction. The material to be operated upon is fed on
to the sliding carrier d by the attendant. A second sliding carrier e is
actuated by the cam f to which motion is given from pulley 1 through
worm 2 and worm wheel 3, the return motion being given by the weight
g attached to the sliding carrier e by a chain passing over a pulley h.
The cam is of a similar construction to the one shewn on Sheet 1,
whereby a variable return motion is imparted to the slides e and d
during the operation of boring in order to clear the bits of the borings.
On the bed we mount the carrier i which may be either fixed as shewn
or made to slide on this carrier, and central with each spindle are placed
the studs or pins j, by which the material being placed on the first
carrier d by the attendant is pushed on to the second carrier e, and is
held there during the operation of boring by the clamp k carried by the
lever, on which also is mounted an adjustable weight m for giving the
required pressure to the clamp k, the pressure of the clamp is liberated
by means of the adjustable incline n acting on a small pulley o on the
end of the lever raising thereby the clamp off the material, this is
done when the slides e and d are returning and simultaneously the piece
having been bored is pushed off the front of the sliding jaw e. This
operation is performed by the pins or studs j on the return of the sliding
jaws, but the motion is transmitted through another piece being placed
by the attendant behind the one that has been operated upon. This
in turn is brought on to the sliding carrier e and under the clamp
and held down by it, then brough up to the boring tools, as described.
The operation is continued in this manner-One or more sliding or
reciprocating rods p are fitted into the headstock; on the end of cach
is mounted a brush q which is supplied with grease or some other
lubricating substance for the purpose of lubricating the boring bits.
The brushes are brought up to the bits by means of a weight rattached

page_text: to the bar p by a chain passing over a small pulleys at the back of the
headstock. At a suitable time the end of the bar on which the brush is
placed comes in contact with the slide e, by which it is pushed back
during the operation of boring. The weight t is attached to the sliding
carrier d by a chain passing over the pulley u so as to keep it in contact
with the carrier e up to the boring point and is there retained by a
stop.
On Sheet 3 is also shewn the second part of our Invention which
relates to apparatus for roughing and finish-turning of which Fig. 3
is a cross section, and Fig. 4, front elevation; Figs. 5 and 6 are a
cupping or dishing arrangement.
l
The bed and headstocks are of a similar construction to those described
in the Specification of our Patent No. 3964 (1868), but may consist of
any required number of spindles. The bed and standards are shewn
at a and the headstocks at b and c, which are shewn arranged with
two spindles d and e. On the bed we fix a slide f on to which is fitted
the frame g so as to work freely by means of a hand lever h. On the
frame g are shewn bolted in suitable positions the adjustable carriers i
into which are fitted the adjustable spindles J on which are the tool
holders, which can be moved and fixed in any required position on
the spindles to suit the various forms required. By this arrangement
the tools may be placed to turn any required form, and also any number
of spindles on the headstocks placed as shewn and charged with work,
as shewn at A, may be operated upon by one stroke of the sliding
frame g carrying the cutters which pass underneath the work. On the
headstock c (see Fig. 3) are mounted the brackets m carrying the
frame n, which can be placed at any suitable angle and held there by
the nuts o. On the frame n we fit the tool holder p so as to slide freely
in it carrying the cutting tools for cupping or dishing. To the sliding
tool holder we attach the rod g on which is mounted a stud carrying
the pulley r.
On the slide g is fixed the incline s in such a position
that the pulley » comes in contact with it after the finishing cutters
have done their work. The motion of the slide g being continued the
incline s passes over the pulley whereby the rod q is drawn down, and
with it the tool holders and tools, thereby the cupping or dishing
operation is performed. The return motion is given by the weight t.
When only one spindle is used a cupping or dishing arrangement is
used as shewn at Figs. 5 and 6. We mount on the slide g a bracket t

page_text: carrying the transverse slide u with its tool and tool holder (see Fig. 5)
On the headstock we mount the incline was shewn at Fig. 6. A pin
x is fixed on the slide u so as to come in contact and be pushed forward,
carrying the slide with it, by which means the dishing or cupping
operation is performed after the finishing tools have done their work.
A return motion is given to the slide u by the spring y.
Sheet 4 shews the third part of our improvements which consists of
machinery or apparatus for polishing. Fig. 1 represents a front elevation,
and Fig. 2 a section.
The table and standards are shewn at a, on which is mounted the
upright b which may either be cast on, as shewn, or bolted thereto. On
the upright b we mount a revolving disc c which carries any required
number of spindles d, which are arranged so as to carry on their outer
end the material to be operated upon as shewn at e and made to radiate
from one common centre. On the opposite end of each spindle to the
one on which the work is placed are keyed or otherwise fastened bevel
friction pinions f. On the table below the revolving disc c and central
with the spindles d longitudinally, and central with the disc c trans-
versely, we mount a revolving hollow disc or bowl g which is partially
filled with sand, emery, or other suitable material, as shewn. Motion
from the pulley h is transmitted to the revolving disc c through the
bevel wheels i, worm j, and worm wheel k. The pulley h also imparts
motion to the revolving disc or bowl g through the bevel wheels 7. The
small pulley m transmits motion to the revolving spindles d through the
friction wheel n and friction pinions f. The revolving bowl or disc g
is made to revolve in the opposite direction to the spindles d and
disc c.
When set in motion as the disc c revolves the material on the
spindles & revolves with it, and at the same time the spindles are made
to revolve on their own centres at a high speed.
finished turned work on them are successively
contained in the disc or bowl g which is also
direction opposite to that of the spindles d.
The spindles with the
immersed in the sand
made to revolve in a
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we would remark in
conclusion, that we do not limit ourselves to the exact details and
configuration of parts we have shewn and explained, as the same may of
course be varied or modified without in any way departing from the

page_text: nature and principle of our Invention. What we do claim and desire
to be secured to us by Letters Patent are,-
Firstly. The arrangement, construction, and application of machinery
for boring, heading, and tipping, or pointing, each substantially as
herein set forth.
Secondly. The arrangement of machinery for rough turning and
finishing, substantially as herein set forth.
And, thirdly. The arrangement of machinery for polishing, substan-
tially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Reffitt, for myself and on
behalf of the said Samson Fox, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JOSEPH REFFITT. (L.S.)