Improvements in Automatic Apparatus for Recording the Number of Passengers in Railway and other Vehicles, and also the Number of Persons Entering and Leaving Buildings or the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1895-Accepted, 29th June, 1895
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
辈
Improvements in Automatic Apparatus for Recording the Number
of Passengers in Railway and other Vehicles, and also the
Number of Persons Entering and Leaving Buildings or the like.
1, ADRIAN "GAJARDO, of 16 Calle Prat, Valparaiso, Chili, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in automatic apparatus for recording the
nuniber of passengers in railway and other vehicles, and also the number of persons
entering and leaving buildings or the like.
The object of my said invention is to provide improved apparatus for registering
exactly, and exhibiting a visible record of, the number of persons travelling, say,
in tramcars, omnibuses or other vehicles,; steam boats and the like to which the
apparatus is applied, or the number of visitors entering or leaving exhibitions,
parks, theatres, museums, and other places. of public resort. The aforesaid improved
apparatus also automatically checks the record and thereby effectively prevents
any fraudulent, attempt, on the part of the employees or officials. entrusted with the
collection of the admission fees, or fares, to deceive their employers by reporting a
less number of visitors or passengers than have really been admitted to the
establishment, or carried by the conveyance, in question.
An important feature of this apparatus is that, while it automatically counts and
records every individual passenger or visitor who passes through it in either
direction, it comprises improved means for allowing the conductor, or other
authorized attendant, (furnished with suitable sole plates on his boots) to pass
through without being counted or registered. Such attendant or official cannot
however, substitute any one else in his place, unless that person is in possession of
the means for preventing the counting or registering device from operating in
his case.
Another feature of the invention is the provision of improved means for notifying
or announcing the passage of an authorized employee, whenever it occurs, by the
sound of a bell, trumpet, or other signalling device."
The improvements herein described may be classified under three heads, vi
(1) The improvements in the construction of the doors, gates or turnstiles which
as is usual in such apparatus are opened to let only one person through at one
time..
(2) The improved devices operated by the door or gate, for counting the number
of people passing through, and improved means for throwing the counting device
out of action when the attendant is passing through the gates, and
(3) The improved device electrically connected with the counting device directly
operated by the doors or gates, and operative to reproduce at a central office or
other place at a distance from said doors or gates, the number which is registered
by such counting device.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a front view, and
Figure 2 is a plan of a pair of entrance gates constructed according to my
invention, the gates being closed.
Figure 3 is a section on line 11 Figure 1

page_text: Figures 5 to 8 are detail views drawn to a larger scale of one of the hinges of
the gates hereinafter fully described.
Figure 9 is an under plan view shewing a device for connecting together the
shafts of a pair of gates.
Figure 10 is a similar view shewing an alternative form of such device intended
for rotating gates or turnstiles such as that shown in Figures 17 to 19.
Figure 11 is an elevation of my improved counting device.
Figure 12 is an elevation of my improved electrically-actuated checking
device.
Figure 13 is a section of the shaft C Figure 11 showing the cam for operating
the counting device.
Figure 14 is a section through the wheels of the counting device.
Figure 15 illustrates a modified counting device with the upper registering wheel
removed to show a pawl hereinafter described.
Figure 16 is an underside plan of the said upper registering wheel.
Figure 17 is a plan of a double turnstile constructed according to this invention.
Figure 18 is a side elevation of the same looking through the passage, a
portion of the base being broken away to show the chain that connects the two
shafts.
Figure 19 is an elevation of one of the turnstiles looking in the direction across
the passage.
Figure 20 is a detail hereinafter described drawn to a larger scale.
Figure 21 is a plan, and
Figure 22 is a side elevation drawn to a larger scale of the counting device
applied to the turnstile shown in Figures 17 to 19.
Referring now to Figures 1 to 8, A A is the framework forming the sides of the
passage through which the people pass; B B are the gates secured to upright
shafts C, C; D, D, D', D' are auxiliary gates mounted on the shafts C, C and
capable of rotating thereon. The shafts CC are turned when the gates B, B are
opened and actuate the counting or registering device as hereinafter described.
The purpose of the auxiliary gates is to close the passage immediately in rear of
the person passing through the same as soon as the gates B B are opened.
For the sake of clearness I will describe the construction and operation of one
gate B only, premising that the other gate is constructed and operates in the same
manner.
The shaft C is supported at the top in a bearing C' in the frame A and at the
bottom is pointed and supported on an adjusting screw C³ secured in a suitable
foundation plate, clearly shewn in Figure 3.
The manner of mounting the gates D, D' on the shaft C is shewn in Figures 5
to 8, where Figure 5 is an elevation of the hinge looking in a direction parallel
with the gate B, Figure 6 is an elevation looking in a direction parallel with the
gates D, D', Figure 7 is a section on the line 2-2 Figure 5, and Figure 8 is a
section on the line 3-3 Figure 5. The figures illustrate the lowermost limbs of
the gates. E is a collar firmly secured to the shaft C by a screwed pin E. To
it is attached the horizontal arm of the gate B. The said collar is slotted as
shewn at E to receive two rings F, F' which are adapted to turn easily on the
shaft C and to which the horizontal arms of the gates D, D₁ are respectively
fastened, that is to say one of the said gates D is secured to the upper ring F and
the other of said gates D' is secured to the lower ring F¹. The said rings F, Fi
are hollow or U-shaped in section as shown in Figure 8 and are so placed relatively
to each other that an annular chamber is thereby formed. In this chamber is
placed a spiral spring G one end of which is secured by a stud G' to one of the
rings and the other of which is secured by a stud G2 to the other ring. Other
suitable means for securing the ends of the spring may be adopted. The spring
is so arranged that it tends to maintain both the auxiliary gates D, D' pressed
against the wall A' that extends across the frame A.
F2, F are projections or stops secured to the rings F, F' respectively and

page_text: adapted to be received in notches D', D' in the ends of the rings F F respectively
when the said rings are turned. The gates D, D' cannot turn through more than
a right augle or thereabouts since the projection F' or F3 as the case may be will
at the end of that amount of rotation come into contact with the end of the
notch D or D³ in the other auxiliary gate which is bearing against the wall A¹ or
against a simple bar extending across the frame. The said wall or bar is furnished
with rubber or leather or other suitable buffers to receive the shock when the
auxiliary gates D, D¹ strike thereagainst.
The operation of the gates is as follows, that is to say: When the gates Bare
opened in the direction shewn for example in Figure 4, the part E Figure 7 of the
collar E of each gate pressing on the corresponding auxiliary gate D causes the
latter to turn and follow the same course as the gate B and finally when the gate B
is fully open to take up the same position as that which the said gate B occupied
before being opened. The other auxiliary gate D' meanwhile remains at rest
against the wall A'. If the gate B is opened in the opposite direction, the auxiliary
gate D is moved in a similar manner to close the opening and the gate D remains
stationary. Therefore immediately the gate B is turned to open the passage, the
gate Dor gate D' moves out to close the passage. This arrangement prevents more
than one person passing at a time since either one or other of the auxiliary gates
must impede the passage of a second person at the moment when the gate B is
open to afford a free passage for the first person.
The gate D in turning with its ring F upon the shaft C while the other gate D
is at rest, will distort the spring G, in such a manner that as soon as the gate B is
released the spring will act to return the gate D and with it the gate B to its
initial position. When the gate B is opened in the opposite direction the gate D¹
operates to distort the spring and is in turn forced back by the spring when the
gate B is released.
I prefer to provide two gates B, B and two sets of auxiliary gates D and D' as
shewn in Figures 1, 2 and 4, and in this case in order to ensure that when one
of the gates B is opened the other shall also be opened, I couple them together by
crank arm C³, C³, secured to the shafts C, C as shewn in Figures 3 and 9, and a
link H.
Referring now to Figure 111 will proceed to describe the counting device
which is actuated when one of the shafts C is turned or partly rotated by the
opening of the gate B.
The counting device comprises two indicators mounted in a suitable casing Y
carried by the frame A. One of the said indicators counts the number of persons
admitted or in other words the number of times the entrance gate and shaft Care
rotated through a right angle or thereabouts in one direction, and the other of which
counts the number of persons passing out or in other words the number of times the
entrance gate and shaft Care rotated through a right angle or thereabouts in the other
direction. The shaft C is provided with a cam piece C having two faces C₁, C' (see
Figure 13) one of which C' acts on the bar or rod K of the admission counting device,
and the other C' acts on the corresponding bar or rod K of the exit counting device.
The two counting devices are similar in their construction and action so that the
description of the device that counts the number of admissions will apply also to
the exit counter. The rod K is mounted to slide in suitable guides and is pressed
against the cam piece C' by a spring K². K³ is a spring pawl carried by the
rod K and adapted to engage with a ratchet wheel L as shewn. The said
ratchet wheel L is provided with a suitable number of teeth, one hundred for
example, and is graduated on its exposed flat face. L' is a stationary pointer
which registers units. Below the wheel L is another toothed wheel M¹ (see
Figure 14) having say one hundred and one teeth; its boss projects through the
centre of the wheel L and is furnished with a pointer M to register hundreds on
an inner graduated circle on the upper face of the wheel L. The pawl K³
engages with the teeth of both wheels L, M and rotates them simultaneously;
since however the wheel M' has one tooth more than the wheel L it follows that

page_text: when the latter wheel has completed one revolution, the: wheel M will be a tooth
short of completing its revolution and hence the pointer M will have travelled one
division over the scale and will register one hundred thereon.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows, that is to say, when the gate B is
pushed open to admit a person, the shaft C is rotated through a right angle or
thereabouts and the cam face C' say slides the red K in its bearings against the
force of the spring K2 thus causing the pawl K³ to turn the wheels L, M₁ one
tooth forward, thereby registering one unit. When the gate B closes, the cam face
recedes from the rod K and the latter is returned to its initial position by the
spring K².
A suitable spring pawl L2 prevents the backward rotation of the
wheel L when the pawl K³ is drawn back over the ratchet teeth by the return of
the rod K.
If the gates B be moved in the opposite direction the cam face C³ operates to
move the rod K¹ which controls the other indicator and thus the number of persons
passing out are registered. In some instances instead of applying the indicator
direct to the shaft C I place it some distance away from the gates, on a wall for
example, and operate it by a shaft I Figures 9 and 15 on which is fixed a
crank Figure 9 connected by a link H' with one of the cranks C³.
n³.
My improved device for permitting the conductor or other official to pass
through the gates without being registered is shewn in Figures 4 and 11. N, Nare
electromagnets which are energized when a current flows in the circuit n, n', n²,
The said circuit includes a suitable battery and terminates in two insulated comb
shaped bars N1 N2 between which extend the teeth of another insulated comb
shaped bar N³ (see Figure 4). The said bars N' N2 N3 form a foot plate. The
armatures of the said electromagnets are formed by the spring pawls K³. The
gate keeper or other official who should be able to pass through the gates without
affecting the registering apparatus has metallic plates fixed on the soles of his
boots and when he steps with both feet on the plates N1, N2 in passing the gates
the circuit n, n', n², n³ is completed; the magnets N, N then become energized
and attract their respective armatures, whereupon the pawls K³ are withdrawn
from their ratchet wheels. Hence although the gate is moved and the shaft C
rotated, neither of the ratchet wheels is operated and the marking pointers do
not move.
It is necessary for the gate keeper to place both feet on the foot plate as there
are two gaps in the circuit viz. the gap between N' and N and that between N'
and N³ both of which must be simultaneously bridged over to complete the circuit.
Hence it will not be possible for the attendant to pass any friend through without
affecting the register because when he has both feet in position to complete the
circuit his body will entirely block the passage through the gates. At the same
time, the stepping plates are so conveniently placed that the attendant cannot fail
to withdraw the operating pawls before opening the gate.
I will now describe the arrangements which I provide for indicating or marking
at a distant place the number of persons passing through the gates. Referring
now to Figure 12, O, O' are ratchet wheels having graduated dises and pointers
and other toothed wheels underneath arranged in the same manner as the ratchet
wheels L, M' hereinabove described. P, P are rods mounted between rollers p
and provided with spring pawls 02, 03 adapted to engage with the ratchet
wheels O O The rods P, P are pressed towards each other by pivoted shaped
levers P2, P furnished with adjustable weights P³, P³ as shewn. 01, 0* are
spring pawls which prevent a return movement of the ratchet wheels.
rods P, P are separated by a pendulum Q which constitutes the armature for the
electromagnets K, R'. The coils of the said electromagnets are united at r and
joined to earth. Figure 11 is a wire joined to two springs S, S¹ on opposite
sides of the shaft C. The said springs are furnished with projections or pawls S², S
which engage with the teeth of the ratchet wheels of the counting device so
that when the wheel L for example turns, the spring S is pushed away from the
wheel and caused to make contact with a point S* from which a wire is led to the
The

page_text: •
second terminal (Figure 12) of the electromagnet R of the distant counting or
registering device and closes the circuit of the said electromagnet whereupon
the said magnet is energized by the. battery contained in its circuit. The spring S
operates in a similar manner to close the circuit of the other electromagnet R' of
the distant counting device during the movement of the other ratchet wheel of the
counting device at the gate.
The
Therefore when any person is admitted at the gate and the ratchet wheel L is
operated, the circuit of the electromagnet R is closed by the spring S.
pendulum is then attracted by the electromagnet R and is thus drawn aside and
caused to slide the rod P between its rollers. This movement of the rod operates
through the pawl 02 and causes the wheel O to turn one division further and thus
register another admission. As soon as the movement of the wheel L is completed.
the spring S breaks the circuit of the electromagnet R.
In a similar manner when the other wheel of the counting device moves during
the exit of any person, the circuit of the electromagnet R' is closed and the
pendulum Q is attracted with the ultimate effect of moving the wheel O' which
thereupon registers a departure.
The battery is connected to the wire ¹ (Figure 11) which wire is common to
the circuits of both electromagnets R R'. The springs S, S₁ are electrically
connected together.
I prefer to place an electric bell or other signalling device in the circuit that
is closed by the attendant when he steps on the foot plate between the gates so as
to afford an audible indication of the fact that the attendant is passing through.
The same signal would be given were any unauthorized person to succeed in passing,
through without affecting the indicator and by this means the attendant would be
notified of the fact in time to rectify the mistake or stop the intruder.
instances a separate signalling circuit is provided which is closed by the movement
of the spring pawl K when the latter is drawn back by its electromagnet.
In some
It will be readily observed from the foregoing description that the register at the
central or distant office is operated only when the counting device at the gate
operates.
The aforesaid checking device may be placed at any station however distant
from the gates and will operate as a check on the instrument at the gates; it will
also serve to show the manager or proprietor for example how many people are
passing through the gates at any time.
As
I sometimes modify the counting device so that the wheel which registers the
hundreds is only moved when the hundredth person passes through the gates.
This modification is shown in Figures 15 and 16. In this instance the driving
pawl K³ does not engage with the lower or back wheel M' but only with the upper
or units wheel L. The latter wheel is furnished with a projection Q on its lower
face which projection passes once each revolution of the wheel under a latch Q!
pivoted at 2 and raises the said latch against the pressure of its spring Q³.
soon as the projection has passed from under the hooke end of the latch the latter
is forced inward again by its spring. To the latch Qis pivoted a pawl Q that
engages with the teeth of the wheel M being maintained in engagement by a
spring Q. When the latch Q' is raised as aforesaid by the projection Qit carries
the pawl Q back over one tooth of the wheel M¹, and then when the lateh Q¹ is
released and forced inward by its spring the paw! Q operates to turn the wheel M¹
through one tooth and thereby registers one hundred more on the dial.
The rod Figure 15 is connected with and controlled by the shaft C of the
gate.
1
The apparatus shown in Figures 17 to 19 is a double turnstile intended for
parks, exhibitious, museums and the like. The heads of the turnstiles are provided
with three arms T which construction allows the shafts C to be brought closer
together than would be possible with four arms, while at the same time affording
increased width of opening or passage at the front and back of the gate as clearly
shown in Figure 17. On each shaft C near the foot thereof is fixed a cam piece Co
'

page_text: having three angular shaped projections that fit in corresponding recesses in
a stationary cam piece secured to the frame. When the shafts C are turned in
either direction from their position of rest, the cains C° operate to raise the
inrnstile bodily and then lower it again as the next arm blocks the passage.
By this means the turnstiles are brought to rest with their arms across the
passage. The counting device which is similar to that shown in Figure 11 is
placed under the top plate of the turnstile frame; its sliding bar K is however
operated through a lever W pivoted at W1 (Fig. 21). The said lever projects
through a slot K8 (Fig. 22) in the bar or rod K so that when it is turned in
one direction it moves the bar K and operates the counter, but when it is turned
in the other direction it does not affect the bar K because of the slot K8. The outer
end of the lever W is controlled by the upper triangular shaped end of the shaft C
shown clearly in Figure 20. When the said shaft is rotated in one direction each
corner of the triangular shaped end of the shaft successively turns the lever W and
operates the bar K, and when the said shaft C is rotated in the other direction it
still operates to turn the lever but the latter does not affect the bar K.
I provide two counting devices, one on each turnstile. One of these is arranged
to be operated when the turnstile is turned in one direction and therefore registers
admissions say, and the other is operated when the turnstile is rotated in the other
direction and therefore registers the persons passing out.
To keep the turnstiles in unison they are geared together by a chain V Figure 18
that engages with a chain wheel on the foot of one of the shafts C and with
another chain wheel on a short countershaft carrying a wheel V₁ geared to the
other shaft C.
In lieu of this chain connection I sometimes connect the shafts C by the link H
shown in Figure 10. This link is connected to cranks C³ on the shafts C and is
slotted at H2 and works on a pin J fixed in the base of the apparatus.
By my invention I effect a saving of capital or working expenses by enabling the
staff of officials or attendants employed in issuing and collecting tickets or checks,
and receiving the entrance fees or fares, to be reduced, and that class of officials,
who have been hitherto appointed to examine, check and countersign tickets, and
who are generally called "inspectors," to be altogether dispensed with; and a
further saving will result from the fact that this device enables the proprietor or
management to avoid the necessity of providing, at a considerable cost, special
checks or slips for the prevention of fraud.
My invention is also particularly adapted to operate in connection with electrical
railways, wherein the current is sent through conducting wires and coils, as the
counting device, in addition to recording the number of travellers in the vehicle
itself, can as hereinabove described simultaneously make the same records at some
permanent office, station, or additional check device, electrically connected with the
vehicle or car. The number of persons who have entered the car up to any given
moment, and of those who have alighted, and consequently of those who are still
travelling at the time under consideration, may be therefore readily ascertained at
the station, office or place where the duplicate device is stationed. The device
may also be used at exhibitions, theatres and other similar establishments, so
that a permanent record is kept at the station or counting house as well as at
the gates, of all the persons who have entered and left, and of those who still remain
in the building or establishment in question.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
:-
1. In a gate of the kind described the provision of a spring (G) contained in the
rings supporting the auxiliary gates, substantially as described with reference to
Figure 8 of the accompanying drawings, and operating as specified.
2. The notches D2, D3 in the auxiliary gates in combination with the stops or
projections F, F³ substantially as and for the purpose specified.

page_text: 3. The means for causing the shafts of the gates or turnstiles to rotate in opposite
directions as described with reference to Figure 9 or to Figure 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. The stepping plates with comb-shaped terminals, substantially as described
with reference to Figure + for the purpose specified.
5. The improved counting or registering device constructed and operating sub-
stantially as described with reference to Figure 11 or to Figures 21 and 22 of the
accompanying drawings.
6. The combination with the counting or registering device claimed in the
preceding claiming clause of a checking device constructed and operated
substantially as described with reference to Figure 12 of the accompanying
drawings.
7. The improved means for advancing the second wheel of the counting device at
the completion of cach revolution of the first wheel thereof, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 15 and 16.
8. The gate constructed substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 to 8
and operating as specified.
9. The turnstile constructed substantially as described with reference to
Figures 17 to 20 and operating as specified.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1895
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.