Improvements in Vapor Burning Apparatus and in Means for Distributing Liquid Hydrocarbon thereto.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 27th Aug., 1898- Accepted, 19th Nov., 1898
Improvements in Vapor Burning Apparatus and in Means for
Distributing Liquid Hydrocarbon thereto.
I, ARTHUR KITSON, 1050 Drexel Building of Philadelphia, in the County of and
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Civil Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:
:―
My invention relates to vapor burners and to means or apparatus for distributing
oil or other liquid hydrocarbon thereto.
The common forin of such vapor burners is a lamp which burns vaporized kerosene
oil when mixed with the proper quantity of air.
One construction of vapour burner according to my invention comprises a self
contained table lamp in which the oil is contained in a reservoir near the base of the
lamp, as in ordinary cases, and is forced up through a vaporizing tube over the flame
of the lamp by compressed air which has been forced into the reservoir when the lamp
is filled. In this and all other forms of vapor burners according to my invention I
prefer to use a mantle of refractory material which will be rendered incandescent by
the heat of the flame. An instance of such mantle is the well known Welsbach
mantle. The said vapour burner which is illustrated in Sheet 1 of the accompanying
drawings, also possess certain features of location and arrangement of the vaporizing
tube and its accessories, which are common to other forms hereinafter to be described.
Principal among these is the locating of the vaporizing tube directly over the incan-
descent mantle, and preferably across the opening formed in the centre of the reflector
which concentrates the heat upon the vaporizing tube and compels all the hot gases
of combustion and heated currents of gas and air to pass around said tube on their
way up out of the lamp.
A second form of vapor burner according to my invention, illustrated in Figs. 4 to 7
inclusive, comprises a hanging lamp employing two or more burners with their
co-operating mantles, the said burners being arranged in a line and the vaporizing
tube being placed directly over them and parallel to the line of the burners. In this
form of vapour burner the air drawn in by the jet of vapour to produce a
combustible mixture of air and vapor, is first heated in a regenerating chainber over
the mantles. In this form of burner I employ a special arrangement of refractory
non-conducting material which is located on each side of the vaporizing tube, and
become incandescent and act as a reservoir of heat to steady the action of the
vaporizing apparatus, in case of variations in the flame produced by air currents or
the like.
A third form of vapour burner according to my invention, illustrated in Figs. 8
and 9,resembles the second form in general features, except that it is arranged to be

page_text: mounted on a gas fixture so that the gas may be employed to heat the vaporizing
tube to the necessary temperature for starting the lamp, in place of using an alcohol
flaine, which is necessary with the first and second forms of burners hereinbefore
referred to.
A fourth form of vapour burner according to my invention is illustrated on Sheet 4.
This burner is also designed to be mounted on a gas bracket, and the vaporizing tube not
only passes over the top of the mantle but up and down the opposite sides thereof,
thus also serving as a support for the said mantle and for the heat reflector over the
same.
A fifth form of vapor burner according to my invention is illustrated in Sheet 5.
In it the vaporizing tube is located within the incandescent mantle, and has a reservoir
for the vapor in its upper end.
A sixth and slightly different form of vapour burner is illustrated in Sheet 6, being
a hanging lamp of special arrangement of parts.
In Sheet 7 I have illustrated a special system and apparatus for distributing oil
under pressure to a number of vapour burners or lamps of any of the forms above
referred to.
Reterring to the several figures of the drawing in their numerical order:
Fig. 1 shows partly in side elevation and partly in section, a lamp of the kind first
herein referred to, portions thereof being broken away.
Fig.2 is a detail view of the alcohol cup and skeleton extension used for supporting
the globe.
Fig. 3 is a detail cross section of my improved form of reflector with vaporizing
tube mounted therein.
Fig. 4 shows partly in side elevation and partly in section, the second form of lamp
hereinbefore referred to and the first form of hanging lamp.
Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional detail views thereof, and
Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 4 looking upward.
Fig. 8 shows partly in side elevation and partly in section the first form of gas
bracket lamp, herein before referred to, and
Fig. 9 is a detail view thereof showing the strainer in the vaporizing tube, a
construction which is common to all forms of lamp.
Fig. 10 shows in vertical section the second forin of gas bracket lamp hereinbefore
referred to, which is provided with a U-shaped vaporizing tube, and
Fig. 11 is a detail showing the mounting of the heat reflector on the said vaporizing
tube.
Fig. 12 shows in vertical section the third form of gas bracket lamp hereinbefore
referred to which is provided with a vaporizing tube arranged in the interior of the
incandescent mantle.
Fig. 13 shows partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, the second form
of hanging lamp hereinbefore referred to.
Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of my improved apparatus for distributing
liquid fuel under pressure to a series of burners of any practicable type.
Throughout the drawings like reference figures refer to like parts.
In the first form of lamp shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, 1 represents the standard
or base which rests upon the table, and on which the lamp is supported. 2 is the
main body or reservoir of the lamp which may be made of any convenient or artistic
form. 3 is the connection controlled by a valve or plug, through which the reservoir
or body of the lamp may be charged with oil. 4 is a second connection through
which the portion of the lamp body above the level of the oil 2ª, may be charged with
counpressed air by a foot pump, or by connection with any other supply of compressed
air. 5 is a valve or plug for opening and closing the said connection. 6 is a small
safety valve mounted on the said compressed air connection inside of the valve.
7 is the ordinary form of burner shown in detail in Figures 8 and 10. 8 is an
incandescent mantle which is preferably used in combination with said burner, being
sustained by any suitable support 8*. 19 is a skeleton or perforated extension or
flange on the alcohol cup 20 which surround the burner and may contain a body of

page_text: asbestos, 20, or other incombustible absorbent material. This skeleton extension 19
supports the globe 18, which is preferably made in cylindrical forn, although I use
the term globe, inasmuch as other forms of surrounding envelope may be employed.
This globe 18 is of glass or other translucent material.
9 is a supply tube which extends from nearly the bottom of the interior of the
reservoir or body 2 of the lamp up through the standard supporting the burner and
along the outer side of the globe 18 to one end of the vaporizing tube 10. This
vaporizing tube, with its needle valve 13, which will be hereinafter more fully
described, is adjustably mounted in the reflector 11, being held in place by the set
9 is a valve in the said supply tube 9, for shutting off the supply of oil
when the lamp is not in operation, and 28 is a strainer or filter therein.
screw 12.
14 is a curved mixing tube connected to and supported from the base of the
burner 7, and extending up to the upper portion of the lamp, where it terminates
opposite the nozzle of the vaporizing tube 10. The upper end of this mixing tube
is not attached to the upper portion of the lamp, and is preferably supported by a
sliding joint with the extremity of the vaporizing tube by means of the spider 15,
whose central boss slides freely on the said vaporizing tube. 16 represents a muffler or
small metal collar having a flange which encircles the mouth of the mixing tube for
breaking up the current of air drawn into the mixing tube by the jet of vapor from
the vaporizing tube, and so preventing the disagreeable hissing sound which is common
in this form of vapor lamp when not provided with some apparatus of this nature.
17 represents a small drip cock placed at the lower portion of the hollow base of the
burner for the purpose of drawing off any small amount of oil which may be dis-
charged from the mixing tube by unskilled manipulation of the apparatus.
21 represents a central exit opening in the reflector 11, for the passage of the hot
gases generated in the lamp. 22 22 represent two of several shade supports attached
also to the upper side of the reflector, and 23 is any convenient form of shade
mounted on the said supports and overhanging the upper portion of the apparatus.
24 is a chimney mounted on the said reflector 11, and over the central opening 21
therein. The said reflector is preferably provided with a lining of porcelain or similar
material 25, shown in Fig. 3, which will protect it from the destructive action of the
hot gases. The reflector may rest upon the upper end of the globe 18 by gravity,
but I prefer to rigidly hold the parts together by means of two or more rods 26,
which extend from the base or the burner up along the outside of the globe and
through the reflector, each being provided with a thumb-screw 27. By removing the
thumb screws the lamp may be quickly and easily taken apart.
In the second form of lamp illustrated in Figs. 4 to 7 inclusive, the parts marked
7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 24, have the same functions as parts similarly
marked on Sheet 1,and correspond thereto. The additional features of this construction
are as follows:-29, 29 represent branched inlet pipes to the vaporizing tube 14.
These inlet pipes all pass up through the plate 30, forming part of the reflector, and
are held in place by nuts 31, or other equivalent device. The plate 30 has two con-
centric flanges 35 and 36, which, together with a ring-shaped plate 37 placed on top
thereof, form a heating or regenerating chamber 32 for the air which is taken in
through the opening 33, and passes through the inlets 29 to the mixing tube 14.
A third flange 34 on the plate 30 co-operates with the flange 35 to form a socket
for the chimney 24, which is held in place by a spider 41, which is pressed downward
by means of a nut 42 on a hanging rod 43. The lower end of the hanging rod 43
is threaded and provided with one or more threaded nuts 40, which grasp the central
boss 39 of a spider 38, which is attached to the flange 34. Thus the lamp is suspended
from the hanging rod 43.
45 is a lug projecting from the under side of the reflector 11 and serving to support
one end of the vaporizing tube 10. 46 is a strainer arranged in the said vaporizing
tube and composed of a double spider 48 (Fig. 9) packed with asbestos or other
fibrous refractory material, indicated by 47. This strainer prevents the oil escaping
from the vaporizing tube until it has been converted into vapor. The needle valve 13

page_text: in this construction, is operated by means of a valve wheel 50 mounted on the
threaded plug 49, which is screwed into the end of the vaporizing tube 10.
51, 51 represent plates fastened to the under side of the reflector 11 and so as to
leave the central opening 21 between them. From these plates depend vertical
flanges 52, 52, which are turned inwardly at the bottom in lip shaped flanges 53, 53.
(Fig. 5). The construction thus described serves to support on either side of the
central opening and the vaporizing tube 10, a wall of refractory absorbent material 53,
such as asbestos fibre.
In the third form of lamp illustrated in Fig. 8, the parts marked 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10,
11, 13, 14, 32, 33, 46, 49 and 50 correspond to similar parts in my second form of
lamp and have the same functions.
The burner 7 has two pieces of wire gauze 54 and 55 stretched across it, and this
construction is common to all forms of my lamp, although specially illustrated only
in Figures 8 and 10.
56 represents a special form of pillar which is attached to the gas fixture 59, the
ordinary pillar and tip being removed. In this pillar 56 is mounted a nozzle 57,
having a perforation 58, for the passage of a small quantity of gas therethrough.
60 represents the inner shell and 61 the outer concentric shell of the combined
reflector, chimney and air regenerating chamber employed in this form of lamp. The
horizontal flange 62, uniting these two concentric shells, forms in conjunction with
these shells an annular heating or regenerating chamber 32 for the air, similar to
that described with reference to Fig. 4. The tube 44, opposite to the mixing tube 14,
helps to support the upper portion of the lamp structure, and serves as a covering for
the oil supply tube 9.
The fourth form of lamp illustrated in Figures 10 and 11, has the parts 7, 8, 8*,
9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 49, 50 and 59, similar in function to parts similarly numbered
in the preceding figures of drawing.
The additional features of construction shown in this form of lamp consist of the
following:-
66 represents a heat reflector having a central opening 68 and mounted directly on
the U-shaped vaporizing tube 10, by means of the support 67. 69 is an alcohol cup
formed about the burner 7, and having the flange 65 for supporting the glass globe
18. The vaporizing tube 10 is made U-shaped, as shown, passing up one side of the
incandescent mantle 8 over the top thereof and down the other side so as to utilize a
greater proportion of the radiant heat of the said inantle. This U-shaped vaporizing
tube is mounted in the cup 69 by means of the nuts 70 and 71, 72 and 73: 70 and
73 are preferably extended so as to form unions or connections with the supply pipe
9, and the pipe 75 which conveys the oil vapor to the needle valve 13.
The vapor
discharged past the needle valve into the mixing tube 14, draws in air through the
openings 64, which are controlled and graduated by a perforated shifting ring 76.
The nozzle 77 is screwed on the gas pipe 59, and has a perforation 78 for the
passage of gas therethrough. 79 represents openings for air controlled and graduated
by a shifting ring 80. 81 is a projection from the mixing tube 14, which fits down
over the cap 77ª of the nozzle 77, and serves to support the burner and its
connections on the gas pipe.
In the fifth form of lamp illustrated in Fig. 12, the parts numbered 7, 8, 9, 10, 13,
14, 18, 24, 49, 50, 54, 55, 64, 65, 69, 76, 77, 77, 78, 79, 80 and 81, correspond to
the parts similarly numbered in preceding figures and drawings. The additional
features of construction consist of the parts of the vaporizing tube 10, which are the
inner vertical tube 82, the external concentric tube 83, and the enlarged portion 84,
at the upper end of said tube 83, which serves as a reservoir for the vapor.
The sixth form of lamp illustrated in Fig. 13, is in its general features of
construction and in its operation, similar to the second form of lamp (Figs. 45 and 6)
hereinbefore described, except that in place of a globe 18 such as shown in Fig. 1
there is used a hemispherical globe 85 having an opening 86 in the bottom thereof
for the admission of the necessary quantity of air; the mixing tube 14 is bent
upward in order to pass down through the chimney 24; and a deflector 87 for

page_text: preventing the hot current of gases from injuring the ceiling or other structure from
which the lamp is suspended is fixed upon the hanging rod 43.
In practice, a number of any one of the several constructions of.lainps comprising
the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth forms herein before described will be used in
a system for illuminating a large room or a number of smaller ones, and in order to
supply oil to all of them without having to be continually pumping up a large
quantity of compressed air, I employ the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 14, in which
88 represents a series of vapor burning lamps and 89 are supply pipes leading thereto
from the main supply pipe 9. 90 represents the oil reservoir which, on starting, is
filled up say to the level 91. 92 represents a pressure tank to which water is
supplied from some source of water pressure, such as a service pipe 93 through a
pipe 94 controlled by a valve 95. 96 represents the water line in the pressure tank
92 when the oil reservoir 90 is fully charged as shown. 97 is a connection through
which the upper part of the pressure tank may be charged with compressed air.
The air thus compressed, or compressed by the admission of water to the bottom of
the tank, passes through a pipe 98, provided with a safety check valve 99 controlled
by the float 100, into the upper portion of the oil reservoir, 90, a valve 101 controlling
the flow of air through the pipe 98.
102 is a drip can located at any convenient point but connected to the upper and
lower parts of the oil reservoir by connections having valves 103 and 104. The drip
can is on about the same level as the oil reservoir 90. It is connected with the
supply pipe 9, by the pipe 105, into which the drip cock 106 discharges when the
said cock is turned so as to shut off the pipe 9 from the oil reservoir 90.
107 is a blow off cock for the drip can. 108 is an opening through which the oil
reservoir may be charged with oil.
The method of operation of the burners or lamps hereinbefore described is as
follows:-
The oil reservoir being filled and charged with compressed air, either by hand or
by connection with a reservoir of compressed air, or by the apparatus illustrated in
Sheet 7, the vaporizing tube 10 is heated either by igniting a quantity of alcohol
placed in the cup surrounding the burner, or squirted into the mass of asbestos 53*
illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, or by turning on the gas in the arrangement illustrated
in Figs. 8, 10, and 12.
When the form of lamp mounted on the gas bracket shown in said Figures 10, and
11, is used, the air is admitted through the openings 79 to form a mixture of gas and
air, similar to that in the Bunsen burner, thus producing a hotter Hame than the
ordinary gas burner, and more quickly heating the vaporizing tube 10.
In Fig. 8 the air is admitted through the mixing tube 14, which connects with the
air inlet 33. The vaporizing tube 10 being heated to the necessary temperature, the
oil is admited to it through the supply pipe 9, by opening the valve 9. The vapor
forinel when the oil strikes the heated tube, passes on through the strainer 46, and
needle valve 13, issuing from the latter in a jet which is discharged into the mixing
tube 14, drawing with it the necessary quantity of air to form a combustible mixture,
which is burned in the burner 7, producing an intense heat. This heat keeps the
incandescent mantles 8 at the highest point of incandescence, and heats the
vaporizing tube 10, thus making the action of the lamp self-supporting after the
alcohol has been consumed, or the gas is shut off.
In the second and third forms of iny lamps the in-drawn air is first heated in the
regenerating chamber 32, thus adding to the heat of the flame.
In the first four forms of lamps hereinbefore described, the hot current of heated
gases and air is concentrated by the reflector 11, upon the vaporizing tube, and
compelled to pass through the opening 21 in the centre of the said reflector, whereby
they are brought into intimate contact with the said vaporizing tube, which extends
across the said opening.
In the construction shown in Fig. 10, radiant heat from the vertical sides of the
incandescent mantle is utilized by means of the vertical portions of the U-shaped
vaporizing tube 10 which are adjacent to the sides of the said mantle.

page_text: In the construction shown in Fig. 12, the stream of vaporized oil is superheated in
the reservoir 84 formed in the upper end of the tube 83, and the vaporization of said
oil is thus perfected.
I find in all forms of my lamp that so intense is the heat concentrated upon the
vaporizing tube by means of the special forms of apparatus employed, that the oil
vapor is turned into a fixed gas which will not condense even if passed through cold
pipes. This of course produces more intense combustion and a better light, and
obviates the possibility of oil condensing in the lower portions of the lanp, and
leaking out or clogging the action thereof.
In the system of distribution illustrated in Fig. 14, the pressure tank 92 should be
considerably larger than the oil reservoir 90. The necessary compression of air can
then be secured by closing the pressure tank, and admitting water which will rise
until the pressure of the entrapped air equals the pressure of the water supply system
in the service pipe 93. The compressed air passing through to the upper portion of
the oil reservoir 90, acts on the surface of the oil to force the same up through the
supply pipe 9, to the system of lamps. If when the oil gets low in the reservoir the
water should rise to nearly the top of the pressure tank 92, the float 100 will be lifted
and the safety check valve 99 closed, thus preventing the passage of water into the
oil reservoir.
When the oil is shut off from the lamps there is a considerable quantity thereof
usually left in the system of pipes. By means of the drip cock 106 and connection 105,
such oil is allowed to flow back into the drip can 102. When a sufficient quantity
has collected in the said drip can, so that the level of it is higher than the level of
oil in the oil reservoir 90, a portion thereof may be fed back into the oil reservoir by
opening the cocks 104 and 103, the blow-off cock 107 being closed. There being an
equality of pressure in the two chambers, the oil will flow from the drip can into the
oil reservoir until the same level is attained in each.
In cases where the oil reservoir 90 is opened to be re-charged with oil, the same
result can be attained by opening the blow-off 107, and the cock 104. In such
cases and whenever the oil reservoir is being re-charged, the stop cock 101 is of course
shut off.
It is evident that various changes could be made in the details of the lamps and
apparatus described and illustrated, without departing from the spirit and scope of
my invention. For instance, a different form of burner might be employed. In case
of burning a sufficiently rich hydrocarbon, the incandescent mantle might be omitted
and the remaining parts of the lamps would co-operate as before. Varying forms
may be given to the various elements of the structure so long as they co-operate in
the manner described.
Improvements in Vapor Burning Apparatus and in Means for
Distributing Liquid Hydrocarbon thereto,
I, ARTHUR KITSON, of 1,050 Drexel Buildings, Philadelphia, in the County of and
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to vapor burners and to means or apparatus for distributing
oil or other liquid hydrocarbɔn thereto.

page_text: The common form of such vapor burners is a lamp which burns vaporized kerosene
oil when mixed with the proper quantity of air.
One construction of vapour burner according to my invention comprises & self
contained table lamp in which the oil is contained in a reservoir near the base of the
lamp, as in ordinary cases, and is forced up through a vaporizing tube over the flame
of the lamp by compressed air which has been forced into the reservoir when the
lamp is filled. In this and all other forms of vapor burners according to my inven-
tion I prefer-to use a mantle of refractory material which will be rendered incandescent
by the heat of the flame. An instance of such mantle is the well known Welsbach
mantle. The said vapour burner which is illustrated in Sheet 1 of the drawings filed
with my Provisional Specification also possess certain features of location and arrange-
ment of the vaporizing tube and its accessories, which are common to other forins
hereinafter to be described. Principal among these is the locating of the vaporizing
tube directly over the incandescent inantle, and preferably across the opening formed
in the centre of the reflector which concentrates the heat upon the vaporizing tube
and compels all the hot gases of combustion and heated currents of gas and air to
pass around said tube on their way up out of the lamp.
A second form of vapor burner according to my invention, illustrated in Figs. 4
to 7 inclusive, comprises a hanging lamp employing two or more burners with their
co-operating mantles, the said burners being arranged in a line and the vaporizing
tube being placed directly over them and parallel to the line of the burners. In this,
form of vapor burner the air drawn in by the jet of vapor to produce a combustible
mixture of air and vapour, is first heated in a regenerating chamber over the mantles.
In this form of burner I employ a special arrangement of refractory non-conducting
material which is located on each side of the vaporizing tube, and becomes incan-
descent and acts a reservoir of heat to steady the action of the vaporizing apparatus,
in case of variations in the flame produced by air currents or the like.
A third form of vapour burner according to my invention, illustrated in Figs. 8
and 9, resembles the second form in general features, except that it is arranged to be
mounted on a gas fixture so that the gas may be employed to heat the vaporizing
tube to the necessary temperature for starting the lamp, in place of using an alcohol
flame, which is necessary with the first and second forins of burners hereinbefore
referred to.
A-fourth-form--of--vapour--burner--necording-to--my--invention--is-illustrated-ou
Sheet-4-This-burner-is-also-designed-to-be--mounted--on----gas--brackets-and-the
vaporizing-tube-not-only-passes-over--the--top--of--the-mantle--but-up-and-down-the
opposite-sides-thereof;-thus-also-serving-as-a-support-for-the-said-mantle-and-for-the
hent-reflector-over-the-same.
A-fifth form of vapor-burner-according--to-my-invention-is-illustrated-in Sheet-.
In-it-the-vaporizing tube-is-located-within-the-ineaudeseent mantle,-and-has-a-reser-
voir-for-the-vapour-in-its-upper-end.
A sixth and slightly different form of vapour burner is illustrated in Sheet 6, being
a hanging lamp of special arrangement of parts.
In Sheet 7 I have illustrated a special system and apparatus for distributing oil
under pressure to a number of vapour burners or lamps of any of the forms above
referred to.
It will of course be understood that the kerosine is in all cases supplied to the napor-
izing tube nader pressure, say one to three atmospheres above atmospheric pressure.
Referring to the several figures of the drawing in their numerical order:
Fig. 1 shows partly in side elevation and partly in section, a lamp of the kind first
herein referred to, portions thereof being broken away.
Fig. 2 is a detail view of the alcohol cup and skeleton extension used for supporting
the globe.
Fig. 3 is a detail cross section of my improved form of reflector with vaporizing
tube mounted therein.
Fig. 4 shows partly in side elevation and partly in section, the second form of lamp
hereinbefore referred to and the first form of hanging lamp.

page_text: Figs. 5 and 6 are sectional detail views thereof, and
Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on the line 7-7 of Fig. 4 looking upward.
Fig. 8 shows partly in side elevation and partly in section the first form of gas
bracket lamp, herein before referred to, and
Fig. 9 is a detail view thereof showing the strainer in the vaporizing tube, a con-
struction which is common to all forms of lamp.
Fig.
10-shows-in-vertical-section--the--second--form-of-gas-bracket-lamp-herein
before-referred-to,-which-is-provided-with-a-U-shaped-raporizing-tube,-and
Fig-1-is-a-detail-showing-the-mounting-of-the-heat-reflector-on-the-said-vapor-
izing-tube.
Fig. 12-shows-in-vertical-section-the-third-form-of-gas-bracket-lamp-heroinbefore
referred-to-which-is-provided-with-a-vaporizing-tube-arranged-in-the-interior-of-the
ineandescent-mantle.
Fig. 13 shows partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, the second
form of hanging lamp hereinbefore referred to.
Fig. 14 is a diagrammatic representation of my improved apparatns for distributing
liquid fuel under pressure to a series of burners of any practicable type.
Throughout the drawings like reference figures refer to like parts,
In the first forin of lamp shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, 1 represents the standard
or base which rests upon the table, and on which the lamp is supported. 2 is the
main body or reservoir of the lamp which may be made of any convenient or artistic
form. 3 is the connection controlled by a valve or plug, through which the reservoir
or body of the lamp may be charged with oil. 4 is a second connection through
which the portion of the lamp body above the level of the oil 2, may be charged
with compressed air by a foot pump, or by connection with any other supply of com-
pressed air. 5 is a valve or plug for opening and closing the said connection. 6 is a
small safety valve mounted on the said compressed air connection inside of the valve.
7 is the ordinary form of burner shown in detail in Figures. 8. and-10. 8 is an
incandescent mantle which is preferably used in combination with said burner, being
sustained by any suitable support 8*. 19 is a skeleton or perforated extension or
flange on the alcohol cup 20 which surrounds the burnor and may contain a body of
asbestos 20", or other incombustible absorbent material. The skeleton extension.19
supports the globe 18, which is preferably made in cylindrical form, although I use
the term globe, inasmuch as other forms of surrounding envelope may be employed.
This globe 18 is of glass or other translucent material.
9 is a supply tube which extends from nearly the bottom of the interior of the
reservoir or body 2 of the lamp up through the standard supporting the burner and
along the outer side of the globe 18 to one end of the vaporizing tube 10. This
vaporizing tube, with its needle valve 13, which will be hereinafter more fully described,
is adjustably mounted in the reflect or 11, being held in place by the set screw 12. 9°
is a valve in the said supply tube 9, for shutting off the supply of oil when the lamp
is not in operation, and 28 is a strainer or filter therein.
14 is a curved mixing tube connected to and supported from the base of the burner7,
and extending up to the upper portion of the lamp, where it terminates opposite the
nozzle of the vaporizing tube 10. The upper end of this mixing tube is not attached
to the upper portion of the lamp, and is preferably supported by a sliding joint with
the extremity of the vaporizing tube by means of the spider 15, whose central boss
slides freely on the said vaporizing tube. 16 represents a muffler or small metal
collar having a flange which encircles the mouth of the mixing tube for breaking up
the current of air drawn into the mixing tube by the jet of vapor from the vaporizing
tube, and so preventing the disagreeable hissing sound which is common in this form
of vapor lamp when not provided with some apparatus of this nature. 17 represents
a small drip cock placed at the lower portion of the hollow base of the burner for the
purpose of drawing off any small amount of oil which may be discharged from the
inixing tube by unskilled manipulation of the apparatus.
21 represents a central exit opening in the reflector 11, for the passage of the hot
gases generated in the lamp. 22, 22, represent two of several shade supports attached

page_text: also to the upper side of the reflector, and 23 is any convenient form of shade mounted
on the said supports and overhanging the upper portion of the apparatus.
24 is a
chimney mounted on the said reflector 11, and over the central opening 21 therein.
The said reflector is preferably provided with a lining of porcelain or similar
material 25, shown in Fig. 3, which will protect it from the destructive action of the
hot gases. The reflector may rest upon the upper end of the globe 18 by gravity,
but I prefer to rigidly hold the parts together by means of two or more rods 26, which
extend from the base of the burner up along the outside of the globe and through the
reflector, each being provided witht a humb-screw 27. By removing the thumb
screws the lamp may be quickly and easily taken apart.
In the second form of lamp illustrated in Figs. 4 to 7 inclusive the parts
marked 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21,24 have the same functions as parts similarly
marked on Sheet 1, and correspond thereto. The additional features of this construc-
tion are as follows:-29,29 represent branched inlet pipes to the vaporizing tube 14.
These inlet pipes all pass up through the plate 30, forining part of the reflector, and
are held in place by nuts 31, or other equivalent device. The plate 30 has two con-
centric flanges 35 and 36, which, together with a ring-shaped plate 37 placed on top
thereof, form a heating or regenerating chamber 32 for the air which is taken in
through the opening 33, and passes through the inlets 29 to the mixing tube 14.
A third flange 34 on the plate 30 co-operates with the flange 35 to form a socket
for the chimney 24, which is held in place by a spider 41, which is pressed downward
by means of a nut 42 on a hanging rod 43. The lower end of the hanging rod 43 is
threaded and provided with one or more threaded nuts 40, which grasp the central
boss 39 of a spider 38, which is attached to the flange 34. Thus the lamp is suspended
from the hanging rod 43.
45 is a lug projecting from the under side of the reflector 11 and serving to support
one end of the vaporising tube 10. 46 is a strainer arranged in the said vaporizing
tube and composed of a double spider 48 (Fig. 9) packed with asbestos or other
fibrous refractory material, indicated by 47. This strainer prevents the oil escaping
from the vaporizing tube until it has been converted into vapor. The needle valve 13
in this construction, is operated by means of a valve wheel 50 mounted on the threaded
plug 49, which is screwed into the end of the vaporizing tube 10.
51, 51 represent plates fastened to the under side of the reflector 11 and so as to
leave the central opening 21 between them. From these plates depend vertical
flanges 52, 52, which are turned inwardly at the bottom in lip shaped flanges 53, 53,
(Fig. 5). The construction thus described serves to support on either side of the
central opening and the vaporizing tube 10,a wall of refractory absorbent material 53ª,
such as asbestos fibre.
An important feature of the construction shownjin Figure 8, is the fastening of the
vaporizing tube to the supporting frame, at or near the discharging end of the said
tube, only, and leaving the other end of the said tube free to move as the tube expands
and contracts under variations of temperature. It is essential that the discharge
opening of the vaporizing tube should always be at a fixed distance from the mouth of
the mixing tube so that the jet of vapor will always draw into the mixing tube just
the right quantity of air. This is secured by the above construction and at the same
time opportunity for expansion and contraction of the tube is provided.
In the third form of lamp illustrated in Fig. 8, the parts marked 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 11,
13, 14, 32, 33, 46, 49 and 50 correspond to similar parts in my second form of lamp
and have the same functions.
The burner 7 has two pieces of wire gauze 54 and 55 stretched across it, and this
construction is common to all forms of my lamp, although specially illustrated only in
Figures 8. and-10.
56 represents a special form of pillar which is attached to the gas fixture 59, the
ordinary pillar and tip being removed. In this pillar 56 is mounted a nozzle 57,
having a perforation 58, for the passage of a small quantity of gas therethrough.
60 represents the inner shell and 61 the outer concentric shell of the combined
reflector, chimney and air regenerating chamber employed in this form of lamp. The

page_text: horizontal flange 62, uniting these two concentric shells, forms in conjunction with
these shells an annular heating or regenerating chamber 32 for the air, similar to that
described with reference to Fig. 4. The tube 44, opposite to the mixing tube 14,
helps to support the upper portion of the lamp structure, and serves as a covering for
the oil supply tube 9.
The-fourth-form-of-lamp-illustrated-in-Figures-10-and-11;-has-the-parts--7,-8,-8';
9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 24, 40, 50,-and-50,-similar-in-function-to-parts--similarly--numbered
in-the-preeeding-figures-of-drawing.
The-additional-features-of-construction-shown-in-this-torm-of-lamp-consist-of-the
following:
66-represents-a-heat-reflector-having-a-central-opening-68-and-mounted--directly
on-the-U-shaped-vaporizing-tube-10,-by-means-of-the-support-67-60-is-an-alcohol
eup-formed-about-the-burner-7,-and-having-the-fiange-65-for-supporting--the--glass
globe-18: The-vaporizing-tube-10-is-made-U-shaped, as-shown,-passing-up-one-side
utilize-a-greater-proportion-of-the-radiant-heat-of-the-said-mantle. This U-shaped
of-the-ineandescent-mantle-8-over-the-top--thereof-and-down-the-other-side-so-as-to
vaporizing-tube-is-mounted-in-the-eup--60--by--means--of--the--nuts--70-and--71-72
and-73 70-and-73-are-preferably-extended-so-as--to-form--unions--or--connections
with-the-supply-pipe-0,-and-the-pipe-75-which-eonveys-the-oil-vapor-to--the--needle
valve-13-The-vapor-discharged-past-the-needle-valve--into--the--mixing--tube--14,
draws-in-air-through-the-openings-64,-which-are--controlled--and--graduated--by--a
perforated-shifting-ring-76.
The-nozzle-77-is-screwed-on-the-gas-pipe-50,-and-has--a-perforation--78--for--the
passage of gas therethrough.-70 represents-openings-for-air-controlled-and-graduated
by-a-shifting ring 80.-These-special-air-openings-may-be-emitted-and-the-air-supply
projection-from-the-mixing-tube-14, which-fits--down--over--the--eap--77--of--the
drawn-through-the-mixing-tube,-as-in-the-construction--shown--in--Fig.-S.-81-is-a
nozzle-77;-and-serves-to-support-the-burner-and-its-connections-on-the-gas-pipe.
In-the-fifth-form-of-lamp-illustrated-in-Fig.-12,-the--parts--numbered-7,-,-0,-10;
13, 14;-18,-24;-40,-50,- 54,-00,-61,-65,-60,-76, 77,-77,-78,-79,-89-and-81-correspond-to
the parts-similarly-numbered-in-precoding-figures--and--drawings. The-additional
features--of-construction-consist-of--the-parts-of-the--vaporizing-tube-10,-which-are
the-inner--vertical-tube--82,-the--external--concentrie--tube--83;-and--the--enlarged
portion-84;-at-the-upper-end-of-said-tube-83;--which--s
vapor.
--sørves--as--a--reservoir-for-the
The sixth form of lamp illustrated in Fig 13, is in its general features of construc-
tion and in its operation, similar to the second form of lamp (Figs. 4, 5 and 6) herein-
before described, except that in place of a globe 18 such as shown in Fig. I there is
used a hemispherical globe 85 having an opening 86 in the bottom thereof for the
admission of the necessary quantity of air; the mixing tube 14 is bent upward in
order to pass down through the chimney 24; and a deflector 87 for preventing the
hot current of gases from injuring the ceiling or other structure from which the lamp
is suspended is fixed upon the hanging rod 43.
In practice, a number of or any one of the several constructions of lamps com-
prising the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth, forms hereinbefore described will
be used in a system for illuminating a large room or a number of smaller ones, and in
order to supply oil to all of them without having to be continually pumping up a large
quantity of compressed air, I employ the apparatus illustrated in Fig. 14, in which 88
represents a series of vapor burning lamps and 89 are supply pipes leading thereto
from the main supply pipe 9. 90 represents the oil reservoir which, on starting, is
filled up say to the level 91. 92 represents a pressure tank to which water is supplied
from some source of water pressure, such as a service pipe 93 through a pipe 94 con-
trolled by a valve 95.. 96 represents the water line in the pressure tank 92 when the
oil reservoir 90 is fully charged as shown. 97 is a connection through which the
upper part of the pressure tank may be charged with compressed air. The air thus
coinpressed, or compressed by the admission of water to the bottom of the tank,
passes through a pipe_98, provided with a safety check valve 99 controlled by the

page_text: float 100, into the upper portion of the oil reservoir, 90, a valve 101 controlling the
How of air through the pipe 98.
102 is a drip can located at any convenient point but connected to the upper and
lower parts of the oil reservoir by connections having valves 103 and 104. The drip
can is on about the same level as the oil reservoir 90. It is connected with the supply
pipe 9, by the pipe 105, into which the drip cock 106 discharges when the said cock
is turned so as to shut off the pipe 9 from the oil reservoir 90.
107 is a blow off cock for the drip can. 108 is an opening through which the oil
reservoir may be charged with oil.
The method of operation of the burners or lamps herein before described is as
follows:-
The oil reservoir being filled and charged with compressed air, either by hand or by
connection with a reservoir of compressed air, or by the apparatus illustrated in
Sheet 7, the vaporizing tube 10 is heated either by igniting a quantity of alcohol
placed in the cup surrounding the burner, or squirted into the mass of asbestos 53°
illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, or by turning on the gas in the arrangement illustrated
in Figs: 8.-10-and-12.
When-the-form-of--lamp-mounted-on-the-gas-bracket-shown-in-said-Figures-10
and-11,-is-nsed--the-air--is--admitted--through-the-openings.70-to-form-a-mixture-of
gas--and--air-similar--to-that--in-the-Bansen-burner,-thus-producing-a-hotter-flame
than-the-ordinary-gas-burner,-and-more-quickly-heating-the-vaporizing-tube-10.
In Fig. 8 the air is admitted through the mixing tube 14, which connects with the
air inlet 33. The vaporizing tube 10 being heated to the necessary temperature, the
oil is admitted to it through the supply pipe 9, by opening the valve 9". The vapour
formed when the oil strikes the heated tube, passes on through the strainer 46, and
needle valve 13, issuing from the latter in a jet which is discharged into the mixing
tube 14, drawing with it the necessary quantity of air to form a combustible mixture,
which is burned in the burner 7, producing an intense heat. This heat keeps the
incandescent mantles 8 at the highest point of incandescence, and heats the vaporizing
tube 10, thus making the action of the lamp self-supporting after the alcohol has been
consumed, or the gas is shut off.
In the second and third forins of my lamps the in-drawn air is first heated in the
regenerating chamber 32, thus adding to the heat of the flame.
In the first three forms of lamps hereinbefore described, the hot current of heated
gases and air is concentrated by the reflector 11, upon the vaporizing tube, and com-
pelled to pass through the opening 21 in the centre of the said reflector, whereby
they are brought into intimate contact with the said vaporizing tube, which extends
across the said opening.
In-the-construction-shown-in-Fig:-10, radiant-heat-from-the-vertical--sides-of-the
incandescent-mantle-is-utilized-by-means-of-the-vertical-portions-of-the-U-shaped
vaporizing-tube-10-which-are-adjacent-to-the-sides-of-the-suid-mantle.
In-the-construction-shown-in-Fig. 12,--the--stream--of--vaporized--oil--is--super-
heated--in--the--reservoir--84--formed--in--the--upper--end-of--the--tube-83,-und-the
vaporization-of-said-oil-is-thus-perfeeted.
1-find-in-all-forms-of-my-lamp-that-so-intense-is-the-heat--concentrated-upon-the
vaporizing-tube-by-means-of-the--special-forms-of-apparatus-employed,-that-the-oil
vapeur-is-turned-into-a-fixed-gas-which-will-not-condense-even--if--passed--through
eold-pipes-This-of-course-produces-more-intense-combustion-and-a-better-light, and
obviates-the-possibility-of-oil-condensing-in-the-lower-portions--of--the--lamp;--and
leaking-out-or-elogging the action-thereof:
In the system of distribution illustrated in Fig. 14, the pressure tank 92 should be
considerably larger than the oil reservoir 90. The necessary compression of air can
then be secured by closing the pressure tank, and admitting water which will rise
until the pressure of the entrapped air equals the pressure of the water supply system
in the service pipe 93. The compressed air passing through to the upper portion of
the oil reservoir 90, acts on the surface of the oil to force the same up through the
supply pipe 9, to the system of lamps. If when the oil gets low in the reservoir the

page_text: water should rise to nearly the top of the pressure tank 92, the float 100 will he lifted
and the safety check valve 99 closed, thus preventing the passage of water into the oil
reservoir.
When the oil is shut off from the lamps there is a considerable quantity thereof
usually left in the system of pipes. By means of the drip cock 106 and connec-
tion 105, such oil is allowed to flow back into the drip can 102. When a sufficient
quantity has collected in the said drip can, so that the level of it is higher than the
level of oil in the oil reservoir 90, a portion thereof may be fed back into the oil
reservoir by opening the cocks 104 and 103, the blow-off cock 107 being closed. There
being an equality of pressure in the two chambers, the oil will flow from the drip can
into the oil reservoir until the same level is attained in each.
In cases where the oil reservoir 90 is opened to be re-charged with oil, the same
result can be attained by opening the blow-off 107, and the cock 104. In such cases
and whenever the oil reservoir is being recharged, the stop cock 101 is of course shut
off.
I desire it to be understood that it is an essential feature of my invention so far
as relates to the vaporizing tube that it or the main operative part of it shall be
arranged substantially as hereinbefore described and as shown in the accompanying
drawings-that is to say across the path of the outflowing products of combustion in
proximity to the flame and horizontal or approximately horizontal and not vertical
or at a small angle to the vertical. And further that my invention relates solely to
apparatus for rendering mantles and the like incandescent by flames of vaporized
kerosine or similar burning oil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that, subject
to the above disclaiming note, what I claim is :-
:-
1. In a vapour-burning apparatus, the combination of the burner, vaporizing tube
and connections, the vaporizing tube being located within the heating zone of the
burner, together with a mass of absorbent non-conducting refractory material arranged
adjacent to the vaporizing tube, but leaving space for the passage of the gases of
combustion around said tube, and between it and the refractory material, substantially
as described.
2. In a vapour burning apparatus a vaporizing tube and connections, and a mass of
absorbent non-conducting refractory material arranged on opposite sides of said tube,
so as to leave space between it and the refractory material for the passage of hot
gases, and along a considerable portion of the length of said tube, substantially as
described.
3. In combination with the lamp hood and the central opening therein, of the
plates which partly close said opening, and have depending parallel flanges supporting
inasses of non-conducting refractory fibrous material, and the vaporizing tube located
between said flanges and parallel thereto, substantially as described.
4. A vapour burning attachment for gas fixtures, composed of the combination of a
vaporizing tube supported over said fixture, a mixing tube extending froin a point in
front of the end of the vaporizing tube to the burner, the burner mounted on the gas
fixture, and a passage way discharging gas into said burner, substantially as described.
5. A vapour burning attachment for gas fixtures, composed of the combination of a
vaporizing tube supported over said fixtures, a mixing tube extending from a point in
front of the end of the vaporizing tube to the burner, the burner mounted on the gas
fixture, and a passage way discharging gas into said burner, together with the air
regenerating chamber, over said fixture and communicating with the mixing tube,
substantially as described.
6. A vapour burning attachment for gas fixtures, composed of the combination of a
vaporizing tube supported over said fixture, a mixing tube extending from a point in
front of the end of the vaporizing tube to the burner, the burner mounted on the gas
fixture, and a passage way discharging gas into said burner, together with the air

page_text: regenerating chamber over said fixture and communicating with the mixing tube, and
the incandescent mantle supported over said burner, substantially as described.
7. A vapour burning attachment for gas fixtures, composed of the burner mounted
on the fixture, the vaporizing tube above, the two oppositely arranged upwardly ex-
tending tubes supporting the same, one of which tubes conducts the oil to the
vaporizing tube, while the other serves as a mixing tube conducting the air and vapor
to the burner, and the passageway in said burner for gas, substantially as described.
8. In a vapour burning lamp the combination of burner and connections, the incan-
descent inantle therefor, the translucent globe surrounding said incandescent mantle,
the reflector mounted over said burner and fastened to said globe, and having a central
opening for the passage of the hot gases, and the vaporizing tube extending across.
said opening, substantially as described.
9. In a vapor burning lamp the combination of the burner and connections,
the incandescent mantle, the globe surrounding said mantle and open to the air.
at the bottom, the reflector which has a central opening for the passage of hot gases,
the outer circumference of which reflector fits over the top of said globe, and the
vaporizing tube extending across the opening in said reflector, substantially as
described.
10. In a vapor burning lamp the combination of the burner and connections, the
incandescent inantle, the globe surrounding said mantle and open to the air at the
bottom, the reflector which has a central opening for the passage of hot
gases, the outer circumference of which reflector fits over the top of said globe,
and the vaporizing tube extending across the opening in said reflector, together
with the chimney mounted on said reflector over said opening, substantially as
described.
11. In a vapor burning lamp, the combination of the burner and connections, the
incandescent mantle, the globe surrounding said mantle and open to the air at the
bottom, the reflector which has a central opening for the passage of hot gases, the outer
circumference of which reflector fits over the top of said globe, and the vaporizing tube
extending across the opening in said reflector, together with the chimney mounted on
said reflector over said opening, the shade supports attached to said reflector and shade
supported thereon, substantially as described.
12. In a vapor burning lamp the combination of the burner and its connections,
the globe of translucent material surrounding said burner, the chimney mounted
above said globe, and the vaporizing tube located between said globe and the chimney,
substantially as described.
13. In a vapor burning apparatus or attachment to a gas bracket, the com-
bination of the vapour burner, the vaporizing tube and connections, the gas tube
having a passageway admitting gas beneath said burner, and the surrounding
tube having air inlets admitting air to mix with said gas, substantially as
described.
14-A-vapour-burning-attachment-for-gas-fixtures,-consisting-of-the--combination
of a vaporizing-tube-supported-over said fixture;-a-mixing-tube-extending-from-a-point
in-front-of-the-end-of-the-vapourizing-tube-to-the-burner,-the-burner-mounted-on-the
gas-fixture,-and-a-passageway--discharging-gus--into--said--burner, substantially--as
deseribed:
15: The-combination-of-the-vapour-burner,-the-gas-bracket--on--which-it--is--sup-
ported-and-with-which-it-is-in-communication, the vapourizing-tube, the-short-mixing
tube-connected-to-the-base-of-the-burner, the-nozzle-in-said-tube-and-connections-from
the-vapourizing-tube-to-the-nozzle,-substantially-as-deseribed.
16.-The-combination of the vapour burner, the gas-bracket-on-which-it-is-supported
and-with-which it is in communication, the vaporizing tube, the-short-mixing-tube-een-
neeted-to-the-base-of-the-burners-and-having-air-inlets,-the-nozzle-and-valve-in-said
tube,-and-connections from the vaporizing-tube-to-the-nezzle, together with adjustable
means-for-controlling-the-air-inlets-to-said-mixing tube, substantially-as-described.
14. 17. In a vapour burning lamp the combination of the burner and its connec-
tions, the globe of translucent material surrounding said burner, the chimney mounted

page_text: above said globe, and the vapourizing tube located between said globe and the
chimney, together with the incandescent mantle for said burner substantially
as described."
18. The
combination-of-the-supporting-gas-bracket;--the-vapeur-burner--and--con-
nections-supported-thereon,-and-having-a-connection-with-the-interior--of--said--gus-
braeket,-the-incandescent-mantle,-and-the-vaporizing tube-leeated-within-the-mantle
and-coinciding-with-the-axis-thereof,-said-axis-being-a-vertical-line-from-the-point-of
attachment-to-the-gas-bracket,-substantially-as-deseribed:
10. The combination-of-the-supporting gas-bracket, the-vapour-burner-and-connee-
tions-supported thereon, and having-a-connection-with-the-interior-of-said gas-bracket,
the incandescentmantle, and the vapourizing-tube-located-within-the-mantle-and-coin-
eiding-with-the-axis-thereof;-said-axis-being-a-vertical-line-from-the-point-of-attach-
ment-to-the-gas-bracket-and-said--vapourizing-tube-having--an--enlargement-at--its
upper-end,-substantially-as-deseribed.
20:-In-a-vapeur-burning-apparatus-the-combination-of-the-burner,-the-supporting
trame,-the-mixing-tube-having-its-mouth-located--at--one-side-of--said--frame,--the
vapourizing-tube-mounted-in-the-frame;-extending-through--the-heating-zone-of-the
burner-and-diseharging-into-the-mixing-tube,-said-vapourizing-tube-being-fastened
in-the-frame-only-at-a-point-near-its-discharging-end, substantially-as-described.
15. 2. In a vapour burning lamp the combination of the vapour burner, the
incandescent mantle therefor, the vapourizing tube located immediately over said
mantle and in the path of the stream of hot gases ascending therefrom, and the
mixing tube extending from a point before the discharge opening of said vapour
vaporizing tube, to the vapour burner, substantially as described.
f turns 1908