IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COKING AND DISTILLING COAL
Year: 1884

page_text: I CHARLES ERNEST BELL of Park House Durham Mining Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
COKING AND DISTILLING COAL" to be as follows:-
My Invention is an improvement of the bee-hive coke oven, or other oven of
that description, whether round, rectangular, or oval. I can however apply my
Invention to any sort of oven or retort for making coke or distilling coal or other
minerals.
The walls of the oven instead of being solid, as is now usual, are in my
Invention flued, below and up to the line, where the coal comes when the oven is
loaded the flues may also be built against the walls or be attached to the walls of
the oven.
The flues are connected by a series of pipes to an exhauster or fan, the
flues may be vertical, horizontal or otherwise. I prefer them horizontal.
Between the oven and the exhauster or fan the pipes are connected with deposit
lutes, scrubbers, and other apparatus necessary to obtain the tar, oil, ammonia and
other products of distillation.
The oven is loaded and lighted in the ordinary way; the exhauster or fan draws
the gases through the pipes, scrubbers and other apparatus where the gases deposit
tar, oil, ammonia and other products; after which the gases are returned into the
oven to be consumed.
The pipes connecting the flues with the exhauster or fan are fitted with valves
or taps to regulate the draught and in case of need to shut off each flue in succession
as the zone of combustion passes it.
The object of my Invention is to obtain tar, oil, ammonia and other by-products
which are now consumed and wasted.
It is of great importance that the gases should be drawn away from points near
the zone of combustion otherwise some of the valuable products are not obtained.
Dated this 2nd day of January 1884.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I CHARLES ERNEST BELL of Park House, Durham, Mining Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
COKING AND DISTILLING COAL " and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention is an improvement of the Beehive coke oven or other oven of that
description whether round rectangular or oval. I can however apply my Invention
to any sort of oven for making coke or distilling coal or other minerals.
The walls of the oven instead of being solid as is now usual are in my Invention
flued below and up to the line where the coal comes when the oven is loaded, the
flues may also be built against the walls or be attached to the walls of the oven.
The flues are connected by a series of pipes to an exhauster or fan, the flues may
be vertical horizontal or otherwise. I prefer them horizontal.
Between the oven and the exhauster or fan the pipes are connected with deposit
lutes, scrubbers and other apparatus necessary to obtain the tar, oil, ammonia and
other products of distillation.
The oven is loaded and lighted in the ordinary way, the exhauster or fan draws
the gases through the pipes scrubbers and other apparatus where the gases deposit
tar, oil, ammonia and other products, after which the gases are returned into the
oven to be consumed.
The pipes connecting the flues with the exhauster or fan are fitted with valves
or taps to regulate the draught and in case of need to shut off each flue in succession
as the zone of combustion or carbonization passes it.
The object of my invention is to obtain tar, oil, ammonia and other by products
which are now consumed and wasted.
It is of great importance that the gases should be drawn away from points near
the zone of combustion or carbonization otherwise some of the valuable products
are not obtained.
In order that my said invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an elevation.
Figure 2 a plan of three coke ovens forming part of a series to which my
invention is applied.

page_text: Around the body A of the oven I construct flues a¹. a². a³. a. These I prefer to
make with three sided fire lumps as shown; they are set in an inverted position
one over the other and sometimes with a course of plain slabs between. They may
be perforated for the admission of the vapours to them from the body of the oven
or the same object may be attained by setting the lumps with the joints slightly
open.
These circular flues around the sides are connected at their ends by iron pipes
F. F with main pipes G.
These main pipes are in connection with scrubbers H of ordinary construction
and such as are used in gas works. From the top of the scrubbers a pipe passes to
the fan or exhauster which is employed to draw vapours from the ovens through
the series of flues and pipes.
K. K. are other main pipes connected with the fan or exhauster and through
these the gas which is drawn from the ovens together with the condensable vapours
is returned to the ovens.
The working of the coke ovens is conducted in the following manner.
The ovens are charged with coal about up to the top of the drawing hole C
which is closely bricked up. The charging is effected from the top through the
hole B which then also closed. The oven being already hot the coal so charged
in, soon commences to burn a little air being admitted by the pipe K on which
there is a regulating air valve at K. The damper in the passage E leading into
the main flue D is then raised and the exhauster being set to work vapours are
drawn out from the oven and at first all the flues a¹. a². a³. a*. are in use.
The oil and tar condense in the pipes G and in the scrubbers H and pass into
the receptacles L whilst as already described the uncondensable gases are returned
into the ovens by the pipes K. At the same time sufficient air is admitted into
the ovens by the valves at K' to effect the combustion of the gases within the
ovens.
When in the progress of the burning the zone of combustion or carbonization
passes below the uppermost flue a', this flue is shut off from the main G by closing
valves provided for the purpose on the pipes F. The valves for closing the flue a¹
to throw it out of use are marked F
Similarly at a later period valves F are closed which cut off the connection
between the flues a² and the main G and so in turn the flues a³ and a' are
successively put out of use.
I would remark that I am aware of the system of working coke ovens known as
Jamieson's system where vapours are drawn off by openings in the floor of the
oven at a distance from the side walls.
I make no claim to this system but by my arrangement of flues and openings in
the side walls of the oven I am able to collect vapours which practically are not
accessible by openings in the bottom of the oven and which otherwise would escape
into the main flue and be lost. I also avoid the inconvenience experienced in the
use of openings in the bed of the oven from the said openings becoming stopped by
small coal entering them whilst the oven is charged and drawn and which
necessitates the working of the ovens being stopped from time to time to clear the
openings.
Coke ovens which are provided with bottom apertures according to Jamieson's
system may also be provided in accordance with my Invention with flues in the
side walls and the vapours may be collected simultaneously by both sets of Blues
and apertures. A larger percentage of the oil or tar would in this way be saved
and the inconvenience arising from the liability to stoppage of the holes in the
bottom would be in part avoided.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim is :-
First. The construction of coke ovens with flues around the sides below the line
to where the coal comes when the oven is loaded and connected with
fan or

page_text: exhauster by which a portion of the volatile products from the coal or mineral are
drawn off whilst products of combustion are conveyed away by a main flue
substantially as described.
I also claim the use in connection with a series of side flues of valves by which
the side flues can be successively closed as the zone of combustion or carbonization
passes below them substantially as described.
ntahan 1OQA
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.