IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HEAT FROM GAS, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT AND REMOVAL OF THE VAPOURS PRODUCED BY ITS COMBUSTION
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, both
of New Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineers; for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR
GENERATING HEAT FROM GAS, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT AND REMOVAL OF
THE VAPOURS PRODUCED BY ITS COMBUSTION."
Sealed the 17th July 1855, and dated the 23rd January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Brooks Pettit and
Henry Fly Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd January 1855.
We, GEORGE BROOKS PETTIT and HENRY FLY SMITH, both of New Oxford
Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gas Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR
GENERATING HEAT FROM GAS, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT AND REMOVAL OF THE
VAPOURS PRODUCED BY ITS COMBUSTION," to be as follows:-
Experience shews that as gas is usually burned, much of the carbon it con-
tains escapes unconsumed, producing offensive and deleterious vapours, and
when the flame impinges on a solid body, being attended with a copious deposit
of soot, the former circumscribing its utility for warming apartments, and the
latter its application to boilers and other utensils for heating purposes. "These

page_text: evils, however, can, we find, be obviated with facility and certainty, and at the
same time increased heat be obtained merely by causing the products of com-
bustion to pass, by means of a recurved pipe or other contrivance, either into
the primary or any other gas flame, the effect of which is to change the colour
of the flame from white to blue (showing more perfect combustion), and to
prevent both unpleasant smell and deposit of soot. This method of burning
is especially applicable to gas stoves, the maximum quantity of heat being
thus obtained. We also improve the appearance of gas stoves by the insertion
in their outer cases of plates of moulded glass or earthenware of unequal
thickness, with jets of gas behind them, in order to give the appearance of a
gas
coal fire or ornamental device.
We also find that the products of combustion from gas burners of all kinds
can be conveniently and effectually removed by conveying them through a
pipe terminating in or beneath any description of fire, with a view to prevent
their regurgitation by down draughts, which frequently occurs when such
products are carried directly into a flue.
It is not necessary or indeed possible to describe all the arrangements that
may be necessary for carrying these objects into effect; we need only state at
present that our Invention substantially consists in, and is confined to, firstly,
the use of apparatus whereby the products of combustion from gas burners
are brought in contact with the primary or other gas flame.
Secondly, in the employment of moulded plates of glass of unequal thickness
to produce illuminated devices in gas stoves.
And, thirdly, in getting rid of the products resulting from burning gas by
carrying them through a coal (or other) fire.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 23rd July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
BROOKS, PETTIT and HENRY FLY SMITH, both of New Oxford Street, in the 3
County of Middlesex, Gas Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, Her special licence
that we, the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George
Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND OTHER APPARATUS FOR GENERATING HEAT
PROM GAS, AND IN THE EMPLOYMENT AND REMOVAL OF THE VAPOURS PRODUCED
BY ITS COMBUSTION," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly Smith, or one of us, by an instrument
in writing under our hands and seals, or the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists, first, in the use of apparatus whereby the products
of combustion from gas burners are brought in contact with the primary or
other gas flame.
Second, in the employment of moulded plates of glass or earthenware of
unequal thickness to produce illuminated devices in gas stoves.
And, third, in the removal of the products resulting from burning gas by
carrying them through a coal or other fire.
Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed is a vertical section of an
apparatus constructed according to the first part of our Invention. This
apparatus is composed of a series of sheet iron cylindrical boxes c, c, c, c, placed
one above another, and connected with each other by short pipes d, d. The
burner or burners (we generally use one or more of the description called
fishtail) is or are placed immediately under a small opening in the bottom of
the lower box, through which and those above it the heated products of com-
bustion pass upwards, in the direction of the arrows, returning by the recurved

page_text: tube E: This tube is closed at bottom, but has inserted in it at one side and
near the bottom a horizontal conical tube f, through which the gaseous vapours
rush with considerable force upon the flame of the burner or burners, changing
its color from: white to blue, causing all its carbon to be consumed, so that no
deposit of soot takes place, evolving additional heat, and entirely preventing
the unpleasant odour which more or less always attends the burning of gas:
The above apparatus may either be used by itself for warming rooms, &c., or
it may be enclosed in an outer case or stove. The arrangement of the boxes
is employed for the purpose of obtaining a large amount of heating surface;
but it forms no part of our present Invention, and we do not restrict ourselves
to the use of this or any other arrangement for carrying our Invention into
effect: We may observe, however, that the products of one burner may be
made to impinge in the manner described, either upon that from which they
emanated; or upon another burner or burners...
t.
The object of the second part of our Invention is to producé a novel and
pleasing effect in the appearance of gas stoves, by the introduction into their
outer frames of plates of moulded glass or earthenware of unequal thickness,
as shewn at a, Figure 2; and in section at a; Figures 3 and 4. By making
these plates of suitable forms, and properly disposing the inequalities in the
substance of the glass; &c.; the appearance of a coal fire or other device will
be exhibited by gas jets (b, Figure 3,) within the stove, shining more or less
brightly through the thinner portions of the glass or earthenware, and being
partially obscured where it is thick. Colored glass will in most cases be found
to produce the best effect.
The third part of our Invention has for its object the removal of the pro-
ducts of combustion where gas is burned, by causing such products to enter a
coal or other fire. For this purpose, all that is necessary is that a receiver
should be placed over each gas light, the receivers communicating with a
pipe leading to a fire-place in any room above or other convenient situation,
and terminating either under or in the fire, so that the gas vapours shall be
drawn into it. By these means, not only are they rendered harmless, but their
removal becomes a matter of certainty, owing to the draught produced in the
pipe by the action of the fire.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is,
First, the causing of the products of combustion from gas burners by means
of suitable apparatus to be brought in contact with the primary or other gas
flame, for the purpose above described.

page_text: Second, the employment of moulded plates of glass or earthenware, varying
n thickness, to produce illuminated devices in gas stoves.
And, third, the removal of the products resulting from burning gas by
conveying them into a coal or other fire.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Brooks Pettit and Henry Fly
Smith, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of
July, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
GEORGE BROOKS PETTIT. (L.B.)
HENRY FLY SMITH.
(L.S.)