and similar Articles, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1886

page_text: and similar Articles, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of spades, shovels and the like and
consists in the method and means hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a diagram of the plant I use for carrying out my Method of
Manufacturing Shovels, Spades and Scoops.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section of a furnace for heating billets or bars
of iron or steel prior to being manufactured in to blanks for making Shovels,
Spades and Scoops.
Figure 3 is a vertical transverse section of a pair of rolls for forming bars, such
as shown in Figure 4, which bars are cut or sawed into sections, as indicated by
dotted lines shown in said Figure 4.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a section of a bar of iron or steel rolled into
the proper form for making blanks therefrom, by severing said bar into sections,
whereby blanks are made of the contour shown in Figure 6.
Figure 7 is a side elevation of a machine for cutting blanks from a flat bar, such
as is shown in perspective in Figure 8; the manner of cutting said bar is shown
by dotted lines in said Figure 8.
Figure 9 is a perspective view of a blank cut from the flat bar shown in
Figure 8.
Figure. 10 is a perspective view of the blank shown in figure 9 when the arm A
is split for forming the handle straps.
Figure 11 is a front elevation of a machine for splitting the arm A of the blank
shown in Figures 9 and 10.
Figure 12 is a front elevation of a pair of rolls for “breaking down" the blank
shown in Figure 10.
713

page_text: Figure 13 is a front elevation of a pair of rolls for rolling the blank after it
comes from the "breaking down" rolls into the form shown in Figure 14.
Figure 15 is a perspective view of the finishing rolls, and represents the manner of
passing the blank between said rolls whereby the handle straps are prevented from
spreading laterally, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure 14.
Figure 16 is a face view or plan of a rolled blank for making Shovels, Spades
and Scoops, representing it having increased thickness at the center of the blade,
and handle straps, as represented in Figure 17 at line 1, 1, and in Figure 18 at
line 2, 2, of Figure 16, which increased thickness gradually diminishes from the
center of the blade and handle straps toward the side edges thereof.
Figure 19 represents, in perspective, a section of the shovel blade and handle
straps of the finished shovel, as indicated by the dotted line x, x, of Figure 20.
Figure 20, is a perspective view of a finished shovel.
The first part of my invention relates to the manufacturing of blanks for the
making of Shovels, Spades and Scoops, and consists in heating a billet of iron or
steel, or a bar of iron, and rolling said billet into bars of the form shown in
Figures 4, 5 and 8, by means of suitable rolls, the construction of which will be
readily understood without further description.
-
The bar shown in Figure 4 is cut in-sections, as indicated by dotted lines in said
Figure, thereby forming blanks.
The width of the blank marked B, between the lines marked 3, 3, should be
about equal to the width of the shovel to be made therefrom.
The bar shown in Figure 5 is cut or sawed in transverse sections for forming
blanks, as shown in Figure 6. The bar shown in Figure 8 is cut into sections, as
shown by dotted lines in said Figure 8, whereby blanks of the form shown in
Figure 9 are produced.
In manufacturing shovels from the billet or bar, it is heated in the furnace
marked 1 in the diagram Figure 1, and represented in the vertical section in
Figure 2, and rolled into the desired form by the rolls marked 2 and 3 in said
diagram.
The heated bar, as it comes from the rolls marked 3, is cut into blanks by means
of a blank cutter marked 4 in the said diagram, which cutter is also represented in
Figure 7. The blanks are moved to the auxiliary furnace marked 9, for the
purpose of retaining the heat in said blanks, from which they are taken to the
splitting machine, marked 5 in the diagram and shown in Figure 11, and
the arm A is split, and the socket for the wooden handle formed in the blank B,
as indicated in Figure 10. From the splitting machine the blank is subjected to
the action of the." breaking down" rolls shown at 6 in the diagram and also in
Figure 12. The blank having been subjected to said rolls is then subjected to the
action of the finishing rolls shown at 7 in the diagram and also in Figure 13. It
is necessary to enter the blank between the rolls with the arm A entering first, as
shown in Figure 15, otherwise the handle straps C will spread laterally, as
indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 14. After the blank has been sufficiently
rolled out it is pointed, through the medium of a pair of eccentric rolls, the
construction of which will be readily understood without further description.
The blank shown in Figure 14 is then subjected to the shearing process, and the
shovel is finished in the usual manner, by providing it with its wooden handle
and subjecting it to the polishing process, which is well understood by shovel
manufacturers.
When the shovel blade and its handle straps are of uniform thickness, the rolls
shown in the diagram in Figure 1, and marked 6 and 7, may be what is known as
plain or smooth rolls; but when it is desirable to make the shovel blade thick in
the center, and said thickness gradually diminishing towards each edge, as shown
in Figures 17 and 18, the former representing a transverse section of the blade and
the latter a transverse section of handle straps, in this case the rolls should be of
the construction shown in Figures 12 and 13.

page_text: By constructing the shovel with increased thickness in the center, and gradually
diminishing toward the side edges, and said increased thickness in the center
extending the entire length of the shovel blade and its handle straps, the shovel
blade and the handle will sustain a greater transverse and longitudinal strain, and
will wear in a straight line at the entering end of the shovel blade-that is to say,
the point of the shovel will always be on a straight line and at right angles to the
longitudinal axis of the shovel blade, which is not the case in the wear of a shovel
constructed in the ordinary way.
By the method hereinbefore described for manufacturing shovels, the blank may
be finished to the point of shearing it, as herein before described, at a single heat, a
result not hitherto attained in the manufacture of shovels when constructed by
forging or rolling the blank, and it has been demonstrated by actual practice, that
five men and one boy can produce one hundred dozen of shovel blanks ready for
the shearing process, with less labor and of a better quality and finish than was
formerly produced by twenty-five men by the best means known to the art.
The method hereinbefore described for making shovels, in addition to the
advantage stated, dispenses with the tilting and steam hammers, and the noise
attending them, and also dispenses with a large number of furnaces, thereby saving
brick, fire clay, fuel, and economizes room, all of which will be readily appreciated
by the manufacturer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to
that what I claim io.
FIFTH.
In the art of manufacturing shovels, a plant comprising a furnace for heating a
bar of iron or steel, a machine for cutting blanks therefrom, a machine for splitting
the arm A, rolls for reducing, finishing and pointing the blanks, substantially as
described.

page_text: SIXTH.
In the art of manufacturing shovels, a plant comprising a furnace for heating
blanks, a machine for splitting the arm A, rolls for reducing, finishing and pointing
the blank.
SEVENTH.
A shovel, spade or scoop having an increased thickness of metal in the center
of the blade, extending throughout the length thereof, and gradually diminishing
in thickness toward the side edges of the blade, substantially as described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.