Steam Boilers
Year: 1886

page_text: I, LOUIS DE NAEYER of the firm of de Naeyer and Company of Willebroek
in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
=
This Invention relates to improvements in Steam Boilers, and consists of a new
method of arranging the tubes of my type of boiler, and so placing the receivers
and feed water device as to obtain the steam as dry as possible, and to free the
water from the incrusting matters contained in it. The boxes are not quite
rectangular, but the front face makes with the opposite face an angle equal to the
inclination which is given to the tubes in relation to a horizontal plan in the
setting of the boiler, so that when the boxes are placed one above the other their
faces form a vertical plane.
The opposite side of the boxes inclined towards the vertical and perpendicular to
the top side, has two openings bored in it prolonged by socket tubes, bored out and
slightly conical.
The tubes are ferruled in the openings and tightened by a special tool.
I place above the group of tubes arranged on my tubular system one or more
receivers which may receive the steam escaping from the tubes in the upper
collector, and I arrange the steam pipe opening and the feed water pipe opening
in this receiver so as to separate the water from the steam, and also to separate
the incrusting matters dissolved or held in suspension in the water.
In order to accomplish this, I make the steam enter by one or more pipes fixed
on the upper collector, and in the interior of the receiver I arrange these pipes as
well as wrought iron plates so as to force the steam and water to follow two
different directions in such a manner that the water is projected towards the
bottom of the boiler, whilst the steam returns towards the front to arrive at the
steam pipe and stop valve. I make the steam enter the collector by a bent tube,
the open end of which is carried towards the bottom of the receiver, whilst the
dome is in front, or, I divide the receiver into two parts by a plate either horizontal
or slightly inclined which is firmly fixed to the front part of and across the
receiver, but does not extend further than a certain distance from the back and in
such a way that the steam is caused to pass as far as the end of this plate and to
return again before arriving at the dome and the steam pipe,

page_text: To separate the soluble and suspended incrusting matters from the water,
I introduce the feed water into the steam chest by a pipe terminating in a vertical
branch beneath which the water is injected: I have found that I thus avoid
the shocks which often result from the introduction of cold water to the steam space.
Water thus introduced falls into the receiver, where it is carried for a certain
distance by the steam, but it cannot go directly to the lower collector which
re-unites the lower tubes, but must first return into a special water receiver where
it enters at the top, falls to nearly the bottom, and then re-ascends as far as a pipe
which leads it to the lower collector.
Thus the water is first heated by its contact with the steam in the steam-chest,
and can only arrive at the collector after having deposited the matters in suspension
as well as the chalky matters which this heating has rendered insoluble.
To heat the water with certainty to the temperature of the steam I can cause all
the steam formed in the boiler to pass out into a vessel filled with water, and
place in the vessel partitions which necessitate the steam rising to reach the
receiver and steam dome, whilst the water must descend, and then ascend, to
arrive at the lower collector of the boiler.
I can also place two receivers on the boiler and make the feed water pass into one
by a vertical pipe exposed to the passage of steam which escapes from the boiler,
and make this water then pass into the bottom of the second receiver, and thence
to the lower collector, at the same time that the steam passes from the first receiver
into the second.
Suitable plates placed in the two receivers oblige the water and steam to
traverse a long distance, during which the water has time to deposit its impurities,.
and the steam to free itself of its contained water.
J. C. CHAPMAN,
70, Chancery Lane,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: I LOUIS DE NAEYER of the firm of de Naeyer and Company of Willebroeck in
the Kingdom of Belgium, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in steam boilers.
My improvements are applicable to all kinds of steam boilers and have for their
object, first, to provide a new method of arranging the tubes of my type of boilers,
and second, to provide for the introduction of the feed water and the discharge of
steam in such a manner as to separate, on the one hand, the steam from the water.
which it tends to carry away, and, on the other hand, the water from the incrusting
substances which it contains, and which it should deposit in parts of the boiler
which can be easily cleaned and are not subjected to the direct action of the flame.
The new method of arranging the tubes consists in the form of the tube boxes.
The tube boxes are formed not quite rectangular, but the front face makes with
the opposite face an angle equal to the inclination which is given to the tubes in
relation to a horizontal plan in the setting of the boiler, so that when the boxes are
placed one above the other their faces form a vertical plane. The opposite side of
the boxes inclined towards the vertical and perpendicular to the top side, has two
openings bored in it, prolonged by socket tubes, bored out and slightly conical.
To carry out the second object of my invention I commence by intimately
mixing the water and steam, I then cause them to circulate in such a manner that
these two fluids must separate from each other, and the calcareous substances which
have become insoluble will be compelled to settle down in very accessible parts of
the water chambers.
Sheet 1 (Figure 1) shows a chief arrangement applied to one of my multitubular
boilers, and in which, as in the following arrangements my conic joints are used
throughout.
The steam passing from the collector C, enters the pipe T, which may be either
at the exterior or in the interior of the steam reservoir R, and which conducts the
steam to the top of the separator S, into which the pipe T, extends nearly to the
bottom of the sheet metal vessel A.
The feed water is here introduced through the pipe t, and rises to the crown B, B¹,
over which it flows into the funnel C, C¹, conveying it into the depositing chamber D,
where it rises to the crown E, F, placed at the same height as the crown B, B¹.
Around this crown E, F, is arranged an annular channel G, H, from the exterior of
which the pipe t¹ extends into the steam chamber R, and the water descends
through the pipe t", to the lower collector of the series of tubes. The flow of the
water from the feed pipe t to this collector is clearly indicated by dotted arrows.
The flow of the steam is indicated by full arrows. After having traversed the
whole quantity of water contained in the vessel A, the steam passes through the
annular section which remains free between the crown B, B¹, and the cap K, and
thence passes into the steam chamber R, through the pipe T¹ which extends
vertically downwards into the interior of this chamber in such a manner that the

page_text: water carried away by the steam is projected downwards by virtue of its inertia,
and will mix with the water which fills the bottom of the reservoir, while the steam
passing towards the dome is compelled to change its direction.
It will be readily understood that the water in the vessel A being continually
traversed by the whole quantity of steam which the boiler generates, must attain
the temperature of this steam when it enters the chamber D, where, being in almost
a complete state of repose, it must permit its incrusting substances to deposit at
the bottom of this chamber, whence they can be removed as often as desired by the
blow off valve P.
Figure 2, sheet 1, represents a modification of the preceding arrangement. The
depositing chamber D is placed in front of the boiler, and the steam dome at the
rear thereof. The pipes T and t¹ are thus considerably shortened, and the feeding
takes place at the forward part of the boiler. The steam leaving the collector C,
passes into the separator S, before it arrives in the reservoir R.
Sheet II represents another arrangement likewise applicable to one of my
inexplosive boilers. The steam chamber R, is divided into two parts R', R¹¹, by
the partition a. b. c.
The steam passes into the chamber R¹, coming from the steam collector C,
through the pipe T, which opens under the funnel u, at the end of the feed pipe t.
The steam thus encounters the thin sheet of water which flows over from this
funnel, mixes intimately with it, and carries away the particles of water through
the entire length of the chamber R¹. The inertia of the water carries these
particles beyond the extremity c, of the partition b c, whilst the steam, to reach
the dome and the orifice M. in the latter, must pass back through the chamber R".
Immediately behind this extremity c, is a depositing vessel D, where the water,
in a state of rest deposits the greater portion of its incrusting substances (which
are removed through a blow off valve) before entering the pipe t¹, which is
connected with its branches to the pipes t", leading to the lower collector of the
series of tubes.
The particles of water which have not been carried away to the vessel D, deposit
their incrusting substances at the bottom of the reservoir R¹, where they remain in
the state of mud and are carried away into D, by the movement of the water when
this vessel is cleaned.
Sheet III (Figures 5 and 6) represents a more complete arrangement than the
preceding, and is especially applicable to boilers of very great power.
There are two steam reservoirs; the first R₁, receives the steam directly from the
collector C, through the pipe T, which extends externally or internally to near the
rear extremity of the reservoir.
In this pipe T, is a chamber L, into which opens the extremity u, of the feed
pipe t.
The water which flows over from this extremity is carried away by the
steam to the end of the reservoir above the depositing vessel D, where the water,
whose temperature has necessarily been raised to that of the steam when mixing
with it, deposits a large portion of the substances which have become insoluble.
At the opposite extremity, that is to say, at the forward part of the boiler, the
two steam reservoirs communicate through the pipe V, in such a manner that the
feed water, in order to enter the reservoirs R¹, R", must pass through nearly the
entire length of the reservoir R₁, and continue to deposit in the latter the substances
I which are not retained in the vessel D. The water must afterwards move to the
rear, passing above the second depositing vessel D', to reach the pipe t², branched
from the pipes t¹, which descend to the lower collector of the series of tubes.
It will therefore deposit in this vessel D¹, and all along the chamber R¹, at the base
of reservoir R., the substances which are not retained in the reservoir R₁.
The two chambers R, R¹, are separated by the partition a, b, c, and the steam
which, after having passed through the pipe T, (Figures 5 and 6) and returned to
the forward part in the reservoir R₁, and having next traversed the pipe Q, in
order to enter the part R¹ of the reservoir R,, has yet to pass along this partition
a, b, c, to reach the chamber R and thence the steam port M. The steam cannot

page_text: therefore fail to separate in this passage from the particles of water which it might
otherwise carry away.
Figure 8, sheet III, represents a modification of the arrangement of the pipes
which serve to establish communication between the collectors and the reservoirs
as well as with the feed. The pipe V, which unites the reservoirs is at the front
of the latter. The steam pipe T, extends from one extremity of the steam collector
and receives in a branch fixed upon the reservoir R₁, a horizontal feed pipe which
is bent at its extremity so as to have its orifice vertical. I have in fact recognised
that it is indispensable, in order to obviate the shocks or jars resulting from the
injection of water into the steam, that the water shall leave through a nearly
horizontal orifice and in an upward direction.
It is in accord with reason and experience that, whatever may be the activity
of the evaporation and feed, the arrangements which I have described completely
separate, on the one hand, from the water any insoluble substances which it
contains, and on the other hand, the steam from the water which it would otherwise
carry away,
The same object can be attained by simple additions to existing boilers, such as
those represented on sheet IV, Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.
Figure 15 shows a simple application of the mode of feeding water into the
current of steam through the opening of the feed pipe t, in the interior of the steam
pipe T, in which are provided openings a, to permit the water carried away to fall
immediately into the lower part of the reservoir R, if the steam does not carry it
farther. A depositing chamber D, has also been added. Figure 14, shows the
addition of a receptacle S, placed outside the boiler and connected with the steam
reservoir R, through a steam pipe T, and with the water pipe T¹. A partition a, a¹,
traversed by the pipe t¹ forms in the upper part of the reservoir S, a small steam
chamber, into which opens the funnel u, of the feed pipe t. The water, heated to
a temperature nearly equal to that of the steam, descends through the opening e,
of the pipe t¹, to near the bottom of the reservoir S, in which it deposits the
substances which have become insoluble or are held in suspension; it can pass into
the reservoir R, only by flowing over the crowns b, b¹, to fall into the circular
channel c, c', which extends around this crown, and into which opens the pipe T.
Two man-holes n, n¹, permit the reservoir S, to be easily cleaned, and the blowing
off valve p, enables the deposited substances to be removed as often as desired.
In figure 13 the reservoir S, is placed in the reservoir R, no other change
being made.
Figures 9, 10, 11, 12, show a general arrangement designed to facilitate the
deposition of calcareous substances without changing anything in the feed. In the
arrangement shown in figures 9 and 10, the water introduced into the reservoir R,
can pass to the pipe t", which conducts it to the lower collector of the generator,
only after having traversed the pipe T¹, which conducts it to near the bottom of
the reservoir S, whence it must rise again to the pipe T, to enter the pipe t¹¹.
A blow off valve p, permits the removal of deposits from the reservoir S. The
feeding can be effected as shown in figure 14, or directly into the reservoir R
through a pipe opening into the funnel u, (Figure 10).
In Figures 11 and 12 the separator S, is horizontal; the water passes through
the pipe T', traverses the reservoir S, and enters at t¹, through the pipe T": the
blow off valve is at p.
On sheet V (Figures 16, 17, 18 and 19,) are shown similar arrangements to the
preceding and specially applicable to boilers of small power.
In the arrangements shown in Figures 16 and 17, the pipe T', extends into the
interior and to near the bottom of the separator S, whilst the pipe T¹¹ leaves from
the top of this receptacle to convey the water to the pipe t, which extends
downwards to the lower collector. A blow off valve p is applied to the separator.
The feeding is effected directly into the steam reservoir R, through the extremity u,
of the pipe t, opening into full steam,

page_text: In the arrangement shown in Figures 18 and 19, the pipe T', is at the exterior
of the separator S, from the top of which the pipe T", t extends directly to the
lower collector of the generator.
For these small boilers the steam reservoir has been placed transversely to gain
height while having a large diameter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is,
1. The construction and arrangement of the tube boxes so that their faces are
not parallel whereby while the front and back faces of the group of tubes are in
vertical planes yet the required inclination of the tubes is obtained substantially
as described.
2. The passage of the steam through the feed water introduced into a reservoir
of suitable shape so as to obtain deposition of substances which have become
insoluble as bereinbefore described.
3. Introducing the feed water into the steam reservoir by a vertical pipe
overflowing in the said reservoir as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth.
4. The hereinbefore described arrangements whereby the feed water so introduced
is prevented from arriving at the lower tubes of the boiler before it has travelled
for a sufficient distance to necessitate the deposition of matter held in suspension
or become insoluble into an apparatus from which such deposited matter may be
readily removed.
5. The hereinbefore described arrangement of steam reservoir whereby the steam
is caused to travel a considerable, distance before arriving at the steam delivery
port of the boiler, and in varying directions, by which means it must necessarily
become separated from the water which it carries along.
Dated this Twenty fifth day of November 1886