AN IMPROVED COMPOUND, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES, RETORTS, AND OTHER VESSELS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CHEMICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Baggeley, of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturing Chemist, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND,
CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CRUCIBLES, RETORTS, AND OTHER
VESSELS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR CHEMICAL PURPOSES."
Sealed the 25th July 1876, and dated the 1st February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Baggeley at the,
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st February 1876.
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturing
Chemist. "AN IMPROVED COMPOUND, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF CRUCIBLES, RETORTS, AND OTHER VESSELS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
CHEMICAL PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to a novel compound which is designed to furnish a material
for the construction of crucibles, retorts, vats, pans, and other vessels or apparatus
for chemical and other processes and operations, and for other purposes wherein it
is desirable to employ a material capable of resisting the action of heat and strong
acids and other destructive influences.
The said improved compound will be found superior to other compounds and
materials heretofore available for the construction of chemical vessels and apparatus.
The only material heretofore known which is capable of successful employment for
containing certain strong acids in chemical processes is platinum, which is so costly
as to be beyond the reach of most persons. My Invention supplies a material
which will be found superior even to this material, and which is so inexpensive as
to be within the reach of any chemical and other manufacturers and other persons.
My improved compound consists essentially of the following ingredients, namely,
fire-clay, Cornwall stone, calx, or the calcined residue of zaffer or other similar sub-
stance, bone, and fired or burnt clay dust.
I prefer to combine these materials in about the proportion of 200 lbs. of fire-
clay, 22 lbs. of Cornwall stone, 1 lb. of the calx, 2 lbs. of bone, and 10 lbs. of the
fired or burned clay. To these materials I sometimes add a small quantity of
silicate of alumina or a small quantity of tincal or of whitening, but I do not con-
sider these last-named substances to be of any very great importance or advantage
in the making of the said compound.

page_text: The materials or ingredients of the said compound are combined or mixed in any
suitable vessel with a proper quantity of water to form a paste. This paste is
worked into the required form for the crucibles, retorts, or other articles, which are
burned or baked, and are then ready for use for the purposes above specified or
other purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Henry Baggeley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st July 1876.
"
HENRY BAGGELEY, of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturing
Chemist. AN IMPROVED COMPOUND, CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF CRUCIBLES, RETORTS, AND OTHER VESSELS AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
CHEMICAL PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to a novel compound which is designed to furnish a material
for the construction of crucibles, retorts, vats, pans, and other vessels or apparatus
for chemical and other processes and operations, and for other purposes wherein it
is desirable to employ a material capable of resisting the action of heat and strong
acids and other destructive influences.
The said improved compound will be found superior to other compounds and
materials heretofore available for the construction of chemical vessels and apparatus,
inasmuch as it will resist extreme variations of temperature better than the ordinary
vessels, porcelain, or any other known vessels used for this purpose, and at the
same time will bear the action of the strongest acids and other chemicals better
than any known metal.
My improved compound consists of the following ingredients, namely, fire-clay of
any description, Cornwall stone, otherwise called china stone, or other stone of an
analogous nature, including a variety of the same known as killas or clay-slate
calx, or the calcined residue of zaffer or other similar substance, calcined bone dust,
and burnt fire-clay dust.
I prefer to combine these materials in about the proportions of 200 lbs. of fire-
clay, 22 lbs. of Cornwall stone, 1 lb. of calx, 2 lb. of bone dust, and 10 lbs. [of
burnt fire-clay dust, but I vary the proportions within certain limits according to
the purpose for which the said vessels are to be used. To these materials I some-
times add a small quantity of asbestos and silicate of alumina, but I do not consider
these last-nained substances to be of any very great importance or advantage in the
making of the said compound.
The two essential ingredients of this compound are fire-clay and Cornwall stone,
otherwise called china stone, or other similar stone or killas. These two materials
have never been so mixed together before as to form a proper vitrified body to
resist the penetration of acids. The other ingredients are not absolutely essential,
but are advantageous for my purpose.
The materials or ingredients of the said compound are combined or mixed in any
suitable vessel with a proper quantity of water to form a paste. This paste is
worked into the required form for the crucibles, retorts, or other vessels or articles,
which are burned or baked at a temperature that varies according to the nature of
the said vessels or articles, and they are then ready for use for the purposes above
specified or other purposes.
Owing to the coherent properties of this new material it does not crack or split
in the drying preliminary to the baking thereof, and may be easily joined, so that
by this Invention vessels for the above purposes may be made of a much larger size
than has hitherto been practicable. The new ware manufactured according to this
Invention I term "chemical porcelain."
1
Having thus fully described my said Invention and the manner of performing
the saine, I wish it understood that I claim the improved compound consisting of
fire-clay and Cornwall or china stone or other similar stone, with or without any or

page_text: all of the other ingredients, as above specified, and the application of the same
to the inanufacture of crucibles, retorts, or other vessels or articles for chemical
purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Baggeley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
HENRY BAGGELEY. (L.S.)