Improvements in Telautographs.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 25th Feb., 1899
Improvements in Telautographs.
I, PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to telautographs. It consists in part of improvements
whereby the movements of the transmitting pen in each of its two angular
directions are transmuted into impulses of successively like polarity, the reversal
of the direction of movement of the transmitting pen, however, reversing the
polarity of the impulses; said impulses of like polarity being transmuted into
pulsations of successively opposite polarity by which the movements of the
receiving pen in extent are controlled. This transmutation of the impulses sent
from the transmitter into pulsations of successively opposite polarity may be
effected in a variety of ways by induction.
This invention further consists in improvements in the receiving instrument
whereby it is proposed to dispense with the mechanism commonly employed
outside of the escapement magnet itself for propelling the receiving pen and to
cause the receiving pen to be moved by the action of the escapement magnet
itself; and an organization of circuits whereby the quickness of action of the
escapement magnet is increased has been devised. This arrangement of circuits
is particularly useful where the escapement is propelled by the escapement
magnets, but is of advantage in other constructions in order to quicken the action
a circuit
of the escapement. Stated in general terms it consists in providing
breaker on the armature of the escapement magnet which shall act to modify the
circuits which control the escapement magnet after each movement of the
armature so that the ensuing movement of the armature may be expedited.
This invention further consists in improvements for bringing the receiving
instrument into unison with the transmitting instrument by causing the receiving
pen to move in a given direction under the impulse of currents actuating the
escapement magnets until such currents are interrupted at the point where the
instrument reaches the unison position.
This invention further consists in improvements in the apparatus known in
this art as the escapement devices, and consists, so far as regards this part f
the invention, in improvements whereby these devices are simplified. Hereto-
fore in the use of escapements it has been found necessary to employ a reversing
clutch of some sort which should cause the reversal in the direction of movement
of the receiving pen in accordance with the reversal in the direction of movement
of the transmitting pen. In the present invention, this clutch is dispensed with,
and instead thereof there is substituted as a reversing mechanism means for con-

page_text: trolling the application of the pawls to the escapement wheel so that the escape-
ment wheel shall be driven by the pawls in either direction in accordance with
the direction of movement of the transmitting pen. Thus the clutches hereto-
fore employed are dispensed with and the simplicity and certainty of the mechanism
are greatly increased.
The invention further relates to certain improvements in the organization of
circuits controlling the escapement magnet whereby upon each stroke of the
armature of the escapement magnet a resistance is cut into the circuit of the
operating coil, whereby the pull of the magnet on the armature is reduced and
the next movement of the armature is expedited, and, further, the current is
economized.
The present invention also includes other details of construction and organiza-
tion which will hereafter be particularly pointed out.
The invention is shown herein as embodied in several constructions of apparatus
and organization of circuits which will now be separately described.
One of these constructions and organizations is shown in Figures 1 and 2 in
the drawings annexed forming a part of this specification. In this organization,
the reversal by induction of the polarity of the impulses sent from the trans-
mitting instrument is secured by means of the application of the principle of
the Wheatstone bridge.
Figure is a diagram of the circuits of the transmitting instrument, and
Figure 2 is a diagram of the circuits of the receiving instrument.
In these figures of the drawings, A is the usual transmitting pen carried by
the pen arms I, 2. The line circuit passes from the divided battery Z to wire a,
contact spring 3, plate 4 of master switch 5, wires a¹, a² to piony brake 6,
wire a to interrupter lever 7, wire a4, resistance R, wire as to left line L, L.
In this position of the transmitting instrument, therefore, a positive current of
minimum strength is sent to line. When the platen 8 is depressed the current,
in the same positions of the prony brake and interrupter, passes from wire a
to contact spring 9, contact 10 and thence through platen support 11 to wire a³
and to line, producing an impulse of maximum strength.
When the prony brake moves from its stop 12 to its stop 13, owing to a reversal
in the direction of movement of the transmitting pen, the current flows from
the other half of the battery through wire b, contact 14, plate 15 of the master
switch, wires b¹, 63, prony brake, wire a³, interrupter, wire a*, &c., sending a
negative current to line, the strength of the current being dependent upon the
position of the platen.
When the interrupter moves from its contact point 16 to its back stop 17, the
current is shifted to wire and passes through the resistance R', when the platen
is depressed, through contact spring 18, contact 19, platen support 11 and wire a³
to line. When the platen is in the elevated position, as shown, this branch
is broken and no current is sent to line. The purposes of these varying strengths
and of the interruption of the circuit will be stated hereafter.
The circuits of the right line are as follows: From battery Z through wire a,
contacts ring 3 plate 4, wire a', wire d, prony brake 6', wire d', interrupter 71,
wire d', master switch and right line R, L sending a positive impulse. When the
prony brake moves from its contact 121 to its contact 131 owing to reversal in
the direction of movement of the transmitting pen, the right line circuit is closed
from battery Z through wire b, spring 14, wire b', wire e, prony brake 61, wire d¹.
wire to R, L, sending a negative impulse to line, the current strength being
in each of these two cases at its maximum. When the interrupter 7' moves from
its contact 16 to its back stop 171 the current is diverted from the prony brake
through resistance R2 and thence to line as before, the impulse being of either
polarity according to the position of the prony brake, and of a minimum strength
being reduced by the resistance R².
Referring now to Figure 2, the left line circuit enters the receiving instrument,
divides at 20 and passes in one branch through non inductive resistance R³ to

page_text: point 21, magnet F to point 22, where it unites with the other branch which
passes from point 20 through the coils of relay I to point 23, thence through
non-inductive resistance R to point 22. From the point 22 the circuit passes
through wires f, f¹ to ground. Intermediate between the points 21 and 23,
i.e. in a bridge between the two branches of the main line circuit, is placed the
magnet D controlling the escapement mechanism. The magnet F controls the
reversing mechanism.
The two branches of the main line between the points 20 and 22 together with
the cross connection through magnet D constitute a Wheatstone bridge, in each
of the four sides of which is an equal resistance, the non-inductive resistance R³, R*
having fifty ohms, the relay I having a like resistance and the coils of magnet F
having each a resistance of twenty-five ohms. Were a continuous current of one
polarity to pass through this arrangement of circuits and resistances the current
would speedily recover its equilibrium after the completion of the circuit, and
an equal amount of the current would flow through each branch between the
points 20 and 22, and no current would pass through the magnet 1. The
condition of equilibrium is, however, disturbed by each making and breaking of
the circuit with the following results:-
-
When the circuit is closed as the current increases in intensity in the coils of
the relay I a counter-electro-motive force is developed by this relay which is
equivalent to an added resistance in the path 20, 23, while at the same time a
counter electro-motive force is developed by the magnet F which is equivalent
to an added resistance in the path 21, 22. Consequently, the major part of
the current is diverted from the point 20 into the path 20, 21, thence through the
bridge and magnet 1) to the point 23, thence to the point 22 and ground, causing
magnet I to draw its armature 24 to one of its poles.
When the line current is interrupted magnets I and Feach discharge induced
currents of the same polarity as the line circuit theretofore passing through
them. This induced current of magnet I passes through the triangular path 23,
21, 20 while the induced current discharged from magnet F passes through the
triangular path 21, 22, 23. Both of these induced currents, therefore, flow
in the same direction through the bridge 21, 23 and are opposed in direction to
the main line current just before flowing through the bridge. Their combined
effect, therefore, is to cause the magnet 1) to move its armature 24 over to its
other pole.
The vibrations of the armature 24 thus produced control the escapement
magnet E in the following manner: When the armature 24 is against its stop 25,
the current of local receiver battery ¹ passes from battery through wire g
wire g, armature 24, wire g², coils of magnet E, wire g³, wire g, contact
spring 26, disk 27, contact spring 28, wire to the positive pole of battery,
causing the armature of magnet E to move in one of its two directions. When
the armature lever 24 is against its contact point 29, the current of battery s
passes as before to armature lever 24, thence to contact 29, wire h, coils of
magnet E, wire and thence to the positive pole of battery as before.
The reversal in the direction of movement of the receiving pen is effected by the
action of magnet F in the following manner: When the impulses sent from the
transmitting station are of the proper polarity the armature 30 of the magnet F
will be drawn toward its contact point 31, in which position the current will
pass from the local battery through wire g, wire i, armature lever 30, contact 31,
wire magnet H, wire g, &e., as before to the positive pole of battery,
causing the magnet H to draw up its armature and place the reversing clutch
in one of its two positions. When the polarity of the impulses sent from the
transmitting station is reversed, the armature 30 is brought against its back
stop 32, the circuit of magnet H is broken, its armature is released and the
reversing clutch assumes its opposite position.
The raising and lowering of the pen at the receiving station is effected as
follows: The movements of the receiving pen has heretofore been spoken of as

page_text: controlled by making and breaking the line circuit. Under the term making
and breaking it is meant to include the equivalent of an absolute make and
break, i.e. a substantial reduction in strength. The resistances of the left line
circuit are so arranged that at no time when the transmitting platen is depressed
will the circuit be entirely interrupted, but sufficient current will be left on
line to cause the relay I at all such times to attract its armature.
The difference in potential required to cause the successive impulses which
control the movements in extent of the receiving pen is secured by the resistance R¹
placed in one of the paths of the line circuit. This resistance is adjusted to the
transmitter battery strength, so that when it is in circuit sufficient current will
be on line to actuate magnet I.
In the organization shown herein the resistance R' is placed at seventy-five
ohms. When the transmitting platen is in its elevated position, the current is
alternately wholly broken and passed through the higher resistance R which is
so adjusted to the strength of the transmitting battery that when the current
passes through the same, the strength of the latter will be insufficient to cause
the magnet I to draw up its armature, but will be sufficient to actuate the
magnets and F. It results, of course, from this organization, that when the
transmitting platen is in its elevated position the armature of relay I will at
all times be on its back stop, and when the transmitting platen is in its depressed
position, the armature of relay I will at all times be on its front stop.
The pen raising mechanism at the receiving station is controlled by the
armature of relay I as follows: When the latter, 33, is on its front stop 34
the circuit of local battery is completed through wires k, k¹, armature 33,
wire,pen lifting magnet K, wire wire g to the positive pole of battery z,
and the receiving pen rest is lowered. When the armature 33 is on its back stop
the circuit of magnet K is broken and the receiving pen rest elevated by the
spring 35.
The shifting of the paper is effected at the transmitter as follows: The right line
circuit is at no time wholly broken but is alternately closed by the interrupter 71
without resistance and through the resistance R2 which is so adjusted with re-
ference to the transmitting batteries that the difference in potential which it
affords is sufficient to produce the impulses required to control the movement of
the receiving pen by means of the magnet D1, while at the same time sufficient
current will be at all times on line when the master switch is in the position
shown in Figure 1 to cause the magnet I to draw up its armature.
When it is desired to shift the paper the master switch is shifted until the
contact springs rest upon the row of contact plates 36. In this position of the
master switch the battery is entirely cut off from the line and the relay I releases
its armature. The shitting of the paper is controlled by the relay as follows:
When its armature 37 is against its front contact stop, as is the case while the
instrument is employed in transmitting and receiving messages, the circuit of
the paper shifting magnet is broken. This magnet has a double circuit as
follows:
From the positive pole of battery, through wire g³, contact spring 28,
metal disk 27 and thence through two paths; either contact spring 42, wire m,
contact point 41, lever 37, wire m¹, coils of magnet M, armature 40, spring 39,
contact point 38, wire m² to negative pole of battery or through spring 26,
wires m³, mn, contact point 43, armature lever 37, wire m¹, &c., as before to
the negative pole of battery z¹.
The disk 27 is furnished with a number of insulating pins which successively
intervene between the springs 42, 26 and the disk 27 but do not affect the con-
nection of spring 28 with the disk. As stated above, in the normal writing
position of the instrument, the circuit of magnet M is broken because the
spring 42 rests upon one of the insulating pins. Now when the master switch
at the transmitting station is shifted so as to break the line circuits, magnet I¹
releases its armature and the circuit of magnet M is completed through spring 26,

page_text: Figure 5 is a cross section on the line 5-5 of Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 6 is a diagram of the circuit connections.
Figure 7 shows a modification.
The escapement and reversing mechanism will first be described, referring
particularly to Figures 3, 4 and 5. The escapement magnet E is provided with
a centrally pivoted vibrating armature 101 which carries insulated contact
springs 102, 103, each adapted when the corresponding end of the armature 101
is released, to come into contact with one of two contacts 104, 105. Fixed to
the armature is a forked projection 106 carrying spring pawls 107, 108 adapted
to engage with the ratchet wheel 109 and propel the same. The pawls are
respectively provided with stops 110, carried by the arm 106, and 111 fixed on
the frame which act to lock the pawls in the position in which they are thrown
and prevent any further movement of the ratchet wheel under the inertia of
the pen arm. The ratchet wheel 109 is loosely mounted upon a shaft 112 and
connected thereto by a spring 113, the purpose of this spring connection being
to prevent abrupt jars from being transmitted from the escapement to the
receiving pen. Freely journalled on the shaft are two mitre gear wheels 114
and 115 connected by a third wheel 116 journaled in the frame. Between the
gear wheels 114 and 115 are two friction disks 117 and 118 mounted upon a
sleeve 119 which is keyed to the shaft. Attached to the upper gear wheel 115
is a pen drum 120 also freely revolving on shaft 112. These disks and wheels
constitute together a reversing clutch. The vertical position of the disks 117
and 118 is determined by a lever 121 to one end of which is attached the arma-
ture 122 of reversing magnet H, the pull of the magnet on this armature being
opposed by spring 123. Attached to the frame is the contact spring 124 and
contact 125 the use of which will be hereinafter mentioned.
Referring now to Figure 6, the circuits will be explained. The interrupter
is shown in diagram in the right hand portion of the figure and is one of the
usual forms of construction, the movement of the pen arm in one direction sending
impulses successively of one polarity to line and the movement of the pen arm
in the other direction sending impulses successively of the opposite polarity to
line. These pulsations arrive at the receiving instrument over the line wire L
and at 126 divide, part passing through the non-inductive resistance R and part
passing through polar relay F to binding post 127 and to magnet which
controls the escapement. From binding ost 127, the circuit passes through
coil d d of magnet 1 to binding post 128 and ground. The other branch of the
circuit from dividing point 126 is through the resistance R, binding post 129,

page_text: coil dd of magnet D, binding post 128 and ground. The non-inductive
resistance and the magnet coils of Fare made of about the same resistance; but
owing to the self induction of the magnet coils most of the current will at first
pass through the branch in which the resistance is located, energizing the
coil dd more than the coil d d and attracting the pivoted armature 130 toward
the coil and causing its other end to recede from the coil d d. In this
position it is in contact with the stop 131 and in its opposite position it is in
contact with stop 182. When the line current is interrupted, the coils of
relay give forth an induced current which passes through the coil d d in the
same direction as the line current and through the coil in the opposite
direction to the line current, reversing the position of the armature 130 and
causing it to return to the position shown in Figure 6. In the latter position
of the armature 130, a circuit will be closed from battery Z through switch S,
wire a a, heel piece 13 of magnet D), armature 130, contact 132, wire a¹ a¹,
coile of magnet E, wire a² a² to battery, drawing the armature 101 into the
position shown in Figure 6. In this position a circuit will be closed from
battery Z through wire a², a², coil el of magnet E, wire bb, contact 105, spring 103,
wire, contact stop 125, spring 124, wire 6262 to battery. This circuit,
however, being formed subsequently to the closing of the circuit through coil e
does not disturb the position of the armature 101. When the armature 130
moves so as to fall against the contact stop 131, the circuit previously passing
through the coil e is broken and the armature 101 turns on its pivot under the
pull of the coil e¹. This movement of the armature breaks the circuit of the
coile which passed through the spring 103 and contact 105, but at the same
time another circuit for that coil is closed from battery Z through switch S,
wire a a, armature 130, stop 131, wire ff, wire bb, coil e¹ and wire a² a²
which continues to hold the armature attracted toward the coil e¹. When the
spring 102 strikes the contact 104 a circuit is closed from battery Z through
wire a²², coil e, wire a¹ a¹, stop 104 spring 102, wire bb, contact 125,
spring 124 and wire 6262 to battery. As the armature is now held attracted by
the coil el, its position is not affected, however by the closing of this circuit
through the coil e. The successive changes of position of the armature 101
cause the pawls 107, 108 to drive the ratchet wheel 109 forward. It will be
observed that on each movement of the armature 130 the armature 101 is caused
to move under the pull of an already closed circuit. Its movement is therefore
effected by the breaking of the circuit and demagnetization of the coil, instead
of by the closing of the circuit and magnetization as is usual. As demagnetiza-
tion occupies less time than magnetization, an increased promptness of movement
in the arimature 101 is effected. This is of especial importance where the escape-
ment is operated by the armature so moved, but it is also capable of advantageous
use in an instrument wherein the escapement merely controls the application of
a continuous power or tension to the receiving pen.
The reversal of movement is effected as follows: With one polarity of the line
current, the armature 133 will be in the position shown in Figure 6 and when
the polarity of the line current is reversed, following the reversal in movement
of the transmitting pen, its position will be against the stop 134. In the latter
position a circuit is closed from battery Z through switch S, wires a a, g g,
armature 133, stop 134, wire g¹g, magnet H and wire g² g² to battery, causing
the magnet H to attract its armature and raise disk 117 into contact with gear 115,
reversing the direction of movement of the receiving pen. When, therefore,
the armature 133 is in the position shown in Figure 6, the position of the disks 117
and 118 will be controlled by the spring 123 and the receiving pen will move in
a corresponding direction; and when armature 133 is against the stop 134, the
position of the disks 117 and 118 will be controlled by the magnet H and the
movement of the receiving pen will be reversed.
In order to provide for bringing the receiving instrument into unison with
the transmitting instrument, a collar 135 is attached to the pen arm 130 in such

page_text: a position as to come in contact with the spring 124 and move it away from the
contact 125. On each shifting of the paper, the switch S is opened by the paper
shifting mechanism at the receiver. The controlling circuits of the escapement
magnets are therefore interrupted and the escapement magnets are free to move
under the influence of the local circuits before described passing through the
springs 102, 103 and contacts 104, 105. These circuits will cause the armature 101
to vibrate and consequently the ratchet wheel 109 to revolve, moving the pen
arm 136.
The organization of circuits is such that while the paper is being shifted, the
armature 133 is in the position shown in Figure 6, so that the disk 118 is in
contact with the gear wheel 114 which will cause the pen arm to move toward
the left, as shown in Figure 6. This movement will be continued until the
collar 135 strikes against spring 124 and moves it away from contact 125 which
is a position corresponding to the position of the transmitting pen while the
paper is being shifted.
In Figure 7 a modification is shown in which the movements of the armature
are caused directly by the closing of the circuits through coils e, e¹, respectively
in the usual manner; but in which the springs 102, 103 and contact stops 105, 104
act to open and close shunts passing through resistances r, 1. Thus when the
armature 130 rests against contact point 131, the circuit is closed through wire ff,
contact 105, spring 103, wire bb, coil e¹, battery Z and wire a a. As the
armature 101 is drawn up to the coil e¹ the connection between spring 10%
and contact 105 is broken and the current shunted through resistance. The
circuit connections between resistance r, contact point 104, spring 102 are similar,
so that after each movement of the armature 101, a resistance will be shunted
into the circuit of the coil attracting it. The magnetism which holds the armature
in this position will thus be reduced and the promptness of its movement under
the pull of the other coil will be increased as well as economy of battery
effected.
A third embodiment of the invention wherein is shown particularly improve-
ments in the escapement devices and in the organization of circuits for expediting
the movement of the escapement and also for effecting unison, and which contains
also a modified method of changing impulses of like polarity sent from the trans-
mitter into to and fro impulses at the receiver, is shown in Figures 8 to 13
of the drawings.
Referring particularly to these figures:
Figure 8 is a plan view of the improved escapement:
Figure 8 is a view showing the escapement mechanism in a different position
from that shown in Figure 8.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of the same;
Figure 10 is a sectional elevation on the line 10-10 of Figure 9;
Figure 1 is a diagram of the circuits at the receiver;
Figures 12 and 13 show modifications of the escapement mechanism.
Referring to Figures 8, 9 and 10, the shaft 201 carries one of the receiving
drums 202 of the receiving instrument to which is attached in the usual manner
one of the pen arms 203, and escape wheel 204. The escapement magnet E is
provided with two coils e, e and pivoted armature 205 to which is attached the
forked extension 206 carrying the pawls. Each of these pawls consists, in the
construction shown, of two legs 207, 208 and 207, 208, having faces adapted
to engage with the teeth of the escapement wheel. The legs 207, 208 of each
pawl are fastened together and each are pivoted to the extremity of one of the
forks of the extension 206. The two pawls are designated respectively by the
numerals 209, 209¹. These pawls are adapted to be so shifted that either of
the legs 207, 208 may be caused to take a driving position with reference to
the teeth of the ratchet wheel and the direction in which the ratchet wheel is
moved by the pawls will depend upon this adjustment. That one of the legs of
each rawl which is not in driving position with reference to the escapement

page_text: wheel will be in locking position with reference thereto and will prevent by
its engagement any movement of the escapement wheel beyond the single step
which it takes under the pressure of the other leg. The position of the pawl
shown in Figure is that for moving the escapement wheel in the direction
shown by the arrow.
Means for shifting the position of the pawls in accordance with the direction
in which the escapement wheel is to be driven consists, in the form shown in
these figures, of a spring 210 connected to a pin 211 attached to the leg 207
of pawl 209 and also connected to the pin 212 attached to a prolongation 213
of the pawl 209. The spring 210 is shifted between the positions shown in
full and dotted lines in Figure 8 by the arm 214 projecting upward from the
armature 215 of the reversing magnet H. This arm 214 is slotted at its upper
extremity, as shown in Figure 9, so as to embrace the spring 210, and is preferably
very thin, a watch spring being suitable for the purpose, so that the variations
in distance between its point of attachment to the armature 215 and the
spring 210, due to its angular movement, may be compensated for by the bending
of the arm rather than by friction between the arm and the spring 210, greater
delicacy being thus secured and less exertion of power required by the magnet H.
It will be observed that the tension given to spring 210 in the position which
it occupies in Figure 8 is to cause the legs 207 and 208¹ to always maintain
contact with the escapement wheel and therefore to act as the driving members
of the pawls, the legs 208 and 2071 in this position of the pawls acting as the
locking members. In the position shown in Figure 8 the armature extension 206
has just moved upward (as it appears in the drawing). In making this movement
the leg 208 has just pushed the escapement wheel forward until the leg 2071
came into contact with a tooth and locked the wheel against further movement.
Meanwhile the pawl 209 was inoperative, and remained with its leg 207 pressed
against the escapement by the spring 210. The next movement of the armature
extension 206 will be downward, and during this movement the escapement wheel
will be propelled in the same direction as before by the leg 207 until the leg 208
comes in contact with a tooth of the wheel, preventing further movement, the
position of the parts at that moment being that shown in Figure 8. Meanwhile,
also, the awl 2091 will be inoperative, contact between the leg 208' and the
escapement wheel being, however, maintained by the tension of spring 210.
Reversal of the position of the spring 210 would of course cause the legs 208
and 207 to become the driving members of the pawls and the escapement wheel
will then move in the opposite direction.
This construction is only one of very many forms that may be adopted without
departing from the invention. Any means by which the pawls may be shifted
so as to cause the same in accordance with their position to move the escapement
wheel in either direction is regarded as within this invention. Another form of
construction which may be adopted is shown in Figure 12, in which the
two pawls 216 and 217 are pivoted respectively to the two forks of the armature
projection 206, these pawls being so placed that they have a sufficient amount of
friction on their pivots to hold them in whatever position they are placed.
Attached to the shaft of the escapement wheel is a guide 218 having forked ends,
as shown. This guide is fixed. Each pawl is pointed, as shown, and each
extremity of the guide 218 has a corresponding notch. As each pawl in turn
moves toward the escapement wheel it enters the notch in one of the extremities
of the guide 218. Taking for convenience the description of pawl 216,
if it enters the notch of the guide 218 on the left hand side of
the point of the tooth which lies in the notch it will in being
deflected by the guide cause the escapement wheel to move in the direction
bi the arrow. If, on the contrary, it enters the notch of the guide 218 on the
right hand side of that point it will cause the ratchet wheel to revolve in a
direction opposite to that of the arrow. The construction is such that the point
of a tooth will always be in the centre of one of the notches of the guide 218

page_text: when the pawl is bottomed in the guide notch on the opposite side of wheel 201.
The position in which each pawl enters the notch will be determined by the
position given to it upon the arm 206 by a pivoted stop 219 which engages with
the rear surface 220 of the pawl. These stops 219 are connected with the
armature of magnet H and are so placed on their pivots by the armature of
magnet H as to give positions to the pawls suitably to move the ratchet wheel in
the appropriate direction in accordance with the polarity of the current passing
through the magnet H, which in turn depends upon the movement of the trans-
mitting pen.
In place, however, of having the magnet H modify the positions of the stops 219
the latter may be fixed and the armature H may give a reciprocating movement
to the guide 218. In one of the positions of the guide 218 each of the pawls
will, on entering the corresponding recess, strike against the lower inclined face
of the guide, and in the other position of the guide the same pawls will strike
against the upper inclined face causing in the two cases opposite movement of
the escapement wheel.
In Figure 13 is shown still another construction, in which the pawls 221, 222
are two legged as in the construction shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10, and in which
the position of these pawls instead of being determined by a spring is determined
by pivoted abutments 223 and 224 which are shifted by the action of the
armature of the magnet H so as to give the proper positions to the pawls 221, 222
u; on each contact of these pawls with the abutments. The forked pawls are
pivotally mounted upon the forks of the projection 206, and operate substantially
in the same way as the two legged pawls of Figure S.
Referring to Figure 11, the circuits will now be described. The instrument
is provided with the usual two line wires and it will be understood that, as is
usual in describing such instruments, but one half of the instrument and circuit
connections are shown, these being a duplicate of the other half.
One of the line wires enters at L and passes through a polarized relay F and
the primary winding of an induction coil 1 to the ground. The secondary circuit
of the induction coil passes through a repeating polarized relay J. When the
armature 223 of the magnet rests against the stop 224 the circuit of magnet
coil is closed through wires o, o, contact 225, resistance R, wire o³, con-
tact 226, unison switch 227, wire o to battery. When the arm 223 shifts to
its position against contact 228 the circuit just mentioned will be broken and
the circuit of coil e will be closed through the wire p, ³, spring 229 mounted
upon armature 205, wires 72, 02, etc. to battery. The armature 205 will now
nove under the pull of coil e and its movement will be hastened by the pressure
of spring 229, which is made of some strength and caused to be pulled forcibly
against the stop 230 by the action of coil e¹. As soon as the spring leaves the
stop 230 resistance R is cut into circuit, thus diminishing the pull of the coil e
and causing the armature to more promptly move under the next pull of coil e¹.
Reversal in the direction of movement of the receiving pen is effected by reversal
in the polarity of the pulsations sent to line, which determine the position of
the armature 2:33 of the polar relay F, and thereby the energization or deenergiza-
tion of the magnet H, the operation of which upon the escapement is as above
described. This feature of the invention is of considerable importance for the
reason that in order to secure a high rate of speed in the escapement it is
necessary that the pull of each coil upon the armature should be reduced after
the latter is drawn to the magnet, the promptness of the next successive movement
of the armature being thus very materially affected. Further, economy of the
current is thus secured.
A special organization of circuits for effecting unison is also shown herein.
The induction coils D) are provided with a core and an armature 231
which is normally held against the core when the pulsations are upon
the line. But when an interruption of these currents occurs the arma-
ture 231 falls against the stop 232 and closes circuits from the battery

page_text: through wire q¹¹, armature 223, stop 224, wire o, magnet e¹, wire o¹, resistance R
(or spring 229 when the armature 205 is in the reversed position to that shown),
wire o, contact 226, spring 227, wire o³, to battery; and another circuit through
wire y, armature 223, stop 224, wire q, stop 232, armature 231, wire q', wire p,
coil of magnet e, wire p¹, spring 229 or resistance R¹, according to the position
of the armature 205, wire o2, and on as before. The coils e, e¹ will be successively
energized by these circuits and successively partially deenergized by the move-
ments of the armature 205, and the receiving pen will thus be kept in motion
toward the unison point of the receiver until a stop on the pen arm strikes the
contact spring 227 and moves it away from the stop 226, thus interrupting the
circuits and bringing the pen to rest. The direction of movement of the pen
under these conditions will always be the same, since it will correspond to the
movement of the transmitting pen to the position of unison, which corresponds
also to the position of the armature 233 of the magnet F against stop 234, in
which position the reversing magnet H is deenergized. When the transmitting
pen is moved outward to commence writing the polarity of the pulsations is
reversed, the armature 233 of the polar relay F shifts its position, the armature
of magnet H is drawn up, and the circuit of the escapements is closed around
the unison switch 226, 227. The paper is shifted in this organization by appro-
priate connections also controlled by the armature 231 of induction coil D.
It will be observed that in the construction just described, the repeating
relay is operated by induced currents of both polarities instead of by direct
currents of one polarity and induced currents of another. This construction
has the advantage of simplicity.
A fourth embodiment of the present invention comprising a modified con-
struction of apparatus and organization of circuits is shown in Figures 14 to 18
of the drawings:
In this modification high tension currents produced by induction or otherwise
are sent from the transmitting station to operate the receiving pen, step by step
in accordance with the movements in extent of the transmitting pen. A constant
current of low tension is sent over the same line wires which transmit the high
tension impulses and the polarity of this low tension current is changed to corre-
spond with changes in direction of movement of the transmitting pen. The
low tension current is distinguished at the receiving instrument from the high
tension impulses by a proper adjustment of resistances as hereinafter described.
The advantage of this organization is that the impulses traverse the line wire
as to and fro impulses instead of as impulses of successively like polarity and
therefore they meet with less obstruction in the static capacity of the line both
on account of their alternate change of polarity and on account of their high
tension. In order to distinguish between the high tension and low tension
impulses at the receiver, the step by step mechanism to be operated by the high
tension impulses is placed in ane branch of the main line and the reversing
mechanism to be operated by the low tension current is placed in another branch
of the main line. The former branch is caused to have a low inductive and high
ohmic resistance, while the latter branch, conversely, is made to have high
inductive and low ohmic resistance. Owing to the adjustment of the resistances
in the branches of the receiver, the high tension impulses act practically only
upon the branch containing the step by step mechanism, while the low tension
current acts practically only upon the branch containing the reversing
mechanism.
In Figures 14 to 18 of the drawings is also shown an improvement in the
escapement mechanism by which the latter is simplified and its certainty of
action increased.
Figure 14 is a diagram of circuits illustrating this modification of the invention,
and
Figures 15 and 16 show on an enlarged scale views of the improved esea; ement
mechanism last referred to in different positions.

page_text: Figures 17 and 18 show a modification.
As usual in describing organizations of telautographic instruments there is
shown herein a single line wire with its connections, which provides for the
transmitting movements of the transmitting pen in one of its two crosswise
directions of movement and the reversal thereof. It will, of course, be understood
that the complete instrument includes a second line wire with a duplicate of
the connections shown herein, as shown in Figures 14 and 15, whereby is pro-
vided means for transmitting the movements of the transmitting pen in the
other of its two crosswise directions of movement with the reversal thereof. As
these two halves of the instrument are duplicates of each other the description
of one only is necessary.
The usual interrupter disk, rotating in one direction or the other according
to the direction of movement of the transmitting pen, is shown at 301, the
interrupter at 302, and the prony brake at 303. D is an induction coil having
primary winding 304 and secondary winding 305. The usual divided battery Z, Z¹
may be employed. The usual writing platen is shown at 306, with pen lifting
resistance R. One terminal of the battery is connected by wire 307 with the
primary winding 304 of the induction coil and the interrupter 302. When the
interrupter 302 rests against contact 308 the circuit of the battery is completed
through wire 309. The main line L passes through the secondary winding 305
to resistance R, thence by wire 310 to the writing platen, thence by wire 311 to
the prony brake 303 and one or the other of contact stops 312, 313, respectively
connected to opposite poles of the divided battery Z, 7, by wires 309 and 314.
When the writing platen is depressed the resistance R is short circuited. It will
therefore be seen that the vibrations of the interrupter cause successive makes
and breaks in, the circuit of the primary winding of the induction coil, thus
producing to and fro reverse currents of momentary duration on line.
windings of the induction coil are so related to each other that the induced
currents are of high tension.
The
It will also be seen that there is normally upon line from battery Z, Z' a
constant current of a strength varied by the resistance R according to the position
of the platen 306 and of which the polarity depends upon the contact of prony
brake 303 with one or the other of stops 312, 313. This battery current is
arranged to be at comparatively low tension. The movements of the transmitting
pen in extent therefore result in sending to line a series of two and fro pulsa-
tions of relatively high tension, while the reversal of direction of movement of
the transmitting pen results in changing the polarity of the low tension current
constantly on line; and the depression of the platen increases this current by
cutting out the resistance R.
At the receiving instrument the line divides at 314 and one branch Y passes
through non-inductive resistance R2, the coils of repeating relay C, wire 315 to
ground. The other branch X of the main line passes through coils of reversing
relay F, relay I controlling the pen lowering and lifting mechanism, wire 316
to ground. The first branch mentioned is arranged to have a high ohmic and
low inductive resistance, while the second branch is conversely arranged to have
a high inductive and low ohmic resistance. This is for the purpose of dis-
tinguishing the high and low tension impulses sent from the transmitter, it
being intended that the high tension impulses shall operate only the magnet C,
and that the low tension impulses shall operate only the magnets in the second
branch above described, to wit, magnets F and I. The armature of magnet I
is so adjusted as to respond only to the current of battery Z, Z¹ when the
resistance R is cut out by the depression of the writing platen.
The reversing magnet H is controlled by the relay in the usual manner
through a circuit with local battery z, as shown in Figure 14, and in turn governs
the direction of movement of the escapement, as will be hereinafter more parti-
cularly described.
The escapement magnet E is controlled by circuits passing from the positive

page_text: pole of battery Z to both coils e, e¹ and from these coils to the two contact stops
of the armature of magnet C, and from this armature by a common return wire
to the negative pole of battery z, as shown in Figure 1.
Those skilled in the art will understand the relative adjustments necessary to
be given to the various resistances and magnet coils from the foregoing description.
I will, however, say that a suitable adjustment is one wherein the resistances R
is of 2,000 ohms, resistance R² 4,000 ohms, the maguet E has a resistance of
50 ohms, magnet F a resistance of 400 ohms, magnet I a resistance of 400 ohms.
These resistances are adjusted to a line resistance of 1,500 ohms. It will, of
course, be understood that this adjustment of the resistances may be widely varied
and will necessarily be more or less dependent upon the line resistance.
The operation is as follows:
The movements in extent of the transmitting pen send high tension to and
fro impulses of short duration to line which, owing to the self induction of the
coils of magnets and I, are prevented from passing to any substantial extent
through the branch in which these coils are situated. These impulses are there-
fore forced through the branch in which is the magnet E and through the escape-
ment produce movements in extent of the receiving pen. The low tension current
of battery Z, Z' is constantly on line, but it does not affect magnet E on account
of the high ohmic resistance R². It is caused by this resistance to flow through
the coils of magnets l' and I and the armatures of these magnets are so adjusted
that the armature of magnet F responds at all times to the current of battery Z, Z¹
and the armature of magnet I responds to that current only when the resistance R
is cut out of circuit, as before explained. Consequently on each reversal of the
transmitting pen, causing the reversal in polarity of the battery current, the
armature of magnet F will be shifted, causing the reversing magnet H to be
energized or deenergized according to the position of the armature, and thereby
to determine the direction of rotation of the escapement shaft 317.
Of course, many other arrangements of circuits besides that shown might no
employed for distinguishing between the different kinds of impulses
on line.
It is to be understood that any arrangement of circuits at the receiver which will
cause by inductive effect the high and low impulses or currents to act selectively
for the performance of their respective functions is claimed broadly herein.
The escapement and operation of the reversing magnet will now be explained.
The escapement magnet E is an ordinary polarized magnet with a pivoted
armature 318 carrying pawls 319, 320, acting upon a ratchet wheel 321 carried
by shatt 317 upon which is mounted the drum 322 of the receiving pen arm 340.
The escapement teeth and the pawls are symmetrically inclined on each side
and the incline is such that the escapement wheel may be driven by the pawls.
The motive power which drives the escapement shaft is the magnet E itself,
operating through the pawls 319, 320. The direction in which the pawls move
the escapement wheel is determined by the magnet II operating through pawl 323.
This pawl is provided with a double point, as shown in Figure 16, and is therefore
adapted either to embrace the point of one of the teeth of the escapement wheel,
as shown in Figure 15, or to fall into the notch between two successive teeth,
as shown in Figure 16. It is pressed upward toward the escapement wheel by the
spring 24 and it is so placed with reference to the escapement wheel that as it
falls into a notch between two escapement teeth or as it embraces the point of
one of the escapement teeth, it forces the escapement wheel slightly forward in
the direction in which it is rotating. The escapement wheel and pawls 319, 320
and 323 are so adjusted that when the pawl 323 is in the position shown in
Figure 15, the magnet H being energized, the escapement wheel will be in a
position, (its position being controlled by the pawl 323) such that the inclines
of the pawls 319, 320 will strike the teeth of the escapement wheel so as to
rotate it in the dection of the arrow in Figure 15. As the esca; ement wheel
rotates, the pawl 323 remaining stationary, the pawl 323 is pressed back by the
succeeding teeth against the pressure of the spring 324, thus riding over the

page_text: points of the teeth and alternately falling between the teeth, as shown in
Figure 16, and embracing the point of a tooth, as shown in Figure 15, in each
of its movements toward the escapement wheel giving the escapement wheel a
slight movement forward, as already explained.
When, now, the magnet H is deenergized and its armature 325 rises under the
pull of its armature spring to the position shown in Figure 16, it gives the
escapement wheel 321 a slight rotation in the direction of the hands of a watch
and brings it into a position such that the escapement pawls 319, 320 will fall
upon the inclines of the escapement teeth opposite to the inclines with which
they formerly made contact and will therefore rotate the escapement wheel in
the opposite direction, riz., the direction of the arrow in Figure 16. In Figure 16
the position of the mechanism is shown just after reversal by energization of
magnet H. When the pawl 319 last moved toward the escapement wheel it made
contact with wheel 326 just as is shown in Figure 15, rotating the wheel in the
direction opposite to that of the arrow. The pawl 323 in coming to the position
shown in Figure 15 rotated the escapement wheel in a direction contrary to the
arrow to the position shown in broken lines, in which the pawl 319 was in contact
with the face of tooth 327. At this instant, the magnet H was energized, attract-
ing its armature 325 and causing the pawl 323 to rotate the escapement wheel
to the position shown in Figure 15, in which the pawl 319 is in contact with
tooth 326. The next movement of the armature 318 will cause [aw] 320 to
strike the tooth of the escapement wheel nearest to it as to rotate the escapement
wheel in the direction of the arrow. The pawl 323 will then drop into the notch
between the teeth 328 and 329, and, in so doing, will give the escapement wheel
a slight motion forward carrying the point of the tooth 326 beyond the point of
the pawl 319, so that the latter on its next descent will clear the point of tooth 326
and will so strike the tooth 326 as fo rotate the escapement wheel in the direction
of the arrow. It will therefore be seen that the function of the pawl 323 is two-
fold, (first) after each action of the armature 318 to slightly move the escapement
wheel so as to prevent the point of the pawl from exactly meeting the point of
the tooth with which it next engages and to enable it to move the wheel forward,
and (second) to shift the escapement wheel on its axis in accordance with the
energization or deenergization of magnet H so as to determine the direction of
rotation given to the escapement wheel by the pawls 319, 320.
In Figure 16 the position of the mechanism is shown just after the reversal by
a deenergization of the magnet H. When the pawl 319 last moved toward the
escapement wheel it made contact with tooth 330 just as is shown in Figure 16,
rotating the escapement wheel in the direction opposite to that of the arrow.
As the pawl 323 moved into the opening between teeth 331 and 323, it slightly
continued the rotation of the escapement wheel in the direction imparted to it
by pawl 319, moving the escapement wheel into the position shown by broken
lines. Thereupon the magnet H was deenergized and the pawl 323 rotated the
escapement wheel into the position shown in full lines in Figure 16.
The
At the next movement of the armature 318, the pawl 320 will strike the
tooth 333 and rotate the escapement wheel in the direction of the arrow.
pawl 323 will be driven back by the point of tooth 331 and in returning under
the pressure of spring 324, it will further rotate the escapement wheel in the
direction of the arrow so as to cause the point of tooth 330 to clear the point of
the pawl 319. The pawl 319 on its return movement will strike the face of the
tooth 330 and continue the rotation of the escapement wheel in the direction of
the arrow.
In the construction shown in Figures 17 and 18, there is mounted upon the
shaft of the escape wheel a disk 341 having double the number of teeth of the
escape wheel, with which engages the single pointed pawl 323. This mechanism
operates in precisely the same manner as that shown in Figures 15 and 16, the
single pointed pawl acting with reference to the teeth of disk 341 just as the
double pointed pawl previously described acts with reference to the teeth of

page_text: the escape wheel; that is to say, after each stroke of the pawls 319, 320, pawl 323
acts through disk 341 to slightly advance the escape wheel, and on each change
in condition of magnet H, pawl 23 acts to shift the position of the escape wheel
so that it will take on an opposite direction of movement.
This invention is not limited to the several organizations shown for transmuting
by inductive action the direction impulses sent from the transmitter into to
and fro impulses for controlling the receiving escapement, as various other
organizations accomplishing this result may be employed. Neither is the inven-
tion limited to the particular devices shown for controlling the position of the
receiving pen and for shifting the paper; nor to the particular organizations of
circuits for reversing the direction of movement of the receiving pen;
other details of construction and organization.
nor to
It will be understood that while the magnet E is shown and described as
consisting of a single magnet provided with two coils, the same result may be
obtained by using two separate magnets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated
to me from abroad, I declare that what I claim is: -
:~
1. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in trans-
muting the movements of the transmitting pen into impulses of successively
like polarity, transmuting these impulses by induction into pulsations of
successively opposite polarity, and causing the receiving pen to move a step under
the influence of each of the latter pulsations, substantially as described.
2. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in trans-
muting the movements in extent of the transmitting pen into impulses of
successively like polarity, transmuting said impulses into pulsations of opposite
polarity by induction, controlling the movements in extent of the transmitting
pen by means of said pulsations, and reversing the direction of movement of the
receiving pen by reversal in the polarity of the impulses sent from the transmitter,
substantially as described.
3. The method of telautographic transmission which consists in transmuting
the movements in extent of the transmitting pen into impulses of successively
like polarity, transmuting said impulses by induction into pulsations of successively
opposite polarity, controlling the movements in extent of the receiving pen by
said pulsations, reversing the movement of the receiving pen in direction by
changing the polarity of said impulses sent from the transmitter, and performing
a supplemental operation at the receiver by means of a change in strength in
one of the line currents, substantially as described.
4. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in trans-
muting the movements of the transmitting pen in extent into impulses of
successively like polarity and employing said impulses in combination with
impulses induced thereby to control the movements in extent of the receiving
pen, substantially as described.
5. In a telautographic instrument, the combination of means for sending
impulses of like polarity to line dependent in number upon the movements in
extent of the transmitting pen, means for transforming these impulses by induc-
tion into and and fro pulsations, and means for moving the receiving pen step by
step in accordance with said pulsations, substantially as described.
6. In a telautographic instrument, the combination of means for sending
impulses of like polarity to two line wires dependent in number respectively
upon the movements in extent of the transmitting pen in each of two directions
of motion, means for producing two sets of induced impulses the successive
impulses of each set being of opposite polarity, and means for causing the move-
ments in extent of the receiving pen in two directions operated by said two sets of
to and fro induced impulses respectively, substantially as set forth.
7. In a telautographic instrument, the combination of means for sending

page_text: impulses of like polarity to line dependent in number upon the movement in
extent of the transmitting pen, means for transforming these impulses by induc-
tion into to and fro julsations, means for controlling the movements in extent
of the receiving pen by means of said pulsations, means for reversing the polarity
of the said impulses sent from the transmitter on reversal in direction of movement
of the transmitting pen, and means for reversing the direction of movement of the
receiving pen controlled by said changes in polarity, substantially as described.
8. In a telautographic instrument, the combination of a main line circuit,
a magnet in said circuit for controlling the vertical position of the receiving pen,
means for sending to line impulses of a given strength alternating with interrup-
tions in the circuit for one position of the writing platen, means for sending to
line impulses of another strength alternating with reductions in the strength of
the line current in the other position of the writing platen, the receiving pen
positioning magnet being energized by the current at all times in the second
position of the writing platen, and being deenergized during the first position
of the writing platen, substantially as shown and described in connection with
Figures 1 and 2.
9. In a telautographic instrument, the combination of a main line wire, means
for sending to line impulses of a given strength for controlling the movements
in direction of the receiving pen, said impulses alternating with currents of
reduced strength so as not to affect the movements in extent of the receiving pen,
a magnet in the main line circuit at the receiver for controlling the shifting of
the paper, said magnet being energized by the main line current in both of its
said conditions, and means for interrupting the main line current when it is desired
to shift the paper, substantially as described in connection with Figures 1
and 2.
10. The method of transmitting telautographic messages which consists in
transmuting the movements of the transmitting pen into two sets of impulses of
successively like polarity dependent in number respectively upon the extent of
movement of the transmitting pen, transmuting each of these two sets of pulsa-
tions by induction into impulses of successively opposite polarity, and controlling
the movements in extent of the receiving pen in each of two different directions
by the said two sets of successively opposite pulsations, substantially as described.
11. In a telautographic instrument, the combination of means for sending
impulses of like polarity to two line wires dependent in number respectively upon
the movement in extent of the transmitting pen in each of two directions of
motion, means for transforming each set of these impulses by induction into to
and fro pulsations, and means for controlling the movements in extent of the
receiving pen in two directions by means of said two sets of to and fro pulsations
respectively, substantially as described.
12. In a telautograph, the combination of two magnetic poles, a vibrating
armature therefor, means whereby on each movement of the armature toward
one of the poles, the circuit is closed energizing the other pole, and means for de-
energizing the first named ole after the energization of the second pole, whereby
the reverse movement of the armature is initiated by deenergization of the dominant
pole, substantially as set forth in connection with Figures 3 to 7.
13. In a telautograph, the combination of a receiving pen, an escapement for
controlling the movements of the same, a magnet for controlling the escapement,
an armature for said magnet and circuit connections for closing the circuits of
both coils in each position of the armature and opening the circuit of one of the
coils to cause the armature to move, substantially as set forth in connection with
Figures 3 to 7.
14. In a telautograph, the combination of a receiving pen, an escapement for
ontrolling the movements of the same, a magnet having two coils for controlling
the escapement, a vibrating armature vibrated by the coils of said magnet, circuit
connections operated by the armature such that as the armature moves toward
ach coil in succession, a circuit is closed through the second coil, by which latter

page_text: circuit the magnetism which produces the next change of position of the armature
is developed, means independent of said armature for maintaining the energiza-
tion of the first coil after the energization of the second, and means for deenergizing
the first coil to cause movement of the armature, substantially as set forth in
connection with Figures 3 to 7.
15. The combination of magnets D and E, a circuit for each of the coils of
magnet E controlled by the armature of magnet 1), and a circuit for each of the
coils of magnet E controlled by the armature of magnet E, the connections
being such that the interruption of either of the circuits controlled by the arma-
ture of magnet D causes the armature of magnet E to move under the effect of
the magnetism of one of the circuits controlled by the armature of magnet E,
substantially as set forth in connection with Figures 3 to 7.
16. The combination of the telautographic receiving pen and an escapement
for controlling the movement of the same, a magnet coil and armature for con-
trolling the escapement, a contact spring mounted on the armature, circuit con-
nections whereby on the movement of the armature toward the coil the said
contact spring will operate to change the circuit of the coil so as to reduce the
attraction of the coil for its armature, and a fixed stop against which said spring
presses when drawn up, the joint effect of these features of construction causing a
greater promptness in the next movement of the armature, substantially as
described in connection with Figures 8 to 11.
17. The combination, in a telautograph, of the escape wheel with the two
legged pivoted pawl, the two legs occupying such a relation to each other that
when either acts as a propeller the other acts as a stop, substantially as set forth.
18. The combination of the escape wheel, the vibrating forked projection carry-
ing the pivoted pawls, the spring 210 connected with the pawls at a distance from
their pivots so as to determine their relations to the escape wheel, and means
for shifting the position of the spring, substantially as set forth.
19. The combination of the escape wheel, and pawls, the spring 210, forked
rod 214, and the magnet H, substantially as set forth.
20. In a telautograph, the combination of a receiving pen, an escapement for
directly proj elling the same, a magnet for controlling said escapement, a vibrating
armature for said magnet provided with circuit makers and breakers, whereby
the movement of the armature is continued automatically, and means connected
with the receiving pen for opening the circuits of the escapement magnet when
the receiving pen comes to a position of unison, substantially as set forth in
connection with Figures 3 to 7.
21. The method of telautographic transmission which consists in transmuting
the movements in extent of the transmitting pen into pulsations of high electro-
motive force, transmuting changes in the direction of movement of the trans-
mitting pen into changes of condition in a current of low electro-motive force
traversing the same line wire, and arranging circuits at the receiver so that
selectively by inductive effect the high tension impulses shall control the
mechanism moving the receiving pen step-by-step, and the low tension current
shall control the mechanism effecting the reversal in direction of movement of
the receiving pen, substantially as described.
22. The method of telautographic transmission which consists in transmuting
the movements of the transmitting pen in extent into impulses of successively
like polarity, transmuting said impulses into to and fro impulses of high electro-
motive force by induction, transmuting changes of direction in the movements
of the transmitting pen into changes of polarity in a current of low electro-
motive force, controlling the movements of the receiving pen in extent by means
of said to and fro induced impulses and reversing the direction of movement of
the receiving pen by means of said changes of polarity, substantially as described.
23. The method of giving to a telautographic receiving pen a movement step-
by-step in a given direction and reversing the direction of said movement over
a single line wire, which consists in controlling the step-by-step mechanism at
the receiver by means of a magnet placed in a branch of the main line circuit

page_text: provided with low inductive and high ohmic resistances, controlling the reversing
mechanism by means of a magnet placed in another branch of the main line
circuit provided with high inductive and low ohmic resistances, and sending to
line impulses of high-electro-motive force corresponding in number to the extent
of movement of the transmitting pen, and currents of low electro-motive force
corresponding to changes in the direction of movement of the transmitting pen,
substantially as described.
24. In a telautograph the combination of means for producing to and fro
impulses of high electro-motive force corresponding in number with the move-
ment in extent of the transmitting pen, means for sending to line a current of
low electro-motive force corresponding in polarity with the direction of move-
ment of the transmitting pen, means for moving the receiving pen in extent con-
trolled by said to and fro impulses, and means for reversing the direction of
movement of the receiving pen controlled by the current of low electro-motive
force, substantially as described.
25. The method of telautographic transmission which consists in transmuting
the movements of the transmitting pen in two directions crosswise of each other
into two series of pulsations of high electro-motive force, transmuting the changes
in the direction of movement of the transmitting pen in each of its two cross-
wise directions of movement into changes of condition in currents of low electro-
motive force and adjusting the resistances at the receiver so that the impulses of high
electro-motive force shall control the mechanism for effecting the step-by-step move-
ment of the receiving pen in two crosswise directions, and the changes in the currents
of low electro-motive force shall control the reversal of motion of the receiving
pen in said two crosswise directions, substantially as described.
26. In a telautograph the combination of means for producing two series of
impulses of high electro-motive force corresponding in number with the move-
ments in extent of the transmitting pen in each of two directions crosswise of
each other, means for sending to line currents of low electro-motive force corre-
sponding in polarity with the direction of movement of the transmitting pen in
each of its two crosswise directions of movement, means for moving the receiving
pen. in extent controlled by said two series of impulses, and means for reversing
the direction of movement of the receiving pen in each of its two directions con-
trolled by the currents of low electro-motive force, substantially as described.
27. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, an escape wheel and
a pawl or pawls for propelling the same, a magnet for controlling the escape
wheel, connections with the receiver whereby said escapement magnet is operated
in accordance with the movements in extent of the transmitting pen, means for
shifting the escapement wheel between successive strokes of the pawl so as to
reverse the direction of movement imparted by the pawl to the wheel, a reversing
magnet controlling said means and connections with the transmitting instrument
whereby the reversing magnet is caused to operate on each reversal in the direc-
tion of movement of the transmitting pen, substantially as described.
28. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, an escape wheel and
a pawl or pawls for propelling the same, a magnet for controlling the escap
wheel, connections with the transmitter whereby said escapement magnet is
operated in accordance with the movements in extent of the transmitting pen,
another pawl or pawls acting to shift the wheel between successive strokes of the
propelling pawl so as to reverse the direction of movement imparted to the
escapement wheel, a magnet controlling the action of said last mentioned pawl
and connections with the transmitter whereby said last mentioned magnet is
caused to operate to correspond with changes in the direction of movement of
the transmitting pen, substantially as described.
29. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen. an escape wheel and
a pawl or pawls for propelling the same, a magnet for controlling the escap
wheel, connections with the receiver whereby said escapement magnet is operated
in accordance with the movements in extent of the transmitting pen, means for

page_text: slightly advancing the escapement wheel after each stroke of the pawl and for
rotating the escapement wheel backwards when desired so as to reverse the direc-
tion of movement imparted by the pawl to the wheel, an electro-magnet for con-
trolling said last mentioned means and connections with the transmitter whereby
said electro-magnet is caused to operate in accordance with changes in the direc-
tion of movement of the transmitting pen, substantially as described.
30. A telautographic instrument constructed and organized substantially as
shown in Figures 1 and 2.
31. A telautographic instrument constructed and organized substantially as
shown in Figures 3 to 7.
32. A telautographic instrument constructed and organized substantially as
shown in Figures 8 to 13.
33. In a telautograph, an organization of circuits substantially as shown in
Figure 14.
34. In a telautograph, an escapement operating substantially as shown in
Figures 15 and 16.
35. The method of transmitting step by step movements of the pen in a tel-
autograph by the use of induced currents, substantially in the manner described.
36. In a telautograph, an escapement operating substantially as shown in
Figures 7 and 8.
37. In a telautograph, an escapement operating substantially as shown in
Figure 3.
Dated this 17th day of January 1899.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.