IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING THE WARP IN WEAVING
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGES ANTOINE MARIE MALLEVAL, N° 2, Place Madeleine, Tarare, in the
department of the Rhône and Republic of France, Manufacturer of Muslins, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
STRETCHING THE WARP IN WEAVING" to be as follows:-
This apparatus is an improvement upon the invention for which I have already
obtained Letters Patent under the N° 2109 A.D. 1878.
It is composed essentially of a frame occupying the entire breadth of the loom,
and consisting of two plates joined together by cross-pieces or ties.
Each plate carries, on the outside at about the middle, a round or suitably
shaped axle, by which the frame rests freely upon supports fitted on each side of
the frame of the weaving loom.
Each plate also carries, on the inside, between the two cross-pieces, at the height
of the axles of the frame a bearing to uphold the beam.
The plate to the right also carries, either a regulator with compensator and with
endless screw,
like that described in the Specification to my Letters Patent
N° 2109 A.D. 1878., or, more simply, an ordinary regulator with endless screw,
which gears with a 40 toothed wheel fitted to the beam, which causes the warp to
unwind while restraining it.
This plate further carries, on the outside, and above the axle, a square bent lever,
jointed on the plate. The vertical arm of this lever, turned at the top, carries at
its upper part a pin which takes into a groove made in the support of the frame,
so that when the frame oscillates in one direction or the other, the horizontal arın
of the lever in square, lifts or lowers; this horizontal arm of the lever is in
communication with the lever of the click and spring-work by a band or belt the
length of which may be regulated; it serves to limit the journey of the lever of
the click and spring work in the same manner as in the Specification to Letters
Patent No 2109 A.D. 1878, in order that the warp may always be supplied in
sufficient quantity as the manufacture proceeds.
The upper part of the frame is arranged to carry the thread carrier Roller, or the
ordinary vibrator of power looms.
The warp leaving the beam, where it is held by the endless screw, passes on to
the thread Carrier, or upon the vibrator, to go into the healds.
D

page_text: The frame is actuated backward by each plate at the height of the axles by
weights fitted on each side to a suspension rod, or this rod supports a lever with
rack upon which is placed a weight. It thus stretches the warp, which holds the
entire apparatus in suspension upon its axles, carrying with it in its movement the
weights, the frame, the beam, the regulator and the thread carrier.
The movement of the click and spring work is given by a bent lever jointed to
the frame of the weaving loom, communicating on one side, by a rod with the
batten which causes it to oscillate, and on the other side, by a band with the lever
of the click work; or by any other suitable means.
This apparatus may be adapted to all kinds of looms for weaving whether power
or hand looms.
:

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I GEORGES ANTOINE MARIE MALLEVAL, No 2 Place Madeleine Tarare in the
Department of the Rhône and Republic of France Manufacturer of Muslins do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
STRETCHING THE WARP IN WEAVING" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
L
This Invention relates to an improvement upon that for which I have already
obtained Letters Patent under, the N° 2109: A.D. 1878.
'
Hitherto according to my invention the regulator with compensator and worm
or endless screw, or the simple regulator with endless screw, "was fitted to the frame
of the weaving loom; it supported the warp-beam at one side the other side of this
beam being carried by a support fixed to the frame.
The tension was operated by a tension-roller carried by an oscillating frame,
actuated by weights and independent of the regulator with which it communicated
only by a special lever and a regulating strap or band,, limiting the movement of
the lever of the clickwork in order that the regulator should not cause the warp
to unwind more than necessary.
This arrangement as a whole had the great defect of being difficult of application
to power looms for weaving, in which it became a trouble and incumbrance.
The improved apparatus of this invention obviates all these defects; it consists
in a simplification and condensation of the tension apparatus, which unites in a
single part forming an oscillating frame, the regulator and its click and spring work
to unwind or let off tlie warp, tlie supports of the warp beain, the thread carrying
roller, the special lever and the strap or band which limits the movement of the
lever of the click work.
:
The apparatus thus modified, may be made cither with a regulator having
compensator and endless screw. like that described in the Spécification to my Letters
Patent No 2109 A.D. 1878, or more simply, with an ordinary regulator having
endless screw; it gives a more regular tension to the warp; more convenience to the
Weaver for his work; it may be used either to unwind or let off and stretch the
warp, or to wind or take up the fabric, and it is applicable to all kinds of looms
for weaving, whether power or hand looms.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing:-
Figures 1 and 2 are front and side elevations of my improved apparatus for
unwinding and stretching the warp, constructed with an ordinary regulator having
an endless screw, or worm and fitted to a power loom:
Figure 3, Front elevation of the upright or standard fitted to the frame of the
loon to uphold the apparatus, and of the arrangement of the weight, levers in the
case of great tensions.
;
Figure 4, is a side elevation of the plate of the regulator with an addition of
pinions permitting the turning of the thread carrying roller by the wheel fixed on.
the warp-beam.
Figure 5, Shows another arrangement of the apparatus when the weights of the
warp need not be considered.

page_text: D. Plate resting by a projection in the form of an axle as at Figure 5, or in form
of V or knife edge 1 (Figures 1 and 2) upon a support 2 fixed at a suitable height
upon an upright 3 fitted on the outside to the frame A,
Upon this plate is fitted an ordinary regulator with endless screw or worm R, as
also the click and spring work M which gives it motion. On the other side of the
loom is a similar plate, which is not shewn on the Drawing; it is constructed
exactly inversely to the first, but without regulator; it also rests by a knife edge
bearing upon a second support fixed upon a second upright fitted outside on the
left of the loom frame.
These two plates are strongly connected with each other by two cross pieces
4 and 5, so that their combination forms a movable frame resting freely by the
axles or knife edges 1, upon the two supports 2, which for shortness I term
frame D.
Each plate carries a bearing 6, in which turns the warp beam B, or it is held by
an adjusting screw 7, bearing upon a piece 8 forming cap, it spindles are placed on
the same line as the knife edges, or a little beneath; in order that the weight
of the beam and of the warp which it contains, shall be almost null in relation to
the effects of the tension.
E. Wheel with 40 teeth, keyed on the beam B; it gears with the worm or endless
screw R, which in turning unwinds the warp whilst retaining it.
F. Thread carrying and stretching roller, upon which the warp passes before
going into the healds; it turns in two supports 9 which may be fixed at pleasure
upon the cross piece 4.
When the ordinary vibrator of Power Loom is used, it is made to rest in
a bearing 10, provided for this purpose at the top of each plate D; it then replaces
the roller F.
The cross piece 4 (Figures 1 and 2) may also act as stretching roller, or it may
be enveloped by a hollow cylinder, resting by its ends upon a bearing 11 suitably
arranged on each plate D, or even fitted on the cross piece 4.
M. Click and Spring work giving motion to the regulator; the lever 12 of the
clickwork is set in motion when the warp opens, by a bent lever 13, jointed on the
frame A, which, on the one side communicates with the lever 12, by a 14 strap or
band of leather, a chain or other suitable connection and on the other receives its
movement from the batten by a rod 15, and a joint 16, fitted to the batten b.
The movement of the lever 13, should be sufficient to advance the ratchet
wheel M at each stroke, a number of teeth equal to the number of teeth of the
ratchet, divided by the number of weft strokes which may be had in 1/4 of an inch.
When the regulator is with compensator, the arm a in which terms the axle of
the endless screw R, will be arranged to receive this regulator, which will itself
carry its spring and clickwork.
L. Bent lever jointed on the plate D, its horizontal arm carries a regulating
strap or band, or better a regulating rod 17, which communicates with the lever of
the click work; when this rises, the rod 17, slides in the lever.arm, but in lowering
it is held by a nut 18, so that it serves to increase or lessen the movement of the
lever 12, as will hereinafter be explained.
The vertical arm of the lever L, carries a stud 19, which takes into a slot made
in the top of the before mentioned support 2.
When the apparatus is drawn forward by the fabric in winding, the lever L,
held at its upper part by the stud 19, is obliged to turn; the end of its lower arm
lowers, which increases the journey of the lever of the clickwork and permits it
to give more warp.
The opposite takes place when the apparatus pivots in the opposite direction,
that is to say, when too much warp is unwound. It is sufficient when beginning
the weaving to regulate the length of the rod 17, by screwing or unscrewing. the
nut 18, until the apparatus assumes a position nearly vertical but inclining
backward, to make it work without it being necessary to touch it again, so long as
the warp lasts.

page_text: The lever L, and the regulating rod 17, replace and perform the work of the
lever 16, and regulating band 19, of my Patent N° 2109 A.D. 1878.
This lever L may also be placed under the clickwork lever 12, so as to hold it
when it lowers again; for this purpose it must be made to move inversely, that is
to say, that the vertical, arm carrying the stud 19, will be placed beneath the axle
of this lever.and the supporting slot will be arranged in the same way. The effect
of this lever receiving the lever 12, upon its horizontal arm after each movement
will be to limit its journey in the same manner as the rod 17.
The lever 13 may also communicate movement to the clickwork lever 12, by
attaching the strap or connection 14 to the regulating rod 17 above the nut 18.
G. Frame formed in each plate to receive a V or knife edge nut 20, which holds
a rod 21, that supports by a buckle or strap the lever 22, jointed on the upright 3,
and carrying the weight P.
In the case of great tensions I use the arrangement Figure 3. The rod 21
supports a small lever 23, at the end of which bears the lever 22 by the
intermediary of a movable piece 24 which rests loosely in a frame at the end of
the lever 23.
H. Lever jointed on the frame A, and placed behind the disengaging lever d; it
communicates with the frame D, by a band 25, shown in dotted line.
If, from any cause, a sufficient quantity of warp is not provided, the frame D,
in swinging would draw with it the lower arm of the lever H, and then, its upper
arm bearing on the clutch lever would cause disengagement.
The beam B, unable to turn in the bearings, because it is held by the endless
screw or worm R, makes one piece as it were with the frame D, all the movements
of which it follows; so that the warp, being held in front by the fabric which
winds and at the back by the regulator, holds the entire apparatus in suspension
and is subjected to the influence of the weights which stretch it.
The tension is effected regularly by the thread carrying roller, conjointly.with
the beam and the frame D actuated by the weights according to the lever arms,
going from the frame G to the axles 1, and from the axles 1 to the axle of the
thread carrying roller.
These points being invariable; the tension is always the same, without it being
necessary to shift the weights however much the beam may lessen during the
weaving.
The frame D, may be actuated either by levers carrying weights, as shewn on
the Drawing, or by weights suspended to the frames G, or by cylinders carrying
weights, or by cords attached on the one side to the cross piece 5, going round the
beam and carrying weights at the other end; or, attached to the lever 22; or by
any other suitable means.
When the weights are to be placed above the loom, the frames G, are arranged
as shown Figure 5.
The bearings in which the spindles of the beam turn may be replaced by hollow
axles into which the spindles are entered.
This arrangement is too well known to require further explanation; it will
suffice to state that the hollow axles must traverse the axles 1, of the frame D,
which serves to support them.
The wheel E may also be made to turn upon the hollow axle of the regulator,
instead of being keyed on the beam, which it will then draw and retain by means
of any kind of fork or connection.

page_text: As the warp unwinds, the roller F will be obliged to turn in the same direction,
and with a speed. corresponding to its diameter, and to the number of the teeth of
the pinions employed.
This arrangement is useful, when the warp opens on the lift, and that the threads
of the warp are uplifted in small quantities at each stroke.
In fabrics in which the weight of the warp may be neglected; it is not necessary
that the axle of the beam' should be placed. on the same centre or nearly so of the
axle 1, or of any axle.
The axle 1, being placed as shown in the Figure, the stretching roller F will be
set vertically at a suitable height above, and the centre of the beam will be placed
on the horizontal line passing through the centre of the axle 1, at the desired
distance; then, the weight of the beam will itself aid to stretch the warp.
4.
Arrangement of the Apparatus to soften the shed or opening of the warp in
Power Looms without injury to the strength of the beating.
$
To obtain this result.it is sufficient to fit each plate D interiorly with a concentric
flange of from 5 to 6 Centimetres in breadth and at about 15 Centimetres from
the centre, upon which will be made to bear a brake, formed by a lever jointed in
the frame A; this brake, actuated only at the moment of the beating by a cam
keyed on the axle of the: batten, will for an instant fix the apparatus which may
without yielding support the shock produced by the beating, and which afterwards
will become free in all its movements.
This arrangement permits giving a relatively weak tension to the warp, during
its opening and, when the beating takes place, the action of the brake compensates
the difference of tension necessary to reduce the weft.
When the apparatus is constructed with a regulator having compensator and
endless screw the same result may be obtained in the following manner:-
I set upon each end of the crank shaft of the Loom two similar excentrics moving
a connecting rod which actuates the frame D by the cross piece 4, which serves
for axle, or by a joint upon each plate D. The two excentrics should move the
frame so as to advance the thread carrying roller a distance equal to that required
for the; warp when open, and to, push it back when the warp is closed to strike
the weft.
This arrangement permits the suppression of the weights which actuate the
frame D.
Use of the apparatus to Wind or take up the fabric.
The apparatus for unwinding the warp should be employed together with a
regulator having compensator, or any other regulator for winding up the fabric.
When on the contrary the apparatus is used to roll up the fabric the warp should
be unwound by a regulator with compensator.
.
In this case the apparatus will be constructed exactly inversely in the direction
of its depth, in order that the regulator and its click and spring work may be
always placed on the right of the loom and the frames G in front as well as the
weights which are to stretch the fabric.
The.click and spring work will continue its movement which will cause winding
or taking on insted of unwinding or letting off, only the lever Linstead of having
its arm vertical, above its centre, will have to be reversed in order that the rod 10,
may lower its horizontal arin; when too much fabric has been made, which will
give more action to the lever 12, for winding.

page_text: Modification of the apparatus when a large quantity of warp is to be
delivered or let off each time.
When several millimetres of warp are to be let off at a time-say from 2 to 10
millimetres or more-as is required for the pile warp of velvets I fix on the axle
of the endless screw or worm R in lieu of the ratchet M, a wheel or pinion having
say 15 teeth, which will be actuated by a wheel having from 30 to 100 teeth and
even more, according to the quantity of warp delivered or let off.
I place an intermediate pinion between the 15 toothed-pinion and the aforesaid
wheel to preserve the same direction in the movement of the endless screw or
worm R.
I couple the wheel having from 30 to 100 teeth with the ratchet wheel M, which
communicates the movement to the whole of the apparatus by the lever 12 as
already above explained.
I desire it to be understood that I may apply my apparatus in whole or in part
to all kinds of Regulator, either for winding up the woven fabric or for unwinding
the warp; that I may apply the apparatus herein before described to all kinds of
Power and Hand Looms with such modifications as may be required to fit it
thereto; that I may use simultaneously two or more of my apparatus when the
woven fabric has two or more warp beams and that I may construct it either with
a regulator having compensator with endless screw or worm or with an ordinary
simple regulator with endless screw or worm or with any other regulator which
may be found desirable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I Claim is
1. An apparatus for stretching the warp in weaving combined and arranged to
operate substantially as hereinbefore described and shown on the Drawing for the
purposes specified.
2. In an apparatus for stretching the warp in weaving the combination with an
oscillating frame of the regulator and its click and spring work, of the supports of
the warp beam, of the thread carrying roller, and of a lever and regulating strap
or band or regulating rod limiting the movement of the lever of the click and
spring work, the whole substantially as described for the purposes specified.
Dated this thirteenth day of October 1884