matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR CASTOR SOCKETS AND SKATES WITH OR WITHOUT ANTIFRICTIONAL ROLLERS FOR SPHERICAL BALL MOTION, AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH SPHERICAL BALL MOTION CAN BE APPLIED
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watkins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876.
JOHN WATKINS, of Small Heath, Birmingham, Engineer, in the County of
Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS FOR CASTOR SOCKETS AND SKATES WITH
OR WITHOUT ANTIFRICTIONAL ROLLERS FOR SPHERICAL BALL MOTION, AND OTHER
ARTICLES TO WHICH SPHERICAL BALL MOTION CAN BE APPLIED."
I make a socket, the interior of which is divided by an annular disc bearing, and
the upper part of which is made to fit and slide easily on the end of furniture legs
or other articles to which roller castors are applicable, the holes in the upper part
of the socket, through which the pins pass, are slotted vertically, and allow the end of
the leg when inserted therein to slide freely. Before securing the socket I place therein
an india-rubber or or metallic spring therein, which when brought in contact with
the end of the leg is pressed down on the disc and again springs upwards on the
pressure being relieved, thus interior spring action is procured. In the lower part of
the socket in which a spherical ball is placed is a metallic disc against which the ball
takes its upper central bearing; to avoid friction I raise centre nibs or rollers in the
interior of the socket thus procuring centre bearing only for the spherical ball
when in motion.
I claim the method of securing the ball in the socket as follows:-The ball
inserted therein taking its upper bearing against the centre disc is allowed to
project half its own diameter, and is then secured in the socket by a perforated screwed
cap or rim made a shade smaller in the hole than the diameter of the ball, and
in order to facilitate the universal free action of the ball I apply in contact therewith
antifriction rollers, which revolve on a circular ring bearing or single pivot or
spindles in brackets secured to the castor socket in a triangular, poligon, or other
form. To further illustrate the application of the rollers in contact with the ball
I thus place in the lower part of the socket a ring, for which I provide a shoulder
bearing, I divide and slot the cup vertically to admit the rollers on the ring to
pass through the slots sufficiently deep to avoid contact with the screwed cap that
secures the ball in the socket when finally attached thereto, the rollers being thus
placed in position from the upper central bearing of the spherical ball in motion.
And furthermore, the ring on which I place the rollers can be secured to the outside
[Price 2d.l

page_text: of the socket precisely as the interior before described, I can also use sep arat
spindles or pivots upon which the antifrictional rollers revolve, but prefer the ring
which forms the sole spindle for the number of rollers required, the socket is made
if desired in halves and joined together by rivetting and to revolve freely one in
the other when connected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LIGHTING; WHICH CONSIST IN ADJUSTING THE SUPPLY OF AIR TO THE BURNER SO AS TO GIVE MAXIMUM LIGHT FOR A GIVEN CONSUMPTION OF GAS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Hoeftmann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1876.
OSCAR HOEFTMANN, of 21, Kingston Terrace, Charlton, in the County of Kent,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LIGHTING; WHICH CONSIST IN ADJUSTING THE
SUPPLY OF AIR TO THE BURNER SO AS TO GIVE MAXIMUM LIGHT FOR A GIVEN
CONSUMPTION OF GAS."
The Invention consists in so adjusting the supply of air to the burner as to give
maximum light for a given consumption of gas, which adjustment of the supply of
air is obtained by regulating the size either of the orifice where the air inflows to
the burner, or of the efflux orifice, or both these orifices. The regulating of the size
of these orifices or either of them may be variously accomplished, but I prefer to
adjust a diaphragm at the top of the glass or chimney or chamber in which the
light burns, so as to regulate as may be necessary the distance of the edges of the
chimney, glass, or chamber, the space between the edge of the glass chimney or
chamber and the edges of the diaphragm being the efflux orifice. Or I form the
efflux orifice in a diaphragm attached at the edges to the chambers in which the
light burns. Or, again, I regulate the supply of air inflowing to the burner.
And I claim as my Invention this said regulating of the inflow or outflow of air
to the burner or of both influx efflux, but I do not claim the application of this
principle to heating purposes, and I claim only the regulation of the form of
the chamber in which the light burns at the inflow and outflow orifices for
the air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN COMMUNICATING MOTION TO SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills, of the Firm of Harris and
Mills, of 23, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, l'atent
Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN COMMUNICATING MOTION TO SEWING AND OTHER MACHINES."
A communication from abroad by Messieurs Dreyer and Schipmann, of the
City of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany.
Sealed the 11th August 1876, and dated the 2nd June 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Joseph Barnard
Mills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd June 1876.
BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and Mills, of 23,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN COMMUNICATING MOTION TO SEWING
AND OTHER MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Messieurs Dreyer and
Schipmann, of the City of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus employed
in communicating motion to sewing and other machines in which it is desirable to
guard against driving the machine backwards.
For this purpose the driving wheel, which is mounted loosely on its shaft, is
provided with a pin or stud of the required strength. On the said shaft is fixed a
wheel, which is formed with a groove or chase in the side thereof, within which
the pin or stud on the loose wheel works. This groove or chase is mainly of an
annular form, but is provided with one or more spaces or recesses communicating
therewith and extending from the outer periphery thereof, and with a corresponding
number of noses or projections standing out from the inner periphery thereof. In
the fixed wheel is placed a loose piece or driver, which is formed of leather, vulcanite,
wood, metal, or other suitable material, and shaped at one end to give motion to
the fixed wheel, whilst it may be driven at either end by the pin or stud on the
loose wheel. By turning the driving or loose wheel on its shaft in one direction
the pin or stud on the loose wheel will drive the loose piece or driver all round the
[Price 2d.1

page_text: groove or chase without any interruption or resistance from the nose or projection
and space or recess opening out from the groove or chase, and consequently without
producing any effect on the fixed wheel, but by turning the driving wheel in the
opposite direction the stud or pin will, aided by the nose or projection, drive the
loose piece or driver into the corner or angle of the space, and thus communicate 5
motion to the fixed wheel, which will set in motion the driving shaft and con-
sequently the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lawson Thackeray, of Arno Vale, in the Parish of
Arnold, and Edward Glover, of Radford, both in the County of Nottingham,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING SILK,
COTTON, AND OTHER FIBRES."
Sealed the 5th May 1876, and dated the 22nd February 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lawson Thackeray and
Edward Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
February 1876.
JOHN LAWSON THACKERAY, of Arno Vale, in the Parish of Arnold, and EDWARD
GLOVER, of Radford, both in the County of Nottingham. "IMPROVEMENTS
MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING SILK, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBRES."
IN
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for doubling silk,
cotton, and other fibres.
For this purpose the yarns to be doubled are as at present lapped around a roller,
which is caused to rotate by resting upon another roller, which is driven at an
uniform surface speed corresponding to the rate at which the yarns should be
passed forward to the doubling spindle, but, according to this Invention, in order
to prevent the waste which now arises when the yarns break from the ends being
wound forward, so as to cause them to interfere with other threads in the machine,
we mount the roller around which the yarns are lapped upon a weighted lever,
so arranged that when the yarns break and so relieve the lever of their tension,
it lifts the roller carried by it out of contact with the driving roller, and so the
rotary motion which causes the yarns to be fed forward is at once arrested.
The arrangement as we prefer to carry it into practice is illustrated by the
annexed sectional Drawing, in which a is the driving roller; b, the lever having
its fulcrum at 61; c, the roller around which the yarn to be doubled are lapped,
the lines d, d, representing the yarn; c¹ and c² are small guide rollers, which lead
the yarns after they leave the roller c down to the doubling spindle; c* is a
counterpoise on the lever b, its position can be adjusted according to the strength
of the yarns and the tension which it is desired to apply.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING THE ENDS OF ROLLS FOR METAL ROLLING."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Richard Wheeldon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1876.
FREDERICK RICHARD WHEELDON, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FINISHING THE ENDS OF
ROLLS FOR METAL ROLLING."
The object of this invention is by means of the apparatus herein-after described
to finish the ends of rolls by mechanical means instead of by hand labour as at
present
The roll having been placed in position is operated on by a contrivance which
I call a wabble cutting machine, by means of which the grooves are cut out of the
ends of the roll, and which consists substantially in a horizontal boring bar or
hollow spindle sliding freely endways through a hollow bush supported in a carriage
or plummer block in which it turns.
A series of spui wheels are provided, the largest of which is keyed upon the
hollow bush before mentioned, and through which the boring bar or spindle slides.
This said bar or spindle has a groove running in a longitudinal direction, and a key
18 fixed in the said hollow bush so that the bar is compelled to turn with the bush,
although the said bar is free to slide endways A set of self-acting wheels for giving
motion to a screw are now provided, and are fixed inside the hollow spindle before
mentioned; these are for giving a endway motion to the said bar or spindle, the
screw working through a fixed nut or bush in a hollow bush provided. A boring
head is fitted into the said hollow spindle, & is armed with a series of steel
cutters for cutting out the flutes in the wabbler. The wheels and pinions are
caused to evolve by means of fast and loose driving pullies. Carriages are
provided for holding the roll whilst being operated upon, the roll being supported
at each end by a shaped block, this said block being raised to any required
height by means of screw slings which support a carrying bar passing under the V
blocks.
When the before-mentioned fluting head is not in use, and it is desired to face
or turn the ends and sides of the wabbler, a cutting box is fixed on the end of the
spindle or boring. bar, and the operation is carried into effect by fixing a plate
containing any desired number of steel cutters for surfacing the outside of the
FD71

page_text: wabblers, and in the interior of the box is fixed a second plate carrying steel
cutters for facing the ends of the roll wabblers, this second plate being fixed at the
same distance from the front cutters as the length of the wabbler, so that when the
cutters of the front plate reach the shoulder at the junction of the neck and wabbler,
the cutters of the second plate come into operation at the same moment for facing 5
the end of the wabbler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MODE OR MEANS OF STOPPERING OR CLOSING SUCH BOTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Batten, Joseph
Griffin, and Francisco Prudencio at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 21st November 1876.
CHARLES WILLIAM BATTEN, JOSEPH GRIFFIN, and FRANCISCO PRUDENCIO, all
of Bristol, Manufacturers of Mineral Water. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES FOR
CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MODE OR MEANS OF STOPPERING OR
CLOSING SUCH BOTTLES."
Our Invention relates to that class of bottles and stoppering devices in which the
interior of the mouth and neck of the bottle is made of sufficient size for the passage
of an internal stopper, and is contracted by the insertion of a tubular filling piece
after the introduction of the stopper into the interior of the bottle, and it consists in
forming in the interior of the mouth and neck of the bottle two flanges or shoulders
at a suitable distance apart, and in constructing the tubular filling piece (which is
composed of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material) with two corresponding
flanges or shoulders, the whole being arranged in such a manner that when such
filling piece is inserted in its place one set of the flanges or shoulders shall prevent
the filling piece from falling into the bottle, whilst the other set prevents its ejection,
and that the lower flange or shoulder on the filling piece shall also act as a washer,
against which the stopper (constructed by preference of a spherical form) bears or
presses when forced up into contact therewith by the pressure of the gas in the
liquid.
By means of this Invention a perfectly gas-tight joint is obtained, and a con-
siderable saving is effected in the cost of stoppering devices, whilst facility is
afforded for the renewal of the filling piece when deteriorated by being constantly
ro-utilized.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th October 1876.
JOHN HARRIS, of Montreal, in the Dominion of Canada, but at present of Kilburn,
in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
My Invention relates to rotary engines driven by steam, water, air, or other fluid,
and consists in constructing the engine in the form of wheels with tubes, pipes,
passages, or chambers, arranged in such a manner that the motive fluid under
pressure which is admitted into a central hollow shaft shall be caused to flow
therefrom to the circumference, and then back again to the central hollow shaft,
whence the fluid escapes into a vacuum chamber, or into a discharge pipe, as the
case may be. The exterior of the engine may have the form of a simple or com-
pound circle, the circumference of which is a cylinder or chamber connected at each
of its extremities with the hollow shaft of the engine by a conductor communicating
with the supply and escape pipes respectively, or the engine may be constructed in
the form of a helix or spiral expanding outwards from the central hollow shaft, and
then contracting inwards (back again) to such shaft.
When considerable power is required I provide at suitable intervals on the tubes,
pipes, passages, or chambers, of which the engine in great part consists obstructions
formed in various manners, such for example as flattened wires, discs, or spherical
bodies, made of metal or other suitable material. The fluid thus enters from the
central hollow shaft & flows in a ciurvilinear direction through the chambers in order
to reach the outlet, and its direct progress being more or less obstructed and impeded
by the said flattened wire or other suitable obstructing medium, or in some cases
by the friction only against the sides of the conducting chamber or pipe, the motion
of the circulating fluid is communicated to the wheels constituting the engine.
The chambers of which the wheels consist are so formed & connected in the centre
that the whole apparatus is free to turn upon the central shaft as an axle, which
shaft being hollow contains both the inlet & outlet pipe within it, and thus
serves both as the axis of revolution of the engine, and as its supply and exhaust
chamber. The shaft, which is stationary, is formed at the parts where the wheels
are fitted with circumferential slots, arranged so that as the wheels revolve a

page_text: sufficient area of passage shall constantly be open for the admission of the fluid
into the revolving wheels and for the egress therefrom.
Working mechanical power may be communicated from the engine in motion,
either from the hollow shaft by means of a driving wheel, or by the employment of
a grooved or toothed wheel, which may be directly attached to the sides of the
revolving chambers or wheels of the engine, and which consequently partaking of
the motion of the latter will serve to transmit the power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ward, John Ward, and
William Ward at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th
January 1876.
HENRY WARD, JOHN WARD, and WILLIAM WARD, the younger, all of Leeds, in
the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICK MAKING MACHINERY."
[
Our Invention relates to machinery for moulding and pressing bricks into
suitable forms from clay or other dry plastic or semi-plastic material, and the
improvements are as hereafter described. Between suitable framework we provide
a table over which are fixed one or more cylinders; in each cylinder is fitted so as
to slide freely rammers or pressers in a similar manner to those used in hydraulic
cylinders; at the end of each rammer or presser is arranged a suitable form for
pressing the brick. In the table is provided under each rammer or presser a mould
of suitable form, into which the material required for the formation of the brick is
deposited. On the herein-before mentioned table is provided a box or measure in
which the clay is first. passed from a hopper of ordinary construction; by this
arrangement the amount of clay can be regulated according to the size of brick
required. Whilst the box or measure is being filled the brick is being pressed in
each mould.
An intermittent reciprocating motion is imparted to the box or measure by a cam
motion or other equivalent means. Within each inould in the table is provided
another plunger, which is employed for forcing the brick out of the mould. The
required motion is given to these plungers from cams, eccentrics, or other
equivalent means.
In order to prevent breakage of the machine we, by preference, fill the space
above the upper rammer or presser within the cylinder with water or other
equivalent fluid, and in a convenient position on each cylinder is provided a safety
valve, on which are used weights in preference to springs. When any undue
pressure is put on the rammer or presser the fluid contained in the space in the
cylinder opens the safety valve and allowed to run out; by so doing the pressure
is taken off the rammer or presser, and which is allowed to move back into the space
originally occupied by the fluid.
Above each upper rammer or presser cylinder may be provided other sets of
moulding apparatus arranged in the same manner as herein-before described; by
this arrangement the upper and lower sets of moulding apparatus may be driven

page_text: from the same gearing, and so arranged that as the lower apparatus is pressing and
forming the brick, the formed brick is being removed from the mould in the upper
apparatus.
When preferred instead of using fluid a dead weight on the rammer or presser
may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING AND REGISTERING CHECKS AND TICKETS AND THEIR COUNTER- FOILS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jerome Courtney, of Water Lane, Tower Street, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR SECURING AND REGISTERING CHECKS AND TICKETS AND THEIR COUNTER-
FOILS."
Sealed the 1st June 1877, and dated the 5th December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jerome Courtney at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1876.
JEROME COURTNEY, of Water Lane, Tower Street, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING AND REGISTERING CHECKS AND
TICKETS AND THEIR COUNTERFOILS."
The improvements consist in the construction and application of a hinged case
or box furnished with or without spikes or similar contrivances for the purpose of
enclosing and securing the counterfoils of tickets, checks, and such like; also in the
application to such case or box of any convenient locking apparatus and key so as
to prevent tampering with the secured counterfoils.
The improvements can be performed by taking a series of tickets, say tram
tickets, furnishing each of them and their respective counterfoils with corresponding
numbers.
The case or box, which may be of metal or any convenient material, is made
to hold the counterfoils only, and allow the tickets to project from the side or
other convenient part of such case. When in use a ticket is torn off and the
counterfoil left in the case and thus secured and registered.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jerome Courtney in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th June
1877.
JEROME COURTNEY, of Water Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING AND REGISTERING CHECKS AND TICKETS
AND THEIR COUNTERFOILS,"
•

page_text: The improvements consist in the construction and application of a hinged case
or box furnished with or without spikes or similar contrivances for the purpose of
enclosing or securing the counterfoils of tickets, checks, and such like; also in the
application to such case or box of any convenient locking apparatus and key so as
to prevent tampering with the secured counterfoils.
The improvements are to be performed by taking a series of tickets, say tram
tickets, furnishing each of them and their respective counterfoils with corresponding
numbers.
The case or box, which may be of metal or any convenient material, is made to
hold the counterfoils only, and allow the tickets to project from the side or other
convenient part of such case. When in use a ticket is torn off and the counterfoil
left in the locked case and thus secured and registered.
In some cases I construct the case or box with a hole in the top or bottom, or in
both top and bottom, through which may be seen the number of the first counterfoil
or the last, or both, and thus a convenient mode of reference be afforded.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jerome Courtney, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JEROME COURTNEY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR COUNTING AND RE- CORDING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING OR LEAVING PUBLIC VEHICLES, THEATRES, OR OTHER PLACES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Hainilton Thomson, of No. 5, Bolton Road, St.
John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR COUNTING AND RE-
CORDING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING OR LEAVING PUBLIC VEHICLES,
THEATRES, OR OTHER PLACES"
Sealed the 20th February 1877, and dated the 23rd August 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Hamilton Thomson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1876.
EDWARD HAMILTON THOMSON, of No 5, Bolton Road, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES
FOR COUNTING AND RECORDING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING OR LEAVING
PUBLIC VEHICLES, THEATRES, OR OTHER PLACES."
This Invention has for its object to provide simple, efficient, and durable apparatus
or appliances to be operated by the person in charge of the omnibus, theatre,
park, or other place, and which shall cause the number of persons entering or
leaving to be registered on a dial After each day's work or at any convenient time,
say at each end of the journey of an omnibus, a releasing piece is operated to cause
the indicator to return to zero; the apparatus or appliances at the same time prints,
emboss, or otherwise marks on a strip of paper or like material the number of persons
who have entered or left the omnibus, theatre, or other place during a given time.
For the above purpose I employ in combination a type, embossing, or like wheel,
carrying or operating an indicator, a ratchet wheel attached to the said type,
embossing, or like wheel operated by a pull or like piece, a spring or weight to
cause the indicator and type, embossing, or like wheel to return to zero when the
ratchet wheel is released, and mechanism for giving motion to the strip of paper or
like material on which the figures or numbers are marked.
The type wheel is caused to print or emboss by the releasing mechanism above
mentioned, and carbonized or like paper or inking mechanism is employed if desired
to effect permanent registration of the numbers.

page_text: Second. Combining with registering apparatus operated by hand printing
mechanism.
Third. The apparatus or appliances for registering, substantially as described for
the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Hamilton Thomson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
J. JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
Witness,
E. H. THOMSON (L.s.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES BY MEANS OF REVOLVING BRUSHES DRIVEN BY A CRANK AND FLY WHEEL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Andrews at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th May 1870.
"
WILLIAM ANDREWS, of Breaston, in the County of Derbyshire, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANING BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES BY MEANS OF
REVOLVING BRUSHES DRIVEN BY A CRANK AND FLY WHEEL."
My Invention relates to machinery for cleaning boots, shoes, and other articles of
a similar character, and consists in having two or more brushes placed upon a
spindle, running in bearings in two cast-iron supports or frames.-At the centre of
the spindle there is placed a groved pulley, worked from a similar groved pulley
fixed upon another shaft running in bearings at the lower part of the standards or
frames supporting the working parts of my machine. Connected to the groved
pulley on the bottom or lower shaft is a fly wheel to regulate the working of the
machine; at both ends of the lower spindle are placed cranks fixed in circular plates
called crank plates, to which are connected the treadles worked by the feet.
The method of carring out my said Invention is by pressing the boots, shoes, or
other articles to be cleaned against the revolving brush or brushes.
ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Burke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1876.
MICHAEL BURKE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
ROLLER SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of the said Invention is to provide a simple, durable, and efficient roller
skate, and consists in forming the connection between the roller and body of the
skate by means of wedge-shaped rocking pieces, held together by a pin. The
rocking pieces are curved vertically and wedge-shaped laterally. One of such
pieces is fastened to the body of the skate and the other connected to the roller
in such manner that the body of the skate on being canted sideways rolls on the
curved portion at the same time that the wedge portions give a lateral motion to
the roller. The pin passes through the two pieces horizontally. Two of these
appliances and rollers in practice are used, one at each end of the body of the skate,
and thero may be more than one roller to each appliance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDNANCE AND PROJECTILES, AND IN THE MODE OF FIRING THE SAME WITH PRECISION."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Blewett Winchester
and Henry Everest at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th
April 1876.
WILLIAM HENRY BLEWETT WINCHESTER, F.R.C.S., of Barnes, Surrey, and HENRY
EVEREST, F.R.C.S., of Westbourne Terrace Road, Paddington. IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ORDNANCE AND PROJECTILES, AND IN THE MODE OF FIRING
THE SAME WITH PRECISION."
1stly. This Invention consists in the construction of a gun having a central bar
which hollow or solid, and is screwed into the breech of the gun and extends the
entire length of the barrel. The object of this bar is to give accuracy of flight to
the projectile, which it is presumed will be equal, if used as a smooth-bored gun, to
that of a rifled gun, this bar is made hollow for the purpose of taking sight directly
through the centre of the gun itself, hence we give it the specific name of telescope
gun, whereby precision is attained and also a secure position for the touch-holes (two
or more). In large guns by this method of taking sight through the centre of the
gun the person of the gunner is entirely screened, and in use, whether on shipboard
or in fortifications on shore, no larger aperture than that of the muzzle of the gun
itself is necessary, the rifling, if applied to this gun, can be placed either on the bar,
the barrel, or the shot.
2ndly. The projectile specially constructed for this gun has a central perforation
for the purpose of allowing it to traverse the bar on which it is so to say suspended,
and it is claimed for this projectile that it has the power of readily passing through,
water and perforating the hull of ships below the armour plating. This projectile
may be either a shot or shell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORS FOR SKATING RINKS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Falle Geary, of No. 4, Great Winchester Street Buildings,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORS FOR
SKATING RINKS."
led the 28th April 1876, and dated the 18th February 1876
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Falle Geary at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1876.
FALLE GEARY, of No. 4, Great Winchester Street Buildings, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORS FOR SKATING RINKS."
My Invention relates to floors for rinks suitable for the use of roller skates, the
object which I have in view being to give such floors a yielding and resilient
character so as to make them resemble in this respect natural ice, and to diminish
the noise attending the use of such skates on ordinary floors.
For this purpose, instead of making the floor a solid structure resting on the
ground or on unyielding supports; form it as a stage, to a certain extent flexible,
and support it by floating it or partially floating it on water or other suitable
liquid. I prepare a shallow tank somewhat larger than the intended floor, and in
this I place the floor, floating it like a raft, and making it with a lip projecting
upwards a sufficient height to prevent the liquid from overflowing it when it is
immersed therein a sufficient depth to give floatation.
The floor to be thus floated may be made of any suitable water-tight material,
for example, of wood in two thicknesses secured together with a waterproof
material or fabric interposed between the two thicknesses, or laid as a coating on
the under surface; or it might consist of a single thickness of wood fixed on light
battens, having the jointing and under surface waterproofed; also the upper
surface may be faced with asphalt, concrete, or other material suitable for roller
skating, and not liable to be cracked by the flexure of the floor.
I prefer to provide space for only a moderate depth of liquid under the floor so
that the flexure of the latter shall be limited by its meeting the solid floor of the
tank when it is bent to the extent desired; and in order to soften the blow with
which the floor might be made to strike the bottom and give resiliency I prefer
to provide at intervals caoutchouc or other elastic buffers to take the bearing of the
floor when it is depressed.

page_text: section Fig. 8, to soften the impact of the battens on the tank bottom and to give
resiliency.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim, constructing a rink floor as a stage or raft floating
on water, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Falle Geary, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
FALLE GEARY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MODES OF VENTILATING IRON, STEEL, WOOD, COMPOSITE, OR OTHER DECKED VESSELS OR FLOATING BODIES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION THEREOF."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1876.
WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MODES OF VENTILATING IRON, STEEL, WOOD, COMPOSITE, OR OTHER DECKED
VESSELS OR FLOATING BODIES AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION THEREOF."
In carrying out my Invention I propose to form the deck tie plates so as to
answer the purpose of tie plate and deck in one by making the same in the form
of a long box, trunk, or tube running the whole length of the vessel, and fitted at
each bulkhead or compartment with valves, so that in case of fire or other casualty
the communication from one compartment to another may be completely shut off.
(The side stringers can be similarly utilized when desirable), the under side being
perforated with holes, and the upper side made rough to prevent slipping when
walked upon, a cowl or blast being fitted to each box or tube ventilator at or
near the fore end of the vessel to supply fresh air, and a similar arrangement made
at or near the after part of the vessel for the escape of heated air and explosive
gases that may be generated in the vessel. Openings may be made in the box or
tube ventilators at intervals fitted with air-tight covers or lids, and may be used
for the admission or for the escape of air, &c., and would afford an opportunity for
ascertaining the degree of heat at any part of the hull above the cargo. Metal or
wood tubes running across the vessel, perforated with holes, fixed immediatley
under the deck between the beams to communicate with the main box or tube
ventilators, also with the hatchways, mooring or other bitts of the vessel could be
fitted, thus giving a complete surface ventilator to the whole of the cargo in the
vessel.'
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO FURNACES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Holroyd Smith, of Halifax, in the County of
York, Wire Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
SUPPLYING FUEL TO FURNACES."
aled the 14th July 1876, and dated the 15th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Holroyd Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1876.
MICHAEL HOLROYD SMITH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Wire Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING FUEL TO FURNACES."
This Invention has for its object increased economy in the consumption of fuel
by the use of improved apparatus for supplying the fuel by self-acting mechanism
to the furnaces of steam boilers, furnaces of annealing pans, and other furnaces of
a like class, such mechanism being designed to supply the fuel from underneath,
not directly to the surface of the fire, and also to ensure complete combustion of
the fuel.
In accordance with my Invention I remove or omit one or more fire-bars from
the furnace, and in lieu thereof place a trough with inclined sides communicating at
a tangent with an opening or slit along a pipe or tube. This tube tapers in the
direction of its length; the wide end projects from the front of the furnace and is
the feed end, being connected with a hopper containing fuel. Within the tube is a
taper worm or screw nearly the length of the tube, and having by preference two
threads of such pitch and construction as to exert an outward as well as a pro-
pelling force. On rotary motion being given to the screw by ratchet or by worm
wheels or other like contrivances, the fuel is carried along the tube under the fire-
bars and upwards through the trough to the fire. As the coal nears the fire it is
distilled, the gases are evolved and ignite, and the heated coke is spread over the
surface of the fire-bars. The propelling force of the screw at its commencement is
in excess of its outward or lifting force, but at its extremity the lifting force is in
excess of the propelling force, thereby securing a uniform feed the entire length of
the bars. The feed end of the trough and screw are so constructed that lumps of
coal are broken before passing along the tube, whilst the "dust" or finest coal is
equally available. There may be one or more of such feeding apparatus applied to
a furnace, according to and at intervals of its width.

page_text: and tube B constructed and applied in the manner and for the purpose herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Holroyd Smith, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
Witness,
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Blackburn.
M. HOLROYD SMITH. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING AND LEAVING TRAM CARS AND OTHER STRUCTURES AND PLACES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Siegmund Cronbach at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th April 1876.
SIEGMUND CRONBACH, of Berlin, Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
REGISTERING THE NUMBER OF PERSONS ENTERING AND LEAVING TRAM CARS AND
OTHER STRUCTURES AND PLACES."
I employ an ordinary cross shaped turnstile which by pawl and ratchet wheel
appliance is made to turn in one direction only. On the turnstile spindle I fit a
disc or frame forming three-fourths of a circle, that is a circle with one quadrant
left out, and this disc can turn loosely on the spindle, admitting of only one person
at a time to enter or leave through it. Under the platform or floor of the vehicle
or place a counting apparatus is placed so as to be accessible by opening a flap or
cover, this apparatus is actuated by a disc with four cams or projections fixed on
the turnstile spindle. Each person will then be registered both on entering and
leaving.
For public vehicles with varying fares according to certain distance travelled it
is necessary to employ a counter for the persons entering, and another counter for
the persons leaving the vehicle. Both are constructed as follows:-A rounded steel
peg receives the movement and by means of pawls turns two ratchet wheels a
tooth round, one is connected to a dial and the other is on a spindle connected with
another dial. Two other dials are by each revolution of the first-named dials
turned one tooth of a wheel on each. In order that the aforesaid pawls shall
alternately turn the two first-named dials, there is a disc with three pegs and turned
by a rack. This rack is actuated from short rails placed alongside the tram rails at
the beginning, middle, and end of the line.
ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Eldridge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1876.
GEORGE ELDRIDGE, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex.
IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention relates to improvements in roller skates.
"IMPROVEMENTS
The first improvement consists in mounting the rear pair of rollers only in a
bracket capable of swivelling on a vertical axis, and controlled by a spring or
springs to bring it back to its normal position after having been swivelled to the
right or to the left in skating in a curved line.
The second improvement consists in making the rollers of both pairs partly
cylindrical, and partly conical or conoidal, in order to facilitate skating in curved
The rollers of each pair are
lines and the performance of other evolutions.
reversible on their spindles so that they may be disposed with the cylindrical part
of their peripheries either towards the sides or the centre line of the skato, according
as it is desired to obtain a wide bearing on the ground in the case of a learner, or
facility for performing evolutions in the case of a proficient skater.
The third improvement consists in making the spindles of the rollers hollow to
contain grease or some fibrous material saturated with grease, which will melt and
run out through holes in the spindle and lubricate the roller, should the spindle
become heated through want of oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES OR OTHER SOLIPED' ANIMALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Riley at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 14th October 1876.
JOHN RILEY, Farrier and General Smith, of 35, King Cross Street, Halifax, in
the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR
HORSES OR OTHER SOLIPED' ANIMALS."
This Invention has for its object a saving in the expense in the maintaining of
or providing for horses or other "soliped" animals shoes for their feet, which shoes
by my improvements do not require renewing near so often as by the heretofore
adopted construction of shoes; and my Invention consists in securing to the under
side of the shoes at the toe or "sprun" part a box, case, or socket of suitable length
and depth, which box I make dovetail in form by preference, and also slightly taper
lengthwise. This box is made to contain certain moveable or separate pieces or
dies, which I propose to make of steel or iron, and these pieces or dies are made to
fit, and are driven tightly into the aforesaid dovetail box or case, the taper of which
is always so arranged when the box is secured on the shoe that the tread of the
horse will have the effect of keeping the piece or die in its place, but a taper pin or
other means may be employed for further securing the piece or die in the dovetail
box or case. The said pieces or dies project below the box or case, and when they
are worn level with the box they can be readily knocked out and new ones sub-
stituted in their place without taking off the shoe, thus avoiding the necessity of a
new shoe, the shoe being only required to be removed occasionally for the purpose
of "trimming" the feet; and these pieces or dies may be made of any suitable form
for ordinary wear, plain or square on the treading surface are preferable, but for
slippery weather or payments of granite or asphalte, or when what is termed
roughing" is required, the said pieces or dies are made sharp or wedge shape on
the treading surface, and so are suitable for securing to the animal a good footing
or grip.
If desirable the same form of dovetail box or case may be secured to the heel part
of the shoe, and separate pieces or dies may be made to suit them, and applied in
the same manner as in the toe part.

page_text: The aforesaid separate pieces or dies may be carried in the cart or vehichle in the
box usually provided on them, or by a horseman, and in case of sudden frost or
when passing over any slippery surface the ordinary ones, square on the treading
surface, can be readily removed from the dovetail boxes and the wedge-shape ones
substituted in their place.
My Invention is applicable to the shoes at present in use.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS BURNERS, AS ALSO THE PARTS FOR RECEIVING AND SUSTAINING SHADES FOR THE SAME."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Chatwin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1876.
JOSEPH CHATWIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gas Burner Manu-
facturer. CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS BURNERS, AS
ALSO THE PARTS FOR RECEIVING AND SUSTAINING SHADES FOR THE SAME."
I will describe my Invention as applicable to an organd gas burner arranged
with to gas ways from the lower supply pipe; and from the chimney gallery I
support a vertical, square, or other irregular shaped wire, covered for appearance
with thin round brass tubing, the said gallery having projections for supporting a
small annular glass reflector; and on the top of the square or other shaped wire
before referred to, and resting on its tubular casing, I apply a ring centrally over
the burner below, a vertical socket being secured to the said ring for that purpose.
The said ring is provided not only with vertical wires for steadying the chimney
that may be used but also lateral projections for supporting an opal or other suitable
reflector above the light. Thus I not only economize metal and labour in the
product of such appendages to gas burners but I divest the burner of any external
solid supports for carrying the top reflector, thereby avoiding obstruction to the
illumination.
This arrangement is equally applicable to brackets as to vertical lights, and as a
means of regulating the supply of gas I apply a small rectangular screw through the
part where the gas passes from the tubular gas way to the burner, by which means
the mere turning in or out of tho rectangular screw the gas way becomes contracted
or expanded as required, thus regulating the supply of gas to the burner. And this
same mode of regulating gas to gas burners I purpose applying to jet burners, but
in argaud burners I sometimes regulate the flow of gass by putting an annular ring
around the inside of the inner tube of the argand, the said annular ring nearly
filling up the space between the inner and outer tube, and by the gass escaping to
the space above the ring it equalizes its pressure before escaping to the contracted
annular opening to be ignited. Argand burners thus constructed I purpose fitting
(as first described) with means for supporting the chimneyes and reflectors.