IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Wilde, of Hyde, in the County of Chester,
Pattern Maker, and James Carter, of Stalybridge, in the same County, Brass
and Iron Founder, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS USED FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Wilde and James
Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February
1881.
SAMUEL WILDE, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Pattern Maker, and
JAMES CARTER, of Stalybridge, in the same County, Brass and Iron Founder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER
MATERIALS USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING MATERIALS
FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Our Invention has for its object more particularly the cutting of paper and other
material into correct elliptical shape for hat "tips," though our improvements aro
or may be used for cutting elliptical shapes for other purposes.
Elliptical cut paper and other material for hat "tips "have been hitherto cut in
an imperfect manner by hand; by our improvements we apply mechanism and
arrangements by which paper and other materials can be readily, accurately, and
uniformly cut into elliptical shape.
Our Invention consists in applying a lathe with a face plate or chuck, such as
are used for elliptical turning, combined with templates and means for holding the
paper upon the face plate or chuck, and a box or guide for adjusting the paper or
materials and the template or shape upon the face plate or chuck.
The papers to form the ovals or ellipses are cut to a rectangular form a little
larger than the intended oval, they are cut in piles or are piled upon each other

page_text: after being cut, say, to one inch or more in thickness, they are then placed in a
box which has two pins in it that correspond with holes in the face plate of the
chuck, the box by this means with the paper in it being thus placed in its correct
position, then the template is placed against the paper through an oval hole in front
of the box of the size and shape of the template, or the template is first placed in
the guide box and the paper upon it.
Next, the cone point of a shaft or rod is placed in a centre hole in the back of the
template and the other end of the rod is held in or on the centre of the forcing head
of the lathe, there being an elastic arrangement on the rod or shaft or in the forcing
head to allow for slight movement and to keep the rod or shaft as the template
rotates pressed firmly against the paper or material to hold it firmly while being
cut.
When this is done the guide box is withdrawn, there being a gap in one side of
it to permit it to be taken sideways from the shaft or rod.
The lathe is then rotated while a cutter carried in a slide, rest is forced against
the paper or material.
In place of a point cutter we can also use a rotating disc cutter.
By another modification of our Invention we employ a lathe with two elliptical
turning chucks face to face but at a distance apart, the spindles of both chucks
being geared together to turn simultaneously; one or both of the head stocks are
movable to and from the other.
The material to be cut elliptical is arranged and placed as before described on
each chuck or face plate, and the rod or shaft extends between the two templates,
which rod or shaft may be either with or without elasticity.
By this means two lots of material is or may be cut at the same time, there
being a separate cutter and slide rest for each chuck.
When two chucks are used one may be used only for holding the end of the rod
or shaft against the template for the other, if desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samuel Wilde and James Carter in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th August 1881.
Samuel Wilde, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Pattern Maker, and
JAMES CARTER, of Stalybridge, in the same County, Brass and Iron Founder:
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER
MATERIALS USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS OR COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR CUTTING MATERIALS
FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Elliptical cut paper and other materials for hat tips have been hitherto
commonly cut in an imperfect manner by hand; by our improvements we apply
mechanism and arrangements by which paper and other materials can be readily,
accurately, and uniformly cut into elliptical shape.
Our Invention consists in applying a lathe with a face plate or chuck, such as
are used for elliptical turning, combined with templates and means for holding the
paper upon the face plate or chuck, and a box or guide for adjusting the paper or
materials and the template or shape upon the face plate or chuck.
The papers to form the ovals or ellipses are cut to a rectangular form a little
larger than the intended oval; they are cut in piles or are piled upon each other
after being cut, say, to one inch or more in thickness, they are then placed in a box
or guide which has two pins in it that correspond with holes in the face place
of the chuck, the box or guide by this means with the paper in it being thus
placed in its correct position; then the template is placed against the paper
through an oval hole in front of the box of the size and shape of the template, or
the template is first placed in the guide box and the paper upon it, or the template
or block is placed in its correct position by means of a pin or mark on the open
guide.
Next, the cone point of a shaft or rod is placed in a centre hole in the back of
the template and the other end of the rod is held in or on the centre of the forcing
head of the latter, there being an elastic arrangement on the rod or shaft or in the
forcing head to allow for slight end movement and to keep the rod or shaft as the
templates rotates pressed firmly against the paper or material to hold it firmly while
being cut.
When this is done the guide or box is withdrawn, there being a gap in one side
of it to permit it to be taken sideways from the shaft or rod, or the guido is or
may be formed by two sides only at a right angle to each other.
The lathe is then rotated while a cutter carried in a slide rest is forced against
the paper or material.
A double lathe arranged as described may be used with the face plates or chucks
face to face.
By another modification of our Invention we employ a lathe with two elliptical
turning chucks face to face but at a distance apart, the spindles of both chucks
being geared together to turn simultaneously, one or both of the headstocks being
arranged so as to be moveable to and from the other.
The material to be cut elliptical is arranged and placed as before described on
each chuck or face plate, and the rod or shaft extends between the two templates
or blocks, which rod or shaft may be either with or without elasticity.
By this means two lots of materials are or may be cut at the same time, there
being a separate cutter and slido rest for each chuck.
When two chucks are used, one may be used only for holding the end of the rod
or shaft against the template for the other chuck if desired.
In place of securing the paper to be cut on the face plate, the cutter is or may bc

page_text: secured so as to be adjustable on the slide in the face plate, and the excentric ring
is made to slide to and fro to the required extent by a crank or excentric on the
lathe spindle, or upon a shaft in gear with the lathe spindle, so that the cutter as it
rotates will describe an ellipse.
The paper to be cut in this case is stationary and is held by a spindle or rod
passing through the hollow of the lathe spindle, and pressed by a weight or spring
against the block which rests upon the paper.
The table carrying the paper is or may be moved towards and against the cutter
or the headstock carrying the lathe spindle and connected parts is arranged to
slide and move the cutter towards the paper to be cut, which in this latter case
remains stationary in every respect. As the spindle or rod in the hollow of the
lathe spindle is maintained in the same position in relation to the ellipse described
by the cutter, the paper is readily and correctly adjusted on the table by a guide.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation partly in section, and Fig. 2 is a plan illustrating a
double lathe according to our Invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross section looking to front of the spindle of the lathe with the face
plate removed, and shewing the excentric ring on a stand or plate, which is
adjustable by slots and screws to give more or less excentricity to the ring as may
be required.
Fig. 4 is a similar view to Fig. 3, but showing the face plate and the slide carried
in it, which is moved to and fro by the excentric ring..
Fig. 5 is a similar view to Fig. 4, but showing the plate or board carried on the
slide in the face plate, and also showing the template or block and the guide used
for adjusting the paper to be cut upon the face plate. a, the lathe bed; a¹, its feet
or supports; b, the headstock having bearings for the lathe spindle; 61, the pulley
for driving the spindle; c is the face plate upon the end of the spindle, in which
there is a slide d'arranged to move to and fro across the face plate diametrically.
In the slide there are two projections d' which pass clear through slots in the
face plate, and these projections have a cross head at a right angle to the lengthway
or direction in which the slide moves.
These cross head projections come one on each side of a ring projection e on a
plate or stand secured to the bed or headstock, the centre of the ring e being on a
level with the centre of the lathe spindle, and the plate or stand carrying the
ring (e) is adjustable to give more or less excentricity in relation to the lathe spindle,
and is secured by screws when adjusted.
A disc of wood d² is secured on the cross slide d, working in the face plate, by
. screws.
The paper x to be cut elliptical is first cut to a rectangular form a little longer
and wider than is required for the ellipse, and this is done in any ordinary paper
cutting machine.
The paper so cut is in a pile, say, one or two inches thick, and is placed against the
face plate d, and a template or block f of the same shape, but a little less than the
ellipse to be cut, is placed against it, and in the centre of this block f there is a
centre hole for the end of a spindle g, the other end of which is placed in a hole.in
the ram of a forcing head h.
But between the end of the forcing head and a collar g' on the spindle there is a
strong steel spring g², and the screw of the forcing head is turned to compress this
spring and force the spindle, and thus the block against the paper to hold it firmly
against the face plate d².
An ordinary lathe slide rest i is used to hold a sharp pointed cutter 2, which
point is screwed against the paper.
The pile of paper has to be set carefully to the proper position on the face
plate to avoid waste of paper and obtain the complete ellipse, and this is done by
ineans of a rectangular guide j having two sides and two pins j in it to fit
corresponding holes in the face plate or board d².
The pile of paper (a) is placed to come against the two sides of this guide j, and
then the block fis placed against the paper, and the correct position of the block

page_text: is adjusted in relation to the guide by a pin ja in the side of the guide j, which
enters a hole in one side of the block f, the other side of it being against the other
side of the guide j. Before the paper is adjusted upon the disc or board d², the
face plate c is brought and held in the correct position (say, that position in which
the long axis of the ellipse will be horizontal) by being turned round until the end
of a bolt or pin k, sliding vertically in a hole in the bed, enters a notch in the edge
of the face plate c.
This bolt can be put in or out of the notch by a handle or lever
fulcrum on the lathe bed.
The guide
secured.
having its
and sliding bolt are withdrawn when the paper has been
The lathe illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 is a double one, that is, the same forcing
head (which is double) acts simultaneously upon two spindles (g). One slide
rest () is only shown, but two are used, one for each lathe when both are to bo
used.
One lathe may be used separate from the other, or both at the same time.
By another modification of our Invention the spindles carrying the face plates of
the two lathes may be geared together by a shaft and spur wheels so as to rotate
turn for turn, and act synchronously; and one or both headstocks are in this case
arranged to be adjustable to and from each other, the connecting shaft having a key
for a sliding wheel, and then one spindle (g) will only be required to extend
straight between the two blocks (f), and the forcing head (h) is then dispensed
with.
In fixing the paper on the disc or board d² in this arrangement one headstock
is screwed towards the other when the spindle is between the two blocks (f) to
give the desired holding pressure.
When paper is to be cut by a cutter which rotates and describes the ellipso
required, this is or may be accomplished by making the spindle of the lathe hollow
for a rod to pass through, and mounting the ring (e) on a slide to slide to and fro
horizontally, the movement being produced by an excentric on the lathe spindle,
or from a crank on the end of a shaft having bearings on the headstock for the
lathe spindle, the pin of which crank is adjustable to give more or less throw to
suit the ellipse required, and fits and works in a slot in the slide at a right angle
to the line in which the slide of the ring e is to be moved, this shaft being geared
with the lathe spindle to make the same number of revolutions as the lathe
spindle..
The cutter is secured on the slide d in the face plate c so as to be adjustable to
and from the axis to cut different sizes of ellipses.
The block (f) for holding against the paper is secured in this modification on
the end of the rod passing through the hollow lathe spindle, and the rod for this
block (f) is so arranged that it can slide lengthway through the lathe spindle,
but is held from rotating, and is thus maintained in the same relative position to
the ellipse described by the cutter.
The rod for the block f is pressed towards the paper by a weight, spring, or
weight lever, which weight lever can be lifted to withdraw the rod and thus the
block (f) while the paper is being adjusted, and then pressed against the paper to
hold it while being cut.
The paper to be cut is stationary, and is carried on a table or disc on the end of
the ram of the forcing head, the correct position of the paper or the disc or table
being adjusted by means of a guide (j), having pins to fit holes in the disc or
table.
"
The disc or table is or may be moved by the screw of the forcing head towards
the cutter; or the table may be fixed, and the lathe headstock and its connected
parts is or may be moved to bring the cutter against the paper.
A machine constructed as above last described may be arranged with the axis of
the lathe spindle horizontal or vertical.
When vertical the paper to be cut will be on a horizantal table.

page_text: We have now particularly described the nature of our said Invention, and the
modes of carrying the same into effect, and claim as our Invention,-
Firstly. The cutting of paper and other like materials into elliptical shapes by
the arrangements and combinations of mechanism hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The system or mode of holding the paper or material upon the face
plate by a rod and elastic arrangements, as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by the Drawings.
Thirdly. The system or mode of cutting the paper or materials into elliptical
shapes by a double lathe acting independently, or by a double lathe where the two
lathe spindles are geared together, substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the Drawings.
Fourthly. The system or mode of cutting paper or other materials into elliptical
shapes by mechanism where the cutter is made to describe the ellipse required,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifthly. The guide and arrangements for adjusting the paper or material to be
cut either upon the rotating face plate or upon a stationary table or disc when
operated upon by a cutter describing an ellipse, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Wilde, on my own behalf and on
behalf of the said James Carter, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Twelfth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
SAML. WILDE. (L.S.)