IM- PROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS, APPLICABLE TO CONDENSING AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF ENGINES FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Leach, William Turner, and John Tempest,
of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS, APPLICABLE TO CONDENSING AND ALL OTHER KINDS OF
ENGINES FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 12th December 1856, and dated the 19th August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Leach, William
Turner, and John Tempest at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 19th August 1856.
We, JAMES LEACH, WILLIAM TURNER, and JOHN TEMPEST, of Rochdale, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS, APPLICABLE TO CONDENSING AND ALL OTHER KINDS
OF ENGINES FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows:-
Instead of covering the clearing or tickler rollers with wire cards, as here-
tofore generally adopted, for the purpose of keeping the cards on the doffers,
cylinders, &c. clean, sharp, and free from dirt, nops, &c., we cover them with
bristles, split cane, or any substance similar to that which is applicable to
brushes, by which we make the roller similar to a revolving brush. This
brush roller may be placed in any convenient position upon the cylinders,
doffers, &c., as may be found by experience most serviceable, therefore we do
not confine ourselves to any precise position for placing the brush roller, nor
to any particular kind of carding engine. It is also applicable in some cases
to the doffing process.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Leach, William Turner, and John Tempest in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th February 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
LEACH, WILLIAM TURNER, and JOHN TEMPEST, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the nineteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
James Leach, William Turner, and John Tempest, Her special licence that
we, the said James Leach, William Turner, and John Tempest, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Leach,
William Turner, and John Tempest, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS, APPLICABLE TO CONDENSING AND
ALL OTHER KINDS OF ENGINES FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James
Leach, William Turner, and John Tempest, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or the hand
and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Leach, for and on behalf of
myself and the said William Turner and John Tempest, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say-:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in rollers used in what are techni-
cally called scribbling, condensing, or carding engines, in fact in all kinds of
engines used for carding fibrous materials. The said engines, as hitherto con-
structed, are composed of one or more large cylinders, with feed rollers, doffing
rollers, and strippers or clearing rollers, the cylinders, doffers, and strippers
being covered with card made of projecting wires on the surfaces, or serrated

page_text: surfaces with wire teeth lapped round rollers or similar apparatus.
The
fibrous material passes from the feed rollers to the cylinder, which by its revo-
lutions draws out or straightens the fibres, and clears them of dirt and impu-
rities. But as a portion of the wool and impurities is apt to gather or become
entangled in the teeth of the card, the strippers or clearers covered with card
similar to that on the cylinder are fixed to work in contact with it, so that the
teeth of each coming in contact during their revolutions remove a portion of
the surplus material, and partially keep the cylinder clean; but it will be
clearly evident that the two surfaces being wire or rigid, neither of them will
yield, but often become bent or hook-shaped; in fact the strippers or clearers
do not either keep the cylinder or doffer sufficiently clean, or keep the cards
sufficiently sharp.
To remedy this defect, we cover the clearer, doffing or stripping rollers
with bristles, or any flexible material as a substitute for bristles, which by
their yielding nature will more effectually penetrate the interstices of the wire
card, and keep it clearer from dirt, as well as keeping the points of the wires
sharper, and in a better condition for work. We make the said rollers of
wood or any suitable material, and fasten the bristles on them in any con-
venient manner; for instance, when they are not exposed to any great heat
they may be fastened with pitch, or any similar substance as ordinary domestic
brushes are now made; or they may be fastened to any flexible material as a
foundation, by wire or any other suitable means, the said foundation being
made either in sheets, fillets, or rings, and then put on the rollers. We also
fix the said bristles or other substance so as to project from the surface of
the rollers, either in a straight direction, or in a hooked or sloping direction,
similar to the card, the latter plan being very advantageous when used as
doffing or stripping rollers. It is quite evident that this surface of bristles for
the rollers may be made in various ways, therefore we shall not confine our-
selves to any particular method of producing the same; neither do we confine
ourselves to any precise number of clearer rollers, because we can apply them
either in connection with the breaker and cylinder or the breaker and feed
roller and use them as clearers, strippers, or ticklers to the scribbling
machine, condensing, or any kind of carding engines, and they are applicable
to machines for carding cotton, woollen, or any fibrous material.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly understood
that we do not confine ourselves to any particular construction or dimensions
of the said rollers, nor to the use of any specific number of them to a machine;
but we claim as our Invention, and which, to the best of our knowledge and

page_text: belief, has not hitherto been used within the realm, the covering of rollers with
bristles or other flexible material either in a straight or sloping direction, in
contradistinction to wire cards, and the use or application of the said brushi
rollers as doffing or stripping rollers to strip the fibrous material from cards,
either in connection with the common doffing combs, or for stripping and
doffing wool, &c. without the comb being used. The said doffing roller
being applicable to condensers, and all other kinds of carding engines.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Leach, for and on behalf of
myself and the said William Turner and John Tempest, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within--
named James Leach, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES LEACH. (L.B.).