matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR KNIVES, FORKS, BICYCLES, COAL SCOOPS, BEER ENGINES, AND OTHER HANDLES
Year: 1881

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by George Renton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1881.
GEORGE RENTON, of No. 62, Carver Street, Sheffield, in the County of York,
Cutlery Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HANDLES FOR KNIVES, FORKS,
BICYCLES, COAL SCOOPS, BEER ENGINES, AND OTHER HANDLES."
I fill a hollow metal case with bard wood, bone, horn, or tip, the former being
stamped in two halves, the two halves solded together after the insertion of the
wood, bone, horn, or tip, thus forming a solid handle of metal and wood, bone, horn,
or tip. This enables me to fasten the blades to the handles either with a through
tang or a pin through the tang.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Renton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CABINETS OR RECEPTACLES FOR 'CONDITIONING,' DRYING, OR AGEING CIGARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Browning at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1881.
THOMAS BROWNING, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CABINETS OR RECEPTACLES FOR 'CONDITIONING,' DRYING, OR AGEING
CIGARS."
The object of this Invention is construction or arrangement of trays to be used
in conjunction with a casing in such a manner that a free passage of air is allowed
to enter and pass through them and between cigars which are laid or arranged
singly and loosely in the trays for the purpose of "conditioning" or ageing them
gently, yet quickly, and to bring them into a more fit condition for smoking than
is possible when packed in layers in close contact, or when in bundles in or out of
boxes as now adopted.
The trays are perforated or meshed at the bottom to correspond or nearly so
with other perforations or meshes arranged in the bottom of the casing. The
backs of the trays are also perforated or meshed to correspond or nearly so with
other perforations or meshes in the back of the casing, this being provided with
studs or projections to keep it clear of the wall on or to which it may be hung in
any convenient manner that air may escape from the back. The casing is preferably
provided with doors (sliding or hinged), and it may be furnished with feet to stand
upon a table as not to interfere with the passage of air under it to the bottom
perforations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND IN COMBINED LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Clive at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1881.
ROBERT HENRY CLIVE, of the Firm of Greenway, Clive, Vale and Company, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchants and Manufacturers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND IN COMBINED LOCKS AND LATCHES."
My Invention has reference to locks and combined locks and latches, and is
principally applicable to combined locks and latches in which the advance motion
of the latch bolt is produced by a weighted lever instead of by the spring ordinarily
employed. In applying my Invention to the said combined locks and latches I
construct and arrange the parts in the manner hereinafter described, whereby the
said weighted lever is made to operato the tumbler of the lock or key bolt as
well as the latch bolt.
bolt.
I make the tumbler of the lock bolt of the ordinary form, excepting that at its
free end I form a nearly vertical prop or limb, the lower end of which bearing upon
the edge of the lock case limits the distance to which the tumbler can descend. Or
a stop of the ordinary kind may be used to limit the descending motion of the
tumbler. On the weighted end of the weighted lever which actuates the latch bolt
I form a projection or lip, which bears upon the free end of the tumbler of the lock
When by the action of the key the tumbler is raised the said weighted arm
of the weighted lever is raised, and when the key has passed the dead point the
said weight acting through the tumbler upon the key, continues its motion,
whether in shooting or withdrawing the bolt. The said weighted lever is thus
made to operate upon the tumbler in a way similar to that in which the spring
ordinarily employed acts upon the tumbler. The said spring is thereby dispensed
with, and the weighted lever which ordinarily only operates the latch bolt is by
the modifications described utilized so as to operate the tumbler of the lock or key
bolt without interfering with its action on the latch bolt.
The combined lock and latch thus produced has no spring, is exceedingly simple
in construction, and is not liable to derangement.
Although I prefer the arrangement of parts described, yet my Invention may be
modified by the use of an independent weight for operating upon the tumbler of
the lock bolt, and the tumbler operated upon by an independent weight may be
employed in locks which have no latch combined with them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING CARPET AND " OTHER SIMILAR LOOPED, PILED, OR CORDED FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Joseph Delmar at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1881.
JAMES JOSEPH DELMAR, of Ormside Street, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF MANUFACTURING CARPET AND
"
OTHER SIMILAR LOOPED, PILED, OR CORDED FABRICS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the mode of manufacturing
that class of carpet and other similar looped, piled, or corded fabrics which are
made from hair.
I will first describe that part of my Invention referring to looped or piled carpet
or fabric. According to this part of my said Invention, I take the hair (by
preference gont hair), spun by any known method, to form the pile or loop face of
the fabric, and instead of weaving it with a single ground as at present practised, I
manufacture such fabrics with a double ground. In order to do this I make a double
warp of any suitable material that can be spun and woven, between which a pole
warp is drawn, and the shoot is thrown in the ordinary way to keep the pile or
loop in its proper position, and the spun hair may be cut between the two warps so
as to form two pieces of fabric without the loop; or it may be left uncut and be either
with or without the loop. Beam or finger rugs may be made according to the
above improvement.
According to the second part of my said Invention, to manufacture corded fabrics
I form a warp of any suitable material to form the ground, and another warp formed
of spun hair (by preference goat hair), so that the hair will form the face of the
fabric instead of forming the face with drawn hair as at present practised. The
shoot which forms the cord may be made of any suitable material. In order to
form the face with spun hair as above I employ a shuttle instead of a hook.
Or instead of forming the face with the warp as above I can form the face with
the shoot of spun hair by raising any number of threads, that is to say, one thread
to sink and any number to rise, or vice versa, showing one face at top and the
other at bottom.
In order to manufacture either of the above fabrics so that they may not be so
readily cut (applicable for carriage seatings for example), I form a shoot of wire or a
shoot and warp of wire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR LEADS AND CRAYONS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Philip Hansen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881.
ANDREW PHILIP HANSEN, of 37, Wood Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS FOR LEADS AND CRAYONS."
This Invention relates to improvements in lead or crayon holders, and consists
of an improved method and means of securing and releasing the lead or crayon.
According to my Invention, I employ two semi-tubes, preferably provided with
a corrugated inside surface. One semi-tube is permanently fixed in the inside of
any convenient shaped or formed holder, the other semi-tube is capable of being
moved longitudinally in the insido of the holder, and is connected to the semi-tube
first mentioned by means of a lever or levers, or their mechanical equivalents.
The longitudinal movement of such moveable semi-tube from the top or point
of the holder, and is preferably caused by the action of a spring or springs
connected to such tube in such manner as to impart a reciprocating action to
same.
The modus operandi is as follows:-When a lead or crayon is to be placed
into the semi-tubes, the moveable semi-tube is pressed downwards or inwards. This
movement will cause the lever or levers connecting the two semi-tubes to stand in
a horizontal potition towards the centre line of the two semi-tubes, and a consider-
able space being thus formed between same in their entire length, the crayon
will easily slide between the two semi-tubes.
The outward pressure on the moveable semi-tube being released, the lever or
levers connecting the two semi-tubes will assume a diagonal position towards the
centre line of the two semi-tubes, and hence less space being formed between such
tubes, they will tend to secure the lead or crayon firmly in its entire length.
STOPPERING BOTTLES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kemp at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1881.
GEORGE KEMP, of Swinton, in the County of York.
STOPPERING BOTTLES."
" IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to improvements in stoppering bottles, and is especially
useful for bottles to contain aërated waters and other effervescent drinks, the
object being to utilise the pressure of the gas or compressed air in securing the
cork, instead of its acting so as to force out the cork, thus dispensing with the
wiring or other means of securing the corks as now used.
In carrying out my Invention I form the neck of the bottle by preference taper,
and of such a shape that the end of the cork shall abut and bear against a portion
of the neck or bottle in such a manner that the internal pressure is conducted
against the side of the cork, thus it will be held firmly in its place until the cork is
partially withdrawn, when the internal pressure will act against the end of the
cork and force it forward.
If desirable a recess may be formed for the tapered end of the cork to fit into.
The neck of the bottle may be made at any suitable angle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF FLOORS OR SURFACES TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSES OF GAMES OF FOOTBALL, BOWLING, LAWN-TENNIS, RACQUET, CROQUET, OR SIMILAR GAMES, AND FOR CREASES USED IN THE GAME OF CRICKET
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Leather Rylance at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1881.
(6
RALPH LEATHER RYLANCE, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Solicitor's
Clerk. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF FLOORS OR SURFACES TO BE
USED FOR THE PURPOSES OF GAMES OF FOOTBALL, BOWLING, LAWN-TENNIS,
RACQUET, CROQUET, OR SIMILAR GAMES, AND FOR CREASES USED IN THE GAME
OF CRICKET."
This Invention relates to the forming artificial floors or grounds for the purpose
of practising the various games enumerated above, whereby these games may be
pursued at all seasons and with less liability to accident, there being a perfectly
secure foothold for the players. It is proposed to form the surface, which is laid
out under cover or otherwise, for the games before mentioned by levelling the
same and placing thereon a suitable formation or foundation of asphalte, concrete,
boarding, planking, or other suitable material, and upon the surface so prepared to
lay a covering of india rubber or caoutchouc in the forms known as solid, spongy,
fluted, crossfluted, pyramidicial, or perforated or other suitable mode of manufacture,
and so placed as to present a uniform surface for the purposes of the games afore-
mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF AXLE PULLEYS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Ryland, of West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Ironfounder, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF AXLE PULLEYS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said Frederick Ryland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th Juno 1881.
FREDERICK RYLAND, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE PULLEYS."
This Invention consists in casting together the pulley in the frame in which it is
mounted. With this view I cast a pulley with short trunnions or axles projecting
from the centre on each side, and having turned this pulley in a lathe I cover it
with sand, and lay it in a mould prepared for the casting of the frame; this mould
is formed so that the frame when cast has a holster on the inside of each cheek,
which holsters are to receive the short trunnions before named, and thus the
pulley is by its axles connected with the frame and is free to revolve therein.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Frederick Ryland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd December 1881.
FREDERICK RYLAND, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AXLE PULLEYS."
This Invention consists in casting together the pulley in the frame in which it
is mounted.
With this view I cast a pulley with short trunnions or axles projecting from the
centre on each side, and having turned this pulley in a lathe I cover it with sand
and lay it in a mould prepared for the casting of the frame; this mould is formed
so that the frame when cast has a holster on the inside of each cheek, which
holsters are to receive the short trunnions before named, and thus the pulley is by
its axles connected with the frame and is free to revolve therein.
Tho Drawing represents a section through the pulley and frame; (a) is the
pulley; (b), the frame; (c) are the trunnions or axles; (d) are the holsters to receivo
the trunnions or axles, these parts being cast in manner before described form the
complete pulley.
Having thus described the said Invention and the manner in which the same is
to be performed, I claim the improvements in the manufacture of axle pulleys by
casting the pulleys and frames together, as herein more fully set forth and
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Ryland, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
TAL
זר
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS OR MATERIALS ADAPTED FOR GARMENTS, UPHOLSTERY, AND OTHER USES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cocks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st June 1881.
" IMPROVE-
JAMES COCKS, of Upper Norwood, in the County of Surrey, Tailor.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS OR MATERIALS
ADAPTED FOR GARMENTS, UPHOLSTERY, AND OTHER USES."
My Invention has for its object the manufacture or production of a fabric or
material with a surface of mohair or worsted without admixture with any other
fibrous material, and consists in the combination or union of plaits or braids of
mohair or worsted with any suitable fabric to form a back or foundation for the
surface of inohair or worsted, which surface can be varied and rendered ornamental
so as to adapt the fabric or material for use in garments of different kinds, in
coverings for ladies' hats, in upholstery, and generally in cases wherein durability
combined with ornament is required.
The plaits or braids of mohair or worsted may be variously combined, and plaits
of different colours or different shades of the same colour can be used in order to
produce a variety of effect, and the fabric composed of an under surface or
foundation of cotton or wool with an upper surface of pure or unmixed mohair or
worsted will possess the advantages of durability in wear with the lustre which
belongs to and is characteristic of mohair or worsted unmixed.
In producing the said fabric or material, plaits or braids of mohair or worsted aro
united to the foundation either by stitching or otherwise, so as to produce the
effect of a fabric with a striped or ribbed surface of pure or unmixed mohair or
worsted, and when made up into garments the said fabric or material can be
ornamented by using plaits or braids of mohair or worsted for braiding according
to any required design.
The said fabric or material is intended to be made of various substances as to
the foundation, and also of various degrees of fineness of the striped or ribbed
surface according to the purpose for which it may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Willoughby Statham Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1881.
.
WILLOUGHBY STATHAM SMITH, of North Grove, Highgate, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in locks, and the improvements
have reference to that class of locks (generally called latch locks) in which the bolt
is thrown forward by a spring.
In order to allow of a comparatively strong spring being used to throw forward
the bolt of the lock, and yet to avoid the action of this strong spring pressing the
bolt forwards from acting as an impediment to the closing of a door to which the
lock is secured, I combine with the lock a spring catch which, when the bolt of the
lock is withdrawn by the turning of the lock handle, springs in front of the end of
the bolt and prevents it from being again shot forward by its spring when the
handle is released. On the striking plate which is attached to the frame with
which the door closes I form a small projection for the end of the spring catch to
strike against when the door is all but closed. As the door is closed and the spring
catch strikes against the projection the spring catch is pressed back away from in.
front of the bolt, the bolt is thereby released and is thrown forwards by its spring
into the slot formed to receive it in the striking plate and then keeps the door
closed in the ordinary manner.
For some purposes the withdrawal of the bolt of the lock may be effected by
means of a swinging cranked handle such as is now commonly attached to windows
to facilitate their being raised, or to drawers to allow of their being drawn
forward.
For this purpose the handle may be formed with a tail piece projecting from its
axis into the interior of the lock case.
When the handle is lifted the tail piece may come down on to one arm of a bell
crank and turns this crank, whilst the other arm of the crank may act against a
pin on the bolt and so withdraw the bolt.
The lock may be applied not only to doors, but to windows and such like.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHT LAMPS OR LANTERNS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1881.
THOMAS ROWAN of Coleshill Street, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LIGHT LAMPS OR LANTERNS."
The object of my Invention is to provide improved means of splitting up or
subdividing and diffusing or developing the concentrated light produced by
electricity and my improvements consist in surrounding the light (produced by
any known arrangement) with a series of lenses of prismatic form and so arranged
with regard to their position to the light so surrounded and their relative position
to each other that the rays of light in passing through the lenses shall be so split
or broken up or subdivided by refraction that the concentrated incandescent spot
or arc shall not be recognizable but shall be spread over a large surface.
It will thus be seen that by my Invention the light is not merely reproduced or
multiplied in its concentrated form but is so broken or split up or subdivided that
the concentrated incandescent spot or are shall not be recognizable but shall be
diffused or developed through and over the surfaces of the said lenses.
The lenses may form the body of the lantern and the top may be open or be
provided with any suitable reflector or may also be formed with lenses suitably
connected together; or the lenses may be arranged so as to surround the globe in
which the electric light is now usually enclosed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1881. A communication
from abroad by Gustave Permet, Bellevue, France.
JASPER WETTER, of New Wandsworth, Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER
FURNACES." A communication from abroad by Gustave Permet, of Bellevue,
France.
This Invention relates to semi-tubular boilers, or boilers having a tubular main
portion with external firing, and one or more plain heating tubes.
It consists in making this class of boilers light, and therefore applicable as semi-
portable or portable boilers by constructing the furnace of iron and brick work
combined. By enclosing and partly replacing the brickwork with a strong iron
casing the thickness and weight of the brickwork can be much reduced.
The front of the furnace is preferably formed by strong sheet iron, reaching
from the floor to the centre of the heating tubes, and supporting the front ends
of the latter, leaving the necessary openings for the fire-door and ash pit. Two
angle irons are riveted to the inside of this front wall, the lower one of which
supports the grate, while the upper one supports a brick-lining, which diminishes
undue radiation of heat at the front. The upper part of the front of the casing
is made lighter and connected with the front smoke box of the tubular portion of
the boiler. The back of the furnace is also formed by sheet iron connected with
the back smoke box of the boiler which carries the chimney.
The front and the back plate are armed on both sides with angle or T iron, to
which the sides of the casing are bolted, the two sides being joined at the top by. a
semi-cylindrical cover. The sides of this casing are internally lined with brick
work, reaching up to the centre of the main boiler or near thereto, while a
horizontal partition of brickwork separates the upper from the lower flue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY GRAIN METERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st September 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Alexander Gleason, of Toledo, Ohio, United States ·
America.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the Firm of W. P. Thompson and Boult, Agents for
Foreign Patent Agents, of 323, High Holborn, London, in the County of Middlesex,
and 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY GRAIN METERS." A communication from
abroad by Alexandor Gleason, of Toledo, Ohio, United States of America.
This Invention consists essentially of a cylindrical bucket wheel divided into
three equal compartments by radial partitions terminating in narrow hinged end
wings, the said wheel being journalled in the frame which carries the scale beam,
which in its turn is pivotted upon the main frame of the machine by knife edge
pivots, one on each side at or near the centre, and upon which the scale beam
balances.
In the feeding hopper at the top of the machine, and extending along over the
discharge opening, is an angular cover or guard, whereby the weight of the
descending column of grain is prevented from bearing down upon the grain in
the filling bucket or compartment of the bucket wheel.
An automatic cut off is provided, whereby the supply of grain is cut off when it
is being discharged too freely at the bottom, and there is also an automatic partial
cut off to regulate the flow of the grain as the bucket becomes nearly filled. There
are two discharge hoppers and balance weight, a registering device and index,
consisting of the requisite wheels, hands, and face, and the necessary levers, pins,
rollers, springs, etcetera, for connecting the various parts to each other and to the
framework.
PLASTIC COMPOSITION FOR FIRE-RESISTING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fletcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1881.
THOMAS FLETCHER of Warrington in the County of Lancaster.
PLASTIC COMPOSITION FOR FIRE-RESISTING PURPOSES."
"AN IMPROVED
The object of this Invention is to provide a plastic fire resisting compound
suitable for altering or repairing fireplaces and stoves of the ordinary construction
without the necessity of taking them to pieces and rebuilding or refitting them
with slabs and baskets of firebrick which has been previously burned, as is now
generally the case.
In carrying out my Invention I prepare a plastic compound which may be
readily moulded by hand or otherwise to the desired form within the grate or
stove to which it is to be applied by mixing a solution of silica; preferably a solution
of the silicate of soda of commerce or it may be silicate of potash; with ordinary
fireclay, gannister or other fire resisting material. This compound will attain the
density of ordinary burnt fire brick by simply drying and warming; and without
the necessity for burning in a kiln or muffle.
This improved compound does not shrink on drying; and will bind closely to
metal or glass. This compound mixed to a stiff consistency can be used as above
described, or as a substitute for the loose fire brick balls, or blocks, at present
in use.
MENTS IN FURNACE FIRE-BARS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Macpherson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1881.
ROBERT MACPHERSON, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN FURNACE FIRE-BARS."
" IMPROVE-
The object of this Invention is the production of fire-bars for furnaces, so that
there may be a more plentiful air admission in them than heretofore, so that they
can be used even for anthracite, and at the same time the strength and durability
of the bars are increased.
According to my Invention I make the apertures in the bars for the air to pass
through alternate apertures as hereafter described, for example, supposing there are
three passages on each side of the bar, there would then according to my Invention
be six or more apertures through the bars according to length. I have an aperture
on one side of the bar commencing about midway down the middle or belly portion
of the bar, and then extending slanting upwards to the centre of the body on the
other side of the bar, not opposite to, but alternately with the aperture; on the
other side is a similar opening, and extending upwards in a similar manner to
the other aperture on the opposite side, commencing and terminating as aforesaid,
and so on with the apertures alternating to the end of the bar. The surface of the
bars between the apertures is preferably grooved. Although I have described three
apertures on each side of the bar, I do not limit myself to the number, as there may
be an uneven number on each side, and the number may vary according, for example,
to the length of the bar.
Bars made in the manner aforesaid present at top the appearance of completely
hollow bars, in fact they are completely hollow or open in the centre, except through
or where the metal divides the alternating spaces; these divisions are put in for the
purpose of strengthening the bars. The bars are preferably made of an inverted
V section; consequently the apertures on each side are of a corresponding shape on
one side, and become almost vertical on the other side, so that tho section becomes
almost as nearly as possible of a divided, but on one side of a half vertical V section.
Owing to the sectional shape of the bar, there is an extended entrance at the base
of the apertures for the air.
The holes may be angular or curved. These bars may be made of steel, malleable
iron, wrought iron, or cast iron; I prefer to make them in cast iron for stationary
furnaces, and malleable cast iron for travelling furnaces.
These bars are applicable to any kind of furnace, and also are equally adaptable
to travelling furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING, CLEANING, AND POLISHING LEATHER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Newall and James Barker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1881.
PETER NEWALL and JAMES BARKER, both of Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Millwrights and Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING, CLEANING, AND POLISHING LEATHER."
In carrying out our Invention we make use of a cylindrical brush mounted on a
shaft which turns in suitable bearings fixed to the frame of the machine, or
connected to a beam; a pulley is fixed on the shaft to drive the brush at any
desired speed. Below the brush we place a rising and falling table that may be
fitted in slides in the frame of the machine; this table may be elevated in a
direction parallel to the axis of the brush by a weighted lever or levers (or by
springs); or we hinge the table at one end or side and swing it upward. The leather
to be operated upon is placed on the table, and the weight or weights cause it to
be pressed against the revolving brush; the foot of the operator is pressed on the
lever to withdraw the table from the brush when required. We use a catch to retain
the lever and hold the table away from the brush when the machine is not at
work; or instead of causing the table to be pressed against the brush by the
weight or weights (or springs), we mount the table so that it is withdrawn from
the brush by the weight or weights (or springs) and pressed against the brush by
the foot of the operator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SET SQUARES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sims at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November 1881.
JAMES SIMS, of Millard Road, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlesex,
Cabinet Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SET SQUARES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of what are known
as set squares and angles, the improvements having for object to avoid the
warping, shrinking, and swelling to which the ordinary wooden set squares and
angles as hitherto made are liable.
In carrying out my Invention I take three thin pieces or strips of wood of the
required length, and mitre them so that they form when fitted together the angles
required, and I place the same in a block or mould; across the mitres I then lay a
suitable number of metal strips, preferably of brass, and having their edges burred
or their surfaces indented. On these three pieces of wood I then place three
similar pieces, glue being placed between them; the two thicknesses of wood are
then subjected to pressure, whereby the hereinbefore described strips of brass are
thoroughly pressed into the wood, and the whole solidly fixed together; the edges
are then shot or planed and the square is complete.
When it is desired to provide the squares with metal edges, the metal for the
same is placed between the two hereinbefore described thicknesses of wood, and is
fixed in position by the pressure.
Set squares manufactured according to my Invention possess the additional
advantage of being stronger than those made from single pieces of wood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1881

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dickson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1881.
JOHN DICKSON the younger of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM
BOILERS."
Considerable amount of heat escapes as waste from locomotive engines thereby
causing a greater consumption of fuel than is absolutely necessary to produce
the required amount of steam and it is for the purpose of economising the
consumption of fuel in locomotive and other boilers that this my Invention is
designed.
I propose to attain this object thus:-By inserting a valve in the exhaust steam
pipe for the purpose of splitting up the steam passing to the nozzle of the blast
pipe and directing the whole or a portion of the exhaust steam into a branch pipe
out of the exhaust steam pipe leading to a hollow superheating pan under the
fire box. This pan consists of a box with metal sides and bottom and the top
I prefer to make of fire clay or other material which will resist intense heat.--
On this top I place the fire and thus substitute it for the ordinary fire bars and
ashpan.
The steam pipe enters this pan in such a manner as to draw in with each blast
of steam a sufficient column of air to keep the fire bright the superheated steam
thence passing between the fire bars in the top of the pan through the fire for the
purpose of chemically decomposing the exhaust steam or such portion thereof as
can be dealt with thereby forming and liberating hydrogen and other gases to be
afterwards consumed in the fire box and heating the same.
I also propose to use a portion of the exhaust steam to induct air into the fire
box above the level of the fuel to intermix with the ascending combustible gases by
means of jets of steam projected through an opening or openings in the sides or
bottom of the fire box,
For the purpose of superheating the exhaust steam before passing it into the
fire and for utilizing more fully the heat from the waste products of combustion
D. 1

page_text: I pass these products into a casing under the boiler and preferably running its
entire length in which it is proposed to place the branch exhaust steam pipe and
convey the products of combustion to the firebox end of the boiler there to to be
liberated into another casing or jacket enveloping the remainder of the boiler and
having its final exit up an ordinary chimney in which the usual blast pipe is
inserted for assisting the draught.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1881

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1881. A communi-
cation from Monsieur Jules Bicking, of Giromagny, in the Republic of
France.
HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, and 4, South
Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING." [A communication from Monsieur Jules Bicking, of
Giromagny, in the Republic of France.]
The Invention communicated to me relates to an improved means for moving
the treadles which operate the healds and supporting or retaining the connections
of these healds at the bottom.
In carrying out the Invention, a shaft is employed which carries a toothed
wheel, the teeth of which move an endless chain constructed of horizontal rods, on
which are placed rollers and tubes. There are as many horizontal rods as shoots;
the rollers project and the tubes do not project much beyond the rod in such a
manner that the toothed wheel in moving draws along the endless chain, the rollers
raise their corresponding treadles, and consequently the healds, whilst the treadles
which are opposite the tubes do not move.
For retaining the connection of the healds I place at the bottom of the loom a
mechanical arrangement consisting of a shaft on which are placed moveable sectors,
on the are of these sectors is placed the connection of the corresponding heald.
On the other side of the sector is a catch or finger held by a spring and pressing
or not on a blade held by two lever arms, one at each end. These lever arms rise
or fall, and thereby retain or release the catches of the sectors, or a certain number
of them, according to the play of the healds. Motion is given to the lever arms
holding the blade by a finger taking into a groove or neck in a cam keyed on a
shaft.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCE FOR ARRANGING THE ORCHESTRA, IN COMBINATION WITH THE STAGE, STALLS, AUDITORIUM, FOOT LIGHTS, AND LANTERN ROOM OF THEATRES, CONCERT ROOMS, OR OTHER PLACES USED FOR DRAMATIC, MUSICAL, AND OTHER PERFORMANCES.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Murcott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1881.
HENRY JOHN MURCOTT, of Endell Street, Long Acre, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPLIANCE FOR ARRANGING THE ORCHESTRA,
IN COMBINATION WITH THE STAGE, STALLS, AUDITORIUM, FOOT LIGHTS, AND
LANTERN ROOM OF THEATRES, CONCERT ROOMS, OR OTHER PLACES USED FOR
DRAMATIC, MUSICAL, AND OTHER PERFORMANCES.'
33
This Invention has for its object improved arrangements of the orchestra in
combination with or in relation to the stage, stalls, auditorium, foot lights, and
lantern room of theatres, concert rooms, and other places used for dramatic, musical,
and other performances, so that the orchestra may be screened from the view of the
audience without suppressing or deadening the sound of the music, at the same
time admitting a view of the stage and actors to the musical performers in the
orchestra.
For this purpose the orchestra is arranged along the front and below the level of
the front edge of the stage in accordance with the usual practice but on different
levels, the front row of musicians being placed on a higher platform than the row
or rows behind them, each back row being a step lower than that in front of it.
An opening of about three feet more or less is arranged between the front edge
of the stage and the foot lights, which are advantageously mounted along the front
edge of a perforated surface (either flat or inclined) forming a cover or roof to the
back portion of the orchestra, which is thus screened and rendered invisible to the
auditorium; at the same time the musicians and actors can see each other, a sight
line from the orchestra commanding a view of a considerable portion of the stage,
The foot lights may be placed in front of the orchestra if required.
The orchestra thus arranged can be used for lantern and other effects, prompting
and other purposes, it also affords additional stall room under which the orchestra
can be extended if required.
Depression of sound is avoided as the covered portion of the orchestra is of open-
work of metal or other suitable material, the perforations in which may be of an
ornamental character.
'
The floor of the orchestra may be so constructed as to act as a sounding board
and thus give great resonance to the music.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, KITCHEN-RANGES, AND. THE LIKE APPLIANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Waterhouse Midgley and
Benjamin Edward Midgley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 22nd January 1881.
JAMES WATERHOUSE MIDGLEY and BENJAMIN EDWARD MIDGLEY, both of.
Keighley, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES, KITCHEN-RANGES,
AND. THE LIKE APPLIANCES."
The object of our Invention is to economise coal and general heat.
To accomplish this object we construct the back of the range or stove of any
suitable material, so as to be adjustable and pivotted at the bottom, close to the
ribs preferably, and can be regulated to any nicety, so that the fire presents a
large heating surface to the interior of the room with a much less quantity of fuel
than ordinarily.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA FURNITURE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Haddon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
THOMAS WILLIAM HADDON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLA FURNITURE."
Clerk.
This Invention refers to the runners and top notches used for securing the ribs
in umbrellas, parasols, and other like articles, and it consists in forming a tube
through which the stick passes, which tube is in two parts, the one screwing onto
the other. Around each part of the tube is formed an annular groove of such form
that when the two parts of the tube are connected, and these annular grooves are
brought together, they form a chamber round the tube.
This chamber is then slotted to receive the ends of the ribs, which are flattened
and formed with a small butt or projection to lie in the annular groove, or they
may be pierced with an eye through the end of each rib and threaded on a metal
ring, and this ring laid in the groove with the ribs passed one into each slot; the
cap or upper part of the tube is then screwed on and completes the article, the ribs
being free to work up and down in the slots in the annular chamber without escaping
therefrom.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING WIRE ROPES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Cheesman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1881.
HERBERT CHEESMAN, of Hartlepool, in the County of Durham. " AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING WIRE ROPES."
This Invention relates to an improved construction of apparatus for controlling
or working wire ropes on board ship or otherwise, whereby the rope is controlled in
a more simple and efficient manner than hitherto.
In carrying out my Invention I employ what may be termed a pair of
eccentrics; one of these eccentrics consists of a sheave so arranged that it may be
operated by a screw and lever handle or the like; the other eccentric consists of a
segment of suitable size, and provided with a spring for automatically throwing it
out of gear when not in operation.
Instead of employing the usual eye for keeping the rope in position before
entering the controller, I prefer to employ a keeper provided with a slide, so that
by raising the slide the rope can be easily placed in the keeper; and the slide being
then closed the rope will be securely held in position.
The operation of my improved apparatus or controller is as follows:-
The rope being placed in the space between the peripheries of the hereinbefore
described eccentrics, the screw of the sheave eccentric is operated, and directly the
two eccentrics come in contact with the rope and a strain is applied, the rope will
be firmly gripped between the two eccentrics, and the greater the strain or pull on
the rope the tighter will it be held.
The gripping surfaces of the eccentrics are preferably lined with hard wood to
prevent damage to the rone.
THE METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR GLAZING ROOFS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mellowes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1881.
JOSEPH MELLOWES, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
THE METHOD OF AND APPLIANCES FOR GLAZING ROOFS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to a simple and economical construction of glazed roofs,
and is particularly adapted for horticultural work, railway stations, markets, and
similar buildings. In carrying out my Invention, the roof consists of a series of
rows of glass panes arranged in gradations at different elevations so that each row
overhangs the row immediately below it.
One side of the outer or end panes of each row fits in a groove in one of the
bars of the framing, and the sides of the intermediate panes are also fitted in grooves
in the intermediate bars of the framing where they occur, but in some cases no
intermediate bars are required.
The several frames between the bars are connected together by strips of lead or
other suitable material of a H section, the sides of the panes entering the grooves
on the strips. The panes of each row enter at their upper ends a groove formed in
one of the purlins, whilst at their lower ends they rest upon the top of the next
purlin.
Nails may be drawn through the strips into the purlins or other equivalent
devices used as an additional means of securing the glass to the framework or
roof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING CLEARING TRAM RAILS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Septimus Hardeman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1881.
THOMAS SEPTIMUS HARDEMAN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR BRUSHING
CLEARING TRAM RAILS."
OR
This Invention relates principally to the construction of a rotary apparatus to
be applied to tramway cars for the purpose of brushing out and cleaning the
grooves of the tramway rails, but the same apparatus may also be attached to and
driven by a two wheel carriage of its own, separate from and independent of the
tramway car.
The apparatus consists principally of a pair of brushes mounted upon an axle
which is driven by a crossed strap or chain from a pulley keyed on the axle of the
running wheels of the car, the width of the brushes apart being equal to that of the
rails. The brush axle is carried in a frame or cross head which is mounted in
vertical slides, and is capable of being raised or lowered by means of a screw,
which can be turned at any time by the driver or other person by means of a
wheel or handle so as to raise the brushes out of action or to lower them down
onto the rails when required.
The bearings of the brush axle are fitted in horizontal slots in the cross head and
are provided with set screws by means of which the.brush axle can be moved further
from the driving axle so as to increase the tension of the strap or chain, or nearer
to it, so as to loosen the strap or chain when required to remove the same.
The brushes can be made of bristles, wire, whalebone, broom corn, weed, india
rubber, or other suitable substance, and they can be lowered as they wear away by
means of the screw above mentioned. When not required they may be either
raised up out of the way or entirely removed.
In those tramway cars where the body of the car is made to turn round on a
central pivot, the brush apparatus may be attached to the body and move round
with it, so as to be always in front of the running wheels. In this case each of the
running axles must be provided with a pulley and the strap or chain must be
removed when the car is reversed.

page_text: When attached to tramway cars wherein the body is not reversed, but the pole
and horses only are taken round and attached to the other end of the car, a brush
axle may be mounted at each end, the brushes in front of the running wheels only
being lowered, and the other brushes being raised up out of the way.
In each of the above cases the brushes will work in whichever direction the t
car is travelling, but in most cases it will be sufficient to have only one fixed brush
axle and to put it in action only when the car is travelling in, such a direction
that the brushes are in front of the running wheels.