NEW INVENTED. MACHINERY FOR THE BREAKING COMBING, HECKLING, PREPARING, SPINNING, SIZING, DRESSING, AND WINDING UPON THE PIN, WOOL, Tow, HEMP, FLAX AND COTTON
Year: 1789

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, EDMUND-
CARTWRIGHT, of Doncaster, in the County, of York, Clerk, sends greeting.
WHEREAS the King's most Excellent Majesty, by His Letters Patent
under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Third day of
August, in the twenty-ninth year of His reign, gave and granted unto the
said Edmund Cartwright, his exors, admors, and assigns, His special licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that he, the said Edmund Cartwright,
his exors, admors, and assigns, by himself.or: themselves, or by his or their
deputy or deputies, servants or agents, or. such other person: or persons. as he,
the said Edmund-Cartwright, should at any time agree with and no.other,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term: of::years
therein and herein-after expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend his "NEW INVENTED. MACHINERY FOR THE BREAKING
COMBING, HECKLING, PREPARING, SPINNING, SIZING, DRESSING, AND WINDING UPON
THE PIN, WOOL, Tow, HEMP, FLAX AND COTTON," within that part of Great
Britain called England, Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said Edmund Cartwright, his exors,
admors, and assigns, or any of; them, should in their discretion seem meet,
and that he, the said Edmund Cartwright, his exors, admors,, and assigns,
should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole' proper benefit,..com-
modity, and advantage from time to time and at all times hereafter accruing
or arising, by reason of the said new Invention, for and during the term of
years therein and herein-after mentioned, to have and to hold, exercise,

page_text: and enjoy the said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages herein-before
mentioned to be granted unto the said Edmund Cartwright, his exors,
adiñiors, and assigns, of the sole use, and exercise, and vending of the said
new invented Machinery for the Breaking, Combing, Heckling, Preparing,
Spinning, Sizing, Dressing, and Winding upon the Pin, Wool, Tow, Hemp,
Flax, and Cotton, for and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen
years from the date of the said Letters Patent, next and immediately ensuing,
and fully to be compleat and ended, according to the Statute in that case made
and provided; His Majesty in such Letters Patent thereby strictly commanding
all and every person or persons, bodies politic and corporate, and all other
His Majesty's subjects whatsoever, of what estate, quality, degree, name, or
condition soever, they being within that part of His Majesty's said Kingdom
of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, that neither they or any of them, at any time during
the continuance of the said term of fourteen years thereby granted, either
directly or indirectly, do make, use, or put in practice the said Invention, or
any part of the same, so attained unto the said Edmund Cartwright, his exors,
adiñors, and assigns, as aforesaid, nor in anywise counterfeit, imitate, or
resemble the same, nor make or cause to be made any addition thereto, or
substraction from the same, whereby to pretend himself or themselves the
inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors thereof, without the licence, consent,
or agreement of the said Edmund Cartwright, his exors, admors, or assigns,
under his or their hands or seals, first had and obtained in that behalf, upon
such pains or penalties as can or may be justly inflicted on such offender or
offenders for their contempt of His Majesty's said Royal Command, and further
. to be answerable to the said Edmund Cartwright, his exors, admors, and
assigns, according to law, for his or their damages occasioned thereby; in
. which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if the said Edmund
Cartwright, his exors, admors, or assigns, or any other person or persons
which shall or may at any time thereafter, during the continuance of the said
grant, have or claim any right, title, or interest, at law or in equity, of, in, or
to the power, privilege, and authority, of the sole use and benefit of the said
. Invention, should make any transfer or assignment, or any pretended transfer
.or assignment, of the said liberty or privilege, or any share or shares of the
. benefit or profits thereof, to or for any number of persons exceeding the
number of five; and also that if the said Edmund Cartwright should not
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of his said Invention of Breaking,
Combing, Heckling, Preparing, Spinning, Sizing, Dressing, and Winding upon
the Pin, Wool, Tow, Hemp, Flax, and Cotton, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within
one calendar month next and inimediately after the date of the said Royal
Letters Patént, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and
become void, anything therein contained to the contrary thereof in anywise
notwithstanding.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edmund Cartwright, in pursuance of
and in compliance with the said proviso in the said recited Royal Letters Patent
contained, do by this present instrument declare, that the nature of my said
new invented Machinery for the Breaking, Combing, Heckling, Preparing,
Spinning, Sizing, Dressing, and Winding upon the Pin, Wool, Tow, Hemp,
Flax, and Cotton, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is
described and ascertained in the Plan hereunto annexed, and which is explained
and referred to in the letters, figures, and words following (that is to say) :-
Figure 1. The breaker, consisting of one or more pairs of fluted cylinders
for crushing the hemp or flax.
Figure 2. The combing or heckling machine; A, a cylindrical frame
having longitudinal apertures for receiving the graspers; B, B, the graspers
for holding the material to be combed or heckled; C, the comb or heckle;
D, the gage; E, a rack, upon which is fix'd the comb or heckle, if that is to
be elevated, or the gage, if that is to be depressed; F, an axis, having a pinion
upon it working into the rack. This axis receives its motion from the axis of
the cylindrical frame by means of pullies and a strap or band. As the cylin-
drical frame revolves, the comb or huckle gradually rises; or, if it be thought
better that the comb or heckle should stand still, the gage gradually sinks.
Figure 3. A, the retracting cylinder or pully, revolving upwards against
the thread, or yarn, or cotton twist, as it comes from the rollers to the spindle;
B, the trough containing the sizing liquor or dressing, which is prepared of
such glutinous materials as are commonly made use of by weavers for that
purpose, according to the article they are weaving; C, the wick or conductor,
made of spunge, or any spungy substance that conveys the sizing liquor or
dressing to the contracting cylinder or pully, if the material that is spinning
require such sizing or dressing; D the glazier or polisher, revolving the same
way as the contracting cylinder or pully. For making the velocity of the spole
and the spindle tally properly, I use a spring that presses against or embraces,
or acts upon the bottom of the spole, which spring is made to press or embrace
more or less by means of a screw.
Figure 4. A, the spring; B, the regulating screw; C, a false bottom for the

page_text: conveniency of shifting the spole without disturbing the spring, which false
bottom the spoles are made to fit upon. To answer the same purpose with
the above apparatus, I use two or more strings, as in Figures 5, 6, 7, and
which may be tightened at pleasure. When I rove or spin with a jack, the
spole is steadied by the pressure of a spring upon the pivots of the spole; 'as in
Figure 8. When I spin upon the reel, the operation is performed by a doublé
jack, having two or more setts of rollers in it, the one set receiving its motion
in the same manner as the bowl or block in the common jack, from which the
other set or sets of rollers receive motion by means of pullies or wheels, as in
the conimon spinning frame. The reel is made to revolve with the same speed
as the rollers in the jack give out the thread or yarn, &c:; or if the thread' or
yarn; &c., require to be drawn as well as twisted; the reel has such additional
speed as the draw requires...
Figure 9. A, the roving spole, fixed in the frame of the jack, and revolving
with it; B, the jack; C, the reel, mov'd either by a bowl or by tooth and
pinion.. To spin and wind upon the shuttle pin' at the same time; the levers
that work the rising board hang in moveable centres, which centres are raised
by rack and pinion, as in Figure 10; or by screw and nut wheel; as in
Figure 11, the pinion 'or nut wheel receiving the speed required from any
convenient slow-moving wheel or worm.
Figure 10. A, the lever; B; the centre; C, the rack; D, the pinion; E,
the heart wheel..
Figure 11. A, the screw; B, the nut wheel.
Note. When a copping frame is used, the slides of which are perpendicular
to the heart wheel or its axis, the slides must be made in two parts, as
Figure 12 and 13, the upper parts of which are raised by the same means as
the moveable centres in Figure 10 and 11. Note, also, to spin and wind upon
the shuttle pin, the pin must be fast upon the spindle, and the flyers move
with the rising board. When this principle is applied to the hand wheel, or
jenny, or mule, the lever has a joint, as in Figure 14, which is closed when
the lever is intended to act by pulling a string, and it receives its action from
a heart-like wheel or pully upon the axis of the principal wheel; the nut wheel
or pinion receives action from the slide either in drawing out or putting up,
in the same manner as the index or regulator. A, the guider; B, the lever;
C, the centre; D, the joint; E; the heart-like wheel or pully.
Note. The screw or rack passes thro' the side rail, and the nut wheel or
pinion projects thro' a lateral mortice, so as the catch upon the slide may take
a tooth every time.. When I spin or rove with a jack, the jack is turn'd by a
pully, both at the top and the bottom. In roving or spinning with a spindle,

page_text: the spindle and the flyers are unconnected, each being turned by a seperate
pulley, as Fig. 15. I use also a dead spindle, unconnected with the flyers, as
in Fig. 16.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Cartwright, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine.
EDMUND (L.S.) CARTWRIGHT.
Sealed and delivered, being first duly
stampt, and the several interlinea-
tions and oreguros haing first mat
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1789, the aforesaid Edmund Cartwright came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the
tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One