Improvements in Fireproof Ceilings and Floors.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fireproof Ceilings and Floors.
I, JOHANN FRANZ KLBINE, of Erbach on Rhine, Germany, Master Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the Specification to Patent No. 2335 of 1893 I have described a method of
manufacturing ceiling with iron girders characterised by the employment of a slab
or of a flat arch consisting of artificial or natural stones, firmly connected together
by means of a suitable cement, and carrying iron bars imbedded in the joints
between the several stone-layera and set on edge.
Ceilings of such a construction possess, as is commonly known, an extremely
high power of bearing-strength and security, which, in particular cases, can
still be considerably increased while reducing the dead weight of the ceilings.
The accompanying drawings shew some forms of execution of the improved
construction of ceilings according to my present invention based on the above
mentioned patented construction.
Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are a plan view and sections on the lines x x and y y respec-
tively of this plan view, where the iron joists placed on edge are imbedded in
cement between the joints of two opposite stones, these stones forming higher
stems b projecting over the simple slabs a. Between these stone stems, slabs a are
arranged, the bearing surfaces of which correspond to the stems. The upper edges
of the stems b carry plates a serving either directly as floors, or as supports for a
floor. Between the low slabs a and these covering plates hollow spaces d are
formed susceptible of being used for certain technical purposes, such as for heating
and ventilating devices, and for this purpose they are put in communication with
each other by means of peculiar pipos or hollow stones Fig. 2 shewn in dotted
lines in the plan view, Fig. 1. The hollow spaces d may of course serve also for
receiving a loose isolating material.
The iron bars laid on edge between the stone layers can be subjected, (as pointed
out already in the Specification to the former patent) to a considerable flexure
owing to the strong cohesion and adhesion of the materials employed namely
stones, cement and iron. But in the form indicated in the former specification
they are not capable of supporting by themselves the dead weight of the ceiling
and of its load and are naturally subjected to a considerable tensile strain.
In many cases it may be desirable to strengthen in cross section the lower part
of these imbedded iron bars which have to resist to a higher degree a tensile strain;
this may be done by employing suitably stronger profiles. But by insorting these
shaped bars freely between the two parallel ranges of stones b forming the stems,
there would result mortar joints of too great a width, as shewn in Figs. 1 to 3,
this can be reduced in the upper part by inclining the stones, as at Fig. 3 but not
in the lower part of the joints.
In the Figs. 4 to 8 the idea of the invention has been more fully carried out in
such a manner that plates partionlarly capable of bearing strains are arranged as
such above described stems.

page_text: These stems are formed with enlarged spaces in the joints between each other,
for receiving suitably shaped iron bars imbedded in the cement and with these
stems 6' there are connected correspondingly shaped lower slabs a' while the stems
carry at top plates c¹ forming the floor or serving to support the latter.
Figs. 5 and 6 are cross sections through the plan view Fig. 4 on the lines zs and
ww respectively.
In this form of construction the main purpose consists in obtaining the smallest
possible weight of the massive ceiling by making the lower slabs a' as thin as
possible. But in order to obtain also in this light manufacture the required margin
of security, these thin plates are firmly connected to the stems not only by adhesion
but also, as shown in Figa. 6 and 7, by direct support froin the said stems; tho
accompanying drawings shewn by way of example several forins of construction.
The mortar joints for imbedding the shaped iron bars is correspondingly enlarged
in Fig. 6 by cutting out the plates at the joints.
Fig. 7 shows a section of a modified construction in which the enlargement of the
mortar joint for imbedding suitably shaped iron bars is obtained by the employment
of a third set of stones between the two stems b¹. The connection of the slabs a¹
with b' is the same as at Fig. 6.
Fig. 8 shows another modification in which the shaped iron bars are imbedded
in the saino manner as at Fig. 7, but the slabs a' are made of greater thickness,
and are secured to the stems b¹ by cementing, without any dovetail joints as in
the previous arrangements, thus affording the advantage that stones of only
rectangular cross section are required.
Dated this 18th day of August 1896.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
סנטע גרעגענ ג ט
Improvements in Fireproof Ceilings and Floors.
I, JOHANN FRANZ KLEINE, of Erbach ou Rhine, Germany, Master Buildor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the Specification to Patont No. 2335 of 1893 I have described a method of
manufacturing ceiling with iron girders characterised by the employment of a slab
or of a flat arch consisting of artificial or natural stones, firmly connected together
by means of a suitable cement, and carrying iron bars imbedded in the joints
between the several stone layers and set on edge.
Ceilings of such a construction possess, as is commonly known, an extremely
high power of bearing strength and security, which, in particular cases, can still be
considerably increased while reducing the dead weight of the ceilings.
The drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification show some forms of
execution of the improved construction of ceilings according to my present invention
based on the above mentioned patented construction.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 are a plan viow and sections on the lines x x and y y
respectively of this plan view, where the iron joists placed on edge are imbedded
in cement between the joints of two opposite stoues, these stones forming higher
stems projecting over the simple slabs . Between these stone stems, slabs a
are arranged; the bearing surfaces of which correspond to the stems. The upper
edges of the stems b carry plates c serving either directly as floors, or as supports
for a floor. Between the low slabs and these covering plates hollow spaces
formed susceptible of being used for certain technical purposes, such as for hoating
aud ventilating devices, and for this purpose they are put in communication with
are

page_text: each other by means of peculiar pipes or hollow stones l, Figure 2, shown in dotted
lines in the plan view, Figure 1. The hollow spaces & may of course serve also for
recoiving a loose isolating material.
Tho iron bars laid on edge between the stone layers can be subjected (as pointed
out already in the Specification to the former patent) to a considerable flexure
owing to the strong cohesion and adhesion of the materials employed, namely
stones, cement, and iron. But in the form indicated in the former Specification
they are not capable of supporting by themselves the dead weight of the ceiling
and of its load and are naturally subjected to a considerable tensile strain.
In many cases it may be desirable to strengthen in cross section the lower part
of these imbedded iron bars which have to resist to a higher degree a tensile strain;
this may be done by employing suitably stronger profiles. But by inserting these
shaped bars freely between the two parallel ranges of stones b forming the stems,
there would result mortar joints of too great a width, as shewn in Figures 1 to 3,
this can be reduced in the upper part by inclining the stones, as at Figuro 3, but
not in tho lower part of the joints.
In the Figures 4 to 8 the idea of the invention has been more fully carried out
in such a manner that plates particularly capable of bearing strains are arranged
as auch above described stems.
These stems are formed with enlarged spaces in the joints between each other,
for receiving suitably shaped iron bars imbedded in the cement and with these
stems b' there are connected correspondingly shaped lower slabs a' while the stems
carry at top plates c' forming the floor or serving to support the latter.
Figures 5 and 6 are cross sections through the plan view Figure 4 on the lines
zz and w w respectively.
In this form of construction the main purposo consists in obtaining the smallest
possible weight of the massive ceiling by making the lower slabs a' as thin as
possible. But in order to obtain also in this light manufacture the required margin
of security, these thin plates are firmly connected to the stems not only by adhesion,
but also, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7, by direct support from the said stems; the
drawings shew by way of example several forms of construction.
The mortar joints for imbedding the shaped iron bars is correspondingly enlarged
in Figure 6 by cutting out the plates at the joints.
Figure 7 shews a section of a modified construction in which the enlargement
of the mortar joint by imbedding suitably shaped iron bars is obtained by the
employment of a third set of stones between the two stoms b'. The connection of
the slabs a' with b' is the same as at Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows another modification in which the shaped iron bars are imbedded
in the same manner as at Figure 7, but the slabs are made of greater thickness
and are secured to the stems b' by cementing, without any dovetail joints as in the
previous arrangements, thus affording the advantage that stones of only rectangular
cross section are required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of iny said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Fire-proof ceilings and floors of the kind heroin referred to, wherein the stones
lying at the sides of the iron joists are formed as higher stems carrying between
them correspondingly shaped slabs and serving with their upper edge as a support
for the floor plates c, so that hollow spacos are formed that may serve for various
purposes, substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 8 of the
drawings.
2. In the construction of ceiling or floor referred to in the first claim, constructing
the stems b with perforations in their upper part, whereby the hollow spaces d aro
made to communicate with each other, substantially as herein described.
3. In the construction of ceilings and floors referred to in the first claim, con-
structing the stems b' with enlarged joints in which are carried iron rods imbedded

page_text: in cement for imparting increased tensile strength, the said stems being also suitably
shaped for supporting thin intermediate slabs a substantially as herein described
with reference to Figures 4 to 7 of the drawings.
4. A construction of ceilings and floors such as is referred to in the third claim,
wherein the enlargement of the mortar joint for imbedding the shaped iron bare is
obtained by the employment of a third set of stones between the two stems b¹,
substantially as described with reference to Figures 7 and 8.1
5. A construction of ceilings and floors such as is referred to in the claim 4
having rectangular stems b' and rectangular enlarged intermediate slabs a¹ inserted
between them so as to dispense with dove-tail joints substantially as described with
reference to Figure 8 of the drawings.
Daten Is Ton day or may 1097.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.