IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRO-CHLORIC ACID FROM CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM AND OF BYE PRODUCTS VALUABLE AS MANURE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ludwig Mond of Winnington Hall near Northwich
in the county of Chester for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HYDRO-CHLORIC ACID FROM CHLORIDE OF AMMONIUM AND
OF BYE PRODUCTS VALUABLE AS MANURE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ludwig Mond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1883.
LUDWIG MOND of Winnington Hall near Northwich in the county of Chester
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDRO-CHLORIC ACID FROM CHLORIDE
OF AMMONIUM AND OF BYE, PRODUCTS VALUABLE AS MANURE"
"
I treat chloride of Ammonium with an excess of Sulphuric acid, say for one
equivalent of chloride of Ammonium from 1'/, to 2 equivalents of sulphuric acid.
I thus obtain the whole, or nearly the whole of the hydrochloric acid from the
chloride of ammonium on heating to a moderate temperature, say 250° centigrade,
without volatilizing any Ammonia. The residual product is an acid sulphate of
ammonium, this I treat with Ammonia or carbonate of Ammonia in solution, or
in the gaseous form, so as to convert into neutral sulphate of ammonia, a valuable
manure. I also propose to mix the acid sulphate of ammonia with tricalcic
phosphate, bone earths, phosphorites or the like. The phosphate is thus rendered
soluble and a valuable manure is the result.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Ludwig Mond in the Patent Office on the 13th February 1884.
LUDWIG MOND, of Winnington Hall, Northwich, in the County of Chester
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID FROM CHLORIDE
OF AMMONIUM AND OF BYE PRODUCTS VALUABLE AS MANURE
"
The first part of my invention relates to obtaining hydrochloric acid from
chloride of ammonium. If chloride of ammonium be treated with sulphuric acid
in the manner in which other alkaline chlorides are treated, only sufficient acid
being used as is theoretically required to form neutral sulphate of ammonia
(NH)'S O. with the ammonia present-the sulphuric acid is found to be not
powerful enough to drive out all the bydrochloric acid and only appears to combine
with sufficient of the base to make acid sulphate, leaving a considerable amount of
ammonium chloride undecomposed. The resulting residue is acid and on heating
it to a high temperature dense vapours of chloride of ammonium are given off.
In order to obtain from chloride of ammonia all or nearly all the hydrochloric
acid it can yield and also to obtain from the residue neutral sulphate of ammonia,
I proceed as follows:
I treat the chloride of ammonium with an excess of sulphuric acid, say with
a sufficient amount of sulphuric acid to combine with all or nearly all the
ammonium present as acid sulphate (NH) HSO, and heat the mixture until
all or nearly all the hydrochloric acid is disengaged. This operation can be
performed at a moderute temperature say 250 degrees centigrade without.
volatilizing any ammonia.
The liquid acid sulphate of ammonia remaining is drawn off from the vessel in
which the operation has been performed, and either cooled, solidified and broken
up, or treated with ammoniacal gases, such as are obtained by the distillation of
the ammoniacal liquor of gas or bone charcoal works, or of other origin, until it
be converted into neutral sulphate. If the acid sulphate has been cooled and
broken up, it is exposed to the action of such gases in chambers preferably
arranged in series so as to allow of methodical working. Or the neutralization can
be effected by adding to the acid salt a solution of ammonia or of an easily decom-
posable salt of aminonia, such as carbonate, sulphide, et cetera-In the latter case
the resulting solution must be evaporated to obtain the solid salt.
I claim as my invention under this first hend :
1st. The process of extracting all or nearly all the hydrochloric acid from
chloride of ammonium, which consists in adding sufficient acid to the chloride
to form an acid sulphate with all the ammonium present and heating, substantially
as described.
2nd. The production of neutral sulphate of ammonia (valuable as a manure), by
forming an acid sulphate of amnionia and then exposing it to gases containing 4
ammonia or carbonate of ammonia, or neutralizing it with a solution of ammonia
or of a salt of ammonia, substantially as described.
The second part of my invention relates to forming a phosphatic manure rich in
ammonia.
For this purpose I add acid sulphate of ammonia (NH) H SO, to bone meal, 4
ground phosphorites, or other difficultly soluble phosphates, in such proportions
that the excess of acid in the acid sulphate of ammonia above that required to
form the neutral salt (NH) SO, will be sufficient in quantity to convert all the
phosphates present into soluble phosphate. The desired result may be best
obtained by grinding the two materials together with a little water. The resulting &

page_text: product being dried and comminuted in any desirable manner is the manure
required. An intimate inixture of the two materials in the requisite proportions
can also be used as a manure.
I claim as my invention under this second head :
The manufacture of superphosphate manure by the combination or mixture of
acid sulphate of ammonia and insoluble or difficultly soluble phosphates, substantially
as described.
In witness whereof I the said Ludwig Mond have hereunto set my hand and
seal this first day of February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred
and eighty four.