IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND TUBES POR SMOKING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isac Louis Pulvermacher, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND
TUBES POR SMOKING."
Sealed the 5th January 1858, and dated the 10th July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1857.
I, ISAC LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PIPES AND TUBES FOR SMOKING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements on and additions to an Invention
for which Letters Patent were granted to me for Great Britain the 4th of
December 1852.
The tube for containing the tobacco or other material to be smoked is formed
at bottom with a cutting edge to enable it to be readily and easily charged;
on the top of this tube is the bowl or that part substituted for the bowl of an
ordinary pipe. It consists of a short length of tube or of a cylinder forme:l
conical at bottom, and with a rim or edge for uniting it to the supply tube.
Immediately above, the rim holes are pierced all round, to allow of the passage
of the smoke, as hereafter explained. At top, wires are placed upon the
cylinder to offer a resistance to the falling out of the tobacco, and yet suffi-
ciently open to permit of the ashes falling. I insert in the bottom of the
supply tube a series of telescopic tubes and screws, or a simple screw, or other
equivalent connected to a hollow stem, through which passes a rod for con-

page_text: municating niotion to the screw or other apparatus; or, instead of a screw I
employ a rack and pinion for raising the tobacco. After the pipe or holder has
been charged, and the telescopic tubes or screw has been placed therein, I
place over the whole length of the tube a paper or other porous cylinder or
case, the upper end of which covers the aperture in the bottom of the cylinder
before named, and the lower end covers a mouthpiece previously slidden over
the hollow stem, and between which mouthpiece and stem there is provided
a space all round to allow of passage of smoke into the mouth of the smoker.
Thus the smoke does not pass through the body of tobacco in the supply tube,
but comes directly through the apertures in the bottom of the cylinder outside
of the supply tube, and between it and the porous case, which, absorbing and
allowing of the volatilization of the essential oil prevents any injury to the
snioker. While the pipe is still in the mouth, by simply turning the hollow mouth-
piece or the case and supply tube, the teeth holding the rod. stationary, tobacco
is pressed forward to take the place of such as has been consumed in the
cylinder, aud thus the pipe may be used until the whole contents of the supply
tube have been consumed. In some cases I connect the cylinder to the supply
tube by a hinge when the supply tube may be charged from the top; and if
desired, the tobacco in the cylinder being still alight, an indefinite number of
charges may be smoked without the pipe going out or without fresh lighting
being necessary.
Instead of tobacco in a cut state a cigar may be placed in the supply tube
between the perforated cylinder and the mouthpiece.
My Invention further consists in the adaptation of my system to ordinary
pipes or pipes of the form generally adopted.. I form the bowl with one, two
or more apertures leading from near the top of the inside down through the
thickness of the sides thereof into a passago leading to the stem, and I fit a
propelling apparatus in the bottom of the bowl, worked from the outside for
the purpose of raising the tobacco'to the necessary point for the smoke being.
drawn through the sides of the bowl instead of through the whole body of the
tobacco, as is now ordinarily done. Or, instead of making apertures in the
thickness of the sides of the bowl, I fit therein a lining or cup, bell-mouthed
at the upper edge, and so formed otherwise as to leave a space or passage
between it and the interior sides of the bowl; at bottom room is left for the
working of a propeller, and the passage or space between the lining and side
of the bowl communicates with the pipe tube or stem. The turned over edge
or bell-inmouth of the lining or cup is perforated to allow of the smoke passing
down between the liuing and interior of the bowl.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th January 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAC
LOUIS PULVERMACHER, of Paris, in the Empire of France,. Engineer,. send.
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her. Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One-
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, Her special licence that I, the said Isac
Louis Pulvermacher, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and.
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPES AND TUBES FOR SMOKING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, my executors or
administrators,. by an instrument in writing under my or their or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
eause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar:
months next, and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in improvements on and' additions to an Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me for Great Britain, the Fourth of
December One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.
The tube for containing the tobacco or other material to be smoked is formed.
at bottom with a cutting edge to enable it to be readily and easily charged;
on the top of this tube is the bowl or that part substituted for the bowl of an.
ordinary pipe. It consists of a short length of tube, or of a cylinder formed
conical at bottom, and with a rim or edge for uniting it to the supply tube.
Immediately above the rim, holes are pierced all round to allow of the passage

page_text: of the smoke, as hereafter explained. At top, wires are placed upon the
cylinder to offer a resistance to the falling out of the tobacco, and yet
sufficiently open to permit of the ashes falling. I insert in the bottom of the
supply tube a series of telescopic tubes and screws or a simple screw or other
equivalent connected to a hollow stem through which passes a rod for com-
municating motion to the screw or other apparatus; or, instead of a screw I
employ a rack and pinion for raising the tobacco. After the pipe or holder has
been charged and the telescopic tubes or screw has been placed therein, I place
over the whole length of the tube a paper or other porous cylinder or case, the
upper end of which covers the apertures in the bottom of the cylinder before
named, and the lower end covers a mouthpiece previously slidden over the
hollow stem, and between which mouthpiece and stem there is provided a
space all round to allow of passage of smoke into the mouth of the smoker.
Thus the smoke does not pass through the body of tobacco in the supply tube,
but comes directly through the apertures in the bottom of the cylinder outside
of the supply tube, and between it and the porous case, which, absorbing and
allowing of the volatilization of the essential oil, prevents any injury to the
smoker. While the pipe is still in the mouth, by simply turning the hollow
mouthpiece or the case and supply tube, the teeth holding the rod stationary,
tobacco is pressed forward to take the place of such as has been consumed in
the cylinder, and thus the pipe may be used until the whole contents of the
supply tube have been consumed.
In some cases I connect the cylinder to the supply tube by a hinge, when
the supply tube may be charged from the top, and if desired, the tobacco in
the cylinder being still alight, an indefinite number of charges may be
smoked without the pipe going out or without fresh lighting being necessary.
Instead of tobacco in a cut state, a cigar may be placed in the supply tube
between the perforated cylinder and the mouthpiece.
My Invention further consists in the adaptation of my system to ordinary
pipes, or pipes of the form generally adopted. I form the bowl with one, two,
or more apertures leading from near the top of the inside down through the
thickness of the sides thereof, into a passage leading to the stem, and I fit a
propelling apparatus in the bottom of the bowl worked from the outside for
the purpose of raising the tobacco to the necessary point for the smoke being
drawn through the sides of the bowl instead of through the whole body of the
tobacco, as is now ordinarily done.
Instead of making apertures in the thickness of the sides of the bowl, I fit
therein a lining or cup, bell-mouthed at the upper edge, and so formed other-
wise as to leave a space or passage between it and the interior sides of the

page_text: bowl; at bottom room is left for the working of a propeller, and the passage or
space between the lining and side of the bowl communicates with the pipe
tube or stem. The turned over edge or bell-mouth of the lining or cup is
perforated, to allow of the smoke passing down between the lining and interior
of the bowl.
I will now proceed by the aid of Drawings to illustrate the manner in
which my Invention may be carried into effect, and will commence by
describing my Invention applied to pipes.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 a plan of an ordinary pipe with
my improvements applied thereto. A is the bottom of the bowl traversed by a
screw B, carrying at top the disc or tobacco carrier C; D is a channel made
in the thickness of the side of the bowl, which communicates by the aperture o
with the fire or lighted tobacco E, by the aperture p with the tube leading to
the mouth of the smoker, and by the aperture 7 with the atmosphere; this
It will
latter may be stopped by a stopper 1 carrying the guard or cover s.
be seen that the channel D is prolonged beyond the aperture p. To use the
pipe, screw down the disc C, fill the bowl, close the aperture 2, and light the
tobacco. The smoke on being drawn passes through the aperture o into the
channel D through the tube into the mouth. As fast as the tobacco is
consumed the disc C is screwed up to maintain a quantity of fresh tobacco
above the aperture o.
The bottom of the channel D will receive the essential
oil, which must be occasionally emptied, or the channel may be continued to
the bottom of the bowl and closed by a stopper, on withdrawing which the oil
will run out. The aperture o should be oblique, to prevent any pieces
of tobacco falling into the channel, or a screen should be fixed for that
purpose.
Figures 3 and 4 are vertical sections of a pipe similar to that last described
but with a different propelling apparatus for raising the tobacco to the line of
ignition or to the fire. In Figure 3 the bowl is shown full, and in Figure 4
the contents are partially consumed. In an opening made through the bottom
of the bowl is fixed a circular tube a; a second tube b, which carries the
tobacco carrier, and capable of up-and-down motion without being free to turn,
is inserted in it; the lower part of tube is furnished with a nut c, in which
works the screw d, to the lower end of which is fixed a pivot which passes
through the bottom of the tube a. It is provided with a shoulder above the
bottom thereof, and a stop disc below it, thus the screw is free to turn without
ascending in the tube a. Bis a knob fixed to the pivot of the serow, and on
turning this to the right or to the left it causes the nut c fixed to the tube to
ascend or descend, and thereby the tobacco carrier to rise or fall.

page_text: Figure 5 is a section of another form of pipe, and modification of propeller
for raising the tobacco; and Figures 6 and 7 are views on an enlarged scale
of this propeller.
In order to bring the smoke in contact with an extended cool surface and
thereby purify it, I have fitted a moveable cup or lining A made of any
incombustible substance inside the bowl. The lower surface of the cup com-
mencing from a, a, is of less diameter than the upper part, and above a, a, the
cup fits the bowl tightly. o, o, are the apertures through which the interior
of the cup is made to communicate with the space between it and the
bowl; the space b is open through the channel G to the tube t leading to
the mouthpiece; c is a tube the upper part of which is in the form of a screw
or is threaded as shewn at d, whereby its exterior surface may perform as a
screw while its interior surface may act as a nut; this tube, narrowed at its.
lower part as at f, and serving as a guide to a threaded tube g, is solidly fixed
in the bowl or bottom of the pipe. The bottom of the cup has inserted into
it a female screw corresponding to the thread of the screw d, to allow of its
being screwed down upon the tube c; and fixed inside the bowl g is a
hollow screw or threaded tube, the bottom of which terminates in or is
provided with a square hole to receive a square rod h, the bottom of
which is soldered or otherwise fixed to a hollow knob a'. On sliding this
knob over the part f of the tube c, which descends from the bottom of
the bowl, the rod h will at the same time be introduced in the square
aperture at the bottom of the tub g, and by turning the knob one way or the
other the tobacco carrier P will be made to rise or fall in the cup. The line
of the lighted tobacco will never be below the apertures o, o, the heat will s
consequently be retained at the top of the cup and bowl, the greater part of
the cup and bowl will remain cool, whence a cooling of the smoke and con-
densation of the nicotine and oil with which the smoke is charged, which will
accumulate at the bottom of the bowl and outside of the cup. In order to
clean out the oil, the cup must be unscrewed. To provide against the 3
unscrewing of the cup, and to furnish a receptacle for the oil outside of the
bowl, I have modified the propelling apparatus as follows:-Over the tube c,
Figures 8 & 9, another tube of larger diameter is fixed to leave a space
between them for passage of the oil. The fixing may be by means of claws,
Figure 11, or by making the inner tube square and the outer circular, s
Figure 10, or by any other suitable means. The part f of the tube c is
inserted in a cap k, carrying at bottom the square rod h. This cap in its turn
is inserted in the tube 1, with which it works. This latter is soldered to the
hollow knob Q, which forms the reservoir, and thus the oil is kept from the

page_text: inside of the propelling apparatus. By turning the knob Q the tube / com-
municates rotary motion to the cap k, and consequently to the rod h, which
then acts as in the preceding arrangement.
Figures 12 and 13 show a smoking tube constructed according to my
Invention, having somewhat the appearance of a cigar or cigarette. a is
a tube for containing tobacco. The part of this tube 6 is polygonal, and is
surrounded by a round tube c, so as to leave a space between the two. At
the bottom end of the tube is inserted a nut f, in which travels the threaded
rod t, carrying the disc d; g is a knob, hollow for a certain 'distance, in which
is fixed the square rod k, doing the same duty as the square rod, Figures 6
and 8. The tube at its upper part is round and narrowed, and forms a
capsule h. The rod k passes through the bottom of this capsule, where it is
held as in a collar; the knob g being united to the rod by means of a pin,
or otherwise, becomes also fixed upon the capsule, and upon which it is free
to turn with the rod; 1 is a tube of earthenware, plaster, meerschaum, paper;
or other suitable material. At bottom this tube rests against the bulge a¹ of
the tube a, and at top upon the tube c, which is in ivory, bone, or other
suitable material. Between the tubes and a there is a space p which
communicates with the ignited tobacco above the orifices o, o, through these
orifices and the mouth of the smoker through the tube c; 7 is the cover
carrying the guard. The smoke is drawn from the lighted tobacco above the
orifices o, o, through them into the mouth of the smoker through the space p.
To propel a supply of tobacco to the fire, turn the knob 9, which causes the
rod to turn, and with it the threaded tube t; the nut f being fixed, the
threaded tube is made to advance and propel the disc d.
Figure 14 shews another form of smoking tube, in which the propelling
apparatus is different. m, m, n, are tubes oue in another, and the number
of which will depend upon the length to be given to the apparatus. By
means of feathers these tubes are prevented from turning, and are only free
to move over each other lengthwise. u are turned-over rims to prevent their
becoming separated one from another. 1, 2, 3, are so many threaded tubes
as there are plain tubes m, m', m", they screw into each other, as shown in
the Figure; f is a nut fixed in the upper end of the tube m, and in this nut
works the threaded tube 1; is a rod fixed on the extremity of the threaded
tube v, it passes through the bottom a, with which the tube is provided,
and in which it is held as in a collar; g is a knob, in which the rod is fixed;
d is a disc, fixed to the tube m for pushing forward the tobacco. The con-
struction otherwise is similar to that of Figures 12 and 13.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my improve-
ments in pipes and tubes for smoking the several arrangements herein-
before described, together with all modifications thereof, whereby the lighted
tobacco is prevented from descending below a fixed point or level, whereby
the supply is maintained at that level, and whereby the smoke is inhaled
without being drawn through the tobacco below that level.
I also claim the various apparatuses and contrivances for propelling tobacco
towards a fixed point, as herein-before described, and represented in the
Drawings annexed, however the pipes or tubes are constructed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isac Louis Pulvermacher, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-eight.
ISAC LEWIS PULVERMACHER. (L.S.)