IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING DIP CANDLES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Watson, Charles Watson, and George
Watson, of the Firm of Joseph Watson and Sons, Tallow Chandlers
"
and Candle Makers, of Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, in the County of
York, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING
DIP CANDLES."
Scaled the 15th September 1870, and dated the 26th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Watson, Charles
Watson, and George Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 26th March 1870.
We, JOSEPH WATSON, CHARLES WATSON, and GEORGE WATSON, of
the Firm of Joseph Watson and Sons, Tallow Chandlers and Candle
Makers, of Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR MAKING DIP CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
making dip candles, by the aid of which a large quantity can be easily
made and a great saving of manual labor effected.

page_text: Frames for the candle rods can be made of any convenient size; from
100 to 200 rods of candles can be dipped by one man at one time. The
dipping frame is worked in slides conveniently fixed outside the mould,
and is suspended by chains working in two or more sheave pullies which
arc on a shaft actuated by a worm wheel and worm or other suitable
toothed wheels so as to give a steady motion in lowering or raising the
candles from the mould, or in place of the worm wheel and worm or
other suitable toothed wheels we lower or raise the candle frame from
the mould by a small hydraulic or steam cylinder, by a chain fixed to
piston rod and passed over a sheave pulley, or by attaching a connecting
rod from piston to a suitable lever or shaft carrying the sheave pullies.
The candle rods for the wicks are placed in the frames from the top side.
There are made suitable recesses for each rod so as to keep them equal
distances. When the candles are dipped the candle frame is moved
on to another frame of suspended tramways, which move vertically and
so allow the candle frame to lower and bring up another candle frame
ready to be moved on to the dipping frame. There are two suspended
tramways, one moving up whilst the opposite one is moving down, and
50 arranged that when one candle frame is being moved on to the
dipping frame another candle frame is moved on to the other suspended
tramway. The suspended tramways are hung on links passing over
toothed pullics to keep them exactly in a proper position.
The
tram rails are grooved for the flanges of candle frame wheels as a
safeguard.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 25
filed by the said Joseph Watson, Charles Watson, and Georgo
Watson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th September
1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
WATSON, CHARLES WATSON, and GEORGE WATSON, of the Firm of 30
Joseph Watson and Sons, Tallow Chandlers and Candle Makers, of
Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty- 35

page_text: third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Joseph Watson, Charles Watson, and George
Watson, er special licence that we, the said Joseph Watson, Charles
Watson, and George Watson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Joseph Watson, Charles Watson, and
George Watson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING DIP CANDLES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Watson,
Charles Watson, and George Watson, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or their, or one
of their hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the samo to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters l'atent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Watson, on behalf of
myself and the said Joseph Watson and George Watson, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
making dip candles, by the aid of which a large quantity can be easily
made and a great saving of manual labour effected.
Frames for the candle rods can be made of any convenient size;
from 100 to 200 rods of candles can be dipped by one man at one time.
The dipping frame is worked in slides conveniently fixed outside the
mould and is suspended by chains working in two or more sheave
pullies which are on a shaft actuated by a worm wheel and worm
or other suitable toothed wheels so as to give a steady motion in
lowering or raising the candles from the mould, or in place of the
worm wheel and worm or other suitable toothed wheels we lower or
raise the candle frame from the mould by a small hydraulic or steam
cylinder, by a chain fixed to piston rod and passed over a sheave
pulley, or by attaching a connecting rod from piston to a suitable

page_text: lever on shaft carrying the sheave pullies. The candle rods for the
wicks are placed in the frames from the top side. There are made
suitable recesses for each rod so as to keep them equal distances.
When the candles are dipped the candle frame is moved on to another
frame of suspended tramways which move vertically and so allow
the candle frame to lower and bring up another candle frame ready
to be moved on to the dipping frame, There are two suspended
tramways, one moving up whilst the opposite one is moving down,
and so arranged that when one candle frame is being moved on to
the dipping frame another candle frame is moved on to the other
suspended tramway. The suspended tramways aro hung on links
passing over toothed pullies to keep them exactly in a proper position.
The tram rails are grooved for the flanges of candle frame wheels as a
safeguard.
In order that the Invention may be fully described and ascertained, we
proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings represents an end view of the machine; Fig. 2
a side view of the same.
a, a, represent the moveable frames containing the candle rods which
are set on four tram wheels b, b, two at each end of tho frames, having
flanges running in the groove of tramways c, c, which are suspended
to the chains d, d, the chains passing over toothed pullies e, e, and
under guide pullies at the bottom f,, which run loose on the shaft g, g;
the chains are then tightened by the screws h, h. By moving the handle i
which actuates the bevil wheels and shafts j, j, and the worms and
shafts k, k, one set of worms being of right-hand and the other of left-
hand motion, causes one set of the suspended tramways and the
frames on them to ascend and at the same time the other set of
suspended tramways and the frames on them to descend; either sct
can be made to ascend or descend by reversing the movement of the
handle .,, are the right and left-hand worm wheels fixed on the
shafts carrying the toothed pullies e, c. As the frames ascend they
come up to the under side of the pitched chain m to the catches n, n,
which are placed at regular intervals to come in immediate contact
with one side of the frames a, a, ready for removing over the dipping
mould o on to the dipping frame p, p, which are lowered into the
dipping mould and raised by means of chains passing over the sheave
pullies 2, 7, which are fixed on the shaft r which is actuated by a

page_text: worm and worm wheels, which is driven by the handle and bevil
wheel, thereby giving a very steady motion which is required for
dipping. The dipping mould is fixed to the upper part of the machine,
thus keeping the heat which arises from the great bulk of melted
tallow in the mould at the top of the room, from where it can be
liberated by means of ventilators, thereby keeping the atmosphere
about the lower part of the machine where the candles are hung much
cooler than hitherto when the mould has been set on the floor of the
room in which the machine has been fixed. The dipping motion may
be obtained as equally steady by a small hydraulic or steam cylinder u,
by a piston rod attached to the end of the chain passing over one of
the sheave pullics q in place of the balance weight v, or by attaching
a connecting rod from piston to a suitable lever on the shaft r, and so
dispense with the worm and worm wheels and the handle and bevil
wheels t. When the candles are nearly finished dipping the suspended
hangers w, w, connected to the weigh beam a are lowered into the
shackles y, y, and then the dipping frames p, p, are lowered from the
frames a, a, so that the workman can weigh the candles and bring
them exactly to the size required. After a frame of candles has been
dipped it is raised by the dipping frames p, p, to the required height to
be moved on to the suspended tramways c, c, by the catches n, n, on
the pitched chain m, and at the same time the bottom frame is
removed on to the other suspended tramways by the catches on the
top sido of the pitched chain a' by means of the handle 6', which
turns a pitched pulley that actuates the chain c¹, passing over guide
pullies to the pitched pulley on shaft c', on the end of which
is fixed a pair of ratchet couplings f¹. By means of the ratchet
couplings the motion of the handle b' when reversed will work the
pitched chain m so that a frame can be taken from the far set of
suspended tramways over to the mould, and when the handle is
again reversed the ratchet couplings work the pitched chain g', which
actuates the lower pitched chain a', thus causing the lower frame
to move to the other suspended tramways at the same time as the
pitched chain on the upper part of the machine will bring the
frame a, a, from the dipping frame p on to the suspended tramways
next to the mould. The handle i is then turned and actuates shafts c, c,
which cause the set of frames which were last dipped to descend
and the other set to ascend, and each frame will be pulled over the
mould and dipped alternately in the way described until the whole

page_text: =
of the candles on the machine shall be completed. By reversing the
form of the ratchet couplings the frame a, a, can be moved on to the
dipping frame while the frame is moved at the same time on to the
other suspended tramways. The machine can be emptied and reloaded
with wicks at cither side to suit the convenience of the room it is
fixed in without retarding the progress of the workman who can remain
constantly dipping at the mould, thus obviating the delay hitherto
occasioned by the workman not being able to continue dipping during
the process of emptying the forms and reloading them with wicks.
A, A, are foundation stones requisite to keep the chains d, d, in a rigid
state, but which may be dispensed with when the machine is fixed in
an upper room. A', A', are foundation stones for supporting the upright
pillars.
Having thus described the nature of our said improvements in
machinery for making dip candles we do not confine ourselves to the
precise details shewn and described, as the worms and worm wheels may
be dispensed with and the ordinary toothed wheels substituted; also the
pitched chains may be substituted by ordinary wheels and shafts; but
we do claim the several systems of appliances as shown in the Drawing
and explained in the Specification as a new and improved method of
making dip candles.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Watson, on behalf of myself
and the said Joseph Watson and George Watson, have hereunto
set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.