Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 10th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 8th Feb., 1889
other Purposes.
We CHARLES WELCH and CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH both of High Road
Tottenham in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates chiefly to the construction of oil or spirit Lamps where the
greater portion of the light is required downwards, suitable for the roofs of railway
carriages, or for the ceilings of apartments, and other purposes whether in or out of
doors.
Our chief objects are the automatic control of the oil or spirit to the burners by
which the reservoir may be placed level or more or less above the burners without
the danger of overflowing. This we may accomplish by a regulator constructed in
such a manner that the heat given off from the flame or lamp may cause it to actuate
automatically rods, levers or other mechanism connecting with valves, cocks, slides
or other suitable devices for controlling the oil or spirit by the expansion or contraction
of the metal or combination of metals of which the regulator may be composed, for
instance we may take compound bands or rods of (preferably) brass and steel although
it is obvious that other materials may be used to answer the purpose, these may be
brazed, rivited, or otherwise fastened together and may be used straight or bent in
the form of bows, any number of which may be connected together, or they may take
the form of a scroll, gridiron, or spiral. similar to Breguet's metalic thermometer, or
any other suitable shape, or we may employ a cylinder of mercury or other suitable
device acted on by the heat of the flame or lamp forming an automatic regulator for
controlling the oil or spirit.
We may for illustration describe our invention as used in the construction of
railway carriage roof lamps to burn (preferably) petroleum :-We form in a suitable
brass rim a casing to pass through the carriage roof, on the lower end of this is fitted

page_text: a bowl shaped glass, this forms the lower case, hinging or otherwise fastening on this
is the upper case, through openings in which air may come to feed the flame and again
pass through an outlet at the top as these are exposed to strong currents of air
meeting the train it is necessary to guard and baffle the air passing through the said
inlets or outlets in order to get a steady flame and prevent blowing out, we may do
this in the usual way, or we may vary the arrangements to more efficiently control
the action of our lamps, for instance we may automatically regulate the size of the
openings or air passages by arranging secondary perforations or valves connecting in
any suitable manner to a spindle on which is fixed a lever or piece of flat metal having
a small weight or spring attached thereto, this when the train or lamp is a rest will
assume such a position as to allow plenty of air through the openings to the burners,
but when in motion the lever with the weight or spring moves more or less from
its former position according to the speed of the train and thus automatically
diminishes the draught.
Inside the lower case may be placed the oil or spirit reservoir which may be
annular, or in the form of the letter C, one or more flues may be formed for keeping
the oil or spirit cool around which air may pass coming from inside the carriago
through suitable perforations in the lower case forming a ventilator to the carriage
and out again through suitable openings above.
Inside this reservoir may be fitted a metal tube through an opening made in the
top, this tube has holes round the bottom and is filled with a suitable absorbant
material such as asbestos, cotton wool or the like, a spring may keep it in position,
over this is fitted an absorbant cloth or covering held in position by a second tube
which may be slid or screwed on. When the reservoir is filled which may be done
through a suitable screw or valve having a funnel and strainer, the oil soaks the
absorbant material in the tube and causes the covering or top forming a pad to
become saturated with a limited supply of oil or spirit, over this may be placed a
hank of cotton which may be enclosed in a suitable casing, a portion of this cotton
may pass to the burner through a suitable tube or wick case, the upper end of which
is jointed or constructed in any other suitable way by which the cotton may be
brought in or out of contact with the saturated pad; this we accomplish by connection
with the automatic regulator and its mechanism as before mentioned, which we may
fix in any convenient position in the lamp, the lower portion of the tube or wick
case may be fixed to a saucer shaped reflector made preferably of white enamelled
iron and placed in a rim making a sound joint about the level of the glass top, in
the middle of this reflector is a round, slotted, oval, oblong or elliptic hole over
which is placed the chimney, this may be provided with a hinged or sliding door
through which a taper or other light may be inserted for the purpose of lighting,
the C shaped reservoir is for allowing room for the hand when using this door.
The tube or wick case through the reflector may be curved to carry the burner or it
may be jointed at right angles, these tubes may if necessary have a small chamber
at any convenient part for the reception of any little overflow should any occur.
The burners formed on the end of the down tube may be of various kinds, those
worked with a winder may havo round or flat cottons; for a railway lamp we prefer
the flat as the simplest form, these may be aired through a metal cone, but as this
casts much shadow, we may in some cases dispense with the cone and insert in one of
the before mentioned openings in the reflector a short glass preferably oval, this
being narrow may form the shape of the flame, or we may use a cone of glass instead.
The air may be taken from the upper part of the case where it warms and may be
brought through suitable openings around the saucer shaped reflector or its rim, this
with the glass may have the effect of impinging the air on the flame.
We may of
course air a round flame in a similar manner and also through the centre.
In order to wind the wicks whether round or flat we may employ a second tube
placed in an opposite position to the wick tube or we may combine it with the wick
tube instead, we prefer a round tube through which we may bring a chain formed of
a series of ball or other shaped peices universally jointed together, or we may use a
steel spiral, either of these may be connected at the top to a milled knob and at the

page_text: bottom to a toothed wheel or roller in contact with the cottons, a hole may be made
in the lower case through which a key may be passed from inside the carriage and
connecting with the winder in any suitable way; in some cases where the wick tube
is jointed at right angles it may be convenient to use suitable toothed gearing, or we
may suitably connect a winder with an automatic regulator as a method of controlling
the flame.
When the lamp is lit the heat will expand or contract the regulator which through
the mechanism actuates the upper portion of the wick case or other device, thus
bringing the cotton in contact with the saturated pad and causing the oil or spirit to
flow through the wick, should however the flame or heat increase beyond a given
point, the regulator will expand or contract still further and automatically shut off
the oil or spirit, or disconnect the cotton from the saturated pad, but as soon as the
oil or spirit has to some extent expended itself contact will again be resumed.
Should the light be extinguished or accidently blown out the regulator would cool
and thus disconnect the cotton from the saturated pad or reservoir in other words
would shut the oil or spirit off from the burners, it will thus be seen that no overflow
can take place into the glass, but sufficient remains absorbed to again start the lamp.
Other methods of constructing the interior of these lamps consists in making the
reservoir with a tube or chamber passing from the bottom through the reflector to
near the bottom of the glass and inserting in any part a cock, valve, or other suitable
appliance and connect the automatic regulator thereto, should we place the valve,
cock, or other appliance at the top, the tube may be filled with an absorbant material
such as asbestos, cotton wool, porous clay, or the like which may connect with a cotton
worked with a winder, or may connect with a tube, chamber, or disc, which may be
filled with a suitable absorbant material over or between which may be placed a
peice of asbestos or other suitable cloth, this inay be kept in position by a secondary
tube, cap, or disc either slid or screwed on; burners of this description would require
no winder. In order to air these we may form an air passage or a series of air passages
through the centre, or we may air it insido from a perforation or series of perforations
formed in the centre of the reflector and air the outside from a perforation around
the edge, or through a perforation inserted in the bottom of the glass, in these cases
we may make the chimney openings annular and bring the air for feeding the light
through openings in the chimney above.
To form a flat flame with a burner of this description we may construct a slotted
or other cone and air it through openings in the sides or from beneath.
In some cases we may bring a flat wick down a tube the oil to which may be
supplied by any of the methods described herein and project it horizontally into the
centre of the glass, over this may be fitted a cone connected with a tube which may
be separate or over the wick tube through which air may come from the upper casing
to feed the flame; or another way is to direct the air in the glass through the cone
without a second tube this cone may be made of glass in some cases.
We
e may also govern lamps made on the fountain principle by our improvements,
instead of the down tube from the airtight reservoir being open we may fill it with
an absorbant material to prevent the jerk of the train to some extent allowing too
much oil to pass at one time, we may also fit a valve or cock in the tube or reservoir
and actuate it automatically by our method of regulation by which no oil or spirit
may be discharged into the glass.
We may place the reservoirs of railway lamps in some cases outside the casing, or
in others part in and part out as found most convenient, we may also place the
reservoir at a distance and bring the supply to the burner through a suitable tube.
Other lamps may also be made on the above principles for lighting outdoor places
details of which must vary accordingly.
In constructing lamps for the ceilings of apartments and other like positions for
either private or public buildings, ships, &c., we may of course use the improvements
as described in application to railway lamps, although the details may vary somewhat,
having more space the reservoirs may be made of annular form but considerably larger,

page_text: and connected with the lamp by steel rods or other suitable material which may more
fully prevent the heat passing to the reservoir, we may also fit them with large
reflectors outside the glass made of opal or other suitable material; the airing also
in these lamps may be different we prefer to heat the air more before impinging it on
the flames, to do this we may form a large chamber fitted with a series of perforations,
we may also use a number of burners in some cases.
It is obvious that several of these improvements may be adapted. to the construction
of table, bracket, and other lamps, the reservoirs of which may be placed above or
below the burners, or at any desirable distance therefrom.
Dated this Oth day of New
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Oil or Spirit Lamps for Railway Carriages and
other Purposes.
We CHARLES WELOH and CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH both of High Road
Tottenham in the County of Middlesex Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bo particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
Our invention relates chiefly to the construction of oil or spirit lamps where the
greater portion of the light is required downwards suitable for the roofs of Railway
Carriages, or for the ceilings of apartments and other purposes whether in or out of
doors.
Our chief objects are the automatic control of the oil or spirit to the burners by
which the reservoir may be placed level or more or less above the burners or in any
other convenient position without the danger of overflowing. This we accomplish
in some cases by a regulator constructed in such a manner that the heat given off
from the flame or flames causes it to move automatically rods, levers or other mechanism
connecting with, and actuating a hinged or pivoted wick tube, holder, or cotton box
constructed to move in and out of contact with a tube or case filled with an absorbent
material forming a pad inserted in the reservoir, or valves, cocks, slides or other
devices for controlling and regulating the supply of oil or spirit; the movement being
obtained through the expansion or contraction of the metal or combination of metals
of which the regulator is composed.
For instance we take compound bands or rods of (preferably) brass and steel
(although it is obvious that other materials will answer the purpose) these may be
brazed rivited or otherwise united together and may be used straight or bent in the
form of bows any number of which may be connected together or they may take the
form of a scroll, gridiron, or spiral similar to Breguets metallic thermometer or any
other form, or we employ other suitable devices acted on by the heat given off from
the flame or flames forming an automatic regulator controlling the oil or spirit.
We will first describe by the aid of the accompanying drawings our invention as
applied to the construction of Railway Carriage roof lamps to burn in most
instances petroleum.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a railway carriage roof lamp.
Fig. 2 is a plan of same, the whole of the hinged top being removed to more clearly
show the internal construction, in Figs. 1 and 2 A is a metal rim made to fit over a
secondary rim fixed round the hole in the carriage top as usual, B is the outer lower
casing, C is the bowl shaped glass, D is the oil or spirit reservoir which is fixed
outside the rim A, and below the top of the casing B, E is the top forming an entire
covering to the lanp which is hinged on the reservoir at the point a, shutting along
the line F, and is fastened by the catch b, G is an inner or secondary casing fixed to
the outer case B, between these air may pass from inside the carriago through the
perforations c passing upward through perforations c¹ and out between the reservoir D

page_text: and rim A through the passages d as indicated by the arrows, thus ventilating the
carriage and helping to cool the reservoir.
His a metal tube fitted in the reservoir passing to the bottom round which holes
are made, this tube is filled with absorbent material such as asbestos, cotton wool, or
the like, over this may be fitted an absorbent cloth or covering (see Fig. 3) held
in position by a second tube or metal cap which may be slid or screwed on, a spring
may also keep the material in position, H' is a short tube soldered on to the top
of the reservoir round the tube or pad H to catch any, overflow of oil or spirit when
the pad is pressed, holes are shown made in tubo H through which the oil drains into
the absorbent material again.
I is a screw for filling the reservoir in the form of a tube which answers also
as a vent, this tube may be filled with a porous material to prevent slopping over &c.
as shown, or may be left open.
J is a funnel for the oil."
When the reservoir is filled the oil or spirit soaks the absorbent material in the
tube H. which causes the top or covering to become saturated with a limited supply of
oil or spirit forming a saturated pad.
K is a metal dish made to fit loosely but soundly in a rim provided in the lower
casing about the level of the glass top.
L is a reflector preferably made of enamelled Iron fixed to the metal dish K by the
screws shown.
M is the chimney, e a hinged door in same to allow of cleaning and lighting.
N is the automatic regulator which is fixed to the metal dish K by the screw f, this
consists of brass and steel united together, the black portion is the steel, the white
portion the brass, these being of unequal expansion and contraction causes the upper
portion to have a movement of about 8 of an inch when acted on by the heat given
off by the flame.
O is a long box or casing fixed to the dish K made to slido in the lower case at
the points kk.
P is a round box or chamber hinged or pivoted to the inner casing O at the point 7,
this box is fitted with a lid m, hinged and fastened with a suitable catch, into this is
put a hank of cotton or wick sufficient to last say six months this is carried from the
box through the flat tube n which is made with an opening n exposing a portion of
the wick to the saturated pad immediately under it; fixed to the regulator N at the
top is the arm perforated to diminish the heat, pivoted to this is the rod R which
may in some cases be adjustable.
S. are a pair of links pivoted in the centre to the fixed arm T, also to the
rod R.
.
U is a rod pivoted to the links at the top, and to the wick hox Pat the bottom.
V is the wick tube made D shaped and fixed to the metal dish K, down this is
continued the wick from the box P' passing through the tube in a semicircular or
folded form as shown in section in Fig. 4 until near the end when the tube is so shaped
that it is projected from the burner V in a flat form (see also Fig. 5) r is a continuous
chain formed of a series of suitably shaped pieces jointed together, the links or portions
of the links being toothed to grip the cotton, s is a chain wheel over which the cliain
passes down in contact with the cotton the whole way until it reaches the point t
where it may pass over a roller but as we find in practice this is not necessary we
may dispense with this roller in some cases, and carry the chain in and over a grooved
race as shown at u in Figs. 1 and 4.
W is a tube fixed in the case O, W¹ is a milled knob fixed to a spindle working in
the tube W on the lower portion of which is fixed a worm gearing with a toothed
wheel (partly shown in dotted lines) attached to the spindle carrying the chain
wheel 8,
the wick or cotton may be also raised or lowered by inserting a key into a
tubular aperture in the lower part of the casing as shown at B.
X is a short glass inserted in an opening in the centre of the metal dish K, and
reflector L, this opening with the glass may be round, oval, oblong, or elliptical
we prefer it oval, this is tapered somewhat towards the bottom and is so cut at the

page_text: sides that the majority of the air is drawn by the chimney through the openings in
the glass at a impinging on the flame causing it to spread and burn with perfect
combustion.
The air is drawn under the edge of the top covering E at a' passes over the
reservoir D through the perforations E' down and through the perforations round the
inetal dish K¹ into the glass bowl C, from there it is drawn by the chimney through
the before mentioned openings cut in the glass X as indicated by the arrows, Fig. 5
will show more clearly how the glass X is cut and the manner of forming the flame,
it will be easily seen that the air naturally takes the shortest way to the chimney, thus
the greater portion passes through the openings causing the flame to spread as
with a metal cone, this glass or cone can be taken in and out through the door e in
the chimney for the purpose of cleaning, the air after leaving the chimney passes out
through openings in the top E, which openings are shown baffled against the strong
currents of air meeting the train.
E shows a guard to the openings so made that the air current is split and thus
prevented from driving against the outlets, when the lamp is lit which can be done
through the door e or down the chimney the heat given off from the flame will
expand the regulator causing it to move to the left this actuates the rod R moving the
links S and rod U thus the wick or.cotton box P is made to move downward which
brings the exposed portion of the cotton shown at n¹ in contact with the saturated
pad Hand causes the oil or spirit to flow through the wick by capillary attraction,
should hower the flame or heat increase, the regulater will still further expand moving
the lover mechanism in such a manner that the action on the wick box is reversed
causing it to rise to some extent from the saturated pad, thus diminishing the supply,
should however the heat reach a dangerous or determined point, the regulator through
the mechanism disconnects the cotton or wick from the saturated pad, but as soon as
the oil or spirit has to some extent expended itself and the heat diminished the
regulator contracts causing contact to be resumed.
Should the light be extinguished or accidently blown out the regulator would cool
and contract and thus automatically disconnect the cotton from the saturated pad, in
other words the oil or spirit would be shut off from the burner or burners, it will
thus be seen that no overflow can take place into the glass bowl C but sufficient
remains absorbed in the wick or cotton, or stored in the lower part of the wick case
to again start the lamp.
In some cases where the wick tube is small at the bottom it is necessary to fit a
small reservoir or chamber on the same as shown at V2 in Figs. 1 and 5 when this is
done small holes are made in the lower part of the wick tube to allow of the chamber
receiving the oil or spirit drained from the cotton when the lamp is cooling.
The metal dish K, the chimney M, with the regulator N, inner case O, cotton box P
and the wick tube V with the various small parts attached can be withdrawn together
from the lower case for the purpose of cleaning, trimming &c.
Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of an oil or spirit lamp the action of which is
similar to Figs. 1 and 2 but the detail of which varies somewhat-A is the metal
rim fitting the carriage top, B is the outer casing, C is the bowl shaped glass, Dis
the annular reservoir fixed outside the metal rim A below the top of the casing B,
E is the top made to entirely cover the lamp but so shaped as to fit closely over the
various internal parts, perforations forming the air inlets and outlets are also shown
provided, guarded and baffled against the strong currents of air meeting the train,
this top is hinged at the point a, shuts on the lower case at the line F, and is fastened
with the catch b.
G is an inner casing fixed to the metal dish K and not to the lower case B as in the
first described lamp, between this and the outer casing B, air passes from inside the
carriage through the perforations c over the reservoir c¹ and out under the top E
through the aperture d thus ventilating the carriage and helping to keep the
reservoir cool.
H is the saturated pad H' the chamber for receiving any overflow; a screw and
vent is used as in fig. 1 but is not here shown.

page_text: Kis the metal dish attached to the inner case G. K are perforations for feeding
the flame with air, K2 are additional perforations for airing the flame, and are so
arranged that the majority of the air may pass in at the two points shown in a direct
line with the openings in the glass X. L is the reflector fixed to the dish K by small
screws.
M is the chimney made in two parts one half of which is made a fixture to the
dish K, the other half e is made to slide, and can be drawn up by the finger pieco e¹
for the purpose of cleaning, lighting or removing the glass X.
N is the automatic regulator which is here shown made double or in the form of a bow
the ends of which are loosely hinged or jointed together the lower end is secured to
the metal dish by the fixed hinge f, f¹ is a metal clip which holds the middle of one
half of the regulator to the chimney the black lines g show the steel h h the brass of
which the regulator is composed.
O is a box, partition or chamber forming part of the inner case, P is the wick or
cotton box pivoted to the inner case O at in which is placed a hank of cotton, m is
the hinged lid of the box, n a flat tube forming part of the box P, n' is an aperture to
allow of the cotton coming into contact with the pad, Q is the arm attached to the
regulator N, R is a jointed rod connecting it with the links S pivoted to the lug T
which is fixed to the inner case O. U is a rod connecting the links with the cotton
box P, the action of this is the same as in Figs. 1 and 2 although arranged differently,
V is the wick tube made round or D shaped, down this the cotton continues
but in a semicircular form from the wick box and is projected at the burner V₁
in a flat form as described with reference to the first sheet of drawings.
Instead of winding the cotton with a chain we here use toothed gearing, is a
train of toothed wheels each working one in the other these are mounted on studs or
pins between two plates of metal which is fixed in the wick tube V the toothed
wheels are so arranged that every alternate wheel is in contact with the cotton the
intermediate wheels escaping.
W is a tube or sleeve fixed in the inner casing O through which passes the spindle
attached to the milled knob W on the lower end of this is fixed a worm gearing with
the toothed wheel s which imparts motion to the train of wheels thus the cotton can
be raised or lowered at will by turning the knob W₁ or by a key passing through
the aperture B¹, fitting inside the worm as shown.
?'
X is the glass inserted through a suitable opening in the bottom of the chimney
which is made with the air passages a¹ as already described (see Fig. 5,) the air
passes in at the baffled inlets shown at E¹ passes down through the perforations in
or around the reflector and is impinged on the flame from which it passes up through
the chimney and out through the baffled top E' as indicated by the arrows, the results
in this lamp when lighted or extinguished are exactly the same as in Fig. 1.
In order to more efficiently ventilate and control the action of our lamps we may
automatically regulate the size of the openings or air passages forming the inlets or
outlets by the motion of the train :-Fig. 7 shows the top of a railway lamp made
according to our invention which can be applied to either of the lamps herein
shown or to any other lamp, E is the upper portion of the lamp casing, E2 is a metal
plate or cap, E is the inner cone, F₁ is a guard against the air currents attached to
the cone by the stays G1 G2, the cap E is connected to the guard F by three or
more links H2 H3 (two of which are shown) these links are so made as to form
universal joints each end, in the middle of the plate or cap is fixed the eye J on which
is universally jointed the rod or spindle M passing loosely through a hole O' in the
guard F, on the end of the rod M is suspended the ball shaped weight P1, D₁ is an
arrow showing the direction the train is supposed to bo travelling, when the lamp or
train is at rest the links H2 H3 and the rod M with the suspended weight P¹ are
in a vertical position thus the aperturo Q¹ is wide, allowing the hot air to escape
freely, but when the train is in motion the rod or lever with the weight moves more
or less from its vertical position according to the speed of the train causing the links
to move parallel with it, this causes the plate or cap to automatically close the
aperture Q¹ as indicated by the dotted lines thus diminishing the draught, this top

page_text: is so arranged that the action is the same whichever way the lamp is put into the
carriage.
A modification of this can be made by attaching a flat piece of metal to a rod or
lever fitted with a suitable spring and placed in such a position that the air meeting
the train may act upon it causing the apertures forming the inlets or outlets to close.
Another method of opening or closing the inlets or outlets is by attaching the
mechanism shewn or a similar device to the automatic or expanding regulator whereby
the heat from the flame may itself be the means of giving the necessary vent; it is
obvious that these principles can be varied in their application without departing from
our invention.
Fig.
shows a railway carriage roof lamp constructed with an argand burner
(preferably) to burn petroleum, A is the metal rim B is the outer case, C is the
bowl shaped glass, D is an annular reservoir placed outside the lower casing B, but is
fixed by a number of arms D to the inner casing G in order that it may be removed
with the inner portion of the lamp for cleaning and trimming (those before shown
being fixed to the lower and outer case).
His a saturated pad constructed with a groove as shown in Fig. 9, H¹ is the over-
flow tube, K is the metal dish fixed to the movable casing G, L is the reflector, M is the
chimney showing the door e, N is the regulator which consists of a series of small
compound bows constructed as already described, O is a box or covering forming a
portion of the inner case, I is a short tube or box having a screw cap m this is
pivotel at to the fube V which is carried down and jointed to the wick tube or
burner V, the tube or pivoted box P and the tube V is filled with an absorbent
material such as a thick round cotton the aperture n' allows this cotton to be put in
contact with the saturated pad H. R is a rod connecting the regulator N to the
links S pivoted to the lug T.
•
U is a rod connecting these links to the tube or box P, V is the wick tube or burner
which is round (or of argand form) this may be a burner worked with a winder or it
may be fitted with an indestructable wick such as asbestos as shown in the drawing
which may or may not be in contact with the round cotton r, at the point t, X is a
plain cylindrical glass inserted through a round hole in the dish and reflector, the air
for feeding the outside of the flame being drawn by the chimney down through the
perforations K and under the glass at as indicated by the arrows; the air for
feeding the inside of the flame is drawn by the chimney down the tube Y into the
centre of the burner V₁ and is spread by the deflector Z as indicated by the arrows;
In starting the lamp the tubes are first charged with oil, this oil being used to
expand the automatic regulator the movement of which causes the exposed part n¹
of the absorbent material to come into contact with the saturated pad from which
the oil or spirit is carried by capillary attraction down to the wick in the burner
or burners.
The action of the regulator and mechanism is the same as already described.
We may also improve lamps made on the well known fountain principle by the
application of our invention;-Fig. 10 shows a sectional elevation of a railway
carriage roof lamp of this description fitted with our improvements, to burn pre-
ferably colza oil, although it is obvious that other oils or spirits may be used with
slight modification of the various parts, A is the metal rim fitting the carriage top,
B the outer case, C the glass bowl attached thereto D is the hermetically sealed
reservoir which may be annular, or in the form of the letter C the oil into which
may be passed through the funnel J fitted with the screw I forming a sound plug.
E is the top or cover provided with suitable baffled inlets and outlets, this is hinged
to the lower case at a shutting on the line F and fastened with the catch b, Gis
the inner case attached to the metal dish K the whole dropping on to a rim about
the level of the glass top, I is the reflector of enamelled Iron, M is the chimney
fitting loosely into a rim shown in the metal dish.
N is the expanding regulator fixed to the chimney at f.
O' is the down tube from the reservoir in which is inserted the cock P¹ preferably
having a long slotted internal aperture.

page_text: R is a rod which may be adjustable connecting the regulator N to the lever S
attached to the plug of the cock P¹, the down tube O¹ is provided as usual with an
aperture for feeding the oil, outside this down tube is a secondary tube or
case attached to the metal dish K, this tube. forms a chamber for the oil round
the aperture and passes to the burner V1 which is shown with an ordinary
wick, X is the short glass for shaping and airing the flame, the air for feeding the
flame is drawn from the upper casing through perforations in the reflector as shown
in Fig. 6 impinging on the flame through the openings in the glass and up
through the chimney as indicated by the arrows, The reservoir D may be fixed
to the chimney by one or more stays and may with the down tube O¹ he
drawn out from the inner casing G and the outer tube V thus allowing the parts
to be cleaned and the removal of the glass ✗, the whole howover may be takon
together from the lower case by lifting the inner case G.
The action of the lamp is as follows:-A small quantity of oil is first put, or left in
the lower tube V the wick is lighted which expands the regulator N, which through
the mechanism shown turns on the cock P₁ thus feeding the wick with a regulated
supply of oil, should the lamp he extinguished or accidentally blown out the regulator
will contract and shut off the cock, it is obvious that a valve or similar device may be
made to answer the same purpose, and he worked with a regulator in a like manner.
In constructing lamps for the ceilings of apartments and other like positions for
either private or public buildings, ships &c., we may of course use the improvements
as described in application to railway lamps although the details vary somewhat,
having more space the reservoirs may be made of annular or other suitable form but
larger and connected with the middle of the lamp by steel or other suitable rods or
stays to prevent as far as possible the heat passing to the reservoir, we may also fit
them with large opal or enamelled iron reflectors, the airing also may be different we
prefer to heat the air more before impinging it on the flame or flames to do this we
form a large chamber fitted with a series of perforations we may also use a number of
burners in some cases.
Fig. 11 shows a sectional elevation of a hanging lamp constructed as above described
preferably to burn petroleum.
A is a brass rim hinged to the metal top K and fastened with the catch &C is the
glass bowl supported by the hinged rim A D is the oil or spirit reservoir of annular
form EE are two of three chains on which the lamp is suspended H is the saturated
pad H is the overflow tube I is the vent and feed screw, J the funnel for filling, L is
the large reflector placed outside the bowl, G shows one of the steel stays supporting
the lamp from the reservoir, M is the chimney N is the regulator connected to the
chimney at R is an adjustable rod pivoted to the middle of the regulator and cou-
necting direct with the cotton box P, S, S, are the adjusting nuts, the box P is here
shown fitted with the studs 1, 1 on which the box is pivoted these work in the radial
slots k, cut in a metal plate fastened to the reservoir one on each side of the box;
T' is a spiral spring to keep the box P in its place n' shows the aperture where the
cotton connects with the saturated pad.
V is the wick case, V₁ the burner.
W the winder, W the milled knob.
X is the glass held in a rim hinged at a¹ and fastened with a catch b¹ this glass is
made with the openings a¹ but is depressed at the sides.
The air for feeding the flame is drawn by the chimney through a series of perfora-
tions in the chamber O where it is heated before passing through the perforations K'
and the glass X to the chimney as indicated by the arrows; the action of this lamp is
the same as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
A lamp with a round or argand burner may be constructed in a similar manner.
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation of an outdoor Lamp which may be suspended, or
fitted on a column, C is the glass body.
D an annular reservoir.
Ea hinged top covering, protecting the lamp from the weather.
H is the saturated pad.

page_text: K a metal top or reflector.
Lan outside reflector, M. chimney, N regulator, P cotton box or tube, R connecting
rod, V down tube, V' may be a round burner worked with a winder and cotton wick,
or an indestructable wick as shown, X is a glass bowl with a round aperture at the
bottom, so formed that the air is drawn by the chimney from the perforations
above under the edge as indicated by arrows thus airing the outside of the flame, the
inside of the flame is aired from the perforation Y passing up the centre of the burner
and is impinged on the flame by the deflector Z, the regulator through the mechanism
simply puts the cottton in and out of contact with the saturated pad, the action not
being double as shown in former drawings.
Fig. 13 shows a round lamp for a similar purpose to Fig. 12, but is shown
constructed without an automatic regulator, the cotton being put in and out of contact
by hand when lighting or extinguishing the lamp, C is the glass body, D the
reservoir, H the saturated pad, M the chimney. P is the box containing a bank of
cotton pivoted at 1, T1 is a spring for holding the cotton from contact with the
pad H when the light is extinguished, P is a lever having a catch attached to the
pivoted cotton box by which the wick or cotton may be placed and held in contact
with the saturated pad when the lamp is lighted, thus the automatic regulator may be
dispensed with the size of the pad being regulated to supply the right quantity of oil
to the burner or burners, this method is only practicable where the oil keeps at a
low temperature, V is the wick case, V' is the burner. W is the winder, X is the
glass forming the flame which is here shown made round and fitting in a rim binging
and fastening on the chimney the bottom portion is depressed towards the flame
and the openings are made for shaping the flame as before described, the arrows
indicate the direction of the air currents.
Fig. 14 shows a method of disconnecting or regulating the cotton with the
saturated pad, P is the box containing the cotton, H. is the pad. P is a slide fitting
the flat tube Ps so made that it can be slid completely over the saturated pad thus
disconnecting it from the cotton, in some cases we may attach mechanism connecting
with a regulator for moving the same automatically by the heat of the flame.
Fig. 15 shows a method of forming a broad flat flame from a solid round wick or
cotton according to our invention, also the means of winding the same, K is a portion
of the metal dish or top. V is the wick case enlarged at the upper end fixed in the
top K, down this the wick or cotton is brought from the reservoir and is projected
at the burner V1, r is a toothed wheel in contact with the cotton, W is the spindle
leading from a milled knob on the lower end of which is fixed the worm in gear with
the wheel revolving on a central pin, this forms the winder, X is the glass inserted
through a hole under the chimney, are the openings cut in the lower portion of
the glass as before described but are here cut much narrower, in all cases the form of
the flame depends on the shape of these openings.
Fig. 16 shows a round bowl shaped glass in which is formed a cone similar to the
common metal cone for the purpose of shaping the flame.
In some cases it may be convenient to make a chimney of glass instead of metal
formed at the bottom similar to the short glasses herein described.
Fig. 17 is a sectional elevation of a wall lamp constructed with the reservoir below
the burner or burners, preferably to burn petroleum, although it is obvious that other
oils may be used, Fig. 18 is a plan of the reservoir, wick case, &c. as detached from
the lamp for the purpose of trimming, C is the glass body fitted with a suitable door,
D is the reservoir placed below the burner in which is inserted the pad H, I is the
vent and feed screw, E is the top outlet, L is the reflector to which is attached the
chimney M, P is the pivoted wick or cotton box containing a hank of cotton which is
in perpetual contact with the saturated pad H, V is the wick case formed similar to
those before described, V₁ is the burner, W is the winder, X is a
glass forming the
fame as already described, the arrows indicate the course of the air, the detachable
portion Fig. 18 is slid into an inner casing in the lamp along the slides k. k.

page_text: In all cases the glasses forming the flames may be dispensed with and metal cones
used in the ordinary way.
It is obvious that a round flame may be used where a flat one is shown and
vice versa.
It is also obvious that the improvements herein described may be adapted to the
construction of other lamps not herein mentioned, the reservoirs of which may be
placed above or below the burners or at any desirable distance therefrom.
We may in some cases make the described wick boxes a fixture and fit the regulating
mechanism to the tube forming the saturated pad, thus making that the moveable
portion, we may also fit springs to the pivoted wick boxes in some cases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is,
1st. In an oil or spirit lamp automatically controlling the supply of oil or spirit
to the burners by the heat given off from the flame or flames substantially as herein
described.
2nd. Inserting in any suitable portion of an oil or spirit lamp exposed to the heat
given off from the flame or flames a regulator consisting of compound metals or
other suitable material or materials capable of giving an automatic movement by
expansion or contraction, which movement may be employed to actuate various devices
for controlling the oil or spirit contained in a reservoir placed level or more or less
above the burners substantially as herein described.
3rd. In an oil or spirit lamp having a reservoir level or above the burners, the
application of a metallic regulator consisting of two or more metals of unequal
expansion and contraction as a means of automatically moving suitable mechanisms
for connecting and disconnecting the absorbent material contained in a pivoted box
or tube with the saturated pad, or with cocks, valves, slides, or other devices
for regulating the supply of oil or spirit to the burners substantially as herein
doscribed.
4th. The various lever and other mechanisms shown for connecting the regulator
to the cotton boxes or their equivalents whereby a double or single action is given,
substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
5th. Inserting in an oil or spirit reservoir a tube or chamber filled with an
absorbent material such tube or chamber passing to the bottom or near the bottom
of the said reservoir round or in which apertures are made through which oil or
spirit may soak to the top of the absorbent material forming a saturated pad from
which oil or spirit may be taken for feeding the flames either above, level, or below
the reservoirs substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings.
6th. The saturated pad delivering a limited supply of oil or spirit in combination.
with any suitable device for putting in contact with the said saturated pad the cottons
or wicks leading the oil or spirit to the burners substantially as herein described and
shown in the drawings.
7th. In an oil or spirit lamp constructed with the reservoir above the burners taking
a supply of oil or spirit from a saturated pad for feeding the flame or flames
substantially as herein described.
8th. In an oil or spirit lamp constructing a box or chamber independent of the
reservoir, or above the level of the oil, for holding or storing a hank of cotton or
other absorbent material substantially as herein described.
9th. The construction of the wick cases or tubes whereby the cottons may be
wound through in a folded or semicircular form until near the mouth of the burner
from which they inay be projected flat for the purpose of reducing shadow substantially
as herein shown.
10th. In wick cases of the kind referred to in the preceding claim winding the
cottons or wicks with an endless toothed chain gripping the cotton, or with a train
of toothed wheels, every alternate wheel of which grips the cotton substantially as
herein described and shown in the drawings.

page_text: 11th. The method of winding a round cotton shown in Fig. 15 of the accompanying
drawings.
12th. The various methods herein shown and described for winding wicks or
cottons down a wick tube or case in a glass bowl or body from a milled knob placed
above.
13th. In oil or spirit lamps designed to give chiefly a downward light the con-
struction of an oval, oblong, round or slotted glass fixed immediately above the
flame so shaped or cut as to impinge the air on the flame spreading it, and producing
perfect combustion substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings.
14th. In oil or spirit lamps the construction of the glasses herein shown in
combination with a metal chimney.
15th. In oil or spirit lamps the construction of a glass chimney so shaped at the
bottom that the flame is thereby formed as herein set forth and described.
16th. The mode of forming a flat flame from a round cotton or wick substantially
as herein described with reference to Fig. 15 of the drawings.
17th. In a lamp designed to travel at speed constructing the inlets or outlets in
such a manner that the apertures are automatically opened or closed by the action and
motion of the train on a weight suspended from a rod or lever or levers connecting
with mechanism actuating the device substantially as herein set forth and described
with reference to Fig. 7 of the drawings.
18th. The modifications described whereby the apertures forming the inlets or
outlets may be automatically opened or closed by the action of a piece of flat metal
exposed to the draught meeting the train, attached and controlled by a spring to a lever
working the mechanism, also the described method of connecting the ventilating
device with a compound metallic regulator acted upon by the heat given off from the
flames substantially as herein described.
19th. In a railway roof lamp the construction of top and cover E and E' for
protecting and baffling the air inlets and outlets as described in reference to Fig. 1
of the drawings.
20th. In a railway carriage roof lamp made with a reservoir outside the metal
rim A, the construction as shown in Fig. 8 of the drawings whereby the reservoir D
is connected by the arms or stays D2 to the inner casing G for the purpose of removal,
the outer case B standing above the top of the reservoir as a safeguard against
overflow into the lamp or carriage, substantially as herein described and shown.
21st. The construction of wall lamps substantially as described and shown in Figs. 17
and 18 of the drawings.
22nd. The improvements in oil or spirit lamps and the manner of applying them
to the various lamps shown substantially as herein described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th day of September 1888.