IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GALVANIC BATTERIES AND IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC CURRENTS THEREFROM
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ambrose Wray Warden of Fore Street in the City of
London, Chemist for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF GALVANIC BATTERIES AND IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC
CURRENTS THEREFROM
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ambrose Wray Warden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1883.
AMBROSE WRAY WARDEN of Fore Street in the City of London, Chemist
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GALVANIC BATTERIES AND IN THE
MEANS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC CURRENTS THEREFROM."
The object of this Invention is to construct galvanic cells or batteries that will
give powerful currents of great constancy, and that at considerably less cost than
heretofore.
To this end I provide for the constant flow of the exciting liquid or liquids from
a reservoir or reservoirs directly to the several cells, and for the corresponding
outflow of such exciting liquid or liquids, by which means I am enabled to prevent
polarization and the formation of deposits on the electrodes and the cell bottoms.
In constructing a single fluid battery, I arrange the electrodes in any well known
or approved manner, and I connect the cells at bottom and near the top, severally
with pipes running longitudinally of the battery, such pipes being composed of
Ebonite, glass, or other suitable material, and leading the one to a reservoir and the
other to a receiver.
The reservoir will supply the several cells by gravitation, and the exciting liquid
discharged I propose to raise by pumping again to the reservoir.
For the purpose of actuating my pumps, I use by preference an electro-motor
consisting of a well-balanced beam of soft iron connected at its extremities with
the piston rods of a pair of pumps connected with the receiver and reservoir. On
opposite sides of the fulcrum of this beam, and immediately below the beam, I set
up one or more electro-magnets so arranged as alternately to attract the beam
equally in opposite directions, and thereby to ensure its oscillation.
Die S1

page_text: These electro-magnets I place alternately in circuit of the battery by any
approved construction of commutator.
This arrangement ensures automatic circulation of the exciting fluid through the
battery cells, and the maintenance of the efficiency of the battery until the positive
electrodes are spent.
In preparing a two-fluid battery according to my invention, I employ two supply
and two delivery pipes or channels, which connect severally with their respective
compartments in each cell, the one pipe or channel supplying the compartment in
which say the positive electro is situate, and the other supplying the compartment
or compartments in which the negative electrode is situated, or vice versa. A
corresponding arrangement is effected with respect to the delivery pipes or
channels.
The circulation will be kept up by means of a pair of pumps actuated by the
electro-motor above described, the exciting liquids heing led to their respective
pumps, which will deliver those liquids back to their respective reservoirs.
In general, the exciting liquids will be supplied at the bottom of the cells, and
run off near the top, but the course may be reversed if thought desirable.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Ambrose Wray Warden in the Patent Office on the 26th March
1884.
AMBROSE WRAY WARDEN of Fore Street in the City of London Chemist
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GALVANIC BATTERIES AND IN THE
MEANS OF OBTAINING ELECTRIC CURRENTS THEREFROM
"
The object of this Invention is to construct galvanic cells or batteries that will
give powerful currents of great constancy, and that at considerably less cost than
heretofore.
To this end I provide for the constant flow of the exciting liquid or liquids from
a reservoir or reservoirs, directly to the several cells, and for the corresponding
outflow of such exciting liquid or liquids, by which means I am enabled to prevent
polarization and the formation of deposits on the electrodes and the cell bottoms
In the accompanying drawing. Fig: 1 shews in longitudinal sectional elevation
and Fig 2 in end elevation a two fluid battery constructed according to my
invention.
:
A is a rectangular box made of wood or other suitable material, and divided up
into cells by means of partitions of vulcanite or equivalent material B and porous
partitions C.
The cells formed by the porous partitions I fit with, say, carbon electrodes and
the other cells with, say, zinc electrodes, the zinc plates of each divided cell being
electrically connected. In other respects the poles will be coupled up in any usual
or approved manner.
The cells I connect at bottom, and near the top, severally with pipes running
longitudinally of the battery, such pipes being composed of ebonite glass, or other
suitable material and leading the one to a reservoir and the other to a receiver.
D. D. are pipes running longitudinally of the battery, and intended to supply
two characters of exciting liquid to the battery, the supply pipe D is in communi-
cation with the zinc or positive cells, and the pipe D* with the carbon or negative
cells. These pipes severally connect with the bottoms of their respective cells, and
supply them from elevated reservoirs with their respective exciting liquids. E E*
is a second pair of pipes running longitudinally of the battery, and intended to
carry off the overflow of the exciting liquids from the several cells, and conduct
them into their respective receiving tanks El E* The exciting liquids flowing
down from their reservoirs in the direction of the arrows by gravitation will keep
up a constant direct supply to the several cells, and the exciting liquid discharged.
by the pipes E. E* into the tanks. E¹. E*. I propose to raise by pumping, again to
the reservoir.
For the purpose of actuating my pumps, I may use any approved arrangement
of electro-motor.
This arrangement ensures the automatic circulation of the exciting fluid through
the battery cells and the maintenance of the efficiency of the battery until the
positive electrodes are spent.
From the foregoing explanation it will be understood that the Invention is
equally applicable to single fluid batteries; in this case I use a single supply and
a single discharge pipe instead of a pair, as shewn in the drawing connecting them
with the several cells at bottom and top as already explained
In general, the exciting liquids will be supplied at the bottom of the cells and
run off near the top, but the course may be reversed if thought desirable.-When
the battery is out of use the liquids may be drawn off by means of a three-way
cock or cocks e shewn in Figs 1 & 2

page_text: I would remark that I am aware that it has been proposed to create a circulation
of the exciting liquids in batteries by supplying the liquid or liquids at one end
and running them off at the other, but the practical result of such an arrangement
is to diminish the efficiency of the last cell of the series, and thereby to cause all
the cells of the battery to drop to an equality with the least efficient.
By my invention however I cause a constant flow of the exciting liquids directly
to and from each cell of the battery, and I am thereby enabled to maintain the
battery in an efficient state for a considerable time, and thereby secure more
uniform currents than heretofore.
Moreover by this arrangement all ordinary deposits will be collected in, and may
be readily removed from the receiver instead of the individual cells.
Having now set forth the nature of my invention of "Improvements in the
construction of galvanic batteries, and in the means of obtaining electric currents
therefrom and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect. I wish it
to be understood that under the above in part received Letters Patent I claim
"
First: Establishing a direct circulation of the exciting liquid or liquids used in
galvanic batteries between the several cells and their supply reservoir for the
purpose above setforth.
4
Second-The arrangement of supply and delivery pipes connecting the cells of
the battery with a reservoir and receiver, or reservoirs and receivers, as and for the
purpose above described.
In witness whereof I the said Ambrose Wray Warden have hereunto set my
hand and seal the twentysixth day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
ANDDOCK WAV
WADDEN 601