An Improved Diaphragm for Use in Churns.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 12th Jan., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Diaphragm for Use in Churns.
:-
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of 140 High Holborn, in the County of London, Dairy
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
'This invention relates to an improved bucketted "diaphragm" applicable for
use in barrel-shaped, square, rectangular or other shaped rotary churns.
In constructing the improved diaphragm for a barrel-shaped end-over-end churn,
such as that described in the Specification accompanying my application for
Patent No. 2963 of 1894, I so form its sides as that it can be slid endways into the
open end of the churn so as to diametrically divide the interior of the latter.
Adjacent to the ends of the diaphragm, I construct, between its sides, two
angular buckets, each formed by angularly placed boards so disposed as to form
the bucket with a relatively wide opening at the one side and with a relatively
narrow opening at the other side, the buckets being also so formed as to cause a
greater number of separate and consecutive falls and concussions of the milk or
cream being churned in each rotation of the churn than the two obtainable with
bucketted diaphragms such as have hitherto been used. This increased number of
fulls of the cream, I cause to be effected by making the inner louvre board of each
bucket of an elliptic, horse-shoe or other similar or suitable hollowed shape at its
edge or edges, so that when the churn is rotated the cream will be caused to fall in
a correspondingly shaped current, like, as it were, a miniature Falls of Niagara,
but, instead of said current being allowed to fall uninterruptedly to the bottom of
the churn as in former bucketted diaphragms, it is caused to be intercepted during
the rotation of the churn by another louvre board which may be the other louvre
board forming the bucket, one or both edges of which also may be made elliptical
or otherwise hollowed as above referred to, or may be straight, as preferred; by
which means I obtain said increased number of consecutive falls or concussions of
the cream in each rotation of the churn, and a consequent and desirable increase
of aerating and agitating action of the churn which I have found to be singularly
efficient in making a perfect sample of butter.
Another advantage incidental to the improved diaphragm, is that it will more
efficiently churn either milk or cream whether inserted in the churn to rotate in a
forward direction that is with the wide or open mouths of the bucket shaped ends
first presenting themselves to the milk or cream, or with the narrow or partially
closed mouths thereof firstly presented thereto, each way of rotation possessing
special, in fact peculiar, merits in the churning of both new milk and cream, and
especially the latter when it is passing through that stage, which, during the
process of churning, is evidenced by the thickening or increasing consistence of
the cream, and which consequently entails at this point a considerable increase
of the power required to effect the churning, which the improved diaphragm
considerably modifies.
Dated this 10th day of April 1894.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of 140, High Holborn, in the County of London, Dairy
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to au improved bucketted diaphragm applicable for use in
barrel-shaped, square, rectangular or other shaped rotary churns.
The improved diaphragm is represented on the accompanying drawings in
perspective view, in Fig. 1, in end view in Fig. 2, and in sectional plan in Fig. 3.
The improved diaphragm is formed with sides a, between which and adjacent to
the ends thereof are constructed two angular buckets b, each formed by
angularly placed boards c ex, so disposed as to form the bucket with a relatively
wide opening b, at the one side and with a relatively narrow opening &* at the other
side, the buckets being also so formed as to cause a greater number of separate
and consecutive falls and concussions of the milk or cream being churned in each
rotation of the churn than is obtainable with bucketted diaphragms such as have
hitherto been used. This increased number of falls of the cream I cause to be
effected by making the edge exx, of the inner louvre-board cx, of each bucket, of
an elliptic, horse-shoe or other similar or suitable hollowed shape so that when the
churn is rotated the cream will be caused to fall in a correspondingly shaped
current, like, as it were, a miniature Falls of Niagara, and so that instead
of said current being allowed to fall uninterruptedly to the bottom of the churn, as
in former bucketted diaphragms, it is caused to be intercepted during the
rotation of the churn by the boards c*.
By such means, I also cause the cream to fall in increased volume, and,
consequently, with greater concussive force than with the louvres hitherto used,
either with or without breaker bars bars or rods, and also obtain a more effective
aerating and agitating action which is singularly efficient in making a perfect
sample of butter.
Another advantage incidental to the improved diaphragm, is that it will more
efficiently churn either milk or cream, whether inserted in the churn to rotate in a
forward direction that is with the wide or open mouths b, of the bucket shaped
ends first presenting themselves to the milk or cream, or with the narrow or
partially closed mouths 6x, thereof firstly presented thereto, each way of rotation
possessing special, in fact, peculiar, merits in the churning of both new milk and
'cream, particularly the latter when it is passing through that stage, which, during
the process of churning, is evidenced by the thickening or increasing consistence of
the cream, and which, consequently, entails, at this point, a considerable increase
of the power required to effect the churning, which the improved diaphragm
considerably modifies.
In constructing the improved diaphragmn for a barrel-shaped end-over-end-churn
such as that described in the Specification filed in pursuance of my application for
Patent No. 2963 of 1894, I form its sides with guides a¹, so that it can be slid
endways into the open end of the correspondingly adapted churn so as to
diametrically divide the interior of the latter. Both edges c**, of each board c*,
may be similarly formed as aforesaid; or, in lieu of said edge or edges being so
formed it or they may be made straight and set back in relation to the front or
back side of the diaphragm, but not so advantageously.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The bereinbefore described improved bucketted diaphragm having the inner
louvre-boards of each bucket formed on its edge or edges of an elliptic, horse-shoe
or other similar or suitable hollowed-shape, or straight and set back, so as to be
operative in manner aforesaid.
Dated this 9th day of January 1895.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.