IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE NAILS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN such Manufacture
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Huggett, of 36, Terminus Road, Eastbourne,
in the County of Sussex, and John Albert Huggett, of 21, Union
Grove, Clapham, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE NAILS, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN such Manufacture.”
Sealed the 10th December 1872, and dated the 15th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Huggett and
John Albert Huggett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th October 1872.
We, JOHN HUGGETT, of 36, Terminus Road, Eastbourne, in the County
of Sussex, and JOHN ALBERT HUGGETT, of 21, Union Grove, Clapham, :
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven- ⠀
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HORSE NAILS, AND IN "
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of*
horse nails, and relates especially to further improvements on the system

page_text: of manufacturo described in the Specification of a former Patent granted
to us, and dated the 11th day of October 1869, No. 2952. The first
operation in this system is to pass a flat nail rod on edge between rolls,
one of which has recesses in its circumference or face at distances about
equal to twice the length of the nail, this is done in order to reduce
the width of the rod down to the thickness of the stem of the nail, but
leaving the rod of the original width or nearly so at the parts which are
to form the heads of the nails. To prevent the rod spreading laterally
with the pressure of rolling, it is confined between flanges on the rolls.
According to our former Specification the endway thrust of these rolls
which is very considerable, was received by screws at the ends of their
axes; we now obtain this object more effectually by mounting a collar
on the axis of one roll, say the upper one, and this collar bears against
the back or end of the other or lower roll, so that the lower roll is con-
fined between the end of the upper roll and the collar upon the axis of
this roll. The collar is adjustable, and is held in its place by a nut.
In order to cause the nail rod to enter between the rolls without loss
of time as it requires to be very hot when rolled, we form the flanges of
the rolls in such a manner, that as soon as the rod touches them they
turn it on edge and lead it correctly to the eye of the rolls. For this
purpose we bevel off the edge of the flange of each roll thus
and we
form a projection or projections upon the bevelled surface, or we roughen
it. The nail rod at a welding heat, as it is drawn from a furnace, is
thrown down a guide trough, its end strikes first on the bevelled edges
of the flanges of the rolls, and as these are travelling at high velocity in
opposite directions they immediately turn the rod and direct it into the
eye of the rolls.
In order to cause the rod to deliver out of the cavities of the roll,
these cavities at every revolution of the roll are filled with tar which as
it thickens with use is kept at a syrupy consistency by the addition of
oil. This is effected by causing the roll during à part of its rotation to
be immersed in the tar or semi-liquid material. In this way also a
lubricating film is maintained between the lower roll and the collar
which supports it. When the rod has been thus rolled it is operated
upon, as is described in the Specification of our said former Patent, by
passing it between other rolls to spread the bulbs upon it laterally; this

page_text: operation (as well as those subsequent) may be performed cold. The
rod is then cut up into nail blanks. The nail blanks, lastly, are squeezed
by dies to reduce them to the finished form. Formerly in performing
this operation we employed steel bed dies let into the surface of a
carrying roller, but now we dispense with such dies and press the nail
direct upon the surface of the roller, which is of chilled cast iron.
Formerly also the width of the top die was made to correspond with that
of the face of the nail, we now make it considerably wider to obtain
greater strength, and accordingly we vary the method of working; we
now cause the two side dies first to close upon the nail blank, then they
recede, and the top die comes down between them, and in turn presses the
blank. We now also cause the side dies to squeeze the nail blank a
second time, and this they do as soon as the top die has left it. There
are studs fixed in the periphery of the carrying roller to support the
heads of the nail blanks, and the side die holders are made to fit the
spaces between these studs, so that in entering they lock the carrying
roller and ensure the nail blank being held in the proper position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Huggett and John Albert Huggett in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HUGGETT, of 36, Terminus Road, Eastbourne, in the County of Sussex,
and JOHN ALBERT HUGGETT, of 21, Union Grove, Clapham, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said John Huggett and John Albert Huggett,
Her special license that we, the said John Huggett and John Albert
Huggett, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said John Huggett and John Albert Huggett, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF HORSE NAILS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN SUCH MANufacture,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Huggett
and John Albert Huggett, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our or their hands and scals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Albert Huggett, on behalf of
myself and the said John Huggett, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :---
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
horse nails, and relates especially to further improvements on the system
of manufacture described in the Specification of a former Patent granted
to us, and dated the 11th day of October 1869, No. 2952. The first
operation in this system is to pass a flat nail rod on edge between rolls,
one of which has recesses in its circumference or face at distances about
equal to twice the length of the nail; this is done in order to reduce the
width of the rod down to the thickness of the stem of the nail, but
leaving the rod of the original width or nearly so at the parts which are
to form the heads of the nails. To prevent the rod spreading laterally
with the pressure of rolling it is confined between flanges on the rolls.
According to our former Specification the cudway thrust of these rolls.
which is very considerable, was received by screws at the ends of their
We now do this more effectually by mounting a collar on the
axis of one roll, say the lower one, and this collar bears against the
back or cud of the other or upper roll so that the upper roll is confined
between the end of the lower roll, and the collar upon the axis of this
roll. The collar is adjustable and is held in its place by a nut.
axes.
In order to cause the nail rod to enter between the rolls without loss
of time as it requires to be very hot when rolled, we form the flanges
of the rolls in such a manner, that as soon as the rod touches them they
turn it on edge and lead it correctly to the cyo of the rolls. For this

page_text: form a projection or projections upon the bevelled surface, or we roughen
it. The nail rod at a welding heat, as it is drawn from a furnace, is thrown
down a guide trough, its end strikes first on the beveled edges of tho
flanges of the rolls, and as these are travelling at high velocity in
opposite directions they immediately turn the rod and direct it into the
eye of the rolls.
In order to cause the rod to deliver out of the cavities of the roll,
these cavities at every revolution of the roll are filled with tar which as.
it thickens with use is kept at a syrupy consistency by the addition of
oil. This is effected by causing the roll during a part of its rotation to
be immersed in the tar or semi-liquid material. In this way also a
lubricating film is maintained between the lower roll and the collar
which supports it. When the rod has been thus rolled, it is operated
upon, as is described in the Specification of our said former Patent, by
passing it between other rolls to spread the bulbs upon it laterally.
This operation (as well as those subsequent) may be performed cold.
The rod is then cut up into nail blanks. The nail blanks, lastly, aro
squeezed by dies to reduce them to the finished form. Formerly in per-
forming this operation we employed steel bed dies let into the surface
of a carrying roller, but now we dispense with such dies and press the
nail direct upon the surface of the roller which is of chilled cast iron.
Formerly also the width of the top die was made to correspond with that
of the face of the nail, we now make it considerably wider to obtain
greater strength, and accordingly we vary the method of working; we
now cause the two side dies first to close upon the nail blank, then they
recede, and the top die comes down between them, and in turn presses
the blank. We now also cause the side dies to squeeze the nail blank a
second time, and this they do as soon as the top die has left it. There
are studs fixed in the periphery of the carrying roller to support the
heads of the nail blanks, and the side die holders are made to fit the
spaces between these studs, so that in entering they lock the carrying
roller, and ensure the nail blank being held in the proper position.
In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood, and
11
will end to docenibe the Drawings have

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the rolling machinery; Figure 2 is a
section of the upper roll; and Figure 3 of the lower roll with the parts
connected therewith; Figure 4 is a side view of the upper roll with its
shaft and lock nut in section.
a is the bed plate with the two housings or bearings a¹, a', upon it.
In these housings the upper and lower shafts 6' and * are carried. The
lower shaft is coupled at one end with the driving power, and at the
other it is geared with the upper shaft by the pinions 63, 6. Each shaft
has a collar forged upon it, and the rolls c' and cabut on these collars
against which they are securely locked by the lock nuts d' and d. The
lower shaft also carries the collar e, which is locked in its place between
the nut and a second nut f, and the parts are accurately fitted so that
the roll c¹ is just able to turn freely between the end of the roll ɑ and
the collar e. As soon as the parts become at all worn they are returned
to maintain an accurate fit. c¹ and e*, are the rolling surfaces which
come in contact with the highly heated nail rod, and the upper onc is
recessed as is shewn in Figure 4 to leave bulbs to form the heads of the
nails. c** and ** are the flanges of the rolls which prevent the
spreading or widening of the nail rod, the collar e keeping the flange of
one roll close up to the end of the rolling face of the other roll. The
edges of these flanges are bevelled, and have each two projections C upon
them, as is shown in Figure 4, which striking the ends of the nail rods as
they are slidden down a guide trough to the rolls as already described
turn them on edge and cause them at once and without any delay to
enter the eye of the rolls. y is a trough, with an opening in the bottom
through which the roller c¹ projects, the trough g is kept full of coal tar,
which is thinned when necessary with coal oil. In this way the nail
rod is prevented from sticking in the recesses of the upper roll. The
preparation of the nail blanks from the rods thus rolled has been already
referred to, and as it does not present any feature of novelty, we proceed
at once to the further description of the machine by which the roughly
formed nail blanks are pressed and truly formed into nails.
The machine which is an improvement upon that described in the
Specification of our former Patent is shown in Figures 5, 6, and 7 of the
Drawings. Figure 5 is a side elevation; Figure 6 is a vertical section;
and Figure 7 is an horizontal section taken on the line 1, 1, in Figure 6;

page_text: h, h, is the frame of the machine, carrying a strong axle ', upon which
the chill cast roller i is able to turn. is a ring of ratchet teeth fixed
upon the roller i, and a claw lever k catching these teeth turns the roller
step by step; 3 is a break strap, bearing upon the roller with sufficient
pressure to prevent it overrunning; the roller i has square headed
studs fixed in it as is seen in section at Figure 8. The claw lever k
receives its motion from an eccentric "on the main axis 1, which has
pulleys upon it to receive the driving belt. The lever k is in two parts,
held together by a powerful spring which yields to prevent breakage if
from any cause the roller i should become set fast, but at other times it
is inoperative. The main axis also has a cam upon it, which by
acting against the bowls m', m³, gives a vertical reciprocating motion to
the slide m.
This slide carries at its lower end the steel tool m³, the
face of which is of the form which it is desired to give to the upper side
of the nail, but considerably wider in order that its strength may be
sufficient; m³ is a cross head carried by the slide m, it has upon it two
pair of bowls or friction rollers m*, between which the cam shaped
levers n, n, pass. These levers as the cross-head moves up and down are
caused to rock upon their axes n¹, n', which at their lower ends connect
them with the frame h; o, o, are slides working upon the frame and
which are jointed to the levers n, these slides have the steel tools o¹, o¹,
fixed to them, the faces of which correspond in form to the sides of the
nail, but are wider to allow them to be of sufficient strength. In the use
of the machine the workman sits in front of the roller and places the
nail blanks upon it on the rising side, the flat back of the nail blank
resting on the roller with its head against the stud. Each movement
or step of the roller brings one of the blanks under the slide m, and then
as this slide descends the tools o¹, o¹, are caused to move inwards; they
are of such a width as just to be able to enter freely the spaces between
the studs, and they are slightly rounded at the corners so that in
entering they correct the position of the roller should any slight
correction be necessary, and lock it securely in its position; the
tools o', o', then squeeze the nail blank on its two sides and bring them
to the proper shape. As the slide m continues to descend the tools o¹, o',
separate sufficiently to allow the tool m³ to pass, and this tool then
comes down and presses the top of the nail blank to its proper form; the
slide m then rises, and as it does so the tools o', o¹, again advance, and
pressing the nail correct any bulging of the metal which may have
resulted from the pressure applied by the tool m².

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, we would have it understood that we
claim, the method of sustaining the thrust of rolls employed for rolling
horse nail rods by means of a collar applied substantially as described.
We also claim the method of causing tho nail rod to enter truly
between the rolls by bevelling or inclining the edges of their flanges,
substantially as described.
We also claim the use of tar or such like viscous fluid to prevent the
nail rod sticking in the cavities of the rolls, substantially as described.
We also claim the arrangement of the pressing machine for finishing
the nails, substantially as described, such machine consisting essentially
of a hard and smooth surfaced roller with studs inserted into it, and an
upper and two side pressing tools which operate alternately upon the
nail blank lying upon the surface of the roller and between the studs.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Albert Huggett, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Ninth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.