Improvements in Brakes for Cycles.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in Brakes for Cycles.
I, JAMES SAMUEL FOLEY, of High Street, West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to brakes for chain-driven cycles, and has for its object.
a new construction of brake in which the act of back pedalling operates the same.
My said invention consists, in one form, in providing at one end of a hub, &
fixed drum against the inside of which a spring band is expanded by a clutch or
hooked end part carried by the hub, upon which the chain is strung with a
certain freedom of rotatory movement.
In carrying out this form of my invention, I take an ordinary hub, upon a
boss at one end of which the chain wheel is mounted and comes between a pair
of collars, fast with the said hub and with the inner one carrying an arm, lug or
stop which comes against another stop on the chain wheel inner face and forms
the thrust bearing which rotates the driving wheel on forward pedalling. This
chain wheel has a certain rotatory movement, say about one twelfth of its circum-
ference, in order to admit of a friction band spring being brought against the
inside periphery of a cap or drum made fast to or carried by one of the forks
or other fixed part of the framing of a machine.
The inner and fast end of the friction band is affixed to the outer face of the
chain wheel whilst the other and free end takes its bearing upon a clutch or hook
catch carried by and standing out from the outer collar which is fast to the hub.
Assuming that a bicycle is being driven in the ordinary way by chain gear by
forward pedalling, then the thrust bearing lugs takes an abutment against the stop
on the inside of the chain wheel and the whole rotate bodily together, but
immediately back-pedalling is performed, the force exerted straightens the sagging
or lower part of the chain and imparts a slight movement to the chain wheel in
the reverse or backward direction, when the said force exerted is transmitted to
the friction band spring whilst the clutch remains quiescent relative to the hub.
The said band spring is thus expanded and is forced against the inner periphery
of the drum, hence the retardation of the forward motion of the machine.
The amount of retardation is dependent upon the force exerted in back pedalling
and immediately the pressure of back-pedalling is relieved, then the parts resume
their normal positions.
The application of my invention to the front chain wheel and other parts of
cycles differs in no essential respect from its application to the back chain wheel
as herein described.
Dated thin 7th dose of Tul 1905
JAMES SAMUEL FOLEY
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Brakes for Cycles.
I. JAMES SAMUEL FOLEY of High Street, West Bromwich, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
inanner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to brakes for chain-driven velocipedes, brought into
operation (for retarding the progressive movement of a machine) through the
medium of the drive chain by the act of back-pedalling, and consists in providing
at one end of the stationary spindle of a back wheel hub, or upon the end of the
barrel of a bottom bracket or other suitable part of a cycle, a fixed drum or
casing against the inside of which a spring band is expanded when the drive
chain, by reason of the rider back-pedalling, exerts a pull upon the chain wheels
in the contrary direction to that exerted in ordinary forward driving.
When my invention is applied to the back hub of a cycle the casing or drum
is secured to the spindle end as aforesaid, whilst the ends of the band brake are
respectively in connection with lugs or the like, one of which is carried on the
outer face of a chain wheel, mounted so as to turn freely on the end of the hub,
and the other is fixed upon the hub end itself, the arrangement being such that
the ordinary pull of the chain in forward driving brings the lugs on chain wheel
and bub together or into abutment, but when a rider sets up a back-pedalling
action, the chain tends to pull the chain wheel round in the reverse direction,
which separates the lugs and increases the distance between the ends of the band
brake whose diameter is thus slightly increased and its outer periphery brought
into braking contact with the inner periphery of the drum, hence the motion of
the machine is retarded.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing represents, partly in longitudinal vertical
section, and partly in elevation, a cycle brake constructed according to my invention
and applied to a back wheel hub. The said view shows the positions which the parts
of the brake and the drive chain (indicated by the dotted lines) take when the brake
is in action.
Figure 2 is a like view as Figure 1, but with the brake off and the parts and chain
shown in the position they normally occupy.
Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section, upon the dotted line x, Figure 2, of the
chain wheel end of a hub and the brake fitted thereto.
Figure 4 is an elevation of Figure 3, but with the casing, spindle and brake band
removed.
Figure 5 is an elevation and a vertical section on the dotted line 2, of the brake
band separately.
Figure 6 is a vertical section of the drum or casing separately, and
Figure 7 is an inside elevation thereof.
Figure 8 represents an elevation of the brake in position upon a machine.
Figure 9 is an elevation and section of the chain wheel separately, and
Figure 10 is a front elevation and section of the ring separately.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures of
the drawing.
a is the hub, having a loosely mounted chain wheel b, threaded upon the head
end a', thereof, up to a collar or inward abutment a², and being there retained by a
ring or collar c, screwed upon the wormed part a³, of the hub head and locked thereto
by small screws c'. This ring carries upon or has made fast to it, a lug or stop c²,
coming against the stop 6, on the chain wheel and forming the thrust bearing which
rotates the driving wheel on forward pedalling. d is a spring band brake, the one

page_text: end d, of which is made fast to the lug or stop 62, on the chain wheel, and the other
and d, is secured to the lug &, on the ring c, revolving with the hub, whilst the
outer periphery d³, is adapted to come into frictional contact with the opposed and
inner surface e, of the brake drum or casing e, the central boss e³, of which is screwed
to take upon the wormed part 1, of the stationary hub spindle f, whose extreme
outer ends, are also wormed to take the nuts g, which secure both the hub and the
brake casing to the slotted jaws ', of the back forks 4, of a machine. e³ is a stud or
pin on the outside of the brake casing adapted to take between the said jaws h', as an
additional security.
Assuming that a bicycle is being driven in the ordinary way through chain gear
by forward pedalling, then the thrust bearing lug on the loosely mounted chain wheel
abuts against the stop on the end of the hub and the chain wheel and hub rotate
together, but supposing a rider wishes from any reason to apply the brake, he
back-pedals and the force thus exerted straightens the sagging or lower part of the
chain. This momentarily checks the rate of rotation of the chain wheel but has no
immediate effect upon the speed at which the hub rotates, so that the hub runs on a
little in advance of the wheel, which movement separates the lugs to a slight degree
and increases the distance between the ends of the band brake, which is thus
expanded against the inner periphery of the drum, setting up a braking action and
retarding the forward motion of the machine to an extent proportional to the force
exerted in back pedalling and immediately the ordinary action is resumed, the parts
resume their normal positions.
The application of my invention to the front chain wheel and other parts of cycles
differs in no essential respect from its application to a back wheel as herein described,
and further I wish it to be understood that my invention is equally applicable to
cycles driven by chainless gear, the gear wheels of which would act for putting on
the brake in essentially the same way as a drive chain when back-pedalling action
is set up.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. A brake for cycles operated by the act of back-pedalling and characterised
by the employment of a band or equivalent adapted to be expanded against, and to
make frictional contact with, the inner periphery of a drum or casing, said band and
drum being arranged and mounted substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly. In cycle brakes of the type referred to in the preceding claim, securing
or mounting the opposite ends of the brake band respectively to the chain wheel or
equivalent, or to a lug or the like carried thereby and to the end of the hub or
equivalent on which said chain wheel is mounted or revolves, or to a lug or other
attachment thereto, whereby, on a rider back-pedalling, the said ends are separated
and the band is expanded against the inside of a drum, casing or equivalent
substantially as herein described and set forth.
Thirdly. The improvements in cycle brakes and in the construction, arrangement
and operation of the same, substantially as described and set forth.
1
CT 1907
Latou
JAMES SAMUEL FOLEY,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.
JAMES SAMUEL FOLEY,
By Henry Skerrett,
24 Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.