Improvements in Manufacture of Jaws for Connecting and such like Rods.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 18th July, 1893-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Manufacture of Jaws for Connecting and such
like Rods.
I, SIMON HEINRICH STUPAKOFF, of No. 545 Turret Street, Pittsburg, in the
County of Allegheny, State of Pennsylvania, and United States of America,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The invention described herein relates to certain improvements in the manufacture
of jaws for connecting and such like rods and in apparatus employed in such
manufacture.
one
It has been customary in the manufacture jaws for connecting and such rods to
draw down one end of a bar to the shape and size of one member or jaw and then
to weld a correspondingly shaped piece to the bar at the junction of the other jaw
therewith. Jaws have also been formed by endwise splitting the end of the rod by
or more blows, and then flattening the divided portions. This method is
ineffective except for very small rods for a very short distance and an end wise blow
is more effective in upsetting than in dividing the bar. Coupling jaws have also
been formed by endwise splitting a heated bar for a short distance and then as a
part of the same operation, upsetting the split or divided portions of the bar, again
splitting and simultaneously upsetting the bar for a short distance, and continuing
this alternate splitting and upsetting until the jaws have been completed.
The object of this invention is to avoid frequent reheatings of the bar as such
reheatings are injurious to the metal, and to effect the formation of jaws by a series
of successive operations each complete before the others are started in lieu of the
frequent alternate repetition of the same operations.
In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this Specification,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a press for splitting the ends of a bar;
Fig. 2 shows an end and side elevation of one of the shearing blades ;
Fig. 3 shows similar views of the other blade ;
Fig. 4 is an end elevation of both blades;
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the shearing blades ;
Fig. 6 is an elevation of modified forms of one of the shearing blades ;
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are views of the bar, before being split, after it is split and after
the split ends have been returned to approximate parallelism;
Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the forming or upsetting press;
Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation, on an enlarged scale, of the upsetting and shaping
dies;
Fig. 12 is a similar view, the plane of section being at right angles to that of
Fig. 11;
Fig. 13 is a view similar to Fig. 12, the upper die and lower being shown down
in operative position, and ;
Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the completed jaw.
The first step in the practice of my invention is to split the end of the rod on
which the jaws are to be formed a sufficient distance to provide sufficient metal in
each tang or part for the formation of the body portion and the enlarged head or
boss at the end of the jaw. This splitting operation may be effected by any
suitable form or construction of shearing or cutting mechanism, as, for example,
such as is illustrated on Sheet 1 of the drawings.
The shearing mechanism shown in Fig. 1 is provided with an anvil block 1, and
a movable head 2, reciprocated by any suitable construction or arrangement of
driving mechanism. To the head 2 is secured the shearing blade or die 3, and on

page_text: the shoe 1 is fixed the blade or die 4, and, if desired, the guide block 5, which
serves to hold the blade or die 3 against the die 4. As shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 4,
grooves 6 and 7 are formed in the adjacent faces of the blades or dies 3 and 4.
The groove 6 in the die 4 is made of a depth equal or approximately so to half the
diameter of the bar to be cut. The cutting edge a formed by said groove passes
straight across the die, while the opposite edge b is at an angle to the edge a so
said groove has a width at one side of the die equal or approximately so to the
diameter of the bar to be split, while its width at the opposite side of the die is
equal to or slightly greater than twice the diameter of the bar. The groove 7 is
made of a width throughout its entire length equal or approximately so, to the
diameter of the bar to be split and of a depth equal, or approximately so, to half
the diameter of the bar. This groove passes at such an angle across the die, that
when one end of the straight cutting edge a of the die 3 reaches in its movement along
the die 4, the point at the corresponding end of the cutting edge d of the die 4,
the opposite end of the cutting edge a, will just have reached point e of the
edge of the groove. This construction of dies permits of a shearing out longi-
tudinally of the bar.
As shown in Fig. 1, the normal or feed position of the dies is with the edges b
and d in line one with the other. The bar is then slid into the opening formed by
the groove 6 and 7 and the movable die 3 is moved down, thereby splitting the bar
as shown in Fig. 8, by the conjoint action of the edges a and d. The relative
positions of the dies or blades after the splitting operation, are shown in Fig. 4, and
those of the tangs formed by the splitting operation in Fig. 8. As the end of the
tang g is carried down in the narrow. end of the groove 6 during the shearing or
splitting operation, it will be raised to parallelism with the tang h by the return
movement of the die 3.
While it is preferred to return the tango to parallelism with the tang h in the
manner described, that operation may be effected if desired during the subsequent
shaping or forging operation, hence the face of the die or blade 3 may be cut away
below the cutting edge a to a depth equal or approximately so to half the diameter
of the bar operated on, as shown in Fig. 6, the die 4 remaining unchanged.
After the bar has been split in the manner described, the divided end is heated,
until sufficiently plastic, and then placed in the forging press, and the tangs upset
and forced into the desired shape.
The forging or shaping apparatus may be of any suitable construction as regards
its operating parts. To the movable head 8 of the forging apparatus is secured the
male die consisting of the fuller 9, provided with lateral enlargements 10, having
recesses 11 in under faces for shaping the upper ends of the jaws. The female die
consists of the blocks 12 having their inner adjacent faces suitably recessed to form
matrices for shaping the tangs gh.
These blocks 12 are held by keys 13 in the upper end of the swinging block 14
provided with trunnions 15 mounted in bearings on the upper ends of the arms 16
of the housing or frame 17, which is secured to the anvil 18. The block 14 is
shifted from a vertical position to one where the hole 25 through the swinging block
is in line with the piston rod 19 of the fluid pressure cylinder 20, by means of a fluid
pressure cylinder 21 secured to the frame or housing. The piston rod 22 of said
cylinder is provided with a slot 23 engaging a pin on the crank 24 secured to one
of the trunnions of the swinging block.
After the bar has been split as described, and the tangs or parts thereof heated,
it is placed in position, the split and heated portion being located between the die-
blocks 12, and the remaining portion being within the hole 25 in the swinging block.
This hole is made of such a diameter relative to the bar operated on as to afford a
lateral support therefor and thereby prevent its buckling. The lower end of the
bar rests upon a steel block 26, which may be removably secured in the housing or
frame.
After the bar has been placed in position, the male die is forced down, the fuller
passing between the tangs pressing them laterally into the matrices and closing the

page_text: sides of said matrices as shown in Fig. 12. As the male die continues its movement,
the enlargements or recessed blocks 10 strike against the ends of the tangs forcing
the portions of the tangs projecting above the matrices of the female dies, into said
matrices and causing the metal of the tangs to flow laterally and completely fill not
only the matrices of the female die, but also the recesses in the enlargements or
blocks 10 of the male die.
This shaping operation is effected by one blow of the male die. After the male
die is withdrawn, the swinging block is shifted by the cylinder 21 until the hole 25
is in line with the piston rod 19, which is then forced into the hole 25, pushing the
bar with its completed jaws out of the swinging block. As soon as the completed
article has been removed, another split and heated bar is placed in position, the
block 14 turned back to normal position and the male die again forced down.
While it is preferred to heat the bar after it has been split, it may be heated
before the splitting operation, and immediately after splitting, transferred to the
forging press and there shaped as described. Both operations being effected at
one heat, or the bar may be sheared or split cold, heated and then shaped as
described.
It will be observed that in my improved method the bar is split longitudinally,
the shear blade moving sidewise of the bar, so that there is no upsetting action of
the shear blades on the divided portions of the bar, as inevitably occurs when the
splitting is effected by an endwise blow. This is an important feature for the reason
that the tangs produced by the splitting operation must be longer than the completed
jaws, in order to provide sufficient metal for the formation of the heads or enlarge-
ments on the ends of the jaws, and the thickening up of the body portions of the
jaws, as it is desirable that said body portions should be thicker than one-half of
the bar on which the jaws are formed. As before stated, if the splitting be effected
by an endwise blow or series of blows, the tangs thus produced will be upset, and
will be of the same length, if not shorter, than the jaws to be produced, so that in
the subsequent shaping operations the metal of the tangs, will have to flow towards
the ends of the tangs in order to form the heads or enlargements of the jaws.
Hence, it will be seen that in the methods heretofore employed the metal for the
jaws is first upset, i.e. forced in one direction and then in the shaping operations is
forced to flow in the opposite direction.
In my improved method, the bar is split by a sidewise shearing action for a
distance greater than the length required in the finished jaws, thus providing the
surplus metal for the formation of the heads or enlargements at the place where
such heads are to be formed, i.e. at or near the ends of the tangs.
It is characteristic of my improved method that the metal of the tangs is condensed
or compacted by the upsetting action, whereas in the methods heretofore in use the
metal is first compacted by the splitting operation and then expanded or spread out
by the shaping operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing jaws for connecting and such
like rods, the method herein described, which consists in splitting a rod or bar by a
sidewise shearing action, for a distance greater than the required length of jaws,
and then causing the metal of the tangs to flow laterally and longitudinally into
matrices suitably shaped for the formation of the body portions and the heads or
end enlargements of the jaws, by endwise pressure applied to the ends of the tangs,
substantially as set forth.
2. As an improvement in the art of manufacturing jaws for connecting and such
like rods, the method herein described, which consists in splitting a rod or bar by a
sidewise shearing action, for a distance greater than the required length of jaws,
heating the tangs thus formed and then causing the metal of the tangs to flow
laterally and longitudinally into matrices suitably shaped for the formation of the

page_text: body portions and the heads or end enlargements of the jaws, by end wise pressure
applied to the ends of the tangs, substantially as set forth.
3. As a step in the art of manufacturing jaws for connecting and such like rods
and other articles, the method herein described of splitting the rod or bar which
consists in enclosing the portion to be split between suitably grooved dies and then
moving one of said dies so that one of the edges of the moving die shall have an
angular movement across the groove in the other die, substantially as set forth.
Signed at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America, this Twenty-
A D 1000
Witnesses:
DANVIN S. WOLCOTT.
MARSHALL A. CHRISTY.
SIMON HEINRICH STUPAKOFF.