IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING WOODEN SURPACES FROM THE FOULING AND INJURY TO WHICH THEY ARE ORDINARILY LIABLE IN SEA WATER
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cornelius Craigie Halkett, of the Cramond
Iron Works, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING WOODEN SURPACES FROM THE
FOULING AND INJURY TO WHICH THEY ARE ORDINARILY LIABLE IN SEA
WATER."
Sealed the 1st August 1865, and dated the 9th February 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cornelius Craigie
Halkett, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 9th February 1865.
I, JOHN CORNELIUS CRAIGIE HALKETT, of the Cramond Iron Works, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING WOODEN SURFACES FROM THE
FOULING AND INJURY TO WHICH THEY ARE ORDINARILY LIABLE IN SEA WATER," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object to protect from the fouling and injury to
which they are ordinarily liable, any wooden surfaces which are immersed or

page_text: partially immersed in sea water, such, for example, as the bottoms of wooden
vessels, wooden piers, breakwaters, piles, and buoys. And the Invention
consists in applying to the wooden surfaces to be protected a covering or
sheathing of sheet iron or steel, such sheet iron or steel being itself coated
on both sides. The coating on the inner side of the sheathing may be
of a kind calculated to preserve it from corrosion merely, such, for example,
as red oxide of lead made into a paint with boiled oil and litharge, or an
oleaginous or fatty anti-corrosive mixture. The outer side of the sheathing
must be coated with a mixture, which whilst it is anti-corrosive is also anti-
fouling, and for this purpose it is preferred to use the mixture described in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Francis Cruickshank, and dated
4th August 1864 (No. 1941.) Care must be taken to apply the outer anti-
fouling coating to the edges of the sheets forming the metallic sheathing, and to
the nails or other fastenings by which they are fixed on the wooden surfaces
to be protected. If preferred, the anti-fouling and anti-corrosive coating may
also be applied to the inner side of the sheathing instead of the simple
anti-corrosive coating.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Cornelius Craigie Halkett in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CORNELIUS CRAIGIE HALKETT, of the Cramond Iron Works, in the County of
Mid Lothian North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Cornelius Craigie Halkett, Her special licence that I, the said John
Cornelius Craigie Halkett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Cornelius Craigie Halkett, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, usė, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-

page_text: tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING WOODEN SURFACES FROM THE FOULING
AND INJURY TO WHICH THEY ARE ORDINARILY LIABLE IN SEA WATER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Cornelius Craigie Halkett,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Cornelius Craigie Halkett, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, that is to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to protect from the fouling and injury
to which they are ordinarily liable, any wooden surfaces which are immersed
or partially immersed in sea water, such, for example, as the bottoms of
wooden vessels, wooden piers, breakwaters, piles, and buoys. And the Invention
consists in applying to the wooden surfaces to be protected a covering or
sheathing of sheet iron or steel, such sheet iron or steel being itself coated on
both sides. The coating on the inner side of the sheathing may be of a kind
calculated to preserve it from corrosion merely, such, for example, as white
oxide of lead made into a paint with boiled oil and litharge, or an oleaginous,
fatty, or bituminous anti-corrosive mixture. The outer side of the sheathing
must be coated with a mixture which whilst it is anti-corrosive is also anti-
fouling, and for this purpose it is preferred to use the mixture described in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Francis Cruickshank, and
dated 4th August 1864 (No. 1941.) Care must be taken to apply the outer
anti-fouling coating to the edges of the sheets forming the metallic sheathing,
and to the nails or other fastenings by which they are fixed on the wooden
surfaces to be protected. If preferred, the anti-fouling and anti-corrosive
coating may also be applied to the inner side of the sheathing instead of the
simple anti-corrosive coating.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict
myself to any particular coating or coatings for the sheet iron or steel, but.
that what I claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, the protecting of wooden surfaces from the fouling
and injury to which they are ordinarily liable in sea water by means of a

page_text: covering or sheathing of sheet iron or steel suitably coated on both sides
substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cornelius Craigie Halkett, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
J. C. CRAIGIE HALKETT. (L.s.)