Improvements in or Additions to Means or Apparatus Employed in the Manufacture of Coke for the Desiccation and Incineration of Precipitants or Solids Resulting from Sludge or other Substances Liable to Putrify.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd May, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 24th June, 1887.
Improvements in or Additions to Means or Apparatus Employed in
the Manufacture of Coke for the Desiccation and Incineration
of Precipitants or Solids Resulting from Sludge or other
Substances Liable to Putrify.
I, RICHARD DE SOLDENHOFF of 71 St. Mary's Street, Cardiff in the County of
Glamorgan, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus employed in
the desiccation, incineration and carbonization of precipitants and solids resulting
from sludge or other substances liable to putrify and relates to improvements in that
class of apparatus in which the above mentioned process is conducted in connection
with the manufacture of coke with coking coals.
Instead of locating the incinerating furnaces above the coke ovens as described in
the specification of former Letters Patent granted to me numbered 2721 of the
year 1866 and in the provisional specification filed by me and numbered 12259 of the
same year I according to my present invention locate such incinerating furnaces
between two coke ovens and I locate above each of such incinerating furnaces a
hopper or chamber in which the sludge or other material under treatment is first
received from the truck or other conveyor and is there dried previous to being passed
into the incinerating furnace.
My present invention is represented in the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 represents vertical sections on the lines A B, C D E, F G, of Figure 3 and
J K L of Figure 2 and a partial front elevation.
Figure 2 is a cross section on the line C₁ D¹ of Figure 4.
Figure 3 is a cross section on the line E, F, G, H¹ of Figure 4 and
Figure 4 represents a horizontal section on the line M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T of
Figure 1 a sectional plan of a pair of incinerating furnaces, horizontal sections on the
lines U W of Figure 3 X, Y, Z of Figure 2 and A', B₁ of Figure 3 and a partial plan
of a block of incinerating furnaces and coke ovens.

page_text: In carrying my present invention into effect I prefer to employ the arrangement
and combination of parts represented in the drawings but I do not confine myself to
the precise arrangement of flues and passages nor to the directions taken in the
circulation of the gases and superheated air.
In arranging any number of incinerating furnaces I locate each of such furnaces
between a pair of coke ovens with the exception of the first and the last of such
incinerating furnaces on the outer side of each of which I place two coke ovens.
desired however two coke ovens may also be interposed between the incinerating
chambers.
If
Any desired number of incinerating furnaces combined with coke ovens as above
described may compose a block but the number of such furnaces and ovens represented
in the drawings to a single block is that which I prefer.
Each block is provided with a chimney (not shown) into which the main flue a
leads and each block may if desired be provided with a condenser communicating with
the pipe b.
The direction taken in the circulation of the gases is represented by the arrows
shown in full lines and numbered in such a way that the lowest number indicates the
starting point for the gas and the highest number indicates the point where the gas
reaches the main flue.
The arrows shown by the dotted lines represent the direction of circulation of the
superheated air.
In order to facilitate my description of the construction of the incinerating furnaces
and coke ovens together with their mode of working I will describe two coke
ovens c, c¹ and one incinerating furnace d.
I will assume that the two coke ovens c, c' have been charged with coal for some
few hours and that the gases generated in them are enflamed and escape through
openings c²; there are 18 of these openings shown on each side of the ovens but other
suitable numbers of such openings may be employed.
These openings c² are situated just at the spring of the arches or crowns of the coke
ovens.
The gases escaping from the coke ovens through these openings c² at first circulate
in the side walls situated between the furnace d and coke ovens c, c¹ in the manner
represented by the sectional view Figure 3.
The gases leave these two said side walls through the openings e, e¹ and by such
openings enter the incinerating furnace d as represented by the sectional view shown
at Figure 2.
I assume that the furnace d is already charged with sludge cake or other material
to be treated and that the gases entering such furnace are compelled to travel up the
double incline of the furnace. I would here observe that each incinerating furnace d
is a double furnace the floor of which inclines downwards at a convenient angle on
each side of the centre.
The incline of the said floor is such as to permit the sludge cake or other material
or the ash resulting from it through the incineration process to slide upon it but not
without a slight assistance.
The furnace d is charged through the top from the hopper with comparatively dry
sludge cake or other material to be incinerated whilst the lowest parts of the
incinerating furnace that is to say those parts next the doors d¹ will contain almost
completely incinerated material.
The gases entering the furnace d are very hot and the entrances being next the
doors, the hottest gases meet with the sludge cake or other material in the most
advanced stage of incineration. The gases leave the furnace d through the
openings f, whence they are directed into the flues h, h¹ situated under the floor
of the furnace d. Each part of the floor is provided with two flues h h¹ underneath
the same.
The gases leaving the two flues are directed immediately into the flues situated
under the ovens c, c whilst the gases leaving the two flues h¹ pass first into the flue j

page_text: and from thence into the flues of the two ovens c, c¹ see Figure 2 and sections C, D, E
and F. G Figure 1. The gases having performed their work then pass away from the
flues under the ovens c, c¹, into the main flue a.
The cold air enters by the end opening of the flue which is parallel to the main
flue a, the air in traversing the flue & becomes warm and thence passes into the flue
which is also parallel to the main flue a but on the other side of it. The air
becomes hot in the flue and in that condition reaches the two horizontal flues m, m¹
situated just above the incinerating furnace d.
n¹
The flues m and m¹ are provided with flues q. q', which communicate by openings p
or p' with the furnaces d they are also in connection with flues n,
connecting them
with the side walls of each coke oven and are provided with openings o, o connecting
them with the coke ovens see Figures 2 and 3 and section A¹ B₁ of Figure 4.
The incinerating furnaces and the coke ovens are worked in the following manner.
The coke ovens are first charged and when the coking process is in full operation
but not till then the incinerating furnaces are to be charged. The sludge cake from the
presses or other material to be treated is brought to the furnaces on a platform truck s
see Figure 1 provided with a hole s¹ in the middle of its platform.
When the truck s is over the hopper r the door of the latter is opened and the
sludge cake or other material in the trucks is pushed into the hopper ŕ and when the
said hopper is fully charged the door r¹ is closed..
The sludge cake or other material so charged into the hopper r in a few hours
becomes nearly dry at the lower part.
The opening in the bottom of the hopper which communicates with the
incinerating furnace d may be closed by an arrangement of cup and cone or other
suitable valve or door, or by an arrangement of two rabbles t, t¹ as shown at
Figure 2.
When the lowest part of the sludge cake or other material in the hopper r is dry,
a slight motion of one of the rabbles at a time will deliver some of such material into
the incinerating furnace and by means of the same rabbles the sludge cake or other
material so delivered to the incinerating furnace may be pushed further down the floor
of the said furnace d..
The capacity of the hopper is preferably equal to that required for the charge for
the incinerating furnace.
The hopper is also provided with an opening 2 communicating with the main
pipe b by means of a short pipe u so that all the steam and vapours generated during
the process of drying the sludge cake or other material contained in the hopper r will
pass into the main pipe b and thence into the condenser, if such is used, or into the
chimney.
As soon as some of the sludge cake or other material is charged into the
incinerating furnace d some new sludge cake or other material is charged into
the hopper r in order to keep it always full. The incinerating furnace d is also to be
kept fully charged and this is easily done by pushing the charge with one of the
rabbles tor t' down the floor of the furnace d.
The sludge cake or other material having passed from the highest point of the
furnace d to its lowest point that is to say down to the door gets reduced to ash.
At this time the door d¹ is to be opened and the ash dropped into a tramcar or hopper
or on to a revolving table or on to a transporter or elevator by which it may be
ultimately delivered to the stores.
The gases circulating in the furnaces as described above, enflame the dry sludge
cake or other material and the combined heat of the gases from the coke ovens and of
those from the sludge cake or other material being treated makes the incineration
proceed very rapidly.
The incineration proceeds all the more quickly on account of the hot air being
constantly supplied to the incinerating furnaces.
In addition to the rapidity of incineration which is obtained by the introduction of
gases from the coke ovens into the furnaces d another advantage is obtained namely,

page_text: the perfect combustion of some of the gases, some of the greasy and heavy gases given
off from the sludge cake or other material possessing very nasty and disagreeable
smell.
The coke ovens are charged through two openings c³ situated on their top. The
coal is brought to them by small tram cars carried on the platform trucks and
provided as already stated with a hole s¹ in the middle of the platform.
The tram cars are emptied through said hole s¹ into the ovens c, c¹ the coals are
levelled in the ovens in the usual manner, the ovens are then closed and the coking
process takes place in the usual way.
The arrangement of the ovens and furnaces is such that the ash is delivered on to a
lower level than the coke bank in such manner that the manufacture of the ash does
not interfere with the manufacture of coke.
The arrangement of incinerating furnaces may be used with other constructions
and arrangements of coke ovens.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is.
1. The peculiar arrangement and combination of coke ovens c, c¹, incinerating
furnaces d and hoppers r substantially as herein shown and described and for the
purpose stated.
2. Placing each incinerating furnace d between two coke ovens c, c¹ substantially
as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
3. The general arrangement and combination of parts substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.