Year: 1887

page_text: I, JAMES WATERS, of the City of Minneapolis, in the County of Hennipin, and
State of Minnesota, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to "steam generators," and the method of utilizing the steam
and heat generated therein, as hereinafter shown and described, and as illustrated by
the accompanying drawings, in which—
Fig. 1 is a sectional side elevation of the boiler plant, and an outline detail of the
system of engines, pumps, and condensers, used in connection therewith.
Fig. 2. is a plan view, in section on the line X X of Fig. 1 of the boiler plant.
Figs. 3 & 4 are sectional side elevations of the boiler plant, illustrating modifications
in its construction.
A', represents an upright flue boiler, enclosed by brickwork B₁, and with the
furnace B2, beneath it, arranged in the ordinary manner with grate B³.
This boiler A has a drum A2, suspended beneath it, while it is connected at its
upper end to a superheating drumn C, by a large tube C2, this latter drum being
supported at its ends above the boiler A¹, by the brickwork B₁, in a closed chamber B,
as shown.
D', represents another boiler similar to the boiler A', and suspended in an upright
position in the brickwork B', and with its upper end connected by a tube C, to the
superheating drum C, as shown in Fig. 1.
The lower ends of the flues a, in the boiler D', open down into a flue E', leading
into the smoke stack E.
In Fig. 3 the boilers A' D', are shown embedded into the brickwork B', so that all
the products of combustion pass through the smaller flues in the boilers, but the
boilers may be arranged as shown in Fig. 1 with a space b, between their shells and
the brickwork B', for the passage of a portion of the products of combustion, or as in
Fig. 4 with a water leg F, surrounding the main shell, and between which and the
main shell a portion of the products of combustion pass.

page_text: The drum C, is shown in Fig. 1, divided by a diaphragm C, into two parts, so that
each of the boilers A' D', will be connected by its tube C2 C, to a separate super-
heater, while in Fig. 3, the drum is shown formed in two entirely distinct parts.
Either part may be used, as the results are the same.
In the form shown in Fig. 1 the boilers A' D', are shown suspended by rods d,
from the drum C, while in the form shown in Fig. 3, the boilers A' D', are supported
by the brickwork B, and the drum C", supported by the boilers, the difference being
merely that of construction and not effecting the operation of the system of the
generation.
When arranged as in Fig. 1 the heated air, flames, gasses &c. come in contact with
the boilers on all sides, thereby greatly increasing the heating surface.
By this arrangement also the hot air, smoke, and other products of combustion,
pass upward through the flues in the boiler A', 'through the chamber B, where they
envelop the drum C, thence downward through the Hues of the boiler D', into the
flue E, and thence out through the smoke stack E2, as in Fig. 3, or upward through
and around the boiler A', and down through and around the boiler D³, as in
Figs. 1 & 4.
from
The feed water is supplied to the lower part of the boiler D', as shown at
the condenser G, by a pump H', or from a feed water heater where no condenser
is used.
The feed water being supplied at the farthest point from the furnace, will not
influence the heat of the products of combustion until they have passed through the
boilers and an opportunity has been given for the extraction of the heat.
The water will generally bo kept standing in the boilers and the drum as indicated
by the dotted line in Figs. 1 & 4.
H, represents a pump connected to the boiler D', just below its water line by a
pipe g', and to the boiler A¹, by a pipe g², near the bottom of the latter, so that the
water may be taken from the boiler D, at the point of its greatest heat, and dis-
charged into the boiler A¹, at a point far enough removed from its steam chamber to
not effect the steam.
By this arrangement of the boilers I extract from the fuel and the products of
combustion almost absolutely all the heat, and transmit it into the water in the boilers
before the air, smoke, and other products of combustion, reach the flue and smoke
stack E, hence a great economy of fuel results, and no waste heat is discharged
through the smoke stack.
I also claim a great advantage in arranging the second boiler D', so that the smoke
and heated air pass downward through and around it in contact with a constantly
cooling surface, as the air will give up its heat much more fully while thus passing
through the decreasing temperature.
Another point to be noted is that the heated air passes from the hottest toward the
coldest part of the boiler D', i.e., from the boiler A, to the lower end of the boiler D',
where the comparatively cool feed water is fed to the boilers, hence the temperature
of the air is gradually reduced and the heat therefrom transmitted into the water just
where it will accomplish the greatest benefit, the greatest amount of the heat being
transmitted into the boiler A¹.
In other words the flame, smoke, hot gases, and other products of combustion, in
their course through the boiler D', are continuously coming in contact with water of
a constantly decreasing temperature, hence the heat is extracted continuously,
whereas in boilers as heretofore constructed the heated air in passing from one part
of the boilers to the other passes through long sections of the boiler heated to a
uniform temperature.
By my arrangement none of the energy of the heat is wasted in raising the
temperature, but on the contrary all the energy is utilized to beat the water in the
boiler and evaporate it into steam, as the products of combustion, as before stated
are coming in contact with a medium of a constantly decreasing temperature in
their progress through the boiler.
The steam as it is generated in the boiler A', will rise and fill the drum C³, on one

page_text: side of the diaphragm C, in which it will be superheated, and from this end of the
drum the steam will be conducted to the engine M, by a pipe h².
The steam generated in the boiler D', will rise into the drum C₁, on the opposite
side of the diaphragm C, where it will also be superheated, but will not be raised to
so high a temperature, or expanded to produce so great a degree of pressure as in the
other end of the drum C, as the heat coming in contact with the boiler D¹, is not so
great as that coming in contact with the boiler A', having given up a portion of its
heat in passing through the boiler A', and chamber D'
With the ordinary arrangement of the plant the pressure in the boiler A¹, will be
raised to about 120 pounds to the square inch, and in the boiler D¹, to about 10 lbs.
to the square inch, but these pressures may be varied as required.
An important advantage obtained by the manner shown of constructing the boilers
is that no unequal strains occur when first getting up steam, as the heat comes in
contact with all sides equally, consequently all parts will be expanded alike.
Another important advantage gained by this arrangement is that the boiler D',
serves as a precipitator of the sediment in the feed water, as well as a heater for the
feed water.
I have shown in the drawings a system of engines, pumps and condensers, con-
nected to the boiler plant, to illustrate one method of economically utilizing the steam
generated therein.
Engines embodying the "compound" principle can best be used in connection
with this system of generators, although ordinary single engines can also be used.
M1, M2, M3, represent three steam cylinders, with one single piston rod M*, common
to all, and each cylinder provided with its own set of steam chests M5.
I have shown merely the three cylinders and their steam chests, and have not
shown the cranks, connecting rods, slides, &c. as the parts shown are sufficient to
illustrate the invention.
The cylinder M, is smaller in its bore than the cylinder M², and the cylinder M²,
is smaller in its bore than the cylinder M³, being proportioned according to the
pressure of the steam which is supplied to them.
The cylinder M', receives its steam direct from the drum C, through the pipe h¹,
and exhausts through
a pipe 2, into the steam chest M³, of the cylinder M², and is
thus utilized on the compound" principle, to operate the cylinder M².
If the initial steam pressure in the cylinder M³, be about 120 lbs. the initial pressure
in the cylinder M², will be about 48 lbs. hence the exhaust from the cylinder M², can
be readily forced into the drum C, through a pipe 3, above its water line, as the
terminal pressure therein will be about the same as in boiler D', after being expanded
in cylinder M, or M².
The cylinder M³, is supplied with steam from the drum C, by a pipe h, as shown,
and exhausts into the condenser G, the vacuum created thereby in the cylinder M³,
increasing the power of the engine.
If only the two cylinders M¹ M², are used then the exhaust from M', will be
discharged into the drum C, and the exhaust from the second cylinder M2, will be
conveyed into the condenser G.
By this arrangement the steam is used very economically, and very little waste of
heat or steam occurs, the heat. being extracted from the fuel and products of com-
bustion before it reaches the exit flue E', and the steam used over and over again, and
utilized as long as it possesses any power or energy.
The extraction of the heat from.the products of combustion to so nearly an absolute
degree renders it necessary to use an artificial draft to carry off the air, smoke,
gases &c. as the air and gases by the time they reach the stack E, have so little heat
left, in them that they will not rise in the stack of themselves.
I have shown in the drawings a blast nozzle N, beneath the grate B³, to illustrate
the fact that an artificial draft will be generally used.
Any suitable form of fan, air-pump, or other power may be employed to produce
the artificial draft.

page_text: The fan or other draft producing power may be placed in the flue E', or stack E,
if preferred.
By this arrangement of the boiler plant the steam is superheated in the drum C,
before going to the first cylinder M, so that it will do its work without loss by
condensation, and then exhausted into the boiler D', where it is again superheated in
the drum C, so that it will do its work in the second cylinder M2, or M³, without loss
by condensation.
The secondary boiler D', serves the fourfold purpose of a feed water heater,
precipitator for the main boiler A¹, and a reheater and receiver for the exhaust steam
from the first or second cylinders, and as an independent generator for direct steam
supply for the second or third cylinders, and performing all of these functions at the
same time.
Another advantage of the secondary boiler D', is that it receives the exhaust steam
from the first cylinder, or the first and second cylinders, reheats it and returns it to
the second or third cylinders with the addition of what steam is generated within
itself.
Still another advantage gained by this arrangement of the boilers in separate and
distinct relations, is that by carrying steam in boiler A', at about 120 lbs. pressure,
the temperature in A', will be about 345°, and carrying steam in the boiler D¹, at
about 10 lbs. pressure, its temperature would be about 241°, or 104° less than in
boiler A, thence the flame, smoke, hot gases, and other products of combustion, in
passing from and around the boiler A', will pass directly into and around the boiler D',
and into contact with a greatly reduced temperature, which will cause the heat to be
transmitted into the water in the boiler D', very rapidly.
By this construction and arrangement the heat is utilized in a double sense by
being passed from a high pressure boiler after expanding sufficient of its force to
create steam therein for a high pressure engine, through and around another boiler
in which it is utilized to create steam for a low pressure engine.
on
When used to supply steam to a single cylinder engine, or to one not working
the "compound" principle, the boilers A' D', will be connected, and with the exhaust
conveyed into a condenser, or into the open air.
In Figs. 3 & 4 I have shown some modifications of the construction, consisting in
forming a conical water leg F, around the furnace and connecting it with the main
boiler by a large circulating tube F².
In Fig. 4 the water leg F, is carried up around the boiler A¹, leaving a space b, for
the passage of a portion of the flame, smoke, heated gases, and other products of
combustion, so that the boiler A¹, is entirely surrounded by them.
The water leg is also shown forming the outer walls of the chamber B', this being
the form which will be generally employed when used as a marine boiler.
In Fig. 3 the water leg F, extends about even with the lower edge of the boiler A¹,
and is connected to the boiler by circulating tubes F3, in addition to the tubes F2.
The functions and mode of operation of the parts are substantially the same in all
the modifications.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the saine is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is-
1st. The combination of two upright boilers, a flue connecting the upper end
thereof, and a combustion chamber beneath the first boiler, and a smoke conducting
flue leading from the lower end of the second boiler, substantially as set forth, whereby
the heated products of combustion after leaving the first boiler, first encounter the
upper
end of the second boiler and then pass downward in contact therewith, so that
the heated products of combustion as they become cooler come successively in contact
with successively cooler portions of the second boiler.
2nd. In a steam generator a main upright boiler A¹, through which the flame and
other products of combustion pass in an upward direction, a secondary boiler D¹,
distinct from and independent of said main boiler, through and around which the
flame and other products of combustion pass in a downward direction after passing

page_text: upward through the said main boiler, chamber B, above both of said boilers, drum C¹,
connected to said boilers, by tubes CC, said drum being suspended in said
chamber B, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3rd. In a steam generator, a main upright boiler A', through which the flame and
other products of combustion pass in an upward direction, a secondary boiler D',
distinct from and independent of said main boiler and through and around which
the flame and other products of combustion pass in a downward direction after
they have passed through said main boiler, chamber B, above both of said boilers,
drum C, connected to said boilers, said drum being suspended in said chamber C", an
engine comprising a high pressure cylinder adapted to receive steam from said
drum C, or boiler A', and one or more low pressure cylinders adapted to receive
steam from said drum C, or boiler D, a condenser G, connected to said low pressure
cylinder or cylinders, means for supplying said boiler D, at or near its lower end
from said condenser, and means for supplying said boiler A', with water taken from
said boiler D', at or near its water level, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
Data and ambhan 100