Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Aug., 1891-Accepted. 7th Nov
1001
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
I, HENRY RAWSON of 1, Conduit Street, Nelson, in the County of Lancaster,
Loom Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:--
The first part of my invention is designed to prevent the pegs or similar projec-
tions of the pattern surface of dobbies or jacquards from working loose and leaving
the surface, to the danger of seriously damaging the design in the fabric. For this
purpose, I employ wooden lags, similar to those now in use with the exception that
the lags are not pierced with holes. The holes are pierced in a thin plate of steel
or similar material of the length and breadth of the lag, to which it may be attached
by screws.
The pegs, which are preferably of metal, may be cast singly or severally to a
metal base or plate, at suitable distance apart from each other, to admit of the pegs
entering the holes in the steel plate in the order required, to produce the particular
design in the fabric. The pegs are inserted in the holes in the plate previous to its
attachment to the lag, and are held securely in place when the plate is fixed; the
base of the pegs lying between the plate and the lag.
The second part of my invention consists of an arrangement of mechanism_to
raise the catch out of contact with the ratchet wheel of the pattern cylinder
simultaneously with or immediately after the weft is broken or run out, so that
when a fresh filling of weft is placed in the shuttle and the loom again set in
motion, the insertion of the weft will follow in the next shed, or the shed but one
following that in which the spent weft thread was previously laid. This may be
effected through the medium of the weft-fork lever or slide of the stop-motion,
which, when driven back on the absence or breakage of the weft, is made to act
upon an arm connected to a rocking-shaft, which, through an arrangement of levers,
ifts the catch from the ratchet wheel of the pattern surface, arresting the further
movement of the shedding motion.
The third part of my invention is applicable to looms in which a loose reed is
mployed, and is designed to relieve the yarn from undue tension when the shuttle
caught in the shed. To the back rib of the loose reed are fixed the feelers or
evers technically called duck bills" which are also secured to the stop-rod, and
ey pass as usual under inclined stop-pieces when the reed is near the fell of the
loth, to hold the reed when the weft is beating up.
cross the loom, is placed above the inclined stop-pieces, each of which is protected
A shaft or rod, extending
y a suitable shield or lever, secured to the shaft or rod
This rod is made to rotate with each stroke of the sley by feelers acted upon by
e swells, so as to raise the shields from the inclined stop-pieces, when the shuttle
properly boxed; but when the shuttle is caught in the shed, and the swells fail
act, the shields fall upon the inclined stop-pieces, and prevent the duck-bills
in passing under them. The "duck bills
line of the shields, so as to withdraw the back rib from the reed, whilst the loom
are thus compelled to ride upon the
nk is at or near its top centre.
The fourth part of my invention relates to the weft-brake, and is designed to stop
loom, with the sley back, and with the shuttle lodged in the box at the fork side
the loom, when the weft is broken. To effect this object, I connect one end of
arm or lever with the weft-stop-motion, or to the brake-lever, in such a manner
t on the absence or breakage of the weft, the other end of the arm is brought
position to be acted upon by a cam or the like, secured to any suitable movine
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page_text: part, so as to apply additional power or friction to the brake on the return of the
shuttle to the fork side.
The fifth part of my invention relates to rotary shuttle boxes and is designed to
liberate or free the tips of the shuttle from the picker, previous to the rotary
movement of the boxes; and consists essentially in moving the picker to and fro
upon the spindle after the shuttle is boxed, so as to free the picker from the tip of
the shuttle when the boxes commence to revolve. This may be effected by a lever
carried by the sley and acted upon by a suitably shaped cam. The upper end of
the lever, bearing by frictional contact on the side of the picker, imparts thereto a
to and fro movement, so as to obtain the desired effect.
The sixth part of my invention is designed to act as a safeguard against breakage
of yarn and certain parts of the loom, when a shuttle is trapped behind the flap and
grid at the fork side of rotary box looms. Either the shuttle is so trapped, the
weft fork is prevented from passing through the grid, and consequently fails to act
in drawing off the weft fork lever to apply the brake. Although the spring handle
may be thrown from its detent, the loom continues to run for some time until its
momentum is thoroughly spent. It will therefore be obvious that during this time
several shuttles will be discharged into several succeeding sheds, and being lodged
in the warp, damage of a serious nature will occur, owing to the accumulation of
shuttles between the reed and the fell of the cloth; whilst the fabric being woven,
which is frequently of a costly and delicate design, is totally disfigured and rendered
unfit for use. This part of our invention consists in the arrangement of suitable
mechanism which may be acted upon by the swell or any part of the stop-motion
or loose-reed, as well apply the weft-brake when the shuttle is trapped in the
manner above described. One mode of effecting this object may be by the employ-
ment of a shaped lever carried by the sley. The upright arm of the said lever
is in contact with the swell at the fork side of the loom, whilst the extremity of the
horizontal tongue or arm of the said lever is made, by the action of the swell, to
pass over a projection secured to a vertical lever mounted on a stud, fixed to the
loom side, when the shuttle is properly boxed. When however the shuttle is
absent from the box and the swell fails to act, the horizontal tongue of the lever
strikes the projection so as to disengage the fork-lever and apply the brake in the
ordinary manner. To prevent the horizontal tongue from striking the projection
when the shuttle is on the off side of the loom the tongue is raised by means of a
suitably timed cam fixed to the tappet shaft. Another mode of effecting this object
is by the employment of a horizontal tongue or finger secured to the stop-rod, and
arranged to pass under the projection whilst the reed is in place; but immediately
the reed is displaced, the horizontal tongue or finger strikes the projection and
applies the brake.
The seventh part of my invention relates to picking bands, and consists of an
endless band, which may be passed through the slot of the picker, and over the
groove at the extremity of the picking stick, and is held in its place in the groove
by a tension plate or finger. The object of the endless picking-band is that when
one part is worn, another part may be presented to the wearing action of the
picker and the picking-stick.
The eighth part of my invention relates to an adjustable strap-fastner for the
adjustment of picking-bands, check-straps and buffer straps. The fastner is
preferably of wire bent in hook form, and terminates in a cross-piece at its other
end. The hook is drawn through two of the adjusting holes of one of the straps
to be connected, until the cross-piece abuts firmly against the strap and prevents it
from twisting round. The hook-end of the fastner is then passed through two
holes in the other strap.
Dated this 6th day of November 1890.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Looms for Weaving.
I, HENRY RAWSON, 1 Conduit Street, Nelson, in the County of Lancaster,
Loom Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The first part of my invention is designed to prevent the pegs or similar projec-
tions of the pattern surface of dobbies or jacquards from working loose and leaving
the surface to the danger of seriously damaging the design in the fabric.
The second part of my invention consists of an arrangement of mechanism to raise
the catch out of contact with the ratchet wheel of the pattern cylinder simultaneously
with or immediately after the weft is broken or run out so that when a fresh filling
is placed in the shuttle, and the loom again set in motion the insertion of the weft
will follow in the same shed, or the next shed following that in which the spent
weft thread was previously laid.
The third part of my invention is applicable to looms, in which a loose reed is
employed; and is designed to relieve the yarn from undue tension when the shuttle
is caught in the shed. To the back rib of the loose reed are fixed the feelers or
levers, technically called duck bills," which are also secured to the stop rod, and
they pass as usual under inclined stop-pieces when the reed is near the fell of the
cloth to hold the reed, when the weft is beating up. A. shaft or rod extending
across or partially across the loom is acted upon by the swell, and made to rotate
on the absence of the shuttle from the box, so as to present a shield in such a
manner as will prevent the "duck bills" from passing under the inclined stop-pieces.
The duck bills are thus compelled to ride upon the incline of the shields, so as to
withdraw the back rib, and relieve the reed from pressure whilst being dislodged.
The fourth part of my invention relates to the weft brake, and is designed to
stop the loom with the sley back, and with the shuttle at the fork side of the loom,
when the weft is broken. To effect this object, I attach an arm to the weft stop
motion or to the brake lever, in such a manner, that on the absence or breakage of
the weft the other end of the arm is brought into position to be acted upon by a
cam or the like secured to any suitable moving part of the loom, so as to apply
additional power or friction to the brake on the return of the shuttle to the fork
side of the loom.
The fifth part of my invention relates to rotary shuttle boxes, and is designed to
liberate or free the tips of the shuttles from the picker, previous to the rotary
movement of the boxes; and consists essentially in moving the picker to and fro
upon the spindle after the shuttle is boxed, so as to free the picker from the tip of
the shuttle when the boxes commence to revolve. This may be effected by a
lever carred by the sley, and acted upon by a suitably shaped cam. The upper end
of the picker bearing by frictional contact on the side of the picker imparts
thereto a to and fro movement, so as to obtain the desired effect.
The sixth part of my invention is designed to act as a safeguard against the
breakage of the yarn and certain parts of the loom, when the shuttle is trapped
behind the flap and grid at the forked side of rotary box looms.
The seventh part of my invention relates to picking bands, and consists of an
endless band, which may be passed through the slot of the picker and over the
groove at the extremity of the picking stick. The object of the endless picking
band is that when one part is worn another part may be presented to the wearing
action of the picker and the picking stick.
The eighth part of my invention relates to an improved strap fastner for the
attachment and adjustment of picking bands, check straps, and buffer straps.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a wooden lag provided with pegs, and securing plate
in accordance with the first part of my invention.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a plan of the lattice, shewing the arrangement of the pegs upon the
same; the securing plate being removed.
Fig. 3 is a detached view of the securing plate.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent respectively end and side elevations of a power loom, in
which is represented the second part of my invention, designed to arrest the move-
ment of the pattern surfaces when the weft is broken or run out.
In this view
is also represented the fifth part of my invention designed to relieve the tips of the
shuttle from the picker previous to the rotary movement of the boxes.
Fig. 6 represents an endless picking band, and its mode of application in
accordance with the seventh part of my invention.
Fig. 7 represents an end elevation of a power-loom, in which is represented the
third and fourth parts of my invention.
Figs. 8 and 9 represent respectively a back and plan view of the end of the sley
at the fork side of the loom, shewing arrangements for preventing the shuttle-
especially in rotary box looms-from passing behind the grid and flap in accordance
with the sixth part of my invention.
Fig. 10 represents my adjustable strap fastner.
In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 is represented a novel mode of securing metal pegs to the
wooden lags of a pattern surface. A represents a wooden lag of a lattice or pattern
surface, having two rows of pegs on each lag as in the Hattersley dobby. The
pegs B, which are preferably of metal may be cast singly or severally as represented
in Fig. 2 to a metal base B, and are held securely in place, and prevented from
falling from the lags of the pattern surface by the plate C, which is laid between
the two rows of pegs of each lag, and secured by screws to the lag, so as to bear
firmly upon the bases of the pegs, as seen in Fig. 1.
The second part of my invention as represented in Figs. 4 and 5 for arresting
the movement of the pattern surface of the dobby, simultaneously with or imme-
diately after the weft is broken or run out may be thus described-In Figs. 4
and 5, D is a vertical rod which is raised by a vibrating arm E, and depressed by a
spring E. This arm is secured to a rocking shaft K, which is actuated from a
crank on the second motion or tappet shaft of the loom. To this rod D is attached
catch G (seen in Fig. 5), which engages with the teeth of the ratchet wheel H
of the pattern cylinder.
The actuating catch J of the taking up apparatus may also be attached to this
rod, which has an extent of motion little more than the length of a tooth of the
ratchets Hand I, so that the respective ratchets will be moved a tooth; the
one with each elevation, and the other with each depression of the vertical rod D.
To arrest the motion of the pattern surface when the weft is broken at the
setting on side of the loom, I connect a cord E3 from the retaining catch L of
the taking-up motion, seen in Fig. 4 to catch G, seen in Fig. 5. When, therefore,
the weft fork fails to act through the absence or breakage of the weft, the retaining
catch L of the taking-up motion is raised out of contact with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel I in the ordinary manner to arrest the take up, and the opposite end
of the said retaining catch being depressed tightens the cord E³, thereby removing
the catch G from the ratchet wheel H of the pattern cylinder.
As will be readily seen from the following description, the rod D may also be
utilized to arrest the movement of the actuating catches G and J, when the weft is
broken at the opposite side of the loom to that of the ordinary weft fork. From
the previous description, it has been made perfectly clear that the vertical rod D is
raised by the vibrating arm E, and depressed by the spring E'; and that the
catch J is actuated by the tension of the spring E' reasserting itself; whilst the
catch G, during the descent of the rod D, cannot engage with a fresh tooth of
the ratchet H, unless the rod D descends to its fullest extent. Now, it will be
perfectly obvious that if the descent of the vertical rod D under the reaction of the
spring E were obstructed by some means when the weft was broken at this side of
the loom, the catches G and J would remain inoperative.
To effect this object, I employ an additional and independent weft-fork F, shewn

page_text: gs. 4 and 4ª, in close proximity to the rod D and at the contrary side of th
loom to that of the ordinary weft fork, but which nevertheless rises and falls b
the same means as the ordinary weft fork. To this additional and independer
weft fork is jointed a short and light link F', which acts as a stop-piece by slidin
5 on its bracket and stopping the descent of the rod D by engaging in the sneck E
of the said rod, when the weft is broken.
The motion with simplicity may be described as follows:-
additional weft fork raised by the intersection of the weft between the said forl
-When this new an
and its grid, the short link F is thereby drawn back or doubled up out of the way
of the traversing sneck E, and the vertical rod D is not obstructed in its traverse
as seen in Fig. 4. Should, however, the weft be broken or absent at this side of
the loom, the said additional fork will fail to act in withdrawing the link F
from the traversing sneck E², thereby obstructing the descent of the rod D, and
rendering it incapable by loss of motion of actuating the catches G and J, as seen
5 in Fig. 4.
In Fig. 7 is represented the third part of my invention applicable for looms, in
which a loose reed is employed. The reed M is held in place by the finger N, to
which is secured the back rib N' bearing against it.
The fingers N and the "duck bills" N2 are secured respectively to the tube N3,
which is mounted on the stop-rod O, as seen in Figs. 7 and 8. The "duck-bills
pass as usual under the inclined stop-pieces N1, when the reed is near the fell of the
cloth to hold the reed, whilst the weft is being driven home. The shaft or rod O
extending across or partially across the loom is acted upon by the swell O', through
the medium of the finger 02, secured to the stop-rod O, to which is also secured
the stop rod tongue O (Fig. 7). This tongue is raised when the shuttle is in the
box clear of a projection P, fixed to a short shaft P', to which is also fixed cam P³,
the duck bills " N acting in the ordinary mauner under the incline stops N.
But, should the swell O fail to raise the tongue (3, the latter strikes the projec-
tion P, raising upwards the cam 1, which serves as a shield to prevent the "duck-
bills from passing under the incline stops N. The duck bills" by the eccentric
movement of the can or shield P² are raised sufficiently to release the reed
without depending on the pressure or nip of the shuttle, when trapped in the shed.
When this arrangement is applied to rotary box looms, I employ the slide bar Q,
which is raised by the tumbler R, so as to keep the stop-rod tongue O³ clear of the
projection P, when the shuttle is on the rotary box side of the loom.
39
In Fig. 7 is also represented my improved weft brake. S represents the brake
ever, to which is fixed blade spring S', capable of being acted upon by the revolving
part S2, when the brake lever is released by the stop motion on the breakage of
he weft, so as to bring the loom to a dead stand with the shuttle at the fork side,
nd the loom crank at the back centre; the revolving part S² being suitably timed,
o as to apply additional brake force for this purpose.
The fifth part of my invention is represented in Fig. 5 and is designed to liberate
free the tip of the shuttle in rotary box looms from the picker previous to the
tary movement of the boxes. For this purpose, 1 employ the lever U, to the
per end of which is fixed a blade spring U, which bears gently against the picker,
hen the latter is forced back by the shuttle against it.
parted to the lever U by the cam U through the medium of lever Us and
A slight movement is
k U. The latter has an elongated slot at its points of connection to the lever U,
ainst which the lower part of the slot bears immediately before the termination
the stroke of the cam U, so as to suddenly push forward the picker and the
ttle, when the former is immediately drawn backwards by the spring Us, from
tip of the latter before the boxes commence to rotate. The amount of move-
nt of the picker in liberating the shuttle is determined by reducing more or less
loss of motion in the elongated slot of the link U', which is made adjustable by
rtening or lengthening the said link, which may be effected by constructing the
in two parts, and screwing one part upon the other.
he sixth part of my invention is represented in Figs. 7, 8 and 9, and is designed

page_text: to act as a safeguard against the breakage of yarn and certain parts of the loom,
such as the temple fixings, when a shuttle is trapped behind the flap V and grid V',
at the fork side of a rotary box loom. This may be effected through the medium
of swell O, which is in contact with finger O, secured to the stop rod O, to which
is also secured the tongue 03. When the shuttle is present in the box, the
tongue ³ is raised out of contact with a projecting piece, attached to and projecting
downwards from the weft-fork lever so as to be in close proximity with the said
tongue whilst the crank is at or near the front centre, but, should the shuttle be
absent from the box the tongue will strike the projection of the fork-lever,
simultaneously throwing off the spring handle from its detent, and liberating the
brake-lever S to apply the brake. In some cases I connect the flap V to blade
spring arranged so as to throw out the flap, unless it is overpowered by the
finger V³, secured to the tubular shaft N³. When the shuttle misses boxing, the
finger V3 is withdrawn as the reed is being thrown out, the spring V² reasserting
itself bringing back the flap at the same time. The reed being thus thrown out by
the nip of the shuttle, causes the stop rod tongue to strike the projection attached
to the fork lever as above described; throwing off the spring handle, applying the
brake, and bringing the loom to a state of rest.
:
The seventh part of my invention consists of an endless picking band W (shewn
in Fig. 6) which is passed through the slot of the picker and over the groove at the
extremity of the picking stick W, and is held firmly in its place by a tension plate
or finger W, having temple teeth or the like struck upon its surfac, which bears
against the picking band, so as to prevent any possibility of the picking band being
drawn back by the pick when a fresh surface is presented to the wearing action of
the picker and the picking stick.
Fig. 10 represents my adjustable strap fastner X, which is preferably of wire
bent in hook form, and terminates in a cross piece or head, at its other end. The
adjoining straps are connected in the manner shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The employment and use of pegs cast singly or severally to a metal base and
secured to the lags, substantially as described and illustrated.
2. Removing or arresting the actuating catch of the pattern cylinder, substantially
as described and illustrated.
3. The combination of mechanisn
removing or arresting the actuating catches
of the pattern cylinder and taking up motion, and the obstruction of the descent of
the feelers, substantially as described and illustrated.
4. The mode of relieving the reed from pressure by means of the swell when the
shuttle fails to box, substantially as described and illustrated.
5. The employment of a cam to apply additional brake force substantially as
described and illustrated.
6. In rotary box-loonis, the liberation of the tip of the shuttle from the picker,
previous to the rotary movement of the boxes, substantially as described and
illustrated.
7. The mechanism for preventing breakages of yarn and certain parts of the
loom, substantially as described and illustrated.
8. The employment of an endless picking band retained firmly upon the picking
stick by means of a finger or tension plate having a serrated or roughened surface
substantially as described.
9. The improved strap fastner substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 6th day of August 1891
THOS. RICHMOND,
Agent...