IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEM- PERATURE OF AIR IN HOLDS, SALOONS, AND CABINS OF SHIPS, AND IN RAILWAY VEHICLES, HOTELS, THEATRES, HALLS, FACTORIES, HOSPITALS, SLAUGHTER- HOUSES AND OTHER INTERIORS."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bell and Joseph James Coleman, both of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEM-
PERATURE OF AIR IN HOLDS, SALOONS, AND CABINS OF SHIPS, AND IN RAILWAY
VEHICLES, HOTELS, THEATRES, HALLS, FACTORIES, HOSPITALS, SLAUGHTER-
HOUSES AND OTHER INTERIORS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bell and Joseph James
Coleman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July
1879.
JAMES BELL and JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR
COOLING AND REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF AIR IN HOLDS, SALOONS, AND
CABINS OF SHIPS, AND IN RAILWAY VEHICLES, HOTELS, THEATRES, HALLS, FAC-
TORIES, HOSPITALS, SLAUGHTER-HOUSES, AND OTHER INTERIORS."
This Invention relates to apparatus or arrangements of the kind described in the
Specifications of two Patents dated, one 15 March 1877 (No. 1034), and the other
1 October 1878 (No. 3862), and both granted to Henry Bell and the present
applicants.
The present Invention has more particularly for its object to obtain a nearer
approximation than hitherto to uniformity of temperature and condition throughout
the various parts of the ship's hold, meat room, or other interior by employing what
may be termed a supplementary circulation in such interior, it having been found
that the circulation due to the continuous introduction of cooled air from the com-
pressing and reexpanding machinery does not always bring about the desired
uniformity. A comparatively vigorous circulation is especially desirable when the
interior is occupied to a greater or less extent with articles which tend to retard
or obstruct the air currents, as happens in rooms in ships in which meat is
conveyed.
The Invention consists in employing a fan or other blowing machine, and which
may be conveniently driven froin the flywheel or a pulley on the crank shaft of the
steam engine which works the air-compressing machinery. Ducts, pipes, or passages,

page_text: with branches if necessary and separate openings, are fitted in connection with the
fan or blower, so as to draw the air from one or more parts of the interior, and to re-
inject-the-air-into-one-or-more-other-parts-thereof.
The primary ducts, pipes, or passages into which the cooled air first passes from
-the-compressing and reexpanding machinery on its way to be distributed by branch
For-other-pipes to various parts of the interior are found to become excessively cold,
and to cause a greater cooling action-in their neighbourhood than is necessary or in
some cases desirable. This inconvenience is obviated, according to the present
Invention, by constructing or applying the supplementary circulation-passages
bereinbefore referred to, or a sufficient part of them contiguously to the cold-air
passages, or so as to cover the parts or sides thereof; for example, each cold-air duct,
pipe, or passage may be within a larger duct, pipe, or passage, the space in the
latter surrounding the former being a passage for the supplementary-circulation
current, which current will consequently become cooled to a certain extent, and
thus, whilst preventing excessive cooling action in the neighborhood of the cold-air
passage, will facilitate and equalise the general cooling action throughout the interior.
In some cases it will be more convenient for the supplementary-circulation passage
to as it were cover or enclose only a part, as, for example, the top and side of the
cold-air passage when this is at the lower corner of the room, or the bottom and side
when the cold-air passage occupies an upper corner.
When the cooled air is delivered into a meat room in a ship or other interior
through thin casings having continuous narrow openings along the tops, such casings
being at the sides of the room, according to one of the arrangements described in the
later of the two Specifications hereinbefore referred to, similar casings are by the
present Invention constructed for the delivery of the supplementary-circulation
currents into the room, and are interposed between the cold-air casings and the sides
of the room, so as to prevent waste of cooling action on the sides or walls. These
vertical delivery casings may be in addition to supplementary-circulation casings
covering or enclosing the horizontal cold-air ducts on the sides, which would other-
wise be exposed to the interior of the room.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Bell and Joseph James Coleman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st January 1880.
JAMES BELL and JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR
COOLING AND. REGULATING THE TEMPERATURE OF AIR IN HOLDS, SALOONS, AND
CABINS OF SHIPS, AND IN RAILWAY VEHICLES, HOTELS, THEATRES, HALLS, FAC-
TORIES, HOSPITALS, SLAUGHTER-HOUSES, AND OTHER INTERIORS."
Our said Invention relates to apparatus or arrangements of the kind described in
the. Specifications of two Patents dated, one 15 March 1877 (No. 1034), and the
other 1 October 1878 (No. 3862), and both granted to Henry Bell and the present
applicants.
The present Invention has more particulary for its object to obtain a nearer
approximation than hitherto to uniformity of temperature and condition throughout
the various parts of the ship's hold, meat room, or other interior by employing what
may be termed a supplementary circulation in such interior, it having been found
that the circulation due to the continuous introduction of cooled air from the com-
pressing and reexpanding machinery does not always bring about the desired
uniformity. A comparatively vigorous circulation is especially desirable when the
interior is occupied to a greater or less extent with articles which tend to retard
or obstruct the air currents, as happens in rooms in ships in which meat is
conveyed.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be most readily understood, we at once proceed to explain the same with the
aid of two Sheets of explanatory Drawings, which are hereunto appended. In these
Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
The Invention consists in employing a fan or other blowing machine 44, as shown
in Figures 1, 2, and 3, on Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings, which
may be conveniently driven from the flywheel or a pulley on the crank shaft of the
steam engine which works the air-compressing machinery. Ducts, pipes, or passages
45, with branches if necessary and separate openings, are fitted in connection with
the fan or blower 44, so as to draw the air from one or more parts of the interior,
and to reinject the air into one or more other parts thereof.
The primary ducts, pipes, or passages 41 into which the cooled air passes from
the compressing and reexpanding machinery on its way to be distributed by branch
or other pipes 42 to various parts of the interior are found to become excessively
cold, and to cause a greater cooling action in their neighbourhood than is necessary
or in some cases desirable. This inconvenience is obviated, according to our present
Invention, by constructing or applying the supplementary-circulation passages
herein before referred to, or a sufficient part of them contiguously to the cold-air
passages, or so as to cover the parts or sides thereof, as shown at 46 on the Drawings;
for example, each cold-air duct, pipe, or passage may be within a larger duct, pipe,
or passage, the space in the latter surrounding the former being a passage for the
supplementary-circulation current, which current will consequently become cooled
to a certain extent, and thus, whilst preventing excessive cooling action in the
neighborhood of the cold-air passage, will facilitate and equalise the general cooling
action throughout the interior.
In some cases it will be more convenient for the supplementary-circulation passage
to as it were cover or enclose only a part, as, for example, the top and side of the
cold-air passage, as at 46, when this is at the lower corner of the room, as at the
left-hand side of Figure 2, or the bottom and side when the cold-air passage occupies
an upper corner, as at the right-hand side of Figure 2.

page_text: When the cooled air is delivered into a meat room in a ship or other interior
through thin casings 43, having continuous narrow openings along the tops, such
casings being.at the sides of the room, according to one of the arrangements described
in the later of the two Specifications herein before-referred to, similar casings 47 are
by our present Invention constructed, as shown in Figure 3, for the delivery of the
supplementary-circulation currents into the room, and are interposed between the
cold-air casings 43 and the sides of the room, so as to prevent waste of cooling
action on the sides or walls. These vertical delivery casings 47 may be in addition
to supplementary-circulation-casings 48, covering or enclosing the horizontal cold-
áir ducts 41 on the sides, which would otherwise be exposed to the-interior of the
room.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but that what we believe to be novel and
original and claim as the Invention secured to us by and in terms of the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The combining of supplementary-circulation apparatus with the refrigerating
machinery, such apparatus comprising a fan or blower drawing air from the interior
and redistributing it therein by pipes, ducts, or passages, substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described.
2. The constructing of the pipes, ducts, or passages for the supplementary-circu-
lation currents contiguously to or so as to cover the main pipes, ducts, or passages
through which the cooled or reexpanded air is passed, substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josepli James Coleman, on behalf of the said
James Bell and myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twentieth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
J. J. COLEMAN. (LS.)