IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE- MENT OF OVENS HEATED BY GAS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Thompson, William Henry Thompson, and
William Joseph Booer, all of Queen Square, Leeds, in the County of York,
for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE-
MENT OF OVENS HEATED BY GAS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Thompson, William
Henry Thompson and William Joseph Booer at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1882.
DAVID THOMPSON, WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, and WILLIAM JOSEPH BOOER,
all of Queen Square, Leeds, in the County of York, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS OF OVENS HEATED BY GAS, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Whereas Letters Patent dated 20th April 1881 No. 1710 were granted to the
said David Thompson and William Henry Thompson, and an application dated
13th January 1882 No. 190 for provisional protection has been made by the said
David Thompson and William Henry Thompson, for certain improvements in and
relating to the subject matter of such Letters Patent. Now this our Invention
relates to further improvements in such Inventions, and has for its object the
adaptation of the same to bakers' ovens, and to other useful purposes in addition
to, and other than, those mentioned in the Specifications filed with such Letters
Patent and application respectively.
In the construction of ovens in accordance with this our said Invention,
we arrange the same with flues above, below, at the sides, front, and at the back
thereof.
The internal portion of the oven is formed with bakers' tiles, or with firo brick,
or with other suitable materials, according to the purpose for which it is required,
and the heated gases and products of combustion are prevented from entering the
oven where the operation of baking is effected.
A number of transverse, parallel, Hues are constructed above the oven, alternately
open at one end to receive atmospheric or other gas burners, and at the other end

page_text: (
alternately leading into the side flues, down which the heated gases pass to other
transverse parallel flues constructed under the bottom of the oven. These latter
Blues have a central longitudinal flue into which all the transverse flues open,
and along which central Hue the heated gases pass to the back of the oven, and
from thence to the main flue or chimney. In cases where an equal or greater
amount of heat is required below the floor of the oven than is afforded by the
above described arrangement, the lower transverse parallel flues under the floor
of the oven are alternately, or otherwise, open at one end to receive atmospheric
or other gas burners, and at the other end are in communication with other
suitable flues for conveying away the products of combustion after the heat has
been utilised. The central longitudinal flue being in this case not required.
We use gas burners attached to suitable main gas pipes, and fitted with
regulating taps or cocks, as described in the said Specifications No. 1719-8 and
No. 190 by preference; but we do not confine ourselves to the use of such
burners; and the number and extent of the main pipes and burners are suited
to the purposes to which the oven may be applied and the varying amount of heat
required.
A suitable damper is fitted to the flue in order to regulate the draught, and
other dampers are sometimes fitted to shut off or open the communications between
the respective flues.
The longitudinal flue or flues into which the delivery ends of the transverse
flues open, in order to carry away the spent gases may be arranged in the sides of
the oven, instead of under the floor, where the regulation of the heat requires such
an arrangement.
The usual iron door and frame are suitably fitted, and we prefer to line the door
with fire brick in order to prevent loss of heat by conduction.
The whole of the oven and flues are enclosed and built into suitable brickwork
or masonry, or other suitable material; thus preventing the dissipation and loss of
heat, and rendering the oven economical in fuel.
In order to utilize the heat more effectually we sometimes add an additional
oven, which is heated by the gases from the main or principal oven.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said David Thompson, William Henry Thompson and William
Joseph Booer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd August 1882.
DAVID THOMPSON, WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON and WILLIAM JOSEPH BOOER
all of Queen Square, Leeds in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENTS OF OVENS HEATED BY GAS, AND IN,
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.”
Our Invention relates to certain improvements founded upon those for which
Letters Patent dated 20th April 1881 No. 1719 and 13th January 1882 No. 190
were granted to the said David Thompson and William Henry Thompson; and has
for its object the adaptation of such improvements to bakers' ovens and to other
useful purposes in addition to and other than the Specification filed with such
Letters Patent respectively.
In the construction of ovens in accordance with this our said Invention, we
arrange the same with flues above, below, at the sides, front and at the back
thereof. The internal portion of the oven is formed with bakers' tiles or with firo
brick, or with other suitablo materials according to the purpose for which it is
required, and the heated gases and products of combustion are prevented from
entering the oven where the operation of baking is affected.
A number of transverse, parallel flues are constructed above the oven alternately
open at one end to receive atmospheric gas burners or other gas burners, and at
the other end alternately leading into the side flues, down which the heated gases
pass to other transverse parallel flues constructed under the bottom of the oven.-
These latter flues have a central longitudinal flue into which all the transverse
flues open, and along which central flue the heated gases pass to the back of the
oven, and from thence to the main flue or chimney.
In cases where an equal or greater amount of heat is required below the floor of
the oven than is afforded by the above described arrangement, lower transverse
parallel flues are constructed under the floor of the oven alternately or otherwise,
open at one end to receive atmospheric or other gas burners and at the other
end are in communication with other suitable flues for conveying away the products
of combustion after the heat has been utilised.
We use gas burners attached to suitable main gas pipes and fitted with regulating
taps, or cocks, as described in the said Specifications No. 17191 and No. 1908,
by preference, but we do not confine ourselves to the use of such burners; and the
number and extent of the main pipes and burners are suited to the purposes to
which the oven may be applied and the varying amount of heat required.
A suitable damper is fitted to each main Bue in order to regulate the draught,
and other dampers are sometimes fitted to shut off or open the communications
between the respective flues.
The longitudinal flue or flues into which the delivery ends of the transverse
flues open, in order to carry away the spent gases may be arranged in the sides of
the oven instead of under the floor, where the regulation of the heat requires such
an arrangement.
The usual iron door and frame are suitably fitted to the front of the oven and
we prefer to line the door with firebrick in order to prevent loss of heat by
-conduction.
The whole of the oven and flues are enclosed and built into suitable brick work
or masonry or other suitable material thus preventing the dissipation and loss of
heat, and rendering the oven economieul in fuel.

page_text: We support the roof of the oven upon 1 iron or other suitable metallic supports
where necessary which allow for the expansion and contraction of the materials
and we also use metallic joints where necessary to secure the masonry being duly
bound together under the varying conditions of temperature. In order to utilize
the heat more effectually we sometimes add an additional oven, which is heated by
the gases from the main or principal oven.
For baking ordinary bread we arrange the ovens so that the burners are placed
above the level of the ceiling of the oven, the lower burners not being used. By
this arrangement the internal heat of the oven is greatest next to the ceiling; this
excess of heat over that next to the floor being generally about 100 degrees Fahr:
This favors the proper rising of the bread during the process of baking.
Other viands require an equal heat at the floor to that above and for this
purpose burners and flues are arranged to impart such heat to the floor as well as
to the ceiling, sides, front and back-In small ovens the flues are sometimes
dispensed with at the front and back ends in cases where there is not sufficient
space to construct such flucs.
We sometimes construct superposed ovens, that is, one above another, the lower
oven sometimes requiring a lower degree of heat than the upper and utilizing
and receiving the residuum of heat from the upper oven, or if necessary, the heat
may be suitably increased by means of additional gas burners.
And in order that our said Invention may be clearly understood reference is
made to the accompanying Drawings, illustrating some of our arrangements,
wherein similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several
Figures.
Fig 1 is a front view of an oven for baking bread, pastry &c., drawn to a
larger scale than the rest of the Figures. aa are the gas pipes, cocks and burner
tubes, any number whereof may be fitted to suit the degree of heat required-b is
the back flue or chimney and c is the damper for regulating the general draught―
Other dampers are also fitted, where required, according to the number and
character of the flues, and for the purpose of attaining any requisite degree of heat
at any portion of the oven.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line A A of Fig: 5 each of the burner
tubes a a is shown entering into one of the flues d d a short distance. The flame
is carried along these flues to the farther ends of the Blues at e, e, where it enters
the side descending flue, which may or may not be similarly divided (by preference
these divisions are omitted thus making each side flue a single chamber) Fig: 4 is
a sectional elevation on the line B B of Fig 5, and Fig 5 is a sectional elevation on
the line D D of Fig 1. The heated gases pass down the side flues ƒ ƒ and enter
the parallel flues g g (Figs 4 and 5) under the floor of the oven. These flues havo
divisions as shewn, extending to a short distance from the central line, along which
another division is made, longitudinally as shown at g', Figs 3 and 4. Fig 3 being
a horizontal section on the line c c of Fig: 5.
In Figs 3 and 4 the limits of the transverse directions are also shewn. From
the central divisions below the oven floor the heated gases pass away on each
side of g' to the chimney or main flue, the velocity of the currents being regulated
by the damper c.
The arrangement of oven above described requires the gas to be laid on at the
flues situate above the roof of the oven only, and therefore the gas fittings shewn
at a' a' Fig 1 may in this arrangement be omitted.
In cases where an equal or a greater degree of heat is required under the floor
of the oven, to that above, the arrangement shewn in Figs 6 and 7 is adopted.
Fig 6 being a longitudinal sectional elevation, and Fig 7 a transverse sectional
elevation.
In these Figs. additional burners a' and flues d' d' are shewn similarly con-
structed to those above as shown at d d. Figs 4 and 5, which flues d¹ d' lead into
side flues ƒ¹ ƒ¹ from whence the heated gases pass away to the chimney.
Fig 8 is a sectional elevation of a double oven, one above and one below-The

page_text: flues d d lead to the flues g g in the manner hereinbefore explained and the flues
d' d' are led by means of suitable side flues to the lower flues g' g', the whole
being so arranged as to allow the exhausted gas to pass away to the chimney.
Suitable dampers are arranged in one or more of the passages in order to shut off
or open the communication of the heat thereto; and also in order to allow the hent
from the lower oven to pass upwards to and suitably heat the upper oven, or vice
versa. Either of these ovens may.be by these means inade hotter than the other,
or the heat of both may be equalised.
The flue in the several Figures is for the purpose of carrying off heated air,
when the attendant has opened the oven door, such heated air readily entering the
flue when opened in consequence of the draught to the chimney.
The flap i shewn in Fig 8 is for the attendant to stand upon when attending the
upper oven, and this flap is sometimes raised in order that the attendant may stand
in the pit when attending to the lower oven.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we wish it to be
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the use of a single gas flame to each
flue, nor to the precise arrangements of flues shown on the Drawings, but what we
claim and desire to be secured to us is as follows:-
1. The combinations of parts forming respectively our improved bakers ovens
having the heated flues applied thereto substantially in the manner and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and shewn on the Drawings.
2. The use in ovens of our improved arrangement and construction of separate
flues to gas burners, in combination with the several other flues, for receiving and
distributing the heat arising from the combustion of gas substantially as and for
the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn on the Drawings.
In witness whereof we have hereunto set our hands and seals this second
day of August in the year of Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty
two.
DAVID THOMPSON.
WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
WILLIAM JOSEPH BOOER.
(L.S.)