matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH FISHING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Allison and William John
Hunter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1879.
RICHARD ALLISON and WILLIAM JOHN HUNTER, both of Ipswich, in the County
of Suffolk. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH FISHING."
The first part of our improvements consists of a method of suspending the nets,
fishing lines, or other apparatus for fishing, and this we do in the following
manner
To the upper line of the net we attach tubes or cylinders, or a combination of
both, and inflate them with air by means of the end cylinder being arranged for
this purpose having suitable valves, or by any other well known method of air pump
or bellows, so that the whole series of cylinders, tubes, or their equivalents shall be
distended with sufficient air to support such net, fishing line, or other apparatus
used in fishing and prevent their sinking when too full of fish, or in the event of
being broken adrift shall float.
We do not confine ourselves to any particular shape or form of cylinder, globe,
or bulb, nor the material of which the cylinders, globes, or bulbs shall be made.
We claim as the first part of our Invention the application of cylinders, globes, or
tubes to fishing apparatus, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-
before described.
The second part of our Invention consists in the application of electricity or
galvanism for the purpose of illuminating the interior of tubes from which the air
is exhausted, and known as Geissler tubes, and these tubes we suspend in the front
of the fishing nets, or in the neighbourhood of fishing lines, or other apparatus for
fishing or catching fish, such tubes to be supplied with electricity from suitable
batteries on board fishing vessels, or from buoys in such situations as may be
desirable for attracting the fish.
We do not confine ourselves to the use of the Geissler tubes or to any other
form of shewing the electric spark under water.
One such other method consists of tubes of glass of any form, and upon the inner
surface of which is placed a number of small discs of tin foil or other metal, the end

page_text: ones being in contact or nearly in contact with the battery wires, so that the spark
shall jump or pass from one disc to another and so illuminate the interior of the
tube.
Or any form of incandescent electricity may be employed; such as any kind of
wire made red, or any heat in an enclosed glass tube, or any tube made of any 5
other substance through which light may pass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WRIST AND OTHER STUDS OR SOLITAIRES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Southgate at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1879.
THOMAS SOUTHGATE, of Burton Crescent, in the County of Middlesex, Gun
Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WRIST AND OTHER STUDS OR
SOLITAIRES."
This Invention relates to that class of studs or solitaires which is formed with a
detachable back, for the purpose of facilitating the application of the stud to the
wrist band, the object being to simplify the construction of the stud, and to prevent
the parts from becoming accidentally detached. In carrying out my Invention I
make the front of the stud hollow, that is, with a top plate and under plate, fitted
together so as to leave a space between them for the reception of spring catches,
which are to connect the front and back together. Attached to the back plate is
a hollow neck or tubular stem to receive a divided stem which stands up from the
back of the stud. This divided stem is formed with catches which project laterally
from the stem, and are slightly tapered to admit of their entering the hollow neck
before mentioned. When the divided stem is thrust home, the catches which have
yielded to the pressure of the neck will spring outwards and catch against the back
plate.
To provide for the release of the back from the front a cap piece with a conical
edge is provided; this cap piece is situate in the centre of the top plate, and is
free to slide therein. It will receive the centre portion of the ornamental device
with which the stud is provided. The internal diameter of the conical part of the
cap piece is such that when pressed down it will force inwards the catches, and
thereby disengage them from the back plate. When this is effected the pieces
composing the stud may be drawn apart and disengaged from the wrist band."
As a modification of this Invention I make the divided stem of the back from a
bar formed with a catch at its opposite ends, such catches projecting from opposite
edges of the bar. When this bar is doubled on itself, and the catches are brought
side by side, they will be in the right position for catching onto the back plates, and
they will present to the tubular stem of the head a double incline for that stem to
press on, but without any space in the centre of the divided stem for the edge of
the tube to enter, as in the first example, when the attachment of the stud is being
Din 71

page_text: hastily effected. Instead of using a conical cap piece for disengaging the catches
from the back plates, I may form the front of the stud of a shell, and fit therein a
loose top plate which carries a hollow cone for acting on the catches. This will
allow of the complete ornamental device being formed in one piece instead of in
two pieces, as in the first described arrangement, and will give the stud a more
sightly appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FISH JOINTS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomson King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1879. A communication
from abroad by Pulaski T. Madison, of Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana,
one of the United States of America.
JOHN THOMSON KING, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FISH JOINTS OF RAILWAYS." [A communication from
abroad by Pulaski T. Madison, of Indianapolis, in the State of Indiana, one of the
United States of America.]
The object bere is to so combine and arrange the rails at the ends, the fish plates,
and the securing screwed bolts, that the joint shall be permanent and durable and
free from the liability of the loosing of the bolts and fish plates, which hitherto has
been such a source of expense and in some cases of danger.
The rails (for which the combination is mainly applicable) may be of any ordinary
form and the fish plates formed to fit them. To secure the whole together I pass
screwed bolts through one fish plate and the rail and screw such bolts into the other
fish plate. These bolts are split at their leading ends, and when screwed home to
their normal fastening position are splayed or opened so as to cause them to hold
tightly.
A second part of the Invention consists in using bolts with right and left screws
or threads thereon, such bolts being placed one of each kind after the other, or in
each joint some of each kind.
The Invention is applicable to rails at present in use, it being only necessary to
provide screwed split bolts and one screwed fish plate for each joint. The Invention
is applicable to bridges and other structures as well as to rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BATHS, TANKS, OR CISTERNS AND ANALAGOUS DOMESTIC AND SANITARY APPARATUS, INCLUDING STABLE FITTINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1879.
GEORGE SMITH, of the Firm of George Smith, and Company, Sun Foundry,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF BATHS, TANKS, OR CISTERNS AND ANALAGOUS DOMESTIC AND
SANITARY APPARATUS, INCLUDING STABLE FITTINGS."
This Invention which relates to improvements in the construction of baths,
tanks, or cisterns, and other analogous or sanitary apparatus, consists in the
making of the outer parts of such vessels of cast iron or other metallic plates,
which are united together by dove-tail or equivalent joints, the said joints being
made water-tight by running or ramming in cement or other packing. The
interior of such plates are lined with decorated or non-decorated tiles, or glass, or
marble, or equivalent material, the plates or pieces of which are affixed to the
metallic plates by cement. The inner surfaces of the plates are formed with
grooves, projections, or studs, or such sufaces may be ragged or otherwise
roughened for the purpose of securely holding the cement. On joining such plates
together in the manner hereinbefore described, a bath, tank, or analagous vessel is
produced, lined with tiles, glass, or marble, on its interior.
By means of this Invention, baths, tanks, or analogous vessels, made in one
piece of cast iron or other metal, may be lined with tiles, glass, or marble, and the
same Invention also applies to the lining of mangers, troughs, and other stable
fittings.
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUSPENDING MEAT AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FOOD DURING THE ROASTING OR TOASTING OPERATION
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Stevenson at the
"
IMPROVEMENTS
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1879.
HENRY EDWARD STEVENSON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR SUSPENDING MEAT AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF FOOD DURING THE ROASTING OR TOASTING OPERATION."
This apparatus is more especially applicable in roasting joints or other flesh
meats before the fire, but may also be used with slight modifications for other
articles of food requiring to be placed in a similar position for toasting purposes.
The apparatus consists of a bar or bracket, which is so arranged at one end that
it can be hooked on to the firebars; such hooked or gripping part is capable of
adjustment, so that it can be regulated to suit the various widths of firebars. I by
preference so arrange the position of the bar with regard to the hooked or gripping
end that when resting on the bar it projects outwardly therefrom in an upward
diagonal direction, that is to say, the outer end of the bar or bracket is higher
than the end resting upon the firebar. At the outer end of the bar I provide a slot,
through which the hook may be passed, and at different positions on the projecting
bar recesses are formed to receive the hook on which the meat or other article of
food is suspended, and the hook can be moved from one recess to another for the
purpose of varying the distance from the fire, and is also so arranged that when
resting in any of the recesses it may be turned round in any direction, so as to
bring all the meat in direct contact with the heat of the fire.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING AIR FOR THE EVAPORA- TION OF LIQUIDS IN CHEMICAL AND OTHER MANUFACTORIES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Courtenay Kingsford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1879.
COURTENAY KINGSFORD, of Upper Clapton, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturing Chemist. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING AIR FOR THE EVAPORA-
TION OF LIQUIDS IN CHEMICAL AND OTHER MANUFACTORIES."
My Invention relates to the utilization of heated air for effecting the evaporation
of liquids in chemical and other manufactories, and for all purposes where ateam is
now employed for the evaporation of liquids.
One important feature of this Invention is the saving of fuel by using the heat
produced in coke and other ovens or furnaces for heating the air which is to be
used for the evaporation of the liquids.
The following is an example of the manner in which my Invention may be
carried into practice in connection with coke ovens:-In this case I use a suitable
reservoir or vessel constructed of boiler plate or other suitable material which is
arranged to surround or is placed in close proximity to the said coke ovens. Cold
air is forced into this vessel and is heated therein to the required temperature and
the heated air can be taken therefrom and used as required by means of suitable
pipes provided with regulating valves. This heated air is conducted into the vats
or tanks containing the liquid to be evaporated and is blown or forced into the
same through suitable nozzle or apertures properly arranged to direct the air in the
most advantageous manner into the liquid.
By this manner of using the heated air I not only effect the evaporation of the
liquid but provide for the agitation of the same, without the use of the costly
appliances ordinarily used for the agitation of liquids during the evaporation of the
same for the above or similar purposes. I may also provide in combination with
the apparatus for introducing heated air, means for introducing cold air into these
liquids for agitating and evaporating the same.
It will be obvious that the price realized by the sale of the coke produced in
the said ovens will equal or nearly equal the cost of the fuel and that the
evaporation and agitation of the liquid will be effected by the heat which if not
so used would be wasted or lost. Therefore the cost of the fuel heretofore necessary
for generating steam for evaporating the liquids and driving the agitating
mechanism will be saved.

page_text: The same advantages may be obtain by the use of air heated by any other
furnaces or ovens used for any manufacturing purposes; the heat produced by the
fuel used for the primary purposes of the said furnaces or ovens instead of being
allowed to escape or pass into the atmosphere is further utilized to heat the vessel
or reservoir into or through which the cold air is forced, and in which the same is 5
heated as above described.
AN IMPROVED EXTEN- SIBLE CLASP OR FASTENING FOR ALBUMS, PRAYER BOOKS, BIBLES, PORTFOLIOS, SCRAP BOOKS, REGISTERS, AND SIMILAR OBJECTS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1879. (A communication from
abroad by Frédéric Guillaume Marx, of Paris, France, Manufacturer of Morocco
Leather Goods.)
$5
THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents. AN IMPROVED EXTEN-
SIBLE CLASP OR FASTENING FOR ALBUMS, PRAYER BOOKS, BIBLES, PORTFOLIOS,
SCRAP BOOKS, REGISTERS, AND SIMILAR OBJECTS." (A communication from abroad
by Frédéric Guillaume Marx, of Paris, France, Manufacturer of Morocco Leather
Goods.)
The object of this Invention is a new or improved clasp for closing books such
as albums, prayer books, bibles, portfolios, scrap books, and registers, and it is
designed to obviate the inconveniences caused through the introduction of addi-
tional leaves, cards, or pictures into the book, which thereby increases in size and
becomes thicker than the width of the clasp which cannot therefore be closed or
fastened, and is rendered useless and inconvenient.
According to this system the clasp is capable of extension, so as to adapt itself
to the increased thickness of the book to which it is attached, this result being
obtained by forming the clasp of two parts, one of which slides in the other, being
connected to it by springs.
The construction and the action of this arrangement are as follows:-
The clasp or fastening is composed of two parts. The two branches or ends of
a horse shoe shaped or upper part enters into two tubes of the lower part jointed
to one of the sides of the album.
The tubes are soldered on to a socket through which a hinge pin. passes. This
hinge pin is fixed to a mounting which is fastened to the leather or other cover of
the album by the usual means.
In the interior of the tubes are spiral springs, each fastened at one end by a pin,
the other end being attached to the branches or ends of the horse shoe, the springs
constantly tending to pull these branches or ends toward the hinge.
The horse shoe shaped part of the clasp is passed over a button or projection on
the other side of the album cover.
As the album or other book increases in thickness through use or through the
insertion of papers, photographs, or other objects, the clasp or fastening extends,

page_text: the springs yielding to a certain limit which may be as much as two centimetres
for-large-books-or-registers. The springs may be flat instead of formed in spirals,
the result being the same.
A-lock may be combined or added to the clasp or fastening, the box or body of
the-lock being in this case fixed to the branches or ends of the horse shoe, and ¦
moving with them when they are extended.
Clasps or fastenings constructed according to this system may be made of any
size or shape, and may be ornamented-in any desired manner; the various details
may also be modified without departing from the object of the Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO HOSE AND PIPE COUPLINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Casson Nicholson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st January 1879.
JOHN CASSON NICHOLSON, of No. 208, Vauxhall Road, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO HOSE AND PIPE COUPLINGS."
This Invention has for its object the construction of simple, durable, and efficient
hose or pipe coupling easily connected, and by its construction protected from
injury by rough usage, and consists,
—
First. In protecting the screw of the male coupling by a deep flange formed
round the coupling at the roof of the screw.
Secondly. In forming a groove in the swivel nut to receive the rubber or other
washer, which forms the joint between the coupling pieces.
Thirdly. In forming lugs on the side of the swivel nut, and notching the flange
of the male coupling to correspond, the male coupling thus acting as a key for
screwing up.
Couplings constructed according to my Invention are lighter than ordinary
couplings, and therefore do not tend to destroy the hose; besides the above
advantages they are cheaper, and through the screw being kept perfect and the
washer retained in its seat they are very quickly coupled, whereas in ordinary
couplings the screws get damaged, and the swivel nut looses the washer, thus
much valuable time is lost, and great annoyance caused in cases of emergency.
The expense of rechasing the damaged screws of ordinary couplings is entirely
dispensed with by the use of this coupling.
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ZINC
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Eade at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1879.
JAMES EADE, of Waltham New Town, in the County of Herts, Plumber.
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF ZINC."
"IM-
The object of this Invention is to remove from plates and other form of zinc its
natural rigidity and consequent frangibility, which render it difficult to work, and
greatly limit the range of its use. In order to impart to zinc ductibility,
approaching to that of lead, I subject it to the following treatment:-
:-
Supposing sheet zinc is the material to be treated I prepare a bath of linseed oil,
and into it I plunge the zinc plates, subjecting the same to the action of oil while
in a state of ebullition for 30 minutes, more or less, according to the thickness of the
metal; I then remove the plates from the bath, and after the oil is drained therefrom
I clean their surfaces, when they will be ready for the market.
Plates treated after this manner will be found to possess great ductibility, and to
be capable of receiving and retaining a high polish; they may be employed in lieu
of lead or pewter at a great reduction of cost for a variety of purposes, as for
example, the linings of sinks and cisterns, and the covering of counter and other
surfaces requiring a protective metallic covering.
It is proposed to treat other articles than plates in a similar manner to that above
described to facilitate the working of the same into various forms.
AN IMPROVED STEAM FERRY FOR TIDAL AND OTHER RIVERS FOR CARRYING ALL KINDS OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AND RAILWAY PASSENGER AND GOODS TRAINS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Lindsay Henderson at the Office
of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1879.
PETER LINDSAY HENDERSON, of 14, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Associate of the Institution of Civil Engineers. "AN IMPROVED STEAM FERRY FOR
TIDAL AND OTHER RIVERS FOR CARRYING ALL KINDS OF VEHICULAR TRAFFIC AND
RAILWAY PASSENGER AND GOODS TRAINS."
According to this Invention it is proposed to construct a slipway upon piles on
either side of the river, which will stretch below low water line to a depth of
seven feet, and upon which a tramway will be laid. On this tramway will be
placed an oveable platform of sufficient dimensions and strength to support the
weight of the ferry steamer, and fitted with engine power sufficient to move the
platform or rails up or down as may be needed. The ferry steamer is a flat-
bottomed boat, double ended, and about 80 by 40 by 6 feet, drawing only four feet
of water with about 100 tons on board, and propelled at both ends by double screws
ensily disconnected for manoeuvring purposes. The modus operandi is as follows:-
When the steamer approaches the slipway, the moving platforms are lowered to
such a depth as to allow four feet nine inches of water on the top of the lower part
of the platform or shelf, and after the vessel is moored the small engine of the
upper platform, which is geared to the tramway, moves the platform so far up as to
ground the vessel about six inches. After this is done, the vessel being in proper
position, the centre gear in connection with the engines of the steamer is then
lowered, and when also geared to the tramway the main engines are started, and in
two and a half minutes the platform and steamer, with its freight, moves up the
tramway to the level of the street, a distance of 288 feet from low water level, and
up an incline of one in nine. As the tide rises the time occupied is proportionately
lessened. The passengers and cargo, consisting of vehicles, with their freight and
horses, railway trucks, and other heavy traffic, thus received and delivered on a
level with the streets with ease and expedition, entirely saving the time and hauling
which would otherwise be wasted in traversing the long and difficult route to the
nearest bridge, in order to reach the opposite shore of the river.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING OR HOLDING SLIDING WINDOWS, SASHES, OR OTHER SIMILAR SLIDING BODIES IN THEIR CLOSED OR MORE OR LESS OPEN POSITIONS, AND RETARDING THEIR SLIDING MOVEMENT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alban Rhodes and John
Sullivan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March
1879.
GEORGE ALBAN RHODES and JOHN SULLIVAN, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SECURING OR HOLDING
SLIDING WINDOWS, SASHES, OR OTHER SIMILAR SLIDING BODIES IN THEIR
CLOSED OR MORE OR LESS OPEN POSITIONS, AND RETARDING THEIR SLIDING
MOVEMENT."
This Invention has for object the securing or holding sliding window sashes or
other similar sliding bodies in their closed or more or less open positions, and
retarding their sliding movement, for which purposes we use a sliding bolt and a
friction wheel or roller both pressed towards the sliding window sash or body to be
secured or arrested by a spring, and with the sliding bolt we combine a lever
arrangement, whereby it may be moved in the contrary direction so as not to
interfere with the sliding movement of the sash or other body. The bolt end is
inclined or curved, and suitably inclined recesses are provided in the sliding sash or
body so that it may be freely moved in one direction (controlled by the friction
roller or rollers), but, unless the sliding bolt be held back by the lever arrangement,
will be arrested when moved in the contrary direction by the bolt end entering one
or other of the recesses formed for the purpose.
The recesses may be so formed that a sectional view of the series will somewhat
resemble a ratch. Thus the apparatus may be so arranged as to permit of an upper
sash which is more or less open being readily closed, but to prevent its being opened
wider than the position in which it is held by the sliding bolt without first operating
the lever arrangement. In like manner a lower sash whilst free for closing may be
prevented from being opened wider than the position in which it is held without
first operating the lever arrangement.
Boxes, cases, or castings are provided for the bolt, friction, wheel, or roller and
spring, and for the lever. These may be fixed to the frame in which the sash or
sliding body moves, the recesses being formed in the sash or sliding body as already
described; or the arrangement may be reversed, that is to say, the recesses may be
in the stationary frame, and the bolt, friction wheel, spring, lever, and other parts
be secured to the sliding sash or body.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES AND ATTACHMENTS THERETO FOR MILITARY OR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry McClintock Alexander at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1879.
HENRY MCCLINTOCK ALEXANDER, of Coleraine, in the County of Londonderry, a
Captain in the Royal Navy. « IMPROVEMENTS IN SPADES AND ATTACHMENTS
THERETO FOR MILITARY OR OTHER PURPOSES:"
The improvements consist in making the blade to fold, and of two or more pieces
hinged together on a taper or other shaped hinge pin or fastener, said hinge pin
or hinged part of the blades being rendered capable of receiving and holding a
detachable or other stock or handle, also a cross bolt and spreaders for keeping the
blades open when unfolded and intended for use; also in combination with such
improvements making the stock or spade handle hollow, and to receive a bayonet
or sword, and serve as its sheath; also in arranging existing rifle stocks, or making
them specially for the purpose to receive and hold the said spade blade therein
when folded. In some cases the spreaders may be placed on the spade stock, the
spade end of which may be made in metal, and have grooved hinged pieces thereon
that can be folded down and secure the tops of the blades, and serve for the feet
rest; also the spade stock may have hinged pieces at its top to fold down and serve
as a cross piece for the hand. The spade stock may be made of ash, and hollowed
to receive the bayonet, and it may be shod with metal, and have pieces or wards
thereon to fit into corresponding spaces in the hinge or hinge pin of the spade,
bayonet fastener fashion; or it may be otherwise constructed so that the various
parts may be readily and firmly put together.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN VETILATING ROOMS BY MEANS OF THE WINDOWS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Potts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th October 1879.
WILLIAM POTTS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN VETILATING ROOMS BY MEANS OF THE WINDOWS."
This my improved system of ventilation consists essentially of two parts, viz.,
inlet for the supply of pure air, and outlet for the removal of vitiated air, and in
the application of either or both of them.
The novelty and utility of this my said Invention consists in removing portions
of the glass in window sashes at the highest point for the extraction or exit of the
vitiated air; and for the entrance of pure air at or about the lowest point in the
spaces where the glass has been removed, I occupy, by arranging metallic mouldings
with perforated surfaces, and of any design suitable to my purpose, but so shaped
as to allow of the escape of heated air at the upper part of the window, and the
introduction of atmospheric air at the lowest part with draught avoided or
nearly so.
An amount of pure fresh air is thus furnished, so as to maintain the atmosphere
of the building or apartment of an uniformly pure or wholesale quality, equal or
nearly equal to the condition of the external air, the entire system being, selfacting
and regulating.
The quantity of air entering or passing from the room is determined by the
currents, and these currents are governed by the variation of temperature, and to
these laws of nature my said Invention is designed.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ATTACHMENT TO CAVALRY OR OTHER HORSES TO FACILITATE THEM CROSSING STREAMS AND RIVERS WITHOUT THE RIDERS DISMOUNTING
Year: 1879

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gardner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1879. A. communication
from abroad by Camille Vasseur, of Boulevard des Capucines, Paris, in the
Republic of France.
HENRY GARDNER, of No. 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent.
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ATTACHMENT TO CAVALRY OR OTHER HORSES TO
FACILITATE THEM CROSSING STREAMS AND RIVERS WITHOUT THE RIDERS
DISMOUNTING." A communication from abroad by Camille Vasseur, of Boulevard
des Capucines, Paris, in the Republic of France.
The object of this Invention is the construction, arrangement, and application of
flexible air tight, and in some cases waterproof apparatus to be fitted on each side
of a cavalry or other horse, and supported in position partly by girth and other
straps, and partly by the rider who can inflate the apparatus at will by a pump or
inspirator forming part of the apparatus and attached to the saddle in order that
he can not only cause the horse to float but also carry the rider upon its back.
Whereby in the case of a troop of cavalry having to cross a deep stream or river,
it can do so without breaking the military formation, the horse or horses being
free to float and swim.
For the purposes of this Invention two long air tight bags or appliances with
both ends of each closed, and with the bodies of them shaped to fit against the
front of the rider's legs from the knees downwards, and the fore lions of the animal
against which the bags are retained by a girth strap connecting them, another strap
being arranged at the upper ends (of the bags) which can be buckled or hooked to
the saddle on either side of the cheeks of same.
A tube of air tight material is attached to the upper end of each bag or flexible
appliance, the opposite ends of the tubes being affixed to the lower sides of a pump
or inspirator. This pump is attached to the saddle in such a maner that the rider
can by a reciprocating action upon its top plate, which is provided with a valve,
charge the bags with air to the desired extent and form buoyant bodies on each
side of the animal sufficient to support the horse and its rider, the inspiration or
charging of the bags being effected while on the march and without necessitating a
halting to dismount
To release the air the rider has only to turn a thumb button when the bags will
collapse and be no obstruction to the ordinary movement of the animal or man.
CRUETS OR VESSELS FOR SALT AND OTHER CONDIMENTS OR OTHER POWDERED SUBSTANCES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tidmarsh at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JOHN TIDMARSH, of Romford, in the County of Essex.
CRUETS OR VESSELS FOR SALT AND OTHER CONDIMENTS OR OTHER POWDERED
SUBSTANCES."
The primary object of this Invention is to keep salt or other condiments used at
meals clean and in proper condition and free from dust, dirt, or atmospheric
influences.
For this purpose I provide the salt cruet or other vessel with a cap of a square
section and provided with two slits in one of its sides, one above the other; to
each slit I accurately fit a slide and connect the two slides to a lever fitted or
formed with a spring and having its fulcrum between the two slides. The tendency
of the spring is to close the upper slide, while the lower slide just enters and fills
its corresponding slit; by pressing on the lever the reverse action takes place
whereby the salt or other condiment can be discharged as required. In order to
ensure a tight fit and easy working, I prefer to inake the lever with oval joint pin
holes.
This Invention is also applicable to vessels containing gunpowder or other
powdered substances, and may at the same time serve to measure definite quantities,
the distance between the slides being made in accordance therewith.
The cap may be screwed or tightly fitted or otherwise secured to the top or
neck of the vessel. In some cases I make the bottom of the vessel to screw on or
fit tightly for convenience of filling and cleaning.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR SECURING TOGETHER PAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur William Lovell Reddie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1879. A
communication from abroad by Edward Forrest Miller, of the City and
State of New York, United States of America.
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR
SECURING TOGETHER PAPERS AND OTHER ARTICLES." [A communication from
abroad by Edward Forrest Miller, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.]
This Invention is applicable as a substitute for a seal or other means of fastening
letters and their envelopes and wrappers of paper or other material for packages
of various kinds. It is also applicable for fastening papers together, for attaching
and securing together various parts of heavy garments, and for securing the edges
of lap joints, or seams in various articles. It may also be used in many cases as a
substitute for an ordinary rivet.
The Invention consists in a hollow metal rivet or rivet like fastening having a
closed or covered crown or tip, such rivet or rivet like fastening being composed of
sheet metal drawn or otherwise wrought into the form of a cup with a contracted
neck and a flanged rim, the flange of the rim forming the head of the rivet.
To apply this rivet or fastening holes for its reception are made in the paper or
other material, such holes being preferably star shaped, so that after the tip of the
rivet or fastening has been pushed or inserted through them their edges may close
around the contracted neck.
After the insertion of the rivet or fastening its closed crown or tip is crushed
inwards or flattened so as to cause it to spread or lap over the edges of the holes,
and to clamp the paper or other material against the flange or head.
IMPROVED COMBINED SAFE AND TABLE, DESK, or Case
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry John Fieldus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1879.
HARRY JOHN FIELDUS, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
IMPROVED COMBINED SAFE AND TABLE, DESK, or Case."
" A NEW OR
My Invention relates to a new or improved combined safe and table, desk, or
case for the stowage and preservation of papers, deeds, and valuables of all kinds in
a more convenient and handy manner than is the case with the detached and heavy
safes in common use.
It consists in the combination and use of a safe or safes constructed and adapted
in shape and requirements to those of a table, desk, or case. For instance, in the
case of an office table the cupboards or drawers forming the side supports to the
table will be constructed as safes in a similar but modified manner to those at
present used. The table and its drawers may also be made fireproof or safe.
Supported on the top and at the back of the table may be arranged (or not) pigeon
holes or a series of cases or cupboards collected together, and either complete in
themselves or surrounded by a fireproof or safe casing or fiame, and provided with
doors arranged either separately to each hole or case, or with one door hinged to the
frame and closing the entire series, or the separate doors may be combined with the
outer door if desired.
The Invention is also applicable to book cases, bureaus, and all other articles of
furniture intended for the stowage of documents and valuables.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS HOLDERS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Wareing at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1879.
BERNARD WAREING, of No. 68, Northwood Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Jeweller. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' DRESS HOLDERS."
My Invention relates to ladies' dress suspenders so constructed as to firmly grip
and securely fasten the dress. According to my Invention the fastening of my
dress holder consists broadly in the employment of a round bar or wire running
through a hole or aperture formed in the dress holder, the position being according
to the shape of the holder.
The bar is made with two opposite sides plain to enable it to pass freely up and
down and through the aperture, its opposite sides having notches or corrugations
into which the ends of a piece of spring metal fall to hold the bar securely in its
position, such spring being fastened to the box or outside of the aperture or the bar
may pass through a box with teeth at its own outer edge, which teeth fit firmly
into the notches, and so hold the bar in position.
What I desire to protect is the employment of the notched or corrugated bar
fastened by spring pressure in the construction of a dress holder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BATH FITTINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Finch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd July 1879.
BENJAMIN FINCH, of No. 181, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Sanitary Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BATH FITTINGS."
My Invention has for its object improvements in the fittings of baths for the
supply of water thereto and the discharge of same.
Hitherto it has been customary to introduce valves for the supply placed on or
near to the floor of bath room, and having an extension of the valve or cock spindle
made by means of rods passing upwards and through the bath top, terminating
there in a dial plate and levers, this being complex, insecure, and liable to derange-
ment without being seen or discovered.
To overcome this I propose to dispense with such connections, rods, and gear, to
raise the valves or cocks to the level of the bath top, there to appear above and be
connected together by an outlet chamber terminating in a flushing fan, there blending
the hot and cold water before entering bath.
This fan is recessed into and screwed to underside of bath capping board, and so
placed it discharges the water over top edge of bath, thus avoiding the present bad
practice of cutting holes in the bath. This arrangement also makes it applicable to
any existing bath, and simplifies much the fixing in position.
For the outlet or waste I propose to introduce a plug at bottom of bath, raised by
a lever from beneath, which lever works in a spherical joint formed in the exterior
of pipe, and arranged to work water tight at this bearing, thus avoiding the necessity
of a chain inside of bath for raising the plug.
This appliance I propose as equally applicable to lavatory. basins, now so badly
wanted.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE ELEVATOR FOR LOADING AND UN- LOADING GRAIN AND OTHER CARGOES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
A communi-
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th May 1879.
cation from abroad by Alvin Woodward Lanphere, of the City, County, and
State of New York, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVED PORTABLE ELEVATOR FOR LOADING AND UN-
LOADING GRAIN AND OTHER CARGOES." [A communication from abroad by Alvin
Woodward Lanphere, of the City, County, and State of New York, United States
of America.]
The object of this Invention is to furnish an improved portable elevator for
removing grain, coal, and other similar substances from the holds of vessels and
from other places.
According to this Invention the elevator is provided with and driven by engines
permanently attached to the sides of its casing, and to the end parts of the sides of
the casing are pivotted rollers, around which passes an endless belt which is pro-
vided with buckets. Rods are attached to the belt or to the buckets, the ends of
which rods project beyond the edges of the belt, and rest upon guides to prevent
the belt from sagging and tearing off the buckets. One pair of the guides are
attached to the upper parts of the sides of the casing to support the part of the belt
that is moving upward, and the other pair are attached to the lower parts of the
sides of the casing to support the part of the belt that is moving downward.
The guides should be faced with metal to prevent wear. To the journals of the
upper roller are attached cranks or crank wheels, to the crank pins of which are
pivoted the ends of connecting rods, the other ends of which are pivoted to the ends
of the piston rods of the steam cylinders, into which steam may be introduced
through flexible pipes from a boiler upon the dock or upon the vessel, as may be
convenient. The engines being rigidly attached to the casing of the elevator they
will always be in proper position for driving, at whatever inclination the said
elevator be adjusted. To the lower side of the upper part of the casing is attached
the spout, through which the grain or other substance is discharged. Bails are
connected to the upper and lower part of the casing to receive the ropes, by means
of which the elevator is suspended and adjusted.

page_text: The elevator may be suspended from a yard arm of a vessel, from a derrick, or
from any other suitable support; or it may be permanently connected with a scow
or other vessel.
With this construction the clevator, when not required for use, can be readily
taken down and laid aside; or it may be carried upon the vessel, and used when
the said vessel is to be loaded and unloaded.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF CASES OR RECEPTACLES FOR HOLDING CIGARS, CIGARETTES, LUCIFERS, AND ARTICLES."
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Jellicoe Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1879.
DAVID JELLICOE BAKER, of College Place, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Silversmith. "IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF CASES
OR RECEPTACLES FOR HOLDING CIGARS, CIGARETTES, LUCIFERS, AND
ARTICLES."
OTHER
The object of this Invention is to construct and arrange cases or receptacles
specially for holding cigars, cigarettes, or lucifers, but applicable for holding other
articles in such way that a more ready access shall be had to the contents of such
cases or receptacles than with those cases or holders now in use.
For this purpose the case or receptacle is composed of two inner cases,
compartments, or holders fitting into an outer case, or case proper, and hinged
thereto in such manner, that when they are opened they fall from their respective
portion of the outer case, the one from the edge or side thereof, the other from one
of the ends thereof.
The first inner case, compartment, or holder, that destined for holding cigars or
cigarettes, is the one, which by preference falls or opens from the edge or side of
the case proper and when open it lies at an acute angle thereto as such angle and
position of hinging cause the articles in this inner case to be so presented as to be
readily taken therefrom.
The second inner case, compartment, or holder, that for holding lucifers or fusees,
is, as before mentioned, situated at one of the ends of the case proper, and when
open also lies at an acute angle to the outer case or case proper in order that its
contents may likewise be so presented as to be readily taken therefrom. The
friction plate or notched or serrated portion against which the lucifers are ignited
is formed on or fixed to the outer face of the cover of this inner case (which also
forms the cover of one of the ends of the case proper) so that it is at once presented
to the hand taking the lucifer, and one has not to turn over the case to look for the
friction plate, as is now generally done with the lucifer or fusee cases at present
in use.

page_text: Springs behind the inner cases, compartments, or holders, drive them outward
as soon as they are released from their case proper, which is effected by depressing
a stud or button acting on a catch or hook retaining them in place when closed.
Instead of constructing and arranging the cases or receptacles with two inner
cases, one for cigars or cigarettes and the other for lucifers, they may be constructed 5
with only one inner case, and employed according to their size, either as a cigarette
or cigar case, or as a lucifer or fusee case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING AND REMOVING PILES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Raleigh Glover at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1879. (A communi-
cation from abroad by Jacques Sechehaye, of Paris, France, Engineer.)
GEORGE RALEIGH GLOVER, of 30, Saint George's Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING AND REMOVING PILES."
(A communication from abroad by Jacques Sechehaye, of Paris, France, Engineer.)
In the ordinary methods used for driving piles, the ground before the end of the
pile or piles is displaced by the pointed shape of the shoe of the piles, and by dint
of hammering on the top of the piles either by tups, or steam cylinders acting as
such, or even sometimes by hydraulic pressure. These systems appear to answer
generally well in mud, clay, and similar soils, but not so well in sand and gravel;
the material in these latter cases appearing to displace itself laterally to make room
for the pile only with some difficulty.
According to this Invention the pile or piles being properly pitched, a tup of a
certain weight is lowered on to it and presses it down notwithstanding its
buoyancy; a strong current of water induced by centrifugal pumps or otherwise, is
then forced out by means of a proper pipe just at the end of, and slightly in front
of the pile end; it immediately disperses the sand before the pile end, producing a
hollow into which the pile sinks; but the current being kept running a regular
stream is created from the bottom of the pile running up against its sides which
carries away all the material from before the pile end, the pile therefore sinks
gradually and without any blows being given to it.
The same system applies to the raising of old piles, the water pipe is brought
alongside of the pile or piles and makes its own way down to the end or ends of
them, which having become liberated of the surroundings by the action of the water
current, generally suddenly float up of their own accord or may he pulled up very
easily.
This system may be utilized for foundations of all sorts.
The novelty of this Invention consists in the use in the manner described of a
current of water to disintegrate and remove from before the pile and the material,
which the said pile would have otherwise to displace by sheer force.