IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Wilson, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MECHANICAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 31st December 1870, and dated the 14th July 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Wilson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1870.
I, HENRY WILSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
:-
OTHER.
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the utensils
used in breweries, distilleries, & other places known as refrigerators,
attemperators, and so forth.
The first part consists of an apparatus by which worts or other liquids:
are cooled or heated. I fasten a series of tubes of copper or other -

page_text: suitable metals of a round, oval, or flat shape round a centre cylinder
or axle in form of an elongated water wheel. On each end of this
cylinder or axle I fix a perforated plate of metal to receive the ends of
the series of tubes, securely fastening them to these plates. In the
centre of these plates are conical bosses perforated with a number of
apertures which lead to divisions fastened on the outer surface of the
plates, forming partitions dividing the plates into spaces, in which one,
two, or more tube ends are fixed. These spaces serve as conduits for
the cooling or heating liquid to pass from the centre conical boss into
the tubes, the whole being covered with a suitable lid, having india-
rubber joints to render each division perfectly water-tight. Into the
centre conical bosses I fit conical plugs, in which there are two or more
perforations corresponding in size with the aperatures in the bosses. The
plugs are ground perfectly into the bosses, and secured by stuffing boxes
fixed in a suitable stand of cast iron or other material, so that they
remain stationary while the ends containing the tubes revolve upon
them. The liquid to be cooled or heated enters at the centre of the
plug by the union, and passing out through the aperture enters the tube
or tubes by the conduit formed by the partitions, and passing along the
inside of one or more of the tubes is discharged at the other end by a
similar contrivance. I sometimes by preference use a flat disc having
one or more apertures in it so constructed that the cooling or heating
fluid enters at the back of this disc, and passes into the tubes as they
come opposite to the apertures, and is discharged in like manner at the
other end, the cooling water or other fluid being either supplied by
gravitation or pumped through the apparatus by a pump worked by the
shaft that gives motion to the worm wheel. The revolving motion is
given to the tubes by a worm wheel fixed on one end, and worked by a
worm or other suitable motive power. The fluid requiring to be cooled
or heated is conveyed to the side of the apparatus, and discharged in a
thin flat 'stream upon the outside of the tubes, the spaces
between which
becoming filled with the fluid, and the cooling or heating fluid passing
through the inside of the tubes, imparts its cooling or heating influence
to the fluid on the outside, which is slowly carried round and deposited
in the trough underneath the apparatus. I sometimes construct the
centre plug with two or four apertures in it, so that a greater or less
quantity of cooling or heating fluid may pass through the tubes during
each revolution. I also sometimes instead of placing the tubes in the
form of a water wheel use them in the form of a worm revolving in a
.

page_text: shallow trough also formed in a spiral shape, the cooling fluid entering
at one end inside the worm, and the fluid requiring to be cooled running
in the opposite direction, and vice versa. I also sometimes construct the
apparatus by forming a cylinder or drum having an inside case; the
cooling or heating fluid passes between the inner and outer case, which
are made to revolve in the fluid requiring tọ be heated or cooled.
The second part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
constructing refrigerators of the class for which Letters Patent were
granted to Henry Bridle, of Bridport, in 1860, No. 887. I use by pre-
ference tubes constructed by joining together a series of small size flat
tubes so as to produce one large flat tube of the depth required. This
plan I adopt for the purpose of producing a flat tube of sufficient
strength to stand the requisite pressure. These tubes I connect at the ends
in the following manner:-I form a half round bend of a flat tube suffi-
ciently large to admit of the straight lengths of flat tube being soldered
or brazed into it, and forming when together an elongated U pipe. On
the other ends of this U pipe I fix a flange of copper or other suitable
material, or I sometimes bend the tubes out of one length, and form
the U pipe all in one piece. I then construct a frame of cast iron or
other suitable material having perforations in it to receive the ends of
the U pipe, which project a short distance through the flanges. On the
back of this I cast a series of recesses for the purpose of receiving elastic
packing. I fix the U pipes in this frame by the flanges before named,
and connect the alternate ends of each by hollow caps of cast iron or
other materials; these caps fit into the recesses containing the elastic
packing, and are screwed up perfectly tight in such a position that each
cap forms a communication from the one U pipe to the other through
the whole length of the apparatus. I also sometimes connect two or
more sets of U pipes into one cap, causing one stream of water to flow
through two or more sets of pipes instead of only one; the whole is
then fixed in a strong frame. Or I sometimes fix the pipes in a flange
at each end, and fix them into a cast-iron frame of similar construction
to the one before named. Fixing them in this manner is to facilitate
the removal of any single tube or set of tubes for the purpose of repairs,
or removing without lifting the whole of the utensil, as is necessary in
other refrigerators when they require any repairs. In order to produce
the alternate under and over motion of the fluid on the outside of the.
tubes I fix plates of metal across the utensil from side to side between

page_text: the tubes, each alternate plate being fixed to the bottom of the utensil.
The plates coming between these alternate ones are fixed about an inch
clear of the bottom, so as to allow a passage under them for the fluid;
the next plate being fixed on the bottom causes the fluid to rise up
round the tubes, and falling over this plate produces the alternate over
and under motion that is obtained in other refrigerators by fixing each
alternate tube higher than the other, or by fixing a web or fin on each
alternate tube. The motion of the fluid outside the tubes may be
altered from under and over to a zig-zag motion by forming an opening
under the bottom to each alternate tube at one end. The fluid then
passes along the whole length of each tube, and through this opening
passes back on the other side, and so on back and forwards to the end
the
of the utensil, where it is discharged in any suitable manner,
apparatus being constructed so as to combine both the plans in one
when required.
•
The third part of my Invention consists of an improved method of
draining the utensil. I fix a tube along the whole length of the one side
of the apparatus; this tube is connected to the bottom by a series of
short branch pipes which open into each division. The openings of these
pipes are closed when the apparatus is in use by valves of metal, india-
rubber, or other suitable material. These valves are raised and lowered
by rods worked by levers fixed in a rod running longitudinally the whole
length of the apparatus, which is worked at one end by a handle and
sector.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Wilson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th January 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
WILSON, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Wilson, Her special licence that
I, the said Henry Wilson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or

page_text: such others as I, the said Henry Wilson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree witli, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS
FOR COOLING AND HEATING LIQUIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Wilson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Wilson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention consists in the after described improvements in the
utensils used in breweries, distilleries, and other places known as refri-
gerators, attemperators, and the like, which may be divided into three
parts or points, namely:-
First. An elongated water wheel arrangement.
Second. An improved method of constructing refrigerators of the same
class as that for which Letters Patent were granted in 1860, No. 887, to
H. Bridle, of Bridport.
Third. An improved method of draining the utensil as hereafter
described.
The first part consists of an apparatus by which worts or other liquids
are cooled or heated. I fasten a series of tubes of copper or other suitable
metals of a round, oval, or flat shape round a centre cylinder or axle in
form of an elongated water wheel. On each end of this cylinder or axle I
fix a perforated plate of metal to receive the ends of the series of tubes;
securely fastening them to these plates. In the centre of these plates aré
conical bosses perforated with a number of apertures which lead to
divisions fastened on the outer surface of the plates, forming partitions
dividing the plates into spaces, in which one, two, or more tube ends are
fixed; these spaces serve as conduits for the cooling or heating liquid to

page_text: pass from the centre conical boss into the tubes, the whole being covered
with a suitable lid having india-rubber joints to render each division
perfectly water-tight. Into the centre conical bosses I fit conical plugs
in which there are two or more perforations corresponding in size with
the apertures in the boss. The plugs are ground perfectly tight into the
bosses and secured by stuffing boxes fixed in a suitable stand of cast iron
. or other material, so that they remain stationary while the ends containing
the tubes revolve upon them. The liquid to be cooled or heated enters
at the centre of the plug by the union, and passing out through the
aperture enters the tube or tubes by the conduit formed by the partitions,
and passing along the inside of one or more of the tubes is discharged
at the other end by a similar contrivance. I sometimes by preference use
a flat disc having one or more apertures in it so constructed that the
cooling or heating fluid enters at the back of this disc, and passes into
the tubes as they come opposite to the apertures, and is discharged in
like manner at the other end, the cooling water or other fluid being
either supplied by gravitation or pumped through the apparatus by a
pump worked by the shaft that gives motion to the worm wheel. The
revolving motion is given to the tubes by a worm wheel fixed on one
end and worked by a worm or other suitable motive. power. The fluid
requiring to be cooled or heated is conveyed to the side of the apparatus
and discharged in a thin flat stream upon the outside of the tubes, the
spaces between which becoming filled with the fluid, and the cooling or
heating fluid passing through the inside of the tubes imparts its cooling or
heating influence to the fluid on the outside, which is slowly carried round
and deposited in the trough underneath the apparatus. I sometimes
construct the centre plug with two or four apertures in it so that a
greater or less quantity of cooling or heating fluid may pass through the
tubes during each revolution. I also sometimes instead of placing the tubes
in the form of a water wheel use them in the form of a worm revolving
in a shallow trough also formed into a spiral shape, the cooling fluid
entering at one end inside the worm, and the fluid requiring to be cooled
running in the opposite direction, and vice versa. I also sometimes
construct the apparatus by forming a cylinder or drum having an inside
case; the cooling or heating fluid passes between the inner and outer case,
which are made to revolve in the fluid requiring to be heated or cooled.
The second part of my Invention consists of an improved method of con-
structing refrigerators of the class for which Letters Patent were granted
to Henry Bridle, of Bridport, in 1860, No. 887.. I use by preference

page_text: -
tubes constructed by joining together a series of small size flat tubes so
as to produce one large flat tube of the depth required. This plan I adopt
for the purpose of producing a flat tube of sufficient strength to stand
the requisite pressure. These tubes I connect at the ends in the following
manner: I form a half round bend of a flat tube sufficiently large to
admit of the straight lengths of flat tube being soldered or brazed into
it, and forming when together an elongated U pipe. On the other ends.
of this U pipe I fix a flange of copper or other suitable material, or I
sometimes bend the tubes out of one length and form the U pipe all
in one piece. I then construct a frame of cast iron or other suitable
material having perforations in it to receive the ends of the U pipe which
project a short distance through the flanges. On the back of this I
cast a series of recesses for the purpose of receiving elastic packing. I
fix the U pipes in this frame by the flanges before named, and connect
the alternate ends of each by hollow caps of cast iron or other materials.
These caps fit into the recesses containing the elastic packing, and are
screwed up perfectly tight in such a position that each cap forms a
communication from the one U pipe to the other through the whole
length of the apparatus. I also sometimes connect two or more sets
of U pipes into one cap, causing one stream of water to flow through two
or more sets of pipes instead of only one; the whole is then fixed in a
strong frame; or I sometimes fix the pipes in a flange at each end and
fix them into a cast-iron frame of similar construction to the one before
named. Fixing them in this manner is to facilitate the removal of any
single tube or set of tubes for the purpose of repairs or removing
without lifting the whole of the utensil, as is necessary in other refri-
gerators when they require any repairs. In order to produce the
alternate under and over motion of the fluid on the outside of the tubes
I fix plates of metal across the utensil from side to side between the
tubes, each alternate plate being fixed to the bottom of the utensil. The
plates coming between these alternate ones are fixed about an inch
clear of the bottom so as to allow a passage under them for the fluid;
the next plate being fixed on the bottom causes the fluid to rise up
round the tubes, and falling over this plate produces the alternate over
and under motion that is obtained in other refrigerators by fixing each
alternate tube higher than the other, or by fixing a web or fin on each
alternate tube. The motion of the fluid outside the tubes may be
altered from under and over to a zig-zag motion by forming an opening
under the bottom of cach alternate tube at one end; the fluid then passes

page_text: along the whole length of each tube, and through this opening passes
back on the other side, and so on back and forwards to the end of the
utensil, where it is discharged in any suitable manner, the apparatus
being constructed so as to combine both the plans in one when
required.
The third part of my Invention consists of an improved method, of
draining the utensil. I fix a tube along the whole length of the one
side of the apparatus; this tube is connected to the bottom by a series of
short branch pipes which open into each division. The openings of these
pipes are closed when the apparatus is in use by valves of métal, india-
rubber, or other suitable material; these valves are raised and lowered
by rods worked by levers fixed in a rod running longitudinally the
whole length of the apparatus, which is worked at one end by a handle
and sector.
I also sometimes connect the tubes in the manner shown in the
Drawing accompanying these Presents, wherein such tubes are shown
secured to boxes a, a, connected together by the screwed rods b, b,
running longitudinally the whole length of the apparatus, the other ends
of the tubes are connected by the cap c secured by the bolt and nut d.
The direction of the watercourse is indicated by the arrows.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention, and in what manner the same may be per-
formed or carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim, the
"Improved Mechanical Arrangements for Cooling and Heating Liquids
and other Substances," as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Wilson, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
:
ARCHIBALD ELLIOTT,
Raglan Terrace,
Stockton-on-Tees.
HENRY WILSON. (L.S.).