Carpets or other Plush Goods.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1886
Specification Accepted, 29th Oct., 1887
Carpets or other Plush Goods.
I FRANZ LOUIS WÄCHTLER of Chemnitz in the Kingdom of Saxony and German
Empire Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
For manufacturing any kind of plush goods, the threads to produce it are woven in
the same manner as in all other kinds of looms, there is only a specially constructed
apparatus required for interlacing, namely, for forming the plush loops, the con-
struction and functions of which according to my invention are described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 represent in transverse section and front elevation respectively so
much of a loom as is necessary to illustrate my Invention and the remaining Figures
are details which will be hereinafter referred to.
Extending across the loom is a shaft a provided with holes or slots 6 (shewn more
clearly in the enlarged detail views Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 2) for the reception of
reeds or pile forming instruments and knives hereinafter particularly described to suit
the manufacture of different kinds of goods and which are represented drawn to an
enlarged scale in Figures 5 to 9 sheet 2 of the drawings.
Figure 5 shews a reed (c) provided with a tongue e moveable on the pivot f. h is
a spring fastened on the reed by a rivet g and tending to keep the point a of tongue e
constantly at a distance from the reed c, another spring i being also fastened by the
rivet k on reed c for the purpose hereinafter described.
Figure 6 shews a reed (1) on which is fastened a flexible hook m formed towards
its point ẞ somewhat in the shape of a sickle and sharpened at the part n somewhat
like a knife.
Figure 7 shows a reed (o) likewise with a flexible hook p but the point ẞ is in the
same plane as the stem and the point j is not sharpened as in Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows a reed (g) with several books similar to Figure 6 combined and
which are as required either shaped like the hook m in Figure 6 or blunt like the
hook p in Figure 7.

page_text: Figure 9 shows a reed (r) hinged at u to the knife s, t being the sharp edge.
Figure 10 shows a reed (v) provided with hollows or recesses w and x.
These reeds are provided with grooves d for securing them in position in the
shaft a.
For simplicity of description the reeds represented by Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 will
hereinafter he called needles A A¹ A" and A whilst those represented by Figure 9
will be designated the knife B" and the reed v represented by Figure 10 will be
called the middle-piece C.
For manufacturing carpets the cross-weaving of which is (for example) represented
in Figure 11, needles A, knives B and middle piece C would be used they being
secured on the shaft a as shewn in Figure 4. These reeds are inserted in the slots b
Figure 3 with their grooves d upwards, the projection & being brought into contact
with the plate y which is fastened on the shaft a, and held in this position by means
of a plate or of plates fitted to slide on studs on shaft a into the grooves d of the reeds
and then tightened by means of screws and nuts a¹.
It will be seen that when the reeds are in position on the shaft a the points a of the
tongues e are close to the neighbouring reeds and the points of the knives s are held
by the spring i in contact with the tongues e. The shaft a provided at its ends
with journals or pivots which turn in suitable bearings in the lower ends of levers 61
and so arranged that the tongues e are situated between the reeds c¹ of the sley and
the shaft a.
The levers 6 are connected at e¹ to other levers d¹ provided with
springs, which are fastened thereon by set screws g₁ and tend to maintain the
levers in gear with clutches h¹ of the levers d'. k is a shaft mounted in suitable
bearings in the frame ¹ outside of which frame the said shaft is provided with
adjusting rings and 1 (see Figure 2)-On this shaft are keyed the levers ¹ which
are connected by screws m¹ n' and o¹ to the levers d'. The outer forked ends of the
levers are each provided with a swivelling internal screwed socket piece q¹ through
which works a screw ¹, connected to one end of the spring s¹ the opposite end t¹ of
which spring is connected to the frame u¹ of the loom. The levers are also pro-
vided with adjusting screws which come into contact with projections w¹ on the
supports or frame. On the journals or studs of the shaft a are keyed levers ¹ the
outer ends of which are connected by adjustable connecting rods y¹ to levers cl
centred at d¹¹ to the levers b¹ other levers g₁ being also centred at d" and provided at
their ends with pins ell and runners f" fitted to work in guides or slides adjustably
attached by screws i and k to the supports ¹. To the levers 6' are also connected
at 11 hooked levers " which are attached by springs m¹¹ to the levers d¹ and tend
to continually lift the hooks. The opposite ends of the hooked levers k¹¹ are con-
nected by pins n to connecting rods o", the opposite ends of which are attached
to springs p¹¹ of greater resisting power than the springs m" and which may be
adjusted as required by means of the screwed spindle or rod q" and the screwed
coupling link jointed by pins u¹¹ to the levers " and " keyed on the shaft v
carried by the levers d¹.
On the shaft is fastened by means of adjusting screws all and y¹¹ a lever wll the
free end of which bears against the shaft k and so determines the highest position
to which the hook " shall be raised by the spring m¹. The two shafts k¹ and v
are connected together by springs to allow the lever wil to bear always with its
free end against the shaft k and to give a safety motion to this shaft. To prevent
any vibration of the shaft during its working the said shaft is provided with
intermediate bearings and a tightly connected to the shaft k¹. On a stud d'
on the frame there is mounted a chain wheel 6111 which may be driven either
directly from the main shaft of the loom or indirectly by transmission through the
chain On the stud d¹ is also mounted the change wheel e engaged with
change wheel fitted to turn loosely on an adjustable stud g on frame i¹.
In a slot in one arm of the bell crank lever t¹¹ there is fixed an adjustable stud 111
capable of being fixed higher or lower as required by the wing nut 2111 Figures 1
and 2.
On this stud
is a small roller ¹¹¹ on which the hook end of a platine or lever (111

page_text: 11
rests. This platine or lever is attached by the pin n¹¹ to another lever m¹¹¹ mounted
on a stud o¹i. The stud o passes through the frame ¹ to the outer side of the
loom and carries on its outer end the lever pill provided with a small friction roller 111
which is acted on by an eccentric q on the change wheel f" for the purpose
hereinafter described.
111
The lever mis connected by the spring to the frame so that when the
eccentric q is rotated the lever p₁ is depressed, thereby causing the lever m¹ll to
move against the power of the spring in the direction indicated on the drawing
by an arrow, and the hook of the platine or lever 111 to engage the bolt u111 on the
bell crank lever t". The lever is thereby turned on its centre and consequently
by means of the connecting rod o", the outer end of the hooked lever k" will be
raised and the hook on the opposite end brought into position to engage the bolt wlll
on the sley when it is moving in the direction of the arrow, Figure 1.
The sley being moved in the direction indicated by the arrow so as to bring the
reed c¹ on the sley into the position shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1, the shaft a with
the needles A knives B and middle piece will take the position shewn in Figure 12
in which figure 11 represents the threads lifted by the jacquard for forming the
pile or plush. These threads being held by any suitable or well-known means take
the position shewn in Figure 12 the needles A knives B and middle piece C being
also in the position shewn in Figure 12 and the spring tongues e being pressed
back from the threads by the points of the knives B, so as not to touch the
said threads that are between the shaft a and the tongues e.
The drawing represents the needle A, knife B, and middle-piece C in plan and the
wool threads at an angle.
When the sley returns to its former position the lever arrangement hereinbefore
described which had been moved by the sley against the stress of the springs s¹ will
also return to its original position under the action of the said springs s', the hook "
disengaging the bolt w¹ and the needles A, knife B, and middle piece C taking the
position shewn in Figure 13.
The shaft a then remains stationary until the required shots or picks of weft threads
have been made. The duration of the dwell for this purpose depends on differences in
the proportion of the change wheels e¹ and f" and of the form of the eccentric q".
A pick having been made so as to throw the shot yl, and the shot beat up by the sley
loops will be formed over the tongues as shewn in Figure 14 Sheet 2.
When the hook by the movement of the sley again engages the pin w the
needles A, knives B, and middle piece C will move in the direction shewn by an arrow
in Figure 15 and thereby the loops 2111 will slide from the tonguese on to the knives s
which will cut the loops, and these motions being repeated a fabric having a cut pile
or plush surface as shewn in Figure 11 will be produced.
By providing the shaft a with needles A and middle piece only and not with the
knives B an uncut pile fabric may be produced as shown by Figure 16. By using
the hooks illustrated by Figure 7 in place of the needles A "Burlings" or goods for
ladies cloaks as illustrated by Figure 17 may be produced.
By using the sickle shaped knife illustrated by Figure 6 crape-burlings or high
plush goods such as is illustrated by Figure 18 may be produced.
If it be required to weave a fabric with a very close pile the needles constructed as
shewn by Figure 8 are employed, each reed q being provided with several hooks
whereby their attachment to the shaft a is greatly facilitated. These hooks may be like
either that shewn in Figure 6 or that shown in Figure 7.
The length of pile may be increased as desired by raising more or less and fixing
in position the levers d' by means of the screws m¹ n¹ and o¹, and as the levers b
carrying the shaft a are connected to the levers d' the said shaft will be also raised
with them so as to operate at a greater distance from the ground chains and thereby
produce longer loops.
It will be seen that no interruption in the general surface of the fabric takes place
when the distance between the reeds c on the shaft a corresponds to the divisions of the

page_text: reeds c¹ in the sley and when one or other of the needles A do not catch the thread 111 to
form the loop, the next adjoining needle will make the missing loop, and if necessary
cut it open. Two or more loops are thereby produced at once-this however will not
cause a noticeable fault in the goods.
In
For producing very short loop or plush the tongues s of the needles A or the hooks p
of the needles A should come into position to form the loop and remain while the
loops are formed but as at every throw of the shuttle the cloth is slightly moved
in the direction indicated by an arrow 1 on the drawing what is called fulling is
produced it is necessary that the pile forming instruments follow this movement.
order to ensure this movement on the top bar or rail a¹¹ of the reeds c³ are provided
lugs 61111 with bolts carrying rollers d which rollers at every throw of the
shuttle press against the paring knives f¹ which are provided with leather strips ell
so as to drive back the shaft a together with the needles knives and middle piece.
When the sley makes its back motion the springs S¹ will cause the rest of the
parts to resume their former position. The paring knives fare provided with a
screw spindle and nuts g¹¹ by means of which they may be fixed in position on the
levers to produce the required motion.
When the shaft a is in the dotted position shown by D Figure 1 the shuttles must
not be thrown otherwise the needles and knives would be injured.
In order to prevent any incorrect working of the shuttle mechanism there are fixed
on both ends of the shaft a catch irons (shewn drawn to a larger scale in Figures 3
and 4) which turn down on to the shuttle race and thus prevent the shuttle being
driven out of its box when not required.
After each shot of the shuttle the warp threads are by the beating up of the weft by
the sley brought closer together than they are in the sley so that the loops 211 on the
tongue e or hooks m will assume from the centre of the fabric towards the outside
an oblique position as shewn in Figure 3 sheet 2 which represents it somewhat
exaggerated.
If the middle piece C Figure 4 be omitted and the tongues e or the points of the
hooks m or p be all directed outwards it would be possible for the loops to pass
over the points and not be properly engaged and cut and in order to prevent this the
piece C is arranged at the middle of the shaft a and the tongues e or the hooks m or p
as the case may be are equally and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the
said middle piece as shewn in Fig. 4 so that the tongues are turned towards it.
In order to produce a plain fabric in ground without plush or pile the mechanism
herein before described relating to the pile forming mechanism is disconnected from
the sley This is effected by loosening the wing nut i so as to lower the hook
end of the platine which will then move without operating the bell crank levers t¹¹
as the hooks in the platines will not come iuto contact with the bolts ull and
consequently the hook k¹¹ will not be brought into position to engage the rod will
on the sley 11
I have only described for the sake of simplicity the method of making plain plush
goods but the apparatus is capable of manufacturing the most difficult kind of plush
goods.
In large looms the shaft k¹ should be supported by additional bearings between
the frames i¹.
To prevent the shafts a from bending, flat iron bars are screwed thereon and on the
levers, and a lever or levers is or are fixed between the levers which are attached
to the back springs s¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is:-
1st. In a loom for weaving Smyrna and Persian carpets and other plush or pile
fabrics the combination of the middle piece C the needles A, A¹ A" or A" with or
without the knives B for forming the pile or plush substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2nd. In a loom of the kind herein before described providing the shaft which
carries the pile forming instruments with catch irons to prevent incorrect working of
the shuttles substantially as herein before described.
3rd. In looms of the kind hereinbefore described the combination of the shaft a
levers b¹ and d springs f¹ hooked levers ¹¹ bell crank lever t" connecting rod ol
platine or lever levers m¹¹¹ and p¹¹ and eccentric q¹ the whole being arranged
substantially in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
4th. In looms of the kind herein before described the combination with the shafts a¹
and levers bdk and t" of the levers ¹c and g guides and springs m¹¹
substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
5th. In looms of the kind hereinbefore described the combination of the
shafts k¹ and v¹¹, levers t¹ and b¹ and springs S₁ substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
6th. The general combination and arrangement of parts constituting improvements
in looms for weaving Smyrna and Persian carpets and other plush or pile fabrics
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.,
Agents.
1537
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.,
Agents.