Combined Brick Making and Pressing Machinery.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 19th Lec., 1890-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Combined Brick Making and Pressing Machinery.
We, JOHN SAMUEL PULLAN, WILLIAM HUTCHINSON MANN, and JoHN GILL,
all of the Cambrian Works, Elland Road, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the combination of brick making machinery with an
improved brick pressing machine, and has for object the pressing of newly formed
bricks that are produced in such state as to be capable of being finish pressed
before leaving the said combined machinery.
Our improved pressing machine comprises two moulds and two rams, the said
rams being both actuated from one crank by means of one link therefrom and
suitable toggles connected in such wise that the rams are operated so as to press
alternately.
Our improved duplex press may be attached to or combined with various kinds
of brick making machines, but we prefer the kind known as semi-plastic, and to one
of which the following description is applicable. Such machine comprises a
hopper to which clay in a semi-plastic state is supplied from a suitable mixer in the
usual manner.
In the said hopper a screw rotates and forces the clay alternately into two moulds,
these moulds are either in one piece or so connected that they are capable of being
moved to and fro simultaneously, a plate fixed beneath the said moulds forms a
bottom therefor common to both and over which they slide; beneath this bottom
plate and at a suitable distance therefrom is another plate, this serves for a table
for the reception of the bricks as they are produced.
To distinguish the two moulds above referred to we will call them No. 1. and
No. 2. No. 1. mould being placed under the mouth of the hopper becomes filled
with clay by the action of the aforesaid screw and forms a brick, the two moulds are
then moved so as to place mould No. 2. under the hopper which also becomes filled
and thus forms another brick. While this is taking place, the brick in No. 1.
mould is being pressed downwards and out of the mould and landed upon the table
above referred to.
An automatically moving horizontal ram or pusher actuated by either chain
gearing or other mechanism next removes the first named brick and lands it
upon the lower part of one of the moulds of our improved pressing machine the
upper surface of such part at this time coincides with the surface of the said
table; the said lower part having been raised to such position by means of a
cross bar passed transversely and horizontally through an upper rain of the press,
and a pair of rods depending therefrom whose lower ends are furnished with
springs and are in connection with the said lower part.
The said upper ram now descends and on coming into contact with the brick
causes it and the said bottom part to descend into the pressing mould until the
said bottom part is arrested by an adjustable but stationary part of the press.
The ram continuing its descent which is effected by means of the crank, link and
suitably connected toggles as previously referred to, so that by the time the said
toggles have reached their dead point or a straight line with each other the
necessary pressure for finish pressing the brick has been attained. The brick
formed in No. 2. mould being treated in a similar manner to that just described
from No. 1. mould and a duplicate pressing mechanism being provided, passes
through the same cycle of operations to completion. The finished bricks are
raised from the pressing moulds by the upward action of the respective rams,

page_text: crossbars and rods before referred to, and are removed by one or more
attendants.
It will be obvious that if the toggle links were caused to pass equal distances
on each side of a vertical line and all the bricks conveyed to one pressing
mould, the press may be made single instead of double as above described.
Dated this 10th day of Marah 1990
THOS. EDWIN CRAVEN,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Combined Brick Making and Pressing Machinery.
We, JoHN SAMUEL PULLAN, WILLIAM HUTCHINSON MANN, and JOHN
GILL, all of the Cambrian Works, Elland Road, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to the combination of brick making machinery with an
improved brick pressing machine, and has for object the pressing of newly formed
bricks that are produced in such state as to be capable of being finish pressed before
leaving the said combined machinery.
Our improved pressing machine comprises two moulds and two rams, the said
rams being both actuated from one crank by means of one link therefrom and
suitable toggles connected in such wise that the rams are operated so as to press
alternately.
Our improved duplex press may be attached to or combined with various kinds of
brick-making machines, but we prefer the kind known as semi-plastic, and to one
of this kind the following description is applicable. Such machine comprises a
hopper to which clay in a semi-plastic state is supplied from a suitable mixer in the
usual manner.
In the said hopper a screw rotates and forces the clay alternately into two moulds,
these moulds are either in one piece or so connected that they are capable of being
moved to and fro simultaneously, a plate fixed beneath the said moulds forms
alternately a bottom therefor, common to both, and over which they slide. Beneath
this bottom plate and at a suitable distance therefrom is another plate, this serves
for a table for the reception of the bricks as they are pressed. To distinguish the
two moulds above referred to we will call them No. 1. and No. 2. respectively.
No. 1. mould being placed under the mouth of the hopper becomes filled with
clay by the action of the aforesaid screw and forms a brick, the two moulds are
then moved so as to place mould No. 2. under the hopper which also becomes filled
and thus forms another brick. While this is taking place, the brick in No. 1.
mould is being pressed downwards and out of the mould and landed upon the table
above referred to.
An automatically moving horizontal ram or pusher actuated either by chain or
gearing or other mechanism next removes the first named brick and lands it upon
the lower part of one of the moulds of our improved pressing machine, the upper
surface of such part at this time coincides with the surface of the said table, the
said lower part having been raised to such position by means of a cross-bar passed
transversely and horizontally through an upper rain of the press, and of rods
depending therefrom whose lower ends are furnished with springs and are in con-
nection with the said lower part.
The said upper ram now descends and on coming into contact with the brick
causes it and the said bottom part to descend into the pressing mould until the said
bottom part is arrested by an adjustable but now stationary part of the press. The
ram continuing its descent, which is effected by means of the crank, link, and
suitably connected toggles as previously referred to, so that by the time the said

page_text: toggles have reached their dead point or a straight line with each other, the
necessary pressure for finish pressing the brick under treatment has been
attained.
The brick formed in mould No. 2. being treated in a similar manner to that just
described from mould No. 1. and a duplicate pressing mechanism being provided,
passes through the same cycle of operations to completion.
In the annexed drawings, Fig. 1, is a front elevation. Fig. 2, an end elevation,
both partly in section, and Fig. 3, is a plan shewing a brick making machine of the
semi-plastic kind, which is not new, in combination with our improved duplex
brick pressing machine according to our present invention and as hereinabove
referred to.
The following description of the brick making machine will suffice to show
its construction and the production of bricks to be hereafter treated in our said
pressing machine.
Part 1, is the brick-making machine, a, the hopper supplied with clay in a
semi-plastic state from any suitable mixer, b, the rotating screw therein on the
vertical axis, for forcing the clay into the beforementioned moulds No. 1. and
No. 2. Figs. 4. and 5 being respectively a sectional elevation and plan of the said
moulds No. 1 and No. 2, to an enlarged scale. These moulds are automatically
placed in turns under the hopper for the reception of the clay and formation of
bricks by the crank d, and link e, and on being discharged therefrom are landed
upon the table, then by mechanism as shewn and hereinafter referred to, on to
moulds 9: and h, of our improved duplex press which are on the same level as the
table f
The driving of the machine is by the pulleys, and j, fast and loose, on shaft k,
and by pinion, into wheel m, on the crank shaft d', this wheel drives a pinion n,
on shaft o, on which is a bevel pinion p, taking into a bevil wheel 9, on shaft r, on
this shaft are cams s, and s¹, for actuating the pushing device for the bricks.
Part 2, is our improved duplex pressing machino and comprises a suitable
foundation bed, t, which may be a part of the bed of the brick machine (Part 1.)
standards u, u, with slides u', u', for guiding the rains e overhead beam wc, for
taking the pressing action, g, h, are the finish pressing moulds fixed in their
position, y, y, are plungers, one in each mould g, h, these plungers are connected
to their respective rams e, e, by crossbars y', 2, 3, y', passing horizontally through
them, (or their equivalent,) and rods,, - in such wise that each pair of
said rams and plungers may work in unison for a portion of their upward move-
ment, stops a', ², being provided on the plungers so as to arrest such movement
when their upper surfaces have become level with the mould at r, they are now
in a position to receive a brick (one at a time,) from the pushing device of the
brick making machine.
The rods, 1, 2, 3, are furnished with elastic cushioned stops ',,, =, to
permit of the rams v, v', to continue their ascent after upward movement of the
plungers has been arrested by the said stops a', a²,—a², is a brick as pushed upon
one of the said moulds g, h. The ram above the brick can now descend and on
coming in contact with it presses it into the mould, the plunger therein then
descends until arrested by a part 6, described in our Provisional Specification
as (adjustable but now stationary,) which we make adjustable but slightly
elastic to prevent breakage, this part which determines the amount of pressure
to which a brick under treatment is subjected and also its thickness, occurs
beneath each plunger.
The ram after the plunger has been arrested as above referred to, continues
its descent and thus gives the final pressure to the brick, and on its return or
upward stroke the rods, 1, 2, 3, as the case may be, raise the plunger to its
topmost position and the finished brick becomes discharged which is then removed
by an attendant.
Two systems of toggles c', c², and c³, c', (one system to each ram,) impart the
pressing motion to the rams e, v³, respectively and alternately so that while one

page_text: ram is up the other is down. The two systems of toggles are connected by the
link d, and both are actuated by one connecting rod el, from the crank, on the
crank shaft d, which in the combination of the two machines is common to both.
As will be well understood the extreme pressure occurs when a pair of toggles is
at the dead point or their centres are in a straight line, and it will be obvious that
if a pair of toggles were caused to pass equal distances on each side of such straight
line or dead point and all the bricks were conveyed to one pressing mould one
system of pressing machinery would suffice, and a pressing machine containing the
elements of our invention may be of the single instead of the double kind above
referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. An improved duplex pressing machine for finish pressing bricks (in which the
pressure is imparted by toggle movement) connecting two systems of toggles such
as c1, c2, and c³, c, by a link d², and actuating the same by one connecting rod e',
from a rotating crank, the whole constructed, arranged and operating substantially
as described and shown in the drawings annexed.
2. The combination of a brick-making machine of the semi-plastic or other type
with our improved pressing machinery, substantially as described and shewn in the
drawings annexed for the purpose specified.
3. An improved pressing machine of the single type having only one mould and
plunger of the same kind as in the duplex machine referred to in Claim 1, in which
one system of toggles such as cl, c³, or c³, c, are caused to pass beyond the dead point
on both sides thereof, and pressing a brick at each passage of such dead point by the
said toggles, thus pressing in and discharging from one mould two bricks at each
rotation of the actuating crank.
Dated this 19+1 lovf Door 1890
Witness:
JOHN SAMUEL PULLAN.
WILLIAM HUTCHINSON MANN.
JOHN GILL.
Thos. E. CRAVEN, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
24, Victoria Chambers, Leeds.