Improvements in or connected with Printing Telegraphs.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 28th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Printing Telegraphs.
I, ROBERT ASHWORTH FOWDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at
No. 4 Royal Street, in the City and County of Philadelphia and State of
Pennsylvania, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH PRINTING TELEGRAPHS to be as
follows:-
:-
My invention has relation to improvements in a printing telegraph system.
The principal objects of my invention are first, to provide an efficient, reliable
and comparatively inexpensive printing telegraph instrument; second, to reduce
the number of parts and to simplify the construction of the mechanical and
electrical devices employed in connection with such instrument; third, to increase
the efficiency and to lessen the number of circuits and circuit connections in a
printing telegraph instrument; fourth, to provide compact mechanical and
electrical circuit controlling devices operating to increase the efficiency of a
printing telegraph instrument or a series of instruments looped together and to
lessen the number of circuits, electro-magnets and relays in such instrument or
instruments; fifth, to ensure perfect synchronism in the movement of the type-
wheel shafts of the instrument; sixth, to provide certain of the electro-magnets
with simple, reliable and durable mechanical appliances, whereby double duty is
performed by them; and seventh, to construct and arrange the circuit connections
of the line conductor or conductors in such manner that accidental interruption
or cutting out of the same arrests both the receiver and the transmitter, whereby
the operator at each instrument is apprised of the occurrence of any accident or
of want of synchronism in the movement of the instruments in circuit connected
with each other.
In a printing telegraph system embodying features of my invention, use is made
of instruments connected together by a single line conductor and provided with
duplicate mechanical and electrical devices operated synchronously by means of
two sets of local circuits and switches, whereof one set is employed for transmitting
and the other in receiving, and by means of two line circuits, of which one is
availed of for releasing and starting the type-wheel shafts and the other for
effecting the printing operations and both of the said line circuits traversing the
single line conductor.
The mechanical and electrical devices at each instrument comprise a type-
wheel shaft, an electric motor operated by the armature-lever of an electro-magnet
and a retracting spring and adapted to revolve said shaft, a unison latch for
stopping said shaft and holding the retracting spring of the motor in tension at
the unison position to permit of the subsequent starting of the instrument under
the influence of the retracting spring of the motor, a circuit interrupter, that is,
an automatic circuit maker and breaker adapted to break the ordinary or normal
line circuit through the coils of relay electro-magnets of the transmitter and
receiver at the unison position, and also adapted to alternately make and break said
ordinary line circuit at positions other than unison in order to operate the motors
and drive the shafts, a detent, toothed wheel and locking electro-magnet for locking
the shaft at the unison position and in each printing position with the circuit
interrupter in position for preventing the completion of the stroke of the motor,
whereby the motor is adapted to subsequently complete its stroke and proceed in
its customary manner; a sunflower device, brush, printing keys and double contact
unison key; a toothed wheel and ratchet switch tending to effect an impression

page_text: when the type-wheel shaft is arrested at any position other than the unison position;
a three-way revoluble switch adapted to break the local motor circuit at the unison
position and to permit the same to be closed at a position other than the unison
position and adapted to permit of the actuation of the unison and locking devices
by means of the local unison circuit in order to permit of the starting of the type-
wheel shafts under the influence of the retracting spring of the motor, and also
adapted to prevent the closing of the local unison circuit after the type-wheel
shaft has been set in motion and until it is checked by the ordinary operation of
the unison latch; and a printing electro-magnet having an armature lever for
effecting impressions, feeding the paper and transferring the unison latch from the
outermost portion of its spiral to the innermost portion thereof.
The set of local unison circuits that are employed in connection with the unison
line circuit and with said electrical and mechanical devices will now be described
and traced.
The local unison circuit at the transmitter passes from earth through a generator
to the unison contact of the sunflower device, thence to one set of contacts of a
normally open double contact unison key, thence through the coils of the locking
electro-magnet and through the coils of the unison and printing electro-magnet to
earth. It may be remarked that the unison line circuit passes from earth through
a generator, through the unison contact of the sunflower device to the other set of
contacts of the normally open double contact unison key, and then through a
conductor of high resistance to line, said conductor of high resistance serving to
effect a proper distribution of the current in the local and line unison circuits.
From the line the unison line circuit passes through the coils of a relay electro-
magnet and through a generator to earth at the receiver. The local unison circuit
of the receiver passes from earth through a generator, through the armature lever
of the relay electro-magnet, thence through the three way revoluble switch and
through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and the coils of the printing and
unison electro-magnet, to earth.
The set of local printing and motor circuits that are employed after the unison
line circuit has been broken and in connection with the normal printing line
circuit, and the above described mechanical and electrical devices, will now be
traced and described.
At the transmitter the normal line circuit passes from earth through a generator
and through the coils of a relay electro-magnet whose armature-lever controls and
closes the local motor circuit through a generator, the coils of the motor magnet
and through the three way switch, thence the normal line circuit passes through
the circuit interrupter to line, and thence through the coils of the relay electro-
magnet at the receiver and to earth through a generator. At the transmitter the
local printing circuit is from earth through a generator, the sunflower device,
contacts of the character keys, and through the coils of the locking electro-
magnet, and the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet, to earth.
At the receiver the local motor circuit is controlled by the armature lever of
the relay electro-magnet and is closed at the three way revoluble switch through
the motor electro-magnet; and the local printing circuit passes from earth through
a generator and through the contacts of the ratchet switch and thence through the
coils of the printing and unison electro-magnets to earth.
Assuming that the instruments are in the unison position the operation of
starting the instrument and of printing is as follows:-
The double contact unison key is depressed at the transmitter, thus closing the
local unison circuit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and through
the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet, whereby the unison latch is
released and the printing pallet is caused to contact with a blank space on the type-
wheel and the paper fed forward, and whereby the locking bar or detent is brought
into a position for locking the shaft. The depression of the unison key also closes
the unison line circuit, thereby energizing the relay electro-magnet at the receiver.
The relay electro-magnet at the receiver being thus energized pulls up its

page_text: armature and closes the local unison three way revoluble switch circuit through the
coils of the locking electro-magnet and through the coils of the printing and
unison electro-magnets, whereby the unison latch at the receiver is released and
the shaft is locked by the locking bar or detent as at the transmitter, so that both
shafts are locked in position for holding the retracting springs of their motors in
unison. The unison key at the transmitter is then released, thereby breaking the
local unison circuit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and through
the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnets of the transmitter and also
breaking the unison line circuit, so that the relay at the receiver is demagnetized
and its armature lever falls back and breaks the local unison circuit through the
coils of the locking electro-magnet and through the coils of the printing and
unison electro-magnets of the receiver. Under these conditions the unison latches
at both instruments are permitted to return under the influence of their retracting
springs to the innermost portions of their spirals and the tension in the respective
retracting springs of the motors causes the type-wheel shafts of both instruments
to be slightly rotated under the influence of the motor springs. This rotation of
the shafts causes the three way switches at the transmitter and receiver to close
the local motor circuits through the coils of the motor electro-magnets and also
causes the circuit interrupter at the transmitter to make the normal line circuit
through the coils of the relay electro-magnets of both instruments and to subse-
quently break the same and the repeated makes and breaks in the normal line
circuit due to the operation of the interrupter at the transmitter will cause the
motor circuits to be made and broken at the relay electro-magnets, thereby causing
the motors to actuate the type-wheel shafts and to ensure perfect synchronism of
movement, because cach motor is controlled by its relay and both relays are
controlled by the circuit interrupter at cach transmitter. The depression of a
letter key causes the local printing circuit to be closed through it at the transmitter
as soon as the sunflower brush sweeps onto its corresponding contact, and then
through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and through the coils of the
printing and unison electro-magnet, whereby the former operates to arrest the
type-wheel shaft and the latter releases the unison latch, feeds the paper and
effects an impression of the characters on the type-wheel corresponding with the
characters of a depressed key. The locking electro-magnet at the transmitter,
however, arrests its type-wheel shaft slightly before the motor has completed its
stroke, so that upon the release of the key the motor will first complete its stroke
and then proceed in the same manner that it did before the key was depressed.
The arrest of the type-wheel shaft at the transmitter at a character in the manner
above described causes its circuit interrupter to come to rest in position for causing
the normal line circuit to bring the relay electro-magnet at the receiver into a
condition corresponding with that of the relay electro-magnet at the transmitter.
Under these circumstances the relay electro-magnet at the receiver acting through
its armature-lever, arrests the motor and the latter arrests the receiver type-wheel
shaft, whereupon the ratchet switch falls between the teeth of its toothed wheel,
and thereby closes the circuit through the coils of the printing and unison electro-
magnet and effects an impression at the receiver. When the printing key is
released at the receiver, the motor completes its stroke so that both instruments
are automatically set in motion and inasinuch as the unison latch is returned to its
initial position during the printing operation, it follows that other letter keys
may be depressed, in order to print other characters. If this is not done
both instruments run to unison and may be again operated in the manner herein-
before described.
My invention consists of a printing telegraph system provided with relay
electro-magnets interposed in the line circuit and adapted to control local motor
circuits at the transmitter and receiver, whereby synchronism in the movement of
the type-wheels of both the transmitter and the receiver, is ensured.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with relay
electro-magnets interposed in the line circuit and adapted to control local motor

page_text: circuits at both instruments, and a circuit interrupter located at the instrument
operating as a transmitter and adapted to control the line circuit.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a transinitter
and receiver respectively having motors responding to makes and breaks in a
normal line circuit, whereby an accidental interruption in the line circuit arrests
the motor of each instrument in corresponding position.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with motors at
each instrument responding to makes and breaks in line produced by the revolution
of the type-wheel shaft at the transmitter, a local printing circuit and devices
for effecting an impression and arresting the type-wheel shaft at the transmitter,
whereby the motor at the receiver is caused to arrest its type-wheel shaft, and a
local printing circuit and devices at the receiver controlled by a ratchet switch
and adapted to effect an impression upon the arrest of the type-wheel shaft of the
receiver.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with relay
electro-magnets adapted to control local motor circuits and motors at each
instrument and responding to makes and breaks in line produced by a circuit
interrupter at the transmitter, a local printing circuit and devices for effecting an
impression and arresting the type-wheel shaft and a circuit interrupter at the trans-
mitter, whereby the motor at the receiver is caused to arrest its type-wheel shaft,
and a local printing circuit and devices at the receiver controlled by a ratchet
switch and adapted to effect an impression upon the arrest of the type-wheel shaft
of the receiver.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a receiver
and a transmitter normally operated by motors responding to makes and breaks
produced in line by the revolution of the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a
local printing circuit and devices operating by the depression of a key at the
transmitter to effect an impression and arrest the type-wheel shaft before the
transmitter motor completes its stroke and before the line circuit is made or
broken, whereby the motor at the receiver arrests its type-wheel shaft and effects
an impression through the intervention of a local printing circuit and devices
controlled by the revolution of the receiver type-wheel shaft, and whereby the
motors of both instruments are permitted to again start upon the release of the
key aud by the completion of the partial stroke of the transmitter motor.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a receiver
and a transmitter normally operated by motors and local motor circuits controlled
by relay electro-magnets responding to makes and breaks produced in line by a
circuit interrupter on the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a local printing
circuit and devices operating by the depression of a key at the transmitter to
effect an impression and to arrest the type-wheel shaft before the transmitter
motor completes its stroke and before the circuit interrupter makes or breaks the
line circuit, whereby the relay electro-magnet at the receiver acting through its
local motor circuit causes the motor to arrest the receiver type-wheel shaft and
whereby the motors of both instruments are permitted to again start upon the
release of the key and by the completion of the partial stroke of the transmitter
motor.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a transmitter
and receiver each having an electric motor adapted to drive the type-wheel shaft
and responding to makes and breaks in the normal line produced by a circuit
interrupter at the transmitter, and each having a unison latch adapted to arrest
its type-wheel shaft with the retracting spring of the motor thereof in tension and
with the circuit interrupter in position for breaking the normal line circuit,
whereby the motors may be permitted to start under the influence of their
retracting springs when the shafts are released.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph having a transmitter and
a receiver respectively provided with a motor responding to makes and breaks in
a normal line circuit and driving the type-wheel shaft, a unison latch for locking

page_text: the type-wheel shaft in such position that the retracting spring of the motor tends
to start it, a detent for locking said shaft, electro-magnets and circuit connections
for operating said unison latch and detent, a revoluble switch actuated by the type-
wheel shaft and adapted to cut out the normal line circuit and include the unison
circuits at unison position of the shaft, a double contact unison key at the
transmitter for controlling the local printing circuit and devices to release the
unison latch and lock and unlock the transmitter type-wheel shaft and for
controlling the unison line circuit to release the unison latch and lock and unlock
the receiver type-wheel shaft through the instrumentality of a relay and local
circuit.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph having a revoluble wheel
provided with teeth and a ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit and
riding in said teeth as the wheel is rotated and entering a space between said teeth
upon the arrest of the wheel.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with
a toothed wheel actuated by a type-wheel shaft and having a wide tooth, and a
ratchet switch controlling a local printing circuit and tending to enter the spaces
between the teeth of said wheel upon the arrest of the shaft and restrained from
such movement at the unison position of the shaft by the wide tooth.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument having an
armature lever provided with impression and unison latch actuating devices and
having a magnet for actuating said armature lever.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with
a sunflower device comprising a conducting annulus and an annulus having
conducting and insulating segments, an insulated brush sweeping over each annulus,
circuit conuections from earth through a generator to the conducting annulus and
through the brush and conducting segments to character keys controlling a local
printing circuit and to a double contact unison key controlling said local printing
circuit and also a unison line circuit.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with
a three way revoluble switch moving with the type-wheel shaft and adapted to
interrupt a local motor circuit at the unison position and to permit of the closing
of the same at other positions, and adapted to permit of the closing of a circuit
through the coils of a printing and unison electro-magnet and through the coils of
a locking electro-magnet at unison position and to prevent the closing of the
circuit through said electro-magnets at other positions.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with
a circuit interrupter moving with the type-wheel shaft and adapted to actuate
motors at the respective instruments, a spur-wheel mounted on said shaft, a detent
for engaging said spur-wheel and arresting the circuit interrupter just before its
contact passes the segment over which it is travelling, whereby the transmitter
motor is arrested before the completion of its stroke.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a type-
wheel shaft, an electro-motor and its connections for driving said shaft, and a
unison latch adapted to arrest said shaft in position for maintaining the retracting
spring of the motor in tension ; and
My invention further consists of the improvements in printing telegraphs herein-
after described and claimed.
The nature and general features of my invention will be more fully understood
from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings
forming part hereof; and in which
Figure 1, is a diagrammatic view illustrating a printing telegraph instrument
embodying features of my invention and arranged as a transmitter, and showing
also the parts of said instrument in the unison position with the retracting springs
of the motor held in tension by the unison latch and the motor.
Fig. 2, is a similar view of a printing telegraph instrument embodying features
of my invention and arranged as a receiver.

page_text: Fig. 3, is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section taken from the
top of Sheet 1, and illustrating the armature-lever of the printing and unison
electro-magnet, and showing also mechanism embodying features of my invention
operated thereby, and adapted to actuate the printing-pallet and unison latch.
Fig. 4, is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4, of Fig. 3, and illustrating
details of construction of the printing pallet operating devices.
Fig. 5, is an elevational view of the right hand end of the armature lever shown
in Fig. 3, illustrating the construction of certain of the parts that actuate the
unison-latch.
Fig. 6, is an elevational view partly in section taken from the bottom of Sheet 1,
and illustrating certain parts of the electric-motor; and also showing the means
whereby when the type-wheel shaft is arrested the motor is likewise arrested.
Fig. 7, is a front view of the ratchet-switch showing the same provided with a
toothed wheel having a wide unison tooth and also showing an efficient form of
ratchet-switch which is somewhat distorted in Figs. 1 and 2, for the purposes of
diagrammatic illustration.
Fig. 8, is a view of the sunflower and brush.
Fig. 9, is a diagrammatic view illustrating portions of a type-wheel shaft
provided with a spur or toothed wheel and with a circuit interrupter controlling
the circuit of an electric-motor adapted to drive the shaft and showing a contact
sweeping over the segments of the circuit maker and breaker, and a detent for
locking the type-wheel shaft before the contact has passed off a segment over which
it is travelling, whereby the motor is arrested before the completion of its stroke ;
and
Fig. 10, is a perspective view showing certain of the parts illustrated in Fig. 9.
In the drawings a, is a type-wheel shaft afforded freedom of rotary motion in
suitable bearings, not shown, and provided with a type-wheel a', having in the
present instance upon its rim thirty nine characters and one space, not shown.
b, is an electric motor adapted to drive the type-wheel shaft a, with a uniform
step by step movement and comprising a ratchet-wheel, and a star or stop-
wheel 62, secured to the shaft a, a bar b, provided with spring controlled pawls b
and 6, for rotating the ratchet-wheel ', and with stops 66 and 6, for engaging the
star-wheel 6, at or near the completion of the stroke of each pawl, an armature
lever 68, and a retracting spring 6, and motor electro-magnet 610, for reciprocating
the bar ³. When the motor electro-magnet 610, is energized its armature-lever b³,
shifts the bars, towards the right in Fig. 6, thus causing the pawl, to engage
the ratchet-wheel ¹, and rotate the shaft a, in the direction of the arrow, until
the stop, meshes with the teeth of the star-wheel 62, and arrests the shaft a,
in such position that one of the characters on the type-wheel a', is in proper
position for permitting an impression to be taken from it. When the motor
electro-magnet 610, is demagnetized the retracting spring, shifts the bar b³,
towards the left in Fig. 6, thus causing the pawl 6, to engage the ratchet-wheel b¹,
and rotate the shaft in the direction of the arrow until the stop , meshes with
the teeth of the star wheel 62, and arrests the shaft a, in such position that the
next character of the type-wheel is in proper position for permitting an impression
to be taken from it. Subsequent magnetization and demagnetization of the
motor electro-magnet 60, cause the bar , to be shifted back and forth with the
result that the pawls 64 and 5, and stops 66 and 67, rotate the type-wheel shaft a,
with an intermittent motion and in such manner that successive characters on
the type-wheel a¹, are brought into printing position by the actions of the motor.
It may be remarked that the detail construction of the type of electro-motor
herein before described constitutes the subject-matter of an application for English
Letters Patent numbered 19,018 and filed on the 10th day of October, A.D. 1893,
by Job Albert Davis and myself, as joint inventors, and hence is not specifically
claimed herein. c, is a unison spiral mounted on the type-wheel shaft a, and
provided with a spring controlled unison latch c', adapted to engage the outer end
of the spiral and thus arrest the type-wheel shaft a, when the blank space on the

page_text: a,
type-wheel a', is in the position hereinbefore designated, the printing position,
and when the retracting spring 6, of the motor is in tension. In this connection
it may be remarked that the arrest of the type-wheel shaft a, by the unison
latche, causes the ratchet-wheel ¹, to hold the pawl 6, and thus prevent
movement of the bar 3, whereby the retracting spring, is held in tension so as
to permit of the subsequent starting of the motors as will be hereinafter fully
described. d, is a circuit interrupter adapted to produce makes and breaks in
the coils of the relay electro-magnet, to which the motor electro-magnet 6,
responds and is comprised of a conducting disc d', insulated from the shaft Ɑ, and
provided with insulating segments corresponding in position with divisions on
the type-wheel a¹, a second conducting disc 2, insulated from the shaft a, and
in electrical connection with the disc d', a contact spring ³, for the disc d', and
an adjustable contact spring d, for the disc d'. e, is a type-wheel shaft locking
and releasing device comprising a spur-wheel e¹, having spaces corresponding
in number and position with the divisions on the type-wheel a', and a spring
controlled armature lever e², provided with a detent adapted to engage the spaces
between the teeth of the spur-wheel e¹. In this connection it may be remarked
that in use the adjustable contact spring d', is adjusted in such manner that when
the shaft is arrested by the armature lever e³, the spring d, occupies a position
at or near the edge of the segment of the disc d', upon which it is travelling,
as shown in Fig. 10, so that the armature of the electro-motor, cannot complete
its stroke; and moreover, the condition of the line is not changed by such
arrest of the type-wheel shaft. However, when the type-wheel' shalt a, is arrested
by the unison latch c', the spring d', rests upon an insulating segment of the
disc d'. These adjustments or peculiarities of construction are productive of
several advantageous results, as will be hereinafter more fully explained. f, Fig. 8,
is a sunflower device comprising a rigidly supported conducting annulus f, an
annulus, composed of insulating and conducting segments, and a conducting
brush, sweeping over the annular parts of the sunflower and carried by an
insulating arm projecting from the type-wheel shaft a. ƒ ƒ and f, are print-keys
corresponding with the characters upon the type-wheel a', and f', is a double
contact unison key. g, is a three-way revoluble switch insulated from the shaft a,
and comprising contact springs g³, g² and g³, and a hub y, in electrical connection
with the contacts of the discs and 9. The disc g, is provided with one
insulating segment and the disc 98, is provided with one conducting segment and
these segments are in alignment with each other and with the blank space on the
type-wheel a', and are adapted to contact with the springs g¹ and 2, at unison
position for purposes to be presently described. h, is a spring controlled printing
and unison magnet armature-lever provided with a spring controlled pawl h',
adapted to feed the rack 2, of a paper carriage, not shown, and with a link h³,
for operating a pivotal detent, that co-operates with a rack ³, and thus
regulates and limits the feed imparted by the pawl h', to the paper-carriage.
The intermediate portion of this armature-lever h, is provided with a laterally
projecting arm 6, having an enlarged wedge-like extremity h², Fig. 4, upon
which a rod i, connected with and depending from a pivotal printing hammer i,
rides in such manner that when the armature-lever, is pulled up the wedge
like extremity, trips the rod i, and causes the printing pallet, to contact
with the paper and take an impression from one of the characters on the
type-wheel a'. The armature lever 1, is provided at or near its free extremity
and upon its underside with a wedge 8, Fig. 5, that engages one extremity of
a pivotal lever j, the other extremity of which engages one arm of a bell
crank lever having its other arm 3, in range of the spring controlled unison
latch c', so that when the armature lever h, is pulled up the wedge ³, operating
through the instrumentality of the levers j, and, cause the unison latch c¹,
to be thrown out of the outer end of its spiral and when the armature lever 1,
falls back under the influence of its retracting spring the unison latch c', is
again permitted to move under the influence of its spring into engagement

page_text: with the inner end of its spiral. By these means the pulling up of the armature
lever h, effects impressions, feeds the paper, and releases the unison latch. 9, is a
ratchet-switch comprising a wheel 1, Fig. 7, mounted upon the shaft a, and
provided with teeth disposed in alignment with the divisions on the type-wheel a',
and a ratchet q³, tending to fall into one of the spaces between the teeth and close
a printing circuit at its free end when the toothed wheel , is at rest, and
restrained normally from such movement by the rotation of the wheel, and at
unison position by a wide tooth 96, upon which it rests.
of
The set of local circuits that are employed in connection with the unison line
circuit for starting the instruments from unison position will now be described and
traced with special reference to Figs. 1 and 2, and in this connection it may be
remarked that each instrument is provided with two manual switches k and k', that
are turned into open position as shown in Fig. 1, when the instrument is used as a
transmitter and into closed position as shown in Fig. 2, when the instrument is
used as a receiver. At the transmitter, Fig. 1, the local unison circuit passes from
earth through a generator 1, by the conductor 1, through the outer annulus f¹, of
the sunflower device, through the brush f³, and the unison contact segment of the
inner annulus f2, of the sunflower device f, to the contact spring f8, of the normally
open double contact unison key f7, by a conductor 2. When the unison key f7, is
depressed the circuit branches, one branch constitutes the unison line circuit to be
presently described and the other branch passes through one of the contacts f³,
the unison key, thence by conductors 3 and 4 through the coils of the locking
electro-magnet e³, and thence by conductors 5 and to and through the coils of
the printing and locking electro-magnet h, and by a conductor 7, to earth. When
the unison keyf', is depressed the branch constituting the unison line circuit passes
from the outer contact 10, of the normally open double contact unison key f', and
then through a conductor 8, of high resistance to a conductor 9, to the single line
conductor 10, and by the manual switch ', and conductor 11, through the coils of
the relay magnet m, Fig. 2, and thence by a conductor 12 through a generator n,
and to earth by a conductor 20, at the receiver. The local unison circuit of the
receiver, Fig. 2, passes from earth by conductors 25 and 19, through a generator o,
and by a conductor 15, through the armature lever m¹, when the relay electro-
magnet m, is energized by the line unison circuit. Thence the local unison circuit
of the receiver passes by a conductor 16, through the contact springs g³ and g', of
the three-way revoluble switch g, by a conductor 26, to the conductor 4, and thence
by conductors 5, 6 and 7, through the coils of the locking electro-magnet e³, and
the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet h³, to earth.
The set of local printing and motor circuits that are employed in connection with
the normal printing line circuit, i.e. after the unison line circuit has been broken,
will now be traced and set forth.
At the transmitter, Fig. 1, the normal line circuit passes from earth by a
conductor 20, through the generator_n, by a conductor 12, through the coils of the
relay electro-magnet m, and by conductors 11 and 21, to the contact spring d', of
the circuit interrupter d, thence by the contact spring d³, conductors 22 and 9, to
the line conductor 10. Thence the normal line circuit passes by the switch k¹,
of the receiver, Fig. 2, and conductors 11, 12 and 20, through the coils of the relay
electro-magnet m, and generator n, to earth. The local printing circuit at the
transmitter is from earth through the generator 1, the conductor 1, the sunflower
device, conductors 13, 28 or 29, contacts of the keys f^, for fo, conductors 14,
3 and 4, through the coils of the locking electro-magnete, thence by the
conductors 5 and 6 through the coils of the unison and printing electro-magnet h³,
and thence to earth by the conductor 7. At the receiver the motor circuit com-
prises a generator o, and conductors 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, and is controlled by the
armature-lever m', of the relay electro-magnet m, and is closed at the three-way
revoluble switch g, through the coils of the motor electro-magnet 60, and the local
printing circuit passes from earth through the generator 1, by the conductor 23,
switch, and conductor 24, through the contacts q' and q', of the ratchet-switch q,

page_text: and thence by conductors 27, 6 and 7, to earth through the coils of the printing
and unison electro-magnet. However, at unison position this circuit is broken
by reason of the fact that the ratchet-switch 7, rests upon the wide tooth 9, of the
toothed wheel, and consequently breaks said circuit at the contacts 71 and 9².
Assuming that the instruments are in unison position as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,
the operations of starting them and of printing are as follows:-
The double contact unison key f', is depressed at the transmitter, thus closing
the local unison circuit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 through the coils of the locking electro-
magnete, and through the coils of the printing electro-magnet, it being
understood that the springs g' and 93, of the three-way revoluble switch g, are in
electrical connection with each other and that the line from the spring g³, is broken
at the armature-lever m¹, by reason of the fact that the spring d, of the circuit
interrupter d, rests upon an insulating segment. The magnetization of the locking
electro-magnet es, causes its armature-lever e³, to be pulled down into position for
locking the toothed-wheel e, and type-wheel shaft a, and the magnetization of the
printing and unison electro-magnet, causes its armature lever h, to be pulled
down with the result that the pawls and h, are brought into position for feeding
the paper carriage, the printing pallet, brings the paper into contact with the
blank space on the type-wheel a', and the unison latch c', is shifted out of engage-
ment with the outermost portion of its spiral c. The depression of the double
contact unison key f', also closes the unison line circuit 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, k¹, 11, 12
In this
and 20, thus energizing the relay electro-magnet m, at the receiver.
connection it may be remarked that the conductor 8, of high resistance causes a
proper distribution of the current from the generator 1, to line and through the
coils of the locking electro-magnet 3, and through the coils of the printing and
unison electro-magnet h³. The relay electro-magnet m, at the receiver being
thus energized pulls up its armature lever m and closes the local unison
circuit 25, 19, 15, 16, 26, 4, 5, 6 and 7 through the coils of the locking electro-
magnete and through the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet 1,
whereby the unison latch c', at the receiver is released and the shaft a, is
locked by the detent of the armature lever e², in precisely the same manner as
at the transmitter. The double unison contact key f, at the transmitter, is then
released, thus breaking the local unison circuit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, through
the coils of the locking electro-magnet e³, and through the coils of the
printing and unison electro-magnet h³, of the transmitter and also breaking
the unison line circuit 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 1, 11, 12 and 20, so that the relay electro-
magnet m, at the receiver is demagnetized and its armature lever m², is permitted
to break the local unison circuit 25, 15, 16, 26, 4, 5, 6 and 7, through the coils of
the locking electro magnet e³, and through the coils of the printing and unison electro-
magnet, of the receiver. Under these circumstances the unison latches at both
instruments are permitted to move under the influence of their retracting springs
into engagement with the innermost portions of their spirals and the armature
levers e³, are shifted into position for releasing the shaft a', so that the tension in
the respective retracting springs 6, of the motors, causes the type-wheel shafts of
both instruments to be slightly rotated, it Leing understood that the unison latches c',
always arrest the type-wheel shafts in such position that the retracting springs b³,
are in tension as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. This rotation of the shafts causes the
three-way switches g, at the transmitter and receiver to close the local motor
circuit 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, through the motor electro-magnet 610, by reason of the
fact that the contact springs and g', are in electrical connection with each other
through the discs go and go, and also causes the circuit interrupter d, at the trans-
mitter to make the normal line circuit 20, 12, 11, 21, 22, 9, (Fig. 1,) 10, k³, 11, 12
and 20 (Fig. 2,) through the coils of the relay electro-magnets m, of both instru-
The repetition of
ments and to subsequently break and again make the same.
these makes and breaks in the normal line circuit due to the ordinary operation
of the circuit interrupter at the transmitter, acting through the armature levers m¹ of
the relay electro-magnets m and in connection with the retracting springs 6³, and
B

page_text: motor electro-magnets 60, will cause the motors b, to propel the type-wheel shafts a
and perfect synchronism of movement is ensured, because each motor is controlled
by its relay and both relays are controlled by the circuit interrupter at the trans-
mitter. This is important, because accidental breakage in the line conductor 10,
would result in a stoppage of the transmitter, as well as of the receiver, so that the
operator at the transmitter would be apprised of the accident and would not attempt
to transmit messages until the necessary repairs have been effected.
The
depression of a letter key, for example, the key f, at the transmitter, causes the
local printing circuit 1, 13, 14, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, to be closed through it as soon as
the sunflower-brush, sweeps onto the contact connected with the conductor 13,
whereupon the locking electro-magnet es, and printing and unison electro-magnet hº,
are energized. Under these circumstances the locking electro-magnet e³, attracts
its armature and arrests the type-wheel shaft, and the printing and unison electro-
magnet feeds the paper, throws the unison latch out of action, and effects an
impression on the character of the type-wheel that corresponds to the character of
the depressed key. The locking electro-magnet e, at the transmitter, however,
arrests the type-wheel shaft before the spring d, has passed off the segment of the
disc d', over which it is travelling, as shown in Fig. 10, and when the motor has
completed its full stroke, as shown by full lines in Fig. 9. Consequently upon the
release of the key f, the unison latch will be returned to its initial position and
then proceed in the same manner as it did before the key f, was depressed. The
arrest of the circuit interrupter at the transmitter in the manner above described,
i.e. with the contact spring d', at or near the edge of the segment over which it is
travelling, causes the normal line circuit 20, 12, 11, 21, 22, 9, 10, (Fig. 1,) k', 11,
12 and 20, (Fig. 2,) to bring the relay electro-magnet at the receiver into a condition
corresponding to the condition of the relay electro-magnet at the transmitter.
Under these circumstances the relay at the receiver acting through its armature
lever m', arrests its motor and the latter arrests the receiver type-wheel shaft,
whereupon the ratchet-switch g³, falls between the teeth of the toothed wheel q',
and thus closes the local printing circuit 1, 23, k, 24, 27, 6 and 7, through the
printing and unison electro-magnet, and effects an impression at the receiver of
the character corresponding to the character of the depressed key and also releases
the unison latch and feeds the paper. When the printing key, is released, the
motor at the transmitter completes its stroke, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 9,
the unison latches are permitted to return to their initial positions and both instru-
ments are again set in motion. Inasmuch as the unison latches c¹, are returned to
their initial positions every time an impression is taken, it follows that another
letter key, as f, may be depressed at the transmitter before the shafts are permitted
to run to unison. However, whenever it becomes necessary or desirable to bring
the instruments to unison, this result may be accomplished by releasing all the keys,
and afterwards the instruments may be again operated in the manner above
described, or the switch k and k¹, in Fig. 1, máy be closed, and those in Fig. 2,
opened, with the result that the instrument of Fig. 2, becomes the transmitter and
the instrument of Fig. 1, the receiver.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains
that modifications may be made in details, for example, one generator may be
employed at each instrument and the respective circuits may be derived from it in
parallel or use may be made of a central station and of a plurality of instruments,
without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Dated this 28th day of November 1893.
ROBERT ASHWORTH FOWDEN,
Per J. G. Lorrain, M.I.E.E., M.I.M.E.,
Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Printing Telegraphs.
I, ROBERT ASHWORTH FOWDEN, a citizen of the United States, residing at
No. 4 Royal Street, in the City of Philadelphia, in the County of Philadelphia,
and State of Pennsylvania, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
1
The principal objects of my invention are first, to provide an efficient, reliable
and comparatively inexpensive printing telegraph instrument; second, to reduce
the number of parts and to simplify the construction of the mechanical and
electrical devices employed in connection with such instrument; third, to increase
the efficiency and to lessen the number of circuits and circuit connections in a
printing telegraph instrument; fourth, to provide compact mechanical and
electrical circuit controlling devices operating to increase the efficiency of a
printing telegraph instrument or a series of instruments looped together and to
lessen the number of circuits, electro-magnets and relays in such instrument or
instruments; fifth, to ensure perfect synchronism in the movement of the type-
wheel shafts of the instrument; sixth, to provide certain of the electro-magnets
with simple, reliable and durable mechanical appliances, whereby double duty is
performed by them; and seventh, to construct and arrange the circuit connections
of the line conductor or conductors in such manner that accidental interruption
or cutting out of the same arrests both the receiver and the transmitter, whereby
the operator at each instrument is apprised of the occurrence of any accident or of
want of synchronism in the movement of the instruments in circuit connected with
each other.
In a printing telegraph system embodying features of my invention, use is
made of instruments connected together by a single line conductor and provided
with duplicate mechanical and electrical devices operated synchronously by means
of two sets of local circuits and switches, whereof one set is employed for
transmitting and the other in receiving, and by means of two line circuits, of
which one is availed of, for releasing and starting the type-wheel shafts and the
other for effecting the printing operations and both of the said line circuits
traversing the single line conductor.
The mechanical and electrical devices at each instrument comprise a type-
wheel shaft, an electric motor operated by the armature-lever of an electro-magnet
and a retracting spring and adapted to revolve said shaft, a unison latch for
stopping said shaft and holding the retracting spring of the motor in tension at
the unison position to permit of the subsequent starting of the instrument under
the influence of the retracting spring of the motor, a circuit interrupter, that is,
an automatic circuit maker and breaker adapted to break the ordinary or normal
line circuit through the coils of relay electro-magnets of the transmitter and
receiver at the unison position, and also adapted to alternately make and break.
said ordinary line circuit at positions other than unison in order to operate the
motors and drive the shafts, à detent, toothed wheel and locking electro-magnet
for locking the shaft at the unison position and in each printing position with the
circuit interrupter in position for preventing the completion of the stroke of the
motor, whereby the motor is adapted to subsequently complete its stroke and
proceed in its customary manner; a sunflower device, brush, printing keys and
double contact unison key; a toothed wheel and ratchet switch tending to effect
an impression when the type-wheel shaft is arrested at any position other than the
unison position; a three-way revoluble switch adapted to break the local motor
position
circuit at the unison position and to permit the same to be closed at a
.other than the unison position and adapted to permit of the actuation of the

page_text: 1
unison and locking devices by means of the local unison circuit in order to permit
of the starting of the type-wheel shafts under the influence of the retracting
spring of the motor, and also adapted to prevent the closing of the local unison
circuit after the type-wheel shaft has been set in motion and until it is checked by
the ordinary operation of the unison latch; and a printing electro-magnet having
an armature lever for effecting impressions, feeding the paper and transferring the
unison latch from the outermost portion of its spiral to the innermost portion
thereof.
The set of local unison circuits that is employed in connection with the unison
line circuit and with said electrical and mechanical devices will now be described
and traced.
The local unison circuit at the transmitter passes from earth through a generator
to the unison contact of the sunflower device, thence to one set of contacts of a
normally open double contact unison key, thence through the coils of the locking
electro-magnet and through the coils of the unison and printing electro-magnet to
earth. It may he remarked that the unison line circuit passes from earth through
a generator, through the unison contact of the sunflower device to the other set of
contacts of the normally open double contact unison key, and then through a con-
ductor of high resistance to line, said conductor of high resistance serving to effect
a proper distribution of the current in the local and line unison circuits. From
the line the unison line circuit passes through the coils of a relay electro-magnet
and through a generator to earth at the receiver. The local unison circuit of the
receiver passes from earth through a generator, through the armature lever of
the relay electro-magnet, thence through the three way revoluble switch and
through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and the coils of the printing and
unison electro-magnet, to earth.
•
The set of local printing and motor circuits that are employed after the unison
line circuit has been broken and in connection with the normal printing line circuit,
and the above described mechanical and electrical devices, will now be traced and
described.
At the transmitter the normal line circuit passes from earth through a generator
and through the coils of a relay electro-maguet whose armature-lever controls and
closes the local motor circuit through a generator, the coils of the motor magnet
and through the three way switch, thence the normal line circuit passes through
the circuit interrupter to line, and thence through the coils of the relay electro-
magnet at the receiver and to earth through a generator. At the transmitter the
local printing circuit is from earth through a generator, the sunflower device,
contacts of the character keys, and through the coils of the locking electro-magnet,
and the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet, to earth.
At the receiver the local motor circuit is controlled by the armature lever of
the relay electro-magnet and is closed at the three way revoluble switch through
the motor electro-magnet; and the local printing circuit passes from earth through
a generator and through the contacts of the ratchet switch and thence through the
coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet to earth.
Assuming that the instruments are in the unison position the operation of
starting the instruments and of printing are as follows:-
The double contact unison key is depressed at the transmitter, thus closing the
local unison circuit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and through
the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet, whereby the unison latch is
released and the printing pallet is caused to contact with a blank space on the
type-wheel and the paper fed forward, and whereby the locking bar or detent is
brought into a position for locking the shaft. The depression of the unison key
also closes the unison line circuit, thereby energizing the relay electro-magnet at
the receiver. The relay electro magnet at the receiver being thus energized pulls
up its armature and closes the local unison three way revoluble switch circuit
through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and through the coils of the
printing and unison electro-magnets, whereby the unison latch at the receiver is

page_text: released and the shaft is locked by the locking bar or detent as at the transmitter,
so that both shafts are locked in position for holding the retracting springs of their
motors in unison. The unison key at the transmitter is then released, thereby
breaking the local unison cirenit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet
and through the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet of the transmitter
and also breaking the unison line circuit, so that the relay at the receiver is
demagnetized and its armature lever falls back and breaks the local unison circuit
through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and through the coils of the
printing and unison electro-magnets of the receiver. Under these conditions the
unison latches at both instruments are permitted to return under the influence of
their retracting springs to the innermost portions of their spirals and the tension
in the respective retracting springs of the motors causes the type-wheel shafts of
both instruments to be slightly rotated under the influence of the motor springs.
This rotation of the shafts causes the three way switches at the transmitter and
receiver to close the local motor circuits through the coils of the motor clectro-
magnets and also causes the circuit interrupter at the transmitter to make the
normal line circuit through the coils of the relay electro-magnets of both instru-
ments and to subsequently break the same and the repeated makes and breaks in
the normal line circuit due to the operation of the interrupter at the transmitter
will cause the motor circuits to be made and broken at the relay electro-magnets,
thereby causing the motors to actuate the type-wheel shafts and to ensure perfect
synchronism of movement, because each motor is controlled by its relay and both
relays are controlled by the circuit interrupter at each transmitter. The depression
of a letter key causes the local printing circuit to be closed through it at the
transmitter as soon as the sunflower brush sweeps onto its corresponding contact,
and then through the coils of the locking electro-magnet and through the coils of
the printing and unison electro-magnet, whereby the former operates to arrest
the type-wheel shaft and the latter releases the unison latch, feeds the paper and
effects an impression of the characters on the type-wheel corresponding with the
characters of a depressed key. The locking electro-magnet at the transmitter,
however, arrests its type-wheel shaft slightly before the motor has completed its
stroke, so that upon the release of the key the motor will first complete its stroke
and then proceed in the same manner that it did before the key was depressed.
The arrest of the type-wheel shaft at the transmitter at a character in the manner
above described causes its circuit interrupter to come to rest in position for causing
the normal line circuit to bring the relay electro-magnet at the receiver into a
condition corresponding with that of the relay electro-magnet at the transmitter.
Under these circumstances the relay electro-magnet at the receiver acting through
its armature-lever, arrests the motor and the latter arrests the receiver type-wheel
shaft, whereupon the ratchet switch falls between the teeth of its toothed wheel,
and thereby closes the circuit through the coils of the printing and unison electro-
magnet and effects an impression at the receiver. When the printing key is
released at the receiver, the motor completes its stroke so that both instruments
are automatically set in motion and inasmuch as the unison latch is returned to its
initial position during the printing operation, it follows that other letter keys may
be depressed, in order to print other characters. If this is not done both instru-
ments run to unison and may be again operated in the manner hereinbefore
described.
My invention consists of a printing telegraph system provided with relay
electro-magnets interposed in the line circuit and adapted to control local motor
circuits at the transmitter and receiver, whereby synchronism in the movement of
the type-wheels of both the transmitter and the receiver, is ensured.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with relay
electro-magnets interposed in the line circuit and adapted to control local motor
circuits at both instruments, and a circuit interrupter located at the instrument
operating as a transmitter and adapted to control the line circuit.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a trans-

page_text: mitter and receiver respectively having motors responding to makes and breaks
in a normal line circuit, whereby an accidental interruption in the line circuit
arrests the motor of each instrument in corresponding position.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with motors at
each instrument responding to makes and breaks in line produced by the revolu-
tion of the type-wheel shaft at the transmitter, a local printing circuit and devices
for effecting an impression and arresting the type-wheel shaft at the transmitter,
whereby the motor at the receiver is caused to arrest its type-wheel shaft, and a
local printing circuit and devices at the receiver controlled by a ratchet switch and
adapted to effect an impression upon the arrest of the type-wheel shaft of the
receiver.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with relay
electro-magnets adapted to control local motor circuits and motors at each
instrument and responding to makes and breaks in line produced by a circuit
interrupter at the transmitter, a local printing circuit and devices for effecting an
impression and arresting the type-wheel shaft and a circuit interrupter at the
transmitter, whereby the motor at the receiver is caused to arrest its type-wheel
shaft, and a local printing circuit and devices at the receiver controlled by a
ratchet switch and adapted to effect an impression upon the arrest of the type-
wheel shaft of the receiver.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a receiver
and a transmitter normally operated by motors responding to makes and breaks
produced in line by the revolution of the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a
local printing circuit and devices operating by the depression of a key at the
transmitter to effect an impression and arrest the type-wheel shaft before the
transmitter motor completes its stroke and before the line circuit is made or broken,
whereby the motor at the receiver arrests its type-wheel shaft and effects an
impression through the intervention of a local printing circuit and devices
controlled by the revolution of the receiver type-wheel shaft, and whereby the
motors of both instruments are permitted to again start upon the release of the key
and by the completion of the partial stroke of the transmitter motor.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a receiver
and a transmitter normally operated by motors and local motor circuits controlled
by relay electro-magnets responding to makes and breaks produced in line by a
circuit interrupter on the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a local printing
circuit and devices operating by the depression of a key at the transmitter to
effect an impression and to arrest the type-wheel shaft before the transmitter
motor completes its stroke and before the circuit interrupter makes or breaks the
line circuit, whereby the relay electro-magnet at the receiver acting through its
local motor circuit causes the motor to arrest the receiver type-wheel shaft and
whereby the motors of both instruments are permitted to again start upon the
release of the key and by the completion of the partial stroke of the transmitter
motor.
о
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a transmitter
and receiver each having an electric motor adapted to drive the type-wheel shaft
and responding to makes and breaks in the normal line produced by a circuit
interrupter at the transmitter, and each having a unison latch adapted to arrest its
type-wheel shaft with the retracting spring of the motor thereof in tension and
with the circuit interrupter in position for breaking the normal line circuit, whereby
the motors may be permitted to start under the influence of their retracting
springs when the shafts are released.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph having a transmitter and a
receiver respectively provided with a motor responding to makes and breaks in a
normal line circuit and driving the type-wheel shaft, a unison latch for locking the
type-wheel shaft in such position that the retracting spring of the motor tends to
start it, a detent for locking said shaft, electro-magnets and circuit connections for
operating said unison latch and detent, a revoluble switch actuated by the type-

page_text: wheel shaft and adapted to cut out the normal line circuit aud include the unison.
circuits at unison position of the shaft, a double contact unison key at the transmitter
for controlling the local printing circuit and devices to release the unison latch and
lock and unlock the transmitter type-wheel shaft and for controlling the unison line
circuit to release the unison latch and lock and unlock the receiver type-wheel
shaft through the instrumentality of a relay and local circuit.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph having a revoluble wheel
provided with teeth and a ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit and
riding on said teeth as the wheel is rotated and entering a space between said teeth
upon the arrest of the wheel.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with a
toothed wheel actuated by a type-wheel shaft and having a wide tooth, and a
ratchet switch controlling a local printing circuit and tending to enter the spaces
between the teeth of said wheel upon the arrest of the shaft and restrained from
such movement at the unison position of the shaft by the wide tooth.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument having an
armature lever provided with impression and unison latch actuating devices and
having a magnet for actuating said armature lever.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with a
sunflower device comprising a conducting annulus and an annulus having conducting
and insulating segments, an insulated brush sweeping over each annulus, circuit
connections from earth through a generator to the conducting annulus and through
the brush and conducting segments to character keys controlling a local printing
circuit and to a double contact unison key controlling said local printing circuit and
also a unison line circuit.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with a
three way revoluble switch moving with the type-wheel shaft and adapted to
interrupt a local motor circuit at the unison position and to permit of the closing of
the same at other positions, and adapted to permit of the closing of a circuit.
through the coils of a printing and unison electro-magnet and through the coils of a
locking electro-magnet at unison position and to prevent the closing of the circuit..
through said electro-magnets at other positions.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph instrument provided with a
circuit interrupter moving with the type-wheel shaft and adapted to actuate motors
at the respective instruments, a spur-wheel mounted on said shaft, a detent for
engaging said spur-wheel and arresting the circuit interrupter just before its contact
passes the segment over which it is travelling whereby the transmitter motor is
arrested before the completion of its stroke.
My invention further consists of a printing telegraph provided with a type-wheel
shaft, an electro-motor and its connections for driving said shaft, and a unison latch
adapted to arrest said shaft in position for maintaining the retracting spring of the
motor in tension; and
My invention further consists of the improvements in printing telegraphs herein-
after described and claimed.
The nature and general features of my invention will be more fully understood
from the following description taken in connection with the drawings, left with the
Provisional Specification, forming part hereof; and in which
Figure 1, is a diagrammatic view illustrating a printing telegraph instrument
embodying features of my invention and arranged as a transmitter, and showing
also the parts of said instrument in the unison position with the retracting springs
of the motor held in tension by the unison latch and the motor.
Fig. 2, is a similar view of a printing telegraph instrument embodying features
of my invention and arranged as a receiver.
Fig. 3, is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section taken from the
top of Sheet 1, and illustrating the armature-lever of the printing and unison
electro-magnet and showing also mechanism embodying features of my invention
operated thereby, and adapted to actuate the printing-pallet and unison-latch.

page_text: Fig. 4, is a sectional view taken on the line 4-4, of Fig. 3, and illustrating
details of construction of the printing pallet operating devices.
Fig. 5, is an elevational view of the right hand end of the armature lever shown
in Fig. 3, illustrating the construction of certain of the parts that actuate the
unison-latch.
Fig. 6. is an elevational view partly in section taken from the bottom of Sheet 1,
and illustrating certain parts of the electric-motor; and also showing the means
whereby when the type-wheel shaft is arrested the motor is likewise arrested.
Fig. 7, is a front view of the ratchet-switch showing the same provided with a
toothed wheel having a wide unison tooth and also showing an efficient form of
ratchet-switch which is somewhat distorted in Figs. 1 and 2, for the purposes of
diagrammatic illustration.
Fig. 8, is a view of the sunflower and brush..
Fig. 9, is a diagrammatic view illustrating portions of a type-wheel shaft
provided with a spur or toothed wheel and with a circuit interrupter controlling
the circuit of an electric-motor adapted to drive the shaft and showing a contact
sweeping over the segments of the circuit maker and breaker, and a detent for
locking the type-wheel shaft before the contact has passed off a segment over
which it is travelling, whereby the motor is arrested before the completion of its
stroke; and
Fig. 10, is a perspective view showing certain of the parts illustrated in Fig. 9.
In the drawings a, is a type-wheel shaft afforded freedom of rotary motion in
suitable bearings, not shown, and provided with a type-wheel a', having in the
present instance upon its rim thirty nine characters and one space, not shown.
b, is an electric motor adapted to drive the type-wheel shaft a, with a uniform step
by step movement and comprising a ratchet-wheel 6', and a star or stop-wheel 6³,
secured to the shaft a, a bar b³, provided with spring controlled pawls and b,
for rotating the ratchet wheel b₁, and with stops 6 and 7, for engaging the star-
wheel, at or near the completion of the stroke of each pawl, an armature lever,
and a retracting spring, and motor electro-magnet 610, for reciprocating the
bar ³. When the motor electro-magnet 60, is energized its armature lever ³,
shifts the bar b', towards the right in Fig. 6, thus causing the pawl 64, to engage
the ratchet-wheel ', and rotate the shaft a, in the direction of the arrow, until the
stop, meshes with the teeth of the star-wheel 63, and arrests the shaft a, in such
position that one of the characters on the type-wheel a¹, is in proper position for
permitting an impression to be taken from it." When the motor electro-magnet 610,
is demagnetized the retracting spring, shifts the bar, towards the left in
Fig. 6, thus causing the pawl, to engage the ratchet-wheel ', and rotate the
shaft in the direction of the arrow until the stop 7, meshes with the teeth of the
star-wheel, and arrests the shaft a, in such position that the next character of
the type-wheel is in proper position for permitting an impression to be taken from
it. Subsequent magnetization and demagnetization of the motor electro-magnet 6,10,
cause the bar 3, to be shifted back and forth with the result that the pawls
and, and stops and 7, rotate the type-wheel shaft a, with an intermittent
motion and in such manner that successive characters on the type-wheel a', are
brought into printing position by the actions of the motor. c, is a unison spiral
mounted on the type-wheel shaft a, and provided with a spring controlled unison
latch e, adapted to engage the outer end of the spiral and thus arrest the type-
wheel shaft a, when the blank space on the type-wheel a', is in the position
herein before designated, the printing position, and when the retracting spring, of
the motor is in tension. In this connection it may be remarked that the arrest of
the type-wheel shaft a, by the unison latch c', causes the ratchet-wheel, to
hold the pawl, and thus prevent movement of the bar 3, whereby the retracting
spring, is held in tension, so as to permit of the subsequent starting of the
motors as will be hereinafter fully described. d, is a circuit interrupter adapted
to produce makes and breaks in the coils of the relay electro-magnet, to which
the motor electro-magnet 60, responds and is composed of a conducting disc d',

page_text: insulated from the shaft a, and provided with insulating segments corresponding in
position with divisions on the type-wheel a', a second conducting disc d', insulated
from the shaft a, and in electrical connection with the disc d', a contact spring d³,
for the disc d², and an adjustable contact spring d', for the disc d'. e, is a type-
wheel shaft locking and releasing device comprising a spur-wheel e', having spaces
corresponding in number and position with the divisions on the type-wheel a',
and a spring controlled armature lever e³, provided with a detent adapted to
engage the spaces between the teeth of the spur-wheel e¹. In this connection it
may be remarked that in use the adjustable contact spring d', is adjusted in such
manner that when the shaft a, is arrested by the armature lever e², the spring d',
occupies a position at or near the edge of the segment of the disc d', upon which
it is travelling, as shown in Fig. 10, so that the armature of the electro-motor b,
cannot complete its stroke, and moreover, the condition of the line is not changed
by such arrest of the type-wheel shaft. However, when the type-wheel shaft a,
is
arrested by the unison latch c', the spring d, rests upon an insulating segment of
the disc d. These adjustments or peculiarities of construction are productive of
several advantageous results, as will be hereinafter more fully explained. f, Fig. 8,
is a sunflower device comprising a rigidly supported conducting annulus f, an
annulus composed of insulating and conducting segments, and a conducting
brush, sweeping over the annular parts of the sunflower and carried by an
insulating arm projecting from the type-wheel shaft a. f, f and f, are
printing keys corresponding with the characters upon the type-wheel a', and f",
is a double contact unison key. 9, is a three way revoluble switch insulated
from the shaft a, and comprising contact springs g¹, 92 and 9, and a hub g*,
in electrical connection with the contacts of the discs 7 and g. The disc g',
is provided with one insulating segment and the disc g, is provided with one
conducting segment and these segments are in alignment with each other
and with the blank space on the type-wheel a', and are adapted to contact
with the springs g₁ and 92, at unison position for purposes to be presently
described. h, is a spring controlled printing and unison magnet armature-lever
provided with a spring controlled pawl h', adapted to feed the rack h³, of a
paper carriage, not shown, and with a link h³, for operating a pivotal detent h',
that co-operates with a rack, and thus regulates and limits the feed imparted by
the pawl, to the paper carriage. The intermediate portion of this armature
lever, is provided with a laterally projecting arm 46, having an enlarged wedge-
like extremity h', Fig. 4, upon which a rod i, connected with and depending from
a pivotal printing hammer i, rides in such manner that when the armature-lever. h,
is pulled up the wedge like extremity h, trips the rod i, and causes the printing
pallet, to contact with the paper and take an impression from one of the characters
on the type-wheel a'. The armature lever h, is provided at or near its free
extremity and upon its underside with a wedge 8, Fig. 5, that engages one extremity
of a pivotal lever j, the other extremity of which engages one arm, of a bell crank
lever having its other arm 3, in range of the spring controlled unison latch c¹,
so that when the armature lever h, is pulled up the wedge 8, operating through the
instrumentality of the levers, and 3, causes the unison latch c', to be thrown
out of the outer end of its spiral and when the armature lever h, falls back under
the influence of its retracting spring the unison latch c', is again permitted to
move under the influence of its spring into engagement with the inner end of its
spiral. By these means the pulling up of the armature lever h, effects impressions,
feeds the paper, and releases the unison latch. q, is a ratchet-switch comprising a
wheel g, Fig. 7, mounted upon the shaft a, and provided with teeth disposed in
alignment with the divisions on the type-wheel a', and a ratchet 93, tending to fall
into one of the spaces between the teeth and close a printing circuit at its free end
when the toothed wheel qt, is at rest, and restrained normally from such movement
by the rotation of the wheel, and at unison position by a wide tooth 98, upon which
it rests.
The set of local unison circuits that is employed in connection with the unison
C

page_text: line circuit for starting the instruments from unison position will now be described
and traced with special reference to Figs. 1 and 2, and in this connection it may be
remarked that each instrument is provided with two manual switches k and k', that
are turned into open position as shown in Fig. 1, when the instrument is used as a
transmitter and into closed position as shown in Fig. 2, when the instrument is used
as a receiver. At the transmitter, Fig. 1; the local unison circuit passes from
earth through a generator 1, by the conductor 1, through the outer annulus f¹, of
the sunflower device, through the brush f³, and the unison contact segment of the
inner annulus, of the sunflower device f, to the contact spring f8, of the normally
open double contact unison key f', by a conductor 2. When the unison key f', is
depressed the circuit branches, one branch constitutes the unison line circuit to be
presently described and the other branch passes through one of the contacts fo, of
the unison key, thence by conductors 3 and 4 through the coils of the locking
electro-magnet es, and thence by conductors 5 and 6 to and through the coils of
the printing and locking electro-magnet 18, and by a conductor 7, to earth. When
the unison key f, is depressed the branch constituting the unison line circuit passes
from the other contact 10, of the normally open double contact unison key f, and
then through a conductor 8, of high resistance to a conductor 9, to the single line
conductor 10, and by the manual switch k¹, and conductor 11, through the coils of
the relay magnet m, Fig. 2, and thence by a conductor 12 through a generator n,
and to earth by a conductor 20, at the receiver. The local unison circuit of the
receiver, Fig. 2, passes from earth by conductors 25 and 19, through a generator o,
and by a conductor 15, through the armature lever m¹, when the relay electro-
magnet m, is energized by the line unison circuit. Thence the local unison circuit
of the receiver passes by a conductor 16, through the contact springs g³ and g', of
the three way revoluble switch g, by a conductor 26, to the conductor 4, and thence
by conductors 5, 6 and 7, through the coils of the locking electro-magnet e³, and
the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet, to earth.
The set of local printing and motor circuits that is employed in connection with
the normal printing line circuit, i.e. after the unison line circuit has been broken
will now be traced and set forth.
At the transmitter, Fig. 1, the normal line circuit passes from earth by a
conductor 20, through the generator n, by a conductor 12, through the coils of the
relay electro-magnet m, and by conductors 11 and 21 to the contact spring d³, of
the circuit interrupter d, thence by the contact spring d', conductors 22 and 9, to
the line conductor 10. Thence the normal line circuit passes by the switch k¹,
of the receiver, Fig. 2, and conductors 11, 12 and 20, through the coils of the relay
electro-magnet m, and generator n, to earth. The local printing circuit at the
transmitter is from earth through the generator 1, the conductor 1, the sunflower
device, conductors 13, 28 or 29, contacts of the keys f, for f*, conductors 14, 3
and 4, through the coils of the locking electro-magnet e³, thence by the conductors 5
and 6 through the coils of the unison ànd printing electro-magnet Aº, and thence
to earth by the conductor 7. At the receiver the motor circuit comprises a
generator o, and conductors 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, and is controlled by the armature-
lever m', of the relay electro-magnet m, and is closed at the three-way revoluble
switch g, through the coils of the motor electro-magnet 610, and the local printing
circuit passes from earth through the generator 1, by the conductor 23, switch k,
and conductor 24, through the contacts q' and q², of the ratchet-switch 7, and
thence by conductors 27, 6 and 7, to earth through the coils of the printing and
unison electro-magnet. However, at unison position this circuit is broken by
reason of the fact that the ratchet-switch q, rests upon the wide tooth 9, of the
toothed wheel *, and consequently breaks said circuit at the contacts and ².
Assuming that the instruments are in unison position as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,
the operations of starting them and of printing are as follows:-
The double contact unison key f', is depressed at the transmitter, thus closing
the local unison circuit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 through the coils of the locking
electro-magnet e³, and through the coils of the printing electro-magnet h³, it being

page_text: understood that the springs g' and 93, of the three way revoluble switch g, are in
electrical connection with each other and that the line from the spring o³, is broken
at the armature-lever m¹, by reason of the fact that the spring d', of the circuit
interrupter d, rests upon an insulating segment. The magnetization of the locking
electro-magnet e³, causes its armature-lever e³, to be pulled down into position for
locking the toothed wheel e', and type-wheel shaft a, and the magnetization of the
printing and unison electro-magnet h°, causes its armature lever h, to be pulled
down with the result that the pawls h¹ and h, are brought into position for feeding
the paper carriage, the printing pallet, brings the paper into contact with the
blank space on the type-wheel a', and the unison latch c¹, is shifted out of engage-
ment with the outermost portion of its spiral c. The depression of the double
contact unison key f', also closes the unison line circuit 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, ³, 11, 12
and 20, thus energizing the relay electro-magnet m, at the receiver. In this
connection it may be remarked that the conductor 8, of high resistance causes a
proper distribution of the current from the generator 1, to line and through the
coils of the locking electro-magnet es, and through the coils of the printing and
unison electro-magnet . The relay electro-magnet m, at the receiver being thus
energized pulls up its armature lever m', and closes the local unison circuit 25, 19,
15, 16, 26, 4, 5, 6 and 7, through the coils of the locking electro-magnet e³, and
through the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet, whereby the unison
latch c', at the receiver is released and the shaft a, is locked by the detent of the
armature lever e², in precisely the same manner as at the transmitter. The double
unison contact key f, at the transmitter, is then released, thus breaking the local
unison circuit 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, through the coils of the locking electro-
magnet es, and through the coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet, of
the transmitter and also breaking the unison line circuit 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 1, 11, 12
and 20, so that the relay electro-magnet m, at the receiver is demagnetized and its
armature lever m², is permitted to break the local unison circuit 25, 15, 16, 26, 4,
5, 6 and 7, through the coils of the locking electro magnet e³, and through the coils
of the printing and unison electro-magnet, of the receiver. Under these
circumstances the unison latches at both instruments are permitted to move under
the influence of their retracting springs into engagement with the innermost
portions of their spirals and the armature levers e, are shifted into position for
releasing the shaft a', so that the tension in the respective retracting springs 6, of
the motors, causes the type-wheel shafts of both instruments to be slightly rotated,
it being understood that the unison latches e¹, always arrest the type-wheel shafts
in such position that the retracting springs 6º, are in tension as shown in Figs. 1
and 2. This rotation of the shafts causes the three way switches g, at the trans-
mitter and receiver to close the local motor circuit 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, through
the motor electro-magnet 60, by reason of the fact that the contact springs g
and y, are in electrical connection with each other through the discs g' and g³, and
also causes the circuit interrupter d, at the transmitter to make the normal line
circuit 20, 12, 11, 21, 22, 9, (Fig. 1,) 10, k¹, 11, 12 and 20, (Fig. 2) through the
coils of the relay electro-magnets m, of both instruments and to subsequently break
and again make the same. The repetition of these makes and breaks in the normal
line circuit due to the ordinary operation of the circuit interrupter at the trans-
mitter acting through the armature levers m³, of the relay electro-magnets mand
in connection with the retracting springs 6, and motor electro-magnets 610, will
cause the motors b, to propel the type-wheel shafts a, and perfect synchronism of
movement is ensured, because each motor is controlled by its relay and both relays
are controlled by the circuit interrupter at the transmitter. This is important,
because accidental breakage in the line conductor 10, would result in a stoppage of
the transmitter, as well as of the receiver, so that the operator at the transınitter
would be apprised of the accident and would not attempt to transmit messages
until the necessary repairs bave been effected. The depression of a letter key, for
example, the key f, at the transmitter, causes the local printing circuit 1, 13, 14,
3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, to be closed through it as soon as the sunflower brush f³, sweeps

page_text: onto the contact connected with the conductor 13, whereupon the locking electro-
magnete, and printing and unison electro-magnet 4°, are energized. Under these
circumstances the locking electro-magnet e, attracts its armature and arrests the
type-wheel shaft, and the printing and unison electro-magnet feeds the paper,
throws the unison latch out of action, and effects an impression on the character
of the type-wheel that corresponds to the character of the depressed key. The
locking electro-magnet e, at the transmitter, however, arrests the type-wheel shaft
before the spring d', has passed off the segment of the disc d', over which it is
travelling, as shown in Fig. 10, and before the motor has completed its full stroke,
as shown by full lines in Fig. 9. Consequently upon the release of the key f, the
unison latch will be returned to its initial position and the motor will first complete
its stroke and then proceed in the same manner as it did before the key f, was
depressed. The arrest of the circuit interrupter at the transmitter in the manner
above described, i.e. with the contact spring &', at or near the edge of the segment
over which it is travelling, causes the normal line circuit 20, 12, 11, 21, 22, 9, 10,
(Fig. 1,) ♬³, 11, 12 and 20, (Fig. 2,) to bring the relay electro-magnet at the
receiver into a condition corresponding to the condition of the relay electro-magnet
at the transmitter. Under these circumstances the relay at the receiver acting
through its armature lever m', arrests its motor and the latter arrests the receiver
type-wheel shaft, whereupon the ratchet-switch 93, falls between the teeth of the
toothed wheel q', and thus closes the local printing circuit 1, 23, k, 24, 27, 6 and 7,
through the printing and unison electro-magnet, and effects an impression at the
receiver of the character corresponding to the character of the depressed key and
also releases the unison latch and feeds the paper. When the printing key f, is
released, the motor at the transmitter completes its stroke, as shown by dotted
lines in Fig. 9, the unison latches are permitted to return to their initial positions
and both instruments are again set in motion. Inasmuch as the unison latches c',
are returned to their initial positions every time an impression is taken, it follows
that another letter key, as f*, may be depressed at the transmitter before the shafts
are permitted to run to unison. However, whenever it becomes necessary or
desirable to bring the instruments to unison, this result may be accomplished by
releasing all the keys, and afterwards the instruments may be again operated in
the manner above described, or the switches k and k¹, in Fig. 1, may be closed, and
those in Fig. 2, opened, with the result that the instrument of Fig. 2, becomes
the transmitter and the instrument of Fig. 1, the receiver.
It will be obvious to those skilled in the art to which my invention appertains
that modifications may be made in details, for example, one generator may he
employed at each instrument and the respective circuits may be derived from it in
parallel or use may be made of a central station and of a plurality of instruments,
without departing from the spirit of
my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A printing telegraph system, comprising relay electro-magnets adapted to
control local motor circuits at the transmitter and receiver and responding to makes
and breaks in a line circuit, and a revoluble circuit maker and breaker interposed
in the conductor of said line circuit and mounted on the transmitter type-wheel
shaft, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. A printing telegraph system, comprising relay electro-magnets interposed in
the line circuit and adapted to control the local motor-circuits at the transmitter
and receiver, a conducting disc and a disc having peripheral insulations alternating
with contacts in electrical connection with the conducting disk mounted on the
transmitter type-wheel shaft, and contact springs bearing on said disks and
interposed in the line circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. A printing telegraph system, comprising a transmitter and receiver provided
with motors responding to makes and breaks in a normal line circuit, a conducting

page_text: disk and a disk having peripheral insulations alternating with contacts in electrical
connection with the conducting disk mounted on the transmitter type-wheel shaft,
and contact springs bearing on said disks and interposed in the line circuit,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
4. A printing telegraph system, comprising motors at the transmitter and
receiver instruments responding to makes and breaks in line, a circuit maker and
breaker interposed in the line circuit and mounted on the type-wheel shaft at
the transmitter, relay electro-magnets interposed in the line circuit and adapted
to control the local motor circuit of the transmitter and receiver instruments, a
printing circuit and devices at the transmitter independent of the line circuit.
for effecting an impression and arresting the type-wheel shaft thereof, a printing
circuit at the receiver and a ratchet switch and said circuit controlled by said
switch and adapted to effect an impression upon the arrest of the type-wheel
shaft thereof, substantially as and for the purposes set forth..
5. A printing telegraph system, comprising a receiver and transmitter normally
operated by motors responding to makes and breaks produced in line by the
revolution of the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a local printing circuit
and devices operating by the depression of a key at the transmitter to effect an
impression and arrest the type-wheel shaft before the completion of the stroke
of the transmitter motor and before the line circuit is made or broken, whereby
the motor at the receiver arrests its type-wheel shaft and effects an impression
through the intervention of a local printing circuit controlled by the revolution
of the receiver type-wheel shaft and whereby the motors of both instruments
are permitted to again start upon the release of the key and by the completion
of the partial stroke of the transmitter motor, substantially as set forth.
6. A printing telegraph system comprising a receiver and a transmitter normally
operated by motors and local motor circuits controlled by relay electro-magnets
responding to makes and breaks produced in line by a circuit interrupter on the
type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a local printing circuit and devices operating
by the depression of a key at the transmitter to effect an impression and arrest
the type-wheel shaft before the completion of the stroke of the transmitter
motor and before the circuit interrupter makes and breaks the line circuit,
whereby the relay electro-magnet at the receiver acting through its local motor
circuit causes the motor to arrest the receiver type-wheel shaft, and whereby
the motors of both instruments are permitted to again start upon the release of
the key and by the completion of the partial stroke of the transmitter motor,
substantially as set forth.
7. A printing telegraph system comprising a receiver and a transmitter normally
operated by motors responding to makes and breaks produced in line by a circuit
interrupter on the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a local printing circuit
and devices operating by the depression of a key at the transmitter to effect
an impression and arrest the type-wheel shaft before the completion of the
stroke of the transmitter motor and before the circuit interrupter makes or
breaks the line circuit, whereby the motor at the transmitter is arrested and
arrests its type-wheel shaft, and whereby the motors of both instruments are
permitted to again start upon the release of the key and by the completion of
the partial stroke of the transmitter motor, substantially as set forth.
8. A printing telegraph system comprising a transmitter and a receiver each
having an electro-motor adapted to drive a type-wheel shaft and responding to
makes and breaks in the normal line circuit produced by a circuit interrupter at
the transmitter and each having a unison latch adapted to arrest its type-wheel
shaft with the retracting spring of the motor thereof in tension and with the circuit
interrupter in position for breaking the normal line circuit, whereby the motors are
adapted to start under the influence of their retracting springs and by the release
of the type-wheel shafts, substantially as set forth.
9. A printing telegraph system, comprising a transmitter and a receiver each
having a relay electro-magnet responding to makes and breaks in the normal line

page_text: circuit produced by an interrupter on the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter, a
motor operating the driving shaft and controlled by the armature-lever of said
relay electro-magnet through circuit connections, and a unison-latch adapted to
arrest its type-wheel shaft with the retracting-spring of the motor in tension and
with the circuit interrupter in position for breaking the normal line circuit,
whereby the motors are permitted to start under the influence of their retracting
springs and by the release of the type-wheel shafts, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
10. A printing telegraph system comprising a transmitter and a receiver and
each provided with a motor responding to makes and breaks in a line circuit and
adapted to drive the type-wheel shaft, a unison-device for locking the type-wheel
shaft in such position that the retracting spring of the motor tends to start it, a
detent for locking said shaft, magnets for operating said unison-latch and detent,
a revoluble switch actuated by the type-wheel shaft and adapted to cut out the line
circuit and include the local unison circuit at the unison position of the shaft, a
double contact unison key at the transmitter for controlling the local printing
circuit to release said unison-device and lock and unlock the transmitter type-wheel
shaft and for controlling the unison line circuit to release said unison device and
lock and unlock the receiver type-wheel shaft through the intervention of a relay
electro-magnet and a local circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
11. In a printing telegraph system comprising a single line conductor adapted to
be included in a line circuit, and in a unison line circuit, a transmitter and a
receiver normally operated by motors responding to makes and breaks in the line
circuit and provided with means for automatically closing the unison line circuit
through said conductor at the unison position and for closing the line circuit
through said conductor at other positions, local motor circuits at each instrument
and a local printing circuit and devices controlled by a key at the transmitter and
a local printing circuit and devices controlled by the type-wheel shaft at the
receiver and a local unison circuit and devices controlled by a unison-key at the
transmitter and a local unison circuit and devices controlled by a relay and
armature lever and an automatic switch on the type-wheel shaft at the receiver,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
12. In a printing telegraph system, a single line conductor adapted to be included
in a line circuit and in a unison line circuit, combined transmitters and receivers
normally operated through relay electro-magnets controlling the local circuits of
motors and responding to makes and breaks in said line circuit and provided
respectively with two sets of local unison and printing circuits and devices,
automatic switches mounted on the type-wheel shafts and adapted to include one
set of local circuits at unison position and the other set at other positions, and
manual-switches for changing the circuits to cause the instruments to operate as
transmitters and receivers, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
13. A printing telegraph system comprising a receiver and a transmitter having
unison and locking electro-magnets and devices, a relay electro-magnet at the
receiver adapted to control a local unison circuit through its armature-lever and
through the coils of the unison and the locking electro-magnets at the receiver, a
double contact unison key adapted to close a local unison circuit through the coils
of the unison and locking electro-magnets of the transmitter and to close a unison
line circuit through the coils of the relay electro-magnet at the receiver, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
14. A printing telegraph system comprising a receiver and a transmitter having
unison and locking electro-magnets and devices, a relay electro-magnet at the
receiver adapted to control a local unison circuit through its armature-lever and
through the coils of the unison aud of the locking electro-magnets at the receiver,
a double contact unison key adapted to close one branch of the circuit through the
coils of the unison and locking electro-magnets of the transmitter and to close the
other branch through a resistance and through the coils of the relay electro-magnet
at the receiver, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 15. In a printing telegraph system, a transmitter provided with a line circuit
maker and breaker mounted on its type-wheel shaft and with a locking electro-
magnet and its devices for arresting the type-wheel shaft and its line circuit maker
and breaker, a local circuit through the coils of said electro-magnet and a unison
key and character keys and their accessories adapted to make and break said local
circuit to stop and release the type-wheel shaft and cause the circuit maker and
breaker to suspend the makes and breaks in line, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
16. In a printing telegraph system, a receiver provided with a locking and a
unison electro-magnet, a local circuit through the coils of said magnets and adapted
to be made and broken by the armature-lever of a relay magnet responding to
makes and breaks in line, and a revoluble switch mounted on the receiver type-
wheel shaft and adapted to close said local circuit through the locking and unison
magnets only at unison position, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
17. In a printing telegraph system, a transmitter provided with a local printing
circuit independent of the line circuit, keys and a type-wheel shaft locking magnet
interposed in said local circuit, a receiver provided with a local printing circuit
and its accessories and adapted to automatically effect printing upon the arrest of
the receiver type-wheel shaft, and electrical and mechanical devices and circuits
independent of the local circuits and keys and operating upon the arrest of the
transmitter type-wheel shaft to stop the motor of the receiver type-wheel shaft,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
18. In a printing telegraph systein, an instrument provided with a switch
tending to close a local printing circuit and restrained from such action by the
movement of said instrument and at unison position, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
19. In a printing telegraph instrument, a locking electro-magnet for arresting
the type-wheel shaft, a printing and unison electro-magnet, a local circuit having
one branch controlled by keys and adapted to be closed through the coils of both
of said magnets, and having the other branch controlled by a switch tending to
close it through the printing electro-magnet and restrained from such action by
the movement of the instrument, and a manual-switch for opening and closing the
second branch circuit to permit of the operation of the instrument as a receiver or
transmitter, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
20. A printing telegraph system having a combined transmitting and receiving
instrument provided with a switch tending to close a local circuit and restrained
from such action by the actuation of said instrument and means for automatically
restraining such action of the switch at unison position, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
21. A printing telegraph system having a combined transmitting and receiving
instrument, means tending to close a local printing circuit and restrained from such
action by the actuation of said instrument, means, substantially as described, for
restraining such action of the switch at the unison position, and means substantially
as described adapted to open and close said local circuit to permit of its actuation
either as a transmitting or as a receiving instrument, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
22. A printing telegraph provided with an instrument having a ratchet-switch
tending to close a local printing circuit and restrained from such action by the
rotation of a toothed wheel, and means for restraining such action of the switch at
unison position, substantially as and for the purposes set forth..
23. A printing telegraph provided with an instrument having a ratchet-switch
tending to close a local printing circuit at positions other than unison and normally
restrained from such action by the rotation of a toothed-wheel, and a manual-switch
for opening and closing said local circuit to permit of the operation of the instrument
as a receiver or as a transmitter, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
24. A printing telegraph provided with an instrument having a pivotal-switch
tending to close a local printing circuit through its contacts at positions other than

page_text: unison and restrained from such action by the movement of the instrument,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
25. A printing telegraph provided with an instrument having a pivotal switch
tending to close a local printing-circuit through its contacts at positions other than
unison and restrained from such action by the movement of the instrument, and
a manual-switch for opening and closing said local circuit to permit of the
operation of the instrument as a receiver or as a transmitter, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
26. A printing telegraph provided with a toothed wheel moving with a type-wheel
shaft and a ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit and riding over the
teeth of said wheel as the shaft is rotated and entering a space between said teeth
upon the arrest of the shaft at positions other than unison, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
27. A printing telegraph provided with a toothed wheel moving with a type-wheel
shaft and a ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit and riding over the
teeth of said wheel as the shaft is rotated and entering a space between said teeth
upon the arrest of the shaft at positions other than unison, and a manual-switch for
opening and closing said local circuit to permit of the operation of the instrument
as a receiver and transmitter, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
28. A printing telegraph provided with a toothed wheel moving with a type-wheel
shaft and a pivotal ratchet-switch, whereof one end is provided with contacts
controlling a local printing circuit and whereof the other end rides over the teeth
of said wheel as the shaft is rotated and enters a space between the said teeth upon
the arrest of the shaft, at positions other than unison, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
29. A printing telegraph provided with a toothed-wheel moving with a type-wheel
shaft and a pivotal ratchet-switch, whereof one end is provided with contacts
controlling a local printing circuit, and whereof the other end rides over the teeth
of said wheel as the shaft is rotated and enters a space between said teeth upon
the arrest of the shaft at positions other than unison, and a manual-switch for
opening and closing said local circuit to permit of the operation of the instrument
as a receiver and transmitter, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
30. The combination, of a revoluble wheel provided with teeth, and a ratchet-
switch tending to enter the spaces between said teeth at positions other than unison
and normally restrained from such action by the revolution of the wheel,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
31. The combination, of a revoluble wheel provided with teeth, and a pivotal
switch tending to enter the spaces between said teeth at positions other than unison
and normally restrained from such action by the revolution of the wheel.
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
32. The combination, of a revoluble wheel provided with teeth and a pivotal
switch, whereof one end is provided with contacts and the other end tends to
enter the spaces between said teeth at positions other than unison normally restrained
from such action by the revolution of said wheel, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
33. A printing telegraph provided with a wheel having a series of teeth and a
comparatively wide tooth, a ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit and
tending to enter a space between said teeth upon the arrest of the wheel and
restrained from such movement at the unison position by the wide tooth, and a
manual-switch for opening and closing said local circuit, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
34. A printing telegraph provided with a wheel having a series of teeth and a
comparatively wide tooth, and a pivotal ratchet-switch controlling a local printing
circuit and tending to enter the spaces between said teeth upon the arrest of the
wheel and restrained from such movement at the unison position by the wide tooth,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
35. A printing telegraph provided with a wheel actuated by a type-wheel shaft

page_text: and having a wide tooth, a pivotal ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit
and tending to enter the spaces between said teeth upon the arrest of the shaft and
restrained from such movement at the unison position of the shaft by the wide tooth,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
36. A printing telegraph provided with a toothed wheel actuated by a type-
wheel shaft and having a wide tooth, a pivotal ratchet-switch controlling a focal
printing circuit and tending to enter the spaces between the teeth of said wheel
upon the arrest of the shaft and restrained from such movement at the unison
position of the shaft by the wide tooth, and a manual-switch for opening and closing
said local circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
37. A printing telegraph provided with a wheel having a series of teeth and a
comparatively wide tooth, and a ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit
and tending to enter the spaces between said teeth upon the arrest of the wheel
and restrained from such movement at the unison position by the wide tooth,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
38. A printing telegraph provided with a wheel actuated by a type-wheel shaft
and having a wide tooth, and a ratchet-switch controlling a local printing circuit
and tending to enter spaces between said teeth upon the arrest of the shaft and
restrained from such movement at the unison position of the shaft by the wide
tooth, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
39. The combination of a revoluble wheel provided with small teeth and one wide
tooth, and a switch tending to enter spaces between said small teeth and restrained
at unison position by the wide tooth, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
40. The combination, of a normally revolving shaft provided with a type-wheel,
means for arresting said shaft with the divisions of the type-wheel at the printing
position, mechanical and electrical printing devices and a local printing circuit, a
wheel on said shaft provided with recesses in alignment with the characters of the
type-wheel, and a ratchet-switch controlling the local circuit and engaging said
recesses upon the arrest of said shaft at positions other than unison, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
41. The combination, of a normally revolving shaft provided with a type-wheel
having characters and a blank space, means for arresting said shaft with the
divisions of the type-wheel in the printing position, mechanical and electrical
devices, a local printing circuit, a wheel on said shaft provided with recesses in
alignment with the characters on the type-wheel and with a projection in alignment
with the blank space, and a ratchet-switch controlling said local circuit and adapted
to enter said recesses and to rest on said projection, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
42. A printing telegraph having an armature-lever provided with printing,
feeding and unison latch actuating devices and having an electro-magnet and local
circuit connections independent of the line circuit and controlled by keys at the
transmitter and by a ratchet-wheel having a wide tooth at the receiver, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
43. In a printing telegraph, a pivotal spring printing-lever having at its free end
a printing-pallet, au armature lever provided with an arm having an enlarged
extremity adapted to engage a projection on said printing lever to actuate the
pallet under the influence of the spring and an electro-magnet and circuit
connections for actuating said armature-lever, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
44. In a printing telegraph, a spring controlled unison-latch, a system of levers
for operating said latch, a printing and paper feeding armature-lever provided with
a wedge in sliding engagement with one of said levers, and an electro-magnet and
circuit connections for actuating said armature-lever, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
45. In a printing telegraph, a spring controlled unison-latch, a system of levers
for operating said latch, an armature-lever actuating printing devices and provided
with a wedge in sliding engagement with one of said levers, and an electro-

page_text: magnet and circuit connections for actuating said armature-lever, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
46. In a printing telegraph, a spring controlled unison-latch, a system of levers
for operating said latch, a pivotal printing hammer, an armature-lever provided with
an arm having a projection in range of a rod on the printing-hammer and with a
wedge for operating the system of levers, and an electro-magnet and circuit
connections for actuating said armature-lever, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
47. In a printing telegraph, a spring controlled unison-latch, a system of levers
for operating said latch, a pivotal printing-hammer, an armature-lever provided
with pawl-and-ratchet connections for feeding a paper-carriage and with a wedge
for operating the system of levers, a projection on said armature-lever disposed in
range of a rod on the printing-hammer, and an electro-magnet for actuating said
armature-lever, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
48. In a printing telegraph, a spring controlled unison-latch, a bell crank lever
having one arm in range of said latch, a pivotal lever having one arm in range of
the bell crank-lever, a paper feeding and printing armature-lever provided with
a wedge in sliding contact with the pivotal lever, and an electro-magnet and circuit
connections for actuating said arınature-lever, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
49. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a pivotal printing-hammer, a
unison-latch, an armature-lever provided with a. projection for operating the
printing-hammer and with a wedge for operating link-work engaging the unison-
fatch, an electro-magnet and local printing circuit for operating said armature-
lever, a normally rotating wheel provided with teeth, and a ratchet-switch
controlling said local circuit and adapted to enter spaces between the teeth of said
wheel, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
50. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a type-wheel and a toothed wheel, means for normally rotating said shaft, a
pivotal printing-hammer, a unison-latch, an armature-lever provided with a projec-
tion for operating the printing-hammer and with a wedge for operating link-work
engaging the unison-latch, an electro-magnet and a local printing circuit for
operating said armature-lever, and a ratchet-switch controlling said local circuit
and adapted to enter spaces between the teeth of said wheel, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
51. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a shaft provided with a type-
wheel and a toothed-wheel, means for normally rotating and arresting said shaft, a
pivotal printing-hammer, a unison-latch, an armature-lever provided with a projec-
tion for operating the printing-hammer, and with a wedge for operating link-work
engaging the unison-latch, pawls actuated by said armature-lever, and adapted to
feed a paper-carriage, an electro-magnet and local printing circuit for operating
said armature-lever, and a pivotal ratchet-switch controlling said local-circuit and
adapted to enter spaces between the teeth of said wheel, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
52. The combination, in a printing telegraph receiver, of a type-wheel shaft
provided with a toothed wheel, and with a type-wheel, a motor responding to
makes and breaks in a normal line circuit and adapted to rotate and check said
shaft, a pivotal printing-hammer, a unison-latch an armature-lever provided with a
projection for operating the printing hammer and with a wedge for operating link-
work engaging the unison-latch, an electro-magnet and local printing circuit for
operating said armature-lever, and a ratchet-switch controlling said local circuit
and adapted to enter spaces between the teeth of said wheel, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
53. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a type-wheel and a toothed-wheel, means for normally rotating said shaft, a
pivotal printing-hammer having a spring shank, an armature-lever provided with a
projection for operating the printing-hammer, an electro-magnet and local printing-

page_text: circuit for operating said armature-lever, and a ratchet-switch controlling said
local circuit and adapted to enter spaces between the teeth of said wheel at
positions other than unison, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
54. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a toothed-wheel and a type-wheel having characters disposed in alignment
with the spaces of the toothed-wheel, and having a blank in alignment with a tooth
of said wheel, means for normally rotating and arresting said shaft, a pivotal
printing-hammer, a unison-latch, an armature-lever provided with a projection in
range of a rod connected with the printing-hammer, an electro-magnet and local
printing circuit for operating said armature-lever, and a pivotal ratchet-switch,
whereof one end controls said local circuit and whereof the other end is adapted to
enter spaces between the teeth of said wheel at positions other than unison,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
55. A printing telegraph provided with a sunflower device comprising a con-
ducting annulus and an annulus having conducting and insulating segments, an
insulated brush sweeping over each. annulus, circuit connections from earth through
a generator to the conducting annulus and through the brush and conducting
segments to character keys controlling a local printing circuit and devices and to a
double contact unison key controlling said local printing circuit and a unison line
circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
56. A printing telegraph provided with a sunflower device comprising a con-
ducting annulus and an annulus having conducting and insulating segments, an
insulated brush sweeping over each annulus, circuit-connections from earth through
a generator to the conducting annulus and through the brush and conducting
segments to character keys controlling a local printing circuit and devices and to a
double contact unison key controlling said local printing circuit and devices and a
unison line circuit and devices, and a high resistance interposed in the unison line
circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
57. A printing telegraph provided with a sunflower device comprising a con-
ducting annulus and an annulus having conducting and insulating segments, an
insulated brush sweeping over each annulus, circuit-connections from earth through
a generator to the conducting annulus and through the brush and unison conducting
segment to a double contact unison key controlling a local printing circuit and
devices and to a unison line circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
58. A printing telegraph provided with a sunflower device comprising a con-
ducting annulus and an annulus having conducting and insulating segments, an
insulated brush sweeping over each annulus, circuit-connections from earth through
a generator to the conducting annulus and through the brush and unison conducting
segments to a double contact unison key controlling a local printing-circuit and
devices and a unison line circuit and devices, and a high resistance interposed in
the unison line circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
59. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a sunflower device comprising a
conducting annulus, and an annulus, having conducting and insulating segments and
connections, local printing circuit connections from earth through a generator to
the conducting annulus through the contacts of a ratchet-switch, the coils of a
locking electro-magnet, and the coils of a printing and unison electro-magnet to
earth, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
60. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a sunflower device comprising a
conducting annulus and an annulus having conducting and insulating segments and
connections, local printing circuit connections from earth through a generator to
the conducting annulus, the contacts of a ratchet-switch and coils of a locking
electro-magnet and a printing and unison electro-magnet to earth, and a manual-
switch for controlling the local printing circuit, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
61. A printing telegraph provided with a motor and its local circuit, a printing
and a unison electro-magnet, a local circuit controlled by the armature-lever of a
relay electro-magnet interposed in line and a three-way revoluble switch moving
-

page_text: with the type-wheel shaft and adapted to interrupt the motor local circuit and to
close the armature-lever local circuit only at unison position and adapted to close
the motor local circuit and interrupt the armature-lever local circuit at positions
other than unison, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
62. A printing telegraph provided with a three-way revoluble switch having its
conducting parts in electrical communication and comprising a conducting disk, an
insulating disk having a conducting segment in alignment with a blank space on
the type-wheel and a conducting disk having a similarly disposed insulating
segment, a contact spring riding over the conducting disk and interposed in a local
circuit, a contact spring riding over the conducting disk having an insulating
segment and interposed in the local motor circuit, and a contact spring riding over
the insulating disk having an insulating segment and interposed in the local
printing circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
63. A printing telegraph provided with a circuit interrupter moving with the
type-wheel shaft and adapted to control electro-motors at the respective instru-
ments, a spur-wheel mounted on said shaft, a detent for engaging said spur-wheel
and arresting the circuit interrupter just before its contact passes off the segment
over which it is travelling, whereby the transmitter motor is arrested before the
completion of its stroke, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
64. The combination, of a revolving shaft provided with a type-wheel having
characters and a blank space, means for arresting said shaft with the divisions of
the type-wheel in the printing position, mechanical and electrical printing devices,
a local printing circuit, a wheel on said shaft provided with recesses in alignment
with the characters on the type-wheel and with a projection in alignment with the
blank space, means for controlling said local circuit and adapted to enter said
recesses at positions other than unison and to engage with said projection at unison
position, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
65. A printing telegraph provided with a type-wheel shaft having two con-
ducting discs, whereof one is provided with insulated segments alternating with
conducting segments, a spur wheel mounted on said shaft, a detent for engaging
said spur-wheel and arresting said discs, double contact springs interposed in a
line circuit controlling an electro-motor at each instrument, and means for adjusting
oue of said springs, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
66. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a ratchet and a stop-wheel, a reciprocating bar slotted for the accommodation
of said shaft and provided at the sides of said slot with spring controlled pivotal
pawls engaging said ratchet-wheel and at the ends of said slot with fixed detents
for engaging the stop-wheel pawls and detents co-operating with said wheels, a
spring controlled armature-lever connected with said bar, an electro-magnet
responding to makes and breaks in line, produced by a circuit breaker and closer
on the transmitter type-wheel shaft and a ratchet-switch controlled by a toothed-
wheel on said shaft and adapted to make and break a local printing circuit,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
67. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a ratchet and a stop-wheel, a reciprocating-bar slotted for the accommodation
of said shaft and provided at the sides of said slot with spring controlled pivotal
pawls engaging said ratchet wheel and at the ends of said slot with fixed detents
for engaging the stop-wheel pawls and detents co-operating with said wheel, a
spring controlled armature lever connected with said bar, and actuated by a motor
electro-maguet and circuit, a relay electro-magnet controlling said local circuit
through its armature-lever and responding to makes and breaks in line produced
by a circuit breaker and closer on the transmitter type-wheel shatt, and a ratchet-
switch controlled by a toothed-wheel on said shaft and adapted to make and
break a local printing circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
68. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a receiver and a transmitter,
each having a type-wheel shaft provided with a ratchet and a stop-wheel, a
reciprocating bar slotted for the accommodation of said shaft and provided at the

page_text: sides of said slot with spring controlled pivotal pawls engaging said ratchet wheel
and at the ends of said slot with fixed detents for engaging the stop-wheel pawls
and detents co-operating with said wheels, a spring controlled armature-lever
connected with said bar and an electro-magnet responding to makes and breaks in
line, a ratchet-switch at the receiver controlled by a toothed wheel on the receiver
type-wheel shaft and adapted to make and break a local printing circuit, and a
circuit interrupter mounted on the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter and
interposed in the line circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
69. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a receiver and a transmitter
each having a type-wheel shaft provided with a ratchet and a stop-wheel, a
reciprocating bar provided with pawls and detents co-operating with said wheels, a
spring controlled armature-lever connected with said bar and actuated by a motor
electro-magnet and circuit, a relay electro-magnet controlling said local circuit
through its armature-lever and responding to makes and breaks in line, a ratchet-
switch at the receiver, controlled by a toothed-wheel on the receiver type-wheel
shaft and adapted to make and break a local printing circuit, and a circuit
interrupter mounted on the type-wheel shaft of the transmitter and interposed in
the line circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
70. A printing telegraph having an instrument provided with a ratchet and a
stop-wheel, a reciprocating bar having pawls and detents co-operating with said
wheels, a spring controlled armature-lever connected with said bar, a relay electro-
magnet responding to makes and breaks in line and controlling through its front
stop the local circuit of the magnet appertaining to the spring controlled armature-
lever and a ratchet-switch controlled by a toothed-wheel on said shaft and adapted
to make and break a local printing circuit, a circuit interrupter interposed in line,
and a manual-switch interposed in the local printing-circuit, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
71. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel, a type-wheel
shaft provided with a ratchet and a stop-wheel, a reciprocating bar provided with
pawls and detents co-operating with said ratchet and stop-wheels, a spring controlled
armature-lever connected with said bar, a motor electro-magnet responding to makes
and breaks in line, a pivotal printing-hammer, a printing electro-magnet provided
with an armature-lever having a projection for actuating the printing-hammer, and
a ratchet-switch controlled by a toothed-wheel on said shaft and adapted to make
and break the local circuit through the coils of the printing electro-magnet,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
72. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel, a type-wheel
shaft provided with a ratchet and a stop-wheel, a reciprocating bar provided with
pawls and detents co-operating with said ratchet and stop-wheels, a spring
controlled armature-lever connected with said bar, a motor electro-magnet, a relay
electro-magnet responding to makes and breaks in line, and controlling through its
armature-lever the local circuit of the motor electro-magnet, a pivotal printing-
hammer, a printing electro-magnet provided with an armature-lever having a
projection for actuating the printing-hammer, and a ratchet-switch controlled by a
toothed-wheel on said shaft and adapted to make and break said local circuit through
the coils of the printing electro-magnet, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
73. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a unison-spiral and with ratchet and stop-wheels, a reciprocating-bar provided
with pawls and detents co-operating with said ratchet and stop-wheels, a spring
controlled armature lever connected with said bar, a motor electro-magnet
responding to makes and breaks in line, and a unison latch adapted to arrest said
shaft in position for maintaining the spring of the armature-lever in tension,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
74. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a unison spiral and with ratchet and stop-wheels, a reciprocating-bar provided
with pawls and detents co-operating with said ratchet and stop-wheels, a spring
controlled armature lever connected with said bar, a motor electro-magnet disposed

page_text: in a local motor circuit controlled through the armature-lever of a relay electro-
magnet responding to makes and breaks in line, and a unison-latch adapted to
arrest said shaft in position for maintaining the spring of the armature-lever in
tension, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
75. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of printing mechanism, a paper
carriage, a type-wheel shaft provided with a unison spiral and with ratchet aud
stop-wheels, a reciprocating bar slotted for the accommodation of said shaft and
provided at the sides of said slot with spring controlled pivotal pawls engaging said
ratchet-wheel and at the ends of said slot with fixed detents for engaging the stop-
wheel, a spring controlled armature-lever connected with said bar, a motor electro-
magnet responding to makes and breaks in line, produced by a circuit maker and
breaker on the transmitter type-wheel shaft a printing and unison electro-magnet
and circuit connections having an armature-lever provided with devices for actuating
the unison latch, printing mechanism and paper carriage, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
76. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of printing mechanism, a paper-
carriage, a type-wheel shaft provided with a unison spiral and with ratchet and
stop wheels, a reciprocating bar provided with pawls and detents co-operating with
said ratchet and stop-wheels, a spring controlled armature-lever connected with
said bar, a motor electro-magnet interposed in a local motor circuit controlled by
the armature-lever of a relay electro-magnet responding to makes and breaks in
line, and a printing and unison electro-magnet and circuit connections having an
armature-lever provided with devices for actuating the unison-latch, printing
mechanism and paper-carriage, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
77. A printing telegraph provided with type-wheel shafts having ratchet and
stop-wheels, reciprocating-bars slotted for the accommodation of said shafts and
provided at the sides of said slots with spring controlled pivotal pawls engaging
said ratchet-wheels and at the ends of said slots with fixed detents for engaging the
stop-wheels, spring controlled arinature levers connected with said bars, motor
electro-magnets, relay electro-magnets interposed in the line-circuit and adapted to
control the local circuits of the motor electro-magnets at the transmitter and
receiver, whereby synchronism in movement is ensured of the type-wheels of both
instruments, substantially as set forth.
78. A printing telegraph provided with relay electro-magnets interposed in the
line circuit and adapted to control local motor circuits at the transmitter and the
receiver, magnetic devices interposed in said local motor circuits and provided with
spring controlled armature-levers, ratchet and stop-wheels on the type-wheel shafts
of each instrument, a bar attached to said armature-lever and slotted for the
accommodation of said shaft and provided at the sides of said slot with spring
controlled pivotal pawls engaging said ratchet-wheel and at the ends of said slot
with fixed detents for engaging the stop-wheel, and a circuit interrupter mounted on
the receiver type wheel shaft and adapted to control the line circuit, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
79. A printing telegraph provided with a relay interposed in a line circuit and
adapted to control a local motor circuit or circuits at both transmitting ard
..receiving instruments, devices interposed in the motor circuit or circuits, ratchet
and stop wheels on a shaft carrying a type-wheel of each instrument, mechanism
co-operating with said wheels, and a circuit interrupter located on the type-wheel
shaft of the transmitter and adapted to control the line circuit, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
80. A printing telegraph system, comprising a transmitter and a receiver having
motor electro-maguets responding to makes and breaks in a normal line circuit,
spring controlled armature-levers, ratchet and stop wheels on the type-wheel shaft
of each instrument, reciprocating bars provided with pawls and detents co-operating
with said ratchet and stop-wheels and said bars slotted for the accommodation of
the type-wheel shaft provided at the sides of said slot with spring controlled
pivotal pawls engaging said ratchet-wheels and at the ends of said slot with fixed

page_text: detents for engaging said stop-wheels, and relay electro-magnets interposed in a
line circuit and adapted to control the local circuits of the motor electro magnets
at the transmitter and receiver, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
81. A printing telegraph provided with a transmitter and a receiver having motors
responding to makes and breaks in a line circuit, a bar actuated by an electro-
magnet and provided with pawls and detents, a ratchet and a stop-wheel on the
type-wheel shaft of each instrument and a circuit maker and breaker mounted on
the transmitter type-wheel shaft and having its contact springs interposed in the
line circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
82. A printing telegraph provided with a transmitter and a receiver, each having
a motor responding to makes and breaks in line circuit produced by an interrupter
at the transmitter type-wheel shaft and comprising stop and ratchet-wheels on the
type-wheel shaft and a bar provided with pawls and detents and actuated by the
spring controlled armature-lever of an electro-magnet, and each having a unison-
latch adapted to arrest its type-wheel shaft and cause the same to hold the
retracting spring of said armature-lever in tension and to hold the circuit inter-
rupter in position for breaking the line circuit, and permitting of the closing of
the circuit of a unison key to line, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
83. In a printing telegraph, a single line conductor adapted to be included in a
line circuit and in a unison circuit, combined transmitters and receivers normally
operated through relay electro-magnets controlling local motor circuits and
responding to makes and breaks in the line circuit, a motor electro-magnet in said
local circuit, bars provided with detents and pawls and connected with the spring
controlled armature levers of said motor electro-magnets, ratchet and stop wheels
on the type-wheel shafts, independent local printing circuits controlled at the
transmitter by keys and at the receiver by an automatic switch on the type-wheel
shaft, unison circuits controlled at the transmitter by a unison key and in parallel
to line and through the devices of the transmitter to earth, a local unison circuit at
the transmitter controlled by the armature lever of the relay electro-magnet in
response to the branch unison circuit in line, three-way switches for automatically
controlling the circuits at unison position, and manual switches for reversing the
circuits to permit the instruments to interchangeably operate as transmitters or
receivers, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
84. In a printing telegraph, a transmitter provided with a local printing circuit
and its accessories a receiver provided with a local printing circuit and its
accessories and adapted to automatically effect printing upon the arrest of the type-
wheel shaft of the receiver at positions other than unison, a motor electro-magnet
at the receiver having a spring controlled armature-lever provided with a bar
having pawls and detents co-operating with ratchet and stop-wheels on the type-
wheel shaft, and mechanical and electrical devices and circuits operating upon the
arrest of the transmitter type-wheel shaft to cause said bar to arrest the type-wheel
shaft at the receiver, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
85. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided
with a type-wheel and a toothed-wheel, a motor electro-magnet and circuit con-
nections, a bar connected with the spring controlled armature-lever of the motor
electro-magnet and provided with pawls and detents engaging ratchet and stop-
wheels on said shaft, a pivotal printing-hammer, a unison-latch, an armature-lever
provided with a projection for operating the printing hammer and with a wedge for
operating link-work engaging the unison-latch, an electro-magnet and local printing
circuit for operating said armature-lever, and a ratchet-switch controlling said local
circuit and adapted to enter spaces between the teeth of said wheel, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
86. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided with
ratchet and stop-wheels, a bar provided with pawls and detents co-operating with
said wheels, an electro-magnet provided with circuit connections and with a spring
controlled armature-lever connected with said bar and a switch tending to close a

page_text: local printing circuit and restrained from such action by the movement of the
instrument and at unison position, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
87. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided with
ratchet and stop-wheels, a bar provided with pawls and detents co-operating with
said wheels, an electro-magnet provided with circuit connections and with a spring
controlled armature-lever connected with said bar, a switch tending to close a
local printing circuit and restrained from such action by the movement of said type-
wheel shaft and at unison position, and a manual-switch for making and breaking
said local circuit to permit of the operation of the instrument as a receiver and as a
transmitter, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
88. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided with
ratchet and stop-wheels, a bar provided with pawls and detents co-operating with
said wheels, an electro-magnet provided with circuit connections an armature-lever
connected with said bar, and a pivotal switch tending to close a local printing
circuit through its contacts and restrained from such action by the movement of the
type-wheel shaft and at unison position, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
89. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a type-wheel shaft provided with
ratchet and stop-wheels, a bar provided with pawls and detents co-operating with said
wheels, an electro-magnet provided with circuit connections and with a spring
controlled armature-lever connected with said bar, a pivotal switch tending to close
a local printing circuit through its contacts and restrained from such action by the
movement of the type-wheel shaft and at unison position, and a manual switch for
making and breaking said local circuit to permit of the operation of the instrument
as a receiver and as a transmitter, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
90. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a toothed wheel movable on a
shaft, a pivotal ratchet switch, whereof one end is provided with contacts controlling
a local printing circuit and whereof the other end rides over the teeth of said
wheel as the shaft is rotated and enters a space between said teeth upon the arrest
of said shaft except at unison position, a bar provided with spring controlled pawls
and detents co-operating with ratchet and stop-wheels on said shaft, and an electro-
magnet provided with circuit connections and with a controlled armature-lever
attached to said bar, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
91. The combination, in a printing telegraph, of a toothed-wheel movable on a
type-wheel shaft, a pivotal ratchet-switch whereof one end is provided with contacts
controlling a local printing circuit and whereof the other end rides over the teeth
of said wheel as the shaft is rotated and enters a space between said teeth upon the
arrest of said shaft except at unison position, a manual-switch interposed in the
local printing circuit, a bar provided with spring controlled pawls and detents
co-operating with ratchet and stop-wheels on said shaft, and an electro-magnet
interposed in a local motor circuit and provided with a spring controlled armature-
lever attached to said bar, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
92. The combination, in a printing telegraph receiver, of a wheel mounted upon
a shaft and having a series of teeth and a comparatively wide tooth, a ratchet-
switch controlling a local printing-circuit and tending to enter one of the spaces
between said teeth upon the arrest of the shaft and restrained from such action at
unison position by the wide tooth, a motor electro-magnet provided with circuit
connections and with a spring actuated armature-lever having pawls and detents
co-operating with a detent and a stop-wheel on the shaft, and a unison latch and
its accessories for arresting said shaft, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
93. In a printing telegraph, a spring controlled unison latch, a system of links
for operating said latch, an armature-lever provided with a wedge adapted to
actuate said links, an electro magnet and circuit connections for actuating said
armature-lever, a type-wheel shaft provided with a ratchet and a stop-wheel, a
spring controlled bar provided with pawls and detents co-operating with said
wheels, and a motor electro-magnet and connections for operating said bar,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
'

page_text: 94. A printing telegraph provided with receivers and transmitters each having a
motor electro-magnet adapted to reciprocate a spring controlled bar provided with
pawls and detents co-operating with ratchet and stop-wheels mounted on the type-
wheel shaft, a circuit interrupter moving with the type-wheel shaft of the trans-
mitter and provided with circuit connections and devices adapted to control the
motor electro-magnets at the respective instruments, a spur-wheel mounted on the
shaft of the receiver, a detent for engaging said spur-wheel and arresting the circuit
interrupter just before its contact passes off the segment over which it is trailing,
whereby the transmitter bar is arrested before its armature-lever completes its
stroke substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
95. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-magnet
and a locking electro-magnet and their devices, a generator, an automatic switch
tending to close a local printing circuit and restrained from such action by the
movement of the instrument and at unison position, circuit connections from earth
through the generator, and in parallel by one branch through a manual switch and
the contacts of the automatic switch and the coils of the printing and unison
electro-magnet to earth, and by the other branch through the contacts of the
sunflower device and the contacts of depressed keys and the coils of both of
said magnets to earth, and a switch mounted on the type-wheel shaft and adapted
to control the second branch circuit, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
96. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-magnet
and devices, a generator, an automatic switch tending to close a local printing
circuit and restrained from such action by the movement of the instrument and at
unison position, a manual-switch, circuit connections from earth through the
generator and the manual-switch and the contacts of the automatic switch and the
coils of the printing and unison electro-magnet to earth, normally open keys and
a sunflower device, a locking electro-magnet, and circuit connections from said
generator through the contacts of the sunflower device to the contacts of the keys
and the coils of both of said magnets, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
97. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-maguet
and devices, a generator, a switch tending to close one branch of a local printing
circuit through the coils of said electro-magnet and restrained from such action by
the movement of the instrument, a locking electro-magnet interposed in the other
branch of the local printing circuit, and keys tending to normally interrupt the
branch circuit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
98. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-magnet
and devices, a generator, an automatic switch tending to close one branch of a local
printing circuit through the coils of said electro-magnet and restrained from such
action by the movement of the instrument, a manual switch interposed in said
branch of the local circuit, a locking electro-magnet interposed in the other branch
of the local printing circuit, and keys tending to normally interrupt the branch
circuit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth,
99. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-magnet
and devices, a generator, a switch tending to close one branch of a local printing
circuit through the coils of said electro-magnet and restrained from such action by
the rotation of a toothed wheel, a locking electro-magnet interposed in the other
branch of the local printing circuit, and keys tending to normally interrupt the
branch circuit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
100. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-magnet
and devices, a generator, an automatic switch tending to close one branch of a local
printing circuit through the coils of said electro-magnet and restrained from such
action by the rotation of a toothed wheel, a manual switch interposed in said
E

page_text: branch of the local circuit, a locking, electro-magnet interposed in the other branch
of the local printing circuit, and keys tending to normally interrupt the branch
circuit through the coils of the locking electro-magnet, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
101. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-magnet
and devices, a generator, an automatic switch tending to close one branch of a local
printing circuit through the coils of said electro-magnet and restrained from such
action at unison position by a projection on a revoluble toothed wheel, a locking
electro-maguet adapted to be included in the other branch of the local printing
circuit and in a local unison circuit controlled by impulses in line, and means for
automatically breaking the branch of the printing circuit appertaining to the locking
electro-magnet and for closing the local unison circuit at unison position, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
102. In a printing telegraph instrument, a printing and unison electro-magnet
and devices, a generator, an automatic switch tending to close one branch of
a local printing circuit through the coils of said electro-maguet and restrained
from such action at unison position, a locking electro-magnet adapted to be
included in the other branch of the local printing circnit and in a unison circuit
controlled by a unison key and means for automatically breaking the branch of
the local printing circuit appertaining to the locking electro-magnet and for
closing the local unison circuit at unison position, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
103. A printing telegraph system, comprising a double contact unison key,
circuit connections, a type-wheel and a type-wheel shaft in an instrument and a
relay electro-magnet and its circuit connections, the construction and arrangement
being such as to synchronously release the type-wheel shaft of the instrument
through said relay and circuit connections, substantially as shown and for the
purposes set forth.
104. A printing telegraph system comprising character keys and circuit
connections for synchronously arresting and releasing a transmitter and a
receiver, and a local printing circuit and mechanical and electrical devices
tending to automatically effect an impression upon the arrest of the receiver
at positions other than unison, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
105. A printing telegraph system comprising character keys and circuit
connections for synchronously arresting and releasing a transmitter and a
receiver, and a local printing circuit and incchanical and electrical devices inde-
pendent of the line circuit and tending to automatically effect an impression, feed
the paper and actuate the unison latch at the receiver at positions other than unison,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
106. In a printing telegraph system, transmitting and receiving instruments,
relay electro-maguets for controlling said instruments, a line through the coils of
said relay electro-magnets, circuit interrupters as described on the type-wheel
shaft of each instrument, branch circuits from said line through said circuit
interrupters; a manual-switch at each instrument for controlling said branch circuits
and for permitting of an instrument being used either as a transmitter or receiver,
and mechanical and electrical devices adapted to automatically effect an impression
upon the arrest of one of the instruments, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
Dated at Philadelphia. Pennsylvania this 26th day of July A.D. 1894.
ROBERT ASHWORTH FOWDEN,
Per J. G. Lorrain, M. Inst. E.E., M. Inst. M.E.,
Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.