Improvements in and in connection with Pneumatic or other Fluid Operated Chipping or like Hammers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Mar., 1899 -Accepted, 29th July, 1899
Improvements in and in connection with Pneumatic or other Fluid
Operated Chipping or like Hammers.
We, CHARLES KOSSUTH PICKLES, of the City of St. Louis, in the State of
Missouri, one of the United States of America, Draughtsman, and THE UNITED
STATES METALLIC PACKING COMPANY, LIMITED, of Soho Works, Thornton Road,
Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:--
The present invention relates to pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping
or like hammers, and more especially to that type of the same in which the
reversing valve has a concentric arrangement with relation to the reciprocating
piston of the hammer.
The objects of the present improvements are in the main:
1. To provide a simple, durable, and effective formation and arrangement of
the fluid actuated reversing valve, and in which such valve has its seat in an
annular chamber exterior to and surrounding the piston cylinder, and is adapted to
so govern and control the imovements of the piston, that while a maximuni
impact is attained in the forward or active movement of the piston, the vibration
in the pneumatic hammer due to the return movement of the piston is reduced
to a minimum.
2. To provide a simple and effective means for attaining an automatic recurrent
lubrication of the piston and other parts of a pneumatic hammer.
3. To provide a strong and effective means for securing in place the end head
or cap nut of. the hammer cylinder.
I attain such objects by the construction and arrangement of parts illustrated.
in the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1, is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a pneumatic hammer, at
line, Figures 3 and 4 embodying the present invention, and illustrating the
parts in that position in which the piston is at the end of its normal forward
position, with the valve shifted to effect a return stroke of such piston.
Figure 2, a detail longitudinal sectional elevation at line
illustrating
the parts in that position in which the piston is fully retracted, with the valve
shifted to effect a forward stroke of such piston..
Figure 3, a transverse section of hammer cylinder, at line 1, Figure 1,
with portions broken away.
Figure 4, a similar transverse section at line all
Figure 1.
Figure 5, a side elevation of the reversing valve in a detached condition.
Figure 6. a detail view illustrating the means for locking the end or head or
cap of the hammer cylinder in place.
Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in the several views..
Referring to the drawings:
1 represents the housing or cylinder of the pneumatic hammer. the lower

page_text: end of which is of the usual contracted nature and provided with a bushing 2, to
receive the shank of the cutting or other tool as usual in the present type of
hammers, The bore of the cylinder extends the whole length of the housing 1,
its upper end being closed by an end head or cap nut 3, screwing therein as
shewn, while its lower end is closed by the bushing 2, heretofore described.
The cap nut 3, in addition to forming a closure for the rear end of the piston
chamber or cylinder, also serves as a means for securing in place the valve
housing 4, and the attaching collar 5, of the handle of the hammer.
6, is a circular enlargement on the exterior of the housing or cylinder 2,
forming the forward wall of the valve chamber, and offsetted as shown to receive
the outer end of the cylindrical valve housing 4.
7, is an inturned rim at the rear end of the collar 5, which is adapted to fit
the outer and extreme rear end of the main cylinder 1, as shown, the main
portion of said collar fitting the outer periphery of the valve housing 4, and
having abutment against a shoulder or offset on such housing as illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2. The arrangement being such that an adjustment of the end
head or cap nut 3; of the piston chamber, will effect a general adjustment and
holding of the several parts above described in their proper operative position.
In the present improvement the overlapping rim portion of the cap nut 5.
is formed with a series of marginal serrations S. that are engaged by a serrated
dog 9, secured to the handle portion of the hammer. by means of an attaching
screw or rivet 10, as shown; such dog is formed of plate or spring metal, and
is adapted to be sprung out of engagement with the cap nut to admit of the
rotation of the same, and by its resiliency to again return into engagement with
the cap nut to lock the same against further rotation.
11. is the supply passage for the compressed air or other motive fluid, formed
in one of the branches 12, of the hammer handle, and communicating at one
end with the annular chamber of the manually actuated controlling valve 13,
and at the other end with the annular rear end of the main valve chamber as
illustrated in Figure 1.
In the construction illustrated in Figure 1, the valve 13, is of the ordinary
piston type formed with an annular passage 14, adapted to register with opposi-
tively arranged orifices 15, in the stationary valve housing 16, secured in the
hammer handle, and adapted by its movement to control the supply of motive
fluid to the hammer mechanism.
17. is a spring tending to hold the valve 13, in its closed condition.
18, is a head on said valve. projecting outside the hammer handle, so as to
he capable of convenient manipulation by the thumb of the operator.
In the present invention the hammer handle or grip 19, is chambered out
to form an oil containing chamber of some capacity, and through such chamber
the tubular valve housing 16 extends from one end to the other of the hammer
handle, as shown.
20. is a chamber formed in the reciprocating valve 13, that registers with a
supply passage 21, in the valve housing 16, to receive a body of oil or other
lubricant from the main oil supply chamber of the hammer handle 19. With a
forward movement of said valve the oil in the chamber 20, will be carried into
an annular chamber 22, whence it passes in a subsequent movement of the valve
into the annular passage 14, of the said valve, and in a still subsequent movement
of the valve the oil in the passage 14, will be brought into the path of the motive
fluid supply, to be carried thereby, into the valve chamber and other parts of the
hammer.
23, is the reciprocating piston having a solid cylindrical formation fitting the
hore of the cylinder or housing 1. and formed with an annular peripheral
chamber 24, near its upper end, and upper and lower centrally projecting ends 25
and 25. of a reduced nature, as shown the lower one forming the impact portion
of the piston to deliver the blow of the piston to the shank of the chisel or other
tool while the other end 251 is adapted to enter a central recess in the end

page_text: head or cap nut 3, to effect a cushioning action upon the piston, as it nears the
end of its backward stroke.
26, is the main reversing valve of an annular, form, and having an internal
diameter equal to the external diameter of the main cylinder 1. Such valve is
arranged to have its seat upon the periphery of the cylinder 1, at a point inune-
diately back of the enlargement 6, heretofore described, and as illustrated in
Figures 1 and 2.
The valve 26, is of the annular piston type, its forward portion consisting of
an enlarged head 27, that has movement in a correspondingly enlarged portion 28,
of the main valve chamber, formed by the valve housing 4, and the circular
enlargement 6, of the main housing.
The rear and main portion of the valve 26, is of a smaller diameter than the
forward portion 27, and is adapted to have movement in a correspondingly
reduced portion 29, of the valve chamber, formed by the reduced rear end of
the valve housing 4, as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and as so constructed
constitutes a piston valve having differential areas on its opposite faces, and
adapted to operate under the differential effects of fluid pressure.
30. is an annular internal exhaust chamber in the body of the main valve,
and 31, are openings through the wall of said chamber; such chamber and
opening being adapted to control communication between the upper and lower
piston chambers and the exhaust port 32, in the housing 1, that opens to the
atmosphere.
In the present construction the motive fluid pressure is constant against the
rearward and smaller area of the annular piston valve 26, in that the annular
rear end of such chamber, constitutes a receiving chamber for the motive fluid
employed in actuating the hammer.
33, is a longitudinal port or passage formed in the main housing 1, and
connecting the forward side of the valve head 27, with the lower piston chamber
when the piston is in its rearward position, to allow for an exhaust of the motive
fluid from the forward end of the valve, into the lower piston chamber.
34, is a longitudinal port or passage formed in the main housing 1, and
extending from the annular pressure supply end of the main valve chamber,
to a point in line with the lateral supply opening of the passage 33, that extends
to the forward side of the valve head 27: the construction being such that with
the annular peripheral chamber 24, of the main piston in the position indicated
in Figure 1, the said passages 33 and 34, will be in communication, to introduce
into the chamber at the front end of the main valve, a fluid pressure to force
said valve into its rearward position.
35, are one or more ports or passages connecting the source of motive fluid
supply in the rear end of the main valve chamber with the rear piston chamber.
36, is a relief or exhaust port connecting the forward piston chamber with the
atmosphere in a controllable manner. In the construction shown, the passage 36,
extends from the forward end of the forward piston chamber back to a point in
line with the exhaust chamber 30, of the main valve, so as to be controlled by
the movements of said valve. With the parts in the position shown in Figure 1,
the exhaust nature of such passage is rendered dormant by the main valve cutting
off communication between the same and the exhaust chamber 30, of the valve.
37, is a small transverse passage forming a communication between the forward
valve chamber and the passage 36, and which passage 37, is uncovered with the
valve in position indicated in Figure 1, to introduce, a comparatively restricted
supply of motive fluid, through the passage 36, into the forward piston chamber.
to cause a return or back stroke of the main piston with a minimum amount of
jar or impact.
38. is a transverse passage connecting the forward valve chamber with the
longitudinal passage 34. and adapted to introduce a motive fluid pressure info
the forward valve chamber, to hold the valve in its rearward position after said

page_text: valve has attained such position and in addition thereto afford a supply of motive
fluid to the forward piston chamber through passage 36.
With a construction and arrangement of parts as above described the operation
of the present pneumatic hammer is as follows:-
Starting with the piston in the position illustrated in Figure 2, and valve in
the position illustrated in Figure 1, the motive fluid entering the reduced valve
chamber 29, will force the valve.26 forward into the position indicated in Figure 2,
so as to uncover the ports 35, to admit motive fluid to the rear piston chamber
to cause a forcible forward or active stroke of the main piston; such motive fluid
pressure upon the rear end of the piston continues until the annular chamber 24
registers the ports or passages 33 and 34, after which the remainder of the active
stroke of such piston will depend upon its momentum.
With the ports or passages 34 and 33, registered or in communication by means
of the annular chamber 24 of the piston, the motive fluid pressure is admitted
to the forward valve chamber against the enlarged forward end of the valve 26,
to force the valve into its rearward position as indicated in Figure 1. As such
valve reaches its rear position the exhaust chamber 30, and the openings 31, puts
the ports 35 of the upper piston chamber in communication with the exhaust
port 32 of the housing at the same time the valve 26, uncovers the transverse
port 37, to admit motive fluid into the lower piston chamber, through passage 36,
to cause a comparatively slow return movement of the piston to its back position.
With the return of the piston to its rear position, the lower end of the
passage 38, is uncovered, and communication between the same and the forward
piston chamber is established so that the pressure in the forward valve chamber
will be relieved, to enable the constant pressure in the rear valve chamber to force
the main valve into its forward position, to commence a fresh cycle of operations
as heretofore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like' hammer, a fluid
actuated annular valve for controlling the movement of the piston and having its
seat upon the periphery of the piston cylinder, substantially as set forth.
2. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, a fluid
actuated annular valve for controlling the movement of the piston and having
its seat upon the periphery of the piston cylinder and means controlled by the
piston for admitting motive fluid to the lower piston chamber, substantially as
set forth.
3. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, a fluid
actuated annular valve for controlling the movement of the piston, formed with
differential pressure areas and having its seat upon the periphery of the piston
cylinder, substantially as set forth.
4. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, a fluid
actuated annular valve for controlling the movement of the piston, formed with
differential pressure areas and having its seat upon the periphery of the piston
cylinder, the reduced pressure area of the valve being under constant pressure
of the motive fluid, and the larger pressure area of the valve under an inter-
mittent pressure of the motive fluid, substantially as set forth.
5. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, the combi-
nation of a piston, a piston cylinder, a fluid actuated annular valve located in
a chamber exterior to and surrounding the piston cylinder, in the smaller area
of which the motive fluid acts to constantly force the valve in one direction, and
a passage controlled by the piston for intermittently admitting the motive fluid
to the larger pressure area of said chamber to force the valve in an opposite
direction, substantially as set forth.
6. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, the

page_text: combination of a piston, a piston cylinder, a fluid actuated annular valve located
in a chamber exterior to and surrounding the piston cylinder, and formed with
differential pressure areas, against the smaller of which the motive fluid acts to
constantly force the valve in one direction, a passage controlled by the piston
and opened by the latter on its forward stroke to admit motive fluid to the larger
area of the valve, and an exhaust passage leading from said larger area of the
valve and opened by the piston in its backward stroke, substantially as set forth.
7. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, a fluid
actuated annular valve for controlling the movement of the piston, formed with
differential pressure areas and having its seat upon the periphery of the piston
cylinder, the reduced pressure area of the valve being under constant pressure
of the motive fluid, and the larger pressure area of the valve under an inter-
mittent pressure of the motive fluid and a longitudinal passage connecting the
forward piston chamber with the valve chamber, substantially as set forth.
8. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, a fluid
actuated annular valve for controlling the movement of the piston, formed with
differential pressure areas and liaving its seat upon the periphery of the piston
cylinder, the reduced area of the valve being under constant pressure of the
motive fluid, and the larger pressure area of the valve under an intermittent
pressure of the motive fluid, a longitudinal passage connecting the forward piston
chamber with the valve chamber, and a transverse passage from the said longi-
tudinal passage to the valve chamber, that is adapted to be uncovered by the
valve to admit motive fluid, to the forward piston chamber, substantially as
set forth.
9. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, a fluid
actuated annular valve for controlling the movement of the piston, formed with
differential pressure areas and having its seat upon the periphery of the piston
cylinder, the reduced pressure area of the valve being under constant pressure of
the motive fluid, and the larger pressure area of the valve under an intermittent
pressure of the motive fluid, and a passage or passages adapted to introduce motive
fluid pressure to the forward end of the valve chamber to hold the valve in its
rearward position, substantially as set forth.
10. The combination in a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like
hammer, of an operating mechanism, ports and passages to said operating
mechanism, an oil reservoir, and means for controlling communication between
said reservoir and said ports and passages, substantially as set forth.
11. The combination in a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like
hammer, of an operating mechanism, ports and passages to said operating
mechanism, an oil reservoir, and means for controlling communication between
said reservoir and said ports and passages, and adapted to effect a forced feed
from said reservoir into such ports or passages, substantially as set forth.
12. The combination in a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like
hammer, of an operating mechanism, ports and passages to said operating
mechanism, a handle or grip formed with an oil reservoir, and means for manually
controlling communication between said reservoir and said ports and passages,
substantially as set forth.
13. The combination in a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like
hammer, of an operating mechanism, ports and passages to said operating
mechanism, an oil reservoir, and means for controlling communication between
said reservoir and said ports and passages, the same comprising a piston valve
moving in a tubular housing, and chambers and passages in said piston valve
and housing, so arranged that at each movement of the piston valve a positive
feed of the lubricant will be effected, substantially as set forth.
14. The combination in a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like
hammer, of an operating mechanism, ports and passages to said operating
mechanism, a throttle valve of the piston type controlling the inlet passage of
ihe hammer, a handle or grip formed with an oil reservoir, a tubular housing

page_text: for the valve, and chambers and passages in said piston valve and housing, so
arranged that at each movement of the valve a positive feed of the lubricant will
be effected, substantially as set forth.
15. In a pneumatic or other fluid operated chipping or like hammer, an end
head or screw cap closing the rear end of the main cylinder, and provided with
a marginal serrated portion, and a resilient dog secured to the hammer housing
and having a serrated edge adapted to engage the serrated margin of said end cap,
substantially as set forth.
"
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicants.