CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND APPARATUS OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING CENTRE OR OTHER LARGE PATTERNS OR DESIGNS IN LINEN, COTTON, SILK, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Somerville Dear, of Leeds, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND APPARATUS OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
CENTRE OR OTHER LARGE PATTERNS OR DESIGNS IN LINEN, COTTON,
SILK, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 2nd April 1853, and dated the 13th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Somerville Dear
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th November 1852.
I, SOMERVILLE DEAR, of Leeds, in the. County of York, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND APPARATUS OF LOOMS FOR
WEAVING "CENTRE" OR OTHER "LARGE PATTERNS" OR "DESIGNS" IN LINEN,
COTTON, SILK, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements in the mode of working
the "jacquard apparatus," whereby I am enabled to
"centre" or other large patterns or designs, either by hand or
power, without using a "cam;" which I accomplish, first, by
making the "branders" to lift in divisions corresponding to the
"tweel" required, by which means I throw the "tweel" on the

page_text: "flowered" or "design" or raised part of the warp. Secondly, by
making the "hole boards" to lift in divisions corresponding to the
"tweel" required, by which means I throw the "tweel" on the
"satin" or plain part of the cloth or design.
The third part of my Invention consists in the apparatus for
actuating the said "branders" and "hole boards" at their proper
times; and the fourth, in a certain arrangement of the "cross
needles," whereby I get a "clear harness." The object of my Inven-
tion is to put in the "tweel" without the "cam," or to dispense
with the "cam."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, filed by the said Somerville Dear in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 13th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
SOMERVILLE DEAR, of Leeds, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Somerville Dear, Her especial licence that I, the said
Somerville Dear, iny executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Somerville Dear, my executors, adininis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention for " CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT AND APPARATUS OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING CENTRE OR
OTHER LARGE PATTERNS OR DESIGNS IN LINEN, COTTON, SILK, WOOL, OR OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Somerville Dear, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and caused the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Somerville Dear, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
Drawing annexed hereto, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, the same letters and figures being used for the same or
similar parts in each Figure:
My Invention is applicable to either hand or power looms,
but more especially to power looms for weaving centre or other
large patterns in damask, or other figured fabrics in flax, cotton,
silk, wool, or other fibrous materials. It consists in making a
jacquard nachine in divisions so arranged that I dispense with
the cams or gears generally used in working centre or large
patterns. It is well known amongst those acquainted with weaving
centre patterns in damask with a common harness, or what is
termed a harness and cam, or harness and gears, they cannot
get a shed larger than will allow a shuttle of more than one half
inch thick to pass, and even that at the expense of a great deal
of broken yarn, as in working with a cam and harness part of the
warp is crossed and part open, see Fig. 5, which overstrains the one
part while it leaves the other slack, on which account level cloth
cannot be produced. Now my improvement does away with this
evil by working with the harness alone, which gives any size of
"shed" that may be required, and requires no more cards than are
required in working with a cam and harness, and will produce three
times the quantity of cloth. But to make it more plain, say a
jacquard machine with two thousand four hundred or twenty-four
line or rows of needles is required, and that it is required to do the
same work as a sixty design or six hundred needles with a cam and
harness, or harness and gears, to give an eight-leaved tweel with
four threads in the nails of the harness: take the two thousand four
hundred needles and divide them by four, it will give six hundred

page_text: in each division, which is six hundred cross needles, which would
require each cross needle to have four eyes to actuate four of the
upright needles; this would make it equal to four in the mail, as a
mail is attached to each upright needle, but eight divisions are re-
quired in the machine, as an eight-leaved tweel is required. Now to
get that, I divide the four divisions by two, which gives eight; now
if an harness be taken down from these it will be found that it could
not be worked without having the command of each row of the needles;
but to overcome this difficulty I make the first cross needles actuate
the first upright needles in each of the four divisions (that is, taking
the machine as at first divided into four), the second cross needles to
actuate the seventh upright needles. and the third cross needle to
actuate the second upright needles, and so on over all the rest, which
will give one of the eight divisions for each leaf in the cam or gears;
and by taking it through the harness reed in eight rows there will
be a row for each leaf, but the web will not be drawn straight
across, for to make the harness free from crossing the first line or
row in the harness reed will be the first or back leaf, the second now
would be the fifth leaf, and the third row would be the second leaf,
and so on over all the rest, which will make the operator miss one
and take one (or what is termed by weavers, hip and tap) in
drawing in the web. Now it will be evident that if I have the
branders for lifting the needles divided into eight divisions, and
that I can actuate them so as to work the same as the eight
leaves of a cam, it will produce the tweel on the raised or flowered
part of the cloth (when the cross needles are acted upon by
the cards), that is, raising seven parts of the needles that are not
pressed back by the cards, and leaving an eighth part down each shot,
and that by dividing the whole or upright needle boards into the
same number of parts, and leaving seven parts down and taking one
part up each shot, it will produce the tweel on the satin or plain
part of the cloth; also, by having the barrel worked so as to answer
I can throw in as many shots as may be required to every four
threads of warp.
Now this is what my machine is made to accom-
plish; but although I have confined myself here to one kind of

page_text: size
machine, they can be made to answer any kind of tweel or any
that may
be required, so that I do not confine myself to any parti
cular size of machine nor to any particular tweel.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
a, a, is the side framing of a machine which is made to fix to two
bearers; on the top of the loom b, b, are brackets for holding the
rocking shafts c, d, and e, f, fixed to the same bearers; g, is the lifter
or frame from which the branders h, h, h, are hung, the plan of
three of which are shewn in Fig. 3, the ends in Fig. 1, and back in
Fig. 2; i, i, i, i, are the hangers for the branders, the ends of half
of which pass down through the horizontal needles j, j, j, shewn in
red, with exception of the brander; next the card barrel, which has
a separate rod on each side passing through the needles j, j, con-
nected by a link to the brander k, are the hole or needle boards;
l, are upright rods hooked at top, and jointed to the needle boards
below (for lifting them with), which pass through the horizontal
needles m, m, m; n, n, n, are the upright needles, the same as in a
common jacquard machine; 0, 0, 0, are the horizontal needles for
actuating the upright needles n, n, n, shewn at Fig. 4, which shews
four of them the first, second, eleventh, and twelfth; p, p, are two
cross heads to which the frame or lifters are fixed; q, q, are the lifter
rods, the one end of which are fitted on the ends of the cross heads
so as to swivel freely; the other ends are jointed to the ends of the
spanners or arms r, r, which one keyed on the shafts c, d; s, t, arc
the two arms, the one keyed on c, and the other on d, with the rod
u, jointed to the ends of them; v, is another arm which is keyed on
the end of the shaft d, with a rod jointed to the other end, which rod
comes down by the end of the loom, jointed at the bottom to a lever,
which gets motion from an eccentric fixed on the end of the crank
shaft; w, is the barrel for the cards, the same as used in the common
jacquard machine; x, x, are two guide rods for the barrel w, which
slide in the brackets y, y, which are fixed to the frames a, a; 2, 2,
are ruffs fixed on the rods x, x; A, is a bell crank, with the one
end working between the ruffs z, z, the other end connected by the

page_text: rod B, to the arin or spanner-c, which is keyed on the shaft e, which
has a spanner on the end connected by a rod to a lever at the bottom
or any convenient part of the loom, which lever is actuated by an
cccentric so made that it only moves the lever once for every four,
five, six, or any number of shots that may be required; d, is the
catch for turning the barrel w, which works on a stud fixed to one
of the brackets y; E, is the barrel with eight sides for working
the horizontal needles j, j, and m, m, which barrel is bored to answer
the tweel wanted; f, are the guide rods for the barrel E, which
slide in the brackets G, which are fixed to the frames a, a; H, H,
are two ruffs on each rod; I, is another bell crank, one end of
which works between the ruffs H, H, the other end is connected by
the rod J, to the spanner K, which is keyed on the shaft f, which
has another spanner keyed on the end of it, with a rod connected to
it, with the other end connected to a lever, which gets its motion
from an eccentric on the end of the crank shaft, with the lever between
it and the eccentric (before mentioned for lifting the machine), which
causes the barrel E, to present another side to the needles every shot
of weft that is put in; L, M, are two shafts, which pass through the
frames a, a, with the bell cranks keyed on one end, and the upright
arms N, O, keyed on the other end, so as to make the barrels move
parallel to the needle boards; P, is the spring box, which is the
same as in a common jacquard; Q, is the horizontal needle board,
also the same as in the common jacquard; R, R, are the cross bearers
for the horizontal needles O, O. There are three bearers in the
machine. S, S, are bearers for the cross or horizontal needles m, m,
jj; T, T, are brackets for the horizontal needles passing through
which the springs press against for throwing the needles back when
the barrel E, presses them in; U, U, are two brackets with pins in
them which go through eyes on the horizontal needles m, m, j, j, to
prevent them going too far; V, V, are other brackets to guide the
ends of the horizontal needles m, m, j,j, where the barrel strikes
them; W, is the catch for turning the barrel E, jointed to a stud fixed
into one of the brackets G; X, X, are guide rods for the needle or hole
boards which pass through holes in the frames a, a ; Y, is the hake
for guiding the harness; Z, Z, are rods on each side of the frame a, a,

page_text: for guiding the frame or lifter for the branders; a, b, are studs fixed
into the frame or lifter q, for the hooks of the rods I, catching when
they are thrown in by the barrel E. It will be seen by looking at
the Drawings that the lifter is down, the brander next the cards
is thrown forwards so as to clear the upright needles n, n, and the
upright rods 7, connected with the second hole board from the cards
are allowed to come back, so as the studs a, b, will catch the hook
top of the rods, so that if the frame were lifting, the eighth part of
the needles not thrown back by the cards. would be left down while
all the needles in the second hole or needle board would be lifted
up, the one producing the tweel on flowered part, and the other the
tweel on the satin part of the cloth. The manner of connecting the
jacquard machine or apparatus to a loom is too well known to
require any description further than what is herein given.
Having now particularly described the nature of my Invention,
and in what manner it may be performed and carried into effect,
I wish it to be understood that I do not claim as new all the parts
herein described, nor do I confine myself to the exact details herein
given; but what I claim as my Invention is, - First, the combi-
nation herein described. Secondly, I claim as my Invention a
jacquard machine or apparatus which performs the office of an
harness and cam or gears, whereby any required size of shuttle may
be used so long as such machine retains the peculiar features of my
Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Somerville Dear, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
SOMERVILLE DEAR. (L.S.)
Signed, scaled, and delivered, being first duly
stamped, by the within-named Somerville
Dear, in the presence of
THOMAS LAWSON, of Leeds.