Improvements in Apparatus for "Spraying" Liquids under Pressure.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd June, 1896-Accepted, 25th July, 1996
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for "Spraying" Liquids under Pressure.
We, LOWRY RUSDEN, of Sanderson Road, and ROBERT EELES, of Hawthorn
Terrace, both in the City and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of said invention to be as follows:-
The objects of our invention are to effect the "spraying" of any liquid under
pressure by centrifugal action, combined with steam or gas jet, to adjust and keep
uniform such pressure and to simplify the construction and operation of the
"spraying" implement. Having special reference to the application of oil as fuel,
to the furnaces of steam generators, or water heating boilers, we describe the
apparatus as so applied.
The spraying implement consists of a central liquid fuel chamber with preferably
an annular steam chamber enclosing it. The liquid fuel under pressure enters the
central chamber from the reservoir and at a point near to the "nozzle," it is
intercepted by a perforated diaphragm, the perforations in which are disposed at
such an angle to the plane of the diaphragm as to give to the liquid, in passing
through them, a rapid centrifugal whirling motion with which it issues from the
bell mouth of the nozzle in a fine revolving and spreading spray.
In an
alternative modification of the spraying implement, with or without the annular
steam chamber, this centrifugal whirling motion of the liquid may be obtained by
causing the liquid under pressure to enter the central chamber by a branch
tangential to this chamber, which may be fitted with an adjustable central spindle
with a tapered end to close the outlet of the liquid spraying nozzle.
Steam enters the annular chamber by a branch regulated by a cock or valve and
issues through an annular "mitre" shaped orifice surrounding the nozzle in such
quantity as required, adjusted by a corresponding "mitre" shaped plug formed
upon, and external to, the lips of the nozzle of the fuel chamber, which plug by
suitable screw or other means, is caused either to open the orifice or to partially
or entirely close it. When open the steam issues from this orifice in a radiating
circular jet, thus further "spraying" the liquid fuel. When steam is not required
to be applied the orifice is closed, the hot steam either remaining in the annular
chamber to act as a heating jacket around the liquid fuel, or being shut off entirely
by the cock and valve.
The steam in the above arrangement may be replaced by gas formed by
rendering gaseous a portion of the liquid fuel during its passage through a heating
coil, or other arrangement in the heating furnace, and separated from the liquid in
a suitable separating chamber before entering the burner.
The required pressure on the liquid may be obtainable in some cases naturally
or may be accumulated but when these means are not available we propose to pump
the oil into a receiver forming an air vessel or elastic accumulator, from which it
will flow under pressure to the "sprayer" passing if necessary through a coil
exposed to the heat of the furnace or of the waste gases in the smoke box or
to the heat of the exhaust steam from the feed pump, or other similar method, so
as to considerably raise its temperature. We fit this pump with an automatic
steam stop valve which will close when the required pressure is exceeded in the
receiver and re-open when the pressure again becomes normal, and to this valve is

page_text: "
connected a controlling lever attached to a. spring balance, or equivalent device,
by which the pressure can be adjusted.. The pump will be worked with "live
steam from the boiler and the exhaust steam returned to the boiler through the
condenser by the feed pump, or, if desired, the exhaust can be used for raising the
temperature of the liquid to be sprayed.
When liquids, other than oil, are to be sprayed for any required purpose, the
apparatus will be practically the same in construction and operation, the liquids
being heated. when required.
We, LOWRY RUSDEN of Sanderson Road and ROBERT EELES of Hawthorn
Terrace, both in the City and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of. this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The objects of our invention are to effect the "spraying" of any liquid under
pressure by centrifugal action, combined with a steam or gas jet, to adjust and keep
uniform such pressure, and to simplify the construction and operation of the
"spraying" implement. Having special reference to the application of oil as fuel,
to the furnaces of steam generators, or water heating boilers, we will describe the
apparatus as so applied.
The spraying implement consists of a central liquid fuel chamber with, preferably,
an annular steam: chamber enclosing it. The liquid fuel under pressure enters the
central chamber from the reservoir, and at a point near to the "nozzle," it is
intercepted by a perforated diaphragm, the perforations in which are disposed at
such an angle to the plane of the diaphragm as to give to the liquid, in passing
through them, a rapid centrifugal whirling motion, with which it issues from the
bell. mouth of the nozzle in a fine revolving and spreading spray. In an alternative
modification of the spraying implement, with or without the annular steam
chamber,, this centrifugal whirling motion of the liquid may be obtained by causing
the liquid under pressure to enter the central chamber by a branch tangential to
this chamber, which may be fitted with an adjustable central spindle with a tapered
end to close the outlet of the liquid spraying nozzle.
Steam enters the annular chamber by a branch regulated. by a cock or valve
and issues through an annular "mitre" shaped orifice surrounding the nozzle
in such quantity as required, adjusted by a corresponding "mitre" shaped plug
external to the lips of the nozzle of the fuel chamber, which "mitre" shaped
orifice by suitable screw or other means, is caused either to be opened or partially
or entirely closed.. When open the steam issues from this orifice in a radiating
circular jet, thus further "spraying" the liquid fuel. When steam is not required
to be applied the orifice is closed, the hot steam either remaining in the annular
chamber to act as a heating jacket around the liquid fuel, or being shut off
entirely by the cock or valve. The steam in the above arrangement may be
replaced by gas formed by rendering gaseous a portion of the liquid fuel during
its passage through a heating coil, or other arrangement in the furnace, and
separated from the liquid in a suitable separating chamber before entering the
burner..
7,

page_text: nguin to be sprayed.
When liquids, other than oil, are to be "sprayed" for any required purpose, the
apparatus will be practically the same in construction and operation, the liquid3
being heated when required.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
On the accompanying 5 sheets of drawings our invention is shewn as we propose
to carry it into practical operation.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section through the spraying implement or
burner, with the tangentially perforated diaphragm.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 3 is a section through A. B.
on Fig. 2 of the spraying implement fitted with an adjustable central spindle and
in which the oil enters tangentially to the oil chamber.
Fig. 4, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal section and Fig. 5 a front view of one furnace
with adjustable shutters to regulate the admission of air and with a fire brick
lining and bridge.
Fig. 6, Sheet 3, shews a front view of a boiler and general arrangement of the
liquid fuel installation, with the donkey pump for accumulating the required
pressure upon the oil and the automatic valve.
Fig. 7 Sheet 3, shews a front view of a boiler and general arrangement of the
liquid fuel installation in which, instead of steam, gas produced from the oil itself
is used in the spraying implement.
Fig. 8, Sheet 4, shews details of the automatic valve referred to and shewn as
part of the installation on Figs. 6 and 7, Sheet 3.
Fig. 9, Sheet 5, is a section of the apparatus for spraying the liquid fuel-by the
pressure of gas produced by rendering gaseous a portion of the oil itself with the
gas separator..
The same reference numbers apply to the same, or equivalent parts, on all
the figs.
Referring to Fig. 1, Sheet 1, 1 is the liquid fuel supply branch, 2 the steam or
(alternatively) gas supply branch, 3 the central liquid fuel chamber formed in the
plug 3 which is adjustable in annular steam casing, 4 the annular steam or
(alternatively) gas chamber in main casing, 5 the tangentially perforated
diaphragm inserted in the bell mouthed and externally mitred nozzle 6, screwed
on end of liquid fuel plug 3; 7 the stuffing box in casing in which is screwed
the lantern ring 6, 9 are tapered packing rings and 10 the packing gland, 11 an
external plug, internally mitred, screwed on end of casing, 12 a hand wheel !for
operating liquid fuel chamber 3-3, and bell mouthed and mitred nozzle '6 'to
adjust opening of steam or gas orifice, and 13 is a cock in casing for blowing steam
through oil passages to clear them.
Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, Sheet 1, all those parts above described are numbered
to correspond, the additional parts being the tangential inlet 'for liquid fuel 5

page_text: (instead of the equivalent perforated diaphragm also marked 5 on Fig. 1), the
central screwed spindle 6 with tapered end, to adjust the orifice in the bell
mouthed and externally mitred nozzle 6, operated by the hand wheel 6b, through
the stuffing box 6° and screw at inner end of liquid fuel chamber 3-3*, fitted with
packing 6 and gland 6*.
Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 2, which shew a special furnace front and
brickwork lining with bridge, such as we propose to use in connection with our
invention, in which 14 is a projecting casing lined with fire brick or fire clay,
having apertures 15, 15, fitted with adjustable venetian shutters 16, to regulate
the admission of air to the furnace, and a central aperture 15 to receive the nozzle
of the spraying implement or burner.
Referring to Fig. 6, Sheet 3, which shews the general arrangement of the liquid
fuel installation on the front of a boiler with two furnaces, 17 is the donkey pump
for pumping oil from the oil tanks through the cock 18, strainer 18, and suction
pipe 18, to the suction valve box of the pump. The oil passes through the
delivery valves through the pipe 19 and cock 19 into an air vessel or elastic
accumulator 20 in which the pressure is adjusted by the automatic action of the
valve 21, shewn in section to an enlarged scale on Fig. 8, Sheet 4. Steam enters
the automatic valve box from the boiler by a valve 22, pipe 22, through a valve 22b
on the valve box, and through the automatic valve which is normally open, and
thence into the valve chest 23 of the donkey pump. A pipe 24 (on which is a
pressure gauge 25) connects the elastic accumulator 20 by the cock 24 and
pipe 24 with the top of the automatic valve box 21. The liquid fuel oil is taken
From the accumulator 20 by a pipe 26 across the front of the boiler to the spraying
implement of each furnace by branch pipes 26, the oil being heated by passing
through said pipes (which may form coils) in the furnaces, on its way to the burners,
and steam is supplied from the superheating coil 27 in the upper part of the smoke
box by the pipe 28. The pipe 24 may be used by opening the valve 24° for
blowing steam through the oil passages of the spraying implements when required
to clear them.
On Fig. 7, Sheet 3, is shewn the general arrangement of the liquid fuel
installation, when gas generated from the oil itself is used, instead of steam, in the
spraying implement or burner.
The donkey pump 17, with its suction, connections from oil tanks, and delivery
connections to the accumulator 20, and the automatic valve 21 with its connections,
are the same as before described with reference to Fig. 6, and the various parts
are indicated by the same numbers. The liquid fuel passes from the accumulator 20
by the pipe 26 across the front of the boiler, and by branches 26 into a coil or
coils 29 inside each furnace, where gas is formed, and with the oil passes into the
gas separator 30, shewn in detail by Fig. 9, Sheet 5, which we will presently
describe.
Referring now to Sheet 4, Fig. 8 is a vertical section through the centre line of
the automatic valve, one half the actual size. This valve consists of a box 31,
with a packed stuffing box and gland at each end, the gland at upper end forming
a casing to enclose the valve 32, shewn open, which will be its normal position.
This valve, as shewn, is a solid plug, but it may be made hollow and so lightened.
Upon the top of the valve the liquid fuel is admitted by the pipe 24 through the
cock 24 (see Sheet 3), and controls the valve against the action of a spring. At
the point where the steam enters at the branch 33, the valve forms a mitre shape
with scallops or vandykes, so that when the valve descends, by disturbance of the
equilibrium, it closes the steam inlet gradually, and re-opens it also gradually and
without shock. The valve 32 is contracted below the mitre at 32*, so as to leave an
annular space. in the valve box at 33" for the steam to the outlet branch 33° to
the pump, and then again is enlarged at 32" to form a packed plug, which passes
through the lower stuffing box and gland, and is connected with a washer 34, which
forms an abutment for one end of a coiled spring 35, the other end of which is

page_text: secured by a keep plate 34", which is adjustable upon the pillars 36 by nuts 36ª,.
in such manner that the resistance of the spring can be regulated to suit the
normal pressure at which the valve is intended to operate, such normal pressure
being indicated on the gauge 25 (Figs. 6 and 7, Sheet 3). So long as this pressure.
is not exceeded in the accumulator 20, the valve 32 remains open, but when the
normal pressure is exceeded the equilibrium between the downward pressure of the
oil on top of the valve and upward pressure of the coiled spring being disturbed,.
the valve descends and closes the steam inlet 33, so shutting off steam from the
donkey pump, until the pressure in the accumulator again becomes normal, when
the spring reacts and the valve is re-opened. Thus the slightest increase of
pressure is shewn on the gauge, and the valve automatically and instantly acts to
restore the normal pressure.
The details of construction of this valve may be modified, but its automatic
action, depending upon the opposing forces of the pressure of the liquid fuel in the
accumulator and the resistance of a spring, will be the same.
In the gas and oil separating apparatus shewn on Sheet 5, Fig. 9, the gas and
oil together pass from the coil in the furnace by a pipe 37 into a vertical,
cylindrical vessel 38, in which works freely a float 39, which in its normal position,
as shewn, opens a valve 40, to allow the gas only to pass by the pipe 41 into one-
end of the hinge connection piece 42, to the spraying implement or burner, but.
prevents oil passing by closing said valve by floating in the oil, and the oil flows-
through the pipe 43, into the other end of the hinge connection piece 42, and.
thence to the spraying implement or burner, to the gas and oil branches, of which
respectively the pipes 44 and 44 lead from packed hinged branches 45 and 45".
mounted upon the hinge connection piece 42, so that the burner can be readily
withdrawn from the furnace when necessary, by turning the pipes outward upon
the hinged connection, and this mode of connection applies also to the installation
shewn by Fig. 6, Sheet 3, in which steam is used for spraying.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we:
claim is :-
:~
First. The implement for spraying liquids under pressure in which a centrifugal
whirling motion, by tangential action, is imparted to the liquid, which is further-
sprayed at the nozzle by steam or gas; comprising the various parts in combination,.
constructed and operating as described and as shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 3, Sheet 1,.
having special reference to spraying liquid fuel.
Second. The automatic valve by which the pressure on the liquid fuel delivered
to the spraying implement is adjusted and kept uniform; comprising the various.
parts in combination constructed and operating as described and as shewn by
Fig. 8, Sheet 4.
Third. The apparatus for separating the gas generated-in a heated coil or
other appliance from the liquid fuel and distributing the liquid fuel and gas
respectively to the spraying implement; comprising the various parts in
combination constructed and operating as described and as shewn by Fig. 9,.
Sheet 5.
Fourth. The general installation for supplying liquid fuel under pressure-from
a receiver, forming an air vessel or elastic accumulator, into which it is supplied by
a pump controlled by an automatic valve, which will so act as to adjust and keep.
uniform the pressure on the liquid fuel; comprising the various parts in combination
as described and as shewn for steam spraying on Fig. 6, Sheet 3; or for spraying.
by gas, generated from the liquid fuel, and being separated therefrom in any
suitable apparatus, and the gas and fuel respectively delivered to the spraying
implement, substantially as described and as shewn on Fig. 7, Sheet 3.
Fifth. In combination with such apparatus as hereinbefore described for
spraying liquid fuel under pressure, by steam or gas, the fitting of the furnace-

page_text: front with adjustable openings for the admission of air for combustion of the liquid
fuel, and the refractory lining of the furnace provided with a deflecting bridge as
described and shewn on Figs. 4 and 5, Sheet 2.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1896.
T. J. DANSON, F.I.P.A.,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Agent for Applicants.