A NEW MACHINE OR INSTRUM FOR DISCOVERING AND PREVENTING FRAUDS BY COUNTERFEIT GOLD, WHICH GIVES THE WEIGHT AND SHEWS THE ALLOY OF THAT METAL AS WELL IN COIN AS IN RINGS AND ALL UTENSILS MADE OF GOLD, WITH THE QUANTITY OF ADULTERATION IN SUCH COIN, AND OTHER THINGS, WHICH INSTRUMENT MAY BE EASILY CARRIED IN THE POCKET; AS ALSO A NEW SLIDING RULE, WHEREBY THE CONTENTS OF ALL SOLIDS AND SUPERFICIALS ARE MORE EASILY FOUND OUT, AND READILY CAST UP, S
Year: 1753

page_text: HULLS, of Broad Campden, in the County of Gloucester, Yeoman, and
WILLIAM BRADFORD, of Chipping Campden, in the said County, Schoolmaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Second, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the Twelfth day
of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and
fifty-three, hath given and granted to us, the said Jonathan Hulls and
William Bradford, our executors, adiñors, and assigns, special licence, full
power, sole priviledge and authority, and to our deputies, servants, or agents,
and such others as we shall at any time agree with, and none other, for the
term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent, to use,
exercise, and vend "A NEW MACHINE OR INSTRUM FOR DISCOVERING AND
PREVENTING FRAUDS BY COUNTERFEIT GOLD, WHICH GIVES THE WEIGHT AND SHEWS
THE ALLOY OF THAT METAL AS WELL IN COIN AS IN RINGS AND ALL UTENSILS
MADE OF GOLD, WITH THE QUANTITY OF ADULTERATION IN SUCH COIN, AND OTHER
THINGS, WHICH INSTRUMENT MAY BE EASILY CARRIED IN THE POCKET; AS ALSO
A NEW SLIDING RULE, WHEREBY THE CONTENTS OF ALL SOLIDS AND SUPERFICIALS
ARE MORE EASILY FOUND OUT, AND READILY CAST UP, THAN BY THE COMMON
SLIDING RULE; ASTLY'S NEW SLIDING RULE WILL PERFORM THE SAME AT ONE
OPERATION AS WILL REQUIRE TWO OR THREE ON THE SLIDING RULES HERETOFORE
MADE; in which said recited Letters Patent is contained a proviso that
if we, the said Jonathan Hulls and William Bradford, or one of us, sho" not

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inventions, and in
what manner the same are to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or the hand and scale of one of us, and cause
the same to be inrolled in the High Court of Chancery within three calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent,
then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and
by the said recited Letters Patent (relation being thereunto had) may inore
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jonathan Hulls and William Bradford,
in pursuance and performance of the said provisoe in the said recited Letters
Patent contained, doe by these Presents describe and ascertain the nature of
the said two several Inventions, and in what manner the same are respectively
performed, in manner and form following (that is to say) :--
The machine or instrument for discovering and preventing frauds by
counterfeit gold consists of a thin plate of brass with a sliding peice, with
a small chain and pincers, wherein to fix any coin, or other thing intended
to be weighed and proved; also two pair of centre pins fixed in the instru-
ment markt A and B. On each side of the plate are two lines numbered and
divided (each whole division equal to one shilling in gold). The side marked
with the letters A and W weigh and prove all pieces of gold coin not exceeding
thirty-six shillings; the other side, marked B and W, weigh and prove all such
pieces, from thirty-six to seventy two shillings. When the lines A and W are
used, the pins markt N are made the centre; when the lines B and W are used,
the pins markt B are made the centre. The graduated lines marked A and B
give the weight only, and are properly statical. Those markt W shew the alloy
or adulteration, and are hydrostatical, corresponding with the said statical lines,
When this instrument is made use of, the centre pins are placed to bear on the
edge of a tabel or board, the chain and pincers (with the coin and other thing
in it) hanging over the edge thereof. The sliding peice must be moved back-
wards or forwards, as occasion requires, to find the value of such peice of coin
or other thing, which is shewn by the foremost edge of the said sliding peice in
shillings and part of a shilling, which done bring the foremost edge of the
said sliding peice back on the hydrostatical line markt W to the same number
or value, found as before on the statical line; then take a glass or cup of
water, and let the piece of coin or other thing in the pincers, and the long link
whereon 'tis suspended, dip into the water until the mark on the link is even
with the surface of the water, and if the instrument acts in equilibrio, as when
it was weighed statically, as above, or dips lower in the water, it is standard of

page_text: gold, otherwise it is not. The quantity of adulteration is always in proportion
to the distance the slide is brought back from its proper place to cause the
instrument to equipondrate.
The sliding rule consists of a line of numbers markt A, also two
lines of numbers on a sliding piece markt B and C; to these is added
an additional piece of brass, the one side containing a line of numbers
inverted, markt D. The opposite side contains a series of unequal divisions
markt E. When this line is applied to the line C, it solves rectangular
plain triangles, subserviant to divers purposes, especially to carpenters and
builders, it shewing by the breadth of the building the lengths of all hyps,
valleys, or gutter peices, ring peices, and so forth, at any pitch, not only
in square building, but also in bevil roofs; for example, set ninety on the
line E, always to ten on the line C; when the length of the hyp is required,
place ten on the line C, to the proportion of the pitch on E, and against the
half breadth of any building on B; the length of the hip is found upon A, and
so per contra. In measuring unequal-sided solids by the rule at one operation.
the opposite side of the brass markt D is to be turned to the line of numbers
markt C; and as the contents of most solids are found by multiplying the
length, breadth, and depth together, and dividing by a proper divisor in order
to find the content of it in the desired denomination, whether inches, feet,
ale or wine gallons, malt bushells &c., &c., first set unity on the brass markt
D to the proper mark for the divisor on C, and there let it remain always
for all propositions of the same denominations as it was placed for, then
place either of the two numbers together on C and D, and ag' the other
on A; you have the answer on B.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals the
Twelfth day of February, in the twenty-seventh year of the reign
of our Sovereign Lord George the Second, by the grace of God of
Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the Faith,
and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred
and fifty-four.
Sealed and delivered (being first duly
stampt) in the presence of
JAMES DODD,
JONATHAN HULLS. (L.S.)
WILLIAM BRADFORD. (L.S.
WILLIAM LAMPIT,
Both of Toddenham, in the County of Glouc*.