Improved Means for Enabling Ceilings, Floorings, Wainscoting, and the like to be Secured to Solid Floors, Roofs, and similar Structures.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1898-Accepted, 1st Oct.,
1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Enabling Ceilings, Floorings, Wainscoting, and
the like to be Secured to Solid Floors, Roofs, and similar
Structures.
I, Dr. ADOLF KATZ, of 35, Reinsburgstrasse, Stuttgart, in the Empire of
Germany, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The well known vertical filling set between I girders in solid floors, roofs and
similar structures has the drawback that the ceiling plaster frequently cracks
along the flanges of the girder and the mortar which adheres to the under sides
of the flanges soon assumes another colour to that of the remaining surface, that
is to say the ceiling shows more or less prominent stripes. In all such construc-
tions a provisional or temporary lining is necessary for making a ceiling backing.
The invention hereinafter described renders such a lining unnecessary and
removes the drawbacks herein before mentioned by the arrangement on the under
side of the floor or roof construction of a ceiling support such as reed matting,
lattice work or iron or hemp netting or the like which extends over the whole
and is nailed in a peculiar manner or otherwise suitably fastened to the support-
ing iron framework.
The space to be covered is provided at suitable distances with sheet metal
supports or girders t of LLC sections having two spring centre fins as shown
in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
The spaces resulting between the sheet metal supports or girders t are covered
in with tiles, artificial stones, plates or the likes, and over these finally a suit-
ably thick layer of beton B is laid, as shown in Figure 1; or the beton may be
directly rammed on to a temporary backing, the stones, plates and the like s
being omitted.
The filling in material (stones, beton or the like) between the sheet metal
supports or girders t absorbs any compression strains arising in the floor roof or
dome, whilst the tension strains are carried by the sheet metal girders or supports t.
It is thus very easy to provide for both compression and tensional strains which
may arise, as a suitable strengthening of the layer of stones or beton may be
provided for the compression strains, or a suitable thickening of the flanges of
the girders for the tension strains if they arise most strongly in the lowest layer
of the material. For the latter purpose the cross sections shown in Figure 8
may be employed symmetrically or unsymmetrically and separately or in pairs.
In a similar way this system of construction is also suitable for forming domes
or roofs without the assistance of cradling or centre scaffolding, the sheet metal
girders in this case being bent in the plane of the bar to correspond with the
curve of the roof or dome. The sheet metal girders or supports may also be con-
structed in a straight or bent form to suit any width of span and more par-

page_text: ticularly for making ceilings between iron I beams, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
The ceiling support (reed matting or the like) is attached to sheet metal supports,
the nails holding the ceiling supports being driven in between the double centre
fin of the sheet metal supports.
Figure 6 shows a series of sheet metal supports or girders with double centre
fins, whilst Figure 9 shows a similar sheet metal support in which straight or
curved guide grooves are impressed in one or both halves of the girder. In
these grooves hooks are driven which are thus forced to follow the form of the
groove and finally assume the form h¹. It is evident that these hooks can only
be drawn out with great difficulty because they owe their hold not alone to friction
but still more to an alteration of form.
Figure 7 finally shows a sheet metal girder having between the two fins an
insertion of strips of wood or the like which are clamped in place and in which
the nails may be driven.
Figures 4 and 5 show an arrangement in which bricks or stones are employed,
which are provided with a facing of wood to admit of the ceiling support and the
flooring or the like being nailed thereto. As shown in Figures 4, 5, 10 and 11,
suitably shaped straight, or if desired, curved, recesses or holes v are impressed
in the bricks or blocks s to serve as guides for the nails which are to be driven
in. The nails when driven in bend and follow the curve of the hole and thus
afford a firm and certain hold. In this manner it is possible to make artificial
stones, bricks and the like of all kinds directly capable of being nailed to.
Stones having these recesses or holes and with or without wooden facing
nailed thereto may be employed for the most various objects. Figure 10 shows
such a brick or block without a wooden facing, and Figure 11 such a one with a
wooden facing.
Figures 4 and 5 show the use of such blocks, bricks or stones in a vertical
filling in which the ceiling carriers or supports may be nailed both to the sheet
metal supports and to the blocks. If some of the blocks be set with their wood
facings uppermost the flooring may be nailed thereon.
A further use of these stones in lofty constructions is that they may serve as
dowels for nailing thereto scaffolding, breastworks, wainscoting, door and window
frames and coverings and the like.
Instead of nailing on the wooden covering, it may for instance in the case of
bricks formed of cement, gypsum and the like, be directly inserted in the respec-
tive moulds and attached to the material of the brick by means of nails, hooks or
other suitable dowels serving as a connection and previously driven in the wood.
In order that the wood shall not shrink through the wet material of the brick,
it is advisable to lay between the wood and brick an asphalt paper or the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. Means for enabling ceilings, floorings, wainscoting and the like to be secured
to solid floors roofs and similar structures, formed with or without the use of
rolled iron girders and artificial stones, plates, tiles or the like; consisting of
sheet metal supports or girders of suitable sectional form having two opposite
spring centre fins between which nails may be driven for the purpose of suspend-
ing the ceiling support and fastening the flooring or the like, said nails holding
automatically between both fins sufficiently firmly for the said objects, substan-
tially as herein before described.
2. Means for enabling ceilings, floorings, wainscoting and the like to be secured
to solid floors, roofs and similar structures formed with or without the use of
rolled iron girders and artificial stones, plates, tiles or the like; consisting of
bricks, blocks or stones provided with a wooden facing retained or attached
thereto by the driving in of nails in suitably bent holes or recesses formed for

page_text: this purpose in the brick or the like or by the moulding in of the wooden covering
in the case of for instance cement or gypsum bricks, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Dated this 11th day of July 1898
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.