matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES, PART OF WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO THE WHEELS OF OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Gazey and Arthur John
Cattell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th June 1878.
FREDERICK GAZEY and ARTHUR JOHN CATTELL (trading as Gazey and Cattell),
both of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BICYCLES, PART OF WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED TO THE WHEELS
OF OTHER VEHICLES."
The object of this Invention is,-
Firstly. So to construct the wheels of bicycles that the spokes may be more
cheaply and securely placed in the hubs of their wheels.
And, Secondly. To construct such a pivot on which the fork of the machine is
required to turn as shall be more secure and less liable to wear than similar parts
now generally used for this purpose are found to do.
In constructing a wheel according to our Invention one set screw is made to act
upon and tighten two spokes. We provide a screw similar to that now generally
used, through which a short stud is caused to pass, and which is headed on its under
side. In this head a slot is cut sufficiently large and deep to allow the wires which
form the two spokes to pass around it, and partly to lay in it; this short stud is
acted upon by the before-mentioned screw, and in its turn it acts upon the two
spokes which are passed around the head of the first stud, and by this means the
two spokes are tightened as may be required; this head is also provided with a
lock nut, which engages on the said screw, and keeps it in position.
The second part of our Invention is carried into effect in the following manner :—
On the under side of the frame we provide a circular projection, which is pointed
towards its lower edge, and in the fork of the machine we provide another piece of
metal having an aperture, in which the before-described pointed projection fits and
works. On the top of the frame a suitable aperture or centro is provided, into
which a point (which passes through a part of the fork) is fitted, and this point
being adjustable it can be tightened as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astley Paston Price at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1878. A communication
from abroad by Auguste Vanhymbeeck, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTS." A communication from abroad by Auguste Vanhym-
beeck, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to a lift offering the advantage of absolute safety, and it
is based on the application of one or more screws, arranged vertically, and having
either a single thread or multiple threads, upon which are fitted nuts supporting
the cage or platform.
An ascending or descending motion is imparted to the platform, according as
the screws are turned to the right or to the left.
The screws, when one or more are employed, are connected together by toothed
gearing, which causes them to rotate at the same speed and in the same direction.
Motion is imparted to the said gearing by means of a steam engine, or of a
turbine, or any other suitable motor, suitable pullies with a clutch arrangement for
reversing being provided for receiving the motion, and bevel gearing being also
provided for transmitting the said motion.
India-rubber springs are employed for the purpose of deadening the shock of the
cage or platform in falling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Griffiths at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1878.
EVAN GRIFFITHS, of Neyland, in the County of Pembroke, Minister of the
Gospel. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES."
My Invention relates to those machines which are specially adapted for working
by hand.
The improvements are as follows:-The box or frame in which the types are set
is jointed by links or levers to the base plate of the machine in such a manner that
the said box when moved shall be caused to pass through the segment of a circle,
the centres on which the said links or levers turn being so arranged relatively to
each other that the said box shall, during such motion, perform a revolution or part
of a revolution.
Supported by or affixed to the said base plate are cushions or pads, on one of
which the paper to be printed is laid, the other (which is saturated or covered with
ink) serving to ink the types, the cushions being so placed and the types so
arranged in their box that their faces, when the said box is at one end of its path
of motion, may rest on the inking pad, and when at the other end on the printing
pad or the paper thereon.
'
The type box is provided with handles, by which it may be moved as herein-
before described; or a treadle or treadles may be connected to the axis or axes of
the levers, by which motion may be communicated to the type box.
The inking pad may be either rigidly supported, or it may be mounted on springs,
so as to be capable of yielding to pressure. In the latter case the type box or
frame is provided with a stud or projection, which, when the said box or frame
approaches the said pad, bears against its frame, whereby the type is kept out of
contact with the pad until the said stud or projection is, by the further motion of
the said box and pad, disengaged from the frame of the said pad, which is then, by
the action of its springs, caused to press on and ink the types.
In addition to the levers for guiding the type box, guide plates may be affixed to

page_text: the base plate of the machine, on which guide plates the handles of the said box
or projections thereon engage when it is moved.
In using this machine the type box is caused to move to and fro between the
inking pad and the printing pad, the types receiving a supply of ink and giving
one impression alternately at each stroke.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL CABLES SO AS TO PROTECT THE CORES OF SUCH CABLES FROM THE DESTRUCTIVE ACTION OF MARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN INSECTS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Göllner, of Batavia, in the Island of Java, one
of the Dutch East Indian Possessions, temporarily residing at Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Telegraphic Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL CABLES SO AS TO PROTECT THE
CORES OF SUCH CABLES FROM THE DESTRUCTIVE ACTION OF MARINE AND
SUBTERRANEAN INSECTS."
Sealed the 15th March 1878, and dated the 10th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Göllner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th January 1878.
DANIEL GÖLLNER, of Batavia, in the Island of Java, one of the Dutch East
Indian Possessions, temporarily residing at Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Telegraphic Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRICAL
CABLES SO AS TO PROTECT THE CORES OF SUCH CABLES FROM THE DESTRUCTIVE
ACTION OF MARINE AND SUBTERRANEAN INSECTS."
In the tropics it has been found that the duration of submarine and subterranean
electric telegraph cables has been much reduced by the destructive action of marine
and subterranean insects, which eat into the gutta percha and other coating of the
wire and make holes through which water penetrates, destroying the insulation of
the wire and thus preventing the transmission of messages thereby and producing
corrosion, which gradually eats it away.
Now the object of my Invention is to protect the core of telegraphic cables from
such destructive action, and it consists in covering the said core with india-rubber,
either in its natural state, or vulcanized, or otherwise prepared so as not to destroy
its elasticity.

page_text: The said india-rubber or compound of india-rubber, which is made into sheets of
suitable thickness, say, from 1/4 to 1/16 of an inch, is applied on the outside of the
core of the cable by cutting the said sheets into bands or strips of suitable width to
surround the core, and when placed thereon is cemented so as to form a tube or
sheath covering the core; or the said bands or strips may be wound spirally round
the core of the cable; or the said india-rubber may be affixed thereto by other suit-
able means.
IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR RENDERING NEW AND USED BARRELS SUITABLE FOR THE RECEPTION OF BEER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert James Lane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1878.
"AN
JAMES LANE, of Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham, Chemist.
IMPROVED COMPOUND FOR RENDERING NEW AND USED BARRELS SUITABLE FOR THE
RECEPTION OF BEER."
According to this Invention and by means of my improved compound, I supersede
the present steaming process applied to barrels for rendering them suitable for the
reception of beer. I also, by means of my improved compound, render fusty and
other unsuitable barrels suitable for the reception of beer, which have heretofore
been useless for such purpose.
My improved compound consists of the following main ingredients, viz. :-Chloride
of zinc and permanganate or manganate of potash and water, and in or about the
following proportions, viz. :-One part of permanganate of potash to about ten to
sixty parts of a saturated chloride of zine solution. The greater the proportion of
manganate or permanganate of potash the quicker the action will be.
This compound is applied instead of the steaming now usual with new and used
barrels by first charging the barrel with some water, and then adding the compound.
The barrel is then rolled or shaken about, and may then shortly after be emptied
and rinsed with water, after which it is suitable for the reception of beer.
To render fusty and other used unsuitable barrels suitable for the reception of
beer, I apply the solution as above stated, but the process requires much longer
timme, say one or more days, during which the barrel should be occasionally shifted
in position so as to expose all parts to the action of the compound; or the barrels
may be quite filled with water charged with my compound and simply stood for
one or more days, after which they are emptied and rinsed with water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATOR VALVES OR Cocks
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1878. A communication
from abroad by Henry Melville Whitney, of Boston, Massachusetts, United
States of America, Merchant.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown,
Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue
Laffitte, Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATOR VALVES OR Cocks." [A commu-
nication from abroad by Henry Melville Whitney, of Boston, Massachusetts, United
States of America, Merchant.]
This Invention of improvements in regulator valves or cocks relates to that class
of cocks used in connection with inspirators or injectors, and the object of the
Invention is to regulate the supply of water, and at the same time to prevent
the possibility of the admission of air to the inspirator, the result of the pressure of
air being that when it comes in contact with the steam it becomes lieated and
expanded to such a degree as to destroy the operation of the machine.
The "lazy cock" is arranged within the supply pipe between the tank of the
locomotive and the inspirator, and below the bottom of the water in the tank. By
means of a crank and rod connected with the plug stem the cock is brought under
the control of the engineer and operated in the same manner as those now used for
regulating the supply of water to the pump, and known among locomotive
engineers as the "lazy cock."
Referring to the Drawings forming part of this Provisional Specification, Figure 1
is a longitudinal vertical section of the Invention, shewing the plug in elevation;
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the same, taken on the line x, x, Figure 1.
a is the pipe that leads to the supply tank, and b the pipe leading to the inspi-
rator; c, c, represent the plug fitted snugly within the casing k, the gate or por-
tion & connecting the two heads of the plug being made sufficiently wide to fully
cover the opening to the pipe b. The rear connection e serves to aid in supporting
or strengthening the plug. Through the top and bottom heads of the plug are
holes o, o, and above the upper head and below the lower one a space is left, into

page_text: which the water passes through the holes o, o, thus causing the water to cover
all the parts or joints exposed to the action of the vacuum induced by the
inspirator.
The diameter of the pipe a, and of its connections with the tank, is much greater
than that of the pipe b that connects with the inspirator, so as always to ensure a 5
larger supply of water than could be drawn at the same time through the tube b,
and so as to keep the joints covered with water, and thus effectually prevent the
entrance of air into the cock.
The plug c, c, is attached to the spindle or stem f, the top of which is to be
attached to a connecting rod under the control of the engineer.
The casing which encloses the plug is surmounted by a screw cupi, in the upper
portion of which is a stuffing box and nut y.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND REGULATING ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Wilde, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING
AND REGULATING ELECTRIC LIGHT."
led the 4th April 1879, and dated the 18th December 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Wilde at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1878.
HENRY WILDE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AND REGULATING ELECTRIC LIGHT."
My Invention consists in improvements in the method of producing electric light
from carbons placed parallel to each other, as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me on the 17th day of August 1878, No. 3250.
In the present improvements the carbons are made to slide in straight V grooves
in the holders for the purpose of maintaining their parallelism.
Grooved friction rollers attached to the ends of springs press the carbons into
good contact with their respective holders, and permit them to slide up and down
freely in the V grooves.
The carbons are fed upwards, as they are consumed by means of a spring or
weight acting on a piston in the tube in which they are enclosed, and the upward
motion of the carbons is arrested by means of a block of lime or other refractory
substance with which the incandescent points come in contact. By this arrange-
ment long lengths of carbon may be consumed without requiring attention, and the
luminous points are always maintained in a fixed position.
Another method of raising the carbons automatically is by means of compressed
air acting on a piston fitting in the tube containing the carbons, the compressed air
being admitted in proportion to the rate at which the carbons are consumed.

page_text: Or the carbons may be raised by a cord passing around a drum or other
equivalents actuated by clock work.
Instead of causing one of the carbons to approach and to separate from the other
as described in my former Patent above referred to, their parallelism is rigidly
maintained, and they are lighted automatically by means of a small piece of carbon
fixed in a special holder. This holder is hinged to an electro magnet which
establishes the electric arc between the two parallel carbons when the current is
transmitted. The point of contact between the small piece of carbon and the
parallel carbons is below the luminous points, and when the contact piece of carbon
is withdrawn by the action of the electro-magnet, the electric are immediately
ascends to the points, where it is maintained so long as the current is transmitted.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO EXHAUST AND PETTICOAT PIPES TO BE USED IN COM- BINATION WITH SMOKE BOXES AND STACKS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES AND BOILERS."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Joseph Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1878. A communication
from abroad by Adolphus Davis, of the City of Montreal, Province of Quebec,
Dominion of Canada.
ROBERT JOSEPH ELLIS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO EXHAUST AND PETTICOAT PIPES TO BE USED IN COM-
BINATION WITH SMOKE BOXES AND STACKS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES AND
BOILERS." A communication from abroad by Adolphus Davis, of the City of
Montreal, Province of Quebec, Dominion of Canada.
This Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements on exhaust and
petticoat" pipes to be used in combination with smoke boxes and stacks of loco-
motive and other engines and boilers.
The first part of this Invention relates to the combination of a special injector
shaped petticoat pipe, and a long exhaust pipe with a partition of wire netting
across the middle of the injector pipe, so constructed as to cause a draught through
the said combined pipe creating a vacuum in the smoke box in which it is placed
and in the injector.
The second part of this Invention relates to the combination of a long projecting
exhaust pipe in connection with the injector shaped "petticoat" pipe. This exhaust
pipe commences in close proximity to the bottom of the smoke box, and extends
upwards through the injector shaped "petticoat" pipe into the base of the smoke
stack or chimney. The top of the smoke box is provided with a diaphragm of
wire netting, which is placed across the smoke box above the boiler tubes.
In operation the exhaust steam or a steam jet passes through the long exhaust
pipe within the injector shaped "petticoat" pipe, thus creating a vacuum in such
petticoat" pipe and in the smoke box. The soot, sparks, cinders, and dirt are
thus drawn down to the bottom of the smoke box, and are prevented from passing
up through the smoke stack by the wire netting in the "petticoat" pipe. Further,
an equalized draught is created on the fire bars, thus utilizing to better advantage
[Price 271

page_text: the heating surface in the tubes of boilers, and thereby economizing coal. Also
preventing damage to the fire-box plates, saving the cylinders, valves, and pistons
from destruction from coal dust, ashes, or grit. The parts are of economy of con-
struction and maintenance, and ensure safety from fires resulting from emission of
sparks, the combination acting as a spark arrester.
IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR PLANISHING AND CREASING METALS, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sims at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 22nd August 1878.
HENRY SIMS, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Smelter and Refiner.
IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR PLANISHING AND CREASING METALS, APPLICABLE
ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
61
To the outer end of a horizontal arm or lever I fix a hammer for planishing or
creasing metals, the said hammer being carried in a box formed in the end of the
said arun, and made adjustable upwards and downwards in the said box to suit the
thickness of the metal to be acted upon. The said arm or lever is carried on a
centre or fulcrum, and is continued backwards beyond the fulcrum either in a hori-
zontal or other direction, and is connected at its back end by means of a connecting
rod with a crank, eccentric, or mechanical equivalent upon a revolving shaft. The
said shaft is revolved through the medium of a treadle or by other means as desired,
and the crank thus actuates the hammer through the medium of the lever aforesaid.
This mechanism is applicable also to other purposes, as, for instance, drawing out
metals.
A NEW MODE OF CONVEYING SOUND TO AND FROM VIBRATING AND SOUND-PRODUCING OR RECEIVING BODIES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Cox Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1878.
EDWARD COX WALKER, of Lawrence Cottage, Cemetery Road, York, in the
County of York. "A NEW MODE OF CONVEYING SOUND TO AND FROM VIBRATING
AND SOUND-PRODUCING OR RECEIVING BODIES."
My Invention consists in the application or addition of,―
First. A mouth-piece or compound tube (herein-after described) to any vibratory
or sound-producing body or bodies for the purpose of conveying the same sound at
one and the same time to two or more such bodies united or otherwise.
Second. In the application or addition of an ear-piece or compound tube (here-
after described) to connect with any vibratory or sound-producing body or bodies
for conveying vibrations or sounds from one or more such bodies united or other-
wise to the ear at one and the same time.
The mouth and ear pieces or tubes are especially applicable to the class of instru-
ments known as telephones.
The mouth-piece is so formed that upon speaking into it the aerial vibrations or
sound waves are directed by its means upon two or more diaphragms or other
vibratory or sound-producing bodies or substances united or otherwise at one and
the same time.
The ear-piece or tube is formed so as to convey the vibrations or sounds from two
or more diaphragms or other vibratory or sound-producing bodies or substances,
united or otherwise to the ear at one and the same time.
The mouth and ear pieces or tubes may be made of wood, ebonite, metal, or other
material. They are constructed in such a manner that one exterior opening may
be comfortably presented to the mouth or ear, that the openings branch out after
they leave the surface aperture, which opens into the two or more tubes, such
branching or opening out being executed in the wood or other material so as to
present a smooth flowing surface to the bottom of each of the branches or tubes
close to the position where the telephones, vibrating body, or other sounding instru-
ment is placed.

page_text: These telephones or other vibrating or sounding instruments may be afterwards
united to increase the power or force, or be constructed in a compound form adapted
to the compound mouth or compound ear-piece described above.
Two parts separately constructed to form the branching tube will for the purposes
of this Invention be considered as and are absolutely equivalent to the branching
tube. Each of such parts adapted to go together and form a branching tube for the
purposes of this Invention are separately claimed; also an ear-piece or tube con-
structed in a form so as to combine the sound of two or more vibrating or sound-
producing bodies, and convey the same through one exterior opening to the ear, or
by diverging or other tubes, one to each ear, is hereby also claimed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO VALVE APPARATUS FOR STEAM AND OTHER CYLIN- DERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pengilly Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1878.
WILLIAM PENGILLY MARTIN, of Falmouth, in the County of Cornwall. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO VALVE APPARATUS FOR STEAM AND OTHER CYLIN-
DERS."
This Invention consists in a very simple form of valve apparatus for engines and
pumps, by which the piston as it reaches the end of its stroke itself reverses the
valves.
I form the ports of the cylinder in the form of a cross, one slot of the cross being
the usual port, the other slot a much shorter one as a rule, being at right angles
to it.
The two valves are situated in a valve chest as usual, and are either rigidly
fastened together by a bar or are securely held in a sliding frame common to them
both. The steam and exhaust ports open out into the face on opposite sides of the
cylinder port. The valve, an ordinary D valve in each case, has a projecting bar
projecting through the longitudinal slot of the cylinder + port into the cylinder.
When the piston nearly arrives at the end of its stroke, it pushes the projecting
bar back into a recess in the cylinder cover. This pushes the valve, of which the said
bar forms a part, till it covers only the cylinder port and the steam port. At the
same time (the two valves being securely fixed together) the other valve has been
driven forward simultaneously till it covers only the cylinder port and the exhaust
port. When the piston returns the same effect is produced.
The bar or frame connecting the two valves can have a valve rod projecting
through the stuffing boxes in the valve chest into the outer air, so that it can
be worked by hand, if desirable, and reversed.
This form of valve apparatus is specially suitable for water engines and pumps,
and for steam engines, where expansion is not desired, though by giving the valves
considerable lap and using an eccentric or cam valve motion as well, any desired
[Price 201

page_text: expansion could be obtained, and at the same time the valves could be made to open
fully, immediately on reaching the ends of its stroke.
Sometimes instead of a cross port, I place a pin working though each cylinder
cover, which pin is linked to a lever to which the valve rod is attached; as
the cylinder reaches the end of its stroke, it pushes up the pin, and thus moves the a
valves.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR DRYING REFUSE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hailwood, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR DRYING REFUSE."
Sealed the 17th May 1878, and dated the 12th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hailwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th March 1878.
WILLIAM HAILWOOD, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster.
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR DRYING REFUSE."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to the drying of human and other excreta, the refuse of
slaughter houses, and such other refuse as is required to be reduced by drying to a
state of powder for use as artificial manure or otherwise.
The apparatus consists mainly of a fixed horizontal cylindrical vessel, enclosed
in a steam jacket for heating the contents, and having a revolving axle passing
through the centre of the ends, and provided with radial arme or agitators to keep
the refuse in a state of motion and subdivision whilst the drying is taking
place.
The inner cylinder is deeply corrugated in a circumferential direction in order to
present an increased heating surface to the action of the steam.
The corrugations are not carried entirely round the inside of the cylindrical vessel,
the bottom part of the cylinder being left plain to facilitate the removal of the dried
refuse therefrom.

page_text: Man-holes are provided above and below (passing through the steam space) for
the introduction of the refuse at the top, and its removal from the bottom in a state
of powder when dried.
There is also a flue passing upwards through the top for the passage to the
chimney of the steam and effluvium emitted from the refuse during the drying
operation.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE DELIVERY PIPES OF BEER ENGINES, TAPS, COCKS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS CON- TRIVANCES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Gunthorpe and Bernhard Henoch
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1878.
ALFRED GUNTHORPE and BERNHARD HENOCH, both of Camberwell, in the County
of Surrey. ** IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THE
DELIVERY PIPES OF BEER ENGINES, TAPS, COCKS, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS CON-
TRIVANCES."
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus to be used in connection with
the delivery pipes of beer engines, taps, cocks, and other analogous contrivances, and
whereby waste of liquid is avoided.
The apparatus which forms the subject of the present Invention consists of a valve.
which is screwed into or otherwise fixed on the end or nose of the delivery pipe of a
beer engine, or any tap or cock used for the delivery of liquids; such valve being
capable of closing immediately, the pressure of liquid is taken off the same, and thus
preventing the further exit of liquid. The valve consists of two semicircular pieces.
of metal which are connected by a hinge provided with springs as will be well
understood, with a flat plate placed at right angles thereto. The valve is placed
tranversely in a short tube which is capable of being screwed on or fixed to the
delivery pipe of a beer engine, or tap, or cock, or other analogous contrivance, the
semicircular pieces of which the same is composed being of such a size when in their
normal position as to fit the delivery pipe, tap, cock, or other contrivance to which
it may be applied. Upon the liquid contained in the vessel to which the apparatus
is applied being withdrawn by the action of the engine or opening of the tap, cock,
or other contrivance, the two semicircular plates of the valve by the pressure of the
liquid are forced into a position parallel to the axis of the pipe or channel through
which the liquid is intended to pass, but upon the pressure ceasing the said semi-
circular plates by the action of the springs immediately resume their normal position,
thus closing the delivery pipe or aperture of the tap, cock, or other contrivance, and
effectually preventing the escape or waste of any liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BUOYS AND LIFE BELTS, AND IN MATTRESSES AND DECK SEATS OF VESSELS TO RENDER THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR SAVING LIFE FROM DROWNING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Don Ramon de Silva Ferro at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1878.
DON RAMON DE SILVA FERRO, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex,
Lieutenant in the Royal Spanish Navy, and Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BUOYS AND LIFE BELTS, AND IN MATTRESSES AND
DECK SEATS OF VESSELS TO RENDER THE SAME APPLICABLE FOR SAVING LIFE FROM
DROWNING."
My Invention relates more particularly to life buoys, and consists in an improved
construction whereby they may be rendered lighter and more buoyant than those
at present in use. The Invention is however also applicable to life belts, and may
further be applied to the mattresses and deck seats of vessels to render them
capable of being utilized for saving life from drowning.
Although I shall describe the Invention as applied to the construction of life
buoys, I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to this application.
According to my Invention the life buoy is composed of a number of hollow
water-tight cases of elliptical or cylindrical shape in cross section, hermetically sealed
and attached together as hereafter described to form a life buoy. There may be as
many of these hollow cases as are necessary, and the life buoy may be of circular,
polygonal, or other shape. These hollow cases or cylinders are placed end to end
and are secured to wooden rings of corresponding form but of larger diameter than
the cylinders interposed between them, and the whole is covered with waterproof
canvas which extends from end to end of the cylinders over which it is stretched
and made fast to the wooden rings, the annular space between the canvas covering
and the surface of the cylinders being filled and tightly packed with granulated
cork. A piece of oil canvas or waterproof felt is placed across the rings to
effectually prevent the entrance of water through the canvas covering. Stout
canvas or tape is bound round outside the canvas covering at the points where the
cylinders are attached to one another, and over the seams of the canvas covers to
firmly secure the whole in place, and the life bouy is painted and provided with the
usual ropes.

page_text: The packing of granulated cork, besides increasing the buoyancy of the life buoy,
serves also as a non-conductor to prevent damage to the hollow cylinders or cases by
expansion and contraction, the wooden rings further protecting them from rough
usage.
The hollow cylinders may if found necessary be strengthened to protect them a
from external pressure by discs of cork or light wood placed transversely inside the
cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CASUALLY OPENING THE BOXES USED IN PIGEON SHOOTING MATCHES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Bazin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1878.
66
ERNEST BAZIN, Civil Engineer, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CASUALLY OPENING THE BOXES USED IN
PIGEON SHOOTING MATCHES.”
The apparatus forming the subject of the present Invention is intended to effect
the casual or accidental opening of one or more boxes in which the pigeons are
contained and are to be shot at some fixed distance.
The principle consists in the centrifugal projection of a ball b thrown to the
bottom of a basin or cup c, to compel it to take the course of a certain space supplied
with obstacles on one or more inclined planes p', p³, arranged successively in such
a manner as to render its course quite uncertain, and to finally lead it accidentally
into one or other of a number of tubes t¹, t, to, where it afterwards receives a horizontal
impulsion, see Fig. I. These tubes, which unite one with the other horizontally, are
equal in number with the pigeon boxes, with which latter they communicate by a
special method; they are also each provided with a piston d³, d³, d, Fig. 2. All
the pistons receive simultaneously by the same mechanical action a horizontal
impulsion, which only takes effect in the tube where the projected ball has appeared
in an unforseen manuer, this ball being the indispensable intermediary between the
piston and the mode of transmitting motion to the corresponding pigeon box.
The accidental entry therefore of a ball without noise into one of the tubes of the
apparatus where it has been projected by the centrifugal action of a basin or cup,
followed by a mechanical action simultaneously displacing all the pistons arranged
in the tubes, and taking effect only in the tube where the ball has fallen, for the
purpose of producing a special transmission of motion effecting the opening of the
box corresponding with this tube, and so liberating the pigeon contained in this
box; such are the phases of action of the apparatus, and which form the basis of
my claim.
If two balls are placed in the basin, the centrifugal projection will impel them in
different directions, and by aid of the obstacles in their subsequent course, these

page_text: balls will fall at random, each into one of the tubes of the series in the apparatus;
the result will then be, that the ulterior mechanical action will produce two
horizontal impulses, and finally terminating by a simultaneous and quite accidental
opening of two of the pigeon boxes. The apparatus therefore can with the same
hap-hazard action serve for brace shooting, as it is impossible that two balls so
impelled, and contrariwise, should both fall in the same tube. Besides, it is always
easy for this special purpose to construct a larger apparatus on the same principle,
separating the balls in their projection and course, and directing each one in
separate tubes of the series, but in which the initial action is simultaneously
exercised, which determines the horizontal impulsion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shanks and James Gordon
Lyon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October 1878.
JAMES SHANKS and JAMES GORDON LYON, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar,
Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXCAVATING."
Our Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of excavating
machine or steam navvy.
In carrying out our Invention an engine is employed having, say, two cylinders
provided with link motion, reversing gear, and vertical boiler mounted on the end
of a carriage.
On the crank shaft of the engine is fixed a bevel pinion engaging with a bevel
wheel, and transmitting motion through a train of gearing to two pitch wheels
which in their turn give motion to a pitch chain and buckets. The buckets are
provided with teeth for breaking the soil and are guided between the two sides of
a jib during the time they are cutting. It is proposed to arrange the jib so that
the radius can be reduced or increased to suit the various soils in which the navvy
may be required to work.
On the crank shaft are fixed bevel wheels and clutches for working the slewing
gear. This gear consists of a pair of worms and worm wheels.
Means are provided on the end of the carriage for hauling the tipping waggons
into position.
Provision is also made for opening and shutting a door fitted at the end of the
spout delivering the soil. This door is closed to enable the soil excavated and
delivered into the "spout" to be retained whilst the waggons are being removed.
IMPROVED COMBINED MATCH BOX AND LIGHTER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Clément at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1878.
EMILE CLÉMENT, of Golden Lane, Old Street, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED COMBINED MATCH BOX AND LIGHTER."
" AN
This Invention relates to an improved system of combined match box and
lighter.
The box consists of a cylindrical metallic case with a vertical slot, in which sides
up and down a pusher. Inside the box is a cylindrical cage, consisting of a solid
bottom plate, through which passes a spindle, the lower end of which, projecting
through the plate of the cage, is formed with a screw thread upon it. Extending
upwards from the plate are a number of vertical bars, with spaces between them
large enough to receive one match. The cage touches the interior of the box, but
is capable of turning freely therein.
Inside the cage is a half-circular screen, descending to the plate thereof, and
attached at the top to a plate, which is fixed to the interior of the box, and through
which plate the upper end of the spindle passes and turns freely.
The screen is placed in position in front of the slot in the box. In the top plate
is a hole immediately above the slot in the box, and above this hole is arranged a
piece with an indented or rough surface, which piece is carried by a spring attached
to the plate, or forms part of the spring. An opening is left in this plate for the
introduction of the matches to the interior of the cage.
The screen at the height of the heads of the matches is made slightly smaller in
diameter to allow the heads to pass.
The top of the box is closed by a lid having a hole in it for the passage of the
lighted match.
Below the bottom plate of the cage is a plate fixed to the box, and having a slot
for the passage of the pusher, and a central hole, through which the spindle passes
freely. Upon this last plate is fixed a spring pawl, engaging with the teeth of a
wheel screwed on the spindle, a nut being interposed between the wheel and the
.D...931

page_text: plate to prevent them touching. The number of teeth in 'the wheel corresponds
with the number of spaces between the bars of the cage.
The bottom of the box is closed by a cover screwed on to the spindle, and having
a milled edge.
The matches being introduced into the cage fall into the spaces between the bars
as they are brought round to the open part opposite the screen; and to obtain a
light the pusher is brought down to the bottom of the slot, and the cage made to
revolve by turning the milled cover at the bottom, when the matches are carried
round to the back of the screen, and presented one at a time in front of the slot in
the box. The pusher is then forced upwards, carrying the match with it, which
will be ignited by rubbing against the indented or rough surface of the spring upon
the top plate, and the match passes out through the hole in the lid, its bottom end
being firmly held between the spring and the inside of the box.
ENGINES AND IN OTHER SIMILAR ROTARY APPARATUS."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1878.
EDWARD HALL, of Boston, in the County of Lincoln.
ENGINES AND IN OTHER SIMILAR ROTARY APPARATUS."
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY
My Invention has reference to rotary engines driven by steam, water, or other
motive fluid, and is applicable also to apparatus for exhausting and forcing liquids
or fluids, and for measuring.
In my improved engine the cylinder or chamber in which the piston travels is of
annular form; it is made in two parts joined together, and the joint farther from
the centre may be made tight by a ring entering grooves in the two parts or
castings.
The piston is carried by a plate or collar having a boss, and fixed on a
shaft concentric with the annular cylinder or chamber. This plate or collar
works between the two parts of the annular cylinder or chamber, a tight
joint being formed by packing springs bearing against the two faces of the
plate or collar.
The plate or collar has a projecting part which protrudes
into the cylinder or chamber. The piston is fastened to this projecting part
which is overlapped by projections formed with the piston itself. At two opposite
sides of the shaft the annular cylinder or chamber has in it ports or openings
governed by suitable valves so as to alternately admit steam or other fluid or liquid
to and allow its escape from the cylinder or chamber. Midway between the two
above named ports at each side of the shaft the annular cylinder or chamber is
provided with two sliding parts, so arranged and operated that when the one pair
is open the other pair will be closed, thus forming a partition, stop, or abutment
across the annular cylinder or chamber. The piston is moved by steam or other
notive fluid entering the annular cylinder or chainber between one of the partitions,
stops, or abutments (for the time closed) and the piston. As the piston travels
along the annular cylinder or chamber the pair of sliding parts constituting the
partition, stop, or abutment that was closed gradually opens (so that the piston
may pass it) and the other pair closes, and so on alternately.

page_text: The sliding parts of the partitions, stops, or abutments are operated by suitable
connections from a compound cam fixed on the shaft. In this cam an annular
recess has at each of its sides or circumferences a groove of suitable form to give the
required movements through the connections to the sliding parts of the partitions,
stops, or-abutments..
The admission and exhaust valves may be-in-the-form of plugs, having a partial
rotary motion, which may be given through suitable connecting rods from a pair of
eccentrics on the shaft.
Reversing gear may-be-provided.
To start the engine when the periphery of the piston is opposite a port sup-
plementary inlets with a suitable valve or cock may be provided.
As is obvious apparatus constructed on the principle of my Invention may be
used for drawing and forcing liquids or fluids, and for measuring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Drake, of Sheffield, in the County of York, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND
STEEL."
Sealed the 7th March 1879, and dated the 10th September 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Drake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th September 1878.
WILLIAM DRAKE, of Sheffield, in the County of York.
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
My Invention relates to further improvements on the Letters Patent granted to
me bearing date the 5th Feby. 1877, No. 480, and consists in refining and
making malleable iron direct from the cupola, by mixing the compound, as described
in the said Letters Patent, more or less with old wrought scrap iron, or Bessemer
or other steel, intermixed with the pig metal sufficiently smelted to amalgamate
and become malleable when drawn out of the furnace for cast-iron malleable pur-
poses, and also in mixing metal made by the same compound with scrap iron or
steel to be run down an inclined step channel into a puddling furnace, and then
puddled into bar iron of every description that may be required. This process will
improve the quality of all iron made thereby.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Drake in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th March
1879.
WILLIAM DRAKE, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
My Invention relates to further improvements on the Letters Patent granted to
me bearing date the 5th February 1877, No. 486, and consists in refining and
making malleable iron direct from the cupola, by mixing the compound, as described
in the said Letters Patent, more or less with old wrought scrap iron, or Bessemer
or other steel, intermixed with the pig metal sufficiently smelted to amalgamate
and become malleable when drawn out of the furnace for cast-iron malleable pur-
poses, and also in mixing metal made by the same compound with scrap iron or
steel to be run down an inclined step channel into a puddling furnace, and then
puddled into bar iron of every description that may be required. This process will
improve the quality of all iron made thereby.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect,
I would observe in conclusion, that what I consider novel and original, and there-
fore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,-
1. The method of refining and inaking malleable iron direct from the cupola,
substantially as herein-before described.
2. The treatment of metals with scrap iron or steel, combined with the use of an
inclined step channel, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Drake, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-nine.
W. DRAKE. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCING SALT FROM BRINE, AND FOR STOVING THE SAME BY MEANS OF STEAM
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Chadwick, Henry
Whitehead, and Smith Norbury Cartlidge at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 24th October 1878.
THOMAS CHADWICK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Salt Manu-
facturer, HENRY WHITEHEAD, of Longport, in the County of Stafford, Manager, and
SMITH NORBURY CARTLIDGE, of Longport aforesaid, Potter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURING OR PRODUCING SALT FROM BRINE, AND FOR STOVING THE SAME
BY MEANS OF STEAM."
The object of this Invention is to produce salt from brine of better quality and
at less cost by means of steam than at present is possible by the use of com-
bustible fuel. For the purposes of our Invention we first provide a suitable vat or
pan of the required shape and size, which by preference is of wood, but which may
be made of any other material or substance.
Within this pan we place any necessary number of chambers, which are for the
purpose of containing steam, and which are at equal distances from each other.
Into the before-mentioned pan we pump the brime, and steam is conveyed into
each of the said chambers by means of a suitable pipe, which it will be understood
causes the brine to boil.
Under the said pan we provide a suitable condensed water pipe which is
connected with each of the before-mentioned chambers. The quantity of condensed
water allowed to remain in the before-mentioned chambers is regulated by suitable
stop cocks.
After the steam has passed through all the chambers it is delivered into a steam
trap, and then in the form of hot water into a heater, which heater is fitted with a
coiled pipe through which the brine has to pass as it is being forced into the
before-mentioned pan.

page_text: The hot water is then passed by means of a suitable pipe under or through the
stove house, and its remaining heat is thus utilized in drying the salt, which then
requires to be stoved.
It will be understood that the said chamber, heater, and pipes may be constructed