CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR ASCERTAINING, REGISTERING, AND REGULATING THE SPEED OF CARRIAGES AND MA- CHINERY
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eleventh day of February, in the ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward Newton,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others; from time to time and at all times during the term of years, therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INSTRUMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR
ASCERTAINING, REGISTERING, AND REGULATING THE SPEED OF CARRIAGES AND MA-
CHINERY," being a communication from a Foreigner residing abroad; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said William Edward
Newton, by an instrument in writing, under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause. the same to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and

page_text: by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is paticu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):
The Invention for which I have obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent
as aforesaid, consists of a machine or apparatus of peculiar construction,
which, when applied to or connected with the axle of one of the running
wheels of a locomotive engine or carriage, or to the axle or shaft of any
stationary engine or machine, will indicate and register the speed at which
such engine, carriage, or machine is going or works; or, by means of certain
modifications, may be made to regulate the speed of the engine or machine.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings, I have shewn various views of an
instrument or apparatus for ascertaining and registering the speed of loco-
motive or stationary engines. The instrument is enclosed in an oblong box,
made of wood, iron, or any other suitable material, shut in on all sides, and
is composed of certain wheel-work and other parts hereafter described, which
have two distinct movements, one of which the Inventor calls an "uniform
movement," and the other a "variable movement." Fig. 1 represents a side
elevation of the instrument or apparatus enclosed in a box, one of the sides
of which is removed in order to shew the mechanism inside; Fig. 2 is a
bird's-eye view of the same, with the several lids or covers 11, 12, 14,
seen in Fig. 1, removed; Fig. 3 is also a bird's-eye view, with the lid of the
box taken away; Fig. 4 is an end elevation, with one of the ends of the box
removed. The above Figures are drawn to a scale of half the real size;
and the other Figures, which represent some of the details, are drawn to
the full size. A horizontal shaft A, mounted in bearings 18, 18, 18, receives
its motion from the steam engine or locomotive, or any other prime mover,
the speed of which the instrument is intended to register. The motion of the
engine is communicated to the shaft A of the instrument by means of the
pulley 1, and a strap or a series of wheels or friction pulleys. Upon this shaft
a worm or endless screw C is fixed, which gives motion to the horizontal
toothed wheel .D, and consequently to the shaft D*, upon which the same is
mounted, as seen in the plan view Fig. 3; the end view Fig. 4, and by dots
in Fig. 1. A second worm E, fixed at the top of the upright shaft D*, gives
motion to the wheel F; and by means of the other wheels and pinions

page_text: G, H, I, J, this motion is transmitted to the arm K, which is fixed. on the
shaft of the wheel J. The manner in which this arm K is actuated by the
motion of the wheel J is by forming a clutch on the side of the axle of the
arm, and also on that of the wheel where the two are in contact. The clutches
on the axles of the arm K and wheel J are kept in close contact by means of
the spiral spring 19 (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 8), which will admit of the arm
being pushed laterally away from and independent of the wheel when required.
This part of the apparatus will be more clearly understood by referring to
Fig. 8, which is a detached view thereof, drawn upon an enlarged scale. The
extremity of this arm K, is connected by the rod L to a slide m (see Fig. 1),
which works in the grooves of the frame 23. It follows that when the small
frame or register n (see Figs. 12 & 13) is also placed in the grooves and
brought close up to the slide m, it will be pushed along there in the direction
of the arrow by the slide m, as this latter is moved forward by the arm K.
This is what is termed the "uniform movement," because for any number of
revolutions of the shaft A, which actuates the whole apparatus, the slide m,
and with it the register, will have passed through a regular distance, and by
augmenting or diminishing the size or proportions of the wheels G, H, I, the
register may be calculated to pass over a given space for any given number
of revolutions of the shaft A. The "variable movement" is produced in the
following manner. The shaft A is furnished with a square key or feather,
which is fitted on to the shaft A, and the friction pulley B is mounted thereon
in such a manner that it may be slidden along the shaft, but yet is, by means
of the key or feather, made to revolve therewith. The vertical screwed shaft
P, with a progressively increasing pitch; is mounted in the step 2 below, and
is supported at its upper end by the steel centre or bearing 9. The lower
end of this screw or screwed shaft P, which I denominate the progressive
screw, carries the horizontal friction pulley o, furnished with a groove in its
circumference, into which is lapped'a few turns of cord or leather, and the
vertical friction pulley B, being pressed by the spiral spring 3 against the
pulley o, a constant rotary motion is given to the screwed shaft P. The
required rotary motion may also be communicated to the shaft P by means
of wheelwork, or any other known method. A brass ball Q, bored out to
the size of the outside diameter of the screwed shaft or progressive screw. P,
is made to slide freely up and down the shaft, and a steel pin is tapped
inside the piece Q, and projects through the inside of the piece Q, and fits
accurately into the thread of the screw. Two or more small vanes S are
fixed to the outside of Q; another piece or ball of brass or iron R is bored
throughout, for the purpose of sliding freely up and down the progressive

page_text: screw P, and is always supported upon the top of the piece Q. By means of
small pivots or studs on the sides of the ball R, and two connecting links,
the ball R is connected to the forked end of the bell crank lever T, which
works on the two centres U. U, see Figs. 1 and 3. The rod V connects the.
extremity of this bell crank lever T to the carriage X; which has at one end
two small guiding pulleys 10, and at the other a roller Y, working freely into
the inside of the box 11, which is formed of a lid and two sides only. The
sides have at the bottom an inside and an outside projecting rib or flange,
see enlarged sectional view Fig. 13, so that when the box is placed upon the
frame 23 the inside ribs or flanges cover the groove formed therein, and by
means of the outer flanges the box is fastened on to the frame by screws.
There are other inside ribs, as shewn in the Drawings, which are made to
support the roller Y in a horizontal position. Inside this box a number of
levers or treadles Z are fixed on a spindle, which is fastened to the sides of
the box. The shaft A gives motion in the manner before described to the
the progressive screw P, which carries round with it the piece Q and the
vanes S, S. By any augmentation of the speed of the screw, the resistance of
the air against the vanes will also increase and tend to retard the rotary:
motion, and the thread of the screw then acting upon the pin in the pièce
Q, will elevate the same, and by that means raise the piece R, thereby acting
also upon the bell crank lever T, and causing its opposite extremity to drag or
push the roller Y in the direction of the arrow. If, on the contrary, the
speed of the progressive screw P were to be diminished in consequence of a
retarding motion of the shaft A, then the piece Q and the vanes not meeting
the same atmospheric resistance, would descend in proportion as the piece Q
would be acted upon by its own gravity and that of the piece R, and the
roller Y would then be pushed in a contrary direction. In the Drawing the
pieces and R, and other parts of the instrument are represented in a
quiescent position, and as they would appear when the machine is in a state of
rest; but immediately that the progressive screw begins to rotate, the piece
Q will mount a few inches up the progressive screw, and will gradually-rise
as the speed increases. By constructing the progressive screw P in the
manner above shewn, or upon the principle hereafter more particularly ex-
plained, and by giving a more extensive surface to the vanes S, S, any relative
position of the roller Y may be obtained, corresponding to any given speed of
the shaft A. Figures 6 and 7 represent a side elevation and top view of one
of the levers or treadles Z, Z, before mentioned, drawn full size; at their short
ends is screwed a tracer 1, made of ivory or bone, but the top part--is
left square, so that by means of a key they may be set to any depth;

page_text: and under the long end of every one of these levers or treadles Z there
is a small projecting part or cam piece j, placed in such a
manner that
the cam piece of the next lever is a little further along the lever, and
also a little less in size than the first one, and so on for the others, as
seen best in Fig. 1. The sharp corners of these projections are rounded off,
so that the roller when leaving the one will come immediately into contact
with another without any jump. This roller Y, being obliged in its progress
to pass under these projections, it raises one end of the lever, and consequently.
depresses the other end which carries the tracer. Different speeds of the shaft
A may by this means be ascertained; and I shall now describe the mode
of marking on cards all the variations. A piece of paper, divided by lines
corresponding to the number of tracers contained in the instrument, is placed
in the groove of the frame or register n (see Fig. 13). The length of this
card may be limited to the length of the frame, and it rests against the bottom
of the frame n. After the paper is put in the groove, a sheet of black, blue,
or any other colored tracing paper is also placed in the same groove, and
after that a plate of brass, iron, or any other smooth hard substance must be
placed undermost to serve as a table for the tracers to trace on.
Of course
care must be taken that the white paper be placed in contact with the tracing
paper. When this is done the frame n is slided (with the tracing paper.
upwards) into the grooves formed by the frame 23, and the sides of the box 11,
until the top end of the card is about on a line with the tracers. A convenient
stop is made for the frame to be every time pushed up to. If the instrument
be now put in motion, the slide m, which has also been pushed back by the
insertion of the register, will begin to move forwards, making the register
advance before it. At the same time the roller Y will advance and take the
situation which the speed of the shaft A will describe to it, and by acting upon
the projecting pieces of the levers Z, will of course force down upon the
tracing paper the tracer of that lever against which the roller Y comes in
contact. By this means the tracer will be made to mark upon the white
paper or card a clear and distinct line. As the speed of the engine or machine
augments or diminishes, the roller Y advances or recedes, and thereby leaves,
the projection of the lever Z, against which the said roller had been acting,.
and allows the lever to resume its former position, and another one is then
called into action, and the line formerly traced would be interrupted, and a,
second one would begin to be traced. By previously marking on the white
paper or card cross equi-distant lines, each corresponding to a given number, of
revolutions of the shaft A, the speed of this shaft at all its periods can with
facility be ascertained. The application of this instrument to different kinds

page_text: of first movers is plain and easy to be understood. It will be sufficient therefore
merely to explain the method of applying it to locomotives, and the mode of
using the same therewith. In or upon any of the carriages of a train, and
close up to the side, the box containing the instrument is fastened in such a
manner that the shaft A will be in a plane, parallel to the axle of the carriage_
wherein it is placed. If fixed inside, an opening must be made in the side of
the carriage, and of no more magnitude than just to allow any person to pass the
hand through and put in or withdraw from the box 11 the register n, by means
of the knob 13. A pulley made in two halves, in order that it may be more
easily applied, is to be fixed on the axle of the carriage wheels, and connected
to the pulley on the end of the shaft A by a strap, which, if requisite, might by
means of a tightening pulley be always kept to a proper tension. Let us
suppose a line of railway fifty miles long. By correctly measuring the circum-
ference of the wheel of the carriage containing the instrument, it will be
easy to determine the number of revolutions that it will make in running over
fifty miles. It is stated above that by making the wheels C, D, E, F, of
larger or smaller proportions, the register n may be made to go through
any given space for any given number of revolutions of the pulley A. The
space travelled by the register will, for every trip, be invariably the same; and
in the event of a train running back for any distance or time, the slide
m alone would retrogade, and the register not being in any way fastened to
it would remain stationary, and only renew its course when the train had
returned to the spot where the retrogade motion had begun. It is also stated
that by a simple calculation of the sizes of the pulley 1, and of that, on the
axle of the carriage, or even by the larger or smaller size of the vanes S, S, the
instrument can be made in such a manner that the situation of the roller Y
will correspond with any speed of the shaft A. This being understood, and
the instrument being constructed accordingly, it will be ready for use. Cards
are printed beforehand with lines both lengthways and crossways, the former
indicating the different speeds, and the latter the revolutions of the shaft A, or
what is the same thing, the distance run over by the wheel of the carriage.
Suppose, for instance, that each division represents one mile. If (previous to
starting) one of thèse cards be placed in the register, along with the tracing
paper and table, in the manner already described, it will have received at the
end of the journey a faithful impression of the different speeds at which
the train has been running during that time, and it will clearly show at what
part of the road the speed varied.
Having explained the construction and working of the instrument, which an
inspection of the Drawings will easily make intelligible, I will proceed to

page_text: explain the manner in which the progressive screw P is constructed. On the
line A, K, (Fig. 3, Sheet III.) take A, L, equal to the circumference of the
spindle upon which the screw is to be cut. At L draw a perpendicular, and
at A construct an angle of a given quantity, say, for instance, of seven
degrees, the triangle A, L, C, thus formed, being a right-angled plane
triangle. The hypothenuse, A, C, will describe on the surface of a cylinder, the
circumference of which is A, L, a spiral thread. At C draw C, C¹, parallel
to A, K, and equal to A, L, and construct there an angle double in quantity
to the angle at A, or fourteen degrees, the hypothenuse C, D, would describe
on the surface of the spindle a second spiral thread. In a like manner go on
constructing at D, E, F, G, H, I, angles progressing constantly of seven
degrees each; then by tracing a curve that will pass through all these
differents points A, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, B, and winding this curve round the
surface of the spindle of which K, B, indicates the height, it will describe
one continuous spiral thread, gradually progressing in the pitch.
In constructing the instrument or apparatus which I denominate a "velo-*
cimeter," it is made in such a manner, that when the pin or stud' of the piece
Qis in the first part of the thread of the screw, the roller Y shall be exactly
under the projecting part of the first treadle, and acting against the same. By
calling this a speed of ten miles an hour, for instance, the second treadle
twenty miles an hour, the third thirty, and so on, progressing by ten, they will
correspond to the angles of each thread of the screw, the first being seven
degrees, the second fourteen degrees, the third twenty-one degrees, and so
forth, and presenting thus to the piece Q a resistance in proportion to its
speed or tendency to rise. In cases where the instrument might be subjected
to heavy shocks and shakes or tremulous motions; the tracers would with
difficulty produce a clear mark upon the card; the construction of the levers
and tracers may therefore be modified in the manner hereafter described.
Fig. 1, sheet III., is a sectional view drawn upon an enlarged scale of the
box 11, with the levers modified. Fig. 2 is an end view of the same. The
levers Z are represented here independent of the tracer, and their short ends
slightly bent downwards. The tracers are formed of small upright pieces e,
properly fitted, and sliding up and down in the cross piece a, and carrying at
their lower extremity a small narrow pulley or revolving disc b. The top of
each tracer is pressed down by a light spring c, which forces the tracer on to
the paper and keeps it effectually in contact, when the lever Z, by being
depressed in front, leaves hold of the small projection d, placed behind each
tracer, the weight of the long end of the levers Z being heavy enough to
overbalance the pressure of the spring c, and lift up the tracer when the roller

page_text: Y is not acting upon the said lever. The short ends of these levers Z are also
made to descend far enough to leave the tracer quite free, so much so as to
leave a space of one eighth of an inch between the projection d and the tail of
the lever. By this means the vibrations, shocks, or any other motion in the
levers will have no effect upon the tracer. The carriage X is also modified so
as to have one of its sides racked, and this rack being in gear with a small
toothed wheel fixed above it, a finger or index fixed on to the axle of this
wheel would indicate on a dial placed outside the box the speeds of the
machine. By this means a person charged with the control of a railway train
can see at once if the train is proceeding at a dangerous speed, and can, by
ringing a bell, or by any other signal, apprize the engine driver thereof, and
order him to lessen the speed. The following is an explanation of such parts
of the machine as have not yet been referred to. In Fig. 1, sheet I., 14 is a
cover extending over the box 11, and all that part of the instrument; 17 is a
spindle for the levers Z, and 16 a spindle extending under the levers for the
purpose of affording support to them, and of preventing their total weight from
pressing too strongly on to the roller which ought to be as much at liberty as
possible. q is a steel centre to support the top end of the progressive screw.
P; 2 is a step or bearing for supporting the lower end of the same. 4 is a brass
bush for the progressive screw P to work in; and 7 and 8 are supports or
brackets for the wheels F, G, H, I, J. 6 is a bracket or support for the
small upright shaft with the worm E; and 5 a step for the lower end of the
15, 15, 15, represent part of the framework, which consists of a light
iron framing. 21, Fig. 12, is a small clasp attached to the register, so that if
it should be thought more convenient the tracing paper may be hung outside
the register instead of placing the same in the groove with the card; and
Fig. 11 represents another view of the register with clasp. Figures 9 and 10
are two views of the roller Y with its carriage. Fig. 8 is a view of the wheel
J and arm K, as they are mounted on the shaft 20, shewing their surface of
contact indented so as to form a clutch, and held together by the strong helical
spring 19. Two or more cards may be marked at the same time, by putting
alternately a sheet of tracing paper between evey card in the groove of the regis-
ter. In sheet II., I have shewn a modification of the machine above described, in
which, however, the same principle of construction and working of the various
parts is retained and adhered to, but the mode of registering is somewhat
modified. Figures 1 and 2, in sheet II., are two side views of the instrument,
with a part of the box which encloses it removed. Fig. 3 is a ground plan.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, are views of detached portions of the instrument drawn the
real size, whilst the othe Figures are upon a scale of six inches to the foot, or
same.

page_text: one half the real size. A, Figures 1, 2, and 3, is a hollow brass drum, made
to revolve in the two supports B, B, by means of the toothed wheel C, fixed
on the extremity of its shaft, and receiving motion from the worm D, on the
end of the shaft E, and through the series of wheels F, G, H, I, and worm J,
as seen in Figures 2 and 3. Motion is given to the shaft E by a strap passed
round the pulley K (see Fig. 3) from another one fixed on any of the wheel
shafts of a locomotive or of any other carriage of a train. By measuring
exactly the circumference of the wheel, on the axle of which the instrument is
intended to be worked, it will be very easy to ascertain the proper size to make
the pulley, so that it would occasion the drum A to revolve once round for
any given number of revolutions of the carriage wheels, or what amounts to
the same thing, for any given distance travelled by the train. The drum A is
made to slide or lift out of the supports B, B, and is kept in its working
position by the catches L, L, (see Figures 1, 3, and 4), which are kept down
by the springs m, and made so as to turn up whenever it is required to remove
the drum. It is also provided with two small rods or bars b, b, on each end;
which work on hinges, and are kept down by the small catches 'c, c, (as seen
in Figures 1, 5, and 7). The use of these rods is to hold the cards on the
drum, which is effected by lifting the one of them up, as seen in Fig. 5, and
putting one end of a card under it, then fastening it down, lapping the card
round the drum, and then fastening the other end in a similar way. It will
be observed that the drum is made in two parts so as to hold two cards:
This forms the one part of the machine, and it will be perceived that if the
card be divided cross ways by equi-distant lines, these may be made to indicate
miles gone through by the carriage wheel, which, if it never slips, will always
correspond exactly with the motion of the drum. The second and principal
part of the instrument is the mode of registering on these 'cards the different
speeds of the train. On the shaft B is fitted a friction disc Q, sliding on a
key and kept in close contact with the friction wheel P, by means of the spiral
spring R, seen best in Fig. 2. P is a small friction wheel or pulley turned
with a groove in it, in which is lapped a cord or leather band, presenting
thereby a flat and adhering surface to the face of the disc Q. This pulley P
is firmly fixed on the end of the vertical progressive screw S, which is formed
in a similar manner to that already described, and shewn in the other Figures.
A steel pin T working freely in the thread of the progressive screw is fitted in
the piece U, on to which are also fitted two or more small vanes V, V. It
follows that, when a rotary motion is given to the progressive screw by means
of the friction wheels P and Q, the vanes and the piece U will follow in the
same direction; and when the resistance of the air is sufficient to oppose them,

page_text: they will rise up the screw S, by means of the pin T, that works, as has been
already stated, in the thread thereof; but the piece U will not rise higher
than the first thread, until the speed given to the screw is doubled, so as to
cause the resistance of the air against the vanes to be augmented also, and
produce effect enough upon the pin T to force it up an incline double the pitch
of the first one, and so on for any increased speed. The piece U will either
rise or fall accordingly, and this part of the instrument may be adjusted to any
nicety, and being altogether enclosed, the exterior air or wind can have no effect
whatever upon its working. Resting upon the piece U, and made so as to add
a little to its weight to aid its descent, is the piece X, see Figure 2, with the
arm Y, to which is fastened a small chain or cord which passes round the
pulley d and over another one, f, which is furnished with pegs, as seen in
Fig. 1 and 3. W, Fig. 2, is a tightening screw, and the small pulley f is
fixed on the horizontal screw g, (Figures 1 and 3,) which turns freely in holes
in the supports B, B, at 1. On the screw g work the two ever-pointed pencils,
or tracers h, of which Figure 6 is a Drawing, full size. They are jointed at 2,
so as to turn back in order to allow the drum A to be taken out; and the
small spring 3 gives to them pressure, and also steadiness sufficient to make a
clear and distinct mark on the card.
It will now be understood that when the piece U rises or falls, the screw g
will, by means of the pulley or wheel f, be turned to the right or to the left,
and the pencils will be moved sideways and made to assume the situation on
the drum that the speed of the train will assign to them; and the drum, by
turning slowly round all the while with a regular speed, will receive the mark
from the pencils. If required to use the instrument not only as a register, but
also as a warning for the engine drivers, an arm similar to Y is fixed on the
piece X, and is made longer so as to project outside the box; and by having an
index fastened to its extremity, it may be made to shew upon an index plate
painted on the box the speed at which the train is proceeding. The lid of
the box is seen at 4, and is made so as to take off if necessary; 6 is the
upper bearing or support of the progressive screw S; and 7 is the tightening
screw, to keep the progressive screw S in its proper position. O is a step
which is made adjustable, and in which the progressive screw S revolves and
is supported; and 8, 8, are three uprights to hold the top supports 6, 6, and
are fastened on to the bottom plate 9; 10 is a support for the shaft E; 11,
another support for the shaft E; 12, 12, are bolt holes (see plan view Figure 3,)
for fastening the machine on to the locomotive or carriage; and 13, 13, are screws
to affix the box on to the foundation plate. The machine is also provided with
doors, not shewn on the Drawing, for the purpose of oiling, examining the

page_text: interior, and taking the drum out and putting a fresh one in. It will be
evident that the above described apparatus may, with certain modifications, be
made to regulate as well as indicate and register the speed of engines, and
that it may be employed as a governor or regulator in conjunction with an
indicator without using the registering apparatus.
Fig. 8, Sheet III., in the accompanying Drawings, is an elevation of an
apparatus for indicating, but not registering, the speed of railway trains, and is
represented as adapted to the axle of one of the running wheels of a locomotive
engine or carriage. It is so similar in principle and construction with the appa-
ratus above described, that it will not be necessary to give any detailed descrip-
tion thereof, further than to say, that a small cross head, or horizontal index a, is
mounted at the upper end of two rods, connected to the ball X, which is raised
up the progressive screw by the action of the flyers, as the speed of the engine
or train increases. The cross head or index rises up in front of a graduated
plate, and by this means indicates the speed.. Fig. 9 is a diagram Figure,
representing the arrangement of the apparatus when made to act as a regulator
or governor for marine or stationary engines. The arrangement of the parts
is similar to some of the foregoing Figures in Sheet II., and therefore similar
letters have been placed upon corresponding parts. to prevent useless repetition.
K is a pulley on the shaft E, actuated by the engine. Q is a friction wheel
on the same shaft, and kept, by means of the spring R, in contact with the
friction wheel P on the lower end of the progressive screw S, which is thereby
made to rotate with a speed proportionate to the speed of the engine. U is
the boss to which the armis or flyers and wings V, V, are attached, and is
furnished with a pin or stud 1,' which takes into the groove of the progressive
screw, but the piece X, instead of resting on the boss U, as in Figure 8, is
placed under it, as shewn in Figures 9 and 10, and is connected therewith by
means of a pin or stud, as shewn in the detached view, Figure 10, which is
drawn upon an enlarged scale. Two small rods z, z, attached to each side of
the piece X,. extend downwards, and are connected at their lower end to the
throttle valve of of the engine, as steam engine governors usually are. The
boss U, Fig. 10, has a circular projecting part, cast on its under side, and has a
groove y turned therein, and the piece X is turned out so as to receive the
cylindrical part of the boss U; and a hole is then bored through the piece X,
opposite the groove y, and a pin or stud x placed therein, whereby the piece X,
and boss U, are connected together in such a manner that they may be made
to rise and fall simultaneously; but yet the boss U may be allowed to rotate
without carrying round with it the piece -X..
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to me as

page_text: aforesaid, and the means of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be
distinctly understood, that although I have shewn and described various
arrangements of the improved machine or apparatus which have been found to
answer the intended purposes exceedingly well, yet I do not intend to confine
myself exclusively to the construction or arrangement of parts therein set forth,
as they may be still further varied without departing from the principle and
object of the Invention; nor do I intend to claim any of the parts above
shewn, which may have been used for similar purposes; but I claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent :→
Firstly, the particular construction of instruments or apparatus for ascer-
taining, registering, and regulating the speed of carriages and machinery, as
described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, any other arrangement or modification of the like machinery
applicable to the same purposes, provided such arrangement or modification
embraces a progressive screw.
'Thirdly, any other construction of progressive screw or spiral cam placed
vertically for controlling the ascent and descent of a rotatory flyer, by means of
which the speed of carriages or other working machinery may be ascertained,
registered, and regulated through the agency of other mechanism; as above
explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
W. E.
(L.S.) NEWTON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of August, in the
tenth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said William
Edward Newton came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of August. One thousand eight hundred and