Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Paper Bags.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 2nd June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Paper Bags.
I, ACHILLE JOSEPH DENOYER of 21 Boulevard Poissonniere, Paris in the
Republic of France Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to machinery for the manufacture of square or satchel
bottomed paper bags having an advertisement or other impression printed upon
them if required. The general arrangement and details of this improved machinery
as hereinafter described are such as to enable it to turn out finished bags with
great rapidity and the bottoms of the bags are effectually closed so as to render it
practically impossible for their contents to escape being moreover folded on the
side of the longitudinal seam or joint that is to say on the opposite side to that on
which the printing is performed this printing being performed in the same machine
so that the bags are discharged from the machine completely finished and ready for
packing.
And in order that this invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the annexed sheets of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in side elevation the upper
part of a machine constructed according to this invention.
Figure 2 represents the machine in vertical section taken along the longitudinal
axis of the machine and Figure 3 represents the machine in plan.
Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 drawn to a larger scale illustrate in detail the parts
employed for performing the various operations necessary for the manufacture of
the bags.
Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 represent a bag in different stages of its
manufacture.
Figure 17 illustrates in perspective a finished bag opened and ready for filling.
The machine illustrated in the drawings is constructed with two side frames A
connected together by transverse bars or ties t Figures 1, 2 & 3 and supporting all
the moving and other devices employed in the manufacture of the bags. The
frame being of suitable shape and dimensions is secured to the ground by bolts a.
At the rear end of the machine there is a spool B capable of rotating freel y
upon its bearings and the endless or continuous band of paper employed in making
the bags is wound upon this spool.
The said paper marked a in the drawing passes over a roller C rotating upon
points where it receives along one edge a streak of strong paste or other suitable
composition which is deposited upon it by a disc p rotating in a trough attached to
one of the side frames. The pasting disc p works upon a shaft D carried by armis
rocking upon a centre p₁ so that it is pressed by its own weight against the paper
on the roller C.
The paper passes from this roller over a second roller (C₁) rotating upon
points in the same way as the first roller whence it is guided onto a table or mould
plate E constituted by a sheet of steel curved and widened at the rear end.
Towards the front end this sheet becomes narrower its width being gradually
reduced to the width of the folded bag represented at X Figure 13 after which its
width is suddenly contracted to the dimension indicated at X₁ Figure 13
corresponding with the width of the flaps at the bottom of the bag.
The paper is maintained upon this table or mould E by a roller f Figures 1,
2 & 3 carried by oscillating arms and pressed against the paper by its own weight.

page_text: With the same object two copper forks or blades f₁₂ Figure 3 are employed being
capable of sliding for the purpose of adjustment in grooves a, in the frame to which
they are attached by means of bolts and nuts.
The roller is provided with flanges which turn down the edges of the band of
paper, which project beyond the edges of the table or mould E on each side and
the forks fif, crease or fold these parts backwards or under the said mould so as
to form a species of flattened tube or sheath upon the latter. The forks are so
arranged that one side of the paper is folded in advance of the other and the part
which has received the paste is the last to be folded so that it is enabled to adhere
to the other part and prevent the sheath or tube from opening.
The paper sheath in this flattened form passes between two rollers R, and R₁₁
which commence the cutting out of the flaps of the bottom. For this purpose the
upper roller or cylinder R' is provided on one of its generating lines with a short
blade s preferably formed with saw teeth or notches and with two knives s' arranged
at right angles to the blades & the lower roller R', is provided with corresponding
recesses acting in combination with the blades s s¹ so as to form shears which cut
the paper above and below the mould E which is cut away at this part. These
two cutting cylinders or rollers form the two flaps for the bottom by cutting the
paper as indicated by the line 1-2-3-4 Figure 10 being arranged in vertical
guides on the frame so that their bearings can be adjusted at any required level.
After this cutting operation the sheath of paper passes between two other
cylinders or rollers R, and R', supported in the same way as the preceding rollers
but being of somewhat different shape. Each of these cylinders is provided with
a circular groove situated in the direction of the axis of the machine (Figure 3)
and on each side of the groove the upper roller carries a saw blade s, arranged in
the direction of its generating line and acting in combination with a corresponding
groove in the lower cylinder and a lateral recess in the mould E for the purpose
of cutting the paper along the lines 2-5 and 3-6 Figure 11 on each side of the
flaps and severing a length of paper sufficient to make one bag.
The cut out end of the sheath or tube then passes between two feed rollers R
and R', and on emerging from between these rollers comes in contact with a jointed.
plate or blade F Figure 4 which is introduced between the mould E and the upper
Hlap and rocked so as to turn back the latter, as indicated in Figures 5 and 12,
upon a second jointed blade F₁ retained in position by a spring m attached to the
frame. The axis of oscillation of the blade F is provided with a pinion e (Figures I
and 3) gearing with a toothed segment e₁, oscillating on the centre e, and attached
to a counter spring m, which constantly tends to draw it downwards.
It will be observed that from the rollers R, and R₁₁ to the blade F₁, where it
terminates, the mould E is of the same width as the flap at the bottom of the bag
and that the fold 7-8 Fig. 12 produced in folding back the upper flap is formed
by the edge of the blade F₁.
ין
In order to prevent the turned down part of the tube or sheath from springing
up a third blade F, made in two parts presses upon it as it enters between the two
compressing cylinders R. and R. The two arms of this blade are attached
to an axis oscillating upon points and are actuated by a cam fixed upon the axis
of the upper roller R..
When the bottom of the bag has been opened and pressed as indicated in Figure 12
the lower flap is folded as indicated in Figure 13 and at the same time the bottom
receives two streaks of paste by means of which the folds are subsequently caused
to adhere together.
At
The fold of the lower flap is formed by the bottom edge of a paste reservoir ri
Fig. 6 which being lowered when the said flap projects to the required extent
creases it and tucks it between rollers R₁, and R, which draw forward the paper
tube and guide it downwards in a vertical direction as indicated in Figure 7.
the same time two discs, rotating at the lower part of the trough deposit the
two streaks of paste hereinbefore referred to. The descending and ascending
movements of the trough are obtained by the aid of a cam acting in combination

page_text: with a tappet r, connected with a rock shaft r, supporting the trough. The cam
which lowers the trough elevates it when the first fold has been formed and the
streak of paste deposited. The paper tube now presents the appearance indicated
in Figure 13. The roller R, is recessed at y Figure 7 in order that it may not
come in contact with the paste on the bottom of the bag.
On emerging from between the rollers R₁ and R, the tube engages with a
vertical guide G with lateral flanges Figures 6 and 7 which is lowered at the
required times by a toothed segments, gearing with a rack attached to the
guide.
The tube projects beyond this guide for a distance indicated by a₁ y₁ Figure 13
and when in this position the fold formed in the first instance is drawn back by a
blade H oscillating on a rock shaft h which turns the bottom over into the
horizontal position indicated in Figures 7 and 14 by creasing it against the lower
edge of the guide G. When the bottom has been placed in this position a blade K
descends and causes the upper flap to incline slightly downwards in order to prepare
it being acted upon by a blade O which turns it completely down and directs it
towards rollers R. and R'. The said blade O acts as a guide for the bag which
slides between it and the blade H the surface of the latter being provided with
grooves or recesses in order that it may not wipe off the paste which has been
deposited upon the bottom of the bag.
When the bag bottom has been turned over towards the side on which the
longitudinal seam in the body of the bag is situated and the flap which is not folded
projects forwards as indicated in Figure 14 the bag being pushed forwards by the
guide G becomes engaged between the two rollers R, and R', the latter being
provided with a circular recess y2 (Figure 6) in order that it may not come in
contact with the two streaks of paste which have been deposited upon the bottom.
The forward movement brings the unfolded flap into contact with a tucker or
folder worked by a cam and which by pressing against the said flap creases it
and tucks it in between the roller R, and a roller R This flap is thus folded
over the flap folded in the preceding operations and the two flaps adhering together
close the bottom of the bag (Figure 15).
When the bag has become engaged between the propelling rollers R, and R'
the guide G immediately ascends to its original position (Figures 6 and 9) so as to
admit of the return movement of the blade H in order to enable the latter to act
upon the succeeding bag.
The finished bag may be allowed to fall directly on to an inclined board or
shoot L by which it is directed into a suitable receptacle or in place of allowing it
to fall directly in this way it may be printed with any suitable impression in
accordance with the purpose for which it is to be employed.
The printing apparatus employed for this purpose is attached to the machine
and is provided with a printing roller I carrying an engraved block or the like
which is inked by inking rollers i supplied with ink from an ink trough J. The
said printing roller transfers the ink and deposits it in the required place upon the
bag by pressing against the roller R".
By these means the finished bag printed in passing between the rollers R
and I the printing being performed on the side of the bag opposite to that on which
the bottom is folded back.
In its passage between the rollers R", and I the bag is guided by a fixed guide z¹
(Fig. 6).
The bag being thus finished, folded pasted, and printed (Fig. 16) slides down the
shoot L. When opened for the purpose of receiving the goods it presents the
form indicated in perspective in Figure 17. Its bottom being effectually
cemented together is perfectly closed so that it is impossible for the contents to
escape.
The arrangements hereinafter described are employed for transmitting motion to
the working parts of the machine.
The first motion is taken from the shaft of the feed or propelling cylinder R¹

page_text: provided with fast and loose pulleys P P₁ (Fig. 3). The other extremity of this
shaft is provided with gear wheels M and M, gearing respectively with a series of
wheels on the right and on the left which transmit motion to the several propelling
cylinders or rollers hereinbefore described. The gear wheels marked N are fixed
upon the shafts of the rollers and the wheels marked N, being simply intermediate
wheels are loose upon their shafts or studs.
1
The movement of the parts employed for creasing or forming the bottom of a
bag is obtained by means of cams acting upon wipers maintained in contact with
their respective cams by means of springs. The proportions of the toothed
gearing and the profile and angle of the cams are calculated in such a manner as
to cause the movements to take place at the required times.
All the propelling cylinders or rollers R are of the same diameter their
development corresponding with the length of paper required to form one bag and
the movement of the paper being continuous the transmission of the movements is
greatly facilitated.
In this machine the work is divided as follows-
1. Depositing the paste by means of the disc for cementing the lateral or body
seam.
2. Turning down into a vertical position the parts of the paper projecting on
each side of the table or mould by means of the roller f.
3. Folding or creasing these parts underneath the mould by means of the
forks fi and f2.
4. Cutting out the flaps by means of the cylinders or rollers R', and R₁.
5. Severing the quantity of paper necessary for making one bag by the rollers R,
and R¹.
6. Opening the bottom by the blade F.
7. Forming the first fold and depositing the paste for cementing the bottom by
means of the trough, and the rollers R and R..
4
8. Turning over the bottom to the side on which the lateral seam is situated by
the action of the blades H K O and the guide G.
9. Forming the second fold and closing the bottom by the action of the tucker z
and the rollers R and R".
10. Printing on the bags by means of the cylinder I.
It will be seen that by this subdivision of the work the manufacture is enabled
to proceed unintermittently all the 10 bags in the machine being in different stages
of completion. It results from this subdivision of the work, from the continuous
motion of the paper from the simplicity of the parts and of the mode of driving
them that the machine is enabled to manufacture the bags with ease at the rate of
about 2 per second or at the rate of 72,000 per working day of 10 hours when
dealing with bags of moderate size (say about 44 inches by 24 inches).
Each size of bag requires a machine of corresponding dimensions to make it, but
the arrangement of the mechanism is the same. In practice about 12 different
sizes of machines are required. Each machine is also capable of making lined bags
it being simply necessary for this purpose to provide two spools (B) at the rear
of the machine one spool supplying the inside paper and the other the outside
paper.
I do not limit myself as to the proportions and dimensions and other details
of the parts hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings which may
evidently be modified according to the nature of the work which they are required
to perform.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is
First. In machinery for making paper bags the continuous feed of the paper
unwound from a spool by means of rollers R whose developement is equal to the
length of paper necessary for the formation of one bag the said rollers also cutting

page_text: out the bottom flaps, severing the quantity of paper required for one bag and
forming the folds of the bottom substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Second. In machinery for making paper bags the arrangement of the propelling
cylinders or rollers R in combination with a table or mould E round which the
paper
is wrapped by the aid of the roller and forks f₁₂ and upon which it slides
in the form of a flattened tube or sheath and is cut to the required shape
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
3. In machinery for making paper bags the special arrangement of the propelling
rollers R serving to cut out the bottom flaps and to sever from the band of paper
the quantity required for making one bag the said cylinders being provided with
saw blades and knives acting as shears to produce the required cuts substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
4. In machinery for making paper bags in combination with the propelling
rollers R and the mould E the arrangement of the blades F and F₁ for turning up
the upper flap in preparation for the preliminary folds for the bottom the said
blades operating in the manner substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
5. In machinery for making paper bags the combination of the propelling
rollers R with the arrangement of the oscillating paste trough provided with a
lower edge for forming the fold of the lower flap and having discs r₂ depositing
upon the folds two streaks of paste by means of which the bottom is subsequently
cemented together substantially as herein before described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
6. In machinery for making paper bags the combination of the propelling
rollers R with the arrangement of the guide G and the blades H. K. O. for
turning over the bottom of the bag to the side on which the longitudinal seam is
situated and drawing forward the upper flap for the purpose of facilitating its
subsequent folding the said guides and blades operating in the manner and for the
purpose substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
7. In machinery for making paper bags the combination of the propelling
rollers R the guide G and the turning over blades H. K. O with the arrangement
of the tucker serving to fold over the upper flap and turn it down upon the first
folded flap and finally close the bottom substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
8. In machinery for making paper bags the combination of the propelling
rollers. R with the arrangement of a roller I for printing upon the back of the
bags the said rollers operating and receiving motion substantially in the manner
herein before described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
9. A machine for making paper bags comprising a table or mould E under which
a roller and forks f₁ and f, turn back the projecting parts of a strip of paper
drawn from a spool B and having one of its edges previously coated with paste by
a disc p; propelling rollers R, of a development equal to the quantity of paper
necessary for making one bag, serving to draw forward in a continuous manner the
flat tube or sheath formed upon the mould E the first pair of rollers cutting out
the bottom flaps the second severing from the tube or sheath the quantity of paper
required for making one bag and the other pairs or groups presenting the part so
severed to the action of other devices and co-acting with them in the operations
which they are required to perform as herein before described; blades F and F, for
opening the bottom of the bag by raising the upper flap and forming the preliminary
folds which are compressed by the propelling rollers R. and R₁ a paste trough or
receptacle depositing two streaks of paste upon the folds for the purpose of
securing the bottom and creasing the lower flap by the action of its lower edge and
of the propelling rollers R₁, and R.; a guide G and blades H K O provided for
the purpose of folding over the bottom of the bag towards the side on which the

page_text: longitudinal seam of the body is situated; a tucker z acting in combination with
the rollers R. and R for creasing the upper flap and closing the bottom and a
printing cylinder or roller I, receiving ink from the rollers i and the ink trough J,
for printing upon the back of the bag all arranged, actuated and operated in the
manner and for the purpose of manufacturing perfectly closed square bottomed
paper bags substantially as herein before described with reference to
accompanying drawings.
the
10. The arrangements and combinations of parts constituting the improvements
in machinery for the manufacture of paper bags substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 4th day of January 1893.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.