IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wood, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the
County of York, Gentleman, and Matthew Smith, of Heywood, in the
County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 7th October 1856, and dated the 1st August 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wood and
Matthew Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st August 1856.
We, WILLIAM WOOD, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the County of
York, Gentleman, and MATTHEW SMITH, of Heywood, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS," to be
as follows:
This Invention consists, first, in an improved combination of machinery for
inserting wires into the shed, and for withdrawing the same from the loops of
terry and cut pile fabrics. The head of the wire is taken hold of by a hook
or instrument moving longitudinally in a tube supported on radial arms; this
hook or instrument is moved to and fro by a screw, which is turned round.in
contrary directions by suitable mechanism. When the wire has been deposited

page_text: in the shed, it is detached from the hook or instrument by which it was
inserted in the shed, and the hook or instrument is moved to the proper
position for taking hold of the wire nearest the breast beam by the move-
ment of the tube on the radial arms, so that at the next longitudinal motion
of the hook or instrument the wire so taken hold of is drawn out of the loops
or pile. By this means any number of wires may be employed.
Secondly, our improvements consist in inserting wires into the shed and
withdrawing them from the loops of terry or cut pile fabrics by means of a
rack, to which a to-and-fro motion is imparted by tappets and other mechanism,
and to which a hook or instrument for taking hold of the wires is jointed.
When a wire is deposited in the shed, the hook or instrument is then moved
by suitable mechanism into the required position for taking hold of the wire
nearest the breast beam, so that at the next outward motion of the rack this
wire is drawn out of the loops; this arrangement is also applicable where
more than two wires are employed. When cut pile fabrics are to be produced
the wires are furnished with a cutting edge, as heretofore practised.
Thirdly, our improvements consist in the application of a hook or instru-
ment to be used in connexion with means for inserting and withdrawing wires,
so formed that the heads of the wires can be laid hold of, liberated therefrom,
and pass through it without any opening or closing action being given to it.
Fourthly, our improvements consist in the application of a square or other
shaped block to the wires on which the terries are formed, in addition to the
head of the wire, and of a guard or slot piece for guiding the block, by which
means the wires are held upright, and also in the application of suitable stops
for regulating the position of the heads of the wires.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Wood and Matthew Smith, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
WOOD, of Monkhill, near Pontefract, in the County of York, Gentleman, and
MATTHEW SMITH, of Heywood, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and 'fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
William Wood and Matthew Smith, Her special license that we, the said
William Wood and Matthew Smith, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Wood and Matthew Smith,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING TERRY AND CUT PILE FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said William Wood and Matthew. Smith, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Wood and. Matthew Smith,
do hereby declare, the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
:
The nature of our Invention consists, first; in certain improvements in
apparatus or machinery applicable to looms for weaving terry and cut pile
fabrics for inserting and withdrawing the wires.
"
Secondly, in the application of a hook or instrument so formed that the
heads of the wires can be connected to, liberated from, and pass through it
without any opening or closing action, this hook or instrument to be used in
combination with any suitable means for inserting and withdrawing wires in
weaving terry and cut pile fabrics.
Thirdly, in the application of a head or block to each-wire 'in addition to
the usual head of the wire, and of a guard or guide piece, by which and the
additional head or block the wires are guided in their proper places and held
upright-in-the fabric:
"
And lastly, in the application of improved stop pieces for regulating the
position of the heads of the wires.
In order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the means pursued by us, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon.

page_text: Figure 1 is a side elevation of part of a loom, shewing one of our improved
combinations of machinery for inserting wires into the shed and for withdrawing
them from the loops or pile of the fabric; Figure 2 is a plan of the same. a is
the crank shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c, the reed; d, the breast beam; e, the
plate fixed to the breast beam; and f, the roller by which the fabric is drawn
forward. The foregoing parts, and all others not shewn in the Drawing, or not
particularly referred to hereafter, but which are requisite to complete the loom
for weaving terry or pile fabrics on wires, are made in any approved manner.
The wires are each provided with an additional head or block g, as shewn full
size in Figures 3, 4, and 5, the head h being at the end of the wire as usual;
the additional heads or blocks 9 are in this case somewhat broader than the
heads h, the object of which will be described hereafter.
81
The machinery for putting the wires into the shed and drawing them out of the
terries or pile is supported on the plate e, which projects beyond the framing of
the loom at one side, as shewn in Figure 2. This machinery consists of the follow-
ing parts:-The tube i, supported on the radial arms j, j', fitting loosely on the
ends of the screw k; to each radial arm is fixed a washer of leather or other
suitable material. This screw k is furnished with a nut l, which has a pro-
jection passing through a slot in the tube i, and to this projection is attached
the hook or instrument m, shewn in the detached views, Figures 6 and 7. nis
a plate fixed to the plate e, and provided with an internal rib n', as shewn in
Figures 3, 4, and 5. To the plate n is fixed the stop piece n³, the object of
which is to liberate the head of the wire from the instrument m. The screw k
is turned round alternately in opposite directions by a tappet plate 6¹ acting on
the lever b², the extremity of which is a toothed segment gearing into the pinion
63; this pinion is fixed on the same shaft as the wheel 6, which gears into the
pinion ¹ fixed to the screw k. The instrument m is shewn in Figure 2 in the
position it occupies when the wire has been inserted into the shed. The mode
of operation then proceeds in the following manner :-The screw k is just going
to be turned round in the direction of the full arrow in Figure 1. The first half
revolution of the screw causes the radial arms j, j', with the tube i and nut
to swivel half round, or into the position shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1, by
the friction of the nut l against the washer attached to the radial arm j, and in
so doing the instrument m is liberated from the wire last introduced into the
shed, which wire is held by the stop piece n² fixed to the plate n, and in
descending the instrument passes on to the head of the wire nearest the breast
beam, which is thereby connected to it; this operation is facilitated by the
additional heads or blocks 9 being broader than the heads h, as previously
stated. When the screw has performed the first half revolution, and, the

page_text: instrument m has been connected to the wire nearest the breast beam, as stated
above, the rotary motion of the screw causes the nut t to move in the direction
of the arrow in Figure 2, thereby drawing the said wire out of the terries of
the fabric. When the tappet 'bas performed a fourth of a revolution, the
screw in revolving has moved the nut until it comes against the washer
fixed to the radial arm j', at which time the wire is withdrawn from the fabric,
the tappet then acting on the segment lever 6 and wheels above described,
causes the screw to rotate in the contrary direction, thereby moving the pinion
k in the direction indicated by the dotted arrow in Figure 1. During the first
half revolution of the screw in this direction the radial arms j, j, and the tube
i, with the wire just drawn out of the fabric, are turned over into their original
positions, and the screw continuing its rotary motion then causes the wire to
enter the shed. The point of the wire before entering passes through the
opening between the plates n and e, and when the wire is in the shed the
additional head or block g comes in contact with the rib n³, consequently all
the wires are placed in the same position in the shed. The additional heads
or blocks g on the wires are all guided by the bent rib n' as the fabric is
drawn forward, as shewn in Figure 2, and the heads h of the wires are acted
upon to move them along the rib n' by the curved incline 3, which is fixed to
the radial arm j, and comes into operation when the screw k is performing the
first half revolution in the direction of the full arrow in Figure 1. The fabric
is drawn forward by the roller f, and the additional head or block of the wire
nearest the breast beam is arrested by the stop picco n³, cast or fixed to the
plate n, consequently when the instrument m turns over, the wire nearest the
breast beam is in the proper position for being connected thereto, as described.
From the foregoing description of the instrument m, and the mode in which
it acts, it will be apparent that the heads of the wires are connected with the
instrument, liberated from and passed through it without.any opening or closing
action being given to the instrument. When the various parts regain the
positions in which they are represented in Figure 2 tho operations are repeated
as before. When it is desired to produce cut pile fabric in the loom above
described, a knife is attached to the end of each wire, as in other looms for
weaving cut piled fabric; the blocks 9 are then made deeper, and the space
between the plates n and e is enlarged to allow the knife on the wire to pass.
This remark applies to the looms herein-after described.
Figure 8 is a side elevation, and Figure 9 a plan, of parts of a loom for
weaving terry or cut pile fabrics to which another of our improved combinations
of machinery for inserting and withdrawing wires is applied. The parts marked
a, b, c, d, e, and f are similar to those described in reference to Figures 1

page_text: and 2. The instrument m is jointed to a stud projecting' from the rack p,
which is supported in brackets fixed to the under side of the plate e. The rack
p has a to-and-fro motion imparted to it by means of the tappet plate 6' acting
on a horizontal bar 6, one end of which is a toothed rack gearing into the
pinion 63;.this pinion 63 is fixed to an upright shaft, to which is also fixed the
pinión p¹ gearing in the rack p. The instrument m passes through an open
link 9, which is jointed to the upright lever q'; the position of this lever is
changed after each wire has been inserted into the shed from that in which it
is shewn in. Figure 8 to that indicated by a dotted line, by means of the tappet
platė 6, which in revolving acts on the lever 98; this lever is jointed to the
lever q³, fixed to the lever-g', which is connected to the lever q¹ by the link q³.
The various parts of our improved machinery are shewn in the positions they
occupy when the head of the wire nearest the breast beam is in connexion
with the instrument m; this wire is now ready to be drawn out of the fabric,
and the motion for effecting this is imparted to the rack p by the tappet plate 6¹
moving the rack bar 6' in the direction of the arrow in Figure 9. The pinion 6*
transmits this motion to the pinion p', thereby moving the rack p in the proper
direction for drawing out the wire. When the wire is out the position of the
lever q' is changed from that in which it is shewn in Figure 8. to that indicated
by the dotted line, thereby advancing the open link q, which moves the wire
into the position shown by a dotted line in Figure 9. By the continued move-
ment of the tappet the rack p is moved in the contrary direction, thereby
inserting the wire into the shed, and causing the instrument m to pass through
the open 'link q; 'the lever q' is then brought back to its original position in
Figure 8 by the tappet plate 6, and in so doing draws the instrument m with
it, whereby the head of the wire in the instrument m is pushed. out by being
'pressed against the heads of the wires in the fabric, which are retained in
position by the 'stop piece'r, as shewn full size in the detached view, Figure 9*.
The heads of the wires thus pass through the instrument m, which is then
drawn into connection with the head of the wire nearest the breast beam, the
'position of which is determined by the inclined guide rib n¹, before described,
and stop piece. The heads of the wires are brought into position by the
'bracket qº, 'fixed to, the link q, pressing on the head of the wire last inserted.
The additional leads or blocks g on these wires, instead of being rather broader
than the heads h, as in Figure 2, must in this and the following instances be
rather narrower than the said heads h.
On Sheet 2, Figure -10 is a side elevation of part of a loom in which a
Esingle armor lever is employed for inserting and withdrawing the 'wires, to
which parts of our improvements are applied; Figure 11 is a front view, and

page_text: Figure 12 a plan of the same. Many of the parts in these views being similar
to those described in the foregoing Figures, are marked with corresponding
letters of reference. In this instance the instrument m is jointed to a stud
projecting from the lever s; this lever is hinged to the boss s¹ fixed to the shaft s².
The requisite vibrating motion for moving the lever s from the position 'shown
in Figure 11 to that indicated by the dotted line is given to this shaft by the
tappet plate acting on the lever 62, to which is jointed the lower end of
the links, the upper end thereof being connected to the lever's fixed to the
shafts. The lower end of the levers moves in a segmental angle rail t; one
end of which is connected to the open link q, and the other end is jointed to
the upright t. To the open link q is fixed the bracket 2, seen best in
Figure 12, the object of which is to draw forward the heads of the wires when
the link g is acted upon by the lever q', as described in reference to Figures 8
and 9. The mode of operation is as follows:-The Drawing represents the
parts in their respective positions after the wire has been inserted into the shed.
The tappet, shewn best in Fig. 13, then acts on the levers g³, 93, 9', and q', for
the
purpose of moving the lever q¹ into the position indicated by a dotted line
in Figure 10. This motion of the lever q' draws the link 9 towards the
breast beam; thereby causing the heads of the wires to pass through the instru-
ment m, pushing out the head of the wire last inserted and bringing the.in-
strument m.into-connection with the head..of the wire nearest the 'breast beam,
as previously described, at the same time moving the segmental angle rail t
and lever's from the position in which they were held during the insertion of the
wire into the position indicated:by dotted lines in Figure 12; the hinge at the
upper end of the levers and the joint of the segmental angle rail t on the
upright t¹allowing the ends of the said. lever .and angle rail to be drawn
forward by the open link q. When the motion has thus been given to the
angle rail t and levers s, the tappet plate 6', acting on the lever bs, link s³,
lever s, shafts, and boss s¹, moves the levers into the position indicated by
the dotted line in Figure 11, thereby drawing out the wire connected to the
instrument m. The tappet plate 6s then moves the 'lever q' and angle rail t
into their original positions; the bracket t fixed to the lever s passes to the
back of the angle rail t for the purpose of bringing the lever s into a suitable
position for inserting the wire into the shed.. When the lever s approaches the
loom side, the.point of the instrument m.is guided into the.open link g by the
projection . When the wire is in the shed the additional head or block.g
comes against the rib n', 'as before described, and when the lever q' is again
moved to draw the instrument m into .connection with the wire nearest 'the
breast beam, the link 9 comes against the stop pieces, and the head of the

page_text: wire against the stop piece r, the bracket 9° drawing forward the heads of
the other wires, as before described.
On Sheet 3, Figure 13 is a side elevation of a loom showing the mode of
applying our improvements in combination with the machinery for inserting
and withdrawing wires, for which Letters Patent were granted to John Clayton
and William Moxon, in One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five. Figure 14
is a front view, and Figure 15 a plan of the same. In these views, is the
trough for guiding the wire and the instrument m, which is attached to the
steel band u. This steel band is moved to and fro in the trough in the manner
described in the Specification of the Letters Patent of the said John Clayton
and William Moxon. The end of the trough is moved to and fro by the
link v, which answers the same purpose as the open link 9, before referred to.
The link is jointed to a stud projecting from a clip round the trough u and
to the lever q', to which is connected the link q, levers q, q, and q³, the latter
being acted upon by the tappet plate 6. The link vis split to allow it to open
and liberate the stud on which it is jointed in case of the regular motions of
the loom being interrupted. The Drawing represents the various parts in the
positions they respectively occupy when the wire has been introduced into the
shed. The lever q¹ is now to be acted upon by the tappet plate b³ to draw
the trough u towards the breast beam, for the purpose of causing the instru-
ment m to liberate the head of the wire that has been inserted into the shed,
in manner previously described, and to be connected to the head of the wire
nearest the breast beam, the end of the trough being stopped in its proper
position by the piece s, and the head of the wire by the stop piece r, as before
described. As soon as the instrument m is in connection with the head of the
wire nearest the breast beam, the steel band u¹ and the instrument m aro
moved in the direction of the arrow in Figure 15 to draw the wire out of the
terries or pile; the tappet plate & then causes the lever q' and trough u to
regain their original positions, and the operations are repeated as before.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we wish it to be distinctly understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the particular modes of applying our improvements as herein set
forth, nor to the details given; but what wo do claim is,→
First, the screw marked k and. tube i, in Figures 1 and 2, and the parts
acting in combination therewith, or any equivalent parts, when used for
"inserting and withdrawing wires in weaving terry or cut pile fabrics.
L
.
Secondly, the hook or instrument marked m, when applied in connection
with any means for inserting or withdrawing wires.
Thirdly, the head or block marked 9 affixed to the wires in addition to the

page_text: head at the end of the wire, or any equivalent form of head or arrange-
ment of heads, and the plate n with rib n', for the purpose of holding the
wires upright and for guiding them.
Fourthly, the stop piece marked r, as shewn and described, by means
whereof the head of the wire nearest the breast beam is retained in its proper
position.
Fifthly, the rack marked p in Figures 8 and 9, and parts acting in com-
bination therewith, or other equivalent parts, when used for inserting and with-
drawing wires.
Sixthly, in reference to Figures 10, 11, and 12, we claim the combination
of a lever and segmental angle plate with the instrument m and parts for
guiding the wires.
Seventhly, in reference to Figures 13, 14, and 15, we claim the combination
of the machinery for which Letters Patent were granted to John Clayton and
William Nixon, with the instrument m and parts for guiding the wires.
In witness whercof, we, the said William Wood and Matthew Smith,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Thirtieth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
(L.S.)
WILLIAM WOOD.
MATTHEW SMITH. (L.S.)