IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Pomeroy Button, of the Patent Hydropult
Office, 27, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Merchant, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS."-A communication from
abroad by Walter Davies Sperry, of Cleveland, Oswego County, New
York, United States of America.
Sealed the 22nd March 1864, and dated the 7th October 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Pomeroy Button
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1863.
I, CHARLES POMEROY BUTTON, of the Patent Hydropult Office, 27, Leaden-
hall Street, in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing harrows with three or more star
wheels placed horizontally, and with each of the arms or spokes armed with
one, two, or more tines, all the wheels being connected to a frame and each
being free to revolve horizontally from left to right and from right to left
upon an axis carried by a frame. I prefer to use three such wheels, and I
arrange them unicorn fashion, that is to say, I place one wheel in advance of
the other two, which follow side by side.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Pomeroy Button in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th April 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
POMEROY BUTTON, of the Patent Hydropult Office, 27, Leadenhall Street, in
the City of London, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Pomeroy Button, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Pomeroy Button, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Charles Pomeroy Button, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should, and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for " IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS," being a communication from abroad by
Walter Davies Sperry, of Cleveland, Oswego County, New York, United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Pomeroy Button, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Pomeroy Button, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed
and to the letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in constructing harrows with three or more star
wheels placed horizontally, and with each of the arms or spokes armed with
one, two, or more tines, all the wheels being connected to a frame and each
being free to revolve horizontally from left to right and from right to left upon
an axis carried by a frame. I prefer to use three such wheels, and I arrange
them unicorn fashion, that is to say, I place one wheel in advance of the other
two, which follow side by side.

page_text: The name which I give to the harrow is "The New England Harrow," and
it is so constructed that the wheels may turn or react when they come in
contact with any obstacle. And in order that the said Invention may be fully
understood, I shall now proceed to describe the same, and for that purpose
I refer to the letters on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed. The
harrow is constructed in the following manner:-
A.beam of wood marked "A" five feet long and four inches wide, and
three inches thick, a cross beam across one end of beam "A" four feet and
six inches long, and the width and thickness the same as the beam "A" with
a mortice in the centre of the same marked "B" secured with a pin or bolt,
and braced with two braces of iron, five-eights of an inch round, or square
marked "G" secured at the ends by bolts to the timbers "A" and "B." To
make it of sufficient strength "C" is a plate of iron nine inches in diameter
and half an inch thick, bolted with two bolts each to the under side of the
timbers marked "A" and "B," with a hole in the centre to receive a bolt to
connect it with the wheels or circles marked "D." The wheel marked "D"
are of wrought iron, three feet in diameter, with four arms connected in the
centre, and a hole in the centre to receive a bolt three-fourths of an inch in
diameter, to connect it with the plate marked "C." The rim is of iron, one
and a half inch wide and half an inch thick, the arms of the same size as the
rim, and may be welded or bolted to the rim. There are ten teeth in the rim
and four in the arms of each wheel. In the rim the teeth are to be an equal
space from each other, and in the arms to be half the space from the centre
to the rim. The teeth to be three-fourths of an inch square or round and six
inches long below the wheel, and to go through the wheel, and fasten with a
nut on the upper end, and connected with plate "C" with a bolt in the centre
so as to allow the wheel "D" to turn or react when it comes in contact with
any obstacle. "E" is an axletree of iron, fastened to the upper side of each
end of timber marked "B" and fastened with the same bolts that fasten
plate "C" to the under side of timber marked "B." On the ends of
axeltree "E" is a wheel marked "F," ten inches in diameter and one and a
half inch on the face, fastened by a nut on the end or pin of the axeltree
"E." "H" is a wheel the same size as "F" fastened near the front end of
the beam "A" on the upper side with two iron braces. The three wheels on
the upper side "F" and "H," are for the purpose of drawing the harrow on
when removing it, and may be put into use by turning the harrow bottom side
up. The harrow can be made, or any part thereof, of wood, iron, or any other
suitable material, the teeth may be of any size or length required, and any
number of teeth placed in a wheel. The wheels to be of any size, and any

page_text: number of wheels combined in a harrow, but I. prefer to use three, arranged
in unicorn fashion as heretofore stated. I am aware that wheel shaped harrow
frames have been used, both without rotation and with a compulsory rotation
in one direction, but what I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent is the employment
of the wheel-shaped harrow, when fastened upon a central point, so as to
turn in either direction, and the general construction, arrangement, and
combination of the parts as herein-before described for the purposes and in
the manner set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Pomeroy Button, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this, the Fifth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
FLAVILLE L. BUTTON.
CHARLES POMEROY BUTTON. (L.S.)