matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Mc Dowell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1873.
I, DANIEL M° DOWELL, of the City of Waterford, Ireland, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN IMPROVED
CHURN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction and employment of an
improved churn for churning milk, and consists in forming the same of
a circular upright vessel or milk receptacle, which is provided in its
interior with vertical ribs fixed on the inside of the vessel, and in the
centre of the vessel a vertical shaft is placed, on or to which is fixed or
secured a number of radiating paddles blades. This shaft at its lower end
rests on a centre pivot or pin placed in the bottom of the vessel, and its
top passes through a hole in a lid with which the vessel is provided. At
its upper part the shaft is provided with a handle by means of which it
receives the necessary rotatory motion, which motion may be communi-
cated either by hand or other power.

page_text: The lid is provided with a sight hole or valve, and with a knob or
similar appliance by which the lid can be lifted off or from the vessel,
and the shaft and blades can be taken out when the churning is com--
pleted, in order that the butter can be removed or taken off the surface
of the milk.
The fixed vertical ribs in the inside of the vessel by counteracting the
current of milk formed by the revolving blades quickly accomplish the
process of churning the milk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Kesterton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1873.
I, HENRY KESTERTON, of Park Road, Mosely, near Birmingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction
of steam boilers.
In constructing a steam boiler I employ a number of wrought iron
or steel pipes of large diameter, by preference rolled seamless pipes,
or they may be riveted. I place these pipes one on the other so as to
form four or other number of parallel vertical partitions enclosing
three or other number of spaces. At the lower part of these spaces
fire-bars are placed and furnaces formed. They are enclosed at the top
by an horizontal row of tubes. The products of combustion pass from
the furnaces along beneath the horizontal row of pipes and return
again to the front over the pipes, which thus serve to separate an upper
from a lower fluc. Above are other horizontal rows of pipes enclosing

page_text: flues, and thus the products of combustion are led to and fro amongst
the pipes in a zig-zag course; the pipes are closed at both ends, and
for this purpose a ring is rivetted inside the pipe, and this ring has lugs
upon it. Over the opening in the middle of the ring a cap is placed,
and a tight joint is made by means of a suitable packing. The cap has
lugs upon it and is secured in its place by means of I form clips.
The heads of the clips are inserted between the lugs. The clips are
used hot and are tightened upon the lugs by slightly clenching them.
The pipes are made to communicate the one with the other by holes
in their sides; cast rings are rivetted upon the pipes around the holes,
and these rings rest the one on the other, a packing being inserted to
render the joint light.
•
There are lugs upon the rings and I form clips are used to hold them
together, as already described.
Boilers thus constructed are very suitable for marine use, as if any
part should become defective it can be removed by simply cutting tho
clips, and it can be replaced by another similar part.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
⚫ Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for
the Invention of "AN IMPROVED SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR REAPING AND
MOWING MACHINES. -A communication from abroad by Hugh Lee,
of Beloit, Wisconsin, United States of America, Mechanic.
"
Sealed the 22nd August 1873, and dated the 2nd July 1873.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George. Haseltine at the..
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 2nd July 1873, pursuant to the 9th Section !
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office,". Southampton"
Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SAFETY ATTACHMENT FOR REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," and have petitioned:
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,..
ز

page_text: latter may be locked in either an elevated or depressed position by any
suitable device.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim, putting the cutter bar into or
out of gear by means of weight from the seat or footboard, essentially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
JAS. EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
.London.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHIRTS AND SIMILAR UNDER GARMENTS FOR GENTLEMEN'S WEAR
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph William Lea, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in
the City of Westminster, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIRTS AND SIMILAR UNDER GARMENTS FOR GENTLEMEN'S WEAR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph William Lea
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th March 1873.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM LEA, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the City of
Westminster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS AND SIMILAR UNDER GARMENTS FOR GENTLE-
MEN'S WEAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in shirts and other
similar under garments worn by gentlemen by which greater facilities
are obtained for fixing them upon and removing them from the person
without drawing them over the head.

page_text: The Invention consists in forming the front of both the under and
over shirt with a division down the centre from the part where the linen
front is attached to the other material reaching to the bottom of the
shirt, the edges or portions of one side of the shirt being caused to
underlap the other side more or less. The buttons for securing the said
underlap are placed down the central part of the front of the shirt and
a portion of the skirt. In the case of outer shirts the breast portion
is so formed that one portion underlaps the other to a greater extent
than is usual in ordinary shirts, additional buttons being provided at
the side of the bottom of the front or in other convenient position to
secure the free edge of the underlap.
In the case of the fronts or breasts of day shirts and of under vests
one side of the breast underlaps the other, and has buttons conveniently
arranged at the top corners or points or elsewhere to hold them in
position.
A NEW OR IMPROVED GILDING OR BRONZING MATERIAL, SUITABLE FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING, STAMPING, AND OTHERWISE ORNAMENTING IN GILT OR BRONZE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Grogory George Capreell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st March 1873.
I, GREGORY GEORGE CAPREELL, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Lithographic and General Printer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED GILDING OR BRONZING
MATERIAL, SUITABLE FOR LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING, STAMPING, AND OTHERWISE
ORNAMENTING IN GILT OR BRONZE,” to be as follows :—
66
I take a natural mineral substance found in the veins of certain rooks
in Turkey, and called there "altun-cummu," or in the Latin language
'orpimento," and grind and prepare the same into a fine powder, and
after separating all impurities, either use the yellow powder so produced
in its dry state as a substitute for and in the same manner as gold or
bronze dust is employed in lithographic printing, stamping, and other
3 analogous operations, such as in gilding upon enamelled and other
surfaces; or I mix the powder with size, gum, or other suitable
mucilage, to form a liquor which has similar properties to the gilding or
bronzing liquor now used for the purposes herein-before mentioned, and
which may also be used for sizing textile fabrics.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARASOLS AND UMBRELLAS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1873.-A communication from abroad by Felix Garrigues
and François Fayet, both of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris,
France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARASOLS
AND UMBRELLAS,” a communication to me from abroad by Felix Garrigues
and François Fayet, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of bamboo in the manu-
facture of parasols and umbrellas. Bamboo of every kind is from its
form, strength, flexibility, and lightness particularly suitable for forming
the ribs, frame, or branches of umbrellas and parasols, to adapt it for
which purpose it is proposed to split it into suitable lengths of any
required breadth, fitting these in the umbrella or parasol as may be
found most convenient. Bamboo grows with great rapidity, and therefore
to the advantages above enumerated may be added that of cheapness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THINNING TURNIPS AND OTHER SIMILAR CROPS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Williamson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1873.
I, DAVID WILLIAMSON, of the Firm of Shearer and Williamson, of
Garliestown, in the County of Wigton, North Britain, Agricultural
Implement Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THINNING TURNIPS AND OTHER SIMILAR CROPS, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention which relates to an improved arrangement or con-
struction of mechanism to be used for thinning out turnips, carrots,
mangold wurtzel, and other crops which are sown in excess of the
number of plants afterwards allowed to grow, consists of a framing sup-
ported on a pair of wheels and provided with shafts by which it is
attached to the horses whereby it is drawn. Across the framing is a
horizontal bar upon studs in which the hoes by which the thinning
operation is effected are suspended. These hoes are at their upper ends
coupled by connecting rods to a crank, which is driven by spur and bevil
gearing from the main driving shaft or wheels on which the machine is

page_text: carried, and as the machine is drawn lengthwise over the furrows the
rotation of the driving wheels revolves the crank, the rotary motion of
which reciprocates the hoes in a transverse direction through the inter-
vening connecting rods, and these being adjusted to the required height
or level remove some of the plants at each vibration leaving the others 5
to grow. Besides being carried in the bearings herein-before described,
the hoes are fitted with sockets and connected with handles so that
the attendant may raise or lower them as required when the machine is
in operation.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING GAS RETORTS, SANITARY TUBES, OR OTHER SIMILAR PLASTIC FORMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shepherd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1873.
I, JAMES SHEPHERD, of Upper Wortley, near Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING GAS RETORTS, SANITARY TUBES, OR
OTHER SIMILAR PLASTIC FORMS," to be as follows:-
On suitable framework I mount one or more cylinders. When more
than one cylinder is employed they may be so placed with regard to
each other, that the same piston rod may do for both, having at each
end of it a piston. These pistons are made to work as in an ordinary
steam cylinder.
The clay or other plastic substance is admitted into each cylinder in
front of the piston, and the steam, water, or other power admitted at
the back. The cylinder end at the back of the piston is of ordinary
construction, but that in front is of a conical or other suitable shape, and
open in the centre to a suitable extent so as to admit of the clay or
other plastic substance being forced out on to a mandril, which is secured

page_text: to the cylinder in such a manner that it may be readily changed by the
attendant. The material being thus forced out by the action of the
piston, it runs along the outside of the mandril, and covers it. The
mandril is then released from the cylinder, and drawn out of the plastic
tube which has been formed on the outside thereof. The tubes are then t
taken and dried in the ordinary way, and afterwards burnt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cunliffe Lister at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1873.
I, SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the.
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBUSTION OF FUEL, AND IN APPARATUS USED THEREFOR,"
to be as follows:
-
The object of my improvements is to obtain more perfect combustion
in furnaces; and also by that means to use shale and other inferior
materials for fuel which are not now commonly used.
I make the grate bars hollow, and have them pierced with holes at
suitable distances; through these grate bars I force a current of air
(under a considerable pressure) which acts upon the fuel on the bars
and creates rapid combustion. Sometimes I mix steam with the air,
and in that case the steam forces the air into the furnace without much
pressure; or steam only may be used. The air is first forced into a
receiver by an air pump, and from thence conducted to the hollow grate
bars.

page_text: When shale or other inferior materials are used for fuel, alone or
mixed with coal, I prefer to blow the furnaces with the gases obtained
from the oils distilled from shale, or petroleum, or other mineral oils;
also other inflammable gases may be used. The vessel containing the
oil is heated by preference in a steam or water bath, and the gases thus
obtained (that is, the vaporized oil), are conveyed by pipes to the hollow
bars. I prefer to combine the hydrocarbon gases thus obtained from
the minerals oils with atmospheric air, or steam, or all three combined
together. When mixed with steam the oils may be fed into a steam
chamber or pipe and vaporized, and forced through the hollow bars into
the furnace by the steam. The mineral oils may also be used as above
described in furnaces where coal alone is used. The hydrocarbon gases
may also be fed into furnaces through a suitably perforated chamber at
the bridge, either in combination with steam, or air, or otherwise.
I sometimes prefer to use tubes placed below the grate bars. These
pipes are pierced with holes and placed about two or three inches below
the bars, and between the spaces in the bars, so as to act directly on the
fuel on the grate.
When shale is used as fuel it should be broken into small pieces; this
may be done either at the time of its being fed into the furnaces or
before, and I prefer to mix it with coal in about equal quantities.
I would remark that hydrocarbon gases may be mixed with air or
steam before being fed into the furnaces as described; or they may be
mixed at the point where they act upon the fuel by having each alternate
pipe or bar charged with gas, or steam, or air, as may be required. The
air and gases are passed through meters when it is desired to regulate
their mixture in proper proportions.
I would also remark the tubes or pipes may be placed across the grate
that
htalan thamata instand af noll1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adolphus Nicols, of Mount Hill, Epsom, in the
County of Surrey, and Jean François Nicolas Biesman Simons,
of Gurney Road, Stratford, in the County of Essex, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRESERVING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES."
Bealed the 20th February 1874, and dated the 27th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adolphus Nicols and
Jean François Nicolas Biesman Simons at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th
November 1873.
We, ADOLPHUS NICOLS, of Mount Hill, Epsom, in the County of
Surrey, and JEAN FRANÇOIS NICOLAS BIESMAN SIMONS, of Gurney
Road, Stratford, in the County of Essex, do hereby declare the nature

page_text: of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRESERVING
ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object the preservation of animal and
vegetable substances without previously cooking the same, and' without
the application of cold, salt, or fatty substances thereto. For this
purpose we first place the articles to be preserved in air-tight chambers
or vessels, after which we admit thereto oxygen gas, either compressed
or not, or force into such chambers or vessels compressed air. These
chambers or vessels are then sealed up in the mode ordinarily adopted
when using other modes of preserving animal and vegetable substances.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COCKS FOR WATER METERS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1873.-A communication from abroad by Jean
Baptiste Deplechin and Pierre Lucien Mathelin, both of Lille,
France.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN COCKS FOR
WATER METERS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The cock which forms the subject of the present Invention is intended
chiefly for distributing the water to a meter but it is also applicable
to other apparatus where water or other fluid requires to be distributed.
The distributing plugs of the cocks of water meters have hitherto
been constructed of conical or tapered form at those parts which are
the rubbing or frictional surfaces, that is to say, those parts which bear
upon the seat or body of the cock, the result being that the plug is
liable to stick or jam when at work. According to this Invention the
said frictional or rubbing surfaces are made horizontal, or substantially

page_text: so, whereby all sticking or jamming is prevented. The cock has three
distributing openings or ports, this number varying however according
to the number of pistons in the meter or other apparatus. In a meter
with three pistons the plug has two openings, the scat or body has three
openings corresponding to the water passages of tlic meter and a fourth
opening into which the plug is inserted. The frictional or rubbing sur-
faces of the plug which bear upon the seat or body' are horizontal and
the corresponding parts of the seat or body are likewise horizontal.
.
The Invention is particularly applicable to the water meter for which
the premium was awarded at a recent exhibition at Brussels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING CHAIRS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1873.-A communication from abroad by Petrus
Vanloo, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOLDING CHAIRS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in folding couches, chairs,
seats, bedsteads, and similar furniture, and consists more particularly in
the employment of one or more stretchers suitably disposed, which serve
when the couch or other article of furniture is set up for use to stiffen
or retain it rigidly in the proper position. By the aid of the said
stretcher or stretchers I am enabled to dispenso with various parts
hitherto used in folding furniture, which rendered the same fragile,
costly, and complicated.

page_text: In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I have
shown in the accompanying Drawings, as examples of the improved
folding furniture, a reclining chair or couch, an arm chair, and a
table.

page_text: in dotted lines; r, stretchers by which the legs q are rigidly fixed when
the table is set up. This arrangement may also be reversed, that is to
say, the stretchers may be jointed to the legs, and hook on to projections
on the under side of the table, or they may be replaced by jointed rods
like those employed to support folding carriage heads.
IMPROVED MEANS OR MOTIVE POWER AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th September 1873.
I, CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Stuff
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OR MOTIVE POWER AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING RAILWAY
CARRIAGES OR TRAMWAY CARS," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to propel railway carriages and street
or highway tramway cars without the use of steam or horses, and thereby
avoid the danger and inconvenience inseparable from such use of steam
or horses.
The improvements consist in the employment of compressed air.
In connection with each train of railway carriages or tramway cars I
employ an engine and a tender or small supplementary carriage within
which are a series of air pipes or air vessels connected with each other
by means of pipes. The air pipes or air vessels are to be filled with
compressed air at any convenient station, whether terminal or inter-

page_text: mediate of the route, which air is conducted to the cylinder or cylinders
of the engine in a similar manner to that in which steam is now con-
ducted.
The air to be used is compressed by means of a pump or other suitable
mechanical contrivance, and stored within a receiver situated at any con- !
venient station or point on the route or at the terminus. The air pipes
or air vessels within the tender are to be charged with the compressed
air by means of a pipe connecting the receiver with the air pipes or air
vessels, and heat obtained by means of ordinary fire or ignited spirit may
be applied to the air pipes or air vessels for the purpose of rendering the 1
air therein more efficient by expansion.
In some cases where the route is short or in others where found
desireable, air pipes of suitable length may be attached to the receiver
and to the engine of each train or car, and also to the tops and other
convenient parts thereof, and so dispense with the use of the tender or
separate carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO STOP THE MOTION OF CAGES OR LOADS DOWN MINES AND OTHER PLACES, AND ON INCLINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Joseph Barnard Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th July 1878.-A communication from abroad by
Augustin Hypersiel, of Marchienne-au-Pont, in the Kingdom of
Belgium.
I, BENJAMIN JOSEPH BARNARD MILLS, of the Firm of Harris and
Mills, of 85, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO STOP THE MOTION OF CAGES OR LOADS DOWN
MINES AND OTHER PLACES, AND ON INCLINES," a communication to me from
abroad by Augustin Hypersiel, of Marchienne-au-Pont, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, to be as follows:-
By the aid of this apparatus it is possible almost instantaneously and
always effectually to stop any cage or load which may have become
abandoned to its own gravity by the breakage or otherwise of the chain
or cable supporting it, whether such load is suspended or whether it is
supported on an inclined plane.
The various arrangements of apparatus heretofore employed depend

page_text: .
the guides to stop the load. These claws or clutches run along the
guides of the cage or load upon smooth surfaces, upon which wheels or
pulleys run, but if the spring after the breakage or disconnection of the
cable or chain has not sufficient power to cause the said claws or clutches
to penetrate into the guides, the cage or load left to its own gravity will
obtain such a speed that nothing can then stop it in its course.
To prevent these inconveniences and to enable the workman to stop
himself in case of accident, the Inventor has devised a new arrangement
of apparatus constructed as follows:-The apparatus consists of claws or
clutches of a forked form with a central point, all the interior surfaces:
of which are toothed in such manner as to enable them of themselves to
gear or penetrate into the guides to the full depth. of the said toothed
surfaces, and in doing so they describe a commencement of a volute by
penetrating into the thickness of the wood of the guides. These claws
or clutches thus produce deep indents upon the lateral faces of each
guide, thereby counteracting at the outset the momentum of the load,
whilst at the same time it preserves the strength necessary to resist the
penetration of the central point (which is also toothed) in the front
surface of the guide, and also to resist the tendency to lamination which
the claw or clutch exerts upon it in endeavouring to stop the motion of
the load.
The teeth of the forks are inclined in such a way as to penetrate by
their own action more and more deeply into the guides from the moment
when they first came in contact with them.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS WITH MILK AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Vigors O'Dwyer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1873.
I, ANDREW VIGORS O'DWYER, of Mount Venus, County of Dublin,
Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FEEDING YOUNG ANIMALS WITH MILK AND OTHER
FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
-
My improved apparatus is constructed as follows:-It has a bucket,
tank, or other vessel of wood, tin, galvanized iron, or other suitable
material, and of a size convenient for the number of animals to be fed
therefrom.
$
When more than one animal is to be fed from this apparatus the said
vessel is divided into separate compartments. By this division of the
vessel into separate compartments each animal will obtain only its own
proper share of nourishment, whereas if a number of animals were
allowed to take their food from one compartment or an undivided vessel
the quantity of food taken by each of them could not be regulated.

page_text: From the bottom of each compartment extends a short tube or nipple
of iron, tin, or other metal formed with a screw thread, and which may
be provided with a regulating cock or tap. To these short tubes or
nipples I attach tubes of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other flexible
material. Or I may use tubes of iron or other metal. Each of these
tubes is provided at its extremity with a pap or teat also made of india-
rubber or other suitably soft material, and which is of a size and shape
to suit the mouth of the animal to be fed. The teats or paps are
provided with a buffer or collar to prevent the entrance of the teat too
far into the animal's mouth.
When the apparatus is used the bucket or vessel is placed at such an
elevation that the milk or other fluid will descend therefrom by its own
gravity to the teat, and the animal will obtain the food with little or no
effort of its own. This arrangement distinguishes my Invention from
any apparatus so constructed that the animal has to suck the milk or
fluid upward from a bucket or pail, in doing which it will take in a
quantity of air with the food, and has to maintain an unnatural
effort.
If desired the said apparatus may be fitted with wheels or mounted on
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE HORSE- SHOES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1873.-A communication from abroad by Henry Moran
and Patrick Moran, both of the City and State of New York,
United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ADJUSTABLE HORSE-
SHOES," a communication, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to provide a more readily adjusted and
more pliable fastening for adjustable horse-shoes, and an additional
guard and fastening especially desirable when the lacing requires to be
very loosely adjusted in cases of sore feet of the horses; also to provide
a protector for the frogs of the horses, giving at the same time additional
strength and stability to the adjustable shoe, and also to provide a better
ventilation of the feet enclosed in adjustable horse-shoes.
The said Invention is carried into practice by rivetting to the side of
the front slot in the adjustable horse-shoe two metallic plates perforated
with holes which are also cut through the shoe itself. A strong lacing

page_text: of raw hide or other strong material is introduced through the holes
holding the shoe firmly or loosely to the foot, as may be required. The
ends of this lacing are fastened in holes cut in an extra guard sur-
rounding the upper part of the hoof, passing through loops in the sides
of the shoe, and in the back connected to the back strap of the shoe.
In the back of the bottom part of the shoe are cut two square slots
serving to receive a frog protector which is bent or rounded according to
the height of the frogs.
Holes or openings for ventilating the hoof are cut through the material
at any place where it is found necessary, but in all cases few holes on
each side should be cut through the shoe. By preference india-rubber or
similar elastic material should be used as the most desirable for this
adjustable horse-shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF LAYING DOWN OF TRAMWAYS OR RAILWAYS FOR ROADS, AND FOR REPAIRING EXISTING TRAMWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Goodwin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1873.
I, ARNOLD GOODWIN, of Great Guildford Street, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD OF LAYING
DOWN OF TRAMWAYS OR RAILWAYS FOR ROADS, AND FOR REPAIRING EXISTING
TRAMWAYS," to be as follows:-

page_text: prepared block being placed in the road or paving at the side of the
iron sleeper at that part where the bolts occur, which block is easily
raised and access to the nut of the bolt readily obtained, the block
being replaced without cost, this system in all the above details being
applicable to all tramways or railways to be laid in roads or highways,
and also applicable for repairing existing tramways; and I claim it
in such several applications.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Pidgeon and William Manwaring, both of
the Britannia Iron Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxon,
Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING MACHINES."'
Sealed the 7th October 1873, and dated the 24th June 1873.-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Pidgeon and
William Manwaring at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th June 1878.
:
We, DANIEL PIDGEON and WILLIAM MANWARING, both of the
Britannia Iron Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxon, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows :—
"
This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in that class of reaping

page_text: machines in which two paths are provided for the rotating rakes, in
order that at the option of the driver of the machine the rakes may bo
caused to discharge the cut corn from the platform or to pass over the
corn without discharging it. The two paths are obtained by the use of
a fixed cam, and a rising and falling cam, which latter is hinged to the 5
fixed cam.
The rake arms are jointed to the axle cap or rotating
socket piece, and they are fixed rigidly thereto when desired by a sliding
bolt.
According to our present Invention we operate this sliding bolt (so as
to allow of the raising of the rake arm through the agency of the 1
adjustable cam) in the following manner:-The antifriction bowle of
the rake arm that is intended to run over the adjustable cam is mounted
on the lower limb of a bell-crank lever, which has its fulcrum in lugs on
the under side of the rake arm. The upper limb of this bell-crank lever
projects through a slot in the sliding bolt, which bolt is secured to the 1
side of the rake arm. This bolt is intended to slide under a catch
upper
made fast to the axle cap or rotating socket piece, and thereby to fix the
rake arm to the socket piece. This is effected by the weight of the bell-
crank lever, but when it is intended to raise the rake arm so that it shall
miss the corn on the platform the adjustable cam is brought to its 2
raised position by the attendant, at which time the rake, arm in passing
round will present the bowle of the crank lever to the cam, and thus
cause the cam to rock the crank lever and withdraw the sliding bolt.
The rake arm will then be free to move in the path of the adjustable
cam. When the bowle of the crank lever has passed the cam, the rake
arm will fall by its own weight, and the crank lever being free will drop
into its normal position, and thereby slide the bolt under the fixed
catch.
A further improvement in reaping machines has for its object to
prevent the main driving wheel from rotating (through the accidental
.

page_text: axle cap, and being provided with a bob at its outer end it will be
prevented from unduly coming into action. On raising the bob the
stop may be slidden forward when the wheel will be locked, and the
driver can then without any danger remove and replace the knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SECURING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES WHILST A TRAIN IS IN MOTION
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fletcher Wiles, of Sun Court, Cornhill, in
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR SECURING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES WHILST A
TRAIN IS IN MOTION."
Scaled the 25th February 1873, and dated the 6th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fletcher Wiles
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th January 1873.
I, JOHN FLETCHER WILES, of Sun Court, Cornhill, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SECURING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES WHILST A TRAIN IS IN MOTION," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for securing the doors of railway carriages whilst a train is in motion.
For this purpose I mount near cach door of a carriage an electro-

page_text: magnet, and an armature, which is so formed and mounted as to be
capable of engaging with a catch, fastening, or recess formed or fixed
to or in the door, or the armaturo may also be carried by the door, in
which case a recess or catch would be formed or fixed in the carriage,
and I employ either a magneto-electric machine or a battery (carried
by the guard's van by preference) to charge such electro-magnets. In
the former case I cause the magneto-electric machine to be set in motion
by the revolution of an axle, which has no break applied thereto, so
that immediately the train commences to move a current of clectricity
is generated by the revolution of the magneto-electric apparatus, and
the electro-magnets all become charged thereby, by which means the
armatures will be attracted to the electro-magnets, and the catches or
fastenings will hold the doors securely until by the motion of the train
ceasing the current of clectricity ceases to flow through the wires
connecting the electro-magnets to the magneto-electric apparatus.
If a battery be employed to supply a current of clectricity to the
clectro-magnets I cause a "make and break" apparatus to be operated
by the revolution of the carriage axle before mentioned, so that
immediately a train commences to move the circuit is completed, and
directly the train comes to a standstill the circuit is broken.
Any suitable means may be employed to connect and disconnect the
wires of each carriage when required.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Henkel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1873. A communication from abroad by Messieurs Dresse, Laloux,
and Company, of Liège, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
"
I, HENRY HENKEL, of Circus Place, London Wall, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,' a communication to me from
abroad by Messieurs Dresse, Laloux, and Company, of Liège, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists, firstly, in a prolongation of the hammer in
such way that the prolongation passes through an opening in the fixed
breech, thereby permitting the gun to be cocked by the thumb as an
ordinary gun; a prolongation projecting backwards from the hammer
serves to close the opening in the fixed breech.
The Invention consists, secondly, in a modification of the cartridge
extractor. For this purpose instead of the extractor being operated by
the moveable breech piece it is completely independent of it and is
operated by the trigger guard lever, a projection on which strikes the
end of the extractor and thereby ejects the spent cartridge case.
A DETERGENT POWDER FOR THE CLEANING OR WASHING OF PAINT WORK, VARNISHED WORK, FRENCH POLISHED WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ALSO OIL PAINTINGS, WITHOUT THE USE OF EITHER SOAP OR ANY ALKALI
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Forman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1873.
ROBERT FORMAN, of 154, Sloane Street, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A DETERGENT POWDER FOR THE
CLEANING OR WASHING OF PAINT WORK, VARNISHED WORK, FRENCH POLISHED
WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ALSO OIL PAINTINGS, WITHOUT THE USE OF EITHER
SOAP OR ANY ALKALI," to be as follows:-
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS CON- NECTED WITH FEEDING BOTTLES FOR Infants and for OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1873.
I, HENRY SMITH, of 5, Hillmartin Villas, Nightingale Road, Wood
5 Green, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS CON-
NECTED WITH FEEDING BOTTLES FOR Infants and for OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the apparatus con-
nected with feeding bottles for infants and other purposes, such as young
lambs or other animals, and consists, 1st, in attaching to the pipe
(usually of glass) that is inserted in the feeding bottle a valve of india-
rubber formed in the following manner :-I take a piece of india-rubber
tube slightly larger in its outside diameter than the interior diameter of
the before-mentioned pipe, and about one inch in length, the one end of
this tube is flattened by compression in the way known to india-rubber
workers, or is purchased from the manufactory in that form, so that
whilst it forms an obstruction for the fluid to pass into the tube from
•

page_text: that end, it does not prevent the fluid in the tube from passing outward.
I tako such picce of tubing and insert about half of its length into the
bottom end of the before-mentioned pipe, and then roll or fold the pro-
jecting portion of the india-rubber tube back upon and over the glass
pipe; I thus have the valve attached to the end of the glass pipe, and the
end of the pipe also protected from fracture as is the case with the pipo
now usually inserted in feeding bottles. The valve offers very slight
resistance to the entry of the fluid, and entirely prevents the running
back of the fluid into the bottle. The end of the india-rubber tube may
in place of being compressed across its diameter to form the valve bc 1
compressed into the form of a triangle or cross, but the simple con-
striction across the diameter is sufficient. I also provide the cork closing
the feeding bottle. with a similar valve so as to allow the air to enter and
to prevent the escape of the fluid. The apparatus so fitted to the bottle
may be placed in any position without fear of the liquid escaping. The
infant in sucking always has the tube filled and does not suck in wind
as is the case with the common feeding bottle.
When the bottle becomes empty the air passing in through the first
valvo at the bottom of the glass or other pipe creates a whistling kind
of noise, which is of great service in attracting the attention of the
attendants to the fact that the bottle is empty, and the child sucking in
air.
The india-rubber tube may be made (in place of folding over the
glass pipe) with a projecting collar so as to prevent its passing up the
pipe by the suction of the infant feeding. The end of the india-rubber
tube inserted in the pipe may also be made conical, and then split with
ono or more slits to form the valve.
A NEW METHOD OR SYSTEM OF ACQUIRING A SUPERIOR AND EXPEDITIOUS HANDWRITING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Lerina at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
April 1873.
I, PAUL LERINA, of Shell Cottage, South Retford, in the County of
Nottingham, and Master of Modern Languages at the Grammar School
at East Retford, in the said County, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OR SYSTEM OF ACQUIRING A SUPERIOR
AND EXPEDITIOUS HANDWRITING," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists of a novel mode of acquiring a superior and
expeditious handwriting by mechanical means. Upon a tablet of leather
mounted on wood or cardboard or any other suitable material such as
zinc, tin, iron, stone, slate, wood, metal, or composition, the alphabet A
to Z (in small and capital letters), words, and sentences, the cyphers 1
to 10, also strokes and parts of letters are deeply engraved or impressed
and submitted to the pupil for practice. The pupil by means of a hard
lead or other pointed instrument traces over the impressions in the
furrows formed by the engraved letters, thus accustoming his hand to
the proper formation of strokes, letters, words, and cyphers. Each

page_text: letter must be traced over very slowly at first for 5 or 10 minutes,
reckoning about 40 strokes to the minute, and increasing to about 100
or 150 strokes per minute; by this means the pupil will readily learn to
write a good and expeditious hand.
Though I have before named certain materials only, it is obvious that
any material capable of bearing an engraving or impression can be used
for the purpose of this Invention.
I do not confine myself to any pen, pencil, or pointer in particular, as
any pointed instrument may be used by the pupil.
i
IMPROVE. MENTS IN STEERING INDICATORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Mac Cunn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1878.
a
I, JAMES MAC CUNN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, Ship-
owner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN STEERING INDICATORS FOR STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is both by day and night to keep before
the eye of both steersman and officer the exact position of the helm to
prevent misunderstanding and to ensure safety.
The lookout bridge in very many cases is right over the steersman, as
is shewn at Figure 1.
I place an illuminated indicator at the point A which can be equally
seen by the steersman and the officer, the pointers whereof work from
a simple mechanism in connection with the spindle at B by a vertical
rod.

page_text: The illuminated helm index is constructed very much like a sextant
box in shape, and is about 14 inches deep with two lamps to light the
interior, and throw the light against the glass.
Figure 2 shews the appearance the index has to the officer on the
bridge looking down at his feet so that he can walk over it, the dial t
consists of thick glass about in., under which the pointer travels
shewing black on the illuminated dial. In day it is quite visible through
the glass. It is particularly noteworthy that this is in the way of nothing,
being quite flush with the deck. It lets into a quadrant shaped hole,
and the box (in many respects like a binnacle) which has a flange all 1
round is dropped down the flange resting on the deck.
The lower side shews a somewhat smaller dial presenting to the
spectator below the appearance represented by Figure 3. On each side
are lamps shipping in like binnacle lamps. The glass on the lower index
is ground glass against which the pointer shews clear both day and
night. The front appearance is as is shown by Figure 4.
The interior of the instrument is tinned bright with reflectors in the
lamps, and the lower quadrant of glass being smaller than the upper
permits a margin of 2 inches of bright tinned metal to throw up the
light to the glass on the bridge.
Figure 5 is a section of the complete apparatus.
AN IMPROVED METALLIU NEEDLE CASE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cleaver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho 24th
February 1878.
I, JAMES CLEAVER, of Caroline Street, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“AN IMPROVED METALLIU NEEDLE CASE," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved metallio
needle case in which packets of noodles can be conveniently placed and
retained whilst some of the disadvantages attendant upon needle cases
as ordinarily constructed aro avoided. The needle case is of a rectangular
shapo and is formed of sheet metal, either copper or brass, or of any
other suitable metal or combination of metals. One end of the case
is closed and forms the bottom and the other or top and is open for the
reception of the packets of needles.
Ono or more metallic divisions or plates is or are placed in the
interior of the case and by which the same is divided into cells or
compartments.

page_text: Tho sides of the case and also the ends of the metallic divisions or
plates are hollowed out so as to allow of the convenient insertion and with-
drawal of the packets of needles which by means of these arrangements
aro kept distinct from each other, and can be severally inserted or
withdrawn into or from the cells or compartments without interfering &
with any other packet or packets which may be in the case.
The open end of the case may be provided with a lid thereto if
considered convenient, and the exterior of the case may be ornamented
ns may be desired, and may be provided with suitable contrivances such
as are well known and understood for the purpose of attaching it to a 1
chain as an ornament.