Year: 1899

page_text: I, SELWYN FRANCIS EDGE, of 14, Regent Street, Gentleman, and MONTAGUE
STANLEY NAPIER, of Vine Street, York Road, Lambeth, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to various improvements in motor-vehicles.
According to one of our improvements the water-jacket for the working
cylinder is made separately from the said cylinder and when the latter is of the
kind in which an explosion chamber is provided, the said chamber, with its
water jacket, is made separately from the cylinder to which it is adapted to be
connected by bolts or otherwise. We prefer to make the water-jacket of cast
iron and to insert into it a casing or lining of steel or other suitable material
to serve as the cylinder proper, the said casing or lining being provided with
suitable flanges or being otherwise constructed for enabling it to be tightly
connected to the water-jacket at its ends. The diameter of said casing or lining
is such that a sufficient space will be left between its exterior surface and the
interior surface of the surrounding casting to receive the requisite quantity of
the water or other cooling liquid. The water-jacket of the explosion chamber
and the water-jacket of the cylinder are both provided with a lateral protu-
berance through which passages from the said water-jackets extend so that when
these two protuberances are brought together during the fixing of the explosion
chamber to the cylinder, the said passages will coincide and provide for an
effectual communication between the water-jackets for the circulation of the
cooling liquid. Screws or other suitable retaining devices connect the two pro-
tuberances firmly together. By constructing the water-jackets in this manner,
we avoid the liability of the water in the jackets leaking into the cylinder or the
explosion chamber. Obviously when the working cylinders are required to be
arranged in pairs, we can form the water-jacket of a size to permit of a pair of
the aforesaid casings or linings being inserted into the jacket.
Another of our improvements has reference to facilitating the starting of the
vehicle and consists in providing means whereby the exhaust valve of the
engine can be opened by the driver or other person, so that the working charges
which would otherwise be fully compressed in the cylinder by the piston when
the driving pulley were turned by hand to start the vehicle, are only partially
compressed and therefore offer little resistance to tthe movement of the piston
when the driving pulley is turned by hand. If there be two working cylinders
employed then the exhaust valve of one of them may be fully opened; if however
there be only one working cylinder employed then the exhaust valve will be only
partially opened, otherwise difficulty would be experienced owing to the fact
that the working charges would not be sufficiently compressed to enable them
to be fired in the ordinary way. The means employed for enabling the driver

page_text: to open the exhaust valve as aforesaid, may consist of a pivoted arm or lever
carried by some fixed part of the framing of the engine and adapted to engage
with a pin or projection on the valve-stem. When said arm or lever occupies
its normal position it remains out of engagement with said pin or projection
and the valve works in the ordinary manner by the valve gear; when however
the said arm or lever is shifted to bring it into engagement with said pin or
projection, the latter and the valve-stem are moved into a position to cause
the valve to maintain the exhaust passage open or partially open. Preferably
we form the portion of the said arm or lever that engages with the said pin
or projection, in the shape of a cam-piece. In some cases however we may employ
in place of the said arm or lever a wedge-shaped block adapted to bear against
a roller on the said valve spindle and capable of being shifted to and fro in
order to cause said roller to be moved to the desired extent to open or close the
exhaust valve. In fact a variety of means may be employed for imparting the
requisite movement to the said valve-stem.
Another of our improvements has reference to the mechanism for shifting the
brushes of the commutator which in certain constructions of engines is employed
for regulating the electric sparking device for igniting the charges admitted to
the working cylinder. The said improvement consists in so coupling the afore-
said mechanism to the clutch-pedal for throwing the driving gear into and out
of action, that the operation of said pedal by the foot of the driver will not
disturb the position into which the handle employed for manipulating said
mechanism has previously been set by the driver. Therefore when said pedal
is released by the driver removing his foot therefrom the said commutator
mechanism will resume its original position in accordance with the position of the
aforesaid handle and will therefore ensure that the vehicle will resume the same
speed at which it was running prior to the actuation of the pedal, without
requiring readjustment of the aforesaid handle.
For this purpose we provide a tubular rod which is coupled by means of a
connecting rod to the aforesaid pedal, and receives the end of the aforesaid
handle by which the commutator brushes are actuated. The said tubular rod
is longitudinally slotted where it receives the handle and is also furnished in its
interior with a spring upon which the said handle bears. The connecting rod
is also formed with a longitudinal slot at the part where it is coupled to the
pedal, so that when said tubular rod and handle are shifted to set the commutator
brushes into the required position, the connecting rod and tubular rod will
nove without meeting with any impediment from the said pedal. When how-
ever the pedal is depressed, a pin which extends through said slot to connect the
pedal to the connecting rod, meets the end of the slot and by so doing shifts
the said connecting rod and the tubular rod connected with the commutator
mechanism and thereby actuates the latter, the spring in the tubular rod becom-
ing compressed and permitting this movement to take place without shifting
the said handle. On releasing the pedal the reaction of the spring returns the
parts to their normal position and by so doing returns the commutator brushes
and their mechanism into the position they occupied prior to the operation of
the pedal.
Another of our improvements has reference to the connection of the piston rod
to its piston in such a manner as to permit the parts to be readily adjusted in
order to compensate for the wear that takes place at the point of connection
of the piston to its rod. For this purpose we provide a tapered pin extending
transversely through the piston and passing through a correspondingly tapered
eye on the end of the piston rod that has to be connected with the piston. The
said tapered pin is screw threaded at its larger end where it passes through the
wall of the piston.
Within the interior of said piston is provided a set-screw for locking said pin
so that it cannot turn about its axis during the working of the piston. When
said pin becomes worn, the set-screw is loosened and the pin slightly screwed

page_text: up whereby it it caused to advance longitudinally to the required extent to
overcome any looseness that may exist between the said pin and the eye of the
piston rod.
Dated this 12th day of December 1899
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.
We, SELWYN FRANCIS EDGE, of 14, Regent Street, Gentleman, and MONTAGUE
STANLEY NAPIER, of Vine Street, York Road, Lambeth, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement: -
This invention has reference to various improvements in motor-vehicles.
One of our improvements relates to the water jacket of the working cylinder
or cylinders of motors of the kind in which the explosion chamber is made
separately from the cylinder or cylinders and is connected thereto by screw bolts
or other suitable fastening contrivances. The present improvement consists in
providing the water-jacket of the explosion chamber and the water-jacket of the
cylinder or cylinders with external lateral protuberances, having passages therein
from the said water-jackets, so that when these protuberances are brought
together in the fixing of the explosion chamber to the cylinder or cylinders, the
said passages will coincide and provide an external communication or conduit
between the water jackets for the circulation of the cooling liquid from one
jacket to the other.
Another of our improvements has for its object to facilitate the starting of
the motor and consists in providing means whereby the exhaust valve of one or
several of the cylinders, can be opened by the driver or other person, independently
of the gearing employed for working said valve. Therefore when the driving
pulley is turned by hand during the starting operation, no working charge will
be drawn into the cylinder and no compression will take place therefore no
material resistance will be offered to the movement of the piston in the said
cylinder.
Another of our improvements has reference to the mechanism for shifting the
brush or brushes of the commutator employed for regulating the electric sparking
device for igniting the charges admitted to the working cylinder or cylinders.
The said improvement consists in so coupling the aforesaid mechanism to the
clutch-pedal used for throwing the driving gear into and out of action, that the
operation of the said pedal will not disturb the position into which the handle
for actuating the commutator brush or brushes have been previously set. There-
fore when the said pedal is released to bring the driving gear again into action
the said commutator mechanism will resume its original position in accordance
with the position of the aforesaid handle and will therefore ensure that the
motor will resume the same speed at which it was running prior to the actuation
of the clutch-pedal, without requiring readjustment of the aforesaid handle.
Another of our improvements has reference to the connection of the piston rod
to its piston in such a manner as to permit the parts to be readily adjusted in
order to compensate for the wear that takes place at the point of connection of
the piston to its rod. For this purpose we provide a tapered pin extending

page_text: transversely through the piston and passing through a correspondingly tapered
eye in the end of the piston rod. The said tapered pin is screw threaded at its
larger end where it passes through the wall of the piston. Within the interior
of said piston is provided a set-screw for locking the said pin so that it cannot
turn about its axis during the working of the piston.
In order that our said improvements may be clearly understood and readily
carried into effect we will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference
to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is a vertical section and Figure 2 a plan of a pair of cylinders and
explosion chambers provided with water-jackets connected together by external
conduits in accordance with our invention.
Figure 3 is a side elevation, and Figure 4 a front elevation of one form of the
contrivance for enabling the exhaust valve of one or several of the working
cylinders to be held open during the starting of the motor.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation shewing a modified form of this contrivance.
Figure 6 is a sectional side elevation and
Figure 7 a front elevation of the device whereby the operation of the clutch-
pedal will not disturb the position into which the handle for actuating the commu-
tator brush or brushes has been previously set.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section and Figure 9 a transverse section on the
line AA of Figure 8, showing our improved means for adjusting the connection
between the piston-rod and piston.
Referring more particularly to Figures 1 and 2, a is the external casing of
cast iron or other material forming the water-jacket for the working cylinders bb
and provided at its ends with suitable flanges or partitions a¹, for the reception
of the ends of the said cylinders which consists of castings or liners of steel or
other suitable material tightly connected with the aforesaid flanges by means
of bolts or otherwise.
The diameter of the aforesaid liners forming the cylinders proper, is such that
a sufficient space is left between the exterior surface of the said cylinders and
the interior surface of the surrounding casing a, to receive the requisite quantity
of the water or other cooling liquid. cc are the explosion chambers which are
cast in a piece with the casing c¹ which serves as the water-jacket for these
explosion chambers.
d and e are the lateral protuberances with which the water-jackets a and c¹ are
respectively provided, these protuberances are hollow or provided with passages d¹
and e respectively which as above stated coincide when the parts a and c are
properly fitted together, thus constituting an external conduit for the circulation
of the cooling liquid from one water-jacket to the other. a² is the inlet through
which the cooling liquid enters the water-jacket a and after circulating therein
passes by the passages de¹ in the aforesaid protuberances to the water-jacket c¹
of the explosion chambers, from which it escapes by the outlet c². ff are bolts
by which the aforesaid water-jackets are connected together, the said bolts also
passing through flanges b¹ on the end of the aforesaid cylinder. gg are bolts
passing through the aforesaid protuberances d and e for the purpose of ensur-
ing a tight connection between them, to prevent leakage of the cooling liquid at
this part.
We are of course aware that it has before been usual to construct the working
cylinders and the explosion chambers thereof with water-jackets communicating
with each other but so far as we know, it has been the practice hitherto to make
such connection internally with respect to the aforesaid water-jackets instead of
externally as in our invention. Hence with the old form of internal connection
between the water jackets, it has been of common occurrence for the cooling
liquid to escape between the meeting surfaces of the explosion chamber and
cylinder and to gain access to said explosion chamber or cylinder, thereby giving
rise to many inconveniences in the working of the motor. By our invention any
such inconveniences from the above stated cause cannot arise.

page_text: Referring now to Figures 3, 4 and 5 h is a pivoted arm or lever which is hinged
at h¹ to a bracket i. This bracket is in the example illustrated pivoted at i¹ to the
outer casing a of the motor. The said arm is adapted to be readily actuated by
the fingers of the operator and is located in a position to permit of easy access
being had thereto. j is the stem of the exhaust valve which is prolonged and
passes through the aforesaid bracket.
is a pin or projection on the said stem which pin or projection extends
through a longitudinal slot in the aforesaid bracket i. The said pivoted arm h
is provided with a foot having a cam surface which when the said arm is
shifted in the direction shewn by the arrow in Figure 3 causes the said pin j¹
to rise and with it the valve stem j, until it reaches the position shewn by the
dotted lines in this figure. When the said pin or projection is in this position
it enters a recess h³ in the foot h¹ of the arm h whereby it is maintained in its
raised position and the pivoted arm prevented from returning to its original
position. When the lever is turned into its lowered position as represented in
full lines in Figure 3, the pin is released from the recess h³ and will assume its
lowered position under the action of the spiral spring k. is a push piece or stem
carrying a roller which engages with the cam m on the cam shaft m¹ to operate
the valve. n is the governor rod connected to the lower end of the said bracket i
and adapted to be shifted longitudinally by the engine governor to bring the
valve stem into and out of engagement with the stem to control the speed of
the engine, the valve stem being made in two parts suitably jointed together at
to permit of this motion.
With the device above described the exhaust valve is maintained fully open
when the valve stem is raised by the pivoted lever, and the said valve is in
position to be operated by the cam in the ordinary manner when the said stem
is in its lowered position.
In the example illustrated in Figure 5, instead of employing a pivoted arm or
lever for opening the exhaust valve we have shown a wedge-shaped block n
having an inclined part a¹. This block is carried by a sliding rod rectangular in
cross-section and passing through a correspondingly shaped boss n² in the
frame. The rod is provided with an appropriate knob or push piece n* and is
adapted to be shifted to and fro in order to cause the said roller to be moved to
the desired extent to open or close the exhaust valve. When the said stem is
in the raised position the valve is fully open and the roller rests in the upper
hollow surface n of the said block so that the said stem is maintained firmly in
this position.
We do not desire to limit ourselves to the two examples above described for
imparting the requisite movement to the said valve stem, as this operation may be
performed in a variety of ways.
Referring now to Figures 6 and 7: is the clutch pedal for throwing the
driving gear into and out of action. The said pedal is pivoted at o¹ to any con-
venient part of the framing of the vehicle, and is provided with an extension or
tail which is connected by a pin o³ with a pair of connecting rods of o. These
connecting rods at their upper ends are pivotally connected by a transverse pin o
to a longitudinally sliding tube p. The upper end of the tube p is slotted at 1
to receive the prolonged end 9 of the handle q', the said end lying immediately
below the said pin o. The handle q is pivoted at 92 and provided
with a pawl g³ which engages with a series of teeth or serrations formed in a
segmental piece q, so that the handle may be maintained in any of the angular
positions to which it may be set by the operator. The lower end of the
aforesaid tube ገ is connected by appropriate lever mechanism to the commutator
brush or brushes, which are contained in a movable casing r. These brushes and
casing are of ordinary construction used with the de Dion and Borland engine
and therefore need no specific description herein. The connecting rods of 04 are
provided at their lower ends with slots of of through which passes the aforesaid
pin o³ connecting the said rods to the clutch pedal. p is a spiral spring arranged

page_text: within the upper part of the aforesaid tube ? with the upper end of the said
spring abutting against the end g of the handie q.
It the handie q is shifted in the direction of the arrow (see Figure 6) so as
to assume the position represented by dotted lines in that figure, the end q will
press upon the spring 2, and through it will cause the tube p to be depressed,
the aforesaid spring p possessing sufficient resistance to enable the force necessary
to depress the tube to be transmitted through said spring without unduly com-
pressing the latter. By this means the commutator brushes are set into the
requisite position for regulating the speed at which the motor is required to run.
The slots allow the connecting rods to slide downwardly without meeting
impediment from the pin o³ and thus permit the aforesaid movement to take
place, without shifting the clutch pedal.
If now the clutch pedal o is depressed to disconnect the driving gear, the
pin o³ will come against the upper end of the said slots of o and will thereby lift
the said connecting rods and, through them, will elevate the tube p and shift
the commutator brushes into a position to cause the ignition to take place later
in the working stroke as is well understood. This upward movement of the
tube P. takes place, however, without shifting the handle q¹ by reason of the
slots permitting the tube p to move independently of the handle q¹ and
by reason of the spring being further compressed. The reaction of the spring
returns the tube to its previous position when the pedal is released again and
by so doing returns the commutator brushes to the position they occupied prior
to the operation of the pedal.
On the other hand, if the handle g¹ be shifted from the position shewn by
the dotted lines in Figure 6 to that shewn by the full lines therein, the end
of the handle engages with the the upper end of the slot p and thereby lifts the
tube without affecting the position of the pedal, the slots o³ ³ in the connecting
rods permitting of this independent movement.
Referring now to Figures 8 and 9, s is the piston t the piston rod and u the
tapered pin. The said piston is provided with internal lateral bosses s¹² through
holes in which and through an eye t¹ in the piston rod the pin is adapted
to be passed transversely from the exterior of the piston. The said eye in the
piston rod is provided with a sleeve or liner t, the hole in which is tapered to
correspond with the taper on the pin u. The larger end of the said pin is screw
threaded, as also is the interior of the boss 2 and the said end is also provided
with a recess u¹, or is otherwise formed to receive a suitable tool for adjusting
the pin. A transverse holes is cut in the boss s² for the reception of an adjust-
able locking piece which is caused by the set screw to press firmly against
the tapered pin, to tightly grip it and retain it in its adjusted position.
When it is desired to take up any wear occurring between the pin and the eye
of the piston rod, the set screw is unscrewed, thereby releasing the pressure
which the locking piece v exerts on the said pin. The tapered pin can then be
turned in order to cause it to advance in its bosses the requisite distance to
take up the amount of slack existing between it and the aforesaid eye. The said
set screw is then tightened to cause the locking piece to press against the said
tapered pin in its new position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim in connection with motor vehicles is:-
1. A water-jacketed cylinder or cylinders and a water-jacketed explosion
chamber or chambers, provided with means whereby the water-jackets com-
municate with each other by an external connection for the purpose specified.
2. A water-jacketed cylinder or cylinders and a water-jacketed explosion
chamber or chambers having their water-jackets connected together externally
substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accom-
panying drawings for the purpose specified.

page_text: 3. In a motor having two or more working cylinders a hand operated device
adapted to open the exhaust valve of one or several of the cylinders and to
maintain it or them in such position for the purpose specified.
4. The device for operating the exhaust valve to maintain it open substantially
as described with reference to Figures 3 and 4 or Figure 5 for the purpose
specified.
5. The combination with the clutch-pedal and with the mechanism for elec-
trically igniting the working charges in the cylinder, of a device whereby the
commutator brush or brushes are shifted by the said pedal, without disturbing
the position of the handle adjusting the said brush or brushes, for the purpose
specified.
6. The means for enabling the commutator brush or brushes to be shifted
without disturbing the position of their adjusting handle, substantially as
described with reference to Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings for
the purpose specified.
7. A piston and piston-rod connected together by a tapered pin which can be
longitudinally adjusted in the eye of the piston rod to take up the wear in the
bearing and be firmly locked in its adjusted position for the purpose specified.
8. The piston and piston rod connection having its parts constructed and
arranged substantially as described with reference to Figures 8 and 9 of the
accompanying drawings for the purpose specified.
Dated this 12th day of September 1900.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.