CERTAIN NEW METHODS OF PRODUCING AND APPLYING A MORE CONSIDERABLE DEGREE OF POWER IN ALL KINDS OF MECHANICAL APPARATUS AND OTHER MACHINERY REQUIRING MOTION AND FORCE, THAN BY ANY MEANS AT PRESENT PRACTISED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1795

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPI
BRAMAH, of Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirty-first day of March, in the thirty-fifth year of His reign,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Bramah, His especial licence that
I, the said Joseph Bramah, during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN NEW
METHODS OF PRODUCING AND APPLYING A MORE CONSIDERABLE DEGREE OF POWER IN
ALL KINDS OF MECHANICAL APPARATUS AND OTHER MACHINERY REQUIRING MOTION
AND FORCE, THAN BY ANY MEANS AT PRESENT PRACTISED FOR THAT PURPOSE;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Joseph Bramah, by an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, to cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within one calendar month after the date of the said recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Bramah, do hereby declare, that my said Invention is described in the
Plan and description thereof hereunto annexed, and in manner following (that
is to say):-
The merits and particular advantages to be derived from this, my said
5 Invention, principally depends on a new and peculiar method of applying

page_text: water or other dense fluids to operate in various engines and mechanical
apparatus's, so as in some instances to cause them to act with immense accu-
mulated force; in others to communicate the motion and powers of one part
of a machine to some other part of the same machine; and in other instances
for the purpose of communicating the properties of motion and force from
one machine to that of another, where their local situations preclude the
application of all other known methods of connection. There are likewise an
infinite variety of other instances wherein this now application of fluids will
be found of great importance and utility which cannot here be enumerated;
but the Figures and Drawings annexed will fully explain the nature of my
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, tho said Joseph Bramah, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
P. HOLFORD.
JOSEPH BRAMAH. (L.s.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Thirtieth day of April, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Joseph Bramah came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statutes
in that case made and provided.

page_text: Power is necessary.
_A, is a
_
Invention namely that by the application of Water, or other dense Fluids, various Engines and other paratus may be rendered capable of quirating with immense force for every Purpose where a cumulated
under of Tron or other materials sufficiently strong and bored prfectly smooth and cylindrical into which is filled the Piston B. which must be made perfectly water-
-light by Leather or other Materials (as used in Pump making. The bottom of the Cylinder must be also made sufficiently strong with the other part of the Surface, to be capable of resisting the great-
-est force or strain that may at any time be required. In the bottom of the cylinder is inserted thend of the tube C the aperture of which communicates with the inside of the cylinder under the piston
B. where it is shut with the small valve D / the same as the section pipe of a common Pump). The other end of the tube C communicates with the small forcing pump or Injector E, by means of which water
or other dense fluids can be forced or injected into the gylinder A, under the piston B. Now suppose e Diameter of the cylinder A to be 12 inches and the diameter of the piston of the small pump or injector
E only one quarter of an inch, the proportion between the two surfaces or ends of the said pic
que to 2204 Ardite space between them to be filled with water
or other dense fluid capable of sulent resistance the force of one piston will act on the other ct in the above proportion viz, as one is to 2304. suppose the small piston in the injector to be
forced down when in the act of pumping or injecting Water into the cylinder A with the power which could easily be done by the lever H. the piston B would then be moved up with a force equal
to 20 cw! multiplied by 2304. Thus is constructed a Hydra Mechanical Engine whereby a wag owunting to 2304 Tons can be raised by a simple lever thro equal space in much less time than could
be done by any Apparatus ever constructed on the known principles of mechanics and it may be to observe that the effect of all other mechanical combinations is counteracted by an accumulated
complication of parts which render them incapable of being usefully extended beyond a certain Degree But in machines acted upon or constructed on this principle every difficulty of this land is obviated
and their powers subject to no finite restraint. To prove this it will be only necessary to remark that the force of any Machine acting upon this principle can be encreased ail, infinitum either by extending
the proportion between the diameter of the injector and the cylinder A or by applying greater powers the lever H. Tig: 2 represents the section of an Engine by which very wonderful effects may be produced
instaneously by means of compressed air AA is a cylinder with the piston B-fitting air tight in the me manner as described in Fig 1.-C is a globular Vessel made of copper, iron or other strong materials
capable of resisting immense force similar to those of air guns. Dis a strong tube of small bore inwhich is the stop cock E one of the ends of this tube communicates with the cylinder under the piston B
and the other with the Globe C. Now suppose the cylinder A to be the same Diameter as that in Fig 1 and the tube D equal to one quarter of an inch diameter which is the same as the injector Fig 1. then
suppose that air is injected into the Globe C by the common method/ till it presses against the cock with a force equal to 20 cwt which can easily be done. the consequence will be that when the cock
E is opened the piston B will be moved in the cylinder AA with a power or force equal to 2301 Tons nd it is obvious as in case Fig 1 that any other unlimited degree of force may be acquired by Machines
or Engines thus constructed. Fig 3 is a section merely to show how the power and motion of one achine may by means of fluids be transfered or communicated to another let their distance and local
situation be what they may A and Bare two small cylinders smooth and cylindrical in the inside, in of which is a piston made water and air light as in Fig 1 and 2. CC is a tube conveyed under
Ground or otherways from the bottom of one cylinder to the other to form a communication bets hem notwithstanding their distance be ever so great. This tube being filled with water or other
fluid until it touch the bottom of each piston then by depressing the piston A the piston B mised, the same effect will be produced vice versa thus bells may be rung wheels turned or other
Machinery put invisibly in motion by a power being applied to either. Fig 4 is a section show nother instance of communicating the action and force of one Machine to another_and how water
may be raised out of wells of any depth and at any distance from the place where the operah power is applied. A is a cylinder of any required dimensions in which is the working Piston B,
as in the foregoing examples into the bottom of this cylinder is inserted the tube C which may less bore than the cylinder A. this tube is continued in any required direction down to the
cylinder D/ supposed to be fixed in the deep Well EE/ and forms a junction therewith above the piston F which piston has a rod & working thro' the stuffing box as is usual in a common pump. To this
rod Gis connected over a pilley or otherways a weight I sufficient to overbalance the weight of the valu in the tube Cand to raise the piston F when the piston Bis lifted. Thus suppose the piston B is
drawn up by its rod there will be a vacuum made in the pump Cylinder D below the piston F. This vacuum will be fitted with water thro the suction pipe by the pressure of the atmosphere, as in
all pumps fixed in air. The return of the piston B by being pressed downwards in the Cylinder will make a stroke of the piston in the pump Gylinder D which may be repeated in the usual way by the
motion of the piston B and the action of the water in the lube C. The rod G of the piston F and the weight Hare not necessary in wells of a depth where the Atmosphere will overbalance the water in the
suction of the pump Cylinder D and that in the tube C. The small tube and cock in the cistern I is for the purpose of charging the tube C.
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