matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALUM
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Armstrong at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1863.
I, HENRY ARMSTRONG, of Whitby, in Yorkshire, Alum Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ALUM," to be as follows:-
I evaporate the crude liquors obtained in the usual way from the calcined
shales of Yorkshire and elsewhere, in a suitable pan or furnace, until they
are of a viscid consistancy, and then. I add a sufficient quantity of finely sifted
slaked lime, china clay, pipe clay, or other aluminous substance, or both lime
and aluminous substance, until the free acid contained in the liquors is
neutralized, or until the mixture when cold sets into a hard firm mass. When
sufficient of the lime or aluminous substance, or both, has been added, the
mass is then removed from the pan or furnace, and allowed to cool. This
compound I call crude alum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Rainsford Jackson and
William Pemberton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th May 1863.
We, ROBERT RAINSFORD JACKSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lan-
caster, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, and WILLIAM PEMBERTON, of the
same Place, Loom Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a system or mode of putting strain or tension upon
the yarn or warp in looms for weaving, and it consists in the application of
frictional arrangements to the yarn or warp itself, instead of applying friction
to the axis of the warp beam; or it consists in the combination of friction and
weight applied to the yarn directly, or to the apparatus acting upon the yarn;
or it consists in causing the yarn from the beam to pass over an edge or rod,
then under a roller covered with elastic material, then over another edge or
rod, and then on to the healds. The yarn beam may be weighted to a slight
extent, and the roller, covered with elastic material, may be either free, or
retarded in its movements by brake or other suitable frictional arrangements.
Our Invention also consists in regulating the amount of tension upon the
yarn by changing the position of the rods or edges, which may be made
adjustable in relation to each other and the roller, or by changing the position
of the roller in relation to the rods or edges, so as to vary the angle or amount
of bend of the yarn in passing between the rods or edges and roller.

page_text: Our Invention also consists in the use of springs or weights applied so that
the frictional arrangement will give way to the shedding action of the healds.
Instead of one roller and two edges or rods, our Invention consists in the use
of two or more rollers, which are made to hold the yarn when passed partly
round each roller, and in applying frictional arrangements to retard their
forward and weights or springs to assist their backward movements.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kirkham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1863.
I, JOHN KIRKHAM, of the Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the conversion of granular iron
ore, obtainable in large quantities from the district of Taranaki, New Zealand,
into iron and steel.
The difficulty hitherto experienced in the smelting of this granulated ore
or sand has been that the blast of a smelting furnace would disperse it, and
that it was therefore necessary to employ saggers or pots for containing it
while submitted to the smelting operation. The cost, however, of these pots
prevented the economic use of the ore.
Now in order to effect the smelting of this pure ore of iron, I first melt a
portion of pig iron in a cupola furnace, or otherwise obtain fluid iron. This
fluid metal I run into what I term a mixing furnace, and then apply thereto
a suitable quantity of the Taranaki ore, stirring the same well so as to ensure a
thorough mixing. The hot metal acting as a solvent will take up into com-
bination the granulated ore. A portion of this mixture, say, one-half, I now
discharge into a puddling furnace, and puddle it in the ordinary manner,
modifying the treatment according to the product required to be obtained.
The remainder of the iron I return to the cupola furnace to be re-heated, in

page_text: order to render it fit to receive a second dose of the Taranaki or granular iron
I then proceed with the operation as above described.
The mixing may, if preferred, be effected in ladles or other vessels, or sand
moulds, or open sand beds instead of in a furnace, the object being to get
the Taranaki iron ore or sand into a body, so as to be worked in suitable
furnaces for the production of iron and steel.
I also propose, in lieu of using fused metal, to incorporate the Taranaki iron
ore or sand with some plastic material, using for the purpose chalk, clay, or
other like material, that when moulded will hold the particles of iron ore
together while being subjected to the blast of the melting furnace or cupola.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING PUBLICITY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1863. A communication from abroad by Louis Jean Delton, of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Photographer.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING PUBLICITY," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto illustrations have been produced by means of lithography, auto-
graphy, typography, engraving, painting, or impressing only. In this manner
the illustrated journals reproduce from wood blocks views of interiors of ware-
houses and shops, specimens of manufactures, products for sale, and others,
at same time that photography has never been employed for cheapening this
kind of advertisement. I am aware that photographic pictures are exhibited,
but this is rather to furnish specimens of the art than to serve for what is
commercially understood as an advertisement.
This Invention, then, consists in the application of photography for adver-
tising purposes; that is to say, I photograph interiors of warehouses, shops,
and factories, manufactured products, or vehicles employed in trade, and
circulating in cities under the eyes of consumers; I expose these photographs
in all places where illustrated advertisements are usually exhibited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE. MANUFACTURE OF INSULATORS FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sir William O'Shaughnessy Brooke, of 107, Avenue
des Champs Elysees, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE.
MANUFACTURE OF INSULATORS FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS.""
Sealed the 21st April 1863, and dated the 19th January 1863..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sir William O'Shaughnessy
Brooke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th January 1868.
I, Sir WILLIAM O'SHAUGHNESSY BROOKE, of 107, Avenue des Champs
Elysees, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSULATORS FOR ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
insulators for electric telegraphs, and consists in improvements on the insulators
described in the Specification of a former Patent granted to me, and dated
the 17th July 1861 (No. 1800). I substitute for the ebonite cell mentioned
in the Specification of the said former Patent a cell of hard and unvarnished
papier maché of the same shape as the ebonite cell, but thicker, so as to fit
with strong friction into the iron cap, and to receive the iron pin also with
strong friction. The several pieces are put together by lever pressure, the

page_text: external cap being warmed so as to contract on cooling round the papier
maché cell. The papier maché is thoroughly saturated with pure paraffine
by being placed in a bath of this substance melted in a vacuum apparatus, by
which all air is exhausted from the pores of the papier maché, and the liquid
paraffine then forced in under a pressure of 100 lbs. or more to the inch. I
also employ plates of talc or layers of asbestos fibre within the iron cap, and
between this and the papier maché cell, and also within this cell and between
its internal surfaces and the central iron pin; but the papier maché im-
pregnated with solid paraffine may be used with or without the talc or
asbestos fibre, and with any ordinary cement in common use, such as sulphur
or melted rosin, sand and oil, as at present employed on the Indian lines.
IMPROVED PLATES OR SLABS FOR PRESERVING APARTMENTS FROM THE EFFECTS OF DAMP, AND WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE COMPOSITION OF PLINTHS AND FOUNDATIONS FOR WALLS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Henry Emmanuel Lepreux
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th January 1863.-A communication from François Jaffary, residing
at Saint Médard de Guizières, France.
I, LOUIS HENRY EMMANUEL LEPREUX, of Bordeaux, France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED PLATES OR SLABS
FOR PRESERVING APARTMENTS FROM THE EFFECTS OF DAMP, AND WHICH ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE IN THE COMPOSITION OF PLINTHS AND FOUNDATIONS FOR WALLS," a con-
munication from François Jaffary, a person resident at Saint Médard de
Guizières, France, to be as follows:-
The object of these plates or slabs is to preserve apartments from the effects
of damp. Placed on the inside of a wall, even contiguous to a reservoir full
of water, or the stones of which, soaked with water, are already saltpetred, they
will preserve the hangings or tapestries from damage or dilapidation. They
may at pleasure be prepared and arranged to receive a coating of plaster or
mortar, paintings, or paper hangings, and are composed of resin, plaster, sand,
and gravel, or flint, in about the following proportions, say, for a slab of one
superficial yard, 8 lbs. of resin, 8 lbs. of plaster, 8 lbs. of sand, and 48 lbs. of
gravel or flint. In laying or fixing these slabs a martingale or tie-piece is
placed at each joint, which is closed with some of the same composition as
that of the slabs, which thus united form one whole, secured to the wall by
cramps or claws galvanized to prevent oxydation. Plinths and foundations for
walls may be made of the same composition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANILINE DYES OR COLOURING MATTERS FOR DYEING, STAINING, OR PRINTING TEXTILE, SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Albert Schlumberger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the 11th
June 1863.
I, JULES ALBERT SCHLUMBERGER, of Basle, in the Republic of Switzerland,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF ANILINE DYES OR COLOURING MATTERS
FOR DYEING, STAINING, OR PRINTING TEXTILE, SUBSTANCES, to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a mode of precipitating aniline dyes, as red, blue,
and violet, and others, by means of certain salts. By this means is obtained
a double compound, consisting of coloring matter and acid, which is capable
of being fixed on cotton without any of the metallic mordants generally used
for the purpose, such as tannin, alumina, or other metallic substances, which
are applicable for the purpose. My process consists in obtaining a precipitate
from a solution of aniline dyes, such as mauve or violet, by a solution of
borate of soda, silicate of soda, or phosphate of soda, or a solution of the acids
of the above-mentioned salts, or the same acids combined with other alkaline
or earthy bases, and especially alkaline bases. The precipitate thus obtained
is dissolved in acetic acid, alcohol, or other suitable solvents, and may then be
used for dyeing or printing in the usual manner.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RE-CRYSTALLIZING SUGAR
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1863.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR RE-CRYSTALLIZING SUGAR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improved process consists in the application of steam to the surface of
sugar after it has been moulded, cut, sawn, or broken, thereby re-crystallizing
it, and is effected in the following manner:-The sugar after having been
moulded, broken, sawn, or cut, falls on to a wire revolving platform, which is
kept constantly in motion by being set on endless chains. A continual supply
of steam is kept up under the revolving chains, so that as the sugar is carried
along on the surface of the said revolving platform it is brought into contact
with the steam and re-crystallized, after which it falls into a trough conveniently
placed to receive it. Any suitable motive power may be employed to work the
chains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUPER-PHOSPHATE OF LIME
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1863.
I, JOHN WRIGHT, of Marple, near Stockport, in the County of Chester, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SUPER-PHOSPHATE OF LIME," to be as follows:―
I take horn, hoofs, bone, or other animal matter, and reduce them to
animal liquor by the action of any suitable acid, and then mix the animal
liquor with sulphuric acid or other suitable compound, by which I produce
soluble super-phosphate of lime for commercial purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING CERTAIN PRODUCTS PROM HOPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hills at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June 1863.
I, GEORGE HILLS, of Blackheath, in the County of Kent, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING CERTAIN PRODUCTS PROM HOPS," to be as follows:--
Whereas under the ordinary mode of drying fresh picked hops, the volatile
aroma and bitter principle which are given off during the process are lost by
escaping at the top of the drying kiln. .-Now my Invention consists in pre-
venting such volatile matters from passing out of the kiln, as heretofore, and
in collecting and condensing the vapour arising from the hops, so that the
products of such condensation may be afterwards applied to useful purposes.
The upper part of the drying kiln is closed by a valve or damper, and the
volatile matters above referred to are caused to pass into a chamber con-
taining a filter of coke, pebbles, charcoal, or other suitable material, water
being supplied to the same. By this means the vapour passing through the
filter is condensed, and in this state is drawn off below the filter into any
suitable receptacle; or the vapour may be condensed by being passed (either
with or without admixture of steam) through pipes or other surface con-
The mode
denser, which may be kept cool by contact with cold water or air.
of causing the vapour to pass from the upper part of the kiln to the filter or
other condenser may be varied, that is to say, a fan enclosed in a pipe or
channel may be employed, or a jet of steam, or other well-known means of
producing a draught or blast adapted for the purpose may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Eynard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1863.
I, LOUIS EYNARD, of 48, Langham Street, Portland Place, W., do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR
RAILWAY TRAINS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting to and applying underneath each carriage
of a railway train, a frame carrying a skid or break for each wheel, combined
with a spring fixed on each side of the carriage, such springs being compressed
by the frame in order to remove the breaks from the wheels, and having a
tendency to react on the frame and thereby force the skids or breaks on to
the wheels when liberated from the pressure of the frame.
The mode of raising the frame so as to compress the springs is by means of a
central shaft or axis suitably mounted in the lower part of the carriage, by
turning which shaft a cord or chain (passing over guide pulleys) is wound on
to the same, the two ends of such cord or chain being connected to the frame.
And the frame is kept raised as required by means of a ratchet wheel on one
end of the said shaft retained by a pall acted upon by a spring. But the frame
may be raised as required by means of other suitable mechanism.
The pall or other retaining mechanism is withdrawn as required by means
of a rod extending the whole length of the carriage, which rod is caused to act
on a cord or chain or other means of connection with the said pall or retaining
mechanism. And the several rods of the several carriages are flexibly con-

page_text: nected at their ends so as to admit of their being simultaneously acted upon
when required by the guard at the end of the train.
My improvements in breaks, as herein set forth, are also applicable to
detached carriages, as also to common road or other vehicles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Coxon Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1863.
I, JAMES COXON RICHARDSON, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination of wood and iron in the
construction of ships and vessels, whereby strength, economy, durability,
simplicity of construction, and other advantages are obtained. It is proposed
to construct the frames or ribs of double, angle, or T-iron, having the flanges
on the outside with holes punched for the reception of fastenings, such iron
frames may be galvanized or coated with paint or other material, or otherwise
protected from oxydation or not as preferred. The space between these
frames is fitted in with short lengths of wood plank the same thickness as the
moulded size of the iron frames, and dressed fair with the iron outside and in,
or made thicker so as to project inwards beyond the inner edge of the iron
frames, and to butt against each other, and secured by means of iron or other
rivets to the flanges of the iron frames, or in any other manner; if in the
construction of the ship wood be partially used for floors or transoms, or
fashion or other timbers instead of T or angle iron, or in combination with it,
so as to render the filling-in pieces of wood partly unnecessary, then such
filling-in pieces to be only partly used. The keel, stern, and stern post are to

page_text: be of wood. The outer planking, which is to be of wood, is secured by
wooden treenails or metal bolts or other suitable fastenings, which may be
rivetted or otherwise secured on the inner work. An inner planking may
be added of wood, and all or part of the fastenings may be driven through it
from the outer planking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPOOLS, BOBBINS, ROLLERS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Masters at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1863.
I, HENRY MASTERS, of Bristol, in the City and County of Bristol, Architect
and Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPOOLS, BOBBINS, ROLLERS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as
follows, (reference being had to the annexed Drawings,) and consists in the
construction of spools, bobbins, or rollers, with springs, plates, clips, or pins for
the retention of the material wound on the spool or bobbin.
Fig. A, 1 is a front & 2 an end view of a spool or bobbin made to the
depth and width to receive lengths of tape or other like material; Fig. B is a
section of a similar spool or bobbin, representing how the material may be
retained upon it by passing between wires, & in order that it shall not bind
on the centre of the spool when it is required to be drawn off, I introduce a
piece of cardboard or other suitable substance (a), which acts as a pulley;
Fig. C shews how the material may be retained on the spool or bobbin by
the pressure or friction of a spring a; Fig. D, 1 is a side view, and 2, a section
of a spool or bobbin, shewing how the material may be retained on the spool
or bobbin by the pressure or friction of a spring c and a clip d, which clip
revolves on a centre e; in this arrangement the cardboard may be dispensed
with; Fig. F, 1 is a transverse section, 2 a longitudinal section, and 3 a side
view of a spool or bobbin, shewing how the material may be retained by
a link or bar a attached to an elastic band 6 passing through the centre

page_text: of the spool or bobbin; Fig. E is a section of a spool, shewing how the
material may be retained by passing between plates a; Fig. G is a transverse
section, shewing how the material may be retained by a fork a; Fig. H is a
transverse section, shewing how one part of the spool or bobbin may be made
to revolve as the material is drawn off; by this arrangement the material may
be again wound upon the spool by turning round one of its flanges; Fig. I,
1 is a section, and 2, view of a spool, shewing how several widths of material
may be wound on one spool.
AN IMPROVED CIGAR HOLDER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eliza Selene Attree at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on. the 30th
September 1863.-A communication from abroad by Arthur Attree,
of 50, Rue Fontaine St. George's, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, ELIZA SELENE ATTREE, of 37, Gibson Street, Waterloo Road, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CIGAR HOLDER," a communication to her, from abroad by
Arthur Attree, of 50, Rue Fontaine St. George's, Paris, in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
1. The part in which the cigar fits is made of small sheets of metal fitting
one in the other, making this part of the cigar holder a jointed tube.
2. A mechanism is placed inside the said tube communicating with a
moveable ring on the outside; this ring is moved by means of a small, spring
knob also on the outside. The said knob requires only to be slightly pressed
with the fingers, causing the said ring to slide upon the small sheets of metal,
opening or closing the jointed tube according to the size of the cigar, so that
a larger or small cigar can be smoked. equally well in the cigar holder
without being wetted with the lips, or the smallest particle being wasted; also.
preventing all contact of the tongue with the nicotine.
3. A hollow lancet or needle pierced near the point with three holes ;. this.
lancet or needle can be pushed into the cigar by means of a mechanism (upon
the same system as that of a lead pencil case) if the cigar is hard and difficult

page_text: to smoke, immediately removing the difficulty of smoking by causing a current
of air to pass through the cigar.
4. A metal covering separated (or could be attached) to the cigar holder
to be used when the cigar is cracked or broken, hermetically covering the
same, thus preventing the air passing through the part broken.
5. A mouth-piece can be made of wood, horn, metal, ivory, amber, &c.
6. These perfections united make the cigar holder an article desirable,
genteel, healthy, and pretty; also a great saving, as not an atom of the cigar
is lost when smoked in the cigar holder; the cigar can be smoked quite
to the end; it is likewise less voluminous than all others brought before the
public.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR PURSES, PORTMONNAIES, POCKET-BOOKS, BAGS, RETICULES, AND SUCH-LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1863.
I, SAMUEL HENRY PHILLIPS, of the Firm of Faudel, Phillips, and Sons, of
Newgate Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FASTENING FOR PURSES, PORTMONNAIES,
POCKET-BOOKS, BAGS, RETICULES, AND SUCH-LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved construction of fastening adapted
for purses, portmonnaies, pocket-books, bags, reticules, and other such-like
articles, and is formed in the following manner :-I propose to take a flattened
tube of thin sheet iron or other metal, in which I place a slip of brass or other
metal forming a slide, and having cut therein a slot through which a pin
projects, being inserted and fixed through the sides of the tube, the slide pro-
jects beyond one end of the tube, and extends somewhat below the middle
portion thereof, and then compresses a small spiral spring fixed near the
opposite end of the tube, the spring maintaining the position of the slide
against the pin, which prevents the slide being pressed out of the tube. The
central portion of the tube is pierced with an aperture, half of which is closed
by the slide, and the remaining half exposed by reason of a rectangular space
cut in the slide. This portion of the fastening is to be fixed within the front
lining of the bag, purse, portmonnaie, or other article, and a lock plate should
be fixed outside, a suitable aperture therein being arranged to expose the
aperture in the tube within. To the flap of the purse, bag, or portmonnaie

page_text: a projecting stud or pin is fixed, having a notch cut therein on one side, and
its extremity presenting an angular or wedge-shaped surface. It will be
obvious when the stud is pressed into the lock plate by the closing of the
flap that it will enter the orifice in the tube, and coming in contact with the
side of the aperture in the slide will force it towards the spring, the slide then
running back into the notch and fastening the bag or purse. To open the
article it is merely necessary to apply pressure to each end of the tube and
slide by the thumb and finger, whereby the protruding portion of the slide is
forced inwards, disengaging the same from the notch in the stud; the whole
being concealed by the outward covering of the purse, portmonnaie, or other
article to which the fastening may be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1863.
I, JOSEPH PAIN, of the Firm of Kipling and Pain, of Fort Street, Spital-
fields, in the County of Middlesex, Umbrella Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the ordinary hand or
machine hem of umbrellas and parasols, which has hitherto been produced by
turning over a portion of the silk or other material, and securing the turned
over portion by stitching or hemming.
My Invention consists in weaving an extra thickness in the edge or
"leizure," in addition to the ordinary extra thickness termed the "invisible"
border, and in weaving on or in the invisible border, or on or in the ordinary
silk or other material, when there is no invisible border, one or more rows of
plain or fancy stitches in imitation of and as a substitute for the ordinary
hand or machine hem or stitch.
This extra thickness in the leizure, and the row or rows of stitches, all of
which I form in the loom, strengthen the silk or other material of the
umbrella in the same manner as the ordinary turned over hem.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hodson, William Night-
ingale, and Robert Laird, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st October 1863.
We, THOMAS HODSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
WILLIAM NIGHTINGALE, of Preston aforesaid, Factory Operative, and ROBERT
LAIRD, of Preston aforesaid, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in carding engines, whereby
the choking of the feed rollers and "licker-in" or first roller is prevented, and
the feed rollers, "licker-in," and "doffer" are all capable of being stopped
simultaneously in case of derangement of the machine.
According to this Invention it is proposed to drive the pulley which gives
motion to the doffer by means of a strap or gearing not direct from the driving
pulley on the axis of the main carding drum as heretofore, but from a pulley
on the axis of the feeding roller, such feeding roller being driven direct from
the ordinary main central driving pulley by a separate strap or gearing of its
own. The "licker-in" is driven in the usual manner from the doffer by an
endless chain, so that on the stoppage of the feed roller through any obstruc-
tion occurring the doffer will also stop, and with it the "licker-in," the doffer
and "licker-in" being both dependent on the feed roller for their movement,
in place of deriving such motion direct from the main driving pulley on the
axis of the carding drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1863. A communication from abroad by Guiseppe Negro, of Piedmont,
in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, JOSHUA TAYLOR, of Gomersall, near Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," communicated to me from abroad by Guiseppe Negro,
of Piedmont, in the Kingdom of Italy, to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the employment of woollen waste, shoddy, fud,
flock and other animal fibre in the manufacture of soap.
For this purpose the following method of proceeding answers well :-To
17 gallons of water, in a suitable boiler, I apply say 5 pounds of quicklime,
and 8 pounds of carbonate of soda, I raise these to a boiling heat, and
having continued the boiling a short time I remove the liquor into another
vessel to allow the sediment to settle, I then put part of the clear liquor so
obtained into a boiler, and mix with it say 15 pounds of the woollen waste
or other animal fibre; this liquid. I then boil, and keep it boiling until the
saponification takes place adding from time to time portions of the remainder
of the clear lime and soda liquor to replace loss from evaporation until the
whole is added. If the woollen waste or other animal fibre is not sufficiently

page_text: rich in grease, a little oil or grease or soap may be added. While the liquor
is boiling it should be well stirred up with a stick.
I do not however confine myself to these proportions or to the precise method
of operating given. Soap obtained from woollen waste, and other animal
fibres is well adapted for use in various manufacturing processes, but it is!
applicable to other uses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR CUTTING, PERFORATING, AND SHAPING METALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1863.
I, THOMAS WILSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Mecha-
nical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR CUTTING, PERFORATING, AND SHAPING METALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after explained in
presses used for cutting, perforating, and shaping metals. The object of my
improvements is to make the said presses more powerful than screw presses
of the ordinary construction. In making presses according to my Invention,
I substitute for the pressing screw ordinarily employed a pressing screw of the
following kind:-I form upon the screw two series of threads, one occupying
its upper part and the other its lower part, the threads on the upper part
being of a different pitch from those on the lower part. The threads on both
parts are, however, in the same direction, that is, the threads on both parts
are either of the kind called right-handed, or of the kind called left-handed.
I prefer to make the threads left-handed, but do not limit myself thereto.
The threads formed on the upper part of the screw engage in a concave screw
in the upper part of the body of the [press, or in a screw box fixed in the
upper part of the body of the press. The threads on the lower part of the
screw engage in a concave screw formed in the tool carrier or slide of the
press. I prefer to make the threads on the upper part of the screw finer

page_text: or of less pitch than those on the lower part, but but the contrary arrange-
ment may be adopted. The tool carrier or slide is capable of only sliding
motion. Motion is given to the screw of the press by means of a winch or
lever fixed on its top, by turning which said winch or lever a rotatory motion
may be given to the screw. By turning the winch or lever so as to make the
screw rise in the body of the press, the slide or tool carrier will at the same
time descend on the lower end of the screw, and the distance through which
the slide or tool carrier descends at each rotation of the screw will be equal
to the difference between the pitch of one of the threads on the upper part
and the pitch of one of the threads on the lower part of the screw. When
the threads of the upper part are of greater pitch than those on the lower
part, the screw must be turned so as to make it descend, in order to produce
the descent of the slide or tool carrier. By this construction a small press
may be made sufficiently powerful to cut or perforate boiler plates and other
thick plates of metal, as well as to press and shape metals in dies. Instead
of making the screw act directly on the punch or other tool, I adopt in some
cases the following arrangement:-I make the lower end of the screw act on
one end of a strong lever, the other end of which lever is attached to the slide
or tool carrier. This arrangement is equally powerful with that first described,
and for some purposes is more convenient.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLING PRESS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peter Bourquin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
⚫ 1868.
I, JOHN PETER BOURQUIN, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer of Photographic Goods, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLING PRESS,"
to be as follows:-
σ'
The chief object of this Invention is to improve the rolling presses used by
photographers for glazing photographic paper and pictures. Hitherto the
travelling table of such presses has been made with a surface of polished iron
or steel, which, besides being expensive to manufacture, is liable to injury from
rust and scratches. In my improved press I retain the steel pressing roll,
but the travelling 'table I fit with a slab of polished glass, which will retain its
smoothness for an indefinite time. In order, however, to prevent the fracture
of the glass under the severe pressure of the pressing roller, I support the
table upon rollers in such a manner that the glass will not be subject to a
direct bite from the upper and under rollers. To this end I employ two
rollers to carry the table, and mount them in such a position that a vertical
line, drawn from the axis of the pressing roller, will cut about the middle of
the space between the supporting rollers. This allows of a slight yielding of

page_text: the glass to any excessive pressure of the upper roller, sufficient to prevent the
fracture of the glass slab, without interfering with the glazing action of the
press. The surface to be glazed will, of course, be laid in contact with the
glass slab. This arrangement of glazing press is susceptible of extended use
in the arts.
A SEMICIRCULAR METALLIC SLIDE, WHEREBY THE POLE BOLT IS EFFECTUALLY SUPPRESSED, AND WHICH CAN BE ADAPTED TO EVERY FOUR-WHEELED VEHICLE
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sainte Aure Couperie, of Bordeaux, in the Empire
of France, Gentleman, for the Invention of "A SEMICIRCULAR METALLIC
SLIDE, WHEREBY THE POLE BOLT IS EFFECTUALLY SUPPRESSED, AND WHICH CAN
BE ADAPTED TO EVERY FOUR-WHEELED VEHICLE."
Sealed the 14th July 1863, and dated the 10th April 1863.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Sainte Aure Couperie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declara-
tion, on the 10th April 1863, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAINTE
AURE COUPERIE, of Bordeaux, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "A SEMICIRCULAR
METALLIC SLIDE, WHEREBY THE POLE BOLT IS EFPECTUALLY SUPPRESSED, AND WHICH
CAN BE ADAPTED TO EVERY FOUR-WHEELED VEHICLE," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn declaration that
I verily believe myself to be the true and first Inventor thereof:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sainte Aure Couperie, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification under my haud and seal fully
describes and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the Sheet of

page_text: Drawing hereunto annexed, and forming part of this Specification, and to the
letters of reference placed thereon, A indicating an upper half or female circle,
having an olive or dovetail groove in the middle. The diameter must vary
with the shape and size of the body or vehicle to which it is to be applied;
B, lower half or male circle, of the same radius as the female half circle, and
carrying a tongue or slide block in the middle. This tongue or slide block
does not come against the female circle at its upper part to avoid hurtful
friction and facilitate lubrication. C, small oil boxes, placed at the extremities
or in the middle of the upper part A, according to the possibility of placing
them. In some instances these boxes may be disposed with D sole plates or
sills, which need no description; they may vary in shape and position, and may
even in some cases be suppressed according to the description of body or
vehicle to which these slides are applied.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sainte Aure Couperie, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
STE A. COUPERIE. (L.B.)
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF GAS BURNER
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Gleerup at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1863. A communication from abroad by Otto Frederick Kolvig Peterson.
of Copenhagen.
I, ABRAHAM GLEERUP, of Copenhagen, but now residing at Jewry Street,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF GAS BURNER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of gas burner, whereby
illuminating gas may be more perfectly and consequently economically
consumed than by ordinary gas burners.
The Invention may be described as consisting of two burners, set one above
the other, and combined in such manner that the supply of gas to the upper
burner will be regulated by the lower burner. Above an ordinary burner,
pierced, say, with diagonal holes of a given capacity, is placed a tube fitted with
a gas burner cap, having, say, three saw cut orifices of superior capacity to the
orifices of the lower or covered burner, and with the side cuts inclining so as
to cross the jets of flame when the gas is burning. The gas supply chamber
thus formed between the two burners ensures the regulation of the supply to
the upper burner, and the crossing of the jets enables the air to enter the
flame, so as to ensure a more complete combustion of the gas than has
heretofore been obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS TO BE USED FOR RAILWAY BUFFERS, DRAWHOOKS, AND ALSO FOR CARRYING SPRINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Gibson and William
Turner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd May 1863.
We, JOHN WILLIAM GIBSON, of 31, Lower Ormond Quay, Dublin, and
WILLIAM TURNER, of Hammersmith Iron Works, Dublin, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS TO BE USED
FOR RAILWAY BUFFERS, DRAWHOOKS, AND ALSO FOR CARRYING SPRINGS OF RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:—
These improvements relate to the employment for the above-mentioned
purposes of volute springs or bars of steel, or their equivalents, in connection
with the arrangements, herein-after described, for twisting or winding up such
springs or bars of steel, thereby affording the requisite power of resistance.
When applied to a railway buffer, we at present propose to adopt the following
arrangements:-The volute spring is secured at one end to a central pin
(secured to the carriage frame or adjuncts thereof) and at the other to the
inner circumference of a pulley drum, the outer circumference of which has a
rope, chain, or cord connected thereto, and passed over the same, and over a
sheave (connected to the inner end of the buffer rod,) the other end of the
rope, chain, or cord being connected to the guide or to the carriage frame.
The buffer rod being driven in, causes the volute spring to be acted upon by
the action of the rope, chain, or cord that passes over the said sheave, as afore---
said, which is acted on by the motion of the buffer rod, giving a resistance
against the buffer equal to twice that of the spring; it may, however, be used
lirect, if preferable.

page_text: For draw-books the arrangements are similar to the above, but the springs.
and boxes being contained in the same frame or casting, the strain is divided
between them, and not discharged on the carriage frame, unless in the case of
an end carriage, which has only to bear a pull on the frame equal to its own
weight. For other springs, such as bearing springs, the arrangement is
similar also, but two or more springs may be used if necessary.
For the steel bar arrangement, we prefer to use bars of flat steel, one end
being secured to the carriage frame and the other to the drum or pulley,
acted on by the rope, whereby sufficient twist or resistance is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTING APPARATUS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ossian Esaias Sonnenstein at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1863. A communication from abroad by Olof Johan S'oderberg,
residing at Gothenburg, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, OSSIAN ESAIAS SONNENSTEIN, of the Circus, Minories, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REFLECTING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in reflecting apparatus. In
order to enable a person sitting at a window in a house (or it may be in a
carriage) to see what is passing in the street on either side, and also the objects
beneath and above, without appearing at the window, I arrange outside of
the window and in front of it a frame of metal or other material in which are
two vertical mirrors; they are placed at an angle to each other usually of 90-
degrees facing the window, and equally inclined to the plane in which it is
situated, and the adjacent sides of the two mirrors are in contact the one with
the other. A person standing at the window and within the room will then
see reflected in one mirror external objects on the one side of the window, and,
in the other mirror external objects on the other side of the window. In the
same frame with these mirrors I mount two others arranged in a similar
manner but to reflect objects above and beneath the instrument. The mirrors.
for this purpose may be placed over the first, or one may be placed above and
the other below if. preferred. The instrument may be made with the two first
mentioned mirrors only if desired, or the four mirrors may be arranged together

page_text: so as to form a pyramid, the apex of which will be directed towards the
observer.
If the street where the instrument is used be straight, the angle made by
the two vertical mirrors should be about 90 degrees, but if the window is at a
corner of a street the angle should be increased to compensate for the bend in 5
the street.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1863.
I, HENRY WILSON, of Stockton-upon-Tees, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing a lubricator that tallow, oil, or
other fatty matter may be used as a lubricant; further, that the process of
lubrication is continuous, thereby rendering it specially suitable for the valves
and pistons of steam engines.
The following is the mode of constructing the aforesaid improved lubri-
cator :-I make a hollow tapered plug of brass, having three or more openings
from the external to the internal diameter, the bottom end of this plug is
screwed into the steam pipe, or fixed convenient for connecting to the
cylinders or boiler; outside of the aforesaid plug is fitted a conical cylinder
having similar openings to those in the plug, but so arranged that two of them
cannot be open at one and the same time; the whole being enclosed in a
suitable vessel or case of brass or glass, having a cup with an open top fixed
ou the upper part thereof, through which the lubricant is poured into the
lubricator. Or, if preferred, I use a hollow steam-tight cylinder, connected at the
bottom to the steam passages or boiler by an ordinary three-way cock, at the top
terminating in a hollow tapered plug having three or more openings, and com-
municating with another steam-tight case above, on which is fixed an open cup

page_text: for receiving the lubricant which is passed through the hollow plug into the
lower cylinder. Attached to the cylinder is a lever or handle with pointer
and index plate, having the words "feed," "open,"
," "blow through," inscribed
thereon. A small cock is fixed on the outer vessel, communicating by means
of two internal tubes with the top and bottom of the lubricator, provided with
an index marked "grease" and "water."
The following is the mode of operation of this improved lubricator:-To
supply it with the lubricant the pointer is turned to "feed" on the index, and
the lever of the small cock turned to "grease;" the lubricant is then poured
through the cup on the top until it runs out of the small cock, which is
immediately shut; the pointer of the lubricator is then turned to "open"
on the index, whereby a communication is opened, through which the steam
passes into the lubricator, mixes with the lubricant, condenses, and forces a
portion of the lubricating matter through the before-mentioned hollow tapered
plug into the cylinders. The whole of the lubricant may be forced into the
cylinders at once by turning the pointer to "blow through" on the index.
The lubricator is freed from the water by turning the lever of the small cock
on the index, which opens a communication at the bottom of the
lubricator, and the pressure of steam acting on the top of the water forces it
out through the cock.