IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hunt Rowley, of Swadlincote, in the
County of Derby, Earthenware Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS.”
Sealed the 3rd August 1875, and dated the 22nd February 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hunt Rowley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd February 1875.
I, SAMUEL HUNT ROWLEY, of Swadlincote, in the County of Derby,
Earthenware Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to those waterclosets which have an outlet pipe
at the side of the basin through which the contents of the closet are
carried off, and in which a certain amount of water remains at the
bottom of the basin not to form a water seal but to receive the soil and
prevent it coming in contact with the basin,

page_text: A great objection to these closets as at present constructed is either
that there is not enough water in the bottom of the basin, or that if
there is enough water the soil is not always carried off, and the reason
of this is that the water, or rather the chief portion of the water for
flushing is not admitted to the basin at the proper part. Now my
Invention consists in so arranging the admission of the flushing water
that the greater portion thereof enters the basin at a point diametrically
opposite the outlet by which the water and the soil escape into the soil
pipe. And in carrying out my Invention I prefer to lead the pipe by
which the water is admitted quite round the basin, and to form small
holes therein at intervals to allow a small proportion of the water to escape
and so wash the whole surface of the basin, while the bulk of the water
escapes through a large hole opposite the outlet, as
Or, if preferred, there may be only one hole to let in
opposite the outlet, and this hole may be fitted with a
spread the water in the manner well understood.
above stated.
the water, viz.,
"fan "" so as to
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Hunt Rowley in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th August 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL:
HUNT ROWLEY, of Swadlincote, in the County of Derby, Earthenware
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Hunt Rowley, Her special
licence that I, the said Samuel Hunt Rowley, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Hunt
Rowley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Samuel Hunt Rowley, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hunt Rowley, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to those waterclosets which have an outlet pipe
at the side of the basin through which the contents of the closet are
carried off and in which a certain amount of water remains at the
bottom of the basin not to form a water seal but to receive the soil and
prevent it coming in contact with the basin.
A great objection to these closets as at present constructed is either.
that there is not enough water in the bottom of the basin or that if
there is enough water the soil is not always carried off, and the reason
of this is that the water or rather the chief portion of the water for
flushing is not admitted to the basin at the proper part. Now my
Invention consists in so arranging the admission of flushing water that
the main portion thereof enters the basin at a point diametrically
opposite the outlet by which the water and the soil escape into the soil
pipe. And in carrying out my Invention I prefer to lead the pipe by
which the water is admitted quite round the basin and to form small
holes therein at intervals to allow a small proportion of the water to
escape and so wash the surface of the basin, while the bulk of the water
escapes through a large hole or holes opposite the outlet, as above
stated. Sometimes I dispense with the small holes and have only the
large hole or holes opposite the outlet, and in this case an ordinary fan
or spreader may be fitted at the hole or holes so that the water may be
spread and wash the sides of the basin.

page_text: In most cases it will be found convenient to have the inlet pipe
immediately over the outlet, but this is optional, for the inlet may be
placed in any part of the pipe surrounding the top of the basin.
When I have only one hole to let in the water, viz., opposite the
outlet, and fitted with a fan or spreader the pipe surrounding the top of
the basin may be dispensed with if the inlet pipe is placed opposite the
outlet.
The accompanying Drawings represent a watercloset basin made
according to my Invention. Figure 1 is a side elevation; Figure 2, a
vertical section; Figure 3, a plan, partly in section, on the line a, b,
Figure 2; and Figure 4, a section taken at right angles to Figure 2.
A is the basin, B the outlet from the same, and C the part where a
certain amount of water up to the level of the bridge B¹ remains in the
basin; Dis the water inlet which communicates with a pipe E extending
all round the upper edge of the basin; F, F, are a series of small holes
formed in the bottom of the pipe E at the two sides of the basin; and
G is a large hole in the bottom of the pipe at a point diametrically
opposite the outlet B.
It will be readily understood that when the basin is being flushed the
flushing water which enters and passes round the two side portions of
the pipe E will escape to a slight extent through the holes F, F, and
thus wash the sides of the basin, but the bulk of it will escape through
the large hole G opposite the outlet B and will at once carry the soil
into the soil pipe. It will be seen that the holes F, F, are inclined
towards the outlet B so as to join in the current towards it. And in
order that the bridge B¹ may offer no obstruction to the passage of the
soil I make it flat at the bottom, as seen in Figure 4, instead of curved
or concave as has been usual in closets of this description.
Owing to the different manner in which the basin is flushed and the
soil washed out I call my basin the "wash-out basin."
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, con-
structing waterclosets of the kind herein referred to in such manner
that the main portion of the flushing water enters the basin diametrically

page_text: opposite the outlet to the soil pipe, substantially as and for the purpose
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hunt Rowley, have here:
unto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of August,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
SAM². HUNT ROWLEY. (L.S.)