matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES AND IN DRY EARTH CLOSETS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Sutton Harvey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1874.
I, RICHARD SUTTON HARVEY, of Retford, in the County of Notting-
ham, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRIVIES AND IN DRY EARTH CLOSETS," to be as
follows:
The object of this Invention is to provide privics with a double or two
flaps, one of which serves as a cover and the other as a holed scat, both
of which can be lifted and folded back to facilitate the washing and
cleansing of an inclined receiver, which receives and leads the excrement
and urine into a receptacle at the side or at the back, the receptacle
being outside of the closet or privy for easy removal, and to prevent the
entry of obnoxious vapours.
In the case of carth closets, the dry earth or ashes can be thrown on
to the excrement after the hinged seat is raised, and the seat be thereby
kept clean.

page_text: The Invention is carried out in the following manner:- -Within the
privy or closet proper I arrange an inclined panel or receiver, the angle
of which can be set to any degree for the rolling down of the excrement
and carth or ashes, as well as the flow of the urine into a receptacle
outside the back or the side wall, as the case may be, the back or side
wall having an aperture in it through which the receiver passes, and has
a lip overhanging the receptacle. The panel or receiver can have a flat
surface or a concave one for directing the excrement and also tho earth
or ashes, if such are used, into the receptacle to form a kind of pyramid
in the centre.
The cover of my privy or carth closet is hinged to the seat, and the
seat is hinged to the back board, so that either the cover only or both
the cover and the seat can be lifted and thrown back, the former when
the privy or closet has to be used, and the latter when dry earth or
ashes have to be thrown in or otherwise admitted, or when the receiver
has to be cleaned or washed.
My angled receiver leading to the outside of the privy or closet is
applicable to existing ones, and also to carth closets, in which a supply
of earth is automatic on the opening or closing of the door, or by a
depression or a lift of the lid.
A false seat may be set upon the usual one in which would be a small
hole to facilitate children using the closet.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAND PUMPS OR DREDGERS AND IN THE MEANS OF WORKING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard John Kennard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1874.
I, HOWARD JOHN KENNARD, of No. 67, Upper Thames Street, in- the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SAND PUMPS OR DREDGERS AND IN THE MEANS OF WORKING
THE SAME," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention relates to apparatus for excavating sand and gravel
under water, now generally known as "sand pumps," for which Letters
Patent were granted to me on the 15th June 1861, No. 1534.
According to one of my present improvements, instead of forming
flanges or stops in the cylinder in which the piston works for the
purpose of limiting the stroke of the piston, I fix at the upper end of the
cylinder a bridge piece, having a hole through which the piston rod
passes, against which bridge piece the piston or a caoutchouc cushion
upon the same bears at the end of the up stroke, while the piston rod is
provided at its outer end with a collar which bears against the top of the
bridge piece, or against a caoutchouc cushion upon the same at the end

page_text: of the down stroke. The bridge piece may conveniently be fixed to the
cylinder by providing the latter with external lugs, which are grasped by
hooked ends on the bridge piece, a metal ring being shrunk on over
these hooked ends, so as to hold the bridge piece securely in position.
Another improvement has for its object to insure a water-tight joint
between the removeable bottom of the apparatus and the flange of the
box to which it is fixed. For this purpose I form in the face of such
flange a circular groove, into which is fitted a caoutchouc ring so as to
project somewhat beyond the flange, so that when the removeable bottom
is secured in place it presses against such caoutchouc ring and thus forms
a water-tight joint.
Another improvement relates to the means of imparting motion to the
piston of the apparatus. This is at present effected by attaching to the
piston rod a rope or chain, which is passed over an overhead pulley, its
free end being pulled down by hand in order to raise the piston in the
cylinder, while the down stroke of the piston is effected by its weight.
According to my present improvement I attach to the free end of tho
said rope or chain a weight of such a size as to ensure that by its
descent it will draw up the piston with sufficient rapidity to the full
extent of its stroke. This weight is raised by hand, or by any suitable
known contrivance, in order to allow the piston to perform its down
stroke, and is then allowed to fall in order to cause the piston to perform
its up stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR IRONING CLOTHES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
-
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR IRONING CLOTHES."-
A communication from abroad by Gideon Wesley Cottingham, of
Saint Mary's. Texas. United States of America. Minister.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 15th May 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.

page_text: the garments being ironed from falling over the table and coming in
connection with the other parts of the machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal; this Fifteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
JAMES EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
WM. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR PERFORATING PAPER, CARD- BOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Salmon and Richard
Mills Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th July 1874.
We, JAMES SALMON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Printers' Engineer, and RICHARD MILLS WOOD, of the same Place,
Printers' Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR PERFORATING PAPER, CARD-
BOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to the ordinary letterpress and litho-
graphic cylinder printing machines, and it consists in applying thereto
certain machinery by which the paper or other substance passing over
the cylinder is cut or perforated during the operation of printing.
Our improved machinery consists of a cutting wheel supported in an
arm, the position of which is regulated by a tail screw. This arm is
jointed to an angle bracket fixed to the taking-off board forming part of
the printing machine. To the cylinder is fixed a thin piece of brass or

page_text: other material of about the length of the sheet of paper or other
substanco to be cut or perforated, and the cutting wheel is set so that
when the cylinder revolves it just presses gently against the brass or
other material. By this means the printing and cutting or perforating
are performed simultaneously.
.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLITAIRES AND STUDS FOR DRESS FASTENINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hill and John Cheshire
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 13th July 1874.
We, JOSEPH HILL, Button Manufacturer, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, and JOHN CHESHIRE, Corkscrew Manufacturer,
also of Birmingham, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOLITAIRES
AND STUDS FOR DRESS FASTENINGS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
In describing our Invention in connection with a solitaire or shirt
stud the front or ornemental part may be made hollow, of a front and
back shell, having a spring made of sheet steel, the said spring having a
pin rivetted or otherwise fastened in the centre of the same, the said pin
being premitted to protrude through a concentric hole in the back shell
of any desired or regular shape, and this part so constructed we call the
front button.
The back or stud part we form of a disc of metal with a hollow shank
concentrically secured to it, and at the end of this shank a projection
or projections are formed corresponding with the concentric pierce hole

page_text: of the button part, and on the face of the projection or projections of
the shank a vertical projection or projections are formed in a line with
the shank, the use of which is simply to lock the stud and button
together when in use by passing the shank of the stud like a key over
the projecting pin secured to the spring in the centre of the front part,
when by a slight pressure and quartor turn the parts will be engaged by
the force of the spring causing the vertical projection on the shank to
snap into a corresponding pierce hole or its equivelent in the back shell,
when the parts will be thoroughly secured.
Instead of using metal for the front of the button part precious stones
or any other ornemental device may be readily introduced, and instead
of using a disc of metal for the back stud a disc of ivory, pearl, bone, or
other suitable material may be used, in which case we purpose applying
a small convex metal disc to the shank and sinking a recess in the ivory,
pearl, or bone shell with a lateral undercut, that when the small convex
disc before mentioned is placed in it the said disc may be flattened down,
and thereby laterally spread so as to form a firm connection between
the ivory, pearl, bone, or other disc and the necessary shank for
attaching it to the front part. Solitaires or studs thus produced may be
varied in size or material according to the purpose of dress for which
they may be required.
AN IMPROVED SIEVE TAP
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Ainsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1874.
I, RICHARD AINSWORTH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SIEVE TAP," to be as follows:-
:—
This Invention is a tap which sieves the fluid passing through it, and
is so constructed that the sieve portion is accessible at all times for being
cleaned. The plug of the tap is constructed with one or more sieves
across the way traversed by the fluid, and may be made to open at the
top or bottom, or both, so that the sieve or sieves may be removed by
means of such opening or openings for the purpose of being cleaned; or
the body of the tap may be made with one or more openings, opposite to
which the sieve portion of the plug may be turned at pleasure for the
purpose of being cleaned. The plug of the tap may be so made that
when the sieve or sieves are being cleaned the passage of the fluid is
stopped, or the plug may be made with an extra way through which the
fluid may be allowed to pass during such cleaning.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS For the PURPOSE OF INSTRUCTION IN THE ART OF SWIMMING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephen Levett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1874.
I, JOHN STEPHEN LEVETT, of the City of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS For the
PURPOSE OF INSTRUCTION IN THE ART OF SWIMMING," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in apparatus employed
in instructing persons in the art of swimming, is chiefly designed to
effect efficiency therein with greater rapidity than and without the
danger appertaining to such apparatus as at present commonly in use,
and to render such apparatus more portable by simplifying and lightening
its construction.
The Invention consists in the employment of a light framing, which
may be cither of wood, steel, or other suitable material laid on the back
of the pupil and secured by suitable straps, bands, or other fastenings
passing round the body. On this frame are fitted two or more clasps
or springs designed to receive a frame somewhat similar in construction

page_text: to that attached to the back of the pupil, and to which are fitted two
arms extending horizontally in opposite directions from the body thereof.
In the ends of these arms, which may be either of wood, steel, or other
suitable material, are carried inflated bladders or bags, which rest on the
water, and so buoy up the swimmer.
The upper frame may be disconnected from and reconnected to the
lower one at pleasure by pulling the former backwards, and this may be
effected either by the swimmer himself or by another beside him from a
boat, or from the shore, for which latter purpose suitable strings or
cords working over pullies may be attached at one of their ends to the
upper frame, and held at their opposite ends by the instructor, either on
the shore or in a boat, or other convenient place. By this means the
pupil may have the upper frame detached from the lower to test his
powers, and on exhibiting signs of distress it may be at once reattached
by the instructor.
To support the head of the pupil an inflated bag or collar may be
attached to his neck or chest, and may be used at his option.
IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR STARTING SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giovanni Grillone at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 29th
August 1874:
.
I, GIOVANNI GRILLONE, of Asti, in the Kingdom of Italy, and at
present of St. Martin's Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANISM FOR
STARTING SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improved starting mechanism for sewing
machines, the object of the Invention being to provide a simple and
effective device whereby the machine may always be set in motion in the
right direction by the pressure of the foot only, instead of starting the
fly wheel by the hand. Thus the operator has both hands free to guide
the work.
According to my Invention I provide a ring of teeth on the side of the
fly wheel, and fit a bolt or catch in a carrier consisting of a sliding block
moving in a curved slot or slots in a frame fixed parallel to the fly
wheel, or of a radial arm or arms pivoted on the fly wheel shaft. In
either case the bolt is so fitted and operated by the motion of the treadle

page_text: provided for the purpose, and suitable connections, that it is first caused
to project forward to engage with the ring of teeth on the fly wheel, and
is then moved with its carrier to the extent of about a quarter of a circle
in the direction of rotation of the fly wheel, carrying with it the latter,
which after being thus started in the proper direction is maintained in
motion by the treadle in the ordinary way. The bolt or catch may bo
spring-jointed at the part which engages with the wheel, in order that it
may be readily disengaged from the fly wheel, and the motion of the
latter continued whilst the bolt or catch is moving back to its original
position and avoid liability to breakage. The bolt or catch, the treadle
and their connections, are returned to their position by springs imme-
diately the pressure of the foot is removed. A stop is also provided to
prevent the movement of the fly wheel in the
wrong direction.
Another arrangement consists of a pair of jaws mounted on a movable
or spring support, in such a way that the jaws may be closed upon and
grip the periphery of the fly wheel, which may be roughened or covered
with leather or other material. The jaws are operated by cords or other
connections from a treadle as before. They first close upon the fly
wheel and then crary it round in the proper direction as before explained.
Springs open out the jaws and return them to position immediately the
pressure on the pedal is removed. A stop is also provided in this case
consisting of a spring clip embracing the fly wheel, and roughened so as
to allow the wheel to revolve in one direction only.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Jewett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1874.
I, MARK JEWETT, of Number 79, Camden Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Brewer's Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is intended to increase the safety of two-wheeled
vehicles in case the horse drawing the same should fall or stumble. I
continue the stems upon which the steps are fixed to within a few
inches of the ground and place a small wheel at the bottom of each of
them. Such stems are fixed to the front of the body of the vehicle but
not to the shafts. In the shafts or fixed to the side of them I make a
The shafts are
slot or slit socket through which the stems pass.
continued to the back of the vehicle and fastened there to the body by
sockets or hinges. This allows the shafts to drop in the front without
materially altering the position of the body of the vehicle.
In vehicles which have no steps I construct stems similar to the above
on purpose for my Invention.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE CONNECTED WITH OPEN GAS BURNERS FOR SUPPORTING HALF GLOBES OR REFLECTORS, AND FOR INCREASING THE REFLECTIVE PROPERTY OF THE FLAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Weston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th December 1874.
I, JOHN HENRY WESTON, of No. 5, Lansdowne Crescent, Lansdowne
Road, in the County of Surrey, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE CONNECTED
WITH OPEN GAS BURNERS FOR SUPPORTING HALF GLOBES OR REFLECTORS, AND FOR
INCREASING THE REFLECTIVE PROPERTY OF THE FLAME," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus to be connected with
open gas burners for supporting half globes or reflectors, and for in-
creasing the reflective property of the flame, and consists of an upright
or standard to which a socket piece is attached; this socket piece has
a hook or lip and also two projecting prongs which terminate in hooks
or lips, upon which lips the upper half globe or reflector can be hung,
the lips taking under the shoulder of the central aperture in the
reflector in a free manner to permit of the reflector or shade expanding
and contracting without the lips exerting any influence upon it.

page_text: I propose in some cases to fit a half globe to other lips depending from
the open burner, so that its top edge can be brought near to the lower
edge of the top half globe, a space being left between the two for the
supply of air to the burner.
In using my Invention the burners may be of the ordinary fishtail,
batswing, or other open kind, and may be arranged to throw the flame
upwards or flatwise as desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA AND OF SULPHATE OF POTASH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur McDougall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1874.
I, ARTHUR MCDOUGALL, of the Firm of M Dougall, Brothers, of
Manchester and London, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA AND OF SULPHATE OF POTASH," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of sulphate of soda and of sulphate of potash by
the direct action of sulphurous acid upon the chlorides of sodium and of
potassium, great expense and trouble is caused by the usual process of
moulding and breaking the moulded salt into lumps, so that when
placed in the saturation cylinders a free passage is allowed for sulphurous
acid gas.
.
My Invention consists in maintaining the salt in motion whilst
exposed to the action of the sulphurous acid gas by the use of suitable
mechanical means, so that the salt may be employed in a loose state and

page_text: thus save the trouble and expense of preparing lumps, and also causo a
more rapid completion of the decomposing action.
I also introduce steam in a superheated state during the process; by
this means a more rapid action takes place and the necessary tempera-
ture is more easily kept up.
IMPROVED SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown Dalzell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th February 1874.
I, JOHN BROWN DALZELL, of Lesmahagow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVED SIGNALLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to arrest the attention of the drivers,
guards or passangers of railway trains when approaching a danger
signal, by sound in place of by the employment of the faculty of sight
alone.
The apparatus constituting this Invention consists of a lever which is
in connection with the signal apparatus, so that as the signalman raises
the signal to "danger position" he at the same time operates the lever,
causing it to move on its axis, and to project across one of the rails, but
at a height above the rails sufficient to be out of the way of its action
being interfered with by snow or other obstruction. The lever referred to
is placed at any desired distance from the signal, and the "life guard or

page_text: other projecting feature of the engine or other vehicle of an approaching
train in coming into contact with it pushes the lever round on its axis,
which action disconnects or releases a pall or its equivalent, by which a
striker or hammer is held in position so as to strike a large bell or gong,
by which attention is instantly arrested. The lever is permanently
attached to the sound producing apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND MOUNTING VARIOUS KINDS OF BROOMS AND BRUSHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th July 1874.-A communication from Louis Nevière,
residing at Marseille, France, Gentleman.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING AND MOUNTING VARIOUS
KINDS OF BROOMS AND BRUSHES," communicated to me by Louis Nevière,
a person resident at Marseille, France, Gentleman, to be as follows :—
The Invention relates to improvements in the method of constructing
and mounting brooms and brushes for washing, polishing floors, painting,
and others for similar purposes, so that their handles may be fixed or
moved at will by means of an articulated joint placed between the
lower end of the handle and the body of the brush or broom. For this
purpose a plate of cast steel or other suitable metal is attached to the
upper part of the body of the brush or broom by means of screws or
otherwise. This plate has a central opening in which is placed a

page_text: projecting eccentric nut or core made of iron and provided with a thin
or screwed pin, or with a socket which is screwed or driven into, or
receives the lower end of the brush or broom handle. The nut or core
is formed with two pivots which turn in bearings formed in the plate, and
when the nut or corc is made to rotate, by moving the handle, its
eccentric part presses on a flat steel spring, fixed so as to move freely
under it on the top of the brush or broom below the above mentioned
plate. The handle may be placed vertically or horizontally, or at any
required angle with the body of the brush or broom, in which is
formed a groove for the purpose of placing the handle when the latter is
lowered horizontally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR SAW BENCHES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lees Hilton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1874.
I, ROBERT LEES HILTON, of Hyde, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO CIRCULAR SAW BENCHES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved combination of machinery for
obtaining a positive drag motion, whereby the timber to be sawn is
pressed against the circular saw. To the spindle of the saw is fixed a
worm gearing into a wheel on a side shaft, and to the other end of this
side shaft is fixed another worm gearing into a wheel which is fixed on
the same axle as a change wheel, which gears into the wheel on the
axle of a drum around which the drag chain or rope is wound. The
drum is provided with a friction box as usual and when the friction box
is in gear the timber is drawn forward against the saw. By this means
the gearing is simplified and the cost of production is reduced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Axon, of Poulton, in the County of
Lancaster, Railway Engineer, and Adam Bullough, of Blackburn,
in the same County, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES.'
Sealed the 16th October 1874, and dated the 12th August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Axon and
Adam Bullough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th August 1874.
We, CHARLES AXON, of Poulton, in the County of Lancaster, Railway
Engineer, and ADAM BULLOUGH, of Blackburn, in the same County,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES," _to_be AC
follows:-
-

page_text: carriages; now this mode is objectionable as it necessitates the attendant
to pass either over or under the buffers to couple and uncouple the
carriages, which is cause of many fatal accidents.
Now our Invention consists in coupling railway carriages by two
diagonal shackles or links with hooks which can be coupled or uncoupled
from the outside of the buffers; these shackles extend from the buffer
beam or end frame of one carriage to the corresponding part of the
adjacent carriage, and they cross each other so that when the carriages
are coupled to form a train the pull has a tendency to hold the carriages
together, thereby preventing the carriages leaving the rails.
When the carriages are uncoupled the attendant hooks cach shacklo
to its own carriage, and the shackle then reaches across the end of the
carriage instead of hanging down, as is the case with the ordinary chain
couplings.
The shackles or the books. or both may be made with springs or
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON & STEEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th June 1874.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM HART, of Upper Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON & STEEL," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of iron
and steel.
According to my Invention malleable iron and cast steel are produced
from cast or pig iron by heating or fusing the latter in intimate contact
with some carbonate of lime, such, for example, as limestone or chalk,
or by first heating or fusing the cast or pig iron alone, and then when
in such condition bringing the same into immediate contact with the
carbonate of lime. Or instead the malleable iron or cast steel may be
produced by passing carbonic acid gas through or over the cast or pig
iron whilst the same is in a heated or fused state.
A NEW AND IMPROVED COPYING PRESS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris,
France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "A NEW AND IMPROVED COPYING PRESS."
A communication from Stanislas Alexandre Louis Berthier, residing
at Rue de Rivoli, 152, Paris, France, Merchant.
-
Sealed the 20th March 1874, and dated the 1st January 1874.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 1st January 1874, pursuant to the 9th Section.
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRI
ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "A NEW. AND
IMPROVED COPYING PRESS," communicated to me by Stanislas Alexandre Louis

page_text: and the lever H, constructed and operating for the purpose described
and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of
December, in the year of our Lord Eighteen hundred and seventy-
three.
H. BONNEVILLE. (L.s.)
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MARINE AND OTHER ENGINE GOVERNORS, WHICH ARE ESPECIALLY ADAPTED TO HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE COMBINED ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gibson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1874.
I, WILLIAM GIBSON, of Bootle, in the County of Lancaster, Marine
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MARINE AND OTHER ENGINE GOVERNORS, WHICH ARE ESPECIALLY
ADAPTED TO HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE COMBINED ENGINES," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in placing a throttle valve in the exhaust pipe
and connecting the lever thereof by an adjustable rod to the lever of
the throttle valve of the steam pipe and controlling the action of both
valves by one governor, thus insuring perfect uniformity of action. I so
arrange the end of the rod connecting the levers of the throttle valves
on the steam and exhaust pipes, that the throw or action of the exhaust
pipe valve may be regulated at pleasure, as I prefer not to perfectly
close it at any time, as there is always a little steam to condense even
when the steam is cut off from the high-pressure cylinder.
Year: 1874

page_text: In making an apparatus according to my Invention I form a skeleton
upright or standard, and I hinge a slab, say of wood, thereto, so that
the slab may be set at an angle, the hinged portion being arranged
under the usual end roller of a paper ruling machine. The opposite end
of the slab is received in a notched upright or tail piece, in which the
slab can be raised or lowered and fixed. The slab has one or more
grooves formed in its upper surface in which a slider is free to move
when desired, the slider forming part of a back board or shelf against
which the sheets rest after leaving the two rollers, one of which is
covered with blotting paper or other absorbent for removing the super-
fluous ink should any happen to flow from the rulers while the paper
is passing through the machine. The top roller of the two rests upon
the lower one by its own weight only, and can be removed by lifting
it from the notches of end plates or bearings fitted on the sides of the
ruling machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BARLEY MILLS AND MODE OF EMPLOYING THE SAME FOR DRESSING AND CLEANING RICE OR OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1874

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Marsh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1874.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT MARSH, of Bromley Hall, Bromley, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BARLEY MILLS AND MODE OF
EMPLOYING THE SAME FOR DRESSING AND CLEANING RICE OR OTHER GRAIN," to be
as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has for its object an improved arrangement of machinery
for facilitating the removal of the inner skin or pellicle of rice during the
cleaning process, by which the said parts thereof are enabled to work
with less power and friction, and with a freer delivery of the rice from
the machine than by the method at present in use, and consists of a
perforated wire cylinder mounted horizontally in suitable bearings upon
a rectangular frame fitted with an inner stone revolving rapidly within
the cylinder, to the interior of which cylinder a series of angle iron
plates are diagonally fixed and secured longitudinally between the
intervening space of the stone and case, so as to revolve concentrically
in connection with leather flaps or beaters for causing the rice to better

page_text: impinge against the periphery of the revolving inner stone, as also to
facilitate the delivery of the same from the machine by the gradual
inclination given to the said beater plates for allowing the rice to fall
down to the ends thereof and escape through trap openings formed
therein.
b
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAPS OR APPARATUS FOR CATCHING RATS, MICE, RABBITS, AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Ferrari at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1874.
I, ACHILLE FERRARI, of Leeds, in the County of York, Auctioneer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRAPS OR APPARATUS FOR CATCHING RATS, MICE, RABBITS, AND OTHER ANIMALS,”
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel mode of constructing traps or appa-
ratus for catching rats, mice, rabbits, and other animals, and consists in
forming the traps of wire without any moving parts except a simple door
or cover for closing a hole or aperture through which the animals when
caught may be removed from the trap in order that they may be
destroyed.
The traps may be made of various forms, but I prefer to make them
circular as being the cheapest and most easy form of construction. The
traps are constructed of strong wire divided into a number of pieces of
suitable length, according to the size of the intended trap. Supposing it
be desired to construct a circular trap, one end of the wires is firmly

page_text: fixed in a strong foundation board, and the whole of the wires are
arranged in the form of a circle which will represent the limits of the
trap. The other ends are bent over inwards towards the centre of the
circle, with their inner ends pointing downwards but at some distance
from the board, thus leaving a free space under the wires for the
animals to run about. These bent wires are kept in their place by
means of transverse wires arranged parallel to each other at suitable dis-
tances apart, or they may be secured to a single wire wound helically
round the others for a sufficient number of turns. The pointed inner
ends of the vertical or bent wires will thus be left free, and the wire
being hard drawn will possess a certain amount of elasticity. The inner
or pointed ends of the wires approach near to each other, but a circular
space is left sufficient for the animal to push through into the interior,
the pointed ends of the wires yielding or giving way sufficiently, for the
purpose. Immediately the animal's body has passed, the points of the
wires will resume their normal position, and then the animal cannot
return the same way but will be kept in the trap.
+
As a modification of this form the trap may be made quadrangular or
polygonal, and some of the wires may be rigidly fixed while others may
be made in the form of spring flaps which will yield downwards to the
pressure of the body of the animal, but will prevent him from returning
or getting out of the trap, as on the removal of the slight pressure of the
animal's body the pointed wires will resume their normal position as in
'the other instance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frederick Cooke Farquhar
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 8th January 1874.
I, JOHN FREDERICK COOKE FARQUHAR, of 24, Long Acre, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gas burners, and
relates to ring burners of the argand class. I arrange two or more ring
burners concentrically one within the other, and I connect them by
separate tubes with a chamber beneath into which the gas to supply all
the rings is caused to enter. By screw plugs or equivalent instruments
within this chamber the supply of gas to the several rings is separately
adjusted so that each may receive its proper proportion.
The air passages by which air is supplied to the interior and exterior
of each flame are so adjusted that everywhere the flames are in contact
with air flowing at the same or approximately the same speed.
AN IMPROVEN METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND REDUCING TO IMPALPABLE POWDER BARYTA, COCOA, REFINED SUGAR, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, BOTH VEGETABLE AND MINERAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th January
1874.
I, FREDERIC COLE, of No. 24, Victoria Park Road, South Hackney, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEN METHOD OF AND MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND
REDUCING TO IMPALPABLE POWDER BARYTA, COCOA, REFINED SUGAR, AND SIMILAR
SUBSTANCES, BOTH VEGETABLE AND MINERAL," to be as follows:—
My Invention consists of an improved machine in which I use iron
or other rollers revolving in an iron frame furnished with scrapers to
clean each roller as it revolves with knives, and sometimes with combs
to clear the iron bed as the rollers pass over it in crushing any substance
placed thereon for that purpose. When this is sufficiently crushed a
shovel is lowered by the action of a set screw to remove the same from
the bed in order that it may be ready to receive a fresh supply. This
frame is worked backwards and forwards by chains by means of a hand
wheel placed at the end of another iron frame over which the above
travels.

page_text: I propose however to adapt my machine so as to use steam and water
as well as hand power in working the same.
The iron bed lays level on either a wooden bed or on masonry, and
weights used for increasing the crushing power of the rollers may be
placed over the said rollers, and carried in a box over the first-mentioned 5
frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1874. A communication from abroad by Harald Asplund, of
Kristinehamn, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, PETER JENSEN, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," (a communication to me from abroad by Harald
Asplund, of Kristinehamn, in the Kingdom of Sweden,) to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is so to construct locomotives for
railways as to obtain a fire-box and furnace of greater width than
heretofore. For this purpose I arrange the framework of the engine as
follows: The frames or horn plates in the fore part of the locomotive
are placed inside of the driving wheels and other front wheels, and of
the steam cylinders, which are fastened to the said frames; in the front
of the firc-box the said frames terminate at and are fixed to a cross.
plate, whence frames are carried along outside the fire-box and the hind
wheels, with cross stiffeners or girders, as required; or the frames may
be carried on continuously, first inside the driving and other front

page_text: wheels, then bent out to clear the fire-box, and then carried along
outside the hind wheels or bogie wheels. If the locomotive is used for
a line with any sharp curve or curves I apply a bogie behind the fire-
box, and carry such bogic pivotted and with a sliding bearing from a
cross girder passing from one of the said back frames to the other. By
this arrangement I get a fire-box of any required width irrespective of
the gauge of railway; I also obtain a better distribution of the load,
so that I can run a locomotive of a given weight on lighter rails than
heretofore.
NEW OR IMPROVED TELL-TALE MONEY Box
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Bradley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1874.
I, HERBERT BRADLEY, of Bennett Park, Blackheath, in the County
of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "NEW OR IMPROVED TELL-TALE MONEY Box," to be as follows:-
The said money box has for its objects the prevention of fraud by
persons receiving moneys, such as the conductors of omnibusses and
others, herein-after termed "receivers." It is intended, should such use
be approved, that the passengers or persons paying, herein-after termed
"payers" should drop or place their money through a slit or opening
into a compartment with a glass or transparent cover or part, so that
while therein it may be seen but not withdrawn; the transparent cover
or part permitting the amounts to be agreed to between payers and
receivers.
Also it is intended that the compartment should have a sliding, tilting,
or moving bottom or tray, or part herein-after termed "bottom," which
on being slided, tilted, or moved should allow or cause the money to

page_text: drop or be passed into a store chamber, which, if desired, may be provided
with lock and key, or be placed under seal, such dropping or passage
of the money to take place before another payer drops or places fresh
money into the compartment.
By the action of sliding, tilting, or moving the bottom, or simul-
taneously therewith any convenient counting, registering, or recording
dial, pointer, or marker is also brought into action, by which the desired
check upon the receiver is obtained.
When different fares or sums have to be received separate boxes may
be provided; or one box may be fitted up with two or more repetitions
of the necessary parts, the particular "bottom" for each separate value
of fare or sum to be received actuating its own counter, recorder, or
marker; or the registration of the number of payers may be independent
of the actual sums paid.
$6
It will be convenient sometimes to place the box on the door of an
omnibus, and sometimes to make the opening of a door to work the
bottom," and the counter, recorder, or tilter, and sometimes to provide
the box with fittings, so that it may be conveniently attached to or
carried by the body of the receiver, leaving his hands free.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH OR OTHER SIMILAR BONNETS, CAPS, OR HATS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Cunningham and
Alexander Douglas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th March 1874.
We, DAVID CUNNINGHAM, of Stewarton, in the County of Ayr, North
Britain, and ALEXANDER DOUGLAS, of Kilmarnock, in the same County,
Scotch Bonnet Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH OR OTHER SIMILAR
BONNETS, CAPS, OR HATS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements on and developments or
simplifications of the Invention described in the Provisional Specification
lodged by the present applicants, with their application for a Patent,
dated 27th January of the present year (No. 336).
By the present Invention the fabric for some forms of cap, such as
glengarries, is woven in two plies instead of four, as described in the said
earlier Provisional Specification, but the weaving is done on the same
principle, a suitable shape being got by the jacquard action, whilst the
two plies are joined in the weaving along a curved line, so that no
seaming by hand is subsequently required.

page_text: By a further modification which may be more convenient in some
cases the fabric is woven in two or three plies and so that only one seam
requires to be done afterwards by hand instead of two or more, as would
be required with a fabric woven in the ordinary way.
And by still another modification suitable for "broad-crowned" caps, t
the fabric is woven in two separate pieces, one for the crown and one for
the band or remaining part, and each woven either as one or as two plies
and shaped as before by the jacquard action.
The various fabrics occupy each but a narrow space in the loom,
particularly in the case of the smaller sizes, and two or more may be 1
woven side by side in the same loom, but of course with separate shuttles
as in ribbon looms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS AND FURNACES, WHEREBY THE HEAT IS UTILIZED FOR THE DRYING OF SEWAGE AND OTHER MATTERS CONTAINING MOISTURE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Solomon Bennett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1874.
I, SOLOMON BENNETT, of Richmond Road, Dalston, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COKE OVENS AND FURNACES, WHEREBY
THE HEAT IS UTILIZED FOR THE DRYING OF SEWAGE AND OTHER MATTERS CONTAINING
MOISTURE," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in constructing coke ovens and furnaces in
such a manner that the heat is utilized for drying sewage and other
matters containing moisture.
The following is an example of my said Invention as applied to coke
ovens:-I construct the oven of an oblong shape with an arched roof.
The front of the said oven is suitably divided by an arch in order to
leave an opening between it and the top of the oven, the object of which
is to draw out the charge at once. The heat from the calcination of the
coal is made to circulate through parallel facs placed at the back
of the oven; the partitions or walls which constitute these ques

page_text: serve as supports for tiles of which I form the top or roof of the said
flues.
Walls are constructed round the tiled surface aforesaid, so as to form
a receptacle to contain the matters to be dried. I form a bed of gypsum
or sulphate of lime or other suitable absorbent over the tiles for the
purpose hereafter described.
When the sewage or other matters containing moisture is introduced
in the above described receptacle a rapid evaporation takes places, the
gypsum bed at once absorbs its own weight of water, and continues to
do so whilst drying. The gypsum when dry recrystallizes and maintains
the beds in good condition as a low heat is all that is required. Sewago
dried by means of the above constructed oven does not loose any of its
volatile properties.
When the material operated upon contains grease as well as water, a