IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD OVENS AND IN THEIR COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Dreyfous, of No. 32, Rue de Bondy, Paris,
France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD
OVENS AND IN THEIR COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF BREAD."-A communication from abroad by Messrs.
Thomas Cauca and Tocanh Aremuntin Coman of Davin Wo
Sealed the 17th March 1868, and dated the 20th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Dreyfous at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1867.
I, SAMUEL DREYFOUS, of No. 32, Rue de Bondy, Paris, France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREAD OVENS AND IN THEIR COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD," that the same is communicated to me from
abroad by Messrs. Thomas Caruso and Joseph Augustin Garau, of Paris, France,
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in a novel arrangement of oven or ovens for
baking bread, and in combining them with the fire-place of a steam engine and
a mechanical kneading trough in such manner so as to make part of the heat
evolved in the furnace of the steam engine subservient for heating the oven or

page_text: ovens and a water tank, whilst the motive power derived from the said engine
serves for working the kneading machine.
The annexed Drawing shows a longitudinal sectional view of one of my
improved arrangements of ovens and parts connected therewith.
c, c, are two ovens situated one above the other, they are made of sheet
iron d, and provided with a lining e of fire-bricks; i is a sheet iron casing
covered by the brickwork j and situated at a suitable distance apart from the
ovens so as to leave open spaces or flues 7 round and between these latter for
the circulation of the heat and gaseous products evolved in the furnace k of
the steam engine k³; m are cleaning holes, and n and o dampers for regulating
the circulation of the heat and gases, and for conducting them into the
chimney x, each of the ovens c is provided with a door f and with view and
test holes g and h; r is a pipe for injecting steam in the interior of the ovens ;
s, a hot water tank, and t a pipe for conducting the hot water to the kneading
trough u, which latter by means of suitable connecting gearing is worked by
the steam engine. For moveable or encampment ovens the outer brickwork j
is replaced by an outer jacket of sheet iron.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Dreyfous in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
DREYFOUS, of No. 32, Rue de Bondy, Paris, France, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Dreyfous, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Dreyfous, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Dreyfous, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAD OVENS
AND IN THEIR COMBINATION WITH VARIOUS APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
BREAD," a communication to me from abroad by Messrs. Thomas Caruso

page_text: and Joseph Augustin Garau, of Paris, France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that 1, the said Samuel Dreyfous, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Dreyfous, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
These improvements consist in a novel arrangement of oven or ovens for
baking bread, and in combining them with the fire-place and steam boiler of
a steam engine and with a mechanical kneading trough to be worked by
the said engine, in such manner as to make part of the heat evolved in the
fire-place of the steam engine subservient for heating the oven or ovens, and
the water of a water tank or pan, whilst the motive power derived from
the steam engine is usefully employed for working the kneading machine or
other mechanical apparatus to be made use of in bread making.
The Invention relates also to an improved arrangement of the oven or ovens
for baking bread, which arrangement allows of the said baking to take place
with a very gradual and continuous heat, the heated gases arising from the
fire-place being allowed to circulate all round the outer part of the oven or
ovens, by which means large quantities of bread may be produced in a com-
paratively short period; whilst either one oven may be made use of or two or
more of them combined together and worked simultaneously, and heated by
the fire-place of the steam engine; although if wished another fire-place or
furnace, more especially intended for heating the oven or ovens, may be made
use of in combination with that of the steam engine.
In the annexed Drawings Fig. 1 shows in outside or elevation view,
1, two ovens situated one above the other in the same outer brickwork,
which latter forms the continuation of that of the fire-place or furnace for the
boiler of the steam engine; 2b, the steam engine boiler of any suitable shape
or size, and part of the engine; 3, the kneading machine constructed
according to any suitable system, and to be worked by the steam engine;
4, a pan or tank imbedded in the brickwork for heating the water required
in bread making, and heating the same by the lost heat from the furnace.
Fig. 2 represents a similar elevation view in which the ovens, the fire-place,
steam boiler, and hot water pan are shown in vertical sectional view; Fig. 3

page_text: shows a horizontal sectional view of one of the ovens and fire-place taken
over the dotted line a, of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 represents a vertical longitudinal
sectional view of the same arrangement with one oven only instead of two.
In these Figures the same letters refer to corresponding parts.
c are the ovens for receiving the lumps of dough to be baked into bread.
These ovens consist of a casing d of sheet iron or other suitable metal, and
they are lined in the inside with fire-bricks, fire-clay, or any other suitable
fire-resisting material e; each of the ovens is provided at each of the two
opposite front sides with a door f for filling the oven, and afterwards taking
out the contents; g are spy holes provided with a glass pane for lighting the
inside of the oven; h are test holes; i is an outer casing of sheet iron or other
suitable metal imbedded in the outer brickwork j, leaving a sufficiently large
open space all round each of the ovens for allowing the heat evolved by the fuel in
the fire-place k of circulating between the said casing i and the ovens c; the
flues thus formed may be strengthened by cross beams or stays, or other suitable
means; m are openings provided with doors for allowing to clean the flues 1,
the heat to circulate in which latter being regulated by means of the valves
or registers; n, o, are similar registers for the better graduation of the heat.
Each of the said registers, valves, or damper plates is fixed on a rod, the
ends of which protrude through the outside of the brickwork j, where they
are provided with handles p for working the said registers, and thus open
and shut the flues according as required; 9 are pyrometers; r is a pipe con-
nected to the upper part of the steam boiler for allowing to inject steam into
the ovens; s is a small tank or pan imbedded in the brickwork for heating the
water required for the kneading machine u, and connected to this latter by
the pipe t; vare brackets for the oven doors to rest on when opened; x, the
chimney or stack for the fire-place k. For encampment ovens the outer
brickwork is replaced by a metal casing of sheet iron, or other suitable
metal, between which and the casing i is left a suitable distance apart which
is to be filled with earth or any other suitable bad heat conducting medium.j
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of the Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be put into effect, I wish it
to be understood that I do not intend to restrict myself to the precise details
of the Invention above described as many variations may be made therein
without deviating from the main features of the Invention; but what I
consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1. Combining the fire-place for the boiler of a steam engine with a bread
oven or ovens in order that the said oven or ovens and the said boiler may be

page_text: heated simultaneously by the heat arising from the fuel of the said fire-place,
whilst the engine serves for working a kneading machine or other suitable
apparatus subservient in bread making.
2. The general arrangement of the oven or ovens constructed in such
manner as to allow the heat arising from the fire-place of the steam engine
connected to the said oven or ovens of circulating round these latter for the
purpose of heating simultaneously the said oven or ovens and the boiler of
the steam engine, and if wished a water tank or pan.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Dreyfous, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
A. G. BRADE.
DREYFOUS. (L.S.)
ENG. CIVIL.