Improvements in Machines for Manufacturing and Driving Rivets, Studs, or Nails used principally in the Manufacture of Coverings for the Feet.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application 10th Mar., 1894
Complete Specification Left. 10th Jan. 1895-Accepted, 10th Apr., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Manufacturing and Driving Rivets,
Studs, or Nails used principally in the Manufacture of Coverings
for the Feet.
We, THOMAS GARE, Engineer, and THE GARE MACHINE CO., LIMITED,
Engineers, both of Hopes Carr, Stockport, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
These improvements relate partly to an invention for which Letters Patent
No. 16,303, dated Sept. 25th 1891, have been granted to the said Thomas Gare,
consisting principally of a machine comprising means for feeding sprig, rivet or
nail material of continuous lengths, means for forming therefrom and driving, in a
successive manner, sprigs, rivets or nails, and means for supporting the object.
under operation, parts of which improvements are also applicable to other similar
machines.
The object of our present invention is firstly, to provide means for forming and
driving in one machine successively headed rivets, studs or nails, which means will:
be more reliable in action and produce a better head and point on the rivet, stud,
or nail without any waste of material, and secondly, to provide means for more.
accurately regulating automatically or otherwise the length of the rivet, stud, or nail.
to be formed and driven in accordance with the varying thickness of the object
under operation, or as may be required for different purposes, thirdly, to provide.
means whereby rivets, studs, or nails can be driven into the object under operation
at an incline thereto and the clinching of rivets is facilitated.
In carrying out our improvements we employ a movable head part carrying an
awl and laterally stationary driver operated by a suitable cam or projection and a
born as support for the object to be operated upon similar as described in the.
Specification belonging to the Letters Patent aforesaid, or a last and jack may.
be used.
Upon the stationary head part we employ a two part die bar one part of which
is stationary and the other rendered laterally movable preferably by hinging it to
a fulcrum and placing it under the influence of a spring. The inner side of each:
of the said bar parts we furnish with a die having a vertical groove countersunk at
the upper end and roughened below in such a manner that when the said two die.
parts are closed the said grooves form a vertical hole which serves as a die for the
heading of the rivet, stud, or nail and the roughening thereof to offer more security.
in the object into which they are driven. Above and in contact with the said die we
employ a bar to move on a fulcrum which may be that of the said two part die bar. :
The said bar has a vertical hole which serves as a guide in feeding the rivet, stud,
or nail material into the two part die and a hole for the reception of a heading
punch which operates in conjunction with the two part die and serves also to push
the rivet, stud, or nail when finished into a throat employed below the die.
In lieu of countersinking the two part heading die it may be formed level and .
he face of the heading punch formed hollow so as to produce rivets, studs, or nails
with raised heads of any suitable shape and design. In some cases we may form
the face of the heading punch with a projecting rib adapted to form a slit across;
the head of the rivet, stud or nail in imitation of a screw head. In the underside.

page_text: of the said bar is employed in connection with the said feed or guide hole a suitably
shaped die and cutter combined formed in two parts and rendered interchangeable,
the said bar having thus three functions, viz., that of guiding the rivet, stud or nail
material when being fed, that of simultaneously pointing and cutting the rivet, stud
or nail and that of guiding the heading punch.
In some cases we may attach to the movable part of the die and cutter combined
a link adapted to release the rivet, stud, or nail material from the grip of the said
dies after having pressed the point on the rivet, stud or nail material and cut the
same.
The movable part of the die and cutter combined is operated by a suitable lever
and cam, the said lever having a cam face or projection which in the meantime
preliminary closes the said two part or heading die. The heading punch is
actuated by a hammer having a fork embracing it and fixed upon a shaft suitably
oscillated by means of a lever under the influence of a spring and a cam operating
the said lever.
In order to permit more accurately and reliably of automatically or otherwise
regulating the length of rivet, stud or nail to be cut from the material according to
the varying thickness of the object under operation or as may be required, we
interpose between the ordinary feed roller shaft and the horn shaft the following
mechanism.
Upon the feed roller shaft we employ a small friction pulley having oscillating
on its shaft a radial lever carrying a double armed lever one end of which carries a
segmental friction pawl adapted to alternately engage and release the said friction
pulley and the other end being under the influence of a spring and operated upon
by a rotating cam and controlled in its movement by a rod or arm arranged to rise
and fall in harmony with the horn or work support or by a stud rendered adjustable
by hand. The said raising and falling rod or arm serves to regulate the movement
of the said friction pawl lever according to the varying thickness of the object
under operation, whilst the adjustable stud renders the said rod or arm inoperative
after a certain length of rivet, stud or nail has been exceeded and thus cause the
same to be cut at uniform length until the said rod or arm drops below the level of
the said stud when it, will come into operation again.
By the use of the friction feed described the rivet, stud or nail material
may be fed in length to a much finer degree than would be possible with a
ratchet wheel and pawl. In some cases we may dispense with the said rising
and falling rod or arm and the said adjustable stud may also be applied in con-
nection with a ratchet and pawl feed motion. For certain purposes in lieu of
mounting the horn for the support of the object under operation vertically, we
mount the same at an incline preferably by furnishing the top of the horn shaft
with a bracket having a shalt or stud positioned at an incline to the said horn shaft
upon which inclined shaft or stud the horn is permitted to turn. The object under
operation placed upon the horn is thus presented at an incline to the rivet, stud, or
nail in the throat so as to cause the same to be driven into the object under
operation inclined thereto. The supporting surface of the horn we form with
serrations or we roughen the same otherwise which has a tendency of spreading the
point of the rivet, stud, or nail and thus facilitate the clinching thereof, or it may
have a groove for the said purpose.
The means described for feeding the rivet, stud, or nail material, for pointing,
heading and driving the rivets, studs, or nails operate in conjunction with each other
as follows:-
When feeding the rivet, stud or nail material the feed or guide hole in the said
bar and that in the two part heading die below are positioned vertically in a line
with each other the latter being slightly open so as to allow of the said material
being fed a certain distance into the said die. The outer part of the combined die
and cutter is then forced towards the respective stationary part and the rivet, stud,
or nail material being between the same, is pressed to a point and at the same time
severed, the pointing and cutting of the rivet, stud, or nail being effected entirely

page_text: by pressure. The movable part of the machine head then slides to the right and
by frictional contact locks the heading die securely together as well as bringing the
heading punch in arrear of the feed or guide hole over the rivet, stud or nail piece
severed which when in line-punches a head onto the latter. The sliding part of
the machine then moves a little to the left sufficient to release the part of the
heading die which is previously pressed against the other by contact with the head.
The hammer then being still over the head of the rivet, stud, or nail in the heading
The
die receives a second thrust and releases the same from the grip of the die.
heading punch is then lifted by the fork on the hammer so as to permit a second
movement of the head to the left which brings the feed or guide hole in the bar in
line over the die hole and throat again. At the same time the feeding of the
material takes place which causes the finished rivet, stud or nail to be pushed into
the throat which on the return movement of the head to the right brings the said
rivet, stud, or nail below the driver of the machine.
The machine described with slight modifications may also be used for other
rivetting, studing or nailing purposes, for instance, for leather belting, hose piping
and the like.
Date: Och I….. SML 1004
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
Agents to Applicants.
Improvements in Machines for Manufacturing and Driving Rivets,
Studs, or Nails used principally in the Manufacture of Coverings
for the Feet.
We, THOMAS GARE, Engineer, and THE GARE MACHINE CO., LIMITED,
Engineers, both of Hopes Carr, Stockport, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
These improvements relate partly to an invention for which Letters Patent
No. 16,303 dated Sept. 25th 1891, have been granted to the said Thomas Gare,
for a machine comprising means for feeding sprig, rivet, or nail material of
continuous lengths, means for forming therefrom and driving in a successive
mauner, sprigs, rivets, or nails, and means for supporting the object under operation,
parts of which improvements are also applicable to other similar machines.
The object of our present invention is, firstly, to provide means for forming and
driving in one machine successively headed rivets, studs, or nails, which means will
be more reliable in action and produce a better head and point on the rivet, stud,
or nail without any waste of material, and, secondly, to provide means for more
accurately regulating automatically or otherwise the length of the rivet, stud or nail
to be formed and driven in accordance with the varying thickness of the object
under operation or as may be required for different purposes, thirdly, to provide.
means whereby rivets, studs, or nails can be driven into the object under operation
at an incline thereto.
And in order that our invention may be more fully understood we have caused
to be appended hereunto two sheets of drawings marked with letters of reference
indicating like parts in the various figures.
Fig. 1, Sheet I, is a front view of the head portion and Fig. 2 a side of the head
and horn portion of a machine constructed in accordance with our invention.
Fig. 3 is a sectional front view of the hammer shaft and cam, and
Figs. 4 & 5 are respectively a sectional front view and a side view of the upper
portion of the material feeding device.

page_text: Figs. 6, 10, 12 & 13 Sheet II, are sectional front views of the rivet, etc., forming
.device.
Fig. 7 is a sectional side view of Fig. 6,
Fig. 9 a front view of the die bars and adjacent parts and
Figs. 8, 11 & 14 plans of Figs. 6, 10 & 12 respectively.
Figs. 15 & 16 show modifications of the heading punch and dies.
In carrying out our improvements and referring to Sheet I, we employ a movable
head part a actuated laterally intermittently by a suitably shaped cam fixed on the
driving shaft, carrying an awl ; a stationary head part a carrying a laterally
stationary driver c operated by a suitable can or projection; and a horn d as
support for the object to be operated upon or a last and jack may be used in place,
of the horn.
The head part a is actuated laterally intermittently by a cam on the driving shaft
similarly as described in Specification belonging to the Letters Patent aforesaid,
however instead of employing a cam with a double or triple throw and dwells
as described in the said Specification we employ a cam formed and timed to
actuate during one revolution the head part a, as follows, viz. first, to move the
said head to the left to permit the heading dies to open slightly and then cause
the bead to dwell, whilst the rivet, etc., previously made is released from the grip
of the said die and pushed down the same; second, to move the said head further
to the left and bring the rivet, etc., material guide over the die and the throat in
line with the latter and then cause the said head to dwell whilst the rivet, etc.
material is fed into the heading dies, a rivet blank is severed, and the respective
end of the material is pointed and the heading die preliminary closed; third, to move
the said head to the right and cause it to dwell whilst the previously formed
rivet, etc., is driven and the blank in the dies is headed, thus producing always a
rivet, etc., in advance.
Upon the stationary head part a' we employ a two part die bar e, e¹, the part el
being stationary and the part e laterally movable and under the influence of a
spring (see Fig. 11, Sheet II). By preference we hinge the die bar e, el, to a
fulcrum or stud 9 screwed into the stationary head part a¹. The inner side of each
of the bar parts e, e', we furnish with a die h, h', respectively, having a vertical
groove i, which when brought together, see Figs. 10 & 11, Sheet II, form a die
hole, which in connection with another bar k serves for the formation of the rivet,
stud, or nail. The grooves i may be roughened near their upper ends so as to grip
the rivet, etc., material minore securely during the formation of the head and point
and to provide it with impressions which give the rivet, etc., more security in the
object into which it is afterwards driven. The bar is employed above and in
contact with the dies h, h', and adapted to move preferably on a fulcrum which
may be the stud g. The bark has a vertical hole which serves as a guide in
feeding the rivet, etc., material m into the dies h, h', and a hole for the reception
of a punch m which operates in conjunction with the dies h, h¹, and serves to head
and afterwards push the rivet, stud, or nail formed a short distance down the
dies h, h', or altogether into the throat n employed below the latter. The upper ends
of the dies h, h¹ are formed with a countersunk part adapted to receive the respec-
tive end of the punch m'. The bottom of the said countersunk part may be
bevelled and the face of the punch m¹ formed level, as shown in Figs. 6-13, or the
bottom of the said countersunk part in the dies h, h', may be formed level, as shown
in Fig. 15, and the face of the punch m' slightly hollow so as to produce rivets,
studs, or nails with raised heads of any suitable shape and design. The latter form.
of dies and punch is however preferable as the rivet, etc., will be laterally retained
by the punch m' and thus released from the grip of the dies h, h', when they open
owing to the rivet head being in the punch m. It also obviates the necessity of
imparting a second thrust to the punch to push the rivet, etc., down the die. The
lower end of the punch in shape and diameter corresponds with that of the counter-
sunk part in the die h, 4, and is thereby always retained in a line with the rivet, etc.,
thus ensuring the head being formed concentrically on the same. In some cases we

page_text: may form the face of the punch m' with a projecting rib m², see Fig. 16, adapted
to press a slit across the head of the rivet, etc., in imitation of a screw or split head.
In the underside of the bar k is employed in connection with the feed or guide
hole a combined die and cutter o, o¹, see more particularly Figs. 1, 2, 7, 8 & 9,
formed in two parts and rendered interchangeable, the said bar k having thus three
functions, viz., that of guiding the rivet, etc., material m when being fed, that of
carrying the die and cutter combined which simultaneously points the rivet, etc.,
material and severs a blank therefrom, and that of carrying and guiding the
punch m'. The inner ends of the combined die and cutter o, o', see Fig. 7, are
bevelled off and in severing the rivet, etc., material press a chisel point onto the end
of the rivet, etc., material. The combined die and cutter part o¹ we may
with a link a adapted to release the rivet, etc., material from the grip of the
stationary die and cutter part o after the formation of the point on the rivet, etc.,
material and the severing of the rivet, etc., blank. For the purpose of also
releasing the rivet, etc., from the grip of the dies h, h', the stationary die h¹ may
also be furnished with a similar link.
furnish
and a reciprocating
The movable die and cutter part of is operated by a lever
cam pl, on the awl slide, see Sheet I, the lever p having a cam face p³ or projection
which in the meantime preliminary closes the two part heading die h, h', by coming
into contact with the die bar e, see Fig. 11. The punch m¹ is actuated by a
hammer 9 having a fork q¹ embracing it and fixed upon a shaft 93 carrying at its
back end an arm q³, see Figs. 2 & 3, Sheet I, under the influence of a spring q
and acted upon by a'cam 95 secured upon the driving shaft r which cam is formed
with two throws, see Fig. 3, when it is intended to impart two thrusts to the
punch m. Upon the movable head part a we secure a bracket v, see Figs. 1 & 2
and Figs. 6, 12 & 13, Sheet II, which serves as a support for the front ends of the
die bars e, e¹, and being furnished with an adjustable stud v' as an abutment for
the movable die bar e. Another bracket w, see Figs. 1, 2 & 9, is secured to the
movable head part a in front of the bracket which serves as a support for the
front end of the movable die bar e and being furnished with adjustable studs w¹, w²,
as an abutment for the bar k.
In order to permit more accurately and reliably of automatically or otherwise
regulating the length of rivet, etc., to be cut from the material m according to the
varying thickness of the object under operation or otherwise as may be required,
we interpose between the ordinary feed roller shaft r¹ and the horn shafts, see
Sheet 1, the following mechanism :-
Upon the feed roller shaft r we employ a small friction pulley 2, see Figs. 4 & 5,
having oscillating on its shaft la radial lever t carrying a double armed lever u,
one arm of which carries a segmental friction pawl t' adapted to alternately engage
and release the friction pulley 2 and the other arm being under the influence of a
spring and operated upon by a rotating cam u¹ secured upon the driving shaft r.
The lever u is controlled in its movement by a rod or arm u² fixed to and arranged
to rise and fall in harmony with the horn or work support shaft s and in connection
with a stud rendered adjustable by hand in the framework of the machine. The
raising and falling rod or arm u² serves to regulate the movement of the friction
pawl lever u according to the varying thickness of the object under operation,
whilst the adjustable stud u³ renders the rod or arm u² inoperative after a certain
length of rivet, stud or nail has been exceeded and thus cause the same to be cut
at uniform length until the upper end of the rod or arm u² rises above the level of
the stud us when it will come into operation again.
By the use of the friction feed described the rivet, stud, or nail material may be
fed in length to a much finer degree than would be possible with a ratchet wheel
and pawl. For certain purposes in lieu of mounting the horn d for the support of
the object under operation vertically, we mount the same to swivel at an incline to
the horn shafts, see Fig. 2, preferably by furnishing the top of the horn shaft s
with a bracket & having a shaft or stud s² positioned at an incline to the horn
shaft s, or the upper end of the latter may be cranked at an incline and the

page_text: horn d permitted to swivel thereon. The object under operation placed upon
the horn d is thus presented at an incline to the rivet, stud, or nail in the throat n
so as to cause the same to be driven into the object under operation inclined
thereto. The supporting surface of the horn d we form with serrations or we
roughen the same otherwise which has a tendency of spreading the point of the
rivet, stud, or nail and thus facilitate the clinching thereof, or it may have a groove
for the said purpose.
The means described for feeding the rivet, stud, or nail material for pointing
heading and driving the rivets, studs, or nails and the cam on the driving shaft r
which actuates the movable head part a operate in conjunction with each other-
as follows:-
When feeding the rivet, stud, or nail material m, the feed or guide hole in the
bark and the hole i in the two part heading die h, h', are positioned vertically in a
line with each other, as shown in Figs. 6, 7 & 8, h, h being slightly open so as to
allow of the rivet, etc., material m being fed a certain distance into it whilst the
head part a is dwelling. The movable part o¹ of the combined die and cutter is
then forced towards the respective stationary part o by the cam p¹ and lever P, the
cam face on the lever p coming into contact with the die har e to preliminary
close the dies h, h, see more particularly Fig. 11, whilst the point is formed and a
rivet, etc., blank is severed from the rivet, etc., material m simultaneously by pressure,
see Fig. 7. The movable head part a by the respective cam on the driving shaft
is then caused to move to the right and the stud abuting against the movable die
bar e locks the heading dies h, h¹, securely together, see Figs. 10 & 11, and the
stud abuting in the meantime, against the die bark brings the heading punch m¹
in line over the rivet, stud, or nail blank severed whilst the head a dwells and the
previously made rivet is driven into the object under operation, see Fig. 10.
Whilst the head a is still dwelling, the punch m¹ is actuated by the hammer
punches a head onto the rivet blank. The movable head part a is then caused to
move a little to the left, by the aforesaid cam, sufficient to release the die bar e
see Fig. 12, in which position the head a dwells. The punch m¹ then being still
over the head of the rivet, stud, or nail in the heading die h, h¹, receives a second
thrust pushing down and thereby releasing the rivet, etc., from the grip of the
die h, h: The heading punch m¹ is then lifted by the fork q¹, so as to permit the
head part a being moved by the aforesaid cam and thus the bar k by contact
therewith further to the left which brings the feed or guide hole in the bar k in
line over the die hole i and throat n again, see Fig. 6. The head part a then
dwells and the feeding of the material takes place which causes the finished rivet,
stud, or nail if not previously removed by the punch m to be pushed into the
throat n which on the return movement of the head a to the right; caused by
the said cam, brings the said rivet, stud, or nail below the driver c of the machine,
see Fig. 13.
and
The machine described with slight modifications may also be used for other
rivetting, studing, or nailing purposes, for instance, for leather belting, hose piping
and the like.
The rivet, etc., material feeding device and inclined horn described may also be
used in connection with other rivetting, nailing or studing machines than that
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim, is-
"In machines for the manufacture and driving of rivets, studs or nails used
principally in the manufacture of boots."
1st. A head part a adapted to move laterally and to dwell at times and in the
manner substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2nd. In combination with a laterally movable head part a, specified in the
preceding claim, a two part heading die bar e, e¹, and a rivet, etc., material-guide

page_text: bar k, one of the die bars e, e¹ being stationary and the other as well as the guide
bar k movable laterally, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
3rd. The guide bar k, specified in the preceding claim, formed with a rivet, etc.,
material feed hole 1, below which is employed in the said bar a die and cutter o, o'
combined, one part of which is stationary and the other movable, the said die and
cutter being adapted to simultaneously press a point onto the rivet, etc., material
and sever a blank therefrom, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4th. The guide bar k, specified in Claims 2 & 3, arranged to carry a punch m' in
combination with a hammer 9 adapted to thrust upon the said punch and raise it
out of the dies h, h', all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5th. Forming the face of the punch m', specified in the preceding claim, hollow
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6th. Forming the face of the punch m', specified in Claim 4 & 5, with a rib m²,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
7th. Forming the two part die h, h', in the bars e, e', specified in Claim II, at its
upper end with a countersunk part adapted to receive the lower end of the punch m¹,
all substantially as set forth.
8th. The arm or rod u² attached to and rising and falling in harmony with the
horn shaft s in combination with a stud u³ to be adjusted by hand in the frame of
the machine, both adapted to control the action of a pawl lever u employed to
rotate intermittently the roller shaft which feeds the rivet, etc. material into the
machine, all substantially as set forth.
9th. The feed roller shaft r furnished with a pulley and an arm t adapted to
oscillate thereon, carrying a two armed lever u one arm of which carries a friction
pawl t adapted to alternately engage and release the said pulley and the other
under the influence of a spring, being operated upon by a cam u on the driving
shaft r, all substantially as set forth.
10th. In combination with a horn shaft, a horn d adapted to swivel thereon at an
incline to the axes of the horn shaft all substantially as set forth.
Dated this 9th day of January 1895.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester, Agents to Applicants.