matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PAD FOR HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Marlor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1869.
I, CHARLES MARLOR, of the Firm of James Marlor and Sons, of
Denton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAD FOR HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER
COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to produce an improved pad for
lining hats, caps, and other coverings. for the head, which at the same
time that it is soft and easy fitting to the head is also perfectly grease
proof.
The Invention consists principally in combining a pad of soft material
(such as that known in the trade as "swan's down") with a covering
of silk, satin, or other similar woven material by the interposition of
a thin sheet of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other similar substance
which becomes adhesive on the application of heat thereto.
I take a piece of soft material, such as "swan's down," of the width
of the proposed pad, and I lay it upon a piece of silk, sarsanet, satin,
or other similar suitable material, of rather greater width interposing

page_text: a thin sheet of gutta percha or india-rubber, and then fold the edges
of the silk or other similar woven material over the former. I then
pass a heated iron over the whole, which will have the effect of causing
the whole to adhere together, forming a soft pad which is at the same
time perfectly grease proof and requires no sewing or stitching to keep
it together. I may here observe that varnish or other similar substances
might be employed in place of the sheet gutta percha or india-rubber
to render the pad impervious, and to cause the parts to adhere together,
but for many reasons I consider the latter preferable.
AN IMPROVED CASE OR PORTFOLIO FOR FILING MUSIC AND BUSINESS AND OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ellen Simcoc at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 11th.
December 1869..
I, ELLEN SIMCOE, of Harpenden, in the County of Wilts, do liereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CASE OR
PORTFOLIO FOR FILING MUSIC AND BUSINESS AND OTHER PAPERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed to hold music and other papers temporarily
in cases or portfolios more securely than heretofore, and to enable any
particular piece of music or business or other paper to be readily
removed when required without tearing, the same, and to be easily
replaced. I propose to effect these objects by the following means, that
is to say: To the back of the case or portfolio, which should be formed
of some rigid substance, wood for example, and at the inner side thereof,
I hinge or otherwise connect near one edge two pins, and near the other
edge of the said back and opposite to each of the aforesaid pins I fix a
piece of metal to receive and hold the said pins by their ends. I also
employ thin pieces or strips of sheet metal, each having two projecting

page_text: parts, in each of which said parts a hole is made so as to come opposite
to and pass over each of the before-mentioned pins.
To file music or other papers in a case or portfolio thus constructed it
is simply necessary to open the music and force the projecting parts of
one of the aforesaid strips of metal through the fold or back of the
piece of music, then pass the holes in the said strip over the aforesaid
pins, and so on for each piece of music, after whieh the ends of the pins
are forced into and locked in their respective clips before described,
and thus the music may be held and used as a book.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER HANGINGs
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smith and John Higgin-
bottom at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th November 1869.
We, ROBERT SMгтн, of the Heywood, Higginbottom, Smith, and
Company, Limited, Paper Staining Works, Hyde Road, Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, and JOHN HIGGINBOTтом, of the same Place,
Sub-Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER HANGINGs," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is particularly beneficial when applied in the printing
of glazed paper hangings, but it may be applied to other descriptions of
paper hangings.
The nature of our Invention consists in the application of steam or
moisture to the surface of the paper before it is printed or otherwise
ornamented, whereby the surface is prepared or brought into the proper
condition for taking the various colours or designs.
In performing our Invention we employ a perforated pipe or other
equivalent, to which the steam or water is admitted or shut off wher

page_text: required by a stop-cock. The steam or water escaping through the
perforations of this pipe acts on the face of the paper and causes it to
expand slightly, and at the same time to be moistened and warmed; the
paper thus prepared or conditioned passes immediately to the cylinder of
the ordinary printing machine, or to any other machine or apparatus by
which the pattern or design is to be produced. In some cases it may be
necessary to apply the steam or moisture to the paper after the design or
pattern has been produced to prevent the edges curling and bending
during the process of drying; the steam also renders the paper less brittle
and liable to tear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CLIPPING AND CLEANSING THE HAIR OF ANIMALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hickman Reade at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Potition, on the
4th September 1869.
I, WILLIAM HICKMAN READE, of Great Sutton Street, Clerkenwell,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
CLIPPING AND CLEANSING THE HAIR OF ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in applying to animal "clippers" now in
use, or to others specially adapted for the purpose, a mechanical or
clockwork motive power, whereby the clippers may be actuated and the
necessary clipping action sustained by such power, and thus render the
operation of clipping less fatiguing and more prompt than the various
modes of clipping by hand hitherto in use. Also the use and application
with the machinery above described of revolving cutters, or blades, or
shears, or of blades or shears acting scythe or scissor fashion for the
purposes of clipping, cutting, or shearing; further the use and applica-
tion of curry combs, or brushes specially adapted to the above machinery,
to be used for the purposes of cleansing the hair of animals or otherwise.

page_text: The improvements may be conveniently carried into effect by attach-
ing to the "double comb clip " or to any desired clip or clippers an
ordinary clock motion actuated by a spring, and having a regulator, such
clock motion being conveniently held between plates or supports, to
which also may be fixed or attached the clips, or blades, or brushes,
as the case may be, and the motion from the clockwork to such blades
or brushes may be given by the means of levers, rods, cams, pinions,
spur wheels, eccentrics, or in any other convenient manner.
The improvements are also applicable to cutting and brushing human
hair, and for such purpose any convenient cutters or brushes may be
used in conjunction with the said machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDE CARRIAGES AND VEHICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1869.
I, SIDNEY JOHNSON, of West Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
VELOCIPEDE CARRIAGES AND VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to velocipedes used on land and water, and
consists in constructing the same in the following manner :-
First. As regards velocipedes to be used on land, I form the same
with three wheels connected to and supporting the body of the
carriage, the seat whereof comes over the axle of the two running
wheels, which are made very much larger in diameter than the third
or front wheel, which is placed at the front of the body of the carriage
and employed to steer or direct the same as required. Within the
aforesaid body and about midway between the axles of the front and
back wheels a two-throw crank shaft is mounted and revolves in
bearings. A grooved pulley is fixed on each end of this shaft, and
other grooved pulleys are fixed on the axle of the running wheels within
the body of the carriage; over each pair of these pulleys an endless gut

page_text: or band passes so that when rotary motion is imparted to the aforesaid
cranks by the feet of the person seated in the carriage rotatory motion
will be imparted to the running wheels, thereby propelling the carriage
with a velocity equal to the difference between the diameters of the
pulleys on the crank shaft and those on the axle of the running wheels.
For example, suppose the pulleys on the crank shaft to be twice the
diameter of those on the axle it follows that one revolution of the crank
shaft will produce two revolutions of the running wheels, which if
three feet in diameter would move over nine feet of ground at each
revolution.
To steer a velocipede thus constructed I employ reins, the ends
whereof are fixed to a lever bar fixed on the upper end of the forked
bar which carries the steering wheel, so that the steering may be
effected after the manner of driving a horse. I employ a brake lever
and brake block, suitably placed for retarding or stopping the motion
when required.
And I would here remark that if preferred I employ toothed wheels
instead of the pulleys and bands above described for propelling the
vehicle, and I propose to form or cover the teeth of the said wheels with
some material that shall render their movement noisless.
And as regards velocipedes to be used on water, the only difference in
their construction from the land velocipede above described consists in
substituting paddle wheels in the place of the running wheels, and an
ordinary rudder in lieu of the steering wheel.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LOCK FASTENINGS FOR EXPANDING CASES AND BOXES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1869.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of the Firm of Johnson and Rowe, of Gough
Square, in the City of London, Manufacturers of Fancy Leather Goods,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN LOCK FASTENINGS FOR EXPANDING CASES AND BOXES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a lock fastening for bill cases
and other expanding cases and boxes which will adjust itself to any
capacity to which the said case or box may be expanded.
My Invention consists in the employment of a hasp plate which is
free to slide on a strap passed round the case or box in the ordinary
manner. The strap is formed with slots at suitable distances apart, and
the hasp plate is moved on the strap so that the hasp may pass through
that slot which according to the capacity for the time being of the
case or box comes over the ordinary lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Muir at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1869.
I, ANDREW MUIR, of the Victoria Bridge Works, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of velocipėde in which the front
wheel is made into the driving wheel by having half cranks upon its axle,
upon which the driver places his feet direct without the necessity of using
connecting rods and levers, and consists in making the saddle spring
bar of such velocipedes adjustable in height, so as to be available for
any rider by the use and application of screws to the lower extremity
of the back springs, which, in the case of this Invention, pass loosely
through holes formed at or near the junction of the main bar with the
axle of the back wheel or wheels, and are secured at any height by
lock nuts; or the adjustment may be made by the use and application
of one or two screws to the upper extremities of the back springs, which
screws pass through holes formed in the saddle spring bar, and are
mado adjustable to any height by the use of lock nuts.

page_text: This Invention further relates to an arrangement for more securely
fixing the saddle upon the saddle bar, and consists in forming one
or more projections or studs upon the under side of the saddle which fit
into holes formed in the saddle bar, and thus prevent the saddle from
moving from the position in which it is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE ADMISSION OF AIR TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES ARRANGED FOR CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMIZING FUEL
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Booth, William Peel
Gaulton, and Joseph Walls at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th March 1869.
We, EDWARD BOOTH, WILLIAM PEEL GAULTON, and JOSEPH WALLS,
all of the Ashton Old Road Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE ADMISSION
OF AIR TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES ARRANGED FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
AND ECONOMIZING FUEL," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to apparatus for admitting and regulating
the supply of air through the furnace door, or through orifices at the
front of the furnace, or at the bridge or bridges, or at other parts of
the furnace when such supply of air is required only for a period
after each fresh supply of fuel, the full supply of air being admitted
immediately after each "fireing," and is afterwards gradually shut off.
Our improvements consist in applying an apparatus formed by an
elastic diaphragm, or by a pair of bellows, or by an apparatus somewhat
similar to a small gasometer, sealed with mercury or other fluid, to act

page_text: as a pump to draw in or expel air through a suitable valve, such air
being again driven out or drawn in again slowly through a small orifice
regulated by a tap or valve.
Such an apparatus as one of those above referred to may be mounted
upon the furnace door and connected directly or by levers and rods or
chains with a "grid" or other valve in the fire-door, which valve is
lifted to open the orifices for air when the furnace door is opened or
latched, the latch of the door forming a lever for the purpose. The
act of opening the air valve draws in or expels the air (as the case may
be) from the apparatus above referred unto, and this causes the valve
to be held open, while the slow admission of air to the apparatus
allows the valve gradually to shut and cut off the supply of air.
The apparatus described may be applied and fixed in any convenient
position for regulating the supply of air to any part of the furnace by
a suitable arrangement of rods, chains, levers and weights, and it may
be operated either by hand or by connection with the furnace door.
The air may be first admitted to a chamber within the furnace door and
may then be taken through a central orifice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS USED IN CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shore at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July 1869.
I, JOHN SHORE, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS USED
IN CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in using lead, zinc, or other suitable metal
to strengthen the foundation of cards used in carding engines and other
similar machinery. Either on the face of the cards or between the
layers of cloth, leather, or other material forming the foundation I
place one or more layers of lead, zinc, or other suitable metal which
gives great strength and durability to the card; or for some purposes
molten lead may be poured on the face of the card. This system of
strengthening the foundation of the cards is applicable both to strong
and fine sorts, whether the teeth be round or diamond points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Douglas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1869.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DOUGLAS, of No. 59, High Street, Stourbridge, in
the County of Worcester, Silversmith and Jeweller, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVE FASTENERS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in an improved glove fastener.
The improved glove fastener is made as follows:-In the centre of
the under side of a stud or button I make a screw hole for receiving
the eye or fastener, which consists of a screw with a small plate of :
circular or other suitable form at the bottom, provided with a boss
or projection in the centre in which is an undercut hollow or sink
forming the eye of the fastener. To apply this fastener to a glove a
hole is made in that part of the glove where the button is usually

page_text: placed; through this hole is passed the aforesaid screw on which the
stud or button of the fastener is screwed; the eye in the plate of the
fastener is then passed over a small hook on that part of the glove
usually furnished with a hook.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING COUNTER- PANES OR QUILTS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kippax and James Kippax
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th May 1869.
We, JOHN KIPPAX and JAMES KIPPAX, both of Bolton-le-Moors, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING COUNTER-
PANES OR QUILTS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the manufacture of counterpanes or quilts
ordinarily employed as coverings for beds.
The said quilts are woven with the aid of healds and of jacquard
apparatus, and with designs or patterns, either geometrical or figured.
Two warps are employed, the face warp having twice as many ends as
the back warp. The back warp is attached to or operated upon by the
jacquard, and the face warp by the healds, and one end of the said back
warp is brought through each dent of the reed. Two ends of the face
warp are brought through cach dent, the single end of the back warp
being between the said two ends, and one pick is woven to cach card:
In all places where making the ground the two face ends are lifted, and

page_text: the back end drawn down in each alternate dent, the intermediate dents
having the two face ends drawn down and the back end lifted, these
movements of the ends being reversed at each pick. When making the
raised figure the face ends alone are woven into the weft, the two ends
in each alternate dent being lifted, and the two ends in each intermediate
dent drawn down at onc pick, and at the next pick the ends first
mentioned are drawn down, and the intermediate ends are lifted, the
back ends floating under, thus producing a raised figure in plain or
nearly plain cloth.
In a modification of the above method the back end is at one side of
the two face ends in cach dent instead of being between the two, as
herein above mentioned. In this case when forming the ground the
back end and one face end in each alternate dent are lifted, the other
face end being drawn down, and in each intermediate dent one face end
is lifted, and the other face end, together with the back end, are drawn
down, these movements of the ends being reversed at each pick. When
forming the raised figure the face ends alone are woven into the weft,
one face end in each dent being lifted, and tho other drawn down at
one pick, and reversed at the next pick, as in the weaving of plain
cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th March 1869.-A communication from abroad by Peter Falardo,
of Danbury, in the County of Fairfield, State of Connecticut, United
States of America.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING SCALES." A commu-
nication to me from abroad by Peter Falardo, of Danbury, in the County
of Fairfield, State of Connecticut, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in weighing scales, the object
being to enclose all the parts of the scale, making practically a box or
closed scale, and the Invention consists in combining parallel bars and
vertical supporting rods for the table within a case the sides of which
form the bearings of the said parallel rods.
To enable others to fully understand this Invention I will describe
the same as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which Fig. 1
is a perspective view; Fig. 2 a side view, the side of the case removed to

page_text: show the internal mechanism; and Fig. 3 a rear view the end removed
to show the internal construction.
A is a plate or platform upon which the object to be weighed is
placed. It is fixed upon one or more rods B passing down through
the top C of the case and within the said case the rods B are pivoted
to parallel bars D, D, the other end of the said bars being pivoted at a
directly to the sides of the case as seen in Figs. 2 and 3, and within the
said case is arranged a spiral or other spring E to hold up the platform A,
and so that a depression of the said spring will be caused by the article
placed upon the platform. The said case is formed or rests upon a
platform F so as to enclose the operative parts of the scale. From the
rods B or from other convenient points the indicator G is turned upon
the dial by a rack and pinion or other connection so as to indicate the
depression of the said platform by the article which rests thereon and
the divisions of the dial H are arranged so that the indicator shows the
weight of the article placed upon the platform.
In- PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS PRINTING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Watson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1869.
I, JAMES WATSON, of Montrose, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHIC APPARATUS FOR CONTINUOUS PRINTING," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in electric telegraphic printing
apparatus whereby the characters are printed off continuously upon
sheets of paper of any suitable size in place of narrow tapes so that the
successive lines may be read off at once as in ordinary printed sheets.
For this purpose I mount the paper to be printed by ordinary electric
telegraph printing apparatus upon a cylinder of wood, metal, or other.
suitable material, the cylinder being fitted with a female screw and
arranged to work in combination with a male screw so as to cause the-
cylinder to rotate and travel under suitable telegraphic printing apparatus.
such as is now well known and understood by electric telegraphists.. By
this means the impression will be continuous throughout upon any
suitable size of sheet that may be employed. The sheets are held in

page_text: position upon the cylinder by means of stout elastic india-rubber bands
(or by springs) grasping the paper upon the cylinder at either end. In
order to facilitate the removal of the said sheets they may be perforated
throughout their entire length directly inside the line of pressure of the
bands, springs, or other means employed for holding them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS FOR BAKING AND COOKING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the
27th April 1869.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of Fitzroy Road, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS FOR BAKING
AND COOKING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing ovens of a closed metal
chamber provided with a door or doors at one or both ends or sides,
such door being by preference made of such a width as to allow of a
table or false bottom to the oven being drawn in and out through the
same. This chamber is surrounded by a metal casing so constructed as to
leave a space between it and the chamber on every side, in which space
is contained water. Beneath such outer casing, at any convenient part,
I arrange a furnace or fire-place for heating the water to the required
degree for baking the bread or other substances contained in the oven.
For this purpose I prefer employing liquid or gaseous fuel, such as petro-

page_text: leum, or combustible gases, as by this means the degree of heat obtained
may be regulated with the greatest nicety. The outer casing of the
oven may be enclosed or covered by a material that is a bad conductor
of heat, so as to prevent radiation of heat. Such ovens. may readily be
applied to domestic cooking ranges.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RUNNING WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES MOUNTED ON WHEELS, AND WHEELS AND RIGGERS USED IN MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Coles at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1869.
I, THOMAS COLES, of Fort Place, Sandy Hill, Woolwich, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RUNNING WHEELS OF CARRIAGES AND
OTHER VEHICLES MOUNTED ON WHEELS, AND WHEELS AND RIGGERS USED IN
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to wheels constructed of metal, and consists in
so combining together the several parts thereof, namely, the boss, the
spokes, the felloe, and tire or outer band, as to enable the parts to be
easily and speedily detached from each other for repairs when necessary,
and at the same time when the parts are put together to form a solid
and substantial wheel, which shall be cheap, light, and strong.
The following is an example of the mode of constructing wheels and
riggers according to this Invention, that is to say :-I propose to form
the spokes either of solid wrought-iron rods or hollow tubes, or I form
them of solid iron of an oval or other shape in cross section, and make

page_text: them all of the same length, the ends thereof, either one or both, I form
plain and with a shoulder when not of round iron or tubing, and I form
circular holes or recesses in the bond or felloe to receive the upper ends
of the several spokes. The boss of the wheel I form hollow and in two
parts fitting into each other somewhat similar to the teeth of a man trap;
I also form those parts of the boss that fit on to the axle solid, and make
recesses therein to receive the lower ends of the several spokes, one-half
of the entire number of the spokes being in one half of the boss, and
the other half of the entire number of the spokes in the other half of
the boss, so that the spokes spread out at the boss, but all range in a line
in the bond or felloe, and the length of the said spokes should be such
that where they are inserted into the recesses in the divided boss and
the bond upon forcibly bringing together the aforesaid divided boss it
shall have the effect of so pressing the spokes by their ends into their
respective recesses as to tightly hold them in position between the bond
and the boss of the wheel, as that they form a solid and substantial
wheel for carriages or other vehicles or rigger to carry a band to drive
machinery. The divided parts of the boss I connect and securely hold
together by screw bolts. The spokes of wheels thus constructed are not
liable to become loossened by use or by expansion and contraction of the
parts of which they are formed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING PORTMANTEAUS AND IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Nicholson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th June 1869.
I, WILLIAM HENRY NICHOLSON, of Market Street, in the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Saddler, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING PORTMANTEAUS
AND IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the better security of travelling
portmanteaus, and to dispense with the ordinary straps and buckles
employed in carrying and securing the same, and consists, firstly, in a
peculiar application of spring locks whereby portmanteaus may be
instantly secured when closed without the aid or use of the ordinary
straps and buckles employed for that purpose, and the opening or
closing of portmanteaus rendered more easy and certain.
Secondly. Of the application of a peculiar spring handle for carrying
portmanteaus which is fastened from the inside instead of the outside
of said portmanteaus, whereby it is rendered more secure. I also
employ a spring to said handles, so that when not using they will be held
close to the body of the portmanteau.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON VERMIN-PROOF RICK STANDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1869.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, Senior Partner of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones,
and Bayliss, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, and Cannon Street, in the City of London, Iron Hurdle and
Fencing Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON VERMIN-PROOF RICK STANDS," to be
as follows (that is to say):
-
My improvements in iron rick stands consist in forming the standards
with a screw at the bottom of the broad spreading or other base, which
screw may be made of wrought or cast iron; but at present I prefer to
cast the screw and standard in one piece, arranging the standard proper
in such a manner that a lever may be readily applied for turning the
standard around for the screw to worm itself into the earth until the
base of the standard is in solid contact with it. A proper series of such
standards are intended to be arranged and screwed into the ground, as
before stated, for taking or receiving suitable iron arms and stretchers

page_text: arranged horizontally, and thereby completing the rick stand. This
important addition to rick stands will prevent the rick and stand being
blown or thrown over from high winds or other causes.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Elce and William James
Gradwell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th October 1869.
WC, JOHN ELCE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, and WILLIAM JAMES GRADWELL, of Longsight, near Manchester,
aforesaid, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to throstle spinning and doubling frames,
and it consists in certain improved machinery for facilitating the
operation of doffing the full bobbins and replacing the parts of the
machine in the proper positions for starting a fresh set.
In performing our Invention we make use of a fixed rail between the
bolster and foot step rails; this intermediate rail supports a set of dead
wharves, on to which the driving bands are moved from the driving
wharves by a parallel rod or other equivalent passing under or ovor the
bands; by this means all the spindles in a frame are set at liberty and
the doffing can be effected with facility. Or instead of the intermediate
rail and dead wharves we apply a fast and loose wharve to each spindle,

page_text: and move the bands by means of a rod or other equivalent from the fast
to the loose wharves previous to doffing.
Another part of our Invention consists in the application of a rail,
which is brought against the flyers by a system of levers actuated by a
worm and wheel or other equivalents when the bobbins are full to hold
the flyers while the spindles are turned back to unscrew them; by this
means all the flyers are disconnected from the spindles simultaneously,
and can be lifted off previous to removing the full bobbins and placing
empty ones on the spindles.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING AND PRODUCING FRESH POTABLE WATER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Wainwright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1869.
I, HOWARD WAINWRIGHT, of New York, United States of America,
now of 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
DISTILLING AND PRODUCING FRESH POTABLE WATER," to be as follows:-
To produce fresh potable water from sea water or other water impreg-
nated with foreign substances I convert said impure water into steam,
which I pass through a series of tubes partially or entirely surrounded by
cold water or other liquid, and I convey the water produced from the
condensation of the said steam first through a worm for the purpose of
cooling it, and thence through a filter, and in its progress from the con-
densing tubes to the cooling worm I aerate the said distilled water by
combining with it the vapour and gases which arise from the condensing
water, and also by bringing it in contact with atmospheric air. I make
use of a tubular condenser, into the tubes of which I introduce the
steam generated from the impure water and provided at its entry with
a steam chamber and at its exit with a chamber for the condensed water.

page_text: I connect this latter chamber with a cooling worm and the extremity
of the said worm with a filter, through which the water circulates and
is afterwards drawn off fit for use. For the purpose of cooling and
condensing the said steam I introduce cool water in the vat containing the
After having served for this purpose the said water is conducted
to the tubular condenser, and from thence after it has been charged with
such a degree of heat as to render it unfit for the purposes of conden-
sation it discharges itself through an overflow pipe, the said overflow
is placed some distance from the top of the condenser: That part of the
water situated above receives such additional heat as to emit air and
volatile gases, which I cause to proceed into the chamber for condensed
water above mentioned; from the said chamber I also provide a com-
munication with the external air, by means of which a vacuum is
prevented and atmospheric air admitted.
In- PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Aitken at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
January 1860.
I, HENRY AITKEN, of Falkirk, in the County of Stirling, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
In a certain class of lamps in which pitch or other common or heavy
oils are used as the illuminating agents it has hitherto been the
practice to supply the air necessary to support combustion by forcing
it through a pipe to the burner by means of a fan, blowing engine, or
other air-forcing apparatus. In contradistinction to the above method
this Invention consists in covering the burner with a shade, globe, or
box made wholly or partly of glass, and in exhausting the vitiated air
and products of combustion therefrom, thereby producing a partial vacuum
in the shade, globe, or box into which the air necessary to support com-
bustion flows by the pressure of the atmosphere. To effect this a tube or
connection is attached to the top of the globe, shade, or box made
wholly or partly of glass, in which tube or connection a draught is
caused by means of a jet of steam, water, air, or gas, or by connecting
it to a chimney, condenser, stalk, or boiler flue, or any other means for

page_text: producing a draught may be employed. A metal case is situated on the
top of the shade, globe, or box in which the air contained is heated,
and the heated air is conveyed by tubes to the bottom of the lamp.
where it enters the interior of the lamp by a tube or tubes to mix with
the gas evolved from the oil, and with which it is burnt. The oil for
combustion is contained in a reservoir which is connected by a passage
to a secondary reservoir in the bottom of the lamp, from which part it is
burnt. The flame of the lamp is converged by the ordinary cone hitherto
employed. With certain kinds of very heavy oil it will be advisable
to employ a pipe or pipes through which the spare heat of combustion
may pass, so as to heat the oil in the reservoirs and passage herein-before
mentioned. The spare heat of combustion may also be used for heating
water by placing a small boiler with or without tubes on the top of the
lamp, and the steam made by the same may be used to cause the draught
required. The draught necessary for this lamp may also be caused by
raising a high pipe and covering it with hair, felt, lime, sawdust, or any
other low conductor of heat so as to retain the heat as much as possible,
and so cause the necessary draught.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INJECTING WATER INTO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Loader at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1869.
I, JOHN LOADER, of Upper Clifton Street, Worship Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INJECTING WATER
INTO STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in means or apparatus
for injecting water into steam boilers. For this purpose I employ a
strong vessel in which a steam chamber pipe or pipes are coiled or
otherwise arranged; one end of such steam pipe or chamber being
connected with the dome or steam space of the boiler, whilst the other
is provided with a suitable valve. This vessel is also provided with
suitable connections and valves, one of which leads into such vessel
from the hot well or other supply, whilst the other leads from such
vessel into the boiler. A float or floats are arranged in the interior
of the vessel, a rod from which passes out through a stuffing box and
by suitable means is connected to a cock or valve on the steam pipe

page_text: communicating between the boiler and the steam pipe or chamber in
the vessel.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Supposing the vessel to
have been filled with water from the hot well or other supply, the
float or floats are caused to rise and thereby act on the cock or valve
to open the communication between the dome or steam space of the
boiler and the steam pipe or chamber in the vessel, such steam then
acting to heat the water in the vessel until a pressure is created therein
superior to the pressure in the boiler when the valve on the feed pipe
opens and allows the water in the vessel to flow into the boiler. As
the float or floats fall they act on the cock or valve on the steam pipe
to close it, when the water from the hot well or other supply rushes
into the vessel in consequence of the vacuum or partial vacuum created
therein, and in doing so raises the float or floats, thereby again opening
the cock or valve on the steam passage to permit steam to again
circulate in the steam pipe or chamber in the vessel, and so on, the
vessel being alternately and automatically filled and discharged as
before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING WAX AND OTHER CANDLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Schalleidner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
July 1869.
I, LOUIS SCHALLEIDNER, Mechanician, of 36, Rue de Malte, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STAMPING
WAX AND OTHER CANDLES," to be as follows:-
The machine, the subject of my Invention, is intended for marking or
stamping wax and other candles. The candles are placed on an inclined
plane, from which they successively slide into the notches of two
similar wheels or rings, which at each revolution of the driving pulley
bring a candle under the stamp. This stamp suitably engraved is
heated to an unvarying temperature by steam or otherwise, so that on
pressing lightly upon the candle it melts the fatty matter, leaving the
candle stamped with a very clean impression obtained without shock or
strain; the candle then leaves the notches, falls upon another inclined

page_text: plane, and passes thence into a box. Thus each revolution of the driving
pulley causes the notched wheels to move forward one notch, which
gives one stamped candle.
AN IMPROVED STREET SWEEPING MACHINE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Greenstreet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th June 1869.
I, THOMAS GEORGE GREENSTREET, of New Kent Road, in the County
of Surrey, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED STREET SWEEPING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting two or more strong springs
underneath the body of a cart, and connecting to the outer ends of such
said springs a long brush composed of any suitable material. The use
of the aforesaid springs is to lift the brush from the surface of the
ground when not required to be used. And it is proposed to keep the
aforesaid brush, when sweeping, in forced contact with the surface of the
road, street, or way by one or more men standing thereon, the men
holding on either by the tailboard or a rail adjusted across the back of
the cart or otherwise. The mode of connecting the aforesaid springs and
brush should be such as to enable them to be readily detached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF STEAM AS A MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Legg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 90th
January 1868.
I, ROBERT LEGG, Millwright and Engineer, of 14, Owen's Row,
Olerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION
OF STEAM AS A MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the utilization of the resistance offered by
surfaco friction, internal projections, bends, or other obstructions to the
free passage of steam or fluids through pipes or other passages, and
in the application of this resistance as a fulcrum or abutment for the
steam in order to obtain motive power without the use of a piston.
I accomplish this purpose by compelling the steam to pass through
a considerable length of cranked or tortuous passage in its way from
the generator to the atmosphere or condensor, and by forming this
passage in coils or folds about an axlo, which is thus forced to revolve
with a power about equal to the amount of free energy lost by the steam

page_text: in struggling through the passage. By making the passage long enough
a very large proportion of the force of the steam may be utilized without
running the engine at an inconvenient speed.
A NEW MODE OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Willats and Alfred
Joseph Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th April 1869.
We, JAMES WILLATS, of Stamford Road, Kingsland, in the County of
Middlesex, and ALFRED JOSEPH MARTIN, of Stratford, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MODE OF ADVERTISING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new mode or method of advertising,
and consists in the application to ordinary playing cards of announce-
ments in the form of advertisements.
We propose to print or lithograph or otherwise apply to the back or
front of the cards marginal notes and illustrations, chiefly in illuminated
and colored types and devices, for which purpose the process of chromo-
lithography will be found especially applicable. By these means the
cards will present an ornamental character or style, and if desired the
pack may have a different design and advertisement on every card.

page_text: The marginal notes would of course be suitable to the faces of the
cards, and the backs could be entirely embellished with designs illus-
trative of the advertisements, and with words of description, so that a
very efficient mode of advertising would be effected and brought into
general notice.
For the more common packs ordinary printing type or lithographs
could be substituted for the illuminated characters, which would be
more applicable to packs of a superior quality.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPER ENGRAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Neale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1869.
I, ROBERT NEALE, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPER ENGRAVING," to be as follows:-.
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the engraving of letters,
figures, and characters by transfer on a steel, copper, or other plate for
printing and other purposes. Heretofore names have been engraved
by hand, except where the name has been transferred as a whole from
one plate to another by means of a solid roller.
My present Invention, as distinguished from the methods of transfer
heretofore existing, consists in the use of separate transfer segments or
types made of hardened steel, so that with them the desired name or
combination of letters or numbers can be composed and then transferred
to the surface of the steel or other plate. The separate segments or
types are made with two sides that converge on the plane of the radius
of a cylinder; the other two sides are parallel and notched or grooved.

page_text: The letter or design is transferred from an engraved plate to the end of
the type while the steel is soft. The types are accurately made, so that
when composed to form a name they come correctly together upon the
periphery of a cylinder, and are held between two heads that are drawn]
together by a screw and nut, the heads having ribs to take the grooves
of the types; each head also is provided with a segmental block con-
nected therewith, and located so as to come at the respective ends of
the line of types to support them firmly. I make use of a screw intro-
duced between the opposite ends of the segmental block to give to them
and the heads to which they are attached a partial rotation to press the
types together. By these means the transfer roller is formed of a line
of types containing the separate letters or characters, and the parts are
held so firmly together that a transfer can be made to a plate in the
same manner as is usual with solid rollers, and the types can be detached
and afterwards again set up or composed to form other words or lines of
characters, thus effecting a great saving in the engraving of words or
lines of characters by using the transfer process and movable types
instead of hand work.