IMPROVED MACHINERY POR FORGING METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY POR FORGING METALS."--A com-
munication.
Sealed the 12th January 1858, and dated the 22nd September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd September 1857.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY POR FORGING METALS" to
be as follows:-'
This Invention relates to improvements on the machinery for which I
obtained Letters Patent bearing date October 21st, 1856, wherein the forging
of metals is accomplished by a pair of pressing rollers that revolve with an
equal surface speed, the bearings of the shaft of the lower roller sliding up and
down in suitable ways or grooves in the frame of the machine, to allow that
roll to approach and recede from the upper roll whilst in operation. This
movement was effected by cams on a shaft, having fixed bearings in the frame,
and by means of a hand lever attached to the shaft the adjustment of the
lower roller was brought entirely under the control of the operator. Thus, by
means of certain grooves in the rolls, and certain stationary guards hung
between the rolls and fitting into the grooves, he was enabled to forge any

page_text: desired form. The machine was particularly suitable for forging the blanks
for horse shoes, to be afterwards bent into form. Now where such a form is
to be given to the bar of iron being rolled, that it requires the lower roll to be
raised and lowered a certain amount at stated intervals, it is now proposed to
adopt the herein-after described arrangement of cams and levers or their
equivalents, the same being thrown into and out of gear by the operator, by
which means the machine is made automatic. This improvement constitutes
the first part of the present Invention. Placed immediately below the lower
roller is a cam shaft, the cams of which when the shaft is rotated are intended
to lift or lower that roller and increase or diminish the space for the metal
under operation between the pressing rollers. Mounted loosely on this cam
shaft are arms which by clutch arrangements are capable of being severally
keyed to the shaft. Pendent from these arms are rods which connect with
rock levers mounted on a shaft at the lower part of the machine. The long
arms of these levers are slotted to receive the pins, which connect them with
the pendent rods and their other, and the short arms of the levers bear
respectively on the peripheries of irregular or other shaped cams, which are
keyed to a rotating cam shaft. This shaft receives motion through spur
gearing from the main driving shaft, and as therefore one or other of the
arms on the first-mentioned cam shaft is clutched to that shaft, so will the
cam corresponding thereto on the rotating cam shaft be caused (through the
intervention of one of the rock levers and connecting rods) to act upon the
lower pressing roller, and raise and lower it to suit the work in hand. By
changing the cut of the cams any required variations in form may be given to
the rolled metal. As a modification of this arrangement the shaft below the
lower pressing roller may be provided with cams of the proper form and size
for raising that roller, and holding it up the required time.
The Invention consists, secondly, in placing one or more friction rolls in the
stationary guards, which hang between the two pressing rolls for the purpose
of relieving the friction of the bar or piece of metal being rolled.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 20th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of September, in the year of our
Lord 1857, in the twenty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and 'grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton,
Her special license that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
'administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR FORGING METALS," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in machines for forging
metals, which improvements are applicable to the machines for which Letters
Patent of Great Britain were granted to W. E. Newton, of London, England,
on the 21st day of October, A. D. 1856.
Fig. 1 is a plan of a forging machine, with these improvements attached;
Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section on
the line x, x, of Fig. 2; Figs. 4, 5, and 6, details to be referred to hereafter.
In the machine described in the above mentioned Letters Patent, the
forging of the metal is accomplished by the rollers A and B of these Drawings
which are revolved with an equal surface motion in the direction of the
arrows by suitable gearing, the boxes or bearings of the lower shaft B sliding
up and down in suitable ways or grooves in the frame of the machine, allowing
the roll B to approach and recede from the roll A whilst in operation. This
movement of the roll B was effected by cams C on a shaft D, having fixed
bearings in the frame (one of these cams being placed near each end of the
shaft D). A hand lever attached to the shaft D towards the front side of the

page_text: machine placed the operation of the rolls entirely under the control of the
operator, who stood at the front of the machine and passed the heated iron in
between the rolls, and by applying the proper amount of pressure by means
of the hand lever, the metal was forged and rolled out towards him, when he
again separated the rolls and repeated the operation. Thus, by means of
certain grooves in the rolls, and certain stationary guards hung between the
rolls and fitting into grooves in the rolls, he was enabled to forge any desired
form. The machine was, particularly suitable for forging the blanks for.
horse shoes, to be afterwards bent into form. Now where such a form is to
be given to the bar of iron being rolled, that it requires the lower roll to be
raised and lowered a certain amount at stated intervals, I adopt the herein-after
described arrangement of cams and levers or their equivalents, the same
being thrown into and out of gear by the operator, by which means the
machine is made automatic. This improvement constitutes the first part of
the present Invention:
The second part consists in placing one or more friction rolls in the
stationary guards which hang between the two rolls A and B, for the purpose
of relieving the friction of the bar or piece of metal being rolled, as will be
hereafter described,
In the said Drawings E is the frame of the machine, carried in suitable
stationary bearings, on top of which is the roll A, on the shaft of which, outside
of one of its bearings, is the cog wheel F. Immediately below the roll A, is
another similar roll B, which runs in boxes that slide up and down freely in
the frame of the machine; to the shaft of this roll, outside of one of its
bearings, is attached the cog-wheel G. These rolls have corresponding
grooves a, which receive stationary guards H attached to a cross beam I
secured to the top of the frame, each guard resting in its groove in the upper
roll, and being received in the corresponding groove in the lower roll, as the
latter is raised; The rolls between the grooves are turned to suit the bevel
or other form to be given to the article, the guards serving to keep straight
one edge whilst the other is being bevelled, or to confine both edges whilst the
middle of the bar or piece is rolled into some specific form. The roll B is
caused to approach and recele from the roll A by means of two cams C on
the shaft D, which runs in fixed bearings in the frame E. The turning of the
shaft D raises or lowers the roll, B, its bearings sliding in the frame E. To
the end of the shaft D, which extends beyond the frame, is attached a hand
wheel K. Carried in suitable bearings on the frame E back of the roll B, is
the shaft L, to which motion is communicated through the wheel M attached
.to.it from
any suitable driving power. A gear N on this shaft L gives motion.

page_text: through the gear G to the roll B, and another gear O at the other end of the.
shaft L, through an intermediate gear P and the gear F, gives motion to the
roll A..
Attached to the back part of the frame E is an arm Q, having a slot b, in
which is secured by a nut ca short shaft d, which carries an intermediate
gear R, which engages with a larger wheel S on the end of a shaft T, having
its bearings in the frame E. The shaft d of the gear R is made adjustable in
the slot 6 that the wheel S may be replaced with one of a different size, as the
speed of the shaft T may be required to be changed. The shaft T carries two
cams U (detached in Fig. 4) and V (detached in Fig. 5); these cams are of
the proper contour and size to cause the roll B to be raised at the proper
time, and to be held up sufficiently long to give the required undulations to
the bar being rolled, which is effected in a manner which will be presently
explained. These cams on the shaft T may be replaced by others of a
different size and shape, or the speed of the shaft may be varied, as before
stated, either or both of which will give a different form to the article rolled.
Hung in bearings in the frame E is another shaft W, which carries and serves
as a fulcrum for two levers X and Y, the shorter arms of which bear one
against each of the cams U and V, the lever X being vibrated by the cam U,
and the lever Y by the cam.V. As these levers and their connections with
the shaft D are similar, I will describe one of them X (see Fig. 3). The
longer arm of this lever has near its outer end a slot e, through which passes a
bolt f, secured by a nut, which bolt also passes through the lower end of a
pitman Z; the pitman vibrates on the bolt f, which is secured in place by its
nut after being adjusted in the slot e; this adjustment of the bolt f in the slot e
varies the height to which the pitman Z is raised at each vibration of the
lever X. Pivoted to the head of the pitman Z, at g, is a short arm A¹, the
other end of which embraces the shaft D, the shaft turning freely in it.
Secured to the shaft D, alongside of the arm A¹, and between it and the side
of the frame, is a collar B, and on the other side of the arm A' is a clutch C¹,
embracing the shaft D; this clutch is moved longitudinally on the shaft by a
hand lever D pivoted at h on a bar E¹, extending from one side of the
frame E to the other, and secured thereto; the inner end of this hand lever
rests in a groove i in the clutch. A square pin attached to the face of the
clutch C¹ passes through the arm A', where it embraces the shaft D, and
enters a hole in the collar B'. By this means, as the lever D' is moved
horizontally in one direction, the arm A¹ is clutched with the shaft D, and as
the short arm of the lever X is depressed by the cam U, the, pitman Z will be

page_text: raised and the shaft D be revolved a portion of a turn, the cams C on it raising
the roll B. As the lever D¹ is moved in the opposite direction, the arm A¹ is
unclutched from the shaft, and the pitman may rise and fall without operating
the cams C. Another hand lever F¹ serves to connect by a similar clutch and
collar the shaft D to the arm and pitman connected with the lever Y, and
thus cause the rise and fall of the shaft B to be governed by the cam V. By
.the above arrangement almost any desired form may be given to a bar of iron
to accord with a given pattern. The machine represented in the Drawings is
arranged with two cams on a shaft T, and a double set of levers and clutches,
so that a bar may be rolled through and receive one form or set of undulations,
and then, without changing the parts of the machine, but only by throwing out
one clutch and connecting the other, the bar may be run through on its other
side, forming a second set of impressions or undulations at right angles to the
.first. The cams here represented are suitable for forming a bar of iron to a
required pattern, having certain undulations in its surfaces at regular intervals,
.leaving the bar thicker in some places than in others, and wider in some places
than in others. These bars when thus rolled are intended to be cut into
blanks to be bent into horse shoes. The roll B is only operated by the cams
on the shaft T when it is intended to roll long bars into a given form, as above
_described; or it may be used as described in the above-mentioned Letters
Patent, for forging shorter pieces. The operator, standing in front of the
machine, unclutches the parts operated by the cams U and V, and regulates
.the vertical movement of the roll B by means of the hand wheel K attached to
the shaft D. These combinations enable me to obtain an almost unlimited
variety of forms; first, by changing the cams on the shaft T; second, by
changing the speed of this shaft by replacing the wheel S with one of a
different size; third, by changing the position of the bolt f in the slot e of the
lever X, which varies the throw of the pitman Z, or the pitman itself may be
varied in length by having a screw formed on it.
The second part of the present Invention consists in certain improvements
in the stationary guards which hang between the rolls A and B; these guards,
.one of which is seen at H, Fig. 3, are hung to a rigid bar I, extending across
and secured to the frame of the machine; they hang between the rolls A
and B, and are received in the grooves a in the rolls; their object is to keep
the edge of the piece of metal being forged or rolled straight and smooth (as is
more fully set forth in the said Letters Patent). Now, as the metal presses
against the face of the guard against which it may happen to be, whilst it is
drawn through between the rolls, there will be a considerable amount of

page_text: friction between the metal and the guard; to obviate this I have inserted in
the guard a friction roll m, (Fig. 3,) which is carried on a shaft or rod passing
vertically through the guard in a plane parallel to its face.
In Fig. 6 is shown a modification of these improvements, which has the
advantage of greater simplicity of construction. In this plan the shaft of the
roll A runs in stationary bearings, and that of the roll B in bearings that slide
up and down in the frame, as in the former case. The shaft D beneath the
roll B has on it cams of the proper form and size for raising the roll B and
holding it up the required time. A gear R³ on the end of the shaft D
engages with another gear S³ (driven with the rolls), secured in a short arm
in a manner similar to the gear R in Fig. 3; thus by changing the gear S³ the
speed of the pattern shaft D may be changed; the cams or patterns on this
shaft may also be varied, as required.
I have spoken of these machines as particularly applicable to rolling blanks
for horse shoes, but it is evident that they are suitable for rolling any kind of
work where the thickness of the article is to be varied to a given pattern.
Having now set forth the nature of this Invention, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under
the above recited Letters Patent I claim operating the roll B at stated
intervals by means of the above described arrangement of cams and levers or
their equivalents, whereby I am enabled to roll a piece or bar of metal to a
given pattern, in the manner substantially as herein set forth.
2nd, I claim the friction roll m in the guard H operating in the manner
and for the purpose substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the First day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)