IMPROVEMENTS IN THE . MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Collier, of Halifax, in the County of
York, Mechanic, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
. MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 7th December 1853, and dated the 19th October 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Collier
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th October 1853.
I, GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving terry and
cut pile fabrics. Heretofore, when several wires have been used in
power looms, and where they have been drawn out and carried by a
carrier to be inserted in the next shed (means for doing which have
been secured by previous Letters Patent granted to me), it has been
usual to give two beats of the slay for each weft thrown in, which takes

page_text: extra time. I have found that by employing the ordinary or single
beat up where several independent wires are used in combination with
apparatus for drawing out the last wire (the one nearest the work
beam), and a carrier to place it in the next shed, time is saved, and
more time allowed for the carrying and replacing the wire in the shed,
and the general speed of the loom is increased. And one part of my
Invention consists in combining the single beat of the slay with the
apparatus for drawing out and carrying the wires. And I have found
that the hook or instrument which advances to withdraw a wire, where
independent wires are used, sometimes fails to secure the last wire; to
obviate which I make the heads or ends of the wires thicker than the
upper parts, and I apply an instrument to come from behind the batten,
outside of the slay, and press against the head of the wire just when
the hook or instrument comes to take the wire, and when the wire has
been partly withdrawn the pressing instrument retires to allow the
wire to be introduced into the shed. In order to weave some terry and
cut pile fabrics in power looms when wires are employed, I place the
terry warps on two or more beams, and arrange the harness to lift all
the warps of a beam at the same time; and I cause the giving off
motions to come into action on the beam which for the time being is to
form the shed for the wire. By this arrangement the face of power
woven terry and cut pile fabrics will be improved, whether all over of
the same color, or whether the warps on the separate beams are colored
or-printed according to design, and caused to be woven into a terry fabric
by wires to produce a pattern or woven design.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Collier in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
GEORGE COLLIER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanic, send 3
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said George Collier, Her special.
licence that I, the said George Collier, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George. Collier, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and.
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the.
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition.
(amongst others) that I, the said George Collier, by an instrument.
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the. nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Collier, do hereby declare,
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving terry and
cut pile fabrics. Heretofore, when several wires have been used in
power looms, and where they have been drawn out and carried by a
carrier to be inserted in the next shed (means for doing which have:
been secured by previous Letters Patent granted to me), it has been.
usual to give two beats of the slay for each weft thrown in, which takes
extra time. I have found that by employing the ordinary- or, single
beat up where several independent wires are used in combination with
apparatus for drawing out the last wire (the one nearest the work
beam), and a carrier to place it in the next shed, time is saved, and
more time allowed for the carrying and replacing the wire in the shed,...
and the general speed of the loom is increased. And one part of my
Invention consists in combining the single beat of the slay with the..

page_text: apparatus for drawing out and carrying the wires. And I have found
that the hook or instrument which advances to withdraw a wire, where
independent wires are used, sometimes fails to secure the last wire; to
obviate which I make the heads or ends of the wires thicker than the
other parts, and I apply an instrument to come from behind the batten,
outside of the slay, and press against the head of the wire just when the
hook or instrument comes to take the wire; and when the wire has been
partly withdrawn the pressing instrument retires to allow the wire to be-
introduced into the shed. In order to weave some terry and cut pile
fabrics in power looms when wires are employed, I place the terry
warps on two or more beams, and arrange the harness to lift all the
warps of a beam at the same time, and I cause the giving ofl' motions to
come into action on the beam which, for the time being, is to form the
shed for the wire. By this arrangement the face of power woven terry
and cut pile fabrics will be improved, whether all over of the same
color, or whether the warps on the separate beams are colored or
printed according to design, and caused to be woven into a terry fabric
by wires to produce a pattern or woven design.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued
by me. And as my present improvements relate to the arrangement
and construction of power looms for weaving terry and cut pile fabrics,
the nature and working of which have been most fully described in
former Patents granted to me and others, and are now well understood,.
it will only be necessary for me to describe those parts which constitute
my present improvements, so that a workman acquainted with this class
of machinery, aided by the following description and Drawings, will
readily understand the nature of my present improvements.
2
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS MARKED A:
Figure 1, shows a vertical section of a power loom suitably arranged
with apparatus for inserting and withdrawing the wires in mannfacturing
arpets and other fabrics having a terry or uncut pile surface; and it
will be seen, on examining the Drawing Figure 1, that the lathe swords

page_text: are connected to the crank axis a, by a connecting rod b, in the ordinary,
manner, so as to obtain a single beat up of the slay for each weft
thrown in, instead of the double beat obtained by the arrangement of
parts described in a former Patent granted to me on the Twenty-eighth
day of September,. One thousand eight hundred & fifty.. The red
circles indicate the toothe wheels. for giving motion to the cam shaft ;:
and the other Drawings A, show, several of the cams for giving motion.
to other parts, the nature of which is written thereon. And as the loom
in all other respects works .according to the arrangements, described in
former Patents granted to me, I have not thought it necessary to repeat.
the same...
The Drawings,B, show a section of a power loom, together with, some
of the cams, suitably arranged for weaving carpets and other fabrics,
having a cut pile surface, by means of a single beat up of the slay for
each weft thrown in. And as the foregoing description applies to this
arrangement it will not be necessary to enter into a further description
thereof, as a workman acquainted with former Patents granted, to me
will readily understand how to carry out this part of my present:
improvements, which simply consists in the application of the single
beat up of the slay for each weft thrown in, in combination with
apparatus for drawing out and inserting the wires.
I will now describe my improvements in power looms for weaving.
terry and cut pile fabrics when wires are employed, whereon the pile
warp is placed on two or more-beauis; and which is more particularly
applicable-to mohair and silk plush, and where the heddles or harness.
áre arranged to lift all the warp threads on one beam to produce the
pile over a wire at one time, and to lift all the warp threads upon.
another beam to produce the pile over the succeeding, wire. Appa-
ratus for inserting and withdrawing the wires in the manufacture of
pile fabrics by power being well known and in common use, it will
not be necessary to enter into a description thereof; an apparatus for.
this purpose.lias been most fully described in. former Patents granted.
to me, and it will only be necessary to describe the arrangements of
those parts which constitute my present, improvements. Figure 3,.

page_text: (Drawings C,) shows a section of a loom arranged for weaving pile
fabrics according to this part of my Invention; Figure 4, is a right
hand end view; and Figure 5, is a left hand end view, with some of
the parts removed, to show the let off motions more clearly; and Figure
6, is part of a plan of the let off motions. a, is the crank axis, which
receives motion from a steam engine or other motive power, and motion
is communicated from the crank axis to the cam shaft b, by toothed
wheels a', ', indicated by red lines; and I would remark, that where
very few thin wires are employed, I have found that the hook which
advances to withdraw a wire (where independent wires are used) some-
times fails to take the wire, and I have found that by making the heads
or ends of the wires thicker than the other part of the wire, and causing
the licads of the wires to be pressed towards the hook by a rod or in-
strument A, from the back outside the end of the slay, the taking of the
wire by the hook is rendered 'more certain. The rod A is connected
by a pin joint to the cranked lever B, which receives motion from the
cam C, on the shaft or axis b. c, d, are the two pile warp beams or
rollers, one half of the pile warp being placed on the beam c, and the
other half on the beam d; all the warp threads of the beam c, being
passed through the leaf of heddles c', and all the warp threads of the
beam d, being passed through the leaf of heddles d'. e, is the warp
beam or roller on which is placed the tic or foundation warp which
forms the body of the fabric, one half of such warp being passed
through the leaf of heddles e', and the other half through the leaf of
heddles e. And as the correct giving or letting off the several warps
from their respective warp beams or rollers is important, I will proceed
to describe the manner in which I prefer to accomplish the same. The
parts of the apparatus applied to each warp beam or roller being the
same or similar to each beam, it will only be necessary to describe the
arrangement of apparatus as applied to one beam or roller, the others
being marked with corresponding letters of reference. f, is a link or
connecting rod attached to the lathe sword g, by a pin joint, the other
end of the rod being connected by a pin joint to the lever h, fixed on the
axis i, which moves in bearings affixed to the back rail of the loom; the

page_text: a
to and fro niovement of the lathe sword causes the upper end of the
lever h, to come in contact with one arm of the lever j, which moves
freely on the upright axis k. The other arm of the lever j carries
driver, which is at all times borne by a spring against the teeth of the
ratchet wheel 7 fixed on the axis k, so as to give motion to the axis k
each time the lever is acted upon by the lever h. m, is a worm fixed
on the axis %, which takes into and gives motion to the worm wheel n,
fixed on the axis of the warp beam so as to give motion thereto; the
pile warp from the warp beam passes over a roller o, carried by weighted
levers o', which at all times keeps the warps in a distended, state, and
there is a stop on the lever arm o', which serves to regulate the quantity
of warp let off by coming in contact with the lever j, to prevent its being
again acted upon by the to and fro movement of the lever h, until a
certain quantity of the warp has been taken up by the woven fabric. I
would here remark that, separately considered, the let off' apparatus just
described applied to warp beams is not in itself new; I therefore make
no claim to the same.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein described, so long as the
peculiar character of any part of my Invention be retained. But what
I claim is,―
First, the combination with a power loom working with a single
beat up, wherein a series of independent wires are used, apparatus for
withdrawing and carrying the last wire and inserting it again into
the fabric.
Secondly, I claim the using of wires thicker at the one end than the
other parts, in combination with an instrument coming from behind the
batten outside of the slay to press the ends of all the wires towards
the breast beam just when the hook or instrument comes to take the
last wire (the wire nearest the breast beam), in order to ensure the last
wire being taken and withdrawn by the hook or instrument, as herein
described.
Thirdly, I claim the manufacturing of terry or cut pile fabrics in

page_text: power looms by combining the use of wires with the placing of the
terry or pile warps on to two or more beams, so that the warps carried
by the beams may be brought up to form the pile in succession, by the
working of the power loom, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Collier, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
GEORGE COLLIER. (L.S.).