Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1887.
Complete Left, 23rd Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 18th Mar., 1888
1, WILLIAM MORRIS MORDEY of Victoria Works, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its main object the improvement of electric generators of
those kinds used principally for the production of alternate currents.
In alternating current machines such as those of Wilde, Siemens, and others, where
the armature consists of a number of coils arranged circularly with their axes arranged
parallel to the shaft of the machine, or in the modified form by Ferranti, whero the
armature consists of a sinuous conductor, the field magnets, which are numerous, are
arranged in two circles facing one another with the armature between them.
the armature revolves, and the fields are fixed; sometimes the armature is stationary
and the fields revolve. This form of field is costly and inefficient.
Usually
According to this invention I construct an improved form of field magnet which
with a single exciting coil or winding supplies the whole inductive effect.
In applying this invention to armatures of this general type I surround the whole
periphery of the armature with iron. Inside the iron ring thus formed I place the
magnetising coil or coils of wiro or other suitable conductor, the convolutions of
which also entirely surround the periphery of the armature, or the magnetising coil or
coils may be at the side or sides of the armature near the periphery.
From the outer iron ring iron pole pieces project inwards towards the axis of the
armature, such pole pieces facing one another with the armature between them. Thus
there are produced a number of similar magnetic poles on one side of the armature
faced by a number of poles of opposite sign on the other side. The whole of these
poles or polar projections are magnetised by the peripheral magnetising coil or winding.
In the case of an ordinary alternating current machine 1 make the number of pairs of
polar projections half that which would under ordinary circumstances be employed.
The circular peripheral enclosing field magnet may be of wrought iron but I prefer
to make it of soft cast iron in two portions. That is to say it may be divided in any
convenient plane at right angles to the shaft or axis, the two portions on their inside
faces being turned or planed true, and then bolted together after the armature and the
magnetising coil or winding has been inserted. Or the ring may be in two or more
portions, divided in a plane or planes parallel to the shaft or axis, or in any other
convenient way. In place of causing the field magnet to surround the armature I
may make the armature the outer portion and the main part of the field magnet the
inner portion, this main part being a cylinder of iron surrounded by a magnetising

page_text: coil or winding. From the sides or ends of the cylinder the poles or polepieces project
radially and between them the armature is placed.
Although this invention is best adapted to be used with armatures of the disc type
already alluded to, with or without iron cores, it may be applied to armatures of the
hollow drum or cylinder type in which the coils are arranged at right angles to those
in the disc type. In this modification I prefer to use two magnetising coils, one at
either end of the drum or cylinder, the field magnet or magnets enclosing the armature,
and magnetising coils or windings, the iron of the magnet being continued so as to
entirely surround the end portions of the cylinder.
I may rotate either the armature or the common field magnet, or I may rotate the
armature and the magnet respectively in opposite directions.
When the armature is rotated I provide rubbing contacts for the collection of the
current, the magnetising coil or winding being attached to the stationary iron electro-
magnet and provided with terminals for the exciting current. When the armature is
intended to be stationary or fixed I prefer to attach the field winding to the armature
and merely to rotate the iron portion of the electro magnet. Thus I require no
rubbing contacts either for the collection of current from the armature or for the
supply of exciting current to the- fields. This latter arrangement I especially prefer
when the machine is to be driven directly by a steam engine or other motor and for
this purpose
I make the fly wheel of the engine form the field magnet.
The said flywheel may at the same time be caused to drive another dynamo to serve
as an excitor or for other purposes or to drive any other machine by a belt or by
frictional gearing.
For the production of continuous currents I may make use of this improved form
of field magnet constructing the armature, or joining it up in any known or suitable
manner and providing a commutator for the purpose. I do not limit myself to the
exact forms of armature and field hereinbefore described as the principle of the
invention is capable of being applied in various ways. Thus what are known as pole
armatures may be operated in connection with a field magnet on this principle, as, for
instance by making the armature of two parallel circles of coils, preferably with horse-
shoe or U-shaped iron cores of strip or wire each limb of the said cores being fitted
with a coil of wire as usual in pole armatures.
Again I may apply this invention in connection with the type that is distinguished
by having the generating coils wound on the poles or on polar projections, thic
rotating part being a suitably formed iron mass which acts by varying the magnetic
circuit. For this purpose I wind the armature coils on cores of wire or sheet iron,
and attach them to a field of the form hereinbefore described, and I provide a "keeper
or iron rotating part consisting of a suitable number of bundles or projections also of
iron wire or of sheet iron.
::
I have found that much of the noise made by alternate current machines is caused
by beating of the air, and that by making the moving parts as far as possible of a
smooth and unbroken surface this noise is greatly lessened.
Therefore I sometimes prefer to fill in the irregularities by wood, or other non
conducting material for the purpose of reducing the noise.
When using a commutator for the purpose of obtaining continuous currents I
employ one of an improved construction for the purpose of preventing or reducing
sparking at the gaps between its plates or divisions.
This commutator may be of any suitable form, the improvement consists in
employing an electro magnet so placed that a strong magnetic field is formed in the
said air gaps thus causing any arc, which may be formed or which may be in process
of forming across those gaps, to be deflected and broken. The electro-magnet is
preferably excited by the current which is rendered continuous by the commutator to
which this device is applied.
Dated this 8th love of Tune 1007
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: 1, WILLIAM MORRIS MORDEY of Victoria Works, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Electrician do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed. to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
:-
This invention has for its object the improvement of electric generators of those
kinds used principally for the production of alternate currents.
In alternate current machines such as those of Wildo, Siemens, and others, where
the armature consists of a number of coils arranged circularly with their axes
arranged parallel to the shaft of the machine, or in the form of Ferranti, where the
armature consists of a sinuous conductor-the field magnets, which are numerous, are
arranged in two parallel circles, facing one another with the armature between them.
Usually the armature revolves, and the field magnets are fixed: sometimes the
armature is stationary and the fields revolve. This form of field is costly to construct,
and is inefficient as regards energy.
According to this invention employ an improved form of field magnet which
with a single exciting coil or winding supplies the whole inductive effect; or I may
employ two such magnets.
In applying this invention to armatures of the general type hereinbefore referred
to I surround the whole periphery of the armature with iron. Inside the iron ring
thus formed I place the magnetising coil or coils of wire or other suitable conductor,
the convolutions of which also entirely surround the periphery of the armature, or the
magnetising coil or coils may be at the side or sides of the armature near the
periphery.
From the outer iron ring, iron pole pieces project inwards towards the axis of the
armature, such pole pieces facing one another with the armature between them. Thus
there are produced a number of similar magnetic poles on one side of the armature
faced by a number of poles of opposite sign on the other side. The whole of these
poles or polar projections are magnetised by the peripheral magnetising coil or
winding. In the case of an ordinary alternating current machine I make the number
of pairs of polar projections half that which would under ordinary circumstances be
employed. The circular peripheral enclosing field magnet may be of wrought iron
but I prefer to make it of soft cast iron in two portions. That is to say it may be
divided in any convenient plane, at right angles to the shaft or axis, the two portions
on their inside faces being turned or planed true, and then bolted together after the
armature and the magnetising coil or winding has been inserted. Or the ring may
be in two or more portions, divided in a plane or planes parallel to the shaft or axis,
or in any other convenient way.
Figs. and 2 illustrate a dynamo machine with such an arrangement of field
magnet and armature, Fig. 1 being a transverse section, partly in elevation and Fig. 2
is an end elevation of the machine. The armature consists of a number of coils e, e,

page_text: carried by the hub h. The whole periphery of the armature is surrounded by
iron a, a, forming what is practically a ring of iron. Inside this ring the magnetising
coil c. c, is placed; the convolutions of this coil also surrounding the armature
peripherally. This coil c, c, may, however, be placed at the side or sides of the
armature e, e, near the periphery. From the outer iron ring a, a, pole pieces b, b,
project inwards towards the axis of the armature, such pole pieces facing one another
with the armature e, e, between them. Thus there are a number of similar magnetic
poles, b, on one side of the armature faced by a number of opposite magnetic
poles on the other side of the armature. The whole of these poles or polar
projections are magnetised by the peripheral winding c c. All the pole pieces on
either side of the armature may be regarded as one common pole of the common
clectro magnet which is excited by the coil c c. In the case of an ordinary alternate
current machine, I make the number of pairs of polar projections on each side of the
armature half that of the coils e, e, 1 prefer to divide the enclosing iron a, a, as shown
in Fig. 1, the two portions being machined true on their inside faces f and then
bolted together as shewn at 9, 9, Fig. 2, after the armature ee and the coil ce
have been inserted; or any other suitable mode of dividing the iron may be
adopted.
In place of causing the field magnet to surround the armature I may make the
armature the outer portion and the main part of the field magnet the inner
portion, this main part being a cylinder of iron surrounded by a magnetising coil or
winding.
From the sides or ends of the cylinder the poles or pole pieces project radially and
between them the armature is placed.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate such an arrangement of machine in which as I prefer the
armature is stationary and the field magnet is arranged to rotate, Fig. 3 being a
longitudinal section, and Fig. 4 a transverse section through the plane of the
armature e e. a a is the internal portion or core of the field magnet in the form of a
cylinder, preferably of wrought iron. This is surrounded by a magnetising coil or
winding cc which may be wound directly on the core a, or may be supported, as
shown, by the stationary armature. At each of the sides or ends of the core a is
placed a cast iron piece a¹ having parts b, b, which project radially and then turn in
towards one another, and between them the armature is placed. The core a and the
cast iron pieces a, a, with their projections b, b', are keyed or otherwise attached to
the shaft s, and secured by the nuts d, d, screwed on the shaft.
It will be seen that only half the usual number of poles are employed in these
arrangements (Figs. 1 to 4). By using two magnets, constructed according to the
principle of this invention in connection with each armature I may place round the
armature ring as many poles or pairs of poles as there are armature coils. This may
be done by having two concentric magnets, either of the forms shewn in Figs. 1 and 2,
or in Figs. 3 and 4, and causing poles from each such magnet to approach the
armature coils, the poles from one magnet alternating in order and in magnetic
polarity with those from the other magnet. The same result may be obtained by
using two magnets, not one within the other, but one on each side of the armature,
all the poles of each magnet facing one side only of the armature, the N and S poles
of one magnet being arranged in succession in the same order as the armature coils,
and being respectively faced on the other sides of the said armature coils by the S
and N poles of the other magnet.
Fig. 5 shews in sectional elevation a modification of the machine herein before
described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The parts are indicated by the same letters
of reference. The armature e, e, with hub and shaft s, may be rotated; or the field
magnet system a, a, b, b, may be rotated by the shaft s'. The magnetising coil c, c,
may be attached either to the iron a, a, b, b, (as in Fig. 5) or to the armature. It
will however be understood that the armature and fields may be rotated in opposite
directions.
Although this invention is best adapted to be used with armatures of the disc type,
as shewn in Figs. 1 to 5, with or without iron cores it may be applied to armatures of

page_text: the hollow drum or cylinder type in which the coils are arranged at right angles to
those in the disc type, as shewn in Figs. 6 and 6^. In this modification I prefer to
use two magnetising coils, one at either end of the drum or cylinder, the field magnet
or magnets enclosing the armature, and magnetising coils or windings, the iron of
the magnet being continued so as to entirely surround the end portions of the
cylinder.
I may rotate either the armature or the common field magnet, or I may rotate the
armature and the magnet respectively in opposite directions.
In Fig. 6, which is a longitudinal vertical section two field magnet coils c, c, c¹ c¹
are used, arranged in connection with the iron of the field magnet a a, a¹ a¹.
From a a, a' a', iron horns or pole pieces b, b, project laterally, the armature coils e, e,
being closely approached on their outer and inner faces by the said pole pieces bb, b.
The armature coils e, e, are supported in any suitable manner, as by the hub h.
s is the
shaft. The method of supporting the several parts of the machine will depend upon
whether it is intended to rotate the field magnets or the armature.
Fig. 6 illustrates in longitudinal section a modified form of machine having only
It is
one electro-magnet a, a with its pole pieces b, b, b, b, and magnetising coil c, c.
preferred to rotate this field magnet and coil by the shaft s. The armature coils e, e,
are arranged in a circle, and are supported by the standard h, which may also form a
bearing for the shaft s.
Fig. 7 illustrates an arrangement which I make use of in the case of machines of
large diameter. There are two concentric rows of armatures coils e, e, supported in
any suitable manner. The field magnet is in two portions one on each side of the
arinature and secured to the shaft s. The field winding coil c, c, may be in two
portions, as shown in Fig. 7, or in one portion only, as shown in Fig. 8. In Fig. 8
the smaller iron piece shown to the right may be either a continuous ring a with
projections b, b, as shown, or a series of radial arms with projections such as b, b²,
may be used.
I do not limit myself to the exact forms of armature and field herein before
described as the principle of the invention is capable of being applied in various ways.
Thus what are known as pole armatures may be operated in connection with a field
magnet on this principle, as, for instance by making the armatures of two parallel
circles of coils preferably with horse shoe or U shaped iron cores of strip or wire
each limb of the said cores being fitted with a coil of wire as usual in pole armatures.
Figs. 9 and 9 show what is known as a pole armature arranged to be operated
according to this invention, Fig. 9 being an end elevation and Fig. 9 a partial
longitudinal section of such a machine. The field magnet consists of a central core
or cylinder a, a, from which pole pieces bb, project. cc is the magnetising
winding which may be wound on and rotate with the magnet a b¹, or may be
supported by the armature, which consists of a number of coils ee placed on laminated
masses of iron ii of any convenient shape, and kk are other masses of laminated iron
placed alternately with the coils ee and cores ii for the purpose of preventing
fluctuation in the field magnet. These pieces may be omitted, but their use is of
advantage for the purpose mentioned. Fig. 10 shows in longitudinal section a
pole
armature with the field magnet poles bb facing the armature horizontally. Fig. 11
shows a modification of the same in which the armature and field are arranged con-
centrically with the field magnet surrounding the armature.
23
I may apply this invention in connection with the type that is distinguished by having
the generating coils wound on the poles or on polar projections, the rotating part
being a suitably formed iron mass which acts by varying the magnetic circuit. For
this purpose I wind the armature coils on cores of wire or sheet iron, and attach them
to a field of the form hereinbefore described, and I provide a "keeper" or iron
rotating part consisting of a suitable number of bundles or projections also of iron
wire or of sheet iron.
Fig. 12 illustrates in longitudinal section and Fig. 13 in transverse section through
the line A, B, of Fig. 12 such an arrangement of machine.
The iron field magnet may be formed with polar projections b, b', on which are

page_text: placed the armature coils e, e. c, c, is the field magnet winding. Thus both field
magnet and armature are stationary. The magnetic circuit is varied by the rotation
of the shafts carrying the hub or hubs h, h, which support the laminated iron
masses i i.
A modified arrangement which is even more efficient, is illustrated in Figs. 14
and 15 which are respectively a longitudinal section and a transverse section through
the line A B of Fig. 14.
In this arrangement the field magnet comprises a number of Ụ shaped masses a a
of subdivided or laminated iron formed with polar projections b,, on which are placed
the armature coils e, e. cc is the field magnet winding. Thus as before both field
magnet and armature are stationary, and the magnetic circuit is varied by the
rotation of the shafts carrying the hub or hubs hh which support the laminated iron
masses. The pieces (Figs. 14 and 15) carried on the rotating hubs hh are
equal in number to half the pairs of polar projections bb'. The just described method
of construction with U shaped masses of subdivided or laminated iron formed with
polar projections on which are placed the armature coils may be arranged in a manner
similar to that of any of the other forms of dynamo hereinbefore described that is to
say instead of placing the U shaped pieces a a outside the masses ii of iron they may
be so arranged that the said masses rotate either outside of them or sideways thereof.
Thus, for instance, in Fig. 10 the armature coils e, e, may be placed on U shaped pieces
the ends of which form pole pieces and the iron pieces i i may alone be rotated.
The pieces kk would not be required in such an arrangement.
I have found that much of the noise made by alternate current machines is caused
by beating of the air, and that by making the moving parts as far as possible of a
smooth and unbroken surface this noise is greatly lessened. Therefore I sometimes
prefer to fill in the irregularities by wood, or other non-conducting material for the
purpose of reducing the noise..
When the armature is rotated I provide rubbing contacts for the collection of the
current, the magnetising coil or winding being attached to the stationary iron electro
magnet and provided with terminals for the exciting current. When the armature is
intended to be stationary or fixed I prefer to attach the field winding to the armature
and merely to rotate the iron portion of the electro magnet. Thus I require no
rubbing contacts either for the collection of current from the armature or for the
supply of exciting current to the fields.
For the production of continuous currents I may make use of the improved form of
field magnet, constructing the armature or joining it up in any known or suitable
manner, and providing a commutator. I may for this purpose make the ratio of the
number of armature coils with regard to the pole pieces, differ from that which I use
in the alternate current machines. When using a commutator for the purpose of
obtaining continuous currents I employ one of an improved construction for the pre-
vention or reduction of sparking at the gaps between its plates or divisions.
This commutator may be of any suitable form,-the improvement consists in
employing an electro-magnet so placed that a strong magnetic field is formed in the
said air gaps thus causing any arc, which may be formed or which may be in process
of forming across-these gaps to be deflected and broken.
Fig. 14 is a side elevation partly in section, and
Fig. 15 an end elevation partly in section, of one form of a commutator according
to this part of my invention.
The commutator plates CC are supported on a non-conducting flange j, j, fixed to
the shafts which carries the magnet M, M, the poles of which face the gaps between
the plates CC.
This electro magnet is preferably excited by the current which is rendered continuous
by the commutator to which this device is applied.
B B are the brushes, and K K is a stationary iron piece arranged as shewn for the
purpose of increasing the magnetic effect. This piece K K is suitably insulated by
inica or other suitable insulating material to prevent short circuiting through itself.
Other ways of carrying out this part of the invention will readily suggest themselves.

page_text: Thus the magnet M may be of other forms, and may be stationary instead of rotating
with the shaft s.
The several figures are shewn partly diagrammatically.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
and in what manner it is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a dynamo of alternate current kind an iron field magnet with an exciting coil or
winding within or without its core and with extensions or prolongations at the
respective ends or sides of such magnet forming at each side or end a number of
similar magnetic poles to act at the two sides or ends of coils constituting the arma-
ture, the magnetic poles at one side or end being of opposite kind to those at the other
side or end.
"
2. The arrangement of an alternate current dynamo as hereinabove described with
reference to and illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 or modified as in Fig. of the drawings
annexed, whether the circumferential magnetising coil or winding be attached to the
inside of the field magnet or to the armature.
3. In a dynamo of alternate current kind, an iron field magnet with an exciting
coil or winding without or external to its core and within the armature, and with
extensions or prolongations at the respective ends or sides of such magnet forming at
each side or end magnetic poles located at opposite sides of the armature substantially
as described with reference to Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings annexed, whether the
circumferential magnetising coil or winding be attached to the field magnet or to the
inner circumference of the armature.
4. A field magnet (whether rotary or fixed) built up substantially in the manner
described with reference to Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings annexed.
5. The arrangement of an alternate current dynamo as hereinbefore described with
reference to Fig. 6 or duplicated as in Fig. 6, of the drawings anne ed.
6. The arrangement of alternate current dynamo described with reference to Fig. 7
or modified as in Fig. 8 of the drawings annexed.
7. In an alternate current dynamo having armature coils with iron cores the
arrangement of laminated iron masses external to and alternately with such armature
coils, substantially in the manner described.
8. The arrangements of alternate current dynamo substantially as respectively
described with reference to Figs. 9. and 9 Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 of the drawings
annexed.
9. In an alternate current dynamo the arrangement of a field magnet of laminated
iron having a number of armature coils on its poles or projections (such field magnet
being either continuous or arranged in a number of separate parts and containing and
being magnetised by a coil or winding) in conjunction with laminated iron masses
caused to rotate in close proximity to the field magnet poles for the purpose of varying
the magnetic induction substantially as described with reference respectively to
Figs. 12 and 13 and Figs. 14 and 15 of the drawings annexed.
10. The use of either of the hereinabove described alternate current machines
having any suitable number of armature coils and field magnet poles in conjunction
with a commutator for the production of continuous currents.
11. In the commutator of a dynamo, the use of an electro magnet for the purpose
of preventing or reducing sparking, substantially as described with reference to
figs. 16 and 17 of the annexed drawings.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1ood.
W. M. MORDEY.
W. Lloyd Wisc,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.