IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING SCREWS, RIVETS, NAILS, SPIKES, AND ALL SIMILAR ARTICLES MADE OF METALLIC WIRE, AND IN THE MACHINES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: of Morvillars, Departement of Haut Rhin, France, Manufacturer of Wood
al Viellard-Migeon,
Screws, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING SCREWS,
RIVETS, NAILS, SPIKES, AND ALL SIMILAR ARTICLES MADE OF METALLIC WIRE,
AND IN THE MACHINES CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 3rd June 1859, and dated the 15th December 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Christophe
Nicolas Juvenal Viellard-Migeon at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December 1858.
I, FRANÇOIS CHRISTOPHE NICOLAS JUVENAL VIELLARD-MIGEON, of Morvillars,
5 Departement of Haut Rhin, France, Manufacturer of Wood Screws, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING
SCREWS, RIVETS, NAILS, SPIKES, AND ALL SIMILAR ARTICLES MADE OF METALLIC
WIRE, AND IN THE MACHINES CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a set of improved machines intended for manu-
facturing wood screws; but similar articles, such as rivets, nails, spikes, can
also be manufactured with the first of my machines. The whole set is
composed of four machines, each one of which works separately for performing
one of the required operations for perfecting a screw, and a subsidiary apparatus
connected to three of the said machines.
The annexed Drawings will give a sufficient idea of my machine for the
intelligence of the manufacturing process.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1st, is a vertical longitudinal section of the heading machine,
which can be applied for heading screws, rivets, nails, and similar articles; it
is espicially disposed for round heads. The wire W is brought into the
machine by
a common feeder d, d', worked by a special cam, the whol is
A

page_text: Dears
carried by a cast-iron frame A, A; the driving shaft B is cranked at B', and
bears two eccentrics or cams D, E, the crank works a toggle joint O, N,
which drives a slider in which two stamping punches Q, Q', are fitted. The
wire enters into suitable dies carried by the pincers V, which are actuated by
the eccentric D, lever G, and spring S. The pincers V are furnished with a
two pairs of dies, one above the other; the upper ones take hold of the wire
brought in by the feeders, and cut it off by moving down, and the upper punch
begins heading the round head, then the pincers opening begin to rise for catching
a new piece of wire, at the same moment a finger Z, actuated by the cam E
and lever H, bears on the end of the first partly headed piece and holds it
fast whilst the lower dies rise, and when the upper ones take hold of the wire
the lower ones take hold of the first partly headed piece, and it is then carried
down at the same time that the upper piece is cut off opposite to the lower
punch Q to be headed again, whilst the upper one receives the first pre-
paratory heading, then the pincers opening anew, the second or completely
headed screw falls down.
Heade
doidw
Fig. 2 is the vertical section of a feeding apparatus applied to the turning,
nicking, and cutting machines, to supply the place of the workman's hand.
This apparatus is bolted fast to the said machines; it is composed of a hopper
A, into which the blank screws are thrown by handfulls as they fall from the
heading machine; at the bottom of the hopper there is a narrow slot, through
which the screws V can partly pass, but their heads prevent them from falling
quite through. An endless chain C, C, runs on coged wheels B, H, the first
one being actuated by a set of bevel wheels; the motion is given by driving
pulleys P, P¹. The chain C is furnished with fingers D, D, which run through
the slot of the hopper, carrying along with them the blank screws V, V, which
pass out from the hopper to fall between two vertical plates T2, whence they
are conveyed to the shaft of the turning or other machine.
Fig. 3, Sheet 2nd, is a front elevation of the turning machine, the part of it
which is drawn with red ink belongs to the feeding apparatus. The screws V,
brought from the hopper, slide down between the plates T2, and fall into a
preparing tube A2, whence they are pushed by a rod into the jaws J of the
pincers, which are fitted at the end of the shaft A', running in the bearings
D, D', which are bolted fast on the frame B. When the screw is in the jaws,
the latter are shut by the action of a spiral spring fitted inside of the shaft A¹.
A rotative motion is given to the pulley P by a belt; this motion is com-
municated to a lower shaft C by a set of wheels and pinions r, pl, r; the
haft C revolves slower than the shaft A¹; it carries several cams that are not
hown on the Figure, the first one acts on a lever which actuates the turning

page_text: yc.
tool 0,
mantains the screw behind as the head is being turned. When the turning
is perfected, another cam, carried by the shaft C, actuates a slider K, which
pulls back the shifting box M on the shaft A¹, and connected with the pincers
5J, causing them to open, then the screw falls out, and another one comes into
its place in the pincers, and so on.
de
don Fig. 4 is an end view of the nicking or sawing machine. The screws
V to be nicked are conveyed from the hopper of the feeding apparatus
between vertical plates T2, they fall between the little fingers h, h¹, which
o hold them till they are taken hold of by special pincers P, which move
round the shaft E¹ by the action of the cam C¹ bearing on the lever
L. By the falling down of the pincers pulled back by the spring R¹
the screw is brought under the action of the circular saw S; this saw is
carried by the shaft A, to which a rotative motion is communicated by a set
of pinions and wheels a, b, c, d; the motion is imparted to the shaft G, on
which the cams C and C¹ are keyed, the latter actuates the pincers P, whilst
the former, bearing on the end of the lever L connected with the shaft E,
causes the arm J to push forward the shaft of the saw hung to an upper
steady shaft or rod, so as to nick the head of the screw, which is kept steady
by the pincers, and then the said pincers rise up and open to take hold of a
new screw, whilst the first one drops down, and the saw is carried back by a
spring R.
medi
aworoa edt doidw
ment
ft, end of
Fig. 5 is the plan of the cutting machine. The screw V to be cut is con-
veyed from the feeder into the jaws of suitable pincers J fitted to the left
the main shaft A; the power is applied directly to this shaft by a belt running
on the pulley Q. The shaft carries the conducting screw A, which can
revolve freely upon it; this screw is embodied with the toothed wheels c and d ;
the motion is imparted by the pinion a keyed on the shaft 1, and transmitted
by
a set of wheels and pinions b, c, d, e, e, f, f¹, first to the conducting screw A
with a slower speed, secondly and lastly, to the larger wheel g keyed on the
haft 5. This shaft, which runs very slowly, carries the cams G, C, and m,
he first one drives the feeding lever L", the second one actuates the comb E
rearing with the conducting screw A, and also the tool O, which cuts the
hread of the screw V; both comb and tool are carried by the sliding shaft 2,
which is caused to oscilate by the action of the cam C actuating a lever
mbodied with the bosses B₁, B', which are connected with the tool, and
tted on the shaft 2, as well as the comb bearer E2, E. When the comb
atches into the screw A, the shaft 2 slides towards the left, and the tool cuts
he screw V; the cam C causes the comb to catch thus several times before

page_text: the screw is perfected; each time the shaft 2 is brought back towards the right
by a spring. When the cutting is complete, the side cam m actuates the
lever L, which drives the shifting box M over the shaft 1, causing the jaws J
to open, then the screw V drops down, and a fresh one is supplied by the
mimi, sowat biss eds to
feeder.
sisiw madi vlque
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Francois Christophe Nicolas Juvenal Viellard-Migeon in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th June 1859.
vidwat
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCOIS
CHRISTOPHE NICOLAS JUVENAL VIELLARD-MIGEON, of Morvillars, Departement
of Haut Rhin, France, Manufacturer of Wood Screws, send greeting.
Bo WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Francois Christophe Nicolas Juvenal Viellard-Migeon, Her special
licence that I, the said Francois Christophe Nicolas Juvenal Viellard-Migeon,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francois
Christophe Nicolas Juvenal Viellard-Migeon, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING SCREWS, RIVETS, NAILS, SPIKES, AND ALL
SIMILAR ARTICLES MADE OF METALLIC WIRE, AND IN THE MACHINES CONNECTED
THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Francois
Christophe Nicolas Juvenal Viellard-Migeon, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
nd immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francois Christophe Nicolas Juvenal
iellard-Migeon, do hereby declare the nature of
anner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer- S
said Invention, and in what
ined in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My Invention includes a whole set of new machines used to nonfandu

page_text: the operation
ve.
recting wood screws. These operations, four
in number, consist, 1st, in heading or upsetting the head; 2nd, in turning
the head; 3rd, in nicking the head; 4th, in cutting the thread. Each one of
the said operations is performed by a separate machine, so that there are four
5 of the said new or improved machines; but my Invention also includes a
feeding apparatus, which is applied to the three last-mentioned machines to
supply them with blank screws, requiring to be either turned, nicked, or
threaded, as the said machines perform their work.
SOIT
so I will now proceed to describe successively the said machines in the order
10 in which they are required for obtaining a completely finished wood screw,
reference being had to the annexed Sheets of Drawings.
memeti
HEADING MACHINE, SHEETS I., II., AND III.
One of the greatest difficulties encountered in manufacturing wood
screws, or similar articles made of metallic wire, is the upsetting or
5 heading, especially when the heads are of a large size, or so shaped as
to require the upsetting of a great quantity of metal, and the difficulty
is much greater when the metal is of a harder nature. For instance, in
making round-headed screws, the piece of wire intended to produce the
big
3
1
2
head must project a great length out of the dies between
which it is held during the heading, as shewn in the sketch
No. 1; it would not be possible to form it in one operation
into the shape No. 3, even were the metal as soft as lead,
for it would bend over and make a shapeless head much
more so if the metal was hard and brittle. To avoid this
the round-headed screws are made in two operations, the
first produces the shape No. 2, which is then annealed and headed again
to bring it to the shape No. 3; this second operation is generally effected
under a fly press. On the machines in actual use for heading flat-headed
screws or blanks, the first operation described for round heads may be done
quickly and well, but the partly formed screw blanks must always undergo a
second heading after having been previously annealed as before stated. In
the machine of my Invention intended principally for making round heads,
the work is performed in a quite different manner; the wire rolled up on a
reel is brought into the machine as usual by a common feeder through a steel
plug adjusted in a solid cast-iron block, forming the top part of the machine,
he piece of wire required to produce a blank must project out of the steel
lug, then a pair of pincers, furnished with two pairs of dies of unequal
hickness, disposed one above the other, moves upwards, and the upper
dies

page_text: which are open, take hold of the wire, the pincers then shut and move down,
cutting off in their descent the piece of wire, which is brought to an inter-
mediate position opposite a flat-heading punch, which partly upsets the end of
the wire intended for the head in a countersunk recess in the dies. After
this first heading the punch retires, and a small bent lever or finger bears on
the partly formed head of the blank, holding it still while the pincers open
and move up anew for allowing the upper dies to take hold of a new piece
of wire, which is cut off and carried down as before to be submitted to the
first heading, whilst the one previously headed is taken hold of by the lower
dies, which are thinner than the upper ones, which dies bring the partly
headed blank opposite a second beading punch, having a spherical shaped
recess, which reduces it down to its final shape, whilst at the same time the
first punch upsets the second piece of wire, which is held between the upper
dies; then the pincers open and move up again, the completely headed blank
having fallen out of the lower dies, they take hold of the partly headed blank
which was in the upper ones, at the same time that the latter take hold of the
fresh piece of wire supplied by the feeder, which is repeated as long as there
is any wire on the reel. For each revolution of the main shaft a piece of
wire is supplied, cut off to the required length and brought down to be headed,
a blank is partly headed, and another one is completely finished and falls down
under the machine.
On the Sheets I. and II. of the annexed Drawings are complete views of
to sosiy o
my heading machine drawn to of its size; the Sheet III. contains separate
views of the pieces which constitute the principal improvements drawn size.
Fig. 1, general side view; Fig. 2, plan; Fig. 3, longitudinal vertical section
made through the line 1, 2, of the plan; Fig. 4, cross vertical section made
through the line 3, 4; and Fig. 5, end view on the side of the feeding organs.
The same letters of reference indicate the same pieces in all the Figures. A
solid cast-iron frame A, A, bears all the pieces of the machine; a main driving
shaft B is laid across upon bearings E", E", cast together with the frame; it
revolves in bosses fitted in the bearings E". The shaft B is crank shaped at
its middle part B¹, as shewn, Fig. 7; the crank B₁ actuates the heading
unches through a tozzle joint, as will be shewn hereafter; the said shaft
arries besides several cams for actuating the pincers carrying the discs,
eeding organs, &c. The pincers V, V, shewn Fig. 3, 4, 11, & 12, are in a
ertical position; they slide up and down between the guiding projections
A', of the frame, driven by the lever G, which is actuated by the cam D;
e spring S¹ pulling back the lever G after the passage of the cam causes
e pincers to move up. When they are in the position shewn, Fig. 3 and 4
S

page_text: &c.
ught the blank screws, which are then
headed by the heading punches Q, Q. The pincers are closed by the action
of side tozzle joints S, S, Fig. 4, which move between the projecting
guides A', A¹, of the frame, where they actuate the sliders 6, 62, which sliders
5 act on the jaws of the pincers; the set screws k', k', serve to give more or
less pressure to the jaws. When the pincers reach their lowest position,
Fig. 3 and 4, and the highest portion of the cam D maintains the lever G in
the position shown Fig. 1, by its bearing on the roller de, which revolve on
its axle fixed at the end of said lever, the crank B¹ of the driving shaft
10 reaching its upper position raises the tozzle joint N, O, by means of the
connecting rod M, as shewn, Fig. 3. The arms of the tozzle joint in straighten-
ing impel forward the ram Q, which slides between guides i, i; this ram
carries two punches Q1, Q", disposed one above the other in a square recess,
where they are kept fast by two set screws; a dovetail shaped steel key e
15 preserves the cast-iron ram from injury from the butt ends of the punches.
The set screw L allows the regulation of the degree of pressure of the
heading punches. One may see in Fig. 3 that the wire W is brought into
the machine by the feeder d, d', similar to those used in other machines of a
similar kind; this wire running through the bored head part A" of the
0 machine enters a steel plug, perforated to the precise size of the said wire.
The piece of wire 1 is seized by the upper dies X, which bring it down to 2,
(it is cut off in this descending motion by the sharp edge of the plug j³¹.) and
the upper punch Q upsets the head to the preparatory shape. The punch
then retires, and the dies open and move up again to take hold of a fresh
piece of wire, but before the opening of the dies, a small bent lever or finger
Z, Z¹, moves down and bears upon the partly headed blank, to hold it fast
during the upward motion of the dies. On reaching their upper position they
close, at the same moment the finger Z moves up, and the dies X bring
down the fresh piece of wire to the place where was previously the partly
headed blank 2, whilst the latter is taken hold of by the lower dies X', which
are thinner than the upper ones, and brought down to 3, opposite to the
shaping or finishing punch Q", which brings to the final or semi-spherical
shape, whilst the second piece of wire is struck the first time by the punch Q';
the dies then open anew, the blank 3 falls down, whilst the partly headed
blank 2 is held steady by the finger Z', and the same operation is repeated
ill the bundle of wire on the reel is exhausted. The cam E, fixed on the
haft B, shewn separately Fig. 7, half size, actuates the small lever o
inger Z, Fig. 3, which holds the blank after its first heading. The particula
rrangement of this movement is shewn, Fig. 13 and 14, on a double scale, i

page_text: is actuated by the cam E, as stated before; this cam acts upon a lever H,
shewn Fig. 3 and 5, this lever vibrates on the gudgeon o' fixed to the frame;
a rod k, hinged at its upper end, connects it to the small double-cranked
shaft Z, and by means of a combination of levers, as shewn Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 13, & 14, this shaft causes the finger Z¹ to bear upon the partly headed
blank to hold it steady after the first stamping, and releases it after it is
taken hold of by the lower dies X'. The particular movement of the pincers
V is shewn Fig. 6, which is a plan of all the organs belonging to it. A
portion of the driving shaft B is represented on which the cams C and D are
fixed, the first one actuates the lever F by bearing on the roller c², Fig. 1,
suitably attached to the end of said lever, the other end of which is keyed on
an intermedial transverse shaft B", which receives a vibratory motion from
the lever F. The shaft B is supported by two bearings F", embodied with
the frame; two arms I, I, are keyed on the shaft B, one at each end, the
ends of the said levers are shaped as shells or semi-spherical recesses I, I¹, as
shewn, Fig. 4 and 5. Hanging rods R, R, are attached to the tozzle joints
S, S, they bear in the shells I', and lift the tozzle joints up so as to tighten
the jaws of the pincers when the piece of wire 1 and partly headed blank 2,
Fig. 3 and 9, ought to be held firmly by the dies. When on the contrary
the dies ought to open, the cam C bearing no longer upon the lever F, the
springs R¹, R', which were pulled by the up motion of the arms I, pull back
the said arms to the lower position, and the rods R partake of this downward
motion, the rods R open the tozzle joints S, then the spring j causes the
pincers V to open, as shewn Fig. 11. The cam D, fixed on the shaft B, actuates
the lever G, which gives the motion to the pincers V, bearing the dies X and 2
X', which hold fast the screw blanks while they are being headed, as shewn
Fig. 1, 3, & 4. A roller de, suitably fitted at the end of the lever G, bears
n the cam D, this cam in its rotating motion raises the lever G, which moves
n the shaft B. The said shaft runs freely through the box J, which is
ttached to the lever by means of two lugs H, H', through which runs a S
lt g. The lever G is forked at the other end at G', G¹; the forked
rns G¹ are fastened by serews to the box J, and the position of the lever G
regulated by the said screws, so as to cause its motion to correspond
urately with the motion of the other organs. The box J carries an arm
the end of which is forked; each side of the fork forms a socket Ju, 3
ugh which runs a trunnion or journal T, forming the ends of a block, in
centre of which hinges the pincers V on a centre pin, running through
said block. to bod
gions ohiwile woyian a dive
18
he ends of the axles or trunnions T move in brass bearings

page_text: wwels, Nails, &c.
which side in grooves D made in the frame for guiding the upward motion
of the pincers V; this upward motion is produced by the reaction of the
spring S', as before said, which spring pulls down the arm of lever G,
raised up by the cam D. Directly after the passage of the said cam the
5 opposite end J¹ moves up, driving along the block T bearing the pincers; the
à dies are brought up by the pincers to their upper position, where they
take hold, the first ones of the piece of wire 1, the second ones of the partly
headed blank 2, when they are closed as aforesaid; then the cam D, actuating
the lever G, raises up the arm carrying the roller d2, whilst the forked arm J
brings down the pincers V. The upper dies carry down the piece of wire 1,
which is cut off by the sharp edge of the plug y, and bring it opposite the
plug æ, which sustains the pressure of the first heading of the punch Q¹.
It remains now to describe the feeding, which is performed by the grooved
wheels d', d¹, disposed as usual, and between which the wire, after being
previously straightened by the rollers h, h, is pinched and brought forward by
an intermittent motion, which, for each revolution of the fly wheel V', causes it
o advance a length proportionate to the blank to be produced.
The length of wire to be introduced is regulated by the rod L, one end of
which is jointed to a crank pin fixed on an adjustable slider f at the end of
he shaft B, where it is held at any required position by a set screw; the other
nd of the rod L hinges on a horizontal lever a, the centre of motion of which is
e shaft c, on which is keyed the ratchet wheel b, and also the lower grooved
ller d'. The lever a carries a pull q, which engases in the teeth of the
tchet wheel 61, and forces it forward a greater or less number of teeth,
cording to the eccentricity of the crank pin on the slider f, which can be
dified at pleasure.
threading
This apparatus is intended to supply the machines performing the successive
operations required for perfecting the screws after the blanks have been
0 headed, that is to say, 1st, to the turning; 2nd, the nicking; and 3rd, the
or cutting machines. The feeding apparatus is fastened to the
machine it is to supply with screws, and is actuated by the same movement;
some slight modifications are required to fit it to the machine it is intended to
supply. It is composed mainly of a hopper, into which the blanks or partly
finished screws are thrown by handfuls; these screws are of course turned in
all directions in the hopper, the bottom of which is cut through lengthwise
enter it freely, whilst the head remains inside. An endless chain, suitably
a narrow slit, wide enough, however, to suffer the body of the screw to
with

page_text: KS
disposed under the hopper, is actuated by the machine; some of the muks of
this endless chain carry a small peg or tongue, which enters and runs into the
longitudinal slit, causing the screws to fall into it, and carrying them along as
far as an aperture cut through the fore end of the hopper towards the top,
whence they issue to fall betwixt two vertical plates screwed fast to the
machine; then the screws are lifted by the chain; the slanting edge of the
vertical plates hold up the screws' heads, but the vibratory motion of the
machine, together with the weight of the screws, cause the said screws to
move slowly downwards until they are stopped by two small gates which
impede their passage, but which open by turns to allow them to drop one by
one into a preparing tube, whence a central rod pushes them into special
pincers belonging to the machine, which pincers hold them fast during the
operation that they have to be submitted to.
1910
The Sheets IV. and V. of the annexed Drawing shew a feeding apparatus
drawn to the scale of for working screws of from No. 14 to No. 18. The
Figures on Sheet IV. shew the hopper with its appendage, and the Figs.
of Sheet V. shew the other organs of the apparatus. Fig. 1, plan of the
hopper; Fig. 2, longitudinal vertical section made in the middle of the slit;
Fig. 3, end view on the side of the driving pulley; Fig. 4, cross vertical
section through the line X, X, shewing the side where the screws issue from
the hopper; A, hopper of an elongated shape, the transverse section of which
is triangular. Suitable swellings or lugs are cast together with the hopper
shell for bolting it fast on the machine to which it is to be connected; other
similar swellings serve as bearings for the driving pulley shaft. P, P, driving
pulleys, the one is keyed, the other loose on the shaft. A bevil pinion E on
the same shaft gears with a similar one F, the shaft of which carries a tooth
wheel H, which impels an endless chain C, C, C, which runs on a pulley H³,
and is tightened by a friction roller G. Some of the links of the endless chain
carry pegs or tongues D, D, D, which are bent as shewn, Fig. 3 and 4, so
as to allow them to run freely in the cleft a of the hopper, whilst the chain
itself runs under the said hopper. The tongues D, as they run through the
cleft a, find many of the screws thrown confusedly into the hopper, and
cause some of them to fall into the cleft, as shewn at V, V, V; these screws
are then carried along by the progressive motion of the chain the whole
ength of the cleft a, which is cut also through the left side of the hopper, as
hewn, Fig. 2 and 4, at V. To the upper part of the left side there is an aper-
ure I, through which the screws pass, getting thus out of the hopper into
nother cleft cut through a piece J, embodied with the hopper; this cleft is the
rolongation of that cut through the hopper. The piece J extends so far as

page_text: their own
port
ivets, Nails, &c.
two upright parallel plates T, attached to the machine; their upper edge is
slanting, and the heads of the screws resting on that edge, they gradually
slide down by the combined effect of the vibratory motion of the machine and
weight. The Figs. of Sheet V. exhibit the other organs of the
5 apparatus into which the screws fall as they issue from the hopper before
entering the machine that is to work them. oze awasba odada dasar
The arrangement shewn here is for supplying a turning machine; the sup-
B², Figs. 5, 8, and 9, is bolted fast to this machine, and all the other
s are attached to this support, firstly, the two upright directing plates T2,
10 betwixt which the screws pass when issuing from the cleft piece J of the
hopper. The screws, the heads of which rest on the upper slanting edge of
the plates T, as shewn, Fig. 5, slide down and drop one after the other into a
preparatory tube A2, whence they are introduced into revolving pincers fitted
into the principal shaft of the turning machine at the moment these pincers
15 open to take hold of the screws. Fig. 5 is a front view of the support B²,
with all its appurtenances; Fig. 6, the plan; Fig. 8, end view on the side
opposed to the hopper; Fig. 9, end view on the side of the hopper; Fig. 7,
horizontal longitudinal section through the axis of the preparatory tube; and
Fig. 10, cross section of the same tube A², made near the end V² through the
20 line Y, Z (Fig. 6 & 7). The support B2 carries two rims M, N, in which the
preparatory tube A² freely slides; the said tube is kept at its normal position
by the connecting rod c¹, driven by a lever connected with the machine at the
proper moment, as will be described.
Ji gaitlod Hed
The blanks of screws 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, &c., which are actually betwixt the
5 vertical plates T2, maintained on the slanting upper edge by their heads, are
caused to slide downwards by the jerking motion of the machine; they would
all of them fall into the tube A2, laying underneath, as soon as they issue from
the hopper were they not stopped by small sliding gates i and ¹, the shape and
arrangement of which are shewn in a large scale, Figs. 11 and 12; the
paddles I, l', of the said sliding gates enter suitable clefts cut through the front
vertical plate, and hinder the passage of the screws, as shewn Fig. 5. A screw I
having fallen within the tube, as shewn, Fig. 5 and 7, will remain there unt I
the
preceding one is completely turned; then the connecting rod c¹, Fig. 5,
hinged to a lever actuated by a cam suitably fixed on a shaft of the machine,
and revolving with a proportionate speed, pushes forward the piece k, the lower
part of which slides in a suitable slot or groove cut through the tube A, this
tube is carried along by the pressure of a small spring a lodged within it
Fig. 5 & 7), attached to the piece k, till the shoulder or flange S reaches the
top R fixed to the rim M; the tube A is then stopped in its forward motion,

page_text: its fore end V being near the open pincers of the turning machine; at this
moment the small spring a yields and slides within the tube, whilst the
elbowed piece k, advancing in the slot of said tube, pushes forward the inside
rod J, which rod pushes the screw I, Fig. 7, its body enters the jaws of the
pincers v, v, pressed upon by the springs r, r, whilst its head is stopped by the
said jaws; but at this moment the screw being entered into the pincers of the
machine, is seized and firmly held whilst the piece k and tube A2 move
back by the action of the spring and after the passage of the cam already
mentioned. It is the to-and-fro motion of the piece k that causes the screws
to fall into the preparatory tube, which takes place in the following manner:
The inclined plane d' carried by the piece k, raises on its forward motion the
end g¹ of a small arm carried by the shaft b¹; two cams p and p¹, carried by the
said shaft, actuate the ends n, n', of the arms carried by the sliding gates i, 2,
acting first on the gate i, which opens, the screw 1, Fig. 5, drops into the
tube A, the opening of which is under the space formed by the plates T2 and
guide C², the gate shuts at once by the backward motion of the piece k
and the action of the spiral spring R, Fig. 5; at the same time the
gate i opening by the action of the camp on the arm n, the screw 2 takes
the place of the screw 1 until the gate i¹ reopens, when the second screw drops
also into the preparatory tube. It is to be remarked that the motion of both
sliding gates i and it is almost simultaneous, the gate i shutting an instant
before the gate opens, and the latter shutting an instant before the former
pens, so that one screw only can pass at a time, either to drop into the tube A,
r to be prepared to drop therein. The hopper can always be disposed so as
hat the screws issuing from it may be turned in the right direction to be
ken hold of by the pincers of the machines either for turning, nicking, or
reading led as to en
i¹
27
of
nure antomatical motions the heads of wood screws
any shape; any other similar pieces could be turned also by the same
machine, which brings them accurately to the same diameter and shape,
which cannot be obtained in turning by hand. The blank screws from the
header are thrown by handfuls into the hopper of the feeding apparatus,
whence its organs, actuated by the turning machine, bring them one by one
into a preparing tube placed opposite to the main shaft of the turning machine,
which shaft carries suitable pincers, that open to receive the point of the screw
brought to them by the tube just spoken of, then a central rod pushes the screw,
and causing it to enter the pincers, that are suddenly shut up by the action of

page_text: a spi
runs
yc.
the shaft. When the screw is pinched
tight by the pincers, a cam fixed on a lower and parallel shaft, and driven by a
combination of tooth wheels, acts on the end of a lever carrying a cutting tool,
shaped to form the head, which tool moving forward gradually takes off at
5 first the rough edge, if any, and turns the head, whilst the body of the screw
in a small bearing carried by a lever actuated by another cam fixed on
the same shaft as the first one. As soon as t
As soon as the head has been turned, a third
cam, fixed on the same shaft as the two first ones, pushes forward a piece
attached to a sliding rod that carries a shifting fork which operates a sleeve or
cylinder sliding on the main shaft, compressing thus the inside spiral spring,
and causing the pincers which hold the screw to open; this screw, now
completely turned, is driven out by a small spring fixed to the hinge pin of
the pincers; another screw is directly introduced into the pincers, &c.nda bisa
The Sheet VI. of the Drawings annexed exhibit several complete and partial
views of my turning machine, the views of separate pieces are drawn full size,
and the complete views are to the scale of 1. The turning machines should
be built of various sizes, according to the size of screws they are intended to
turn; the one illustrated on Sheet VI. is for turning screws of the No. 15
to 17.W9192 blogs
la lino I were ed to only ods
Fig. 1, side view; Fig. 2, plan; Fig. 3, end view on the side of the
gearings; Fig. 4, end view on the side of the feeding apparatus; as the said
apparatus is but an appendage of the machine that is to be described, it is
delineated in red lines in all the Figures, in order to avoid confusion with the
machine that I will now proceed to describe.
B, B, B, B, solid cast-iron frame carring all the other pieces, and supported
by four legs, which legs rest on a suitable bench or on the floor if long enough;
A, main shaft, actuated by the prime mover by means of a belt running on the
pulley P. The shaft A runs in suitable brasses fitted in the bearings D, D',
n the headstock D", which is bolted fast at n, n, on the frame B, on which it
an be shifted to suit the length of the screws to be turned. The shaft A
arries a pinion p gearing with the wheel loose on the shaft g; this
haft is held fast by a nut 7 to the projection t of the bearing D¹; the wheel
3 embodied with a pinion p¹ that gears with a wheel ¹, keyed fast on the
haft C; this shaft carries several cams, the motions of which operate all the
equired movements on the various organs mentioned for performing the work
equired; of course, the diameters and number of teeth of wheels and pinion
re calculated so as to obtain the proper speed for bringing forward the cuttin
bol and maintaining it during the time required for turning the head; th
peed may be modified for screws of various diameters. The main shaft A

page_text: shewn full size in a sectional view, Fig. 5; the parts A', A', are the Journals
corresponding to the bearings D, D'. The shaft has a central hole in one
part of its length, and a rectangular mortice is cut through the other part;
a rod T, with a helical spring S wound around, is lodged in the central
hole of the shaft A, and in a part of the mortice which is divided in
two compartments by a partition V, against which the end of the spring S
bears, whilst the rod T can slide freely through a central hole in the
partition; the end of the said rod is formed as a collar, fitting in
a key W, in which it is secured by a washer and a pin; the key W
can slide in the portion X of the mortice. The rod T is shaped at Y with
a double elbow x, x, against which the other end of the spring S bears,
which thus pushes constantlythe rod leftwards; the shoulders a are rounded off,
and small levers d, d, hinging with them at 1, 1, are jointed at 2, 2, with the
long arms H, H, of pincers lodged in the shaft, forming thus a double tozzle
joint. The short arms J, J, of the pincers are furnished with steel dies pierced
with a hole concentric with the shaft A, this hole must be of the size of the
screw to be turned. The pincers play in a slot or mortice cut through the
end of the shaft, and are held by the centre bolt f of the hinge motion which
passes through the shaft A, and is held by its head and nut, which is shewn,
Figs. 1, 2, 5, & 6. The helical spring S, which bears constantly at one
end against the partition V, and at the other against the double elbow of the
rod T, drives the said rod towards the left, forcing the double tozzle joint to
straighten, as shewn, Fig. 5, shutting thus the pincers to hold the blank
screw V' as it is being turned. I prefer placing the helical spring within
rather than on the outside of the shaft A, as it has been used previously for
the same purpose. Fig. 6, end view of the shut pincers, the dies of which
hold the screw as it is being turned. For opening the pincers and releasing
the screw when the head is done turning, the rod T must be driven back
towards the right, which takes place by the motion of the sliding box M
running over the partition V; this box in its sliding motion towards the left
pushes the key W, and the latter carries along the rod T, to which it is secured
as aforesaid by a washer and a pin.
Now the construction and work of the main shaft and pincers being
anilonl
escribed, I will proceed to describe the work of the other organs whilst the
ead is being turned. The blank screws being thrown into the hopper, as
foresaid, are brought by the feeding organs between two parallel vertical
ates T attached to the frame, the body only of the screws passing betwixt
e plates, the head resting on the slanting edge, as shewn, Fig. 1. The jerking
otion of the machine would cause the screws to slide down on the inclined

page_text: edges of the plates as soon as they issue from the hopper, but their down-
ward motion is checked by the small gates i, i, as it was described before, so
that only one screw can pass at a time to be brought into the pincers to
succeed the one that has been turned. It is the side cam I', keyed on the
5 shaft C, which performs this motion by its action on a small roller c at the
end of a lever which moves on the same axis as the lever 61, and is con-
stantly pulled on one direction by a helical spring, the lever 6', by the inter-
vention of the connecting rod c¹ moves a rod placed within the preparing tube
A cleft lengthwise; a blank screw is presented in this tube ready to enter the
O pincers that are opened at this moment to take hold of it, the central rod
pushes forward the blank screw i, the head is stopped by a pair of small pinching
springs fixed within the tube A², which is then moved forwards by the rod c¹,
the tube A2 by this means brings the screw V¹ into the pincers of shaft A, that
hold it while the inclined plane d' lifts up a small arm g', which causes the
to open, allowing the blank V", stopped betwixt the plates T², to drop
gate
into the preparing tube. As the inclined plane d' moves back a spring S pulls
back the arm g¹ that causes the gate to shut, and almost simultaneously the
gate i to open, the latter allows the passage of the screw that is take the place
of the one just dropped into the tube A2 through a suitable aperture, which is
to remain in the said tube till the preceeding one is done turning.
Lagi T
At the same moment that the blank screw has been taken hold of by the
pincers, the cam F, keyed on the shaft C, bears on the roller a at the end of the
lever L, which lever vibrates on an axle U; the upper arm Q of the same
lever is arranged to hold the circular turning tool O, which is shewn full size,
Figs. 7 and 8; the said tool is grooved in its convex side to suit the shape of
the screw head, as shewn, Fig. 7, which permits the grinding of it very easily;
is held on the piece Q by means of a plate J2 and screws L. The cam F
is so shaped that the tool is brought gradually up to the head of the screw to
be turned, then when the head is rounded off, the last portion of the cam being
concentric, the tool rests still, which procures a very nice turning and near
polishing the head. The true position of the tool O, to get a proportionate
nclination for the purpose of turning all the heads accurately to the sam
liameter, is regulated by means of a helical spring g, Figs. 1, 3, 4, and 8
which can be compressed to the required pitch by the nut b"; the pliancy o
he spring saves the edge of the tool, which yields if a head of a larger siz
submitted to its action, else the machine might stop, or if the tool wa
ngaged too deeply it might even break. The shaft H' of the tool leve
noves in the bearings F, F"; one end of said shaft bears against the sprin
the other end is furnished with a small roller j, which bears against th
3

page_text: inclined end of the piece v, the position of which may
according to the length of the screw to be turned. When the lever L is raised
by the passage of the cam F, the roller j moves up the incline v, which
pushes back the lever, the axle of the latter sliding in its bearings, which
allows the tool to turn the flat side of the head at the same time that the
taper or under side is being turned by the direct forward motion of the tool,
then when the cam has done its work and the tool is moving back, there is no
danger of its point spoiling the head, it touches it no longer, being pulled
back by the spring S2. The incline v, such as shewn, Figs. 1 and 2, is in the
required position for turning flat tapered heads; for turning round heads it
must be in an inverted position, in order to have the portion of the tool turning
the under face of the head driven towards the right when moving back after
the turning is over, always for the purpose of preventing its point spoiling the
smooth side. At the same time that the cam F is working on the roller a to
bring the turning tool O forward, another cam G, placed near the first one on
the same shaft C, works on the roller b, fitted at the lower end of lever B³,
which moves on the stud U%, and pushes the arm N by means of a projection
b'; the arm N carries a die h with a half-round groove cut at its end, this
groove maintains the body of the screw next to the head whilst the screw is
being turned, in order to prevent its bending; the tool holder Q and die
holder N are drawn full size, Figs. 7 and 8. The cams F and G, which
actuate them, are shewn separately to the scale of 3, Fig. 9 and 10. When
the turning of the head of the screw V¹ is terminated, another cam E,
nd 10. When
shewn separately on the same scale, Fig. 11 and 12, carried also by the
shaft G, works on the roller I, fitted at the end of the arm N2, embodied with
a shifting fork sliding with the rod R; the forked piece k clasps the shaft A,
causing the box M to slide towards the right; the key W follows this motion,
carrying along the rod T, the elbows a of which press the spring S against the
partition V, whilst they cause the pincers to open by driving the arms d, d.
When open, a little spring e, attached to their axis f, drives out the screw V¹,
which was pressing upon it. Immediately on this screw falling out, another
ne, which was ready in the preparing tube A2, is presented to the pincers, and
he work goes on as before described.
All the pieces that are actuated by cams are returned to their normal
edt
osition after the passage of the cams by helical or other springs, which
rings are shewn in blue lines on the various Figures, and by the inspection
the said Figures their mode of action will be easily understood without
rther explanation.
According to the length of the screws to be turned, the bearings DD

page_text: 10
ewesela
bo
dord
the shaft A can be shifted either way on the frame B, fitted for this purpose
with suitable slides. In order to prevent the shaft A having any end motion,
it is maintained at its right end by a bearing or tail screw v¹. The position
of the cutting tool is adjusted by the spring S2 and incline v, which can be
5 moved forth or back according to the requirements. The travelling motion
of the preparing tube and its inner rod is also regulated at pleasure by a
stopping screw that is not shewn on the Drawing; in short, it will be seen
by the combinations described, that it is perfectly easy to turn screws of all
lengths, from of an inch to 4 inches long, or even longer, if required.
10110
194.
From the arrangement of the preparing tube all the blank screws brought
to the revolving pincers of the shaft A must be taken hold of by said pincers;
no screw can get out from the tube without entering the pincers, because
their head is prevented from getting out by two small inner springs before
mentioned, and were not the screws seized upon and pulled out from the
was
tube by the pincers when the former moves back, it will carry them back, and
the different movements would be performed, but without result, until the
attendant, perceiving that there was something out of order, would arrange
the difficulty; but no blank screw can fall out without having been previously
turned, as is the case with other similar machines. bod ei austajam
ib bna oblon
go sobo,berius gnied
Bidw, bas NICKING OR SAWING MACHINE.-SHEET VII.
od W
W9102
19blod
After issuing from the turning machine the screws are thrown into the
hopper of a feeding apparatus connected with a nicking machine. These
screws being carried along by the endless chain are brought into suitable
pre-
paring organs that belong to the nicking machine, from which they are taken
one by one by pincers, which, when opening to take hold of them, release the
crew that they were holding, the head of which has just been nicked. The
aid pincers are carried by a shaft, which is caused to vibrate by the action of
cam, and during this motion a moveable wedge-shaped stop entering the
aws of the pincers, forces them open, the nicked screw falls down, and the
incers continuing to move escape from the stop, and closing by the action of
itable springs, take hold of another screw brought to the proper place by
e preparing organs, and carry it with them in their back motion, produced
the action of a helical spring; the pincers remaining then motionless, hold
e screw firmly, its head being presented to the action of a circular saw held
st by a nut betwixt two washers on the main shaft of the machine. This
aft, which actuates the other organs, rotates in bearings, which hang from
upper shaft in such a way that the shaft of the saw can have an oscillatory
tion, which is communicated to it by the alternate motion of a scroll-
B

page_text: shaped cam, which pushes gradually the saw against the screw, and a
helical spring, which brings it back as soon as the action of the cam ceases,
and the nick is deep enough.
In Sheet VII. of the annexed Drawings there are complete views and
details of the said machine, full size, for screws from No. 5 to 11. Fig. 1,
view of the side opposite to the gearings; Fig. 2, end view on the pincers'
side; Fig. 3, general plan; Fig. 4, detached view of the driving shaft, bearing
the saw and its bearings; Fig. 5, 6, & 7, separate views of the pincers which
bring the screw to the circular saw, and which hold it while its being
nicked.
All the organs of the machine are fitted on a cast-iron frame B, B. The
circular saw S, intended for nicking the screws, is carried by the shaft A,
provided with a pulley Q, which is driven by a belt, as usual. The shaft A
runs in bearings D, D, hanging from an oscillating shaft F, the axles t, t, of
which are supported by the uprights B1, B', of the frame. A pinion a is
fixed on the shaft A, which gears with a wheel b that runs loose on the end
of shaft F. The wheel b is embodied with a pinion c, gearing with a second
wheel d, keyed on the shaft G, which carries two cams C and C¹; the shaft
G runs in bearings on the stands H, H. The cams C and C¹ work on the
levers L and L', the latter being embodied with the shaft E¹; the latter
shaft carries the pincers P, and the cam C¹ actuating the roller g', attached
at the end of the lever L', causes this shaft to oscillate. The pincers move
up and take hold of the screw V', shewn Fig. 1 in the preparing organ of
the feeding apparatus, then the cam C continuing its motion, the spring R
pulls back the pincers to their normal position, as shewn Fig. 1, 5, and 6, s
where they present the screw to the action of the saw.
screw I serves to regulate the true position of the pincers. When the screw
The stopping
V has been brought by the latter opposite to the saw, which, however, does
not yet touch it, then the cam C begins to work on the roller g fitted at the
end of the lever L, embodied with the shaft E, which oscillates on its axles a
K, K, in suitable bearings carried by the frame. As the lever L oscillates,
he arm J bears on the rod N, and pushes forward the projection O, embodied
ith the socket D', in which the shaft of the saw rotates, which shaft is thus
adually pushed forward, the cam C being shaped as shown, Fig. 1, so as to
oduce a suitable motion. The stopping screw I is used to regulate the 3
pth of the nicking, according to the diameter of the saw. When the
981
n C ceases its action on the roller g, the spring R' pulls back the socket
with the saw; then the cam C¹ impells again the lever L'. The pincers
ve up the nicked screw held betwixt their jaws m, m, by the action of

page_text: the small springs r, r; in moving up the pincers meet the lever U, wedge-
shaped, the end of which entering betwixt the jaws, forces them open, and the
screw being thus released from their clasp falls out, whilst the pincers con-
tinuing their motion pass over the lever U, and closing by the action of the
5 springs r, r, take hold of a fresh screw V¹. The lever U hinges at u, and is
kept to its place by a small helical spring fixed to the other end, but which
is not shewn on the Figure. The pincers P, as they return with the screw,
depress the lever U, the end of which pressing on the head of the screw,
forces it to its place before it is presented to the action of the saw. The
10 small springs r, r, which close the pincers to seize the screw, would not hold
it tight enough when the saw works; to do this the pincers are brought
between a pair of rollers M, M1, the axles of which are carried by levers e, X,
Fig. 2, hinging at i and i¹; the first one is kept motionless in the position
regulated by the stopping screw f, whilst the lever X, carrying the roller M¹,
5 is governed by the spring T, which allows it to yield it, the screw held by the
jaws m should be thicker than it ought to be, so that the pincers always move
clear down to the stopping screw I. It will be perceived that it is always
easy to regulate the depth of the nicking, either on putting on another saw,
or if the screws should have thicker heads, by the help of the rod N, Fig. 1
and 2, and the set screw I¹. It is also very easy to regulate the position of
ettal
bado
19791
the saw, and to bring it to the very centre of the screw by the help of the
stopping screw I, Fig. 1, 2, 5, and 7, rollers M and M³, Figs. 2, 3, and 6, and
setting screw L", Fig. 2 and 3, which screw can modify the position of shaft F,
and with it the saw S.
bet adi
The preparing organ of the feeder, drawn in red lines, Figs. 1, 2, 3, is com-
posed, as described before, of two parallel or twin plates T2, attached together
so as to leave a space between them of the thickness of the body of the screws
to be nicked, which screws are brought from the hopper as aforesaid. The
twin plates are not bolted fast on the frame B of the nicking machine, but the
one nearest the machine is fitted on an axle Z, which allows of adjusting them,
so that the screw held by the small fingers h, h', may be brought exactly to the
place to be seized by the pincers P. The position of the plates T is regulated
by a stopping screw v² into a projection t² of one of the plates; this screw rests
gainst a corresponding projection s of the frame, so that if any impediment
vas to be introduced between the plates T2 and the pincers P, the plates T
yould yield to the pressure, and the pincers would raise up the said plates,
which on the descent of the pincers would return to their original position by
he action of a helical spring, not shewn on the Figure.
The screw V', dropping freely from betwixt the plates T2, enters at first
R9

page_text: between the small spring fingers h, h', which hold it until it is carried down
by the pincers P, which force them to open to allow the screw to get out.
The small spring fingers or pincers h, h', are so arranged that their distance
from one another can be adjusted at pleasure by a setting screw according to
the length of the blank screws they have to maintain.
CUTTING OR THREADING MACHINE, SHEETS VIII. AND IX.
The machine for cutting the threads of the screws is illustrated on the
Sheets VIII. & IX. As well as the cutting and nicking machines, it is
provided with a feeding apparatus, but the same as for each of them; it must
be slightly modified.
After issuing from the nicking machine the screws are thrown into the
hopper of the threader, and are brought by the endless chain, as has been
described previously, to a preparing tube, into which they are caused to drop
one by one; the preparing tube is in the prolonged line of rotation of the
main shaft, the head of the blank being turned towards this shaft, which
carries pincers, into which the screw to be threaded is carried. The pincers
are shut by the action of an inner helical spring, and pinch the screw, which
is also supported behind by a die, it revolves then at a great speed with the
shaft, which is driven directly by the motive engine. The rotative motion is
communicated by a set of gearings to a conducting screw fitted on the same
shaft, but revolving much slower than is; a comb carried by a shaft, capable
only of a sliding and oscillating motion, catches in the conducting screw, the
threads of which in its rotation drive the comb towards the left; the latter
carries with it its shaft, which bears the cutting tool at the other end. This
tool is caused to bear on the screw held by the pincers at the same time that
the comb catches in the conducting screw by the action of a regulating notched
cam carried by a third shaft revolving slowly; this cam works on a lever
attached to the sliding shaft, which it causes to oscillate; the tool begins
utting near the head, but as the thread could not be made deep enough in a
ingle cut, at each notch of the regulating cam in which the lever enters, both s
he tool and comb move back; the sliding shaft being free is returned to its
atural position by a spring, and the cutting begins anew.
m, which has 8, 10, or more, according to the size of the screw, cuts the
Each tooth of the
read deeper; at last, when it reaches the required depth, the lever falls into
onger notch, and at the same moment another cam, fixed on the same shaft 3
the first one, moves a lever carrying a shifting fork, which works a sliding
on the main shaft, which causing the pincers which hold the screw to open,
at the same time a small lever which supports the die in which the screw rests

page_text: whilst it is being cut, moves also, and allows this die to recede; by the action of
a spring the finished screw drops freely down, and is directly replaced by
another which was ready in the preparing tube.
The thread cutting operation produced by the succession of motions just
5 described will be easily understood by the inspection of the Figures in Sheets
VIII. & IX. The Figs. 1, 2, 3, & 4 and general views of the machine.
Fig. 1, side view; Fig. 2, plan; Fig. 3, end view on the side of the regulating
cam and tool; Fig. 4, end view on the side of the gearings. These four Figures
are drawn to of full size for a machine for cutting screws from No. 15 up to
10 No. 20. Fig. 5, drawn half size, is a longitudinal section of the main shaft,
bearing the revolving pincers, conducting screw, and pulley, actuated by the
prime mover. The Figs. 6, 7, 8, and all those in Sheet IX. which are views
of separate pieces, are drawn also half size. All the pieces of the machine are
carried by a cast-iron frame B, B. The feeding apparatus represented in red
5 lines in Figs. 1 and 2 is also made fast on the said frame.
The main shaft 1, Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, carries the pulley Q, conducting
screw A, fixed on the free revolving box h and pinion d, keyed at its right end;
the said pinion gears with the wheel b, running loose on the sliding shaft 2,
carrying the comb and tool; the pinion 6' is embodied with the wheel b, it
gears with and impells the wheel c, keyed on the free box h, which carries the
conducting screw A; the pinion d is embodied with the wheel c, it gears with
the wheel e, which revolves loose on the axle 3, attached to the frame; the
pinion e' is embodied with the wheel e, it gears with and impells the wheel f,
keyed on the shaft 4, bearing also the pinion f', which gears with the wheel g,
keyed on the shaft 5; this latter shaft carries the regulating cam C, Fig. 1, 2,
and 3; the ungearing or opening cam m, Fig. 2, shewn separate, half size,
Figs. 19 and 20, Sheet IX., and the cam G, which actuates the lever L² for
bringing into the rotating pincers the blank screws dropped from the feeder
into the preparing tube A².
The main shaft, which is represented separately, half size, in longitudinal
section, Fig. 5, is constructed on the same principle as the shaft of the turning
machine previously described. It is actuated from the moving engine by a
belt running on the pulley Q; this shaft revolves in brasses fitted in the
bearings D, D, forming part of the frame; the pinion d is fixed at its end, as
above stated; the said pinion actuates all the other movements. A cast-iron
ox or hollow shaft h is fitted on the main shaft 1; the box h is embodied
with the wheel c and pinion d; the tempered steel conducting scrow A is also
itted on the box h; the comb E, Figs. 1, 2, and 2 2, catches in the screw A;
t is the regularly advancing motion of the comb caused by the rotation of the

page_text: conducting screw which causes the cutting of the thread. Two brass rings,
fitted snug in the box h, are its friction bearings on the shaft 1; the speed of
the latter must be calculated in proportion to that of the box h and conducting
screw, in order to obtain a pitch in proportion with the diameter of the screw
to be cut; this pitch can be modified at pleasure, as well as the depth of the
thread, by modifying the combination of the gearings, and changing the regu-
lating cam C, the performance of which will be described hereafter. A', A",
Fig. 5, are the journals of the shaft 1, corresponding to the bearings D, D;
this shaft, on the right part of which the box h rotates, as described, in every
other respect exactly resembles that of the turning machine, Fig. 5, Sheet VI.,
so that I think it useless to describe it again. The construction then of the
main shaft, and performance of all its organs, being well understood, it remains
now to describe the duty of the other organs, and the complete method of
working the machine. The shaft 5, Figs. 2, 3, 4, 19, and 20 carries, 1st, the
wheel g, that receives a slow motion proportionate to the thickness and length
of the screw to be cut; 2nd, the cam m, which causes the box M to slide by
means of the lever L, to open the pincers when the screw is finished, and also
releases the die D' by help of the rod L' and lever N, this die supports the
screw V whilst it is being cut; third, the cam C, which regulates the depth of
the cuts, causes the comb E to catch in the conducting screw A, and the tool O
to cut the screw V; 4th, the cam G, which works upon the lever L2, the said
lever causing the screws supplied by the feeder to be introduced in the pincers.
The shaft 2, shewn on the general views, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet VIII.,
and on the detached views, Figs. 10, 11, 12, 21, 22, and 23, Sheet IX., slides
in the bearings P1, P1, the wheel b runs loose upon its end; it carries the
comb E, which I prefer to be made of gun metal. The hub of the comb
holder is fitted loose on the shaft 2, on which it could move freely were it
not held by a serew bolt g on the stay C, the hubs E2 of which are fastened
on the shaft by set screws g¹, g¹. A stiff spring R, placed betwixt the comb
holder and stay, holds the first one firmly enough to make it gear with the
conductor A, but it would yield if any impediment was to interfere, preventing
thus the breaking of some piece. When the comb catches into the conductor
A, it will be observed that the shaft 2 slides towards the left, and that the
tool O, brought at the same time to bear upon the screw V held by the pincers
of the revolving shaft, cuts the thread of the said screw. It is the lever K
which causes the comb E to catch into the conductor A and the tool to cut
he screw V at the same time; the lever K is embodied with the stay or
guide M², Figs. 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, and 11, the hubs of which B', B', are fitted
oose on the shaft 2, which can move freely through them. The tool holder Ta

page_text: the hub of which is keyed on the shaft 2, partakes of all the motions of the said
shaft. The tool or cutter O, which is drawn full size Fig. 9, is placed obliquely
in its holder, and held by a set screw I²; the tool holder J2 is provided with an
arm forming a hub U to the end, through which passes a setting screw V2,
5 which bears on the top of the guide M². A helical spring S2, attached on
one side to the hub U and on the other to the frame, compels the screw V2 to
bear upon the guiding piece M², which forms the end of the arm 1 that hinges
on the shaft 2. The other arm K of the same lever is curved at its end,
which projects upwards at I, Figs. 3, 6, 7, 8, and 11, and the spring S², by its
10 pressure on the arm l, causes the projection I to enter the notches of the
cam C, shewn Fig. 3, as these notches arrive opposite to it, whilst the plain
portions of the cam, pressing upon the said projection I, push it downwards,
causing the shaft or spindle 2 to oscillate, the comb E to catch in the con-
ducting screw A, and the tool O to cut the screw V. Now this being well
5 understood, the manner in which the machine works is as follows:-The
screw V, Fig. 1, 2, and 5, being introduced into the pincers at J by the
central rod of the preparing tube A2, the said pincers are shut by the helical
spring S after the passage of the cam m, which had opened them by its
working on the lever L, the forked part o¹, o¹, of which, Fig. 1, 2, 17, and 18,
O causes the box M to slide and compress the spring S. When the pincers
were open, the end I of lever h¹ was engaged in the wide notch of the cam C,
and the comb and tool were removed from the conductor A and screw V. As
soon as the pincers are shut, holding a new screw, the first tooth of the cam C
bearing on the end I, lowers the lever K, and the shaft 2 oscillating by the
action of the screw V2, Fig. 11, causes the comb E to catch in the con-
ductor A, and bring the point of the tool upon the screw V; as the comb
catches in the conductor its holder E2 forces the shaft 2 towards the left, the
latter carries along the tool holder J2, and the point of the tool O, suitably
sharpened, cuts a helical groove around the screw; but as the body of the screw
must be a little tapered and the end pointed as a gimlet, this peculiar form is
produced by a steel plate s, fitted on the stay M³, where it is maintained at
the required position by a set screw v and helical spring r, Figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 8
and 10; this plate being tapered and thicker on the left, the tool holder is
raised gradually as it advances, and the tool in consequence cuts deeper
towards the end of the screw, but when it arrives at the point it is raised up
by a short steep incline S, shewn Fig. 10, which gives the point something
the shape of a gimblet s. The position of the regulating plate s can be adjusted
at pleasure by means of the screw v, according to the various lengths of the
screws to be cut. The tool cuts, as before described, a helical groove around the

page_text: When the last notch
hook entering it the
screw V during the passage of the first tooth of the cam C over the end 1 of
the lever K; but as this first cutting of the tool is not deep enough, several
successive cuttings are required, according to the diameter of the screw; this
is performed as follows:-When the first tooth of the cam C has passed a
notch arrives, into which the end I enters by the action of the spring S2,
which pulls downwards the tool holder, pressing upon the arm 1 of the
lever K, l, and causes the shaft 2 to oscillate, which removes at the same
time the tool O from the screw V and the comb E from the conductor A;
then the shaft 2 is brought towards the right by the spring R, attached at one
end to a stud or pin fixed to the shaft, and at the other end to the frame B;
then the second tooth of the cam C depresses the end I, the comb catches
anew in the conductor A, and the tool begins again to cut the groove, but a
little deeper, because the second tooth is higher than the first one, the 3rd tooth
must be a little higher than the second one, and so on.
of the cam arrives over the end of the lever K, this
effect before described is produced, at the same time the cam m, fixed on the
shaft 5, works on the lever L, which pushes the sliding box M and the pincers
open, allowing the finished screw to drop out, but this screw being supported
behind by a die D' during the cutting action of the tool O, it is necessary to
remove this die, in order to let the finished screw drop out freely, and to
permit the introduction of a fresh screw into the pincers; this then is what
takes place :-The die D¹, shewn in the detached views, Figs. 24, 25, and 26,
is carried by a lever hinged on the axle a¹; the die D is held at j by a small
lever hinging at u on the frame; the arm N of this lever is connected to the
lever L by a rod L'; when the latter is acted upon by the cam m, it pulls the
former with it, and the end j no longer holding the die D¹, the spring k³,
Fig. 3, 24, and 26, pulls it back, allowing the finished screw to drop out
freely, and the blank screw to be introduced to the pincers J. After the
passage of the cam m, the lever L is pulled back to its original position by the
action of the spring S, which causes the box M to slide upon the shaft 1; in
this sliding motion the rod L' actuating the lever N, the latter brings the die
D' behind the blank screw which has just been seized by the revolving
pincers, and operation recommences, as described.
As it was herein-before stated, the Sheets VIII. & IX. of the annexed
Drawings contain general and detached views of the cutting machine. The S
igures 1, 2, 3, 4 are general views drawn to the of the natural size; Fig. 5,
ongitudinal section of the main shaft, half size; Fig. 13 and 14, transverse
3
ections of the frame through the lines I., II., and III., IV., on the same scale
the Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4; Figs. 6, 7, 8, lever with a regulating plate G

page_text: oscillating and sliding shaft 2, causing both the comb and tool to work simul
taneously; Figs. 10, 11, 12, tool holder keyed on the sliding shaft 2, between
the hubs of the preceding lever; Fig. 9, cutting tool drawn drawn full size, its
shape is shewn by a transverse section; Figs. 17 and 18, lever actuating the
5 sliding box M for opening the pincers; Figs. 19 and 20, cam keyed on the shaft
5, and working on the lever shewn Fig. 17 and 18; Figs. 15 and 16, bearings
of the shafts 3 and 4, they can be shifted on the frame in order to allow
changing the combinations of wheels and pinions to modify the speeds; Figs. 21
and 23, stay of the comb holder made fast on the sliding shaft by set screws;
Fig. 22, comb holder fitted on the shaft 2, and connected with its stay by a
bolt and stiff spring; Figs. 24, 25, 26, die supporting the screw during the
cutting action of the tool and lever holding the said die.
my
wers
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of said
Invention, and in what manner the same is or may be carried into effect, I
declare in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise
details or arrangement, nor to the particular forms or shapes of the mecha-
nical contrivances before described, so long as the general features and character
of the said Invention are preserved; but what I claim as constituting my
Invention in the set of five machines described, is as follows, that is to say,
I claim for all of them, the general arrangement and combination of all the
composing parts as herein-before described for manufacturing wood screws
from metallic wire, and the application of some of them for manufacturing
rivets, nails, spikes and similar articles, and more particularly,―
I. In the heading machine I claim, first, the vertical pincers fitted with two
or more pairs of dies of unequal thickness for holding the wire during the cutting
and the upsetting of the head; three pairs of dies might be used if required,
each one corresponding to a heading punch, or the two pairs used being of the
same thickness, the first ones should not be countersunk, but the corresponding
header would have a recess to give the blank screw's head the preparatory shape
necessary for the required final shape; second, the means used for changing
the blank screw from the first to the second pair of dies, and the combined
motions of the various organs as described for holding fast the blank after it
first upsetting as the opened lower dies move up to take hold of it, as it ha
been described and is represented in the annexed Drawings, Sheets I., II., an
III. I shall remark that the contrivance represented in the said Drawing
for holding the blank screw as aforesaid, after the back motion of the heade
is the opened lower dies ascend, might be replaced by any other mechanic
contrivance for the same purpose; for instance, if both pairs of dies we
4,8,9,1 agil od
bolta

page_text: doem on to
of the same thickness, small spring nippers or any other similar organ migue
ed guitauba
be used.
augustis
II. In the feeding apparatus, I claim the particular disposition of an endless
chain furnished with pegs or tongues, the said chain travelling under a hopper
containing blank screws, which are caught by the tongues or pegs passing along
in a cleft cut through the bottom of the hopper, to bring them out of the said
hopper and into a preparatory organ to supply any one or more of the machines
aforesaid, as described and shewn in the Sheets IV. and V. I must observe,
as regards this apparatus, that the blank screws thrown into the hopper may
be carried out to supply the machine by an endless chain, a rack, a screw, &c.,
but besides the said organs, the combined action of gravitation, and of the
shaking movement of the machine, will also be used for moving the blanks
along the inclined cleft of the hopper.
foot
OVER
III. In the turning machine, I claim, first, the application of a preparing
tube combined with the action of the feeder, and placed in a right line with
the principal shaft of the machine to the revolving pincers, of which it presents
directly the blank screws, rivets, or other similar articles to be turned, which
it abandons only when they are seized by the revolving pincers, and which it
carries back with it in its retrograde motion if the pincers do not take hold of
them; second, the arrangement and mode of action of the turning tool, in
combining its being brought forward gradually by a cam for shaving or turning
the head of the screw to the required shape, with the action of an inclined plane
on the tool holder for causing the tool to cut at the same time on the fore and
ind part of the head, and also for preventing the point of the tool to spoil
he head when it moves back, as herein-before described and illustrated in
heet VI.
bengia
IV. In the nicking machine, I claim, first, the arrangement of the prepa-
tory organ of the feeding apparatus, allowing of its yielding if any impediment
ould be introduced between them and the pincers as they are raised to take
e screw, and returning to its place immediately on the descent of the
cers; second, the method of causing the same pincers which hold the
nk whilst it is being nicked to move, and after discharging the nicked blank
ake another which is held ready for them in the feeding apparatus; third,
arrangement and use of the moveable stop which open the pincers whilst
are rising, and by the same movement releases the nicked blank which
carry to its place before the pincers enter between the rollers; fourth,
anging of the saw shaft in bearings which oscillate, the saw shaft being
ted by the prime mover, and imparting the movement to the other parts

page_text: 5
of the machine; fifth, the arrangement adopted for adjusting the various
organs to nick in the centre of the head, and to the required depth, whatever
may be the thickness of the head and the diameter of the saw, as described
and represented in Sheet VII.
V. In the cutting machine, I claim, first, the particular arrangement de-
scribed for the application to this machine of a directing steel plate for obtaining
the tapered shape and point of the screw; second, the application and
arrangement of a conducting screw carried by the main shaft, on which it
revolves independently with a slower motion, which can be modified at plea-
sure by changing the gearings to suit the pitch of the screws to be cut; third,
the application and arrangement of an oscillating and sliding shaft, which
carries both the comb holder and tool holder, the sliding motion being imparted
to it by the comb holder when the comb gears with the conducting screw, and
the oscillating motion produced by the action of the notched cam, which
causes the comb to gear with the conducting screw at the proper moment
fourth, the particular combination and arrangement of the intermediate organs
for feeding the machine, which organs are so arranged that they introduce to
the revolving pincers a fresh blank as soon as the finished one has fallen out
as herein-before described and illustrated in the Sheets VIII. and IX.
ga In witness whereof, I, the said François Christophe Nicolas Juvena
ensiq Viellard-Migeon, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighth day
bas of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
lioga fifty-nine.
booded to risq
Бол
ni besertolli ban
F. C. N. J. VIELLARD-MIGEON. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed in the presence of
L. D'AUBREVILLE, C. E.,
Jusabaqui 60, Boulv. de Strasbourg, Paris. best ads to negro y
bearber
подо