CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STONE MASONRY
Year: 1837

page_text: In
IE, I, JOSEPH CLISILD
DANIELL, of Limphey Stoke, in the County of Wilts, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Sixth day of June, in the seventh year of His reign, did,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors, admors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors, adiñors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO STONE MASONRY;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso, that I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same"
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:―

page_text: My Invention relates, first, to a mode of preparing freestone, ashlar, and
range stone (used in building of houses and walls), with parallel and uniform
grooves or lines, by means of certain rotatory cutters; and, secondly, to a mode
of forming mouldings and cutting rustic work in similar descriptions of stones.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a side view of a machine for dressing or preparing the
surfaces of the stone, in order to produce sufficiently even surfaces, and for
performing the operation of cutting parallel grooves or lines; Figure 2 is a
plan, and Figure 3 an end view of the machine shewn in Figure 1, in each of
which Figures the same letters indicate similar parts. C is the main or driving
shaft or axis, moving in suitable bearings carried by the framing of the machine ;
on this shaft or axis C is affixed the pulley or drum A, having the handle
B affixed thereto, by which motion is communicated to the axis C; and on
the other end of the axis or shaft C there is a winch handle B; on the axis
or shaft C is affixed a bevelled toothed wheel F, which takes into and drives
the bevelled toothed wheel F¹, affixed on the axis or spindle H, on which is
affixed the worm or screw I; the spindle II at one end being supported by the
lever Q, and at the other end by a bearing, which is capable of turning, in
order to the worm I descending out of gear with its wheel G; the worm or.
screw wheel G being affixed to the axis L, (which axis turns in suitable bear-
ings carried by the framing on each side of the machine), on which there is a
winch handle R, to run out the driver M. On the axis L are affixed the
pinions J, which take into and move the two racks K, affixed to the under
part of the driver M (which consists of a plank of wood), which pressing against
the stone, the same is caused to move forwards to be dressed or grooved or
lined by the revolving cylinder O, the surface of which is formed by a series
of teeth formed on circular discs of steel, as is shewn in the Drawing; and it
is by the quick revolution of this cylinder O that the stone, as it is moved
forwards along the sloping bars S on to the front smooth iron table T on the
frame V, becomes dressed or grooved. W is the main framing of the machine,
N representing the stone about to be cut or dressed on the under surface, as
will readily be traced on an examination of the Drawings. The series of discs
constituting the cutting cylinder O is on the axis P, that axis turning in bear-
ings carried by the main framing W, and the axis P receives quick rotatory
motion by a strap E, from the pulley or drum A to the pulley D. It should
be stated that the teeth on the different discs (see Figure 7, which is a disc
full size), are not so arranged as that, the rows of teeth are parallel. with the.
axis P, but, on the contrary, the rows of teeth stand-in parallel rows, which are

page_text: at an angle to the axis, and appear in a slight degree to take. a spiral..
direction around the axis; all the cutters, Fig. 7, being cut alike, to fit a
projecting surface or feather on the axis P, that feather not being parallel with
the axis, but slanting slightly across the surface; by this means the teeth of
two contiguous discs, which constitute the cylinder of cutting points, do not act
simultaneous, but in successión, as will readily be understood on examining..
the Drawing. And I would further remark, that supposing it be desired;
that the operation to be performed by this machine is simply the dressing up.
or levelling of the surfaces, then the discs, Figure 7, should be narrow, so as not
to produce broad and deep grooves; but when the parallel grooves or "strokes".
(as they are called when produced by hand labour), are required to be bold
and distinct; the cutting face of each tooth of the discs on the axis P, is to be
broader and more pointed on the cutting edge, according to the size and bold--
ness of the grooves or parallel strokes to be produced. By this. means the.
face of the stones so prepared will have a more uniform and regular appearance
than when cut by hand labour with a hammer or hammer and chisel, in con-,
sequence of the evenness of the cuts, and of their being truly parallel, like.
effects not being attainable by hand labour, however carefully and skilfully:
performed; hence a building faced or built with stone so grooved will have a
more pleasing and finished appearance than when the work is performed by
hand. Or, in place of having the cylinder O made up of a series of discs, I
employ a cutting cylinder O, such as is shown at Fig. 8, which consists in
having a series of blades of steel a, a, having teeth cut therein, such blades
being fixed spirally or obliquely across the axis of the cylinder O, by which
means, like the teeth of the series of discs, the teeth of the blades come suc-
cessively into action. Figure 4 is a plan of a machine for cutting grooves or
mouldings at the edges of the stones; Figure 5 is a side view in elevation;
and Figure 6 an end view of Figure 4. In each of these Figures the same
letters indicate similar parts; C being the main or driving axis or shaft, on
which is affixed the winch handle B, the driving pulley or drum A, and the
pulley D, there being a driving strap II to the pulley E, which is on the axis
F, that axis being carried by the lever frame G, that frame moving on a
fulcrum G¹, as is shewn in the Drawing; and I is a screw to regulate the
position of the framing G, G¹, in order to regulate the extent of the cut, or
groove, or moulding at the edge of the stone. On the axis F is affixed .the.
cutters ; from the pulley D proceeds an endless gut or band to the pulley
M, affixed on the axis y, such band or gut.being properly guided by the
pulleys o, as is shewn in the Drawing. On the axis Y is affixed the worm
or screw, which takes into and drives the wheel L, affixed on the axis T, on

page_text: which are affixed the rollers or drums K, around which the cords or chains Z
pass and are affixed; the cords or chains Z being affixed to the carriage or truck
P, which has wheels J, which run on and are guided by rails or ways X; on
the table is placed a block of freestone, and it is guaged to its proper position
by the parallel rules U, which can be set in the desired position by the nut and
landle R; and S, S, are the two parallel rods, which move on axes affixed to
the truck or carriage. The cutting surfaces to this machine are similar in
construction to those shewn and described in the machine for producing parallel
lines, strokes, or grooves; but it is preferable that they should be of the finer
description to produce a dressed surface, or so nearly a dressed surface that
a slight rubbing will bring the moulding or rustic cutting to a smooth surface.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would remark that I lay no claim to the parts separately
of which the same is composed, nor do I confine myself to the precise arrange-
ment of the parts for moving the stone, and giving motion to the rotatory
cutters; but what I do claim is, the mode of cutting parallel grooves or
strokes on the surface of freestone, ashlar, and range stone by means of the
rotatory cutters with serrated edges, as above described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of producing rustic cuttings, mouldings, or
grooves by means of the rotatory cutters with serrated edges as above described.
In witness whereof, I, 'the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1837, the aforesaid Joseph Clisild Daniell came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.