IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF METAL PIPES, AND OTHER GENERALLY SIMILAR TUBULAR ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kinniburgh, of Shotts' Iron Works, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Foundry Manager, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF METAL PIPES,
AND OTHER GENERALLY SIMILAR TUBULAR ARTICLES."
Sealed the 23rd November 1860, and dated the 31st May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kinniburgh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
May 1860.
I, JOHN KINNIBURGH, of Shotts' Iron Works, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Foundry Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF METAL
PIPES, AND OTHER GENERALLY SIMILAR TUBULAR ARTICLES," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to the application or employment and use of cast or
malleable iron moulds in the casting of metal pipes, instead of the common
moulds of sand or clay. According to these improvements the pipe mould is in
each case made in two longitudinal sectional halves turned or smoothed, or
not, in their interior. These halves when put together with their joint edges
abutting, form the complete circle necessary for producing the external figure
of the pipe, the interior being coated with blackening or other suitable coating..
The two halves are held together by means of metal rings of a somewhat larger

page_text: diameter than that of the metal mould, wedges being inserted between the
rings and the mould to bind the two halves together, and yet allow for the ex-
pansion of the metal mould when the melted metal is poured in to produce the
casting. Or, instead of using these binding rings, flanges may be formed at
intervals upon the two halves of the mould, holes being made through such
flanges for the insertion of wedges or pins at the parts where the junction
edges come together. Any suitable core may be used in these moulds. They
make fine smooth castings, and may be used for casting in continuously without
any alteration or breaking up as in ordinary moulds. Various articles in
addition to pipes may be cast in such moulds.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Kinniburgh in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KINNIBURGH, of Shotts' Iron Works; in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Foundry Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Kinniburgh, Her special license that I, the said John
Kinniburgh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said John Kinniburgh, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF METAL PIPES, AND OTHER GENERALLY
SIMILAR TUBULAR ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Kinniburgh, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kinniburgh, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement.

page_text: And in order that my said Invention of improvements in the manufacture
or production of metal pipes and other generally similar articles may be
properly understood, I shall now proceed to describe certain modifications,
under which my said improvements may be judiciously carried out in practice,
that is to say:-
My Invention relates to the application or employment and use of cast or
malleable iron moulds in casting of metal pipes instead of the common moulds
of sand or loam. According to these improvements, the pipe mould is preferred
to be made in two longitudinal sectional halves turned or smoothed, or not, in
their interior. These halves when put together with their joint edges abutting
form the complete circle necessary for producing the external figure of the pipe,.
the interior being coated with blackening or other suitable coating. The two
halves are held together by means of metal rings of a somewhat larger
diameter than that of the metal mould, wedges being inserted between the
rings and the mould to bind the two halves together, and yet allow for the:
lateral expansion of the metal mould when the melted metal is poured in to.
produce the casting. Or, instead of using these binding rings, clamps or screws
may be used, or flanges may be formed at intervals upon the two halves of the
mould, holes being made through such flanges for the insertion of wedges or
pins at or near the parts where the junction edges come together. Any suitable
core may be used in these moulds. They make fine smooth castings, and may
be used for casting in continuously without any alteration or breaking up, as
in ordinary moulds. Various articles, in addition to pipes may be cast in'
such moulds.
Under other modifications of my said Invention, I arrange and construct the
cast or malleable iron moulds in one piece, or in a greater number of parts:
than two, for although I give the preference to the mould being formed simply
in two parts, yet I do not by any means intend it to be understood that I con-
fine myself thereto. In forming the mould in one piece for casting pipes and
other generally similar articles, I prefer the mould to be composed of cast iron
with a longitudinal slit or opening throughout its length. The parallel edges
of this opening are brought together by means of malleable iron rings fitted on
the outside of the mould, and when the melted metal is poured into the mould,
these rings admit of the lateral expansion of the mould. In lieu of this
arrangement the mould may be formed without the longitudinal opening, pro-
vided it be fitted with external rings of wrought iron, to prevent the fracture of
the cast-iron mould when the molten metal is poured in. I give the preference,
however, to the system of forming the mould with the longitudinal opening,
which more readily admits of the lateral expansion. In this manner also, these

page_text: metal moulds may be arranged in three or other number of pieces according
to the size or external contour of the pipe or other article to be cast. In
commencing to cast articles with moulds constructed according to my improve-
ments, I prefer, when necessary, to heat the mould in any convenient way, in
order to prevent the too sudden chilling of the article to be cast. After the
preliminary heating, the subsequent operation of casting is sufficient to keep tho
mould up to the requisite temperature. With attention to this point, castings
produced from these moulds are much superior to those obtained from the
ordinary sand or loam moulds, and the system is particularly applicable to the
casting of axle bushes, and a variety of other generally similar articles, either
in brass or iron.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent, is,--
First, the system or mode of manufacturing or producing metal pipes and
other generally similar articles in which the external mould is formed of cast
or malleable iron, arranged either in one, two, or other convenient number of
parts, as herein-before described, or any mere modification of the same.
Second, the system or mode of arranging and constructing moulds for
casting pipes and other generally similar articles, by forming them of one, two,
or more pieces of cast or malleable iron, which, when put together, form the
complete external mould, due provision being made for the lateral expansion
of the mould by means of rings, wedges, clamps, pins, or other suitable con-
trivance, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kinniburgh, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN KINNIBURGH. (L.S.)