IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER FROM PIPES, MAINS, CISTERNS, OR OTHER SOURCES FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES, ALSO FOR WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Chandler, of 17, Cottage Grove, Mile End
Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER
FROM PIPES, MAINS, CISTERNS, OR OTHER SOURCES FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER
PURPOSES, ALSO FOR WATERCLOSETS."
Sealed the 22nd March 1870, and dated the 9th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Chandler at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th October 1869.
I, JAMES CHANDLER, of 17, Cottage Grove, Mile End Road, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND PREVENTING WASTE OF
WATER FROM PIPES, MAINS, CISTERNS, OR OTHER SOURCES FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER
PURPOSES, ALSO FOR WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
A cistern without a division of the capacity of the maximum quantity
of water, the apparatus may be constructed to deliver at one operation

page_text: or draw.
To the inside of the said cistern I attach an ordinary or other
ball or float valve which communicates with the source of supply, and
to this said valve I attach a second valve communicating therewith, and
to this second valve I attach by a lever or otherwise a third valve com-
municating with the discharge outlet or nozzle of the cistern. The
handle or lever by which the apparatus is worked is attached to the
second and third valves mentioned in such a manner that before the
valve communicating with the discharge outlet is opened the other is
shut, but works perfectly independent of the first mentioned ball or
float valve.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Upon operating on the
handle or lever the second mentioned valve is closed, and by a little
strain on the said handle or lever the third mentioned valve is opened,
which allows the contents of the cistern to flow out while the ball or
float valve or cock is gradually opening and on letting go the handle
or lever the third mentioned valve closes, & the second one opens &
allows the water to flow into the cistern from source of supply through
the ball or float valve or cock, upon which the said ball valve comes
into action, and upon the water gaining its original level shuts off the
supply. Thus it will be understood that in this apparatus the valve
communicating with the discharge nozzle or outlet closes before the
valve communicating with the source of supply opens, and consequently
this apparatus cannot be left so that the water can run to waste from
source of supply, and any quantity of water below the maximum can
be drawn without waste as this apparatus is self-closing.
A further improvement in this and all other water cisterns for
flushing waterclosets, where what is called the patent or pan closet is
adopted, consists in attaching to the bottom of the cistern a reciever,
inside of which is an overflow pipe reaching within, say, half an inch of
the top of it and communicating with the closet. A small hole is made
in the bottom of the said overflow pipe communicating with the reciever.
The object being that should a person discharge the whole of the
contents of the larger cistern thro' the closet, minus the capacity of
the reciever, sufficient water will be left in the said reciever to charge
the pan, which water will slowly run through the small hole in the
bottom of the overflow pipe into the said pan. Of course the water from
the larger cistern is delivered thro' the said receiver.

page_text: This apparatus is intended to be fixed more especially in houses over
sinks, waterclosets, wash-hand basins, urinals, and also in courts, allies,
and similar places, or be attached to any stand post, or formed therein.
My claims consist as follows,-
1st. Combination of a ball or float valve or cock with a shut-off valve
or cock in such a manner that the one works perfectly independent of
the other with a cistern without a division.
2nd. Combination of three valves with a cistern without a division,
viz., ball valve on source of supply, shut-off valve attached thereto, and
discharge valve at lower portion of the cistern and so arranged that
when the apparatus is not in use the ball valve only shall be under the
pressure of the source of supply.
3rd. Application of the smaller reciever with the overflow pipe and
small hole, as mentioned, to this and all other apparatus for flushing
used for watercloset.
4th. Application of the valves and working parts & principle of this
apparatus to existing cisterns used for domestic or other purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Chandler in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CHANDLER, of 17, Cottage Grove, Mile End Road, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
'third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Chandler, Her special licence
that I, the said James Chandler, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Chandler, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER FROM PIPES, MAINS,
CISTERNS, OR OTHER SOURCES FOR DOMESTIC OR OTHER PURPOSES, ALSO FOR WATER-
CLOSETS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Chandler, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Chandler, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
My improvements refer chiefly to the employment of a cistern, the
capacity of which contains the maximum quantity of water it may be
found necessary to deliver or draw at one operation. In the inside of
the cistern I attach a ball or float valve which is in communication with
the source of supply. To this valve I attach a second valve which
communicates therewith, the second valve is attached by a lever or
otherwise to a third valve communicating with the discharge outlet or
nozzle leading from the cistern. The handle or lever by which the
apparatus is worked is attached to both the second and the third
mentioned valves in such a manner that before the valve communicating
with the discharge outlet is opened the other is shut, the second valve
however works independent of the first mentioned ball or float valve.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Upon operating on the
handle or lever the second mentioned valve is closed and by a little
strain on the handle the third mentioned valve is opened which allows
the contents of the cistern to flow out while the float valve or cock is
gradually opening, and on letting go the handle or lever the third
mentioned valve closes and the second one opens and allows the water
to flow into the cistern from the source of supply through the float
valve or cock, whereupon the said ball valve comes into action and the
water is allowed to gain its original level and shuts off the supply. Thus
it will be understood that in this apparatus the valve communicating
with the discharge nozzle or outlet closes before the valve com-

page_text: municating with the source of supply opens, and consequently no water
can run to waste from the source of supply. Any quantity of water
below the maximum can be drawn off without waste as this apparatus
is self-closing.
The next improvement is applicable to this and all other kinds of water
cisterns in use for flushing waterclosets where what is called the patent
or pan closet is adopted. It consists in attaching to the bottom of the
cistern a second receiver, inside of which is an overflow pipe which
reaches within, say, half an inch of the top of it and communicates
with the closet. A small hole is made in the bottom of the overflow
pipe and leads into the receiver, the object being that should a person
discharge the whole of the contents of the larger cistern through the
closet minus the capacity of the receiver, sufficient water will be left
in the receiver to charge the pan, the water running slowly through the
small hole into the said pan, of course the water from the larger cistern
is delivered through the said receiver.
This apparatus is intended to be fixed more especially in dwelling
houses, over or in connection with sinks, waterclosets, wash-hand basins,
urinals, and also in courts and alleys, and similar places, or it may bo
attached to any stand post or formed thereon.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
I shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawing here-
unto annexed, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding
parts throughout the Figures.
Figure 1 is a section, Figure 2 a front elevation, and Figure 3 a plan
of the apparatus constructed according to my first and second methods,
and is intended more especially for use in kitchens over sinks, but the
apparatus is equally adapted for courts and alleys and similar places.
A, A, is the cistern; B is a float or ball valve or cock; C is the second
mentioned valve attached thereto, which is connected to the third
mentioned valve E by the lever D. The valve E communicates with
the discharge nozzle or outlet F, as before explained; the main or
source of supply being connected at G. H is the handle by which the
apparatus is worked. The position of the valves and levers, as shewn, is
that which they will assume at the moment the water is about to be
drawn. The weight W causes the valve E to close and the valve O to
onen.

page_text: Figure 4 shews a section of the two valves B and C detached from the
apparatus.
Figure 5 is a front elevation of the apparatus intended more especially
for flushing waterclosets or urinals, the working parts and principle of
which inside is the same as those shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, and
differs only on the outside by having a lever I instead of the knob or
handle II, and a straight outlet K instead of the bent nozzle F, which
outlet K is intended to be connected with the basin of the closet. This
apparatus is also applicable to be used for sinks and other similar articles
or purposes where it is necessary to be placed overhead. In such cases
where it would be inconvenient to fix it immediately over the sink a
pipe could be led from the outlet K to any desired place from whence
the water would be required to be drawn. In cases where what is
termed a regulator or flushing valve is used immediately in conjunction
with the closet the valve E can be dispensed with.
Figures 6 and 7 represent my third improvement. A, A, is the flushing
apparatus of a similar kind to that shewn in Figure 5. B is the second
or smaller receiver which is placed underneath; C is the overflow pipc,
and D' a small hole in the bottom of the same; E is the pan of the
closet, and F the pipe communicating with the basin thereof. I do not
in all cases attach the smaller receiver B directly to the cistern, but
connect it in any convenient manner to the cistern or apparatus, as
shewn in Figure 8, and also to the closet; or I can arrange it inside a
cistern, as shewn in Figure 9. It will readily be seen that this improve-
ment effectually traps the basin M of the closet which is the primary
object, and which I designate my regulator service box. In some cases
more than one hole D' may be used.
Figures 10 and 11 are a front and end elevation of my apparatus
more especially intended for lavatories or wash-hand basins, the working
parts and their method of acting are similar to those shewn in Figures 1,
2, 3, and 4, but the connection to the main or source of supply is made
at the bottom instead of the end. The handle or knob H is arranged in
the centre of the apparatus instead of a little on one side.
Figures 12 and 13 are plans of a double cistern A, A, and two sets of
valves and levers similar to those shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. The
object being that while a person is drawing from one cistern the other
onc is filling, thus the water can be drawn alternately first from one
and then the other by simply working the handle or lever from right to

page_text: left, by this means a continuous flow of water can be obtained. This
obviates the necessity of a person waiting for a second supply or flow of
water. In fact a number of persons could be continually drawing water
from one or the other cistern continuously.
Figures 14 and 15 represent a peculiar description of ball valves, the
novelty of which consists in the application and combination of com-
pound levers O, P, as well as the disc or ring of india-rubber R in
Figure 15, which acts as a substitute, and in lieu of a stuffing box or
cup leather. In the case of Figure 14 the application and combination
of these compound levers are shewn in conjunction with what is
commonly termed Lambert's high-pressure equilibrium ball valve, and
by preference I adopt either of these valves in my apparatus before
described. These valves are also applicable to ordinary cisterns, in
which case the valve, Figure 15, would have a bent or other nozzle, as
shewn by dotted lines S.
In order that there shall be no misunderstanding about the meaning
of a cistern without a division, I may mention that already an apparatus
is in use, but which has a separate chamber in the same casting to
contain a combined ball and float valve, and which necessitates the
apparatus being made more bulky in order to contain an equal quantity
of water, and the meaning of the ball or float valve, and the shut-off
valve working independent of each other is that there is also in use a
cistern apparatus without a division in which a ball valve and foot
valve is connected in such a manner with the lever or handle of the
apparatus that each time a person draws water from it a considerable
shock or knocking is given to the said ball valve and lever, whereas in
my improved apparatus it will be observed that the shut-off valve
lever D is separate from the ball lever B and consequently effectually
prevents the knocking of the ball valve lever, as before mentioned.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the four
claims hereafter set forth, as also the general construction, arrangement,
and combination of apparatus preventing waste of water from pipes,
mains, cisterns, or other sources for domestic or other purposes, as also
waterclosets, substantially as hercin-before described and illustrated by

page_text: the Sheet of Drawing, and as shewn in Figures 1 to 15 inclusive. I
therefore desire to claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The combination of a ball or float valve or cock with a shut-
off valve or cock in such a manner that the one works independent of
the other with a cistern without a division.
Secondly. The combination of three valves with a cistern without a
division, viz., a ball valve on the supply pipe, the shut-off valve attached
thereto, and the discharge valve at the lower portion of the cistern so
arranged that when the apparatus is not in use the ball valve only shall
be under the pressure of the source of supply.
Thirdly. The employment of a smaller receiver with an overflow pipe
and a small hole, as mentioned, to this and all other flushing apparatus
used in connection with waterclosets.
And, fourthly. I claim the employment and their mode of action of
the valves and working parts of this apparatus to existing cisterns which
are used for domestic or other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Chandler, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of April One thousand eight
hundred and seventy.