IMPROVEMENTS IN PASSENGER n AUD CONVAAR PASSEN OR FARE REGISTERING APPARATUS FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CON- VEYANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Bezer, of 19, Turner Road, Lee, in the
County of Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PASSENGER
n
AUD CONVAAR "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Bezer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th September 1873.
I, HENRY BEZER, of 19, Turner Road, Lec, in the County of Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PASSENGER OR FARE REGISTERING APPARATUS FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CON-
VEYANCES," to be as follows :—
The object of my Invention is to provide omnibuses and other public
conveyances with apparatus which will register or record each separate
fare earned, that is to say, register every passenger, and also show what
fare he has paid or ought to have paid. For this purpose I employ a
sort of turnstile arranged and connected with a registering apparatus,.
as herein-after described.

page_text: bringing the same down upon paper fixed upon the ratchet toothed
dial or drum; the said paper constituting the "way bill." The pedal
by which the turnstile is unlocked by the conductor also makes contact
in its downward movement only, and there are also a magnet and
marker for this contact. Thus, according to the station to which a
passenger is travelling the key corresponding with that station is
depressed, thereby making one contact while the pedal makes another;
two marks are therefore produced for the said station upon their proper
positions on the paper.
Upon the exit of a passenger only one mark would be produced,
viz., by the pedal contact, and this would therefore indicate an exit.
The arrival and departure from cach station are shown upon the paper
or way bill automatically, the wheel or axlo of the vehiclo acting upon
a governing apparatus attached thereto.
Instead of or in addition to producing a written register, as before
described, I sometimes produce a register by numbers. For this
purpose I employ a frame of fixed magnets in connection with which
is a movable set of counters. The first row of counters would com.
priso one for the starting station, and one for each of the stopping
stations; upon reaching the first stopping station the second row of
counters is put into connection with the magnets, and will be one
less than the first row, because what was originally the first stopping
station has become the starting station, and so on to the end of the
journey. The pedal contact is in connection with the counter corre-
sponding with the starting station of cach row. Thus, every counter
for starting stations will show the number of passengers who enter
and leave at that station, while the other counters in the same row will
indicate the number of passengers booked at that station for cach of tho
other stopping stations respectively.
The turnstile must be so situated that all tho passengers, whether
inside or outside passengers, must pass through it both on entering
and leaving the vehicle.

page_text: the 27th March-1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
BEZER, of 19, Turner Road, Lee, in the County of Kent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Bezer, Her special
licence, that I, the said Henry Bezer, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Bezer, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thercafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS .IN
PASSENGER OR FARE REGISTERING APPARATUS FOR OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CON-
VEYANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Bezer, my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Bezer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying.
Drawings, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to provide omnibuses and other public
conveyances with apparatus which will register or record each separate
fare earned, that is to say, register every passenger, and also shew what
fare he has paid or ought to have paid. For this purpose I employ a
sort of turnstile, arranged and connected with a registering apparatus, as
herein-after described.

page_text: The turnstile is composed of a horizontal arm which in its normal
position stands across the opening through which the passengers have to.
pass on entering and leaving the omnibus, the said arm being retained
in this position by a spring. At right angles to this arm are two other
arms in line with each other, and which for distinction I will call the
outer arm and the inner arm. A passenger on entering pushes inwards
the first named or central arm towards the inner arm, and the outer arm
by the action of a cam is caused to follow up the central arm, so that a
second-passenger-cannot enter -until-the-outer_arm and the central arm
have returned to their normal positions. In like manner when a
passenger is leaving he pushes the central arm towards the outer arm,
and the inner arm follows it up. Thus it is impossible for more than
one passenger to enter or leave during a single movement or action of
the turnstile.
I prefer to employ a pair of these turnstiles facing each other.
Passengers may thus enter or leave very readily by pushing the central
arm of each turnstile a short distance: A tie rod is-attached-to- tho
shafts of the two central arms so that one cannot move without the
other..
-
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a front elevation and
Figure 2 a plan view partly in section of a pair of turnstiles constructed
-as just described, and so-connected together that one cannot move with-
out the other.
a, a, are the vertical shafts or uprights of the two turnstiles, which
work in upper and lower bearings b, b; these shafts extend below the
lower bearings and carry discs c, c, and each of these discs has a crank
pin d, the two crank pins being connected together by a tie rod e; fin
cach turnstile represents the horizontal arm, which when the turnstile is
in its normal position stands across the opening through which the
O passengers have to pass; represents the outer arm of cach turnstile,
and h, the inner arm, these arms being at right angles to the arm ƒ but
in a line with each other; a spring or springs (not shewn in the Drawing
but which may be attached to any convenient part, to the rod e for
example), keep the arms f in their normal position, as seen in the
5 Figures, and other springs are fitted to return the arms and to their
normal position; when a passenger on entering pushes against both or
either of the arms f, f; these arms move inwards sufficiently to allow
him to pass, and pins i, carried by plates j to which theso-arms: are

page_text: respectively attached come against cams k on the outer arms 7 and
cause these arms to follow up so that a passenger cannot enter; when
the passenger has passed in the springs return, the arms f and 9. In
like manner when a passenger on leaving pushes against either or both
of the arms ff, these arms move outwards sufficiently to allow him to
pass, and the pins i come against corresponding cams on the inner
arms and cause these arms to follow up so that a second passenger
cannot leavo; when tho passenger has passed out the springs return the
arms and h.
In order to prevent a passenger moving the turnstile in the wrong
direction in either going in or out, that is to say, to prevent him pulling
the arms towards him instead of pushing them from him, whereby the
entries and exits would be incorrectly registered and the conductor
might be enabled to defraud the proprietor of the vehicle, I adopt the
arrangement about to be described :-On each of the cams k and 1 of
one turnstile of the pair I form teeth or notches, marked respectively m
´and 11, and on the platej to which the middle arm is attached I form a
knob or enlargement o, which projects farther from the edge of this
plate than the teeth m and n project from their respective cams; I fit a
weighted or spring bar or catch p in such position that its tendency is
to press against the plate j and cams &, 1; in the normal position this
catch rests on the knob o. When a passenger is leaving the vehicle the
arm pushes round the cam / with its arm and the catch p drops
successively into, the teeth; when he has passed through the arm f is
returned by its spring to the normal position, and the knob o by then
coming against the catch p lifts it from the teeth n so that the arm h is
then pulled back to the normal position by its spring. But if a passenger
on wishing to enter the vehicle pulls the arm f towards him instead of
pushing it, and passes beyond it so as to get between the arms f and h,
he cannot get further because the arm / cannot be pushed back (owing
to the catch p being in one of the teeth 12) until the arm`ƒ has returned
to the normal position, and this it cannot do until the person has moved
back clear of the turnstile. The same effect is produced with the arm g
and the teeth of its cam if a person on wishing to leave the vehicle
pulls the arm f towards him.
Double-acting locking gear is attached to the turnstiles, to be operated
upon by the conductor of the vehicle by means of a pedal or otherwise.
This double-acting locking gear will be understood on reference to

page_text: Figures 3 and 4, which are respectively a plan view and a front elevation
shewing it applied to a double turnstile, such as is herein-before
described. a, a¹, are the vertical shafts of the two turnstiles; c; c¹; are
the discs carried at the lower ends of the same, with their_crank-
pins d, d, connected together by a tic rod e. Each of the discs c, c², is
formed with a projection q, q', near the circumference thereof, as shewn.
↑ is a horizontal bar mounted on suitablo supports, and carrying
depending projections 8, 8', which take behind the projections q, q³, as
shewn. The end of this bar is connected to one end of a lever t, which
is pivoted at u, and is formed at its other end to receive a lever handle, :
by which it can be moved to the right or left.
.
Now supposing a person wishes to enter the vehicle (in the direction
of the arrow 1), the conductor moves the bar in the direction of the
arrow 2. By this movement the projection 8 will be clear of the
projection q, while part of the projection & will still be behind the
projection g'. There will, however, be no impediment to the discs
turning in the direction of the arrows 3, 3, as they ought to do when a
person pushes against the turnstile in order to enter; but should the
person endeavor to pull the turnstile towards him instead of pushing it, :
he finds it locked by the projections q', a'. On the other hand, when a
person wishes to leave the vehicle, the conductor pushes the bar .in the
opposite direction, whereby the projections q¹, 8¹, are clear, while the
projections 9, 8, engage with each other. The person can thus leave by
pushing the turnstile from the inside, but should he endeavor to pull it
he is prevented by the locking of the projections q, 8. When the barr
is in its normal or central position both the projections q, q', are locked
respectively with the projections 8, 8, so that the turnstile is locked in
both directions.
The movement of the turnstile is caused to operate a counter as
follows: On the under side of the disc c¹ is a pin A, so placed that
when the disc moves in the direction of the arrow 3 when a person is
entering, the pin comes against and actuates an arm B which is
attached to a spindle or axis C. On this spindle is a paul D which takes
into a ratchet of the counter E, which is therefore moved the distance of
one tooth. When the disc c¹ is returning in the opposite direction, the
pin A moves the arm B in the opposite direction, and does not act on
the counter E. When a person is leaving the vehicle, the pin A'does
not come in contact with the arm B.

page_text: The movement of the turnstile is also caused to impart motion to a
registering or recording apparatus, which has also a continuous motion
imparted to it by governing apparatus in connection with the whool of
the vehicle. I am thus enabled to shew upon a paper or waybill
attached to the drum of this registering apparatus tho exact number of
people in the vehicle at any point of the journey, while the counter.
shows the total number who have travelled. I effect this as follows:→
In the periphery of the disc c' I form a recess F to receive the end of a
lever G. This lever is centred at H, and carries a cross- head I.. At.
the ends of the cross head are jointed clicks K, K', which take into
teeth or notches in a wheel L. Thus when the disc c¹ moves in the
direction of the arrow 3 on a person entering the vehicle the end of the
lever G is moved in the same direction leaving the recess F, whereby
the click K is caused to move the wheel L one tooth in the one direction.
As the disc c¹ is returning to its normal position the end of the lever G
again returns into the recess F, the wheel L not being acted upon in
this movement. When, on the other hand, the disc c moves in the
direction contrary to the arrow, on a person leaving the vehicle the
other click K¹ is caused to move the wheel L one tooth, but in the
reverse direction to the movement caused by the click K. The wheel L
is mounted on a vertical shaft M, the upper part of which is formed into
a quick threaded screw. On this screw is a ferule which carries a
pencil N. This pencil is in contact with the paper or waybill on the-
drum O, so that as the wheel L is rotated in one direction or the other,
according as persons enter or leave the vehicle, so are corresponding
vertical marks made on tho paper by the pencil N.
:
The drum O has a continuous rotary motion imparted to it from one
of the axles of the vehicle as follows:-On a transverse shaft P I hang
a frame Q which carries a roller R. This roller rests upon one of the
axles S of the vehicle (or upon the nave in case the axle does not
revolve), and as the vehicle travels is thus caused to rotate by friction.
On the spindle of the roller R is a pinion T gearing with a wheel U, the
shaft of which carries a worm V in gear with another worm W. This
second worm is on one end of a rod ✗, the opposite end of which carries
another worm Y in gear with a worm wheel Z. This wheel is mounted
on a vertical shaft which carries the drum O. The drum O̟ and pencil N
are enclosed in a case, not shown in Figure 4, but seen in Figuro 8
herein-after described. In this case is a vertical slot divided into. aș
-

page_text: many spaces as there are varieties of fares, and the drum.comes close up
against the slot.
From the arrangements herein-before described it. will be seen that
the waybill will shew the number of travellers in the vehicle at any
station or point in the journey could it be relied upon that the exit of
all passengers desiring to leave at any point in the journey should take
place prior to the entry of more passengers at that point, and while the
vehicle is standing still; for such_entries and exits the waybill would shew
the number of such entries and exits which took place at such or any
other point in the journey, but inasmuch as exits and entries might
occur indiscriminately at any point the counter is geared with the turn-
stilo, as before described, to shew the number of travellers.
Reference to Figure A, representing the form of waybill produced by
the before-described mechanism for fares of uniform variety, that is,
commencing at any station at a minimum of 2d. and increasing ld. for
each succeeding station will best explain this. The first line 1 of this
Figure shews (supposing that the movement of the turnstile in the entry
direction moves the pencil th of an inch for each passenger in an
upward direction) that 16 passengers entered at the starting station, the
vehicle lining off the paper at right angles from that point, as represented
by line 2, upon commencing to travel. Upon arrival at the first
stopping station, the Drawing shews by line 3 that 4 people left prior to
any fresh entries, and by line 4 that following them 8 more entered;
the vehicle in travelling from that station lining off the paper again at
right angles, as indicated by linc 5. From this it will be seen that the
vehicle earned-

page_text: remaining 2 who left, and then be followed by the remaining 6 persons
who entered, the waybill would present the form of diagram as shewn
in Figure B, the reading of which would be-
In journeys where the fares are not of uniform variety I compel the
conductor to record by means of the slot in the face of the registering
apparatus the numbers of cach variety of fare received by him, such
record to be made upon that part of the waybill presented to him behind
the slot prior to the arrival at any station in the journey, that is to say,
he is compelled to collect and record the fares paid him by all tho
passengers who entered at the starting station prior to the arrival of the
vehicle at the next station whereat fresh passengers might enter, thus
preventing him reversing the points of exit of one or more of the passen-
gers who entered at the different stations before referred to, whereby a
lesser amount of fares could be paid in by him. It is obvious that did
he make the record after the departure from the said stopping station
such omission would be recorded, inasmuch as the travel of the vehicle
would have removed that part of the waybill upon which his record
should have been made. It is also obvious that the total number of
different fares recorded by him should agree with the total of the
counter, and as the waybill would shew the number of travellers in the
vehicle at any point in the journey the number of passengers recorded
by him as going beyond any one station, plus the number of entries:

page_text: recorded by him at or within the area of that station, should agree with
the number recorded upon the waybill as in the vehicle at that station,
or as having been in the vehicle within the area of that station..
To shew the number of entries_made_by_the-conductor-to-collect-fares
I either compel him to write upon the waybill the numbers on the
counter prior to his entry, which number less the recorded number upon
the waybill of persons in the vehicle at that point would always shew
the number of exits up to that point in the journey, and by computing
the written register accordingly the same total amount of fares would be
ascertained as would be shown by the addition of the 1d. for each excess
number of the counter over and above the number of the written
register as before described. Or I provide means in the shape of an
ordinary tell-tale clock or other suitable arrangement, which can only
be operated upon by the conductor when he had passed through the
turnstile.
If preferred the drum O may receive its rotary motion from the turn-
stile, and an up or down motion from one of the wheels of the vehicle,
the pencil S being] then a fixture. The necessary alterations of gearing
to carry out these movements will be readily understood.
The combination, as herein-before described, of 2 turnstiles, which
are connected so as to work together, is a great improvement upon single
turnstiles generally, more especially where space is limited, because
persons can pass through them very readily, and the arms of the turn-
stiles can be made very short. I find the said combination particularly
advantageous when I employ a pair of revolving turnstiles with 3 equi-
distant arms. As these arms form an angle of 120° with each other
instead of 90° as in ordinary turnstiles persons can pass up to and through
them without inconvenience.
The necessary modifications to adapt my double-acting locking gear
to a double turnstile made to revolve instead of to reciprocate, as in
those previously herein described, will be understood on reference to
Figures 5 and 6, Figure 5 being a plan, and Figure 6 a front clevation.
a, a, are the upright shafts of the two turnstiles. Near the lower
ends of these shafts are keyed ratchet wheels b,.b, the teeth of the
wheel b being set in: a reverse direction to those of the wheel 6'. c, c', are
pauls taking respectively into the wheels b, b. Those pauls are mounted

page_text: "
:
on fixed pieces d, d, and carry transverse pins e, e¹. These pins work
.in inclined recesses or notches f, ƒ¹, in a bar g, to which the lower parts
of the pieces a, d, form guides. This bar carries a pin h, which rests
in a fork i on one end of a rod %, which is capable of oscillating on its
axis, the opposite end of which has a corresponding fork 2, in which að
pin m on a rod n works. This rod n is so placed that the conductor of
the vehicle can readily move it either to the left or to the right,
according to whether a person wishes to enter or to leave the vehicle.
The shafts a, a, carry in addition to the ratchet wheels b, b', toothed
wheels o, o', which gear respectively with other whicels p, p, these two 1
wheels p, p², being in gcar with each other. The wheel p has three
recesses q,. corresponding with the three arms of the turnstiles, and the
wheel p¹ has three vertical pins or projections 2, 71, 73, likewise corres-
ponding with the thrce arms, and on-each of theso pins is a friction
roller. s is a piece carried by the bar g, and taking into the recesses q. 1
One end of the bar is prolonged in a curved form, and is jointed at t to
a-lever...... This lever is centred at one end v, while its other end is
connected to a bar 10. This bar is bent at x, whero springs 1, 3, leading
from fixed points are attached to it.
I
:
When a person wishes to enter the vehicle, the conductor moves the 2
rod n in the direction of thic arrow. The longitudinal movement thus ::
imparted through the intermediation of the forked. rod. to the bar g
cause the pin e¹ to rise up the incline f¹ and thereby lift the paul c
clear of the ratchet wheel 6; it also moves the pieces clear of the
recess in which it is engaged, and brings the point of the bar 10 2
sufficiently near to the pin r to allow that pin to pass the bend of the bar.
with slight pressure. Then the person on entering pushes against the
arm of one or both of the turnstiles, causing them both to make a portion
of a revolution, the wheels p, p, participating in the movement, and as
the pin " in this movement passes the bend x of the bar w pushing this 3
bar outwards, the bar in being pulled back by the springs y acts against
the said pin, and in case the person should not push the turnstile even
to the extent of a sixth of a revolution, ensures the pin taking up the
position previously occupied by the pin; it is therefore impossible for
the turnstiles to make more or less than the third of a revolution on the 3
entry of each person. The hold on the barn being now released the
springs y return the parts to their normal position and the piece's takes:
into the next of the recesses q

page_text: record of the passengers carried and of the fares earned is obtained, sub
stantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Bezer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.