Improvements in Marking or Indicating Length in the Manufacture of Textile Fabrics, and in the Means or Apparatus employed therein.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1890-Accepted, 13th Sept., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Marking or Indicating Length in the Manufacture
of Textile Fabrics, and in the Means or Apparatus employed
therein.
I WILLIAM CROADE LOVERING of Taunton in the County of Bristol and State of
Massachusetts one of the United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the manufacture of cloth upon looms, the weavers are paid by the "cut" and the
manufacturer estimates the product of the loom by the "cut."
To estimate theso "cuts," the warp as it is being sized and dried in the sizing and
drying machine, or as it is being otherwise prepared for the loom, has some of its
threads especially those which are to appear in the selvage of the woven cloth, marked
at intervals to designate the "
cut."
At the present time manufacturers are subjected to very considerable loss for
frequently a weaver will tear off one end of the "cut" after it has been woven and is
ready to be removed from the loom.
The manufacturer has no means by which to detect this loss unless the "cut" be
actually measured when handed in, but this, it will be seen, is impracticable because of
expense.
As now practiced, each weaver receives warp sufficient for a number of "cuts" and
is supposed to return its equivalent in cloth, but a weaver may tear a number of yards
of cloth from any "cut" and defy detection unless at very considerable cost.
The object of this invention is to guard against this loss of cloth, and to do this I have
devised mechanism to be described which marks the warp in a novel manner prior to
weaving the same into cloth.
In accordance with my invention, the warp before it is put into the loom to be
woven into cloth, and preferably during the sizing and drying operation, is provided
with a "cut-mark" of such width, length, shape, or character, that when the warp so
marked is woven into cloth, the "cut-mark" together with the filling produces a
"cut-figure" of such width, length, or shape, that when the cloth is severed through
the "cut-figure" to remove a cut" from the loom, a part of the "cut-figure" will
be left at the last or finished end of one, and at the first or commencement end of the
next "cut."
"
In this way it is impossible for the weaver to retain any cloth without discovery, for
the ends of each "cut" delivered must show part of the "cut-figures" which may be
matched if desired.
It has been found that the "cut-figures" in the woven cloth vary very considerably
even when the "cut-marks" in the warp are substantially the same, and in practice
this variation is sufficient to enable the manufacturer, should he so desire, to positively
match the ends of any two consecutive "cuts."
The form of the "cut-mark" on the warp, and thus of the "cut-figure," may be
variously modified, thus enabling each manufacturer to readily tell his own cloth, or
to tell the cloth woven in any particular mill.
The warp is marked by an impression pad, herein shown as a bar carried by a
transverse shaft, it having co-operating with it a printing roll, to which is supplied
suitable ink or color mixture, the warp being "cut-marked" at intervals as the warp
passes between the pad and roll.
Suitable means are provided for automatically effecting the movement of the
marking devices at predetermined or regular intervals according to the number of
yards in the "cut."
My invention consists in a printing roll, combined with the impression pad or bar
and shaft carrying it, and with means to revolve the said shaft at predetermined

page_text: intervals to print a "cut-mark" on the warp threads from at or near one edge to at or
near the other edge, substantially as will be described.
Also in a printing roll, an impression pad or bar, and means to supply color to the
printing roll, combined with means for holding said impression pad in inoperative
position and for releasing it, and means to rotate the said impression pad or bar when
'so released, and cause it to co-operate with the printing roll to produce "cut-marks"
upon the interposed warp, substantially as will be described.
23
Also in a printing roll, and inking roll, combined with an impression pad or bar
and shaft to which it is attached loosely, and with means substantially as will be
described, for revolving said shaft at predetermined intervals, as will be set forth.
Also in a printing roll, and inking roll, combined with an impression pad or bar, a
shaft to which it is attached, a mutilated pinion fixed to said shaft, means substantially
as will be described, for holding and releasing said shaft, and with a driving pinion to
engage the said mutilated pinion and revolve the shaft carrying the impression pad or
bar at predetermined intervals, as will be set forth.
Also in the method of preventing embezzlement and waste of cloth, which consists
in providing the warp at intervals with a superficially extended, well defined "cut-
mark," then weaving the said warp with suitable weft and thus producing or
developing a "cut-figure" extending longitudinally and laterally of the woven web,
and finally dividing the cloth or web through the "cut-figure" so as to leave on the
cloth a portion of such "cut-figure" on each side of the line of division, substantially
as will be described.
Fig. 1, in side elevation shows a portion of a slasher of usual construction with
which I have embodied my marking devices.
Fig. 2, a partial rear side view of the said machine chiefly to show the marking
devices.
Fig. 3, a sectional detail chiefly to show the marking devices or apparatus shown in
Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a plan view of a portion of a slasher and the marking devices shown in
Fig. 1.
Fig. 5, shows part of a warp "cut-marked" in accordance with one form of my
invention.
"
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Fig. 6, shows a piece of cloth having a cut-figure" supposed to have been woven
from a warp having a cut-mark," such as shown in Fig. 5, the section line
showing the line in which the cloth is divided or cut width-wise to form the
"cut," and
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Figs. 7 to 13 show pieces of cloth having some of the many different "cut-figures
which may be employed and fall within the scope of my invention, it being understood
that the "cut-figure" will be substantially the same in its general outline as the "cut-
mark" printed on the warp before it is woven into cloth.
My invention is applicable to any usual slasher or warp dressing or sizing
machine.
Referring to the drawing A represents the framework which may be of any suitable
shape to support the working parts.
The section-beam stand 1, it in practice supporting any desired number of section
beams 2 to contain threads to constitute the warp 7 to be acted upon, the guide
rolls 3, 9 and 10, the immersing roll 5, the two pairs of squeezing rolls 6 between
which the warp is passed, the size-vat 4 in which the said rolls operate, the drying
cylinder 8, the shaft 21 and the devices, not here shown, for rotating the said cylinder
and shaft, are and may be all of any usual or well known construction.
In practice the drying cylinder 8 may be rotated in any usual or suitable manner,
and if the drying cylinder should be rotated by the warp, then the squeeze rolls might
be rotated only by the warp passing between them.
It will however be assumed that the shafts 67 of the lowermost rolls of the pairs of
rolls 6 in the size-vat are provided with like pinions w outside the size-vat, as
represented in Fig. 1, and that the said pinions are engaged by a pinion as 24
immediately back of a bevel gear 23, on a shaft 25, the end of which is shown by

page_text: dotted lines in Fig. 1, and that the bevel gear 23 is engaged by a bevel gear 22 on
the shaft 21, and that the lowermost rolls 6 are thus rotated positively in the direction
of the travel of the warp.
The parts so far referred to are old and common, and instead of the devices shown
or referred to for rotating the rolls 6, I may employ any other well known or suitable
mechanism.
The mechanism illustrated in the drawings so far described is not claimed by me.
I have supplied to the slasher of the sizing machine between the point at which the
warp is sized and the point at which it is dried, "cut-marking" mechanism or devices,
one form of which I will now describe.
The shaft 25 referred to is represented as extended through the size-vat, and at its
end farthest from shaft 21 it is provided with a pinion 27, see Fig. 2, which engages
an intermediate pinion 28 loose on a suitable stud 29, the said intermediate pinion 28
engaging a pinion 30 on the journal of and rotating the ink-roll 31, the lower surface
of which is shown as turning in an ink-well or supply 32.
The journal of the ink-roll 31 just inside the frame of the machine, has attached to
it, see Fig. 3, a second toothed pinion 33, it being of the same size as the pinion 30
and directly behind it.
The pinion 33 engages a pinion 34 fast on the journal of, and rotating the printing
roll a, the surface of this printing roll is in contact with the inked surface of the
inking-roll, so that the printing roll has applied to it a thin film of ink. I do not
desire to limit my invention to supplying the printing roll with ink or colouring
matter in the exact manner described, as it may be inked by other usual equivalent
devices.
Rising from the size vat or from other rigid part of the machine, are standards b
which form bearings for the journals of a marker, herein shown as composed of a
shaft b, and an impression pad or bar 3.
The impression pad or bar 63, as herein shown, has near each end threaded rods b
which are extended loosely through suitable transverse holes in the shaft b², the said
rods being thereafter provided with nuts as to prevent their withdrawal from th
bar.
1
The pad or bar is normally pushed out radially from the shaft & by springs he in
shown as spiral springs c, which surround the rods between the pad or bar and
shaft 6, the said springs serving to hold the pad or bar in such manner that it may
yield as the pad or bar in its rotation with the shaft meets the warp 7, the said pad
or bar acting at such time to press the warp against the inked surface of the printing
roll a, thus printing upon the said warp a cut-mark." g, the size and shape of which
may be varied as represented in Figs. 7 to 13, that depending upon the shape of the
face of the pad or bar of the marker.
The shaft b, as shown, has fixed to it at one end a mutilated pinion d, which may
be thrown into mesh with the pinion 34, as will he described, whenever the marker is
operated to form a cut-mark."
The shaft has also fixed upon it a notched plate e which is normally engaged by
a latch el, pivoted at e', as best shown in Fig. 1, the said latch when in engagement
with the notched plate keeping the pad or bar in elevated position and at rest.
The latch e will in practice be acted upon at one end by a finger or projection as f,
it forming a slowly moving part of any usual so called "clock mechanism" as ", con-
taining usual gearing whereby the finger may be actuated to make one rotation for
each cut," the said clock mechanism, as herein represented, deriving its motion from
a worm on a shaft baving a bevel gear f*, which is in mesh with and is rotated
by a bevel gear on the shaft f of the drying cylinder 8, or the clock mechanism
may be operated in any usual manner from some moving part of the machine.
In general the construction of the so called "clock mechanism " or counting
mechanism may be of any suitable or usual construction, such as employed in mules
and other machines to record movements.
Whenever the finger or projection f of the clock mechanism acts to lift the
forward end of the latch e' from the notched disk e, the pad or bar 63, by gravity,

page_text: drops and comes in contact with the warp 7, and in falling brings the teeth of
the mutilated pinion & into engagement with the teeth of the rotating pinion 34,
which latter pinion thereafter acts to rotate the shaft until, as herein shown, the
pad or bar passes the top centre of the shaft when it begins to drop by gravity, and
thereafter its descent is arrested by the latch el engaging the notched plate e.
While the pinion 34 and the mutilated pinion are in engagement, the impression
pad or bar and inking roll are moved in unison and the surface speed of the inking
roll is substantially the same as the speed of movement of the warp.
That portion of the impression pad or bar which acts upon and bears the warp
against the inked surface of the inking roll will be of such shape as to "cut-mark"
the warp from at or near one selvage to at or near the opposite selvage, the
cut-mark" being of such size and shape that when the warp is woven in a loom
the "
cut-mark
so made
the warp will produce what I denominato a
upon
figure," so that when the cloth is divided in order to remove a "cut" from the
looms, a portion of the " cut-figure will be on the removed "cut," and its other
portion will be upon the cloth or "cut" remaining in the loom.
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24
cut-
Prior to my invention herein described, it has been customary to mark at suitable
intervals with a small mark, a few of the warp-threads at one edge of the body
of the warp to indicate the point at which the "cut is to be removed from the
፡፡
loom, but such cut-marks" have not been made of sufficient length and shape as to
leave a defined "cut-mark" large enough to show at each of the two ends of cloth
made by severing the latter to form cuits."
::
With but a slight "cut-mark such as commonly made, and that at but one
selvage, the weaver may with a pencil readily make a mark at the end of a cut to
counterfeit or imitate a small "cut-mark" or spot, but when the mark is made
broad and extended across the warp for the whole or for a substantial part of its
width, and over a portion of the length of the warp, the operator cannot counterfeit
the "cut-mark."
.
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Referring to Fig. 5, the warp 7 is shown as marked across from edge to edge.
The warp 7 having a "cut-mark," such as shown at g, when woven into cloth
with a weft-thread, will present a cut-figure" corresponding substantially with
the cut-mark," so that when the cloth is divided widthwise to form a
division being through the "cut-figure", as in line a³, a well defined portion of each
cut-figure" will appear at the ends of the "cuts."
*:
"
" cut
"the
I find that the "cut-figures" vary considerably in appearance in the cloth, even
when the cut-marks are substantially the same, the difference in appearance arising
from various causes, as for instance, the marking material may adhere more or less
to the different threads of the warp at different markings; or more or less marking
material may be detached from the warp threads by the eyes of the harnessers; or the
tension on the individual warp threads may be more or less and unlike or different in
degree, all or any of which shows in the "cut-figure," and is sufficiently prominent to
enable the ends of the "cuts" to be matched at any time.
In Figs. 7 to 13 1 have shown only the two side or selvage warp threads, the other
threads being omitted to save labor in the drawing.
In Fig. 7 the "cut-mark is broken into three blocks g, g, g, extended straight
across the warp.
"
In Fig. 8 the "cut-marks" are diagonally placed and of considerable width; in
Fig. 9 the "cut mark" represents a zig-zag line, in Fig. 10 the "cut mark
shows several narrow parallel lines; in Fig. If the "cut mark" is made as a curved
line; in Fig. 12 the "cut-mark" shows oval rings and in Figure 13 the "cut mark"
is made to represent letters.
From the foregoing it will be seen that a great variety of "cut-marks"
may be
made on the warp and all be effective so long as they are of such width, length or
shape with relation to the length and width of the warp as to produce "cut-figures
in the cloth of such shape and length or width and location that they cannot be readily
counterfeited by the weaver, and so that when the cloth is torn or divided widthwise
or from selvage to selvage through the "cut-figures" to form "cuts," the ends of the

page_text: "s cuts
will show well defined "cut figures" and enable the manufacturer to match
the ends of the cuts if desired.
The impression pad will preferably have a surface speed or movement substantially
equal to the speed or movement of the warp through the machine.
The "cut-mark" may however be done by various devices, and at various stages in
the preparation of the warp for the loom.
The marked warp will be put into the heddles of the loom harness, and be woven in
usual manner.
This my invention is adapted for use with warps of cotton, wool, or other material.
I am aware that parti-coloured yarns have been woven into carpets and other fabrics
to constitute a figure or produce a mottled surface, and so I do not claim producing
a figure by the employment of a parti-coloured yarn.
The surface of the printing roll may be either smooth or cut to leave the desired
" cut-mark."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
" cut-
1 A printing roll, combined with the impression pad or bar and shaft carrying it,
and with means to revolve the said shaft at predetermined intervals to print a
mark on the warp threads from at or near one edge to at or near the other edge,
substantially as described.
2-A printing roll, an impression pad or bar, and means to supply color to the
printing roll, combined with means for holding said impression pad in inoperative
position and for releasing it, and means to rotate the said impression pad or bar when
so released, and cause it to co-operate with the printing roll to produce "cut-marks"
upon the interposed warp, substantially as described.
3-A printing roll, and inking roll, combined with an impression pad or bar and
shaft to which it is attached loosely, and with means substantially as described for
revolving said shaft at predetermined intervals, as set forth.
4-A printing roll, and inking roll, combined with an impression pad or bar,
a shaft to which it is attached, a mutilated pinion fixed to said shaft, means sub-
stantially as described for holding and releasing said shaft, and with a driving
pinion to engage the said mutilated pinion and revolve the shaft carrying the impres-
sion pad or bar at predetermined intervals as set forth.
5 The method of preventing embezzlement and waste of cloth, which consists in
providing the warp at intervals with a superficially extended well defined "cut-
mark," then weaving the said warp with suitable weft and thus producing or developing
a" cut-figure" extending longitudinally and laterally of the woven web and finally
dividing the cloth or web through the " cut-figure so as to leave on the cloth a
portion of such "
cut-figure" on each side of the line of division, substantially as
described.
Dated the 22nd das of July 1800
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.