Improvements in and relating to Frictional Gearing.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st Jan., 1894-Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Frictional Gearing.
CHARLES WILLIAM HOLLIS 33 Glasshouse Street Nottingham Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My.invention relates to improvements in frictional gearing and is particularly
applicable to gearing of the kind described in Specification No. 14115 A.D. 1887,
the object of my present invention being to produce similar frictional gearing at a
less cost, and to obtain the same results by different arrangements embodying the
principle described in the Specification referred to.
In the Specification No. 14115 A.D. 1887 the arrangements comprise two discs
and two rollers so designed, that the discs may be moved over the rollers or the
rollers across the face of the discs by which means a varying velocity of the driven
shaft may be obtained.
The first part of my present improvements relates to the construction of the
rollers running between the discs. These rollers I make of metal or other suitable
material, and I obtain the necessary frictional surface by an endless band which
may fit loosely upon the roller or be passed over a tension roller.
In another part of my improvements the pressure between the discs and rollers
is obtained by preventing the discs moving end ways on the shaft carrying them,
this arrangement enabling me to dispense with the pressure springs used in the
arrangements described in Specification No. 14115 A.D. 1887.
A third part of my invention relates to frictional driving gear applicable to
driven shafts requiring a comparatively small variation in speed. This arrangement
consists of two conical rollers placed on the driving and driven shafts, which may
be fitted with ball or other antifrictional bearings, the conical rollers being placed
with their largest ends in opposite directions. One of these rollers is encircled by
an endless band which also passes over guide or tension roller. The conical
rollers are pressed towards each other by suitable mechanism and nip the band
between them, through which the motion of the driving roller is communicated to
the driven roller. The variation in the speed of the driven shaft is obtained by
moving the endless band across the rollers by screw or other mechanism.
The last part of my invention refers to variable frictional gearing on the disc
and roller principle, applicable where a small amount of power is to be transmitted.
In this arrangement a single disc is used, and it is pressed upon-the-rollers-by-a-
spring or a fixed pressure acting through an antifrictional arrangement of plates
and balls. The disc or the rollers may be moved for varying the speed of the
driven shaft, as in the double disc arrangements. The rollers in this arrange-
ment may be built up of leather or other suitable material, or they may be
provided with an endless band as described in the first part of this Specification,
or the belts, bands, or cords used for transmitting the motion, to and from the
variable drive may form the frictional surface of the rollers. In the latter case
the disc would be the part moved for varying the speed and it may be placed
at an angle to suit the inclinations of the driving and driven bands.
Dated this 20th day of March 1893.

page_text: improvements in and relating to Frictional Gearing.
CHARLES WILLIAM HOLLIS 33 Glasshouse Street Nottingham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in frictional gearing, and is particularly
applicable to gearing of the kind described in Specification No. 14115 A.D. 1887,
the object of my present invention being to produce similar frictional gearing at
a less cost, and to obtain the same results by different arrangements embodying
the principle described in the Specification referred to.
In the Specification No. 14115 A.D. 1887 the arrangements comprise two discs
and two rollers so designed, that the discs may be moved over the rollers or the
rollers across the face of the discs by which means a varying velocity of the
driven shaft may be obtained.
The first part of my present improvements relates to the construction of the
rollers running between the discs. These rollers I make of metal or other suitable
material and I obtain the necessary frictional surface by an endless band which
may fit loosely upon the roller or be passed over a tension roller.
In another part of my improvements the pressure between the discs and rollers
is obtained by preventing the discs moving end ways on the shaft carrying them,
this arrangement enabling me to dispeuse with the pressure springs used in the
arrangements described in Specification No. 14115 A.D. 1887.
-
A third part of my invention relates to frictional driving gear applicable to
driven shafts requiring a comparatively small variation in speed. This arrangement
consists of two conical rollers placed on the driving and driven shafts, which may
be fitted with ball or other antifrictional bearings, the conical rollers being placed
with their largest ends in opposite directions. One of these rollers is encircled by
an endless band which also passes over a guide or tension roller. The conical
rollers are pressed towards each other by suitable mechanism and nip the band
between them, through which the motion of the driving roller is communicated to
the driven roller. The variation in the speed of the driven shaft is obtained by
moving the endless band across the rollers by screw or other mechanism..
The last part of my invention refers to variable frictional gearing on the disc
and roller principle, applicable where a small amount of power is to be transmitted.
In this arrangement a single disc is used, and it is pressed upon the rollers by a
spring or a fixed pressure acting through an antifrictional arrangement of plates
and balls. The disc or the rollers may be moved for varying the speed of the
driven shaft, as in the double disc arrangements. The rollers in this arrangement
may be built up of leather or other suitable material, or they may be provided
with an endless band as described in the first part of this Specification, or the
belts, bands, or cords used for transmitting the motion to and from the variable
drive, may form the frictional surface of the rollers. In the latter case the disc
would be the part moved for varying the speed and it may be placed at an angle to
suit the inclinations of the driving and driven bands.
I have attached hereto one sheet of explanatory drawings illustrating iny
invention and refer to the same in the following description.
Fig. 1. is an elevation partly in section showing my improved friction roller with
the loose band as adapted to a variable drive.
Fig. 2. is a section of Fig. 1 on the line 1. 2.
Fig. 3. is a section showing the arrangement I preferably adopt when the discs
are mounted so as to prevent end movement.
Fig. 4. is a plan of the double cone variable drive.

page_text: Fig. 5. is an elevation or a variable drive with only one disc, and
Fig. 6. is a section of the same.
In the variable drives described in Specification No. 14115 A.D. 1887, the driving.
shaft a Figs. 1 and 2 is fitted with a friction roller b which is made of solid discs
of leather or similar material and communicates motion to the driven shaft o by
means of discs d and e, and a second friction roller f. The discs d and e are
pressed together by a spring 9 which acts through an antifrictional arrangement h.
The rollers 6 and fare compelled to rotate with the shafts a and c and are capable
of sliding upon the same for giving the variation of speed, this end-movement of
the rollers being obtained by a sliding shaft k and gluts 1 and m, or by other
convenient arrangements of mechanism. Or the discs d and e may be fitted to slide
across the rollers.
Now the first part of my present invention relates to the construction of the
friction rollers b and f Figs. 1 and 2 which I now make of metal and an endless
band of suitable material 6' which I find to be as effective as the solid leather
rollers and much cheaper.
According to the second part of my invention I dispense with the spring g
Fig. 2 used for pressing the discs upon the friction rollers, and prevent both discs
from moving endways on their shafts. This I do preferably by using a ball
bearing such as is shown in Fig. 3, but I may use any ordinary bearing provided
the discs are provided with means for regulating the pressure between them and
the rollers.
The third part of my invention relates to a frictional drive for use when a com-
paratively small variation in speed is required. . For this purpose I use the
arrangement shown in Fig. 4, which comprises two conical rollers a³ and * placed
relatively to each other as shown. The driving cone a³ is mounted upon a shaft c
running in bearings which are fitted to slide in guides e and are pressed towards
the roller 6 by springs f³, the pressure of which can be regulated according to
circumstances. The guides e³ are also fitted with adjusting screws ³ to prevent
the ends of the roller a being pressed upon the roller 6 when the friction band
passes the centre of the same. The driven cone 68 runs in fixed bearings and is
provided with a friction band ³ which passes round the cone and a pulley k³ by
which the tension of the band is kept constant and by which the band is moved
across the cones, the pulley k³ being mounted upon a screwed shaft which is
prevented from rotating and is moved endways by a cord pulley m³ this pulley
forming a nut for the shaft ³. The pulley ³ may be used for guiding the band h
only, in which case the band ³ is not held tight by it, and it will be seen that in
this case the shaft 13 may be placed in a different position relatively to the rollers.
According to the fourth part of my invention shown in Figs. 5 and 6 only-one-
dise is used. This disc is fitted_with_the-usual-spring and antifrictional
arrangement,-or-with-a-fixed bearing, and is mounted upon a shaft a* which is
carried by a boss 64 fitted to slide on a fixed shaft and is moved by a sorewe,
this latter being carried by bearings f' and worked by a cord pulley 9, or by
other convenient means. In this arrangement the driving and driven bands or
cords and run in grooved pulleys which act as friction rollers with endless
bands, the motion communicated to the disc by the driving band, being transmitted
to the driven band, and the variation in speed is obtained by sliding the disc across
the rollers. The single disc arrangement shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may also be
applied to frictional drives of the kind illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2, and when so
applied the variation in the speed of the driven shaft may be obtained by moving
the rollers across the disc, or the disc over the rollers in exactly the same way as
when two discs are used.
It should be understood that where the words driving and driven have been used
in the foregoing description, with reference to any particular shaft or pulley, that
the words have been used to distinguish one from the other and that in all cases,
the same shaft or pulley may be used as the driven or driving shaft or pulley
according to the circumstances of each case.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In friction driving gear for obtaining a variable velocity by means of a disc or
discs pressed upon rollers, the use of an endless band in the construction of such
rollers, substantially as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and described in the accompanying
Specification.
2. In frictional driving gear for obtaining a variable velocity by means of a dise
or discs pressed upon rollers, mounting the discs to press upon the rollers with a
fixed or determined pressure substantially as shown and described in the
accompanying drawings and Specification.
3. A frictional driving gear comprising two conical rollers in which the motion
of one roller is communicated to the other by an endless band running between the
rollers, and the provision of means for moving the endless band from one end of
the rollers to the other substantially as shown in Fig. 4 and described in the
accompanying Specification.
4. A frictional driving gear in which the driving band or cord or a roller on the
driving shaft. gives motion to a disc which in its turn gives motion to the driven
band or cord or to a roller on the driven shaft and the provision of means for
varying the speed of the driven band or cord substantially as shown in Figs. 5
and 6 and described in the accompanying Specification.
Dated this 30th day of December 1893.
W. H. POTTER, M.I.M.E.,
Newcastle Chambers, Nottingham, Agent for the Applicant.