Improvements in the Manufacture of Figured Cloth.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd May, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Feb., 1890-Accepted, 22nd Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Figured Cloth.
I, JAMES BRADSHAIGH HODGKINSON, of the firm of George Hodgkinson and Son
of Hilton Mills, Bridgeman Street, Bolton in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of figured cloth, such as,
quilts, quiltings, curtains, vestings, Table Covers, or others, with satin ground and
raised figures, or with tabby ground and raised figures, and consists in producing a
figured figure or a figured ground by using from two to eight healds in place of two
healds which have hitherto been used in the manufacture of this kind of fabric. To
make this improved cloth looms of the ordinary construction are employed. One,
two, or more shuttles, and one, two, or more yarn beams can be employed. This
improved cloth can be woven either pick and pick, two and two, that is, two fine picks
and two coarse picks, or four fine picks and two coarse picks and so on as may be
desired. It can be woven by either a tappet or tappets, dobby, or Jacquard machine,
or by Jacquard machine and healds combined. When this improved cloth is made
with a Jacquard machine, or with a Jacquard machine and healds combined, I can
employ two or more comber boards for pressing. The yarn can be drawn in to provide
one or more face ends in each space of the reed or dent, and one or more back ends
in each space of the reed or dent.
This cloth can also be woven by manipulating the yarn and weft in the following
manner:―
1st and 2nd picks, machine up and one half of the face yarn up for coarse
weft.
3rd pick. Fine weft, machine down and one half back yarn raised and the reverse
face yarn to that raised in the first two picks of face yarn.
4th pick. Fine weft, and one half of back yarn raised as in 3rd pick and same half
face
yarn raised as in the 1st and 2nd picks.
5th pick. Coarse weft, machine up, same fine yarn raised as in 3rd pick.
6th pick. Machine up, same as the 5th pick in every respect.
7th pick. Fine weft, machine down, the opposite half of back yarn raised as in
picks 3 and 4, face yarn raised as in 1st pick.
8th pick. Machine down, fine weft, back yarn raised as in 7th pick, face yarn raised
as in 6th pick.
This completes the round of eight picks.
The above can also be made with one pick of coarse weft and one pick of fine weft
alternately instead of two picks of coarse weft and two picks of fine weft. It
can also be made by changing the machine between the first and second picks and
between the fifth and sixth picks.
In another method the yarn and weft are manipulated as follows:-
1st pick. Machine up, half of face yarn raised for pick of coarse weft.
2nd pick. Machine up, opposite half of face yarn raised and the other half down for
coarse pick.
3rd pick. Machine down, half back yarn raised, face yarn raised as in 2nd pick,
for pick of fine weft.
4th pick. Machine down, same back yarn raised as in 3rd
as in 1st pick for fine pick.
5th pick. Machine up, saine face yarn raised as in 2nd
weft.
6th pick. Machine up, same face yarn raised as in 1st
weft.
pick and same face yarn
pick for pick of course
pick for pick of coarse

page_text: 7th pick. Machine down, reverse one half of back yarn up as in 3rd pick, same face
yarn up as in 6th pick, for pick of fine weft.
8th pick. Machine down, same back yarn up as in 7th pick, same face yarn raised
as in 2nd pick for pick of fine weft.
This completes the round of eight and can be carried forward to sixteen to the
round.
To make the before mentioned cloth pick and pick the yarn and weft are manipulated
as follows:-
1st pick. Machine up, half face yarn up for pick of coarse weft.
2nd pick. Machine down, half back yarn up and reverse half of face yarn up as
in 1st pick for pick of fine weft.
3rd pick. Machine up, same face yarn up as 2nd pick, for pick of coarse weft.
4th pick. Machine down, reverse half of back yarn up as in 2nd pick, reverse half
of face yarn as in 2nd pick for pick of fine weft.
5th pick. Machine up, reverse half of face yarn as in 4th pick, for pick of coarse
weft.
6th pick. Machine down, same back yarn raised as in 2nd pick, same face yarn
raised as in 1st pick for pick of fine weft.
7th pick. Machine up, same face yarn as 6th pick for pick of coarse weft.
8th pick. Machine down, same back yarn raised as in 4th pick, and same face yarn
as 5th pick for pick of fine weft.
This completes the round of eight picks and can be carried forward to sixteen picks
to the round.
This cloth can be woven with one or more shuttles.
Another effect and style of cloth can be produced by interweaving the back or
stitching yarn into the actual fabric of the embossed or raised part of the cloth.
To do this the cards are cut solid for the ground part of the cloth and tabby for the
figured part of the cloth.
Dated the 22nd May 1889.
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Figured Cloth.
I, JAMES BRADSHAIGH HODGKINSON of the firm of George Hodgkinson and Son of
Hilton Mills, Bridgeman Street, Bolton in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of figured cloth, such as
quilts, quiltings, curtains, vestings, table covers, toilet covers, toilet mats, towels, or
others, with satin grounds and raised figures, or with "tabby" grounds and raised figures.
The object of this invention is to produce effects on the figure, or the raised part of the
cloth, or upon the ground part of the cloth, or both combined, that is, to produce a
figured figure upon a figured ground by employing from two to eight healds instead
of two healds which have hitherto been employed in the manufacture of these kinds of
fabrics. I also produce quite another effect and style of cloth by interweaving the
stitching yarn into the actual fabric of the embossed or raised part of the cloth.
To perform this I cut the cards solid for the ground part of the cloth and "tabby
for the figured part of the cloth. I also produce an embossed effect after the style
of the above, in which the figure part on the face of the cloth is separate from the
ground part, forming two seperate cloths fastened together only at those intersections
where the figure cloth passes to the back of the ground cloth. This makes the
embossed part of my improved fabric stand out more from the ground cloth. The
manner in which this is done is fully explained in the different modes of working
"

page_text: yarn and weft. I also produce two different effects upon the raised or figured part
of the same cloth by the weft or wefts; one effect being an embossed figured figure,
the other being a wavy or gauze effect. I also can work with two or more different
colors of coarse wefts thus producing a tapestry effect upon satin or calico ground.
To perform this separate cards are cut for every face pick, one card being cut solid
for ground only; the other being cut solid for all the cloth except where it is
desired to produce the embossed effect. To make these improved cloths a loom of
ordinary construction is used. I can employ one, two, three or more shuttles, and
one, two, or more yarn beams. They can be woven pick and pick," that is, one
pick of fine and one pick of coarse; two and one, that is, two fine picks and one
coarse pick, or two coarse picks and one fine pick, also one shuttle in which the same
weft is used for every pick, or they can be woven two and two picks, or three and two
picks, or four and two picks, or any other change or combination of the picking of
one, two, three, or more shuttles that can be formed or devised. These improved
cloths can be woven with either tappet, dobby, or jacquard machine, or jacquard
machine and healds combined. When these fabrics are made with a jacquard
machine, or with a jacquard machine and healds combined, I can employ two or more
comber boards for pressing, that is, lifting the ground yarn. I can also draw the
yarn in to have one or more face ends in each space or dent of the reed and one or
more back ends in each space or dent in the reed. I connect each hook in the
jacquard machine to one or more separate ends in the warp by tieing the harness
from two or more comber boards to the same hook. This allows of either a calico or
a satin ground being woven by manipulating these boards in the manner described in
the following modes and diagrams on the annexed sheet.
The diagrams on the annexed sheet are made so that any expert in the making of
cloth can understand them, and the cloth so made can be woven to produce any of
the effects that are claimed for them.
When making my improved cloth with jacquard machine and healds combined
I can use from two to eight healds instead of two healds as hitherto ; and the manner
of drawing the yarn through the healds and mails is shown in the drafts on the
annexed sheet.
In draft No. 1 I employ two healds and draw the back yarn through the mails
alternately. For every two back ends drawn in through the mails I draw one face
end in alternately drawing them, the face ends, through the two healds. In this
draft the first end is drawn through a mail in the back board. The second end is a
face end, and is drawn through an eye in the second heald. The third end is a back
end, and is drawn through a mail in the front board. The fourth end is a back end
and is drawn through a mail in the back board. The fifth end is a face end and is
drawn through an eye in the first heald. The sixth end is a back end, and is drawn
through a mail in the front board.
This completes one repeat of the draft but it can be repeated as often as required in
the width of the cloth according to the quality and width of the fabric.
The modes and diagrams shown in Figs. 13, 14, and 15 require the yarn to be
drawn in as above.
I can also produce my improved fabrics upon three healds, and the method of
drawing the yarn in on three bealds is shown in draft No. 2. In this draft the first
end is drawn through the mail in the back board and is a back end. The second end
is drawn through an eye in the third heald and is a face end. The third end is
drawn through a mail in the front board and is a back end. The fourth end is a back
end and is drawn through a mail in the back board. The fifth end is a face end and is
drawn through an eye in the second heald. The sixth end is a hack end and is drawn
in similar to the third end. The seventh end is a back end and is drawn in similar to
the first end. The eighth end is a face end and is drawn through an eye in the first
heald. The ninth end is drawn in like the third end. The tenth end is drawn in like
the first end. The eleventh end is drawn in like the fifth end, and the twelfth end is
drawn in like the third end,

page_text: This completes one repeat of draft No. 2, but it can be repeated as often as
required according to the quality and width of the fabric. The mode of weaving
according to Fig. 30 requires draft No. 2. I can also draw the yarn in to produce
my improved fabrics upon four shafts of healds as shown in draft No. 3. In this draft
the first end is a back one, and is drawn through a mail in the back board. The
second end is a face one, and is drawn through an eye in the fourth heald. The third
end is a back one and is drawn through a mail on the front board. The fourth end is
drawn in like the first end, and is a back one. The fifth end is a face one, and is
drawn through an eye in the second heald. The sixth end is a back one, drawn in
like the third end. The seventh end is a back one, drawn in like the first end. The
eighth end is a face one, drawn through an eye in the third heald. The ninth end is
a back one, drawn in like the third end. The tenth end is a back one, drawn in like
the first end. The eleventh end is a face one, drawn in through an eye in the first
heald, and the twelfth end is a back one, drawn in like the third end.
This completes the round of twelve ends which is repeated any number of times
according to the quality and width of the fabric.
All the different modes and diagrams excepting those shown in Figs. 13, 14, 15,
and 30 will produce my improved cloth if draft No. 3 is employed.
I can also draw the yarn in to be two ends in a space or dent of the reed. One end
to be a back end, the other to be a face end. The manner of drawing the ends through
the harness is shown in draft No. 4 on the annexed sheet.
In this draft the first end is a back one, and is drawn tlirough a mail in the back
board. The second end is a face one, and is drawn through an eye in the second
head. The third end is a back one, and is drawn through a mail in the front board,
and the fourth end is a face one, drawn through an eye in the first heald.
Draft No. 4 is applicable to diagrams and modes in Figs. 13, 14, and 15, or any
other combination of modes, which can be worked upon two healds. This draft can
be employed if the yarn is drawn in one or more ends in a space or dent of the reed,
or four or more ends in each space or dent of the reed.
In the before mentioned drafts the fine lines represent fine ends, and the thick lines
coarse ends.
Having shown how the harness and loom is prepared and yarn drawn in to produce
my improved fabrics, I now give a number of diagrams and modes or methods in
which my improved systems can be applied to produce the various effects or figures
upon the figures; and the different methods of manipulating the yarn and weft to
produce the satin and calico grounds.
In order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into effect,
I will describe the accompanying sheet of diagrams, showing how the yarn and weft
are manipulated to weave my improved cloth.
MODE 1. FIG. 1.
1st pick, machine up; one-half face yarn up, coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; one-half face yarn up, coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; one-half back yarn raised, and the reverse half of face
yarn to that raised in 1st and 2nd picks, fine weft.
4th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 3rd pick, and the same face
yarn raised as in 1st and 2nd picks, fine weft.
5th pick, machine up; one-half face yarn raised as in 3rd pick, coarse weft.
6th pick, same as 5th pick in every respect.
7th pick, machine down; the opposite half of back yarn raised to that raised in
picks 3 and 4; the same face yarn raised as in 4th pick, fine weft.
8th pick, machine down; the same half of back yarn raised as in 7th pick; face
yarn raised as in 6th pick; fine weft.
This completes the round of eight picks but it can be extended to 16 picks or more.
If desired I can make the foregoing with one pick of coarse weft and one pick of

page_text: fine weft alternately, or, with one weft only; also with three picks of coarse weft and
one pick of fine weft instead of two picks of coarse weft and two picks of fine weft
as above.
I can also make the foregoing by changing the machine between the 1st and 2nd
picks, and between the 5th and 6th picks.
Another method of manipulating the yarn and weft to make my improved cloth is
shown in

page_text: 1st pick, machine up; 1st and 2nd healds raised: coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; half back yarn raised, and all face yarn ; fine weft.
4th pick, machine down; reverse half of back yarn to 3rd pick raised, all face
yarn; fine weft.
5th pick, machine up; 1st and 2nd healds raised; coarse weft.
6th pick, machine up; 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
7th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 3rd pick; all face yarn
raised; fine weft.
8th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 4th pick; all face yarn
raised fine weft.
This completes the round of 8 picks, which can be extended to 16 or more if
desired.
All the methods of working mentioned at foot of Mode 1 can be applied to this.
With Mode 6 a calico ground is formed.
MODE 7. FIG. 7.
1st pick, machine up; half face yarn raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; reverse half of face yarn raised in 1st pick; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; all face yarn raised, and half back yarn ; fine weft.
4th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 3rd pick; same face yarn
raised as in 1st pick; fine weft.
5th pick, machine up; half face yarn raised; coarse weft.
6th pick, machine up; reverse half of face yarn raised in 5th pick; coarse weft.
7th pick, machine down; reverse half back yarn raised to 3rd and 4th picks and
same face yarn as in 2nd pick; fine weft.
8th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 7th pick; all face yarn
raised; fine weft.

page_text: This completes the round of 8 picks, which can be extended to 16 or more if
esired.
All the methods mentioned at foot of Mode 1 can be applied to the above mode.

page_text: MODE 11. FIG. 11.
1st pick, machine up; 1st and 2nd healds raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; half back yarn raised, and 1st and 3rd healds; fine
weft.
4th pick, machine down; reverse half back yarn raised, and 2nd and 3rd healds;
fine weft.
5th pick, machine up; 1st and 2nd healds raised; coarse weft.
6th pick, machine up; 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
7th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 3rd pick; 2nd and
4th healds raised; fine weft.
8th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 4th pick; 1st and 4th healds
raised fine weft.
This completes the round of 8 picks, which can be extended to 16 or more if
desired.
All the methods of working mentioned at foot of Mode 1 can be applied to this
mode.
Mode 11 is for weaving my improved cloth with a calico ground.
MODE 12. FIG. 12.
1st pick, machine up; 1st and 3rd healds raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; 2nd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; half back yarn and all face yarn raised; fine weft.
4th pick, same as 3rd pick.
5th pick, same as 1st pick.
6th pick, same as 2nd pick.
7th pick, machine down; the reverse half of back yarn to 3rd pick raised, and all
face yarn; fine weft.
8th pick, same as 7th pick.
This completes the round of 8 picks, which can be extended to 16 or more if
desired.
All the methods of working mentioned at foot of Mode 1 can be applied to this
mode.
Mode 12 is for weaving my improved cloth of the style termed bag cloth with a
satin ground.
MODE 13. FIG. 13.
To produce my improved cloth with either a calico or satin ground I employ any
number of healds from two upwards. In the calico ground cloth woven pick and pick
with two healds having a bag cloth figure.
The yarn and weft are manipulated in the following manner :-
1st pick, machine up; 2nd heald raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine down; half of back yarn and all face yarn raised; fine weft.
3rd pick, machine up; 1st heald raised; coarse weft.
4th pick, machine down; reverse half of back yarn raised to 2nd pick; all face :
yarn raised; fine weft.
5th pick, same as 3rd pick.
6th pick, same as 2nd pick.
7th pick, same as 1st pick.

page_text: 8th pick, same as 4th pick.
This completes the round of 8 picks, which can be extended to 12, 16, or more if
desired.
I can work this mode pick and pick, that is, one pick of coarse and one of fine;
also one shuttle, that is, either with fine or coarse welt, or three shuttles having every
alternate coarse pick of a different quality or color or both, or two and one, that is,
either two coarse and one fine, or two fine and one coarse picks instead of one and
one as given in the above mode or any other combination of shuttles than can be
formed.
I can also produce my improved cloth upon two healds with a satin ground having
a bag cloth figure in which case the yarn and weft are manipulated as in

page_text: 124
piens.
6th pick, same as 1st and 2nd picks.
7th pick, machine down; opposite half of back yard raised to 3rd pick; 2nd and 4th
healds raised; fine weft.
8th pick, same as 7th pick.
9th pick, machine up; 2nd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
10th pick, same as 9th pick.
11th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 3rd and 4tb picks; 1st
and 3rd healds raised; fine weft.
12th pick, same as 11th pick.
13th pick, same as 9th and 10th picks.
14th pick, same as 9th and 10th picks.
15th pick, machine down; same back yarn raised as in 7th and 8th picks; 1st
and 3rd healds raised; fine weft.
16th pick, same as 15th pick.
This completes the round of 16 picks.
All the methods mentioned at foot of Mode 1 can be applied to Mode 16.
MODE 17. FIG. 17.
1st pick, machine up; 1st heald raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; 3rd heald raised; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; half back yarn, and half face yarn raised; fine weft.
4th pick, machine up ; 2nd heald raised; coarse weft.
5th pick, machine up; 4th heald raised; coarse weft.
6th pick, machine down; reverse half of back yarn raised to 3rd pick; 3rd and 4th
healds raised; fine weft.
Mode 17 is for weaving my improved cloth on 6 to the round to produce a calico
ground.
This completes the round of 6 picks, which can be extended to 12 picks or more if
desired.
This can be worked two and one, that is, two coarse and one fine, or one shuttle,
also two fine and one coarse, or three shuttles, that is, two different qualities of coarse
picks and one fine pick.
My invention consists in producing a fabric which is composed of two separate
cloths, one cloth being brought to the face of the other when it is desired to make a
figure; and where it is desired to show the ground it is at the back of the other, or
ground cloth.
The figure part on the face of the cloth is only fastened to the ground cloth at those
intersections where the coarse or figure cloth passes to the back of the ground cloth :
this makes the embossed effect on this improved cloth to stand well out.
To produce this effect which I term bag cloth, the yarn and weft are manipulated
as shown and described in Mode 6, Fig. 6.
Another method of weaving this bag cloth with a calico ground and with 6 picks to
the round is shown in
MODE 18. FIG. 18.
1st. pick, machine up ; 1st heald raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; 2nd heald raised; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; half back yarn and all face yarn raised; fine weft.
4th pick, machine up; 3rd heald raised; coarse weft."
5th pick, machine up; 4th heald raised; coarse weft.
6th pick, machine down; reverse half of back yarn raised to 3rd pick; all face
yarn raised; fine weft.
This completes the round of 6 picks, which can be extended to 12 or more picks
if desired.
-

page_text: This can be worked with two and one, or one shuttle, or three shuttles, two coarse
shuttles and one fine shuttle, or two fine and one coarse as may be desired, or two
coarse and three fine. The machine can change cards between 1st and 2nd picks and
between 4th and 5th picks.
Another method of weaving this bag cloth figure with a calico ground is shown in

page_text: 6th pick, machine up ; 1st, 3rd, and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
7th pick, machine down; reverse half of back yarn raised to 3rd and 4th picks ;
all face yarn raised; fine weft.
8th pick, same as 7th pick.
This completes the round of 8 picks, which can be extended to 16 or more picks
if desired.
All the methods of working mentioned at foot of Mode 1 can be applied to
Mode 24.
I can also produce the two effect bag cloth upon 16 picks to the round. This is
specially suitable for 3 shuttle work, because it gives two different effects upon the
figures on the face of the cloth, and another effect on the raised part at the back of
the cloth, besides giving a calico ground or satin ground.
The following method of manipulating the yarn and weft will give the above
effects upon a calico or tabby" ground.
"
MODE 25. FIG. 25.
1st pick, machine up; 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up ; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd healds raised; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; half back yarn, and all face yarn raised; fine weft.
4th pick, machine down; reverse half of back yarn raised to 3rd pick; all face
yarn raised; fine weft.
5th pick, machine up; 1st and 2nd healds raised; coarse weft.
6th pick, machine up; 1st, 2nd, and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
7th pick, same as 3rd pick.
8th pick, same as 4th pick.
9th pick, machine up; 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
10th pick, machine up ; 2nd, 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
11th pick, same as 3rd pick.
12th pick, same as 4th pick.
13th pick, same as 5th pick.
14th pick, machine up ; 1st, 3rd, and 4th healds raised; coarse weft
15th pick, same as 3rd pick.
16th pick, same as 4th pick.
This completes the round of 16 picks.
All the methods of working mentioned at foot of Mode 1 can be applied to
Mode 25.
Another method of producing my improved cloth with two effects on the face, and
making a bag cloth figure on a calico ground is as shown in
MODE 26. FIG. 26.
1st pick, machine up ; 1st & 2nd, healds raised; coarse weft.
2nd pick, machine up; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd healds raised; coarse weft.
3rd pick, machine down; half back yarn and all face yarn raised; fine weft.
4th pick, machine up; 3rd and 4th healds raised
; coarse weft.
Eth pick, machine up; 1st, 2nd, and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
6th pick, machine down; reverse half of back yarn raised to 3rd pick; all face
yarn raised; fine weft.
7th pick, same as 1st pick.
8th pick, machine up; 2nd, 3rd, and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
9th pick, same as 3rd pick.
10th pick, same as 4th pick.
11th pick, machine up; 1st, 3rd and 4th healds raised; coarse weft.
12th pick, same as 6th pick.
This completes the round of 12 picks.

page_text: I can produce my improved cloth on any number of healds from two upwards.
The following manner of manipulating the yarn and weft is worked upon three
healds, and will produce the two effect bag cloth with a calico ground as shown in

page_text: 10th pick, same as 7th pick.
11th pick, same as 8th pick.
12th pick, same as 9th pick.
This completes the round of 12 picks, which can be extended to 24 or more picks
if desired.
All the methods mentioned at foot of Modes 18 and 19 can be applied to Mode 32.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The manufacture of figured cloth with a satin or a "tabby" ground and raised
or embossed figured figures, or a satin figure and a figured ground, that is, two or
more effects are produced on the figure or the raised part of the cloth, or upon the
ground part of the cloth, or both combined, by means of the various methods of
picking and drawing in of the ends, made in broad or narrow looms with one or more
shuttles, substantially in the manner herein described and as illustrated by the
accompanying diagrams, or any mere modification thereof.
2. The manufacture of figured cloth composed of two separate cloths, wherein one
cloth is brought to the face of the other where it is desired to make a figure, and
where it is desired to show the ground it is at the back of the other, or ground cloth,
woven by means of the various methods of picking and drawing in of the ends,
substantially in the manner herein described and as illustrated by diagrams No. 6, 12,
13, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32.
Dated the 20th February 1890.
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Agent.