Improvements in Appliances for Teaching Drawing and Geometry.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 4th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 6th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Appliances for Teaching Drawing and
Geometry.
I, HENRY DAWSON BARKAS, of Braemar House, Bulmershe Road, Reading, in
the County of Berkshire, Director of the Reading School of Art, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates to improvements in appliances for teaching drawing and
geometry and consists mainly in the employment of transparent wire gauze or
perforated metal for the construction of planes and models used for that purpose.
Hitherto it has been usual to employ planes of glass or gelatine but the use of
these materials is attended with very great drawbacks, as is well known to persons
having occasion to use them. The many advantages attending the use of wire
gauze or perforated metal for the construction of planes and models will be obvious
to any person perusing this Specification.
According to this invention I construct planes, black-boards and drawing models
of wire gauze or perforated metal as hereinbefore stated. A simple plane con-
structed of this material and interposed between the object and eye for the purpose
of ascertaining the correct perspective in the well known manner may be readily
drawn upon with chalk or other suitable marking substance which may be as
readily removed by the application of a duster or a stiff brush. It is well known
that glass planes can only be marked upon with soap which is extremely unpleasant
to handle and leaves the glass in a sticky condition so that dust and dirt readily
adhere thereto.
For teaching geometry and perspective the plane may not only be used as a
black-board as described but threads of wires may be passed through the meshes of
the gauze from different points of the object for the purpose of projecting the
different views of the same.
Models of objects consisting of a number of flat sides placed at certain angles
have hitherto been successfully made in skeleton form by the joining together of a
number of rods or wires. It has however been impossible to make anything but
solid models of objects having curved surfaces such as cylinders, cones, &c., as the
same if constructed in skeleton form would have the appearance of prisms or
pyramids. Now when these objects are made of wire gauze or perforated metal the
curved surfaces can be properly represented and being to a great extent transparent
the edges farthest from the observer may be seen and properly drawn in perspective
either upon a plane constructed as described or upon any other desired surface.
This 2nd of Mach 1902
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: •
Improvements in Appliances for Teaching Drawing and
Geometry.
I, HENRY DAWSON BARKAS, of Braemar House, Bulmershe Road, Reading,
in the County of Berkshire, Director of the Reading School of Art, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in appliances for teaching drawing and
geometry and consists mainly in the employment of transparent wire gauze or
perforated metal, cardboard or other suitable material for the construction of planes
and models for that purpose. Hitherto it has been usual to employ planes of glass
or gelatine but the use of these materials is attended with very great drawbacks, as
is well known to persons having occasion to use them. The many advantages
attending the use of wire gauze or perforated metal, cardboard or other suitable
material for the construction of planes and models will be obvious to any person
perusing this Specification.
According to this invention I construct planes, black-boards and drawing models
of wire gauze or perforated metal, cardboard or other suitable material as
hereinbefore stated. A simple plane constructed of this material and interposed
between the object and eye for the purpose of ascertaining the correct perspective
in the well known manner may be readily drawn upon with chalk or other suitable
marking substance which may be as readily removed by the application of a duster
or a stiff brush. It is well known that glass planes can only be marked upon with
soap which is extremely unpleasant to handle and leaves the glass in a sticky
condition so that dust and dirt readily adhere thereto.
°
For teaching geometry and perspective the plane may not only be used as a
black-board as described but threads or wires may be passed through the meshes of
the gauze from different points of the object for the purpose of projecting the
different views of the same.
Models of objects consisting of a number of flat sides placed at certain angles
have hitherto been successfully made in skeleton form by the joining together of a
number of rods or wires. It has however been impossible to make anything but
solid models of objects having curved surfaces such as cylinders, cones &c., as the
same if constructed in skeleton form would have the appearance of prisms or
pyramids. Now when these objects are made of wire gauze or perforated metal,
cardboard or other suitable material the curved surfaces can be properly represented
and being to a great extent transparent the edges farthest from the observer may be
seen and properly drawn in perspective either upon a plane constructed as described,
or upon any other desired surface
The advantages gained by the use of wire gauze or perforated metal or other
material in the construction of planes and models will be better understood with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figs. 1 and 2 of these drawings illustrate the use and construction of planes a
of wire gauze or perforated metal, cardboard or other material which may be
supported in frames a¹ when teaching perspective drawing and orthographic
projection, and in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are shown models b of wire gauze or perforated
metal, cardboard or other suitable material from which it will be seen that not only
is the whole outline of the model exposed to view but curves thereon will likewise
appear more fully than is the case where skeleton models are used.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
Planes and models of wire gauze or perforated metal, cardboard or other suitable
material, substantially as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated this 1st day of December 1893.
"
CASTLE SMITH,
Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.