An improved Liquid Mixture and Vapour Generated therefrom to be used as a Motive Fluid.
Year: 1884

page_text: An improved Liquid Mixture and Vapour Generated therefrom
to be used as a Motive Fluid.
I PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED LIQUID MIXTURE AND VAPOUR
GENERATED THEREFROM TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE FLUID" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to gain power in engines and to economize fuel.
Any steam engine having a boiler of ordinary construction with a surface condenser
can be used.
The Invention consists first in mixing water slightly alkaline, but not to exceed
one (1) per cent. with alcohol either absolute methylic, the alcohol of commerce or
of any other kind or name jointly or separately, their mixtures or compounds, in
the proportions hereinafter mentioned; secondly, in introducing the compound
liquid thus formed into boilers, and vaporizing the same by heat; thirdly in the
compound vapour so generated and fourthly in using said compound vapour as a
motor power.
The proportions of the alcohols or their compounds and water
depends on the size of the boilers and the degree of pressure required. In small
boilers vis. boilers used in engines of from two (2) to twenty (20) horse power,
equal parts of the alcohols or their compounds and water may be used for ordinary
working pressure, but if a lighter pressure than the ordinary working pressure
of the boiler, be desired the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds
may be varied i.e. sixty (60) per cent. of water to forty (40) per cent. of
the alcohols or their compounds and so on, varying the proportions of the water
and alcohols or their compounds if a still lighter pressure is desired to ninety (90)
per cent. of water and ten (10) per cent. of the alcohols or their compounds. A
larger per centage of the alcohols, their mixtures or compounds, than is herein
mentioned may be used under certain circumstances and conditions, but such use
is dangerous and hazardous and I have therefore limited the per centage to
fifty (50) per cent. as the highest that should be used in any case.
In largo boilers. i.e. boilers in engines of twenty (20) horse power and upwards,
the proportions of the liquids for ordinary working pressure, are, alcohols or their
compounds, forty (40) per cent. water sixty (60) per cent.
These proportions, the same as in smaller boilers may be varied by reducing the
per centage of the alcohols or their compounds and increasing the per centage of
TD 177

page_text: water, where lighter than ordinary working pressure is necessary or desirable until
the desired pressure is obtained. The proportions of the liquids however must not
be changed to more than ninety five (95) per cent. of water or less than five (5)
per cent. of the alcohols or their compounds.
In most cases, in large boilers the liquid compound need not contain more than
ten (10) to twenty (20) per cent. of the alcohols or their compounds.
By varying the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds and water as
above directed, the degree of pressure can be increased or diminished as required.
As the same pressure cannot always be maintained in boilers of the same size
owing to atmospheric and other conditions different proportions of the liquids may
be found necessary in such boilers in order to obtain a given pressure. To increase
the pressure, the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds must be increased,
and to diminish the pressure, the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds must
be diminished, the degree of heat remaining the same. When heat is applied to
a boiler filled with the above described compound liquid, the alcohols or their
compounds will first vaporize at a comparatively low temperature and the vapour
passes into the steam chamber. When the temperature is raised to two hundred
and twelve (212°) degrees, the steam generated from the water will combine and
mingle with the alcoholic vapour forming a new compound vapour possessing the
elasticity and expansion of the alcoholic vapour and the volume and tension of the
steam, the elastic expansion of the alcoholic vapour being imparted to the steam
and the volume and tension of the steam being communicated to the alcoholic
vapour. By the union of these qualities of the respective vapours the new compound
vapour will be found to be capable of producing with the same degree of heat, at
least twice the pressure or expansive power of steam; and with one half the degree
of heat, a pressure equal to, if not greater than steam. This result is due to the
fact that the alcoholic vapours surrounded and permeated by the steam become
thereby superheated and thus acquire a volume and tension nearly, if not quite
equal to steam. The alcoholic vapours, though superheated by the steam are
protected thereby so that they do not decompose but distil over into liquid
unchanged.
The compound vapour formed as above described can be controlled and managed
with equal facility and safety to steam. As the compound vapour passes into the
cylinder and becomes condensed, the latent heat of the steam is given off to the
lower or alcoholic vapours, maintaining their elastic tension and enabling them to
expand and force the piston forward to its full stroke. The compound vapour
protects the interior of the boiler, pipes, and cylinders from corrosion and being to
some degree a lubricant assists in lubricating the cylinder while in use.
After the vapour has been used, it passes into the condenser, is reliquified,
returned to the boiler and again used as before without perceptible diminution in
quantity or quality. There is therefore no loss in the liquid or at least so slight a
loss as to be inconsiderable.
:
No changes in the construction of boilers suitable for generating steam are
necessary or desirable.

page_text: of
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature
Baid Invention for AN IMPROVED LIQUID MIXTURE AND VAPOUR
GENERATED THEREFROM TO BE USED AS A MOTIVE FLUID and in what manner-
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
The object of my Invention is to gain power in engines and to economize fuel.
Any steam engine having a boiler of ordinary construction with a surface
condenser can be used.
My Invention consists; first, in mixing water slightly alkaline but not to exceed
one (1) per cent. with alcohol, either absolute, methylic the alcohol of commerce or
of any other kind or name jointly or separately, their mixtures or compounds in
the proportions hereinafter mentioned; secondly in introducing the compound
liquid thus formed into boilers and vaporizing the same by heat; thirdly in the
compound vapor so generated; and fourthly, in using said compound vapor as a
motor power.
The proportions of the alcohols or their compounds and water
depends on the size of the boilers and the degree of pressure required.
In small boilers, viz.; boilers used in engines of from two (2) to twenty (20)
horse power, equal parts of the alcohols or their compounds and water may be used
for ordinary working pressure, but if a lighter pressure than the ordinary working.
pressure of the boiler is desired the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds
may be raised i.c., sixty (60) per cent. of water to forty (40) per cent. of the alcohols
or their compounds and so on varying the proportions of the water and alcohols or
their compounds, if a still lighter pressure is desired to ninety (90) per cent. of
water and ten (10) per cent. of the alcohols or their compounds. A larger per
centage of the alcohols, their mixtures or compounds than is herein mentioned may
be used under certain circumstances and conditions but such use is dangerous and
bazardous and I have therefore limited the per centage to fifty (50) per cent. as the
highest that should be used in any case.
In large boilers i.e. boilers in engines of (20) horsepower and upwards the
proportions of the liquids for ordinary working pressure are alcohols or their
compounds forty (40) per cent, water sixty (60) per cent.
These proportions, the same as in smaller boilers may be varied by reducing the
per centage of the alcohols or their compounds and increasing the per centage of..
water where lighter than ordinary working pressure is necessary or desirable until
the desired pressure is obtained.
The proportions of the liquids however must not be changed to more than ninety
five (95) per cent. of water, or less than five (5) per cent. of the alcohols or their
compounds.
In most cases in large boilers the liquid compound need not contain more than
ten (10) to twenty (20) per cent. of the alcohols or their compounds.
By varying the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds and water as
above directed the degree of pressure can be increased or diminished as required.
As the same pressure cannot always be maintained in boilers of the same size owing
to atmospheric and other conditions different proportions of the liquids may be found
necessary in such boilers in order to obtain a given pressure. To increase the
pressure the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds must be increased and
to diminish the pressure the proportions of the alcohols or their compounds must be
diminished the degree of heat remaining the same..

page_text: .
When heat is applied to a boiler filled with the above described compound liquid
the alcohols or their compounds will first vaporize at a comparatively low
temperature and the vapor passes into the steam chamber. When the temperature
is raised to two hundred and twelve (212) degrees the steam generated from the
water will combine and mingle with the alcoholic vapor forming a new compound
vapor possessing the elasticity and expansion of the alcoholic vapor and the volume
and tension of the steam. The elastic expansion of the alcoholic vapor being
imparted to the steam and the volume and tension of the steam being communicated
to the alcoholic vapor.
By the union of these qualities of the respective vapors "the new compound
vapor, will be found to be capable of producing with the same degree of heat at
least twice the pressure or expansive power of steam and with one half the degree
of heat, a pressure equal to if not greater than steam.
-This result is due to the fact that the alcoholic vapors surrounded and permeated
by the steam become thereby superheated and thus acquire a volume and tension
nearly if not quite equal to steam.
The alcoholic vapors though superheated by the steam are protected thereby so
that they do not decompose but distill over into liquid unchanged.
The compound vapor formed as above described can be controlled and managed
with equal facility and safety to steam.
As the, compound vapor passes into the cylinder and becomes condensed the
latent heat of the steam is given off to the lower or alcoholic vapors maintaining
their elastic tension and enabling them to expand and force the piston forward to
its full stroke.
:
The compound vapor protects the interior of the boiler, pipes and cylinders from
corrosion and being to some degree a lubricant assists in lubricating the cylinder
while in use.
After the vapor has been used it passes into the condenser, is reliquified, returned
to the boiler, and again used as before without perceptible diminution in quantity
or quality.
There is therefore no loss in the liquid, or at least so slight a loss as to be
inconsiderable.
>>
No changes in the construction of boilers suitable for generating steam are
necessary or desirable.
Having thus fully described the Invention as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is :-
1. A compound liquid to be used in engine boilers to generate a. vapor for a
motor power consisting of alcohol, either absolute methylic, the alcohol of commerce
or of any other kind or name either jointly or separately, their mixtures or
compounds, and water in the following proportions viz.; for small boilers i.e. boilers
of from two (2) to twenty (20) horse power, equal parts of water and alcohol or
alcohols, their mixtures or compounds and for large boilers i.e. boilers of twenty (20)
horse power and upwards six (6) parts water and four (4) parts alcohol or alcohols
their mixtures or compounds and the modifications and variations of said proportions
substantially as described.
2nd The process of generating a compound vapor as a motor power which consists
in mixing absolute and methylic alcohols, the alcohol of commerce their compounds
or mixtures or either of said alcohols or their mixtures or compounds jointly or
separately with water in equal proportions for small boilers, and for large boilers
six (6) parts water to four (4) parts absolute or methylic alcohols their mixtures or
compounds and modifications and variations of such proportions and subjecting the
same to heat in engine boilers the same as water is heated to generate steam
substantially as described.
3rd A compound vapor generated by heat in boilers from water and alcohols,
either absolute, methylic, the alcohol of commerce or of any other kind or name
either jointly or separately, their mixtures or compounds mixed in the following
proportions; in small boilers i.e, boilers of from. two (2) to twenty (20) horse

page_text: power equal parts of water and alcohol or alcohols their mixtures or compounds, in
large boilers &c. boilers of twenty (20) horse power and upwards, six (6) parts
water and four (4) parts alcohol or alcohols their mixtures or compounds and the
modifications and variations of said proportions substantially as set forth and.
described.
4. The improved method or process of operating steam or vapor engines which
consists in applying thereto the compound vapor herein described and claimed
substantially as set forth.