Improvements in the Construction of Wire-link Chains.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 8th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 13th Dec., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by GEORGE HENRY OGILVY, of 115, East 114th Street,
New York, U.S.A., Engineer.]
Improvements in the Construction of Wire-link Chains.
I GEORGE CROYDON MARKS of 13 Temple Street Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to construct a wire link chain which shall be more
flexible, more easily joined and more free from sqirming, than the ordinary wire ropes
as usually constructed.
In carrying my invention into effect I construct my wire rope chain, in the form
of a wire linked cable; formed out of iron steel, phosphor bronze or other suitable
metal, which may be tinned galvanized or otherwise protected or coated in the ordinary
well known manner.
I form a link by taking the wire and winding it round several times according to
the strength required; forming a long link similar in shape to the links of an ordinary
chain. The two ends of the wire I twist upon each other or upon the other wires, or
I bind them together by means of fine or ordinary binding wire. I bend the link in
the middle of its length, bringing the two rounded, bow or loop ends together; then
taking a second link of the same form as the first, I pass it through the two loop
ends of the first link, and then bend it so that the two ends may come together similarly
to the first link.
I bend each link in the middle of its length and by threading one link into another
construct a wire linked rope of any required length.
I preserve the wires forming the eyes of the links from wear or injury, both inside
and outside, by employing a shield of iron steel, or other suitable material, employing
it as a thimble to suit the loops of each link. I bind the middle or central part of
each link with thin wire or cord, in order to secure the shields in the eyes of the
links, to give the rope a neater appearance and to make it suitable for being grasped
by the hand when used for ships rigging or other purposes where the rope requires
to be handled.
I do not however limit my invention to wire rope chains having links made in
this form alone, but sometimes construct them without any eye shields, and with open
links as before described. I also construct a wire rope chain by winding the links
one within another, securing the ends by pressing or binding together, without
requiring to bend each link back upon itself.
The links may be of any desired length and made from wire of any size, although
I prefer to employ thin wire, so that a link may be readily and easily made;
the required strength being obtained by bending the wire round in the link several
times.
Dated this 7th day of January 1890.

page_text: "
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COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Wire-link Chains.
I, GEORGE CROYDON MARKS, of 13 Temple Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my invention is to construct a wire link chain or sling which shall be
more flexible, more easily joined, and more free from squirming than the ordinary
wire ropes as usually constructed.
In carrying my invention into effect. I construct my wire rope chain in the form of
a wire linked cable, formed out of iron, steel, phosphor bronze or other suitable
metal may be tinned, galvanized or otherwise protected or coated in the ordinary well
known manner.
I form a link by taking the wire and winding it round several times according to
the strength required; forming a long link similar in shape to the links of an ordinary
chain. The two ends of the wire I twist upon each other or upon the other wires,
or I bind them together by means of fine or ordinary binding wire. I bend the link
in the middle of its length, bringing the two rounded, bow or loop ends together;
, then taking a second link of the same form as the first link I pass it through the
two loop ends of the first link, and then bend it so that the two ends may come
together similarly to the first link. I bend each link in the middle of its length,
and by threading one link into another, construct a wire linked rope of any required
length.
I preserve the wires forming the eyes of the links from wear or injury, both inside
and outside, by employing a shield of iron, steel or other suitable material, employing
it as a thimble to suit the loops of each link. I bind the middle or central portion
of each link with thin wire or cord, in order to secure the shields in the eyes of the
links, to give the rope a neater appearance, and to make it suitable for being grasped
by the hand when used for ships rigging, or other purposes where the rope requires
to be handled.
I do not however limit my invention to wire rope chains having links make in
this form alone, but sometimes construct them without any eye shields, and with
open links as before described. I also construct a wire rope by winding the links
one within another securing the ends by passing or binding together, without
requiring to bend each link back upon itself.
The links may be of any desired length and made from wire of any size, although
I prefer to employ thin wire, so that a link may be readily and easily made;
the required strength being obtained by bending the wire round in the link several
times.
In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings
Fig. 1 is an elevation of one link of chain or a sling constructed according to my
present invention, and showing the first process or first stage of manufacture A being
a band or compound link formed by winding a single strand of wire repeatedly round
and twisting the ends one over the other as at A¹.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the second stage or binding process which I employ when
constructing some forms of my improved chain, in which I bind the two portions or
sides of the link firmly together with fine wire as at B, leaving the ends free or open
in the form of loops A² A³, conveniently shaped for receiving the corresponding ends
of other links similarly constructed.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of another form of link which I sometimes construct by
bending the open or plain link shown in Fig. 1, so that the ends or loops for joining
are formed as at C10²; for greater security and to prevent untwisting I sometimes
bind the twisted portions C together with fine binding wire.
Fig. 4 is an illustration of two of my open links threaded together for forming a
chain, the loops A* A³ being conveniently constructed for threading one within the

page_text: other of the corresponding links, and capable of allowing the bow portion of the loop
or link to freely pass and rest within them.
Fig. 5 is an illustration of linking I sometimes adopt when using plain open links
such as D D¹.
For the purpose of protecting the bows or loop ends of my links, and affording a
bearing surface against which the links may work, I sometimes place a shield such
as E Fig. 7, within the loop ends. The shield 1 form out of a metal blank as
illustrated in Fig. 6 and I bend it up to embrace the wires, by means of its ears or
side projecting flanges E¹ E Fig. 8, the wire resting upon the portion E³ of
the loop.
I employ any kind of wire for constructing my improved links and chains, or
for making slings or holders for the purpose of lifting cases, packages, and heavy
articles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The combination and arrangement of wire links to form a chain, each link being
constructed out of a single length of wire substantially in the manner set forth and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. The construction of wire links or slings such as A Fig. 1, formed out of one
length of wire and having its loose or free ends twisted or bent within each other,
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
3. The construction of shields such as E, Figs. 6, 7 and 8 for protecting the ends of
wire links used as slings or chains, substantially as hereinbefore described.
DL
ha 1000
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.