IMPROVEMENTS IN METHODS FOR TRANSFORMING DISTRIBUTING CONTROLLING AND UTILIZING ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FORCE AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOB OR IN COMBINATION THEREWITH' to be as follows
Year: 1885

page_text: I JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton New Jersey United States of America
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METHODS FOR TRANSFORMING DISTRIBUTING CONTROLLING AND UTILIZING ELECTRIC
AND MAGNETIC FORCE AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOB OR IN
COMBINATION THEREWITH' to be as follows
"
-
In dealing with electro magnetism hitherto it has been the practice to utilize the
power of electro magnets or magnets-and to place such magnets and the coils
thereof in close proximity to the so called "magnetic field" that is the space
traversed by what are termed "lines of force"
passing between the poles of the
magnets
I find that magnetic force may be conducted and controlled by means of suitable
conductors or channels properly arranged and is subject to laws of resistance
regulation and control as is the case with electricity
My invention has for its object the dealing with the developement conduction
control and use of magnetism in a manner analagous to that which is employed in
dealing with electricity-or other forces I construct electro magnets or electro
magnetic systems so that their cores or both cores and conducting or energizing
elements may at will be coupled (as galvanic batteries or dynamic or other
generators are at present or as other electric appliances for instance lamps & are
viz) in series compound series of multiple series or parallel circuit.
I provide means in combination with such magnetic system or systems to modify
or vary the magnetic connections so as to vary or modify the internal resistance of
such system at will or automatically if desired or so as to operate independently
or collectively and I provide conducting or energizing elements in combination
with such magnetic systems connected in multiple series or parallel circuit or series
and I also provide means in combination therewith to modify or vary such
connections so as to modify or vary the internal resistance of such circuit either

page_text: for the transmission of electric force when acting as a generator or transformer
or for utilizing electric and magnetic force for motive power or other purposes.
The magnetism can thus be conducted through any length of core and may by
suitable arrangements be increased and varied in strength or potential or pressure
as desired by suitable cut offs or magnetic commutation This gives great facilities
in the use of various sources of power or energy electric currents of low force may
be employed for the production of magnetism of great force or potential or vice
versa The system of coupling the magnetic elements also gives the power of
utilizing electric currents of very high tension while magnetic or electric currents
of low force may be made use of in working circuits
I provide for conducting the magnetic force to any desired spot or locality and
am thus enabled to make use of the magnetic currents in electric machines for the
purpose of developing or increasing their power in a manner analagous to that in
which electric currents have hitherto been distributed utilized and controlled.
Moreover this system of working enables me to separate the electro magnetic
system from the working portions of machines so that an electro magnetic system
or system of electro magnets of any size may be erected while motors or other
appliances worked therefrom may be of comparatively small dimensions and
connected in parallel multiple series or series with the magnetic channels of
conduction.
The system of electro magnets or magnetic system will thus bear the same
relation to the working mechanism as the steam boilers do to the steam engine or
the gas reservoir or water reservoir to gas or hydraulic engines.
I regulate the flow and direction of magnetic currents by the employment of
resistances and cut outs and reversers compounded to any extent in a manner
analagous to their employment in dealing with electric currents or I may inter-
rupt the electric exciting current in order to demagnetise or produce a drop or
reverse in magnetic potential when required for the operation of motors or other
apparatus
I provide one or more main channels of conduction connected with the magnetic
cores of the system in series or multiple, or multiple in a series circuit and these
channels may be provided with any number of branches and subbranches connected
with the main channels in multiple series or parallel or as loops from the main
channels any or all of which can be collectively or individually controlled Such
channels extend to any suitable kind of working resistances for the utilization of
the magnetic force for instance motors regulators or magnetic force transformers
Such arrangements provide for transforming magnetic force into mechanical
force and I also provide for the transformation of magnetic into electrical force by
the employment of armatures of any suitable construction adapted to operate in
the channels of conduction extending from the magnetic system provided with
conducting elements which form part of the external circuit for the distribution of
electric power or I can distribute through the main electric circuit direct from the
armature if so desired I employ automatic electric or magnetic regulatory devices
for varying the magnetic resistance in the channels of conduction or in electric
circuit thereof or I can employ a combination of such arrangements electrically
magnetically or otherwise operative
In the operation of the magnetic cut offs and reversers I provide sliding or
rotatory pieces or otherwise compounded to any extent operating in combination
with a multiplicity of branches or as a single branch in accordance with the
arrangement and I support the magnetic movable connection or series thereof
compounded or not upon any suitable nonmagnetic support mounted upon an axle
or in guides the magnetic channels terminating thereon or thereat so that the
movable portion when in position will close the magnetic channel by contact or
close proximity The magnetic cut off may be adapted also to provide for varying
the magnetic resistance in such channels at the will of an operator or if desired
automatically by such cut off being combined with a solenoid or motor armature
or otherwise.

page_text: The magnetic cut offs or reversers for the operation of electric motors or other
appliances can be compounded and be adapted to operate in combination with a
series of magnetic channels or branches extending to the inductive poles or portions
of the machine or either as the poles of the magnetic system fixed or as movable
inductive elements acting as the armature or armatures The fixed position can
be arranged to constitute the opposite inductive poles of the magnetic systems or
a series of armatures and inductive poles can be connected through the medium
of branches upon which the cut offs are arranged to operate with or without the
employment of a single or compound magnetic resistance
In order to provide for constructing in operating or magnetic system or apparatus
under conditions as herein provided it is desirable to employ magnetic cores of
considerable length and to bring such into a small compass
This is practicable by the employment of round square or rectangular bars or
cut disc or rings or the equivalent thereof so as to form a zig zag magnetic core
the individual parts being bolted or clamped together magnetically at alternate
ends until the desired length of core is obtained or I can employ cut rings so as to
form a continuous coil or can employ a flexible magnetic core of wire for instance
a wire rope any number of such structures can be combined in series or in
multiple and by movable or adjustable magnetic cut offs the connections can be
changed as described.
I preferably employ toothed or cogged armatures adapted to operate in combi-
nation with toothed or projecting inductive poles connected with the magnetic
system through the medium of the channels of conduction-the teeth or projections
or undulating parts can be mounted or formed upon magnetic rings or bands or
conducting channels or as segments or bars or cut rings in multiple or as a coil or
otherwise and the fixed or cooperating portions can have a similar construction
with teeth projection towards the teeth of the armatures these portions can both
be energized or not directly from the magnetic system or form independent or
cooperative systems of electro magnets.
I provide for varying the magnetic resistance in the channels branches or sub-
branches in accordance with the units of magnetic energy desired therein and in
accordance with the magnetic pressure employed in the transmitting channels of
conduction and I vary the magnetic pressure automatically or at the will of an
operator with or without varying the electrical resistance in accordance with the
speed of a shaft or the variations in the work imposed thereon and I also providé
for varying the magnetic resistance or the magnetic pressure or both in accordance
with variation of resistance in an electrical circuit or extending to or from the
magnetic system or electrical system or both to and from such method of operating
is applicable to telephonic telegraphic and all electric systems or apparatus
My improvements are applicable in the construction and working of electric
force transformers, electro magnetic brakes, electro magnetic regulators electrical
motors and generators and can be applied in combination with a system of electrical
circuits for the distribution of electric power for lighting heating motive power
or traction purposes or in the equipment of vessels vehicles or trains for the
conveyance of passengers or freight.
Also for stamping dieing punching compressing drilling clutching or holding
mechanism in fact for general uses where power is required.

page_text: therewith.
I JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton New Jersey United States of America
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METHODS FOR TRANSFORMING DISTRIBUTING CONTROLLING AND UTILIZING ELECTRIC
AND MAGNETIC FORCE AND IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR OR IN
">
COMBINATION THEREWITH and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
-
In dealing with electro-magnetism hitherto it has been the practice to utilize
power of electro-magnets or magnets and place such magnets and the coils thereof
in close proximity to the so called magnetic field, that is, the space traversed by
what are termed "lines of force" passing between the poles of the magnets.
The magnetic force may be conducted and controlled by means of suitable
conductors or channels properly arranged, and is subject to modes of resistance
regulation and control as 18 the case with electricity or other forces.
(a) My invention has for its object the dealing with the development, conduction
control and use of magnetism in a manner analagous to that which 18 employed in
dealing with electricity or other forces.
I construct electro-magnets or electro magnetic systems so that their cores or
both cores and conducting or energizing elements may at will be coupled (as
galvanic batteries or dynamic or other generators are at present, or as other electric
appliances, for instance lamps &c.) in series, compound series or multiple series
circuit I provide means in combination with such magnetic system or systems
to modify or vary the magnetic connections so as to vary or modify the internal
resistance of such system at will or automatically if desired or so as to operate
independently or collectively and I provide conducting or energizing elements in
combination with such magnetic systems connected in multiple series or parallel
circuit or series and I also provide means in combination therewith to modify or
vary such connections so as to modify or vary the internal resistance of such
circuits either for the transmission of electric force when acting as a generator or
transformer or for utilizing electric and magnetic force for motive power or other
purposes The magnetism can under such arrangements be conducted through
considerable lengths of core and may by suitable arrangements be increased and
varied in strength or potential or pressure as desired by suitable cut offs or
magnetic commutation. Electric currents of low force may be employed for the
production of magnetism of great force or potential or vice versa, the system of
coupling the magnetic elements provides for modifying or varying the magnetic
force Under these arrangements electric currents of very high tension can be
employed while magnetic or electric currents of low force may be made use of in
working and transforming circuits or portions of the apparatus.

page_text: (b) Under such construction and arrangements I provide for conducting the
magnetic force to any desired spot or locality through the arms or extensions from
the magnetic systems and I provide inductive teeth or poles in multiple at the end
of the arms or extensions and therethrough make use of the magnetic currents in
electric machines through the medium of armatures provided with cooperating
teeth or otherwise, the magnetic force being utilized and distributed through the
channels of conduction and the inductive teeth or poles and controlled electrically
or magnetically or both as herein described. Moreover this system of working
enables me to separate the electro magnetic system from the working portions of
machines so that an electro-magnetic system or system of electro-magnets of any
Bize may be erected and the motors or other appliances can be provided with
inductive teeth or poles for attachment to the magnetic system, simple or com-
pounded, and be of comparatively small dimensions
The inductive poles or teeth and working portions of the machine can be con-
nected in parallel multiple series or series, that is to say, the poles simple or
compounded can be provided with a multiplicity of teeth, poles or working parts
connected with the cores of the magnetic system by magnetic links or couplings so
as to be in series or multiple or multiple series and adapted to operate in con-
Junction with armatures provided with teeth poles or working parts arranged in
accordance therewith
The system of electro-magnets or magnetic system will thus bear the same
relation to the working mechanism as the steam boilers do to the steam engines or
the gas reservoirs or water reservoirs, to gas or hydraulic engines and the con-
necting links form the channels of conduction to the teeth or poles of the machines
or apparatus
The flow and direction of magnetic currents can be reguled by the employment
of resistances and cut offs and reversers compounded to any extent in a manner
analagous to their employment in dealing with electric currents and independently
thereof or in combination therewith I in some cases employ electric cut offs or
commutators or reversers combined with or operated upon by the moving portions
of the machine so as to interrupt the electric exciting current or to demagnetise or
produce a drop or reverse in magnetic potential when required for the operation of
motors or other apparatus
I provide one or more main channels of conduction connected with the magnetic
cores of the system in series or multiple, or multiple or multiple series circuit and
these channels may be provided with any number of branches and sub branches
connected with the main channels or cores in multiple series or as loops from the
main channels any or all of which can be collectively or individually controlled
electrically or magnetically or both
Such channels extend to any suitable kind of working resistances for the
utilization of the magnetic force, for instance motors, regulators, or magnetic force
tiansformers the cutoffs, commutators or reversers being adapted to operate in
combination therewith dependent upon their special construction
(c) Such arrangements provide for transforming magnetic force into mechanical
force and I also provide for the transformation of magnetic into electrical force by
the employment of armatures of any suitable construction adapted to operate in
the channels of conduction provided with inductive teeth or poles extending from
the magnetic system such system being provided with conducting elements which
form part of the external circuit for the distribution or utilization of electric power
or I can distribute or utilize through the main electric circuit direct from the
armature if so desired I employ automatic electric or magnetic regulating devices
or both for varying the magnetic resistance or magnetic force in the channels of
conduction or in the energizing electric circuit thereof or I can employ a com-
bination of such arrangements electrically, magnetically or otherwise operative
(d) In electrical machines or apparatus where I employ magnetic cutoffs I
provide sliding or rotary pieces or otherwise simple or compounded to any extent
Operating in combination with a multiplicity of branches or as a simple branch in

page_text: accordance with the arrangement and I support the magnetic movable connection
or series thereof compounded or not upon any suitable nonmagnetic support
mounted upon an axle or in guides, the magnetic channels terminating in teeth
or poles thereon or thereat so that the movable portion when in position will close
the teeth or poles of the magnetic channels by contact or close proximity
The magnetic cut off may be adapted also to provide for varying the magnetic
resistance in such channels at the will of an operator or if desired automatically by
such cut off being combined with a solenoid or motor automatically or otherwise
operative,
The magnetic cut offs or reversers for the operation of electric motors or other
appliances can be compounded and adapted to operate in combination with a series
of magnetic channels or branches extending to the inductive teeth, poles or portions
of the machine either as the poles of the magnetic system fixed or as movable
inductive elements acting as the armature or armatures The fixed portions can
be arranged to constitute the opposite inductive poles of the magnetic system or a
series of armatures and inductive poles can be connected through the medium of
branches upon which the cut offs are arranged to operate with or without the
employment of a single or compound magnetic resistance
(e) In order to provide for constructing an operating or magnetic system or
apparatus under conditions as herein provided it is in some cases desirable to
employ magnetic cores of considerable length and to bring such into a small
compass
This is practicable by the employment of round, square or rectangular bars or
cut discs or rings or the equivalent thereof so as to form a coil or a zigzag inagnetic
core the individual parts being bolted or clamped together magnetically at alternate
ends until the desired length of core is obtained or I can employ cut rings so as to
form a continuous core or I can employ a flexible magnetic core of wire, for
instance a wire rope any number of such structures can be combined in series or
in multiple series and by movable or adjustable magnetic cutoffs the connections
can be changed as described
In combination with such arrangements as herein described I prefer to employ
toothed or cogged armatures adapted to operate in combination with toothed or
projecting inductive poles connected with the magnetic system through the medium
of the channels of conduction, the teeth or projections or undulating parts can be
mounted or formed upon magnetic rings or bands or conducting channels or as
segments or bars or cut rings in multiple or as a coil for an energizing element and
the fixed or cooperating portions can have a similar construction with teeth pro-
Jecting towards the teeth of the armatures
These portions can both be energized or not directly from the magnetic system
or from independent or cooperating systems of electro magnets
I provide for varying the magnetic resistance in the channels, branches or
subbranches in accordance with the unit of magnetic energy desired therein and
in accordance with the magnetic pressure employed in the transmitting channels
of conduction and I vary the magnetic pressure automatically or at the will of an
operator with or without varying the electrical resistance in accordance the speed
of a shaft or the variation in the work imposed thereon
And I also provide for varying the magnetic resistance or the magnetic pressure
or both in accordance with variation of resistance in an electrical circuit extending
to or from the magnetic system or electrical system or both through the medium
of any suitable resistance combined with an electric or electro magnetic arrange-
ment controlled in its operation by the magnetic or electric force of the systems
Such method is applicable to telephonic telegraphic and all electric systems or
apparatus.
(f) My improvements are applicable in the construction and working of electric
force transformers, electro-magnetic brakes, electro-magnetic regulators, electrical
motors and generatora and can be applied in combination with a system of
electrical circuits for the distribution of electric power for lighting, heating,

page_text: motive power or traction purposes or in the equipment of vessels vehicles or trains
for the conveyance of passengers or freight. Also for stamping, dieing, punching,
compressing, drilling, clutching or holding mechanism in fact for general uses
where power is required.
Having thus described the nature of my said invention and the manner of
performing the same I would have it clearly understood that I claim as my
improvements the following
First The combination or application of the improvements in electrical machines
or apparatus substantially as described in the respective paragraphs hereof or any
combination of them.