IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Blezard of Padiham and William Nelson of
Darwen both in the county of Lancaster for an Invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Blezard and William
Nelson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September
1882.
THOMAS BLEZARD of Padiham and WILLIAM NELSON of Darwen both in the
County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY
This Invention relates
22
Firstly. To a new arrangement of the tappits and levers for operating the healds
when weaving twills. For this purpose instead of mounting the tappits on the
low shaft as usual we mount them on a short shaft carried in a bracket fixed to a
cross rail at right angles to the low shaft. The tappit shaft is operated by bevil
gearing from the low shaft and the levers lay lengthwise of the loom instead of
from back to front as heretofore.
By this arrangement we obtain the same results with a great saving of
mechanism and are enabled to effect changes in the tappit with much less
trouble.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to a new arrangement of break which is
applicable also to other machinery as well as to looms. The break wheel is
grooved and the strap consists of a metal rod curved to the radius of the wheel
and fitting into the groove on the upper half of the wheel. The loose end of the
rod is attached to a horizontal lever which is connected by a rod to a bell crank
lever hinged inside the breast beam so as to come under the operation of the
knocking off lever. When the loom stops the knocking off lever allows the
break strap to fall into the groove in the wheel and the weight thereof is
exerted in opposition to the tension of the driving belt thus affording a great
[Price 6d1

page_text: advantage over breaks in which the pressure is applied on the underside of the
pulley.
Thirdly. Our invention relates to an arrangement of mechanism for preventing
cracks or thin places which are apt to occur in woven fabrics whenever the loom
stops for want of weft.
In this arrangement we employ the ordinary setting up and holding catches but
connect the same together so that both may be raised clear of the setting up
wheel by the action of the weft fork lever and the usual levers in connexion
therewith.
In addition to the two catches named we employ a third which is mounted on a
stud the stud passing through a slot in the catch lever. The size of this slot may
be enlarged or reduced at pleasure by means of a thumb screw. When the loom
stops the two ordinary catches are lifted out of gear and the extra catch holds the
wheel but at the same time it allows the wheel to turn back one or more teeth as
may be required and thus the tension on the cloth is relieved and thin places or
cracks are prevented.
Fourthly. The Invention relates to apparatus for indicating the length woven and
is particularly adapted for looms when weaving towels handkerchiefs or other
articles requiring to be of a particular length.
The measuring apparatus consists of an arrangement of worm and wheel gearing
driven from the taking up mechanism. In connexion with this gearing is an
escapement motion which operates a sliding rod and releases a finger which falls
on to the weft fork and stops the loom at the required time. In order to prevent
any disarrangement of the measuring apparatus when the taking up wheels aro
disconnected for the purpose of removing a piece a crank pin is fixed on the end
of the shaft which carries the carrier wheel and when this wheel is slided out of
gear with the taking up wheel the pin enters between the arms of the carrier wheel
and prevents it from turning round upon the shaft
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Blezard and William Nelson in the Great Sea! Patent Office
on the 12th March 1883.
THOMAS BLEZARD of Padiham, and WILLIAM NELSON of Darwen in the County
of Lancaster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PART OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY.
This Invention relates,
,,
Firstly. To a new arrangement of the tappits and levers for operating the healds
when weaving twills. Instead of mounting the tappits on the low shaft as usual
we mount them on a short shaft carried in a bracket fixed to a cross rail at right
angles to the low shaft. The said short shaft is operated by bevil gearing from
the low shaft and the levers lay lengthwise of the loom instead of from back to
front as heretofore.

page_text: This arrangement will be readily understood on referring to the accompanying
drawings Fig 1 and 2 of which represent front elevation and plan view of the
parts hereinafter referred to. A is the ordinary low shaft carrying the picking
tappits B and also a bevil wheel C which gears with a bevil wheel D on the end of
the short shaft E. The short shaft is carried by brackets or arms F supported by
a cross rail G. The treading tappets H are mounted on the short shaft E and the
levers J are mounted on the fulcrum rod K carried by the brackets F. By this
arrangement we obtain the same results with a saving of mechanism and are
enabled to effect changes in the tappits with much less trouble.
Secondly. Our Invention relates to a new arrangement of break which is
applicable to other machinery as well as to looms. The break wheel is grooved
and the strap consists of a metal rod curved to the radius of the wheel and fitting
into the groove on the upper half of the wheel. The loose end of the rod is attached
to a horizontal lever which is connected by a rod to a bell crank lever hinged
inside the breast beam so as to come under the operation of the strap guide or
knocking-off lever. In order to insure the loom coming to a standstill in the same
position every time, we fix a plate on the end of the low shaft and form a notch or
recess in the edge thereof. Above this plate is a lever provided with a projection
which when the loom is stopping falls into the notch of the plate and checks it at
once.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Fig 3 and 4 which are end elevation
and detail. A' is the break wheel and B' is the metal rod which is hinged at a and
attached at b to the weighted lever C¹ which is connected by rod c to the bell crank
lever D¹. On the end of the low shaft is mounted a disc or plate E' having a notch
in the edge thereof corresponding with the projection e on the lever F¹. When the
loom is in motion the levers C and F' and metal rod B₁ are raised by the action of
the strap guide lever G¹ on the crank lever D' but when the loom knocks off, the
break strap falls into the groove in the wheel and the projection on the lever F¹
rides upon the circumference of the disc E¹ until it falls into the notch therein and
thereby checks the rotation and brings the loom to a stop. It will be noticed that
the whole of the weight put upon the break wheel is exerted in opposition to the
tension of the driving belt thereby acting to much greater advantage than if
applied on the underside of the pulley
In
Thirdly. Our Invention relates to mechanism for the prevention of cracks or
thin places which are apt to occur in the fabric whenever the weft breaks. For
this purpose we employ the ordinary setting up and holding catches but connect
the same together so that both may be raised clear of the setting up wheel by the
action of the weft fork lever and the usual levers in connection therewith.
addition to the two catches named we employ a third which is carried by a lever
mounted upon a stud or sliding block which passes through a slot in the said lever.
The size of the slot may be increased or diminished at pleasure by means of a
thumb screw.
When the loom stops the two ordinary catches are lifted auto-
matically out of gear and the extra catch holds the setting up wheel after it has
turned back one or more teeth according to the length of the slot in the lever.
The tension on the warp is thereby reduced and thin places or cracks are
prevented.
This part of our Invention is illustrated in Fig 5 of the accompanying Drawings
which represents partial end elevation of the loom and setting up mechanism.
A2 is the rack or setting up wheel which is operated by the catch B² and retained
by the catch C². The catches are connected by the arm D2 and can be lifted out of
gear with the wheel when the loom stops by means of the arm E³ on the end of the
stop rod F. On the upper end of the inclined bar G2 is a catch and in the lower
end is formed a slot through which passes the stud a serving as a support or
fulcrum. H is a thumb screw by means of which the length or open space of the
slot may be increased or diminished. So long as the loom is in motion the catch
on the bar G2 is inactive and rests upon the wheel A² but when the loom stops and
the catches B and C are raised out of gear the tension on the cloth causes the

page_text: wheel to turn backwards until it is arrested by the catch on the bar G2. which will
occur as soon as the wheel has moved one or more teeth according to the play
allowed by the slot in the catch lever. In Fig. 5 and 6 we have illustrated the
Fourth part of our Invention which relates to apparatus for indicating the length
of the piece woven, and is particularly adapted for looms employed for weaving
towels, handkerchiefs or other articles requiring to be of a definite length. The
apparatus consists of a toothed wheel J which receives motion from the carrier
wheel K and communicates it by means of bevil wheels L to the worm M which
imparts slow rotary motion to the worm wheel N and to the plate or disc P which
is mounted on the same shaft. R is a rod supported by a small bracket S and
provided at the top with a finger T. On the face of the disc P are one, two, or
more pins p inserted at such a distance apart that as soon as the required length
has been woven one of the pins shall detach the rod R from its support S where-
upon the spring s will draw the rod forcibly downwards causing the finger T to
press upon the hooked end of the weft fork and thereby stop the loom When the
measuring apparatus is not required the worm M can be taken out of gear with
the wheel N and retained in that position by being secured to the slotted
bracket U.
In order to prevent any disarrangement of the measuring apparatus when the
taking up wheels are disconnected for the purpose of removing a piece a crank pin
is fixed on the end of the shaft W which carries the carrier wheel K and when
this wheel is slided out of gear with the setting up wheels the crank pin enters
between the arms of the carrier wheel and prevents it from turning round upon
the shaft.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be, or may be performed or carried into practice, we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details of construction or
arrangement herein shewn as the same may be varied but what we claim as our
Invention and consider to be new is-Firstly. The employment of the separate
shaft E for carrying the treading tappits as shewn in Figs 1 and 2 of the
accompanying drawings.
Secondly. The improved construction of apparatus for effecting the stoppage of
the loom as shewn in Figs 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings. Thirdly-The
combination of parts shewn in Fig 5 and marked B, C, D, E, F, and G³,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described. Fourthly-The employment
of apparatus for stopping the loom at definite periods as shewn in Fig. 5 and 6
and described in the fourth part of the foregoing Specification
In witness whereof we the said Thomas Blezard and William Nelson have
hereunto set our hands and seals this Eighth day of March in the year of
our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and eighty three
THOMAS BLEZARD (L.S.)
WILLIAM NELSON (1.s.)