NEWLY-INVENTED PORT- ABLE APPARATUS FOR BREWING BEER AND ALE FROM MALT AND HOPS
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NEEDHAM, of Islington Green, in the Parish of Saint Mary, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Corn Dealer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of
September, in the fifty-first year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said James Needham, my exors, admors, and assigns, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said James Needham, my
exors, adiñiors, and assigns, during the terin of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my NEWLY-INVENTED PORT-
ABLE APPARATUS FOR BREWING BEER AND ALE FROM MALT AND HOPS;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said James
Needham, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said recited Letters Patent: And whereas I, the said James Needham,
did, in compliance with the said proviso, by writing under my hand and seal,
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery on the Twenty-second day of November, One thousand
eight hundred and eleven, as in and by the said Letters Patent and Specifi-

page_text: cation, reference being thereunto respectively had, will more fully and at large
appear: And whereas His said Majesty did, by other His Letters Patent,
bearing date at Westminster, the Ninth day of June, in the fifty-second year
of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said James Needham, my exors,
adors, and assigns, His further especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said James Needham, my exors, admors, and
assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN ADDITIONS TO AND IMPROVE-
MENTS ON MY PATENT PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR BREWING BEER FROM MALT AND
HOPS, WHEREBY THE SAME CAN BE APPLIED TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which
said Letters Patent there is also contained a proviso that if I, the said James
Needham, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's said High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, that then the
said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby
granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the
same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Needham, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same are to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the references thereto,
and following description, that is to say:-
A, an iron frame supported by iron legs, containing in the centre a fire-
place, a door in front for supplying the fire, and opposite a neck projecting,
on which is placed a funnel to convey the smoke where convenient; above the
fire place is a connected iron rim with two handles on the outside for remov-
ing it; this rim has a horizontal rim fixed close to the circumference a little
below the top on the inside, for the boiler to rest upon. B, an iron cylindrical
boiler tinned within its bottom, a little convex within and concave without,
with a discharging cock near the bottom, and two handles for taking it off the
iron frame. The contents of the boiler when filled within about two inches of
the top is about fourteen gallons, beer measure, to every bushel of malt
contained in the cylinder D without the hops or hop plate E, but with the
hops and hop plate about eighteen gallons to every bushel of malt contained
in the cylinder above the hop plate. D, an iron cylinder to be placed within
the boiler B of the same depth, but one inch and half less diameter, more

page_text: In
or less, the bottom of the cylinder a little convex within and concave without,
and to stand about two inches, more or less, from the bottom of the boiler.
There are two handles at the top for lifting it in and out of the boiler.
the centre of this cylinder is fixed a smaller cylinder (without a bottom)
ranging with the top and about three tenths of the diameter of the large one,
the whole tin'd throughout and perforated with holes (so that the water may
readily pass through, but that the broken grain may not pass) about three
sixteenths of an inch in diameter, and about three fourths of an inch apart.
E, circular plate tinned and perforated same as the cylinder D, and of nearly
the same diameter, that it may just pass within it, with a circular hole in
the middle to pass the centre cylinder, and two haulles or falling rings to hold
it. This plate is to go within the cylinder D, and rest on two horizontal
rims, which are fastened to the inner and outer cylinder at a distance from the
bottom of about one fourth of the depth of the cylinder. C, a cover for
boiler, tin'd within, a little concave within and convex without, with a vertical
rim shutting inside the boiler, and a handle on the outside for taking it off.
F, F, iron coolers, tin'd within, with a plug-hole to let out the liquor, one
cooler made to rest within the other for the convenience of taking less room.
when not in use; each cooler has two handles for easy moving it, and the
depth about seven inches. G, the machine, put together ready for use, the
cover raised to shew the inside. This machine may be varied in its form, and
made of any materials suited to the purpose and capable of containing liquid
and bearing the fire.
alt.
The fire being lighted
about four hours, and kept
The method of brewing beer or ale with this apparatus is,-the hops are first
put in the cylinder D (not in the centre), the average one pound to every
bushel of malt; the circular plate E is then put over the hops, resting on the
horizontal rims within; the ground or broken malt is then put in the cylin-
der D (not in the centre) upon the plate E; cold water is then poured
through the centre cylinder until it just covers the
an increasing heat is applied that it may boil in
boiling one hour, then drawn off into the cooler. If more worts are wanted,
cold water is supplied; as before, and brought up to boiling. heat as soon as
convenient, and kept boiling one hour, and then drawn off into the cooler, the
ire put out, and the grains, hops, and cylinder taken out of the boiler, when
he worts are cooled to sixty degrees by Fahrenheit's scale or thermometer.
They are returned into the boiler to ferment with the proportion of half a pint
f fresh thick yeast to every thirty-six gallons. The cover is kept close on the
oiler, and when the fermentation has continued till the head or yeast is
early all precipitated, it is drawn off into casks without the bottoms and bung'd

page_text: down immediately. If very strong beer is wanted to be made, the cylinder D
(not the centre) is filled with ground malt without the hops and plate E, and
When the worts are
extracted in the same manner as before described.
drawn off they should not be cooled but kept warm in a receiver; and when
the malt is extracted, the wort drawn off, and the grains taken out, the hops
are to be put in the cylinder D (not in the centre), the wort or worts to be
put to them, the cover put on, and boiled not less than one hour, then drawn
off, cooled, and fermented, as before described. This apparatus is also appli-
cable to the purpose of extracting the virtue of grain for vinegar and distillers'
wash, the process of which is the same as above described, omitting the hops.
It is also applicable for extracting the essence of herbs, fruits, and all vege-
tables and animal substances; and by the addition of other apparatus,
described in the Drawings, may be applied as a still. The boiler B forms the
alembic, which is to be placed on the fireplace A. The cylinder D (without
the circular plate E) is to be placed within the boiler to hold whatever solid
materials are used. The additional head I is in form like a cone, from the
vertex of which rises a tube to conduct the vapor into the condensor L
This head is to be placed just within the top edge of the boiler; the head
may be fastened to the boiler by loops and eyes, or otherwise, to make it
secure. K is a refringerator, in the shape of an inverted cone, open at the
base, having a hole in the vertex, within which is a condensor L, also in the
shape of an inverted cone, with a less base and closed, and not rising so high
as the open base of the refringerator. The condensor and refringerator are
fastened together at their vertices, and is placed over the tube of the still head,
which it is made to fit, resting on the shoulder on the outside of the tube,
which may be luted, if necessary. To this double inverted cone are affixed
two cocks near the bottom opposite to each other, the one passing through to
the condensor to draw off the spirit, the other fixed to the refringerato
to draw off the water by the cylinder, which contains the materials just
covered with water or spirits, not touching the sides or bottom of the boiler
They are effectually prevented from scorching, which often imparts an impure
taste to the spirit; and the fire, being applied only to the bottom of the boiler
may easily be kept to any degree of heat necessary to raise that regular vapo
upon which the purity of the spirit greatly depends.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Needham, have hereunto set m
hand and seal, this Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lor
One thousand eight hundred and twelve.
JAMES NEEDHAM. (L.s.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1812, the aforesaid James Needham came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written
And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord Ond
Inrolled the Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord Ond
thousand eight hundred and twelve.