IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS AND IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF LOOMS EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE to be as follows:
Year: 1884

page_text: We, EDWARD CROSSLEY, of Dean Clough Mills, Halifax, in the county of York,
Carpet Manufacturer, and HENRY NORMAN MELLOR, also of Halifax aforesaid,
Manager do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS AND IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF LOOMS EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE to be as follows:
"
"J
This invention relates to improvements in the method of weaving carpets and
other fabrics where a large number of selecting needles in the Jacquard machine
is necessary and in the construction of looms employed for the purpose.
In the manufacture of Brussels carpets and some other fabrics the jacquard
machines usually employed are considerably wider than the width of cloth they
weave. This difference between the width of the jacquard machines and the width
of the cloth woven causes some of the harness-bands to be considerably out of the
vertical line and the wider the looms the further from the vertical line the harness
bands become and the further the harness bands are from the vertical line the less
satisfactorily do they work, as they do not pass so easily through the holes of the
boards and they require heavier weights to draw them to their places.
The more vertical of the harness bands are shorter than those less vertical and
do not therefore stretch as much and this difference has a tendency to cause an
uneven shed or lift of the warps.
In order to obviate these disadvantages instead of using only one cylinder
carrying cards situated towards the front of the jacquard machine acting upon one
set of selecting needles as is customary in ordinary jacquard machines we construct
a double arrangement of jacquard machine having two cylinders, each carrying
cards, one cylinder situated towards the front of the jacquard machine, and one
towards the back part of the jacquard machine.
The cards carried by the different cylinders act upon different sets of selecting
needles and the cylinders are so arranged and operated as to cause the cards they
carry to act simultaneously upon their respective sets of selecting needles to form
one shed or lift of the warps.
One portion of the harness bands is drawn from the comberboard to the front
part of the jacquard machine and the other portion to the back part of the jacquard

page_text: By this arrangement the whole of the harness bands is kept nearly vertical and
also almost equal in length, and the width of the jacquard machine is only about
the same width as that of the cloth woven.
By the use as above 'described of two sets of needles acted upon simultaneously
by the cards carried by two cylinders, the sets of needles being placed one behind
the other from the front of the loom, the width of the jacquard machine is reduced
to about one half the width of jacquard machines constructed on the ordinary
principle and the arrangement also enables the harness bands to be kept very
nearly vertical and all of about the same length.
Although we have described as a suitable arrangement each part of our double
jacquard apparatus as having only one cylinder (and one top board, guide board,
lift board, push plate &c. &c.) it will be obvious that the front part of the jacquard
machine may be divided into two or more parts so as to embrace two or more
cylinders, two or more lift boards, two or more push plates, &c. &c. and the back
part of the jacquard machine may be similarly divided, but every one of these
parts must act simultaneously with the corresponding parts in other portions of the
jacquard machine.

page_text: urpose.
We EDWARD CROSSLEY of Dean Clough Mills, Halifax, in the County of York,
Carpet manufacturer and HENRY NORMAN MELLOR also of Halifax aforesaid,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for." IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF LOONS EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSE" and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the method of weaving carpets and
other fabrics where a large number of selecting needles in the jacquard machine
are necessary and in the construction of looms employed for the purpose.
In the manufacture of Brussels carpets and some other fabrics the jacquard
machines usually employed are considerably wider than the width of cloth they
weave. This difference between the width of the jacquard machines and the width
of the cloth woven causes some of the harness bands to be considerably out of the
vertical line, and the wider the looms the further from the vertical line the harness
bands become, and the further the harness bands are from the vertical line the less
satisfactorily do they work, as they do not pass so easily through the holes of the
boards, and they require heavier weights to draw them to their places..
The more vertical of the harness bands are shorter than those less vertical and
do not therefore stretch as much," and this difference has a tendency to cause an
uneven shed or lift of the warps.
In order to obviate these disadvantages instead of using only one cylinder
carrying cards situated towards the front of the jacquard machine acting upon one
set of selecting needles as is customary in ordinary jacquard machines, we construct
a double arrangement of jacquard machine having two cylinders each carrying
cards, one cylinder situated towards the front of the jacquard machine, and one
towards the back part of the jacquard machine.
The cards carried by the different cylinders act upon different sets of selecting.
needles and the cylinders are so arranged and operated as to cause the cards they
carry to act simultaneously upon their respective sets of selecting needles to form
one shed or lift of the warps.
One portion of the harness bands is drawn from the comber board to the front
part of the jacquard machine and the other portion to the back part of the jacquard
machine.
By this arrangement the whole of the harness bands is kept nearly vertical and
also almost equal in length and the width of the jacquard machine is only about
the same width as that of the cloth woven.
By the use as above described of two sets of needles acted upon simultaneously
by the cards carried by two cylinders, the sets of needles being placed one behind
the other from the front of the loom, the width of the jacquard machine is reduced
to about one half of the width of jacquard machines constructed on the ordinary.

page_text: principle, and the arrangement also enables the harness bands to, be kept very
nearly vertical and all of about the same length.
Although we have described as a suitable arrangement each part of our double
jacquard apparatus as having only one cylinder (and one top board, guide board,
lift board, push plate & &) it will be obvious that the front part of the jacquard
machine may be divided into two or more parts so as to embrace two or more
cylinders, two or more lift boards, two or more guide boards, two or more push
plates && and the back part of the jacquard machine may be similarly divided
but every one of these parts must act simultaneously with the corresponding parts
in other portions of the jacquard machine.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we will now proceed to
describe an arrangement which we find advantageous for carrying it into effect by
reference to the accompanying drawings in which figure 1, is a,side view of a
jacquard machine constructed according to our invention and arranged for the
manufacture of Brussels and velvet carpets; figure 2 is a front view of the machine
showing the direction of the harness bands;-figure 3 is a side view with the
outside framing removed and showing various parts of the machino in section and
the arrangement of the needles and harness banda; figuro 4 shows a front and side
view of the end of a trap-or lift board on a large scale; figure 5 is a side view
showing suitable arrangements for turning over the cylinders; figure 6 is a plan
showing upon a large scale the selecting needles and the manner in which the trap
and lift boards are bored for the front and back part of the jacquard machine;
figure 7, shows the cylinder slide, the push plate slide and the slide for steadying
the cylinder in plan-and-the-slide-for-steadying_the_cylinder and the slide for
carrying the push plate in elevation; figure-8-is-a view of a suitable comb for
assisting the stampers.
Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.
In the drawings a, is a connecting rod by which the motion derived from a lever
actuated by a cam suitably driven by one of the shafts of the loom is transmitted
to the jacquard machine; a¹ is a swivel to adjust the position of the-lover.a.and
its dependent parts. Tho said lever. a² is connected to the swivel a¹ by a stud a?
and is keyed on and imparts motion to the shaft a³. A bell crank lever a³ is also
keyed on the shaft a³-and-is-so-arranged that a balance weight can be attached to
the stud a: A regulating swivel b is attached to the lever as by the stud a which
connects it with the rod b¹ which is attached to the rod b and the lever b' by a
stud 65. A regulating swivel bª connects the rod 6 with the lever 68 by means of
the stud b. The lever b is keyed on a shaft 610, upon which the lifting levers c²
are also keyed. The levers cand c are connected with the levers c³ by studs c³
and co and with the fixing c by the studs c¹¹ and c¹; d¹ is a lift or trap board
secured to the fixing c. The bell crank lever b' is keyed on the shaft 6º upon
which the lifting levers c¹ are also keyed. The levers and c are connected with
the lever c' by studs c¹s and c and with the fixing c², by the studs c¹, and c".
A lift or trapboard d² is secured to the fixing c. At each end of the lift or trap
boards and dis a bracket d' (shown on an enlarged scale in figure 4) carrying
a pulley d¹º; such pulleys work in grooved guides d³ and d' and cause the centres
of the boards d' and d to move in a vertical line. when lifted. The trap or lift
boards are strengthened by metal strips d"; when the rod a is lifted by the cam
and lever on the loom the various levers described and their connections cause the
shafts 60 and 610 to partially rotate, carrying with thom the levers c¹ and c² thereby
causing the lift or trap boards d' d to be raised and to carry with them the bands
of the harness selected by the cards, thus forming a shed of the warps. It will be
seen by the connections that both trap or lift boards are lifted simultaneously and
the levers in the front part of the jacquard machine being similar to those in the
back part of the jacquard machine the traverse of the trap or lift boards in both
parts of the jacquard machine will be the same.
One end of the cranked lever b is attached by the stud e¹ to the regulating
swivel c² and the slotted rod c³. In the slot of the rod e³, the stud eʻ, works and is

page_text: secured to the cross headed lever . Tho lever e³ works on the stud e, secured to
the framing y of the machine and supported by the bracket e. At the end of the
lever e a weight is socurod by means of the stud 6. The studs h¹ and h³ connect
the rods h³ and h* with the regulating swivels h and he which are connected with
the levers h' and hs by the studs h³ and h. The levers h' and h³ are keyed on the
shafts and ; upon the same shafts the forked levers and are keyod. In
the forked ends of these levers are inserted the shafts k' and ' of the card
cylinders and k. The shafts k¹ and k³ of the cylinders k³ and are supported
by the slides and . When the lift or trap boards d' and dare lifted by the
partial rotation of the shafts 60 and 610 the slotted rode is lifted by the cranked
lever b'; when the bottom of the slot comes in contact with the stud e, it carries
it forward causing the lever e to partially revolve on the stud e. This motion by
means of the connections already described is imparted to the shafts h" and hi
and to the forked levers and which carry the cylinders k³ and * simultaneously
with them away from the face plates p' and p¹ which are shewn in section in
figure 3. When the lift or trap boards fall, the weight secured at the end of the
lever & by the stud es brings the cylinders back to the face plates. Upon the
shafts and are keyed the plates or discs m³ and me shown in figure 5 in which
are secured the projecting pegs m7 and m³. As the shafts k' and k² carrying the
cylinders and discs travel from the face plates the pegs or pins m' and m³ are
caught by the catches m¹ and m³ carried by the studs m³ and m10 secured to the
framing of the machine and the shafts k³ and k are caused to make th of a
revolution thus bringing the cards. carried by new faces of the card cylinders
and to bear upon the needles. The catches m¹ and m³ are connected with the
catches m³ and m' by the links m" and m; and to the arms m¹s and ml of the
catches m³ and mare attached the cords m¹³ and m¹ which are joined at
the handle m¹. When the handle is drawn down the catches m³ and m' are
brought up to the pegs m' and m³ and the catches m² and m² are thrown out of
gear so that the direction in which the discs and cylinders are turned is reversed.
The lever is secured to the cross head lever c so that the cylinders can bo
turned by hand by means of a cord attached to it at e¹o the slot in the rod e³
allowing the stud e to work freely up and down for this purpose.
When the cards carried by the card cylinders and are brought towards the
face plates p¹ and p² shown in section in figure 3, the selecting needles opposite
the blanks in the cards are carried forward by the cards until the knots on those
of the harness bands 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8 selected are over the smaller of the double
holes shown in the lift or trap boards in figure 6. When the lift or trap boards d'
and d are raised, the knots are not able to pass through the smaller holes and the
harness bands are raised, lifting the required ends of warp to form a shed. When
at rest the knots of the harness bands 9 are over the smaller of the holes through
which they pass and as the bands 9 pass through the long eyes of the needles 11.
13. 15. 17 when none of the needles 11. 13. 15. 17. are acted upon by the cards the
band 9 remains unmoved and is lifted; similarly when none of the needles 12, 14,
16, 18 are acted upon the bands 10 are raised.
The top boards from which the harness is suspended are each divided into two
parts d³, and d² do, and d³ in order to allow for the adjustment of the bands 9
and 10 which pass through the long eyes of the selecting needles. It will be
observed that in figure 3 the same numbers of reference are used to denote needles
and bands in each part of the jacquard machine and the needles bearing similar
numbers occupy similar positions in the face plates, and the bands passing through
their eyes are drawn to similar portions of the comber board o; that is to say, the
bands 1 are taken to the front of the board and the bands 10 to the back of the
board. By this arrangement of needles and bands, if the bands 1 and 2 are used
for one colour or frame of worsted, and the bands 3 and 4, 5 and 6, 7 and 8,.
9 and 10 respectively for others, the cards for the cylinder k³ must be stamped in a
similar manner to the cards for the cylinder k. It will therefore be seen that by
employing needles made and arranged as shown at 11, 12 and 11¹, 12ª in figure 6.

page_text: we are enabled to employ cards similarly stamped for the cylinders used in the
front and back part of the loom and we find it of great advantage (though not
absolutely necessary) to adopt this method as it simplifies and reduces the labor of
the stamper.
In drawing the harness bands from the guide boards n¹ and n³, to the comber
board o, by preference we draw a small number of bands from the board n¹ to the
comber board o, and then an equal number of bands from the board n³, to the
board o, say 10, 20, 30.or 40 bands from each in turn until the whole are disposed
of, always taking the bands in rows from front to back as in figure 3; by this
means the harness bands are kept nearly in the vertical line and the amount of
friction is considerably reduced.
When the harness bands are drawn to the comber board in turns from each
guide board, in stamping the cards we place a comb of steel or other material
(figure 8) over the design so that only that portion of the design which comes
between the teeth of the comb is visible to the stamper. In this comb the teeth
and spaces between the teeth are equal in width, that is to say: the width of a
space is equal to the width of a tooth, and this width is exactly equal to a required
number of squares in the design paper. If 20 bands are drawn from the front
part of the machine and 20 bands from the back part of the machine, alternately,
the width of the teeth is just four squares of the design (the selection of five
harness bands being controlled by one square) if 30 bands are drawn the width is
six squares and so on. When the whole of the squares which are visible have
been stamped a card is ready say for the front part of the jacquard machine, and
if the comb-is-moved-4-squares,-so-that_the_squares which have been hidden are
¯visible¯ând another card-be-stamped-the-second-card will occupy a position in the
back part of the jacquard machine similar to that occupied by the first and in
the front part of the machine.
This method of stamping the cards is that which we have found to give good
results with the described arrangement of needles and harness, but it will be
obvious that other methods of stamping the cards-cap be-employed-to_suit_the_
arrangement of the needles and harness.
The selecting needles are supported at one end by the face plates pl, and p³, and
-at-the-other-by-tho-grates, and 7, which are attached to the back rails &', and 8.
Pins are secured in the back rails 7', and r³, and pass through the long eyes at
the ends of the selecting needles thus preventing the needles from being pushed or
jerked out of the holes in the face plates.
To secure the return of the selecting needles to their position after having been
operated upon by the cards we find it advantageous, instead of using springs, to
make use of push plates t¹ and t. These push plates which are of ordinary
construction are carried by slides one of which is shewn in figure 7, marked v; upon
this slide is secured the bracket v; on the slide l, is fixed a stud 3, the end of
which projects into the recess of the bracket v'. When the cylinder is thrown out
from the face plate the slide is carried with it and the stud ³, travels freely in
the recess of the bracket v' until it comes to the end v³ of the recess when it
carries the slide v with it to the end of its traverse; this brings the push plate up
to the grate r³, and restores any needles which may be out of place to their proper
position for the selection of the cards. As the cylinder comes towards the face
plate the stud ³, travels freely to the end v³, of the recess in the bracket v³, and
then carries the slide and push plate back from the ends of the selecting needles,
thus leaving them free for the action of the card. The recess in the bracket v¹,
gives positive motion to the push plate and reduces its traverse, enabling the
grates s¹ and ³ to be nearer together thus reducing the size of the jacquard
machine.
•
Both ends of each push plate are similarly supported and actuated.
In the plates w which form the ends of the card cylinders are inserted pegs w¹;
cross-headed slides are used to press simultaneously against two of these pegs w¹,
and thus to steady the oulinda aftón houine boon tuned Aver and to hold the

page_text: faces of the cylinders parallel to the face plates, These plates Can Do BID
turning over the cylinders in which case the discs m³ and me hereinbefore described
are not required.
One of these cross-headed slides a, is shewn in figure 7; it is pressed against two
of the pegs by the spiral spring ¹, which is kept in a stato of compression by the
lugs secured to the slide .. The spring' is sufficiently pliable to allow the
cylinders to be turned by the catches.
Where it is necessary to use jacquard machines of great width we find it
advantageous to insert in the middle of the machine a support as shown at y³, in
figure 2.
In this case we make the top boards, guide board, top rail, back rail, face plate,
and push plate for the front of the jacquard machine in two parts and those for
the back of the jacquard machine also in two parts and support the top rails, back
rails, face plates and guide-boards by means of the middle support y, and the end
frames y', and y³, but in order to secure the simultaneous motion of similar parts
throughout the machine we prefer that the shafts actuating the cylinders and their
dependent parts and the shafts actuating the lift or trap boards extend in ono
piece throughout the whole width of the jacquard machine but it will be obvious
that the shafts can be made in two parts securely coupled together.
We also prefer to construct the cylinders either upon one shaft or tube for the
whole width of the machine, or if they are constructed upon two shafts or tubes
to connect them by a suitable coupling such as at 2, so that they work practically
as though they were on one shaft or tube.
In very, wide jacquard machines we also prefer to have at each end of the
jacquard machine suitable apparatus such as that hercinbofore described for
turning over and actuating the cylinders and the cranked lever a, with the
connections to the shafts 6%, and 610, but in narrower jacquard machines it is
sufficient to have it at one end of the machine.
Although we have in our description and drawings described and illustrated a
jacquard machine the harness and needles of which are arranged for the manufacture
of Brussels and velvet carpots and other looped and piled fabrics, it will be under-
stood by and be obvious to persons acquainted with looms that our invention is
equally applicable to other arrangements of harness and needles required for the
production of other fabrics where a large number of selecting needles are necessary.
The jacquard machine described raises the shed by means of trap or lift boards and
knots on the harness, but it will be obvious that our double jacquard machine can
be constructed to work by other means, such as for example by hooks and a grid,
without affecting the principle of the invention.
We would here remark that we are aware, that it has been before proposed to
employ double jacquard machines or machines with two card cylinders and that
we do not therefore claim broadly a jacquard machine with two card cylinders, but
only when arranged to operate for the purpose and in the manner or in an
equivalent manner to that hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
•
1. The manufacture and use of looms for weaving carpets and other fabrics
having a double arrangement of jacquard machine and two cylinders the cards
being carried by the different cylinders and acting upon different sets of selecting
needles, the cylinders being so arranged and operated as to cause the cards they
carry, to act simultaneously on their respective sets of selecting needles so as to
form one shed or lift of the warps substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The improved method herein described of weaving carpets and other fabrics
of wide widths in the manufacture of which a large number of selecting needles
are necessary by the employment of a double arrangement of jacquard machine
constructed and operating substantially as hercinbefore described.

page_text: 3. In a double jacquard machine operating as hereinbefore described the com-
bination of parts for operating the card cylinders so that the cards-they carry act
simultaneously on their respective sets of selecting needles substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying drawings.
Doth 100%
G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agent for the Applicants.