A Improved eriala.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd May, 1895-Accepted, 29th June, 1895
A Improved eriala.
I, JOHN MARSHALL, of 23 Rockingham Terrace, Birdwell, Barnsley, in the
County of Yorks, Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object a machine or vessel for the purpose of aerial
flight of specifically greater weight than atmospheric air, but so constructed and
operated as to ensure the requisite elevating, sustaining, and propelling properties
to render it navigable and capable of rising from a position of rest.
For this purpose I employ a car or receptacle of oblong or other convenient
shape, provided with one or more uprights, each, where more than one is employed,
having hinged thereto, at suitable points, one or more pairs of wings or flappers.
Each of these wings or flappers is connected either directly, or through the
medium of a connecting rod, to the rod of a piston in such a manner that those of
each pair may be operated to move in the same or opposite directions. The pistons
of each pair of wings or flappers are arranged to work in the opposite ends of a
common cylinder provided at or near its middle with suitable port or ports for
the operating fluid, the result of this arrangement being that the resistance
encountered by one of the wings of a pair forming the support which enables the
operating fluid to act upon the piston of the other, and vice versa.
The vessel is navigated by the aid of one or more adjustable planes situated at
the stern or other part of the vessel, and the wings or flappers may be arranged
at the required incline to enable them to propel the vessel forward as well as lift
it, said inclination, if necessary, being made adjustable; or inclined aeroplanes
may be employed for this purpose, the wings in this case being utilized solely for
lifting purposes.
And in order that my invention may be more readily understood and carried
into practice I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the
accompanying drawings, of which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 an end elevation of a
machine embracing the principal features of my invention;
Fig. 4 a part end elevation shewing a modified arrangement of the wings or
flappers, and
Fig. 5 a plan of a modification of the fluid pressure pipes and compressing and
exhausting cylinder.
As illustrated, the machine consists of a car a of oblong shape with tapering
bow constructed of wirework, or of other suitable material.
Projecting from this car, and supported by stays 6 are four hollow uprights c,
each having hinged to it two pairs of wings or flappers d preferably arranged so
that one pair, consisting of upper and lower wings, slightly in advance of the
other pair, as shown.
These wings or flappers work in pairs one on each side of the uprights, the
operation of each pair being effected by two pistons arranged to work in the
opposite end of a cylinder e attached to, or supported by, the upright c, and
connected each to one of the wings or flappers in such a manner that these latter
move simultaneously in the same direction.
Each of these cylinders is provided with a port or ports for the entrance and
exhaustion of the operating fluid, at such a point that this operating fluid may

page_text: actuate the two pistons simultaneously in such a manner that the resistance the
one piston has to overcome forms the support which enables the fluid to actuate the
other, and vice versa.
The actuating fluid may be steam, compressed air, or the like, but in the
arrangement shown, water, or other liquid is employed, this being forced into
the cylinders e in order to force down the wings or flappers through pipe g and the
uprights which are provided with suitable cut-off valves e¹ for use in cases of
accident or leakage, by the aid of a pump h, whose plunger k is operated by an
oil, electric, or other motor, said liquid being withdrawn as soon as the wings or
flappers have completed their downward stroke, and the wings so returned to their
raised position.
For the purpose of enabling the machine to travel forward, the wings or flappers
may be set at an incline, and if necessary their inclination rendered adjustable by
suitable connections, or aeroplanes, fixed or adjustable, may be employed for this
purpose, whilst to regulate the direction of travel a vertical pivoted plane / is
employed.
In some cases, instead of arranging the pairs of wings or flappers as above
described, these may be arranged alternately with the cylinder of one pair on the
opposite side to that of the next, as shown in Fig. 4, the object being that the
lower wing, having no wing immediately above it, cannot take away the support
by the current it creates in the down stroke, whilst in other cases, by means of
connecting pipes 9, 9', arranged as shown in the plan Fig. 5, the supply and
exhaustion of the operating fluid may be so regulated by connecting two of the
uprights c to one end of the cylinder & the remaining two to the opposite end of
said cylinder that as the pistons working in the cylinders on one or more of the
uprights are being forced outwards, those on the remaining upright or uprights are
being drawn inwards, and vice versa.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1.) An aerial machine or vessel provided with one or more pairs of wings or
flappers each wing or flapper of each pair being connected to the rod of a piston
and the pistons of each pair of wings or flappers arranged to work in the opposite
ends of a common cylinder which cylinder has its inlet and outlet port or ports so
arranged that the actuating fluid may enter between said pistons and actuate both
of these simultaneously.
(2.) An aerial machine or vessel consisting of a car a one or more uprights c
one or more pairs of hinged wings or flappers d and one or more double-ended
cylinders e having pistons f connected to the wings or flappers working therein
the whole arranged constructed and operated substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
(3.) An aerial machine or vessel and modifications thereof substantially as
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of May 1895.
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, 54 Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
66
CASTLE SMITH,
Invention" Office, 54 Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.