Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and other Wheeled Vehicles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 20th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and other Wheeled
Vehicles.
I, ISAAC EVANS, of Lionel Street, in the City of Birmingham Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention pertains to pneumatic tyres for the wheels of cyles and wheeled
vehicles, and has for its object, immunity from puncture of the inner tube or sack
of the said tyres.
Ordinary pneumatic tyres are composed either of an inner and elastic and
distensible tube or sack, encompassed or encircled by an outer one of less elasticity,
or of an inner and distensible sack, bladder or tube encompassed and secured to the
rim of a wheel by a canvas, or a canvas and rubber covering.
In the former case, the inner sack or tube is of less diameter than the outer one,
and is adapted to be extended or blown up as a bladder, and by the impingement
of the sides against the insides of the walls of the outer casing, the last named also
becomes inflated and distended. In the other case, the inner and elastic tube,
which like the former is made of caoutchouc or india rubber, is inflated or blown
up, and the material of which the body is composed, stretched to within given
limits, and confined from injury by the canvas, or canvas and rubber ply covering,
which is usually laced or otherwise connected at the edges.
Now from the fact of both the inner and outer walls of either the air sack and
the air sack enclosing medium being strained outwardly, under the expanding
tension of the compressed elastic fluid enclosed, any puncture, of either the outer or
inner tubes, causes the same to gape, hence the escape of air, and the deflation of
the tyre.
As the inner and outer sacks are stretched in common with each other, a
puncturing object must necessarily pierce both walls or medium, if the puncture is
sufficiently extensive.
Now my invention consists in enclosing within an outer and elastic tube, a limp
sack, normally of greater dimensions than the inside of the said outer tube when
inflated or stretched. This said inner tube has free scope or free play within the
interior of the outer tube or circumferential casing, in manner that the same is
never stretched on inflation, but lies as a loose and limp sack within the outer and
elastic one, thus leaving the air pressure to exert itself only upon the inside of the
outer walls, through the medium of the loose and limp sack, which acts only as a
vehicle for the carrying of the fluid, in virtue of which inflation is accomplished.
Now in my new or improved tyre, there is thus a tyre proper, containing an air
envelope within its interior, which envelope is normally of a size much greater than
the interior of the said tyre proper, so that the air fed for inflation, has between it
and the tyre, a limp and loose medium, readily susceptible to inward displacement,
consequent upon the material of the same lying as it were in folds, puckers or
crumples upon the inside walls of the tyre, so that should puncture occur, the
instrument or object only passes through the outside walls of the tyre, pushing or
displacing inwards the sack or envelope consequent upon its limb and loose
constitution.
In other words, the limp sack or envelope, being normally free and unstretched,
offers no resistence to the puncture instrument by advancing or being pushed or
propelled inwards before it, hence the immunity of it against puncture.
may employ either thin and pliant india rubber, prepared silk, skin, gutta
percha or other suitable material for the inside sack or envelope, which besides
being considerably broader in cross section than an inflated tyre, is also considerably

page_text: longer, in order to afford sufficient material for the free puckering, pleating or
crumpling of the same when in use.
Instead of a complete cylindrical outer casing or tyre being employed, a cover
casing of rubber or rubber and canvas may be employed.
The air valve connection is attached to the inner loose and free sack.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres for Cycles and other Wheeled
Vehicles.
1 ISAAC EVANS, of Lionel Street, in the City of Birmingham, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention pertains to pneumatic tyres for the wheels of cycles and wheeled
vehicles, and has for its object, immunity from puncture of the inner tube or sack
of the said tyres.
Ordinary pneumatic tyres are composed either of an inner and elastic or
distensible tube or sack, encompassed or encircled by an outer one of less elasticity,
or of an inner and distensible sack, bladder or tube, encompassed and secured to the
rim of a wheel by a canvas, or a canvas and rubber covering.
In the former case, the inner sack or tube is of less diameter than the outer one,
and is adapted to be extended or blown up as a bladder, and by the impingement
of the sides against the insides of the walls of the outer casing, the last named also
becomes distended. In the other case, the inner and elastic tube, which like the
former is made of caoutchouc or india rubber, is inflated or blown up, and the
material of which the body is composed, stretched to within given limits, and
confined from injury by the canvas, or canvas and rubber ply covering, which is
suitably connected at the edges.
Now from the fact of both the inner and outer walls of either the air sack and
the air sack enclosing medium being strained outwardly under the expanding tension
of the compressed elastic fluid enclosed, any puncture of the walls of either the outer
or inner tubes, causes the same to gape, hence the escape of air, and the deflation of
the tyre.
As the inner and outer sacks are stretched in common with each other, a puncturing
object must necessarily pierce both walls or medium, if the puncture is sufficiently
extensive.
Now my invention consists in enclosing within an outer and elastic tube, a limp
sack, normally of greater dimensions than the inside of the said outer tube when
inflated or stretched. This said inner tube has free scope or free play within the
interior of the outer tube or circumferential casing, in manner that the same is
never stretched on inflation, but lies as a loose and limp sack within the outer
and elastic one, thus leaving the air pressure to exert itself only upon the inside
of the outer walls, through the medium of the loose and limp sack, which acts
only as a vehicle for the carrying of the fluid, in virtue of which inflation is
accomplished.
Now in my new or improved tyre, there is thus a tyre proper, containing an air
envelope within its interior, which envelope is normally of a size much greater
than the interior of the said tyre proper, so that the air fed for inflation has
between it and the tyre a limp and loose medium, readily admitting inward
displacement, consequent upon the material of the same lying as it were in folds,
puckers, or crumples upon the inside walls of the tyre, so that should puncture

page_text: occur, the instrument or object only passes through the outside walls of the tyre,.
pushing or displacing inwards the sack or envelope consequent upon its limp and
loose constitution.
In other words, the limp sack or envelope, being normally free and unstretched,
offers no resistance to the puncture instrument, by advancing or being pushed or
propelled inwards before it, hence, the immunity of it against puncture.
I may employ either thin and pliant india rubber prepared silk, skin, gutta
percha or other suitable material for the inside sack or envelope, which besides being.
considerably broader in cross section than an inflated tyre, is also considerably
longer, in order to afford sufficient material for the free puckering, pleating or
crumpling of the same when in use.
Instead of a complete cylindrical outer casing or tyre being employed, a cover
casing of rubber or rubber and canvas may be employed.
The air valve connection is attached to the inner loose and free sack.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings represents a portion of a wheel circum-
ference or a pneumatic tyre provided with an improvement made according to my
invention, and which said improvement consists in employing within an outer casing or
covering, a loose and limp sack, which is normally of greater dimensions than the
inside of the said outer casing or tubing, but which when placed within the said
casing has free play, by the parts rucked or crumpled up overlapping each other in
the form of folds, tucks, crumples and the like.
Figure 2 represents a transverse vertical section upon the dotted lines A. B..
Figure 1, showing how the free and loose sack, when in position, lies in folds,
puckers or crumples, and by such an internal organization, a piercing object, after
passing through the outer walls of the tyre, simply pushes before it, or displaces
inwardly, the said limp or free play sack, inner lining or air envelope, without
piercing the same, but should the puncturing instrument be very sharp and produce
a puncture, then the folds of the said inner sack would close over or overlay the
said punctured part of both itself and the tube, cover or the like constituting the
outer walls.
Figure 3 represents the loose or free and limp sack or inner lining in its normal
condition, prior to the same being gathered or puckered up and introduced into an
outer casing or covering.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of the same.
Figure 5 is a wheel having a tyre provided with a loose internal inner sack, air
envelope or puckered lining.
In Figures 1 to 5, a is an outer rubber tyre, or a tyre composed of rubber with
plys of canvas, and b is a loose or free interior, sack or lining, which normally is
of greater dimensions both in length and breadth than the tyre or casing with which
it is to be employed as an auxilliary inner tube, free to be displaced inwardly without
the same being liable to be punctured, as aforesaid.
d is a tyre cover or cover sheath, which may be secured at its edges to the rim e,
in any approved manner. f is a valve, attachedly or otherwise connected to the
inner and auxilliary limp tube b.
Figure 6 represents the said free or loose sack enclosed only within a sheath
cover, whose edges are suitably connected to the rim, and which inner and loose
sack is of the same puckered or pleated organization as in the former arrangement.
bis the inner and free sack, with the walls of the same lying in pleats or folds
one upon another, and adapted to be displaced inwardly on a puncturing object
coming inwardly through the outer cover d. e is the rim and f is the valve leading
to the said inner and loose sack, envelope or lining.
Figure 7 represents my invention applied to a tyre without a cover.
a is the tyre proper composed of rubber or other suitable material, and b is a loose
or free lining, sack or envelope, of the same construction as previously described,
e is the rim, and the valve connected to the sack b.
Figure 8 represents a tyre fitted with a modified form of my invention. Instead
of the loose and free lining or sack being presented to the whole of the inner

page_text: circumference of the tyre or cover, it is only placed upon that part of the said inner
circumference presented to the tread.
a is the tyre proper, d the sheath cover, e the rim, f the valve connected to the
tyre a, and in communication with the interior, whilst is a semi-sack or envelope,
of a loose constitution as before described, coming upon the interior part of the
tyre opposite the tread, and at that part where puncture is most likely to occur.
The edges are attached to the opposite inside walls of the tyre by cement or
otherwise.
It is understood that perfect sound joints are made between the boundary edges
of the said loose and free auxilliary lining, and the said inner walls of the tyre,
and with the pleats or crumples (when the tyre is inflated) overlapping each other.
It will be understood that this said inner part lining may be composed of
caoutchouc, prepared canvas, rubber, silk or other special material, and that
the same is of greater dimensions than the part to be protected relative both to
the length and breadth, and further it is understood that in every case when the
tyre is deflated the interior casing or sack lies flabby and loose within the interior,
but when inflated portions of said walls overlap each other foldwise in all
directions.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First In pneumatic tyres or pneumatic wheel circumferences, providing the
interiors of the same, or covers, sheath covers or envelopes (attachably connected
or fixedly connected in position) with loosely organized or free sacks, or part sacks,
linings or their equivalents, which, when the tyres, or the inner loose sacks are
inflated, the parts of the inside walls lie in folds, pleats or tucks upon each other in
all directions, or lie in a puckered or crumpled and free state, substantially as and
for the purpose as described and set forth.
ISAAC EVANS,
By Henry Skerrett,
6, Livery Street, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.