Improvements in Chucks or Work Holders for Lathes, Milling, Planing, and similar Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 13th Aug., 1894-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Chucks or Work Holders for Lathes, Milling,
Planing, and similar Machines.
I, WALTER PAYTON of 138 Sheen Road Richmond, in the County of Surrey
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object certain improvements in chucks for holding
articles to be operated upon by lathes, milling, planing and similar machines and
consists essentially of a body part which may be circular rectangular or any other
approved shape and such body is provided with slots in which are fitted slides so
arranged as to be capable of being moved along such slots in either direction by
means of screws contained in the said body.
The slots may be of any required number and they may be radial, parallel or at
any angle to each other and the slides contained in them are provided with
cylindrical holes the lower parts of which are screwed and in which are fitted
screwed pins having their upper ends projecting above the slides to an extent that
may be varied by turning the pins in the said screwed holes.
The holes in the slides are pitched an equal distance apart but their number will
vary with the length of the slides and the holes are formed alike in all the slides in
order that any one of them may accurately fit any one of the screwed pins but
only one of such pins is required for each slide. The screwed pins are made.
cylindrical at that part which is fitted into the unscrewed part of the holes and
their projecting ends are formed into jaws or dogs of any shape that may be
suitable for gripping objects placed between them.
In order to use the chuck for gripping an article on its outside each of the slides
has a pin screwed a suitable distance into that one of its holes which may be most
conveniently placed for gripping the particular article required to be chucked and
the slides with their jaws are then moved inwards along the slots by turning the
screws which operate the slides. In doing this the pins when their jaws are in
contact with the article will turn in their holes and thereby allow the jaws when
tightened up by the screws to adjust themselves to the position and shape of the
article and enable it to be gripped by the jaws securely and in the best possible
manner. By screwing the slides out of the slot in a similar manner articles may be
gripped on their inner sides and by a proper selection of holes, in which to place.
the pins articles of a great variety of shapes and of considerable eccentricity may
be firmly secured upon the chuck..
In some cases one of the screwed pins is fitted into the body in place of a slide
and has opposed to it another pin contained in a slide bored and operated in a slot
in the manner above described in order that an article may be gripped between the
jaws of such pins and two or more of such slides and pins adapted in this manner
may be used in combination.
The slides may be moved along the slots both independently and in combination
by screws or scrolls arranged and operating in any ordinary manner but when the
bodies of the said chucks are circular and the slides are fitted in radial slots I
prefer to use the following novel arrangement of parts as it will enable the slides
to be moved either independently or in combination without having recourse to
changes or dislocations of the gearing by which the slides are operated.
In carrying this part of the said invention into effect one side of each slide has
formed upon it a segmental screw thread into which is fitted a cylindrical screw
squared at one end in order that it may be turned by a key or spanner and such.
screw is reduced in diameter so as to form a rectangular recess at about the centre

page_text: of its length. The body of the chuck is formed with recesses to receive the screws
and the screwed parts of the slides and other recesses are also formed in the body
in which are centred levers forked and fitted into the recessed parts of the screws
and provided with studs which engage in eccentric grooves formed in a ring fitted
concentrically upon the back of the body. Each slide is provided with an operating
screw, a lever and a groove in the ring and the arrangement is such that the ring
when turned upon the body will move the slides whatever their number simul-
taneously a short distance along their slots in either direction and, thereby enable
their jaws to grip an article or release it and as the levers always act as abutments
to the screws whatever may be the position of the ring the slides may be operated
by the ring simultaneously and in combination or separately and independently by
the screws.
The ring may be slotted to receive a movable handle or spanner to
facilitate its being turned or it may be toothed so as, to enable it to be turned by a
bevel wheel centred in the body in any convenient manner. This part of the
said invention may be also usefully employed for operating the slides of circular
chucks of any other kind.
Date: 10.1 1
" AT
1
1000
WALTER PAYTON.
GUMI DELE SI MULETUATION.
Improvements in Chucks or Work Holders for Lathes, Milling,
Planing, and similar Machines.
1, WALTER PAYTON, of 138 Sheen Road Richmond in the County of Surrey
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Reference being had to the accompanying two sheets of drawings of which
Figs. 1. 2. 3 illustrate the invention arranged for use as an independent chuck.
Fig. 1 being a plan having a part shown in section. Fig. 2 a part elevation
and part vertical section on line A and Fig. 3 a part elevation and part section on
line B.
Figs. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. illustrate the invention arranged for use
as a combination chuck Fig. 4 being a plan shown partly in section Fig. 5 a
vertical half section on line C Fig. 6 a vertical part section on line D Fig. 7.
a horizontal section on line E Fig. 8 a part section on line F Fig. 9 a plan of the
covering ring n shown by Figs. 5. 6 Fig. 10 a section of the ring n on line G
Fig. 11 a part section on line H and Figs. 12. 13. 14. a plan and two elevations of
the lever e also shown on Figs. 4 and 6.
Figs. 15. 16. 17. represent the invention as arranged for use on milling and other
similar machines Fig. 15. being a plan Fig. 16 a vertical section on line K
and Fig. 17 an end elevation.
In adapting the invention for use as an independent chuck the body a is made
circular as shown by Fig. 1 and it has four radial slots cut across it at right
angles to each other in which the four similar slides marked c are accurately fitted.
To secure the slides in the slots the slides are formed with projections at c' and the
slides of the slots are grooved out to receive the projections in the manner shown
by Figs. 2. 3. When the slides are in place their upper surfaces are flush with the
surface of the body a and they are so fitted in the slots as to move freely within
them. The sides of the slides are also grooved as shown by Figs. 1. 3. in order
that the ends of the small screws o' inay act as stops to prevent the slides being
drawn out of the slots to too great a distance. The faces of the projections cl are
made segmental and have screw threads cut in them to receive the threads of the
operating screws d and such screws are fitted within circular recesses formed in the
body a parallel with the slots as shown by Figs. 1. 2. 3.
The screws d are reduced in diameter so as to form the cylindrical pins d' upon

page_text: which are fitted the thrust blocks d² and such thrust blocks are fitted as part of.
the screws into their circular recesses and are held securely within them by the
crosspins d screwed into the body a in the manner illustrated by Figs. 1. 3.
1.
The outer ends of the screws d have square holes formed in them in order that.
any suitable square-ended key may be used for turning them and when circular
motion is given to the screws they will cause the slides to move along the slots end.
motion of the screws being prevented by the thrust-blocks d. Each of the slides
has three similar cylindrical holes bored through it the lower ends of which are
somewhat less in diameter than the upper ends and have screw threads formed in
them and the lower faces of the slides are grooved at d* to prevent dirt accumulating
in the holes.
The holes are pitched along the centre of the slides and at an equal distance
apart and each slide is provided with a screwed cylindrical pin d accurately fitting
its holes and capable of being screwed up or down any one of them. The upper
ends of the pins d³ have a portion of one side cut away so as to form them into
jaws in the manner shown by Figs. 1. 2. and when in position in the slides motion
given to the slides by the operating screws will cause the jaws to grip and hold
firinly any work placed a suitable distance between them.
The back of the chuck is shown provided with a screwed boss at a² Figs. 2. 3 to
enable the chuck to be attached to a lathe or similar rotating machine but it may
be constructed as shown by Fig. 4. and be bolted to a face plate in the usual
manner. In this form of chuck all the slides. have to be moved independently of
each other no means being provided for causing them to move in combination but
in order that such combination may be effected the modification shown by the
figures on Sheet 2 may be employed.
the screws.
In this modification the slides and operating screws are constructed and fitted,
into the body of the chuck in a similar manner to that above described but in place.
of the thrust-blocks and pins d' the forked levers shown in position by
Figs. 4. 6. 7. and separately by Figs. 12. 13. 14. are used for resisting the thrust of
The fore-ends of the levers e are formed with notches el to receive the -
reduced part of the screws d as shown by Fig. 6 and their fulcrum ends are
fitted into holes formed in the body of the chuck which is also recessed in the
manner more clearly shown at a³ to allow the levers e to vibrate through a short
arc. The lower sides of the levers e are provided with lugs upon which the
circular pins are formed and such pins engage in the friction-blocks e shown in.
plan by Fig. 7 and in section by Fig. 8.
The back of the body a is reduced in diameter and has fitted upon it the
cam ring m shown in plan by Fig. 7 and in part section by Figs. 5. 6. 8 and
the friction blocks e³ are fitted into the circular eccentric grooves m' formed in the
ring m.
The ring m is held in place by the covering plate n Figs. 9. 10. 11. fitted upon
and secured to the body a in the manner shown by Figs. 5. 6. and it is so fitted as.
to allow of the ring m turning freely between the plate and the body.
The grooves in the ring mare formed by preference in the manner shown by
Fig. 7. and the dotted lines m² show their radius and eccentricity. The relative.
positions of the levers e and the ring m are shown more clearly at in where a lever.
is shown in place by dotted lines and when the several parts are connected together.
as above described any turning motion given to the ring m will vibrate the levers e
and cause the operating screws and slides to move through a short distance along
their slots, and thereby allow of work held between the jaws of the slides being
released or regripped as often as desired.
As the ring m acts as an abutment to the screws d in all positions each or all of
the screws may be operated independently of. the ring, and this peculararity
enables this form of chuck to be used at any moment either as an independent or
combination chuck..
The ring m may be turned by any approved means but a convenient device for
that purpose is shown by Figs. 9. 10. 11. wherein the screw-shaft.n! is shown carried

page_text: by bearings formed in the side of the covering plate and held in position by a
shoulder at one end and the collar a screwed upon it at its other end and prevented
turning by the set screw n³. The shaft is made hexagonal at nt to enable it to be
turned by a suitable key and it has fitted upon it the screwed nut n° also fitted so
as to move along a groove cut in the plate as shown by Figs. 9. 11. The nut n³
is made to project above the plate as shown by Fig. 10. and the projecting part
is made to engage in a notch cut in the ring m in the manner illustrated by Fig. 7
and any motion given to the nut n' by turning the shaft n' will be imparted to the
ring m and cause the above described reciprocations of the slides.
The modification shown by Figs. 15. 16. 17 is more particularly adapted for
milling and similar machines which do not require the chuck to revolve.
In it the slides c operating screws d thrust-blocks d2 and securing pins d³ above
described and illustrated by Figs. 1. 2. 3. are fitted in a similar manner to the body
of the chuck but the slides are two in number and the jaws carried by them
are opposed to other jaws ficted into the fixed end of the body as shown by
Figs. 15. 16.
In all the above described modifications the dimensions and shapes of the parts
and the number of the slides may be varied as desired and the holes in the slides
may also vary in number and pitch. The pins d' may be of any required length
and their upper ends may be formed into jaws of the shape most convenient for
gripping the work intended to be chucked. The holes in the slides are formed
alike so as to enable the jaw pins to fit in any one of them and in chucking work
such holes are selected for use as best suit its shape and dimensions and its position
on the face of the chuck and by reversing the position of the jaws they may be
used for both inside or outside gripping at pleasure. By removing the pins and
using holding down bolts in the screwed part of the holes in the slides the chucks
may also be used as ordinary face plates."
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
In chucks for holding work in lathes milling machines and the like.
1st. The use of circular pins having jaws at one end and screw threads at the other
fitted into corresponding holes formed in adjustable slides moved by screws in slots
in the body of the chuck and arranged so as to permit of the jaws opposing
each other and gripping work when placed between them, constructed and
operating substantially as above described with reference to the accompanying
Figures 1. 2. 3.
2nd. The use of similar pins and adjustable slides moved by screws in slots in
the body of the chuck so arranged as to permit of the jaws of the pins in the slides
being opposed to the jaws of similar pins inserted in a fixed part of the body
constructed substantially as and for the purposes described above and illustrated
by the accompanying Figures 15. 16. 17.
3rd. The combination of the jaw pins d' the adjustable slides c the operating
screws d the thrust blocks d² the crosspins d³ and the stop pins a' with the body a
constructed and operating substantially as and for the purposes described above
with reference to the accompanying Figures 1. 2. 3.
4th. The combination of parts comprising the body a the plate n the operating
screw the moveable cam ring m the friction blocks e and the levers e with the
operating screws d constructed and arranged so as to enable the screw n³ to give
reciprocatory motion to the jaws of the slides c or similar slides in the manner and
for the purposes substantially described above and illustrated by the accompanying
Figures 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
WALTER PAYTON.