Year: 1888

page_text: I, FREDERICK MYERS of 56 Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements on the type-writing machine described by
me in a prior specification No. 14130 of 1687. In machines, such as the one described
in the above specification, the type is arranged on the periphery of a type wheel
having a tendency to revolve under the action of a constant source of power, but
prevented from revolving by suitable mechanism, except when a typo key or its
equivalent is depressed.
By preference I use a coiled spring as a source of power. The type wheel is
continually under the action of this spring, which is somewhat similar to those used
for clocks, and is made so that it can be rewound from time to time, as soon as it has
spent its force. Instead, however, of rewinding it, (after it has run down) I prefer to
keep it continually wound up by means of a self-winding arrangement hereinafter
described.
The pin-discs on the type-wheel spindle, the type-keys, type-levers, stop-fingers,
and type-key frame are arranged and worked as in the original machine. The type
levers are, however, made of thin sheet metal, and are preferably guided in their
downward course by guiding fingers attached to the key frame. Also, instead of
providing each lever with a spring, I prefer to pivot it to, or pass it through a slot in
the end of the rearmost type-key, and to place a spring below the head of the
said key.
In my original machine the depression of a type key not only released the power
driven type-wheel, but it also raised the paper carrying roller into contact with the
type-wheel. In my improved machine the depression of a key releases the type-wheel
(as will be hereinafter explained), but the latter is brought down upon the paper
The
carrying roller by a separate foot treadle mechanism in the following manner.
main frame of the machine, carrying almost the whole of the mechanism, is pivoted

page_text: preferably at or near its lower front edge, or at the extremity of a forward extension
or extensions thereof, to the fixed machine bed or table. The paper roller frame is
hinged, as before, to the main frame, preferably at or near its front edge, but the rear
edge, instead of being attached to the raising mechanism (as in the original machine),
simply rests upon a fixed abutment mounted upon the machine bed. The entire
machine is mounted upon a table similar to the table of a sewing machine, and below
the said table is an ordinary foot treadle, to which is pivoted an upright connecting
rod. The upper end of this rod is attached to the hinged main frame aforesaid
preferably at or near its rear edge, so that at each stroke of the treadle, the machine
frame is depressed, and the type-wheel brought into contact with the paper carrying
roller. On releasing the treadle, the machine is again elevated, preferably by a
spring interposed between an abutment on the hinged main frame and the unachine
bed.
When a spring is used for driving the type-wheel it may be automatically re-wound
as follows:
A short arm, one end of which works freely on the spring spindle, carries a pawl
engaging with the ratchet on the said spindle. The outer end of the arm rests upon
the upper end of a stiff spring finger attached to the bed or table of the machine. As
the machine is depressed by the treadle aforesaid, the pawl arm, resting on the spring
finger, rotates slightly on the spring spindle, and thereby causes the ratchet to be
rotated in such a manner as to wind up the spring. Should the spring be fully
wound up, any subsequent depression of the machine causes the spring finger to bend
or to slip along the ratchet arm. I also prefer to put an adjustable brake on the
spring box or type-wheel spindle to reduce the speed of the latter, and so to lessen the
concussion between the disc pins and the stop plates or fingers carried by the type
levers.
Instead of the brake, brake-wheel and its connections for releasing and locking the
type-wheel spindle, I make use of the following mechanism: On the type-wheel
spindle, and preferably between the type-wheel and the side frame of the machine, I
fix a stop wheel of slightly smaller diameter than the type-wheel, and having on its
periphery a number of nicks, projections, pins or their equivalent corresponding in
number and relative angular position to the type on the type-wheel. The stop wheel
is held normally stationary by a movable catch or pawl, which engages one of the
nicks or pins on its lower edge. This catch is carried by an arm, which is pivoted at
one end to the side frame of the machine, the other end being connected by an upright
pivoted link, to the outer edge of a rocking frame hereinafter to be described. The
aforesaid connecting link is jointed at or about its centre for reasons which will appear
forthwith. The rocking frame is capable of oscillation, preferably about the axis of
the type levers, and a bar carried by it, at or near its outer edge, lies immediately
below the type levers, and parallel thereto, as in the original machine. The frame,
the aforesaid connecting link and catch arm, are held in their raised position by a
spring or its equivalent. Each time a type key is depressed, the type lever below it
depresses the rocking frame by striking the bar carried thereby. The frame in its
turn depresses the link and catch arm, and releases the stop wheel. The type wheel
now revolves under the influence of the driving power, being arrested by one of the
disc pins as soon as the proper type is in position for printing. The foot-trendle,
being depressed, brings down the type wheel on to the paper in the manner herein-
before explained. The stop wheel is locked during the descent of the type-wheel by
means of an abutment attached to the paper roller frame or other suitable point, the
said abutment coming in contact with the catch arm or other portion of the locking
mechanism, and forcing the catch into one of the nicks on the stop wheel, this upward
movement of the arm being permitted by the doubling up of the jointed link. On
releasing the treadle, the machine frame rises, the jointed link straightens, so that the
stop wheel is kept locked until a type key is again depressed.
As in my original machine, I use a pawl and rack mechanism for drawing along
the paper roller frame in order to space the letters. The letter spacing lever is
pivoted, as before, to the machine frame or other suitable point, its inclined finger

page_text: engaging a pin on the aforesaid rack. The tail end of the lever passes through a fork
or its equivalent, carried by a block, which slides upon an upright rod, suitably
supported on the fixed bed of the machine. The said block is unable to move upwards
beyond a certain point, but it is capable of a varying amount of downward movement,
such movement being resisted to a certain extent by a spring, which tends to keep the
block always in its elevated position, where it remains when the machine is at rest.
On depressing the machine by means of the treadle, the tail of the spacing lever is
held stationary by the lower fork of the block, thus causing the lever to turn on its
pivot, and to force the inclined finger at its other end against the pin of the spacing
rack. As soon as the latter has travelled the required distance it is arrested, as will
be hereinafter explained, and any further downward movement of the spacing lever
depresses the forked block in defiance of its spring. On the machine being elevated,
the block rises to its upper position, and the tail of the spacing lever, catching the
upper fork of the block, causes the inclined spacing finger to be withdrawn, and the
rack is returned to its original position by a spring.
22
The type being of different widths, it becomes necessary, when a neat and uniform
spacing of the printed matter is a desideratum, to provide means whereby the paper
carrying roller may be moved along through varying distances, according to the
width of the character to be printed. If "W" for instance, required the roller to be
moved a distance equivalent to five teeth of the spacing rack, "I" might only require
it to be moved the distance of one or two teeth. The varying spacing is accomplished
as follows: The teeth of the spacing rack are of such a pitch that the space required
for each different width of letter corresponds to an integral number of teeth in the
rack. Upon the rack is mounted a finger or spacing regulator, which projects
upwards between the type-wheel and the stop wheel, and at a short distance from the
face of the latter. On the said face, and preferably near the periphery thereof is a
narrow raised annulus, the various points in which are raised more or less from the
face of the wheel, according to the width of the character on the type wheel, having
the same relative angular position. For instance, the projection of that portion of the
annulus which would correspond to "W" (the widest character) on the type-wheel
would be comparatively little, while the projection of the portion corresponding
to "I" (the narrowest character) would be comparatively great, the actual difference
between them (supposing "W" to equal five teeth on the rack, and "I" to equal one
tooth) would be a distance equal to four teeth, and the aforesaid spacing regulator
would stand normally at a distance of one tooth from that part of the annulus having
the greatest projection beyond the wheel face. In printing from left to right, with
this spacing device, the characters on the type-wheel are so arranged that all their
right hand edges lie in a plane parallel to the face of the type-wheel. If a letter
(say "W") is to be printed, the type wheel being placed in position by depressing
the key corresponding to that letter, and the treadle being then depressed, the inclined
spacing finger draws the rack along until (after travelling a distance of say, five
teeth), it is arrested by the regulator coming in contact with that portion of the said
annulus, which corresponds to the character in question. Any further movement of
the spacing lever is compensated as herein before explained. Similarly the rack would
be drawn along a greater or less distance according to the particular part of the
annulus against which the spacing regulator would strike. The spacing regulator is
preferably, spring pivoted to the rack so that it can move in a direction transversely
thereto. Each time the machine is depressed, the regulator comes in contact with a
stop or abutment, and turns slightly upon its pivot, so that its upper extremity always
moves approximately in the same vertical plane.
The mechanism for spacing the words is similar to that used in the original
machine. The spacing rack can be drawn along by the word spacing lever to any
suitable distance, as the spacing regulator aforesaid is of such a length that it will not
come in contact with the annulus on the stop wheel except when the said wheel is
depressed by the treadle or other mechanism. I may. however, sometimes employ a
separate rack for spacing the words, the said rack moving alongside, but independent
of, the letter spacing rack. This separate rack is moved along, as before, by

page_text: depressing the spacing key with an inclined foot, and it is connected to the paper
roller frame by a separate pawl. The amount of its travel is constant, say about five
teeth or the space required for a "W." Instead of using a second rack I could so
modify the mechanism that the letter spacing rack would space the words also.
I ink the type, previous to each impression as follows: The inking pad is carried
by the depending arm of a bell-crank lever, which is mounted loosely on the type-
wheel spindle. One arm of the crank is pivoted to the upper end of an oscillating
link, whose lower end is pivoted to the fixed machine bed or other fixed point, so that
each time the machine is depressed by the treadle, the pad is drawn along the type,
which is about to print, and swung out of the way of the paper roller.
The bottom of the hinged bed carrying the paper roller frame is preferably made
telescopic so that it may be drawn out and form an additional support to the
overhanging frame.
Instead of clipping the paper by means of a slotted paper clip encircling the upper
part of the paper carrying roller, I clip it between two small rollers lying parallel to the
paper carrying roller, and at a short distance to one side thereof. One of these rollers
is carried in bearings in the paper carrying roller frame, while the other is carried by
a second frame spring pivoted to the roller frame, so that it can be thrown back clear
of the paper when the latter is to be inserted or adjusted. The stop wheel for spacing
the lines may be attached to either of the two clip rollers.
Instead of using the treadle mechanism for drawing down the machine frame, I
may make the latter a fixture and use the treadle for raising the paper carrying roller
frame. Also, instead of employing the treadle to depress the machine or raise the
roller frame direct, I may merely make it a means of operating, releasing, or reinforcing
other primary mechanism or source of power. Or I may dispense with the treadle
entirely and depress the machine by continuing the downward pressure on the keys,
each time one of these is struck.
It must be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to the exact details of the
apparatus herein described, as the same may be modified without materially altering
the nature of the invention.
Dated this 1st day of March 1888
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Appertaining to Type-writing Machines.
I, FREDERICK MYERS, of 56 Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements on the type-writing machine described by me
in a prior specification No. 14130 of 1887. In machines such as the one described in
the above specification, the type are arranged on the periphery of a type wheel, having
a tendency to revolve under the action of a constant source of power, but prevented
from revolving by suitable mechanism, except when a type key or its equivalent is
depressed.
The said type keys are preferably arranged in parallel rows.
The manner in which the invention may be carried into effect may be understood
by the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in
which :-
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved type-writing machine.
Figure 2 is a cross section on line xr, Figure 1, with the paper carrying roller
removed.
Figure 3 is an end elevation with type keys, type wheel, inking mechanism, etcetera,
removed for the sake of clearness.
Figure 4 a similar end elevation showing mechanism for inking the type on type
wheel.
Figure 5 a plan of the machine.
Figure 6 a back elevation of a small portion of the type key frame with its handle
and connecting rod for moving it longitudinally, and a device for locking it in the
required position.
Figure 7 a device for spacing the lines.
Figure S an end elevation (looking the reverse way to Figures 3 and 4) showing the
self winding mechanism etcetera.
Figure 9 side elevation (enlarged) of disc with pins and stopping device for engaging
the said pins or projections.
Figure 1 end elevation of Figure 9 used also as a diagram to show the arrangement
of pins in the whole series of discs, and the relative positions of the corresponding type
on the type wheel.
Figure 11 detail showing the mode of supporting the frame of the paper carrying
roller.
Figures 12 and 13 other details hereinafter described.
A is the main frame of the apparatus, on which is mounted the upright frame B,
and the standard B'. A¹ is the stationary machine bed. The main frame A, carrying
the frame B, standard B¹, and almost the whole of the mechanism, is pivoted to the
fixed machine bed, A¹ at A², the pivots passing through the arms A³ extending from

page_text: the lower front edge of the main frame. C is a wheel or disc on the periphery of
which are arranged, as hereinafter described, the letters, numbers, stops, symbols,
etcetera, which are required. This type wheel C is mounted on a spindle or shaft D,
which is journalled at one end to the standard B', and at the other to the frame B.
The shaft D is preferably driven by a spring, though other sources of motive power
may be employed such as a small dynamo machine, a descending weight, etcetera, or
even a band driven from a continuously rotating shaft might be used in conjunction
with a suitable friction clutch.
By preference I use a coiled spring F1 as a source of power. The shaft D and type
wheels are continually under the action of this spring, which is somewhat similar to
those used for clocks, and is carried in the spring barrel F, on the end of the shaft D.
It may be rewound from time to time, (as soon as it has spent its force) by turning the
shaft D. Instead, however, of rewinding it, (after it has run down), I prefer to keep
it continually wound up by means of a self-winding arrangement, hereinafter
described.
The type keys G are arranged in parallel rows, in the frame H. The same keys
which are used for printing the large characters may also be used for printing the
small characters, and the figures, in the manner hereinafter described. The frame H
is mounted on guide rods E so as to slide longitudinally, the said rods being secured
to the frame B, and standard B or in other convenient manner.
Below each trans-
verse row of type keys is provided a lever or rod J, which is pivoted loosely upon the
spindle O carried by the sliding frame H, and upon which the type keys G or their
spindles rest. This type lever can be depressed by any one of the type keys G in the
row, which rest upon it. The levers are held in position as hereinafter described,
by means of a spring J, Figure 3, and if desired, the keys themselves may be provided
with springs. I prefer, however, to act upon the levers only with the spring or springs,
so that all the keys in one row or the whole series of keys will descend when one key
is depressed and thus leave ample space for the hand or fingers of the operator. The
type levers are made of thin sheet metal, and are preferably guided in their downward
course by guiding fingers Ja, attached to the under side of the key frame H. All the
keys are provided with shoulders or stops g, so placed that no two keys in a row will
depress their lever J to the same distance."
For example, the first or back key may cause its lever to descend a little further than
the second, the second key a little further than the third, and so on.
Discs Kare mounted on the spindle 1), and firmly secured thereto, and between
each of the said discs K', I mount two other similar discs K2, K3, also firmly secured
to the spindle.
The spindle D with its type wheel C is prevented from revolving under the action
of the spring in barrel by means of a stop wheel M. This wheel is fixed on the
type wheel spindle and preferably between the type wheel and the standard B¹ of the
machine. It is of slightly smaller diameter than the type wheel, and has on its peri-
phery a number of nicks m, formed by projections, or pins m² or their equivalent, and
corresponding in number and relative angular position to the type on the type wheel.
The stop wheel and therefore the shaft D is held normally stationary by a movable
catch or pawl L, which engages one of the nicks m, on its lower edge. This catch is
carried by an arm N, which is pivoted at one end to the standard B¹ of the machine,
the other end n being connected by an upright pivoted link n¹, n², to the outer
extremity of the arm 0³, forming one end of a rocking frame hereinafter to be
described. The aforesaid connecting link n', n², is jointed at or about its centre as
at for reasons which will appear forthwith. The arms 0, 03, forming the ends of the
rocking frame are attached to the spindle O', which forms a pivot, about the axis of
which the frame may oscillate. The remaining side of the frame is formed by a
horizontal bar P fixed between the arms O and 0³, and at or near their outer ends.
The bar Plies immediately below the type levers, and the latter rest upon and are
supported by it, the frame itself being supported by the spring or springs J', aforesaid,
connected to one or both arms 0, 0, and to the key frame H. The frame 0,0¹, 0³, P,
could, however, be pivoted at other points besides those indicated. Each time a

page_text: type key is depressed, the type lever J below it depresses the rocking frame by striking
the bar P, carried thereby. The frame in its turn depresses the link n³, n³, an catch
arm N, and releases the stop wheel M. The type wheel now revolves under the influ-
ence of the driving power, being arrested, as hereinafter described, by a pin small k,
in one of the discs K', K², or K³, as soon as the proper type is in position for printing.
The pawl M pivoted to the standard B, above the stop wheel, prevents any tendency
of the latter to rebound when arrested as hereinafter described. The wheel M having
been released by the depression of a key as aforesaid, any further movement of the
latter is prevented by the shoulder g striking the frame H. On continuing the pres-
sure, the main frame A is caused to turn about its pivot A2, carrying with it the
type wheel C, and catch arm N. The latter immediately strikes a pin N² fixed in the
hinged bed S, hereinafter described. This causes the arm N to be raised, and the catch L
to be inserted into a nick m, so as to lock the wheel. The aforesaid movement of the
arm N is permitted by the jointed link n², n², which bends about its pivot n³, but
assumes its straight position as soon as the key is released and the rocking frame Ó, O',
03, P, rises. The wheel M being locked, a further pressure on the type key brings the
type wheel into contact with the paper or roller R hereinafter described, the downward
movement of the latter being slight in comparison with that of the wheel M. The
pressure on the key being removed, the main frame and its mechanism rise by reason
of the spring A, Figure 8, which is introduced between a flange a¹ on the frame B,
and the fixed bed A'. The spring is held in position by a core a² at each end thereof.
The upward movement of the frame A is controlled by the adjustable stop a³, which is
fitted with a buffer block a².
Instead of employing a direct pressure on the keys to depress the main frame iu
order to lock the type wheel and to print, the following arrangement might be
adopted:
The entire machine might be mounted upon a table similar to the table of a sewing
machine, and below the said table an ordinary foot treadle might be placed, to which
an upright connecting rod could be pivoted. The upper end of this rod would be
attached to the hinged main frame aforesaid, preferably at or near its rear edge, so
that at each stroke of the treadle, the machine frame would be depressed, and the type
wheel brought into contact with the paper carrying roller. On releasing the treadle,
the machine would be elevated, as before, by the spring A¹.
R is the paper carrying roller supported in any convenient manner on the frame R
which slides in a hinged guide or bed S. The end of the roller R is provided with a
wheel having a number of notches r, Figure 7, into which a spring pin or pawl r
engages itself, holding the roller in any desired position. The distance between each
of the notches is equal to the distance required between the lines of writing or
printing. On the completion of a line the hand wheel or disc 2, Figure 1, is turned
in the direction of the arrow, Figure 7, the pawl, , is therefore depressed, and the
paper roller can be moved the required distance. One side of the bed S is hinged or
pivoted at to the main frame A of the machine and to the frame B, or in other
convenient manner. The other side is supported upon the arm S2, preferably adjustable
by means of the pin si carried by the tail S₁ of the hinged bed. Or the whole of the
hinged bed S may be rigidly or adjustably attached to the fixed bed A¹.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 :-
The depressing of the pivoted bar main frame A also causes the roller frame R¹ to
be moved longitudinally the necessary distance for spacing the letters. This may be
effected as follows:-
:-
A toothed rack T is supported in brackets & attached to the hinged bed S, and has at
its end a pin t'. The sliding frame R' has pivoted to it a pawl which engages the
teeth of the toothed rack T in one direction only. As the frame A is depressed by the
depression of a key, the rocking spacing lever t³ pivoted at t to the frame B is also
depressed. The tail end of the lever t passes through a fork S, Figures 2 and 13,
or its equivalent carried by a block S³, which slides upon an upright rod S loosely
supported on the fixed bed A' of the machine, and in the bracket S on the frame B.
The said block is unable to move upwards beyond a certain point by reason of the

page_text: fixed pin S³, but is capable of a varying amount of downward movement, such move-
ment being resisted to a certain extent by a spring S, which tends to keep the block
always its elevated position, where it remains when the machine is at rest. On
depressing the machine by means of a type key G or the treadle aforesaid, the tail t
of the spacing lever is held stationary by the lower fork of the block S³, thus causing
the lever to turn on its pivot t¹, and to force the inclined finger t, Figure 1, at its
other end between the pin t¹ of the spacing rack and the side of the bracket t. As
soon as the rack has travelled the required distance it is arrested, as will be hereinafter
explained, and any further downward movement of the pivot t causes the tail to of the
spacing lever to depress the forked block S, in defiance of its spring S. On the key
or treadle being released after the letter is printed the machine is elevated by the
spring A, the block S rises to its upper position and the tail of the spacing lever,
catching the upper fork of the block causes the inclined spacing finger 5 to be with-
drawn, and the rack T is returned to its original position by a spring to.
The type being of different widths it becomes necessary, when a neat and uniform
spacing of the printed matter is a desideratum, to provide means whereby the paper
carrying roller may be moved along through varying distances, according to the width
of the character to be printed. If "W" for instance required the roller to be moved
a distance equivalent to five teeth of the spacing rack, "I" might only require it to be
moved the distance of one or two teeth. The varying spacing is accomplished as
follows: The teeth T of the spacing rack are of such a pitch that the space required
for each different width of letter corresponds to an integral number of teeth in the
rack. Upon the rack is mounted a finger or spacing regulator Q, Figures 1, 3, and 13,
which projects upwards between the type wheel C, and the stop wheel M, and at a
short distance from the face of the latter. On the said face and preferably near the
periphery thereof, is a narrow raised annulus M², the various points in which are raised
more or less from the face of the wheel, as shown in Figure 1, according to the width
of the characters on the type wheel, and have the same relative angular position as the
said characters. For instance, the projection of that portion such as M³ of the annulus
which would correspond to "W" (the widest character) on the type wheel would be
comparatively little, while the projection of the portion such as M³ corresponding to
"1" (the narrowest character) would be comparatively great. The actual difference
between these projections (supposing "W" to equal five teeth on the rack, and "I"
to equal one tooth) would be a distance equal to four teeth, and the aforesaid spacing
regulator would stand normally as in Figure 1, at a distance of one tooth from that
part of the annulus having the greatest projection beyond the wheel face.
In printing
from left to right with this spacing device, the characters on the type wheel are so
arranged that all their right hand edges lie in a plane parallel to the face of the type
wheel. If a letter (say "W") is to be printed, the type wheel being placed in position
by depressing the key corresponding to that letter, and the machine being then
depressed, the inclined spacing finger to draws the rack along as aforesaid until (after
travelling a distance of say five teeth), it is arrested by the regulator coming in contact
with that portion of the said annulus such as M³ which corresponds to the character in
question. Any further movement of the spacing lever is compensated, as hereinbefore
explained, by the spring S°. Similarly, the rack would be drawn along a greater or
less distance according to the particular part of the annulus against which the spacing
regulator would strike. The spacing regulator is preferably spring pivoted to the rack
g; so
that it can move in a direction transversely thereto, (see Figures 1 and 13).
Each time the machine is depressed the regulator Q comes in contact with the stop q
on the catch arm N, or with some other abutment, and turns slightly upon its pivot,
so that its upper extremity always moves approximately in the same vertical plane.
92 is the spring, by which the regulator is returned to its normal position. When the
sliding frame R¹ is to be withdrawn the pawl 2 may be thrown out of gear. If
desired, the pawl 12 may engage the rack in a reverse direction, and the action of the
sloping finger to, and of the spring to may also be reversed so as to actuate the frame R',
in the reverse direction.
at
For the purpose of spacing the words, I provide an additional key V having a

page_text: foot V, which, when the key is depressed causes the sloping finger to to engage
the pin t¹, on the end of the toothed rack T, and this moves the paper carrying
roller forward the necessary distance. This movement of the finger is permitted
by the tail of the spacing lever, by forming the latter with a spring toggle
joint t¹.
When the pressure is removed from the key V it flies up under the
action of spring a', the finger is withdrawn by the straightening of the tail
under the action of the spring of the toggle joint. The rack T being thus
released it moves back as before under the action of spring 8, the pawl riding
over the teeth of the rack. The spacing key V is depressed by tlie pivoted lever V₁,
having a pedal or finger bar V2 which is supported at its other end on a similar
pivoted lever V³. By means of the finger bar V2 the spacing key V may be
worked conveniently by either hand. The letter spacing rack T can be drawn
along to
any suitable distance by depressing the word spacing lever, as
the spacing regulator Q is of such a length that it will not come in contact
with the annulus M on the stop wheel except when the said wheel is depressed
by depressing the main frame A or by other mechanism. I may however, some-
times employ a separate rack for spacing the words, the said rack moving along-
side, but independent of the letter spacing rack. This separate rack is moved
along as before, by depressing the spacing key V which is fitted with an
inclined foot that engages a pin at the end of the rack. The rack is connected
to the paper roller frame by a separate pawl. In either case a suitable stop is
provided, so that the amount of the rack travel is constant, say about five teeth
or the space required for a "W."
The sheet of paper Q₁ is held in position on the roller R by means of a
roller 3, Figures 1 and 3, which lies against the roller R. The roller 23
is mounted between two arms which are pivoted at 10 to the sliding frame.
The roller is held in contact with the paper carrying roller by a spring
which presses against the arm 7, This arm has an extension by means of
which the roller may be drawn away from the roller R when the paper Q₁ is
to be inserted or adjusted. To fix a sheet of paper in the machine, the edge of
the sheet is first slipped under the roller R being guided by the guide 18.
roller is then thrown back, the edge of the paper turned over the carrying
roller, and held in position thereon by releasing the roller ³.
The
Or the paper may be clipped between two small rollers, lying parallel to the paper
carrying roller, and at a short distance to one side thereof. One of these rollers is
carried in bearings in the paper carrying roller frame, while the other is carried by a
second frame spring pivoted to the roller frame, so that it can he thrown back
clear of the paper when the latter is to be inserted or adjusted. The stop wheel
for_spacing the lines may be attached to either of the two clip rollers.
Each type lever J is provided with a stopping device or plate j¹ secured thereto
having projections 13,3 (Figure 9) at its end, for engaging pins or projections k
on the discs K', K, K³, attached to spindle D.
Or the discs K³, K³, K³, may
be simple bosses provided with one or more arms having each a stop pin k. On
the top of the frame B is a horizontal spindle provided at the front end with
a handle U, the other end being fitted with a crank U₁. This crank is connected
with the type key frame H by means of a connecting rod w¹. The type key
frame can be moved longitudinally on the guide rods E by means of the handle U,
so that the projections, on the stop plate will engage the pins k on the
discs K2, when the handle U is in the position shown in Figure 6. When it is
moved towards the left or right the stop plate will engage respectively the
discs K¹, K³. The frame is locked in the desired position by means of the pin u²,
which engages depressions or holes u³ in the spring plate u*.
The type keys bearing their respective letters, figures, symbols, etcetera, may be
arranged as shown on Figure 5, but of course many other arrangements may be
adopted. To print large characters, etcetera, the type frame H is moved longi-
tudinally so that all the stop plates will engage the discs whose projections k
1

page_text: ::
"
correspond with the large characters on the type wheel. Discs K¹ may be con-
veniently used for the large characters. The first type key in the front row is,
for example, depressed which (on Figure 5) is marked with the letter "L," until
its shoulder g rests on the frame H. Its movement depresses the type lever J and
the rocking frame 0, 0, 0³, P, by means of the bar P thereof. The arm 03 of
the said frame depresses the catch arm N, and releases the stop wheel M, so that
the stop wheel will rotate under the action of the spring in barrel F. One of
the projections or 3 of the stop plate j¹ will, however, engage a pin (marked "L,"
Figures 9 and 10) on the disc K corresponding to letter "L on the type wheel,
and will therefore instantly stop the motion of the type wheel C, the letter "L
on the said wheel being then in a position ready for making an impression on
the surface of the paper on the roller R. By a further pressure on the key the
wheel M. is locked in position as before described. If the second key in the same
row is depressed, which in the drawing is marked "P," the stop wheel is released
as before, but the stop plate descends a greater distance than the first key and
therefore does not engage pin "L," (Figures 9 and 10) on the disc K¹, but a
pin "P" (Figures 9 and 10) corresponding to large "P" on the type wheel.
The remaining keys in the row stop the type wheel in an exactly similar manner.
As each key descends a greater or less distance, the stop plate can engage only
one pin on the disc, and it is evident that the remaining pins cannot be engaged
by it, because the projection or on its end is not of sufficient width to engage
more than one pin at a time. The remaining rows of keys are arranged in a
similar way, but it will be evident that the pins on one disc K¹ are not placed
in the same angular position relatively to those on the other discs, but either lead
or follow the pins thereon. If there are, for example, (as shown in the drawing)
seventy-five characters on the type wheel, and all the said characters are the same
pitch or distance apart, then the pins on each of the discs K', K, K³, will lead
or follow the pins on one of the other discs (preferably the one nearest to it)
by an angle subtended by one seventy-fifth part of its circumference, (see Figures 9
and 10). L, P., &, (Figures 9 and 10) represent, for example, the pins on
the first disc K: Z, A, W, ?, represent the pins on the second disc K': X, S, E;
the pins on the third disc K': and so on. I prefer to place the pins on each side
of the discs and on the lines of two circles of different radii, (Figures 9 and 10),
but if desired, the pins may be provided on one side only, or they may be
arranged on the lines of more than two circles. When the pins are arranged
only on one side of the disc, one projection or ³ only is required.
To print Figures, the frame H is shifted on its guide rods so that the stop
plates will engage the discs whose pins correspond with the figures on the type
wheel, preferably the discs K². There are generally only a limited number of
symbols and figures required for general use, and therefore a limited number of
pins will be required on these discs. The third and fourth keys in the first row
are marked, for example, with "" and "2," and therefore its disc will be pro-
vided with two pins corresponding with the fraction "" and the number "2" on the
type wheel. These pins are represented on Figure 10 by "1" and "2." The second disc,
in accordance with the arrangement of keys illustrated on Figure 5, will be provided
with one pin represented by 3 on Figure 10, the fifth disc with two pins represented
on Figure 10 by ?, 6, and so on. The first two keys in the first row ("P" and "L")
and the three first keys in the second row, ("W," "A," "Z,") will not engage any
projection on discs K2, if they are depressed. The small plates g' on the rear key of
each row are only provided for convenience, as there is generally not sufficient space
for the representation of more than one character on a type key.
To print small characters the frame H may be shifted so that the stop plates j¹
engage the discs having pins in the same relative position as the small characters on
the type wheel, preferably the discs K³. The first disc K³, will therefore, have pins
represented on Figure 10 by "1," "p." "," and "&"
"W" is a warning hell preferably attached to the hinged bed S.
The pivoted

page_text: projecting pin or snug w, actuates the hammer w¹ each time the frame approaches the
end of its travel, and thus indicates when the end of a line is nearly reached. The
pawl 2 can then be raised, and the paper roller drawn back to commence a fresh
line of printing. The snug w being pivoted, only actuates the hammer in one
direction.
If it is desired to repeat the impression of a character, the corresponding key may
be again depressed, or the character may be repeated without the depression of the key,
and consequent rotation of the type wheel, by simply pressing upon the frame H, or on
some portion of the pivoted frame A.
:-
I ink the type previous to each impression as follows:-
The ink is placed upon an absorptive pad Y, Figure 4, attached to a disc or plate Y¹,
having a stem Y². The stem Y is carried by a socket y' forming the depending arm
of a bell crank lever Y³, which is mounted loosely on the type wheel spindle, prefer-
ably between the type wheel and stop wheel. The other arm Y₁ of the bell crank is
pivoted to the upper end of an oscillating link Y', whose lower end is pivoted at YⓇ to
the fixed machine bed A', or other fixed point. Each time the machine is depressed
the pad Y is drawn along the type which is about to print, and swung out of the way
of the paper roller R. Or the ink might be placed on a roller or rollers, bearing
against the edge of the type wheel, the type being inked as the wheel revolved. The
stem Y2 is held in its socket by the spring y², so that the pad Y just touches the type
on wheel C.
When a spring is used for driving the type wheel, it may be automatically rewound
as follows:-
One end of the spring F1, is attached to the spindle D. The other end is fixed to
the spring barrel F. To take the weight of the spring winding mechanism off the
shaft D, the barrel F is provided at one end with a long journal or bearing collar F³,
which fits over a stationary boss D2 on the side of the frame B. On the end of this
collar is a ratchet wheel. The outer surface of the collar F3, between the barrel F and
ratchet forms a bearing for the eye of the heavy pendulum F4. This eye carries
an arm F, bearing a ratchet pawl, which gears with the ratchet f³. As the machine
is oscillated about its pivots A2, the pendulum swings to and fro imparting a similar
movement to the pawl 2. The latter rotates the ratchet wheel f³, which, being in
rigid connection with barrel F winds up the spring F¹ in the said barrel.
also put an adjustable brake on the spring box or type wheel spindle, to reduce the
speed of the latter, and so to lessen the concussion between the disc pins k and the
stop plates or fingers 2, j³, carried by the type levers J.
I may
Or instead of the pendulum arrangement for rewinding the spring, the latter may
be automatically rewound by means of the treadle aforesaid, as follows:-
A short arm, one end of which works freely on the collar F3 or other suitable pivot,
carries a pawl engaging with the ratchet f³ on the said collar. The outer end of the
arms rests upon the upper end of a stiff spring finger attached to the bed or table of
the machine. As the machine is depressed, the pawl arm, resting on the spring
finger, rotates slightly on the collar F³, and thereby causes the ratchet to be rotated in
such a manner as to wind up the spring. Should the spring be fully wound up, any
subsequent depression of the machine causes the spring finger to bend or to slip along
the ratchet arm.
The bottom of the hinged bed carrying the paper roller frame is preferably made
telescopic as shown at R², Figures 3 and 11, so that it may be drawn out and form an
additional support to the overhanging frame R'.
It must be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to the exact details of the
apparatus herein described, as the same may be modified without materially altering
the nature of the invention.
For instance, instead of using the treadle mechanism for drawing down the machine
frame, A, I may make the latter a fixture and use the treadle for raising the paper
carrying roller frame S.
Or the latter might be raised each time a key is depressed, by connecting the tail $¹

page_text: to a rearward extension or the arm 0, of the rocking frame
similar frame.
Also, instead of employing the treadle to depress the machine or raise the roller
frame direct, I may merely make it a means of operating, releasing, or reinforcing
other primary mechanism or source of power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. A type writing machine in which the type are arranged on the periphery of a
type wheel having a tendency to revolve under the action of a constant source of
power but prevented from revolving (except when a type key or its equivalent is
depressed) by the interlocking of a catch with a nick or its equivalent on the periphery
of a stop wheel, substantially as described.
2. In a type writer having a series of parallel pivoted ievers such as J, a rocking
frame (as POO¹ 0³) retained in its upper or normal position by a spring or its
equivalent, provided with a bar P resting against the underside of the said levers, and
with a depending link such as n¹, n², connected at its lower extremity to the catch arm
of the stop wheel, whereby the said wheel is released alike by the depression of any
one of the said levers J irrespective of its position in the key frame, substantially as
shown and described.
3. In a type writer, the combination with a spring raised main frame carrying a
vertical type wheel, of a paper carrying roller lying below the said wheel, and parallel
to the axis thereof, of a movable bed S supporting the said roller and hinged at one
side to the main frame but supported at the opposite side upon a stationary abutment,
and of a key frame placed above the axis of said type wheel, and adapted to be
pressed upon by any of its keys, whereby the downward pressure on any one of said
keys depresses the said main frame, and brings the type wheel down upon the paper
carrying roller, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. In a type writer, the combination with a pivoted main frame and with a stop
wheel on the type wheel shaft, of a pivoted catch arm placed below said wheel, and
carrying a catch for locking the same, of an abutment located below said arm and
adapted to strike it when the said main frame is depressed, of a jointed link such
as n, n, supporting the free end of said arm and capable of doubling up under a slight
upward pressure, and of a spring J' for straightening said arm, on the release of a key,
whereby the type wheel is locked in position during the descent of the main frame,
and previous to printing, and remains locked until again released by the depression of
a key.
5. In a type writer the combination of a spring pivoted main frame such as herein
described, and of a treadle mechanism: for depressing said frame, substantially as set
fortli.
6. In a type writer, a spring pivoted main frame A carrying a spring driven type
wheel C, in combination with a pawl and ratchet device actuated by the depression of
said frame for the purpose of automatically rewinding the driving spring during the
operation of the machine, substantially as described.
7. In a type writer, the combination with a type wheel having the characters
arranged thereon as herein described, of a wheel or disc on the type wheel shaft,
carrying on one face a concentric ring of projections having the same relative angular
positions as the characters on the type wheel, and having their relative heights corre-
sponding to the relative widths of said characters, and of a spacing regulator carried
by a reciprocatory spacing rack and extending upwards in proximity to the said pro-
jections; whereby, when the rack (with the paper carrying roller) is drawn along, by
the spacing mechanism the said regulator will strike one of the projections, and arrest
the paper carrying roller as soon as the latter has travelled a distance corre-
sponding to the width of the character to be printed, substantially as shown and
described.

page_text: 8. In a type writer, the combination with a spacing rack T reciprocated at each
spacing operation, and with a rack pin ton said rack, of a rocking spacing lever t³
carried by a pivoted main frame, of a spring raised block S adapted to engage the
tail end of the said lever as described, and of an inclined spacing finger on the
opposite end of said lever and adapted to engage the said rack pin and draw the rack
along each time the said main frame is depressed, substantiaily as and for the purpose
set forth.