IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING SOCKETED PIPES AND OTHER SOCKETED OR FLANGED EARTHENWARE ARTICLES."
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Smith of Leicester in the County of Leicester
Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING SOCKETED
PIPES AND OTHER SOCKETED OR FLANGED EARTHENWARE ARTICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1883.
"
GEORGE SMITH of Leicester in the County of Leicester, Engineer 'IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING SOCKETED PIPES AND OTHER SOCKETED OR FLANGED'
EARTHENWARE ARTICLES."
This invention relates to apparatus for producing both double and single socketed
or flanged pipe, chimney pots with flanges, bases beads or other projections at one
or both ends, and other hollow or shaped earthenware goods having flanges or
equivalent portions thereon such as bowls, pans and similar articles.
In carrying out my invention the moulding or pressing apparatus may be
combined with an ordinary pug mill in which case the charging of the moulds and
the moulding or pressing will be performed mechanically and at one operation, or
the apparatus may be separate from the pug mill in which case the charging of the
moulds will be effected by hand.
In the combined pug mill and moulding apparatus it is preferred that the mould
shall be arranged vertically below the pug mill.
In the lower part of the pug mill is arranged concentrically a conical guide
which serves to guide the plastic material to a central opening in a die plate which
closes the bottom of the mill.
To the underside of this cone and projecting through the die plate so as to leave
an annular space, is secured a hollow core of the shape necessary to form the inside
of the socket at one end of the pipe. Into this hollow core enters a second core
which is intended to form the body of the pipe.
This body core rests on end on and is secured to a table to which a rising and
falling motion is given by means of an arrangement of cams cranks or levers
actuated through a chain of gearing or a band from the prime mover. The mould
which also rests on the table may be formed in two or more parts which are hinged
'

page_text: or otherwise suitably connected together. Inside the mould and resting also on the
table may be placed an annular shaped core to form a socket at the opposite end of
the pipe, or if a pipe with a socket at one end only is required this core will be
replaced by an annular filling piece.
The operation of this apparatus is as follows:-the pug mill is set to work and
presses the plastic material through the die plate into the mould. As soon as the
mould is full, which can be ascertained by the plastic material issuing from an
escape hole, the pug mill is stopped and the table carrying the mould is raised which
causes the body core to enter the socket core and the mould to enter the opening in
the die plate. By which means the plastic material in the mould is cut off from
that in the pug mill. The table is then lowered which has the effect of drawing
the body core out of the mould leaving the mould pendent from the die plate.
A table suitably hinged to the frame of the machine, and carrying a board or
metal plate is then swung round to receive the mould with the formed article
enclosed therein. The mould is now opened and removed, and the formed article
is carried away by an attendant on the board or plate to be dried preparatory to
firing.
When the moulding apparatus is separate from the pug mill I prefer to place the
mould horizontally, and I attach it to a swinging block keyed to a shaft placed
longitudinally and centrally of the machine, so that when the moulding operation
is completed, the mould and its contents may be swung over clear of the apparatus
preparatory to the article being removed from the mould.
The mould, which may be formed in two or more parts, receives the body core
with the plastic material arranged around it to the required thickness, by hand,
and the mould is closed up. The mould is then swung over onto the machine for
the moulding operation.
The cores or plungers for forming the sockets at either end of the length of pipe
are placed vertically of the machine and are arranged to slide in suitable guides,
being brought up to their work by means of screws, cains levers or link rods worked
in any convenient manner from the prime mover.
The socket cores or plungers are hollow as in the former case and are arranged
to slide on the central core, by which means the position of the core in the centre
of the mould is always ensured.
When the moulding is completed the socket cores or plungers are withdrawn, the
mould is swung over to the side of the machine, the central core is removed, the
mould is opened and the moulded article is removed on a metal plate or board
carried by a table hinged or otherwise secured to the machine.
If desired, the mould may be so connected to the swinging block as to be capable
of swivelling to. bring the mould into a vertical position preparatory to removing
the moulded article.
The apparatus above described is more particularly designed for moulding a
special form of double socketed pipe, but it is equally applicable to moulding single
socket pipes, and other articles formed with a flange, socket or equivalent part.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
July 1883.
GEORGE SMITH of Leicester in the County of Leicester Engineer " IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR MOULDING SOCKETED PIPES AND OTHER SOCKETED OR FLANGED
EARTHENWARE ARTICLES "
This Invention relates to apparatus for producing both double and single
socketed or flanged pipes, chimney pots with flanges, bases, beads or other
projections at one or both ends and other hollow or shaped earthenware goods
having flanges or equivalent portions thereon such as bowls pans and similar
articles.
In carrying out my Invention the apparatus for moulding and pressing clay may
be combined with an ordinary pug mill in which case the charging of the mould
and the moulding or pressing will be performed mechanically and at one operation.
Or the apparatus may be separate from the pug mill in which case the charging of
the mould will be effected by hand.
In Sheet I of the accompanying Drawings Fig: 1 is a front elevation and
Fig: 2 a side elevation of my improved moulding apparatus combined with a pug
mill which serves to feed the plastic material to the moulding apparatus.
A is the pug mill cylinder supported by standards A' and fitted with radial
blades and an archimedean screw for delivering the clay to the shaping mould B is
a rising and falling table which carries the mould C, in this case constructed for
moulding double socketed pipes.
To this table B is fitted the core D of the mould.-This core consists of a
cylinder with a foot so shaped as to constitute a mould for the lower socket of the
pipe to be moulded and to form also a base with an annular recess for the mould C
to fit into. This mould which is shown detached at Figures 3 and 4 Sheet II is
divided longitudinally preferably into three parts which are hinged together and
are rebated at their ends so as to provide for the formation of sockets on the pipe.
-The hinged mould which is retained in a closed position by a latch or equivalent
fastening is supported by a horizontal arm C₁ projecting from and capable of
sliding upon one of the standards A-The mould is attached to this arm by means
of bolts. A stop c fitted to the back standard is provided for limiting the
downward movement of the arm C' and consequently of the mould C attached
thereto.
The bottom of the pug mill is fitted with a die E the central opening in which
will correspond with the outer diameter of the top end of the mould.
The inner face of the mould at this part is rebated to allow of the formation of
a socket at the upper end of the pipe and the thickness of this part of the mould
corresponds by preference with the thickness of the pipe to be moulded. Within
the die plate E and pendent from the cylinder A of the pug mill is a hollow block
or bell shaped piece F which closes the bottom of the pug mill leaving only an
annular opening between it and the die plate E for the delivery of the prepared
clay from the pug mill into the mould C.
Projecting down from this hollow block is a cylindrical extension of the inner
diameter of which corresponds with the outer diameter of the core D while the
outer diameter of this extension f corresponds with and serves to mould the inner
diameter of the socket of the pipe.
The upper end of the mould C underlies the annular opening between the
die plate E and hollow block F for the purpose to be presently explained.
When the mould is to be filled it is raised to the position shown in Fig: 3 that

page_text: is slightly above the bottom of the die plate, but still leaving open the passage for
the clay into the mould.-When the mould is filled which will be shown by an
escape of clay through a small vent c¹ in the mould the rotation of the pug mill
must be stopped.-The table is then to be raised to effect the compression of the
clay in the mould and to separate the clay in the mould from the clay on its
passage to the mould.
As the table is raised the core D will rise in the hollow block F and at the
same time the mould C will enter the annular space before mentioned and the fixed
hollow block by offering resistance to the clay in the rising mould will impart the
requisite pressure thereto thereby ensuring the moulding of a perfect pipe. When
the requisite pressure has been put upon the moulded article the table is allowed to
drop to the dotted position of Fig: 2 and carry with it the core D below the
mould. At the same time the mould will drop clear of the die plate into a position
for discharging the moulded pipe therefrom, its descent being arrested by the
stop c
For the purpose of receiving the pipe a swinging table G is provided, which
turns on a fulcrum pin carried by one of the standards A¹.
Placed upon this table G is a loose board g which is brought under the mould
and close thereto, the swinging table being adjustable vertically to suit the mould
in use.
When the board is thus brought under the mould to receive the moulded article
the mould is opened as indicated by dotted lines in Fig: 4 and the pipe being
released therefrom,-is carried on the board from the machine, the table G being
first returned to its normal position
The shaft carrying the pug mill blades and screw is rotated from any prime
mover from which also the rising and falling motion of the table B is derived.
This table is mounted upon a guide rod B¹ which slides freely through a guide
forined for it in the bed of the moulding machine.-Fitted to the lower end of this
guide rod is a cross pin for attaching to the rod a pair of links B* which links are
jointed at their upper ends to a pair of levers B³ that have their fulcrum on a
horizontal rod carried by standards B bolted to the bed plate of the machine, in
rear of the back standard A¹.
Fitted to a cross bar of the levers B³ is a pair of bowles b which severally enter
cam grooves formed in the sides of a pair of cog wheels B mounted on a cross
shaft carried by standards B bolted to the bed plate.-In gear with these
wheels B³ is a pair of pinions B' keyed to a cross shaft fitted with band pulleys for
receiving motion from a prime mover.
the
The cut of the cams is such as to provide for the proper rising and falling
motions of the table B which motions occur while the pug mill is quiescent.
When the table has been raised to the position shown in Figures 1 and
pugmill is started to deliver the clay into the mould C.-A dwell of the cams at
this time comes into action to retain the mould in the filling position and in order
practically to lengthen this dwell the driving belt is shifted to the loose pulley
where it remains until the mould is filled.
When this has taken place the pug mill will as before explained be thrown out
of action and the cams will be set in action
The cams in completing their rotation in the direction of the arrow will lift the
mould to the extent required for compressing the clay which it has just received.
The return motion of the table will then commence and when it has moved
down to the dotted position bringing with it the core D out of the mould the
rotation of the cams will cease by reason of the attendant (or by a stop motion
provided for the purpose) shifting the driving belt from the fast to the loose pulley.
It is at this time that the swinging table G is to be brought forward with its loose
board to receive the moulded article as it is released from the mould by the
opening of the same as already explained.
When the moulded pipe has been discharged from the machine as shewn at
Fig 4 the mould C is closed and the machinery is set in action as before.
.

page_text: It will be understood that the moulds and cores as well as the die plates and
hollow blocks used in this machine will vary in size and shape according to the
nature of the articles desired to be moulded.-The variation however in the form
of the hollow articles produced will be limited to such as will admit of the facile
removal of the core therefrom.
Fig 5 shows a modification of the moulding instruments suitable for moulding
single socketed pipes.
When it is desired to form articles with a closed end as for example a crucible
as shewn at Fig: 5* the block F is made solid or with a flat under face as shewn
at Fig 6 Sheet II and the core D is also made with a corresponding face-The
like remark applies to the moulding of a pippin or a bowl as indicated at Fig. 6ª.
The operation of moulding this class of article is precisely similar to that above
described with reference to socketed pipes.
Fig 7 shews a further modification of the moulding instrument for the
production of a hexagonal chimney pot.
The core may if desired be slightly tapered to facilitate its withdrawal from the
moulded article As the mould is jointed it will admit of raised ornamentation
being formed on the chimney pot as shewn in the drawing.
In Sheet III I have shown in several views an arrangement of apparatus for
moulding and pressing pipes and other articles without the application of the pug
mill thereto. Fig: 8 is a side elevation of this apparatus Fig: 9 is an end view and
Fig 10 a plan view of the same.
A is a frame of cast iron fitted at its opposite ends with guides for receiving
slides B B. Between these slides is mounted a mould C similar in construction to
that already described.-In this mould C is placed the plastic material in the form
of a cylinder and the core D is then inserted therein.
In Sheet II Fig: 11 shows in section on an enlarged scale the mould and core
together with the devices employed for imparting the requisite pressure to the
plastic compound within the mould. This mould is mounted on a block C¹ carried
by a longitudinal shaft C² mounted in suitable bearings in the frame A-The
mould is connected to this block through a slotted plate C3 carried by the block C'.—
In this plate two segment slots are formed for receiving two screw bolts c which
are inserted into the mould and carry clamping nuts c' for securing the mould in
any desired position to the fixed plate C³.
These slots forn a quarter circle and are intended to permit of the mould
turning thereon to a corresponding extent.-The block C₁ is keyed to its
longitudinal shaft and on the shaft is also keyed a worm wheel C in gear
which is a worm C³ carried by a cross shaft, to which a hand wheel Co for turning
it, is fitted.
with
By rotating this wheel the mould may be turned over to the side of the frame A
as shown by dots in Fig: 10 and it will then be in a position for being set on end
preparatory to the release of the moulded article therefrom.
E is a table adjustable vertically for receiving the moulded article from the
opened mould Standing up from the inner ends of the slides B are disc-shaped
brackets B¹ which are intended to receive dies F F arranged concentrically with
the mould C and core D.-These dies serve not only to mould the ends of the
pipe or other article but also to compress the plastic compound inserted in the
mould.
Pendent from the underside of the slides B are adjustable blocks B³ to which
are attached links B³ that connect with adjustable crank pins carried by spur
wheels B-These spur wheels are mounted on transverse shafts carried by the
frame A and they are driven by an intermediate pinion B³ keyed to a transverse
shaft carried by suitable bearings and fitted also with a spur wheel B' in gear with
a pinion on the main driving shaft B'.
As rotary motion is imparted to this shaft the dies F will be caused to advance
towards the mould, compress the material contained therein and rotire clear of
the mould.

page_text: When this is effected the belt of the driving shaft must be shifted to the loose
pulley to put the dies out of action.-The core is now removed and the attendant
can then by means of the hand wheel C turn over the mould to the dotted
position of Fig: 10 ready for being swung into the vertical position and delivering
the moulded article onto the table E.
For this purpose the mould now in a vertical position is opened the table having
previously been raised to take the weight of the moulded article-When the mould
is opened the moulded article is readily removed therefrom.
It will be understood that the moulding instruments in this machine as in that
first described admit of variation in form to suit the articles desired to be moulded
and compressed and for this purpose they are made readily detachable from the
machine.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improved apparatus for
moulding socketed pipes and other socketed or flanged earthenware articles" and
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood
that under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim :-
First: The improved apparatus above described with reference to Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawings, whereby, through the endway motion of the mould, the
plastic compound supplied thereto is compressed within the mould and cut off from
that in the supply cylinder.
Secondly: The means above described for supporting and actuating the mould
for the purpose set forth.
Thirdly The means above described for facilitating the withdrawal of the core
and the removal of the moulded article from the mould.
Fourthly: The arrangement of apparatus described with reference to Figures 8,
9. 10 and 11, for moulding and compressing socketed pipes and other articles, and
facilitating their removal from the mould.
In witness whereof I the said George Smith have hereunto set my hand and
seal the twentieth day of July in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty three.
AHARAN
AUTY