Improvements in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1892-Accepted, 29th Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by THE GAS MOTOREN FABRIK DEUTZ, of Koeln-
Deutz, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturers.]
Improvements in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the Connty of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Motor engines that are worked by the combustion of a mixture of air and heavy
hydrocarbon vapour require to be heated for some time before starting.
The present invention has for its object to shorten such time of heating as much
as possible and to enable the engine to be started with ease. For this purpose the
following arrangement is employed.
Above the explosion chamber projecting horizontally from the end of the cylinder
is formed a vaporising and mixing chamber into which the petroleum spray and
the necessary air supply for admixture therewith are introduced in any suitable
known manner, the former being vaporised by the heat transmitted through the
wall of the explosion chamber. The air supply is introduced through a passage
that can be closed by means of a shut-off valve.
The mixture of vapour and air is admitted from the vaporising chamber to the
explosion chamber by a valve closed by a spring so as to open automatically at the
suction stroke of the engine piston.
A part of the vaporising chamber is made to project beyond the end of
the explosion chamber, so as to be situated over the gas or lamp flame that heats
the igniting tube of the explosion chamber, and thus to be directly heated
thereby.
The top of this extension of the vaporising chamber has a cup shaped projection
into which opens a branch pipe from the main petroleum supply pipe, provided with
a shut-off cock.
The interior of the cup communicates by small passages with an internal coned
seating in the extension of the vaporising chamber, on which seats a spring valve
opening inwards, and air supply passages also lead from the outer air round the
outside of the said cup to the said seating, so that both the petroleum and the air
passages are closed by the valve.
The action of the above described parts is as follows.
Before starting the engine, the petroleum supply from the main pipe and the air
supply for the ordinary working are cut off by closing their valves, and the said
projecting part of the vaporising chamber having become considerably heated by the
said flame, petroleum is admitted into the cup from the branch pipe and the crank-
shaft is turned so as to start the piston on its suction stroke; the partial vacuum
thus formed in the explosion chamber and vaporising chamber will then cause the
valve on the underside of the cup to be forced open by the atmospheric pressure,
whereupon the oil from the cup and atmospheric air enter through the said passages,
and in impinging together upon the highly heated surfaces of the extension of the
vaporising chamber the petroleum becomes vaporised and the air supply becomes
heated, and the resulting hot explosive mixture then enters the explosion chamber
through the inlet valve, and on being compressed by the return stroke of the
piston, the charge is ignited by the heated igniting tube and causes the piston to
perform its working outstroke."
This action having been repeated a few times, the explosion and vaporising
chambers will have become heated throughout to the requisite degree, whereupon
the stop cock on the branch petroleum supply pipe is closed and that on the main

page_text: supply pipe is opened, as is also the valve in the main air supply passage, so that
now the ordinary charges of petroleum and air are drawn into the vaporising
chamber and pass thence into the explosion chamber for working the engine in the
usual way.
Dated this 31st day of Donambar 1901
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum or Oil Motor Engines.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Motor engines that are worked by the combustion of a mixture of air and
heavy hydrocarbon vapour require to be heated for some time before starting.
The present invention has for its object to shorten such time of heating as much
as possible and to enable the engine to be started with ease. For this purpose an
arrangement of apparatus is employed which will describe with reference to the
accompanying drawing in which
Fig. 1 shews a part vertical longitudinal section of the engine cylinder with
explosion chamber, and devices in connection therewith.
Fig. 2 shews an enlarged vertical section of the auxiliary valve o.
Lis the explosion chamber of the cylinder in which the mixture of air and
petroleum or oil vapour is ignited by the igniting tube z on the charge having been
compressed.
Above the chamber is a vaporising chamber d into which the air required for
the explosive charge is admitted through a passage b, in which is provided a
throttle or other valve by which the admission of air can be cut off. The oil
supply passes into the vaporising chamber through a pipe a with a finely perforated
rose c, and the air entering through 6 in impinging upon the petroleum spray
issuing from c, mixes intimately therewith, and this mixture after becoming heated
by contact with the hot external surface u of the explosion chamber, so as to
vaporise the petroleum, passes through valve e into the explosion chamber, the
valve being kept closed by a spring and opened automatically by atmospheric
pressure on the suction stroke of the engine piston.
:
For the purpose of starting the engine, the following additional devices are
employed a valve o held closed by a spring o', opens into the vaporising chamber d
at a point above the extended wall y of the chamber which is heated directly by
the flame of the lamp r which also serves to heat the igniting tube z.
The valve o closes firstly small openings leading from a cup o* into which oil
can be admitted from a branch pipe a' on the pipe a, provided with stop cocks m
and i; secondly the valve also closes passages q leading from the atmosphere.
The action of the apparatus is as follows.
When the engine requires to be started, the lamp having been lit, so as to heat
both the igniting tube z and the wally of the chamber d, the valve & in the air
supply passage b is closed as is also the stop cock m on the oil supply, while the
cock i is opened so as to admit oil into the cup o³. On the engine piston being now
made to perform its suction stroke by turning the fly wheel by hand the valve e
will open so as to cause a reduction of pressure to be effected in the vaporising
chamber.
The atmospheric pressure will then force open the valve o, thereby admitting oil
spray through the small passages r, and air through the passages q, and this mixture
in impinging directly upon the heated surface y, will become heated so as to
vaporize the petroleum and form an explosive mixture, which on entering the

page_text: explosion chamber and becoming compressed by the compression stroke of the
piston, will be ignited and will propel the piston through its working stroke. After
this action has been repeated a few times, the other parts of the vaporising
chamber will have become sufficiently heated to effect the vaporisation of the
petroleum by contact with the surface u, whereupon the cock m on the main
petroleum supply pipe a is opened as is also the valve x of the air supply, and the
cock i of the branch supply is closed. The valve o being thus thrown out of action,
the engine is now worked by the oil and air supply from a and b in the ordinary
manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
In a petroleum or oil motor engine, the combination with a vaporising chamber
on the explosion chamber of the engine, of an automatic valve o, which closes
auxiliary air and oil supply passages y and r, a stop cock m for closing the ordinary
oil supply pipe a, a valve x for closing the ordinary air supply passage b, an
auxiliary oil supply pipe a' with stop cock i, and an extended wall y of the
vaporising chamber heated by a lamp, so that for starting the engine, the valves m
and are closed while valve i is opened so as to admit oil and air through the
valve o to the heated part y of the vaporising chamber and thus form a heated
explosive charge that passes through valve e into the explosion chamber, substantially
as described.
Dated this 13th day of September 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.