IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ebenezer Abram Slater, of 6, Wood Street,
Cheapside, George William Schollar, of 96, Balls Pond Road,
Islington, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ebenezer Abram Slater
and George William Schollar at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th August 1871.
We, EBENEZER ABRAM SLATER, of 6, Wood Street, Cheapside,
GEORGE WILLIAM SOHOLLAR, of 96, Balls Pond Road, Islington, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS, AND OF FABRICS TO HE USED IN SUCH
Manufacture," to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to strengthen and protect from wear
those parts of the silk coverings of umbrellas which most require
protection.

page_text: The places at which the silk covers of umbrellas frequently wear out
are at the point where they are secured around the stick, the outer odgo
of the cover and the central part of the cover where it comes above the
joints where the stretchers are connected to the ribs. To strengthen
and protect these parts of the silk covering, I form the silk fabric from
which the covering is constructed with three protecting stripes at the
back, say of a width of about three or four inches, one along each
border, and one across the centre of the fabric, or such stripes might bo
formed along the borders only of the fabric. These strengthening or
protecting stripes are formed at the back of the silk fabric by additional :
warps which may be of some cheaper material than silk, say for example
of cotton, introduced at the parts to be protected. The extra warps at
the back can be woven into a twill or satin, whilst the facing may be.
a twill or tabby weaving. When the cover of an umbrella is made up
in the ordinary manner from a fabric woven as above described with:
protecting stripes at the back the stripes will pass all around the cover,
one stripe being around the outer edge or border, one around the top
notch, and one around that part of the cover which comes above the
joints where the stretchers are connected to the ribs.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Ebenezer Abram Slater and George William
Schollar in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 28th February
1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EBENEZER
ABRAM SLATER, of 6, Wood Street, Cheapside, and GEORGE WILLIAM 2
SCHOLLAR, of 96, Balls Pond Road, Islington, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, 3
give and grant unto us, the said Ebenezer Abram Slater and George
William Schollar, Her special license, that we, the said Ebenezer
Abram Slater and Georgo William Schollar, our executors, adminis-

page_text: parts to be protected. The fabric wherever these stripes are produced
is thus formed of two cloths woven together, one forming the face
and the other the back. When the additional warps at the back are
of cotton or material cheaper than silk we prefer that they should
be woven into a twill or satin, whilst for the face a tabby or twill or 5
other desired tie may be adopted. By tieing in the back warps with
a twill or satin tie, the back warps are only drawn into the front or
face fabric as often as is required for uniting the back and face fabrics
together. If the extra warps and the warps for the face are both
of silk the tie either for the back or face warps may be a tabby or ]
twill or other desired tie, for example the face may be a twill and the
back a tabby weaving, or vice versa. Cotton or other fabrics for covering
umbrellas may similarly be woven with protecting stripes at the back.
When the cover of an umbrella is made up in the ordinary manner
from a fabric woven as above described with protecting stripes at the 1
back the stripes will pass all around the cover, one stripe being around
the outer edge or border, one around the top notch, and one around
that part of the cover which comes above the joints where the stretchers,
are connected to the ribs, and will thus afford protection to those parts
of the silk facing which are most exposed to wear. In some cases a
in place of weaving the fabric with protecting stripes at the back as
above described, the whole of the fabric might similarly be woven
double and with the face of silk, whilst the back is of cotton or some
cheaper material than silk.
•

page_text: 3. The manufacture of coverings of umbrellas from fabrics woven in
the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ebenezer Abram Slater, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
two.