Improvements in Machines for Casting Lines of Type for use in Printing.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Sept., 1893-Accepted, 9th Dec., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Casting Lines of Type for use in
Printing.
I, BENJAMIN WILLCOX, of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of Loudon,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been
communicated to me from abroad by Wilbur Stephen Scudder, No. of 94 Clinton
Avenue, Brooklyn, Kings County, in the State of New York, United States of
America, Machinist,) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to mechanism for producing bodies or slugs of metal, or
other material, of suitable shape, carrying at one edge characters, representing a
line of words, figures, signs or other characters which it may be desired to use in
the art of printing.
While the material operated on may be any material suitable for the purpose,
the machine, its mode of operation and resultant product, will be described in
connection with what is known as type metal, which latter, in the operation of the
machine, is cast in the form of bars or slugs, of proper length and height, which
when assembled may be used to print from directly, or for the production of
stereotype matrices.
The invention involves, generally speaking, two steps namely assembling a
number of matrices in line, and impressing or reproducing the characters borne by
those matrices in or upon a suitable material of proper consistency to take the
impression, which steps are not new either separately considered or in combination.
In the first essay in this direction, after the series of matrices has been assembled
in line, the line of characters represented by those characters were (as a stereotype
itself or as a stereotype mould) reproduced by impressing the same upon or in a
material of such nature and consistency as to receive and retain the impression-
this method of making a stereotype or a stereotype mould being an old one, in a
general sense, at the time the employment of a series of independent matrices to
be assembled so as to bring their characters together in any desired sequence to
produce therefrom a line of type matter, was first suggested and devised.
Subsequently the reproduction of the line from such assembled matrices was
effected by casting; the line of matrices closing one end of a mould, into the
opposite end of which type metal was injected by means of a pump from a melting
pot. This method of reproduction was an equally old one in a general way, and
had before been employed for the making of type, or bars, which in some instances
bore only one letter or character, and in other instances bore a plurality of
characters.
Heretofore in machines of the kind in question, the matrices from which the
line is to be formed have consisted each, either of a long bar bearing thereon in
intaglio the entire alphabet or other characters to be used, or of a short bar
having only a single letter or character in intaglio thereon. In the first system
the necessarily great length of the matrix bars prevents their being handled and
brought to the proper points to arrange their respective types to form the desired
line of characters with accuracy and practicable speed; while in the second system
the immense number of individual matrices to be stored and provided for demands
a large and complicated machine.
The matrix bars devised according to this invention differ materially from either
of the foregoing neither the single character matrixes, nor on the other hand has
it been attempted to combine the entire series of characters upon one matrix bar.
It has been found that the various letters, or characters, can be divided into
groups, each containing characters which may be conveniently borne by a single

page_text: body piece or bar of uniform width and thickness throughout. For example, with
ninety six different letters and characters, it has been found that these can be
divided into eight groups of twelve characters each, and that the characters of
each group can be arranged, so as to fulfil all required printing conditions, upon a
bar the body part of which may be and in practice is of uniform width and
thickness. In this way the number of different matrices as compared with the
system in which single character matrices are used is greatly reduced, employing
only eight different species of matrix bars, against ninety six which would be
required in a single character matrix machine using that number of characters.
At the same time the length of the bars is very materially cut down as compared
with the system in which long matrix bars, carrying each the whole assortment of
characters, are used, and the taper. formation of the bars which is a necessity in
the last named syrtem when the bars are solid may be done away with. They also
can be, and are, entirely disconnected from the machine in which they are used, in
the sense that, while delivered from their magazine, assembled, carried to the
casting point, returned therefrom, and redistributed to their appropriate magazine
compartments, they have no permanent connection, either with any portion of the
mechanism by which this sequence of operations is effected or indeed with any
portion of the machine. They are simply loose, disconnected bars which by
successive mechanisms are taken care of and caused to pass through a certain
cycle of movement in the machine.
The new bars themselves are narrow metallic strips, carrying on one edge a
number of intaglio type-a convenient number being twelve, as herein before
suggested. Upon the opposite edge are notches coincident with the twelve letters,
which notches are alike in every instance and for every matrix bar, and are
intended for aligning purposes. From the upper end of each bar extends a hook ;
the hooks of the individual members of the same species have the same height,
but as between the different species of bars the hooks of each differ in height from
all of the others. This gives individuality to each group or species so far as the
hooks are concerned (these hooks being selecting devices by means of which the
bars can be caused to engage the devices by which they are returned to their
respective magazine compartments) and secures accurate and ready distribution as
will hereinafter appear.
For the purpose of using these matrix bars, a machine has been devised which
can best be explained and understood by reference to the drawings accompanying
and forming part of this Specification.
It is sufficient to say in the way of preliminary explanation, that it is a machine
in which the matrices, after having been assembled in line, are conveyed to a
point where the line is justified, and thence to a point where the type bar is cast
from the line; and that then they are returned to a point where they are
distributed and carried back to their appropriate chambers in the magazine from
which they were originally taken.
The matrices are stored in a magazine having a separate chamber for each
species. Each chamber is closed by a gate which controls the delivery of the
matrices therefrom, and the gates are operated and controlled by a system of
levers and keys. The keyboard, of course, has as many keys as there are letters
- or characters-which we will suppose to be ninety six; but as these characters
are divided into groups of twelve, oue for each species (eight in all) of the matrix
bars, then twelve keys, representing the several characters of any one group, must
each one individually control one and the same gate appropriate to the magazine
chamber containing the species of matrix bars by which this group is borne.
The matrix bars, as they are delivered, drop into an assembly box from which
they are pushed one at a time by an ejector, which thrusts them forward into a
race-way bordered on one edge by an aligning bar that enters the appropriate
aligning notch on one edge of the matrix bar.
Manifestly, however, the matrix in its downward movement must be arrested at
that point which will bring the proper notch in line with the aligning bar,-that is

page_text: to say if the fifth character on the matrix bar is the one called for, the matrix bar
in dropping must be arrested when the aligning notch appropriate to the fifth
character is opposite to the aligning bar, and so on for the other characters on that
matrix bar. To this end there is provided a series of stop bars, twelve in number
(that is to say the same in number as the characters which compose a group),
arranged at different heights corresponding to the difference in height of the
aligning notches on the matrix bar, and arranged so that any one of them can be
projected temporarily into the path of the movement of the matrix bar, to arrest
the latter at any desired point in its descent. The fifth stop bar for example will
arrest any one of the whole series of matrix bars at a point to bring its fifth
character into the line to be formed. This movement of the stop bars brought
about by the keys, each of which operates upon that stop bar which corresponds
in position to the position, upon the matrix bar, of the character appropriate to the
key. That is to say every key (and there will be eight of them) which represents
the fifth character on any matrix bar, will act on the fifth stop bar, and so on.
Space bands or spacers are introduced at proper points in the line as the
composition of the latter goes on. These spacers have a compartment of their
own in the magazine and drop directly down therefrom. After having dropped,
they are thrust forward into place by the same ejector which pushes forward the
matrix bars; but their path of descent is a little in advance of that of the latter,
so that they may clear the stop bars, which are intended only for the matrix bars.
The spacers all drop to a uniform level, and they are provided with shoulders by
which they rest on top of the aligning bar. They are delivered by means of
appropriate mechanism controlled by a space key on or alongside of the key-board.
The spacer preferred consists of a lower expander section which enters between
the cheek pieces of an upper section and is longitudinally moveable between the
same for the purpose of expanding or spreading them apart, the upper section
having on it a hook for distributing purposes.
At the assembling point there is provided a carriage in which the line when it
is formed is received and locked up, this carriage being combined with mechanism
for causing it to traverse a race-way in which the line moves to and from the
casting point. Along the line of the race-way is located, just beyond the
assembly point, a justifying mechanism comprising a shoe by which the lower
moveable sections of the spacers are lifted together so as to expand the line
uniformly and means for imparting movement to the shoe at the time the line
has been brought to it by the line carriage. At this point there is a flange along
the line of the race-way which overhangs shoulders or lugs on the upper sections
of the spacers, so as to hold those sections down in place while the under expander
sections are being acted on and pushed upwards by the justifying shoe.
From the justifier, the line moves along in the race-way to the mould where the
slug is cast, the line closing one end of the mould, and the metal, by any known
and suitable mechanism, being injected into the mould from its other end.
At this point is located a mechanism by which, after the casting operation is
concluded, the carriage is caused to loosen slightly its hold on the line, the
aligning bar (which at this point is moveable) is retracted from the aligning notches
of the matrix bars, and then all of the matrix bars are pushed down so as to bring
their heels or lower ends in the same horizontal plane, thus leaving the hooks on
their upper ends at different heights relatively to one another according to the
different species of matrix bars which enter into the composition of the line. At
the same time the depressor pushes down the lower sections of the spacers
previously raised by the justifier, thus returning all the spacers to normal
condition.
Between the casting point and the justifier, and along the line of the race-way,
is located the distributor composed of a series of levers, carrying at their outer ends
horizontal carriers or wires (one for each species of matrix bar, and one for the
spacers) which, when the levers are down, arrange themselves one above the other
in the plane of the race-way at heights corresponding to the heights of the hooks

page_text: they are to engage. When, on the other hand, the levers are up, the wires
arrange themselves in an approximately horizontal plane each one in line with a
wire or guide leading to the particular magazine chamber appropriate to its
'distributor wire. With this mechanism is combined a pusher which, when the
distributor wires are up, wipes along these wires, and pushes forward the matrix
bars and spacers which may happen to be hanging on them into their respective
magazine chambers.
Thus when the carriage returns from the casting point, after the matrix bars
and spacers have been acted on by the depressor, the hooks on the bars and spacers
will string themselves on their respective distributor wires, these wires will be at
once raised by their levers, carrying along the bars and spacers which hang from
them, and, when the distributor wires register with the guide wires of the
magazine chambers, the pusher will act to push the bars and spacers forward on
the wires thus returning them to the chambers from which they originally were
taken. The carriage then returns to the assembling point.
Beyond the casting point is mechanism by which, after the casting operation has
been effected, and during the return movement of the carriage, the slug is trimmed
and ejected from the mould on to the galley.
This mechanism, however, as well as many other details which have not been
mentioned in the foregoing general description of the machine, will be set out in
the course of the more minute description with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a face and edge view respectively of each of the matrix bars, which
compose the series used in the machine.
Figure 2 is a like view of one of the spacers-representing it on the left of the
figure in extended condition, and on the right in the condition in which it is when
the lower section is pushed up into the upper one.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the machine.
Figure 4 is a front elevation, and
Figure 5 is a right end elevation of the same.
The remaining figures are on a larger scale and illustrate the details of the
various mechanisms of which the machine is composed.
Figure 6 is a plan view of the key board.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation on line 7-7 Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of the magazine through and lengthwise of one of
the matrix bar chambers.
Figure 9 is a top view of the magazine divested of moving parts.
Figure 10 is an elevation of the magazine from the right end of the machine,
illustrating the matrix bar delivery mechanism.
Figure 11 is a sectional elevation of the magazine and some of its attached parts
looking from the same end of the machine, and intended to illustrate more fully the
arrangement of the matrix bar delivery gates and their operating mechanism. In
this figure only one of the matrix bar magazine chambers is shown provided with a
vibrator this being in order to avoid multiplying parts.
Figure 12 is a section taken vertically, and lengthwise of the machine, through
the assembly box.
Figure 13 is a horizontal section through the assembly box, intended to show the
means by which the ejector which discharges the delivered bars from the assembly
box is actuated. In this figure is represented in outline the magazine, and also the
connections for the vibrator shaft which extend cross-wise of the chambers in the
magazine. Only the rear half of the assembly box is shown, and the rear jaw is
represented as pushed back by the ejector which is in its advanced position.
Figure 14 is a perspective view, and
Figure 15 is a horizontal section of the assembly box.
Figure 16 is an enlarged section of the pawl which enters the assembly box
and serves to catch the delivered matrix bar and prevent it from getting out
of place.

page_text: Figure 17 is a sectional end elevation representing the space magazine and
delivery mechanism.
Figure 18 is a plan showing the lever or toggle arm connection, between the
space key lever, and the vertical rod which operates the space delivery detent.
Figure 19 is a transverse vertical section of the space magazine, looking towards
the front of it.
Figure 20 is a front elevation of the space magazine.
Figure 21 is a like elevation of a part of the space chamber with the front plate
removed, leaving the various devices which directly control the delivery of the
spacer.
Figure 22 is a perspective view of a portion of the interior of the space magazine,
looking at that side of it which is entered by the space lifter.
Figure 23 is a perspective view intended to represent more clearly the form and
relative arrangement of the spacer retaining plate, and the shoe by which the lifter
is prevented from raising more than one spacer at a time.
Figure 24 is a face view and edge view of the plate which bounds the rear
side of the race-way at the point where the line is assembled, showing projecting
from it in the face view the fingers and the hooks between which the line is
assembled.
Figure 25 is a horizontal sectional plan of the fingers and their controlling
devices.
Figure 26 is an elevation of the same looking at them from the rear.
Figure 27 is a section on line 27-27, Figure 25.
Figure 28 is a perspective view, looking from the front, of the line carriage and
parts adjoining it-this view showing in a general way the assembling mechanism,
and also the justifier.
Figure 28 is a cross section, showing the manner in which the tail of the latch
on the line carriage for controlling the line locking lever, engages the trip pawl
on the aligning rail.
Figure 29 is a front elevation on a larger scale of that part of the main
carriage H in which are located the ratcheted hub and sleeves by the action of
which the two parts of the carriage are spread apart to loosen their hold on
the line.
Figure 30 is an enlarged perspective view of the outer jaw of the assembly box,
and the adjoining portion of the aligning rail, intended to show how the aligning
rib enters the assembly box, so that the proper aligning notch on the matrix bar
can engage the aligning rib, before the bar is ejected from the assembly box.
Figure 31 is a plan of this portion of the aligning rail showing the jaw in
section.
Figure 32 is a perspective view of the line carriage looking from the rear,
showing also the aligning rail which bounds the front of the race-way in which the
ine moves. In this figure the moveable wing which closes against the rear of the
ine is represented in the position it occupies when swung up into the race-way.
There is also represented the end of the stepped shoe by which the line on its
return from the casting point is supported until it is taken by the distributor.
Figure 33 is a perspective view of the front portion of the machine at and near
he casting point.
Figure 34 is a perspective view of the mould, the mould guide bar, and the line
lepressor.
Figure 35 is a plan representing the justifier connections, and also showing the
construction of the line carriage lever. I omit from this figure The cam groove
of cam 1 is omitted from this figure, this being plainly shown in Figure 3.
Figure 36 is a transverse vertical section showing the justifier connections.
Figure 37 is a transverse vertical section showing the mechanism for moving the
nould guide bar out and in.
Figure 38 is a transverse vertical section, showing the line locked up and clamped
nd the parts in position they take at the time the line is cast-the piston of the

page_text: mould..
ретр
Figure 39 is a front elevation of the upper part of the distributor wires and
the upper ends of their supporting lever, and shows also the pushing mechanism
complete.
Figure 40 is a side elevation of the pusher, looking at it from the left of the
machine.
Figure 41 is a transverse vertical section of the distributor, looking towards
the magazine.
Figure 42 is a transverse vertical section through the slug ejecting mechanism,
mould, mould guide bar, and galley-showing also the connections by which the
mould is caused to slide back and forth in its guide bar.
Figure 43 is a transverse vertical section showing the connections for operating
the line depressor, which, at the casting point, and after the casting operations,
depresses the matrix bars and spacers to predetermined levels.
Figure 44 is a like section showing the connections by which the two parts of the
line carriage at this time are spread apart so as to loosen their hold on the line.
Figure 45 is a like section showing the connections by which the hinging bar at
this time is withdrawn from the aligning notches of the matrix bars, so as to
permit these bars to be pushed down by the depressor.
Figure 45 is a like section of the rear part of the machine where the cam is
located which actuates the auxiliary shaft from which the several movements of
the line depressing, carriage-spreading, and aligning-bar-operating mechanisms are
obtained.
Figure 46 is a plan showing the auxiliary shaft, and also the aligning-bar-
operating mechanism.
Figures 47, 48 and 49 are much enlarged cross sections through the anvil and
opposed parts between which the line is brought at the casting point. In Figure 47
the aligning bar is represented as projected and engaging a matrix. In Figure 48
the aligning bar is represented as withdrawn from engagement with the matrix.
In Figure 49 a spacer is represented as entered in the groove formed in the auvil
for the lug on its outer edge, and as being still held there (although the aligning
bar is retracted) by the thin stationary strip just over the aligning bar, which
bounds the bottom of the groove in which the lug on the spacer is received.
Figure 50 is a plan of the stopping and starting mechanism.
Figure 51 is a transverse section of the same, representing some of the chain of
gearing in dotted lines.
Figure 52 is a sectional detail of the stopping device for the friction roller which
operates the main bell crank lever of the delivery and assembly mechanisms.
Figure 53 is a longitudinal axial section enlarged of the clutch through which
motion is transmitted from the driving pulley to the line shaft at the rear of the
machine.
Figure 54 is an enlarged perspective view of the shipping. lever for controlling
the last named clutch, looking at the lever from the side opposite that shown in
elevation in Figure 51, showing also a part of the slide for operating said lever.
With a view to avoid obscuring the drawings in those figures which are general
views of the machine, reference letters are placed for the most part only on the
more prominent portions of the several mechanisms. Those letters of reference
which designate minor parts and structural details, have been confined, to those
figures in which those details are illustrated upon a larger scale.
MATRIX BARS AND SPACERS.
The machine is supposed to be adapted for ninety six characters-these characters
being divided into eight groups of twelve each. Consequently there are eight
species of matrix bars. One of each is represented in front and edge elevation in

page_text: others, and each has on its rear edge aligning notches a³, corresponding in number
and position to the intaglio type on the front edge. The matrix bars differ in
thickness as between one another, as shown by comparison of the edge views,
each being preferably some multiple of the thickest one which is that of the
standard"
The spacer preferred to be used is represented in front and edge
elevation in Figure 2. It is composed of the two sections put together and
combined for joint operation. The upper section has a hook 3 and, on its rear edge,
|a lug zª.
em."
MAGAZINE, DELIVERY MECHANISM AND KEYBOARD.
The magazine for containing the supply of matrix bars and spacers is a box-like
structure divided by vertical partitions, running lengthwise of the machine, into
eight matrix bar chambers A-A inclusive Figure 9, and a spacer chamber Z.
In the upper part, and extending lengthwise, of each chamber is a supporting
guide wire upon which the matrix bars and spacers hang by their hooks, these
wires inclining downwards toward the delivery end. Each matrix bar chamber
terminates at the delivery end in a separate narrow channel or passage A which
extends towards the delivery point in a line at right angles to its chamber. The
matrix bars as they pass along down their supporting wires enter their delivery
channels A, and are then fed forward therein, one by one, to the delivery point at
the front edge of the channel, whence they are delivered to the assembly box
below. They are thus fed and delivered by reciprocatory "delivery gates" C,
of which there is one gate for each separate channel. The body of the gate is
horizontal, moving beneath the floor of the channel which it controls, but having
its front end c at the delivery point projecting beyond that floor, and forming a
shelf or gate proper which closes the opening down through which the matrix bar
would otherwise drop.
The matrix bars in each channel are advanced until the front matrix bar rests on
the shelf c. Consequently when the gate C is drawn back, its shelf c will be
retracted and the matrix bar before supported by it will now drop. The gate C is
When the
provided with a thin upright finger C which also moves in the channel.
gate moves back, the finger, moving with it, travels back past the mouth of the
matrix bar chamber communicating with the channel, thus allowing another matrix
to pass from the chamber into the channel; and when the gate again moves forward
the finger, moving with it, pushes forward the line of matrix bars, thus bringing &
fresh one upon the shelf c to take the place of the one previously delivered.
C
Each gate C is individually spring retracted as indicated at c¹ and it is held in
advanced position against the stress of its spring by a pivoted detent lever D the
upper end of which engages a lug e on the under side of the gate.
In each channel and directly over the matrix to be delivered is the front end of
what is called an accelerating lever d, which is of angle form pivoted at its elbow
to the frame of the magazine and having its rear end engaged and restrained by a
retaining lug c on the top edge of the gate for that channel in which the
accelerating lever is located. The lever is spring pulled at ', the tendency of the
spring being to depress the front end of the lever. Whenever the gate C is
released it will at once be drawn back by its spring. The accelerating lever,
being spring-drawn also, will follow the delivery gate a short distance, at which
time its front end will rest upon top of the front matrix in the channel. It will
there rest until the shelf c of the delivery gate has withdrawn from under the
matrix, at which time the accelerator under the stress of its spring will give the
matrix an active start, shooting it down into the assembly box below.
Each delivery gate is slotted longitudinally at front and rear to receive guide
rollers on which it runs.
In order to return the delivery gate to its advanced position, against the pull of
the spring, the following arrangement is employed. In rear of the series of gates
is a bell crank lever frame e pivoted at e', having at its eud opposite the heels of
the gates C a cross rod e' against which any one of the gates when retracted will

page_text: -
strike, and thus will move the lever on its pivot. At the other end of the bell
crank is a rotatable cam e³, which is designed, when depressed, to come into contact
with and be operated by the continuously revolving roller e which latter is rubber
faced in order to insure the friction requisite to cause the revolution of the cam.
Under this arrangement, whenever any one of the gates springs back, it will force
and move the lever e in a direction to bring the came into contact with the roller e*.
As soon, however, as this takes place, the cam is forced to revolve with the roller,
and in so doing it moves the lever e back, thus forcing the gate C forward until the
latter is again caught and held by the detent lever D.
The came is so shaped that after it meets the roller it, during the first portion
of its revolution, does not raise the bell crank lever, having during this portion of
the revolution a delay surface of circular contour; this is to give the delivered
matrix bar time to get fully out of the magazine, and into its ultimate position in
the assembly box, and then the swell of the cam meets the roller and returns the
bell crank lever quickly to its normal position.
With a view to keeping the matrix bars well down upon the wires from which
they hang in their magazine chambers, vibrators are used (Figures 5, 8, 11) one
for each chamber, these vibrators being arms which extend over, and in line with,
the matrix bar supporting wires, and are operated on by fingers made fast to a
rock shaft supported in proper bearings crosswise of the matrix bar chambers,
this shaft having a crank connection do, do, d', with the axle or pivot of the angle
lever e, whereby it received a rocking movement whenever the lever vibrates.
The vibrators di bear only on the foremost matrix bar or bars of their respective
chambers, and are so arranged that when they are down in normal position
they are not pressed by the vibrating fingers d. But whenever any matrix bar at
the front of the chamber becomes disarranged or lifted from normal position it
raises its vibrator thus bringing the latter up into the path of its finger d³,
which, in moving, will consequently bear down on the vibrator with the effect of
causing the latter to bring the matrix bar beneath back to its normal position.
In order to complete the description of the magazine (so far as the matrix bar
chambers are concerned), and of the means for delivering the matrix bars there-
from, it remains to describe the means by which the detent levers D, (one for each
gate C) are operated; and this involves a description of the key-board
(Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7).
Inasmuch as it has been supposed that the series of matrix bars carry altogether
an assortment of ninety six different characters, then there must be ninety six
different keys, or one for each character. These are preferably arranged as shown
in Figure 6, in eight longitudinal rows of twelve each. But as the characters are
divided into groups of twelve, a different group being carried by each different
species of matrix bar, it follows that as each species is contained in a separate
chamber controlled by a separate gate of its own, then necessarily twelve keys,
appropriate to the twelve characters of any one group, must each be capable of
independently controlling one and the same delivery gate. This is provided for as
follows:-
The key buttons are upon the outer ends of elbow levers E pivotted upon
shafts E. The extremities of their vertical arms are rounded, so as to fit in
correspondingly shaped recesses in the under edges of the horizontal slide bars E',
one for each key lever. These slide bars move in suitable guide ways in the
key-board frame, and are spring rétracted. Immediately below and extending
cross-wise of the slide bars, are the bail rods E³ which for convenience and ease of
movement are by links E, Figure 7, connected to pivots E' on which they may
swing back and forth. There are eight of these bail rods-one for each gate C;
and each bail rod by a link D' is connected to the lower vertical arm of its
appropriate detent lever D.
Each slide bar has ou its under side a lug Ex in such position as to engage any
selected one of the bail rods. If, for example, the key to which the slide bar
pertains represents a character of the group carried by the matrix bar in the fifth

page_text: magazine chamber, then the lug Ex of the slide bar should be so positioned as to
engage that bail rod which influences the detent lever of the gate for the fifth
magazine chamber; and so on. Thus, on depressing that key, its slide bar will by
its lug pull forward the bail rod connected to the detent lever of the fifth gate,
which latter consequently will be operated, in the manner hereinbefore described, to
deliver a matrix bar, or rather to allow it to drop.
Manifestly, however, means must be provided by which the descent of the matrix
bar shall be arrested; and it is equally manifest that the point at which the bar is
arrested cannot be invariably the same, otherwise only one of the characters on it
would ever be presented in line, no matter what key caused its delivery.
Consequently means should be provided by which the bar in its descent can
be arrested at any desired point; there should be as many different levels at which
its downward course may be arrested, as there are characters upon it; and the key
which releases the matrix bar should also control the mechanism by which the
movement of the delivered bar is arrested at that level which corresponds to
the height, or position, upon the bar of the particular character represented by the
key. Such a means is found in the devices, termed stop bars, shown at G. These
stop bars are thin flat blades of metal, arranged horizontally one above the other in
a suitable comb-like frame which supports them near their ends. They are
separated by an interval one from the other, and are held to their supports by roller
studs G2 on the latter, which enter oblique slots G³ in the stop bars, the arrangement
and obliquity of the slots being such that when pressure is applied to the bars
from their rear edges, they will thereby be not only moved towards the front of
the machine but also longitudinally or lengthwise of the machine and in a direction
to bring their projecting stop ends G directly across the path of movement of the
descending matrix bars. There are twelve stop bars. The lowermost one G'
represents the lowest point to which any matrix bar can drop, that being the point
at which the topmost character of any bar is brought into line.
This stop.
therefore need not be movable; it can be fixed, and is so shown in Fig. 14. Each
of the eleven bars above it, however, is movable in the direction and sense already
indicated; and each one of them, from below up, represents a character succes-
sively, from below the topmost character down, on the matrix bar. Normally the
movable stop bars stand retracted or out of the path of movement of the descending
matrix bars. Each slide bar E', however, has on its head or front end, a teat or
projection E' suitably located to strike the stop bar appropriate to that slide bar
(when the latter moves in a direction to cause the delivery of a matrix bar) and by
80 doing to force its stop end to move into the path of the descending matrix bar.
If for example the stop bar represents the fifth character of any group on any one
of the series of matrix bars (and there are twelve such stop bars for the assembly
of ninety-six slide bars) then the teat or projection E on every such slide bar
should be so located as to project into the path of the delivered matrix bar the stop
which will arrest that matrix bar at a point where its fifth character will be
brought into the line which is in process of composition.
To withdraw any stop bar from its projected to its normal retracted position the
following arrangement may be employed.
A comb-like yoke G' loosely surrounds the stop bars, near their projecting stop
euds, and is connected to an arm G7 by a connecting rod G jointed to the yoke on
a vertical axis and to the arm on a horizontal axis (Figure 10).
The arm G' has a longitudinal slot G through which passes the axle of the came
which axle for this purpose is extended laterally beyond its bearing in the bell
crank e.
Upon the axle is fixed a small came which is designed to act at a proper
time
upon a roller stud G on the arm G'. When any stop bar is moved forward
it will carry with it the yoke G' and in this way the arm G will be drawn forward
until the rear end of its slot G about reaches the cam e. This takes place upon
release of the gate and consequent delivery of the matrix bar, which is arrested in
proper position by the stop bar, where the matrix bar is at once taken care of by
other instrumentalities which presently will be described. But by the rearward
n

page_text: vibration of the bell crank e consequent upon this delivery movement of the gate,
its cam e³ has reached the rotating roller and has been actuated thereby to return
the lever to normal. This rotary movement of the cam e causes a corresponding
movement of the cam e which wipes against the roller stud G' with the effect of
retracting the arm G7, consequently returning the stop bar, through the agency of
the yoke Go, to its original position.
It is desirable here to note one characteristic of the key-board, which is of
material value. The slide bars E2 are alike in every respect save in the projections
with which they are provided to engage the bail rods and the stop bars respectively.
They can be placed at any point in their supporting frame-that is to say, the
fifth can be placed where the twentieth now is, and so on, and yet will always
affect the same bail rod and the same stop bar. This gives in effect an inter-
changeable key-board-the slide bars being interchangeable with one another, so
that any key can be made to represent, and control the delivery of, any character.
This permits any desired grouping and relative positioning of the keys on the key-
board, a feature which is found of great convenience, inasmuch as it renders the
machine available to the large and increasing class of type-writer operators some
of whom use key-boards arranged in one way, and others use key-boards arranged
in a different way. Any such operator using the machine can readily arrange and
adjust his key-board to conform to the arrangement of the key-board of the type-
writer which he has been accustomed to operate.
The matrix bars, delivered by the instrumentalities already described, fall into
what may be termed an assembly box, from which each one, as it is received
therein, is discharged or ejected into a race-way, along which are located the
justifying, distributing and casting mechanisms.
This assembly box, best shown in Figures 12-16 inclusive and 28, 30, 31, is
directly under the delivery point of the several channels which lead from the
magazine chambers. At its rear or right hand end it is bounded by a stationary
inclined strip which serves to surely direct the falling matrices into the assembly
box; on its front face it is covered above with a glass strip f' which in Figure 28
is represented as turned to one side so as to fully expose the parts within, and
below the glass strip by a stationary metal piece f. The opposite face of the
box is formed by a stationary plate; and the front or discharge end of the box
is formed by the spring closed jaws f,f, which are hinged on vertical pivots to a
stationary cross plate 10, extending between the parts 1,1%, and have their front
ends bent at right angles inwardly, or towards each other, as seen at 6, 7, so that
when the jaws are closed these angularly bent ends will in effect close the front or
discharge end of the assembly box.
The jaws f,, are upon the exterior opposite faces of the stationary sides f³, f*,
of the box. The angularly bent end 7 of the outer jaw f' passes around the front
edge of the outer plate and the angularly bent end of the inner jaw f' passes
through a vertical slot formed for it in the outer wall of the support on which
the magazine stands. The bottom of this box is formed by some one of the series
of stop bars.
The race-way into which the matrix bars are discharged from the assembly box
is bounded on the rear edge by a vertical shield fixed to the outer edge of the bed
plate of the machine, and on the outer edge by a rail y on which is the aligning bar.
This bar at the assembly end of the rail g, and from there to the justifier, is a
horizontal rib g' (Figures 32, 36) projecting from the top edge of the rail into the
race-way and cast in one with the rail. Beyond the justifier, and for the remainder
of the race-way, the aligning bar is a movable bar held to the rail by a pin and
inclined slot connection g³, g', so that it may be projected into and retracted from
the race-way of which more hereafter. The race-way begins at the assembly

page_text: box, and the end of the aligning bar or rib gl at this point extends back beyond
the rail proper, and enters the assembly box, through a notch or clearance formed
for that purpose in the angularly bent end f', of the outer jaw f as seen in
Figures 30, 31. The object of this is that before the matrix bar can pass beyond
the support of its stop bar (which for the moment and until the matrix bar is
ejected from the box forms the bottom of the box) its proper aligning notch will
have engaged the aligning bar, thus assuring its permanent alignment.
The assembly box is thus closed permanently on the sides and rear, and provided
with a movable front end, and a bottom formed by some one of the stop bars. Into
this box the matrix bar drops and is caused to engage the aligning bar before the
support of its stop bar is withdrawn, and before it is discharged from the box.
Another feature of the box of practical value and importance is the matrix-bar-
detent or pawl go, (Figures 14, 16), which is pivotted in the side of the box, with
its acting end projecting through into the box and there held by a light spring.
The matrix bar, when delivered, shoots down into the assembly box with con-
siderable force, and when it brings up suddenly against its stop bar, it is apt at
times to rebound or get out of place. Any such liability is prevented by the
pawl g. The matrix bar passes down by it with entire ease, but the moment the
bar brings up against its stop, the pawl at that time will be opposite an aligning
notch in the bar, and will engage that notch, thus preventing any upward
movement or jump of the matrix bar.
To complete the description of the assembly box, it remains to describe the
means for ejecting the matrix bar therefrom into the race-way beyond. The ejector
and its operating mechanism can best be seen in Figures 12-16 and 23.
It comprises a reciprocatory ejecting finger h which moves back and forth in
the assembly box, entering it through an opening provided for that purpose in the
hack wall of the box. The finger at its right hand and outside the box is
attached to a slanting support h¹ which is adapted to pass between and spread apart
cam swells or inclines f³, fo, formed upon the interior opposite faces of the
jaws f,, said swells or inclines projecting inwardly through openings formed in
the stationary sides f³, fs, of the box. Thus when the ejector advances to thrust
forward the matrix bar the jaws will be spread apart, opening the front end of the
box, and allowing the matrix bar to pass out from it into the race-way.
The ejector is operated by the following means: The upright support ¹ at the
top is connected to a horizontal sliding plate, held to the rear face of the back
of the box by pins which enter guide slots formed longitudinally of the slide ³, thus
permitting the latter a limited movement of reciprocation. This movement is
imparted to the slide by an elbow lever *, pivotted at its elbow to the frame
of the machine, and having one of its arms jointed to the slide 3 and the other
pinned to a rod which extends back to and is attached to the upright arm of the
bell crank lever e. Thus when the latter is forced back, in the operation of
delivering a matrix bar to the assembly box, the ejector thereby will be retracted,
leaving the box free to be entered by the matrix bar. When, however, the
lever e returns to normal, the ejector thereby will be operated to at once thrust
forward the matrix bar, and at the same time to open the front jaws of the box to
permit it to pass out, the bar as before said engaging the aligning bar before the
box is opened or the stop bar is withdrawn.
The matrix bar, engaging with its proper aligning notch the aligning bar
bordering the race-way, is thus discharged from the assembly box into the race-
way, and it is pushed along far enough to pass beyond spring hooks or detents i
which project laterally into the race-way from opposite sides thereof. These hooks
or detents prevent the matrix bar from returning or moving backward after the
ejector withdraws, and they further furnish a temporary abutment for the support
of one end of the line which is built up by pushing the matrix bars in succession
beyond them.
At this point the space box and delivery mechanism, can conveniently be
described. The description has been deferred until now for the reason that the

page_text: .
spacers, although they are operated on by the ejector h, do not enter the
assembly box. The arrangement of parts can best be understood by reference to
Figures 3, 4, 9, 17-23.
The space chamber Z is on the front of the magazine and the delivery point is
directly over the constricted space between the hooks i and the angular ends f, f',
of the jaws f, f. It is down through this narrow space that the delivered spacer
falls, and it brings up only when its lug catches on the aligning bar g', which is
the normal position of the spacer in the line of which it forms part.
A spacer is delivered at each downward stroke of the vibratory arm; located on
the front of the space box Z. Without describing at present the mechanism
controlled for this purpose by the arm; I pass to a description of the mechanism
by which it is connected to and properly timed in its operations relatively to the
ejector h.
The arm is fixed on a shaft j¹ extending back beneath the magazine and
having on its rear end a similar arm 2, which by a connecting rod j³, is connected
to one arm of an angle lever, pivotted to the frame of the machine at its elbow.
The lower and vertical arm of the lever j, meets and is adapted to bear back
against the upper extremity of the bell crank lever e, and is spring pulled, so that
unless prevented it will bear against and force back the arm of the lever e. It is
thus prevented by a pivotted detent, which engages a lug on the lever . In
order to release, when desired, the space bar lever from the control of the
detent, the free end of the latter is by a connecting rod jointed to one end of
a vibrating lever pivotted at its centre on a horizontal axis, and having its opposite
end inserted in the slotted or forked end of a lever, which is located beneath the
bed plate of the machine, and is pivotted upon a horizontal axis 10. The forward
and shorter end of this lever by a cross piece is connected to the space key
lever, which is arranged at a convenient point alongside the key-board in
proximity to the matrix keys and has its pivot at j¹³. Whenever the space key is
depressed the arm j through its connections will be swung down with the effect of
delivering a spacer.
At the same time with this, the movement of the released
lever j has caused the rearward vibration of the bell crank lever e which in turn
has caused the retraction of the ejector . But the rearward movement of the
levere has brought its cam into contact with the constantly-revolving roller below
it, and therefore the lever is at once returned to normal, and in so moving operates
the ejector to push forward the delivered spacer into the race-way beyond the
hooks i, and at the same time returns the lever to position where its lug will
be engaged by the detent The space lever of course is provided with the
usual recoil spring, by which it is returned to its original position after
its stroke
It remains to describe the means operated or controlled by or from the arm j to
secure the delivery of the spacers. It is pinned at its free end to a vertical
reciprocatory bar i guided in its movements by a pin and vertical slot connection
with the outer face of the space magazine chamber Z on which it is placed.
To the top of the bar is secured a plate 2, which has a vertical piece
attached to and bent at right angles to it so as to enter the space magazine through
a slot * formed for it in the side of the magazine. The shape of this piece is
best shown in Figures 19, 22. It is adapted to play up and down just in advance
of the front end of the wire Z', from which the spacers hang by their hooks, and,
at the top, has a shape, the reverse of the hook end of the spacer, thus providing
it with an upwardly projecting horn or finger 2. The piece is adapted to play
up and down in a narrow passage just wide enough to receive one spacer between
the front end of the wire Z' and the vertical plate 2, secured to the interior of the
box on the side next to the open space or clearance which exists between the
overhanging spacer hook above and the body of the spacer below. The lateral
projection of the plate is a little less than the clearance or opening in the spacer
just referred to, so that if the spacer in the box on one side of the plate be lifted
far enough to cause the plate to register with that clearance, it (the spacer) can pass

page_text: beyond or to the other side of the plate, where there is a vertical passage i',
through which the spacer passes down and is discharged. It is the function of
the piece to thus lift the spacer. To this end the normal position of this piece ³,
which may be called the space-lifter, is with its horn i, elevated a little above the
front end of the wire Z¹ as seen in Figure 19. In this position it acts as a stop to
hold the spacers in place on the wire. Whenever it is depressed, however; its
horn is lowered so as to come just below the level of the front end of the
wire Z¹. When this takes place, the front spacer will by gravity pass down from
the wire on to the lifter, the horn entering the hook and sustaining the spacer,
and the retaining plate preventing the hook from passing beyond the lifting
horn. Then, when the lifter rises, it carries up with it the spacer until the
clearance or opening on the hook side of the latter registers with the retaining
plate, at which time the spacer will drop off from the lifter and passing beyond
the retaining plate will enter the passage i'. A shoe 8 is placed above the wire Z¹
with just enough distance between its front end and the retaining plate to permit
the upward passage of one spacer only, thus preventing the lifter from delivering
more than one spacer at a time. In order to prevent the lower end of those
spacers which are still held on the wire Z' from entering the passage 17, and
consequently interfering with the downward movement of the delivered spacer,
there is provided at the bottom of the magazine a retaining abutment against
which the lower end of the front spacer on the wire Z will catch. When this
front spacer is raised by the lifter, its lower end will be elevated far enough to
clear the abutment i, and consequently will swing out into the passage i¹ beyond.
The spacer, when it is discharged into the delivery passage, does not at once
pass down and out from the same. On the contrary its lug a catches on a light
spring pressed retaining pawl 10, interposed in the passage.
Thus on the first
reciprocation of the lifter the spacer is discharged into the delivery passage and is
there held by the pawl 10. To release it from the control of this pawl, I provide
a pusher", which is a plate secured to the reciprocating bar, and provided with
an angular end, which enters the space magazine through a slot provided for
that purpose, and is so positioned that when depressed it will bear upon the lug
of any spacer that may be held by the retaining pawl 10, and will shoot or forcibly
propel the spacer past the pawl. Thus two movements of the space key are
required for the discharge of any one spacer; consequently before setting the
machine in operation the space key should be once struck, so as to deliver a spacer
to the retaining pawl 10; after that, each stroke of the key will deliver a spacer
to the line in process of assembling in the race-way below.
Having now described the mechanism by which the matrix bars and spacers are
delivered and discharged into the race-way in proper engagement with the aligning
bar, means will now be described by which the delivered matrix bars and spacers
are held in place, during the composition of the line of which they form part. It
has been already stated that the line is held at one end (the end next to the
assembly box) by the spring hooks or detents i. At the opposite end, it is held
by an abutment moveable lengthwise of the race-way and projecting therein. to
furnish a shoulder against which the front end of the line can bear. This abutment
is spring drawn towards the hooks i, so that it will recede as more and more bars
are forced past the hooks into the line.
This abutment is best shown in Figures 24-28, and its construction is as
follows:-The abutment proper consists preferably of two fingers k, which extend
into the race-way through horizontal slots k¹, in the plate which forms the rear
face of the race-way. The fingers at their rear ends are fast to a sleeve k³,
journaled on an axle k³, in a block k mounted and adapted to slide back and forth
in suitable guide-ways on the back of the plate which forms the rear side of the
race-way. This block is spring pulled towards the hooks by spring. The
fingers are held in projected position by means of a spring actuated hook
pawl, pivotted at 48 to the block, and engaging a slotted detent arm k, attached
to the sleeve A³, Whenever the hook pawl is released from the detent ³, the

page_text: and has on the end projecting to the right beyond the latter a radial arm H³, which
serves as a lever or handle by which the hub can be turned. In the position of
parts shown in Figure 28, the lever H8 is out, and in the position it occupies when
the wing H' is down out of the race-way and out of engagement with the line. By
pushing the lever inwards the wing H7 will be caused to swing inwardly into the
race-way (as in Figure 32) aud up alongside of and in contact with the rear of the
assembled line. A spiral torsion spring H, encircling the guide rod H³, and
attached at one end to the moveable carriage portion H' and at the other end
to the hub H tends to throw the lever HB out, and consequently to throw the
wing H down. Therefore, to maintain the wing in upraised position against the
stress of the spring. A spring controlled latch, is employed pivotted on the face
of the main carriage part H and arranged to engage a projection on the lever H
when the latter is pressed in. This latch, as shown in Figure 284, has on it a tail
piece which, when the carriage moves outwardly or towards the mould, wipes
against the spring-pressed vibratory pawl P, placed ou the aligning rail in the path
of the tail of the latch, the pawl at this time yielding to allow the latch to pass.
When, however, the carriage, having finished its outward journey, returns to its
starting point, the pawl 3 will not yield, it being rigid in the direction from which
pressure is now exerted on it by the latch; and at this time it acts as a rigid stop
by which the latch is operated to release the lever H, consequently permitting the
wing H' to swing down out of the race-way. It is of course necessary that the
wing should so move at this time, because, in the practical use of the machine,
the operator is assembling another line while the previously assembled line is being
taken care of by the carriage; consequently by the time the carriage returns
another line will have been partly or wholly assembled, and this line could not
possibly be passed by the carriage without its rear wing H' being first swung down
out of the path of the line. By the described arrangement of the latch and its
operating pawl, this result is effected before the wing reaches the line.
The end of the line opposite that where the wing comes, is held by the lug H',
which is attached to the moveable carriage part H. This lug extends up into the
race-way and is permanently located therein; and the formed line is held between
the lug Haud the wing H. When the line is full, the fingers k should be forced
out far enough to bring their inner edges against which the front end of the line
rests flush with inner face of the lug H. For this purpose a recess or clearance h*
is formed in the inner face of the lug H' as shown in Figure 32, for the reception
at this time of the lower finger k, the dimensions of this recess being sufficient to
permit the free backward swing the unlocked finger.
The shaft H on which the lower portion of the moveable carriage part H¹ is
sleeved has fixed to it a hub H carrying a crank H"; by rotating this hub the
shaft itself will be correspondingly rotated. That portion of the shaft which
passes into or through the main carriage H has fixed to it a hub H best seen
in Figure 29, having ratchet teeth at both ends, and this ratcheted hub is located
between two sleeves H, H", stationary in the part H, and having their interior
opposite ends ratcheted to correspond with the ratchet on the hub H. These
sleeves are set at such distance apart that when the ratchet of the one sleeve is in
full engagement with the hub, the ratchet of the other sleeve will be just out of
engagement with the latter. Normally the hub engages the right hand ratchet
sleeve as shown in Figure 29. If now the crank H be raised, this will rotate the
shaft H in a direction to cause its hub to move out of engagement with the
right hand ratchet sleeve, and into engagement with the left hand one; but in so
moving it has not only a movement of rotation, but also a longitudinal movement
by reason of the slant of the ratchet teeth, which throw the shaft slightly to the
left. The movement is shared by the moveable carriage portion H, the effect
being to cause the lug H to slightly move to the left, so as to increase the
distance between it and the wing H', the effect being to loosen the hold of the
carriage on the line. The particular use made of this arrangement will be presently
described. It will suffice at present to say that the crank H" is thus operated by

page_text: a sliding lifter H1, secured on the right hand edge of the main carriage part H.
As soon as the lifter is released a torsion spring H secured at one end to the
moveable carriage part H' and at the other end to the crank arm H", returns the
parts to normal position.
The line carriage lever H is operated from the main or line shaft at the rear of
the machine. This lever, which is below the bed plate of the machine is pivotted
at 1, and is composed of two parts jointed together at 6, the forward part or
blade, which engages with its front end the line carriage, having its rear end, back
of the pivot, curved outwardly, and connected by a strong pull spring / to the
rear part of the lever. The main object of this is that if by any chance the line
carriage during its outward travel should stick or halt, the lever still being actuated
by its cam, the rear part of the lever can move, without moving the forward part,
this being permitted by the spring connection. The set of the two parts of the
lever, that is to say, the extent to which the spring can pull the curved rear
end of the front part towards the rear part, is regulated by a lug h³ on the rear
part of the lever, having an adjustable screw in its head against which a shoulder /³,
on the front part of the lever brings up. The rear part of the lever H* is con-
nected by a link ho to the front end of a lever ", pivotted to the bed plate at its
rear end and having on it a roller stud to engage its operating cam 1 on the line
shaft.
JUSTIFIER.
The carriage, with the assembled line which it holds, moves along the race-way
first to the justifier (Figures 4, 36) where it dwells long enough to permit justifica-
tion to be accomplished. At this point there is on the aligning rail a raised
flange, which overhangs the lugs of the spacers contained in the line, the lugs
thus being held in a groove on guide-way formed by the top of the aligning bar
below, and the overhanging flange above.
The lugs are on the upper sections of the spacers and consequently these
sections are held rigid against inovement, while their lower expander sections are
pushed up into them by the justifier. The justifier consists of a horizontal shoe I
fixed to a base I¹ moveable vertically in guide-ways in the frame of the machine.
This vertically sliding base is connected by a link I to a lever I³ pivotted on a
horizontal axis beneath the bed-plate and connected at its rear end by a spring
barrel link I to the lever 1, hung at its rear end in suitable bearings on the bed
plate and engaging by a laterally projecting roller stud its operating cam 2 on the
line shaft. The cam has two corrugations in it, as seen in Figure 36, by which
two successive vertical reciprocating movements are given to the justifying shoe,
the first movement being about two-thirds of the full motion, and the second being
the entire throw which is necessary at any time in the operation of the machine.
The barrel I has at its lower end a swivelled link 1, which is connected at its
lower end with the lever 13, and passes loosely through the bottom of the barrel ;
upon the head of this link within the barrel rests the lower end of a spiral spring I',
which is held down by a nut 18, screwed into the head of the barrel; and an eye
bolt I screwed into the nut joins that nut to the lever 1°. As the threads upon
the eye bolt and upon the exterior of the nut are the same in pitch, the nut can be
screwed down more or less as desired upon the spring to regulate. the extent of its
initial compression. By this spring connection any over movement of the lever I'
is taken up by the spring which compressed between the head of the link I'
below and the nut 18 above without imparting further upward movement to the
justifying shoe. The shoe in moving upward forces up the lower sections of the
spacers so as to expand uniformly the upper sections, thus filling out and justifying
the line. Two successive upward movements are given to the shoe for the reason
that at times the first movement does not suffice to force the spacers up far enough
to justify. The second upward movement however, rectifies whatever might have
been lacking, and effects perfect justification. The line carriage dwells long enough
in front of the justifier to permit the foregoing movements of the justifier, and it

page_text: rests. At this point it brings up against the end of the race-way which here
terminates, and during the casting operation it is held firmly up against that solid
end of the race-way by the line carriage lever H. For this purpose a slight over
motion is imparted to the lever by the cam 1, this over motion being compensated
for by the spring connection h³, between the two parts of the lever, which serves,
as well, to hold the front part or section of the lever most firmly up to its work.
After passing the justifier the line passes from the fixed aligning rib gl on the
aligning rail onto the movable aligning-bar g, which at this time projects into the
race-way and forms an accurate prolongation of the aligning rib. This movable
aligning bar extends quite the remainder of the length of the race-way, entering a
horizontal slot formed for it, and the rail, in the anvil (or vice as it is usually
termed) V.
LINE CASTING MECHANISM.
At this point, at the end of the forward movement of the line carriage, the line is
brought opposite to the mould J, and is there held by a suitable delay surface on
the line carriage cam 1 until after the casting operation.
The mould and its appurtenances are best shown in Figures 3, 4, 33, 34, 37,
38, 42.
The mould itself is an oblong block of metal of a thickness which is type high
and provided with a transverse horizontal slot of dimensions to accord with the
thickness and width of the line-slug or bar to be cast therein. This mould is held
and slides in dovetail ways formed in opposite edges of the longitudinal slot in the
slotted guide bar J', in which the mould is supported and can slide lengthwise of
the machine. The mould, as shown in Figures 34, 38, has a taper nozzle, which
projects through a corresponding opening in the stationary shield or plate which
bounds the rear side of the race-way, and it is thus brought into position where its
front end or nozzle can be closed by the line of matrices from which the impression
is to be taken. To the rear of the mould and mounted on the bed-plate of the
machine is the melting pot K of any suitable construction, which is arranged to
slide back and forth, so as to carry its discharge nozzle to and away from
the mould. The pot has the usual appliances for heating and is provided with
a force pump K', by which when the parts are in proper position the molten
metal is ejected through the nozzle of the pot into the mould. The movements
of the pot to and from the mould are effected by a flange cam 3 on the line
shaft properly shaped to thus move the pot at the proper times. The cam 3
is connected to the pot by anti-friction rollers on the euds of arms m which
engage the inner surface of the cam for the purpose of giving a rearward move-
ment to the pot, and by a roller m', which bears upon the outer surface of the
cam: The arms mare fast to and extend rearward from the pot, or rather
from the jacket which encases the pot proper. The roller m¹ is mounted on a
shaft which is journalled in a sliding cross-head m³, supported between the arms m.
This shaft, shown at m³, passes through elongated slots in the arms m, so that
it and the cross-head in which it is journalled may have movement transversely
of the machine independently of the arms; and the outer ends of the shaft.are
received in pins m, which pins enter barrels m³, fast to the arms m, or some
other part of the pot. These barrels contain spiral springs me which surround
the pins and press against the heads of the latter, the tendency of the springs
being to force the shaft and cross head to the rear. A bolt m', fast to the pot
and passing through the cross-head into a slot me therein, where a nut is screwed
on the projecting end of the bolt, serves to limit the extent of independent
movement of the cross-head. By this means a slight over motion may be given
to the cam 3, so that in moving forward the nozzle of the pot will at all times
be pressed most firmly against the mould; the cross-head, through its springs m³,
yielding and compensating for any over motion of the cam.

page_text: After the casting has been effected, all that remains is to remove the line and
to return the matrix and space bars of which it is composed each to its own
appropriate magazine chamber.
In order to effect this result, the matrix bars of the line must however be
first brought with their heels all in one plane, so that their hooks will stand at
normal height with relation to one another. So too, the lower sections of the
spacers must be moved down, in order to bring the spacers themselves to their
normal condition in which they can be returned to their magazine, ready again
for use without further manipulation or preparation. For this purpose, there
provided at the casting point a depressor, which moves down on the matrix
bars and spacers so as to bring the heels of the matrix bars all on the same
level, and to also extend the spacers their full normal length. The line
however is still tightly clamped in its carriage, and the aligning notches
of the matrix bars still engage the aligning bar. Manifestly, therefore, the hold
of the carriage on the line must be relaxed and the matrix bars must be
disengaged from the aligning bar before the depressor can act. Therefore
combined with the depressor is mechanism whereby before the depressor acts
upon the line, the two parts H and H₁ of the carriage are spread slightly apart
and the aligning bar g' is retracted to disengage it from the matrix bars. This is
the purpose for which the two parts of the carriage are made longitudinally
moveable with relation to its other, and a moveable aligning-bar g' is provided, as
hereinbefore described.
The following is a description of the mechanism by which these three operations
are accomplished, referring more particularly to Figures 33, 34, 43-46. All of
these mechanisms are actuated from an auxiliary shaft L supported in bearings
under the bed plate, near its front flange, the shaft being horizontal and extending
lengthwise of the machine. From a cam 5 on the line shaft the auxiliary shaft is
rocked first in one direction and then, after a proper interval, in the opposite

page_text: direction. It derives its movement therefrom by a crank arm L' on it, which
by a connecting rod L' is joined to a lever L, carrying a roller which engages
the cam.
The carriage spreading devices have already been described in connection with
the carriage, the spreading being accomplished by pushing up the lifting slide H¹
to raise the crank H". This action upon the slide is effected by a transverse
sliding bar m supported in proper bearings and extending through the front flange
of the bed plate at a level to cross the carriage just below the pin y on the lifting
slide H".
The transverse sliding bar m² has on it a wedge or incline m³, the base of which
just meets the pin y. This is the position of the parts when the carriage is at the
casting point, the slide bar m' having been projected before the carriage reaches
that point. The bar m' is moved to and fro from shaft L by the crank arm m
which is loosely pinned to the bar. When the bar is retracted its incline me will,
by its action on the pin y, raise the slide H and thus spread apart the two
parts H, H', of the carriage.
The aligning-bar retracting mechanism consists of a crank n on the auxiliary
shaft, which by a connecting rod n¹ passing out through the front of the machine
frame, is joined to a crank n' on the lower end of a shaft no, which passes up
through a vertical hole drilled in the anvil V, and has at its top a head n', on
which is an eccentric pin n that engages a slot in the aligning bar . The
aligning rail at this point is recessed or cut away to allow the head of the
shaft to pass it. The shaft is upheld in place by a bushing a fixed in the opening
in the anvil below the head of the shaft. Rearward movement of the crank n will
revolve the shaft: n in a direction to cause its eccentric pin to pull back and retract
the moveable aligning bar far enough to remove it from the aligning notches of the
matrix bars.
The line depressing mechanism comprises a depressor o, composed of a rectangular
skeleton sliding frame, the side bars of which move in vertical guide-ways formed
in the plate or shield which bounds the rear of the race-way, and placed on each
side of the mould opening therein; the side bars are contained in the guide-ways so
as to be flush with the face of the plate or shield. The top cross bar of the
depressor projects a little beyond the face of the plate, so as to overhang the race-
way just enough to allow it, in its descent, to clear the hooks of the matrix and
space bars, and yet strike and bear upon the top edge of their body parts.
This depressor has its lower end connected by a link o' with the curved end of a
pivotted lever o², the rear end of which is connected to a crank o³, on the auxiliary
shaft by a link o' pinned to the crank and having a longitudinal slot of some
length at its other end which is entered by a pin on the rear end of the lever o'.
This slot and pin connection is essential inasmuch as it permits a certain amount of
lost motion to the crank o, before it begins to actually move the depressor; and
during this interval, the other quick responding mechanism will have acted to
spread the carriage and draw back the aligning bar sufficiently to warrant the
descent of the depressor. As the auxiliary shaft receives from its actuating cam a
movement of 60° in each direction, there is ample opportunity to obtain this
sequence of movements. Thus the movement of the auxiliary shaft in one direction
opens the carriage, draws back the aligning bar and pulls down the depressor, and
the latter in its descent thrusts down the bodies of the matrix bars so that they
shall all be on the same level, and also pushes down the projecting tops of the lower
expander sections of the spacers (previously pushed up by the justifier) so as to
extend the spacers to their normal length. It may be remarked here that the
lugs of the spacers extend further outwardly than the outer edges of the matrix
bars, so that they will not only overlap the rib portion of the projected aligning
bar 9³, but also will extend outwardly to overhang the inner edge of the rail g.
To accomodate the lugs, therefore, the anvil V on its inner face has (as seen in
Figures 47-49) a horizontal groove v cut in it, the bottom of this groove being
formed by a thin metallic strip 9 which is secured to the anvil just above the
:

page_text: aligning bar. This strip (which is a stationary one) extends back over the top of
the moveable aligning bar and terminates at a point near where the distributor is
located, as indicated in Figures 3, 28, 32. The lugs 2 of the spacers pass over on
top of the inner edge of this strip,,and are there held by it at the time the aligning
bar is withdrawn, as seen in Figure 48. Consequently the upper sections of the
spacers are sustained firmly in place at the time the depressor pushes down
their lower sections. The strip 9 of course is never engaged by the matrix
bars, inasmuch as it does not project beyond the inner edge of the aligning bar
rail g.
Below the point where the line is pushed down by the depressor is a fixed shoe r
arranged a proper distance below the aligning rail. On the inner face of this shoe
are formed two horizontal steps r¹ and . The upper step" receives the heels of
the depressed matrix bars, and the lower step receives the heels of the lower
sections of the extended spacers. In this way these bars at their bottom are all
brought to one level for the matrix bars and another level for the spacers, the
result being to leave the hooks on their upper ends at the relatively different
heights at which they should stand. This shoe r, it may be remarked, extends
along the machine from the casting point to the point where the line engages the
distributor to be presently described, the object of this being to furnish a support
for the matrix bars (which are at this time loosely held by the carriage) until after
they have strung themselves upon the distributor wires.
The line having been depressed, the carriage by its actuating cam and. lever is
started on its return movement.
In so moving, the pin y on the carriage slide H¼ snaps past the wedge bar m²,
and thereupon the two parts of the carriage move towards each other, but inasmuch
as the spacers have been extended and consequently reduced in thickness, the line
still remains loose.
The aligning bar however remains retracted until after the bars have been taken
by the distributor from the race-way, the actuating cam of the auxiliary shaft
being properly timed and proportioned to secure this result.
DISTRIBUTOR.
The distributor, which is met by the line of matrix bars and spacers as they
are carried back through the race-way by the line carriage, is shown in
Figures 3, 4, 5, 39-41.
The distributor may be described, as consisting in a general way of carrier rods
or wires M, which by suitable mechanism are first lowered to stand one over the
other in a vertical plane, overhanging the race-way in a position to permit the bars
which pertain to them severally to string themselves upon them by their hooks, and
are then elevated and separated so as to stand in an approximately horizontal plane
to register with the several guide wires in the magazine compartments or chambers,
so that, by a proper pushing appliance, the bars strung upon or suspended from the
distributor wires can be moved forward off from the latter and onto the magazine
wires which register with them, thus returning all the bars, whether spacers or
matrices, to their appropriate chambers in the magazine.
==
The preferred appliances which I use for this purpose are as follows :-
There are as many separate distributor wires M as there are compartments in
the magazine-in this instance nine-eight for the eight different species of matrix
bars and one for the spacers.
Each distributor wire extends horizontally lengthwise of and parallel with the
race-way, and each wire is supported and carried by two levers M M'; and near
each end of the wire. The wire is secured to the outer end of each lever which is
BO shaped that the hook of the, matrix or space bar can slide freely on the wire
from one end of it to the other.
The end of the wire which enters into the advancing hook is bevelled to a point
so that the hook will not catch against it. The two levers are secured upon a

page_text: horizontal shaft M³, which has its bearings in standards M and M, erected on the
bed plate. The series of shafts M', nine in all, are placed one above the other,
their axes being arranged with relation to each other substantially as indicated in
Figure 41, so as to give them the proper throw, the arrangement being such that
when the levers are down the distributor wires will overhang the race-way and
stand in a vertical plane the one over the other, as indicated by the dotted lines in
the figure last referred to. On the other hand when the levers are up, the wires
stand in an approximately horizontal plane in which position they register with and
form in effect a prolongation of the bar supporting wires of the several magazine
chambers to which they pertain. The plane at this time, however, as seen in the
drawing, is not absolutely horizontal, each wire being just a little below the level
of the wire next in front. This arrangement is necessary in order that when the
wires start simultaneously to descend-as they do-the rear one may just clear and
pass under the one next in front.
In order to actuate the distributor, the levers are provided on one side--in this
instance the levers M¹-with extensions or arins back of their pivots, which arms
are pinned or pivoted to blocks M each of which is held and can slide back and
forth in its own horizontal guide groove in a vertical slide bar M' supported in a
vertical guide way in a rearward extension of the standard M³.
The slots, slide blocks, lever arms and centres or pivots are so proportioned and
adjusted to the movement of the vertical slide bar M' as to give just the proper
motion and throw to each distributor wire.
The
The slide bar is actuated by a spring barrel link M³, pinned at one end to the bar
and at the other end to the front end of a lever M' pivoted at its rear in bearings
on the bed plate and having a roller stud to engage an actuating cam 6 on the line
shaft, this cam being so proportioned as to lower the distributor before the carriage
on its return movement reaches the latter, to retain the distributor in that position
while the matrix bar and spacers contained in the carriage are stringing themselves
by their hooks on the wires, and then to raise the distributor, with the bars
hanging from the wires, into position to register with the magazine wires.
spring barrel link M8 is to compensate for any over motion of the actuating cam, and
at the same time to hold the distributor wires firmly in place in their down position.
Thus, as the carriage on its return movement reaches and travels on the portion
of the race way where the distributor is located, the distributor wires will be down,
the matrix bars and spacers will consequently string themselves on their appropriate
wires, and the distributor will then be elevated, carrying with it the matrix bars
and spacers dangling from the wires, the spacers and matrix bars being each upon
its own separate and appropriate wire; and the carriage, continuing its course,
returns to the point from which it originally started, the latch 1, as the carriage
travels back past the distributor, being tripped by the trip pawl 1, so as to allow
the rear wing H' to be retracted and withdrawn from the race-way.
The matrix bars and spacers having thus been separated into appropriate groups
and raised into register with the supporting wires of their several magazine
compartments, all that remains is to push them forward onto the last named wires,
and then the work of distribution will be complete.
This result is accomplished by the pushing mechanism, best shown in
Figures 39, 40.
The pusher proper is a plate N extending below and transversely of the
distributor wires and shaped along its upper edge to properly fit around the several
distributor wires when the latter are in elevated positions; so that when it travels
lengthwise of the wires it may carry along with it the several bars hanging from the
distributor wires and wipe them off onto the magazine wires. This pusher plate is
carried by two horizontal guide rods N' supported and capable of sliding back and
forth in bearing tubes or sleeves N³, fixed on top of a standard or casting N³, attached
to the bed plate. Pinned to a suitable bearing, attached to the plate N is a link N',
which at the other end is pinned to an arm N extending from a horizontal
shaft Ne, which extends back under and transversely of the bed plate and has fixed

page_text: on its rear end a crank arm N', which by a roller stud engages the actuating
cam 7. The actuating cam and connections of the pusher are so proportioned and
timed in their movements that before the distributor wires descend the pusher will
be retracted to the left of the wires so as to clear them, as seen in Figure 39, where
it will remain until after the distributor wires have been raised into register with
the magazine wires, at which time it will advance and traverse the wires throughout
their length, carrying before it such bars as may be hanging from the wires and
pushing them off from the latter on to the magazine wires.
This completes the description of those mechanisms by which the matrix bars
and spacers from the time they leave the magazine and while they are travelling to
and from the casting point are automatically taken care of and finally returned
to the several magazine chambers from which they originally were taken.
SLUG TRIMMING AND EJECTING DEvices.
It remains only to describe first the devices for trimming the cast bar or slug,
and ejecting it from the mould onto the galley, and secondly the system of gearing
and connected appliances by which movement from the prime mover to the line
shaft and to the friction roller which operates in connection with the cam on the
bell crank lever e is imparted and controlled.
These will be described in the order named.
The devices for trimming and ejecting the cast slug or bar from the mould are
best seen in Figures 3, 4, 33, 34, 37, 42.
The slotted guide bar J', in which the mould J moves, is pivotted on a vertical
axis at its extreme left end. The purpose of this is to permit the bar to recede far
enough to draw back the nozzle of the mould, so as to strip it from the line,
as well as to remove it from the opening in the front shield or plate into which
it extends in order to meet the line. To effect this movement of the guide bar,
which need be but slight, it is connected at or near its free end by a link J'
(Figure 37) to a crank arm on a horizontal shaft J' supported beneath the bed
plate, parallel with the front of the machine. On the other end of this shaft
is a shorter crank arm, which by a connecting rod J is joined to one arm of
an angle lever J, the other arm of which lever bas a roller stud to engage the
actuating cam 8. In this way a slight movement to and from the front of the
machine is imparted to the guide bar at proper intervals.
The mould obtains its movement in and lengthwise of the guide bar from a
finger J (Figure 42) which extends between two jaws or lugs on the rear of
the mould so as to permit the lugs to move back and forth on the finger when
the guide bar is moved on its pivot. The finger extends down through a longi-
tudinal slot in the bed plate of a length sufficient to permit the travel of the
finger and is fast to a slide J dovetailed into the front of the machine below
the bed plate, so as to be capable of longitudinal movement. A link J' connects
this slide to one end of a pivotted lever Js the other end of which is toothed
as a sector to engage a corresponding toothed sector on another lever J', pivotted
between its ends, and having on its rear end a roller stud to engage the
actuating cam 9.
Upon the bed of the machine just to the left of the mould is mounted the
knife N, which shaves off the surplus type metal from that side of the mould.
Beyond this knife is the trimming die O and the ejector P, by which the slug
is forced from the mould into and through the trimming die, and onto the
galley R.
The ejector is a thin blade of size to pass through the interior of the mould,
and it is attached to a plate which is dovetailed in a guide-way in which it can
slide back and forth to and from the die O. It is thus actuated to move by an
arm P¹, pinned to it and having a forked or yoke shaped rear end which
straddles the line shaft, and has its upper prong acted on by a studs and by
its lower prong which has a hook form at its extreme end by a stud s both on

page_text: the cam disc 10; on which disc there is also, close to the centre, a cam
protuberance, which at the beginning of the forward movement will bear
against the central or axial part of the arm P¹, and thrust it forward with
great power.
The studs advances the ejector, the stud s¹ (engaging the hook end of the
fork) retracts it; and the two studs are so located that the instant the first stud
has fully advanced the ejector, the second stud will retract the ejector to normal
position. The cam acts to start the casting or slug from the mould, forcing
it loose and probably pushing it forward about an eighth of an inch; then the
advancing action is taken up and completed by the studs.
These parts are timed to move as follows:-The guide bar J, (immediately
after the casting operation) is slightly retracted, so as to strip the mould from
the line, the mould then moves along in the guide bar to the left, passing the
knife N by which surplus metal is trimmed off from the contiguous end of the
mould, friction rollers being provided at this point in the machine to support
the opposite side of the mould, and to hold it up to the knife during this
operation. The mould then moves up to the trimming die O and stops; the
guide bar J moves outward so as to bring the nozzle of the mould up close to
the die; and the ejector then advancing thrusts the slug from the mould through
the die onto the galley R, and then at once recedes to its normal position.
And the mould then returns to place in front of the pot, in time for the next
succeeding line.
In order to impart to the galley R the step by step descending movement
requisite to enable it to receive successive slugs or line bars discharged upon it from
the die, it is provided with a vertical toothed rack bar which is engaged by a
pivotted verge R¹, the upper tooth of which is jointed and forwardly or downwardly
spring pressed, so that after the full galley has descended and been emptied, it may
be lifted again to its uppermost position, the jointed spring pressed tooth of the
verge at this time yielding to permit the upward passage of the rack bar.
The verge is operated by means of a pivotted vibratory arm R' which intermit-
tently presses on the tail of the verge, so as to impart the escapement movement
needed to allow its galley to descend one step at a time by gravity-this arm by
connecting rod R³ being connected to one end of a lever R', pivotted at the rear of
the bed plate and having its other end in the path of a projection on the cam
disc 10. After any one slug has been received by the galley this projection at
once acts on the lever R to move it momentarily in a direction to cause the galley
to descend one step. The teeth of the rack bar with which the galley is provided
are of course at a distance apart, corresponding with the thickness of the slug, or
cast bar received by the galley.
STOPPING AND STARTING MECHANISM.
It remains to describe the devices for the transmission and control of motion to
the line shaft, and to the friction roller by which the cam of the lever e is actuated.
These devices are shewn in detail in Figures 3, 5, 50-54 inclusive.
The main driving wheel S takes its power from any convenient source. Attached
o and revolving with it is a pinion S' meshing with an intermediate S' which
erves to reduce the speed to the proper extent. This intermediate gears with a
inion S loose on the shaft of the friction roller e'. This shaft has on it a
andle t, which, while rotating with the shaft, can slide on it back and forth to
limited extent. The handle is compelled to rotate with the shaft by means of a pin
r dog which passes through a hole in a collar fast on the shaft. The face of
he pinion S adjoining the collar has in it a series of holes any one of which can
e entered by the dog when the handle t is moved in.
oller shaft can be clutched to or unclutched from the continuously revolving
In this way the friction-
inion S, and by this means the friction roller can be stopped and started at will.
The intermediate i0|·|

page_text: supported in proper bearings, which shaft is of course also in continuous rotation.
Mounted loosely upon this continuously rotating tubular shaft is a pinion S₁, which
has a hub that enters the annular hub of the intermediate S, and has formed on its
inner end a series of teeth which form one member of a clutch. The other
member of this clutch is formed by a toothed collar t, also loosely encircling the
shaft, and received within the annular hub of the intermediate S' which thus
forms a housing for the clutch-the teeth of this collar facing-and being fitted to
engage the teeth t. The collar t (which is the movable member of the clutch)
is made fast to a clutch shaft within the tubular shaft by means of pins extending
through longitudinal slots in the outer tubular shaft-the inner or clutch shaft
thus being compelled to revolve with the outer shaft but at the same time being
made capable of independent lengthwise movement in the latter, for the purpose of
moving the toothed collar t into and out of clutch with the other clutch member t*.
By a spring, placed within the tubular shaft and pressing against the head or
outer end of the clutch shaft, the two parts of the clutch are normally held in
engagement thus compelling the pinion S to revolve with the intermediate S.
From pinion S* movement is imparted to the line shaft by the system of
gears S, S, S', the latter gear wheel being mounted on the line shaft on which are
fixed all the operating cams herein before described.
In order to stop and start the line shaft, the clutch shaft has on its projecting
inner end, a grooved hub, into which take the prongs of the fork of a shipping
lever T, pivotted at on a vertical axis, and provided with a downwardly projecting
pint, which extends into the path of the wedge or bevelled end of a slide bar T
When this bar is pushed back, its bevelled end will bear laterally against the pin
on the shipping lever T and will force the latter over in a direction to press the
clutch shaft outward against the stress of its spring t, thus unclutching the parts
and stopping the transmission of movement to the line shaft. The moment the
slide bar is withdrawn, the shipping lever is released, and the spring at once
throws the parts again with clutch.
The slide bar T by a connecting rod T' is joined to an operating lever handle T
at the front and on the extreme right of the machine; and by the movement of the
handle the stopping and starting of the line shaft can be controlled. The handle
is fixed on a shaft T which extends across under the key board, at the left hand
end of which it is provided with an arm T', placed opposite to the line locking lever
or arm H on the line carriage, by which the movable wing H' is swung up into
place, as seen in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 28. The arrangement is such that when the
operating bandle is moved rearwardly (which is the movement for unclutching)
the line locking lever will be operated to close the wing up against the line in
the race-way.
It is desirable that after one cycle of movement has been made-that is to say
after the line carriage has moved from the assembly to the casting point, and
thence back again to the assembling point-the movement of the line shaft should
be automatically stopped. Provision is made for this as follows:-
In a longitudinal slot in a box or offset projecting from that side of the shipping
lever T next to the gear wheel S7, is a plate which can slide back and forth in
the slot as shewn in Figure 54. The plate is, by a spring, pressed rearwardly so
that its rear end will project beyond the rear of the offset in which it is mounted.
In this position the end of the plate is in the path of a wiper al on the gear wheel S'
which wiper, when it reaches the projecting rear portion of the plate will wipe
laterally against it and thus will force the shipping lever over in a direction to
unclutch at which time the motion of the gear wheel S' consequently ceases, its
wiper therefore still remaining in contact with the slide plate, and thus holding
the shipper lever in unclutching position. The plate consequently must be with-
drawn from the wiper before the shipping lever can move in the opposite or
clutching direction. To this end, there is pivotted on the lower part of the
shipping lever a vertical toggle finger one end of which engages the slide plate
and the other end of which engages the slide bar T'. Rearward movement of the

page_text: forward against the
The engagement of
slide bar will cause the toggle finger to pull the slide plate
stress of its spring, thus removing it from the wiper .
the toggle finger with the slide bar is made by. means of a slot in the slide bar
which the finger enters; and the bevel or incline on the end of the slide bar is so
proportioned that when the slide bar moves outwardly it will permit the shipping
lever to more the clutching position and then to start the line shaft in motion
before the toggle arm permits the slide plate by its spring to be forced back its
full distance, and in this way by the time the slide plate gets back to normal
position, the wiper x, by the starting of the gear wheel S', will have passed
beyond it.
The wiper is so positioned that it stops the line shaft at the instant the carriage
has fully returned to the assembly point.
Thus, in order to start the machine after it has stopped automatically, the
operating handle is moved, first in and then out. By its inward movement the line
locking lever H' is operated to close the carriage upon the line, and the slide plate x
is drawn forward out of the path of the wiper ¹. By its outward movement the
shipping lever is permitted to move in clutching direction, which it at once does,
with the effect of starting the line shaft, and the slide plate is also permitted to
return to its original position, which it does, but not until the wiper on the now
revolving gear wheel S' has moved far enough to clear it.
The moment the gear wheel S' completes a full revolution, the machine is again
automatically stopped by the action of the slide plate x and wiper. But at any
time during the movement the machine can be manually stopped and started by
means of the main operating handle T³.
The manner in which the machine as a whole operates has been so fully indicated
and set out in connection with the detailed description already given of the several
mechanisms, which go to make up the machine, that nothing further on that point
is deemed necessary.
In conclusion it is remarked that the devices for casting trimming and ejecting
the slug, although they may contain novel features of mechanical detail, yet are
essentially old devices which have been before used for type casting and like
purposes. The casting of type in a mould by means of metal injected into the
mould from one end against removable and interchangeable matrices closing the
other end of the mould has long been known, and the bar thus cast has by suitable
means been trimmed and removed from the mould. The material features of this
invention, aside from the matrix bars themselves, are to be found in the means for
storing, delivering and assembling the matrices, conveying the line to the casting
point, and then distributing the individual members of that line, and returning them
to their appropriate storage or magazine chambers. These means are particularly
adapted to the needs of a system in which is employed a series of matrices of the
kind hereinbefore described, these matrices being disconnected from the machine,
and each one of them bearing several different characters, independently usable
and less in number than the whole assortment of characters used in the machine;
but some of these means, and some portions of the mechanisms used to operate on
and control said matrix bars or matrices, are susceptible of use in other connections.
The scheme of distributing the line is believed to be quite new, and also the
provision by which any one of the disconnected bars, when it is delivered, is
arrested at the point where the selected character upon it is in position to enter the
line that is being composed. The same is true also of the delivery and assembling
mechanisms. As to the justifier which is employed, it probably possesses novel
mechanical details, but as these can be varied considerably by the skilled mechanic
no particular stress is laid on them. The general scheme of justification embodied
in it which contemplates the introduction of compound spaces at proper points into
the line while it is being set up, and then the subsequent advancement or forcing
forward of these spaces simultaneously and together so as to symmetrically and
uniformly expand and justify the line, is not new, it being disclosed in Gally's
expired U.S. Patent No. 129,331 of July 16, 1872.

page_text: Finally, I desire it to be understood that I do not restrict myself to the
mechanical details herein before described in illustration of this invention.
Manifestly these can be very widely varied in many particulars by the skilled.
mechanic without material change in result and without essential departure from
the spirit of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination in a machine for casting lines of type having suitable
operating mechanism, of a series of matrices disconnected from the machine, and
each of the matrices having several different characters, less in number than the
assortment used in the machine, the characters being independently usable substan-
tially as herein before described.
2. In a machine for casting lines of type a series of matrix bars each having a
body part of uniform width and thickness throughout and disconnected from the
machine and each provided with a group of different characters in intaglio type,
less in number than the assortment used in the machine and upon one edge thereof,
the characters being independently usable, a corresponding series of aligning
notches upon its opposite edge, and an individual selecting device for each species
of the series, substantially as herein before described.
3. A matrix bar having a body part of uniform width and thickness, disconnected
from the machine and having a group of different characters less in number than
the assortment used in the machine of substantially the same face width, the
characters being independently useable and all upon one edge thereof and having a
corresponding series of aligning notches upon its opposite edges, substantially as
herein before described.
4. The combination in a machine for casting lines of type having suitable
operating mechanism, of a series of matrices constructed to be assembled side by
side in different orders to form the impression line, each matrix having several
different characters less in number than the assortment used in the machine, the
characters being independently usable substantially as hereinbefore described.
5. A series of matrix bars disconnected from the machine and each carrying a
group of different characters formed in intaglio type upon one edge, each species of
the series provided with a selecting device forming part and moving with it, as a
hook, differing in size from each other for each species of the series.
6. A series of matrix bars disconnected from the machine and having body pieces
of the same length and width and each provided with a selecting device forming part
of and moving with it and differing in size for each species of matrix bar substan-
tially as hereinbefore described.
7. In a machine for casting lines of type a series of matrix bars having body
pieces of the same length and width and each provided with a selecting device
forming part of and moving with the bar, and differing in size for each species of:
the matrix bar, the selecting devices of the matrix bars being adapted to be
arranged in the same vertical plane when said bars are assembled to form a line,
and means for engaging the selecting devices of a line of matrix bars and elevating
and separating the different species simultaneously substantially as hereinbefore
described.
8. In a machine for casting lines of type the combination of a matrix bar having
a group of different intaglio type impressed upon one edge and a corresponding
series of aligning notches upon its other edge, an aligning bar, and a series of stops
adapted to arrest the matrix bar with any desired notch opposite the aligning bar,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
9. In a machine for casting lines of type in combination, a matrix bar having a
group of different intaglio type impressed upon one edge, and a corresponding series
of aligning notches upon its other edge, an aligning bar, a series of stops adapted to
arrest the matrix bar with any desired notch opposite the aligning-bar, and a detent

page_text: to prevent displacement of the arrested matrix bar, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
10. In a machine for casting lines of type in combination, a matrix bar provided
with a group of intaglio type on one edge and a corresponding series of aliguing
notches upon its other edge, an aligning bar adapted to engage any one of the
notches, a series of adjustable stops adapted to arrest the matrix bar with any
desired notch opposite the stationary aligning bar, and means for pushing the matrix
bar from the stop and into engagement with the aligning bar, substantially as
herein before described.
11. In combination in a machine for casting lines of type having a race-way, a
matrix bar provided with a group of intaglio type on one edge and a corresponding
series of aligning notches on its other edge, an aligning bar constructed to be
engaged by any one of the notches, a series of adjustable stops adapted to arrest the
matrix bar at any aligning point, and means for pushing the matrix bar from its
supporting stop horizontally into the race-way and into engagement with the
aligning bar, and a spring detent at the entrance to the race-way for preventing the
return of the matrix bar substantially as herein before described.
12. In combination in a machine for casting lines of type having a race-way, a
series of matrix bars, cach having a group of intaglio type on one edge, and a
corresponding series of aligning notches on the other edge, an aligning bar
constructed to be engaged by any one of the notches, a series of adjustable stops
adapted to arrest any matrix bar at the aligning point means for advancing the
matrix bars from their stops into the race-way, and into engagement with the
aligning bar, a spring detent at the entrance to the race-way to prevent the return
of the matrix bars, and a spring yielding abutment against which the forward
end of the line bears during the assembling operation substantially as hereinbefore
described.
13. In a machine for casting lines of type, the combination of a matrix har
formed with intaglio type on one edge, corresponding aligning notches on its
opposite edge, a stationary aligning bar, a vertical series of stops corresponding
with the aligning notches of the matrix bar, a finger key and connected mechanism
for projecting any one of the stops into the path of the matrix bar, and means for
subsequently engaging the matrix bar with the aligning bar to bring the desired
character into line substantially as hereinbefore described.
14. In a machine for casting lines of type, the combination with the plurality
of matrix bars each provided with a group of different type in intaglio upon its
front edge, and a corresponding series of aligning notches upon its rear edge, a
stationary aligning bar, a vertical series of stops corresponding with the aligning
notches, means as finger keys and connections whereby the desired stop can be
projected into the path of the matrices, and means for engaging the liberated
matrix bar with the aligning bars, whereby the selected character upon each
matrix bar is brought to a uniform line substantially as hereinbefore described.
15. The combination with the series of matrix bars each having a group of type
on its edge, of a magazine having a chamber for and adapted to contain a plurality
of each species of the series, means for separately delivering either species of
matrix bars, a series of stops corresponding to the characters upon the matrices,
finger keys and connected mechanism whereby any desired stop can be projected
into the path of and any one of the matrix bars delivered upon said stop
substantially as hereinbefore described.
16. The combination of a series of matrix bars each having a similar number of
intaglio type upon one edge, and corresponding aligning notches upon its rear edge,
a magazine having a separate chamber for each species of matrix bar, and means
for delivering them separately in a vertical path, an aligning bar, a series of stops
corresponding in number to the characters of the matrix bar, means for discharging
the matrix bar from the magazine and means for projecting any one of the stops
into the path of the matrix bar for arresting it at the desired point substantially as
hereinbèfore described.

page_text: 17. The combination with the matrix bar magazine, the assembly box, and
mechanism for delivering a selected matrix from the magazine to the assembly box,
of a series of stops, mechanism whereby the appropriate one of said stops is
projected into the path of the delivered matrix to arrest the descent, and a detent
to prevent displacement of the arrested matrix substantially as hereinbefore
described.
18. A series of matrix bars, each having a body piece of the same height and.
width, but differing in thickness, and an upwardly extending hook of different
height for each specics of matrix bar, a magazine having a separate chamber for
each species of matrix and a wire for sustaining the same by their hooks, a channel
leading from each chamber to adjacent delivery points, and a gate in each channel,
said gate acting in its forward movement to project a matrix bar to the delivery
point, and hold it there and in its rearward movement to release the same for use
substantially as hereinbefore described.
19. A matrix bar magazine comprising separate chambers for each species of
matrix, a delivery channel extending at right angles from each chamber to the
point of delivery, and an assembling box below the delivery point and receiving the
matrix bars from all the channels substantially as hereinbefore described.
20. A matrix bar magazine having separate chambers for each species of matrix,
a delivery channel extending from each chamber to the point of delivery, each
delivery channel being at right angles to the matrix bar chambers, and an
assembling box below the delivery point and receiving the matrix bars from all the
channels substantially as herein before described.
21. A matrix bar magazine having separate storage chamber for each species of
matrix, a delivery channel for each species of matrix arranged at right angles to
the storage chambers, a delivery device in connection with each channel, and a
vibrating device in each channel arranged to keep the matrix bar in position to
engage the delivery device substantially as hereinbefore described.
22. A magazine for storing matrix bars having a separate chamber for each species
of matrix bar, a delivery channel extending at right angles from each chamber to
the point of delivery and normally charged with matrix bars, a delivery device in
connection with each channel, and a spring for accelerating the delivery of the
matrix bar substantially as hereinbefore described.
23. In combination with a magazine comprising a separate chamber for each
species of matrix bar, a separate delivery channel extending at right angles from
each chamber to the delivery point, the assembling box arranged to receive matrix
bars from all the channels, the race-way extending from the assembling box, an
automatic detent at the entrance of the race-way, and an ejector for opening the
assembling box and ejecting the matrix bars beyond the detent and into the race-
way substantially as herein before described.
24. In combination, a matrix bar magazine, delivering devices for the separate
species of matrix bars, a vertical channel extending downwardly from the adjacent
delivery points of the respective channels, au assembling box at the lower part of
the vertical channel and a series of stops, any one of which is adapted to be
temporarily interposed in the assembling box to stop the descending matrix bar
at the desired point substantially as hereinbefore described.
25. The combination with the magazine, the matrix bar delivering channels at
right angles thereto, the delivery devices, the assembling box, the adjustable stops,
a race-way extending at right angles thereto, a carriage for receiving the matrix
bars and an ejector for opening the assembling box, and delivering the matrix bar
to the carriage substantially as herein before described.
26. The combination of the assembly box, the series of stops adapted to be
projected therein, the matrix bar magazine, the delivery gates therefor, the ejector,
and the bell crank lever and its cam connected to and adapted to operate in
connection with the delivery gates and the ejector, substantially as and for the
purposes herein before set forth.
27. A distributing device for matrix bars and the like comprising carriers and

page_text: means for arranging them in one plane, when in receiving position and for
separating them into other planes to deliver different species of matrix
simultaneously substantially as hereinbefore described.
28. A distributor device for matrix bars and the like, differing in species,
comprising carriers and means for arranging them in one plane when in receiving
position at the race-way, to engage all the matrix bars of a line, and for separating
the carriers and matrix bars into other planes, according to species, and to deliver
the matrix bars simultaneously to their proper magazines.
29. A distributing device for matrix bars and the like, constructed to receive a
line of matrix bars in the path or race-way where they are assembled and raise
them therefrom and separate them into different horizontal planes and deliver them
properly separated, and simultaneously to the magazines whence they were taken
substantially as hereinbefore described.
+
30. In combination, the chambered magazine, a distributor having a matrix bar
engaging wire for each chamber, said wires being carried upon radially moving
arms or levers, constructed to swing them from the chambers to proper positions in
the path or race-way for receiving the hooks of the matrix bars, and by a reverse
movement to elevate and separate the different species of matrix bars, for delivery.
each to its proper chamber of the magazine, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
31. The combination of the matrix bar magazine having separate chambers for
each species of matrix bar, a supporting wire in each chamber upon which the
matrix bars are sustained, a series of radially moving distributing arms or levers
each provided with a distributing wire arranged to register with the corresponding
wire of a magazine chamber when in its elevated position, and means for depressing
said distributor arms to bring the distributor wires into a vertical plane over the
race-way, to engage the selecting hooks of the several species of matrices
substantially as hereinbefore described.
32. The matrix bar distributor in combination with the chambered magazine,
the distributor having a radially moving arm for each species of matrix bar, said
series of arms each carrying a distributor wire, means for moving said arms, said
arms being so pivotted and proportioned each to the other that in their downward
position they will occupy a vertical plane above the race-way, and means for
moving said arms upward, whereby upon such movement the arms will be separated
horizontally, so as to register each with its corresponding chamber of the magazine,
thereby elevating and separating the matrix bars according to species, and a pusher
for wiping the matrix bars from the distributor wires into the storage chambers of
the magazine substantially as hereinbefore described.
33. In a machine for casting lines of type having a race-way for the matrices,.
a magazine having a separate chamber for each species of matrix bar, matrix
bars divided into species each having a selecting device different from the other,
distributing wire carriers normally registering each with a chamber of the
magazine, and operating mechanism for first moving the distributing wire carriers
to a position above the race-way where they will automatically receive the selecting
devices of the matrix bars in the race-way and then changing their position to
separate and transfer the matrices each to its proper magazine chamber, substantially
as herein before described.
34. In a machine for casting lines of type having a race-way and a carriage for
moving the assembled line along the race-way, the combination with the distributor,
the aligning bar, and the line carriage, of mechanism for depressing the matrix
bars and spacers to predetermined levels after the casting operation and before
they engage the distributor, and aligning-bar retracting mechanism and carriage-
spreading mechanism, which operate to withdraw the aligning bar from engagement
with the matrix bars, and to loosen the hold of the carriage on the line, before the
depressor acts thereon substantially as hereinbefore described.
35. In combination, the key levers, the matrix bar releasing mechanism and the

page_text: interchangeable slide bars connecting the key levers and matrix bar releasing
mechanism, substantially as herein before described.
36. In combination, the key levers, the matrix bar releasing mechanism and stop
bars, and the interchangeable slide bars connecting the key levers, the matrix bar
releasing mechanism and the stop bars substantially as hereinbefore described.
37. In a machine. for casting lines of type, the combination with the finger key
levers, the stop bars and the matrix bar delivering mechanism all in fixed relation,
of interchangeable slide bars extending between the key levers, the stop bars and
the matrix bar delivering mechanism to be operated substantially as hereinbefore
described.
38. In combination, the finger key levers, the rocker rods, the stop bars, and the
slide bars connecting the key levers with the mechanism to be operated, said slide
bars each provided with distinctive means for engaging predetermined combinations
of stop bar and matrix bar delivering mechanism and arranged to be inter-
changeable with the key levers substantially as hereinbefore described.
39. In combination, the finger key levers, their rear ends arranged in line across
the key-board, the matrix bar releasing mechanism also in line across the key-
board, the stop bars in line across the key-board, and the slide bars interchangeable
with the key levers and each provided with extensions arranged to engage
predetermined combinations of stop bar and matrix bar releasing mechanism,
wherever located in their field substantially as hereinbefore described.
40. In combination, the non-changeable finger key levers stop bars and matrix
bar delivering mechanisms, the assembly-box into which the stop bars are projected
and which is arranged to receive the matrix bars, and a series of interchangeable
connecting bars intermediate the key levers, stop bars, and matrix bar delivering
mechanism, and each provided with a selecting device or devices for projecting the
desired stop into the assembly box and releasing the desired matrix bar substantially
as hereinbefore described.
41. In combination, the chambered matrix bar magazine, the delivering channels,
the spring actuated delivery gates, the retracting device actuated by and restoring
said gates to their operative positions, the spring detents for holding said gates, the
slide bars E, each provided with extensions for rocking a rod and projecting a stop
bar and releasing the desired matrix bar and arresting it at the desired point, and
the key levers for actuating the said slide bars and with which they are inter-
changeable substantially as herein before described.
42. In a machine for casting lines of type, the combination of a series of matrices
each bearing several distinct characters, and mechanism for selecting and conducting
the matrices to a place of assemblage or alignment, and adjusting the matrices
end wise individually in order to bring their selected characters one on each matrix,
into a common line substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 12th day of September 1802
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.