Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids by the Condensation of Steam or other Gases, or by the Passage of Hot or Cold Liquids through or around Pipes or Tubes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids by the
Condensation of Steam or other Gases, or by the Passage of Hot
or Cold Liquids through or around Pipes or Tubes.
I, JOHN THOMPSON COPE, of 86, Tiverton Road, Selly Oak, Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Hot Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates mainly to that class of apparatus by means of which
steam is condensed within or around tubes or other vessels for the purpose of
heating water or other liquids. In an apparatus constructed in accordance with
my invention in this form I use a cylindrical or other shaped vessel with inlet
and outlet branches for the passage of the water or other liquid to be heated,
and separate inlet and outlet chambers for the steam or other gases to be condensed
for the said purposes. The latter chambers are connected by means of tubes of
a novel construction hereinafter to be described. I take tubes of any suitable
metal or material of a cross section either circular, square, triangular or
pentagonal and form a spiral groove or grooves upon the same running from
end to end at any desired pitch or closeness. This groove or these grooves in
section may be triangular or rectangular or circular or otherwise for the purpose
of retarding the passage of the water or other liquid either passing inside or outside
the said tubes for the more effective condensation of the steam externally or
internally applied. These spiral grooves may be formed by twisting the same to
any desired extent upon their axis or may be otherwise formed by any suitable
machine or appliance. Further beyond this I may bend these spirally grooved
tubes in a zig zag form with rectangular or circular loops and a series of the
said tubes may be arranged within a vessel so that the said loops may cross or
interlace each other either radially or transversely for still further increasing
the effectiveness of the apparatus. The ends of the tubes may be left cylindrical
for packing rings into tube end plates or may be brazed or otherwise attached
to junctions or chambers with free expansion. Instead of steam, condensation
the passage of hot or boiling liquids through or around the said tubes may be
utilized for heating or warming purposes. For cooling purposes either brinous
liquids or other cooling liquids or vapours may be passed through or around the
said tubes for the purposes aforesaid.
"
0
• T
1000
JOHN THOMPSON COPE.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Liquids by the
Condensation of Steam or other Gases, or by the Passage of Hot
or Cold Liquids through or around Pipes or Tubes.
I, JOHN THOMPSON COPE, of 86, Tiverton Road, Selly Oak, Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Hot Water Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates mainly to that class of apparatus by means of which
steam is condensed within or around tubes or other vessels for the purpose of
beating water or other liquids. In an apparatus constructed in accordance with
my invention in this form I use a cylindrical or other shaped vessel with inlet
and outlet branches for the passage of the water or other liquid to be heated,
and separate inlet and outlet chambers for the steam or other gases to be condensed
for the said purposes. The latter chambers are connected by means of tubes of
a novel construction hereinafter to be described. I take tubes of any suitable
metal or material of a cross section either circular, square, triangular or
pentagonal and form a spiral groove or grooves upon the same running from
end to end at any desired pitch or closeness. This groove or these grooves in
section may be triangular or rectangular or circular or otherwise for the purpose
of retarding the passage of the water or other liquid either passing inside or outside
the said tubes for the more efficient, condensation of the steam externally or
internally applied. These spiral grooves may be formed by twisting the same to
any desired extent upon their axis or may be otherwise formed by any suitable
machine or appliance. Further beyond this I may bend these spirally grooved
tubes in a zig zag form with rectangular or circular loops and a series of the
said tubes may be arranged within a vessel so that the said loops may cross or
interlace each other either radially or transversely for still further increasing
the effectiveness of the apparatus.
The ends of the tubes may be left cylindrical for packing rings into tube end plates
or may be brazed or otherwise attached to junctions or chambers with free expan-
sion. Instead of steam condensation the passage of hot or boiling liquids through
or around the said tubes may be utilized for heating or warming purposes.
For cooling purposes either brineous liquids or other cooling liquids or vapours
may be passed through or around the said tubes for the purposes aforesaid.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawing is a section of a calorifier with my new
tubes applied.
The upper part of this section shews grooved tubes straight and the lower part
shews the tubes bent and interlaced.
Figure 2 shews an elevation to a larger scale of part of a tube made in accordance
with my invention with spiral grooves.
Figure 3 is an elevation of part of a rectangular tube twisted into a spiral form
in accordance with my invention.
Figures 4 and 5 are cross sections of Figures 2 and 3 respectively.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures.
In Figure 1, A. is the casing of a steam heated calorifier with steam chambers a a,
inlet and outlet water pipes a³ a³. B is the steam inlet pipe and 6 the pipe to
steam trap for the water from the condensed steami.
C, C, are the heating tubes made of copper or any other suitable material and
to the particular conformation of which my invention mainly applies.
Figures 2 and 4 shew in elevation and section my new tubes in one form,

page_text: C being the body of the tube and c c the spiral grooves which may be made of
any desired depth or shape and may be one two or more in number or of short
or long pitch spirally.
In Figures 3 and 5 I shew a rectangular tube twisted upon its axis to any
desired extent so forming spiral grooves for the same purpose.
The ends of the tubes may be of a round shape and may be attached to the
steam chamber or tube plates by brazing or by packings or by nuts or collars as
shewn at C C².
The tubes whether straight as shewn in the upper part of Figure 1 or interlaced
as shewn on the lower part may be made in either of the modes above described
and in the case of the tubes that are looped the attachments may be solid at
the ends as the spring of the tubes would allow for the necessary expansion.
Instead of the rectangular tube twisted as shewn in Figures 3 and 5˚ I
tubes of a triangular or other section as and for the same purpose.
may twist
It is obvious that the steam may be outside and the water inside for heating
purposes or that suitable liquids, gases or vapours for cooling or freezing may be
used in a similar apparatus in accordance with my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The construction and use of an apparatus for heating liquids with tubes that
are spirally grooved substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described
and set forth.
2. The construction and use of such tubes of flat, rectangular, triangular, square
or other suitable section twisted substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and set forth.
3. The construction and use of such tubes in an apparatus to be used for cooling
or refrigerating purposes.