matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED TOOL OR APPLIANCE FOR CALKING BOILER PLATES, SHIP PLATES, AND OTHER METALIC PLATES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bailey Holroyde at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1874.-A communication from abroad by James
William Connery and Walter James Holroyde, both of Philadelphia,
in the County of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, United
States of America.
I, JOHN BAILEY HOLROYDE, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED TOOL OR APPLIANCE FOR CALKING BOILER PLATES, SHIP PLATES,
AND OTHER METALIC PLATES," a communication to me from abroad by
James William Connery and Walter James Holroyde, both of Phila-
delphia, in the County of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania,
United States of America, to be as follows:-
.
This Invention has for its object the construction, appliance, and use
of an improved tool, instrument, or appliance for calking the seams of
steam boilers, tanks, and all kinds of vessels composed of or covered
with wrought metal plates; and it consists of a calking chisel or tool
having a convex edge, whereby a concave channel or depression will be

page_text: formed in the edge of the upper or overlapping plate, and a lip or flange
thereby produced and made to impinge and bed closely to and against
the adjacent surface of the lower or under plate.
The principal advantages of this method of calking are that the
indenting and consequent weakening of the lower plate, caused by the
use of the ordinary or split calking tool, is avoided, and that the metal
at the edge of the upper plate is compressed, and a larger impinging
surface produced than heretofore, according to the ordinary method.
The manipulation of this tool is similar to that required in the
ordinary operation; that is, the edge of the tool is laid against the edge
of the overlapping plate and then driven with sufficient force to compress
the metal, which it does, producing as before observed a concave
channel. The tool is of course held at a proper inclination so as to drive
the metal toward the lower plate. As the edge of the overlapping plate
yields the lower portion of the concave groove or depression gradually
projects beyond the original line of the seam and produces a lip or
flange, while the metal behind the latter bulges downward or inward
toward the lower plate, and forms a continuation of the lip or flange.
In this way the seam is more tightly and evenly calked than when
subjected to the ordinary method; while, as will be readily comprehended,
no indentation or cutting of the lower plate whatever occurs, and this
calking may be effectively accomplished by the use of a single tool used.
throughout the operation; but it may be found convenient and desirable
in some instances to employ a set of different sized tools, in which case
the work would be commenced with the smallest, and completed with
the largest.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED FLUSHING AND DEODORIZING AND DISINFECTING APPARATUS FOR USE IN URINALS, WATERCLOSETS, AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harry Langston Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1874.
I, HARRY LANGSTON JONES, of Webster's Hotel, Ely Place, Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED COMBINED FLUSHING AND
DEODORIZING AND DISINFECTING APPARATUS FOR USE IN URINALS, WATERCLOSETS,
AND SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The disinfecting apparatus employed is similar to that described in
Letters Patent granted to me under the No. 2466, and dated July 14,
1874. This is arranged inside a case or box of metal or other suitable
substance divided in the centre, and placed in any convenient position
above the urinal.
The piston of the glass lined cylinder, as described in the aforesaid
Patent, is actuated by means of a balance rod oscillating on a bar passing
through the centre and at the upper part of the case; one end of this
lever is weighted whilst the other is supplied with a two or more cupped
wheel slung and pivoting within the forked arms of the rod at that end,

page_text: the upper cup when stationary resting against a block or projection
attached to the side of the case, and whose object is as follows:-
The water from the main is supplied by a pipe arranged so that it
shall flow into the upper cup"; this as it gradually fills descends by
sliding down the block till it reaches the bottom, when being free it
turns over, emptying its contents into the case.
The superior weight of the cup (when filled) over the weighted end of
the balance rod causes the latter to rise, lifting with it the piston, and
thus allows the disinfectant fluid to enter below the piston, and when
the cup discharges its contents as described above, the weight rapidly
descending presses down the piston and forces the fluid to ascend the
pipe connected to the piston cylinder, thence to empty its contents into
the water in the case or box, the other cup at the same time occupying
the place of the first; thus by the alternate see-saw motion of the cups
at one end of the balance rod, and the weight at the other (produced by
the flow of the water from the main into the cups), an intermittent
and simultaneous flushing and disinfecting process is sustained at intervals
in accordance with the flow or force of water from the main, which is
regulated by a tap.
A NEW OR AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PROTECTING INDIA-RUBBER VAlves, Tubes, anD OTHER LIKE ÅRTICLES FROM CHEMICAL ACTION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Quin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1874.
I, JAMES QUIN, of Leyland, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR AN IMPROVED METHOD
FOR PROTECTING INDIA-RUBBER VAlves, Tubes, anD OTHER LIKE ÅRTICLES FROM
CHEMICAL ACTION," to be as follows:-
The mineral spirit and other chemical matter contained in many
lubricating oils often proves a solvent to india-rubber packings and valves,
likewise india-rubber tubes used (or might rather be more universally
used if such material was made impervious to chemical action). The
object therefore of my Invention is to make the surface of such articles
impervious without in the least degree affecting (injuriously) the
elasticity.
For valves I provide an elastic cloth, which I saturate or face with
metallic or vegetable substance, such as lead, or tin, or tinfoil, or tea lead
so called, or any metallic mixture of a similar nature or consistency, or
varnish varied to suit the different purposes required. These valves or

page_text: such like articles I encase by such cloth (I likewise can and do coat
such articles with the substance without the cloth). When so prepared
I place them in moulds of proper shape and size, and subject them to
the usual heat for vulcanizing. This same process applies to all kinds of
india-rubber packings.
For tubes I apply an inside casing of same material, but in some cases
and for special purposes, I provide instead or as the case may demand, a
thin casing of metallic foil which I thoroughly impregnate with the
inner surface of the tube previous to vulcanising. In all cases when
vulcanized they are inseparable (the rubber and casing)..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SELF-ACTING RELEASING COUPLING FOR CARRIAGES OR VEHICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Nathaniel Peck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th July 1874.
I, SAMUEL NATHANIEL PECK, of Peckham, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SELF-ACTING RELEASING COUPLING FOR CARRIAGES OR
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
•
The Invention is designed for the purpose of offering a ready means of
uncoupling horses from the traces or shafts of vehicles in case of
accident, or when it is desired to remove the horse speedily from the
vehicle without disarranging the trappings; and the improvements
consist in providing the "whipletree" connecting the traces of the
horse with the vehicle with a central projecting finger or bar provided
with an eye or socket which can be inserted with facility into a central
hole prepared to receive it in the draw bar or cross bearing of the carriage;
vertically to this hole and at right angles thereto a second hole is made;
into this hole a bolt forming a portion of a lever is placed, the said lever
having its fulcrum secured to one end of the cross bearer and provided

page_text: "
or
with a handle at its opposite end, the bolt being placed at the
intermediate distance, so that when the eye of the splinter rod. "
whipletree is inserted in the central hole of the cross bearer the lever
bolt is shot therein and retained in that position by the weight of the
lever or by a spring or other equivalent. which can be readily released
or lifted by hand or foot when it is desired to withdraw the horse from
the vehicle in cases of emergency or otherwise.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MARBLE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Deane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
September 1874.
I, THOMAS DEANE, of 61, Cambridge Road, Hammersmith, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL MARBLE," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
artificial marble; for this purpose I employ the following ingredients :-
30 parts.
Oxide of lead
Sand
Pearl ash
Nitro
Borax
White arsenic
-
Cryolite -
-
10
"
-
50.
"
"
20.
"
-
15
"
2
-
"
-
20
"
These ingredients when throughly mixed I fuse together in a pot
similar to the pots employed in the manufacture of glass.

page_text: In order to produce slabs I proceed as in the manufacture of plate
glass; I roll the melted mass upon an iron table to an uniform thickness,
and I afterwards pass the slab so produced into an annealing furnace.
Artificial marble slabs so manufactured may afterwards be ground and
polished.
Or, the fused composition may be moulded in iron moulds in a similar
manner to that in which articles of cast glass are produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR TREATING HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lawson, of the Hope Foundry, Leeds,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR TREATING HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER
FIBRES."
'
Sealed the 16th February 1875, and dated the 15th December 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1874.
I, THOMAS LAWSON, of the Hope Foundry, Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING OR TREATING HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER
FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
preparing or treating hemp, jute, and other fibres.

page_text: The Invention is applicable to machines in which the teeth for
dressing the fibre are mounted upon bars or fallers, which are connected
together so as to form an endless chain or sheet. Such a machine is
described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Alfred Vincent
Newton, dated the 22nd day of August 1871, No. 2211.
Now in order to provide sufficient room to admit of the proper control
of the position of the teeth as the sheet or chain passes round the rollers,
and yet admit of the bars being set closely together, I do not as here-
tofore pass the ends of the bars through the studs of the chain links,
but I form on each link a projection above the centre of the link and
over the pitch line of the chain, and these projections carry the ends of
the bars or fallers. In other respects I form the chain as is described.
in the Specification already referred to.
The links are formed with studs of a length and size to ensure
sufficient surface to prevent rapid wear, and the studs of the alternate
links are hollow or tubular, and receive the other studs within them.
་
In order to drive the endless sheet of fallers I make the inner studs of
the chains to project on one or both sides, and to gear with corre-
sponding pinions on the carrying rollers. I make the carrying roller
at the entrance end of large size, double the size of the roller at the
delivery end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS AND NUTS AND IN THE MODE OF FASTENING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Franklin Stevens at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th March 1874.-A communication from abroad by William
Johnson Reid, of the City of New York, in the United States of
America.
I, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN STEVENS, of Henrietta Street, Covent Garden,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS AND NUTS AND IN THE MODE OF
FASTENING THE SAME," a communication to me from abroad by William
Johnson Reid, of the City of New York, in the United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming a flat on the screwed portion of
the bolt over which is placed a washer having a hole through it similar
in shape to the section of the bolt at the screwed or flatted part so
as to prevent its turning on the latter; this washer is furnished with
ratchet teeth on its outer face or that face against which the nut presses
when tightening up. Secured to the nut of the bolt on its outside is a
spring which passes through the nut and projects from its inside face

page_text: in the form of a tooth; this tooth engages witli the ratchet teeth on the
washer in such a manner that when the nut is turned against the washer
in the act of tightening up the spring on the nut will give and allow
the free action of the latter, but when there is a tendency in the nut to
turn in the opposite direction or slacken on the bolt the tooth of the
spring will lock itself against one of the ratchet teeth of the washer and
the nut be prevented from further movement.
By separating the spring from the nut the tooth can be disengaged
from the ratchet teeth on the washer and the nut slackened on the bolt
if required.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSHIPPING COAL AND BULK CARGO
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turton and Ernest
Latham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th February 1874.
We, THOMAS TURTON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Iron and Steel Manufacturer, and ERNEST LATHAM, of Birkenhead,
in the County of Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSHIPPING COAL AND
BULK CARGO," to be as follows:―
Our Invention which has been devised and perfected for facilitating
the transference of coal, grain, salt, tanning materials, and bulk cargo
generally, from one floating vessel to another, more particularly when
there is a difference in level between the decks or the depth of hold of
the two vessels, relates to that class of apparatus in which endless
travelling chains or bands with buckets or their equivalents for elevating
or lowering are employed.
For the purpose of giving stability to apparatus used for the purpose
named, and for the purpose of bringing the endless chains near to the
cargo to be discharged from a vessel, we, under the first head of our

page_text: Invention make the whole apparatus portable longitudinally along the
deck by mounting it on four or more wheels, the distance between the
wheels on one side and those on the other being by preference equal to
the width of the hatchway combings. The framework of timber or
metal is of at least the same width as the distance between the wheels
and serves to guide or support endless chains or bands and buckets, or
the novel apparatus hereafter described under the second head.
The second part of our Invention consists in using with the above
described first part two or more endless chains provided with hooks or
their equivalents for carrying upwards or downwards, as the case may
be, buckets or other containers into which the cargo is filled. These
endless chains are carried and operated by and through pullies which
are adjustable vertically to the height required by long screwed rods or
their mechanical equivalents. In that way the apparatus can be
adjusted to the depth of cargo in the hold and to the level of the
discharging shoot.
It will be obvious that in coaling ocean-going ships from lighters by
our appliances, and for that purpose they are especially suitable, the
endless chains would not only carry upwards the full buckets but also
bring down the empty ones.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL IN FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Henry Brady at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th February 1874.
I, FREDERIC HENRY BRADY, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Hardware Merchant and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
ECONOMIZING FUEL IN FIRE-GRATES," to be as follows :-
1
My improved apparatus to be applied to fire-grates for the purpose of
economizing fuel in the said grates is constructed and used in the
following manner :-The said apparatus is placed at the back of the fire-
grate so as to diminish the fire-space of the grate. The said apparatus
consists of a vertical frame of slightly convex bars, the said frame of
bars having a curved figure in horizontal section. The said frame of
bars is supported upon a hollow foot or base which projects from the
front of the frame of bars into the fire-grate. The middle of the front
edgo of the said hollow foot or base is open, while the parts on either
side of it are closed, and are of a concave figure. The said hollow foot
or base constitutes a short horizontal flue at the bottom of the frame of
bars, and is open to the back or inner side of the frame of bars. At the

page_text: back or inner side of the frame of bars, and nearly at the middle thereof
is a horizontal ledge or a series of horizontal pegs. The object of this
ledge or series of pegs is herein-after explained. At the top of the
frame of bars is a nearly horizontal covering plate having an opening in
its middle. This covering plate projects from the frame of bars in an
opposite direction to that in which the hollow foot or base projects.
In using the apparatus it is placed at the back of the grate, its hollow
foot or base resting on the bottom of the grate, and its top covering plate
resting against the back wall of the grate. A block or blocks of fire-
clay or picces of fire-clay or fire-balls, alone or mixed with coal or other
combustible matter, are placed through the opening in the top covering
plate, and supported on the ledge or series of pegs on the inner side of
the apparatus. The said top covering is then closed by a plate, and the
fire be built in the grate, a portion of the coal or fuel resting on
the horizontal foot or base of the apparatus, and against the lower part
of the vertical frame of bars. The fire-space of the grate is thereby
diminished, and by the circulation of the fire and heated air under the
hollow foot or base to the back thercof, combined with the direct
radiation of the heat from the burning fuel the block or blocks or pieces
of firc-clay or other material supported on the shelf or series of pegs arc
highly heated, and their heat gradually given out into the apartment.
may
When it is wished to burn small coal in fire-grates I hang to the inner
side of the front of the grate a frame of vertical bars, which by crossing
the horizontal bars of the grate prevents the small coal falling from the
said grate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Henry Selwyn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1874.
I, JASPER HENRY SELWYN, of No. 16, Gloucester Crescent, Hyde
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Captain in the Royal Navy, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:→
This Invention is designed to produce a simple, strong, and efficient
breech-loading action of few parts, capable of application within the
limits of an ordinary breech-loading gun stock. In this improved
breech-loading action the opening of the breech and the withdrawal of
the empty cartridge case are effected by the downward movement of a
hand lever; the lifting of the hammer, the compressing or setting in
firing position of the main spring, and the closing of the breech being
effected by the upward or return movement of the same lever, thus
distributing the work between the downward and upward movements of
the hand lever.

page_text: The breech block and the hammer both work on the same pin. This
pin traverses a space in the shoe or breech frame and passes transversely
through the breech block and through the hammer near their rearward
ends. The breech block constitutes a lever of the first order, its main
body forming the longer arm. Its fore end carries an exploding pin,
and the block is recessed to receive the hammer to which is linked the
longer arm of an ordinary double flat main spring. I prefer to arrange
this main spring within the breech block, but it may be placed under
the tang of the shoe in rear of the breech block. The shorter arm of
the breech block inclines downward; it is forked and carries a transverse
pin which works between prongs of the shorter arm of the hand lever
which is also forked. This hand lever works on a transverse pin, and
when closed its longer arm lies up against the under part of the trigger
plate where it is retained by a spring catch. Thus the hand lever and
breech block form together what may be termed a double compound
lever, the fore end of which operates the extractor for withdrawing the
empty cartridge case when the rear end is moved downward.
The hammer is an inverted one, and also constitutes a lever of the first
order; its shorter or rearward arm is connected to and operates an
indicator for shewing when the firing mechanism is cocked, and by
icans of a sliding bolt in connexion with this indicator the mechanism
may be locked at full cock or at half cock.
The longer or forward arm of the hammer is formed with a tooth or
projection which when the hand lever is depressed for cocking engages
with a bent in the trigger by which the hammer is retained in its
depressed position during the return movement of the hand lever which
effects the compression or setting in firing position of the main spring
so that on pulling the trigger the hammer being released will strike the
exploding pin and so fire the gun. The breech block is firmly supported-
during the firing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GATION APPARAERIA
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Douglas Ridley, of No. 16, Upper Barns-
bury Street, Islington, in the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GATION."
County of Middlesex, for the
AND APPARATUS FOR AERIAL NAVI-
Sealed the 29th May 1874, and dated the 3rd March 1874.

page_text: wings in conjunction with reciprocating pistons actuated by gases
resulting from the ignition or explosion of explosive agents or com-
pounds.
In the apparatus used by me a piston is arranged within a cylinder or
chamber, so as to fit truly but to be capable of moving freely to and fro
therein, and is connected by a rod and suitable connections to the wings,
which are constructed and arranged to operate upon the air somewhat
after the manner of birds' wings. The piston is caused to reciprocate
within the cylinder by alternate explosions at its respective ends of the
gunpowder or other explosive agent or compound employed, and thereby
the piston is made to actuate the wings as required. The firing of the
explosive compound may be effected by electricity or otherwise. When
clectricity is employed the circuit is closed or completed to effect the
ignition, and is afterwards broken until the next ignition is required to
be effected, and so on. Provision is made for the escape of the gases 1
from the respective ends of the cylinder after doing duty therein, and
also for the steering of the apparatus through the air.
For the escape of the exploded gases vents are opened by valves, which
may be actuated by a tappit, eccentric, or equivalent device.
The end of the piston rod is connected to the wings through a cross a
piece, and as the piston reciprocates motion will be communicated by
means of the piston rod and cross piece to the wings, whose motions in
the air will draw or propel the machine.
For steering I propose to employ a rudder formed somewhat like a
bird's tail.
A car or receptacle is suspended to the apparatus thus constructed
and worked.
It is obvious that the arrangement of the apparatus above described
1:81
1
i
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING TWO OR MORE YARNS OR THREADS ON SPOOLS OR BOBBINS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rostron at the Office of
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1874.
I, JOHN ROSTRON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WINDING TWO OR MORE YARNS OR THREADS ON
SPOOLS OR BOBBINS," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in the use of certain arrangements, whereby
the winding of the yarns or threads is discontinued by a self-acting
operation when one of them breaks. This I effect in one case by
causing such breakage to bring apparatus into a position for arresting
the motion of the spool, pirn or bobbin, and in another by causing a
breakage of the remaining thread or threads.
In the former of these methods the yarns or threads pass over levers
which turn upon centres and are kept in a certain position by the tension
of the said yarns or threads, but when one of them breaks the lever
thereof turns upon its centre, wheroby its end is brought opposite to

page_text: a part projecting from the driving wharve and its motion is thus
arrested.
In the latter above mentioned method the yarns or threads pass from
the reels beneath bell-crank levers which they support by their tension,
and the other ends of those levers cross each other longitudinally. When
a yarn or thread breaks its lever turns upon a centre and brings its other
end to bear against the unbroken thread and bind it against a fixed part,
and the spool, pirn or bobbin then drawing it forward breaks it. A catch
is adapted for keeping the levers in a position for piecing.
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR STEAM BOILERS, ENGINES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Hammond
and David Morgan at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th June 1874.
WC, GEORGE FREDERICK HAMMOND and DAVID MORGAN, both of
Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR STEAM BOILERS, ENGINES, AND OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to produce a packing whereby a joint
may be made perfectly tight, also having the advantage of a great
saving of labour in construction and in the application thereof, also
much more durable than packing of ordinary construction. This packing
is especially applicable for man-hole cover and cylinder cover joints,
and may be employed generally as a packing where steam-tight joints
are required, and is as hereafter described. .
The packing consists of a scamless ring of any required size, and by
preference is composed of lead; other metals combined or separately may
be used for the purpose having a similar soft and ductile nature. The
ring is made seamless by being burnt together at the joining instead

page_text: of being soldered in the ordinary way, presenting thereby the same
quality of metal throughout, so that the whole of the metal containing
the ring can be pressed equally, and producing a perfect steam-tight
joint without the addition of whitelead or any other substance ordinarily
employed in making steam joints.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR STOPPING OR PLUGGING UP BOILER OR OTHER SIMILAR TUBES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Charlton and George
Charlton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th April 1874.
We, THOMAS CHARLTON and GEORGE CHARLTON, both of Great
Grimsby, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MEANS FOR STOPPING OR PLUGGING
UP BOILER OR OTHER SIMILAR TUBES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus or means for stopping or
plugging up the ends of tubes of tubular boilers, or superheaters, or other
similar tubes in the event of their bursting or giving way during the
time of working, in order to prevent the escape of water or steam there-
from.
The improved apparatus or means consists of a central rod or bolt
with an inner rounded head, and an outer screwed and squared end
around which is a pipe or tube acting as a stay between two metal
washers, against the outer face of each of which bears an india-rubber
washer.

page_text: Between the inner rubber washer and the rounded head of the bolt is
placed a thin conical metal washer, and between the outer rubber washer
and a nut fitted to the screwed end of the rod is placed a third metal
flanged washer, which abuts against the outer end of the boiler tube, all
the above washers fitting on the central rod.
The rounded head of the bolt and the washers at the same end and
the innermost washer at the screwed end of the rod, are all of a size,
slightly smaller than the boiler tube to which they are intended (in case
of need), to be applied in order to allow them to be thrust through the
said tube quickly, even though the latter may have a tolerably thick
deposit of scale, in which case they act as a scraper or drift; the other
outer washers are made to fit the said tube nicely to prevent the escape
of water and steam whilst the apparatus is being applied.
The object of the Invention is effected by slipping the above described
apparatus or means into the fractured or burst tube (even though steam
is up and without necessitating the withdrawal of the fires to reduce its
pressure), and then screwing the nut up tightly, which draws the inner
head of the rod nearer to the flanged metal washer, and compresses the
rubber washers against the inner sides of the tubes at their ends (the
stay pipe of course being made of the proper length to cause this), and
'thus prevents the escape of water or steam therefrom, the conical metal
washer being also compressed flatly against the exposed face of the inner
rubber washer to protect it from the action of the fire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS AND MAILS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1874.
I, JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS AND MAILS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows:-
My Invention relates to the healds and mails which are used in the
looms employed in the weaving of textile fabrics and other woven goods
or materials, and has for its principal object to increase the durability of
such healds or mails. To this end I employ beads, cylinders, rollers, or
warves of glass, earthenware, steel, or other suitable material to constitute
the parts which press upon the ends or threads of yarn or other material
when raising and depressing, or when raising or depressing the same to
form the "shed." I prefer glass, as being what I now consider to be
the most suitable material for my said purpose, and ordinary glass beads
of a cylindrical or other selected form may be used, or the glass rollers,
cylinders, or warves may be specially formed for the said purpose.

page_text: As an example of the manner in which glass beads may be employed
I may state that I thread two beads upon a length of wire, causing the
wire to pass twice in opposite directions through each bead, the beads
being spaced a sufficient distance apart to form the eye of the heald.
The wire may be suitably twisted together to form loops for direct
attachment to the heald rods; or the wire in combination with the said
beads may form a "mail" which may be connected with the heald rods
or with the loom harness by means of wires, cords, or yarns.
Instead of ordinary glass beads I may employ beads of glass of forms
similar to those of "warves," that is to say, formed lesser in diameter in 1
the middle of the length than at the two ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFE Locks
Year: 1874

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ogden Talbot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1874.
I, GEORGE OGDEN TALBOT, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFE Locks," to be as follows, that is to
.say :-
This Invention has for its object the prevention of safe locks being
destroyed by means of the action of acids. It is well known that certain
acids applied to the wards and acting parts of locks speedily corrode and
destroy such parts, and it is to prevent this that I propose to make such
parts of metal or metals incapable of being acted upon by acids. For
this purpose I prefer to employ aluminium or its alloys, platinum, or
gold, either pure or alloyed, and I form the parts of a lock likely to be
tampered with of one or more of these metals, either solid or sufficiently
coated therewith to resist the action of any acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT STUDS, SOLITAIRES, BREAST PINS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry James Nicole at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th September 1874.
I, HENRY JAMES NICOLE, of Claremont Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT STUDS, SOLITAIRES, BREAST PINS, AND
OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
:-
The objects of my Invention are, firstly, to overcome the difficulty
now experienced in inserting shirt studs, collar studs, solitaires, and
other like articles into garments, which is often not effected without the
garment getting much crumpled; and, secondly, to supply a second or a
third set of the studs, solitaires, or other articles at about half the cost of
the first set.
According to my Invention the head or front of the stud, solitaire, or
other like article is separate from the back or bottom part and pipe or
shank, the said back and pipe being permanently attached to each other,
and the under side of the head has formed in it a nut or female thread

page_text: by which to attach it to the pipe or shank, which is formed with a
corresponding male thread to receive it.
In some cases a guide is also formed on the head, consisting of a
central projecting pin or point to enter the hollow of the pipe or shank,
so that no difficulty may be experienced in screwing on the head.
By means of my Invention the studs or other articles are readily
applied, it being only necessary to pass the shank through the hole of
the garment from the rear, and then to screw on the head, while the
same back or bottom and shank or pipe will answer for any head or top
which is formed with an appropriate nut or female thread. A person
may thus provide himself with any desired number of sets of heads, and
with only a single set of backs and shanks.
If desired the shank may be permanently affixed to the head instead
of to the back or bottom, as herein-before described, the latter being
then made to screw on to the shank, but I prefer the arrangement first
described.
In applying the Invention to breast pins, the head of the pin is formed
with a nut or female thread to screw on to a corresponding thread on
the upper end of the pin. The same pin will thus serve for any number
of heads.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Seaton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1874.
I, WILLIAM SEATON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, -
Firstly. In the application to the purposes of the permanent way of
railways of the saddle rail, supported upon longitudinal and transverse
sleepers, whereby elasticity, smoothness of working, and durability arc
attained to a remarkable degree.
In carrying out this Invention the saddle rail is laid upon longitudinal
sleepers, which longitudinal sleepers are again laid upon transverse
sleepers, the saddle rail being securely fastened to both sleepers; the rail
thus resting on the two timber supports is securely fastened thereto by
transverse bolts in place of being supported on iron chairs as at present.
The saddle rail is peculiarly applicable to this construction of road, as
the head or wearing surface forms a solid mass, and having no over-

page_text: hanging edges is not liable to laminate. The saddle rail also requires no
fang bolts to fasten it, but is held securely in its position by transverse
bolts, which are capable of being readily drawn and replaced without
danger of breakage.
.
Secondly. To an improved mode of fastening rails or chairs, and
consists in the employment for that purpose of a peculiar bolt, so
constructed as to have only one overlapping head, this bolt may be
employed either in rails or sleepers of any section, and each bolt being
fixed diagonally effectually ties the rail into the sleeper at the same time.
When it is desired for any purpose of repairs or otherwise to withdraw
the bolt the withdrawal can be readily effected by simply applying force
or leverage to the head of the bolt.
In some cases a slot may be formed in the flange of the rail for the
purpose of receiving the bolt whilst the head laps over the flange. In
the present ordinary construction of fastenings for rails by means of
screwed bolts or bolts having nuts or fangs into which the bolts are
screwed the bolts cannot be withdrawn without either breaking the bolts.
or seriously interfering with the ballast of the line.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-ACTING APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR DISCHARGING OR EJECTING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Henry Druce at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th September 1874.
I, FRANCIS HENRY DRUCE, of Spitalfields, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DOUBLE-ACTING APPARATUS OR MACHINERY TO BE USED FOR
DISCHARGING OR EJECTING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of two cylinders or barrels open at the top and
having in them pistons or plungers connected by rods to a beam,
pivotted or jointed to main frames or standards fixed to a cistern on a
moveable carriage or to the carriage itself. At the bottom of each
cylinder there is a disc valve working in a valve box, and the two
cylinders communicate with each other by a horizontal tube or pipe
having in the middle covered chamber, the pipe having at each side
seatings against which a disc valve can come in contact, and at the top
of the chamber there is a neck or nozzle to which the bose is attached,
this apparatus can be used for fire engines where strong jet are required
or by slight modification to gardens or other like purposes:

page_text: When used for domestic garden or like purposes the apparatus is set up
in a box or other receptacle for water, and the beam to which the piston
rods are jointed is made to oscillate, when the water will be drawn inter-
mittlently into each cylinder, and then be forced through the connecting
tube into the central chamber, and discharge by way of the those in a
continuous stream.
When the water has to be drawn from a depth, the lower extremities
mittlently into each cylinder, and then be forced through the connecting
tube into the central chamber, and discharge by way of the those in a
continuous stream.
When the water has to be drawn from a depth, the lower extremities
of the cylinders are connected with a tube to draw the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR TWISTING WOOL, SILK, COTTON, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carter Ramsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1874.
I, JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of Smith House, Lightcliffe, in the
County of York, Silk Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR
TWISTING WOOL, SILK, COTTON, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for imparting
the necessary rotation to the spindles of such machinery.
I employ a driving strap, which is so directed and guided as to run
along the front or back of the wharles on the spindles with its breadth
or width horizontally, the edge of such strap being received within the
groove of the wharles, or a portion of the width of such strap may run
over flanges or discs placed on the spindles. In the latter case each
flange or disc serves as a support for the strap longitudinally; or the

page_text: strap may be made double or of two parts, a portion of this double strap
being left open on its driving side or edges, within which opening the
peripheries or a portion of the discs may be received. A support rail may
be employed so as to bear up the strap to the true line of the wharles,
discs, or flanges employed on the spindles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOFT WHITE SOAP
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Joan Jacobson, of the Apollo Stearine
Works, Schiedam, in the Kingdom of Holland, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOFT WHITE SOAP."
Scaled the 10th November 1874, and dated the 10th June 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Joan Jacobson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th June 1874.
I, GERARD JOAN JACOBSON, of the Apollo Stearine Works, Schiedam,
in the Kingdom of Holland, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOFT WHITE SOAP," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
soft white soap.
A very useful household soap is made of oleine (oleique acid) mixed
with soda or. kalie lye and hot water in the quantities specified, as
follows:-
Two gallons of distilled oleine.

page_text: While pouring the hot water into the oleine the mass should be con-
stantly stirred, and at the same time the lye must be slowly dropped in.
Stirring must be continued until the whole mass has assumed the
appearance of a thick yellowish soap without curdles. After 24 hours'
rest the soap is perfectly white, and ready for use.
This method consists in the quick and easy way of proceeding, and
recommends itself by its extreme simplicity. Adulteration is totally
prevented, as other substances than those named used or added to the
oleine would interfere with the process of saponification. Besides this,
the new method recommends itself by great economy in the manufacture
of a useful article.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Gerard Joan
Jacobson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th December
1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GERARD
JOAN JACOBSON, of the Apollo Stearine Works, Schiedam, in the
Kingdom of Holland, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said. Gerard Joan Jacobson, Her special
license that I, the said Gerard Joan Jacobson, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Gerard Joan Jacobson,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOFT WHITE SOAP," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Gerard Joan Jacobson, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
=
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW GUARDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dickic at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1874.
I, JAMES DICKIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Smith and Furnishing Ironmonger, do hereby declare the
nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW GUARDS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of window guard
to be substituted for ordinary shop or other window shutters in cases in
which it is wished that the light or view into the interior shall not be
completely obstructed, and the said improved guard is contrived so that
it can be put in comparatively small compass when removed from the
window.
The improved window guard is made of bars of iron or other suitable
metal arranged to cross each other like trelliswork, and the bars are by
preference jointed together at all the crossings, although where great
strength is not required such joints may be dispensed with at some of
the crossings. The joints may be made with rivets, but when the barş

page_text: are of iron a small washer of copper or other suitable metal or material
is at each joint interposed between the two bars to facilitate the working
of the joint. When in use upon a window the guard is distended in sucli
a way that the bars cross each other at right angle or at other angles,
giving more or less open spaces between the bars, but when removed from {
the window the structure may be compressed in one direction so as to
bring the bars close together, but with a little elongation in the other
direction.
For fixing the guard upon the window a simple groove in each of
-three-sides of the window frame is required, and in addition a grooved 1
bar which can be locked in position so as to retain the fourth side of the
guard, and to get the guard into its place it is slightly contracted in the
direction at right angios to the two opposite grooves of the window
frame, and when entered made to expand into those grooves by
compression in the other direction, and kept in such condition by the
movable bar.