IMPROVEMENTS IN 'GOVERNORS,' OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE VELOCITIES OF MACHINERY; ADAPTED ALSO TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE INDICATION OF SUCH VELOCITIES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Dorendorff, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN 'GOVERNORS,' OR
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE VELOCITIES OF MACHINERY; ADAPTED ALSO
TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE INDICATION OF SUCH VELOCITIES." A communication
from abroad by C. W. Julius Blancke, of Merseburg, in the Kingdom of
Prussia.
aled the 21st August 1877, and dated the 24th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Dorendorff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1877.
·
RICHARD DORENDORFF, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS,' OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE VELOCITIES
OF MACHINERY; ADAPTED ALSO TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE INDICATION OF SUCH
VELOCITIES." A communication from abroad by C. W. Julius Bancke, of Merseburg,
in the Kingdom of Prussia.
The said Invention relates more particularly to the governors employed to regulate
the speeds or velocities of steam engines and prime movers, and consists in the
employment of the centrifugal force of revolving liquids to furnish the necessary
controlling force. To this end a liquid contained in a vessel which can be rotated
is caused to press against a diaphragm or piston, and the movement of such
diaphragın or piston is transmitted to the controlling parts.
In one arrangement a parabolically formed vessel is fixed upon a vertical shaft or
is arranged to be rotated on its vertical axis. The said vessel is provided with
internal ribs or partitions, preferably radiating in a direction from the centre of the
vessel towords its circumference, the use of such ribs being to induce the liquid to
partake of the motion of the vessel. The said vessel is provided with a piston
which is fitted to slide upon the shaft, upon which the vessel is fixed or is other-
wise arranged to slide in the direction of the axis of motion. The periphery of the
said piston is connected with the circumference or rim of the said vessel by means
of an annular flexible diaphragm of caoutchouc, leather, or other suitable material.
The said diaphragm is attached to the vessel and piston by means of rings which
are screwed or secured to the two parts, or by other suitable means. The said piston
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page_text: .
is attached to a rod which passes through the centre of the vessel and is connected
with the throttle valve of the steam engine, or is otherwise connected with the parts
which control the speed of the prime mover.
The method of transmitting the controlling force of the said piston may be varied,
and the form of the said vessel and the method of preventing the escape of liquid
between the inner circumference of the vessel and the circumference of the piston
may also be varied.
Any suitable liquid may be employed, as for example, oil or glycerino will be
suitable.
The action of the governor may be regulated by increasing or decreasing the
weight of the piston, or by loading the said piston by means of a weight or of
weights, or of a spring or of springs. Liquid is placed within the said vessel, and
the said vessel is caused to rotate, being actuated by the machine, which has to be
governed in respect of its velocity. The centrifugal force causes the fluid to press
upon the aforesaid piston, an increase in the speed of revolution increasing the
pressure, a decrease in the said speed having a contrary effect.
The movement of the said piston may transmit motion to parts which indicate
velocity.
I do not confine myself to the vertical axis of motion. The term liquid is not
intended to exclude the use of mercury.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Richard Dorendorff in tho Great Seal Patont Office on the 24th
August 1877.
RICHARD DORENDORFF, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GOVERNORS, OR APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE VELOCITIES OF
MACHINERY; ADAPTED ALSO TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE INDICATION OF SUCH VELO-
CITIES." A communication from abroad by C. W. Julius Blancke, of Merseburg, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
The Invention relates more particularly to the governors employed to regulate
the speeds or velocities of steam engines and prime movers, and consists in the
employment of the centrifugal force of revolving liquids to furnish the necessary
controlling force. To this end a liquid contained in a vessel which can be rotated
is caused to press against a diaphragm or piston, and the movement of such
diaphragm or piston is transmitted to the controlling parts. The said vessel is
caused to rotate, being actuated by the machine, which has to be governed in
respect of its velocity.
The centrifugal force causes the fluid to press upon the aforesaid piston, an
increase in the speed of revolution increasing the pressure, a decrease in the said
speed having a contrary effect.
The movement of the said piston may transmit motion to parts which indicate
velocity.
-
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I have appended
hereunto a Drawing made about the full size, and marked with letters of reference.
The said Drawing represents a vertical section of a governor constructed in
accordance with the said Invention, and suitable to be employed to controll the
speed of a steam engine In the said Drawing A is a vessel or metal basin, which
in the example is cast upon a hollow shaft b, which is turned to revolve within a
standard c. Thin ribs or gills d, d, are cast upon the inner surface of the basin, the
object of these ribs being to compel liquid contained within the basin to be carried
around when the basin is caused to revolve. The shaft b is extended upwards from
the centre of the basin, and is bored to receive the upper end of a rod e. The
upper end of the said rod is secured to the upper end of a hollow pillar f
which is cast or formed upon a piston G. A nut h screwed into the bottom of the

page_text: said pullar sides upon the turned exterior or the shaft o. The rod e and the nut h,
by sliding within and upon the said shaft, guide the piston in its upward and down-
ward movements. The said piston is fitted with a "junk-ring" or annular nut i,
which is formed to screw upon a thread formed on the piston.
The periphery of the piston and the lower or inner surface of the said ring are:
turned to clip the inner edge of an annular shaped diaphragm / formed of vulcanized
caoutchouc or other suitable material.
In the example the said diaphragm is formed with rounded and thickened edges
for convenience of attachment to the piston and basin. The circumference of the
said basin is formed with a screw thread, upon which a cover is formed to screw.
The edge of the basin and a portion of the inner surface of the said cover are turned
to suit the outer rounded edge of the diaphragm, so that when the said cover is
screwed down the edge of the diaphragm is tightly held and a liquid-tight joint is
effected. The inner edge of the diaphragm is secured by screwing down the ring i.
If preferred, the ring i and cover 1 may be tightened by means of bolts or screws,
the parts being suitably modified in form. A spiral spring m is enclosed within
the hollow pillar f, and exerts a pressure upon the nut h, thereby pressing the piston
downwards and acting as a load thereupon. The upper end of the shaft b is screwed
to receive a nut n. By turning this nut the compression of the spring may be
increased or reduced, and the load upon the piston be thereby regulated. Access to
the said nut is had through openings in the upper part of the pillar f.
In the example a bevil pinion o is fixed on the lower end of the shaft b, and a
bevil wheel p fixed upon a horizontal shaft r gears with the said pinion, the shaft r
receiving a revolving motion from the crank shaft of the steam engine or from a
suitable part of the prime mover to which the apparatus is attached. A rapid
revolving motion is thus imparted to the basin A.
The arrangements for imparting motion to the said basin may be greatly varied,
being made suitable in each case to the form and nature of the said prime mover.
Water, oil, petroleum, mercury, or other liquid or fluid, or fluid substance, is intro-
duced into the basin through an opening, which is subsequently closed by means of
the screw plug 8, or is otherwise introduced into the basin. When the said basin
is caused to revolve, the centrifugal force causes the fluid to fly outwards and to
occupy the space within the basin furthermost from the centre of motion as indi-
cated by the detached diagrain. The liquid will then have an upward pressure upon
the piston G proportionate to the speed of revolution of the basin, and when the
said pressure is sufficient to overcome the pressure of the spring m, the said piston
will be raised. The lower end of the rod e is connected with any ordinary or
suitable form of throttle valve or regulating valve, or apparatus as in the case of
other forms of governors, so that when the said piston rises the supply of steam or
impelling fluid is reduced.
The speed of revolution of the basin is so regulated with reference to the load
upon the piston, as that when the prime mover is working at its proper normal
speed, the piston shall be raised to some extent. When the speed decreases, the said
piston is lowered, whereby the supply to the prime mover is increased, an increase
in the speed raising the piston, whereby the said supply becomes reduced.
Although the Drawing represents the axis of revolution of the basin to be vertical,
the said axis may be horizontal or inclined, but the vertical arrangement is
preferred.
The curvature of the bottom and side of the basin is by preference made parabolic
in form, as indicated in the diagram, but this may be varied.
If preferred, weights or a weight may be substituted for the spring m, or the basin
may be turned inside and the piston be fitted to slide therein, as in the case of a
piston within a steam cylinder, if found to be advantageous.
The apparatus may be otherwise greatly varied in form and arrangement so long
as the principle of action of the fluid upon the piston or upon a diaphragm is
maintained.
A modification of the apparatus may be employed to measure and indicate

page_text: variations in the velocity of revolution of a body, from which the apparatus is
caused to receive motion, in which case the rode or a part of the piston may be
connected by means of gearing, or of suitable appliances with an index, which
indicates the velocities upon a dial.
Having now fully set forth and indicated the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same may be carried into effect, I would have it to be
undestood in conclusion that I claim,-
First. The apparatus constructed and acting substantially as and for the purposes
set forth and indicated herein-before, and in and by the accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The employment of a vessel or basin containing fluid matter or sub-
stance provided with a piston or diaphragm, and arranged to be revolved, substan-
tially as and for the purposes set forth and indicated.
And, lastly. The employment of a parabolically shaped basin formed with
interior ribs and provided with a movable piston, which is connected with the said
basin by means of an annular diaphragm, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Dorendorff, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
Signed and sealed by the
said Richard Dorendorff
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patentee,
3, Princess Street,
Manchester.
RICHARD DORENDORFF. (L.S.)