IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED T
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Fell, Leather Manufacturer, and William
Haynes, Manager, both of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED
TMT
Sealed the 12th September 1862, and dated the 15th April 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Fell and
William Haynes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th April 1862.
We, GEORGE FELL,. Leather Manufacturer, and WILLIAM HAYNES,
5 Manager, both of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER," to be as follows:-
We fix a revolving drum or cylinder to turn on suitable bearings, and cover
the said drum or cylinder with emery, sand, pumice stone, ground glass, or

page_text: any other rough cutting substance. The said roller or cylinder is turned rapidly.
by power, and the skin or hide being brought into contact with the rough
surface of the roller during its rapid motion, the operations commonly called
shaving, whitening, grounding, paring, and buffing, are performed, and if sheep,
goat, calf, deer, seal, and other similar skins are placed in contact with the said
roller they will be softened by the friction caused by the rapid motion of
the roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Fell and William Haynes, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
FELL, Leather Manufacturer, and WILLIAM HAYNES, Manager, both of Bolton,
in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said George Fell and William Haynes, Her special licence that we, the
said George Fell and William Haynes, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said George Fell and William Haynes,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that, we, the said George Fell and
William Haynes, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Fell and William Haynes,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
We cover a roller, drum, or cylinder with emery, sand, pumice stone,
ground glass, or other rough cutting substance, or face it with rough metal
similar to a file or rasp. The said roughened roller, drum, or cylinder is placed
in suitable bearings and has a rapid revolving motion imparted to it by power.
The skins or hides are placed in contact with the rough surface of the roller,
drum, or cylinder during its rapid motion, by which means the operations
commonly called shaving, paring, whitening, grounding, buffing, and softening,
are performed on sheep, goat, calf, seal, deer, or other skins or hides by the
friction or grinding action of the aforesaid roller, drum, or cylinder.
This Invention will be clearly understood by referring to the figures and letters
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal
elevation; Fig. 2, an end elevation; and Fig. 3, a longitudinal section
of our improved machinery or apparatus to be used in the manufacture of
leather.
The main framework of the machine is shewn at a, it has upon it two
side frames b, c, between which the roughened drum or cylinder d, fixed
to the shaft c, revolves in such manner that its periphery shall project
beyond the surface of the side frames or not according to the sort of work
required to be done upon it, the roughened face being either flat as shewn
in Fig. 2, or circular as marked by the dotted lines. Extending across from one
side frame to the other there is a guard or cover f on which the operative
firmly holds one end of the skin or hide g, the other part of which is kept in
contact with the roller, drum, or cylinder by a pad h, in his other hand.
The shaft e works in bearings i in the framework a and carries the fast and loose
pulleys k, l, and the fast pulley m. At one side of the roller, drum, or cylinder
we place a wide-mouthed pipe communicating with any place required.
The fau is fixed to the shaft p, working in bearings q, in the framework,
and carrying a pulley r connected by a strap with the pulley m, so that when
revolving motion is given to the shaft e by any motive power the fan
revolves at a speed in proportion to the diameters of the pulleys. Thus
when rapid revolving motion is given to the roller, drum, or cylinder d, and the
skin or hide acted upon by it the dirt or refuse is drawn by the fan through
the wide-mouthed pipe n and expelled to any convenient place.
Having now fully described the nature and particulars of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be
understood that we claim the improved machinery or apparatus to be used

page_text: in the manufacture of leather as herein-described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings..
In witness whereof, we, the said George Fell and William Haynes, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named George Fell and
William Haynes, in the presence
of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
WILLIAM HAYNES. (L.S.)