IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REDUCING THE FRICTION OF PIVOTS TURNING ON OSCILLATING LEVERS, WHICH SYSTEM IS ALSO AP- PLICABLE TO WHEELED VEHICLES, ESPECIALLY WAGGONS OR RAILWAY TRUCKS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gilbert Eguillon, of No. 82, Boulevard Sébastopol,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Clerk in Holy Orders, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF REDUCING THE FRICTION
OF PIVOTS TURNING ON OSCILLATING LEVERS, WHICH SYSTEM IS ALSO AP-
PLICABLE TO WHEELED VEHICLES, ESPECIALLY WAGGONS OR RAILWAY
TRUCKS."
Sealed the 22nd July 1870, and dated the 10th February 1870.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Gilbert Eguillon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and De-
claration, on the 10th February 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GILBERT
EGUILLON, of No. 82, Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Clerk in Holy Orders, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF REDUCING THE FRICTION OF PIVOTS TURNING ON OSCILLATING LEVERS

page_text: WHICH SYSTEM IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO WHEELED VEHICLES, ESPECIALLY WAGGONS
OR RAILWAY TRUCKS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and
true Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gilbert Eguillon, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
The object of the pressnt Invention is. to reduce the friction produced
by pivots or axes turning on oscillating levers with the advantage of
preventing wear and facilitating motion.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents the system when in
reposc, and in motion Fig. 2. In the first a front view is shown, and in 1
the second a three-quarter. In Fig. 1 three levers only are visible a, b, c,
the other three are hidden behind them. In Fig. 2 the whole six are
represented, but three-quarters only are shown. The pieces in the same
Figures are what may be termed power arms; these arms are fixed in
their centres to the cross or angle bars or arms e and f so as to turn on
the pivots t. These arms are furnished with small tenons at unequal
distances from the pivots and passing respectively through the slots or
openings and i made in the shafts of the levers so as to cause the
arms & to advance one of the levers in turning on the pivots t, whilst the
other recedes. The levers it must be here remarked are coupled and are
dependent one upon the other so as to work alternately.
In Fig. 6 the play of the levers is shown by a front view (and on a
larger scale). The letters a™ and a¹¹ represent the two first levers
coupled together; the letters 6 and show the two second
levers similarly coupled; and the letters c¹ and c illustrate the
two last levers similarly arranged to the two preceding. This coupling is
only shown in Fig. 2 illustrating a three-quarter view of the power
arms forming the coupling bars and which are furnished with openings
for the reception of the cross or angle bars e and f.
Fig. 5 represents a three-quarter view of the pivot or axis o, which is
provided with six collars m. The Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, represent their
order and the places for the six levers. The part marked which runs

page_text: half the circumference of the axis, is raised, the other half being lowered:
so that when the lever has passed over the raised part and entering in
the lowered portion n it no longer touches the pivot; these two. parts are
in a plane perpendicular to the axis; where one terminates the other
commences, alike the same for each lever.
For the better explanation of the play of the levers on the pivot
sec Fig. 3, which represents a lever subjected to the influence of the
raised part p, and delivered from it in Fig. 1, the part p being inverted,
the lever rests on the sunk part o", and the lever no longer touches
the pivot or axis. In these two Figures the pivot is shown in section
perpendicular to-its axis.
8
In Fig. 1a front view is shown, and in Fig. 2 a three-quarter view,
with the screw bolts & which traverse the beams das far as the point 7;
where they take the form of pincers or forks. It is between the branchies
of the pincers or forks that the summit of the shafts of the levers- are
passed; and are pinned with these branches by means of a pin forming an
axis to the pivot and allowing the levers to oscillate at this point round
the pivot as well as in the centre. In the same two Figures the pieces g
are shown serving as.stops to the axis or pivot o. It will also be observed
that the pieces & forn a triangular frame serving as a support to the
levers by aid of the nut screws 8, which are made to advance or recede
for producing the necessary tension to the levers by aid of the nuts re
The tension may be produced otherwise than by aid of nut screws, as
shown hereafter.
Fig. 2 represents the manner in which the levers are arranged in
their respective grooves on the pivot o, cach in its numerical order, as
shown in Fig. 5.
In the former Figure the levers are hung by the nut screws & and
the necessary tension is produced by the nuts, and the power arms &
are free to oscillate round the pivots and are fixed by means of tenons
to the two levers, which latter govern one another. The play of the
levers is unchanged, whether a quick or slow motion is communicated
to them or not. Three of these levers are simultaneously submitted
to the influence of the grooves q, Fig. 5, and at the same time the
remaining levers are opposite the sunk parts n and are withdrawn from
the action of the pivot o, but they are governed by the respective levers
to which they are coupled, and the latter advancing (conducted by

page_text: means of the pivot) compels the corresponding lever to recede and
occupies the same position it formerly occupied before it was influenced'
by the raised part q..
.
For the better clucidation of the foregoing remarks by referring to
Fig. 2, the play of the lever a¹ and it's companion a" (which would 'be
in the positions marked 1 and 4, see Fig. 5), when the lever a' has
begun to move on the raised part the lever a" enters the depressed
part n, the lever a submits to the action of the part q and goes with it,
but as it advances it causes the lever_a" to recede by aid of the power
arm hand when no longer conducted by the part q the lever a" leaves
the depressed part n to be directed by the part q. From that time
the lever a¹ no longer guided and having ceased to act comes under the
influence of the lever all, which causes it to retrace its steps and, thus,
the levers govern one another alternately, and in a similar manner they.
are governed and freed by the pivot. This explains how the backward
and forward movement of the lever is sufficient to sustain the continuous,
movement of the pivot o. Each lever sustains the pivot during half
a revolution because the raised part forms half the circumference of, tho.
pivot.
.
In order to facilitate. the play of the levers it is necessary that the
curve of the rings. m. should be long enough to accomodate the
development of the pivot; it is also requisite that the curve should be an
exact portion of the circumference of the pivot described by the length
comprised between the point of suspension of the lover and its point of
contact with the pivot taken as a radius.
The object of employing six levers is that the two levers.a¹ and a¹¹ both
having their fulcrums at the same side of the pivot could only draw the
latter from that point and could not prevent its diverging from right
to left, so in order to obviate this the lovers -61 and ¿", c¹ and c¹¹, are
brought into use (see (Fig. 2), so that the pivot being seized at three.
different points and being drawn in three different ways is forced to
retain its centre of action. It is not advisable to increase the number
of levers beyond six, but in some instances it may be desirable to
reduce the number to four, but in all cases they must be in couples.
The following is a description of the manner of adapting the principle
to the wheels of a railway waggon and other vehicles. In some cases
¨six levers are employed, in others four; whilst in some eight are made

page_text: use of, four for each end of the axis of the wheel, as is shown in Figures
8 and 9.
•
:q is
Fig. 7 is a front view; Fig. 8, a section; and Fig. 9, a plan. a
a part of the waggon; 6 are supports fixed thereto, and having raised
parts ; O is a frame having four arched parts C, Fig 0; D is a
frame surrounded by the first; E are springs connecting the frame C to
the waggon; E' is the connecting point; fff", FF, F, F","
are the levers; G, g, are the axes, by which the levers are connected
to the frame D; H, H, are two "bascules" shown in perspective,
Fig. 10, turning on the axis I, the object of which will hereafter bō..
explained; J, J, are rollers with their axes, one shown front view
Fig. 7, tiro in section Fig: 8, and two in plan Fig. 9. Kisa waggon
or truck wheel, and Lis the rail; m, m³, are tenons fixed to the different
levers and are furnished or not with rollers n, n'; o is the axis of tho
truck or waggon. All the apparatus described is applied to cach wheel,
cach end of whose axis is passed through the rings of four levers making
eight levers in all, and at the end of a course they occupy the position
shown in Fig. 7; this position changes by the rotation of the axis of the
wheel. The levers turn on axes G or g, cither one or the other may bo
employed, and by them the frame D is suspended horizontally. The
frame C is outside that D, and the four points of contact of the frames
are marked D' and C", which admits (by their being convex and con-
cave) of the inner frame D pivoting inside that O which latter remains
stationary, being retained by the convex parts b¹ which slide in the
concaves O¹ of the frame C, this movement is effected by the springs E.
The heavy waggon forces and depresses the springs, the convex parts
then descend with it and slide the length of the frame C which remains
always at the same height.
•>
In order to prevent the wheels turning over should they have that
tendency, two rollers J are adapted to each extremity of the axle; the
wheels are thus prevented turning over because the ends of their ȧxes
meet the rollers which have their fulcrums on the frame D, and con-
sequently do. not change their position. The "bascules" H, H³,
perform the same functions as the power arms h, and may be used
indifferently with the same effect, that is to say, that they render the
levers dependent so that one cannot advance without causing the other:
to recede.

page_text: Having thus described my Invention what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is, the mode of reducing the friction of pivots
or axes turning in oscillating levers in the manner and for the purposes
herein set forth and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings..
In witness whereof, I, the said Gilbert Eguillon, have hereunto à
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
GILBERT EGUILLON. (L.S.):