IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF VARNISHES."
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Miles Williams, of Wigan, in the County of
Lancaster, Oil Distiller, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF VARNISHES."
"
Sealed the 11th November 1873, and dated the 23rd May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Miles Williams at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1873.
I, MILES WILLIAMS, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Oil
Distiller, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF VARNISHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in using aniline colours or dyes, or other
colors manufactured from coal tar to spent and other varnish to colour
them instead of the ordinary colours and pigments hitherto used.
The aniline colour, either in crystal, powder, or solution, can be added
to the ordinary transparent varnishes at the time of manufacture or
afterwards. This process can be applied to either what is usually termed
body, carriage, copal, crystal, shellac, paper, and other varnishes in
various tints or shades of colour.
Aniline colours are soluble in these varnishes, and do not form any
sediment, nor are they liable to settle as other colours, such as mineral

page_text: or vegetable pigments; consequently, a very fine smooth coloured
surface can be got with these aniline varnishes, requiring no polishing.
The most delicate tints and coloured varnish can thus be manufactured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Miles Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MILES
WILLIAMS, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Oil Distiller, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the 36th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Miles Williams, Her special license that I, the
said Miles Williams, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Miles Williams, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF
VARNISHES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Miles
Williams, my executors, or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Miles Williams, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists in applying or mixing aniline colors to or
with spirit or other varnishes in order to form colored varnishes. This
-

page_text: can be most effectually carried out by either adding the aniline dye in
crystals or otherwise to the ordinary transparent varnish, or by first
dissolving the aniline dye in the spirits or other materials used. The
process can be applied to either what is usually termed body, carriage,
copal, amber, crystal, shellac, paper, or other varnishes, in combination
with spirits, oils, gums, glycerine, silicate of soda, or potass, or solutions
of these substances.
The aniline colors are soluble in these compounds, and form varnishes
permanent in color, and not liable to settle or form a sediment as other
colored varnishes do, such as those which contain mineral or vegetable
colors or pigments; consequently, a very fine smooth colored surface
can be given to either paper, wood, or metal with aniline dyes in com-
bination with the above compounds, which requires no polishing, and
which cannot be attained by any ordinary colors or pigments.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,--
First. The mixture or combination of aniline colors with spirit and
other varnishes, as and for the purposes herein-before described.
Second. The application and use of spirit and other varnishes which
have been colored by the admixture therewith of aniline colors, as
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Miles Williams, have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal, the Twentieth day of November
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the above-named Miles Williams,
in the presence of
W. ASCROFT BYROM,
Solicitor,
Wigan.
MILES WILLIAMS. (L.S.)