Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Artificial Teeth.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Artificial Teeth.
I, FRIEDRICH AUGUST WIENAND, of 18, Gartenstrasse, Pforzheim, Grand Duchy
of Baden, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of artificial teeth.
For years it has been customary to fasten artificial mineral teeth by means
of platinum pins, which are embedded in the mineral material during the
moulding and project from the back of such teeth. These pins serve to estab-
lish the connection between the teeth and the rubber or metallic tooth plate.
As platinum is very expensive, but has been absolutely necessary by reason
of the high melting temperature of the material of the mineral teeth, such as
no other metal but platinum withstands, attempts have been made to employ
pins of various alloys of platinum and platinum tubes which are baked in the
teeth, and into which the pins made of alloys are then soldered or cemented,
with a view to reducing the amount of platinum and consequently the cost of
the teeth. All these methods are of a very primitive nature, and many of them
are altogether impracticable, because the pin fastening device consists, not of
one whole, but of parts, thus greatly diminishing the strength, while the expense
is still very great, as platinum indispensable with these methods.
After numerous experiments I have succeeded, by the use of an improved
method of manufacture of artificial teeth, to render nickel pins available for
fastening such teeth.
According to my invention the artificial teeth, furnished with nickel pins
embedded during the moulding in the mineral material of the tooth, are con-
veyed in air-tight nickel vessels wherein a vacuum has been produced into the
furnace and fired.
By this process I preclude the burning or oxidation of the nickel pins and
render them pliable in the air-tight exhausted vessels heated to a temperature
of 1250. to 1400 degrees, while the mineral material also fuses.
Mineral teeth have heretofore been fired openly upon a chamotte plate, after
hey have been moulded and cleaned. After the firing the plate is removed from
he furnace and left to cool. In this operation it often happens that teeth
ecome cracked, but the defect is not noticed with the naked eye until the
eeth are manipulated by the dentist, when the cracked teeth break.
With my invention this defect is obviated, because, as before stated, the
rtificial teeth are fired in air-tight exhausted vessels to which no air can
btain access on the removal from the furnace; furthermore the vessel is
laced for cooling in an hermetically closed apparatus which is heated, the air
eing withdrawn from the same by means of a jet pump, so that the cooling
ill take place very gradually. By this invention the quality of the artificial
ineral teeth is not only greatly improved, but the cost of manufacture of
ch teeth provided with nickel pins, as compared with that of artificial mineral
Prine &dI

page_text: teeth as hitherto made is enormously reduced. It is therefore possible to keep
a large stock of teeth, such as is absolutely needful in the case of a dentist,
who under these circumstances does not require much capital although these
teeth fulfil all requirements like those having platinum pins.
Dated this 11th day of September 1899.
J. LINCOLN & Co.,
75, Chancery Lane, London,. W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Artificial Teeth.
I, FRIEDRICH AUGUST WIENAND, of 18; Gartenstrasse, Pforzheim, Grand Duchy
of Baden, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of artificial teeth.
For years it has been customary to fasten artificial mineral teeth by means
of platinum pins, which are embedded in the mineral material during the
moulding and project from the back of such teeth. These pins serve to estab-
lish the connection between the teeth and the rubber or metallic tooth plate.
As platinum is very expensive, but has been absolutely necessary by reason
of the high melting temperature of the material of the mineral teeth, such as
no other metal but platinum withstands, attempts have been made to employ
pins of various alloys of platinum and platinum tubes which are baked in the
teeth, and into which the pins made of alloys are then soldered or cemented,
with a view to reducing the amount of platinum and consequently the cost of
the teeth. All these methods are of a very primitive nature, and many of them
are altogether impracticable, because the pin fastening device consists, not of
one whole, but of parts, thus greatly diminishing the strength, while the expense
is still very great, as platinum is indispensable with these methods.
After numerous experiments I have succeeded, by the use of an improved
process of manufacture of artificial teeth, to render nickel pins, or nickel pins
plated with platinum, available for fastening such teeth.
According to my invention the artificial teeth, furnished with nickel pins
embedded during the moulding in the mineral material of the tooth, are con-
veyed in air-tight nickel vessels wherein a vacuum has been produced into the
furnace and fired.
By this process I preclude the burning or oxidation of the nickel pins and
render them pliable in the air-tight exhausted vessels heated to a temperature
of 1250 to 1400 degrees, while the mineral material also fuses.
Mineral teeth have heretofore been fired openly upon a chamotte plate, after
they have been moulded and cleaned. After the firing the plate is removed from
the furnace and left to cool. In this operation it often happens that teeth
become cracked, but the defect is not noticed with the naked eye until the
teeth are manipulated by the dentist, when the cracked teeth break.
With my invention this defect is obviated, because, as before stated, the
artificial teeth are fired in air-tight exhausted vessels to which no air can
obtain access on the removal from the furnace; furthermore the vessel is
placed for cooling in an hermetically closed apparatus which is heated, the air
being withdrawn from the same by means of a jet pump, so that the cooling
will take place very gradually. By this invention the quality of the artificial
mineral teeth is not only greatly improved, but the cost of manufacture of

page_text: Such teeth provided with nickel pins, or with nickel pins plated with platinum,
as compared with that of artificial mineral teeth as hitherto made is enormously
reduced. It is therefore possible to keep a large stock of teeth, such as is
absolutely needful in the case of a dentist, who under these circumstances does
not require much capital, although these teeth fulfil all requirements like
those having platinum pins:-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
A process for manufacturing artificial mineral teeth provided with nickel
pins, or nickel pins plated with platinum, which consists in firing and cooling
such teeth in vessels wherein a vacuum is produced, in order to prevent the
oxidation of the pins and to obtain a denser fusing of the teeth.
Dated this 23rd day of May 1900.
J. LINCOLN & Co.,
75, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents for the Anplicant