IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Jacob Bowers, of Connellsville Fayette,
in the State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 4th May 1866, and dated the 5th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th February 1866.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS," to be as
follows:-
Ovens for making coke from coal are ordinarily built of brick with a
rectangular or cylindrical chamber covered by an arch or dome, having a
circular opening in the crown of the dome through which the oven is
charged with coal and which also serves for the escape of smoke and gas.
In the lower part or body of the oven is an opening or doorway through

page_text: which the charge is withdrawn when the operation of coking is finished.
This doorway is usually closed during the operation by loose masonry or
brickwork. The oven has a solid bottom.
The present improvements consist in the employment of a moveable
bottom or floor to the oven, which is pivotted in such a way to the sides
of the oven that it may be tilted up at an angle of about forty-five degrees,
in order to discharge the coke through a shoot or cpening in the front wall
of the oven situate below the level of the floor, so that when the moveable
bottom or floor is fixed in a horizontal position the communication between
the interior of the oven and the discharge opening or shoot is closed.
The manner in which such moveable floor and shoot are, by preference,
arranged and actuated is as follows:-The floor is constructed of a strong
iron bed plate with ribs below, which bed plate is recessed on its upper
surface in order to receive a lining of fire-brick or tiles. The bed plate is
attached to and supported by a strong girder, the ends of which are pro-
vided with journals working in bearings fixed in the side walls of the oven,
so that the entire floor may be tilted up by the girder being made to turn
on its journals. Such tilting of the floor is effected by means of a lever
working on a fulcrum below the floor of the oven, which is connected to
such lever at one end by a connecting rod. The end of the lever passes
through the wall of the oven, where it is retained by a catch when the
floor is in a horizontal position. When the floor is tilted the lower end
thereof fits against the rebated edge of a shoot situated below the said
floor, upon which shoot the contents of the oven consequently fall, and
which causes the same to pass out through an opening in the wall of the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE. PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in. the year of our Lord,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and, successors, give and grant

page_text: unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special licence that I, the
said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS," a commu-
nication to me from abroad by Jacob Bowers, of Connellsville Fayette, in
the State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say :-
Ovens for making coke from coal are ordinarily built of brick with a
rectangular or cylindrical chamber covered by an arch or dome, having a
circular opening in the crown of the dome through which the oven is
charged with coal and which also serves for the escape of smoke and gas.
In the lower part or body of the oven is an opening or doorway through
which the charge is withdrawn when the operation of coking is finished.
This doorway is usually closed during the operation' by loose masonry or
brickwork. The oven has a solid bottom.
The present improvements consist in the employment of a moveable
bottom to the oven, which is pivotted in such a way to the sides of the
oven that it may be tilted up at an angle of about forty-five degrees, in
order to discharge: the coke through a shoot or opening in the front wall of
the oven situated below the level of the floor, so that when the moveable
bottom is fixed in a horizontal position the communication between the
interior of the oven and the discharge opening or shoot is closed.

page_text: The Drawing represents a vertical section of a coke oven constructed
according to this Invention."
a is the cylindrical body of the oven; 'b is the arch' or' dome, and c the
circular opening in the crown of the arch. The bottom of the oven is
circular if the oven is cylindrical, and is made of cast-iron framework or
ribs d and bed plate e. The bed.plate is countersunk on its upper surface
to within a short distance of its periphery, and to such a depth as to
receive a bottom lining of fire-brick or tile f. The ribs d prevent the bed
plate from becoming warped. This bottom is attached to and supported
by a strong girder h of wood or iron, which is placed horizontally under it
and extends diametrically under the centre of the bottom, and is pivotted
by journals either projecting from or entering into the ends of the beam to
the sides of the oven, so that the bottom may be tilted up by turning on
its journals, as shown in the Drawing, in which the full lines indicate the
position of the bottom when closed, and the dotted lines its position when
tilted to discharge the contents of the oven. In the front wall of the oven
is the doorway k, on the bottom of which is an inclined plate I, which may
be made of iron; this plate / forms the shoot over which the coke passes
from the oven, and it projects upwards into the space under the chamber m
of the oven, and is rebated at its upper edge so as to receive the edge of
the tilting bottom, as shown in the Drawing, and thus make a continuous
inclined plane for the coke to pass out at the doorway. The tilting
bottom is operated upon by means of a lever p attached to a cross beam g,
which is so arranged in any convenient way as to turn on its axis in fixed
bearings. To the lever p, at a sufficient distance from the fulcrum of the
lever to give the requisite degree of inclination to the tilting bottom of the
oven, is pivotted a connecting bar r, the other end of which is pivotted to
the tilting bottom near to its circumference, so that when the lever p is
raised, as shown by the dotted lines in the Drawing, the bottom of the
oven will be tilted. The bottom is restored to its horizontal position by
depressing the lever p, which serves to keep it in that position by means of
a bar s pivotted at i to the outside of the back wall of the oven, the end of
which when it hangs perpendicularly rests on the lever p and prevents its
rising. The free end of the lever p projects through a narrow opening in
the back wall of the oven below the level of the oven bottom.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and the manner in
which it is to be performed, what I claim as the Invention and desire. to
secure by Letters Patent is, placing the opening or doorway for discharging

page_text: the contents of the oven below the level of the bottom of the oven in
combination with the moving bottom, so constructed and arranged as to
make a passage from the interior of the oven to the doorway when the
bottom is tilted, and to close the communication when the bottom is shut
down, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
CHARLES D. ABEL. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS."-A com-
munication from abroad by Jacob Bowers, of Connellsville Fayette,
in the State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 4th May 1866, and dated the 5th February 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th February 1866.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS," to be as
follows:-
Ovens for making coke from coal are ordinarily built of brick with a
rectangular or cylindrical chamber covered by an arch or dome, having a
circular opening in the crown of the dome through which the oven is
charged with coal and which also serves for the escape of smoke and gas.
In the lower part or body of the oven is an opening or doorway through

page_text: which the charge is withdrawn when the operation of coking is finished.
This doorway is usually closed during the operation by loose masonry or
brickwork. The oven has a solid bottom.
The present improvements consist in the employment of a moveable
bottom or floor to the oven, which is pivotted in such a way to the sides
of the oven that it may be tilted up at an angle of about forty-five degrees,
in order to discharge the coke through a shoot or opening in the front wall
of the oven situate below the level of the floor, so that when the moveable
bottom or floor is fixed in a horizontal position the communication between
the interior of the oven and the discharge opening or shoot is closed.
The manner in which such moveable floor and shoot are, by preference,
arranged and actuated is as follows:-The floor is constructed of a strong
iron bed plate with ribs below, which bed plate is recessed on its upper
surface in order to receive a lining of fire-brick or tiles. The bed plate is
attached to and supported by a strong girder, the ends of which are pro-
vided with journals working in bearings fixed in the side walls of the oven,
so that the entire floor may be tilted up by the girder being made to turn
on its journals. Such tilting of the floor is effected by means of a lever
working on a fulcrum below the floor of the oven, which is connected to
such lever at one end by a connecting rod. The end of the lever passes
through the wall of the oven, where it is retained by a catch when the
floor is in a horizontal position. When the floor is tilted the lower end
thereof fits against the rebated edge of a shoot situated below the said
floor, upon which shoot 'the contents of the oven consequently fall, and
which causes the same to pass out through an opening in the wall of the
oven.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 21st June 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant

page_text: unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special licence that I, the
said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and. no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COKE OVENS," a commu-
nication to me from abroad by Jacob Bowers, of Connellsville Fayette, in
the State of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters' Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawing, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say:-
Ovens for making coke from coal are ordinarily built of. brick with a
rectangular or cylindrical chamber covered by an arch or dome, having a
circular opening in the crown of the dome through which the oven is
charged with coal and which also serves for the escape of smoke and gas.
In the lower part or body of the oven is an opening or doorway through
which the charge is withdrawn when the operation of coking is finished;
This doorway is usually closed during the operation by loose masonry of
brickwork. The oven has a solid bottom.
'
The present improvements consist in the employment of a moveable
bottom to the oven, which is pivotted. in such a way to the sides of the
oven that it may be tilted up at an angle of about forty-five degrees, in
order to discharge the coke through. a shoot or opening in the front wall of
the oven situated below the level of the floor,, so that when the moveable
bottom is fixed in a horizontal position the communication between the
interior of the oven, and the discharge opening or shoot is closed.

page_text: The Drawing represents a vertical section of a coke oven constructed
according to this Invention.
a is the cylindrical boily of the oven; 6 is the arch or dome, and c the
circular opening in the crown of the arch. The bottom of the oven is
circular if the oven is cylindrical, and is made of cast-iron framework or
ribs d and bed plate e. The bed plate is countersunk on its upper surface
to within a short distance of its periphery, and to such a depth as to
receive a bottom lining of fire-brick or tile f. The ribs d prevent the bed
plate from becoming warped. This bottom is attached to and supported
by a strong girder h of wood or iron, which is placed horizontally under it
and extends diametrically under the centre of the bottom, and is pivotted
by journals either projecting from or entering into the ends of the beam to
the sides of the oven, so that the bottom may be tilted up by turning on
its journals, as shown in the Drawing, in which the full lines indicate the
position of the bottom when closed, and the dotted lines its position when
tilted to discharge the contents of the oven. In the front wall of the oven
is the doorway k, on the bottom of which is an inclined plate, which may
be made of iron; this plate / forms the shoot over which the coke passes
from the oven, and it projects upwards into the space under the chamber m
of the oven, and is rebated at its upper edge so as to receive the edge of
the tilting bottom, as shown in the Drawing, and thus make a continuous
inclined plane for the coke to pass out at the doorway. The tilting
bottom is operated upon by means of a lever p attached to a cross beam q,
which is so arranged in any convenient way as to turn on its axis in fixed
bearings. To the lever p, at a sufficient distance from the fulcrum of the
lever to give the requisite degree of inclination to the tilting bottom of the
oven, is pivotted a connecting bar r, the other end of which is pivotted to
the tilting bottom near to its circumference, so that when the lever p is
raised, as shown by the dotted lines in the Drawing, the bottom of the
oven will be tilted. The bottom is restored to its horizontal position by
depressing the lever p, which serves to keep it in that position by means of
a bar s pivotted at i to the outside of the back wall of the oven, the end of
which when it hangs perpendicularly rests on the lever p and prevents its
rising. The free end of the lever p projects through a narrow opening in
the back wall of the oven below the level of the oven bottom.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and the manner in
which it is to be performed, what I claim as the Invention and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is, placing the opening or doorway for discharging

page_text: the contents of the oven below the level of the bottom of the oven in
combination with the moving bottom, so constructed and arranged as to
make a passage from the interior of the oven to the doorway when the
bottom is tilted, and to close the communication when the bottom is shut
down, substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth."
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
CHARLES D. ABEL. (L.S.)