IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CERTAIN PARTS OF THE HARNESS OF HORSES AND OTHER BEASTS OF BURDEN
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERRE
ARMAND le Comte de FONTAINEMOREAU, of New Broad Street, London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Пler present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by fer
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of April, in the ninth year of IIer reign,
did, for Herself, Hei hens and successors, give and giant unto me, the said
Pierre Armand le Comte de Fontainemorcau, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Pierre Armand le Comte de Fontainemorean, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Picnic Armand le
Comte de Fontainemorcau, my executois, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and
Man, and in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the
Invention of an "IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CERTAIN PARTS OF THE
HARNESS OF HORSES AND OTHER BEASTS OF BURDEN," Communicated to me by a
certain Foreigner residing abroad, in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that 1, the said Pierre Armand le Comte de Fontainemoreau, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
saine, reference being the cunto had, will more fully and at luge appeal.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Pierre Amand le Comte de Fontainemorcau, do hereby declare that tho
nature of the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to bo
performed, is particularly described and ascertained by the following statement
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say -
My improved mode of constructing cortain parts of harness consists in
substituting, in the constructing of several parts of the harness of horses, and
of other beasts of burden, a certain description of padding, herein-after described,
for the one generally in use, and also in the mode of constructing the said
parts of harness to which the aforesaid padding may advantageously be applied
It is a well-known fact that the common and ordinary padding for harness
occasions rather than prevents frequent accidents, wounds, and soies to horses,
and other beasts of burden That padding is usually composed of straw,
flocks, and other similar substances, introduced in the internal part of the
hainess between the two leathers forming the casing of the padding materials.
These substances or conductors of caloric, and, being in contact with the coat
or skin of the animal, heat it as soon as any friction is produced. Leather,
which is a gicasy body, and therefore impervious to the sweat of the animal,
soon loses the pimitive quality, on account of the heat commumcated to the
internal padding. That effect causes the drying up of the leather, dilates or
extends it, and opens its pores to the sweat of the animal The padding gets
impregnated with humidity, which considerably increases the weight of the
hainess, fermentation takes place, and the substances composing the padding
shunk and curl, instead of preserving their primitive and elastic shapes and
qualities In a very short time they form a hard substance, which still more
inci cases the heat in all the internal parts of the harness, the leather at last
becomes buint and brittle, and the animal consequently feels a heat in that
part of his body which works the most, and very often an unusual rostive-
ness arises from such causes without being detected, greatly impairing his best
qualities, he soon loses his coat in that place, and gets a sore. And also to
prevent that part of the padding, such as straw generally employed, and which
sei ves to form the shape of the hainess, from being so soon deformed by the
causes heiein-before stated, isolate that portion of the harness by separating
it (on the inside of the harness) from the other padding by means of an oil-
skm. By that precaution the humidity produced by the sweat of the animal,
whatever be the heat to which he is subjected, cannot reach the parts of the
harness forming its shape. That part, therefore, is at first pieseived from those
nuous effects by the layers of any improved padding, which, on account of

page_text: its greasy qualities, prevents that sweat fiom penetrating, and, secondly, by the
aforesaid oilskin, which form another impervions barrier.
Being perfectly satisfied by long experience that the sweat of the animal is
injurious to all the present systems of padding, and, reciprocally, the padding
prejudicial to the ammal, I have endeavoured to neutralize its baneful effects
by using for padding Inseed, which seemed to me a fit substance to attract that
sweat, and to produce, by its combination with it, a beneficial mucilage, capable
of preventing the inflamation resulting from fiction, and contaming, therefore,
the required qualities for wadding hainess. Moreover, linseed is an oily sub-
stance, and a feeble conductor of calone; being light and slippery under the least
pressure, it offers a very elastic and most convenient padding, yielding to all
the movements of the animal. I add also to the linseed a fatty body, to avoid
the fermentation which follows the heating of that seed producing the mutual
exhaustion of its chemical properties, and, consequently, the rolling of the
leather and cloth which incases it. For that fatty body I make use of olive oil,*
or any of those oils which generally contain no acid, or be predisposed to
become so; but I employ in preference beef, mutton, pig, or goat fat. By the
introduction of my improved padding the friction of the harness, in contact
with the body of the animal, occasions the leather to be heated to a degice
which dilates the greasy parts of the wadding and renders it liquiescent, that
state greatly assists the elastic slippenness of the linseed, and the wadding
yields, therefore, to the movements of the animal, the hainess takes the shapo
of that part of the body to which it is applied, without causing the smallest
estiveness and pain, and, therefore, all the actions of the animal are more free
and natural. I have invariably found, also, that my improved mode of padding
harness, on account of its drying and salutary effects, not only prevents the
falling off of the coat of the animal, but contributes greatly to its general
improvement and bulliancy. It heals a very short time all inflammations
and sores, whatever may be their causes, and, by keeping a sweet and com-
fortable moisture on the skin of the animal, maintains all the system in a
healthy condition, gives more life to his spirits, and prevents many maladies.
I prepare that improved linseed and fat padding to replace the ordinary
wadding, as follows I have already observed that I give the preference to
animal fat, on account of its better mixture with linseed; I can use it either
in a solid or liquid state, after it has on has not been purified, saponified, and
aromatized, according to its use and cheapness, and experience will soon indi-
cate the best mode. However, I choose preferably, as being fittest, that sort of
fat used for the manufacture of candles, which is then particularly adapted to
heat and dry soies in case of inflammation When in contact with the leather
enveloping the wadding the greasy substance forming part of my wadding

page_text: contributes vastly (when mixed with linseed) to render the leather impervious
to the sweat of the animal, to retain its suppleness or elasticity, and to ensure
its durability. I generally employ five parts of linseed to one part of fat, but
I do not confine myself to that proportion, which I can vary according to
various circumstances, and also to the temperature of the climate where the
bainess is to be used When I employ fat in a hard state I cut it in small
picces of the size of a small nut, and mix it with the linseed by means of a
wooden ladle, or with the hand, if I use the fat in a liquid state, I pour it
into a wooden trough upon the seed, in the proportions (determed as afore-men-
tioned), and stir the compound substances with a wooden ladle until the mixing
be entirely complete and viscous. In all cases, whatever may be the proportions
and quantity, and the mode by which the mixture of the above component sub-
stances have been made, I can aromatize that paste, according to its intended use,
with camphor, or any other similar essence I sometimes ai omatize that padding
with a compound solution of camphor powder and turpentine, which, on
account of then vermifuge and anti-putid qualities. greatly tend to the pieser-
vation and efficacy of my padding When the harness, prepared according to
my process, is exposed to the ravages of rats, or other noxious vermin, to which
my compound offers a very palatable food, I spinkle the padding paste with a
small quantity of refined essence of naptha, which is a violent poison to vermin,
and will keep them off.
Mode of applying the improved wadding to several parts of harness :-1
apply the paste prepared as above stated to collars of every description in the
following manner -Having stitched the body side A, Figures 1 and 2 (of
the Drawing), to the forewale B (in the same Figures) on the inside in the
usual way, I cover the straw s, Figure 3, which gives shape to the collar, with
oilskin, or any similar material, I take care to close the seams of the oilskin
so effectually as to prevent any connection between the straw padding and my
improved wadding, (that is to say) that the seem must be impervious to the
gicasy portion of my improved wadding when that fatty substance is in a
liquiescent state, I then apply my padding paste on the oilskin in lieu of the
ordinary padding now in use, laying on those parts most liable to fiction a
much greater quantity of my improved wadding, and taking care also to fill up
closely all the interstices and curves-which the collars may contain. I now
draw the leather forming the body side A, Figures 1 and 2, over this padding,
and stitch it to the forewale B, Figures 1 and 2, the outside in the usual way,
finishing by placing the afterwale C, Figues 1 and 2, and such ornaments as
are usual in ordinary collars I also apply my Invention to false collais
fill these with my improved padding in the herein-before mentioned manner,
and then fit them in the usual way I stuff saddles, ciuppers, or such other
I

page_text: parts of harness as are at the present time or might be advantageously padded,
such as the dock loin straps, hame tugs, breeching sido pads, mouse boats,
knee caps, &c, in hainess and saddles for single-canage horses, pads for
double-canage hoises, and saddles for cart horses, &c. in saddlery with my
paste instead of the wadding now used, taking care, as heicin-before described,
to place a greater portion of my padding paste on those parts most likely to
rub the horse, or any other beast of burden (such as the bearings, saddle cloths,
&c, so as to prevent as much unnecessary friction of them as possible.
The vanous parts of harness and sadlery heıcın stated are so well known as
to render any particular description of the mode of padding them superfluous.
I can with equal effect substitute my improved padding for that in collars,
saddles, and other parts of harness now in use, and especially those which may
equued to be repaired, by following the pinciples herein-before laid down,
and taking great care to secure the straw between the skin or other material,
as herein stated.
And having now described the nature of my Invention, and manner of
canying the same into effect, I declare that what I claim as my
Invention is,
Tustly, the substitution of a new padding composed of a fatty substance
and linseed, prepared as herein-before described, in lieu of all other paddings
now in use.
Secondly, the mode of separating the straw, or any other padding for
shaping and forming the body of the harness from the soft padding where in
contact with the body of the animal by means of an oilskin, or any other
samlar umpervious material
In witness whereof, I, the said Piene Armand le Comte de Fontaine-
moreau, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of
October, One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
P. DE (LS) FONTAINEMOREAU.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fifteenth day of October,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Picire Aimand le Comte de
Fontainemoreau came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and
acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein