IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, of Middlesbrough,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH.
وو
Scaled the 3rd September 1872, and dated the 27th March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Cuthbert Greenwood
Johnson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 27th March 1872.
I, CUTHBERT GREENWOOD JOHNSON, of Middlesbrough, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
One of the objects of the Invention is to facilitate the rolling of
puddled bars from large masses such as obtained when the produce of
puddling furnaces is drawn in one ball. To do this I put the puddle
ball into a shingler of hopper like form, that is to say, with a large
opening at one end and a smaller opening at the other. The small
opening corresponds with the sectional form to which it is desired that

page_text: the bloom should be brought. Two of the sides of the shingler (at right
angles to each other) are moveable and rock upon axes for a short
distance to and from the fixed sides, so that the hopper like cavity is
alternately expanded and contracted. A ram actuated by a hand wheel
or otherwise pushes the puddle ball on each time the cavity expands,
and at each contraction or approach of the moveable to the fixed sides
the ball is nipped and so reduced until it is able to pass out of the
shingler at the smaller end. I bring the bloom from the shingler in
rectangular (or other) form, it is then put through an edging hole, which
I prefer should have a balanced top roll and which I prefer to place at
the extreme outside end of the mill to admit of a larger diameter of
rolls being used than required for the remaining operations, and this is
admissable in consequence of the top roll not requiring to be driven, or
it may be driven by pinions keyed to the end of each roll. The piece
is then passed through flat grooves, of which I prefer there should be
two, the flange of one being on the top roll, and in the other on the
bottom roll, so that the pin may be avoided without turning over the
pieces. The bloom having now been rolled to the required thickness
and of such breadth as to bring its length within convenient compass
it is handed to the third pair of rolls, which are constructed in the form
known as slitting rolls, where the broad bar above described is slit into
widths.
I prefer to make the mill reverse by the following means:-A pair of
housings are placed next to the engine having a pinion which gears into
two others of equal size. These pinions are attached to two pinions
of the ordinary form by the interposition of a reversing clutch, and
according as the clutch driving the top or bottom of these ordinary
pinions is put in gear so will the mill revolve in either direction.

page_text: year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, Her
special license that I, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Cuthbert
Greenwood Johnson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND IN THE APPA-
RATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Jolinson, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
One of the objects of the Invention is to facilitate the rolling of puddled
bars from large masses such as obtained when the produce of puddling
furnaces is drawn in one ball. To do this I put the 'puddle ball into a
shingler of hopper like form, that is to say, with a large opening at
one end and a smaller opening at the other. The small opening
corresponds with the sectional form to which it is desired that the bloom
should be brought. Two of the sides of the shingler (at right angles
to each other) are movable, and rock upon axes for a short distance to
and from the thick sides, so that the hopper like cavity is alternately
expanded and contracted. A ram pushes the puddle ball on cach time
the cavity expands, and at each contraction or approach of the movable
to the fixed sides the ball is nipped and so reduced until it is able to
pass out of the shingler at the smaller end. I bring the bloom from the
shingler in rectangular or other form, it is then put through an edging
hole, which I prefer should have a balanced
top roll, and which I prefer

page_text: to my Invention together with apparatus in connection therewith;
Figure 2 is a side view of the same machinery; Figures 3 and 4 are 2
side and end views of the shingler.
a, a, is a steam engine driving the pinion 6 which is upon its crank
shaft. The pinion b gives motion to a spur wheel c¹, the axis c of which
is carried in bearings upon the standards d, d, which are bolted to the
bed plate e. The axis c has an eccentric upon it which works within 3
a block f, and this block slides in the guide f¹, which secures it to
the back of the jaw 9; 9' are trunnions upon the jaw g, they are
carried in strong bearings fixed upon the bed plate e, and about these
trunnions the jaw is rocked through a small arc by the eccentric on
the axis c; g is a hard face bolted to the jaw g, it is renewed when it
becomes worn, as is also the face plate e¹ let into the bed plate e; his

page_text: a strong abutment or plate bolted to the bed plate; its face is at right
angles to that of the bed plate, and the bearing of one of the trunnions g¹
is cast of a piece with it; i is a moving jaw opposite the abutment h,
it has a bearing on the bed plate at it, and it receives motion through a
small are from an eccentric on the vertical axis k, which is carried by the
standard bolted to the bed plate, and has a bevelled pinion at its
upper end gearing with a similar pinion c upon the axis c. Both the
abutment and the jaw i are provided with face plates which can be
renewed when worn out. The curved contour of these plates as the
Drawings shew causes the space between them (which is the delivering
orifice of the shingler) to be narrowest at a short distance in front
of the trunnions and i¹. The puddle ball by the aid of a crane if
necessary is placed in front of the open mouth of the shingler, and is
pressed forward by the pusher m, which by connecting rods n is linked
with the rod of a piston working in the long steam cylinder o. The
advance of the jaws of the shingler compresses the puddle ball and
somewhat reduces its size, so that when the jaws recede the pusher
is able to force the ball further forward, and so the oscillation of the
jaws continually reduces the thickness of the mass until it passes out
at the delivery orifice, and it is then received on to the barrow to be
taken away to the rolls.
Figure 5 is an elevation of rolls for reducing puddle balls of large
dimensions into bars. a is the edging hole in the two rolls carried by
the housings or standards b, b; these edging rolls are placed at the
end of the train, and the lower roll only is driven by coupling it with
the lower roll of the next pair. Thus the size of the edging rolls is
rendered independent of that of the other rolls in the train, and they
are considerably larger than these in diameter. The upper and the
lower edging rolls may be geared together by pinions if desired. The
puddle bar is next drawn out to a convenient length by the flat
rolls c, c, mounted in the housings c¹; these rolls have two holes or eyes
which are used alternately, and the bar passes backwards and forwards
between the rolls until its substance is sufficiently reduced. It will be
observed that the sides of the right hand hole or eye are formed by
flanges on the lower roll c, whilst the sides of the left hand hole or
eye are formed by flanges on the upper roll; this arrangement renders
it unnecessary to turn the bar during rolling. The broad bar goes

page_text: from the rolls c to the splitting rolls d, which are mounted in the
housings d', and by these rolls the bar is divided longitudinally into
four or other number of parts of convenient width and of the section
desired. By thus slitting large puddle bars obtained from such blooms
as are often produced by mechanical puddling, a great saving of labour
is effected as compared with the ordinary system of extending the
whole bloom longitudinally until it is brought down to the section
required for the puddle bars. The train of rolls shewn in the Drawings
are reversible in order to facilitate the rolling of blooms of large
dimensions and to avoid lifting the bars back over the rolls. This is
done by coupling the rolls d, d, to the pinions e, e, mounted in the
housings ff, these pinions gear together and there are sliding
clutches g, g, upon their axes by which either the upper or the lower
pinion can be clutched with the upper or lower of two other
pinions h, h. The pinions h are mounted in the housings i, and they
both gear with the driving pinion k, which is by preference smaller
than the pinions h, so that these rolls may run slower than the engine
which drives them. Figure 6 is a plan of the reversing gear. Figures
7 and 8 are end views of the housings c¹ and i respectively.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I
claim,―
Firstly. The construction of a shingler or squeezer of hopper like
form with movable sides, which when a puddle ball is introduced into
the mouth of the shingler compress it both in its breadth and depth
until it is able to pass out at the delivery orifice, substantially as
described.
Secondly. I also claim the arrangement of the edging rolls, making
them of larger diameter than the other rolls of the train, placing them
at the end of the mill, and driving one roll only, substantially as
described.
Thirdly. I also claim the method of treating blooms of unusual size
by rolling them into bars sufficiently wide to prevent an inconvenient
length being attained, and then passing such bars through splitting
rolls and dividing them in several bars of ordinary and convenient
widths, substantially as described.

page_text: Fourthly. I also claim the arrangement of apparatus for reversing
hill trains, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Cuthbert Greenwood Johnson, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of
September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.