AN IMPROVED ECONOMIC METHOD OF Heating TOWNS AND VILLAGES, OR SECTIONS THEREOF
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Neaves Cowper, of Number Three,
Bruntsfield Crescent, Edinburgh, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
ECONOMIC METHOD OF Heating TOWNS AND VILLAGES, OR SECTIONS THEREOF.”
3.3
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Neaves Cowper
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the l5th January 1875.
I, CHARLES NEAVES COWPER, of Number Three, Bruntsfield Crescent,
3 Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED ECONOMIC METHOD OF HEATING TOWNS AND VILLAGES, OR SECTIONS
THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a method or system by which
towns or villages, or larger or smaller sections of towns or villages may
O be heated from one common source.
11
int last this immuneed method is hy menne

page_text: stations (in which stations are erected the necessary number and power
of boilers, cisterns, and other heating apparatus) to and through the
houses or other premises which aro to be heated in the district.
The piping will, where necessary, be protected by felting or cased
with wood in such a manner as to preserve the heat from being dissipated
or wasted.
Each house or appartment therein, and each room, will be supplied with
a stop-cock by which the water or steam can be turned off when wished,
without affecting the flow to other parts of the same house, or to the
neighbouring houses. Each house will also have (where hot water is to be
used and not steam) cocks for drawing hot water for baths, washing, &c.
In order to provide against accident, stop-cocks will be made whero
and when deemed desirable to work together by means of one handle so
arranged that the stop-cock which shuts off the steam or water will only
do so to the same extent as the other stop-cock will open a new course.
A system of this kind will save much fuel and will utilize much heat
that is now wasted. It will also in effect supersede the necessity for fires
in houses except for cooking, and will thus lessen the risk of fire and the
expense of heating as well as give great facility for cleanliness. Such
a system would also allow the same temperature to be kept up day and a
night, thus avoiding the dangers of extreme changes.
My proposed system of heating can also be utilized as an effectual
means of rapidly clearing the streets of snow by means of steam or hot
water taken at intervals, where necessary, from the pipes laid throughout
the district.
G
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Charles
Neaves Cowper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
NEAVES COWPER, of Number Three, Bruntsfield Crescent, Edinburgh, 8
send greeting.

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, givo
and grant unto me, the said Charles Neaves Cowper, Her special licenco
that I, the said Charles Neaves Cowper, my executors, administrators,
› and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Neaves Cowper, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrciso,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
O the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
ECONOMIC METHOD OF HEATING TOWNS AND VILLAGES, OR SECTIONS THEREOF,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Neaves
Cowper, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
3 describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office on or before the Twenty-seventh day of
July One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Neaves Cowper, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the samo
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The object of my Invention is to provide a method by which towns
or villages, or larger or smaller sections of towns or villages may bo
heated from one common source.
The mode of carrying into effect this improved method of heating is
by means of a system of piping carrying steam or hot water from one
or more stations (in which stations are erected the necessary number
and power of boilers, cisterns, and other heating apparatus) to and
through the houses or other premises which are to be heated in the
district.
The piping will, where necessary, be protected by felting, or cased
with wood in such a manner as to preserve the heat from being dissipated
or wasted.
My improved method of heating will, as regards distribution through
towns and districts, be carried into effect in a manner similar to that
now in use in distributing gas or water to towns or villages.

page_text: My system can be applied with little extra cost or trouble where new
blocks of houses or streets are to be crected. In such cases the main
piping would be laid through and along the areas of the houses. It can
also easily be fitted up in houses already built and occupied.
It is probable that heat might be raised and distributed from a common 5
source by means of hot or heated air, in a manner somewhat similar to
that I have described, but I do not claim this as I do not conceive it
would be so economical or efficient as my method.
Each house and each room will bo supplied with a stop-cock by which
the water or steam can be turned off when wished without affecting 1
the flow to other parts of the same house or to the neighbouring houses.
Each houso will also have (whero hot water is to be used and not steam)
cocks for drawing hot water for baths, washing, &c.
In order to provide against accident the stop-cocks will be made where
and when deemed desirable to work together by means of one handlo so 1
arranged that the stop-cock which shuts off the steam or water will
only do so to the same extent as the other stop-cock will open a new
course.
A system of this kind will savo much fuel and will utilize much heat
that is now wasted. It will also in effect supersede the necessity for 2
fires in houses, except for cooking, and will thus lessen the risk of fire
and the expense of heating, as well as give great facility for cleanliness.
Such a system would also allow the same temperature to be kept up day
and night, thus avoiding the danger of extreme changes.
My proposed system of heating can also be utilized as an effectual 2
means for rapidly cleaning the streets of snow, by means of steam or
hot water taken at intervals, where necessary, from the pipes laid
throughout the district.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Neaves Cowper, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, 8
in the year of our Lord 1875.