Improvements in Steam Boilers or Generators.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 15th July, 1890-Accepted, 16th Aug., 1890-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Boilers or Generators.
We, JESSE AINSWORTH STOTT, and ABRAHAM HENTHORN STOTT Junior, of 5 Cross
Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Architects and Consulting Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of our said invention to be as follows:-
The Babcock and Willcox water tube boiler (which is well known) though a rapid
and safe steam generator for high pressures is liable to "prime" owing to its limited
steam space, and there is a loss of the furnace heat, such as is not the case in the
Lancashire or Cornish boiler with one or more internal furnace flues.
Our invention consists in a combination of water tubes similar to the Babcock and
Willcox steam generator with a Lancashire or Cornish boiler having one or more
internal furnace flues, by which the heat of the furnace first acts in the internal flue
or flues of the Lancashire boiler and then operates upon the water tubes.
We arrange a Lancashire boiler, with two internal furnace flues by preference, so
that the heated gases after passing through the flue or flues of the Lancashire boiler
will descend and pass one or more times downward and then upward, through the
spaces between the water tubes, and will then ascend and pass along flues formed
by brickwork, on the exterior of the Lancashire boiler, and then pass to the
chimney.
The water tubes are in an inclined position under the exterior of the Lancashire
boiler and they are connected with it at each end and thus cause a rapid circulation
of water from the Lancashire boiler to the water tubes and back from them to
the Lancashire boiler.
Our improved boilers or steam generators are erected on brickwork and are
provided with passages for cleaning out the flues and the surfaces of the tubes.
Dated this Fourteenth day of October 1889.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Boilers or Generators.
We, JESSE AINSWORTH STOTT and ABRAHAM HENTHORN STOTT, Junior, of 5 Cross
Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Architects and Consulting Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
:-
Our invention consists of the combination of an internally fired boiler of one, two
or more flues with what is known as a water tube boiler, consisting of a number
of tubes which contain water inside, and are acted upon on the outside by the
products of combustion. We place the water tube boiler underneath the flued boiler,
and the products of combustion after passing through the flue or flues of the flued
boiler are passed amongst and upon the exteriors of the tubes of the water tube boiler
and thence to the main flue leading to the chimney. By preference we cause the
products of combustion after passing amongst the water tubes to pass underneath
and along the sides of the onter shell of the flued boiler on their way to the
chimney.
The flued boiler may be constructed in many ways, that is to say, as a. Cornish or
Lancashire boiler having the flues passing from end to end and with or without cross
tubes therein or in the case of two or more furnaces, the furnaces may combine into

page_text: one flue generally known as a breeches boiler, or the flues after leaving the furnaces
may be subdivided into two or more flues or tubes or the furnaces may be con-
nected to a combustion chamber and the flues after leaving the same be subdivided
into two or more flues or tubes. The flue or flues may in any of the above cases pass
out at the end of the boiler farthest from the furnaces or may be turned down to
pass out at the bottom of the boiler or turned to pass out at the side or. sides of the
boiler.
By preference, we use a boiler of one, two or more flues, each containing a furnace
and turned down at or near the end of the boiler farthest from the furnaces so as to
pass the products of combustion direct amongst the tubes of the water tube boiler
without previously coming into contact with brickwork, which would be the case if
the flue or flues passed out at the end of the boiler.
The tubes of the water tube boiler are placed in an inclined position so that the
water will traverse them from the lower to the higher end, owing to its rise of
temperature, and the higher end of the tubes may be either that under the furnace or
furnaces or the opposite end. By preference we incline the tubes so that the higher
end of the same is farthest from the furnaces of the flued boiler.
The water tube boiler may be constructed in many ways, and may be a sectional
boiler having the tubes connected at the ends to headers or boxes of cast or wrought
iron or steel, or other suitable material through which the water descends from one
end of the flued boiler to the tubes of the water tube boiler and through which at the
opposite end it ascends to the flued boiler owing to its rise of temperature; or the
water tube boiler may have ends or water chambers constructed of plates of wrought
iron or steel or other suitable material of the usual riveted boiler construction into
which the tubes are expanded, screwed, or fixed in any suitable manner. By preference
we construct the ends or water chambers of the water tube boiler, of plates of wrought
iron or steel or other suitable material of the usual riveted boiler construction and by
preference the tubes are expanded into the tube plates by a tube expander. The
opposite plate to the tube plate in each end or chamber of the water tube boiler is
provided with suitable doors or lids for inserting the tubes and for cleaning the same
internally. By preference we use one circular door or lid opposite each end of each
tube each door or lid is or may be bevel on the edge and made to fit into a taper
bored hole or seating in the outer plate, or may be made to fit against the inside of
the plate, and constructed like mud doors in the ordinary and well known manner, the
doors or lids are fixed in position from the inside so that the pressure in the boiler
tends to keep them on their seats. Suitable oval doors or lids of the usual pattern are
provided for inserting the circular lids into the ends or water chambers of the water
tube boiler and also for use as mud doors.
The water tube boiler may be connected to the flued boiler by pipes or nipples or
in any suitable way or one or both of the ends or water chambers of the water tube
boiler may be made with and form part of the flued boiler.
By preference we connect the lower end or water chamber of the water tube boiler
with the flued boiler by suitable pipes and we construct the other or higher end or
water chamber of the water tube boiler along with and as part of the flued boiler thus
enabling any steam generated in the water tubes to escape freely to the surface of the
water in the flued boiler without passing through confined pipes or passages which
have a tendency to cause priming.
The figures upon the accompanying drawing represent a boiler constructed according
to our invention, with two internal flues, in the front end of which the furnaces are
placed in that part which is similar to a Lancashire boiler, and with the water tube
portion below as we prefer to arrange it.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation.
Fig. 2 is a plan section through the centre of the internal furnace and flues of the
upper part of the boiler.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional elevations respectively on the lines X-X and Y-Y
Figs. 1 and 2. These two sections are shown side by side and connected by brickwork
as two similar boilers would appear erected side by side.

page_text: being shown in section, and
Fig. 6 is a front elevation.
We will name some of the parts by letters of reference.
a, is the shell of the upper cylindrical boiler; b, are two internal flues formel with
corrugations.
The two flues turn downwards before they arrive at the end of the cylindrical
portion of the boiler a, each forming a chamber 6', of the shape seen best by reference
to Figs. 1, 2 and 4.
The flat sides of this chamber b', are strengthened by stays between it and the sides
and end of the boiler.
The flat portion of the chamber 61, towards the furnace end of the boiler is
strengthened by girder stays ² extending from side to side and stay bolts like the top
of the fire box of an ordinary locomotive boiler.
The ends of the cylindrical part of the boiler are strengthened by stays a¹,
extending from end to end and by gusset stays a² in the ordinary manner.
In the upper portion of the boiler (a) are shown steam pipes c, stop valve c', safety
valve c², high steam and low water safety valve e³, and inan holes a*, which parts
are ordinary mountings of a steam boiler, well understood and need not be further
described.
The products of combustion from the furnace at the front end of the internal
flues b, descend from the upper boiler a, into a flue d, formed by brickwork, the
upper part of which is carried by iron beams embedded in the brickwork as shown.
The form of this portion of the brickwork flue will be best seen by reference to
Figs. 1, 4 and 3.
Within this brickwork flue the water tube portion e, of the boiler is arranged,
the tubes e, being parallel to each other with spaces between and in an inclined position,
the lower ends of the tubes being those coming to the front or furnace end of the boiler.
These tubes e, are inserted and secured at each end in any ordinary manner in a
tube plate ex, forming one side of a box or chamber a³, which at the end furthest
from the furnace forms a continuation from the bottom of the boiler a.
These boxes or chambers a³, and e', (that in the front being e¹) are strengthened
by stays between the two sides of the boxes or chambers as shown in Figs. and 2.
The two flat sides of the chamber a³, are strengthened by stays at, extending from
side to side (see Fig. 2).
The tube box or chamber at the front end is connected with the front part of the
upper boiler a, by pipes e², shown best in Figs. 1 and 6.
In each of the outside plates of the chambers a³, and e¹, there is a hole made
opposite the end of each tube which hole is closed by a lid or door made in the form
of a disc with a stem riveted or otherwise fixed therein, the disc is made bevel on
the edge, and the hole is bored taper to form a seating for the same and make a
steam and water tight joint, or the lids or doors may be made to fit against the
inside of the plates and constructed like mud doors in the ordinary and well known
manner.
The lids or doors f, are inserted from the inside through oval hand holes gl, closed
by lids formed and arranged in the ordinary and well known minner and are then
secured by a cross bar or large washer on the bolt and a screw nut in an ordinary
manner.
These holes are to give access for cleaning out the water tubes e, when required
and for repairs. The lower oval hand holes y, at the front end, are for removing mud
and sediment when required.
The pipe, and cock ', in the front of the boiler (see Figs. 1 and 6) are for
drawing off the water or for blowing out and discharging mud and water from it.
If desired two or more of the holes shown in Figs. 5 and 6 may be made oblong
to serve for two or more tubes (e) and the plates for closing them may be face.] to
form a water and steam tight joint with the plate, or there may be a ring of lead or
other suitable soft metal or material placed between the cover plate and plate in

page_text: h the hole is formed so as to bed when the plate is screwed up tight, thus
ng the joint water and steam tight.
ere is a hanging bridge or deflector dx, to cause the products of combustion to
pass to the lower tubes e; and the flue or chamber d, for the water tubes e, has
ings i, at the sides which may be closed by slides or doors, for inspecting the
se, and for removing soot.
om the flue d, the products divide and pass on each side through openings d',
Figs. 1, 2 and 3) and pass into an ascending flue d², and then into a flue d³,
ed under the bottom and sides of the boiler shell a, (see Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4) and
pass at each side at the back end of the boiler shell a, through dampers d*, to the
ney flue (see Figs. 2 and 5.)
is the floor at the front of the boiler from which the furnaces are attended to and
lied with fuel.
hen the internal flue or flues for the furnace or furnaces and their products of
bustion in boiler a, pass through and out at its end, then the heated products are
ucted by a descending brickwork or other suitable flue to the chamber or flue d,
he water tubes e, and the ends of the tubes e, at the back end of the boiler are
ted in a chamber similar to the chamber e, at the front end which chamber is
ected with the back end of the boiler by pipes similar to those (e) shown at the
end of the boiler, or may be connected in any other suitable manner.
will be understood that the water will circulate through the water tubes e, passing
e direction from their lower to their higher ends, will then rise into the shell a.
at end, and pass from the back end of the shell a, to its front end, descend the
se², to the chamber e¹, and thus complete its circuit.
e advantages of our invention are as follows.
As compared with ordinary flued boilers.
shorter
(a) We are enabled to obtain much larger heating surfaces with a
boiler which is of great importance for very high pressures when the outer
shell of the ordinary flued boiler owing to its great thickness becomes of
little value as heating surface and the great length of the ordinary flued boiler
causes difficulties by unequal expansion.
(b) We obtain an efficient circulation of the water in the boiler which is
always moving up the water tubes and along the flued boiler in the opposite
direction thus promoting the rapid generation of steam, whereas in an ordinary
flued boiler especially the two flued or Lancashire type, there is apt to be a body
of cooler water at the bottom which does not get properly into circulation thus
impeding the generation of steam and causing unequal expansion of the boiler.
As compared with a water tube boiler.
(a) We obtain the advantage of internal furnaces in place of furnaces surrounded
by brickwork which absorbs a large portion of the heat.
(b) We secure ample water and steam spaces in which water tube boilers are very
deficient.
(c) We avoid priming which is caused by the steam generated in water tube
boilers of ordinary construction passing through narrow passages into the
steam receiver.
As compared with tubular boilers with internal smoke tubes we secure perfect
ssibility for cleaning of all parts both internal and external, the spaces around the
s in a tubular boiler being difficult to clean especially with bad water.
enerally we secure perfect freedom for the steam wherever generated to rise
kly to the surface of the water which is not the case where the furnaces are at
siderable depth from the surface and especially where the steam has to rise through
ow pipes or passages containing water.
laving now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
m is.
The combination of an internally furnaced and flued boiler of the Cornish or

page_text: Lancashire type or with three or more furnaces with a series of inclined water tubes
under the said boiler, with flues arranged to conduct the heated products of com-
bustion from the furnace or furnaces first along the internal flues and from thence
to the flue or chamber enclosing the water tubes and then either direct to the
chimney flue, or first to a flue under and on the sides of the upper cylindrical boiler
and then to the chimney flue, substantially as herein before described.
2. The combination of an internally furnaced and flued boiler of the Cornish or
Lancashire type or with three or more furnaces with the internal flue or flues turned
downwards within the shell of the said boiler, conducting the heated products of
combustion to a flue or chamber under the boiler in which are arranged inclined
water tubes combined with the first named boiler, the flue then passing directly to the
chimney flue or first to a flue under and on the sides of the said first named boiler
and from thence to the chimney flue, substantially as herein before described and
illustrated by the drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of boiler substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the drawings.
Dated this Fourteenth day of July 1890.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.