IMPROVEMENTS IN VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER SPRINGS FOR USE IN THE BUFFER, DRAW, AND BEARING SPRINGS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES, AND WAGONS, WHICH IMPROVED SPRINGS MAY BE USED FOR SOME OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Spencer, of 77, Cannon Street, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER SPRINGS FOR USE IN THE BUFFER, DRAW,
AND BEARING SPRINGS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY ENGINES, CARRIAGES,
AND WAGONS, WHICH IMPROVED SPRINGS MAY BE USED FOR SOME OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 24th April 1877, and dated the 24th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1877.
GEORGE SPENCER, of 77, Cannon Street, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VULCANISED INDIA-RUBBER SPRINGS FOR USE
IN THE BUFFER, DRAW, AND BEARING SPRINGS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY ENGINES,
CARRIAGES, AND WAGONS, WHICH IMPROVED SPRINGS MAY BE USED FOR SOME OTHER
PURPOSES."
My improvements in vulcanised india-rubber springs for use in the buffer, draw,
and bearing springs of railway and tramway engines, carriages, and wagons, which
improved springs may be used for some other purposes, consist in moulding plates
of metal, provided with spaces or perforations, into the substance of cones or
cylinders of india-rubber forming the spring, so as to preserve the continuity of the
substance of the india-rubber through the spaces in the said plates, by which means
I avoid the use of the grooves in the periphery of the cones or cylinders of india-
rubber, which I have hitherto used to keep the confining cup ring in position; or
the perforated plates may be used without being moulded into the substance of the
india-rubber springs. I find the cup rings in such grooves are liable to work out of
position, see my Patents, No. 1733, dated July 22nd 1853, and No. 168, dated
January 18th 1866.
In Drawing Fig. 1 shows a section of such a spring; Fig. 1a shows an end elevation
of the same. A is the india-rubber cylinder; B is the perforated cup plate moulded
in the substance of the india-rubber.
Figs. 2, 20, and 2b, show methods by which the india-rubber may be kept from
coming in contact with the rod. A in each case is the india-rubber cylinder, and B
the perforated cup plate moulded in the india-rubber.

page_text: Fig. 3 is a section, and Fig. 3ª, an end elevation of an india-rubber cylinder where
the cup ring B is moulded into the india-rubber, leaving a central space in the cup
ring so as to preserve the continuity of the india-rubber.
Figs. 4 and 4 show a modification in which the cup ring B is formed separately
from the nozzle ring C, the continuity of the india-rubber is preserved between the
two rings.
Figs. 5 and 5a show a similar spring without the outer ring forming the cup, as
shown in the previous Figure. The embedded nozzle, one form of which is shown
in Fig. 4, may be used in the spring by itself, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 7ª,
The modifications of the perforated plate with central space, provided with
confining cup or not, and nozzles, shown in the previous Figures, may be applied to
cones of india-rubber, one form of which is shown in Fig. 8, parts lettered as in
previous Figures.
Fig. 9 shows a double cone of india-rubber with a perforated plate moulded into
the india-rubber. A is the india-rubber double cone; B is the perforated plate; C
is an ordinary cup end plate; D is a dividing cup plate, perforated or not.
Fig. 10 shows an india-rubber spring with improved form of cup ring combined
with the perforated plate and lettered B; A is the india-rubber.
Fig. 11 shows the improved cup ring combined with a plate having a central
space, as described in Fig. 3. A is the india-rubber; B, the ring.
Fig. 12 shows the improved cup ring fitted into a groove formed on the periphery
of the india-rubber. A is the india-rubber cylinder; B is the ring.
Fig. 13 shows a different section of improved cup ring. A is the india-rubber
cylinder; B, the ring. The sections of confining cup rings shown in Figs. 10, 11, 12,
and 13, may be used with cylinders or cones, or any suitable form of india-rubber
spring.
Fig. 14 shows the application of the improved cup ring and perforated plate
applied to the waist of a double cone, to be used with end or dividing plates. A is
the india-rubber; B, the ring.
Fig. 15 shows another form of spring which may be used with the perforated
plate, or plate with central space and nozzle, as before described. A is india-rubber;
B is the cup ring plate.
Figs. 16, 17, and 18, show india-rubber springs with improved forms of dividing
and end plates, in which the plate is made thicker at the part next the rod and
tapering off to the circumference, the object of this being to give a greater surface
for friction on the rod, and to assist in holding the india-rubber in position; this
form of plate may be used in any of the modifications of india-rubber springs
already described.
Any of the forms of india-rubber springs heretofore described may. be made
singly or in groups, and may be made solid and used without rods by being provided
with external guidance or cases.
The cup dividing and end plates and plain dividing plates may be formed
with projections on the surface to support the india-rubber instead of having
perforations. Figs. 18 and 18ª show an end plate with such projections; P, P, on
the Drawing being the projections.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Spencer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd August
1877.
GEORGE SPENCER, of 77, Cannon Street, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VULCANIZED INDIA-RUBBER SPRINGS FOR USE
IN THE BUFFER, DRAW, AND BEARING SPRINGS OF RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY ENGINES,
CARRIAGES, AND WAGONS, WHICH IMPROVED SPRINGS MAY BE USED FOR SOME OTHER
PURPOSES."

page_text: My improvements in vulcanized india-rubber springs for use in the buffer, draw,
and bearing springs of railway and tramway engines, carriages, and wagons, which
improved springs may be used for some other purposes, consist of,-
1stly. Moulding cup plates of metal, having spaces or perforations, into the
substance of cones or cylinders, or other forms of india-rubber forming the spring,"
so as to preserve the continuity of the india-rubber through the spaces or perforations
in the said plates, by which means I avoid the use of the grooves in the periphery
of the cones or cylinders of india-rubber, which I have hitherto used to keep the
confining cup ring in position, see my Patents, Number 1733, dated the 22nd day
of July 1853, and Number. 168, dated the 18th day of January 1866..
In the Drawing Fig. 1 shows the section of such a spring; Fig. 1a is an end
elevation of the same. A is the india-rubber cylinder; B is the perforated cup plate
with the perforations C, the plate being moulded into the substance of the india-
rubber; R is the guide, buffer, or draw rod.
Figures 2, 2ª, and 2b show methods by which the india-rubber. may be kept from
coming in contact with the rod. A in each case is the. india-rubber cylinder; B, the
perforated cup plate moulded into the india-rubber.
2ndly. A method of moulding the cup plate into the substance of the india-rubber,
by which the continuity of the india-rubber is preserved, see Fig. 3 and Fig. 3a on
the Drawing. A is the india-rubber cylinder; B is the cup plate with a central
space left, as shown; R is the guide rod.
3rdly. A method by which the embedded cup plate with central space, as shown
in Fig. 3 and Fig. 34, is used in combination with a nozzle ring, see Figs. 4 and 4ª.
A is the india-rubber; B is the cup ring; C is the separate nozzle ring; R is
the guide rod. The continuity of the india-rubber is preserved between the two
rings.
Figs. 5 and 5ª show a spring similar to the last without the outer cup ring. A is
the india-rubber; B is a circular plate; C is the nozzle ring; R is the guide rod.
4thly. Various forms of nozzle rings, to be used without outer ring, moulded
into the substance of the india-rubber, to prevent it from wearing by the friction of
the rod; these nozzle rings are shown in the Drawing by Figs. 6, 7, and 7ª.
The modifications of the perforated plate and plate with central space provided
with confining cup or not and nozzle rings, as shown in previous Figures, may be
applied to cones of india-rubber; Fig. 8 shows one form, lettered as in previous
Figures.
5thly. A method of moulding the perforated plate into the waist of a double cone,
see Fig. 9 in the Drawing. A is the india-rubber double cone; B is the perforated
plate; C is an end plate; D is a dividing plate, perforated or not; R is the guide
rod.
Gthly. An improved form of cup ring, shown by Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14.
Fig. 10 shows an india-rubber spring with improved form of cup ring. A is the
india-rubber; B is the cup ring; and R is the guide rod.
Fig. 11 shows the improved cup ring combined with a plate having a central
space, as shown in Fig. 3. A is the india-rubber; B is the cup ring; R is the
guide rod.
Fig. 12 shows improved cup ring fitted into a groove formed on the periphery of
the india-rubber, similarly to the method shown in my previous Patents.
Fig. 13 shows a different section of improved cup ring. The improved cup rings
may be used with cylinders, cones, or any suitable forms of india-rubber spring.
Fig. 14 shows the application of the improved cup ring and perforated plate
applied to the waist of a double cone, to be used with end or dividing plates.
Figs. 15 and 15 on the Drawing show another form of spring, which may be
used with the perforated plate, or plate with central space and nozzle ring, as before
described, or with a groove formed on the periphery of the spring, to retain the cup
ring in position, parts lettered as before.
7thly. An improved form of dividing or end plate, in which the plate is made
thicker at the part next the rod and tapering off to the circumference, the object

page_text: being to give a greater surface for friction on the rod, and to assist in holding the
india-rubber in position. This form of plate may be used in any of the modifications
of india-rubber springs already described.
Figs. 16 and 17 show some modes of application of the improved plates, parts
lettered as before.
8thly. The use of plates embedded or not into the rubber, having projections
instead of perforations to hold the india-rubber in position; Figs. 18 and 18 show
section and elevation of such a plate; p sliows the projections.
Any of the forms of india-rubber springs heretofore described may be made and
used singly or in groups, or may be made solid and used without rods by being
provided with external guidance or cases.
9thly. The use of perforated plates in india-rubber springs, where, instead of the
india-rubber being used continuously through the perforations, the india-rubber is in
separate pieces and joined in the perforations, as shown in Fig. 19.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Spencer, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord 1877.
GEORGE SPENCER. (L.S.)