IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of 124 Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the
Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS AND OTHER LAMPS," a communication to me from Julius
Schülke, of the City of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to regenerative burners principally designed for street-
lanterns but also applicable for other purposes.
In describing this invention reference will be made to the accompanying
drawings, of which Fig. 1 represents the burner in a lantern provided with a
chimney arranged so as to protect the flame against gusts of wind. Fig. 2 represents
a pendant lamp, without chimney, Fig. 1 shows two half sections along lines A-B
of Fig. 1, and Fig. 2 a section along line G-H of Fig. 2. The crown or body a,
Fig. 1, of the multiple burner carries any suitable number of ordinary flat burners
distributed equally on the circumference, but placed at an angle to the respectivo
radius of the multiple burner, like the blades of a paddle wheel.
This oblique arrangement of the flames has for its object to improve the supply
of air and the steadiness and shape of the flame.
For the purpose of further maintaining the shape of the flames, the burner is
surrounded by a reflector having slots placed oblique to the respective radius of
the reflector, and immediately above the flame.
8
The burners are surrounded by the glass cylinder 6 connected above with the
funnel shaped reflector d and forming a partition between the atmospheric air and
the gases of combustion.
I
The upper end of the said funnel shaped or conical reflector d is attached, in the
chamber, to the lower end of a vertical air heating apparatus placed above the
axis of the burner. This heater has the shape of a vertical cylinder 7 provided
inside with longitudinal folds, Figs. 1 and 1. These folds are formed by partitions
(approximately radial) leaving in the centre a cylindrical flue enlarged at the
bottom of the heater by cutting out a portion of the folds. The inner folds of this
air heater are closed below, outside the enlarged chamber f, as indicated in the

page_text: drawing by the ring p), while the outer folds, are closed at the top of the neater
near the funnel h.
The closing of the folds has for its object to separate the air from the gases of
combustion, which would otherwise mix in this space.
The outer folds of the star-shaped heating tube g are sharpened or pointed at
their lower extremity, as illustrated by the upper half of Fig. 18, in order to obtain
a better distribution of air.
The funnel, mounted on the upper end of the cylinder g, is connected with the
chimney, k, open at the upper end, and surrounded by and communicating with a
cylindrical casing o. The latter is closed at the top and surrounded with two
hollow rings i, each of which covers a series or row of holes in the cylinder o.
The upper row of holes serves for the escape of the gases of combustion, while the
lower row serves to admit air.
The heating cylinder g is surrounded with a jacket W made of a bad conductor
of heat and in the lower end of which is formed an annular space m surrounding
the lower end of the heating cylinder.
The annular space m serves to increase the passage of atmospheric air.
A hemispherical glass casing c encloses the burner at the bottom and is pressed
by an elastic ring r (figs 1 and 2), hermetically against the lower face of the air
heater g. By this elastic attachment of the globe c injurious strains in the glass,
and rupture in consequence of the heat, are prevented.
The gas reaches the burner through a vertical pipe c which may pass through
the centre of the air heater, or sideways. 8 is a gas tap, s an auxiliary tap leading
-to-the igniting duct el, e, which supplies gas to a small flame above the burners a.
x is a gas pressure governor.
The apparatus works as follows;
After the flame has been lit, the necessary draught arises in the chimney k. The
gases of combustion rise from the flame into the distributing space fand pass from
here partly through the central space of the heating cylinder g, partly through the
inner folds of the same into the chimney k, over the upper edge of the same and
escape through the holes under the upper ring i into the open air, as indicated by
the arrows.
At the same time atmospheric air enters through the holes under the lower ring i,
in the direction of the arrows, and passes along the funnel h into the outer folds of
the beating cylinder g, and from the same through the space m into the globe c to
the flames. During its passage the air is considerably heated.
This arrangement of the inlet and outlet holes in the chimney and of the rings i,
represented in fig. 1, has a considerable effect on the steady burning of the flames
during a draught, so that the flames remain steady even during a heavy storm.
This is obtained by the proximity of the inlet and outlet holes owing to which the
wind has a uniform effect on the inlet and outlet holes, while the draught in the
lanterns remains steady and free from variations.
The rings i, which are exactly similar to each other, moreover serve to protect
the outlet and inlet holes. For the purpose of maintaining a constant feed of gas,
& gas regulator is inserted at X.
Fig. 2, represents a modification suitable for large burners. At the lower end of
the gas pipe e is situated a casting having several arms, provided with burners
placed either vertically, or obliquely, as shown in Fig. 2.
The folded heating cylinder made of sheet iron extends from the lower edge of
the funnel h down to the buruer. The folded cylinder may however also be shorter
and connected at the lower end with an ordinary sheet iron cylinder extending
downwards as far as the burners.
The folded cylinder g is of almost the same construction as that represented in
Fig. 1. The closing of the inner folds is indicated below by the ring p. The outer
folds are closed close below the funnel h. The air heater is also surrounded with a
bad conductor of heat W.

page_text: On the cylinder g is placed the funnel with the chimney k; the latter is closed
at the top but communicates with a series of tubes u, fig. 2°, serving to admit air.
The lamp works as follows:
The gases of combustion pass from the flames through the chamber f' into the
exterior folds of the heating cylinder g, rise in the direction of the arrows, leave
the feed heater below the chimney h, pass around the pipes u and escapo at
the top.
In the mean time the air enters the pipes u, passes downward through the inner
folds of the air heater, where it is heated and thus reaches the flames.
The lower part of this air heater is represented in fig. 2* in cross section along
line G-H.
Fig. 3, represents the same arrangement of the air heater in combination with a
single burner.
Fig. 5 illustrates the invention as applied to a petroleum lamp.
Fig. 6 shows a simplified form of lamp, in which the cylinder b is attached
directly to the air heater.
In the whole of the figures the same letters indicate analogous parts, and the
functions are as above described.
n

page_text: .
I, GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Prussia,
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS AND OTHER LAMPS," a communication to me from Julius Schülke, Berlin,
Prussia, Germany, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to regenerative burners principally designed for street-
lanterns, but also applicable for other purposes.
In describing this invention reference will be made to the accompanying drawings,
of which Fig. 1 represents the burner in a lantern provided with a chimney
arranged so as to protect the flame against gusts of wind. Fig. 2 represents a
pendant lamp, without chimney, and the remaining figures show details and
modifications.
The crown or body a, Fig. 1, of the multiple burner carries any suitable number
of ordinary flat burners or gas jets, distributed equally on the circumference, but
placed at an angle to the respective radius of the multiple burner, liko the blades
of a paddle wheel, as shown by Fig. 1b.--
This oblique arrangement of the flames has for its object to improve the supply
of air and the steadiness and shape of the flames.
For the purpose of further maintaining the shape of the flames, the burner is
surmounted by a reflector having slots placed oblique to the respective radius of
the reflector, and immediately above the flame, (see Fig. 1º).
The burners are surrounded by the glass cylinder b connected above with the
funnel shaped reflector d and forming a partition between the atmospheric air and
the gases of combustion. The upper end of the said funnel shaped or conical
reflector & is attached, in the chamber f, to the lower end of a vertical air heating
apparatus placed above the axis of the burner. This heater has the shape of a
vertical cylinder g provided inside with longitudinal folds, Figs 1 and 1°.
folds are formed by partitions (approximately radial) leaving in the centre a
cylindrical flue enlarged at the bottom of the heater by cutting out a portion of
the folds.
Theso
The chamber has for its object to facilitate the distribution of the products of
combustion in the air heater.
The inner folds of this air heater are closed below, outside the enlarged chamber f,
(which is indicated in the drawing by the dotted section-lines p), while the outer
folds, which are pointed at the lower end, are closed at the top of the heater near
the funnel h. The closing of the folds has for its object to separate the air from
the gases of combustion, which would otherwise mix in this space. The funnel h,
mounted on the upper end of the cylinder g, is connected with the chimney k, open
at the upper end and surrounded with a bad conductor of heat.
This chimney is surrounded by and communicates with a cylindrical casing v.
The latter is closed at the top and surrounded with two hollow rings i, each of
which is bulged outward and covers a series or row of holes in the cylinder v.
The upper row of holes serves for the escape of the gases of combustion, while the
lower row serves to admit air.
The star-shaped heating tube g is surrounded with a jacket W made of a bad
conductor of heat and in the lower end of which is formed an annular space
surrounding the lower end of the heating cylinder.
The annular space m serves to increase the area for the passage of atmospheric
air, so as to compensate for the reduction of the area of the outer folds caused by

page_text: the chamber f▲ hemispherical glass casing o encloses the burner at the bottom
and is pressed by an elastic ring (figs 1 and 2ª), hermetically against the lower
face of the air heater g.
By this elastic attachment of the globe c injurious strains in the glass, and
rupture in consequence of the heat are prevented.
The gas reaches the burner through a vertical pipo e, which may pass through
the centre of the air heater, or sideways from the burner, as indicated in fig. 1 by
dotted lines.
The apparatus works as follows: After the flame has been lit, the gases of
combustion rise from the flame into the distributing space f and pass from here
partly through the central space of the air-heater 9 partly through the inner folds
of the same into the chimney k over the upper edge of the same and escape through
the holes situated under the upper ring into the open air, as indicated by the
arrows.
At the same time atmospheric air enters through the holes situated under the
lower ring i, in the direction of the arrows, and passes along the funnel h into the
outer folds of the feed heater g and from the same (partly through the space m) into
the globe c where it reaches the flames. During this passage the air is considerably
beated.
This arrangement of the inlet and outlet holes in the chimney and of the rings i
represented in fig 1 has a considerable effect on the steady burning of the flames
during a gust of wind so that the flames remain steady even during a heavy storm.
This advantage is due to the proximity of the inlet and outlet holes, owing to which
the wind has a similar effect on both, while the draught in the lantern remains
steady and free from variations. The rings i which are exactly similar to each
other moreover serve to protect the outlet and inlet holes.
For the purpose of maintaining a constant feed of gas, a gas regulator is inserted
at X. For lighting the lamp without removing the globe, the lamp is provided
with an igniting duct e¹, the flame of which burns above the burners.
Fig 2 represents a modification suitable for large burners. At the lower end of
the gas pipe e is situated a casting having several arms provided with burners
placed either vertically or obliquely as shown in Fig. 2.
The folded heating cylinder made of sheet iron extends from the lower edge of
the funnel h down to the burner; it may, however, be shorter and connected at
the lower end with an ordinary sheet iron cylinder extending downwards as far as
the burners.
The folded cylinder or heater is of almost the same construction as that
represented in fig. 1, but the distributing chamber is situated at the circum-
ference of the heater. The closing of the inner folds, at the lower end, is indicated
by dotted section-lines p. The outer folds are closed immediately below the
funnel h. The air heater is also surrounded with a bad conductor of heat W.
On the cylinder g is placed the funnel h with the chimney , the latter is closed
at the top but communicates at the sides with a series of tubes u, fig. 2º, serving
to admit air.
The glass cylinder b, applied in the construction represented by fig. 1, is omitted
in this modified form Fig. 2.
The lamp works as follows. The gases of combustion pass from the flames
through the chamber f' into the exterior folds of the heating cylinder g, rise in the
direction of the arrows, leave the air heater g below the chimney h, pass around
the pipes and escape at the top. In the meantime atmospheric air, as indicated
by arrows, enters the pipes u, passes downward through the inner folds of the air
heater, where it is heated, and thus reaches the flames. The lower part of this
air heater is further shown in fig. 2 which is a cross section along line G—H of
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 represents the same arrangement of air heater for a single flame burner.

page_text: Fig. 4 represents the air heater applied to an Argand burner, and fig. 5 illustratos
the invention as applied to a petroleum lamp. In the whole of the figures the
same letters indicate analogous parts, and the functions are as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: Lamps constructed substantially as described and illustrated by Figs 1
to 5 of the drawings, and in particular:
1. A gas Lamp having oblique jets with or without reflector 2 provided with
oblique slots, as in Fig. 1°, and with or without cylinder b.
2. An elastic ring r adapted to press the glass globe c against the base of the air
heating apparatus.
3. A distributing chamber f, (Figs 1 and 2) formed by cutting out and uniting
the folds of the heating tube 9, in the manner described, in combination with the
packing or covers p.
4. The chimney v provided with bulged rings i.
5. The annular space m, Fig. 1, for increasing the sectional area of the air current
passing to the flames.
6. The arrangement of the air heater g, illustrated by Fig. 2.
7. The adaptation of the air heater for single flanie burners, as illustrated by
Figs 3, 4 and 5.
8. The pointed or contracted shape of the lower ends of the outer folds of the
starshaped tube g, for increasing the sectional area for the passage of air, and
ensuring a quiet and uniform flow of air into the glass globe.
9. The inner chimney k jacketted with a bad conductor of heat.
A