IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF MOULDS AND CORES OF MOULDS FOR CASTING IRON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GILMOUR WILSON, of Port Dundas, Glasgow, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent. under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great.
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the twelfth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Gilmour Wilson, my exois, adiñiors, and assigns, Her
especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said:
William Gilmour Wilson, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said William Gilmour Wilson, my exors, adññiors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also
in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF MOULDS AND CORES OF MOULDS FOR CASTING
IRON AND OTHER SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a.
proviso that I, the said William Gilmour Wilson, should cause a particular
description of the nature of.my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to

page_text: be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Gilmour Wilson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention consists of modes of constructing moulds and cores for
forming pipes and other cylinders, and castings of iron and other substances,
whether cylindrical or otherwise. And the advantages of my Invention for
the purpose of making castings in sand or loam are these, that much of the
labor heretofore necessary for ramming the sand will be saved, as also a saving
of much sand, straw, and fuel, and by which moulds and cores can be con-
structed with moulding sands which have hitherto been constructed of loam;
and thus very much expensive material is saved, and the sands are so little
--deteriorated, that the whole in some cases can be repeatedly used over again
for the same purposes. I can dispense with straw ropes, heretofore necessary
in making this class of work in the formation of cores, and which formed a
large item of the expence of manufacturing. I also save very much fuel in
the drying of the cores, as the loam heretofore used contained a very large
quantity of water which the straw ropes partly absorbed, and was difficult to drive
off by heat on account of the hollow straws retaining the moisture; and, besides,
the straw being a bad conductor of heat, prevented the loam from receiving
-any of the leat communicated to the metal bar. Much less art will be required
on the part of the workınan, and errors avoided which at present exist in the
construction of moulds and cores, and also great accuracy in the required
weight of the castings can be attained; and my Invention can be adopted in
ordinary workshops. And in order that the same may be fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the nieans pursued by me.
.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a vertical section of a moulding box, the surface of which
is full of holes, and a section of a metal pattern with an elevation of an
internal arrangement. These are for the forming of a mould of a cylin-
drical pipe with the fawcet down, the metal pattern being made to collapse
and stand clear of the sand when the principal part of the mould has been

page_text: formed. Thus a is a metal plate, into which the pattern 6 has been expanded
so as to fill the recess c; d is the lower part of moulding box, which is then
placed on a and fixed to it; the sand is then gradually put into the space e, e,
in layers of two to three inches in depth, while being constantly rammed up
hard with metal band rammers as far as f, which is the next portion of mould-
ing box put on and fixed to d by bolts, as shewn. The upper part of this box,
has on it a basin or faucet part, which has already been fixed and coated with
loam, the sand is then gradually put into the space e, e, from the top of box,
ramming hard up cach course of two inches with metal rammers, as shewn
at g, and which is continued till the sand comes up as far as the recess h, h,
in the pattern; but when the workmen cannot be depended upon for ramming
carefully, it may be desireable to have the moulding box to part with flanges
at the red line a*, 6*, and when the mould has been rammed up as far as the
lower edge of recess h, h,.the workmen will then remove the plate or ring i, i,
which has hitherto formed the one side of basin for guiding the sand into the
space e, e, and be will then put on to the recess h, h, the metal ring, as shewn
at j,j, at Figure 2. Sand is then put in behind this ring, and rammed up
and finished off' to the face of it; and a box key or wrench is then put on to
the square head of spindle k and made to revolve, which sets in motion the
pitch pullies 1, 1, 1, 1, and pitched chain 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, and the screws m, m, m, m,
which are right and left handed, and working in nuts n, m, n, n, which nuts
are made fast to parts of the pattern b, b. The pattern is thus made to
collapse, and with the assistance of the workmen, to stand clear of the mould,
as shown in plan Figure 3. The pitch pullics 1, 1, 1, 1, and the chain o, o, o, o,
and the screws m, m, m, m, shewn in Figure 1, are kept in their places by
two upright standards h, and fixed to the bottom plate a, as shewn in
Figure 4. The tension spindles or pullies 1, 1, 1, are for tightening and
adjusting the chain o. At the top of Figure 1 is a plate s, which is made to
revolve on four pullies while the process of ramming the sand is being con-
tinued. The men when ramming stand on the plates and behind i, the
rammers being guided by moveable plates t; when the pattern has been
collapsed and the wrench removed, as shewn in Figure 3, the pattern may then
be lowered down clear of the mould, or the mould may be lifted off, it being ready
for the reception of the core; but if it be more convenient to lower the pattern
clear of the mould there must then be four or six pieces cut out of the plate a,
so as to allow the moulding box to be supported at these parts on the lower
flange of d, d.
Figure 3 shews a plan of the pattern in a collapsed state inside of the
mould, but the plate s has been removed.

page_text: Figure 5in Sheet 2 is a vertical half section shewing the collapsing pattern,
as used with the faucet up. The bottom plate may be the same as shewn in
Figure 1. The spigot of the pattern is here made to fill the recess in plate a,
and the moulding box d I have here shewn as standing on the same plate as
is afterwards shewn at Figure 25, or it may be placed on the same plate, and
in the same way, as shewn at Figure 1; the workman then proceeds to put in
the sand slowly and gradually into the space e, ramming it hard up, as
described in Figure 1, until it has been rammed up to the red line c'. During
this time the faucet piece has not been in its place; but it is now put on, and
the ramming continued up as far as its upper face, which is then smoothed
off, the pattern is then collapsed, and the piece ¹ afterwards removed. The
collapsing patterns shewn in Figures 1 and 6 may be constructed and, used in
the same way. The mould is then ready for its core, and a broad-face plate
coated with loam is put over the top of the core so as to form the face of the
socket of the casting in the same way as g forms the face of the spigot in
Figure 22; and for the reasons mentioned in the description of Figure 1,
the box may be joined by flanges at the red line a*.
Figure 6 in Sheet 1 shews a simpler plan of
which may be made in four picces, or more or less.
of iron, with a bolt on each end, and which bolts are screwed into the pieces of
b, as shewn when the pattern is expanded, and to be rammed up, and the same
bolts are withdrawn when the pattern is to be removed in pieces, as shewn
at 6. When the pattern of pipe is so large that a man can get inside of it I
prefer making and using this simple form of collapsing pattern, as shewn at
Figure 6, and which is of the same size as shewn at Figure 1; and this mode
of pattern can be used with the faucet down, as in Figure 1, or with the-faucet
up, as in Figure 5. The same plan of making a mould may be adopted with
only one piece or segment of a pattern such as this, and is moved round and
kept in a concentric circle to the different sides of the box, and in this way
rammed up till the whole mould has been completed, but such a mode requires
much more care than the other modes I have adopted.
a collapsing pattern, and
The pieces c, c, are bars
Figure 7 in Sheet 3 shews part of a vertical half section, videlicet, top and
bottom of a mould, which has been formed for making a flanged pipe, and
which has been done in the same way as described and shewn at Figure 1, but
before the ramming of the inould was commenced the plate d had been bolted
to the bottom of the box f. This face plate d previously had three of its
surfaces coated with loam, which surfaces served to form the flange of the
casting. The box part thus fixed is put on the ramming up plate with the
pattern in it, and the sand is rammed up as before described until it has

page_text: reaclied the recess in the top of pattern, and which is at the surface g. This
surface g is then hard rammed up by hand as far as the lower part of the
flange now shews, the flange of pattern is then put on to the recess in the
sanie way as the ring j" was put on in Figure 2. This flange is then to be
pressed and rubbed hard down' by the workman upon the sand which is
under it until it correctly fits to the bottom of the recess in the pattern, as
at h, in Figure 1, the sand is then rammed hard in behind the outer edgé
of flange g, Fig. 7, and as far as its upper surface. The pattern is "ther
collapsed as described in Tigures 1 and 6, 'anil the mould is ready for the
reception of its core and the face plate k. This box may alsó be made to part
in the middle of its length for reasons before mentioned."
Figure 8 shows a cross section of a 'moulding box, with a pattern that is not
collapsing, and Figure 9 shews a vertical section of the 'same, at 'the red line
a on Figure 8, and a face view of the flanges of box. These two Figurës
sliew how pipe moulds are formed where it may be inconvenient to make usé
of a collapsing pattern. 6 is the section of pipe pattern with faucet up, and ė
is the sand space, the two halves of the box which has been planed or fitted
at the edges at the red line a, b. This pattern has its socket part loose, as
is shewn in Figure 5, and the mould is rammed up in the same way as
described at Fig. 1, and when this is completed. the workman then proceeds
to enter a thin blade or cutter between the flanges at both sides at the red liné
a; 6, and passing the cutter in as far as the pattern b, so as to sever com-
pletely the sand at these parts, the two halves of the box' are then separated,
and the pattern taken out. The plate.f at the bottom has had the face of it
coated with loam so as to form the face of the spigot, and the bevelled recess f
is for receiving the lower end of corc. The face view of the flanges shews
intermediate bolt holes 9, 9, which are open at the sides, and which are for
facility in putting in or removing the bolts. After the pattern has been
removed the parts of the box are put together, and the mould' is ready for the
reception of the core, as shewn at Figure 10b, and this moulding box may be
separated in the middle of its length for the reasons before mentioned.
Fig. 11 shews a plan of a pipe moulding box and pattern, and Figure 12
is a vertical section of the same. b, b, is the moulding box. d, d, the pattern
or compressor, with a conical piece d' on the top of it, by which the faucet
picce is attached or detached to d, and used as hereafter described. The
paralell piece of d, which is shewn in the box and passing out at the bottom,
I call the leading pattern. a, a, is a bottom plate bolted to the box, and
into which is fixed two strong wrought-iron studs c, c, so as to hold the
two keys or wedges e, e, which keys, when driven in, are thus made to

page_text: join or secure the ring or hoop f into the inside of plate a. The lower
end of the pattern or compressor d is attached to a hydraulic press, which
I prefer to any other power for this purpose, although other power may
be used, and from either below or above. The flange of the plate a is
made to rest on a good foundation plate, while the box is in an upright posi-
tion, and the pattern or compressor is out at the top of the box, as shewn in
Figure 12, but the faucet piece d, with its gland g, and fixing h, as shewn
in Figures 11 and 12, has hitherto been off; the workman now puts them on,
and then proceeds to put sand slowly and gradually in at the top of the box,
distributing it well and equally in the space i, i, and if the sand is used rather
damp or coarse, it will require to be kept in motion by a rod, so that it may
not stick in its progress to the bottom; thus the space i will be filled up as far
as the top of box. The gland g is then to be opened, and the faucet piece d*
slipped over the piece d, until it goes down far enough to allow of the gland g
being shut upon the conical piece d', and the fixing his then put on, as shewn
in Figure 11. The workmen will then with his hand adjust the sand in the
socket part of box for the reception of the faucet piece d, and the power is
then applied to the compressor d, so that it is forced or moved into the mould,
and in its progress compressing the sand until the upper edge of d² has reached
the upper edge of b, which the workınan is watching, and he then with a
hammer strikes off the fixing h, so that the pattern is left to travel down
through the mould, guided at its entering by the inside of d, which has been
bored out, and at the bottom it is guided by the ring f, which has also been
bored out; the sand is thus compressed and made to form a parallel cylinder
until the mark at p has appeared coming through the ring f at bottom. The
workman is then ready to knock out the keys e, e, and as there are two
recesses in the edge of the ring f, so as to allow it to pass the heads of the
studs c, c, the ring will thus be carried out by the tapered part of the com-
pressor d, and if the workman is inexperienced, the motion of the compressor
may be stopped by shutting off the water from the hydraulic cylinder while
these fastenings are being undone; for, instead of having a separate hand pump.
attached to cach hydraulic cylinder which may be in use, I prefer having one
or two pumps constantly at work convenient to the engine and driven by
it, pipes from this pump being carried underground, or otherwise, to the
parts of the foundry while the hydraulic power is to be applied, so that by
opening a communication above or below the plunger in the hydraulic cylinder,
the required motion is obtained; and on purpose to prevent the ground pipes
being broken by excess of pressure. I have an escape valve at each hydraulic
cylinder, which valve is loaded to the required pressure. The hydraulic cylin-

page_text: ders here used are of the simplest form and known to every engineer. The
pattern & will then continue its progress out of the mould, being now guided
by the plate a. The inward projection in this plate a forms the head of the
pipe casting, and it may be found necessary on some occasions to ram round
the sides of the faucet picco d' at top by a hand rammer. This faucet picce
is now to be removed from the mould, and the bottom plate j is put on in
room of the bottom plate a, the tapered recess in j being for the reception of
the core, and another small recess is in the face of it, and filled with loam, so
as to form the face of head; the mould is then ready for its core and face.
plate, as shewn in Figure 9. Figure 13 shews the pattern d as it is leaving
the moulding box. Figure 14 shews a section of the same mode, but for
forming a flange pipe, the pieces k being fixed permanently for the time to-
the bottom of box b, and the bottom plate a¹ is here substituted for forming
the flange in the same way that a is used in Figure 12 for forming the head
of a faucet pipe, and when the mould is completed, the bottom plate a¹ gives
room to the bottom plate a², as shewn in Figure 15, and is fixed to the box b;
and to form the upper flange of casting, a strong metal flange pattern is made
fast and loose at pleasure to the top of the pattern d, in the same way that the
faucet piece was used; and in moulding flange pipes by this mode, a head
is put upon the moulding box of the same form as is shewn at Figure 7 in.
Sheet 3; and in forming a mould on the method here shewn in Figures 11
and 12, I sometimes prefer, first, making use of a flexible tube made of strong
material, such as that known by the name of vulcanized india-rubber hose
tube, or tube made of buffalo hide strongly put together. Such flexible tube
is enclosed in a collapsed state inside of a ring or tube of sheet steel, or other
strong elastic thin metal, with its edges loose and overlapping each other, as
shewn at Figure 12c. This is then put into the inside of the moulding box
in the same way as I have shown the leading pattern & at Figure 12 (or
pattern before described). The sand is then put into the box gradually and
slowly, as before described, until it fills the whole space between the inside of
the box and the steel tube. The end of flexible tube is connected to the
pump pipe, and the force pump is thus employed in forcing the water into
and so expanding the flexible tube, and which will thus press out the steel
tube in all directions upon the sand around it, as shewn in Figure 12³, 12.
The tube is then to be colapsed and withdrawn as 12°, and the compressor d
may be passed down through the mould, as before described. Figure 20
shews a vertical section of a metal core bar, the surface 6 of which is full
of holes, and roughed or fluted (as shewn in cross section Figure 23 and
clevation Figure 24), which holes, fluting, or roughing are for the purpose of

page_text: the better holding the loam or sand, cand also to facilitate the drying; it is
standing in a collapsed-state on its plate' a, it having been collapsed by a slight
strain of the crane, or other power having been applied to the shackle c, which is
jointed to the vertical bar d, and the radiating bars e, which radiating bars are
jointed to two ribs or parts of the core barf and g. The core bar is shewn in four
pieces, and may be made in more or less, and jointed together, as shewn in the
collapsed plan, Figure 21, the bolts h; h, being there withdrawn from two of the
radiating bars so as to allow of the collapse, and which will allow of the
collapse as far as the contraction of the casting requires it; but when the
casting is to be separated from the bar, it will be necessary for the workman
to use the crowbar as a lever applied between the inside of the casting and
the core bar, or between tho'core 'bar and the side of the moulding box and
to prepare a core with this 'core bar, the workmen will-proceed to strikė
the end of the vertical bar'd with a wooden mallet, or 'other' force, until
the several parts of core bar fill tlie 'recess c in plate a, and the iron hoop i
at top, which iron hoop i has been put on to its place while the core bar
was yet collapsed. The pins 'h, h, can now be put in through both the top
radiating bars, and the core bar will be kept expanded (as shewn in Figure 22);
and if the core bar is to be coated with loam, the workmen will then
proceed to plaster the loam upon the surface, and sweep it up with a core
board-in the ordinary way, by the core board being attached to an arm at the
top revolving from the centre of the core bär, and the bottom of the core board
will be guided by the bottom ring at the part a', which has been made true for
that purpose. The board at the same time is made to sweep up the surface j
of plate a to-the form (shewn at 'Figure 22). Underneath the 'centre hole. in
plate a I place a small fire, which has now been lit, and a sheet-iron cover is
put over the top of core bar, so that it is dried where it has been formed,
instead of being conveyed to 'a' stove, and tlie heat which is given out by the
fire will pass through the holes and body of core bar; communicating its effect
to the loam or sand in contact. Figure 22 shews the one side of a core thus
formed, b being the section of outer circumference, and 'c the loam or sand.
And I have also here shewn the section of a pipe casting d. e is the sand
which formed the outer mould, and f the moulding box standing on the plate a,
and fixed to it, the surface of which plate a has been coated with loam, 'as I
have just described. The top of this Figure shews the section of
end of casting, and the face plate g, and the basin coated with loam.
at bottom, shews the section of a core bar for forming a flange pipe.
the spigot
Figure 7,
It is the
same bar as has been used in Figure 22, but the part k (in Figure 22), which
was of, loose plates, has been removed.

page_text: Another form of core bar I have shewn at the cross section, !Figure 25,
Sheet:1,' the external part of which is hinged or jointed in four pieces, and it
may be made in more or less. The piece d is at wedge with about four inches
of taper on its length, the narrow part being down, and b is sánd rammed 'hard
into the space between the edge of the partra and bottom of recess c; and to
collapse this core bar the wedge piece a is withdrawn by means of a crane
being applied to the shackle d, and the piece 'c is tlien moved by 'the workman
towards the part which a has occupied, and the core bar is thus-left free to
collapse with the contraction of the casting; and may be further collapsed, 'as
before described. The piece c'has six projecting snugs, three on each side' of
its length, as shewn bye, e; and to expand this bar the workman will proceed
to remove from its surface all the loose sand' or loam, and will then assist the
core bar outwards with crowbars, and also assist the piece c'into its place, or
as near as he can by such' means. The wedge picce a is then lowered into its
place, and the space is then hard rammed up with sand so as to complete the
expansion of the core bar and retain it in that state until its 'collapse is required
for the contraction of the casting, which' is effected as I have before described.
In other respects this core bar is the same as before mentioned.
"
b
Figure 23 is a 'cross section of another form of a' collapsing core bar which
has been formed of moulding sands instead of loam, tlie particulars of which,
and the mode of coating; shall afterwards be described. The outer circum
ference of this bar a is shewn in four pieces, 'and may be made in more or less!
The surface is fluted or made rough, for reasons before mentioned,' and in all
cases will be full of air holes. The pieces a; a, are made to collapse by the
pins e being-withdrawn, and a slight strain of the crane being applied to the
shackle b, and which acts in the same way as in collapsing Figure 20, the
vertical barfe 'pulling up the radiating bars d; d, and which brings inwards the
parts a, a A part elevation of this same core bar I have shewn at Figure 24;
standing on its plate a, with its iron hoop b at top.
Figure 26 is a plan of another form of collapsing core bar without joints or
hinges, a being its outer circumference, which is full of holes, roughed or
fluted, for the same reasons as Figure 23. This outer circumference is shewn
in eight segments, and may be made in more or less. 6 is a pipe or centre
bar in one piece, and the pieces c are short wedges which are driven in at the
top of the bar, between the parts a and b, until parts a have been expanded so
as to fill an iron. hoop at top (as shewn by i at Figure 22), and the bottom
part of pieces a are also made, by similar short wedges, to fill an iron hoop at
bottom, or a bottom plate may be used with a recess in it (as at a in

page_text: Figure 22). The surface of the bar is then to be coated with loam by a core
board, or coated with sands in a vertical core box, as will be afterwards
described. And to collapse this bar when the contraction of the casting is
coming on, the short wedges c, at top of bar, are slacked with a hammer and
removed, and a slight strain of the crane on the centre piece b will relieve it of
the wedges at the bottom, and thus allow of collapse.
Figure 10³ is a cross section of another form of a collapsing core bar. a, a, is
the outer circumference, in two pieces, and may be made in more or less. Its
surface is roughed, and with holes, as the others; 6 is a centre piece or wedge
with a.considerable taper on its length, so that it may be the more easily
withdrawn for collapse, or put in for expansion. The two pieces a, a, are
connected on the face of bar by two or three short chains or links a, b, a, and
which are fixed to studs rivetted into the parts a, a. These chains and studs
project about one quarter of an inch or so above the surface of bar, so that
there may be sufficient coating of loan or sand over all the parts; and to
allow of this the chains and studs are in grooves or recesses in face of bar.
The connection with the chains and studs is shewn in elevation, Figure 10',
parts of the loam or sand being there broken out as at d, d, to shew them.
The joint c is also connected with similar short chains or links. This bar has
also an iron hoop e at top and fat bottom. The piece 6 has a shackle on the
top of it (as in Figure 25), and for the same purpose; the bevelled ring fat
bottom is also for the purpose of forming a rest for the core when put into
the mould.
Figure 27 is a view of another core bar and section of core.
a is a square
or cornered bar of iron, having been twisted until its corners assume a spiral
form. This form is for the purpose of making the sand the better to adhere,
and also that the core may, be the more readily crushed and left free for
the contraction of the casting by being repeatedly struck on the ends. This
bar is of a strong and suitable form. In its surface I cut two or more
grooves the whole of its length, into which I put pieces of steel rods, and
which remain till the core is completed. They are then drawn out, which
leaves holes for the air to escape. When the pipe is being cast on the
bottom of core bar, I put a small bevelled collar so as to form a rest for
the core in the mould. This core has been formed in a metal core box, in a
horizontal position, and of moulding sands; and to coat the other core bars
with moulding sands, I employ a vertical metal core box, as shewn in the
vertical section, Figures 24 and 25. A cross section of Figure 24, at the
red line a, b, is shown at Figure 23. The core box is there shown in three

page_text: pieces, and may be made in more or less; and to form a core on this plan the
core bar is put into the recess in plate a, as at Figure 24, and the lower part
of core box c is made to rest on the loam face of the plate, and sand is slowly
and gradually put into the space d, ramming hard up each thin course as far
as the red line c*. The wrought-iron ring e is then put on, and the ramming
continued to its upper surface; the upper parts of the core box f are then put
on, and joined by the wrought-iron hoops j by the bolts g, h, i, as shewn in
Plan 23. The parts of core box are there shewn to join at the red
lines e, f, d, and the wrought-iron hoops j are shewn to join at the red
lines a, b, c. The ends of the wrought-iron. hoops are thus made to overlap
the joints in f, and the parts which thus overlap connect the parts of the core
box, as shewn; these hoops j, except at the overlaps, are. firmly rivited to the
parts of core box. The ramming of the sand is then continued up to the
top of core box; the core is then complete, and the core box will be removed.
A very small amount of drying will suffice for cores made in this way.
Figure 25ª shews a vertical section of a core bar, with its faucet up, and to
make which in a metal core box the workman. will proceed to place the core
bar and box on the bottom plate, as in Figure 24, and ram up the sands in
the same way to the red line 6*, during which time the head piece of the
core bar d has not been in its place. The workman will then proceed to
smooth off the sand to the red line b*, and put on parting sand, and the head
piece d of the core bar is then put on to its place, being guided by six or
eight small snugs, represented by the space e; these snugs are made to fit the
outer face of the wrought-iron hoop f; the sand is then continued to be
rammed up to the top of c, and the core box removed as before. But before:
this core can be put into its mould, the head piece must be lifted off, and which
will now part at the red line 6*, assisted by the parting sand, and after the
outer mould has received the core, the head piece d is then lowered on to its
place, and which is guided by the snugs or strips e, and between these snugs
or strips the sand spaces e are then rammed up with sand from the inside of
the core, so as to prevent any metal from the casting coming up into the core:
bar by the joint at the red line 6*. All the other core bars shewn in these
Drawings may be used in the same way; but when the cores are not large, I
prefer making the core box in two pieces only, as shewn at the cross section,
Figure 10%, the ramming of the sand being the same as before described.
The upper part of the metal core bar, marked d, Figure 25%; may be put
together by either of the plans I have shewn, or may have one or more
removing pieces, rendering it collapsing, as in the plan of collapsing pattern,
Figure 26.

page_text: 'Figure 10 is part of a vertical section of Figure 10°, and Figure 10ª is a
section of face ring which is put on the faucet' part of core, when the mould
has been completed, and which ring forms the face of socket of casting in the
same way as g forms the face of bead in Figure 22.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the "iñanner in
which the sanie is to be performed, 'I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details herein described so long as the peculiar character
of any part of my Invention'be retained; but what I claim is,
**First; the means of constructing and working metal patterns" described in
respect to Figures 1; 2; 3, and '4 and '6.
'
Secondly, I claim the manufacture of moulds by separating the sumie into
parts by cutting, in order to get out the interior pattern, as described in respect
to Figures 8 and 9:
....
Thirdly, I claim the manufacture of moulds for cylinders and other castings;
by causing the pattern, when consisting of a conical or taper form preceding
a pattern with parallel' sides; 'to be forced or 'moved through "the sand
which is to form the mould, as described with reférence to Figures 11, 12, 13,
14, and 15. And I also claim the application of hydraulic pressure for forcing
or moving patterns through or into the sand when inaking moulds:
Fourthly, I claim the making of patterns of flexible imaterial in such manner
ás to be expanded as described in respect to Figures 12ª, 12, and 12% -
Fifthly, I claim the manufacture of metal core bars, with the parts hinged
or jointed together, and thus rendered collapsing on a part or parts being
moved inwards towards the centre or interior of the core bar, as described by:
reference to Figures 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, & 7 and also Figures' 24 and 25ª, 10*;
10, 10.
. 1.
ii.
'Sixthly, I claim the mode of constructing core bars, described in respect to
Figure 26, whereby the core bars are rendered collapsing by the withdrawal of
wedges between internal and external picces.
Seventhly, I claim the mode of constructing core bars, described in respect
to Figure 27.
And I also claim the making of said cores by ramining vertically into core
boxes around collapsing core bars, as described in respect to Figure 23.
.
"In witness whereof, I, the said William Gilmour Wilson, have hereunto.
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our
: Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
WM G. WILSON. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirtieth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, the
aforesaid William Gilmour Wilson came before our said Lady the Queen in
Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and all and
every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Thirtieth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.