IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dodgeon, of Burnley, in the County of
Lancaster, Commission Agent, John Gaukroger, of Hebden Bridge, in
the County of York, and William Shackleton, of Todmorden, in the
County of Lancaster, Spinners and Manufacturers, for the Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dodgeon, John
Gaukroger, and William Shackleton at the Office of the Commissioners.
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd February 1865.
We, JOHN DODGEON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Commission
Agent, JOHN GAUKROGER, of Hebden Bridge, in the County of York, and
WILLIAM SHACKLETON, of Todmorden, in the County of Lancaster, Spinners
and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the letting-off motion in looms for weaving, and
the improvements consist in arranging and applying parts or apparatus in
combination with ordinary friction chains, straps, or cords, levers and weights
to the warp beams, in such manner that as the quantity of yarn or warp on
the beam is diminished the pressure thereon becomes less in the same ratio or
proportion; thus the letting-off motion is rendered self-adjusting. This is

page_text: effected by applying a shaft under the warp beam, to which is attached a lever
with a friction roller thereon to bear against the surface of the warp. On
this shaft are also two other levers, bosses, or quadrants, to which the ordinary
friction chains, belts, or cords are attached. A stud is fixed to each end
frame of the loom, on which are hinged levers connected to the chains, belts,
or cords, and to these levers are also attached the ordinary weighted levers.;
or instead of the levers dead weights may be applied, if desirable.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Dodgeon, John Gaukroger, and William Shackleton,
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd August 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
DODGEON, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Commission Agent, JOHN
GAUKROGER, of Hebden Bridge, in the County of York, and WILLIAM
SHACKLETON, of Todmorden, in the County of Lancaster, Spinners and Manu-
facturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Dodgeon, John Gaukroger, and William Sbackleton, Her
special licence that we, the said John Dodgeon, John Gaukroger, and William
Shackleton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said John Dodgeon, John Gaukroger, and William Shackleton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition, (amongst others) that our, the said John
Dodgeon, John Gaukroger, and William Shackleton, our executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Dodgeon, John Gaukroger, and
William Shackleton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Sheet of
Drawings (that is to say):
.:
This Invention relates to the letting-off motion in looms for weaving, and
the improvements consist in arranging and applying parts or apparatus in
combination with ordinary friction chains, straps or cords, levers or weights to
the warp beam, in such manner that as the quantity of yarn or warp on the
beam is diminished the pressure thereon becomes less in the same ratio or
proportion, thus the letting-off motion is rendered self-adjusting. This is
effected by applying a shaft under the warp beam, to which is attached a
lever with a friction roller thereon to bear against the surface of the warp.
On this shaft are also two other levers, bosses, or quadrants, to which the
ordinary friction chains, belts, or cords are attached. A stud is fixed to each
end frame of the loom, on which are hinged levers connected to the chains,
belts, or cords, and to these levers are also attached the ordinary weighted
levers; or instead of the levers dead weights may be applied if desirable.
This Invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, aided by the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is part of an end elevation of an ordinary loom, and Fig. 2 is a
back elevation of the same with our improvements applied thereto. A is the
warp beam with friction hoops B and friction chains C, with levers and weights
D to each end as usual; but instead of the friction chains being attached by
one end to the loom frame and the other to the lever as heretofore, we
employ a shaft E under the warp beam, supported in bearings F fixed to the
framing of the loom, on which shaft are fixed two levers G carrying a friction
roller H. On each end of this shaft is also fixed a lever I, to which the
friction chains are attached by screwed hooks J and plates J¹ hinged on the
levers. A stud K is also fixed to each loom end, on which is hinged a lever L
having a suitable boss for the chains to be fixed to and to wind on. To these
levers are attached by rods M the ordinary weighted levers D, or dead weights
may be applied instead of the levers.
Having described the parts illustrating our improvements (and also those
parts of a loom immediately in connection therewith), we will now describe
the mode of action thereof. It will be observed that the beam is shewn full
of warp and the roller H is in contact with the surface thereof, and the
chains C are connected to the levers I, which, after passing around the hoops
of the beam two or three times are attached to the levers L, which are by the

page_text: rods M connected to the ordinary weighted levers, whereby pressure will be
communicated through the levers G to the roller H, and applied against the
surface of the warp according to the amount of leverage and weight pressing
thereon, and thus acting as a break for producing a retarding influence on the
rotation of the beam in addition to the ordinary friction chains. It will also
be seen that as the diameter of the warp on the beam becomes less (the
roller H following to the surface thereof by pressure) the levers I will be
lifted, allowing the levers L to be lowered, which will thereby lose leverage, as
will be readily understood by reference to the diagram at Fig. 3, which shews
the lever L on a larger scale in the horizontal position in which it is placed
when the beam is full of warp, and the dotted lines shew the almost vertical
position of the lever L when the beam is nearly empty, and the vertical
dotted lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, intersecting the curve line (denoting the course
of the centre of the stud pin of the rod M) will indicate the loss of leverage
at each point. The several parts are so constructed as to be capable of being
regulated and set according to circumstances, whereby the letting-off motion
is rendered self-adjusting as to tension on the warp, whatever amount of warp
is on the beam..
In witness whereof, I, the said John Dodgeon, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Gaukroger and William Shackleton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of August, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five..
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Dodgeon in
the presence of
W¹. TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.
JOHN DODGEON. (L.S.)