IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS HAVING REFERENCE
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Joseph William Parnacott, Engineer, of
Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS HAVING REFERENCE TO
Scaled the 18th February 1873, and dated the 6th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Joseph William
Parnacott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis
Petition, on the 6th November 1872.
I, EDWARD JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, Engineer, of Leeds, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS HAVING
REFERENCE TO THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce an artificial fuel as a sub-
stitute for coal, which may be used for domestic, manufacturing, or
other purposes to which coal is applied.

page_text: The quality of the artificial fuel is varied in accordance with the
purpose for which it is required, and is as hereafter described.
According to one mode I take clay or road mud, fine riddlings, or
small coal, or the dust of coke, also shale, peat, and sawdust. After
these are properly agglomerated I add dissolved caoutchouc (for this
purpose I prefer waste pieces), which may be vulcanized or otherwise
dissolved; waste gutta percha may also be used. This dissolved
caoutchouc or gutta percha being added the whole are thoroughly mixed
together in a pug mill and afterwards pressed into suitable forms in a
brick machine of ordinary construction. After this operation the forms
are laid out to dry, and are then ready for use. I reduce the caoutchouc
into a fluid state by the action of spirits, such as petroleum, benzine,
naphtha, or their equivalents, to which I add bisulphate of carbon and
sulphuric acid. I place the caoutchouc or gutta percha in a tank
containing the required amount of spirit and bisulphate of carbon and
sulphuric acid; the tank is then covered up and made air tight, and
remains in that state until the caoutchouc is dissolved.
'
Another mode or combination is as follows, and is particularly appli-
cable as a fuel to be employed in the manufacture of iron-I take peat
and saw dust in combination, and place them in a pug mill of ordinary
construction, and mix them until they are thoroughly agglomerated; to
these is added a quantity of dissolved caoutchouc, until the mass arrives
at the proper consistency. The whole being thoroughly mixed together
in a pug mill it is taken and pressed into suitable forms by a brick-
making machine of ordinary construction, and afterwards dried. When
required a little water may be employed in this mixture to assist in
agglomeration.
In the pressing operation a. quantity of the liquid is forced out of the
material and conducted into a receiver, from which it is taken and used
again. To make a superior fuel for household purposes, I use peat or
turf in combination with slack or small coal; these are placed in a pug
mill, and to them is added a quantity of dissolved or powdered caout-
chouc or gutta percha, until the mass attains the proper consistency.
When the constituents parts are thoroughly agglomerated it is taken and
pressed and dried as before described.
To improve the quality of this fuel still more after being thoroughly
dried I place the forms in a box or tank, and throw over them in
the form of spay a quantity of liquid caoutchouc or gutta percha.

page_text: I also employ the liquid separately, to which may be added a small
quantity of finely ground peat or sawdust, and inject it in the form of
spray into boiler or other furnaces. A thin sheet iron plate may be
placed in the position of the ordinary grate bars previous to using the
fluid fuel. The plate is made red hot by any suitable known means.
After being heated the liquid caoutchouc is injected on to it in the form
of spray, which immediately ignites and keeps up a continous flame
without any other heat being applied to the plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th May 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
JOSEPH WILLIAM PARNACOTT, Engineer, of Leeds, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, Her
special licence that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL, PART OF WHICH IM-
PROVEMENTS HAVING REFERENCE TO THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott, my executors or administra-
tors, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
..Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :——
The object of my Invention is to produce an artificial fuel as a sub-
stitute for coal, which may be used for domestic, manufacturing, or
other purposes to which coal is applied.
The quality of the artificial fuel is varied in accordance with the
purposes for which it is required, and is as hereafter described.
According to one mode I take clay or road mud, fine riddlings of
small coal, or the dust of coke (shale when convenient), peat, and saw
dust, and a little salt, also dissolved caoutchouc or gutta percha, all in or
about the following proportions :-Clay, 7 cwt.; road mud, 2 cwt.;
smudge, fine riddlings of small coal or dust of coke, 8 cwt.; peat, 8 or
10 lbs.; sawdust, wood turnings, or shavings, 50 or 60 lbs. ; chloride of
sodium or common salt, about 6 lbs. After these have been properly
agglomerated, I add dissolved caoutchouc to the extent of about 2 lbs.
(for this purpose I prefer waste pieces), which may be vulcanized or
otherwise dissolved; waste gutta percha may also be used. This dissolved
caoutchouc or gutta percha being added the whole are thoroughly mixed
together in a pug mill, and afterwards pressed into suitable forms in a
brick machine of ordinary construction. After this operation, the forms
are laid out to dry, and when dry are ready for use. I reduce the
caoutchouc or gutta percha into a fluid state by the action of spirits,
such as petroleum, benzine, naphtha, or their equivalents, to which I
add bisulphate of carbon and sulphuric acid, so as to perfectly dissolve
it. I place the caoutchouc or gutta percha in a tank containing the
required amount of spirit, bisulphate of carbon, and sulphuric acid; the
tank is then covered up, made air tight, and remains in that state until
the caoutchouc is dissolved.
Another mode or combination is as follows, and is particularly appli-
cable as a fuel to be employed in the manufacture of iron :-I take peat
and sawdust in combination, place them in a pug mill of ordinary
construction, and mix them until they are thoroughly agglomerated; to

page_text: these is added a quantity of dissolved caoutchouc or gutta percha, until
the mass arrives at a proper consistency. The following are about the
proportions-Peat, one part; sawdust, two parts; dissolved caoutchouc
or gutta percha, about 2 lbs. per ton of the above mixture. The whole
being thoroughly mixed together in a pug mill, it is afterwards taken
and pressed into suitable forms by a brick-making machine, and after-
wards dried. When required a little water or what is known as a tar
water may be employed in this to assist in agglomeration.
In the pressing operation a quantity of the liquid is forced out of the
material, which I conduct into a tank or receiver by any suitable known
means, from which it is taken and used again. To make a superior fuel
for household purposes, I use peat or turf in combination with slack,
small coal, or cinders, with the admixture of a quantity of clay and
chloride of sodium, and dissolved or powdered caoutchouc or gutta
percha. The following are about the proportions :-Peat, 8 lbs.; slack,
small coal, or cinders, 8 cwt.; clay, 8 cwt. These are all placed in a pug
mill, and to them are added about 4 lbs. of dissolved or powdered caout-
chouc or gutta percha. The whole being thoroughly agglomerated it is
taken and pressed and dried as before described.
To improve the quality of the fuel still more after being dried, I place
the forms in a box or tank, and throw over them in the form of spray a
quantity of liquid caoutchouc or gutta percha. I also employ the liquid
separately, to which may be added a small quantity of finely ground peat
or sawdust, and inject it in the form of spray into boiler or other furnaces.
A thin sheet iron plate may be placed in the position of the ordinary
grate bars previous to using the fluid fuel. The plate is made red hot
by any suitable known means. After being heated the liquid caoutchouc
is injected on to it in the form of spray, which immediately ignites and
keeps up a continuous flame without any other heat being applied to the
plate.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same may be performed, I would observe that I do not confine
myself to the exact quantities of the ingredients, as the same may be
varied or modified without departing in any way from my Invention. I
would also remark that I am fully aware that most of these ingredients
have been previously employed in the manufacture of artificial fuels;
but what I claim and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent is,―

page_text: Firstly. The employment of caoutchouc or gutta percha separately or
in combination with the other ingredients herein expressed and shewn
substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
Secondly. The combination of the various ingredients herein named
substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Joseph William Parnacott,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
year
E. J. W. PARNACOTT. (L.S.)