A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Moseley, of Olveston, in the County of
Gloucester, Clerk, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE
Sealed the 17th November 1865, and dated the 29th May 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Moseley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1865.
I, HENRY MOSELEY, of, Olveston, in the County of Gloucester, Clerk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
It consists principally of two cylinders having the same axis, one of which
is contained within the other.
Fig. I. represents a section of the machine longitudinally as it regards
the axis or made by a plane in which the geometrical axis m, n, lies, and
Fig. II. represents a section perpendicular to the axis.
In these sections the fixed parts are shown by the blue tint, and the move-
able parts by the red and yellow tints, but in certain cases all the parts shewn.
in the Figures revolve, and then the blue tints indicate parts which revolve in
one direction, and the red and yellow indicate parts that revolve in the opposite,
direction.
A, A, Figs. I. and II. are sections of the larger cylinder and B, B, of the
less. The section of the less or inner cylinder is shewn by the blue tint and

page_text: that of the larger or outer cylinder by the red (except as it regards the parts
P, Q, which are wheels). The less cylinder is of the same length externally
measured parallel to the axis with the hollow cylinder internally, so that the
external face b, a, of the end of the lesser cylinder, Fig. I., coincides and fits
upon the internal face of the greater. The spaces A, C, B, B, Fig. II., are
cast hollow for lightness; X, X, Figs. I., II., represent the axle of the
machine, which is hollow, but is divided in the middle by a partition or
diaphragm Y. The lesser cylinder B, B, is fixed on the axle X, X, and the
outer cylinder A, A, turns round it on the bearings D, D. There is an
aperture Z, Fig. I., in the side of the hollow axis X, X, communicating with
a passage Z, Z, Fig. II., in the lesser cylinder which leads into the hollow
space B, C. By this passage the steam or other fluid is admitted to the
machine. On the other side of the partition Y, Fig. I., and in that side of
the hollow axle X, X, which may be supposed to have been removed to shew
the aperture Z, there is another aperture and another corresponding passage
through the solid cylinder into the hollow space A, B. This second passage
is marked by dotted lines at. S, S, Fig. II. The steam or other. fluid which
has entered the machine by the extremity m of the hollow axle, Fig. I., and
the
I passage Z, Z, Fig. II., leaves it by the passage S, Fig. II., and by the
opposite extremity n of the hollow axle, Fig. I. E, E, Fig. II., is a partition
which slides in a corresponding aperture or slot of the inner cylinder, and which
remains at rest when that cylinder is at rest, or is moveable with it. A spring
fixed in the hollow space s keeps this partition pressed up against the inner
surface C, C, of the outer cylinder. F. and G, Fig. II., represent partitions
which slide backwards and forwards into slots or grooves in the sides of the
outer cylinder. All the partitions are of the same length measured parallel
to the axis as the greater cylinder measured in the same direction internally,
so that when the partition F is pressed forwards as shewn in Fig. II., into
contact with the surface of the inner cylinder the space between it and E, E,
is wholly closed except as it regards the passage Z, Z. When by the revo-
lution of A, A, either partition or slide F or G comes into the position
marked H, Fig. II., it is pressed into close contact with the surface of the
cylinder B, B, and remains in contact with it until it reaches the position K
when it begins to be withdrawn and is wholly withdrawn when it reaches
the position L before it comes opposite to the partition E, E, round the end
of which it passes and then begins to be thrust forwards again so as to come
into contact with B, B, when it again reaches H. When the partition G was
at K the partition F must have been at H, so that before G began to be
withdrawn the space between E and F was closed. In the case in which the

page_text: machine is driven by the pressure of steam or of any other fluid, the pressure of
that fluid against the partition or slide F will communicate motion to the cylinder
A, A, about the axle X, X, until that partition passes the position K, when the
steam or other fluid will begin to escape through the aperture or passage S, S.
into the chamber n, Y, Fig. I. of the hollow axis. But before this escape of
the fluid begins the partition G, Fig. II., will have come into the position I
and will have been pressed up against the surface of B, B, and thus F and G
will alternately receive the pressure of the fluid, and will continue the motion
of the cylinder A, A, in the same direction round the axle X, X. Instead of
the cylinder B, B, being fixed, and A, A, moveable, A, A, may be fixed and
B, B, moveable, or both cylinders may be moveable. In the last case tho
cylinders will be made to move in opposite directions by the opposite pressures
upon E and F. By the last arrangement the machine is capable of being
made to receive the action of twice the amount of motive power and so of
yielding twice the work. The opposite (motions of the cylinder A, A, and
the axis may be made to unite in communicating a motion in the same
direction to a parallel shaft by passing a band round the outer surface of A, A,
and round a drum upon the shaft, and by passing another crossed band round
a drum upon a prolongation of the axle X, X, and round a second drum upon
the shaft. To reverse the motion of the machine it is only necessary to admit
the steam or other fluid, by the pressure of which it is driven through the opposite
end of the axle X, X. In the case in which the machine instead of being
driven by the pressure of a fluid is used as a means of displacing that fluid,
either the cylinder A, A, or the cylinder B, 13, or both of them must be
driven round by some external power. The hollow axle X, X, being then
made to communicate by its extremity m with the fluid to be displaced, that
fluid will be made to enter the hollow axis in the direction m, Y, and to pass
through the channel Z, Fig. II., into the space between F and F, where
otherwise there would be a vacuum. It will be discharged through the
channels S, Fig. II., and the hollow chamber n, Y, and if it be an elastic
fluid may be condensed into a receiver, or if it be a liquid may be lifted to
any higher level through that channel by the action of the machine. The
machine may be used as a ineter by adapting it to any mechanical expedient
for registering the number of its revolutions or parts of a revolution. As the
same quantity of fluid must if it be incompressible pass through it at each
revolution (or if it be compressible provided the resistance to its revolution be
always the same), it is evident that if the quantity which passes through at
one revolution be first ascertained the quantity which must have passed
through when any number of revolutions has been registered will be known!

page_text: It is obvious that the space between the partitions E and F, Fig. II., which
space contains the steam or other fluid by which the machine is driven or
which it displaces or measures must be separated from the rest of the cylin-
drical space F, C, K, L, in such a way that no portion of the contained fluid
may be able to pass from the one space into the other. The points where
this communication is possible are, 1st., the ends e, and Fig. II. of the par-
titions F and G; 2ndly, the sides or edges by which the partition E is in
contact with the internal faces b, d, (Fig. I.) of the two ends of the greater
cylinder; 3rdly, the surface b, a, by which the same internal faces of the ends
of the greater cylinder are in contact with the ends of the lesser cylinder.
1st., to secure a constant contact of the end e of the partition E with the
inner surface of A, A, it has been before explained that a spring is fixed in
the spaces which constantly keeps the end f of the sliding partition pressed
upwards; F is kept closely in contact with the surface of B, B, from the
position H to the position K by an expedient, to explain which it is necessary
first to shew how the sliding partitions F and G are moved backwards and
forwards. In Fig. I. the parts tinted yellow represent the sliding partitions
F and G, the section being made through the plane in which they slide.
Their edges d, k, have projections which fit into grooves in the inner faces or
ends b, d, of the greater cylinder. The partitions are connected by the
pieces k, g, with the sliding pieces shewn in section by g, h, working in
grooves in the external faces of the ends of the outer cylinder. To allow the
play backwards and forwards of the pieces k, g, there is a corresponding slot
in those ends. The slides shewn in section by g, h, Fig. I., are of considerable
width; each of them has a second slide working in it, represented in section
by i, l, which is pressed up against the end i by a spring contained in the
space h, . In each of these second slides is fixed an axle o, p, and on each
of the axles o, p, there turn two wheels P and Q, whose edges act against two
cams represented in section by M and N, Fig. I., and in plan by the same
letters in Fig. II. The edge of the cam M is concave in plan, that of the
cam N is convex. The cams are not situated in the same plane as shewn in
Fig. III., but in different planes, as shewn in Fig. I. The wheel P acts on
the concave cam and Q on the convex. When the larger cylinder revolves
these wheels roll on the edges of the cams and carry with them their axles
p, c, the slides g, h, and the sliding partitions b, d; the forms of the cams are
such as to give the requisite motions to the sliding partitions. In order to
bring about a spring packing of the ends of the partitions against the surface
b, b, of the inner cylinder the surface P of the concave cam M is brought a
little nearer to the axle of the machine than is necessary to carry the partition

page_text: home; the spring 1, h, is thus made to yield and the required spring packing
is attained. The cams are fixed to the solid frame which supports the
machine. The manner in which the machine is constructed so as to work by
the rotation of the inner cylinder and the axle whilst the outer cylinder
remains fixed is shewn in Figs. IV. and V., where the parts tinted dark blue
are fixed and those tinted light blue revolve. The partitions E and F slide in
this case backwards and forwards into the internal cylinder and are moved by
wheels rolling on the revolving cams in the same way as in the other case
they were moved by revolving wheels which rolled on fixed cams. The spring
packing is effected in the same way in the two cases. The fixed partition D
rests in this case in a slot of the outer or fixed cylinder, and is as in the other
case pressed forward by a spring. The steam or other fluid enters the machine
by an aperture S in the outer cylinder and leaves it by a similar aperture T..
The particular expedient by which the partitions are moved backwards and
forwards is not shewn in Fig. V., it being the same "mutatis mutandis" as
that shown in Fig. I.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Moseley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th November 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
MOSELEY, of Olveston, in the County of Gloucester, Clerk, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Moseley, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Moseley, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Moseley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Henry Moseley, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Moseley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
It consists principally of two cylinders having the same axis, one of which
cylinders is contained within the other, and is of less diameter than it, so as
to leave a hollow space between the two.
In one mode of applying the machine the outer cylinder is moveable, and
in another it is fixed.
The Drawings on Sheets I. and II. represent sections of the machine
(longitudinally and transversely as it regards the axis) when applied according
to the first of these two modes, and those on Sheet V. represent the same as
it regards the second mode of application of the machine.
In these Drawings the fixed parts are shewn by the blue tint, and the
moveable parts by the red and yellow tints. But in certain cases all the
parts shewn in I. and II. revolve, and then the blue tints represent parts
which revolve in one direction, and the red and yellow represent parts that
revolve in the opposite direction.
In all the Drawings A, A, represent sections of the larger cylinder, and
B, B, of the less.
The machine in its first-mentioned form has an outer case represented by
R, R, Sheet I. This case is not a necessary part of it. The less or inner
cylinder is of the same length measured externally (parallel to the axis)
with the greater or outer cylinder measured internally, but it is of less
diameter, so that the external face b, a, Sheet I., of the end of the lesser or
inner cylinder coincides with and fits upon the internal face D, 6, of the
greater; but there is an empty space B, C, between the convex surface of the
less cylinder and the concave or inner surface of the greater. The spaces
A, A; A, B, B, Sheet II., are cast hollow for lightness. The axle of the
machine is represented by X, X, Sheet I. It is hollow, and is divided in the
middle by a partition or diaphragm Y, Sheet I. The inner cylinder B, B,
Sheet I., is fixed on the axle X, X, and the outer cylinder A, A, turns round
it on the bearings D, D. There is an aperture Z, Sheet I., in the side of the
hollow axle X, X, communicating with a passage Z, Z, Sheet II., in the
inner cylinder, which leads into the hollow space B, C, Sheet I., or C, C,
Sheet II., between the two cylinders. By this passage the steam or

page_text: other fluid is admitted to the machine through the hollow axle m, X. On
the other side of the partition Y, Sheet I., and in that side of the hollow axle
X, X, which may be supposed to have been removed to shew the aperture Z,
there is another aperture S and another corresponding passage S, S, Sheet II.
The steam or other fluid which has entered the machine by the aperture Z,
Sheet I., and the corresponding passage Z, Z, Sheet II., leaves it by the
passage S, S, Sheet II. and the aperture S, Sheet I. It thus passes in and
out through opposite extremities m and n, Sheet I. of the hollow axle. There
is a partition E, Sheet II., which extends longitudinally (or parallel to the
axis) along the whole hollow space between the two cylinders. This partition
is let into a recess or slot of the inner cylinder, and is kept pressed up against
the concave surface of the outer cylinder by means of a spring fixed in the
space between it and the bottom g of the slot. The partition E is fixed when
the inner cylinder is fixed, and when it revolves it revolves with it. There
are two other partitions F and G, Sheet II., which are made to slide back-
wards and forwards, into and out of corresponding recesses in slots of the
outer cylinder. Either of these slides when pushed forwards divides the
hollow space between the two cylinders into two equal parts along its whole
length. When the partition F, Sheet II., has been brought into contact
with the inner cylinder, the space F, C, H, E, between it and the partition E
wholly closed except as it regards the passage Z, Z. The pressure upon
the partition or slide F of the steam contained in this space and entering by
the passage Z, Z, drives that partition before it, and with it the outer
cylinder. The partition F, Sheet II., is kept pressed down upon the inner
cylinder by a contrivance, afterwards to be explained, until it reaches tho
point K, when it comes to that point the slide begins to be withdrawn.
The enclosed steam then escapes from the machine through the passage S, S,
and the end Y, n, Sheet I. of the hollow axle. But before the slide F
reaches the point K the slide G has been (by the contrivance above referred
to) pressed forwards into contact with the inner cylinder at H, and has
received the pressure of the steam as F before had done when in the same
position; and thus the rotation of the outer cylinder is kept up by the
thrusting forwards and the withdrawal of the slides F and G alternately, and
the pressure of the steam first on one and then on the other of them.
The following is the contrivance by which the sliding partitions F and G
are thrust forward and withdrawn :-The sliding partitions or valves and the
parts connected with them are represented in Sheet I. by the parts tinted
yellow. The section of the macbine there shewn being supposed to be made
parallel to the plane in which they.slide; their edges d, k, have projections

page_text: which fit into grooves in the inner faces of the ends of the outer cylinder.
The partitions are shewn in Sheet II., Fig. 3, where m, m, are the pro-
jections, and the grooves are shewn at d, Sheet II., Fig. 4. The sliding
partitions are connected by the pieces k, g, Sheet I., with sliding pieces
shewn in section by i, g, h, Sheet I., and in plan by b, a, a, b, Sheet III.,
working in recesses or grooves sunk for that purpose in the external faces of
the ends of the outer cylinder. To allow for the play backwards and forwards
of the connecting pieces k,g, Sheet I., there is a corresponding slot in those
ends. The slides shown in section by i, g, h, Sheet I., and in plan by b, a, a, b;
Sheet III., are of considerable width. Each of them has a second slide
working in it represented in section by g, 1, Sheet I., and in plan by g, 1,
Sheet III., which is pressed up against the end i by a spring contained in the
space h, l. In each of these second slides is fixed an axle o, p, Sheet I., and
on each of the axles o, p, there turn two wheels P and Q, whose, edges act
against two cams represented in section by M and N, Sheet I., and by the
same letters Fig. 2, Sheet IV., and in plan by the same letters in Fig. I.,
Sheet IV. The acting edge of the cam M is concave, that of the cam N is
convex. The edges of the cams are not situated in the same plane as shewn
in Fig. 1, Sheet IV., but in different planes as shewn in Sheet I. and Fig. 2,
Sheet IV. The wheel P, Sheet I., acts on the concave cam, and Q on the
convex. When the larger cylinder revolves these wheels roll on the edges of
the cams, and carry with them the axles o, p, Sheet I., the slides g, h, and the
sliding partitions d, h, k, d. The forms of the cams are such as to give the
requisite motions to the sliding partitions. The parts U, M', T, and u, N¹, t,
Sheet IV. are circular. In order to bring about a spring packing of the ends
of the partition against the convex surface of the inner cylinder, the inner
edge P of the concave cam M is brought a little nearer to the axle of the
machine than is necessary to carry the partition home. The spring 1, h,
Sheet III. is thus made to yield a little, and the required spring packing is
thus obtained. The cams are fixed on the axle X, X, or to the solid frame
which supports the machine. To keep the ends of the partition E in close
contact with the ends of the cylinder it is made in three parts, of which the
outer one has somewhat the form of a letter U, as shewn by o, o, o.
Within
it is a piece formed of two equal and similar parts, of which a section parallel
to the axis of the machine is shewn by Fig. 2, Sheet II. Between the two
parts is a recess h containing a spring which tends to separate them. To
prevent the
escape of the steam by the face f, k, of the slide F, Sheet II., a
piece represented in section by u, Fig. 1, Sheet II., and in plan by y, Fig. 5,
Sheet II., is let into a recess, Fig. 1, Sheet II., into which it fits, and

page_text: is pressed forwards against the face of the slide by springs a, a, Fig. 5,
Sheet II.
I claim to apply the slides and cams externally or internally to the outer
cylinder as occasion may require, and to use other contrivances for the closing
up and packing of these and other parts of the machine where the steam may
escape, which it is unnecessary here to describe, and to give such other pro-
portions to the several parts of the machine as may be found necessary.
Instead of the cylinder B, B, being fixed and A, A, moveable, A, A, may
be fixed and B, B, moveable, or both cylinders may be moveable. In the last
case the cylinders will be made to move in opposite directions by the opposite
pressures upon the partitions E and F. By the last arrangement the
machine is capable of being made to receive the action of twice the amount
of motive power, and so of yielding twice the work. The opposite motions
of the cylinders A, A, and B, B, (which last carries with it the axle,) may
be made to unite in communicating a motion in the same direction to a
parallel shaft by passing a band round the outer surface of A, A, and round a
drum fixed upon the parallel shaft, and by passing another crossed band
round a drum upon the prolongation of the axle X, X, and round a second
drum upon the shaft. To reverse the motion of the engine it is only
necessary to admit the steam or other fluid, by the pressure of which it is driven
through the opposite end of the axle X, X.
The manner in which the engine is constructed so as to work by the
rotation of the inner cylinder B, B, Fig. 2, Sheet V., to which the solid
axes X, X, Fig. 1 is fixed, is as follows:-On the two ends of the
cylinder B, B, which is shewn in plan by Fig. 2, Sheet V., and in section
by Fig. 4, there are fixed circular plates D, D, Fig. 1, Sheet V. These
circular plates have concentric cylindrical projections near their edges repre-
sented by.b, Fig. 1, Sheet V., which fit into grooves in the outer fixed
cylinder A, A, and are intended to keep the hollow space between the
cylinders steam-tight. In these plates are cut the grooves m, n, Fig. 4,
Sheet V., in which the slides i, g, Fig. 1 work, to which slides on one side
the sliding partitions F and G, Fig. 1, Sheet V. are fixed by the connecting
pieces k, g, and on the other side the axes are fixed on which the wheels P
and Q turn. These wheels rolling on the cams shewn in section by M and N,
Fig. 1, Sheet V., give the requisite forward and backward motions to the
sliding partitions F and G.
I claim in this, as in the former case, to use any form of cam which will
give the required motions to the slides, and to place the cams without or
within the greater cylinder as may be most convenient.

page_text: The cams (as I at present use them) form part of the inner surface of the
ends I, L, of the outer cylinder Fig. 1, Sheet V. The steam or other fluid is
admitted into the bollow space between. the eylinders through an aperture Z,
Fig. 2, Sheet V., in the outer cylinder, and escapes through a similar
aperture S. The engine is driven as in the former case by the pressure of the
steam, first on one and then on the other of the sliding partitions, which to
receive that pressure are alternately thrust forwards and withdrawn. There
are two pipes (not shewn in the Drawings) which lead into the exhaust
pipe S from the spaces between the ends of the two cylinders, in which space
the wheels P and Q work. The use of these two pipes is to carry off any of
the steam or other fluid which may escape from the inner cylinder into that
space. The spring packing is effected in the same way in this second mode
of applying the machine as in the first. The fixed partition E, Fig. 2,
Sheet V., is inserted in a recess or slot in the outer cylinder, instead of as
before in the inner. It is formed of three different parts, in the same way as
before, and is similarly pressed by springs forwards and sideways.
Besides using the engine as a means of applying the pressure of steam or
water I claim to use it as a means of raising or projecting water or any other
fluid, or of exhausting or condensing air. When thus used a power must be
employed externally to turn the outer cylinder A, A, Sheet I., under the first
form of the machine, or to turn the axis X, X, Fig. 1, Sheet V., under the
second form.
I claim also to use the machine as a water meter under either of its forms.
The water is to be admitted in each case as though it were to be used as a
motive power.
At each revolution the same given quantity of water passes
through the machine. The quantity of water which passes through it in a
given time is therefore measured by registering the number of revolutions.
The registration is effected by means of a counter.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Moseley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
HENRY MOSELEY. (L.S.)