Improvements in or relating to Clay Presses and Bricks Formed thereby.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1896
Complete Specification Left 5th July 1897-Accented 8th Oct
1807
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Clay Presses and Bricks Formed
thereby.
I, ARTHUR EDWARD NICHOLL, of Streatham Rectory, Streatham, London, S.W.
A.M.I.C.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The improvements relate particularly to dry press brick making machinery as
described in Amended Specification No. 2071 A.D. 1891; but are also suitable
for other press brick making or similar machinery for pressing plastic materials.
The improvements consist in making in the side walls of the dies or boxes or in
the upper and lower stampers working therein in any or all of them or between
them, one or more relief holes or channels, through which the superabundant
clay or other plastic material may pass under pressure and thus regulate said
pressure on the material when the same is being moulded; and in combination
with such holes or some of them for the purpose of controlling and limiting their
output as desired and conveniently placed at or near them are blocks or other
cover pieces controlled by springs or weighted levers or other means which will
allow the blocks or cover pieces to be moved similar to a valve and the relief clay
or material to pass at any predetermined pressure.
In some instances I may make the top press smaller in area than the area of
the mould or may partly cut away the top press at one or both sides or at one or
both ends or may make the bottom press smaller in area than the mould or partly
cut it away as aforesaid, or I may enlarge or cut away the mould at the top or
bottom, in order to leave a space through which surplus clay will be pressed out
of the die, such clay remaining as a ridge or excrescence upon the pressed brick
to be subsequently removed by a suitable cutter or scraper for instance as the
brick is being pushed clear of the dies.
The channels or spaces through which the surplus clay passes may be curved,
tapered or of other form to create resistance to the passage of the clay through
them or may contain obstacles for that purpose.
In order to make a brick having a frog on the under surface the frog plate
on the lower stamper is made tapered from one end to the other so as to allow
of the brick being slid free of the dies without hindrance from said frog plate.
For applying sand or other materials to the surface of the brick above or near
the table across which the pressed brick slides as it passes from the dies, is fitted
a hopper or hoppers for supplying sand or other material thereto, and rollers,
brushes, springs, scrapers, or other like appliances for applying or spreading the
sand or other materials and removing the surplus or restricting the amount applied.
When the brick is required for enamelling, the cutter or scraper will be such
as to scratch or roughen the surface for the application of enamelling material
in the usual way or by the aforesaid means for application of sand or other
materials.
The following improvement may be applied to the hopper for feeding clay to
the press in order to ensure that each charge of clay carried by the charger from
the hopper to the dies may be uniform and in more compact state, the hopper may
be formed with the same number of chutes as there are presses, each chute being

page_text: straight and of the same cross sectional area as the cavity in the charger which
is to receive the charge for each brick and leading direct to said cavity so that
the clay may drop into said chute and descend in the form of a more solid mass
both in the cavity in the charger and in the mould.
Dated this 5th day of October 1896.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Clay Presses and Bricks Formed
thereby.
I, ARTHUR EDWARD NICHOLL, of Streatham Rectory, Streatham, London, S.W.
A.M.I.C.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The invention relates particularly to dry press brick making machinery as
described in Amended Specification 2071 A.D. 1891, but are also suitable for
other press brick making or similar machinery for pressing plastic materials.
The improvements consist in making in the side walls of the dies or boxes or in
the upper and lower stampers working therein in any or all of them or between
them one or more relief holes or channels through which the superabundant clay
or other plastic material may pass under pressure and thus regulate said pressure
on the material when the same is being moulded.
In combination with the relief holes or some of them for the purposes of con-
trolling and limiting their output as desired I may conveniently place at or near
them blocks or other cover pieces controlled by springs or weighted levers or other
means which will allow the blocks or cover pieces to be moved similar to a valve
and the relief clay or material to pass at any predetermined pressure.
In some instances I may make the top press smaller in area than the area of
the mould or may partly cut away the top press at one or both sides or at one or
both ends or may make the bottom press smaller in area than the mould or partly
cut it away as aforesaid, or I may enlarge or cut away the mould at the top or
bottom, in order to leave a space through which surplus clay will be pressed out
of the die, such clay remaining as a ridge or excrescence upon a pressed brick to
be subsequently removed by a suitable cutter or scraper or for instance by the
edge of the die as the brick is being pushed clear of the dies.
The channels or spaces through which the surplus clay passes may be curved,
tapered or of other form to create resistance to the passage of the clay through
them or may contain obstacles for that purpose or they may be narrow at their
entrance and afterwards widened to permit the surplus clay to pass out out more
easily after it has entered the relief passage.
In order to make a brick having a frog in the under surface the frog plate or
the lower stamper is made tapered from one end to the other so as to allow of the
brick being slid free of the dies without hindrance from said frog plate.
For applying sand or other materials to the surface of the brick, above or near
the table across which the pressed brick slides as it passes from the dies, is fitted
a hopper or hoppers, for supplying sand or other material thereto and if desired
also rollers, springs, brushes, scrapers or other like appliances for more forcibly
applying or spreading the sand or other materials and renewing the surplus or
restricting the amount applied.

page_text: When the brick is required for enamelling the cutter or scraper will be such
as to scratch or roughen the surface for the application of enamelling material in
the usual way or by the aforesaid means for application of sand or other materials.
The following improvement may be applied to the hopper for feeding clay to the
press in order to insure that each charge of clay carried by the charger from the
hopper to the dies may be uniform and in more regular state, the hopper may be
formed with the same number of chutes as there are presses, each chute being
straight the upper part smaller and the lower part of about the same cross
sectional area as the cavity in the charger which is to receive the charge for each
brick so that the clay may drop into said chute and descend in it with more
regularity and also in the cavity in the charger and in the mould.
In the annexed drawing Fig. 1 is an end elevation, Fig. 2 a side elevation, and
Fig. 3 a sectional plan of a die or stamper provided with a relief hole. Fig. 4 is
a side elevation showing the improved clay hopper and a modification of the relief
apparatus and Fig. 5 is a plan of the means for sending the bricks.
A represents the mould. B the frog plate with frog B₁ inclined as before
described, C the stamper or die with a relief tube C which may be made flaring
outwards as in Figs. 1 2 and 3 or made to consist of a pipe as in Fig. 4 inserted
in the casting which forms the stamper or die and with or without the cover
plate C2 with its spring C³ for further checking the relief. D is the clay hopper
or feeder. D is an upper narrow extension thereof. G is the charger which
slides to and fro under the die C as in the Specification to Patent 2071* 1891.
H is the table of the machine described in said specification and J the under
stamper. K is the floor for holding clay. The receptacles D and D¹ are con-
veniently made of iron but may be of any shape or material convenient for the
purpose.
Into the open space of hopper D left uncovered by the extension D¹ the surplus
clay from the relief pipe falls.
E are rollers for spreading the sand on the sides of the brick and F are spring
plates or scrapers which may be used with or in place of the rollers E for the
same purpose, such sand being supplied by any suitable hoppers not shown on
the drawing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The construction of the stampers dies or moulds with relief holes or passages
in the manner and for the purpose described.
2. The combination of the said construction of relief holes or passages with
cover plates, operated by springs or otherwise to open under predetermined
pressure.
3. The construction of hopper substantially as set forth.
4. The means of sanding unfinished bricks or pressed clay blocks substantially
as set forth.
5. The construction of scrapers for preparing unfinished bricks or clay blocks
for enamelling, substantially as set forth.
6. In a brick press a frog plate having an inclined frog substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 5th day of July 1897.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.