IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC RAMS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Garnett, of Smethwick, in the County
of Stafford, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC RAMS."
Sealed the 23rd March 1869, and dated the 6th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Garnett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1868.
I, THOMAS GARNETT, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC RAMS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention refers to the construction of double acting and recipro-
cating self-acting hydraulic rams which may be worked with high-pressure
water or other suitable fluid, either from mains in streets, or from accumu-
lators, or direct from force pumps, and, they may be worked either horizon-
tally or vertically as required for the purposes of punching or stamping,
and other analagous operations where high pressure is requisite. I form
an induction and an exhaust valve, both of which are contained in the

page_text: piston. The lifts of these valves are regulated by the seats. The seats
of the escape valve and induction valve are formed in the piston, each
valve having two faces, the one face being on the seat whilst the other is
off, thereby closing the passage to one side of the piston and opening it
to the other. The pressure is admitted by a pipe communicating with
the induction valve, such pressure being prevented from escaping into
the cylinder by means of packings. As soon as the pressure is admitted
the induction valve closes the passage to one end of the piston, thus
opening the passage at the other end; the pressure being on one end of
the piston closes the exhaust valve at such end, and causes the piston to
travel to the other end of the cylinder, until the spindle of the induction
valve comes in contact with a regulating pin, and opens the passage to
the opposite end of the piston, the pressure closing the exhaust at that
end, and opening it at the other, allowing the exhaust to escape into an
exhaust passage which is formed through the length of the double piston
rods and connected with the exhaust valve; a reciprocating motion is
thus obtained or series of strokes given by the double piston from side
to side or upwards and downwards, as the case may be. The length of
stroke may be regulated by means of regulating screws or other suitable
mechanical means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Garnett in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
GARNETT, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, hearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Garnett, Her special
license that I, the said Thomas Garnett, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Garnett, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the

page_text: term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HYDRAULIC RAMS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas Garnett, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Garnett, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My Invention refers to the construction of double-acting and
reciprocating self-acting hydraulic rams which may be worked with
high-pressure water or other suitable fluid either from mains in streets,
or from accumulators, or direct from force pumps, and they may be
worked either horizontally or vertically as required, for the purposes
of punching or stamping, or other analagous operations where high
pressure is requisite. I form an induction and an exhaust valve, both
of which are contained in the piston; the lifts of these valves are
regulated by the seats. The seats of the escape valve and the induction
valve are formed in the piston, each valve having two faces, the one
face being on the seat whilst the other is off, thereby closing the passage
to one side of the piston and opening it to the other. The pressure is
admitted by a pipe communicating with the induction valve, such
pressure being prevented from escaping into the cylinder by means of
packings. As soon as the pressure is admitted the induction valve closes
the passage to one end of the piston, thus opening the passage at the
other end, the pressure being on one end of the piston closes the exhaust
valve at such end and causes the piston to travel to the other end of
the cylinder until the spindle of the induction valve comes in contact
with a regulating pin and opens the passage to the opposite end of the
piston, the pressure closing the exhaust at that end and opening it at the
other, allowing the exhaust to escape into an exhaust passage which is
formed through the length of the double piston rods, and connected with
the exhaust valve; a reciprocating motion is thus obtained or scries of

page_text: strokes given by the piston from side to side or upwards and downwards,
as the case may be. The length of the stroke may be regulated by means
of regulating screws or other suitable mechanical means.
I will now proceed to describe my Invention more fully in detail with
the aid of the Drawing hereunto annexed, which represents in longi-
tudinal section a double-acting and reciprocating self-acting hydraulic
ram constructed according to my Invention, which may be worked by
the means and for the purposes already described.
In the Drawing the piston is shewn at one end of the cylinder with
the induction valve just opened to admit the fluid for the return stroke,
whilst at the same time the eduction or exhaust valve is opened at the
other side of the piston to allow the exhaust fluid to escape; these
operations are repeated each time the piston or ram travels from one
end of the cylinder to the other.
(a) is the cylinder having covers (b, b',) screwed on to each end of the
same in the ordinary manner with stuffing boxes (c, c',) through which
the piston rods (d, d',) pass; these piston rods (d, d',) are made by
preference part of and in a piece with the body of the piston (e). In
the body of the piston (e) and on opposite sides are placed the induc-
tion valve (f) and the eduction or exhaust valve (g); the induction
valve (f) has two faces within the body of the piston, and works
against suitable seats (h, h¹,) which are screwed into the body of the
piston (e), and are capable of being regulated so as to admit of a greater
or less throw of the valve (f). The eduction or exhaust valve (g) is
formed somewhat similarly to the valve (f), but has its faces at each
end working on seats (i, i,) outside the body of the piston (e); these
seats are driven tight into the body of the piston (e) with means of
adjustment by a loose piece (j) screwed on to the end of the valve,
which may thus be regulated as required in case of wear or otherwise.
(K) is the induction pipe attached to the centre of the cylinder in the
ordinary way; the exhaust fluid passes off through the centre of the
piston and rods provided with suitable outlets; (2) is a chamber cut or
recessed in the interior of the cylinder between the two leather packing
rings (m, m); in practice this chamber (2) should be equal in length
to the longest throw of the ram with the size of the hole (n) in the
piston (e) added thereto. In order to regulate or vary the stroke of the
ram I place a screw (o, o¹,) in each cover (b, b',) in a line with the axis of
the induction valve (f), by which means the valve can be "knocked off"

page_text: at any length of stroke, and as an additional precaution to ensure the
closing of the eduction or exhaust valve (g) similar screws (p, p',) are
fitted in the covers (b, 6',) in a line with such valve.
The operation of a machine so constructed is as follows:-The high-
pressure water or other fluid is admitted through the induction pipe (K)
into the chamber (7), and so on to the piston for actuating the induction
valve (f); the high-pressure fluid is prevented from escaping into the
cylinder (a) by means of the packings (m, m¹); as soon as the pressure
is admitted the induction valve (f) closes the passage to one end of the
piston (e), thus opening the passage at the other end, the pressure
being on one end of the piston closes the exhaust valve (9) at such end,
and causes the piston (e) to travel to the other end of the cylinder (a)]
until the spindle of the induction valve (f) comes into contact with
the regulating pin (0) or (o²), and opens the passage to the opposite end
of the piston (e), the pressure closing the eduction or exhaust valve (g)
at that end, and opening it at the other, allowing the exhaust fluid to
escape through the exhaust passage in the piston (e) and rods (d, d¹);
a reciprocating motion is thus obtained or series of strokes given by the
piston from side to side or upwards and downwards, as the case may
be, the action of such a machine being applicable for the purposes of
punching or stamping, and other analagous operations, where a high
degree of pressure is requisite.
Having thus described the object and nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same may be carried into effect, I claim
without limiting myself to the precise form of the parts as described or
shewn, the arrangement and construction of double-acting and recipro-
cating self-acting hydraulic rams, substantially in manner as herein
more fully set forth and specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Garnett, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
THOMAS GARNETT. (L.S.)