Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Nov., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, JOHN GARDNER, of 5, Cross Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Type-writer Specialist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows :-
This invention relates to type-writers, and more particularly to that class of
type-writers described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
No. 8719 dated the 27th day of May A.D. 1889.
me
In the machine described in my former Specification, the diagonal are lever is
arranged just below the upper plate. In order to increase the stability of the
machine and thus to avoid noise and vibration as far as practicable, and in order
further to enable a type sleeve or cylinder to be more conveniently used in
place of a type segment, I arrange the diagonal are lever below the bottom plate
and consequently also displace the crank and crank segment to a corresponding
position below the diagonal are lever.
The use of a type sleeve or cylinder instead of a type segment involves a greater
angular motion for the printing surface and I arrange for this by causing the
crank quadrant to engage with a pinion of sufficient length to be in gear with
the quadrant in all positions of the type-sleeve this pinion being fixed below the
type sleeve.
The stop finger is constructed and arranged in a similar manner to that described
in my former Specification with reference to Figure 3 of the drawings appended
thereto but instead of the quadrant being driven from the crank and driving the
type sleeve, it is driven by the type sleeve and the stop finger instead of moving
below the lower plate moves above it. The ratio between the stop finger and the
pinion on the type sleeve may be fixed at will so as to obtain motion through any
desired are for the maximum motion of the type sleeve.
The shield or guard has its lower portion removed thus obviating any risk of
simcaring the writing.
The re-arrangement and altered construction of the diagonal are lever and stop
finger involves a modification of the construction of the key stems. The projec-
tions upon the upper parts of the key stems which were employed to act upon the
diagonal are lever are omitted, and the lower parts of the key stems now act upon
that lever directly below the lower plate. The lower ends of the type key stems
are formed or turned in a horizontal direction below the lower plate, towards the
type sleeve and are again turned upwards so that the upturned parts pass through
openings in the lower plate. These upturned parts have slots or recesses formed in
them so that when the keys are at rest, the stop finger can sweep through the slots,
but when any type key is depressed, the stop finger comes into contact with the
upturned part of that type key and the further motion of the stop finger is arrested
the type sleeve being thereby always stopped in exactly the same position on
the depression of the same type key. The upturned part of each type key stem is
connected by means of a spiral spring with a projection formed upon the upper
plate.
According to these improvements I also dispense with the spacing key and
employ the shift key for spacing. For this purpose I form a branch upon the shift
key stem in such a position and in such a manner that when the shift key is
depressed the branch will come into contact with and operate the quadrant lever
which actuates the spacing motion.
Instead of arranging the fixed and sliding dogs employed in the letter-spacing
and hammer resetting motions as described in my former Specification, I form the

page_text: fixed dog on the stem of the spacing lever and arrange the sliding dog immediately
below it. The sliding dog carries a hook which engages with the resetting lever
and operates to reset the hammer or ram when the sliding dog is pulled forward by
the scrape wheel.
The type sleeve constructed according to these improvements may be adapted
not alone to the machine hereinbefore referred to, but also to other type-writing
machines in which a sliding type sleeve or segment is employed. The central hole
in the type sleeve is bored or otherwise formed larger than the diameter of the
spindle except at the lower end, where it is constructed to fit upon the spindle
truly. On the spindle, at a point corresponding with the upper end of the type
sleeve, I form a fast collar or enlargement to fit the bore of the sleeve. There will
thus be an enclosed annular space within the sleeve, in which I place a spiral spring
around the spindle, one end of the spring abutting upon the material of the sleeve at.
the point where the bore is contracted to fit the spindle, and the other end upon the
collar or enlarged part of the spindle. By this arrangement when the type sleeve
has been shifted upon the spindle, the spiral spring forces it back to its normal
position on the release of the shift key.
Dated this 3rd day of November A.D. 1890.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Type-writing Machines.
I, JOHN GARDNER, of Cross Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Type-writer Specialist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates principally to key type writing machines in which the
keys or the stems of the keys are employed to operate the machine directly without
the use or interposition of key levers.
Such a machine is described and illustrated in and by the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to me and dated the 27th day of May 1889 No. 8719.
I will describe my present improvements with reference to the accompanying
drawings in which—
Figure 1 represents a sectional side view of the machine.
Figure 2 a partial sectional plan shewing the spacing and stop motions;
Figure 3 an elevation of the shift key and quadrant lever;
Figure 4 a back elevation of the impression guard;
Figure 5 a partial vertical section of the spacing mechanism;
Figure 6 a plan, and
Figure 7 a front elevation of the spacing and driving mechanism.
In each of the figures similar parts or details are denoted by similar letters of
reference.
In the machine described in my former Specification, the inclined are lever A is
arranged below the upper plate B. In order to increase the stability of the
machine and thus to avoid much of the noise and vibration in working and in order
further, to enable a type sleeve or type cylinder to be more conveniently used in
the machine instead of a type segment, I arrange the diagonal arc lever below the
lower plate B¹ and I consequently also displace the crank C and the crank segment D
to a corresponding position below the inclined are lever A.
The use of a type sleeve or cylinder E, instead of a type segment, whilst it
avoids the momentum of the segment, involves a greater angular motion for the
printing surface, and 1 arrange for this by causing the crank quadrant or segment D
to engage with a pinion of smaller diameter.
The stop finger is constructed and arranged in a similar manner to that described

page_text: in the Specification of my former Letters Patent with reference to Figure 5 of the
drawings appended thereto, but instead of the quadrant G being driven from and by
the crank, it is driven from the type sleeve, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and the stop
finger instead of moving below the lower plate, moves above it. The ratio between
the stop finger quadrant G and the type sleeve pinion F may be fixed at will
so as to obtain motion through any desired are for the maximum motion of the
type sleeve.
The impression shield H instead of being constructed of a strip of metal as in
my former machine, with a hole therein through which the printing characters
may come into contact with the paper, is forined with a slot as shewn at H
Figure 4. The shield may be secured to one of the pillars of the machine by
means of a set screw H¹ passing through a suitable hole in the end of the
shield. The absence of material on the side of the opening through which
the impression is made completely removes the possibility of the shield smearing
the writing.
The re-arrangement and the modified construction of the inclined arc lever A
involve a modification in the construction of the key stems. The projections which
were employed to act upon the inclined are lever are now omitted, and the lower
parts of the key stems now act upon that lever directly below the lever plate B'.
The lower ends of the type key stems are turned in a horizontal direction towards
the centre of the type sleeve spindle and at a short distance are again turned
upwards so that these upturned parts pass through suitable openings formed in the
lower plate. These upturned parts have slots or recesses formed in them or they
have at their upper extremities a returned part or projection 1, Figure 1, so that
when the keys are in their normal positions, the stop finger G can sweep through
the recesses or below the returned parts I, but when any particular key is depressed
as shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 1, the stop finger will come into contact with
the upturned part of that particular key stem, its motion being thereby arrested
and the type sleeve is consequently also stopped in one particular position. Arrange-
ments are made for spacing the letters on the printing field to ensure that the sleeve
will always be stopped by the contact of the stop-finger with the key stem belong-
ing to the letter or character which is desired to be printed when that letter or
character is in front of the impression ram. The extreme end of each type key
stem is connected by means of a spiral spring J with a projection formed in or
connected to the upper plate, the action of the spring being to restore the key to
its normal position after it is released.
According to these improvements I also dispense with the spacing key formerly
used in my machines and employ the shift key L for spacing. For this purpose, I
form a branch K upon the shift key stem in such a position and in such a manner
that when the shift key is depressed the branch K will come into contact with and
operate the quadrant lever (or a projection therefrom) M, which actuates the
spacing motion. This shift key, which has a slightly shallower dip than the type
keys, is separately shewn in elevation in Figure 3 where its normal position is
indicated in full lines, and its position when used for spacing is indicated in dotted
lines.
.
Instead of arranging the fixed and sliding dogs which engage with the teeth
of the escape wheel and which are employed in the letter spacing and in the ram
re-setting motions, as described in my former Specification, I form the fixed dog (
upon the stem of the quadrant spacing lever M, and arrange the sliding dog O
immediately below it as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6. The sliding dog O¹ carries
a hook N which engages with and operates the re-setting lever P and operates also
to re-set the impression ram when the sliding dog is pulled forward by the escape
wheel Q, that is to say as soon as the lever is lifted on its return stroke with its
fast dog out of contact with the teeth of the escape wheel.
The type sleeve or cyclinder constructed according to these improvements may
be adapted not alone to the machine herein described but also to other machines in
which a sliding type sleeve or segment is employed.

page_text: The central hole in the type sleeve E is. bored or otherwise formed larger than
the diameter of the spindle except at the lower end where it is formed to fit upon
the spindle truly. (Figure 1.) On the spindle, at a point corresponding with the
upper end of the type sleeve, I form upon the spindle a fast collar or enlarge-
ment R to fit the bore of the sleeve. There will thus be an enclosed annular space
within the type-sleeve in which there is placed a spiral spring S around the spindle,
one end of the spring abutting upon the material of the sleeve at the point where
the bore is contracted to fit the spindle, and the other end upon the enlarged part
or collar R. By this arrangement when the type sleeve has been shifted
upon the
spindle as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 1, the spiral spring forces it back into its
normal position on the release of the shift key.
In order to prevent the possibility of an impression being made upon the paper
when the spacing key is used for spacing only and not in combination with a writing
key, I may employ the arrangement illustrated by Figures 5, 6, and 7. Figure
is a sectional side view; Figure 6 a plan; and Figure 7 a front view. Alongside
of the stem of the quadrant lever M and parallel therewith 1 mount the fast and
loose dogs instead of mounting them on the lever M as herein before described. On
this arm there is formed the projection U upon which the stem of the lever M
normally rests the stem being cranked or curved as indicated in Figure 5 for the
purpose of clearing the arm which also rests upon the snug or projection U and
the other end of which is fixed upon the rocking shaft Z. An arm V is also fixed
on the rocking shaft Z at its opposite end. The lever M operates to release the
impression hammer as already described, therefore if the lever M is not moved
when a key is actuated no impression can be made. The spacing, key therefore,
instead of being made to operate the quadrant lever M as before is made to operate
the arm V fixed upon the rocking shaft and consequently to operate the spacing
motion through the arm V without acting upon the impression ram release motion.
The paper carriage which I prefer to employ with my improved machine is
described and illustrated in and by the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me No. 8831 dated the 7th day of June A.D. 1890 and the drawings appended
thereto.
This paper carriage is represented in cross section as a part of Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings where T is the carriage guide; W is the feed roller and its
spindle the concave part of the carriage against which the feed roller works;
and is the spring rod, all constructed and arranged as described in my said
former Specification.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
1. In a type writing machine such as is herein before described, the combination
and arrangement with a type sleeve or segment having a pinion formed thereon, of
a stop finger geared with the type sleeve pinion, and of a toothed rack or quadrant
also gearing with the type sleeve pinion, the arrangement being such that the rack
or quadrant drives the type sleeve and the type sleeve drives the stop finger; sub-
stantially as set forth and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
2. In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, a stop finger
having a toothed quadrant gearing with and driven by the type sleeve pinion,
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
3. In a type writing machine, key stems bent twice at right angles and having a
stop formed upon each upturned part, which when any individual printing key is
depressed will come into the path of the stop finger, substantially as hereinbefore
described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
4. In a type writing machine, the combination and arrangement with key stems
bent twice at right angles, of a stop finger geared with the type sleeve pinion and
arranged to come into contact with the upturned part of each type key stem or

page_text: with a stop formed thereon on the depression of the type key, substantially as
hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
5. In a type writing machine, the combination with key stems bent twice at
right angles, of the spiral springs, substantially as hereinbefore described and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
6. In a type writing machine, a type sleeve or segment capable of sliding upon
its spindle, and having an annular space around the spindle within which space a
spiral spring is enclosed, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
7. In a type writing machine having a type sleeve or type segment, an impression
guard consisting of a strip of metal having a slot or opening extending through
the end or side of the guard, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
S. In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the combination
and arrangement with the shift key, of a branch or projection K thereon, and a
lever M through and by means of which the spacing and impression motions are
operated, substantially as set forth and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
9. In a type writing machine such as is herein before described, the combination
and arrangement with the shift key, of a branch or projection thereon, a rocking
shaft Z having the arms V V1 fixed thercon the arm V being actuated by the
projection and an arm carrying the fast and loose spacing dogs being operated
by the arm V, substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the
accompanying drawings.
10. In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the combination
and arrangement of the fast and loose spacing dogs with the quadrant lever M,
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
11. In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the combination
and arrangement with the quadrant lever M, of a parallel arm on which the quadrant
lever normally rests, and which carries the fast and loose dogs, a rocking shaft Z
having two arms fixed thereon, and a shift key operating one of the arms on the
rocking shaft the other arm of which operates the spacing motion, substantially as
herein before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
12. In a type writing machine such as hereinbefore described, the arrangement
below the lower plate of the machine, of the inclined are lever, the crank or wrist
pin, and the quadrant on the crank shaft engaging with and driving a pinion fixed
below a type sleeve or segment, substantially as hereinbefore described and as
illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
13. In a type writing machine such as is hereinbefore described, the combination
and arrangement with a sliding dog O' of a hook N, and a re-setting lever, substan-
tially as herein before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 7th day of February A.D. 1891.
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.