IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METAL PLATES WITH TIN AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Morewood of Llanelly Carmarthenshire for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING METAL PLATES WITH TIN AND
OTHER METALS,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Morewood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st December 1883.
EDMUND MOREWOOD of Llanelly Carmarthenshire.
METAL PLATES WITH TIN AND OTHER METALS."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING
In coating plates of iron or other metal with tin or suitable metal or alloys
without the use of what is called the wash pot or brushing over. I find that the
plates bring over with them in the process of coating more or less scruff or
undesirable matter from the tinning or first coating pot and that it is important
to get rid of such scruff or undesirable matter from the coating at an early
stage and to avoid or prevent it becoming fixed set or bedded in or upon the
coating.
Therefore I cause the plates as they emerge or immediately after they emerge
from the surface of the coating metal to travel in such a path that their surfaces
shall pass between washing rollers or appliances and if these washing rollers or
appliances leave the plates with a heavier or less perfect coating than is desired
I further subject the plates to other rollers revolving in or in contact with flux
which reduce improve or give finish to such coating.
The rollers or appliances which I call washing are such as have or obtain a
regulated supply of melted or reservoir metal or flux of suitable quality temperature
quantity and condition by which such rollers or appliances are washed cleaned or
kept in order and by means or in consequence of the position or arrangements of
such rollers or appliances (whose surfaces are coated with tin or suitable melted
metal and have a sufficient supply of free fluid metal in addition) they wash
and remove from the surface of the plates passing between them scruff and
undesirable matter which the plates bring on their surface from the tinning or
coating metal or pot.
One form of washing appliance which I find very useful is a pair of coated rollers
revolving in troughs containing clean melted metal or suitable flux.

page_text: And it is important that the plates whose surface coating is to be washed or
Improved should travel or pass between these washing rollers or appliances when
or as soon as possible after they leave or rise up out of the coating metal and
whilst they are in or under improving or finishing grease or flux which is by
preference on or above the surface of the coating metal and which in case of t
finishing tin plates I find it desirable to keep in the space between the legs of and
sometimes above the troughs and also above the nip of the uppermost finishing
rollers. In case of coating Terne plates I frequently work with flux below the nip
of the washing rollers whether I use them as finishing rollers or not.
In some cases I use surfaces of iron or other metal having their faces supplied
with clean melted metal. Then the plates pass from the coating metal pot between
these coated surfaces as well as through washing or improving or finishing rollers
I find it well to supply these surfaces from troughs containing clean melted metal
similar to those used for washing rollers.
By means of a tube or pipe or connecting arrangement communicating with the
trough or the melted metal or flux therein and a suitable appliance I am enabled to
ascertain the level of the melted metal in the trough with which the rollers or
washing appliances may be in contact below the surface of the flux. I find it
convenient to use an outside vessel containing melted metal communicating by a
pipe with the melted metal in the trough. And by these means I learn the
condition and temperature and level of the melted metal in the trough and am able
to regulate it.
"
At other times and especially when the rollers are not furnished with troughs
I use a pipe passage or conductor or other arrangement in contact with the flux so
as to enable me to give a regulated supply from a suitable source of clean melted
metal to the surface of the rollers or appliances between which the plates rise up in
and through the finishing flux
When I have a finishing flux pot or compartment which also contains washing
rollers or troughs with suitable arrangements I do not rely only upon the heat
obtained through the flux for keeping the rollers and the melted metal in the
troughs and appliances at a proper heat but I apply heat directly to the sides of
the trough and more especially if the legs of the troughs are above and out of any
body of melted metal from which the clean and separate metal in the troughs might
obtain heat to keep it fluid.
I also apply heat to the bottom or lower part of such flux pot or to the vessel
or compartment containing the settlings or deposit of undesirable matter.
When coating with Terne metal the washing rollers frequently work with grease
below their nip. There is then a draining space between what are called the legs
of the troughs and such space is free from Flux.
I find it well that these washing rollers or appliances should have a direct or
indirect bearing or pressure upon a spring lever or elastic matter-I also arrange
such appliances and the bearings so as to avoid irregular or undue or undesirable
pressure and to lessen or prevent the effect of the sudden changes consequent on
the entrance of or the withdrawal of plates from the rollers.
When the process of washing improving or finishing is performed by rollers or
appliances in a flux vessel or compartment substantially as described with flux
above the nip of the rollers I also use arrangements for the purpose of regulating the
pressure of the rollers so as to neutralize or modify the effect of the change of pressure
arising from the sudden opening and closing of the rollers and to avoid planting
or setting scruff or undesirable matter on plates passing between the rollers or
appliances.
The rollers or appliances which I call washing rollers or appliances are not only
soundly and well coated but obtain and have a regulated supply on their surface
of free fluid metal of suitable quality and quantity.
I have a vessel or space below the level of the surface of the coating metal or of
the washing troughs for the settling or deposit of scruff or undesirable matter from
the flux or metal in the washing or finishing pot or compartment. And I have

page_text: such arrangements that the plates passing up between the washing appliances from
the surface of the coating metal shall be sheltered from or as far as may be out of
the way of such sinking or settling undesirable matter. And I further arrange so
as to regulate the temperature and quality of the flux around the washing
appliances by the supply of fresh flux to the space around them.
I also have such appliances as to remove the settlings or deposits readily.
I find it useful at times to make such barriers at the ends of the upper nip of
the washing improving or finishing rollers whether working in troughs or not as
will enable me to keep a channel of melted metal in the nip and to give a larger
supply of clean melted metal to the plates passing between the nip of such rollers
or improve their surface.
I sometimes find it desirable to have a collar or raised piece round the outer ends
of the rollers which revolve in contact with melted metal and which I call washing
rollers. The object is that the surface of the plates should not nip or press as much
as usual against the body of the rollers. But as a rule the coating thus given will
have to be afterwards reduced or improved.
I also use washing rollers or appliances having holes, slits, slots lateral or vertical
or spiral indentations or worm screw or other corrugations or inequalities in the
improving or finishing part of the process. But as a rule I find it desirable that
the plates passing between such appliances should afterwards pass through
improving and finishing rollers.
Sometimes the washing rollers which are kept well coated with clean melted
metal revolve against other rollers and impart to them more or less of their clean.
coating metal. These two pairs may be made to bear evenly on each other. And
the plate passes between the middle pair of the rollers which may then be made to
give a lighter or thinner coating than if the plate passed between or against the outer
pair which revolves in or in contact with the melted metal in the troughs or which
are washing rollers whilst the other or middle pair although revolving in. contact
with the outer pair may themselves be out of the melted metal in the troughs.
Or each or either may gather melted metal by revolving in what I call a washing
trough and the surface of the pair between which the plates pass in process of
coating is kept in better order than if such pairs did not revolve against each
other.
I prefer to make one of each pair above the level of the other whether they
revolve in trough metal or not.
I also find it useful to employ a double pair of rollers as finishing or reducing
rollers in finishing flux whether using troughs or not.
I make this double pair or one of them to bear or press directly or indirectly
against a spring or elastic matter and bave such arrangements as will enable me to
regulate the distance between each of the rollers whether a plate is passing between
or against them or not-And so that the effect of the entrance of a plate between
the rollers or its withdrawal is moderated or neutralized. Or I make other
arrangements in connection with the washing or other rollers or their appliances
the object being to keep such rollers or appliances more or less apart and to enable
me to avoid pressing undesirable matter as scruff into the coating on the surface
of the plates passing between such rollers or appliances from the coating metal or
to modify or neutralize the effect of the action of the opening and shutting of the
rollers or appliances when plates enter or are withdrawn from between them.
In speaking of washing reducing improving or finishing rollers I mean such as;
have a coating of melted metal on their surface as is well understood.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edmund Morewood in the Patent Office on the 30th June 1884.
EDMUND MOREWOOD of Llanelly-Carmarthenshire "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING
METAL PLATES WITH TIN AND OTHER METALS:
"
My invention relates to coating plates of metal or surfaces of iron or steel
commonly called black plate or plates with tin or other suitable melted metal or
alloys so as to manufacture tin plate or other coated metal plates of various sizes
and thickness.
The arrangements hereinafter described enable me to perform the process of
coating without the use of what is called in the Tin Plate trade "The wash pot or
brushing over"
Also to perform such coating process with a small quantity of coating metal
kept in a melted state at one time and to obtain a coated plate of good finish with
a small expenditure of metal technically called "a small or low yield."
Now I find that the plates when they emerge from the tin or coating metal
through which they are passed in process of coating bring with them more or less
scruff or undesirable matter.
And that it is important to get rid of such scruff or undesirable matter as the
plates emerge from the coating stage sufficiently early in the process to avoid or
prevent it becoming fixed set or bedded in or on to the coating.
Therefore I cause the plates as they emerge or immediately after they emerge
from the surface of the coating metal to travel in such a path that their surfaces
shall pass between or against what I call washing rollers or appliances and as these
rollers or appliances leave the plates with a heavier or less perfect coating than is
usually desired I further subject such plates to other metal coated rollers revolving
in or in contact with flux which reduce improve or rectify or give finish to such
coating.
The rollers or appliances which I call washing are such as have or obtain a
regulated supply of melted metal clean and of suitable quality temperature quantity
and condition with which their surface; or that of the plate passing between or
against them by their action, becomes more or less heavily fed coated or covered.
Such melted metal coated rollers or appliances by means of the melted metal
regularly supplied to or obtained by them wash and remove from the surface of the
plates the scruff or undesirable matter which such plates may have on their surface
when they emerge from the tinning or coating metal.
One form of washing appliance which I find very useful is a pair of rollers
revolving in troughs which contain clean coating metal as is described in the
specification of a former Patent granted to me N° 3126 in the year 1873 but as
according to this part of my present invention the plates pass immediately
afterwards through other rollers which reduce improve rectify or give finish to the
coating the washing rollers should be so set as not to press heavily on the plates.
It is important that the plates whose surface coating is to be washed should be
acted on by these washing rollers or appliances soon after they leave or rise up out
of the coating metal and whilst they are in contact with or under improving or
finishing grease or flux.
In coating washing and finishing tin plates especially I find it desirable to keep
grease in the space between the legs of the troughs I also frequently keep grease
above the washing rollers up to and above the nip of the uppermost and finishing
rollers.
Therefore in order that the washing rollers which are often completely immersed
under the flux may be under observation regulation and control as to the melted

page_text: metal with which they are supplied and its temperature and other points which it
may be important to ascertain I have a tube pipe opening or connecting
arrangement between the melted metal in the troughs and an outer or outside
vessel or arrangement so placed or situated that I am enabled to ascertain and
observe the level of the melted metal in which the washing rollers revolve or
which supplies the washing appliances-and to have the means of keeping such
washing melted metal in suitable order condition and temperature and generally to
be able to regulate it.
I sometimes find it well to have a collar or raised piece round the outer ends of
the coated rollers.
The object is that the surface of the plates should not nip or press as much as
usual against the body of the rollers when they the plates pass between or through
such rollers.
Further if such rollers or appliances have bars corrugations or flutes projections
inequalities, holes, hollows or irregularities on their surface by means of such
inequalities they are enabled to impart a regulated supply of suitable melted
coating metal to the surfaces of the plates passing within reach of between through
or against such rollers or instruments or their washing action or effects.
In some cases I use surfaces of iron or other metal having their faces supplied
with clean melted metal. The plates pass from the coating metal between these
coated surfaces of iron or other metal either before they the plates reach the lowest
washing rollers or between the lowest washing rollers and the melted metal coated
rollers above them.
I sometimes find it desirable to have washing rollers travelling at a greater
speed than the plate moving up through between or against them.
Such rollers have their surfaces so far apart that they do not press upon the
surface of the plates passing between them.
At times especially when the rollers or appliances are not furnished with troughs
of melted metal and yet require a good supply of clean fresh melted metal in order
to improve rectify or finish the coating of the plates which may be passing up and
through the finishing flux pot I use a pipe passage conductor or arrangement in
contact with or through the grease or flux for conveying the clean melted metal
from an outside vessel or reservoir. And by the pipe or conductor in the grease I
give a regulated or equal supply to the surface of the rollers or appliances or to the
plates passing through between or against them or within their reach. At times it
may be advisable to supply washing rollers both by pipes and troughs,
Sometimes the reducing rectifying improving or finishing rollers revolve against
other rollers which may be called outside or on the off side of them-Thus I use
four or more rollers abreast or nearly abreast and they are made to bear or press
evenly on or against each other as they revolve. They may be said to form two or
more pairs one pair being an outer and the other forming an inner or middle pair.
Both have their surfaces coated with clean melted metal. One imparts more or less
of its melted coating metal surface to the other. The plate in process of reducing
improving rectifying or finishing passes through or between the middle pair in
reducing rectifying or finishing its coating.
In order to lessen or prevent the sudden changes or jars on the rollers necks or
bearings consequent upon the entrance or withdrawal of plates between the
washing reducing improving rectifying or finishing rollers I cause such rollers their
connections or appliances to have a bearing against springs or yielding or elastic
matter placed between them.
I find it desirable to make such arrangements that the rollers shall be able to
yield somewhat to the upward thrust of the plates rising up into the nip and that
the rollers whilst obliquely rising may separate to admit the plate between them so
that their action when opening or closing or shutting may not be so sharp or
complete as it otherwise would be but is moderated.
In case of coating with tin I consider it desirable to keep the finishing flux
somewhat above the nip of the uppermost or finishing rollers as is well understood;

page_text: I also keep the space between the legs of the troughs of the washing rollers full
of grease or flux so that the air may have no access to the plates before they reach
the washing rollers.
In coating with alloys as terne metal I frequently keep the flux below the nip of
the uppermost or finishing rollers
As frequently use what I call in this Specification reducing rollers I would
explain that I mean rollers coated with melted metal which rollers I arrange so as to
follow or succeed the washing rollers which by their action often leave the plates
which have passed between them with a heavier coating than is desirable.
Therefore I cause such heavily coated plates to travel to and between another
pair of rollers which I call reducing and which are revolving in finishing flux.
They have a comparatively light coating of clean melted coating metal on their
surface and give such pressure to the surface of the plates passing between them
that they reduce or lessen the coating on the surface of the plates when they reach
the nip of such reducing rollers with the heavy coating left on by the washing
rollers.
Also I call in this Specification rollers rectifying when their surfaces and
movements are kept in such order and so true by their position in relation to other
rollers revolving along or against their surfaces that they improve or rectify hasty
unsound faulty or imperfect coating of the plates passing between or against them.
Such are the melted metal coated rollers revolving four abreast against one another
which form a middle and an outer pair when the plate in process of coating travels
between or against the middle pair as hereinafter described.
The term of "finishing rollers" is well understood in the Tinning and Tern
Plate Process to apply to coated rollers revolving in finishing flux which gives
finish.
So also by the term "improving" rollers I mean coated rollers by which plates
are made sufficiently good to be a marketable article although they may be made
better as regards appearance by passing them through an additional pair or pairs of
coated rollers revolving in finishing flux and called finishing rollers.
In order that my said invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a portion of a coating pot; the part shown is the
exit end or that at which the plates emerge from the melted metal and here
washing rollers, and other rollers for afterwards reducing, improving, rectifying and
finishing the coating on the plates are provided.
a is a portion of the pot containing the molten coating metal; 'it should be a pot
with a barrier or barriers such as is described in the Specification of a former
Patent granted to me No 365 in the year 1878 so that the metal at the exit end
may be less highly heated than that in the body of the pot.
6 is a vessel of a double trough like form; it stands upon the pot a and it
carries the rollers between which the plates pass as and after they leave the molten
coating metal. The upper part of the vessel b here forms the finishing flux pot.
The trough 6 is similar in its general arrangements to that described in the
Specification of my Patent N° 1696 in the year 1876 and shown in the earlier
figures of the Drawings but it is enlarged in order that it may carry additional
rollers and it is otherwise altered as herein described and as the Drawing shows.
c. c. are a pair of rollers at the surface of the molten coating metal revolving
partly in and partly out of the metal. These rollers should nip the plates but
lightly, their office is to keep the surface of the coating metal where the plates
emerge free from scruff and this they do by at once carrying any scruff that appears
over to their outer sides.
It is better that the rollers c. c. should not nip the plates at all, and that the
plates should be carried forward by rollers entirely submerged in the coating metal

page_text: in the pot a and by other rollers above. I then provide one or both of the rollers c,
with wings or collars at the ends or I make them larger at the ends than elsewhere
so that although the rollers c. c. bear the one against the other they nevertheless do
not nip the plates passing between them or if they nip them they do so but
lightly.
d. d. are two curved bars which in a former specification I have termed "face
plates" they are fixed between the two legs of the double trough b they are
carefully coated and they serve to intercept melted metal descending from above and
to bring it into contact with the surfaces of the plates emerging from the coating
metal.
e. e. are the washing rollers, those shown in the Drawings have grooves or
recesses in them but I also employ washing rollers with smooth surfaces. The
washing rollers as indeed all the rollers and instruments with which the plates are
brought into contact are themselves carefully coated with the coating metal. The
space between the rollers c. c. and e. e. is kept full of grease this is especially
desirable when making tin plate. This space forms a separate grease receptacle
it has more or less open or uncovered ends, and at one end there is an overflow
lip. I can provide for a continuous flow of grease through this space to aid in
regulating the temperature.
The washing rollers or appliances need not nip the plates, indeed if the plates are
sufficiently long to travel by the aid of other carrying rollers or arrangements
without being so nipped it is better that they should not be nipped and then the
washing rollers or appliances may be geared to revolve at a somewhat higher speed
than the plates but still with the surfaces between which the plates rise moving
in the direction of their travel. The usual arrangements are made for gearing
and driving the rollers. Grooving or recessing or forming ledges upon the surfaces
of the washing rollers as indicated by the Drawing is more especially where the
rollers do not nip the plates, the grooves do not extend to the ends of the rollers
but the ends of the rollers are slightly larger in diameter as is shewn in
Figure 2.
ff is molten coating metal in the double trough, the rollers e dip into this
metal they take it upon their surfaces and apply it to the surfaces of the plates as
they rise to pass between the rollers and a portion of the metal runs down the
plate carrying the scruff and impurities with it. 9. g. are outside chambers
connected with the metal troughs by the passages g'. g. they contain molten coating
metal in communication with that in the troughs and by means of these chambers
this metal is accessible, its level can be raised by the addition of metal or lowered
by drawing metal out. Cold metal or hot can be put into the chamber g when it
is desired to lower the temperature or the chambers can be heated by gas or
otherwise when it is desired to raise the temperature.
In the upper part of the vessel b above the washing rollers e finishing grease or
flux is contained, it is supported upon the molten metal f. f. If the rollers e. e.
be set so far apart as to allow any considerable quantity of grease to pass down
between them the ends of the chamber between the rollers c and e. in which the
face plates d are contained must be raised sufficiently to admit of the grease being
retained at the desired level in the upper part of the vessel b. h. h. are another
pair of face plates and i. i. are a pair of reducing and improving rollers, they nip.
the plates passing up between them sufficiently to carry the plates forward and
also to remove from their surfaces the greater part of the excess of coating metal
which they bring forward upon them. kk are finishing rollers. When producing
tin plate, for which the arrangement shown in Figure 1 is especially suitable, I
prefer to keep the level of the grease somewhat above the nip of these rollers. The
finishing rollers are provided as is usual with adjustable springs by which the
rollers are pressed together but a novel feature in respect to them is that the
bearings of the rollers are set in oblique guides so that when a plate arrives at the
nip they yield in an upward direction to admit the plate and as they yield upwards.
the follers separate. With this arrangement the opening and closing of the rollers

page_text: takes place with less jar than when the movement of the bearings is in opposite
directions along horizontal guides as at present. With a similar object I introduce
springs between the bearings of the rollers; they are stiff springs of short range
which whilst they do not interfere with a proper pressure being applied to the
plates by the ordinary springs acting to close the rollers, they facilitate the entrance
of the plates and lessen the jar from the rollers coming together when the plates pass
from between them. Such arrangements are very important when reducing
improving rectifying or finishing with the pressure of four rollers nearly abreast
instead of only the ordinary pair.
The washing rollers e e in addition to washing the plates serve a further purpose
they serve to intercept burnt grease and floating impurities descending from the
grease above them and to pack it behind the rollers on either side where it is not
injurious and indeed is useful for it prevents to a certain extent the grease from
resting upon the molten metal which tends to deteriorate the grease. The same
observation applies to the rollers c. c.
In addition to or in place of supplying molten coating metal to the washing
rollers by means of troughs it may be supplied between them from above from a
pipe leading from an outside cistern separately heated and dipping into the grease
contained in the upper part of the vessel b.
Although the washing appliances are conveniently rollers, either plain or with
grooves or recesses, nevertheless it is not essential that they should be so; thus
Figure 3 is a section of an apparatus in which a pair of endless chains of wrought
iron passing around chain wheels is applied to this purpose. The chains are
carefully coated with metal and in the same way as the rollers they take up the
metal and apply it to the surfaces of the plates with which the plates come
lightly into contact.
In this case but one pair of rollers is shown to operate upon the plates after the
washing appliances, their bearings play in oblique guides and they are provided
with counteracting springs 1 as already described. These rollers may be called
reducing and improving rollers-being of large diameter they would leave the
plates with a comparatively thick coating which however could if desired be
readily reduced by a subsequent finishing operation.
But especially where I use but one set of rollers above the washing appliances I
prefer that there should as in represented in Figure 4 be rollers set four abreast such
as is described in the Specification of my Patent N° 3126 in the year 1873 but 3
without metal troughs as they are required to reduce the coating upon the plates.
The intermediate rollers being of small diameter give a very efficient nip to the
plate which not only reduces the coating but at this stage greatly improves it by
rendering it uniform and closing the pores of the plate. The large rollers at the
back support the smaller rollers and prevent them springing or bending and they 4
equalise the wear preventing them from becoming hollow in the middle where the
plates pass between them. Consequently such rollers remain for a long time in a
condition to do good work. I prefer to set these rollers somewhat inclined towards
the workman taking out plates in order that the plate may be delivered in a
convenient direction.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that
I claim :-
4
First. The use of washing rollers or appliances in combination with other metal
coated rollers in such manner that the plate whilst travelling out from the coating 5
vessel is acted on first by the washing rollers or appliances and then by the other
rollers whereby the coating of molten metal which the plate is carrying with it
from the washing rollers or appliances is reduced improved rectified or finished.
Second. The use of washing rollers or appliances revolving in contact with
grease or flux and supplied with molten metal from a double trough having 5
between its legs a space or chamber kept full of grease or flux supplied inde-
pendently of the grease or flux above or in the nip or on the back of the washing

page_text: rollers so that the plates ascending through the said space or chamber are not
brought into contact with the air until they are finally delivered.
Third. The use of washing rollers revolving in contact with molten metal and
having collars or being of larger diameters at their ends so that although the
rollers roll together they may not injuriously nip the plates passing between them.
Fourth. The use in connection with washing rollers or appliances in contact
with grease or flux or matter above them or above the metal which is supplied
to their under sides from troughs of exterior chambers in connection with the
troughs where the metal can be observed supplied and regulated.
Fifth. The use of washing rollers or appliances the surfaces of which are not
smooth but grooved or otherwise formed with cavities and ledges to take up and
apply molten metal to the surfaces of the plates.
Sixth. The use of washing rollers or appliances set so far apart as not to nip or
hold the plates passing between them.
Seventh. The use of washing rollers or appliances moving at a higher speed than
the plates.
Eighth. The use of reducing improving rectifying or finishing rollers with their
bearings carried in oblique guides and which yield upwards as they open to admit
the plates between them.
Ninth. The use when working with four or more rollers abreast or somewhat or
nearly abreast for reducing improving rectifying or finishing of counteracting
springs or elastic supports tending to separate them to facilitate the entrance of
the plates between them and to lessen the jar resulting from the reaction of the
closing springs when the plates leave the rollers.
Tenth. The arrangement four or more abreast or somewhat or nearly abreast of
the rollers of the finishing flux pot, such rollers, in order that they may perform
their office of reducing the coating, not being fed by troughs but taking their
supply of melted metal from the plates passing between them.
In witness whereof I the said Edmund Morewood have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty seventh day of June in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.
RITY
MODHWAAR
EDMUND MOREWOOD
('q'T〕