Improvements in Steam Generators.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 1st May, 1891-Accepted, 6th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
1, BERNHARD STEIN, of 34 Elsasserstrasse, Berlin, German Empire, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is to construct a steam-generator, in which
the circulation is an extremely rapid one and the generating of steam as energetic.
This object is arrived at by combining two chests preferably made of wrought
iron by series of pipes bent to the shape of an U. The diameter of these pipes is
preferably small, so as to insure a perfect evaporization of the water running through
the length of the pipe. The two chests are standing vertically one above the other
and have no direct communication between each other except that of the U-shaped
pipes. An indirect communication however is arrived at in the following manner:
From the top of the upper chest there is a pipe for leading the steam off into a
steam-collecting cistern and near the lowest point of the lower chest a pipe connects
the latter with a sediment-collecting cistern. These two cisterns are again com-
bined by a pipe, thus completing the circuit and a perfect circulation of water and
generated steam may take place. The fire-grate is arranged below the lower leg
of the U-shaped pipe, thus permitting the direct blasts to circulate between these
first.
Then a horizontal fire-bridge separates the two chambers in which the two
legs of the U's are placed, guiding the blasts from the lower to the upper chamber,
thus following the shape of the pipes and arriving at the point, where the pipes
lead into the upper wrought iron chest. An aperture guides the now cooled down
blasts into the upmost chamber, wherein the steam-collecting cistern is built in,
thus allowing the blasts also to flow underneath this cistern, giving off here the last
heat, in order to some extent to superheat and dry the steam.
Inside of this steam-cistern there is an horizontal plate arranged over the entrance
of the steam to separate the water yet contained therein. This water returns into
the sediment-collecting cistern by the pipe connecting the two. The feed-water
also enters this lower cistern and rises into the lower chest by the pipes mentioned
above. From this lower chest the water enters the U-shaped pipes, wherein an
energetic vaporization takes place. The bubbles rise rapidly and force the com-
plete column of water and steam to circulate by giving off steam into the upper
cistern and forcing the water, separated thereof, to return to the lower cistern
again. In no other tubular boiler is there a similar compulsory circulation arrived
at and it may be particularly pointed out, that in boilers of similar design here-
untofore made use of, have the disadvantage of the two chests either being made in
one, or they have secondary connection-pipes besides those of the U-shape, laying
direct in the flues. In these elder systems the water line is drawn in the upper
chest, and the rising water will of course take its more convenient way, leaving the
other way more or less at rest; thereby the chances of explosion or at least of
disturbances in the working are very great. These drawbacks are not to be found
in the present invention.
Dated. Berlin, this 6th day of April 1891.
BERNHARD STEIN.
By Geo. Thos. Hyde,
4, Moorfields, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators.
I, BERNHARD STEIN, of 34 Elsasser Strassé, Berlin, N., Germany, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to tubular steam-boilers and the object of the same is to
.insure a rapid circulation and to obviate completely the chances of explosions
and disturbances in the working of the boiler, met with in boilers of similar
⚫construction.
These objects are arrived at by combining two chests standing vertically one
above the other by series of pipes bent to the shape of an U. No other direct
communication exists between these two chests; that, consisting of the upper and
lower cistern and the return-flow pipe being considered an indirect one, the water
rising from the lower chest to the upper one, inside of the U-shaped pipes and
returning by the said indirect communication has only one way of circulation.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawing,
in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the different views, and in
which:-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the boiler,
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a boiler having the complete system arranged
double, back to back,
Fig. 3 is a cross-section and
Fig. 4 is a plan of the last.
The two chests a and b, preferably made of wrought iron are arranged vertically
one above the other and are connected to each other by the pipes » being bent to
the shape of an U. The two chests a and b do not stand in direct communication,
but an indirect communication is arrived at in the following manner: From the
top of the upper chest the pipes lead the steam off into a steam-collecting
cistern d, and near the lowest point of the lower chest a the pipes o lead into the
sediment-collecting cistern s. These two cisterns are in themselves connected by a
pipe m,
thus completing the circuit, and a perfect circulation of water and generated
..steam may take place. The fire-grate f is arranged underneath the lowest parts of
the pipes, thus permitting the direct blasts to circulate firstly between the lower
legs of the U-shaped tubes . A fire-bridge separates the two chambers, in
which the two legs of the U-shaped tubes are placed, guiding the blasts from the
lower to the upper chamber, thus following the shape of the pipes, and arriving at
the point, where the pipes lead into the upper chest b, an aperture guides the blasts
(now somewhat cooled) down into the upmost chamber or flue, wherein the steam-
collecting cistern is built in, thus forcing the blasts to flow also underneath this
cistern, here giving off the last heat, in order to some extent to superheat and dry
the steam.
Inside of the steam-cistern d there is a horizontal plate arranged over the
entrance of the steam, to separate the water yet contained therein. This water
returns into the sediment-collecting cisterns by the pipe connecting the two:
The feed-water also enters this lower cistern by the pipe p and rises into the
lower chest by the pipes o mentioned above. From this chest a tlie water enters
the U-shaped pipes, wherein an energetic evaporation takes place. Neither of
the legs of the tubes are quite horizontal, but somewhat on an incline, therefore
the bubbles rise rapidly and force the complete column of water and generated
steam to circulate, by giving off steam into the upper cistern d and forcing the
water separated therefrom to return to the lower cisterns again. In no other
tubular boiler is there a similar compulsory circulation arrived at, and I point out,
that boilers of similar design, hitherto made use of, have the disadvantage of the

page_text: two chests either being made in one, or they have secondary connection-pipes, besides
those of the U-shape, laying direct in the flues. In these systems the water level
is in the upper chest and the rising water will of course take its more convenient
way, leaving the other one more or less idle, thereby however, creating chances of
explosion or at least of frequent disturbances in the working of the boiler. Dangers
of this kind are not met with in steam-generators constructed according to my
present invention.
In the boiler illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 & 4 the direction of the blasts will, in com-
parison to that of the water, differ from that, where only one system is employed
as in Fig. 1. The arrows indicate the direction of the blasts, which are guided by
the plates g g and g³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
A steam-generator, consisting of two separate chests (a b) one above the other,
standing in direct communication with another by pipes (r) bent to the shape of
an U, in combination with a steam-collecting cistern (d) arranged horizontally over
the pipes, connected to the top of the upper chest by the pipe (n) and to the bottom
of the lower chest by the pipe (m), thus completing a circuit as for the purpose set
forth.
Dad 011
1 1001
BERNHARD STEIN.
By Geo. Thos. Hyde,
4, Moorfields, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.