IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOSEPH BENJAMEN ADAMS of 4 Cable Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND LIKE PURPOSES to be as
follows:-
"
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in apparatus for drilling
and like purposes, such apparatus being generally known as "ratchet braces" and
the improvements consist essentially in providing means whereby such "braces
are given a continuous action through a single lever, in contradistinction to the
intermittent action obtained through a single lever in ratchet and like operating
braces, as ordinarily used.
I effect the continuous action of the brace through a single lever by a system of
duplicate pawls and spur wheels which are geared and coupled together and work
in opposite directions.
A drill ratchet brace constructed according to my Invention consists as follows
The brace is provided with the ordinary back centre and feeding up device and the
handle, or lever is provided with a pawl which may work in a ratchet wheel in the
usual manner. On, or in connection with this ratchet wheel, I provide a spur
wheel, which works with the ratchet wheel and gears into a second spur wheel
mounted on a journal in connection with the "brace." On this second spur wheel,
or in connection therewith, I provide a second ratchet wheel, which is operated
by a pawl, the pawl being coupled to and worked from the handle, or lever.
A supplementary back centre, or holding device is provided to prevent the
apparatus from turning.
In operation, the lever, or handle when pushed in one direction causes the drill
to make a partial revolution through the action of its primary pawl and ratchet
wheel. During this action through the spur wheels the second pawl will have
been forced back and caused to slide backwards over its ratchet wheel, and thus
its movement is non-effective The lever, or handle is then drawn, or pushed back
in the opposite direction and the second pawl gears with its ratchet wheel and so
turns the second spur wheel which being in gear with the primary spur wheel

page_text: gives the brace a further partial revolution. During this operation the primary
pawl will have been caused to slide over the teeth of its ratchet wheel, and hence
its movement is non-effective. The primary pawl will then be in position for
operation and the movement as above set forth is repeated. Thus an effective
movement of the tool in the "brace" is obtained for each movement of the lever,
or handle, namely the tool is given a partial rotation by the forward movement
of the handle and a further partial rotation by the backward movement of the
handle.

page_text: I JOSEPH BENJAMEN ADAMS of 4 Cable Street, Liverpool, in the County, of
Lancaster, Mechanic do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRILLING AND LIKE PURPOSES and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained,
in and by the following statement :—
This Invention has for its object certain improvements in apparatus for drilling
and like purposes, such apparatus being generally known as "ratchet braces" and
the improvements consist essentially in providing means whereby such "braces"
are given a continuous action through a single lever, in contradistinction to the
intermittent action obtained through a single lever in ratchet and like operating
braces, as ordinarily used.
I effect the continuous action of the brace through a single lever by a system of
duplicate pawls and spur wheels which are geared and coupled together and work,
in opposite directions.
A drill ratchet brace constructed according to my Invention consists as follows.
The brace is provided with the ordinary back centre and feeding up device and the
handle, or lever is provided with a pawl which may work in a ratchet wheel in
the usual manner. On, or in connection with this ratchet wheel, I provide a spur
wheel which works with the ratchet wheel and gears into a second spur wheel
mounted on a journal in connection with the "brace." On this second spur wheel,
or in connection therewith, I provide a second ratchet wheel, which is operated
by a pawl, the pawl being coupled to and worked from the handle, or lever.
A supplementary back centre, or holding device is provided to prevent the
apparatus from turning.
In operation, the lever, or handle when pushed in one direction causes the drill
to make a partial revolution through the action of its primary pawl and ratchet
wheel. During this action through the spur wheels the second pawl will have
been forced back and caused to slide backwards over its ratchet wheel and thus its
movement is non effective The lever, or handle is thus drawn, or pushed back in
the opposite direction and the second pawl gears with its ratchet wheel and so
turns the second spur wheel, which being in gear with the primary spur wheel
gives the brace a further partial revolution. During this operation the primary
pawl will have been caused to slide over the teeth of its ratchet wheel and hence
its movement is non effective. The primary pawl will then be in position for.
operation and the movement as above set forth is repeated. Thus an effective.
movement of the tool in the "brace" is obtained for each movement of the lever,
or handle, namely the tool is given a partial revolution by the forward movement
of the handle and a further partial rotation by the backward movement of the
handle.
The beforegoing being the nature object and purposes of my Invention, I will
now proceed to describe more in detail how the same may be carried out into
practical effect, reference being had to the accompanying sheet of Drawings and to

page_text: the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, like letters and figures being
used to denote the same, or corresponding parts throughout the various views and
figures.
HD Down
0

page_text: from turning. t, u, are washers for keeping the. parts together and they are
attached by small screws.
Instead of using the two feeding up screws, a single feeding up screw gmay be
used as shown at Figure 4. In this case the secondary journal j is turned down
at the end and slides in the cap, or hollow part of the back centre q which is
attached by the guide q¹ to the back centre f so that the two back centres f and q
are always kept in the same position, while the tool holder a and journal jare fed
forward.
Instead of using two back centres f and q, as shown at Figures 2 and 4, a
holder'q may be substituted for the back centre q as shown at Figures 8. 9 and 10.
In this case the back centre f works on the arm q' and the holder q passes through
the journal which is made hollow for that purpose. I find in practice that this
arrangement is the simplest and best when using a single drill. In cases where
more than one drill is required, the apparatus may be arranged for two drills as
shown in Figure 11, or as shown in Figure 12, namely the journal j is constructed
to hold a drill in manner similar to the tool holder a, and the back centre q slides
in the journal j, the guide q¹ being fixed to the back centre f. The arrangement
shown at Figure 12, also provides for two drills, or a drill and a holder q². In this
case the back centres fand q are provided with the toothed wheels q¹ and the
centres f and q are hollow and are provided with female screws so that the
holder the end of which is screwed will fit either into the back centre for
the back centre q, and the feeding up can be accomplished by turning either of the
wheels q', the holder q2 being held against such turning. The arrangement
illustrated at Figures 13 and 14 shows how the arrangement shown at Figure 12
can be carried out in triplicate by the addition of a third journal ¹ toothed wheel /*
and back centre q³; the geared wheels q¹ are in this case arranged in triplicate as
shown at Figure 13.
In the example shown at Figures 1, 2 and 3, the toothed wheels bare used as
the motion wheels operated by the pawls d n, but in some cases I prefer to let the
pawls d n work onto side wheels b₁ 11, the teeth of which wheels are formed as
ordinary ratchet teeth. A convenient form of the arrangement is shown in
Figures 5. 6 and 7 in which bare the side wheels with ratchet teeth, the
wheels 6' being keyed together with the toothed wheel b on the tool holder a and
the wheels being fastened to, or made part of the toothed wheel and running
with the toothed wheel loose on the secondary spindle j. The pawls d are in
duplicate one on each side of the wheel b and the pawls n are in duplicate one on
each side of the wheel l.
From the beforegoing it will be seen that in operation the continuous action of
the drilling apparatus is effected through the single lever c by the system of
duplicate wheels bland duplicate pawls d n, namely the pawl d moves the wheel' b
and the tool holder a on the forward stroke of the handle c and the pawl n moves
the wheel and through the wheel & moves the wheel band the tool holder a on
the backward stroke of the lever handle c thus the tool holder a receives movement
on both the forward and backward stroke of the lever handle c. It will also be
seen that the drilling apparatus can be arranged to carry and work two drills, and
that by the addition of a third wheel shown in Figures 13 and 14 it can be
arranged to work three drills.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First In drilling apparatus of the type herein described the combination of
mechanism for holding and preventing the apparatus from turning substantially as
set forth.
Second The construction of apparatus as set forth with reference to Figures 1, 2,
and 3 of the Drawings.

page_text: Third The construction of apparatus as set forth with reference to Figure 4 of
the Drawings.
Fourth The construction of apparatus as set forth with reference to Figures 5. 6
and 7 of the Drawings.
Fifth The construction of apparatus as set forth with reference to Figures 8. 9
and 10 of the Drawings.
Sixth The construction of apparatus as set forth with reference to Figure 11 of
the Drawings.
Seventh The construction of apparatus as set forth with reference to Figure 12
of the Drawings.
Eighth The construction of .apparatus as set forth with reference to Figures 13
and 14 of the Drawings.