IMPROVEMENTS TO MANHINERY FOR RAISING AND STAMPING METAL."
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
TO MANHINERY FOR RAISING AND STAMPING METAL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel Joseph Fleetwood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th May 1866.
I, DANIEL JOSEPH FLEETWOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
5 Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND STAMPING METAL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements upon and additions
to a former Invention of mine for the same purpose and bearing the
same title, for which Her Majesty's Letters Patent, dated the 15th December,
A.D. 1859, (No. 2859), have been granted to me. The Specification of
that Invention describes a combination of machinery by which hydraulic or
other pressure power is applied to the upper and lower dies, or either of them,
whilst a pulsative power is applied simultaneously to certain parts of the metal
under operation.
My present improvements consist in employing a hammer worked by steam,
air, or other fluid so arranged that the hammer passes through the ram of

page_text: the upper hydraulic press, whilst the plunger or forcer of that press passes
through the hammer, thus forming a telescopic arrangement of the parts.
The cylinder of the hammer is fixed in suitable bearings or framing above the
upper hydraulic ram. The hammer is arranged to make as short a stroke as
possible, and I employ a removeable anvil block, which is moved from time to
time as hereafter described, this anvil block is of an annular form in plan,
and in which is formed part of my lower die. The plunger or forcer of the
ram of the lower hydraulic press works upwards, whilst the plunger or forcer
of the ram of the upper hydraulic press works downwards; the upper part of
the lower forcer works within the anvil block and forms part of the lower die.
In making vessels which are other than parallel sided the part of the lower
die which is formed or fixed npon the lower forcer is brought up at the
commencement of the operation level with the upper surface of the anvil
block, in order to diminish as far as possible the unsupported bearing of the
metal. In order to form that part of the vessel or shape the contour of which is
contained in the part of the lower die formed or fixed upon the lower forcer
that part of the upper forcer which corresponds with the part of the die on
the lower forcer comes into action and forces the metal into that part of the
lower die, whilst the outer part of the metal receives continuous blows from
the hammer. So soon as this part of the vessel is formed in the part of the die
at the upper end of the lower forcer, that forcer being arranged to yield to
the greater power of the upper one, the upper forcer will take down the
metal together with the lower forcer, and thus complete the formation of the
vessel within the other part of the lower die which is formed within and
carried by the anvil block. In certain cases it is desirable to employ an
annular swage or loose hammer face on which is formed part or parts of the
contour of the lower die, this swage (or loose face of the hammer) lies upon
the sheet metal on the anvil block and receives the blows direct from the
hammer. The forcer of the upper hydraulic ram works through the swage
or loose hammer face, and the shape of the centre part of the vessel is formed
between the forcers and the parts beyond by the impact of the hammer
acting on the swage or loose hammer face. The object of this arrangement
of the tools is to save several operations and annealings in the course of the
manufacture. In making vessels which from their shape it would be difficult
to release from the part of the lower die which is carried by the anvil block I
employ a removeable split steel ring or collar slightly tapered on its outer
periphery and fitting easily into a rebate sunk round the top of the inside of
such part of the lower die, the effect of which is that when the vessel is formed
the forcer of the upper ram takes up the vessel with it out of the lower die,

page_text: the split steel ring falling back into its seating, and the vessel can be released
from the upper forcer by allowing the hammer to descend sufficiently to throw
it off. To remove a vessel from the anvil block when finished it becomes
necessary to withdraw the anvil block and also the swage or loose hammer
face from beneath the hammer; for this purpose the anvil block and the swage
are both fitted with arms, a double tramway is also formed on either side of
the machine; a portion of each of these double tramways is free to move and
is fitted to the plunger of a small hydraulic press on either side. By means
of bydraulic pressure applied beneath these parts of the double tramways
they are raised at will to the level of the fixed parts of these tramways, there
are carriages or runners to receive the arms on the swage or loose hammer
face, and other carriages to receive the arms of the anvil block. By this
arrangement the operator can draw the swage or loose hammer face and the
anvil block towards him and afterwards replace them in position with ease, or
if two operators be employed they may be opposite to each other and work
the machine réciprocally.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Daniel Joseph Fleetwood in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th November 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,. DANIEL
JOSEPH FLEETWOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,.
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters-
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said.
Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, Her special license that I, the said Daniel Joseph.
Fleetwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, my executors, administrators, and assigns
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
nake, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN. MACHINERY FOR RAISING AND. STAMPING METAL," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, by
an-instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe

page_text: and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object certain improvements upon and additions
to a former Invention of mine for the same purpose and bearing the same
title, for which Her Majesty's Letters Patent dated the Fifteenth December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, have been
granted to me. The Specification of that Invention describes a combination of
machinery by which hydraulic or other pressure power is applied to the upper
and lower dies, or either of them, whilst a pulsative power is applied simul-
taneously to certain parts of the metal under operation.
My present improvements consist in employing a hammer worked by steam,
air, or other fluid so arranged that the hammer passes through the ram of
the upper bydraulic press, whilst the plunger or forcer of that press passes
through the hammer, thus forming a telescopic arrangement of the parts. The
cylinder of the bammer is fixed in suitable bearings or framings above the
upper hydraulic ram. The hammer is arranged to make as short a stroke as
possible, and I employ a removable anvil block, which is moved from time to
time as hereafter described. This anvil block is of an annular form in plan,
and in which is formed part of my lower die. The plunger or forcer of the
ram of the lower bydraulic press works upwards, whilst the plunger or forcer
of the ram of the upper hydraulic press works downwards. The upper part
of the lower forcer works within the anvil block and forms part of the lower
die. In making vessels which are other than parallel-sided the part of the
lower die which formed or fixed upon the lower forcer is brought up at the
commencement of the operation level with the upper surface of the anvil
block, in order to diminish as far as possible the unsupported bearing of the
metal, In order to form that part of the vessel or shape, the contour of
which is contained in the part of the lower die formed or fixed upon the lower
forcer, that part of the upper forcer which corresponds with the part of the
die on the lower forcer comes into action and forces the metal into that part
of the lower die, whilst the outer part of the metal receives continuously blows
from the hammer. . So soon as this part of the vessel is formed in the part of

page_text: the die at the upper end of the lower forcer (that forcer being arranged to
yield to the greater power of the upper one) the upper forcer will take down
the metal together with the lower forcer, and thus complete the formation of
the vessel within the other part of the lower die which is formed within and
is carried by the anvil block. In certain cases it is desirable to employ an
annular swage or loose hammer face on which is formed part or parts of the
contour of the lower die; this swage or loose face of the hammer lies upon
the sheet metal on the anvil block and receives the blows direct from the
hammer. The forcer of the upper hydraulic ram works through the swage
or loose hammer face, and the shape of the centre part of the vessel is formed
between the forcers and the parts beyond by the impact of the hammer acting
on the swage or loose hammer face. The object of this arrangement of the
tools is to save several operations and annealings in the course of the
manufacture. In making vessels which from their shape it would be difficult
to release from the part of the lower die which is carried by the anvil block I
employ a removable split steel ring or collar slightly tapered on its outer
periphery and fitting easily into a rebate sunk round the top of the inside of
such part of the lower die, the effect of which is that when the vessel is formed
the forcer of the upper ram takes up the vessel with it out of the lower die,
the split steel ring falling back into its seating, and the vessel can be released
from the upper forcer by allowing the hammer to descend sufficiently to throw
it off. To remove a vessel from the anvil block when finished it becomes
necessary to withdraw the anvil block and also the swage or loose hammer
face from beneath the hammer. For this purpose the anvil block and the
swage are both fitted with arms; a double tramway is also formed on either
side of the machine; a portion of each of these double tramways is free to
move and is fitted to the plunger of a small hydraulic press on either side.
By means of hydraulic pressure or, if preferred, by other suitable mechanical
means applied to these parts of the double tramways they are raised at will
to the level of the fixed parts of the tramways. There are carriages or runners
to receive the arms on the swage or loose hammer face, and other carriages
to receive the arms of the anvil block. By this arrangement the operator can
draw the swage or loose hammer face and the anvil block towards him and
afterwards replace them in position with ease, or if two operators be employed
they may be opposite to each other and work the machine reciprocally.

page_text: and Figure 4 a vertical section. In all these views the several parts are in
the positions which they assume when at rest.
(a) is the hammer block of a steam hammer, the rod of which (a¹) is
connected to or forms part of a piston rod working within the steam cylinder
(b); (c) is a casting formed with four arms resting upon the corresponding
columns (d), which columns support the whole of the superincumbent parts
of the machine; the casting (c) is formed centrally into a hollow cylinder to
receive the upper bydraulic ram; (e) is an hydraulic cylinder with a collar (e¹)
formed upon its waist, thus producing differential areas within the gun-metal
casing (f). The cylinder (e) being hollow the steam hammer rod (a¹) passes
through it; and this hammer rod (a¹) being forked admits the forcer (g) to
work within and through the hammer rod (a¹). This forcer (9) is connected
to the cylinder by a through piece (h) secured to the under side of the
cylinder (e); this through piece (h) is tapped centrally to admit the upper
end of the forcer (9), and thus a connection is effected between the cylinder
(e) and forcer (9), and a telescopic action of the parts provided. (i) is the
lower hydraulic ram working within the cylinder (k), which cylinder is
received into a recess formed both in the bed and block of the machine (2)
and in the casting (m), which is secured by set pins to the under side of the
bed plate; (n) is the anvil block or die of an annular form as shewn in the
section, and in order to ensure accuracy in its position, a portion of the
block (7) is countersunk to receive the anvil block (n). This anvil block or
die may be removed when desired by means of two hydraulic lifts (o), one on
each side of the machine as shewn, which lifts support and raise (when
'pressure is applied) a portion of the guide or tramways (p), the rollers (1),
and the bracket piece (r); and when the parts are raised to a sufficient level
the brackets (r) will receive the arms (s) of the anvil (n), and raising the
anvil out of its seat in the block (1) will admit of its removal by the handle
(t) along the tramway (p). (u) is a cranked lever handle secured by a clip
to one of the standards (d), and is for the purpose of regulating the supply of
steam to the hammer cylinder (6); (v) is a pipe which conveys away the
overflow from the top of the upper ram, the letters (w) represent the various
valves employed in imparting power to the upper and lower rams and the side
hydraulic lifts through the tubes as shewn. (x) is the regulating weight
sliding upon a graduated horizontal bar (¹), for the purpose of governing the
amount of pressure required on the lower ram to enable it to resist the upper
ram. The remaining parts seen in the Drawings refer to well-known opera-
tions in actuating steam hammers and hydraulic rams and lifts; any further
description of such parts is therefore unnecessary, and I would merely state in

page_text: conclusion that the peculiarity of my Invention consists in combining
machinery as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Joseph Fleetwood, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
DANIEL JOSEPH FLEETWOOD. (L.S.)