AN IMPROVED MILL AND APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING BONES, GRAIN, AND OTHER COMPOUNDS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Masta Joscelin Cooke at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd June 1853.
I, MASTA JOSCELIN COOKE, of the Tyne Manure and Chemical
Works, Glass House Quay, Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the Town and
County of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MILL AND APPARATUS
FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING BONES, GRAIN, AND OTHER COMPOUNDS," to be
as follows:
This mill is intended to crush bones, beans, and any other compound
required to be reduced to a crushed or powdered state. Figure 1,
shews a ground plan; Figure 2, shews a section taken at the line A, B;
Figure 3, shews a section taken at the line C, D. Similar letters shew
similar parts in all the Figures. The chief peculiarity in this mill, and
what I consider an improvement over others hitherto made, is the

page_text: arrangement of the cutters of the mill. This mill in crushing or
grinding has a double action; viz., an horizontal one and a conical
one. When a substance is put into the mill at the entrance h, o, it
falls upon the horizontal cutter plate d, and is, by the motion of the
mill, carried against the throat entrance b, b; and as the cutter plate d
in its revolution travels close under the throat entrance cutter b, b,
it follows that any substance on the plate d, is instantly crushed
down to whatever space the cutter plate d, is from the under side
of the throat entrance cutter b, b, which is attached to the top plate
a, a, of the mill by screws. In Figure 2, is shewn attached to a, a,
another cutter, marked h, a plan of which is shewn at Figure 4.
The cutter plate d, a plan of which is shewn at Figure 5, with the
raised cutters upon it, travels also under the cutter plate h. The
grooves in the cutter plate h, are so arranged that when the mill,
by its centrifugal force, drives the substance being ground, after it
has passed the first rough crushing at the throat entrance cutter b, b,
against them, they further reduce it, and ultimately it falls down on the
male conical cutter e, e, between which and the female conical cutter
ff, it is ultimately reduced to powder or small pieces, according to the
set of the mill. It then passes out of the mill by the exit spout, as
shewn by the arrows. Figures 6, and 7, shew the way in which the
grooves are cut in these male and female cones. Now, I am well aware
that mills have hitherto been constructed in somewhat similar form, so
far as the bed plate, pillars, cutablature, pulleys, covering, throat cutter,
and entrance plate of the mill are concerned. This is particularly the
case in certain mills manufactured by Mess Crosskill and Company,
of Beverley. In their mills, however, they have two plates, one some-
what similar though not identical in form to the plate d, which works
loose in a chuck plate against another moveable plate that is hung to
the top cover of their mills, and which upper plate works with an
eccentric kind of movement, aided by certain friction rollers contained
in its top. To this top plate of their mills, and to the friction rollers
and peculiar movement, there is in practical use great objections, and
they require the greatest care to keep them from getting nearly red hot,
from sticking altogether, and from clogging, in case the substance

page_text: being ground is of a very fine or powdery nature. In these mills all
friction rollers are dispensed with; a simple journal a', carries the top
end of the spindle c, c, which if well oiled has little or no friction, and
will never heat. The movement of the cutter plate d, is yet made to
work horizontally, and instead of depending on a moveable horizontal
plate attached by complicated connexions to a cover somewhat similar
to a, a, to reduce the material ground to powder, this mill first roughly
crushes the substance by the plate d, against the fixed throat entrance
cutter b, b, and afterwards, by means of the cutter h, and the cones e, e,
and ff, it is ultimately reduced to powder or into a fine state. In
Mess's Crosskill and Company's mills their throat entrance is move-
able; in these mills they are fixed, or they can be made moveable, if
required. There is, therefore, nothing I consider new in any part of
these arrangements other than I have stated, excepting that the
lever *, with the weight i, acts by means of the connecting apparatus
j, k,j, y, y, and z, by counter movement on the bar 7, and so on the
spindle c, c, for raising and lowering the cutters, instead of by direct
action, as in their mills; this makes the mills in this construction
more compact, and prevents danger to the workmen by the flying
up of the lever when metal gets into the mill. Any one acquainted
with the manufacture of machinery may arrange the shape of these
last-named portions of the mill; that is, the bed plate u, pillars n,
entablature g, pulleys 2, covers 3, and throat entrance cutter b, b, in
various ways and in various shapes. 1 consider, therefore, these have
nothing whatever to do with the improvements I claim in this mill.
It will also be seen that the cutters d, b, b, h, e, e, and fif, can be made
in various forms, so far as the cutting portions of them are concerned;
and instead of being made straight, diagonal, and circular, as shown in
these Drawings, that they be made pointed or swerved, and otherwise
altered. The conical cutters e, e, and f, f, can be made to work
inverted or upside down to the shape shewn in the Drawings; and
these cutters can be made of cast iron, case-hardened or otherwise, or,
steel, according to the work they are required to do; cast iron, case-
hardened, answers, however, for any ordinary purposes. The lower
cutter e, e, may also be made of stone, as also the cutter f, f.

page_text: I have shewn these cutters in the form set out because I have
hitherto found they are the best form in which to have them, but I do
not confine myself to the precise form of them.