and in calcining carbonates of soda and potash
Year: 1875

page_text: the said Invention the words "and in calcining carbonates of soda and
potash;" and by striking out from the said Specification the same words
occuring at page 8, lines 7 and 8 of the Specification, as it is printed by
Her Majesty's Printers; also by striking out from it the paragraph
commencing at page 4, line 6, with the words "the same" down to and i
including the words "white ash" in line 9 on the same page; also by
striking out the paragraph on page 5 commencing at line 8 with the
words"
we employ" down to and including the words "white ash" in
line 10; also by striking out the paragraphs on the same page com-
mencing at line 15 with the words "we also claim" down to and
including the words "the annexed Drawings" in line 20.
" TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM ]
"JONES and JOHN WALSH, both of Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in the County
"of York, send greeting.
"
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
"Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year
" of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the 1
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Jones and John
Walsh, Her special license that we, the said William Jones and John
"Walsh, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
" WC, the said William Jones and John Walsh, our executors, admini- ¡
"strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
" from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
"expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
"within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
" Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND POTASH," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said William Jones and John Walsh,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us
or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
"
"
65
"

page_text: "said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
" and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
"six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
"Letters Patent.
66
" NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Jones and John Walsh,
"do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
“ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to
6 say:-
"
E
"In the process now generally employed for the manufacture of
sulphates of soda and potash a charge of chloride of sodium or chloride
"of potassium is put into a metal decomposing pot, and when the
requisite quantity of sulphuric acid has been added thereto is boiled
" by fire heat applied underneath, and when brought to the required
consistency is afterwards transferred by manual labour into a rever-
"beratory furnace, where it is stirred about and worked by hand by
"means of long iron paddles until the resulting sulphates are sufficiently
"calcined.
66
"According to our Invention we put the charge of chlorides, &c.
"into a flat-bottomed circular metal pan, which forms the bed of a
“ furnace, and on this same metal pan we decompose and calcine the
¨“sulphates until they are finished at one operation. Above the bed are
" blades or paddles and rakes carried by a central axis, which at its
" lower end rests on a foot step at the centre of the pan, and rises up
"through the centre of the roof or arch of the furnace in order that it
may be caused to revolve by suitable driving gear.
66
“The process is conducted in the following manner :-Having added
"the usual proportion of sulphuric acid to the chlorides in the pan the
"rotating arms are set in motion until the whole charge is thoroughly
"intermixed. A damper is then gradually raised to allow heat from a
"fire-place to pass over the surface of the charge in the pan, and the
"heat is continued until the process of calcination is thoroughly com-
"pleted, the whole of the operations of decomposing and calcining being
"under the control of the attendant from first to last.
“In order that our said Invention may be most fully understood and

page_text: "
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, Figure 2 is a transverse section,
"and Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the furnace and apparatus we i
" employ.
65
"
"
66
a, a, is a shallow cast-iron pan, say, about 14 feet in diameter; it
"rests on a bed of brickwork, and a wall is built around it which
supports an arched roof. On one side of the pan is the fire-place b,
"the heat and flame from which pass by the openings 6¹, b', over the
pan to the openings c³, c², leading into the fluo c which communicates
"with a chimney. The openings 6' and c¹ are provided with dampers;
"d, d, are the doors for introducing and removing the materials; e is
a step in the centre of the pan, receiving the lower end of the vertical
"axis f, which is capable of being rotated by bevilled gear, as is shown.
Upon the axis f are four strong arms carrying scrapers and rakes,
"which are so arranged as to turn over and mix together the whole
"of the materials on the bed of the pan. g is an outlet, by which a
portion of the gases liberated may be taken off if desired and con-
“ducted into a Wolfe's apparatus, whereby hydrochloric acid of high
strength may be obtained. The charge of a furnace of this size is
"about 2 tons of chloride, say, common salt; it is shovelled into the
"furnace immediately the previous charge has been drawn, and the
"usual proportion of sulphuric acid (which should be made hot
"previously) is gradually run upon it. The fire may be moderated
by means of the dampers during this operation, and whilst the
decomposition is proceeding, but we find in practice that it is not
necessary to shut off the fire heat during any part of the operation.
"
6
"
66
"
ba
A
"The whole process of decomposing and calcining, including charging
"and discharging, will be found to occupy about 5 to 6 hours, so that
"four charges can conveniently worked in the day. A short time
"before drawing the charge a sample may be taken, and after the
" examination of the sample a further small quantity of sulphuric acid
or salt may be added if found desirable.
16

page_text: "Great saving of labour will be found to result from the use of this
method and apparatus for decomposing and calcining.
"We claim the method of manufacturing sulphates of soda and
'potash by conducting the calcination and the decomposition in the
same vessel, which is heated by a furnace and provided with an agitator,
substantially as described."
In witness whereof, we, the said William Jones and John Walsh,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named William
15 Jones and John Walsh to file in the Great Scal Patent Office, with the
Specification to which the same relates, tho above-written Disclaimer
and Memorandum of Alteration.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jones and John Walsh, both of
Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in the County of York, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND POTASH,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jones and
John Walsh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st May 1875.
We, WILLIAM JONES and JOHN WALSH, both of Middlesbro'-on-Tees,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND
POTASH, AND IN CALCINING CARBONATES OF SODA AND POTASH," to be as
follows:-
-
In the process now generally employed for the manufacture of
sulphates of soda and potash, a charge of chloride of sodium or chloride
of potassium is put into a metal decomposing pot, and when the requisite
quantity of sulphuric acid has been added thereto is boiled by fire heat
applied underneath, and when brought to the required consistency is

page_text: afterwards transferred by manual labour into a reverberatory furnace,
where it is stirred about and worked by hand by means of long iron
paddles until the resulting sulphates are sufficiently calcined.
According to our Invention we put the charge of chlorides, &c., into
a flat bottomed circular metal pan which forms the bed of a furnace,
and on this same metal pan wo decompose and calcine the sulphates
until they are finished at one operation. Above the bed are blades or
paddles and rakes carried by a central axis, which at its lower end rests
on a footstep at the centre of the pan and rises up through the centre of
the roof or arch of the furnace in order that it may be caused to revolve
by suitable driving gear.
The process is conducted in the following manner:-Having added
the usual proportion of sulphuric acid to the chlorides in the pan, the
rotating arms are set in motion until the whole chargo is thoroughly
intermixed. A damper is then gradually raised to allow heat from a
fire-place to pass over the surface of the charge in the pan, and the heat
is continued until the process of calcination is thoroughly completed, the
whole of the operations of decomposing and calcining being under the
control of the attendant from first to last. The same arrangement of
pan with rotating arms and with similar furnace arrangements is also
applicable to the processes of calcining carbonatos of soda and potash, or
making "soda ash" and "white ash.”
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Jones and John Walsh, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 20th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
JONES and JOHN WALSH, both of Middlesbro'-on-Tees, in the County of
York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of May, in the year 8
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Jones and John
Walsh, Her special license, that we, the said William Jones and John
Walsh, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 8

page_text: we, the said William Jones and John Walsh, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SULPHATES OF SODA AND POTASH, AND IN CALCINING CARBONATES OF
SODA AND POTASH," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
William Jones and John Walsh, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the
hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar months next and imme-
3diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Jones and John Walsh,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
In the process now generally employed for the manufacture of sulphates
of soda and potash, a charge of chloride of sodium or chloride of potassium
is put into a metal decomposing pot, and when the requisite quantity of
sulphuric acid has been added thereto is boiled by fire heat applied
underneath, and when brought to the required consistency is afterwards
transferred by manual labour into a reverberatory furnace, where it is
stirred about and worked by hand by means of long iron paddles until
the resulting sulphates are sufficiently calcined.
According to our Invention we put the charge of chlorides, &c., into
a flat bottomed circular metal pan which forms the bed of a furnace,
) and on this same metal pan wo decompose and calcine the sulphates
until they are finished at one operation. Above the bed are blades or
paddles and rakes carried by a central axis which at its lower end rests
on a footstep at the centre of the pan and rises up through the centre of
the roof or arch of the furnace in order that it may be caused to revolve
5 by suitable driving gear.
The neness is conducted in the following manner:—Having added

page_text: rotating arms are set in motion until the whole charge is thoroughly
intermixed. A. damper is then gradually raised to allow heat from a
firo-place to pass over the surface of the charge in the pan, and the heat
is continued until the process of calcination is thoroughly completed,
the whole of the operations of decomposing and calcining being under
the control of the attendant from first to last. The same arrangement
of pan with rotating arms and with similar furnace arrangements is also
applicable to the processes of calcining carbonates of soda and potash, or
making “soda ash” and “ white ash,”
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section; Figure 2 is a transverse section;
and Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the furnace and apparatus we ]
employ.
a, a, is a shallow cast-iron pan, say about 14 feet in diameter, it rests
on a bed of brickwork, and a wall is built around it which supports an
arched roof. On one side of the pan is the fire-place 6, the heat and
flame from which pass by the openings 6', 6', over the pan to the 2
openings c³, c³, leading into the flue c which communicates with a
chimney; the openings 6' and c¹ are provided with dampers. d, d, are
the doors for introducing and removing the materials; e is a step in the
centre of the pan receiving the lower end of the vertical axis f, which is
capable of being rotated by bevilled gear, as is shown. Upon the axis ƒ 2
are four strong arms carrying scrapers and rakes, which are so arranged
as to turn over and mix together the whole of the materials on the bed
of the pan. 7 is an outlet by which a portion of the gases liberated
may be taken off, if desired, and conducted into a Wolfe's apparatus,
whereby hydrochloric acid of high strength may be obtained. The 8
charge of a furnace of this size is about 2 tons of chloride, say common
salt; it is shovelled into the furnace immediately the previous charge has
been drawn, and the usual proportion of sulphuric acid (which should
be made hot previously) is gradually run upon it. The fire may be
moderated by means of the dampers during this operation, and whilst 8
the decomposition is procceding, but we find in practice that it is not
necessary to shut off the fire heat during any part of the operation.