A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF MACHINERY FOR TORATING DATE TV ARTED TO OBTAIN CERTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Polson, of Paisley, in the County of
Renfrew, North Britain, of the Firm of Brown & Polson, for the
Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF MACHINERY FOR
TORATING DATE TV ARTED TO OBTAIN CERTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM.
"
Scaled the 3rd May 1870, and dated the 12th March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Polson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1870.
I, JOHN POLSON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
of the Firm of Brown & Polson, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF MACHINERY FOR
TREATING GRAIN IN ORDER TO OBTAIN CERTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the special application of certain machinery

page_text: After the grain from which the "pearlina" is to be obtained has been
desiccated, moistened, and hulled in a hulling machine composed of a
cylinder or case covered with perforated iron or steel revolving inside a
similar casing, it is then further cleaned and separated from any
adhering husk by passing it through a separating and brushing machine,
and then coarsely ground. The separator consists of a framing, in the
upper part of which two or more sieves are placed; the portion of the
coarsely ground grain which passes through the sieves is discharged by a
spout on to a series of inclined planes in communication with a fan or
other exhauster. As the ground material passes over or through the
inclined planes the exhausting action of the fan draws off the fine and
lighter portions, whilst the heavier portions descend in succession through
the inclined planes, and are ultimately gathered in a spout or duct, the
lighter portions passing off through a separate spout or duct.
The brushing machine consists of a wire gauze cylinder or casing
placed at an angle or horizontally, in the interior of which a drum or
cylinder with brushes attached revolves. The effect of the brushing
action on the portions of the grain passed through the said machine is to
still further separate any flour which is brushed through the wire gauze,
or finely ground portions; and as these are discharged at the lower end of
the cylinder or casing they are acted upon by a fan or exhauster, which
drives or draws off the fine portions separated by the brushes. After this
last operation has been effected the product is again passed through a
separator constructed similarly to that herein-before described.
Another brushing machine employed under this Invention consists of a
series of brushes placed around an axis and revolved in a casing in which
several inclined bars are placed; as the brushes revolve the material being
brushed is thrown against the said bars, and thus caused to advance
through the said machine; ducts are also provided. for admitting the
material to be brushed and for passing it off when brushed and the parts
separated.
As constituting this Invention and as novel and original it is intended
to claim, the employment of machinery as herein-before described in the
manufacture or obtainment of the product known as "pearlina" or any
similar product.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Polson in the Great Scal Patent Office on the
10th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
POLSON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, of the
Firm of Brown & Polson, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her;
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the 33rd
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Polson, Her special license that I, the
said John Polson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said John Polson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLICATION OF MACHINERY FOR TREATING
GRAIN IN ORDER TO OBTAIN CERTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Polson, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent.
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Polson, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying.
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say :--
My said Invention relates to the special application of certain
machinery to be employed in the processes of treating grain in order to.
obtain the product known as "pearlina."
. After the grain from which the "pearlina" is to be obtained has been
hulled in a hulling machine composed of a cylinder or case covered with

page_text: perforated iron or steel revolving inside a similar casing, it is then
further cleaned and separated from any adhering husk by passing it
through a separating and husking machine, and it is then coarsely
ground. The separator consists of a framing, in the upper part of which
two or more sieves are placed; the portion of the coarsely ground grain
which passes through the sieves is discharged by a spout on to a series
of inclined planes in communication with a fan or other exhauster. As
the ground material passes over or through the inclined planes the
exhausting action of the fan draws off the fine and lighter portions,
whilst the heavier portions descend in succession through the inclined
planes, and are ultimately gathered in a spout or duct, the lighter
portions passing off through a separate spout or duct.
The brushing machine consists of a wire gauze cylinder or casing
placed at an angle or horizontally, in the interior of which a drum or
cylinder with brushes attached revolves. The effect of the brushing
action on the grain or portions of the grain passed through the said
machine is to still further separate any flour or husk which is brushed
through the wire gauze, and as these are discharged at the lower end of
the cylinder or casing they are acted upon by a fan or exhauster, which
drives or draws off any light particles or portions which still remain.
After this last operation has been effected the product may be again
passed through a separator constructed similarly to that herein-before
described. The grain is then ground in millstones of the usual con-
struction, which are adjusted so as to cut the grain as much as possible
into small particles.
Another brushing machine employed under this Invention consists of
a series of brushes placed around an axis and revolved in a casing in
which several inclined bars covered with wire cloth are placed; as the
brushes revolve the material being brushed is thrown against the said
wire gauze or cloth, through which any flour or fine products produced
by the grinding passes, and the remaining product passes out at the end.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I
now proceed to describe more particularly the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
The appended Sheet of Drawings represent a transverse section of a
mill shewing the special arrangement and combination of machines as

page_text: applied in my improved method of treating grain as described in the
Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date
September 20th, A.D. 1869, and numbered 2730, in order to obtain the
product known as "pearlina."
After the grain from which the "pearlina" is to be obtained has been
desiccated if necessary in the usual manner it is placed in the hopper A
from which it is discharged at the end B in the desired quantities and
run into the smutter or smut mill C, which is of the form and con-
struction usually employed for the purpose of removing from the grain
any adherent fungi known as smut or other foreign matter, thence it is
discharged into the separator D, where it is sifted in the usual manner,
the smut and other light particles being separated from the clean grain
which falls into the hopper E, whence it is conveyed through the duct a
onward to a hulling or husking apparatus F; in passing through the
duct a the grain is moistened by the action of steam or by other suitable
means in the annular space b; this however forms a part of the aforesaid
hulling or busking apparatus F, for which Letters Patent, No. 683, and
dated March 8th, A.D. 1870, were granted to me, and in which the hull
or outer portion of the grain is removed from the inner portion, as set
forth in the Specification of the said Letters Patent. From this apparatus
the grain is passed downwards through another duct c, and thence
through another hulling or husking apparatus G, generally similar to
that herein-before described, but differing therefrom in so far that it is
unprovided with any annular space upon the duct c as in the previous
case, and in consequence the grain is not further moistened after passing
from the apparatus F. For the purpose of cooling the grain, and also
the working parts of both the hulling or husking machines F and G, a
common fan or exhauster H is provided, the action of which causes a
current of cold-air to be drawn through both of the aforesaid machines F.
and G, and forced upward through the duct or pipe I. When the
hulling or husking process has been completed in the machine G the
grain with the hulls or husks removed or detached from the inner
portion, but commingled with the latter, is discharged therefrom through.
the duct d into a box J, from which it is lifted by means of an
clevator K of the well-known endless belt and bucket type, carried
upwards, and thrown therefrom into the hopper L, thence it is passed
through the spout f into another hopper g fixed upon the end of the
brushing and separating machine M, which is composed of a cylindrical

page_text: wire gauze casing h, in the interior of which a drum or cylinder with
brushes attached thereto revolves. The grain in passing downwards
from the hopper g enters the casing at its upper or elevated end,
where it is exposed to the action of the said revolving brushes, which has
the effect of separating the dust and fine particles, and brushing them
through the wire gauze; these particles are then discharged at the lower
end of the casing 4, where they are exposed to the action of a common
fan or exhauster N, and thereby drawn off, whilst the heavier portion
descending through the spout i is discharged into the hopper O, and
passing onward through another spout j falls into the millstones P and
is roughly ground. After having passed the rough grinding process the
ground products are lifted by an elevator G¹ up into a brushing
machine X, where by the action of the brushes the flour and very finc
particles are removed. The said brushing apparatus is similar in con-
struction to that marked M. herein-before specified. The heavier particles
having passed the brushes are discharged through a spout a' into another
spout 6', by which they are conducted downwards into the hopper m
attached to the frame S, which forms a part of the separating apparatus T:
From the hopper m the product is discharged into sieves n carried by the
frame S, when the finer portions that pass through the top sieve are
discharged through a spout n' on to a series of inclined planes o, forming
part or parts of a repeating air separator in communication with a fan U,
by which the material is exposed to five different exhausting actions
which have the effect of drawing off the finer and lighter portions of the
ground material into the hopper o', whilst the heavier portions fall from
the lowest of the inclined planes o into the spout q, and thence into
another hopper 7 fixed to the framing V, into which sieves 8, 8, are fixed
upon which these portions are still further sifted and then discharged at
one end of the sieves 8, 8, into a hopper t, whence they are passed
through another separating apparatus W similar to that marked T
herein-before specified. The heavier partieles resulting from this
separating process is the product sought, and falls into the hopper u,
whence it is discharged when desired through the spout v.
The lighter
portions which have been drawn into the hopper O¹ are conducted to
another pair of millstones, not seen in the Drawings, by means of the
spout P. The heavier particles which have been separated by the action
of the top sieve n, but which have not passed through it, are conducted
downwards to a pair of stones similar to those marked P, but situated
immediately behind them, and therefore not seen in the Drawings, where

page_text: they are reground, and the product is afterwards conveyed to a box Q,
from which it is lifted by the elevator R and thrown into the hopper K,
and passing thence through the spout it is conducted downward to the
hopper m, from which it is discharged into the sieves n, and finally
exposed to the various separating processes, as herein-before described.
<
It is to be understood that although the whole of the herein-before
described machines ar to be employed under the improved system of
treatment of grain for the purpose of obtaining the product known as
'pearlina," yet I do not limit their employment to the precise order of
succession as herein set forth, as, for example, the positions of the
separating apparati marked M and T respectively may be transposed,
or others equally efficient may be used in their stead.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
system or combination of machines as herein-before described for the
manufacture of the product known as "pearlina."
In witness whereof, I, the said John Polson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of September One thousand eight
hundred and seventy.