matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dircks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd August 1857.
-A communication.
I, HENRY DIRCKS, of 32, Moorgate Street, in the City of London, Engineer
and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in applying a long sack or bag made of strong
material for the purpose of saving life and property in cases of fire.
A sack or case is to be made of strong canvas, netting, or other suitable
material, and of sufficient length and width for the purposes to which it is to
be applied. The mouth or top end may be distended by framework, and made
to fasten to the window sill; the bottom end should be open, and may also be
distended by a hoop or like means. Fire escapes of this construction are
prepared for use by repeatedly turning the lower end round, the top end being
fixed, until the sack is thereby twisted like a rope and nearly closed up to the
top, when a person or property may be placed within and gradually lowered
by reversing the action or untwisting the sack, and so on as often as
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING POSITION AND DIRECTION ON LAND AND SEA
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Garvey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1857.
I, BENJAMIN GARVEY, of Ashland, in the County of Green, and State of
New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING POSITION AND
DIRECTION ON LAND AND SEA," to be as follows:--
I make use of a continuously revolving wheel, so mounted that it is free to
continue its rotation in planes parallel to that in which it was first set, to
revolve irrespective of the motion of the earth, or any disturbing cause, thereby
obtaining a normal plane or base for use in determining position or direction
on land or sea, for the purposes of navigation, geodesy, or astronomy.
To accomplish the purpose of giving a continuously revolving motion to a
wheel, in such a manner that the inertia of the revolving wheel shall cause it
to continue to revolve in a plane parallel to that in which it was first set to
revolve, I sustain a wheel of suitable size, shape, and weight, on a hollow
shaft, and said hollow shaft is supported by hollow gimballs, rings, or universal
joints, in such a manner as to produce as little friction as possible, and so that
the said wheel is free to revolve unobstructedly and independent of the position
assumed by the gimballs or frame supporting it, and the wheel is kept
revolving by the discharge of steam, air, or gas from diagonal openings, and

page_text: said steam, air, or gas is supplied from any suitable source through the afore-
said hollow gimballs. The aforesaid wheel may be made to revolve horizon-
tally by suspending it on a vertical pipe from the gimballs. The revolving
body herein termed a wheel may be a revolving mass of matter of any desired
shape, size, or material, and the same may be revolved by electricity, or any
suitable source of motion, and be connected with any desired indicating
apparatus.
AN IRON STRAIGHT-EDGE HOLDER, DESIGNED FOR STRAIGHTENING WALLS, EDGES, OR MOULDINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Alexis Imbert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1857.
I, LOUIS ALEXIS IMBERT, of Trevilly, near Avallon, a Town of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IRON STRAIGHT-EDGE
HOLDER, DESIGNED FOR STRAIGHTENING WALLS, EDGES, OR MOULDINGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in a pointed iron cramp, intended to facilitate the
mason's work when straightening the walls, edges, or making plaster mould-
ings; the said iron cramps being driven into the wall to hold the straight-edge
used in making such kind of work; the heel of the iron cramps is provided
with a "pressure screw suited to hold the straight-edge, which can thus be
shifted and regulated to its precise position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS FOR SHIPS' CABINS, APART- MENTS, AND PLACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ralph Engledue and William
Cullis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd May 1857.
We, JOHN RALPH ENGLEDUE, Gentleman, and WILLIAM CULLIS, Joiner, both
of Southampton, in the County of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS FOR SHIPS' CABINS, APART-
MENTS, AND PLACES," to be as follows:-
We construct a frame or frames made of wood or other suitable material,
provided with pieces of metal or other suitable material so curved or bent, that
when the series is mounted in the frame or frames the surface shall present
risings and depressions, the whole being fitted together so as to admit of being
regulated so as not to allow of seeing from the one side of the frame anything
on the other side thereof, and yet to allow spaces for the supply of air, which,
can be regulated to meet the requirements of the case, and be capable of closing
entirely, or opening merely one half of the framed space for direct communica-
tion. For instance, I have two frames which can be secured together by set
screws, each frame containing curved pieces of zinc so arranged, that when
two frames are secured together by set screws the pieces in the one frame will

page_text: and one or both of these frames may be hinged to allow the removal of one or
both sets of pieces for still freer admission of air when exposure to view is of 5
no consequence.
The above is a statement of the nature of this Invention, indicating the
means for carrying the same into effect; the mere details we might probably
vary in practice.
AN IMPROVED TUMBLER KEY AND LEVER TUMBLER LOCK
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Saunders, of No. 22, Pump Row, Old Street
Road, Saint Luke's, in the County of Middlesex, Locksmith, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED TUMBLER KEY AND LEVER TUMBLER LOCK."
Sealed the 16th March 1858, and dated the 24th September 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Saunders at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1857.
I, THOMAS SAUNDERS, of No. 22, Pump Row, Old Street Road, Saint
Luke's, in the County of Middlesex, Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TUMBLER KEY AND LEVER TUMBLER
Lock," to be as follows:-
That the key is a barrel key, and consists of several tumblers enclosed in a
case, so that when the key is put into the lock the pin of the lock is so formed
that on turning the key round the tumblers of the key fall into their proper
position and act in unison with the tumblers of the lock. The Invention
prevents the possibility of any impression or dimensions being taken of the
key.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Baxter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1857.
I, GEORGE BAXTER, of Northampton Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Printer in Oil Colours, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING IN COLORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved method of obtaining
gradations of tint when printing in colors by surface printing, when both sur-
face printing, and engraved, or copper or other plate printing are used to produce
one complete impression. Heretofore great difficulty has been experienced
in producing gradations in the color which each surface block applies, and
this has only been imperfectly done by carefully inking the parts to a greater
or less degree, and when any considerable difference of tint is required it has
been necessary to employ a separate block for each tint.
Now, my Invention consists in producing gradation in the color applied by
each block, in the same way as gradation in tint is now usually obtained in
copper or other plate printing, and sometimes also in surface printing, where
one plate or block produces a complete impression, that is to say, by ruling
a series of fine lines on the surface of the block by machinery in those places.

page_text: where a lighter tint is required. The machine ruling is effected in a similar
manner to that in which machine ruling is now produced on copper and steel
plates, by applying an etching ground to the block, which is then removed
in lines by the machine, and these lines are then bit in by acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING SHUTTERS AND DOORS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Francis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1857.
I, ALFRED FRANCIS, of Encomb Terrace, Wandsworth Road, in the County
of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING SHUTTERS AND DOORS," to be as follows:-
For this purpose I arrange the shutters and doors to slide in the jambs or
other parts adjacent to the window or other opening to be closed by such
shutters or doors, and I apply in, upon, or against such jambs, or other parts,
sliding abutments, acted upon by springs, so that they may have a tendency to
pass into grooves or other recesses formed for the purpose on the inside or
edge of such shutters or doors to retain them from being opened or pushed
back from the exterior when closed. These abutments may be either con-
tinuous, of the length of the inside or edge of the shutter or door against
which they act, or only partially so; and I apply friction pulleys or wheels to
such doors or shutters to act on certain parts thereof to prevent undue friction,
and in like manner to the sliding abutments, as a means for the more readily
withdrawing the same when the shutters or doors are to be opened or shut.
For greater security I prefer to line the shutters and doors with metal,
though I do not lay any claim to such lining.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: 1700
preser Loc
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cosmo Logie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1857.
I, COSMO LOGIE, of the Royal Horse Guards, Surgeon, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO FIRE-
ARMS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide troops and other persons using:
fire-arms charged with cartridges, with a ready means of tearing open the end
of the cartridge without resorting to the use of the teeth, as is ordinarily
done.
And my Invention consists in applying to the outside of the barrel of the
fire-arm near its muzzle end a projecting hook or claw formed with serrations
or teeth on its inner edge or side, which serrations or teeth take hold of the
end of the cartridge and retain it, while the cartridge itself is rent away by
the hand of the person using the fire-arm. I prefer to connect the said hook
or claw to the barrel by means of a swivel or socket, in such manner that
when out of use the hook or claw may be folded against the barrel; and I
sometimes apply either an internal or external spring to the said hook or
claw for the purpose of clearing off the serrations or teeth of the same any
fragments of the cartridge which may adhere thereto. I sometimes apply
the serrated claw by means of a stud and a spring, after the manner of an.
ordinary letter clip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WIRE
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the Sth October
1857.
1, JAMES COCKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Wire Drawer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WIRE," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of wire relates, first, to
an improved mode of reducing wire iron to a sufliciently small size to admit of
the metal being at once drawn down to the intended gauge of the wire instead
of causing the wire to be operated upon several times, as is now necessary,
before it can be brought to the required size. In carrying out this part of my
Invention, I propose to take several lengths of wire iron, or iron or steel
wire, or other metal rods or wire, and weld or otherwise secure them end for
end, in one long length, which is then to be wound on to a metal bobbin or
reel, and heated until the wire iron or other metal rod or wire is brought to a
proper state for rolling down; and while in a heated state the iron, or other
rod or wire, or wire iron, is passed between rolls and rolled down to the desired
size, after which it will only be required to draw the wire once through the
dies, for the purpose of finishing the same and smoothing the surface. By
this means several of the repeated drawing operations which have been here-

page_text: tofore required to reduce the wire to the desired gauge are dispensed with,
thereby economising much time and labor.
For heating the wire iron, or iron or other metal rod or wire, I propose to use
an apparatus of a novel kind, and which forms the subject of a separate In-
vention, for which I have applied for Letters Patent, but any other convenient
plan of heating the wire may be employed, if preferred.
The next improvement relates to a novel method of hardening wire, and
consists in winding it on metal bobbins or reels, and heating it thereon in any
convenient manner, and then, while in a heated state, drawing the wire off
the bobbins, and passing it direct into a bath of oil or other suitable liquid,
after which the wire may be tempered in the usual way.
SEPARATING THE DIFFERENT SOLID FATTY (ACIDES GRAS) ACIDS FROM THE LIQUID FATTY ONES
Year: 1857

page_text: vy the Act.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurent Laurot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1857.
I, LAURENT LAUROT, of No. 22, Rue Fontaine, St. George's, in the City of
Paris, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "SEPARATING
THE DIFFERENT SOLID FATTY (ACIDES GRAS) ACIDS FROM THE LIQUID FATTY ONES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in separating solid fatty acids from liquid fatty
acids by adding to a mixture of the two a proportion of lime or other alkaline
earth or metallic oxide sufficient to combine with the solid fatty acids, which
when so combined are easily separated from the liquid fatty acids. When
neutral fatty matters are treated with lime or other alkaline earth or metallic
oxide so as to saponify them, then a quantity of mineral acid is added to the
mixture, sufficient to liberate tho liquid fatty acids; these last are then casily
separated from the solid fatty acids, which remain in combination with tho
lime or other alkaline earth or metallic oxide.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: is Invention receiveu
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July 1857.-
A communication from Messrs. Orien and Dugué.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 77, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," con-
municated to me by Messrs. Ouin and Dugué, foreigners residing abroad,
to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to machinery in which the substances to be cut have
a centrifugal movement towards the cutters. A case, a vessel, or conical drum
furnished with cutters supplied with the substances to be cut is caused to
rotate. The cutters inside the case or drum may be fitted in slots in the sides,
and with screws or pins working in oval or other shaped holes, to enable them
to be adjusted or removed. The substances have a centrifugal movement
towards the cutters, and are or may be to any desirable extent kept from
revolving with the case by stationary abutments. Suitable openings are pro-
vided for the cut picces to escape, and a ring or annular guide may be added
outside the case, to prevent them from being scattered.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bartlett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1857.
I, JOHN BARTLETT, of the City of Bristol, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WEIGHING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the weight by which the weight of the
article to be weighed is ascertained to travel along the steelyard of steel-
yard weighing machines, or along the lever of other weighing machines by
means of a pinion which takes into a rack upon or connected to the lever, and
in mounting an indicator upon the pinion shaft in order that the one opera-
tion of turning the pinion shaft shall not only propel the weight along the
steelyard or lever, but shall at the same time indicate the fractional or
divisional parts of the measure to be ascertained; the chief parts being
marked upon the steelyard or lever, for instance, the cwts. on the steelyard
or lever, and the lbs. upon the indicator.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Pollard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1857.
I, JOSEPH POLLARD, of Highdown, near Hitchin, in the County of Herts,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING MANURE," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for the
distribution of manure.
The manure is placed in a box of a hopper form, which is supported upon a
frame with wheels, for the purpose of transit, and has adjusting means applied
to it. At the opening in the bottom of the hopper or box is applied a
cylinder or roller, by preference of bright metal, to prevent corrosion and
clogging, and this roller has a series of ridges or projections along its surface,
for the purpose of taking the manure and throwing it out as the cylinder
revolves. Rotary motion is given to this cylinder from one of the carrying
wheels, and there is a capability of varying the speed thereof by change wheels,
in order to vary the quantity delivered. This capability of varying the quan-
tity delivered is also aided by a brush, formed of whalebone or other suitablo
material, acting against and along the surface of the cylinder, and which brush
is capable of adjustment.

page_text: A stirrer is placed inside the box to keep the composition or manure in
motion. There are scrapers applied to act on the cylinder and keep it clean;
these are borne against the cylinder, and so as to admit of their following the
incquality of its surface, by springs, weights, or other suitable means. Doors
are applied to afford facility of access to the cylinder and other of the parts in
case of need. There is a spout or shoot to conduct the manure as allowed to
fall correctly to the earth, and prevent the wind from scattering it. In this
spout are applied rods or grates to assist in scattering the manure. There is
also a sieve at the top, which can be worked by the machine itself or not, as
may be preferred.
The parts are thrown in and out of gear by à lever handle or such like
means.
AN IMPROVED. METHOD OF PREVENTING ONE TRAIN FROM RUNING INTO ANOTHER ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time preserved
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hope at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1857.
I, DAVID HOPE, of Bishop's Auckland, in the County of Durham, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED.
METHOD OF PREVENTING ONE TRAIN FROM RUNING INTO ANOTHER ON RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in coating or covering the rails, by means of a brush
or other suitable tool, with grease, oil, or some unctuous, oleaginous, or greasy
matter, at or just before any point where it is necessary for a train to stop, to
prevent its running into another train before it, which greasing is intended
to act as a signal, both to the hearing of and to the peculiar sensation imparted,
to the engine driver to stop his engine and train.
Supposing a train to be at a standstill, and that another is expected, the
guard provided with the necessary tools and materials should proceed in the
direction from which the train is expected to the greatest distance consistent
with safety and the time the coming train is due, and should grease the rails
for from ten to fifteen yards, more or less. As soon as the engine reaches the
part of the rails so greased the wheels will cease to bite, and, the train will:

page_text: only proceed by its momentum. The driver, supposing all other signals to be
unnoticed, cannot fail both to feel and hear the particular signal thus made to
him, and by taking the necessary steps will be able to bring his train to a
dead stop within, say, a hundred yards of the greased portion of the rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO- WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Playle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1857.
I, THOMAS PLAYLE, of Chatham, in the County of Kent, Coach Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TWO-
WHEELED CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies chiefly to spring carts in which the centre of gravity
or the draught is changed or adjusted either by moving the body of the vehicle
or by raising or lowering the shafts. The usual method now employed to move
the body of the vehicle is a screw fixed behind, the body being mounted so as
to slide horizontally in accordance with the action of the screw. My improve
ments consist in dispensing with such horizontal movement of the body of the
vehicle, and in adjusting the draught by means of vertical screws fixed at the
hinder part of the vehicle. The shafts are not rigidly attached to the body of
the vehicle, but are allowed sufficient play to admit a kind of beam action;
they pass underneath the. body, and are connected with the vertical screws
behind in such manner that they may be raised or depressed thereby. The
portions of the shafts underneath the body are composed of steel spring and
wood, and act as extra springs in addition to the springs now used. Each
adjusting screw has a register by which its action is regulated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE GUAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1857. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE GUAGES," a communication from abroad, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain simple constructions and arrangements of
pressure guages, for indicating the pressure of steam and fluids, whether such
pressure be above or below that of the atmosphere.
According to one arrangement of guage a combination of a piston and flexible
diaphragm is employed, the piston being connected in an adjustable manner
with a bow or hoop spring to counterbalance the steam or fluid pressure which
is exerted against the opposite end of the piston. This extremity of the piston
rests upon a flexible diaphragm of india-rubber or other suitable material, and
this diaphragm, which is of a cup shape when in its normal condition, is con-
tained within and fits a spheroidal chamber, whereby it is prevented from
bursting when any excess of pressure is applied thereto. A three-way clock
admits the steam or fluid to the diaphragm when required, or it enables the pipe

page_text: leading to the guage to be blown through, and thereby cleared of any dirt or
deposit which may have accumulated therein. The motion of the piston is
imparted to an arbor carrying an index (which is adjustable thereon) by means
of a rack and pinion or other convenient arrangement, a small pulley serving
to keep the rack in contact with the pinion. This part of the apparatus is
enclosed within a circular box with a properly divided dial, upon which the
index shews the correct amount of pressure.
According to another modification, in place of the piston and diaphragm I
employ a helical spring, made wholly or in part of the form of a dome or
inverted cup, and this spring is combined with a capsule of india-rubber or
other suitable elastic material of a similar shape to the spring; this capsule is
placed either in the interior or on the exterior surface of the spring, and is
consequently extended or contracted with it. It serves as an impervious
medium through which the steam or fluid may act upon the spring and
produce the necessary movement for indicating the pressure on the dial.
The vertical motion of the helical spring is transmitted to the index by a
rack connected to the helical spring and acting on a pinion, as herein-before
described, and the admission or not of the steam or fluid is effected by a three-
way cock, after the manner described in reference to the first arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LINES OF STEAM VESSELS AND IN THE METHOD OF PROPELLING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1857.
I, HENRY CLARKE, of Chancery Lane, London, Clerk, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE LINES OF STEAM
VESSELS AND IN THE METHOD OF PROPELLING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements in the lines of steam ships, consist in forming vessels
with such lines, that when propelled their tendency shall be to skim over
the water rather than to displace and pass through the water as ordinary
vessels do.
To effect this I construct the vessel with a flat bottom throughout a con-
siderable portion of its length, while the bows or fore part, as also the after
part or run is a continuation of the same flat surface, but at such an angle of
inclination, as is best adapted for meeting the obstruction of the water at the
stern. The bow and stern I construct of the same breadth as the midship
section, so that the whole breadth of the inclined fore part of the ship is pre-
sented to the water in passing through it, and in proportion to the speed
generated so will it have a greater or less tendency to rise and pass over the
surface. The breadth and incline of the run will support the stern of the vessel
when so partially raised out of the water, and will at the same time possess
great freedom in leaving the water; the incline of the stern I make of less
length than that of the fore part of the ship. The sides of the ship may be

page_text: carried up at right angles to the bottom, or inclined outwards a little, to break
the water and prevent the shipping of a sea.
My improvement in propelling this construction of vessel consists in the
application of the Archimedean screw supported above deck in the air, and
which by causing it to rotate at a high velocity great propelling atmospheric
pressure will be obtained. I construct such screws of large diameter, and
apply one or several of the same on different shafts, the whole presenting a
surface and driven at a velocity according to the speed it is desired to attain
in the vessel.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hargreaves and Abraham
Mosedale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th January 1856.
We, BENJAMIN HARGREAVES, of Habergham Eaves, near Burnley, in the
County of Lancaster, Cabinet Maker, and ABRAHAM MOSEDALE, of Burnley,
aforesaid, Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in making the connecting arms, by
which the motion of the crank shaft is communicated to the lay, in two parts,
capable of sliding within or upon each other; these two parts are connected by
a stop piece, held in its place by a spring or other agent. As long as the
loom is working properly the two parts of the connecting arms are held
together by the stop piece, but if the shuttle fails to box, the stop rod acts on
the stop piece, and disconnects the two parts of the connecting arms, thereby
allowing the crank shaft to revolve without beating up the lay.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FASTENING TYRES ON WHEELS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Butler and Joseph Pitts at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
12th September 1857.
We, JOHN BUTLER and JOSEPH PITTS, both of Stanningley, in the County of
York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN FASTENING TYRES ON WHEELS FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to
be as follows:-
Our improvement consists in fastening the tyre on wheels for railway car-
riages by bolts or keys passing through slots or grooves made on the exterior
of the inner rims or upon the ends of the spokes or arms, and also through
a portion of the tyre of such wheels, such bolts or keys being placed parallel
or in a like direction to the axis of the wheel.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS OR COVERINGS FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS AND OTHER VEHICLES, RICKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Turner Wright, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, and Edwin Payton Wright, of Birmingham
aforesaid, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS OR COVERINGS FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS AND OTHER
VEHICLES, RICKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 7th August 1857, and dated the 22nd May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Turner Wright and
Edwin Payton Wright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd May 1857.
We, JOHN TURNER WRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and EDWIN PAYTON WRIGHT, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS OR COVERINGS FOR RAILWAY TRUCKS AND OTHER
VEHICLES, RICKS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In order that our Invention may the better be understood, we remark, that
in the ordinary manufacture of cloths or coverings for railway trucks and other
purposes the fabric or material of which the said cloths or coverings are made
is usually joined by junctions running parallel to the sides of the cloth or
covering; that is to say, the said junctions are parallel either to the longer or

page_text: shorter sides of the cloth or covering. By this disposition of the fabric
the cloth or covering has great strength in one direction, but is weak
and liable to be torn in a direction transverse to the former, the tension
being thrown mainly on the warp of the fabric when it is pulled at one
side, and on the weft when pulled at the adjoining side. Our Invention
consists in forming the said cloths or coverings by joining the fabric by
junctions, which lie diagonally across the cloth, the said junctions being
inclined at nearly the same angle to any two adjacent sides. By this method
of manufacture the cloth or covering is nearly equally strong, whether pulled
by its longer or shorter sides, the tension being distributed in either case both
upon the warp and weft. In order still further to strengthen the cloth or
covering, we sometimes insert or fix upon the cloth or covering bands or
gussets running in directions parallel to the longest diagonal of the cloth
or covering, and nearly perpendicular to the junctions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Viscount de Waresquiel
and Julien. D'hello at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th March 1857.
We, ALBERT Viscount DE WARESQUIEL, Gentleman, and JULIEN D'HELLE,
Civil Engineer, both of Paris (France), do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
These improvements in railway carriages have for their object, 1st, a new
arrangement of these carriages, permitting their loading and unloading with-
out the aid of turntables, and doing away consequently with a great part of
these latter on a line, besides rendering the carriages, trucks, or wagons more
suitable for laying down the roads. This part of the Invention consists in
making the body of the carriage independant of the truck, by establishing
between the upper part of this latter and the under side of the body a sort of
small turntable in such manner that the body of the carriage may move in a
horizontal direction over an annular plate, and round a spindle fixed on the
upper part of the truck, a suitable number of friction wheels serving for
guiding the rotative motion of the body of the carriage, and bearing the
weight of the same. Such wagons, carts, trucks, or vans as are intended to
serve for carrying luggage, earth, or other loads may have part of their sides
made to turn on hinges, in such manner that, one or more of these sides being
lowered, they may serve as inclines for loading or unloading the carriage.

page_text: 2nd, instead of having one axle for each pair of wheels, I furnish each wheel
with its proper axle, the length of which is consequently much shorter,
requiring only to be sufficient for allowing the same to turn at both ends in
suitable bearings. This arrangement allows of each wheel having its proper
motion, and is particularly intended for carriages on that sort of railways
called tramways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell and
Nicholas Harvey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th January 1857.
We, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, Steel Manufacturer, and
NICHOLAS HARVEY, of 12, Haymarket, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEAM BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of steam
boilers. For these purposes the best charcoal wrought iron is used, and in
place of rolling the same into sheets and forms suitable for making boilers, as
heretofore, the wrought iron, after it has been manufactured, is cut up into
small pieces and melted in crucibles with carbon and fluxes, and the melted
product is run into moulds to form ingots or slabs, which are then rolled into
sheets and other forms suitable for making steam boilers, and such sheets are
rivetted together and strengthened in the ordinary manner of making steam
boilers when using wrought iron manufactured in the ordinary manner. By
thus constructing steam boilers of the peculiarly prepared iron herein
described, such boilers will admit of being made considerably lighter, and yet
possess greater strength than those at present manufactured.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN BREWING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gresham Wiles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th April 1857.
I, WILLIAM GRESHAM WILES, of Lady's Well Brewery, Cork, Brewer and
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BREWING," to be as follows:-
My improvements in brewing consist in boiling in a batch, heated by steam
pipes placed horizontally as near the bottom as practicable, or the steam pipes
may be raised to a height above the bottom, and in placing over these pipes a
perforated false bottom, from which there rises a perforated pipe. The liquor
being heated to boiling between the two bottoms becomes expanded, and being
unable to pass sufficiently rapidly through the perforations in the false bottom
rushes up the pipe, and then falls through the holes in this pipe, washing the
hops and extracting all the valuable particles, but rejecting the coarse and
resinous constituents.
IMPROVEMENTS IN NOSE- BAGS
Year: 1857

page_text: www
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rose Celestine Carbonino at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 12th
May 1857.
I, ROSE CELESTINE CARBONINO, (Widow de Favre) of Paris (France), do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN NOSE-
BAGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to nosebags for feeding horses, donkeys, or other
animals, and consists of an arrangement by which the bottom of the bag is
forced to rise in proportion as the animal eats the fodder.. The bottom of the
bag is made from osiery or any other suitable solid material, which bottom is
caused to rise by means of a counterweight hanging below the said bottom at
one of the extremities of strings passed through rings affixed to the outside of
the bag near the opening of the same, the opposite end of the said strings
being attached to the said bottom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joel Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th March
1857.
I, JOEL WILLIAMS, of Mold, in the County of Flint, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR
TAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the improved construction of cocks or taps for
drawing off liquids from casks and other close vessels without the use of any
separate vent hole and vent peg in the cask or vessel, and so as to prevent
the liquid issuing from the vent passage provided in this cock or tap, and
to cause the liquid to be drawn off from the first, and to continue capable
of being readily drawn off till the cask or vessel is emptied.
1 construct this cock by having a vent tube passing through the horizontal
part of the cock or tap, or that part which is inserted into the cask or vessel,
one end of this being open to the vessel, and the other end communicating
with the atmosphere by means of a passage through the "tumbler" or plug
of the cock, in which passage a ball or other valve is provided, to prevent
the liquid flowing out through this passage, whilst it admits of the air passing
into the vessel. This ball or valve might be provided for in some other
convenient part of the air passage. The plug or tumbler aforesaid I make
hollow and closed at the bottom to act as a reservoir for liquid, this plug

page_text: being provided with such an opening to the horizontal part of the cock or
tap that it shall be always open to the fluid in the cask or vessel, and
therefore always filling the reservoir whilst liquid remains to be drawn off.
The plug has likewise at or near its bottom an opening to the drawing-off
passage, which can be opened or shut by means of the key acting on the
plug or tumbler. I also provide a vent hole to admit the air into or to
escape from the hollow plug or tumbler, this hole to be closed by a screw
or some other means when it is not required to act.
The above is a statement of the nature of the Invention, and, of the manner
of effecting the same, which is not restricted to the precise details set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGU- LATING AND INDICATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cowburn, Jonathan Preston,
and Jeremiah Shetlock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd February 1857.
We, THOMAS COWBURN, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, & JONATHAN
PRESTON, of Pendleton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and JEREMIAHI
SHETLOCK, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGU-
LATING AND INDICATING THE PRESSURE OF STEAM AND OTHER FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in causing the steam or other fluid to
pass through two valves fixed to the same spindle, which is connected to
a hollow lever mounted on a hollow axle. This hollow lever contains mercury,
on which the fluid, after passing through the valves acts, by passing through
apertures in the hollow spindle; when the pressure on the fluid increases, the
mercury is moved further up the hollow lever, and exerts therefore a greater
power to close the valves, thereby causing the fluid to pass through more con-
tracted orifices, and reducing the pressure thereof. When the pressure is
reduced the mercury runs down the hollow lever, thereby allowing a counter-
weight to increase the opening of the valves. A weight is attached to the
spindle of the valves to keep them vertical. By attaching a graduated
quadrant to the valve box or other convenient place the pressure of the fluid is
indicated by the action of the hollow lever.
A NEW OR IMPROVED KNIFE CLEANER
Year: 1857

page_text: wwwww
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodward at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th Novem-
ber 1857.
I, HENRY WOODWARD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Commercial Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED KNIFE CLEANER," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists of two parallel pieces of wood or other material
pressed together and coated on their interior or opposed faces with leather, or
other material suitable for retaining the bath brick or other polishing powder
employed.
I prefer to attach one of the pieces of wood to a table or other support, and
connect the second or moveable piece of wood to the fixed piece by means of
pins on the fixed piece passing through holes in the moveable piece. Coiled
springs placed upon the said pins, and bearing against screw nuts. on the tops.
of the said pins, press the moveable piece with considerable force upon the
fixed piece. A hopper is fixed on the moveable piece, which is filled with
bath brick or other polishing powder, which powder passes through a hole in
the moveable piece, and is deposited between the two leather or polishing
surfaces. The knife to be cleaned is inserted between the two polishing
surfaces, and moved briskly backwards and forwards, by which treatment it is
speedily cleaned.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Delf, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1857.
I, WILLIAM DELF, junior, of Great Bentley, in the County of Essex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows
My said Invention relates to a novel construction of ploughs, consisting in
making them with a point running before for opening the furrow, and having
behind a V-shaped share; and attached to the hind part of the implement are
two short breasts for turning the soil out of the furrow. Linked on to a bolt
descending perpendicularly from the stump of the beam are two metal wings,
so formed as to scrape or slide out such stuff to any part of the stetch or land,
which distance is regulated by a slide connecting the two wings. It has also
a simple lever arrangement between the handles for raising and turning the
plough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CLEANING CASKS
Year: 1857

page_text: his inventi
receive
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Francis and Robert
Ord, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 9th May 1857.
We, JOHN HENRY FRANCIS, of 53, Ossulston Street, Saint Pancras, and
ROBERT ORD, of Morpeth Cottage, East Street, Islington, both in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR CLEANING CASKS,"
to be as follows:
This Invention relates partly to certain improvements upon a former Patent
granted to Robert Davison and William Symington, on the 2nd day of
November 1843, and partly to certain improvements upon a former Invention,
for which an application was made for a Patent, No. 406, on the 11th day of
February 1857, by one George Chappell Potts.
The principal features of novelty of this present Invention consist, firstly,
in an improved construction of frame for holding the cask to be cleansed,
whereby such said frame is capable of receiving casks of different sizes;
whereas by the above mentioned former Inventions frames of different
sizes were required for casks of different sizes. The following is the
improved mode of constructing the aforesaid frame:-We take two pieces
of rod or bar iron, and so form or shape them as that one part thereof

page_text: serves as the axis for the frame to turn upon, and the other part inclines
at an angle of about 60 degrees, more or less, with the horizon. The
extreme ends of these inclined parts have screws formed thereon for con-
necting thereto, by screw nuts, cross pieces of metal containing forked-shaped
pieces of metal for holding by the edges thereof the cask to be cleansed.
One of such said forked pieces is acted upon by a screw for tightening and
releasing the same to and from the cask. The frame thus formed is supported
by its axes in an upright frame or stand of wood or metal, and has rotatory
motion imparted thereto by a winch handle fixed upon one of such axes. The
aforesaid frame should be made large enough to receive the largest size cask,
the smaller sizes being adjusted thereto and held therein by the before-men-
tioned screw or forked-shape piece. We propose in conjunction with the
above improved apparatus to use slags or clinkers, such as come from furnaces
and smiths' forges, broken into small pieces, which may be placed with water
inside the casks, and removed therefrom without taking out the head thereof
for that purpose. In this manner and by these means the operation of cleaning
casks is rendered more efficient, less laborious, and considerably less expensive
than the means hitherto employed for cleaning casks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALTPETRE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fraser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1857.
I, JOHN FRASER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALTPETRE," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of saltpetre by
the use of nitric acid, instead of using nitrate of soda added to muriate of
potash. By treating muriate of potash with nitric acid in this way saltpetre
of superior purity is obtained, and muriatic acid of high commercial value is
also produced as a manufacturing result.