Improvements in or relating to Machines for Twisting and Finishing Twines.
Year: 1888

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Machines for Twisting and
Finishing Twines.
WILLIAM MYERS, of Stanley Lane End, near Wakefield, in the County of York
Twine Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to machines employed in the manufacture of twines.
and its object is to provide means by which the twisting, carding, dressing, sizing,
and polishing operations may be performed simultaneously by the same machine, that
is to say, as the twine passes from the twisting mechanism it is carried forward and
successively undergoes the carding, dressing, sizing, and polishing operations prior
to being wound on to a bobbin ready for the balling process, thus saving time in
removing the twine from one machine to another, and also producing twine free, or
nearly so, from knots.
In carrying this invention into practice, on suitable framework is mounted one or
more fixed horizontal pins upon which any desired number of bobbins are placed,
around which the linen or other yarns have been previously wound. On each spindle.
is mounted so as to revolve a flyer in which are provided any desired number of holes
for imparting the required tension or drag to the yarn.
One end of each flyer revolves on the spindle whilst the opposite end is fixed to a
face plate or disc which is mounted upon a hollow shaft carried in suitable bearings
on the framework. Any desired number of spindles, flyers, discs, and hollow shafts
may be mounted on the framework. In the face of each disc and around its centre
are provided any required number of small holes which are made to communicate
with the interior of the hollow shaft. Through the holes in the discs the various
strands forming the twine, are passed after leaving the tension or drag holes in
the flyers.
A rotary motion is imparted to the discs from a driving shaft (carried in suitable
bearings on the framework) through suitable pulleys and belting for giving the
required twist to the twine, which is twisted within the hollow shaft after passing
through the small holes in the revolving disc.

page_text: The twine after leaving the hollow shaft passes over a roller then through a series
of pieces of card filletting (for carding purposes) to a roller fixed within a trough
containing water, and from thence under and over another roller provided within a
second trough containing size.
After leaving the second trough it is passed through cocoa nut fibre for dressing
purposes, and from thence to a horizontal drying cylinder preferably mounted in
bearings above and over the revolving discs. To the drying cylinder a rotary motion
is imparted from the driving shaft through suitable change gearing, pulleys, and
belts. Each end of the drying cylinder is also provided with a bonnet and valve for
the admission and escape of the steam that is employed for heating the cylinder to
enable it to perform the drying and polishing operations.
After the twine has been passed one or more times round and over the cylinder it
is conveyed to one or more guide pulleys which are placed either immediately under
the drying cylinder or in any other suitable position between the two troughs.
These pulleys are employed for keeping the twine apart, as well as aiding in imparting
the required tension thereto.
When the twine has been sufficiently dried and polished it is passed through
suitable guides and wound on to a horizontal bobbin mounted in suitable slots or
guides in the framing over and parallel with each hollow shaft from which it receives
a rotary motion.
In order to wind the twine evenly on to each bobbin, the guide or guides are
mounted in framing or on a bar to which is imparted a reciprocating motion by
means of cams, levers, weights, or their equivalents. When cams and levers are
employed they are mounted upon a shaft or shafts (supported in bearings on the
framework) which receive a rotary motion from the drying cylinder through gearing,
pulleys, belting, or driving chains.
Dated this Third day of September 1888.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Machines for Twisting and
Finishing Twines.
I, WILLIAM MYERS, of Stanley Lane End, near Wakefield, in the County of York,
Twine Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has reference to machines employed in the manufacture of twines,
and its object is to provide means by which the twisting, carding, dressing, sizing,
and polishing operations may be performed simultaneously on the same machine, that
is to say, as the twine passes from the twisting mechanism it is carried forward and
successively undergoes the carding, dressing, sizing, and polishing operations prior
to being wound on to a bobbin ready for the balling process, thus saving time in
removing the twine from one machine to another, and also producing twine free or
nearly so from knots.
In the drawings Fig. 1. is a side elevation, Fig. 2. an end elevation, Fig. 3. a
longitudinal section of machine on line fig. 4. Fig. 4. a plan of machine looking
at the top. Fig. 5 a part elevation of spindle, flyers, dressing, drying, and winding
arrangements. Fig. 6. a part elevation showing the application of two rollers for
carding purposes. Fig. 7. an elevation of face plate.
Like parts in all the views are marked with the same letters of reference.
A is the framework of machine, which is preferably though not neccessarily so,
made in the skeleton form shown in the drawings. On or to the bearer or stretcher a
is fixed any desired number of borizontal pins or spindles B at such distances apart
as will permit of the flyers C revolving freely. The distance between the spindles B
will vary with and he regulated by the size of the flyers. Upon each fixed pin or
spindle B may be placed any desired number of bobbins around which the spun
linen or other yarn has been previously wound. On each spindle or pin B is also
mounted so as to revolve freely near to the bearer a, a two armed boss ¹, to each of
which arms is fixed adjustably or otherwise one end of each of the horizontal bars C,
which form the flyers, whilst the opposite ends of each pair of bars are attached
adjustably or otherwise to a face-plate or disc d mounted upon a hollow shaft D
carried in bearings a' a³ on the stretcher at a of the framework A. It will readily
be seen on reference to Fig. 4 that a separate disc d', hollow shaft D, and bearings a¹ a³,
and fast and loose pulleys d¹² are provided for each flyer C, and fixed horizontal
spindle B.
In each of the bars forming the flyer are formed any desired number of round
holes c through which the spun yarn is passed as shown for obtaining the required
tension or drag, that is to say, the yarn from each bobbin is threaded through two
of the holes c (immediately opposite the bobbin) in the flyer C, and then passes
through the two square holes c near the face-plate d and from thence through the

page_text: '
space (between the end of spindle B and. faceplate d) to a number of holes (13
(see Fig. 7) formed in each faceplate which communicate with the interior of each
hollow shaft D. The space 62 between spindle B and face-plate d may be four or
five inches, or rather more than the thickness of the largest bobbin to be used.
By passing the yarn from each bobbin into a square hole or holes c' provided in each
flyer beyond the ends of the spindles B and within the spaces 2, not only is cach
strand of yarn as they are drawn from the bobbins prevented from being wrapped or
coiled round each other, or from being wound round the ends of the spindles, but
provision is also made whereby the various strands may be arranged for being twisted
together. The various strands to form the twine after leaving the holes c are passed
through the holes d³ in the face-plates (one strand through each hole) and are twisted
together within the hollow shafts D. A rotary motion is imparted to each hollow
shaft, face-plate, and flyer from driving shaft E (carried in suitable bearings on
framework) through pulleys d, e, and belting e¹ for giving the required twist to
the twine.
The twine after passing through each hollow revolving shaft is carried over and
round a roller F (carried in suitable bearings on the framework so as to extend
partially across the machine as shown at Figs. 2 and 4) and from thence, when the
iwine is required to be sized or starched to a roller fixed within a trough G
containing water placed either within the framework as shown at Figs. 1, 3, and 4,
or outside thereof as shown at Fig. 6. But when the twine is not required to
undergo the sizing or starching operation it is passed under and round the roller F
to the drying cylinder to be hereafter described. After the twine leaves the roller F
and before it reaches the water trough G it is made to pass through a series of pieces
of card filletting or over one or more rollers Harmel with strips of cards filletting,
preferably though not neccessarily so, laid spirally across the periphery of the rollers
as shown at Fig. 4.
When the carded rollers H are employed a suitable roller 2 (mounted on the
framework) and guide rods ff (carried respectively in the slotted arm a
attached to the framework and on to the water trough) armed with pins are employed
for collecting and presenting each separate line of twine to the roller or rollers H as
it passes both to and from the water trough, that is, the twine is first collected by
the roller and armed guide rod for f', or by the armed guide rod alone, by which
it is arranged in a line for being acted upon by the periphery of each of the rollers H
above the centre before passing round the roller g in the water trough, and after it has
passed round the said roller it is again arranged in position (as it leaves the trough)
by armed rod g' for being acted upon a second time by the periphery of each
roller H below it or their centres as it passes to the starch or size trough I.
Guides may be adjusted in arm a, whilst guido g may preferably be a
fixture on the trough G. After the twine has been acted upon a second time by the
carding roller or rollers (below it or their centres) it is passed over a fixed guide i
on the trough I and then under and round a roller i working in suitable bearings
within the size or starch trough I which is placed outside the framework A as shown
at Figs. 1, 3, and 4.
The twine from each hollow shaft D after leaving the trough 1 passes on to an
adjustable guide rod J (carried in suitable bearings on the framework, which may or
may not extend the full width of the machine) and then under and round a wharlj
to the drying cylinder K. Each wharl is made of such a width as to permit of the
twine passing ten or more times over the cylinder for drying and finishing purposes.
The wharls are mounted losely upon a shaft j' (below the drying cylinder K) carried
in bearings formed on stand or support k attached to the framework as shown at
Figs. 1 and 2.
The drying cylinder K is preferably mounted in bearings (formed in stand that
carries the wharl shaft j') above the revolving face-plates as shown at Figs. 1, 3, and 5,
and a rotary motion is imparted to it from the driving shaft E through change
gearing L L (carried on a suitable adjustable pin or stud) L, chain pinion M,
chain N, and chain wheel O.

page_text: The cylinder K is heated by steam (for drying and polishing purposes) supplied
through suitable pipes k¹, valves, and bonuets, and it is also provided with suitable
means for the escape of the steam and condensed water, all of which may be of
well known and ordinary construction. The cylinder K, card rollers H, wharl shaft j',
troughs G and I, rollers P P (to be hereafter explained) are preferably only made
to extend across the machine for a portion. of its width, that is, when more than six
or eight spindles are used, these parts may extend the distance of that number of
spindles and the twine as it passes from the remaining spindles and hollow shafts is
gathered into the space of the above named parts by the rollor 2 and guide pins on
adjustable rod f
Whilst the twine is passing from the trough I to the cylinder K it is either passed
through cocoa fibre or acted upon by one or more rollers P P1 (shown at Figs. 1
and 3) covered with strips or layers of cocoa fibre for dressing purposes. Motion
being conveyed to these rollers from card roller through pulley pp and belts p¹.
When more than one roller is employed for dressing purposes the larger one P is
mounted in bearings upon separate stands p² fixed to the framework, so as to operate
upon the outer surface of the twine as it passes from the wharls to the drying cylinder,
and a second and smaller roller P is arranged immediately under the cylinder K
(carried in bearings in stand k) so as to act upon the inner surface of the twine as
it leaves the cylinder in passing again on to the wharis By the action of the cocoa
fibre rollers, and heated drying cylinder the twine may be properly dressed, dried,
and polished before being wound on to the bobbins R. It will be readily seen that it
is the cylinder that draws the twine off the spun yarn bobbins and as its speed or
rotary motion is controlled by change wheel L' the velocity at which the twine is
made to travel between the bobbins and drying cylinder, as well as the amount of
twist to be given to the twine can be easily regulated by simply using a wheel L'
of larger or smaller diameter.
After the twine has been passed one, two, or more (preferably ten or twelve) times
round and over the wharls j and cylinder K it then passes respectively under and
over the guide rods 4, 7' to the bobbins R.
The guide rod q is carried by suitable brackets attached to the framework, whilst
quide rod (armed with a number of projecting pins q) q is carried at each end on
the top of a horizontal slide Q (carried in bearings q3 fixed to the framework) to
which a reciprocating motion is imparted from a pinion (keyed on end of drying
cylinder shaft) through spur wheel q', shaft 9, cams q pivoted and slotted arms g',
connecting rods q, weights, cords, and pulleys q for winding the twine evenly on
to each bobbin. The traverse or reciprocation of the slides may be adjusted or
regulated by raising or lowering the ends of the connecting rods q in the slotted
arms whereby the stroke of the slides is diminished or increased.
The bobbins R on to which the twine is wound are mounted (in suitable slots or
bearings) between the stretchers at a immediately over the hollow spindles D in
such a manner that their barrels are parallel with the hollow spindles. In the drawings
the flanges of the bobbins R are shown resting upon the hollow spindles so as to
receive a rotary motion from the latter by their frictional contact therewith, but when
preferred a pulley may be provided on the end of each bobbin by which it may be
driven by a belt from a pulley on the driving shaft E.
In the majority of cases it will be found when the bobbins R are driven by friction
as described it will be sufficient, seeing the rotary motion is for winding purposes
only and not for drawing the spun yarns off the bobbins b which latter operation is
performed by the drying cylinder K as previously described.
Suitable belt forks may also be employed for throwing the various belts on and
off the fast and loose pulleys, these may be of ordinary construction.
Motion may be imparted to the driving shaft of the machine from any convenient
source.
By the use of the above described machine I am enabled to perform the twisting,
carding, dressing, sizing, drying and polishing operations successively or simultaneously
on the same machine, that is to say, whilst the first portion of the twine from each

page_text: hollow spindle D is being drawn over or under the various rollers and guides and
through the troughs, to and over the drying cylinder, the operations are successively
performed, but afterwards they are continued successively and simultaneously with
each other without further handling the material, or removing it from one machine
to another, thus effecting a great saving in room and expensive machinery, as well as
of labor and time which such removals occassion.
In the drawings for sake of clearness the twine is shown by dotted lines
whilst the driving belts are shown thus
and the chains thus
Having now particularly described and
invention and in what manner the same is
I claim is.
、:;
-
-
= = =
ascertained the nature of my said
to be performed, I declare that what
1. A machine for the manufacture of twine in which the twisting, carding, sizing,
dressing, drying, and polishing operations may be successively or simultaneously
performed on one and the same machine during the passage of the twine from the
spun yarn bobbin to the winding on hobbin, without further handling or removal of
the material being operated upon, substantially as herein set forth and illustrated.
2. The combination of one or more horizontal spindles and flyers and parts connected
therewith, with a twine dressing and finishing machine whereby the spun yarn is
drawn off the bobbins by the drying cylinder during the twisting operation, and after
the said dressing and finishing operations have been performed wound on to bobbins
on the same machine substantially as herein set forth."
3. In a machine for twisting and finishing twine, the combination of one or more
spinilles such as B fixed to the framework of the machine for the reception of the
spun yarn bobbins, with the revolving perforated face-plates such as d, hollow spindles
such as D, and flyers such as C, said flyers being so arranged that a space is provided
between the end of each spindle B and face-plated, substantially as and for the purposes
herein set forth.
4. In a machine for twisting and finishing twine, the combination of the spindles
such as B. fixed to the framework of the machine, flyers such as C, face plates such
as d, hollow shafts such as D, with the carding and dressing rollers H and P P¹,
troughs such as G and I, drying cylinder such as K, and means for actuating the
same as and for the purposes set forth.
5. The twine twisting and finishing machine as a whole constructed and arranged
substantially as herein described and set forth.
Dated this Sixth day of April 1889
WILLIAM MYERS.
By W. Fairburn Hart,
Agent.