THE APPLI- CATION OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF FATTY AND OILY MATTERS TO THE MANU- TY
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Humfrey the younger, of No. 14, Terrace,
Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "THE APPLI-
CATION OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF FATTY AND OILY MATTERS TO THE MANU-
TY"
Scaled the 26th February 1856, and dated the 27th August 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Humfrey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1855.
I, CHARLES HUMFREY the younger, of No. 14, Terrace, Camberwell, in
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF FATTY AND OILY MATTERS TO THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES AND OTHER USES" to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to apply to the manufacture of candles and
other uses those particular products of fatty and oily matters obtained by the
processes described in my Provisional Specification of my Invention for "Im-.
provements in the manufacture of fatty and oily acids," bearing date this 27th.
August 1855.
First, with respect to candles made to burn with a plaited wick, I find that
the fatty or oily acids obtained as above can be applied to their manufacture
without any change, either in the mode of making, or in the preparation of the
L

page_text: wick. Such candles may be made of any required hardness by extracting by
pressure the more liquid portion of the fatty and oily acids.
.J
Secondly, with respect to candles made to burn in lamps with spiral wicks,
I find that the wicks ordinarily used are unable to sustain the heat of the
combustion of the above-mentioned fatty and oily acids, or are in some way
chemically acted upon by them, and it is requisite to prepare the cotton of
which such wicks are made in such manner as will enable them to withstand
this destructive action. The oily acid extracted by pressing, for the purpose
of making hard candles, can be advantageously applied to the manufacture of
soap, for burning in lamps, and for dressing wool. For the first purpose it can
be used as it comes from the presses; for the two last it will be requisite to
further separate the more solid portions by bagging, so as to render the oily
acid quite liquid, and also to re-boil it with very weak sulphuric acid, to remove
adhering impurities which it is sure to acquire in the process above mentioned.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Humfrey in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th February 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
HUMFREY the younger, of No. 14, Terrace, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty. Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Humfrey, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Hunfrey,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Humfrey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF
CERTAIN PRODUCTS OF FATTY AND OILY MATTERS TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
AND OTHER USES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Humfrey, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was

page_text: to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and. immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Humfrey, do hereby declare the
nature of the said 'Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of my Invention is to apply to the manufacture of candles and
other uses those particular products of fatty and oily matters obtained by the
processes described in the Specification of a Patent for improvements in
the manufacture of fatty and oily acids, granted to me, and bearing date the
Twenty-seventh day of August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
With respect to the application of the said products to the manufacture of
candles made to burn with spiral wicks, I find that the wicks ordinarily used
are unable to sustain the heat of the combustion of the above-mentioned pro-
ducts, or that they are in some way chemically acted upon thereby, and to
protect them from this destructive action it is requisite to prepare the cotton
of which such wicks are made. I find that if the cotton in skeins, previous to
its being made into the ordinary gimped wicks used in this description of
candles, or the wicks after they are made, be steeped in a solution of sulphate
of ammonia, containing about six hundred grains of such sulphate of ammonia
to the pint of water, and well dried, they will answer the purpose. I employ
the sulphate of ammonia, but other salts of ammonia may be used. With
respect to candles made to burn with plaited wicks, I find that the fatty and
oily acids obtained as above can be applied to their manufacture without any
change, either in the mode of making, or in the preparation of the wick; and
such candles can be made of any required hardness by extracting by pressure
the more liquid portions of the said fatty and oily acids, as is well understood.
The oily acid extracted by pressure can be advantageously applied to the
manufacture of soap, for which purpose no other precautions are requisite than
those employed by the manufacturers of oil soaps, or soaps made from the oleic
acid obtained from tallow. If the said oily acid be required for the purpose of
burning in lamps, by reason of its great inflammability it is requisite to mix it
with a considerable quantity of some fat oil, such as the oil obtained from
tallow or lard, or with such an oil as whale oil, and also to prepare the wicks,
as above described, with sulphate of ammonia.
For the purpose of dressing wool, for which I consider the said oily acid to
be particularly applicable, it will be requisite to obtain it as nearly liquid as
possible, which can be done by the ordinary process of bagging, and then to

page_text: treat it with weak sulphuric acid, to remove any trace of iron or other impurity
which it has acquired in the above processes of pressing and bagging.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as the Inven-
tion intended to be secured by the said Letters Patent is, the application of the
above-mentioned fatty and oily matters to the manufacture of candles and
other uses, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Humfrey the younger, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
CHARLES HUMFREY THE YOUNGER. (L.S.)
Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE, Patent Agent,
4, Trafalgar Square, Charing Cross.