matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BENDING OR FORMING WOODEN Hoops
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Faucher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 7th May
1867.
I, EDMOND FAUCHER, of Nantes, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR BENDING OR FORMING WOODEN Hoops," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to the purposes of bending or
forming wooden hoops of a series of four rollers moving in grooves, one of
which rollers is acted upon by springs, which press the roller and draws in and
contracts the hoop in its passage in contract with a central grooved roller;
this central grooved roller is turned by a handle working a series of cog
wheels and a loose fly wheel arranged so as to give the necessary speed to the
hoop that is drawn in between the toothed roller and the plain rollers. The
indentations in the hoop formed by the action of the toothed roller assists in
giving the circular form to the hoop, and to diminish the stubbornness and
risk of breakage in the piece of board to be bent. A series of conducting
rollers in grooves held in their places by set screws serve to conduct the hoop
after receiving the indentations from the central grooved roller, and to
regulate the curve requisite for hoops of different sizes.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR PROPELLING ROCKING HORSES, CARRIAGES, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Rowland Hill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1867.
I, JAMES WILLIAM ROWLAND HILL, of Boston, Massachusetts, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR PROPELLING ROCKING HORSES, CARRIAGES,
AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to means for causing a rocking horse, carriage, or other
vehicle to advance by its oscillating or rocking motion, the weight of the
horse or carriage together with the weight and action of the rider or operator
being the motive power.
The fore legs or supports of a rocking horse are jointed at their upper ends
to the body of the horse, and their lower ends project downward at the side of
the rockers or through long apertures formed in the same. Each leg or
support is provided with a shoulder or other means to keep it from projecting
too far below the rockers and at the same time allow it to move freely endwise
upon the same. The hind legs or supports are fixid rigidly to the horse, but
are jointed or pivoted to the rockers.
In applying my Invention to carriages or other vehicles the rockers and
supports may be arranged in a similar manner. When the horse or carriage

page_text: is at the forward: point: of. oscillation the fore legs or supports come in contact
with the ground and the rockers are: raised clear of the same; the rockers.
then slide forward past the said legs or supports and come to the ground in
advance of their former position;; springs, weights, or other devices are
connected with the fore legs or supports to raise them or carry them. forward.
at each: oscillation...
A. similar action may be produced at the backward motion of the horse or
carriage by means of an additional central leg or support, over which the horse-
or carriage is made to swing at the middle point of gravitation.. The ends of:
the fore-legs or supports. may be extended: upward past the-centre- or pivot:
upon which they work, and this extended portion may be employed to move:
the said supports forward and to otherwise assist the operator, or rider..
AN IMPROVED SHUTTLE EYE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Tasker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1867.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TASKER, of Bradford, in the County of York, Glass
Blower and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED SHUTTLE EYE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to shuttles employed in looms for weaving, and
consists in the construction and application thereto of glass eyes instead of
the pot or metallic eyes heretofore applied, which by the constant friction or
rubbing of the weft yarn in its passage therethrough the said yarn is chafed
and frequently broken thereby.
Now I have found that by the employment of glass as a material for the
construction of shuttle eyes, they wear much longer than pot or metallic eyes
and do not damage their weft yarn, consequently fewer breakages of the said
weft yarn occur in the process of weaving, and therefore less time is lost in
the stoppages of the loom for change of bobbins or reparation of breakages of
the weft yarn. These glass eyes may be made of any desirable form and
size and of any suitable quality of glass according to requirement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peebles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April 1867.
I, JOHN PEEBLES, of Errol, in the County of Perth, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to an improved arrangement or construction
of motive-power engines to be actuated or driven by steam, compressed air,
gas, water, or other liquids or fluids, consists as follows:-It being here ex-
plained that the motive-power engine belongs to that class of mechanism
known as rotary engines. The motive or other rotary apparatus is contained
within a stationary cylinder, the ends of which are closed and provided with
stuffing boxes, through which the driving shaft passes; on the part of this
sbaft contained within the cylinder a drum is fixed, in one side of which an
opening is made the whole width of the drum; the opening is fitted with a
tongue or vane capable of sliding upwards and downwards therein, and a
spring presses against the inner side of this tongue or vane forcing it out
against the inner side of the cylinder. At one part of the inner circumference
of the cylinder a curved piece of metal is fixed, the apex of the curve being
in close contact with the circumferential surface of the revolving drum, so
that one side of this curve constitutes an abutment from which the steam acts

page_text: against the vane, thereby causing the revolution of the working parts of the
engine. As soon as the drum has nearly completed a revolution the vane
comes in contact with the opposite side of the curved piece of metal, which
thereby forces the vane or tongue in wards, thus allowing complete rotations
to be performed, and as the vane approaches to the end of its revolution it
passes over the exhaust port, which is then open to allow the fluid or liquid used
for that rotation to escape, whilst on passing beyond the apex of the curve
the vane is again forced out by the spring, and the pressure of the liquid or
fluid again causes another rotation, and so on successively. An eccentric or
cam is fixed on the driving shaft for the purpose of actuating the valves by
which the entrance and exhaust ports are opened and closed, and the rubbing
surfaces of the different moveable parts are fitted with ordinary or other
metallic packing pressed against the bearing surfaces by springs.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TWISTING OR DOUBLING YARNS IN MULE SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holroyd and William
Fieldhouse at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th August 1867.
We, JAMES HOLROYD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM FIELDHOUSE, of Batley, also in the County of York, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF TWISTING OR DOUBLING YARNS IN MULE SPINNING MACHINERY," to be
as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to produce yarns with an irregular twist at
stated intervals upon mule frames. This irregular twist is effected by dispensing
with the usual motion to the drawing or delivery roller, and by causing it to
pause at given periods in its revolutions whilst delivering the yarn to be
twisted, such period being dependent upon the space required between each
irregularity, the intermediate space presenting the ordinary spiral twist. One of
the yarns to be twisted is passed through the drawing or delivery roller in the
ordinary way, and the other yarn or yarns to be twisted around it are passed
from the creel board over or through a fixed guide plate which runs the length
of the frame, and is so placed in front of and near to the drawing or delivery
roller-as-to-cause_the_yarn.or_yarns passing over or through it to effect a
junction at or near right angles to the yarn issuing from the drawing or

page_text: delivery roller. The temporary cessations in the revolutions of the drawing
or delivery roller are caused by using a driving wheel only partially toothed,
by which the drawing roller is actuated, so that at given intervals in its
revolution no motion is imparted to the drawing roller, at such intervals
the yarn or yarns passing direct from the creel board are twisted on a
contracted or limited portion of the yarn passing through the drawing or
delivery rollers, thus producing the peculiar formation required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR DIGGING POTATOES
Year: 1867

page_text: ROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McIntyre Cranston at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th September 1867.-A communication from abroad by Clark Chase,
residing at Portsmouth, Rhode Island, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM MCINTYRE CRANSTON, of 77, Upper Thames Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR DIGGING POTATOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in implements for digging
potatoes. The implement, which is in the nature of a plough, is constructed
with a mould board so formed that the earth and roots together rise up it on to
a number of inclined fingers or prongs, between which the earth in part passes
whilst the crop rising up falls off over their upper ends on to another set of
fingers beneath; these fingers are more nearly horizontal and form a grid, which
effects a further separation of the earth from the crop before the latter falls
on the land in the track of the implement. The fingers of the second set or
grid may be formed together with those of the first set, or they may be jointed
to them, and be each supported by a stem or leg resting on the land, and then
the inaqualities of the land as the implement passes over it give a shaking
motion to the second set of fingers, which assists in the separation of the crop
from the earth.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS SUFFICIENTLY PERMANENT TO BE STORED FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES AND ESPECIALLY IN THE TREATMENT OF THE HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER PRODUCTS OBTAINED BY DISTILLING OR CARBONIZING COAL, WOOD, AND OTHER CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, INCLUDING THOSE OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Aitchison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1867.
I, ADAM AITCHISON, of No. 11, Wilton Terrace, Peckham, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYDROCARBONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS
SUFFICIENTLY PERMANENT TO BE STORED FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES
AND ESPECIALLY IN THE TREATMENT OF THE HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER PRODUCTS
OBTAINED BY DISTILLING OR CARBONIZING COAL, WOOD, AND OTHER CARBONACEOUS
MATERIALS, INCLUDING THOSE OBTAINED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS, AND IN THE
DISTILLATION OF COAL TAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in first heating the hydrocarbons and other products
obtained from the distillation or carbonization of coal, wood, and other coni-
bustibles, as also other hydrocarbons, so as to convert the volatile constituents
thereof into the form of vapour, and in then causing such vapours to pass in
a more or less finely divided state against highly heated surfaces, whereby such
vapours are converted into gases sufficiently permanent to be stored for lighting
and heating purposes.
Various arrangements, means, and materials may be employed for bringing
the hydrocarbon vapours in a divided state in contact with the heated surfaces,
thus the vapours may be made to pass among balls or fragments of fire-clay
or other material capable of being heated to a considerable degree, or they

page_text: may be made to pass through highly heated perforated slabs or plates of
fire-clay or other material, or they may be made to pass between a number of
heated slabs or plates placed very close together or through tubular materials,
or any other contrivance may be employed, whereby the vapours are caused to
pass in a more or less finely divided state in contact with heated surfaces.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, PROPELLING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS AND GASES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bryer Nation at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1867.
I, WILLIAM BRYER NATION, of No. 394, Old Kent Road, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, FORCING, PROPELLING, AND EXHAUSTING FLUIDS
AND GASES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing apparatus for raising, forcing, pro-
pelling, or exhausting fluids or gases of an elastic and compressible pipe or
tubular passage communicating at one end with the supply pipe for the fluid
or gas, and at the other end with the delivery pipe, which tubular passage is
acted upon in succession by two or more rollers or pressers so arranged as to
travel along on the outside of the said passage, at the same time compressing
it and thereby forcing the fluid or gas contained in the passage before it
towards the delivery pipe as the one roller or presser passes along that part
of the passage over which it has passed, opens out again by virtue of its
elasticity, and becomes again filled with the fluid or gas, and when the one
roller or presser arrives near the delivery end of the passage another roller
commences to pass over and compress the same near the supply end, and so
on continuously, each roller or presser being made successively to force the
body of fluid or gas in the passage along the same to the delivery end, and to
keep the passage compressed until another roller has commenced compressing
it at the supply end.,

page_text: The construction of the elastic passage and the manner of acting upon the
same by means of the pressers may be variously modified; thus, the passage
may be made of india-rubber tubing, fixed on a semicircular bed, and two
compressing rollers may be fixed to opposite arms on a spindle made to revolve
by means of a crank handle or other suitable gearing, so that the rollers pass
consecutively over and compress the semicircular passage; two or more such
passages may be arranged side by side communicating with the same delivery
pipe, and acted upon by two or more sets of arms arranged at right angles
upon one and the same shaft, so as to produce a continuous flow of the fluid
or gas from the delivery pipe; or the passage may be fixed on a straight bed
and be acted upon in succession by two or more rollers or pressers having a
reciprocating motion imparted to them in such a manner that as the one is
moving forward along the passage the other is performing its backward motion
in a raised position away from the passage. The passage may also be made
of leather or any other suitable more or less perfectly impervious non-elastic
material instead of india-rubber, and be caused to open out by means of
springs after the rollers have passed over it.
This apparatus is applicable as a lift or force pump, worked either by hand
or by other power, and may with advantage be employed for fire engines and
for other purposes for which ordinary pumps are employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THE CURE OF THE DISEASE CALLED FOOT ROT IN SHEEP
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Murhall Woolrich at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th February
1867.
I, MURHALL WOOLRICH, of Well House, Handley, in the County of Chester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THE CURE OF THE DISEASE CALLED FOOT
ROT IN SHEEP," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in means and apparatus
employed for the more speedy and effectual cure of the disease known to
farmers and others as the "foot rot" in sheep, whereby a more rapid cure is
effected, a great saving in the dressing or ointments used is obtained, and the
chances of the spread of the disease by contact of the feet of sound sheep with
those affected are entirely obviated. It is well known, this, as at present
practised when sheep affected with the "foot rot" are dressed with ointment
or other material, the larger part, if not the whole, of such dressing is imme-
diately rubbed off by contact with the grass in the fields or the soil in the
yards into which the animals are turned, while sound sheep stepping on to the
dressing and matter so rubbed off are liable at once to take the disease by
contagion. Now my Invention entirely obviates this difficulty, and for the
purpose of carrying out my improvements I make a sort of boot, by prefer-
ence of leather or other suitable pliable material, constructed so as to fit loosely
over the foot of the sheep and extending upwards from 4 to 6 inches in height,
the sole or inner lining being made of the same material as the body or leg of

page_text: the boot; the boot is retained on the leg of the sheep by a strap and buckle
or other suitable fastening which is firmly tightened round the leg. I construct
the outer sole of sheet iron, stamped or worked into proper shape, or it may
be made of malleable cast iron or other suitable metal or material, and may
be galvanized or tinned to prevent corrosion; this outer sole is fixed to the
boot by sewing or rivetting, or other means. In treating sheep affected with
the "rot," I dress the feet with a sufficient quantity of dressing or ointment,
and then place the boot over the foot so dressed, fastening the strap tightly
round the shank of the animal's leg; the dressing so applied is thus retained
in its place and a cure is affected in very much less time than is now occupied,
whilst, owing to the whole of the dressing being retained within the boot there
is no chance of the spread of the disease by other animals coming in contact
with those suffering from the complaint.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Grylls, Henry
Neville, Joseph William Brooks, and James Holt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 3rd May
1867.
We, HENRY WILLIAM GRYLLS, of Dalston, Civil Engineer, HENRY NEVILLE,
of Mile End, Builder, JOSEPH WILLIAM BROOKS, of Victoria Park, Gentleman,
and JAMES HOLT, of Hackney Road, Gentleman, all in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists in an improved arrangement of apparatus for
obtaining motive power for the propulsion of railway and other land carriages,
ships, boats, and other vessels for sea, river, or canal navigation, balloons, and
other aerial machines, and also for driving machinery.
In the framework of the apparatus is mounted a centre shaft furnished with
a cylinder or cylinders which carry the motive spring or springs, each of which
may if required be wound separately. On each end of the cylinders is placed
a metal disc furnished with slots at the sides, the two dises of each cylinder
being fastened together by screw bolts or other suitable means, each cylinder
with its dises thus forms a drum or barrel enclosing a spring, the outer end of
each spring is connected to a sliding bar which projects through the slots in
the discs. On one end of each drum is fixed a cog wheel gearing with a
small cog wheel, the shaft of which carries a pulley or drum for receiving
straps or bands for driving machinery. The motive springs are wound up by

page_text: means of a hand wheel, ratchet wheel, lever, and fly wheel, which may be
used together or separately for starting and keeping in motion the machinery
to which the improved apparatus is applied. The spring shaft is provided
with ratchet wheels in which gear catches for preventing the springs from
running back. For effecting the reverse motion of the apparatus we employ
the following arrangement :-Behind the standards carrying the centre shaft
are two vertical sliding standards, which may be raised and depressed by
means of a lever; on the top ends of these sliding standards is fixed a pair of
wedges, so that when these standards are lowered by means of the aforesaid
lever the wedges move the standards (which are hinged) carrying the centre
shaft, and put its cog wheel in gear with a small cog wheel on a shaft in the
sliding standards, by which the reverse motion is obtained. A grooved
friction wheel with lever and sliding weight attached is fixed on the centre
shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINING AND OTHER LAMPS, AND IN LAMP AND CANDLE CASES AND HOLDERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Aldous Mays at the
Office of Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1867.
I, JONATHAN ALDOUS MAYS, of No. 2, West Street, Finsbury Circus, in
the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MINING AND OTHER LAMPS, AND IN LAMP AND CANDLE
CASES AND HOLDERS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
I propose to extinguish the light in an ordinary mining or other lamp or
candle case by suddenly covering and stopping up the orifices or apertures in
the casing of the lamp or candle case through which the supply of fresh air is
admitted to the flame. I also propose to extinguish the light in another way
by causing the flame to be suddenly encased by a hollow tube or cylinder
working upwards from below the level of the flame, which said cylinder shall
shut off the wick from contact with fresh air. In either case combustion will
instantly cease by reason of the absence of the necessary fresh air and the
light will be extinguished. I also further propose to cause either or both of
these operations to be effected in such a manner and by such means that a
lighted lamp or candle having been placed within the casing or chimney of
the lamp cannot be withdrawn thence without causing the orifices or apertures
aforesaid to be so covered and stopped up, or such cylinder aforesaid to be so.
raised as to enclose the light within itself as aforesaid.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ENGINE OR MACHINE FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Francombe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1867.
I, JAMES FRANCOMBE, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, South
Wales, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED ENGINE OR MACHINE FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
My Invention essentially consists in the construction of engines or machines
for obtaining and applying motive power wherein the piston is a fixture and
the cylinder is movable.
According to one arrangement the cylinder is suspended from a cross shaft
resting in bearings in a frame and free to oscillate thereon, the frame uniting
the shaft to the cylinder acting as a pendulum. The cylinder forms an are of
a circle of which the centre is the centre of the shaft from which it is sus-
pended. In the cylinder there is a fixed piston. By admitting steam, air,
water, or gas into the cylinder on alternate sides of the piston the cylinder is
caused to oscillate or swing on the cross shaft, and thus to communicate a
rotary motion to a crank shaft linked or connected thereto. Instead of the
cylinder forming an arc of a circle it may be straight, as cylinders of ordinary
construction, in which case it would be necessary to link the cylinder to the
frame uniting it with the main shaft.
According to another arrangement I reverse the position of the cylinder,
placing the shaft below the cylinder, whereby the cylinder rocks on the said
shaft; and by another arrangement the cylinder and shaft are set horizontally,

page_text: but in either position the action is similar; the Invention essentially consisting
in the construction of motive power engines wherein the cylinder is caused to
move on a fixed piston or shaft substantially as described. When required
I employ a fly wheel for regulating the motion which is mounted on a shaft
passing through a slot formed in the frame uniting the cylinder and shaft.
Engines constructed in the manner before described are applicable for
obtaining motive power generally for driving hydraulic machinery, for working
presses or squeezers, and as tilt or steam hammers, and in some cases for
working the slide valves of, steam engines, all which I purpose to describe in
my Final Specification, but into the details of which it is not necessary to
enter here.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UTILIZATION OF MINERAL AND OTHER OILS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Duyck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th March
1867.
I, JAMES EDWARD DUYCK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE UTILIZATION OF MINERAL AND OTHER OILS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT,
AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its essential object an improved mode of burning
mineral and other oils for generating steam, and other purposes wherein the
application of heat is necessary; it consists in placing within the furnace
wherein heat is to be developed a vessel or apparatus, which may be of various
shapes according to the form of the furnace wherein it is to be applied. The
vessel or apparatus is caused to revolve by gearing actuated by a steam engine
or in any other convenient manner. The shaft upon which the vessel or
apparatus revolves is hollow or tubular, and it is connected by a pipe with the
cistern in which the oil is contained; by means of this pipe the oil is conducted
to the interior of the vessel or apparatus. The tubular shaft at the centre of
the apparatus is provided with feed pipes which radiate from it to the outer
casing of the apparatus; this is fitted with either wire gauze, loose wires, or
asbestus, or asbestus and wire combined, so as to produce an incombustible
wick, and burners are fixed on the exterior, which may or may not be filled
with asbestus, through which the oil percolates and is burnt as soon as
ignited.

page_text: From the construction of the apparatus it enables either steam or air,
separate or combined, to be blown or forced through it by suitable connections
from an air vessel and boiler with the tubular shaft, or steam and air separate
or combined may be blown into the space between the furnace and the oil
burning apparatus, so as to take up the surplus carbon of the oils and assist
their combustion. Rotation is imparted to the apparatus to facilitate the
passage of the oils to the burners, which is effected by gravitation or other
form of force causing the oil to flow through each feed pipe to the exterior
during the time one half of the vessel or apparatus passes through the lower
half of its revolution.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ADJUSTING OR SECURING SCARFS, NECKTIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF APPAREL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th September
1867.
I, SAMUEL JAY, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR ADJUSTING OR SECURING SCARFS, NECKTIES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF APPAREL,"
to be as follows:-
"
The chief object of my apparatus is to adjust or secure scarfs and neckties
so that they cannot rise up the collar, but the apparatus may also be applied
to securing or adjusting waist belts and other articles of apparel.
My apparatus consists of two main parts, viz., one or more turned down
pins or points which are inserted into the article to be adjusted or secured,
and one or more turned up hooks, preferably flat, to take under another article
of apparel, which in the case of scarfs and neckties would be the collar.
These two parts are connected together by a piece of tape or other suitable
material, and their distance may be adjusted as required.
An APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING HEAT FROM ONE CURRENT OF GAS TO ANOTHER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1867. A communication from Monsieur Charles Fleurot, residing
at Val d'Ajol, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENE, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidelité, Paris, in
the Empire of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
APPARATUS FOR TRANSFERRING HEAT FROM ONE CURRENT OF GAS TO ANOTHER," to
be as follows, that is to say:—
The object of the Invention communicated to me is to collect the caloric
contained in a current of hot gases for the purpose of heating & current of
cold gases (and in practice also for heating cold gases or cooling hot gases)
and to obtain this double action in a continuous manner. And the Invention
consists in the construction of apparatus by which this object may be effected;
this object may be obtained by means of a receiver containing metallic gauze
or plates forming large absorbent and repelling surfaces, and through each
part of which the two currents successively pass in opposite directions. When
the hot current passes through, the metal surfaces are heated by contact with
the gases which are thereby gradually cooled, and which at their outlet are
relatively cold. The cold current acting inversely will cool such metal
surfaces, the caloric of which will heat the cold gases which at their egress will
be relatively hot, so that the caloric abstracted from the hot will be transferred
to the cold gases.

page_text: The apparatus may be constructed in various ways; in one arrangement
the metal receiver is of a cylindrical form mounted on an axis and turning
thereon, and which contains the metal gauze or plates, which are so arranged
as to allow the passage of two currents in directions parallel to the axis.
The receiver is placed so as to intercept the two fixed conducts, the sections
of which would each occupy a more or less large proportion of the section of
the disc. The current of hot gases arriving in one conduct at a high tem-
perature heats the metallic surfaces with which it comes in contact in passing
through the cylindrical receiver, and loses thereby a part of its caloric, and
arrives in the opposite corresponding conduct at a lower temperature. The
current of cold gases at a low temperature which would move in a contrary
direction to the hot current in passing through the cylinder becomes heated
by contact with the metallic surfaces (heated by the hot current) by cooling
them, and would arrive at the last conduct at a higher temperature. As the
cylinder receives a rotary motion its various parts are presented successively
like a series of prisms to the orifices of the two conducts, and will become
hot and cold alternately by the passage of the two currents; this action would
also be obtained if the two currents were sent in different directions, as, for
instance, from the exterior cylindrical surface to the concentric interior surface,
and reciprocally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MODE OR MODES OF CONNECTING AND WORKING RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR TRAINS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue and William
Dredge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st December 1867.
We, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of 10, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Engineer, and WILLIAM DREDGE, of Buckingham Street, Strand, in the said
City, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AND MODE OR MODES OF CONNECTING AND
WORKING RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR TRAINS," to be as follows:-
With beavy trains on ordinary gradients and light trains on steep gradients
it has been the practice to couple the wheels of tho engine, and to employ
heavy engines in order to obtain the requisite traction power from the drawing
and coupled wheels by reason of their hold or grip upon the rails; and
whereas it is evident that if the wheels of each or several of the carriages
were made to take a hold or grip the driving carriage or engine would not
require to be of so great a weight, and it is apprehended that the distribution
of the grip would enable a lighter and less costly permanent way to be em-
ployed, now the Invention has this distribution for its object, and consists of
a mode or modes of constructing railway carriages with connecting rods and
cranks, or with rods and gearing, or with equivalents for the rods, shafting,
and gearing which admit of carriages being so coupled or connected and so
worked that the power exerted by or issuing from the driving carriage or
engine may be transmitted to one or more of the axles of one or more of the
other carriages of a train, and consequently through the axles to a number of

page_text: the wheels. The following is the intended manner of performing the Inven-
tion: A connecting rod or rods is or are to be furnished to each carriage
lying longitudinally with regard to same, and working a crank or cranks on
one or more of the axles, the connecting rods of the carriage when required
being constructed with universal or other joints affording the required play or
movement for curves horizontally, and for vertical or other inequalities, and
the rods having a reciprocating motion given them from the engine. The
wheels of any individual carriage may be coupled in the ordinary direct
manner, that is to say, direct from wheel to wheel, but it is not contemplated
to couple directly the wheels of one carriage to those of another. The
Invention also comprises such a disposition and arrangement of the several
carriages in connection with the driving carriage or engine that the cranks
of some of the carriages shall be at an angle with the cranks of other
carriages, so as to ensure the movement of the train (when started) in the
required direction.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING AND EMBOSSING SURFACES FROM PHOTOGRAPHS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Howe Ashton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1867.
I, ROBERT HOWE ASHTON, of Ashton-on-Mersey, in the County of Chester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRINTING AND EMBOSSING SURFACES FROM
PHOTOGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in certain combined operations whereby I
obtain printing surfaces which may be used after the manner of engraved
plates. In the first place I obtain a mould or "relief" by exposing a
photograph to light in combination with sensitized gelatine or other such
organic matter, as is well understood; the gelatine mould I then place in
contact with a slab of soft or "fusible" metal, and submit the whole to
pressure; this process forms a metallic mould, from which I obtain an
electrotype constituting a printing or embossing surface. Whether this
electrotype is taken direct will depend upon the photograph having been
negative or positive. If it be necessary to obtain an intermédiate mould a
cast may be taken in any plastic material, but a special method I employ is
as follows:-I take a sheet of wax and coat it with plumbago or other such
substance which will constitute a surface for conducting electricity, and I

page_text: then press upon this surface the aforesaid soft or fusible metal mould and
electrotype the wax mould; or I press the gelatine mould above described
upon the slab of wax direct. Printing surfaces obtained by these means may
be used after the manner of copper-plate printing, or may be employed for
producing "photo-relievo " printing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH- LOADING REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gustavus Rollins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
May 1867. A communication from abroad by Reuben Drew, of Lowell,
in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, JOHN GUSTAVUS ROLLINS, of Old Swan Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS," a communication to me from abroad by Reuben
Drew, of Lowell, in the State of Massachusetts, United States of America,
to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in breech-loading revolving
fire-arms, and relates to the application of means or apparatus for ejecting the
cartridge cases from the charge chambers in the revolving breech previous to
reloading such charge chambers. For this purpose a sliding piston is arranged
to slide in a suitable guide or guides in front of the revolving breech; such
piston is acted upon to force it into the charge chambers, and thereby eject
the cartridge cases by the hand pressing upon an enlargement or projection
on the forward end thereof whilst it is removed from the chambers by a
spring. If desired the sliding piston may be acted upon by a lever to eject
the cartridge cases from the charge chambers. The fire-arm is so arranged
that the charging of the chambers in the revolving breech takes place when
the hammer is at half-cock, a suitable covering piece being then turned down
so as to uncover the breech of such chambers as they are successively brought
into position for loading, as is well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING TURNIPS AND MANGEL WURZEL FOR THE FOOD OF ANIMALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1867.
I, HUGH SMITH, of Much Hadham, in the County of Herts, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING
TURNIPS AND MANGEL WURZEL FOR THE FOOD OF ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing turnips and
mangel wurzel for the food of animals. For these purposes the turnips
and mangel wurzel are reduced into a pulp and then subjected to heat to
drive off the water and to dry the same, when the pulp will be in a more
suitable condition to feed animals, and will be found to be more productive of
fat than turnips or mangel wurzel eaten in the raw state. The dried pulp
may also with advantage be mixed with gluten, or with common beans, or
other food, whether ground or whole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stubbs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1867.
I, JOHN STUBBS, of Gravel Lane, Winsford, in the County of Cheshire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of furnaces.
or fire-places applicable to steam generators, salt pans, and other purposes,
whereby the prevention of smoke is effected.
According to this Invention it is proposed to construct at the back ends of
the fire-bars and on each side of the furnace two abutments or projections of
fire-brick or fire-clay lumps, in order to prevent the smoke and gases from
passing along the side walls of the furnace, and to deflect the same under an
arch or bridge, also built of fire-brick or fire-clay blocks, and spanning the
space between the said abutments or projections. This arch or bridge may
be either solid or perforated, and the burning fuel is to be pushed under it
whilst fresh fuel is thrown on to the front portion of the grate. The smoke
and unconsumed gases from the fresh fuel passes under and over the fire-
brick arch or bridge, where it is ignited and effectually consumed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING THE HAIR OFF HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shanks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April 1867.
I, JAMES SHANKS, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CUTTING THE HAIR OFF HORSES OR OTHER ANIMALS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its essential object the application of a portable
machine or apparatus for the purpose of clipping, cutting, or shaving the hair
from horses or other animals, whereby the services of professional or skilled
clippers is rendered unnecessary.
The machine or apparatus used consists of a metallic or other framework
provided with a handle, by which the operator holds it, or it may be held by a
strap like an ordinary "horse brush ;" the framework is also provided with
rollers on which it rests, and is rolled over the surface from which the hair is
to be cut. The lower part of the framework carries a cutting cylinder, the
cutting surface being formed of helical or other shaped knives, and an edge
or plate extends across the machine or framework against which the knives of
the revolving cylinder act, so that when the machine or apparatus is advanced
forward the hair comes into contact with the revolving cylinder and plate and
is clipped. The cutting cylinder is caused to revolve by gearing actuated by
one of the shafts of the carrying rollers, and it is fitted in adjustable bearings
so that the fineness or coarseness of the cut may be regulated at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING 'COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE GUARD AND THE PASSENGERS IN A RAILWAY TRAIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thomas Skinner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1867.
I, JAMES THOMAS SKINNER, of Keele, Newcastle, in the County of Stafford,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING 'COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE GUARD AND THE
PASSENGERS IN A RAILWAY TRAIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for facilitating
communication between the guard and the passengers in a railway train. In
order that the guard may be able to pass safely along a railway train whilst
in motion I fix on the side of each of the carriages just over the tops of the
doors a horizontal bar, by preference of tubular form, and connect these bars
together from end to end of the train by connecting pieces; it may be of ash
or other flexible wood which are conveniently arranged to enter the ends of
the tubular fixed bars. On the continuous guide so obtained a small frame
mounted on wheels or friction pulleys is able to traverse, and this is connected
by a strap or otherwise to the person of the guard, who thus supported is able
to walk with perfect security along footboards on the carriages.
AN IMPROVED CASTER FOR TABLES, CHAIRS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th November 1867. - A communication from abroad by Edward
Ward Wilder and Simon Gardner Cheever, Consulting Engineer, both of
Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the International Patent Office, No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CASTER FOR TABLES, CHAIRS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE," a communication,
to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in the employment in combination with the
ordinary parts of such casters of an auxilliary antifriction roller with a
convex periphery which is supported to turn freely upon a stud or pin attached
to the frame of the caster and arranged to roll upon a concave surface formed
upon the foot or leg to which the caster is attached or upon a circular plate
secured upon the same. The caster frame may be constructed of brass or
other suitable material and of any convenient form. The two jaws between
which the wheel is fitted are united at the top by a cross piece which carries
the spindle or shank of the caster frame. Another parallel cross piece or rib
extends across the frame, the space between the two forming a chamber to

page_text: receive the auxilliary antifriction roller whose pin or axis is rivetted in the
two cross pieces; this pin or axis is arranged at an obtuse angle with the
spindle or shank of the caster frame. The periphery of the antifriction roller
is made convex and rolls upon a corresponding concave surface formed around
the under side of the flange or plate of the socket in which the shank or spindle
turns or swivels or upon the bottom of the leg or foot to which the caster is
attached. This form and arrangement of the roller and its bearing surface,
besides reducing the direct friction between the spindle and socket, also
prevents the lateral or oblique strain and friction between the said spindle and
socket arising in casters of ordinary construction from the lateral distance
between the centres of the said spindle and the caster wheel.
These improved casters will turn freely with the slightest movement of the
article of furniture to which they are attached, and will move in any direction
without cutting or otherwise injuring the floor or carpet upon which they
travel.