BUR
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1886.
Complete Left, 20th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 19th Aug., 1887.
We, THE PATENT ARGAND GAS AND OIL BURNERS COMPANY Limited of
101 Leadenhall Street, in the city of London, in the county of Middlesex, and
RICHARD THOMAS STRANGMAN of the same address, Secretary to the said Putent
Argand Gas and Oil Burners Company Limited do hereby declare the nature of this
Invention to be as follows:-
Our invention consists partly in improvements in certain details of the burners for
which the Letters Patent No. 84 dated 7th January 1881, and No. 2971 dated
14th June 1883, were granted to Sir James Nicholas Douglass, and also in the
combination of fresh parts with such burners.
The
Our improved burner is constructed substantially in the following manner.
lower part of the burner consists of a chamber or reservoir of a hemispherical, semi-
elliptic, or other suitable form, with a flat or nearly flat top.
The gas is admitted to the said chamber through a gas check made of steatito, metal,
or other suitable material, placed at the bottom or other part of the said chamber.
The holes in the said device for the passage of the gas are made of such a size as to
pass only such a quantity of gas as will give the best result at one inch or other given
pressure.
The burner proper consists of one or more Argand rings and is connected with the
aforesaid chamber by several small tubes, not less than six such tubes being preferably
employed for each ring of the burner, in order to ensure an equable supply of and
so prevent the formation of points or unevenness in the flame.
gas
The aforesaid gas check or governor, in the chamber, tends to equalize changes
in pressure in the gas supply, and the said chamber is made sufficiently large to
form a reservoir from which the gas may flow quietly and equally to the burner
through the aforesaid small tubes and thus produce a flame free from jumping and
unsteadiness.
The distance between the top of this chamber and the chamber or chambers in which
the burner ring or rings are fixed, is so proportioned as to allow free passage for the
quantity of air required for proper combustion.

page_text: The gas chamber becoming.heated by conduction from the flame, heats the
gas
passing through it, thus causing the burner to act to a certain extent as a regenerative
burner and still further increase the illuminating power of the flame.
A washer of non-conducting material is preferably inserted in the joint between
the chamber and the supply pipe to prevent the heat passing beyond the burner.
In the upper part of the chamber, just beneath the orifices of the aforesaid small
tubes, we place a disc of fine wire gauze, and in the annular space within each
ring of the burner, we place one or more washers of flannel or similar suitable material,
in order still further to ensure steadiness in the flow of the gas and in the flame or
flames.
In combination with the burner we employ deflecting cones, similar to those
shewn and described in the aforesaid patents No. 84 of 1881 and No. 2971 of 1883
of Sir James Nicholas Douglass, but modified considerably in form and method of
construction.
In the original "Douglass" Cones, the outer one has the smallest aperture, the
inner cones having successively increasing apertures, the edge of the innermost one
being, in most casos, in the same plane, or nearly so, as the top of the burner ring.
In our improved cones we reverse this arrangement; thus we make the innermost cone
with the smallest aperture, and we turn over the edge of such cone, so that the said
edge projects about halfway over the top of the argand ring, when one ring only is
employed, or about halfway over the top of the outer ring when more than one such
ring is used, that is to say that on viewing the burner in plan such edge projects
about halfway over the small holes in the top of the ring. The remainder of our
cones we make with successively increasing apertures, the outermost having the
largest.
•
Ägain instead of arranging the bottom edges of the cones all in the same plane, as
shewn in the aforesaid patents No. 84 of 1881 and No. 2971 of 1883, we make the
innermost cone the deepest and the outer cones each shallower in succession, which has
the effect of ensuring a more equal distribution of the indraught of air amongst the
said cones.
In the construction of the cones, we preferably spin them out of sheet metal, and
we spin the outermost cone with a gallery or flange on the outside, and in one
piece therewith, on which the bottom edge of the glass chimney rests, and we
preferably form such gallery or flange with a small vertical edge or lip in order to
retain the said chimney more securely in place.
The chimney which we prefer to use with our improved burner is of a bell
mouthed form, but chimnies of other shape may be employed, provided their
length and diameter are suitable to the burner with which they are to be used.
A tube, ferrule, or ring, having three or more radial arms formed in one therewith
is fitted to slide over the Argand ring or over the outer ring when more than one is
used. The said radial arms are notched to receive the lower edges of tho cones, which
are secured in position thereon by rivets passing through them and through the arms.
By this method of construction we dispense with the use of solder or brazing and
entirely overcome any tendancy of the said cones to be injured or displaced by the
heat of the flame.
Within the burner ring, or within the innermost ring, when more than one is used,
we support upon a vertical stem a small disc, capable of adjustment for height thereon.
An annular space is left between the edge of the disc and the burner ring for the
passage of the air and when the said disc is placed at the proper height it deflects an
air current against the inside of the flame, while the cones deflect currents against the
outside and when the said cones and disc are properly adjusted, we obtain thereby
a very great increase in the illuminating efficiency and steadiness of the flame,
and we moreover give such a form and direction to the flame and to the ascending
heated currents, that all injury and danger of breakage to the glass chimney is
obvinted.
We surround the space between the top of the chamber and the bottom of
the outer cone with wire-gauze, or finely perforated sheet metal, or other suitable

page_text: material. This has the effect of preventing any unsteadiness or flickering in the
flame from external draughts of air and also improves the contour and appearance of
the burner.
We wish it to be understood that we do not necessarily always combine the whole
of the aforesaid improvements in one and the same burner, although in practice
we generally prefer to do so, and moreover that certain of our said improvements
are applicable to circular or ring burners, other than the ordinary Argand burner,
herein before mentioned; also that although we have so far described our improve-
ments as applied to burners constructed to consume gas, certain of such improvements,
that is to say, the improved cones, either in combination with, or without the inner
disc are equally applicable to circular oil burners, having one or more wicks or rings
for flame.
,
AMBROSE MYALL, C.E.,
Agent for the Applicants.
We THE PATENT ARGAND GAS AND OIL BURNERS COMPANY Limited of
101 Leadenhall Street, in the city of London, in the county of Middlesex and
RICHARD THOMAS STRANGMAN of the same address, Secretary to the said Patent
Argand Gas and Oil Burners Company Limited do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
Our invention consists partly in improvements in certain details of the burners for
which the Letters Patent No. 84 dated 7th January 1881 and No. 2971 dated
14th June 1883 were granted to Sir James Nicholas Douglass, and also in the
combination of fresh parts with such burners.
In the accompanying six sheets of drawings, Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 a
sectional elevation and Figure 3 a sectional plan through the line X X in Fig. 2, of
a gas burner constructed according to one method of carrying out our invention.
Figs. 4 and 5 are part sectional elevations shewing slight modifications in the
construction of the lower part of the burner.
Fig. 6 is a section of a modified form of deflecting cone.
Fig. 7 is a plan and Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation of an ordinary Argand gas
burner, with certain of our improvements applied thereto.
Fig. 9 is a plan and Fig. 10 an elevation of an improved form of clip for securing
the glass chimney.

page_text: Fig. 11 is a plan and Fig. 12 a part sectional elevation showing certain of our
improvements applied to a circular oil burner.
Fig. 13 is a sectional elevation and Fig. 14 is a plan of part of a gas burner and
a gas check of modified form constructed according to our invention and Figs. 15
and 16 are detached views of part of the said gas check.
Fig. 17 is a plan, Fig. 18 a half sectional elevation and Fig. 19 a sectional plan
through the line Z Z in Fig. 18 of a further modification of a gas burner constructed
according to our invention.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts throughout the drawings.
In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the lower part of the burner consists of a chamber or
reservoir A, of a hemispherical form, with a flat, or nearly flat top A¹, screwed
thereon as shewn. A chamber of a semi-elliptic, or any other suitable shape may
however be employed. The gas is admitted to the chamber A through a gas
check B, made of steatite, metal or other suitable material, and placed in the mouth
of the socket C. Such socket C and gas check B are not necessarily placed at the
bottom of the chamber A, as shewn, but may, if required, be situated at the side
of the said chamber. The holes B' in the gas check B for the passage of the gas,
are made of such a size as to pass, at a given pressure, only such a quantity of gas
in a given time, as will yield the best result, at the said given pressure. One method
of arranging a side socket, which is found convenient for many purposes, is shown in
section in Fig. 4, where A is the reservoir, B¹ the holes in the gas check, and C tho
socket. In place of a socket, as shewn in Figs. 2 and 4, we may provide the
reservoir with an externally screwed tapering nipple of the usual well known form,
as shown in sectional elevation at O¹´in Fig. 5, so that the samo burnor will fit
sockets of different sizes. The burner proper, consists of the ordinary arrangement
of an argand ring, formed preferably of a metallic annular chamber D, and a
steatite, or metal, annular chamber E screwed or fixed therein, but the whole may be
of metal in one piece, if desired.
The said chamber É is provided with a ring of small holes, as shewn in plan in
Fig. 1, but two or more such rings of holes may be formed therein if required.
Small tubes F connect the chamber A with the ring D. Eight such tubes aro
shown in the plan Fig. 3, but a larger or smaller number may be employed according
to the size of the burner. Less than six however are preferably not used, in order to
ensure an equable supply of gas to the ring D and prevent the formation of points or
unevenness in the fame. The chamber A is made sufficiently large to form a
reservoir, in which the gas can expand after passing through the check B and from
which tho gas may flow quietly and equably to the burner through the small tubes F
and be consumed at the lowest available pressure and thus produce a flame free from
jumping or unsteadiness. The pipes F are of such a length that the distance between
the top of the chamber A and the bottom of the ring B allows free passage to the
interior of the burner for the proper quantity of air required to support effective
combustion. The chamber A becoming heated by conduction, heats the gas passing
through it, thus causing the burner to act, to a certain extent, as a regenerativo
burner, and so increase the illuminating power of the flame. A washer H, of non-
conducting material, is preferably inserted in the joint made by the socket C with
the supply pipe, to check the heat passing from the burner to the said pipe. In the
upper part of the chamber A, just beneath the orifices of the tubes F, we may, if
desired, place one or more discs J of fine wire gauze, and in the annular chamber D
one or more washers K of flannel or similar suitable material, in order still further
to ensure steadiness in the flow of the gas and in the flame.
In combination with the burner we employ deflecting cones L L'L, similar to those
shewn and described in the aforesaid patents No. 84 of 1881 and No. 2971 of 1883
of Sir James Nicholas Douglass, but so modified in form and method of construction
as to enable us to obtain an increased efficiency in illuminating power from a given
quantity of gas, as well as an improved form of flame and other important advantages.
In the original" Douglass" deflecting cones, the outer one has the smallest aperture,
the inner cones having successively increasing apertures, the edge of the innermost

page_text: one being, in most cases, in the same plane, or nearly so, as the top of the burner
ring E. In our improved cones we reverse this arrangement; thus we make the
innermost cone L with the smallest aperture, and we turn over the upper edge of
such cone so that the said edge projects about halfway over the top of the argand
ring E, that is to say that on viewing the burner in plan, see Fig. 1, such edge
projects about halfway over the small holes in the top of the ring E. The remainder
of our cones we make with successively increasing apertures, as clearly shewn in
Figs. 1 & 2, the outermost L³ having the largest aperture. Again, instead of
arranging the bottom edges of the cones all in the same plane, as shewn in the
aforesaid patents No. 84 of 1881 and No. 2971 of 1883, we make the bottom edge
of the innermost cone I, the lowest, and the bottom edges of the other cones each
higher in succession, as clearly shewn in Fig. 2. This latter arrangement we find
has the effect of ensuring a more equal distribution of the indraught of air amongst
the said cones.
In constructing these deflecting cones, we preferably spin or stamp them out of
sheet metal, and we affix a flange or gallery M to the outermost cone L', preferably
by means of a fine screw thread.
The bottom edge of the bell or trumpet-mouthed glass chimney Q, rests on the
said gallery M, and we formn such flange or gallery with a small vertical edge or
lip M in order to retain the said chimney more securely in place and prevent or
check the admission of air under the edge thereof. In addition the lip M wo
may provide lugs N, N', N', two of the said lugs being bent inwards and the third
provided with a set screw, as shewn, to lock the chimney in position on the burner,
or all the three lugs may be provided with set screws. Spring clips or any other
suitable device may however be employed in place of the lugs and screws, as shewn,
to hold the chimney.
If desired a flange or gallery M may be spun in one piece with the outermost conc,
see Fig. 6, but in practice we prefer to form the flange separately and affix it to the
cone as above described. A tube, ferrule, or ring O, having radial arms 0' formed
in one piece therewith is fitted to slide for vertical adjustment on the chamber D.
The said ring with its arms is shewn in plan by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. The said
radial arms 0 are notched, as shewn in Fig. 2, to receive the lower odgos of the
cones L, L, L, which are secured in position by rivets or screws O* passing through
them and through the arms. By this method of construction we dispense with the
use of solder or brazing and entirely overcome any tendancy of the said cones to bo
injured or displaced by the heat of the flame.
Within the burner ring E we place a small disc P, supported on a stem P¹ screwed
into the top of the chamber A and secured by a nut P. The disc P can be adjusted
for height by screwing the stem P¹ further in or out of the chamber A, but any other
suitable means of adjustment can be employed. An annular space is left between
the edge of the disc P and the burner ring E for the passage of air, and when the
said disc is placed at the proper height it deflects a heated air current against the
inside of the flaine, while the cones L, L, L, deflect heated air currents against
the outside, and when the said cones and disc are properly adjusted we obtain thereby
an almost complete combustion of the gas, with a very great increase in the
illuminating efficiency, owing to the steadiness and whiteness of the flame. The
heating of the gas in its passage through the chamber A, before combustion,
materially assists in obtaining this result, and the cones or deflectors, whether alone
or in combination with the disc, give such a form and direction to the flame, and to
the ascending heated currents, that all injury and danger of breakage to the glass
chimney is obviated.
We may surround the space between the top of the chamber A and the bottom of
the outer cone L with wire gauze, or finely perforated sheet metal or other similar
suitable material, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2. This has the effect of
preventing any unsteadiness or Hickering in the flame, when exposed to external
draughts of air.
We wish it to be understood that we do not necessarily always combine the whole

page_text: of the aforesaid improvements in one and the same burner, although in practice we
prefer to do so.
Fig. 7 is a plan and Fig. 8 a sectional elevation of an ordinary argand gas burner,
having our improved deflecting cones and central disc only applied thereto. D is the
annular metallic body of the burner fitted with a steatite or metal ring E. A socket C
communicates with the burner by two branches C³, C. O is a ring sliding on D,
having radial arms O' (in this case only three arms are shewn, see dotted lines in
plan Fig. 7.) which carry the cones L L L in the same manner as previously
described with reference to figs. 1 and 2. The disc P is drilled and tapped, so that it
can be adjusted for height by screwing up or down on the stem P. M is the flange
or gallery supporting the bell or trumpet mouthed glass-chimney Q, which we prefer
to use with our improved burners, because its form allows more air space at the lower
part of the flame but chimnies of other shape may be employed, provided their
proportions are suitable to the burner with which they are to be used.
Figs. 9 and 10 sheet II, shew in plan and elevation respectively, an improved form
of spring clip for holding the bell or trumpet-mouthed chimney, in place of the lugs
and screws shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 for this purpose. M is the gallery with lip or
edge M³, U is a fixed wedge-shaped lug and V, V₁, are two similarly shaped lugs
carried on springs W, W₁ rivetted or screwed to M. The edge of the chimney is
placed under U, and then pressed down past the spring lugs V, V, which open to
allow it to pass, and then close holding the said chimney in place. To remove the
chimney the operation is obviously reversed.
It will be manifest that certain of our said improvements are applicable to circular
or ring burnors other than the Argand burners shewn in Figs. 1. 2. 3. 7. & 8, also that
although we have so far described our improvements as applied to burners constructed
to consume gas, certain of such improvements, that is to say the improved cones,
either in combination with, or without the contral disc, are equally applicable to
circular oil burners having one or more wicks or rings for flame.
Fig. 11 is a plan and Fig. 12 a sectional elevation of an oil burner fitted with
our improved cones and contral disc. The burner which is of the well known
"Kosmos" type, is shewn in dotted lines and consists of a broad flat wick S which
entering the lower end of a conical holder E, is gradually bent round till the upper
edge St of the wick forms a complete circle at the point of ignition.
Tho
Those parts of our invention which are used in this case are shown in full lines and
form one complete piece which screws on to the usual screw 2 provided on the burner.
The said parts consist of a tube T enclosing the burner tube E and provided with a
triangular opening T¹ to come opposite the usual similarly shaped opening in the
tube E to admit the air to the interior of the flame. The deflecting cones L L' L' are
affixed to a conical ring O, which screws on to the tube T for vertical adjustment and
is perforated as shewn to admit air to the interior of the deflecting cones.
aperture in the smallest cone is made large enough to allow the free working of the
wick through it for lighting and trimming purposes. The disc P is raised or lowered
by means of its stem P, which is screwed into the central boss of the support R fixed
within the burner tube E. If desired this disc may be omitted and the cones
employed alone in combination with the burner, suitable means being employed for
regulating the air supply to the interior of the flame in place of the disc. The
chimney is supported upon a gallery M as before. The mode of connecting the
burner with the oil reservoir is not shewn, as this may be arranged in any suitable
way required and is well understood.
In place of the "Kosmos" form of oil burner, we may employ an ordinary parallel
circular oil burner, using a tubular wick, or other suitable form of oil burner in
combination with our improved parts.
In the argand gas burner shewn in Figs. 13 and 14 a simpler form of construction
is adopted over that shown in Figs. 1. 2 and 3. The annular chamber D is cast in
one piece with the top A' of the reservoir A and vertical holes F¹ drilled through the
metal serve the purpose of the tubes F, while holes F* drilled transversely between
the holes F admit air to the interior of the flame. The steatite ring and deflecting

page_text: cones are not shewn, but a screw thread D¹ is formed on the chamber D for securing
and admitting of accurate vertical adjustment being given to the ring which carries
the deflecting cones.
The gas check shewn in fig. 13 consists of a disc B, preferably formed of steatito,
provided with holes B' B' and capable of a small amount of free vertical motion in a
chamber B which is closed by a cap B having an inwardly projecting nozzle B*.
When the gas is at its normal pressure the disc B lies at the bottom of the chamber B'
as shewn in Fig. 13, but any slight increase in pressure lifts the disc, nearer the
nozzle B thereby diminishing the flow of gas through the said nozzle. A great
increase in pressure will cause the disc to abut against the nozzle, but the fit not
being airtight sufficient gas will pass to keep the flame at or about its normal size.
The stem P¹ supporting the disc 1 is threaded through A' and carries a small disc P
on its lower end, so that by adjusting the height of this disc P³ above the opening of
the cap B³ the burner may be regulated to pass the proper quantity of gas at any
given pressure, while the movable disc B automatically regulates any variations from
such given pressure as above described. A screw nick is provided in the top of P¹
for conveniently regulating the disc P³, while the disc P is adjusted on the upper
threaded part of P as before. Figs. 15 and 16 represent detached views of the disc B
in elevation and plan respectively.
In the argand gas burner shown in Figs. 17, 18 and 19, the reservoir A is of
annular form and situated around the base of the chamber D. The parts marked 3
form one piece and the parts marked 4 another distinct piece. The piece 4 screws
into the piece 3 at 5 and sufficient space is left at 6 for the passage of gas into the
chamber D. Gas may be admitted to the reservoir A. by an elbow 7 as shown but an
ordinary crutch piece may be fitted to the openings 8, 8, if preferred. In the case of
an elbow being cinployed one of the said openings would be plugged. An automatic
gas check similar to that shewn in Fig. 13 may be employed at 9 or may be fitted at
the bottom of the crutch piece when the latter is used. The deflecting cones L L' L'
are affixed to a conical perforated ring O similar to that used in the oil burner shewn
in Figs. 11 and 12.
It is obvious that the automatic gas check may be employed in connection with the
burners shewn in Figs. 2 and 8 and it is equally applicable to gas burners other than
those constructed according to our invention, such for example as ordinary argand or
flat flame burners.
In the burners shewn in these drawings, only a single ring of flame is employed
and three deflecting cones are shewn but we wish it to be understood that two or
more rings of flame may be employed in combination with our improvements, and
that we may use more than three deflecting cones, though in practice we prefer the
three cones as shewn.
In carrying out our invention in practice, we do not necessarily confine ourselves
to the precise shapes of the various parts as shown in the annexed drawings. Thus
in the construction of our deflecting cones, provided the apertures of the said cones
are properly proportioned and situated with regard to each other and to the flame, we
do not necessarily adhere to the precise forms shewn, as the angle or curvature of the
sides may be varied within certain limits without impairing their officiency. We also
wish it to be understood that we lay no separate claim to the use of such parts of the
burners shewn in the said drawings as are already well known and in use; but
having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1). In an argand gas burner the combination therewith of the improved deflecting
cones L L' L', the ring O with arms O', the adjustable deflecting disc P, the small
tubes F, the reservoir A, gas check B and chimney Qin the manner and for the
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page_text: (2). In an argand gas burner the combination therewith of the improved deflecting
cones L L' I, the ring O with arms O' the adjustable disc P and the chimney Q in
the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein shewn and described with
reference to Figs. 7 and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
(3). In a circular oil burner the combination therewith of the tube T cones LL³ L³,
ring O and chimney Q, disc P or other suitable internal air adjustment in the manner
and for the purposes substantially as herein shewn and described with reference to
figs. 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
(4). In an argand gas burner employing a bell or trumpet-mouthed chimney the
arrangement of spring-clips for holding the said chimney in place substantially
as herein shewn and described with reference to Figures 9 and 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
(5). In an argand gas burner the construction of the annular chamber D and top A'
of the reservoir A in one piece with vertical holes F' and transverse holes F in the
manner and for the purposes substantially as herein shewn and described with
reference to figs. 13 and 14 of the accompanying drawings.
(6). In an argand gas burner the construction of the annular reservoir A and
annular chamber D in the manner and for the purposes substantially as herein
described and shewn with reference to Figs. 17. 18 and 19 of the accompanying
drawings.
(7). In an argand gas or oil burner the perforated ring O for supporting the
deflecting cones substantially as herein shown and described with reference to Figs. 12
and 18 of the accompanying drawings.
(8) The construction of the automatic gas check either in combination with or
without an adjustable disc P³ for use in connection with gas burners substantially
as herein shewn and described with reference to Figs. 13, 15, 16 and 18 of the
accompanying drawings.
T
1005