A New or Improved Binding Medium for Size Colours, and Method of Manufacturing the same.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1894-Accepted, 4th Aug.,
1894
A New or Improved Binding Medium for Size Colours, and Method
of Manufacturing the same.
I, JOHN CLASEN of Hamburg-St. Georg, Hamburg in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a new or improved binding medium
Buitable for the use of painters for mixing with size colours, or colours which are
to laid on after the method of distemper or tempora painting.
Heretofore size as produced in commerce has not been especially prepared or
adapted in its manufacture for the use of painters, and has required further treat-
ment or addition to add to its binding qualities the necessary slimy or coherent
glutinous quality required for the easy spreading and uniform covering of the
colour. This has usually been done by addition of an extract of Carrigeen moss
to the water colour made up with the ordinary size, but such addition is made at
the expense of the binding and keeping qualities of the size and moreover is a
lengthy process since the size and the moss have to be dissolved separately and the
latter has also to be passed through a sieve or screen.
The present invention is intended to produce an improved size or a new compound
of size with other ingredients ready for painters use, having a high degree of
binding power with the necessary mucilaginous or slimy qualities and suitable for
ordinary painting or for stencilling ruling and general decorative work. This size
or compound of size is made as follows; ordinary size or glue selected so as to be
as rich in fat as possible is soaked for about fourteen hours in cold water so as to
soften it and is then transferred to a boiler where it is heated until the whole
contents become a thick viscid liquid-about 2 parts of water to 1 part of size
should be used. The liquid size is then tested to ascertain its richness in fat by
leaving it standing for about thirty minutes at a temperature near to but not
exceeding 90° Celsius whereupon the fat will have risen to the surface.
An oil is then added in a quantity inversely proportional to the contents of
fat in the size, namely from 3 parts by weight of oil to 300 parts of size for
a size rich in fat, to six parts of oil to 300 parts of size for one poor in fat.
Cocoanut oil or stearine oil should be used as experience has shown that these
oils are alone suitable for the purpose of producing a hard size or compound
which may be cast in moulds for sale.
When the added oil and the fat has been intimately mixed with the size which is
done by frequent stirring the liquid is allowed to cool down to about 50° Celsius
and then during continuous stirring there are added in successive portions from
60 to 70 parts by weight of sago meal or potato meal. The temperature must
not exceed 50° Celsius during this operation otherwise the liquid will thicken
in lumps and cannot be poured into moulds. The sago or potato meal affords
the mucilaginous matter to replace the otherwise necessary addition of Carrigeen
moss and fulfils this purpose more effectually and without the defects adherent to
the use of Carrigeen moss.
The slime developing process takes place when the tablet of size or compound
thereof made by this invention is dissolved by the painter in boiling water a com-
paratively large quantity of which should be used. It would be impossible in
practice to add the large quantity of water necessary to develop these properties of
the meal at the time of mixing it with the size if the product is to be in the form of

page_text: a hard tablet ready for use, since not only would the compound then require a too
prolonged and costly drying but even in spite of addition of antiseptics the tablets
would become mouldy and unfit for use.
After the meal added to the liquid has been thoroughly mixed therewith the
liquid is poured into moulds and allowed to cool down and then by the aid of a
short process of drying is converted into a solid and hardened condition ready for
sale or use.
The tablets thus produced are used by soaking them in water and afterwards
boiling them therein and adding the solution to the colour mixed up with water
without admixture of any other or further ingredients; nevertheless though with
ordinary size about two liters of water is taken for dissolving each kilogram or
size, at least four liters of water should be taken to dissolve kilogram of the
improved size or new compound above described in order to develop its mucilaginous
qualities.
In using this improved size or compound previous soaping of the surface to be
painted is unnecessary. The colour laid on therewith is moreover more durable
and its application is easier.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. An improved compound consisting of size, oil and meal in the proportions
herein described.
2. An improved compound consisting of size containing fat, oil in inverse.
proportion to the amount of fat, and meal in the proportions herein described.
3. An improved compound consisting of size, cocoanut or stearine oil, and sago
or potato meal in the proportions herein described.
4. The method of producing a compound suitable as a binding medium for size-
colours, consisting in dissolving size in water, adding oil and meal thereto, casting
the mixture into moulds and drying the same.
5. The method of producing a compound suitable as a binding medium for
size-colours, consisting in dissolving size in water, adding cocoanut or stearine oil
thereto, adding sago or potato meal, casting the mixture into moulds and drying
the same.
6. The method of producing a compound suitable as a binding medium for size
colours, consisting in dissolving size in double is weight of water, adding cocoanut
or stearine oil in inverse proportion to the contents of fat in said size, adding potato
or sago meal at a temperature not exceeding 50° Celsius, casting the mixture into.
moulds and drying the same.
Dated thin 4th
CT
R. HADDAN,
Herbert Haddan & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, Agent for Applicant.