Improvements in Heating and Forging Furnaces.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 6th Feb., 1997
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating and Forging Furnaces.
I WILLIAM WILSON BARNES Melbourne House Harrington Cumberland
Mining Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates principally to heating and forging furnaces for use at
smith's shops engineering and like works and has for its object to obtain increased
and economical heating of tools implements and forgings used by smiths engineers
and like craftsmen.
To this end I make and construct the furnaces of moulded and formed clay
tiles, bricks, and cast and wrought iron and steel and suitable materials and in
place of fires on open or smith's hearths as is common I make construct and build
hearths of suitable form and shape to confine the fuel and fire and blast to blow
the fuel and fire within a required and suitably forined enclosed space so that it
may be more readily brought to a required and suitable heat for the several
purposes needed by fan and other blast and effect a saving in fuel. And also I make
use of pipes and tubes of iron and steel and other suitable materials arranged
constructed formed and connected together as may be required according to the
shape size and form of the furnaces and hearths. Such pipes and tubes are used
for the purpose of forming and making gratings and fire-bars or twyers upon
which the fuel is set placed and used to obtain heat for the furnaces and
hearths. I suitably connect the pipes and tubes or twyers to tanks or reservoirs
containing water and by pressure or other suitable means I cause the water to
circulate and flow through the pipes and tubes or twyers set as gratings or fire bars.
Such furnaces and hearths suitably formed in combination with pipes tubes or
twyers suitably arranged enable smiths engineers and like workmen to advantageously
heat their materials and tools and effect a saving in fuel labour material and tools
and prevents the formation of slag or "clinker" of the fuel and is productive of
Dew and advantageous industrial results.
Dated this Eighteenth day of February 1896.
WILLIAM WILSON BARNES.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating and Forging Furnaces.
1, WILLIAM WILSON BARNES of Melbourne House, Harrington in the County
of Cumberland, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object to construct a furnace which will be applicable
for various purposes where high temperature is required, such for example as for
smiths' use in heating bars, rails or sheets of metal for the purpose of forging,
bending or working, for heating, working or tempering drills, jumpers, picks or
other tools, implements or articles of iron or steel and for melting inetals or ores in
ibles or melting pots.

page_text: for heating and tempering drills, jumpers, picks and other tools and for curving
rails;
Figure 2 a longitudinal section of the same;
Figure 3 a plan of the grate;
Figure 4 a vertical section on the line a-a, Figure 2;
Figure 5 a vertical section on the line b-b, Figure 2;
Figure 6 a fragmentary view of a slightly modified form of the furnace showing
details of construction;
Figure 7 a detail view of the bricks of which the furnace may be built;
Figures 8, 9 and 10 detail views of special fire-clay bricks with orifices for
admitting the articles to be heated;
Figure 11 a sectional elevation of the soaking chamber or oven with three
decks.
Figure 12 is a front elevation of my improved furnace for heating sheets and
plates;
Figure 13 a side view thereof;
Figure 14 a sectional plan showing the grate;
Figure 15 a cross section through the grate, and
Figures 16 and 17 a front view of the fire door and a vertical section thereof.
In place of fires on open hearths such as are used by smiths to fashion or other-
wise work iron or steel by the aid of heat, I build the hearths in such a manner as
to confine the fire in an enclosed space so as to better obtain the required heat,
effect a saving of fuel and prevent the articles coming in actual contact with
the fuel.
The general outward appearance of one form of my furnace is depicted in
Figure 1, and in Figures 2, 3 and 4, sectional views of said furnace are shown, in
which, A designates the fire chamber or hearth in which the fuel is placed,
constructed with thick side walls to resist the heat, B the askpit, C a heating or
reverberatory chamber immediately above the hearth in which the articles to be
raised to the required heat are located, and D an arched soaking chamber or oven
also placed so as to be heated by the fire. The chamber C is perforated at the
sides at C C to permit of the insertion into the chamber C of the articles to be
heated, forged, or tempered. The grate is of hollow bars or pipes E with spaces
between to permit of the blast being introduced from below. Through these pipes
water circulates in the direction indicated by the arrows (Figure 3) with the
objects of keeping the bars from melting, heating the water in the pipes, which
may be used for boiler feeding or for other purposes, and preventing the formation
of clinker between the pipes. The grate however may be formed with the pipes
laid transversely instead of longitudinally if preferred. The ash pit B below the
grate A is closed by the doors F' and through the door at the chimney or flue end
I introduce an air blast pipe F, the air being ejected through jets or otherwise and
passes through the grate to augment combustion. The door at front end of furnace
is fitted with a plug F2. To clean the ash pit, the plug is withdrawn, and full
blast applied through the ash pit B, thus blowing out the ashes. The doors are
lined with tiles or fire bricks. The air blast may be derived from an air forcing
engine, or from any other suitable equivalent motive power and the supply pipe
provided with a valve to regulate the blast. In construction, the furnace is built
up of ordinary bricks, lined with infusible materials, by preference fire bricks or
blocks. In order to secure durability the bricks or blocks may be made to
interlock with each other so that they are firmly held in place by being locked
together, but this is not absolutely necessary as ordinary bricks will do if the shell
or iron plates hereafter described for keeping the bricks in position are used.
These bricks are shown in detail in Figure 7, each block interlocks with the adjacent

page_text: Ted depressions H in the next, and by these means all the blocks firm
interlock so that they cannot separate. I build into the sides of the chamber
special bricks or blocks, such as are set forth by way of example in Figures 8 and
for forming the side holes through which the tools, jumpers and other articles t
be heated can be passed. A course of these are laid in each side of the chamber
the holes in the bricks being all of one size, or of different sizes to allow articles o
different shapes to pass. In an alternate arrangement however set forth i
Figure 6, the chamber is formed of fire-clay arches built in sections side by side,
10 the said figure showing two sections as an example with holes through which the
articles to be heated are passed. The arches interlock with the bricks of the fire
chamber as shown at I Figures 6 and 7. The furnace built up in the manner
described is encased or surrounded externally by cast iron plates I bolted together
or it may be strengthened by iron houps or bars.
jections or dovetails G in the one engaging square
15
An opening K is made from the chamber C into the soaking chamber D through
which the heat and flames on their passage to the chimney can pass directly from
the chamber C and there may be openings in D leading to the chimney. The fire
chamber A has one opening, namely, the fire door M through which the fuel is fed
to the fire. The chamber C is closed in front by a suitable door N and this door
and the intercommunicating opening K into the soaking chamber D serve to permit
of the introduction of the article longitudinally through the chamber and oven.
Thus in the case of a bar of iron V, a tool or other not very long article, it is
passed transversely into the chamber C, its ends resting in the holes in the side
walls of said chamber. In the case of a longer article such as a railway rail, it is
passed longitudinally through the door N and opening K', so that it occupies the
length of both the chambers C and D, or if it be a melting pot, it is inserted
through the door O into the chamber D. The flames and gases from the fire pass
directly into the chamber C and soon heat to a red, white or welding heat as may
be required, the articles which have been placed therein, then they pass through
the intercommunicating orifice K into the chamber D and thence to the chimney.
The flames and furnace gases also pass directly under the chamber D to heat the
same without coming into direct contact with the contents.
The advantages gained by this furnace among others, are that the fire being
onfined in an enclosed space, beat of the required intensity is obtained and
egulated by controlling the blast, and, furthermore, instead of there being a great
aste of heat as in the case of open fires, all the heat is utilized for the work of
e furnace. The combustion chamber can be charged at intervals without
terfering with the working of the furnace, and all the operations for enabling
aiths, engineers and other workmen to advantageously heat their materials and
ols may be effected in a far better manner than by the methods in use
retofore.
In Figure 11 the soaking chamber is formed with three decks or shelves for
ding crucibles or pots for melting metal, the arched shelves A being made of
-elay and supported on the sides of the chamber. Any suitable number of
ks may be provided in the chamber D in this way.
he furnace for heating metallic plates such as boiler plates is depicted in
ures 12 to 17 inclusive, which I will now describe. It is built up of ordinary
ks lined inside with fire bricks or tiles, and is constructed with an arched or
rberatory fire chamber A having an opening at one end or at both ends for
ging the grate with fuel and for inserting the article to be heater. In most
this opening is at one end only. It is closed by means of a door P formed
st iron lined with firebricks p. This door slides between the uprights Q, and
unterweighted by the weights R suspended from chains passing over the
ys R'. This door P may have holes in the cast iron plate with sectional
s behind similar to those depicted by way of example in Figures 8, 9 and 10,
t tools when required may be heated as in the case of the furnace shown in
eceding figures. The fire bars may consist of a suitable number of n

page_text: pipes E with spaces between fed with water from the pipes E' and through these
pipes E water circulates for the purpose of preventing the formation of clinker
of the coke which is used for fuel. are the air blast pipes underneath the grate
and S the chimney. In the centre of the grate is a fire clay block T for the
purpose of forming a support for the boiler or other plate which is required to be
heated for bending, flanging, etcetera. U is the ashpit door. In operation, the
plate or sheet does not come into actual contact with the fuel as is the case with
open smiths' fires, and can be evenly and uniformly heated in every part.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :--
1. The improvement in furnaces for raising metallic bars, sheets, rails, tools,
implements and other articles to the required heat for welding, working, tempering
or otherwise, whereby such furnaces are more readily brought to the required heat
for the purpose needed than is the case with the open or smiths' hearths in common
use hitherto substantially as described.
2. The improvement in furnaces for raising bars, rails, tools, implements and
other articles or materials to the required heat for welding, working, tempering or
otherwise, which consists in forming them of a closed fire chamber with a door for
the admission of fuel and an arched or reverberatory chamber immediately over
the fire chamber to which the flame and furnace gases have direct access, and
having holes or perforations of suitable size through which the articles to be heated
can be introduced longitudinally or transversely, in combination or not, as required,
with a soaking oven so arranged as to be heated by the fire and the contents
protected to some extent from the direct access of the flames, substantially as
-described.
3. In furnaces for the purposes described forming them with a reverberatory or
heating chamber with side apertures or orifices for permitting the insertion into
said chamber of the articles to be heated substantially as described.
4. The combination of a furnace or fire chamber A with a soaking chamber D
formed either with one or any suitable number of decks, substantially as described
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
5. In furnaces of the kind described, forming the grate of four or more hollow
bars or pipes with spaces between for the passage of the blast, through which
pipes or bars water is caused to circulate, substantially as and for the purposes
-described.
6. The special construction of bricks or blocks substantially as and for the
purpose described and with reference to Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 of the accompanying
drawings.
7. The improvement in furnaces for heating metallic plates or sheets or other
articles, which consists in forming them of a closed, arched or reverberatory fire
chamber provided with a door for charging the grate with fuel and for inserting
the article to be heated, in combination with a bed or support rising above the
furnace bars for the purpose of supporting the article out of contact with the
fuel, but in direct contact with the flames and heat substantially as described.
8. In furnaces of the kind described, forming the doors of such furnaces with
apertures or orifices for permitting the insertion into the. furnace above the fuel of
the articles to be heated substantially as set forth.
9. The general combined arrangement and construction of parts forming my
improved furnace substantially as and for the purposes set forth."
Dated this 18th day of November 1896
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.