speech and other sounds.
Year: 1886

page_text: speech and other sounds.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by The Volta Graphophone Company of Alexandria
Virginia in the United States of America and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to the formation in a solid substance of elevations and
depressions or other inequalities corresponding more or less perfectly to the forms
of sound vibrations and the reproduction by means of such inequalities of the
sounds represented by them.
The invention consists first in the formation of the record or "Phonogram" as it
has been called by means of a cutting style which is vibrated by the sound waves
or sonorous vibrations to be recorded. The vibrations may be impressed upon the
style directly by the impact of the sound waves upon some device mechanically
connected with or carried by the cutting style or its support or indirectly through
the action of an electric current or other suitable vibratory medium.
Heretofore a large number of contrivances have been devised for converting
electrical impulses into mechanical vibrations and they could of course be used for
vibrating the cutting style otherwise they have no relation to this part of the
present invention the essential new feature of which is the removal of material to
form the record by a cutting, gouging or graving action of the vibrating style.
Heretofore the vibrating style has, as in Edison's well known Phonograph,
simply inducted the recording material. It has been proposed to cut the record in
the edge of a strip of metal or other solid material by vibrating the strip in contact
with the cutting edges of a rotary disc cutter but this proposal is essentially
different from this Invention; the new mode being applicable to cutting the record
upon all sorts of surfaces and not upon strips only. Under this part of the

page_text: Invention are included the vibratory cutting style as a new device in a sound
recorder, and the combination of the same with other devices; also the cut or
engraved record itself.
In this new or improved form of Record not only may a larger number of words
or sounds be recorded in a given surface than has been practicable with the
indented records heretofore in use but the recorded vibrations are also sharper and
better defined-It is found that an indenting style smooths over the crests of the
larger elevations and also rubs out some of the finer ones.
The Invention cousists secondly in engraving or cutting the Records in a wavy
or amorphous and slightly cohesive substance. Preferably a compound of beeswax
and paraffine (the latter in excess) is employed-This compound has no tendency
to clog the style but is readily removed thereby in chips or shavings. This part
of the Invention also consists in a recording material composed of a wax or waxy
surface on a paper or pasteboard foundation.
Heretofore it has been proposed to use soft paper saturated or coated with
paraffine as the material for recording by the indenting method but its use does not
appear to have been successful and an outer layer of tin foil was therefore employed
to receive the indentations.
The Invention consists thirdly in cutting or engraving the record in the form of
a groove with sloping walls the sound waves being represented by elevations and
depressions at the bottom of the groove or otherwise The advantage of this form
of record is that it forms an efficient guide to the reproducing style.
The invention consists fourthly in loosely mounting the reproducing style so
that it can readily be guided by the record. This may be accomplished in different
ways as for example by mounting the head of the reproducing instrument upon a
joint which admits of a lateral movement, or the style may be so mounted as to be
capable of a lateral movement independently of a diaphragm and other parts of
the reproducer-By this latter arrangement the style can accomodate itself to the
record without having to put in motion the larger mass of the head of the
reproducer. It therefore responds more quickly-Both arrangements will be
illustrated.
In order to allow the reproducing style the greatest freedom of side movement
while insuring its return to a central position and without impairing to a serious
extent its rigidity in other directions a comparatively broad and thin strip of
spring metal placed on edge is connected with or forms part of the reproducing
style-Such a strip is very flexible to side pressure but comparatively rigid to
other pressures The strip is fastened to the diaphragm or to the device upon
which it is desired to impress the vibrations or it is otherwise hinged so that it
can impress vibrations on said device, or said strip may be rigidly connected with
the frame of the reproducer and the style be flexibly connected with the outer end
of the strip.
Preferably the reproducing style is fastened to the end of a thin metal strip
parallel with the width thereof so as to form a hammer like arrangement the style
being the hammer head. It is a pin or wire several times as thick as the metal
strip. The vibrations are transmitted through the hammer head the actual strip
being attached to a spring or it may be otherwise hinged to the frame of the
reproducer.
The reproducing style mounted as just explained, is specially adapted for use
in connection with a Record in the form of a groove with sloping walls and this
combination is specially claimed but it may also be usefully employed in connection
with other forms of record.
The invention consists fifthly in reproducing directly. from the wax record, It
is found that such a record has sufficient strength to withstand the rubbing action
of the reproducing style so that a considerable number of reproductions can be
obtained from it. The smoothness of the wax gives it a great advantage in this
respect-It is believed that heretofore no one has reproduced sounds from a wax
record by rubbing a style or reproducer over it.

page_text: The Invention consists sixthly in transmitting the vibrations of the reproducing
style through a diaphragm, a plate or other body of hard rubber. This material is
found to give out purer sounds, the minute foreign vibrations being absorbed to a
greater extent than with mica or metal, either of which and other materials also can
under proper conditions be used with intelligible results.
The Invention consists seventbly in cutting the sound record in a fusible material
the waxy compound before referred to for example and the melting the surface
slightly so as to remove any roughness left by the cutting style; these roughnesses
are altogether outside of the sound vibrations and give rise in reproducing, to
scraping noises which interfere with the intelligibility of the sounds reproduced.
These scraping noises are greater with some other modes of reproducing which will
form the subject of other Patents, than they are with a rubbing style, but, even
with the latter the additional smoothness given to the surface by the partial fusion
has some advantage.
The invention consists eighthly in a sound recorder having a cutting or graving
style which is held by elastic or yielding pressure against the surface on which the
record is to be made. The object is to enable the vibratory graver or cutting style
to ride over instead of ploughing through any elevations on the recording surface-
The depth to which the point of the cutting style is embedded in the Record affects
the amplitude of the style's vibration By this Improvement the depth is kept
uniform notwithstanding any slight unevenness of the recording surface.
The whole pressure of the Recorder may be borne by the style but there are
advantages in combining with the recorder a rest which bears upon the recording
surface or Tablet as it is called in this Specification and relieves the style of the
greater part of the weight. The use of the rest enables a shallower groove to be
cut effectively and also a lighter and more sensitive mounting of the style to be
made The style projects beyond the rest. To regulate the depth of cut the rest
is made adjustable.
In order to secure the most sensitive mounting for the recording style the latter
is made from a short piece of wire and is attached directly to a diaphragm so as to
be carried thereby; the means preferably employed being a screw thread on the
style a nut of hard rubber engaging the same and a disk or washer of hard rubber
between which and the nut the diaphragm is clamped.
The Invention consists ninthly in having the recorder of whatever description
or the reproducer or both rest against the tablet or recording material by gravity.
The Invention consists tenthly in combining with a sound recorder or reproducer
of any suitable description, a tube or hollow standard on which the recorder or
reproducer is mounted and through which the sound waves are conveyed. This
part of the Invention also consists in supporting this hollow standard on a hinge
and having a sound conveying tube communicate with the interior thereof through
the hinge Also in the use of a double ear piece for listening to the reproduced
sounds and of a stop cock for modifying the loudness of these sounds. The double
ear piece is somewhat similar to a Stethoscope-It consists of two elastic and
flexible hollow branches provided each with a cup fastened to the branch by a ball
and socket joint The cups fit over the ears and are held against the head by the
elasticity of the branches the universal joint allowing each cup to adjust itself to
the bead of the user. The stop cock is placed in the sound conveying tube between
the reproducer and the ear of the listener so that by partially closing the same
more or less of the sounds can be cut off as desired. Where more than one person
is listening each of the sound conveyors may have its own stop cock,
The Invention consists eleventhly in combining with the Recorder a mouth
piece so shaped as to include the nose of the user. It is found desirable to con-
centrate the sound waves as much as possible upon the recording instrument or
style and if an ordinary mouth piece be used the sound reproduced in the Record
is imperfect in the nasal elements and is somewhat like the speech of a person
with a cold in bis head. By the use of the improved mouthpiece this disagreeable
quality of the reproduced sound is avoided The sound conveyor or concentrator

page_text: preferably used consists of a flowing mouthpiece of elliptical or oval section which
covers the nose of the user and a tapering tube forming a continuation thereof
which serves to amplify and reinforce the sound waves It is found that the
longer this tube is within certain limits the greater its reinforcement of the sound
waves but that a too great length gives a hollow effect as when words are spoken
into an empty barrel.
For the sake of lightness it is preferable to make the mouthpiece and tube of
thin sheets of hard rubber or of paper or the like material-Metal mouth pieces
and tubes have also been used with good effect.
The Invention consists twelfthly in combining with the reproducer a brush
which bears upon the tablet and sweeps the record in advance of the reproducing
style. Where the record is cut in wax the little shavings or chips are apt to cling
to the record and have to be brushed off before reproducing-This can be done by
hand, but it is not desirable to rely wholly upon hand brushing as too much care
would have to be exercised to ensure that no particles adhere. The record is also
liable to collect dust.
The Invention consists thirteenthly in combining, with a recording and repro-
ducing apparatus, in which the record is formed on the face of a disc in a volute or
spiral, by cutting or otherwise by any known or suitable means mechanism, for
giving to said disc an uniform surface speed under the recorder.
Heretofore when the Record was formed on the face of a disc the latter has
been given an uniform rotation so that the same number of words were recorded
in the outermost circle as in the smaller inner ones. By giving to the disc an
uniform surface speed under the Recorder or by making the times of each rotation
inversely proportional to the distance of the Recorder from the centre of the disc,
the record of any given word or sound will be of the same length at whatever part
of the disc it may be, and in this way it is possible considerably to increase the
number of words or sounds on a given area.
The Invention consists fourteenthly in a recording tablet composed of a hollow
Cylinder or tube of paper or other suitable material coated with wax or wax like
composition, preferably a compound or mixture of beeswax and paraffin-The
Record is cut in the coating. The advantages of this form of tablet are that it
may be very light while having sufficient stiffness to retain its form and avoid the
danger of cracking the coating, it is compact and adapted for transmission through
the mails or otherwise, the recording surface is continuous and it can very readily
be placed on and removed from the bolder by which it is supported and rotated in
recording and reproducing.
The Invention consists fifteenthly in new tablet holding mechanism. The tablet
holder is made in the form of a Cylinder over which the tubular tablet can be
forced or slipped and from which it can be removed as desired. This Cylinder
may be solid but for lightness it is preferably made hollow-It is of metal or may
be of other solid 'material. It is journalled in bearings and is provided with a
Crank or other means for rotating the same.
In order to support the tablet holder in the most solid manner it is provided
with a journal at each end and the journals and bearings are constructed to
prevent end motion It is made detachable from its support at one or both ends in
order to permit the placing and removal of the tablet-It will be understood that
any ordinary or suitable means may be used for this purpose but it is preferred to
use the means next to be described.
To facilitate the placing of the tablet on the holder and its removal therefrom
and to avoid the removal of the tablet holder from the machine frame when this
operation is performed a ball journal fitting in a cup or socket bearing, is employed
at one end the other end being made detachable from the machine frame so that
the holder can readily be tipped up and held in that position while placing or
removing the tablet. The ball journal and socket bearing prevent end motion of
the tablet holder.

page_text: With the object of further facilitating the placing and removal of the tablet the
detachable end of the tablet holder is held down by means of a catch or other
device which can readily be released and a spring is combined with the holder in
such a way as to raise the detachable end thereof when the catch is released.
The journal at the detachable end of the Tablet holder instead of resting directly
upon the machine frame or a bearing attached thereto, is provided with a box or
sleeve which fits over the journal and forms the bearing therefore. This box or
sleeve remains on the journal when it is detached and protects it from dirt as well as
prevents the lubricant on the journal from soiling the hands of the person using
the machine. The spring for raising the holder acts upon this box (a rod being
interposed) and the journal is relieved of its pressure. Another advantage which
the use of this box or sleeve gives is that if the two bearings in the machine frame
are not precisely in line the box or sleeve may adjust itself properly without
joining the journal. The very slight space which always intervenes when two
separate pieces rest in contact will suffice to compensate for the very slight
irregularity in alignement which a careful workman would leave.
The Invention consists sixteenthly in new or improved mechanism for supporting
the recorder or reproducer and moving it across the face of the tablet (radially if a
disc, or longitudinally if a Cylinder) so that by the combined translating motion of
the Recorder or reproducer and the rotation of the tablet the recorder traces, and
the Reproducer follows a spiral line on the tablet. This general form of instru-
ment is known as well as that in which the tablet (disc or Cylinder) has a
combined rotatory and translatory movement and improvements constituting the
present Invention are mostly applicable to both forms; but some of them as those
of this sixteenth part of the Invention are limited to the form in which the
recorder and reproducer have a translatory movement by means of a feed screw.
To enable the Recorder and reproducer to be readily applied to and removed from
the screw so that one screw can be used for both instruments, they are each
provided with a divided or partial nut which engages the screw. To prevent the
instrument from being disengaged accidentally a guard is or may be provided
which can be slipped under the screw when the instrument is in place or be
withdrawn when it is desired to remove it. Both the reproducer and the Recorder
may have such a guard but practically it is more important for the Recorder.
Instead of having the recorder and reproducer mounted upon a slide moving in
ways or guides and connected with a screw for moving the same, they are mounted
on a carrier which is not only engaged by said screw but supported by the same so
as to be moveable lengthwise of the screw and capable also of turning on it as on
a journal. Thus devices heretofore considered necessary are dispensed with and a
movement of the recorder or reproducer towards and away from the tablet is
provided for.
The invention consists seventeenthly in mechanism whereby the operation of
the machine can be stopped temporarily To enable this to be effected instantly,
without stopping the main shaft of the machine, mechanism is provided for
putting the feed screw out of action and at the same time automatically lifting the
instrument clear of the record-Heretofore it has been necessary to stop the
machine entirely. This is not desirable because in stopping and restarting the
machine a difference in speed which appears on the record or in the sounds
reproduced is almost certainly made, particularly where a fly wheel is used to give
steadiness of motion.
This part of the Invention also comprises means whereby a word or sentence or
a paragraph can readily be repeated when desired. To effect this a reversing as
well as a stop mechanism is employed so that by bringing said mechanism into
action the motion of the reproducer is reversed and the instrument is brought back
to the beginning of the part to be repeated being meanwhile lifted clear of the
record which continues or may continue to revolve in the same direction at an
uniform speed,

page_text: The Invention further comprises certain special constructions combinations and
arrangements of parts as hereinafter set forth.
Having now explained the principle of the Invention, the manner in which the
same is or may be applied will now be explained with reference to the accom-
panying drawings which make part of this Specification.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of an apparatus constructed in accordance with the
Invention arranged for recording sound upon the face of a disc. Figures 2 and 3
respectively a front elevation and cross section of the same- -Figure 4 a view in
section and elevation of the recorder. Figures 5 and 6 views on an enlarged scale
of the graver or cutting style Figures 7 and 8 views in elevation and section
respectively of the Reproducer Figures 9 and 10 similar views of another form of
reproducer and Figure 11 an elevation of the sound conveying tube for use with
the reproducer.
Figures 12-17 represent a modified form of the disc apparatus Figure 12
being a back view partly in section Figure 13 a plan partly in section Figure 14
an edge view partly in section. Figures 15 and 16 views in elevation and section
of the Recorder and Figure 17 an edge view of a friction clamp making part of the
apparatus Figures 18 and 19 are plan and longitudinal sections respectively of a
form of apparatus also constructed in accordance with the Invention in which the
Record is made on a strip and figure 20 a plan partly in section of the reproducer
for use with such apparatus. Figure 21 is a view of a Recorder in which the style
is operated electrically.
Figure 22 is a plan view of a machine or apparatus constructed in accordance
with the invention or in which the record is made on a Cylinder. In this view the
reproducer is shewn in place and the Recorder omitted. Figure 23 is a vertical
cross section of the same apparatus in elevation looking to the right in Figure 22.
Figure 24 a section in the plane of Figure 23 but in elevation looking to the left,
the Recorder being shewn in place and its mouth piece being broken away.
Figure 25 a view similar to Figure 24 but with the reproducer in place instead of
the recorder. Figure 26 a partial vertical longitudinal section on line x x of
Figure 23-Figure 27 an elevation partly in section of a part of the left end of the
machine.
Figure 28 is an elevation partly in section of the Recorder its carrier and sound
concentrator Figure 29 a top view (on a reduced scale) of the sound concentrator
of the Recorder-Figure 30 a central section of the Recorder in a plane at right
angles to those of Figures 24 and 28 shewing the base or carrier in elevation and
figure 31 a section through the base or carrier of the recorder.
Figure 32 is a central vertical section of the reproducer its carrier and certain
accessory parts. Figure 33 a face view of the Reproducer. Figure 34 a perspective
detail view. Figure 35 a section through the base or carrier of the instrument.
Figure 36 a section illustrating a modified form of style. Figure 37, an elevation
partly in section (on a reduced scale) of a listening device with double ear pieces
and figure 38.a section illustrating another modification of the reproducer.
Referring to figures 1-11. A is the base or bed of the apparatus and B an
upright frame which carries the mechanism for supporting and moving the tablet F
(shewn as a disc) on which the record is to be, or has been, formed-In the slide C
moveable in ways of the frame B. is journalled an arbor D on which are fixed a
metal disc E at one end and a bevel gear 1 at the other. The arbor projects
beyond the metal disc E so as to form a support for the recording tablet F which
is retained thereon by the nut 2 and washer 3. The metal disc E performs the
double function of a friction wheel and of a backing to the recording tablet F.
The bevel gear 1 engages a similar gear 4 on the end of the screw 5 which is
journalled in a bearing in the slide C and is tapped through a stationary lug on
the frame B-As the arbor D is revolved the screw is turned also, and in
consequence of its engagement with the lug 6 it moves the slide C lengthwise of
the frame B. The rotation is communicated to this arbor from the shaft 7
journalled in bearings of the frame B and provided at one end with a fly wheel $

page_text: and crank handle 9 and at the other end with a friction pinion G. This pinion is
formed as shewn of rubber discs clamped together between metal washers-It
bears against the back of metal disc E and communicates motion to it-As the
slide C is moved by the action of the screw 5 the metal disc E is carried past
the friction pinion so that it touches the metal disc in a spiral line and serves to
give an uniform surface speed to each part of the disc as it in turn comes opposite
said pinion.
The Recorder H is placed on the opposite side of the metal disc E preferably as
shewn with the point of the graver or cutting style 11 directly opposite the point
where the pinion G touches the disc E The said pinion thus acts as a support to
the disc against the action of the cutting or recording style-The latter is
preferably formed of a round wire by turning the end conical and rounding the
extremity and then grinding off one end to the axis of the wire.
This leaves sharp cutting edges on both sides of the tapering point. These edges
remove the material in chips or shavings like a plane or turning tool. It is not
essential to give this form to the style-Any form which will remove the material
and not simply displace it will answer.
The style is set in one end of a block 12 provided on the opposite end with a
cup 13 (see figure 4) and secured in the cross-piece 14 by the nut 15. The cross
piece 14 is fastened to a ring 16 into which a back plate 17 is secured. These
parts except the steel style are preferably of hard rubber although they could be
made of other material, of brass for example.
A sound conveying tube 18 is screwed into the back plate 17 the end being just
behind the cup 13. A diaphragm 105 of any suitable material whose edges are
clamped between the ring 16 and back plate 17 is placed behind the cup 13 which
is pressed against said diaphragm by the elasticity of cross piece 14.
The tube 18 forms part of a hollow standard upon which the recorder is mounted.
The lower part 19 of this standard is hinged in the bracket 20 as clearly shewn in
figure 2, so that it can be rocked to bring the Recorder into or put it out of action.
On the tube or standard 19 is a ring-weight Z which is retained in position by
a set screw 127. It therefore can be adjusted up or down in order to increase or
diminish the pressure of the style 11 against the tablet F. The use of this weight
is desirable but not necessary.
The tube 21 communicates with the interior of the hollow standard through the
hinge and does not therefore interfere with its freedom of motion. This tube 21
can be fixed in the bracket or can be allowed to turn as may be preferred.
The mouth piece I is shaped to fit the face of the user and is provided with a
notch 22 to receive the nose. It is attached to the tube 23 which at its lower end
fits snugly in the tube 21 and communicates through the series of tubes 23, 21, 19
and 18 with the space inside and back of the cup 13.
In operation the recorder rests by its own weight assisted by the pressure of
weight Z, or by its own weight alone if preferred, against the recording tablet F,
said weight causing the style to embed itself to the proper extent in the recording
material-The sonorous vibrations impressed upon the style are so rapid as well as
so minute that the record is made as perfectly as if the Recorder were held
positively, while at the same time the recorder can be moved bodily to conform to
the unevenness of the surface of the tablet and thus keep uniform the depth at
which the style operates.
The tablet consists of a paper or paste board foundation 24 with a coating 25
of wax-A composition excellently adapted to the purpose and according to
experience the best, consists of one part by weight of white beeswax and two
parts of Paraffine. The two bodies are melted together and if not perfectly free
from dirt and grit should be filtered. A filtration through Cotton wool will
answer. The coating is or may be about 11th of an inch in thickness (the paper
being 1 th of an inch more or less) and can be made by flowing the melted
composition over the paper disc or foundation. The surface is preferably turned
off flat on a lathe.

page_text: In order to place the tablet in the machine the recorder H. 18 turned back out of
the way. When the tablet has been secured in place the recorder is turned forward
into the position shown the style resting against and slightly penetrating the wax
coating. A penetration of 100 of an inch has been found very effective the style
being formed of N° 16 wire shaped at the cutting end as in figures 5 and 6.
Upon turning the fly wheel 8 the disc E and tablet F will be turned and the
style 11 will cut or engrave a spiral line in the wax coating of the tablet-If one
talks into the mouth piece I the style will be thrown into vibrations corresponding
to the spoken words and the engraved line will be of varying character the
inequalities or variations from uniformity representing the forms of the sound
waves.
The reproducer K shewn in figures 7 and 8 for reproducing from the engraved
tablet or from other suitable record, the sounds which formed said records has a
reproducing style 26 formed of a narrow metal strip bent near the end as shewn
in Figure 8 and pointed as shewn in Figure 7. This style is held by cementing
rivetting or otherwise, between the strip 27 and the circular plate 28 both
preferably of hard rubber. The strip 27 is fastened at the bottom to an offset on
the block 29 in which a passage is formed for the sound waves. This passage
terminates just behind the plate 28. There is a fixed disc 30 of the same size as
the moveable plate 28-It is cemented or otherwise fastened on the face of the
block and is perforated at the centre in order not to obstruct the opening therein.
The plate 28 is close to but not in contact with the disc. The tube 31 fixed at
the upper end to the block 29 is joined at the lower end to the tube 33 by a section
of soft flexible vulcanised rubber tubing 32. For use the tube 33 is slipped into
the tube 19 in the manner shewn for the tube 18 of the Recorder.
The reproducer K when so placed is mounted upon a hollow standard composed
of the tubes or tubing 31, 32, 33, and 19, and in consequence of the flexibility of
the Rubber tubing 32 it is free to follow the Record. No special care is necessary
to insure its adjustment for if the reproducer K be allowed to rest against the
record with the style upon the engraved line, the style will of itself gravitate to
the bottom of the groove.
There exists always a liability to disarrangement in some part of the machine
either in the Recorder or the support therefor or the recording tablet or its support;
or if there be no disarrangement it would be difficult to insure that the reproducing
style should touch the record precisely at the proper point if the reproducer be
held rigidly. Difficulties on these accounts are avoided by the loose or flexible
mounting of the reproducer, the style automatically adjusting itself to the proper
place on the Record. It will be seen that the reproducer is mounted on an
universal joint so that it can move in any direction. The movement parallel with
the face of the tablet would however by itself allow the style to follow and adjust
itself to the record to a useful extent.
In operation the reproducer K is placed against the record and on turning the
wheel 8 in the same direction and at about the same speed that it was turned in
recording, the record will move the style 26 and plate 28 so as to throw the air in
the hollow standard into vibrations and produce sound waves similar to those
'which originally acted upon the recording style to make the record.
The reproduced sounds are audible by placing the ear in proximity to the mouth
piece I but it is preferred to withdraw said mouth piece and to connect the
flexible tube 34 (see figure 11) with the tube 21 and listen at the ear piece 35.
After the record has been cut it will of course be understood that the machine is
turned back to the starting point for reproducing.
The surface of the cut record can be rendered more smooth by removing the
engraved tablet from the machine and exposing the surface to heat as for example
by rotating the tablet face downward over an Alcohol lamp until the surface begins
to glisten. Of course a too long exposure would destroy the Record-It is the
merest surface action that is required The record can be used for reproducing
without submitting to this operation and without removing it from the machine,

page_text: It may however be removed and at any time thereafter replaced on the same or a
similar machine and be made to reproduce the original sounds.
The Reproducer K¹ shewn in figures 9 and 10 has the style 20 attached to
the outer of two light plates 36 and 37 which are attached to a diaphragm 38 of
thin sheet rubber clamped at the edges between the ring 39 and the border of the
back plate 40. The tube 31 is fastened in the back plate.
It will be observed that in both forms of reproducer the style 26 projects beyond
the edge or end of the instrument so that the position of its point on the record
can be easily seen.
Referring now to figures 12-17 A is the bed B an upright frame D an arbour,
E a metal disc, F the tablet and C a friction pinion as in Figures 1-11. The
nut 2 and washer 3, the shaft 7 wheel 8 and crank 9 and the paper disc 24 and
wax coating 25 are identical with the parts similarly numbered in Figures 1, 2
and 3.
The arbor D instead of being journalled in a slide is carried by an arm L which
is supported by and is fixed on the short shaft 50. This shaft is supported on
centres 51 and 52 so that the arm L can be rocked. The worm wheel 53. loosely
mounted on the shaft 50 is held stationary by the clamp M the jaws 54 fitting on
either side of the wheel and being pressed against it by the thumb screw 55.
The arbor D carries a screw wheel 56 which engages the worm pinion 57 at the
upper end of shaft 58. The screw 59 at the lower end of the shaft engages the
worm wheel 53 This shaft 58 and the gears 57 and 59 carried thereby prevent
the arm L being turned independently of the worm wheel 53 except as the said
shaft is rotated. As the arbor D disc E and tablet F are rotated the screw
wheel 56 turns the shaft 58 and consequently the worm wheel 53 being held
stationary by the clamp M the arm L is swung gradually to one side so that the
recorder engraves a spiral line on the wax face of the tablet.
When the record has been cut it is only necessary in order to restore the tablet
to the starting point for reproducing, to throw back the recorder and to loosen
clamp M when arm L can be moved at once to the proper position.
A recorder constructed and mounted precisely as in figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 could
be used in this machine but as shewn the recording instrument His modified to
some extent The cutting style 11 (which is the same as that of Figures 4-6) is
set into a block 60 carried by a metal strip 61. This is fastened to a block 62 at
the lower end of a back piece 63 which is attached to the upper end of the tube 64
which forms the hollow standard for the recorder and which is mounted on the
bracket 05 so as to be capable of being turned to put the record into or out of
action. The sound conveying tube 66 corresponding to tube 21 of Figures 1 and 2
communicates through the hinge with the interior of the tube 64.
In front of the opening at the upper end of tube 64 is stretched a diaphragm 67
of thin sheet metal or it may be of other material its edges being clamped between
the ring 68 and back piece 63, soft rubber rings 69 and 70 being interposed one on
each side of the diaphragm-On the opposite side of the diaphragm 67 from the
tube 64 a light plate 71 of metal cupped in the centre is held against the diaphragm
by the pressure of the strip 61 a projection on the back of said strip bearing
against the said plate 71.
In this machine the reproducer K instead of being mounted on the same bracket
as the recorder when the latter has been removed, is carried by a separate
bracket 72 the tube 33 being hinged thereto so that the recorder and reproducer
remain or may remain always attached to the machine, it only being necessary to
turn one or the other into position as may be required.
Referring to figures 18-20, A is the base or bed B an upright frame 7 the
driving shaft & the fly wheel 9 the operating crank handle and G the friction
pinion as in figures 1 and 2. The arbor P is supported in an upright position in
bearings of the frame A. B. and is revolved by the friction pinion G engaging the
friction disc Q.

page_text: The record is made on a wax coated strip of paper R which is passed around the
periphery of the disc S in the groove formed therein-As the strip passes in front
of the recorder or reproducer it is wound off one reel say the reel T and upon the
other reel U. The strip can be wound back upon the reel T when desired. Each
reel rests by its own weight upon a platform or flange 75 at the upper end of a
hollow shaft 76 which turns upon a stand 77 fastened at the base to a bed B.
A pin 78 passes through the centre of the reel and forms a journal for it to turn
upon. A nut 79 bolds the reel on and may be used to bind it with more or less
tension. On each shaft 76 is a belt pulley 80 and 81 respectively driven by a
crossed belt 82 or 83 from a pulley 84 or 85 on the Arbor P. These pulleys 84
and 85 are loose upon the arbor but are provided each with a clutch 86 and 87 so
placed (see figure 18) that when the arbor is turned to the left the clutch 87
engages the hub 89 on the arbor and the pulley 85 is turned therewith while when
turned to the right the clutch 86 engages the hub 88.
Each shaft 76 has a stop clutch 90 and 91 respectively, which holds it stationary
when the strip is being wound on the other roel. Thus when the arbor P is
turned to the left the reel U is revolved in the direction indicated by the arrow
and the sleeve supporting reel T is held stationary. The strip is thus stretched at
all times, the degree of tension depending upon the friction between the reels and
their supporting flanges 75.
The recorder H is carried by a cross piece 92 supported by posts 93. The
style 11 is carried by a cross piece 94 to which it is attached by means of the
cup 95 of hard rubber which forms a nut on the screw threaded shank of the style
and said cup rests against a mica diaphragm 96 whose edges are clamped between
the screw ring 97 and the back plate 98. The tube 18 screwed into the back plate
is fastened by soldering or otherwise to the cross piece 92. The tube 23 of the
mouth piece I fits into said tube 18. The ends of the cross piece 92 are slotted to
fit around the screws at the top of posts 93 and rest upon nuts 99 and are clamped
by nuts 100. By means of these nuts the vertical position of the Recorder can be
adjusted. After one line has been engraved on the strip the recorder can be
adjusted to engrave as many additional lines parallel thereto as the strip will
receive. The slots in the cross piece 92 allow the recorder to be moved towards
and away from the strip so as to regulate the depth of the engraved line. To
ensure a greater nicety of adjustment, screws 101 are tapped through the metal at
the closed end of the slots and bear at the point against the supporting screws.
The Keproducer K³ (Figure 20) is similar to that shewn in Figures 9 and 10
except that the style 26 is so placed that the point is at the centre instead of
projecting beyond the edge of the instrument. Its position on the Record is
therefore not so readily seen but with the form of machine shewn in these
figures this is less important. The same may be said of the loose mounting of
the reproducer although in point of fact the thin rubber diaphragm 38 gives a
certain lateral play to the style. The tube 31 is rigidly fastened to a cross
piece 102 identical with the cross piece 92 and with said tube 31 the hearing
tube 34 and ear piece 35 are connected.
The paper strip can be easily coated with the beeswax and paraffin compound
by running the same through a body of melted composition and scraping one side
leaving what adheres to the other to harden thereon.
In figure 21 an arrangement for operating the recorder by electro magnetisin
is shewn The magnet 107 is mounted on a bar 108 journalled in bearings in
standards 109. It is provided with a bobbin 106 of wire surrounding the pole
piece which bobbin is included in a circuit over which electrical undulations are
caused to pass by any suitable transmitting instrument; for example such as
commonly employed on Telephone lines.
In front of the pole piece or core of the bobbin is a diaphragm 105 of magnetic
material whose edges are clamped between the ring 16 and back plate 17. The
cup 13 should always be in contact with diaphragm 105 and be pressed against it

page_text: by the spring of piece 14. This cup as well as the style 11 block 12 nut 15 and
cross piece 14 is the same as in the Recorder H of figures 1-4.
Referring to figures 22-38 the frame of the machine as therein shewn consists
of two upright side pieces 300 and 301 connected by tie rods 302 and 303 and the
tube 304 which serves as a tie rod. The tablet holder 305 in the form of an
elongated metal Cylinder is journalled in bearings at the top of the side pieces.
The right journal 300 is ball shaped and rests in a socket (see figure 26) which
permits the tablet holder to be tilted up, as indicated in dotted lines as well as to
be revolved, while endwise motion is effectually prevented The fly wheel 317
provided with a crank handle is mounted on a prolongation of the journal and
serves to revolve the tablet holder. The left journal 307 which is or may be
Cylindrical fits and revolves within a box 308 which is held in place on the
journal by a screw 309 in the end thereof. The box 308 in confined between a
seat on the side piece 301 and the hinged cap 310 which is held down by the
spring Catch 311 (see figure 27) fastened at the bottom in the plug 312 which is
adjustably retained in position by the set screw 313. The catch can be released
at will by a push pin 314. Below the journal 307 is a follower 315 fitting into
and moveable in a hole in side piece 301 acted upon by the spiral compression
spring 310 placed below it in the hole. The box 308 rests upon the top of the
follower and relieves the journal of all pressure from the spring 316 when the
cap 310 is held down by the catch 311. This pressure prevents the box turning.
On releasing the catch 311 the spring 316 expands and throws up the journal 307
and the cap 310 as shewn in Figure 27. The cap can then be turned back and the
tablet holder be tipped up and held in an inclined position by a hand on the fly
wheel 317. The tablet consists of an elongated hollow Cylinder or tube 318 of
paper or pasteboard (say one fortieth of an inch in thickness) coated with a layer
about one thirtieth of an inch in thickness of a compound of one part by weight
of white beeswax and two parts of paraffin. The beeswax and paraffin should be
melted and stirred together and then filtered unless they are entirely free from
sticks dirt and other foreign particles. The coating is or may be applied by
stopping the ends of the Cylinder partly immersing it in a bath of the melted
composition and turning it therein one or more times, removing it and allowing
the imaterial to harden keeping it in motion meanwhile to prevent running then
immersing and rotating it again and allowing the adherent layer to harden and so
continuing until a coating of rather more than the thickness above indicated is
attained. The surface is then turned smooth in a lathe, being supported on a
Cylinder like the tablet holder 305. The tablet is then ready for use by placing
over the holder or it may be kept until wanted-In keeping care should be taken
to prevent access of dust.
After the tablet has been placed on the holder the detachable end of the latter is
pressed down into its bearing and the cap 310 is engaged by the catch 311 which
holds it down.
The record is made on or in the wax coating of the tablet by the instrument
shewn in Figures 24 and 28-31. The diaphragm 320 (of Mica from six to twelve
one thousandths of an inch in thickness) is held in a frame 321 between the
flange 322 and a ring 323 of soft rubber tubing which is held down by the back
plate 324 and screws 325 tapped into the frame. The heads of these screws
project over the edge of the back plate. The recording style 326 formed of a steel
wire (say of an inch in diameter) sharpened at the front or operating end like
an ordinary round pointed turning tool and screw threaded at the other, is fastened
to the centre of the diaphragm by the nut 327 and washer 328 which are on
opposite sides of the diaphragm and clamp it between them.
The cutting edge of the style is preferably shaped to cut a groove of curved
rather than of V shaped cross section-A bar 329 is binged at one end to the
frame 321 by a pivot screw 385 and at the other adjustably but rigidly fastened
thereto by a screw 330-A second screw 331 bearing at the point against the top
of the bar 329 assists in securing an exact adjustment and in holding, the bar

page_text: rigid-At the middle of the bar is an enlargement 332 which extends into close
proximity to the recording style (see figure 30) and whose bottom is polished or
made smooth so that it may bear upon the wax coated tablet and move over it
without injury to the wax surface.
The frame 321 is provided with a base or carrier 333 in the form of a half nut
In use this nut is supported and engaged by the rotatory feed screw 334 which is
journalled in bearings in the side pieces 300 and 301. The base or carrier is
elongated to give a sufficient bearing on the screw to prevent the tipping of the
recorder sideways To assist in preventing this and also to prevent the Carrier
being lifted from the screw a guard is provided which consists of a block 335
attached to the end of a curved slide 336. This slide is guided by the piece 337
and can be turned from the position shewn in Figure 28, when the guard does not
interfere with the placing of the carrier on the screw, into the position shewn in
Figures 24 and 31 when it prevents the removal. The Carrier is however free to
turn on the screw as on an axle so that the Recorder under the action of gravity
will press against the tablet the bar 329 forming a rest to support it. The
recording style projects beyond the rest and enters the wax coating penetrating it
a distance which is regulated by the adjustment of said rest or bar 329. The sound
Conveyor consists of an elliptical mouth piece 338 and a tapering tube 339 both made
for lightness of hard rubber in thin sheets say one thirty second of an inch thick-
A metal thimble 340 is attached to the small end of the tapering tube which fits
over a tubular projection 341 on the back plate. The rotation of the feed screw 334
moves the Recorder lengthwise of the recording tablet and this movement in
connection with the rotation of the tablet causes the stylo to trace a spiral line in
the wax which line becomes a sound record by talking into the mouth piece 338
and thereby impressing sonorous vibrations upon the diaphragm and style-The
style then cuts a variable line whose irregularities or inequalities correspond to the
sound to be recorded. The spiral line, can be omitted for a given distance when
desired by simply lifting the recorder from the tablet. The feed screw 334 should
be so mounted as to prevent endwise movement which would tend to make the
tracing line more or less zig zag.
As shewn a spring 342 (see figures 22 and 27) presses constantly upon the left
end of the screw to keep it against the bearing at the opposite end. The feed
screw is revolved by the friction wheels shewn in figures 22, 23 and 26-In
recording the friction pinion 343 on the tablet holder communicates motion to the
large wheel 344 fast on the feed screw through the intermediate 345. Thus the
feed screw has a much slower rotation than the tablet holder and the convolutions
of the line traced on the tablet are much closer together than the threads of the
feed screw-The intermediate 345 is mounted on the stud 346 (see figure 26)
which is carried by a hinged frame so that the intermediate can be moved out of
contact with the pinion whenever it is desired to stop the feed without interrupting
the rotation of the tablet holder. The hinged frame consists of side bars 347
which are hinged separately on the tie rod 302 and are rigidly connected with
each other by tie bars 348 and 349-A spring 350 under each side bar tends to
lift the frame and press the intermediate 345 against the pinion 343. The feed
screw is therefore normally in engagement with the tablet holder but can be
disengaged at will by pressing upon the tie bar 348. The friction wheels 351
and 352 are for reversing the revolution of the feed screw. The wheel or
pinion 352
simply a hub on the side of the intermediate 345. The wheel 351
presses against the pinion 352 and is mounted on a stud at the end of bent
lever 353 which turns upon the screw stud 354 in line with the stud 346 (see
Figure 26) The lever 353 thus turns about the axis of the wheel 352 and the
wheel 351 may roll over the surface of the wheel 352 so as to be pressed against
and thus engage the pinion 343 on the tablet holder.
The short arm of the bent lever is connected by a link 355 with the stud 356
itself secured fast to the side piece 300. When therefore the tie bar 348 and side
bars 347 are depressed the lever (as shewn in figure 23) is turned to the left and

page_text: when it is sufficiently depressed the wheel 351 is held against and engaged by the
pinion 343. Motion is now communicated through the wheels 343, 351, 352,
and 344 the rotation of the feed screw is reversed and a more rapid rotation is
imparted to it. The carrier will therefore be moved backwards (to the left in
Figure 22) more rapidly than it was advanced. There will ordinarily be not much
occasion to use the stop and reversing mechanism in recording It is for use in
reproducing that is it has been specially devised.
The reproducer (see figures 23, 25, 32, 33 and 34) has a style 357 welded or
otherwise fastened to the end of a flexible strip 358 of thin steel (say one
thousandth of an inch in thickness) so as to project beyond both edges of the same
like a hammer head The outer end of this style (which should be somewhat more
tapering at the point than the recording style) rubs over the record or tablet; the
inner end presses upon a light flat spring 359 fastened at the lower end to the
frame 360 of the reproducer. The strip 358 is soldered into a slit of the ear 361
on the spring which by bending between the ear 361 and where it is attached to
the frame 360 allows the style and strip to be moved in or out and thus serves to
hinge the same to the said frame.
The diaphragm 362 of hard rubber about seven one thousandths of an inch in
thickness is pressed against a central seat in the face of the frame 360 by means
of the spring 359 between which and said diaphragm is a little block 363 of cork.
It serves the double function of pressing the diaphragm against its seat and also of
communicating vibrations to it. Cork is used because it is light and conveys
vibrations well and has sufficient friction upon the diaphragm and spring to remain
in the position in which it may be placed. By leaving it to be held by friction it
can be adjusted by the user to give the best effects but it can be secured by cement
or otherwise in the position which the maker or adjuster of the instrument may
determine preferably it occupies a position intermediate of the style 357 and the
edge of the diaphragm as shewn; but it can be set directly opposite the style-In
the former position there is a certain length of the spring 359 beyond the cork
which length forms a tongue with a very high rate of normal vibration It absorbs
a considerable portion of the small vibrations which produce scratching noises and
it thus makes the articulation more distinct. It also reduces somewhat the
loudness of the sounds reproduced but the increased distinctness more than
compensates for any loss in loudness. Another effect which the tongue has is to
return the style more perfectly when it has been pushed out by an elevation on
the record. It does this because its normal vibration is quicker than that of the
diaphragm or because its amplitude of vibration is larger or for both reasons. It
will be understood that this spring tongue is compressed by the weight of the
reproducer which is sustained by the style. This weight is actually very small the
frame being made for lightness of hard rubber but in comparison with the strength
of the spring tongue it is considerable.
It will be observed that the diaphragm is strained by the spring in addition to
the strain due to the weight of the reproducer.
The inner end of the style 357 preferably rests in a hole or recess in the
spring 359 so that it is prevented from side motion bodily although capable of
rocking on the inner end as a centre-The bending of the strip 358 allows this
side movement of the front end of the style to take place with the greatest freedom.
A bodily movement of the style sidewise should be permitted if desired but a stop
should then be used to prevent it from being pushed off the spring 359. To protect
the style and other parts of the reproducer, a guard 364 is fastened to the front of
frame 360 and is perforated at the centre for the passage of the style. On either
side of the centre it is bent outward to forn horns to support the instrument when
placed face downward on a table or flat surface.
The reproducer consisting of the parts just described is mounted upon a hollow
standard 365 which is hinged at the bottom to the carrier 366 by means of hollow
trunnions 367 fitting in hollow uprights 368 on said carrier. The reproducer
standard 365 is provided with a thumb piece 369 which can be pressed to. hold up

page_text: une reproducer in placing the carrier on and removing it from the reed screw 35.
There are front and back screw stops 370 and 371 which limit the movement of
the reproducer independently of the carrier. This latter is provided with a half
nut to rest upon and engage the feed screw the same as the carrier of the recorder
It is not provided with a guard to retain it on the feed screw because it is
considered unnecessary particularly when a flexible sound conveyor is employed as
will presently be described. It is provided with a tail or prolongation 372 which
rests upon the tie bar 348 (see figure 25) so that when this is depressed to stop or
to reverse the feed screw the carrier will turn to the left (the centre of gravity
being on that side of the feed screw) and automatically lift the reproducing
style 357 from contact with the tablet 318 in or on which the record is formed.
When the tie bar 348 is released the springs 350 raise it and turn the reproducer
and its carrier to the right so that the style again makes contact with the record.
It will be observed that the pressure of the springs 350 does not force the style
against the record because the reproducer is hinged to its carrier and only its very
light weight comes upon the reproducing style and the record.
On the carrier is a brush 373 which when the reproducer is in motion bears upon
the record and clears it of dust or shavings of wax or other lightly adhering matter
in advance of the reproducing style.
The hollow standard 365 serves to convey sound from the lenticular chamber
behind the diaphragm into the uprights 368 with the interior of which the
coupling 374 communicates To this coupling a flexible sound conveyor 375 is
attached at one end the other end being connected with an upright branch of the
tube 304 Thus the sound is conveyed from the interior of the uprights 368 through
the coupling 374 and sound Conveyor 375 and tube 304 the flexibility of said
conveyor 375 permitting the traverse of the reproducer as well as the turning of
the carrier 366 on the feed screw 334.
The tube 304 communicates with tubes 376 and 377 one at each end of the
machine. A hearing tube is or may be attached to either or both tubes. Preferably
the apparatus shewn in figure 37 is employed. It consists of two elastic and
flexible hollow branches 378 each provided at the outer end with a cup 379
attached by a ball and socket joint and a flexible sound conveying tube 380 for
connecting both branches with the tube 376 or 377. As shewn there is a hollow
metal coupling 381 at the free end of the flexible tube 380 of such exterior diameter
as to fit snugly in the tube which is to receive it (see figure 25) This coupling is
provided with a stop cock 387 which can be turned to cut off more or less sound if
the reproduction is too loud. This diminution in loudness makes the scratching less
distracting to a person with a sensitive ear.
In use the cups 379 are placed one over each ear of the listener the ball and
socket joint permitting the cup to adjust itself to his head and the elasticity of the
branches 378 drawing them with sufficient pressure to support the apparatus. The
branches may be made of hard vulcanized rubber in order to secure the requisite
flexibility and elasticity but it is evident that sound conveying branches having
these qualities could be constructed of various materials and in various ways.
Instead of applying the tube 380 to the tube 376 or 377 it may be connected
directly with the coupling 374 the sound conveyor 375 being omitted. This has
the advantage of diminishing the length of tube between the reproducer and the
ear of the listener but is open to the objection that the reproducer is liable to be
pulled from the machine by incautious movements on the part of the listener.
It may be observed that the reproduced sound may be listened to in various
ways and that it is possible to perceive the sounds by applying the ear close to the
reproducer itself.
In the modified form of reproducer shewn in figure 36 the style 382 is made of a
thin plate of sheet steel say three one thousandths of an inch in thickness of the
form clearly shewn fastened on edge on the spring 359 being soldered in a slit in
the ear 383 and a similar slit in the end of the metal end of the metal button 38*

page_text: which end projects through the spring 359. This button bears upon the hard
rubber diaphragm 362 and serves to cominunicate vibration from the style to it.
In the form of reproducer shewn in Figure 38 the style 390 is interposed between
the diaphragm 362 and the flat spring 391 Near each end the style has a rounded
shoulder and the ends themselves are of smaller diameter so that they may pass
through holes in the diaphrgam and spring, as shewn the latter pressing upon the
shoulders. The spring 391 whose flat side is towards the diaphragm is attached to
the strip 392 which is soldered or otherwise fastened to the post 393.
The spring 391 retains the outer or operating end of the style in place while
allowing it freedom to move endwise for impressing vibrations upon the diaphragm,
Preferably it exerts a light pressure inwards tending to strain the diaphragm as
well as maintain itself in contact with the shoulder on the style. It supplies the
place of spring 359 of figures 32 and 36. The strip 392 whose edge is turned
towards the diaphragm allows the operating end of the style to move sideways-
It thus supplies the place of strip 358 of figure 32. and that which forms the
style 382 of figure 36. The construction of Figure 38 has the advantage over the
other forms that there is less material to be moved by the vibrations of the style.
The parts 391 and 392 can most conveniently be inade from a round wire by filing
the same flat at proper points.
The operation of the machine has practically been explained in the foregoing
description, in connection with the several parts of the machine but an explanation
will now be given of the operation as a whole.
Having prepared a hollow paper Cylinder and coated it with the paraffine and
beeswax composition, the coated Cylinder 318 (which forms the recording tablet)
is placed upon the tablet holder 305 which for the purpose is detached at one end
by releasing the catch 311 and tipped up as indicated in dotted lines in figure 26
The detached end of the tablet holder is then returned to its bearings in side
piece 301-Having adjusted the rest 329 of the recorder so that the recording
style 326 projects beyond the enlargement 332 the desired distance say five one
thousandths of an inch the recorder carrier 333 is placed on the feed screw near
the left end of the same, the guard block 335 is turned under the screw and the
recorder is made to rest against the recording tablet, the weight being supported by
the rest 329 and the style 326 penetrating the wax coating. The fly wheel 317 is
then turned revolving the tablet holder and tablet and also but at a less speed the
feed screw 334. Since the Recorder is moved lengthwise of the tablet as the latter
is revolved under it the recording style traces or more specifically cuts in the wax
coating a spiral groove whose convolutions are closer together than the threads of
the feed screw. The convolutions may be eight one thousandths of an inch apart.
To make a speech record in or on the tablet the speaker places the lower part of
his face in the mouth piece 338 and says in a clear and moderately loud voice the
words to be recorded the fly wheel being kept in motion at an uniform speed of say
one hundred and sixty revolutions per minute. If it be desired to mark visibly a
paragraph on the record it can be done by lifting the recorder for a short time from
the Record then releasing it and again speaking into the mouth piece.
The
sonorous vibrations which the speaker impresses upon the air in the mouth
piece 338 and tube 339 are taken up by the diaphragm 320 and style 326 and the
latter cuts a groove in the tablet which is correspondingly irregular. After the
record has been cut over the whole tablet or as much as may be desired the recorder
is removed. The tablet is also removed and brushed to remove the wax shavings
and then or at some future time is replaced on the tablet holder of the same, or of
a similar machine.
The reproducer carrier 366 is placed on the feed screw 334 the tail 372 resting
on the tie bar 348. The thumb piece 369 of the reproducer standard is pressed
upon to keep the style 357 or 382 from contact with the record until the carrier
has been placed on the screw. It is then released and the reproducer falling
forward brings the style into contact with the Record. Preferably the grooves are
so close together that the ridge between them tapers to an edge on top so that no

page_text: matter where the reproducer may be placed the style will enter a groove and being
free to move sidewise will owing to the sloping sides of the groove penetrate to the
bottom thereof under the action of gravity.
The fly wheel being turned at about the speed used in recording, the reproducer
will follow the spiral groove cut by the recorder and will be acted upon by the
inequalities or irregularities of the record and made to reproduce sounds or
Bonorous vibrations similar to those which acted upon the recorder to produce said
inequalities or irregularities in the groove. Each elevation as it passes under the
style at first presses the latter outward and when the top of the elevation is
reached allows it to be returned inward by the tension of the diaphragm and
spring or of the diaphragm alone. By these alternating movements repeated for
each ascent and descent in the record and corresponding in extent and rapidity
with the length and slope of the ascent and descent the diaphragm is thrown into
vibrations corresponding in form to the sonorous vibrations which caused the
irregularities or inequalities. In addition to these vibrations foreign vibrations due
to various causes are also impressed upon the diaphragm. These should be dis-
regarded as far as possible by the listener confining his attention to the speech
vibrations. They will in the reproducer shewn in figures 32 and 33 be measurably
taken up by the vibration independently of the diaphragm 362 of the tongue
formed by the end of the spring 359 which projects beyond the block 363.
In certain speech sounds it is found that the diaphragm responds too sluggishly
and that in consequence of this sluggishness the style, if influenced by the
diaphragm alone, will not descend to the bottom of a depression in the groove
but will skip across thus cutting off more or less of the vibration. The tongue of
the spring 359 responds more readily than the diaphragm and diminishes the
danger of false vibrations. This spring tongue also absorbs a portion of the speech
vibrations thus diminishing the loudness of the reproduced sound; but any loss in
this respect will be more than balanced by the improvement in distinctness. The
vibrations of the diaphragm being impressed upon the air in the Chamber behind
the same are conveyed through the standard 365 the uprights 368 the coupling 374
the flexible tube 375, the tube 304 the tube 376 or 377 the tube 380 and the
branches 378 to the ears of the listener. Should it be desired to interrupt the
reproduction for a time the tie bar 348 is pressed lightly thereby withdrawing the
intermediate 345 from contact with the pinion 343 and stopping the rotation of
the feed screw 334 At the same time the reproducer carrier 366 is allowed by
the depression of the tie bar to turn sufficiently to lift the reproducer style 357
clear of the record, the front stop 370 coming in contact with the standard 365 and
raising the same.
Should one or more words phrases or sentences not be understood the tie bar 348
is pressed more strongly so as to bring the wheel 351 into engagement with the
pinion 343 and thereby reverse the rotation of the feed screw.
When the repro-
ducer has been carried back beyond the part of the record from which the
reproduction was not understood the tie bar 348 is released the style again comes
into contact with the record and the reproduction commences at the point to which
the reproducer bas been brought back. This repitition of what is not understood
can be made as often as desired.
Friction wheels for communicating motion to the feed screw are preferred to cog
or other toothed gearing (which could of course be used without departing from
the invention) notwithstanding their liability to slip, because they run smoother
and are more easily engaged and disengaged. A slip between the wheels causes
the reproducer to be fed faster or slower than the spiral on the tablet permits the
style to advance. As a general thing there is more slip in recording than in
reproducing and consequently the reproducer outruns the style slightly. The style
should be given enough side play to compensate for this difference in speed, but if
not given the only difficulty is that the style will at length slip across the ridge
between the grooves and thus escape the action of a portion of the record so
that it may be necessary to bring back the reproducer by reversing the feed. The

page_text: Tudness of the reproduction is limited as desired by turning the stop cock 387 to
the desired extent.
In the foregoing description of the machine shewn in the drawings, dimensions,
proportions materials and other details of construction are mentioned with par-
ticularity for the purpose of enabling others more readily to make and use the new
improvements and not as limitations of the said improvements since it is obvious
that modifications can be made in details without departing from the spirit of the
Invention and that parts of the Invention can be used separately.
The terms "recorder" and reproducer" as used herein, include simply, means
(a style for example) for acting upon a tablet to form a record or being acted upon
by a sound record in connection with means whereby vibrations can be impressed
upon the recording style or its substitute or can be received from the reproducing
style or its substitute and such frame or support as may be necessary to an
operative device.
As hereafter employed they mean a recorder or reproducer of any ordinary or
suitable description unless a special form is mentioned or is necessarily implied
from the connection in which the Recorder or Reproducer is used. For example
some forms of recorder and reproducer would not be suitable for use with a wax
coated to at.
In like uner other terms such as tablet, tablet holder, carrier, sound conveyor,
gearing, & refer to devices of any ordinary or suitable description except as
otherwise indicated.
A means has been shewn for impressing vibrations upon the recording style by
an electrical current through the intermediary of an electro magnet in a manner
similar to that in which the diaphragm of an ordinary receiving telephone has been
vibrated. It is evident that other means heretofore used for vibrating a diaphragm
could be used in place of the magnet also it is evident that the vibrations of the
reproducing style could be taken up and transmitted by the means heretofore used
for taking up and transmitting, vibrations (those of a Telephone diaphragm for
example).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. The method of forming a record of sounds by impressing sonorous
vibrations upon a style, and thereby cutting in a solid body the record corre-
sponding in form to the sound waves in contradistinction to the formation of
sound waves by indenting a foil with a vibratory style, or cutting a strip by
vibrating it against a revolving disc cutter; substantially as described.
Second. The method of forming a sound record by impressing sonorous vibrations
upon a style in a direction at right angles to the recording surface and thereby
cutting in a solid body a series of elevations and depressions of varying depth
corresponding in form to the sound waves substantially as described.
Third. The vibratory cutting style of a sound recorder substantially as described.
Fourth. The cutting style in combination with a support permitting the same to
be vibrated and means for impressing sonorous vibrations thereon substantially as
described.
Fifth. A vibratory cutting style in combination with a sound conveying tube for
concentrating the sound waves upon the style substantially as described.
Sixth. A vibratory cutting style in combination with a tablet or other solid body
in which the record is to be cut, and mechanism for supporting the same and
moving it with reference to the said style substantially as described.
Seventh. A sound record consisting of a tablet or other solid body having its
surface cut or engraved with narrow lines of irregular or varied form corresponding
to sound waves substantially as described.
Eighth. A s. und record consisting of a tablet or solid body having its surface cut,

page_text: or engraved with a number or unes of variable cross section, negat
variations corresponding in form to sound waves substantially as described.
Ninth. The method of forming a sound or speech record, by engraving or cutting
the same in wax or a wax like composition, substantially as described.
Tenth. The sound or speech record cut or engraved in wax or a wax-like
composition substantially as described.
Eleventh. The recording tablet of a Phonograph or sound recording machine
having as the material for recording sounds or sonorous vibrations the composition
of bees-wax and paraffine substantially as described.
Twelfth. The sound or speech record cut or engraved in a wax like composition
such as the compound of beeswax and paraffine substantially as described.
Thirteenth. A tablet or body for recording sound vibrations consisting of a paper
or paste board foundation and a surface coating of beeswax and paraffine compound,
substantially as described.
Fourteenth. The sound or speech record cut or engraved in a wax-like com-
position, such as the described compound of bees wax and paraffine constituting a
surface coating to a paper or pasteboard foundation, substantially as described.
Fifteenth. The method of making a sound or speech record by engraving or
cutting in the recording material an irregular groove with sloping walls the shape
of the groove representing the sound vibrations substantially as described.
Sixteenth. The method of making a sound or speech record by cutting in the
recording material a groove with sloping walls and of variable cross-section the
variation corresponding in form to sound waves substantially as described,
Seventeenth. The sound record in the form of an irregular groove with sloping
walls cut in solid material substantially as described.
Eighteenth. The sound record cut in wax or wax-like composition in the form
of an irregular groove with sloping walls substantially as described.
Nineteenth. The combination with the reproducing style of a mounting therefor
which leaves said style free to move laterally and thereby adjust itself automatically
to a sound record substantially as described.
Twentieth. The reproducer loosely mounted on a suitable support so that the
reproducing style is capable of a lateral movement and may in consequence thereof
adjust itself automatically on the record substantially as described.
Twenty first. The reproducer mounted on an universal joint and held against
the record by yielding pressure substantially as described.
Twenty second. The combination with a grooved tablet or other body having
a sound record formed therein of a reproducer having a rubbing style loosely
mounted so that it is free to move laterally and thus adjust itself to the groov
substantially as described.
Twenty third. The combination with the tablet or other body having the sound
record formed therein as an irregular groove with sloping walls, of a reproducer
having a style for rubbing over said record and mounted on an universal joint
substantially as described.
Twenty fourth. The combination with a sound record formed in wax or a
wax-like material of a reproducer having a rubbing style for receiving sonorous
vibrations from said record substantially as described.
Twenty fifth. A reproducer having a style projecting beyond the edge or end
of the instrument so that the position of the point of the style on the record may
be readily seen substantially as described.
Twenty sixth. In a reproducer the combination with a vibratory plate or
diaphragm of a reproducing style fastened flatwise on said plate or diaphragın and
bent at the end substantially as described.
Twenty seventh. The method of recording and reproducing sounds by cutting
the record in a wax or wax-like material and then rubbing over the record the
style of a suitable reproducing instrument so as to impress sonorous vibrations on
said style substantially as described.

page_text: I wenty eighth. The method of improving a sound record by producing an
insipient fusion of the surface substantially as described.
Twenty ninth. The improvement in preparing a sound record by cutting the
record in a fusible material and then producing an incipient fusion of the surface
substantially as described.
Thirtieth. The sound recorder having a vibratory cutting style held against the
recording material by yielding pressure substantially as described.
Thirty first. The recording instrument having a vibratory cutting style and
mounted on a hinged arm substantially as described.
Thirty second. The combination with the tablet or body in which the sound
record is to be made, of the recording instrument mounted on a hinged arm and
resting by gravity against the tablet substantially as described.
Thirty third. The recorder mounted on a hollow arm or standard which con-
stitutes also a sound conveyor substantially as described.
Thirty fourth. The recorder mounted upon an arm or standard hinged to its
bracket or base and provided with a sound conveyor extending lengthwise of said
arm substantially as described.
Thirty fifth. The recorder mounted upon a hinged arm and combined with a
Bound Conveyor which extends lengthwise of the arm and is connected at the
hinge with an exterior sound conveyor substantially as described.
Thirty sixth. The reproducer mounted upon a hollow standard which forms a
sound Conveyor substantially as described.
Thirty seventh. The reproducer mounted upon a hinged arm and provided with
a sound conveyor extending lengthwise of said arm substantially as described.
Thirty eighth. The reproducer mounted on a hinged arm and provided with
a sound conveyor extending lengthwise of said arm and connected at the hinge
with an exterior sound conveyor substantially as described.
Thirty ninth. The combination with a sound recorder of a mouth piece shaped
to surround the mouth and nose of the user and to concentrate the sound upon the
recording device substantially as described.
Fortieth. The combination with the tablet in the form of a disc and a recorder
or reproducer of mechanisin for causing a spiral line to be traced on the disc by
the recorder or reproducer at an uniform surface speed substantially as described.
Forty first. The combination with the tablet in the form of a disc, the arbor and
the metal disc operating as a friction wheel, of a slide or its equivalent such as
herein shewn in which said arbor is journalled and the friction pinion for revolving
said disc substantially as described.
Forty second. The combination with the recorder or reproducer, the disc, the
arbor aud the laterally moveable support to the arbor, of the friction pinion placed
behind and bearing against the disc at a point opposite the recorder or reproducer
substantially as described.
Forty third. The combination with a recording style and the support therefor
of a cup on the back of said support and the sound conveying tube terminating
just bebind the cup substantially as described.
Forty fourth. In combination with the style of a sound reproducer, a vibratory
body or plate of hard rubber upon which vibrations are impressed by said style
and through which they are transmitted substantially as described.
Forty fifth. A tablet provided with a wax-like coating and having engraved in
said coating a spiral line with inequalities or irregularities corresponding in form
to sound waves substantially as described.
Forty six. A tablet provided with a coating of wax or wax-like substance and
having a sound record engraved in said coating said engraved coating having the
glazed surface which results from an incipient fusion after cutting or engraving
the record substantially as described.
Forty seventh. In combination with a sound recorder a flaring mouth piece
shaped to fit over the face of the user and to include his nose and communicating

page_text: through a tube or contracted opening with the space behind the diaphragm of said
recorder substantially as described.
Forty eighth. A recording tablet for a Phonograph consisting of a hollow
Cylinder provided with a wax or wax-like coating for receiving the sound record
substantially as described.
Forty ninth. A recording tablet consisting of a hollow cylinder of paper pro-
vided with a wax or wax like coating substantially as described.
Fiftieth. The recording tablet consisting of a hollow paper cylinder coated with
a composition of beeswax and paraffine substantially as described.
Fifty first. A tubular self sustaining tablet for recording sounds or sonorous
vibrations substantially as described.
Fifty second. In a Phonograph and in combination with a sound recorder or
reproducer and operating. mechanism for causing the said recorder or reproducer
to trace a spiral line on the tablet an elongated cylindrical tablet holder supported
and journalled so that the tubular tablet can be placed on the same substantially
as described.
Fifty third. The combination with a tubular tablet of the tablet holder for
supporting and rotating the same substantially as described.
Fifty fourth. A tablet holder journaled in bearings at both ends and detachable
from its support at least at one end so that a tubular tablet can be slipped
over the same in combination with a sound recorder. or reproducer and operating
mechanism for causing said recorder or. reproducer to trace a spiral line on the
tablet substantially as described.
Fifty fifth. A tablet bolder detachably connected with its support at one end
and provided at the other end with a ball and socket bearing or bearing which
permits the said holder to be tilted for placing a tubular tablet on the same.
in combination with a sound recorder or reproducer and operating mechanism
for causing said recorder or reproducer to trace a spiral line on the tablet
substantially as described.
Fifty sixth. The combination with the tablet holder the side piece or support
at one end of the same and the cap therefor of the catch or fastening for said cap
and the spring for moving the tablet holder when the catch is released substantially
as described.
Fifty seventh. The combination with the tablet holder and the ball and socket
bearing or bearing for permitting the holder to be tilted, of the support and cap at
the opposite end of said holder the catch or fastening for said cap and the spring
for lifting the journal from said support when the catch or fastening is released
substantially as. described.
Fifty eighth. The combination with the tablet holder of the box or sleeve on one
journal of the same, the support and cap forming the bearing for said box or
sleeve, and the catch or fastening for the cap substantially as described.
Fifty ninth. The combination with the tablet bolder of the box or sleeve held on
one journal of the same, the support and cap forming a bearing for said box or
sleeve, and the spring whose pressure acts against said box or sleeve substantially
as described.
Sixtieth. The combination with the tablet holder of the ball journal and socket
bearing at one end of said holder, the box or sleeve on the journal at the opposite
end of said holder and the bearing for the same substantially as described.
Sixty first. The combination with the tablet holder, the recorder and the feed
screw, of gearing between said holder and feed screw for revolving the latter at a
slower speed than the former substantially as described.
Sixty second. The combination with the feed screw, of the carrier for the
recorder or reproducer provided with a divided or partial nut for engaging said
screw substantially as described.
Sixty third. The combination with the feed screw and the carrier for engaging
the same of the movable guard for retaining the carrier in engagement with the
screw substantially as described.

page_text: Sixty fourth. The combination with a feed screw of the carrier for the recorder
or reproducer engaged and also supported by said screw substantially as described.
Sixty fifth. The combination with a feed screw of the carrier for the recorder or
reproducer movable lengthwise of and engaged by said screw and capable of
turning on the same as on a journal substantially as described.
Sixty sixth. The combination with a tablet and tablet holder of the feed screw
a carrier mounted on said screw and the recorder supported on said carrier and
resting against the tablet substantially as described.
Sixty seventh. The combination with the tablet holder feed screw and gearing
between the same of the hinged frame upheld by spring pressure and the devices
connected therewith for putting the feed screw out of action substantially as
described.
Sixty eighth. The combination with the tablet holder, feed screw and gearing
between the two, of the hinged frame upheld by spring pressure and reversing
mechanism connected with said frame for reversing the rotation of the feed screw
relatively to the tablet holder substantially as described.
Sixty ninth. The combination with a tablet holder, a feed screw, gearing, and an
instrument, (the reproducer for example) engaged by said screw of stop mechanism
for putting the feed screw out of action, and at the same time lifting the instru-
ment clear of the tablet substantially as described.
Seventieth. The combination with a tablet holder, a feed screw gearing and an
instrument, (the reproducer for example,) engaged by said screw of reversing
mechanism for reversing the rotation of the feed screw, the said mechanism being
connected with said instrument so that the latter will be lifted clear of the tablet
on the reversal of the feed screw substantially as described.
Seventy-first. The combination with the tablet and the recorder held against the
same by yielding pressure of a rest bearing on said tablet for supporting the
recorder substantially as described.
•
Seventy second. The combination with the recorder frame and style, and
the means whereby sonorous vibrations are impressed upon the style of the rest
attached to said frame and arranged close to said style, the latter projecting
beyond the rest to act upon the recording tablet substantially as described.
Seventy third. The combination with the recorder of the adjustable rest attached'
to said recorder for bearing upon the recording tablet substantially as described.
Seventy fourth. The combination with the recording style, the recorder frame
and the means whereby vibrations are impressed upon the style of the rest
attached to said frame and adjustable lengthwise of said style substantially as
described.
Seventy fifth. The combination with the recorder frame and the rest attached
thereto, of the diaphragm and the recording style, mounted directly on said
diaphragm substantially as described.
Seventy sixth. The combination with the diaphragm, of the cutting style formed
of a wire sharpened at its outer end and attached to said diaphragm so as to
vibrate with the same substantially as described.
Seventy seventh. The combination with the diaphragm of the cutting style
provided with a screw threaded shank, and the nut and washer for securing the
same to the diaphragm substantially as described.
Seventy eighth. The combination with a recorder having a cutting style, of the.
rest for bearing upon the recording tablet substantially as described..
Seventy ninth. The combination with the tablet having a wax or wax like
coating to receive the record of the recorder pressed towards the tablet by yielding
pressure and provided with a cutting style, and the rest for bearing upon the
tablet and supporting said pressure substantially as described.
Eightieth. The combination with the recorder of the sound concentrator com-
prising a flaring mouthpiece and a tapering tube forming a continuation of the
same substantially as described.

page_text: .
Eighty first. The combination with the recorder of the sound concentrator
comprising a mouthpiece of elliptical form and a tapering tube forming a con-
tinuation of the same substantially as described.
Eighty second. The combination with the reproducer of the brush for cleaning
the record in advance of the reproducer substantially as described.
Eighty third. The combination with the recording tablet having a wax or wax-
like coating in which the record is cut, of the reproducer and and the brush for
cleaning the record in advance of the reproducer substantially as described.
Eighty fourth. A recording tablet consisting of a hollow cylinder provided with
a wax or waxlike coating and having a sound record cut in said coating sub-
stantially as described.
Eighty fifth. The combination with the tablet and tablet holder of the feed
screw, the gearing, the reproducer carrier, and the brush substantially as described.
Eighty sixth. A reproducer having a flexible or flexibly mounted style, movable
sidewise independently of the diaphragm or device to which the style communicates
vibration substantially as described.
Eighty seventh. A reproducer having the style attached to or in one piece with
a comparatively broad and thin strip, placed on edge, said style in consequence of
the flexibility of said strip being movable sidewise independently of the diaphragm
or device to which the style communicates vibration, but in consequence of the
breadth of said strip being practically rigid to pressure in other directions, sub-
stantially as described.
Eighty eighth. The combination with the reproducer style and diaphragin or
device to which said style is to communicate vibrations, of a comparatively broad
and thin strip placed on edge and attached to or in one piece with said style said
strip being hinged to the frame so that the style may be vibrated in the plane of
said strip substantially as described.
Eighty ninth. In a reproducer the style attached to a thin metal strip breadth-
wise of the same, like a hammer head substantially as described.
Ninetieth. The reproducer style attached to, or in one piece with a broad and
thin strip in combination with a diaphragm or device upon which the reproduced
sonorous vibrations are to be impressed, and a spring carrying said style and strip
and serving as a hinge to permit them to vibrate substantially as described.
Ninety first. The combination with the reproducer style and the diaphragm or
device upon which the reproduced sonorous vibrations are to be impressed by said
style of a flat metal spring interposed between the style and diaphragm and forming
a yielding connection through which the reproduced vibrations are transmitted
substantially as described.
Ninety second. The combination with the reproducer style and the diaphragm or
device upon which the reproduced vibrations are to be impressed by said style, of
a metal spring or spring tongue whose normal vibration quicker than that
of said diaphragm and whose tension tends to move the style away from the
diaphragın substantially as described.
Ninety third. In combination with a diaphragm a frame having a concave sent
for said diaphragm the walls of said seat converging to an opening in the back
through which the sound may escape substantially as described.
EL
Ninety fourth. The combination with the diaphragm and the frame having
concave seat for said diaphragm of a spring for holding the diaphragm to its seat
and for straining the same substantially as described.
Ninety fifth. The combination with the diaphragm, its supporting frame, and the
style of the spring for straining said diaphragm substantially as described.
Ninety sixth. The combination with the diaphragm and its supporting frame, of
the spring pressing inward on said diaphragm and the style carried by said spring
substantially as described.
Ninety seventh. The combination with the diaphragm and its frame, of the
spring projecting over said diaphragm, the block between the spring and diaphragm
and the style bearing upon the spring beyond said block substantially as described.

page_text: vinery eighth. The combination with the reproducer style of the hard rubber
diaphragm and the frame for supporting said diaphragm at the edges substantially
as described.
Ninety ninth. The combination with a diaphragm and its frame, of a spring
projecting over said diaphragın, a style carried by said spring, and a block between
the diaphragm and spring, adjustable lengthwise of the latter, substantially as
described.
One hundredth. The combination with the reproducer of the guard fastened over
the face of the same, substantially as described.
One hundred and first. The reproducer provided with a guard fastened over the
face of the same, and curved to form horus upon which the reproducer may rest,
substantially as described.
One hundred and second. The double ear-piece comprising the elastic and flexible
hollow branches provided each with a cup connected with the branch by a ball and
socket joint substantially as described.
One hundred and third. The combination with the reproducer and the carrier
therefor, and the feed screw for moving them, of a sound conveying tube on the
machine frame, and a flexible sound conveyor between the reproducer and the said
tube, substantially as described.
One hundred and fourth. The combination with the reproducer, of the double
ear-piece comprising the elastic and flexible hollow branches and the cups jointed
to the ends of said branches, substantially as described.
One hundred and fifth. The combination with the feed screw and the reproducer
carrier supported and capable of turning on said screw, of the reproducer hinged to
said carrier, and a stop for lifting the reproducer when the carrier is turned in the
proper direction, substantially as described.
One hundred and sixth. The combination with the feed screw and the repro-
ducer carrier engaging and capable of turning on said screw, and provided with
an extension or tail, of a movable bar under said tail for upholding the same, so
that by depressing said bar the carrier can be turned and lift the reproducer from
the tablet substantially as described.
One hundred and seventh. The combination of the feed screw the reproducer
carrier mounted thereon and provided with an extension or tail and the bar under
said tail for upholding the same, substantially as described.
One hundred and eighth. The combination with the reproducer carrier, of the
reproducer mounted on a standard hinged to said carrier, said standard being
provided with a thumb piece or device whereby the reproducer can be held up in
placing the reproducer on and removing it from the machine substantially as
described.
One hundred and ninth. The combination with the tablet, tablet holder, feed
screw, gearing, reproducer and reproducer carrier, of the mechanism for controlling
the rotation of said feed screw, the same being connected with said carrier so as to
lift the reproducer from the tablet, when operated to stop or to reverse the rotation
of said screw substantially as described.
One hundred and tenth. The combination with the tablet holder and the feed
screw of the gearing for rotating the feed screw in the forward direction, the hinged
frame for disengaging said gearing when moved a certain distance, and additional
wheels connected with said frame so as by a further movement to engage said
wheels and reverse the rotation of said screw substantially as described.
One hundred and eleventh. The combination with the tablet holder the feed
screw, the gearing for rotating the same in a forward direction, the gearing for
rotating the same backwards at a greater speed, and mechanism for bringing the
latter into action, substantially as described.
One hundred and twelfth. The combination with the reproducer and a conveying
tube for the reproduced sounds, of a stop-cock in said tube for moderating at will
the loudness of the sound to be conveyed to the ear, substantially as described.

page_text: One hundred and thirteenth. The improved recording and reproducing machine
comprising the following elements, in combination; a hollow cylindrical self-
sustaining tablet, a tablet holder journaled and hinged at one end to the machine
frame, and journaled and detachably connected with said frame at the other,
a feed screw, gearing for rotating the said screw in either direction according to
the wheels engaged, a hinged frame for controlling the rotation of said screw, and
the recording and reproducing instruments with their carriers substantially as
described.