Improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1894-Accepted, 6th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
I, ARTHUR MALTBY of 8 Hanover Place, Upper Baker Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Naval and Military Tailor do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The main object of my invention is to obtain a greater speed in cycles. For
this purpose I provide two narrow rings or hoops which form the tread and are
united at frequent intervals by cross pieces thus forming intermediate openings
or air spaces. The rings may be of steel, whalebone, hickory wood, cane, ebonite,
celluloid, or other hard flexible material suitable for the purpose.
The cross
connections may be of the same or other strong material suitable for connecting
to the rings so as to form a neat, light and strong hoop. Or where the material
used is steel or other material which can be rolled or moulded, I may combine
the rings and the cross connections in one piece. Or the rings may be fixed to
the canvas covering which is placed over the air chamber and is fastened to the
rim of the wheel. Or instead of two rings I may use one central ring which
is mounted on the middle of the cross pieces or made in one therewith or formed
as a tread on the middle of a hoop provided by preference with openings at
regular intervals. Over the rings or hoop constructed or arranged as described
Iby preference put a covering of rubber or the like. Instead of the covering
of rubber or the like I sometimes provide an outer covering of rubber rendered
puncture proof by means of woven wire or I place such woven wire over the
unprotected parts. The air chamber when inflated in its place will be flattened
on its outer circumference at the tread.
The tyre constructed in the manner described is applicable to cycle wheels
generally and is of special value in some cases for those made with elastic
spokes.
When in action on the track or road the air chamber being slightly extended
into the spaces or openings between the aforesaid cross connections from ring to
ring will be slightly compressed at the point of tread, and the tyre will thus
have the quality of increased resiliency.
Dated this 10th day of October 1893.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Pneumatic Tyres.
I, ARTHUR MALTBY of 8 Hanover Place, Upper Baker Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Naval and Military Tailor do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My improvements refer to pneumatic tyres with a flat tread for cycle wheels
and the like and have for their main object to give greater speed but also in
some cases to protect the tyre against puncturing and generally to improve and
simplify the construction of flat tread pneumatic tyres.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a plan view illustrating a form of
hoop which surrounds the inflatable air tuhe, and Figure 2 is a cross section.
AA are two narrow rings or hoops which form the tread and are united at frequent
intervals by cross pieces or sleepers B thus forming intermediate openings or air
spaces C. The rings A may be of steel, whalebone, hickory wood, cane, ebonite,
celluloid or other hard flexible material suitable for the purpose. The cross
connections B may be of the same or other strong material suitable for connecting
by rivetting or otherwise to the rings A so as to form a neat, light and strong
hoop.
Figure 3 is a plan view and Figures 4, 5 and 6 various sections of a hoop
made of steel or other material which can be rolled or moulded, so that the
rings A and cross connections B form one piece.
Figure 7 is a section shewing the hoop fixed by solution to the outside of a
canvas covering F which is placed over the air chamber and fastened to the
wheel rim.
Figure 8 is a section shewing the hoop fixed to or held in the inside of the
canvas covering F.
Figure 9 is a plan view and Figure 10 a section of a hoop with one central
ring A which is mounted on the middle of the cross pieces B, or made in one
therewith.
Figures 11 and 12 are similar views of a hoop made with a central ring A
on the middle of a strip B provided with openings C at regular intervals.
Figures 13 and 14 are similar views of such a hoop without the openings C.
Figures 15 and 16 are similar views of a hoop made of very closely diagonally
woven wire A and provided with cross wires B for stiffening transversely. This
hoop may be applied directly to the outside of the air chamber, solutioned
thereto, or be embedded therein near the outside, or solutioned to the inside of
an outer rubber cover, or embedded therein. The woven wire secures against
puncturing.
Any of these hoops may be cemented to the outside of the cover of a pneumatic
tyre and thus work in direct contact with the ground but the hoop should be
made somewhat smaller than the tyre so as to keep it in a compressed state.
The
Figure 17 is a sectional view of a pneumatic cycle tyre in which the hoop
shewn in Figures 1 and 2 for instance placed round the rubber or canvas rubber
air chamber D, is of such a diameter relatively thereto, that (as described in
the Complete Specification of my Patent dated 8 Sept. 1893 No. 16885) the air
chamber D will be flattened on its outer circumference at the tread.
hoop A B is here shewn lapped round with canvas E and secured to the rim H
of the wheel by canvas F which is fixed tightly to the rim by solution so as to
preserve the concentricity of rim H and hoop A. B. An outer canvas rubber (or
rubber) cover G is attached to the wheel rim by canvas pieces I (or in any well
known manner). When the wheel is in action on the track or road the air
chamber D being slightly extended or expanded into the spaces or openings C
between the cross co uections B will be slightly compressed at the point of tread
and the tyre will thus have the quality of increased resiliency.
Figure 18 shews a hoop A of steel or other suitable elastic material applied
to the air chamber. In this case the hoop is embedded or recessed in and
solutioned to the rubber or canvas rubber air chamber and the latter is made of
such an inner diameter as to contract and fit tightly upou the wheel rim when
it is inflated. G is a strip of rubber solutioned to the outside of the tyre. The
canvas or thin canvas rubber F may sometimes be omitted. Instead of the plain
hoop shewn I may use any one of the herein before described constructions of
hoop. I do not claim the plain hoop by itself but only in combination with the
other parts of the tyre.
Figure 19 is a cross section of a tyre with the hoop shewn in Figures 15
and 16 lapped round with canvas. The rubber cover G is held to the wheel rim
by canvas pieces F or by any other suitable means and may as shewn be further

page_text: provided with closely woven wire lining K to prevent puncturing of the air tube.
The transverse stiffening wires B may be of crimped form as shewn in Fig. 19 or
straight as shewn in Fig. 16.
In all the examples here given the hoop A or A B serves to fasten the tyre
to the rim, owing to the fact that the hoop is of a sensibly smaller diameter
than the outer diameter of the air tube when left free to expand outwardly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The constructions of hoop for flat treaded pneumatic tyres substantially as
described and shewn.
2. The combinations of parts comprising the various flat treaded pneumatic tyres
substantially as described and shewn.
Dated this 1st day of March 1894.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.