AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING POWER FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND STATIONARY PURPOSES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Mudge Marchant, of Torrington Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING POWER FOR LOCOMOTIVE
AND STATIONARY PURPOSES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
Sealed the 9th July 1869, and dated- the 28th January 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Mudge Marchant
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th January 1869.
L. ROBERT MUDGE MARCHANT, of Torrington Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Givil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED-MODE-OF- OBTAINING, AND APPLYING POWER FOR
GOCOMOTIVE AND STATIONARY PURPOSES-AND-APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention primarily consists in obtaining and applying power for
producing locomotion on land and water by means of compressed air
contained in a convenient reservoir, and supplying the engine of the

page_text: The manner in which my Invention may be carried into effect is as
follows: For railways I construct stationary engines at regular intervals
of, say, 25, 50, or 100 miles. These engines pump air under great pressure
into reservoirs of sufficient strength and capacity. From these reservoirs
I charge the locomotive engine with, say, a 100 mile charge for the
necessary service, and the charge of the locomotive engine is renewed
from the reservoir at the next stationary engine in a similar manner to
that in which tenders are supplied with water. For ships and other
vessels the engine in the vessel when for short distances may be supplied
from reservoirs connected with stationary engines on shore. For long
voyages I construct a strong reservoir in the vessel and charge it with
air under strong pressure pumped in by the engine. I thus provide means
for working the engine by compressed air for, say, one or two hours when
the engine fire is out and the ordinary power unavailable: For stationary
purposes I attach a strong reservoir to the stationary engine and charge
the same with air pumped in by the engine, so that I provide means for
working the engine by compressed air in the absence of its ordinary
power for any specified period.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditious of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Mudge Marchant in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th July 1869.
ROBERT
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MUDGE MARCHANT, of Torrington Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Mudge Marchant,
Her special licence that I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Mudge Marchant, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend, within the United King-

page_text: dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF OBTAINING AND APPLYING
POWER FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND STATIONARY PURPOSES, AND APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert
Mudge Marchant, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the compression by force pumps in stages
of those gases to be used as a motive power, with or without subsequent
heating, so that a pressure is obtained allowing of their most expansive
application, the supply being cut off from the cylinder (where this
method of applying the power so provided is used) at any desirably
small fraction of the length of the stroke of the piston therein. The
desirability of any application so providing for the greatest expansive
use has been generally recognised as a principal means of economising
the use of the power manufactured, but the practical limit to the size
of the cylinder for expansive working under existing pressures when
compared with the work to be done has, in the absence of such
compression as that proposed, precluded expansive application otherwise
than greatly below those limits, the practicability of attaining which is
herein provided.
This Invention then consists in so compressing and storing the motive
power in stages that pressures can be economically obtained enabling
the most expansive application of the power. The Invention further
.contemplates that subsequent heating can be applied to the compressed
gases. in, their diminished bulk, and therefore in the most economical
form, so as to obtain increase of pressure under the same volume, or of
volume under any determined pressure, for the most expansive action,
so increasing the useful application of the power as previously stored to
high pressures under the compression of pumping only by the added

page_text: pressure or volume that is derivable from the subsequent heating of air
or steam already so compressed into the smallest practicable volume, by
which previous compression the subsequent application of heat is
rendered specially facile, and a highly densified gas is still maintained
for use. I so dispense with the use of any steam or other boiler of
supply, substituting for it a heating chamber or chambers, in which the
gases used are heated as described either by gases of combustión or
steam, or by melted lead, or by the direct action of the fire on the
chambers or pipes, and for the purposes of this Specification any chamber
or series of compression chambers and provision for its or their supply
is denominated a battery, and any action of air and steam so stored,
whether separately or in combination, is denominated the storage or
action of gases, or either spoken of as gas without distinction of
character.
For land and water locomotives or vessels I propose to charge com-
pression chambers with air as also with any steam evolved by its
compression, forcing these gases in stages and by repeated pumping to
high degrees of compression by means of suitable arrangements in the
locomotive or vessel, or by charging the chambers in the first place up
to their full limit from a battery on shore, and then by subsequently
heating the compressed gases both to increase the power applicable to
locomotion as also to supply the power to keep up the original pressure
charges by the necessary continuous pumping into the compression
chambers forming the battery. By such means I propose to reduce
the fuel required for long voyages or journeys to a small fractional
portion of that now consumed. In the case of river or sea-going vessels
it is evident that such power would always be available for any
immediate requirement in port.
For stationary purposes I charge similar compression chambers to
those represented in the Drawings, and of such size and character as may
be necessary for the required work. When the compression chambers
are charged to their limit I heat the gases in their transit from any
chamber or chambers from which I supply the working power to the
machinery, so that the increased volume of the gases by such heating
shall be sufficient to supply both the pumping power for keeping up
the charges as also to supply the power required for working purposes,
'the expansive nature of the power being applied at very high pressures
to the fullest practicable extent in all cases. Working at such expansive

page_text: pressures of a densified gas I contemplate the possibility of applying
the power so stored and heated directly for locomotion by water in the
discharge of such compressed and highly elastic gas into the water in
some such manner as already tried with partial success at low pressures;
also the possibility of applying its reactionary power for locomotion by
land or for stationary purposes.
The entire application of this Invention for pumping air, steam, or
other gaseous motive power by stages to very high compression so as to
apply it to the most expansive action, either with or without subsequent
heating, and of heating it subsequent to such compression so as to
increase its useful application, may be described as follows:-

page_text: above. The heat evolved in the condensation of the air so pumped is
necessarily taken up by the water in B, in which the pumps so
compressing the air work. This water is also used to keep up the supply
to the level 1, 2, in the compression chambers, and the temperature of
the water so raised by the air passing through it may evolve steam,
which in combination with the compressed air would be forced again to
higher compression through the suction c and h repassing the pumps
into any chamber isolated to receive a higher compressive charge.
AAA
^^^^ represent chambers containing the air, steam, or other gas under
various degrees of compression. These chambers may decrease in size
in any ratio, say one, of their numerical distance from the pumps.
Portions only of the larger chambers near the pumps are shewn to allow
of any arrangement. Each chamber A is capable of isolation by the
conical valves provided to force b and suction c, as also of being placed
in direct communication with the pumps P by the force 6 leading to all
the chambers. This pipe b is provided with conical valves, by which the
force may be turned on to or off from any chamber. Each chamber
similarly connects with the suction c intended to convey the already
compressed gases through suction h and the force pumps P for higher
compression within those determined limits of pressure to be represented
by the extreme difference between the density of the gases passing
through the suction c and hand the density of these gases when further
compressed in the force band i for delivery into any isolated chamber.
All connection between the suction h and the atmosphere in the tank is
cut off by the valve g when such process is in action.
The object
of such an arrangement is as stated to confine the work of the pumps
within certain fixed limits, so that instead of pumping from the external
atmosphere to very high pressures, the work on the pumps shall never
exceed the certain number of atmospheres represented by the difference
between the density of the atmosphere in the suction c and force b to be
kept within any determined limits. The chambers are represented as
those where the compressed gases are subsequently heated by gases of
combustion supplied from a combustion chamber, and from which, when
all the chambers are once charged, the pumping engine may be expan-
sively worked by the application of the increased power obtained by
subsequently heating the gases as already compressed to receive heat in
the most economical manner, so that from the time the chambers are
charged all working power is supplied from the heated chambers. The
supply from storage of this character to the compression chambers of

page_text: locomotives, vessels, or other chambers is intended to be taken from the
chambers, represented here as beyond those subsequently heated for
pumping purposes only, and as being exclusively provided for supply
from storage.
Subsequent heating is intended only to be applied to
those chambers which are in the locomotive or vessel itself, and after
such supply has been furnished them and when they are in work.
Where the work of the stationary engine is that of pumping the supply
of power for storage, the subsequent heating will be applied to com-
pression chambers which are entirely distinct from those in which the
charge for transmission by pipe Fig. 12 to any locomotives or vessels is
stored; and where the work is done by the same engine that pumps the
supply to keep up the charge, then the chambers which are so subse-
quently heated terminate the battery, and will both supply the power to
pump and maintain the charge, and will also supply the power for the
intended work, there being in such case no special storage required for
external supply.
Fig. 12, Drawing 2, shews a connecting pipe that may be used in
supplying the charge from any battery to land locomotives or river or
sea going vessels so as to connect from any position. In order to shew
one process of charging the battery by stages, let it be assumed that the
extreme difference between the pressure at which the air and steam
passes the suction h to the pumps and that to which such supply has
to be forced in i is limited to 12 atmospheres, or approximately 180 lbs.
per square inch, and that all the machinery is constructed complete and
ready for operation; the chambers are then filled with water through
the tap m, or by a small force pump to the level shewn ; ; the tank B
is filled with water to the level shewn L, l; the force valves b, b, are
all open; the suction valves c, c, are all closed; the power used for
the first charging up then works the crank shaft R by any cylinders C,
or otherwise and pumping is continued by the supply to the suction
through the valve and chamber h until every compression chamber A
contains gases under the compression of 12 atmospheres. The valve g
is then shut and the force valves b are then all shut except those
connecting with A, and the suction valves c are all opened except those
connecting with The compressed gases in all the chambers A
are now in connection with the suction c and chamber h, and the
compressed air in is in connection with the force b and chamber i, so
that the pumps now receive air at a pressure of 12 atmospheres and
continue pumping till there is a difference of 12 atmospheres between
.

page_text: the gases in the suction h and force i, by which time the compression
chambers will, in proportion to the contents of the chambers in
communication with the suction c and of the chambers in connection
with the force b, contain a charge of, say, 22 or 23 atmospheres.
Chambers are then entirely isolated by closing the force valves b
and the force valves 6 are opened on to chambers, and the suction
valves c on to chambers are closed. The pumping is so continued
until a difference again exists of 12 atmospheres between suction and
force, when the chambers are isolated by closing the force valves b;
the open suction valves c are then all shut, and the valve g over the
water in the tank is opened, and the chambers A are again raised to
12 atmospheres. A new arrangement of the valves is then perfected,
and the compression chambers are raised to a pressure of some 30
atmospheres by similarly passing a portion of the charge in chambers
through the pumps into chambers. The charge in chambers & is again
elevated from chambers A and so on till the various chambers approxi-
mately contain in succession 12, 24, 36, 48, 48, 48, atmospheres. When
fully charged the chambers are heated in succession and all work is
done by the increase of the power so obtained. For this way of heating
the compressed charge I increase the heating surface by staying these
chambers by pipes v, as shewn in Figs. 13 and 14, Drawing 3.
Fig. 7 shews an arrangement for effecting all subsequent heating of
the gases in their passage from the compression chambers to the cylinder
or other provision of the working engine C by means of a pipe E, to be
passed through a hot air or steam chamber, so that the increase by such
heating is obtained in volume, such pipe to be provided before entering
the hot air or steam chamber with a self-acting valve k, which keeps up
the pressure in the pipe from the compression chamber A. I prefer by
this means to avoid the necessity of heating any compression chamber in
the manner already described, and to perfect and charge the battery
in the manner now stated without such provision. I prefer also to
connect in one compression chamber those chambers shewn as ₁, making
the one chamber so provided of such size as to contain any sufficient
supply of the full charge of, say, 40 atmospheres of pressure, and to carry
from this compression chamber a pipe or pipes E through a hot air or
steam or melted lead chamber in connection with and heated from a com-
bustion chamber. The valve k is to admit the gases into the pipe E from
the compression chamber A whenever the heated air in the pipe E, by its
supply to the working engine C, becomes of less pressure than the 40 or

page_text: other number of atmospheres of pressure contained in the supply com-
pression chamber A. The working pressure will by this method be that
of the gases in A, and the increase by heating will be delivered in
increased volume at that pressure, and not necessarily in the same
volume at increased pressure. Or I much prefer, as in the small engine
d'escribed in Drawing 4, to put this pipe E leading from the compression
chambers A to the cylinder, is also the cylinder or cylinders, in the
heating chamber, so that the whole heating shall be done with the steam
manufactured (or with the melted lead used for the communication of
greater heat with the same expenditure of fuel) therein, whilst a separate
provision may be so made for forcing the original charge of power into
the compression chambers for working valves &c., &c. I also much
prefer for evident considerations the annular. form of compression
chamber, as shewn Fig. 17, Drawing No. 3.
I also prefer to avoid the necessity of working valves as described to
force 6 and suction c by the adoption of a series of force pumps duly
proportioned, as are the three shewn in Fig. 15A, Drawing No. 3, and
in Drawing No. 4, to the work of charging each successive compression
chamber A, A, so that if the first compression chamber be filled from
atmospheric pressure through a pump compressing to (say) 10
atmospheres the succeeding compression chamber will be filled from
the already compressed gas in the first, as passed through another pump
to a compression of 20 atmospheres, and the third compression chamber
in such succession filled from it, again through a third pump com-
-pressing such continued charge from 20 to 30 or more atmospheres,
and so on. By this arrangement when the whole battery is fully
charged the charge in each chamber will be maintained at any
determined limited pressure on each pump, and the necessity of the
valves represented to force 6 and suction c will be obviated, and the
size of the chambers can be reduced to any amount of storage that may
be considered desirable for other considerations than those of charging
up. I contemplate also the probable increase of the effective force_of_
the engine by the application of some refrigerating process to the
chambers or passages or pipes containing the charges of stored gas, by
which process the work on the pumps can be lessened, and the sub-
sequent increase of volume can be obtained in the heated pipes at a
lower temperature of the heating chambers, or a greater increase of
volume can be obtained in them at the same temperature; and I further

page_text: contemplate heating the pipes by the use of melted lead in the heating
chamber, and so to obtain the greater specific heat and further increase
of volume derivable by the same amount of fuel.
orce from pump.
suction to pump.
pipes leading from the force b, and delive
ing through water into the compressi
chambers.
man-holes for entering compression chambers
brackets attached to brickwork Z for carryi
compression chambers A, &c.
a valve admitting atmosphere to suction c.
suction chamber in connection wi
the
.
the force chamber ditto ditto.
pumps P.
the self-acting valve between supply A a
pipe E in a hot air or steam chamber.
the level of water in chambers and tank.
a tap turning water into suction h.
a valve admitting external air to tank B.
the compression chambers.
the tank.
the cylinders.
a pipe in a hot air or steam or melted lea
chamber.
the vault under compression chambers.
the force pumps.
the crank shaft working force pumps.
the eccentric to crank shaft.
the crank worked from cylinders.
the archway to vault F.
the brickwork seating, &c.
DRAWING No. 2.
rged views of a force pump as applicable
arging the compression chambers.
hamber filled with water from a close cylind
der an hydraulic pressure equal to that of t

page_text: inclines as also the impetus to be destroyed in stoppages into a manu-
facturer of power, and so to perfect the application as a means of
retarding the train whenever the supply of power is shut off while the
pumps are in work, so that little application of other "breaks" will be
necessary. The letters represent the tank, pumps, tank, and eccentric,
as for Figs. 5 and 6, Drawing 1.
Fig. 15A shews a means of arranging duly proportioned force pumps
for storing in three stages, as proposed in Fig. 15. Letter P shews two
pumps storing one stage; P, P, a pump storing the second stage; P, P, P,
the pump storing the third stage.
Fig. 16 represents a carriage of the American construction capable of
containing from 120 to 150 passengers, or any appropriate load of
merchandise or minerals carried on the American bogie truck at the
posterior end, and similarly on the projected frame of the locomotive at
the anterior end, so as to convey one-half of the weight carried and half
the weight of the engine itself on to the driving wheels of the engine,
by which arrangement the ascent of any incline, even to such an incline
as that of 1 in 20, is practicable without slip, whatever the reduced
weight of the engine may be. The engine here sketched is supposed
to be one for short journeys, and not necessarily provided with any
additional power for working any pumping machinery to keep up the
charge originally supplied from storage, the renewed charges being in
this case supposed to be taken in from storage provided at the
stations.

page_text: DRAWING NO. .
Represents views of a small direct-acting engine, Figs. 19 and 20,
embodying a much preferred application of the motive power, as other-
wise specified and described in Drawings 1, 2, and 3; the provisions ninde
and the descriptions already given sufficiently elucidating such applica-
tion -no description is necessary. The letters represent provisions for
the same work as the corresponding letters on the other Drawings.
Letters-P. shews the pump storing to 10 atmospheres letters P, P, the
pump storing from 10 to 20 atmospheres; P, P, P, the pump forcing
the charge from 20 to 30 or any higher number of atmospheres
determined on; and letters V, S, represent the valve seats to the pumps.
Fig. 21 shews the character of the expansion valve employed, a revolving
valve being used, as shewn in Fig. 20, letters m, n; it provides a definite
charge to each stroke of the piston; and is capable of such construction
as shall administer any determined proportionate charge to one cylinder,
the entire expansion being in this way rendered applicable to the
maintenance of the initial momentum communicated to the piston by
the charge. Letters a, ?, represent the aperture to be placed in commu-
nication with the coil of pipe from the heating chamber, through which
apertures ȧ, Pi the compressed and heated gases are passed to a sufficient
chamber in the valve, and from it through another aperture a, q, to the
cylinder. The aperture a, q, to the valve in question occupies a space of
one-fortieth of the semi-circumference, and as this valve completes a
revolution to one revolution of the crank from which it is worked, and as
the aperture in the cylinder is of the same width, it therefore supplies the
compressed and heated gases to the cylinder through such apertures a,.q,
for the space of one-fortieth of the stroke only, the port of the cylinder
being entirely closed during the travel of the valve from 1 to 1, 8,
during which time the valve at the other end of the cylinder leaves that
part of the cylinder in communication with the exhaust and external
atmosphere-through pipes leading from passages marked c. p, in the
valve. 1, 1-are-springs-used for pressing the circumference of the piece
containing the aperture a, q. against the interior circumference of the
chamber in which the valve revolves for the purpose of preventing
leakage between these surfaces. The subsequent heating of the stored
gases. would be obtained either from the combustion of coal, petrolum,
or other combustible. material or gas, or probably under the very
diminished requirements of fuel by some of the already patented
.

page_text: methods in cases where convenience of application and diminution of
bulk were matter of moment.
It is evident that if by heating the compressed gases the effective
working volume at any determined pressure of the charge provided be
doubled that there will be one measure of power equal to the original
charge before such heating applicable to locomotion or other work, and
another measure of power equal to such original charge applicable to
recharging the compression chambers, and that with ample provision for
any less or greater increase in volume or pressure than that suggested as
obtainable from such heating the supply of power can be retained
by pumping in its original force at all times, and that the saving in fuel
will be the difference between the quantity of fuel required to double or
increase in any other proportion the volume of the already compressed
gases, as so provided at pressures enabling the most expansive, and there-
fore the most economical working, and that which would be necessary to
produce the steam capable of exerting the required force by steam as now
applied. It is therefore evident that besides the saving of power effected
by the most expansive, and therefore economical use of the power stored,
the saving of the fuel required for the manufacture of the power will be
the whole of that now consumed in producing that portion of the heat
which is called latent, as being heat absorbed without other expression of
the expenditure of fuel producing it than by its conversion of water from
the boiling temperature into steam, and which expenditure so saved is
represented by some five-sixths of the whole of the fuel at present con-
sumed in the manufacture of steam power. I do not confine myself
to this particular or any particular application of machinery for the
purpose of storing and using compressed gas supplied from such storage,
or to any particular means of heating such gases at any stage previous to
their final use and escape.
I do not claim the cylinders, pistons, valves, or other known separate
parts of the machinery described, but I claim the application and
use of gases so compressed by pumping in stages from any reser-
voir or chamber or pipes to which they are so pumped or stored or
passed for subsequent use (without subsequent heating in such state)
as a motive power for producing locomotion by land or water, also of
their similar use for stationary purposes as a whole; and in particular I
claim the application and use of compressed gases in the manner
proposed, and their economic heating in such already condensed

page_text: volume, and the great increase of power at a small expenditure of
fuel so obtainable by heating gases previously stored or passed for
heating under high compression, whether so heated in the compression
chambers or other manner "preferred," or on their passage to the
engine, or by any other desired method to effect the work required.
. I claim the application of force pumps so storing or passing gases in
stages of compression for subsequent. use in any engines, locomotives, or
vessels on land or water, in or from which storage or passage such gases
can be subsequently heated under the advantages described and rendered
economically applicable as stated.
I claim also the simple application by which in. Figure 16, Drawing
No. 3, I provide in the American carriage and projected frame of any
land locomotive whatever against the slip (or rotation of the driving.
wheels without their lateral progress) under any consequent reduction in-
the weight of any locomotive engine, and as applicable to any locomotive
engine whatever during its ascent of even such an incline as that
of 1 in 20.
I claim also the water chamber shewn in Figure 8, letter o, Drawing
No. 2, and otherwise described, as supplied with water under hydraulic
pressure, such pressure being conveyed to any reservoir in which the
water supply to the chamber is contained by the pressure of condensed
gas or otherwise, such application being a prevention to all leakage of
gases under pressures inferior to that on the water in the chamber o, and
being also a lubricator to any plunger working with such a substitute for
the ordinary stuffing box, also as being the initial step to the placing of
locomotive and other bearings on air springs with the development of
this application of motive power as a whole.
I claim also the connecting pipe and the joints as provided and
shewn, Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, Drawing No. 2, for giving a complete
and sufficient connection for the conveyance of any gas under great com-
pression from any reservoirs or chambers containing them to any other
to be supplied, with such compressed gases, such chambers being in any
position, the joints of the pipe being applicable to any adjustment, and
the pipe being capable of extension to any required length and containing
a sliding joint to assist in this application.
-
I claim also the valve shewn in Figure 18, Drawing No. 3 and otherwise
described as being specially suitable for retaining compressed gas and for
some of the purposes required in its applicability to pumps compressing

page_text: such gases, or to any other pumps or valves, and as being both in
cheapness and power of renewal of the bearing surface (india-rubber
ring, &c.) renewable without that fitting and grinding required by
conical or other valves, and therefore superior to these for every suitable
application.
I claim also the rotatory expansion valve shewn in Drawing No. 4,
Figure 21, letters M, N, and otherwise described, as specially applicable
for the supply of highly compressed gases to a working cylinder at any
determined small fractional proportion thereof, and as applying the whole
of the expansive power to the direct maintenance of the initial momentum
communicated by the charge.
I claim also the application of melted lead as a medium for super-
heating or heating pipes or passages conveying gases for use, whether for
the purpose of increasing their elastic force or for their communication of
the heat so supplied the gases contained in the pipes to surrounding
objects, as being an application whereby a great saving in fuel can be
effected in consequence of the great expression of heat obtainable with a
small expenditure of fuel.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Mudge Marchant, have
hereunto set my hand and seal this Twenty-fourth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-nine.