matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REGULATING THE ADMISSION OF STEAM TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th June 1880. A com-
munication from G. von Brochowski, of Brussels, Lieutenant of the Belgian
Carabineers.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue de
la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 5, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR REGULATING THE ADMISSION
OF STEAM TO THE CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES." A communication from
G. von Brochowski, of Brussels, Lieutenant of the Belgian Carabineers.
The Invention relates to the modification of the old expansive steam-engines
provided with one or two slide-valves, and to the application to them of the
American system of expansion; and consists in replacing the slide-valve now in
use by a new & improved slide-valve, & in controlling the eccentric rod (enclosed
or not in a tube) by a spring & an oscillating click.
This new & improved slide-valve is provided with a double shell & is surmounted
by a slide. The two steam-ports of the interior pipe of this slide-valve uncover at
the same time & by a few lines only the two steam-inlets of the cylinder; hence a
certain saving of steam, a rapid opening, & a certain compression, & a flow of steam
through the interior pipe from one steam-inlet of the cylinder to the other before
the commencement of expansion.
The slide-valve & the slide are both lengthened as usual by a rod, the rod of the
slide-valve corresponding to the eccentric & receiving the motion, whilst the slide-
rod enclosed in the tube is controlled by the spring, spiral or otherwise, which
maintains the slide covering the slide-valve & prevents the admission of steam;
but when the machine is at work the tube to which the alide-rod is fixed is stopped
by meeting a shoulder fixed upon it with an abutment, & thereby the slide is also
stopped, whilst the rod of the slide-valve continuing its stroke the slide & the
slide-valve are displaced, the one with regard to the other, & steam is admitted.
Communication is then afresh interrupted by the spring, by means of which the
slide & the slide-valve are brought back to their previous positions after the
shoulder of the tube has passed over the abutment in consequence of an elliptical
movement.

page_text: The abutment is a click consisting of two stirrups, which work in the slide-
blocks of a support bolted to the frame for the old machines, or cast in one pieco
with the regulator for the new machines, & which oscillato like the scales of a
balance, this motion being transmitted to them by the to and fro motion of the
rod of the regulator, whence it follows that the expansion is variable by the
regulator.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS FOR PRIME MOVERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Casartelli and William
Potter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March
1880.
JOSEPII CASARTELLI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mathematical
Instrument Maker, and WILLIAM POTTER, of Lower Broughton, in the same County,
Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS FOR PRIME MOVERS."
Our Invention relates principally and in the first place to steam engine indicators
of the "Richards" type, wherein the movement of the tracer is multiplied or
increased in relation to the movement of the piston. The principal object of the
first part of our Invention is to render more accurate the parallelisin of movement
of the tracer. To this end we mount the tracer upon the outer end of a lever,
which is jointed to the outer end of the multiplying lever, and connect the piston
rod with the last named lever by means of a lever which is connected with the
tracer lever by means of a link or of links, either directly or through an inter-
mediate lever, or through intermediate levers, or we effect the connection of the
piston rod with the multiplying and tracing levers by means of radius arms and
links. The parts are so proportioned as that the movement of the tracer around
the centre of connection with the multiplying lever as compared with the movement
of the centre of connection with the piston rod head around the centre of connection
with the said multiplying lever is multiplied in the same proportion as the vertical
or acting movement of the tracer. We prefer to make the multiplying lever of
the same proportions as the corresponding part in the "Richards" indicator, partly
in order that such indicator may be more readily altered to correspond with our
Invention. According to a second part of our Invention we arrange for the part
upon which the fulcrum arm swivels to screw to the cylinder. When it is necessary
to withdraw the piston this part is unscrewed, and the part carrying the piston
and rod, as well as the said arm and the connected levers, is disconnected from the
cylinder without interfering with the connection of the other parts. A remaining
part of our lavention consists of improvements on an Invention for which Letters
Patent, dated October 25th, in the year 1875, and numbered 3702, were granted to
Edward Thomas Darke. In the said Invention ratchet teeth were cut in the bottom
flanch of the paper barrel, and a pawl was caused to engage with the said teeth

page_text: when it was desirable to arrest the rotation of the said barrel. In order that, the
nction of the pawl may be more conveniently controlled we form the ratchet teeth
in a part which is attached to the upper part of the barrel, and we throw the pawl
into gear by means of a spindle which is mounted in a fixed part, and is provided
with a milled head, or is otherwise formed to be readily acted upon. In one arrange- 5
ment a cam upon the inner end of the said spindle acts upon the tail of a spring,
which when so acted upon presses the pawl into position to engage with the ratchet
teeth.
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Meadows at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS
RICHARD MEADOWS, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster.
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"
"
The first part of this Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling the loom
to produce gauze" or open spaces across the fabrics known as tape dhooties,"
handkerchiefs, and so forth, by self acting mechanism instead of by hand as
hitherto.
This I effect by the "picker plate" on the tappet shaft.
Instead of the picker plate being keyed fast to the tappet shaft as heretofore, I
mount it loosely thereon.
This plate or cam is formed with a clutch, which is cast therewith or bolted, or
screwed thereto.
"
Mounted on the tappet shaft close to the picker plate I fix a clutch which slides
on a keyway formed on the tappet shaft. This clutch is acted upon by a forked
lever which is actuated by the dobby above, so that when weaving in the ordinary
manner this sliding clutch is kept in contact with the clutch on the picker plate
by means of a spring, but when it is required to have an open or 'gauze " part
(that is, a certain length of warp without weft picks) on the fabric, the sliding
clutch is caused to be drawn out of gear by a cord or wire which is actuated by
the dobby, and which thus prevents the picking plate from revolving on the shaft,
thereby allowing a given quantity of warp to pass through the reed without any
picks of weft, thus producing the desired effect or result.
It will be evident that the above arrangement may be applied for producing
open spaces or ends in other goods, such as towels.
The second part of the Invention relates to an improvement upon the subject
matter of Letters Patent, which were granted to me and Thomas Cotton, dated
April 30th, 1879, No. 1702, and is designed to simplify the mechanism therein
referred to for weaving the cross borders or headings in the cloth. This I effect by
causing the tappets to be mounted loosely on the tappet shaft, and which do not
revolve therewith, except when acted upon by a sliding clutch.
This clutch is mounted on the tappet shaft, and slides in a key way formed
therein.
The tappets are also provided with a clutch box, which is cast or bolted thereto.

page_text: '
The sliding clutch is acted upon by a forked lever pivoted to the loom frame,
and which is actuated by means of a cord or wire from a dobby above the loom.
Thus when weaving plain cloth the sliding clutch is kept in gear (by means of a
spring) with the clutch on the tappets, which allows the healds to be acted upon,
but when the cross border or heading is desired to be woven in the piece, the
sliding clutch is acted upon by the dobby and withdrawn out of contact with the
clutch attached to the tappets, thereby preventing the healds being acted upon,
which allows the shed to remain open for a given number of picks, and so on, until
the required border or heading is woven in the piece.
By this means a complicated arrangement of levers, catches, and bevel wheels is
dispensed with, which greatly economizes the cost of production.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF INDICATING AND RECORDING THE SYSTEM OF VENTILATION, AND THE STATE OF THE VENTILATING APPLIANCES IN COAL AND OTHER MINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Johnson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1880.
HENRY JOHNSON, the younger, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Mining Engineer and Mine Manager. "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF
INDICATING AND RECORDING THE SYSTEM OF VENTILATION, AND THE STATE OF
THE VENTILATING APPLIANCES IN COAL AND OTHER MINES."
The object of my Invention is to provide a method. of readily indicating and
recording the system and condition of the ventilation and ventilating appliances of
coal and other mines; and also to enable Government inspectors of mines and others
to ascertain that efficient systems of ventilation are employed and properly carried
out.
I make a plan of the mine and secure it to a strong well seasoned board having
a raised marginal ledge or frame; a lid or covering is hinged to the frame, which
lid can be shut down upon the frame and thereby protect the plan. On this plan
I indicate the positions of all stoppings, doors, regulators, sheets, or brattices, and
all other appliances employed in directing ventilating currents by fixing on the
plan and at the proper places small metal indicators provided with pins or other
means for readily fixing them in their places, each indicator bearing a letter or
symbol indicating its name and purpose.
"
For the purpose of indicating the different "splits' or divisions in the
ventilating current, I employ different coloured silk or other threads secured to
the plan by means of small holdfasts, eyepins, or other means, the said threads
indicating the position, direction, and length of each ventilating current, and
showing by the proper crossing of such threads, "overcasts," and "undercasts,"
changes made from time to time in the ventilating currents, and the appliances
used in the ventilation of the mine are indicated and recorded upon the plan by
corresponding changes in the length and direction of the threads indicating the
currents; and changes in the positions of the indicators respectively indicating
stoppings, doors, regulators, sheets, and the like.
My Invention is especially useful in connection with coal mines, as it presents at
one view a correct and comprehensive representation of the ventilation of the most
intricate mine. My Invention is also applicable to other ventilated mines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isidore Silver and Simon Ferdinand
Feldman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October
1880.
ISIDORE SILVER, of Boulogne, in the Republic of France, and SIMON FERDINAND
FELDMAN, of Stewart Street, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Hitherto in the manufacture of the better class of machine sewn boots and shoes
it has been the practice to employ expensive and complicated machinery to introduce
between the middle sole or "welt" and the sole a row of stitches to imitate the
stitches of a hand sewn boot, and this operation necessitates the boot being several
times removed from the "last," which causes great loss of time, and renders the
boot liable to be put out of shape and otherwise damaged; further, the said
stitching necessitated the use of a thin thread, which prevented the sole being sewn
so solidly to the boot as when sewn in the ordinary manner with thick thread
direct from the insole to the outer sole.
Now by our improvements we avoid the use of the expensive machinery hitherto
employed, effect a saving in the cost of manufacture, the boot is not liable to
injury, the same appearance and a better result are obtained without diminishing
the strength of the boot.
"
In carrying out our improvements the boot is lasted up in the usual manner, but
before putting in the middle sole or welt we stitch it all round the edge, and
the sole is then attached to the boot, which is afterwards finished in the usual
manner.
By this method of manufacture the herein before described stitching round the
edge of the middle sole or "welt" will present the same appearance, give a better
effect than when manufactured by the expensive and complicated machinery
hitherto employed, and we are enabled to apply our improvements to the commoner
class of boots and shoes as well as to the better class.
Our improvements are also applicable to screwed or rivetted boots and shoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND LIKE VESSELS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Noel Mackay and Alfred
Edward Weston at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July
1880.
FREDERICK NOEL MACKAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and ALFRED EDWARD WESTON, of Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Commission
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEASURING STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND LIKE
VESSELS.
"
.
The said Invention relates more especially to stoppers for bottles or vessels
containing medicines or other liquids or substances which require to be measured
as they are removed, and which may be liable to deteriorate in quality by exposure
to the atmosphere.
The object then is to provide such a stopper that will measure exact and definite
quantities of the contents of the said bottles or like vessels, and which may
be measured off and removed without bringing the said contents into direct
communication with the atmosphere.
In carrying the said Invention into practice,―
Under the first part an ordinary stopper is used of sufficient size to fit the neck
of the bottle or like vessel containing the substance to be measured. The stopper
has an internal hole partly blocked at the bottom, and into which is fixed a suitable
tube of sufficient capacity to contain one dose or required quantity of the substance,
and which is also partly blocked at the bottom, so that by partially rotating the
interior tube on its axis the two openings are brought together and a free com-
munication is obtained from the bottle into the tube or measure. By rotating the
tube in the opposite direction the quantity required is shut off, and by removing
a suitable stopper, or valve, or other device at the mouth or top of the measure
the substance is free to flow away or be discharged as may be required.
Under the second part the measuring stopper or other graduated equivalent has
a hollow stem which acts as a stopper, and is inserted into the neck of the bottle
or other vessel containing the liquid to be measured. Fixed in the measure and
through the said hollow stem, and passing down to the bottom of the bottle con-
taining the liquid to be measured, is a suitable tube or other device, whereby there
is provided a direct communication between the liquid and the measure. Attached
-

page_text: to the stem or stopper of the said measure is a flexible ball or other such device,
and having a suitable communication with the liquid. On compressing the said
flexible ball. or other device it will cause the liquid in the bottle to rise in the
connecting tube and overflow into the measure, and at the same time, if required,
any sediment at the bottom of the said bottle or like vessel containing the liquid 5
may be roused or effectually mixed by the in-rush of the atmosphere down the
said connecting tube taking the place of the liquid extracted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOCHES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Herbert George Pendleton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1880.
HERBERT GEORGE PENDLETON, of 82, Gower Street, Lozells, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BROOCHES AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF DRESS."
Whereas the joints and catches of brooches and other like articles of dress are
usually made by soldering or otherwise attaching them to the back plate, or by
forming the back plate with two protruding pieces at the edge, which are after-
wards bent up at right angles to the plate and used as provisions for such
attachments.
Now my Invention consists of a novel and improved method of forming the
joints or hinges and catches of brooches or other like articles of dress out of the
back plate of the said brooches or other like articles of dress, and also providing a
spring which acts on the tongue of the brooch or other like article of dress near.
the joint or hinge end of the tongue or pin; the object of this spring is to force
the tongue up into the catch and so prevent the brooch or other like article of
dress from becoming unfastened.
I form the back plate by means of press tools. I partially punch out pieces of
the plate of the required size and shape to form the joint and catch, and by the
same operation these pieces are properly bent and shaped by the action of such tools
into the required form for the joint and catch. The spring is formed by partially
punching out of the plate a narrow strip thereof at right angles to the joint or
hinge, and this strip is so bent that the end presses against the joint end of the
tongue for the purpose of keeping the outer end of the tongue in the catch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRINTING OF CHINTZES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Rycroft at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1880.
ALBERT RYCROFT, of Ashfield, Prestwich Park, Prestwich, near Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRINTING OF CHINTZES."
The object of this Invention is the introduction of gold, silver, bronze, or other
metallic ornamentation into chintzes, say, for instance, cretonnes, red, white, or
black ground chintzes, or other similar style of pattern or patterns upon cotton,
flax, woollen, silk, or other fabric, whereby I am enabled to produce a richer and
more ornamental effect upon such fabrics than has hitherto been attainable. In
performing my Invention I employ the gold, silver, bronze, or other metal in the
form of liquid, powder, or leaf, and I fit the same into the pattern with tho other
colors required by means of machine, hand, block, or other process of printing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STANDS OR FRAMES FOR HOLDING AND SECURING BOTTLES, DECANTERS, AND SUCH LIKE VESSELS FOR CONTAINING WINES, SPIRITS, OR OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Thomas Marrian and Thomas
William Bocock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th
September 1880.
16
FRANCIS THOMAS MARRIAN and THOMAS WILLIAM BOCOCK, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Electro Platers. IMPROVEMENTS IN STANDS OR FRAMES
FOR HOLDING AND SECURING BOTTLES, DECANTERS, AND SUCH LIKE VESSELS
FOR CONTAINING WINES, SPIRITS, OR OTHER LIQUIDS."
This Invention has for its object the securing of bottles, decanters, or such like
receptacles for wines, spirits, or other liquids from being interfered with or extracted
from their position when out of use, or in the absence of the proprietors.
And this Invention consists in dividing the frame or base into two or more
partitions according to the quantity of bottles or decanters to be held, which frame
is so constructed as to open at the side or end having a hinge joint or joints as
desired, such joint or joints being secured by bolts projected into the ends of the
frames by a projection or projections, or their equivalent, in connection with a
suitable lock or locks which secure the bolts when fixed in position.
Over the top of the bottles and in connection with the frame is a fixed handle
which prevents the bottles or decanters being extracted so long as the jointed frame
is locked or secured, but this can be readily effected when desired by unfastening
the locks by the key or keys provided for that purpose, which permits the hinged
frame to be turned on the joints or axes, allowing the bottles or decanters to be
taken out of the frame or base, used, replaced, and secured in position again, as
before described.
SUBSTANCES OR COMPOSITIONS TO BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH, OR AS SUBSTITUTES IN PART FOR INDIA-RUBBER, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE of the SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Quin at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
EDWARD QUIN, of Leyland, in the County of Lancaster.
SUBSTANCES OR COMPOSITIONS TO BE USED IN COMBINATION WITH, OR AS
SUBSTITUTES IN PART FOR INDIA-RUBBER, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE of the
SAME."
I take chloride of sulphur and mix it with bisulphide of carbon and naphtha or
other suitable volatile neutral solvent, and when perfectly mixed I pour it into a
chamber with a good bodied oil, such for instance as rape oil. I allow the whole
to stand till the volatile materials have in great measure evaporated, when it is
ready for use. I collect the volatile matters and condense them for further use.
Hitherto all substitutes for india-rubber of a caoutchouc nature have, as far as I
am aware, been dark coloured; I, however, find that they are far better light
coloured or white, and have experimented for a long period to make a whito
compound of this nature. My material, though yellowish brown in appearance,
works white, and therefore fulfils my desire, and can be used for rubber of all
colours by the aid of additional pigments.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING ELECTRICITY
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th February 1880.
CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of 27, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING
ELECTRICITY."
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for obtaining electricity.
According to my Invention I employ a series of coils or helices of conducting
material, and in combination thorewith an interior central bar or tube or series
of bars or tubes, the motion of which within the said helices and in the direction
of their length causes electric currents within them. The motion of the said
interior bar or tube may be either vibratory or continuous, and when the latter it
is effected by an endless chain of such bars or tubes, which in continuous motion
pass successively and rapidly through a series of the coils or helices; or the coils or
helices may have the motion imparted to them, and the bar or tube or series
thereof remain stationary.
The said interior bar or tube may be built up to form a multipolar magnetio
core having a series of poles separated one from the other by a non-magnetic
substance, or the magnets forming the core may be combined so as to form one
magnet with a series of neutral points, for which purpose the magnets are put in
contact and to ond by like poles. Independent currents may be taken froin each
coil or from a group of any required number of them. Also coils may be placed
in series side by side so as to increase the effect of the current.
According to another part of my Invention_applicable to known and other
electric machines producing alternating currents, I pass such currents through one
or more coils of conducting material conveniently placed in connection with the
machine, the reacting currents of which coils are made by a suitable commutator
placed on the axis of the machine to act in direction with the initial current.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robinson Kendal at the Office of the
Commissionors of Patents on the 13th November 1880.
ROBINSON KENDAL, of Queen Anne's Mansions, St. James' Park, in the City of
Westminster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH CABLES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in telegraph cables.
Telegraph cables as at present constructed are liable to injury by boring marine
animals which enter, notwithstanding the protection afforded by the galvanised iron
wires used in their construction. Theso wires also rapidly decay leaving the
vulnerable part of the cable exposed.
Now experience shows that a sheathing of zinc when immersed in the sea very
rapidly becomes coated with a dense deposit, and for this reason I apply zinc
sheathing to telegraph cables.
I wind a ribbon of sheet zinc helically around the cable to be protected, so as
entirely to enclose it as it were in an open jointed tube, but the joint must not be
too close or the cable will be rendered more rigid than is desirable. One ribbon of
sheet zinc having been thus wound on, I apply over it a second similar ribbon
wound in the reverse direction, so that in the result the cable is doublo sheathed,
and the twists being in opposito direction there is no tendency to unwind.
This zinc sheathing adds considerably to the strength of the cable as well as
adding to its durability.
After such a cable has been laid for a short time it will become encased in a
concrete like sheathing affording a perfect protection against borers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING BUILDINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Harcourt Thompson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1880.
THOMAS HARCOURT THOMPSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR VENTILATING
BUILDINGS."
My Invention relates to the ventilating of buildings, and has for its principal
object to effect efficient ventilation by means which shall not be unsightly additions
to the building. To this end I employ a ridge-tile "inade of cast iron or other
suitable material, and formed with passages which open upwards into perforations
or spaces in the vertical web of the tile, or the said spaces may be formed by
combining parts to form the complete tile. The perforations into which the said
passages open are or may be of ornamental shapes, the upper ridge of the tile
shielding the openings from the rain; and to render the said ridge more effectual for
the purpose, it may be formed with projecting caves. A tile so formed takes the
place of an ordinary tile, and may be made as ornamental as may be desired, or as
is usual. The passages in the tile communicate with the interior of the building
or with the roof space, and in cases wherein several storeys are to be ventilated,
each storey or room in a storey, is placed in communication with the roof space
by means of a pipe or conduit, or of a shaft or passage in the wall. In some cases
I may form lower side openings in the tile, which would be so formed as that the
wind blowing into or through such openings would have a drawing action upon
the ventilating passages. In connection with the arrangement for withdrawing
impure air, I may employ passages leading to grids in the opposite sides of the
building, and provide shunting valves which move over into one position or the
other according to the direction in which the wind is blowing, and deflect the
currents of air into the room or buildings to be ventilated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BANKERS' CHEQUES, BILLS, PROMISSORY NOTES, AND OTHER FORMS OF MONEY ORDERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Berman at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1880.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
BANKERS' CHEQUES, BILLS, PROMISSORY NOTES, AND OTHER FORMS OF MONEY
ORDERS."
EDWARD BERMAN, of Addle Street, in the City of London.
The object of this Invention is to prevent fraud on bankers and others, or to
limit the scope of fraud effected through an alteration in the amount for which the
cheque or other order for payment of money has been filled in.
To this end I prepare the form of cheque, bill, promissory note, dividend warrant,
or other money order according to the usual form, and across each of the two top
corners and across the left hand bottom corner of the cheque or other money order
I rule a series of parallel lines. In the spaces between these lines I print figures
representing tens, hundreds, and thousands, each corner of the cheque or order
representing a different denomination. I also print in one or more of these spaces
at each corner, and on either side of the figures the words "under" and "pounds,"
and below each series of lines or in any other convenient position I print the word
or so many
'or," so that the spaces will indicate "under so many "pounds”
pounds, according to their position on the cheque or money order.
,,
"
"
In arranging the numbers I place the lowest in the innermost spaces at each
corner.
When the cheque is drawn the amount is filled in in the usual way, and the
corner of the cheque is cut or torn off down to the amount which is the next above
the amount of the cheque, thus, if the cheque be for £45 the ten scorner will be
removed as far as £50, so that the amount will be read as "under 50 pounds," and
if the cheque be drawn for £50 exactly, the tens corner will be removed as far
as 50, and the amount of the cheque will be read as "under 50 pounds or 50
pounds." In like manner if the cheque be drawn for £2025, the thousands corner
down to £3000, will be removed, and the amount will be read as "under 3000
pounds," thus the corner of the cheque which is cut off will denote the highest
denomination for which the cheque is drawn, and should the cheque be further
mutilated the banker's attention would be drawn to it, and he would refuse payment
without.further instructions.
In this way the possibility of the alteration-of-a-small-amount_to_a_large_one
will be entirely obviated, as it will be practically impossible to restore the mutilated
corner without fear of instant detection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TROUSERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harris Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1880. A communication
from abroad by Henri Louis Riondet, of Paris, France, Merchant.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TROUSERS." [A communi-
cation from abroad by Henri Louis Riondet, of Paris, France, Merchant.]
Stout or corpulent men find it very difficult to wear trousers without braces, and
braces for such men are extremely inconvenient and fatiguing.
According to this Invention 1 provide a belt or girdle inside the trousers, which
belt is preferably made to slide, and is arranged to be fastened in front of the
person by means of a buckle. The slide or guide in which the strap forming the
belt passes is not carried along the whole of the front part, this arrangement being
provided in order that the belt or girdle may be drawn to the requisite degree of
tightness as desired; the guide is also omitted along a portion of the rear part of
the trousers, so as to allow the cloth to lie in folds at that point if it should be too
wide; in this manner the trousers are held by the girdle or belt as firmly as may
be desired, and cannot yield or drop down, whilst the cloth which, when no braces
are worn, is usually much stretched, is by this method not strained at all, as the
trousers merely hang by the interior belt. By means of this Invention the interior
front flap, ordinarily employed with the button of the waste-band in trousers
which are to be worn without braces to keep the trousers tight, may be dispensed
with.
In supplying trousers with my Invention a ribbon or band is sewn fast by its
edges along the upper interior portion; this band forms a slide or guide for the
belt, and to one end of the latter a buckle is attached, by means of which the ends
are to be secured when the trousers are on the wearer.
In using trousers so provided, the belt is buckled and drawn as tight as may be
desirable to the wearer, who then buttons up the flaps in the ordinary manner; the
trousers may be made as wide as desired, but as they are attached to the body
by the interior belt they will always fit accurately, and cause no inconvenience to
he wearer.
This interior belt, whilst holding up the trousers, also keeps the shirt in position
nd prevents its slipping upward, therefore the flap or tab usually attached to the
otton of a shirt-front may be dispensed with.

page_text: Instead of using a running or sliding belt, a fixed belt or girdle may be
employed, and closed or tightened by one buckle in front and one behind; but this
arrangement would be less conducive to comfort than the running or sliding girdle
or belt above described.
The guide or slide for this belt may be arranged on the lining usual at the top
of trousers, or it may be hidden under such lining, and the girdle or belt is formed
by a ribbon, a strip of leather, or other suitable material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED NUT IN COMBINATION WITH A SQUARE THREAD SCREW
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1880. A communication
by Jean Marcelin, of Bordeaux, France.
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
18, Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 90, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent. "A NEW OR IMPROVED NUT IN COMBINATION WITH A
SQUARE THREAD SCREW." A communicatian by Jean Marcelin, of Bordeaux,
France.
The Invention relates to the replacing of the sliding friction by the rolling
friction in the manufacture of screws intended to produce a pressure or to transmit
a motion, and thus to avoid the loss of working power lost through the sliding
friction with an ordinary screw; and it consists in combining with the ordinary
square thread a pair of steel or iron rotatory disks, of which the rotating axes are
perpendicular to that of the screw. The helicoidal surface of the screw thread
bears upon the circumference of the said disks, which are placed on both sides of
the said screw, so that a rolling friction takes place instead of a sliding friction
between the nut and the screw as with the ordinary threaded screw, and that the
disks take the place of threads. The two disks are contained in a netallic box
surrounding the screw and acting as nut. The screw may be moveable and the
nut fixed, or vice versa., the screw may be fixed and the nut moveable. In the
first case the screw in rising and descending imparts a rotary motion to the disks
by means of the pressure exerted upon the circumference of the latter by the
helicoidal surface of the screw thread, or in the other case, the rotary motion of the
disks is caused by the pressure which their circumference produces along this
helicoidal surface, while the nut mounts or descends.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COVER FOR CARDING ENGINES FOR COTTON OR OTHER FIBRE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Alfred Dobson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1880. A communication
from abroad by James Beck, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia.
BENJAMIN ALFRED DOBSON, of the Firm of Dobson and Barlow, of Bolton, in the
County of Lancaster, Machine Maker. "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF COVER
FOR CARDING ENGINES FOR COTTON OR OTHER FIBRE," A communication from
abroad by James Beck, of St. Petersburg, in the Empire of Russia.
This Invention consists in shaping or forming ridges or grooves in the inner
surface of the covers of carding engines, when such covers are close to the card
wire, the section of the covers presenting a serrated appearance; the ridges are
made at an angle more or less acute to the circumference or surface of the card
wire, thus tending to straighten or smooth the cotton or other fibre being operated
upon.
The ridges may be made of any suitable shape, size, or number.
AN IMPROVED BUTTON
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED BUTTON." A communication
from abroad by Theodoro Levering Snyder, of Montclair, New Jersey, United
States of America.
This Invention relates to an improved button whose head or body is made from
one piece of hard inflexible material having a dovetailed recess with convex base
in combination with a flexible shank.
As heretofore made buttons whose head or body is of hard and stiff material
either have holes drilled through them for threads or have an eye drilled in their
under side, or have a metallic shank secured to the underside for attaching them
to garments. These methods of attaching the buttons are objectionable for tho
reason that the holes through the button exposing the threads on the face of it
are unsightly, the oye drilled in the under sido is too brittle, and the metal shank
secured to the underside of the button would readily become detached therefrom,
but above all these objections is the one that the flexibility of the button upon the
garment was dependent solely upon the thread which attached it thereto.
According to this Invention I make a button head or body of a single piece of
hard and stiff material that shall stand out from the garmont to facilitato buttoning,
and at the same time be flexible in its shank to some extent independently of the
threads by which the button is secured, and in carrying the said Invention into
practice I construct a button head or body of ivory, bone, pearl, iron, or other
hard and stiff material, and form in its rear side a recess having a dovetailed section
and convex base, and make a thin metal shell with an orifice centrally formed
therein. Passing through this orifice there is a shank composed of canvas or other
textile fabric, which is secured to the said shell by placing a metal disc upon the
inner end of the shank and against the underside of the shell, and turning the edge
of the latter inward and against the disc, holding the disc in place, and securely
clamping the fabric of the inner end of the shank between the edge of the disc and
the turned edge of the shell. The shell is now placed within the recess in tho
button, and by suitable forco pressed therein, when the convex base of the recess
will spread the edge of the shell into the inclined edge of the recess, firmly locking
it therein and proventing its withdrawal In this manner, since the shank is, as
before described, fixed to the shell, the shank is permanently secured to the button,
which may then be attached to the garment by threads with ordinary sewing, and

page_text: which when attached will form a flexible shank greatly facilitating the use of the
button.
In the manner above described, it is evident that ivory, bone, wood, iron, glass,
and other hard and inflexible buttons may be provided with flexible shanks to
facilitate the operating of the button, and be flexible on the garment independently
of the attaching threads.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL CARRIAGE OR VEHICLE TRAVELLING OF ITSELF WITHOUT HORSE OR FUEL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1880. A com-
munication from abroad by Ernest Autef, of Lussac, Gironde, France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, London, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL CARRIAGE OR
VEHICLE TRAVELLING OF ITSELF WITHOUT HORSE OR FUEL." A communication
from abroad by Ernest Autef, of Lussac, Gironde, France.
This Invention relates to a mechanical carriage or vehicle having the double
advantage of a simple combination, and of travelling a distance of, say, 600 meters
by merely setting or winding up two bars provided with cylindrical springs, which
in expanding or unwinding actuate toothed gearing placed in front of the vehicle
between the two bars.
This toothed gearing communicates motion by means of bands, endless chains, or
other connections, to a revolving axle supporting the two hind wheels.
The object of this revolving axle is to drive the two hind wheels when it is set
in motion by the toothed gearing, and to leave them free when descending an
incline, the vehicle being then carried along by its own weight.
The front wheel serves for steering the vehicle. From the upper part of the
support of this wheel lead two guides by means of which it may be turned to the
desired direction.
CONTINUOUS RAILWAY BRAKES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Elgey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1880.
ROBERT ELGEY, of. 15, Alfred Street, Southampton.
CONTINUOUS RAILWAY BRAKES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention consists of an arrangement whereby the brakes of railway trains
may be applied to arrest or retard their motion by means of hand levers, or
levers actuated by compressed air or steam, or by a combination of two or more of
such means.
I construct and arrange the brake blocks of the engine, tender, carriages, and
wagons, which together may happen to constitute a railway train, in such a manner
that the whole of the brake blocks thereof can be actuated simultaneously, first, by
the fireman for ordinary application; secondly, by the guard when necessity arises
for his assistance; and thirdly, by the engine driver when an emergency arises,
and the means I use to apply the brakes as aforesaid are hand levers, compressed
air, or steam, separately, or in combination.
The lower end of the fireman's lever is fitted with a pinion wheel which gears
into two mitre wheels, the spindles whereof are connected with a lever which crosses
the underside of the tender and buffer beam of the engine respectively by means
of a vertical rod connected to another short lever, the office of which is to regulate
the throw of the short lateral levers, which are so fitted to the two longitudinal
rods as to cause them to rotate in opposite directions, one of which carries a weight
and spring which acts automatically upon a compound or a simple lever in case of
This is effected by a
accidental separation of the carriages composing the train.
bar which is carried on a sleeve fitted to and working upon each of the two long
horizontal rods, to be actuated by a nipple at the inner end, being pulled along a
starting bar when the couplings are stretched so as to cause the sleeve rod to be
pulled outwards. The arrangement is equally applicable whether the engine is
placed before the tender or the tender before the engine.
AN IMPROVED TUBE-STOPPER FOR STEAM-BOILERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1880. A communica-
tion from abroad by Louis Gilbert Jovet, of Marseilles, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED TUBE-STOPPER FOR STEAM-BOILERS."
[A communication from abroad by Louis Gilbert Jovet, of Marseilles, France.]
This Invention relates to an improved tube stopper for quickly plugging the ends
of a boiler tube when burst. In order that the Invention may be more readily
understood, I have illustrated it in the accompanying Drawing, which represents a
longitudinal section of the stopper as applied to plug the two ends of a boiler tube.
a, a, are the tube plates, and 6 the tube. The stopper consists of a long rod c,
having near its ends fixed collars d, two discs e of india-rubber, leather, or other
flexible material, two other rigid and slightly cupped discs f, and two nuts h
screwing on the threaded ends of the rod c. The flexible discs e are placed on
the rod c next to the collars d, and are backed up by the rigid discs as shown.
The discs e are, or become when inserted in the tube, cupped as shown, and when
the discs are tightened up against them by the nuts, they are pressed closely
against the sides of the tube, and owing to their cupped form the steam pressure
against their concave surfaces tends to make the joint tighter still.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTER
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Wirth, of the Firm of Wirth and Company,
Patent Solicitors, at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTER."
A communication from Eduard Oehler, trading under the Firm of K. Oehler,
of Offenbach-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1880.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTER." [A communication from Eduard Oehler,
trading under the Firm of K. Oehler, of Offenbach-on-the-Main, in the Empire of
Germany.]
My Invention relates to the production of colouring matter by applying the
usual process for producing azo-colouring matters to the combination of metadiazo-
sulfobenzol, and primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, or their substituted
derivatives.
For preparing metadiazosulfobenzols the sulfoacid of metaamidobenzol is to be
diazotised by an equivalent quantity of sodium nitrite in an aqueous slightly
acidulated solution. The diazoic combination thus formed is mixed with the
aromatic amine whilst being kept at a very low temperature.
According to the amine employed I take an excess of base, or its neutral or its
slightly acidulated solution.
The azoic acids thus formed are treated with alkali, and the combinations produced
are precipitated with common salt or dried by evaporation.
1.) Example of the combination of a primary amine:--
Metadiazosulfobenzol + £ naphtylamine.

page_text: tylamine. This solution is treated with sodic salt, and the colouring matter
thus produced is obtained by precipitation with common salt.
2.) Example of the combination of a secondary amine:-
Metadiazosulfobenzol + diphenylamine.
T
*N = NC H.NH (C, H,).
1830
•N = NC HẠNH (C, H,).
SO, Na (m).
Metadiazosulfobenzol and diphenylamine are mixed in equivalent quantities, and
the azo acid produced is treated as above.
3.) Example of the combination of a tertiary amine :-
Metadiazosulfobenzol + dimethylamine.
C₂ H₂
*N = NC HN (CH,)2.
20
T
1

page_text: 3.) Examples of the combination of a tertiary amine :-
Metadiazosulfobenzol + dimethylamine.
•N = NC HN (CH,) 2.
SO, Na (m).
CH₁
This process is exactly the same as in the above example.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my correspondent, I claim,-
The production of azo-colouring matters by combining metadiazosulfobenzol and
aromatic primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, or their substituted derivatives,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty one.
FRANK WIRTH. (L.S.)