CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING WOOLLEN CLOTH
Year: 1824

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CLISILD DANIELL, of Stoke, in the County of Wilts, Clothier, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twentieth day of November, in the fifth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, His especial licence that I, the said Joseph Clisild
Daniell, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Clisild Daniell, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING WOOLLEN CLOTH;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Joseph Clisild
Daniell, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, (as in

page_text: and by the same), reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby declare that the nature of my aforesaid
Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, is herein-after fully
set forth and described (that is to say):-
:-
It consists in a peculiar mode of treating or working the woollen cloth or
fabric at intervals between raising the wool or pile by any of the ordinary
processes of gigging and dressing and shearing, and is to be performed before
the cloth is dried, and of peculiar machinery to be applied for such process
as is herein-after described. The leading principle of my mode of treating
or working the woollen cloth while it is in process of dressing as aforesaid,
is that of combing its wool or pile in a uniform manner in one direction only,
and retaining and glazing it when so combed by means of the heat of steam or
other heat which may be applicable to the same purpose, and applying such heat
from proper surfaces while the cloth is in a damp or wet state. The machinery
which I am about to describe for producing this end is what I have myself used
and which I believe to be as good and convenient in form as any as can be
constructed for the purpose; but inasmuch as the principle of my Invention
is that of applying proper heated surfaces to the cloth when in a wet or
damp state, and at the same time that the pile is being combed and laid in
one direction, so I claim this general principle, and all the various modifi-
cations of machinery by which the same can be carried into effect, as apper-
taining to my aforesaid Invention. Fig. 1 of the annexed Drawing shews a
front view or elevation of my aforesaid machinery, and Fig. 2 an end view of
the same, for the purpose of shewing the particular form and construction of
the heated cylinder, and the manner in which the cloth is conducted and
mado to press against the same. The same letters of reference indicate the
same parts where they occur in both the said Figures. a, a, are the end
frames or standards of the machine, which are bolted or otherwise fixed to
the bottom platform b, b, and c is a cross bolt or rail for uniting the two side
standards together at the top. To rendor the whole frame stiff and steady I
construct the whole of this frame in iron, but wood will answer the purpose.
dande are the two cloth rollers, the length of which must exceed the width
of the cloth to be finished. The whole piece of cloth is to be wound upon
one of these, except its extreme end, which is connected to tho other roller
in order that the cloth may be taken from the full roller and rolled upon the
empty one, and vice versa, as often as it may require the operation, during
which motion it passes in contact with the heated finishing cylinder f, g, h, as

page_text: seen in Fig. 2, which cylinder is at the same time revolving on its axis with
'much greater velocity than the cloth passes over or before it. The form
and construction of the finishing cylinder is seen in both the said Figures,
and upon it the success of the operation in great measure depends. It con-
sists of a kind of skeleton drum or barrel i, i, i, formed of 3 or more wheels
or riggers fixed on to a central axis, and upon the outside of which are fixed
four or more hollow boxes of brass or copper, which boxes are portions of
a larger cylinder, and are concentric with the last-mentioned wheels or riggers,
so that when fixed upon their outsides, as at f, h, k, k, they may form a
larger cylinder, which is imperfect or has spaces in it, between each brass box
as at i, i, i, in both the Figures. One end of the axes upon which this finish-
ing cylinder revolves is made hollow as at 11, for the purpose of receiving
steam of any required temperature from a steam boiler, by the pipe connected
to a boiler not shewn in the Drawing. The end of the steam pipe m, which
passes into the hollow axis' 1, 1, passes through a steam-tight stuffing box,
which admits of the rotation of the axis 2, 1, without permitting the steam to
escape. From this hollow central axis hollow arms n, n, n, n, Fig. 2, proceed
to the inside of each of the brass boxes f, h, k, k, for the purpose of supplying
them with steam, and to promote the flowing of which, as well as to discharge
any condensed water that may accumulate, a small hole is made at the end of
each box furthest from where the steam enters as at o, o. These holes may
be stopped when required by wooden pegs or metal screws, plugs, valves, &c.
I find four hot brass boxes a convenient and efficient number to fix upon the
central drum, but their numbers may be encreased or diminished though they
should not in their whole extent cover more than about three fourths of
the surface of the cylinder. In the spaces between one hot box and
another I place pointed wire cards such as are used in dressing woollen
cloths, which are so set and fixed as to cause them to form part of the same
circle or cylinder as the outsides of the hot boxes, or any other pointed
substances capable of combing the wool or pile previously raised by dressing,
and these cards operate upon the pile of the cloth, to comb and lay it before
the hot box arrives to smooth and fix it in the position they may have given
to it; nor will they have their proper effect in this way unless the cloth has a
proper degree of wet or moisture upon it at the time of their operation; and
the wet or moisture which I find best suited to this purpose is that of full
saturation with cold water, but not to such an extent as to cause it to drip
or run. I likewise find it advantageous to give a wavey or uneven surface to
some portion of the hot brass boxes in this operation; and for this
purpose I
cause one or two of them to be formed with projecting ledges of about
of an

page_text: inch in height, and about an inch asunder in the nature of a fluted or grooved
cylinder, as shewn at k, k, in Fig. 3, which is a separate end view of one of
my heated finishing cylinders, separated from the machine and drawn to a
larger scale. These projecting ledges are not straight from end to end on
their external surfaces, but are cut into a waving form or into segments of
circles of about an inch and a half long, and aro so formed that the protu-
berant or projecting part of one segment may come opposite, or nearly opposite,
to the hollow or indented part between two segments in the next ledge or
row of segments, in a manner which will be more distinctly seen in Fig. 4,
which is a perspective view of one of these boxes, as it appears when detached
from the central cylinder. I find two of the waved boxes sufficient when four
boxes are fixed upon the drum, and that the best situations for them is
opposite sides of the drum, as shown at k, k, Fig. 8. The waved surfaces
answer the important purpose of clearing or smoothing away, in a great
measure, any appearance of wrinkles or shivers that may exist on the surface
of the cloth from bad milling or other causes, and the waved surfaces,
as well as the smooth one of the plain hot boxes must be very smooth,
or should even be polished, to fit them more completely for their pur-
poses. I communicate the motion of any prime mover to my machine by
the friction wheels or clutch box p, p, Fig. 1, to the central axis of the finishing
cylinder, from the opposite end of which motion is communicated to the two
cloth rollers by the bevel wheels, as shewn in the Figure, but which being a
common application of machinery to gig mills I do not here describe or
claim as any part of my Invention; though I feel it right to observe, that
the cloth must move with much less velocity than the surface of the
heated finishing cylinder, and that thero must be the means of reversing
the motion of the cloth, because it requires to pass several times over that
cylinder in opposite directions before the full beneficial effect contem-
plated by my aforesaid Invention will be produced. I use my above-
described process, in the first instance, after the cloth has been through
the process of roughing, cutting, wet, and roughing a second time, and
after passing through my process the first time the cloth is to be dried and
cut as usual, when my aforesaid process is to be repeated upon it after the
whole of the work is given for raising the pile on the face in the gig mill,
and before it is racked.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
JOSEPH CLISILD (L.R.) DANIELL.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid Joseph Clisild Daniell came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.