CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS FOR MAKING OR PRODUCING CAST- IRON EARTH SCREWS FOR THE LOWER PARTS OF FENCE, TELEGRAPH, AND OTHER POSTS OR SUPPORTS, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bayliss and Moses Bayliss, of the Firm
of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, and Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Iron Hurdle and Fencing Manufacturers, for the In-
vention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS FOR MAKING OR PRODUCING CAST-
IRON EARTH SCREWS FOR THE LOWER PARTS OF FENCE, TELEGRAPH, AND
OTHER POSTS OR SUPPORTS, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Scaled the 17th May 1870, and dated the 19th November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bayliss and
Moses Bayliss at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th November 1869.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS and MOSES BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss,
Jones, and Bayliss, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County
of Stafford, and Cannon Street, in the City of London, Iron Hurdle
and Fencing Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of our said

page_text: Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS FOR MAKING OR PRODUCING CAST-
IRON EARTH SCREWS FOR THE LOWER PARTS OF FENCE, TELEGRAPH, AND OTHER
POSTS OR SUPPORTS, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say):-
The object of our Invention is to provide a ready, certain, and economic
mode of moulding and casting that portion of fence, telegraph, and other
posts or supports that is buried or wormed into the soil by the said
parts being cast with a worm or spiral flange or screw around the
same.
And our improvements consist in forming a bed that permits one
half of the pattern of the screwed or earth portion to lie within it so as
to present a plain surface on the top, excepting as much of the centre
shaft or axis of the screw comprehended by the range of the said screw,
that is to say, when the said half pattern of the screw is turned half
round on its bed the screwed pattern will lie above the plain surface of
the bed, and is then in condition to receive a portion of a mould frame
or box, into which sand is placed and pressed as in the ordinary process
of casting, and after being so moulded the thread being of a regular form
will permit the half pattern to be screwed out from the said sand burying
itself in the base as before stated, permitting the mould frame to be
lifted from the said base; and in like manner the other half or portion
of the thread and half of the axis or centre shaft is moulded and with-
drawn from the mould by being wormed out of the sand by a half turn
as in the former case, when the two mould frames may be placed together
forming the complete matrix of the screw and centre axis for receiving
the molten metal to complete the casting, provision being made in the
upper part of the mould frames for moulding the upper portion of the
screw base with the enlarged collar for bearing on the earth, and suitable
shank for connection with the post proper or part above the earth, or to
which the said screw is required to be connected, such as piles or standards
for bridges or other like purposes, the upper portion being modified
as required. By these simple means skilled labour is avoided and
the cost of production considerably economized, while the angle of
the screw in its lateral direction from the centre axis may be varied as
desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Bayliss and Moses Bayliss in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 19th May 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, WILLIAM
BAYLISS and MOSES BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss,
of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, and
Cannon Street, in the Oity of London, Iron Hurdle and Fencing
Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Bayliss and. Moses
Bayliss, Her special license that we, the said William Bayliss and
Moses Bayliss, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said William Bayliss and Moses Bayliss, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED MEANS
FOR MAKING OR PRODUCING CAST-IRON EARTH SCREWS FOR THE LOWER PARTS OF
FENCE, TELEGRAPH, AND OTHER POSTS OR SUPPORTS, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Bayliss and Moses Bayliss, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Bayliss and Moses
Bayliss, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
The object of our Invention is to provide a ready, certain, and economic
mode of moulding and casting that portion of fence, telegraph,, and

page_text: other posts or supports that is buried or wormed into the soil by the
said parts being cast with a worm or spiral flange or screw around the
same, a production somewhat extensively known and used.
And our improvements in casting or producing such earth screws
consist in forming a moulding bed that permits one half of the pattern
of the screwed or earth portion to lie within it so as to present a plain
surface on the top, excepting as much of the centre shaft or axis of the
screw comprehended by the range of the said screw, that is to say,
when the said half pattern of the screw is turned half round in its bed
the worm of the screw in connection with the axis will lic above the
plain surface of the bed, and is, then in condition to receive a mould
frame or box, into which sand is placed and pressed as in the ordinary
process of casting from what is technically called an odd side, and after
being so moulded the thread or worm being of a regular form will
permit the same to be screwed or wormed out from the mould or
matrix burying itself in the base as before stated, permitting the mould
frame to be lifted from the said moulding bed; and in like manner the
other half or portion of the thread or worm and half of the axis or
centre shaft is moulded and withdrawn from the mould by being wormed
out of the mould or matrix by a half turn as in the former case, when
the two moulds within their frames may be placed together, forming the
complete matrix of the screw and centre axis for receiving the molten
metal to complete the casting, provision being made in the upper part of
the mould frames when required for moulding the upper portion of the
screw base with the enlarged collar for bearing on the earth and suitable
shank for connection with the post proper or part above the earth or
to which the said screw is required to be connected, such as piles or
standards for bridges or other like purposes, the upper portion being
modified as required. By these simple means skilled labour is avoided
and the cost of production considerably economized, while the angle of
the worm or screw in its lateral direction from its centre axis may be
varied as desired.
In giving effect to our Invention the same may be arranged with
compound mould boxes or frames well understood by practical workmen
accustomed to moulding, or the additional moulding bed may be me-
chanically arranged to economize labour and expedite the work by
means so constructed as to permit the half mould to be reversed so as to
bury the half of the worm and shaft for the more ready removal of the

page_text: mould box or frame in which the half of the said screw or worm and
shaft has been moulded.
But as the true nature of our Invention will be best understood from
the Drawings hereunto annexed, we will proceed to describe the same
(that is to say):
Fig. 1 represents a top view of a moulding bed with sufficient tech.
nicalities apart from mechanical appliances to explain the character of
our Invention. This moulding bed consists of a single rectangular
hollow frame with by preference a metal bed marked A, A, A, with
semicircular openings formed through the ends of the centre shaft or
axis of the screwed pattern marked B, B, to lic in, which shaft is held
down by bearings at each end of the moulding bed, one of which is seen
marked c; C, C, are lugs for receiving conical pins to guide and hold
the mould frame proper in position on the moulding bed; D, D,
represents the mould frame or box broken off for convenience, which
mould frame or box has lateral lugs at E, E, hereafter to be referred to;
F is a slide slightly taper and bevill-sided for covering over the opening G
when moulding the screw or worm, the shaft of the pattern of which we
prefer fitting with a collar as at a, as it forms a stop against the mould
frame and moulding bed when the screw or worm is in the position hero
shown. The other end of the said axis is also fitted with a collar b and a
square end for receiving a handle or lever for giving the pattern the half
turn when moulded, or this may be effected by other equivalent means.
Fig. 2 is a side view of Figure 1, and as in that view the mould frame
proper is represented broken for the better definement of the divisional
line through the pattern and of the meeting of the lower face or
edge of the mould frame or box D, D, and the surface of the moulding
bed.
Fig. 3 represents a detached side view of the pattern marked B, B,
Figure 1, showing the axis continued in its circular form in order to
maintain its concentric position on the moulding bed, and for the
purpose of its being turned half round when required.
We will now imagine the moulder proceeding with his work, when he
will first pass in the slide F until its inner end abuts or stops parallel
with the periphery of the circular shaft or axis of the screw pattern
ready to receive the sand or other material suitable for making his
mould, which sand or material is pressed compactly within the mould
frame D, and on the surface of the moulding bed A, A, until the work

page_text: is complete by levelling the moulding material with the top of the
mould frame, when a lever may be applied to the axis at e, f, or other
equivalent means, so as to turn the pattern in the direction of the arrow
until the shoulder g of the axis or collar 6 abuts against the mould
frame at h, when the divided plane of the worm or screw at % will rise
in the space represented by G, and be level with the surface of the
moulding bed A, A; but to allow for this the slide F should have been
first drawn out in the position here shown. The mould now being com-
pleted in the box D it may be clevated from the bed and turned over
and the moulding near the apex of the screw axis as indicated in dotted
lines at m will be scoped out slightly by a suitable moulding tool and
a dummy axis, as at Fig. 4, laid in the cavity, when the moulder will
make good the deficiency around the sharp nose of the axis levelling it
down so as to comprehend the one half of it, when the mould will bo
complete to the extent of one half, or instead of producing the sharp
nose or apex by the dummy axis, Figure 4, the same may be effected by
the insertion of a core, after which the moulder with appliances identical
as before described with a mould frame or box and bed, as at Figure 1,
with the exception that this pattern will comprehend the remaining half
of the worm or screw removed from the pattern exhibited in position at
Figure 1, and detached at Figure 3, and the counterpart on a similar
axis we have exhibited at Fig. 5 lying on the moulding bed and within
the moulding box in position for moulding shown as in the former
Figure marked D'.
:.
The pattern with a portion of the screw appertaining to this half we
have shown detached at Fig. 6, and after moulding identically as before
described and the slide F' being withdrawn to the position here shown
the pattern must be turned half round in the direction of the arrow,
when the portion of the worm marked n, n, will worm itself down
through the slot p until the part of the worm marked q is level with
the surface of the moulding bed, which will permit the mould and mould
box to be lifted from the bed, and turned over to complete the moulding
of the half of the conical or lower end of the axis, which of course may
be of any other shape as also the screw or worm, provided it is regular
in its pitch and size to permit of its being wormed from the mould or
matrix without disturbance of the sand or moulding material. The two
screw moulds and boxes D and D' are now ready to be put together in
position and held by any convenient means admitting of the upper

page_text: portion of the shaft of the screw to be moulded in the ordinary way, but
arranged that the mould frames may be readily united at the ends of
the mould boxes here shown, and for which the lugs E, E, of Figure 1
and H, H, of Figure 5 are provided. This provision is necessary when
such earth screws are required with enlarged surface bearing flanges or
sockets and shanks for receiving an upper part, or the said upper part
may be moulded with the screw altogether by pouring the molten
metal through suitable gets into the moulds herein described.
Figs. 7 and 8 simply show a side and top sectional view of the axis
and screw as produced from the patterns described at Figures 3 and 6.
Having thus given a general description of our Invention, and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, we wish it understood that we
do not profess to have invented anything new in earth screws as they
are now well known and extensively used for a variety of purposes;
but what we claim and wish protected under these our in part recited
Letters Patent is, the production of earth screws without regard to
the size or shape by moulding them in two halves in the manner herein
described and set forth, whereby great facility and economy of production
is ensured.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Bayliss and Moses Bayliss,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of
May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
Witness,
WILLIAM LOACH,
Clerk to James S. Cockings,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM BAYLISS. (L.s.)
MOSES BAYLISS.
(L.S.)