IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING."-A communication from
abroad by Pierre Blumer-Zweifel, of Paris, in the Empire of
France.
Sealed the 11th January 1870, and dated the 20th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 20th July 1869.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING," a communication.
from abroad by Pierre Blumer-Zweifel, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new method of dyeing and printing upon
cotton or linen fabrics, and consists in the employment of solutions
containing naphthylamine in conjunction with oxidizing bodies, such, for

page_text: example, as chloride of copper, whereby a violet color is produced, the
tint of which is capable of being modified.
In carrying out this Invention the solution of naphthylamine, the
chloride for example, is mixed with the oxidizing body, the chloride of
copper for example, and the fabrics when dyed or printed are submitted
to the oxidizing action of the atmosphere until the desired tint is
obtained. The proportions in which the salt of naphthylamin is to be
employed will vary according to the tint it is desired to obtain, but I
have found that for light shades about 15 parts of the chloride of napli-
thylamin to about 1000 parts of water will give good results, and for
darker shades about 45 parts of the chloride of naphthylamin to about
1000 parts of water will also give good results. The relation of the
ordinary body to the chloride of naphthylamine will vary according
to the substances employed, but I have found that when chloride of
copper
is employed that from about one-fourth to about one-half part
by weight of that salt to every one part of the chloride of naphthylamine
will give good results.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Henry Johnson in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th January 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Henry Johnson,
Her special license that I, the said John Henry Johnson, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Henry Johnson, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an

page_text: Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING," a communication
from abroad by Pierre Blumer-Zweifel, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, upon tne condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Henry
Johnson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal. Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Henry Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to a new method of dyeing and printing
and of fixing the violet and grey products of oxidation of naphthyla
mine upon cotton and linen fabrics, and consists in the employment
of solutions containing naphthylamine in conjunction with oxidising
bodies, such, for example, as chloride of copper, whereby a violet color is
produced, the tint of which is capable of being modified.
In carrying out this Invention the solution of naphthylamine, the
chloride for example, is mixed with the oxidising body, the chloride of
copper for example, and the yarns or fabrics when dyed or printed are
submitted to the oxidising action of the atmosphere until the desired
tint is obtained. The proportions in which the salt of naphthylamine is
to be employed will vary according to the tint it is desired to obtain,
but I have found that for light shades about fifteen parts by weight of
the chloride of naphthylamine to about one thousand parts by weight of
water will give good results, and for darker shades about forty-five parts
of the chloride of naphthylamine to about one thousand parts of water
will also give good results. The relation of the oxidising body to the
chloride of naphthylamine will vary according to the substances employed,
but I have found that when chloride of copper is employed that from
about one-fourth to about one-half part by weight of that salt to every
one part of the chloride of naphthylamine will give good results.
If desired the solutions or baths herein-before described may be
thickened by the addition thereto of gum arabic, starch, dextrine, or
other like thickening material. This thickening material having been
dissolved in water, such proportions of chloride of naphthylamine and

page_text: of the oxidising agent as will produce the desired tint are added thereto.
Thus, in order to obtain a medium tint about thirty parts by weight of
chloride of naphthylamine and fifteen parts of chloride of copper,
marking fifty-one degrees Beaumé, may be added to the bath. The fibre
or fibrous material is to be impregnated with this solution or bath, and
exposed to the action of the atmosphere, by preference at a temperature
of about seventy-seven degrees Fahrenheit, until a violet shade is produced.
The fibre or material is then to be washed and afterwards to be treated
in the well known manner. For a grey color the fibre or material is to be
impregnated in the same manner with the above solution, the strength
of which will depend on the shade of color it is desired to obtain.
I do not limit or confine myself to the precise proportions given, as
they may be varied according to circumstances and the particular shade
of color required.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of
the said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be
used or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I
consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the production and fixing of violet and grey colors upon cotton and
linen fibres by the employment of a solution of naphtylamine in
conjunction with oxidising bodies, substantially in the manner herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Johnson, have to
this my Specification set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day
of January One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
J. HENRY JOHNSON. (L.s.)