IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS ACTUATED BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City
of Westminster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS ACTUATED
BY ELECTRICITY." A communication from abroad by Emil Bürgin, Engineer,
of Basel, Switzerland.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd November 1881.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS ACTUATED BY ELECTRICITY." A communication
from abroad by Emil Bürgin, Engineer, of Basel, Switzerland.
According to this Invention one or both of the acting portions of a motor
actuated by electricity is or are, as hereinafter described, constructed of non-
magnetic material. Of these two acting portions one will, as well understood,
have an alternating electrical current there-through; this is the portion which
usually will be, according to this Invention, constructed of non-magnetic material.
In a motor wherein this portion constitutes the fixed or stationary acting portion
of the motor, it is formed by or comprises a conductor or conductors, the coils or
convolutions of which lie approximately in planes parallel to each other and to the
axis, about which the moveable part or portion of the motor rotates. The move-
able portion comprises a conductor or conductors, the coils or convolutions of which
encircle or surround a core, and lie approximately in planes parallel to each other
and to the axis of rotation.
In one form of motor, such as just described, the fixed or stationary portion is
constructed as follows:-
On a suitable base is a hollow core of brass having the form of a hollow sphere,
divided into two hemispheres, whose junction forms a horizontal great circle. The
lower hemisphere may be conveniently formed in one with the said base.
Each hemisphere is wound or coiled with an insulated conductor, the con-
volutions of which lie approximately in horizontal planes.
Price C1

page_text: Upon a horizontal shaft, passing through the centre of the hollow sphere, is fixed
an iron core of any suitable form, as, for instance, that of an elongated barrel. This
core is wound or coiled with an insulated conductor, or with insulated conductors
in such a way that when completed it constitutes a spherical bobbin, slightly less
in diameter than the internal diameter. of the hollow sphere. The axis of the core
is arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the shaft, and also to the planes of the
convolutions of the conductor or conductors.
One of the extremities of the above-named shaft, which is supported or guided
in bearings on the hollow sphere, carries a driving pulley, and to the other
extremity is attached a commutator arranged to convey or direct a continuous
current of electricity into the conductor of the spherical bobbin, and a current
alternating in direction twice during each revolution of the bobbin into the
conductor on the hollow sphere.
From this arrangement it follows that the current always traverses the armature
or moving part in one direction, and that its magnetic polarity is not reversed,
while the direction of the current in the conductor on the hollow sphere is reversed
twice in each revolution. The cores of both the moving and stationary parts of
the motor are split or divided in one or more places to prevent the circulation of
induction currents.
When the current is Howing the mutual attraction and repulsion in the convolu-
tions of the two conductors tend to cause the convolutions on the spherical bobbin
to take up positions in which they are parallel to the convolutions on the hollow
sphere. When this is attained the current by the revolution of the armature on
the shaft or axis becomes reversed in the exterior conductor in consequence of the
action_of_the_commutator._ At_this_moment_the_parts_of_the_fixed_and_movable_
coils, which heretofore attracted each other, repel each other, and so continue the
rotation of the spherical bobbin or moving part. After a quarter of a revolution
repulsion ceases and attraction is again set up and continues until the core regains
its vertical attitude, when the current in the exterior coil is again reversed, and so
on, the play of alternate attractions and repulsions being continued so long as the
motion and current are maintained.
If found desirable it is possible by the same commutator to transmit a con-
tinuous current to the conductor of the stationary part of the motor and to
periodically reverse the current in the moving part. Also by reversing the con-
nections the direction of rotation of the motor may be reversed.
Various forms of motors may be constructed according to the principles of this
Invention as above set forth. The portion that has been hereinabove described as
the movable portion might be fixed, and the portion described as the fixed portion
might be allowed to rotate and be provided with appliances for transmitting power
and directing the current.
The core of the movable portion might be of soft iron or other magnetic metal,
the method of coiling the conductor or conductors remaining as above described.
Or the movable portion might be a permanent magnet, or consist of two or more
permanent magnets arranged with their axial lines parallel to each other and
perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd May 1882.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 7, Whitehall Place, in the City of Westminster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTORS ACTUATED BY ELECTRICITY." A communication from
abroad by Emil Bürgin, Engineer, of Basel, Switzerland.
According to this Invention one or both of the acting portions of a motor
actuated by electricity is or are as hereinafter described constructed of non
magnetic material. Of these two acting portions one will, as well understood, have
an alternating electrical current there through; this is the portion which will be,
according to this Invention, constructed of non magnetic material. In a motor
wherein this portion constitutes the fixed or stationary acting portion of the motor,
it is formed by or comprises a conductor or conductors, the coils or convolutions of
which lie approximately in planes parallel to each other and to the axis about
which the movable part or portion of the motor rotates. The movable portion
comprises a conductor or conductors, the coils or convolutions of which encircle or
surround a core, and lie approximately in planes parallel to each other, and to the
axis of rotation.
In one form of motor, such as just described, the fixed or stationary portion is
constructed as follows:-
On a suitable base is a hollow core of brass having the form of a hollow sphere
divided into two hemispheres, whose junction forms a horizontal great circle. The
lower hemisphere may be conveniently formed in one with the said base.
Each hemisphere is wound or coiled with an insulated conductor, the convolu-
tions of which lie approximately in horizontal planes.
Upon a horizontal shaft passing through the centre of the hollow sphere is fixed
an iron core of any suitable form, as, for instance, that. of an elongated barrel.
This core is wound or coiled with an insulated conductor, or with insulated con-
ductors in such a way that when completed it constitutes a spherical bobbin,
slightly less in diameter than the internal diameter of the hollow sphere. The
axis of the core is arranged perpendicularly to the axis of the shaft, and also to the
planes of the convolutions of the conductor or conductors.
One of the extremities of the above named shaft which is supported or guided
in bearings on the hollow sphere, carries a driving pulley, and to the other
extremity is attached a commutator arranged to convey or direct a continuous
current of electricity into the conductor of the spherical bobbin, and a current
alternating in direction twice during each revolution of the bobbin into the con-
ductor on the hollow sphere.
From this arrangement it follows that the current always traverses the armature
or moving part in one direction, and that its magnetic polarity is not reversed,
while the direction of the current in the conductor on the hollow sphere is reversed
twice in each revolution.
The cores of both the moving and stationary parts of the motor are split or
divided in one or more places to prevent the circulation of induction currents.
Referring to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings, Fig. 1 is a half sectional
elevation of a motor actuated by electricity according to this Invention; Fig. 2 is
a vertical section at right angles to Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 is a plan.
A is a hollow sphere of thin brass or any other non-magnetic metal divided into
two hemispheres B and C, whose junction forms a horizontal great circle. These
hemispheres are wound with insulated conducting wire D coiled in convolutions
parallel to the horizontal plane of junction. The lower hemisphere C is formed in
one with the pedestal E which supports the apparatus.

page_text: On the horizontal shaft F passing through the centre of the sphere is fixed an
iron core G of the form of an elongated barrel. This core is wound with insulated
wire H, and presents the appearance of a spherical bobbin, rather less in diameter
than the internal diameter of the sphere A. The axis of the iron core G is
perpendicular to the shaft F, and consequently perpendicular or nearly so to the
planes of the convolutions of the conductor.
At one of its extremities the shaft F carries the driving pulley P, and at the
other extremity the commutator J, formed of three insulated parts (I., II., III.).
The extremities of the conductor H on the core G are connected to the segments I.
and II., while those of the conductor D on the stationary part A are connected to
the brushes b and c, which, when the shaft rotates, alternately come in contact
with the segments II. and III.
The current enters the machine at the terminal K, which is connected to the
brush a and the segment I, and then traverses the layers of the conductor H
encircling the core, and returns to the segment II. In this manner it traverses the
inner spherical bobbin always in the same direction, so that the magnetic polarity
of the core G does not change. From the segment II. the current passes through
the brush into the outer conductor, and after circulating through it comes out
again in tho segment III., whence it passes through the brush a to the terminal K',
and to the source of electricity.
When the current is flowing the mutual attraction and repulsion in the con-
volutions of the two conductors tend to cause the convolutions on the spherical
bobbin to take up positions in which they are parallel to the convolutions on the
hollow sphere.
When this is attained-the-current-by-the-revolution of the armature on the shaft
or axis becomes reversed in the exterior conductor, because the segment II. of the
commutator passes from contact with the brush 6 to contact with the brush c,
whilst the segment III. passes from the brush c to the brush b.
At this moment the parts of the fixed and movable coils which heretofore
attracted each other, repel each other, and so continue the rotation of the spherical
bobbin or moving part. After a quarter of a revolution repulsion ceases, and
attraction is again set up and continues until the core regains its vertical attitude,
when the current in the exterior coil is again reversed, and so on, the play of
alternate attractions and repulsions being continued so long as the motion and
current are maintained. Under these conditions the spirals of the exterior sphere
form true solenoids, at the interior of which turns an electro magnet.
If found desirable it is possible by the same commutator to transmit a con-
tinuous current to the conductor of the stationary part of the motor, and to
periodically reverse the current in the moving part. Also by reversing the
connections, the direction of rotation of the motor may be reversed.
Various forms of motors may be constructed according to the principles of this
Invention as above set forth. The portion that has been hereinabove described as
the movable portion might be fixed, and the portion described as the fixed portion
might be allowed to rotate, and be provided with appliances for transmitting
power and directing the current.
The core of the moveable portion might be of non magnetic material, the method
of coiling the conductor or conductors remaining as above described.
Or the moveable portion might be a permanent magnet, or consist of two or
more permanent magnets arranged with their axial lines parallel to each other, and
perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The two portions might also be of other
form than the spherical one shown in the Drawings.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into practical effect as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would have
it understood that what considered to be novel and original, and is thereforo
claimed as secured to me by the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is,―
1. In a motor actuated by electricity, wherein the convolutions of the conductors

page_text: are wound in parallel planes, substantially as set forth, forming the part subject to
reversal of currents without a magnetic core, substantially as described.
2. In a motor actuated by electricity, the combination of a part constructed of
non magnetic materials, and comprising a conductor or conductors of which the
convolutions are wound in approximately parallel planes, and a part comprising a
core capable of magnetic induction, and a conductor or conductors, the convolutions
of which are wound in approximately parallel planes, substantially as described.
3. In a motor actuated by electricity, the combination of a part constructed of
non magnetic materials, and comprising a conductor or conductors of which the
convolutions are wound in approximately parallel planes, and a part comprising a
core of non magnetic material, and a conductor or conductors, the convolutions of
which are wound in approximately parallel planes, substantially as described.
4. In a motor actuated by electricity, the combination of a part constructed of
non magnetic materials, and comprising a conductor or conductors of which the
convolutions are wound in approximately parallel planes, and a part endued with
permanent magnetic polarity, substantially as desciibed.
5. The improved electric motor constructed, arranged, and operating, substantially
as described with reference to the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
W. LLOYD WISE. (L.S.)