IMPROVEMENTS, IN SEWING MACHINES AND FOR CERTAIN PARTS OF THE BAME, WHICH SAID PARTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SEWING MACHINES, NOW IN USE." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Septimus Cockings, trading under the-
Style or Firm of William Campbell and Company, of Oak Works,
Selly Oak, in the County of Worcester, and Anthony Umbach,
Mechanical Engineer, also of Selly Oak aforesaid, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS, IN SEWING MACHINES AND FOR CERTAIN PARTS OF THE
BAME, WHICH SAID PARTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SEWING MACHINES,
NOW IN USE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Septimus.
Cockings and Anthony Umbach at the Office of the Commissioners.
of Patents, with their Petition,, on the 11th June 1868..
We, JAMES SEPTIMUS COCKINGS, trading under the Style or Firm of:
William Campbell and Company, of Oak Works, Selly Oak, in the
County of Worcester, and ANTHONY UMBACH, Mechanical Engineer,
also of Selly Oak aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of our said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND FOR CERTAIN PARTS
OF THE SAME, WHICH SAID PARTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SEWING MACHINES
NOW IN USE," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in so making or arranging sewing
machines that we combine the main cam with the fly wheel and means

page_text: for imparting foot or hand motion to the same, the combined cam and
fly wheel working at right angles with a bar that actuates the shuttle;
the said bar is supported by a strong bed bar cast, formed, or otherwise
made with the principle frame or body and top arm of the machine,
the said shuttle bar carrying the shuttle, thereby rendering a shuttle
race unnecessary. The bed bar before referred to we purpose enclosing
with a piece of drawn tube, which may be of any desirable section or
otherwise to suit various hands.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to the tension and means of
regulating the same, which consists of a thin disc of metal serrated or
divided around its edge, each divisional part being alternately spread
outwards so as to form a groove for the thread to ride on, and this
serated disc moves on an axis regulated by a screw and spiral or other
spring, the pressure of which against the tension wheel regulates its
action.
Thirdly. In applying india-rubber around the groove of sewing
machines and driving wheel of the machine stand in which the gut or
cord works for the purpose of deadening the sound as well as for the
advantage of its contraction and expansion and adhesion to the gut or
cord while at work.
And, lastly. The general combination, that is to say, the cam which
is repeated in itself is formed by an eccentric groove or its equivalent
around the face of the fly whcel, and by means of a small pulley fitted
on a strong pin attached to the shuttle carrier the shuttle is carried
forward and backward twice in each direction with each revolution of
the fly wheel, and with each revolution of the fly wheel (by a gear wheel
and pinion fixed on a small shaft) the needle bar is actuated by means
of an eccentric working in an eccentric groove formed in the shape of a
beart or other equivalent form which causes the bar carrying the needle
to descend, pause, and risc twice with each revolution of the fly wheel.
In a finished machine we purpose covering over the face of the fly
wheel cam by a piece of suitable brass or other tubing, as also the bar
in which the shuttle bar works, forming a table part on its top side for
receiving the guide, regulators, feed motion, and other appliances; but
this portion may be altered and varied in its mode of finish as may be
desired to suit for a hand machine complete in itself, or a sewing
machine to be connected with a stand for a treadle motion. On the
top of the tube covering the fly wheel an axis is fixed for carrying a

page_text: bobbin, and midway on the arm which supports the needle bar with its
cam and attendant parts we place the tension before described, around
which the thread is passed, and from there to a bent hook over which a
helical spring is placed with a regulating screw to take up and regulate
the slack thread before passing down by the side of the needle bar to be
passed through the eye of the needle. The tension is regulated in its
free action by a suitable spring with a screw regulator. The machine
so arranged may be adapted for all general description of sewing, as the
worker may require, such as hemming, tucking, quilting, or embroider-
ing, producing sound and firm, lock-stitch work by the thread in and
with the shuttle, being carried backwards and forwards by the shuttle
carrier independent of any tension or working action on the thread, by
which means all friction is removed from the thread, a too common
defect in sewing machines. This is equally as advantageous to the fine
delicate work of the sempstress as to the harness, boot and shoe, or 'sail
cloth maker, or other worker of strong material. The feed or regulating
motion is affected by a double eccentric in connection with a small shaft
that actuates the needle bar.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Septimus Cockings and Anthony Umbach
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th December 1868...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
SEPTIMUS COOKINGS, trading under the Style or Firm of William
Campbell and Company, of Oak Works, Selly. Qak, in the County of
Worcester, and ANTHONY UMBACH, Mechanical Engineer, also of Selly
Oak aforesaid, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Septimus Cockings and Anthony
Umbach, Her special license that we,] the said James Septimus
Cockings and Anthony Umbach, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said James Septimus Cockings and
Anthony Umbach, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at

page_text: any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES AND FOR CERTAIN PARTS OF THE SAME,
WHICH SAID PARTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SEWING MACHINES NOW IN USE,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Septimus
Cockings and Anthony Umbach, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
Baid Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Septimus Cockings and
Anthony Umbach, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is
to say):-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in so making or arranging sewing
machines that we combine the main cam with the fly wheel and means
for imparting foot or hand motion to the same, the combined cam and
fly wheel working at right angles with a bar that carries the shuttle,
and which said bar is actuated by the cam on the periphery of the
fly wheel, and is supported in its work by a strong bed bar, cast,
formed, or otherwise made with the principal frame or body and top
arm of the machine, the said shuttle bar carrying the shuttle as before
stated, rendering a shuttle race unnecessary. The bed bar before
referred to we purpose enclosing with a piece of drawn or other tube
which may be of any desirable section or otherwise to suit various hands
or description of work.
Secondly. Our improvements relate to the tension and means of
regulating the same, which consists of a thin disc of metal serrated or
divided around its edge, each divisional part being alternately spread
outwards so as to form a groove for the thread to ride on, and this
serrated disc moves on an axis supported in its rectangular position by
a washer front and back and regulated by a screw and spiral or other
spring, the pressure of which against the front washer regulates its
action

page_text: Thirdly. In applying india-rubber around the groove of sewing
machines and driving wheel of the machine stand in which the gut or
cord works, for the purpose of deadening the sound, as well as for the
advantage of its contraction and expansion and adhesion to the gut or
cord while at work.
And, lastly. The general combination, that is to say, the cam which is.
repeated in itself is formed by an eccentric groove or its equivalent
around the face of the fly wheel, and by means of a small roller fitted
on a strong pin attached to the shuttle bar or carrier the shuttle is
carried forward and backward twice in each direction with each revo-
lution of the fly wheel, and with each revolution of the fly wheel (by
a gear wheel secured concentrically in the interior of the fly wheel and
a pinion fixed on a small shaft, which we term the needle shaft) the
needle bar is actuated by means of an eccentric working in an eccentric
groove formed in the shape of a heart or other equivalent form which
causes the bar carrying the needle to descend, pause, and rise twice in
each revolution of the fly wheel. In a finised machine we purpose
covering over the face of the fly wheel cam by a brass or other suitable
casing or covering supported by a circular flange and projecting part
for securing it to the stand, as also the bar in which the shuttle bar
works forming a table part on its top side for receiving the guide
regulators, feed motion, and other appliances, but this portion may be
altered and varied in its mode of finish as may be desired to suit for
a hand machine complete in itself, or a sewing machine to be connected
with a stand for a treadle motion. On the top of the casing or covering
of the fly wheel an axis is fixed for carrying a bobbin, and midway on
the arm which supports the needle bar with its cam and attendant
parts, we place the tension before described around which the thread
is passed, and from there to a bent hook over which a helical spring is
placed with a regulating screw to take up and regulate the slack thread
before passing down by the side of the needle (to be passed through
the eye of the needle. The tension is regulated in its free action by a
suitable spring with a screw regulator. The machine as thus or other-
wise suitably arranged may be readily adapted for all general descriptions
of sewing as the worker may require, such as hemming, tucking,
quilting, or embroidering, producing sound and firm lock stitch work
by the thread in and with the shuttle being carried backwards and
forwards by the shuttle carrier, independent of any tension or working

page_text: action on the thread, by which means all friction is removed from the
thread, a too common defect in sewing machines. This machine is
equally as advantageous to the fine delicate work of the sempstress as
to the harness, boot and shoe, or sail cloth maker, or other worker of
strong material. The feed or regulating motion is effected by an inde-
pendent double eccentric secured to the shaft before referred to that
actuates the needle bar.
But as our improvements will be better understood by referring to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, we will now proceed to describe the
Fig. 1 is a part sectional side view of our improved machine adapted
for portable use mounted on a stand marked A, and as a matter of
course arranged to be worked by the handle B, notwithstanding we have
represented a groove in the cam or fly wheel C, C, at a, a, for a gut to
work over when it may be desirable to work the machine by a driving
wheel and treadle below as commonly practised with stand sewing
machines. The cam or fly wheel works on the axis D, which is a strong
forged pin secured to the body of the machine marked E by the nut b,
which body E is secured firmly to the stand A. by strong screws, one of
which is shown in dotted lines at K, and by forming the said part E
separate we are enabled to modify the form of stand to use for hand,
foot, or other power. With the body E the arm F is formed, with
a projection at c for carrying the tension marked d, hereafter to be
referred to, also the front part for carrying the needle bar g and cam
for actuating the same by means of the axis or shaft G, G, put in motion
by the pinion e gearing into the toothed wheel f, but as these wheels,
the axis G, needle bar g, and the fore motion top feed are not new we
do not consider it necessary to further particularize.
In connection with the body E a rectangular bed bar is formed
marked H, extending to the end internally of the disc i that covers the
ends of the tubular covering I, I, I, I, and for better definement we
have exhibited a section of the bed bar at Fig. 2, taken through the
dotted line k, h, Figure 1, showing the plate l, 1, that forms a groove
for the shuttle bar m, m, to work in, as seen by referring to Figure 1, to
the extreme end of which the shuttle carrier n is fixed by the screws o, o.
The shuttle bar is provided with an enlarged part marked p for working

page_text: in a recess marked q in the lengthway of the stand A, and to the end
of of the top side of this enlarged part p of the shuttle bar the friction
roller is secured on a strong pin. This friction roller works in a
repeated eccentric groove or lateral cam N formed as indicated by the.
dotted lines around the periphery of the fly wheel C, from which it will
be seen that whether worked by hand or treadle motion the shuttle
bar m with the shuttle carrier n and shuttle x will advance and retire
to the extent of the excentricity of the cam twice at every revolution
of the fly wheel, the shuttle passing and retiring through a loop formed
by the thread at each dip of the needle, the needle rising and descending
twice also at each revolution of the fly wheel. For appearance we prefer
covering over the periphery of the fly wheel by a casing, here exhibited.
in section marked 8, 8, secured to the periphery of the body E by
screws and protected on the back side by a stamped flange, also shown in
section marked t, secured by solder or rivetting as preferred. The
casing 8 we have represented as raised in beads for the purpose of
additional strength. The front end of the tube I we purpose making
detachable in a line with the needle dip, as exhibited in dotted lines, so
that the shuttle may be removed for supplying or renewing the bobbin.
Fig. 3 represents (for convenience) one half of the fly wheel end of
the machine with the corrugated or beaded cover 8, 8, 8, and raised
flange t, t, t, with a continuous piece marked ", which assumes the same
form as the end of the stand A, at that part covering over the groove q
in Figure 1, in which the enlarged part of the shuttle bar marked p
works, the groove q and the enlarged part p being nicely fitted to ensure
accurate and steady working.
Fig. 4 represents the front or needle end of the machine, showing
the needle bar g and all the attendant parts, together with the main_or
circular body E, E, of the machine, with the front part of the case I
and disc i removed for the purpose of exhibiting the front end of the
bed bar H, as also the part screwed against its side with its upper
edge angled downward, so as to form a dovetail with a corresponding
projection above marked v, and into this dovetailed groove a piece fits
marked to secured to the shuttle carrier n and also to the shuttle bar m.
In connection with the shuttle carrier n a recess is formed for the shuttle
In this
to lie in, the shuttle being partly shown in dotted lines at x.
view we are enabled to show the bridge y and guidez, which bridge is
secured to the bed bar by screws, one of which is exhibited, marked a',

page_text: notwithstanding a bridge of any other suitable form or construction
may be adopted. In this view we are enabled to partly show the
groove q in the stand A, in which the part p of the shuttle bar works
and which shuttle bar carrier and shuttle we have exhibited in a top
and side view at Fig. 5, the several parts being marked with the same
letters of reference as in the other views.
Fig. 6 represents the fly or cam wheel in the same position as
exhibited at Figure 1 and Fig. 7, the same wheel as if turned exactly
one quarter of a circle for the purpose of exhibiting the true form of
the cam or cam groove in which the friction roller r of the shuttle bar
works for advancing and retiring the shuttle as before described, the
repeated eccentric curve of which causes the shuttle to repeat its range
of action twice while the fly or cam wheel is making one revolution.
We do not think it necessary to describe minutely the manner of
regulating or increasing or diminishing friction or pressure on the
tension, shown partly in Figure 1 and partly in dotted lines in Figure 4,
and in a separate and and flat view at Figure 8, as this is well
understood. This tension we purpose making by simple press tools
from thin sheet metal, and after piercing or shaping alternately bending
the divisional parts so as to form a groove for the cotton or thread to
lie in passing from the reel, as exhibited in Figure 1, marked L, to the
needle, which cotton is exhibited and defined by a red line. We have
not exhibited india-rubber in the groove a of the fly wheel, nor shown
how the same may be applied to the corresponding or driving wheel as
commonly set up in the stands of sewing machines when worked by foot
or on the driving gear when steam or other power is being used, as
we simply expand a ring of india-rubber over such grooves, as we require
the gut or cord to work over to effect the object desired, which is not
only to produce an elastic seat for the gut to ride on but to destroy and
deaden the objectionable noise attending the working of ordinary sewing
machines.
Having now given a general description of our improvements, and
the manner in which the same may be carried into effect, we wish
it understood that these several improvements may be considerably
diversified in shape and elaborately ornamented without departing from
the spirit of our Invention. And again, considerable modifications of
detail may be found essential in adapting and arranging our improve.
ments for various descriptions of work, and the means of putting such

page_text: 8
machines in work by foot or power motion. This will be better under-
stood by observing that the body E, with the covering exhibited in
section at Figure 1, marked s and t, and in a part end view at Figure 3,
may assume any other shape without affecting the working details of
our improvements. So also the arm F may be altered and modified and
the bed bar H may be arranged for taking any other shape of exterior
covering instead of the circular tubular form here exhibited.
With these general remarks we wish it understood that we claim as
improvements in sewing machines of our Invention and to be protected
under these our in part recited Letters Patent,-
Firstly. Actuating the shuttle bar by means of a cam or eccentric
groove formed around the exterior or periphery of the fly or main wheel,
as herein described and exhibited, without any regard to the manner of
making such wheel.
Secondly. We claim as an improvement the serrated and bent wheel
as exhibited at Figure 8, for retarding or affording tension to the thread
in connection with a spring or other equivalent means.
Thirdly. We claim the application to sewing machines of india-rubber
around the grooves in which the driving gut, cord, or band works for
giving motion to the same.
And, lastly. We claim the general combination as herein described and
exhibited.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Septimus Cockings and
Anthony Umbach, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
30
WILLIAM LOACH,
JAMES SEPTIMUS COCKINGS. (L.S.)
ANTHONY UMBACH.
Clerk to James S. Cockings,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
(L.S.)