A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SLABS, BLOCKS, AND OTHER OBJECTS IN HYDRAULIC MOSAIC MARBLE?
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lorentz Albert Groth K.G.V, Civil Engineer and
Managing Director of The Universal Inventors and Patentees Financial
Company Limited 30 Finsbury Pavement London E.C for an Invention of
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SLABS, BLOCKS, AND
OTHER OBJECTS IN HYDRAULIC MOSAIC MARBLE? communicated to him from
abroad by Simon Paul, a person resident at Bilbao, in the Kingdom of
Spain
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said, Lorentz Albert Groth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1883.
LORENTZ ALBERT: GROTH, K.G.V. Civil Engineer and Managing Director of
The Universal Inventors and Patentees Financial Company Limited, 30 Finsbury
Pavement London E.C. A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING
SLABS, BLOCKS, AND OTHER OBJECTS, IN HYDRAULIC MOSAIC MARBLE." a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Simon Paul a person' resident at Bilbao in the
Kingdom of Spain
The Hydraulic Mosaic marble paving slabs and other objects forming the subject
of the present invention are manufactured with small pieces of marble (or any
other stone of whatever color capable of being polished) and Portland cement and
sand,
The process pursued is as follows
The pieces of marble or stone are broken up by means of an iron steam crusher
and passed through an inclined revolving sieve or screen worked by the same steam
power, by which the dust is separated from the broken stone and fall respectively
into boxes suitably placed for the purpose. The pieces. that pass through the
screen are ready for use and the remainder are carried back and again put through
the crusher until the desired size is obtained.
This being done a paste or concrete of Portland cement is prepared separately
and according to colours required and in the proportion of about seventy parts of
stones to twenty five parts of Portland cement and five parts of white Marble dust
adding sufficient water

page_text: "
Having thus prepared the paste or concrete a cast iron mould is obtained either
square, exagonal, octogonal, rhomboidal or of whatever other shape intended for
the slab or other object.
This mould preferably to be made in three parts, top, frame, and bottom and to
be smeared by means of an ordinary brush with turpentine in order to prevent the
paste or concrete from sticking to the mould. Another mould which we will here
call the designer made of thin sheet iron and forming the intended design is then
placed within the cast iron mould and the spaces or divisions caused thereby are
filled with the prepared coloured pastes or concrete, placing the colours according
to pattern. The thickness of the paste or concrete thus placed should not exceed a
centimetre to a centimetre and a half
03
This being done the designer is carefully taken out to prevent the different
divisions that form the whole from mixing together, a slight shake is then given
to the mould so as to close any crevices left by the designer and so form one
block.
The mould is then filled up with Portland cement and sand in equal parts and
this forms the back of the slab. The top or cover of the mould is then smeared
with turpentine and placed upon the mould and the whole taken to an iron hand
or other press and submitted to a pressure of about 8000 Kilogrammes, and being
at once taken out of the press the mould is opened by first taking off the frame
and then the top, when the slab will remain resting on the bottom of the mould
It is afterwards placed on a suitable iron sheet and taken to a convenient place in
order to be gradually dried by the action of the air, six to eight days being 'about
the time required to give the paste the necessary solidity
.
"
"
>
When the slabs or other articles are perfectly dry and hard they are taken to a
steam apparatus having on its top a horizontal revolving disc, giving about
500 revolutions per minute, whereby and by means of sand and water gradually
poured on, the slabs &c are made smooth
Once the face of the articles are made smooth and the marble stones showing on
the surface, a coat of Portland cement and water is given for the purpose of filling
up the pores that have been formed by the air within the paste or concrete when
compressed, and this being done the articles are again dried and taken once more
to the facing machine where by means of very fine sand and water the articles
are made more smooth and polished and afterwards finished up by hand rubbing
with pumice stone.
+41
Although the mould and designer have been spoken of as being constructed with
iron, any other material suited for the purpose may be used in place thereof
The colour of the ground that is the Portland cement &c in the paste or concrete
for all objects made by this system can be prepared to fancy by mixing with the
"paste or concrete a small quantity of mineral colour, either blue, yellow, red, or in
fact any colour that may be desired
It will be readily seen that the designs and colours of the articles manufactured
may be varied exceedingly and that the process herein described is very useful and
comparatively easy in operation.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Lorentz Albert Groth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th December 1883.
LORENTZ, ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V. Civil Engineer and Managing Director of
the Universal Inventors and Patentees. Financial Company Limited, 30 Finsbury
Pavement, E.C. "A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING, SLABS,
BLOCKS, AND OTHER OBJECTS IN HYDRAULIC MOSAIC MARBLE." A communication
to me from abroad by Simon Paul a person resident at Bilbao in the Kingdom
of Spain.
The hydraulic mosaic marble paving slabs and other objects forming the subject
of this invention are manufactured with small pieces of marble (or any other
stone of whatever colour capable of being polished) and Portland cement and
sand.
The process pursued is as follows:
The pieces of marble or stone are broken up by means of an iron steam crusher
and passed through an inclined revolving sieve or screen worked by the same
steam power by which the dust is separated from the broken stone and falls
respectively into boxes suitably placed for the purpose:
The pieces that pass through the screen are ready for use and the remainder
are carried back and again put through the crusher until the desired size is
obtained.
:
This being done a paste or concrete of Portland cement is prepared separately
and according to colours required and in the proportion of about seventy parts of
stones to twenty five parts of Portland Cement and five parts of white Marble dust
adding sufficient water.. :
.
Having thus prepared the paste or concrete a cast iron mould is obtained either
square hexagonal, octogonal, rhomboidal or of whatever other shape intended for
the slab or other object.
This mould preferably to be made in three parts, top, frame, and bottom and to
be smeared by means of an ordinary brush with turpentine in order to prevent the
paste from sticking to the mould..
Another mould which we will here call. the designer made of thin sheet iron and
forming the intended design is then placed within the cast iron mould and the
spaces or divisions caused thereby are filled with the prepared coloured pastes or
concrete placing the colours according to pattern.
The thickness of the paste or concrete thus placed should not exceed a centimetre
to a centimetre and a half. This being done the designer is carefully taken out
to prevent the different divisions that form the whole, from mixing together,'a
slight shake is then given. to the mould, so as to close any crevices left by the
designer and so form one block.
The mould is then filled up with Portland Cement and sand in equal parts and
this forms the back of the slab.
The top or cover of the mould is then smeared with turpentine and placed upon
the mould and the whole taken to an iron hand or other press and submitted to
a pressure of about 8.000 Kilogrammes and, being at once taken out of the press
the mould is opened by first taking off the frame, and then the top, when the slab
will remain resting on the bottom of the mould...
い
:
It is afterwards placed on a suitable iron sheet and taken to arconvenient places

page_text: in order to be gradually dried by the action of the air, six to eight days being
about the time required to give the paste or concrete the necessary solidity.
When the slabs or other articles are perfectly dry and hard they are taken to
a steam apparatus having on its top a horizontal revolving disc giving about
500 revolutions per minute, whereby and by means of sand and water gradually
poured on, the slabs &c are made smooth.
Once the face of the articles are imade smooth and the marble stones, showing
on the surface, a coat of Portland cement and water is given for the purpose of
filling up the pores that have been formed by the air within the paste or concrete
when compressed and this being done the articles are again dried and taken out
once more to the facing machine where by the means of very fine sand and water
the face of the article is made more smooth & polished and afterwards finished, up
by. hand rubbing with pumice stone.
Although the mould and designer have been spoken of as being constructed
in iron, any other material suited for the purpose may be used in place thereof.
The colour of the ground that is to say of the Portland Cement &c in the pasté
or concrete for all objects made by this system can be prepared to fancy by mixing
with the paste or concrete a small quantity of mineral colour, either blue, yellow
or in fact any colour that may be desired.
It will be readily seen that the designs and colours of the articles manufactured
may be varied exceedingly and that the method herein described is very useful and
comparatively easy in operation.
The drawings herewith accompanied illustrate some of the forms and designs of
goods as manufactured after the present invention.
The same sort of Paste or concrete is used for the manufacture of Mosaic marble
in the form of baths, columns, banisters, window sills, and slabs of great dimensions
or any other bulky, object in a like manner viz;
The paste being prepared the moulds are made of Portland Cement and in two
or more pieces for round or ovoid objects, for flat objects the moulds are formed by
a large marble slab serving as a bottom, upon which the sides (which can be made
of chalk or cement) are placed, and in this shape or form the intended object is to
be produced. A coating of soap and water is then given to this box or mould to
prevent the paste or concrete sticking to it.
The paste or concrete then being placed inside the mould and suitably pressed
as aforesaid,
For plain or flat objects with initials, borders &c. the designer or designing
mould is also made of thin sheet metal bearing the impress of the initial, border &c
and which is smeared with turpentine to prevent the paste from sticking to it, and
it is then placed within the main box or mould.
The spaces are then filled up with the pastes as per colours desired and pressure
then applied.
↓
The iron designer is then carefully taken out and any crevices left by the
removal thereof are filled with cement and allowed to dry until sufficiently
hardened, when the article is taken out of the mould and afterwards faced by
hand with pumice stone, or if too large for hand work a grind stone is used or
by means of a steam lathe if round or handy, the goods afterwards to be polished
up in the usual way by marble dust.
If when grinding or refining there are any small holes caused by bubbles of air
contained in the paste they are to be filled up with a little Portland Cement and
water and when dry to be refined with pumice stone as above.
The colour of the ground that is to say of the Cement paste or concrete for all
objects made by this system can be prepared to buyers fancy, or order, by mixing
with the paste a small quantity of mineral colour, blue, yellow, red, or any other
colour as aforesaid, the design and pattern likewise being changed at pleasure
according to requirements."
$ 46

page_text: Having now described the nature of my said invention and the manner in
which the same is to or may be carried into effect, I would have it understood
that what I claim is:
The process herein described for the manufacturing of slabs, blocks and other
objects in Hydraulic Mosaic marble, substantially as specified.]
In witness whereof I the said Lorentz Albert Groth have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Fifteenth day of December in the year of our Lord, one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three
AT DUDT CROTH
TARTARZ
(19)
LON
HENRY ALDERT GROTH
(LS)