CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Mac Naught, of Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES.'
Sealed the 19th June 1855, and dated the 22nd March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mac Naught at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1855.
I, WILLIAM MAC NAUGHT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
to be as follows:-
My improvements apply to any or all spinning machinery wherein the
spindles are driven by bands proceeding from horizontal drums placed at right.
angles to the said spindles.
Hitherto such driving bands have been passed direct from the drum to the
wharves or pullies upon the spindles. My Invention consists in passing
the driving bands from the horizontal driving drum, crossed over small
intermediate shaft or drum, which will have the effect of retaining the driving

page_text: band in nearly a horizontal line upon the wharves of the spindles, and con-
siderably diminish the friction upon the grooved sides of the wharves, in
consequence of the band being thus kept in the deepest part of the groove
in the wharve or pulley.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Mac Naught in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd September 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MAC NAUGHT, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Mac Naught, Her especial license that I, the said William Mac
Naught, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Mac Naught, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Mac Naught, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Mac Naught, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say)
:-
These improvements apply to any or all spinning machinery wherein the
spindles are driven by bands proceeding from horizontal drums placed at right
angles to the said spindles. Hitherto such driving bands have been passed
direct from the drum to the wharves or pullies upon the spindles. This Inven-

page_text: tion consists in passing the driving bands from the horizontal, driving drum,
crossed over a small intermediate shaft or drum, which will have the effect of.
retaining the driving band in nearly a horizontal line upon the wharves of the
spindles, and considerably diminish the friction upon the grooved sides of the
wharves, in consequence of the band being thus kept in the deepest part of
the groove in the wharve or pully.
But in order that this Invention may be. better understood and explained in
detail, I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawing, made upon a scale of
about three inches to the foot, and having marked on the several. Figures.
similar letters, of reference, and upon corresponding parts of the machine
or apparatus. Fig. 1 exhibits a transverse sectional elevation of a metal
framing of a common "throstle," having mounted thereon the ordinary hori-
zontal driving drum and spindles with wharves, or pullies. Two methods
are illustrated, in thus putting my improvement into effect. The first.
method, on the left-hand side of the Figure, illustrates the employment of,
but one auxiliary revolving shaft or drum; the method on the right-hand
side of the Figure exhibits the employment of more than one auxiliary
and revolving shaft or drum. a represents the longitudinal driving drum,
placed at right angles to the spindles b,b; c is the endless driving strap
or band, which, passing over and under the driving pulley, and in contact
therewith, communicates motion to the spindles through their wharves or
pullies d, d. It will now be observed, that should the driving band or strap c
be allowed to pass directly from the large driving drum a to the wharve d of
the spindle, the angle. of divergence- consequent upon the diameter of the
driving drum would be considerably restricted or diminished by causing the
two sides of the angle to diverge to some lesser diameter (horizontal or nearly
so with the wharve) between the driving drum and the wharve or pulley than
the original diameter of the driving drum, by this means lessening the
angle of divergence at its bearing point upon the wharve; that is, the driving
strap or cord should present as acute an angle in the encirclement of the
wharve as is consistent with the convenient working and appropriate arrange-
ment of the driving strap or band; and in the same space as at present occupied
for similar purposes much friction is avoided which is at present incurred.
The desired contraction of the angle of divergence, as before described, is
effected in the first method, described as appertaining to Fig. 1, by causing
the driving band or cord c to pass in an opposed direction above and below the
small intermediate shaft or drum in its passage to the spindle b. In the
second method, the same end may be obtained by the employment of two
revolving shafts or drums f,f, between which the driving strap or band passes

page_text: to the spindle, the end of the revolving shaft or drums being made adjustable,
so as to render the contraction or tension of the driving band easily regulated
at will. Fig. 2 represents a third arrangement by which this improvement
is effected, the opposite spindles of the frame being driven from different
horizontal levels. a represents the main driving drum, and e, e, the interme-
diate small shafts or drums over one of which the driving strap or band c
passes and under the other. On reference to the Drawing it will be seen
that in both cases the driving band c acts upon the wharves d, d, at a very
acute angle, or nearly horizontally, the driving band being retained in such
position by the intermediate revolving shafts or drums, and occupying only the
deepest part of the groove in the wharve or pulley.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I
claim the novel application, employment, and use of auxiliary revolving shafts
or drums placed between the ordinary longitudinal driving drum and the
spindles of spinning machinery, for the purpose of lessening the friction of the
driving band or cord upon the wharve of the spindle, as herein particularly
described and set forth, and fully illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Mac Naught, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-five.
WILLIAM MC NAUGHT. (L.B.)