CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND CONTAINING SODA WATER, AND OTHER GASEOUS LIQUIDS, AND ALSO IN PRESERVING OTHER SUBSTANCES FROM EVAPORATION
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GABRIEL
DIDIER FEVRE, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of February,
in the fourteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and succes-
sors, give and grant unto me, the said Gabriel Didier Fèvre, Her especial
license, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Gabriel Didier Fèvre,
my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Gabriel
Didier Fèvre, my exors, admors, and assigns, and should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, within the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and
also within Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND CONTAINING SODA
WATER, AND OTHER GASEOUS LIQUIDS, AND ALSO IN PRESERVING OTHER SUBSTANCES
FROM EVAPORATION;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
obliging me, the said Gabriel Didier Fèvre, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to causo
the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Gabriel Didier Fèvre, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are described and
ascertained by the following description, and the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and forming part hereof; my Invention having for its object the production
of articles of a superior nature to those now in use of a similar class, and
at a more economical cost.
My aerating apparatus is composed of a large globe A (Figure 1), and of
a smaller globe or vessel B, fitted with a tube similar to C, C¹, or C", and a
tapered tube D; these four parts may be made of glass, crystal, gritstone,
gutta percha, or other material capable of resisting the action of the acids
employed. At the neck of the globe A is fitted a pewter collar having a
stop-cock E attached. The vessel B is supported on a metal stand F, or of
gritstone, chinaware, or any suitable substance.
The tube C may be made in one piece, open on one side, and closed on the
other by a small plate C, of gutta-percha, or any metal or substance resisting
the action of acids; the tube is pierced with small holes from the interior to
the exterior; it may be formed of two pieces united by a cylinder or circle of
an acid-proof substance, also pierced with small holes from the inside out-
wards, as at C, or C". To work the apparatus the globe A is nearly filled
with the effervescing liquid, the tube C is then fitted, and is filled with water,
the effervescing powders (carbonate, and an acid or acid salt) are thrown into
the vessel B, and the tube D is inserted, its length being proportioned to the
shape and capacity of the vessel B and the quantity of water contained in
the tube C, so that the extremity of this tube D may always be above the
water wetting the powders, whether the apparatus be upright or inclined. The
vessel B is then placed bottom upwards, and the tube D prevents the powders
from escaping; the vessel B is screwed on to the globe A, and the apparatus
is turned as in Figure 1; the water of the tube C falls on the powders, and
gas is formed which effervesces the upper liquid in passing through the small
holes in the circumference of the tube C. The acid or acid sulphate may
also be placed in the tube C and the carbonate and water in the vessel B, or
the acid and water in the vessel B and the carbonate in the tube C. When
the nature of the acid requires it; the junction of each globe or vessel is made

page_text: with a tube of gutta-percha or of any substance acid proof. Each of the
two vessels is covered with a net work of wire, cane, or other suitable mate-
rial. The two tubes C and D may be reduced to a single one fitting on to
the smaller vessel B; this tube may have various shapes, and project into the
large vessel, which is nearly filled, so that in placing the apparatus upright
enough water drops from the globe and through the tube (which is then open
at both ends) to wet the powders; the tube is made to enter into the smaller
vessel, so that the gas obstructed by a certain body of water only finds issue
through the small holes of a plate which surrounds the tube. A very
different arrangement may also be given to the apparatus, the stop-cock may
communicate with a fixed tube h, h', which descends to nearly the bottom of
the globe.
.
To work the apparatus the globe A is nearly filled, and the tube C is fitted
and filled with water; the powders are thrown into the vessel B, and the tube
D is fitted to it; the small vessel is now screwed on to the large one, and the
apparatus is for one moment turned upside down, to cause the water from the
tube C to drop on to the powders, when the apparatus may be returned to its
proper position. The apparatus may also be made in one piece, (Figure 3)
of glass or crystal, then in using it it is turned upside down; the large vessel A
being nearly filled a sieve is lowered into the vessel B, by means of the rod d,
which fits on to it; this sieve is fitted with holes sufficiently small to allow the
liquid to pass when the apparatus is inclined, and not to let it pass when the
apparatus is upright.
The powders are thrown on to the sieve and the small globe is closed with
the stopper F composed of a ring of vulcanized india-rubber. The apparatus
is then turned and held inclined till the powders be sufficiently wetted. Tho
aerator may be also composed, first, of a large bottle A (Figure 4); secondly,
of an air box C soldered to the bottom of the large bottle in manufacturing
it; third, of a small bottle B, which is also soldered on the great one, and at
the neck of which is adapted a pewter collar having a turn of a screw cut on
it; fourth, of a headpiece D, which is composed of a tube m of pewter,
glass, crystal, gutta percha, secured by a screw, and may be replaced by a
stop-cock n; connected with a screw with thumb pieces, o, o, q, q, is a ring of
india-rubber. The two bottles are covered with a network of wire, cane, or
other suitable substance. In working the apparatus the large bottle A is
completely filled with water, it is closed with the rod stopper r, and is turned
upside down to make the water fall which is above the stopper; the effervescing
powders are then introduced into the small bottle by means of a funnel which
prevents their adhering to the collar, at the same time the stopper hinders

page_text: their entering the large bottle; the rod stopper and funnel are then drawn
out, and the tube m is introduced into the apparatus; the screw with ears is
then tightened till the ring of india-rubber be sufficiently pressed between
the top of the neck of the bottle and a plate of pewter soldered to the tube.
The apparatus is then laid flat for a few seconds to wet the powders, and is
afterwards set upright. The gas is produced and penetrates the liquid of
the large bottle in passing between the neck of the bottle and the tube m..
When a pressure is made on the piston the effervescing water ascends by the
tube. The ears may be avoided by making the piston moveable round the
tube, and the ring of india-rubber, which is subject to give a taste to the water,
may be avoided by placing under the plate (Figure 7). a certain kind of.
packing in which a circle of india-rubber prepared with grease is made to
enter first. The circle of leather is pressed against the top of the collar
adapted to the neck of the small bottle, and thus the water cannot come in
contact with the screw threads. The aerator may also be composed of a
simple bottle when it is to receive tartrate of soda or citrate of soda.
In using this apparatus the bottle is nearly filled, and the two powders by,
carbonate of soda and tartaric acid, or citric acid, are thrown in it through a
small funnel, it is then stopped with a cork kept fast by a tightening stopper.
The tightening stopper (Figure 5) is composed of a collar t which is passed
round the neck of the bottle, where it is tightened by a screw k. u is a hook.
and va chain which is passed over the cork in pressing it strongly, and hooks.
on to the cork by means of a cork of hard wood (Figure 6), of which the head.
is square and solid, the lower part round and hollow and of slight thickness;
the interior of the neck of the bottle must then be roughened and the cork
steeped in stearic acid or in a similar liquid, or it may be closed by a stopper.
of natural or artificial india-rubber secured to a screw and provided with a.
cock; the wood stopper may also bear a cock, or it may be effected by. means,
of the head piece.(Fig. 8); in this caso, after having nearly filled the bottle, the
bicarbonate-of-soda-is-only-thrown-in,-the-tartaric-or-citric-acid-is-placed-in-
the. reservoir a, and the headpiece is fitted to the bottle. tightened by means
of screws, as in Figure 7; the bottle is turned upside down for a moment and
slaken to make the acid fall; when it is placed upright, to cause. the water to
flow out, the bottle is inverted and the piston pressed.'
Having now particularly. described and ascertained. my: said Invention by
the foregoing description, I declare that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details which I have described; but what I consider to be novel. and.original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before recited.
Letters Patent, is,

page_text: First, the arrangement of the parts (in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4), by means of
which the gas is only produced when the apparatus is closed air-tight.
Second, the arrangement of the tubes, Figures 1 and 2, by means of which
the powders or effervescing substances can never enter the drinking liquid
whether the apparatus be upright or laid flat, or inverted; also the method of
wetting the powders with water, even though the liquid to be drunk is wine
or any other liquid.
Third, the use of a simple opening in communication with the passage of
the cock, in place of the screw and nut at the junction of the two vessels,
herein-before described with reference to Figure 3.
Fourth, the use of the sieve with small holes, allowing the water only to
fall when the apparatus is inclined.
Fifth, the arrangement herein-before described of the two vessels, and of
the air chest (Figure 4), and of the three systems of corking therein used.
Sixth, the application and use of the tightening stopper (Figure 5), the
stopper of hard wood, Figure 6, and the cap or headpiece, Figure 8.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gabriel Didier Fèvre, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
GABRIEL DIDIER (L.8.) FEVRE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Gabriel Didier Fèvre came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.