Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1887.
Complete Left, 12th Sept., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 14th Oct., 1887
[Communicated from abroad by JOHN ILLINGWORTH, of 58, Park Place, Newark,
New Jersey, United States of America, Steel Manufacturer.]
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lako & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to reduce the cost of manufacturing steel ingots by
facilitating the process thereof, and to prevent the ingot from piping and to avoid the
wasto resulting therefrom.
The invention consists in the process of manufacturing ingots and in the
arrangements and combinations of parts, substantially as hereinafter set forth.
In carrying my said invention into practice I provide a bottomless mould suspended
by a suitable bed or arm over a perforated plate or other suitable fulcrum and a pit
or chamber. An opening or space is provided between the lower end of the mould
and the said plate to allow play for the grasping arms hereinafter described.
The opposite walls of the mould are vertically parallel, or at least the mould
chamber is no larger at or toward the upper end than at or toward the lower end, so
that said walls do not present to the lowered ingot any such resistance as would be
presented by walls contracting toward the lower end.
By this means but little, if any, extraneous weight or power is required to lower
the hardening or hardened ingot.
I am aware that a bottomless mould, rolls, and severing devices have been used in
combination in the manufacture of wire rods, but the said mould was provided with
sides which contracted toward the bottom, somewhat in the manner of the sides of a
funnel, so that if applied in the manufacture of heavy ingots, it would be practically
inoperative.
The perforation or opening in the said plate lies vertically in line with the mould.
chamber, so that as the ingot passes down from said chamber it may pass through
said perforation into the mould chamber.

page_text: Working in the space above the perforated plate, is a dog or clamp adapted to
grasp the ingot and draw it down through said perforation.
The dog or clamp may be operated by means of clutching, clamping, or biting
sections, of the dog, having apertures to receive the ingot, and supported on springs
which serve to hold the sections in position to engage the ingot prior to clutching the
same and drawing it downward.
The sections of the dog, clamp or clutch are caused to clamp or clutch the ingot
prior to this downward action by suitable mechanism, but preferably by forked arms
provided with inclines which embrace or engage the end sections, provided preferably
with corresponding inclines, and cause them to come together or move toward one
another and thus grasp the ingot lying between.
The sections of said dog or clamp are preferably held together by guide bolts,
and when the arms are raised the sections are automatically separated by recessed
springs.
The arms
are connected to a hydraulic crane of any ordinary or peculiar
construction, the mere weight of which applied at the desired moment, causes the
arms to descend and the sections to clutch the ingot, and draw the same down until it
is stopped by the floor, or a stop which may be so constructed as to be readily raised
or lowered, thus stopping the ingot at a longer or shorter distance from a fulerum-
bearing.
The said plate, is preferably seperable from the fulcrum-plate, and secured to it by
bolts or in any other suitable manner, and is made preferably of chilled iron or
hardened steel to successfully sustain, withstand, or resist, the wear occasioned in the
process of breaking off the ingot, hereinafter described.
An ordinary ingot or a block, preferably one with a dovetailed formation at the
top, is inserted in the bottom of the mould to prevent the liquid metal from flowing
away, after which a casting is poured, partly filling the mould, and allowed to cool
slightly and form a crust or shell at the sides of the mould, then another casting is
poured on top of the first, and after that has cooled sufficiently, the crane is allowed
to drop by its own weight carrying with it the arins which engage with the dog and
clamp it fast to said ingot or the block first inserted.
The ingot is carried down until stopped. A chain is then attached to the ingot or
at the block or plug, by means of clamp-tongs or other suitable clutch or tie. The
chain passes over a sheave or pulley and is attached to the hydraulic crane, which
is then raised and by the power thus exerted breaks off the ingot at the
fulcrum-plate.
After again lowering the ingot, the chamber, formed in the mould thereby is filled
with liquid metal which becomes integrally joined to the metal still liquid in the body
of the casting or ingot, this last casting is allowed to stand a moment until the outer
portion is chilled, when the lowering and breaking off process is repeated, and as often
as may be desired..
By the operation thus described, solid ingots, free from defects, such as pipes, are
produced, the upper core of the ingot ever remaining liquid, the ingot where it
engages the mould not being moved until it bas set, and when in position 'to be
broken off being sufficiently solid to prevent flowing at the core, and yet not so hard
as to take excessive strain in the breaking process.
I do not limit myself to the use of a hydraulic crane in breaking off the 'ingot, às
other ordinary mechanical means may be employed for the process.
Dated this 14th day of January 1887
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Metal Ingots and in
Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co. Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to reduce the cost of manufacturing steel ingots by
facilitating the process thereof, and to prevent the ingot from piping and to avoid the
waste resulting therefrom.
The invention consists in the process of manufacturing ingots and in the arrange-
ments and combinations of parts, substantially as hereinafter set forth.
Referring to the accompanying drawing in which like letters indicate corresponding
parts in each of the several figures, Fig. 1, sheet 1, is an elevation of my improved
mould and co-operating mechanism, Fig. 2, sheet 2, is a sectional view of the mould
taken through line X, Fig. 1, Fig. 3, is a face view of an arm for operating a clamp,
Fig. 4. is a plan view of a certain clamp for lowering the ingot, Fig. 5 is an inside
elevation or edge view of one of the said sections of clamp. Fig. 6, is a sectional
view of said clamp through line Y. Fig. 4, and Fig. 7, is a side elevation of a grip
or tongs, whereby a chain may be attached to the bottom of the ingot.
In said drawing A, indicates a bottomless mould suspended by a suitable bed or
arm B, over a perforated plate or other suitable fulerum C. and a pit or chamber D. an
opening or space E, being provided between the lower end of the mould and the said
plate C. to allow play for the grasping arms hereinafter described.
The opposite walls of the mold A. are vertically parallel, or at least the mold
chamber is no larger at or toward the upper end than at or toward the lower end so
that said walls do not present to the lowered ingot any such resistance as would be
presented by walls contracting toward the lower end.
By this means but little if any extraneous weight or power is required to lower the
hardening or hardened ingot.
I am aware that a bottomless inold, rolls, and severing devices have been used in
combination in the manufacture of wire rods, but the said mould was provided with
sides which contracted toward the bottom, somewhat in the manner of the sides of a
funnel so that if applied in the manufacture of heavy ingots, it would be practically
inoperative.
The perforation or opening F, in the said plate C, lies vertically in line with the
mold chamber so that as the ingot passes down from said chamber it may pass through
said perforation into the said chamber D.
Working in the space E, above the perforated plate, is a dog or clamp C³, adapted
to grasp the ingot and draw it down through said perforation.
One construction and mode of operating the dog or clamp is indicated in the

page_text: drawing, in which C", C", are the clutching, clamping or biting sections of the dog,
having apertures C to receive the ingot, and supported on springs G, G, which serve
to hold the sections in position to engage the ingot prior to clutching the same and
drawing it downward.
The sections of the dog, clamp or clutch are caused to clamp or clutch the ingot
prior to this downward action by suitable mechanism but preferably by forked
arms H, H, provided with inclines I, I, which embrace or engage the end sections, C",
provided preferably with corresponding inclines J, J, and cause them to come together
or move toward one another as indicated in Fig. 6, and thus grasp the ingot lying
between.
The sections of said dog or clamp C', are preferably held together by guide
bolts T, and when the arms H, H, are raised the sections are automatically seperated
by the recessed springs S, as will be understool.
The arms H, H, are connected to a hydraulic crane M, of any ordinary or peculiar
,construction, the mere weight of which applied at the desired moment, causes the
arms H, H, to descend and the sections C, C", to clutch the ingot and draw the
same down until it is stopped by the floor or a stop N, which be so constructed
as to be readily raised or lowered, thus stopping the ingot at a longer or shorter
distance from the fulcrum or plate O.
may
The said plate O, is preferably seperable from the fulcrum plate C, and secured to
it by holls or in any other suitable manner, and is made preferably of chilled iron or
hardened steel to successfully sustain, withstand or resist the wear occasioned in the
process of breaking off the ingot, hereinafter described.
An ordinary ingot or a block, preferably one with a dovetailed formation at the top,
is inserted in the bottom of the mold A, to prevent the liquid metal from flowing
away, after which a casting is poured parily filling the mold, and allowed to cool
slightly and form a crust or shell at the sides of the mold, then another casting is
poured on top of the first, and after that has cooled sufficiently, the crane is
allowed to drop by its own weight carrying with it the arms H, H, which engage
with the dog C, and clamp it fast to said ingot or the block first inserted.
The ingot is carried down until stopped by the plate N. A chain P, is then attached
to the lower end of the ingot or at the first, the block or plug, by means of clamp-
tongs or other suitable clutch or tie. The chain passes over the sheave or pulley R,
and is attached to the hydraulic crane, which is then raised and by the power thus
exerted breaks off the ingot at the fulcrum plate O.
After again lowering the ingot, the chamber, formed in the mould thereby is filled
with liquid metal which becomes integrally joined to the metal still liquid in the body
of the casting or ingot, this last casting is allowed to stand a moment until the outer
portion is chilled, when the lowering and breaking off process is repeated, and as often
as may be desired.
By the operation thus described, solid ingots, free from defects, such as pipes aro
produced, the upper core of the ingot ever remaining liquid, the ingot where it
engages the mould not being moved until it has set, and when in position to be broken
off being sufficiently solid to prevent flowing at the core, and yet not so hard as to
take excessive strain in the breaking process.
I do not limit myself to the use of a hydraulic crane in breaking off the ingot, as
other ordinary mechanical means may be employed for the process, nor to the
proportions and arrangements of parts shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be perforined, as communicated to me by my
foreign Correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The process of casting ingots herein described, which consists essentially in
casting a portion of the ingot, allowing the outer part engaging the mold, to chill or
harden, then draw the ingot downward to form a receptacle for a second casting and
finally casting, said second casting while the core of the first casting is still liquid;
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 2. The process of casting ingots herein described which consists essentially in
intermittently casting cooling and lowering the ingot substantially as set forth.
3. The process of casting a continuous ingot to wit:-Casting in a mould of which
the ingot forms the bottom, and alternately with said casting process drawing the
ingot downward, the drawing and casting process being intermittent, substantially as
set forth.
4. The process of casting ingots which consists essentially in filling the mould
partially with metal then making a second casting filling the mould, then drawing the
ingot down the length desired then pouring thereon a third casting and drawing
the ingot to the floor or stop and breaking off a portion of the ingot and casting at
the top a fourth casting substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
5. In combination, a bottomless mould and means substantially such as described
for drawing an ingot therethrough and breaking it off, substantially as set forth.
6. In combination, a bottomless mould, a fulcrumal bearing formed thereunder,
mechanism substantially as described for lowering the ingot in the mold and means
substantially as described for breaking off or removing the lower and cooled
extremity of the ingot, substantially as set forth and shown.
7. In combination in an ingot mould, a bottomless mold A, plate or bearing C,
flooring or stop N, and a crane and means attached to said crane for lowering the
ingot and breaking the same off, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
8. In combination with a bottomless mould, weighted arms H, H, having
inclines I, I, and clutch or dog sections having co-operating inclines J, J, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
9. In combination with a bottomless mould, a clutch or dog for lowering the ingot
intermittently and means for removing the lowered portion of the ingot, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
10. In combination with a bottomless mould, a plate C, provided with a removable
or seperable bearing plato O, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
11. In combination with a bottomless mould, a clamp, clutch or dog arranged
beneath said mold, having vertically moving sections C, C, and means substantially
as described to cause said sections to engage the ingot in their downward course and
seperate from holding relation to said ingot in their upward course, substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
12. In combination with a mould, a clamp having sections C", (", seperable from
one another and provided with springs S, and bolts T, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
13. In combination, an elevated and bottomless ingot mold having a chamber non-
contracting toward the lower end sides whereby no resistance, such as would be
presented by sides contracting toward the bottom of the chamber, will be presented
to the lowering metal, and means for lowering the ingot so that its lower extremity or
portion projects through the lower end of the mold and means for severing the down-
wardly projecting metal from the upper portion of the ingot, substantially as
set forth.
14. An elevated bottomless mould having a chamber therein no smaller at the
bottom than at the top thereof, a bearing as at O, against which the ingot may rest
while the downwardly projecting portion is being severed from the upper portion of
said ingot and suitablo means for severing said projecting portion from the said upper
portion, said parts being arranged and combined substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
15. In combination with a bottomless mould having a chamber therein with parallel
sides or sides non-contracting toward the lower end, a clutch lying thereunder for
lowering the ingot intermittently, and means for severing the lower portion, arranged
below said clutch, substantially as set forth.
16. In combination, a bottomless inould with a chamber therein with sides as wide
t or toward the bottom as at or toward the top and means for lowering the ingot
hrough said mold and severing the lower projecting portion intermittently, sub-
stantially as set forth..

page_text: 17. In combination with a bottomless mould, a clutch consisting essentially of
sections C, C, supported on springs, and adapted to be seperated automatically, and
arms H, to cause said sections to close against or bite the ingot prior to lowering said
ingot, substantially as set forth.
18. In combination with a bottomless mould, a crane and a dog or clutch operated
by said crane for lowering the ingot through the bottom of the mold, substantially as
set forth.
19. In combination with a bottomless mold, a crane and mechanism operated
thereby for lowering the ingot through the hottom of the mold and means for severing
the lower end of the ingot from the upper portion thereof, substantially as set forth.
20. In combination with a bottomless mould, a lowering device consisting
essentially of a crane and a clutch or dog operated thereby for grasping and drawing
the metal downward, substantially as set forth.
21. In combination with a bottomless mould, a clutch and means for operating the
same, said clutch working intermittently substantially as set forth.
22. In combination with a bottomless mould, a clutch and means for operating the
the same intermittently and a severing mechanism for removing the lower end of
the ingot, substantially as set forth.
23. In combination with a bottomless mould, a clutch and a chain or its equivalent,
and a crane, said clutch and chain being connected with said crane whereby the ingot
may be lowered by the downward motion of the crane and the lowered end of the
ingot be broken off by the upward movement of the same, substantially as set forth.
24. In combination with a bottomless mould, a crane a clutch connected with said
crane and adapted to clamp, clutch or bite the ingot in the descent of the said crane
and carry said ingot downward and springs such as S, to seperate the jaws of the dog
when the power of the crane is removed from the dog or clutch in the upward move-
ment thereof, substantially as set forth.
25. In combination with an elevated mould with a chamber with parallel sides
therein, a crane, sections having inelines an arm connected with said crane provided
with forks to engage said inclines, said parts being arranged and adapted to operate,
to clutch or bite and lower the ingot through the mold, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
26. In combination with an elevated mould, having a space, as E, thereunder and a
vertically-moving clutch, as C, arranged to operate in said space to lower the ingot
intermittently and suitable means substantially such as described for severing the
lowered extremity of the ingot, substantially as set forth.
1007