IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON, ESSENTIAL, AND MINERAL OILS, ALCOHOL, ETHER, TURPENTINE, AND OTHER SPIRITS, ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE OILS, AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Beioley Vallance, of 5, Hanover Terrace,
Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex, for
Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON, ESSENTIAL, AND
MINERAL OILS, ALCOHOL, ETHER, TURPENTINE, AND OTHER SPIRITS, ANIMAL
AND VEGETABLE OILS, AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS."-A Communication
from abroad by Louis Auguste Chobert, residing at Nanterre, Seine,
France.
Sealed the 14th January 1868, and dated the 16th July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Beioley Vallance
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1867.
I, FREDERICK BEIOLEY VALLANCE, of 5, Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON, ESSENTIAL,
MINERAL OILS, ALCOHOL, ETHER, TURPENTINE, AND OTHER SPIRITS, ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE OILS, AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS," a communication to me
from Louis Auguste Chobert, a person resident at Nanterre, Seine, France,
to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the rendering of lamps for burning
hydrocarbon, essential, and mineral oils, alcohol, ether, turpentine, and other
spirits, anima and vegetable oils, and other inflammable liquids. entirely
[Price 8d.]

page_text: mexprosiore, and my improvements consist chiefly in the means by which I
effect this object. I divide the chamber in which the liquid to be burned is
placed into two compartments by means of a partition; one of these com-
partments contains only the oil to be burned; I herein-after call this com
partment the reservoir, and the hollow chamber I call the chamber of
vaporization; the reservoir is by means of the partition cut off entirely from
the external air. The partition is cut away so as to admit through the opening
thus made a metallic gauze, cotton, asbestos, or other mesh-like supply wick,
the diameter of which corresponds exactly with that of the opening so as to
closely fit the same; by this mesh-like contrivance or mesh work, which I
shall herein-after call the supply wick, the liquid necessary to supply the flame
is raised by capillary action from the reservoir, the wick being so proportioned
that only the quantity requisite for that purpose is raised. The supply wick
can be continued upwards through the chamber of vaporization, and used as the
combustion wick, or can be carried only far enough to supply the liquid to the
combustion wick instead of the supply wick being a mesh work of metallic gauze,
cotton, or asbestos, any porous material that can be cut or turned or that can be
pressed or moulded into the form desired, and by which at the same time the
capillary action may be ensured may be substituted and used, or any combi-
nation of porous and metallic substances: or I may make the supply wick of
a glass, China, or metallic tube filled with porous substances or metallic sub-
stances so arranged either alone or in combination as to ensure capillary action.
I may make the partition (dividing the lamp into two compartments) of metal,
of compressed coal, coke, animal or vegetable charcoal, of wood, cane, or other
fibrous substances, compressed peat, pumicestone. or other porous stone, or
of cotton, asbestos, sponge, felt, or any other material which when compressed
would form a sufficiently hard, durable, but at the same time porous plate for
the partition, or of any material or compound material, which would when
placed between two perforated metal plates form a porous partition: I may
make the partition and the substitute for the mesh work (supply wick) in one
piece if found desirable, but where I use the porous partition the mesh work
supply wick will not in most cases be found necessary, but the combustion
wick will rest upon the partition in the vaporization chamber. Instead of one
opening through the partition as herein-above described for the reception of
the supply wick or its substitute of porous material several openings may be
made and used in a similar manner. The partition is provided also with two
other apertures opening from the reservoir into the vaporization chamber, and
each such aperture is furnished with a conical valve and seating the spindle
of one valve is provided at its lower end with a spring by means of which the

page_text: valve is rendered self-closing, and thus the liquid is prevented from escaping.
The spindle passes through the vaporization chamber and through the shell or
outer case of lamp, where it is provided at its exterior extremity with a button.
The spindle of the valve just described is provided with an arm or small plate
carrying the spindle of second valve, so that by pressure on the external
button or by the action of the spring both valves are simultaneously operated;
one valve serves for the admission of the liquid into and the other for the
escape of the air from the reservoir. In some cases one valve will be found
sufficient for both purposes, and one valve aperture only therefore is needed in
the partition, and in other cases I may prefer to increase the number of valves.
As the contents of lamps thus constructed with the partition and valve
arrangement cannot be spilled or escape I am enabled to dispense with
the screwing at the head or cover of lamp and substitute therefor a conical or
taper fit.
I may in some cases construct lamps with two or more partitions so as to
form extra reservoirs, which will enable me to burn two or more kinds of spirits
or oils conjointly.
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Beioley Vallance in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 16th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
BEIOLEY VALLANCE, of 5, Hanover Terrace, Regent's Park, in the County
of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Frederick Beioley Vallance, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick
Beioley Vallance, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
1, the said Frederick Beioley Vallance, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING HYDROCARBON, ESSENTIAL, AND MINERAL
OILS, ALCOHOL, ETHER, TURPENTINE, AND OTHER SPIRITS, ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE

page_text: OILS, AND OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS," a communication to me from abroad by
Louis August Chobert, a person resident at Nanterre, Seine, France, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Beioley Vallance, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Beioley Vallance, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My Invention has for its object the rendering of lamps for burning hydro-
carbon, essential, and mineral oils, alcohol, ether, turpentine, and other spirits,
animal and vegetable oils, and other inflammable liquids entirely inexplosible,"
and my improvements consist chiefly in the means by which I effect this
object.
In order that the nature of my said Invention, and the means by which the
same is effected, may be more particularly described and ascertained, I to this
Specification append a Sheet of Drawings having figures and letters of reference
marked thereupon, the like letter being used to denote a similar or correspond-
ing part in each Figure.
By reference to the Drawing it will be seen that I divide the chamber
in which the liquid to be burned is placed into two compartments by means
of a partition. One of these compartments a contains only the oil to be
burned; I herein-after call this compartment the reservoir, and the other or
hollow chamber b I call the chamber of vaporization. The reservoir a is by
The partition c
means of the partition c cut off entirely from the external air.
is cut away so as to admit through the opening thus made a metallic gauze,
cotton, asbestos, or other mesh-like supply wick d, the diameter of which
corresponds exactly with that of the opening, so as to closely fit the same.
By this mesh-like contrivance or meshwork, which I shall herein-after call
the supply wick, the liquid necessary to supply the flame is raised by capillary
action from the reservoir, the wick being so proportioned that only the
quantity requisite for that purpose is raised. The supply wick can be continued
upwards through the chamber of vaporization and used as the combustion
wick, or can be carried only far enough to supply the liquid to the combustion
wick. Instead of the supply wick being a meshwork of metallic gauze, cotton,

page_text: or asbestos, any porous material that can be cut or turned or that can be
pressed or moulded into the form desired, and by which at the same time the
capillary action may be ensured, may be substituted and used, or any com-
bination of porous and metallic substances; or I may make the supply wick
of a glass, china, or metallic tube filled with porous substances or metallic
substances so arranged either alone or in combination as to ensure capillary
action. I may make the partition (dividing the lamp into two compartments)
of metal, of compressed coal, coke, animal or vegitable charcoal, of wood,
cane, or other fibrous substances, compressed peat, pumice stone, or other
porous stone, or of cotton, asbestos, sponge, felt, or any other material which
when compressed would form a sufficiently hard, durable, but at the same time
porous plate for the partition, or of any material or compound material which
would when placed between two perforated metal plates form a porous par-
tition. I may make the partition and the substitute for the meshwork (supply
wick d) in one piece if found desirable (as shewn in Figure 2), but where I
use the porous partition the meshwork supply wick will not in most cases be
found necessary, but the combustion wick will rest upon the partition in the
vaporization chamber, as shewn in Figure 2. Instead of one opening through
the partition, as herein-above described, for the reception of the supply wick
or its substitute of porous material, several openings may be made and used
in a similar manner. The partition is provided also with two other apertures
opening from the reservoir into the vaporization chamber, and each such
aperture is furnished with a conical valve and seating f. The spindle of one
valve is provided at its lower end with a spring (see g. Figures 1 and 2), by
means of which the valve is rendered self-closing, and thus the liquid is
prevented from escaping. The spindle passes upwards through the vaporization
chamber b, and through the shell or outer case of lamp, where it is provided
at its exterior extremity with a button. The spindle of the valve f just
described is provided with an arm or small plate (h. Figure 3) carrying the
spindle of second valve f', so that by pressure on the external button or by
the action of the spring both valves are simultaneously operated. One valve
serves for the admission of the liquid into and the other for the escape of the
air from the reservoir. In some cases one valve will be found sufficient
for both purposes, and one valve aperture only therefore is needed in the
partition, and in other cases I may prefer to increase the number of valves.
As the contents of lamps thus constructed with the partition and valve
arrangement cannot be spilled or escape I am enabled to dispense with
the screwing at the head or cover of lamp, and substitute therefor a conical or
taner fit.

page_text: 1 may in some cases construct lamps with two or more partitions, so as to
form extra reservoirs, which will enable me to burn two or more kinds of
spirits or oils conjointly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to
be understood that' what I claim is,-
I. The division of the chamber of lamps for burning hydrocarbon, essential,
and mineral oils, alcohol, ether, turpentine, and other spirits, animal and
vegitable oils and other inflammable liquids into two or more distinct com-
partments by means of a partition or partitions, one compartment or set of
compartments forming the reservoirs, which are cut off entirely from direct
communication with the external air by means of the interposition of the
hollow or vaporization chamber or chambers and the partition or partitions.
II. The construction of the partitions, which are made either of metal, in
such case having an aperture in which is closely fitted a supply wick of some
meshy or porous material which will cause capillary action; or the construction
of the partition and wick of one material inducing such action; or the con-
struction of the partition of perforated plates having granulated, filamentary,
or porous material between them.
III. Providing partitions when necessary with self-closing spring valves
or a self-closing spring valve, thereby preventing the accidental escape of the
liquid whilst such escape being rendered impossible.
IV. The substitution of a conical or taper fit for the top or cover of lamp,
thereby dispensing with the screwing of the same, as is now necessitated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Beioley Vallance, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of January, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-eight.
FREDERICK BEIOLEY VALLANCE. (L.S.)