IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE- PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Oates Greenwood, Manufacturer, Daniel
Mills, Designer, and Mason Pearson, Overlooker, all of Bradford,
in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVE-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Oates Greenwood,
Daniel Mills, and Mason Pearson at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd September 1871.
We, JOHN OATES GREENWOOD, Manufacturer, DANIEL MILLS,
Designer, and MASON PEARSON, Overlooker, all of Bradford, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS, PART

page_text: OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE IN THE WEAVING OF OTHER FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
In the weaving of narrow fabrics according to our Invention the race
or races or guides for the shuttles in their movements in place of
being carried by the batten or going part are affixed to or form part of
a bar carried by the main framework of the loom, and is stationary in
regard to any backward or forward motion for beating up.
When two or more shuttles are required for different colors or other-
wise, the bar carrying the shuttle guides with the shuttles carried
thereby may have a vertical motion given to it by operation from the
jacquard or other pattern surface. The rack or racks and pinion or other
means for actuating the shuttles are carried or borne by the bar whilst
such rack or racks or other means for moving the shuttles is operated
for movement in either direction at the times desired by tappets acting
on frames or arms with bands or other suitable connecting means.
The separate reeds for the respective breadths of fabric to be produced
are supported on arms from a common axis, and the requisite motions to
such axis, and thence to the reeds for the beat up, and rest during throw
of shuttles is obtained by cam motion acting on another or other arms
from that axis.
For the shedding of the warps each pair of the leaves of heddles is
connected to a separate pair of levers, one end of one of such levers
being connected to the upper heald shaft and one end of the other lever
to the lower heald shaft, whilst the opposite ends, of each of such pair
of levers are connected together by a separate bar extending vertically.
Each of these vertical bars'carries a pair of bowls or pulleys to receive
separate bands, one of each pair of which bands also passes partly around
other stationary pulleys. The opposite ends of these bands are connected
cach to a separate booked rod. The hooked end of each of these rods is
capable of being taken by a knife edge or lifting blade, whilst the
opposite end of each rod is capable of resting on a bar, so that when the
hooked rod at the other end of that band is raised, the bar connecting
the levers to the heddles may be raised or lowered as the case, may be.
The hooked rods are arranged in pairs, with the hooked ends of each
pair resting one against the other, so that the movement of one to or
from a position to be operated by lifting blades will move the other of

page_text: the pair in the opposite direction. The hooks are borne in one direction
by springs and in the opposite direction by blanks in the jacquard, or by
other pattern surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Oates Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and Mason
Pearson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd March 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
OATES GREENWOOD, Manufacturer, DANIEL MILLS, Designer, and
MASON PEARSON, Overlooker, all of Bradford, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Oates Greenwood, Daniel Mills,
and.Mason Pearson, Her special licence that we, the said John Oates.
Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and Mason Pearson, our executors, dminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Oates
Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and Mason Pearson, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE WEAVING OF NARROW FABRICS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE IN THE WEAVING OF OTHER FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Oates Greenwood, Daniel Mills, and Mason
Pearson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hands and seals of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Oates Greenwood, Daniel
Mills, and Mason Pearson, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
-
In the weaving of narrow fabrics according to the first part of our
Invention the race or races or guides for the shuttles in their movement
in place of being carried by the batten or going part are affixed to or
form part of a bar carried by the main framework of the loom, or is
stationary in regard to any backward or forward motion for the purpose
of beating up during the weaving.
When two or more shuttles are required for different colors or other-
wise, this bar for carrying the shuttle guides with the shuttles carried
thereby may have a vertical motion given to it by operation from
jacquard or other pattern surface, as is well understood. The rack or
racks and pinions or other means for actuating the shuttles are carried or
borne by this bar, whilst such rack or racks or other means for moving
the shuttles is operated for movement in either direction, at the times
desired, by tappets acting on lever arms with bands or other suitable
connecting means.
'
The separate reeds for the respective breadths of fabric to be produced
are supported on arms from a common axis, and the requisite motions to
such axis, and thence to the reeds for the "beat up" and for the "rest"
during throws of shuttles is obtained by cam motion, acting on another
or other arms from that axis.
The Invention relates secondly to means for governing the shedding
motions to the warp in apparatus for weaving.
In carrying out this part of the Invention each leaf of heddles is
connected to a separate pair of levers, one end of one of such levers
being connected to the upper heald shaft, and one end of the other lever
to the lower heald shaft, whilst the opposite ends of each of such pair of

page_text: levers are connected together by a separate bar extending vertically.
Each of these vertical bars carries a pair of bowls or pullies to receive
separate bands, one of each pair of which bands also passes partly
around other stationary pullies. The opposite ends of these bands are
connected each to a separate hooked rod. The hooked end of each of
these rods is capable of being taken by a knife edge or lifting blade,
whilst the opposite end of each rod is capable of resting on a bar, so that
when the hooked rod at the other end of that band is raised the bar
connecting the levers to the heddles may be raised or lowered as the
case may be. The hooked rods are arranged in pairs, with the hooked
ends of each pair resting one against the other, so that the movement of
one to or from a position to be operated by lifting blades will move the
other of the pair in the opposite direction. The hooks are borne in one
direction by springs, and in the opposite direction by blanks in the
jacquard or by other pattern surface.
Figure 1 shews a transverse section; Figure 2, portions of a front
view; and Figures 3 and 4, two opposite end views of parts of a loom'
arranged for the weaving of narrow fabrics, with adaptations thereto,
according to the first part of our Invention. In each of these views the
same letters are employed to indicate corresponding parts wherever
they occur.
a, a, are parts of the main framing; b is the main or driving axis
which receives motion from a steam engine or other suitable power
acting by a strap or band on a pulley 6, affixed on that shaft or axis b.'
The course of the warp threads for the weaving and of the woven fabric
produced are indicated by the red lines d. The warps supplied from
bobbins or spools e passes over guide rollers e¹ to the heddles f*the*
breast beam g, and thence to the rollers 7, partly around which it passes"

page_text: to the receiving rollers i; j is the race bar for supporting the shuttles k.
This bar j, according to this part of the Invention, in place of moving to
and fro during the operation of weaving, is stationary, though for the
convenience of getting at the warps between the healds, in case of
breakage or otherwise, this bar j is capable of to-and-fro movement by
being supported upon the upper ends of arms j, the lower ends of which
are supported so as to be capable of slight movement on pins j², affixed
with capability of adjustment in the end frames of the loom. The ends
of the bar jare borne against by springs 1, each of which is provided
with a stop to prevent the bar j from going too far backwards, also with
smaller stops 1, by which the bar j is held correctly during ordinary
working for weaving, but by slight pressure on the springs the barj may
be caused to pass the stops and rest on the foremost stops 1, so that the
facility referred to may be obtained for getting at the warps or at the
harness of the healds; m is the rack bar, the teeth of which take into
the teeth of pinions n, which by intermediate pinions n', as is well
understood, take into the teeth of the shuttles k for giving the requisite
to-and-fro motions to these shuttles for the laying in of weft into the
sheds opened in the warp. The teeth of this rack and of the pinions n
and n¹ are indicated by the blue dotted lines. The required to-and-fro
motions are imparted to this rack m by means of tappets m³, which are
applied so as to be capable of running freely on the driving shaft b, and
they have affixed to their boss or hollow spindle, by which they are
connected together, a pinion m², the teeth of which are taken into by the
teeth of a pinion m³, affixed to the boss of the pinion m*, and so as with
that pinion m to turn freely on a stationary pin m³. The teeth of the
pinion m* take into the teeth of the pinion me, affixed on the main shaft
or axis b so as to move with it. By these means the tappets m¹ will be
caused to make but one revolution to two revolutions of the main shaft b.
The tappets m¹ act upon the bowls m³, carried by the upper ends of
L levers m³, which turn upon the fixed stud m³, and at their other ends
are connected by the adjustable links n to the opposite ends of a
strap or band m", which band passes over and is affixed to the
cylinder m¹, so that any movement to draw on either of the ends of the
strap or band m¹ will impart a corresponding partial rotation to the
cylinder m¹³. The cylinder m¹² is affixed to the axis m¹³, which is supported
to turn in the fixed bearings m", and has applied to it the arm m, the
outer end of which is provided with a stud m, which passes through a

page_text: slot formed to receive it in a bar m", affixed to the rack bar m, by which
the requisite to-and-fro movement is imparted to that bar m. 0, 0, are
the separate frames carrying the separate reeds o¹, one for each breadth
of fabric being produced. These frames o with their reeds are supported
on separate arms o³, all which are affixed to the common axis o³, which
is supported in suitable bearings carried by the main framing, so that
that axis may be capable of receiving a rocking motion for effecting the
to-and-fro motions to the reeds for the beat up, and then to rest
during the passage of the shuttles. The rocking motion to the axis os
and to the reed frames o is obtained by the cams o' affixed on the main
axis b, acting by their grooves on bowls o³, carried by the outer ends of
arms o, affixed to the axis o³. 07 is a bar connecting together the upper
ends of the arms o° and the reed frames o.
Figure 5 shows a sectional plan view of parts separately.'
We will now describe the second part of our Invention, which is
shown by a front view of parts of a loom with this part of the improve-
ments applied at Figure 6, by sectional view at Figure 7, and by end
view at Figure 8. Figures 9 and 10 show by side and edge views one of
the connecting rods separately.
This part of the Invention is equally applicable to the weaving of
narrow or of wide fabrics.
A represents a leaf of heddles operated simultaneously by top and
bottom levers B, C, and D ; and A¹ is another leaf of heddles operated in
a similar manner by other levers B¹, C', and D'. Each pair of levers C
and D or C¹ and D' are connected together by a vertical bar E. Each of
these vertical bars E carries a pair of bowls or pullies E¹, E³, partly around
which pass separate bands F and G. Each band F passes from over a
pulley E¹ under pullies H, H, carried by the main framing up to a pair
of hooked rods I, I. Each band G simply passes under a pulley E² up
to a hooked rod J. The hooked rods I and J are all capable of resting
on one or other of the fixed and stationary bars K, whilst the upper or
hooked ends of them are capable of being brought over the knife edges
of the lifting bars L, and the selection of the order by which the hooked
ends of these hooked bars may be brought over these knife edges for the
necessary lifting is effected by pattern cards passing over the pattern

page_text: cylinder M, acting on guide bars N, which are each formed with slots to
receive and thereby actuate the hooked rods I and J. The knife edged
lifting bars L are actuated for their lifting motions by means of lever
arms L, L, the outer ends of which are connected by pins joints L³ to
arms L, affixed with capability of adjustment to the lower ends of
rods L', the upper ends of which are connected by pin joints L' to the
ends of the bars L, and in order that these bars L may assume an
inclined direction so as to open even sheds, the back arms L' are some-
what longer than the front arm L. As shown by the Drawings the
heddle A is raised. To effect this object by these means both the
hooked rods J connected to the band G have been missed by the knife
edge L last raised, and the lower ends of these hooked rods are resting on
their bars K, whilst one of the hooked rods I has been caught by one of
the knife edges L, leaving the other hooked rod attached to the same
band F, resting on its bar K, by which that connecting rod E has been
drawn downwards. In order to effect the opposite movement to a rod E,
the jacquard will act on the bar N thereof, to cause both the rods I to be
missed by the lifting knife edges L in their rising, and for one of the
rods J to be caught by one of them, and so on. The levers L', L³, are
both affixed to the same shaft or axis L', which is supported to turn in
the main framing, and movement to them is effected from the tappet
shaft by a crank pin O affixed to the plate O' on that shaft. The crank
pin O being connected to the lever L' by a connecting rod 02. The
jacquard barrel M is operated by an eccentric P which by a rod P¹
operates the lever arm P³ to the axis P³ on which are affixed the arms P*,
carrying the jacquard barrel M.
Having thus described our Invention and means which we adopt in
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise details as shewn and described so
long as the peculiar character of the Invention be retained, but what
we do claim is,—
First. The so arranging parts of looms for the weaving of narrow
fabrics that the race for the shuttles may be stationary during the

page_text: Secondly. We claim the adaptation or combination of parts for
operating leaves of heddles for the shedding motions in apparatus for
weaving, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said, John Oates Greenwood, Daniel
Mills, and Mason Pearson, have hereunto set our hands and seals,
this Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
JOHN OATES GREENWOOD. (L.S.)
DANIEL MILLS.
MASON PEARSON.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)