IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Cartwright, of the Dean Broseley, in the
County of Salop, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PLOUGHS."
Sealed the 15th September 1871, and dated the 11th April 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Cartwright at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th April 1871.
I, HENRY CARTWRIGHT, of the Dean, Broseley, in the County of Salop,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to single iron ploughs, the shelboards or mould-
boards of which turn a furrow at one side of the plough.
As these ploughs are ordinarily constructed the weight of the iron
beam and the heavy iron land side causes the plough to bear heavily on
the left hand of the ploughman so as often to render it necessary to have
a land side wheel as well as a furrow wheel, and so add to the complexity
and cumbrousness of the plough. The said ploughs are also liable to

page_text: become clogged by weeds or other surface impediments accumulating
on the coulters.
Now my Invention consists in constructing single iron ploughs as
herein-after described so as to remedy the above defects, and to make
the ploughshare capable of adjustment. I dispense with the iron land
side of the plough, and affix the beam to the top of the shelboard and
the bar of the share to the bottom of the said shelboard, or to such part
thereof as will insure the said bar being at or about the same level as
the bottom of the said shelboard or at the same level as the "wrest"
at the bottom edge of the said shelboard, so that the force of the
draught may be imparted from the beam to the share through the said
shelboard. By this arrangement the beam will bear more centrally on
the working part of the plough, and this, together with the removal of
the iron land side will make the plough better balanced, lighter, and
consequently more handy. I dispense with the coulter, for which I
substitute a short cutter, which I cast on or affix to the land side of the
share near the point thereof.
"
This arrangement prevents the plough from being clogged with weeds
or other surface impediments, as the aforesaid cutter will pass under
them, and the curved inclined shelboard affords no lodgment for them.
I fit the front and cutting part of the share (sometimes called "the
sock") on to the leading end of the bar of the share, and through
this leading end of the said bar and immediately behind the "sock " I
insert a pin which passes through a thickened and suitably formed part
of the fore part of the shelboard. The bar of the share being thus
"
pivotted to and carried by the shelboard the aforesaid "sock
can be
raised or lowered so as to make the share work deeper or shallower in
the soil as may be required. The tail end of the bar of the share is
shielded by an iron casing affixed to the land side of the shelboard.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said Henry Cartwright in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th October 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CARTWRIGHT, of the Dean, Broseley, in the County of Salop, Gentleman,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Cartwright, Her special licence
that I, the said Henry Cartwright, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Cartwright, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLOUGHS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Cartwright, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
C
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Cartwright, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates especially to single iron ploughs, the shelboards
or mould boards of which turn a furrow at one side of the plough, but
my said Invention may also be applied to double ploughs and to gang
ploughs.
As ploughs are ordinarily constructed the weight of the beam and
the heavy iron land side causes the plough to bear heavily on the left
hand of the ploughman, so as often to render it necessary to have a
land side wheel as well as a furrow wheel, and so add to the complexity
and cumbrousness of the plough. The said ploughs are also liable to
become clogged by weeds or other surface impediments accumulating
on the coulters.
Now my Invention consists in constructing ploughs as herein-after
described so as to remedy the above defects and to make the plough-

page_text: share capable of adjustment. I dispense with the iron land side of the
plough and affix the beam to the upper part of the shelboard and the
bar of the share to the lower part of the said shelboard, or to such part
thereof as will insure the said bar being at or about the same level as
the "wrest" at the bottom edge of the said shelboard, so that the force
of the draught may be imparted from the beam to the share through the
said shelboard. By this arrangement the beam will bear more centrally
on the working part of the plough, and this, together with the removal
of the iron land side, will make the plough better balanced, lighter, and
consequently more handy. I dispense with the coulter, for which I
substitute a short cutter, which I cast on or affix to the land side of the
share near the point thereof.
This arrangement prevents the plough from being clogged with weeds
or other surface impediments, as the aforesaid cutter will pass under
them, and the curved inclined shelboard affords no lodgment for them.
I fit the front and cutting part of the share (sometimes called the
"sock") on to the leading end of the bar of the share, and through
this leading end of the said bar and immediately behind the "sock" I
insert a pin, which passes through a thickened and suitably formed part
of the fore part of the shelboard. The bar of the share being thus
pivotted to and carried by the shelboard can be adjusted so as to com-
pensate for the wear of the share, the tail end of the bar being raised
from time to time as the point of the share wears, and the latter being
thus caused to enter the soil to the requisite depth. The tail end of the
bar of the share is shielded by an iron casing affixed to the land side of
the shelboard.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe the manner in which the same is to be performed, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures
marked thereon.

page_text: A is the beam, which is fixed to the shelboard B by means of a
bracket C, the part c' of which is bolted to the said beam, the part c
being bolted to the said shelboard. This arrangement obviates the
necessity for the iron land side hitherto used. Dis the share or sock,
The share D is fitted on
and is the cutter herein-before referred to.
to the leading end of the share bar E, being held in position by a
screwed rod e³, and the said share bar is pivotted to the shelboard by
means of a screwed pin e¹ furnished with a nut e², which pin passes
through a hole in the thickened part at the fore end of the shelboard
and also through holes in the said bar and the casing F in which the
said bar lics. The said casing consists of a sole plate f' and a vertical
side, to which is screwed a clamp or bracket G, in which the tail end
of the share bar is held in any required position by means of wedges 9,9,
and a pin g which passes through coincident holes in the said share
bar and wedges; or the said share bar may be held in position by a pin
passing through coincident holes in the side f* and the tail of the bar.
This arrangement admits of the tail end of the share bar being raised
from time to time in order to compensate for the wear of the share
point by depressing the share sufficiently to cause it to enter the ground
to the proper depth. H is a bracket or brace which is screwed to the
clamp G, shelboard B, and bracket C in order to give rigidity to the
plough; I is the tail of the plough, the part of which is bolted to
the rear end of the beam A; J is a skim which may be used on turf
and clover lands; K is the furrow wheel. It is desirable so to affix
the casing F to the shelboard that the head of the screw pin or bolt and
the nut thereon shall not project from the side ƒ³, I therefore make the
connection as represented in full size in Figures 5, 6, and 7. Figure 5
is a side elevation of the fore end of the casing F; Figure 6 is a similar
and Figure 7 is a
clevation showing the bolt and nut in position;
section taken on the line Z, Figure 6. I form in the side f² of the
casing and at the front end thereof a slot ƒ³,*, the edges of which slot
are bevilled at the part f³, as represented. The edges of the nut e² are
bevilled to a corresponding angle. When I have screwed the said nut
as far as requisite on the screwed pin or bolt e¹ I pass the part f* over
the said nut and draw the said casing back till the bevilled edges at f³
engage under the said nut, which is thus caused to hold the casing in
position, and is prevented from turning. By referring to Figure 7 it
will be seen that the face of the nut & lics flush with the side of the

page_text: of the said bars in order to compensate for the wear of the shares or
socks.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Cartwright, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.