An Improved Fat Emulsion and Method of Producing the same.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Fat Emulsion and Method of Producing the same.
I, MARTIN EKENBERG, of No. 3 Agnegatan, Stockholm, in the Kingdom of
Sweden, Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists of a fat contained in wool fat, and water. The said fat
has in a high degree the capacity of forming emulsions with pure water, the
emulsions contain 30% or more of fat.
The emulsion is produced by causing the melted fat after having been heated to
about 40° centigrade by means of a so-called emulsor or centrifugal mixing
apparatus, to be mixed with a small quantity of water, whereupon the emulsion,
after having been allowed to stand for some hours in order to lower its temperature
to 25° 30° centigrade, is still further mixed with water by being once more caused
to pass through the "emulsor" together with water. In this last operation in the
"emulsor "the quantity of water is so regulated that the desired proportion between
the fat and the water is obtained.
The fat used for producing the emulsion consists of a fat designated in the
Specification of an application No. 17565 of even date herewith under the denonin-
ation of cholaine. This fat is obtained from wool fat free from glyceride when
the latter is pressed at a temperature of 30°-35° with or without the addition of a
solvent or dissolving agent. In the first case the cholaine is obtained as a residue
after the removal of the dissolving agent by means of evaporation or saponification,
in the second case as an escaping oil.
The said fat (cholaine) differs substantially in many respects from the pure wool
fat. Its melting point being between 26° 35° centigrade, is usually at 27° to
29° centigrade. Pure wool fat (lanoline free from water) on the contrary melts
at 42° 45° centigrade. Lanoline contains up to 50% of cholesterides melting
between 40°-50° centigrade and difficultly soluble in cold alcohol. Cholaine on
the contrary contains cholesterides which are comparatively easy to dissolve in cold
alcohol and contains only very few cholesterides melting between 40°-55° centigrade
or none at all depending upon the care with which it is produced. Moreover
cholaine differs in very many respects from lanoline for instance in its index or
saponification, that is to say, one gramme of cholaine requires a different number of
milligrammes of potassium hydrate for its complete saponification to that required
by one gramme of lanoline. Also the difference between the ordinary index of
saponification of cholaine and the index of saponification of acethylated cholaine is
not the same as the difference between the two corresponding indexes of lanoline.
Again the index of refraction, the viscosity of the melted fats and index of
capillarity of the same differ considerably.
The fat emulsion may be used as a hair pommatum, as a means of softening
leather particularly kid, as a preserving agent for raw hides and for similar
purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A fat emulsion consisting of cholaine and water.
2. The method of producing the fat emulsion referred to in the first claim
consisting in first mixing the cholaine heated to about 40° centigrade with a small
quantity of water then cooling the mixture to about 25° centiorado and finally

page_text: mixing the emulsion with a quantity of water sufficient to obtain the desired
proportion.
Dated this 18th day of September 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.