IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC' DYEING COPPERS OR VATS
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 1st June, 1887
Complete Left, 1st Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 13th Apr.. 1888
I, WALTER BRIERLEY of Halifax in the County of York Mechanical Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN AUTOMATIC'
DYEING COPPERS OR VATS" which Invention has been communicated to me from
abroad by Rud Perzina residing at Aachen in the Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire Dyer to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an "Automatic" dying copper or vat, so called because
all moving or turning of the materials to be dyed is superfluous and spontaneous
circulation of the Dye Liquor is ensured-Heretofore for moving the materials
special workmen were employed. The dying copper or vat according to this invention
is composed of two concentric vessels, the outer vessel having at its top a dished flange
which serves as a support for a like but smaller flange for the interior and smaller
vessels.
The inner vessel forms a short cylinder, the bottom of which is perforated, its upper
end being turned outwards and formis a flange resting upon the flange of the outer
vessel in the centre of the inner vessel is a vertical tube open at its lower end and
closed or partially closed at top by a lid or cover and guide bars, adjustable for closing
the tube entirely when desirable--The inner vessel and also the said tube at their
upper parts are perforated-The material to be dyed is placed in the inner vessel
which is then inserted in the outer vessel and by application of heat, the temperature
of the dye liquor is brought up and also the liquor raised in the space between the
outer vessel and the inner vessel and also in the concentric tube until it passes through
the perforations and from the upper end of the concentric tube into the inner vessel-
The inaterials in the inner vessel are penetrated thoroughly by the dye liquor which
descends in a shower and passes through the perforations in the bottom of the inner
vessel into the outer vessel-This working or circulation of the Dye liquor continues
so long as heating is continued-The circulation of the dye begun is of great
importance and the dished flange of the outer vessel and the cover of the tube both
prevent the bubbling over of the contents, and return the liquor constantly to the
inner vessel containing the materials to be dyed-Adjustment of the bath is provided

page_text: by means of a pipe reaching to the bottom of the vessel curved in an annular form
and filled with holes-When the dying process is finished a scale beam and hooks
are lowered, the hooks being received in eyes of the inner vessel, whereon the inner
vessel can be lifted out of the outer vessel and its contents emptied-The dye liquor
may be removed from the outer vessel by means of a syphon or plug outlet.
A particular improvement and advantage of the process described is the soft finish
of the materials so dyed arising mainly through remaining in their position in the
vessel and not being subjected to direct contact with heated surfaces-When steam
heating is employed the outer vessel may be made of copper, wood or other material
and dying coppers in use may easily be fitted with the inner vessel-The improve-
ments effect considerable saving in expense, and produce a very fine finish in the
materials so treated and dyed.
It will be understood that the vessels are not necessarily cylindrical as other form
may be employed according to surroundings.

page_text: improvements in Automatic Dyeing Coppers or vats.
I WALTER BRIERLEY of Halifax in the County of York Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention which invention has been communi-
cated to me from abroad by Rud. Perzina of Aachen in the Kingdom of Prussia,
German Empire, Dyer, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to an "automatic" dyeing copper or vat so called because
all moving or turning of the materials to be dyed is superfluous, and spontaneous
circulation of the dye liquor is ensured. Heretofore for moving the materials, special
workmen were employed.
The dyeing copper or vat is according to this invention composed of two concentric
vessels, the outer vessel having at its top a dished flange which serves as a support
for a like but smaller flange of the interior and smaller vessel.
The inner vessel forms a short cylinder, the bottom of which is perforated, its upper
end being turned outwards and forms a flange resting upon the flange of the outer
vessel.
In the centre of the inner vessel is a vertical tube open at its lower end and closed
or partially closed at top by a lid or cover (and guide bars) adjustable for closing the
tube entirely when desirable. The inner vessel and also the said tube are at their
upper parts perforated. The material to be dyed is placed in the inner vessel which is
then inserted in the outer vessel and by application of heat, the temperature of the
dye liquor is brought up and also the liquor raises in the space between the outer
vessel and the inner vessel and also in the concentric tube into the inner vessel.
The materials in the inner vessel are penetrated thoroughly by the dye liquor
which descends in a shower and passes through the perforations in the bottom of the
inner vessel into the outer vessel.
This working or circulation of the dye liquor continues so long as heating is
continued. The circulation of the dye liquor is of great importance, and the dished
flange of the outer vessel and the cover of the tube both prevent the bubbling over
of the contents and return the liquor constantly to the inner vessel containing the
materials to be dyed. Adjustment of the bath is provided by means of a pipe
reaching to the bottom of the vessel curved in an annular form and filled with holes.
When the dyeing process is finished a scale beam and hooks are lowered, the hooks
being received in eyes of the inner vessel, whereon the inner vessel can be lifted out
of the outer vessel and its contents emptied. The used liquor may be removed from
the outer vessel by means of a syphon or plug outlet. A particular improvement
and advantage of the process described is the soft finish of the materials so dyed
arising mainly through remaining in their position in the vessel and being subjected
to direct contact with heated surfaces.
When steam heating is employed the outer vessel may be made of copper, wood,
or other material and dyeing coppers in use may easily be fitted with the inner
vessel.
The improvements effect considerable saving in expenses and produce a very fine
finish in the materials so treated and dyed.
It will be understood that the vessels are not necessarily cylindrical as other forms
may be employed according to surroundings.
Šuch being the nature and object of this invention the following is a complete
description of same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical section of improved apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a plan view.
The dyeing copper comprises two vessels an outer vessel A with a dished upper
part forming a support for the inner vessel B.
Vessel B forms a short cylinder the bottom of which is filled with holes, the upper
end turned outwards or dished as at d resting upon the corresponding part e of the
outer vessel A. In the midst of the inner vessel B a tube C is inserted, open at both
ends, and having a lid or cover b. At the bottom are fastened guide bars for
adjusting the cover b in any position and for closing when necessary the tube entirely-
The inner vessel B and also the tube C are filled with holes at their upper parts
at ƒ, ƒ, ƒ¹ ƒ¹.
The inner vessel B filled up with the materials to be dyed, such as wool, cotton,
jute is inserted into the outer vessel A and by heating, the temperature is brought up,
whereon the bath, or dye liquor will raise in the space a between the outer vessel A
and the inner vessel B and also in the tube C until it passes through the holes
ffff and from the border of the tube C into the inner vessel B. The materials
in the inner vessel are penetrated perfectly by the falling bath of dye liquor, which
passes through the holes in the bottom of the inner vessel into the outer vessel A.
This working or circulation of the dye liquor continues so long as the heating is
continued. The circulation of the bath or dye liquor is of great importance whilst
the formation of the board of the outer vessel A and the cover b both prevent the
bubbling over of the liquor guiding and returning it constantly into the inner vessel B
filled up with the materials to be dyed.
Steam is injected to the bath through the perforated tube D placed near the bottom
of the vessel B and curved in form of a ring.
When the dyeing process is finished the cross bar E is lowered, and the hooks
engage with the ears c of the inner vessel B, so as to elevate the inner vessel and
empty it.
The bath or dye liquor after use, may be removed from the outer vessel by means
of a syphon.
A marked improvement is the soft finish or handling of the materials so dyed
through remaining in their position, and not having direct contact with heated
surfaces. There is considerable saving in fuel resulting from the employment of steam
heating.
When steam heating is employed the outer vessel may be made of wood, or
cement, dyeing coppers used till now may be adjusted easily by arranging the inner
vessel.
All these improvements effect much saving in expenses, and moreover a very fine
finish of the dyed materials.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;
First A dyeing copper for dyeing wool, cotton, or other fibres comprising two
vessels, a stationary outer vessel A and a movable inner vessel B the latter being
supported by the part d upon the part e of the outer vessel and having a central
tube C, the inner vessel B and tube C being perforated to permit the bath or dye
liquor raising in the space a between the outer and inner vessel to pass into the
inner vessel where the bath or dye. liquor descends, and passes through holes of the
bottom again into the outer vessel A.
Dated this 29th day of February 1888.
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Town Hall Buildings, Halifax.