Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 30th Sept., 1887.
I CARL ADOLF ANDERSON of 54A Flemminggatan, Stockholm, Sweden Machine
Fitter do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement-
The object of this apparatus is to indicate the exact time during which a carriage
has been occupied and likewise how long a time each particular seat has been secured
in the time during which the driver has disposed of the carriage, the apparatus
indicating besides automatically to the passenger how much he has to pay after the
drive has been accomplished.
On the drawing Figure 1 is a front view of the apparatus and Figure 2 a back
view of same with a slide on the back of the box enclosing the mechanism taken
away to show the interior of the apparatus. Figure 3 is a vertical section of the
apparatus on the line a bin Figure 2 showing also the combination of the apparatus
with one of the seats of the carriage. Figure 4 shows the apparatus viewed from
below. Figures 5. 6 and 7 are details.
One part of the apparatus consists of a spring clock work (not represented on the
drawing but indicated as to its position by the outline a Figure 3) which turns the
cylindrical drum A. by actuating the toothed wheel A¹ and also turns a graduated
dise B by turning the shaft B¹. Each of them makes one revolution in 24 hours.
The intermediate motion from the clock work may also be arranged so as to cause
the disc B to make one revolution in 6 hours and hence 4 revolutions in the same
time that the drum A makes one revolution. The drum A always runs in the same
direction and so does also the disc B but as the latter is connected with the clock
work by means of a friction coupling it can be turned back to the position occupied
at the beginning of the motion viz. the zero point or zero position. This is effected
by means of a chain C going from a pulley C on the shaft B¹ to the pulley C which
can be turned round by a key which from without may be passed upon the spindle C³
of the pulley C, this shaft being surrounded by a ferrule or pipe (4. Around
the drum A is first coiled a colouring paper band which is suitably fixed and upon
this is placed another graduated paper band such as shown at Figure 7.
drum A the registering pins D are situated being of the same number as the seats in
the carriage. The pins D are movable up and down in the sockets D¹ which are
fixed in the horizontal plate D². Each pin is within its socket D' surrounded by
helical spring D³ actuating upwards against a shoulder D on the pin and resting
below on an inner flange in the socket D'. The pins D are prevented from being
Under the
a

page_text: pushed upwards by these springs by being connected with a flat spring E in such a
manner that the spring E rests on a little nut screwed upon the end of the pin. If
thus any of the springs E owing to any pressure from beneath be pushed upwards
the respective pin is disengaged and in this case pushed upwards by its spiral spring D³
so that its upper point rests upon the rim of the drum A. A shoulder at the
upper end of each of the sockets D¹ encountering the above mentioned shoulders D¹
on the pins, prevents the latter from going out further than necessary. As shown by
the drawing the present apparatus is provided with four registering pins D and is
thus intended for a carriage with four seats. In addition to the four pins D there is
a special pin F situated behind the former. This pin F is fixed on an elastic lever F
pivotted at F. The left end of the lever Fin Figure 2 being bent upwards
enters into a hole in the ferrule surrounding the spindle C³ and bears against this
spindle by the pressure exerted by the opposite end of the lever F1 which is shaped
as a spring and bears against the plate D. The spindle C³ is as mentioned
stationary, supporting on its inner end the chain pulley C having two holes into
which projections on the key-pipe C can enter. When the key-pipe C is passed
upon the spindle with the view of passing the projections on the key-pipe into the
holes in the chain pulley (and then turning the same, the left hand end of the lever F
must first be pushed away before the chain pulley can be turned. When the end
of the lever is pushed away by the key-pipe, the pin F on the lever F¹ encounters
the drum A and makes a mark on the paper band fixed thereon. As already
mentioned the disc B can by passing the key on the pin C3 and subsequent turning
of it he placed at zero, that is to say, so that a transverse line which on the disc B
Figure 5 is indicated as zero will be found in front of the border of an opening C³
on the front side of the apparatus (see Figure 1). It is the duty of the driver to
adjust the disc B in this manner at the beginning and the end of each drive. But at
every such adjusting the pin F makes a mark on the paper band on the drum A and
the driver has thus to account for the whole time expired between the application of
the two marks or for the time during which the seats have been occupied. Should
the driver neglect to apply immediately the due mark he will have to account for so
much the longer time as the distance between the two marks will then be so much
greater considering that the drum A continues to revolve all the time. The
registering pins D show on the contrary the number of seats occupied in the carriage
during the drive for the four pins D are connected with the respective seats in the
following manner.
In the carriage, in this case supposed to have four seats, each seat G Figure 3 is
provided with springs supporting the seat. The springs are not visible on the
drawing but the seat G is supposed to go down to the support G', when somebody
sits down thereon. Under each seat is arranged a compressive bladder G of india-
rubber or the like, which bladder is placed into a depression or box, so that only its
upper part can be compressed, while the remainder of the bladder is prevented from
dilating by its casing. The springs supporting the seat are so strong that the
underside of the seat, when not employed, does not reach the bladder. When
somebody sits upon the seat of the carriage the seat is depressed, so that the top of
the bladder is encountered by the seat and compressed. From the bladder a pipe H
projects, leading from the seat to another similar compressive bladder H¹ situated
near the controlling apparatus. The pipe H connects thus the bladders and these
obtain in this manner the character of and act as communicating vessels. In lieu of
compressive bladders boxes with flexible or elastic lids may be employed, acting in
such a manner that they are always tending to press themselves outwards. When
depressing such a lid, the fluid contained in the bladder and in the pipe is displaced
thus causing the lid of the box substituted for the bladder H' and actuated by a
spring to be extended. The bladders or boxes and the pipes are filled with a suitable
fluid, which at the different degrees of heat that may occur, varies as to its volume
as little as possible and which at a low temperature is not converted into solid state
To such a fluid a solution of chloride of calcium in water is most convenient, prepared
in such a manner, that the chloride of calcium is dissolved in water heated to

page_text: 20° 25° Celsius 68° to 77° Fahrenheit) whereby the water is allowed to dissolve
as much as it can of the salt.
The drawing represents four compressive bladders H₁ communicating with the
respective compressive bladders G2 placed each under its respective seat in the
carriage. Upon each of the bladders H', which also is partly surrounded by casings
like the bladders G, one end of a spring I is placed provided with a knob I' pressing
against the bladder. In the spring an adjusting screw I is inserted, the upper end
of which presses against the bottom of one of the above mentioned springs E for
holding the pins D down from the drum A.
It is to be
The controlling apparatus works and is employed in the following manner :-
When a person sits down upon a seat in the carriage, the seat is depressed and the
bladder G2 beneath compressed. The consequence of this is that the upper part of the
corresponding bladder H under the controlling apparatus swells and overcomes
the pressure of the springs 1 and E upon the same. The motion arising hereby is
transferred from the bladder G2 to the spring I and further through the pin [2 to
the corresponding spring E. When this spring is pressed upwards, the pin D is
disengaged, whereby its helical spring D³ is allowed to extend and thus to convey the
point of the pin D up against the paper band surrounding the drum A.
observed, that the weight of the person depressing the seat has nothing to do with the
pressure, by which the registering pin is pressed against the paper; for the result of
the pressure effected upon the seat is only that the springs I and E are pressed more
or less upwards and disengage the pin, the pressure of the latter, on the contrary,
against the paper band depending only upon the elasticity of the helical spring 1³
If more persons at a time take their seats in the carriage, the consequence hereof will
be that the corresponding pins D are pressed upwards, thus making marks on the
paper band, which by the clock work is slowly advanced with the revolving cylinder A.
On this cylinder also numerals have been inscribed (see Figure 2) in order to
indicate the time.
The clock work is, as above mentioned, so disposed that the cylinder or drum A is
turned round once in 24 hours. The paper band applied on the circumference of the
cylinder A is beforehand provided with a number of cross lines of which part are
placed in accordance with the designations of hours on the drum and the remainder
constitute subdivisions thereof. If thus the interspace between two such lines
indicating hours is divided in twelve parts, each of those small distances corresponds
with a lapse of time of 5 minutes. Supposing that the paper band, shown in Figure 7,
has been employed in the controlling apparatus, shows that the drive has commenced
at 7-20 o'clock, the carriage having been occupied by only one person to 8-25 o'clock.
The long horizontal bar across the lines designates the stroke effected by some of the
registering pins D. The vertical strokes in the border of the paper band running in
the same direction as the division lines on the band, indicate the signs effected by the
pin F. The marks at the beginning and at the end of the drive have been effected
thereby, that the indicating disc B has been set to zero, and have for purpose to
indicate to the owner of the carriage how long a time the carriage has been engaged.
and for which the driver has to account. After the said drive was terminated and
the disc turned back to zero by the driver, or the key entered in order to make a
cross stroke on the paper band, that he may not have to pay his employer for any
overtime, the driver has either returned to the stand or waited on the same spot and
not until 8-45 o'clock the carriage was engaged by two other persons, who sat down
upon two other seats in the carriage and went together until 10-20 o'clock, when
they alighted, while the carriage waited, and did again take their seats in the carriage
after the lapse of 20 minutes, whereupon the drive continued until 11-35 o'clock,
when the verification of time took place and the disc was returned to zero.
1 o'clock the carriage was re-engaged by two persons and after 25 minutes one more
sat up in the carriage, whereafter all the three alighted at 2-45 o'clock. Then the
carriage was engaged by a person from 3-30 to 6-50 o'clock during which time he
alighted twice.
At
The disc B is divided into a number of concentric zones, corresponding to the

page_text: number of persons for whom there are seats in the carriages. In one of the zones or
annular columns a foremost graduation line for one person is made. Such a
graduation must obviously be made so that the highest figure, to be read through the
opening after the disc has turned a little corresponding to a certain lapse of time
after it was put to zero, also accords with the proper tariff of fares. The second
column is graduated for two persons, the third for three persons, and so on.
The driver can thus be accurately controlled by his employer. Should the driver
neglect to introduce the key after a terminated drive, he will have to pay as if the
carriage were still engaged until the key is introduced. Should the driver return
the disc B. too often, it shows, when verifying it, too little, and the driver has more-
over to pay for shorter courses, which in general are dearer. He will consequently
then get in too little money, but will have to account for a greater sum, and thus
make a loss. If on the contrary he neglects to set the disc to zero at the start, which
also is in the interest of the passenger to control, the driver will have to pay from
the termination of the preceding drive and will even then have to sustain a loss.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First A cylinder driven by a clock work and surrounded first by a colouring
and next to it by an uncoloured graduated paper band, there being close to the said
cylinder a number of registering pins corresponding to and connected with their
respective movable seats in the carriage, so that when a seat is pressed down, a
corresponding registering pin is pressed against the cylinder and makes a line on the
graduated paper band, and further a disc driven by the same clock work by means of
a suitable coupling, on which disc the fare to be paid may be read and which by
means of a key can be returned to zero, whereby owing to the action of the key upon
a lever a mark or sign is made on the graduated paper band substantially as set
forth.
Second-The construction and arrangement of the registering pins and the mode
of transfer of the motion from the bladders or boxes consisting therein, that by the
dilatation of the bladders or boxes the springs of the registering pins being disengaged
press the pins against the paper band, substantially as set forth.
Third The employment of two compressive bladders or boxes communicating
one with another by means of a pipe and charged with a suitable fluid and placed so,
one at the seat of the carriage and the other at the controlling apparatus, that when
the former bladder is compressed by the passenger depressing the seat, the latter
bladder pushes off a spring actuating upon it, substantially as set forth.
Fourth-The application of a mark or sign on the paper band every time the
verifying disc of the apparatus is set to zero, substantially as set forth.
a
Fifth The construction and arrangement of parts for applying a mark or sign on
the paper band every time a key is introduced with the view of setting the verifying
disc of the apparatus to zero, consisting of a lever, the one end of which is by
spring forced into a key hole and must be removed by the key before any readjusting
of the verifying disc can be made, a pin on the lever being then pressed against the
paper band on the cylinder, substantially as set forth.
Sixth-The construction of fare and time controlling apparatus substantially as
described and shown on the drawings.
Dated this 11th day of Jun 1887