Improved Method of and Means for Utilising Heat from Gas, Oil, and other Lamps for Warming Carriages, Rooms, or other Enclosed Places and for Ventilating same.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Nov., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 28th Aug., 1895-Accepted, 26th Oct., 1895
Improved Method of and Means for Utilising Heat from Gas, Oil, and
other Lamps for Warming Carriages, Rooms, or other Enclosed
Places and for Ventilating same.
I, THOMAS SYKES of Kitchen Fold, Lingards, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire,
Woolsorter do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to railway carriages, rooms or other enclosed places
wherein the light for illuminating same is closed or sealed up from the interior or
otherwise protected or surrounded by a shield or cover, and the object of my
improvements is to warm the said carriages, rooms or enclosed places by the heated
products of combustion, or by atmospheric air conducted through the lamp and
heated therein, and also to ventilate or withdraw the vitiated air from the interiors
of the compartments or rooms.
In carrying out my invention I may form two series of openings, one above the
root or ceiling or communicating with the atmosphere, and the other below, or
communicating with the interior of the carriage or room, and in conjunction with
said openings are moveable grates or slides adapted to close or expose the
openings at will, but so arranged that when one series is closed the other is open or
exposed.
be
When the lower openings are exposed, the heated products within the lamp will
pass therethrough into the carnage or interior lighted by the lamp, and by the
admission of atmospheric air to the lamp an increased supply of warm air may
admitted to, and circulated within, the carriage or room.
On the lower openings
being closed, those communicating with the atmosphere are opened, and the heated
products of combustion discharged outside the carriage or room.
For the purpose of thoroughly heating atmospheric air admitted to the lamp, 1
form a cavity or chamber therein in a suitable position--say-for instance above
or behind the reflector and instead of several openings for discharging the
heated air into the carriage or 100m, only one or two outlets may be formed for
said purpose.
a number
the heated
Between or within the cavity I arrange vertically or otherwise
of pipes or tubes or a coil or coils of pipes through which
products from the gas or oil light may circulate and heat same and therefore
warm the atmospheric air admitted to said cavity and surrounding them, or,
inversely, the cold air may be conducted through the pipes or coils and be warmed
by the surrounding heated products of combustion. The lamp may be lighted
through a central tube or pipe. The cavity is protected or covered with asbestos,
silicate cotton or other non-conductor of heat, and the top or other portions of the
lamp may be likewise provided or packed with non-conducting material to prevent
rapid radiation of heat.
The outlet or outlets into the carriage or room are provided with slides or valves
for closing same when required. The cold air inlet, which is preferably bell
mouthed, is placed in any suitable position outside the lamp and within same is a
moveable valve or diaphragm adapted to be opened automatically by the current
of air according to the direction in which the carriage is moving so that it is
always open; or if applied to stationary objects, a vane may be employed to bring
As before set forth the hot air outlet and cold
the mouth of the inlet to the wind.
air inlet may be closed simultaneously by the movement of a lever or slide and

page_text: the outlet for the heated products to escape to the atmosphere be opened. In
order to aid the circulation of heated air through the carriage or interior lighted
by the lamp, and to ventilate, or withdraw the vitiated air therefrom, I affix or
place in a suitable position outside the carriage or room a double automatic
ventilator, comprising an inverted nozzle or cone, having a large inlet and small
outlet, placed within a pipe or open ended chamber protected at the mouth by gauze
or like fine material for preventing the entrance of grit or other foreign bodies
into the cone or inverted nozzle. Within the said pipe or chamber and at the
outlet end of the inverted nozzle is a swing valve or diaphragm adapted to close
automatically against an opposing current of air but always open to that passing
through the nozzle. From the said ventilator or outlet branch one, two or more
pipes having suitable openings and extending, if desired, through the whole of the
compartments of a carriage, or through several rooms The current or currents
of air admitted to the inverted nozzle create a vacuum in the pipe or chamber
which causes the vitiated air in the carriage or compartment to be drawn through
the openings in the branch pipes into the chamber or outlet pipe where it is met
by the current of air passing through the inverted nozzle and is driven into the
atmosphere By means of the above, the warm air admitted to the carriage or
room is thoroughly circulated therein and finally discharged into the atmosphere.
The aforesaid vitiated air outlet, where no artificial current of air is created, may
also be provided with a vane to ensure the inlet end of the inverted nozzle or cone
being opposed to the wind.
The heated air or products from the lamp may be discharged from any suitable
position or positions within the carriage or room by pipe or pipes connected to the
hot air outlet.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Method of and Means for Utilising Heat from Gas, Oil, and
other Lamps for Warming Carriages, Rooms, or other Enclosed
Places, and for Ventilating same.
I, THOMAS SYKES, of Kitchen Fold, Langards, near Huddersfield, Yorkshire,
Woolsorter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:;—
This invention has reference to railway carriages, rooms or other enclosed places
wherein the light for illuminating same is closed or sealed up from the interior or
otherwise protected or surrounded by a glass shield or cover, and the object of my
improvements is to warm the said carriages, rooms or enclosed places by the
heated products of combustion, or by pure atmospheric air conducted through the
lamp and heated therein, or by the products of combustion and atmospheric air
combined; and also to ventilate or withdraw the hot or vitiated air from the interiors
of the compartments or rooms.
In carrying out my invention I may form two series of openings, one above the
100t or ceiling or communicating with the atmosphere, and the other below or
communicating with the interior of the carriage or room and in conjunction
therewith are movable grates or valves adapted to open or shut off communication
with the carriage or room.
When the valve is open, the heated products within the lamp will pass through
the openings or pipe or pipes into the carriage or interior lighted by the lamp,
and by the admission of atmospheric air to the lamp an increased supply of warm
air may be admitted to, and circulated within, the carriage or room. On the valve

page_text: or valves being closed, the admission of heated air to the carriage is shut off,
and the heated products of combustion discharged outside the carriage or room.
For carrying out my invention I may collect and conduct the waste heat or
products of combustion in any suitable manner into a pipe coupled to the lamp,
which said pipe is carried around the carriage or room and radiates heat into same.
By admitting a current of atmospheric air to the lamp an increased supply of warm
air may be admitted to and circulated within the carriage or room.
For the purpose of thoroughly heating atmospheric air admitted to the lamp, I
form a cavity or chamber therein in a suitable position-say-for instance above or
behind the reflector, said cavity being provided with a suitable outlet communicating
with a short pipe or circulating pipe for discharging or radiating heat into the
carriage or room.
Between or within the cavity I arrange vertically or otherwise a number of pipes
or tubes or a coil or coils of pipes through which the heated products from the gas
or oil light may circulate and heat same and therefore warm the atmospheric
air admitted to said cavity and surrounding them; or inversely, the cold air may
be conducted through the pipes or coils and be warmed by the surrounding heated
products of combustion. The cavity is protected or covered with asbestos, silicate
cotton or other non-conductor of heat, and the top or other portions of the lamp
may be likewise provided or packed with non-conducting material to prevent rapid
radiation of heat. The cold air inlet, which is preferably bell mouthed, is placed
in any suitable position outside the lamp and within same is a movable valve or
diaphragm adapted to be opened automatically by the current of air according to
the direction in which the carriage is moving so that it is always open; or if
applied to stationary objects, a vane may be employed to bring the mouth of the
inlet to the wind. The hot air outlet pipe may be closed by a valve. In order to
and the circulation of heated air through the carriage or interior lighted by the
lamp, and to ventilate or withdraw the warm or vitiated air therefrom and maintain
a constant circulation I affix or place in a suitable position outside the carriage
or room a double automatic ventilator, comprising an inverted nozzle
having a large inlet and small outlet placed within a pipe or open ended chamber
protected at the mouth by gauze or like fine material for preventing the entrance
of grit or other foreign bodies into the cone or inverted nozzle Within the said
pipe or chamber and at the outlet end of the inverted nozzle is a swing valve
or diaphragm adapted to close automatically against an opposing current of air
but always open to that passing through the nozzle or the ends of the pipes may
be bent down to answer the same purpose.
or come
From the said ventilator or outlet branch one, two or more pipes having suitable
openings and extending, if desired, through the whole of the compartments of a
carriage or through several rooms.
The current or currents of air admitted to the inverted nozzle create a vacuum
in the pipe or chamber which causes the vitiated air in the carriage or compartment
to be drawn through the openings in the branch pipes into the chamber or outlet
pipe where it is met by the current of air passing through the inverted nozzle
and is driven into the atmosphere By means of the above the warm air admitted
to the carriage or room is thoroughly circulated therein and finally discharged into
the atmosphere. The aforesaid vitiated air outlet, where no artificial current of
air is created, may also be provided with a vane to ensure the inlet end of the inverted
nozzle or coue being opposed to the wind.
The heated air or products from the lamp may be discharged from any suitable
position or positions within the carriage or room by pipe or pipes connected to the
hot air outlet.
Such being the nature and object of my said invention I will now describe the
same fully and for this purpose shall hereafter make reference to the annexed
drawings illustrative thereof, wherein :-
-
Fig 1 is vertical section, taken on line 1-2 of Fig. 2, of a lamp fitted up according
to my invention for heating atmospheric air therein.

page_text: Fig. 2 is part sectional plan of same taken on line 3—4.
Fig. 3 is longitudinal section of the double bell mouthed air inlet or collector.
Fig. 4 is transverse section of a railway carriage shewing my improvements
applied thereto for supplying pure warm air to the compartment for warming
same.
Fig. 5 is sectional elevation of a modified construction of lamp for heating pure
atmospheric air, and
Fig. 6 shews the construction and arrangement of air inlets or collectors adapted
to be used therewith.
Fig 71s sectional elevation of one construction of lamp for warming the
compartment or room by the heated products of combustion.
Fig 8' is longitudinal section of the ventilator for withdrawing the warm or
vitiated air from the compartment or room.
Fig. 9 shews two sections of pipes adapted to be used for conveying to and
distributing heated atmospheric air in the compartment, or circulating it through
same or any other suitable shape.
The same letters of reference denote corresponding parts in all the figures.
Referring to the drawings letter represents the ordinary casing or shell of a
lamp such as is used for lighting the compartments of railway carriages, and the
lid or cover to same also of ordinary construction. To the casing a is added a short
metal extension a¹ to permit of the connection to said lamp of the hot air outlet
pipe or pipes c, but, it desired, the extension a¹ could be dispensed with and the
pipe taken through or partly through the roof of the carriage and coupled to the
casing a.
d represents the glass globe or cover to seal or protect the light from the
interior of the compartment or room and it is secured to the base or lower edge of
the part a by ring or washer d¹ and screws in the usual way e is the gas jet or
burner and e the branch pipe which is coupled outside the lamp to the main supply
pipe as at present.
So far the parts described are, with the exception of part a¹ and pipe c, common
to all railway carriage roof lamps, to which, as well as to lamps for lighting rooms or
buildings wherein the light is scaled up from the interior of same, or can be utilised
for heating air, my improvements are applicable.
Made to fit within the casing or lamp a so as to be removable at will, is an air
chamber or chest f provided with any suitable number of tubes or pipes 9 extending
through same but having no communication with the interior thereof. Each tube g
is fully open at the bottom to the waste heat and gases or products of combustion
from the gas or oil light which must pass upwards through same to escape to the
atmosphere, as indicated by arrows. At the upper ends of tubes y are contracted
openings or outlets g' through which the gases have to pass to reach the chimney b
on lid b; these contracted openings retarding the escape of the gases from the
tubes and thereby adding materially to the heat radiated from said tubes
The chamber has no communication with the interior of the lamp and it is
provided at the top and sides with a double shell or two thicknesses of metal between
which is inserted a packing h of asbestos or other suitable non-conductor of heat to
prevent radiation of heat from the portions of said chamber not in contact with the
waste heat from the lamp. At the top of the chamber f is an air inlet f having a
conical mouth adapted to receive the cone shaped end of a pipe i which is inserted
through an opening in the lid b and forced into said inlet with which it makes a
tight joint The pipe is connected to or forms a part of the air inlet or collector
which has two bell mouthed or conical openings so arranged as to face each end of
the carriage in order that in whichever direction the carriage or train is moving,
one of said openings will be opposed to the wind or current of air thereby induced,
whilst the opposite mouthpiece will be closed by a hinged valve or diaphragm 22
forced against said mouthpiece by the inrushing current of air, as illustrated
in Fig. 3. The air having no other outlet is forced down pipe i into the chamber f
wherein it circulates around the several tubes g and becomes gradually heated by

page_text: the waste gases passing up said tubes until it reaches the outlet f2 from whence it
passes into pipe c at a high temperature and is finally discharged from the end of
the said pipe into the compartments somewhere near the floor thereof, as indicated
in Fig. 4 or any other suitable position. The pipe e may be fixed against the
partition or back of the compartment and carried down behind the upholstering to
the underside of the seat as shewn in Fig. 4, or if the heated air is not required to
be discharged into the compartment, the pipe or pipes c may be laid around the
compartment in the form of a heating apparatus or coil and the hot air after passing
through same be discharged into the atmosphere. The pipe c is provided with a
valve c¹ (see Fig. 4) by which the supply of hot air can be reduced or shut off, the
closing of said valve stopping the further admission of air to the chamber f. The
outlet is provided with a valve facing f³ corresponding to a similar facing a² on
the inner side of casing a with which it makes a tight joint when the chamber f is
placed into the lamp. A piece of asbestos packing is preferably attached to the
chamber funder the seating 3 to seal the jomt.
The bell mouthed openings of the air inlet or collector ¹ are protected with cross
wires ³ or wire gauze to prevent the entrance of solid bodies into same
On the roof of the carriage and communicating with the interior of the
compartment are fixed ventilators 7 (see Fig 8) one facing each end of the
carriage.
The current of air to which either of said ventilators happens to be opposed, enters
the bell mouthed or comical opening or inlet and passes through a small tube 2
supported centrally of tube j communicating with the interior of the compartment
or compartments, the outlet ends of both said tubes being turned or bent down at
right angles to prevent air entering said ends, or a hinged valve could be employed
for the same purpose. The current of air as it passes out from the end of pipe
creates a vacuum or sucks the heated or vitiated air from the compartment through
pipe and drives it from the outlet end into the atmosphere as indicated by the
arrows. The inlet to the ventilator may be protected by gauze or cross wires
similarly to the air inlet or collector.
By the above means a constant current of wholesome pure dry warm air is
discharged into the compartment at or near the bottom thereof and withdrawn
through the roof into the outside atmosphere during the whole of the journey
without requiring any attention beyond lighting the lamps as at present.
The light used is precisely the same as now used for lighting only, and it is in
no wise affected by the apparatus. The constant circulation of pure warm or hot
air in the manner set forth gives a grateful warmth without any oppressiveness,
secures more perfect ventilation, prevents damp, and destroys all bad or musty
smells; while all the woodwork and internal fittings of the carriage will be
preserved. Each compartment is warmed separately and equally from its own
lamp, the apparatus in each being self-contained and brought into action the
moment the carriage or train commences to move, or two or more compartments
can be warmed from one lamp, an artificial current of air can be created by fan or
like means and forced through the lamp.
Each ventilatorj may be provided on the inside of the compartment with a
valve to shut off communication with said compartment or compartments or reduce
the outlet area.
The chamber is provided with a handle k by which to place it into and remove
it from the lamp for lighting or other purposes, said chamber being supported by
feet or projections which engage and rest on the upper end of the part a¹, or on
suitable projections on the sides of the casing a.
Between the chamber f and casing a is an annular space to allow air to pass down
to feed the light, such air entering from the outside atmosphere into the hollow
portion of the lid 6 through openingsland then passing out through other openings m
into the space under the lid, from whence it finds its way through perforations in
the flange
n to the annular space before named, as indicated by the arrows.

page_text: A baffle plate or second perforated flange o may be secured or formed on the
chamber as shewn to prevent the too rapid descent of cold air to the light.
A reflector p is secured to the bottom of chamber for to the casing a.
In Fig. 5 I shew a modified construction of the apparatus for heating pure
atmospheric air. This consists of two or more chambers tubes or pipes f, f, into the
central one of which the pure cold atmospheric air is first admitted by one or other
of the inlet pipes f¹ to which are connected or coupled pipes each provided with a
single mouthed air inlet or collector 2¹ arranged m opposite directions as shewn
in Fig. 6 in order that the wind or current of air will enter the collector whose
mouth faces the direction in which the carriage is moving The pressure of the
wind or current of air forces a light ball valve off its seating as indicated on the
left hand of Fig. 6, and passing down pipes and f¹ enters the central chamber at
or near the bottom thereof, then it ascends through said chamber and enters
pipes which convey it to the bottom of the outer chamber or chambers through
which it ascends and finally passes out into the outlet pipes f³, these conducting it
to the pipes c, c.
Said pipes c, c, may be arranged to discharge separately into the
compartment from two sides thereof, or they may be coupled together and the
heated air discharged from one pipe. The outlet ends of pipes f³ are faced so as to
make tight joints with corresponding faces a² on the casing a¹. The waste heat or
products of combustion from the light circulate under the chambers f and through
tubes or
a gradually contracting annular space 9 and heat same to a high
temperature before passing to the chimney or ventilator on the lid.
When the heated air is not to be discharged into the compartment or room, but
is used to warm a circulating pipe or pipes for radiating heat therefrom into the
compartment, I may admit the waste gases or products of combustion to said pipe
or pipes so as to circulate through them along with the hot air, and discharge both
into the atmosphere from the roof or other suitable part of the carriage.
In Fig. I shew one arrangement of apparatus for utilising the waste gases from
the light for heating a pipe or pipes arranged within the compartment or room, said
apparatus consisting of a chamber of having a double shell or casing with a packing /
of asbestos between to prevent radiation of heat from the chamber. The products
of combustion from the light enter into said chamber through the opening in the
reflector and from thence escape through the outlet f¹ into the circulating pipe c.
Air to feed the light may be admitted through a pipe q into the hollow rim
extension a from whence it passes through perforations into the lamp, as
indicated by arrows.
ог
To the pipe c is preferably coupled a short branch pipe passing through the roof
of the carriage so as to convey the waste gases into the atmosphere when the
circulating pipe is not required to be heated, said pipe being closed and the branch
pipe opened by the same valve.
It will be understood that the construction and arrangement of the apparatus as
shewn in the several figures may be modified in many ways to adapt it to different
makes of lamps of the railway carriage pattern or type, and that instead of the cold
air circulating around tubes in a closed chamber as described, the waste gases may
be admitted to such chamber or chest and the cold air circulated through the tubes
or through a coil of tubes within the chamber, the tubes, or chamber, or both,
being plain, or corrugated to enlarge the heating and radiating surface of same.
In lamps fitted to stationary objects I attach vanes to the air inlets or collectors
and ventilators to ensure the mouths of same being brought to the wind or current
of air.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be carried into effect, I declare that
what I claim is:-
Firstly. The warming of railway carriages, compartments, rooms or buildings
1

page_text: atmospheric air heated in said lamps by the waste heat or products of combustion
from the light in the manner substantially as herein shewn and described.
Secondly. In the warming of railway carriages, compartments, or rooms, the
combination, with apparatus such as described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5
for heating atmospheric air in carriage roof or like lamps sealed up from the
interior lighted thereby, of air inlet or collector or collectors provided with
automatic valve or valves, and ventilators for withdrawing the warm or vitiated
air from the compartment or room, all arranged and acting in the manner and for
the purposes substantially as herein shewn and described.
Thirdly. The warming of railway carriages, compartments, or rooms, by radiation
of heat from a pipe or pipes supplied with the waste heat or products of combustion
from the sealed lamp lighting same, or with said waste heat and atmospheric air
heated in said lamp, substantially as set forth.
Fourthly The general construction, arrangement and combination of the
apparatus as applied to carriage roof or other like lamps or lights supplying and
heating atmospheric air for warming the interiors of the compartments or rooms
and ventilating same substantially as herein shewn and described.
ร
1
#
1005
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Huddersfield. Patent Agents.