IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS CARPET- ING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue
& Birkbeck, Patent Agents & Engineers, of 34, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS CARPET-
ING." A communication from abroad by George Crompton, of
TI
-
Tnited States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd November 1870.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck,
Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lanc, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS
CARPETING," a communication to me from abroad by George Crompton,
of Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving Brussels
carpeting, and consists of certain devices for operating the pile wires and

page_text: also the movement operating the jacquart machine, and the instruments
which actuate the linen warps of such looms. Instead of tappets whose
axes are parallel with the crank or other shafts of the loom the tappets
are driven by bevel gearing, preferably from the lower shaft of the loom,
and revolve in such proportion to the crank shaft as is desirable, at right
angles with said shaft, and the tappets made of grooved plates (as in
looms of this class) operate upright levers mounted on a fulcrum to the
outside loom framing immediately above the tappet, and from the upper
and lower extremities of these levers connecting straps pass over and
under sheaves and connect the harnesses thereto which operate the linen
warps. These harnesses are situated behind the jacquard cording. Upon
the same shaft and side by side with the grooved cams for operating the
linen warps are two other cams, one operating at proper intervals a
pendant lever fulcrumed to the framing and passing down through the
tappet nearly to the floor, and a long horizonthal arm passing under the
loom to a rock shaft at the opposite end of the loom. Mounted on the
rock shaft is an upright lever connected to a carriage sliding on a long
slide which carries two fingers, one to withdraw the wire and the other
to insert it into the shed. Two cams on the bottom shaft operate
separately two horizontal arms connected to separate short shafts; on
these short shafts are supported vertical arms sustaining each end of a
trough into which the wire is drawn, while opposite the withdrawal point
parallel to the reed, and the wire is drawn out of the cloth by a catch on
the carriage into the trough. The action of one of the cams above
referred to swings the mouth of the trough opposite the open shed. The
trough is now in an oblique line, and to prevent the wire from striking
the rced at about the time it is half inserted the second cam moves
the heel of the trough back and the wire is inserted, the heads of the
wires being secured in a spring box to keep them in the requisite
vertical position for insertion and withdrawal. The wire is inserted by
an arm or finger projecting from the rear of the carriage of such length
as to push the rear of the wire head and insert it in the shed, whether
the trough is more or less oblique. The movements given to the
rock shaft operating the carriage of the wire motion are effected by the
cam on the same shaft with the tappets for working the linen warps.
The other cam referred to on this tappet shaft is one for working the
jacquard machine. On the inside of the loom framing on about a level
with the top of the tappet wheel a lever is mounted on a stud and
passing horizontally in the rear of the lingoes lies and is operated. by

page_text: the tappet plate, and passing to the outside. thereof a connector is
attached thereto vertically to the cross shaft which controls the jacquard
mechanism above. The action of the tappets upon the upright levers to
the linen warps upon the pendant lever which works the wire motion at
the opposite end of the loom, and upon the horizontal lever which works
the vertical connector that works the jacquard, are timed relatively to
each other as to make sheds for the linen weft and the pile wires, as is
well understood by those acquainted with this class of weaving and may
be adjusted and arranged to all its requirements.
The nature of the Invention consists in operating the linen warp
heddles behind the jacquard harnesses by upright levers operated by
tappets running at right angles with the shafting of the loom, and also
the combination of these with cams on the same shaft arranged for
operating the jacquard machine as described, and also the mode of with-
drawing and inserting the pile wires by means of cams controlling each
end of the trough in the manner described.
The linen harness have been described as being worked by upright
levers and tappets in combination with tappets for working the jacquard
and the wire motion, and as arranged for weaving jacquard Brussels
carpeting. I intend to use a series of these upright levers to operate the
linen and stuffer warps with a wire motion cam on the same tappet
shaft in tapestry looms, and claim as my Invention the combination and
co-operation of such series of upright levers with a pendant lever and
long horizontal connection to the wire motion apparatus as previously
described.
In addition to the above improvements is also a mode of driving the
loom. There is mounted upon the pinion shaft which gears into the
crank shaft, and on which is mounted the driving pulley, a loose pulley,
having a balance wheel attached thereto a third or so wider than the
fast pulley; when the belt is on the fast pulley it is of such width as to be
partially on the loose pulley so that the momentum of the fly wheel will
keep the belt taut and the speed uniform. In shipping the momentum
of the fly wheel on the loose pulley promotes a rapid shipping of the
belt assisted as it is by a break attachment. This part of the Invention
consists in the combination of the fly wheel on the loose pulley, the
break and the break wheel on the pinion shaft put in operation by the
shipper handle or the protector, as the case may be.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd May 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Garrett Tongue, Her special
licence that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Garrett Tongue,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING BRUSSELS CARPETING," a communi-
cation to him from abroad by George Crompton, of Worcester, Massa-
chusetts, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:—
This Invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving Brussels
carpeting, and consists of certain devices for operating the pile wires
and also the movement operating the jacquard machine, and the instru-
ments which actuate the linen warps of such looms, and in the driving

page_text: gear thereof. The improvements render the motion for operating the
linen sheds of Brussels carpet looms and the movement from the driving
shaft to operate the wire motion and the wire motion itself more simple.
than formerly. Instead of tappets whose axes are parallel with the
crank or other shafts of the loom the tappets are driven by bevil gearing
preferably from the lower shaft of the loom, and revolve in such pro-
portion to the crank shaft as it is desirable at right angles with the said
shaft and the tappets made of grooved plates (as in looms of this class)
operate upright levers mounted on a fulcrum; to the outside loom framing
immediately above the tappet and from the upper and lower extremities
of these levers connecting straps pass over and under sheaves and
connect the harnesses thereto which operate the linen warps. These
harnesses are situated behind the jacquard cording. Upon the same
shaft and side by side with the grooved cams for operating the linen
warps are two other cams, one operating at proper intervals a pendant
lever fulcrumed to the framing and passing down through the, tappet
nearly to the floor and a long horizontal arm passing under the loom to
a rock shaft at the opposite end of the loom. Mounted on the rock
shaft is an upright lever connected to a carriage sliding on a long slide
which carries two fingers, one to withdraw the wire and the other to
insert it into the shed. Two cams on the bottom shaft operate sepa-
rately two horizontal arms connected to separate short shafts. On these
short shafts are supported vertical arms sustaining each end of a trough
into which the wire is drawn, while opposite the withdrawal point
parallel to the reed, and the wire is drawn out of the cloth by a catch on
the carriage into the trough. The action of one of the cams above
referred to swings the mouth of the trough opposite the open shed.
The trough is now in an oblique line, and to prevent the wire from
striking the reed at about the time it is half inserted the second cam
moves the heel of the trough back and the wire is inserted, the heads
of the wires being secured in a spring box to keep them in the requisite
vertical position for insertion and withdrawal. The wire is inserted by
an arm or finger projecting from the rear of the carriage of such length
as to push the rear of the wire head and insert it in the shed whether
the trough is more or less oblique. The movements given to the rock
shaft operating the carriage of the wire motion are effected by the cam
on the same shaft with the tappets for working the linen warps. The
other cam referred to on this tappet shaft is one for working the
jacquard machine. In the inside of the loom framing on about a level

page_text: with the top of the tappet wheel a lever is mounted on a stud, and
passing horizontally in the rear of the lingoes lies in and is operated by
the tappet plate, and passing to the outside thereof a connector is
attached thereto vertically to the cross shaft which controls the jacquard
mechanism above. The actions of the tappets upon the upright levers
to the linen warps upon the pendant lever which works the wire motion
at the opposite end of the loom and upon the horizontal lever which
works the vertical connector that works the jacquard are timed relatively
to each other so as to make sheds for the linen weft and the pile wires, as
is well understood by those acquainted with this class of weaving, and
may be adjusted and arranged to all its requirements. The nature of
this part of the Invention consists in operating the linen warp heddles
behind the jacquard harnesses by upright levers operated by tappets
running at right angles with the shafting of the loom, and also the
combination of these with cams on the same shaft arranged for operating
the jacquard machine as described, and also the mode of withdrawing
and inserting the pile wires by means of cams controlling each end of
the trough in the manner described. The linen harness have been
described as being worked by upright levers and tappets in combination
with tappets for working the jacquard and the wire motion, and as
arranged for weaving jacquard Brussels carpeting. It is intended to use
à scries of these upright levers to operate the linen and stuffer warps
with a wire motion cam on the same tappet shaft in tapestry looms and
claim as the Invention the combination and co-operation of such scrics
of upright levers with a pendant lever and long horizontal connection to
the wire motion apparatus, as previously described.
In addition to the above improvements is also a mode of driving the
loom, as shown in Figure 5 of the Drawings hereunto annexed. There
is mounted upon the pinion shaft, which gears into the crank shaft, and
on which is mounted the driving pulley, a loose pulley having a balance
wheel attached thereto a third or so wider than the fast pulley. When
the belt is on the fast pulley it is of such width as to be partially on the
loose pulley, so that the momentum of the fly wheel will keep the belt
taut and the speed uniform. In shipping the momentum of the fly
wheel on the loose pulley promotes a rapid shipping of the belt, assisted
as it is by a break attachment. This part of the Invention consists in
the combination of the fly wheel on the loose pulley, the break and
break wheel on the pinion shaft put in motion by the shipper handle
or the protector, as the case may be.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a section taken through the loom in front of the
harnesses; Figure 2 represents a section taken through the loom in
front of the levers operating the wire motion; Figure 3 represents a
section taken through the looma in front of the levers operating the
jacquard. All these Figures are clevations. Figure 4 is an end elevation
of the levers for working the wire motion, the harnesses, and also the
jacquard operated by the cams; Figure 5 is a plan of the loom showing
some of the principal operating parts thereof; Figure 6 is an end clevation
of the loom showing the wire motion. Detailed plans of cams are shown
on Sheet 6.
The bottom shaft a is driven one-third of the revolution of the top or
crank shaft a². The cross shaft a² is driven one-half the turns of the
bottom shaft a, or one-sixth of the crank shaft a'. The cross shaft a
carries the tappets for working the harnesses for operating the linen
warp also the lever for operating the wire motion, and the lever for
operating the jacquard.
In Figure 1, b, b', are the upright levers for operating the linen warps
hung on centres at 62; their extremities are connected by straps to the
harness frames 6s, 6. The upright levers are operated by cams 6º, 6º, on
the cross shaft a³.
In Figure 2, Sheet 2, the pendant lever c is hung from a centre c¹,
and its lower end is connected by a long connector to a shaft c³, as shown
in Figure 6, which shaft operates the lever c' mounted upon it, and
gives movement to the carriage which withdraws and inserts the
wires fff, the lever c being operated by the cam c on the cross
shaft a².
Figure 3 shows horizontal lever d on fulcrum & and connected at its
extremity to the long vertical connector d² which reaches the lever d³ on
a cross shaft d' actuating the jacquard, also shown in Figure 4. The
lever is operated by the cam & on the cross shaft a².
In Figure 6 on shaft a are mounted two cams e, e¹; each of these
cams operate on horizontal arm e², e³, connected to the short shaft c^, e*;
these short shafts carry the upright arms c, c', to the upper extremities of

page_text: which is jointed by universal joints the wire trough e³. The cams are
so arranged that they bring the trough into a line parallel with the reed
when a wire is to be withdrawn (as seen in plan Figure 5), and in their
revolution swing the mouth of the trough into a position to insert the
wires close to the reed (shown in same Figure by dotted lines) during
the early period of its insertion, and swinging the heel of it, so that the
wire is kept away from the reed during the latter period of the insertion.
The dwell on the cams at e' bringing the trough opposite the mouth of
the wire box e¹ and pausing there sufficiently to allow the wire head to
be forced into the box, and then moving to the position described and
shown in Figure 5.
.
Figure 4 shows the different levers c, b, b', and d, in their relative
positions to each other and in their relation to the cross or tappet shaft
in elevation. The wire box e" is filled by the wire heads, which by
means of a spring f' are kept in the requisite vertical position to be
withdrawn by the finger f¹. Figure 13 enlarged shows the form of the
wire head and finger or catch for the withdrawal of the wires, the
finger f¹ and the finger f³ for inserting and withdrawing the pile wires
are both carried by the carriage c³, and are shewn in Figures 5 and 2.
The construction and operation of the several parts having been
described, I will now describe the combination and operation of the
whole so far as the improvements in question are concerned in making
Brussels carpeting. The cam on the tappet shaft which operates the
long connection and through it the jacquard machine by selecting the
appropriate warp threads form the upper shed and the remaining warps
are held down or remain passive by the lingoes, the linen warp usually
drawn equally through two harnesses is kept down and the shed is
formed for the introduction of the pile wire. The cam on the tappet
shaft works the pendant lever, and by the long connector the swinging
arm and the carriage (the trough having been brought into position
opposite the shed by the two cams on the lower shaft) the wire is inserted
in the shed and beaten up by the reed. The linen warp is now divided,
one harness up and the other down, by the action of the cams on
tappet shaft and the upright levers, the cumberboard is raised by a cam
on the lower shaft bringing up all of the worsted warp, and a pick of
linen weft is now thrown on the back of the fabric, the cumberboard and
jacquard are both now lowered and a pick is thrown on the top binding
the wire. A new figure shed is now formed by tlie jacquaru with the

page_text: , the
linen warps depressed and another wire is inserted, the linen warps now
form a shed with the levers reversed from their former position by the
cams, the lever then up being down, and the one down being up,“
cumberboard being raised and the back and top pick being put in as.
before described. The action of the tappet shaft it will be seen controls
the movement of the linen warp, the action of jacquard, and the insertion
and withdrawal of the pile wires.
Another part of my improvements is in looms for weaving tapestry
carpets by which a double-faced carpet may be woven like that which is
fully described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me dated 5th
October 1870, No. 2636.
I will now describe this part of the improvements, Sheet 7, Figure 12,
represents the frame of the loom 1, 1, 1, 1.
A tappet shaft 3 is driven by bevel gearing 4 and 5 which actuates
upright levers 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10; the extremitics of these lovers are
connected to harness frames, through which are drawn respectively the
stuffer warp 11, the linen warps 12, the upper printed warp 13, and through
the front harness the lower print warp 14. The tappets are shown and
actuate the levers 6', operating lever 6, and so forth, and are so timed
as to move and hold the heddles and the warps drawn through them,
cach warp standing in one harness only, save the linen warp, which is
equally and alternately divided into two harness and operated by the
levers 7 and 8 and their respective tappets 7' and 8¹. The pronged
wire 15 (shown at Figure 15) is worked in the trough in the ordinary
manner of working the single wire, except that in their entrance into'
the shed a pointed block marked 16 is made stationery, and divides the
wires, so that the upper one shall enter the upper division of the shed as
at 17 (see Figure 16), and the lower wire enter the lower half of the
shed, as at 18, which are sections of the wires, and when beaten up
form the pile both at the top and bottom, the stuffer and binder warp
being in the centre, and which are operated by the cams, as is well
understood.
1
•
The movements of the parts and the weaver's draught for weaving
double-faced tapestry carpets having been fully described and shewn in
the Specification of Letters Patent before referred to it will not be
necessary to repeat the same here, as a competent weaver will by

page_text: reierence uncreto readily understand the nature of this part, of these
improvements.
The improvements in Icoms for weaving Brussels or tapestry Brussels
carpets herein-before described and claimed under the above in part
recited Letters Patent are as follows:-
The upright levers for working the linen warp in a Brussels carpet
loom arranged at the back of the jacquard harness, substantially in the
manner herein described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
The arrangement and operation of the parts constituting the wire
motion derived from the cam on the same shaft with the tappets which
work the heddles (at right angles with the crank shaft), substantially
in the manner heroin described and shown in the accompanying
Drawings..
.
The pendant lever c operated by the tappet c', substantially as herein.
shown and described.
.
The arrangement and operation of a wire trough es, which oscillates
and vibrates in combination, substantially for the purpose herein shown
and described.
The cams e, e¹, in combination with shaft c', and the upright arms
which support the wire trough for giving it irregular movement, sub-
stantially as herein shown and described.
The lever operating and in combination with the tappet revolving
at right angles with the crank shaft, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
The connector to the jacquard d² arranged and acting substantially in 2
the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
The lever d and the tappet cam d³ arranged and actuated substantially
as herein described and shewn in Sheet 3 of the Drawings.
The general arrangement and combination of parts for weaving
Brussels, tapestry Brussels, and double-faced tapestry Brussels carpets, a
substantially as hercin described and shown in the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Lastly. The mode of driving the loom, consisting in the combination
of a fly wheel on the loose pulley, the break and break wheel on the
pinion shaft put in operation by the shipper handle or the protector, 3

page_text: substantially as herein described and shown in Figure 5 of the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE. (L.S.)