IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. VARNISHES AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Anthony Dale, of Hull, in the County
of York, Engineer, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF. VARNISHES AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THIS
PURPOSE."
Sealed the 30th January 1872, and dated the 11th December 1871.
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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Anthony Dale
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th December 1871.
"
I, WILLIAM ANTHONY DALE, of Hull, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I use superheated steam or hot air to
melt the gums and to heat the oils employed in the manufacture of
varnishes.

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When steam is used it is generated in any suitable boiler and carried
off through a coil of pipe arranged in the flue of the boiler furnace, the
steam thereby becoming superheated. This superheated steam is
admitted into a hollow jacket surrounding the bottom, or the bottom
and sides of the copper or pan in which the gums are to be melted.
From this hollow jacket .the steam passes by means of a pipe into a
coil of pipe arranged in the vessel or tank containing the oil to be
heated, and from thence escapes by a suitable escape pipe. The copper
or pan containing the gums is by preference placed higher than the
vessel or tank containing the oil, so that when the gums are sufficiently
melted and ready for mixing, they can be run off into the vessel or tank
containing the oil. To this vessel or tank, two, air pumps are by
preference attached to pump air into it for oxydizing the oil to give the
varnish a body.
It is also proposed to use hot air instead of steam, and for that
purpose an air pump is fixed to take in cold air to be worked by a steam
engine or donkey engine, which compresses it and forces it through the
coil of pipes fixed in the furnace or flue. The air thereby becoming
heated is admitted into a hollow jacket surrounding the bottom or the
bottom and sides of the copper or pan in which the gums are to be
melted; from this hollow jacket the hot air passes by means of a pipe
into a perforated coil of pipes arranged in the vessel or tank containing
the oil to be heated. The hot air escapes through the oils and varnish,
thereby oxydizing and heating the oil, and rendering unnecessary the
two air pumps required as in the plan proposed when making varnish
by superheated steam.
.
By this Invention either by the use of superheated steam or hot air

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WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her" heirs and successors,
5 give and grant unto me, the said William Anthony Dale, Her special
license that I, the. said William Anthony, Dale, my executors, adminis-
trators,..and assigns, or such others as I; the said William Anthony
Dale; my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man; an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISHES AND IN APPARATUS TO BE
USED FOR THIS PURPOSE," upon the condition (amongst others) that. I,.
the said William Anthony Dale, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
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NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Anthony Dale, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
·
According to my Invention I use superheated steam or hot air to
melt the gums and to heat the oils employed in the manufacture of
varnishes.
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When steam is used it is generated in any suitable boiler and carried
off through a coil of pipe arranged in the flue of the boiler furnace, the
steam thereby becoming superheated. This superheated steam is
admitted into a hollow jacket surrounding, the bottom or the bottom
and, sides, of, the copper or pan. in which the gums are to be melted.
From this hollow jacket the steam passes by means of a pipe into a coil
of pipe arranged in the vessel or tank containing the oil to be heated,
and from thence escapes by a
escapes by a suitable escape pipe. The copper or pan
containing the gums is by preférence placed higher than the vessel or
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air pumps driven by the, shaft and it is directed by the three-way
cock either, into the pipe m[or the pipe n. The pipe m leads to the
coilo which is in the flue of the furnace b, and between it and the
chimney passage f; p is a pipe rising from the heating coil o and entering
the vessel a, within which it forms a perforated coil; q is a cock on, the
pipe p; it is opened when it is desired to admit hot air into the vessel a.
The workman regulates the fire b. so that the air may be sufficiently hot
to easily melt the gums, but not overheated.
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By blowing in cold air by the pipen the operator" can lower the
temperature of the pan or vessel a whenever he sees reason to do so;
r is a hood covering the pan or vessel a and provided with a pipe to
lead the vapours away to condensing pipes; s is a stopper closing a hole
in the hood; by removing this stopper the workman can examine the
contents of the pan or vessel, or in place of these arrangements the
pan may be furnished with a bell hood such as is now in common use.
When the gums are melted the operator thins the gums with oil so
that they may run freely, and by removing a plug from the bottom of
the pan or vessel a he lets the gums flow by the pipet into the mixing
pan u. Whilst the gums have been melting, the oil is heated and boiled
in the pan u, air being blown through it to oxidise it. **
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As before mentioned a closed coil of pipes contained in the vessel u
and having superheated steam passed through them may be used to
heat the oil, but in the arrangement which the Drawing shows heated
air is used. The heated air is led from the coil o into the pan u by the
pipe v, which forms a perforated coil at the bottom of the pan. When
the oil is sufficiently hot and the gums are ready, they are run into the
pan and the stirrer w is set in motion slowly. This stirrer has two arms
as is shewn and the oil in the pan stands about at the level of the upper
arm; the gums and driers are thus completely mixed in with the oil,
the temperature being controlled by turning off the hot air when
required and substituting cold air, which can be instantaneously done by
means of the three-way cock x, and especially cold air is thus employed
for cooling down the materials before the spirit is added in thinning and
finishing off the varnish.
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By this. Invention either by the use of superheated steam or hot air

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my-said-Invention and the
manner of performing the same; I would have it understood that I do
not confine" myself to the exact details described; but I claim as my
improvements in the manufacture of varnishes and in apparatus to be
used for this purpose,
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1st. The use of air or steam and air to heat and control the tempera-
ture of the varnish making materials during the operations of mixing
and boiling substantially as described in place of using fire heat applied
to the exterior, of the mixing pan as heretofore.
2nd. The general arrangement of the apparatus substantially as de-
scribed.
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In witness whereof, I, the said William Anthony Dale, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this 10th day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
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