Improvements in or connected with Bakers' and Pastrycooks' Ovens.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Bakers' and Pastrycooks' Ovens.
I, LOUIS AMÉDÉE MOUSSEAU, Furnace Manufacturer, of 125, Quai de Valmy,
Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the heating apparatuses for bakers'
and pastrycooks' ovens, in which the grate, movable vertically and horizontally is
raised into the oven at the time of heating through an opening in the sole or base,
and consists in utilising the vertical movements of raising and lowering of the
furnace to manipulate levers or chain wheels connected to movable traps closing the
opening effected in the sole or base of the oven, through which the furnace passes
into the oven, in such manner that by raising or lowering the furnace the said trap
or traps are opened or closed automatically; in utilising the heat absorbed by these
traps whilst they are open and resting against the edge or edges of the furnace
whilst it is heating the oven, to produce the mist or vapour necessary to glaze the
bread or pastry by passing water or a suitable liquid into hollows in the traps as
soon as they are closed and at the moment of putting the paste in the oven; and
in connecting the hollow trunnions of these automatically movable traps with a
vapour tube situated underneath the sole around the space occupied by the furnace
during the heating, and sending the vapour into the oven by two jets placed one
on the right and one on the left of the mouth of the oven.
Dated this 20th dor of Max 1807
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in or connected with Bakers' and Pastrycooks' Ovens.
I, LOUIS AMÉDÉE MOUSSEAU, Furnace Manufacturer, of 125, Quai de Valmy,
Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in the heating apparatuses for baker's
and pastrycook's ovens, in which the grate, movable vertically and horizontally is
raised into the oven at the time of heating through an opening in the sole or base,
and consists in utilising the vertical movement of raising and lowering of the
furnace to manipulate levers or chain wheels connected to movable traps closing the
opening effected in the sole or base of the oven, through which the furnace passes
CD
077

page_text: into the oven, in such manner that by raising or lowering the furnace the said trap
or traps are opened or closed automatically; in utilising the heat absorbed by these
traps whilst they are open and resting against the edge or edges of the furnace
whilst it is heating the oven, to produce the mist or vapour necessary to glaze the
bread or pastry by passing water or a suitable liquid into hollows in the traps as
soon as they are closed and at the moment of putting the paste in the oven; and
in connecting the hollow trunnions of these automatically movable traps with a
vapour tube situated underneath the sole around the space occupied by the furnace
during the heating, and sending the vapour into the oven by two jets placed one
on the right and one on the left of the mouth of the oven.
In the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings Fig. 1 is a transverse vertical
section of the mechanism by which the movable fire place or furnace is displaced,
the said fire place or furnace being in a partly lowered position.
Fig. 2 is an elevation showing the mechanism, which serves to raise the movable
fire place or furnace and to automatically open the oscillating trap-doors, closing
its passage across the flooring slabs of the oven. The left hand portion of this
figure represents the furnace during the operation of raising the saine and at the
moment, when the left hand trap-door is entirely open. The right hand portion
of the figure represents the furnace in its lowest position, that is to say at the
moment, when the right hand trap-door is entirely closed. The furnace and its
ash-pit are here represented in dotted lines in their extreme positions, namely the
highest and the lowest.
$
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section, showing a plan of the body of the oven near its
feed-opening and representing the position of the oscillating trap-doors and of the
pipes distributing the water or steam at either side of the feed-opening.
This heating apparatus for bakers' and pastry-cooks' ovens and the like consists
of a rectangular fire place or furnace f with a cast metal outer frame provided with
vertical slot-holes f', the interior of which frame is lined with vertical or slightly
inclined squares of fire-proof material f³, while the bottom of the fire place or
furnace is furnished with gratings f³. Upon the cast metal outer frame four
friction rollers g are pivotally fixed, which are adapted to roll along the rails g¹ of
a cast metal base h, in the interior of which a metal plate h¹ is provided, which
directs and conveys the cinders or ashes, arising from the furnace, beyond the
bottom of the base h. The lower part of this base is bevel edged at h² so as to admit
of its being applied against a frame and of thus forming a tight joint therewith
when the fire place or furnace occupies its highest position, and projects over the
level of the flooring slabs n of the oven. The furnace f and the ash pit or base h
are supported by means of a crossbar and of endless chains m placed sideways of
the guide bars or posts a which are fastened on to the masonry of the lower vault
of the oven. The chains m pass over wheels 1, 2, 3, 4. The wheels A are mounted
on a transverse shaft o set in rotary motion by the bevel wheels and 6 through
the medium of a crank, which is not represented and which is fixed to the square o
of the shaft o¹. A ratchet wheel 7 in connection with a pawl 8 enables the fire
place or furnace to be stopped at any desired height. The base h is provided later-
ally with rectangular brackets i, fixed to guides which slide along the inner rail a¹
of the posts or supports a.
The rectangular opening provided in the flooring or lining of the oven is closed
during the baking operation by means of two trap doors b which are pivotally
connected to a metal frame c supported at the top of the posts a. These hollow
oscillating trap doors 6 are made of metal and are externally covered with square 5
refractory slabs b¹. Water enters through one of their pivots near the feed
opening B of the oven and passes through a pipe d, while through the opposite
pivot the wet-steam is enabled to escape, which passes through the pipe d into a
transverse conduit e from each end of which starts a smaller pipe p which is turned
down vertically at p¹ and passes along the pier or support of the vault V of the oven, 5
and the open nozzle p³ of which passes toward the base of the oven F.

page_text: The frame c, the pipes dd' and e are arranged directly below the flooring or
lining. The covering 6' of the trap doors is flush with the flooring or lining n when
the trap doors are in closed position.
་
Each of the trap doors is provided with a bearing with which one end of a
connecting rod is pivotally connected the other end being jointed to an arm of a
lever r, pivoted at s to an arm or bracket a³ on the frame a. The arm of the lever r
opposite that to which the connecting rod q is pivotally fixed is bent at r¹ and serves
as a rail on which a friction roller t fixed below the base his adapted to travel.
The left hand lever r has its bent portion formed of two rectilinear arms meeting
at r. The right hand lever has its bent portion likewise formed of two rectilinear
arms meeting at 1 but near this point r a depression or recess 2 is made, the
object of which is to enable the friction roller t to so enter this recess that the right
hand trap door opens prior to the left hand trap door, so as to thus ensure a tighter
closing by means of a cover-joint 6. The hollow trap door contains a syphon u.
When the base h occupies its lowest position, it is possible to pull the furnace f
outwards and to cause the same to pass over the horizontal rails placed at the same
level and to thus disengage the furnace from below the oven for cleaning, charging
and repairing purposes.
It is evident that on raising the furnace and its base the lower arms of the
levers r, pushed by the trap doors b, slide upon the friction roller t, and the right
hand roller engaging the recess first disengages the right hand trap door where-
upon the trap doors gradually descend while the furnace rises. At the moment
when they are completely open, the furnace reaches their lowest part and can then
freely continue its ascending movement until it slightly projects over the flooring
or lining. In this position the edge h² of the base bears against the frame k form-
ing at this place a tight joint against the open air. The furnace sends its flames
into the oven F where they are drawn through chimneys terminating near the
periphery of the oven.
As soon as the heating is deemed sufficient the furnace with its base is again
lowered and the trap doors are simultaneously closed. As the trap doors have
become highly heated, owing to the close neighbourhood of the furnace, water may
be at this place passed through the pipes d which is instantly converted into steam
which spreads out in the oven through the nozzles or conduits p². The excess
of water contained in the plates 6 flows through the syphons u when the trap doors
have been swung vertically.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a movable fire place or furnace device for heating bakers' and pastry-cooks'
and like ovens, the combination of a rectangular cast metal furnace or fire place
proper with an open frame and refractory inner lining, the said fire place or furnace
being provided with four wheels, and with a base, the lower edge of which is
bevelled, so as to admit of its being applied against an inclined frame and of thus
forming a tight joint, the said base being internally provided with a plate, serving
to direct and convey the cinders beyond the bottom of the base and having friction
rollers provided upon its lower face, against which bear levers, connected by
connecting-rods with the oscillating trap doors, closing the opening, through which
the furnace or fire place passes into the oven.
2. The combination of hollow oscillating or pivotting metal plates, closing the
opening, through which the furnace or fire place passes into the oven; with levers,
pivotted to the guide posts or standards of the furnace, which are displaced under
the action of the weight of the door by the ascending movement of the furnace and
its base, whereby the oscillating trap doors are thus automatically opened and closed.
3. The combination of hollow oscillating trap-doors, turning on hollow pivots:

page_text: with transverse pipes, arranged in the interior of the oven beneath the flooring and
distributing the wet-steam or water to the right and left of the feed opening, during
the baking operation.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.