A NEW PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN MATERIAL PRODUCED FROM A VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO THE PURPOSES OF AFFORDING LIGHT, AND OTHER USES
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
SOAMES, the younger, of Wheeler Street, Spitalfields, in the County of
Middlesex, Soap Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Second day of November, in the tenth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Soames, the younger, His especial licence, that I, the said James
Soames, the younger, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Soames, the younger, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention or discovery of "A NEW PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN
MATERIAL PRODUCED FROM A VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE, AND THE APPLICATION THEREOF
TO THE PURPOSES OF AFFORDING LIGHT, AND OTHER USES," in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said James Soames, the
younger, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention or discovery, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar

page_text: months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, réference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Soames, the younger, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion or discovery to consist in preparing or manufacturing the material or
substance commonly called cocoa-nut oil, by subjecting it to the process of
hydraulic or other suitable pressure, by which process I separate the elaine, by
which I mean-the-more-fluid-part-from-the-stearine,-by-which.I mean t
more solid part, and thereby obtain two products, one fit to be applied to the
manufacture of candles, and the other to burning, in ordinary lamps and other
purposes.
_the_
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said James Soames,
the younger, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to
be performed, by the following description thereof (that is to say):
I take the substance called cocoa-nut oil in the state in which it is imported
into this country, and submit it to strong bydraulic pressure (the size of the
press I use being of ten-inch ram), having first made it up in small packages
three or four inches wide and two feet long, and-one-or-one-and-a-half-inches.
thick. These packages are formed by first wrapping up the said substance in.
strong linen cloth of close texture; and then in an outward wrapper of strong
sail cloth; the packages are to be placed side by side in single rows between.
the plates of the press, allowing a small space between the packages for the
escape of the elaine. The temperature at which the pressure is begun. should
be from about 50 to 55 degrees, or in summer as nearly at this range as can
be attained, and the packages of the said substance intended for pressure
should be exposed for several hours previously to about the same temperature.
When the packages will no longer yield their oil or elaine freely at this.
temperature, it is to be gradually raised, but it must at no time exceed; 65°,
and the lower the temperature at which the separation can be effected the.
better will be the quality of the oil expressed. When the packages are
sufficiently pressed, that is, when they will give out no more oil, or yield it.
only-in-drops at long intervals, the residuum in them is to be taken out and
cleansed or purified, which I do by melting it in a well tinned copper vessel,
which is fixed in an outer vessel having a vacant space between the two,
which is closed at the top, and into which steam is admitted, and the heat is
kept up moderately for, a sufficient time to allow the impurities to subside,,
but if a still higher degree of purity is required, it is necessary to pass it

page_text: through filters of thick flannel lined with blotting paper. Having been thus:
cleansed or purified it is fit for the manufacture of candles, which are made.
by the ordinary process used in making mould tallow candles. Having thus.
disposed of the stearine, or what I call the first product, I proceed with the
elaine or oil expressed from it, and which I call the second product, as follows
(that is to say)--I purify it by an admixture according to the degree of its
apparent foulness, of from one to two per cent. by weight of the sulphuric
acid of commerce of about 1-8 specific gravity, diluted with six times its weight
of water. The whole is then to be violently agitated by mechanical means,
and I prefer for this purpose the use of a vessel constructed on the principle
of a common barrel churn. When sufficiently agitated it will have a dirty.
whitish appearance, and is then to be drawn off into another vessel, in which it
is to be allowed to settle, and any scum that rises is to be carefully taken off. .
In a day or two the impurities will be deposited at the bottom of the oil,:
which will then become clear or nearly so, and it is then to be filtered through
thick woollen cloths, after which it will be fit for burning in ordinary lamps,
and other uses, such as sharpening instruments on a hone, oiling locks, and
the like.
Now, whereas the process of separating the elaine from the stearine by
pressure in manner aforesaid has never before been applied to the substance
called cocoa-nut oil, and consequently no product has heretofore been obtained
thereby from that substance fit for being manufactured into candles in the
ordinary way, or for being refined by any of the usual modes so as to burn in
ordinary lamps, both which objects are obtained by my method of preparing
or manufacturing the said substance.
And whereas I therefore hereby claim as my Invention or discovery the
manner herein-before described of preparing or manufacturing the substance
called cocoa-nut oil by hydraulic or other suitable pressure, and the application
of the products obtained thereby, one to the purpose of making candles, and
the other to the purpose of burning in ordinary lamps without the necessity of
applying the conductors of heat and other contrivances now adopted with
cocoa-nut oil in its ordinary state as imported is used for burning, and also to
other uses.
And such my Invention or discovery being to the best of my knowledge and
belief entirely new, and never before used within His said Majesty's Colonies
and Plantatious abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the
And that I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply in
all respects fully and without reserve or disguise with the proviso in the said
same.

page_text: herein before in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I hereby
claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege tot my said Invention or
discovery.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Soames, the younger, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of March, One 5
thousand eight hundred and thirty.
JAMES (L.s) SOAMĖS, Jª.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1880, the aforesaid James Soames, the younger, came before™
our said. Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification 1
aforesaid, 'and-all and everything therein contained and specified, in **form"
above written And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose...
Inrolled the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thirty.
1