matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Whitehouse at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1859.
I, WILLIAM WHITEHOUSE, of New Ferry, near Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM VESSELS," to be as follows:- }
1. A double-ended vessel, propelled by two screws, one at each end, capable
of working together, the action of which is either simultaneous or separate, as
occasion may require, in preference to the cumbersome and wind-holding
paddle-boxes, which only partially act in rough weather, and are liable to throw
the spray over the passengers; this plan also requiring 40 per cent. less
engine power and fuel to obtain the same rate of speed than the old plan.
The said vessel, from being able to go either end first, is particularly adapted
for short passenger traffic.
2. A steering wheel raised on a platform above the deck, amidships, the
same operating by means of chains or ropes on both rudders at once, by which
the vessel can be turned in a smaller space and much more expeditiously than
on the ordinary plan. N.B. The novelty here is the using both rudders at
once.
3. A discharge pipe for waste steam, which instead of being carried up the
side of the chimney, as is usually done, is carried by a transverse pipe over
each side of the vessel below the surface of the water, where it discharges, by
which means the great noise caused by the escape of the steam, and the drip of
condensed steam liable to fall on passengers' clothes, are effectually got rid of.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAYS AND APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CONVEYANCE OF MAILS, GOODS, AND PASSENGERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Vaughan Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 80th
March 1859.
I, WILLIAM VAUGHAN EDWARDS, of Swindon, in the County of Wilts, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAYS AND APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE CONVEYANCE OF
MAILS, GOODS, AND PASSENGERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of ways
and apparatus to facilitate the conveyance of mails, goods, and passengers.
For these purposes a tunnel or enclosed passage is constructed between distant
places, with arrangements for stopping at the terminal and at intermediate
stations to deliver and take mails, goods, and passengers. At the lower part
of such tunnel or enclosed way two parallel rails or trams are formed, by
preference, in longitudinal grooves or recesses. The carriages which run in
this tunnel or enclosed way have each four wheels, two before and two behind.
The body of the carriage is supported by suitable projections at the fore and
hinder parts, and such projections receive the bearings or brasses of the axles-
which are applied at their ends. Each wheel is fixed to a short axle, the
inner end of which is received into and is supported by a central bearing, so
that the wheels may run independently of each other, which will facilitate the
passage of the carriage round curves. The interior of each carriage is to be
arranged according to the purpose for which it is to be used, whether for the
carriage of mails, or goods, or passengers.

page_text: The form of the body of each carriage is, by preference, to correspond with
the transverse section of the tunnel or closed way, but of less sectional area, in
order that the carriages may be perfectly free from contact with the interior of
the tunnel or covered way. At the terminal and other stations arrangements
are made for a carriage or a train of carriages to be brought to rest by means!
of valves, which are caused to descend and close a given section or length of
the tunnel or enclosed way, and passages are opened to admit air into such
closed section, in order that there may be no pressure of air acting on the
carriage or carriages in one direction, whilst the tunnel or way is exhausted in
advance of the carriage or carriages, a piston or pistons are applied in advance
of or behind the carriage or train of carriages, and the way or tunnel is
kept exhausted in advance of the carriages when they are required to be in
motion.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL CHENILLE, FRINGES, AND BRAIDS, OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Leeson, of No. 13, Traffic Street, Derby, in
the County of Derby, Lace Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL CHENILLE,
FRINGES, AND BRAIDS, OR OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 29th November 1859, and dated the 30th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Leeson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1859.
I, ENOCH LEESON, of No. 13, Traffic Street, Derby, in the County of Derby,
Lace Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL CHENILLE,
FRINGES, AND BRAIDS, OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the employment of embossed cutter, rollers in
relief (alto relievo), and in bas relief (basso relievo), to be applied to the cutting
and ornamenting simultaneously of chenille, fringes, and braids, or other
fabrics composed of silk, cotton, or other fibrous material.
In order to explain my Invention I propose that the chenille shall be woven
in a loom, and caused to pass through the embossed cutter rollers, dividing the

page_text: silk or other material into as many parts as may be required, at the same time
the warp threads are to pass through the said rollers and are taken up by a
twisting thread, and carried to a spindle fixed at a required distance to receive
them. This operation preserves the pile from being crushed, and thus saves
the trouble and expense of getting it up.
In making ornamental fringe for embroidery I place the figures in the tails
of the fringe, and not in the heads thereof, as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING PAINTS AND VARNISHES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Craig Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1859.
I, JAMES CRAIG FISHER, of 51, Cathedral Street, Glasgow, Manager of
Cook's Patent Composition Company, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING PAINTS AND VARNISHES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing paints and
varnishes, and consists in employing fusil oil in combination with shellac in
preparing paints and varnishes with methylated or wood spirit, or with other
materials.
FASTENING OR SECURING PACKING CASES IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THEY CANNOT BE OPENED WITHOUT SUCH OPENING BEING DETECTED, AND TERMED BY ME 'DETECTIVE FASTENING FOR PACKING CASES
Year: 1859

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Mathew Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 17th December 1859, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
I, MATHEW WRIGHT, of 17, Gracechurch Street, London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for. "FASTENING OR SECURING PACKING CASES
IN SUCH A MANNER THAT THEY CANNOT BE OPENED WITHOUT SUCH OPENING BEING
DETECTED, AND TERMED BY ME 'DETECTIVE FASTENING FOR PACKING CASES,"" to be
as follows:-
The box or packing case may be made of wood, iron, zinc, copper, or other
suitable materials. The ends of the box or case are secured and strengthened
by means of a band of iron, copper, zinc, or other suitable material passed or
bound round the ends, and secured thereto by means of nails of a suitable
description; the nail which secures the ends of these bands, which are lapped
over each other, passes through in a skew direction, and is clinched on the
inside, and thus the binding or bands cannot be removed without detection.
In one end of the lid is inserted one, two, or more pins, which slip or fit into
holes prepared in the end of the box or case to receive them. At the opposite
end of the box or case are one, two, or more iron, zinc, copper, brass, or other
suitable standards, screwed or otherwise secured to the inside of the box or
In the top of these standards are screw holes, into which, when the
case is closed, are inserted screw ring pins, properly adapted thereto. In order

page_text: to support the lid a ledge is fixed at each end of the box or case, and also at
the sides should additional strength be required. In order to close and secure
the packing case, the end of the lid containing the pins is slipped under the
metal or other band which at one end is made wider, in order to receive it,
and the pins fitting into the holes before described, the lid cannot be removed
even should the metal band be taken off. The lid is then allowed to fall on
to the aforesaid ledge prepared for its support, and the ring pins are screwed
into the standard, and when so screwed project over the end of the lid ; a piece of
tape, string, leather, parchment, wire, or other flexible material is then passed
through the two rings, and the ends thereof secured by means of a seal com-
posed of any suitable material to the lid or other convenient part of the
packing case; thus the ring pins cannot be unscrewed until the tape, string, or
other flexible material is cut, or otherwise removed from the ring pins. The
sides of the packing case and lid may be further secured or strengthened by
means of side clips, or by additional bands nailed, screwed, or otherwise secured
thereto.
MATHEW WRIGHT. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED OMNIBUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ransley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1859.
I, JAMES RANSLEY, of No. 19, Prince's Terrace, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED OMNIBUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming the bodies of omnibuses of such a shape
as to give greater accommodation to passengers when inside, and also greater
facility when getting in and out; also in placing the wheels in such a position
as to make the draught much lighter, with a shorter lock, and in constructing
the wheels considerably lighter than the wheels in ordinary use. In order to
accomplish these objects I build the body of the omnibus narrower in front
than behind, and in the spaces so left the front wheels (which are as large as
the ordinary hind ones) are placed, the seats in this part of the body being
of a circular form. The doors of the omnibus are placed one on each side, and
the seats in the hinder part are placed back to back. This part of the omnibus
is considerably lower than the front, and the wheels pass under the seats, being
small or ordinary sized front wheels, and much closer together; the con-
sequence being that on account of the extremely light structure of the entire
vehicle one horse is able to do the same work for which two are now employed.
The wheels are built in the following manner :-The spokes are all to be
wrought together with the nave as one piece, and in between the spokes are

page_text: placed pieces of wood the shape of the spaces to receive them, the wide or
outer ends forming the felloes, a semicircular piece being cut out of each to
placed on a nut to the end of a bolt passed through the tyre from the outside,
thus forming a solid wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April 1859.
I, MICHAEL SCOTT, of 26, Parliament Street, Westminster, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING APPARATUS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, of the addition to the air-pumps of an
indicating cylinder containing a piston. The cylinder being open to the
atmosphere at the top, and connected with the pumps at the bottom
of a pipe and stop-cock, the piston is loaded with weights, which counter-
balance the pressure of the air. The advantages of this arrangement are, that
the position of the piston in the cylinder indicates when the supply of air is
sufficient; if the piston rises to the top of the cylinder the supply is too
great, and if it sinks to the bottom the supply is not sufficient. When
properly weighted, the rise of the piston would indicate that the escape valve
in the helmet is not sufficiently open, and the fall of the piston to the bottom
of the cylinder would indicate a rupture in the air pipe, or a deficient action
in the pumps. In lieu of the ordinary escape valve of the helmet, I apply an
outlet pipe to the exit orifice; this tube is made of the same material as the
common air pipe, except at the outer end, which is composed of india-rubber,
and made flat, the two lips remaining closed when there is no air passing out
and separating to allow it to pass, thus being in effect equal to an outlet valve.
The lower end of the tube hangs near the diver's waist, and within reach of his
hand. In order to prevent water entering the helmet, should one of the

page_text: glasses or windows be fractured, I employ flaps composed of strong india-
rubber attached to the helmet; when not in use, they are buttoned back off
the windows; should a glass break, the diver unbuttons the flap, and laying it
over the window grating, secures it by buttons. In this condition, if the
external pressure of the water be greater than the pressure of the air inside
the helmet, the flaps are pressed against the grating, and prevent the ingress
of the water. In order to prevent the air-pipe couplings from becoming
unscrewed, the rest of the coupling is made cylindrical, with notches cut in
the direction of the axis; and behind the exterior screw the other half of the
coupling is made also cylindrical with similar notches. These two parts being
screwed up and turned, until a notch in one corresponds with a notch in the
other, a short tube thimble, with an inside key or feather, is driven over, until
it joins the exterior of the coupling, being made slightly conical. Instead of
the ordinary rope, which is used as a guide line, I employ a flexible tube
connected with the pumps above and to the diver's helmet by a valvo which
can be opened or shut at pleasure, so that should the ordinary air hose burst
or become damaged, this second tube, which also serves as a guide line, may
immediately be used in place of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEESE VATS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Jones Derham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
April 1859.
I, RICHARD JONES DERHAM, of No. 46, Redcliffe Street, Bristol, in the
County of Somerset, Cooper, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHEESE VATS," to be as follows:-
The cheese vat now in use is a block of turned wood from which there is
much trouble in getting the cheese liberated from it, and in many cases the
vat is broken in the operation. My improvement is to form a vat of staves
with galvanized or not galvanized spring hoops, so that the hoops may open
the staves and thereby easily disengaging the cheese from the vat. This vat
will make cheese considerably faster than those now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS, AND IN THE PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL -SPECIFICATION left by Timothy Whitby and William
Dempsey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd June 1859.
We, TIMOTHY WHITBY, of Millbank Street, Westminster, and WILLIAM
DEMPSEY, of Great George Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS, AND IN THE
PROJECTILES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The first of our improvements in ordnance and fire-arms consists in forming
a recess at the breech end of the interior of the gun or cannon, into which is
fitted a packing or washer of elastic substance, for the purpose of adding
impetus to the projectile, and avoiding the recoil of the gun; projectiles as
at present constructed may be used with this part of our Invention.
Our second improvement consists in forming, in addition to the recess above
described, a passage longitudinally through the breech of the gun, for the
purpose of receiving the shaft of the projectile hereafter described.
Our improvements in projectiles consist in forming the ball or shell with a
tail or shaft (on which is placed the charge of powder and elastic packing);
this shaft may be formed solid or hollow, or partly hollow, and may be charged
if desired; the shaft may also be twisted or grooved, so as to cause the ball
to revolve on the shaft passing through the elastic substance when the gun is

page_text: discharged. We also form a recess round the circumference of the ball or
other projectile to receive an elastic ring, in order to adjust itself to the size
of the bore of the gun. On the charge being inserted, the shaft of the
projectile is passed through into the breech, the elastic packing fitting the
recess above named, and rendering the passage air-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING THE SCARLET COLOR OF WOOLLEN CLOTH, LACE, AND EMBROIDERY, IN USE FOR MILITARY AND OTHER GARMENTS AND FURNITURE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1859.-A communication from Mess". Andrès Burdel and
Chicard, of Paris.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVIVIFYING THE SCARLET COLOR OF WOOLLEN CLOTH, LACE,
AND EMBROIDERY, IN USE FOR MILITARY AND OTHER GARMENTS AND FURNITURE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to revivify the scarlet color of woollen
cloth, lace, and embroidery in use for military and other garments and
furniture. The color of scarlet wool is a very delicate nature and very
susceptible of fading and staining from long use, the treatment which it
undergoes, and the different temperatures to which it is exposed sometimes
change this color to a violet.
To restore the wool to its original scarlet color it is necessary only to apply
the following.composition:-
Citric acid
Carbonate of potash
Water
800 grains.
150 grains.
7,500 grains.
The citric acid is dissolved separately in 4,500 grains of water, and the
carbonate of potash in 3,000 grains of water, after having first pounded each
of these substances separately in a mortar to facilitate the solution.

page_text: When the solution of each of these substances is complete the whole is
mixed together; there is then obtained 7,500 grains of liquid composition;
suitable for restoring the color of scarlet wool.
I would remark that the composition may remain white, or it may be
colored by means of carmine or any other coloring substance.
The composition is mixed cold, as has been described, and employed to
clean and revivify (without alteration) the color of scarlet wool in the following
manner:
1st. Brush the article of scarlet wool when dry.
2nd. Rub the part to be cleaned and revivified with a brush dipped in the
composition, and allow it to soak into the wool during 10 or 15 minutes,
more or less.
3rd. Clean it again with a brush moistened with the same composition until
the wool becomes a deep red color, and allow it to dry.
4th. Wipe the wool over with cold water, rubbing the fabric with a brush,
and allow it to dry. The operation of cleaning and revivifying is then
terminated.
Independently of the citric acid, which is employed by preference, I claim
the employment in substitution thereof of other acids or acid salts; such as
oxalic acid, tartaric acid, cream of tartar, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, salt of
sorrel, or other acid salt capable of producing the same effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING THE POTS FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS USED BY PUBLICANS AND OTHERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Bowen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1859.
I, JOHN JAMES BOWEN, of 136, Great Dover Street, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Licensed Victuallers' Pot Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING THE
POTS FOR CONTAINING LIQUIDS USED BY PUBLICANS AND OTHERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in constructing pots for containing liquids used
by publicans and others with bodies of tinned metal or other suitable and
cheap metallic substance, but having the handles and rims of pewter or other
suitable metal soldered or secured thereto, and with the foot part of each pot
made of pewter, tin, or any other metal that can be run on in the manner
hereafter described, that is, by putting the body of the pot in a mould leaving
an opening in the proper position, and then pouring in the molten metal in
such a way, and at such a heat that it may cause its adhesion to the bottom
part of the body of the pot, and form the foot thereof.
AN IMPROVED UPRIGHT STEAM BOILER
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles George Guy, James
Brough, and Robert Cotton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd July 1859.
We, CHARLES GEORGE GUY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
and Boiler Maker, JAMES BROUGH, of the same Place, Boiler Maker, and
ROBERT COTTON, of the same Place, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED UPRIGHT STEAM BOILER," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
A boiler constructed according to this Invention may be of any suitable
external form, and mounted on an iron frame, feet, or brickwork. The lower
internal portion of the boiler is constructed with a bell or other suitably shaped
chamber, having a water space between the internal and external shell, and
contains the furnace, and forms a smoke-box or combustion chamber at the
back of the bridge. The bridge is formed by a water space, which extends
across the chamber from side to side, and communicates at each end with the
interior of the boiler. It is prefered to make this bridge of a flat oval form in
cross section or with vertical parallel sides, and semicircular at the top and
bottom. The fuel is supplied through a door in the side of the boiler, and the
products of combustion are carried over the bridge into the combustion
chamber at or near the bottom, of which the flue opening is formed. The
combustion chamber is also provided with a small door or port opening, for the
purpose of regulating the supply of atmospheric air, to ensure perfect com-
bustion and to remove any deposit which may accumulate therein. In some

page_text: cases it is prefered to construct the inner chamber with one or more additional
water spaces or passages at the back of the bridge extending across the com-
bustion chamber parallel to the bridge. When two of the additional water
passages are used the first is so arranged that the draught will descend and
pass underneath it, and the second, that the draught will ascend over it and
down to the flue. It is prefered to face the bridge with a casing of fire-brick
to protect it from the direct action of the fire.
A MODE OR METHOD OF APPLYING JOINED SHEETS OF METAL FOR ROOFING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Whytock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th
October 1859.
I, ANDREW WHYTOCK, of No. 12, Little Saint Andrew Street, Upper Saint
Martin's Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex, Superintendent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MODE OR METHOD OF
APPLYING JOINED SHEETS OF METAL FOR ROOFING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows
My Invention consists in putting sheets of iron or other metals together in
any lengths by means of folding, or what is known in the tinplate workers' trade
as grooving, or by means of rivetting or linking, or otherwise connecting the
sheets, in order that they may be laid on roofs or sides of buildings in. any.
required length, or for the purpose of being continuously coated in any required
lengths with other metal, or compounds of other metals, or with paint or tar,.
or other substances used to protect metal surfaces from corrosion or decay, or
other purposes..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS, APPLICABLE ALSO IN ALL CASES WHERE A ROTATORY OR PARTIAL ROTATORY MOTION IS REQUIRED
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
August 1859. A communication from abroad by Messieurs François
Augustin Harel and Michel Boniere, the younger, both of Paris, in the
Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS, APPLICABLE ALSO IN ALL
CASES WHERE A ROTATORY OR PARTIAL ROTATORY MOTION IS REQUIRED," a com-
munication from abroad by Messieurs François Augustin Harel and Michel
Boniere, the younger, both of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus for working the rudders of ships and vessels, which apparatus may
also be employed in all cases where a powerful and controllable rotatory or
partial rotatory motion is required. When applied to the working of a ship's
rudder, according to this Invention, a horizontal worm wheel is firmly secured
to the top of the rudder post or axis, and this wheel is actuated on dia-
metrically opposite sides by a pair of endless screws or worms, the parallel
spindles of which are geared together by a pair of equally sized spur wheels.
On one of these spindles is keyed the ordinary hand steering wheel. By
working this wheel, the screws will impart a partial rotatory motion to the

page_text: worm wheel and rudder, and will at the same time always act as stops to
control its motion.
An indicating pointer may be fixed on the top of the rudder post, which
will shew at a glance the exact position of the rudder as regards the vessel;
in order to reduce the friction as much as possible, spherical rollers or anti-
friction balls may be placed beneath the worm wheel. By applying a worm
wheel to one or both ends of a winding drum or barrel, and working it in the
manner above described by two endless screws, the apparatus may be applied
to the working of a crane or windlass for raising or lowering heavy weights.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Dorning at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1859.
I, WILLIAM JOHN DORNING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, and Manager for Messrs. Edward T. Bellhouse and Co., of the
same Place, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a novel construction and arrangement of traction
engines, and consists, first, in supporting or building the moving power, that is
the cylinders and mechanism connected therewith, upon an iron framework,
either above or below, entirely independent from the boiler.
Secondly, the Invention consists in mounting or balancing the boiler upon a
pivot, shaft, or axle placed about midway between its ends, upon which the
boiler may be moved, so as to be enabled to give certain inclination thereto,
that the boiler may assume a horizontal position when the engine is ascending
or descending inclined surfaces; the said axle or bearing is made hollow, and
the steam is supplied through it to the engines.
A third part of the Invention consists in a novel method of raising or lowering
the ends of the boiler, which is effected by means of screws in connection with
and actuated by the power of the engine, through an arrangement of wheels
and clutch-box gearing. The axle of the traction wheel in connection with
the shaft of the gearing. above may be supplied with springs, and the engine

page_text: may also be arranged on the above principle without any gearing. The traction
wheels when worked by intermediate gearing may be arranged to work both
single and double gear from both sides, or from one side, independent of the
other.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Swainson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th August
1859.
I, EDWARD SWAINSON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Worsted
Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to looms in which two or more shuttles are
employed, and it consists in certain improved combinations of machinery for
raising and lowering the drop box containing the shuttles. In performing my
Invention, I connect the drop box to a rod passing through a swivel socket
coinciding with the axis of the lay swords; to this rod is attached a strap,
cord, or chain, passing over and fixed to a pulley, which is moved partly round
when required by a rack and pinion; this rack is acted upon by tappets fixed
to a disc, strap, or chain, and the tappots are brought into action when required
by a vibrating lever workedfrom the tappet shaft or other convenient part of the
loom; this lever has one or two catches, which act on a double ratchet wheel
connected to the tappet plate, strap, or chain, and the position of the catches
is governed by an endless belt, with pegs or other equivalent means. The
lateral motion given to the rack by the tappets raises the drop box, or allows
it to drop according to the shape of the tappet; consequently any shuttle can
be brought in a line with the shuttle race when required. The tappet plate,
strap, or chain can be moved round first in one direction and then in the
other, by changing the position of the catches. The foregoing arrangement
may be considerably modified by further experiments.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1859.
I, DAVID SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PROJECTILES FOR FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a shell bullet or hollow projectile, comprising
various improvements and susceptible of modification to suit rifles, muskets,
ordnance, or other fire-arms.
In applying the improvements the shell bullet is, by preference, made of
cast iron, and of an elongated form, and is formed with two internal chambers
or cavities. The back or first chamber is filled with detonating powder or
with common gunpowder, which is to be ignited by means of a fuse in the
back of the shell bullet, this fuse being itself ignited by the discharge of the
fire-arm. The back or first chamber communicates with the front or second
chamber by a second fuse, and the front or second chamber is filled with a
combustible mixture, such as phosphorus and flour sulphur, to which may be
added an acid, such as muriatic, nitric, or sulphuric acid, either dry or in
solution, and with such mixture there may be intermingled nails, sand, glass,
or other similar matters. The shell bullet may be fitted externally with two,
three, or more metal springs, which lie flat in shallow recesses when the
shell bullet is in the fire-arm, but which expand and act as feathers during
its flight. Leaden or other soft metal ridges may also be applied to the sides
of the shell bullet to enter rifle grooves, or otherwise act as guides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING OR DRESSING YARNS OR THREADS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wellington Welch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th August 1859.
I, JOHN WELLINGTON WELCH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Warp Sizer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZING OR DRESSING YARNS
OR THREADS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of applying heat to the stiffening matter
of sizing or dressing machines. This is usually done by steam which is
allowed to pass into the fluid by perforated pipes; but according to my
Invention, 1 employ a beated surface for transmitting heat without the issue
of steam. I thus place the stiffening matter in a vessel provided with a
jacket or casing, to which steam is admitted, or I employ a coil of pipes
without perforations, or other arrangement on the same principle.
AN IMPROVED PAD APPLICABLE FOR INKING, DAMPING, & OTHER LIKE PURPOSE BY HAND
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Davis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April 1859.
I, JOHN JAMES DAVIS, of Percival Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, Die Sinker & Press Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PAD APPLICABLE FOR INKING, DAMPING,
& OTHER LIKE PURPOSE BY HAND," to be as follows:―
My Invention of an improved pad relates to the application of a pad mounted
on an axis, so that it can be turned to present different surfaces, as may
be required, for the inking or colouring of stamping surfaces, and for
damping or gumming stamps, envelopes, and other like purposes by hand.
I mount the pad in a suitable stand on an axis, furnished with a thumb
knob or other contrivance, for turning it round readily; it also has a
stop plate with notches in it, into which a spring takes and holds it in position.
These notches are in proportion to the number of faces the pad has; it may
be for inking with one or more colors, for damping, and a pad for the
stamping. For the inking or damping surfaces I fit in the body of the pad
chambers to contain the ink or other fluid, and cover them with cloth or other
inaterial, through which a little of the fluid penetrates; when the pad is
inverted, I apply a hand stamp to the inking surface, and then stamp or
endorse with such inked or coloured stamp on the stamping surface of the
pad, or it may be on a seperate stamping surface. Anything to be damped
or gummed is simply applied, and pressed on the proper surface of the pad for
that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR INDICATING THE WATER LEVEL IN BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE POR INSPECTING THE INTERIOR THEREOF
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Chandler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th July
1859.
I, JAMES CHANDLER, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUSES FOR INDICATING THE WATER LEVEL IN BOILERS AND OTHER VESSELS,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE POR INSPECTING THE INTERIOR THEREOF," to
be as follows:-
I am aware that it has been heretofore proposed to dispense with the
ordinary tube gauges, and to substitute therefor chambers fitted with a plate
glass front, or with plate glass front and sides.
Now, the first part of my Invention consists in the means of packing or
fixing the glass in such chambers. I form a tight joint between the outside
of the glass and the metal frame employed to hold it in place by means of
cement, or red or white lead. I apply another, and by preference a thicker
layer of cement or lead round the edge of the glass, and another layer between
the inside of the glass and the edges of the chamber, against which it rests.
I then make the joints perfectly tight by screwing up the outside frame.
The cement or lead allows for expansion and contraction of the glass without
its breaking.
The second part of my Invention, applicable for indicating the water level in
boilers and other vessels, and for inspecting the interior thereof, consists in

page_text: cutting a slot in the boiler itself, and in screwing over the same a shield or
frame carrying plate glass, with the joints secured and made tight by cement
or lead, and screwing up the frame as before mentioned.
AN IMPROVED CON- STRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR WINDING WINDOW BLINDS, SUN SHADES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES ON THEIR ROLLERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 5th February
1859.
I, HENRY ANDERSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CON-
STRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR WINDING WINDOW BLINDS, SUN SHADES, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES ON THEIR ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
This apparatus, which is small and neat, is affixed to window frames in the
same position as any of the spring roller blind apparatus to sun shades, car-
riages, and other appliances, where most convenient, but in such a position
that the motion can be communicated to the roller. The blind cord is fastened
to the apparatus lever and to the bottom of the blind, and works exactly the
same as the spring roller blinds at present in use; it consists of a framing
through which is passed two journals, the end of the one being fastened to the
blind roller; to this journal is affixed, by a stud or its equivalent, a steel
"circumvolvular," or "coiled "spring, the other end is fastened to the framing;
on the same journal is also a toothed wheel gearing with a small pinion on the
other journal, on this latter journal, alongside the pinion, is a ratchet wheel, on
it the end of the lever, to which is attached the cord, is made to rest by a vee-
shaped spring. This apparatus will wind on the roller a greater length of
material than any in use, will accomplish it more speedily and at a less cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Todd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1859.
I, MATTHEW TODD, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Wool
Comber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is an improvement upon or applicable to machinery for
which Letters Patent were granted to James Noble, of Leeds, No. 894, dated
April 13th, 1853, in the using of which machinery for combing long wools it
is found that the dirty and projecting ends lag behind, or that the fibre is not
brought up parallel with the line of centres of the two circular combs, but is
laid on obliquely thereto. To remedy which I employ a fluted roller placed
in close proximity to one of the dabbing brushes, resting upon the wool or
fibre, to which I give a rotary motion, at such speed as will draw forward the
ends of the fibre, so that it will be laid square across the combs, or radial with
the centres thereof.
A CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENT IN COFFINS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Parkinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th February
1859.
I, JAMES PARKINSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENT IN COFFINS," to be as follows:-
The improvement consists in manufacturing coffins or burial cases of glass, that
is, substituting glass in place of other materials, either to be used as an interior
case or shell, and used with an ordinary wooden coffin instead of lead, or the
glass coffin may be used alone. The coffin may either be made in two halves
and cemented or bolted together or otherwise as required, or it may be made of
cast glass or of plates of glass, and cemented or joined at will, and the glass
may be in a rough state or polished, and may be rendered opaque or
transparent or colored, and may be of any form or description of which the
capabilities of glass will allow.
AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE PUTTING ON OF BOOTS TO THE FEET
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Birtwell and Richard
Marshall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th September 1859.
We, THOMAS BIRTWELL and RICHARD MARSHALL, both of Padiham, in the
County of Lancaster, Farmers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE
PUTTING ON OF BOOTS TO THE FEET," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an arrangement of apparatus for holding or retain-
ing boots in a proper position whilst the wearer places them upon the feet.
The improvement consists in the use of a foot piece of wood or metal, one end
being recessed to contain the boot heel, and from which are erected, either at
the sides or ends, one or more vertical supports, having their upper extremities
increased in width, upon which the loops attached to the boot are placed, and´
thus the boot is supported and firmly held, thereby facilitating the operation
of putting the boots on to the feet. The supports may be so arranged as to
fold or take out, in order to effect portability.
A NEW MECHANICAL MILL, PROPER FOR MILLING EVERY SORT OF GRAINS, DRIED OR TORREFIED, SUCH AS COFFEE AND Cocoa
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thomas Boutet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1859.
I, CHARLES THOMAS BOUTET, of No. 12, Chenies Street, Tottenham Court
Road, London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW MECHANICAL MILL, PROPER FOR MILLING EVERY
SORT OF GRAINS, DRIED OR TORREFIED, SUCH AS COFFEE AND Cocoa," to be as
follows:-
1°. A wooden box or room in which the apparatus is mounted.
2º. A mill-hopper or recipient containing the grains, which falls into the
box by the grooved opening in the bottom of the hopper.
3. Six iron pestles bruising the grain.
4°. Two iron cross-bars, used as guides for each pestle.
5°. Two iron plates used to fix the guides.
6°. Six circular notchs for raising the pestles.
7°. An iron grating with a thin iron plate, perforated in order to make a
sieve, in which passes the bruised grain.
8°. Two thin iron plates bent for conducting the grain between the
cylinders.
9°. Two iron cylinders for milling the grain into powder.
10. A screw which tightens or loosens the cylinders in order to mill biger
or smaller.
11°. A drawer to receive the grain when milled.

page_text: The movement is composed of a handle put in motion by the hand, and
on the axle of which is fixed a notched wheel which commands two pinions
also notched, one of them transmitting the motion by the means of the circular
notchs fixed on two parallel axles, and the other causing the cylinders to turn,
which are commanded one by another, and by a double notched wheel.
One is easily convinced that this new mill has its base on a double principle;
it is all at once a bruiser and a miller put in motion by a single movement.
This system has a double advantage; it can, although being complicated, be
made relatively at a very low price, and can make for an equal price of sell
and with much less fatigue, five or six times more work than the mills now in
The aparatus requires but a small room, and can be placed anywhere,
it wants only to be kept in repairs on account of the wearing out which is
nearly unapreciable, and in short it has the property of makng that a stone or
anything of the sort cannot be mixed with the grain when milling.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES OR STANDS FOR HOLDING LIQUOR BOTTLES, PICKLE JARS, CRUETS AND CASTORS, AND FOR HOLDING BOTTLES AND VESSELS GENERALLY
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas White at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April 1859.
I, THOMAS WHITE, of Edgbaston, near Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Managing Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES OR STANDS FOR HOLDING
LIQUOR BOTTLES, PICKLE JARS, CRUETS AND CASTORS, AND FOR HOLDING BOTTLES
AND VESSELS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to make the frames or stands for holding
liquor bottles, pickle jars, cruets and castors, and for other like purposes, in
separate pieces, which said separate pieces may be joined at pleasure to
a central piece having a handle, so as to form a frame or stand of the ordinary
kind. Those portions of the stand in which the bottles are inserted are fixed
to the bottles, and are each furnished with a dovetail or other fastening,
which may be readily engaged with the central piece; each bottle may also be
provided with a metallic or other handle, so that the said bottle will be
complete in itself, and convenient for use apart from the others. My Inven-
tion is applicable to frames made either of metal, or wood, or other material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL DRILL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lakin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April 1859.
1, JOHN LAKIN, the younger, of Hall End, near Tamworth, in the County
of Warwick, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL DRILL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an agricultural drill for drilling turnips, mangold
wurzell, and artificial manure, and for such other purposes as the same is or
may be applicable to. The artificial manure is contained in a hopper, from
which it is allowed to pass by means of a slide, which can be adjusted so as
to permit the desired quantity of manure to fall.
The said manure is received on a spout to which said spout a vibrating
motion is communicated by the advancing motion of the drill. The said
vibrating spout deposits the manure by a sidelong delivery, in a line on the
fresh turned furrow made by two single or one double furrowed plough, which
preceeds the drill. A prong in front of the drill makes a channel for
the manure, and another prong behind the vibrating spout stirs the said
manure into the soil. A small harrow attached to the plough covers in the
said manure. The main wheels of the drill run in the open furrow, and are
guided by it; the drill consequently requires no steering. The drillman or
attendant throws the seed pulley into and out of gear at the turns, and lets
down the steadying wheels when the drill is out of the furrow. The said
gearing resembles that of an ordinary agricultural drill. Owing to the readi-
ness with which the vibrating spout frees itself from damp substances, having
a tendency to adhere thereto, my Invention is particularly applicable to the

page_text: distribution of ashes which have been saturated or moistened with liquid
manure. The essential feature of my Invention is tho vibrating spout
herein-before described, which said spout delivers the manure by a sidelong
delivery.