Improvements in or relating to Water-Current or Wind Motors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 13th May, 1899
Complete Specification left 11th lan
1000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Water-Current or Wind Motors.
I, NICOLAS IWANISSOFF, of Vspulna 32, Warsaw, in the Empire of Russia,
Engineer and Technologist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The improved motor consists of a vertical wooden or metallic shaft, which may
be hollow, according to the size and power of the motor, and depending on the
construction of the pivot-bearings. In a preferred form of construction a medium
sized motor, is constructed which is provided with a Fontain's pivot in which
the pivot pin rests on the flat surface of a semi-spherical body in a suitable cap
or casing, and a hollow metallic shaft, with a steel rod inside it. On this shaft
are keyed two metal bosses or plates each having four mortises or
which are secured radial arms.
upper and lower bosses are in one vertical plane. Between the upper and lower
The bosses are keyed so that the arms of the
recesses in
arms being in one vertical plane are hinged doors or plates turning freely on
axles or rods. The axles are provided at their extremities with collars, bolts
and nuts, thus serving as tie rods between the upper and lower arms.
Near the shaft through the upper boss extend rods which at their lower ends
rest in recesses or bearings in the lower boss. These rods are provided with pro-
jections. When the door nearest to the shaft is put in position, it will be checked
by the projection, the inner edge of the next door will then come in contact with
the first door, the third with the second and so on; in this manner all doors or
plates arranged between two arms will be provided with stops thus forming a
plane paddle of the wheel, on which will act the force of the current of air or
water. When such a wheel is placed in a river, its shaft being in vertical posi-
tion, one paddle will represent an unbroken flat surface resisting the current
while the opposite one will have its doors turned in the direction of the current
since they are not hindered by their stops. It is evident that having the paddles
hus arranged, the shaft will revolve and this movement may be transmitted any-
where in any desired manner for electrical or mechanical purposes. The upper
and lower arms in order to be more rigid may have their ends connected together
by iron tie rods. The inner vertical rods have their upper ends fastened by
vedges or the like to a plate, which can slide up and down the central shaft and
s revolved by it being mounted loosely on keys on said shaft. The plate is sur-
ounded by a ring provided with pivots by means of which the ring is connected
a lever through which passes a screw provided with a hand-wheel.
ide of the door opposite to the projections with which it is in contact, are formed
On the
lots through which the said projections can pass freely when they are placed
pposite the slots. If the hand-wheel is turned in the direction of the hands of
clock, by the action of the screw, nut, rods and the lever, the plate will be
aised and with it the rods and when the projections come opposite to the slots
he door which was previously held by these projections will be released and can
Price 81

page_text: be turned by the current; thus releasing the next door, which will also assume
the direction of the current; the same action taking place with all the doors
forming the paddle and the wheel will stop. The doors being in such position,
if the hand-wheel is turned in the opposite direction, the rods with their pro-
jections will be lowered into their former position, and if the whole wheel is
turned by hand or by a starting device in one or the other direction until in one
of the paddles the door nearest to the shaft again becomes closed by the current
and pressed against the projections then all doors of the paddle will be closed
and the movement of the wheel will begin again.
In this manner such a construction of paddles allows the working of the wheel
in both directions, so that it may be used for working reversible machines.
Such a motor may be set up in a river very simply and cheaply by means of
a floating wooden frame. For the convenience of the erection of this frame on
the water, two frames consisting of beams are previously; on the shore, firmly
tied together by tenons, iron clamps and bolts. Between the vertical beams of
each frame are put the ends of the lower horizontal beams on which is placed
the pivot bearing and these beams are connected together by blocks. Then the
shaft and the wheel are put in place and after placing the structure so made in
the water, other beams which at the top are fastened by wedges, are laid down.
Then the upper part of the frame which forms a floating raft is erected, the upper
bearings are put in and the floor is made. The wooden and metallic parts of the
wheel immersed in the water must be so calculated, that their total specific gravity
approaches to one. Such a wheel with its frame will float on account of its own
small specific gravity and thus form a raft on which may be set up the necessary
mechanical or electrical power transmissions, railings, sheds or even light build-
ings. In case of larger loads to be carried by the raft barrels may be placed under
it, and in very powerful wheels with considerable loads on the frame the floating
power of the raft may be increased by forming a box or vessel like construction
for the supporting frame. The raft with its wheel is connected to the shore by
ropes or when in the middle of a stream it may be anchored or tied to piles.
In order to make the wheel work more rapidly, to the described frame may be
attached a long box or trough of a tunnel like form, with its larger end against
the current; then the velocity of the water in this trough will be greater than
that in the river and the wheel will run faster. Under some circumstances the
wheel may be built with a non-portable frame fixed in the bottom of the river.
The wheel must then be placed at such a depth, where the velocity of the current
is greatest and where ice in winter-time could not interrupt the working of the
wheel.
Practical considerations do not favour the paddles of the wheel being larger
than 5 meter long and 1.5 meter deep, which in rivers with ordinary current
velocities cannot develop any considerable power. For enlarging the power of
the wheel in rivers with a sufficient depth of water a compound wheel may be
constructed.
For this purpose on the shaft of the wheel is mounted a third boss also with
four cross like mortises or recesses for the arms, and the central boss is replaced
by another one with eight mortises, of which four are on its upper side and serve
for the lower arms of the upper wheel and the other four on the under side and
serve for the upper arms of the lower wheel. The doors of the lower wheel are
constructed like the upper ones. The lower arms of the upper wheel and the
upper arms of the lower wheel are fixed in a common boss with eight mortises,
so that their outer ends may be connected together by an iron ring or hoop. The
lower boss is mounted in such a manner, that between the arms of the upper and
Jower wheels there will be an angle of 45 degrees.
For stopping the lower wheel a similar appliance is used as for the upper
wheel i.e. rods with projections, a plate with eight holes, of which four serve for
fixing the lower rods and through the other four pass the upper rods; a lever,
connecting rods, a screw with a nut and a hand-wheel. The lower rods pass

page_text: through the central boss and at their bottom ends rest in cavities of the lower
boss. By separate turning of one or other of the handwheels the top or the
bottom wheel may be thrown out of action. Thus we have a means of regulating
the working of the wheel when its full power is not required or in times of
high tide on account of the greater rapidity of the current. For stopping the
compound wheel entirely, both hand wheels must be operated so as to stop simul-
taneously both the top and bottom wheels.
both hand wheels simultaneously there may be provided a catch or pawl pivotted
To operate more conveniently
to the hub of the lower hand-wheel and engaging in a slot of the upper hand
wheel hub, so that by turning one of the hand wheels both are rotated and the
whole motor is stopped; but when the hand wheels are unlocked either may be
worked independently of the other.
.
According to the depth of the river to compound motors may be added a
third or a fourth wheel. The paddles of the third wheel should be in a vertical
plane with the paddles of the upper wheel, and the second and fourth wheels
should be similarly arranged.
In shallow water to increase the power of the motors the wheels may be formed
with chains.
The chain motor consists of similar paddles, to those described above; i.e. it
consists of two beams ties of which the nearest to the central shafts are provided
with slots and rods with projections. The only difference is that the upper and
lower beams of the paddles are not placed with their ends in the mortises of the
bosses, mounted on the shafts, but are fixed at equal distances from each other
to two endless pinjointed chains of which the upper one passes round two spur
wheels keyed on the two vertical shafts, and the lower chain passes round two simi-
lar wheels. The rods at their bottom ends rest in recesses in the lower paddle
beams, and their upper ends pass through holes in the upper beams, and besides
projections provided, with rollers serves for the lowering and raising of the rods.
Each chain wheel consists of a boss or hub with mortises or recesses for the arms
wooden arms and a V-shaped cast iron rim. The rim consists of separate parts,
joined together and to the arms by bolts. To secure these joints each part of the
rim is provided with a tenon and mortise. To reduce the specific gravity of the
rim its interior is filled with wood. To secure the paddles to the chain, on the
paddles beams are screwed by bolts iron cross like plates which are riveted to
the plates of the chain links. The floating frame of the chain motor on which
are mounted both the central vertical shafts consists of two frames of single
motors connected together by beams.
a
For stopping, governing and reversing the chain motor there is provided
similar device to the one described, the difference being that by means of the
hand wheels screws nuts connecting rods levers and plates the rods are not
raised immediately but by means of other rods, the plates are raised with the
rings resting on them and riveted to these rings the frames of angle iron, which
surrounds both the shafts. The levers and the plates with the rings are mounted
on both shafts and the rings of one shaft are connected to the rings of the other
by the frames. But the hand wheels the screws with nuts and the connecting
rods are mounted only on one of the shafts. To raise the frames simultaneously.
between the central beams are placed pivotted elbow levers and at other points
other elbow levers are provided. By turning the handwheels the ends of the
levers are raised and the connections to their horizontal arms; then the vertical
arms of these elbow levers will move to the one side and by means of the con-
necting rods pull the vertical arms of the other elbow levers by which movement
the horizontal arms of the latter will rise and by the levers mounted on the other
shaft, and by the plate connected to these levers by rods connected to the ends of
other levers will raise the frames simultaneously. Together with these frames
by means of the rollers the rods will be raised when the chain motor is immersed
n the river, its shafts being in a vertical position and paddle doors suitably
arranged the current will press with full power only on the paddles on say the

page_text: right hand side of the shafts and will turn the wheels opposite to the direction
of the hands of a clock.
If by turning the handwheels the frames and the rods are raised until the
projections come opposite the slots in all paddles the doors will assume the direc-
tion of the current so that the action of the water on both sides of the wheel
being balanced the motor will stop. The rollers of the rods are so mounted that
one set of rods is raised by one frame and the other set by the other. By turning
one of the hand wheels only half of the rods can be raised and thus throw out of
action half of the paddles. Such an arrangement of the rods affords a means of
governing the work done by the motor. To stop the motor entirely the hand-
wheels are as before coupled together by a catch so that both are turned
simultaneously.
To increase the velocity of the motor as in the former case a quadrilateral box
or trough is used with its large end toward the current.
When the paddles of the motor are of considerable length, to secure their
proper position in respect to the chain there must be provided tie rods which are
at one end hinged to tie pins of the chain and at the others joined by pins to the
plates belonging to the paddle beams. In motors of great power where the
number of paddles and the distance between the vertical shafts is considerable,
to prevent the vibration of the paddles and chains the paddle beams are at their
ends provided with rollers which roll on rails secured on the beams by the aid
of fishplates. To prevent the vibration of the frames fishplates upon the beams
are provided with brackets which are grasped by forks riveted to the frames.
In deep rivers the power of the motor may be still further increased by adding
a third, fourth or fifth chain with corresponding spur wheels on the vertical
shafts. To all these chains are attached paddles in such a manner that the
paddles of the second row from the top have their upper beams fastened to the
lower plates of the second chain and the lower beams fastened to the upper link
plates of the third chain the paddles of the second row should alternate with the
paddles of the upper row. The paddles of the third row from the top have their
upper beams attached to the lower beams to the upper link plates of the fourth
and are arranged in a vertical plane with the upper paddles. The paddles of the
fourth row are in similar manner arranged between the third and fifth rows, lying
in a plane with the paddles of the second row.
In all these motors the wooden and metallic parts, which are immersed in the
water, must be calculated in such a manner that their common specific gravity
approaches to one. The floating, power of the device may be increased by barrels,
inserted under it, or by a box or vessel like construction of the frame itself.
In such a manner by using the described paddles and arranging them on the
shafts as stated a small, cheap motor can be constructed as well as very power-
ful ones:
especially the chain motors may be made of very considerable power.
If a vertical shaft of sufficient length is set up and on the top of it paddles or
sails of proper dimensions are mounted with sufficient number of doors of similar
construction as used in the water motors with similar devices for stopping
governing and reversing the motion, excepting the hand wheels which instead of
being placed on the top are mounted below the motor, a wind motor can be made
having all the advantages of existing systems, and the additional advantage of
working without any difference being made and not requiring to be turned
should a change in the direction of the wind take place.
By using the compound system with wheels arranged one over another a
motor may be constructed of larger power than any existing wind motor, the
sails being mounted direct upon a vertical shaft bevel gearing may be dispensed
with which are indispensable in existing wind motors.
All these described motors work by the aid of the same paddles or sails and are
all provided with the same device for stopping, governing and reversing the
motor. The various motors differ from each other only by the number of the

page_text: paddles or sails and by the manner in which they are mounted on the shafts,
according to the size of the motor and to local conditions or requirements.
Dated this 13th day of May 1899
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, NICOLAS IWANISSOFF, Engineer Technologist, of Vspulna 32, Warsaw, in the
Empire of Russia, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The improved motor consists of a vertical wooden or metallic shaft, which may
be hollow, according to the size and power of the motor, and depending on the
construction of the pivot bearings.
In the accompanying drawings is represented a medium sized motor which is
provided with a pivot bearing, and a hollow metallic shaft, with a steel rod inside
it. On this shaft are keyed two metal bosses or plates a and b (Figure 1) each
having four mortises or recesses in which are secured radial arms g (Figures 1
and 2). The bosses are keyed so that the arms of the upper and lower bosses are
in one vertical plane. Between the upper and lower arms are hinged "doors,"
blades or plates d (Figures 1, 2 and 5) turning freely on pivots or rods e
(Figure 5). The rods are provided at their extremities with collars, bolts and
nuts, thus serving as tie rods between the upper and lower arms.
Near the shaft through the upper boss extend rods Z, which at their lower ends
rest in recesses or bearings in the lower boss. These rods are provided with pro-
jections . When the door nearest to the shaft is put in the position shown in
Figure 5, it will be checked by the projections the inner edges of the next door
will then come in contact with the first door, the third with the second and so on;
in this manner all doors or plates arranged between two arms will be provided
with stops thus forming a substantially flat paddle or surface on which will act
the force of the current of air or water. When such a wheel is placed in a river,
its shaft being in vertical position and the doors arranged as shown in Figure 1,
one paddle will represent an unbroken flat surface resisting the current while
the opposite one will have its doors turned in the direction of the current since
they are not hindered by their stops. It is evident, that having the paddles thus
arranged the shaft will revolve and this movement may be transmitted anywhere
in any desired manner for electrical or mechanical purposes. The upper and
lower arms in order to be more rigid may have their ends connected together by
iron tie rods. The inner vertical rods Z have their upper ends fastened by wedges
or keys or the like to a plate K (Fig. 4), which can slide up and down the cen-
tral shaft, by means of a feather mon said shaft. The plate k is surrounded by
a ring provided with pivots or lugs o, (Fig. 4) by means of which the ring k-
is connected to a fork-shaped lever 2 (Figs. 5 and 6) one end of which has its
fulcrum at r, whilst the other end is connected by means of two rods ss (Fig. 6)
with a nut through which passes a screw h (Fig. 4) provided with a hand
wheel g (Figs. 4, 5 and 6). On the side of the door opposite to the projections i,
with which it is in contact, are formed slots v (Figure 5) through which the said
projections can pass freely when they are moved opposite the slots. If the hand
wheel is turned in the direction of the hands of a clock by the action of the
screw h, nut f, rods s, and lever p the plate K will be raised and with it the rods Z
and when the projections i come opposite to the slots v, the door which was pre-

page_text: viously held by these projections will be released and can be turned by the
current; thus releasing the next door, which will also assume the direction of
the current; the same actions taking place with all the doors forming the paddle
and the wheel will stop. The doors being in such position, if the hand wheel
is turned in the opposite direction, the rods Z with their projections i will be
lowered into their former position, and if the whole wheel is turned by hand or
by a starting device in one or the other direction until in one of the paddles the
door nearest to the shaft again becomes closed by the current and pressed against
the projections i, all doors of the paddle will be closed and the movement of the
wheel will begin again.
In this manner such a construction of paddles allows the working of the wheel
in both directions, so that it may be used for working reversible machines.
Such a motor may be set up in a river very simply and cheaply by means of a
floating wooden frame, represented in Figures 1, 2 and 3. For the convenience
of the erection of this frame on the water two frames (Figure 3) consisting of
beams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are previously, on the shore, firmly united by
tenons, clamps and bolts. Between the vertical beams 5, 6 and 7 of each frame
are placed the ends of the lower horizontal beams 10 and 11 on which is placed
the pivot bearing and these beams are connected together by blocks 12 (Figures 1
2 and 3). Then the shaft and the wheel are put in place and after placing the
structure so made in the water other beams 13 and 14 are laid down which at the
top are fastened by wedges w (Figures 1 and 3). Then the upper part of the frame
which forms a floating raft is erected the upper bearings are put in and the
floor is made. The wooden and metallic parts of the wheel immersed in the
water must be so calculated that their total specific gravity approaches to one.
Such a wheel with its frame will float on account of its own small specific gravity
and thus form a raft on which may be set up the necessary mechanical or elec-
trical power transmissions, railways, sheds, or even light buildings. In case of
larger loads to be carried by the raft barrels may be placed under it and in very
powerful wheels with considerable loads on the frame the floating power of the
raft may be increased by forming a box or vessel-like construction for the sup-
porting frame. The raft with its wheel is connected to the shore by chains or
ropes; or when in the middle of a stream it may be anchored or tied to piles.
In order to make the wheel work more rapidly, to the described frame may be.
attached a long box or trough of a tunnel like form, with its larger end against
the current; then the velocity of the water in this trough will be greater than
that in the river and the wheel will run faster. Under some circumstances the
wheel may be formed with a non-portable frame fixed to the bottom of the river.
The wheel must then be placed at such a depth, where the velocity of the current
is greatest and where ice in winter-time could not interrupt the working of the
wheel.
Practical considerations do not favour the paddles of the wheel being larger
than 5 meters long and 1.5 meters deep, which in rivers with ordinary current
velocities cannot develop any considerable power. For enlarging the power of
the wheel in rivers with a sufficient depth of water a compound wheel may be
constructed.
For this purpose on the shaft of the wheel is mounted a third boss c (Figure 1)
also with four cross mortises or recesses for the arms, and the central boss bis
replaced by another one with eight mortises, of which four are on its upper side
and serve for the lower arms of the upper wheel and the other four on the under
side and serve for the upper arms of the lower wheel. The doors d' of the lower
wheel are constructed like the upper ones. The lower arms of the upper wheel
and the upper arms of the lower wheel are fixed in a common boss with eight mor-
tises, so that their outer ends may be connected together by an iron ring or
hoop y (Figure 2). The lower boss c is mounted in such a manner, that between
the arms of the upper and lower wheels there will be an angle of 45°.
For stopping the lower wheel a similar appliance is used as for the upper wheel

page_text: i.c. rods Z (Figure 5) with projections like those at i; a plate K₁ with 8 holes,
of which 4 serve for fixing the rods Z and through the other 4 pass the rods Z;
a lever pl; connecting rods s; a screw u with a nutt and a hand wheel g¹
(Figures 4 and 5). The rods 7 pass through the central boss b and at their bottoni
ends rest in cavities of the lower boss c. By separately turning one or other of
the hand wheels q or q¹ the top or the bottom wheel may be thrown out of action.
Thus a means of regulating the working of the wheel is provided when its full
power is not required, or in times of high tide on account of the greater rapidity
of the current. For stopping the compound wheel entirely, both hand wheels q
and q must be operated so as to stop simultaneously both the top and the bottom
wheels: To operate more conveniently both hand wheels q and q¹ simultaneously
there may be provided a catch or pawl 15 (Figure 4) pivoted to the hub of the
lower hand-wheel and engaging in a slot of the upper hand wheel hub. In the
position shown in the Figure 4, both hand wheels are locked together so that by
turning one of the hand wheels both are rotated and the whole motor is stopped,
but when the hand wheels are unlocked, either may be worked independently of
the other.
According to the depth of the river to such compound motors may be added a
third or a fourth wheel. The paddles of the third wheel should be in a vertical
plane with the paddles of the upper wheel, and the second and fourth wheels
should be similarly arranged.
In shallow water to increase the power of the motors two or more wheels may be
connected by chains or ropes as shown in Figures 7, 8 and 9.
The chain motor consists of similar paddles to those described above, i.e. it
comprises pairs of beams g ties of which the nearest to the central shafts E
(Figure 9) are provided with slots and rods with projections (Figures 7, 8,
9, 10, 11, 12, 13). The only difference is that the upper and lower beams of
the paddles are not placed with their ends in the mortises of the bosses mounted
on the shafts, but are fixed at equal distances from each other to two endless
pin-jointed chains (Figures 7, 8 and 9), of which the upper one passes around two
spur wheels D D keyed on the two vertical shafts E E, and the lower chain passes
round 2 similar wheels D D. The rods at their bottom ends rest in recesses
in the lower paddle beams and their upper ends pass through holes in the upper
beams; and the projections are provided with rollers 17 (Figures 11, 12 and 13)
to facilitate the lowering and raising of the rods 7. Each chain wheel consists
of a boss or hub with mortises or recesses for the arms, wooden arms and a
V-shaped cast iron rim. The rim consists of separate parts, jointed together and
to the arms by bolts 18 (Figure 10). To secure these joints each part of the rim
is provided with a tenon 19 and mortise (Figure 10). To reduce the specific
gravity of the rim its interior may be filled with wood. To secure
the paddles to the chain, on the paddles, bars are screwed by bolts 20
(Figure 10) iron cross-like plates abcgdej Z which are riveted to the plates i
of the chain links. The floating frame of the chain motor on which are mounted
both the central vertical shafts E consists of two frames of single motors con-
nected together by beams P Q F (Figures 7, 8 and 9).
3
For stopping, governing and reversing the chain motor there is provided a
similar device to that shown in Figures 5 and 6, the difference being that by
means of the hand wheels : screws h, u; nuts t,f; connecting rods ssi,
levers p,p and plates K, K' the rods are not raised immediately, but by means
of other rods j, j (Figure 11) the plates K K¹ are raised with the rings LLI
resting on them and riveted to these rings the frames M M of angle-iron, which
surround both the shafts EE. The levers ppl (Figure 9) and the plates KK'
with the rings LL' are mounted on both shafts and the rings LL' of one shaft.
are connected to the rings of the other by the frames MM. But the hand.
wheels q¹ the screws h, with nuts f, and the connecting rods s, s¹ are mounted
only on one of the shafts EE. To raise the frames M and M₁ simultaneously,
at points P P (Figure 9) between the beams RR (Figure S) are placed pivotted
elbow levers F, represented on Figure 15, and at other points ss (Figure 9)

page_text: other elbow levers F2, shown on Figure 16, are pivotted. By turning the hand
wheels the ends of the levers ?¹ are raised, and their connections to their
horizontal arms: then the vertical arms of the elbow levers will move to the
right (Figure 9) and by means of connecting rods TT pull the vertical arms
of the other elbow levers in points s¹ and PPI, by which movement the hori-
zontal arms of the latter will rise, and by the levers ppl mounted on the other
shaft and by the plates KK' connected to these levers by the rods U U¹
(Figures 9 and 14) connected to the ends of the levers F (Figure 15) in the
points ss will raise the frames M M¹ simultaneously. Together with the
frames M M by means of the rollers 17 (Figures 11, 12 and 13) the rods 2 will
be raised. When the chain motor is immersed in. the river, its shafts being
in a vertical position and paddle doors suitably arranged, as shown by Figure 7
the current will press with full power only on the paddles shown on the right hand
side of the shaft and if running in the direction of the arrow will turn the
wheels opposite to the direction of the hands of a clock.
If by turning the hand wheels 9g the frames KK and the rods Z2 are raised
until the projections come opposite the slots ¹ in all the paddles, the doors
will assume the direction of the current so that the action of the water on both
sides of the wheel being balanced the motor will stop. The rollers 17 of one
rod Z3 are mounted as shown in Figure 11 and of the other rods as shown in
Figure 13, the result being that the former rods 72 are raised by the frame M
and the latter by M. The rods Z2 which are raised by the frame M¹ belong to
the paddles indicated in Figure 7 by the numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and
those, raised by the frame M are mounted on the paddles numbered 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15 and 16. In this manner by turning one of the hand wheels
or q¹ only half of the rods 72 will be raised thus throwing out of action half of
the paddles i.e. the numbers 1 to 8 or those numbered 9 to 16. Such an arrange-
ment of the rods 72 affords a means of governing the work done by the motor.
To stop the motor entirely the hand wheels and q¹ are as before coupled together
by a catch 15 (Figure 4)" so that both are turned simultaneously.
To increase the velocity of the motor as in the former case a quadrilateral box
or trough is used with its large end toward the current.
When the paddles of the motor are of considerable length, to secure their
proper position relatively to the chain tie rods 7 (Figure 7) must be provided
which are at one end hinged to tie pins of the chain and at the others joined by
pins to the plates s belonging to the paddle beams. In motors of great power
where the number of paddles and the distance between the vertical shafts E E
is considerable, to prevent vibration of the paddles and chains the paddle beams
are at their ends provided with rollers P2 which roll on rails t¹ (Figures 12 and 13)
secured on the beams F F, Q Q, R R, F F by the aid of fish-plates h, q, and w
(Figures 7 and 8). To prevent the vibration of the frames M M fishplates w
upon the beams R R (Figures 8 and 9) are provided with brackets x (Figures 13, 14
and 9) which are grasped by forks y' riveted to the frames M M¹.
In deep rivers the power of the motor may be still further increased by adding
a third, fourth or fifth chain with corresponding spur wheels on the vertical
shafts E E. To all these chains are attached paddles in such a manner that the
paddles of the second row from the top have their upper beams fastened to the
lower plates of the second chain and the lower beams fastened to the upper
link-plates of the third chain, the paddles of the second row should alternate
with the paddles of the upper row. The paddles of the third row from the top
have their upper beams attached to the lower beams to the upper link-plates
of the fourth and are arranged in a vertical plane with the upper paddles. The
paddles of the fourth row are in similar manner arranged between the third
and fifth rows, lying in a plane with the paddles of the second row.
In all these motors the wooden and metallic parts, which are immersed in the
water, must be calculated in such a manner, that their common specific gravity

page_text: approaches to one. The floating power of the device may be increased by barrels,
inserted under it, or by a box or vessel like construction of the frame itself.
In such a manner by using the described paddles and arranging them on the
shafts as stated a small, cheap motor can be constructed as well as very power-
5ful ones; especially the chain motors may be made of very considerable power.
If a vertical shaft of sufficient length is set up and on the top of it paddles or
sails of proper dimensions are mounted with sufficient number of doors of similar
construction, as used in the water motors (Figures 1 and 2), with similar devices
for stopping, governing and reversing the motion, excepting the hand wheels
which instead of being placed on the top are mounted below the motor, a wind
motor can be made having all the advantages of existing systems, and the
additional advantage of working effectively and not requiring to be turned
should a change in the direction of the wind take place.
By using the compound system with wheels arranged one over another, a
motor may be constructed of larger power than any existing wind motors. The
sails being mounted direct upon a vertical shaft bevel gearing may be dispensed
with which is indispensable in existing wind motors.
All these described motors work by the aid of the same paddles or sails and are
all provided with the same device for stopping, governing and reversing the
motor. The various motors differ from each other only in the number of the
paddles or sails and in the manner in which they are mounted on the shafts,
according to the size of the motor and to local conditions or requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A water current or wind motor with vertical paddles or doors provided with
slots, in combination with vertically movable rods provided with stops for secur-
ing and releasing its paddles or doors, substantially as described.
2. The herein described means for stopping and reversing the motion of the
motor.
3. A multiple water current or wind motor comprising a number of single
motors of the kind described connected together by endless chains or ropes,
ubstantially as described.
4. The herein described means for engaging and disengaging single motors
f compound motor systems provided with chains or ropes in the manner
escribed.
5. The complete water current motor substantially as described or illustrated
Figures 1, 2, 4 and 5 or in Figures 5, 9 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 11th day of January 1900
BOULT, WADE & KILBURN,
Agents for the Applicant.