Improved Apparatus for Preventing the Bursting of Water Pipes by the Action of Frost.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Jan., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 6th Oct., 1891-Accepted, 7th Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Preventing the Bursting of Water Pipes
by the Action of Frost.
I WILLIAM DANTEC of Springfield Road Altrincham in the County of
Chester Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
:-
The object of this invention is to prevent the bursting of domestic or other
water supply pipes which is caused by the sudden and irresistable expansion of
the water at the moment of freezing, and the invention consists principally in
providing such water pipes with an elastic relief chamber which allows such
expansion to take place without the rupture of the pipe.
For this purpose I construct a metallic chamber of a circular or other
convenient form open at the sides (or at top and bottom) and provided at opposite
sides with short pipes by means of which it is soldered or otherwise secured in the
supply pipe so that all the water passing along the pipe passes also through the
chamber.
The open sides (or top and bottom) of this chamber are closed by recessed caps
which are bolted or screwed on airtight, a disc or diaphragm of india rubber or
other suitable elastic material or composition being interposed between the opening
of the chamber and the inside of the cap so that the water passes along through
the space between the elastic diaphragms, and the recess between the outside of
the diaphragms and the inside of the caps contains air.
The action is as follows:-When the freezing takes place the consequent sudden
expansion of the water, instead of bursting the pipe, forces the two diaphragms
outwards compressing the air into the recesses in the caps, and thus injury to the
pipes is prevented.
It will of course be understood that if preferred the same effect may be
produced by the use of a single elastic diaphragm and a single air chamber or that
more than two may be applied but I prefer the double arrangement previously
described although I do not wish to confine myself to such specific arrangement.
5th day of Janney 1801
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Preventing the Bursting of Water Pipes
by the Action of Frost.
I, WILLIAM DANTEC, of Springfield Road, Altrincham, in the County of
Chester, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to prevent the bursting of domestic or other
water supply pipes which is caused by the sudden and irresistible expansion of the
water at the moment of freezing and the invention consists principally in providing
such water pipes with an elastic relief chamber which allows such expansion to
take place without the rupture of the pipe.
For this purpose I construct a metallic chamber of a circular or other convenient
form open at the sides (or at the top and bottom) and provided at opposite sides

page_text: with short pipes by means of which it is soldered or otherwise secured in the
supply pipe so that all the water passing along the pipe passes also through the
chamber.
The open sides (or top and bottom) of this chamber are closed by recessed caps
which are bolted or secured on airtight; a disc or diaphragm of india-rubber or
other suitable elastic material or composition being interposed between the opening
of the chamber and the inside of the cap so that the water passes along through
the space between the elastic diaphragms and the recess between the outside of the
diaphragms and the inside of the caps contains air.
The action is as follows:-When the freezing takes place the consequent sudden
expansion of the water instead of bursting the pipe forces the two diaphragms
outwards compressing the air into the recesses in the caps and thus injury to the
pipes is prevented.
It will of course be understood that if preferred the same effect may be
produced by the use of a single elastic diaphragm and a single air chamber, or that
more than two may be applied, but I prefer the double arrangement previously
described although I do not wish to confine myself to such specific arrangement.
And in order that my invention may be more fully understood and carried into
practice I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accom-
panying sheet of drawings illustrating the arrangement of my invention in which
but one elastic diaphragm and air chamber are employed.
Figure 1 represents a plan view. and Figure 2 a longitudinal vertical section of
the said arrangement. As shewn in these figures the hemispherical chamber a is
open at the upper side, and is provided at opposite sides with short pipes b by
means of which it is soldered or otherwise secured to the supply pipe so that all
water passing along the pipe passes also through the chamber a. The open side of
this chamber is closed by the recessed cape bolted thereto so as to form an air-
tight joint. A disc or diaphragm d of india-rubber or other suitable elastic
material is interposed between the chamber a and the cap c. In action, when the
freezing takes place the consequent sudden expansion of the water forces the
diaphragm d outwards compressing the air in the cap c, and preventing injury to
the pipe by relieving the strain thereon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
Providing water pipes with an enlarged chamber a-c provided with one or
more elastic diaphragmns and as many air-chambers substantially as, and for the
purpose herein described and shewn in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 6th day of October 1891.
CASTLE SMITH,
"Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.