IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugene Moreau, of San Francisco, in the County
of San Francisco and State of California, one of the United States
of America, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES.”
Scaled the 16th July 1875, and dated the 21st January 1875.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Eugene Moreau at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 21st January 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EUGENE
MOREAU, of San Francisco, in the County of San Francisco and State of
California, one of the United States of America, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent
for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true
and first Inventor thereof.

page_text: spherical shape. The shell m is provided with a central tube t extending
the full length of the shuttle. The shuttle is closed after placing the
spool over the tube t by screwing the cover n on the tube t. The
thread goes from the spool out of the shell m by the hole O, thence
under the tension spring S and through the other hole O'. To the back
of the shuttle are fastened two prongs p, p', Fig. 9, connecting the
shuttle with the prong p" of the shuttle driver D¹. The prong p over-
laps p, and the other, p¹, merely prevents the shuttle from turning
around and escaping from the shuttle driver. Play enough is left in the
fitting of the parts p, p, p, to allow the free exit of the needle thread
from under the shuttle. The two rods d, d', are the race or guides of the
shuttle, they are in the same line and have space enough left between their
points to allow the play of the hooks and needle thread. One of the
rods d is fastened to the bed of the machine, and the other d' is provided
with a thread and thumb screw d" so as to be casily removed to take out
the shuttle. The shuttle driver D¹ guided in the grooves in D", D", is
connected with the crank pin H¹ on the face plate H by pitman H¹¹.
The hook E, Figs. 1 and 5, oscillates in a plane perpendicular to the
shuttle race, and is riveted to the stem e fitted in the bearings x, x¹.
These bearings x and x are fastened to a sort of T frame, G, Figs. 1, 2,
and the frame G is held against the bed a in three places e¹, e¹¹,
The bearings e¹, e¹¹, guide its motion in a line parallel to the race, and
the other bearing e¹¹ holds it against the bed without interfering with
its lateral motion which is given by the cam G' acting on the roll and
stand G. The hook F is fastened to the hook E by the joint f. The
extremity of hook F is provided with a roll and kept in contact with
the guide f" by means of spiral spring f¹ fastened to the T frame G.
elll
We see that the hooks can take two motions, one lateral with the
T frame G, and the other vertical by the action of cam E and guide ƒ".
As the hook E is moving laterally with the frame G the groove in the
cam G¹ is made very deep, and the roll e" very long, to enable it to keep
in the groove. p³ and p² are the cast-off pins, one p³ is fastened to the
frame D, and the other p' to the bed A.
Now if we look at the machine at that particular time of the
revolution, immediatly after the needle has thrown out the loop, as
shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, we see that both hooks are pressed
together as one, and stand up on the right of the needle. The shaft
revolving the cam G₁ gives to the frame G and consequently to the

page_text: hooks a lateral motion. They enter the loop about a quarter of an inch,
Fig. 6, and immediatly after the cam E' drives the hook E downward,
leading the hook F with it; but the movement of the hook F is made
nearly straight across and perpendicular to the race by the action of the
guide and spring f¹ on the roll f', and when the action of the
cam E¹ ceases the hooks are in the position seen in Figs. 5 and 7,
holding the needle thread in a triangular shape in front of the shuttle
and very near the cast-off pins p³ and p'. The shuttle goes through the
loop, and at the same time begins the reciprocating lateral motion of
the hooks, but the thread bearing against the cast-off pins p³ and p³, ]
Figs. 5 and 7, cannot follow the movement of the hooks and con-
sequently slips over them, and is cast off at the same time that the back
of the shuttle passes in front of the needle. Now the needle goes
upward, the thread is taken up, and the shuttle comes back. Before it
reaches the end of the stroke the hooks are moving upward, and when 1
the shuttle is ready to come again the two hooks are together again on
the right of the needle and about to enter the loop, as shown before.
It is also evident that a greater number of hooks could be used to
effect the same purpose, but two have been found sufficient for good
practical work. Nevertheless if I found it necessary to throw the 2
shuttle through the loop without touching it at all I would then use
three hooks instead of two, and it would then hold the thread in the
shape of a square instead of a triangle.
By the foregoing construction of parts the loop which is thrown down
by the needle is spread so as to allow the shuttle to pass through it, 2
thereby permitting the use (for the shuttle thread) of the ordinary spools
of thread just as they are sold in the market.
Having thus fully described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I claim,-
'
First. The combination with the needle of a sewing machine, the 3
hooks E, F, opening outwardly and expanding the thread sufficient to
admit the passage of the shuttle to form the loop, substantially in the
manner as herein set forth and described.
Second. The combination in a sewing machine of the needle N with
the hooko E F and the shuttle D
11.

page_text: Third. The cast-off pins p³ and p' in combination with the hooks E, F,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
Fourth. The shuttle D moving on the guiding rods d, d', in combi-
nation with the said guide rods d, d', substantially in the manner and
for the purpose herein set forth and specified.
Fifth. The combination of the shell m, of a shuttle moving on the
longitudinal pins d, d, when provided with a tube or opening t, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
Sixth. The combination of the hooks E, F, cams E¹, G¹, and guide fu
when constructed and arranged to operate substantially in the manner
and for the purpose as herein set forth and described.