IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Joseph, of Grosvenor House, South
Place, Kennington Park, in the County of Surrey, for the In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS."-A communication from
abroad by Frederick C. Krause, of the City of New York, United
States of America.
Sealed the 21st June 1870, and dated the 13th April 1870..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles. Joseph at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents,. with. his. Petition, on the
13th April 1870.
I, CHARLES JOSEPH, of Grosvenor House, South Place, Kennington
Park, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS," (a communication,) to bé as
follows:-
The principal object of this Invention is to produce a porous sub-
stance which can be used for filtering water and nearly all the known
acids or bases without being injured or discoloured by the operation.

page_text: The Invention consists in a composition of sand or silicic acid, marble
dust or carbonate of lime and glass, or silicates of soda or potash in
such proportions that by heating the mixture a porous substance is
produced, which is capable of withstanding the influence of most
liquids, and which when moulded in the proper shape can be used for
filtering and other purposes. The proportion in which the ingredients
are mixed together is about as follows:-Sand 4 to 6 pounds, marble
dust 3 to 6 ounces, silicate of soda or of potash one pound. By wetting
the composition with water the composition is rendered plastic, so that
it can be moulded in any desired form or shape. For small articles it is
desirable to add a small quantity of gum water to make the composition
stick together more readily. When moulded the different articles are
heated in a kiln or oven to a high white heat, and a porous substance
is produced which is capable of withstanding most liquids, and which
can be used with great advantage for filtering and other purposes. By
adding to the composition black oxide of manganese or oxide of iron
or some other metallic oxide any desired color may be given to the
articles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Joseph in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th June 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JOSEPH, of Grosvenor House, South Place, Kennington Park, in the
County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Charles Joseph, Her special licence that
I, the said Charles Joseph, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Charles Joseph, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Mn, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS," a com-

page_text: munication to me from abroad by Frederick C. Krause, of the City
of New York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Joseph, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Joseph, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :——
The principal object of this Invention is to produce a porous substance
which can be used for filtering water and nearly all the known acids or
bases without being injured or discolored by the operation.
The Invention consists in a composition of sand or silicic acid, marble
dust or carbonate of lime and glass, or silicates of soda or potash in
such proportion that by heating the mixture a porous substance is
produced which is capable of withstanding the influence of most liquids
and which when moulded in the proper shape can be used for filtering
and other purposes. The proportion in which I mix the above ingre-
dients together is about as follows:-Sand 4 to 6 lbs., marble dust 3
to 6 oz., silicate of soda or of potash 1 lb. the proportion of sand and
silicate of soda is varied according to the heat to which the composition
is to be exposed. By wetting the composition with water the com-
position is rendered plastic, so that it can be moulded in any desired
form or shape. For small articles it is desirable to add a small quantity
of gum water to make the composition stick together more readily.
When moulded the different articles are heated in a kiln or oven to a
high white heat, and a porous substance is produced which is capable of
withstanding most liquids and which can be used with great advantage
for filtering and other purposes. By adding to the composition black
oxide of manganese or oxide of iron or of some other metallic oxide any
desired color may be given to the articles.
Having thus fully described my Invention, what I claim as new and
desire to secure by Letters Patent is, the employment or use of a com-
position for porous stone made of the ingredients herein specified and

page_text: mixed together in about the proportion and substantially in the manner
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Joseph, have hereunto sct
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
CHARLES JOSEPH. (L.S.)