Improvements in the Manufacture of Coloured Waterproof Fabrics.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 6th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 19th May, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Coloured Waterproof Fabrics.
I THEODORE BIRNBAUM of Wick Lane Rubber Works, Bow, in the County
of Middlesex, India Rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the attainment of new effects in the manufacture of
waterproof single texture fabrics so as to enhance their beauty and give increased
range of effect.
In carrying out my invention I coat the fabric to be waterproofed in the usual
or any convenient manner with the desired number of coats of india rubber
suitably compounded or prepared as usual. This coating material may be suitably
tinted or colcured before application to the fabric or subsequently to such spreading
thereon.
Thus I may spread over the dough, applied in usual manner, a coating of farina
plain if desired but more generally coloured or tinted and then over this farina.
surface I apply a transparent coating of rubber, in order to secure it.
This coloured ground on the fabric attained by simply spreading the tinted
dough or by the alternative method last described is then treated with a coating of
dyed or tinted farina, which is fixed by any of the well known or convenient
vapour or liquor processes or by a combination of both.
If it is found desirable to finish the fabrics by means of what is known as the
dry heat process the fabric is then stoved in suitably heated chamber for a suitable
length of time at a temperature of about 250° Fah. say two hours more or less
according to the degree of vulcanisation desired.
I prepare farina for use as the finishing coating of a selected colour or tint, by
immersing it in a solution of dye stuff, or this tinting matter, either by vapour
powder, or liquid with the aid of steam or hot air or by equivalent means and the
colour or tint may be caused to impregnate the farina either in combination or
very close association chemically or mechanically.
A proportion which I have found to give good results for the dye bath consists
of say 1 to 2 lbs. of colouring matter to 100 lbs. of farina using 150 lbs. of water
but such proportions will vary considerably according to the nature of the
colouring matter employed, as also will the requirements for the addition of
mordants or the like.
In order to render the colour or tint in the farina fast, or to prevent its being
fugitive, I subject the now farinad fabric to the action of dry steam in a chamber
suitably heated.
Or this portion of the process may be effected during the dry vulcanization
process by the admission of live steam into the dry heat chamber.
Or I may in the alternative pass the finished surface over a trough containing a
solution containing blood albumen in the proportion of say 1 lb. of the latter to
10 gallons of water; or in equivalent manner bringing the surface under treatment
by this solution.
The fabric thus treated is then dried or stoved at a temperature of say 160°
to 200° Fah. for a period of about 2 hours.
To obtain variations of plain shot effects. In applying the farina I use farina
of different shades or colours which 1 apply in stripes bands or suitable designs by
suitable means. Thus I may place in front of the farina gauge alternate layers
of various shades of farina which will form bands blending and shading from one
colour to another or producing a marbled or like effect or I may stencil the design

page_text: in one shade or colour and apply afterwards as by brushing the farina coloring or
shade which will give the effect of a ground colour or the design may be attained
by reserving. I also may vary the ground dough in a similar manner by applying
stripes of different coloured dough and applying the coloured farina as herein before
described.
To produce stripes of greater or less width and sharply defined one method I
may employ is to arrange a series of tapes or bands of appropriate width arranged
on rollers or distenders and the bands I cause to travel on the fabric past the
farina gauge so that the uncovered portions of the fabric may receive the farina
in design accordingly, the bands are then led away from the surface of the fabric
and the reserved spaces on the fabric then have applied to them by means of a
second gauge, brushing or otherwise the second colour or shade of colour of
farina.
Dated the 6th Luno 1802
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
-Improvements in the Manufacture of Coloured Waterproof Fabrics.
I, THEODORE BIRNBAUM of Wick Lane Rubber Works, Bow, in the County
of Middlesex, India Rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to the attainment of new effects in the manufacture of
waterproof single texture fabrics so as to enhance their beauty and give increased
range of effect.
In carrying out my invention I coat the fabrics to be waterproofed in the usual
or any convenient manner with the desired number of coats of india rubber suitably
compounded or prepared as usual. This coating material may be suitably tinted
or coloured before application to the fabric or subsequently to such spreading
thereon. Thus I spread over the dough, applied in usual manner, a coating of
farina coloured or tinted and then over this farina surface I apply a transparent
coating of rubber in order to secure it.
This coloured ground on the fabric attained by simply spreading the tinted
dough or by the alternative method last described is then finished or treated with
a coating of dyed or tinted farina, which is fixed by any of the well known or
I obtain thus
convenient vapour or liquor processes or by a combination of both.
a shot effect by means of the contrast between the coloured ground and the
superposed dyed farina.
If it is found desirable to finish the fabrics by means of what is known as the
dry heat process the fabric is stored in a suitably heated chamber for a suitable
length of time at a temperature of about 250° Fahr., say two hours more or less
according to the degree of vulcanization desired.
I prepare farina for use as the finishing coating of a selected colour or tint by
immersing it in or impregnating it with a solution of dye stuff or tinting matter
with addition of mordants or the like as required.
A proportion which I have found to give good results for the dye bath consists
of say to 2 lbs. of colouring matter to 100 lbs. of farina using 150 lbs. of water
but such proportions will vary considerably according to the nature of the colouring
matter employed, as also will the requirement for the addition of mordants or
the like.
To obtain variations of plain shot effects. In applying the farina I use farina
of different shades or colours which I apply in striped bands, or designs by suitable

page_text: means.
Thus I place in front of the farina gauge alternate layers of various
shades of farina which will form bands blending and shading from one colour to
another or producing a marbled or like effect or I may stencil the design in one
shade or colour and apply afterwards as by brushing the farina colouring or shade
which will give the effect of a ground colour or the design may be attained by
reserving. I also vary the ground dough in a similar manner by applying stripes
of different coloured dough (which effects can be attained by assorting and arranging
the coloured doughs in front of the gauge) and applying the coloured farina as
hereinbefore described.
When it is desired to produce designs or stripes of farina sharply defined one
method I employ is to arrange a surface of fabric in which an appropriate design
has been woven for instance bands of appropriate widths and arrangements (say to
form a check) on rollers or distenders.
This fabric carrying the design is caused to travel on the rubber fabric, to
which by pressure it is caused to adhere, past the farina gauge or brush so that the
uncovered portions of the fabric may receive the farina in design accordingly, the
fabric is then led away from the rubber surface, and the reserved spaces on
the rubber then have applied to them by means of a second gauge or by brushing
or otherwise the second colour or shade of colour of farina.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In the manufacture and use of coloured waterproof fabrics the application of
dyed or tinted farina to a coloured rubber surface so as to produce a shot effect
or play of colours substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated the 5th day of March 1894.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant.