Year: 1886

page_text: I JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention which Invention has
been communicated to me from abroad by Edward Jones Mallet of Bayside Long
Island State, of New York United States of America, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
These improvements in automatic telegraphy contemplate a code wherein, each
letter or other sign to be indicated is represented by but a single impulse or dot,
the distance of this dot from a fixed or predetermined initial point determining its
name or character. For the purpose of automatically controlling telegraphic
transmission a direct controlling fillet or card is employed on which the message
to be transmitted is prepared in accordance with said code; and in connection
therewith is combined receiving instruments or apparatus adapted to reproduce
a fac simile of the prepared message, or instruments such as ordinary step by step
printing telegraphs or "tickers" as they are commonly termed, which will
reproduce the received message in ordinary alphabetical or numeral characters or
both,
The code may extend lengthwise or crosswise of the fillet or card. In the former
case the prepared fillet or card will move continuously during the transmission of
the message, while the latter case it will move intermittently. Both arrangements
are shown in the accompanying drawings.
In Figures 1-8 inclusive is represented a circuit-controlling fillet with the code
characters extending lengthwise of it, together with means for its preparation,
means for the transmission and reception of the message and means for the
translation of the received message into ordinary language.
Figure 1. represents the alphabetical code preferably used.
Figure 2, a piece of fillet having part of a message embossed or indicated
thereon.
Figure 3, a view, mainly diagrammatic of means for preparing the fillet.
Figure 4, a view of two embossing dies and matrices.
Figure 5, a side view of a single transmitting device:
Figure a diagram of the circuit connections for transmission and recention

page_text: Figure, a top or pian view of a translator and Figure 8, a view of the received
fillet and the index.
In Figure 1, representing an alphabet or code, 3 is the fixed initial point, the
distance relatively from which determines the character or meaning of any
subsequent marks.
The consecutive letters of the alphabet or code are there represented by dots or
marks 4 of regularly gradually increasing, distance from 3. In order to save space
and to utilize the benefits of alternating currents, they are disposed in two lines,
alternating consecutively as shown in Figure 1, the marks or indications in one
line being opposite the spaces between those in the other line.
In Figure 2 is shown this alphabet practically applied to spell or indicate a
record, the distance of the dots 4 to the left from the initial point 3 showing that
they are the letters "almost,"
While these dots or indications may be made in any of the methods well known
in automatic telegraphy viz: by perforating or embossing an insulating strip, or
embossing a metallic strip, or by marking in insulating ink upon a conducting
surface it is preferred to use a fillet or tape with the indications embossed thereon.
Apparatus for thus embossing the fillet is shown in Figures 3 and 4. Therein 5
is a permanent magnet having an armature 7 of soft iron surrounded by a helix 8,
these elements forming a polarized magnet. To armature 7 is attached a post 6
supported in and by the permanent magnet 5 and capable of vertical movement
in its support, its outer end being rounded to act as a die and fitting into the
concavity formed in a matrix block 9 beneath it. The helix is stationary, and
internally is made oval or of other suitable form to permit to the armature 7, which
it surrounds, the requisite play to and from the poles of the 'permanent magnet,
said armature having the customary retractile spring as indicated. When a current
is sent through the helix 8, the armature 7 is attracted by 5 and, moving thereto,
carries with it the die 6, forcing the fillet 1, passing between 6 and 9, into the
concavity and thereby forming a raised dot thereon. In using the double line
alphabet or code two of these are used as shewn in Figure 4, the poles of the two
permanent magnet's being reversed relatively to one another so that one armature
only is attracted on the passage of a positive current through the circuit while the
other is attracted only on the passage of a negative current. This arrangement of
the elements of a polarized magnet for effecting the embossment in given typically;
other forms of such magnets may be used, it being requisite only that the parts
shall be so arranged that each magnet acts upon transmission of a current of
appropriate polarity.
The fillet is regularly fed between 6 and 9 by rolls 18 one of which is rotated
manually or otherwise.
To determine the time of action of either die an electric circuit closer is used
which may be of the syle shown. 10 is any insulating base upon which are
mounted the concentric conducting bands or rings 11, 12. One of the peripheries
of each of these is formed into projections or teeth of a space equal to the space
occupied by or assigned to a signal or symbol in the code. The teeth or projections
on one ring pass into and fill the spaces between the teeth or projections on the
other-ring but without forming electrical contact therewith. One ring is connected
to the positive pole of a battery while the other is connected to the negative pole
of a battery. Pivoted upon the base 10 is the index hand 13 which is made
slightly resilient. At its outer extremity it carries a contact point-14, which, on
depression, may be caused to contact with any of the teeth of the rings, these teeth
forming in effect segments equal to the number of characters in the code.
hand is connected in a circuit 17 passing through the helices 8, 8 and thence back to
the batteries. This arrangement of the rings 11, 12 and 1 and 13 forms a simple
and efficient pole changer or commutator.
This
To secure uniformity of rotation between 18 and 13, they may be geared together
and both driven upon rotation of 18 which may be manually rotated,

page_text: The rous 18 and hand 13 are so driven that 13'shall make one complete rotation
over the face of 10 while the rolls 18 draw the paper fillet a distance equal to the
space of an entire alphabet or code. If then the key 13 in its rotation.be
depressed and caused to contact with a segment, the circuit of one or the other of
the batteries will be closed through the circuit 17; and one of the dies caused to
operate, forming an embossed dot at the proper distance from the initial or index
point, to indicate the character or letter assigned to the segment contacted with,
a series of these embossed dots representing a complete message may thus be formed
on the fillet and used to automatically control the circuit making and breaking
devices forming the transmitter.
་
A transmitter adapted to be controlled thereby is shown in Figure 5, wherein
19, 19, are rolls for feeding or passing the fillet 1, beneath the circuit making and
breaking devices, said rolls, one or both being peripherally grooved at the proper
point so as not to break down the embossments in the prepared fillet passing
between them. One of these rolls is driven from any suitable prime motor, at a
uniform speed. 20 is a light lever key, pivoted at 21 and having its inner end
bent over into a stylus, which normally rests on, or nearly on the periphery of one
of rolls 19, its other end being formed into a contact point adapted to take upon,
and close an electrical circuit, at the anvil 23, but normally not in contact
therewith. The paper fillet 1 being drawn through between a roll 19 and the
stylus end 22 of the lever key 20, the passage of an embossed dot beneath 22 lifts
it, causing the key 20 to momentarily close circuit with 23 and transmit a single
impulse to line, a succession of these operations sending the sequence of impulses
in the proper relation to form the message.
Where the double line or alternating current alphabet or code is used, there are
of course two such lever keys arranged parallel to each other at a distance apart
equal to the distance apart of the two lines of embossment in the fillet. The
arrangement of circuits therefor is shown in Figure 6, where battery 24 is con-
nected to the anvil of one key, while battery 25 is connected + to the anvil
of the other key, both keys being connected to line, so that a + or - impulse is
sent to line and the distant station as one or the other key is operated on.
The signal thus transmitted may be received by the ordinary chemical
decomposition processes used in automatic telegraphy; It is preferred however to
have the message received by embossers of the same style as those above described,
consequently there are arranged at the receiving station R, Figure 6, the
embossers 5, 6 and feed rolls 18.
The fillet used at the transmitting station is reproduced at the receiving station
in the shape of a fillet having thereon the same points or embossments, which are
at the same relative distance from one another and from the fixed initial point as
in the transmitting fillet, but not necessarily at the same absolute or mathematical
distances apart as in the latter, as, with regular speed at any station, the relative
distances, and not the absolute, determine the meaning of the code dots at that
station.
As the symbols thus received consists simply of dots at varying distances from
the fixed initial point, their meaning is not readily understandable on inspection,
hence what may be called, a translator is of utility. This may be a single marked
and graduated scale, in substance a duplicate of the alphabet or code shown in
Figure 1 or of any other code used, the relative distances apart of its members
being determined by the space necessary for a complete code, which space is in turn
determined by the rate of speed imparted to the receiving fillet by the feed rolls: of
the receiver. If such a scale be applied to the received message, so that the fixed
initial points on the two coincide or register, the letters or characters intended on
the received fillet will be immediately indicated.
Another form of translator, a mechanical visual one, is shown in Figures 7 and 8.
Upon a shaft 26 is mounted a feed roll 27, taking in the ordinary' way upon a
friction roll (not shown) between which rolls is passed, by the rotation of 27, the

page_text: fillet 1, shaft 26 being geared to any suitable prime motor. The diameter of 27 is
such that one complete rotation thereof feeds through a length of fillet just equal
to the space occupied by the complete alphabet or code used.
Upon the outer end of 26 is mounted a flat sided pulley 28 upon whose outer
side takes the friction pulley 29 adapted to be driven thereby by friction, 29 is
mounted on a shaft 30, upon whose outer end is fixed, by a friction sleeve or collar,
the index hand or pointer 31, arranged to travel over the face of an index 32,
which is marked with the alphabet or characters represented by the code used..
The train of gearing is so adjusted that the hand 31 and the roll 27 make one
complete revolution in the same time, and travel synchronously together during
their operation.
To afford means for this adjustment, the shaft 30 is so mounted in its supports
as to be capable of a longitudinal movement therein, and it is moved so as to carry
29 towards or from the centre of 28, until 29 and 28 are in contact at just that
distance from the centre of 28 insuring this synchronism of movement between 27
and 31.
The fixed initial point referred to is, used as the "space" is used in the Morse
code, between words and wherever else it becomes necessary.
In transmitting it is. prearranged that each message shall start from some pre-
determined point, a letter or other character in the code. When the translator is
to be used it is adjusted properly by using a fillet having this agreed on starting
letter or character as its initial point. The fillet is passed through and when such
agreed starting letter reaches the roll 27, or some fixed index point in its vicinity,
the hand 31 should point to such letter or character on 31. If it does not, it is
turned on its shaft until it does, for which purpose it is secured adjustably upon
its shaft. These adjustments being made the message fillet is drawn beneath 27,
by the rotation of the latter caused by its motor, 31 travelling over 30 synchro-
nously therewith and at a uniform rate so long as the rotation of 27 is unimpeded.
The operator watching the feeding of the fillet beneath the roll 27 and seeing
when an indication or symbol passes beneath the roll or past the fixed index point
in its vicinity before referred to, by a glance at the dial plate and index hand can
ascertain the meaning of the indication or symbol as the index at such moment
points to the character represented by such indication or symbol, and the message
is thus readily and easily spelled out or translated.
By the foregoing arrangement of, the code characters or signals, the length of
the transmitting strip for a given message is materially reduced. But it can be
still further reduced by arranging said characters in lines crosswise of the strip-
said strip becoming in such event a card, rather than a fillet or tape.
When this
is arrangement is made use of the feed of the transmitting strip is
intermittent, instead of continuous as in the other case.
In Figures 9-17 inclusive, I have represented this modification together with
apparatus for preparing such a transmitting card, and transmitting-apparatus
therefor, as well as a translating device. The fixed or predetermined initial point
in this instance is the upper edge of the card. Figure 9 is a part of a card showing
the modified code. Figure 10 is a part of a card containing a portion of a message
ready for transmission.
Figure 11 is a plan view showing the arrangement of parts in the embosser or
perforator for preparing the card.
Figure 12 a rear end view thereof.
Figure 13 a detail thereof.,
Figure 14 a plan view of a mechanical translator.
Figure 15 a plan view of a transmitter.
Figure 16 a side view of the arms and contacts therein; and Figure 17 a side
view of part of a modified transmitter.
In Figure 9 is shown a card marked with two entire alphabet codes in parallel
to the lawith
the

page_text: being determined by its distance from the upper edge. The codes are arranged in
lines transversely of the card, a slight space, say the thirty second of an inch,
being left between two succeeding code lines. The card may be marked length-
wise by rulings or lines' 3. 3 dividing it into spaces corresponding to the members
of the code, each of which spaces may be marked to indicate what number thereof
it is appropriated to. These indices viz: the letters of the alphabet étcetera, the
lines and the spaces or such of them as is deemed best, may be marked in.
contrasting colors, so as to be more readily discernible and more easily followed.
In the example given in Figure 10, the symbols in the first line are so placed
as to indicate the letters, "almost," while those in the second indicate
and that in the third " e spelling the word "more."
>
«
mor
"
In Figures 11 and 12 is shown the preparer, being a bed having sides 5;
forming guides between which slides the tray or holder 6, also having sides, between
which it is be placed the card to be prepared. Upon the edge of one of the sides
of the tray is formed the ratchet 7, whose teeth, are a distance apart equal to that
between the code lines. To a cross arm 16, rising from 4 and passing over the
tray 6, is pivoted a lever 9 capable of a downward as well as horizontal movement.
Upon its under side, at a proper distance from its fulcrum, is placed a punch or
die 10. At its outer end the lever 9. is provided with a handle by which it may
be grasped and moved over the index scalo 17, upon which are marked the indices
of the code in such relative position that whenever the handle is placed over a
particular character, the punch or die 10, will be in position to make the same in
its proper relation upon the card, and if the lever is then depressed, the character
is embossed or perforated in the card. The bed of the tray or holder in which
the card rests, should, in order to permit the embossments to be made, be formed to
permit the local depression of the card by the dies; this can be done by facing the
bed with a soft material such as felt, or by forming in the bed at proper point
recesses in the nature of matrices. In order to aid in having the die or punch 10,
take at exactly the proper point on the card, a V-shaped projection 18 is attached
to the under side of the lever, while the rim of 17 is cut in a saw tooth fashion,
each cut corresponding reversely to the shape of 18, so that when the lever is
depressed, 18 taking in a toothed cut, will be guided thereby and cause the lever
to bring 10 upon the card at the needed point.
Upon the pivot of 9, so as to be capable of movement therewith, is mounted an
arm 12 by means of a friction collar 11. At its outer end this arm plays between
stops 15, 15, the space between which is such as to permit the arm sufficient play
to move the pawl 13, which it carries at its outer end, a distance equal to that
which separates the code lines from one another. The pawl 13 is maintained
normally in contact with the ratchet 7 of the card tray or holder by a spring 14
If now the lever 9 be supposed to be at a on scale 17, and then moved towards the
other end of the scale, the arm 12 will be carried thereby against the right hand
stop 15, causing the pawl 13 to slide over one tooth of the ratchet and to engage
therewith; and 12 and 13 will thus remain until the lever after having completed
its traverse of the scale or so much thereof as requisite, is swung back towards the
starting point. By this backward movement of the lever the arın 12 is carried to
the left hand stop 15, causing the pawl to pull the tray to the space of one tooth"
and thereby effecting its feed for the next transverse code lines.
As the lever 9 swings upon a pivot or fulcrum the code lines will be made in
the arc of a circle, and a series of them will be in concentric transverse curves.
If the card is marked or indexed as shewn in Figure 9 the correctness of the
preparation of the card may be immediately determined. If however the card be
without index lines and it is desired to examine as to the correctness a mechanical
translator or reader may be used, such for instance as shown in Figure 14 where 19
is a bed with slightly raised edges, between which the card to be inspected is
placed. 20 is a slide having grooves formed in its under side whereby it may
be guided along the raised edges of 19 and its relation to the card placed therein

page_text: preserved. In the slide 20 is cut a slot 21 of the same size and contour as the
code lines on the card, upon or near one of whose edges are placed indices, showing
to what particular character each space or mark is appropriated.
By sliding 20 over the successive code lines on the card, the indications thereon
may be readily translated. A simple translator of this fashion may be manipulated
by one hand alone, while the other is left free for transcribing.
A transmitter to be controlled by, an embossed card thus prepared is indicated
in Figures 15 and 16 wherein 23 is a holder or tray capable of sliding on a bed 25,
the tray and bed being similar to the bed and tray 4 and 6 in Figures 11 and 12.
The edge of one of the sides. of the tray 23 is fitted or formed with a ratchet 24
of same size and character as ratchet 7. Upon the corresponding side of the
bed 25, by means of a pin 28, is secured a pawl 26, the toothed end of which is
bent so as to take into the ratchet 24, while its outer end is bent so as to form a
tail which shall lie in the path of the arm 30. The pawl arm is slotted, the pin 28
passing in to the slot, so that the pawl arm can reciprocate upon the pins, the slot
being of such length, that the amount of movement permitted to the pawl is just
equal to the space of one tooth and to the distance, apart of the code liues.
A spring 41 pulls the pawl back to normal position after the latter has. been
released from control of that one of the arms 30 by which it may have been
moved forward. In the position of parts shown in the drawing, an arm 30 has
just met the tail of the pawl, continued movement of that arm causes the latter to
move forward the pawl with it, a distance equal to one tooth of the ratchet; by
that time the arm will be cleared the tail of the pawl and the spring at once
returns the latter to its normal position, which is the position represented. 29 is a
shaft receiving motion from any suitable motor. Attached to it are arms 30, four
in number in this case, designed to effect the operation of the contact mechanism,
which in this instance is carried by them-each arm having its own contact
making device. One convenient form of such a device is shown in the drawing
and will now be described.
At the outer extremity of each of the arms is seated a pin 32, having at one end
a head 33 and maintained in one position normally by small coiled springs. Above
and slightly removed from each pin, is an anvil or contact block 31. supported
from an arm by a bracket which is insulated from the arm.
Upon the shaft 29 is secured a collar 35, insulated therefrom, from which
electrical connections are formed to each anvil. or contact block 31.
Froin a battery or other source of electric energy, a connection 37 is made to
the shaft 29 while the collar 35 is connected to the line 36. It will be seen then
that, there is in this organization, taken in connection with the line and distant
station, a complete electric circuit with the exception of a break at 31, 32. If now
the prepared card be placed in the tray 23, with its embossments on the upper
slide, and the shaft 29 and its attached arms 30 be caused to rotate, each contact
pin 32 will pass over its appropriate code line in the card, and as the head of the
pin impinges upon an embossment the pin will be forced upwardly into contact
with its anvil 31, closing the circuit momentarily and sending the desired
impulses at the proper time. When, as in this instance four arms are used, the
transverse code lines will be quadrants of a circle, but if more or less arms are
used, the arc will be varied proportionately. As the shaft and arms rotate.
continuously in one direction, one arm and its pin are nearly at the beginning of
the path over the card, as the arm and pin in advance are just passing off such
path. At this latter point, the end of such arm takes against the tail 27 of the
pawl'arin and carries it along to the limit of its motion, causing it to feed the card
forward one tooth and bring a fresh code line beneath the arm in rear which then
. commences its path over the card; any suitable spring may be used to restore
the pawl to its normal position in readiness to again effect a feed. The contact
mechanism and feed thus operate alternately, the one acting while the other is out
of action.

page_text: While in the illustration given, but one code or alphabet is shown in each
transverse line, it is evident that more may be used in each line, the preparing and
transmitting device being proportionately enlarged. This will result in still
further abbreviation of the longitudinal space occupied by messages; which end
can also be accomplished in the following manner which gives also a much larger
space between the members of each code set. This method is to make two code
sets in each transverse line, the members of one set being formed in the spaces of
the other set, in which case the card would be of double the width of that used
with only one set, and the members would be twice as far apart.
To prepare such a card the card preparer should be double the ordinary width,
and consequently the alphabet or code index although having only twenty eight
characters, will be twice as long as that of a single card preparer.. A double width
card is now placed in the preparer, and is embossed or preferably. punctured.
When the first message has thus been prepared upon the card it will be similar in
all respects to a message on a single card except in the feature that the characters.
in each line are twice as far apart. In order to prepare on the same card after
this, a second message or a continuation of the first message, the card is replaced
in the preparer in exactly the same position which it occupied at the beginning of
the preparation of the first message and then either one of two things can be
done the stylus or punch may be moved laterally d. of an inch (for which
purpose it should be made adjustable) or the alphabet or code index may be
moved laterally the same distance (in which event said index should be made
adjustable). After either one of these changes is made, it is evident that, if
the preparation of the second message, or the continuation of the first be
proceeded with, the characters of the same will in each line come between those
of the first message:
When this arrangement is adapted, the indications should preferably be per-
forated instead of embossed, necessitating a modified form of transmitter, the
principle of which is indicated in Figure 17. In connection with what is there
shown, the shaft 29 arms 30, the tray and feed are to be used, as in the case of the
transmitter used with embossments; the pins 32 are however made stationary in
the arms 30 and the contact blocks or anvils, the collar and the circuit connection
are dispensed with."
+
Transversely across and over the tray is arranged a metallic comb, whose teeth
are in the same arc or line as are the perforations in the card and which are equal
in number to the members of the code and at a like distance apart. This comb
may be formed of resilient teeth cut from a metallic strip and united by the uncut
portion of such strip; or it may be formed of separate teeth united to or pivoted
upon a metallic pin or bearing common to thein all. One of these teeth, 38 is
shown in side view in Figure 17, attached to the back or bearing 39, it being
understood that there are attached thereto as many of such teeth as there are
symbols in the code used. The free end is bent downward to form a stylus,
adapted to contact with the bed of the tray if metallic, or with a metallic plate 40
placed therein and on which the card 1 is to rest. 39 and its attached teeth form
one terminal of an electrical circuit, while the bed on the plate 40 forms the
other terminal. In the Figure the card'l is supposed to be cut longitudinally so
as to show several of the perforations, all of those shown being in different
transverse lines. This being the arrangement, as an arm 30 sweeps over the
teeth 38 it depresses them all in turn and whenever a perforation is beneath stylus
end of the tooth, the latter is forced into contact with the bed or plate, the circuit
then is momentarily closed and an impulse in proper sequence transmitted. The
block or bearing 39 of the comb is to be capable of a slight movement transversely
in its bearings, whose limit will be equal to half the space between the members
of a code. Then when the use of the first alphabet in a line is completed, the
comb is shifted to be in position for use with the second alphabet of such line.
The feed is effected as in the transmitter herein before described.

page_text: It is to be noted in this connection, that hitherto in the use of perforated paper
to automatically control telegraphic transmission, a stylus has been used to effect
contact with a metal plate or drum by dropping through the perforations in a
rapidly moving fillet of paper, the dropping through being aided only by gravity
or a very slight spring; and such styluses were naturally light and delicate, the
result being that often but slight or imperfect contacts were made, while often also
the action of the edges of the perforations in a rapidly moving strip would give a
bound to the stylus causing it to miss entirely a perforation or two, especially if
close together. In this arrangement howover for each character there is a stylos,
which is forced positively to the bed or plate to make good firm contact therewith;
and during the operation of transmission of the symbols in' a line the card and the
bed are stationary, avoiding all chance of imperfect connections and missending of
the symbols.
The reception of the message at the receiving end of the line may be effected in
any of the ways hereinbefore indicated or in any other suitable way.
In the arrangements herein before described and illustrated it is contemplated to
reproduce at the receiving station the transmitted message in dots corresponding,
in their relative positions to a fixed initial point, to those of the transmitting fillet
or card.
.
But said prepared transmitting fillet or card can be also used to control receiving
instruments such as the ordinary step-by-step printing telegraphs or
"tickers" so
called, whereby the received message will be in ordinary alphabetical or numerical
characters or both. I prefer to use for this purpose a transmitting card having the
embossments in transverse lines, and these lines preferably are straight rather
than curved as described in the last preceding arrangement.
-
This portion of the invention is illustrated in Figures 18-22 inclusive.
Figures 18 and 19 are details of the transmitter.
Figure 20 is an end view of the transmitter.
Figure 21 is a side view of a portion thereof with a diagram of the circuit
connections.
Figure 22 is a diagram showing the local connections.
Only so much of the apparatus is shown as needed for the purpose of
explanation.
In these figures the reference numeral 46 indicates a commutator for constantly
throwing upon the type wheel circuit, herein marked "line," the proper sequence
of currents for effecting the step by step movements of the type wheels. In the
illustration given the movement of the type wheel of the printing telegraph, is
supposed to be effected or controlled by polarized escapement 22 (Figure 21),
hence the commutator 46 is arranged to throw upon the line currents from the
batteries B B (typical of any suitable source of electric energy) alternating in
polarity. If however, the escapement 22 were to be operated or controlled by
simple intermittent currents, the commutator 46 would be altered as necessary
therefor. The commutator 46 is mounted upon a shaft which receives motion
from any suitable motivé power, and hence in action is continually charging the
line with the proper sequence of currents. The number of contacts on 46 should
be equal to the number of spaces and characters on the type wheels in the circuit.
Supposing, as such wheels are ordinarily made (but there are thereon 26 alphabetical
characters, a period and a blank space (28 divisions in all) then the commutator
will be arranged to transmit 28 impulses in one rotation, either intermittent or
alternating. Each impulse causes or permits the type wheels to advance one
division; but, whenever the desired division is presented in position to be printed
from, it is necessary that the sequence of impulses be interrupted for a period
sufficient to permit the printing devices (indicated typically by the magnet 23)
to come into operation, and, after such operation that the sequence of impulses
be automatically resumed, that is, that at desired times 46 be stopped and clien
12.

page_text: automatically started. It is the function of the prepared card to operate on a
controlling circuit and thereby control devices for accomplishing these results.
Upon suitable support 30. (Figure 20) rising from a base 31, rests a bed 2,
having sides forming guides for a tray 5 sliding therein and adapted to receive the
prepared card 10 which in this case is supposed to be prepared with embossments
at the desired and designated points.
Transversely of the tray or bed, upon a pin or journal 13 is secured a set of key
levers 12, equal in number to the number of characters used in the code and placed
upon the type wheels. For each key there is an anvil 14, with which the key
may be caused to contact. The keys are placed a distance apart equal to the
distance apart of the units or members of the code or alphabet in the card 10.
If then the card 10 be placed so that a transverse line of embossments come
beneath the line of keys the embossments will elevate the lower ends of such keys
as are there. over, causing such keys to contact with their anvils. ·
The shaft 1 (Figures 20 and 21) passes through a fixed disc 3, formed of an
insulating base, upon which are fastened a series of metallic segments 47 equal in
number to the characters upon the type wheels and also having one blank or
insulating space 15. Upon the outer end of 1 is secured an arm 4, the "trailer
arm," whose outer end is so bent or fashioned as to make good contact with the
segments 47 as it passes thereon during its rotation. The circuit 60 of a local
battery passes to the pin or journal 13 and thence to the keys 12. The series of
anvils 14 and segments 47 are connected, each anvil and the corresponding segment
by a connection 59 forming part of the local circuit. The local circuit 60 also
includes an electro magnet 16, a mercury cup 18 and a pivoted lever 17, whence it
connects with the trailer arm.
The magnet 16 controls the stop mechanism of the train, it having an armature 19
whose outer or free end is formed into a stop arranged, upon the attraction of the
armature by the magnet to take into the recesses on the periphery of a stop
wheel 21, there being one recess for such segment 47. One end of the pivoted
lever 17 is formed into a contact taking into the mercury cup 18, while the other
and heavier end, is formed into a. U horizontally, an extension of the armature end
of 19 taking between the legs of the U. The parts are so adjusted, that, when
the armature is not, attracted, its end in the U shall take upon the upper limb
thereof and cause the contact point to dip into the mercury; but when the
armature is attracted, the lever 17 is freed from control of the armature lever 19,
and then the heavier end falls gradually, eventually breaking the contact between
17 and 18. The amount of this contact between 17 and 18 or the rate of fall of
the lever, can be so adjusted as to preserve the contact for a definite period after
19 is attracted by 16.
The feeding of the card is effected as follows: Upon the bottom of the tray 5 is
formed a ratchet the length of whose teeth is equal to the distance between the
transverse lines on the card 10. In a slot in the bed 2 is pivoted a lever 7 carry-
ing a pawl arm 8, an ordinary spring 9 holding the lever 7 back against a stop
pin. Upon the shaft 1 is an arm 6 rotating therewith and adapted to take at its
outer end against and move, the lever 7. The relation of these parts is such that
this shall occur at the time the trailer arm 4 is passing over the blank space 15 on
the segment wheel 3.
By the connection of the anvils 14 and the segments 47, the local circuit 60 is
divided between them into a number of derived or branch circuits 59 in each of
which are the two breaks, referred to. If both breaks in any one are closed at
the same time, the entire local circuit 60 is closed. This is illustrated diagram-
matically in Figure 22.
While these two points in the local circuit are normally open, the break therein
at 17, 18 is normally closed, the closing of the two breaks causing the opening of
the latter, while the opening of the latter causes the opening of the first two and
its own closure.
-

page_text: With these means and this arrangement of connections, if a prepared card be
placed in the tray and its first transverse line brought beneath the range of the
keys, and keys corresponding to the indications thereon will be caused to contact
with their anvils and close this one break in their respective branch circuits; that
is, one set of contacts therein will be closed, ready and waiting for the closure of
the other break (and the completion thereby of the local circuit) by the trailer arm
and the appropriate segment 47. As this arm reaches the segment connected to
the first key in use, the closure of the circuit causes magnet 16 to attract its
armature-lever 19, the stop 20 being thereby thrust into the path of 21 arresting
the movement of the shaft, and commutator 46, the line being then held closed and
its condition at that moment maintained, arresting the movement of the escape-
ment 22 in circuit. As 19 is attracted, it permits 17 to fall, whereby contact
with 18 is destroyed and the local circuit is broken. As before stated, the parts
are so adjusted that the interval necessary for this is sufficient to permit all the
printing magnets in circuit to operate. When this has been done 20 is withdrawn
from 21 and the "trailer-arm" passes to the next segment, connected to a closed
key 12 and so on throughout the line. As the trailer 4 reaches the blank segment,
the arm 6 takes against the lever 7 and, while 4 is passing over 15, carries 7
sufficiently far to cause the pawl 8 to advance the tray and card the space of a
tooth, bringing a new transverse line beneath the keys; thus the feed is always
accomplished during a slight interval between the uses of any two successive
transverse lines, the prepared, card and the keys remaining stationary during the
use of a line; while all tendency to "spark" is transferred to the disc and arm,
which may be readily supplied with the ordinary oil lubricant to obviate the
sparking or reduce its effects.
It may happen that it is desired to send a message consisting of but a few words
or ciphers, especially in such communications as often necessarily must pass
between transmitting and receiving clerks; and that the preparation of such
short message would involve loss of time or unnecessary trouble. I therefore add
to this transmitter a device (see Figure 21) which may be used in lieu of the range
of keys, yet involving the same principle of closing one break and maintaining a
waiting contact there until the other break is closed. On a suitable base, a series
of metallic pins or buttons 25 is arranged, equal in number to the conducting
segments 47 the buttons and segments being connected by circuits 28 as are the
segments and keys. A metallic stylus, adapted to be held in the hand, is con-
nected by a flexible wire cord 27 with the circuit 60 and includes a local battery
as shown. If now the stylus be placed in contact with the button 25 representing
the desired letter, the local circuit 27, 28, 60 will be completely closed and the
same sequence of operations take place as in the case of its closure by 12, 14
and 4, 47.
While in the drawings a single line printing-telegraph circuit is shown―i,e one
where the printing magnet of the receiving instrument is in the escapement circuit
and is arranged to be operated by a prolonged closure of such circuit of some
change in its normal condition or by the action of the escapement armature lever
on a local printing. circuit-it is evident that the invention is not confined to such
a circuit and that it may be used-with a two wire circuit, that is where one circuit
is used for the escapement and one for the printing, the circuits being each com-
plete and independent..
The devices controlling the main line transmitter have also been shown in a
local circuit normally open it is evident however that, by slight changes in the
circuit connections, such devices may be placed in the main line itself or in a local
circuit normally closed and operating on: its opening to control the main line
transmitter.
If it be desired to place the transmitter controlling devices in a normally closed
local circuit, the anvils of the keys are placed so that the keys are normally; in'

page_text: contact therewith but lifted therefrom by the action of an embossment in the
prepared card.
In this last construction the extra segment upon the disc herein called the non-
conducting or non-connected segment is connected to the pivot pin of the keys so
that a shunt circuit to the keys is formed once during each revolution of the arm
maintaining the circuit closed while the feeding mechanism operates.
The stop on the armature lever is so placed on it that the magnet holds it out of
operation while its circuit is closed. In this case a branch circuit is formed from
the local battery to the mercury cup and contacts which are adjusted to normally
break contact, but upon release by the armature lever, to form contact after a
suitable interval.
As the keys are all in circuit, the circuit will always be complete no matter
which segment the trailer arm is passing over. If certain keys be lifted from
their anvils by the embossments of a line to be transmitted there will be breaks at
those points. As the trailer arm reaches the first corresponding segment the
circuit is totally broken, the stopping magnet releases its armature, which halts
the transmitter. At the same time the contact lever and mercury cup are allowed
slowly to make contact, which done, completes the branch circuit, causing the
charging again of the stop magnet, the release of the transmitter and its operation
until the arm reaches the next segment corresponding to a key operated on.
In lieu of stopping and starting the commutator or pole changer 46 in the
manner illustrated in Figure 21 there can be substituted for the wheel 21 an
escapement wheel, and combined with the same an escapement fork, and a circuit
containing electric magnet device for vibrating said fork-said circuit being
controlled by an automatic pole changer for throwing thereon rapid reversals of
current. In this modification a magnet would be included in the "trailer arm"
circuit, but this magnet would be used to make and break the "escape fork"
circuit this being effected by the movement of the armature of the magnet.
The magnet when excited attracts its armature; this movement breaks the
escape fork," circuit and consequently arrests the movement of the devices
included therein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
First: The combination in telegraphic circuit of circuit making and breaking.
devices, a transmitting fillet or card for controlling the same, having the code
symbols constituting the message formed thereon each as a dot or point of the
same character arranged in one or more rows and at varying distances from one
another and from a fixed initial point or the edge of the card, and receiving
devices adapted to reproduce the symbols upon a fillet as and for the purposes
herein before set forth.
=-
Second A card, fillet or strip for automatically controlling telegraphic trans-
mission having the symbols of the code used arranged thereon in transverse lines
in each of which they may follow one another in code succession as and for the
purposes herein before set forth.
Third: The apparatus for preparing the card or slip with characters in trans-
verse lines, constructed substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 11-13 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth-Transmitting apparatus comprising the combination of a card having
the code symbols arranged thereon in transverse lines, mechanism for inter-
mittently feeding this card step by step in a direction at right angles to the
transverse rows of symbols thereon, and contact mechanism controlled by said
card, the arrangement being such that when the contact mechanism is in action,
the feed mechanism is at rest, and vice versa, as herein before set forth.

page_text: Fifth In an automatic transmitter for printing telegraphs the combination'
with stopping mechanism, of releasing devices brought into action by the operation
of said stopping mechanism and automatically operating when thus brought into
action to release the transmitter, from the control of the stopping mechanism
substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth.
Sixth In an automatic transmitter for printing telegraphs the combination of
a fillet or card having code signals and indications thereon, stopping mechanism
controlled thereby, and releasing devices arranged and automatically operating to
release the transmitter from the control of the stopping mechanism at the time and
in the manner substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
Seventh-In an automatic transmitter for printing telegraphs thé combination
of a code or fillet having code signals or indications thereon, with a series of circuit
keys, one for each signal or indications of the code arranged to be operated each
by its appropriate indication on said card, and a single main circuit controlled by
all the keys, substantially as herein before set forth.
Eighth In an automatic transmitter for printing telegraphs a circuit embracing
stopping and releasing devices and two series of makes and breaks each serios
having a single contact or make and break for each character or indication of the
code used one series being arranged to be controlled by a prepared card or fillet
and the other arranged to be controlled seriatim by a revolving or trailer arm
substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
Ninth In an automatic transmitter for printing telegraphs the combination
within a circuit of a series of branch or derived circuits thereto in each of which
are two makes and breaks only one controlled by a key and the other by a
segment of a disc and a trailer arm the makes and breaks of the keys of the
branch circuits to be used in one revolution of the trailer arm being controlled
simultaneously and in advance of the makes or breaks at the segments sub-
stantially as herein before set forth.
Tenth-In a transmitter for automatically controlling the operation of printing
telegraphs a circuit having three points of completion therein the first normally
open or closed as the case may be and brought to an opposite condition when
desired by means substantially as described such as the prepared card and its
cooperating keys and anvils the second normally in the same condition as the first
but brought to an opposite condition intermittently by a travelling contact arm
and the third in a condition normally opposite to the other two but caused to
change condition on change of condition of the circuit through the others and
operating upon such change to restore the normal condition of the circuit sub-
stantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth.
Eleventh In a transmitter for controlling automatically printing telegraphs
the combination of a commutator which throws upon the line the proper sequence
of currents for operating or controlling the printing escapements a series of keys
and contacts, a disc or wheel bearing a series of contact plates a revolving arm
passing over and contacting seriatim with such plates and rotating with the
commutator a stopping mechanism therefore controlled by a magnet in the circuit
and means controlled by such magnet for controlling said circuit and automatically.
restarting the commutator and travelling arm into action substantially as herein;
before set forth.
Twelfth In a transmitter for controlling automatically the operation of
printing telegraphs the combination with a commutator and a revolving contact
arm travelling together of a disc bearing a series of conducting segments equal in
number to the characters of the code used and one extra segment a movable holder
for the prepared card and a lever attached to and revolving with the shaft of the
commutator and travelling arm and arranged to effect the feed of the card holder
while the travelling arm is passing over the extra segment on the disc substantially
as set forth,
↓

page_text: Thirteenth-In a transmitter for controlling automatically printing telegraphs
the combination of a series of keys and contacts.or anvils equal in number to the
characters in the code used each key and corresponding contact representing one
character and a card or fillet having the indications of the characters to be printed
arranged thereon in transverse lines operating simultaneously upon all the keys
corresponding to the indications in the line in use substantially as hereinbefore set
forth.
Fourteenth In a transmitter for automatic printing telegraphs the combination
with a cominutator a disc provided with conducting segments an arm travelling
thereon and stopping and starting devices substantially as set forth of a key board
containing a series of fixed keys or contact blocks insulated from each other and
equal in number to the conducting segments a circuit having a branch connection
from each key to a corresponding segment a pin or stylus for manual use connected
in the circuit whereby the circuit may be completed by the contact of the pin or
stylus with any key substantially as hereinbefore set forth.