IMPROVEMENTS IN TIME-GLOBES, AND IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GLOBES; ALSO APPLICAble for ManuFACTURING OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TIME-GLOBES, AND IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
CONNECTION WITH A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GLOBES;
ALSO APPLICAble for ManuFACTURING OTHER HOLLOW ARTICLES." A com-
munication from abroad by James Arkell, of Canajsharie, New York State,
and Louis Paul Juvet, of Glen's Falls, New York State, in the United States
of Amering
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bristow Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serlo Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. " IMPROVEMENTS IN TIME-GLOBES, AND IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF
MANUFACTURING GLOBES; ALSO APPLICABLE FOR MANUFACTURING OTHER HOLLOW
ARTICLES." (A communication from abroad by James Arkell, of Canajsharie, New
York State, and Louis Paul Juvet, of Glen's Falls, New York State, in the United
States of America.)
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and connected with the
manufacture and production of improved time-globes and other bollow articles, and
to the machinery or apparatus to be employed therein.
The improvement in time-globes consists principally in arranging the usual clock
face externally of the meridian ring, and in supporting it thereby either directly or
indirectly; in arranging the clockwork which rotates the globe and operates the
index hands of the clock externally of the globe, and in supporting it by the
meridian ring either directly or indirectly; in making the meridian ring with a
circular eye or yoke at that pole at which the polar dial is to be employed, the
latter being arranged therein; in constructing the meridian ring and supporting
stand more simply than heretofore, without lessening their capability of use for all
their designed purposes; and in employing a transparent polar dial so as to obtain
a comparatively unobstructed view of the globe's surface near its pole.

page_text: The second part of the Invention relates to novel machinery or apparatus to be
used in the manufacture of globes or other hollow articles, and consists in the use
of two dies or mould parts, one of which has a rigid and the other a yielding
surface; in the combination with an expansible die of a follower and suitable
mechanism for forcing the latter into the die to expand it; in the combination with
a rigid female die of a yielding or expansible male die provided with a screw-shaft
and propelling nut, these parts being arranged to operate in the required manner;
and in the combination with the expansible male die and its screw-shaft of a
follower arranged to enter the die (to expand it), and a propelling nut mounted ou
the screw-shaft.
The third part of this Invention relates to a novel process of making hollow globes
or other shaped hollow receptacles or boxes, and consists in forming hemispherical
or other shaped sections of the globe or case of layers of paper stock or what is
called "wet-broke," by placing the layers on one part of a dic or mould with
intermediate layers of some suitable adhesive substance, then subjecting the series
of layers to compression, and then drying them either by artificial or natural heat.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to a novel article of manufacture for
the purposes of globes and spherical boxes or cases, and consists of a hollow
spherical or other shaped article adapted to be used either for the purposes of a
terrestrial (or other) globe or as a case or receptacle for any sort of goods, composed
of layers of what is known in the art of paper making as "wet-broke," and which
are united under pressure to form the desired article.
In carrying the first part of the Invention into effect, the inventors mount a
terrestrial globe (which by preference they make hollow and as light as practicable,
and of any desired material) in bearings or supports in a meridian ring, its axial
shaft being provided with and turning on centres so as to rotate with the least
possible friction.
The meridian ring is supported in the usual manner by a holder-clamp, in which it
is adjustable circumferentially to set the globe with its axis at any required degree of
obliquity to the horizon, and in which it may be securely held fast at any adjust-
ment by a thumb-screw, the holder-clamp (and all it carries) being also capable of
horizontal adjustment in a stand by which it and all are carried, a vertical spindle
extending down into a cylindrical housing at the top of the stand, and being held
fast in any desired position by a thumb-screw. The clock-mechanism, which both
rotates the globe and drives the hour and minute hands of an ordinary clock face, is,
by preference, enclosed in a case attached to or supported by the meridian-ring.
The equatorial-dial is as usual attached to the meridian-ring, and is numbered on
both sides with figures indicating the twenty-four hours of time within which
the earth makes one revolution on its axis, and within which time the globe is
rotated once in a contrary direction to the motion of the clock-hands by the
clock-work.
Though in all cases the clock face is arranged externally of the meridian ring so
as to secure a full view thereof, the works of the clock may be arranged between
the said ring and the globe, but so as not to obstruct a proper or desirable view of
the globe's surface, and by which arrangement the inventors gain the following
among many advantages:-An unobstructed view of the clock-face; the clock-work
may be so directly connected with or geared to the shaft or axis of the globe as to
very easily rotate it with the least complexity of gearing; the whole structure is
capable of very economic manufacture, and is not liable to derangement in any of
its parts; all parts are readily accessible in case of any derangement of any part, or
the necessity for any repair; and the whole contrivance is neat in appearance, and
desirable for all its intended uses.
According to another improvement, the meridian-ring holder (which is arranged
as usual to turn freely on a vertical axis or stem in its pedestal or stand) is composed
simply of two plate-like portions united at the bottom and three anti-friction
rollers, two of which serve to support the gravity of the meridian-ring while the
other holds it down in place, the holder being provided with a thumb-screw, which

page_text: passes through one of its plate-like portions and is tapped into the other for the
purpose hereinafter explained. The meridian-ring, instead of being made as usual,
is formed (or provided) with a circular eye or yoke, within which is fitted and held
in any proper manner the polar or second stationary dial of the apparatus, and
at the centre of which is formed or provided a bearing or journal-box for one end
of the axial shaft of the globe, the other end of which has its bearing in the opposite
side of the meridian-ring as usual.
The dial-plate is made by preference of glass or other transparent material, so as
to avoid obstructing a clear view of the globe's surface about its vicinity; it is
numbered like an ordinary clock or watch-face, and is provided with hands which
turn upon an axis of rotation coincident with the axis of motion of the globe.
The usual movement of the meridian-ring to effect the adjustment of the globe
with its axis at any desired degree of inclination is permitted by reason of its
being confined loosely in a lateral direction between the two plate-like portions of
the holder and in a vertical direction between the anti-friction rollers. When it is
desired to clamp or hold the ring fast in any given position it is only necessary to
tighten the said thumb-screw, whereby the two sides of the holder are caused to
nip the said ring between them.
This clamping device and the described combination and arrangement of stand,
retaining rollers, ring, and set-screw are, it will be seen, not only efficient in
operation but simple and economic of manufacture.
By making the meridian-ring with a yoke or eye and placing the clock-face or
polar-dial therein, the construction of the apparatus is not only simplified and
cheapened, but is made better and of neater appearance, while by making the dial
transparent a much fuller and readier observation is had of the adjacent parts of
the globe's surface.
The above described improvements may be used separately or conjointly in a
time-globe with more or less advantage, and either or all of them may be employed
in a globe differing as to the location of the chronometer (and in other details of
structure) from that herein before described.
I will now describe respectively the second, third, and fourth parts of the
Invention, comprising the improved apparatus constituting the second part of the
Invention, and used to carry on the improved process forming the third part of
the Invention, resulting in the production of the improved globes or other hollow
articles forming the subject of the fourth part of the Invention.
A hollow (or shell-like) female die is employed, and is by preference heated by
steam supplied by a pipe, the water of condensation being drawn off through a
faucet. This female die is in the present case made hemispherical, and is preferably
mounted in an inverted position at the upper part of a metallic frame-work
composed of vertical rods or posts, the lower part thereof being provided with a
substantial base, to which the posts are rigidly secured. The base has a central
vertical hole through it large enough to permit the passage of a main screw-shaft,
which (with its attachments) is supported vertically by a stout band-wheel, the hub
of which forms a nut to the shaft and rests upon the top surface of the base or
stand, the shaft being held laterally by a bearing with a cross-frame, the centre of
which has a hole through it in which the shaft freely turns.
The shaft las, by preference, a square threaded screw nut on it, and is splined or
grooved longitudinally for the accommodation of a pin or lug which projects
inwardly from the hub of the cross-frame, the object of the groove and lug being to
prevent the shaft from rotating, and thus enable the rotation of the hand-wheel to
effect the raising and lowering of the shaft in the manner and for the purpose
hereinafter explained.
The hand-wheel is retained in position vertically by being countersunk in the
top of the stand. On the shaft above the cross-frame is a nut formed like a hand-
wheel so that it can readily be turned by hand, and to the upper end of the hub
thereof is suitably connected the lower portion or hub of a device or follower,
which performs the function of expanding the male die (as hereinafter explained),

page_text: the connection between the follower and its nut being such that while the nut is
moved up and down by rotation on the screw-shaft the follower is free to move up
and down therewith without rotating, though its connection with the nut is such
that it is not prevented thereby from rotating.
The male die is in this instance hemispherical and adapted to fit into the female
die. It is secured at its centre or apex internally to the upper end of the screw-
shaft, and is made comparatively thin from near its centre down to its periphery,
and is slit radially so as to be slightly elastic or expansible, and is perforated with
numerous small holes, and when in use its outer surface is clothed with a covering
of felt or other cloth-like material.
The felt or other similar cover is used to prevent the enforcement of the material
to be moulded on the die into the slits and perforations thereof, and at the same
time to permit the passage to and through the perforations of the water exprossed
from the moulded material.
In the use of the apparatus thus far described for carrying on the improved
process, and for the production of the improved hollow moulded articles, the
operation is as follows, and from a description thereof the nature of the improved
process will be understood:-
The movable parts of the machine having been adjusted to such positions as that
the male die may be readily approached by the operator a sheet or piece of moist
"wet-broke" is laid over the outer surface of the male die above its felt cover.
To make the piece of "wet-broke" fit and lay on properly it may be gored like
the permanent covering of the male die, and after being placed in position the
exposed surface of the layer is coated over with paste or other adhesive substance.
Another layer of the "wet-broke," similarly coated with paste, but on both sides,
is then placed over the first layer, and so on, until the required number of layers
have been applied, the last applied layer, however, not having any pasto applied to
its outer surface.
The male die is then elevated by turning the hand-wheel nut until it is forced
well up into the female die, when the aggregation of "wet-broke" layers is com-
pressed into a solid mass, but with a more positive pressure and more solidity at
the top portion of the male die than elsewhere.
This peculiarity of structure and operation of the male die has this effect, viz.,
that by reason of the capability of the die to yield slightly any tendency of the
material to draw or drag toward the base of the die during its movement into the
female die is avoided, and though the material being moulded or compressed is
subjected to most pressure at the upper part of the male die, this is desirable, since
thereby the maximum pressure is first exerted in line with the line of motion and
driving shaft, thus ensuring the centreing of the dies, and the subsequent operation
ensuring an equality of thickness in the moulded shell of material all round the
lower portions of the die.
This subsequent operation is as follows:-After the parts have been brought into
the relation just described the follower is forced up by turning its hand-wheel nut
until the former is forced sufficiently far into the base portion of the male die to
expand it to an extent sufficient to ensure the compression of the material being
moulded evenly at all points on the surface thereof, and thus produce a hemi-
spherical shell perfectly equal in thickness and density throughout its extent.
Either before the completion of these operations or subsequently the hollow
female die is supplied with steam of the proper temperature, and by the retention
of the moulded material between the dies for the proper length of time, varying
according to the temperature of the female die, the thickness of the shell being
made, and other conditions, the moulded shell will be properly baked or dried, and
the several layers of "wet-broke" and interposed adhesive material will become
a solid mass capable of exhibiting great cohesive strength and withstanding a great
crushing pressure. During the moulding or compressing and the baking or drying
processes, the water expressed and the products of evaporation all pass readily
through the porous covering and the holes or perforations in the male die.

page_text: After the removal of the moulded shell from the dies it may have its edge
trimmed or turned to make the shell perfectly hemispherical; two such shells may
then be fitted together in any suitable manner, either permanently or so as to
permit the separation of the parts at pleasure, to make a globe, or globular case, or
receptacle for any desired purpose.
By the use of the above named material the drawing of the layers can be effected
snugly over the male die without any tearing or wrinkling of them, and the
aggregate layers be subsequently compressed into a solid article of perfectly equal
thickness and density throughout, and of great tenacity and strength.
The finished hemispheres are united by means of an internal band of thin sheet
metal, which by preference is permanently attached half its width to the one
hemisphere and tits snugly within the other.
The finished article may of course be of any other form than that described, the
dies being made to produce any desired shape, and may have its halves or parts
united or put together in any suitable manner either permanently or otherwise,
according to the intended uses of the completed article.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Bristow Hunt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April
1980.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIME-GLOBES, AND IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF
MANUFACTURING GLOBES; ALSO APPLICABLE for ManufactURING OTHER HOLLOW
ARTICLES." A communication from abroad by James Arkell, of Canajsharie, New
York State, and Louis Paul Juvet, of Glen's Falls, New York State, in the United
States of America.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and connected with the
manufacture and production of improved time-globes or globe-clocks and other
hollow articles, and to the machinery or apparatus to be employed therein.
The improvement in time-globes consists principally in arranging the usual
clock-face externally of the meridian-ring, and supporting it thereby either directly
or indirectly; in arranging the clock work which rotates the globe and operates the
index-hands of the clock, externally of the globe, and supporting it by the meridian-
ring either directly or indirectly; in making the meridian-ring with a circular eye
or yoke at that pole at which the polar dial is to be employed, the latter being
arranged therein; in constructing the meridian-ring and supporting stand more
simply than heretofore without lessening their capability of use for all their designed
purposes, and in employing a transparent polar dial so as to obtain a comparatively
unobstructed view of the globe's surface near its pole.
The second part of the Invention relates to the inachinery or apparatus to be used
in the manufacture of globes or other hollow articles, and consists in the use of two
dies or mould parts, one of which has a rigid and the other a yielding surface; in
the combination with an expansible die of a follower, and suitable mechanism for
forcing the latter into the die to expand it; in the combination with a rigid female
die of a yielding or expansible male die provided with a screw shaft and propelling
nut, these parts being arranged to operate in the required manner; and in the
combination with the expansible male die and its screw-shaft of a follower arranged
to enter the die (to expand it) and a propelling nut mounted on the screw-shaft.
The third part of the Invention relates to a novel process of making hollow globes
or other shaped hollow receptacles or boxes, and consists in forming hemispherical
or other shaped sections of the globe or case of layers of paper-stock or what is
called "wet-broke," by placing the layers on one part of a die or mould with
intermediate layers of some suitable adhesive substance, then subjecting the series
of layers to compression, and then drying them either by artificial or natural heat.
The fourth part of the Invention relates to a novel article of manufacture for the
purposes of globes and spherical boxes or cases, and consists of a hollow spherical or
other shaped article adapted to be used either for the purposes of a terrestrial or
other globe or as a case or receptacle for any sort of goods, composed of layers of
what is known in the art of paper making as "wet-broke," and which are united
under pressure to form the desired article.
Such being the nature and objects of the said Invention, I will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed
or carried into effect, and in order that the same may be distinctly understood, I
have annexed hereunto two Sheets of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in
the following description or explanation thereof, that is to say:-
In carrying the first part of the Invention into effect, let reference now be had to
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings. The inventors mount a terrestrial
globe A (which by preference is made hollow and as light as practicable, and of any

page_text: desired material) in bearings or supports in a meridian-ring B, its axial shaft a being
provided with and turning on centres 6 so as to rotate with the least possible
friction.
The meridian-ring is supported in the usual manner by a holder-clamp C, in which
it is adjustable circumferentially to set the globe with its axis at any required
degree of obliquity to the horizon, and in which it may be securely held fast at any
adjustment by a thumb screw c, the holder clamp (and all it carries) being also
capable of horizontal adjustment in a stand by which it and all are carried; a
vertical spindle extending down into a cylindrical housing D at the top of the
stand E, and being held fast in any desired position by a thumb-screw d.
The clock-mechanism, which both rotates globe and drives the hour and minute
hands of an ordinary clock-face, is, by preference, enclosed in a case F attached to or
supported by the meridian-ring B as shown.
The equatorial dial G is as usually attached to the meridian-ring, and is numbered
on both sides with figures indicating the twentyfour hours of time within which
the earth makes one revolution on its axis, and within which time the globe A
is rotated once in a contrary direction to the motion of the clock-hands by the
clock-work.
The clock-work and clock-face are shown on the accompanying Drawings as
located at the north-pole of the globe, and in looking at the clock-face, as in Figure 1,
the equatorial-dial it will be seen is numbered, beginning at the highest point from
right to left, since the globe turns in this direction, but the other side of the
equatorial-dial is of course numbered in the opposite direction, since, when viewed
from the south-pole, the globe rotates from left to right.
Though in all cases the clock-face is arranged externally of the meridian-ring so
as to secure a full view thereof, the works of the clock may, if deemed expedient, be
arranged between the said ring and the globe, but so as not to obstruct a proper or
desirable view of the globe's surface; and by such an arrangement the inventors
gain the following among many advantages:-An unobstructed view of the
clock-face; the clock-work may be so directly connected with or geared to the shaft
or axis of the globe as to very easily rotate it with the least complexity of gearing;
the whole structure is capable of very economic manufacture, and is not liable to
derangement in any of its parts; all parts are readily accessible in case of any
derangement of any part, or the necessity for any repair; and the whole contrivance
is neat in appearance, and desirable for all its intended uses.
The general inode of operation of the apparatus and its uses are analogous to the
working and the purposes of other time-globes or globe-clocks, and therefore need
not be described.
According to another improvement, illustrated in Figures 3 to 5, the meridian-
ring-holder D (which is arranged as usually to turn freely on a vertical axis or
stem in its pedestal or stand E) is composed simply of two plate-like portions
united at the bottom, and three or more antifriction rollers f, g, two of which, f
serve to support the gravity of the meridian-ring C, while the other, g, holds it
down in place, the holder being provided with a thumb-screw h which passes
through one of its plate-like portions and is tapped into the other, for the purpose
hereinafter explained.
The meridian-ring instead of being made as usually is formed or provided with
a circular eye or yoke at o², within which is fitted and held in any suitable manner
the polar or second stationary dial I of the apparatus, and at the centre of which is
formed or provided a bearing or journal-box for one end of the axial-shaft B of the
globe A, the other end of which has its bearing in the opposite side of the meridian-
ring as usually.
The dial-plate I is made preferably of glass or other transparent material so as
to avoid obstructing a clear view of the globe's surface about its vicinity, and it is
numbered like an ordinary clock or watch-face, and is provided with hands which
turn upon an axis of rotation coincident with the axis of motion of the globe.

page_text: This improvement is illustrated as applied to a time-globe in which the clock-
mechanism is located inside of the globe, and in which the hands of the dial I
would of course be attached to and be moved by hollow arbors mounted on or
around the axial shaft B, but it will be understood that it may be employed in a
time-globe in which the chronometer is located externally of the globe, as described
in the preceding modification.
The usual movement of the meridian ring to effect the adjustment of the globe
with its axis at any desired degree of inclination is permitted by reason of its being
confined loosely in a lateral direction between the two plate-like portions of the
holder and in a vertical direction between the antifriction rollers f. g. When it is
desired to clamp or hold the ring fast in any given position it is only necessary to
tighten the thumb-screw h, whereby the two sides of the holder are caused to nip
the ring between them.
This clamping device and the described combination and arrangement of stand,
retaining-rollers, ring, and set-screw, are it will be seen not only efficient in
operation but simple and economic of manufacture.
By making the meridian-ring with a yoke or eye c³ and placing the clock face
or polar-dial I therein, the construction of the apparatus is not only simplified and
cheapened but is made better and of neater appearance, while by making the dial I
transparent a much fuller and readier observation is had of the adjacent parts of
the globe's surface.
The above described improvements may be used separately or conjointly in a
time-globe with more or less advantage, and either or all of them may be employed
in a globe differing as to the location of the chronometer (and in other details of
structure) from that hereinbefore described.
I will now describe respectively the second, third, and fourth parts of the Inven-
tion. Let reference now be had to Figures 6 to 12 of the accompanying Drawings,
these parts comprising the improved apparatus constituting the second part of the
Invention, and used to carry on the improved process forming the third part of the
Invention, resulting in the production of the improved globes or other hollow
articles forming the subject of the fourth part of the Invention.
Figure 6 represents a vertical central section of a machine or apparatus made
according to the second part of the Invention, and showing the parts adjusted in
the positions or condition necessary to the introduction of the material to be
operated upon; Figure 7 represents a partial sectional elevation of the same (in the
same plane of section), showing the parts differently adjusted; and Figure 8
represents another similar view showing a still further difference of adjustment,
for the purposes hereinafter explained; Figure 9 represents a top view of the per-
forated expansible male die; and Figure 10 represents a side view of the same;
and in the several views so far enumerated the same parts are designated by the
same letters of reference.
Figures 11 and 12 illustrate respectively in elevation and vertical section a
finished globe made according to this Invention.
A represents a hollow or shell-like female-die, which is preferably heated by
steam supplied by a pipe a, the water of condensation being drawn off through a
faucet b. This female die is in the present case made hemispherical, and is pre-
ferably mounted in an inverted position at the upper part of a metallic frame-
work B composed of vertical rods or posts, the lower part thereof being provided
with a substantial base C, to which the posts B are rigidly secured. The base C
has a central vertical hole through it large enough to permit the passage of a main
screw-shaft E, which (with its attachments) is supported vertically by a stout
hand-wheel c, the hub of which forms a nut to the shaft and rests upon the top
surface of the base or stand C, the shaft being held laterally by a bearing with a
cross frame D, the centre of which has a hole through it in which the shaft freely
turns.
The shaft has by preference a square threaded screw nut on it, and is splined or

page_text: grooved longitudinally, as seen at d, Figure 6, for the accomodation of a pin or
lug e, which projects inwardly from the hub of the cross frame D, the object of
the groove and lug being to prevent the shaft E from rotating, and thus enable
the rotation of the hand-wheel c to effect the raising and lowering of the shaft in
the manner and for the purpose hereinafter explained.
The hand-wheel c is retained in position vertically by being countersunk, and
secured in the top of the stand C by a pin i.
On the shaft E above the cross frame D is a nut f, formed somewhat like a hand-
wheel, so that it can readily be turned by hand; and to the upper end of the hub
thereof is suitably connected by pins g the lower portion or hub of a device or
follower G, which performs the function of expanding the male die (as hereinafter
explained), the connection between the follower and its nut being such that while
the nut is moved up and down by rotation on the shaft E, the follower is free to
move up and down therewith without rotating, though it is not prevented thereby
from rotating.
H represents the male die, which is in this instance hemispherical, and adapted
to fit into the female die A. It is secured at its centre or apex internally to the
upper end of the screw shaft E, as shown, and is made comparatively thin from
near its centre down to its periphery, and is slit radially, as seen at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, and 8, so as to be slightly elastic or expansible, and is perforated with numerous
small holes, and when in use its outer surface is clothed with a covering of felt or
other cloth-like material m, which is preferably cut in gores, as illustrated in
Figure 7, and thus made to smoothly cover the die, and is used to prevent the
enforcement of the material to be moulded on the die H into the slits and
perforations thereof, and at the same time to permit the passage to and through
the perforations of the water expressed from the moulded material.
In the use of the apparatus thus far described for carrying on the improved
process, and for the production of the improved hollow moulded articles, the
operation is as follows, and from a description thereof the nature of the improved
process will be understood:-
The movable parts of the machine having been adjusted to the positions shown
in Figure 6, or so that the male die H may be readily approached by the operator,
a sheet or piece of moist "wet-broke" is laid over the outer surface of the male
die above its felt cover m, and to make it fit and lay on properly it may be gored
like the cover m, and after being placed in position the exposed surface of the
layer is coated over with paste or other adhesive substance. Another layer of the
"wet-broke" similarly coated with paste, but on both sides, is then placed over the
first layer, and so on until the required number of layers have been applied; the
last layer however not having any paste applied to its outer surface.
The male die H is then elevated by turning the hand-wheel nut c until it is
forced well up into the female die A, as shown in Figure 7, when the aggregation
of "wet-broke" layers is compressed into a solid mass, but with a more positive
pressure, and more solidity at the top portion of the male die than elsewhere.
This peculiarity of structure and operation of the male die has this effect, videlicet,
that by reason of the capability of the die to yield slightly, any tendency of the
material to draw or drag toward the base of the die during its movement into the
female die is avoided, and though the material being moulded or compressed is
subjected to most pressure at the upper part of the male die, this is desirable, since
thereby the maximum pressure is first exerted in line with the line of motion and
the driving shaft, thus ensuring the centreing of the dies, and the subsequent
operation ensuring an equality of thickness in the moulded shell of material all
round the lower portion of the die.
This subsequent operation is as follows:-After the parts have been brought into
the relation shown in Figure 7, as just described, the follower G is brought up by
turning its hand-wheet-nut f until it is forced sufficiently far into the base portion
of the male-die (as seen in Figure 8) to expand it to an extent sufficient to ensure
the compression of the material being moulded evenly at all points on the surface

page_text: thereof, and thus produce a hemi-spherical shell perfectly equal in thickness and
density throughout its extent.
Either before the completion of these operations, or subsequently, the hollow
female die is supplied with steam of the proper temperature, and by the retention
of the moulded material between the dies for a sufficient length of time, varying
according to the temperature of the female die, the thickness of the shell being
made, and other conditions, the moulded shell will be properly baked or dried, and
the several layers of "wet-broke" and interposed adhesive material will become a
solid mass capable of exhibiting great cohesive strength, and withstanding a great
crushing pressure.
During the moulding or compressing and the baking or drying processes the
water expressed and the products of evaporation all pass readily through the
porous covering m and the holes or perforations in the male die H.
After the removal of the moulded shell from the dies it may have its edge
trimmed or turned to make the shell perfectly hemispherical; two such shells may
be then fitted together in any suitable manner, either permanently or so as to
permit of the separation of the parts at pleasure, to make a globe or globular case
or receptacle for any desired purpose.
By the use of the above named material the drawing of the layers can be effected
snugly over the male die without any tearing or wrinkling of them, and the
aggregate layers be subsequently compressed into a solid article of perfectly equal
thickness and density throughout, and of great tenacity and strength.
The finished hemispheres O, P, represented in Figures 11 and 12, are united by
means of an internal band T of thin sheet metal, and which by preference is
permanently attached one-half its width to the one hemisphere, the other half
fitting snugly within the other, as shown in Figure 12.
The finished article may of course be of any other form than that described, the
dies being made to produce any desired shape, and may have its halves or parts
united or put together in any suitable manner, either permanently or otherwise,
according to the intended uses of the completed article.
The hemispheres may be dried by natural in lieu of artificial heat with
satisfactory results in the article produced. A globe about such as shown, and
formed of four thicknesses of the material named by the above described process,
is capable of withstanding a crushing weight of three hundred or more pounds,
without showing any deflection of the surface.
For some purposes, such for instance as for "time-globes" or globe-clocks, it is
very important to have the shell of the globe of equal weight throughout its extent,
and for such purposes the above described improved manufacture or product is
most desirable, since (by reason of the process or mode of manufacture, and the
principle of operation of the machine used) it possesses a remarkable degree of
uniformity of weight throughout.
It is also very desirable for many uses on account of the uniformity of thickness,
and the equality and extent of its cohesive strength at all points, as well as for the
comparative small cost at which it can be manufactured.
As compared with a globe of 91/2 inches diameter made of cork, a globe of the
same size made according to the present Invention, (and hence much stronger, more
durable, and of greater perfection of shape), will weigh 71/, ounces, while the cork
globe will weigh 10 ounces, and cost more than thirty times as much.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention, together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as the Invention com-
municated to me by the above named James Arkell and Louis Paul Juvet,-
First. A globe-clock in which the clock-face is placed externally of the meridian-
ring, and is supported thereby, substantially as hereinbefore described, and as
illustrated on the accompanying Sheets of Drawings.
Second. A globe-clock in which the clock-work which rotates the globe and
drives the clock-hands is arranged externally of the globe, and is supported by the

page_text: globe fixtures, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described, and as
illustrated on the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The application and use in such apparatus of a meridian-ring formed or
provided with an eye or yoke adapted to receive the polar dial, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Fourth. The application and use in such apparatus in combination with a plain
meridian-ring C of a holder-stand D, provided with means for vertically supporting
the ring, and for clamping it in the stand, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifth. The application and use is such apparatus in combination with the globe
and meridian-ring of a transparent polar-dial or clock-face, substantially as and
for the purposes herein before described.
Sixth. In apparatus for moulding or shaping the material in the manufacture of
articles moulded under pressure, the peculiar combination with a suitablo solid
faced die of a die having a perforated surface to permit the escape of the water,
substantially as hereinbefore described, and as illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings.
Seventh. The application and use in such apparatns in combination with a rigid
die of a die having a yielding or expansible and contractible surface, substantially
as and for the purpose herein before described.
Eighth. The application and use in such apparatus in combination with an
expansible die of a follower and means for forcing the latter thereinto, substantially
as herein before described.
Ninth. In such apparatus the peculiar combination with the female die A, and
suitable means for holding it, of the mail die H, screw shaft E, and propelling nut c,
the whole arranged and operating as hereinbefore described, and as illustrated ou
the accompanying Drawings.
Tenth. In such apparatus the peculiar combination with the male die H and its
screw shaft E of the follower G and propelling nut F, the whole arranged and
operating as hereinbefore described, and as illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings.
Eleventh. The hereinbefore described improved process of moulding articles out
of paper-stock, consisting in forming the article from a series of layers of "wet-
broke" placed over or within a suitable die or mould, and having some adhesive
material applied intermediately, and by subjecting the aggregate layers to com-
pressive and drying operations, substantially as described.
And, twelfth. As a new article of manufacture a hollow globe or otherwise
shaped case or article, of any desired size, composed of layers of "wet-broke "
moulded together or united by pressure, substantially as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
RATAMAT
TA
BRISTOW HUNT. (LS.)