IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES AND IN BEDSTEADS FOR THE SAME, PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES BEING APPLICABLE TO SOFAS AND OTHER SEATS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, of the Firm of
Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES AND IN BEDSTEADS FOR THE
SAME, PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES BEING APPLICABLE TO
SOFAS AND OTHER SEATS." -A communication from abroad by Julie
Adolphine Massé, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Clinton Edgcumbe
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st March 1869.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES AND IN BEDSTEADS FOR
Price 81

page_text: THE SAME, PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES BEING APPLICABLE TO SOFAS
AND OTHER SEATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved construction of mattresses
and in bedsteads for the same, the improvements in mattresses being
applicable to sofas and other seats, also in ties or attachments to bind
the springs of mattresses together.
.
I proceed to describe the first part of this Invention with reference to
the annexed Drawings. The springs of the mattress a, a, rest respec-
tively on two cross pieces b, b, of T iron supported upon angles or
side rails c, c, which are of L iron. The mounting is effected as
follows; The frame A of the mattress is supported at its extremities
by the corner irons of the posts or uprights B, B, of the bedstead,
and the perfect firmness of the whole is procured by means of looped
keys which pass through holes formed for this purpose in the end rails
of the bedstead as well as those of the mattress. An ornamental frame
can be employed to hold the mattress in place in addition to the loop
keys; the ornamental frame is fastened to the bedstead by tenons
or hooks and screws like those shown at g, Figure 3. The mounting
and dismounting of this mattress are extremely easily and readily
performed. By removing the keys d, d', and screws h, h¹, the parts
are set free. In folding bedsteads three rigid pieces are employed
on each side articulated to one another and hinged to fixed uprights
or legs of the bedstead. This arrangement allows the bedstead to
be folded so as to lessen its size and increase its portability. In this
arrangement I make use of a link attachment, shown at k, Figure 5,
at the places where the mattress is folded to hold the springs to the
chain, while the attachments at the places where there are no hinges
are simply bent wires formed with a hook at each end like those
shown at 1, Figure 6. An arrangement for inclining the head portion
of sofas, beds, or seats is composed of a back piece D made to occupy
at will one of three positions according as a notched bar or claw m
is fixed over studs on the frame. The end frame of the bedstead n,
seen sideways in Figure 9, is pierced with a number of holes, in order
that a cord or thread can be passed or laced through and hold the
head or footboard in place; keys o, o¹, similar to those shown at d, d,
Figure 1 are used. The side ornament can also be laced to the bedstead
in the same manner.

page_text: The second part of my Invention has for its object certain forms and
dispositions of the ties and attachments to bind the springs of mattresses
and seats of every kind. The ties or attachments are advantageous,
and the number to be employed varies according to the dimensions of
the mattresses.
One arrangement of chain or tie consists of a simple continued mesh
constructed so that each mesh slightly covers the one preceding it,
and thus gives much strength to the chain. It consists of a steel or
other metal wire bent into coils which slightly overlap or superpose
one another.
Another arrangement consists of a similar tie or chain in which the
rings or meshes formed by the bending of the wire are at a distance
from one another. This chain is more elastic than the first but is not
so strong.
A third arrangement consists of a chain in which the meshes or
rings formed by the bending of the wire are oval or flattened instead
of circular; the meshes of this form of chain can be made either to
overlap or superpose one another as in the first case or are at a distance
from one another as in the second case described.
A fourth arrangement consists of a chain with a double circular mesh
or ring, which is a combination of two chains similar to that second
described. The meshes at one side of the chain are arranged opposite to
the meshes of the other side, and the meshes are at distances from one
another, as in the second case.
A fifth arrangement consists of a similar double chain, but with
each mesh or ring formed by the bending of the wire disposed quin-
cunxally or by interlacement in the double chain. The chain with oval
meshes thirdly described can be used with the two variations fourthly
and fifthly described with circular meshes.
Two other arrangements consist of a similar chain formed by a wire
with alternate meshes or rings, that is to say, the meshes are alternately
on the right and left; in the first case each mesh on the left-hand side
is opposite the interval between two meshes on the right, and in the
second case the meshes on the right-hand side are immediately opposite
to those on the left.
Three simpler forms of chains are constructed, one by bending the
wire in alternate zig-zags, another by twisting the wire in the form of

page_text: ordinary fretwork in rectangles or squares, and the other by twisting
the wire into symmetrical curves.
Peculiar forms of attachments are made by bending a wire; they
are employed for holding the chains before described or two springs, or
the chains and springs or the frames and stays of the mattresses
to one another.
All these ties or chains can be made of any metal or other suitable
material, and they may be used with all kinds of elastic mattresses,
sofas, and other description of seat.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 1st September 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CLINTON
EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company,
of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, Her special licence
that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe
Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPRING MATTRESSES AND IN BEDSTEADS
FOR THE SAME. PARTS OF THE IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES BEING APPLICABLE
TO SOFAS AND OTHER SEATS," (communicated to me from abroad by Julie
Adolphine Massé, of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of

page_text: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in an improved construction of mattresses
and in bedsteads for the same, the improvements in mattresses being
applicable to sofas and other seats, also in ties or attachments to bind
the springs of mattresses together.
I proceed to describe the first part of this Invention. The springs of
the mattress rest respectively on two cross pieces of T iron supported
upon angles or side rails which are of L iron. The mounting is
effected as follows:-The frame of the mattress is supported at its
extremities by the corner irons of the posts or uprights of the bedstead,
and the perfect firmness of the whole is procured by means of looped
keys which pass through holes formed for this purpose in the end rails
of the bedstead as well as those of the mattress. An ornamental frame
can be employed to hold the mattress in place in addition to the looped
keys; the ornamental frame is fastened to the bedstead by tenons or
hooks and screws. The mounting and dismounting of this mattress
are extremely easily and readily performed, for by removing the keys
and screws all the parts are set free. In folding bedsteads three rigid
pieces are employed on each side articulated to one another and hinged
to fixed uprights or legs of the bedstead. These three pieces are a
square back forming a portion of one part of the mattress, the feet
and the cranks. This arrangement allows the bedstead to be folded
so as to lessen its size and increase its portability. In this arrangement
I make use of a link attachment at the places where the mattress is
folded to hold the springs to the chain, while the attachments at the
places where there are no hinges are simply bent wires formed with
a hook at each end. An arrangement for inclining the head portion
of sofa beds or seats is composed of a back piece made to occupy
at will one of three positions according as a notched bar or claw is

page_text: fixed over studs on the frame. The bedstead may receive lacing or
trimming (capitonnage), although it is entirely of iron. This is
accomplished in the following manner:-The end frame of the bedstead
is pierced with a number of holes in order that a cord or thread can
be passed or laced through and hold with the help of keys similar
to those previously described the head or footboard in place. The side
ornament can also be laced to the bedstead in the same manner.
The second part of my Invention has for its objects certain forms
and dispositions of the ties and attachments to bind the springs of
mattresses and seats of every kind. The different combinations of ties
and attachments shown in the Drawings hereunto annexed are intended
to give mattresses and seats all desirable solidity, and at the same time
to preserve their elasticity. The ties or attachments will be advan-
tageous, and the number to be employed will vary according to the
dimensions of the mattresses and the purpose for which they are
intended.
Figure 1 shews a portion of a chain or tie consisting of a simple
continued mesh constructed. so that each mesh slightly covers the one
preceding it, and thus gives much strength to the chain. It consists
of a steel or other metal wire a bent into coils b which slightly overlap
or superpose one another.
Figure 2 shows a portion of a similar tie or chain in which the rings
or meshes b formed by bending the wire a are at a distance from one
another; this chain is more elastic than the first but it is not so strong.
Figure 3 shows a portion of chain in which the meshes or rings b
formed by the bending of the wire a are oval or flattened instead of
circular. The meshes b of this form of chain can be made either to
overlap or superpose one another as shown in Figure 1, or are at a
distance from one another, as shown in Figure 2.
Figure 4 shows a portion of a chain with a double circular mesh or
ring which is a combination of two chains, similar to that shewn in
Figure 2. The meshes at one side of the chain are arranged opposite
to the meshes of the other side, and the meshes are at distances from
one another, as in Figure 2.
Figure 5 shows a similar double chain, but with each mesh or ring b
formed by the bending of the wire a disposed quincunxally or by
interlacement in the double chain. The chain with oval meshes shown

page_text: at Figure 3 can be used with the two variations shown at Figures 4 and 5
with circular meshes.
Figures 6 and 7 show two portions of a similar chain formed by a
wire a with alternate meshes or rings, that is to say, the meshes are
alternately on the right and left in Figure 6. Each mesh on the left
hand side is opposite the interval between two meshes on the right,
and in Figure 7 the meshes on the right-hand side are immediately
opposite to those on the left.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 show simpler forms of chain. The one shown
in Figure 8 is formed by bending the wire a in alternate zig-zags. In
Figure 9 the wire a is twisted in the form of ordinary "Greek" work
in rectangles or squares. In Figure 10 the wire a is twisted into
symmetrical curves.
Figures 11 and 12 show forms of attachments a' made by bending
a wire; they are employed for holding either the chains before men-
tioned or two springs, or the chains and springs, or the frames and
stays of the mattresses to one another.
All these ties or chains can be made of any metal or other suitable
material, and they may be used with all kinds of elastic mattresses
or sofas and other description of seats. The chains may also be made
either by hand or mechanically upon special mandrils or by other
means, and in all wires whether of steel, copper, iron, or other metal.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The employment of cross pieces of T iron in the construction
of bedsteads, mattresses, couches, and seats, substantially as herein-before
described.
Second. The employment in the frame of angles or side pieces of
Liron firmly united to the cross pieces, substantially as herein-before
described.
Third. The employment of looped keys for uniting or mounting the
bedstead or mattresses, substantially as described.
Fourth. The arrangement, substantially as herein-before described,
for folding bedsteads into three parts in order to render them portable.
Fifth. The arrangement, substantially as herein-before described, for
inclining the head portion of sofa beds.

page_text: Sixth. The system of lacing or ornamenting (capitonnage) the foot
or head of the bedstead as well as the ornamental frame, substantially
as herein-before described.
Seventh. The various dispositions of ties or attachments for mattresses
and couches, substantially as described and shown with reference to
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of August
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
C. E. BROOMAN. (L.S.).