Improvements in or relating to Photographic Cameras.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Photographic Cameras.
I, JOHN BELL IRVING, of Blackwell, Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
One aim
:
This invention relates to photographic cameras and camera shutters.
of my invention is to provide a camera, which, while being perfectly efficient for
all kinds of work, will be so small and compact that it will occupy very little
space.
The camera is made square with double extension swing back rising front
reversing arrangement, and is fitted with a shutter, which shutter can be fitted
behind the front of the camera and inside the bellows. The kind of shutter
I prefer is hereafter described. The bellows are attached to the sides of the frame
instead of two wings at right angles as usual that the folds may not cut off the
light from the edges of the plate, the back folds of the bellows are larger than
the front folds, and are made more pliable so as to open fully before the others
begin to unfold. The dark slides are made square and are so arranged that they
can be put in the camera to replace the ordinary reversing back and cau be used
either vertically or horizontally. The front of the camera may be supported on
the base board (which base board can have the usual rack and pinion movement)
by a brass or other stirrup having slots in which pins on the adjusting rack fit and
hold the front of the camera in the right position: The front of the camera has
also the usual rising front arrangement. The back of the camera is formed so as
to swing backwards or forwards by means of a strut of sheet metal fastened at one.
end to the base board; and bent at right angles in a plane nearly perpendicular to-
the side of the strut, thence again perpendicular at right angles to this plane and
supplied with a long-slot having a sudden hook bend and a second slot. A screw
pin in the frame works in this slot (and there can be several hooks in the slot, and
thus several different points at which it comes to a full steady stop). By however
allowing the pin to round the projection it can run into the next slot, and thus the
swing back opens still further. As the pin arrives at the end of the slot it is held
from going further by the projection. The lens has the usual iris diaphragm
attached to it, but instead of having the setting lever which actuates the diaphragmi
project through the side of the casing, I place it within the hood of the lens mount
at the front, as by this means the lens may be more deeply or entirely sunk within
the camera, and the lever is easier of access.
I also arrange at the back of the camera a focussing screen which may be made.
of any suitable material such as celluloid or the like, but as the screen is liable to
bendi if made of pliable material, I place a light frame fitted with vertical: and
horizontal bars against the screen and which forms a kind of grating. These bars
serve to keep the centre of the screen straight and also can be used instead of the
vertical and horizontal lines which are usually ruled on focussing screens.
Dated this 5th day of July 1895.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of. 6, Lord: Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Photographic Cameras.
I, JOHN BELL IRVING of Blackwell, Carlisle in the County of Cumberland,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to photographic cameras.
One aim of my invention is to provide a camera which while being perfectly
efficient for all kinds of work shall be so small and compact that it will occupy very
little space.
The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, in
which,
Figure 1 is a side elevation of camera with the focussing screen and swing back
partly in section ;
Figure 2, details of adjustment of swing back with slotted arm or strut;
Figures 3 and 4 details showing part of the swing back with dark slide and
swivelling catch;
Figure 5, a partial back view of camera with focussing screen removed;
Figure 6 a view of focussing screen separated from the camera;
Figure 7, front view of camera partly in section showing its adjustment on the
base board; and
Figures 8 and 9, detail views of catch for fixing the front of the camera in desired
position, Figure 8 being a cross section through the rising front, and Figure 9 a
fragmentary plan of the slide f
The camera is made with double extension bellows C, swing back A, rising
front B, reversing arrangement for dark slide and is fitted with a shutter not shown,
which shutter can be fitted behind the front of the camera inside the bellows, and
may be of the kind set forth in the Specification of my Patent Application
No. 7137 of 1895, if desired, though of course I do not confine myself to the use
of this shutter, as other shutters may be used. The bellows C are attached to the
sides of the frame or swing back A instead of to wings at right angles as usual, so
that the folds may not cut off the light from the edges of the plate. The back
folds c of the bellows are larger than those in front of them and are made more
pliable so as to open fully. The dark slides E are made square, and are so arranged
that they can be put into the camera to replace the ordinary reversing back and
can be used either vertically or horizontally. For this purpose the swing back A
of the camera is provided with a lip or abutment a with flanged ends which
engage the grooves e in the two corners of the dark slide E, and the swivelling
catches a engage the grooves in the other two corners. This arrangement enables
the dark slides to be reversed and secured against the swing back A ready for use
and furthermore to be used either vertically or horizontally. The front of the
camera is supported on the base board F (which base board has the usual slide f
with rack and pinion movement G) by a brass or other stirrup H having slots h in
which pins on the adjusting slide or rack f fit and hold the stirrup H in place so
that the front of the camera may be held in the required position. There may be
two sets of these pins I as shown so that the bellows C'have a double extension,
as they can be extended to one or other of said pins I and fixed thereto.
front of the camera has also pins K fitting into slots L in the stirrup H which
enables the front B to be raised or lowered. The swing back A of the camera
which is formed so as to swing backwards or forwards, has a strut of sheet metal L'
pivoted at one end to the base board F, and bent at right angles at M in a plane
perpendicular to the side of the strut, thence again at right angles to this plane,
and supplied with a long slot O having a sudden hook bend and a second slot P.
The

page_text: A screw pin Q in the frame or swing back A works in this slot (and there can be:
several hook bends in the slot, and thus several different points at which it comes.
to a full steady stop). By however allowing the pin Q to round the projection it
can run into the next slot and thus the swing back can open still further. As the
pin arrives at the end of each slot, it is held from going further by the curve in
the slot terminal or otherwise as shown.
I also arrange at the back of the camera a focussing screen shown in Figure 6,..
which may be made of any suitable material such as celluloid or the like, but as
the screen is liable to bend if made of pliable material I place a light frame fitted
with vertical and horizontal bars R against the screen and which forms a kind of
grating. These bars serve to keep the centre of the screen straight and also can
be used instead of the vertical and horizontal lines which are usually ruled on.
focussing screens. It is held in place against the swing back or frame when the
dark slide is removed by the flanged lips a on the swing back and the swivelling
catches a¹ aforesaid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The arrangement of bellows substantially as and for the purposes described.
2. The arrangement of slotted arm or strut with two or more slots entering into
each other whereby the pin can come to rest at two or more positions without
having to be screwed tight.
3. The arrangement of stirrup for carrying the rising front substantially as
described.
4. The focussing screen with bars in the manner set forth.
5. The arrangement whereby the dark slide can be removed from the swing back
or frame of the camera, reversed, and replaced, or used either vertically or
horizontally (without employing the ordinary reversing back) or the focussing-
screen substituted therefor substantially as described.
6. In combination for the purpose of supporting the front of a camera on the
base board, and providing an adjustment therefor, the stirrup H having slots h-
therein, and the projecting pins or studs I on the adjusting slide or rack, these-
latter being adapted to engage the slots and hold the stirrup in place, whereby the-
front of the camera may be extended from one to another of said pins and be held.
in the required position thereby substantially as described.
Dated this 5th day of May 1896.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents..