Improved Method of Drawing Positives (Originals) for Photo- lithography, and of Negatives for Photography without Camera.
Year: 1884

page_text: Improved Method of Drawing Positives (Originals) for Photo-
lithography, and of Negatives for Photography without
Camera.
I JULIUS SCHENKENHOFER, formerly merchant and manufacturer of a Rotary
Hypo Washer in Liverpool, at present residing (: for Experiments) at Hambro'
Germany do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for IMPROVED
DRAWING OF POSITIVES FOR PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY AND OF NEGATIVES FOR PHOTO-
GRAPHY WITHOUT CAMERA to be as follows:-
The art of Drawing has made no progress in comparison to the wonderful
improvements of Photography.-Chemistry, which has fostered the latter to the
utmost, favours now also the first in a manner, as to enable every artist or
amateur with little skill but only patience for learning, to become a Photographer
of all kinds of drawings without requiring a Camera. Two-with Photography
closely connected Chemicals, dissolved in Water, one-a brown liquid, imparting
to paper: opaqueness, the other-a colourless, innocent, watery substance, restoring
at an instant the white colour or transparency of the paper, are by turns applied
by the brush and pen, as also by tissues, fibres, plants &c., moistened with either
of the two liquids, principally as follows:
1.) For drawing or writing with the colourless liquid on paper, which-if it has
been stained by the brown liquid to a slate colour, will show instantly: White
drawing on dark ground (: Leukography.)-This will be a Negative, producing
blue copies on a toned ground with mere washing in Water and if parts are drawn
with a stronger solution of the brown colour, they will appear entirely white;
thus there is light printing in two colours.
2.) For drawing or writing on white or tracing paper with the colourless liquid,
mixed with some chinese ink. This black drawing, if copied in the same way as
a letter on the slate coloured paper, will produce a Negative, similarly serviceable
for blue copies or prints on sensitized paper.
3.) For drawing on tracing paper or cloth: the shadows in fine lines with the
colourless liquid, "slightly coloured if necessary-the strong lights with the brown
colour"
other parts with the lead pencil.-One or different pieces of tissue,
moistened with the brown liquid and pressed upon the drawing, will cause
actual developping of a Negative, producing without Camera, exquisite Collotype
as well as etched printing plates.
an

page_text: 4.) For drawing-in the place of common sepia or china ink-with the brown
and colourless liquid: Diapositivs and Positivs ( Originals :), the first for the usual
well-known purposes, the latter for producing Negatives with the Camera, offering
chances to all Photographers for the preparation of etched printing plates,-a future
abundance of cheap pictures, always welcome as a part of education.
The Negatives, mechanically drawn as mentioned above, require of course
retouching with lead pencil &c., executable upon a framed glass plate, forming a
slope and being a printing frame, when closed. If required, the Negatives, which-
last not least are reversible, can be flattened with a hot iron. The colour will
fade for a moment, but will fastly reappear.-The burning sun does not change it,
if under glass cover, only air is a destroyer, but still more so the antichlor in the
paper, which as a rule should attain the above mentioned slate colour, if saturated
in a solution of 127 grains Iodine dissolved with 15 grains Iodide of potassium in
15 ounces of water, in order to be instanteanously discoloured by 4 Scruples
Hyposulfit of Soda, dissolved in 8 ounces of Water. This is a most convenient and
innocent water for drawing, but it must be applied carefully and in fine lines.―
With aciduous liquids, as for instance sulphuric acid on bichromat-paper, the
results are not half as favourable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim, is
The following Patent rights:
1. To use Iodine and Iodide of potassium as well as Hyposulfit of Soda in every
form as new drawing materials of my Invention.
.
2. To produce with these materials: Originals, Positivs and Diapositivs for
Photolithography as also Negatives for Photography without Camera.
3. To utilize the Negatives, obtained by the Camera and by drawing with
application of tissues &c. for preparing collotype and etched printing plates.

page_text: Improved Method of Drawing Positives (Originals) for Photo-
lithography, and of Negatives for Photography without
Camera.
I JULIUS SCHENKENHOFER formerly merchant and manufacturer of a Rotary
Hypo-Washer in Liverpool at present residing at Hambro' Germany do hereby
declare the nature of my invention for A NEW KIND OF DRAWING POSITIVES FOR
PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY AND OF NEGATIVES FOR PHOTOGRAPHY WITHOUT CAMERA
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
"
The above descriptive Title is to be identified with a new process, known also
under the title "Leukography on account of its principal element being: "White
and transparent drawing on dark coloured materials,"-a commodity, indispensable
for drawing Negatives.-There has been evidently a great desire for this shorter
process of direct or Contact-Photography, else there would have been no aiming at
this result by drawing with a solution of Cyankalium on silvered paper. This
dangerous and expensive experiment is now justly supplanted by drawing with an
innocent, colourless, watery substance, restoring at an instant the white colour or
transparency of paper or tracing-linnen, which has been turned into opaqueness
by another solution of brown colour.-Amongst the various appliances of both
solutions by the brush and pen, as also by tissues and other fibrous matters, the
following are the most prominent :
1.) Drawing or writing with the colourless liquid on paper &c., which—if it has
been stained by the brown liquid to a Slate-colour, will show instantly: White
drawing on dark ground (: Leukography :)-This drawing will be a Negative,
producing blue copies on a toned ground, and if parts are drawn with a more con-
centrated brown colour, these will appear entirely white.-This means: Light-
printing in two colours." The prints are simply washed in Water.
"
2.) Drawing or writing on white or tracing paper with the colourless liquid,
mixed with some chinese ink or blue colour. The black or blue drawing, if copied
in the same way as a letter, on the slate-coloured paper, will produce a Negative,
to be used as described above or for light-printing on sensitized silvered paper.
3.) Drawing on tracing paper or linnen: the shadows in fine lines with the
colourless liquid, made visible by a tinge of blue, the strong light with the brown
colour. One or different pieces of tissue, moistened with a thin solution of the
brown colour and pressed upon the drawing, resembles to developping a Negative,
which if nicely finished with lead-pencil, crayon on either side, will produce by
contact light copies as well as Collotype or etched printing plates.
4.) Drawing in the same way, as with common sepia or china Ink: Diapositives
and Positives, the difference, however, being, that by using the two chemical
liquids charming effects of light-lines in shadows can be produced, as well as fine
hatching by tissues, a most speedy manner of drawing, offering new chances to
Photographers, Lithographers and Printers and to Amateurs, because cheap pictures
are always welcome as a part of education.

page_text: The Negatives, mechanically drawn, as mentioned above, require of course some
retouching, which is executed upon a framed glassplate, forming a slope and being
a printing frame, when closed.-If required, the Negatives, which-last not least―
are reversible, can be flattened with a hot iron. The colour will fade for a moment,
but will fastly reappear.-The burning sun causes no fading of the Negatives in
the Printing frame, varnish protects them against air and dampness, the only
destroyer in time is the antichlor in the paper, which, as a rule, should attain the
above mentioned slate-colour, if saturated a few minutes in a solution of 12,' grains
Iodine, 15 grains Iodide of potassium and 15 ounces of water, in order to be
instanteanously discoloured by 4 Scruples Hyposulfit of Soda, dissolved in 8 ounces
of water. It will often do with more water and if sugared at libitum, there is
nothing alike innocent amongst inks and colours for drawing and writing; but it
must be applied as sparingly as possible and especially with the pen in fine lines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. To use Iodine and Iodide of potassium as well as Hyposulfite of Soda in any
form as new drawing materials of my Invention.
2. To produce with these materials: Positives (: Originals) and Diapositives for
Photolithography as also Negatives for Photography without Camera.
3. To utilize the Negatives, obtained by the Camera and by drawing, on
applying to the same all kinds of tissues and other fibrous matters, for preparing
collotype and etched printing plates.
Dated this 20th day of September 1885
JULIUS SCHENKENHOFER,
at Hambro', Germany.