matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BEAMING YARN
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Hindle and George
Greenwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th
January 1882,
RICHARD HINDLE and GEORGE GREENWOOD both of Blackburn in the County
of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
BEAMING YARN."
This Invention of improvements in machinery or apparatus employed in
beaming yarn relates to an improved construction of the presser or roller
employed for pressing upon and evening the surface of the yarn as it is
wound upon the beam. Our improved presser consists of a hollow metal tube
supported near each of its extremities upon the two arms of the ordinary
holding-up lever which may be arranged in the usual or other convenient manner.
The tube is made in two portions or halves the inner adjacent ends of the two
halves being formed with two or more elongated clutches or fingers which fit into
each other in such manner that when the two sets of clutches are brought together
the tube presents a practically even surface. Within the roller and extending
somewhat on either side of the clutches an inner tube or supporting shell is so
arranged that the clutches of one portion of the roller may slide easily upon its
surface, the other end of the inner tube being fastened and made a fixture within
the clutch end of the other portion of the roller. The support afforded by the
inner tube or shell permits of the two halves of the presser or roller being
distended or contracted in a line parallel with the axis of the roller to suit the
width of the beam upon which the presser is required to operate. We make our
improved presser somewhat less in diameter midway of its length than at its two
extremities its diameter being gradually increased from the centre outwards. By
this arrangement of varying diameters our improved presser will, upon being
pressed against the yarn on the beam, automatically distend itself or open out
until its two outer ends come in contact with the inner sides of the beam flanges
and pressure upon the yarn across the full width of the beam will be thereby
imparted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL SURFACES FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Noad of East Ham in the County of Essex and
Henry Salomon of Gresham Street in the City of London for an invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNAMENTAL SURFACES FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Noad & Henry
Salomon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April
1882.
JAMES NOAD of East Ham in the County of Essex and HENRY SALOMON of
Gresham Street in the City of London "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF ORNAMENTAL SURFACES FOR BUILDING ARCHITECTURAL AND DECORATIVE
PURPOSES GENERALLY."
The object of our Invention is the production of surfaces or plates of convenient
size and shape, with plain or decorated surfaces; when decorated or made on the
surface with designs or patterns or writing these may be in relief and intaglio, the
designs and outlines are hard, sharp and durable and can be washed or otherwise
cleansed as required without injuring the surface and they are coloured according
to the taste of the manufacturer or others.
The materials which we employ for the purposes of our Invention are silica or
fine sand; clay or brick earth, China clay, ground glass, sulphur and boracic acid.
We do not limit ourselves to the proportions of these materials but we find that
the following proportions may advantageously be employed for the purposes of
our Invention,―

page_text: These ingredients are well mixed together and calcined or brought to a red heat
in a retort; this done they are allowed to cool down and drawn from the retort.
The product thus prepared is ground and sifted and in this state may be coloured
according to the work to be produced by adding to the material the required
colouring matter and mixing.
The composition is then put into a pan and brought to Bay 450° or 500° or
even 600° Fahrenheit more or less, sulphur is stirred in until the material is
sufficiently fluid to be run into the moulds. The moulds carry the pattern to be
reproduced on the surfaces.
"
'
The ornamental designs or writing thus produced on surfaces in the manner
before described may be thick or thin but we prefer to make them comparatively
thin so as to render them particularly suitable for such purposes as wall tiles,
cornices, skirting boards, mantle-picces, house decorations generally, flower boxes
and pots, sign boards and advertizing plates or boards, dials and scales,
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR STRENGTHENING AND CHECKING ELECTRIC CURRENTS.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Adie and William Speirs
. Simpson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August
1882.
PATRICK ADIE of 15 Pall Mall in the County of Middlesex and WILLIAM SPEIRS
SIMPSON of 47 Battersea Park Road in the County of Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR STRENGTHENING AND CHECKING ELECTRIC CURRENTS.
Our invention relates to the strengthening of the effects produced by electric
currents both as applied to Telepones and Telegraphs and all electric currents
passed through wires so as to produce more audible or visible results or to
strengthen the power transmitted through such wires, and also an easy mode of
connecting or disconnecting the apparatus or current.
The manner in which we cary this into effect is by placing a battery or
batteries near the receiving end of the wire or Cable and passing the message so to.
speak, through such battery or batteries. This is found greatly to increase the
effect of the current giving greater sound in the Telepone and so enabling it to be
applied to greater distances; likewise with the Telegraph when currents are
feeble or interfered with, giving resuscitation to them and increasing the effects of
electric currents generally, as in the application of these currents to produce
motive power. We are enabled also by this arrangement to do with less battery
power at the sending end. In connecting & disconnecting our battery or
batteries at the receiving end, we purpose by preference using for this a new
arrangement which we may describe as a stop cock made of wood or other non
conducting material, the way or ways of which is or are to be of mercury or metal
connected at either end with the wire or wires through which the current passes
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd March 1882.
JAMES GREEN of Blackburn in the County of Lancaster IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
,
The objects of this invention are to manufacture healds without knots and to
dispense with the use of the metallic or glass "mails" usually employed in such
manufacture.
.
The invention consists principally in the substitution in place of the metallic or
glass "mails" of small endless bands or rings of vulcanized india rubber through
which the twine (of which the body of the heald is made) is merely passed in the
form of a loop without any knot whatever.
The machine used for knitting the healds will thus be greatly simplified as no
looping or knotting apparatus will be required, the healds will take up less room,
they will wear longer, and will not be so liable to wear or cut the threads, as the
metallic or glass "mails" hitherto employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF ACTING HORSE RAKES FOR HARVESTING PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George William Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd December 1882.
GEORGE WILLIAM BROWN of the Reading Iron Works Limited Reading in the
County of Berks Engineer " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF
ACTING HORSE RAKES FOR HARVESTING PURPOSES
"
According to these improvements the teeth of the horse rake are lifted by means
of a friction clutch or clutches advantageously of conical form, one part of which
is fixed to the road wheel, and the other to the frame carrying the teeth.
One part of the clutch is made movable, so as to be readily thrown into, or out
of gear with the other, by suitable arrangements of levers and rods, actuated by
the foot, or hand, of the driver.
Upon being put into gear, the clutch forms a frictional connection between the
road wheel and frame, carrying the teeth, and the former, in advancing, lifts the
latter which is allowed to fall automatically, on reaching a certain point, by
striking against a catch which releases the cones from contact. The other parts
of the rake are of the ordinary construction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC AND MAGNETO-ELECTRIC ENGINES.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cromwell Fleetwood Varley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1882.
CROMWELL FLEETWOOD VARLEY of Cromwell House Bexley Heath in the
County of Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC AND MAGNETO-ELECTRIC
ENGINES.
"
This invention may be constructed with one moving spindle but I prefer two or
any multiple of two spindles. The object is to get a conductor moving between
the poles of magnets so as to generate currents of electricity. A description of the
apparatus with four parallel spindles will illustrate other combinations. On the
further end of the left-hand spindle is placed an insulated conducting disc. On
the rest of that spindle are placed insulated conducting reels. On the intermediate
spindles are placed insulated discs. On the right-hand spindle are placed insulated
reels and at its near end an insulated disc. These discs and reels are either geared
together by teeth cut in their peripheries or are made to overlap each other and
touch or nearly so or they may rotate between fixed pieces of conducting material
curved so as to fit portions of the peripheries. When combined they form a
continuous conductor from left to right back from right to left and so on.
discs are slotted from the circunference towards the centre to prevent false
conduction. These slots may be filled with nonconducting material such as
vulcanite. In order to make the resistance at the junctions as small as possible
jets of fluid metal (such as mercury) are made to play upon them or the discs may
dip into trays of fluid metal to effect the same purpose. In between these discs
are placed poles of magnets so that the rotating discs cut the magnetic rays and
produce one continuous current from one end of the machine to the other.
These
A second method of carrying this invention into effect is as follows:-Between
the poles of a long magnet or magnets a stream of fluid metal (such as mercury) is
made to pass. The metal is supplied through a series of tubes or channels made of
insulating material so that a long sheet of metal insulated above and below the
magnetic field forms one continuous sheet in the magnetic field. Insulated
conductors are in contact with the ends of this moving sheet of fluid metal to carry
off the currents generated. As the magnet opposes the action of gravitation upon
the metal when a current is flowing, the cisterns are sometimes enclosed in a
chamber into which compressed air is forced. The fluid metal is supplied to each
cistern by pumps provided with jets. Each cistern has an overflow pipe to spill
into the adjoining cisterns any excess of metal.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FIRE- BRICKS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Carl Glaser at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1882. A communication
made to him by Fr. Burgers residing at Bulmke near Gelsenkirchen and
Dr. C. Otto residing at Dahlbausen on the Ruhr both in the Gerinan Empire.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany Engineer and Patent Solicitor "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FIRE-
BRICKS [A communication made to him by Fr. Burgers residing at Bulinke near
Gelsenkirchen and Dr. C. Otto residing at Dahlhausen on the Ruhr both in the
German Empire.]
"
According to this invention coal or coke or substances containing coal or coke,
are ground fine and sifted, and are mixed with fireclay or other refractory binding
material such for instance as milk of lime, the mixture being kneaded together
with water after which it is formed into bricks which are then dried on heating
flues or in kilns until they are sufficiently hard for building purposes The bricks
may also be burnt in furnaces having a reducing flame, or under the exclusion
of atmospheric air, in order to make them harder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES FOR STEAM, AIR, WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Vaughan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1882. Commu-
nicated to him from abroad by Archibald Firmston and William Houston, both
of Paris, in the Republic of France,
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE GAUGES FOR STEAM, AIR, WATER
AND OTHER FLUIDS." A communication to me from abroad by Archibald Firmston
and William Houston, both of Paris, in the Republic of France,
This Invention relates to improvements in gauges for indicating the pressure of
steam, air, water and other fluids, as shewn by the accompanying drawing in
which
a. is the base plate having at its lower part a metallic block b. supporting the
curved pressure tube c. c¹. This tube may either be pierced at its centre for the
admission of the steam or other fluid from the inlet pipe d., or it may be formed of
two equal branches (c. and c¹.) adjusted one to each side of the block b. through
which is, in this case, pierced a horizontal passage communicating between the
open ends of the tubes. The upper extremities of the tube or tubes c. c¹. are
hermetically closed by metallic stoppers e. e'. on which are articulated the
bars ff.; the opposite ends, of these bars are articulated to the shank of a toothed
sector g., working on a spindle h. and communicating through a pinion to the
needle i. the movements of the tube c. c. when subjected to internal pressure.
It will be understood that the present improvements may be applied to vacuum
gauges, the mechanism of the sector and corresponding parts being modified
accordingly.
The form, dimensions and general details of construction and arrangement of the
apparatus may be varied according to circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN TENNIS BATS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus Trimmings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1882.
ALFRED AUGUSTUS TRIMMINGS of 54 Grove Road Holloway Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN TENNIS BATS
"
This invention of improvements in Lawn Tennis bats relates to a new method
of stringing the gut to form a net the object is to give a close net great tension
and an even tension to resist the tendency the rackets as usually made have to
warp.
Round the frame of the bat I pierce a series of holes equidistant or not but all
in the same plane and in the centre of the frame and with or without a small
groove connecting each hole.
On the central edge of the bat or in this groove is laid a laying cord of gut or
wire and this is laid round and suitably fastened forming thus a very strong tire
round the frame and the stringing of the gut to form the net is thus, the gut from
the inside of the frame passes to the outside of the frame round the laying gut and
is returned by the same hole through the frame across the frame through the
opposite hole round the laying gut and returns by the same hole and so on.
There are thus two lines of gut from each hole to form the net and all the
tension of the net is in the middle plane of the frame. There is therefore no
tendency in the frame to warp or wind and a larger amount of gut can be got into
the net with fewer holes through the frame than by the ordinary practice of
bringing the gut through the frame by one hole and returning it through another.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TAPS AND COCKS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis George Fleury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1882.
FRANCIS GEORGE FLEURY of Fleet Street in the City of London "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TAPS AND COCKS"
The object of this invention is to produce an efficient waste preventing tap or
cock more especially for use in sculleries and water closets.
This improved waste preventing tap or cock consists of a cylindrical casing
externally of which and extending round the same is a passage in connection with
the supply pipe. Openings are made from this passage into the case on opposite
sides thereof, and these openings are arranged so that the water shall enter
tangentially.
In the bottom of the case is a central opening leading to the outlet and provided
with a valve seat.
The upper part of the case is closed by a screw cap which contains a shallow
box to receive a series of balls or antifriction rollers to form a ball or roller bearing
for a central valve spindle. The ball box is provided with a hollow stem into
which the valve spindle ascends. To the stem is attached a handle or wheel by
which the ball box is turned. The ball box is provided externally with a coarse
thread which screws into its counterpart in the cap piece so that by turning the
handle the ball box will be raised or lowered with rapidity.
The valve will be by preference a disc valve which is carried by a central spindle,
the lower end of which projects through the opening in the bottom of the case and
through a guide piece below. The upper end of the spindle projects through the
ball box (where it is gripped by the balls or rollers) and into the box stem.
Above the valve the spindle carries a set of flyers which are so arranged that
the water as it enters tangentially through the openings in the side of the case,
shall act on the flyers and cause them to rotate the valve spindle.
The action of the apparatus will be as follows:-When it is desired to open the
same the handle will be turned until the ball box has descended to the flyers. The
handle will then be turned in the opposite direction so as to raise the ball box, and
as the balls will grip the spindle the valve will be raised off its seat. The action
ונ5 ...rD

page_text: of the water entering the casing will rotate the spindle, the balls allowing of such
rotation, and the weight of the valve and flyers will cause the spindle to descend
slowly until it reaches its seat and the flow will be stopped.
In adapting these improvements to water closets, the ball box may be placed
underneath instead of above the valve, and the spindle may be raised by a lever or
in any other convenient manner. The action of the valve will be the same in
all cases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO PROPELLERS FOR VESSELS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Giovani Costante Parini at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1882.
GIOVANI COSTANTE PARINI of Consiglio di Rumo Lombardy in the Kingdom of
Italy.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO PROPELLERS FOR VESSELS."
This Invention has for its object a propeller which will open and push the water
backward and shut up in retreating toward the vessel while another and similar
propeller is being pushed out. These propellers resemble more than anything
else the birds with wings flapping in pretty much the same way but with this
difference that the propellers are pushed backwards with their wings at first closed
in a backward direction opening as the whole body wings and all are brought
forward until at the end of the stroke they are widespread; then as the rod retreats
it pulls the body back towards the ship first until the wings guided in slots in the
frame aro entirely closed, thus in all instances in the backward stroke catching
the water as in a concave surface and in the forward stroke presenting an edge to
the water with the two wings standing in a wedge form.
The two propellers can be one over the other or side by side, with the rudder
post between or one on each side the ship or the two propellers instead of being
parallel with each other can be at an angle pointing towards the centre line of the
vessel beyond the stern post.
The wings are hinged to the rods and both the rods and the bodies of the
propellers to which the wings are attached are guided in slots or bearings so as to
always move in a line backwards and forwards.
AN IMPROVED ARTICLE OF COMMERCE APPLICABLE FOR USE IN THE ARTS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR STARCH, OR PEARL HARDENING, OR WHERE AN IMPALPABLE MINERAL POWDER IS REQUIRED, AND [IN THE] PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1882.
ROBERT EDWARDS of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster
"AN IMPROVED
ARTICLE OF COMMERCE APPLICABLE FOR USE IN THE ARTS AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR
STARCH, OR PEARL HARDENING, OR WHERE AN IMPALPABLE MINERAL POWDER IS
REQUIRED, AND [IN THE] PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
The material now principally used in the arts and manufactures for stiffening
and finishing woven fabrics and for other purposes is a vegetable starch or product
and although mineral substances such as china clay have been used for thickening
and adding to the appearance and weight of some classes of goods, I am not aware
that any mineral product has yet been manufactured that will take the place of
vegetable starch.
The object of my invention is to produce such a mineral article of commerce that
will take the place of starch and that can be used instead of it and perform the
same functions in many of the arts and manufactures.
I find that Tarranon Shale or what is called by some Geologists Paste Rock
which lies between the upper and lower Silurian formation possesses the necessary
properties and can be manufactured into a valuable commercial product.
I take the hard rock or shale and subject it to the action of air and water in
vats or tanks which after sufficient time has elapsed is disintegrated and reduced
to the condition of a pasty mass. This mass I pass through rollers or other
suitable grinding apparatus and again add water until it is of a rather liquid
consistency. In this condition I strain it through fine sieves of a suitable material
to prevent the possibility of its containing any grit and afterwards prepare it for
market either in a liquid condition or by drying and evaporating the water out of
it in the form of a dry powder.
This article I estimate can be produced at a much less cost than starch while it
it will give a better gloss and Stiffness to the fabrics or goods upon which it is
employed and it will be much easier to manipulate as it has no tendency to adhere
to the heated irons which are used.

page_text: Although I have only mentioned Tarranon Shale I do not wish to confine myself
to that alone but would include other mineral substances of similar chemical con-
stitution which would produce the product above described Nor do I wish to
confine the purposes for which this product may be used to those alone for which
starch is used, as it may be applied for polishing plate, steel or iron goods, and
other similar purposes, as pearl hardening in the manufacture of paper and other
goods and for various purposes in the arts where a mineral paste or powder is
required having no chemical action on the fabric to which it is applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Price Rees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1882.
JOHN PRICE REES of 19 [190] Queens Road Dalston in the County of Middlesex
Looking Glass Manufacturer IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLES
I claim in my Invention an upright made of iron and steel at the pummell of the
Saddle also at the crupper with fork end each prong of the fork entering into the
saddle tree on each side of the shoulder and crupper staple of a Saddle into a socket
(with one socket only for children)-the top end of this upright has a joint or hinge
to which the half hoop is joined on hinges which can readily be moved backwards
and forwards to enable the rider when mounting or dismounting--At the end of
the above half-hoops there is a fastening which can be readily disconnected-My
Invention is to prevent a child from falling from his horse and to teach him to be
an accomplished rider by the time he is capable to take the management of a
horse also to enable Gentlemen and Ladies subject to fits or paralysis or any other
infirmity of the like nature to ride with perfect safety.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR RECORDING QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur E. Porte, James Lesware, and
John Chancellor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
5th October 1882.
ARTHUR E. PORTE of 2 Pulteney Terrace Clontarf in the County of Dublin,
Electrician, JAMES LESWARE of 4 London Bridge Road in the County of Dublin,
Mechanical Engineer and JOHN CHANCELLOR of 55 Lower Sackville Street in the
City of Dublin, Clock Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS FOR RECORDING
QUANTITY OF ELECTRICITY."
To a switch lever is attached an arm that impinges on the balance lever of a
clock movement in such a manner that when the switch lever is depressed and the
current allowed to pass through the lamp or lamps the registering wheels are
thrown into action and this continues to register so long as the current passes.
The current is caused to cease by the switch lever being raised and the move-
ment is stopped in such a way that the balance wheel is carried beyond its
dead point and so can start of its own accord when the lever is depressed and
immediately the current passes.
The switch lever itself can also be made to pass over and press upon metal studs
throwing in compensating resistances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lloyd Wise at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1882. Communicated
to him from abroad by Etienne Baudel of Paris, France.
"
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATORS (a communication to me from abroad by
Etienne Baudel of Paris, France),
In a lubricator according to this invention a feeding vessel for containing
lubricant (filtered through a metallic cloth) is arranged in communication with a
cylindrical passage below it, the point of communication being situated between
the extremities of the said cylindrical passage. One of the extremities of this
passage is normally closed by a small valve kept against its seat by a spring;
behind this valve there is connected to the lubricator body the outlet tube that
conducts the lubricant to the surfaces to be lubricated. Within the cylindrical
passage near its other end is a small piston of which the rod projects outward so
that it may be pushed by any suitable device such as a rod, an eccentric, or a cam
worked by an engine or by the machine to which the lubricator is applied in any
suitable way. An opposing spring constantly tends to resist the inward movement
of the piston and to keep it at rest. Whilst the piston is in its normal position the
orifice that establishes communication between the feeding vessel and the cylindrical
passage in which the small piston moves is between the valve and the piston and
quite open. The space comprised between the piston and the valve is thus filled
with oil or other lubricant.
When however the piston is pushed inward towards the valve it cuts off the
communication with the feeding vessel and the lubricant then enclosed in the
cylindrical passage between the valve and the piston, is by the latter forced against
the valve which is thereby opened and allows the lubricant to flow into the
outlet tube for use. When the pressure against the piston rod ceases, the piston is
returned by its spring, the valve is again closed, communication with the feeding
vessel is re-established and a fresh quantity of lubricant enters the cylindrical
passage in readiness to be forced out past the valve by the next instroke of the
piston, and so on. The extent of movement of the piston may be regulated at will.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO PRESERVING FOODS AND OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left hy Walter Henry Thow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1882. Partly his own
invention and for the other part it is a communication to him from abroad by
Peter Forbes of Buenos Ayres South America.
WALTER HENRY THEW, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO PRESERVING FOODS AND OTHER ORGANIC SUBSTANCES,"
partly my own invention and for the other part a communication to me from abroad
by Peter Forbes of Buenos Ayres South America
Foods and the like if canned in their natural state soon go bad from the develop-
ment of germs, organisms or bodies capable of producing putrefaction decomposition,
fermentation or such like action (hereafter called broadly "germs") always present
in the mass the dust and air of cities and inhabited places et cetera. Consequently
it has hitherto been the practice to cook the food by which means the germs are
killed. In order however to be sure of killing all the germs, the food has almost
of necessity to be over cooked and it is to prevent this that my invention is
designed. Now I find that sudden and extreme cold is a very deadly thing to
these, germs. Also that if these germs are enlivened or developed to some extent
previously by heat they are more susceptible to cold and more easily killed by it.
I therefore in preserving meats prefer to heat them to a point not exceeding say
200 degrees Fahrenheit and then expose them to intense cold by any of the methods
for creating intense cold such as vaporization of volatile liquids expansion of
compressed air or gases vacuum or the liquefaction of solids.
Previous to undergoing this process the food or other material is sealed up in
cans or other air-tight receptacles and in some cases I prefer to exhaust the air or
till up with carbonic acid nitrogen calcined air or other neutral gas.
To enable the heat and cold to more quickly penetrate I form the cans preferably
with flat sides near together or otherwise shape the tins or receptacles so as to
avoid & very great thickness of material for the cold or heat to penetrate. For the
same reason I prefer to make them of good heat conducting material. In some
cases too I fill up all interstices with glycerine vaseline or other stable hydro-
carbonaceous material. In some cases also excessive cold can be used without the
preliminary heating while in other cases it is well to heat and congeal several times
in succession so as to make sure that all the germs are killed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INCANDESCENT LAMPS USED FOR THE PURPOSES OF ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND TO BE KNOWN AS THE PATENT BAR AND TUBELESS INCANDESCENT LAMP
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emilius Muller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1882.
EMILIUS MULLER of N° 79 Leadenhall Street in the City of London Scientific
Glass Manufacturer AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF INCANDESCENT
LAMPS USED FOR THE PURPOSES OF ELECTRIC LIGHTING AND TO BE KNOWN AS
THE PATENT BAR AND TUBELESS INCANDESCENT LAMP
This invention claims to be an improvement on the present Incandescent Lamps
in the following particulars viz
1st The interior Glass tubes and Carbon Filaments used in the present Lamps
are dispensed with
2nd A Bar of Carbonised Wood is substituted for the filaments and this is connected
(by copper and platinum connections) with the wires conveying the Electric
Current thro' sealed orifices on each side of the bulb of the Lamp in lieu of being
connected thro' the special tube at the base of the Lamp as in existing Lamps.
3 The Carbon Bar is fixed in a simpler method viz
(a) By inserting the connecting wires in a hole bored in each end which
wires pass out at the sides of the Bulb and join the conducting wires on
each side thereof or
(b) The connecting copper wire is wound round each end of the Bar in the
shape of a Spiral Spring and also round each end of the connecting
platinum wires which then pass out each side of the Bulb as before
ADVANTAGES
1st The wires conveying the motive power are kept outside the Bulb thus
avoiding the liability to breakage and leakage and of the interior tube as at present
2nd Greater simplicity and cheapness of construction and the avoidance of the
fine and delicate work at present necessary.
3rd Greater strength and Lighting power of Carbon Bar at a less expenditure of
Electric force.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR CLASPS
Year: 1882

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Franz Leopold Rudolf Kopp
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1882.
FRANZ LEOPOLD RUDOLF KOPP of Hamburg Germany "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAIR CLASPS."
My Invention relates to improvements in clasps which are used for the decoration
of ladies head dresses or to hold together the hair plaits; and the object of my
improvements is to avoid the usual clasp so as to get out the hair conveniently.
I attain this object by the clasps illustrated in Figures 1. 1 and 2 the extremities
of which are cut out in such a manner as to form teeth a and these teeth are
pressed into the hair by the elastic shield z, figure 1 shows also a special form of
tooth a which is shaped like a lancet and thicker and larger than the two outer
teetli a.
The other clasp Figures 3 and 4 has vertical or inclined teeth b, b' of which the
first b is straight, but the second b' curved. A set of these teeth b, b', is attached
to each side of the bent shield d.
Having thus fully described my Invention I would have it understood that what
I desire to claim and secure by letters Patent is ;-
First. Elastic double bent hair clasps both extremities of which form straight
teeth a substantially as described.
Second. Elastic double bent hair clasps both extremities of which form straight
teeth a and thicker lancet shaped teeth a' substantially as set forth.
Third. Elastic double bent hair clasps provided at both extremities with straight
or curved teeth or a combination of both, which are arranged vertically or inclined
to the shield d substantially as described.
In witness whereof I the said Franz Leopold Rudolf Kopp have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Twenty seventh day of February in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
FRANZ LEOPOLD RUDO
AVIR
(OT)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES SUITABLE FOR TURNING SHAFTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Allan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd October 1882.
WILLIAM ALLAN of Sunderland Engine Works South Dock Sunderland.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES SUITABLE FOR TURNING SHAFTS
23
This Invention has for its object improvements in lathes suitable for turning
shafts.
For this purpose I mount upon the bed of a lathe two headstocks which can be
moved to and fro along the bed and locked to it in any desired positions. On
the same bed and between these headstocks I place the driving mechanism by
which the shaft to be turned is to be revolved. This mechanism consists of a
short hollow spindle or cylinder supported in bearings and having around it a
driving wheel by which it can be revolved. The hollow spindle or cylinder and its
driving wheel are both divided equally into halves-the halves are locked together
by connecting bolts. The hollow spindle or cylinder is mounted in bearings upon
a slide which can be moved to and fro along the bed to bring it into any desired
position.
When a shaft is to be mounted in the lathe the caps of the bearings of the
driving cylinder are removed the bolts which hold together the two halves of the
driving cylinder are taken out and one half of the cylinder with one half of its
driving wheel are taken away the shaft can then be readily placed in to the centres
of the two head stocks and if it is made with large end couplings these do not in
Afterwards the half
any way interfere with its being placed into the lathe.
cylinder and driving wheel are replaced and bolted up and the caps of the bearings
are also replaced. The shaft can then be driven by the usual driver from the end
flanges of the driving cylinder.
A driving shaft which is driven at one end is carried along at one side of the bed
from one end of it to the other preferably at the level of the dead centres of the
headstocks. Loose on it is a pinion to gear with the toothed wheel of the hollow
spindle or driving cylinder. The pinion can be driven at different speeds from
toothed wheels which turn with the spindle through intermediate wheels on a
short spindle carried by the same slide which carries the driving cylinder.
Two or more tool slides are mounted upon the bed so that both ends of the
shaft or the two couplings of a shaft for marine engines can be operated upon
simultaneously. The usual self acting feed arrangements of these tool slides are
taken from spindles driven from the driving shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS OR THRUST BLOCKS FOR SCREW SHAFTS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER HEAVY SHAFTS, AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rebecca at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1882.
JOHN REBECCA of Liverpool in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BEARINGS OR THRUST BLOCKS FOR SCREW SHAFTS, APPLICABLE TO OTHER HEAVY
SHAFTS, AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY."
In thrust blocks for scrow shafts and other heavy machinery as at present
constructed great friction is entailed by the bearings one against another which
besides causing heating and the consequent wear and tear increases the power
required to drive the shaft and it is principally with the object of reducing the
friction and effecting a saving in the power expended in driving the machinery
that this invention is designed.
The invention consists in placing rollers or balls in the bottom of the thrust
block against which the shaft will work and also in forming grooves in the collars
on the shaft and in the recesses into which these collars are placed. In these
grooves and between the collars on the shaft and the thrust portion of the block or
bearing I insert other balls so that in whichever direction the pressure on the
shaft may come the collars will revolve against the balls and the friction be greatly
reduced thereby.
In the other bearing for shafts I propose to place a roller or rollers on the
bottom, the length of which will run transversely with the shaft.
"
Of course I do not confine my invention to thrust blocks and screw shafts only
but it is also applicable to other heavy shafts and to shafts in other descriptions of
machinery which have to bear a heavy pressure in one or both directions of its
length.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKING ARMS AND PICKERS EMPLOYED WEAVING. IN LOOMS FOR This
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Biever Birkby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1882.
WILLIAM BIEVER BIRKBY of Liversedge in the County of York, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKING ARMS AND PICKERS EMPLOYED
WEAVING.
IN LOOMS FOR
This Invention relates, Firstly. In a new construction of picking arm which will
be more durable than the one at present in use and yet retain its elasticity. Usually
picking arms have been composed of leather and sometimes one or more lengths of
cane have been introduced between the folds of leather but picking arms
constructed in either of the above methods have soon worn out and become useless.
My Invention consists in introducing one or more lengths of spring steel under
a piece or between folds of buffalo hide or ordinary leather such spring steel
commencing near the bottom end and passing around the picking beam at the top
end of the said arm by which means it is rendered much more durable than those
at present in use.
Secondly. The invention relates to the construction of metal pickers, my
improvements therein consisting in connecting a piece of compressed buffalo hide
and fastening it against that part of the picker where it will best strike the shuttle,
by which means the working cost will be less than the construction of picker
now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR AERATED WATER AND OTHER BOTTLES CON- TAINING LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS UNDER PRESSURE AND ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MOULDED ARTICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Vollmer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1882. A communication
to him from abroad by Messrs Gompertz and Meinrath both of Hanover
in the Empire of Germany.
HENRY VOLLMER of Manchester in the County of Lancaster Merchant
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS FOR AERATED WATER AND OTHER BOTTLES CON-
TAINING LIQUIDS OR FLUIDS UNDER PRESSURE AND ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
MOULDED ARTICLES A communication to him from abroad by Mess** Gompertz
and Meinrath both of Hanover in the Empire of Germany.
11
The object of this invention is the manufacture of a stopper which shall be of
sufficient specific gravity in itself to sink in the liquid instead of swimming on the
surface as in the case of stoppers made of wood which necessitates their being
weighted and which improved stopper although only half the cost of india rubber
shall be equally applicable to the purpose having no injurious effect upon the
liquid and being impervious to the action of acids.
I take five parts Talc three parts Manganese three parts Shellac one part Asphalt
powder and one part Amber more or less and which being heated and mixed
together are then pressed and moulded to the required shape to form stoppers or
the other articles required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER BALANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hiscock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1882.
WILLIAM HISCOCK of Soho in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LETTER BALANCES "
My Invention relates to an improved balance specially designed for the require-
ments of the parcel post, and capable of indicating weights in pounds or other
unit up to say 7 pounds or other limit, and the corresponding postage for each
number of units, the weight and postage being denoted by separate index hands
moving over different scales so that the figures of each are clear and distinct and
not liable to be confused the one with the other.
The weighing platform is carried upon a vertical rod which is pin-jointed at
different points of its height to the extremities of three parallel forked arms of
equal radius fixed upon separate horizontal axes mounted in bearings the one
directly above the other, so that the rod always retains its upright position and the
weighing platform always remains horizontal in rising and falling. The uppermost
forked arm is prolonged on the other side of its axis in the form of a long lever
arm making an obtuse angle with the said forked arm and carrying a long counter-
weight which is fixed to the said lever at such an inclination thereto that when
the lever is oscillated until it reaches a horizontal position, the weight will be
directly vertical. The lever is likewise bent and fixed to the weight in such way
as to allow the latter to pass beneath the lower of the three axes when the lever is
in its pendent position without coming into contact therewith. The second or
intermediate forked arm is fast on its axis which carries a toothed segment or
wheel that gears with a pinion whose axis carries an index which travels over a
dial graduated and marked in pounds or other unit, the graduations extending
around the whole, or nearly the whole circumference of the dial. The ratio of the
wheel and pinion is about 36 to 8 and the axis of the wheel carries a second index
which travels over a quadrant scale on the same dial graduated to correspond to
the divisions of the dial and marked with the amounts of postage payable for each
weight indicated on the dial.
To render the balance sufficiently sensitive it is necessary to make the wheel and
pinion gear together very loosely and to avoid uncertainty in the indications due
to the consequent backlash the pinion is so weighted as to keep its teeth in contact

page_text: with those of the wheel. The two axes upon which the whole of the mechanism
oscillates are mounted loosely in bearings in two upright standards to one of which
the dial is fixed, the said standards rising from a suitable base. To prevent undue
wear of the centres caused by the oscillation to and fro of the counterweight and
mechanism when the load is suddenly removed from the weighing platform a spring
buffer is fixed upon the base plate in such position as to be struck by the weight
when it swings back to its normal position and check further oscillation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TAPS AND VALVES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wightman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th July 1882.
ARTHUR WIGHTMAN of Sheffield in the County of York "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TAPS AND VALVES"
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of Taps and Valves
for liquids, the object being to simplify the construction so as to render them less
liable to get out of order, to reduce the first cost, and to give increased facility for
repairs.
In carrying out my invention as applied to the manufacture of a ball tap for
example, I form in the body of the Tap a circular chamber, open at the top and
having an annular recess round the bottom for the purpose of receiving and holding
a disc of rubber or other suitable material as hereinafter described, also a circular
opening in the bottom, which forms the inlet, and is connected with the water
supply.
I prefer to make a raised seating or annular lip round the inlet so as to insure a
watertight joint.
I also make the outlet which may consist of one or more holes, through the
bottom of the chamber between the inlet and the side A disc of rubber or other
suitable material rather larger than the diameter of the circular recess is forced
into such recess through the opening in the top, and fits closely to the walls of
the recess.
The disc thus separates the inlet and outlet openings at the bottom,
from the opening at the top of the chamber, and the pressure of the water on the
underside of the disc, when the tap is open, holds the disc firmly to the top of the
recess which runs round the bottom of the circular chamber-A short piston or
plunger fits loosely in the circular opening at the top of the chamber, and is
operated and controlled by the short end of a ball lever, carried by a suitable
bracket attached to the Tap.
The bottom of the piston or plunger rests on the rubber disc, and when forced
down the rubber disc is pressed tightly against the raised seating or annular lip
and shuts off the supply. When the load on the piston or plunger is removed,
the pressure of the water raises the disc, thus allowing the water to flow through
the inlet and escape through the outlet.
My invention is also applicable to ordinary water taps, the piston. or plunger
being operated by a screw or lever; it can also be used as an escape tap or
valve, the load being applied by a weight or spring or other equivalent means.