IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FODDER FROM CERTAIN WASTE PRODUCTS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I, JASPER WETTER, Engineer, of 67, Strand, in the city of Westminster,. do
hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING FODDER FROM CERTAIN WASTE PRODUCTS, a commu-
nication to me from abroad by Heinrich Hencke and Company, of Grüneck, near
Freising, in the German Empire, to be as follows :-
This invention relates to the manufacture of solid or dry fodder from the
residual products obtained in distilling, brewing, and the manufacture of starch
and of sugar.
Its object is to render the process, described in specification of letters patent
No 3517, dated 17th July 1883, continuous.
.
For this purpose the semi-liquid distiller's wash or similar waste product (after
having been mixed with a glutinous solution such as a solution of isinglass, gelatine
or glue) is allowed to settle and separated from a portion of the water by decantation.
Subsequently the acid in the mass is neutralized and the latter raised into a heating
or evaporating tank or tanks situated at the top of a roller mill and heated by the
hot gases or vapours rising up from the apparatus. From the bottom of the said
tank or tanks the liquid mass is discharged, through a pair of pipes controlled by
valves, into a pair of horizontal distributing or overflow channels which allow the
liquid to fall upon inclined plates situated right and left of the upper pair of rollers
so as to lead the liquid down upon the latter. The rollers transport the mass
towards the centre (line of contact of the rollers) where it is subjected to their
pressure, the subsequent adhesion to the rollers beyond a certain point being
prevented by a pair of scrapers. A second and third pair of rollers may be placed
vertically under the first and provided with guide plates and scrapers adapted to
deliver the product successively to the second and third pair. The rollers of every
pair are hollow, heated from the inside and kept at the desired distance from each
other by set screws.
The evaporation of liquid and thereby the concentration of the waste product is
effected partly on the inclined guide plates exposed to the upward current of hot
gases or vapours, and partly on the hot surfaces of the hollow rollers,

page_text: If the raw material for the fodder, such as the residual products of breweries,
sugar and starch factories, is nearly solid, the preliminary heating in the upper
tank is omitted and the material supplied direct to the rollers.
From the roller mill, which is situated on the upper drying floor, the product
may be allowed to fall directly on the lower drying floor to be completely dried,
or it falls through a hopper upon one or more endless travelling aprons. The said
hopper is made of perforated sheet metal so as to allow a free access of air to
promote evaporation. After the product has been further relieved of water during
its transport on the travelling apron or the consecutive transport over several
superposed aprons it is delivered to a disintegrating or comminuting apparatus
consisting chiefly of rollers provided with hooks or pins, and from which the
product falls upon the lower drying floor.
For heating the hollow rollers of the roller mill a calorifier may be placed under
the lowest drying floor (or in the decanting chamber) adapted to produce hot air
for the rollers. The heating gases or vapours are preferably conducted first through
the upper pair of rollers and after having passed successively through the other
pairs they are conducted from the lowest pair into the chimney. The object of the
rollers is to first relieve the mass of a portion of the water by pressure and then to
evaporate the water on the heated surface of the rollers.

page_text: COBLE LEIE
DIECIFICATION,
I, JASPER WETTER, Engineer, 67 Strand, in the City of Westminster, do hereby
declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND
APPARATUS FOR MAKING FODDER FROM CERTAIN WASTE PRODUCTS," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Heinrich Hencke and Company, Grüneck, near
Freising, Germany, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to the manufacture of solid or dry fodder from the
residual products obtained in distilling and brewing, and in the manufacture of
starch and sugar.
The object is to render the process described in the specification of letters patent
No 3517 dated 17th July 1883, continuous.
For the purpose of obtaining from semi liquid distillers wash a more or less
finely grained, and highly nutritious fodder, I proceed as follows:
In order to remove, in a cheap way, a large percentage of the water contained
in the semi-liquid distillers wash, the latter is placed into vats, cement reservoirs or
other suitablo receptacles and treated with a spray of a glutinous solution obtained
by boiling from 5 to 25 gramms of isinglass, gelatine, glue or other equivalents in
1 litre of water.
The distillers wash mixed with the glutinous solution is left to settle, according
to requirements, for a period not exceeding 30 hours, in order to separate a portion
of the water.
Owing to the mixture with the glutinous solution, tho abbumenous matter is
impregnated and settles at the bottom, together with the husks and the heavy
particles of the wash, so that after a given time the water on the surface may be
let off in a comparatively clear stato by means of a let-off cock.
After a large portion of the water contained in the wash has been thus removed,
the remaining pulpy mass is approximately neutralized by thoroughly mixing it
with a suitable quantity of carbonate of lime, (usually from ¼ to ½ of a kilogram
per 1 hectoliter of wash.)
This process, as well as the subsequent complete neutralizing by means of
bicarbonate of soda (Na, CO,), may also be effected in a continuous manner by
means of an apparatus placed at the side of the elevator hereinafter described.
This arrangement is illustrated by Fig. I of the drawing, which represents a cross
section of the whole drying apparatus. The neutralizing agent in a pulverized
state is introduced into the funnel Y', from whence it is gradually and uniformly
conducted into the elevator E by means of a small rotating worm.
The evaporation and drying of the residual products obtained in distilling,
brewing and in the manufacture of sugar and starch and similar materials may be
effected by the same apparatus or series of apparatus.
The material to be dried is lifted by means of the elevator E, the speed of which
may be regulated according to the capacity of the apparatus, or-if the material is
in a liquid state,—it is lifted by means of a pump and pipe conduit, and first

page_text: passes into the worm S, from whence the material is uniformly distributed into the
reservoirs a, situated above a set of rollers, by means of a regulating slide arranged
at the first of the two outlets d'.
The set of rollers (or the evaporation apparatus proper) is represented by Fig. II
in longitudinal section, and by Fig. 1II in cross section.
'
The apparatus rests on iron supports by means of the cast iron standards A.
For uniformly distributing the material over the whole length of the uppermost
pair of rollers, Z', each reservoir a is provided at the lower part with a kind of
paddle wheel h, the rotary motion of which may be regulated so as to supply the
rollers with more or less material, according to circumstances. All the rollers,
Z¹, Z²
are hollow and adapted to be healed to at least the boiling point
of water, by means of furnace gases, hot air or steam. The rollers are turned in
opposite directions, and owing to the adhesion of the material to the same,
a certain quantity of the material is directed towards their points of contact where
- an intense evaporation takes place in a narrow space between the two hot surfaces,
while the material is at the same time squeezed through the narrow slot (the rollers
being made adjustable by the screws W arranged sideways) so that the greater part.
of the water is retained above and rapidly evaporates on the hot surfaces, while
the more solid parts chiefly pass between the rollers. The whole surface of the
rollers is constantly covered with a fine layer of liquid, owing to the rotary motion,
and acts as a heating or evaporating surface.
The scrapers f, consisting of narrow strips placed side by side and turning on
axles X, (so as to adapt themselves as accurately as possible to the cylinder
surfaces), serve to clean the rollers from the adhering solid particles, which slide
down along the scrapers and arrive on the next pair of rollers, where the same
process is repeated.
This repetition, that is to say the number of pairs of rollers, depends on the
required performance, and on the degree of dryness of the product.
From the last, and lowest, pair of rollers the product falls either on a kiln
situated under the same, where it is completely dried, or it falls through a funnel g
on endless aprons T¹ T made of textile fabric, wire or other suitable material, and
moving slowly on rollers. The aprons have for their object to complete the drying
process rapidly and thoroughly by affording a large heating surface.
The collecting funnel g is made of perforated or slotted shect-iron, in order to
hasten the evaporation of the falling material by the unhindered access of air.
The separate rollers receive the required rotary motion from a common driving
shaft by incans of spurwheels and chains. The circumferential speed of the separate
pairs of rollers depends on the contents of water in the materials, and is arranged
so, that the circumferential speed decreases from the uppermost pair of rollers to the
lowest pair in proportion to the evaporated quantity of water, so that the next
following pair of rollers is covered as completely as possible by the already more
consistent mass.
The rollers are heated in such manner, that the heating gases or furnace gases
coming from the calorifier C-which owing to its heating ribs produces at the same
time hot air, are conducted through piper into the uppermost pair of rollers, and
pass downward through each of the rollers, before they are conducted to the
chimney, in the direction of the arrow, (in Fig. II the lowest roller is represented in
longitudinal section).
The arrangement of the aprons T¹ T' … is illustrated by fig I. A smaller or larger
number of aprons of this construction may be arranged one over the other, according
to requirements. The drawing, fig I, represents three aprons. The material to be
dried is slowly moved forward by the first endless apron, and gradually falls from
one story to the other, until it is discharged in a completely dry state at the end of
the last story. Material which forms lumps is conducted from the aprons into the
disintegrating apparatus U, in which it is finely broken up by toothed rollers, which
rotate against each other, after which the material is thrown on the kiln situated
below, in order to be completely dried,

page_text: The chamber containing the drying-rollers is separated from that which contains
the aprons, by a floor, and the vapours formed in the latter chamber escape through
the conduits & into the chimney K.
The vapours generated by the rollers, which are completely enclosed on the side",
pass through the steampipes R into the steam dome H, which terminates in the
chimney K in the roof of the apparatus. Instead of one set of rollers two, three, or
more sets may be employed, in proportion to the extent of the manufacture, and
the number of endless aprons may be increased correspondingly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declaro that what
I claim is
1. In the manufacture of solid or dry-fodder from the semi-liquid residual products
of distilleries, breweries, starch-factories and similar establishments, the treatment of
the material by removing a portion of the water, neutralizing the acid, raising the
product above the top of a roller mill, and passing it downward between one or
inore pairs of heated rollers, substantially as described.
2. The treatment of the semi-liquid residual products of distillerios, etc, by
removing a portion of the water, neutralizing the product, passing it through one or
more pairs of hot rollers, then drying it by means of one or more endless travelling
aprons placed in a hot room, and finally comminuting the product, if required, by
means of crushing or disintegrating rollers, substantially as described.
3. A drying or concentrating apparatus, consisting of a roller mill having a pair
or several superposed pairs of hollow rollers provided with distributing apparatus
and scrapers, and an appliance for heating the rollers from the inside, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
4. A roller mill having one or more pairs of hollow rollers Z', Z³ scrapers f. f.
means for regulating the distance between the rollers, and a hopper or shoot g mude
of perforated sheet metal, substantially as and for the purpose described.
5. The combination of a roller mill having two or more superposed pairs of
hollow, rollers, with a calorifier or furnace, and means for conducting the hot gases
or fumes from the said furnace or calorifier through the interior of the hollow rollers
in the manner substantially as described.
Date this 23rd day of January 1885