IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND OTHER VALVES, AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING, WATERING, CONTROLLING, REGULATING, AND AI RESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF WATER, AND PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF
Year: 1876

page_text: I FREDERICK JOHN HENDERSON, of 5 Kenmure Road, Hackney, in the County
of Middlesex, Sanitary Engineer, seek leave to amend the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to Philip John Davies, bearing date the 18th day of March A.D. 1876,
No. 1179 for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND OTHER VALVES, AND APPARATUS
FOR CLEANSING, WATERING, CONTROLLING, REGULATING, AND AI RESTING THE
FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF WATER, AND PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF as shewn in
red ink in the certified printer's copy of the original Specification hereunto
annexed.
My reasons for making this amendment are as follows:-
"
First For the purpose of disclaiming certain parts and arrangements of the
apparatus described and illustrated in the Specification which may not have been
novel at the date of the said Letters Patent.
Second For the purpose of disclaiming certain parts of the apparatus described
and illustrated in the Final Specification which I am advised were not covered in
the Provisional Specification.
Third For the purpose of confining the invention described, illustrated, and
c'aimed in the Specification within narrower limits as I have reason to believe that
the Specification as filed described and claimed certain parts and arrangements of
apparatus in too broad terms.
Fourth For the purpose of correcting clerical errors and rendering the Specifi-
cation and Claims more intelligible.
The said Letters Patent were assigned to me by the Patentee by a deed of
assignment dated the 7th day of August A.D. 1876 and which was duly registered
in the Great Seal Patent Office.

page_text: In the Matter of the Application made by Frederick John Henderson for leave
to amend the Specification of Letters Patent No. 1179 of 1876:

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip John Davies, of 175, King's Cross Road, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND
OTHER VALVES, AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, WATERING, CONTROLLING,
REGULATING, AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF WATER, AND
PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF.”
"
ealed the 1st August 1876, and dated the 18th March 1876.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip John Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1876.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES of 175 King's Cross Road in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND OTHER VALVES AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING,
WATERING, CONTROLLING, REGULATING AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE
OF WATER AND PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF."
My Invention especially relates to improvements in water closet and other valves
and apparatus employed for cleansing, watering controlling regulating measuring
and arresting the flow or discharge of water to or from pipes mains reservoirs,
cisterns, water closets urinals, baths, water carts or other sources of supply or
storage and has for its objects the opening or closing of valve or valves by suction
and by the transmission of fluid or liquid pressure or otherwise and apparatus for
emptying or filling of vessels and for controlling limitting or measuring of the
supply each time the apparatus is brought into action so as to arrest regulate or
give a rapid flushing current automatically at stated intervals or otherwise generally
not to exceed a fixed maximum quantity each time in order to prevent water
waste. It consists partially in certain novel arrangements and combination of
apparatus so contrived and adapted to act as water waste preventors for fixing in
cistern under water or otherwise, whereby, simplicity, economy and freedom from
derangement are more effectually attained than heretofore this I partially effect by
employing one or more diaphragms of suitable material or materials (such as leather
or india-rubber) to act with or without a plate disc, cup or other shaped apparatus
which will form a sucker that may act either direct or indirect or with a valve
which will also at times form a sucker for the purpose of actuating a valve or
valves. The mode I claim (in this part of my Invention) of actuating valves with
this sucker will be readily understood as the principle of this sucker is the same as
that used as toys by children (known as suckers) which can be applied to the top
or other parts of a valve either fixed in a cistern or to pipes or otherwise aud
when pulled up with a screw, cam, lever wire, cord, rod, chain, or otherwise will
allow the valve to fall, or go back to its seat after a given time which may be
A 2

page_text: regulated by a small tap screw, or valve, so that it is impossible to keep the valve
open for a long time, thereby preventing waste.
My Invention also relates to a novel kind of valve seating which is also applicable
to my Hornsey and other valves instead of having the main inlet water way
through the sides or horizontal with the bottom of the cistern I form the main
inlet water way underneath simply valve seating and which greatly prevents the
valve being propped open by any small pieces of solid substance such as leaves or
sticks that may be swimming in or on the water or by persons tampering with
the valve by placing anything between the valve and seating thereby preventing
wilful waste.
A further advantage is attained by this improved valve seating that it is much
easier to mould for casting and therefore I shall now prefer to make the same of
iron, zinc, lead, glass, or earthenware so as to guard against theft I also form a
retarding and a relief valve with double ring seatings to retard the descent of the
diaphragm which will also prevent strain upon the diaphragm of my well-known
Hornsey water waste preventing valve or valves.
This Invention also relates to what is. now known as my two gallon London
closet valve waste preventing cistern working with moveable and fixed valve
seatings and syphons with service box arrangements described in the Letters
Patent bearing date 1873 No. 1579 Sheet 4, Fig. 1 which consists in forming the
division or plate between the top and bottom of the cistern much lower and
supporting the same on a ledge and by making the hollow spindle to work through
this partition the bottom box or lower division of the cistern to be supplied slowly
(when the outlet valve is closed) with water through any of my hollow spindles and
valve boxes described in my before recited Letters Patent when the inlet valve is
shut and the outlet valve opened a syphon communication is established between
the top and lower boxes which can be easily accomplished by placing a tube closed
at one end over the present air pipe but which I prefer to form in the angles of the
cistern or by forming the syphon of zinc copper lead or other materials (easily
soldered) and fixing the same over or into a socket cast to the middle partition which
will syphon or take the necessary portion of the water from the top or large division
(which must be of certain dimensions on account of room for the ball valve working)
to supply the lower but only when the outlet valve is full open and only then for
a given time by reason of a small air hole made in the syphon or top tube so that
the lower box or division need only be made proportionately large to set the
syphon or syphons in action thereby this part of my Invention enables me to make
a compartment in this small cistern instead of holding one and a half or two
gallons as heretofore less than one quarter the size which will better answer the
purpose. I intend to continue the use of the present syphon when required for
the purpose of converting this same cistern into an after flush cistern and I improve
this syphon by forming a ventilating bole which can be adjusted by a screw top or
small valve near the top of the syphon which will prevent this syphon from setting
itself in action.
And also in certain improvements in what are known as water frugals (or water
waste preventors) for which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date 3rd
day of July 1871 No. 1716 which consist of making the locomotive clack and
carrier therein described to work within the retarding valve and in some cases I
can make this valve or locomotive clack to work without the carrier,

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Philip John Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
September 1876.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES, of 175, King's Cross Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND OTHER VALVES AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING,
WATERING, CONTROLLING, REGULATING AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE
OF WATER AND PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF."
My Invention especially relates to improvements in water closet and other valves
and apparatus employed for cleansing, watering, controlling, regulating, measuring
and arresting the flow or discharge of water to or from pipes, mains, reservoirs,
cisterns, waterclosets, urinals, baths, water-carts or other sources of supply or
storage; and has for its object the opening or closing of a valve or valves by suction.
and-by-the-transmission of fluid or liquid-pressure-or otherwise.
The Invention also relates to apparatus for emptying or filling of vessels and for
controlling, limiting or measuring of the supply each time the apparatus is brought
into action so as to arrest, regulate, or give a rapid flushing current auto-
matically at stated intervals or otherwise, generally not to exceed a fixed maximum
quantity each time in order to prevent undue water waste. It consists partially in
certain novel arrangements and combinations of apparatus so contrived and adapted
to act as water-waste preventers for fixing in cisterns under water or otherwise,
whereby simplicity, economy and freedom from derangement are more effectually
attained than heretofore. This I partially effect by employing one or more
diaphragms of suitable material or materials (such as leather or india-rubber) to
act with or without a plate, disc, cup or other apparatus which will form a sucker
that may act either directly or indirectly, Oor with a walve which will also at times
form a sucker for the purpose of actuating a valve or valves. The method I employ
(in this part of my Invention) for actuating valves will be readily understood; as
the principle of the said sucker is the same as that used as toys by children (known
as "suckers"), which can be applied to the top or other parts of a valve either
fixed in a cistern or to pipes or otherwise, and when pulled up with a screw, cam,
lever, wire, cord, rod, chain or otherwise, will allow the valve to fall or go back to
its seat after a given time which may be regulated by a small tap, screw or valve,
so that it is impossible to keep the valve open beyond a certain length of time
thereby preventing waste,

page_text: Another part of my Invention consists in a novel kind of valve seating which is
also applicable to my Hornsey and other valves. Instead of having the main inlet
water way through the sides or parallel with the bottom of the cistern, I form the
main inlet water way underneath or vertically with regard to the bottom of the
cistern which simplifies the valve seatings and prevents the valve being propped
open by any small pieces of solid substance such as leaves or sticks that may be
swimming in or on the water, or by persons tampering with the valve by placing
anything between the valve and seating thereby preventing wilful waste.
A further advantage is attained by this improved valve seating that it is much
easier to mould for casting, and therefore I am enabled to make the same of cheaper
materials than heretofore, such as iron, zinc, lead, glass or earthenware, so as to
guard against theft. I also form a retarding and a relief valve with double ring
seatings to retard the descent of the diaphragm which will also prevent strain upon
the diaphragm of my well-known Hornsey and other water-waste preventing valve
or valves.
Another part of my Invention relates to what is now known as the "two gallon
London closet valve waste-preventing cistern" working with moveable and fixed
valve seatings and syphons with service box arrangements described in the Letters
Patent bearing date 1873 No. 1579 Sheet 4 Figure 1 and consists in forming the
division or plate between the top and bottom of the cistern much lower, and
supporting the same on a ledge, and by making the hollow spindle to work through
this partition, the bottom box or lower division of the cistern to be supplied slowly,
(when the outlet valve is closed) with water through any of my hollow spindles
and valve boxes described in my before-mentioned Letters Patent. When the
inlet valve is shut and the outlet valve opened a syphon communication is esta-
blished between the top and lower boxes, which can be easily accomplished by
placing a tube, closed at one end, over the present air pipe, but which I prefer to form
in the angles of the cistern or by forming the syphon of zinc, copper, lead, or other
materials (easily soldered) and fixing the same over or into a socket cast to the
middle partition which will syphon or take the necessary portion of the water
from the top or large division (which must be of certain dimensions on account of
room for the ball valve working) to supply the lower, but only when the outlet
valve is full open, and only then for a given time by reason of a small air hole
made in the syphon or top tube so that the lower box or division need only be
made proportionately large to set the syphon or syphons in action, thereby this
part of my Invention enables me to make a starting compartment in this small
cistern, which instead of being made to hold one and a half or two gallons as
heretofore, may be made less than one quarter that size which will better answer
the purpose. I intend to continue the use of the present syphon when required for
the purpose of converting this same cistern into an "after flush" cistern; and I
improve this syphon by forming a ventilating hole which can be adjusted by a
screw, tap or small valve near the top of the syphon which will prevent this from
setting itself in action.
My Invention also relates to certain improvements in what are known as water
frugals (or water waste preventers) for which Letters Patent were granted to me
bearing date the 3rd day of July 1871, No. 1716, which consists in making the
locomotive clack and carrier therein described to work within the retarding valve,
and in some cases I make this valve or locomotive clack to work without the carrier.
In Sheet 1 of the Drawings, Figure 1, shews a simple form of the waste-pro-
venting valve acting on the principle of the boys' sucker herein-before referred to.
It consists of a flat piece of leather, india-rubber or other suitable elastic or flexible
material A forming the sucker, by preference of circular form, and attached to a
spindle, wire, rod, cord, or chain B by which it may be operated C is a plate made
of any suitable material, by preference of a cup shape as shewn, with a tolerably
broad margin D for the sucker A to act upon. E is the guide spindle of the valve
and F the leather, india-rubber or other soft substance forming the valve face
which bears on the valve seat in the usual manner. It will now be understood.

page_text: that if the sucker A be lowered, especially when wet, so as to rest on the margin D
of the plate C, it will become attached thereto, and on raising the sucker A, the
sucker plate C and parts attached will also be raised by the action of the sucker A,
and will be held up thereby for a period of time dependant upon the size of the
orifice G (which may if desired be regulated at pleasure by means of the screw
plug H or by a cock or valve) through which liquid or air will gradually percolate
so as to destroy the sucker action; the sucker plate C with the valve face F will
then detach itself from the sucker A and drop suddenly therefrom, closing any
valve seating or other aperture it may fall upon. In some cases I find it un-
necessary to face the surface D, leaving it rough, and in that case the orifice G may
be dispensed with. When employing an orifice opening into the hollow of the
sucker plate C it may be arranged to pass through the spindle B as shewn in
Figure 2; the size of the orifice in this case may be regulated by a small nut J as
shewn, or by other suitable means, and when so arranged is more easily got at for
adjustinent than when placed as in Figure 1. When this sucker arrangement is
used under water it is sometimes necessary to employ a weight K, as shewn in
Figure 5, Sheet 2, in order to facilitate its attachment to the surface D.
Figure 3, Sheet 1, shews the application of a simple form of sucker to a common
spindle valve. A is the sucker of india-rubber, leather, etcetera, as before; Ba
cord attached thereto, C¹ the spindle valve, C its seating, N the weight. The
action is similar to that described in reference to Figure 1. It is obvious that other
forms of valves may be actuated by other-suitable forms of the suckers above
described.
Figure 4, Sheet 1, shews how the sucker may be applied to existing ordinary
valves so as to convert them readily into waste-preventing valves, C is a dished
plate, screwed, soldered or otherwise attached to the valve. C₁ C, C³ are lugs
formed on the said dished plate C serving as guides to keep the sucker A (Figure 1)
central.
Figure 5, Sheet 2, shews the arrangement described in reference to Figure 1, as
adapted to the outlet pipe of a cistern; I being the valve seat, and J a casing
surrounding the valve to protect it and prevent the entrance into it of any sub-
stance that might be floating on the surface of the water.
This casing may be made of any convenient size or even dispensed with altogether
if preferred as it has nothing whatever to do with the action of the valve, and is
only intended for the above-named purpose.
In Figure 7, Sheet 1, the said casing J is dispensed with, and a guide plate for
the spindle, and distance pillars are substituted therefor, or a single guide pillar
may be employed. Fig. 7a is a plan of the same. K in Figure 5, Sheet 2, is a
ring weight with a bridge guide L intended to prevent the outside edges of the
sucker A from floating when immersed in water especially when leather or very
pure india-rubber is employed. Figure 6, Sheet 2, is a plan of the ring weight K
with its bridge guide L. The spindle B (Figure 5) may be extended downwards
as shewn, below the sucker, so as to bear upon the sucker plate C and thus prevent
undue buckling or bending down of the said sucker in the middle.
Figure 8, Sheet 1, shews a waste-preventer arranged with a single flexible diaphragm
A attached to the body of the sucker plate C by means of a ring M and screws M
rendering the sucker plate a fixture to the diaphragm; but in this case it is
necessary to have a weight N acting on the diaphragm to press the water out from
the space between the said diaphragm A and sucker plate Ċ through a small orifice,
such us that shewn at G, or a relief valve specially adapted for that purpose, before
the valve is raised. The action is as follows:-(Assuming the parts to be as in
the Figure) by raising the spindle B to a limited distance the diaphragm A and
sucker plate Care raised also, but as the diaphragm is flexible, and the weight of
the valve hanging from it, the water will percolate through the small hole at G¹ so
as to refill the space between the diaphragm and the sucker plate C, and the latter
is thus allowed to descend, and close the valve seating L. Figures 9 and 10 are
respectively an elevation and plan of the same. In order to keep the weight N

page_text: and diaphragm level and steady the spindle B is made hollow and the spindle E of
the valve is continued up in it.
Figure 11, Sheet I, shews a similar arrangement but with the diaphragm and
valve placed in a case or box J to prevent the entrance of foreign substances and
also to prevent tampering with the valve; the top of the case also acts as a guide
and stop to prevent the diaphragm from being raised beyond the height from
which its flexibility will allow the valve to close. The percolating aperture G is
shewn, both in this Figure and in Figure S, above the valve face F, whereby
the latter forms a relief valve which allows the water to rush out of the space
between the diaphragm and the sucker plate when the weight N is dropped.
This prevents the bursting of the diaphragm when it is fixed to the sucker plate;
Figures 12 and 13, Sheet 1, are respectively an elevation and a plan of the same.
Figure 14, Sheet 1, shews in section my improved valve seating and rings and
the way I prefer to make and fix the case or box to the same for the purpose of
protecting the sucker and the valve and to prevent the entrance of floating bodies,
also to prevent tampering with the valve by propping it open through the side
apertures heretofore employed for the admission of water through the sides of the
casing. It will be seen that the valve seat I has screwed on to it a ring P having
apertures Q, Q, cast therein through which the water passes upwards to the valve;
these apertures and the lower edge of the casing or box J attached to the ring
stand below the level of the top of the valve seating, and as the level of the water
in the cistern can never fall below that of the valve seating floating bodies will
therefore be prevented from entering the apertures; and as the latter are underneath
and very near the bottom of the cistern it will be much more difficult to tamper
with the valve than heretofore. The improved valve seating and rings are also
seen in Figures 5, 19, 20, and 22, Sheet 2, and Figures 30, 31, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29,
Sheet 3.
Figures 15 and 16, Sheet 1, are respectively an elevation and a plan of the casing
or box with the valve seating attached, and Figure 17, Sheet 2, is a plan of the
ring P shewing the inlet apertures Q, and Figure 18, Sheet 2, a plan of the valve
seating I.
Figure 19, Sheet 2, shews a modification in which the sucker A is made to serve
both as a sucker and as a valve, the sucker plate C being inverted and acted upon
by the stem, wire, cord or chain B, and the sucker A attached to the valve spindle E
and weighted as shewn at R.
Figure-20-Sheet-2y-shews another-modification-in-which-instend-of-an-elastie-op
flexible-sueker I-employ-a-rigid-dise-or-plate-A-by preference of metal the margin
of which is adapted to fit with tolerable-neeurney-against the margin-D-of-the
sucker-plate-C. The spindle B-passes through-the-said-dise-or-plate-A-and-through
a-tube-of-india-rubber-or-other-suitable-elastie-material-S-and-terminates-in-a-bead
as-shewn. The action is as follows:-On-drawing-up-the-spindle-B, the elastie
tube S is slightly compressed and the partial vacuum-eaused by-the-partial-with-
drawal of the spindle B-causes-the-dise-or plate-A-to-adhere-to-the-sucker--plate-G
further-upward movement of the spindle B-will-then-raise both the-dise-or-plate-A
and-the-sucker-plate-C-to-the-required extent-and-it-may-be-held-up-until-sufficient
water percolates through the aperture C-to-equalize-the-pressure-inside-and-outside
the space between the dise or plate-A-and-the-sucker plate C-when-the-latter-will
disengage-itself-from-the-former-and-will-fall-on-its seat. In this arrangement I
prefer that the action-shall-be-indireet-that-is-to-say-that-the-surfaces-of--the-plates
A-and-C-are-kept-apart-by-the-weight-Z-or otherwise-until-required to be brought
into action, when the weight 7 must be lifted and the plate A lowered. But in
some-eases-the-nction may-be-direct that is to say that the surfaces of the plates
A-and-Care-kept-in contact-until-required-to-be brought-into-use. I prefer the
above-described-indirect-action-in-this-ense for the reason that when the plates-t
and Care- metallie--the--surfaces when-in-contact-or--nearly in contact rapidly !
corrode and become inoperative.—This indirect-action is specially applicable to
Upeat-action-"-closets,

page_text: Figure 21, Sheet 2, shews another modification in which the sucker A. is arranged
as a diaphragm; and is attached to the sucker plate C; and a plate T connected to
the spindle, rod, or chain B presses by its lip U upon the sucker A. When raised
the said plate T draws up the sucker and its connected sucker plate C until the
pressure inside and outside of the space between the sucker plate Ċ and the plate T
is equalized by the percolation of water through the aperture G as before. This
arrangement may be worked in the position shewn or inverted. Similar-letters
refer-to-like parts-in-all-the-parts-so-far-referred-to.
Figure 22, Sheet 2, shews an arrangement in which two or more diaphragms
or suckers are or may be employed so as to increase the certainty of separation of
the valve from the sucker. The parts are arranged as in the Figures herein-before
described, and the letters of reference, so far as they are similar to those in former
Figures, represent similar parts. A¹ is a second diaphragm or sucker forming, as in
the figure, the valve resting on the seating; but if preferred it may be attached to
a separate valve. U is a ring interposed between the diaphragmns or suckers A
and A¹ but not fixed to either. The action of this arrangement is similar to that
of those above described, but inasmuch as there are two pairs of surfaces in
contact instead of one pair as in the former cases, the chances that separation will
take place are increased.
Figure 23, Sheet 1, shews the application of the sucker to a stand post. V is
the body of the stand post, W the inlet from the main or other source of supply,
X the outlet, Y valve seating, C the sucker plate loaded with lead or otherwiso
weighted to resist the upward pressure of water from the main or other source
of supply, F is the valve face, of any suitable material, attached to sucker plate C;
the latter is provided with feathers or guides C* and surfaces D as in former
figures. A is the sucker, B the rod (terminating in a handle B¹) by which the
sucker and valve are operated in a manner similar to that before described. It
will be understood that if preferred the inlet may be at X and the outlet at W,
the action being the same in either case, but in the latter case the sucker plate C
will not require to be weighted, and the rod B must be made to work water-tight
through the cover.
Figure 24, Sheet 3, shews another arrangement whereby what is known as the
"-after-flush"-required for pan or valve-closets is obtained. - This is effected by
the-use-of with a relief and retarding valve. A is the diaphragm forming a sucker
fixed at its outer edges between an upper and lower casing; B the spindle and N
the weight thereon; C the sucker plate with the valve face F us before. G² is the
relief and retarding valve closing over a double ring seating or over the openings G³
in the upper casing as shewn. The action is as follows:-On raising the spindle B
the diaphragm or sucker A raises the sucker plate C and valve face F from its
seat, the water above the said diaphragm or sucker A is forced out through the
openings G³ of the relief and retarding valve, whereby the diaphragm or sucker
is relieved from undue strain, and the sudden descent of the said diaphragm or
sucker A with the sucker plate C, when the spindle B is prematurely released,
is prevented, until water has percolated through the a hole opening into the
space between the upper casing and the diaphragm or sucker in sufficient quantity
to allow the said diaphragm or sucker to close the valve F, which it will then do
gradually.
Figure 25 is a plan of the above.
Figure 6, Sheet-3,-shews the application of the aforesaid relief and retarding
valve G2-to-my-well-known." Hornsey waste-preventing valve."
Figures 26, 27, 28 and 289, Sheet 3, are-plans and Figure 29-a section-of shew
my improved valve seating as applied to my afore said "Hornsey waste-preventing
valve" the outer rim of the seating ring P being raised to suit the diaphragms.
Figure 30, Sheet 3, is a section, Figure 31 an elevation, and Figure 32 a plan
of an arrangement whereby foul water from the cistern is partially prevented from
entering the casing wherein the diaphragm or sucker is placed the same actuating
liquid being used continuously therein. The diaphragm. or sucker, its spindle and

page_text: weight, and the sucker plate are arranged in a manner similar to that shewn in
Figure 24, Sheet 3, but instead of the valve face F being attached directly to the
sucker plate Cit is connected thereto by a spindle passing through a partition in
the casing as shewn, the said partition dividing the casing into two parts, the
upper part containing the diaphragm or sucker, the sucker plate and the actuating
liquid. The upper part of the casing is formed with passages G, G³, arranged to
effect the "after flush." The action is as follows: On raising the spindle B, the
diaphragm or sucker A expels the water above it through the valve G³ and
passage to the under side of the diaphragm or sucker. Should now the
spindle B be liberated suddenly before the valve disengages itself from the sucker,
the diaphragm or sucker and valve will be prevented from falling suddenly, but
will fall gradually in proportion as the liquid percolates back from the under to
the upper side of the said diaphragm through the passage G³ and hole G which
latter may be regulated by a small "grub" screw as shewn. By employing in
this arrangement a loose sucker instead of a fixed diaphragm or sucker and
dispensing with the passages G and G³, it becomes applicable as a "single flush
valve." In order to prevent the diaphragm or sucker from becoming dry when
the water in the cistern falls below it the outer casing or belt J is fixed air and
water-tight to the spindle B, and is provided with a valve J2 opening outwards
which when the cistern is full allows the air to escape from the said casing or
bell J* and water to enter below to take its place; the said casing or bell Ja thus
acts the part of a syphon when the level of the water in the cistern falls below
that of the diaphragm or sucker, thus utilizing all the available water the cistern
contains.
Figure 33, Sheet 4, is a section, Figure 34 an elevation, and Figure 35 a plan
of another method of applying my said sucker arrangement so as to obtain the
"after flush" distinct from the "first flush" so that when the handle of the closet
is released a second valve is opened through which the "after flush" is delivered
so as to supply the necessary quantity of water into the basin. A is the sucker
for operating the main sucker plate C, and valve face F, A¹ is the sucker for
operating the after flush sucker plate C¹ and valve face F¹. The sucker A is
suspended by the stem B to one end of a lever M, and the sucker A' by the stem B¹
to the opposite end of the said lever M. I, I, and 11, 41, represent the seatings
for the said valve faces F and F1 cast together and with lugs or arms L, L, for
supporting the casings J and J. The water enters from below as in the seating
shewn in Figure 14, Sheet 1, by openings Q between the lugs or arms L L into
the upper part of the cases. It will now be understood that on raising the stem B
and sucker A, the sucker plate C, and valve face F will be drawn up, allowing the
main or first flush to take place through the seating I as shown by the arrows.
The sucker A', being lowered on to the upper surface of the sucker plate C¹, on
releasing the stem B the sucker A, which is weighted by a weight K so as to
counterbalance the sucker A¹ and sucker plate C, falls and the sucker A¹ and
sucker plate Care raised so as to allow of the "after flush" taking place
through the seating 1, +1, as shewn by the arrows, until the sucker plate C
detaches itself from the sucker A¹ and falls to its seat. It will bo seen that the
main flush valve is operated by direct action and the after flush by indirect action.
Figure 36, Sheet 5, shews the method of fixing the apparatus last above described
in a cistern in connexion with my improved closet to which it is specially but
not exclusively adapted. The arrangement in the cistern and the actuating
mechanism will be readily understood from the Drawing, and it is essential that
an air or ventilating pipe, such as that marked P, be applied to the down pipe.
Figure 37 shews the method of fixing any of the before-mentioned single flush
waste-preventing valves in a cistern by means of a fly nut and long screw, and
also shews the method of applying a combined overflow and ventilating pipe to
such valve, the overflow pipe having a ball valve over its mouth to prevent the
escape of foul gases into the cistern, such ball valve being opened by the rising of
the water above the mouth of the said waste pipe. The ventilating pipe branches

page_text: from the said waste pipe and is carried above the top of the cistern. The-eistern
may- be filled by means of my hydrostatio supply valve as shewn-at-Figure 38
which-nets without the aid of a ball float in the following manner. Suppose the
eistern-to-be-empty-the-water-from-the source of supply-enters-under-pressure-by
the-inlet A-raising the valve B from its seat and passes up-the outlet-pipe C
into-the-eistern-as-the-water-gradually-rises in-the-eistern pressure is brought on
the-upper-side of the diaphragm-D (to which the valve-B-is-conneeted)-through
the-small-hole-E-in-the-ensing--the--pressure-increasing--as-the water level rises
tending to equalize the pressure-of-the columns-of-water-above and below the
diaphragm which-equality will take place when the level of the water reaches-the
mouth-of-the short end C₁ of the outlet-pipe-C as soon as this-is-accomplished,
the excess of pressure transmitted from the water in the inlet-through-the-small
hole-F-to-the-upper side of the piston-G-(which is of larger diameter than the
valve seating-H) causes the valve-B-to-close-and-the-same-pressure-will-keep it
elosed-until the pressure of the column above-the diaphragm is again-reduced
sufficiently-to-enable-the-column-of water-in-the-pipe-C-to-open-the-valve-B-by-its
pressure-on-the-under-side-of-the-diaphragm-D.
Figure 39, Sheet 6, shews a method by which my single flush waste-preventing
valve may be applied to a cistern in combination with an ordinary service box
so as to produce a cheap and effective "after flush" arrangement especially suited
for pan closets. A is the waste-preventing valve in its casing soldered to the
service box B. The valve A is made of such a size as to deliver water to the
service box B quicker than the down pipe will carry it away. On raising the
valve the service box rapidly fills and remains full until the valve is lowered or
drops on its seat, after which the charge of water in the service box flows into
the down pipe and produces the "after flush."
Figure 40, Sheet 6, shews a similar arrangement for the same purpose adapted
so as to drain all or nearly all the water out of the cistern. A is the valve as
before, B the service box to which is fitted the overflow pipe C with a weeping
hole D arranged in a manner similar to that described and shewn in the Speci-
fication of a Patent granted to William Parsons and James Attree on the third
day of December 1857 No. 3004 and also in the Specification of a Patent granted
to James Chandler on the ninth day of October 1869 No. 2933.
Figure 41, Sheet 6, shews an arrangement of a my self-closing waste-preventing
valve working in conjunction with a syphon and service box for use in cases
where it is desired to obtain a proper flush of water when the valve is held up
for a sufficient length of time only to start the syphon in action, the said syphon
being connected to a passage W under the valve seating leading to the down pipe.
The action is as follows:-On raising the valve from its seating wator Hows down
the down pipe, and if the valve is then lowered to its seating, the weight of the
column of water in the down pipe acts to set the syphon in action so as to discharge
not less than the contents of the small box into the down pipe. When the small
box is emptied the syphon action is broken and the small box refills through the a
small aperture ready for another supply.
Figure 41, Sheet 6, is a plan of the seating with passage W attached. This
arrangement is specially applicable to common hopper closets. I wish it to be
understood that I do not claim the use of the syphon for producing the "after
flush" except in combination with a my self-closing waste-preventing valve, as the
syphon arrangement for that purpose is well known and is described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to one Hague, and also in the Specification of a
Patent granted to J. G. Jennings.
Figure 41°, Sheet-6,-shews un-equilibrium ball valve-for-supplying-eisterns of
the--eluss--known-as & Underhay's," the cup-leather- of which I protect-by-the
employment of a thimble A in which it works instead of-in-the-end-of-the-body-B
and I substitute for the flange joint-a-serewed-joint-as-chewn at C.
Figure 42, Sheet 7, shews a section of an arrangement wherein my waste-
preventing valve is so combined with a measuring box that the apparatus operates

page_text: as an inferential and capacity meter, and so as to secure greater certainty that
the sucker shall liberate the valve at the instant when the proper quantity of
water has been discharged. M. is a measuring box for fixing in a cistern in con-
nexion with the down pipe therefrom. N is the air pipe. Pa regulating hole
through which the box is filled, or if preferred the box may be filled through the
hole in which the spindle B works, or the said spindle B may be slotted or cut
away where it passes through the top of the box, the sucker and valve are being
similar to those before described. The sides are by preference carried down below
the bottom of the box M in order to prevent the latter from tilting; holes R, R,
being provided forming a strainer to prevent the entrance of any foreign substance
into the box. The action is as follows:-The box M being full of water, on raising
the sucker A and sucker plate C, the contents of the box flow down the down pipe
until the water flows below the sucker, when air which has entered the box M
through the air pipe N passes between the sucker and the sucker plate, and the latter
falls instantly with the valve face F to its seat (the more easily on account of air
entering between the surfaces more readily than water) thus allowing only the
quantity of water contained in the box above the sucker to pass to the closet,
When the valve is closed the box M refills from below through the regulating
hole P which must be smaller than the outlet to the down pipe.
Figure 43, Sheet 7, shews a section and plan of a similar arrangement, but
adapted with a retarding piston S and retarding valve G³ similar to that described
in reference to Figures 24 and 26 Sheet 3.
Figure 44, Sheet 8, shews the application of my single flush waste preventing
valve to a small cistern suitable for the constant supply system, the valve is
shewn with air pipe and fly nut and union and the cistern fitted with ball valve
for regulation of inlet.
Figure 45 is a plan of the same.
"
Figures 46 and 47, Sheet 9, are respectively a section and plan of an arrange-
ment of my said waste-preventing valve adapted with a syphon to obtain an
"after flush" action, and also a method of connecting the said valve to the ball
valve so that in the event of the sucker and valve not separating at the proper
time when the handle is held up the inlet to the cistern shall be kept closed in
order to prevent the entrance of water thereto until the waste-preventing valve
is closed. The syphon S acts to produce the "after flush in the same manner as
that hereafter described in connexion with Figures 48 and 49, Sheet 10. On
raising the stem B of the sucker by pulling up the lever T by the wire U, the
ball V with its rod W is raised, its hinder cranked end leaving the short arm of
the lever X free so that the weight Y thereon presses by its means against the
inlet valve Z so as to maintain it closed and thus prevent entrance of water so
long as the spindle B of the waste-preventing valve is held up. I may here
mention that the ball valve shewn in this Figure is merely illustrative as any
suitable kind of ball valve may be employed in connexion with any of my cisterns.
Also that the arrangement of a waste-preventing valve in connection with a ball
valve as above described is also applicable to a single flush cistern such as that
shown at Figure 44, Sheet 8.
Figures 48 and 49, Sheet 10, are respectively a section and plan of an arrange-
ment of my waste-preventing valve fixed in a cistern and adapted so as to produce
when required the "after flush" and secure the delivery of the proper quantity of
flushing water whether the handle of the closet is held up or not. and-also-with-u
supplementary-valve neting in concert with it for the purpose-of preventing the
How to the closet of more than the prescribed quantity of water in-the-event-of
the-waste-preventing valve-not-acting.
4
One method of effecting the "after flush" is by means of a syphon, similar to
those described in the Specifications of Patents granted to J. G. Jennings, A.D.
1854, No. 1017, and to one Hague, one branch S of which is connected by a 5
passage S below the valve seating with the down pipe, the other branch S
opening into the cistern near the bottom. The connexion of the branch S with

page_text: the valve seating is seen more clearly at Figures 52 and 53, Sbect 2. After the
waste-preventing valve has been operated and closed, the rush of water down
the down pipe being cut off by the said valve, the syphon is brought into action
by the weight of the column of water in the down pipe and any water left in the
cistern after the valve is closed is thereby syphoned off to the down pipe, securing
a proper flush.
Another method of effecting the after-Aush-"-in-the-event-of-the-handle-of the
eloset--not-being-held-up-long-enough is by means of the apparatus-shewn-in
dotted lines, the cylinder-H-of which-has-a-piston-I-moving-therein-and-is-con-
neeted by the rod J to the lever K. The piston I has an opening L through it
covered by a-relief-valve-M and the cylinder is provided-with-a-small-aperture N
near the bottom. The action-is-as-follows:-On-depressing-the-lever K-so-as to
elevate-the-sucker-and-waste preventing valve-F-the-piston I is depressed in the
eylinder H, the water below-the-piston escaping through-the-relief valve-M and
aperture-N-Should-now-the-lever-K-be-suddenly-released-before-the-valve-F-bas
dropped-from-the-sucker the said valve-and-sucker are caused-to-fall-gradually
instead--of--suddenly-by-the-piston 1 being allowed to rise only in proportion as
water-flows-through-the-aperture-N-into-the-space-in-the-cylinder below the said
piston-I-In-order-to-prevent-the-flow-of-more-than the prescribed quantity of
water-the-supply-from-the-main-to-the-eistern Y-is-regulated by the supplementary
valve P-placed--in--the-supplementary eistern ✗-containing the ball valve, the
valve Pis connected by the rod Q with the lever K passing through a hole
therein-and-having-an-adjustable--nut-on--its- upper-end. The spindle B-of-the
sueker-of-the-waste-preventing valve-also-passes through-a-hole in the end of
the-opposite-arm of the lever K-and has also-an-adjustable-nut-at-the-top-thereof.
The-action-is-as-follows: In the Figure 48 the lever K-is-shewn partially drawn
down-by-the-wire-R-so-as-to-allow-the-valve-P-to-rest-on-its-sent the opposite end
of-the-lever K-bearing against the nut-on-the-spindle-B-in-readiness to raise the
lutter, on--continuing--to-depress--the--wire--end of the lever K the sucker--and
valve are--raised-as-usual the valve P remaining on its seat-and the eistern or
division is emptied through the down pipe-and-no-more-water-ean-flow-until
the wire end of the lever I is-released when the-counterbalance-weight T fulls
rising-the-wire-end-of lever-K-and with it the valve-P-and-lowering the valve-F
on to its-seating if it has not already-dropped thereto. The water in the supple
mentary-cistern-X-now-flows-through-valve Pinto-eistern-or-division-Y. As the
level-of-the-water-in cistern-X falls the ball valve-opens-and-admits-water-until
the level thereof rises high enough in both cisterns-to-close-the-ball-valve-again
when-the-apparatus-is-ready-for-another-action.
Figures 50 and 51, Sheet 11, are respectively a section and plan of an arrangement
of cistern to work without a ball valve and having my waste-preventing valve fitted
therein. The cistern is air-tight, having an air valve K opening inwards at or near
the top, the said valve being made of light material so as to float. L is the inlet
pipe from the main or other source of supply. The action is as follows:-Supposing
the cistern to be full, on pulling the cranked arm M the spindle N turns in the
stuffing box, and by means of a second crank arm 0, the sucker A, sucker plate C,
and valve face F are raised and the required quantity of water flows to the down
pipe, air entering through the air valve K. It will be understood that the water
flows to the down pipe quicker than it enters at L, and when the valve F is closed
the cistern will refill, the water driving the air out at the valve K until the level of
the water rises high enough to cause the air valve K to float and so close the
opening, when the apparatus is ready for another operation.
Figures 54 and 55, Sheet 12, are respectively a section and plan of an arrange-
ment by which a rapid flushing current is obtained automatically at stated intervals
or otherwise so as not to exceed a fixed maximum quantity each time, in order to
prevent undue waste. The apparatus is shewn in a cistern which may be of any
suitable material. The supply of water to the said cistern is regulated by means of
an adjustable tap A so that the cistern may be filled in any stated period of time

page_text: as may be desired. C is a one of my sucker waste-preventing valves covering the
down pipe.
It may be any kind of valve that may be found suitable but I prefer
one-of-my-sucker-waste-preventing after Aush valves as shewn, B is the spindle
by which the valve is operated, D a slotted link jointed to the said spindle and
guided by the cotter pins E E in the cranked lover F, G is a float lever centred
at H to the carriage I; it has projecting pieces or arms J and K. The cranked
lever F is also centered at L to the carriage I and carries a weight M on its upright
arm. The action is as follows:-Assuming the cistern to be full so that the float
lever G is raised by the float G2 a little above the position shewn by full lines, the
projection J will have raised the lever arm F sufficiently to bring the weight M
over the centre, from which it will fall into the position shewn in dotted lines. In
taking this position the lever arm F will have raised the valve C by the link D and
the water will flow down the down pipe; the ball rod G will then fall into the
position shewn in dotted lines and the projection K on it will have brought the
crank lever F into the position shewn in full lines ready for another operation as
soon as the cistern shall be again filled in the prescribed time through the valve A.
In order to complete the action and empty the cistern I employ, by preference,
a syphon arrangement S, similar to that before described in relation to Figures 52
and 53, Sheet 2.
Figures 56 and 57, Sheet 13, represent respectively a section and plan of an
arrangement of apparatus for the same purposes as that last described. A is the
inlet from the main or other source of supply, which may be adjusted by means of
a tap as in the case last described. D is the slotted link as before, guided by the
cotter pins E E on the float lever G which is centred at H to the carriage I. The
arm F is connected to the lever G and has a float M at its lower end. The valve C
and syphon S are arranged as before described in reference to Figures 54 and 55,
Sheet 12. The action is as follows:-When the water in the cistern rises to a
height sufficient to raise the float G³ and lever G, so as to bring the arm F just
beyond the vertical line of the centre H, the buoyancy of the float M causes the
float lever G and arm F to suddenly assume the position shewn in dotted lines,
thus raising the link D and spindle B, opening the valve C quickly. As the water
flows out at the down pipe the float lever M resumes the position shewn in full
lines, lowering the link D and spindle B, and remains locked in that position until
water again raises the float G' and lever G as before.
Figure 58, Sheet 14, shews one of my waste-preventing valves fixed in a cistern
and adapted to supply water to the rose R of a shower bath the pipe S of which
may be of any required length.
Figures 59 and 60, Sheet 14, show a waste-preventing valve combined with a
syphon applied to the outlet of a bath to prevent waste. C is the waste-preventing
valve fixed in the bottom of a well D connected by a passage E with the bath F.
S is a syphon connected to the under side of the valve seating, as described in
reference to Figures 52 and 53, Sheet 2. B is the handle for raising the valve.
The action is as follows:-Supposing it to be desired to empty the bath the waste-
preventing valve is raised by the handle B, and on the valve returning to its seat
before the bath is emptied the syphon S is brought into action and completes the
emptying. If it be desired to lower the water in the bath without emptying the
latter a plug may be dropped into the passage E to stop the flow, or a small air
cock may be placed in the syphon S to break the syphon action.
Figuro 61, Sheet 15, shews how my sucker arrangement may be applied to the
well known screw-down cocks described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
Edward Chries, A.D. 1845 No. 10837. A is the sucker, B the spindle, C the
valve, D the iulet, E the outlet. On raising the spindle by any means the sucker
draws up the valve C and holds it up any pre-arranged time as before explained.
In this example the valve closes with the stream.
Figure 62, Sheet 15, shews my sucker arrangement applied to a valve closing by
the aid of a diaphragm F against the stream, in order to prevent the pressure from
acting upon the stuffing box, being adapted to suit low pressures, the diaphragan F

page_text: being intended to partially or wholly equilibriate the pressure of the water on the
face of the valve Č.
Figure 63, Sheet 15, shews a similar arrangement adapted for high pressure, a cop
leather F being substituted for the diaphragm.
Figure 64, Sheet 15, slrews a sucker arrangement working in conjunction with a
diaphragın F which keeps the valve closed and retards its closing when opened,
such retardation being regulated by means of a small hole G formed through the
valve spindle K. The valve is closed gradually when liberated from the sucker by
the pressure of water percolating through a hole G in the spindle K to the upper
side of the valve and diaphragm.
Figure 65, Sheet 15, shews a screw-down cock adapted to work with a diaphragın F
for the purpose of dispensing with a stuffing box as described in the Specification of
a Patent granted to Thomas Lambert and Charles William Rowley Rickard
A.D. 1846 No. 11189, with my sucker A adapted thereto, the said sucker and
diaphragm being by preference formed in one piece of india-rubber.
Figure 66, Sheet 15, shews how my sucker arrangement may be applied in a
moveable casing to operate an ordinary existing valve so as to convert it into a
waste preventer without any alteration to such valve. A is the sucker connected to
the spindle B as before and contained in a box C connected directly by a rod or
otherwise to the valve to be moved or to one end of the lever D operating it. The
bottom of the box C forms the sucker plate on which the sucker acts as before
described, and it will be understood that the box C may contain a liquid, or air
only, the sucker acting equally well with either.
Figure 67 Sheet 15-chews a-waste-preventing valve-worked by--the-trans-
mission of liquid-or-fluid pressure to a close-fitting piston-or-plug having a valve
attached thereto;-which-closes-slowly or by the movement of a part-not-connected
to-the-valve-in-a-manner-similar to that described-in-the-Specification-of-a-Patent
granted to W.-R.--and W.-Morris, R.-Chrimes and G. Eckholme A.D.-1855
No. 1519-and-illustrated-in-Figure-9-of-the-Drawing-attached thereto-the-arrange-
ment-being-actuated by my waste preventing sucker applied in a moveable-casing C
us in Figure 66-so as to obtain more certainty of action. The action of the apparatus
is as follows; On-the-sucker A Figure-60 being raised the moveable box C which
also-serves the purpose-of-a-weight-is-likewise-raised-and-with-it-the-lever-Dy the
other end of which presses-the-eap-E-downwards compressing the elastie-ball-
and foreing the fluid or liquid contained therein more-or-less therefrom-through
the passage and holes III in the partition (which-are-covered by the relief
valve-I)-to-the-space-above-the-piston J-working-in-the-eylinder K-foreing-the-snid
piston-downwards and opening thereby the valve L-econnected to the piston-J-by
the stem-M. Water then-flows through the valve-L-until the sucker A-liberates
the-moveable--box or weight C the falling of which-with-its-lever D-raises-the
eap and allows the elastic-ball F-to-expand-and-thus-to-draw-up the piston J.
Instead of the clastic ball-a-second-piston may be used in an-extension-of--the
eylinder-K-and-the-inlet-and-outlet-may-be-reversed.
Figure 68, Sheet 16, shews the body of what is known as "Underhay's cottage
closet valve," the valve being operated by my sucker and combined with the waste-
preventing bellows described in the Specification of Morris, Morris, Chrimes and
Eskholme above referred to and shewn at Figures 5 and 6 of the Drawing attached
to the said Specification, the object of the combination being to obtain double security
against waste and the slow closing of the valve. The action is as follows:-On
raising the rod or handle R, the bellows E are collapsed and the regulator bellows F
expanded by the air passing from the bellows E through a valvo in the partition
between the two bellows; the expansion of the bellows F raises the lever D, whereby
the stem Band sucker A. with its sucker plate and valve face are also raised,
and the flow of water through the valve takes place. From the moment of lifting
the rod or handle R, the bellows F begin to collapse and the lever D falls gradually
and slowly closing the valve C provided the latter has not previously become de-
tached from the sucker A. But if the bellows F should fail to collapse, the valve €

page_text: will in due time fall from the sucker and close the inlet. Instead of the bellows
arrangement, what is known as Underhay's Patent or other suitable regulator may
be combined with my sucker arrangement to effect the slow closing of the valve.
Figure 69, Sheet 16, shews a single bellows and my sucker waste-preventing
valve combined; the arrangement may be used in the position shewn or inverted.
Figure 70, Sheet 15, shews a method of adapting my sucker to work in conjunc-
tion with the valve known as Howard's water bed slow closing regulator closet
valve, so as to convert it into a waste preventer. In the Figure the said Howard's
valve is shewn, and consists of a cylinder K and piston J with a valve L connected
to the latter, the object of the piston being to cause the valve to close gradually
without shock or tremor. A is the sucker connected as before to the stem B, and C
is the dished sucker plate on which it acts screwed to the valve spindle M. On
raising the spindle B and sucker A, the piston J and valve NL are raised, the water
above the piston escaping through the relief valve N and through the bye pass
O either to the inlet or outlet as the case may be. If the lever P is held up longer
than is necessary the sucker A liberates the piston J and the latter gradually and
slowly falls, closing the valve L, which with the piston J is weighted by a lever Q
or dead weights to suit circumstances.
Figure 71, Sheet 16, shews how my sucker may be applied to the actuating piston
of the waste preventing valve described in the Specification of a Patent granted
to J. G. Jennings and T. Culpin, A.D. 1858 No. 1500 and illustrated in Figure 11,
Sheet 6 of the Drawings attached to the said Specification, the mode of actuating
the said valve being by the displacement of liquids or by suction, or by moving &
part not attached to the said valve. The said waste preventing valve of Jennings
and Culpin is constructed and operates as follows:-In the Figure, D is a cylinder, E
is a moveable slow closing regulating piston provided with a valve at its lower end.
Fan actuating piston capable of being drawn up or pushed down in the cylinder
by the rod B. When the actuating piston F is raised, the water above it is relieved
through an opening above the said piston, and the piston E with its valve is drawn
up by suction and allows the water to flow. As soon as the actuating piston
ceases to rise, the piston and valve E commerce to descend in the cylinder slowly
and gradually by reason of water passing from below the piston E to the space
above between it and the actuating piston F. It will be seen that the quantity
of water delivered through this apparatus at each operation is dependant upon the
length of time the valve occupies in falling. By applying my sucker arrangement
to the actuating piston, as shewn at A, the piston and valve E may be held up
stationary by it for a time and then liberated, the piston E being in this case by
preference made a much slacker fit than heretofore, thus facilitating the closing, and
obviating the inconvenience of sticking, so common to this class of waste-preventing
valves in which the action is dependant upon close fitting parts. When em-
ploying this arrangement in cisterns, the bye pass G may be made to act as an air
or overflow pipe to the cistern, and the stuffing box may be dispensed with, leaving
the top open.
Figure 72, Sheet 16, shews part of a similar-arrangement having-a-rigid-sueker.
Figures 73, 74 and 75, Sheet 4, are respectively a section, elevation and plan of
my waste-preventing sucker applied to the body of what is known as "Underhay's
cottage closet valve." To the sucker plate C carrying the valve F, I apply the
sucker A, and upon the stem B of the said sucker I apply a cup leather piston or
bucket D to act as a retarder to prevent the sudden fall of the lever E, thereby
effecting an "after flush" in a simple manner; the gradual descent of the piston D
is regulated by the cock F in the bye pass G.
The arrangement shewn in Figures 33, 34 and 35, Sheet 4, is adapted for use in
cisterus. Figures 76, 77 and 78, Sheet 4, are respectively a section, elevation and
plan of the same arrangement as applied to use in pipes. Similar-letters-refer-to
like-parts-in-Figures 33-34, 35, 76-77-and-78. The stems B and B¹ pass through
stuffing boxes in the top of the closed casing J into which the inlet P opens, Q is
the outlet; this arrangement is specially adapted for fixing to pipes under closet

page_text: seats and other positions at a distance from the cistern or other source of supply or
storage.
Figures 79 and 80, Sheet 4, are respectively a section and elevation of my waste-
preventing sucker, similar to that described in reference to Figures 73, 74 and 75,
but without the retarding piston, adapted for single flush valves.
Figure 81, Sheet 14, shews the application of a waste-preventing valve to the
outlet of a lavatory basin, whereby the difficulty attending the use of small waste-
preventing cocks to the inlets of such vessels is obviated.
Figure 82, Sheet 17, is a longitudinal section, Figure 83 a partial cross section,
Figure 84 a plan and Figure 85 a partial end view of an apparatus in which waste-
preventers are applied to a water cart for the purpose of preventing waste there-
from. D is a casing, by preference immersed in a well in connection with the tank
of the water cart, and containing a series of waste-preventing valves A, A, A, with
appropriate seatings E, E, E. The said valves may-be-of-any-suitable-kind-but-I
employ by preference my herein-before described sucker valves The stems B, B, B,
of the valves are actuated by any suitable mechanical means, such for example as
connecting rods F, F,.F, and cranks G, G, G, on a shaft H which is caused to
revolve slowly by gearing or otherwise connected to the wheel or wheels of a water
cart or to a supplementary wheel attached thereto, the actuating mechanism of the
valves should being so arranged as to actuate each waste-preventing valve in succes-
sion. I is the foot valve the inlet to which may may be varied as required. The
apparatus acts as follows:-When the water cart remains stationary the valves A, A, A,
are closed, and it will be impossible to empty it, but when the cart is set in motion
the shaft H rotates, giving motion to the waste-preventing valves each of which in its
turn allows water to flow through its seat, but all closing when the water cart stops.
Figure 86, Sheet 15, shews an arrangement whereby my sucker valve is actuated
by the transmission of liquid pressure in a manner similar to that described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to T. Bell and R. Chrimes, A.D. 1853 No. 445,
and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1, of the Drawings appended thereto, for
use in connection with mains for the purpose of giving an intermittant supply
to a number of service pipes. D is a cylinder provided with a water inlet E and
outlet F, also with a bye pass passage G; H is a valve of any suitable character
commanding the outlet but connected to my sucker A. I is a piston fitting loosely
in the cylinder and carrying on its upper surface a valve face J, and attached to its
lower surface a sucker plate C by preference of a dished shape as shewn. L is a
small valve to cover the opening M and regulated by a screw N. The action
is as follows-Assuming the valve L to be closed over the opening M, and the
piston I and dished sucker plate C to be resting on the sucker A, and the pressure
on at the inlet E, on opening the valve L the rush of water will carry up the
piston I, taking with it, by means of the sucker A, the valve H until the valve
face J covers the opening M. The sucker A. will then adhere to the sucker plate C
for a regulated period of time, when after which it will fall and the valve H will
be closed cutting off the flow; the piston I remains pressed by the pressure of water
against the opening M until the valve L is again closed, causing an equilibrium of
pressure above and below the piston I, when the latter falls on to the sucker ready
for another operation.
Figure 87, Sheet 18, shews an arrangement similar to that last described, but
adapted with a partition P in which may be formed an orifice Q the size of which
may be adjusted by a screw R in order to regulate the speed of the water passing
through the said orifice; or the same effect may be produced by regulating the
size of the hole through which the stem or rod B passes. It will be seen that in
this case the sucker A. is attached to the piston I by the rod B. The object of this
arrangement is to prevent the too rapid rise of the piston I, the speed being regu-
lated by contracting or enlarging the passage in the partition P. Similar-letters
refer-to-like-parts-in-both-Figures-86-and-87.
Figure 88, Sheet 15, shews another arrangement of sucker valve which I some-
times prefer to employ in the body of the apparatus shewn at Figure 86, Sheet 15,

page_text: plain surfaces B and C.
more rapaz
Figure-89,-Sheet-2-shews-a-sueker valve A-formed of two flat-surfaces A-and-C
such-surfaces-being-formed-of-any-suitable-material.
Figure go, Sheet-15, shews-the-relief-valve-deseribed in-reference to Figures-8
and 11-Sheet-1-applied to a waste preventing tap-which-closes with-a-diaphragm
adapted-for-bigh-pressures.
The improvements in my water frugal, herein-before referred to as Patented by
me 3rd July 1871, No. 1716, relate to apparatus of the kind referred to in the
Specifications of Patents granted to me dated respectively the 25th September 1872,
No. 2838, and the 2nd May 1873, No. 1579.
Figures 91, 92, and 93, Sheet 2, are respectively a vertical and two horizontal
sections shewing the present improvements for use in cisterns. Figures 94, 95
and 96 are similar views of a modification of the same adapted for use in connexion
with service pipes, and Figures 97, 98 and 99, are similar views of another modifi-
cation of the same. Similar letters refer to like parts in each of the Figures from
91 to 99.
A in Figure 91 refers to the openings or strainers in the case by which the water
enters; in the case of Figures 94, 96, 97 and 99, that letter refers to the inlet from
the service pipes. B is the outlet, C the retarding valve, D the carrier adapted to
operate within the retarding valve, E the locomotive clack. The action is quite
similar to that of my well known water frugal valve, and may shortly be described
as follows:-The water enters under pressure by the passage A and passes through
the seating of the weighted retarding valve C, at the same time a portion of the
water entering at A finds its way by the opening F beneath the carrier D which
works in the cylindrical cavity in the retarding valve C as shewn; the carrier D,
and with it the locomotive clack E, are thereby gradually raised, and within a pre-
arranged time, dependant upon the size of the opening F and the fit of the carrier
D in the cavity of the retarding valve, the said locomotive clack is carried up so as
to close the outlet opening B and thus stop the supply. When this is effected the
pressure above and below the carrier D becomes equalized, and it falls in the
cylindrical cavity, leaving the locomotive clack held against the opening B by
the pressure of the water behind it. So long as the tap in the outlet B is left open
no more water can pass the locomotive clack into the said outlet, except the small
quantity which leaks through a very small opening H which I sometimes provide
in its seat for a purpose which I will now describe. As soon as the tap in the
outlet opening B is shut, the small quantity of water leaking through the said
opening left in the seat of the locomotive clack, or between the surfaces of the
seating and face of such clack, begins-to accumulates in the outlet opening until
the pressure therein becomes the same as that in the service pipe or in the cistern,
which is assisted by the hole G through the carrier D, and the locomotive clack
then falls away from its seating against the outlet opening B, and on to the carrier
D, ready for a fresh measured quantity of water to be drawn off. If preferred, the
carrier D may be dispensed with and the locomotive clack alone employed, it being
in that case made to fit the cavity of the retarding valve with sufficient accuracy to
ensure being forced up within the proper time to cut off the supply when the
proper quantity has passed. It will be seen that the action of the apparatus is
dependant upon the difference between the pressure in the service pipe and in the
outlet.
Figures 100, 101 and 102, Sheet 18, shew respectively a section, elevation and
plan of any water frugal valve arranged to work without the carrier, the locomotive
clack E being attached to a diaphragm D, which is secured at its edges to the
retarding valve plate C¹, which I prefer to form of a shape similar to that of the
Bucker plate herein-before described in connexion with my sucker waste-preventing
valve. C is the retarding valve face, K its seating, A. the inlet, B the outlet, La
casing enclosing the moving parts of the apparatus, F is a small hole leading
through the retarding valve from the inlet to the space J between the retarding
•

page_text: valve plate C¹ and the diaphragm D. The action is as follows:-As soon as the
pressure in the apparatus is relieved by opening a tap or taps in the pipe leading
from the outlet B, the water at the inlet A forces open the retarding valve C, and
passes off at B, at the same time a portion of the water entering at A finds its way
by the hole F to the under side of the diaphragm D in consequence of the retard-
ation of the flow of water through valve C by the weight of such valve, the
pressure of water below the diaphragm being greater than that above it the loco-
motive clack E rises and closes the aperture B, thus stopping the flow of water
from the outlet of the frugal. On shutting the tap or taps in the pipes leading
from B the parts are restored slowly to the positions shewn in the Figure 100 in a
manner similar to that described in reference to Figures 91 to 99.
Figures 103, 104 and 105, Sheet 18, shew a similar arrangement, but having the
locomotive clack detached from the diaphragm, so that instead of the parts being
restored slowly to their positions after acting, they are restored quickly by reason
of the hole or seating M in the centre of the diaphragin, which causes the action to
be similar to that described in reference to Figures 91, 94 and 97.
Figure 106, Sheet 14, shows the application of one of the before-mentioned water
frugal valves working with a carrier fixed to a series of pipes supplying, for example,
a lavatory basin or bath with cold water.
Figure 107, Sheet 14, shews my water frugal valve arranged to work without
the carrier, and with the locomotive clack working within the retarding valve and
applied to supply, for example, a bath and lavatory basin with hot water. B is
the outlet, -the-retarding valve and F the locomotive clack.
Figure-108, Sheet 14, shews-my-hydrostatic self-closing supply valve-described
in reference-to-Figure 98, Sheet 5-applied to prevent the overflowing of a bath,
sometimes fixed in conjunction with one of my before-named-water-frugals as
Figure-106.
Figures 109, 110 and 111, Sheet 3, are respectively a section, elevation and plan
of my before-mentioned improved water frugal working with retarding valve,
carrier and locomotive clack arranged to form a waste-preventing tap. The letters
of reference in this Figure are similar to and refer to parts similar to those in
Figures 91 to 99, Sheet 2. It will be seen that the outlet B is governed by a
valve N which takes the place of the tap or taps herein-before referred to as being
applied to pipes in connexion with the outlet B, and performs similar functions.
Figures 112, 113 and 114, Sheet 3, are respectively a section, elevation and plan
of a similar arrangement, but working without the carrier. Similar letters refer to
like parts in Figures 109 to 114.
In Sheet 19, Figure 115 is a section, Figure 116 a plan and Figures 117 and 118
partial sections, shewing my improvements in the construction of the "two gallon
London closet valve waste-preventing cistern" herein-before referred to. A is the
cistern divided into two boxes, an upper one marked B, and a lower one marked C,
by a partition D, the said partition resting upon a ledge E carried round the cistern,
the said partition being fixed by a bolt F and nut G. The upper box is to be
supplied with water slowly by any suitable means, the lower box receiving its
supply from the upper through any of my hollow spindles and valve boxes, as H in
the Figure, when the outlet valve J is shut. When the inlet valve K is shut and
the outlet opened, a syphon I, which is formed by preference in the angle of the
cistern, establishes communication between the upper and lower boxes, and the
water is drawn from the upper to the lower box in proportion as it runs out from
the lower at the down pipe, until the top box is emptied. When this is effected the
syphon communication becomes broken by reason of the supply to the cistern not
delivering water to it as quickly as the down pipe withdraws it, and the lower box
draws air through the syphon, which allows the water contained in the said lower
box to flow likewise therefrom to the down pipe. Should the valve J be slightly.
raised, no more than the water in the lower box C can flow to the down pipe,
because in that case the rush of water down it is not sufficient to start syphon I in.

page_text: action, by reason of the small hole M supplying sufficient air through the syphon to
allow the bottom box to empty without starting the said syphon, and therefore
without emptying the upper box. In order to convert this arrangement into an
after flush" in the event of the valve J being closed before the cistern is emptied,
I use a second syphon L, Figure 118, which takes all the water out of the cistern
and delivers it to the down pipe at P below the valve seating. Figure 118 also
shews how the syphon may be formed by placing a tube I closed at the upper end
over the air pipe N.
Figures 119 to 125, Sheet 20, shew an arrangement of the London closet valve
with the improved after-flush syphous and a small starting box as shewn. The
letters of reference in these Figures, similar to those in Figures 115 to 118, refer to
similar parts. In this arrangement I may dispense with the partition D shewn in
Figure 115, and employ instead thereof a small starting box C in communication
with the down pipe. Figure 119 is a section, Figure 120 plan, Figure 121 angular
section shewing the water passages, Figure 122 elevation of the after-flush syphon
as formed in the angle of the cistern, Figure 123 transverse section through starting
box, Figure 124 section through ventilating pipe at X (Figure 120) and Figure 125
view of under side of cistern.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to or may be performed, I would have it understood that I make no
claim to the application of a concave or convex sucker to the purpose of elevating
a valve connected with a moveable guide or casings, as I am aware that such a
sucker has before been applied to that purpose; but what I do claim is :--
Firstly, The application and use of a flat sucker for the purpose of raising in
contact therewith and sustaining a valve (or instrument connected with a valve) for
a certain length of time and then liberating the same, so as to constitute a waste-
preventing apparatus, as described.
Secondly, The application and use of a flat sucker for the purpose of raising and
sustaining a moveable guide, box, or casing having a valve attached thereto, for the
purpose of a waste preventer.
Thirdly, The application and use of a sucker of any suitable shape for raising a
valve in a fixed guide, box, or casing, whether employed in connection with cisterns
or pipes.
Fourthly, The use of a weight K (Figures 5, 7, and 22) above the sucker, for
the purpose of facilitating its the attachment of the latter to the valve or sucker
plate, as described and shewn.
Fifthly, The construction, arrangement and combination of valve seating with
seating ring and casing, as described and illustrated, and for the purposes set forth.
Sixthly, The arrangement of sucker and sucker plate, whereby the sucker is
made to serve both as a sucker and as a valve, as described, and shewn in Figure 19,
Sheet 2.
Seventhly, The employment of two or more diaphragms acting together for the
purpose of securing increased certainty of separation, as described in reference to
Figure 22, Sheet 2.
Eighthly, The application and-use of a relief-and-retarding valve substantially
as-described-and-in-the-various manners illustrated.
Ninthly, Eighthly The adaptation of a fixed diaphragm so as to act as a sucker,
substantially as described, and illustrated in Figures 24 and 30, Sheet 3.
Tenthly, Ninthly The arrangement of parts shewn in Figure 30, Sheet 3, whereby
the retarding and actuating liquid is retained in the casing of the apparatus so as
to be used over and over again.
Eleventhly, Tenthly The arrangement of the two waste-preventing valves acting
in concert in-one-ease so as to produce a single and after-flush action, as described,
and illustrated in Figures 33, 34, 35, 76, 77 and 78, Sheet 4.
Twelfthly, The -hydrostatie--supply valve-constructed--arranged--and--adapted
substantially-as-described-and-illustrated-in-Figure 38, Sheet 5.

page_text: Thirteenthly, Eleventhly, The combination of my self-closing waste-preventing
valve with a syphon and service box, for ensuring a proper flush of water, substan-
tially as described, and illustrated in Figure 41, Shret 6.
Fourteenthly, The employment-of-a-thimble for the protection of the oup
leather-in-a-ball-valve-as-described-and-illustrated in Figure 41' Sheet-6.
Fifteenthly, Twelfthly, The combination of my inferential or self-closing waste-
preventing valve with a capacity measuring box, for fixing in cisterns under water,
as described, and illustrated in Figures 42 and 43, Sheet 7.
Sixteenthly, Thirteenthly, The combination and arrangement of parts for pre-
venting the waste of water in the event of the waste-preventing valve not acting,
substantially as described, and illustrated in Figures 44 and 45, Sheet 8, and
Figures 46 and 47, Sheet 9.
Seventeenthly, Fourteenthly, The combination application and use of my waste-
preventing valve with a retarding-apparatus for the purpose of producing the after-
flush action, as described, and illustrated in Figures 48 and 49, Sheet 10.
Eighteenthly, The combination of my waste-preventing valve with a supple
mentary valve working in a supplementary cistern for the purpose of preventing
the flow of more than a prescribed quantity of water-at-each-operation.
Nineteenthly, Fifteenthly, The combination and arrangement of my waste-
preventing valve, working in a closed measuring chamber, with shut-off air valve
and open inlet, as described, and illustrated in Figures 50 and 51, Sheet 11, and
for the purpose set forth.
Twentiethly, Sixteenthly, The several combinations of a my waste-preventing
or other valve with the various actuating parts and adjustable inlet valve, as
described, and illustrated in Figures 54 and 55, Sheet 12, and Figures 56 and 57,
Sheet 13, and for the purposes set forth.
Twenty-firstly, Seventeenthly, The application and use of a my self-closing waste-
preventing valve, with or without a syphon, to the outlet of a bath or lavatory basin,
as described, and illustrated in Figures 59 and 60, Sheet 14, and Figure 81, Sheet 14.
Twenty-secondly, Eighteenthly, The application and use of waster-preventer
valves to a water cart, substantially as described, and illustrated in Figures 82
to 85, Sheet 17.
Twenty thirdly, Nineteenthly, The various combinations, arrangements and
adaptations of the flat suckers with sucker plates, moveable pistons, diaphragms
and valves, herein-before described.
Twenty-fourthly, Twentiethly, The arrangement and adaptation of water frugals
so that the locomotive clack and carrier, or the locomotive clack alone, are made to
work inside the retarding valve, or without the carrier by means of a diaphragm,
substantially as described, and illustrated in Figures 91 to 99, Sheet 2, Figures 100
to 105, Sheet 18, Figures 106 and 107, Sheet 14, and Figures 109 to 114, Sheet 3.
Twenty-fifthly, Twenty firstly, The construction and adaptation of the cisterns
of the London closet valve, as described, and illustrated in the Figures comprising
Sheets 19 and 20.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip John Davies have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Sixteenth day of September in the year of our Lord One
thand inhi hundred
Witness
W. H. BECK
Consulting Engineer
139 Cannon Street London E.C.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES. (L.S.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip John Davies, of 175, King's Cross Road, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND
OTHER VALVES, AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, WATERING, CONTROLLING,
REGULATING, AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE OF WATER, AND
PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF.'
"
Sealed the 1st August 1876, and dated the 18th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philip John Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th March 1876.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES, of 175, King's Cross Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND OTHER VALVES, AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING,
WATERING, CONTROLLING, REGULATING, AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE
OF WATER, AND PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF."
My Invention specially relates to improvements in water closet and other valves
and apparatus employed for cleansing, watering, controlling, regulating, measuring,
and arresting the flow or discharge of water to or from pipes, mains, reservoirs,
cisterns, water closets, urinals, baths, water carts, or other sources of supply or
storage, and has for its objects the opening or closing of valve or valves by suction,
and by the transmission of fluid or liquid pressure or otherwise, and apparatus for
emptying or filling of vessels, and for controlling, limitting, or measuring of the
supply each time the apparatus is brought into action, so as to arrest, regulate, or
give a rapid flushing current automatically at stated intervals, or otherwise generally
not to exceed a fixed maximum quantity each time in order to prevent water
waste. It consists partially in certain novel arrangements and combination of
apparatus, so contrived and adapted to act as water waste preventors for fixing in
cistern under water or otherwise, whereby simplicity, economy, and freedom from
derangement are more effectually attained than heretofore; this I partially effect by
employing one or more diaphragms of suitable material or materials (such as leather
or india-rubber) to act with or without a plate, disc, cup, or other shaped apparatus
which will form a sucker that may act either direct or indirect, or with a valve
which will also at times form a sucker for the purpose of actuating a valve or
valves. The mode I claim (in this part of my Invention) of actuating valves with
this sucker will be readily understood, as the principle of this sucker is the same as
that used as toys by children (known as suckers), which can be applied to the top
[Price 28. Gd.]

page_text: or other parts of a valve, either fixed in a cistern or to pipes or otherwise, and
when pulled up with a screw, cam, lever, wire, cord, rod, chain, or otherwise, will
allow the valve to fall or go back to its seat after a given time, which may be
regulated by a small tap, screw, or valve, so that it is impossible to keep the valve
open for a long time, thereby preventing waste.
My Invention also relates to a novel kind of valve seating, which is also applicable
to my Hornsey and other valves. Instead of having the main inlet water way
through the sides or horizontal with the bottom of the cistern, I form the main
inlet water way underneath, simply valve seating, and which greatly prevents the
valve being propped open by any small pieces of solid substance, such as leaves or
sticks, that may be swimming in or on the water, or by persons tampering with
the valve by placing anything between the valve and seating, thereby preventing
wilful waste.
A further advantage is attained by this improved valve seating, that it is much
easier to mould for casting, and therefore I shall now prefer to make the same of
iron, zinc, lead, glass, or earthenware, so as to guard against theft, I also form a
retarding and a relief valve with double ring seatings to retard the descent of the
diaphragm, which will also prevent strain upon the diaphragm of my well-known
Hornsey water waste preventing valve or valves.
This Invention also relates to what is now known as my two gallon London
closet valve waste preventing cistern, working with moveable and fixed valve
seatings and syphons with service box arrangements, described in the Letters
Patent bearing date 1873, No. 1579, Sheet 4, Fig. 1, which consists in forming the
division or plate between the top and bottom of the cistern much lower and
supporting the same on a ledge, and by making the hollow spindle to work through
this partition the bottom box or lower division of the cistern to be supplied slowly
when the outlet valve is closed with water through any of my hollow spindles and
valve boxes described in my before recited Letters Patent, when the inlet valve is
shut, and the outlet valve opened, a syphon communication is established between
the top and lower boxes, which can be easily accomplished by placing a tube closed
at one end over the present air pipe, but which I prefer to form in the angles of the
cistern, or by forming the syphon of zine, copper, lead, or other materials (easily
soldered), and fixing the same over or into a socket cast to the middle partition, which
will syphon or take the necessary portion of the water from the top or large division
(which must be of certain dimensions on account of room for the ball valve working)
to supply the lower, but only when the outlet valve is full open, and only then for
a given time, by reason of a small air hole inade in the syphon or top tube, so that
the lower box or division need only be made proportionately large to set the
syphon or syphons in action, thereby this part of my Invention enables me to make
a compartment in this small cistern, instead of holding one and a half or two
gallons as heretofore, less than one quarter the size, which will better answer the
purpose. I intend to continue the use of the present syphon when required for
the purpose of converting this same cistern into an after flush cistern, and I improve
this syphon by forming a ventilating hole which can be adjusted by a screw top or
small valve near the top of the syphon, which will prevent this syphon from setting
itself in action.
And also in certain improvements in what are known as water frugals (or water
waste preventors), for which Letters Patent were granted to me bearing date 3rd
day of July 1871, No. 1716, which consist of making the locomotive clack and
carrier therein described to work within the retarding valve, and in some cases I
can make this valve or locomotive clack to work without the carrier.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Philip John Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
September 1876.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES, of 175, King's Cross Road, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSET AND OTHER VALVES, AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANSING,
WATERING, CONTROLLING, REGULATING, AND ARRESTING THE FLOW OR DISCHARGE
OF WATER, AND PREVENTING WASTE THEREOF."
My Invention especially relates to improvements in water closet and other valves
and apparatus employed for cleansing, watering, controlling, regulating, measuring,
and arresting the flow or discharge of water to or from pipes, mains, reservoirs,
cisterns, waterclosets, urinals, baths, water-carts, or other sources of supply or
storage, and has for its object the opening or closing of a valve or valves by suction,
and by the transmission of fluid or liquid pressure or otherwise.
The Invention also relates to apparatus for emptying or filling of vessels, and for
controlling, limiting, or measuring of the supply each time the apparatus is brought
into action, so as to arrest, regulate, or give a rapid flushing current auto-
matically at stated intervals, or otherwise, generally not to exceed a fixed maximum
quantity each time, in order to prevent undue water waste. It consists partially in
certain novel arrangements and combinations of apparatus so contrived and adapted
to act as water-waste preventers for fixing in cisterns under water or otherwise,
whereby simplicity, economy, and freedom from derangement are more effectually
attained than heretofore. This I partially effect by employing one or more
diaphragms of suitable material or materials (such as leather or india-rubber) to
act with or without a plate, disc, cup, or other apparatus which will form a sucker
that may act either direct or indirect. Or with a valve which will also at times
form a sucker for the purpose of actuating a valve or valves. The method I employ
(in this part of my Invention) for actuating valves will be readily understood, as
the principle of the said sucker is the same as that used as toys by children (known
suckers"), which can be applied to the top or other parts of a valve either
fixed in a cistern or to pipes or otherwise, and when pulled up with a screw, cam,
lever, wire, cord, rod, chain, or otherwise, will allow the valve to fall or go back to
its scat after a given time, which may be regulated by a small tap, screw, or valve,
so that it is impossible to keep the valve open beyond a certain length of time,
thereby preventing waste.
as
Another part of my Invention consists in a novel kind of valve seating, which is
also applicable to my Hornsey and other valves. Instead of having the inain inlet
water way through the sides or parallel with the bottom of the cistern, I form the
main inlet water way underneath or vertically with regard to the bottom of the
cistern which simplifies the valve seatings, and prevents the valve being propped
open by any small pieces of solid substance, such as leaves or sticks that may be
swimming in or on the water, or by persons tampering with the valve by placing
anything between the valve and seating, thereby preventing wilful waste.
A further advantage is attained by this improved valve seating that it is much
easier to mould for casting, and therefore I an enabled to make the same of cheaper
materials than heretofore, such as iron, zinc, lead, glass, or earthenware, so as to
guard against theft. I also form a retarding and a relief valve with double ring
seatings to retard the descent of the diaphragin, which will also prevent strain upon
the diaphragm of my well-known Hornsey and other water-waste preventing valve
or valves.
Another part of my Invention relates to what is now known as the "two gallon
London closet valve waste-preventing cistern," working with moveable and fixed
valve seatings and syphons with service box arrangements described in the Letters
Patent, hearing date 1873, No. 1579, Sheet 4, Figure 1, and consists in formning the
division or plate between the top and bottom of the cistern much lower, and
supporting the saine on a ledge, and by making the hollow spindle to work through
this partition, the bottom box or lower division of the cistern to be supplied slowly
A 2

page_text: (when the outlet valve is closed) with water through any of my hollow spindles
and valve boxes described in my before-mentioned Letters Patent. When the
inlet valve is shut and the outlet valve opened a syphon communication is esta-
blished between the top and lower boxes, which can be easily accomplished by
placing a tube closed at one end over the present air pipe, but which I prefer to form
in the angles of the cistern, or by forming the syphon of zinc, copper, lead, or other
materials (easily soldered), and fixing the same over or into a socket cast to the
middle partition, which will syphon or take the necessary portion of the water
from the top or large division (which must be of certain dimensions on account of
room for the ball valve working) to supply the lower, but only when the outlet
valve is full open, and only then for a given time, by reason of a small air hole
made in the syphon or top tube, so that the lower box or division need only be
made proportionately large to set the syphon or syphons in action, thereby this
part of my Invention enables me to make a starting compartment in this small
cistern, which instead of being made to hold one and a half or two gallons as
heretofore may be made less than one quarter that size, which will better answer
the purpose.
I intend to continue the use of the present syphon when required for
the purpose of converting this same cistern into an " after flush" cistern; and I
improve this syphon by forming a ventilating hole, which can be adjusted by a
screw, tap, or small valve near the top of the syphon, which will prevent this from
setting itself in action.
My Invention also relates to certain improvements in what are known as water
frugals (or water waste preventers), for which Letters Patent were granted to me
bearing date the 3rd day of July 1871, No. 1716, which consists in making the
locomotive clack and carrier therein described to work within the retarding valve,
and in some cases I make this valve or locomotive clack to work without the carrier.
In Sheet 1 of the Drawings, Figure 1 shews a simple form of the waste-pre-
venting valve acting on the principle of the boys' sucker herein-before referred to.
It consists of a flat piece of leather, india-rubber, or other suitable elastic or flexible
material. A forming the sucker, by preference of circular form, and attached to a
spindle, wire, rod, cord, or chain B, by which it may be operated; C is a plate made
of any suitable material, by preference of a cup shape, as shewn, with a tolerably
broad margin D for the sucker A to act upon; E is the guide spindle of the valve,
and F the leather, india-rubber, or other soft substance forming the valve face,
which bears on the valve seat in the usual manner. It will now be understood
that if the sucker A be lowered, especially when wet, so as to rest on the margin D
of the plate C, it will become attached thereto, and on raising the sucker A the
sucker plate C and parts attached will also be raised by the action of the sucker A,
and will be held up thereby for a period of time dependant upon the size of the
orifice G (which may if desired be regulated nt pleasure by means of the screw
plug H, or by a cock or valve), through which liquid or air will gradually percolate
so as to destroy the sucker action; the sucker plate C with the valve face F will
then detach itself from the sucker A and drop suddenly therefrom, closing any
valve seating or other aperture it may fall upon. In some cases I find it un-
necessary to face the surface D, leaving it rough, and in that case the orifice G may
be dispensed with. When employing an orifice opening into the hollow of the
sucker plate C it may be arranged to pass through the spindle B, as shewn in
Figure 2, the size of the orifice in this case may be regulated by a small nut J, as
shewn, or by other suitable means, and when so arranged is more easily got at for
adjustment than when placed as in Figure 1. When this sucker arrangement is
used under water it is sometimes necessary to employ a weight K, as shewn in
Figure 5, Sheet 2, in order to facilitate its attachment to the surface D.
Figure 3, Sheet 1, shews the application of a simple form of sucker to a common
spindle valve. A is the sucker of india-rubber, leather, etcetera, as before; B, a
cord attached thereto; C¹, the spindle valve; C, its seating; N, the weight. The
action is similar to that described in reference to Figure 1. It is obvious that other
forms of valves may be actuated by other suitable forms of suckers.

page_text: Figure 4, Sheet 1, shews how the sucker may be applied to existing ordinary
valves so as to convert them readily into waste-preventing valves. C is a dished
plate screwed, soldered, or otherwise attached to the valve; C, C, are lugs formed
on the said dished plate C, serving as guides to keep the sucker A central.
Figure 5, Sheet 2, shews the arrangement described in reference to Figure 1 as
adapted to the outlet pipe of a cistern; I being the valve seat, and Ja casing
surrounding the valve to protect it and prevent the entrance into it of any sub-
stance that might be floating on the surface of the water.
This casing may be made of any convenient size, or even dispensed with altogether
if preferred, as it has nothing whatever to do with the action of the valve, and is
only intended for the above-named purpose.
In Figure 7, Sheet 1, the said casing J is dispensed with and a guide plate for
the spindle and distance pillars are substituted therefor, or a single guide pillar
may be employed; Fig. 7a is a plan of the same. K, in Figure 5, Sheet 2, is a
ring weight with a bridge guide L, intended to prevent the outside edges of the
sucker A from floating when immersed in water, especially when leather or very
pure india-rubber is employed. Figure 6, Sheet 2, is a plan of the ring weight K,
with its bridge guide L. The spindle B may be extended downwards, as shewn,
below the sucker, so as to bear upon the sucker plate C, and thus prevent undue
buckling or bending down of the said sucker in the middle.
Figure S, Sheet 1, shews a waste-preventer arranged with a single flexible diaphragm
A attached to the body of the sucker plate C by means of a ring M and screws M¹,
rendering the sucker plate a fixture to the diaphragm, but in this case it is
necessary to have a weight N acting on the diaphragm to press the water out from
the space between the said diaphragm A and sucker plate Ċ through a small orifice,
such as that shewn at G, or a relief valve specially adapted for that purpose before
the valve is raised. The action is as follows:-(Assuming the parts to be as in
the Figure) by raising the spindle B to a limited distance the diaphragm A and
sucker plate C are raised also, but as the diaphragm is flexible, and the weight of
the valve hanging from it, the water will percolate through the small hole at G', so
as to refill the space between the diaphragm and the sucker plate C, and the latter
is thus allowed to descend and close the valve seating I. Figures 9 and 10 are
respectively an elevation and plan of the same. In order to keep the weight N
and diaphragm level and steady the spindle B is made hollow and the spindle E of
the valve is continued up into it.
Figure 11, Sheet I, shews a similar arrangement, but with the diaphragm and
valve placed in a case or box J to prevent the entrance of foreign substances, and
also to prevent tampering with the valve; the top of the case also acts as a guide
and stop to prevent the diaphragm from being raised beyond the height from
which its flexibility will allow the valve to close. The percolating aperture G is
shewn both in this Figure and in Figure 8 above the valve face F, whereby
the latter forms a relief valve, which allows the water to rush out of the space
between the diaphragm and the sucker plate when the weight N is dropped.
This prevents the bursting of the diaphragmn when it is fixed to the sucker plate.
Figures 12 and 13, Sheet 1, are respectively an elevation and a plan of the same.
Figure 14, Sheet 1, shews in section my improved valve seating and rings, and
the way
I prefer to make and fix the case or box to the same, for the purpose of
protecting the sucker and the valve, and to prevent the entrance of floating bodies,
also to prevent tampering with the valve by propping it open through the side
apertures heretofore employed for the admission of water through the sides of the
casing. It will be seen that the valve seat I has screwed on to it a ring P, having
apertures Q, Q, cast therein through which the water passes upwards to the valve,
these apertures and the lower edge of the casing or box J attached to the ring
stand below the level of the top of the valve seating and the level of the water in
the cistern can never fall below that of the valve seating, floating bodies will there-
fore be prevented from entering the apertures, and as the latter are underneath
and very near the bottom of the cistern it will be much more difficult to tamper

page_text: with the valve than heretofore. The improved valve seating and rings are also
seen in Figures 5, 19, 20 and 22, Sheet 2, and Figures 30, 31, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29,
Sheet 3.
Figures 15 and 16, Sheet 1, are respectively an elevation and a plan of the casing
or box with the valve seating attached, and Figure 17, Sheet 2, is a plan of the
ring P, shewing the inlet apertures Q, and Figure 18, Sheet 2, a plan of the valve
seating I.
Figure 19, Sheet 2, shews a modification, in which the sucker A. is made to serve
both as a sucker and as a valve, the sucker plate C being inverted and acted upon
by the stein, wire, cord, or chain B, and the sucker A attached to the valve spindle E,
and weighted as shewn at R.
Figure 20, Sheet 2, shews another modification, in which, instead of an elastic or
flexible sucker I employ a rigid disc or plate A, by preference of metal, the margin
of which is adapted to fit with tolerable accuracy against the margin D of the
sucker plate C. The spindle B passes through the said disc or plate A and through
a tube of india-rubber or other suitable clastic material S, and terminates in a head,
as shewn. The action is as follows:-On drawing up the spindle B, the clastic
tube S is slightly compressed, and the partial vacuum caused by the partial with-
drawal of the spindle B causes the' disc or plate A to adhere to the sucker plate C,
further upward movement of the spindle B will then raise both the disc or plate A
and the sucker plate C to the required extent, and it may be held up until sufficient
water percolates through the aperture G to equalize the pressure inside and outside
the space between the disc or plate A and the sucker plate C, when the latter will
disengage itself from the former and will fall on its seat. In this arrangement I
prefer that the action shall be indirect, that is to say, that the surfaces of the plates
A and C are kept apart by the weight Z, or otherwise, until required to be brought
into action, when the weight Z must be lifted and the plate A lowered. But in
some cases the action may be direct, that is to say, that the surfaces of the plates
A and C are kept in contact until required to be brought into use. I prefer the
above-described indirect action in this case for the reason that when the plates A
and C are metallic the surfaces, when in contact or nearly in contact, rapidly
corrode and become inoperative. This indirect action is specially applicable to
"seat-action" closets.
Figure 21, Sheet 2, shews another modification, in which the sucker A is arranged
as a diaphragm, and is attached to the sucker plate C and a plate T connected to
the spindle rod or chain B presses by its lip U upon the sucker A. When raised
the said plate T draws up the sucker and its connected sucker plate C until the
pressure inside and outside of the space between the sucker plate C and the plate T
is equalized by the percolation of water through the aperture G, as before. This
arrangement may be worked in the position shewn or inverted. Similar letters
refer to like parts in all the parts so far referred to.
Figure 22, Sheet 2, shews an arrangement in which two or more diaphragmns
or suckers are or may be employed so as to increase the certainty of separation of
the valve from the sucker. The parts are arranged as in the Figures herein-before
described, and the letters of reference so far as they are similar to those in former
Figures represent similar parts. A¹ is a second diaphragm or sucker forming as in
the figure, the valve resting on the seating; but if preferred, it inay he attached to
a separate valve. U is a ring interposed between the diaphragms or suckers A
and A but not fixed to either. The action of this arrangement is similar to that
of those above described, but inasmuch as there are two pairs of surfaces in
contact instead of one pair, as in the former cases, the chances that separation will
take place are increased.
Figure 23, Sheet 1, shows the application of the sucker to a stand post. V is
the body of the stand post; W the inlet from the main or other source of supply;
X the outlet; Y valve seating; C the sucker plate loaded with lead or otherwise
weighted to resist the upward pressure of water from the main or other source
of supply; F is the valve face of any suitable material attached to sucker plate C,

page_text: the latter is provided with feathers or guides C* and surfaces D, as in former
figures. A is the sucker; B the rod (terminating in a handle B¹), by which the
sucker and valve are operated in a manner similar to that before described. It
will be understood that if preferred the inlet may be at X and the outlet at W,
the action being the same in either case, but in the latter case the sucker plate C
will not require to be weighted, and the rod B must be made to work water-tight
through the cover.
Figure 24, Sheet 3, shews an arrangement whereby what is known as the
"after flush" required for pan or valve closets is obtained. This is effected by the
use of a relief and retarding valve. A is the diaphragm forming a sucker, fixed
at its outer edges, between an upper and lower casing; B the spindle and N the
weight thereon; C the sucker plate with the valve face F as before; G2 is the
relief and retarding valve closing over a double ring seating or over the openings (³,
in the upper casing as shewn. The action is as follows -On raising the spindle B
the diaphragm or sucker A raises the sucker plate C and valve face F from its
seat, the water above the said diaphragm or sucker A is forced out through the
openings G of the relief and retarding valve, whereby the diaphragm or sucker
is relieved from undue strain, and the sudden descent of the said diaphragın or
sucker A with the sucker plate C, when the spindle B is prematurely released,
is prevented until water has percolated through the hole G into the space between
the upper casing and the diaphragm or sucker in sufficient quantity to allow
the said diaphragm or sucker to close the valve F, which it will then do
gradually.
Figure 25 is a plan of the above.
Figure 26, Sheet 3, shows the application of the aforesaid relief and retarding
valve C² to my well-known "Hornsey waste-preventing valve."
Figures 27 and 28, Sheet 3, are plans, and Figure 29 a section of my improved
valve seating as applied to my said "Hornsey waste-preventing valve," the outer
rim of the seating ring P being mised to suit the diaphragms.
Figure 30, Sheet 3, is a section; Figure 31 an elevation; and Figure 32 a plan
of an arrangement whereby foul water from the cistern is partially prevented from
entering the casing wherein the diaphragm or sucker is placed, the same actuating
liquid being used continuously therein. The diaphragın or sucker, its spindle and
weight, and the sucker plate are arranged in a manner similar to that shewn in
Figure 24, Sheet 3; but instead of the valve face F being attached directly to the
sucker plate C, it is connected thereto by a spindle passing through a partition in
the casing as shewn, the said partition dividing the casing into two parts, the
upper part containing the diaphragm or sucker, the sucker plate and the actuating
liquid. The upper part of the casing is formed with passages G, G³, arranged to
effect the "after flush." The action is as follows:-On raising the spindle B the
diaphragm or sucker A expels the water above it through the valve G❝ and
passage G to the under side of the diaphragm or sucker. Should now the
spindle B be liberated suddenly before the valve disengages itself from the sucker,
the diaphragm or sucker and valve will be prevented from falling suddenly, but
will fall gradually in proportion as the liquid percolates back from the under to
the upper side of the said diaphragm through the passage G³ and hole G, which
latter may be regulated by a small "grub" screw as shewn. By employing in
this arrangement a loose sucker instead of a fixed diaphragm or sucker, and
dispensing with the passages G+ and G³ it becomes applicable as a "single flush
valve." In order to prevent the diaphragm or sucker from becoming dry when
the water in the cistern falls below it the outer casing or belt J' is fixed air and
water-tight to the spindle B, and is provided with a valve J2 opening outwards,
which when the cistern is full allows the air to escape from the said casing or
bell, and water to enter below to take its place, the said casing or bell J¹ thus
acts the part of a syphon when the level of the water in the cistern falls below
that of the diaphragm or sucker, thus utilizing all the available water the cistern
contains.

page_text: Figure 33, Sheet 4, is a section; Figure 34 an elevation; and Figure 35 a plan
of another method of applying my said sucker arrangement so as to obtain the
"after flush" distinct from the "first flush," so that when the handle of the closet
is released a second valve is opened, through which the "after flush" is delivered
so as to supply the necessary quantity of water into the basin. A is the sucker
for operating the main sucker plate C and valve face F; A¹ is the sucker for
operating the after flush sucker plate O¹ and valve face F. The sucker A is
suspended by the stem B to one end of a lever M and the sucker A¹ by the stem B'
to the opposite end of the said lever M. I, I, and I, I, represent the seatings
for the said valve faces F and F¹ cast together and with lugs or arms L, L, for
supporting the casings J and J. The water enters from below as in the seating
shewn in Figure 14, Sheet 1, by openings Q between the lugs or arms L, L, into
the upper part of the cases. It will now be understood that on raising the stem B
and sucker A, the sucker plate C, and valve face F will be drawn up, allowing the
main or first flush to take place through the seating I, as shewn by the arrows.
The sucker A¹ being lowered on to the upper surface of the sucker plate C¹ on
releasing the stem B the sucker A, which is weighted by a weight K so as to
counterbalance the sucker A¹ and sucker plate C¹, falls and the sucker A¹ and
sucker plate C¹ are raised so as to allow of the "after flush" taking place
through the seating I, I, as shewn by the arrows, until the sucker plate C
detaches itself from the sucker A¹ and falls to its seat. It will be seen that the
main flush valve is operated by direct action and the after flush by indirect action.
Figure 36, Sheet 5, shews the method of fixing the apparatus last above described
in a cistern in connexion with my improved closet, to which it is specially but
not exclusively adapted. The arrangement in the cistern and the actuating
mechanism will be readily understood from the Drawing, and it is essential that
an air or ventilating pipe, such as that marked P, be applied to the down pipe.
The cistern
Figure 37 shews the method of fixing any of the before-mentioned single flush
waste-preventing valves in a cistern by means of a fly nut and long screw, and
also shews the method of applying a combined overflow and ventilating pipe to
such valve. The overflow pipe having a ball valve over its mouth to prevent the
escape of foul gases into the cistern, such ball valve being opened by the rising of
the water above the mouth of the said waste pipe. The ventilating pipe branches
from the said waste pipe and is carried above the top of the cistern.
may be filled by means of my hydrostatic supply valve as shewn at Figure 38,
which acts without the aid of a ball-float in the following manner :-Suppose the
cistern to be empty, the water from the source of supply enters under pressure by
the inlet A, raising the valve B from its seat, and passes up the outlet pipe C
into the cistern as the water gradually rises in the cistern, pressure is brought on
the upper side of the diaphragm D (to which the valve B is connected) through
the small hole E in the casing, the pressure increasing as the water level rises,
tending to equalize the pressure of the columns of water above and below the
diaphragm, which equality will take place when the level of the water reacbes
the mouth of the short end C¹ of the outlet pipe C; as soon as this is accomplished
the excess of pressure transmitted from the water in the inlet through the small
hole F to the upper side of the piston G (which is of larger diameter than the
valve seating H) causes the valve B to close and the same pressure will keep it
closed until the pressure of the column above the diaphragm is again reduced
sufficiently to enable the column of water in the pipe C to open the valve B by
its pressure on the under side of the diaphragm D.
Figure 39, Sheet 6, shews a method by which my single flush waste-preventing
valve may be applied to a cistern in combination with an ordinary service box,
so as to produce a cheap and effective "after flush" arrangement, especially suited
for pan closets. A is the waste-preventing valve in its casing soldered to the
service box B. The valve A is made of such a size as to deliver water to the
service box B quicker than the down pipe will carry it away. On raising the
valve the service box rapidly fills, and remains full until the valve is lowered or

page_text: drops on its seat, after 'which the charge of water in the service box flows into
the down pipe and produces the "after flush."
Figure 40, Sheet 6, shews a similar arrangement for the same purpose, adapted
so as to drain all or nearly all the water out of the cistern. A is the valve as
before, B the service box to which is fitted the overflow pipe C with a weeping
hole D arranged in a manner similar to that described and shewn in the Speci-
fication of a Patent granted to William Parsons and James Attree on the third
day of December 1857, No. 3004, and also in the Specification of a Patent granted
to James Chandler on the ninth day of October 1869, No. 2933.
Figure 41, Sheet 6, shews an arrangement of a self-closing waste-preventing
valve, working in conjunction with a syphon and service box for use in cases
where it is desired to obtain a proper flush of water when the valve is held up
for a sufficient length of time only to start the syphon in action, the said syphon
being connected to a passage W under the valve seating leading to the down pipe.
The action is as follows:-On raising the valve from its seating water flows down
the down pipe, and if the valve is then lowered to its seating, the weight of the
column of water in the down pipe acts to set the syphon in action so as to discharge
not less than the contents of the small box into the down pipe. When the small
box is emptied, the syphon action is broken and the small box refills through the
small aperture V ready for another supply.
Figure 41a, Sheet 6, is a plan of the seating with passage W attached. This
arrangement is specially applicable to common hopper closets. I wish it to be
understood that I do not claim the use of the syphon for producing the "after
flush" except in combination with a self-closing waste-preventing valve, as the
syphon arrangement for that purpose is well known, and is described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to one Hague, and also in the Specification of a
Patent granted to J. G. Jennings.
Figure 41, Sheet 6, shews an equilibrium ball valve for supplying cisterns of the
class known as "Underhay's," the cup leather of which I protect by the employ-
ment of a thimble A in which it works instead of in the end of the body B, and
I substitute for the flange joint a screwed joint as shown at C.
Figure 42, Sheet 7, shews a section of an arrangement wherein my. waste-
preventing valve is so combined with a measuring box that the apparatus operates
as an inferential and capacity meter, and so as to secure greater certainty that
the sucker shall liberate the valve at the instant when the proper quantity of
water has been discharged. M is a measuring box for fixing in a cistern in con-
nexion with the down pipe therefrom; N is the air pipe; Pa regulating hole
through which the box is filled, or if preferred the box may be filled through the
hole in which the spindle B works, or the said spindle B may be slotted or cut
away where it passes through the top of the box: the sucker and valve are similar
to those before described. The sides are by preference carried down below the
bottom of the box M in order to prevent the latter from tilting, holes R, R,
being provided, forming a strainer to prevent the entrance of any foreign substance
into the box. The action is as follows:-The box M being full of water, on raising
the sucker A and sucker plate C the contents of the box flow down the down pipe
until the water flows below the sucker, when air which has entered the box M
through the air pipe N passes between the sucker and the sucker plate, and the latter
falls instantly with the valve face F to its seat (the more easily on account of air
entering between the surfaces more readily than water) thus allowing only the
quantity of water contained in the box above the sucker to pass to the closet.
When the valve is closed, the box ML refills from below through the regulating
hole P, which must be smaller than the outlet to the down pipe.
Figure 43, Sheet 7, shews a section and plan of a similar arrangement, but
adapted with a retarding piston S and retarding valve G2 similar to that described
in reference to Figures 24 and 26, Sheet 3.
Figure 44, Sheet 8, shews the application of my single flush waste preventing
valve to a small cistern suitable for the constant supply system; the valve is

page_text: shewn with air pipe and fly nut and union, and the cistern fitted with ball valve
for regulation of inlet.
Figure 45 is a plan of the same.
Figures 46 and 47, Sheet 9, are respectively a section and plan of an arrange-
ment of my said waste-preventing valve, adapted with a syphon to obtain an
"after flush" action, and also a method of connecting the said valve to the ball
valve, so that in the event of the sucker and valve not separating at the proper
time when the handle is held up, the inlet to the cistern shall be kept closed in
order to prevent the entrance of water thereto until the waste-preventing valve
is closed. The syphon S acts to produce the "after flush" in the same manner as
that hereafter described in connexion with Figures 48 and 49, Sheet 10. On
raising the stem B of the sucker by pulling up the lever T by the wire U, the
ball with its rod W is raised, its hinder cranked end leaving the short arm of
the lever X free so that the weight Y thereon presses by its means against the
inlet valve Z so as to maintain it closed, and thus prevent entrance of water so
long as the spindle B of the waste-preventing valve is held up. I may here
inention that the ball valve shewn in this Figure is merely illustrative, as any
suitable kind of ball valve may be employed in connexion with any of my cisterns.
Also that the arrangement of a waste-preventing valve in connection with a ball
valve as above described is also applicable to a single flush cistern such as that
shown at Figure 44, Sheet 8.
Figures 48 and 49, Sheet 10, are respectively a section and plan of an arrange-
ment of my waste-preventing valve fixed in a cistern and adapted so as to produce
when required the "after flush" and secure the delivery of the proper quantity of
flushing water, whether the handle of the closet is held up or not, and also with a
supplementary valve acting in concert with it for the purpose of preventing the
How to the closet of more than the prescribed quantity of water in the event of the
waste-preventing valve not acting.
One method of effecting the "after flush" is by means of a syphon similar to
those described in the Specifications of Patents granted to J. G. Jennings, A.D.
1854, No. 1017, and to one Hague, one branch S of which is connected by a
passage S below the valve seating with the down pipe, the other branch S²
opening into the cistern near the bottom. The connexion of the branch S with
the valve seating is seen more clearly at Figures 52 and 53, Sheet 2. After the
waste-preventing valve has been operated and closed, the rush of water down
the down pipe being cut off by the said valve, the syphon is brought into action
by the weight of the column of water in the down pipe, and any water left in the
cistern after the valve is closed is thereby syphoned off to the down pipe, securing
a proper flush.
Another method of effecting the "after flush," in the event of the handle of the
closet not being held up long enough, is by means of the apparatus shewn in
dotted lines, the cylinder H of which has a piston I moving therein, and is con-
nected by the rod J to the lever K. The piston I has an opening L through it,
covered by a relief valve M, and the cylinder is provided with a small aperture N
near the bottom. The action is as follows:-On depressing the lever K so as to
elevate the sucker and waste-preventing valve F, the piston I is depressed in the
cylinder H, the water below the piston escaping through the relief valve M and
aperture N. Should now the lever K be suddenly released before the valve F has
dropped from the sucker, the said valve and sucker are caused to fall gradually
instead of suddenly by the piston I being allowed to rise only in proportion as
water flows through the aperture N into the space in the cylinder below the said
piston I.
In order to prevent the flow of more than the prescribed quantity of
water, the supply from the main to the cistern Y is regulated by the supplementary
valve P placed in the supplementary cistern X containing the ball valve, the
valve P is connected by the rod with the lever K passing through a hole
therein, and having an adjustable nut on its upper end. The spindle B of the
sucker of the waste-preventing valve also passes through a hole in the end of

page_text: the opposite arm of the lever K, and has also an adjustable nut at the top thereof.
The action is as follows:-In the Figure 48 the lever K is shewn partially drawn
down by the wire R so as to allow the valve P to rest on its seat, the opposite
end of the lever K bearing against the nut on the spindle B in readiness to raise
the latter; on continuing to depress the wire end of the lever K the sucker and
valve are raised as usual, the valve P remaining on its seat, and the cistern or
division Y is emptied through the down pipe and no more water can flow until
the wire end of the lover K is released, when the counterbalance weight T falls,
raising the wire end of lever K and with it the valve P, and lowering the valve F
on to its seating if it has not already dropped thereto. The water in the supple-
mentary cistern X now flows through valve P into cistern or division Y. As the
level of the water in cistern X falls, the ball valve opens and admits water until
the level thereof rises high enough in both cisterns to close the ball valve again
when the apparatus is ready for another action.
Figures 50 and 51, Sheet 11, are respectively a section and plan of an arrangement
of cistern to work without a ball valve, and having my waste-preventing valve fitted
therein. The cistern is air-tight, having an air valve K opening inwards at or near
the top, the said valve being inade of light material so as to float. L is the inlet
pipe from the main or other source of supply. The action is as follows:--Supposing
the cistern to be full, on pulling the cranked arm M the spindle N turns in the
stuffing box, and by means of a second crank arm O the sucker A, sucker plate C,
and valve face F are raised and the required quantity of water flows to the down
pipe, air entering through the air valve K. It will be understood that the water
Hows to the down pipe quicker than it enters at L, and when the valve F is closed
the cistern will refill, the water driving the air out at the valve K until the level of
the water rises high enough to cause the air valve K to float and so close the
opening, when the apparatus is ready for another operation.
Figures 54 and 55, Sheet 12, are respectively a section and plan of an arrange-
ment by which a rapid flushing current is obtained automatically at stated intervals,
or otherwise so as not to exceed a fixed maximum quantity each time, in order to
prevent undue waste. The apparatus is shewn in a cistern, which may be of any
suitable material. The supply of water to the said cistern is regulated by means of
an adjustable tap A, so that the cistern may be filled in any stated period of time
as may be desired. C is a valve covering the down pipe; it may be any kind of
valve that may be found suitable, but I prefer one of my sucker waste-preventing
after flush valves, as shewn. B is the spindle by which the valve is operated; Da
slotted link jointed to the said spindle and guided by the cotter pins E, E, in the
cranked lever F; G is a float lever centred at H to the carriage I; it has projecting
pieces or arms J and K. The cranked lever F is also centered at L to the carriage I,
and carries a weight M. on its upright arm. The action is as follows:-Assuming
the cistern to be full so that the float lever G is raised by the float G a little above
the position shewn by full lines, the projection J will have raised the lever arm F
sufficiently to bring the weight M over the centre, from which it will fall into the
position shewn in dotted lines. In taking this position the lever arm F will have
raised the valve C by the link D, and the water will flow down the down pipe;
the ball rod will then fall into the position shewn in dotted lines, and the pro-
jection K on it will have brought the crank lever F into the position shewn in full
lines ready for another operation as soon as the cistern shall be again filled in the
prescribed time through the valve A. In order to complete the action and empty
the cistern I employ, by preference, a syphon arrangement S similar to that before
described in relation to Figures 52 and 53, Sheet 2.
Figures 56 and 57, Sheet 13, represent respectively a section and plan of an
arrangement of apparatus for the same purposes as that last described. A is the
inlet from the main or other source of supply, which may be adjusted by means of
a tap as in the case last described; D is the slotted link as before guided by the
cotter pins E, E, on the float lever G, which is centred at H to the carriage I. The
arm F is connected to the lever G, and has a float M at its lower end. The valve C

page_text: and syphon S are arranged as before described in reference to Figures 54 and 55,
Sheet 12. The action is as follows:-When the water in the cistern rises to a
height sufficient to raise the float G and lever G so as to bring the arm F just
beyond the vertical line of the centre H, the buoyancy of the float M causes the
float lever G and arm F to suddenly assume the position shewn in dotted lines,
thus raising the link D and spindle B, opening the valve C quickly. As the water
flows out at the down pipe the float lever M resumes the position shewn in full
lines, lowering the link D and spindle B, and remains locked in that position until
water again raises the float G2 and lever G as before.
Figure 58, Sheet 14, shews one of my waste-preventing valves fixed in a cistern
and adapted to supply water to the rose R of a shower bath, the pipe S of which
may be of any required length.
Figures 59 and 60, Sheet 14, shew a waste-preventing valve combined with a
syphon applied to the outlet of a bath to prevent waste. C is the waste-preventing
valve fixed in the bottom of a well D connected by a passage E with the bath F;
S is a syphon connected to the under side of the valve seating, as described in
reference to Figures 52 and 53, Sheet 2; B is the handle for raising the valve.
The action is as follows:-Supposing it to be desired to empty the bath the waste-
preventing valve is raised by the handle B, and on the valve returning to its seat
before the bath is emptied the syphon S is brought into action and completes the
emptying. If it be desired to lower the water in the bath without emptying the
latter a plug may be dropped into the passage E to stop the flow, or a small air
cock may be placed in the syphon S to break the syphon action.
Figure 61, Sheet 15, shews how my sucker arrangement may be applied to the
well known screw-down cocks described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
Edward Chrimes, A.D. 1845, No. 10837. A is the sucker; B, the spindle; C, the
valve; D, the inlet; E, the outlet. On raising the spindle by any means the sucker
draws up the valve C and holds it up any pre-arranged time, as before explained.
In this example the valve closes with the stream.
Figure 62, Sheet 15, shews my sucker arrangement applied to a valve closing by
the aid of a diaphragm F against the stream in order to prevent the pressure from
acting upon the stuffing box, being adapted to suit low pressures, the diaphragm F
being intended to partially or wholly equilibriate the pressure of the water on the
face of the valve C.
Figure 63, Sheet 15, shews a similar arrangement adapted for high pressure, a cup
leather F being substituted for the diaphragm.
Figure 64, Sheet 15, shews a sucker arrangement working in conjunction with a
diaphragm F, which keeps the valve closed and retards its closing when opened,
such retardation being regulated by means of a small hole G formed through the
valve spindle K. The valve is closed gradually when liberated from the sucker by
the pressure of water percolating through the hole G in the spindle K to the upper
side of the valve and diaphragm.
Figure 65, Sheet 15, shews a screw-down cock adapted to work with a diaphragm F
for the purpose of dispensing with a stuffing box as described in the Specification of
a Patent granted to Thomas Lambert and Charles William Rowley Rickard,
A.D. 1846, No. 11189, with my sucker A adapted thereto, the said sucker and
diaphragm being by preference formed in one piece of india-rubber.
Figure 66, Sheet 15, shews how my sucker arrangement may be applied in a
moveable casing to operate an ordinary existing valve so as to convert it into a
waste preventer without any alteration to such valve. A is the sucker connected to
the spindle B as before, and contained in a box C connected directly by a rod or
otherwise to the valve to be moved or to one end of the lever D operating it. The
bottom of the box C forms the sucker plate on which the sucker acts as before de-
scribed, and it will be understood that the box C may contain a liquid or air only,
the sucker acting equally well with either.
Figure 67, Sheet 15, shews a waste-preventing valve, worked by the trans-
mission of liquid or fluid pressure to a close fitting piston or plug, having a valve

page_text: attached thereto, which closes slowly or by the movement of a part not connected
to the valve in a manner similar to that described in the Specification of a Patent
granted to W. R. and W. Morris, R. Chrimes, and G. Eskholme, A.D. 1855, No. 1519,
and illustrated in Figure 9 of the Drawing attached thereto, the arrangement being
actuated by my waste-preventing sucker applied in a moveable casing C as in Figure
66 so as to obtain more certainty of action. The action of the apparatus is as
follows: On the sucker A, Figure 66, being raised the moveable box C, which
also serves the purpose of a weight, is likewise raised, and with it the lever D, the
other end of which presses the cap E downwards compressing the elastic ball F and
forcing the fluid or liquid contained therein more or less therefrom, through the
passage G and holes H, H, in the partition (which are covered by the relief valve I)
to the space above the piston J working in the cylinder K, forcing the said piston
downwards and opening thereby the valve L connected to the piston J by the stem
M. Water then flows through the valve L until the sucker A liberates the moveable
box or weight C, the falling of which with its lever D raises the cap E and allows
the elastic ball F to expand and thus to draw up the piston J. Instead of the
elastic ball a second piston may be used in an extension of the cylinder K, and the
inlet and outlet may be reversed.
Figure 68, Sheet, 16, shows the body of what is known as "Underhay's cottage
closet valve," the valve being operated by my sucker and combined with the waste-
preventing bellows described in the Specification of Morris, Morris, Chrimes and
Eskholme above referred to, and shewn at Figures 5 and 6 of the Drawing attached
to the said Specification, the object of the combination being to obtain double security
against waste and the slow closing of the valve. The action is as follows:-On
raising the rod or handle R the bellows E are collapsed and the regulator bellows F
expanded by the air passing from the bellows E through a valve in the partition
between the two bellows, the expansion of the bellows F raises the lever D whereby
the stem B and sucker A with its sucker plate C and valve face F are also raised
and the flow of water through the valve takes place. From the moment of lifting
the rod or handle R the bellows F begin to collapse and the lever D falls gradually
and slowly, closing the valve C, provided the latter has not previously become de-
tached from the sucker. But if the bellows F should fail to collapse, the valve C
will in due time fall from the sucker and close the inlet. Instead of the bellows
arrangement what is known as Underhay's Patent or other suitable regulator may
be combined with my sucker arrangement to effect the slow closing of the valve.
Figure 69, Sheet 16, shews a single bellows and my sucker waste-preventing
valve combined, the arrangement may be used in the position shewn or inverted.
Figure 70, Sheet 15, shews a method of adapting my sucker to work in conjunc-
tion with the valve known as Howard's water bed slow closing regulator closet
valve so as to convert it into a waste preventer. In the Figure the said Howard's
valve is shewn, and consists of a cylinder K and piston J with a valve L connected
to the latter, the object of the piston being to cause the valve to close gradually
without shock or tremor. A is the sucker connected as before to the stem B, and C
is the dished sucker plate on which it acts, screwed to the valve spindle M; on
raising the spindle B and sucker A the piston J and valve N are raised, the water
above the piston escaping through the relief valve N and through the bye pass
O either to the inlet or outlet, as the case may be. If the lever P is held up longer
than is necessary the sucker A liberates the piston J and the latter gradually and
slowly falls closing the valve L, which with the piston J is weighted by a lever Q
or dead weights to suit circumstances.
Figure 71, Sheet 16, shews how my sucker may be applied to the actuating piston
of the waste preventing valve described in the Specification of a Patent granted
to J. G. Jennings and T. Culpin, A.D. 1858, No. 1500, and illustrated in Figure 11,
Sheet 6 of the Drawings attached to the said Specification, the mode of actuating
the said valve being by the displacement of liquids or by suction, or by moving a
part not attached to the said valve. The said waste preventing valve of Jennings
and Culpin is constructed and operates as follows:-In the Figure D is a cylinder, E

page_text: is a moveable slow closing regulating piston provided with a valve at its lower end,
Fan actuating piston capable of being drawn up or pushed down in the cylinder
by the rod B. When the actuating piston F is raised, the water above it is relieved
through an opening above the said piston, and the piston E with its valve is drawn
up by suction and allows the water to flow. As soon as the actuating piston
ceases to rise, the piston and valve E commence to descend in the cylinder slowly
and gradually by reason of water passing from below the piston E to the space
above between it and the actuating piston F. It will be seen that the quantity
of water delivered through this apparatus at each operation is dependant upon the
length of time the valve occupies in falling. By applying my sucker arrangement
to the actuating piston, as shewn at A, the piston and valve E may be held up
stationary by it for a time and then liberated, the piston E being in this case by
preference made a much slacker fit than heretofore, thus facilitating the closing and
obviating the inconvenience of sticking, so common to this class of waste-preventing
valves, in which the action is dependant upon close fitting parts. When em-
ploying this arrangement in cisterns, the bye pass G may be made to act as an air
or overflow pipe to the cistern, and the stuffing box may be dispensed with, leaving
the top open.
Figure 72, Sheet 16, shews part of a similar arrangement having a rigid sucker.
Figures 73, 74 and 75, Sheet 4, are respectively a section, clevation and plan of
my waste-preventing sucker applied to the body of what is known as "Underhay's
cottage closet valve." To the sucker plate C carrying the valve F, I apply the
sucker A, and upon the stem B of the said sucker I apply a cup leather piston or
bucket D to act as a retarder to prevent the sudden fall of the lever E, thereby
effecting an "after flush" in a simple manner, the gradual descent of the piston D
is regulated by the cock F in the bye pass G.
The arrangement shewn in Figures 33, 34 and 35, Sheet 4, is adapted for use in
cisterns. Figures 76, 77 and 78, Sheet 4, are respectively a section, elevation and
plan of the same arrangement as applied to use in pipes. Similar letters refer to
like parts in Figures 33, 34, 35, 76, 77 and 78. The steins B and B¹ pass through
stuffing boxes in the top of the closed casing J, into which the inlet P opens, Qis
the outlet; this arrangement is specially adapted for fixing to pipes under closet
seats and other positions, at a distance from the cistern or other source of supply or
storage.
Figures 79 and 80, Sheet 4, are respectively a section and elevation of my waste-
preventing sucker, similar to that described in reference to Figures 73, 74, and 75,
but without the retarding piston adapted for single flush valves.
Figure 81, Sheet 14, shews the application of a waste-preventing valve to the
outlet of a lavatory basin, whereby the difficulty attending the use of small waste-
preventing cocks to the inlets of such vessels is obviated.
Fig. 82, Sheet 17, is a longitudinal section, Figure 83 a partial cross section;
Figure 84 a plan, and Figure 85 a partial end view of an apparatus in which waste-
preventers are applied to a water cart for the purpose of preventing waste there-
from; D is a casing, by preference immersed in a well in connection with the tank
of the water cart, and containing a series of waste-preventing valves A, A, A, with
appropriate seatings E, E, E. The said valves may be of any suitable kind, but I
employ by preference my herein-before described sucker valves; the stems B, B, B,
of the valves are actuated by any suitable mechanical means, such for example as
connecting rods F, F, F, and cranks G, G, G, on a shaft H which is caused to
revolve slowly by gearing or otherwise connected to the wheel or wheels of a water
cart, or to a supplementary wheel attached thereto, the actuating mechanism of the
valves should be so arranged as to actuate each waste-preventing valve in succession.
I is the foot valve, the inlet to which may may be varied as required. The apparatus
acts as follows:-When the water cart remains stationary the valves A, A, A, are
closed, and it will be impossible to empty it, but when the cart is set in motion the
shaft rotates, giving motion to the waste-preventing valves, each of which in its
turn allows water to flow through its seat, but all closing when the water cart stops.

page_text: Figure 86, Sheet 15, shews an arrangement whereby my sucker valve is actuated
by the transmission of liquid pressure in a manner similar to that described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to T. Bell, and R. Chrimes, A.D. 1853, No. 445,
and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5, Sheet 1, of the Drawings appended thereto for
use in connection with mains for the purpose of giving an intermittant supply
to a number of service pipes, D is a cylinder provided with a water inlet E and
outlet F, also with a bye pass passage G, H is a valve of any suitable character
commanding the outlet but connected to my sucker A. I is a piston fitting loosely
in the cylinder, carrying on its upper surface a valve face J and attached to its
lower surface a sucker plate C, by preference of a dished shape as shewn. L is a
small valve to cover the opening M, and regulated by a screw N. The action
is as follows: Assuming the valve L to be closed over the opening M and the
piston I, and dished sucker plate C to be resting on the sucker A, and the pressure
on at the inlet E. On opening the valve L the rush of water will carry up the
piston I, taking with it by means of the sucker A the valve H until the valve
face J covers the opening M. The sucker A will then adhere to the sucker plate C
for a regulated period of time, when it will fall and the valve H will be closed
cutting off the flow, the piston I remains pressed by the pressure of water against
the opening M until the valve L is again closed, causing an equilibrium of pressure
above and below the piston I, when the latter falls on to the sucker ready for
another operation.
Figure 87, Sheet 18, shews an arrangement similar to that last described, but
adapted with a partition P in which may be formed an orifice Q, the size of which
may be adjusted by a screw R, in order to regulate the speed of the water passing
through the said orifice, or the same effect may be produced by regulating the
size of the hole through which the stem or rod B passes. It will be seen that in
this case the sucker A is attached to the piston I by the rod B. The object of this
arrangement is to prevent the too rapid rise of the piston I, the speed being regu-
lated by contracting or enlarging the passage in the partition P. Similar letters
refer to like parts in both Figures 86 and 87.
Figure SS, Sheet 15, shews another arrangement of sucker valve, which I some-
times prefer to employ in the body of the apparatus shewn at Figure 80, Sheet 15,
which consists in applying between one or more diaphragmns or suckers A, two
plain surfaces B and C.
Figure 89, Sheet 2, shews a sucker valve A formed of two flat surfaces A and C,
such surfaces being formed of any suitable material.
Figure 90, Sheet 15, shews the relief valve described in reference to Figures 8 and
11, Sheet 1, applied to a waste-preventing tap which closes with a diaphragm
adapted for high pressures.
The improvements in my water frugal herein-before referred to as Patented by
me 3rd July 1871, No. 1716, relate to apparatus of the kind referred to in the
Specifications of Patents granted to me, dated respectively the 25th September 1872,
No. 2838, and the 2nd May 1873, No. 1579.
Figures 91, 92, and 93, Sheet 2, are respectively a vertical and two horizontal
sections, shewing the present improvements for use in cisterns. Figures 94, 95,
and 96 are similar views of a modification of the same, adapted for use in connexion
with service pipes, and Figures 97, 98, and 99 are similar views of another modifi-
cation of the same. Similar letters refer to like parts in each of the Figures from
91 to 99.
A in Figure 91 refers to the openings or strainers in the case by which the water
enters, in the case of Figures 94, 96, 97, and 99 that letter refers to the inlet from
the service pipes, B is the outlet, C the retarding valve, 1) the carrier adapted to
operate within the retarding valve, E the locomotive clack. The action is quite
similar to that of my well known water frugal valve and may shortly be described
as follows: The water enters under pressure by the passage A and passes through
the seating of the weighted retarding valve C, at the same time a portion of the
water entering at A finds its way by the opening F beneath the carrier D, which

page_text: works in the cylindrical cavity in the retarding valve C, as shewn, the carrier D
and with it the locomotive clack E are thereby gradually raised, and within a pre-
arranged time, dependant upon the size of the opening F and the fit of the carrier
D in the cavity of the retarding valve, the said locomotive clack is carried up so as
to close the outlet opening B, and thus stop the supply. When this is effected, the
pressure above and below the carrier D becomes equalized, and it falls in the
cylindrical cavity leaving the locomotive clack held against the opening B by
the pressure of the water behind it. So long as the tap in the outlet B is left open,
no more water can pass the locomotive clack into the said outlet except the small
quantity which leaks through a very small opening H, which I sometimes provide
in its seat for a purpose which I will now describe. As soon as the tap in the
outlet opening B is shut, the small quantity of water leaking through the said
opening left in the seat of the locomotive clack or between the surfaces of the
seating and face of such clack begins to accumulate in the outlet opening until
the pressure therein becomes the same as that in the service pipe or in the cistern,
which is assisted by the hole G through the carrier D, and the locomotive clack
then falls away from its seating against the outlet opening B and on to the carrier
D ready for a fresh measured quantity of water to be drawn off. If preferred, the
carrier D may be dispensed with, and the locomotive clack alone employed, it being
in that case made to fit the cavity of the retarding valve with sufficient accuracy to
ensure being forced up within the proper time to cut off the supply when the
proper quantity has passed. It will be seen that the action of the apparatus is
dependant upon the difference between the pressure in the service pipe and in the
outlet.
Figures 100, 101, and 102, Sheet 18, shew respectively a section elevation and
plan of my water frugal valve arranged to work without the carrier, the locomotive
clack E being attached to a diaphragm D, which is secured at its edges to the
retarding valve plate C¹, which I prefer to form of a shape similar to that of the
sucker plate herein-before described in connexion with my sucker waste-preventing
valve. C is the retarding valve face, K its seating, A the inlet, B the outlet; La
casing, enclosing the moving parts of the apparatus; F is a small hole leading
through the retarding valve from the inlet to the space J, between the retarding
valve plate C and the diaphragm D. The action is as follows:-As soon as the
pressure in the apparatus is relieved by opening a tap or taps in the pipe leading
from the outlet B, the water at the inlet A forces open the retarding valve C, and
passes off at B, at the same time a portion of the water entering at A finds its way
by the hole F to the under side of the diaphragm D in consequence of the retard-
ation of the flow of water through valve C by the weight of such valve, the
pressure of water below the diaphragm being greater than that above it, the loco-
motive clack E rises and closes the aperture B, thus stopping the flow of water
from the outlet of the frugal. On shutting the tap or taps in the pipes leading
from B, the parts are restored slowly to the positions shewn in the Figure 100 in a
manner similar to that described in reference to Figures 91 to 99.
Figures 103, 104, and 105, Sheet 18, shew a similar arrangement, but having the
locomotive clack detached from the diaphragm, so that instead of the parts being
restored slowly to their positions after acting, they are restored quickly by reason
of the hole or seating M in the centre of the diaphragm, which causes the action to
be similar to that described in reference to Figures 91, 94, and 97.
Figure 106, Sheet 14, shews the application of one of the before-mentioned water
frugal valves working with a carrier fixed to a series of pipes supplying, for example,
a lavatory, basin, or bath with cold water.
Figure 107, Sheet 14, shews my water frugal valve arranged to work without
the carrier, and with the locomotive clack working within the retarding valve, and
applied to supply, for example, a bath and lavatory basin with hot water.
the outlet, C the retarding valve, and F the locomotive clack.
B is
Figure 108, Sheet 14, shews my hydrostatic self-closing supply valve, described
in reference to Figure 38, Sheet 5, applied to prevent the overflowing of a bath,

page_text: sometimes fixed in conjunction with one of my before-named water frugals as
Figure 106.
Figures 109, 110, and 111, Sheet 3, are respectively a section, elevation, and plan
of my before-mentioned improved water frugal, working with retarding valve,
carrier, and locomotive clack, arranged to form a waste-preventing tap. The letters
of reference in this Figure are similar to and refer to parts similar to those in
Figures 91 to 99, Sheet 2. It will be seen that the outlet B is governed by a
valve N, which takes the place of the tap or taps herein-before referred to as being
applied to pipes in connexion with the outlet B, and performs similar functions.
Figures 112, 113, and 114, Sheet 3, are respectively a section, elevation, and plan
of a similar arrangement, but working without the carrier. Similar letters refer to
like parts in Figures 109 to 114.
In Sheet 19, Figure 115 is a section, Figure 116 a plan, and Figures 117 and 118
partial sections, shewing my improvements in the construction of the "two gallon
London closet valve waste-preventing cistern," herein-before referred to. A is the
cistern divided into two boxes, an upper one marked B, and a lower one marked C,
by a partition D, the said partition resting upon a ledge E carried round the cistern,
the said partition being fixed by a bolt F and nut G. The upper box is to be
supplied with water slowly by any suitable means, the lower box receiving its
supply from the upper through any of my hollow spindles and valve boxes, as H in
the Figure, when the outlet valve J is shut. When the inlet valve K is shut and
the outlet opened, a syphon I, which is formed by preference in the angle of the
cistern, establishes communication between the upper and lower boxes, and the
water is drawn from the upper to the lower box in proportion as it runs out from
the lower at the down pipe until the top box is emptied. When this is effected the
syphon communication becomes broken by reason of the supply to the cistern not
delivering water to it as quickly as the down pipe withdraws it, and the lower box
draws air through the syphon, which allows the water contained in the said lower
box to flow likewise therefrom to the down pipe. Should the valve J be slightly
raised, no more than the water in the lower box C can flow to the down pipe,
because in that case the rush of water down it is not sufficient to start syphon I in
action by reason of the small hole M. supplying sufficient air through the syphon to
allow the bottom box to empty without starting the said syphon, and therefore
without emptying the upper box. In order to convert this arrangement into an
"after flush," in the event of the valve J being closed before the cistern is emptied,
I use a second syphon L, Figure 118, which takes all the water out of the cistern
and delivers it to the down pipe at P below the valve seating. Figure 118 also
shews how the syphon may be formed by placing a tube I closed at the upper end
over the air pipe N.
Figures 119 to 125, Sheet 20, shew an arrangement of the London closet valve
with the improved after-flush syphons and a small starting box as shewn. The
letters of reference in these Figures, similar to those in Figures 115 to 118, refer to
similar parts. In this arrangement I may dispense with the partition D shewn in
Figure 115, and employ instead thereof a small starting box C in communication
with the down pipe. Figure 119 is a section, Figure 120 plan, Figure 121 angular
section, shewing the water passages; Figure 122 elevation of the after-flusli syphon
as formed in the angle of the cistern; Figure 123 transverse section through starting
box; Figure 124 section through ventilating pipe at X; Figure 120 and Figure 125
view of under side of cistern.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to or may be performed, I would have it understood that I make no
claim to the application of a concave or convex sucker to the purpose of elevating
a valve connected with a moveable guide or casings, as I am aware that such a
sucker has before been applied to that purpose; but what I do claim is―
Firstly. The application and use of a flat sucker for the purpose of raising in
contact therewith and sustaining a valve (or instrument connected with a valve) for
B

page_text: a certain length of time, and then liberating the same so as to constitute a waste-
preventing apparatus, as described.
Secondly. The application and use of a flat sucker for the purpose of raising and
sustaining a moveable guide box or casing having a valve attached thereto, for the
purpose of a waste preventer.
Thirdly. The application and use of a sucker of any suitable shape for raising a
valve in a fixed guide box or casing, whether employed in connection with cisterns
or pipes.
Fourthly. The use of a weight above the sucker for the purpose of facilitating its
attachment to the valve or sucker plate, as described and shewn.
Fifthly. The construction, arrangement, and combination of valve seating with
seating ring and casing, as described and illustrated and for the purposes set forth.
Sixthly. The arrangement of sucker and sucker plate, whereby the sucker is
made to serve both as a sucker and as a valve, as described and shewn in Figure 19,
Sheet 2.
Seventhly. The employment of two or more diaphragms acting together for the
purpose of securing increased certainty of separation, as described in reference to
Figure 22, Sheet 2.
Eighthly. The application and use of a relief and retarding valve, substantially
as described and in the various manners illustrated.
Ninthly. The adaptation of a fixed diaphragm so as to act as a sucker, substan-
tially as described and illustrated in Figures 24 and 30, Sheet 3.
Tenthly. The arrangement of parts shewn in Figure 30, Sheet 3, whereby the
retarding and actuating liquid is retained in the casing of the apparatus so as to be
used over and over again.
Eleventhly. The arrangement of the two waste-preventing valves acting in concert
in one case so as to produce a single and after-flush action, as described and illus-
trated in Figures 33, 34, 35, 76, 77, and 78, Sheet 4.
Twelfthly. The hydrostatic supply valve constructed, arranged, and adapted
substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 38, Sheet 5.
Thirteenthly. The combination of my self-closing waste-preventing valve with a
syphon and service box, for ensuring a proper flush of water, substantially as
described and illustrated in Figure 41, Sheet 6.
Fourteenthly. The employment of a thimble for the protection of the cup leather
in a ball valve, as described and illustrated in Figure 41b, Sheet 6.
Fifteenthly. The combination of my inferential or self-closing waste-preventing
valve with a capacity measuring box for fixing in cisterns under water, as described
and illustrated in Figures 42 and 43, Sheet 7.
Sixteenthly. The combination and arrangement of parts for preventing the waste
of water in the event of the waste-preventing valve not acting, substantially as
described and illustrated in Figures 44 and 45, Sheet 8, and Figures 46 and 47,
Sheet 9.
Seventeenthly. The combination of my waste-preventing valve with a retarding
apparatus for the purpose of producing the after-flush action, as described and
illustrated in Figures 48 and 49, Sheet 10.
Eighteenthly. The combination of my waste-preventing valve with a supple-
mentary valve working in a supplementary cistern, for the purpose of preventing
the flow of more than a prescribed quantity of water at each operation.
Nineteenthly. The combination and arrangement of my waste-preventing valve
working in a closed measuring chamber, with shut-off air valve and open inlet, as
described and illustrated in Figures 50 and 51, Sheet 11, and for the purpose set
forth.
Twentiethly. The several combinations of a waste-preventing or other valve
with the various actuating parts and adjustable inlet valve, as described and
illustrated in Figures 54 and 55, Sheet 12, and Figures 56 and 57, Sheet 13, and
for the purposes set forth.

page_text: Twenty-firstly. The application and use of a self-closing waste-preventing valve
with or without a syphon, to the outlet of a bath or lavatory basin, as described
and illustrated in Figures 50 and 60, Sheet 14, and Figure 81, Sheet 14.
Twenty-secondly. The application and use of waster-preventer valves to a water
cart, substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 82 to 85, Sheet 17.
Twenty-thirdly. The various combinations, arrangements, and adaptations of the
flat suckers with sucker plates, moveable pistons, diaphragms, and valves, herein-
before described.
Twenty-fourthly. The arrangement and adaption of water frugals so that the
locomotive clack and carrier, or the locomotive clack alone, are made to work
inside the retarding valve or without the carrier by means of diaphragm, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated in Figures 91 to 107, and Figures 109 to 114.
Twenty-fifthly. The construction and adaptation of the cisterns of the London
closet valve, as described and illustrated in the Figures comprising Sheets 19
and 20.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip John Davies, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
O Witness,
5
W. H. BECK,
Consulting Engineer,
139, Cannon Street,
London,
E.C.
PHILIP JOHN DAVIES. (L.S.)