IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR CUTTING CHAPP
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Savory, Engineer, of the City of Gloucester,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING GRAIN AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR CUTTING CHAPP."
Sealed the 15th October 1855, and dated the 19th April 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Savory at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1855.
I, WILLIAM SAVORY, Engineer, of the City of Gloucester, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING
GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR CUTTING CHAFF," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a peculiar combination of mechanical parts into
a machine for crushing grain and other substances, and for cutting chaff. For
this purpose a grooved pulley is mounted on an axis carried by a suitable
frame, and it receives motion by a band or strap from any first mover, or the
power may be applied to the axis by a crank handle or otherwise. On either
side of this pulley and near the periphery are placed two rollers (cylindrical or
conical, grooved or plain), which are pressed up to the sides of the pulley by
springs or otherwise, so that by the rotation of the pulley the two crushing
rollers will be put in motion by surface contact with the sides of the pulley,

page_text: and grain or other substances introduced by a suitable hopper or hoppers
will be crushed. The axis of the pulley may also bo caused to carry cutters,
and to give motion to straw, hay, and substances to be cut into chafl'; or this
part of the combination may be dispensed with.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Savory in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th October 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
SAVORY, Engineer, of the City of Gloucester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Savory, Her special licence that I, the said William
Savory, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Savory, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING GRAIN AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, AND FOR CUTTING CHAFF,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Savory, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Savory, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say):
This Invention consists in a peculiar combination of mechanical parts into a
machine for crushing grain and other substances, and for cutting chaff. For
this purpose a grooved pulley is mounted on an axis carried by a suitable

page_text: frame, and it receives motion by a band or strap from any first mover, or the
power may be applied to the axis by a crank handle or otherwise. On either
side of this pulley and near the periphery are placed two rollers (cylindrical or
couical, grooved or plain), which are pressed up to the sides of the pulley by
springs or otherwise, so that by the rotation of the pulley the two crushing
rollers will be put in motion by surface contact with the sides of the pulley,
and grain or other substances introduced by a suitable hopper or hoppers will
be crushed. The axis of the pulley may also be caused to carry cutters, and
to give motion to straw, hay, and substances to be cut into chaff; or this part
of the combination may be dispensed with.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 is an end elevation, and Figure 3 is a side
elevation, of a machine combined according to the Invention. The same letters
in each Figure refer to the same parts. Upon a cast-iron or other suitable
frame a, supported by iron legs b, b, are fixed metal bearings for carrying
the axes of all the rollers and moving parts of the machine. c is a large
pulley, which can be driven by a strap passing over its central periphery
between the flanges, or it can be driven by a crank handle attached to its
axis, or by other suitable means; d and e are two crushing rollers, one of
which is shewn to be cylindrical and the other conical, but they may be both
cylindrical or conical, the side surfaces of the pulley or disc being made
accordingly. Between the surfaces of the rollers d, e, and the surfaces of
contact or contiguity of the disc or pulley c, the substance to be crushed must
pass, and these surfaces can be made either so as perfectly to roll upon each
other without slipping or grinding, as shown at e, or they may be made so as
to slip or grind partially upon each other, as shown at d, and the surfaces may
be made smooth or rough, according to the nature of the operation required.
Over the rollers d and e are placed suitable hoppers f, f, to receive the grain
or substance to be crushed. 9, 9, are set screws, which regulate the amount
of crushing action; h, h, are springs which are pressed by the set screws g,g,
against the bearing blocks i, i, i, i, of the rollers d and e; j, j. j,
are three
knives (such
as are commonly used for cutting chaff) fixed upon the three
arms of the disc or pulley; k is a worm which advances the straw or other
substance to be cut towards the knives j, j, by means of the worm wheels and
rollers 1, 1, a suitable box or trough being placed as usual to receive the

page_text: straw and conduct it to the rollers l. These parts are similar to an ordinary
cbaff-cutting machine, which may, when the machine is not required to have
the two-fold use described; be dispensed with, and the crushing machine mado
alone.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details; but what I
claim is combining mechanical parts as herein described...
. In witness whereof, I, the said William Savory, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.”
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
WILLIAM SAVORY. (L.S.)