IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR CARD BOARD BOXES AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANU- FACTURE
Year: 1885

page_text: I ALFRED FREDERICK BIRD of Nos 63, 64 and 65 Moor Street Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR CARD BOARD
BOXES AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANU-
FACTURE" to be as follows:-
My invention has reference principally to paper or cardboard boxes of a cylindrical
figure and to boxes elliptical in cross section.
My invention is however also applicable to boxes square in cross section and to
other forms having plain sides but with the angles rounded.
I will describe the manufacture of a cylindrical box in connection with the
machinery or apparatus I employ.
I make the box of three parts namely a cylindrical body a cap forming the cover
of the box and a similar cap forming the bottom of the box the latter being secured
by glue or other adhesive material to one end of the body. The body is made
from straw board or other card or millboard in the ordinary way. The caps con-
stituting the top and bottom of the box are made from circular discs of the said
board the marginal portions being damped by means of an annular damper and
the said damped discs being operated upon by machinery or apparatus constituting
part of my invention.
The said machinery or apparatus consists essentially of a press and appliances
The lower or fixed die bas a
constructed essentially in the following manner
central cylindrical opening of the same diameter as the exterior of the cap to be
made. On the upper face of the said die is a shallow depression concentric with
the cylindrical opening The damped cardboard disc is placed in the said recess
with its damp face downwards A presser plate pressing upon the marginal portions
of the disc is operated by cams on the principal shaft of the press. A cylindrical
plunger descending carries the disc into the cylindrical opening in the die the
puckering of the damped marginal portions being prevented by the action of the
presser plate. The said damped marginal portions of the disc are compressed

page_text: between the plunger and the interior of the die and formed into a cylindrical rim.
The die is surrounded by a jacket or casing through which a stream of steam or
hot water is passed which heats the die the heating of the said die facilitating the
compression of the marginal portions of the disc and preventing any tendency to
a change in the figure which has been given to it.
The cap thus formed is carried by the descent of the plunger below three spring
projections constituting a stripper off into a bottom receiving die forming a con-
tinuation of the cylindrical opening in the lower die. As the plunger rises the
cap is stripped from off it or is prevented from rising by the stripper off and
remains suspended in the bottom receiving die until it is pushed lower down
therein by the cap next formed. The said bottom receiving die is surrounded by
a jacket or casing through which a current of steam or hot water is passed and
by the heat of the said bottom receiving die the several caps as they slowly descend
in it are dried and fall from the bottom of the said die.
The press may either be worked by hand or by steam or other power and the
caps forming the lid. and bottom of the box may be embossed or otherwise
ornamented.

page_text: Boxes and in Machinery or Apparatus to be Employed in
the said Manufacture.
I ALFRED FREDERICK BIRD of Nos 63, 64 and 65 Moor Street, Birmingham in
the County of Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER OR CARD-BOARD BOXES
AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFAC-
TURE" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My Invention has reference principally to Paper or Cardboard boxes of a Cylin-
drical figure and to boxes elliptical in cross section.
My Invention is however also applicable to boxes square in cross section and to
other forms having plain sides but with the angles rounded.
I will describe the Manufacture of a Cylindrical box in connection with the
Machinery or Apparatus I employ.
I make the box of three parts, namely a cylindrical body, a cap forming the
cover of the box and a similar cap forming the bottom of the box the latter being
secured by glue or other adhesive material to one end of the body.
The body is made from straw board or other card or Mill Board in the ordinary
way The Caps constituting the top and bottom of the box are made from circular
discs of the said board, the marginal portions being damped by means of an annular
damper and the said damped discs being operated upon by Machinery or Apparatus
constituting part of my. Invention.
I
The said Machinery or Apparatus consists essentially of a press and appliances
constructed essentially in the following manner. The lower or fixed die bas
a central cylindrical opening of the same diameter as the exterior of the cap to be
made. On the upper face of the said die is a shallow depression concentric with
the cylindrical opening.
The damped Cardboard disc is placed in the said recess with its damp face
uppermost. A pressure plate pressing upon the marginal portions of the disc is
operated from the principal shaft of the press. A cylindrical plunger descending
carries the disc into the cylindrical opening in the die the puckering of the damped
marginal portions being prevented by the action of the presser plate. The said
damped marginal portions of the disc are compressed between the plunger and the
interior of the die and formed into a cylindrical rim. The die is surrounded by a
jacket or casing through which a stream of steam or hot water is passed which
heats the die, the heating of the said die facilitating the compression of the mar-
ginal portions of the disc and preventing any tendency to a change in the figure
which has been given to it.
:
:

page_text: The Cap thus formed is carried by the descent of the plunger below a shoulder
in the die or below three spring projections constituting a stripper off into a bottom
receiving die forming a continuation of the cylindrical opening in the lower die
As the plunger rises the cap is stripped from off it or is prevented from rising by
the shoulder or stripper off and remains suspended in the bottom receiving die
until it is pushed lower down therein by the cap next formed. By the heat of the
bottom receiving die, the several caps as they slowly descend in it are dried and
fall from the bottom of the said die.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a Cylindrical Paper or Card-
board box made according to my invention. The said box consists of a cylindrical
body a made from strawboard or other card or millboard and end caps b. c made
from circular discs of the same material as the body a the said caps b, c being made
by the machinery or apparatus hereinafter described.
The end cap b forms the cover or lid of the box and the other end cap c the
bottom of the box the said bottom cap c being secured upon the body a by glue or
other adhesive material.
Figure 2 represents in plan and figure 3 in Section one of the end caps b or c
separately and Figure 4 represents the circular disc of Strawboard card or Mill-
board from which the cap Figure 2 and 3 is made.
Figure 5 represents in elevation, the annular damper which I use for damping
the marginal portion of the disc and Figure 6 is a plan of the underside of the
damper. The said damper consists of a circular base d provided with a handle e.
On the marginal part of the circular base d a ring of felt or other like absorbent
material f is fixed as best seen in Figure 6. The said felt Ring f constitutes the
acting part of the annular damper. I prefer to place the discs to be damped in
a circular box g as represented in Figure 5. the damper acting upon the top disc of
the pile, and to damp the discs by means of a solution of Soap in water.
The marginally damped dises are one by one operated upon by the press or
machinery represented in front elevation, partly in section, in Figure 7 and vertical
section of the dies or tools, drawn to a larger scale in Figure 8.
Figure 9 represents a horizontal Section of the lower or fixed die and jacket
and figure 10 a vertical Section of the plunger or upper die or tool; Figure 11
represents a plan of underside of the presser plate and
Figure 12 represents a sectional diagram of one side of the lower or fixed die on
a large scale.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 7. 8. 9. 10. 11
and 12.
h, 2 is the lower or fixed die surrounded by the jacket or casing i through
which hot water (or steam) is passed by the pipe 2, the said pipe being in com-
munication with an ordinary hot water heating apparatus. By means of the hot
water (or steam) circulating in the jacket i the die h, h² is heated. The parts h, 1²
of the die are of slightly different diameters internally, the upper or shaping
parth being of less diameter than the bottom or cap receiving part 2 of the die.
The shoulder at the junction of the parts of the die of different diameters, is
situated at about the middle of the die and acts as a stripper off as hereinafter
explained, but spring strippers may be employed. The shoulder in the die is
represented exaggerated in size in the enlarged diagram Figure 12 and is marked h³.
The said shoulder h³ is so small that it cannot be satisfactorily represented in
Figures 7 and 8. At the mouth of the die h is a shallow depression concentric
with the cylindrical opening in the said die; is the cylindrical plunger secured to
the slide m of the machine the said slide being operated by a Crank or Cam on
the shaft of the machine. The lower or acting portion of the plunger is hollow
(see Figure 10) and has at the top of the hollow part a vent hole 12 through which
any air forced into the plunger may escape. The acting or cupping end of the
plunger is made of nickel silver or other non-ozodizable metal marked (3 to prevent
the said end rusting or discolouring the disc operated upon.

page_text: The Nickel silver end of the plunger is secured to the plunger in the manner
represented in Figure 10-or two screw pins may be used to fix the said end ;
n. is the presser plate within which the plunger l. slides. The underface of the said
presser plate has a figure the counterpart of that of the depression . in the die h.
and when the presser plate is in its fully lowered position, it fills up. the said
depression (see Figure 7). On the upper side of the presser plate n. is a guide p.
and upon the said guide is a heavy weight q. shown only in Figure 7. The lifting
of the presser plate n. and parts carried by it is effected by the slide m. acting
upon the adjustable nuts r. r. (see Figure 8) at the top of the rods s. s.-the said
nuts r. resting upon the top of the slide m. during portions of the stroke of the
plunger. The plunger l. and presser plate n. descend in the relative positions
represented in Figure 8 and on the pressure plate n. reaching and resting upon the
die . the plunger l. advances through the said presser plate into the die h for
effecting the cupping operation. As the plunger advances into the die, the slide m.
retires from the nuts 7. r. and the now unsupported presser plate n. bears by its
own weight and the weight of the parts p. q carried by it upon the disc under
operation.
The action of the machinery is as follows
The cardboard disc having been damped in the manner hereinbefore described is
placed with its damped face uppermost in the shallow depression k. in the upper
face of the fixed die h. The pressure plate n. first descending presses upon the
damped marginal portion of the disc and the cylindrical plunger following carries
the said disc into the cylindrical opening in the die h. thereby compressing the
damped marginal part of the disc between the plunger and the interior of the die
and forming on the disc a cylindrical rin and converting the disc-into a cap as
represented in figure 7. As the plunger carries the disc into the die h. the
puckering of the damped portion of the disc is prevented by the action of the
pressure plate n. The cap thus formed is carried by the descent of the plunger l.
below the shoulder h³ in the interior of the die and into the bottom receiving die h²
of larger diameter in which part h² the rim of the cap expands. As the plunger l.
rises the cap is stripped from off it by the shoulder h³ and is thereby prevented
from being carried up with the plunger. The stripped off cap remains suspended
in the bottom receiving die 2 until it is pushed lower down therein by the cap
next formed. By the heat of the bottom receiving die h² the several caps as they
slowly descend in it are dried and fall from or are pushed out of the bottom of the
die and passing through the opening t in the bed plate of the machine are received
in a receptacle placed under the said plate as will be understood by an examination
of figure 7.
The machine or press may either be worked by hand or by steam or other power
and the caps forming the lid and bottom of the box may be embossed or otherwise
ornamented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that
I claim as my Invention of " Improvements in the manufacture of paper or
Card-board boxes and in machinery or apparatus to be employed in the said
manufacture"
First. Manufacturing paper or card-board boxes by pressing marginally damped
paper or card-board discs into shallow caps, one of the said shallow caps being
attached to the bottom of a tubular body of paper or card board, the said attached
cap constituting the bottom of the box and another of the said caps forming the
lid or cover of the box as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1. 2. 3
and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. The annular damper hereinbefore described and illustrated in figures 5
and 6 of the accompanying drawings for damping the marginal portion of the
paper or cardboard discs to be made into the caps herein before referred to.

page_text: Thirdly. The combination of the heated lower die, constructed as described and
illustrated with the weighted pressure plate and plunger for cupping the marginally
damped discs and for stripping the caps from off the plunger and drying or partially
drying the said caps substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 7 to 12 both inclusive of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 28th day of October 1885.