Improvements in Locknuts, Bolts, and Fastenings, Specially Applicable to Rail and Tramway Joints.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Aug., 1889-Accepted 7th Sept., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Locknuts, Bolts, and Fastenings, Specially
Applicable to Rail and Tramway Joints.
I, ALFRED ROBERTO PULLIN of Sydney in the Colony of New South Wales, Artist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has been devised in order to provide means by which couplings or
splicings of rails or any joints or fastenings in iron or woodwork may be made secure
and free from the danger caused by the bolts becoming loose.
These improvements in lock nuts bolts and fastenings specially applicable to rail
and tramway joints consist in the special constructions of the bolts and nuts and
washers and their peculiar combination with one another and with the materials which
are being jointed or fastened together.
By this invention the jointing or coupling of rails is made with or without fish
plates the bolts having on their body or shank next to the head a shouldered portion
formed by enlarging the shank at that part and flattening two sides of such
enlargement and having also their screwed part similarly shouldered enlarged and
flattened. These bolts take into the holes in the parts to be jointed slotted holes
being provided for the enlarged flattened parts. A washer or latch is also used
which has a slotted hole so that it may be inserted over the enlarged flattened
screwed end of the bolt and yet take firmly over the shank or body of the bolt
between the shoulder on the bolt and the material to be fastened. On this washer
are lugs and these lugs are sometimes hinged. The nut bas notches or recesses
into which the lugs of the washer after the nut is tightened may be driven or
hinged. A modified construction of the bolt only provides grooves or recesses in
the body or shank for the reception of one or more washers.
The washers may
be made in the form of a plate to take over two or any number of bolts.
But in order that my invention may be clearly understood reference will now
be made to the drawings herewith in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a
Railway joint made according to this invention. Figures 2, 3, and 4 are repre-
sentations respectively of a bolt a washer and a nut constructed according to
these present improvements. Figures 5 and 6 show modified constructions of bolts.
Figure 7 shows a washer with hinged spring lugs. Figures 8 and 9 show washer
plates for a series of bolts. Similar letters of reference denote corresponding parts
throughout all the figures.
A A are rails. BB are fish plates. Care slotted holes of fish plate. D is
shank of bolt. D flattened enlargement of shank and D flattened and enlarged
end on which is the thread. D³ is recess or groove. E is washer. E' slotted
hole of inverted T shape. E lugs. E notch. E jack-knife hinge. F is nut.
F F F F notches or recesses. .
In practice the rails A A* and fish plates B B are first temporarily bolted
together by ordinary bolts then a bolt such as that shown in Figure 2 is passed
through one of the holes or perforations in the fish plate B* thence through the
rail and lastly through the fish plate B as shown at C (Figure 1) the enlarged
portion D fitting closely into a corresponding perforation C in the fish plate B×
after which a sliding washer E preferably slightly tapered in thickness is passed
over the enlarged shouldered end of the bolt and wedged down (as shown at C
Figure 1) fitting tightly between the fish plate and shoulders of the enlarged
screwed end of the bolt thereby securely locking the bolt even without the assis-
tance of the nut. After the sliding washer has been properly adjusted the nut F
is screwed up (as shown at Cª in Figure 1).

page_text: After all the bolts are similarly inserted it would be better to make sure that
the nuts have been screwed up as tightly as possible after which the lugs E2 are
turned into the notches F1 F or F F by being bent into or over said notches
and inwardly towards the hole of the nut. This firmly locks the nut preventing
it from stripping or turning.
The sliding wasber being behind the shoulders of the enlarged screwed end of
the bolt takes off a greater part of the strain usually and unavoidably put upon
ordinary nuts and said washer is prevented from turning round by its square base or
foot fitting closely down on to the base or bottom of the rail. It will be
seen that the bolts Figures 5 and 6 may also be used in like manner
that shown in Figure 5 being flattened throughout and of a uniform thickness
would fit closely throughout the hole or perforation. Figure being rounded
throughout would be suitable for round or drilled holes and is prevented from turning
round by a washer slipped into squared recess or groove D into which the sliding
washer fits while both bolts are locked by means of the lugs and notches on said washer.
Figure 7 shows the construction of washer with jack-knife hinged lugs for joints
which require to be occasionally unfastened. These washers have notches in their
outer edges or faces to enable them to be easily lifted by a lever &c. if required from
behind the shoulders of the screw end of bolt. Figure 8 shows a plate specially useful
for girder or bridge work &c. it may be of any desired shape and have any number of
holes E and lugs E with or without springs or hinges. Figure 9 shows a plate
suitable for cylinder ends &c. it is provided with lugs E³. G are bolt holes. Gl nut
with notches G².
These improved lock nuts bolts and fastenings may be used for all kinds of boltings
in machinery Railway Bridge, Girder or other constructions where firm fastenings are
required.
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise constructions
of parts and the precise manner shown and described of carrying my invention into
effect so long as the nature thereof be retained, but,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The bolt with enlarged end near head and enlarged screw end (the shank or
body being smaller section) fitting holes in the rails or parts to be held together sub-
stantially as herein described and explained.
Second. The bolt with enlarged head end and enlarged screw end (and smaller
shank) with said enlarged ends flattened on one two or more sides substantially
as herein described and explained.
Third. The modified construction of bolt in which the smaller shank or body (either
circular or other section) is of such comparatively small length that it forms a groove
or recess one two or more of which grooves or recesses may be placed within the
length of the bolt substantially as herein described and explained.
Fourth. Tho combination and arrangement with shouldered or recessed bolts as
herein before claimed of a washer or equivalent to be inserted or take over the enlarged
end of the bolt and to take between the shoulder and the parts to be bolted substan-
tially as herein described and explained.
Fifth. Lugs or recesses on or within the before claimed washers which take into or
receive like recesses or lugs upon the nuts of said bolts said lugs if preferred being
jack-knife hinged to their main parts substantially as herein described and explained.
Sixth. The combination and arrangement of the mechanical parts and instrumen-
talities substantially as hercin respectively described and explained and as illustrated
in the drawings.
Dated this Twenty second day of June One thousand eight hundred and eighty-