IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANILINE, NAPTHYLAMINE, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS BODIES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING FINELY DIVIDED METALLIC IRON FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dale, of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Manufacturing Chemist, and Gustav Bischof, junior, of Swansea,
in the County of Glamorgan, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANILINE, NAPTHYLAMINE, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS
BODIES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING FINELY DIVIDED METALLIC IRON FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dale and Gustav
Bischof at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th March 1863.
We, JOHN DALE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turing Chemist, and GUSTAV BISCHOF, junior, of Swansea, in the County of
Glamorgan, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANILINE, NAPTHYLAMINE, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS BODIES, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH APPARATUS
IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING FINELY DIVIDED METALLIC IRON FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of aniline and analogous bodies there is, as is well
known, a large quantity of metallic iron used, which is obtained chiefly from
borings or turnings subsequently ground, so as to bring them into small
particles.

page_text: Now, the first part of our Invention consists in a method of producing
metallic iron in a finely divided state. This we effect by submitting an oxide
of the metal to such a heat as will effect its reduction, but will not fuse the
metal. This process may be effected in a retort or other ordinary apparatus,
but we propose using a certain arrangement of furnace which is also appli-
cable for obtaining the metal in the above-named condition for other purposes.
The arrangement which we propose to claim consists in placing the fire-bars
at one end of the furnace and the flue at the opposite end, the working door
being at the latter. In connexion with the bed of the furnace there is an air-
tight chamber into which the reduced metal may be raked. This furnace may
be provided with a charging door at the side to be closed air-tight during the
operation. In reference to the manufacture of aniline or analogous body,
the process may commence with the usual description of iron, and after it has
become oxide it may be reconverted into the metallic state for subsequent
use, as above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Dale and Gustav Bischof in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 26th September 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
DALE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing Chemist,
and GUSTAV BISCHOF, junior, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said John Dale and Gustav Bischof, Her special license, that
we, the said John Dale and Gustav Bischof, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Dale and Gustav Bischof,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ANILINE, NAPTHYLANINE, AND OTHER ANALAGOUS BODIES, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH, WHICH APPARATUS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO

page_text: OBTAINING FINELY DIVIDED METALLIC IRON FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition, amongst others, that we, the said John Dale and Gustav Bischof,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Gustav Bischof, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:―
In the manufacture of aniline and analagous bodies there is, as is well known,
a large quantity of metallic iron used, which is obtained chiefly from borings
or turnings subsequently ground, so as to bring them into small particles.
Now, the first part of our Invention consists in a method of producing
metallic iron in a finely divided state. This we effect by submitting an oxide
of the metal to such a heat as will effect its reduction, but will not fuse the
metal. This process may be effected in a retort or other ordinary apparatus,
but we propose using a certain arrangement of furnace which is also applicable
for obtaining the metal in the above-named condition for other purposes. The
arrrangement which we propose to claim, consists in placing the fire-bars at
one end of the furnace and the flue at the opposite end, the working door being
at the latter. In connexion with the bed of the furnace there is an air-tight
chamber into which the reduced metal may be raked. This furnace may be
provided with a charging door at the side to be closed air-tight during the
operation. In reference to the manufacture of aniline or analagous body, the
process may commence with the usual description of iron, and after it has
become oxide it may be reconverted into the metallic state for subsequent use,
as above described. For the purpose of producing finely divided iron applicable
to the manufacture of aniline, we take an oxide of the metal, and having
ground it mix therewith from twenty to twenty-five per cent. of small coal or
other carbonaceous matter. The mixture is then submitted to heat in any
-suitable apparatus, an ordinary retort for instance, until reduction of the metal
5 is effected, care being taken to keep it below that temperature which would
cause fusion. A red heat is the degree required, and the process will be
completed in from eight to twelve hours. The finely divided metal thus
obtained is liable in its heated state to become again oxidized if exposed to
the air, and it is therefore desirable to adapt a vessel to the mouth of the

page_text: retort into which the metal may be raked, and which may subsequently be
closed up until the metal is cold. The finely divided iron thus obtained we
use for the manufacture of aniline and analagous bodies in the same manner
that iron is now used for that purpose. On commencing the manufacture of
aniline or analagous body, the usual turnings or borings of iron may be
employed; these during the process become oxidized, and are therefore in the
proper condition for being converted into the finely divided metal, as above
described.
The above is a method by which our Invention may be carried into effect,
but we find it advantageous to employ special apparatus for the reduction of
the oxide of iron, which apparatus constitutes another portion of our improve-
ments, and is applicable not only to the purpose of obtaining finely divided
iron for the manufacture of aniline and analagous bodies, but also to the pro-
duction of the metal in that condition for use in any other manufacture in
which it is desirable to use iron in small particles, as, for instance, for the
purpose of precipitating copper from solutions thereof, the production of
antimony from its sulphide; or the finely divided metal may be converted into
steel.
The apparatus constituting this part of our Invention is illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing. Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section, Fig. 2
a plan view in section, and Figs. 3 and 4 detached views upon an enlarged
scale, of the vessel into which the reduced metal is received when raked out
from the furnace. The fire-bars are shewn at a situate within a chamber b,
from whence the heat passes over a bridge and plays upon the bed c of the
furnace. The flue is at d, and the working door at e; at f is a tube fixed to
the masonry, and capable of being opened or closed by a lid g. The oxide of
iron mixed with coal, or other carbonaceous matter, as described in reference
to the first part of our Invention, is placed upon the bed of the furnace through
the working door e; or a door for that purpose may be constructed in the side
of the furnace. The working door e and the lid g being now closed, the
material is submitted to heat arising from the fire chamber 6, and a
reduction of the metal will be effected in five or six hours. In order
however to expedite the process and to prevent a caking of the mass, the
door e must occasionally be opened for the purpose of raking it, and if
the flue were at the opposite end, the air, which would necessarily enter,
would pass over the material under operation, and by imparting oxygen
delay or destroy the reduction of the metal, and it is for this reason that
the above described arrangement is adopted, for it is obvious that any air
which enters at the door e will immediately pass up the flue d, and that

page_text: which enters at tho fire end will have been deprived of its oxygen before
it reaches the bed of the furnace. The reduction of the metal having been
completed, it is raked through the tube f into a chamber capable of being
closed, a method of constructing which is shewn in the detached views
upon an enlarged scale, Fig. 3 being a side elevation of the chamber, and
Fig. 4 a plan view the bottom part of the tube f. The chamber is mounted
upon wheels so as easily to be run under the furnace when required.
Attached to the tube f is a ring formed in two parts 1, P, the half being
hinged so as to be capable of being opened, or of being closed as shewn
at Fig. 4, and retained in that position by a handle m. When a charge is to be
withdrawn, the ring. is opened by being turned upon its hinge, and the
chamber is wheeled forward until a short tube n thereon is situate
within the half ring 1'; the other half thereof is then turned upon its hinge,
as at Fig. 4, and the short tube n is therefore enclosed air-tight. The lid g
is now removed, and the reduced metal raked through the tube f into the
chamber i, after which the lid g is replaced and the chamber i, and withdrawn
chargo therein is removed to cool, during which another quantity of oxide may
be treated as abovo described.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I desire it to be understood
that we claim as secured to us under the above in part recited Letters
Patent,-
Firstly, as applied to the manufacture of aniline and analagous bodies,
the use of metallic iron produced by a reduction of an oxide, as above
described.
Secondly, in reference to the production of finely divided iron from an oxide,
the use of a furnace with fire-bars, flue, and working door situate in relation
to each other, as above explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Bischof, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
GUSTAV DISCHor. (L.S.)