Improved Baking Oven for Military and other Purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 19th Dec., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Baking Oven for Military and other Purposes.
I, DAVID GROVE of 24, Friedrichstrasse, Berlin in the German Empire,
Sanitary Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and the manner
in which the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a baking oven which is employed for military and other
purposes and which in order to facilitate the transport can be placed on a carriage
frame the object of the invention being to simplify, as far as possible, the con-
struction of the baking oven and attain the economical utilization of the fuel which
is thereby produced that the air which is heated by contact with the heating body is
caused to circulate in the baking oven, that is, the said heated air is after having
given off its warmth to the baking compartments again led back to the calorifere
in order to be reheated.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the baking oven.
Fig. 2 an end view of the same without the carriage.
Fig.
is a vertical longitudinal section through the baking oven without
chimney, and carriage.
Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section of the oven.
Fig. 5 is also a cross section of the baking oven with a modified arrangement of
the baking compartment.
The walls of the baking oven (which is represented as of elliptical section but
without of course my being in any way confined to this special form) consists of
two walls or mantles of sheet iron or other material a a' the two parts or walls
being connected by appropriate rails or connecting pieces, the space between the
said two walls or mantles being filied with nonconducting material.
At the superior inner surface of the mantle a¹ is an additional piece of smooth
(Fig. 4) or corrugated (Fig. 5) sheet metal c in order to thicken the layer of non-
conducting material at this part and thus prevent the radiation of the heat the
space thus formed being filled with nonconducting material. The object of this
strengthened or thickened part is further to accumulate so much warmth that the
baking chamber or compartments and the contents of the same have over heat
which is of great importance for the uniform and favorable carrying out of the
baking precess. The space formed in this manner is provided with insulated end
walls and is divided into two parts by a horizontal partition wall e. The lower
space serves to receive the heating device d which is shown in the drawing as a
corrugated sheet metal tube d with the front end protruding from the front wall of
the baking oven in order to facilitate the charging of the said heating device whilst
the rear end is connected to the chimney by means of an appropriate piece of
tubing. This chimney consists of the two parts m, m' of which the lower part m is
rigid and provided with the horizontal connecting tube m² which fits snugly into
the piece of tubing d' whilst the upper part n' is removable so that when no fire is
burning the same can be inserted in the tube d or otherwise arranged in order to
facilitate the transport.
The partition wall e is carried by suitable angle irons h which are on the one
hand attached to the inner wall or mantle a' and on the other hand are held by the
heating device d said partition wall e having laterally of the baking compartment y
numerous slots or orifices f in order to attain a circulation of the air heated by the
heating device d which flows upwards into the baking chamber above the sheet
metal partition wall e imparts its warmth to the baking compartment and returns
to the heating device to be reheated and resume the same circulation as afore-
mentioned.

page_text: The baking compartment, per or hearth consists of a receptacle made of
sheet metal and clad internall, with bricks or other appropriate material in order
to prevent the bread,being baked from burning.
According to Fig. 5 this baking compartment is provided with small wheels or
rollers running on suitable rails carried by appropriate cross connections in order
that the entire baking compartment or hearth may be readily drawn out for
charging and for removing the finished bread, or, instead of the wheels being
attached to the baking compartment or hearth the said wheels or rollers can be
arranged in or on the rails and the baking compartment run on the same.
In the
modification as represented the sheet metal partition e lies on the cranked cross
carriers or rails and does not reach fully up to the interior surface of the
mantle a so as to leave a long slot like opening for the entire length of the
baking oven in order to admit of the circulation of the heated and cooled air as
above stated. The baking chamber is at the forward or front end provided with a
suitable door so as to allow of access to the said chamber whereas the rear end is
provided with a piece of tubing which can be securely closed and which permits
of the same being periodically opened so that any steam or vapor formed by the
evaporation of the moisture in the bread under treatment can be let off.
The front end of the apparatus is furthermore provided with a firing door for
the heating device and also a door leading to the ash pit. The remaining
attachments such as brake, harnessing and the like have been omitted from the
drawings as not calculated to further the understanding of my invention they
forming no part of the same, and not bag claimed by me.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A baking oven for military and other purposes consisting of the double walls
or mantles a a¹, preferably of elliptical form with a filling of nonconducting
material between the two said mantles or walls, of the smooth or corrugated piece
of sheet metal cat the upper inner side of the baking compartment and its layer of
insulating material for increasing the insulation, and the horizontal partition wall e
carried by suitable cross rails or carriers so as to divide the interior of the
apparatus into a lower or heating and an upper or baking chamber substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
2. The arrangement of an appropriate heating device such as d in the lower or
heating chamber and a baking compartment or hearth or g' in the upper or
baking chamber, said compartment being movable or stationary, whereby the said
upper and lower chambers are so in cominunication with each other by means of
slots or orifices (Fig. 4) in the partition wall e or the lateral slots or openings f
(Fig. 5) that the air heated by the heating device will ascend into the baking
chamber and after having transmitted its warmth to the baking chamber and
compartment will descend to the heating device to be again heated and caused to
resume circulation substantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. The arrangement of my improved baking oven on a suitable carriage frame
substantially as described.
4. The construction of my improved baking oven substantially as specified and
shown in the accompanying drawing.
Dated 13th November 1801
GEO,
DOWNING,
8, Quality Court, London, W.C., Agent.