Improved Machinery for Shearing, Planing, and similar Operations Worked by Hydraulic Pressure.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 22nd May, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Machinery for Shearing, Planing, and similar Operations
Worked by Hydraulic Pressure.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane in the County of London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (as communicated to me
from abroad by Paul Kühne of No. 42, Liusenstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Merchant,) and in what manner the same is to be performed, to bc
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The driving of large working machinery such as for shearing, planing and the
like, by means of belts requires a large expenditure of power on account of the
multiple toothed wheel transmissions required.
The operating of such machines entirely by hydraulic power on the other hand
although dispensing with the toothed wheel transmissions and consequent
consumption of power, is very costly on account of the necessary central
hydraulic plant, and extended network of supply pipes, and it can therefore only be
employed with advantage for very large works.
The present invention has for its object to obviate the above disadvantages with
such working machines, by providing these with all the necessary appliances for
working by hydraulic power, which are operated either directly by an electro-
motor, or by a motor at a distance through the medium of a fast and loose pulley
and belt, and wherein the water pressure delivered by the hydraulic pump is
supplied to the working machine through suitable regulating devices actuated by
the work table or tool holder, on the one hand for effecting the working stroke,
and on the other hand for effecting the idle stroke of the working table or tool
holder.
On the accompanying drawing is shewn by way of example, at Fig. 1 the application
of the said invention to a shearing machine and at Fig. 2 the application to a large
planing machine.
The shearing machine shewn in vertical section at Fig. 1, possesses all the necessary
appliances for working by hydraulic power, such appliances being all contained on
the framing of the machine. For working the shears there may be used either an
electromotor a supplied with electrical energy from a distance or a fast and loose
pulley driven by a belt from a motor at a distance. The shaft b, driven by either
of these means, is connected by a crank and connecting rode to the plunger d of
the hydraulic pressure pumpe whereby water is drawn in from a reservoir through
a pipe and is forced through a pipe g into the valve chamber h, whence, according
to the position of the piston valve i, it either passes simultaneously through the
pipes and so as to operate both on the piston n for raising the cutter carrier m,
and on the piston o for pressing the same downward; in this case, as the acting
area of o is greater than that of n the cutter carrier m will be forced downward
and will thus effect the shearing cut. When in its highest position the piston o
will have moved the piston p fixed thereto into such a position in the corresponding
bore. of the chamber h, that its reduced part or necking p¹ extends over the
lischarge passage g and the passage. The water pressure entering the valve
casing from pipe g behind piston i then forces this forward and expels the water in
ront of it through escape pive v.

page_text: On the downward motion of the piston o, which takes place in consequence of the
water pressure entering behind piston o through pipe 1, the passage 7 is first closed
by the descending piston p, after which, on the completion of the cut by the shearing
blades S S 1, the passages r and t are made to communicate with each other by the
necking p of the piston.
?'
The water pressure will then pass from pipe 9 through passages t and in front
of piston i thereby driving this backward, and forcing the water behind it up the
pipes and; this will be effected with only slight resistance because no work is
being done at that time.
As the pipe g supplies water pressure both in front of and behind piston i,
the said motion of the latter will only be effected by the difference of the pressure
acting respectively on the full area at u and the annular area at w.
When the piston i has thus been moved backward (to the right) it closes the
passage 1, leaving the passage & open; the water pressure will consequently flow
through the latter underneath the lowered piston n and will raise this together
with pistono and cutter carrier m upward; a suitably arranged and actuated,
valve device (not shewn) allows the water above piston o to escape. On the
pistono arriving at its top position again, the above described operation is
repeated.
In the planing machine shewn at Fig. 2, the mode of driving and of controlling
the flow of the water pressure is precisely the same as in the first described
arrangement and the several corresponding parts are designated by the same
letters of reference.
The construction of the planing machine however requires some alterations, which
I will now describe.
The reciprocating work table m is formed with a cylindrical bore D with
which it can slide over the plunger o fixed to the framing of the planing machine,
the table being, of course, also made to work between the usual lateral guides on
the framing.
By means of the valve devices the water pressure is supplied to the passages k
and according to the position of the piston i the water pressure is made to act
either upon both surfaces E and F or only upon the surface E. In the first casc
the table will perform its working stroke as the pressure surface F is considerably
greater than the surface E. In the latter case, the piston i being made to close
the passage, the pressure in only acting ot: the small annular surface E, causes
the table to make its return or idle stroke. As in every planing machine, devices
are provided whereby the stroke of the work table can be adjusted to the length
of the object to be planed. For this purpose the table is provided at the
side with the usual adjustable tappets B and C which in acting upon the lever
of the piston slide p, effect the reversal of the motion in the one direction or
the other.
By moving the tappets farther apart or nearer together the stroke of the table
will be increased or decreased.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Hydraulic working machines provided with devices for producing hydraulic
pressure worked by a suitable power, and so arranged as to operate with automatic
reversal of motion, whereby costly transmission gear or the installation of central
hydraulic apparatus are obviated, substantially as described.
2. In a hydraulic working machine such as is referred to in the first claim, the
combination of appliances for effecting the working and return strokes of the work
table or tool consisting of a valve casing h containing a piston p connected to the
work table or tool and which by means of a necking pi on the one hand effects
the connection of the channels and r at the end of the idle stroke and thereby
causes piston valve i to be moved by the water pressure until the passage 7 is
9

page_text: uncovered so that water pressure can pass behind the working piston o, while on the
other hand at the end of the working stroke the piston p p connects the passages r
and t whereby the piston is moved so as to close the passage 7 so that the water
pressure passing through effects the idle stroke of the tool holder or work table,
substantially as described.
ינ..
101
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.