Improvements in and relating to Telegraphic Transmitting Apparatus.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 18th Nov., 1898-Accepted. 21st Apr.. 1899
Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 18th Nov.. 1898-Accepted. 21st Apr.. 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Telegraphic Transmitting
Apparatus.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE CREED, of Bent View, Scott Street, Hamilton, Lanark-
shire, Telegraphist, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:
This invention has reference to a new or improved method of and construction
of machine or arrangement and combination of appliances for perforating the
paper tape or slip used in the automatic transmission of telegraphic messages
and by means of which all the telegraphic signs or signals which represent any
letter or figure are perforated upon the tape and the necessary space produced
by a single stroke of the corresponding key or lever.
The manner of working out the invention is more or less as follows. The
machine consists of two main sections, the perforating mechanisin and the
spacing apparatus, both of which are operated upon and controlled by means of
the key levers.
In the perforating mechanism, the key levers which embrace all the characters
commonly used in telegraphy are arranged horizontally in the shape of a fan,
their ends being spread out laterally on the side next the operator, or say the
front end of the machine, in order that the letter tops or buttons with which
they are provided, may be most readily fingered. The distant or back ends of
the key levers converge until they almost touch other, being separated and guided
at this point by a rack of thin pins or similar device, so that each works indepen-
dently without touching its neighbours. These levers are made of strips of thin
hard metal set on edge, and fulcrumed at a point somewhat nearer the back than
the front ends. From the back end of key levers the action is carried forward by
means of a series of shaped metal strips or levers, of equal number and about
the same thickness, fixed in an upright position and having the open side of the
angle facing the back. These L shaped levers are fulcrumed at the angle, on
one straight horizontal axle parallel with the front of the machine, in such a
position that when at rest the corresponding sides and edges in all will be parallel,
and the base or short arm of each will project backwards horizontally to a
point directly above the back end of its respective key lever, the long arm
maintaining a vertical or almost vertical position. The ends of the short arms
are guided by a rack similar to that used for the key levers, and each is provided
on the under side with a short lug or shoulder that will rest upon the end of the
corresponding key lever, thus forming a connection. It will be seen that when
a key is pressed down the back end of the lever will rise pushing up the short
arm of the shaped lever and tilting forward the longer upright arm. The
upper portion of this long arm is notched on its front edge in accordance with
the combination of signals belonging to its own key, and its office is to distribute
this combination by means of other levers to the respective perforating needles.
To accomplish this the long arms of the L shaped levers are made to operate
upon a set of from ten to twenty preferably flat, oblong, rectangular open frames

page_text: of thin metal placed horizontally one above another in front of the said levers,
near the top. These frames lie parallel to each other and as closely as possible
together, being separated only by thin partitions or guides, which permit them
to be moved forward and backward without any motion sideways. The strip
which forms the back end of the frame in each traverses at right angles the
front edges of the L shaped levers making contact with them wherever they are
not notched away. The long part of the frame is that which projects forward.
Across the forward horizontal edges of these frames rises vertically from a pivot
or axle in the same plane as and parallel to the fulcrum of the L shaped levers
a set of straight parallel levers equal in number to the frames, formed of thin
metal and set closely together without touching each other at any point. Each
of these rest against a short projection or pin of about 8th of an inch in length
on the front edge of its corresponding frame, so that any of the frames may be
pushed forward an equal distance and move its own lever without affecting any
other. These straight levers make direct connection with the levers of the per-
- forator carriage or frame.
This perforator carriage consists of a strong oblong metal frame or box, along
the middle of which from left to right are set two parallel rows of perforating
needles, say from five to ten in each row, the middle plate of the carriage being
perforated for that purpose. Each needle is furnished with a round or square
head, somewhat larger than the hole in which it is held, which head keeps it
from passing through the plate downwards: Each needle is provided with and
controlled by a short sliding lever, which is so placed on the top of the carriage
that when it is pushed forward by the action of a key it slides over the head of
the needle with which it corresponds making a connection between the needle
and the hammer. The hammer consists of a bar or block of metal fixed in the
carriage directly above the heads of the two rows of needles, at such a distance
that whenever any of the sliding levers is pushed forward it fills the space between
the head of the needle and the face of the hammer. The perforations are made
near each longitudinal edge of the slip by means of a die consisting of two per-
forated plates, between which the tape or slip is passed. This die is fixed
immediately below the carriage in such a position that the cutting points of the
needles fairly enter the holes of the top or guide plate and when at rest almost
touch the paper. The right and left sides of the carriage box are provided with
vertical guides or tongues which fit into corresponding grooves in the framework,
which enable it to slide up or down on a line perpendicular to the die, without side
motion. When the carriage is forced down by the pressure on the hammer every
needle whose head has been covered by a sliding lever, is forced downward through
the paper making a perforation, while the other needles which have a clear space
between their heads and the hammer, when they meet the resistance of the paper
are merely pushed up into the clear space and make no perforation.
When the hammer and carriage rise these displaced needles are pushed back
into their usual position by a small metal bar or rod provided for that purpose,
and the needles used in making the perforation are withdrawn from the paper.
By means of various combinations of the needles, perforations may be made repre-
senting any and all of the letters and figures used in telegraphy. This perforator
carriage is placed in front of the straight upright levers last mentioned, near
the top in such a position that the two rows of needles in the carriage run parallel
to the front edges of the said levers, and the back ends of the sliding levers which
control the back row of needles, touch the front edge of each alternate upright
lever, namely the first sliding lever touches the first upright lever, the second
sliding lever touches the third upright, the third sliding lever the fifth upright
and so on. The connection between the second, fourth, sixth, and so
upright levers and the sliding levers of the front row is made by means of small
connecting pins or wires, passing through the carriage box from back to front,
between the perforating needles, just below the middle plate in which these are
held. These wires act in turn upon a set of short pivotted levers, each of which
on of

page_text: connects with and controls one of the sliding levers of the front row, so that if
one of the wires is pushed forward by its upright lever, it tilts its own pivotted
lever in such a manner that the corresponding sliding lever is pushed over the
head of its respective perforating needle. The action which takes place when
making a perforation may therefore be described as follows. The key lever trans-
mits its action to the L shaped lever, the long arm of which is tilted forward
Except in those places where it has been notched this arm makes contact with
certain of the oblong frames, to which it imparts a straight forward motion. The
front edges of these frames act upon the straight upright levers that rest against
them, and these levers in turn act either directly upon certain of the back row
of sliding levers or indirectly by means of the connecting wires and tilting levers,
upon certain of the front row, driving them over the heads of their respective
perforating needles. The hammer falling at this moment, produces the desired
perforation as before described. When the key lever is released all the other
levers are returned to their usual position by means of spring frames or racks.
The power for the perforation is transmitted to the hammer by means of a
double action piston fixed to the hammer from above and working in a cylinder
conveniently placed.
The action upon the piston may be obtained from compressed air, gas, or other
fluid, controlled by means of valves with rod and lever connections from a
fulcrumed frame which runs under all the key levers. As an alternative, and for
very light work a pivotted balanced hammer may be operated directly from the
action of the key levers without other power the carriage and its fixings being
modified to suit.
In performing the spacing operations the forward movement of the slip is
regulated by a series of straight upright levers controlled by means of the
oblong frames. These space levers are set upon an axle parallel to that of the
straight levers already described and of the Ĺ shaped levers, and about midway
between the two. Their points rise vertically through the open centre of the
frames to the same height as the L shaped levers and the other vertical straight
levers. They are notched or cut away in such a manner that the back edge of
each makes contact with one and only one pair of the oblong frames, by means
of their thin strips of metal placed transversely across the same. When either
of any pair of frames is pushed forward, it imparts a corresponding movement to
the vertical space lever. On the left side and as near as possible to the space
levers is a moveable frame which holds and guides a light toothed or cogged bar
or shuttle capable of a horizontal motion across the back edges of the space levers
This cogged bar or shuttle fits into the cogs of a wheel, mounted upon a shaft
that extends forward over the mouth of the slot through which the paper tape
issues from the die. At this point the shaft is provided with another wheel of
the same diameter as the first, which carries on its circumference a set of short
pins or teeth equal in number and pitch to the cogs of the first. As the wheel
is turned these enter a continuous central line of perforations with which the
slip has previously been provided, and by means of which it is drawn. A constant
forward pressure is exerted upon the shaft by a clock-train, the main spring of
which is kept at nominally even tension by means of spring and lever winding
connections to the striking piston. The action of the spacing arrangement is
as follows. When a key is struck, as has been shown a certain number of the
oblong frames are moved pushing forward the corresponding space levers. At
the same moment a lever from the spacing frame which under-runs the key
levers lifts the frame which holds the small cogged bar or shuttle far enough
to disengage it (the shuttle from the cogs of the first mentioned wheel, which is
now engaged and held in place by a click or tooth. A spring coming into opera-
tion throws the shuttle along the back edges of the space levers until it is arrested
by the first lever that has not been displaced by the action of the frames. When
the key is released the shuttle again engages the wheel, which being freed at

page_text: this moment by the withdrawal of the click draws it forward to its original
position. This forward motion being reproduced in the other wheel draws the
slip an equal distance which distance will be found to correspond with the space
occupied on the slip by the ietter which has been perforated. The shuttle when
at rest is held by pressure of the wheel against the face of an adjustable buffer,
so placed that a single short space may be produced merely by striking a space key,
without affecting the perforations.
As an alternative, the forward motion may also be given to the slip by means
of a small independent piston and cylinder controlling the shuttle instead of the
clock train. Or all the wheels may be omitted and the shuttle made to act
directly upon the slip by means of pins. Similarly in the perforating apparatus
it may be found desirable to omit the L shaped levers and the straight upright
distributing levers, making the key levers act directly upon the oblong frames
and these upon the carriage, which would be modified to suit.
The central row of perforations is produced by means of a die and perforating
plate or frame containing a large number of needles corresponding to the per-
forations in the die. The perforating plate is fixed to a pivotted or sliding frame
provided at the top with a roller or pulley, which receives a stroke at every
revolution from a cam mounted on a revolving shaft. This stroke makes the
perforations and the needies are withdrawn by means of a spring or another cam
acting upon the pivotted frame. The forward motion is given to the paper by
a fulcrumed lever connected with the cam by a rod one end of the lever projecting
downwards and making connection with a sliding shuttle or sole plate which is
provided with a small number of pins or teeth that fit into the perforations already
made in the slip. By the action of the lever this shuttle slides steadily backward
and forward in its own frame, the stroke being of exactly the same length as
the portion of slip perforated at each stroke by the needles. By means of another
lever and cam the shuttle frame is raised at the end of the forward stroke so as
to clear the pins from the paper for the back stroke, and is dropped again at
the end of the back stroke to reengage the pins before the shuttle again slides
forward. The perforation is made and the needles withdrawn during the back
stroke of the shuttle. The shaft may be revolved by hand or other power and
for turning out the slip very rapidly the perforating plates and dies, shuttle
frames, connecting levers and such like may be extended in multiple series along
the same revolving shaft.
1
تيمم
1
n
1000
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Telegraphic Transmitting
Apparatus.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE CREED, of Bent View, Scott Street, Hamilton, Lanark-
shire, Telegraphist, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, that is to say: -
This invention has reference to a new or improved method of, and construction
of machine, or arrangement and combination of appliances for, perforating the
paper tape or slip used in the automatic transmission of telegraphic

page_text: messages, and by means of which all the telegraphic signs or signals
which represent any character, letter, or figure are perforated upon the
tape and the necessary space produced, by a single stroke of the corresponding
key or lever.
The machine can be operated by means of a keyboard, in a similar manner and
at equal speed to a typewriting machine and that without previous knowledge of
the telegraph code on the part of the operator.
It is expected by means of this invention greatly to reduce the initial delay in
preparing messages for automatic transmission by existing and similar systems,
to simplify the process of perforation itself, and generally to facilitate the work
of automatic telegraphy.
This invention has no connection with any existing systems having for their
object the transmission by telegraph of alphabetic lettering; meaning by that,
telegraphic machines which print the messages on a tape at the receiving station.
My object is merely to perforate messages in the existing telegraph "dot" and
dash" codes, for use in connection with such transmitters as will forward the
messages by means of "dot" and "dash" signs to the receiving station.
To secure these results the machine comprises a set of perforating plungers,
sufficient in number to produce by various combinations the perforations which
represent the "dots" and dashes" corresponding in the telegraph code to any
given character.
66
These plungers are operated upon in their appropriate combinations by means
of levers controlled from the key-board which embraces all characters commonly
used in telegraphy. Each key when struck plays upon a corresponding lever which is
provided with a notched and toothed combination representing its own character.
This lever in turns sends forward the combination by means of certain of two
other sets of levers which act directly upon levers in the carriage which contains
the plungers, driving these last levers over the heads of those plungers which are
to be used in making the perforations. The piston of an air engine coming into
action at this moment forces these plungers through the tape, which is led through
a slot in a die set directly under them. At the same moment a small traveller
armed with a set of small pins being liberated is thrown backwards by a lever
connected to space engine and arrested at a distance corresponding to the distance
which it is desired to draw the tape forward. When the key is raised this
traveller by means of pins engages a continuous central row of perforations
(with which the slip has previously been provided) and is then driven forward
(carrying the tape with it) to its usual position of rest. The length of tape drawn
forward by the traveller, that is to say, the length of the character spaces, is
regulated by a separate set of levers which arrest the traveller at the proper
point. These levers are controlled by the same set of levers, that controls the
levers of the plunger carriage, and therefore, by the key itself.
By this invention a small lever attached to a key is provided by means of which
the space may be so regulated as to throw any desired number of letters into one
combination.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of carrying same into
practice may be properly understood, I have hereunto appended sheets of
explanatory drawings in which the same reference letters are used to denote
like parts in the several figures where shown..
Figure 1 is a side elevation, Figure 2 a front view and Figure 3 a plan illus-
trating my invention while Figures 4 and 5 are sectional detail views of operating
air cylinder and valve for actuating the perforating plungers and spacing lever
respectively. Figure 6 is a detail plan view of bracket carrying the lever con-
nections for working the combination lever to connect any number of letters
together, Figure is a sectional plan view of spacing carriage and connections,
Figure 8 a detail side view of combination lever, Figure 9 a side view of spacing
frame, Figure 10 a plan of die plate, Figure 11 a view of the perforated tape

page_text: with perforations previously formed in the centre for drawing tape forward in
the machine and also showing example of the manner of perforating the
figure "2" by the plungers of the perforator carriage. Figure 12 is a side view
showing the levers operated when the figure 2 is struck on machine. Figure 13
is a front view of the rectangular frames and levers D and E detached. Figure 14
is a plan of space levers h for regulating the length of space for any letter,
Figure 15 is a front elevation of perforator carriage F F F operating levers,
and plungers for perforating the tape. Figure 16 is a sectional view at right
angles to Figure 15, Figure 17 a plan of same with top 2 removed, Figure 18
a perspective view to show partitions or saw drafts for sliding levers f. Figure 19
is a perspective view of spring frame lever fl. Figure 20 is a detail view showing
a method of lifting and the space levers at one time when it is desired to have such
an attachment on the machine, while Figure 21 shows a detail view of an arrange-
ment for lifting the first or left hand space lever when each key is struck.
Referring to the drawings, the machine framing comprises a keyboard X,
base frame X supported on feet X and standards X2 X3 X to carry the various
parts of the actuating mechanism. The key levers Z which may be 37 or more in
number are made of strips of tuin sheet steel or other suitable metal or material
set on edge side by side horizontally underneath the framing X' and fulcrumed at
Z the long ends being spread out fan wise towards the key board X and the short
ends converging close together are guided in saw drafts or partitions let into
the frame Xeach key lever being provided with a spring z to return same to
normal position each time a character has been struck.
Underneath the key levers Z is set the rigid frame A fulcrumed at A¹ to a
bracket on the machine frame X and having a cross-bar A2 on which the key
levers rest and also the space lever, the frame being kept firmly against same
by means of an adjustable spring A. The crossbar A underruns the whole of
the key levers Z and no key can be struck without imparting to the frame A a
corresponding movement.
An arm A is formed on the frame A to which is secured a link A5 to connect
same to the lever A6 for actuating and controlling the valve rod b of air and
space engine B B3 and also the space lever connections to be more particularly
described.
As seen particularly in Figure 12, when a key is struck the key levers Z act
on the one end of shaped levers C within the standard X and these L shaped
levers C push forward and actuate rectangular frames D guided in saw drafts
in the standard or framing X³ and which are only capable of forward and
backward movement, but no side action. The pins d on same acting on levers E
produce the necessary combination within the perforator carriage to allow of the
particular, perforations being punched according to the character struck. The
levers Z, and C, are equal in number and the rectangular frames D and E are
preferably 20 in number to produce the combinations required for the various
characters of the telegraphic systems in use.
The vertical or upright arms of the L shaped levers have teeth and notches cut
on them for the purpose of producing the combination above referred to, the
teeth c pushing forward the rectangular frames 1 while the notches 2 allow of
the remainder not required to remain passive. The ends of L shaped levers C are
guided in saw drafts corresponding to those that guide the key levers.
These rectangular frames D have pins d as above described to act on the levers E
for actuating the levers and rods or pins f f in the perforator carriage, the
pins being distributed diagonally across same, as indicated in Figure 13 and it
will be seen that the pin on first or bottom rectangular frame D makes contact
with the first or left hand straight lever and so on to the last or top rectangular
frame on the right hand. These levers are fulcrumed at e and are capable of
forward and backward movement and are guided by saw drafts or partitions e¹
as seen in Figure 1.

page_text: The perforator carriage shown fully in Figures 15 to 19 of the drawings is com-
posed of a central casting F having saw drafts for sliding levers f with side guide
Frames F and top cover with connection for securing to the piston rod B of
the engine. The plungers g pass through holes in the central casting F and the
rod for bringing back these and also controlling the extent of travel runs
through the groove and is secured in the frame X2 of the machine.
The perforator carriage is also guided within the standards
X2 by
V shaped pieces formed or secured to the central casting F and the side guide
frames that support and guide the rods or rod f and levers f³ for actuating
the sliding levers at opposite end of carriage from the levers E, are secured to
same central casting as also the spring frame f' for bringing all back to their
normal position.
The engines for operating the perforator carriage and also the spacing mechanism
(Figures 4 and 5) consist of ordinary double action pistons B B actuated by com-
pressed air or other fluid, and controlled by means of the hollow piston valve b¹.
The air is led into the valve by the feed pipe 5 which ends in an adjustable
half collar 66 by means of which all wear can be taken up simply by adjustment
of the nuts 67 68. Through the valve by the port it passes into the main
engine B by way of either of the ports 62 in valve, to the ports 63 or 64 respectively.
From the cylinder of the main engine it enters by the leads 69 610 to the space
engine B. The space engine exhausts into as it feeds from the cylinder of the
main engine B which in turn exhausts directly into the air, through either of
the ports 63 and 6* respectively.
The perforator carriage shown indicated in Figures 1, 2, and 12 and fully
illustrated in Figures 15 to 19 is set under the engine B within the standard X
and is capable of vertical reciprocating motion. The carriage is in such a position
that the projecting ends of the sliding levers (preferably twenty in number, ten
on each side, as seen in Figure 17) on the one side are directly in front of and
make contact with the first out of every pair of the straight levers E beginning
at the left and the other ten make contact through the pins f and levers f³ with
the alternate straight levers E. By way of illustrating the action of above the
sliding lever f marked 2 touches the first straight lever E, the second sliding lever f
also marked touches the third straight lever E and so forth. The pins f bear an
exactly similar relation to the alternate straight levers E beginning with the
second, that is, the first pin f touches the second straight lever E, the second pin
touches the fourth straight lever E and so forth, the tenth pin touching the 20th
and last straight lever E.
All the levers and pins of the carriage are independent so that any can be moved
without affecting its neighbours. When one or more of the levers f³ on the back
side are pushed forward by the action of the straight levers E, they will project
over the head of the plungers g to which they correspond, and will force forward
the spring frame f¹ with them, until they are released when the spring frame will
return them to their normal position. The same applies to the sliding levers f
on the other side except that in their case the action is not direct being com-
municated by means of the pins and the tilting levers f³, the pins f being
placed between the plungers as shown particularly in Figure 15. It will be
observed that when one of these sliding levers f is pushed over the head of a
plunger, it practically connects that plunger with the top F2 of the carriage so
that when the latter is forced down by the action of the piston B² the plunger g
that is so acted upon is forced down with it, making a perforation. Similarly
it will be noticed that the plungers that are not so connected when the perforator
carriage F F F is forced down, having a clear space above them, are free to
stand on the tape and slide up into that space, (or rather they remain stationary,
while the carriage slides down) until the carriage rises, when by the action of the
bar F3 against the ledge g' with which the head of each pin is provided, they are
forced back into their normal position.

page_text: The plungers a project downwards through the carriage into the guide plate K
of the die which is fixed between the standards X2 in the position shown in
Figure 12. The die and guide plates K are perforated with two rows of ten
holes each to correspond with the plungers and have a slot K¹ between the two
plates for the passage of the tape. The long narrow slot K2 between the perfora-
tions is for the passage of the traveller pins which engage and draw the tape
forward according to the length of character struck.
The space levers h ten in number are mounted on the horizontal axle 4* in
such a position that their long ends ends project forward between the plungers g
(with the exception of the first (the left hand) which lies against the left side
of the first pair of plungers) a little above the guide and die plates, as indicated in
Figure 14. The short ends of these levers set backwards so as to make contact
with the straight levers E which control them. These short ends are each broad
enough to make contact with, or cover the movement of two of the straight
levers E so that each space lever receives the action of, and is controlled by
one pair of straight levers E. If either one or both of any pair of straight levers is
pushed forward the corresponding space lever will be acted upon, and tilted up.
The space frame consists of two fixed arms ¹ mounted on the axle & pivotted
on brackets a and having between their inner ends a small rod h centred on the
left side in the adjusting screw 3. Upon this rod is mounted the traveller h
fitted on the under side with the small pins hand at the top with the pro-
jection shown in Figure 9 with which it engages the space levers h which
regulate its travel. This traveller is connected by means of the connection B7 to
the lever 16 of the space engine 133 which actuates it. The space frame is set in
such a position above the die K that the rod h¹ of same is just over the centre of
the slot K', and so that the traveller, when its pins h5 are engaged in the tape
will pass freely under the space levers h; but when the pins are disengaged will
be arrested by the space levers h unless these have been tilted up to let it pass. For
the purpose of disengaging and engaging the pins of the traveller with the tape
the arms (and with them the rod h' on which the traveller is mounted) are
tilted up and down by means of the arm i which gets its movement from the
pin attached to the valve rod. To receive the action of the traveller pins the
tape has previously been formed with a continuous central row of perforations,
these perforations having the same relative space from centre to centre longitu-
dinally as the plungers and therefore the same space as the perforations made by
the plungers.
The small lever j Figures 2, 7 and 8 is capable of sufficient backward and
forward motion by the lever m connecting rod m³ fulcrum m² and lever m³ to
the key "com" on key-board X of machine. When such action is desired to inter-
pose the shoulder or broad part of said lever between the traveller h and the
adjusting screw h³ thus cutting off the space which should separate the last
letter struck from that which follows, producing a combination composed of the
signals comprised in both. By means of this as before stated any conceivable
combination of signals may be .produced.
Before describing the action of the apparatus in connection with Figure 12
it will be expedient to explain that the combinations described are those necessary
for the perforation of the English Morse Code, for transmission by the Wheatstone
apparatus. The perforation of the tape for use in connection with the modified
forms of transmitter, now in use on some lines with the same telegraphic code,
required only a different set of teeth and notches (or combination) on the shaped
levers producing thereby the necessary combination of the plungers and spacing
apparatus. I can perforate any of the codes now in common use without altera-
tion in the general action of my machine, simply by altering the shape, size, and
combinations of the plungers.
The Wheatstone system has been chosen for purpose of illustration as being the
most difficult of perforation.

page_text: The action of the machine is as follows:-Take for example the process of
perforating the figure 2, consisting of two dots, and three dashes, one of the
longest combinations of the English Morse Code and illustrated in Figure 12 of
the drawings
When the key z¹ is struck, that end of the key lever Z is depressed, depressing
also the rigid frame A which controls the valve b, the action of which will be here-
inafter described after illustrating the process of making the combination of the
character indicated. The back end of the key lever Z being tilted upward by the
stroke, acts upon the horizontal end of its corresponding | shaped lever C tilting
forward the long or vertical notched arm of same, the teeth or " combination
of which in this instance come in contact with the first, second, third, fourth,
fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, thirteenth and sixteenth rectangular frames D
as shown in Figure 12, while the notches allow the remaining frames to remain
stationary, these being left out of this figure for the sake of clearness. The
frames thus struck are driven forward, operating in turn upon the corresponding
upright straight levers E which play upon the corresponding sliding levers f
and pins f of the perforator carriage F F F driving the respective sliding levers f
over the heads of their own plungers g, these sliding levers f being marked with
the figure 2 by way of illustrating this example. The plungers 9 thus covered
by the ends of the sliding levers f will be seen by reference to Figure 17 in which
the levers brought into action in the above combination are marked by the
figure 2.
These plungers g are now ready to be driven through the tape, but
before proceeding with the perforation, it will be necessary to show the action
which has simultaneously taken place upon the space levers h shown in Figure 12
and also in plan Figure 14 and the space frame. As the upright straight levers E
were driven forward to act upon the carriage connections they also at same time
operated upon the short ends of the first eight space levers h tilting up the long
ends, see Figure 12, to allow the space frame to travel the proper distance accord-
ing to the letter struck. That this must occur will be seen from the fact that at
least one out of every pair in the first eight pairs of the upright straight levers E
(counting, as always, from the left) has been pushed forward, and as already
explained either one, or both of any pair coming forward, will lift the space
lever corresponding to that pair. By this time the valve rod b acted upon by
the lever A through the connections A* As from the rigid frame A, has been
pushed up nearly to full stroke tilting up at same time, by means of the con-
nection the arms of the space frame. This tilting of the space frame lifts
the traveller 2 far enough to free its pins h³ from the centre row of perforations
in the tape, Figure 11, by means of which the tape is drawn forward. At this
moment the traveller h² is in its position of rest against the thin forked part 1
of the lever which intervenes between it and the adjusting screw h³ of the
space frame.
When in this position the projection h of traveller h² is
distant exactly one space (that is to say, the distance occupied on the tape
by the perforations representing a single "dot") from the first space lever.
The traveller he and the space levers h and the sliding levers f and plungers g
of the perforator carriage being acted upon as I have indicated, the valve bi
now finishes its up stroke (and the key its down stroke) and the compressed air
or other fluid rushing through the ports 62 63 instantly and simultaneously acts
upon the piston 12 of the main engine B and the piston B* of the space engine B³
forcing down the carriage by means of the one and by means of the other through
the piston B and piston rod 135 lever B6 and connection B7 to the traveller h³
throws back the traveller towards the right hand side until it is arrested by the
9th space lever h (shown in plan, Figure 14) which is the first one of its set that
has not been lifted by the combination struck.
As I have already explained the sliding levers f in passing over the head's of
he plungers brought these into practically solid contact with the top F2 of the
arriage frame so that when the perforator carriage F F¹ F2 was forced down by

page_text: the action of the piston B2, the points of these plungers 9 were driven through
the tape, and the others, not used in this combination, and being free, coming in
contact with the resistance of the tape, merely stood lightly upon it, their heads
entering the clear space between them and the top F2 of the carriage.
As the main
The perforation being now complete, the key is released, and the valve is brought
back to its usual position reversing the action of the pistons 132 B*
piston B2 rises it brings back the perforator carriage to its former position,
withdrawing from the tape the plungers g which have been used in making the
perforation, the other plungers, as has been shown being forced back into place
by the cross-bar F acting upon the ledges g¹. (This perforation as produced
upon the tape will be seen by reference to Figure 11.)
"
The spring frames fl of the carriage, now coming into action return the
sliding levers and rods or pins f f to their former position, and with the aid
of the spring frame k of the space levers h return the upright straight levers E
the rectangular frames D and the shaped lever C to their normal position.
When the valve rod b returns to its former position on the release of the key,
its action upon the space frame is reversed, so that just before the air begins to
be admitted again at the port 6 the pins of the traveller once more engage the
centre perforations of the tape, and therefore, when the action of the engines is
completely reversed as soon as the plungers are withdrawn the traveller 2 flies
forward (drawing the tape with it) to its former position of rest. It will be seen
that the distance which the tape has thus been drawn forward corresponds exactly
with the length of the perforated character plus one space. As the perforations
in every case begin with the first left hand plunger, it will be seen that all
letters or characters perforated will show this one space between them, unless an
extra space or spaces are purposely produced by striking the space key. As
this space key merely depresses the rigid frame A, that is to say, the valve con-
nection, without producing any combination it will be seen that only a single
space will be made when it is struck.
"
If it be desired to throw away any two or more characters into one combination,
it is only necessary while the first key is pressed down to press the key marked
com (thus interposing the lever between the returning traveller and its
position of rest) and to hold down this combination key while the other letter
or letters are being struck.
By this device the separating space is cut out, causing all the letters so struck
to appear as one combination. The purpose of this key is to provide for the
perforation of certain signals used in telegraphy, but not with sufficient fre-
quency to warrant giving them a place in the key board.
It is sometimes desirable to have the power of adding extra spacing arrange-
ments to the machine as described and for this purpose I have added two views
Figures 20 and 21 by way of illustrating my method of performing same.
According to Figure 20 an arrangement is shown for the purpose of raising
the whole of the space levers h and this is accomplished by a lever frame y
that acts on the long legs of the space levers h to raise same when a long space
is desired. This lever frame y is fulcrumed on a bracket y¹ to the side of
standard X and is connected by a connecting link y² to a key lever y³ the extra key
of same being added to the key board.
Referring to Figure 21 this arrangement is for providing a double space at
every stroke of space key when this is desired, and for this purpose I fit to the
rod of the space frame an adjustable finger or rod y for the purpose of lifting
the first space lever h. It will be seen that this latter raises the first space
lever h at every stroke of a character key as well as at the stroke of the space key,
but as the shortest character (the letter E) also raises this lever by its own com-
bination, it will also be seen that the rod will not affect the spacing except
in the case of the space lever.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is-
First. In a system of perforating telegraphic tape, the method of producing the
perforations representing a complete character in combination with the corre
sponding space, by means of a single stroke of a single key from a key board,
substantially as set forth.
Second. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the perforator carriage
in combination with its component parts, substantially as described.
Third. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination comprising
key levers, rigid frame, ✓ shaped levers, rectangular frames, vertical levers,
perforator carriage, die plate, actuating engines and valve and space regulating
mechanism substantially as set forth.
Fourth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of main
engine and spacing engine with the controlling connections to piston valve
substantially as described.
Firth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape, the combination of the
engines and their connections, with the perforator carriage and spacing mechanism
substantially as described.
Sixth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape, the combination of the
spacing mechanism comprising spacing engine B³, rod and lever connections,
spacing, frame with traveller h² and connections, and spacing levers h substantially
as described.
Seventh. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape, the traveller 2 for
engaging, drawing and disengaging the tape by means of the teeth h³ and pro-
jection for acting on space levers h substantially as described.
Eighth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of the
space frame and traveller with screw h³ and its connection i with the valve rod b
substantially as described,
Ninth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of the
space levers in their connection and action with the perforator carriage, plungers,
space frame and traveller substantially as described."
Tenth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of the
connections and action of the key levers upon the space levers by means of the
shaped levers, rectangular frames and the straight upright levers substantially
as described.
Eleventh. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of the
Lshaped levers with the rectangular frames substantially as herein described.
Twelfth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of the
rectangular frames with the upright straight levers, substantially as herein
described.
Thirteenth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of
upright straight levers to play simultaneously both upon the space levers, and the
pins and levers of the perforator carriage substantially as described.
Fourteenth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination
of key levers arranged fan-wise and converging under the L shaped levers and
having projections on same to act on projections on the L shaped levers, sub-
stantially as herein described.
Fifteenth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape, the combination of
the operating bar with the perforator carriage to bring the plungers back to
their normal position substantially as herein described.
Sixteenth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape, the combination of
the die and guide plate with the perforator carriage and plungers substantially
as described.
Seventeenth. In a machine for perforating telegraphic tape the combination of
the key connections with the valve of the engines by means of the rigid space frame
for producing simultaneous action substantially as described.

page_text: Eighteenth. In a system of perforating telegraphic tape, a tape previously
formed with a continuous row of central perforations in combination with per-
forations produced from the key board of the machine, these perforations having
the same relative spaces longitudinally from centre to centre substantially as
set forth.
Dated the 17th day of November 1898