IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR IN LUMPS OR BARS
Year: 1875

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LETTERS PATENT to George Tomlinson Bousfield, of Sutton, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR IN LUMPS OR BARS."-A communication
from abroad by Reinhold Kohrig and Robert Pzillas, both of Brieg,
Prussia.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Tomlinson
Bousfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis
Petition and Declaration, on the 10th July 1875, pursuant to the
9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR IN LUMPS OR BARS," and have
petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have mado

page_text: solemn Declaration that it is a communication to me from abroad by
Reinhold Kohrig and Robert Pzillas, both of Brieg, Prussia.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand
and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the
following statement :-
These improvements relate to apparatus for manufacturing bars or
lumps of sugar.
One of the processes hitherto used for the manufacture of bars or
lumps of sugar consisted in cutting the loaves by means of circular saws.
Another process consisted in pressing the refined crystals while moist
into moulds about 20 centimetres in length, 13 wide, and 10 centimetres
depth. This moulded sugar was then dried and cut by circular saws
into strips of 20 centimetres in length, and with a cross section of
about 23 centimetres. These strips were finally cut into pieces of
about 10 millimetres in thickness by means of special breaking apparatus,
which pieces then formed an article of commerce, viz., lump sugar. The
latter process had the advantage of causing less loss in sawdust and
small pieces than when loaf sugar was cut up; but both processes
required for cutting up about 2500 kilogrammes of sugar in ten hours
seven powerful and skilled workmen and four skilled women, and the
loss in dust and small pieces amounted to about 20 per cent.
The apparatus constructed according to this Invention yields within
ten hours about 3000 kilogrammes or 3 tons of finished, pressed, and
smooth bars with a cross section of 23 millimetres and 180™ long, either
from loose sugar, from a centrifugal apparatus, or from refined loaves,
and requires only two workmen, one of whom feeds the press while the
other removes the finished product. In this press there is no loss
whatever of sugar. The bars dry within 24 hours, while the moulded
sugar of the above mentioned dimensions requires 8 entire days for
drying.
With reference to the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 shews a
section of the press on the line A, B, of Figure 3; Figure 2 is an
elevation looking in the direction of the arrows E, E, of Figure 3; and
Figure 3 is a cross section on the line C, D, of Figure 1.

page_text: The press is driven by means of the pulley a keyed to the shaft b.
On the shaft is fixed the claw which draws the ratchet wheel one
tooth at each rotation of the pulley a. The ratchet wheel v has the same
number of teeth as there are moulds / in the metal drum i, in this case,
for instance, 14. The drum i is firmly connected with the ratchet
wheel and rests on the shaft a' turning in the bearing b¹. When
therefore the ratchet wheel v has been drawn forwards by the distance
of one tooth the moulds % of the drum i will also have been similarly
moved. On the shaft 6 is also fixed the eccentric for the stamp n. The
stamp is actuated by the rod or pressure arm c. The stamp n moves in
the guide m and fits exactly into the moulds of the drum i.
In order to prevent the adhesion of the stamp to the particles of sugar
and to obtain smooth clean bars the stamp has not only a reciprocating
motion to and from the drum i but also receives a sideways motion
parallel to the axis of the drum by means of the excentric g* fixed on
the shaft b. This excentric 9* transmits pressure by the arm to the
bent lever P which pushes the front moveable part of the stamp n for
about three millimetres in the direction indicated by an arrow. When
the stamp 1, n, is drawn back the projection / which is firmly connected
with the piece 7 presses against the roller n¹ and forces the piece / to
assume its first position; this action is best shown in Figure 3. On the
shaft 6 is also fixed the crank which moves the stamp 8 by means of
the connecting rod d. This stamp is intended for removing the stamped
bar from its mould and like the pressure stamp it fits precisely into the
mould. The stamps has only a reciprocating motion but ought to have
also a sideway motion, partly in order to free it from any adhering sugar
and partly in order to keep the bar nicely smooth. For this purpose the
bar itself instead of the stamp receives a displacement of about three
millimetres against the stamp. This is effected by the excentric g*
acting by means of a rod coupled with an arm on the axis of the lever p.
This rod acts on the bent lever d', e³, pivotted at g¹ and pushing the
rod f' forwards until the bar of sugar ejected from the drum i by means
of the stamps has been displaced by about three millimetres.
return movement of the bar f¹ is caused by the projection
roller n¹. The movement of the stamps n and s into the drum i and out
of it takes place at the same moment as the sideways motion parallel to
the axis of the drum. Only the combination of these movements renders
it possible to keep the pressure surfaces of the stamps clean and produce
8
The
and

page_text: sharp cornered smooth bars of sugar; 8' is the guide for the stamp s.
At the side of the guide s¹ the pressure plate x is fixed. This plate
serves as a bottom for the moulds while they are being filled. The
hoppert stands on legs over the drum i and five studded rollers o driven
by bands on the pulleys e and frotate therein.
It has been found that on account of the great speed at which the
apparatus works losses were incurred by the finished strip being ejected
faster than they could be removed. In order to correct this a self-acting
arrangement was made for throwing the drum i out of gear; this
On the inside of the ratchet
arrangement is best visible in Figure 4.
wheel v two projections 10¹ are cast, which when the drum has made
half a rotation raise the projection w and the lever arm ≈ until the
ratchet pawl g can no longer take hold of the ratchet teeth. The motion
of the drum i therefore stops whilst the other parts of the press remain
in action. By pressing on the stud a the bar, is depressed and the
projection & strikes against the lever arm & which is pivotted at ¹. As
the bar is connected with the lever arm y, and this with the pawl g the
projection as soon as the stud a is pressed down turns the arm ô
round the pivot z¹ until the pin to has slid off the projection 10¹. The
pawl g therefore falls down again and is again free to act upon the ratchet
wheel until the following projection raises the arm and again throws
the drum out of gear.
The apparatus is operated in the following manner:-The sugar
having been freed from liquid in an ordinary centrifugal apparatus but
so as to be neither too moist nor too dry, is put into the hopper t while
the stamp and all other parts except the drum are in action. When the
box is full the attendant presses on the stud a whereby the drum i is
thrown into gear and comes into action. The pressed or stamped bars
are caught on special separate removable boards A, preferably in such
a manner that seven bars lic in a row. After seven bars have been
delivered the drum is thrown out of gear; this gives the attendant time
to push the board along the plate B and then press upon the stud, thus
causing again seven bars to be formed.
The bars of sugar manufactured with this apparatus have sharp edges,

page_text: manufacture of sugar in
umps or bars, substantially as described.
Second. The means by which the accumulation of sugar upon the
aces of the stamps is prevented, substantially as described.
Third. The self-acting throwing out of gear, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Tomlinson Bousfield, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
five.