Improvements in and connected with Apparatus for using Liquid Fuel for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Nov., 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Apparatus for using Liquid
Fuel for Lighting and Heating Purposes.
I, HENRI GALOPIN, of Temple Court, Place, Chancery Lane, Melbourne, in the
Colony of Victoria, Scientific Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
CC
•
This invention consists of certain improvements upon an invention entitled
Improvements in and connected with apparatus for regulating the supply of liquid
hydrocarbon to lamp and other burners in houses, railway carriages and other
structures," for which I obtained British Letters Patent dated the Seventeenth day
of November One thousand eight hundred and ninety one and numbered 19,880.
In the Specification of that invention I described a system of distributing liquid
fuel to the lamp and other burners throughout a building, or elsewhere, from a
reservoir supported in some convenient position at a higher level than any of the
burners to be supplied, and I described the use of certain automatic valves for
regulating the flow of liquid fuel from the supply pipes to the burners in the lamps,
chandeliers, brackets or stoves to be maintained.
}
Now, my invention consists in certain improvements in the apparatus which I
then described, and its object is to simplify such apparatus, and at the same time to
render it more convenient and effective for the purposes required. It comprises an
improvement in the main reservoir or kerosene tin from whence the supply of liquid
fuel is obtained, the screwed piece for connecting the main service pipe to said
reservoir being let into a recess in the side thereof instead of being allowed to
project as heretofore. The valve casing on the upper end of the main service pipe
is fitted with an air tube extending up to above the level of the liquid in the main
reservoir, and the spindle of said valve is made three-cornered or otherwise sided so
as to leave passages between it and said valve casing along which passages the oil
or liquid fuel can pass from the main reservoir to the service pipe, whilst air can pass
from said air pipe into the reservoir to supply the place of the oil withdrawn there-
from, thus obviating the necessity for making a vent-hole in said reservoir. The
end of this screw-threaded, sided spindle is pointed so that it can be forced through
a thin piece of metal in the side of the main reservoir, the opposite end of said
spindle being provided with a hand wheel or lever in order that it may be rotated
to effect this object.
In
In the case of bracket lamps, I support the oil reservoir between two brackets
secured to the wall, the uppermost one being fitted with a valve which can be
readily opened or closed by rotating its screw-threaded spindle so as to open or close
a passage leading through said bracket into the interior of the lamp reservoir.
this said reservoir is arranged a float carrying a valve which can be raised into
contact with the lower end of a tube having a small outlet opening in order to close
said outlet, and thus prevent any more fuel flowing into the reservoir or which when
the float falls will be carried down away from the end of said tube so as to opep
communication therethrough.
In the case of chandeliers, I have devised means whereby they may be readily
adjusted to a horizontal position, as well as a stuffing box whereby a perfectly tight
joint may be maintained around the central fixed tube which extends down into the
body of the chandelier, the essential feature of said stuffing box being the employ-
ment of a number of leather or other washers soaked in beeswax, together with a
series of washers made of a composition of glycerine and glue, pressed together by
means of a spring, the two tubes through which the liquid passes being moreover
arranged to slide closely one upon the other.

page_text: The lower end of the tube which slides up and down within the fixed tube just
referred to is fitted with a valve of peculiar construction whereby said tube can be
closed either automatically should the oil rise in the reservoir above a certain level,
or by hand when it is required to remove the reservoir and lower part of the
chandelier for the purposes of alterations or repairs. When it is required to auto-
matically close this pipe, as soon as the lower part of the chandelier is removed, I
prefer to employ a small weighted valve whose tendency is to drop down into such
a position as to automatically close the discharge opening in the lower end of said
pipe but which is normally held by the float in the reservoir at such a height as to
open such discharge opening. Should, however, the liquid rise in the reservoir
beyond a certain height the float is arranged to still further raise this valve and
shut off communication. I have devised several modifications of this valve, which
I will describe more particularly hereafter.
The lamp glasses and chimneys to be used with this system of lighting are
supported upon a carrier or holder secured to a rod arranged to slide up and down
in guides on the lamp so that they can be lifted bodily and then turned back out of
the way to expose the wick so that it can be easily trimmed whenever it requires it.
The clip or holder for the lamp glass or chimney is formed of a stout piece of wire
or rod bent round so as to encircle its lower end and then secured by riveting or
otherwise to the base plate of the holder. This base plate or upper gallery is
formed with small stops or projections to prevent the lamp glass being pushed down
too far, thus leaving a clear space for the inlet of the air into such chimney.
A piece of gauze or other perforated metal is fitted upon the upper gallery of the
lamp and around the glass chimney to more effectually regulate the supply of air
thereto, and the baffle or deflecting plate arranged above the circular wick of the
lamp is made of a piece of thin perforated sheet metal, gauze, or other suitable
material, which may be fitted with a smaller circular piece of wire gauze or plain
metal in order to more effectually distribute the air to the inside of the circular
flame.
Instead of making the floats for operating the automatic valves used for regulating
the supply of liquid fuel into the reservoir with a seam or joint near the centre or
upper part thereof, I make them simply cup or dome-shaped without any bottom at
all, merely allowing the liquid fuel to act upon the air contained in said cup or
dome.
According to a modification of this part of my invention, I sometimes make, the
floats with a flat bottom soldered or spun over the lower edge, and thus obtain
practically the same result, it being obvious that even if this joint does leak to a
certain extent, the liquid fuel will merely rise within the float till it has
the air to a sufficient extent to raise said float.
compressed
In some cases where several lamp or other burners are on the same level, I
dispense with the necessity for employing a regulating float in connection with
each burner by making one float answer the purpose. In this case I form the
bracket lamps simply with the inner end of the inain tube secured to a pivot
piece in whose upper end is arranged a stuffing box consisting of washers or
rings of glycerine and glue held tightly one against the other by means of a spiral
spring.
In some cases where ordinary tins of kerosene are easily available, I provide a
holder having a small upwardly projecting pointed tube in its lower end, together
with a clamp at its upper end, said pointed tube communicating with a reservoir
containing a float acting upon a valve adapted to automatically open or close the
end of said tube which is made strong enough and sufficiently pointed to pierce
through the bottom of the kerosene tin, when the latter is pressed down by a clamp
lever or handle acting upon its upper end. In this case a small washer of glycerine
and glue is fitted around the pointed tube so as to form a tight joint between it and
the bottom of the kerosene tin when the latter is pierced to enable its contents to be
drawn off.
..
According to a modification of the burners of the lamp, I sometimes arrange the

page_text: wick around a wick holder or tube, and I attach the lower end of said wick to a
spiral spring whose tendency is to continually raise it against one or more
projecting pieces fixed on the end of the wick-holder tube so as to prevent the
wick being raised above a certain level while they do not interfere with the
burning of the flame. Alongside this wick I arrange a toothed pinion having its
teeth cut off for about one-half of its circumference so that when the pinion is
turned round out of engagement with the wick the latter will be raised by the
spring above referred to and thus will always be maintained at the required height.
Sometimes I prefer to fit loosely on the upper end of the wick an annular cap
having one or more bridge pieces which extend across the end of the wick and rise
and fall with it, thereby exposing for the maintenance of flame but one definite
length of wick which is determined by the projection of the bridge piece.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Figure is a side elevation, shown partly in section, of a kerosene tin or reservoir
with the screwed coupling piece let into a recess in the side thereof.
Figure 2 is a central section of the valve which is fitted on the upper end of the
main supply pipe to enable the oil reservoir to be readily connected to it..
Figure 2 is a cross section of the screw-threaded spindle shown in Figure 2.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a bracket lamp, which I have devised for use with
my system of distributing liquid fuel to lamp and other burners.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of nearly the whole of a chandelier, embodying
certain improvements which I have devised.
Figure 5 is a vertical central section of a stuffing box which I use for making a
tight joint around the main fixed pipe of the chandelier.
Figure 6 is a vertical central section of the lower end of the inlet tube of the
chandelier, showing a valve adapted to enable said tube to be closed or opened
by hand.
Figures 7 to 12 are vertical central sections of various modified forms of the
valves used for automatically opening or closing the end of the supply tube of the
chandelier.
Figure 13 is a side elevation, and
:
Figure 14 a vertical central section of a burner adapted for use on either a
bracket or other lamp or chandelier.
}
Figure 16 is a sectional elevation of a chandelier, embodying various other
improvements that I have devised.
Figure 15 is a horizontal section on line 15-15, Figure 14..:
Figure 16 is a sectional view of the valve fitted in the lower part of said
chandelier illustrating a modification thereof.
Figure 17 is a sectional elevation showing an arrangement whereby kerosene tins
may be conveniently utilised as main reservoirs.
Figure 17 is a sectional elevation of part of the apparatus therein shown.
Figure 18 is a plan of the apparatus illustrated in Figure 17, but drawn to a
much smaller scale.
Figure 19 is a sectional elevation of a bracket lamp, including a modified con-
struction of automatic regulating valve.
Figure 20 is a vertical central section of an arrangement of bracket lamp which
I employ where several lamps can be worked from one level.
2
Figure 21 is a sectional elevation of a kerosene tin fitted within a receptacle and
connected with the main service pipe.
Figure 22 is a side elevation, and
Figure 23 a vertical central section of a wick holder or burner which I have
devised, together with a contrivance for preventing the wick being raised too high.
Figure 24 is a plan of the upper part of a wick, and―
Figure 25 is a vertical section (on line 25-25, Figure 24) of another contrivance
which I sometimes use fór ensuring only the required amount of wick being
exposed..

page_text: Figure 26 is a sectional view of a lamp glass fitted with a cleaning contrivance
which I have devised.
A. (Figure 1) represents a kerosene tin or reservoir which is to be connected to
the main supply pipe of the service, whilst a represents a screwed piece to which
said end may be connected by a union coupling or otherwise. Within this screwed
connecting piece a is a piece of thin tin, a', or other material that can readily be
pierced through as hereinafter described.. a represents a piece of wire gauze or
other material placed over the inside of the screwed connecting piece, u, which
latter, instead of being allowed to project from the side of the tin or reservoir, A;
is let into a recess, a³, formed in the side thereof, as illustrated, the object being to
enable the tins to be packed closer together and thus save space, and at the same
time protect the screwed connecting piece a from injury.
In order that the kerosene tin or reservoir shown in Figure 1 may be readily
connected to the end of the main service pipe in such a way as to admit air into
such tin or reservoir without having to make an air hole therein, I have devised
the apparatus illustrated in Figure 2, consisting of a pointed screw-threaded
spindle,, provided with a small handle or wheel, 1, and passing through a
casing, 2, adapted to be connected by means of a coupling, h, with the screw-
threaded piece, a, in the tin or reservoir, A. The forward end of this screw-
threaded spindle is pointed, as illustrated at B, and the casing, 2, is provided with
an air tube, , extending up to above the level of the top of the tin or reservoir A.
6 represents a washer (preferably of leather souked in beeswax) to ensure a tight
joint being made around the rear end of the spindle, b, when the point B has been
forced through the thin plate, a', in the side of the tin or reservoir, A. The spindle, b,
is formed with three or more grooves or flats, 66, along it from end to end, as
illustrated in cross-section at Figure 2A, the effect being to allow air to pass from
the air tube, , along the uppermost of the grooves or flats in said spindle, and thus
into the tin or reservoir, A, at the same time that the liquid fuel in said tin or
reservoir is all-wed to pass therefrom along the lower of said grooves or passages
into the main service pipe (which is connected to 6) whereby it will be conducted
to the various lamp and other burners throughout the building.
The pointed end, B, of this screw-threaded spindle is made triangular, square or
otherwise sided in order that openings or spaces may be left between said sides
and the round hole formed by it in the thin sheet, a', in the side of the tin or
reservoir, A.
•
Referring to Figure 3. C represents the reservoir of a bracket lamp which is
supported between two brackets, -c¹, secured to and projecting from a wall-
plate, or other convenient support The uppermost bracket, c', is fitted with a
stop valve, whereby the port or passage leading from the supply pipe D may be
opened or closed at will, the spindle, c, of said valve being screw-threaded at one
end, as illustrated, and provided with a small thumbscrew or hand wheel, c³,
whereby it may be rotated in order to operate the valve, ³. A short length of
pipe, e, lends down from the passage through which the spindle, c, passes into the
reservoir C, the lower end of said -pipe being reduced in size and being provided
with a small hole which can be automatically opened or closed according to the
height of liquid in said reservoir by a float, E, fitted with a valve consisting of a
cup, e, in which is a block of composition, e', made of glycerine and glue so arranged
as that when the float, E, rises it will contact with the lower end of tube, c, and
thus close the opening therein.
This block can, if preferred, be encased in a small piece of oilskin so. as to
'preserve its form in hot weather.
Referring to Figure 4. D represents a pipe leading from the main service pipe
to conduct the liquid fuel into the reservoir, C, whilst f represents a sleeve
encircling the upper part of the tube, D, and to which the chandelier is hung by
means of a union coupling, . In order that the chandelier may be adjusted into
its horizontal position, I screw studs, f³, into a flange, f³, on the upper end of the

page_text: nain sleeve or outer tube, f, of the chandelier so that the upper ends of said
crewed studs bear against the underside of a flange, f, on the lower end of the .
leeve, f. It will be readily understood that when it is required to adjust the
chandelier into any desired position, it is merely necessary to slack back one or
other of the screwed studs, f, by any convenient means. f represents a tube, into
which the lower end of the tube, D, fits, as shown, and which slides up and down
hereon. In order to make a perfectly tight joint between the inner tube, D, and
the outer one, f, in addition to making one tube fit tightly over the other, I
have devised a stuffing box which is more clearly illustrated in Figure 5. It
consists of an outer casing or tube, f, into the lower end of which is screwed the
tube, f, whilst the upper end is closed by a screwed plug or otherwise. The lower
half of this casing or tube, f, is filled with a series of leather washers, 8, soaked in
beeswax, whilst the upper part is filled or partially filled with a number of
washers, f, made of a composition of glycerine and glue. A solid metal dividing
piece, 10, is formed inside the casing, f', so as to separate the washers, fo, from the
washers, f, and allow a variable or elastic pressure to be put upon the former.
This is done by means of a spiral spring, ƒ", encircling the tube, D, and
fitting within a sliding cylinder, f", made so as to fit closely within the casing, f.
By this means the kerosene or other liquid fuel will be effectually prevented from
escaping between the two tubes, D-f, whilst at the same time the chandelier can
be raised and lowered in the ordinary manner.
The lower end of the tube, f, as well as the sleeve, f, are screwed into a valve
casing, (Figure 4) through which is formed a hole, g', in which is fitted a screw-
threaded spindle, g, one end of which carries a valve, 93, adapted to open or close
the end of the hole, g', where it leads into the passage, g, communicating with the
pipe, represents a shield or casing which can be fitted down over the valve
casing, y, in order to enclose same and form an ornamentation for the chandelier.
From the hole, g', extends a downward projecting tube, c, which passes into thie
reservoir, C, of the lamp. It is formed with a small hole to feed the oil or other
liquid fuel into said reservoir at a very slow rate, and its end can be closed by
means of a valve, e', secured upon the float, E, and constructed and operating in the
same way as the float and valve shown in Figure 3. e represents a guide rod
which passes through the float, E, and is fitted into a hole in the lower part of the
chandelier, as illustrated in the drawing.
In order that the lower end of the discharge tube, f6, of the chandelier may be
opened or closed at will, when for instance it is desired to remove the oil reservoir
and burners, I screw a sleeve, e³, over the lower end of said tube, as illustrated
in Figure 6, and fit a piece of glycerine and glue composition, e', in the lower
part of the said sleeve, so that when it is required to remove the reservoir and
burners of the chandelier all that is necessary is to turn this sleeve, e³, so as to lift
the valve, e, against the lower end of the tube, 18, and thus close it.
The valve illustrated in Figure 7 is an equilibrium valve, and is intended to be
is
used where there is a high pressure of liquid fuel. The lower end of tube, f',
secured, as shown, to a casing, e³, from the inside of which a passage, et, leads down
to the discharge opening of said valve. Through this discharge opening is passed
a spindle, carrying a piston, e (formed of glycerine and glue at its apper end,
and a weight, e', at its lower end. The upper part of this weight, e', is recessed as
illustrated at e, and the rccess is filled with some packing composition such as a
mixture of glycerine and glue.
,
The hole in which the piston, e, slides communicates through an air bole, e', with
the atmosphere in order that the said piston may not be prevented by back pressure
from being raised when the float, E, comes in contact with the weight, e. This
piston, e, is so arranged that if the reservoir, and therefore the float, E, is removed
from the chandelier or other apparatus in which this valve is fitted the weight, e,
will pull the piston, e, down so as to close the opening at the bottom of the passage
or channel, and thus prevent the oil or other liquid fuel leaking. When the
reservoir and float are replaced in position, the float raises said piston to a sufficient

page_text: height to leave a clear passage for the oil to pass, but should the oil rise above a
certain level in the reservoir, the float, E, will lift the weight, e', and the piston, e,
until the packing, e, is brought against the discharge opening of the valve, the
effect of which will be to seal such opening and prevent any further escape of oil.
In the modified form of valve illustrated in Figure 8 the casing, e³, is arranged to
slide up and down upon a piece of small tube, e, projecting down from the lower
end of the tube, f. This small tube, e, is provided at its centre with discharge
openings, e, leading into a chamber, e, in the valve casing, from which chamber
passages, e', lead out into the oil reservoir. Within the vertically sliding valve
casing, e, above and below the chamber, e¹¹, I arrange pieces of packing material, e¹³,
which fit tightly around the tube, e', and effectually prevent the oil from passing
from the chamber, e", other than through the passages, e¹³. The valve casing is
weighted, as shown, and its tendency is to fall. It is, however, normally held in
position (shown in Figure 8) by the float, E, but should more than the required
amount of oil flow into reservoir, C, this float will raise said valve until the lower
ring of packing material, e", passes over the holes, 10, in the tube, e', and thus shuts
off the supply.
"
If the reservoir, C, and float, E, be removed, the opposite movement will take
place; that is, the valve will fall until the upper packing ring, es, passes over the
holes, e, and thereby closes them, when it will be prevented from further movement
by a nut on the lower end of the tube, et. In order that this valve may be closed
whenever required, as for instance for the purpose of effecting repairs, or in order
to prevent the oil "creeping" when the. burner is not in use for some time, I fit a
cam ring, H, around the valve casing and form it with its upper surface inclined, so
that if it is turned round, said inclined surface will pass underneath the head of a
bolt or pin, h, projecting up from the float, E, and will therefore raise said float, the
effect of which will be to also raise the valve, e³, and thus cause it to close the
openings, e, in the discharge pipe, e. By this means the flow of liquid into
the reservoir, C, may be stopped at will, and at the same time a vacant space will
be left under the float which will at once be filled with the oil contained in the
burners, thus lowering the level of the oil in said burners until there is not sufficient
oil for the wick to absorb. By turning the cam, H, back, the oil is at once forced
into the burners. This contrivance can also be used with the various valves and
floats herein described.
I sometimes construct the floats, E, as illustrated in Figure 8; that is, open at
the bottom and spun out of a solid sheet of metal, instead of having a seam or joint
about midway of their height. With this construction the air contained within the
float, E, is compressed and thus makes the float buoyant, and it will of course be
obvious that no liquid can enter the float above a certain height, as there will be no
leakage through the float itself, owing to its being solid and made without joint or
seam of any description. This construction saves considerable time and labour in
manufacturing, as well as in testing floats. The guide rod, e, is in this arrangement
shown as sliding within a sleeve projecting up from the bottom of the reservoir, C,
which is in this, as in other cases, provided with an air hole to allow the kerosene
to rise and fall as required.
The valve illustrated in Figure 9 is of similar construction to that shown in
Figure 8, the difference being that the packing, e, is fitted around a groove in the
tube, e, and passes through a valve casing, e, provided with a discharge opening, el,
which when the float, E, is in its normal position comes opposite to a corresponding
hole formed through the packing ring, e³, and tube, e, thus providing a clear
discharge for the liquid fuel to pass from the supply pipe, D, into the reservoir, C.
The valve illustrated in Figure 10 is similar to that shown in Figure 6, except
that the sealing composition, e, is contained within a small cup or receptacle,
secured upon the float, E, and having an upwardly projecting sleeve, e³, encircling
the lower end of the tube, f. Around the lower end of the sleeve or outer casing,f,
of the chandelier, I arrange a cam ring, H, so that it will act upon a pin, h,
projecting from the sleeve, e, and when it is turned round will lift said sleeve, e

page_text: nd therefore the valve, e', against the discharge end of the tube, f, thus closing the
rifice therein and stopping the flow of liquid fuel to the reservoir, C.
In the valve illustrated in Figures 11 and 12 the outer tube, f, down which the
iquid fuel passes, is screwed into a casing, e³, which is formed with a chamber from
which a tube, e', leads down into the reservoir, C. Through this tube passes a
od, e, carrying a valve, e, at its upper end and another valve, e', at its lower end.
In this lower valve is inserted a piece of glycerine and glue composition, e, adapted
o make a tight joint around the lower end of the tube, e. This said lower end of
aid tube is screw-threaded, as illustrated, and a sleeve, h, is fitted over it, the lower
end of said sleeve being correspondingly threaded, so that when rotated it will move
up and down the tube, e. The upper end of this sleeve, h, is provided with a small
thumb wheel, H, so that when it is required to remove the float and other parts of
the chandelier, and it is therefore necessary to prevent the oil from escaping, this
small milled wheel, H, can be turned so as to cause the lower end of the sleeve, h,
to project down beyond the lower end of the tube, e', until it bears against the
valve, e, and forces it down, the effect being to draw the valve, e, down tightly
upon the upper end of the tube, e, and thus prevent the escape of fuel therethrough.
Upon the float, E, I arrange a short cylinder, N, in which works a piston, n, which
is normally kept in its raised position by a spiral spring, n', fitted between it and
the bottom of said cylinder, N. This spring, when the valve, e, is drawn down by
means of the milled wheel, H, will be compressed, unless the float, E, has been
previously removed, and the effect will be when said float is replaced that this
spring will tend to raise said valve, e, and again open communication from the
pipe, f, into the reservoir, C. This spring arrangement upon the float can be used
if desired with some of the other arrangements of valves (as illustrated by way of
example in Figure 16^) in order to raise them off their seat when it is required to
again open communication into the reservoir of the lamp; also with the cam,
to raise the float and prevent creeping as described in Figure 8.
H,.
The lamp glass chimney holder which I have invented consists of a piece of
stout wire or rod, I, bent round so as to encircle the lower end of the lamp chimney,
and having a piece of perforated sheet metal or wire gauze, i, projecting up from
the base plate, i, to which said bent wire, I, is riveted or otherwise secured, as
shown. This base plate, i', is bolted or otherwise secured to the upper end of a bar
or rod,, passing through an opening, ³, formed in a lug projecting from the side of
the lamp burner. Upon this lug is secured a flat spring,, the lower end of which
bears against a flat on the rod, , and thus always tends to hold it in position. The
upper end of this said rod is also provided with a small projecting handle, i,
whereby said rod may be raised and turned round, carrying with it the base plate i
and the lamp glass holder, I, piece of gauze, i; and the usual globe or shade
holder,, up to above the level of the top of the wick, when said rod,, can be
'turned round so as to swing the glass chimney and globe clear of the wick to enable
said wick to be trimmed or otherwise attended to. When the rod, i, is turned
is arranged
round in the manner just described, the lower end of the spring,,
'to fit into a recess, 17, in the lower end of said rod, so as to keep it in its raised
5 position.
For large lamps I prefer to cut rack teeth on the rod, 1, and to use a pinion
instead of the spring .
!
.:
On the base plate, i, are three projecting pieces, 13, for preventing the
lamp glass from touching the base plate, thus leaving a passage for the air,
which is better regulated by a piece of perforated metal or gauze secured on the
base plate and fitting around glass chimney. This use of air from an upper
gallery as well as from the ordinary gallery allows of a longer and whiter flame
before smoking.
1..
Above the top of the wick I arrange a small baffle plate, J; made of perforated
5 sheet metal, gauze, or other suitable material, in order to better distribute the air
end
to the interior of the circular flame. This battle plate is carried on the upper
of a tube, j, the lower end of which is formed with two L-shaped wings, j,

page_text: which are arranged to spring closely within the wick tube, that is, within the
tube around which the wick is fitted, the objects being to permit of its easy
removal in order to clean the air passage of wick tube, and avoid the fitting part
from marking the flame. The lower end of the tube, j, is screwed into an
ornamental cup or receptacle, *, which serves to catch the charred pieces of wick
falling out of the wick tube, represents the pinion which is arranged to
engage with the wick to enable it to be raised or lowered. I prefer that said
pinion should engage directly with the wick without employing a rack or holder to
carry it.
The construction of lamp burner and chimney holder, &c., which I have just
described, is applicable to either bracket, standard or ordinary lamps, chandeliers,
or other burners.
The baffle may be cup-shaped or flat, with a plain part of small diameter in
the centre according to the shape of the glass.
The chandelier illustrated in Figure 16 is similar to that shown in Figure 4, the
only difference being that the coupling connecting it to the service pipe or fixed
support around said service pipe is somewhat different, ordinary set screws,, being
used to obtain the horizontal adjustment required, and the flange, f, being
screwed upon a socket piece, which is screwed into the flanged piece,, sufficient
play being left between the screw threads to allow the chandelier to be brought
into its horizontal position.
The construction of the stuffing box around the service pipe, D, is the same
as before, and the float, E, is constructed in the same manner as illustrated in
Figure 8. The valve for closing the lower end of the tube, f, consists of a heavy
piston, e, carrying a block or washer, e', of glycerine and glue at its upper end,
and having a washer, es, of similar material around its lower end, the effect if the
float, E, is removed being that said weighted piston will fall and the washer, e³, on
its lower end will close the opening leading into the reservoir, C, whereas normally
said float raises said valve until sufficient liquid is passed into the reservoir, C, to
lift it above a certain height so as to press the block of composition, el, against the
end of the tube, f, thus effectually closing it. The cam ring, H, as before, acts
upon the head of the rod, h, and so, lifts the float, E, and enables the valve to be
closed when desired, as above described.
I
Sometimes I arrange a kerosene tin, as illustrated in Figures 17 and 18, that is,
take an ordinary kerosene tin and place it upon a bracket, K, projecting from a
strong wall plate, k, in such a position as that a pointed tube, k', will press against
,the underside of one corner of the tin. I then screw down the spindle, ³, so as to
force said. tin down upon said pointed tube, k', and thus cause said tube to pierce
the bottom of the tin. represents another small pointed tube which is fixed to
a plate,,, on the lower end of the screw-threaded spindle or rod, k³, so that when
said rod is pressed down it will pierce the top of the tin, A, and thus allow air to
enter and take the place of the liquid fuel issuing therefrom. By this means
ordinary kerosene tins can be connected to the main service pipe in an easy and
expeditious manner, and the necessity is obviated for pumping from the tins into
a main reservoir, the cost of which latter is also of course saved. The washer, k,
of glycerine and glue is fitted around the tube, k¹, to make a tight joint around the
bottom of the tin, A, when said.tube is passed through it.
In cases where all the burners to be supplied from the reservoir are on the same
level, it is merely necessary to employ one float E, for regulating the supply of
liquid fuel to the whole of the burners. In this case it may be fitted immediately
underneath the tin, A, as illustrated in Figure 17, the main service pipe, D, leading
from the reservoir to the different burners. Au automatic valve, e, of similar
construction to that shown in Figure 16 may be used in connection with the
float, E, to regulate the supply into the reservoir, C, and a cam ring, H, can also
be arranged as hereinbefore described to enable said valve to be closed at will.
The float, E, shown in this figure is formed with a seam, e", around its lower
edge, the whole of the upper part of the float being spun out of one solid sheet of

page_text: metal. By this means even should the seam, e", not be quite oil-tight; the liquid
will only rise within the float, E, to. a slight extent because of the air therein, and
thus its buoyancy will not be materially interfered with.
If preferred, in order that the kerosene tin shown in Figure 17 may be connected,
to the end of the service pipe instead of to the reservoir, C, I provide a screwed..
coupling ring, es, as illustrated in Figure 17A, so that said reservoir can be
disconnected, and the main supply pipe substituted.
Referring to Figure 19. The oil reservoir, C, of bracket lamps may sometimes
be supported as shown in this figure, that is between two brackets, c-c', projecting.
from a wall plate, c, the lower bracket being removable from said wall plate to
allow the reservoir, C, to be taken away when required. The valve shown in this
figure consists of a piston, e, formed with a recess at its upper end, which is filled.
with a piece of glycerine and glue composition, e', and having a guide pin, e³,
passing down through the casing, e³, a washer, e, of glycerine and glue composition..
being fitted around said rod below the piston, e, so that when said piston is allowed
to fall, that is, when the float E is removed, it will make a tight joint, and close the
bottom of the valve casing, e. This latter fits tightly within a recess formed for
the purpose, in the upper part of the reservoir, C, as shown. In order to make a
tight joint between the two halves of the reservoir, C, I fit a ring of glycerine and
glue composition, c', within a groove, in the edge of one of said halves, and I con-
struct the adjacent edge of the opposite half so that it fits within said groove, and
bears against said washer, thereby, when it is tightened up, forming a perfectly
tight joint, as, will be well understood. Where a number of burners are arranged
upon the same level, and can therefore be worked by the same float and automatic
valve, such as that illustrated in Figure 17, I prefer to construct the bracket lamps,
as illustrated in Figure 20, that is, with the pivot piece, L, supported by the lower
projecting bracket, c, and formed with an annular projection, l, fitting into a corre-
sponding groove in the upper bracket, c', in which groove is fitted a washer against
which said annular projection, l, bears so as to make a perfectly tight joint. The
upper end of this pivot piece, L, is. formed with a recess, l, in which are fitted a
number of glycerine and glue washers, , against which bears a hollow piston,,
fitted with a spiral spring, whereby a steady pressure is maintained against said
washers so as to form a tight joint around the tube, , which conducts the liquid
fuel into the main pipe of the bracket. A stop valve, c³, of similar construction to.
that shown in Figure 3 is also provided to enable the supply to be cut off when it is
desired to remove the bracket for any purpose.
If preferred, the tins of kerosene to be used as oil reservoirs may be dropped, as-
illustrated in Figure 21, into a receptacle, K, in the lower end of which is arranged
a tube, k', around which is fitted a washer, kb, and below which is an automatic
stop valve, float, and oil reservoir of similar construction to that shown in Figure 17..
Over the receptacle, K, is arranged a lever, k, which can be drawn down so as to
press upon the kerosene tin, A, and thus force the pointed tube, k', to pierce the
bottom thereof. The lever, k², may be secured in its depressed position by means
of a set screw, k®.
$
Sometimes I arrange the wick of the lamp burners, as illustrated in Figures 22,
and 23; that is, so that they fit moderately tightly around the wick tube, j', but.
are free, to slide thereon, and I connect. the lower ends of said wicks to a spiral.
spring, M, whose upper end is secured to a collar, m, fitting within the upper part
of the oil reservoir, the effect being to keep the spring, M; always in tension, so
that it tends to raise the wick. It is prevented doing so beyond a certain extent.
by small pieces, m', projecting over the wick in one or more places. Figures 24.
and 25 show another way of keeping the wick from being raised too high by fitting
round the wick loosely an annular piece of metal with one or more bridge pieces, m
the distance between the bridge pieces and the annular surface being the required.
length of wick to be exposed to feed the flame. The pinion,, engaging with the
wick is formed with teeth' around about one-half of its diameter, as illustrated in:
Figure 23, the other half being plain, as shown. When it is required to light the
B
t

page_text: lamp this pinion is turned back, so that its plain portion is against the wick. It is
thus freed, and will be raised by the spiral spring, M. Should it be required to
lower the wick, this pinion is turned round until its teeth engage with said wick
and push it down in the ordinary manner. By this means one half-turn is sufficient
to ensure the wick being raised to the required height, which will be regulated by
the stop-pieces, m¹, as will be well understood.
In order that lamp glasses may be easily and effectually cleaned without so much
risk of breakage as hitherto, I have devised the apparatus illustrated in Figure 26,
consisting of two curved levers, pivoted together at or about their centres, some-
what after the manner of a pair of scissors or tongs. The inner ends of these levers
are curved to such a shape as to conform with the shape of the interior of the lamp
chimney to be cleaned, whilst the outer ends of said levers serve the purpose of
handles to enable the apparatus to be used. A piece of cloth or other material is
wrapped round the inner curved ends of these levers, in order that the interior of
the glass may be wiped round, as will be well understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and, heating purposes the
employment of a kerosene tin or reservoir (such as A) to contain the liquid fuel,
having a recess (such as a³) in which is fitted the coupling piece to which the main
service pipe is to be connected, and having a thin piece of sheet metal (such as a¹)
adapted to be easily pierced through together with wire gauze (such as a³) across
the inside orifice of said screwed coupling piece, substantially as and for the
purposes herein described and explained, and as illustrated in Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings.
2. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the
employment of a screw-threaded spindle formed with channels or grooves (such
as ) and having a pointed end (such as B) adapted to be forced through a piece
of thin metal let into the side of the kerosene tin or reservoir from which the
supply of kerosene is to be obtained, the other end of said spindle being pro-
vided with a hand wheel, and the casing of said spindle having an air pipe
(such as ) extending up to above the fuel in the tin or reservoir, substantially
as and for the purposes herein described and explained, and as illustrated in
Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the
combination with a bracket (such as c) having a passage (such as ) formed
through it, of a screw-threaded spindle carrying a stop valve (such as c³) adapted
to open and close said passage, substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and explained, and as illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the
employment of a stuffing box in a chandelier, consisting of a sleeve or tube (such
as ) fitted with a series of leather or other washers (such as f³) in one half,
and with a series of washers formed of glycerine and glue pressed closely together
by means of a spiral spring (such as fi¹) in the other half, the two said halves
being divided by a metal dividing piece (such as f10) inside said sleeve, the whole
being constructed substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
explained, and as illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
5. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the
employment of a valve, having its seating or sealing part made of a composition of
glycerine and glue, or of a pulp of leather or cork and glycerine and glue, enclosed
or surrounded by an envelope of oilskin, substantially as and for the purposes
herein described and explained and as illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12,
13, 16, 17, and 19 of the accompanying drawings.
6. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the

page_text: combination with an oil reservoir (such as C) of a float (such as E) carrying a
valve (such as e,) adapted to open or close the delivery pipe or opening leading
into said reservoir, substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
explained, and as illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 10 of the accompanying drawings.
7. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the
employment of a holder or support carrying the lamp chimney and globe or
shade secure upon the upper end of a vertically sliding rod (such as with a
spring (such as ) bearing against a flat cut on said rod, and adapted to engage
within a recess (such as 17,) when the said holder is raised, substantially as and for
the purposes herein described and explained, and as illustrated in Figures 13 and 14
of the accompanying drawings.
the
8. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and other
employment of a baffle-plate (such as J) fitted upon the upper end of a rod or
purposes,
tube (such as ) formed with shaped protecting guides or plates fitting tightly
within the wick tube substantially as and for the purposes herein described and
explained as illustrated in Figure 14 of the accompanying drawings.
9. In apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the
employment of a bracket (such as K) fitted with a short upwardly projecting
pointed tube (such as k¹,) together with some means (such, for instance, as the
screw-threaded rod ) for forcing a kerosene tin down upon said pointed tube
thereby opening an air hole by pressing down the point of a tube (such as k³)
connected to the hand screw, substantially as and for the purposes herein described
and explained, and as illustrated in Figures 17 and 18 of the accompanying
drawings.
10. In
apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating purposes, the
combination with a wick fitting round a tube of an annular ring connected by one
or more bridges, the space between the bridges and the upper annular surface being
sufficient to expose so much of the wick as will supply oil to flame without smoke,
the said annular ring moving freely up and down with the wick, substantially as
and for the purposes herein described and explained, and as illustrated in
Figures 24 and 25 of the accompanying drawings.
11. In combination with apparatus for using liquid fuel for lighting and heating
purposes, the employment of two levers, pivoted at about their centres to each
other and having their inner ends shaped to correspond with the inside of the lamp
glasses whilst their outer ends form handles, the whole being constructed and
arranged substantially as and for the purposes herein described and explained, and
as illustrated in Figure 26 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 31st day of October One thousand eight hundred and ninety twe
HENRI GALOPIN.
Wm. P. Thompson & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.