IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF GETTING WATER FROM ARTESIAN AND OTHER WELLS."
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Chapman, of Salford in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF GETTING
WATER FROM ARTESIAN AND OTHER WELLS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Chapman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1878.
CHARLES CHAPMAN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF GETTING WATER FROM ARTESIAN AND OTHER
WELLS."
In order to obtain a supply of pure water for large and small towns, villages, and
private establishments, and to dispense with gathering grounds and long conduits
and all similar costly works, I bore a hole. to, into,.or through the water-bearing
strata, and enable the water to rise in the bore. hole to the level of the underground
water of the district in which the hole is bored; and in favourable situations the.
water will flow out of the bore hole, but the flow or supply may be increased by
the application of pumps or other means.
If the bore hole be situated and the water obtained above the level of its distri-
bution I construct a syphon, the long arm of which is provided with one or more
air valves, and which arm forms the main, while the short arm dips into the bore
hole deep enough to reach the water level; and the pipes forming the said short
arm I make of the full diameter of the bore hole, so as to form an air-tight lining,
which is carefully puddled round for a suitable depth from the surface.
If surface water or other pollution is liable to contaminate the supply I drive the.
lining of pipes right down to the source of the supply or the bottom of the bore.
hole, and thus form a solid tube, which the water cannot enter, except from the
bottom.
-
If pumps are used they are fixed directly to the top of the pipe.
....

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Chapman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
February 1879.
CHARLES CHAPMAN, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF GETTING WATER, FROM ARTESIAN AND OTHER
WELLS."
My improvements have for their object the obtaining of a larger supply of water
from artesian and other wells with or without the application of mechanical power,
according to circumstances, and consist generally-speaking of an air-tight lining of
the bore hole, the application of a syphon if the water level of the district in which
the bore hole is situated is above the level at which the .supply is distributed, and
the connection of the lining by an air-tight joint to the syphon or to a pump or
pumps.
The lining of the bore hole is performed in the manner generally followed in these
operations, and usually consists of iron pipes made specially strong and sound, and
having suitable preparations for making good joints.
This lining is made for the purpose of preventing any communication between
the bore hole and the strata through which it has been sunk, so that it excludes the
water, air, and gases contained in or free to pass through these strata, as well as
the surface water from the bore hole, and that the water rising within the bore
hole from the intended source of supply is likewise prevented from running to waste
before reaching the surface.
I sometimes drive this lining down the whole depth of the bore hole, and unless
the upper strata is of an exceptionally solid and impervious character I carefully
puddle round the lining for a suitable depth.
If the outlet of the bore hole which is the top end of the lining is below the said
natural water level and above the level at which the supply is to be discharged
I connect a supply pipe to the said upper end of the lining by an air-tight joint,
both pipes, that is, the lining and the supply pipe, thus assuming the form of a
syphon. If the discharge of the supply is to be effected above the said natural
water level suitable pumps are connected to the said upper end of the lining by an
air-tight joint. I prefer making the air-tight connection of the syphon below the
natural water level of the bore hole and the air-tight connection of the pump or
pumps either just above or below the said water level, but these connections may
be made in any suitable position.
In order to describe my improvements more fully I proceed to a
Fig. 1 shows an imaginary geological section through the strata of which a bore
hole B has been sunk and lined to the bottom with the lining L. The line W
denotes the water level of the district and of the bore hole, and the line is the
highest level at which the supply is to be distributed, and which may be anywhere
below the upper water level WS is the syphon arm forming the supply pipe, and
which forms a continuation of the lining L, to which it is connected with the air-
tight joint J; M is the puddle.
The syphon is formed in the ordinary way of one or more lengths of pipes, with
suitable valves and other necessary appliances attached or inserted in their proper
places.
Fig. 2 shows an arrangement in which a pump P is connected direct to the
lining to lift the supply above the natural water level W of the bore hole.
In the Drawings valves, cocks, joints, and other details appertaining to such
arrangements are omitted.
Corresponding letters refer to corresponding parts.
+

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in practice,
I hereby declare that I do not confine myself to the exact forms and details
shewn in the Drawings, but I vary them according to the requirements of each
individual case, and I claim substantially and particularly,-
1. The application of a lining to artesian bore holes for the purpose of encreasing.
the supply therefrom.
2. The application of a syphon to artesian bore holes by coupling the same direct
to the lining of the bore hole.
3. Connecting a syphon or a pump or pumps to the lining of an artesian bore
hole direct by means of an air tight joint.
4. Puddling round the lining of artesian bore holes.
5. Making the connection of a syphon or of pumps below the natural water level
of the bore hole.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Chapman, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Vitness,
E. C. THOMPSON,
Clerk to A. Hildebrandt,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
C. CHAPMAN. (L.S.)