matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS, BOATS, BARGES AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN PROPELLING THEM
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hampden at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1876.
JOHN HAMPDEN, of Paternoster Row, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS, BOATS, BARGES AND OTHER VESSELS, AND IN
PROPELLING THEM."
The object of these improvements in steam ships and other vessels is to render
them safer in navigation, more roomy, and at the same time to greatly increase
their capacity for stowage of cargo, as well as improving their general convenience
by obtaining a much greater breadth of beam.
The improvements consist in widening the upper deck and cabins from or just
at or below the water line by about from three to five feet on either side, according
to the size of the vessel, that is to say, the extension of the starboard and port sides
of the hull forms a lateral projection giving an increase in the width of the vessel
of from six to eight fect, as well as increasing the stability and safety of the
hull when afloat. Below this projecting part the hull is built of the usual figure
down to the keel When the vessel is fully laden this outer deck or projecting
part may just dip below the water line, but fore and aft it should always be some
inches above the water line.
The second part of these improvements have reference to the construction of
vessels of a circular form, and having the overhanging or extended deck as herein-
before described. These vessels are intended to be towed, and would move
through the water with a rapid rotatory and forward motion, and they would bo
propelled with a very small amount of applied power per ton, and as they may be
constructed of considerable internal capacity they would be well adapted for
floating batteries, as well as for the conveyance of all kinds of stores and merchan-
dise. The rotatory motion is given to the vessel by means of four or other number
of short blades projecting like fins from the periphery of the hull, and curved
obliquely at an angle of from 40° to 45° from the side. These blades are set in one
direction and fixed below the overhanging part of the vessel. These vessels are
intended to be towed by any convenient means, and the tow line is made fast to an
iron rod or shaft carried down through the whole depth of the vessel, and extending
a convenient distance above the level of the upper deck.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN AIR AND WATERPROOF FABRICS."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1876. A communi-
cation from abroad by François Treyvoux, of Lyons, France.
#f
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. AN IMPROVEMENT IN AIR AND WATERPROOF FABRICS."
This Invention consists in the combination of an elastic waterproof substance or
composition having a base of india-rubber or its congeners with an elastic, knitted,
or open fabric, whereby a waterproof material or fabric is obtained possessing all
the elasticity of the india-rubber coating or composition and the elastic fabric
separately, and suitable for various purposes hereafter described, to which the
ordinary india-rubber coated waterproof fabric is not applicable owing to its want
of elasticity.
The Invention thus consists in the manufacture of a new waterproof fabric which
has the property of extension and contraction in all directions, and is suitable for
the manufacture of boots and shoes and gloves, and for other purposes to which
leather and skins have been heretofore applied.
Waterproof fabrics as hitherto made consist of a non-elastic woven fabric coated
with an clastic waterproof india-rubber composition, but such waterproofed fabrics
are absolutely inelastic, the elasticity of the india-rubber being completely lost or
destroyed by its combination with a non-elastic woven fabric. For such purposes
as boot and glove making a waterproof fabric capable by its elasticity of adopting
itself to irregular forms, changes of form and dimensions is necessary, and on this
account the ordinary non-elastic waterproof fabric is quite unsuitable.
The new fabric of this Invention possesses the necessary waterproof and elastic
qualities in the highest degree, and is eminently suited for the purpose above
referred to.
It also possesses the further and most important advantage of preventing the
contact of the india-rubber coating with the skin or other part which it covers, and
thus possesses the degree of warmth necessary for the purposes to which it is
applied.
A NEW FLOWER AND FRUIT BAG
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harrow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
HENRY HARROW, of No. 38, Old Bond Street, London, Portmanteau & Bag
Manufacturer. "A NEW FLOWER AND FRUIT BAG."
A moveable frame of wire network to fit inside the bag, having a double row
of lifting flaps, which forms a rack or shelf, and secures the flowers or fruit from
damage while travelling.
When not in use for flowers or fruit the flaps lift up and leave all the space in
the bag for packing other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINE AND OTHER MOTIVE-POWER GOVERNORS KNOWN AS 'BUSSE Co- VERNORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Budenberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1876. A communication from
abroad by Bernhard Augustus Schäffer and Christian Frederick Budenberg, of
Buckau, Magdeburg, in the Empire of Germany.
ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the City of Manchester, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINE AND OTHER MOTIVE-POWER GOVERNORS KNOWN AS 'BUSSE Co-
VERNORS.'' A communication from abroad by Bernhard Augustus Schäffer and
Christian Frederick Budenberg, of Buckau, Magdeburg, in the Empire of Germany.
This Invention relates to improvements upon that description of governor known
as the "Busse governor," for which Letters Patent of the United Kingdom of Great
and Ireland were granted to Edward Busse, on the 19th day of January 1870, and
numbered 161.
In accordance with this Invention, instead of having the balls of the pendulums
above their fulcrums they are arranged to hang below, such fulcrums with their
weighted arms resting upon the top of a hollow shaft with which such pendulums
revolve. These pendulums are mounted in a suitable frame, within which their
weighted arms are conveniently disposed, and this frame is capable of rising and
falling upon the hollow shaft lierein-before mentioned, and is connected at its upper
extremity to a spindle which passes downwards through such hollow shaft to the
throttle valve or other apparatus requiring to be controlled by the governor.
By this construction of Busse governor a simpler appearance is obtained and the
governor is connected in a more direct and simpler manner to the throttle valve or
other apparatus requiring to be controlled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard David Sanders at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1876.
"
RICHARD DAVID SANDERS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
My Invention consists in carrying or r supporting the brako work or brake
mechanism from brackets attached to the axle boxes instead of supporting the said
brake mechanism by brackets attached to the frame of the carriage as usual. The
advantage of this is that when the brake blocks are forced against the wheels the
action of the bearing springs of the carriage is not interfered with, and the
unpleasant jarring sensation produced.. under like circumstances by brakes as
ordinarily arranged is obviated. The brackets described carrying the brake
mechanisin and attached to the axle boxes on each side of the vehicle are connected
together by a cross bar which forms a tie rod to each pair of brackets, and also
serves to support the brake blocks.
:
The ends of the short arms of the levers by which the brake blocks are applied
are also attached to the brackets, which brackets constitute the fixed fulcra to which
the short ends of the levers are jointed and upon which the levers turn. These
levers are so jointed to the brake blocks that the required pressure may be put upon
the blocks to force them against the wheels by actuating the said levers. I am
aware that the levers used for this purpose have been tied to the axle guards of the
carriages, but in that case the brake blocks are suspended from the carriage frame,
and the elasticity of the bearing springs is interfered with when the brakes are
applied.
The essence of my Invention consists in the use of brackets attached to the axle
boxes for carrying and supporting the whole of the brake work or mechanism from
the axle boxes.
IMPROVED AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR TESTING RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Maw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1876.
* GEORGE MAW, of Benthall Works, near Broseley, in the County of Salop, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVED AUTOMATIC APPARATUS FOR TESTING RAILWAY WHEELS."
This Invention consists in certain mechanical arrangements by which the per-
cussion of a hammer or striker against the wheel is caused by the movement of the
carriage and wheel. Either this may be against a fixed hammer working on a
pivot or a series of revolving hammers actuated directly or indirectly by the motion
of the wheel or by contact with a portion of the carriage in its passage along the
rail, or the blow may be effected by the action of a lever or series of levers sunk
into or attached to the rail, or fixed in any suitable position on the permanent way,
or to the side of the platform. Or the striker may be attached to the frame of the
carriage and may be acted upon by any suitable appliance placed on the rail, the
permanent way, or the platform.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Renshaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1876. A communication from
abroad by David Renshaw, of Coliasset, in the County of Norfolk, and State of
Massachusetts, in the United States of America.
ROBERT RENSHAW, of the City of Manchester, Engraver. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM GENERATORS." A communication from abroad by David Renshaw, of
Cohasset, in the County of Norfolk, and State of Massachusetts, in the United States
of America.
This Invention consists in certain improvements upon the steam generators for
which former Letters Patent were granted to me on the 30th day of July 1875.
No. 2698.
The present improved steam generator consists of a main pipe or a series of main
pipes placed horizontally, and a vertical centre pipe, the horizontal and centre pipes
being coupled together by curved pipes, all the pipes are enclosed in a firebrick
chamber containing the fire-grate or grates. When steam is generated the water
circulates down the centre pipe, through the curved pipes into the horizontal pipe.
At the top of the generator is a steam dome and below is the blow-off pipe.
The Invention may be modified by combining one or more coils of pipes with
the horizontal and vertical pipes above referred to, the water circulating through the
coils as soon as ebulition takes place.
The improvement above referred to consists in the application of the vertical
centre pipe down which there is a constant circulation of water, the currents
ascending through the curved or coiled pipes in the horizontal main pipes.
By means of this Invention the evaporating power of the fuel is increased and
the cost of construction is reduced.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st February 1876.
JOHN MARTIN, of Stoke Newington Road, in the County of Middlesex, Umbrella
Maker. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
The object of this Invention is to avoid the necessity for using the stop and
catch springs which are at present fitted to the sticks of umbrellas and parasols, and
serve respectively to support the runner in its raised position (when the umbrella
is open) and to hold it in its depressed position when the umbrella is closed. To
this end I mount the so called notch" of the runner (which is a notched ring to
receive the stretchers) loose upon its barrel, so that the latter may receive an axial
motion without imparting the same to the "notch."
"
At the opposite ends of the barrel I form a bayonet joint to take into pins which
will act as substitutes for the springs before mentioned, and retain the runner in its
raised or in its depressed position. When the runner is brought to either of these
positions it will be only necessary to give the barrel a slight axial motion to secure
the bayonet joint fastening, and by reversing the axial motion the runner will be
disengaged from the fixed pin. This joint or fastening may be made in different
ways as thought most desirable, but in all cases I propose to secure it and detach it
by giving an axial motion to the barrel of the runner.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Lee at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 6th March 1876.
EDWIN LEE, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Bootmaker.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to the manufacture of boots and shoes, and has for its object
to lessen the cost of production and to improve the quality of the said articles in
some respects. In the ordinary process of making a stitched boot, a strip of leather
styled the welt is stitched to the upper and the inner sole, and the sole is then
stitched to the said welt. According to my Invention I rivet a piece of leather cut
to the form of the sole to the upper and inner sole, and I stitch the outer sole to
this piece of leather. The filling up pieces are dispensed with, and the work is
rendered more solid and less pervious to water. I prefer to add a lining of a soft
material, such for example as a woolen fabric, to the inner sole before the process
of riveting. The rivets attach this lining firmly to the sole, and the said lining
covers the ends of the rivets and protects the foot of the wearer.
This lining
attached before riveting may also be applied when making ordinary riveted boots.
I may rivet the ordinary welt to the upper and inner sole, and finish the boot by
means of stitching as aforesaid.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR TOOL TO BE USED IN MOUNTING PHOTOGRAPHS AND SCRAPS OR SMALL PICTURES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raphael Tuck at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1876.
RAPHAEL TUCK, of No. 177, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Dealer in
Pictures. "A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR TOOL TO BE USED IN MOUNTING
PHOTOGRAPHS AND SCRAPS OR SMALL PICTURES."
The object of my Invention is the providing of an efficient means of pressing and
thereby securing the perfect and smooth adhesion of photographs and scraps, or small
pictures to the surface upon which they are to be mounted, and of doing so effectually
and with greater quickness in time than has hitherto been attainable.
My Invention consists in constructing a frame of metal, wood, or any suitable
material so as to have two points or bearings to carry the axes or shaft of a pressing
roller. To the exact shape or form of this frame I do not confine myself, but in all
cases I provide it with a handle or lever to assist the operator in the use of the
roller for applying the pressure. The pressing roller may be constructed of wood,
india-rubber, gutta percha, or any similar suitable material. It carries as herein-
before stated an axis or shaft, or axes or shafts, or pins upon which it rotates, and
the axis or shaft passes into the bearings herein-before nained. The pressing roller
has around it by preference a cover of vulcanised india-rubber, which fits it or
renders it by its elasticity more particularly applicable for the purposes indicated in
the title of this Invention.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SMOOTHING PLANES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1876. A communication
from Charles Elbert Smith, of Crawfordsville, in the County of Taliaffero, State
of Georgia, United States of America.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SMOOTHING PLANES."
This Invention consists of a handle applied on the top of a smoothing plane stock
near the heel, and adapted to fit between the thumb and fore finger of the right
hand, while the palm bears against the heel of the stock, whereby the pressure of
the hand is distributed over a larger surface, and is thus diminished on the small
area heretofore employed for driving the plane by pressing against the heel of the
stock; it also affords a bearing or rest for a part of the hand not heretofore having
any support on the stock, and therefore making the work easier. The handle on
its rear side is made in suitable transverse convex form, and vertical concave form
to make an easy bearing for the hand.
The handle may be made separate from the stock and attached to it, or it may
he worked out of the block in connection with it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR PLUGS EMPLOYED IN THE EMPTYING OF MOLTEN STEEL INTO INGOT MOULDS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Mason at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1876.
ADAM MASON, of Horwich, near Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Tuyere
Manufacturer "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERS OR PLUGS EMPLOYED IN THE EMPTYING
OF MOLTEN STEEL INTO INGOT MOULDS"
My Invention relates to the stoppers employed to close the discharge openings of
ladles or vessels which are used in the filling of the ingot moulds with molten steel
or metal. Such stoppers are particularly used in the Bessemer process of making
steel. The said stoppers are formed of fire-clay or refractory material and aro
attached to iron rods, and my said Invention consists of an improved method of
attachment, whereby the stoppers are not so liable to become detached from the
rods as when previous methods of attachment are employed. 1 form a slot or
opening extending from one side to about the centre of the stopper, so that a rod
formed with a head can be passed through the slot into a central position in the
stopper, the remaining space in the slot being then filled up with ganister or
refractory material.
I prefer to form the rod with a "tee head," and to so form the slot as that when
the rod is introduced into position and turned a quarter round it cannot be drawn
out of the stopper in the direction of its length. I make the slot wider inside the
stopper than at the outside so as to retain the filling matèrial.
AN IMPROVED UNION OR COUPLING FOR THE CONNECTION OF METAL OR OTHER PIPES, COCKS, OR VALVES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1876.
FREDERICK SMITH, Licensed Victualler, of "The Green Dragon," 123, Well Street,
South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED UNION OR COUPLING
FOR THE CONNECTION OF METAL OR OTHER PIPES, COCKS, OR VALVES."
This Invention consists in an improved method of constructing unions or
couplings for connecting metal, leather, rubber, or other pipes, cocks, and valves in
such a manner as to prevent their destruction by tension or twisting of the said
pipes, cock, or valves."
The object is effected by making the ends of the unions or couplings the one
part with one or more projections or serations on the sides or face of one part to
fit into holes or serations of a corresponding form in the other part of the union
or coupling.
I do not hold myself to the number or form of the projections or serations.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Middleton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd August 1876.
EDWIN MIDDLETON, of Rawdon, near Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS.”
This Invention has reference to an improve device for locking or securing the
parts of such lamps together. In the bottom part of the lamp I form a cylinder, in
which I place a piston and a spiral spring, the spring being underneath the piston.
To the top of the piston is attached a pin, which when the lamp is closed enters a
hole in the top part of the lamp, and prevents the same from being turned round or
unscrowed.
In order to open the lamp it is necessary to depress the piston, and this is effected
by forcing steam or compressed air against the upper surface of the piston, the air
or steam passing through a curved or angular passage provided for the purpose.
The passage is made curved or angular so as to prevent the insertion of wire or
other apparatus for "picking" the locking device.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Lewis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1876.
WILLIAM GEORGE LEWIS, of Romford, in the County of Essex, Engineer. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention consists in suspending the weight of the rider in bicycles and
other velocipedes, thereby avoiding the usual dead weight on the machine.
To carry out my improvements instead of the backbone of the machine bearing
on the fork as hitherto I place the fork on the backbone, the front end of which is
for that purpose turned up at right angles and then curved forward and formed
with an eye to receive the set screw for securing the fork.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RIFLING FIRE-ARMS AND ORDNANCE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th May 1876. A communication
from abroad by Adolphe Gadot, fils, of Marseilles, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR RIFLING FIRE-ARMS AND
ORDNANCE."
This Invention consists in novel means for rifling fire-arms and ordnance.
In the usual manner of rifling a guide bar or mandril is employed, in which are
spirally wound and fixed by means of rivets a couple of blades sliding in fixed
supports by which is communicated to the bar and to the tool it carries a twisting
movement, which, combined with the movement of translation which it also receives,
imparts the necessary curve to the internal rifling of the gun.
The Invention consists in the use of guide bars made of a single piece by means
of a special arrangement which I adapt to this end to an ordinary parallel lathe.
To this effect I affix to the axis of the headstock of the lathe that carries the face-
plate a lever which is destined to communicate an alternate circular motion to the
said axis during the advance of the slide rest, and which I accomplish by means of
a specially formed cam set in motion by the lathe and disposed in such a manner
as to impart an alternate rectilinear movement to a sliding piece, to which this lever
is attached. This sliding piece is guided in an appropriate manner by means of a
couple of horizontal guides, and by its attachment in a groove formed in the interior
of the arm of the lever communicates an alternate rotating motion to the axis of the
headstock on which this lover is mounted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MA- CHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1876. A communication from
abroad by Jim Billings Fuller, of the City and State of New York, and John
N. Crandall, of Norwich, Connecticut, both in the United States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO-ELECTRIC MA-
CHINES." A communication.
The said Invention relates to magneto-electric machines which employ two sets
of electro-magnets and two revolving armatures and which have a bridge or con-
necting plate so arranged and connected to said magnets as to constitute the
neutral magnetic point in both sets.
The said bridge is a heavy iron plate firmly secured to the magnet cores, or the
whole may be cast together. In order that both of these magnets shall produce in
the bridge the same polar condition it is necessary to coil them so that some of the
poles are similar while the other poles are dissimilar. The polar direction from the
south poles will be alike through the bridge towards the north poles. The relative
strength of the two magnets will depend upon the location of the bridge and the
relative length of each set of cores. Each magnet will act independently of the
other, and possess all the characteristics at the poles of separate magnets.
Between the poles of these magnets armatures of any ordinary construction, and
coiled with conducting material, may be caused to revolve, producing in the coils of
said armatures electric currents, and the currents of one armature may be employed
for exciting the electro-magnets aforesaid, while the currents from the other
armature may be employed for any industrial or other useful purpose.
MENTS IN RAILWAY COUPLINGS AND BRAKES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rodger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
WILLIAM RODGER, of Bridgelands, Selkirk, in the County of Selkirk. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY COUPLINGS AND BRAKES.”
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway couplings and
brakes.
In order that railway trucks and carriages may be coupled and uncoupled without
the necessity for men to pass between them, and by means more or less self-acting,
I form the spring draw bar with forked ends, and cause them to carry a pin on
which a hook is able to turn. The pin and hook thereon are inclined at an angle
of 45 degrees to the vertical, and there is a connection from the hook to each side
of the carriage by which it can be raised. The hooks are so formed and arranged
that when lifted will remain up, and they never can fall below the horizontal
position.
When two trucks or carriages are to be coupled it is necessary to see that the
hook of one of the carriages is raised, and then when the carriages run together
the shock causes the hook or hooks to fall and to catch the one into the other. To
uncouple it is requisite only to lift the hook of one of the carriages by the connection
from the side.
The pins of the hooks are able to move in slots formed in the forked ends of the
draw bars in order to allow the requisite play between the buffers.
The levers or other connections passing from the hook to the side of the
carriage may be also employed to prevent the hooks catching when they are
not required so to do or to cause them to catch independently of the shock of the
carriages meeting.
These couplings may be applied in combination with the buffers, in which case
no slot is required, and they may be applied either on the two sides where the
buffers are usually placed, or with central buffers, or as connections of continuous
brakes.
In order that the brakes of railway trains may be automatic in their action
whenever the engine is caused to oppose the forward motion of the train, I connect
the buffers with the brakes in such manner that when the buffers are forced in
whilst the train has a certain velocity the brake blocks are forced against the
wheels, or the brakes are otherwise applied, and in order to prevent the action of
the brakes in unison with the buffers at other times when the train has not the
[Price 2d.]

page_text: velocity required, I mount on each brake carriage a centrifugal apparatus or governor,
which is brought into action by the motion of the carriage, and which completes
a connection between the buffers and the brakes. When the centrifugal apparatus
or governor is not in motion, or is moving only at a slow speed, the buffers and
brakes remain uncoupled.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MELTING OR GLAZING ARTICLES OF CLASS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Webb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1876.
THOMAS GEORGE WEBB, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Glass
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO MELTING OR GLAZING ARTICLES
OF CLASS."
My Invention is intended to avoid the use of those instruments which are now
employed to hold and turn the article during the process of "melting" or glazing,
and also to keep the said article in its proper form.
For these purposes I surround the article (at those parts which are not to be
acted on) by a mould or other counterpart of the form thereof and place the
whole in a furnace, the mould being of sufficient thickness or otherwise made to
prevent its becoming sufficiently hot to cause the glass to stick thereto. Or instead
of using a furnace I apply the necessary heat by means of a blow pipe or other such
blast directed to the parts to be "nelted" or glazed, and the said blast or the article
itself may be caused to move in order successively to bring different parts of the
article to the action of heat.
A NEW OR IMPROVED RINK CHAIR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Norman Aronson at the Office"
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1876.
JOSEPH NORMAN ARONSON, of the Poultry, in the City of London, Gentleman.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED RINK CHAIR."
This Invention relates to a new or improved rink chair. According to my In-
vention I use a chair or seat of suitable construction supported on runners provided
with wheels or rollers, so that the chair may be easily and readily propelled,, and
guided in any direction required by a skater on ordinary roller skates, the chair
serving the double purpose of holding one person and acting as a support to the
skater propelling it, especially useful with beginners or those learning to skate.
The chair should be of such shape as to enable the occupant to recline comfortably
with his or her feet on a suitable support, and should be of such width as not to be
easily upset sideways. The runners should be of considerable length, and in form
somewhat similar to the rockers of a rocking chair, that is, turning up more
in front than behind, and extending for a considerable out at the back, but
slightly curved throughout, the rollers thereon taking the same curve, so that not
many will rest on the ground at once, and so that the chair may be balanced on the
centre rollers when it is required to turn or run it in curves. The back of the
chair should be of such a height as to enable it to be conveniently held by the
skater.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF MAGNETISM FOR THE PROMOTION, RESTORATION, AND PRESERVATION OF HEALTH
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Weightman Harrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1876.
CHARLES WEIGHTMAN HARRISON, of South Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF MAGNETISM FOR
THE PROMOTION, RESTORATION, AND PRESERVATION OF HEALTH."
My Invention relates to means for magnetising the oxygen in aliments and in
water and other liquids for drinking and for cleansing the skin, the oxygen being
thereby rendered more active by its conversion into ozone, which I have found to
have great value in improving, restoring, and preserving the health.
For the general purpose of my Invention I use one or more steel magnets or a
magnetic substance in contact or nearly so with the aliment or liquid when it is
used. Thus I form a magnetic cup or drinking vessel by fixing in any convenient
and suitable manner one or more permanent magnets or a magnetic substance to
the cup or vessel, so that the oxygen in the liquid therein may become poleorized and
retained in that condition during use. To prevent oxidation of the magnets I coat
or cover them with a less oxidizable metal or other suitable material.
I construct magnetic spoons, forks, and other cutlery used at diets, either wholly
or partly of one or more steel magnets, so that the magnetic pole or poles may be in
contact or nearly so with the aliment when taken. I form a magnetic sponge for
toilet use by fixing in any suitable manner one or more permanent magnets or a
magnetic substance to the sponge, so that the oxygen of the water taken up by the
sponge may become magnetized and thus converted into ozone (nature's great
purifying agent), which when the sponge is used oxidizes and clears away the
secretions of the epidermis, at the same time the magnetism stimulates the vessels
and nerves of the dermis, inducing a healthy state therein.
A convenient mode of fixing the magnet is to cover it with marine glue or gutta
percha, and apply it to the sponge in a warm condition. I prefer to use natural
sponge, but I sometimes use india-rubber or other artifical sponge, or a woollen
material.
I also form magnetic baths by fixing thereto in a suitable manner one or more
permanent magnets, or by constructing the floor of the bath of a magnetic cement
or covering. By this means the water becomes charged with ozone, and is rendered
refreshing and invigorating to the bather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WAGO- NETTES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1876.
FREDERICK CLARKE, of Stafford, Coach Builder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WAGO-
NETTES."
The principal object of this Invention is by the means herein-after described to
construct a wagonette which may be either closed or open at pleasure.
Usually in the case of wagonettes having heads they are separate from the body,
and there is much trouble in attaching them to or detaching them from the body,
but by my improvements the head being a component part of the body this trouble
is avoided.
My improved wagonette when open presents for the most part the usual ap-
pearance of an ordinary open wagonette, but the two seats and backs are jointed
in such inanner that when elevated the parts which in an open wagonette were the
seats become the backs, and similarly the parts which in an open carriage were the
backs become the roof.
It will be understood from what has been said that the seats in the open wagonette
are necessarily higher or at a greater elevation than are the seats in the closed
carriage, as in the former case the body is partly folded over upon itself.
It must be mentioned also that my improved carriage is furnished with a false
floor of a corresponding height, which when the wagonette is closed is not required,
and is then caused to slide in equal divisions under the two seats.
My Invention relates also to an improved step with which it is a convenience to
provide my improved carriage, and which consists substantially of two treads, the
lower one of which falls down vertically, drawing with it the upper tread by means
of two slotted bars which work in two centres attached to the upper supports of
the said upper tread. When it is desired to close the step the lower tread is folded
upwards, and this, by means of the appliances herein-before mentioned, acts upon the
upper tread, and so causes it to slide underneath the floor of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Black at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th November 1876.
PETER BLACK, the younger, of Kilburn, in the County of Middlesex, Engineering
Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR RAILWAY
AND TRAMWAY ROLLING STOCK."
This Invention has for its object the rendering the wheels for railway and
tramway rolling stock more safe, durable, and secure than those heretofore con-
structed, and is more particularly applicable to compound wooden and metal wheels
or that class of wheels which are commonly known as "Mansell wheels." Wheels
of this class usually fail by reason of the wooden centre becoming displaced on the
boss or nave, the wood being liable to be ground away between the retaining bolts,
which fact, if not observed in time, becomes the cause of serious accidents.
failure, moreover, of the wood at the boss is considerably hastened by the action of
the breaks upon the wheels.
This
Now, according to this Invention, it is proposed to obviate the before-mentioned
defects by making the external surface of the boss dentated or of any other
equivalent shape in lieu of cylindrical, as heretofore, and in causing the inner
converging ends of the wooden blocks which form the disc or main central portion
of the wheel to fit in between the said indentations or projections, thereby holding
such blocks perfectly secure round the boss and entirely preventing their. becoming
displaced circumferentially round such boss.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEERING GEAR OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gardiner at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1876.
ROBERT GARDINER, of East Kent Iron Works, High Street, Sittingbourne, in the
County of Kent, Millwright and Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEERING GEAR
OF SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS."
This Invention has for its object an arrangement of apparatus applied to the
steering gear of ships and vessels whereby the steersman may have complete power
and control over the rudder or helm, however tempestuous is the weather, and rough
or boisterous is the sea, and thus the necessity of having additional men at the
wheel is obviated or very greatly lessened.
The apparatus consists of a worm screw fixed on to the shaft or axle of the
steering wheel, which worm actuates a worm or cog wheel fixed to the middle of a
shaft, on which same shaft are two drums, one on the starboard and the other on
the larboard or port side, and round each of which drums is wound a chain or rope,
that on the starboard drum attached to the starboard end of the tiller or cross bar on
the rudder head, and that on the larboard or port drum attached to the larboard
or port end of the said tiller or cross bar, so that if the steering wheel is moved in
one direction the worm so acts upon the worm or cog wheel as to turn it and wind
more of the starboard chain on to the starboard drum, and thus pull the tiller or
cross bar and with it the rudder to starboard, and at the same time gives off a
portion of the chain from the larboard or port drun, and if the wheel is turned in
the opposite direction the worm and shaft are turned in the opposite direction and
the larboard or port chain is wound on the larboard or port drum, and the said
tiller or cross bar and with it the rudder is pulled over to larboard or port, and
at the same time the starboard chain is given off from the starboard drum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE KNIFE GRINDERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McLean at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1876. A communication from
abroad by Hugh Lennon, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria, Australia.
WILLIAM MCLEAN, of Cannon Street, in the City of London. “IMPROVEMENTS
IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINE KNIFE GRINDERS." A communication from
abroad by Hugh, Lennon, of Melbourne, in the Colony of Victoria, Australia.
The Invention has for its object improvements in reaping and mowing machine
knife grinders.
->
For this purpose the grinding wheel, which may be of emery or other suitablo
material, is forined on its side or end with a conical face, and the axis of such
wheel, as also the gearing for driving the same, are mounted in a frame, which is
itself mounted on. an axis of motion carried by a suitable standard, which may be
fixed to the machine or elsewhere as may be desired., This frame is capable of
being turned within certain limits upon its axis of motion, and of being fixed or
clamped in the desired position by means of a bolt and nut in combination with a
quadrant or segment.
Motion may be communicated to the grinding wheel by a handle, or by a treadle,
or by other suitable means.
In using the apparatus the frame and parts carried thereby are adjusted in
position so as to bring the conical side or end of the grinding wheel into a convenient
position for use. The adjacent faces of two of the knives are then pressed against
the conical side or end of the grinding wheel which, on receiving rotary motion,
will simultaneously sharpen such adjacent faces of two knives.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jackson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th June 1876.
JAMES JACKSON, of Ashton-upon-Ribble, near Preston, in the County of Lan-
caster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING COTTON,
WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to arrangements for removing seeds, dirt, or "nep" from
the lap of cotton or other fibrous substance directly after the latter has been
delivered from the feed rollers of a carding engine to the "licker-in." For this
purpose I apply a serrated or saw-edged blade of metal, which I fix a little below
the feed rollers in such a position relatively to the "licker-in" as that any dirt or
projecting inequalities on the surface of the cotton or other fibrous substance may
be arrested in its course round the "licker-in" by such serrated or saw-edged blade.
In conjunction with the serrated or saw-edged blade, and at a little distance from
it, I employ a second blade with a knife edge, so designed and arranged as by its
sharp edge to arrest and remove from the cotton or other fibrous substance any
lesser inequalities or refuse which may have passed the serrated or saw-edged blade.
The two blades run parallel to each other, and are set in a direction slanting towards
the surface of the " licker-in," being suitably affixed at each end to the sides of the
carding engine. Means are provided by which their position and proximity to the
"licker-in" may be readily adjusted. More than one set of blades may be employed,
and the teeth of the serrated edged blade may be varied in size or gauge according
to the class of cotton or other fibrous substance to be operated upon. For the knife
edged blade a second blade with a serrated edge, having teeth of smaller size or
gauge than the first, may be substituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AUDIBLE SIGNALS FOR FOG ALARMS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel John Holmes and John
Bryceson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November
1876.
NATHANIEL JOHN HOLMES, of the Hall, Primrose Hill Road, Regent's Park, and
JOHN BRYCESON, of Ryland Road, Kentish Town, both in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING AUDIBLE
SIGNALS FOR FOG ALARMS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Our improvements consist in the mode of applying currents of any compressed
elastic medium, such as steam or atmospheric air, to the production of a musical
tone for the purpose of indicating sound signals of great power. This new form of
sound producer we term the "Rhothion."
The manner in which we carry out this new application of currents of compressed
air or steam is as follows:-We take a metal tube of a specific diameter in relation
to its length, having regard to the pitch of tone required to be produced. This
metal tube is closed at one end, and open at the other extremity. At a proper
sounding distance from the closed end is a slit or mouth of suitable length, and of a
lateral width, determined by the nature of the tone required to be produced, the
pressure of the air or steam, and the velocity with which the compressed air or
steam impinges against the lip of the sound slit. This tube is mounted so as to be
capable of receiving a very rapid rotatory motion in the direction of its length.
This arrangement forms the sound-producing portion of the apparatus.
The open end of the tube inay, if required, be furnished with a bell mouth for
spreading the sound.
For the purpose of efficiently directing the currents of compressed air or steam
against the cutting lip of the sound orifice, we employ an arrangement of stationary
jets so contrived as to throw a thin sheet of steain or compressed air in a parallel
direction against the entire length of the sounding lip in the rotating tube. These
jets are arranged in any convenient number concentric round the rotating tube, and
in connection with a steam chest attached by a pipe to a boiler or an atmospheric
reservoir. The impinging angle of these jets is adjustable. Upon the steam or

page_text: compressed air being allowed to pass out of the several jets, and the tube being
rotated so that the cutting lip of the mouth-piece is brought into contact with the
several jets of steam, a continuous vibration of the internal column of air is set up
in the tube, and a sound of immense power generated, the intensity of tone being
dependent upon pressure and speed.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Thomas Mitchell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1876.
THOMAS MITCHELL, of Leyland, near Preston, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS."
"IM-
The object of this Invention is to enable an umbrella, which when closed appears
to be of the ordinary size, to be expanded to an increased size or diameter when
required; and the Invention consists principally in giving to the runner of the
umbrella frame a double action.
Firstly. The ordinary action for opening the umbrella to its usual size.
And, Secondly. A supplementary action for expanding the same to an increased
diameter.
As or near the end of each rib of the umbrella frame is attached a lengthening
wire or supplementary rib, such lengthening wire being connected to the rib either
by a slide or slides, or by being pivotted thereto, so that when these lengthening
wires are not in action or closed the ribs are of the ordinary length, but upon the
longthening wires being unfolded or slidden outwards the ribs become practically so
much longer, and hence the diameter or covering capacity of the umbrella is
proportionally increased, and an increased or additional protection from rain is
obtained.
The ribs of the umbrella frame are, by preference, made of a grooved or trough-
like section, and the lengthening wires, whether sliding therein or working upon
pivots, are made of wire of a round or square section and of such a size that when
not expanded they will lie in the groove of the ribs, so as not to increase the bulk
of the frame when folded.
The slightly increased weight will be more than counterbalanced by the
advantage gained in the increased protection afforded by the umbrella, duo to this
development of expansion in the length of the ribs, and hence in the covering
capacity of the umbrella itself when fully developed.
The lengthening wires or supplementary ribs may be connected to the ordinary
runner in a variety of ways without departing from the distinctive feature of my
Invention, which is that when the umbrella has been expanded to its usual size in
the ordinary manner, a slight further movement of the runner shall cause the
[Price 21.1

page_text: additional expansion of the lengthening wires or supplementary ribs and so obtain
the increased diameter.
It will be evident that if preferred the lengthening wires or supplementary ribs
may be connected to a second or special runner instead of to the ordinary runner, in
which case the expansion is caused by a separate movement of this second runner 5
after the frame has been expanded in the usual manner.