Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Manure.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 12th Feb., 1892-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Manure.
I, ALFRED KNORRE 2nd Lindenstrasse No. 10 of Wandsbek-Marienthal in the
Province of Schleswig-Holstein, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of a valuable pulverulent manure from
the mucous refuse of tanning-houses and particularly from the workshops in which
the fleshing and unhairing of the hides when taken from the lime-pits is effected.
Notwithstanding its valuable manuring effect such refuse could not be success-
fully employed for horticultural purposes as received direct from the tanneries on
account of its great heating property, on the one hand, and of its liability, in
consequence of its constituents being principally hairs and mucous parts to form an
impermeable felted cover on the land, on the other hand.
These disadvantages are successfully overcome by the following treatment of
such refuse which forms the object of my invention. The mucous refuse or waste
of the tanning-houses is first dried, either by draining off the water or by
expelling it by a centrifugal machine. The residue is then subjected to heat for
completing the drying and then ground to obtain the manure in a pulverulent
state, in which it may be conveniently used for manure.
In consequence of the action of the lime the hair in the dried state becomes
very brittle, it is thus liable to be ground with the other dried constituents of the
refuse to a very fine powder, which may be uniformly distributed on the land, and
in consequence of its intimate contact with the oxygen of the air it will be very
quickly decomposed and prevented from felting or forming, a crust on the land.
Moreover the lime in its pulverulent state is apt to absorb carbonic acid from the
air, even before it is put upon the land, so that it will at the same time lose its
heating property.
When the manure obtained by the hereinbefore described process is intended to
be employed directly after it has passed the grinding mill, I add a mineral acid
(preferably sulphuric acid) to the refuse previous to its drying, in order to
neutralize the caustic lime in the manure. By the addition of sulphuric acid the
lime is converted into. gypsum and during its drying it will become so compact,
that not only will the pulverizing of the skin, and mucous parts be facilitated but
in this combination the lime will be much more effective, and appropriate for
numerous soils, than the carbonate of lime.
Dated this 15th day of M. 1901
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Manure.
I, ALFRED KNORRE, of 2nd Lindenstrasse No. 10 Wandsbek-Marienthal in the
Province of Schleswig-Holstein, in the Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of a valuable pulverulent manure from
the mucous refuse of tanning-houses and particularly from the work-shops in which

page_text: .
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the fleshing and' unhairing of the hides when taken from the lime-pits is
effected.
Notwithstanding its valuable manuring-effect such refuse could not heretofore
be successfully employed for agricultural purposes when received direct from the
tanneries on account' of its great heating property, on the one hand, and of its 5
liability in consequence of its constituents being principally hairs and mucous
parts, to form an impermeable felted cover on the land, on the other hand.
These disadvantages are successfully overcome by the following treatment of
such refuse which forms the subject of my present invention. The mucous refuse
or waste of the tanning houses is first dried either by draining off the water or by
expelling it by means of a centrifugal-machine. The residue is then subjected to
the heat of a kiln for completing the drying and then ground in a mill course,
crushing-mill or other disintegrator to obtain the manure in a pulverulent state, in
which it may be conveniently used.
As in consequence of the action of the lime the hair in the dried state becomes
very brittle, it is thus liable to be ground together with the other dried
constituents of the refuse, to a very fine powder, which may be uniformly
distributed on the land, and in consequence of its intimate contact with the oxygen
of the air it will be very quickly decomposed and prevented from felting or
forming a crust on the land. Moreover the lime in its pulverulent state is apt to.
absorb carbonic acid from the air, even before it is put upon the land, so that it
will; at the same time, lose its heating property.
When the manure obtained by the heretofore described process is intended to
be employed directly after it has passed the grinding-mill, I add a mineral acid
(preferably sulphuric acid) to the refuse previous to its drying in order to
neutralize the caustic lime in the manure before it is put upon the land. By the
addition of sulphuric acid the lime is converted into gypsum and during its drying
it will become so compact, that not only will the pulverizing of the skin and
mucous-parts be essentially facilitated, but in this combination the lime will be
much more effective and appropriate for numerous soils, than the carbonate of
lime.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. The herein described process for obtaining powdered manure from the
refuse of tanning-houses which consists in first drying the mucous refuse or waste
by subjecting the same to heat and then grinding the same, in order to obtain the
manure in a pulverulent state, substantially as set forth.
Second. The neutralization of the lime contained in the refuse or waste of
tanning-houses by means of a mineral acid, such as sulphuric acid or the
like, previous to its drying and grinding, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Dated this 19th day of February 1892.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.