IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR LIFTING OR BREAKING UP ROADS OR WAYS, CRUSHING CLODS, AND SCARIFYING OR TILLING LAND
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Braby, the younger, of Bridge House Place,
in the Borough of Southwark, Wheelwright, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR LIFTING OR BREAKING UP ROADS OR WAYS,
CRUSHING CLODS, AND SCARIFYING OR TILLING LAND."
Sealed the 20th November 1860, and dated the 19th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Braby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1860.
I, JAMES BRABY, the younger, of Bridge House Place, in the Borough of
Southwark, Wheelwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR LIFTING OR BREAKING UP ROADS OR WAYS,
CRUSHING CLODS, AND SCARIFYING OR TILLING LAND," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for lifting or breaking, up roads
or ways, crushing clods, and scarifying or tilling land, relates to a novel
arrangement of parts, whereby the intended object may be effected by simply
drawing or propelling the machine over the surface of the ground intended to
be operated upon.
The Invention consists principally of two conical rollers, the peripheries,

page_text: circumferences, or surfaces of which are furnished with projecting teeth, tines,
or analogous instruments, which as the cones or rollers rotate over the road or
land will penetrate or enter, and will break up the surface. The form of the
projecting teeth, tines, or instruments must depend upon the particular use for
which the machine is intended to be employed. The axles of the conical
rollers are set at an angle to each other, as well as to the surface of the
ground, so that the projecting teeth or tines when they penetrate the surface
will tear it up.
For the convenience of transporting the machine from one place to another,
and also to admit of regulating the depth to which the projecting teeth or tines
shall penetrate the surface, the machine may be mounted on a pair of running
wheels provided with adjustable bearings and elevating screws, or other
equivalent contrivances, whereby the rollers or cones may be raised up or let
down at pleasure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Braby in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th
December 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME 1, JAMES
BRABY, the younger, of Bridge House Place, in the Borough of Southwark,
Wheelwright, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said James Braby, Her special license that I, the said James Braby,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Braby, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channels Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVE MACHINERY FOR LIFTING OR BREAKING UP ROADS OR WAYS, CRUSHING
CLODS, AND SCARIFYING OR TILLING LAND," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Braby, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Braby, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improved Machinery for Lifting or Breaking up Roads
or Ways, Crushing Clods, and Scarifying or Tilling Land," relates to a novel
arrangement of parts, whereby either of the intended objects may be effected
by simply drawing or propelling the machine over the surface of the ground
intended to be operated upon.
The machine which forms the subject of my Invention consists principally
of two rollers, with conical or curved surfaces, the peripheries, circuin-
ferences or surfaces of which are furnished with projecting teeth, tines, or
analogous instruments, which as the cones or rollers rotate over the road or
land will penetrate or enter, and will break up the surface. The form of the
projecting teeth, tines, or instruments must depend upon the particular use for
which the machine is intended to be employed. The axles of the rollers are
set at an angle to each other, as well as to the surface of the ground, so that
the projecting teeth or tines when they penetrate the surface will tear it up.
For the convenience of transporting the machine from one place to another,
and also to admit of regulating the depth to which the projecting teeth. or
tines shall penetrate the surface. The machine may be mounted on a pair of
running wheels, provided with adjustable bearings and elevating screws, or
other equivalent contrivances whereby the rollers or cones may be raised up
or let down at pleasure.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. I is a side elevation; Fig. 2, a plan
view, and Fig. 3, a back view of one of my improved machines. a, a, a, a,
represents the framework of the machine, which is provided with bracket
bearings b, b, for the purpose of receiving the axles of the running wheels c, c.
These axles are formed of studs d, d, projecting from the adjustable blocks e,,
which are capable of moving up and down in the brackets b, b. The rollers
f, f. which are shewn as made of a conical form, and constitute the principal
feature of the Invention, are armed with strong teeth or spikes, as shewn in
the Drawing, and are mounted by their studs or axles in an oblique direction

page_text: in suitable bearings g, g, attached to the framework. The axles of the tine
rollers are set at an angle to each other, and they are also set at an angle to
the surface of the ground, so that their lower sides may rest thereon. When
the machine is in use it is drawn over the surface by the power of two or more
horses, which are harnessed in the shafts h, h, at the hinder end of which is a
central tug bar h', provided at its extremity with an eye or socket, which
passes over a vertical stud i fixed on the centre bar a' of the framing. The
inner ends of the outside shafts are also provided with eyes or sockets, through
which pass vertical pins or studs i, j, whereby the shafts are secured to the
front bar of the framework a. It will be seen on referring to the Drawing,
that the shafts are capable of being turned round on the central vertical
studi, and may be brought round as indicated by dots, and is secured in the
new position by transferring the pins or studs i, j, from one bar of the
framing a to the other, so that the machine may be drawn forward in the either
direction, or in opposite directions alternately.
In order to raise the spiked rollers from the ground when they are not
required to act thereon, as when the machine is being transported from place
to place on the running wheels, the blocks e, which carry the axles of the
running wheels, are made moveable up and down in guides formed in the
brackets b, b, and are provided with screwed shafts k, k, which pass in front of
the framing and through sockets in the arched top of the bearings b, b, in
which the blocks e are supported. The adjustment of the running wheels is
effected by screwing or unscrewing the nuts and jam nuts m, m, as will be well
understood.
It will be seen on inspecting the Drawing, that the conical rollers shewn
therein rapidly decrease in diameter from the larger to the smaller ends; but
I sometimes considerably reduce this conicality, and, in fact, for some purpose
I find it preferable to make the spiked rollers nearly cylindrical, but their
axles must always be set at an angle to each other so that when working on
the ground their spikes or teeth may have a tearing or digging action.
It will be evident that other plans than that above shewn and described may
be employed for raising and lowering the conical or curved spiked surfaces
from or to the ground; I do not therefore mean or intend to confine myself to
the precise arrangement of parts herein set forth, as they may be varied
without departing from the nature and object of my Invention.
Having now described my "Improved Machinery for. Lifting or Breaking up
Roads or Ways, Crushing Clods, and Scarifying or Tilling Land," and having
explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Inven-

page_text: tion secured to me by Letters Patent, as aforesaid, the employment for the
purposes above mentioned of conical or curved surfaces armed with projecting
teeth, tines, or analogous instruments, and mounted in the manner and for the
purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Braby, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Nineteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
JAMES BRABY, JUN". (L.S.)