Improvements in Pantographs, specially applicable to Engraving Machines and in the Production of Cameo Designs for Use in Engraving Machines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Jan., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 28th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 23rd Dec., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pantographs, specially applicable to Engraving
Machines and in the Production of Cameo Designs for Use in
Engraving Machines.
We, WILLIAM HENRY LOCK, Manager and Secretary of The Linotype Com-
pany Limited, of 188, Fleet Street, in the City of London, and MARK BARR,
of The Linotype Works, Broadheath, in the County of Chester, Electrician, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The present invention relates to improvements in pantographs and is specially
applicable to pantograph engraving machines and to improvements in the pro-
duction in such improved pantograph engraving machines, of cameo designs
for use as patterns in engraving machines, more especially of the cameo designs
used in the machine described in the Specification of Letters Patent 11894 of 1885.
The first part of the invention relates to improvements in the pantograph
portion of the apparatus used and the object of it is to stiffen that part so as to
enable it to do its work with a smaller percentage of error than has hitherto
been practicable in pantograph apparatus. Another advantage of this part of
the invention is that the peculiar construction of it brings the work being done
The stiffen-
closer to the operator and consequently more nearly under his eye.
ing agent made use of is a straight bar preferably of a cross section with its
webs vertical and horizontal. This occupies such a position in the pantograph
that it contains functionally if not actually, the centre of the instrument as
well as those of the tracer and the working point. The tracer is fixed to the
end of the said bar which is so connected to both working point and centre of
the instrument as to be moveable through them, but as it is a rigid bar, the three
-tracer, working point and centre-are always aligned with each other
radial arm is pivotted to the centre, and the ends of it and the tracer arm are
pivotted together as heretofore. The ends of the arm that carries the working
point are respectively pivotted to the tracer arm and to a short arm pivotted
to the block which provides and contains the working centre of the instrument.
The conjoint weight of the arms, the tracer and working point, is supported by
tension rods extending from the top of a vertical prolongation of the centre
block, to the outer ends of the radial and short arms. The radial arm, the tracer
arm and the working point arm, are each adjustable for length by any suitable
means. The working point (this expression includes any marker, graver, cutter,
or rotating tool) is carried by a block capable of longitudinal adjustment in its
arm. The short arm and tracer arm are also fitted with a similar device for
the pivots which hold them and the respectively adjacent ends of the working
point arm together.
A
As far as function is concerned, the stiffening bar must contain the centre of
the pantograph and the axes of the working point and the tracer; but for con-
venience in manufacture it stands on one side of them all, the tracer, the work-
ing point frame and the centre block being held to it by any suitable means.
That for holding the tracer to it consists of flanges and bolts or the like. The
working point frame is held to it by projecting arms holding pairs of vertically

page_text: pivotted antifriction rollers or equivalent surfaces so situated as to bear against
the vertical webs of the stiffening bar, one of each pair above and one of each
pair below, the horizontal webs, and two pairs on one side and one pair on the
opposite side of the vertical webs, the latter pair being intermediate of the
other two. The said arms are pivotted on the frame and provided with adjusting
devices such as set screws, to assist in effecting a perfect alignment of the work-
ing point with the tracer and the centre. The outer end of the stiffening bar,
that is the one beyond the centre block is supported by two sets of similar roller
devices or equivalent surfaces, supported by, arms from the centre block, one
set bearing against the vertical and the other against the horizontal webs of
the said bar. The vertical prolongation or centre post is supported by suitable
struts springing from the base plate. All the. bearings are of the ball type.
When the working point is a rotary cutter, it receives its motion from a cord
passed round pulleys supported respectively above the adjustable end of the
working point, arm, on the short arm and the block which is adjustable in or on
the working point frame. The shaft of the pulley on the end of
the working point arm is driven by cord passed round it and a pulley on a
shaft or sleeve in or on the centre post, and which is rotated by any suitable
means. There is a shelf fixed at one corner of the base plate to receive the outer
end of the tracer arm, so as to support the arms in so far as they are unsupported
during the removal of one working point and the fixing of another.
T
The second part of the invention relates to the cutting of the pattern. Such
a pattern consists of a plate of metal cut to the proper outline and held fast upon
a flat metal plate of a larger area. The design then stands cameo wise or in
bas relief upon the larger plate. The tracer of the engraving machine is moved
over the larger plate and up to the edges of the cameo design. Brass is the
metal generally used. In carrying the said part into effect, the top plate is
fastened upon the bottom plate by means of a solder or other fusible adhesive
material having a melting point below that of the metal of the plates. The
fastening is preferably effected' by distributing the solder over one plate, laying
the other upon it, warming them both until the solder melts, pressing them
firmly together, and lastly cooling them. The thickness of the layer of solder
may be as desired; but it is preferred that it should be as thin as is consistent
with strong adhesion between the plates. If the plates have been raised to a
high temperature; the cooling is done at such a rate as will cause the design
plate to be soft for being cut. The design is next cut by a tool, which, is made to
extend just through the design plate and the solder; or a short distance beyond
that into the bottom plate. Rivets, or equivalent mechanical holding devices
are then passed through' or into the two plates within the outline of the design.
Both plates are then heated and the solder and unrivetted portions of the design
plate removed from the bottom plate, so leaving the design standing in bas
relief thereupon.
it: oon L
Ը
1000
Improvements in Pantographs, specially applicable to Engraving
↓
Machines and in the Production of Cameo Designs for Use in
Engraving Machines.
We, WILLIAM HENRY LOCK, Manager and Secretary of The Linotype Com-
pany Limited, of 188, Fleet Street, in the City of London, and MARK BARR,

page_text: Ա
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
The first part of the present invention relates to improvements in panto-
graphs and is specially applicable to pantograph engraving machines; the
second part of it relates to the production of cameo designs for use as patterns in
engraving machines, more especially of the cameo designs used in the engraving
machine described in the Specification of British Letters Patent 11938 of 1895.
Referring to the accompanying figures which are to be taken as part of this
specification and read therewith,
Figure 1 is a plan illustrating the first part of the invention':
Figure 2, a side elevation corresponding therewith; and
Figures 3 and 4, details:
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the two metal plates and the foil of the
second part of the invention:
Figure 6, a side elevation of the same two plates soldered together;
Figure 7, a perspective view of the finished pattern and the bottom plate to
which it is held; and
Figure 8, a side elevation corresponding therewith.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4, a is the base plate, and 6 is a bridge piece standing
upon the base plate a to which it is securely bolted, as shewn at c, c.
It serves
principally to furnish a vertical bearing d for the spindle e. The bottom end
of this spindle turns in a foot bearing f which is carried by a stirrup g made
fast to the under side of the base plate a. The top of the spindle e stands up
above the bearing d for some distance, for a purpose which is explained further
on. h is a lever having its fulcrum in the spindle e. It is pivotted by its oppo-
site end at z to the respective end of a link i. The opposite end of this link i
is pivotted on an off-set ; projecting from one end of a swinging bark. This
bar is straight and rigid throughout its length. Its opposite end is supported
by an antifriction roller device 1, etc., which is carried by a horizontal bracket m
springing from a boss n which rests upon the base plate a and turns about the
spindle e. o is an arm turning by one end about the said spindle. Its outer
end is not connected to any member of the pantograph. is a link pivotted by
its respective ends to the arm and to the link i, to turn about axes z¹, z² in
pivot blocks 7, 2. This link is always parallel with the lever from every
point of view, and both are adjustable in respect of length, as shewn at h³, p',
Figure 1. The lever h, the bar k, the arm o and the links i and p, together
constitute the pantograph of the present invention and the spindle e is the
centre on and about which it works. The united weight of the parts h, k, o, i
and p, is supported by tie rods q, q, stretched from the collars q', q', loose upon
the top of the spindle e between two collars q², 4 fast thereon, to eyes q³, q³ upon
the lever h, close to the outer end of it; and to a post standing up from the
outer end of the arm o, as shewn in Figure 2. The tie rods q, q, and the up-
standing top of the spindle e are not included in Figure 1.
2
The link is adjustable in respect of its length in the same way as the lever h
and the link p, as indicated at ¹. The pivot blocks 22, 23 of the link p, are
adjustable lengthwise of the arm o and the link i, respectively, by means of
screws o¹, turning in slots o², 3 without longitudinal advance and about axes
aligned with the said arm and link respectively. is the tracer. It is carried
by the off-set with its axis coincident with the pivotal connection between the
s is the quill that receives the tool.
link and that off-set.
It revolves in a
block s adapted to slide in a slot 2 lengthwise of the link and also to allow the
slot to slide over it. The block s stands on the same side of the swinging
bar as does the off-set j, and the axes of the tracer r, of the quills and the
spindle e, are always aligned with each other.
a is the table for the pattern over which the tracer r is moved and a³ is .the-

page_text: table for the work, e.g., the duplex plåte described in the second part of the
invention. The swinging bar k is cross shaped in section, the four webs being
of equal dimensions and the four internal angles, right angles. Two of the
webs k, k¹, are vertical and two 2, 2, horizontal. The engraving or other tool
is held to the bar k by a device through which the said bar can slide to and fro
in the direction of its length. The said device includes means by which it can
be set up to the respective sides of the said bar so as to bear upon it properly.
3, are two lugs fast to the block s¹ already described, and from which they
project at about a right angle with each other towards the bark and as far as
its opposite side, as shewn in Figure 1. 5 is a horizontal bar pivotted mid-way
of its length on the lug 3 by a vertical pivot s¹¹. 6 is a vertical pivot in one
end of the bar s5 and carrying a horizontal roller on each side of the hori-
zontal web. 8 is a similar pivot at the other end of the same bar, carrying
two rollers & likewise. The rollers 7, 7 are to bear against one side of the ver-
tical webs k¹, k¹ of the bar k, while the rollers 8, 8 are to bear against the oppo-
site side of the same webs. $10 -see Figure 4-is a flange on the bar s, and $12
is a set screw working through it against the lug 3, to set the two pairs of
rollers 7, 7 and 8, 8, up to the bar k. 13 is a second horizontal bar pivotted at
one end on the leg by a vertical pivot s is a vertical pivot in the oppo-
site end of the bar s13 and carrying a horizontal roller 16 on each side of the
adjacent horizontal web, to bear against the same side of the vertical webs kl, kl,
as the two rollers above described. Thus the two outer pairs of rollers $7, 7,
and $16, 16, bear against one side of the bar k, while the intermediate pair s³,
bears against the opposite side. 17 is a set screw working through a flange
on the bar 13 and against the lugs, between the pivots 14 and 15, to set the pair
of rollers s¹6, 16 up to the respective webs k,, in the same way as the set
screw s¹ sets up the pair s7, s².
,
The anti-friction roller device 1, 1, etc. already mentioned as constituting a
supporting device for the end of the bar k, opposite to the tracer r, and through
which the said end can move freely to and fro in the direction of its length,
is of the same type as that just described for holding the tool holding block s¹
and bar k together. The rollers of it, however, bear upon the horizontal
webs, of the bar k, as well as upon the vertical webs, is a bar
pivotted mid-way of its length on a horizontal pivot carried by the end of the
bracket m already described. 12 is a horizontal pivot in one end of the bar 1
and carrying a vertical roller 7 on each side of the top web kl. 13 is a similar
pivot in the other end of the bar and likewise carrying a vertical roller on
each side of the bottom web kl. The rollers, 1, are to bear down upon the
top, and the rollers, , up against the bottom, faces of the horizontal webs 2, .
m is a set screw working through a projection m² on the bracket m and against
the bar between the pivots 13 and 15, to set the two pairs of rollers 1, 1, and 1,1,
up to the respective faces of the horizontal webs 2,2. 10 is a second and hori-
zontal bar pivotted mid-way of its length on a vertical pivot 125 carried by a
lug 26 fast on the bracket m. is a vertical pivot in one end of the bar 710
and carrying a horizontal roller on each side of the said bar 710 718 is a
similar pivot at the other end of the same bar, carrying two rollers ",", like-
wise. The rollers 18, 18, are to bear against one side of the vertical webs ¹³,,
and the rollers 111, 111, are to bear against the opposite sides of the same webs.
m³ is a set screw working through a projection m on the bracket m and against
the bar 10 between the pivots 125 and 2, to set the two pairs of rollers 18, 18, 111, 111,
up to the respective webs k¹, k¹. is a third bar pivotted at one end on a
lug on the bracket m-see Figure 3-by a pivot pin 27 which is held fast
to the said lug 16. 15 is a vertical pivot in the opposite end of the bar 7 and
carrying a horizontal roller 17 on each side of the said bar, to bear against the
same side of the vertical webs k¹, k', as the pair of rollers 18, 18, already described.
m8 see Figure 3-is a set screw working through a projection m6 fast on the
pivot pin and against a flange m7 on the bar 4 between the pivots (15 and 127,

page_text: to set the rollers 17, 17 up to the respective webs ¹, . 118 is a fourth bar
pivotted at one end on a horizontal pivot 19 fast on the bracket m. 120 is a hori-
zontal pivot in the opposite end of the said bar 718 and carrying a vertical roller 121
on each side thereof to bear against the bottom faces of the horizontal webs³, ²,
as do the rollers 11, 11. m81-see Figures 1 and 2-is a set screw working through
a projection m³ fast on the bracket m and against the said bar 18 between the
pivots 19, 120, to set the pair of rollers 121, 121, up to the horizontal webs 12, .
a3 is a rest fast upon one corner of the table a¹ to receive the small diameter r¹
of the tracer, when the latter is not in use.
The mechanism for rotating the quills is as follows:-y is the first motion
pulley and loose upon the spindle e. It is driven by a cord y¹. y2 is a second
pulley fast to the pulley y. y is a pulley connected by a sleevey to a pulley yo.
The sleeve is carried by a vertical post y fast to the pivot block p³ of the link p.
y is the driving cord round the pulleys y, y³, and 8 the one round the pulley y³
and the quill pulley y³.
Heretofore, the arm o has been of the same length as the link i and there has
been a link of the same length as the lever h and link p, pivotted by its ends
to the ends of the arm o and the link i. According to the first part of the
present invention, the length of the arm o is reduced to about one third and
the link above referred to as connecting the outer ends of the said arm o and
the arm, is discarded, with the practical advantage that during the time the
operator is at work, his access to his work is not interfered with by any of the
members of the pantograph system. The adjacent ends of the swinging bar k
and the link are held together by being pivotted about the axis of the tracer r.
The tracer will then make every other member of the pantograph move with it,
and push the bar before it through the device that holds the tool block s¹ to
it and the device that supports the opposite end of it. The block s that carries
the tool quill cannot bind in the slots, because the two links and p are of
the same length and must be always parallel with each other.
According to a modification of the invention, the boss n pivotting about the
spindle e, the bracket m springing from that boss and all the antifriction roller
devices,, &c., carried by that bracket, are discarded, the bar & stopping at
the bridge piece instead of being continued to the left beyond it. It
is still pivotted in the spindle e, the end of it being cranked to reach and em-
brace the latter. The off-set jis made to slide upon the respective end of the
bar and the latter is made to slide through the said off-set by interposing
between them an antifriction roller device as the one illustrated in Figure 4.
There will not be any change in the relative positions of the pivot e, the tool,
and the tracer r.
Referring to Figures 5 to 8, t is the pattern for use on the table of a panto-
graph or other engaving machine under a tracer, such as the tracer rabove
described. It is cut out of a metal plate along the proper outline, and held
fast upon a flat metal plate u of a larger area, the pattern then standing cameo-
wise or in bas relief upon the larger plate u. Any suitable metal may be used
for either plate-hard rolled brass gives satisfactory results. In carrying this
second part of the invention into effect, the top plate out of which the pattern t
is to be cut, is fastened down upon the plate u. For convenience, the plate vis
of the same area as the plate u, as shewn in Figure 5. This fastening down is
effected by means of a solder, or other fusible adhesive material having a melt-
ing point below that of the metal of the plates u and v. The fastening agent
is applied, preferably, in the form of a foil w, because it is easier to get the
agent laid evenly over either plate, when it is in that form, than it is by spread-
ing it over the said plate piece-meal, as by a soldering bit or by a brush. The
foil w is of the same area as the plates u, vas shewn in Figure 5. The term
'foil" is hereinafter to be understood as including any solder or fusible adhesive
material. The thickness of the foil w may be as desired, but it is preferred that
it should be as thin as is consistent with strong adhesion between the plates u

page_text: and .
The said foil having been placed between the two plates u and v with
the edges of the three registering with each other, as indicated in Figure 6,
pressure and heat are applied to them simultaneously. The heat must be
intense enough to melt the foil w. It is preferred that the plates u, and
foil w shall be pressed together in a press and heat applied to them all four
whilst they are in that position. The melting of the foil e, supplemented by the
pressure, fastens the two plates u and v together. The plates u and and foil w
are then cooled. If they had been raised to a high temperature, the cooling is
effected at such a rate as will make the plate v soft for being cut by the engray-
ing tool. The latter is set to cut through the plate and the foil w and may be
set to cut through them both and for a short distance into the plate u, it being
guided in so cutting by the travel of the tracer over the original. When the
cutting has been completed, the plates and, still fast together and having
the pattern separated from the rest of the plate by the groove made by the
engraving tool, are taken off the work table of the engraving machine, e.g., the
table of Figures 1 and 2, and are further fixed together by means of rivets a
passed through them both, or by equivalent means.
The foil wo is then melted,
whereby the unrivetted portions of the plate are detached from the plate u,
and are removed, leaving the pattern tin bas relief thereupon, as illustrated in
Figures 7 and 8.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said in-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
1. The hereinbefore described combination in a pantograph, of rigid bar hav-
ing the tracer fast to one end thereof and holding the tool and tracer aligned
with the centre of the instrument; supporting device on which the other end
of the said rod can move freely to and fro in the direction of its length; lever
pivotted by one end about the said centre; short arm pivotted about the said
centre; link pivotted by one end on the outer end of the said lever and having
its opposite end pivotted upon the tracer; link carrying the tool holding block
pivotted by its ends to the short arm and link respectively near the said lever
and always parallel therewith; and tool holding block held to the rigid bar
above mentioned by a device permitting the said bar to slide to and fro in the
direction of its length.
2. The herein before described combination in a pantograph, of rigid bar
pivotted on the centre of the pantograph; tracer capable of sliding along the
said bar and held by it in line with the said centre and the axis of the tool;
lever pivotted by one end about the said centre; short arm pivotted about the
said centre; link pivotted by one end on the outer end of the said lever and
having its opposite end pivotted upon the tracer; link carrying the tool holder
pivotted by its ends to the short arm and link respectively near the said lever
and always parallel therewith; and tool holder held to the rigid bar above
mentioned by a device permitting it to slide lengthwise thereupon.
3. The herein before described combination in a pantograph, of lever pivotted
by one end on the centre of the pantograph; short arm pivotted thereupon;
link pivotted by one end to the outer end of the said lever; rigid bar connected
to the outer end of the last mentioned link and moving freely in suitable sup-
ports; sliding block to carry the tool and lever and link always parallel with
each other, the latter carrying the said sliding block.
4. The herein before described combination in a pantograph, of rigid swinging
bar link carrying tool block capable of sliding along it; pairs of rollers hold-
ing the said block to the said swinging bar and means for setting them up to
the said bar.
5. The herein before described combination in a pantograph, of rigid swinging
bar; pairs of rollers supporting one end of the said bar; means for holding the
said pairs of rollers in position; and means for setting them up to the said bar.

page_text: 6. The herein before described combination in a pantograph, of rigid swinging
bar link carrying tool block capable of sliding along it; pairs of rollers hold-
ing the said block to the said swinging bar; pairs of rollers supporting one end
of the said bar; means for holding the said pairs of rollers in position; and
means for setting them up to the said bar.
7. The herein before described combination in a pantograph, of rigid swing-
ing bar. link carrying tool block capable of sliding along it; pairs of rollers
holding the said block to the said bar; pairs of rollers for holding the free
end of the said bar to the pantograph; means for holding the said rollers to the
said bar and means for setting them up to it.
8. The herein before described combination in a pantograph, of rigid swinging
bar and tracer and link pivotted about the axis of the tracer; link carrying tool
block capable of sliding along it; pairs of rollers holding the said block to the
said swinging bar; pairs of rollers supporting one end of the said bar; means
for holding the said pairs of rollers in position, and means for setting them
up to the said bar.
9. The herein before described process for the production of cameo designs
for use as patterns in an engraving machine, consisting of fastening two plates
together by a foil, pressure, and heat; cutting a groove down through one
according to the original; fixing the pattern to the bottom plate; and detaching
the unfixed portions of the top plate from the bottom plate by melting the foil
between them.
Dated this 28th day of October 1899.