Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Exhausting or Removing Gases or Vapours, and for Ventilating Rooms and other Enclosed Spaces.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 31st Jan., 1891-Accepted, 2nd May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Exhausting or
Removing Gases or Vapours, and for Ventilating Rooms and
other Enclosed Spaces.
I, CHARLES FREDRICK ELLIOTT, of 1, Wellington Fields, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to apparatus employed for the removal or exhaustion
of gases or vapours or vitiated or partly vitiated atmosphere from enclosed spaces,
such as rooms of dwelling houses, ships' holds, warehouses, and the like, and for
carrying off or exhausting from chimney shafts, smoke, or other gases, that is
to say, the invention is alike applicable as a ventilator proper or as a chimney
cowl.
Apparatus constructed according to this invention consists of a tube, having at
each end a mouth adapted to collect air moved by wind force, and to cause it to
pass through the apparatus; an aperture or apertures in the centre or about the
centre of the tube, connected directly, or indirectly, by means of a vacuum chamber,
to the space to be ventilated or from which gas or vapour is to be withdrawn ; and
inwardly projecting partial diaphragms or shields to said aperture in the tube, and
springing inwards from the point at which the inlet aperture is disposed in said
tube.
The above specified partial diaphragms or shields may consist of simple plates
or wedge shaped plates, or a tube projecting inwards, or any analogous device. In
cases in which it is desired to prevent the entrance of water into the upcast shaft
or its equivalent, the inlet aperture for the gas to be removed, is disposed upwards
or at the sides, so that water entering either mouth of the apparatus is prevented
from flowing into such shaft. The tube before referred to must be of certain
length in relation to its diameter, in order to prevent the wind from passing out
by the aperture therein, no matter what direction it strikes the collecting months
or whatever position the apparatus lies in, in relation to the direction of the wind.
A modified form of apparatus consists in having two tubes intersecting each
other as it were, and four mouths; or a greater number of tubes may be so inter-
sected. And again another modification consists in having a plurality of tubes
and mouths disposed above one another with their axes above one another, or
separated some distance away from each other; and the whole set of tubes may be
disposed and passed through a common vacuum chamber.
In an apparatus constructed as described, having two or more mouths, it will be
plain that no matter what direction the wind may blow in the apparatus, it will be
operative, and without the use of any moving parts. At the same time it is to
be understood that my invention may be adapted to be arranged as a rotary
apparatus having one air collecting mouth; also the apparatus by the use of a
valve or valves may be adapted to be used as a downcast or upcast shaft, as
desired.
The invention is applicable for ventilating all kinds of enclosed spaces of
buildings or structures, and ships holds and cabins, railway carriages and other
chambers, and also as a chimney cowl, and it may be placed vertically, upon its
side, or in any other suitable position.
Dated this 1st day of May 1890.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Exhausting or
Removing Gases or Vapours, and for Ventilating Rooms and
other Enclosed Spaces.
1, Charles Fredrick Elliott, of 1. Wellington Fields, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :--
This invention has reference to apparatus employed for the removal or exhaustion
of gases or vapours or vitiated or partly vitiated atmosphere from enclosed spaces,
such as rooms of dwelling houses, ships holds, warehouses and the like, and for
carrying off or exhausting from chimney shafts, smoke, or other gases, that is
to say, the invention is alike applicable as a ventilation proper or as a chimney
cowl.
Apparatus constructed necording to this invention, consists of a tube having at
each rud a mouth adapted to collect air moved by wind force, and to cause it to
pass through the apparatus; an aperture or apertures in the centre or about the
centre of the tube, connected directly or indirectly, by means of a vacuum chamber,
to the space to be ventilated or from which gas or vapour is to be withdrawn:
and inwardly projecting partial diaphragms or shields to said aperture in the tube,
and springing inwards from the point at which the inlet operture is dispused in
said tube.
The above specified partial diaphragms or shields may consist of simple plates
or wedge shaped plates, or a tube projecting inwards, or any analogous devier.
In ease in which it is desired to prevent the entrance of water into the upeast
shaft or its equivalent, the inlet aperture for the gas to he removed, is disposed
upwards or at the sides, so that water entering either mouth of the apparatus is
prevented from flowing into such shaft. The tube before referred to inny with
advantage be of such a length in relation to its diameter, that the wind is prevented
from passing out by the apertme therein, no matter what direction it strikes the
collecting months, or what position the apparatus lies in, in relation to the direction
of the wind.
A modified form of apparatus consists in having two tubes intersecting each
other as it were, and four months; or a greater number of tubes may be so inter-
sected. And again another modification consists in having a plurality of tubes and
mouths disposed above one another, or separated some distance away from each
other, or in the same plane; and the whole set of tubes may be disposed and passed
through a common vacuum chamber.
In an apparatus constructed as described, having two or more mouths, it will be
plain that no matter what direction the wind may blow in the apparatus, it will be
operative, and without the use of any moving parts. At the same time, it is to
be understood that my invention may be adapted to be arranged as a rotary
apparatus having one air collecting mouth and one shield or partial diaphragm
also, the apparatus by the use of a valve or valves may be adapted to be used as a
downcast or upeast shaft, as desired.
The invention is applicable for ventilating all kinds of enclosed spaces
of buildings or structures, and ships holds and cabins, railway carriages and
other chambers and also as a chimney cowl; and it may be placed vertically
upon its side or in any other suitable position.
The examples of ventilating apparatus shown in the drawings show my invention
carried out in several different ways or modifications.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 shew, respectively, in sectional elevation, sectional end
view, and sectional plan, a simple double mouthed ventilator according to the
invention.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 (which are respectively, sectional elevation, sectional end

page_text: view, and sectional plan) shew the same kind of apparatus in a signuy moumed
shape.
Figures 7 and 8 are sectional elevation and plan of the apparatus shewn in
Figures 1 to 3, provided with a controlling valve.
Figures 9 and 10 are respectively sectional elevation and sectional plan of a
quadruple mouthed apparatus of the type shewn in Figures 1 to 3.
Figures 11 and 12 are respectively, part sectional elevation, and outside
plan, of an apparatus having quadruple ventilating tubes, each of a duplex
mouthed type.
Figures 13 and 14 are outside elevation and inside side elevation of a duplex
arrangement particularly adapted to fit on walls or surfaces standing in the vertical
plane and to form a compact arrangement for such cases.
Figure 15 shews the invention applied as a ridge piece for a building or
structure.
Figures 16 and 17 shew the invention in a modified form.
Figure 18 is a sectional elevation, Figure 19 a cross section and Figure 20 a
plan in section-of another modification; and Figure 21 is a sectional elevation of a
further modification of the invention.
Figure 22 is an outside elevation and Figure 23 a plan of another modification
and of the type shewn in Figures 11 and 12.
In all the figures of the drawings, the same or equivalent parts of the different
apparatus, are designated by the same figures or letters of reference used in the
following description.
r
Referring now to the drawings, a is the tube of the apparatus through which the
air passes are bell or trumpet shaped air collecting months; designates the
aperture through which the air or gases pass from the space or chamber to be
ventilated to the tube a; dare partial diaphragms or shields disposed on either side
of the apertures e across the tube a, and by which the extraction of air or gases is
effected; e is the tube or conduit which communicates between the ventilator and
the space to be ventilated; and is a hood or chamber arranged over or round the
aperture c, and herein termed the vacuum chamber.
It will be seen that in all the figures of the drawings, the partial diaphragms or
shields hang from the upper part of the tube a, and that the aperture is in the top
part of the tube. This disposition of these parts is not in all cases essential, but in
the majority is used, since by so arranging them the water, scas, rain, snow, or
other moisture, which may be carried through the tube, is at all times prevented
from gaining access to the interior of the apparatus. In cases however where the
apparatus is adapted to serve as a downcast, this aperture with its shields or partial
diaphragms may be disposed on the lower side of the tube; at the same time, even
in such an application of the invention, they may, with practically the same effect,
be arranged at the upper side; but to render the one or other available, at will,
the tube a may be adapted to be turned about its axis within the chamber
When so made in the case of its being used as a chimney cowl, the tube may be
turned so that the aperture is at the bottom, thereby allowing the aperture to be
brushed from below. The area of one side of the shields d is in the example shewn
in the drawings, about one-third (3) the area of the tube a; this proportion is not
essentially a fixed one, but is one which can be used with advantage also the
shape or form of such diaphragms shewn in the drawings may be varied without
changing the nature of the effect produced but the form shewn in the figures is a
simple, cheap, and useful one.
Of course it will be understood the apparatus may be made of any suitable
material such as metal, wood, terra-cotta, glass, earthenware and so forth.
The action of the apparatus is, that, in the case of the fixed ventilator, the wind
forcing the air through the tube a, one or more of the partial diaphragms or
shields d, as the case may be, so act upon it that they not only prevent any
entrance of the air into the chamber, but cause a considerable rarefaction of air
within the space behind them and the chamber, and a consequent vigorous

page_text: extraction of air or gases from the space being ventilated. The air so extracted,
together with that employed for its extraction, is discharged by that one of the
mouths b, for the time being, away from the direction of the wind.
Regarding Figures 4 to 6, the apparatus shewn herein is practically the same as
that shewn in Figures 1 to 3, but is of a slightly cheaper construction when made
of zinc, galvanized iron or steel, or like material; and Figures 9 and 10 are
practically the use of the tube of Figure 1 in duplex form, crossing each other at
right angles and in the same plane. In this latter apparatus it will be obvious,
tlint from whatever direction the wind blows, one or inore, as the case may be, of
the mouths must collect air; but at the same time, even if the apparatus be
provided with only two mouths, as in Figures 1 to 6, an extracting effect is still
obtained by the apparatus when the direction of the wind is at right angles, or
approximately at right angles, to the axis of the tube a, but of course the action is
not so intense as when blowing directly into one of the mouths. The form of
apparatus therefore shewn in Figures 1 to 6 is more suitable for application to the
ventilation of moving structures, such as railway carriages and vans, ships, tram-
way cars and other covered vehicles, as in such cases the action of the apparatus is
mostly due to the movement of the structure through the air, its tube a being
set in line therewith, thus a passage of air through it is assured wherever the
structure moves.
With reference to Figures 7 and 8, the apparatus is shewn provided with a disc
valve mounted upon the spindle and having an actuating handle 4. When this
valve is set in the position shewn in the figures, the apparatus acts as an upeast or
extracting apparatus, but when it is turned so that it lies in a plane at right angles
to the axis of the tube a, and fills or nearly fills such tube, the apparatus acts as a
downeast ventilator.
On board ship and analogous cases it is desired to deliver large volumes of
air into holds or spaces, such apparatus as this may be used, one or more of
them being used as a downeast, whilst the others are acting as extracting
ventilators.
The apparatus shown in Figures 11 and 12 has four ventilating tubes a open at
both ends, and arranged round a central vacuum chamber this apparatus shews
one modified form which the invention may take when applied for the purpose of
extracting large volumes of air, or in cases where it is desired it should be of
ornamental design when applied to buildings, or both.
The arrangement of apparatus shewn in Figures 13 and 14, as previously stated,
is designed more especially for application to vertical surfaces and to protrude
therefrom as little as possible. It consists, as will be seen of practically a rect-
angular chest which serves as the vacuum chamber, through which the tubes a
pass, bell mouths & being provided at each end of the tubes as shewn. The
inlet conduite of the chamber is adapted to fit into a corresponding aperture
in the side wall onto which it is fixed, such fixing being effected by screws or
bolts A.
This kind of apparatus is especially useful for ventilating ships' deck houses,
cabins, state-rooms, railway carringes, and other moving structures; at the same
time it is also suitable for ventilating spaces where such ventilation is to be effected
through a vertical wall, as for instance, as ventilators applied to the outsides of
houses or other walls, in which case it may be very conveniently secured to an
ordinary ventilating brick, or block.
The ridge ventilator shewn in Figure 15, it will be obvious, can be applied to all
cases where it is desired to ventilate a building through a roof. In this case it will
be seen the tubes a arc connected to the sides of the ridge piece which serves as
the vacuum chamber.
In the modification shewn in Figures 16 and 17 the tube a is supported by the end
of the goose necked conduite, which end covers the aperture cand is slightly swelled
to form a chamber about each aperture.
In the modification shewn in Figures 18, 19 and 20, a plurality of apertures o,

page_text: provided at each end with shields d, are formed within the tube a in lieu of one only
as in the other cases specified with reference to the drawings. The apertures and
shields are provided in a plate a' connected with the interior of the tube a, and the
communication between such apertures and the interior of the chamber fis afforded
by an aperture c² in the tube a. One advantage attending the use of this construc-
tion of apparatus, is that it prevents birds getting into and blocking it up by
building their nests within it, the apertures, c, of course, being too small to let them
through.
In Figure 21 I'shew a modification wherein the top of the chamber of the
apparatus is open at m such opening having a coned cover n. By this construction
the apparatus works more effectively at times of the existence of little or no wind.
This cover may also be adapted to lift off so that access may be had to the interior
of the apparatus for cleaning or other purposes, when desired. The main cause of
this type acting better under the circumstances mentioned is that the air
or gases passing through the apparatus will not have so circuitous a course
to travel.
In Figures 22 and 23 the apparatus has a central vacuum chamber f and four
ventilating tubes or conduits a open at both ends, disposed upon the four sides of
the chamber, each tube or conduit having partial diaphragms or shields a standing
out from the wall of the chamber and disposed one at each end of the aperture c
therein.
It will be plain that apparatus of the type shewn in Figures 1 to 6, 9 to 10, 11
and 12, and 16 to 21 are all applicable as chimney cowls as well as for ordinary
ventilating purposes; and in the case of chimney cowls, it will also be plain, that
the invention may be carried out in various ways to suit special requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish to state in conclusion
that the invention may be carried out in various ways as exemplified by the
drawings, but that the apparatus shewn in these drawings sets forth only so many
examples or modifications of the invention; also the form or construction of the
partial diaphragms or shields d and the tubes a may be modified in various ways
without departing from the invention, and may take various configurations, but
what I do claim in respect of the herein described invention is :—–
1. Ventilators or ventilating apparatus or cowls constructed and adapted to
operate substantially as in the manner herein set forth.
2. A ventilating apparatus or cowl having a tube such as a, through which air
is caused to pass, and a device or provision such as d, or a plurality of same,
within said tube, and an aperture c communicating between the interior of the
tube a and the space to be ventilated or through which air or gases are to
be drawn.
3. A ventilating apparatus or cowl comprising the tube a, through which air is
caused to pass, one or more devices or provisions such as d, an aperture c,
and a vacuum chamber arranged over or about said aperture; substantially as
set forth.
4. In apparatus of the kind herein described, a tube a having within it a device
or provision d for the purposes set forth, an aperture c, and a valve / arranged
within said tube and in connection with the aperture c; substantially as set
forth.
5. Ventilators, or ventilating apparatus or cowls having a tube or tubes such as a
and a plurality of openings c, each provided with shields such as d and communi-
cating with the interior of the apparatus and through which air or gases extracted
therefrom pass into said tube or tubes substantially as and for the purposes set forth
with reference to Figures 18, 19, and 20.
6. A ventilating apparatus or cowl having a tube or tubes such as a and a device
or provision such as d or a plurality of same, and an aperture or apertures e com-
municating between the interior of the tube a and the space to be ventilated or

page_text: through which air or gases are to be drawn, and having an open top such as m, for
the purposes set forth.
7. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with
reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, and 4, 5 and 6, of the drawings, for the purposes
specified.
8. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings for the purposes specified.
9. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings for the purposes specified.
10. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 11 and 12 of the drawings for the purposes specified.
11. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 13 and 14 of the drawings for the purposes specified.
12. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figure 15 of the drawings. for the purposes specified.
13. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 16 and 17 of the drawings for the purposes specified.
14. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 18, 19 and 20 of the drawings, for the purposes set forth.
15. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figure 21 of the drawings, for the purposes set forth.
16. The apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with reference
to Figures 22 and 23 of the drawings, for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 30th day of January 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.