matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tidcombe at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1872.
I, GEORGE TIDCOMBE, the younger, of the Firm of George Tidcombe
and Son, of Watford, in the County of Herts, Paper Makers' Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
In the manufacture of paper the material to form such paper after
being boiled in the ordinary manner is passed into engines having toothed
rolls revolving therein and acting against other toothed surfaces by
which such material is reduced to pulp and is otherwise treated.
Thence such material or pulp is passed into reservoirs or "stuff chests
from which after being passed through knotting or straining apparatus
it is as required supplied to the paper making machinery.
"
In the manufacture of such pulp as now carried on, the pulp when
drawn or supplied from such reservoirs or "stuff chests" is found not to
be of uniform quality or consistency by reason of the variation which
exists between that produced from the several reducing engines or

page_text: apparatus, and as supplied to the paper making machine, such pulp is
found not to be of equal texture or consistency.
In carrying out my improvements I substitute for the ordinary
reservoirs or stuff chests a vessel or reservoir in which revolve rolls
acting with toothed surfaces, for the purpose of further reducing, &
refining, or finishing the pulp which is supplied to this chamber or
reservoir from the ordinary pulping or reducing engines. After passing
through and having been acted upon by such rolls and tooth surfaces,
the pulp passes to strainers or knotters" placed behind or next to each
of such rolls, and the finer portion of the pulp passes therethrough to
the paper making machinery; the coarser or less finished portion
remaining in the vessel or reservoir to be further acted upon until
sufficiently refined.
"
•
I find it advantageous to place one roll with its strainer on each side
of the vessel or reservoir, leaving space in the middle in which I place ]
the steam engine or other motive power to drive the rolls. If only one
roll is used it may be driven by an engine so placed or otherwise as may
be most convenient. By this arrangement of apparatus I am enabled
to better utilize the space now generally occupied by the reservoirs or
"stuff chests" and the separate strainers or knotters for the pulp before
being supplied to the paper making machinery, and I am enabled to
obtain greater uniformity in the material produced, with improved
quality of manufacture, with economy of space and other advantages.
I do not confine myself to the precise arrangement and application of
the motive power as described, as such may be varied, as may also the s
number of rolls. and strainers employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF SODA
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1872.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of Kelly, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF SODA," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of
carbonate of soda, consists in passing carbonic acid through a solution of
sulphuret of sodium, keeping the solution at or near the boiling point.
The process is conducted in close vessels, sulphuretted hydrogen being
given off which is used in the production of sulphuric acid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1872.
I, EDWIN KNOWLES, of the Firm of Knowles, Houghton, and Com-
pany, of Gomersal, in the Parish of Birstal, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows.
This Invention has for its object the dispensing with the springs
employed for keeping the treadles in contact with, or in position to
be acted on by the tappets, which object I accomplish by the use of
a weighted bell-crank lever and a series of guide pulleys, over which
the strap and cords connecting the said lever with the treadles,
are passed. The weight on the arm of the bell-crank lever is adjustable,
so that the treadles may be balanced so as to be in contact with the
treadles without any superfluous pressure thereon, as when employing
springs as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Hickson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
December 1872.
I, STEPHEN HICKSON, of 9, King's Row, Bedford Row, in the County
of Middlesex, Estate Agent and Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT," to
be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object to preserve meat in a fresh state
more especially for the supply of vessels, and for transporting meat in
a fresh state from one country to another. For this purpose I place
the meat in a fresh raw state, after being thoroughly set and the
surface dried, into close cases and imbed it closely with sugar, the case
being completely filled with the sugar and afterwards closed down air-
tight. I prefer for the purpose to use a brown sugar, such as the
Mauritius crystallized sugar. Meat thus packet in sugar can be pre-
served in a fresh state for a great length of time.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PORTMANTE▲us
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Grimerd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
May 1872.
I, EDWIN GRIMERD, junior, of Bernard Street, Russell Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PORTMANTE▲us," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to that class of portmanteaus which are made in
two halves or equal parts, and consists in providing a portmanteau so
made with a central case or compartment to which the two halves are
hinged, one on either side. This case or box is made of strong and rigid
material and is intended as a receptacle for linen and other articles liable
to be injured by pressure, it being fitted with a falling tray or trays on
one or both sides, and drawers also may be provided. The central case
also carries the lock for fastening the two sides of the portmanteau, and
is so hinged thereto as to remain in an upright position when the
portmanteau is opened out flat, whereby convenient access to the trays
and drawers is afforded.
AN IMPROVED INDICATOR FOR SELF-ACTING AND OTHER MULES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Newall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1872.
I, THOMAS NEWALL, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Mill
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED INDICATOR FOR SELF-ACTING AND OTHER MULES;" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in counting and indicating the number of
stretches of the mule and consequently the number of layers of yarn
wound on the spindles, by means of a worm on the cam shaft gearing
into two spur wheels, which are loose on a stud projecting from a
bracket suspended to the cam shaft; one of the spur wheels has one
tooth more than the other, so that at each revolution of the two wheels
the one is one tooth in advance of the other, and they continue rotating
in the same proportion until the smaller wheel overtakes the larger one;
the spur wheels and the bracket supporting them are provided with
or more holes.
On starting a set of cops these holes must all coincide
with each other, and when the desired number of stretches has been
given, and it is time to stop the mule for doffing the full cops, the holes

page_text: again coincide. The number of teeth in the wheels must be varied
according to the count of yarn that is being spun on the mule, for
instance, in spinning coarse yarn the cops will be full after a less
number of stretches than in spinning fine yarn; consequently coarse
yarn requires fewer teeth in the wheels than fine yarn.
The indicator above described is exceedingly simple in construction,
and the component parts cannot get out of order.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN POTS OR VESSELS FOR MAKING COFFEE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Holmes Bass at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1872.
I, JOHN HOLMES BASS, of No. 6, Featherstone Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN POTS OR VESSELS FOR MAKING COFFEE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting a coffee cell such as is described
in my
last Patent (No. 3150 in the year 1871) to coffee pots or filters
like those in general use known as Platow's filtering coffee pots. To do
this I form a valve seating in the bottom of the urn or upper vessel of
the said filtering pot, making it spherical rather than conical, and I
shape the lower edge of the coffee cell accurately to fit it so that the
coffee cell forms a valve. To prevent the coffee cell rising too high
when the boiling water comes up from below, I place suitable stops, or
simply make the coffee cell a little heavier than an equal volume of
water; I also form an exterior ring or flange round its upper edge
about a quarter of an inch smaller in diameter than the outer vessel,
and I fix a sliding cover such as is described in the Specification of my

page_text: last Patent near or upon the coffee by an expansion nut or simply by
the friction of its rim against the inside of the coffee cell, or in other
convenient way. In using the filter I place a circular piece of cotton
cloth (or other material) at the bottom of the coffee cell to act as a
strainer, then put in the coffee and lock it down by the sliding cover,
and lastly place the cell and its contents within the upper vessel. When
the water boils it slightly lifts the coffee cell from its seat, rises up in
the space between the cell and the containing vessel, and then over-
flows. When the filter is withdrawn from the lamp or fire and conden-
sation of the steam in the lower vessel takes place, the pressure of the
atmosphere forces the coffee cell firmly down into its seat and compels
the boiling water to take its passage downwards into the lower vessel
mainly through the coffee.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FANS FOR LADIES' USE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kate Robison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 17th
September 1872.
I, KATE ROBISON, of Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FANS FOR LADIES' USE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in fans for ladies' use, the
object being to so construct fans that they may give the requisite
amount of air without the exertion experienced with fans at present in
use.
I make my improved fan after the principle of the bellows, and con-
struct it as follows:-I take two exactly similar flat pieces of ivory,
polished bone, any kind of foreign or other woods, such as sandal, rose,
or other perfumed wood, or any other suitable material of a circular,
oval, heart shape, or other form, similar to hand fire screens at present in
use. These two flat pieces I place parallel to each other, about two
inches apart, and attach them together at that distance apart, by
fastening thin soft kid or other suitable material all round, a handle

page_text: is attached at the bottom or lower portion with a strap to pass over the
back of the hand so that by the action of the finger and thumb the
bellows motion is effected, and the air escapes through openings or jets
formed at suitable distances apart round the outer edge of either of the
flat picces forming one side of the fan, thus producing a large and con-
tinuous volume of air without any exertion.
I also propose, if desired in the manufacture of my improved fan to
place a sponge saturated with any known scent or perfume between the
two flat pieces which form the sides of the fan at the lower part thereof,
so that perfumed air may be emitted through the openings or jets in the
surface of the fan. The sponge may be replenished with perfume when
required through a small opening secured by a screw nut or other
suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRAINING HOPS AND PRESERVING CASES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1872.
I, SIDNEY JOHNSON, of No. 2, Langham Villa, Handcroft Road, East
of West Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STRAINING HOPS
AND PRESERVING CASES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of manufacturing these by an india-rubber
collapsed valve to be fixed over tap hole to prevent water from entering
barrells or casks when empty. The india-rubber fixed to inside of barrell
or cask by screws, or nailed with or without a metal ring with projecting
flanges to secure ends of rubber, so as to make it perfectly water-tight,
and to prevent the hops or hops seeds from entering the valve. I
propose using a strainer for that purpose, and for the purpose of keeping
the hops entirely clear from the tap, as well as the valve, so that in
tapping a cask the hops will not be disturbed, and no hops or hop seed
can possibly pass through the strainer or tap.
The strainer can be made of zinc or any other metal, or by wood,
rubber, or gutta percha, and may be used with or without the valve.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING PAPER FOR TRANSMISSION BY POST OR OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE USE OF WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lamacraft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1872.
I, JOHN LAMACRAFT, of Warwick Street, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PREPARING PAPER FOR TRANSMISSION
BY POST OR OTHERWISE WITHOUT THE USE OF WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the preparation of paper (either during or
after manufacture, and whether plain or printed) for use for letters,
notes, circulars, invoices, messages and analogous purposes in such a
manner that it may be folded and secured for delivery by post or other-
wise without the use of wrappers or envelopes, and may be readily
opened when required without injury to the written or printed contents.
I propose to effect my object by cementing or gumming one end or
side (or more than one end or side) of the paper, and perforating, cutting,
or otherwise weakening the paper where it is to be opened, either in the
manufacture of the paper or after it is made, cutting the paper to any
size or shape that may be convenient.
A COMBINED MACHINE OF WOOD AND IRON FOR ICE BREAKING, AND BEVELED SWINGING DRAWING PADDLE FOR BOATS OR BARGES ON STILL WATER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Kay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1872.
I, ABRAHAM KAY, of Westwood Hall, Ince, near Wigan, in the
County of Lancaster, Boat Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A COMBINED MACHINE OF WOOD AND IRON FOR ICE
BREAKING, AND BEVELED SWINGING DRAWING PADDLE FOR BOATS OR BARGES ON
STILL WATER," to be as follows:―
The machine is to be worked by manual labour or steam power,
connection between the power used to be by one or two levers running
fore and aft over the bow, deck, and down to the water, working on
pullies; the extremities of the said levers to form the ice breakers;
the paddles being hung on the inside of the levers, lower or higher, as
required. The outward motion of the levers causing the paddles to
swing forward, the backward motion bringing them down into the
water, forcing it backward, and the boat or barge forward.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGE BOXES
Year: 1873

page_text: |PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1873.-A communication from abroad by Captain
Samuel McKeever, of Mobile, in the State of Alabama, United
States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGE
BOXES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction and arrangement of
soldier's cartridge box which will offer great advantages both in respect
of increased .holding capacity and facility of extracting the cartridges
while the soldier is in action. It consists in making the box in two
parts and pivotting the same together, so that the box may open out and
give easy access to all the cartridges. Also in providing the movable
part with a rigid cover, which when the box is closed will overlap the
top of the stationary portion of the box. The parts are so connected
together (by making the pivots work in slots) that the movable part

page_text: when raised to the closing position may have a short drop so as to bring
the cover in place. This admits of the ordinary flap cover being
dispensed with.
The pockets are made with closed bottoms and they are secured to the
inside of the box by a flexible attachment, which will allow of the 5
cartridges being drawn into an inclined position convenient for rapid
removal by the soldier.
A flexible strap may be used to pass across the opening at the bottom
of the box when closed and to fasten on a button for the purpose of.
holding the parts more compactly together. Loops are also provided 1
through which pass the usual strap buckles of the soldier.
The pockets are arranged in four rows one above the other, and being
closed at the bottom the cartridges are prevented from slipping down
until the flange rests on the upper end of a pocket, a position which
renders it difficult to be fingered by the soldier when he wishes to 1
remove it.
As a modification of the above the folding box may have the two
parts connected together at bottom by a flexible piece laid round a
transverse pivot rod (to prevent its bulging outwards), and the moveable
or lower half of the box will be made somewhat higher than the other 2
so as to fold over. A stud or button fitted to the cover will receive a
tongue flap attached to the stationary part of the box, in order to secure
the moveable part when the box is closed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th February 1873.- A communication from abroad by
Charles Rhodes Goodwin, of Paris, France..
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,
"to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in sewing machines and
consists more particularly in the application to hand machines of the
shuttle motion employed in machines used for sewing boot elastics.
In these machines the shuttle has an alternate circular motion in
a horizontal plane imparted to it from the driving shaft which is
mounted transversely at the back part of the machine by means of a
cam, connecting rod, and rack, disposed longitudinally or parallel to
the machine arm.
As hand machines are not provided with a transverse shaft but with
two longitudinal shafts, the upper one for the needle bar and the lower

page_text: the stitch tight when the needle rises, being pressed by a spring against
stop 8. 9, pinion keyed on shaft h, and gearing with toothed wheel /
of hand wheel i. 10, 11, cams keyed at right angles to each other on
the other end of shaft h, see Figure 6, for operating the feeding device.
12, circular shuttle race recessed in plate 13, fixed to d by screw 14.
15, shuttle. 16, Figures 10 and 11, shuttle driver having two pins or
studs which bear on the ends of the shuttle so as to impart alternate
circular motion thereto in race 12. 17, shuttle driver spindle fitted in
plate 13, and provided at its lower end with a small pinion 18 gearing
with a rack 19, Figure 13, sliding transversely in plate 13. A to-and-
fro motion is imparted to this rack from eccentric 20 (Figures 8 and 12)
on shaft h, through the eccentric rod 21, which is jointed at 22 (see
Figure 9, which is a section on line 1, 2, 3, 4, Figure 8) to a lever 23
pivoted at 24 to a lug 25 at the lower part of the machine arm. The
other end of lever 23 is jointed to the rack 19 by a round headed pin
26, fitted to slide in lever 23, as shown. 27, feed claw attached by
screw 29 to a sliding and oscillating plate 28 (Figure 2) working on a
stud 30 against plate 13. 31, return piece on plate 28, which is acted
on at 32 and 33 by the cams 10 and 11 for producing the feed motion
of the claw. 34, spring, and 35, screw for regulating the length of
stitch. Figure 1 also shows a device 36 for winding thread on the
spools attached to the machine by a screw 37. It consists of a small
india-rubber friction roller 38 on the end of a spindle 39 fitted in 36.
The spool 41 is held by the pressure of spring 40, between the end
of spindle 39 and the opposite side of bracket 36, so that it may be
turned with said spindle by the contact of friction roller 88 with hand
wheel i.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Wood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1873.
I, ARTHUR WOOD, of Market Harborough, in the County of Leicester,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF VENETIAN BLINDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of Venetian blinds with
metallic ladders in a manner obviating the use of the tape, webbing, or
textile material usually employed for connecting together the laths or
slats, and producing blinds of increased strength and durability. For
this purpose I employ metal bars or bearers formed of wire or shect
metal, and suitably jointed at their ends to vertical connections composed
of metal rods or wires or sheet-metal links suspended to the upper bar,
lath, or slat of the blind, so that on tilting such upper bar, lath, or slat
by a cord or otherwise the metal connections above described shall
cause the metal bars or bearers and the laths or slats they support to
assumo corresponding or required positions. The laths or slats are
formed with slots through which cords pass for working the blinds.
The laths or slats employed in carrying out my Invention may be
made of wood, corrugated iron, or other material.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHURN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mathew Craig and John Craig
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st May 1873.
We, MATHEW CRAIG and JOHN CRAIG, both of the Town of Stewarton,
in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Joiners, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF
CHURN," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This new or improved churn, which the petitioners consider more
simple and efficient than those heretofore in use, is constructed in the
form of a stationary segmental box or vessel, with parallel sides and
radial ends, with the curved or segmental side forming the bottom, and
with four feet, preferably at the outer corners and a lid formed in two
halves, with a longitudinal slot in the centre joint for the radial arm of
the reciprocating perforated board or churn proper to work out through.
The milk to be churned is placed within the said box or vessel, two-
thirds or three-fourths full, and the said thin perforated churning vane
or board is made to nearly fill the transverse section of the segmental
box, that is, to reciprocate radially with its side edges clear of the in-
ternal parallel sides of the box, with the lower edge a little clear of the

page_text: segmental bottom, and rocking upon a transverse central spindle, carried
in bearing blocks at the outsides above the lid, and reciprocated by one
or more horizontal arms projecting from the rocking spindle to one or
both sides, so as to be actuated up and down, in the same manner as the
lever of a pump or fire engine by hand, or by motive power, by a crank
shaft and connecting rod. The oscillating of the churning board forces
the milk through its perforations from end to end of the box so as
to thoroughly churn the milk and make the butter all otherwise in a
usual manner, the buttermilk being drawn off by a tap or stop socket,
fitted at the lower segmental part of the bottom, while the butter is
lifted out by the perforated arm at the top on the cover being removed.
For very large churns the churning vanes would be made broad, and
might be attached and worked by double arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND DOUBLING YARN OR THREADS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ramsden and John
Ramsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th March 1873.
We, WILLIAM RAMSDEN and JOHN RAMSDEN, both of Bradford, in the
County of York, Spinners and Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING
AND DOUBLING YARN OR THREADS" (to be as follows) :-
This Invention relates to apparatus to be employed on machinery for
purposes above referred to whereby the "snarls or entanglements of a
thread or threads are removed before the said thread is twisted, or the
threads are doubled together by the rotary action of the spindle and
flyer so as to produce yarn free from knots, lumps, or imperfections, and
even and regular throughout. We employ a guide wire or wires by
passing over or under which the yarns or threads to be twisted or
doubled are directed from the cop or bobbin to a chased or screwed disc
or collar. The thread or threads are passed once or oftener around the

page_text: said screwed disc. The tensional strain on the yarn or threads whilst
being drawn around the screwed disc or collar removes any "snarl" or
entanglement therefrom, and the twisted or doubled yarn or threads
produced is regular, even, and free from enlargements, lumps, or irre-
gularities arising from causes above referred to.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, ALSO FOR HORTICULTURAL & DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lee, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1873.
I, RICHARD LEE, the younger, of Street Cobham, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM, ALSO FOR HORTICULTURAL &
DOMESTIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to steam boilers for generating steam, also to
boilers employed to circulate hot water for heating purposes.
Now the object of my Invention is to construct the boiler so that the
greatest amount of fire surface can be obtained and utilised in heating
water to generate steam, or to cause a circulation of hot water through
pipes attached to the boiler for that purpose. To effect this I use two
boilers in conjunction which may be made in any desirable shape to suit
any possition they are to occupy, but I prefer them to be cylindrical.
One of these I place inside the other and connect the two with pipes of
different sizes and number, according to the power of boiler and quantity
of water required to be circulated.

page_text: Between the boilers I leave a suitable space for the free passage of
heat and smoke, varying from, say, three to six inches, which is divided
by flue plates which may be movable and of any number, and placed
lengthways of boiler, thus forming flues through which the heat passes
from the fire (in the interior of the inner boiler) from one flue to 5
another, untill the heat is expended upon the three water surfaces of the
boiler and finally into the chimney from the last flue. The exterior of the
boiler I cover with a non-heat-conducting material such as felt and the
like, so that brickwork may be dispensed with.
In some cases where a large furnace is required for burning roots, 1
wood, or the like, I prefer to make the inner boiler a saddle back instead
of cylindrical.
By 1
I purpose to apply my Invention to steam boilers by making a water
jacket the shape of boilers to which it is to be applied, leaving a space
between the two for the construction of flues as before described.
my Invention I thus gain an aditional water surface exposed to the
action of fire, and no heat is lost on brickwork, this outer jacket being
connected to boiler by pipes conveniently placed for that purpose.
The front ends of flues I stop with circular flue boxes which can
be easily removed for the purpose of cleaning the flues, the back end of 2
outer boiler being stopped by a waterway, thus more effectually utilising
heat passing into flues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND INSTANTANEOUSLY ADJUSTABLE HOISTING APPARATUS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter John Auguste Hendrickx
and Jacob Joachim Kunstaedter at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd December 1873..
We, PETER JOHN AUGUSTE HENDRICKX, of 5, Belle Vue Terrace,
Queen's Down Road, Lower Clapton, Civil Engineer, and JACOB JOACHIM
KUNSTAEDTER, of 26, Camomile Street, Bishopsgate Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND INSTANTANEOUSLY ADJUSTABLE HOISTING
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in portable apparatus for
raising and lowering persons or weights in a rapid manner. It is
applicable as a fire safety apparatus for lowering persons and goods, as a
substitute for scaffolding in building and painting houses, for use in
hotels as a hoist, and in general for rapidly raising persons and other
weights.
The apparatus consists, firstly, of any convenient form of carriage
or truck, able to be dragged about from place to place by horses, by
men, or by steam power. When a horse or horses is or are harnessed
to it there is a box in front for the driver.

page_text: "
That portion of the apparatus employed for raising and lowering
consists of a series of flat links or rods placed crosswise and jointed
together at the ends and centres in such a manner as to form the
mechanical motion commonly known as the " 'lazy-tongs." Two or
more of such sets of "lazy-tongs are jointed parallelwise together by
means of cylindrical cross bars forming the joints. Between the top-
most pair is slung or suspended from similar shorter links a basket, or
box, or platform for receiving the person or other weight to be raised or
lowered. The series of cross links are made to approach the vertical
line and thereby raise the person or weight in the basket or other
receptacle in the following manner :-The two pairs of the bottom ends
of the links resting on the platform carried by the supporting truck are
joined to guides working in slots in the said platform. The four guides
are each fixed to a rack held sideways in a slide or groove. The said
racks are slidden in and out by means of a pinion connected with a
train of wheels worked by manual or other power. At each end of the
shaft carrying the pinion is a pawl or catch to prevent the gearing from
running back. The apparatus while being worked may be stayed by
means of ropes, preferably one to each corner, which are run off a reel
as the "lazy-tongs ascend. The whole can be so arranged as to be
worked from above. The body of the truck can be formed as a
water tank, into which water can be temporarily supplied in order to
ballast the whole apparatus.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON TRAMWAYs
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sadler at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1878.
I, WILLIAM SADLER, of the City of Edinburgh, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLING CARRIAGES ON TRAMWAYs," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in effecting the propulsion of carriages on
tramways by means of a steel chain or rope charged with electricity, the
ropo being attached at one end to any convenient source of motion and
at the other end to the carriages to be propelled.
By this Invention the same rope which is used for propulsion may
also be employed for conveying intelligence between the carriages and
different stations, whilst the guard or superintendent in charge of the
carriage will also be able himself to instantaneously stop the engine
when required.
THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW COMPOSITION FOR THE REMOVAL AND PREVENTION OF INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Burfitt, of Surrey House, New Wimbledon,
in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "THE
MANUFACTURE OF A NEW COMPOSITION FOR THE REMOVAL AND PREVENTION OF
INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS."
Sealed the 22nd July 1873, and dated the 13th February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Burfitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1873.
I, CHARLES BURFITT, of Surrey House, New Wimbledon, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF A NEW COMPOSITION FOR THE
REMOVAL AND PREVENTION OF INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
The composition is made in three different forms, that is to say, in
"block," in "liquid," and in "paste."

page_text: The "block" composition is compounded as follows:-One pound
(avoirdupois) of oak galls; one pound Australian bark; one quarter of
a pound of glue; one pound Irish moss; four gallons of filtered water,
to be set by the application of 170 degrees of heat. Into the vessel in
which the above ingredients are mixed put a small quantity of arsenic.
The "liquid" composition is compounded as follows:-One pound
of oak galls; one pound Australian bark; one quarter of a pound of
soda; one half a pound of Irish moss; ten gallons of filtered water. Boil
for three hours.
The "paste" composition is compounded as follows:-One pound of
oak galls; one pound Irish moss; one pound Australian bark; one
quarter of a pound of soda; five gallons filtered water. Boil to 120
degrees.
With addition to all by condensing tanic acid from vegetable matter,
such as potatoes, cabbage, and other vegetables of a like nature, that is
to say, in the "block" and the "liquid" half pint tanic acid per gallon
water, and in the "paste" one quart tanic acid to every gallon of
water.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Burfitt in the Great Seal Patent Office 2
on the 13th August 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
BURFITT, of Surrey House, New Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 2
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Burfitt, Her special license
that I, the said Charles Burfitt, my executors, administrators, and a
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Burfitt, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no

page_text: that is to say, in the "block" and in the "liquid" half a pint tanic acid,
and in the "paste" one quart tanic acid to every gallon of water.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Burfitt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of August, One thousand
cight hundred and seventy-three.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HARNESS FOR HORSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Okell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1873.
I, ROBERT OKELL, of Ardwick, in the City of Manchester, Saddler, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN HARNESS FOR HORSES," to be as follows:-
The improvements in collars consist in making them in two pieces,
fastened together at the top and bottom by means of joints consisting of
studs fitting in-holes in cross bars, each cross having several holes, or in
other convenient manner, which will allow the collar to be made wider
or narrower according to the size of the horse for which it is intended.
The collar may be made of wood strengthened by stays of iron on the
outside, which stays also form the hames. The frame of the collar can
be covered with a loose lining, which can be changed and taken off to
dry.
My improvements in tugs consist in connecting the tug to the trace
by means of a stud bolted to the iron tug piece; the end of this stud
passes through a hole in the trace to connect them together. The

page_text: fastening is further secured by means of metal or leather loops. The trace
has a number of holes in it for altering the length when necessary. By
this means I dispense with the ordinary buckle, and make a cheaper and
simpler fastening.
My improvements in trace bearers consist in their being loose on the
trace, and secured to it by means of a bolt which passes through the
loop of the bearer and a hole in the trace. The bearer can be moved
on the trace by removing the connecting bolt and passing it through
another hole in the trace; thus it is adapted for large or small horses.
This trace bearer renders the tug capable of being used for double or
single harness.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SALT OF TIN AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE TIN PLATE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolf Gutensohn at the Office of
the Commissioners for Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1873.
I, ADOLF GUTENSOHN, of Gresham House, in the City of London,
Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING SALT OF TIN AND OTHER PRODUCTS
FROM WASTE OR REFUSE TIN PLATE," to be as follows:-
In practising my Invention I use a vessel made of any material not
affected by the action of acids. In this vessel I place 50lbs. of tin plate
waste or refuse, such as the cuttings or clippings of factories or workshops.
These cuttings are covered over with muriatic acid, and are allowed to
remain in the said acid until they have acquired a dull grey colour.
When this occurs the acid is poured off into a second vessel containing
the same weight of tin plate waste; here it again remains till the colour
of the waste is dull grey, after which the same process is repeated in a
third vessel; as the acid is now so far saturated that it will dissolve no
more tin at the ordinary temperature the solution is placed in a vessel in
which there are 25lbs. of tin plate waste and is gently warmed until the
tin has dissolved. Then the same process is repeated in another vessel
containing the same quantity of tin plate waste.

page_text: During these proceedings a certain quantity of iron is always dissolved,
sometimes more, sometimes less, which is removed in the following
manner: The solution is reduced by evaporation to two-thirds of its
original quantity, then ammoniac is added until on testing with a solution
of extract of indigo a bluc black deposit is formed. A further quantity 5
of the solution of extract of indigo is then added until the deposit ceases
to be formed, the solution is then allowed to boil up for a few minutes
and then filtered; the product thus obtained is a pure solution of salt of
tin. This solution is then evaporated and the salt allowed to crystallisc.
The blue black deposit yields a powder which may be used for making 1
ink. In consequence of the addition of the ammoniac tho salts of tin
separate more quickly than the salts of iron, and after a part of the
chlorido of iron is separated by the indigo (if the quantity of iron in
solution is considerable) the solution can be evaporated down to onc
fourth of its quantity, the salts of tin being removed by crystallization 1
and the remainder evaporated into salt of chlorido of iron. The tin
plate waste freed from the tin is washed with lime water which gives it
a yellow colour.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF ARTICLES FORMED FROM GOLD
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tony Fuchy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1873..
I, TONY FUCHY, of Hanau-on-the-Maine, Prussia, Jeweller, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OR ORNAMENTATION OF ARTICLES FORMED FROM GOLD," to be as
follows:-
:-
The object of my Invention is to produce designs on the surface of
gold articles, be such surface in mat (dead gold) or polished, and in
effecting this (abandoning all former processes) I produce a design either
in mat or polished on the surface of the gold.
1. I take a piece of gold whose surface may be either polished or in
mat.
2. To form the ornament or design I cover the surface with a layer of
very thin and very hard gutta percha, I then form the design I desire
to produce on the gutta percha which now covers the surface of the
gold.

page_text: 3. I cause the gutta percha to adhere to the metal by using a size or
glue composed of garlic, gum, and gum lac; this size only dissolves
quickly by the action of potash, but it may be dissolved by plunging the
article in oil for twenty-four hours.
4. I then press the article until the layer of gutta percha is firmly
attached thereon, leaving it to dry and complete its adhesion.
5. By means of a lathe and points of very hard wood (or in any other
manner), rub the part to be uncovered until a fine polish is obtained.
6. Place the piece of gold in cold potash, and the separation of the
gutta percha from the gold is instantly obtained.
7. Wash the article in water.
8. On the polished part of its surface then spread a light coating of
gum lac by the action of heat.
9. Wire brush the piece in the ordinary manner.
10. Dissolve the gum lac in spirits of wine. By these means a well
finished solid piece is obtained, it being of a single piece and with any
form of design executed thereon either in mat or polished, as preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE- MENTS OF MOULDS OR CORES FOR CASTING IRON TUBES AND PIPES, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Toussaint at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1873.
I, JOSEPH TOUSSAINT, of No. 64, Larches Street, Sparkbrook,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the naturo
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGE-
MENTS OF MOULDS OR CORES FOR CASTING IRON TUBES AND PIPES, AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangements of moulds or cores for casting iron tubes and pipes, and
other analogous articles, and consists mainly in fitting a series of
segments of a circle in metal as an exterior to the core, these having
curved faces which bear against each other under the action of one or
more springs which press against the inner faces. There is a central rod
for the opposite ends of the springs to bear against, and this with the
sectional pieces form an entire core for the metal tube or pipe to be cast
round, the core being within a box in the usual manner. The central

page_text: rod may have flat sides for the springs to press upon, or apertures may
be formed to receive the inner ends of the springs.
The arrangement of the sectional pieces permit of the shrinkage taking
place, and facilitates their removal when desired after the withdrawal of
the central rod, which is of tapered form in its length. In lieu of 5
employing springs a central wedge-shaped rod only can be employed to
act direct upon the segmental pieces.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN Railway Couplings
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Heinrich Cohrs at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1873.
I, JOHANN HEINRICH COHRS, Merchant, of Steinstrasse, in the City of
Hamburg, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN Railway Couplings," to be as follows :-
-
This Invention relates to railway couplings whereby they can be
operated from the sides or other parts of the carriages, both for coupling
up two adjoining vehicles and for uncoupling them when desired.
The Invention consists in fitting upon or to the screw nut of one link
a plate to which or to the nut a chain is attached at one end, the other
end being connected to a lever centred upon the carriage body in such a
manner that it can be actuated by a hand lever from the side of the
vehicle or by another chain leading from, say, the top of the carriage.
The nut of the other link of the coupling has also a plate to limit the
drop motion of the coupling and to facilitate the lifting of it to a hori-
zontal position for engaging upon the hook of the adjoining vehicle.

page_text: The swing lever of the screw is in two pieces, and they are jointed
together on one side of the screw to enable one end to fall in one direc-
tion, the other piece having a weight upon its end to facilitate the
screwing up and unscrewing action without necessitating an attendant
getting between the buffers as is now done.