IMPROVED PROCESSES OF TREATING SEROUS MATTER TO OBTAIN NITROGENOUS PRODUCTS AND ALBUMEN, WHICH INVENTION ALSO COMPRISES THE PURIFICATION AND DECOLORATION OF ALBUMEN."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Werdermann, of Princes Street, in the County
of Surrey, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVED PROCESSES OF
TREATING SEROUS MATTER TO OBTAIN NITROGENOUS PRODUCTS AND
ALBUMEN, WHICH INVENTION ALSO COMPRISES THE PURIFICATION AND
DECOLORATION OF ALBUMEN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Werdermann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th September 1880.
RICHARD WERDERMANN, of Princes Street, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVED PROCESSES OF TREATING SEROUS MATTER TO OBTAIN
NITROGENOUS PRODUCTS AND ALBUMEN, WHICH INVENTION ALSO COMPRISES THE
PURIFICATION AND DECOLORATION OF ALBUMEN."
My said Invention relates to the treatment of blood for the purpose of obtaining
a dry product rich in nitrogen compounds, and to the treatment of albuminous
matter for the purpose of obtaining pure and colourless albumen.
The first part of my Invention is carried into practice in the following manner :-
The blood when taken from the animal is collected in a suitable vessel, and lime or
calcic oxide is added to it; after stirring a few minutes the lime is allowed to
settle. After the blood has coagulated it is cut into pieces or slices, and allowed to
dry in a warm place, by preference, on a floor of tiles, plaster of Paris, or other
hygroscopic material.
Instead of using lime to mix with the blood, as above described, plaster of Paris,
cement, puzzolana, or other suitable hygroscopic substance may be used, and after
deposition from the blood may be reheated for further use in the manner above
described, or may be dried and employed as manure. In order to fix the ammonia
in the blood, sulphate or acid sulphate of calcium or magnesium may be added to
the same, or the said pieces or slices may be powdered over with such salt or
salts after their treatment with lime, puzzolana, or cement, as above described.
Instead of cutting the clot or mass of coagulated blood into slices, it may bo
allowed to dry in the vessel in which it has coagulated, and to prevent loss of

page_text: ammonia it is covered by a slight layer of sulphate of lime, sulphate of magnesia
or kieserite, or a mixture of the same.
The second part of my Invention relating to the production of pure and colourless
albumen is carried into practice as follows, the serum is obtained from the blood in
the usual manner, that is to say:-After coagulation the blood-cake is cut into
small pieces, and the serum is allowed to drain from the same through perforated
zinc plates into a reservoir; but by such natural or ordinary drainage only about
25 lbs. out of 67 lbs. of serum contained in 1000 lbs. of blood will be obtained; and
in order to obtain the whole or nearly the whole of the serum contained in the
fibrine cake, I produce a vacuum in the draining apparatus or syphon, which I
prefer to have formed of glass to facilitate the supervision of the process. I then
add to the serum a convenient quantity of water, and by adding acetic acid or by
passing a current of carbonic acid through it I precipitate the other albuminous
substances, and after the liquid has been decanted and submitted to dialysis, I pass
through it a current of ozone or ozonised air, or add to it ozone water. By this
process the serum is entirely decolorized, and serum from sheep's blood which
thickens better than any other, but whose use has hitherto been limited by reason
of its dark yellow color may be now more extensively employed. The oxone may
be obtained by electrolysis of the water contained in or mixed with the serum.
The liquid is concentrated-and-dried by a gentle heat, or partly by decomposing
the water by electricity.
The ozonization may also be applied to the blood before coagulation takes

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Richard Werdermann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
March 1881.
RICHARD WERDERMANN, of Princes Street, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVED PROCESSES OF TREATING SEROUS MATTER TO OBTAIN
NITROGENOUS PRODUCTS AND ALBUMEN, WHICH INVENTION ALSO COMPRISES THE
PURIFICATION AND DECOLORATION OF ALBUMEN."
My said Invention relates to the treatment of blood for the purpose of obtaining
a nitrogenous dry product and decolorized albumen, which Invention is also
applicable for obtaining such albumen from other albuminous matter.
The first part of my Invention whereby I obtain a dry product extremely rich
in nitrogen is carried into practice in the following manner :-The blood when
taken from the animal is collected in a suitable vessel, and lime or calcic oxide or
other suitable hygroscopic material is added to it. After stirring for a few minutes
the lime is allowed to settle. After the blood has coagulated it is cut into pieces
or slices and allowed to dry in a warm place, by preference, on a floor of tiles,
plaster of Paris, or other hygroscopic material. Instead of using lime to mix with
the blood, as above described, plaster of Paris, cement, puzzolana, ashes, flour, bran,
whole meal, or other hygroscopic substances may be used. The mineral or inorganic
substances may after deposition from the blood be reheated for further use in the
manner above described, or may be dried and employed as manure, either alone
or mixed with the blood.
The hygroscopic organic substances well mixed with the blood may be used
either as manure, or as food for animals, or as a medicament.
In order to fix the ammonia in the blood, sulphate or acid sulphate of calcium or
of magnesium may be added to the same, or the said pieces or slices may be
powdered over with such salt or salts, or with one or more of the hygroscopic
substances, either alone or mixed with salts.
Instead of cutting the clot or mass of coagulated blood into slices, it may be
allowed to dry in the vessel in which it has coagulated, and to prevent loss of
ammonia I cover the surface with a layer of sulphur, or of sulphate of lime, or
sulphate of magnesium, or kieserite, or a mixture of the same, or with the
bygroscopic substances, either alone or with salts.
If instead of fixing the free ammonia in the blood, as described, I wish to
separate this ammonia from the blood after treating the latter with lime or other
bygroscopic substances, I put the slices or the bood cake into an alembic or similar
vessel, which may be provided with a steam jacket, and condense the ammonia
given off with or without the application of heat, or in a vacuum in a condenser
containing sulphuric or other suitable acid.
The second part of my Invention relating to the production of albumen is carried
into practice as follows:-The serum is obtained from the blood in the usual
manner by cutting the blood cake into small pieces, and allowing the serum to
drain from the same through perforated zinc plates into a reservoir; but by such
natural or ordinary drainage only about 40% of the serum will be obtained, and
in order to obtain the whole or nearly the whole of the serum contained in the
blood, I produce a vacuum in the draining apparatus or syphon, which I prefer as
well as the perforated plates to make of glass to facilitate the supervision of the
process. I then add to the serum a convenient quantity of water, and by adding to
this solution acetic acid, or by passing through the same a current of carbonic acid,
I precipitate the other albuminous substances, and after the liquid has been
decanted and submitted to dialysis I pass through it a current of ozone or
ozonised air, or I add to it what may be termed ozone water. By this process the
serum is entirely decolorized; the ozone may be obtained by electrolysis of the

page_text: water contained in or mixed with the serum, or by an ozoniser or ozonising agent.
The liquid is then concentrated and dried by a gentle heat, or partly by electrolysis
of the water contained in the same, or the albumen may be precipitated by weak
alcohol. The ozonisation may also be applied to the blood before coagulation takes
place. The above described process is also used for purifying and docolorizing egg
or other albumen.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the manner of performing tho
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The process whereby I obtain a rich nitrogenous dry product by the
treatment of blood with lime, flour, bran, whole meal, or other hygroscopic
materials, such as above specified or their equivalents.
Second. Treating blood with acid sulphate for fixing the ammonia therein.
Third. The process of separating the free ammonia from blood which has been
treated with lime or other hygroscopic material, as above set forth.
Fourth. The process of obtaining decolorized albumen from blood or other
albuminous matter by treating the same with ozone.
Fifth. In the said process the evaporation of the water of the solution by
electrolysis whereby I concentrate the solution without heat.
Sixth. The process of obtaining serum from blood by the aid of a vacuum, for
-the purpose-specified. -
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www.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Werdermann, have hereunto set my
hand-and-seal,-this-Eighth-day_of_March,_in_the_year_of_our_Lord One