Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Producing Cold by the employment of Carbonic Anhydride.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd July, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 18th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 19th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Producing Cold by the
employment of Carbonic Anhydride.
We EVERARD HESKETH and ALEXANDER MARCET both of 23 St. Swithin's
Lane, in the City of London Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus whereby carbonic anhydride is compressed
and liquified and afterwards allowed to re-evaporate for the production of cold.
According to this invention a duplex machine is provided consisting of high and
low pressure motive power cylinders arranged side by side and having tandem with
each a compression cylinder. The piston rods of the respective motive power
cylinders are connected with the piston rods of the respective compression cylinders
by a coupling device so that either compression cylinder can be thrown out of
action by uncoupling the said coupling device appertaining thereto the motive
power cylinders then both operating the other compression cylinder piston.
The condenser pipes are arranged under or within the base plate of the engine
the compressed carbonic anhydride passing into the said condenser pipes by
suitable connections and being led therefrom to the place where the cold is to be
produced.
In order to reduce the liability of the leathers or other parts in connection with
the compressing cylinders being injured by heat the carbonic acid gas returning
from the place where the cooling effect is produced may be led through passages
next to the compression cylinders or through jackets surrounding them or through
both such jackets and passages so as to exercise a cooling effect on the said
cylinders.
1
1001
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Producing Cold by the
employment of Carbonic Anhydride.
We, EVERARD HESKETH and ALEXANDER MARCET both of 23 St. Swithin's
Lane in the City of London Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to apparatus whereby carbonic anhydride (CO2) is
compressed and liquified and afterwards allowed to re-evaporate for the production
of cold.
According to this invention a duplex machine is provided consisting of high
and low pressure motive power cylinders arranged side by side and having a
compression cylinder tandem or in line with each such motive power cylinder.
The piston rods of the respective motive power cylinders are connected with the
piston rods of the respective compression cylinders by a coupling device so that
either compression cylinder can be thrown out of action by uncoupling the said
coupling device appertaining thereto the motive power cylinders then both operating
the other compression cylinder piston.
The condenser pipes are arranged under, or within, the base plate or foundation
of the engine the compressed carbonic anhydride passing into the said condenser

page_text: pipes by suitable connections and being led therefrom to the place where the cold
is to be produced. In order to reduce the liability of the leathers or other parts in
connection with the compression cylinders being injured by heat the carbonic acid
gas returning from the place where the cooling effect is produced is led through
passages next to or in the body of the compression cylinders or through jackets
surrounding them or through both such jackets and passages so as to exercise a
cooling effect on the said cylinders.
And in order that our said invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures of the accompanying drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 is a side elevation and Figure 2 a plan of refrigerating apparatus con-
structed or arranged according to our invention. A is the high pressure motive
power cylinder receiving high pressure steam from the generator by the pipe B the
exhaust steam from this cylinder being conducted by the pipe C to act on the piston
in the low pressure motive power cylinder D. The piston rods a d connected with
the pistons of these cylinders A and D pass through both ends of their cylinders
and are connected respectively by one of their ends to the cranks a' d' of the crank
shaft E. The opposite ends of the said piston rods ad are respectively connected
by coupling devices such as are shewn at F F to the rods G G of pistons working
in compression cylinders H H arranged tandem or in line with the cylinders A
and D respectively. By means of the coupling devices F F either of the com-
pression cylinders when desired may be thrown out of action so as to employ the
combined power of both motive power cylinders A and D to operate the piston of
the compression cylinder which has been kept coupled up.
The carbonic anhydride passes from the compression cylinder H³ into the
passage K and from thence by the pipe L² into the chamber M³ with which the
pipes 2 of the condenser N2 communicate this condenser being arranged under
the bed plate of the engine as shewn the gas circulates through the coils of pipes
in the said condenser and passes out by the pipe O' to the place where the cold is
to be produced (not shewn in the drawings) or the gas may pass by the pipe P³ to
the chamber Q which is in connection with the condenser pipes of a second con-
denser R and pass out by the pipe O2 to the place where the cold is to be
produced.
14
The CO, enters the compression cylinders through the suction passage ✗' and
then passes through passages along the cylinder before entering the cylinder to
be compressed so that the cold gas thus exerts a cooling effect on the cylinders.
In order to obtain a still greater cooling effect on the cylinders these passages may
be made longer as shewn in Figure 3. During the backward compression stroke of
the piston cold gas from the refrigerator enters at 7 and passes along the extended
passage through the valve into the cylinder L' at the front of the piston whilst
the previous charge of gas in rear of the piston is compressed and expelled by an
outlet valve (not shewn) on the pipe N. At the forward stroke of the piston cold
gas from the refrigerator is drawn through the inlet passage and passes along
the extended passage and through the valve (not shewn) but situated at into
the cylinder L' at rear of the piston and the previous charge at the front of the
piston is compressed and expelled by the outlet valve n².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. In machinery or apparatus for producing cold by the employment of carbonic
anhydride (or CO₂) the combination of high and low pressure motive power
cylinders arranged side by side and having tandem or in line with each a compression
cylinder the piston rods of the said motive power cylinders being coupled each to
the piston rod of one of the said compression cylinders substantially as and for
purpose hereinbefore described.

page_text: 2nd. In machinery or apparatus for producing cold by the employment of
carbonic anhydride (or CO₂) the combination with the engine of condenser pipes
arranged under or within, the base plate or foundation of the engine substantially
as hereinbefore described and shewn in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawings.
3rd. In machinery or apparatus for producing cold by the employment of
carbonic anhydride (or CO₂) the combination with the compression cylinder of
extended passages or a jacket in proximity to the cylinder or in the cylinder body
through which passages or jackets the cold carbonic acid gas is returned so as to
exercise a cooling effect upon the cylinder substantially as herein before described
and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
4th. The arrangement or construction of a compression cylinder for carbonic
anhydride (or CO₂) refrigerating machines the said compression cylinder having
extended cooling passages substantially as herein before described and shewn in
Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 18th day of November 1891
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
Agents.