Improvements in Breech Loading Small Arms.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 11th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1889-Accepted, 11th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Breech Loading Small Arms.
I THOMAS PERKES of 70 Osnaburgh Street Regents Park London Gun Maker do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object Firstly an improved construction and arrangement
of ejecting mechanism Secondly improved means of actuating the same and Thirdly
an improved method of cocking the hammers or tumblers by the fall of the barrels on
opening the gun.
My improvements in the ejecting mechanism consist in pivotting the catch piece
and ejecting lever on one centre instead of on two separate centres as heretofore and
in mounting the same either on the fore end or in a box or on a plate fastened thereto
in any convenient manner the action of the ejecting mechanism being regulated by a
suitable stop-Or the catch piece may be pivotted on the fore end in such a manner that
the action of putting the fore end on the barrels withdraws the same and allows the
ejecting levers to act upon the extractors.
On releasing the fore end from the barrels the catch piece returns to the locking
position.
-
When a box or plate is used it is so formed and fitted that the back thereof acts as
a lever to force back the actuating mechanism into a neutral position thereby com-
pressing the main springs and cocking the hammers or tumblers-Or the main spring
may be so formed and arranged that it engages with the box fore end or plate for the
purpose of cocking the tumblers-Or the main springs may be placed in a neutral
position by the barrels on opening or closing the gun.
Another improvement consists in dispensing with the catch piece and extending the
stand arm of the spring of the ejecting lever so as to engage with the actuating
mechanism of the gun-The ejecting lever is furnished with a projection or recess
which engages with a projection formed on the stand arm of the spring of such lever
whereby such lever is checked and held in position until released by the actuating
mechanism on opening the barrels.
Another improvement consists in operating the actuating mechanism by the trigger
which acting upon a rod or slide either withdraws the same into a neutral position or
releases it thereby causing it to act upon the ejecting mechanism.
Another improved arrangement for actuating the ejecting mechanism consists in
pivotting a lever or cam in the action and connecting it to the main spring in any
convenient manner-Such lever or cam engages with the ejecting mechanism thereby.
releasing the ejecting lever which acts upon the extractors-Or instead of such lever
or cam I form an extension on the main spring which engages with the ejecting
mechanism.
'
The actuating mechanism may be made to engage with the lever that cocks the
tumbler by the action of the barrels on opening the gun.
Dated this 11th day of Tul 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Breech Loading Small Arms.
I THOMAS PERKES of 70 Osnaburgh Street Regents Park London Gun Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention relates to improvements in breech loading small fire arms and has

page_text: for its object to simplify the construction and arrangement of the ejecting and actuating
mechanism thereof and to cock the hammers or tumblers by the fall of the barrels on
opening the gun.
One of my improvements in the ejecting mechanism consists in mounting a catch
piece either on the fore end itself or in a box or frame or on a plate furnished with
suitable extensions and fastened to the fore end of the gun in any convenient manner
-Also in so fitting such catch piece that the action of putting the fore end on the
barrels withdraws the same and allows the ejecting levers to act upon the extractors
while on releasing the fore end from the barrels the catch piece returns to the locking
position.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shews one form of this improved construction
of ejecting mechanism. a is an ejecting lever spring mounted on a plate c having
an extension c¹b is the ejecting lever for actuating the extractor leg h―such
ejecting lever is furnished with a bent 6-the extension c² on the plate c engages with
the cocking lever d to cock the tumbler e-k is a spring to hold the cocking
lever d in the cocked position-this spring may if desired be dispensed with-f is a slide
operated by such cocking lever d. This slide actuates the ejecting lever when the gun.
is opened as shewn in the detail view Fig. 2-h is the extractor leg and the catch
piece which takes into the bent b¹ on the ejecting lever by the action of a spring j
In Fig. 1 the catch piece i is shewn withdrawn from the bent ;-and in Fig. 2
it is shewn in position therein, while the slide f is shewn operated by the main
spring e instead of by the cocking lever d.-The extension e¹ on the box or plate c
is so formed that when the barrels are tilted it acts as a lever to operate the cocking
leverd which latter draws back the slide into a neutral position by means of a
projection d Fig. 1 which works in a recess formed in such slide while the cocking
lever d cocks the hammers or tumblers. After the gun has been fired the cocking
lever by means of the projection dx thereon returns the slide to the forward position
ready to again act on the ejecting lever in the manner already described.
Fig. 3 shows another of my improvements in the ejecting mechanism which consists
in fitting the fore end of a breech loading small arm with an ejecting spring a having
an extension a¹ and a tang a² all in one piece-This ejecting spring together with
the ejecting lever bis mounted on a plate c having a cocking extension c¹ which
is a continuation of the plate c. The action is fitted with a sliding cocking rod d
and is shewn closed and the tumbler in the fired position-The nose of the sliding
cocking rod is in position to act upon the tang a² of the ejecting spring a on the gun
being opened, when the extension c¹ presses against a bearing surface formed on
the sliding cocking rod and so pushes it back against the tumbler e and forces the
latter into cock at the same time that the nose of the cocking rod is acting on the
tang a², thus releasing the ejecting lever b-One advantage of this arrangement is
that the ejecting spring a is more tightly compressed thus giving it additional power
to operate the extractors.
Figs. 4. 5 and 8 shew modified forms of the box or frame c with extensions or
bearing surfaces c².
Fig. 6 shews modified forms of the cocking lever d, slide ƒ and spring k, (as pre-
viously shewn at Fig. 1,) acting in conjunction with my improved ejecting mechanism.
Fig. 7 is a detail view shewing such modified form of cocking lever d, slide ƒ and
spring acting in conjunction with an intermediate catch piece i to operate the
ejecting lever b.
Fig. 9 shews a modified form of ejecting spring a and ejecting lever b,-also a
modified arrangement whereby, when the gun is being opened, the extension or
bearing surface c¹ on the plate c presses on a spring rod f fitted in the action over
a projection g formed on the main spring thus holding such rod f in a neutral
position This arrangement is applicable to guns which are cocked by hand instead
of by the fall of the hammers-After the gun has been fired the spring rod f returns
to the forward position.
Figures 10 and 11 are detail views more clearly shewing the formation and action
of the ejecting spring a and ejecting lever 6 as shewn at Fig. 9.

page_text: Fig. 12 shews another of my improvements for actuating the ejecting mechanism
of a breech loading small arm which consists in pivotting a lever e, in the action,
in such a manner that it is urged forward by the main spring e², thus causing it
to engage with an intermediate limb d, which is pivotted on the plate e preferably on
the same centre as the ejecting lever b-This intermediate limb engages with the
extension a¹ of the ejecting spring a, thus releasing the ejecting lever b and causing it
to operate the extractors-The lever e is fitted with a retaining spring n which presses
it into a neutral position after it has operated the ejecting mechanism.
Fig. 13 shews the lever e arranged to operate directly on the ejecting lever b, instead
of on an intermediate limb; and in this figure the lever e is shewn in the position it
assumes after having operated the ejecting lever.
Fig. 14 shews a modified form of such lever e pivotted on one side of a cocking
lever d 3 or it may be pivotted on the same centre as such lever.-It is fitted with a
retaining spring n in the manner already described by which it is held in a neutral
position after operating the ejecting mechanism-a is a cocking bar to which the
cocking lever d is fitted is an intermediate catch piece one end whereof engages
with the lever e and the other with the bent 6' on the ejecting lever -On opening.
the gun the extension c¹ of the plate e engages at the point with the cocking lever d
which in turn operates the cocking bar a thus cocking the tumbler. At the same time
the lever e, operates the catch piece i, thus releasing the ejecting lever b and operating
the extractors-When the tumbler returns to the fired position the cocking lever d
again places the lever e in position to operate the catch piece i in the manner already
described.
It is obvious that such levere may be readily fitted in the action so as to operate
directly on the catch spring a with extension a¹ and tang a² hereinbefore described and
shewn.
Or instead of pivotting a lever in the action I form an extension or continuation e
on the main spring e² which engages with either of my improved ejecting mechanisms
as hereinbefore described and shewn-Two illustrations of this arrangement are given
at Figs. 15 and 16 of the accompanying drawings.
I would remark that I am aware it is not novel to form an extension on the main
spring of a breech loading small arm for the purpose of actuating the ejecting
mechanism thereof-I therefore make no claim to such extension save in combination
with my improved ejecting mechanisms as hereinbefore described and shewn or any
mere modification thereof.
I would here observe that I do not confine myself to the precise details of construction
as shewn in the accompanying drawings as the same admit of various minor modifica-
tions as regards the position and form of the several parts therein shewn without
affecting the essential features of construction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is
1. In a breech loading small arm the improved construction arrangement and com-
bination of actuating and ejecting mechanism all substantially as hereinbefore described
and shewn at Fig. 1 of the drawings.
2. In a breech loading small arm the various modifications of such improved con-
struction arrangement and combination of actuating and ejecting mechanism all
substantially as herein before described and shewn at Figs. 2, 13 and 16.
3. In a breech loading small arm the improved construction arrangement and com-
bination of ejecting mechanism all substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn
at Fig. 1.
4. In a breech loading small arm the improved construction arrangement and com-
bination of ejecting mechanism all substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn
at Fig. 3.
5. In a breech loading small arm the several modifications of such two several

page_text: improved ejecting mechanisms all substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn at
Figs. 2. 5. 9. 12. 13. 15. 16.
6. In a breech loading small arm the combination of a cocking lever and slide either
with or without a retaining spring k to actuate the ejecting mechanism all substantially
as herein before described and shewn.
7. In a breech loading small arm operating either of my improved ejecting
mechanisms as herein before described and shewn or any mere modification thereof
by means of an extension e formed on the main spring all substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn.
8. In a breech loading small arm the combination of a spring rod f with the main
spring and ejecting spring a all substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn at
Fig. 9.
9. In a breech loading small arm forming the ejecting spring a with an extension a¹
and tang a² all in one piece substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn.
10. In a breech loading small arm fitting the fore end thereof with a box frame or
plate c furnished at the back with extensions or bearing surfaces c¹ to force back the
actuating mechanism and cock the tumblers all substantially as hereinbefore described
and shewn..
11. In a breech loading small arm operating the ejecting mechanism by means of a
lever pivotted in the action all substantially as bereinbefore described and shewn at
Figs. 12. 13. 14.
12. In a breech loading small arm fitted with either of my improved ejecting
mechanisms as hereinbefore described and shewn or any mere modification thereof
-actuating such ejecting mechanisms by means of an extension formed on the main
spring all substantially as herein before described and shewn at Figs. 15 and 16.
13. In a breech loading small arm pivotting a catch piece on the fore end to retain
the ejecting lever in position when withdrawn from the barrels substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described and shewn at Figs. 1. 2 and 16.
wawu
xxp
2003.
ELT & Co.,
33, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, London, Agents for the Applicant.