Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 5th July, 1887.
Specification Accepted, 13th Sept., 1887,
I. PAUL ALEXANDER KÜHNE, of Dresden, Saxony, in the Empire of Germany,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manuer
the same is to be perforined, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The object of my invention is to manufacture an improved form and description of
hot air pumping and motive power engine.
And in order that my invention may be particularly described and ascertained,
reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1. is a sectional elevation, and Fig. 2. a plan, shewing one method of carrying
out my invention. Figs. 3 and 4 represent a modification of the same.
The apparatus consists principally of a cylinder a, closed at one end, while its
other end communicates, by means of the pipe r, with the reservoir b. The cylinder a
carries an inner cylinder c, which is made thoroughly air-tight, and is free to slide in
the cylinder a, and which, according to the position of the apparatus, approximately
fills up either the one or the other half of the cylinder a; whereby the air contained
in the cylinder a, is driven from end to end of the cylinder a.
One end of the cylinder a is enclosed in a water jacket k, whereby that end of the
cylinder a is maintained at a low temperature.
The other end of the cylinder a, is heated by a lamp h, or other source of heat,
placed upon the plate. The apparatus is sustained by means of trunnions n' n²,
resting upon the two frames s¹ s², upon which it is balanced.
The weight g is made adjustable, in order to balance the opposite end of the
apparatus. When the apparatus is used for the purpose of pumping, the two
pipes and e serve respectively for the entrance or supply of water to, and the
outflow of the same from the reservoir. The inlet pipe d, is provided with a valve v²,
which opens inwards, to admit water to the reservoir, while the outlet pipe e is
provided with a valve, which allows the water to flow out of the reservoir b, and
prevents it from returning to the same. The pipe conveys fresh water to the
jacket k, and the pipe e carries the water flowing from the reservoir to any suitable
receptacle. These pipes are provided with india-rubber junction tubes. The position.

page_text: of the apparatus, as shewn in the drawing, is that which it assumes when the volume
of air has been transferred to the hot end of the cylinder. The apparatus operates in
the following manner :-It is set in motion by placing a gas, petroleum, or spirit
lamp h, upon the plate t, and under the heat jacket p. This heat jacket is open at the
bottom to allow the entrance of hot gases, and is provided with slots at the top to
permit the escape of the products of combustion.
The hot gases heat the right hand end of the cylinder a, whereby the air contained
therein is expanded, and thereby forced past towards the cool end, and through the
pipe r, to the reservoir below the elastic diaphragm .r, fitted air-tight within the
latter, and consisting of expanding material such as india-rubber; the diaphragm
being consequently raised by the pressure. The water contained in the upper part of
the reservoir b is forced, through the outlet pipe e and conveyed for use to a fountain,
or any other suitable receptacle. This operation renders the whole of the left hand
part of the apparatus lighter in weight, in consequence of the partial removal of the
water, thereby allowing the counter-weight to fall; in consequence whereof the
cylinder e travels to the right hand end of the cylinder a. The spiral springs ff, at
the ends of the cylinder a, reduce vibration when the cylinder e arrives at the end of
the cylinder a, the heated air is then forced into the left hand end of the cylinder a,
which air is cooled, by means of the water jacket. k, whereby the air is reduced in
volume. The diaphragm r then descends to about the dotted line shewn in fig. 1, in
the reservoir b, in consequence whereof some of the water is drawn from the jacket k
into the reservoir b. The left hand side of the apparatus being now weighted sinks,
and by sinking raises the counter-weight g, thus causing the cylinder to return to
the left hand end of the cylinder a, and to transfer the cold air into the right hand
end thereof. Here the air is re-heated, and again forces the water out of the reservoir b
into the fountain, or other reueptacle; the left hand end becoming again lighter in
weight, the weight y falls, and the former operation is repeated. In this manner the
apparatus operates automatically and noiselessly from 30 to 40 times per minute,
according to its construction.
C
The diaphragm r, consisting of india-rubber or other expansible material, is fitted
airtight in the reservoir, upon which the pressure of air operates, and forces the
water through the outlet pipe e, and prevents the passage of air through the outlet
pipe, and consequent interruptions that would thereby arise in the outflow of water.
The cylinder a may be coated on the exposed parts with asbestos or other non
conducting material to prevent loss of heat.
In adapting my invention as a motor of greater power, or to impart rotation to a
crank shaft adopt the form shewn in Figs. 3 and 4. Fig. 3 being a section, and
Fig. 4 an end view of the same. m is a cylinder fitted with a piston 1. y is an air
chamber. is a cold water jacket, a connecting rod, connecting the piston with
the cranky. c is a globe which rolls from end to end of the chamber y. o o are slots
or apertures for the exit of the heated gases from the lamp h. nn are trunnions on
which the apparatus oscillates.
In the position shewn in Fig. 3, the bulk of the air has been transferred to the cold
end of the chamber y, by reason of the globe c¹ having displaced it from the hot end.
The piston is descending.
When the crank has passed on the lower dead centre, the glohe e' rolls to the left
hand, thus transferring the bulk of the air to the right hand, where it again becomes
heated, expands, and drives up the piston.
In this case, as well as in the apparatus first above described the pressure obtained
and power generated by the expansion and contraction of a volume of air contained in
a closed space is utilised.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
--
1. In the construction of hot air engines, the application and use of apparatus,
constructed, arranged and operating substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and shown on the drawings.

page_text: 2. The utilization of the power arising from the difference of pressure, resulting
from the alternate heating and cooling of a gaseous body, such as air, contained in an
enclosed space, and operating as a pump for forcing or exhausting liquid bodies, such
as water, by means of an elastic diaphragm, or as a motor upon a piston or pistons
moving up and down in a cylinder or cylinders, substantially as herein before
described and shwen on the drawings.
3. The combination, for the purposes aforesaid of a cylindrical body c, occupying
either the one or the other half of the cylinder a whereby the air is driven to one or
the other end of the said cylinder.
4. The arrangement of a cooling water-jacket at the opposite end of the cylinder a
to that which is heated, such jacket cooling the heated air, which then becomes
reduced in volume, and thereby exhausts the water through the pipe d out of the
cooling jacket & into the water reservoir .
5. The use and application of a diaphragın of india-rubber or any other suitable
elastic material in the water reservoir, upon which diaphragm the pressure of the
air heated in the cylinder a operates to force the water out of the upper part of the
reservoir, through the outflow pipe e, the arrangement of the said diaphragm
preventing air from being carried into the outlet pipe e. substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn on the drawings.
iP
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicant.