IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MOULDING OR SHAPING OF GLASS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Warren, of Glasgow; in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Glass Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
"
Scaled the 27th May 1856, and dated the 27th November 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Warren at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
November 1855.
1, THOMAS WARREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of tho said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MOULDING OR SHAPING OF GLASS"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture and the moulding or shaping of
glass into various articles and for various purposes, in such manner as to effect
great economy in manufacturing cost, whilst the articles so made are greatly
superior to such as are produced by processes hitherto in use: Instead of
ladling the melted glass, or the "metal," as it is technically termed, form the
melting pot or furnace to the moulds or table, or into cisterns or intermediate
receivers, the present Invention comprehends and provides for the running of
the melted glass directly into the moulds or on to the table without the use
of any intervening apparatus. By the adoption of this system of manufacture,
not only is the glass moulded in a hotter state, producing better work than has
hitherto been the case, but the cost of manufacture is materially lessened.,
This process is applicable as well to the manufacture of "plate" glass of all
kinds as to the moulding or shaping of articles inore or less intricate in form.:

page_text: It is, moreover, especially suited for the manufacture of glass pipes of all kinds
as substitutes for cast iron and other pipes. The core bars or apparatus for
producing or shaping the internal bore or capacity of the pipes is of the
collapsable kind, so that the core can be immediately withdrawn from the
mould after the glass has been run in, when the glass casting may be removed
for annealing. The collapsable core bars to be used for this purpose may
be of any conveniently available kind, such, for example, as that for which
British Letters Patent have been granted to Messieurs Law & Inglis, and to
Mr. Page and others, who employ these cores for moulding iron. Hollow articles
of other kinds may be similarly produced by the aid of collapsable cores.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Warren in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho
27th May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WARREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Glass Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Thomas Warren, Her special license that I, the said
Thomas Warren, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Thomas Warren, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND MOULDING OR SHAPING
OF GLASS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas
Warren, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Warren, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:―
My said Invention relates to the manufacture and the moulding or shaping
of glass into various articles and for various purposes, in such manner as to
effect great economy in manufacturing cost, whilst the articles so made are
greatly superior to such as are produced by processes hitherto in use. Instead
of ladling the melted glass or the "metal," as it is technically termed, from
the melting pot or furnace to the moulds or table, or into cisterns or inter-
mediate receivers, the present Invention comprehends and provides for the
running of the melted glass directly into the moulds or on to the table without
the use of any intervening apparatus. By the adoption of this system of
manufacture, not only is the glass moulded in a hotter state, producing better-
work than has hitherto been the case, but the cost of manufacture is materially
lessened. This process is applicable as well to the manufacture of "plate" glass
of all kinds as to the moulding or shaping of articles more or less intricate in
form. It is, moreover, especially suited for the manufacture of glass pipes of
all kinds as substitutes for cast iron and other pipes. The core bars or appa-
ratus for producing or shaping the internal bore or capacity of the pipes is of
the collapsable kind, so that the core can be immediately withdrawn from the
mould after the glass has been run in, when the glass casting may be removed
for annealing. The collapsable core bars to be used for this purpose may be
of any conveniently available kind, such, for example, as that for which British
Letters Patent have been granted to Messrs. Law and Inglis, and to Mr. Page,
(bearing dates on or about the Seventh day of September, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three, and the Twenty-fifth day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five respectively,) and others who employ these cores for
moulding iron. Hollow articles of other kinds may be similarly produced by
the aid of collapsable cores.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I have
hereunto appended and shall now proceed to describe a Sheet of Drawings
explanatory of the mode of working out the same in practice.
Figures 1 and 2, on the said Sheet of Drawings, are vertical sections, taken
through the furnace and melting pot, of a glass house, and showing my
improved system in operation. In Figure 1 a mould for the formation of a
glass cylinder or pipe is shewn in elevation as receiving the melted glass,
whilst in Figure 2 the melted glass is represented as being poured on a tablo
for the formation of plate or sheet glass. Figure 3, on the same Sheet of
Drawings, is a vertical section, and Figure 4 is a plan, of a collapsable core

page_text: bar of the kind I propose to adopt in the manufacture of pipes, cylinders, and
other articles of glass.
manner.
The melting pots A (Figures 1 and 2) may be of any of the kinds or forms
in use, and they may be disposed in the furnace chambers B in any suitable
It has hitherto been customary, to take the melted glass from the
pots A by means of ladles, but according to my Invention outlet passages C
are formed from the melting pots through the walls, D of the furnaces, and
suitable spouts or mouth-pieces E are adapted to such passages outside of the
furnaces. The outlets may be stopped in any convenient manner when re-
quired, as, for example, by means of pieces of clay thrust into them. The spout
E, represented in Figure 1, is made to project considerably from the side of the
furnace, in order that the moulds, such, as the one represented at F, may be
brought upon their carriages G, or otherwise conveniently under it. The
mould F is of such a kind as may be used for casting glass pipes or cylinders.
The portion of the mould which shapes the exterior of the object consists of
any convenient number of segments hinged together, handles H being provided,
by means of which the segments are opened or separated from each other, for
the purpose of removing the glass object from within them. The internal
surface of the glass cylinder or pipe is shaped by a core bar I, which is of the
collapsable kind. Various kinds of collapsable core bars may be used, such,
for example, as that represented in Figures 3 and 4 on the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto attached. This core bar is set upon à plato or table J, upon which
is a raised circular rim K, which retains the core' bar I accurately in position.
The core bar consists in this instance of four segmental pieces connected
together by the hinges L. Of the four segments, onc, M, is smaller than the
rest, and it is only hinged on one side, the other side being bevilled, so as to
open easily inwards from the adjacent segment, which is also bevilled the
reverse way to fit the segment M; this segment M is connected by a short
link N to the short arm O of a bell erank lever O, P. Both the arms P and O
of this lever are bowed or forked to adapt themselves to the sides of a vertical
bar Q, which passes up the axis of the core bar, and is steadied by being set
in a central hole in the plate or table J. The lever P, O, is jointed to the
bar Qas a fulcrum, and by means of the long arm P, which is handled, is
made to shift the segment M in and out. By turning the lever P. over towards
the bar the small segment M is forced outwards, and the entire core bar is
expanded against the rim K. The external portion F of the mould is then
placed round the core bar I, and the melted glass is poured in; then, when
the core bar is to be withdrawn; the the lever P is shifted, so as to draw in the
small segment M, and this being done the several segments will easily fold

page_text: together, so that the whole, can be withdrawn from the interior of the glass"
cylinder or pipe.
In constructing core bars for the purposes of my Invention according to the
systems herein-before referred to, as applied by Messrs. Law and Inglis, and
by Mr. Page, in the manufacture of cast-iron pipes, I either prepare the
outer surface of the bar to receive a coating of loam or other suitable material,
or I make such outer surface plain and smooth, so that the melted glass is in
direct contact with the smooth metal. In Figure 2 the spout E is represented:
as projecting a very short distance from the side of the furnace, this being
sufficient for the pouring out of the melted glass upon the table R for the
formation of plate or sheet glass. The outlets C for the melted glass may be
made to proceed from any convenient part of the melting pots or vessels A, as,
for example, from the bottoms thereof, and the melted glass. may be supplied
in this manner to various kinds of moulds or other apparatus for shaping glass
in a melted state.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and, the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I may observe, in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict
myself to the precise details or arrangements, which I have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of my Invention; but what
I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the system or mode of manufacturing articles of glass by moulding or
shaping it in a melted state, wherein the melted glass is supplied or drawn off
from the melting pot or vessel by a duct, spout, or passage communicating
with the bottom or side of such pot or vessel, as herein-before described.
Second, the application and use in the manufacture of pipes, cylinders, and
other articles of glass wherein the melted glass is supplied to the moulds or
shaping details by ducts, spouts, or passages communicating with the melting
pots, of collapsable core bars, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Warren, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-six.
THOMAS WARREN. (L.S.)