IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PAPER FOR HANGINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Girvan and John James Cathro, of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Paper Stainers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PAPER FOR
HANGINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."-Partly a
communication from abroad by Hypolite Lecerf. residing at Paris
Sealed the 28th July 1874, and dated the 31st January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Girvan and
John James Cathro at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st January 1874.
We, JAMES GIRVAN and JOHN JAMES CATHRO, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Paper Stainers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING PAPER
FOR HANGINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR" (which
Invention has been in part communicated to us from abroad by
Hypolite Lecerf, residing at Paris, and is in part of our own Invention),
to be as follows, that is to say:-

page_text: This Invention relates to the production of certain ornamental effects
on paper for hangings and other purposes in a superior and economical
manner.
In carrying out the Invention a uniform dead surface is first formed
on the paper by means of what is known to paper stainers as "satin
ground" or similar materials, and then stripes or portions of such surface
of any desired ornamental configuration are made to appear bright as
through burnished. This effect is produced by applying a brush with a
rapid action to the dead surface, and at the same time covering such
surface with powdered French chalk, the parts that are to remain dead :
being protected by a mask or plate of thin sheet metal or other suitable
material in which the ornamental devices are cut as in a stencil plate.
If the French chalk is applied in its natural state the burnished and
unburnished parts exhibit whatever tint the paper is grounded or
surfaced with as very slightly modified; but a richer ornamental effect
is obtainable by a further improvement, which consists in dyeing or
tinting the French chalk before applying it, and thereby causing the
burnished and unburnished parts to present different colors or shades.
may
Paper ornamented in the manner herein-before described have
any ornamental patterns or devices printed on it or superadded to the
burnished devices.
•
The apparatus to be used in carrying out the Invention comprises a
roller brush made to revolve at a rapid rate whilst the paper is carried
slowly forward over a roller or cylinder so as to present each part of it
in succession to the brush. The mask for protecting the parts that are
to remain unburnished is in the form of a cylinder, which encircles the
brush, and consequently interposes between it and the paper, and which
is made to move at the same surface speed as the paper.
When the parts to be protected are in the form of stripes bands of
paper and woven fabric combined are used, being led by suitable guide
rollers or pulleys so as to pass at a proper rate between the paper and
the brush.
The "satin ground" or other material used for the grounding or
surfacing is apt to become burnished by accidental friction at the parts
which should remain dead, but this can be prevented by dusting on

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Girvan and John James Cathro in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 30th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
GIRVAN and JOHN JAMES CATHRO, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Paper Stainer, send greeting.
the
year
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four,
in the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, give and grant unto us, the said James Girvan and
John James Cathro, Her special licence, that we, the said James Girvan
and John James Cathro, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said James Girvan and John James Cathro, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ORNAMENTING PAPER FOR HANGINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR" (partly a communication to us from abroad by Hypolite
Lecerf, residing at Paris, and partly our own Invention), upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Girvan and John
James Cathro, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same.
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Girvan and John James
Cathro, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what.

page_text: ascertained in and by the following statement in writing, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to the production of certain ornamental
effects on paper for hangings and other purposes in a superior and
economical manner.
In carrying out the Invention we first form a uniform dead surface on
the paper in a well-known way, and by means of what is known to
paper stainers as "satin ground” or similar materials, and then we
cause stripes or portions of such surface of any desired ornamental
configuration to appear bright as though burnished. This effect we
produce by applying a brush with a rapid action to the dead surface, and
at the same time covering such surface with powdered French chalk, the
parts that are to remain dead being protected by a mask or plate or
sheet of thin metal, or other suitable material in which the ornamental
devices are cut as in a stencil plate. If the French chalk is applied in:
its natural state the burnished and unburnished parts exhibit whatever
tint the paper is grounded or surfaced with as very slightly modified;
but a richer ornamental effect is obtainable by a further improvement
which we have made, and which consists in dyeing or tinting the French
chalk before applying it, and thereby causing the burnished and
unburnished parts to present different colors or different shades of the
same color.
Paper ornamented in the manner herein-before described may have
any ornamental patterns or divices printed on it or superadded to the
burnished devices.

page_text: bearings for various rollers and gearing. The burnishing is effected by
means of a cylindrical or roller brush 4 fixed on a horizontal shaft 5, on
one end of which there is a pinion in gear with a spur wheel 6 on
a first motion shaft 7, having on it a pulley 8 for a driving belt. In
5 Figure 1 the toothed wheels are indicated by pitch circles colored red..
Immediately below the roller brush 4 there is a drum 9 between which
and the brush, the paper 10 to be operated on, and shown by a green line,
passes, being drawn-off a roller 11, and afterwards wound up on a split
spindle 12. The drum 9 is formed with a cylindrical wooden surface
fixed to metal ends 13, and in the rims of these ends holes are formed
for pins to gear into, which are on the rims or edges of two discs or
wheels 14 turning upon but not fixed to the shaft 5 of the brush. The
wheels 14 are on short tubular shafts which on the outsides of the frame
standards 1, 2, have spur wheels 15 fixed on them, and these spur
wheels 15 receive motion (through intermediate carrier wheels 16,
Figure 1), from pinions 17 on the first motion shaft 7.
The object of the arrangement of the parts in connection with the
discs 14 as just described was to admit of a cylindrical shell or mask of
thin sheet metal, and having devices cut in it as in a stencil plate, being
attached to the discs 14, so as to surround the much more rapidly
revolving brush 4, and be between it and the cylinder 9. When
however it is not intended to use such cylindrical shell or mask the lower
cylinder 9 may be driven at a suitable speed by any convenient simpler
and more direct gearing.
In Figures 1 and 2, the arrangements for burnishing in stripes are
shown. The portions not to be burnished are protected by endless.
bands 18 which pass round rollers 19, 20, and over grooved guides 21,
the last preventing the several bands from becoming displaced laterally.
The paper after it is operated on is wound up on the split spindle 12, by
means of a pulley 22 indicated by dotted lines in Figure 1 and driven by
a cord from a pulley on the brush shaft 5.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of an arrangement we find preferable to
the cylindrical shell when desiring to produce burnished devices other
than stripes. The devices are cut in a sheet of paper or combined cloth
and paper, or other suitable material which can be joined into an endless

page_text: improper burnishing of the dead surfaces of paper hangings or similar
papers as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Girvan, on behalf of myself
and the said John James Cathro, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JAMES GIRVAN. (L.S.)