DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION
Year: 1835

page_text: BODMER'S SPECIFICATION, AND DISCLAIMER AND
MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION.
SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GEORGE BOOMER, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of May, in the fifth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John George Bodmer, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that 1, the said John George Bodmer, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said John George Bodmer, my
executors, administrators, and assigns; should at any time agree with, and no
other, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, ROVING, AND SPINNING
COTTON AND WOOL; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I,
the said John George Bedmer, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
29/1

page_text: Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John George Bodmer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by Drawings particularizing the following
explanation thereof; that is to say-
My present Invention of Improvements in Machinery for Preparing, Roving,
and Spinning Cotton and Wool, consists in certain new modes of performing
several of the operations connected with such preparing, roving, and spinning
in a more easy and proper manner, and in certain additions to and modifica-
tions of the constructions and arrangements of my former machinery for
cleansing, carding, drawing, roving, and spinning of cotton and wool, which
embrace a novel arrangement of consecutive operations running through the
whole system, by lapping and unlapping the fibres. and conducting then on
travelling surfaces, and for which Invention His late Majesty King George
the Fourth granted to me His Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at West-
minster, the Fourth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-
four, and the Specification of my said Invention having been duly inrolled in
the Petty Bag Office of His Majesty's High Court of Chancery on or before
the Fourteenth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five, 1
now refer to the same for the better illustration of my present Invention. In
order to explain the improvements which constitute the subjects of my present
Patent, applying to the different machines for opening, blowing, carding,
lapping, slubbing, drawing, roving, and spinning of cotton and other fibrous
materials, I have hereunto annexed nine Sheets of Drawings exhibiting
my several improvements in detail, and the manner of adapting them to
the different machines employed in the various operations of preparing, roving,
and spinning of the said fibrous materials.
Sheet 1. Figure 1 represents the willow or machine in the cotton or other
material is opened, that is, its fibres separated and thrown oui in a loose state.
This Figure is a longitudinal section, taken through the middle of the machine;
and Figure 2 is a horizontal representation of the same machine, taken partly
in section, and broken away to shew the parts below. a, a, is the feeding
apparatus, consisting of three endless chains, passing over spur wheels b, to
which chains are attached a series of transverse rails. These rails, as an
endless flexible grating, conduct the cotton, or other material to be opened, on
to a curved plate c, which I call the feeding plate, thence to be carried forward
by the roller or cylinder d, covered with pointed teeth. The teeth of this

page_text: roller I propose to make in the form shewn in the side and edge views, drawn
upon a larger scale at Figures 3 and 4, having two rows of teeth cast to a rib
of metal, which ribs extend the length of the roller d, and when affixed
thereto, as shown at Figure 1, the points all stand radially. This roller d, as
it revolves slowly, brings the material on to a row of teeth which extend across
the machine in front of the feeding plate at e; one of the pieces of which this
row of teeth is constituted is shewn detached and upon an enlarged scale in
the front and side views, Figures 5 and 6. Several of these pieces e connected
being fixed in front of the feeding plate, their teeth receive the fibrous
materials, and hold it while acted upon by the teeth of the rapidly revolving
large drum or cylinder,. This large drum f. has rows of teeth fixed all
round its periphery in the manner partially shewn atg, 9, 9, in Figure 1. The
respective rows of teeth are castin metal ribs, as represented detached and on
an enlarged scale in the horizontal view, Figure 7,and edgewise at Figure 8;
but are attached to wooden rails, for the purpose ofaffording strength without
greatly increasing the weight. As the large drum revolves, which may be at a
speed of about a thousand revolutions per minute, its teeth take hold of and
draw out the fibres of the cotton or other material brought on to the teeth e, in
front of the feeding plate, by the rotation of the pointed roller d, as described,
and by the rapid rotation of the drum the fibres in a loose state are carried
through the machine. The feeding plate c, and roller d, the row of teeth e;
and also the opening drum f. are enclosed within a casing, the lower part of
which has a series of gratings h, h, h, to let through any dirt, seeds, or dust
which may be separated from the cotton or other material under operation.
The sides of the casing, and also the ends of the drum, are partially opened
to admit air, which by the centrifugal force produced by the rapidly revolving
drum f. passes the narrow openings between the rails, clearing the fibres from
the teeth
Is and blowing the open fibres over the said grating h, through the
spout i, upon a wire cloth or other convenient receptacle. The axle of the
rotary parts of the machine are mounted in suitable bearings on side frames
or standards, aud they are made to revolve with suitable speeds by means of
toothed gear and a contact wheel, driven by the main drum f, in the manner
shewn at Figure 2, or they may be driven in any other convenient way; but
it will be best to adopt corresponding gear on both sides of the machine, in
order to keep the feeding apparatus parallel to the opening drum. I consider
that this construction of machine presents very important advantages over the
ordinary kinds of willow or opener, as in my improved construction the feeding
apparatus will not allow any lumps of cotton or other material to pass un-
wrought through the machine, or, what is still worse, come out rolled or

page_text: twisted into a string; but the fibres in an open state will be carried through
the machine perfectly loose, in a great measure divested of seeds or other
extraneous matter. The cotton or other material having been thus opened
and cleared, must then be weighed and lapped upon a roller in the ordinary
way, previously to its being submitted to the next operation in my improved
blowing machine.
Figure 9 is a longitudinal section of the blowing machine. Figure 10
is a horizontal section of the same. The general construction of this
machine bears a close resemblance to the willow above described. a, ay
are two carrier rollers, upon the peripheries of which is placed the lapped
roll of cotton shewn by a circle of dots b, b, b. On these rollers a, a, being
made to revolve by toothed gear, or other means, as shown in the horizontal
view, Fig. 10, the lapped roll of cotton will be turned round and made to
unlap its sheet of fibres, which by so doing will pass down on to the feeding
plate c, and will be carried forward by the rotation of the roller d, which is
coated with wire cards or points or brushes, as may be thought most desirable.
A sectional representation of the feeding platec is shewn upon an enlarged
scale at Figure 11, on the front part of which is fixed a comb or blade having
a series of small teeth e on its edge, shewn more evidently at Figure 12. The
main drum, which is intended to revolve at a speed of about one
thousand rotations per minute, carries a series of combs g, g. 9, each attached
to a wooden rail made fast to the periphery of the drum f by screws, but
having small spaces of about 1/16th of an inch left between the respective
rails for the free passage of air. The form of these combs y, 9. and the
manner of attaching them to their rails, are shewn in the front and edge
: detached views of them upon an enlarged scale at Figure 13 and 14. The
large drum f'is so mounted upon its bearings that in revolving its combs pass
within about of an inch of the points of the comb e, in front of the
feeding plate, which distance however must be regulated according to the
quality of the material operated upon, and in thus passing the combs draw
out the fibres of the material from the teeth e, and carry them through the
machine. The ends of the drums, and also the casings, are open, as described
in reference to the willow, and the wind passes between the rails of the
combs g, g, blows the loose fibres through the spout i, the dust and other
impurities falling through the gratings h,h,h,below; the driving of the blower
and its feeding apparatus is effected in the same way as the driving and feeding
of the willow. The loose fibres blown through the spout i may fall upon
travelling surfaces in a cage, or upon a revolving wire drum, from which they
are taken up by a lapping machine, as described in my former Patent, or in

page_text: the ordinary manner. In the ordinary construction of the blower, as partially
represented at Figure 15 (merely for the purpose of illustration), it will be
perceived that between the two feeding rollers z,, and the beaters y, a spaco
remains which will allow lumps or entangled pieces of the fibres to be struck
down without being opened by the beaters; but in my improved feeding
apparatus the points of the teeth of the large drum in the blower as they
revolve pass so near the teeth of the comb blade in front of the feeding plate,
that no lumps or knots can possibly pass without having their fibres separated.
My improvements in the carding engine apply, first, to the feeding apparatus,
which is in a great degree similar to that described in connection with the
blower; and secondly, to the mode of cleaning the top cards and shifting their
positions in a more simple way to that described in my former Specification.
Sheet II. Figure 16 is an elevation of my improved carding engine, part
of the side standard being broken away in order to shew the feeding apparatus
in section. Figure 17 is a horizontal view of the same. The filiaments of
cotton from my improved blowing machine having been lapped upon a roller
or large bobbin in the ordinary way, that lapped roll of cotton is placed in
the carding engine at a, its periphery bearing upon a roller b, driven in the
direction of the arrow by toothed gear, as shewn in Figure 17. By the rota-
tion of the roller & the filiaments of cottonare gradually unlapped or unwound,
and carried over the surface of the roller bon to the feeding plate c. Above
the feeding plate, the roller d, covered with wire cards, revolves, and conducts
the lapped filiaments forward towards the roller f, which is also covered with
wire cards. This roller is generally called the "licker-in."
Figure 18 is a sectional representation of the feeding plates, in front of
which a toothed steel blade e, with small teeth, is affixed, as seen best in the
detached Figure 19. The teeth in the upper edge of this toothed steel blade
holds the filiaments of cotton, and only allows them to be drawn down through
the teeth of the blade e in separate fibres by the points of the wires or cards
in the licker-in, from which they are taken up by the main drum, and are
operated upon in proceeding through the carding engine in the usual way.
The cotton opened and prepared by my improved willow and blower above
described, is much to be preferred for carding than if prepared in the ordinary
kind of machinery; I, therefore, in my improved carding engine, prefer to use
flat-top cards or strippers instead of cylindrical rotary strippers. To avoid,
however, the inconvenience of producing irregular thicknesses of sliver, which
very commonly occurs, for cleaning the top card that is nearest to the feeding
apparatus, I employ an apparatus by which, while that top card is raised up
from its situation and cleaned, the whole series of top cards are at the same.

page_text: time moved ontwards, and the cleaned one replaced in its range nearest the
doffer. This mechanism is put into operation by gear connected to the
ordinary rotary parts of the engine, in the manner I am about to describe.
The large drum or carding cylinder, driven by a strap and pullies, is con-
structed and covered with wire cards in the ordinary way; the flat-top cards,
which are regulated by set screws in the usual manner, are placed in a seg-
mental range i, i, i, above the cylinder, by means of studs extending from
their ends, resting in notches in the rims or peripheries of two wheels, his lig
mounted loosely on bushes nearly concentric with the axis of the main drum.
These wheels or rims are held by palls, but are occasionally moved small
portions of a rotation by means of a click lever. The lower shaft g.
by which a whole row of carding engines is driven, carries a pulley, from
whence a belt passes to another pully on the shaft above; these
pullies and belts are shewn by blue lines in the elevation Figure 16.
At the end of the shaft ha pinion is fixed, taking into the wheel 1, (see
the horizontal view, Figure 17,) and at the reverse end of the shaft of this
wheel 1, there is a pinion which drives the wheel m fixed on the shaft of the
doffer cylinder n.
At the further end of the shaft of the doffer cylinder, a
pulley o (shewn by blue lines in Figure 16) is fixed, from whence a cross
strap passes to a pulley p, mounted upon a shaft at the feeding end of the
engine; the shaft of this pulley p carries two pinions, one of which takes into
and drives the wheel below, and they both take into the two wheels s, », above.
The wheel is fixed upon the shaft of the feeding roller d, the rotation of which
carries the material forward on the feeding plate c, and the wheels s, s, are
fixed at the outer ends of the shafts of crank levers t, t, by means of which
the top cards are intended to be shifted. Radial arms u, u, affixed to rings,
move loosely upon bushes fixed to the frames or standards at both ends of the
large drum, and are made to vibrate by the rotation of the crank levers t, t,
to which they are connected by rods », . Upon each of the radial arms u, a
sliding tube w is mounted, having a forked piece at its upper end, and which
forks are designed to take hold of the studs at the ends of the top cards i, for
the purpose of raising them up and carrying them along to be cleaned, as at j.
It will be perceived by Figure 10, that every other top.card carries inverted
cards a, x, x; these are made fast to the backs of the top cards by adjustable
screws, and have springs between to keep them up. The inverted cards
a, x, a, are designed to clear the top cards as they are carried over them
The tube w, with its forked end = sliding on the radial arm u, is held both in
its extended or contracted position by one of the small nibs 1 or 2 falling into
a notch in the spring catch y, the spring being attached to the radial arm by a

page_text: joint pin or pivot at 3. The crank levers t, t, as they revolve, move the
radial arms u to and fro by means of the rods v, and when the arms are
brought back toward the feeding end of the machine, a notch in the ring of
each arm u comes against a stud or stop set in the inside of the frame, as
shown by dots at 1. The arms being thus brought to their required
positions, and stopped with their forks directly opposite to the studs of that
top card which is intended to be removed, the further progress of the cranks
and rods and v will cause the tubes w to be slidden up their radial arms u,
the nibs 1 having been released from their spring catches by the horns 5,
which force the springs yon one side as the arms approached. The sliding of
the tubes w up the arms u cause their forked end to take hold of the studs
of that top card which is nearest to the feeding apparatus, and to raise it from
the rim or wheel into the position shewn in Figure 16 by red lines at 6.
The nibs 2 having by the sliding of the tubes w been drawn into the notches
of the spring catches y, the tubes with their forks are held firmly in their
extended positions. The rotary movements of the cranks t, t, now cause the
radial arms w and forks to carry the top card as j over the inverted cards
a, a, a, in the direction of the arrow; which cards x, x, a, are thereby made
to comb or brush all the fibres of cotton and waste out of the wires of the
travelling top card jas it passes. The arms u having brought the cleaned top
card j toward the doffer end of the machine, they are there stopped by
shoulders in the rings of the radial arms coming against the stop 4, and the
ends of the cleaned card being exactly over the notches in the periphery of the
wheels or risk, the spring catches y are forced against the projecting horns
7, which push them off their nibs 2, and the returning stroke of the cranks.
and rods v brings the sliding tubes down to their contracted positions, causing
the forks to deposit the cleaned top card j on the rim or wheel k at that part
which is nearest to the doffer. It must be here observed, that simultaneously
with the movements of the arms u, and top card j, in the direction of the
arrow, as described, the segmental series of top cards i, i, i, mounted on the
rims of the wheel &, is moved in the opposite direction, that is, towards the
feeding end of the machine; this is effected in the following manner:-Ateach
side of the machine a tail piece 8, extending from the ring of the radial
arm u, and nearly at right angles with the arm, carries an adjustable stud 9,
which acts against a trip lever 10. This trip lever works upon a pin set into
an arm at the end of a lever 11, which lever vibrates upon a fulcrum pin
ixed in the frame at 12. This lever 11 carries a click 13 at its outer end,
aking into the notches of the rims of the wheels k, k. As the radial arms.ų
nove towards the doffer, the studs 9 depress the strip levers 10, and, thereby

page_text: cause the opposite ends of the lever 11, with their clicks 13, to arise, when the
clicks acting in the notches of the rims of the wheels k, l,drive them forward
a small part of a revolution, and thus shift the situation of the segmental series
of top cards, making way for the cleaned card to be deposited upon the rins
k at that end of the range which is next to the doffer. The wheels h, k,
having been thus advanced, the clicks 13, with the levers 11, fall back by
their gravity, the wheels being prevented from retrogading by palls or clicks
14, and as the arins u return to fetch another top card, the studs 9 the
pass
trip levers 10, without acting upon the levers and clicks 11 and 13. Ifthetop
card, about to be cleaned, should be one of those having an inverted cleaning
card at its back, as shewn in red lines at 6, the inverted card will be
cleaned of its waste cotton by a brush 15 in the following manner :-On the
shaft of the main drum a pulley 16 is fixed, from whence a strap passes to a
pulley 17 on the shaft 18. This shaft also carries two pinions, which take
into the wheels 19, 19, mounted on studs in arms 20, extending from the
frame. These wheels 19 have each a crank pin set in their arms, connecting
the wheels 19 to the ends of the rods 21, 21, which carry the brushes 15 and
slide in the bushes 22, 22; hence, by the rotation of the crank wheels 19, the
rods 21 are made to perform such reciprocating movements as will draw the
brush 15 through the inverted card j, as it passes, and thereby remove the
cotton and dirt; and in order that the cotton may be prevented from adhering
to the brush 15, a comb is placed at 23, and after the brush has descended to
the situation shewn by red lines at 24, in rising it passes through the teeth of
the comb 23, and the brush becomes cleaned of the waste material, and in the
next stroke the brush passes downwards over the teeth of the comb, depresses
and cleans it, the waste material falling into a box 25 below, and the counter-
weight 26 is just heavy enough to bring the comb 23 into its former position.
As the brush 15 repeats the movement described several times before the
inverted top card is carried out of its reach, it is evident that none of the
waste material can remain in the inverted card.
Another method of cleaning the top cards is shewn in Sheet III., Figure 20
being a sectional elevation of the upper part of the carding cylinder and top
cards, with an endless chain conducting the top cards to the cleaning apparatus
at the feeding end of the engine, and depositing them again (after cleaning) in
the segmental range at the doffing end of the engine. Figure 21 is a horizon
tal or top view of the engine, with the cleaning apparatus; Figure 22 is a
side view of a portion of the endless chain carrying the top cards; Figure 25
is a plan or horizontal view of the same; and Figure 24 is a transverse section
of the chain carrying one of the cards. A segment of the large drum oi

page_text: carding clyinder as shewn at a, aya, iir Figure 20, and b, b, b, are the endless:
chains extended over spur wheels c, c; and d, d. The wheels care fixed upon
a transverse shaft, mounted in the frame, and driven by gear and a strap from
a pulley on the axle of the doffer cylinder, and the wheels d are mounted upon
adjustable studs fixed in the frame, as shewn by dots in Figure 20.
A seg-
mental series of top cards are placed, at e.1, e 2, and e 3, &c., above the
carding cylinder, having studs at their ends placed into the notches in the rims
of two wheels, as described in reference to. Sheet 2, and a rotary brush for
cleaning them is-mounted within a box at f, over the feeding end of the.
machine, the top cardse being conducted singly over the brush by the travelling-
of the chain b in the direction shewn by the arrows: After each card has.
been raised from the segmental range at the feeding end of the machine, and
cleaned, it is carried by the chain and deposited at the opposite end of the
range toward the doffer end of the machine, and is there made the agent for
pushing forward the whole range, and causing another top card, as e 14, to be
taken up and cleaned in like manner. Let it be supposed that one of the top
cards, as shewn in red lines at e 15, has been brought into that situation at.
the doffer. end of the machine by the rotation of the carrying chains, the
further progress of the chains will bring the edge of this card e 15. in contact
with the top card el. It will now be necessary to explain the means by which:
the chains are enabled to conduct the top cards over the brushes to be cleaned
and to deposit them again at the other end of the segmental range. To cor-
responding links in the chains on both sides I attach brass boxes h, Figure 22;
one of which brass boxes is shewn detached from the chain at A below, having:
one of its sides and top open. As the chains pass along, the upright backs of
the boxes h push against the studs at the ends of the top cards, and conduct
the cards forward in the direction of the arrow. Click levers (one of which is.
shewn detached at B below) are also appended to the chains as at i;. the end
of the lever is formed with an inclined plain, which hangs down by the side of
the brass box. Let it now be supposed that one of the top cards, as shewn in
red lines at e 15, has been brought into that situation by the travelling of the
chain, the further progress of the chain will bring the edge of the card e 15:
nto contact with the card e 1, and cause the whole range of top cards, with:
heir rim wheels, to be moved forward; as the chains conduct the cards e-15,
he inclined: plains of the click levers strike. against studs or pins of
teel set into the frame, as represented at k,in: Figures 20 and 22, which raises
he click levers and causes their backs or upper edges acting against the studs:
of the top card to lift it up, as shewn.by the red lines in Figure 22. The
arde 15 being thus raised from the chain, it pushes forward the whole.

page_text: segmental series, and now occupies the previous place of the card e 1. The
carde 13, at the other end of the segmental range, has by this movement been
passed on to two curved pieces or bearers g to the situation of e 14, where it
is taken by the chains, as before described, and carried over the rotary brush f
to be cleared from the waste material. The cleaned card is now conducted
by the chains and guided by the rings or flanges /,(cast on the sides of the spur
wheels ),to the rails m, m, which stand parallel to each other on the sides of
the machine, supported upon upright bearers, shewn at n, n, in Figure 20.
These rails m,m,are for the purpose of guiding the cleaned cards, in inverted
positions, as they are carried along toward the rims of the other spur wheels,
and round which they pass into the situation of the card e 15, as shewn in red,
where they are successively placed in the segmental range in the way already
described. The rotary brush driven by the strap of the main drum, revolves
in the direction of the arrow, and in so doing brushes the waste cotton out of
the card as it passes, and is itself cleaned by a lever combo. This lever comb
vibrates upon an axle or fulcrum pins at p, and is acted upon by levers and
rods r, connected together as shewn by dots in Figure 20. The levers q are
mounted upon fulcrum pins s fixed in the sides of the waste box, and their
ends are connected at to the rods 1, the lower ends of the rods being
connected to the tail levers n of the combo by a pin passed through a slot in
the box at . As the chains carry the click levers i, in the way above
described, over the rotary brushes, the tooth of the click acts upon and
depresses the lever q, which causes the rod r to raise the comb o into the
position shewn in the Figure, presenting its teeth to the tufts of the revolving
brushes, by means of which the waste material is effectually combed out of
the brushes, and when the clicks i have passed the levers q, the comb will be
allowed to fall into the position shewn by dots, the piece w, connected by a
spiral spring with the combo, having, as the comb descended, slidden along
its under suface and removed the waste cotton from its teeth.
2
Figure 25 represents a series of four carding engines, arranged with my
improved lapping apparatus in such a way as may be found to be desirable in
mills where the connection of eight or more carding engines with my common
lapping apparatus cannot be effected. Figure 26 is an end view or elevation
of the same.
Figure 27 represents a series of eight carding engines
connected with my improved lapping machine; and Figure 28 is an end
elevation of the same. The details of these improvements will be described
in reference to Sheets 4 and 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
In Sheet 4, Figure 29 is an elevation representing part of a drum or
carding cylinder of an ordinary engine, mounted in framework; a lapping

page_text: machine connected thereto, as shewn in section; and there is also a front
view of the drawing apparatus. Figure 30 is an elevation of the same,
taken at right angles to Figure 29, shewing the front view of the lapping
machine, with the conducting and drawing apparatus in section. Figure 31
is a horizontal or top view, shewing the lapping machine and the con.
ducting and drawing apparatus, as it would appear when connected with
the carding engine. a, a, a, a, the framework of the engine. 6, the large
drum of the carding engine and the doffer cylinder. A large pulley d, affixed
to the side of the main dram, is connected by a strap and pulley to the main
driving shaft e, from whence the power is communicated through the strap
which actuates the machine. This shaft, by similar means, also drives the
whole set of four carding engines. A pinion on the main shaft e takes into a
wheel f, and a pinion on the side of the wheel fcommunicates motion to the
shaft g with the pullies 7, and also to the lapping machine; and the pullies /
carry straps which actuate the doffer cylinders of the several carding engines.
The product of the first of the set of carding engines is delivered through a
spout i to the rollerk, by passing between itand the pressing roller l, and procceds
upwards over a tin plate conductor m between the drawing rollers n. The
products of the second, third, and fourth carding engines are carried by the
several straps 0, p, and q, and conducted over the tin plates m, in like
manner to the drawing rollers. From the drawing rollers two slivers of
cotton combined are passed through each of the spouts r, and between the
calender rollers s, s, from whence they proceed down to the traversing spoutst,t,
and through them, between the pressing roller u and lapping roller ", to the
bobbin w. The spouts t, t, are attached to a bush, sliding upon a square
horizontal bar a, and a tail piece, extending from the bush, carries a tooth or
stud which works in an oblique groove in the cylindrical rollery; and hence,
by the rotation of that roller, the spouts are made to traverse to and fro, and to
lap theslivers in oblique bands round the bobbins w. The ends of the bobbin w
run between two well polished cast-iron plates, which are connected at top
by a rod, and at bottom by a solid heavy block of metal as a weight. The
lower ends of these cast-iron plates work between beads 1,1, cast in the inner
sides of the frame or standard of the lapping machine, and are connected by
pins 2, passed through slots in the ends of lovers or treadles 3, by means of
which treadles the plates and bobbins may be lifted up by the foot of the
person attending the machine. As the laps of cotton accumulate upon the
bobbins, it is obvious that the plates,, will rise, and by the time that the
bobbin is full, the notch 4, in the lower part of the plate, will have arrived
L.car to the pin 5, set in the bent lever G. This lever is affixed to a fulcrum

page_text: pin or axle mounted in the frame at 7, and upon the same axle is also affixed
another bent lever S, shewn by dots in Figure 29, which lever carries tlie
wheel and a pinion q at its end, the pinion taking into the toothed wheel 10
upon the shaft g, that drives the doffing cylinder, the lapping machine, and
the drawing apparatus. When the bobbin is full, the attendant presses
down the treadle, and the pin 5 falling into the notch 4 of the plate,
the pinion 9 is thrown out of geer with the wheel 10, and consequently
the movements of the doffing cylinder, the lapping machine, and the drawing
apparatus, instantly stop, and also the feeding apparatus of the carding
engines, which are driven by the doffers; and the pinion 2 can only be thrown
into gear again with the wheel 10, so as to actuate the machinery by
removing the full bobbin and lowering the plates to their former situation.
The straps o, p, q, Figure 31, which conducts the slivers of roving from the
several carding engines, are supported in a wooden trough A, which trough is
extended along in front of the several carding engines B, B, B, B, as shewn
in Sheet 3, at Figure 25, leading the sliver to the drawing apparatus C, in
the said Figure, which drawing apparatus is to be supposed to have the lapping
machinery connected to it, and operating exactly in the way described in
reference to Figures 29, 30, and 31, of Sheet 4.
Figure 32 is a Plan representing the positions of parts of two ranges of
carding engines, twelve forming the whole series on each side. The product of
all these carding engines is conducted to a slubbing frame placed at one end
of the range, which is shown in elevation at Figure 33. A shaft carries two
fast and two loose pullies, in order that I may be enabled to a drive by a
double strap, which for heavy motions I prefer to a single one. The shaft
drives the train of wheels b, connected to the two lapping rollers c, c, and
through them, by pullies d, d, and a strap e, the other train of wheels fare
driven, which actuate the drawing rollers. The same shaft, by means of
mitre wheels g, g, also drives the shafts , h, which give motion simulta-
neously to the two ranges of carding engines. Parts of two of the engines only
of each range are shewn in the Figure, merely to give an idea of their posi-
tions, and small portions of the trough A belonging to each range are shewn,
with the straps 0, p. 9, conducting the sliver in the manner already explained.
The product of the first four carding engines on each side is deposited upon the
endless conducting straps 0, 0, which are distended over pullies, k, at the ends
of the troughs next the slubbing frame, and over a single pulley opposite to the
middle of the fourth carding engine on each side. In the same way the endless
straps P.P, are distended over the pulley &, over single pullies opposite to the
eighth carding engine, and the endless straps 7,4, in like manner are distended

page_text: over pullies k, k, & over single pullies opposite to the twelfth carding engine.
Four slivers from each conducting strap collectively pass through the respective
spouts i, i, i, to the drawing rollers, by which they are drawn from ten to fifteen
times, and from the rollers the drawn slivers pass into twisters 1, 1, 1, and are
lapped in the way described in reference to Sheets 5 and 6. The slubbing
frame may be placed in any convenient situation, in connection with a double
or single row of carding engines, and any number of rovings may be con-
ducted to the alubbing frame to be wound upon bobbins of any convenient
dimensions.
My improvements in machinery for slubbing are represented in Sheet 5.
Figure 34 is a front elevation of the slubbing machine, with a lapping
machine connected to it at one end. Figure 35 is a horizontal view.
Figure 36 is a side elevation, partly in section, taken transversedly through the
slubbing machine, looking toward the right-hand end; and Figure 37 isan end
elevation of the lapping machine, taken in the same direction as Figure 36,
the connecting shaft K and conducting strap and trough A being shewn in
section. Upon suitable standards and framework the roller beam A is fixed,
whereon the stands are mounted that support the drawing rollers b, b, b,
which rollers are driven by gear from the shaft of the pulley j. Brackets c,
affixed to the framework, carry the axles of two rollers d, d, which support
the laps of cotton c, e, e, formed by the lapping machine of the carding engine,
or the drawing frame, in the way described in reference to Sheet 4, and again
in Sheet 7. The rollers d, d, which support the laps of cotton, are made to
revolve by a spur pinion, on the end of the back drawing roller, which com-
municates through a shaft, 9, the lowerend of which shaft carries a pinion that:
actuates both rollers. The rotation of these rollers causes the laps of cotton c
bearing upon them, to be unwound, and these unwound bands of cotton pass
upwards, and over the guides h, to the drawing rollers 6; from thence the
bands proceed over tin plates i to the spouts le, le,, which conduct them
between the narrow pressing rollers 1, 2, 1, mounted upon the roller beam m.
The upper of these pressing rollers have flanges upon their edges for the
purpose of confining the fibres, aud a scraper n prevents the fibres from
lapping round them! These pressing rollers are driven by a train of wheels
communicating with the front drawing roller. The filiaments of cotton, which
I now call rovings, are passed from the rollers, in the direction of the dotted
lines, to the spouts or conical tubes o, through which they are drawn by the
endless strap g and the pressing rollers p,p,p,p, and conducted to the lapping
machine:
The construction and mode of adapting the conical tubes o and pressing

page_text: rollers p are shewn upon an enlarged scale in elevation and plan views,
Figures 38 and 39. . The endless strap q is distended over the two end rollers
r, r, the tightening rollers s, s, and the driving roller t. The shaft of this
roller t is mounted in brackets, as shewn in Figure 30, and driven by the
bevel wheel and pinion from the connecting shafts K. Thus the strap is
made to travel; and the several rovings delivered on to it by the several tubes
and rollers o and p (see Figure 35) are conducted in parallel lines towards the
lapping machine. On the edges of the wooden trough A, in front of the
lapping machine, two rollers u, u, are mounted in slots, which enable them to
turn by the friction of the travelling strap q. The rovings thus brought
forward by the strap under the rollers u, I propose to conduct three of them
round each of these rollers, and thence conduct them severally up to the
spouts u, v, and through these to the calender rollers w, w, from which the
rovings descend severally to the twisters a, x, . One of these twisters is
shewn upon an enlarged scale detached in the horizontal view, Figure 40, and
in sectional elevation, Figure 41. The twister is a revolving tube, through
which the roving passes, and is partially held by a spring clip at its delivery,
and the roving then passes beneath a pressing roller, mounted in forked
arms, and the lapping roller B, on to the bobbin C. The forked arms are
loosely attached by pins to a sliding frame D, in which the twisters x, a, a, are
mounted and revolve; and the forked arms are weighted, as shewn at E, for
the purpose of keeping the pressing rollers yin contact with the surface of the
lapping roller B. Upon each of the twisters a pulley F is affixed, against the
surface of which pullies an endless strap G passes, as shewn by dots in Figure
34. This endless strap G is distended over two pullies I and I, the latter of
which are driven by a toothed wheel upon its axis, connected by gear, through
the shaft K, to the main driving pulley j, before described. The lapping
rollers B are driven by toothed gear from the shaft K, and as they revolve
draw the royings through the twisters x, x, x, the rotation of which
produces a twist of the rovings, between the calender rollers and
the ends of the twisters, for the purpose of preventing the rovings lapping
round the calender rollers, and for the purpose of bringing the fibres
of cotton closer together before the rovings are confined by the pressing
rollers Y. At the points of the twisters the rovings are delivered in an un-
twisted state, and pass between the pressing rollers and the lapping roller B
and are wound on to the bobbin C by the friction of its contact with the
revolving rollers. In order to traverse the rovings, and cause them to wind
from end to end upon the bobbins C, the sliding frame D, in which the twisters
are mounted, receives a reciprocating motion by means of a mangle rack in

page_text: the box L, attached to the end of the sliding frame.D, which rack and frame
is attached by a mangle-pinion at the end of a tumbling shaft M, driven by a
bevel wheel and gear from a pinion at the endofthe bobbin shaft, and by this
contrivance the reciprocating motions of the twister frame is regulated in exact
accordance with the rotary speed of the bobbin C, the axle of which is weighted
for the purpose of giving solidity to the bobbin, which is more fully explained
at Figure 60 and 61, in Sheet 7. When the bobbin C has become full of
rovings, the attendant shifts the driving strap from the fast pulley to the loose
pulley, for the purpose of stopping the machine; then; by. placing the foot
upon the trendle N, see Figure 37, the frame o, in which the bobbin is hung,
is raised up, and may then be turned over upon its central axle P, when the
empty bobbin Q, which before stood inactive above, fails into the former.
situation of the bobbin C, ready to receive the rovings in the way above de-
scribed. The full bobbin'thus brought to the elevated position may be removed
from the machine, and an empty one introduced in its place, The set of
drawing rollers b, constructed in the manner shewn in Figure 35 and 36,
allow the cotton to be stretched from ten to twenty times, or even more. I
have, therefore, introduced an improvement in the doubling process; which
will prevent the necessity of a repetition of the drawing and lapping operation,
or the employment of an additional machine, which will be explained.in
reference to:Sheet 6, consisting of a mode of feeding the drawing rollers by
two, three, or more bobbins of lapped cotton..
In Sheet 6, other arrangements of lapping machinery are exhibited, which
are to be connected with the slubbing frame instead of the lapping frame
described in Sheet 5, or to the drawing frame, or to a row of carding engines.
Figure 42 is a front elevation of one construction of the lapping machine;
Figure 43 is an end elevation of the same. a the connecting shaft, which gives
motion to the lapping rollers B, B, supported upon the standards b, b, of the
frame; a bevel wheelc, fixed upon the shaft a, which is driven from the geering
of the slubbing frame, and takes into the pinion d on the shaft e. Upon this
shaft e two heart wheels or cams f and g, are affixed, their longest radii
standing at right angles to each other. Grooves are formed near the edges of
the inward surfaces of these heart wheels or cains, in which anti-friction rollers,
attached by studs to the levers. h andi, are intended to work. A shaft
mounted in bearings in the lower parts of the framework, forms the fulcrum
on which the levers h and i vibrate, the lever / being keyed to the shaft, and
the lever i turning loosely upon it. To.the upper ends of the levers h.and i,
rods or bars and m are attached by joints, the reverse ends of which rods are
connected by joints to snugs affixed to the backs of two horizontal rack.bars

page_text: 21 and 0. The rebated edges of the rack bars n and o bear upon standards
PP, P, as shewn in Fig. 44, which represents a section of these parts upon an
enlarged scale, taken in the same direction as Figure 43. In the standards
PPP, are mounted a series of hollow tubular twisters a, a, a, upon each of
which is aflixed a pinion ». The rack n acts upon the pinions of half the
twisters z, that is, upon every other one in the range, and the rack o upon the
pinions of the other half of the twisters.
The lapping frame, with its twisters and their operations, having been ex-
plained in reference to Sheet 5, I have only now to describe the peculiar
manner of actuating the twisters in this modification of my lapping machinery,
the rovings being conducted to the several twisters by an endless belt, in a
similar way to that described in reference to Sheet 5. The shaft a being
made to revolve, the heart wheels or cams fand g acting on the anti-friction
rollers in the levers h and i, cause those levers, and the rods and m, to work
the rack bars and o, which communicate reciprocating rotary movements to
the twisters x, and thereby twists the rovings alternately to the right and to
the left as they pass through the tubes x, and these twisted rovings being then
carried under the pressing rollers y, are kept tight upon the surface of the
roller B, and lapped upon the bobbin in the way before described, retaining
the twist when lapped.
Figure 45 represents a portion of the trough and strap, shewn horizontally,
which conducts the several lengths of roving from the slubbing frame, as
described before; and Figure 46 is an elevation of the same. g, g, g, are
levers, hung upon studs which are affixed to the trough. On the ends of
these levers pressing rollers r,, are mounted, and are made to revolve by
their friction against the surface of the traversing endless strap. The lengths
of roving are respectively brought under one of the rollers r, and are thence
carried upwards over guides s, s, from whence they pass horizontally, asshewn
by dots in Figure 45, to the interior of the twisting tubes a, a, x.
Figure 47 is a front elevation of part of a lapping machine, with twisting
tubes mounted as in Figure 42; but in this machine, instead of giving the
reciprocating rotary motions to the twisting tubes by racks and pinions, I
actuate them by a pulley on each twisting tube and reciprocating cords or bands.
Two cords or bands, shewn at u, u, are severally carried round the pulley of
every other twister x, and being distended over the carrier pullies t, t, their
ends are made fast to the bushes v, which slide upon the bars w, and the
reciprocating motions of the rods and m, and the levers haud i, is performed
by rotary heart wheels, in the manner already described in reference to
Figure 42.

page_text: Figure 48 is a transverse section of part of the lapping machine shewn at
Figure 47, in which the positions of the twisting tubes x, leading the rovings
to the pressing rollers Y and lapping rollers B, is shewn, with the pullies by
which the cords or bands u actuate the twisters and the bars wo, w, on which
the bushes v slide. If it should be thought desirable to give twist in one
direction to greater lengths of roving between the alternations of the twisters
than could be effected in the former machine, Ishould obtain the reciprocating
movements of the twisting bands or cords u, u, by means of pinions and mangle
wheels, instead of the heart wheels and levers above described. To effect this,
I construct a machine, as shewn in front elevation at Figure 49, end elevation
in Figure 50, and horizontal or top view at Figure 51. a is the driving shaft
connected with the slubbing frame, drawing frame, or set of carding engines,
which turns the lapping rollers B, B. This shaft carries a bevil wheel c,
taking into a pinion d on one of the socket shafts e, e, which socket shafts are
inade to revolve together by a pair of toothed wheels. The end of two tumbling
shafts and g are inserted into the sockets of the shafts e, e, and the reverse
ends of these tumbling shafts have pinions, which severally take into the
circular racks in one of the mangle wheels h or i. The larger mangle wheel h
is attached to a spur wheel /, both of which turn loosely upon the shaft l, and
this spur wheel drives a pinion m, made fast to a pulley n, from whence one
of the bands pass which actuate one half of the series of twisting tubes x, x, x.
The smaller mangle wheel i is made fast on the shaft 2, and a spur wheel o,
also fast to that shaft, takes into a pinion p affixed to the pulley g, which
carries the band that actuates the other half of the series of twisting tubes.
It must be here remarked that the two mangle wheels must be so placed in
reference to each other that when the pinion of one tumbling shaft is turning
round the extreme end of the rack of its mangle wheel, the pinion of the other
tumbling shaft shall be in the middle of the rack of the other mangle wheel.
In describing the slubbing frame in Sheet 5, I represented that the machine
was fed by one row of lapped bobbins. I now proceed to explain a mode of
feeding with three rows of lapped bobbins.
Figure 52 is a sectional elevation of a feeding apparatus supposed to be
connected to a slubbing frame; and Figure 58 is a horizontal view of the
same. a, a, a, a, are the unlapping rollers, upon which three rows of lapped
bobbins b, b, b, are placed. This machine is driven by an oblique shaft c, and
connected above to the back drawing roller of the slubbing frame, and to the
lower end of this shaft a bevil wheel d is affixed, which is connected with a
train of wheels, as shewn at Figure 53, that drive the unlapping rollers.
Figure 54 is a sectional elevation of another feeding apparatus, supposed to

page_text: be connected to a drawing frame, in which three unlapping rollers a, a, a, carry
two rows of lapped bobbins, and are driven by the gear shewn in the hori
zontal view at Figure 55.
Sheet 7 represents several views of improved lapping machines. Figure 56
is a longitudinal elevation, taken in section through the middle of the
machine. a is the trough and endless straps, which conduct the slivers from
a series of carding engines placed in a single row.
This endless strap is
carried over the roller b in the way before described. The slivers proceed from
the endless strap, and collectively pass over a spout and into the system of
drawing rollers d, where they are stretched about from one to two, either
more or less. These drawing rollers supersede the use of the drawing boxes
commonly attached to thedoffer ends of the carding engines. From this system
of drawing rollers the lap proceeds through the calendar rollers e, e, which
are weighted to increase the pressure, and from there to the lapping rollers,
and is by their rotation wound upon the bobbin in the manner before
explained. This machine is actuated from the shaft h by a train of wheels in
connection with the several axles. When the bobbin y is full it is to be
raised from the lapping rollers by the foot of the attendant pressing upon the
treadle i, which lifts the plates, and allows the empty bobbin 7 to be placed
in the situation of the full onein the waydescribed before. The eccentrics m, m,
are for the purpose of raising the weights n and o when the top rollers are to
be removed.
9
Figure 57 is a longitudinal elevation, taken in section, of another modifica
tion of the lapping machine applied to the drawing frame of my former Patent.
Figure 58 is a front elevation of the lapping machine, and Figure 59 is a
horizontal view of the same, as seen from above. a, a, is the trough conduct-
ing two straps and c, which bring the rovings from the drawing frame
divided into two equal portions, each portion of the rovings collectively pro
ceeding over the spouts d, d, through the drawing rollers e, and calendar
rollers, in two bands towards the lapping rollers. Two conducting tubes g. 9,
are affixed to bushes h, h, which slide to and fro on the bar i, for the purpose
of guiding the bands as they are lapping round the bobbin. These bands of
rovings proceed as before from the conducting tubes y, y, under the pressing
roller, and over the lapping roller 1, by the rotation of which they are wound
round the bobbin m. A pinion n, at the end of the axle of the bobbin, as it
revolves takes into a toothed wheel o fixed upon a short axle which rises
according to the increasing diameter of the bobbin m. These parts are best
seen in Figure 60 and 61, which represent a portion of the standard or frame
detached in front and side views. The side frame or standard is partially

page_text: shewn at, and y is a stud fixed in the side of the frame on which a wheel
and pinion to, connected together, turn loosely. Upon the elongated end of
the stud ya tube v works, in the end of which a socket is formed for carrying
the end of a tumbling shaft u. Rods t, t, on each side of the machine, are
connected by a tension shaft to the polished plates 8, 8, between which the
bobbin revolves. The lower ends of these rods are weighted to keep the
bobbin pressed down against the lapping rollers. A stud r fixed into the
rod t carries a lever q, the upper part of which is formed as a tube or cylin.
drical bush. Through this cylindrical bush the axle of the wheel o passes,
and has a pinion at its end, shewn in red in Figure 60, which pinion takes
into and drives the wheel a and the bevil pinion w. As the bobbin increases
in diameter it necessarily raises the tension shaft to which the rods t, t, are
connected; and as the stud on which the lever 9 works is fixed in one of the
rods, it causes the bush of the lever q to slide in the radial slots in the rod t
and standard 2, and thus keeps the pinions regularly in gear in whatever
position the bobbin may be as shewn in Figure 60. The tumbling shaft n, see
Figures 57, 58, and 59, carries a bevil wheel near its end, which is driven by
the rotation of the pinion w; the reverse end of the tumbling shaft has a
mangle pinion which takes into the mangle wheel p, turning in a stationary
tube fixed on the standard of the machine. The end of the axle of the mangle
wheel has a pinion which takes into a rack on the bar that connects the two
bushes h, h, of the conducting tubes z, z, sliding on the bar i; hence, by the
rotation of the mangle wheel p the tubes, 5, are made to traverse to and fro,
and to guide the bands of rovings so that they may wind upon the bobbin side
by side, and to cover it from end to end.
2'
Sheet 8 exhibits in several views the parts of my improved roving frame.
Figure 62 is a sectional elevation of the machine, with the unlapping appa-
ratus connected thereto by which the machine is fed, the apparatus for giving
twist to the rovings before they are drawn, and also the apparatus by which
the rovings, after being drawn, are lapped upon a bobbin in a compact state.
Figure 63 is a horizontal representation of the machine as it would appear
when viewed from above. It will be remembered that in explaining the mode
of partially twisting short lengths of the rovings to the right and to the left
alternately, by reciprocating twisting tubes, in the lapping machine, Sheet 6,
that the rovings were lapped upon the bobbin in the twisted state, in which
hey passed between the pressing and lapping rollers; two of these bobbins of
lapped rovings so prepared I place in the machine at as a, a, Figures
52 and 63, the laps bearing upon the periphery of the roller b, and the
ends of their axles running against the edges of the frame, which confine

page_text: them in their proper positions. By the rotation of the roller b, which is driven
by an oblique shaft and pinion from the back drawing roller, the bobbins a
are turned, and the rovings thus unlapped are conducted, as shewn by dotted
lines in Figure 62, over a guide roller e above, which roller is turned by a
strap from a pulley on the roller with a corresponding speed; hence the
rovings are severally passed to the twisting tubes d, d, d, see Figure 63.
Now it must be obvious that as the rovings pass to the twisting tubes d, d,
with some degree of tension, the alternate twist that has been put in during
the process of lapping, occupying a shorter space than that between the guide
roller c and the twisters d, will be drawn out; I therefore slightly twist them
again as they pass through the tubes d, for the purpose of keeping the fibres
closely together whilst they are proceeding through the drawing rollers, and
so producing a smoother and better yarn. From the drawing rollers, the rov-
ings pass on, as shewn by dots, to another series of twisting tubes e, e, e
which may be driven by any of the methods described in Sheets 5 and 6;
they then proceed upon an endless belty, g, g. to the bobbin h. This endless
belt g is distended over the carrier roller i and the guide roller, mounted in
brackets cast to the conducting plate, and after embracing the bobbin
proceeds over the driving roller and the weight roller m. The weight
roller mis mounted in the ends of two levers 7, which levers are fixed
upon a shaft o. The ends of the axle cf the roller 7 has a toothed wheel p
which is connected by a train of wheels with the front drawing roller.
The ends of the axle of the weight roller m hang in forks at the ends
of the levers, which levers are fixed to a fulcrum shaft in the stan-
dards, and by which the weight roller is kept in a perfectly horizontal
position. It is allowed to rise and fall by the ends of its axle working in per-
pendicular groves in the side frames of the machine. The rovings severally
passed from the twisters e, e, e, under the press rollers in the weighted
arms are, by the travelling of the endless belt g, carried forward over
the guide roller R, and thence proceed downward to the bobbin, which is
turned by its contact with the belt g, and in turning causes the rovings to be
lapped round it in a compact state by the pressure or tension of the belt.
The ends of the axle of the bobbin act against inclined planes fixed to the
frames, and the axle is kept at all times bearing against these inclined planes
by revolving in forks at the upper ends of arms t, connected to weighted
levers u. As the rovings accumulate round the bobbin its increasing diameter
causes the weight roller m to be lifted, still preserving a uniform tension of
the belt; and when the bobbin is sufficiently full a slide bolt y is withdran
from holding the lever n, and drawing roller 1, by turning a small handle q

page_text: with an eccentric, which catch and bolt is shewn detached upon a largerscale
at Figure 75. The lever is thrown back to a stop by a winch and pinion s,s,
acting on a segment rack affixed to the shaft o, which opens the way for the
full bobbin to be withdrawn. After this has been done an empty bobbin may
be placed in the same situation upon the endless belt, and the driving roller
being again brought into the situation shewn in Figure 62, the wheelpisthen
in gear, and the lapping off a further supply of rovings upon the empty bobbin
is effected in the way described.
The twisters d, d, are represented at their full size at Figure 64, which is
a longitudinal section, and Figure 65 an end view. Their construction is
nearly similar to the twisters described in the lapping machines of the slub-
bing frame, being a hollow tube, a spring clip at the delivering end of each,
and a pinion on the outside. The mechanism by which these twisting tubes d
receive their reciprocating motions is shewn in the detached Figures 66, 67,
68, and 69, drawn upon an enlarged scale.
Figure 66 is a front view of apulley and mangle wheel shewn at w,in Figure 63
a transverse section of which is shewn in Figure 67. A back view of the
pulley and the cap fixed upon its stud is represented at Figure 68, and at
Figure 69 a transverse section of the same is shewn, A stud 1 is fixed in
brackets attached to the roller beam on which the mangle wheel 2 turns
loosely. The pulley 3 also turns loosely upon the stud independently of the
mangle wheel. To the pulley 3 a toothed rim and flange 4 is affixed, which
takes into a rack 5, moving in a guide box fixed to the frame. To the end
of the rack 5 there is fixed another rack which takes into the pinions on
At the end of the stud 1 the
the twisting tubes d, as shewn in Figure 66.
cap 7 is affixed, which holds the pulley and the mangle wheel upon the stud.
A tumbling shaft y (see Figures 62 and 63) carries a pinion 8 (see Fig. 66),
which acts in the rack of the mangle wheel 2. The reverse end of which
tumbling shaft is made square and inserted into a socket at the end of
a shaft yx, which is driven by gear from the frout drawing roller, as
shewn in Figure 63. The mangle wheel 2 and the pulley 3 are locked
together by a pin 10x which passes through the pulley, and is forced by
a spring 9 into one of the two holes in the disc of the mangle wheel 2.
As the mangle wheel 2 turns with a reciprocating rotary movement, the
toothed rim 4 fixed upon the pulley 3, and locked by the pin 10x to the
mangle wheel 2, receives the same movement, and thereby traverses the racks
and 6 to and fro, and communicates the reciprocating rotary movements to
the twisters. The outer end of the locking pin 10* has a short projecting
arm 10 extending over the edge of the cap.7, which arm, as the pulley and

page_text: mangle wheel revolve, is passed over a cam or elevation 11 with bevelled ends
fixed at the back ofthe stationary cap 7, and in so passing the arm is raised and
the end of the pindrawn out of the hole in the mangle wheel,which disengages
it from the pulley 3. This disengagement allows the pulley 8 to turn indepen-
dently of the mangle wheel 2 upon the stud 1. which it is made to do by a
weighted strap 12 attached to the periphery of the pulley by a link, and par-
tially lapped upon it. This weighted strap is seen at Figure 62, and in another
position in the detached view, Figure 70. The weighted strap draws the
pulley quickly round part of a rotation, which movement of the pulley being
communicated by the toothed rim 4 to the racks 5 and 6 and the twisting
tubes d, d, d, they are made to revolve and give an instantaneous additional
twist to the rovings themoment before they change their motion, and thereby
compensate for that space which remains untwisted between the reverse move.
ments of the twisters. This disengagement of the pulley from the mangle
wheel is, however, but for a moment, for when the arm 10 slips off the
inclined elevation 11, the spring 9 forces the pin inward, and it falls into the
other hole in the mangle wheel and locks them together as before. The
second row of twisting tubes e, e, e, drawn on an enlarged scale in the sec-
tional view, Figure 71, horizontal view, Figure 72, and end view, Figure 73,
have pullies in place of the pinions of the first row of twisters d,d, and are here
made to revolve continually in one direction, for the purpose of giving a certain
degree of twist to the rovings between the drawing rollers and the twisters e,
in order to make the rovings a little more compact before they are wound
upon the bobbin h. This is effected by a travelling endless strap, passed
round the driving pulley A, fixed to the end of a latteral shaft B, which is
actuated by gear, as shewn at Figure 63. This strap is carried under and
over the pullies of the several twisters for the purpose of driving them by
friction, as represented by the partial front view, Figure 74, and the strap
is distended over the guide pulley C at the opposite end of the frame
to the driving pulley. In order to traverse the rovings delivered from the
twisting tubes e, e, e, and cause them to wind side by side, and cover the
bobbin from end to end, I give a reciprocating lateral movement to the frame
D, in which the twisting tubes are mounted; this will be understood by reference
to the partial front view, Figure 74, and partial end view, Figure 75. The frame
is supported and slides in the dovetailed groves H in the side standards, and it
has a short rack 13 fixed under it, which is acted upon by a pinion 14 turning
upon a stud mounted in a bracket extending from the side standard. Affixed
to this pinion 14 is a toothed wheel 15, which is driven by a pinion attached
to the back of the mangle wheel E. This mangle wheel is acted upon by a

page_text: tumbling shaft F, the reverse end of which shaft carries a bevel wheel G,and
this bevel wheel is connected by a train of wheels with the pinion on the end
of the axle of the bobbin. It will bence bè perceived that as the bobbin
revolves the tumbler shaft F will be made to drive the mangle wheel E, and
that by means of the pinion and rack described, the mangle wheel will give
those reciprocating latteral movements to the frame D, which will cause the
rovings to wind on uniformly side by side.
Another mode of giving the twist before the rovings enter the drawing
rollers is shewn at Figure 77. d, d, d, are the twisters, with pinions
fixed upon them; b is the sliding rack taken into these pinions, and turn-
ing them as it slides. To the under side of the twister frame D* a
cylindrical roller is appended by arms supporting its axle. This roller
has a heliacal groove a, a, a, which passes several times round it, extend-
ing from end to end, and returns in the same obliquity in the opposite
direction, having two longitudinal cuts b, b, forming a communication
between the two ends of the coils of the grooves a, a; in this heliacal groove
a T-headed stud c works, which is inserted in a socket affixed to the back of
the rack shewn in the detached Figure 78. The grooved roller z is made to
revolve by gearing attached to its axle communicating with the shaft B, see
Figure 63. As this roller z revolves, the stud acting in its heliacal groove is
carried along, and with it the rack 6, which communicates rotary notiontorhe
twisters; when the stud c has arrived at d, the extreme end of the coil, and
entered the longitudinal cut b,a weighted strap, partly lapped upon a roller Y,
attached to the rack 6, causes the stud to slide suddenly back in the longitu-
dinal cut b, and by that means to give a quick additional rotary motion to the
twisters, for the purpose above explained. The roller = continuing to revolve,
the stud c now passes into the returning groove, and proceeds until it arrives
at e, the opposite extremity of the groove, when the weighted strap being now
partially lapped upon the other roller X, will in a similar way draw the stud
along the longitudinal cut at that end of the roller. To prevent the T-headed
studcfrom turning completely round when passing into the longitudinal cut,
the socket at the back of the rack is furnished with shoulders, as seen in the
plan viewed at Figure 78.
Sheet 9 represents another modification of my improvements on roving
frames, Figure 79 representing a front elevation of the machine, the feeding
apparatus being removed to shew the remainder more distinctly. Figure SO
is an end view of the same, partly in section; and Figure 81 an horizontal or
top view of such a machiue, supposed to be calculated to hold one winding
bobbin only. The object of this modification of the roving frame is to make

page_text: laps of roving with conical ends suited to the mule, throstle, or other spinning
machinery. The bobbin of rovings prepared in the lapping machine, Sheet 5,
are to be placed in this roving frame at A, bearing upon the unwinding roller
From the
B, mounted on the beam affixed to the side standards in front.
lapped bobbin A the several ends of rovings proceed upwards, and passing
over the guide rail D, and thence through the twisters E, and the drawing
rollers F, in the way described in reference to Sheet 8, the rovings then,
descend from the drawing rollers through the upright, revolving, twisting tubes
G,and having been twisted in their progress, are then lapped upon the bobbin
H, which is made to revolve by the friction of the two lapping rollers I, J.
The drawing rollers F are actuated by gear from a shaft a connected to the
first mover, and from the back drawingroller an obliqueshaft descends, which
drives the unwinding roller B. On the driving shaft a there is a bevil wheel
taking into a corresponding wheel on an oblique shaft J, which is connected at
its lower end with gear that drives the lapping roller I, I. An endless baud
b, b, b, is distended over the large driving pulley on the shaft a, over the
guide pullies d, d, and e, e,e,e, the latter of which revolving on studs fixed to
the frame, which baud is also carried round the pullies 4.9.99, on the
upright twisting tubes G,G,G,G,hence, by the movement of this endless band,
the twisting pullies are made to revolve. The rovings passed through these
twisting tubes are delivered from the lower ends of the tabes, through a long
slot in the pressing bar K, to the winding-on bobbin H, which is held down by
the weighted rods L, L, suspended to its axle for the purpose of giving solidity
to the rovings lapped upon the bobbin. The twisting and winding-on opera-
tions will be best understood by reference to Figure 82, which shews one of
the twisting tubes G in elevation on an enlarged view, with the forked arm k,
in which it works, connected with the stud i to the lever frame h, carrying the
pressing bar, which, with the bobbin H and the lapping roller I, I, arc
shewn in section. Figure 83 is a top or horizontal view of this part of the
apparatus, exhibiting two of the forked arins k. The rovings being thus
lapped round the bobbins H by the rotation of the rollers I, I, they are made
to wind side by side by traversing the twisting tubes G to and fro, which is
effected by reciprocating lateral movements given to the plate M, sliding in
dovetail guides fixed to brackets extending from the framework. Upon this
sliding plate M, a shaft N is mounted in bearings, which shaft carries the
arms of the lever frames h, h, to the front ends of which the pressing bar K
is affixed. The traversing of the plate M for guiding the rovings side by side
on the bobbin is effected by the following train of mechanism actuated by a
pinion, at the end of the axle of the winding-on bobbin.

page_text: Figure 84 (see Sheet 7) is an end view of the winding-on bobbin If, and part
of the train of mechanism last alluded to. Figure 85isaside view of the same. lis
a pinion at the end of the bobbin taking into the train of wheels and pinions
represented in Figure 85, and by pitch lines only in Figure 84. This train
actuates a perpendicular shaft in, see Figure 80, the lower end of which has
a bevel wheel taking into a pinion on the shaft of a conical pulley n. This
pulley is by a strap o connected to a similar conical pulley p in a reversed
position, upon the axle of which there is a pinion taking into a wheel g.
These conical pullies and pare mounted on brackets fixed to the frame, and
are shewn with their appendages upon an enlarged scale in the detached
horizontal view, Figure 86, and in elevation at Figure 87. The wheel q is
affixed to a shaft r turning in a bush at the top of an arm from the bracket
which supports the cones; the end of this shaftr is formed with a squaresocket
into which a tumbling shaft s is inserted, and the reserved end of this
tumbling shaft has a pinion which takes into a mangle rack. This mangle
rack is formed into a sliding plate O, shewn in the front elevation, Figure 79,
and side view, Figure 80, works in dovetailed grooves affixed to the frame,
which sliding plate is for the purpose of giving reciprocating movements to
the frames that carry the upright twisters G, through the intervention of a
lever P vibrating upon a stud a fixed in the end standard of the machine..
Figures 88 and 89 are enlarged views of the lever P and its appendages,
shewn in elevation in two positions. The lower end of this lever P is
connected to the plate of the mangle rack O by a pin placed in a slot of the
said plate, which pin extends from a screw box t sliding upon the lever P.
The reverse end of this lever is connected by joints and a link v to the end of
the sliding plate M, which carries the frame h of the twisters G, as described
above; hence, by the reciprocating movements of the lever P, the plate with
the twisters is made to traverse to and fro, and causes the roving to be wound
upon the bobbins H side by side, thereby covering them from end to end.
As the bobbins are required to be made with conical ends, I now proceed
to explain the means by which the twisting tubes G are severally brought
closer together, for the purpose of contracting the space over which the rovings
are delivered upon the bobbin. By reference to Figure 83 it will be seen
that the shaft N, carrying the frame h, to which the forked arms k, k, with the
twisters G, are connected, has portions of screws 1, 2, 3, and 4 fixed upon it.
These screws severally take into a segment rack formed at the back end of
each of the arms l, k, l, k, best explained in Figure 81 and 83. The screws
1 and 4 are made with coarse threads, the screws 2 and 3 with fine threads,
in order that the rotation of the shaft N may give different movements to the

page_text: arms k. It must also be observed that 1 and 2 are right-hand screws, 3 and 4
left-hand screws; hence it will be seen that the rotation of the shaft N will
cause those ends of the arms & which carry the twisters to be brought closer
together. At the commencement of the winding on, the arms k, k, k, k, all
stand parallel, the position of the twisters being then at their greatest distance
apart, which will cause the two outer twisters to deliver their rovings to the
extreme end of the bobbin; but as the winding on proceeds, the twisters
being gradually brought closer together, the two end twisters are not enabled
to deliver their rovings to the extreme ends of the bobbins, and, consequently,
in the progress of winding its extreme ends are formed as cones.. The mode
of giving rotary motion to the shaft N (to effect this object) is by means of a
bevel wheel, at the end of the shaft N, taking into a pinion at the upper end
At the
of a small shaft *, mounted in bearings fixed to the end standard.
lower end of this small shaft v* another bevel pinion takes into a corresponding
pinion w, turning round loosely upon the stud on which the lever l' vibrates.
Attached to the back of this pinion w is a ratchet wheel, acted upon by a
As the lever
click, pendant from the lever P (see Figures 88 and 89).
vibrates, this click acts upon the ratchet wheel, and drives it and the pinion w
round upon its stud, which movement consequently gives the same portion of
a revolution to the shaft v*, and the pinion at the top of this shaft is thereby
made to drive with a slow rotary movement the bevel wheel on the shaft N, by
which the screws 1, 2, 3, and 4 shift the position of the twisters, as above
explained.
In commencing the winding of the rovings upon the bobbin, the in which
connects the vibrating lever P with the sliding plate of the mangle rack O is at
the top of the slot in the plate O, and consequently the driven end of the lever
being then placed nearest to the centre of oscillation, the upper end of the lever
now gives the longest stroke, and thereby slides the plate M, which traverses the
twisters the greatest distance; but as the ratchet wheel and pinion ware
driyen round, this pinion, acting in a similar pinion fixed at the upper end of a
small shaft y mounted in the lever P, the screw at the lower part of the shaft y
acting upon the screw box t, causes it to be gradually moved toward the lower
end of the shaft y, which carries the connecting pin lower down in the slot of
the mangle rack plate O, and thus shifting the point of connection further
from the fulcrum of the lever, shortens the length of the stroke at the upper
end, and also the movement of the reciprocating plate M. As it will now be
perceived that the extent along the bobbin over which the rovings are wound
is contracted by forming the conical ends, it will be necessary to expedite the
reciprocating movement of the mangle rack plate O, in order to prevent the

page_text: rovings crowding or winding over each other. This required acceleration is
obtained by sliding the strap o from the smaller diameter of the driving conen
to its largest diameter, thereby increasing the speed of the cone 2, which, by
the gearing and through the tumbler shaft, actuates the mangle rack plate O
in the way described before. The sliding of the strap is effected by a fork
extending from a travelling nut, worked by the screw by the side of the
cones. To the end of this screw a ratchet wheel is affixed, which is acted upon
by a click pendant from the mangle rack plate O, the reciprocating slide
movements of which cause the click at each stroke to drive the ratchet wheel
one tooth, and thus to give that slow rotary motion to the screw by which
the strap is made to slide along the cones.
The bobbins H, H, having become full of rovings, they may be removed by
lifting the weighted rods L, L,which will release their axles from the hooks in
these rods, shewn in Figures 84 and 85, Sheet 7, by which the axles were
confined. This raising of the rods L is effected by the following means:→
R is a long shaft extending in front of the roving frame, see Figure 79.
Upon this shaft tubes S, S, turn freely, and arms T, T, extending from the
tubes S, S, are connected by joints and links to the lower ends of the rods L, L.
These rods being kept down by weights V,V, it is only necessary to depress
the handle W affixed to the end of the shaft R, when the pins inserted
into the shaft, and acting in transverse slots cut in the tubes S, will, by
pressing against the ends of the slots, turn the tubes S round, and thereby lift
the arms, which will raise the weighted rods L, L, and so release all the
bobbins; but if any one of the bobbins should be required to be removed
separately, the handles W., affixed to the tubes S,on being depressed will turn
that tube upon the shaft R, and so cause its arms T to lift the rods L, L,
connected with that one particular bobbin, and thereby release it.
A method of feeding mules, throstles, and other descriptions of spinning
machines with rovings prepared in the above frames, is exhibited in the top or
horizontal view, Figure 90,in elevation at Figure 91,and in transverse sectional
elevation at Figure 92. a, a, is an endless feeding cloth,instead of the common
creels, extended over a table and roller, which are driven slowly by a train of
wheels from the back fluted roller of a throstle ormule. b,b,b,are several bobbins
and rovings prepared as above, which bear upon and are turned by the friction
of the endless feeding cloth a for the purposes of unwinding the rovings. c,c,c,
are diagonal rails extending across the feeding cloth, having hooks or eyes set in
them for the purpose of conducting the several rovings from the bobbins to the
wisters d, d, d. These twisters are of small dimensions, but are constructed
and actuated by any of the methods before described in reference to Figures

page_text: 66 and 67, Sheet 8, for the purpose of giving a sliglit degree of twist to the
rovings previously to their entering the drawing rollers e, e,e. Instead of the
endless feeding cloth,the bobbins may be made to revolve by a series of friction
rollers f f f (driven by a band) upon which rollers they bear their axles,
turning in slots in the side rails, as represented in the elevational Figure 93.
In the Drawings accompanying this my Specification, I have exhibited and
described many parts of machinery for preparing and spinning cotton and
other fibrous materials which are known, and have been heretofore employed
for similar purposes; I desire it therefore to be understood that I do not
intend to claim such parts of machinery in their general application, but I
do claim them in certain combinations and adaptations to the purposes con-
templated in my improved arrangement of machinery for preparing and
spinning as above described :—
First, in reference to the willow or machine for opening cotton and other
fibrous materials, as exhibited in Sheet 1, I claim particularly the feeding
plate c, over which the material is conducted forward; the rows of teeth e,and
the fet ding roller d in connection therewith; the series of teeth g.g.g, cast on
to a plate of iron, and attached to the opening drum.
I also claim the feeding plate c of the blowing machine, the comb or
steel blade with a series of teeth e, and the feeding roller d in combination
therewith.
In the carding engine, represented in Sheet 2, I claim the adaptation of a
feeding plate c, as above, the comb or row of teeth e, when attached to the
same, and the feeding roller d connected therewith.
In reference to the apparatus for cleaning the top cards of a carding engine,
I claim the mode of working them by gear in connection with the feeding
apparatus, as represented and described at Figures 16 and 17.
Also the
inverted cards a, as cleaners, mounted on the backs of the top cards in the
way shewn; the spring catchy on the side of the carrying arms, and the horns
and 7, by which the spring catch is shifted; the peculiar mode of working
the lever and click which move the rins forward that support the top
cards, as exhibited in Figure 16; and the apparatus for working the brush 15,
by which the inverted cards a are cleaned, with the comb 23, for cleaning the
brush.
I also claim the other method of cleaning the top cards by means of an
endless carrying chain and other apparatus, as exhibited in Sheet 3.
In reference to the lapping machine, in connection with a single or double
series of carding engines which conduct, the several slivers to a drawing and
lapping apparatus, I claim the adaptation of the two shafts e and g, Figures

page_text: 29 and 30, in Sheet 4, for driving the whole series of carding cylinders and
the whole series of doffer cylinders, by distinct rotary movements, through the
agency of the gear there shewn, or by any other mechanism which shall afford
the means of stopping and starting the feeding and doffing parts of the engine
without suspending the rotary action of the main drums, and which is also seen
at Figures 25 and 26 in Sheet 3.
I claim likewise the mode of conducting the slivers of the carding engines
to the endless belts by passing them from the under parts through spouts i,
between the press rollers and the carrying pullies k, as shewn in Figure 30.
I claim also the construction of the lapping machine shewn at Figure 29,
and the manner of connecting it with the drawing frame, as shewnin tnesame
Figure, and in Figures 30 and 31.
I further claim the connection of my improved slubbing frame to a series of
carding engines, as shewn in Figures 32 and 33.
In Sheet 5 I have shewn a slubbing frame in connection with a lapping
machine.
In my former Patent I described a slubbing frame in connection with a
lapping machine, but in that case I combined them in a different way; I
now connect the lapping machine in a transverse position to the former, and
bring the rovings in lateral directions, and after guiding them through con-
ductors and twisting tubes, I lap them on the bobbins at right angles to
the direction in which they were conducted from the slubbing frame, the
arrangement and connection of which machine I now claim as a useful im-
provement.
In this arrangement I also claim the employment of a series of twisting
tubes for the purpose of giving tenacity to the fibres of the several lengths of
rovings previously to winding them upon a bobbin, and also the mechanism by
which the twisting tubes are traversed to and fro, in order to lay the rovings
uniformly side by side upon the bobbin.
And I claim the pressing rollers mounted in forked arms, which are weighted,
and act immediately in front of the twisters.
I likewise claim the arms o that the bobbins arc mounted in, connected
by a central shaft P, the end of which turns in the rods, for the purpose of
changing the bobbins.
And I claim the press rollers p, and the guides o, shewn at Figure 3S
and 39, Sheet 5, also at r, r, in Figures 15 and 46, Sheet 6, and which I like-
wise apply to the troughs of the carding engines and of the drawing frames.
In Sheet 6 I claim the mode shewn at Figures 42, 43, and 44, of giving
reciprocating rotary movements to the twisting tubes x, x, x, by means of

page_text: heart cams and g, through the levers and rods h, i, l, m, and racks n and o,
or by bands or cords attached to bushes v, sliding on bars w, as shewn at
Figures 47 and 48.
And I claim, in reference to Figures 49, 50, and 51, the adaptation of
mangle wheels and i, driven by tumbler shafts and y, with the socket
shafts e, e, and gearing, for the purpose of giving greater lengths of twist; or
I can employ several other modes of giving reciprocating rotary movements to
the twisters for the purposes above recited, which it is not necessary to point
out, as the essential feature and object of this part of my improvement is to
give twist to short lengths of rovings in opposite directions, by reciprocating
actions of the twisting tubes, in order that several rovings may be lapped upon
one bobbin in twisted states.
I claim the arrangement of the unlapping rollers, exhibited in Figures 52,
53, 54, and 55, as applied to the feeding of drawing, slubbing, and roving
frames, with several rows of lapped bobbins in place of one bobbin.
In Sheet 7, exhibiting my improved lapping machines, I claim my adapta-
tion of a system of drawing rollers, as shewn at Figure 56, in place of
drawing boxes applied to each carding engine.
And I also claim the same system of drawing rollers adapted to the lapping
machines of the drawing frames shewn at Figures 57, 58, 59, 60, and 61.
And I further claim, in reference to these last-mentioned Figures, the
arrangement and adaptation of several belts for conducting the slivers in
separate compartments to the drawing rollers, and the mechanism for
traversing and lapping them upon a bobbin.
In Sheet S, which represents the bobbin frame at Figures 62 and 63, I
claim the reciprocating twisting tubes d, d, d, through which the rovings or
slivers are fed into the drawing apparatus, and the mode of driving these
tubes by means of the maugle wheel and pulley w, with their appendages,
shewn in the detached Figures 66, 67, 68, 69, and 70; and also the other
apparatus for driving, exhibited in Figures 77 and 78.
I likewise claim the adaptation of the twisting tubes e, e, e, with their
pressing rollers and their forked levers f,exhibited in the detached Figures 71,
72, and 73, and the mechanism for effecting the traversing motion of the
twister frame d, shewn in the detached Figure 74.
I
I also claim the mode of lapping the rovings on to the bobbins by meaus of
the endless belt g embracing the bobbin, and passing over the several rollers
i, k, l, and m, as exhibited, which mode of lapping being entirely new,
claim its adaptation to every other construction of machine to which it may
be applicable.

page_text: In Sheet 9 I claim the apparatus in which the twisters are mounted for the
purpose of winding several rovings on to one bobbin, aud the means by which
they are made to revolve; also the mechanism for shifting their position in
order to produce conical ends to the lapped bobbins, as exhibited in Figures
79, 80, and 81, and in the detached Figures 82, 83, (84 and 85, Sheet 7),
86, 87, 88, and 89.
And in reference to the mode of feeding mules and throstles, or other
spinning machines, I claim the endless cloth for unlapping the bobbins,
as shewn in Figures 90, 91, and 92, or by means of rollers, as shewn at
Figure 93.
I also claim, as applied to mules, throstles, and other spinning machines,
revolving tubes for giving twist to the rovings previously to their passing into
the drawing rollers, in the manner explained in reference to Sheet 8.
In witness whereof, I, the said John George Bodmer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
JOHN GEORGE (L.S.) BODMER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-sixth day of November,

page_text: Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-five.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION entered by
the said John George Bodmer with the Clerk of the Patents of England,
pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth years of His late
Majesty's reign, intituled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters
Patent for Inventions."
I, the said John George Bodmer, do hereby declare, that in compliance
with the proviso contained in the said Letters Patent, I duly inrolled a Speci-
fication of my said Invention, part of which said Specification as in the
words and figures following, that is to say:-
"In the Drawings accompanying this my Specification, I have exhibited
"and described many parts of machinery for preparing and spinning cotton
"and other fibrous materials which are known, and have been heretofore
employed for similar purposes; I desire it therefore to be understood that I
"do not intend to claim such parts of machinery in their general application,
but I do claim them in certain combinations and adaptations to the purposes
contemplated in my improved arrangement of machinery for preparing and
spinning as above described:-
First, in reference to the willow or machine for opening cotton and other
fibrous materials, (*)'as exhibited in Sheet 1, I claim particularly the feeding
plate c, over which the material is conducted forward; the row of teeth e,
"and the feeding roller din connection therewith; the series of teeth g, g, g,
"cast on to a plate of iron, and attached to the opening drum.
"I also claim the feeding plate c of the blowing machine, as applicable to
"working cotton only, † the comb or steel blade with a series of teeth e, and
"the feeding roller d in combination therewith."

page_text: And I do hereby further declare that since the taking of such Letters
Patent, and since the inrolment of the said Specification, I have decovered
that the improvements in the willow or opening machine, and also the
feeding plate c of the blowing machine, described in my said Specification,
are not new as regards their application to other materials than cotton,
for which reason I am desirous to disclaim the application of the same
to any other purpose than opening cotton. And for the reason aforesaid,.
I, the said John George Bodmer, do hereby disclaim and omit the words
"and other fibrous materials," ruled through with red ink in the extract from
my said Specification herein-before referred to; and for the reason aforesaid I,
the said John George Bodmer, do hereby make the following Memorandum of
Alteration in my said Specification (that is to say) :-I add the words "as
"applicable to working cotton only" after the words "blowing machine" and
before the word "the" in my said Specification, as added in red ink in the
extract from my said Specification herein-before referred to.
In witness whereof, I, the said John George Bodmer, have hereunto
set my hand, this Twentieth day of December, One thousand eight
This is to certify that the above-named John George Bodmer, of Bolton_
le-Moors, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, has applied
to me for leave to enter with you the above-written Disclaimer and Memo-
randum of Alteration of part of the Specification of a certain Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to him under the Great Seal of Great
Britain, dated at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and thirty-five, and the Specification of which has been duly
enrolled. And having considered of the said application, and no objection
having been made to the same, I have accordingly granted leave to the said
John George Bodmer to file his said Disclaimer and Memorandum of Altera-
tion pursuant to the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth years of the reign of
His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the
Law touching Letters Patent for Invention."

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of December,
in the sixth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said
John George Bodmer came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery,
and acknowledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of December, One thousand eight