CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER LOOPED OR PILED FABRICS."
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Moxon, of Bluc Pits, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, and John Clayton, of the same Place, Carpet
Manager, and Samuel Fearnley, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Overlooker, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO LOOMS
FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER LOOPED OR PILED FABRICS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Moxon, John
Clayton, and Samuel Fearnley, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st March 1857.
We, WILLIAM Moxon, of Blue Pits, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and JOHN CLAYTON, of the same Place, Carpet Manager, and SAMUEL FEARNLEY,
of Halifax, in the County of York, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, WHICH
SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
CARPETS AND OTHER LOOPED OR PILED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate, first, to machinery or apparatus designed to insert
and withdraw the wires (either fixed or loose) from the loops of the fabric. The
apparatus consists in a grooved cam or cam tappet, actuated by means of a
lever, chain, or rack. This tappet or arm moves a carriage provided with
a suitable apparatus for holding the wires, thereby inserting or withdrawing
the wires as the carriage moves backwards or forwards.
Secondly, our Invention consists in an improved method of working or
imparting motion to the "slay" by cranks and arms so arranged as to "beat
up" one or more times at one revolution of the "crank," and also in so
arranging the action of the "slay" as to cause a dwell during the passage of

page_text: the shuttle or the introduction of the wires. This "beating up" motion is
effected by means of two connecting arms extending from the crank to two
centres (one above the other) on the "slay," so that as the "crank" revolves,
the arm having the lower centre will beat up the weft first, and a second part
or stroke will be given as the arm or link attached at the upper centre is forced
down by the crank. The dwell is obtained by forming "slots" or slides in
these connecting links, so that the action of the "crank" will. not affect the
"slay" during the whole course of its revolution, but will move in the slots
and allow the slay to dwell whilst so doing. This apparatus is equally appli-
cable to all looms wherein an extra "beat up" and dwell are required.
Thirdly, our improvement applies to certain machinery or apparatus for
governing or regulating the motion of the warp beam in order to "let off" the
warps therefrom in an even or regular manner; this is accomplished by
attaching a weight and hand to the roller or beam over which the warps pass,
and applying at the end of such roller a pinion gearing into a rack on the
framing, so that when an extra tension is exerted upon the warps, the beam or
roller will move along the rack, and yield to such extra strain.
And, lastly, our Invention consists in lifting the "jacks" by a direct upward
action, in order to prevent or lessen the strain exerted upon the healds, this
portion of the Invention being also applicable to all such looms wherein the
healds are lifted by "jacks."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Moxon, John Clayton, and Samuel Fearnley, in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
Moxon, of Blue Pits, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and JoHN
CLAYTON, of the same Place, Carpet Manager, and SAMUEL FEARNLEY, of
Halifax, in the County of York, Overlooker, send greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said William
Moxon, John Clayton, and Samuel Fearnley, Her especial licence that
we, the said William Moxon, John Clayton, and Samuel Fearnley, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William
Moxon, John Clayton, and Samuel Fearnley, our executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, WHICH SAID
IMPROVEMENTS ARE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND
OTHER LOOPED OR PILED FABRICS," upon the condition, amongst others, that we,
the said William Moxon, John Clayton, and Samuel Fearnley, or one of us,
by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Moxon, do hereby declare the
nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):
:-
Our improvements relate, first, to machinery or apparatus designed to insert
and withdraw the wires (either fixed or loose) from the loops of the fabric.
The apparatus consists in a grooved cam or cams, which by means of a lever,
chain, or rack, actuate certain arms which move a carriage along a slide, the
carriage being provided with a suitable apparatus for holding the wires,
thereby inserting or withdrawing the wires as the carriage moves backwards or
forwards.
Secondly, our Invention consists in an improved method of working or
imparting motion to the "slay" by cranks and arms so arranged as to "beat;
up" one or more times at one revolution of the crank, and also in so arranging
the action of the slay as to cause a "dwell" during the passage of the shuttle
or the introduction of the wires. This "beating up" motion is effected by
means of two connecting arms extending from the crank to two centres.
(one above the other) on the "slay," so that as the crank revolves, the arm
having the lower centre will "beat up" the weft first, and a second beat up or .
stroke will be given as the arm or link attached at the upper centre is forced
down by the link. The "dwell" is obtained by forming a slot or slides in the
link or arm connected to the slay, so that the action of the "crank " will not
affect the "slay" during the whole course of its revolution, but will move in
the slot and allow the slay to dwell whilst so doing. This apparatus is equally
applicable to all looms wherein an extra beat up and dwell are required.

page_text: Thirdly, our improvement applies to certain machinery or apparatus for
governing or regulating the motion of the warp beam in order to "let off" the
warps therefrom in an uniform or regular manner; this is accomplished by
attaching a weight and band to the roller or beam over which the warps pass,
and applying at the end of such rollers a pinion gearing into a rack on the
framing, so that when an extra tension is exerted upon the warps, the beam or
roller will move along the rack, and yield to such extra strain.
And, lastly, our Invention consists in lifting the "jacks" by a direct upward
action in order to prevent or lessen the strain exerted upon the healds, this
portion of the Invention being also applicable to all such looms wherein healds
are lifted by "jacks."
In order that our Invention may be more clearly understood, we have here-
unto attached two Sheets of Drawings having similar letters of reference
marked upon corresponding parts of the apparatus in all the Figures.
Sheet 1, Fig. 1, is a front elevation of the apparatus for connecting and
disconnecting the slide with the wires, and for inserting and withdrawing them
from the loops of the fabric; this Figure also shews the arrangement of levers
employed to lift the healds evenly and parallel; Fig. 2 is a side view of the
same, both Figures being made upon a scale of about one inch and a half to a
foot. Fig.
is a detached view, shewing a front elevation of the sliding
apparatus as seen in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the same, shewing the
position of the wires when in the fabric; Figs. 5 are detached views, shewing the
different methods of connection between the slide and the loose" wires, theso
Figures being shewn about half the real size (Fig. 5* shewing a "fixed wire
attached to the carriage.
Sheet 2, Fig. 1, is a front elevation of another form and arrangement of
apparatus employed for inserting and withdrawing the wires; Fig. 2 is a side
view of the portion of the loom to which this is attached, and also shewing the
apparatus or mechanism employed for governing or regulating the delivery of
the yarn from the warp beam; Fig. 3 is an end view of the said apparatus for
regulating the yarn; Fig. 4 shews the slotted portion of the slay sword
for effecting the required "dwell" of the "slay;" Fig. 5 is a detached view
exhibiting the two centres or double crank arm for effecting the double
"beat up."
In Fig. 1, Sheet 1, a is the vertical rod and rack, actuated by the lever
and cam b. When the cam raises the rod, the rack gearing with the pinions
c, c, causes the arms d, d, and slotted connecting rod E to swing or perform
balf a revolution, its partition being shewn in red. This action forces the
bowl working in the slot forwards, and propels carriage f, holding the wire

page_text: 9, along the slide or table h, and thus inserts the wire into the loop. The
reverse of this action will affect the withdrawal of the wire. To effect the
parallel lift of the healds I employ the ordinary lifting levers i, i, worked by
suitable cams or tappits, and connect these levers by means of connecting
links k, k, to other levers 7, 1, having fulcra upon the opposite side of the
framing. The healds are attached to these levers at a point about their
centres, the connecting links k, k, being between the two suspending bands,
so that instead of each heald being lifted from one fulcrum, and the lift being
in the form of a segment of a circle, they are lifted from two centres, and
by means of the flexible connection between them a parallel or direct upward
and downward action is obtained..
The arrangement for inserting and withdrawing the wires will be more
easily seen in the half-size view, Fig. 4, in which m, m, is the table or slide,
which is divided diagonally into two grooves, one being for the insertion and
the other for the withdrawal of the wires, the partition or division being
with a spring n at one end, admitting only of the withdrawal of the wire.
The operation of this part of the Invention will be readily understood by the
following description of Figs. 3 and 4:-In begiuing to form loops about.
ten or more wires are woven in the fabric to form a solid or firm resistance
to the slay when "beating up," so that throughout the weaving the same
number of wires first employed remain, though their situation is advanced as
the weaving progresses. After inserting the last of these wires the carriage
is advanced up the groove i by means of the apparatus shewn in Fig. 1, and
before described, and by any of the means of connection, shewn in Figs. 5,
attaches itself to the head of that wire first introduced and farthest from the
slay. The slide or carriage f is then drawn back (by the action of the slotted
rod E, withdrawing the wire to which it is attached. When the head of
the wire has passed the spring n the carriage is disconnected with the wire
head, and (the head of the wire remaining in the groove 1) a lever o beneath
the wire is raised by means of a cam or other substitute, and this slides or
carries the the wire across the grooves, retaining the head of the wire in the
groove ready to insert in the next "shed." The carriage f is then advanced,
and propels the wire forward into the open "shed" to form the loop. The
method of connection and disconnection of the carriage with the wire heads
is effected by the spring p, which is furnished with a projection to hold the
toothed spring g up. When the wire is to be withdrawn, the spring p strikes
the stud r as the carriage advances, and allows the spring to fall and the
tooth to fit into a recess in the wire head, thus forming the connection, the
disconnection being effected by raising the spring from the wire by the

page_text: fingers, worked by a suitable arrangement of levers in connection with the
motion actuating the lever o.
In Fig. 1, Sheet 2, a, a, is the slide or groove in which the carriage b
moves. The slide is mounted on a vertical shaft or pivot e, which has an
oscillating or reciprocating motion imparted to it by the face cam d in con-
nection with the lever E. The carriage b receives an alternate sliding motion
within the groove by means of the swinging or reciprocating motion of the
arms f, f, which are actuated by by means of the cams 9, 9, in connection
with the rope and pulley h, h. The carriage is connected to the arins by
means of a stud or pin i, working in the slide k. This slide is moved by
the arms along the groove in a parallel line, and as the arms in vibrating
form a circular course the pin i moves along the slide k, and thus propels
the carriage, and places the wire in the "shed," the wire being connected to
the carriage in the manner before described, and shewn in Sheet 1, the
disconnection being effected by means of the finger upon the portion k¹ of
し
the slide k, the finger being so applied as to strike the pin m, and lift the
tooth out of the wire head, leaving the wire in the "shed." The face cam
d then comes into action and turns the groove a, a, the distance of the wires
in the fabric, (that is, from the one last put in to that first put in and next
to be withdrawn. Whilst the groove is thus moving, the stud i enters the
slide k', and causes the carriage to dwell in the slide or groove a, a, so as to
allow for the movement of the said groove. The slide k then begins to recede,
and the finger allows the tooth to fall into the head of the wire to be with-
drawn, and the arms carrying the carriage back effect the withdrawal of the
wire. The parallel slide or groove a, a, is then moved back to the point
where the "shed" is open, and the carriage still retaining the wire is advanced
until the wire is again on the "shed," the same operation being continued
to the end of the piece. In Fig. 2 a portion of the framing is shewn broken,
in order more clearly to exhibit the regulating motion for the yarn beams
n, n. These beams are actuated by the ordinary "worm" and "worm wheel
motion, moved by "ratchet" and "ratchet wheel," the action of such ratchets
upon the wheels being regulated or governed by the pinions o, o, which are
secured upon the ends of the rollers over which the warps pass. When the
diameter of the front roller increases, or when from any other cause an extra
strain is exerted upon the yarn, and consequently upon the rollers carrying
the pinions o, o, this will cause the said pinions to move along the racks p, p,
and through the intermediate levers 9, 9, to raise the rods r, r, which are
furnished with pins, supporting the levers s, s. Upon these levers are the
catches or ratchets acting upon the wheels t, t. It will be seen that the

page_text: levers u, u, having always the same length of "throw," a greater or less
quantity of teeth will be taken up by the ratchets, according to the distance the
levers s, s, (carrying the ratchets) are raised from the levers u, u, and according
to the quantity of teeth taken up so will the delivery of the warp or yarn
forming the back of the fabric from the beams n, n, be regulated or governed;
or a similar effect may be obtained by the application of a spring and weight
attached to the warp rollers, as seen in Fig. 6. In Fig. 4, v, the slay
sword, having a slot formed therein, in which works the pin w of the crank
arm. As the crank revolves the springs a, a, retain the said pin at the
end of the slot nearest to the slay sword during a part of its revolution until
the slay comes into contract with a projecting buffer ', which stops the
motion of the slay, and the crank still revolving draws the pin to the opposite
end of the slot, the spring a assisting in moving the pin back again, during
the whole of which time the slay is undisturbed by the action of the crank,
allowing for the insertion of the wires and the passage of the shuttle.
In Fig. 5, y, y', are the links or double crank arm for effecting the double
"beat up" of the "slay." The links ar shewn in the position when beating
up the first time, the link y coming into action first as the crank revolves,
and the link y' bringing the connecting bar against the "slay" as it descends
to its lower centre causes a second "beat" to be given to the weft and wire,
thereby forming a more firm and solid fabric.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be distinctly
understood that we claim the novel application, employment, and use of the
peculiar arrangement of machinery or apparatus, as herein-before described,
set forth, and exhibited in the Drawings attached, without confining ourselves
to the precise details or dimensions of the parts herein shewn, providing the
peculiar and novel features and character of our Invention for certain im-
provements in looms for weaving (particularly for weaving carpets) remain
substantially the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Moxon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
WILLIAM MOXON. (L.S.)