matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING RADIATION OF HEAT FROM PIPE AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Stewart at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th April 1881.
ROBERT STEWART, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING RADIATION OF HEAT FROM PIPE AND
OTHER SURFACES.”
This Invention is chiefly applicable to the covering of superheated or other steam
or hot water pipes to prevent radiation therefrom, and to the covering of cold
water pipes against the influence of frost.
The covering as applied to pipes is formed in halves or other sectional parts, and
consists essentially of an inner sheet which is placed next to the pipe to be covered,
and is made of asbestos, millboard, or other suitable nonconducting sheet material;
on the outside of this sheet I fix one or more longitudinal or other strips or chaplets
of tin, wood, or cardboard, of a height equal to the thickness of about one or two
inches, and these strips are also fixed to an outer part casing of tin, sheet iron,
cardboard, or other suitable smooth and sufficiently strong sheet material; the space
intermediate between this outer casing and the inner asbestos millboard casing is
filled in with silicate, cotton, or other suitable bad conductor of heat. The inner
millboard casing will not become charred even in the case of superheated steam
pipes..
For covering a pipe of a diameter of, for instance, two inches, I block out or mould
the outer sheet so as to form a half circle of about four inches diameter and, say,
one to three feet long; in the centre of the hollow I rivet, solder, or otherwise fix
a strip of sheet iron, tin, wood, or cardboard, about one inch deep or broad, and of
the length of the casing. I then mould a half circle of asbestos millboard to a
radius equal to that of the pipe, and fix it by wires or otherwise to the longitudinal
strip. I then fill in the intermediate space between the asbestos millboard and the
outer sheet with silicate cotton loosely by hand; I then place the half covering or
mantlet in a half mould of a corresponding size and place the other half mould
thereon; I then fill in and press more silicate cotton from the ends; by means of
this mould I apply pressure on the silicate cotton on each side and prevent
D02

page_text: irregularity; when the silicate cotton is in a sufficiently compact state I remove the
so formed half covering from the mould and paint the exposed parts of the silicate
cotton with silicate of potash or of soda, so as to form a protecting skin to prevent
the cotton from falling out when the covering or mantlet is handled. The other
half pipe covering or mantlet is formed similarly, but the outer casing is made to
project about 1/4 inch above the silicate cotton, so that when the two halves are
brought together one will overlap the other. The two halves when placed round a
pipe are fastened by hoops or wires or other suitable means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BORING, FACING, AND CHASING TAPS, COCKS, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF METAL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Booth Sutcliffe at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1881.
BOOTH SUTCLIFFE, of Halifax, in the County of York, Tool and Wood Cutting
Machine Maker, trading as John Sutcliffe and Son. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR BORING, FACING, AND CHASING TAPS, COCKS, OR OTHER
ARTICLES OF METAL."
This Invention consists of improved machinery for boring, facing, and chasing
taps, cocks, or other articles of metal having several faces or surfaces to be operated
upon. According to this my Invention I employ a rotary spindle, one end carrying
cutter, boring, or chasing tool, the other end being received in a tube or hollow shaft
provided with a rack and gearing with a ratchet wheel worked by levers so as to
advance the rotary spindle and cutting tool, and by the lever power applying the
necessary pressure to the tool. On the rotary spindle is a speed pulley and clutch
box; the latter may be thrown out for change of tool or otherwise without
necessity of moving the driving belt; there is also a lever and speed pulley for
reversing rotation of tool spindle when withdrawing the "tap" or chasing tool.
The holding tool or die consists of a revolving disc carrying nipping jaws, the latter
being worked or operated by a chased or screwed spindle having right and left
handed threads whereby the jaws are opened and closed simultaneously. so as to
ensure the article to be operated upon being central or linable with the cutting,
chasing, or other tool. The disc is provided with stop or guage pin and boles so
that the article in the holding jaws or discs may be turned any portion of the
circle or otherwise in true relative position to the cutting, boring, or chasing,
tool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Gough at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1881.
ALFRED GOUGH of the Town and County of Buckingham. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR WORKING RAILWAY SIGNALS."
My Invention relates to improved means or apparatus for automatically working
railway signals on the block system by the passage of the train itself, whereby to
diminish the danger of collisions between following trains due to defective
signalling.
My Invention consists mainly in obtaining the movement necessary for working
the signals by the extension produced by the flattening of a curved or bow spring
placed in such position as to be acted on by a roller upon one of the carriages of a
train, the same motion being applied by means of levers and connections to raise or
set one signal upon the passage of the train and at the same time to lower another
signal a given distance in rear of the train which was previously raised in the
same way.
In carrying out my Invention I fix centrally between the rails an upwardly
curved or bowed spring of considerable length which is laid longitudinally between
the rails and is fixed by one end to a sleeper or other fixed support and is free to
slide at the other end in a suitable guide also fixed to a sleeper or other support.
The central part of this spring rises sufficiently high to be depressed by the passage
over it of a roller upon a wheel axle of the guard's van or other carriage or upon
the locomotive, the flattening down of the spring producing the sliding end wise
motion of its free end which I utilize to operate the signals, in the manner above
indicated. The spring is of sufficient length to ensure a considerable range of
motion and a gradual action free from shock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SERVICE- BOXES OR APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING WATER CLOSETS, URINALS, OR THE LIKE.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th July 1881. A communication
from Gustav Mack, Engineer, of Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of
Germany.
"
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SERVICE-
BOXES OR APPARATUS FOR FLUSHING WATER CLOSETS, URINALS, OR THE LIKE.'
[A communication from Gustav Mack, Engineer, of Frankfort on the Main, in the
Empire of Germany.]
This Invention relates to an improved apparatus for flushing water closets,
urinals, and other places requiring periodical flushing. The said apparatus is
constructed as follows, that is to say:-I provide a box or vessel in which there is
a tube bent into the form of a syphon, whose longer limb is extended to the closet
or other place to be flushed; I also provide a displacer or float which is furnished
with connections for operating the same, and there is a valve connected with a
supply-pipe leading from the water-main.
The apparatus is at rest when the water has entered the box or vessel up to a
certain point, this raises the float and closes the valve.
The apparatus is put into operation by causing the float to descend or be
immersed in the water, which is effected by pulling a lever. The descent of the
float causes the water to rise above the highest point in the syphon and to flow off
through the same, and thus the contents of the box or vessel are completely
exhausted through the pipe leading to the water-closet or other place to be
flushed.
IMPROVED MEMORIAL MIRRORS OR REMEMBRANCE LOOKING GLASSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Daniel Cannon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1881.
CHARLES DANIEL CANNON, of 151, Finnis St., Bethnal Green Road, London.
"IMPROVED MEMORIAL MIRRORS OR REMEMBRANCE LOOKING GLASSES."
Mirrors or looking glasses being articles of household furniture or wall decoration,
which are necessarily looked at daily and constantly attract observation, I propose
to make use of this speciallity to keep in constant memory certain good or wise
texts, or sayings, proverbs, mottoes, names, monograms, crests, figures, pictures, or
photographs, by fixing the same on the back or front of the glass before or after it
is silvered, by engraving, etching, printing, or other known process, so that while it
is seen on the face of the glass it will not interfere with the use of the glass as a
mirror, but while being used as a mirror, the said texts, proverbs, mottoes, mono-
grams, crests, figures, pictures, or photographs, may also be seen, and thus the
mirrors in use are rendered more useful by becoming also memorial mirrors or
remembrance looking glasses.
These mirrors may be framed or mounted in any suitable way and made of any
size, shape, or pattern.
IMPROVED TREATMENT OF CALF SKINS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF SEAL AND ASTRACHAN SKINS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1881. A communication
from abroad by Pietro Bernard, of Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, and 20, Forhaabningsholms Allee, Copenhagen. " IMPROVED
TREATMENT OF CALF SKINS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING IMITATIONS OF
SEAL AND ASTRACHAN SKINS." A communication from abroad by Pietro
Bernard, of Turin, in the Kingdom of Italy.
The seal and Astrachan skins now employed for military collricks and spencers
may be usefully replaced by calf skins prepared in the manner hereinafter indicated;
these calf skins may also be employed for the coverings of shooting pouches and
other such like articles with considerable advantage as regards harmony of
colors, impermeability, and durability.
The skins most suitable for the application of the process are selected and lightly
tanned by plunging the skins for two days into a bath composed of 100 litres of
water, 6 kilogrammes of salt, 6 kilogrammes of alum, and 1 hectogramme of oil of
vitriol. The skins are then placed for four hours in a mordant bath composed of
100 litres of water, 2 kilogrammes of soft lime, 2 kilogrammes of salt, 2 kilogrammes
of alum, and 2 hectogrammes of sulphuric acid. Finally, the skins are passed
through a black dye bath composed of 100 litres of water, 3 kilogrammes of extract
of logwood, 6 hectogrammes of yellow extract, 6 hectogrammes of blue vitriol,
6 hectogrammes of green vitriol, 7 hectogrammes of verdigris, 6 hectogrammes of
copperas, 2 hectogrammes of solution of iron, and 2 hectogrammes of arsenic.
This dye is boiled for an hour, and the skins are then (while still wet) plunged
into it several times until a fine black is obtained; they are then washed and wiped
in the ordinary way, after which they are subjected to the action of the instruments
necessary for imparting to them their lustre and wave like appearance.
It may be observed that the above mentioned baths are to be warmed to about
60° or more centigrade, and that the proportions of the compositions as well as the
time of immersion of the skins may be varied according to the nature of the skins
submitted to the process described.
This process may also be applied to skins intended for any other use besides
military uses as above mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, TRUCKS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hill Ward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1881.
SAMUEL HILL WARD, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF COUPLING AND
UNCOUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WAGGONS, TRUCKS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES,
AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE,"
Running across each end of the waggon, carriage, or other vehicle, I have a bar
or rod working in bearings connected to the framing, which bar or rod has a cranked
arm at each end projecting over or under the buffers and extending to the outside
of the vehicle. Attached to about the centre of this rod or bar, and capable of
turning with it, is a link or coupling hook, so that when the rod or bar is turned
from the outside of the vehicle by the crank arm, it raises the link and enables it
to be dropped on a projecting hook on the opposite carriage, and so couple them
together. To uncouple the vehicles the crank arm and rod is turned so as to raise
the link and coupling hook attached to it from its detent in the projecting hook
on the opposite carriage, when the hook or link is allowed to drop by its own
weight and there remain attached to its bar or rod until again required for
coupling up.
In the case of carriages required to be locked together so that the buffers shall
be held in close contact, instead of the loosely hanging link or coupling hook above
described, I fix to the rod or bar with its cranked arm projecting outside the
vehicles a strong arm or lever with a coupling hook or link attached, and to this
arm or lever fix a worm and wheel, so that when the link is dropped on to its
opposite hook or the hook into its corresponding link, by turning the crank arm
or lever the vehicles can be drawn as close together as required and locked as
before.
These two arrangements may be worked either conjointly or separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF GOODS AND ADVERTISEMENTS IN SHOPS, SHOP WINDOWS, BAZAARS, AND LIKE PLACES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Mills Elstob and John
Arthurs Elstob at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
July 1881.
CHARLES MILLS ELSTOв and JOHN ARTHURS ELSTOB, both of Great Saint
Helen's, Bishopsgate Street, in the City of London. IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE EXHIBITION OF GOODS AND ADVERTISEMENTS IN SHOPS, SHOP
WINDOWS, BAZAARS, AND LIKE PLACES."
This Invention has for its object, improvements in apparatus for the exhibition
of goods and advertisements in shops, shop widows, bazaars, and like places.
.
For these purposes we employ horizontal or perpendicular rollers, circular,
octagon, or of such other shape or design as may be most convenient to the several
purposes to which this Invention applies, for carrying a band or bands, trellis or
wire work of any suitable material, or arrangement to pass round the said rollers, .
either as an endless band, or to revolve from one side and back again to the
other, and so formed and fitted that advertisements and goods may be hung or
attached thereto; and at the back of such advertisements and. goods we place
when desired a sheet of plate glass, either flat to reflect the same, or sheets of
silvered glass arranged at various angles to multiply the reflections of the said
advertisements and goods to be shewn. Such moving show frames may be
arranged to suit any length or outline and of more than one depth. In the case
of long distances or to support goods of weight we employ intermediate rollers,
guide rods, rollers, or other suitable appliances for the prevention of sagging,
friction, &c. The said rollers are proposed to be actuated by bevil gear, worm
gear, or other convenient mechanical contrivance to be placed either on the same
Hoor or upon the floor above or beneath, and are to be driven by hand, steam, gas,
electric, or other motive power, to keep the said advertising apparatus moving at
such a speed as will enable a person looking upon the same to read such
advertisements and to inspect such goods without changing his position.
The advantages claimed are, amongst others, that the show of goods in shop windows
and stalls may be more frequently and conveniently dressed and continually changed,
that an unlimited quantity of advertisements and goods may be exhibited both in
the window and inside frontage in the same space, and it will not be necessary to
move from place to place as is now the case in looking in at a large shop window,
which if crowded by observers causes delay, confusion, and inconvenience to those
desiring to inspect the articles exhibited.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GROWING WATER-CRESS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Cam Pimbury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1881.
GEORGE CAM PIMBURY, of Florence Villa, Cheltenham, in the County of
Gloucester. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GROWING WATER-CRESS."
The object of my Invention is to construct apparatus by which water-cress may
be grown by private individuals and more perfectly than by the methods at present
used.
For this purpose I use two tanks, one above the other, a pump being fitted so as
to raise water from the lower tank to the upper one. A. tap is fitted in the upper
tank from which water is allowed to flow over a series of watertight divisions
containing sand, on the top of which the water-cress is grown. The water then
runs through tubes into a trough and is carried thereby into the lower tank,
from which it may be pumped into the upper tank. A suitable pipe is connected
with each division at the bottom for draining the water from the sand.
In order to produce a ripple on the water I connect a tube with the upper tank.
This tube is provided with a tap for turning the water on or off, and is carried
round the series of divisions before described, and perforated on each side of each
division so that jets of water will fall into them.
The water used in my apparatus may be either cold or slightly heated.
SUBMERGED PROPELLERS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pietro Amati at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th July 1881.
PIETRO AMATI, of No. 47, Avenue de la Gare, Nice, France.
SUBMERGED PROPELLERS FOR NAVIGABLE VESSELS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The object of my said Invention is to provide navigable vessels with propellers
of a superior description to those now in use.
I fit such vessels with two shafts athwartship. These shafts are placed
sufficiently low down in the hull to enable the propellers to be entirely below the
load water line, and therefor at a greater distance therefrom than half the
diameter of the propellers. These two shafts, with their respective propellers
keyed or otherwise firmly attached thereto, are caused to revolve at a speed of
60 revolutions per minute, by means of two steam engines of equal power, one to
each shaft.
•
The two ends of each shaft project outside the hull, passing through suitable
bearings fitted with stuffing boxes and glands to prevent water from entering the
vessel.
The forward shaft is placed at a distance of 5 metres from the position of the
midship section, forward of that section; and there is a distance of 20 metres
between the two shafts, the aftermost shaft being at a distance of 15 metres from
the midship section, aft.
The two outer arms of the forward shaft carry the two forward propellers,
which are circular in form, and constructed of galvanized iron. These two forward
propellers are simply short cylinders with eight deep grooves running around
their peripheries. The grooves are 25 centimetres deep, and 15 centimetres in
width, with intervals (or flanges) between them 225 decimillimetres wide; the
circumference of each of these propellers being 12 metres, and the two ends are
plain discs.
The two after propellers are fitted to the aftermost shaft in the same manner,
and the propellers are of the same external dimensions as, but of a different
construction to the forward propellers.
Each of the after propellers is formed of two discs of hard wood, placed
bout 150 centimetres apart, and fitted with 16 paddle floats, also of hard wood.
Each paddle float is 150 centimetres long by 60 centimetres in width. The inside

page_text: edge of each float is two centimetres thick, from which they are tapered to a
thickness of 5 millimetres at their outer edges. The floats are pivotted to the
discs on centres at each end, and made to continuously keep a certain angle with
the horizon, that is to say, the whole 16 floats are parallel to each other, or nearly
so, at all times, and therefor turn upon their pivots as the wheel revolves on its
centre.
It is obvious that the dimensions and the various particulars herein described
may be varied according to circumstances.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND APPLICABLE FOR MAKING CASTINGS AND AS A CEMENT, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lavender at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1881.
ROBERT LAVENDER, of Talywain, near Pontypool, in the County of Monmouth.
"AN IMPROVED COMPOUND APPLICABLE FOR MAKING CASTINGS AND AS A
CEMENT, AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object an improved compound applicable for making
castings, and as a cement, and for other useful purposes.
My improved compound consists of sulphur mixed with rouge or oxide of iron in
a finely divided state, obtained either by precipitation or by grinding or washing
or by other method by which a state of minute subdivision is obtainable.
I melt the sulphur and stir into it the rouge or other finely divided oxide of
iron.
Suitable proportions are,-Sulphur 75 parts.
Rouge 25
»
The compound melts at a low temperature, and when poured into a mould forms
a charn coating
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CROSS-STITCH EMBROIDERY PATTERNS UPON VARIOUS MATERIALS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Julius Boult at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Josef Mössmer, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria.
ALFRED JULIUS BOULT, of the Firm of W..P. Thompson & Boult, Agents for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 323, High Holborn, London, in the County of Middlesex,
and 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and Patent
Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CROSS-STITCH EMBROIDERY PATTERNS
UPON VARIOUS MATERIALS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication
from abroad by Josef Mössmer, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
The outline of the patterns or designs used for facilitating cross stitch embroidery
on various fabrics could heretofore be produced or drawn on such fabrics only at a
great loss of labour and time by the laborious and slow process of tracing.
The process or method hereinafter described has for its object to obviate this
difficulty, and to provide means for transferring any desired pattern upon material
which is to be embroidered, in a very simple manner, by means of a matrix easily
produced for any pattern.
To this end I use type such as is used in printing, which however bears instead
of the letters either crosses or squares, and is set up according to the desired pattern
in the manner usual for letterpress printing. The form may be stereotyped in the
ordinary manner upon flat or cylindrical surfaces, and pulls are taken on suitable
material either in the press or by hand.
The stereo-typing may if desired be omitted, and the impressions be taken direct
from the "forin."
If the pattern is to be printed in several colors, the proceeding will take place in
the same manner as is practised for chromatic letterpress.
In the manner and by the means hereinabove set forth, cross-stitch embroidery
patterns or designs can be easily printed in several colors, and in any size upon all
kinds of linen, woollen, or other textile fabric, upon leather or upon any material
subsequently to be embroidered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR APPLIANCES FOR DISPLAYING COLLARS AND SCARVES, OR NECKTIES, WRISTBANDS, SHIRTS, AND OTHER SUCH GOODS FOR SALE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Barton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1881.
EDWIN BARTON, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN HOLDERS OR APPLIANCES FOR DISPLAYING COLLARS AND SCARVES, OR NECKTIES,
WRISTBANDS, SHIRTS, AND OTHER SUCH GOODS FOR SALE."
According to this Invention I so construct and arrange holders or appliances for
displaying collars and neckties and other such goods, as to exhibit them in the
position they would assume when worn, and so as to be adapted for various sizes,
shapes, and forms.
I construct a ring or circular or other frame, by preference adjustable, so as to
suit various sizes, and I form it so that the collar (or it may be the cuff) can fit
thereon or therein, and this ring or frame I form or fit with a joint piece, which by
set screw or other adjustable means of fastening can be attached at any required
angle to a stand or bracket or other part, such as the usual brass rods which
are used in shops and shop windows for the purpose of exhibiting goods placed
thereon.
A convenient form of appliance or holder is made in the form of a metallic band
which is sprung into the form of a ring, and so as to be expanded or contracted to
any required size of collar (or cuff) and having its parts guided against each other
by small lip pieces; the exterior of the ring is formed with clips or rests for
receiving the cuff or collar and the necktie placed thereon; in front of this ring
there is a button clip or stud for the collar or cuff to be fastened on to, and a
joint piece for attaching the appliance to a stand, bar, bracket or brass rod.
For supporting the necktie or it may be the shirt front, I may provide the
ring or frame with a wire loop or plate or other suitable supporting piece or pieces.
If I attach the holder to the usual brass rod as aforesaid, I connect the joint
piece by set screw or other means of adjustable fastening to a bar, having below a
socket or tube which by a set screw can be fixed on the brass rod.
If I attach the holder to a stand or bracket I connect the joint piece by set
screw or other means of adjustable fastening to a rod, which can slide in or on the
stand or bracket.
The aforesaid ring band may be marked with inches and parts of inches, and so
form a measure for collars and cuffs.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE GAME OF LAWN TENNIS FOR INDICATING OR RECORDING THE STATE OF THE GAME
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henley Thomas Bartlett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1881.
HENLEY THOMAS BARTLETT, of Exmouth, in the County of Devon. " A NEW
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THE GAME OF LAWN TENNIS FOR
INDICATING OR RECORDING THE STATE OF THE GAME."
My Invention relates to an apparatus to be used in the game of lawn tennis for
indicating or recording the number of points, games, and sets won by each "side,"
and shewing at one glance the state of the rubber.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a disc of any suitable material, figured or
graduated on both sides, and provided with four pairs of hands mounted on a
common centre or axis, but so as to work independently one of the other. Each
pair consists of two hands (one for each side of the disc or dial) secured together
by pins or rivets passing through segmental slots made in the disc or dial, so that
the two hands work in unison, a rib or raised portion being by preference provided
on each side of the disc or dial to maintain the hands out of contact with the face
of the dial. Two pairs of these hands are appropriated for each "side" or player,
or pair of players, one pair of hands being intended to mark the points of the game,
and the other pair to mark the games of the set. The "sets" won by each "side"
are recorded by means of figures affixed to studs or pins protruding from both sides
of the disc or dial.
"
The disc or dial is provided with a round pin which fits in a socket formed on
the top of a support so that when the players change courts the score may be
changed also by turning the disc on its vertical axis. A spike may also be provided
on the top of the disc or dial for the purpose of affixing a placard shewing the
names or numbers of the players.
The disc or dial may be painted black and figured white, for, say, the right half,
and vice versa for the other half, so as to distinguish the score of each player, the
points of the game being shewn at the upper half of the disc or dial, and the games
of the set and the sets at the lower half of the disc or dial.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH WINDERS AND REGULATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH WINDERS AND REGULATORS." A
communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Etcheverry, of La Testo,
France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH
WINDERS AND REGULATORS." A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Etcheverry, of La Teste, France.
"
This Invention relates to improvements in winding and regulating apparatus for
watches. The improvements consist in the combination and arrangement of
six pieces of machinery, being a pusher, a lever, a pawl, a ratchet-wheel, a spring,
and a click-spring fixed or secured by five screws (usually sixteen are needed).
The improvements can be easily adapted to existing "remontoir" watches. The
pusher is used both for winding and regulating, and is so fixed as to be capable of
boing pulled out as far as to touch the lever below, and by a quarter turn from
right to left and pushing the pusher back its teeth gear into the minute wheel and
act on the hands. The pusher is pushed until the hands cease to turn, and by an
inverse motion the pin of the pusher is made to touch the lever from above; the
pusher is pushed again and its teeth gear into the minute wheel and cause the
hands to move. For winding the pusher is pulled, and at same time turned a
quarter of a circle, whereby an abutment on the pusher becomes parallel to the
plane of the lever; the lever is depressed, and the pawl acts upon the ratchet
wheel and upon the axle of the barrel or drum on which the ratchet wheel is
fixed.

page_text: spring which constantly pushes the click against the ratchet wheel; and s, a guide
for the pusher.
I claim the improved mechanism for winding and regulating watches, constructed
and operating substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtioth day of March, A.D. 1882.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.B.)
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRO- DUCTION OF NITRO-BENZOLE
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Deucker, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PRO-
DUCTION OF NITRO-BENZOLE."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Deucker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th April 1881.
JOHN DEUCKER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF NITRO-BENZOLE."
This Invention relates to the economical manufacture of nitro-benzole, which is
a base obtained from various qualities of benzole or naphtha for the production of
aniline oils.
In the first place I take about four parts of sulphuric acid or oil of vitriol, and
I mix the same with about three parts of nitric acid.
Secondly, I take about one part of the nitro-sulphuric acid thus formed and add
it to about four parts of benzole or naphtha, and when the benzole has been thus
converted into nitro-benzole, I stop the operation and allow the nitro-benzole to
separate itself (by reason of the difference in their specific gravities) from the
nitró-sulphuric acid.,
I then draw off the mixed acids and put them in a suitable pan, or a series of
pans or glasses connected with any suitable arrangement of condensing apparatus.
and draught pipes, and I apply heat to the pan (or to the series of pans or glasses)
into which the acids have been charged so as to regain all the free nitric acid,
and also the dilute sulphuric acid, and I boil the dilute sulphuric acid or vitriol
until it arrives at the required density to be re-used for the same purpose, or for
any other purpose if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF DRIVING VELOCIPEDES AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Reverend Randolph Humphrey
Berens at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December
1881.
The Reverend RANDOLPH HUMPHREY BERENS, of Sidcup, Chislehurst, in the
County of Kent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF DRIVING VELOCIPEDES AND
OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
My said Invention has for its objects: A novel and simple mode of driving
velocipedes and other vehicles: Keeping the centre of gravity of the "load",
(whether a live or dead load) as low as possible; and utilising the action of gravity
upon such load as the source of the motive, or driving power.
In cases where the "load" is a person, 1 fit the driving axle or axles with a
pinion or pinions, and I fit up one or more countershaft or countershafts with a
toothed wheel or wheels to gear into and drive such pinion or pinions. To a drum
or barrel fixed to such toothed wheel I attach a suitable endless flexible chain
(articulated or otherwise jointed) which chain is sometimes sustained by a suitable
pulley placed above the driving axle, and sometimes also may be kept in a state of
tension by a similar pulley underneath the axle.
To this chain are attached suitable rungs or steps for the feet of the rider to act
upon successively, and by his weight thereby to press down that side of the chain
upon which be is operating with his feet. The chain drives the drum and
countershaft, and the toothed wheel upon such countershaft actuates the main
driving axle.
In the place of such chain, bands, ratchets and pawls, and other mechanical
equivalents may be substituted, more especially where the motive or driving power
is derived from a load of goods or merchandise, or other articles of an inaminate
nature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING BOG- PEAT AND PEAT-MOSS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR LITTER FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Deadman Cox at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1881.
SAMUEL DEADMAN Cox of New Charlton in the County of Kent Operative
Chemist. “IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING BOG-
PEAT AND PEAT-MOSS TO RENDER THEM SUITABLE FOR LITTER FOR HORSES AND
OTHER ANIMALS AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
The peat or peat-moss which I prefer to be what is known as sphagnum having
been dried in the air or by mechanical means is fed into a hopper and its delivery
therein being regulated by a slide or other suitable mechanical contrivance the
peat or peat-moss is passed therefrom into or on revolving knives or breakers
and is then carried forward to other knives or cutters where it is further broken
into pieces of the required sizes and it is thence delivered on to screens which
may be either flat reciprocating ones worked by excentrics or rotary ones
worked by gearing and then delivered into sacks or other receptacles ready for
removal.
The peat or peat-moss thus prepared can then be used for litter for horses and
other animals and for other useful purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Mackenzie Ross at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1881.
ALEXANDER MACKENZIE Ross, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian,
North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS."
These improved laths are made of wood in the usual way, and are then covered
with paper, which may be posted or glued or otherwise suitably secured to the lath.
It will be seen that by this means I can produce laths in almost any variety of
colour or pattern, from the plainest to the most elaborate, and at a cost very
materially less than would be incurred if they were to be painted in the ordinary
way. Also a great saving of time is effected, as these improved laths are practically
ready for use almost immediately after they are covered, whereas painted laths must
be left for twelve to fourteen days to dry before being used. There is no pos-
sibility of blistering as in the case of painted laths. The improved laths are easily
packed to go any distance without damage by friction, to which painted laths are
liable. There is no offensive smell from the improved laths as there is from the
painted ones, and they are quito noiseless in use. They are not liable to fade in
the colour as painted laths, are lighter, cleaner, and more durable, and they can be
more easily renovated. They are less liable to splitting, as the paper binds the
wood together, and they are much healthier in preparation, the white lead used in
the manufacture of painted laths being very deleterious to the workman. There
is no danger whatever attending the manufacture, while in the manufacture of
painted laths there is very great danger from fire in the preparation and use of
the paint, the principal ingredients being of a highly combustible character.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAUNCHES, BARGES, HARBOUR-BOATS, FERRY, OR PASSENGER BOATS, TUGS, FISHING BOATS, TORPEDO-BOATS, YACHTS, AND OTHER SMALL OR LIGHT SHIPPING OR VESSELS, THE SAME BEING IN PART APPLICABLE FOR PROPELLING ENGINES, TRAMWAY CARS, OR OTHER VEHICLES ON ROADS OR RAILWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Robert Kinipple at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1881.
WALTER ROBERT KINIPPLE, of 2, Westminster Chambers, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAUNCHES, BARGES, HARBOUR-BOATS, FERRY, OR
PASSENGER BOATS, TUGS, FISHING BOATS, TORPEDO-BOATS, YACHTS, AND OTHER
SMALL OR LIGHT SHIPPING OR VESSELS, THE SAME BEING IN PART APPLICABLE
FOR PROPELLING ENGINES, TRAMWAY CARS, OR OTHER VEHICLES ON ROADS OR
RAILWAYS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in launches, barges, harbour-boats,
ferry or passenger boats, tugs, fishing boats, torpedo-boats, yachts, and other small
or light shipping, is also in part applicable for propelling engines, tramway cars, or
other vehicles on roads or railways, and it has for its object to enable boats, vessels,
or other floating or shipping craft to dispense with the use of steam boilers for
driving the engines, also to save the time occupied in getting up steam on board
steam ships, boats, or other of the aforesaid floating or shipping craft.
The Invention consists in compressing inflammable gas to as high a pressure as
can be conveniently obtained into reservoirs contained on board the aforesaid
shipping or floating craft, and which gas is led off from the said reservoirs so as to
be mixed with air and burned therewith in the cylinders of the engines for driving
the propellors.
In carrying out the Invention the hulls of ships, vessels, or boats to which it is
applied or to be applied are or may be constructed with a double casing stayed
transversely with plates, bars, or their equivalents, so as to resist the pressure of
the gas to be contained in the said space or spaces.
It is to be understood that whilst this Invention is applicable for large ships,
yet it is more especially intended to apply to smaller craft, such as launches,
lighters, tugs, ferry boats, and their analogues. When so applied it is intended
that the boats or vessels shall be provided with a pump or pumps and connections
by which the said pumps can be attached to a connection to the. gas mains of a
sea port town, and thereby pump the gas from the mains into the reservoirs; or the
Din 71

page_text: pumps for compressing the gas may be placed at any convenient situation in
harbours or upon the wharves into or against which the shipping craft would come
to receive the necessary supply of compressed gas.
In the case of employing compressed gas for driving engines, or cars, or other
vehicles upon roads or railways, the gas is compressed into the reservoirs with
which they are fitted in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to ships,
vessels, or boats.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR SECURING BOOTS AND FOR THEIR EASY REMOVAL FROM THE FEET."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1881.
"
JAMES OSBORN SPONG, of 249, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Domestic Machine Manufacturer. IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR SECURING BOOTS
AND FOR THEIR EASY REMOVAL FROM THE FEET."
The object of this Invention is the manufacture and employment of steel or
other strips of material, preferably springy, in the front to the sides, or one of them
only, or at the back of a boot, so that that part may be easily opened for the
insertion and removal of the foot, and be closed to assist in retaining the boot in
position without inconvenience, and without exercising any restrictive action on
the motion of the foot.
The Invention permits of much neater appearance being given to the boot when
in wear, and enables laces, buttons, and other unsightly attachments to be dispensed
with.
For the purposes of my Invention I form, shape, and temper strips of metal,
preferably of a springy character, and joint them at one end, so that the two strips
can approach and overlap on pressure being applied.
The strips may have springs attached to hold them in an open and in a closed
condition, or in one position only.
I cover the strips with leather or a fabric, and I fasten them to a boot, either by
sewing, stitching, or rivetting them in or on the edges of a slit portion.
To the upper part of the two strips, in some cases, I attach a loop or catch,
which permits an amount of yield or free action to follow certain movements of
the foot, such as that produced from kneeling, or from the thrust forward of the
body in walking.
The strips are shaped to conform somewhat to that part of the foot in which
they are to be fitted in the boot, and in some cases certain parts of the strips
would be corrugated or fluted to produce strength, without increasing the thickness
at the part or parts where such would be required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATCHES, MORE ESPECIALLY IN THOSE KNOWN AS KEYLESS WATCHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Aspinall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1881.
HERBERT ASPINALL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATCHES, MORE ESPECIALLY IN THOSE KNOWN AS KEYLESS WATCHES."
The object of this Invention is to avoid a quantity of friction when the watch is
being wound up by pivoting the shaft of the wheel that is driven by the wheel
that is on the pendant shaft so that it shall fit into holes in the watch plate. And
with this system further advantages are gained, one is that if the main spring
breaks the barrel, not being one with the great wheel, may revolve and thus keep
the great wheel from the risk of straining its teeth or those of the pinion it gears
into. This system of barrel may be used with the aforesaid advantage in a watch
that is wound up with a key. Another advantage to keyless watches caused by
this system is that the machinery that is required to set the hands only moves
when put into action for that purpose.
The wheel on the pendant shaft for the purpose of winding the watch gears into
teeth cut on the edge of the main spring barrel, which barrel is rivetted onto a
pivoted and polished shaft. The pivots fit into holes in the watch plates and the
shaft into the arbor, which is one with the great wheel. When the watch is being
wound up the barrel revolves on the pivots the shaft turning in the arbor, the
arbor and great wheel revolving on the shaft when the watch is going. There is a
lever acting obliquely which has on it a wheel acting horizontally and that catches
on the shaft side of the pendant wheel, so that when the button is pulled the wheel
on the lever is brought into gear with the minute wheel and the wheel on the
pendant shaft.
In some cases I use an intermediate wheel between the wheel on the barrel and
the pendant wheel so as to admit of the watch being made of less diameter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STRIKING MECHANISM FOR CLOCKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1881. A communication
from abroad by Olans Olsen Lövaas, of Moss, Norway.
JASPER WETTER, of New Wandsworth, Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRIKING
MECHANISM FOR CLOCKS." A communication from abroad by Olans Olsen Lövaas,
of Moss, Norway.
This Invention relates to striking mechanism in clocks, and has for its object to
simplify their construction and thereby render them cheaper.
The improvements also tend to diminish friction between the parts of the work,
and to make striking works more durable, this latter result being obtained by
means of a driving wheel made to revolve only twice on its axis in 24 hours. This
improved construction of striking mechanism acts as follows:-
-
When the clock is going to strike, a pin attached to the minute tube depresses
one arm of a two-armed lever, which raises at its other end another lever.
Thereby the pin, for stopping the division dial of the work, is caused to release
the dial and the driving wheel begins to revolve, moved by a weight or a spring.
The toothed driving wheel moves an anchor which is connected with a lever arm
and causes the hammer to strike the bell, this hammer being a kind of pendulum
which moves on its axis. Another arm is connected with the hammer so as to
participate in its movements, and is provided with a pin which stops the hammer
as soon as the division dial is stopped by the first stop pin falling into one of its
circumferential notches.
The hammer while resting is kept
with more force when set at liberty.
and therefore the hammer strikes 78
dial is divided into 12 parts.
suspended at a certain height so as to strike
The driving wheel is provided with 78 teeth,
times during each revolution. The division