A NEW OR IMPROVED FIBROUS PAPER PULP AND APPARATUS FOR THE " FOR THE TREATMENT OF TAN OR SPENT BARK IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE SAID PULP
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Broad, of 4 and 5, Cross Street, Finsbury
Place, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "A NEW OR IMPROVED FIBROUS PAPER PULP AND APPARATUS FOR THE
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Broad at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th July 1871.
I, JOSEPH BROAD, of 4 and 5, Cross Street, Finsbury Place, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FIBROUS PAPER PULP AND APPARATUS
FOR THE TREATMENT OF TAN OR SPENT BARK IN ORDER TO OBTAIN THE SAID PULP,"
to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in taking tan or the spent bark to be obtained
from tanners and so treating it that thereby it becomes a fibrous pulp
capable of being used in the manufacture of paper, cardboards, or other
purposes for which paper pulp is or may be applied.

page_text: The tan or spent bark is placed in a rotatory steam boiler, or steam
boiler mounted upon trunnions so as to be capable of being revolved.
The exact quantity placed in the boiler is determined by the size of the
boiler. The boiler contains a solution of caustic soda, wood ash, and
blue lias lime concentrated with spirits of salts, and the action of
these agents in connection with the use of steam at a pressure of
about fifty pounds when continued for such a length of time as may
be determined by the nature of the material under treatment, separates
the gummy and soluble parts and leaves the fibrous parts in some cases
in suitable condition for the manufacture of fibrous pulp when treated
in the manner known to paper makers. It can also be bleached for
the manufacture of the finer and whiter kinds of paper.
In other cases when the fibres are found to adhere together in such a
way as to require mechanical treatment I employ a machine constructed
as follows: A main cylinder or roll supported in bearings in a suitable
framework is provided on its external surface with a number of sharp
edged projections, pins, or points, by preference of steel, and in con-
nection with this main cylindrical roll by means of bevel gearing
actuating their shafts or axles are two smaller cylindrical rolls also
furnished with the sharp edged projection, pins, or points.
The material to be operated upon is fed to the rolls by any mechanical
means, but by preference by an endless feed cloth, upon which the
material is carried forward to two rolls one placed upon the other, and
the top one is provided with weights so as thereby to adjust the grip
of these rolls upon the material to be operated upon; the office of these
rolls being to hold or retain the material until it has been acted upon
by the points on main cylinder. This having been done it is next
carried upwards to the second pair of rolls, those with the points, and
by its passage between these rolls and the main cylindrical roll the
| separating action is completed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Broad in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
BROAD, of Nos. 4 and 5, Cross Street, in the County of Middlesex, 3
Gentleman, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Broad, Her special licence,
that I, the said Joseph Broad, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Joseph Broad, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,.
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FIBROUS PAPER
PULP AND APPARATUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TAN OR SPENT BARK IN ORDER TO
OBTAIN THE SAID PULP," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Joseph Broad, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Broad, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This Invention consists in taking tan or the spent bark to be obtained
from tanners, and so treating it that thereby it becomes a fibrous pulp
capable of being used in the manufacture of paper, cardboards, or for
any other purposes for which paper pulp is or may be applied.
The tan or spent bark is placed in a rotatory steam boiler or steam
boiler mounted upon trunnions so as to be capable of being revolved.
The exact quantity placed in the boiler is determined by the size of the
boiler. To the tan is then admitted boiling water in quantity just
sufficient to cover the tan; steam is then admitted, the pressure of
which is not less than sixty pounds. The tan is subjected to this
treatment of high-pressure steaming for about two hours; the water is
then withdrawn and the tan is well rinsed with hot water. A solution
previously prepared of caustic soda or of wood ash in the proportion
of about two hundredweight of caustic soda or wood ash to the ton of

page_text: tan is then admitted to the boiler, and the use of the high-pressure
steam at a pressure varying from sixty to one hundred pounds or more
is then continued, and I find that the higher the pressure I can obtain
the better is the result given. This treatment is continued for such a
length of time as may be determined by the nature of the material
under treatment. This separates the gummy and soluble parts and
leaves the fibrous parts in some cases in suitable condition for the
manufacture of fibrous pulp when treated in the manner known to
paper makers.
I do not confine myself to the exact proportions of the chemicals
composing the solution, and may vary these proportions in accordance
with the state or condition of the tan under treatment, but find in
most cases that in the proportions above named the solution is most
efficient in action. The tan thus treated can also be bleached for the
manufacture of the finer and whiter kinds of paper.
By reference to the Drawing accompanying this Specification it will
be seen that Figures 1 and 2 represent the form of boiler I prefer to use,
though I do not confine myself to the exact arrangement thereof as
shewn.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, and Figure 2 a trans-
verse section of this boiler. Man-hole doors a, a, are provided for the
purpose of admitting and withdrawing the tan, and the pipe for the
admission of the steam is marked b. The boiler is mounted upon
the trunnion bearings c and is revolved by toothed gearing, as shewn,
or by any other suitable arrangement to effect that purpose. A tap d
is provided for withdrawal of the water, and in some cases I employ a
strainer e, as shewn in Figure I., for use when withdrawing the water.
I propose, if necessary, to employ a central shaft ƒ carrying arms or
agitators g for the purpose of keeping in motion and minutely dividing
or separating the fibre. This shaft may be rotated in a contrary
direction to the motion of boiler, and its rotation may be effected
by belting and pulleys, or by toothed gearing, or by other suitable
means.
In cases where the fibres are found to adhere together in such a way
as to require mechanical treatment I employ a machine constructed as
follows. (See Figures 3 and 4 in the Drawing. Figure 3 being an
end and Figure 4 a longitudinal clevation of this machine.) :-A main
cylinder, drum, or roll / supported in bearings in a suitable framework

page_text: is provided on its external surface with a number of sharp edged pro-
jections, pins, or points, as shown, and by preference these points are
of steel. In connection with this main cylindrical roll h by means of
toothed or other gearing or an overhead motion (as shewn in the
Drawing) actuating their shafts or axles are two smaller cylindrical
rolls i, i, also furnished with the sharp edged projections, pins, or points.
I sometimes employ a third roll i.
The material to be operated upon is when in a half dry state fed to
the rolls by any mechanical means, but by preference by an endless
feed cloth, upon which the material is carried forward to two rolls 1, 1,
one placed upon the other, and the top one is provided with weights
or other arrangement so as thereby to adjust the grip of these rolls upon
the material to be operated upon; the office of these rolls 1, 1, being to
hold or retain the material until it has been acted upon by the points
on main cylinder h. This having been done it is next carried upwards
to the second pair of rolls, those with the points, and by its passage
between these rolls and the main cylindrical roll the separating action
is completed, and the pulp is then ready for the beating engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
I wish it to be clearly understood that what I claim is, the manufacture
of a fibrous paper pulp from tan or spent bark by treating the said bark
in the manner described in this Specification or in the accompanying
Drawings illustrated.
And I claim also the means and process, also as herein described or
in the said Drawings illustrated by which such treatment is effected.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Broad, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
TONDDH BROAD (ro)