A Improvements relating to the Twisting of Yarns and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th June, 1893-Accepted, 8th July, 1893
COMILELE SI A
Improvements relating to the Twisting of Yarns and to Apparatus
therefor.
I, ALFRED GRUSCHWITZ, of Neusalz on the Oder, Silesia, in the Empire of
Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a method of twisting yarns of flax, hemp jute or similar
textile fibre and to apparatus therefor. By this method I achieve a considerable
simplification of the entire twisting operation and particularly of the twisting
frame.
In order to produce a good twine according to the customary method the yarn,
after it had left the spinning frame, had to be reeled, dried and spooled, whereupon
the threads from two or more spools were then combined in the twisting frame to
form a single thread and wound upon a spool. In this case the threads passed from
the yarn spools to the spool of the twisting spindle in the downward direction.
The twine coming from the twisting frame, if it was twisted in the wet state, had
now to be reeled and dried again. The method hitherto employed therefore
necessitated much time and work and was consequently expensive.
According to the improved method the yarn, after it has come from the spinning
frame, is first doubled and wound without turning upon a spool. The doubled yarn is
then twisted by sliding the spool with the doubled yarn in the twisting frame
below on to a twisting spindle and, while twisting the yarn, winding it above, on to
spools or reeling cylinders, the drying being effected at the same time if desired,
whereas according to the customary method, as above stated, the single yarn
threads were drawn off downwards by separate spools on the twisting frame and
were wound below upon the twine spool by means of a leaf or ring, the twisting
being effected at the same time.
In carrying the improved method into practice I use a twisting frame arranged
as shown in Figure 1 or Figure 2 of the accompanying drawing. The twisting
spindles a are arranged at the lower part of the twisting frame and loosely hold
the spools with doubled yarn, of which the doubled threads, while the twisting
takes place, pass upwards through eyes B and are wound upon spools C, as shown
In the arrange-
in Figure 1, or upon reeling cylinders C' as shown in Figure 2.
ment represented in Figure 1 the twine, after it has left the eye B, passes round
two guide rollers m and m' through a guide eye n to the spool C. A slow upward
and downward movement is imparted to the guide eye in the well known manner
by the lever o and the eccentric disc o'. In the arrangement shown in Figure 2
the twine passes from the eye B directly upon the reeling cylinder C₁, which
consists of two halves connected with each other by means of a toothed wheel and
a rack, to enable the diameter of the cylinder to be diminished by pushing its two
halves closer together for taking off the twine.
The arrangement of the twisting spindles is shown in Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6
which represent a vertical section, two elevations and a horizontal section of such
a spindle.
The spindle consists of the steel shaft a supported by its lower part in the
bearing e secured to a cross beam b of the frame. Directly above the bearing c
the shaft a carries the driving cord pulley d and the disc f. To the latter is fixed the
cylindrical casing 9 which has the same height as the spool loosely slid upon the
upper end of the shaft a and resting upon the disc f, upon this spool being wound
the doubled yarn.
The casing a possesses an opening g* extending from the top
to the bottom and the lateral edges g' of which are of convex shape, as shown in

page_text: Figure 4. At an angle of from about 90 to 130 degrees to this opening 9* I
provide in the periphery of the casing 9 in the middle of the latter an eye g² of
porcelain or like material, through which the doubled thread wound from the
spool h and moving through the opening 9* is drawn into the casing, Figures 3, 5
and 6. From this eye g² the thread passes in the interior of the casing 9 upwards
over the edge of the spool h through a wire eye B to the spool C or to the reeling
cylinder C.
The spindle with the casing 9 is set in rapid rotation by the driving pulley D
and a cord passing round the pulley d, whereby the doubled thread is drawn from
the spool and twisted together.
As the doubled thread is drawn from the spool / it is properly guided by the
convex edge bounding the outlet opening gx, which enables the thread to be wound
off in a proper state with equal facility from the middle, upper and lower part of
the spool h. If the thread were to run from the spool directly through an eye, as
is the case with the leaf, it would, on being drawn from the upper and lower end
of the spool, slide upon the same a certain distance, thus become rough and
disarrange the winding of the spool.
As shown in Figure 7 the casing 9 with the opening g* may also be made of
small rods, the two rods g' which bound the opening 9* being made of convex
shape.
In order that the twine, if it passes to the twisting frame in the wet state, and is
wound not upon spools, but as above stated directly upon reeling cylinders, may be
dried at the same time, a heating tube E is arranged below the reeling cylinder.
In this manner the twine will be completely finished on leaving the twisting frame
and may without any further reeling and drying be subjected to further treatment,
such as dyeing and the like.
By this very simple arrangement of the twisting frame I am enabled to dispense
with the guide rollers generally used for the several threads, the device for raising
and lowering the bobbin frame and the brake apparatus which has to be continually
adjusted for the twine spools.
It will be understood that the improved twisting frame may be either a single or
double frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
First. A method of twisting yarn of flax, hemp, jute or similar textile fibres,
characterized by bringing the yarn in the doubled state upon the twisting frame
and twisting it in such a manner by means of a cylinder spindle on which the spool
of doubled thread is loosely carried, that, while the doubled thread turns with the
spindle and spool it is drawn off upwards and wound upon spools or reeling
cylinders, the thread being if desired submitted to a drying operation, so that the
twine may be further treated directly as it comes from the twisting frame without
any more drying or reeling.
Second. For carrying out the method described in the first claim, a spindle
having the yarn spool loosely carried thereon the yarn being drawn off upwards
over a vertical convex guide g¹ turning with the spindle, which constitutes an
opening in a cylinder surrounding the spool or a rod bent to a convex shape, and
then through an eye g² arranged at an angle of about from 90 to 130 degrees
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.