IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FOR WEAVING
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS. PATENT. to James Leeming, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, and John Carter Ramsden, of the same Place,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN Looms FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 30th March 1858, and dated the 5th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Leeming and John
Carter Ramsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th January 1858.
We, JAMES LEEMING, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
and JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN, of the same Place, Manufacturer, do hereby
déclare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate, firstly, to the peculiar adaptation of a scroll plate
for the purpose of governing or regulating the different changes in the work-
ing of healds or needles to produce different styles of weaving, or different
crossings in the warp alternately in the same piece, such as twill and plain,
satteen and plain, gauze and plain, and a variety of other styles too numerous
to mention, but which are well understood by the practical weaver.
have been frequent attempts made to produce some kind of self-acting
mechanism to ensure a correct pattern being woven without depending upon
the attention of the weaver, the nearest approach to which is a pattern wheel
D971
There

page_text: described in the Specification of a Patent granted to the said John Carter
Ramsden, dated the Thirtieth day of March One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three, No. 765; but this pattern wheel is found to have one great defect,
namely, being limited in its extent to one. revolution, that is, when it has
revolved once round, the pattern must be completed, whereas in our improved
scroll plate, we can go to any length of pattern according to the number of
circuits of the scroll or rim we have on the surface of the plate (the scroll or
rim may be placed upon cach side of the plate, so as to operate upon two
levers if necessary). The pattern can be completed when the scroll plate has
revolved once, twice, or thrice round, or it can be extended to an indefinite
length according to the number of scrolls or rims upon the plate and in
operation. Betwixt each scroll or rim the plate is divided into one hundred
and twenty parts or divisions; any other even number will do, but we prefer
one hundred and twenty as it divides the best. Each part serves for two picks
and into each or any part a stud or pin can be inserted, which operates upon
a leyer, which lever by connecting rods and other levers can be made to
operate either upon tappets or cams, so as to slide them in and out of contact
with their respective treddles, or it may be made to operate upon the catches
of a heald engine, so as to cause them at the proper time to change from the
cards or lags punched or pegged for one style of weaving on to those punched
or pegged for another style. It may also be made to operate upon the tread-
ing or other rods, so as to lock or unlock them to produce the different styles
required, or it may be made to disconnect the rods from the treddles, so as to
weave gauze and plain. And in cases where gauze and other kinds of cross
weaving are woven by needles instead of healds, or in conjunction with healds
it may in itself cause the necessary vibration, either at regular or irregular
intervals, or it may cause the tappets or "wipers" (or whatever contrivance
may be used to give the vibrating motion to the needles) to be operative "or
inoperative at pleasure. When the jacquard apparatus is employed, in which
each card and each side of the cylinder is perforated with two or more rows of
holes, the said lever can be made either to draw the cylinder, so that each row
of holes will come into operation upon the needles when required, or it can be
made to draw the needles opposite the holes, and in each and every such case
the scroll plate is perfectly self-acting; it can be placed in any convenient part
of the loom, and may be worked either from the crank or the tappet shaft; it is
fixed on a short shaft along with a spur wheel, which wheel is worked by a
worm fixed to one end of a short shaft, and on the other end of this shaft is
fixed a bevil wheel which gears into another bevil wheel keyed either on the
Crank or tappet shaft, and by means of an upright lever one end of which is

page_text: brought up to the breast beam, the scroll plate can be instantaneously stopped
if necessary on account of mis-weaving, or any other cause.
..
Secondly, to the peculiar adaptation of a scroll plate for- governing or regu-
lating the picking motion in power looms, when it is required to pick twice,
and once from each side alternately, or in some definite order when the pick-
ing tappets or "picking noses" may either be slided on the picking shaft so as
to be alternately moved in or out of contact with their respective. "picking
cones," or the "picking cones" may be alternately moved out of contact with
their respective picking tappets or picking noses. The scroll plate and lever
of
in this case are precisely as described in the first part our improvements,
and it will be readily understood, that the motion imparted to the lever by the
studs or pins inserted in the scroll plate, can through connecting rods and
other levers be the means of either drawing the picking tappets or noses out
of contact with the picking cones, or of moving the picking cones out of
contact with their respective picking tappets or noses.
Thirdly, to an improved and peculiar method of propelling the shuttles
through the shed, or across the lathe by means of india-rubber springs. In this
case we dispense entirely with the ordinary picking tappets, picking shafts,
picking cones, and picking sticks; one end of an india-rubber spring is attached
to each picker, the other ends of the said springs being attached to the lathe
swords.
When the pickers are pulled back to the end of the shuttle box, the india-
rubber springs are at full stretch, so that if either of the pickers are suddenly
let go, the india-rubber will recover itself, and. thereby propel the shuttle
across the lathe; and to pull back the pickers; and let them suddenly go again
at the proper time, a small lever is attached to each end of the lathe (or bowls
or pulleys may be employed); to one end of each lever is fastened a cord or
strap, the other ends of the cords or straps being fastened to each picker. Two
levers, which work on studs fixed at the fulcrum of the lathe swords, come up
to the underside of the lathe, and work in a grate; each of these levers are
connected to the short levers fixed on each end of the lathe. A short shaft,
which takes its motion by means of bevil gearings, either from the crank or
tappet shaft projects between the two levers at the fulcrum of the lathe sword,
and on this shaft is placed a bowl or pulley having a recess cut in it; the said
bowl or pulley is placed betwixt the two levers which go up to the underside
of, the lathe, which serves to keep the pickers back, and the india-rubber
springs at stretch, except when the recess comes opposite to one of the levers,
when that picker is suddenly let go, and thereby the india-rubber propels the
shuttle across the lathe. In the ordinary picking of the loom, that is, once

page_text: from each side alternately, the bowl or pulley has only one recess cut in it
and revolves once every two picks, by which the recess is first opposite one
lever, then opposite the other; but in cases where it is required to pick twice
from each side alternately, the bowl or pulley must be made to revolve once
in four picks, and have two recesses cut in it.
Fourthly, to an improved plan or method of actuating rotating or
revolving shuttle boxes. This part of our Invention is an improvement upon
Letters Patent granted to the said John Carter Ramsden for "Improvements
in Apparatus or the Mechanism of Looms for Weaving a certain Class of Plaids,
Checks, and Fancy Woven Fabrics," dated the First day of December One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, No. 2844. In this case we propose to
actuate the shuttle box, by means of catches or drawers which are jointed
to levers, and project upwards from the fulcrum of the lathe swords on the
axis of the shuttle box: or in communication therewith we place a wheel or
circular plate having pins inserted, and the catches or drawers are made at
the proper time to lay hold of the said pins, and cause the wheel or circular
plate into which the said pins are inserted to make a certain portion of a
revolution according to the number of compartments or shuttles it is necessary
to move or skip. The said catches or drawers are made one to operate upon
one side of the wheel or circular plate and the other upon the other side,
therefore it necessarily follows that when one is in operation, it will cause the
box to revolve one way round, and when the other is in operation it will cause
the shuttle box to revolve the other way round. We propose to actuate the
said catches or drawers by means of a chain composed of two sets of tappets
or "wipers" of different heights or elevations, according to the number of
compartments or shuttles required to be moved or skipped at once, that is to
say, when it is required to weave a pattern in which the shuttles can be so
arranged in the shuttle box, that they follow one another in rotation, then a
tappet chain composed of tappets or wipers of one height or elevation will be
sufficient to actuate the catches or drawers, by having only in this case to
draw from one peg or pin to another; but when it is necessary that the shuttle
box must move so as to skip a shuttle, for example, moving from the first com-
partment or shuttle to the third, there will then require two different heights
or elevations of tappets inserted according as the shuttle box is required to
move from one compartment to the next, or to skip a compartment, and so on
according to the number of the compartments it is requisite to skip. The
tappet chain in this case is actuated in a similar manner to the one described
in the Specification of the Letters Patent above referred to.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Leeming and John Carter Ramsden in the Great Sea!
Patent Office on the 5th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
LEEMING, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine Maker, and JOHN
CARTER RAMSDEN, of the same Place, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Leeming and John Carter Ramsden, Her special licence that we,
the said James Leeming and John Carter Ramsden, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others, as we, the said James Leeming and
John Carter Ramsden, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IL-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said James Leeming and John Carter Ramsden, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Leeming and John Carter
Ramsden, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our improvements relate, firstly, to the peculiar adaptation of a scroll plate
for the purpose of governing or regulating the different changes in the working
of healds or needles, to produce different styles of weaving, or different cross-
ings in the warp alternately in the same piece, such as twill and plain,
sateen and plain, gauze and plain, and a variety of other styles too numerous
to mention, but which are well understood by the practical weaver. There
have been frequent attempts made to produce some kind of self-acting
mechanism to ensure a correct pattern being woven, without depending upon

page_text: the attention of the weaver; the nearest approach to which is a pattern wheel.
described in the Specification, of a Patent granted to the said John Carter
Ramsden, dated the Thirtieth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-three, No. 765, but this pattern wheel is found to have one great defect,
namely, being limited in extent to one revolution, that is, when it has revolved
once round the pattern must be completed, whereas in our improved scroll
plate we can go to any length of pattern according to the number of circuits
of the scroll or rim we have on the surface of the plate (the scroll or rim
may be placed on each side of the plate, so as to operate upon two levers, if
necessary); the pattern can be completed when the scroll plate has revolved
once, twice, or thrice round, or it can be extended to an indefinite length
'according to the number of scrolls or rims upon the plate, and in operation
betwixt each scroll or rim. The plate is divided into one hundred and twenty
parts or divisions, yet any other even number will do, but we prefer one hun-
dred and twenty, as it divides the best. Each part serves for two picks, and
into each or any part a stud or pin can be inserted which operates upon a
lever; which lever, by connecting rods and other levers, can be made to
operate either upon tappets or cams, so as to slide them in and out of contact
with their respective treddles, or it may be made to operate upon the catches
of a heald engine, so as to cause them at the proper time to change from the
cards or lags punched or pegged for one style of weaving on to those punched
or pegged for another style. It may also be made to operate upon the
treading or other rods, so as to lock or unlock them to produce the different
styles required, or it may be made to disconnect the rods from the treddles, so
as to weave gauze and plain. And in cases where gauze and other kinds of
cross weaving are woven by needles instead of healds, or in conjunction with
healds, it may in itself cause the necessary vibration either at regular or
irregular intervals, or it may cause the tappets or wipers (or whatever con-
trivance may be used to give the vibrating motion to the needles) to be
When the jacquard apparatus is
operative or inoperative at pleasure.
employed, in which each card and each side of the cylinder is perforated with
two or more rows of holes, the said lever can be made either to draw the
cylinder, so that each row of holes will come into operation upon the needles
when required, or it can be made to draw the needles opposite the holes, and
in each and every such case the scroll plate is perfectly self-acting; it can be
placed in any convenient part of the loom, and may be worked either from the
crank or the tappet shaft. It is fixed on a short shaft along with a spur
wheel, which wheel is worked by a worm fixed to one end of another short

page_text: shaft, and on the other end of this shaft is fixed a bevil wheel which gears
into another bevil wheel, keyed either on the crank or tappet shaft and by
means of an upright lever, one end of which is brought up to the breast beam,
the scroll plate can be instantaneously stopped, if necessary, on account of mis-
weaving or any other cause."
Secondly, to the peculiar adaptation of a scroll plate for governing or
regulating the picking motion in power looms when it is required to pick twice
and once from each side alternately, or in some definite order, when the
picking tappets or "picking noses" may either be slided on the picking shaft
so as to be alternately moved in or out of contact with their respective
"picking cones," or the picking cones may be alternately moved out of contact
with their respective picking' tappets or picking noses. The scroll plate and
lever in this case are precisely as described in the first part of our improve-
ments, and it will be readily understood that the motion imparted to the lever
by the studs and pins inserted in the scroll plate, can through connecting rods
and other levers be the means either of drawing the picking tappets or noses
out of contact with the picking cones, or of moving the picking cones out of
contact with their respective picking tappets or noses.
Thirdly, to an improved and peculiar method of propelling the shuttles
through the shed or across the lathe by means of india-rubber springs. In this
case we dispense entirely with the ordinary picking tappets, picking shafts
picking cones, and picking sticks; one end of an india-rubber spring is attached
to each of the pickers, the other ends of the said springs being attached to the
lathe swords. When the pickers are pulled back to the end of the shuttle
box, the india-rubber springs are at full stretch, so that either of the pickers
are suddenly let go, the india-rubber will recover itself, and thereby propel the
shuttle across the lathe; and to pull back the pickers and let them suddenly go
again at the proper time, a small lever is attached to each end of the lathe
(or bowls or pullies may be employed). To one end of each lever is fastened
a cord or strap, the other end of the cords or straps being fastened to each
picker. Two levers which work on studs fixed at the fulcrum of the lathe
swords, come up to the underside of the lathe and work in a grate; each of
these levers are connected to the short levers fixed on each end of the lathe.' 'A
short shaft which takes its motion by means of bevil gearing either from the
crank or tappet shaft, projects between the two levers at the fulcrum of the
lathe sword, and on this shaft is placed a bowl or pulley having a recess cut in
t; the said bowl or pulley is placed betwixt the two levers which go up to the
underside of the lathe, which serves to keep the pickers back and the india-
rubber springs at stretch, except when the recess comes opposite to one of the

page_text: levers, when that picker is suddenly let go, and thereby the india-rubber
propels the shuttle across the lathe. In the ordinary picking of the loom, that
is, once from each side alternately, this bowl or pulley has only ons recess cut in
it, and revolves once every two picks, by which the recess is first opposite one
lever, then opposite the other; but in cases where it is required to pick twice
from each side alternately, the bowl or pulley must be made to revolve once in
four picks, and have two recesses cut in it.
Fourthly, to an improved plan or method of actuating rotating or revolving
shuttle boxes. This part of our Invention is an improvement upon Letters
Patent granted to the said John Carter Ramsden, for "Improvements in
Apparatus or the Mechanism of Looms for Weaving a certain Class of Plaids,
Checks, and Fancy Woven Fabrics," dated the First day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, No. 2844. In this case we propose
to actuate the shuttle box by means of catches or drawers, which are jointed to
levers, and project upwards from the fulcrum of the lathe swords. On the
axis of the shuttle box or in communication therewith, we place a wheel or
circular plate, having pins inserted, and the catches or drawers are made at
the proper time to lay hold of the said pins, and cause the wheel or circular
plate into which the said pins are inserted to make a certain portion of a
revolution according to the number of compartments or shuttles it is necessary
to move or skip. The said catches or drawers are made one to operate upon
one side of the wheel or circular plate and the other upon the other side,
therefore it necessarily follows that when one is in operation it will cause the
shuttle box to revolve one way round, and when the other is in operation it
will cause the shuttle box to revolve the other way round. We propose to
actuate the said catches or drawers by means of a chain composed of two sets
of tappets or "wipers" of different heights or elevations. according to the
number of compartments or shuttles required to be moved or skipped at once,
that is to say, when it is required to weave a pattern in which the shuttles
can be so arranged in the shuttle box that they follow one another in
rotation, then a tappet chain composed of tappets or wipers of one height
or elevation, will be sufficient to actuate the catches or drawers, they having
only in this case to draw from one peg or pin to another; but when it is
necessary for the shuttle box to move so as to skip a shuttle, for example,
moving from the first compartment or shuttle to the third, there will then
require two different heights or elevations of tappets inserted according as
the shuttle box is required to move from one compartment to the next, or
to skip a compartment, and so on according to the number of compart-
ments it is required to skip.
The tappet chain in this case is actuated in a

page_text: similar manner to the one described in the Specification of the Letters Patent
above referred to.
Having thus particularly described the nature of our said Invention, we
will now proceed to describe more particularly the manner in which the same
is to be performed, reference being had to the three Sheets of Drawings
annexed hereto, premising that the same letters and figures of reference are
employed to denote similar parts in each of the Figures upon the respective
Sheets of Drawings.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, shews a plan view of an ordinary power loom, with
modifications applied according to the first part of our improvements. Figs. 2
and 3 shew front elevations of our improvements, as arranged for the different
purposes required. Fig. 4 is a plan view of another of our improvements.
Figs. 5, 6, and 7, shew some of the parts separate.
.
A represents the main framing of a loom; B, the swing rail or fulcrum of
the lathe swords; C, C, the lathe swords; D, the tappet shaft; E, the plain
tredding tappets; these are similar to those in common use, except that instead
of being keyed fast to the tappet shaft D, they slide upon it on a fixed key
which carries them round. We have not shewn the tappets in operation upon
their respective treddles, nor have we shewn the twilling tappets, for a full
description of these reference must be made to the Specification of a Patent
granted to John Carter Ramsden for "Improvements in Looms for Weaving,"
dated 30th March 1853, No. 765. The boss of cach of the tredding tappets E
is provided with a groove e, into which the prongs of the levers F take, and by
which they are caused to slide backwards and forwards on the tappet shaft.
The levers F work upon the stud centres G, fixed to the framing of the loom.
Any ordinary mechanic would readily fix and connect these levers with upright
handles, by which the tappets or cams could be brought in and out of contact
with their respective treddles, but in practical use this is found to be disadvan-
tageous, as it depends entirely upon the weaver counting the number of picks
or shoots of weft betwixt each change to insure a correct pattern being woven.
To remedy this defect we apply our self-acting scroll plate H (either single or
double) underneath the loom. It is fixed on a short shaft I, along with the spur
wheel J; this shaft is supported in suitable bearings fixed to any convenient
part of the framing of the loom. The spur wheel J is worked by the worm L,
which is fixed on one end of the cross shaft K, and on the other end of this
shaft is keyed a bevil wheel M,, which gears into another bevil wheel m. Keyed
on to the tappet shaft N, are two levers with studs R, which take into the
grooves (one on each side) of the scroll plate. These levers work on double
joints attached to the back framing of the loom, so that they will move both

page_text: horizontally and vertically. Two rods O connect the levers F and N together,
therefore it will be obvious that any horizontal motion imparted to the said
levers N, will, through the connecting rods O, and the levers F, cause the
tappets E to slide upon the tappet shaft.
.
By reference to Figs. 6 and 7, it will be observed that the plate H has a
scroll rim on each side, and that betwixt each rim the plate is divided into
one hundred and twenty parts; each part serves for two picks, or it can be
made to move every pick, so that when the scroll plate has revolved once
the loom will have given one hundred and twenty or two hundred and forty
picks, as the case may be. At the time or place, where it is required
that one of the tappets E shall slide, a stud or swell is inserted into or affixed
in the groove on that side of the scroll plate next to the tappet required to be
slided, which in working round comes in contact with the stud R, and forces
out the lever N, and, as before observed, causes the tappet E to slide on its
shaft. The studs or swells inserted between the rims of the scroll plate can be
formed of different lengths, or extend to any number of divisions, according
to the number of picks the tappets are required to be in operation for, and
are not made so deep as to force the studs R completely out of the grooves
except when the pattern is completed, then the levers N will drop down and
commence again. The studs R, are kept up to the scroll plate by the springs
P. A fuller description and more complete Drawings, shewing the construc-
tion and manner we actuate this scroll plate, and cause the levers to drop and
commence again upon the completion of the pattern, will be found upon
referring to the Specification of a Patent granted to James Leeming, for
"Improvements in Looms for Weaving," and dated September 12th, 1857,
No. 2378.
Having shewn how we can impart regulated motion to the levers N. by
means of studs or swells inserted into the scroll plate, we will now shew how
we can apply that motion to the different purposes required. Fig. 2 is a front
elevation of the scroll plate H, the levers N, and the rods O, which are
precisely as shewn in Fig. 1. S are two elbow levers, which work on the
studs A fixed to the framing of the loom. The lower ends of these two-
levers are attached to the connecting rods O, and to the upper end of one of the
levers (they need not both be in operation unless required) is attached the cord
which comes down from the catches of the jacquard or heald engine, and as
the studs or swells in the scroll plate come into contact with the stud in the
lever N, the lower ends of the elbow levers S will be forced outward and the
other end forced downward, thereby causing a pulling down motion, which
reverses the action of the cylinder in the jacquard, or causes the lags of the

page_text: heald engine to change on to another style of weaving, as the case may be.
The common method of effecting these changes at present is by the weaver
pulling the string at the proper time.
given them, according as
The top ends of the levers T
tredding rods, so as to lock
Fig. 3 is a front elevation, same as Fig. 2, except that instead of having
elbow levers we here employ the upright levers T, which being hung about the
centre upon the studs A¹ have a vibrating motion
studs or swells are inserted into the scroll plate.
can readily be attached to the half moons or the
them or unlock them at pleasure, or they may be attached to the frames which
hold the needles in gauze or other fancy weaving, so as to give them a
vibrating motion either at regular or irregular intervals, according to any pre-
arranged pattern. This regulated vibrating motion can be applied with great
effect to a variety of other changes in fancy weaving, and which have now to
be accomplished by the weaver.
The second part of our Invention, as shewn at Fig. 4, relates to the
adaptation of a scroll plate to regulate or govern the order of picking in power
looms when it is required to vary from the ordinary method, that is, once from
each side alternately. In this case the scroll plate and levers are placed
precisely as shewn in Fig. 1, but instead of the tredding tappets E we place
the picking tappets V, which have recesses cut into their respective bosses,
and into which the prongs of the levers F take and cause them to slide at the
proper time.
It will be observed, by preference to Fig. 4 (which is a plan view)
that both the picking tappets V are ready to act upon their respective picking
cones W, therefore on one side or the other of the scroll plate there will
always have to be a stud or swell in operation, and by that means one of the
picking tappets will always be out of contact with its picking cone, while the
other is in operation. The picking tappets in this case have double noses
(a front view of which is shewn in Fig. 5). By a proper arrangement and
insertion of studs or swells in the scroll plate we can pick as often from each
side as required, either regularly or irregularly, or in any defined order.
The third part of our Invention relates to a method of propelling the
shuttles through the shed by means of india-rubber springs, thus dispensing
with the ordinary picking tappets, &c. Fig. 8 (Sheet 1) is a cross section of
a loom with our apparatus attached; and Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the
A is the framing of the loom, as in previous Figures; B, the swing
rail; C, the swords of the lathe; and C', the "hand rail" connecting the two
swords and forming the top frame for the reed; C3, the lathe bed or slayboard.
same.
is an india-rubber spring (one at each side of the loom) attached at one end
to the hand rail of the lathe by a moveable fixing b, so as to render it capable

page_text: of adjustment, the other end being affixed to the picker c; a cord or strap d is
also attached to the picker, which passes round and is attached at the other
end to a bowl or pulley e. Another cord d' is attached and passes around
another pulley e¹ fixed on the same spindle, thence to a lever f, which is hung
or suspended on a stud fixed in the rail c³ (which is attached to the lathe
and moves with it); g is a bowl or pulley, with a recess cut in it forming an
eccentric pulley or cam, which is placed betwixt and operates the two levers f;
the cam is fixed on the end of a short horizontal shaft h, geared by a pair of
bevil wheels to an upright shaft i, which gears by another pair of bevils to the
crank shaft of the loom. It will be seen that both pickers are now drawn
back, and the india-rubber springs distended, and that as the cam turns in the
direction of the arrow, each of the levers will alternately be suddenly released
by the friction rollers on their ends dropping into the recess of the pulley
or cam, and will consequently allow the india-rubber springs to recover them-
selves or contract, and thus propel the shuttles. It will also be seen that the
incline of the cam will be gradually forcing out one of the levers during one-
half or more of the revolution of the cam, thereby drawing back the picker
and distending the spring on one side of the loom whilst the other is making
the pick, &c.
The fourth part of our Invention relates to the actuating of rotating or
revolving shuttle boxes, and is an improvement upon the apparatus described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to the aforesaid John Carter Ramsden,
dated December 1st, 1856, No. 2844, for full particulars of which reference
must be had thereto.
Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings is intended to illustrate our present
improvements. Fig. 1 is an end elevation of a loom; and Fig. 2 is part of a
front elevation of the same, with the apparatus now employed by us attached.
A is the framing of the loom; k is the rotary shuttle box, on the axis of which
is affixed a plate b with six pins inserted forming a cog or pin wheel; m, n,
are two catches or drawers with three notches in each, which are attached to
drop rods m¹ and n¹, placed one on each side of the pin wheel, and extending
down to a point in a line with the centre of the pivots or fulcrum of the lathe,
where they are jointed to levers o, p, which hinge upon a stud near their
middle, and are jointed at their other ends to rods connecting them with
levers q, r, which are operated by a double chain of tappets or wipers & in a
similar manner as described in the Specification above referred to. 7' is a
lever to be operated by the foot for "easing" the rotary boxes or taking off
the pressure of the spiral spring when they are required to be turned by
hand.

page_text: Figs. 3 and 4 are full-sized views of the pin wheel e, which also forms
the holding and adjusting wheel to the shuttle boxes.
Fig. 5 is a full-size view of a catch or drawer m attached to a portion of a
drop rod m¹.
ede que
Fig. 6 is a half full-size view of an apparatus for separating the two drop
rods m', n', so that they may be drawn down without operating upon the
pin wheel, and thereby raising the levers q, r, for the purpose of changing or
removing the chain of tappets; t is a wedge-formed piece which slides on the
face of the rods m', n', and acts against pins 2 fixed in each rod when pressed
down by the hand lever n³, which is hinged to the loom frame at v, and which
by means of the pin on the wedge sliding in the slot on the lever when pressed
down to a catch takes hold on the pin in the wedge, thereby keeping the
Wath to d
catches m, n, out of gear or contact with the pin wheel.
Fig. 7 is a full-size view of a chain of tappets, as arranged on the pulley
which carries them; Fig. 8 is an edge view of the same, shewing the manner
of linking them together.
duri
Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12 are separate views of the different 'size' lifts or form
of tappets or "wipers" we employ, Fig. 9 being a blank, that is, having no
lift; Fig. 10 turns one box, Fig. 11 turns two, and Fig. 12 túrns three.
In arranging these tappet chains we must observe that a blank in one chain
is always required to be opposite a tappet or wiper in the other as both
catches m and n cannot operate at the same time. It will be readily under-
stood that if a tappet, as Fig. 10; or a one-box lift, be set to operate on the
levers q and o (at any given point of time), motion corresponding will be
given to the catch m, which will turn the shuttle boxes one box in that direc-
14.
tion. In like manner, if a tappet, as Fig. 12, acts on the levers and p; the
boxes will be turned three boxes in that direction by the catch'n.
It will be very obvious that these catches can in their operation upon
upon the
shuttle boxes be arranged either to draw down (as shewn in the Drawings
hereunto annexed) or reversed in their action, and made to force upwardsIn
this case they would have to be fastened to their respective "rods m¹¹; the
reverse way up to those shewn in the Drawings. And in some cases it is' not
necessary that the tappets or wipers with which we actuate "the catches or
isikud
drawers should be formed into a chain, namely, where jacquard apparatus or
heald engines are employed to govern the shedding of the warp. "Extra' needles
20, 920.
can be used to cause the said tappets or wipers to come into operation when
required. They are made to slide freely in two grates; one grate is attached
to each lever in connection with the said catches, and an eccentric or
n'eccentric for cam is
fixed on the tappet shaft, which works clear of the face of the grates, except

page_text: when a movement of the shuttle box is required, then one of the said
tappets or wipers is caused (by the jacquard apparatus or heald engine) to
slide up its respective grate; and thereby present itself to the eccentric or cam
on the tappet shaft, which on coming round acts on the tappet, whereby the
lever is forced back; and thereby causes one of the said catches to operate
upon the shuttle box, so that it makes a partial revolution one way or the
other, as the case may be, according to which of the said catches are in
operation; or...as they are made either to pull down or force up. The
quantity or extent. of motion imparted to the shuttle box is determined by
which of the different sizes of tappets or wipers is brought into operation, as
previously described.
The Drawings Sheet 3 will explain more clearly this method of actuating
the catches or drawers. Figure 1 is similar in its main feature to Fig. 1,
Sheet 2, but instead of the levers q, r, and rods connecting them to o, p, two
short levers or arms r, a¹, are hinged to o, p, near the fulcrum, each having a
grate or plate with three slots attached at the upper end.. In each of these
slots is a tappet or wiper y, fitted so as to be capable of sliding therein when
operated or lifted by a string from the jacquard apparatus or heald engine, by
which it is brought in contact with a cam or arm w, applied to the tredding
shaft which acts on the lever zor x¹, to the extent of the lift or size of the
tappet or wiper that is presented, and in like manner, as previously described,
turns the rotary boxes. The levers o, p, in this case are formed like a bell
crank, the armsu, u, serving to connect the levers x, x', together by spiral
springs, in such; manner that when a shuttle does not get properly into its
box, or by any other cause when the rotary boxes are not capable to move,
there may be no breakage. z are india-rubber springs, for supporting the
levers o, p.
Figs 2 and 3 are end elevations of Fig. 1, and Figs. 4 and 5
are full-sized views of one of the tappets or wipers y.
Having thus fully described the nature of our said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise_details_herein set
forth, as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof, but we claim as our Invention, and which to the best of our know:
ledge and, belief has not been hitherto used within the realm,—
Firstly, the use and application of a scroll plate, either single or double,
for the purpose of governing or regulating the changes in the shedding of the
warp
916
Secondly, the use, and application of a scroll plate, either single or double

page_text: Thirdly, the use and application of india-rubber springs for propelling the
shuttles.
Fourthly, the use and application to "rotary or revolving" shuttle boxes of
catches or drawers, when composed of more than one tooth, catch, or notch,
as herein-before described and referred to in the accompanying Drawings,
whatever be the means employed for imparting motion to such catches or
drawers.
And, fifthly, we claim the general arrangement and combination of the
mechanism and apparatus shewn in the several Sheets of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and herein-before described, for carrying out the various changes and
operations herein-before referred to.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Leeming and John Carter
Ramsden, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight.
JAMES LEEMING.
(L.S.)
Signed, scaled, and delivered by the
within-named James Leeming,
and John Carter Ramsden, in
the presence of
JOHN CARTER RAMSDEN. (L.S.)
W. TASKER, Patent Agent,
Halifax.