Water and Generating Steam.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct 1886
Complete Left, 7th July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 9th Aug., 1887.
Water and Generating Steam.
I, EBENEZER KEMP, of Linthouse Shipbuilding and Engineering Works, Govan,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this Invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
My said Invention relates to compound steam boilers, or apparatus for heating water
and generating steam of the kind described in my patent specification No. 5814
of 1885; and it comprises improvements in the construction and arrangements of
certain parts of such boilers or apparatus, my improved system as described in my
said earlier specification having proved so successful in practice as to warrant the
further development and extension of the system.
In carrying out my present Invention according to one modification I combine any
suitable form of high-temperature boiler, preferably a horizontal cylindrical boiler
with internal furnaces, combustion chambers, and return fire tubes, with a low-
temperature boiler or water heating apparatus consisting of several horizontal
cylinders provided each with a number of fire tubes, and arranged so that the fire
gases after passing through the tubes of the high-temperature boiler pass through the
tubes of each low-temperature cylinder in succession, whilst the water passes through
each low-temperature cylinder in succession but in the reverse order to that of the
passages of the fire gases. In a convenient modification of my improved arrange-
ments, the high-temperature boiler being of the kind hereinbefore indicated, I place
four low-temperature cylinders, in two pairs, above the high-temperature boiler with
the tubes parallel to those of the high-temperature boiler. At what may be termed
the front ends of the low-temperature cylinders there is constructed a casing which is
a continuation upwards of the smoke box of the high-temperature boiler, and which
is divided by partitions placed so as to cause the fire gases to pass from the smoke
box first through the tubes of one of the two lower low-temperature cylinders.
Casings with partitions are also provided at the back ends of the low-temperature
cylinders and are arranged so as to cause the fire gases which have passed through
the tubes of one of the lower cylinders to return through the tubes of the other lower

page_text: cylinder. The fire gases next pass up to and through the tubes of one of the upper
cylinders to the back and return through the tubes of the fourth cylinder, finally
passing to the uptake which is above the front ends of the cylinders. The water
supplied to the apparatus is by. means of suitable pipe connections made to pass
through the low-temperature cylinders, in such order as to be acted on by hotter fire
gases in each succeeding cylinder, with which arrangement the heat of the fire gases
is most advantageously utilised. After passing through the low temperature cylinders
the water is led through a suitable pipe and valve to the high-temperature boiler; and
the valve is by preference loaded in order to maintain a suitable pressure in the low-
temperature cylinders to prevent the formation of steam in them, the pressure being
in some cases made somewhat higher so as to make the boiling point higher than that
in the high-temperature boiler. In cases in which from various circumstances, con-
ditions, or requirements, the natural draught is not considered sufficient I employ
fan or other suitable blowing apparatus to aid the draught either by forcing air into
the furnaces or by exhausting the fire gases. In one arrangement which is convenient
for working with either natural or aided draught I divide the lower part of the uptake,
made of suitable width, by a vertical partition, and I apply a valve at the top which
can be placed so as to close the space on either side of the partition. On one side of
the partition I place an exhausting. fan with its central inlet made through the
partition, and when using the fan the valve at the top of the partition is set to close
the space into which the fire gases first enter and the fire gases are consequently
drawn through by the fan and pass up on the other side of the partition.
a
It will be obvious that the cylinders with fire-tubes composing the low-temperature
boilers may be varied in number and arrangement in different cases and that they may
be combined with various forms of high-temperature boilers. Thus in the case of a
tubular marine boiler with furnaces at both ends and a combustion chamber or
chambers at the middle there may be six low-temperature cylinders three being over
each end of the high-temperature boiler, the fire gases being led from the smoke boxes
at opposite ends through the tubes of the cylinders in succession so as to finally unite
at the middle at the bottom of the uptake. In some cases the low-temperature
cylinders or one or more of them may be placed in vertical or inclined positions and
they may be combined with high-temperature boilers made without tubes. Thus, in
the case of a high-temperature horizontal cylindrical boiler with one or more large
furnace tubes or flues passing completely through it the fire gases may be led from it
first up through a vertical low-temperature cylinder secondly through a horizontal
cylinder placed above the high-temperature boiler and thirdly through a vertical
cylinder placed at the lower end of the uptake. A similar arrangement of the low-
temperature cylinders can also be adopted with a tubular marine boiler.
Dated this Twentieth day of October 1886.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Compound Boilers or Apparatus for Heating
Water and Generating Steam.
I, EBENEZER KEMP, of Linthouse Shipbuilding and Engineering Works, Govan,
in the County of Renfrew, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performned, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to compound steam boilers, or apparatus for heating
water and generating steam, of the kind described in my Patent Specification
No. 5814 of 1885, and it comprises improvements in the construction and arrange-
ments of certain parts of such boilers or apparatus, my improved system, as described
in my said earlier Specification having proved so successful in practice as to warrant
its further development and extension.
In carrying out my present Invention, according to some modifications, I combine
any suitable form of high-temperature boiler, preferably a horizontal cylindrical boiler
having internal furnaces, combustion chambers, and return fire tubes, with a low-
temperature boiler or water-heating apparatus, consisting of several horizontal
cylinders provided each with a number of fire tubes, and arranged so that the fire
gases after passing through the tubes of the high-temperature boiler pass through the
tubes of each low-temperature cylinder in succession, whilst the water passes through
each low-temperature cylinder in succession but in the reverse order to that of the
passages of the fire gases.
Examples of my improved combinations are delineated on three accompanying
sheets of explanatory drawings, in which the same reference letters and numerals are
used to mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
In a first modification shown on sheet, 1, of the accompanying drawings, figure, 1,
being a sectional end elevation, and figure, 2, a vertical section as at right angles
to figure, 1, the high-temperature boiler, H T, being of the kind hereinbefore
indicated, with internal furnaces, 13, combustion chambers, 14, and return fire
tubes, 15, I place four low-temperature cylinders, LT1, LT2, LT3, L T 4, in two
pairs, above the high-temperature boiler, with their tubes, 16, parallel to those, 15, of
the high-temperature boiler. At what may be termed the front ends of the low-
temperature cylinders, LT, there is constructed a casing, 17, which is a continuation
upwards, of the smoke box, 18, of the high-temperature boiler, HT, and which is
divided by partitions placed so as to cause the fire gases to pass from the smoke
box, 18, first through the tubes, 16, of one, L T4, of the two lower low-temperature
cylinders. Casings, 19, with partitions are also provided at the back ends of the low-
temperature cylinders, L T, and are arranged so as to cause the fire gases which have
passed through the tubes of one, LT4, of the lower cylinders to return through the
tubes of the other lower cylinder, LT 3. The fire gases next pass up to and through
the tubes, 16, of one, L T 2, of the upper cylinders to the back casing, 19, and return

page_text: through the tubes of the remaining cylinder, L T 1, finally passing to the uptake, 20,
which is above the front ends of the cylinders, LT. The water supplied to the
apparatus is by means of suitable pipe connections (not shown) made to pass through
the low-temperature cylinders, LTI, LT2, LT3, LT 4, in such order as to be acted
on by hotter fire gases in each succeeding cylinder, with which arrangement the heat
of the fire gases is most advantageously utilised. After passing through the low-
temperature cylinders, LT, the water is led through a suitable pipe and valve to the
high-temperature boiler, H T; and the valve is by preference loaded in order to
maintain a suitable pressure in the low-temperature cylinders, LT, to prevent the
formation of steam in them, the pressure being in some cases made somewhat higher
so as to make the boiling point higher than that in the high-temperature boiler. The
casings, 17, 19, are provided with doors to give access for examining and cleaning the
tubes, 16, of the low-temperature cylinders, L T. Provision is also made for cleaning
these tubes, 16, by means of jets of steam directed into them from perforated roses or
jet orifices supplied by pipes, 21. Or the tubes, 16, may be cleaned by means of jets
of steam issuing from perforated pipes fitted or arranged so that they can be moved
from one row of tubes to another."
The fire gases after passing through the tubes, 16, of the low-pressure
cylinders, LT, will, in many cases, still possess a considérable amount of heat, and a
portion of this may be utilised in heating the air supplied to the furnaces. For this
purpose the air, propelled by a fan, 22, may be led by a duct, 23, to a set of tubes, 24,
arranged across the bottom of the uptake, 20. These tubes communicate with
casings, 25, 26, arranged so as to lead the air first through a portion of the tubes,
then back through another portion; and thence down by a duct, 27, to the furnaces.
It will be obvious that the cylinders, LT, with fire tubes, 16, composing the low-
temperature boilers may be varied in number and arrangement in different cases, and
that they may be combined with various forms of high-temperature boilers. Thus in
the case of a tubular marine boiler such as is shown in sectional end elevation, and
in longitudinal vertical section in figures, 3, and 4, on sheet, 2, of the drawings, with
furnaces, 13, at both ends, and a combustion chamber or chambers, 14, at the middle,
there may be six low-temperature cylinders, IT, three being over each end of the
high-temperature boiler, H T, the fire gases being led from the smoke boxes, 18, at
opposite ends through the tubes, 16, of the cylinders, L T, in succession, so as to
finally unite at the middle at the bottom of the uptake, 20.
The figures on sheet, 3, of the drawings are diagrams indicating some of the various
arrangements which may be adopted in carrying out my Invention. Figures, 5,
and 6, are sectional end and side elevations of an arrangement in which two double-
ended high-temperature boilers, HT, have combined with them six low-temperature
cylinders, LT, the latter being arranged like those shown in figures, 3, and 4, herein-
before described. Figures, 7, and 8, are similar views of an arrangement comprising
two single-ended high-temperature boilers, HT, and three low-temperature
cylinders, LT.
In some cases the low-temperature cylinders, LT, or one or more of them may be
placed in vertical or inclined positions, and they may be combined with high-
temperature boilers, H T, made without tubes. Figures, 9, and 10, are vertical
sections as at right angles to each other showing a tubular high-temperature
boiler, HT, having combined with it three low-temperature cylinders, LT, two of
which are placed vertically the other one being horizontal. Figures, 11, and 12, are
similar views of an arrangement in which the low-temperature cylinders, LT, are
placed as in figures, 9, and 10, whilst the high-temperature boiler, HT, one without!
horizontal return tubes, being made with large furnace tubes, 28, passing completely
through it and communicating at their back ends with a firebrick chamber, 29, and
through it with a vertical low-temperature cylinder, L T.
In cases in which from various circumstances, conditions, or requirements the
natural draught is not considered sufficient, I employ a fan, 22, or other suitable
blowing apparatus to aid the draught, either by forcing air into the furnaces, as
herein before described in connection with figures, 1, and 2, or by exhausting the fire

page_text: gases. In an arrangement which is exemplified in figures, 3, to 12, and which is
convenient for working with either natural or aided draught I divide the lower part
of the uptake, 20, made of suitable width by a vertical partition, 30, and I apply a
valve, 31, at the top which can be placed so as to close the space on either side of the
partition, 30. On one side of the partition, 30, I place an exhausting fan, 22, with
its central inlet made through the partition, and when using the fan the valve, 31, at
the top of the partition is set, as shown in figures, 4, 8, and 12, to close the space into
which the fire gases first enter; and the fire gases are consequently drawn through by
the fan, 22, and pass up on the other side of the partition, 30.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :―
1-Improved compound boilers or apparatus for heating water and generating
steam having the several parts arranged or combined substantially as hereinbefore
described.
2 Combining with a high-temperature steam-generating boiler two or more low-
temperature or water-heating cylinders provided with tubes for the passage of the
fire gases after these have acted in the high-temperature boiler, substantially as and
for the purposes herein before described.
3-Providing a loaded valve between low-temperature or water-heating apparatus,
and a high-temperature or steam-generating boiler, substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described.
4-The arrangement of the fan, partition, and valve in the uptake; and allowing
of the use of natural or aided draught, substantially as hereinbefore described.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.