IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE WRITERS AND IN MEANS FOR OBTAINING PRINTED COPIES THEREFROM
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, for
the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE WRITERS AND IN MEANS FOR
OBTAINING PRINTED COPIES THEREFROM." A cominunication from abroad by
George H. Morgan, of Alexandria, in the State of Virginia, United States of
America.
Sealed the 30th June 1876, and dated the 24th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1876.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE WRITERS
AND IN MEANS FOR OBTAINING PRINTED COPIES THEREFROM."
This Invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in type writers
and machinery for printing the complete text of any language composed of letters
without requiring to set up the type in a form, thereby obviating the use of
different fonts of free or separate type, the composing stick, the forms, and all the
paraphernalia of the printing office now in use.
The Invention by means of which the above result is accomplished consists,―
First. In a new and improved machine by means of which alphabetical characters
are printed with due regard to their difference in size and the space which they
occupy, that is, properly spaced or with proper spaces between the letters, or
between each word and between each line, and with mechanism so arranged that
the spaces between the letters, words, or lines, or either of them may be increased
or diminished as occasion requires at the will of the operator.
Also by means of which the different varities of type signs, numerals, and other
characters used in ordinary printing may be used without having to set up the
type in fixed forms before printing therefrom, the machine printing the required
letter, or series of letters, or other sign, directly upon the paper from adjustable
type carried on a wheel, the blow of the printing hammer or platen and the move-
ment or adjustment of the paper being effected by one and the same operation
through the instrumentality of mechanism moved by suitable power and operated
or controlled by finger keys.
Second. In certain new and improved methods of multiplying printed copies

page_text: without the aid of type set up in forms, and operated in connection with a printing
press. The types indicating a given character are carried by disc wheels which
are mounted adjustably in radial slots in a cylindrical carrier, a wire ring serving
as a common axle for all the type carriers.
The type carrier wheel is keyed to an axle, on which is fitted a cylinder having
longitudinal grooves corresponding with the discs or type carriers. These grooves
are covered by a casing, which serves to retain in place in the grooves a series of
sliding rods, the inner ends of which are chamfered to allow of levers mounted at
right angles thereto acting upon the rods, and thereby giving them a slight endway
motion. These rods are all mule of varying lengths in order that their inner ends
may respectively coincide with annular grooves turned in the periphery of the
cylinder at equal distances apart, which grooves provide access for the chamfered
ends of the levers before mentioned to the inner ends of the sliding rods. These
rods near their outer ends are furnished each with two notches, a portion of which
is chamfered for the purpose to be presently explained. The rods are furthermore
provided with springs for returning them to their normal position.
For depressing the levers which act upon the sliding rods keys or buttons are
provided to receive the pressure of the operator's fingers, cach key or button repre-
senting a letter or type of the series of type carriers. Rotary motion is imparted
to the cylinder which carries the sliding rods, and consequently to the wheel in
which the type carriers are mounted. As the cylinder rotates a lever depressed
by its key or button will come into contact with its underlying rod and cause that
rod to move endwise; the effect of this will be to draw the chamfered portions of
the notches near the opposite end of the rod into line with two levers, which drop
into the annular grooves with which those notches coincide; one of these levers is
connected indirectly with a pawle which works a ratchet wheel on an axle that
carries a worm for giving (through a rack bar) a lateral motion to the paper carrying
frame, this frame is furnished with a web of paper which is to receive the impression
from the types and which is unwound from its roller by the operator at the
completion of each line of printing through the action of a finger key. At the same
time the rack bar before mentioned is rocked in its bearings to bring it out of gear
with the worm and into gear with a spur pinion, which receives a constant rotary
motion for the purpose of returning the paper carrying frame to its normal position.
The second lever mentioned as acted upon by one of the chamfered notches of the
sliding rods serves to actuate a hammer or platten, which presses the paper on to
the inked type presented to it, and thereby an impression of the type is produced
upon the paper. A succession of operations, such as those just described, properly
controlled by the finger keys will produce words, and a lateral traverse of the
paper being effected without any other action at the end of each word will give
the requisite spacing between each word and sentence.
As a modification of the above-described mechanism the wheel to which the
type carriers are fitted is mounted on a separate axle, say, at right angles with that
of the cylinder, and the type carriers are each furnished with a spur pinion, which
pinions gear into a series of vertical racks that are capable of being raised and
depressed by the operator for the purpose of giving an axial motion simultaneously
to all the type carriers, and thus bringing into position for printing any change of
type desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent on the 24th July
1876.
"
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE WRITERS
AND IN MEANS FOR OBTAINING PRINTED COPIES THEREFROM.' Being a commi-
"

page_text: cation to me from abroad by George H. Morgan, of Alexandria, in the State of
Virginia, United States of America.
This Invention consists,-
First. In a new and improved machine by means of which alphabetical characters
are printed with due regard to their difference in size and the space which they
occupy, that is, properly spaced, or with proper spaces between the letters, or
between each word, and between each line, and with mechanism so arranged that
the spaces between the letters, words, or lines, or either of them, may be increased
or diminished, as occasion requires, at the will of the operator.
Also by means of which the different varieties of type, signs, materials, or other
characters employed in ordinary printing may be used without having to set up
the type in fixed forms before printing therefrom. The machine printing the
required letter, or series of letters, or other signs, directly upon the paper from
adjustable type carried on a wheel, the blow of the printing hammer or platen and
the movement or adjustment of the paper being effected by one and the same
operation through the instrumentality of imechanism moved by suitable power and
operated or controlled by finger keys.
Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings shows a machine embodying the improve-
ments in type writing machines, the machine thereby represented however does not
show all the keys necessary to print a complete alphabet, a suflicient number only
being shown to illustrate the Invention, the parts omitted being mere duplicates of
those shewn.
Sheet II. of the accompanying Drawings represents views of a complete working
machine, the parts of which are arranged somewhat differently from the machine
shown by Sheet I.
Referring to the Figures in Sheet I. of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a top plan view
of my improved type writing machine.
Fig. 2 is a plan view with the paper carrying and operating mechanism re-
moved.
Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view, with paper carrier removed.
Fig. is a side elevation of the paper carrier, and Fig. 5 is a front view of the
same.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, are detached views of the sliding rods.
Figures 11 and 12 are detached views of the key or cam rods.
Fig. 13 is a detached view of the cam lever for operating the paper carrier.
Fig. 14 is a detached view of the cam end of the lever for operating the
printing hammer.
Figures 15 and 16 show operating rods of modified forin.
Fig. 17 is a plan view of the type wheel.
Fig. 18 is a view of the wheel with the type carrier removed.
Fig.
19 is a sectional view of part of the wheel with the type carriers in
position.
Fig. 20 is an elevation of one of the type carriers detached from the wheel.
Referring to the parts by letters,-
A represents the main shaft of the machine journalled in suitable bearings on
any proper frame or support.
B is a cylinder, mounted on or keyed to the shaft A so as to revolve with it,
and it may have a band pulley 6* secured to or formed on it for the purpose of
receiving a band for operation by power derived from mechanism or other source.
C represents a series of longitudinal grooves formed in the cylinder for the
reception of a series of rods D, which may be of the same or different lengths as
found most desirable or convenient. The ends of these rods D project beyond the
end of the cylinder opposite to the band pulley, and are provided with springs d,
which hold them in position when not operated on, and stops on the cylinder
prevent their coming out too far, as herein-after set forth.
The rods D have projections on their upper sides at points corresponding with
á series of annular grooves E, formed in the periphery of the cylinder into which

page_text: grooves they project while the rods are at rest, the whole series being arranged on
a spiral line around the cylinder.
The inner ends of rods D are made rectangular in their cross sections and pro-
vided with two rectangular grooves, having bevelled sides or faces ³ at one side
of each groove, as clearly shewn by the Drawings. These grooves and bevilled
faces correspond with two annular grooves E, E, formed in the cylinder, the
grooves being in a line with grooves E when the rods are at rest, and the
bevilled faces d and occupying the groove E' when the rods are drawn inwards
in the course of operation. The object of this part of the device will be more fully
described hereafter.
Frepresents a series of rods or bars corresponding in number with the grooves E
and rods D. These rods F are pivotted at one end between lugs or brackets f
which are held in position in the frame of the machine by adjusting screws f, or
by other means suitable for adjusting the length of the rods with relation to the
cylinder. The free ends of these bars or rods F are hooked or turned down, and
their extremities are cut away or formed into triangular cams f corresponding to
the projections d¹ of the rods D with which they are brought into contact in the
operation of the machine. While at rest the hooked or free ends of the rods F
remain immediately over or slightly within the grooves E, and are kept from
contact with the projections by means of springs f³ secured at one end to the
frame of the machine. The relative position of the bars F' may be further secured
by suitable guide plates with divisions between the bars. G represents a series of
finger keys corresponding in number with the bars F and rods D,.cach key
representing an alphabetical letter or series of letters, characters, or signs. These
keys are provided with stems and suitable mechanism for pressing the free ends of
the bars F into contact with the projections & on the rods D within the grooves E
as the cylinder D revolves, thereby operating to draw the rods D inwardly, as and
for the purpose herein-after set forth. A represents a wheel which may be made
to revolve in a vertical, horizontal, or inclined plane, according as best suited for
operation in the writing or printing machine in which it may be used. Radical
slots a are formed in the wheel for the reception of the type carriers B, and the
latter are pivotted or journalled in the slots by means of a split ring C₁ or wire bent
into circular form and secured within an annular groove in the wheel A.
The type carriera B shewn in the Drawings are circular in form, but they may
be elliptical or polygonal, or in the form of a segment, or of any desired configura-
tion, so that they are suitable to receive and hold the type b in their faces or
periphery, the type projecting therefrom and beyond the face or sides of the
revolving wheel A', convenient to receive the blow or pressure of the printing
hammer or platen. The wheel A' is keyed to the shaft A and made to rotate with
it. The type is set into the face or periphery of the type carriers so as to project
sufliciently beyond the face or sides (either or both) of the rotating wheel to receive
the blow of the printing hammer or platen, and the type carriers may be provided
with different varieties and forms of type, each having one letter of each variety of
type and punctuation marks as desired. The arrangement of the type on the
carriers can of course be varied as occasion requires. By means of this device,
providing the type carriers with varieties of type and other appliances used in the
art of printing one is enabled to write or print the complete text of any language
composed of letters without requiring to set up the type in a form, thereby obviating
the use of different parts of free or separate type, the composing stick, the forms,
and all the paraphernalia of the printing office now in use, and in a measure
dispensing with the use of the printing press itself.
This
I is the inking roller mounted upon a shaft i secured to the frame of the machine.
The inking roller is kept in proper position by means of a rod i having a bent or
hooked end which is inserted in a groove formed in the end of the roller.
rod may be adjusted so as to slide the ink roller back and forth on the shaft i.
No. 1 is a spur wheel on one end of the shaft A which gears with a pinion
mounted on a shaft secured to the frame of the machine. This pinion gears with

page_text: another toothed pinion, which in turn gears with the gear wheel 4 mounted on a
shaft K. This particular train of gearing is not however necessary, as by making
the wheels 1 and 4 of sufficient and proper size and genring them together the
required result will be accomplished without the aid of the two intermediate pinions,
or the gearing may be dispensed with and bands and pulleys substituted therefor.
The shaft K is journalled in proper bearings on the frame of the machine and carries
a pinion 5 on its inner end. L is a shaft arranged to revolve in proper bearings at
right angles to the shaft K.
Mis a worm gear or screw keyed to the shaft L on a line with the shaft K, or it
may be made to extend some distance along the shaft L.
N is a toothed or ratchet wheel provided with a large number of small teeth and
keyed to the shaft L so as to revolve with it.
O is a spring clamp, the ends of which press against the sides of the wheel N to
keep it in position and insure its turning in the proper direction, and also prevent
too free motion. The pawl P is pivotted to a vertically reciprocating rod p which
passes through guide plates p, p, secured to the frame of the machine, and p³ is a
spring, one end of which is secured to the rod p, the other pressing against the
pawl to keep it engaged with the ratchet wheel N.
Q is a lever, one end pivotted to the frame and the other connected with the
rod p; is a rod, one end pivotted to the lever Q and the other to one end of the
horizontal lever R. This lever R is pivotted centrally to the frame of the machine,
and its free end on the under side is formed into a cam r, the form of which is
clearly shown at Fig. 13. This cam fits into one of the grooves E' of the
cylinder B, and is held in proper working position by a spring
S represents the printing hammer, one end of its shaft or arin being pivotted to a
brackets firmly secured to the frame of the machine, its other or free end being
formed into a disc and provided with a pad of suitable material to soften the blow
upon the type; 81 is another backet secured to the frame, its projecting end being
provided with a pad or cushion against which the shaft or arm of the hammer
strikes when drawn back by the spring.
Sis a rod, one end pivotted to the armn of the hammer and the other connected
with one arm of a levers, which is pivotted by means of a bent shaft sto brackets
or hangers secured to the frame of the machine. The other end of the lever s
is formed into a cam, the peculiar form of which is shewn at Figure 14.
This cam
portion of the lever s fits into the end groove E of cylinder B, and is operated in
manner herein-after set forth. When not in use the hammer is kept from contact
with the type by means of a spring, the end of which bears against the lever s.
6 and 7 represent two guide rods upon which the paper carrying device is made to
slide back and forth. The paper carrier T, shewn detached at Figures 4 and 5, is
formed of two side pieces or plates t, t, of suitable form connected together by
cross bars, with sufficient rigidity to insure necessary strength and firmness.
t is a
shaft journalled in the side plates t, t, provided with small rollers or wheels of
rubber or other suitable material; &,, are two springs, the free ends of which
bear against the wheel 1, the other ends being secured to the side plates t
spring rollers may be used instead of the springs, or the springs may be supplied
with rollers. 8 is a ratchet wheel on the end of shaft ; is a lever, one end
pivotted to one of the plates t, and the other connected by a link or rod t' to
another lever which is pivotted to the upper rod 6. t is a pawl pivotted
to the lever, its end engaging with the ratchet by means of a spring . The
outer end of lever U is provided with a handle or finger piece u for operation,
or the rod 6 itself may be made to turn, and thereby accomplish the same purpose.
The other end of this lever is connected with a crank pin u¹, the crank u being
secured to the end of a rotary or oscillating rack bar V, the ends of which are
journalled in the side plates t. The rack bar V is provided with teeth, which
may be made to gear with either the spur wheel 5 or the worm gear M on shaft L,
as desired.
Wis the roller which carries the paper, and from which it is unrolled
as required in the operation of the machine. It is provided with a series of pina

page_text: or spurs w for securing the end of the paper to the roller. X is a rod or wire for
guiding the paper as it is unrolled; Z is the paper to be printed on by the
operation of the machine.
The machine is shown with the mechanism arranged so that the type wheel and
cylinder revolve in a vertical plane, but it may be arranged so as to have the type
wheel revolve in a horizontal plane or in an inclined position, or the type. wheel
and cylinder may be made to revolve on different shafts and on different planes of
motion, as found most desirable or convenient. The keys are also shown so
arranged as to operate directly upon the hooked key rods F, and in position on the
top or upper side of the machine, but they may be arranged in a more convenient
position, like the key-board of a pianoforte, and connected with the rods by wires,
or in any of the well-known ways unnecessary here to describe.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-The necessary motive power being
applied so as to cause the shaft A, cylinder B, and type wheel. A¹ to revolve at the
required rate of speed, and the paper to be printed on being in position, wo will
suppose that the operator desires to print the letter A, or any other particular
letter. He presses upon the particular key which represents that letter, and
thereby forces down the hooked end of the corresponding bar F until the cam
f on its end enters and occupies the corresponding annular groove F of the
cylinder B. As the latter revolves the cam comes in contact with the pro-
jection on the corresponding longitudinal rod D, said projection occupying
the
groove. The cam will then draw the rod D inwardly within its longitudinal
slot C, thereby bringing the bevilled faces d, d, on the other end of the rod so as
to occupy the annular grooves E1 and E2. In this position these bevilled faces will
respectively come in contact with the cams on the ends of the levers R and 83,
the former actuating the mechanism for adjusting or moving the paper carrier
transversely from right to left, the latter actuating the printing hammer so as to
press the paper against the type exposed upon the type wheel for operation; both
operations, that is, the movement of the paper the required distance, and the
movement of the printing hammer so as to press the paper on the type, being
accompl shed simultaneously through pressure upon a single key. As soon as the
.cain is released from the projection d' the spring d on the end of the rod D
draws the latter out to its former position, and the pressure being removed from
the key G the spring fraises or withdraws the bar to its normal position. The
letters of the alphabet being of different sizes, one requiring more space on the
.paper than another, it is necessary, in order to properly space the printed letters,
that the paper should be moved different distances, or distances corresponding to
the space required for each letter. This adjustment or movement of the paper is
accomplished by having the bevilled faces d on the rods D larger or smaller, as the
case may be, so that the cam end of the lever R is moved to a greater or less
.extent, thereby through the connecting mechanism moving the paper from right to
left the required distance to suit the different sizes of type. To make the proper
.spaces between the words a special key bar and reciprocating rod D' are used,
differing only from those already described in this, that the bevilled face d' on the
rod D for operating the printing hammer is omitted. By pressing on the spacing
key the paper is moved the required distance without being printed upon.
For increasing the space between the letters or causing them to printed wider
apart (which is termed by printers the operation of "justifying") as is necessary
near the end of the line, a special key bar and rod D are used in which the
bevilled face for operating the printing hammer is omitted, and the bevilled face d
which operates the mechanism for moving the paper is made of small size so as to
move the paper but a short regulated distance.
Figures 6 and 7 shew respectively a plan and side elevation of one of the rods
D, Figure 8 being a cross section on the line x, x, Fig. 6 shewing the form of the
bevilled surface (³.
Fig. 9 is a side elevation of one end of the spacing rod, with only one bevilled
surface.

page_text: Figure 10 is a similar view of the rod D¹ used for justifying as herein-before set
forth.
Figures 15 and 10 respectively show rods of modified form which are operated
in a different manner from the rods D, that is, instead of being made to reciprocate
within the longitudinal grooves of the cylinder, they are pivotted or journalled, and
when operated are made to turn so as to bring the bent portions into contact
with the free ends of the levers R and 3 for operating the mechanism of the
printing hammer and paper carrier in substantially the saine manner and with the
saine result accomplished by the bevilled faces of rods D, the turning of the rods
being accomplished by pressure brought to bear on the projections either by the
operation of hooked bars similar to bars or by other suitable means.
The operation of the mechanism connected with the printing hammer will be
readily understood by reference to Fig. 3 of the Drawings; we have seen that the
hammer is actuated by means of the Devilled surface d³ on rods D raising the cam
end of lever. The upper arm of this lever being connected with the arm of
the hammer by the connecting rod 82 will cause the hammer to move outwardly,
so as to press the paper against the type, and when the cam end of the lever is
released from contact with the rod D, the spring draws the hammer back or
away from the paper. The hammer moves with great rapidity, that is, the blow is
sudden, the time it is in contact with the paper being inappreciable, so that the
revolution of the type wheel does not require to be stopped or arrested, in order to
receive the blow of the hammer on the type, the printing being accomplished while
the wheel is moving at full speed, say two hundred revolutions per minute, and the
hammer moves with sufficient rapidity to print all the letters of the alphabet during
cach revolution of the type wheel, the different lengths of the rods D or different
positions of the projections on the rods D permitting of this movement of the
hammer.
The operation of the mechanism for moving the paper carrier from right to left,
and for moving the paper vertically on the carrier is as follows:-We have seen
that motion is imparted to this mechanism by means of the rods D moving the cam
end of the lever R, the other end of the lever being connected with the vertical rod
2, a reciprocating movement is thereby imparted to the rod carrying the pawl P with
it. The pawl engaging with the teeth of ratchet wheel N thereby imparts an
intermittent rotary motion to the shaft L and worm gear M, and the latter gearing
with one or other of the teeth of the bar V will move the paper carrier T from
right to left with a intermittent progressive movement, the distance it is moved
being regulated as before described by the degree of movement given to the cam
end of the lever R. In this way the paper is moved the required distance for each
letter. When the carrier has moved completely across or when the end of the line
is reached, or at any other point at which it is desired to reverse the carrier, the
operator presses the handle or finger piece u upwards, thereby throwing the teeth v
out of gear with the worm gear M, and into gear with the spur wheel 5, the
revolution of which carries the paper carrier back from left to right. To commence
a new line the operator presses the handle a downwards, throwing the teeth v
again into gear with the worm gear M, at the same time the downward movement
of the handle causes the pawl t to operate the ratchet wheel 8, and thereby turn
the shaft, the rubber wheels on which cause the paper to move upwards the
distance of one line or any required distance as this particular mechanism may be
operated while all the other parts of the machine are at rest. The paper unrolls from
the roller Wand is kept taut by the rod and the springs ; proper tension is given
to the roller by springs or other devices so as to prevent it unwinding too freely.
Figures 1 and 2, of Sheet 11. of the Drawings shew a vertical sectional view, and
a side elevation partly in section of a complete working machine embodying my
invention, the arrangement of the parts however being somewhat different from the
machine last described.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of one of the type carriers detached, and Fig. 4a view
of one of the type wheels rack bars detached. In these Drawings A represents the.

page_text: cylinder which carries the sliding rods for imparting motion to the lever, which
operates the printing hammer and the lever which operates the paper carriage.
The cylinder is constructed in the same way as before described, B represents the
adjustable type wheel, having the type carriers 6 arranged as before described, this
type wheel is mounted upon a separate shaft and receives motion through bevilled
gears from the shaft of the rotating cylinder A, so that the cylinder and type
wheel rotate at the same rate of speed; -H is a sleeve on the shaft G having doublo
flanges h, h; with annular groove between for the reception of a clutch I, the
latter being provided with a screw or lever I¹ for operation. The sleeve H is also
provided with a wheel or flange J having an annular groove j on its face, and a
tyre or rim ; K represents a series of rack bars corresponding in number to the
number of type carriers in the rotating wheel B. The inner ends of these rack bars
are made with a key or projection which fits into the annular groovej of wheel
J, and all being in position the rim j¹ is secured in place and holds the rack bars in
position. The other or free ends of the rack bars are passed into lateral slots forined
through the rotating wheel B for their reception, and their teeth gear with small
spur wheels P secured centrally to one side of the type carriers b, or the wheels may
form part of the type carriers, as found most convenient.
•
The operation of this device is as follows: The sleeve H with its wheel J.
and the rack bars will of course rotate with the shaft G, the sleeve being free to slide
back and forth on the shaft but confined by a longitudinal key on the shaft so as to
ensure its rotation with the type wheel and prevent torsion of the rack bar.
When it is desired to adjust the type carriers so as to present a different form of
type to the operation of the printing hammer; all that is necessary is to operate
the lever I', or other device for operating the sleeve H, so as to cause the latter
to slide upon the shaft backward or forward, thereby through the connecting
rack bars and spur wheels simultaneously turning the type carriers on their
pivots, until the required type upon all the carriers comes into printing position
which may be ascertained by having a proper index on the frame of the machine.
I have thus described one method for adjusting the type carriers, but they
may be operated and adjusted-by different mechanical devices which any skilled
anechanic may devise or adopt to suit the requirements of the machine to which
the type wheel is to be applied, and I therefore desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not limit myself to the particular mechanism or device
shewn for operating or adjusting the type carriers so as to present the required
type to the operation of the printing hammer or platen.
In this machine the keys C, C, are arranged in a double bank like those in a
piano, their inner ends being connected with the cam-bars F by means of rods D.
The arrangement of the mechanism for operating the printing hammer S is also
.somewhat different, the hammer striking on the end of a sliding rod 8¹ the other
end of which is provided with a disc 8 which presses the paper against the type.
There are also some differences in the construction of the mechanism for operating
tho paper carriage, but the principle is the same as 'in the machine first described
the differences being only those of construction.
Having now described the Invention of "Improvements in type writers and in
means for obtaining printed copies therefrom" which has been communicated to
me from abroad by my foreign correspondent, I wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
=
First. Mounting-a series of type carriers radially on a rotating type wheel and
giving an axial motion thereto in the manner and for the purpose above described."
Secondly. Providing the adjustable type carriers B' each with a single alphabetical
character, sign, or numeral in different styles or sizes of type for the purpose above
explained.
Thirdly. In combination with the type wheel a grooved cylinder B fitted with
sliding rods D, D¹, D³, or their equivalents arranged to operate the paper carrier and
the printing hammer or platten respectively, in the manner and for the purpose
above described.

page_text: Fourthly. In combination with the sliding rods D, D1, D2, the cam bars F and keys
G, for presenting the inclines of the rods D. D1, D2, respectively to the levers which
operate the paper carrier and the printing hammer or platten.
Fifthly. The arrangements of mechanism for operating the printing hammer or
platten as described with reference to Sheets I. and II. of the Drawings.
Sixthly. The arrangement of apparatus for traversing the paper in front of
the type carriers as described with reference to Sheet I. of the Drawings.
And lastly. The modified arrangement of type writing machinism as described
with reference to Sheet II. of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of July in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
A V NEWTON (LS)
A V NEWTON (LS).