Improvements in or Appertaining to Presses for Extracting Oil or other Liquids from Seeds or the like.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 27th May, 1889
Complete Specification Left. 14th Mar. 1890-Accepted. 19th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Appertaining to Presses for Extracting Oil or
other Liquids from Seeds or the like.
A communication from abroad by ALEXANDRE SCHUMACHER and CHARLES
TSCHIFFELI, of Marseilles, in the Republic of France.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.1.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both
in the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
To secure a large return from oil mills it is proposed to treat the articles to be
pressed in metal cages and under a much greater pressure than formerly.
The increased pressure can be obtained by increasing the manometrical pressure
of the liquid injected by the pumps, but this method can only be employed with a
new plant much more powerful than that existing in most oil mills and con-
sequently very expensive.
This method also causes a much greater expenditure for motive force and
inaintenance.
By the new systein, which is equally adapted to old as well as new presses, it is
possible, without increasing the manometrical pressure of the water or of the liquid
injected into the cylinder, to increase at will the pressure on the articles in the
cages to such a point that, at the first operation, almost the whole of the oil con-
tained by them is extracted, and even in the case of most grains, without previous
trituration, so that the use of rollers and partially of mills is done away with.
This invention has for its object to realise the following advantages :-
First, to obtain, with facility and at will, on materials treated in these presses, a
pressure per unit of surface much greater than that at present usual in oil mills.
Second, by this means to treat in the presses a given quantity of grains without
previously passing them through mills or rollers.
Third, to obtain, in addition, at the first pressing, almost the whole of the oil
contained in the materials treated, and thus to diminish to an appreciable amount
the quantity of oil from the second pressing or from extraction by heat, when this
mode of extraction is employed.
Fourth, to do away with the use of hair, aloe fibre, or esparto sacks, called
"envelopes," which are still used in many places in spite of the expense thereby
incurred.
Fifth, and finally, to diminish the amount of labour and of motive power necessary
in oil mills.
The increase of pressure in this system is brought about by diminishing the area
of the cages in proportion to that of the pistons of the presses.
The piston of the press, being of too great a diameter to penetrate into that
part of the cage where the materials to be pressed are placed, recourse must be
had to one or the other system of pistons hereinafter mentioned, namely:
-
First, to terminate the bottom of the cover of the cage by a pressure plate of a
certain height, and a vacant space in which the piston can lodge.
Second, to employ a second piston fixed inside the first. The inner piston rises
first, the outer one being held stationary by a brake. A lifting valve is provided
at the commencement of the pressure. The brake holds the large piston immovable
until the small piston has produced its effect. The brake is then released, and the
valve closing itself by its own weight, the two pistons rise together.
The advantage of the employment of these two pistons is to furnish a means of
graduating at will the force and speed of the pressure, and to complete it thus
more rapidly.

page_text: Either of these arrangements above named may be used, whatever may be the
difference of the areas, and particularly in cases where, in order to utilise advan-
tageously existing presses, it is thought proper to diminish the section of the cages
while retaining the same pistons.
The application of these arrangements is possible with any kind of filter cages
of whatever form and transverse section.
The improved cage will now be described :-
This cage
is composed of a metal case mounted on rollers. In the inner side
of this cover or case is a number of vertical grooves destined to allow the expressed
oil to escape.
In the interior of the above named cage is piled, one above the
other, a number of horizontal rings or rundles of circular or rectangular section
or of any other suitable shape. These rundles are placed one above the other and
are connected by horizontal joints, to which is given more or less play, according
to the nature of the grain to be treated. The rundles are pierced with a number
of vertical holes with vertical openings, destined to provide, in addition to the filtering
horizontal joints, as many vertical filtering joints as desired. These rings or rundles
form a slight cone from top to bottom, in order to facilitate the discharge of the
oil bags.
For the treatment of certain grains and oleaginous fruits between the parts of
the rundles which are in contact, semicircular channels are formed, and in order to
prevent the pulp under the action of the pressure coming out with the oil, the
channels thus made are filled with a little sheet of hair, aloes, or any other filtering
material, or even with a metal circle covered with one of these filtering materials.
The advantages of this cage are:-
First, economy in construction.
Second, great facility of taking down and cleaning.
Third, great increase in the filtering joints compared with the cages already
in use.
In this press, a block, which is a continuation of the girder, or cast on or attached
beneath the girder or beam, is used. The cage placed under this block is, at first,
held down by wedges. When the pressure has attained the required degree, the
wedges are withdrawn; the cage, being no longer held down, rises, and the block
penetrates into the cage, thus completing the compression of the material contained
in the upper part, which material is always less compressed than that near the piston.
The method just described for increasing the compression of oleaginous matters and
for extracting therefrom the greatest possible quantity of oil at the first pressing
can be applied to any cage press or any press with separate chambers, whatever
may be its shape.
Dated this 24th day of May 1889
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Appertaining to Presses for Extracting Oil or
other Liquids from Seeds or the like.
A communication from abroad by ALEXANDRE SCHUMACHER and CHARLES
TSCHIFFELI, of Marseilles, in the Republic of France.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E. of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6 Bank Street, Manchester, both
in the County of Lancaster and 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
To secure a large return from oil mills, it is proposed to treat the articles to be
pressed in metal cages and under a much greater pressure than formerly.
The increased pressure can be obtained by increasing the manometrical pressure of

page_text: The improved cage will now be described :-
This cage C is composed of a metal case mounted on rollers or wheels G. In the
inner side of this cover or case is a number of vertical grooves destined to allow the
expressed oil to escape. In the interior of the above named cage is piled, one above
the other, a number of horizontal rings H or rundles of circular or rectangular
section or of any other suitable shape. These rundles are placed one above the other,
and, as shown in the drawing, are connected by horizontal joints J, to which is given
more or less play according to the nature of the grain to be treated. The rundles are
pierced with a number of vertical holes T with vertical openings I, destined to provide,
in addition to the filtering horizontal joints, as many vertical filtering joints as
desired. These rings or rundles preferably taper slightly from top to bottom in order
to facilitate the discharge of the oil bags.
For the treatment of certain grains and oleaginous fruits, between the parts of the
rundles which are in contact, semicircular channels B B¹ are formed, and, in order to
prevent the pulp under the action of the pressure coming out with the oil, the
channels thus made are filled with a little packing of hair, aloes or any other filtering
material, or even with a metal circle covered with one of these filtering materials.
The advantages of this cage are:-
First, economy in construction,
Second, great facility of taking down and cleaning,
Third, great increase in the filtering joints compared with the cages already
in use.
In this press, a block K, which is a continuation of the girder S, or cast on or
attached beneath the girder or beam S, is used. The cage placed under this block is,
at first, held down by wedges L L. When the pressure has attained the required
degree, the wedges are withdrawn ; the cage, being no longer held down, rises, and
the block penetrates into the cage, thus completing the compression of the material
contained in the upper part, which material is always less compressed than that near
the piston.
The method just described for increasing the compression of oleaginous matters
and for extracting therefrom the greatest possible quantity of oil at the first pressing
can be applied to any cage press or any press with separate chambers, whatever may
be its shape.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A press for extracting oil from oleaginous grain, seeds or fruit, in which the
area of the ram is considerably less than the area of the pressure piston, whereby a
great pressure may be applied with a comparatively small water power, substantially
as described.
2. In a press such as described, a block K adapted to enter the upper end of the
cage, after the materials therein have been first pressed against a flat surface, sub-
stantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. A press for the purposes set forth, in which the pressure is applied by means of
a piston whose diameter is greater than the internal diameter of the cage, the pressure
being transmitted to the material in said cage by means of a pressure cylinder A or
its equivalent, substantially as described.
4. In a press such as described, the employment of two pistons, working one within
the other by which the pressure may be graduated and hastened, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
5. The herein described cage for use in a press for extracting oil, taken as a whole
substantially as and for the purposes described.
Dated this 8th day of March 1800
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.