A COMPOUND. CONICAL SPIKE AND SPIRAL DOUBLE GRIDDED MACHINE, FOR OPENING, BLOWING, SCUTCHING, AND CLEANING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hardacre, of Miles Platting, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "A COMPOUND. CONICAL
SPIKE AND SPIRAL DOUBLE GRIDDED MACHINE, FOR OPENING, BLOWING,
SCUTCHING, AND CLEANING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hardacre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1856.
I, SAMUEL HARDACRE, of Miles Platting, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A COMPOUND
CONICAL SPIKE AND SPIRAL DOUBLE GRIDDED MACHINE, FOR OPENING, BLOWING,
SCUTCHING, AND CLEANING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the arrangement and combination of two conical
casings or cylindrical gridding, of wire, or any other suitable material, being
again encased in sheet iron, so as to completely exclude the interior of the
machine from the external atmosphere, so that by the means of a fan so
placed at the base or larger end of one of the cones, I can completely blow
the cotton from its entrance into the first cone until its exit from the second
cone.
In the first conical casing is placed a cylindrical cone, supplied with two.
iron spikes placed along its periphery, running parallel to its axis, the said iron
spikes running interventionally between spikes or pins placed upon the framing.
of the machine. On the cotton leaving this cone, by the combined effect of the

page_text: draft from the fan, and centrifugal velocity which is imparted to the cotton by
the rapid revolution of the cones, it is whisked into the second casing or cone.
or conical grid cylinder, which is supplied with a conical spiral beater, and.
which clenses the cotton from its impurities. At the end of this cone, the
cotton, wool, or other fibrous substances having been cleansed in its progress
through the cone, is ejected towards the dust cage, where it is then delivered,
and ready for the lap machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Hardacre in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HARDACRE, of Miles Platting, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of .July, in the year of our-Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Hardacre, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Hardacre, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Hardacre, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A COMPOUND CONICAL
SPIKE AND SPIRAL DOUBLE GRIDDED MACHINE, FOR OPENING, BLOWING, SCUTCHING,
AND CLEANING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Hardacre, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hardacre, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-

page_text: My Invention consists of the use of one or more conical cylinders, furnished
with spikes or pins and spiral beaters, mounted on suitable framing, so that
the cotton, wool; or other fibrous material to be opened and cleaned, will be
continually fed in at any convenient part of the first cone, when only one is
used, and given out at the end of it without any manual intervention; and
when two or more of the said cones are used, it will be fed at the first cone
and delivered at the end of the second or last cone perfectly opened or cleaned,:
which effect is produced by the continuous or centrifugal motion imparted to:
the filamentous flocks by the rapid revolution of the spiked cones and spiral
beaters within concentric cases. I furnish the cone or cónes with metal pins
or spikes equidistant from each other, or graduating in distance from the
summit to the base of the conical cylinder, the said spikes or pins' running
parallel with the axes upon which the cone revolves. I also attach spikes or.
pins to the internal part of the framing, coming between those on the conical
I cylinder and the concentric casing. The fibrous substance to be cleaned is fed.
in at the small end or summit of the cone, and is whisked onwards to the
larger end or base, and if two cones are used, it is blown through an aperture.
in the first cone to the. second one by a draught from a fan, placed at the.
extremity or base of the second or last cone; but if only one cone is used, the
material passes out at the large end or base to the dust cage. The said cones
are supplied with my improved spiral beaters, ás secured to me by Letters
Patent, dated the Ninth day of October, One' thousand eight hundred and fifty-
two, No. 321, which rapidly revolve in the said: concentric casing, by which
the fibrous material is whisked forward and forcibly. ejected to the dust cage
by the combined action of the rapidly revolving beaters and the draught of the
fan. By fixing at the front of my said described machine a beater, either of
the ordinary construction or one of my improved- patent beaters, I obtain a
complete blowing machine as well as an' opener:
The manner of carrying my said Invention into, practical effect will be
clearly understood by reference to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings,
and the letters of reference thereon, in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of
one arrangement of my improved machinery or apparatus, shewing the posi
tion of the spiked cylindrical cone; and the concentric cylindrical casing, in
which the spiral beater revolves. Fig. 2 is a plan with the. casing removed;
so as to shew more clearly the interior structure of the machine, and the
respective situations: of the spiked cylinder and spiral beaters; Fig: 3 is a
detached portion of the grid or cage; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal elevation of a
machine, in which the operations of opening, beating, and blowing are com-
bined; and. Fig. 5 is a plan thereof.

page_text: In Figs. 1 and 2, a represents the framing of the machine; b, the creeper,
upon which the fibrous substance is first placed, and fed to the machine by the
rollers c; d is the first cone, with the strong shaft e mounted with two or more
metal rings, fixed at any convenient positions in the cone as supports for the
sheet-iron mantle f, whicli forms the interior surface of the cone d; along this
surface any convenient number of the metal bars g are fastened parallel to the
axis, into which lines of strong pins or pegs h are secured; corresponding-to
the intervals or spaces of the said pins or pegs is the line of pins i fixed to the
framing a. When two cones are used, the fibrous substance on reaching the
base of the first cone is blown through the aperture k into the second conical
concentric casing 1, where it is continually beaten from its summit to its base
by the spiral beaters m. The larger end of the cone is furnished with the
fan 'n, by which a great portion of the light dirt or impurities is drawn out of
the cotton or fibrous material as it becomes released by the spiral beaters, as
well as assisting it in its progress through the cones, until it is ejected to the
dust cage o, and from thence through the delivery rollers p. The feed rollers c
are driven by the gearing 9 from the shaft e of the cone d. I key on the
said feed roller shaft the gearing r, which drives the line shafts and the
delivery rollers and dust cage by the wheel gearing t, the said shaft e being
the first motive power, driven by the pully u. Upon the cone shaft is keyed
the large pully v, which drives another smaller pully w, keyed on the spiral
beater shaft a, for driving the beaters m and the fan.n.
In Figs. 4 and 5, shewing the compound arrangement of opener, blower, and
beater, the cone a¹ is placed transversely at the end of the machine, the cotton
passing the dust cage 6' to the spiral beaters c', and from thence to the dust
cage d' to the creeper e¹. One or more of either ordinary or spiral beaters may
be employed between the cone a' and the creeper e¹. Although I have shewn.in
the accompanying Drawings two of the said described conical cylinders with
the spiral beater, I do not intend to confine myself to that specific number, as
it will be evident to any person conversant with the process of opening and
cleaning fibrous materials that some qualities require more agitation than
others, in proportion as they contain more or less of dirt or impurities.; there-
fore, as some kinds may only require the operation of one cone and others of
two or more, I use either one or more, as may be required, and best calculated-
to prepare the fibrous material for the subsequent process of lapping.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth; but I claim
as my Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge and belief has

page_text: not been hitherto used within the realm, the use of one or more conical
cylinders with spikes or pins, in conjunction with my patent spiral beater,
as herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying two Sheets of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hardacre, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
SAMUEL HARDACRE. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
Samuel Hardacre, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.