A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANU- FACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, SPIKES, RIVETS, WASHERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, WHICH MAY BE ALSO EMPLOYED FOR SLOTTING OR MORTISING BALING HOOPS AND COTTON TIES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph John Seekings, one of the Partners of
the Union Nut and Bolt Company, trading at Gloucester, in the
County of Gloucester, and at Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, SPIKES, RIVETS, WASHERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES, WHICH MAY BE ALSO EMPLOYED FOR SLOTTING OR MORTISING BALING
HOOPS AND COTTON TIES."
Sealed the 27th October 1871, and dated the 10th May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph John Seekings
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th May 1871.
I, JOSEPH JOHN SEEKINGS, one of the Partners of the Union Nut
5 and Bolt Company, trading at Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester,
and at Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE'
MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, SPIKES, RIVETS, WASHERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR

page_text: ARTICLES, WHICH MAY BE ALSO EMPLOYED FOR SLOTTING OR MORTISING BALING
HOOPS AND COTTON TIES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to a new construction of and is a composite
machine applicable to each of the purposes specified in the title, and to
the whole of them, or to any two of them at one and the same time, by
simply changing tools or dies which in themselves are not necessarily
new.
The mechanical arrangements whereby these results are obtained are
described as follows:-For heading bolts, spikes, rivets, and such like
articles, the machine corresponds substantially with that which is
known as a modern heading machine, except that it is double, having
the rams or slides at each end, and the driving gear (of which there is
one set only) in the centre, this actuating the whole. In the said rams
or slides are one or more nipples or sockets for carrying heading or top
tools. Underneath is an oscillating or sliding saddle in one or two
parts, each carrying one or more under tools or borcs. This saddle is
caused to work laterally during the stroke of the said ram or slide in
the direction of cross section of the machine. Motion may be given
by hand levers, or automatically by connecting the said saddle with the
driving gear by means of cams, levers, rack and pinion, or any other-
known and suitable mechanical contrivances. The lateral motion of
the said saddle enables the attendant whilst bolts are being headed to
get the bolt last headed out of the borc or under tool, and to place
therein another blank during the down and upward stroke of the ram,
the position of the said saddle having been in the meantime altered
relatively with the said ram, so that the said ram plumbs or falls
directly over the last-named blank, and which said blank is headed by
the down stroke of the said ram, the saddle being stationary a sufficient
time only to allow of this being done, and so the operation is repeated
as often as required. By having two or more top tools in or upon the
ram or slide, the heading may be performed at two operations, in some
cases to better advantage than in a single operation, so giving a better
result as to the finish of the work without reducing the quantity.
Underneath the said ram or slide and in the same plane are other slides,
or a compound slide carrying male and female punches, actuated by.one
or more eccentrics on the main shaft and a suitable adaptation of levers.
These said slides and male and female punches being timed with the
upper ram or slide carrying the top tool or punch will with suitable

page_text: intermediate dies well known in the trade enable the same machine (or
one portion of it only if required) produce hot-pressed nuts, washers,
and such like articles at one or two operations at will, or one or more
washers or nuts at one operation, as the tools are adapted and arranged.
The said saddle being moveable can be taken out of its place or off the
punching bed of the machine, and in place thereof other saddles can be
fixed carrying under tools of another description.
When the machine is proposed to be employed for slotting or
mortising baling hoops the top tools are clanged for an upper slide,
carrying slotting or mortising punches suitably arranged, and which are
held in position in the ordinary manner, and as is well understood.
With such an arrangement of tools this same machine (or a portion of
it only) can be applied either to punching, slotting, or mortising hoops
or buckles, known as baling hoops or cotton tics, or to punched or
pressed or slotted work generally, the tools themselves not being
necessarily new. The under tool in the case of cotton tie manufacture
is so arranged that the feed shall by endless chain gear be continuous,
and the arrangement is such as to allow the punched hoops to pass
forward clear of the tools employed. By preference the upper tool
"
carrying the punches is cast in one piece.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph John Seckings in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JOHN SEEKINGS, one of the Partners of the Union Nut and Bolt Com-
pany, trading at Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, and at
Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph John Seekings, Her special licence,
that I, the said Joseph John Seckings, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph John Seekings, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,

page_text: and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS, NUTS, SPIKES, RIVETS,
WASHERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, WHICH MAY BE ALSO EMPLOYED FOR
SLOTTING OR MORTISING BALING HOOPS AND COTTON TIES," upon the condition.
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph John Seekings, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what nianner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Josoph John Seckings, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):
This Invention relates to a new construction of and is a composite
machine applicable to each of the purposes specified in the title, and
to tlie whole of them, or to any two of thon at one and the same time,
by simply changing tools or dies which in themselves are not necessarily
new.
The mechanical arrangements whereby these results are obtained are
described as follows:-For heading bolts, spikes, rivets, and such like
articles, the machine corresponds substantially with that which is
known as a modern leading machine, except that it is double, having
the rams or slides at each end, and the driving gear (of which there is
one set only) in the centre, this actuating the whole. In the said rams
or slides are one or more nipples or sockets for carrying heading or top
tools. Underneath is an oscillating or sliding saddle in one or two parts
each carrying one or more under tools or bores. This saddle is caused
to work laterally during the stroke of the said ram or slide in the
direction of cross sections of the machine. Motion may be given by
hand levers, or automatically by connecting the said saddle with the
drawing gear by means of cams, levers, rack and pinion, or any other
known and suitable mechanical contrivances. The lateral motion of
the said saddle enables the attendant whilst bolts are being headed

page_text: to get the bolt last headed out of the borc or under tool, and to place
therein another blank during the down and upward stroke of the ram,
the position of the said saddle having been in the meantime altered
relatively with the said ram so that the said ram plumbs or falls
directly over the last-named blank, and which said blank is headed by
the down stroke of the said ram, the saddle being stationary a sufficient
time only to allow of this being done, and so the operation is repeated
as often as required. By having two or more top tools in or upon the
ram or slide the heading may be performed at two operations, in some
cases to better advantage than in a single operation, so giving a better
result as to the finish of the work without reducing the quantity.
Underneath the said ram or slide and in the same plane are other slides,
or a compound slide carrying male and female punches actuated by one
or more eccentrics on the main shaft and a suitable adaptation of levers.
These said slides and male and female punches being timed with the
upper ram or slide carrying the top tool or punch will with suitable
intermediate dies well known in the trade enable the same machine (or
one portion of it only if required) to produce hot-pressed nuts, washers,
and such like articles at one or two operations at will, or one or more
washers or nuts at one operation, as the tools are adapted and arranged.
The said saddle being moveable can be taken out of its place or off
the punching bed of the machine, and in place thereof other saddles
can be fixed carrying under tools of another description.
When the machine is proposed to be employed for slotting or
mortising baling hoops the top tools are changed for an upper slide,
carrying slotting or mortising punches suitably arranged, and which
arc held in position in the ordinary manner and as is well understood.
With such an arrangement of tools this same machine (or a portion of
it only) can be applied either in punching, slotting, or mortising hoops
or buckles known as baling hoops or cotton ties, or to punched or pressed
or slotted work generally, the tools themselves not being necessarily
new. The under tool in the case of cotton tie manufacture is so
arranged that the feed shall by endless chain gear be continuous, and
the arrangement is such as to allow the punched hoops to pass forward
clear of the tools employed. By preference the upper tool carrying the
punches is cast in one piece.
That my Invention may be better understood, I have provided the
hamunto nunezed which I now procced to describe.

page_text: Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is a front elevation of my improved machine shewing
the mechanical appliances adapted for the manufacture of bolts, rivets,
spikes, and such like articles, either automatically or by hand; Fig. 2 is
a side or longitudinal elevation of the same machine shewing another
view of the contrivance for the said manufacture of bolts, rivets, spikes,
and such like articles under the one ram, and under the other ram is
shewn a method for forming hot-pressed nuts, washers, and such like
articles.
Fig. 3 (Sheet 2) is a section of the plan of the machine on an
enlarged scale, shewing more clearly the tools and tool holders for
forming hot-pressed nuts, washers, and such like articles; Fig. 4 is a
section of the front elevation shewing in another position that shewn
in Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a section of the said elevation shewing in another
position that shown in Figs. 3 & 4; Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the
machine shewing the automatic apparatus for mortising, slotting, or
punching hoops, cotton ties, and such like articles; Fig. 7 is a front
elevation of the machine shewing in another position that shewn -in
Fig. 6.
I will now give a detailed description of the machine, reference
being made to the letters and figures indicated on the Drawings
herewith.
a (shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7) is the frame of the machine,
in one part of which works the slide or ram al (shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 6,
and 7). The slide al derives its motion from the crank or cam shaft a2
(shewn in Figs. 1 and 2), the said crank or cam shaft a2 being driven;
from the counter or fly wheel shaft a3 (Figs. 1 and 2) by a spur wheel
and pinion a4 and a5, as shewn in Fig. 2. The counter shaft a3 is
sustained in its position by means of brackets a6 (Figs. 1 & 2) bolted
to the frame of the machine a; a7 are caps over the bearings of the
crank shaft a2, and are bolted to the frame a, in order to resist the
pressure from the ram al when it is in operation, as shewn in Figs. 1,
2, 6, and 7; a8 are caps over the counter shaft 3, and are provided
in order to keep it in its bearings (as shewn in Fig. 1). (Figs. 1 & 2)
is the saddle in which are suitable recesses to receive the bores or
under tools bl, 61, for the forming of bolts, rivets, spikes, and such
like articles; the saddle b is caused to slide in the frame a so as to cause
the under tool 61 to arrive under the centre of the nipple or top tool of
the ram al alternately by means of the link 2 which is connected to

page_text: the saddle b at one end, and at the other end to one end of the lever 63.
In the other end of the lever 63 is fixed a stud, which works in the
recess of the cam 64, the said cam 64 being of the necessary form to
cause the lever 63 to give the required intermittent motion to the
saddle b. The lever 63 is jointed to the bracket 65 which is bolted to
the frame a. The cam 64 is cast or keyed on the counter cam shaft 66;
and the said counter cam shaft 66 derives its motion from the crank
shaft a2 by means of the spur wheel 67 and the pinion 68, the said
counter cam shaft being sustained and working in the brackets 69, and
kept in its bearings by the caps 610, shown in Fig. 1; 611 (Fig. 1) is
a link connecting the saddle to the hand lever 612 (Figs. 1 & 2), so
that by disconnecting the link 62 the saddle b may be worked by hand;
613 (Fig. 1) are set or adjusting screws governing the distance which
the saddle b may be desired to slide, so that the bores or under tools 61
may be brought alternately centraly with the top tool or nipple in the
ram al; 614 (Figs. 1 & 2) is a weight attached to the hand lever 612
for the purpose of avoiding any slackness or "backlash" in the joints of
the links 62 and 611, and the levers 63 and 612. To the slide or ram al
is connected one end of the rod c, and the other end of the rod c is
attached to the rod cl working beneath the saddle b, and in a suitable
compartment of the frame a, so that after forming the head and neck
of the bolt, rivet, spike, or such like article, the slide or ram al retires,
and the said slide al being in connection with the slide cl, by means
of the rod c, the said slide cl acts against the shank end of the
bolt, rivet, or spike, thereby easing and lifting it in the bore or under
tool 61, so that it may be readily extracted (Figs. 1, 2, and 5).
In (Fig. 2) is illustrated our method of forming hot-pressed nuts,
washers, and such like articles; Figs. 3, 4, and 5 are sections on an
enlarged scale showing more clearly the tools and tool holders for the
said purpose; d, in Fig. 2, is a die box fixed on the table of the frame a.
In the central part of the die box d is an aperture or die so made as
to form the nut, washer, or such like article of whatever form or size
desired. Within the die box d are the female tools d1, and the male
tools d2 (Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5). In the ram al is placed the cutting
off tool d3. The action of the tools are properly timed, so that after
the metal is forced into the die box d by the cutting off tool d3, the
male tool d2 is caused to form the hole in the metal by means of the
lever E, and the connecting rod El, one end of the rod El working in
the slide E2, which contains the male tool d2. The parts E, El,
•

page_text: and E2, are actuated by the cam on the cam shaft a2 (shewn in Fig. 2).
After the male tool d2 has formed the hole in the nut, washer, or such
like articles the female tool dl immediately forces the finished article
out of the dic box, and then retires to its normal position; E3 is a bracket
bolted to the frame a, and the cap a7, wherein works one end of the
rod El, and is for the purpose of steadying the said rod El shewn
in Fig. 2.
I will now give an explanation of a mode in which I mortise, punch,
or slot hoops, cotton ties, and such like articles (shewn in Figs. 6
and 7). To the ram al is fixed the cross bar f, and it will be readily
perceived that the parts f, f1, ƒ2, f3, f4, f5, and f6, are connected
together in such manner that upon the raising of the ram al the
drums f7 are caused to make part of a revolution, thereby giving motion
to the endless chain 8 which is ensured by having lugs on the periphry
of the drums f7 so fit into and propel the endless chain 8. The links
of the endless chain f8 (Fig. 1) are of a suitable form to receive the cotton
tics, hoop iron, or such like articles upon them, one following the other,
so that after the punching, mortising, or slotting of one (which is done
by tools fixed in the tool holder y, and the block or dic -holder =), the
ram al retires, causing the links f1 to lift the lever f9 (Figs. 6 and 7)
sufficiently to allow the finished article to pass, after which the said
lever f9 falls in time to secure the next cotton tie, hoop iron, or such
like article which may be brought under the ram al; f10 is a spring
applied to the lever f9 to keep it down to its work. The drums f7 are
keyed upon the shaft f11, and the shafts /11 work in the brackets/12,
bolted upon the die block z. A weight 13 is so arranged as to take
up the slack caused by the wear in link gear so as to insure the cotton
ties, hoops, and such like articles being brought and held centrally
or in a proper position with the punches and dies Y and Z.
I will now describe my method for what I call "bunting," that is,
the partial forming of the head and neck of the bolt, rivet, spike, or
such like articles under the one nipple or top tool, and the completion of
the head and neck under the other top tool or tools, for which purpose
I employ two or more nipples or top tools in the ram al, and in the
saddle I place one or more bores or under tools, so that the saddle b
may be caused to slide under all the top tools or nipples required in the
ram al without the necessity of extracting the unfinished article from
the bore or under tool and placing it in another for completion, for by

page_text: our method the head and neck of the bolt is formed complete in the
same bore or under tool.
Having now described my said improved machine, and the manner
of its workings, I desiro it to be understood that I am aware that the
said machine herein-before described is in several of its details not new,
and I do not desire to make any claim for the tools or dies employed,
but being in duplicato and actuated from the one shaft, I claim the
machine in its composite character as shown, and which duplication
also applies to the sliding saddle or under tool holder carrying the
duplicate bore or under tools, and the manner of actuating the saddle
automatically.
I also claim the manner hercin-before described of feeding hoops,
cotton ties, and such like articles to the machine for punching, slotting,
or mortising, and the method of feeding the same, also as described,
together with the automatic action of the same as applied to the
manufacture of cotton ties, and such like articles.
I do not confine myself to the precise mechanism herein-before
described for actuating the sliding saddle and endless chain, for this
may be done by other mechanical equivalents, although I prefer the
plans hercin-before described. The same remarks apply to the
compound slide actuating the male and female punches and lifters,
which may be modified practically to any special requirement.
It will be therefore understood that the main features of this machine
are that in the manner herein-before expressed and as illustrated in .
the accompanying Drawings, the removing, replacing, or exchanging
any of the tools, dies, or appliances may be effected at pleasure, and
that my improved machine is convertible to any and all of the
purposes named in the title, or any two of them, at one and the same
timc.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph John Seckings, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Eighth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one