matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING ORES AND MINERALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Landrin and Louis Joseph
Soulé at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st January 1860.-Partly a communication from abroad by
Henri Charles Landrin, late of No. 79, Rue de Seine, but now residing
in Portugal.
We, HENRI LANDRIN, of 79, Rue de Seine, Engineer, and LOUIS JOSEPH
SOULE, of 4, Rue de Montholon, Advocate, both of Paris, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING ORES AND
MINERALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in washing ores and
minerals. Heretofore ores and minerals have sometimes been washed by
their being thrown on to the top of a column of water, the heavy metallic
parts being then separated by their falling to the bottom of the vessel con-
taining the water quicker than the lighter parts with which they were mixed.
But in order effectually to separate all the metallic parts by this means, a
great height of water is necessary. Now, for washing ores and minerals
according to this Invention a column of water is employed, and a rotary motion
is given to the water around the axis of the column by which means a much
shorter column of water may be employed than heretofore, as the heavy
metallic parts will fall nearly in a straight line to the bottom of the vessel
containing the water, whilst the lighter parts will descend in a spiral direction
following the direction of the movement of the water. The apparatus which
it is preferred to employ for carrying out the Invention consists of a cylinder

page_text: or tube for containing the water; into the top of this tube a vertical axis
descends a short distance; this axis has blades fixed to it of a suitable form for
giving a rotary motion to the water when the axis is rotated. The bottom of
the cylinder or tube is fitted with a cock, and on to the tube below the cock a
short tube, closed at the bottom, is fitted. When working with this apparatus
the cock at the bottom of the tube is opened, and the tube is filled with water,
the axis is then caused to revolve, and a quantity of ore or mineral sufficient
to fill the short tube is thrown into the top of the cylinder, the heavy metallic
parts will then descend nearly in a straight line to the bottom of the short
tube, whilst the lighter parts will descend slowly in a spiral direction, and will
be deposited in the short tube on the top of the metallic parts first deposited ;
the cock at the bottom of the cylinder is then closed, and the short tube
removed, when the metallic parts may be readily separated from the gangue
or lighter parts with which they are mixed; the small tube is then replaced
on the end of the cylinder, and the same operation is repeated.
A NEW WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th April 1860.-A communication from abroad by Louis Nicolas
Guillaume Dupont, of Louviers, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW WOVEN FABRIC AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME,'
(communicated to me from abroad by Louis Nicolas Guillaume Dupont, of
Louviers, France,) to be as follows:-
The new fabric, which forms the subject of the present Invention, is
intended chiefly to replace strips of cloth used in making list shoes. The
strips of cloth now generally employed for this purpose have no selvage, and
are consequently liable to fray and unravel at the edges.
The fabric made according to this Invention is a narrow woven fabric com-
plete in itself, composed of a number of warp threads tied or united at
intervals by weft threads, and afterwards fulled or felted like cloth. To manu-
facture the fabric the warp threads are divided into a series of groups, each
composed of 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 threads, more or less; each group is separated
from that or those next to it by a small space. The groups of warp threads
are tied or united at intervals by weft threads shot across the whole of them
by a shuttle, and there are as many separate fabrics produced as there are
groups of warps. The warps and the weft are of woollen threads, but different
materials may be used. The fabric as it comes from the loom, and before

page_text: being separated into as many narrow widths as intended, is fulled, and the
fulling should be performed speedily not to impair the threads. After fulling,
the whole piece of fabric should be held at the two ends and stretched, when
it can be separated into the narrow width fabrics by tearing or cutting the
weft threads which unite the groups of warps. The fabric may be died any
color, either before or after being manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING SULPHUR, SULPHITE, AND HYPOSULPHITE OF LIME AND OXIDE OF MANGANESE FROM BYE OR WASTE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Townsend and James
Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 9th July 1860.
We, JOSEPH TOWNSEND, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturing Chemist, and JAMES WALKER, of the same Place,.
Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING SULPHUR, SULPHITE, AND HYPOSULPHITE OF LIME
AND OXIDE OF MANGANESE FROM BYE OR WASTE CHEMICAL PRODUCTS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the utilization of the bye or waste material produced
in the manufacture of soda, and other similar products containing sulphides,
oxysulphides, sulphite, and hyposulphite of lime, magnesia, baryta, strontia,
potash, soda, and ammonia, with a view to the recovery of the sulphur and
other useful materials therefrom.
The improvements also relate to the recovery of oxide of manganese from
the chloride of manganese obtained as a bye-product in the manufacture of
chlorine, and from other soluble salts of manganese; also to the obtaining of
the sulphite and byposulphite of lime from soda waste and other generally
similar products.
Under one process for recovering sulphur from soda waste the material
is lixiviated with water in any convenient manner, and the solution is mixed
with chloride of manganese liquor, which has been previously freed from iron.
The two solutions are mixed in such proportions as will effect the desired

page_text: decomposition. The proportions as a general rule are about nine gallons of
waste liquor of a specific gravity of 1-05 to one gallon of manganese liquor,
specific gravity 1.20; as a rule it is preferred to have the mixture slightly
alkaline. The precipitate which is thrown down consists of free sulphur and
sulphide of manganese; this is allowed to subside and the supernatant liquor
is drawn off or run into a sewer. The precipitate is collected, drained upon
filters, and cut into cubes of two or three inches, which are dried at a tempera-
ture not exceeding 212° Fahrenheit. The dried precipitate is now ready to
be used for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, which is by preference effected
in apparatus similar to that ordinarily employed in burning pyrites. The
residue after being burnt consists chiefly of the oxide of manganese with a
trace of sulphur. For the production of sulphite or hyposulphite of lime, the
solution from the soda waste is evaporated to dryness, and then burut in a
furnace, the residual mass being the product desired.
Under another modification the solid bye or waste products are treated by
boiling or agitation with the soluble salts of manganese, so as to produce a
similar precipitate to that obtained by solution alone.
by Robert Dressel and Augustus
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Dressel and Augustus
Figge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th June 1860.
We, ROBERT DRESSEL, of Amelia Villas, De Beauvoir Grove, Kingsland
Road, & AUGUSTUS FIGGE, of High Holborn, both in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF YEAST," to be as follows:-
To make 30 pounds of fine flavored dry yeast from the bitter yeast, the
result of porter and ale brewing, we take about 30 quarts of the above yeast,
put it into a tube, and add 6 lbs. of soda dissolved in a suitable quantity of
fresh water, after this beat up the mixture and stir it well, and subsequently
let it stand to settle, draw off the water and add a little potash, fill the tub
again with fresh water, stir and beat it well, and allow it to settle, after it has
settled draw off the water and put the substance into closely woven linen bags,
which must be tightly and well tied. We now place these bags under a press,
when the water is pressed out the yeast is ready for use. If it is to be kept
for any length of time this yeast must be dried in the open air and stored in
suitable vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GASES FOR ILLU- MINATION AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry John Standly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 5th July
1860.
I, HENRY JOHN STANDLY, of 9, Pall Mall East, in the City of Wesminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GASES FOR ILLU-
MINATION AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate particularly to the production of oxygen and
bydrogen gases, and consist in the treatment of water by the agency of the
manganate of potassa, and the manganate of soda by means of heat in a
suitable apparatus, whereby I effect the decomposition of the water in which
they are dissolved into its constituent elements, oxygen and hydrogen, which I
thus obtain with facility and economy for the purposes of illumination, and
various chemical processes and manufactures.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE HYDRAULIC PUNCH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Baragwanath at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1860 A communication from abroad by Richard Dudgeon, of the City
of New York, in the United States of America.
I, MICHAEL BARAGWANATH, of Church Lane, Truro, in the County of
Cornwall, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PORTABLE HYDRAULIC PUNCH," (being a communication from
abroad by Richard Dudgeon, of the City of New York, in the United States.
of America, to be as follows:-
The punch and die are at opposite sides of an opening to admit the bar or
plate to be punched in a solid strong metal piece forming the basis of the
apparatus. The punch is pressed forwards by water injected into a chamber,.
in which the upper part of the punch works water-tight as a plunger or ram.
The punch is drawn back from the die by the action of a screw or cam, which.
moves a rod passing through a stuffing box or packing of washers in the
upper part of the chamber. The water is injected from a second chamber.
connected with the first by a small channel in the solid piece in which it is.
bored, and firmly attached to the piece containing the first chamber by a.
screw or other similar means. The water being placed in the second chamber..
is forced through a certain space for adjustment by a plunger with a screw:
cut on it, taking into a screw in the inside of the chamber, and provided at
one part with a proper packing or washer to make it water-tight. This last-

page_text: mentioned plunger has within it another third chamber, with a long thin
screw bolt working in it water-tight, and when the punch and die are
adjusted, this screw bolt is forced inwards by a key or handle at the end,
thereby injecting the water into the first chamber, and pressing the punch
forwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FURNITURE NAILS OR TACKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES PROVIDED WITH METALLIC PINS OR POINTS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
October 1860. A communication from abroad by Mr. Jean Felix
Bapterosses, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FURNITURE NAILS OR TACKS, AND OTHER ARTICLES PROVIDED WITH METALLIC PINS
OR POINTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of furniture nails or
tacks, and other articles provided with metallic pins or points is based upon an
Invention of improvements in the manufacture of buttons for which I obtained
Letters Patent bearing date January 31st, 1857. The present Invention
consists in employing in the manufacture of furniture nails and other analogous
pointed articles the processes formerly patented by me for making buttons.
In carrying out the Invention I make use of ceramic or other substances
or compositions suitable for forming the heads of nails, which, if desired, may
be ornamented. The heads, ornamented or otherwise, are arranged in a frame,
the openings or holes in the under side of the heads to receive the pins or points
being uppermost. In each of these holes a small lump of solder is placed, and
the frame is submitted to such a temperature as will be sufficient to melt the
solder. The pins or points are arranged in another frame in such a manner

page_text: as to coincide with the holes in the heads, and they are inserted in their proper
places by turning over the pin frame on the other, and pressing the butt ends
of the pins into the soft solder. It will be understood that this method of
securing metallic pins or points in ceramic substances and other hard matters,
such as mother-of-pearl or hard compositions is applicable to the manufacture
of a variety of articles besides those above mentioned.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WARPING AND BEAMING YARNS PREPARATORY TO WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Cooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1860.
I, BENJAMIN COOPER, of Frome, in the County of Somerset, Woollen Cloth
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WARPING AND BEAMING YARNS PREPARATORY TO WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
According to my Invention of improvements in warping and beaming yarns
preparatory to weaving, the yarns, after being sized and dried or prepared for
warping and beaming, either by an improved process invented by me, &
for which a Patent was applied for on the 23 March 1860, No. 759 or
in the ordinary manner, are wound direct from the spool, nap, or quill,
prepared by my improved process of sizing above referred to, or from the
ordinary hanks or spools. Instead of winding the yarns on to the beam they
are wound on to collars made of metal or other suitable material and which
are capable of being lengthened or shortened according to the number of
threads required to be wound thereon within a given width or space. These
collars are provided with side flanges of suitable depth, and made in such a
manner as to be capable of being slidden on to the warp beam one after the
other, so as to combine any required number of collars on one beam, according
to the intended width of the cloth to be woven. In order to prevent the
collars from turning on the beam independently of each other, they are

page_text: provided internally with teeth or studs, which fit in a longitudinal grove made
from end to end of the warp beam, by winding the yarn on to separate
collars; in this manner I am enabled to carry on the warping and beaming
operations within much less space and with greater convenience than
heretofore.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE SCAFFOLDING ADAPTED FOR CONSTRUCTING, ORNAMENTING, AND REPAIRING BUILDINGS, AND POR THE REMOVAL OF GOODS AND PERSONS THEREFROM IN CASES OF FIRE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Norton, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th January
1860.
I, CHARLES NORTON, of Saint's Martins Place, Camden Street, Camden.
Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said:
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE SCAFFOLDING ADAPTED FOR CONSTRUCTING,
ORNAMENTING, AND REPAIRING BUILDINGS, AND POR THE REMOVAL OF GOODS AND
PERSONS THEREFROM IN CASES OF FIRE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in so constructing a scaffolding as that it shall be
ready for use at any time, and shall be readily and quickly put up and
removed. To effect these objects it is proposed by this Invention to construct
a permanent scaffolding of any desired width and height, capable of being con-
veniently transported from place to place on wheels instead of building up a
scaffolding on the spot as commonly practised. For example, I take two
scaffold poles and brace them together at any given distance from each other;
and at or near the top of each pole I connect a pulley, over which passes a rope,
one end of which is affixed to a platform somewhat wider than the scaffolding.
and the other end of each of the aforesaid ropes is affixed to a winding barrel
or drum also connected to said platform midway of the length thereof, and
capable of revolving upon an axis on which is fixed a worm wheel, into which
gears a worm fixed on an upright spindle, at the top of which there is a
handle for imparting motion thereto for winding the aforesaid ropes around
the drum or barrel, or for. unwinding them therefrom according as it is desired

page_text: either to raise or lower the said platform. The platform may be kept steady
by guide rings passing round the two upright poles of the scaffolding; the
platform is also to be provided with a hand rail for protection of persons
thereon. By these means a workman can pass across the whole width of a
house with safety and ease, and can readily raise or lower himself to any
desired height.
To fix a scaffolding of the above construction it is only necessary to insert
the lower ends of the upright poles thereof into the ground, and then secure
the upper ends thereof by ropes to the roof of the adjoining buildings. When
it is desired to use the above-mentioned scaffolding as a fire-escape, the
platform may then be raised and lowered by the ropes which suspend the
platform, suitable mechanism being connected therewith to keep the platform
horizontal, and for securely holding and releasing same as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Birkbeck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
December 1860.-A communication from abroad by François Jules
Chéry, Captain in the Corps of Imperial Engineers, of Paris.
I, GEORGE HENRY BIRKBECK, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, of 34,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agents and Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR CONSUMING SMOKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam boiler and other
furnaces, whereby the heat and gases evolved from the fuel are more perfectly
consumed than in furnaces of the ordinary construction, and by supplying the
fuel in small quantities, and igniting it on the upper surface as it enters and
progressively advances into the furnace, a great saving of fuel is effected. For
this purpose it is preferred to mount the fire-bars in a frame supported on
wheels, on which it can move to and fro on a tram or railway into and out of
the ash-pit, and part of the series of fire-bars forming the fire grate are
capable of moving a short distance to and fro on the frame independently of
the other half of such bars, each series being composed of alternate bars; at
the front or entrance to the furnace an iron plate is fixed just above the sur-
face of the fire-bars and from it a vertical plate rises, which forms part of a
chest or hopper to receive the supply of coal or fuel, which is forced into the
furnace in small and regular quantities by a sliding ram or feeding instrument,
which is caused to slide to and fro at the bottom of the chest or hopper as

page_text: the fire-bars alternately recede and advance, thus feeding and distributing a
small charge or quantity of fuel, which is forced by the sliding ram from the
bottom of the hopper under a fixed plate on to the fire-bars. The gas evolved
from the fuel thus introduced is ignited and consumed by coming in contact
with a stream of heated air passing over the surface of the fuel, the air being
conducted through a pipe or passage placed under the fire-bridge to a chamber
in front of the furnace; the ignited fuel is thus brought in contact with that
which is in a state of incandescence, and is gradually conducted through the
furnace by the movement of the fire grate to the back part where currents
of cold air from the ash-pit are admitted near the bridge to perfect the
combustion.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF GILDING TOOLS FOR GILDING OR EMBOSSING ORNAMENTS ON LEATHER OR OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Gorrill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1860.
I, BENJAMIN GORRILL, Tool Maker, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF GILDING TOOLS FOR GILDING OR EMBOSSING
ORNAMENTS ON LEATHER OR OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
In the manufacture of tools used in embossing or impressing designs on
leather and other surfaces it has been the practice to form or shape the design
by the process or operation of die-sinking, that is to say, to cut away all the
external and intermediate metal not comprehended in the scroll work or foliage
of the design, which is a tedious and slow process; and my improvements
consist in making such ornaments by the process known as saw-piercing,
namely, the taking of a flat piece of metal, sufficiently thick as may be
required consistent with the size of the ornament, and of the amount of use
required from it (such piece of metal I prefer being of a uniform thickness),
and on its surface I draw the intended design; and the external and inter-
mediate portions of metal requiring to be removed I purpose effecting by the
process known technically as saw-piercing, and by this means I get a clear
defined outline of my design at comparatively little cost; and in this condition

page_text: I purpose pinning, screwing, or otherwise securing the design so formed on a
solid block, which may be of cast iron or other metal or material, to which, if
necessary, a handle or pad may be applied. The face of the design I purpose
finishing by the process of engraving now commonly in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crossley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st November
1860.
I, JOHN CROSSLEY, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Iron Moulder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING IRON OR OTHER METALS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to that part or process in moulding metals known as
"ramming," and which has heretofore been performed by hand labour, but
which I propose to accomplish by mechanical means. The apparatus consists
of a series of rammers of suitable form and size, arranged in sets side by side
in tables or frames, to which motion is given by means of rods attached thereto,
and connecting the same with eccentrics, cams, or tappets fixed on a rotary
shaft, which lift the said rammers and allow them to descend or fall by their
own weight, which fall may be accelerated and the weight increased by the
application thereto of adjustable spring pressure.
The eccentrics, cams, or tappets can be so arranged on the shaft as to lift or
operate the rammers in sets alternately, and the said rammers can be lifted or
removed out of contact with the moulding boxes by means of racks and
pinions, or by screws, and which also can thereby be set at any desirable
distance from the boxes, so as to give or produce more or less fall of the
rammers according to requirement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE OBTAINING OF LIGHT, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEBEIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josef Franz Mayr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1860. A communication from abroad by Johann Nepomuck Reithoffer,
of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, India-rubber Manufacturer.
I, JOSEF FRANZ MAYR, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
OBTAINING OF LIGHT, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEBEIN," a communi-
cation from abroad by Johann Nepomuck Reithoffer, of Vienna aforesaid,
India-rubber Manufacturer, to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to a peculiar system or mode of obtaining an instan-
taneous light, suitable for lighting a candle, for example, without the aid of
matches, and consists in the employment of a small frictional electric machine;
the disc or cylinder of the machine may be composed of glass, hard india-
rubber, or other material, but india-rubber is found to answer very well. The
"rubber" or pad is supplied with a peculiar amalgam, the composition of
which constitutes one of the main features of this Invention. This amalgam
consists of one part by weight of spelter or zinc, one part of tin, and one half
part of quicksilver. The spelter or zinc is first melted, and the tin is added
thereto, and well mixed together, after which the mercury is added to the
molten mass. The whole is now poured on to an iron plate, where it is cooled,
and subsequently reduced to powder in a mortar, and passed through a finc
sieve, which completes the preparation of the amalgam to be employed. The
current of electricity generated by the machine is conducted to a metallic

page_text: vessel containing a mixture of alcohol and sulphur, this vessel being insulated.
A cotton or other wick in this liquid is in connection with a charcoal electrode
carried by the cover of the vessel. Above the end of the electrode is a metal
wire or negative, for the purpose of obtaining the electric spark when the
machine is operated.
In using this apparatus for the obtainment of an instantaneous light it is
simply necessary to impart a sharp turn to the disc or cylinder of the electric
machine by means of a button for that purpose, whereupon the current gene-
rated thereby is conducted by a suitable conductor through the metal of the
vessel, and is discharged from the metal socket, which contains the charcoal
electrode. This charcoal being saturated with the alcohol and sulphur is
instantly ignited by the action of the electric spark, and remains ignited as
long as is required for obtaining a light for a taper or lamp, when it may be
put out by an ordinary extinguisher.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARETTES AND MOUTH-PIECES, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN MANUFACTURING CIGARETTES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jobin and Auguste Boll
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 22nd August 1860.
We, JOSEPH JOBIN, of Robert Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex,
and AUGUSTE BOLL, of the same Place, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CIGARETTES AND MOUTH-PIECES, AND IN
APPARATUS USED IN MANUFACTURING CIGARETTES," to be as follows:-
The tobacco which we employ is placed on an endless cloth, which conducts
it to a carding or combing apparatus, which serves to open it out, and to
separate the fine or small particles, and straighten out the filaments, so as to
form the long tobacco into a sheet, and the fine or small particles fall under
the machine. The paper is cut to the proper form, and is laid upon a piece
of oilcloth or leather varnished on one side. The long tobacco is held by its
two extremities, and the fine or small is used to fill up the vacant spaces.
By means of this cloth or leather envelope it is then rolled up, and pressed to
the desired hardness, and it is afterwards placed in a tapered or conical tube,
and left to dry for several hours. The cigarette is then removed from the
envelope, and the edge of the paper pasted or gummed to unite the same, and
the ends are then cut so as to expose the tobacco. The cigarette is then
placed in a press, which gives a smooth and finished appearance thereto, and
at the same time forms two small air passages therein to facilitate the burning
of the tobacco. By this method of forming the cigarettes, we can employ the
thinnest kinds of paper, tobacco leaves, or any kind of thin metallic foil for

page_text: the wrapper or case. For smoking these cigarettes we employ a move-
able mouth-piece or tube made of amber, coloured or other glass, or other
suitable material, having at the end a tip of vulcanized indian-rubber or
gutta percha.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS FOR RIVER NAVIGATION
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Moy and Frederick Bayly
Wardroper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th October 1860.
We, THOMAS MOY, of No. 1, Clifford's Inn, in the City of London, Mecba-
nical Engineer and Naval Architect, and FREDERICK BAYLY WARDROPER, of
Warwick Square, Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, a Major in Her
Majesty's Indian Army, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VESSELS FOR RIVER NAVIGATION,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention has reference to flat-bottomed vessels of great length and
breadth, but of small draught, adapted for navigation in shallow rivers, and
consists in forming the bows or front part of such vessels with a concave sur-
face, having a tendency to raise and turn the water at each side of the stern or
cutwater instead of, with the usual convex surface of the bows, with a ten-
dency to displace the water by pressing upon it. By this improved form of
the bows the vessel is not required to be narrowed in front in the usual
manner to give speed; but the flat or nearly flat bottom of the vessel is car-
ried forward to the extreme limit of the stem or cutwater of the full breadth
of beam, also without any rise of floor. The fore edge of the bottom is formed
as sharp as is practicable, and the corners of the same are slightly rounded in
cases wherein the structure would otherwise be too thin. The stem rises ver-
tically from the bottom, the front of which stem or cutwater forms a narrow
ridge at right angles with the fore edge of the bottom. The form of the

page_text: concave surface of the bows may be varied, but we prefer that it should be
spiral, so as to be capable of acting on the water in a manner somewhat
analogous to that of a plough on the earth. The form of the stern may be
varied, but we prefer to form it with a rising floor on cycloidal lines.
AN IMPROVED MAIN COCK OR TAP FOR REGULATING AND INDICATING THE SUPPLY OF GAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Nicholson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th January
1860.
I, JAMES NICHOLSON, of Middleton's Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MAIN COCK OR TAP FOR REGULATING AND INDICATING THE
SUPPLY OF GAS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists of a cock or tap with a plug, to which is fixed a
pointing hand moved by means of a lever, which lever works over a dial plate,
the said dial plate indicates the different supplies of gas desired for con-
sumption. I have cast on each side of the cock or tap an elbow, the angles
of which can be varied to suit situations; the said elbows are for connecting
the iron tubes with the main cock or tap at the back of the dial plate, and in
the body of the main cock or tap is fitted a lubricator or apparatus for greasing
the said main cock or tap. I do not confine myself to the precise details above
written; but I claim any apparatus or machinery upon the like principle or
contrivance which may be used to the effect aforesaid.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MULES FOR SPIN- NING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Peter Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
November 1860.
I, THOMAS PETER BENNETT, of Gilnow Mills, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MULES FOR SPIN-
NING," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the operation of doffing or
removing the cops from the spindles. A convenient mode of performing my
Invention is by means of a wedge which is drawn by self-acting machinery or
otherwise from one end of the mule carriage to the other, and in its passage
raises plates of metal or other material, which are placed between the bolster
rail and the buttons, fitting on the spindles or between the bolster rail and the
bottom of the cops; these plates, in rising, push the cops partly off the
spindles. To the wedge is connected a piece of metal or other material, which
presses on that portion of the cops projecting above the spindles, and bends
them slightly over, so that they will not drop down the spindles again; the
attendant then has only to lift the cops over the ends of the spindles, and
deposit them in the usual receptable. I wish to observe that the machinery
above described may be considerably varied or modified, and that the plates
for raising the cops up the spindles may be worked by hand, also that the cops
may be bent over the ends of the spindles by hand, instead of by the apparatus

page_text: above described; the wedge may also act direct on buttons placed on the
spindles, or on the bottoms of the cops; the plates between the bottoms of
the cops and the bolster rail may extend the whole or any portion of the length
of the carriage, and be raised by racks and pinions or other equivalent agents.
Another part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of applying
paste to the yarn, forming the bottom and the nose of the cops; the apparatus
consists of a carriage mounted on the carriage of the mule; this carriage is
provided with a roller or other equivalent running in a vessel containing paste,
and in its traverse along the mule carriage the paste is imparted to the yarn,
which is then distended from the rollers to the spindle points.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPORTIONS OF INGREDIENTS AND MODE OF MANU- FACTURE OF A CHEMICAL COMPOUND FOR SOFTENING WATER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anton Verwey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1860.
I, ANTON VERWEY, of No. 24, St. Augustine Road, Camden Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROPORTIONS OF INGREDIENTS AND MODE OF MANU-
FACTURE OF A CHEMICAL COMPOUND FOR SOFTENING WATER," to be as follows:-
The ingredients used are soluble silicate of soda in combination with
bicarbonate of soda, or other known ingredients that act upon the lime
salts contained in water, but I prefer the use of bicarbonate of soda.
The
water to be softened must be analised, and the degrees of hardness and
quantity of magnesian salts it contains per gallon ascertained. The degrees
of hardness determine the quantity of bicarbonate of soda, and the quantity
of magnesia the amount of silicate of soda respectively required to form
the proportions that either in solution or a powder will immediately soften
the water. To one gallon of water must be added two grains (a little more
or less) of the dry commercial bicarbonate of soda, for each degree of per-
manent hardness, and for each grain of magnesian salts an additional quantity
of silicate of soda containing 5.4 grains of silica. The water when heated
will greatly facilitate the action of the chemical combination. The ingredients
when formed into a powder is most suitable for mercantile purposes, and the
mode of manufacture of such powder is as follows:-The silicate of soda in

page_text: solution must be well mixed with the bicarbonate of soda in a dry state, and
the compound thus formed allowed to dry and harden. It is then ground
in a suitable mill, and after passing through a dressing machine the powder
is fit for use. I prefer the use of horizontal stones as a mill in which to
grind the compound, and also the use of a dressing machine, but the powder
in certain cases need not be passed through a dressing machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND IN THE MODE OF PROPELLING THEM
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1860.
I, WILLIAM MORRIS, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS, AND IN THE MODE OF PROPELLING THEM," to
be as follows (that is to say):
My Invention consists in the bottom or hull of the vessel below the water
line being curved upwards from amidships longitudinally and transversely,
with gradual curves, so that the speed of the ship or vessel may be increased
by reducing the angle of opposition to the water, and the hull thereby rendered
better adapted for the employment of my improved direct-action propellers,
which consist of horizontal sliding frames in connection with hinged leaves or
floats, to which an alternating movement is given through the medium of
eccentrics in gear with the driving shaft of the engine, the said engine being
actuated by means of a cylindrical boiler or generator furnished with tubular
return flues passing from the lower to the upper surface of the said boiler, and
thereby effecting economy in space and fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Bedells at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July 1860.
I, CALEB BEDELLS, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRACES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of braces.
For this purpose I employ a strong non-elastic fabric, which I cut to the form
of a brace, and with india-rubber or other cement I attach to each side of the
strip of strong fabric, so fashioned, a covering of a suitable ornamental fabric.
I then turn the face fabric over the edges of the strong or body fabric, so as to
produce a neatly finished edge; the fabric so prepared, when a button hole has
been formed at one extremity of it and suitable ends fitted to the other, becomes
a finished brace. In some cases, in place of in the first instance cutting the
strong non-elastic or body fabric to form, I take a continuous strip of uniform
width of the body fabric, and cover the same at the face and back, as already
described, the edges being finished in the same manner; thus a web is pro-
duced which may be made up into braces in the same manner as elastic webs
are commonly made up. If the face and back fabric employed is of sufficient
substance, the body fabric may be omitted when making a fashioned brace, the
edges being finished by turning over the face fabric as when a body fabric is
used.
Braces may also be manufactured from webs formed by connecting together
a face and back fabric without any intermediate body fabric, but as before
finished at the edge by turning over the face fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING RAGS AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1860.
I, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING RAGS AND OTHER MATERIALS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a revolving cylinder, between
which and a concave surface the rags or other materials are caused to pass
together with a stream of water or other fluid. As the said cylinder revolves
the concave surface is caused to travel around its axis for a portion of a
revolution to and fro, during which it is drawn towards the cylinder by cords
or chains passing over pullies, and attached to weighted levers, or by other
means which will allow of elasticity. I construct the cylinder and the concave
surface aforesaid with corrugations or with other uneven surfaces.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING EDGE AND OTHER CUTTING TOOLS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lane at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1860.
I, JOSEPH LANE, of Cranbrook Street, Old Ford, in the County of Middesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING EDGE AND OTHER CUTTING TOOLS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention of improvements in apparatus for grinding tools consists in
the application of a swinging frame to the breast of a grinding stone, in which
frame the tool to be ground is fixed. This frame, which is free to swing
towards or from the grindstone, has a traversing motion communicated to it
from the motion of the stone's axis or otherwise, which traverses it to and fro
across the face of the stone. A binding screw or other means of fixing the
tool to be ground is mounted on the swinging frame. According to the bovil
at which the tool is to be ground, the swinging frame is advanced closer or
further from the face of the stone before fixing the tool, which in grinding is
pressed against the stone, either by force applied to the swinging frame or to
the tool itself. The cutting edge of the tool is formed and ground at right
angles, or more or less inclined to its length, according to the position in which
it is adjusted under the binding screw and its position relative to the face of
the stone. I give a slow reciprocating motion to the swing frame across the
face of the stone as compared with the velocity of the stone. This motion I

page_text: impart by means of a cranked lever, the one end of which is connected with
the swinging frame, the other with a lever, which is also in communication
with a cam groove in a wheel forming part of a train of wheels in connection
with the shaft of the grinding stone, or other motive power may be applied.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OVEN GRATES AND KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fisher, of Leamington, in the County of
Warwick, Jobbing Smith and Fitter, and Joseph Fisher, of Dudley, in
the County of Worcester, Tinman and Brazier, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OVEN GRATES AND KITCHEN
RANGES."
Sealed the 16th November 1860, and dated the 1st September 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fisher and Joseph
Fisher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 1st September 1860.
We, JOHN FISHER, of Leamington, in the County of Warwick, Jobbing
Smith and Fitter, and JOSEPH FISHER, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester,
Tinman and Brazier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OVEN GRATES AND KITCHEN RANGES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in making the ovens and closets of oven grates and
kitchen ranges moveable or separable from the said grates or ranges.
In the ordinary method of manufacture the said ovens and closets are fixed,
that is to say, cannot be removed from the grate or range, and are conse-
quently difficult of repair.

page_text: We make the said ovens and closets separate from the grate or range, and
insert them in their places at suitably formed openings made in the front of the
grate or range. The said ovens or closets are supported on suitably placed
slides in the grate or range. Ovens or closets made according to our Inven-
tion can be readily removed and repaired, and when similar ovens or closets
are used on both sides of the fire their places may be respectively changed
after having been used some time, so as to present the unused side to the fire.
By thus using the ovens or closets they last double the time of ordinary ovens
or closets.
AN IMPROVED METALLIC WINDOW SASH
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1860.-A communication from François Curé, residing at
Paris, Civil Engineer.
I, MARO ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METALLIC WINDOW
SASH," to be as follows:-
This sash is composed of two castings forming, when together, a double
frame, the lower section of which is fixed to the woodwork of the window and
serves as sole plate to the second, in which are sealed the panes of glass.
The opening of the first of these frames is surrounded by a cast ridge corre-
sponding with four grooves formed round the opening of the second frame or
pane-holder, so that when the latter is brought down the whole becomes
thoroughly air and water tight. At one extremity of the sole plate are cast
two or more hooks fitting into an equal number of loops cast in the end of the
pane-holder and forming a set of hinges on which the latter is raised and
lowered at will by means of a bar or bracket at the opposite extremity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR PAYING-OUT SUBMARINE CABLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caspar Loewenstein at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 17th May
1860.
I, CASPAR LOEWENSTEIN, of No. 87, Crutched Friars, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS FOR PAYING-OUT SUBMARINE CABLES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of a paying-out machine simply contrived as
follows:-A turn is given to the cable round an ordinary grooved wheel at
the stern of the vessel from which the cable is to be paid out. On the axle of
this wheel, and either on each or on one side of it, is placed a heavy bent
lever having its fulcrum forward of the wheel securely bolted to the ship, but
of course allowing the lever to move freely upon it. Over this lever hangs a
heavy pendulum mounted upon bearings set in a frame on cach side of the
lever, having a friction roller at the bottom of the ball to prevent it jamming,
the pendulum being free to move upon its axle, and at the same time of great
weight, retains always its vertical position and presses the lever down upon
the axis of the grooved wheel round which the cable passes, so as to form a
self-acting break. When the stern of the vessel sinks the lever sinking with
it, while the pendulum remains vertical the curved part of the lever receives
the ball of the pendulum, thus increasing the distance of the power (the weight
of the pendulum) from the fulcrum and so exerting more force to break the

page_text: wheel, and thus slow the paying-out. When the stern rises the reverse action
takes place and the cable pays out more freely. The pendulum is contrived so
as to enable its weight to be varied for the purpose of adjustment for varying
depths of water.