An Improved Process and Apparatus for Producing Sugar in the Form of Bars, Cubes, or other Shapes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 24th May, 1898-Accepted, 10th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process and Apparatus for Producing Sugar in the
Form of Bars, Cubes, or other Shapes.
I, RICHARD KOMMERELL, of Liuteranskaja No. 22, Kiew, in the Empire of
Russia, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: —
a
This new process and the hereto belonging apparatus has the purpose of evaporat-
ing as much as possible the filling mass to be worked and to obtain hereby
saving in the required clay clearing, whereby also a quick and complete swinging
or mixing is made possible and wages and time are saved. This is especially to be
obtained by the mould consisting of one piece and perforated on its ground sur-
face and flexible, whereby the evaporating of the filling mass can be effected and
the greatest limit of dryness procured, which produces a strong product and a
saving in the working of the syrups running off. The filling mass can be easily
swung out in these moulds and again saturated with clay clearing, as all surfaces
are easily accessible and the passage of the syrups does not take place in the
length of the bar, but in the width, that is, in the shortest distance, so that the
centrifugal machine becomes more effective. On account of the flexibility of
the mould the finished pieces can be removed from it in a simple manner, without
suffering damage, whereby less waste is obtained and work is saved. A further
saving of work and time is effected by the mould being able to be easily cleaned
and used again immediately.
As these moulds are clayed and swung off in a known tube centrifugal machine,
there is effected a further saving of cleare, which is increased also by a special
circulation tube for the cleare in the centrifugal machine itself, so that one
obtains a total consumption of the cleare equal to 25% of the sugar produced,
which reduces quite considerably the quantity of the after products obtained. A
further advantage of using the tube centrifugal machine is offered by the possi-
bility of separating very sharply by means of the same, the different clays from
one another, whereby the same clearing can be used several times.
In the annexed drawing:-
:-
Fig. 1 is an upper view of the mould.
Fig. 2 is the longitudinal section of the same.
Fig. 3 shows the filling box with inserted moulds and wedge.
Fig. 4 shows the double bottom of the filling case.
Fig. 5 is an upper view of the usual centrifugal machine with inserted moulds
and clay clearing cases.
Fig. 6 shows the same centrifugal machine in longitudinal section.
Fig. 7 is a tube centrifugal machine with inserted moulds and cleare receivers.
Fig. 8 shows the same in longitudinal section.
Fig. 9 shows the mixing tube from above fixed on a centrifugal machine.
Fig. 10 shows the same in side view.
Fig. 11 shows the same connected with the tube.
Fig. 12 shows from above the out filling device to be moved by hand.

page_text: Fig. 13 shows the same in longitudinal section.
Fig. 14 shows the mechanical filling device from above.
Fig. 15 shows the same in longitudinal section.
Fig. 16 shows the mould fixed in the band.
Fig. 17 shows the same at a bending of the band.
As shown in Fig. 1, the moulds consist of perforated flexible metal plates A,
on which cross walls B are fixed according to the size of the pieces to be manu-
factured. These moulds are placed next to one another in the filling cases (Fig. 3)
ready for being filled and are then pressed close to one another and held by means
of the wedge c.
By this means the moulds can be easily filled with the hot filling mass of any
concentration, as the perforations of the plate A facilitate the passage of the air,
and even a very concentrated filling mass will flow into the moulds equally. The
mass can be worked in three different manners. Either it is swung in the usual
sieve centrifugal machines, in which case the filling box has a closed bottom,
or the filling mass is clayed, like loaf sugar by pouring clay clearing on it, in
which case the box is provided with a sieve bottom a Fig. 4 and under the same
there is arranged a groove like bottom m for allowing the clay clearing to flow
off. Thirdly the working can take place in closed centrifugal machines with a
suitable tube arrangement, that is to say in machines which have no sieve mantle
but are closed, the separated syrup rising and being carried off by a pipe or tube-
and this manner of working is the most advantageous and cheapest.
After the mass has cooled the wedge c is taken out, the box is turned over and
the moulds, together with the whole mass, is then pushed out. The filled moulds
or frames can be easily separated from one another by means of a knife.
The centrifugal drum, as shown in Figs. 6 and 8 is covered all round with
segments d d and receives a charge of 3 rows of frames A which are inserted
loosely. Between each row there is slid a thin metal plate, in order that each
frame or mould can be swung off by itself. The centrifugal machine is then
started, the green syrup rises into the catching chamber and is guided from here
to III (Figs. 7 and 8) by means of the tube a which is connected with a moving
mechanism (Fig. 8) and can be moved to and fro by means of the screw 9 and
the hand wheel, this green syrup is treated as an after product. When all
the green syrup is driven away, the tube e is taken out and by means of a vertical
tube so much clay clearing is allowed to pass from a higher standing vessel
into the centrifugal machine that all the frames are covered with it. As the
liquid is under centrifugal pressure, the air is completely and quickly driven out
and the mass is completely impregnated with the clay clearing.
When this is done, the clay clearing is drawn by means of the tube e to II
(Figs. 7 and 8) as the same is still usable. The last parts are however better
allowed to go to II. When the filling mass has been of good quality, this one
clearing is sufficient; but if this is not the case, a second clearing is added, which
is then drawn off to I (Figs. 7 and 8) by means of the tube e. The last parts thereof
pass then to II. The consumption of II is replaced from I, the consumption of I
is replaced by ordinary good clay clearing. One can thus regulate at pleasure
the quality of I and II.
When an especially good mixing of the clearing with the mass is desired there
is arranged in the centrifugal machine a special tube k (Figs. 9-11), which passes
the clearing continuously from the upper catching chamber to the under part of
the centrifugal machine, whereby an active circulation of the clay clearing is
obtained in the whole interior of the centrifugal machine and also through the
filling mass.
This so called mixing tube k can be of various forms. The upper opening
of the same is like tube e opposed to the direction of the movement of the centri-
fugal machine, while the under end is opened in the direction of the movement,
or can also be opened towards the drum covering (Fig. 11). This tube must be
built in a stable manner into the centrifugal machine, but when emptying the

page_text: latter it must not be in the way and must be arranged in a movable manner
thereon. This tube can also branch off directly from the tube e (Fig. 11) in which
case it is provided with the valve l.
In order that the mixing tube is not in the way when emptying the centrifugal
machine, it is fixed by clamps k¹ on the cone and is provided with hinged joints
at the upper part at and at the under part at k³, so that these ends can be laid
on the cone during the emptying, whilst during the working they can be brought
into the position shown in Figs. 9 and 11. When the filling mass is worked in
usual centrifugal machines (Figs. 5 and 6) the frames must be taken out each
time and put into clay clearing baths III, II, and I (Figs. 5 and 6) in which after
the known manner they are impregnated with clay clearing. When the claying
is effected in the filling case itself, the latter must be provided with a double
bottom, that is to say, with a sieve bottom a and thereunder with the angular
solid plate m (Fig. 4). The latter has in the longitudinal direction the split
tube which is closed or opened by means of a displaceable rod N. The claying
is here effected in the same manner as in loaf sugar.
For separating the frames from the clayed sugar the arrangements, as shown
in Figs. 12 and 13, are utilized for hand operation or as shown in Figs. 14 to 17
for mechanical operation.
0
When operating by hand the frame is stretched over the rounded surface.
(Figs. 12 and 13), by jamming the end of the frame in at p and the other end is
then bent over to q, where it is kept fixed by the wedge r movable by means of
screw 1. The sugar bars can then be taken out easily and without fracture and
are brought to the drying chamber. When the manufacture is on a large scale,
a mechanical arrangement is preferable. In this arrangement there is stretched
over two rotary drums ss (Figs. 14 and 15) an endless flexible metal band t, which
has at uu slots or the like corresponding with the frames. Into these cuts or
slots there are laid the frames on the under side of the band t, and seated with one
end at vand fixed at the other by bolts w. When passing the under drum the
cross walls of the moulds spread radially and let therefor the sugar bars fall
down onto the endless band (Fig. 15) and are guided by means of the same to
the drying chambers. The empty frames rise upwards, are taken off at y, washed
and put again together into the filling cases ready for being again used. A pro-
tecting shield is arranged at. z. By the above described arrangement the sugar
bars are seldom broken, and the working cost is diminished considerably. The
frames are besides saved, as the curve of the round surface is in accordance with
the limits of the flexibility of the metal plates.
Having now. particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is;-
-
1. An improved process for producing sugar in cubes, plates or bars, charac-
terized by swinging it in moulds with perforated bottoms, not in the longest
direction of the moulds, but in the shortest direction thereof.
2. A mould for the process as in Claim 1 consisting of flexible perforated
bottom A with cross walls B fixed thereon at distances corresponding with the size
or form of the sugar to be produced.
3. A case for use in the process as in Claim 1 in which case the moulds as
described in Claim 2 are pressed together, and held by means of a wedge.
4. In the case as in Claim 3 the arrangement of a perforated plate a with an
angular bottom m arranged thereunder said angular bottom being provided with
a suitable outlet.
R
5. In the process as in Claim 1 the use of mixing tubes of any form k in the
interior of the centrifugal machine.
6. The arrangement of the mixing tube k 23 on the centrifugal machine.
7. In the process as under Claim I the use of emptying device operated by

page_text: hand, and characterized by a curved surface o with means for curving the mould
thereon.
8. In the process as in Claim 1 the use of a mechanical emptying device having
two drums ss over which a band t travels provided with slots or cuts u u corres-
ponding with the frames used, which band is provided with suitable holding
devices for securing the frame in the slots or cuts.
9. In the emptying device as in Claim 8 the arrangement of an endless travel-
ling band arranged under the lower drum s.
10. The process and apparatus for the manufacture of bar or the like sugar
substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 24th day of Mo 1808
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant, 18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.