IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHILLED. ROLLS FOR ROLLING AND PLANISHING METALS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jolin Robbins, of Tipton, in the County of
Stafford, Foreman of Moulders, and John Wood, of Tipton, afore-
said, Foundry Manager, and James Allbut, of Tipton, aforesaid,
Iron Boat Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHILLED. ROLLS FOR ROLLING AND PLANISHING METALS,
AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
Sealed the 19th March 1875, and dated the 6th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Robbins, Jolin
Wood, and James Allbut at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th October 1874.
WC, JOHN ROBBINS, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Foreman
of Moulders, and JOHN WOOD, of Tipton, aforesaid, Foundry Manager,
and JAMES ALLBUT, of Tipton, aforesaid, Iron Boat Builder, do licreby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHILLED ROLLS FOR ROLLING AND PLANISHING METALS, AND FOR
OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
the manufacture of chilled rolls for rolling and planishing metals, and

page_text: for other like purposes, the object of our Invention being to give
strength and durability to the said rolls, and to reduce to a minimum
the liability of the said rolls to rupture when in use or while cooling
down after casting:
"
In carrying our Invention into effect we fill, in the ordinary way, the
chills or chill mould in which the roll is to be made with the ordinary
mixtures of melted pig iron, the said pig iron being commonly called
chilled roll iron. Simultaneously with the melting of the chilled roll
iron, we also melt a quantity of tough or grey pig iron, and as soon
as the chills or chill mould has been filled and that portion of the
chilled roll iron in contact with the chills or mould has solidified, we
run or pour into the body of the roll (which is in a liquid state) through
the head of the roll or through a get" at the head of the roll the
melted tough or grey iron. As the tough or grey iron enters the body
of the roll under the pressure of the raised head or "get," it displaces
and forces before it the liquid chilling cast iron from the axial or
interior portions of the mould or roll, the said chilling cast iron being
replaced by grey and tough cast iron. The liquid metal thus forced
from the axial or interior portions of the roll, escapes either by the get,
by which the chilling cast iron was introduced into the mould, or by an
opening at the bottom of the mould. After a sufficient quantity of the
chilling cast iron has thus been displaced and replaced by tough or grey
iron, the chilled roll is allowed to cool and is finished in the ordinary
way. A chilled roll is thereby made, the interior portions of which are
composed of a tougher quality of iron than that of which its chilled
shell is composed. The said roll is by this means much strengthened
and made more durable.
Instead of using grey or tough cast iron for replacing the chilling
cast iron in the interior or axial portions of the roll, Bessemer steel, or
mixtures of steel, or pig iron mixed with wrought-iron scrap or other
mixtures or combinations of tough iron may be employed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Robbins, John Wood, and James Allbut in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 22nd March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
ROBBINS, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Foreman of Moulders,
and JOHN WOOD, of Tipton, aforesaid, Foundry Manager, and James
ALLBUT, of Tipton, aforesaid, Iron Boat Builder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said John Robbins, John Wood,
and James Allbut, Her special license that we, the said John Robbins,
John Wood, and James Allbut, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Robbins, John Wood, and
James Allbut, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHILLED ROLLS FOR ROLLING
AND PLANISHING METALS, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Robbins, John Wood, and
James Allbut, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Robbins, John Wood, and
James Allbut, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
that is to say :-
Our Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described

page_text: in the manufacture of chilled rolls for rolling and planishing metals, and
for other like purposes, the object of our Invention being to give
strength and durability to the said rolls and to reduce to a minimum
the liability of the said rolls to rupture when in use or while cooling
down after casting.
In carrying our Invention into effect we fill in the ordinary way the
chills or chill mould in which the roll is to be made with the ordinary
mixtures of melted pig iron, the said pig iron being commonly called
chilled rolled iron. Simultaneously with the melting of the chilled roll
iron, we also melt in a separate air furnace or cupola a quantity of
tough or grey pig iron, and as soon as the chills or chill mould has been
filled, and that portion of the chilled roll iron in contact with the chills
or mould has solidified, we run or pour into the body of the roll (which
is in a liquid state), through the head of the roll or through a "get" at
the top of the mould, the melted tough or grey iron. As the tough or
grey
iron enters the body of the roll under the pressure of the raised
head or "get," it displaces and forces before it the liquid chilling cast
iron from the axial or interior portions of the mould or roll, the said
chilling cast iron being replaced by grey or tough cast iron. The
liquid metal thus forced from the axial or interior portions of the roll,
escapes either by the get by which the chilling cast iron was introduced
into the mould, or by an opening at the top of the mould. After a
sufficient quantity of the chilling cast iron has thus been displaced and
replaced by tough or grey iron the chilled roll is allowed to cool, and is
finished in the ordinary way. A chilled roll is thereby made, the
interior portions of which are composed of a tougher quality of iron
than that of which its chilled shell is composed. The said roll is by this
means much strengthened and made more durable.
In order that our Invention may be the better understood, we have
represented in the accompanying Drawing an ordinary chill mould for
casting a chill roll, with which mould is combined the necessary
appliance for conducting away the displaced chilling cast iron, and we
will describe, with reference to the said Drawing, the manner in which
our Invention may be carried into effect.
a is the chill mould in which the body of the roll is cast, and b and c
are the ordinary sand moulds situated respectively at the top and bottom
of the said chill mould a, in which said sand moulds b and c the

page_text: wabblers and necks of the roll are cast; d is the get box into which in
succession the melted chilled cast iron and the melted tough or grey
iron are poured, to be conveyed at the proper times into the mould, the
said get box being in communication by means of the get or passage e
with the bottom sand mould c.
In connection with the part of the top sand mould in which the
neck is cast is a passage or runner f, by means of which passage or
runner the displaced chilling cast iron is conducted from the mould:
In casting a chill roll according to our Invention and by the use of
the apparatus represented, we pour the melted chilling cast iron into the
get box d, and fill the chills or chill mould a and the upper and lower
sand moulds b, c, with the said chilling cast iron, the said chilling cast
iron filling the passage or runner f to the level of the top of the sand
mould b. As soon as that portion of the chilling cast iron in contact
with the chills or mould a has solidified, which ordinarily occupies from
thirty seconds to two minutes, we pour into the get box d the melted
tough or grey iron. The said melted tough or grey iron enters the
mould at the bottom and under the pressure of the raised head or get
supplying it, displaces and forces upwards before it the liquid chilling
iron in the axial or interior portions of the roll, the said chilling cast
iron being replaced by the grey or tough iron last poured into the
mould. As the chilling cast iron is displaced by the grey or tough iron,
the former escapes by the passage or runner at the head of the mould,
the escaping chilling cast iron being received in a ladle or other
receptacle.
The quantity of chilling cast iron, which in this way may be
replaced by grey tough iron, depends upon the size of the roll and the
strength which the roll is required to possess; but we have found in
practice that for a chill roll of fourteen inches diameter, three-fifths of
the chilling cast iron in the interior portions of the body of the roll
may be replaced by grey tough pig iron with satisfactory results; but
we do not limit ourselves thereto. The roll thus cast consisting
of a chilled shell of chilling cast iron with a body or interior
portions of tough iron, is allowed to cool, and is finished in the usual
way.
Tand
1.1
111

page_text: runner f, as described, the second stage of the casting process may be
conducted as follows:-In place of using the same get box d to receive
the chilling cast iron and the grey or tough iron, a separate get box or
receiver may be used for the said grey or tough iron. In this case the
channel or runner f is removed and a get box is placed at the head of
the mould at the position marked A, and in connection with the neck
part of the top sand mould b. After the mould has been filled with the
chilling cast iron from the get box d, as before described, the grey or
tough iron is poured into the second get box at A at the head of the
mould, and the liquid chilling iron in the interior of the cast roll
replaced by the said grey or tough iron, the said chilling cast iron being
forced downwards from the interior of the roll and escaping at the
bottom thereof through the get e into the get box d. Or the displaced
chilling cast iron may escape directly by the horizontal part of the get e
which may have a tap hole for that purpose.
Instead of using grey or tough cast iron for replacing the chilling cast
iron in the interior or axial portions of the roll, Bessemer steel or
mixtures of steel, or pig iron mixed with wrought-iron scrap, or other
mixtures or combinations of tough iron may be employed.
Athough our Invention is especially applicable to the manufacture of a
chilled rolls for rolling and planishing metals, yet our said Invention is
also applicable to the manufacture of chilled rolls for other purposes
where the pressure of rolls having hard surfaces is required, such for
example, as the crushing of ores or minerals.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner a
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described, as
the same may be varied without departing from the nature of our
Invention; but we claim as our Invention, the improvements in the
manufacture of chilled rolls for rolling and planishing metals, and for a
other like purposes, herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, giving strength and durability
to chilled rolls by so conducting the casting process by which the said
rolls are manufactured, that the axial or interior portions of the chilling
cast iron cast in the chill mould is displaced while in a liquid state, and 3
replaced by tough or grey cast iron or other tough iron, or by steel or

page_text: mixtures of steel and iron, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Robbins, and John Wood,
and James Allbut, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
JAMES KEAY,
Great Barr.
JOHN ROBBINS. (L.S.)
JOHN WOOD.
(L.S.)
JAMES ALLBUT. (L.S.)