IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING AND WINDING, AND DOUBLING AND TWISTING FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Horrocks, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR DOUBLING AND WINDING, AND DOUBLING AND TWISTING FIBROUS YARNS
OR THREADS"
Sealed the 15th November 1878, and dated the 10th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Horrocks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1878.
JAMES HORROCKS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING, AND WINDING, AND
DOUBLING AND TWISTING FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS."
Firstly. My Invention relates to a combination and arrangement of mechanism
for doubling and winding, and consists in making the horizontal drums, which
drive the bobbins upon which the thread is to be wound, with a groove in the
middle of each of them to give clear space for the end of a lever to rise and lift
the bobbin from the drum when a thread breaks, and thus stops the bobbin.
This lever (one for each bobbin) is on a fulcrum on a bracket, and at one end has
jointed to it a balanced catch, which is brought by the fall of one or more of the
detector wires against the teeth of a rotary ratchet on a shaft passing lengthway
of the machine.
Secondly. My Invention relates to a combination and arrangement of machinery
for doubling and twisting, and is more particularly applicable for making sewing
threads and banding, and consists in placing the bobbins cf doubled threads to
be twisted and doubled on separate spindles, having flyers similar to those
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and John Horrocks,
and Edward Whalley, and No. 3793, and dated 13th October 1877, so that as the
threads are drawn off the bobbins they will be twisted by the rotation of the flyers.
From the flyers the threads to form one cord are collected into one guide eye, and
then pass several times round two plain but roughened cone or cylindrical rollers

page_text: on separate parallel shafts, the threads passing between the rollers being kept apart
and guided between the rollers by forks or pins.
One of these rollers is made larger than the other, or one shaft is driven faster
than the other, to give stretch to the threads between the rollers; and when the
threads leave the rollers the strands pass through separate guide eyes in a disc, and
along channels in a cone, part from the disc, and then to the flyer and bobbin on
the spindle, which puts in the twist to unite the strands together. The cone part
just named causes the strands to come and twist together in a uniform manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Horrocks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
December 1878.
"
JAMES HORROCKS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING AND WINDING, AND
DOUBLING AND TWISTING FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS."
Firstly. My Invention relates to combinations and arrangements of mechanism for
doubling and winding, and one modification of iny Invention consists in making
the horizontal drums which drive the bobbins upon which the thread is to be
wound, with a groove in the middle of each of them to give clear space for the end
of a lever to rise and lift the bobbin from the drum when a thread breaks, and
thus stop the winding. This lever (one for each bobbin) is on a fulcrum on a
bracket, and at one end there is a latch lever jointed, which holds that end of the
lever up against the tension of a spring or weight acting to pull it down, and cause
the other end of the lever to lift the bobbin. This latch lever has a balanced lever
jointed upon it, one end of which, when one or more of the detector wires drop
upon the other end, is brought in contact with the teeth of a rotary ratchet, which
thus moves the latch lever and allows the spring or weight to lift the bobbin.
Another modification of my Invention consists in lifting the bobbin from the
drum by its pivots or axis which rotate in bearings in a lever frame; this lever
frame being jointed on a fixed shaft or rod passing from end to end of the machine,
on which there is also another lever, which is so connected with the lever frame by
a pin in the latter that enters a slot in the former lever, which is acted upon by a
spring or weight to lift the lever frame, and thus the bobbin from the driving
drum, an arm from this lifting lever being held up by a sliding latch until a thread
breaks or is absent, when one of the detector wires drops, and a obliquely toothed
ratchet rotating on a shaft below pushes the detector wire to one side, as they are
carried in a projection from the sliding latch, which is thus moved, and this allows
the levers to act.
Another modification is the same as that last described, except that in place of
the obliquely toothed ratchet there are teeth, projections, or holes in a bar passing

page_text: from end to end of the frame, which has a rapid to-and-fro motion imparted to it
by any suitable means, but by a crank or excentric by preference.
Secondly. My Invention relates to combinations and arrangements of mechanism
for doubling and twisting, one modification being particularly applicable for making
sewing threads and banding, and consists in placing the bobbins of doubled threads
to be twisted and doubled on separate spindles, having flyers similar to those
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and John Horrocks,
and Edward Whalley, and Number 3793, and dated the 13th October 1877, so that
as the threads are drawn off the bobbins they will be twisted by the rotation of
the flyers, which have arrangements applied to them for regulating the "drag" upon
the bobbin. From the flyers the threads to form one cord are collected on a guide,
and then pass several times round two plain but roughened or fluted cones or
cylindrical rollers on separate parallel shafts, which rollers are placed either in a
horizontal or vertical position; and the threads passing between the rollers aro
kept apart and guided between the rollers by forks or pins, or by a grooved roller
free to rotate on a stud.
One of these rollers is made larger than the other, or one shaft is driven faster
than the other, to give stretch to the threads between the rollers; and when the
threads leave the rollers the strands pass through separate guide eyes in a plate,
and along channels in a cone part attached to the plate, and then to the flyer and
bobbin on the spindle, which puts in the twist to unite the strands together. The
cone part causes the strands to come and twist together in a uniform manner; and
this cone part is hinged upon a bracket, so as to be turned out of the way when
the flyer and bobbin are to be removed. The strands as they pass to be twisted
are liable to break and damage the machinery, and this part of my Invention also
consists in applying a stop motion, so that when a thread breaks in a banding
machine the driving belt will be guided on to the loose pulley.
In the case of doubling and twisting machines, where there are many twisting
spindles in the same machine I arrange the spindles and the drum roller or rollers
which draw the threads from the cops or bobbins and deliver them to the flyer,
which twists and winds the thread on to the bobbin on the spindle, so that when
a thread breaks both the drum or rollers and the twisting spindle will be stopped
separately without stopping the other rollers and spindles. The stop mechanism
which I use in this case is that with the quick reciprocating bar passing from end
to end of the frame referred to under the first head of my Invention.
Fig. 1 is an elevation, and Fig. 2 is a plan view, showing so much of the
mechanism for doubling and winding on one bobbin as will be necessary for
illustrating one modification under the first head of my Invention.
a is a shaft passing from end to end of the machine, and having drums a¹ at
suitable distances apart, which drums are or may be arranged to drive one bobbin
on one side and another bobbin on the other side of the machine. The bobbin (b)
is arranged with the ends of its axis or spindle in inclined grooves in a bracket c
attached to a bean of the framing. The drum a¹ has a groove in it to give space
for the end of a lever d, having its fulcrum (d) on a bracket also secured to a
bean forming part of the framing. One arm of this lever d rests on a step in the
end of a latch e jointed on a bracket secured. to the beam. This latch has two
steps, so that when it is moved the end of the lever d can drop off one step on to
the next lower; and the latch has a weighted arm to press it towards the end of
the lever d. Upon the latch there is jointed a balanced lever f, which has one arm
with a cross bar for the detector wires g to fall upon, which wires are or may be
of the ordinary kind and centred on a cross bar fi on the balanced lever on its
fulcrum, or on an independent fulcrum.
The tail of the balanced lever comes under a ratchet (1) placed on a shaft h¹,
passing from end to end of the machine, and rotating in suitable bearings; but
when one of the detector wires falls upon its arms by the breakage or absence of a
thread, its tail comes against the teeth of the ratchet, and this pushes the latch e
away from the end of the lifting lever d, and allows it to fall one step. It is causod

page_text: to descend by a spring or weight acting upon a cord or wire represented by the
lines, and when it descends, the surface of the bobbin being wound, is lifted out of
contact with the drum a¹. The lever d is pushed down, so that its end will rest
again on the top step of the latch e by pressing upon that end of it above the
bobbin.
The threads pass or may pass from the cops or bobbins, arranged in any ordinary
manner, over a rod, each of them passing through a detector wire, over another rod
through the slit or guide of any ordinary distributing guide or "traverse
bobbin.
" on to the
The second and third modifications are illustrated by Fig. 3, a side elevation ;
Fig. 4, a front elevation; Figs. 5 and 6, other front elevations; and Fig. 7, a side
elevation.
a, the drum shaft, the drum a¹ acting for one bobbin or for two bobbins, one on
each side of the machine. d¹ is a fixed rod passing from end to end of the machine,
which rod forms the axis for the lever frame d and lifting lever d for each bobbin.
The rod is carried by brackets d³ secured at intervals to a beam forming part of
the frame of the machine. The lever frame d may be formed in one piece, but as
shown it is made in one piece to which two side brackets are secured, each having
grooves in them to carry the ends of the axis or spindle of the bobbin being wound.
One side frame has a pin dx in it that passes into a slot in the lifting lever d²
centred on the rod.
When the bobbin 6 is winding and is against the drum (a¹), the end of the arm
of the lifting lever de rests upon a step in the upper edge and end of a sliding
latch e, which sliding latch is guided between slots or a fork in a bracket secured
to the beam. This latching slide e has tension put upon it to slide it towards the
lifting lever by an helical spring e¹, one end of which is secured to the bracket of
the slide, and the other to the slide e.
There is a projection from one side of the slide e, which will come against one
fork of the bracket when the spring e' has pulled the slide far enough. The lifting
lever is pulled down to lift the lever frame d and bobbin by a spring i, one end
of which is secured to the arm from the lifting lever, the other to a rod passing
from end to end of the frame (see Fig. 8).
From the latching slide e there is a projecting arm upon which a rectangular
frame e is forned. In this frame, at suitable distances apart, holes are drilled for
one leg of the detector wires (g) to pass through, and in the front edge of the
rectangular frame a slot is cut opposite the holes for the detector wires, this slot
being for the other arm of the detector wires. These wires are first bent in staple
form, then the round end is bent to form a double hook; one leg of the wire extends
when the wire is allowed to fall below the bottom of the rectangular frame, the
other leg passes into the slot, and its end is then turned toward the other leg; thus
arranged, the wire cannot turn round, and the bent end of the shorter or front leg
prevents it from lifting too high or descending too low.
Under the rectangular frame for the detector wires there is a shaft h¹ passing from
end to end of the frame, and rotating in suitable bearings, and on this shaft there is
a toothed wheel h, the teeth being formed in an oblique direction to the axis of the
shaft, like a worm wheel, only more oblique.
When the detector wires fall, the euds come in the teeth, which act upon them,
and thus force the sliding latch e to one side and release the lifting lever d², which
by the action of the spring i lifts the lever frame d and bobbin b, when the slot in
the lifting lever comes against the pin in the lever frame.
The slot in the lifting lever d is to allow the lifting frame to rise as the bobbin
fills.
The shaft with the wheels upon it will have to be rotated to produce the required
movement of the latch, according to the direction in which the inclination of the
teeth is formed.
When the lever frame d is lifted, the bobbin is thrown forward, and tends to
continue to rotate, but when thrown forward the end of the spring d³, secured to

page_text: the lever frame, comes against the carrier beam, and this throws the frame back
until one head of the bobbin rests against a projection d' on the lifting lever, which
acts as a brake to stop its rotation.
In place of the rotating shaft (Figs. 6 and 7) a bar h³ is or may be arranged to
pass from end to end of the frame guided in forked brackets secured to the beam,
each bracket having a roller for the lower edge of the bar h² to rest upon. This
bar has reciprocations given to it endways, say, 100 per minute, by means of a
crank or excentric driven from any convenient rotary part of the machine, and the
vibrations are, say, to the extent of half an inch to and fro. On the bar h², and for
each bobbin, a toothed part h³ is secured, so that its teeth will come against the
ends of the detector wires g when they fall. This toothed part h³ is fixed so that
when the bar h has arrived at the end of its back oscillation, the teeth acting upon
the detector wires will just be so far clear as to allow them to drop, and when the
bar begins its front movement it will come against the detector wire or wires, and
push them and the latching slide with it; then, say, the first quarter of an inch of
movement (as arranged) will release the lifting lever d², and as it descends its side
acts against the bevel end of the latch, which is thus pushed a little further, so that
the teeth on the vibrating bar will not come against the detector wires while the
latching slide is in that position.
When the lifting lever d³ descends it comes against and rests upon a projection e*
on the side of the bracket.
Fig. 8 shows on a smaller scale the parts shown by Figs. 3, 4, and 5 in relation to
the end framing of the machine, and the direction in which the threads pass or may
pass from the bobbins or cops to the bobbin on which they are to be wound.
x represents the line from the cops or bobbins arranged in any ordinary manner;
they then pass through ordinary slit or guide plates over an ordinary pad or rod
under the detector hooks g, then to a pulley y running quite free on a pivot carried
on a bracket secured to the under side of the top board w, then through an eye or
curl in a wire secured to the traverse rail t for distributing the thread actuated by
mechanism in the ordinary manner.
One modification under the second part of my Invention is illustrated by Fig. 9,
a sectional elevation; Fig. 10, a back, and Fig. 11, a front elevation; and by other
detached Figures on an enlarged scale, which will be referred to herein-after.
a is an ordinary spindle, but carrying the flyer a', herein-before referred to. The
bobbin has a stud in its head, which enters a hole in a pulley as on the spindle, and
resting upon the disc of the flyer.
The bobbin has a stud in its head, which enters a hole in a pulley as on the
spindle and resting upon the disc of the flyer.
By means of a cord secured to one side or leg of the flyer, and then taken against
the pulley and round the end of a peg or screw a³ in the disc, greater or less friction
or "drag" can be put upon the pulley a², and thus upon the bobbin b, as desired. The
thread unwinds from the bobbin and passes under the curved leg of the flyer over a
notch in the bar c, then to a stud d at the other side of the machine, which stud has
pegs in it, so that the strands from the three spindles can be kept separated before
they are wound round the two vertical fluted rollers.
This is best shown by the detached Figures 12, 13, and 14, a front elevation, side
elevation, and plan respectively. d is the stud with separating pegs; e, the small
fluted roller, and e', the larger fluted roller; f is a stud which carries a double
separating and guiding comb f'. The threads pass from the stud d to the roller e,
through one of the spaces in the guide comb f to the large roller e¹, partly round
it through a space at the back of the guide comb f' to the small roller e, and round
the large and small rollers again, in like manner, but through different spaces in the
guide comb ; then the strands pass one to each slit in a comb plate g, and through
holes in a plate to which a cone part g' is secured, which has channels along it for
each strand; then the strands unite and pass to the flyer and bobbin arranged in
the ordinary manner. The cone and guide plate is secured on an arm g³, jointed on
a bracket g secured to the frame, so that it can be turned up out of the way when
.

page_text: the flyer and bobbin is to be taken from the spindle, but rests against a pin g
projecting from the side of the bracket when in the position shown in Fig. 9.
This cone is shown on an enlarged scale, and detached by Figs. 15, 16, and 17, a
front and side elevation and plan respectively. The copping rail h is moved up
and down in an ordinary manner, h' being rods by which it is guided in its
movement.
In Fig. 11, on the left, a spindle is shown, which is used for slightly twisting and
winding thread from cops arranged in any ordinary manner, and the threads, when
they pass from the guide above them (not shown) descend to a hook i, in a stand
(see enlarged detachment views, Fig. 18, a front elevation, and Fig. 19 a plan), and
then round a drum j (covered with leather) on a vertical axis, and round a groove
pulley free to revolve on a stud, as shown, and then to the flyer and bobbin.
The threads thus twisted and wound on the bobbin upon the spindle are placed on
the spindles at the back, and receive further twist as they are drawn off the bobbins,
ns herein-before described.
Drag is put upon the bobbins on the flyers in front by a cord and friction pulleys,
as herein-before described in reference to the spindles at the back of the frame, but
in this case the friction pulleys rest upon the copping rail h, and studs to which the
cords are secured are fixed in this rail, and the cords for both spindles are tightened
or slackened by a horizontal shaft h² in bearings on the copping rail, which has a
ratchet upon it into which a pawl enters, that is, jointed upon the copping rail. The
spindles are driven from a drum in the ordinary manner.
The rollers e, e¹, and j are driven by bevel wheels, gearing with bevels on a
horizontal shaft, driven from the first-motion shaft by ordinary and suitable
gearing.
To stop the machine when one of the strands breaks while passing from the
spindles at the back to the spindle at the front, and thus prevent damage, I place a
rod lengthway of the machine, capable of sliding endways like the latch slides (e),
shown by Figs. 3, 4, and 5, and on this bar I secure a guide to carry for each thread
or strand a detector wire, same as those shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5, and under this
sliding bar I arrange a reciprocating bar, same as the bar 2, described in reference
to Figs. 3, 4, and 5, so that when a detector wire falls from the breakage of a thread
the sliding latch bar carrying it will be moved endways, and this will act upon a
lever to release the stopping and starting handle for traversing the driving belt from
the fast to the loose pulley. This stopping handle is arranged like that of a self-
acting power loom, being made elastic, and so as to hold in a notch when the belt is
on the fast pulley, but when released from the notch by being pushed to one side
slightly, its elastic force traverses the belt on to the loose pulley and stops the
machine.
Fig. 20 illustrates a modification under the second head of my Invention, for
doubling and twisting when each spindle and its rollers for the thread has to be
stopped separately from the other spindles.
In this modification the spindle is driven by a pulley r, loose on the shaft r,
the cone boss of the pulley being brought in and out of gear with a cone clutch on
the shaft.
This mode of driving the spindle is the same as described in the Specification of
a Patent granted to John and Janes Horrocks and Edward Whalley, numbered 2439,
and dated the 23rd day of June 1877, and the drum j for drawing the threads from
the cops or bobbins is similarly arranged to one described in the said Specification,
and the improvements consist in combining the detector and stop mechanism, illus-
trated by Figs. 3, 4, and 5, with mechanism for stopping the drum and spindle when
a thread breaks or becomes absent.
The threads pass from the cops or bobbins over a pad bar t, and each thread
passes under a detector hook over a rod u, round the drum j, and grooved
roller k, then over the rod through the guide curl to the flyer and bobbin on the
spindle.
When a thread breaks the slide latch e allows the lever d to be pulled down by a

page_text: spring; this causes one arm of the lever to lift the drum j on its spindle, and its
bevel wheel out of gear, with the driving bevel to stop it, and the other arm of the
lever d acts upon a rod d', connected with the flat spring on the upper end of the
vertical shaft, which has a clutch fork upon it that acts upon the cone friction clutch
to put it out of gear to stop the spindle.
The lever d is lifted again to start the spindle and drum j by the handle forming
an arm from the lever d, as shown. This arrangement of stop motion and the cops
or bobbins in the position shown allows twisting spindles to be placed on opposite
sides of the frame or machine, so as to occupy less space.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and the modes of
carrying it into effect, and claim as my Invention,--
Firstly. The combination and arrangement of stop mechanism in machines for
doubling and winding threads, with a lever for lifting the bobbin from the drum
when a thread breaks, substantially in the manner herein-before described, and
illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of a lever frame and lifting lever
for lifting the bobbin from the drum, substantially as herein-before described and
illustrated by Figs. 3, 4, and 5.
:
Thirdly. The combination of a rotary shaft and obliquely toothed wheels, or a
reciprocating bar with detector mechanism, for putting in operation mechanism for
lifting the bobbin from the drum in doubling and winding machines, substantially
as herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive of the
Drawings.
Fourthly. The combination of a guide comb (f¹) or a freely rotating grooved roller
between rollers, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 9,
11, 12, 13, and 14 of the Drawings.
Fifthly. The placing of stretching rollers e and e', or their equivalents, with their
axis in a vertical position, as herein-before described, and illustrated by the
Drawings.
Sixthly. The combination of a machine for spinning, doubling, and twisting,
having flyers (a), rollers e and e¹, and guide comb f¹, arranged substantially as
herein-before described, and illustrated by Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the
Drawings.
"
Seventhly. The mode of putting and adjusting the drag" upon the bobbin
combined with flyers (a'), substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by
Fig. 10 of the Drawings.
Eighthly. The combination with a machine arranged substantially as herein-before
described, and illustrated by Figs. 9 to 17 inclusive, of mechanism to stop the machine
when a thread or strand breaks.
Ninthly. The general combination and arrangement of a machine, as herein-before
described, and illustrated by Figs. 9 to 19 inclusive of the Drawings.
Tentbly. The combination and arrangement of stop mechanism actuated by a
reciprocating bar 2, for both stopping the spindle and rollers, for drawing the
threads and delivering them to the twisting spindle in machines, for doubling, and
spinning, or twisting, substantially as herein-before described, and illustrated by
Fig. 20 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Horrocks, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JAMES HORROCKS. (L.S.)