Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus Employed for Drying Extracts Used for Dyeing Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus Employed
for Drying Extracts Used for Dyeing Purposes.
I, SAM SMITHSON, of Bright's Cottage, Heckmondwike, in the County of York
Drysalter and Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
foollws:-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus employed for
drying Extracts used for Dyeing purposes. Its object is to construct machinery or
apparatus in which the thickness of a layer or film of the extract to be dried may be
regulated in accordance to the time occupied in carrying it between two given points
and the heat required for drying purposes, whereby it is reduced to a crystal
form.
According to this invention on suitable metal, wooden, or other standards or frame,
work is mounted in suitable bearings so as to revolve freely, a metal or other cylinder,
or drum provided with a smooth periphery. The cylinder or drum is heated by any
suitable means such as say by steam admitted through suitable pipes, valves, and
glands to its interior. Provision is also made for the removal of the water produced
by the condensation of the steam in the interior of the cylinder as well as any
exhausted steam, being conveyed away by means of pipes, valves, and glands. The
cylinder may be rotated at the required speed by means of worm or other gearing or
its equivalent, receiving motion from the driving shaft of the machine.
On the framework of the machine is also adjustably mounted below the said
cylinder or receiver or trough into which the extract to be dried may be placed by
hand or fed thereto by means of pipes from a tank or cistern arranged either above
the machine, or at a distance therefrom. Suitable valves being if desired employed
for regulating the supply. The tank or receiver may be arranged with either a level
or slanting bottom for draining the extract into a well or circular or other recess
arranged in its bottom. In this well or recess is mounted in adjustable or fixed
bearings a revolving roller, so that its periphery may more, or less impinge upon the
periphery of the cylinder. The periphery of the revolving roller may be either plain
or covered with plush, or other absorbent material, or with bristles, or metallic
clothing or combinations of two or more of them, or it or their equivalent or
equivalents, for raising and depositing a layer or film of the extract upon the
periphery of the cylinder for being dried into crystals. The thickness or quantity
of the extract to be placed upon the cylinder at one time may be regulated by
adjusting the position of the tank and revolving roller to the drying cylinder, whereby
a greater or less quantity of extract may be deposited thereon. Motion may be
imparted to the revolving roller from the driving shaft of the machine by means of
pulleys and belting or ropes, or gearing or their equivalents.
At a point opposite to the tank and revolving roller is mounted on suitable levers
fulcrumed to the framework an adjustable and weighted knifelike or other scraper
arranged to impinge upon the periphery of the cylinder for removing the dried
crystals therefrom, and depositing them into, or on a dish, receptacle, or table attached
to the said tank, or mounted upon the framework of the machine or both.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Machinery or Apparatus Employed
for Drying Extracts Used for Dyeing Purposes.
I, SAM SMITHSON, of Bright's Cottage, Heckmondwike, in the County of York,
Drysalter and Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus employed for
drying Extracts used for Dyeing purposes.
Its object is to construct machinery or apparatus in which the thickness of a layer
or film of the extract to be dried may be regulated in accordance to the time occupied
in carrying it between two given points and the heat required for drying purposes,
whereby it is reduced to a crystal form.
In the drawings hereunto annexed :-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2 an end elevation; Fig. 3 a sectional elevation on
line xx Fig. 4; and Fig. 4 a plan looking at the top of a machine constructed
according to this invention.
Like parts in all the views are marked with the same letters of reference.
A is suitable metal, wooden, or other standards or framework in which is mounted
in suitable bearings B so as to revolve freely, a metal or other cylinder, or drum,
hereafter termed the cylinder C, of any suitable thickness and provided with a smooth
periphery.
The cylinder C is heated by any suitable means, such as, say for instance, by steam,
admitted through suitable pipes c, valve or valves c¹ and gland or glands c² to its
interior. Provision is also made for the removal of the water produced by the
condensation of the stean in the interior of the cylinder as well as any exhausted
steam, being conveyed away by means of pipes c³ one end of which is bent as shown
to dip into the interior of the cylinder C, and the pipe c³ may be armed with a
suitable valve or valves, and gland or glands not shown in the drawings. The
cylinder C may be rotated (slowly or otherwise) at the required speed by means of
worm D and worm wheel D¹ or other gearing or its equivalent, receiving motion from
pulley Ex on main driving shaft E, through belting E¹ to the driving shaft of the
machine E2, then through pulley E3 cone or other pulleys E Es, on shafts E2 E,
belting E7, gearing Es, and worm shaft Eº.
On the framework A of the machine is also adjustably mounted at a suitable
distance from the said cylinder C a receiver (rectangular or other shaped) or trough
hereafter termed a receiver F into which the extract to be dried may be placed by
hand or fed thereto by means of pipes G from a tank or cistern, not shown in the
drawings, arranged either above the machine, or at a distance therefrom.
Suitable valves, not shown in the drawings, but of ordinary construction, may if
desired be employed for regulating the supply. The receiver F may be arranged
with either a level or slanting bottom f for draining the extract into a well or circular
or other recess, hereafter termed the well, arranged to communicate with the
bottom f by means of a hole f' in one of the walls or sides of the well.
In the drawings at Figs. 2 and 3 the well is shown with its bottom partly flat
and partly sloping, so that the extract will the more readily gravitate to the lowest,
that is, the flat portion of the well.
In this well fi, near the centre thereof, is mounted in adjustable or fixed bearings f
a revolving roller or pulley H, so that its periphery may more or less impinge upon

page_text: the periphery of the cylinder. The periphery of the revolving roller H may be either
plain (preferably plain) or covered with plush, or other absorbent material, or with
bristles, or metallic clothing or combinations of two or more of them, or it or their
equivalent or equivalents, for raising and depositing a layer or film of the extract
upon the periphery of the cylinder for being dried into crystals. The thickness or
quantity of the extract to be placed upon the cylinder at one time may be regulated
by adjusting the position of the tank and revolving roller to the drying cylinder,
whereby a greater or less quantity of extract may be deposited thereon.
Motion may be imparted to the revolving roller H from the driving shaft E2 of the
machine by means of chain pulleys Q Q and chains Q2 or belting or ropes, or gearing
or their equivalents.
At a point opposite to the receiver F and revolving roller H is mounted on suitable
lever or levers O fulcrummed to the framework A an adjustable (and weighted if
desired) knifelike or other scraper N arranged to impinge upon the periphery of the
cylinder C for removing the dried crystals therefrom, and depositing them into, or
on a dish, receptacle, or table or box P attached to the said receiver or mounted
upon, or placed against the framework of the machine.
But when the receiver F is placed at a distance from the heated drying cylinder
C as shown in the drawings a fixed conducting spout I is interposed between
revolving palley H and cylinder C. The spout I is armed with an adjustable scraper J,
and a roller K (the same width as cylinder C and caused to rotate by means of
chain pulleys R R and chain R2 from shaft E2) works in a trough L below the
cylinder C. The thickness of the film of extract on the revolving pulley H is
regulated by an adjustable scraper M mounted upon the fixed rod m. As the pulley H
revolves the film of extract taken up thereby from well is removed from the
periphery of the said pulley by the spout I and conveyed to trough L when it is
again taken up by the periphery of the roller K, and evenly deposited on to the
periphery of the heated drying cylinder C. The thickness of the film of extract
on this cylinder is regulated by means of the adjustable scraper J. The surplus
extract removed by scraper J is conveyed back into the trough I, and should it
become too full it is allowed to overflow back into the well f¹, being conveyed thereto
by spout . The film of extract adhering to the periphery of the heated cylinder C
after it passes scraper J is carried round with the cylinder and dried thereon until it
reaches the knifelike scraper N, mounted on the end of lever 0 (which may or may
not be weighted) jointed to the framework A, when the dried crystals are removed
from the periphery of the heated cylinder C and deposited in a box P or other
receptacle shown in dotted lines at Fig. 1.
It will be readily understood first, that the rollers or pulleys H and K revolve at a
greater speed than cylinder C, and second, that when preferred the receiver F may be
inade adjustable on the framework, and a roller (the same width as cylinder C)
smaller in diameter than pulley H may be used in place thereof. The roller would
work in a well in the receiver F and could be made to impinge directly upon
the periphery of the heated cylinder C. When this is done the spout I, roller K,
and trough L might be dispensed with.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The method of drying extracts used for Dyeing purposes by machinery in which
the extract to be operated is first placed in a receiver or tank, then conveyed to and
placed upon the periphery of a slowly revolving heated cylinder either directly by a
revolving roller or pulley or by the means of two rollers, or pulleys with a spout
interposed between them, and finally after being dried in crystals removed from the
drying cylinder by means of a knifelike scraper and deposited into a box or other
receptacle substantially as herein described.
2. A machine or apparatus employed for drying extracts used for Dyeing purposes
consisting essentially of a receiver or tank, such as F, provided with a well, such as f

page_text: in which a roller or pulley, such as H, revolves and is employed for raising the
extract from the tank and placing it either directly onto the periphery of a heated
rotating drying cylinder such as C or to a spout, such as I., interposed between said
pulley H and a second roller, such as K, (working in a trough, such as L), by which
the extract is placed upon the periphery of the said drying cylinder C, scrapers, such
as J, M, N, and the means described for rotating the various moving parts of the
machine all arranged and combined substantially as herein set forth and illustrated.
Dated this First day of June 1897.