Improvements in Apparatus for Promoting Circulation of Water in Boilers.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th May, 1890-Accepted, 5th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Promoting Circulation of Water
in Boilers.
We, JOHN EDWARD LEWIS OGDEN, of No. 85 Edinburgh Street, Goole, in the
County of York, Engineer, and JAMES DAGLISH, of No. 47 The Avenue, Wallsend
on Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to the fitting to existing, or to new, boilers certain appliances
of simple construction and application which will automatically operate to cause
circulation of the water between the lower and upper portions of steam boilers,
from the time of first lighting the fires until steain is raised, and continuously
thereafter; our object being to prevent the injurious straining of the seams by the
unequal expansion of the upper and lower portions of the boiler in getting up
steam from cold water.
The appliances we propose to use are applicable to any boiler with internal flues or
furnaces but, as it is specially for the existing types of high pressure marine boilers
that our invention is designed, we will describe it as applied to such a boiler with
3 furnaces.
In such a boiler when the fires are lighted the heating of the water is effected only
by the surfaces above the centre lines of the furnaces, all the water below remaining
quite cold and continuing so, even after steam commences to be generated, and when
the working pressure is reached this lower water is much colder than that in the
upper portion. The reason for this is that as globules of steam are generated in the
crowns of the furnaces and other surfaces exposed to the heat and rise to the surface,
the water necessary to take their place is supplied in descending currents next the
shell on each side but they naturally rush by the shortest way to the heated surfaces
which shortest way is under the bottoms of the wing furnaces and in close contact
with the bottom plates of said wing furnaces. Hence the body of water lying in the
bottom of the boiler remains unaffected by the descending currents (which are more
or less heated) and remains either quite cold or only of very low temperature com-
pared with the water and steam in the upper portions of the boiler.
The object of our invention is to intercept these hot descending currents and
compel them to pass through the water lying stagnant in the bottom of boiler, on
their way to the evaporating surfaces and to effect this we fit along the lower parts of
the two wing furnaces from front to back thin plates, which will preferably be curved,
secured by studs to the furnace plates and, in the case of corrugated furnaces,
following the grooves. These plates pass under the bottom of the centre furnace
dividing the water space between it and the shell and said plates are perforated with
holes along the longitudinal centre line or thereabouts of boiler bottom. These said
holes allow the hot currents of water (after they have passed through and imparted a
portion of their heat to the water usually lying cold and stagnant in the boiler
bottom) to ascend around the sides of the centre furnace and replace the water
evaporated by the furnace crowns and other highly heated surfaces.
This operation goes on until steam is raised to the working pressure during which
time the water in bottom of boiler will have been gradually heated until at each
progressive stage it will be of about the same temperature as that in the upper
portion of the boiler.
In boilers with only two furnaces the intercepting plates will be similarly disposed,
the object being to compel the heated descending currents to mix with and impart

page_text: some of their heat to the cold water lying in the bottom of the boiler, and where
the combustion chambers are separate to each furnace these plates may continue
under the centre chamber, as in double ended boilers they may extend from end
to end of the boiler.
T. J. DANSON,
Per F. J. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Promoting Circulation of Water
in Boilers.
We, JOHN EDWARD LEWIS OGDEN, of No. 85 Edinburgh Street, Goole, in the
County of York, Engineer, and JAMES DAGLISH, of No. 47, The Avenue, Wallsend on
Tyne, in the County of Northumberland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to the fitting to existing, or to new, boilers certain appliances
of simple construction and application which will automatically operate to cause
circulation of the water between the lower and upper portions of steam boilers, from
the time of first lighting the fires until steam is raised, and continuously thereafter;
our object being to prevent the injurious straining of the seams by the unequal
expansion of the upper and lower portions of the boiler in getting up steam from cold
water.
The appliances we propose to use are applicable to any boiler with internal flues or
furnaces but, as it is specially for the existing types of high pressure marine boilers
that our invention is designed, we will describe it as applied to such a boiler with
3 furnaces.
In such a boiler when the fires are lighted the heating of the water is effected only
by the surfaces above the centre lines of the furnaces, all the water below remaining
quite cold and continuing so, even after steam commences to be generated, and when
the working pressure is reached this lower water is much colder than that in the
upper portion. The reason for this is that as globules of steam are generated in the
crowns of the furnaces and other surfaces exposed to the heat an rise to the surface,
the water necessary to take their place is supplied in descending currents next the
shell on each side but they naturally rush by the shortest way to the heated surfaces
which shortest way is under the bottoms of the wing furnaces and in close contact
with the bottom plates of said wing furnaces. Hence the body of water lying in the
bottom of the boiler remains unaffected by the descending currents (which are more
or less heated) and remains either quite cold or only of very low temperature
compared with the water and steam in the upper portions of the boiler.
The object of our invention is to intercept these hot descending currents and
compel them to pass through the water lying stagnant in the bottom of boiler, ou
their way to the evaporating surfaces and to effect this we fit along the lower parts of
the two wing furnaces from front to back thin plates, which will preferably be curved,
secured by studs to the furnace plates and, in the case of corrugated furnaces,
following the grooves. These plates pass under the bottom of the centre furnace
dividing the water space between it and the shell and said plates are perforated with
holes along the longitudinal centre or thereabouts of boiler bottom. These said holes
allow the hot currents of water (after they have passed through and imparted a
portion of their heat to the water usually lying cold and stagnant in the boiler bottom)
to ascend around the sides of the centre furnace and replace the water evaporated by
the furnace crowns and other highly heated surfaces.
This operation goes on until steam is raised to the working pressure during which
time the water in bottom of boiler will have been "gradually heated until at each

page_text: progressive stage it will be of about the same temperature as that in the upper portion
of the boiler.
In boilers with only two furnaces the intercepting plates will be similarly disposed,
the object being to compel the heated descending currents to mix with and impart
some of their heat to the cold water lying in the bottom of the boiler, and where the
combustion chambers are separate to each furnace these plates may continue under
the centre chamber, as in double ended boilers they may extend from end to end of
the boiler.
On the accompanying 4 sheets of drawings we illustrate our invention as applied to
marine boilers of the ordinary types with 2 or 3 furnaces and single and double
ended.
Sheet 1 shews by Fig. 1 the course of circulation in a boiler with 3 furnaces
without any appliances for promoting circulation the dotted arrows indicating the
direction in which the globules of steam rise to the surface from the evaporating
surfaces and the full arrows the direction of the heated currents of water on their
courses to said surfaces. Fig. 2 shews by dotted and full arrows respectively the
directions in which the globules of steam rise to the surface and the direction which
the heated currents of water are compelled to take on their courses to the evaporating
surfaces by the intercepting diaphragm plates P P, fitted according to our invention,
which cause the heated currents to pass through the cold water in the bottom portion
of the boiler imparting their heat thereto and then to ascend in close contact with the
heated plates of the lower portions of the furnaces, instead of as in Fig. 1, passing
directly under the bottoms of the wing furnaces and imparting no heat to the water
in the bottom portion of the boiler which remains stagnant and cold.
On Sheet 2 Figs. 3 and 4 shew the application in one form of our circulation
plates to a single ended boiler with 3 corrugated furnaces having separate
chambers, P P being the curved plates extending from front to back of the boiler
and P P vertical plates dividing the water space behind the boxes into 3 portions.
The circulation plates P P may conveniently be supported upon the longitudinal
stays S S (see Fig. 7 Sheet 4) or may have flanges F F upon which they will be
supported upon the bottom of the boiler.
On Sheet 3, Fig. 5 shews a longitudinal section of a double ended boiler having
one combustion chamber common to all the furnaces. In this case we propose to
carry the circulation plates P P from end to end.
On Sheet 4, Fig. 6 shews to the same scale as the previous Figs. the circulation
plates P P applied to a boiler with 2 furnaces shown in transverse section and Fig. 7
shews to a larger scale the detail of one method in which the circulation plates PP
may conveniently be secured to the longitudinal stays S S from front to back of the
boiler by means of hooked bolts B B around the stays S S and secured by cotters
in the plates P P, but the fixing of the circulation plates may be effected in various
ways according to varying circumstances. The plates P P are in sections of such
dimensions as will conveniently pass through the manhole M and in the case of
corrugated furnaces are made to fit into the grooves.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood
that we do not absolutely restrict ourselves to details as to the form of the circulation
plates and the manner of fixing them, nor to the number or disposition of them in
the boiler, which will depend upon the arrangement of the furnaces, flues and other
internal parts; but what we claim is :-
For the purpose of promoting circulation of water in steam boilers and effecting
more equal distribution of heat amongst the water the application of diaphragm plates

page_text: so disposed that the descending currents of heated water are caused to pass through
the water in the lower portion of the boiler on their way to the evaporating surfaces
to replace the globules of steam generated upon such surfaces substantially as
described and shewn.
Dated this 17th day of May 1890.
T. J. DANSON, F.I.P.A.,
2, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Agent for Applicants.