Improvements in Night Lamps, Food-warmer Lamps, Ornamental Illumination, Bucket or Vauxhall Lamps, and other Small-light Lamps, and in Burners for the same.
Year: 1893

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
requited
Amendment (under Section 11 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883), as allowed by
the decision of the Chief Examiner of the 30th day of January 1896.
Date of Application, 23rd Oct.,
1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd July, 1894-Accepted, 25th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Night Lamps, Food-warmer Lamps, Ornamental
Illumination, Bucket or Vauxhall Lamps, and other Small-light
Lamps, and in Burners for the same.
We, GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER, and MORRIS BROAD FOWLER, both of
75 Tressillian Road, Brockley, in the County of Kent, Night Light Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to means for facilitating the use, in night lamps, food-
warmer lamps, ornamental illumination, bucket or Vauxhall lamps, and other small-
light lamps, of mineral oils, such as petroleum, paraffin, or the like, or oils
containing more or less of the same, the object being to obtain good combustion
combined with safety when using oils which vaporize at a comparatively low heat.
The improved burner consists of a wick tube carried by a plate which may form
the top of an oil reservoir or may be otherwise supported as hereinafter described.
The said wick tube is of stout material, which may be metal, steatite or other
suitable material, or it may consist of a metal tube having a closely fitting lining
tube of other suitable material. Around the outside of the wick tube is a closely
fitting tube which may be perforated, slit, serrated, or otherwise formed at or near
its upper part to admit air just below the flame. This outer tube stands up a
certain distance above the wick tube and, according to one form, is a fixture, in
which case the outer tube is carried down to the wick tube plate and the exterior
of the wick tube is grooved to form one or more passages, which, at their upper
ends, are open to the top of the wick tube and, at their lower ends, open into the
reservoir in order that any surplus oil which may rise to the top of the wick tube
may be permitted to return automatically to the reservoir; in this form of the
burner the wick is adjusted in height in relation to the outer tube by a pinion in
such a manner as to avoid exudation of oil. As a modification the outer tube above
referred to may be adjustable on the wick tube and the wick adjusting pinion may
be dispensed with, in which case said outer tube does not extend down to the wick
tube plate but fits closely between the wick tube and a short external tube rising
up from the wick tube plate, thereby forming an enclosed chamber to ensure the
surplus oil above referred to passing into the reservoir. The adjustable outer
tube in the above modification is provided with a projecting flange to facilitate the
regulation thereof. If desired the adjusting pinion may be used conjointly with
au adjustable outer tube. As a further modification the wick tube may have a
perforation at the side of the wick hole to convey the surplus oil to the reservoir,
in which case the outer tube may or may not extend to the wick tube plate, and be
adjustable or fixed.

page_text: With a burner of the above character we employ a very small wick, such, for
instance, as a single thread of knitting cotton.
In night lamps, ornamental illumination, bucket or Vauxhall lamps, and other
like small-light lamps where the bucket or body of the lamp forms the reservoir,
it has been usual for the burner to be in contact with the oil, which would be
dangerous when employing oils having a comparatively low vaporizing point.
To obviate this difficulty we mount a regulating burner such as that above
described, or other form of regulating burner, above the oil so that the only com-
munication between the burner and the oil is either the wick alone or the wick and
an insulated support for the burner.
In carrying this part of our invention into effect we may suspend the burner over
the oil and at a suitable distance above it by wire or other suspender catching over
or resting upon the upper edge of the bucket or similar illumination-light, lamp or
glass, and of such shape as to interfere as little as possible with the diffusion of the
light. Or the burner may he supported on a tripod, conical or other stand resting
upon the bottom of the lamp-bucket or glass, and so formed as to avoid resting
upon the central uneven portion of such glass. Further these supports may be of
glass or of other material and they may be of suitable shape to reflect the light
10 any desired direction or to interfere with the passage of light as little as possible
and, in cases where the burner is carried above the oil by a support standing on
the bottom of the glass or bucket, we preferably interpose cork or other non-
conducting material between the burner and its support. Again, the burner may
be carried by a float so formed as to avoid tilting when it comes into contact
with the uneven bottom of the lamp glass or bucket. The burner or its support is
preferably provided with a suitable handle by which it can be readily placed in
position and removed therefrom.
The lamp may also be provided with a single or double dome or cover of any
suitable material and shape and either perforated or not perforated, and the burner
may be suspended therefrom.
1000
GEO. CUPIT FOWLER,
MORRIS B. FOWLER,
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in Night Lamps, Food-warmer Lamps, Ornamental
Illumination, Bucket or Vauxhall Lamps, and other Small-light
Lamps, and in Burners for the same.
We, GEORGE CUPIT FOWLER and MORRIS BROAD FOWLER, both of
75 Tressillian Road, Brockley, in the County of Kent, Night Light Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The invention relates to means for facilitating the use in night lamps, food-
warmer lamps, ornamental illumination, bucket or Vauxhall lamps, and other small
light lamps, of mineral oils, such as petroleum, paraffin or the like, or oils containing
more or less of the same, the object being to obtain good combustion combined with
safety when using oils which vaporize at a comparatively low heat.
Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections of burners constructed according to our
invention.
Figures 3 and 4 are plans of burner tubes.

page_text: Figure 5 is an elevation, Figure 6 is an elevation partly in section and
Figure 7 is a plan, of a night lamp, food-warmer lamp, or other small light lamp,
having a burner of another modified construction, and Figure 8 is a vertical
section of the external tube of the burner.
Figure 9 is an elevation and Figure 10 is a vertical section of another modified
form of burner, and Figure 11 is a vertical section of the external regulating tube
separately.
Figures 12, 13, 14, 15 are vertical sections of bucket or "Vauxhall " lamps fitted
in various ways with our improved burners, and Figure 16, is a vertical section and
Figure 17 is a plan of one form of stand or support for the burner to be usel in such
description of lamps.
In all the figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
The improved burner consists of a wick tube a carried by a plate b, which may
form the top of an oil reservoir or be carried by a fitting 6', see Figures 1, 2, 5, 6,
9, 10, to fit a socket in the top of an oil reservoir c as shown at Figures 5, 6, 7, or
may be otherwise supported as hereinafter described.
.
The said wick tube a may be of stout material, as shown at Figure 10, which
may be metal, steatite, or other suitable material, or it may consist of a metal
tube a having a closely fitting lining tube a¹, see Figures 6 and 7, of the same or of
other suitable material.
Around the outside of the wick tube a is a closely fitting tube d.
This outer tube d stands up a certain distance above the wick tube a an!,
according to one form, such as that shown at Figures 5, 6, 7 is a fixture, and it
may form part of the wick tube a; when employing a fixed outer tube d it is carried
down to the wick tube plate b and in such case the exterior of the wick tube may
be grooved as shown at Figure, 3, to form a passage, which, at its upper end, is
open to the top of the wick tube a, and, at its lower end, opens into the reservoir
in order that any surplus oil which may rise to the top of the wick tube, may be
permitted to return automatically to the reservoir. In the lamp represented at
Figures 5, 6, 7, means for causing the surplus oil to return to the reservoir care
provided by forming one or more holes 6 in the plate 6 just outside the tube d,
said plate b in such case being dish formed to receive the surplus oil as it descends
from the upper part of the tube d. In this form of the burner the wick is adjusted
in height in relation to the outer tube by a pinion e in such manner as to avoid
exudation of oil.
As a modification the outer tube d may be adjustable on the wick tube a and the
wick adjusting pinion may be dispensed with, in which case said outer tube d does
not extend down to the wick tube plate b, see Figures 1, 2, 10, and it may as
shown at Fig. 2, be made to fit between the wick tube a and a short external
tube a² rising up from the wick tube plate b, thereby forming an enclosed chamber
between the tubes a and a to ensure the surplus oil above referred to passing into
the reservoir through holes in the plate b.
The adjustable outer tube d is in some cases provided with a projecting flange d'
to facilitate the regulation thereof, see Figures 9, 10, 11, and, if desired, the tubes a
and d may be screw threaded to facilitate adjustment of the tube d.
If desired the adjusting pinion e may be used conjointly with an adjustable outer
tube d, as shown at Figures 9 and 10.
As a further modification the wick tube a may have a longitudinal perforation at
the side of the wick hole, see Figure 4, to convey the surplus oil back to the
reservoir, in which case the outer tube d may or may not extend to the wick tube
plate band be either adjustable or fixed.
With burners of the character above described we employ a very small wick,
such for instance, as a single thread of knitting cotton or a small loose soft
plait.
By adjusting the height of the outer tube d in relation to the wick tube a, or br
adjusting the height of the wick by the pinion e, the flame can be regulated ar

page_text: In night lamps, ornamental illumination, bucket or Vauxhall lamps, and other
like small-light lamps where the bucket or body of the lamp forms the reservoir,
it has been usual for the burner to be in contact with the oil, which would be
dangerous when employing oils having a comparatively low vaporizing point.
To obviate this difficulty we mount a regulating burner such as those above
described, or other form of regulating burner, above the oil so that the only com-
munication between the burner and the oil is either the wick alone or the wick and
an insulated support for the burner.
In carrying this part of our invention into effect we may suspend the burner over
the oil and at a distance above it by wire or other suspender catching over or
resting upon the upper edge of the "bucket" or similar illumination light, lamp,
or glass, and of such shape as to interfere as little as possible with the diffusion
of the light; in Fig. 12 the suspender is supposed to be formed of two wires or
narrow metal strips 9 carrying the wick tube plate b, or to which this latter may be
fixed.
.
Or the burner may be supported on a tripod stand i resting upon the bottom of
the lamp bucket or glass f, as shown at Figure 13, and so formed as to avoid
resting upon the central uneven portion of the bottom of such glass. Or a conical
stand, such as that shown at Figures 16, 17, may be employed to support a burner
at the upper part; or other forms of burner stand may be employed so long as they
can rest firmly on the bottom of the glass or "bucket."
Further these supports may be made of glass or of other material and they may
be of suitable shape, such, for instance, as that shown at Figures 16, 17, to reflect
the light in any desired direction, or to interfere with the passage of light as
little as possible, and in cases where the burner is carried above the oil by a
support or standing on the bottom of the glass or "bucket" f, we preferably
interpose cork or other non-conducting material; between the burner and its
support. Again, the burner may be carried by a float k, as shown at Figure 14,
so formed, preferably annular, as to avoid tilting when it comes into contact with
the uneven bottom of the lamp glass or "bucket."
As a further modification the legs of the burner stand shown at Figure 13 may
be dispensed with, in which case the burner support would be suspended by the wire
or strip g from the edge of the bucket f, and two struts one of which is shown in
dotted lines in said figure would be attached to the burner support to keep it in its
correct central position; in this form the burner support is free from contact with
the oil.
The burner or its support is preferably provided with a suitable handlez con-
nected thereto by a wire or rigid connection 9 and by which it can be readily
placed in position and removed therefrom, see Figures 12, 13, 14.
The lamp may also be provided with a single dome or cover m, see Figure 15, of
any suitable material and shape, and either perforated or not perforated, and the
burner may be suspended therefrom as represented in said figure; or the burner
may be otherwise supported and, if desired, a double dome or cover may be
employed.
Small lamps fitted with adjustable burners of the character herein described form
a convenient and efficient substitute for the night lights, food-warmer lamps and
other small light lamps heretofore in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we would remark that we
are aware of Chambers Patents No. 18816" and No. 16933" and we claim nothing
therein contained, but we declare that what we claim is :-
1. The improvements in night lamps, food-warmer lamps, ornamental illumination,
"bucket or "Vauxhall "lamps, and other small light lamps, and in burners
for the same, substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose
stated.
2. In burners for the purposes herein referred to, a wick tube formed of an outer

page_text: tube and a thick internal lining tube formed with an external groove or with
a longitudinal perforation through the body thereof at the side of the wick hole
to form a return passage for the surplus oil, substantially as herein shown and
described.
3. In lamps of the character herein referred to, the combination of a regulating
burner and of means for supporting it above the oil and for preventing the tilting
of the burner support, substantially as herein shown and described.
4. In lamps of the character herein referred to, the combination with the glass or
"bucket" of a single or double dome carrying the burner substantially as herein
shown and described.
Dated
1894.
G. C. FOWLER,
M. B. FOWLER,
By Harris & Mills,
London, W.C., Agents.