An Improved Apparatus for Electrically Heating Liquids.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 7th June, 1895-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Electrically Heating Liquids.
We, PAUL STOTZ of Stuttgart, Germany, Manufacturer and FRIEDRICH
WILHELM SCHINDLER-JENNY of Kennelbach near Bregenz, Austria, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide an electric heating apparatus of
comparatively small size through which liquids may be caused to flow and during
their passage absorb the heat, given off by an electric conductor, in an efficient
manner.
The apparatus comprises three cylinders or tubular parts placed one within the
other. The intermediate cylinder is the heating cylinder and is made of fire clay,
asbestos or other refractory insulating material and is closed at the bottom
annulus. The inner and outer cylinders are of metal. The electric conductor is
led, embedded in asbestos or the like, up and down within the annular space
formed between the inner and heating cylinders or pipes, the two ends or branches
of the conductor being thence carried insulated from each other to the outside of
the apparatus for connection with the main wires. Between the heating cylinder
and the outer cylinder there may be formed a flat spiral channe! instead of a
straight passage and for the purpose of obtaining a large heating surface the
periphery of the heating cylinder may be fluted or ribbed. The liquid to be
heated enters the apparatus at the top, descends circulating in the spiral (or
straight) channel round the heating cylinder into an end space formed by a semi-
spherical cover, to rise up thence through the central cylinder or pipe to a
discharge pipe at the top of the apparatus. In order to prevent loss of heat by
radiation the outer cylinder is encased in wood or other low conductor of heat.
The admission of the liquid is regulated by a cock or valve with which is
combined a contact device for closing or breaking an electric circuit and the
current passing through the heating wire.
Dated this 8th day of September 1894.
THOMAS R. SHILLITO,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Apparatus for Electrically Heating Liquids.
We, PAUL STOTZ, of 142, Neckarstrasse, Stuttgart, Germany, Manufacturer,
and FRIEDRICH WILHELM SCHINDLER-JENNY, of Kennelbach near Bregenz,
Austria, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to an apparatus for electrically heating liquids in which
the liquid to be heated enters into the apparatus in a cool condition and is raised to
an elevated temperature by running through the apparatus so as to leave it in a
warm or hot condition.
The object of our invention is to provide a heating body of such form and to
1 PR./ }

page_text: conduct the liquid in such way that the heat developed by the heating body is
transferred to the liquid without any loss, in a perfect and efficient manner, the
whole apparatus being comparatively of a small size. For this purpose the heating
body is of a tubular form and the liquid to be heated is conducted so as to pass
firstly at the outer (or inner) side, and then at the inner (or outer) side of the tube,
thus being twice heated before leaving the apparatus.
In the drawing
Figs. 1, 3, 4 show one form of our apparatus, and
Fig. 2 is a modification thereof.
Figs. 1, 2 are vertical sections of the apparatus ;
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section through line C-D, and
Fig. 4 a similar section through line A-B of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a detail view of a part of the apparatus which hereinafter will be fully
explained.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar parts.
d is the heating body of a tubular form, which consists of clay, asbestos or another
refractory insulating material, and is enclosed between two cylinders or tubes of
metal b, c, and a bottom piece f. The conducting wire passes through channels e
provided lengthwise in the body d, and running alternately from the top to the bottom
and vice-versa, and the two ends of said conductor leaving the apparatus at u, Fig. 1
and 2, in order to be connected in a convenient manner to the outer main line.
But we do not confine ourselves to the arrangement of the wire shown in the
drawings, this being of no importance to the efficiency of the apparatus. Therefore
the wire may be embedded in the body y in a straight or wound or irregular
condition, or it may be placed between two tubular layers of a refractory insulating
material, or the cylinders b, c, may be coated with enamel or a similar material so
as to insulate the interposed conducting wire.
The walls of the cylinders b, c, are preferably fluted so as to show a wave
shaped cross section, or may be lengthwise provided with ribs at their outer sides,
as usual in heating bodies, in order to enlarge the heating surface and increase the
power of radiation.
The heating cylinder projects into an outer wider cylinder of metal a, which is
closed by a detachable bottom g, provided with a removable cap h to facilitate
access to the interior of the apparatus.
In order to prevent dissipation of heat the cylinder a is preferably covered by a
jacket of wood or other heat retaining material.
The top of the apparatus is different in the two apparatus represented by the
drawing.
In Fig. 1 the top is formed by a circular cover l, Fig. 1 and 4, provided with
vertical flanges, overlapping the upper end of the heating cylinder and screwed
thereto, and with a horizontal flange, resting on the upper edge of the cylinder a.
The cover has a central opening t which communicates with the hollow of the
heating cylinder, and two eccentric openings conducting to the heating body d.
From the latter openings two curved hollow arms m, n, project at the upper side of
the cover.
The arms m, n, join to a hollow middle piece n', which projects through an
opening of a cap o screwed to the cylinder a and connecting it by means of a
shoulder to the cover l. The conducting wire passes through the arms m, n, and
the piece n¹ and leaves the apparatus through openings provided in a head piece p,
which is screwed to the piece n¹ and closed by a cover q. r is a discharging pipe
projecting from the cap o.
The liquid to be heated enters through a pipe s; it then descends in the annular
space between the cylinders a and b, thus being heated by the outer side of the
heating cylinder, and enters from below into the cylinder c, as indicated by
arrows z; the liquid rises in the hollow of the cylinder c and is further heated; it
then passes through the opening into the cap o and leaves the apparatus through
discharging pipe r.

page_text: In Fig. 2 the top of the apparatus consists of a cover or head piece q provided
with a hollow part t and a discharging pipe r. Another pipe, attached to the
cover communicates with a chamber filled up with an insulating material, for
leading off the ends u of the conducting wire. The cover is connected to the
cylinders a b c by means of vertical flanges.
The flow of the liquid is as follows:-
-;
The cylinder 6 is surrounded by a flat spiral channel v. The liquid enters at
the top of the channel through an opening s; it then circulates around the heating
cylinder, as indicated by the arrow ¹, and leaves the channel at the bottom.
Froin there the liquid enters into the hollow of the cylinder c, as shown by the
arrow, and leaves it at the top through the discharging pipe r.
s Fig. 5, is a cock inserted in the supply pipes for regulating the supply of the
liquid to be heated, and is a pointer or hand fixed thereto. When the hand t¹
points to Z on the dial the cock is closed, but open when turning the pointer
over to or W. A contact lever, not shown in the drawing, is fixed to the cock
and insulated therefrom so as to close an electric circuit and send an electri
current through the heating wire of the apparatus, when the pointer points to W.
From this it will be clear that no liquid is discharged by pipe when the pointer
points to Z, whilst there is supplied cool liquid when it points to O, and hot liqui
when it points to W.
"
It will be obvious, that instead of conducting the liquid firstly through the spac:
between cylinders a and b and then through the hollow of the cylinder c, may b:
run through the apparatus in the reverse direction so as to enter through pipe »
and to be discharged throughs, the apparatus itself and its efficiency not being
varied thereby.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. An electric heated circulating apparatus for liquids, consisting of an outer
cylinder closed at the bottom, an inner cylinder projecting thereinto from the top of
said outer cylinder nearly to its bottom, a conducting wire placed within the inner
cylinder, a pipe for supplying the liquid to be heated, and a discharging pipe for
the heated liquid, all substantially as set forth.
2. An electrically heated circulating apparatus for liquids, consisting of an outer
cylinder closed at the bottom, an inner cylinder projecting thereinto from the top
of said outer cylinder nearly to its bottom and having fluted or ribbed surfaces, a
conducting wire placed within the inner cylinder, a pipe for supplying the liquid to
be heated, and a discharging pipe for the heated liquid, substantially as described
for the purpose specified.
3. An electrically heated circulating apparatus for liquids, consisting of an outer
cylinder closed at the bottom, an inner cylinder projecting thereinto from the top
of said outer cylinder nearly to its bottom and surrounded by a spiral channel, a
conducting wire placed within the inner cylinder, a pipe for supplying the liquid
to be heated, and a discharging pipe for the heated liquid, substantially as shown,
for the purpose specified.
4. In an electrically heated circulating apparatus for liquids the combination of
a cock or valve regulating the supply and the discharge of the liquid, with a
contact device for simultaneously closing or breaking or regulating an electric
circuit.
Dated this 7th day of June 1895.
THOMAS R. SHILLITO,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicants.