IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR KNITTING LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Pepper, of Lake Village, in the County
of Belknap, and State of New Hampshire, United States of
America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
KNITTING LOOPED FABRICS."
Sealed the 2nd September 1870, and dated the 9th May 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION left by the said John Pepper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 9th May 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN that I, JOHN PEPPER, of Lake Village, in the County of
Belknap, and State of New Hampshire, United States of America, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR KNITTING LOOPED FABRICS," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,

page_text: Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declara-
tion that I am the first and true Inventor of said Invention.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Pepper, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification; under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what 5
manner the same is to be performed in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1
is a plan; Figure 2, a rear side elevation; Figure 3, an end elevation ;
Figure 4, a transverse section; Figure 5, an under side view of the cam
bar of a knitting machine containing my Invention, also shown on an 1
enlarged scale in Figure 6.
The Invention herein described and constituting the subject matter of
the present application for Letters Patent is based upon a class of
machinery for knitting looped fabrics in which a single series of direct
acting needles arranged in parallel grooves cut in a stationary bed pro- 1
duce a plain, flat, unfashioned fabric.
The primary object of my present Invention is to adapt in a simple
and effective manner a machine of the above nature to the knitting of
fashioned" fabrics.
36
My Invention then, as embodied in this context, consists substantially, 2
by suitable instrumentalities, in forcing into action any given number
of needles in machinery of the class herein first premised, by which I am
enabled not only to effect variations in the outline of the fabric produced
by the machine, but to vary the disposition and grouping of the stitches
throughout such fabric, in order, when desirable, to produce fabrics of 2
variegated designs or figures.
2. The second portion of this Invention consists in a system of driving
forward by means of a suitable forwarding device, as herein-after
explained, such portions of the needles as may be necessary, to a point
within the control of the mechanism which actuates them, the remaining 8
needles being left free, ad interim, from the action of such mechanism.
3. And, thirdly, this Invention will be found to consist in creating a
divided or changeable bearing surface or edge of the said forwarding
device, or bar, or beam, the same being governed by a pattern or shaping
barrel or its equivalent in such manner that the said bar drives forward a 3
greater or less number of needles.

page_text: 4. Fourthly, my Invention may be said to consist in certain devices
by whose means the extent of the working edge or surface of the said
"forwarding bar" is varied automatically, according to the form or
figure of fabric to be produced, in combination with certain other devices
for operating the needles, these devices and their relationship to the
needles being duly referred to under this head of the Specification.
5. And fifthly, this Invention consists in producing a cam groove or a.
disposition of cam grades or inclines of such nature, as, when the needles
have been driven forward by the said bar, to act upon the needles only
at the moment necessary to effect their advance and retreat, in the act
of seizing and of shedding the loops, the needles remaining at other times
inert and without the influence of the cams.
DESCRIPTION OF MECHANISM.
The Drawings herein-before mentioned as accompanying this Speci-
cation, and which illustrate my Invention, exhibit a portion only of a
knitting machine of the class upon which these improvements are based.
In these Drawings a denotes the needle bed or rail as supported upon or
within the end standard b, b, of the machine frame, the base of the
frame, or the floor of the structure in which the machine is placed, as
the case may be, being shown at c. The needle bed is horizontal, and is
scored at right angles to its length at equal distances, as shown at d, d,
to receive the needles, a portion of a series of such needles being shown
at e, e, and as confined in place within the scores by an overlaying
plate f. such disposition of needle bed and needles, as well as the form
of the latter, being the same as now in use in machinery of the class to
which they relate, and thus far containing nothing characteristic of my
present Invention. The device for operating the needles, or the " cam
bar"
or plate, as the object is termed which occupies an analogous
position in other machines, is shown in the Drawings at g, as sliding
horizontally over and in alignment with the "nibs "h, h, of the needles,.
and guided and supported in ears i, 1, making part of the end standards
of the machine frame, the endwise reciprocal traversions of the said
cam bar" being effected by the agency of a pitman k, one end of
which is pivoted to a post 7, erected upon the remote end of the needle
cam bar," while to the opposite end is pivoted the wrist m, of a
horizontal crank o, affixed to the upper extremity of an upright shaft p,
such shaft revolving in bearings or supports q, q, rising from the floor o,
"
68

page_text: from said crank. The shaft p is the driving shaft of the machine and is
to be driven by suitable means. Revolutions of this shaft in either
direction will cause corresponding longitudinal traverses of the "cam
bar" over the needles.
"
2d. 3d. In carrying out the second and third portions of my Invention,
as expressed in this context, and in one form of adaptation of its prin-
ciples, I dispose in rear of or opposite the "nibs" of the needles a
vibrating or rocker frame r, the base of this frame being pivoted in a
suitable manner to the end standards, while its upper and horizontal
rail 8, or " forwarding bar as I term it for want of a more convenient
title, rises into a position parallel to and with its upper surface slightly
below or on a level with said needle "nibs." Vibrations of the frame r
and consequently the incidence and departure of the "forwarding bar"
with respect to the needles are effected in the present instance (although
various means may be adopted to produce the result) by means of a
wiper or cam or double eccentric & mounted upon the shaft p before
mentioned and about midway of the height of the frame r, the periphery
of such cam impinging against a stud or arm u, projecting laterally from
the adjacent end of the said frame, the stud u being forced and main-
tained in contact with the working periphery of the cam t by the
contraction of a coiled spring w, one end of which is secured to the
frame while its opposite end is made fast to the under side of the needle
bed. The revolution of the cam t, in correspondence with the move-
ments of the "cam bar," effects through the agency of the pitman k, one
vibration of the frame r to each traverse of the ". cam bar." Projecting
inwardly from the upper face of the "forwarding bar" s, the reader
will see at x, x', a number of flat plates or needle "drivers as they
may properly be called, one of which is affixed rigidly to the
forwarding bar" and its fellow, which overlaps and plays over it at x³,
the latter being in turn affixed to and carried by a sliding plate y,
moving in a dovetailed or shelf groove or way z formed in the upper face
of the "
forwarding bar," as represented in the Drawings. The inner
and working edges of the needle drivers x, x³, should be as near as
possible in the same horizontal plane as the "nibs" of the needles with
which they act in unison, and against which they at times abut, and the
latter plate ³, or its carrier y, should be provided with a spring a¹ or its
aquivalent for retracting it to its normal position, or in correspondenc
64
"

page_text: 86
with the pattern barrel herein-after mentioned, which position is directly
over and coinciding with the lower plate a, the two plates when in this
position constituting the most contracted line or driving edge of the
forwarding bar," or the driving portion of the same, and when
separated its most extended portion, and thus, in accordance with the
object of the second portion of my Invention, forward a greater or less
number of needles, it being understood that the contracted edge of the
two plates is supposed to impinge against and forward such a number of
needles as may be necessary to knit the narrowest portion of the fabric,
for instance, the wrist of a sleeve, the ankle of a pair of drawers, or
the toe of a sock
as,
I prefer in the practical use of this machine, for certain obvious
reasons of economy, to begin at the narrowest point in the width of the
fabric, and fashion, only by "widening" or increasing the width of such
fabric at successive stages in its accumulation, for the reason that such
"widening" may be accomplished with less complexity of details in the
mechanism, since I am not compelled to provide a means of taking up
the stitches left in the narrowing,
Although I have in the present example represented a specific
arrangement of the forwarding plates or "drivers" to act upon the
needles, I do not wish to be understood as confining myself to such
disposition of parts, as it will be apparent that this disposition may be
departed from to a great extent without affecting the character of my
Invention, which is intended to include within its scope any means, of
producing an expansible or variable surface to act upon the needles,
whereby the whole or any portion of the same are brought into action
and the residue allowed to remain idle. The necessary intermittent or
progressive traversions of the movable "forwarding bar" or "driver" x³,
to and fro of the "forwarding bar" 8, are effected by a pattern or
shaping barrel," which is represented in the Drawings at 6' as a semi-
drum or flanged disc, the working periphery c¹ of which is of such
diversified or varying outline as to effect, by means of a ratchet and
pawl, as herein-after stated, such end-on or step-by-step advances of the
plate x¹ or its equivalent, as practice shall determine necessary to insure
the proper extent of driving edge to act upon the needles, a stud d',
depending from the movable plate or its carrier, and impinging against
the working edge of the periphery of the barrel, against which it is forced
by the action of the spring a², before mentioned, the said pattern barrol
66
•

page_text: being mounted upon a horizontal shaft e³, supported and revolving in
bearings f,f, affixed to the end rails of the frame before alluded to,
thus completing in combination with the shaft p and wiper cam t and
their auxiliaries or equivalents the devices or details for carrying out a
part of the fourth portion of my Invention, as herein first premised, the
action of such details being as follows, attention however being first
called to the fact that the intermittent partial rotations of the pattern
barrel arc effected by means of a ratchet wheel h¹, fixed to a convenient
part of the barrel shaft and operating in connection with a “drag pawl”¿¹¹,
which engages with it and is pivoted to a post j³, erected upon the floor c,
and in rear of the frame r, in such manner that a retreat of the rocker
frame from the needles, by the action of the cam t, shall effect a one-
tooth movement of the ratchet, and consequently a corresponding move-
ment of the barrel 6¹. The working periphery of the pattern barrel b¹ is
represented in the accompanying Drawings as formed with a series of
gradually increasing inclined grades or steps g¹, 9¹, in regular succession.
This is merely for the purpose of demonstrating the ease with which
under my system the driving edge of the "forwarding bar" may be
expanded and contracted, as it will be apparent at a glance that a
revolution of the "pattern barrel," with the aid of the stud a, has the
effect of first causing intermittent expansions of the said "forwarding
bar" and a consequent covering of an increasing number of needles,
until the greatest width of the periphery of such barrel is passed, when
by the action of the spring a', or its equivalent, the driving bar is retracted
to its normal position, and a certain number of needles released from
service. It only becomes necessary therefore, in producing different
forms of fabric to ascertain the form of the "pattern barrel" which is to
produce at the proper time the requisite variations, and to provide for
each different form of fabric a corresponding barrel. It may, however,
be found that one barrel may be so constructed as to fashion several
pieces of fabric.
We have now seen how the first, second, third, and a part of the
fourth portions of my Invention are to be carried out, and in pursuance
of the remaining portions or divisions of the Invention I proceed as
follows:-

page_text: considered indispensable for engaging the "nibs" of the needles, and
adopt in lieu thereof three oblique faced plates or inclined cam
grades k, l, m³, the centre one k', which is V shaped, being immovable
upon the "
cam bar," while the two outer oucs A, m³, are movable and
slide upon the bar, in order to direct the "nibs" of the needles into the
passage o¹, formed upon the advance or foremost side of the centre cam,
which is effected by advancing each movable plate alternately beyond
the centre cam, and exposing its base in a manner to seize the needles.
As it becomes necessary to effect by some means a reversal of the dis-
position of the channel o' at each traversion of the "cam bar" and at
cach vibration of the "forwarding bar," I affix the twin cam or wing &
or m³ upon an independent slider p¹ or q', such sliders being disposed in
like manner upon each side of the central cam or spreader k³, and sliding
in grooves ², s², cut in the under face of the "cam bar," and at right
angles to its longest plane, a pin or post f', u', rising from each plate
and extending through lateral slots w³, z³, cut through the "cam bar,"
.as represented in Figures 1, 2, and 4, by means of which studs the
alternating slidings of the plates or carriers p', q', are easily effected.
The means adopted in the present instance to effect these slidings of the
carriers p², q³, consists in disposing upon the upper surface of the " cam
bar" a sliding duplex wedge y', or a rod or bar carrying two oppositely
disposed twin-shaped inclined grades a, b, the said wedge bar y' sliding
longitudinally upon the "cam bar," and being so disposed with respect
to the posts and u³ of the carriers p¹ and q³as to effect alternate
outer slidings of the same, the position of the said inclined grades a³, bª,
being such that at the instant one post is passing over the summit of the
one the opposite post has just arrived at the base of the opposite grade,
consequently while one post, whichever it may be, is impinging against
the straight portions c, d, of the outer edge of the wedge bar y', its
fellow post is situated within the depression e² of such bar created by
the formation of the inclines a, b, it being observed that the two posts,
and with them their respective sliders, are compelled to move in unison
and maintained in contact with the wedge bar by an oscillating com-
pound lever or tripper fs, which is fulcrumed at its centre to the upper
5 surface of the "cam bar," and alongside of the two posts against which
its opposite ends impinge. The length of the wedge bar is such that its
extremities shall abut alternately against the ears i, ¹, before mentioned
as they approach in their journey one or other of the same, the condition
of parts necessary to observe in this respect being that at the time

page_text: the crank approaches its extreme point in one direction the adjacent end
of the wedge bar shall abut against the contiguous ear i in sufficient
season to so actuate the tripper f' as to advance or drive out the forward
carrier or slider and wing or m² which is most remote from the ear,
and as a consequence open the remote side of the passage o³ to the
entrance of the "nibs" of the needles. Following a semi-revolution of
the crank from this point the opposite end of the wedge bar abuts
against its ear i; and reverses the last-mentioned position of parts, that
is, advances the slider p³ and wing, and withdraws the slider q¹ and
wing m³, and as a consequence opens the opposite side of the channel o¹,
or that next the needles, for the reception of the "nibs "of the needles.
In this manner the advance side of the channel o³ is always open and its
wing advanced beyond its fellow sufficiently to allow the centre plate to
strike each succeeding needle which may be advanced by the "for-
warding bar, and guide such needle into the said channel o². As that
wing or m³, which is foremost or in advance of the centre or V shaped
cam or spreader k³, during the traversions of the "cam bar," recedes or
falls away from the base of such centre, which is a fixture of the bar,
and allows such bar to seize and advance the "nibs" of each needle
presented to it, the opposite or rearward wing approaches the centre k³,
and the path of movement of the base thereof, but yet serves to retract
and return the needles to their original positions after passing the apex
of the centre, this alternate advance and retreat of the two wings with
respect to the centre spreader or cam k³, or the base of the same, pro-
ducing a changeable channel to seize and vibrate the needles in proper
routine, and this being accomplished to permit them to remain free from
control during one traversion of the "cam bar," except such as would
be exerted upon them by the tension of the yarn which is looped upon
19.

page_text: An important advantage of my mode of actuating the needles consists
in the fact that I avoid, as before alluded to, an uneven surface to
operate upon them, as it is well known to knitters that the tension of the
yarn upon the needles forces their "nibs" in contact with one wall of the
long cam groove now in use, and produces such an irregular outline
of such wall as to interfere seriously with the fabrication of a perfect
selvedge or fabric. The reduction of friction consequent upon leaving
the needles free as by my Invention is also a matter of considerable
moment.
I would here remark that various mechanical means may be brought
into requisition other than those herein described to effect the requisite
changes in the channel o' to adapt it to receiving the "nibs" of the
needles, and in fact I have employed several others, but have adopted
the present as the most preferable among them. So with regard to the
cam or duplex eccentric operated by the shaft p, and in connection with
the spring 10, other mechanical means for effecting a like result would
readily occur to any good mechanic,
I would further call attention to the fact that the near faces b‘, bª, of
the wings, m', should be of sufficient length to overlap two or three
needles, or the "nibs" of such needles, in order to prevent their
misplacement which might occur were these wings reduced to a point
at this locality,
OPERATION OF MACHINE,
The operation of a machine organized as herein set forth is as
follows:-Taking as a starting point the position of parts which
will exist with the pitman parallel with the “cam bar,” with the
" forwarding bar " retracted to its utmost extent, and entirely out
of contact with the needles owing to the longest axis of the cam t
being at the time in contact with the stud u, with the needles also
retracted to their greatest extent, and their "nibs" out of the path of
travel of the cams or inclines k¹, A, or m³, or the channel o' created by
them; and, finally, with the "cam bar" starting upon or.
already effected a portion of its traverse, it being observed that both the
cam bar" and the crank are at or near their extreme position to the
5 left of the observer. The post u' is at this time mounted upon or
impinging against the widest portion of the wedge bar y¹, while, vice
versa, the opposite post , which was previously in contact with the
widest but opposite portion of said bar is now disposed within the
"
having

page_text: depression e³ thereof. As a natural result of this relative position of
parts the cam or inclined grade A, which is now or to be during the
next succeeding traverse of the "cam bar" in advance of the centre
cam ¹, has receded from such centre cam, and stands to one side of or
out of coincidence with the "nibs" of the needles, thus exposing the
base of the said centre cam in such manner as to compel it to assume
such condition as to strike the first of the series of needles presented
to it, it being understood however that the "cam bar" and its adjuncts.
effect one traverse of the machine without actuating, the needles, as the
device which advances such needles into the path of movement of the
cam grades docs not begin its functions until after such cams have
passed the needles for the first time.
The arrangement of the different members of the machine is such that
during the continuance of the movement of the crank and immediately
after the cam grades have passed beyond without actuating the entire
series of needles, the first approaching concavity of the cam t arrives at
the stud or follower u, when the continued passage of the crank, its.
shaft P,
and the cam & permits the aforesaid stud or follower to enter
the concavity of the cam owing to the contraction of the spring w,
and permits the latter to effect an advance of the rocker frame and
"forwarding bar" or plate, such plate standing as it did at first in
immediate proximity to the "nibs" of a portion of the needles of the
series, the advance of such bar driving forward such "nibs" and their
needles as may be in coincidence with it, and forcing them into a
position to be seized by the cam k¹ upon its return traverse. The
crank o, shaft p, and cam t continue their movements until they have
performed a semi-revolution; the end of the wedge bar y¹ by this
movement of parts having abutted against the ear i before the completion
of the semi-revolution of the crank, the "cam bar" continuing to move
until, with the crank, it arrives at the limit of its traverse, at which
time the post has mounted and is impinging against the widest portion
of the wedge bar, while, vice versa, the opposite post u¹ which was at our
starting point in contact with the widest portion of the wedge bar, is
now by the said ascent of the post t¹, through the agency of the
tripper, forced into the depression e³ of the said bar y¹. As a natural
result of this relative position of parts the cam or inclined grade m³,
which is now and will be during the next succeeding traverse of the
66 cam bar" in advance of the centro cam k', has receded from such

page_text: centre cam and stands to one side of or out of coincidence with the
"nibs" of the needles, thus exposing the base of the said centre cam in
such manner as to compel it to strike and force into the advanced side
of the channel o' such portions of the said "nibs" of the needles as
were advanced by the previous forward movement of the "forwarding
bar."
We have now completed a semi-revolution of the crank o and cam t
and one traverse of the "cam bar," as well as an advance or forward
vibration of the rocker frame and "forwarding bar," and we will now
start upon a return or repetition of such movements.
cam bar,"
First then, and immediately preceding the start of the “
upon its return the concavity of the cam t has left the stud or follower u,
and caused it to mount the greatest diameter of such cam, by this act
returning the "forwarding bar" to its original position isolated from the
needles, the retreat of such "forwarding bar," or rocker frame supporting
such bar, having the effect, through the agency of the pawl ", in pro-
ducing a one-tooth movement of the ratchet and consequently a partial
intermittent rotation of the pattern barrel b. Should either one of the
sloping steps of the pattern barrel be at this time in contact with the
stud ₫ of the "forwarding bar" the movable portion of such bar will
be advanced beyond its fellow, and by increasing the combined effective
edge of such "forwarding bar," push forward one or more additional
needles to the action of the cam . Should the stud d¹ be in contact
with the plane portion of the barrel no change in the bearing extent
of the “forwarding bar" will occur. It is presupposed, however, that
at the starting point of our explanation of the operations of the machine
that the stud or actuator d is in contact with the lowest step of the
series, hence by the revolutions of the crank, and the repcated alterations,
of the swinging or rocker frame the sloping steps or irregularities of
the pattern barrel are presented in succession to the stud d', until all
havo passed it, the extent of actuating surface of the "forwarding bar,"
and the number of needles driven forward by it, being in direct corre-
spondence with the. contour of the said pattern barrel, the spring a',
herein-before mentioned, or its equivalent, having the effect of retracting
the stud & to its starting point against the lowest step of the series when
the latter is reached, the working edge of the "forwarding bar" being
as a matter of course returned to its original position which it at first
assumed

page_text: "
"
Having thus explained how during the first traverse of the "oam bar"
the "forwarding bar" by the action of the concavity of the cam & has
been advanced and driven forward the needles, and subsequently by
the action of the cam returned to its original position and a one toothed
movement of the pattern barrel effected, while the cam grades k³, l, m²,
remain in the position last stated, we shall see that by the continuation
of the movement of the crank, and of the advance of the
cam bar
the advance side of the centre cam reaches, and impinges against
the series of needles and guides them one after another along its
sloping side, until they reach the next succeeding inclined grade 4,
against the sloping face of which they successively impinge, and by
whose advance they are guided in an apposite direction obliquely to
the travel of the "cam bar" until they are returned one by one to
their normal position, or that first occupied by them, it being observed
as a distinguishing feature of this Invention that the needles not
advanced by the "forwarding bar" as before explained remain in
their original position, and motionless and inert during the completion
of the traverse of the "cam bar." Before the " cam bar" completes
its traverse or reaches the position first assumed in this explanation, the
end of the duplex wedge bar y' abuts against the ear when 'the
completion of an entire revolution of the crank, and the return traverse
of the "
cam bar" reverses the position of the post t¹ and w³, and also
the cams k³, A, and m³, and presents the next succeeding concavity to
the stud or follower u, and permits the rocker framer and forwarding
bar s, to be advanced as herein-before stated, and drive forward into
position to be acted upon by the cam k³, during its third traverse, such
needles as the said "forwarding bar" impinges against whether the same
as during the last advance of such bar, or increased in number by the
expansion of such bar at the hands of the pattern barrel.
We have now carried the reader through a complete circuit or revo-
lution of the machine, and it is believed that the explanation given will
afford a clear understanding of the operation of my Invention, or at least
one sufficient to enable persons skilled in the art to comprehend its
construction, purposes, and functions,

page_text: needle or needles, and leaving the others inactive, for the purpose of
varying the form and figure of the fabric.
2d claim. The employment of a forwarding device for driving forward
the needles within reach of the mechanism that actuates them in
forming the loop.
3d claim. A forwarding bar having a bearing edge or edges (for
driving forward the needles) changeable in extent and position.
4th claim. A. forwarding bar so constructed that the extent and
position of its edge or edges which bear upon and forward the needles
are determined by the pattern or the pattern barrel or other fashioning
device.
5th claim. A pattern barrel or other fashioning device acting upon the
forwarding bar, and governing the extent and position of its driving
edges.
1
6th claim. A rocker frame bearing the forwarding bar and moved in
harmony with the other motion of the machine so as to drive the incedles
within reach of the devices that operate them at the right moment to
effect the knitting.
.
7th claim. A rocker frame bearing the forwarding bar and
pattern barrel or fashioning device, and moved in harmony with the
other motions of the machine, so as to drive the needles within reach
of the devices that operate them at the right moment to effect the
knitting..
8th claim. A forwarding bar such as herein described in combination
with a pattern barrel or other fashioning device.
9th claim. A forwarding bar such as herein described in combination
with a pattern barrel or other fashioning device, and a rocker frame
bearing both forwarding bar and fashioning device.
relation to the
10th claim. A stationary needle bed so placed
moving members of the machine that the needles at each transition of
the yarn are left out of the reach of the devices which operate them in
the act of knitting, and inert until they are acted upon by the forwarding
bar.
11th claim. Actuating the needles in the operation of knitting by
means of a cam bar or its equivalent with its stationary cam k³, and
sliding bar y', its movable side wings F, m², carriers p³, q', or their

page_text: substitutes, posts ², u³, and compound lever or tripper f², the whole
being combined and operating as herein explained.
12th claim. The combination of the stationary needle bed a, the
rocker frame r, the forwarding bar s, and the pattern barrel b³, and
other portions of the fashioning devices, combined and sustaining 5
the relations to each other and to the rest of the machine as herein sot
forth.
18th claim. The combination of the stationary needle bed, the
cam bar, with its described members, the forwarding bar 8, pattern
barrel, and fashioning devices, and rocker frame, sustaining the 1
relations to each other and the rest of the machine as herein set
forth.
14th claim. The combination of a centre and immovable cam and
two oppositely disposed twin-shaped cams or wings in such manner
that their relationship to each other and to the object upon which 1
they act may be changed and varied to suit circumstances.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Pepper, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.