IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANufacture of MANURES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Young Darracott Scott, of Ealing, in the
County of Middlesex, Major General, C. B., for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANufacture of MANURES."
Sealed the 23rd July 1875, and dated the 1st February 1875.

page_text: separation of the fluids from the solids, and the immediate application of
deodorants to the latter, so that they may occasion no offensive smell
either in their transport or subsequent manipulation, but instead of
employing deodorants of a bulky and (as respects fertilising properties)
inert nature, I make use in some of the closets of coal soot which contains
considerable quantities of ammoniacal salt, and in others I apply as a
deodorant lime which is subsequently neutralized with phosphoric acid
in a soluble form, combined or uncombined with a base. Thus the
deodorants employed to render the excreta inoffensive, being themselves
powerful fertilizers, cannot be classed amongst what are termed
profligate associates" like ashes, cartb, peat charcoal, or wood
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charcoal.
In the cases in which coal soot is used it is applied at the rate of oz.,
more or less, for each use of the closet, and if lime is the deodorant I use
about or oz., more or less. In either instance the deodorant can be
applied mechanically or by hand. On removal to the factory the sooted
foeces and the limed fæces are separately treated; both are dried after a
thorough incorporation of the deodorant with the excreta by means of a
pugmill or other mixer, but to the lime foeces a sufficient quantity of
a phosphoric acid compound in a soluble form to neutralize the alkaline
earth, and slightly acidify the mixture is added before drying. The
sooted foeces should be also slightly acidified. The dried substances thus
obtained are after drying reduced to a powdered condition and mixed,
but they may manifestly for special purposes, in which either ammonia
or phosphoric acid is the principal fertilizing ingredient required in the
manure, be sold separately.
In cases in which the foecal matters are not deodorized as they are
discharged, but the contents of the sanitary pans or cesspools are
brought to the factory untreated, I empty their contents into tanks
which admit of the escape of the watery parts, and I cover the surface
of the, focal matters in some tanks with soot, in others with lime, in
sufficient quantity to prevent offensiveness..
When all the liquid that can be removed by drainage has flowed away,
I proceed as I have already described.
If the excreta have been discharged into waterclosets I use the soot
1 rather as a source of ammonia than as a deoderiser, and employ limė
and phosphoric acid for the latter purpose.

page_text: '
In carrying out my Invention in this case I introduce into the main
outfall sewer after the whole or the greater portion of the branch drains
have been intercepted, and if possible at a considerable distance from
the depositing tanks, a soluble phosphoric acid compound, at a point in
the sewer nearer to the tanks, but if possible still at some distance from
them. I add a sufficient quantity of milk of lime or of dolomitic lime
or of magnesia to hasten the subsidence of the suspended matters with-
out rendering the sewage alkaline. After precipitation has taken place
in what we will call tank No. 1, the effluent is treated in tank No. 2 with
a further quantity of milk of lime sufficient to produce complete
clarification. The contents of No. 2 tank are, collected, dried, and
calcined, and the resulting lime compound may be used for the pre.
cipitation of fresh quantities of sewage 3 or 4 times or oftener. The
contents of No. 1 tank are collected and perfectly deodorized by the
addition of the calcined product from No. 2 tank, and of a sufficient
quantity of a soluble phosphoric acid.compound to render the deposit
neutral or nearly so to test paper. The compound thus obtained' is
then dried, pulverized, and mixed with soot in such proportion as
the town will supply or can be'readily obtained.
i
By the above described means I am able to produce manures of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Young Darracott Scott. in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 31st July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
> YOUNG DARRACOTT SCOTT, of Ealing, in the County of Middlesex, Major
General, C. B., send greeting.
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of. February, in the year
of our Lord. One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the

page_text: thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Young Darracott
Scott, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Young Darracott
Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANufacture of
MANURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Young Darracott Scott, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
⚫cause the same to be. filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Young Darracott Scott, do
_hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The object of this Invention is the production from fœcal matters of
manures sufficiently concentrated to command a ready market without
the creation of a nuisance in carrying on the process.
This Invention is applicable to the treatment of other foetid nitro-
genous compounds, such as rotten eggs.
In adapting my Invention to the treatment of fœecal matters I prefer
to obtain them from receptacles or apparatus of such construction as will
admit of the ready separation of the fluids from the solids, and the
immediate application of deodorants to the latter, so that they may
occasion no offensive smell either in their transport or subsequent
manipulation, but instead of employing deodorants of a bulky and (as
respects fertilising properties) inert nature, I, in some of the closets,
make use of soot obtained from coal smoke, which soot contains con-
siderable quantities of ammoniacal salts, and in other cases I apply
as a deodorant lime, which is subsequently neutralized with phosphoric

page_text: the deodorants employed to render the excreta inoffensive being
themselves powerful fertilizers cannot be classed amongst what aré
termed "profligate associates," like ashes, earth, peat charcoal, or
wood charcoal.
In some cases I employ in combination the three substances
mentioned. In such cases I first add the lime, then a sufficiency of acid
(or rather more acid than is sufficient) for the neutralization of the lime),
and finally I apply the soot.
In the cases in which coal soot alone is used it is applied at the rate of
three-quarters of an ounce, more or less, for each use of the closet, and if
lime is the deodorant I use about one-third or one-quarter ounce, more or
less, and a quantity of phosphoric acid (which may be employed either in
that form, or in the form of a superphosphate). The quantity to be used
will depend on the quantity of free acid present in the solid or liquid
compound used as the vehicle for the phosphoric acid. The measure of
the quantity is the amount required to neutralize the lime as. already
stated. A peculiar and unmistakeable odour arises when compounds
such as fœeces and rotten eggs are rendered acid. Excess of acid is
however of no other moment than the causing of the odour alluded to.
If both means of deodorization are employed for the same substance
the proportion of cach deodorant may be somewhat less than the above.
In any of these instances the deodorant can be applied mechanically or
by hand. On-removal of the above substances to the factory the sooted
fcéces and the limed fæces are separately treated; both are dried after a
thorough incorporation of the deodorant with the excreta by means of a
pug mill or other mixer, but to the limed foeces a sufficient quantity of
a phosphoric acid compound in a soluble form to neutralize the alkaline
earth and slightly acidify the mixture is added before drying. The
sooted faces are also slightly acidified. The dried substances thus
obtained from the lime fœces and sooted fœeces are (after drying) reduced
to a powdered condition, and are well mixed; but they may manifestly
for special purposes (in which either ammonia or phosphoric acid is the
principle fertilizing ingredient required in the manure) be sold separately
if desired.
In cases in which the focal matters are not deodorized as they are dis-

page_text: to the factory untreated, I empty their contents into tanks which - admit
of the escape of the watery parts, and I cover the surface of the focal
matters in such tanks with soot, while in other tanks the surface is
covered with lime in sufficient quantity to prevent the evolution of
offensive gases.
When all the liquid that can be removed by drainage has flowed away
I deal with the solid residuum in the manner I have already described.
·
Rotten eggs are fœtid nitrogenous substances of a like nature, and
treated much in the same manner as the foecal matters, that is, they are
crushed up and lime is mixed therewith. A sufficient quantity of
phosphoric acid is then added to neutralize the lime, after which, when
the ingredients are well mixed and dried, the resulting substance or
compound is reduced to powder and may be used as a manure.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in the
Manufacture of Manures," and having explained the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters
Patent as aforesaid, the manufacture of manure by treating solid fœcal
matters and other fetid nitrogenous compounds with lime and phosphoric
acid, or with these substances in combination with soot, as above set
forth.
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