Improvements in Long Distance Telephonic Apparatus.
Year: 1892

page_text: Improvements in Long Distance Telephonic Apparatus.
A communication from CHARLES MARSHALL HAYNES, of No. 624, 24th Street,
Omaha, Douglas County, State of Nebraska, United States of America,
Electrician.
I, CHARLES AUBREY DAY, of 321, High Holborn, in the County of London,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention has relation to a new and novel duplex telephone repeater.
The object of this invention is to provide a simple telephone repeater, that shall
make long distance telephoning a possibility; and in furtherance of this object the
invention consists in the construction, combination, and arrangement of parts as
hereinafter more fully described and fully pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shows a central transverse sectional elevation, with parts broken away;
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan with parts cut away to clearly show the arrangement of
the several operative elements;
Fig. 3 is a front elevation ;
Fig. 4 is a detail top view of the diaphragm arm, while
Fig. 5 is a rear view of one of the diaphragm springs.
Similar letters of reference refer to corresponding parts.
To provide a means of overcoming the obstructions incident to long distance
telephoning and to increase the sphere of usefulness of the telephone, is the aim of
this invention.
A represents the circular frame of my duplex repeater of hard rubber, or any
other suitable non-conducting material, provided with the standard a. Upon one
side, is an interiorly threaded rabbit, extending approximately half way into the
frame, within which the, preferably, rubber ring B is held.
Fixed between the frame A and ring B, is an ordinary iron disk C forming the
diaphragm of the repeater as shown. Within the center of the disk C are secured
the two similar rigid arms C', C', both extending slightly outward, horizontally
and in the same direction.
These arms are of non-conducting material, and are secured by means of their
shanks, which are fixed centrally within the disk C. They are preferably secured
by means of two small sunken screws, not shown in the drawings, which pass
through one shank then the diaphragm C and finally thread into the shank of the
arm opposite. Secured to the free end of each arm, is the conically pointed metallic
electrode D, extending outward from the diaphragm. Each arm is further provided,
preferably upon the inner side, with a recurved metallic tension spring D', which
extends beyond the arm, the recurved portion however passing in front and beyond
the electrode D, as will be fully understood in referring to Fig. 4.
Vertically and centrally secured to the frame A, and ring B, are four similar
angular supporting bars e, e, shown in Figs. 1 and 3, giving support to non-con-
ducting hollow cylindrical holders E, E.
Adjustably held between these cylindrical holders E, E, are two similar electro
magnets F, F, the cores g, g, of which extend a suitable distance beyond the holders
as shown.
Mounted adjoining the supporting bars e, e, are rectangular metallic brackets H, H,
one of which is shown in section, in Fig. 1. These brackets are positioned imme-
diately in front of and pass over the metallic electrodes D, D. At the upper side,

page_text: each bracket H, is provided with a shoulder h, giving support to an ordinary flat
steel stub spring .
To the lower ends of these depending stub springs, are secured inverted
shaped tension levers or arms i, i, the depending stems of which are forced by
the stub springs against the projecting ends of adjusting screws H¹, H', as
illustrated in Fig. 1.
To upper inwardly extending parts of the arms i, i, are also secured oval shaped
diaphragm springs K, K, shown in Fig. 5, preferably secured at two points at its
upper edge to the arm i. These springs are suspended between the tension arms i
and the diaphragm C, the lower edge of each being provided upon the side facing
the diaphragm C and immediately in front of the metallic electrode D, with a
rectangular carbon electrode k.
These electrodes k, k, are secured by any suitable means to the diaphragm
springs K, K, and are provided upon the rear and immediately in front of the
electrode D, with a square recess, adapted to hold the recurved end of the
spring D', as will be understood by referring to Fig. 2. The tendency of
the spring D is to press against the adjustable diaphragm spring K, and separate
the electrodes D and k.
The brackets H, are provided with binding posts m, m, while the arms e, e,
are provided with posts n, n, adapted to receive the connections from the batteries
and line wires.
The electric connection of my duplex repeater is as follows:
The current enters the instrument at the post n, which by means of the wire n',
is in electric connection with the electromagnet F as shown in Fig. 1, and from
which the current is next led to the metallic electrode D, by means of the wire p,
as shown in Fig. 2, and from there it escapes through the carbon electrode k,
passing through the diaphragm spring K, the lever i, stub spring h', and leaving at
the post m as shown in Fig. 1.
In arranging my duplex repeaters, I place one or more of the instruments within
operative distance within the circuit and between the telephone transmitter
and receiver, so as to break the circuit into a number of smaller independent
circuits.
The receiver and its several parts having been properly adjusted, the operation
of my device would be briefly as follows:
As the transmitter diaphragm was made to vibrate in the transmission of a 3
message, the undulations incident to the vibration of said diaphragm, would be
carried along the electric circuit, until it encountered one side of my repeater,
where it would end, the change in intensity however being recorded by the vibration
of the diaphragm C. This vibration would be instantly recorded and taken up by
the magnet and the delicately adjusted electrodes of the opposite side, and trans-
mitted within a new electric circuit undiminished, to the receiver. It is of
course understood, that any suitable number of these repeaters could be within
one circuit, and so transfer and repeat the message from station to station.
If desired the diaphragm C could be made of sheet rubber, and provided with
two metal plates, upon which the magnets would exert their influence.
In their operation, the arms C₁, in connection with the tension springs D' operate
in strict mechanical uniformity to cause the pressure between the electrodes D
and at their point of contact to be controlled by the vibrations of the diaphragm C.
The movement of the electrodes D and k in operating is laterally and in a horizontal
plane, the recurved free end of the tension spring D¹ passing and re-passing the
metallic electrode D, so as to bring the two electrodes into juxtaposition, with a
rubbing or grinding movement, the pressure attending this grinding contact always
being dictated or governed by only the exact vibrations of the diaphragm C, the
strain being borne and the profusions of vibrations curtailed by the tension
spring D¹.
The electrodes D and are kept in constant contact, creating only such electrical
undulations within said electric current as are incident to the vibrations of the

page_text: liaphragm C. In securing the recurved tension spring D¹ it is essential that it
orms no mode of electrical connection between said electrodes, and it must also
be insulated from the diaphragm C, and all else touching said diaphragm.
The spring D¹ is intended to be used in connection with any diaphragm. Being
djustably secured to the diaphragm its tendency is to counterbalance the attraction
of the field magnets, so as to prevent the diaphragm clinging to the magnets and
thus becoming inoperative. As the strength of the magnet is increased or
diminished, the spring is correspondingly adjusted, so as to hold the diaphragm in
vibratory sympathy.
In order that the distance between each repeater may be lengthened each electro
magnet F may be re-enforced by an auxiliary induction coil (not shown) of suitable
capacity placed between the electro magnet F (together with the operative parts
of the repeaters) and the battery, thus causing the repeater to remain within the
line circuit and form part of it. Such auxiliary induction coil would in no way
function the diaphragm (its duty being limited to the act of attracting or inducing
the electro current over a long distance), thus leaving the diaphragm free to the
influence of the electro magnet F.
:
In my description I have confined myself to the duplex repeater, as shown, and
while prefer using this device, it could also be used as a single telephone repeater.
First By eliminating the bracket H, the spring h¹, lever i, diaphragm spring K,
the carbon electrode k, and the arm C¹ and the connected electrode D and
spring D'.
With the proper line and battery connections, the diaphragm C in
combination with the two electro magnets F, F, would form an operative single
telephone repeater. Secondly: If we retain the elements just eliminated, in their
proper position and eliminate instead, the two electro magnets F, F, we would
also have an operative instrument, the line wires in this instance being led to the
electrode D. It would however be necessary in this instance, to use an auxiliary
induction coil so as to bring about the proper induction current.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In a telephone repeater, the combination with a supporting standard, of a
diaphragm within the field of two or more electro magnets, within separate circuits,
an insulated arm secured at one point to said diaphragm and an adjustable tension
spring secured to said arms, to counterbalance the attraction of said electro
magnets, all substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2nd. In a telephone repeater, the combination with a suitable standard, of a
diaphragm held within said standard, two or more electro magnets adjustably
secured to said standard, within separate circuits and functioning said diaphragm,
and an insulated tension spring secured to said diaphragm, and having its free ends
working against a suitable set screw, all substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
3rd. In a telephone repeater, the combination with a supporting standard, of a
diaphragm secured within said standard and provided upon each side with an
insulated arm secured at one point to said diaphragm, said arms being provided
with a metallic electrode upon the free end, a recurved tension spring secured to
each of said arms, and provided with an electrode in combination with said metallic
electrode, and means for regulating the tension of said recurved spring, all sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4th. In a telephone repeater, the combination with a supporting standard, of a
diaphragm secured within said standard and provided upon each side with an
insulated arm secured at one point to said diaphragm, said arms extending in like
direction and provided with a metallic electrode upon the free end, a recurved
adjustable tension spring secured to each of said arms, a supporting bracket secured
to said frame, one upon each side, and positioned in front of said metallic electrode

page_text: and provided with a set screw, a stub spring secured to each of said brackets upon
the rear, and provided with an L shaped tension lever, one stem of said lever
working against said set screws, a diaphragm spring secured to the free end of each
of said levers, and provided with a recessed carbon electrode adapted to hold the
free recurved end of said bow spring, so as to bring said carbon and metallic
electrodes into juxtaposition, cach set of electrodes being within a separate electric
circuit, and an induction coil, within each of said circuits, all arranged to operate
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5th. In a duplex telephone repeater, the combination of a supporting standard,
a diaphragm secured within said standard provided upon each side with an arm of
non-conducting material, said arms extending slightly outward and secured at
one end centrally within said diaphragm, said arms extending in like direc-
tion, and provided with a metallic electrode upon the free end, a recurved bow
spring secured to each of said non-conducting arms, a supporting bracket secured to
said frame one upon each side and positioned in front of said metallic electrode and
provided with a set screw, a stub spring secured to each of said brackets upon the
rear, and provided with an L shaped tension lever, one stem of said lever working
against said set screws, a diaphragm spring secured to the free end of each of said
levers, and provided with a recessed carbon electrode adapted to hold the free
recurved end of said bow spring, so as to bring said carbon and metallic electrodes
into juxtaposition, each set of electrodes being within a separate electric circuit,
and two adjustable and insulated electro magnets one within each of said circuits
and positioned centrally within the field of said diaphragm, one upon each side, and
secured by means of suitable brackets, all arranged to operate substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
pro-
6th. In a duplex telephone repeater, the combination of a supporting standard, a
diaphgram secured within said standard provided upon each side with an arm of
non-conducting material, said arms extending slightly outward and secured at one
end centrally within said diaphragm, said arms extending in like direction and
vided with a metallic electrode upon the free end, a recurved bow spring secured to
each of said non-conducting arms, a supporting bracket secured to said frame, one
upon each side, and positioned in front of said metallic electrode and provided with
a set screw, a stub spring secured to each of said brackets upon the rear, and pro-
vided with an shaped tension lever, one stem of said lever working against said
set screws, a diaphragm spring secured to the free end of each of said levers, and
provided with a recessed carbon electrode adapted to hold the free recurved end of
said bow spring, so as to bring said carbon and metallic electrodes into juxtaposi-
tion, each set of electrodes being within a separate electric circuit, two adjustable
and insulated electro magnets one within each of said circuits and positioned
centrally within the field of said diaphragın, one upon each side, and an auxiliary
induction coil within said circuit, all arranged to operate substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
7th. In a telephone repeater, the combination of the following instrumentalities,
to wit: The standard A, diaphragm C, the brackets e, e, supporting the cylindrical
holders E, E, and the electro magnets F, F, adjustably held within the holder E,
each magnet being within a separate circuit, all substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
8th. In a telephone repeater, the combination of the following instrumentalities,
to wit: The standard A, provided centrally with the diaphragm C, the non-
conducting arms C', C'. secured to said diaphragm and provided with the outwardly
extending electrode D, and the recurved metallic tension spring D', the brackets H, H
each provided in the rear with the shoulder h, giving support to the stub spring h',
the levers i secured to the springs h¹ the lower end working against the set screw H¹,
the diaphragm springs K secured to said levers, and provided with the carbon
electrode k adapted to hold the free end of the spring D' and work against said
electrode D, each set of electrodes being within a separate electric circuit, all sub-
stantially as and for the purpose set forth,

page_text: 9th. In a duplex telephone repeater, the combination of the following instrumen-
talities, to wit: The standard A, diaphragm C, the arms C, C¹, secured to said
diaphragm and provided with the metallic electrodes D, D, and the recurved tension
springs D', D', the bars e, e, supporting the cylindrical holders E, E, said holders
adjustably securing the electro magnets F, F, the brackets H, H, provided with
the shoulders h, h, supporting the stub springs h', ', to which are secured the
L shaped levers i, i, working at their lower ends against the set screws H¹, H¹, the
diaphragm springs K, K, provided with the carbon electrodes k, k, securing the free
end of the tension springs D', D', and working upon the electrodes D, D, and an
auxiliary induction coil, each set of electrodes being within a separate electric
circuit, to transmit and repeat the electric undulations, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
Dated this 12th day of December 1892.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.