Improvements in Regulating Apparatus for Arc Lamps.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 23th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 14th Jan., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Regulating Apparatus for Arc Lamps.
I, HENRY LEITNER, of 207, l'iccadilly, London, W., Electrical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
This invention relates to an improved construction of arc lamp, the object of
which is to provide a simple and inexpensive lamp which will allow carbons of any
length to be regulated in the most accurate and efficient manner.
The arrangement I employ is a differential one consisting of an apparatus some-
what similar to a small motor. The field magnets, the cores of which are finely
laminated, are two in number and are wound so as to be able to be compiled up
either in series or parallel, depending on the current it is desired that the lamp
should take. Both the coils are provided with two windings, one winding of very
fine wire, which forms, with the armature in series a shunt circuit to the lamp.
The other winding is of thick wire and is part of the ordinary circuit, the current
to the carbons passing through this coil.
These coils are wound in opposite directions so that in a certain position of the
carbons and a given current, the magnetic effect of one coil is entirely neutralized
and even reversed by the other. Any variation in the current however will at once
cause a disturbance and the magnetic effect of one coil will become greater than
that of the other.
Between the ends of the two field magnets an armature is placed fitted on a
suitable spindle or shaft. This armature, similar in construction to the armature
of a motor, is wound with fine wire in series with the fine winding of the field
magnets. The whole of this circuit is thus a shunt to the main circuit.
Suitable connections are employed in connection with the spindle of the
armature passing to the carbons so that when the armature revolves the connec-
tions may be wound up or otherwise operated to bring the carbons together, or to
separate them when the current starts through the carbons after they have been
brought together.
The arrangement is as follows,-The carbons are separate before the start of the
current, weights being provided to separate the carbons when the current is cut
off. On the current being turned on it will pass through the shunt circuit, but
the series coils of the electro-magnets will of course not be excited. The current
passing only in one direction around the field magnets will thus turn the armature
and will cause the carbons to be brought slowly together. Immediately the car-
bons touch a powerful current is sent through the series coils which acting in the
opposite direction to the shunt coils instantly stops the armature and then, slowly,
without jerk reverses the motion of the armature for a short distance.
The carbons are thus drawn apart until the point of balance is reached, the
magnetic effect of the large current in the series coils balancing the effect of the
small current in the shunt. The carbons are held at this distance apart, and as
they burn away the armature slowly turns feeding them together but always allow-
ing only the fixed current to pass. As the motion is much diminished in the con-
CD

page_text: nections to the carbons, the regulation is very fine. Any irregularities in the
carbons are immediately allowed for. The motion of the carbons is quite smooth
and even and there is no danger of jerking or breaking the carbons so that a
brake or dash pot is not necessary. As only a very small current is employed for
working the arrangement, the current passing through a finely wound shunt circuit,
there is very little waste in the regulation of the lamp the arrangement being
highly economical as well as effective.. The main current not passing through
the armature at all, there are no moveable contacts, or sliding contacts that could
heat or spark or get out of order by heavy currents passing through them. By
the arrangements described the same regulator can be used for lamps of any length
of carbon pencils and their thickness also may vary within very wide limits as the
coarse winding on the field magnets can be coupled up either for large currents,
when the windings on the cores will be in parallel, or for small currents, when they
will be in series.
Dated this 28th day of February 1898.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, Agent for the Applicant.
I, HENRY LEITNER, of 207, Piccadilly, London, W., Electrical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to an improved construction of are lamp, the object of
which is to provide a simple and inexpensive lamp which will allow carbons of
any length to be regulated in an accurate and efficient manner.
I employ an arrangement of a differential kind comprising an apparatus some-
what similar to a small motor, as I shall describe referring to the accompanying
drawings Fig. 1 is an elevation and Fig. 2 is a plan of the regulating apparatus
of an arc lamp according to my invention. Fig. 3 is a diagram shewing the
electrical connections. Two field magnets A A, one of which is shewn partly in
section, have cores finely laminated, and are wound so that they can be coupled
up either in series or parallel to suit the current that may be employed for the
lamp.
Both the magnets have two windings, one winding a³ of very fine wire, which
forms, with the armature in series a shunt circuit to the lamp.
The other winding a is of thick wire and is part of the ordinary circuit, through
which the current to the carbons passes.
These coils are wound in opposite directions so that in certain positions of the
carbons and conditions of current, the magnetic effect of one of the coils is neutral-
ised by that of the other. Any variation in the current at once causes a disturbance
rendering the magnetic effect of the one coil greater than that of the other.
Between the polar extension B of the two field magnets is mounted an armature
like that of a motor, wound with fine wire c in series with the fine winding of the
field magnets.
Dis the commutator and E the brushes.
The whole of this circuit is thus a shunt to the main circuit.
Cords G wound in opposite directions on the armature shaft F, suspend the car-
bon holders, or other suitable connections are employed to actuate the carbons from
the spindle of the armature so that when the armature revolves in the one direction

page_text: the carbons are brought together it may be in opposition to weights which tend to
separate the carbons, which are therefore at a distance apart when the current is
cut off.
On the current being turned on, it passes through the shunt circuit while there
is no current through the series coils of the electromagnets. As the current thus
passes only in one direction around the field magnets the armature is caused to
revolve bringing the carbons slowly together.
Immediately on the carbons meeting, a powerful current passes through the
series coils and this acting in the direction opposite to that of the
shunt coils instantly stops the armature and then, slowly, without shock reverses
the motion of the armature until the carbons are thus drawn apart to the point
where the magnetic effect of the large current in the series coils balances the
effect of the small current in the shunt coils. As the carbons consume the armature
slowly turns feeding them together but always allowing only the predetermined
current to pass.
As the motion may be greatly diminished in the connections to the carbons, the
regulation may be very delicate.
Any irregularities in the carbons are immediately allowed for. The motion of
the carbons is quite smooth and even and there is no danger of jerking or break-
ing the carbons so that a brake or dash pot is not necessary.
As only a very small current is employed for working the motor this current
passing through a finely wound shunt circuit, there is very little waste of energy
in the regulation of the lamp so that the arrangement is highly economical as well
as effective. As the main current does not pass through the armature at all, there
is no moveable contacts, or sliding contacts, that could heat or spark or get out of
order by heavy currents passing through them.
By the arrangements described the same regulator can be used for lamps having
any length of carbon pencils and their thickness also may vary within very wide
limits as the coarse winding on the field magnets can be coupled up either for
large currents when the windings on the cores will be in parallel, or for small
currents, when they will be in series.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
Regulating apparatus for an electric arc lamp constructed and operating sub-
stantially as described with reference to the drawings.
Dalad this 28th day of November 1898
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.