Improvements in Governors for Regulating the Speed of Steam and other Motive Power Engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 10th May, 1890-Accepted, 14th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Governors for Regulating the Speed of Steam and
other Motive Power Engines.
I, GUSTAV ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of No. 79 Windsor Road, Tuebrook,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention mainly relates to, what is called automatic cut off, that is to say, the
governors act either upon a special cut off valve by means of suitable gear, or upon
the main valve, by means of expansion-reversing gear, such for instance, as described
and illustrated on Sheet 1, Figures 27, 28 and 29 of my amended Specification
No. 2037 A.D. 1879, or the ordinary link gear, or any other expansion-reversing
gear, in such a manner as to produce earlier cut offs, when the load on the engine
decreases, and later cut offs when the load increases.
This Invention is however applicable to governors which regulate the admission or
exhaust of steam, gas, or other motive fluid by means of throttle, or other similar
valves.
The object of this Invention is to obviate the usual unsteadiness and uncertainty in
the action of governors, due to valve resistance, friction in stuffing boxes, and other
causes, by means of a screw, or a nut, or a worm, connected with, and actuated by
the governor and working in a nut, or on a screw, or in a worm wheel connected to
the cut off, or expansion-reversing gear, or to the throttle valve.
In carrying this Invention into practice, I mount ordinary ball governors, or any
desired description of governors, in the usual manner, so that they receive rotary
motion of a suitable speed from the crank shaft, or any other shaft driven by the
engine, and as the balls, or the parts of the governor, subject to the centrifugal force,
approach to or recede from the axis of rotation, they impart a progressive motion to
and fro, within fixed limits, and in line with the axis of rotation, to a sleeve or the
spindle of the governor, which at the same time rotates with the whole mechanism.
Instead of transmitting, as is usually done, the progressive motion of the said
sleeve, or spindle of the governor to the cut off, or expansion-reversing gear, or the
throttle valve, I utilize its rotary motion for the purpose of imparting rotary motion,
alternatively in the same and the opposite direction, to a screw or a nut, or a worm,
working in a nut, or on a screw or in a worm wheel connected with the cut off gear,
expansion-reversing gear, or the throttle valve, by means of suitable gearing acted
upon by the said sleeve or spindle by means of clutches, or their equivalent in such a
manner, that at the normal speed of the governor, the said screw, nut, or worm
remains stationary, but at an increased speed the same turns in one direction, and at
a lower speed in the opposite direction.
It is obvious that as the valve resistance and friction in stuffing boxes, do not act
upon the said sleeve or spindle in the direction of the axis of rotation, the action of
the governor cannot be affected, as heretofore.
A convenient arrangement for applying this Invention is as follows:-A screw
suitably mounted and turning freely on its axis and placed at right angles with the
axis of rotation of the governor has attached to its end nearest the governor a mitre-
wheel. This mitre wheel gears into two other mitre-wheels, which are placed
opposite each other, mounted in suitable bearings, and turning freely and inde-
pendently of each other on their respective journals which are in line with the spindle
of the governor. These journals are hollow and the said spindle passes through them
and is free to receive the said progressive and rotary motion from the governor as
before described. The progressive motion of the spindle brings two arms keyed

page_text: thereon alternately in contact with a stud on each face of the collars of the two journals
of the said two opposite mitre-wheels.
It will be obvious that at the normal speed of the governor, the aforesaid screw
remains stationary and at a higher speed of the governor, turns in one direction and
at a lower speed of the governor, turns in the opposite direction.
A suitable check is so adjusted that it places the said spindle in the position which
corresponds with the normal speed of the governor when the nut in which the aforesaid
screw works reaches the limit of its travel on either side.
Dated this Twenty-first day of October 1889.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Governors for Regulating the Speed of Steam and
other Motive Power Engines.
I GUSTAV ALBRECHT CARL BREMME, of No. 79 Windsor Road, Tuebrook,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention mainly relates to, what is called, automatic cut off, that is to say,
the governors act either upon a special cut off valve by means of suitable gear, or
upon the main valve by means of expansion-reversing gear, such, for instance, as
described and illustrated on Sheet 1 Figures 27, 28 and 29 of my amended Specifi-
cation No. 2037 A.D. 1879, or the ordinary link-gear, or any other expansion-
reversing gear, in such a manner as to produce earlier cut offs when the load on the
engine decreases, and later cut offs when the load increases.
This Invention is, however, applicable to governors which regulate the admission,
or exhaust of steam, gas, or other motive fluid by means of throttle, or other similar
valves.
The object of this Invention is to obviate the usual unsteadiness and uncertainty in
the action of governors, due to valve resistance, friction in stuffing boxes, and other
causes, by means of a screw, or a nut, or a worm connected with, and actuated by the
governor, and working in a nut, or on a screw, or in a worm wheel connected to the
cut off or expansion-reversing gear, or to the throttle valve.
In carrying this Invention into practice, I mount ordinary ball governors, or any
desired description of governors, in the usual manner, so that they recieve rotary
motion of a suitable speed from the crank shaft, or any other shaft driven by the
engine, and as the balls, or the parts of the governor subject to the centrifugal force
approach to, or recede from the axis of rotation, they impart a progressive motion to
and fro, within fixed limits, and in line with the axis of rotation, to a sleeve or to the
spindle of the governor, which at the same time rotates with the whole mechanism.
Instead of transmitting, as is usually done, the progressive motion of the said
sleeve or spindle of the governor to the cut off gear, or expansion-reversing gear, or
the throttle valve, I utilize its rotary motion for the purpose of imparting rotary
motion, alternately in the same and opposite direction, to a screw, or a nut, or a worm
working in a nut, or on a screw, or in a worm wheel connected with the cut off gear,
or the expansion-reversing gear, or the throttle valve, by means of suitable gearing
acted upon by the said sleeve or spindle, by means of clutches, or their equivalent, in
such a manner, that at the normal speed of the governor, the said screw, nut, or worm
remains stationary, but at an increased speed the same turns in one direction and at a
lower, speed in the opposite direction.
A convenient arrangement for applying this invention is as follows: A screw
suitably mounted and turning freely on its axis and placed at right angles with the
axis of rotation of the governor, has attached to its end nearest to the governor a
mitre wheel. This mitre wheels gears into two other mitre wheels which are placed

page_text: opposite each other, mounted in suitable bearings and turning freely and inde-
pendently of each other on their respective journals, which are in line with the
spindle of the governor. These journals are hollow and the said spindle passes
through them and is free to receive the said progressive and rotary motion from
the governor as before described. The progressive motion of the spindle brings two
arms keyed thereon alternately in contact with a stud on each face of the collars of
the two journals of the said two opposite mitre wheels,
It will be obvious that at the normal speed of the governor, the aforesaid screw
remains stationary and at a higher speed of the governor, turns in one direction, and
at a lower speed of the governor turns in the opposite direction.
A suitable check is so adjusted that it places the said spindle in the position which
corresponds with the normal speed of the governor when the nut, in which the afore-
said screw works, reaches the limit of its travel on either side.
And in order that this Invention and the manner of performing the same may be
properly understood I hereunto append one sheet of explanatory drawings to be herein-
after referred to.
Figures 1. 2. 3 and 4 illustrate the special arrangement just herein before described.
An or.linary ball an i spring governor is mounted with its axis of rotation parallel
with the axis of the crankshaft from which it recieves its rotary motion, and acts by
means of a screw working in a nut upon the expansion-roversing gear described,
as already mentioned above, in my amended specification No. 2037 A.D. 1879, and
now known as Bremme's valve-gear.
Figure 1 is a sectional view shewing the essential parts of the arrangement, and the
governor in its middle or neutral position corresponding with its normal speed for
which the spring has been adjusted.
Figure 2 is an elevation showing the radius arm with part of the radius rod of the
said expansion-reversing gear, in full gear, that is, at its maximum angular deviation
from its neutral position in line (Y Y) as is well understood.
Figure 3 is an elevation of a portion of the slotted bar which connects the said
radius arm of the expansion-reversing gear with the check arrangement.
Figure 4 is an end view, on a reduced scale, of the crankshaft and governor spindle
indicating by arrows the directions in which the crankshaft and governor rotate, under
the conditions here assumed.
X X is the centre line and axis of rotation of the governor.
(1) a spurwheel keyed on the crankshaft and gearing in
(2) another spurwheel attached to
(3) a sleeve mounted and held in position in a suitable bearing and turning freely
on its journal.
(4 and 5) two mitre wheels placed opposite each other, mounted and held in
position in line with the said sleeve (3) in suitable bearings and turning
freely and independently of each other on their respective journals.
(6) a bush formed with a trunion placed at right angles, and having its
bearings concentrically in the said mitre wheels (4 and 5), and free to turn on
its axis.
(7) a third mitro wheel gearing into the said two mitre wheels (4 and 5), and
held in position, and turning freely on the said trunnion (6).
(8) a spindle passing through and recieving its rotary notion from the said
sleeve (3) by means of one or more feathers, as is well understood, and passing
through and moving freely in the said bush (6) and therefore free to assume,
what herein before has been called, the progressive motion, which means, that,
in this case, every point of this spindle and of the parts attached thereto inoves
in a line parallel, or nearly so, to the said axis of rotation (XX).
(9) a bracket attached to the said spindle (8) to which are jointed
(10 and 11) the two stems of
(12 and 13) the two governor balls.
(14 and 15) two links jointed to the said stems (10 and 11) and to the said

page_text: (16) a helical spring surrounding the said spindle (8) and held in compression
between the said bracket (9) and sleeve (3).
(17) a screw of suitable pitch attached to, and recieving its rotary motion from
the said mitre wheel (7) and working in
(18) a nut free to turn on its two trunnions fitting in holes of
(19 and 20) two cheeks forming the radius arm of the said expansion-reversing
gear.
(21) a stay bolt connecting the outer ends of the said cheeks (19 and 20) and
formed with a neck at one end, which passes through and works freely in the
slot of
(22) a slotted bar connected by means of a swivel joint to
(23) a lever arm connected to and turning on the same fulcrum with
(24) a clutch lever acting in the usual way upon
(25) a double collar attached to the said spindle (8).
(26 and 28) two arms attached to the said spindle (8) brought respectively and
alternately into contact by the said progressive motion of the spindle (8) with
(27 and 29) studs on the said mitre wheels (4 and 5).
On referring to the drawings, it will be easily understood that when the balls (12
and 13) recede from or approach to the axis of rotation (X X) owing to increase or
decrease of the engine speed, the spindle (8), while rotating, recieves the progressive
motion in such a manner as to bring into contact the arm (28) with the stud (29)
on mitre wheel (5) when the speed is higher, and the arm (26) with the stud (27)
on mitre wheel (4) when the speed is lower, than the normal speed, and that in
consequence the screw (17) rotates in the one direction for the higher speed of the
engine and in the opposite direction for the lower speed of the engine.
When the radius arm is at its extreme angular position previously fixed upon, and
shown in Figure 2, the latest cut offs and therefore the maximum steam-admission
take place, but by linking up, that is, by reducing the angular position of the radius
arm, the cut offs become earlier and the steam admission less and less, until there is
practically no steam-admission when the radius arm assumes its neutral position in
line (YY), as is well understood.
The screw (17) which, in this case, because the governor rotates to the right, as
indicated by the arrow in Figure 4, must have a lefthanded thread, will, by working
in the nut (18) act upon the radius arm so as to render the cut offs suitable for any
variation in the load on the engine and thus maintain the normal speed of the
engine.
The check arrangement, adopted here, works in the following manner: When the
radius arm arrives at its extreme outer position, shown in Figure 2, the neck (21)
arrives at the outer end of the slot of the slotted bar (22) and acting upon the lever
arm (23) and clutch lever (24) disengages the arm (26) from the stud (27) and the
screw (17) becomes stationary, and when the radius arm arrives at its neutral position
in line (YY), the neck (21) arrives at the other end of the slot of the slotted
bar (22), and acting in the opposite direction, disengages the arm (28) from the
stud (29), and the screw (17) becomes again stationary, and thus the radius arm is
prevented from moving beyond the previously fixed limits.
Figure 5 is a sectional view showing another of the numerous different arrange-
ments possible, to which this Invention may be applied, and in which, in lieu of mitre
or bevel wheels, spurwheels are used for the purpose hereinbefore described. The
governor, only partly shewn, is of the same construction as that shewn in Figure 1.
(17) a shaft held in position and turning freely in suitable bearings, on which
are keyed
(27 and 29) two spurwheels.
(30) an intermediate spurwheel gearing in the said spurwheel (27) and turning
freely on a fixed trunnion as shewn.
(8) the spindle of the governor placed parallel with the said shaft (17) and
mounted in suitable bearings so as to be free to rotate and recieve the pro-
gressive motion bereinbefore described, and on which are keyed

page_text: (26 and 28) two spurwheels which by the progressive motion of the said
spindle (8) are brought alternately and respectively into gear with the said
spurwheels (29 and 30).
It will be obvious, that the said spindle (8), on recieving its progressive motion
from the governor, will impart rotary motion alternately in the one and the opposite
direction to the said shaft (17) to which may be attached or suitably connected a
screw, or a nut, or a worm, which, by working in a nut, or on a screw, or in a worm
wheel will act upon the cut off gear or the expansion-reversing gear or the throttle
valve in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
If the engines, to be regulated, are started and reversed by means of a special
steam or hydraulic starting engine, it may be of advantage, without departing from
the object and purpose of this invention, to make the arrangement so, that the screw,
or nut, or worm, which recieves the said alternate rotary motion from the governor,
works in a nut, or on a screw or in a worm wheel suitably attached or connected to
the regulating handle, wheel, or their equivalent, of the said starting engine, as will
be easily understood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare what I
claim is :-
-
The use of a screw, or a nut, or a worm working in a nut, or on a screw, or in a
worm wheel, and recieving rotary motion alternately in the one and the oppisite
direction from the spindle, or from a sleeve, or from any other suitable part of the
governor, for the purpose of regulating the speed of steam and other motive power
engines, in the manner hereinbefore explained, described, and set forth.
Dated this 9th day of May 1890.
GUSTAV A. C. BREMME,
Applicant.