IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM AND FOR PRODUCING THE CONDENSATION OF STEAM
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Conybeare, of Abingdon Street, in the City of
Westminster, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUSES FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM AND FOR PRODUCING
THE CONDENSATION OF STEAM."
Sealed, the 28th January 1859, and dated the 31st July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Conybeare at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 31st July 1858.
I, HENRY CONYBEARE, of Abingdon Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM, AND
FOR PRODUCING THE CONDENSATION OF STEAM," to be as follows:-
My apparatuses comprise, first, removable heat extractors and removable
heat distributors, whereby I increase the area and augment the efficiency
both of the heat-receiving and of the steam-generating surfaces of the boiler
without interrupting the continuity of the boiler plate, and thereby occasioning
weakness and liability to leakage or obstructing the action of the scraper
employed in cleaning the interior of the boiler of deposit. These heat ex-
tractors consist of cellular or honeycombed surfaces of fire-brick or other
suitable material placed in immediate contact with the interior surface of the
fire-box or flues, whereby the interior surfaces of the cells act as a con
tinuation and extension of the metallic heat-absorbing surface of the boiler
in absorbing caloric from the flame and heated products of combustion, and
conducting and transmitting it to the boiler, water. Where the flues are
tubes of too small diametar to admit of the cellular lining of fire-brick above

page_text: described, I arrange the heat extractors so that the principal mass occupies
the centre of the tubes, and is kept in its position by three or more projecting
feathers, arranged like the feathers on an arrow, thus dividing the air-way of
the tubes into two or three or more divisions, and thereby proportionately
increasing the absorbing surface of the escaping products of combustion.
And in the interior of the boiler, and resting on and in immediate contact
with the inversed surface of the metallic plate separating the boiler water
from the heat extractor, the furnace, and the flues, I place my removable heat
distributors, which are made of metal or other suitable material, and so
formed as to present a large heat-distributing surface to the boiler water
without opposing any obstacle to the free circulation thereof.
Secondly, my Invention consists in the employment of improved forms of
blowers, which I term the quadrant and disc blowers, for providing the
combustion chamber and flues above mentioned with the amount of air
required to perfect combustion, and thus enable the heat extractors and
heat distributors to do their work in increasing the co-operative efficiency
of the fuel employed.
Thirdly, my Invention consists of apparatus for superheating steam on its
passage from the steam-generating vessel to the working cylinder by sending
it backwards and forwards through a series of small tubes placed immediately
across the path of the heated gases escaping to the chimney, and thus
exposing a very large heating surface thereto.
Fourthly, my Invention consists in fitting a valve or door at the throat
of the outlet of the flue into the chimney, for the purpose of preventing
(by its temporary closure) the cooling down of the heat extracted and of
the interior of the furnaces and flues by an indraught of cool air whenever
the fire-door is opened for coaling.
And, fifthly, my Invention consists of a peculiar apparatus for condensing
the steam, in which the condensation is effected by metallic surfaces kept
at a low temperature by the refrigerating effect of an escaping current of
previously condensed air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Conybeare in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 31st January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
CONYBEARE, of Abingdon Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Herreign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Conybeare, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Conybeare, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Cony beare, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUSES FOR GENERATING AND SUPERHEATING STEAM, AND FOR PRODUCING THE
CONDENSATION OF STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Henry Conybeare, my executors or administrators, by an instrumentin writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Conybeare, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
My Invention cousists, first, in the employment of removable. heat ex-
tractors and removable heat distributors, whereby 1 increase the area and
augment the efficiency both of the heat-receiving and of the steam-generating
surfaces of the boiler without interrupting the continuity of the boiler plate,
and thereby occasioning weakness and liability to leakage, and without
obstructing the action of the scraper employed in cleaning the interior of the
boiler of deposit. These heat extractors consist of cellular or honey.combed
surfaces of fire-brick or other suitable material placed in immediate contact
with the interior surface of the fire-box or flues. The interior surfaces of the
cells act as a continuation and extension of the metallic heat-extracting sur-
face of the boiler in extracting caloric from the flame and heated products of
Where
combustion, and conducting and transmitting it to the boiler water.
the flues are tubes of too small diameter to admit of the cellular lining of
fire-brick above described, I arrange the heat extractors so that the principal
mass occupies the centre of the tubes, and is kept in its position by three or

page_text: more projecting feathers, arranged like the feathers on an arrow, thus dividing
the air-way of the tubes into two or three or more divisions, and thereby
proportionately increasing the heat extracting surface exposed to the escaping
products of combustion. My removable heat-distributors I place in the
interior of the boiler, and resting on and in immediate contact with the
inverted surface of the metallic plate separating the boiler water from the
furnace and the flues. These removable heat distributors are made of
metal or other suitable material, and so formed as to present a large heat-
distributing surface to the boiler water without opposing any obstacle to the
free circulation thereof. The best method with which I am acquainted of
carrying this part of my Invention into effect is illustrated in the annexed
Drawings, Figures 1, 2, and 3.
Figure 1 is an isometrical perspective view of part of a furnace fitted with
my improved heat extractors and heat distributors. This view is supposed to
be taken from a point in front of and below the fire-bars, the under sides only
of which are seen. A is the inner, and A¹ is the outer, shell of the boiler;
W is the water; and S, the steam space; B, B, are the fire-bars; C, C, the
cellular or honeycomb heat extractors; and, D, the heat distributors,
several of which are shown separately in Figure 2. These distributors are
formed of a sole plate, from which rises a series of parallel leaves of metal, as
shown, which will offer no obstruction to the free circulation of the boiler water.
Figure 3 illustrates another mode in which they may be formed with
advantage. Here they consist of a sole plate, from which rises a series of
spikes or rods. The heat extractors are perforated both longitudinally and
laterally, as shown, in order to allow the heat to pencitrate them thoroughly
and with facility. They are supported as shewn at C¹, Figure 1. The heat
distributors, when formed as in Figure 2, are likewise perforated to increase
the facility with which the heat escapes from them to the water. They are
supported as shown at D1, Figure 1.
In Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, I have represented views of the forms of heat
extractors which I apply to the tubes when the flues are too small to admit
of the extractors before described. In Figure 4 I have shown the heat-
extractor A with a turn in it, in order that the hot gases as they pass along
may be brought constantly into contact with the extractor; Tis the tube.
Figure is a cross section of Figure 4. Heat extractors of this kind, or of
the similar kinds shown in the sectional Figures 6 and 7, and in the per-
spective view, Figure S, are made, by preference, in short lengths, and have
their ends rounded off, as shewn in Figure 8, to facilitate the passage of
the gases along them.

page_text: Secondly, my Invention consists in the employment of improved forms of
blowers, which I term the quadrant and disc blowers, for providing the com-
bustion chamber and flues above mentioned with the amount of air required
to perfect combustion, and thus enable the heat extractors and heat distri-
butors to do their work in increasing the evaporative efficiency of the fuel
employed. My improved quadrant blower is illustrated in the transverse
sectional view, Figure 9. A is the piston, which is caused to vibrate about
the shaft S by means of a rod r, leading from any suitable moving part of
an engine or otherwise, its vibrations being, by preference, synchronous with
those of the engine; B is the casing, and C a fixed internal plate, along
which the packing p of the piston moves. The piston is also packed above
at the point pl. D is a slide valve for alternately cutting off and establishing
communication between the escape or blowing passage E and the
a, b. When the piston moves in the direction indicated by the arrow, the air
within the case on the advance side of the piston is forced through the
passage a and the blowing passage E, the external air at the same time
rushing into the other side of the case through the passage b. When the
slide is moved to the left and the piston is reversed, the air that before
rughed in is forced out through the passage band the blowing passage E, and
fresh air is drawn in through the passage a, and so on. My improved disc
blower, shown in Figure 10, resembles the well-known disc engine in its
general form and arrangement, and differs from it only in having either the
surfaces of the disc D or the conical surfaces C, C, covered with vulcanized
india-rubber, in order to secure efficient contact between them without
considerably increasing the friction.
passages
Thirdly, my Invention consists of apparatus for superheating steam in its
passage from the steam-generating vessel to the working cylinder by sending
it backwards and forwards through a series of small tubes placed immediately
across the path of the heated gases escaping to the chimney, and thus
exposing a very large heating surface thereto. This part of my Invention
may be best carried into effect by the means illustrated in Figures 11, 12,
and 13. Figure 11 is an end view, partly in section, of part of a locomotive
boiler with sets of vertical tubes for superheating the steam placed in rear
of the ordinary boiler tubes. A is the boiler; B, K, are the boiler tubes; C,C,
are the superheating tubes; D, D, D1, D1, are steam cases into which these
tubes open, and which, with the said tubes, are shewn in perspective in
Figure 12. Figure 13 is a partial horizontal section taken through the tubes
C, C, and between the tubes B, B; E is the steam pipe leading from the
boiler to the superheating apparatus; F is the steam pipe leading from this

page_text: apparatus to the cylinders of the engine; and d, d, d, d', are partitions in
the cases D, D, D', D¹, respectively, for the purpose of causing the steam
to descend the first set of the superheating pipes, ascend the second, descend
the third, and so on until it escapes by the pipe F, as indicated by the
arrows. In this manner the steam may be brought into contact with a very
large amount of heating surface.
Fourthly, my Invention consists in fitting a valve or door at the throat
of the outlet of the flue into the chimney, for the purpose of preventing
(by its temporary closure) the cooling down of the interior of the furnaces
and flues by an indraught of cool air whenever the fire-door is open for
coaling. A vertical valve or door turning about a spindle at top and a
centre at bottom, as illustrated in Figure 14, will answer this purpose. The
valve or door A may be moved by means of the spindle B in any convenient
manner, in order to shut off the escape of the gases from the flue C when
the coaling takes place, as before explained, and to permit it again when
the coaling is completed.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do not confine myself
to the details herein-before described; but I claim,-
First, the employment of removable heat extractors and removable heat
distributors essentially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described, whether constructed and fitted as illustrated in the Drawings
hereunto annexed, or in any modified way.
Secondly, the employment of quadrant blowers and disc blowers con-
structed and fitted essentially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described.
Thirdly, the employment of apparatus for superheating the steam, con-
structed and arranged in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
Fourthly, the employment of a valve or door in the flue in the manner and
for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Henry Conybeare, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-nine.
H. CONYBEARE. (L.S.)