IMPROVEMENTS IN AND 1 APPLICABLE TO SMOKE PREVENTING AND FUEL 'SAVING GRATES AND STOVES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to August Friedrich Andresen of 97 Abbey Road Hampstead
in the county of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
1
APPLICABLE TO SMOKE PREVENTING AND FUEL 'SAVING GRATES AND STOVES
1
1
1
: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said August Friedrich Andresen
at, the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1883.
.
AUGUST FRIEDRICH ANDRESEN of 97. Abbey Road Hampstead in the county of
Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO SMOKE PREVENTING AND
FUEL SAVING GRATES AND STOVES".
This invention relates to certain improvements in and applicable to smoke
preventing and fuel saving grates and stoves and has for object the construction of
grates stoves and fire-places in such wise as to allow of the regulation of the
draught to and across the fire as the exigences of the stages of ignition and
combustion of the material under ignition or combustion may demand.
"
In describing the construction of the grates and appliances I employ the
following terms for the principal parts viz (1)
" mouth that is the chimney
opening above the fire and the grate or fire basket itself (2) "Upper lip" that is
an enclosing screen above the grate (3) "lower lip "a screen for the lower portion
of the grate (4) and "throat" that portion of the grate between the upper and
lower lip; the fuel consumed may be of any kind either wood coke or soft or hard
coal
The principal of these arrangements lies in bringing the greatest draught which
has hitherto been lost in the upper part of the throat of the chimney causing
smoke and great waste of heat into the front and over the top of the fire thus
having a glowing surface of coal above in the fire and the black coal below
The lower part of the mouth is furnished with a fire-clay back baffle bottom and
cheeks The top of the back forms the baffle and projects inwards and over the
fire to deflect the gaseous products of combustion forward according to the size of
the mouth
The lower lip is a movable shield by means of which the coal below the top bar
can be absolutely protected from the draught.
:

page_text: The upper lip is also a shield closing the upper part of the mouth to within
about half an inch of the top bar.
To light the fire the grate is filled with soft coal up to the top bar and heaped
upwards towards the baffle some paper and a "fire wheel" or other convenient
combustible such as wood will then be placed on the top and surrounded by
cinders or half burned coal and lighted the under lip or lower shield having been
first hung or closed on the top bar or the second bar of the grate according to size
of the fire required.
་
The upper lip or shield which is suspended conveniently by a stud or eye
working in a corresponding eye or stud on the grate, is left on for ten minutes or
quarter of an hour and then as soon as the upper surface of the coal is well alight
is either shortened or replaced by a smaller one.. When this upper surface is
burning well it should be built up with coke or anthracite coal and then left
untouched until it is burning down to the top bar when the under lip or shield
should be lowered to expose more soft coal to the draught. Thus a lasting and
beautiful bright and smokeless fire is obtained.
Should it be necessary to add more soft coal it should be placed close to the top
bars immediately in front of the fire.
In another arrangement there is made the difference that the upper lip or shield
reaches a little below the top bar and that a gas pipe furnished with a flat indented
plate on the top is applied below the top bar. This gas pipe is perforated with
holes having a slightly downwards direction and the lower shield reaches within
a short distance of the upper shield. In this case a variation of the upper lip' may
be applied, by furnishing, the mouth, of the fire-place, with a plater attached to the
upper shield or fixed to the opening of the chimney and slanting downward and
inward.
The under lip or lower shield acts in combination with the upper one producing
upon the gas the effect of a blow-pipe and causing the gas flame to impinge
sharply upon the coal or fuel; by this gas arrangement no wool for lighting is
required, nor removal of the cinders and a bright fire is obtained in less time, which
may be strengthened, or weakened by means of the supply of gas or fuel, and the
opening or closing of the two lips. Should the fire be no longer required it may
be extinguished by raising the lower lip above the top bar and turning off the gas.
According to aithird arrangement' the two preceeding constructions are combined
but as applied to a free standing stove with open fireplace of iron covered with
tiles, or of the description of the "Ceramic Company" or Doulton Stoves/?. A
11 Will
The shields or lips can be made of common or, nickel plated, iron or brass..
perforated and fitted with mica so that the fire can at all times be seen even while.
it is being lighted. It is taken for granted in adapting, these arrangements that
the chimney has not a down draught, should this be the case it would. have to be
obviated by means of one of the many rotary cowls, or otherwise.
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With this arrangement there is insured perfect combustion, absence of smoke and
the greatest economy of fuel.
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In some cases as a matter of fitting the movable shields may be replaced by
roller shutters hinged plates and so forth
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page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said August Friedrich Andresen in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th September 1883.
"
:
AUGUST FRIEDRICH ANDRESEN of 97 Abbey Road, Hampstead in the County of
Middlesex IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO SMOKE PREVENTING AND FUEL
SAVING GRATES AND STOVES"
This Invention relates to certain improvements in and applicable to smoke
preventing and fuel saving grates and stoves and has for object the construction of
grates stoves and fire places in suchwise as to allow of the regulation of the
draught to and across the fire as. the exigences of the stages of ignition and
combustion of the material under ignition or combustion may demand.
;
"
a
In describing the construction of the grates and appliances I employ the
following terms for the principal parts viz (1) "Mouth" that is the fuel receiving
cavity (2) Throat" that is the chimney opening above the fire and the grate
or fire basket itself and which may be widened or narrowed by the (3) "Baffle"
transverse barrier of fire-clay; (4) "Cheeks "also of fire Clay upon which the
baffle rests; (5) "Upper Lip" that is an enclosing screen or fan above the grate
(6) "Lower Lip" a screen or shield for the lower portion of the grate or fireplace;
the fuel consumed may be of any kind, either wood coke, soft or hard coal.
The principle of these arrangements lies in bringing the greatest draught (which
has hitherto been lost in the upper part of the throat of the chimney and so
causing smoke and great waste of heat) into the front and over the top of the fire,
thus causing a glowing surface of coal above and in the fire said glowing surface
being also above the black coal below.
The Invention is represented in the accompanying sheet of drawings, wherein
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of this improved stove with shield and gas arrangement
attached.
Fig. 2 a section at line a, b, Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 like view to Fig 1 with fan shield removed.
Fig. 4 detached view of the permanent top shield varying in size according to
the throat of Chimney. Fig. 5 detached front view, and section of the upper
permanent shield and lower removable shield combined.
Fig. 6 detached front view and section of the lower removable shield provided
with mica slides to cover the apertures.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the combined fire clay back and upper baffle
piece
Fig 8 a like view of the fireclay back without the baffle. Fig. 8ª a like view of
the fire clay cheeks.
Fig. 9 a view from inside of fire grate of the grate bars showing application of
the gas tube or Bunsen burner attached to the top bar.
Fig. 10 is a front view of the flat indented plate for deflecting the gas jets and
also holding the fuel clear from the gas nipples or perforations of the gas tube.
Fig. 11 represents in central vertical section a variation of the upper lip
projecting downwards and inwards.
In one arrangement according to this Invention and which may be denominated
the "Faraday-Andresen".class the lower part of the mouth is furnished with a
fire clay back, baffle, bottom and cheeks.
The top of the back. forms the baffle and projects inwards and over the fire to
deflect or throw the heat forward and this baffle varies in size according to the
mouth.

page_text: The upper lip is a movable shield or Fan (which may be in the form of a sliding
or rolling shutter) closing the upper part of the mouth to within about half an
inch of the top bar.
The lower lip is also a shield by means of which the coal below the top bar can
be absolutely protected from the draught
To light the fire, the grate is filled with soft coal up to the top bar and heaped
upwards towards the baffle, some paper and a "fire' wheel" or other convenient
combustible such as wood, will then be placed on the top, and surrounded by
cinders or half burned coal and lighted. The underlip or lower shield having been
first; hung or closed on to the top bar or on to the second bar of the grate according
to size of the fire required..
J.
The upper lip or shield which is suspended conveniently. by a stud or eye,
working in a corresponding eye or stud on the grate (or may be in the form of a
slide or rolling shutter) is left on for ten minutes or a quarter of an hour, and
then as soon as the upper surface of the coal is well alight is either shortened or
replaced by a smaller one..
When the upper surface is burning well, it should be built up with coke or
anthracite coal and then left untouched, until it is burned down to the top bar,
when the underlip' or shield, should be lowered to expose more of the lower black
layer of soft to the draught, thus a lasting, a bright and smokeless fire is obtained
as the burning is effected gradually downward.
"
Should it be necessary to add more soft coal it should be placed in large lumps
close to the top bars immediately in front of the fire and will burn best when
slightly moistened. On the bottom in filling the grate, the smallest coal will do,
but should be dry..
ور
In another arrangement which I may call "Siemens-Andresen or " Andresen-
Siemens." class, there is made the difference, that the upperlip or shield or fan
reaches a little below the top bar, and that a gas, pipe furnished, with a flat indented
plate (Fig. 10) on the top, is applied beneath the top bar. This gas pipe is
perforated with holes or fitted with nipples having a slightly downward or upward
direction and the lower shield reaches within a short distance of the upper shield
ór Fan. In this case a variation of the upperlip may be applied by furnishing the
mouth of the Fireplace with a plate attached to the upper shield; or fixed to the
opening of the chimney and slanting downward and inward as shown in Fig. 11
The underlip or lower shield acts in combination with the upper one or fan
producing upon the gas the effect of a blowpipe and causing the gas flame to
impinge sharply upon the coal or other fuel: with this gas arrangement, no wood
for lighting is required nor removal of the cinders, and a bright fire is obtainable
in less time, and said fire may be strengthened or weakened by means of the
supply of gas or fuel and the opening or closing of the two lips.
Should the fire be no longer required it may be extinguished by raising the
lower lip above the top bar and turning off the gas.
According to a third arrangement or "Rumford-Andresen " class, the two preceding
modes of combustion are combined, but as applied to a kitchener, or to a free
standing stove with open fireplace, of Iron, or covered with tiles or of the description
of the Keramic Art-Tile Co Stoves or Doulton stoves.
The shields or lips or fans can be made of common or nickel plated iron or of
brass perforated and fitted with mica so that the fire can at all times be seen even
whilst it is being lighted. 'It' is taken for granted in adapting these arrangements,
that the chimney has not a downdraught should this be the case, it would have to
be obviated by means of one of the many newly invented rotary exhaust cowls
or otherwise.
+
With this arrangement there is ensured perfect combustion absence of smoke
and the greatest economy of fuel.
Instead of gas, hydro carbon oils, can be substituted for lighting the fire by the
necessary alteration of providing a receptacle in connection with tubes and nozzles
or "burners"

page_text: Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention I
claim:-
The Improvements in and applicable to smoke preventing and fuel saving grates
and stoves as herein set forth.
In Witness whereof I the said August Friedrich Andresen have hereunto set
my band and seal this twenty seventh day of September in the year of our Lord
one thousand eight hundred and eighty three
AUG F ANDRESEN
(L.S.)