Year: 1886

page_text: I, FREDERICK LANE of 29 Great St. Helens in the City of London Ship Broker
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved ship for carrying petroleum or
other liquid cargo in bulk.
The hold of the vessel between the upper deck and the keel plate is for this
purpose divided as follows:-
1st Resting upon the skin of the vessel at the bottom cellular compartments for
the purpose of carrying water ballast.
2nd A deck dividing the vessel between the upper deck and the top of the
water ballast compartments into upper and lower holds such deck being
constructed in a manner to be perfectly oil tight and to form the top of the
lower hold tanks.
Lower hold to be divided by longitudinal and thwartship bulkheads into separate
tanks.
Upon the top of the lower hold tanks separate tanks are constructed of such
dimensions as may be requisite to bring the centre of gravity of the cargo into the
proper position.
Upon the top of the lower hold tanks small reservoirs are constructed fitted in
such a manner as to provide against the contraction or expansion of the oil in the
lower hold tanks and to insure that the lower hold tanks shall at all times remain
completely full and that no movement of the liquid in such tanks shall take place.
Upon the upper deck similar small reservoirs are constructed for the purpose
of providing against the contraction or expansion of the oil in the between deck
tanks.
The engines and boilers for propelling the ship occupy the after part with per-
manent bunker space forward of the engines and divided from the oil tanks by
double bulkheads; the space between such double bulkheads is filled with material
or liquid.
Each tank is fitted with pipes and hose for loading and discharging the contents
also with ventilators and gauges showing the depth of liquid in the tanks and for
cutting off the supply at this point when the tanks are full.

page_text: An Improved Ship for Carrying Petroleum or other Liquid
Cargo in Bulk.
I FREDERICK LANE of 29 Great St. Helens in the City of London Ship Broker
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manuer the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention has for its object an improved ship for carrying petroleum or
other liquid cargo in bulk.
The hold of the vessel between the upper deck and the keel plate is for this
purpose divided as follows:-First, resting upon the skin of the vessel at the
bottom are cellular compartments for the purpose of carrying water ballast, and
second there is a deck dividing the vessel between the upper deck and the top of
the water ballast compartments into upper and lower holds such deck being con-
structed in a manner to be perfectly oil tight and to form the top of the lower hold
tanks. The lower hold is also divided by longitudinal and thwartship bulkheads
into separate tanks.
Upon the top of the lower hold tanks separate tanks are constructed of such
dimensions as may be requisite to bring the centre of gravity of the cargo into the
proper position.
Upon the top of the lower hold tanks small reservoirs are constructed fitted in
such a manner as to provide against the contraction or expansion of the oil in the
lower hold tanks and to ensure that the lower hold tanks shall at all times remain
completely full and that no movement of the liquid in such tanks shall take place.
Upon the upper deck similar small reservoirs are constructed for the purpose
of providing against the contraction or expansion of the oil in the between deck
tanks.
The engines and boilers for propelling the ship occupy the after part with per-
manent bunker space forward of the engines and divided from the oil tanks by
double bulkheads; the space between such double bulkheads is filled solid or with
material or liquid.
Each tank is fitted with pipes and hose for loading and discharging the contents
also with ventilators and gauges showing the depth of liquid in the tanks and for
cutting off the supply at this point when the tanks are full.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section and Figure 2 is a transverse section of a ship
constructed according to my invention to carry petroleum or other liquid cargo.
a is the outer skin of the vessel. 6 is an inner skin extending over the bottom
only. c. c. are water ballast compartments between the two skins; these can be
filled and emptied at pleasure. d is the lower deck which also forms the top of
the lower hold oil tanks.

page_text: e. e. are bulkheads dividing the lower hold transversely and f is a longitudinal
bulkhead dividing each transverse portion into two tanks port and starboard.
These lower hold tanks as will be seen are not separate structures but are
compartments of the lower hold enclosed at the bottom by the inner skin of the
vessel, at the top by the lower deck at the ends by the transverse bulkheads, on
one side by the outer skin of the vessel and on the other side by the longitudinal
bulkhead.
g. g. are other tanks formed upon the lower deck to stow a further quantity of
oil and at the same time to raise the centre of gravity of the cargo.
h. h. are small expansion or feeder tanks in communication with the main tanks;
these admit of the inain tanks being kept constantly full so long as the vessel is at
sea and any changes of volume which may occur from variation of temperature and
other causes are compensated by a rise or fall of the liquid level in these small
tanks h. and are fore and aft water ballast compartments. Other features of
the ship are clearly represented by the drawings but these not being of my invention
no special description of them is requisite.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. A ship having tanks for liquid cargo bounded by the inner and outer skin,
the lower deck and bulk heads substantially as described.
2. A ship having a double bottom with water ballast compartments between the
inner and outer skin and with the said inner skin forming the bottom of tanks for
liquid cargo substantially as described.
3. A ship having tanks for liquid cargo formed by dividing the lower hold by
bulk heads into liquid tight compartments and provided with expansion tanks
or feeders by the aid of which the main tanks may be kept constantly full substan-
tially as described.
4. A ship having tanks for liquid cargo formed by dividing the lower hold by
bulk heads into liquid tight compartments and other tanks built upon the lower
deck substantially as described.