IM- IN OR ADDITIONS TO LAMPS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hickling Parkes, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
IN OR ADDITIONS TO LAMPS "
DRAWNMENTS
Sealed the 15th December 1874, and dated the 22nd June 1874. .
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hickling Parkes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd June 1874.
I, SAMUEL HICKLING PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements in or additions to lamps
herein-after described, whereby the light of the lamp is rendered white
or nearly white, the rays of light projected in parallel or nearly parallel
lines, and an intense and uniform illumination obtained of any object or
surface on which the light of the lamp may be directed.

page_text: My Invention is applicable to lamps burning gas as well as to lamps
burning fats or fixed or volatile oils.
Lamps provided with my Invention are especially suited for reading
and for use with the microscope, but my Invention is applicable to
other kinds of lamps.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a table lamp, such
as is commonly used for burning volatile oils. Upon the lower part
of the chimney of the lamp I support a conical hood or bonnet of
sheet metal having internally a polished and, by preference, plated
surface. This conical hood is supported on the chimney in a horizontal
position, that is, the axis of the conical hood is horizontal and at right
angles to the axis of the lamp chimney. The lamp chimney passes
through openings formed across the conical hood, the said openings
being provided with short tubes external to the hood, which tubes fit
the parts of the chimney immediately. above and below that part which
is situated in the interior of the conical hood. The conical hood is
supported at such a height that its axis. passes through the brightest
part of the flame. The smaller end of the conical hood is closed by a
reflector, by preference of a parabolic figure, and made either of plated
metal or silvered glass. The flame of the lamp is in the focus of the
said reflector. To the larger or front end of the conical hood a circular
frame is jointed, the said frame being glazed with a thin sheet of glass
of a faint blue colour. This frame may be opened from and closed
against the wider end of the conical hood by a small knob provided
with a spring catch fastening. I prefer to make the upper side of the
front part of the hood project over the lower side.
The conical hood may be made of porcelain instead of metal, or it
may be made of metal enamelled.
By the use of my Invention the eyes are screened from the light
while the surface or object towards which the front of the hood is
turned is brightly illuminated by a light from which the excess of
yellow and red rays have been absorbed, and which consequently has
not the irritating property common to ordinary artificial light.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Hickling Parkes in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HICKLING PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in
the thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Samuel Hickling Parkes,
Her special license that I, the said Samuel Hickling Parkes, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Samuel Hickling Parkes, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO LAMPS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Samuel Hickling
Parkes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hickling Parkes, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the improvements in or additions to lamps
herein-after described, whereby the light of the lamp is rendered white
or nearly white, the rays of light projected in parallel or nearly parallel
lines, and an intense and uniform illumination obtained of any object or
surface on which the light of the lamp may be directed,

page_text: .
My Invention is applicable to lamps burning gas as well as to lamps
burning fats or fixed or volatile oils.
Lamps provided with my Invention are especially suited for reading
and for use with the microscope, but my Invention is applicable to
other kinds of lamps.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a table lamp, such
as is commonly used for burning volatile oils. Upon the lower part
of the chimney of the lamp I support a conical hood or bonnet of
sheet metal having internally a polished and, by preference, plated
surface. This conical hood is supported on the chimney in a nearly
horizontal position, that is, the axis of the conical hood is nearly
horizontal and nearly at right angles to the axis of the lamp chimney.
The lamp chimney passes through openings formed across the conical
hood, the said openings being provided with short tubes external to the
hood. The conical hood is supported at such a height that its axis
passes through the brightest part of the flame. The smaller end of the
conical hood is closed by a reflector, by preference of a parabolic figure,
and made either of plated metal, speculum metal, or silvered glass.
The flame of the lamp is in the focus of the said reflector. To the
larger or front end of the conical hood a circular frame is jointed, the
said frame being glazed with a thin sheet of glass of a faint blue colour.
This frame may be opened from and closed against the wider end of the
conical hood by a small knob provided with a spring catch fastening.
I prefer to make the upper side of the front part of the hood project
over the lower side.
The conical hood may be made of porcelain instead of metal, or it
may be made of metal enamelled.
By the use of my Invention the eyes are screened from the light,
while the surface or object towards which the front of the hood is
turned is brightly illuminated by a light from which the excess of
yellow and red rays have been absorbed, and which consequently has
not the irritating property common to ordinary artificial light.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in
which the same is to be performed.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in elevation (partly in section), a table lamp for
burning volatile oil, to which my Invention is applied.
Figure 2 represents in side elevation, and Figure 3 in front elevation,
the apparatus constituting my Invention, detached from the lamp..
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2,
and 3..
a is the conical hood or bonnet of sheet metal or of the materials
herein-before described. The said hood a has a polished and plated
internal surface, and the said hood is provided at top and. bottom with
short tubes b, c, opening into the said hood, by the latter of which tubes
it is supported on the burner e at the required height by means of
the flange c³ of the said lower tube c embracing and resting upon the
shoulder on the said burner e, as seen in Figure 1, where the hood a
and parts connected with it are represented in section; g is the
parabolic or other reflector at the smaller or back end a² of the hood a.
The said back or smaller end a² is made capable of being readily
removed from and replaced upon the hood. This is effected by making
the said end separable from the hood a and connecting it to the said
hood by a bayonet-joint fastening at a³; h is a circular frame jointed
at ² to the larger or front end of the conical hood, and i is a sheet of
glass of a faint blue colour with which the said frame his glazed. The
said frame by means of its joint ² is capable of being raised into the
front of the hood a, so as to close it as seen in Figures 1 and 2, or
of being turned out of the said hood as indicated in dotted lines in
Figure 1. The frame h is raised and lowered by means of the knob ³,
and when the said frame is in its raised position it is held firmly in
that position by means of a spring catch fastening * bearing against
the inner side of the hood, as represented in Figure 1. The upper side
of the front part of the hood a projects over the lower side (see the
section, Figure 1, and side elevation, Figure 2). The axis of the hood a,.
when the said hood is supported on the burner in the manner repre-
sented in Figure 1, passes through the brightest part of the flame of
the lamp, and the flame of the lamp is in the focus of the reflector g.
The rays of light are projected in parallel or nearly parallel lines by.
the reflector g, and by passing through the sheet of faint blue glass i
with which the frame is glazed, the light of the lamp issuing from
the front, of the hood is rendered white or nearly white by the absorption

page_text: by the said blue glass of the excess of yellow and red rays, and an
intense and 'uniform illumination obtained; the eyes at the same time
being screened from the light by the hood a.
Figure 4 represents in longitudinal section, Figure 5 in end elevation,
and Figure 6 in plan, a modification of my Invention to be used for
absorbing the yellow and red rays of the light of gas and other lamps,
and for concentrating the light of the lamp. In this modification I
make the hood k of a flat plate of metal bent at its middle into the
shape best seen in the plan, Figure 6, the said hood being open at
front and top and bottom. Around three sides of the square front end
of the hood k grooves or channels p are made, constituting a square
frame for receiving the sheet of glass of a faint blue colour marked q,
which glass can be introduced into or removed from the said frame p
by sliding it vertically into or out of the open top of the frame. The
curved back of the hood constitutes a reflector by which a concentrated
light is thrown through the faint blue glass q.
When a light concentrated to a focus is required a concave mirror
may be placed at the back of the hood, as shown at 2, Figures 4 and 5.
The apparatus is fixed to the lamp by the frames at its bottom being
made to embrace the burner of the lamp, the said frame resting on a
shoulder on the said burner and being fixed by the set screws t, t.
The arrangement for combining the sheet of blue glass with the hood,
Figures 4, 5, and 6, by a sliding motion may be applied to the hood.
represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, and the hinged arrangement may be
applied to Figures 4, 5, and 6..
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner.
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention the improve-
ments in or additions to lamps herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawing, that is to say, applying to the burners
of lamps a hood or bonnet having at its back a reflector and at its open
front a sheet of glass of a faint blue colour, the said sheet of glass
being carried by a jointed frame which can be closed against or opened a
from the said front of the hood, or made to slide into or out of a
grooved frame at the front of the hood; the parts of the apparatus

page_text: being constructed, combined, and used, substantially as and for the
purposes described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hickling Parkes, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
SAMUEL HICKLING PARKES. (L.S.)
Witness,
* RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.