IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Lillie, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN
RANGES AND IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING."
Sealed the 16th April 1875, and dated the 19th February 1875.

page_text: venient shape. The oven is surrounded by a flue, which separates it
from the boiler. The flue is separated into divisions by partitions, and
the products of combustion from the fire-grate which is placed below
pass to and fro through the divisions; the heat is thus always acting on
the oven or the boiler, or on both. The oven and the ends of the flue t
are closed by sliding or other doors.
The fire-grate is provided with an angle back formed of perforated
slabs of fire-clay or other earthy substances, and in some cases it is
divided into two or more separate grates by cross slabs. The hot hearth
is made of terra cotta or other equivalent, and the whole fire-grate is 1
mounted on wheels so that it may be drawn from under the boiler or
oven, or the fire-grate may be stationary.
The fire-grate may also be placed against a circular or other shaped
oven, with the flue passing over and under it, and thence to the boiler
or to an additional oven, and with a hot hearth covering the whole or 1
part.
The relative position of the parts may be modified, but in all cases
the products of combustion are carried on a level or upwards, and to and
fro along the flues until the heat is entirely absorbed.
When my Invention is applied to fire-places for warming purposes the 2
angle fire-places form a central flue, through which the hot air escapes
into the apartment.

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-ninth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Lillie, Her special licence that I, the said
Joseph Lillie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Lillie, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES AND IN APPARATUS
FOR HEATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Joseph Lillie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Lillie, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object of my Invention is to economise fuel and to facilitate the
cleaning out of the flues in kitchen ranges, and in apparatus for heating,
also to reduce the cost of construction.
In performing my Invention I make the oven of terra cotta, fire-clay,
or other earthy substance, of square, circular, octagon, or other con-
venient shape. The oven is surrounded by a flue, which separates it
from the boiler. The flue is separated into divisions by partitions, and
the products of combustion from the fire-grate which is placed below
pass to and fro through the divisions; the heat is thus always acting on
the oven, or boiler, or on both. The oven and the ends of the flue
are closed by sliding or other doors.
The fire-grate is provided with an angle back formed of prepared slabs
of fire-clay or other carthy substance, and in some cases it is divided
into two or more separate grates by cross slabs. The hot hearth is made
of terra cotta or other equivalent, and the whole fire-grate is mounted
on wheels (when arranged to slide under the boiler) so that it may

page_text: be drawn from under the boiler or oven; or the fire-grate may be
stationary.
The fire-grate may also be placed against a circular or other shaped
' oven, with the flue passing over and under it, and thence to the boiler
or to an additional oven, and with a hot hearth covering the whole or
part.
The relative position of the parts may be modified, but in all cases the
products of combustion are carried on a level or upwards, and to and fro
along the flues until the heat is entirely absorbed.
When my Invention is applied to fire-places for warming purposes the
angle fire-places form a central flue thro' which the hot air escapes into
the apartment.
And in order that this my said Invention may be more readily under-
stood and carried into practical effect I have hereunto annexed two
Sheets of Drawings illustrating several modifications of my Invention.
Similar letters marked on the several views being used to indicate
similar parts.
Figs. 1 & 2 are front elevations, partly in section, of a kitchen range
constructed in accordance with my Invention, Fig. 1 shewing a
stationary fire-place and octagonal shaped oven, and Fig. 2 a fire-place a
mounted on wheels, with a circular shaped oven; and Fig. 3 is a side
sectional view of Fig. 2.
Figs. 4 and 5 are end views respectively of a semicircular and circular
oven and boiler, with a corresponding shaped intervening flue arranged
in accordance with my Invention.
Fig. 6 is a front exterior view, Fig. 7 a side sectional view, and
Fig. 8 a sectional plan of a kitchen range forming another modification
of my Invention; and Fig. 9 is a front sectional view of Fig. 7, shewing
the oven and boiler.
2
Fig. 10 is a front sectional elevation, and Fig. 11 a sectional plan of a g
double kitchen range constructed in accordance with my Invention.
In all the foregoing views A is the oven constructed of fire-clay, terra
cotta, or other suitable earthy substance, by preference formed in one
piece, with a solid back, as seen in Figs. 3, 7, and 8. B is the hot water

page_text: boiler which is arranged with a cavity on the inside, wholly surrounding
the oven at the sides and at the top and bottom, as illustrated, the inter-
vening space C forming a flue for the flame and products of combustion
to pass through on its way to the chimney. This flue C is divided
longitudinally by the partitions D, which in the case of a cast-iron boiler
may be either cast upon the boiler or may form one piece with the oven,
or such partitions may be of sheet or cast iron, and be affixed in position
in the flues. These partitions D do not necessarily extend the whole
length of the oven and boiler, but leave openings at their alternate ends
in order that the subdivisions of the flue may communicate with each
other so as to allow a free passage for the products of combustion and
heat as it travels along to and fro and upwards thro' the several sub-
divisions on its way towards the chimney.
The fire-place E stands forward in front of the kitchen range, as seen
more clearly in Figs. 3, 7, and 8, and is by preference internally con-
structed with an angle back formed of perforated slabs of fire-clay F
(see Figs. 8 and 11) set at right angles to one another, and which thus
divide the fire-place into two or more smaller and separate fire-places
G, G, G, so that one or more or all of such fire-places may be used at a
time, the draught being regulated accordingly by an ordinary damper.
This arrangement and construction of projecting fire-places enables the
front and two sides to be utilized for roasting purposes, and the top,
which may be covered with a slab of fire-clay or terra cotta G¹, forms an
excellent hot hearth, but when such fire-place is mounted upon wheels
H, as seen in Figs. 2 and 3, and only the front fire is required, or when
the kitchen range is not required to be used at all the fire-place may be
run back into a recess H¹ beneath the boiler, and in that position will be
conveniently disposed' and more out of the way. The angular form of
the backs of the fire-places is found advantageous not only in economising
the fuel which would otherwise occupy the corners of the ordinary square
fire-place, but as the heat is radiated from such backs at right angles it
is thus thrown forward in the best possible manner for roasting purposes.
The perforated slabs F permit atmospheric air to enter the fire-place in a
heated state and thus assist combustion, the atmospheric air obtaining
5 access to the perforations in the slabs through the openings I, and the
flame and entire products of combustion from one or all of these fire-
places pass through the longitudinal divisions of the flue C to and fro
in a horizontal direction, and thus the heat is always acting upon the

page_text: oven, on the boiler, or on both, and is consequently fully absorbed before
the waste products reach the chimney.
In each of the modifications represented by Figs. 1 to 11 inclusive the
oven is shewn of a different shape to illustrate the various ways in
which it may be modified, but in all cases access is obtained to the oven
in front and above the fire-place, the front of such oven being provided
with hinged doors J, as seen in Fig. 6, or sliding doors may be employed,
whilst separate hinged doors K & K are also applied for obtaining
access to all the subdivision of the flues. It will also be observed that
the flues of my improved kitchen range are so disposed as to be most
readily cleaned out. When more oven and boiler accommodation is
required I mount two or more boilers and ovens upon one another, as
seen dotted in Fig. 10, and I then pass the products of combustion
through the flues of both or all the ovens and boilers.
Fig. 12 represents a side sectional view, and Fig. 13 a sectional plan
of a kitchen range with two ovens, the back of the fire being in
immediate contact with the front of one of the ovens; and Figs. 14 and
15 illustrate respectively a side sectional view and sectional plan of a
kitchen range, shewing the fire-place arranged to act first upon the
boiler then to pass between the boiler and oven.
In Figs. 12 and 13, K is the projecting fire-place, which may have an
angular back, as in the last mentioned modification, or such angular
back may be dispensed with to allow the heat of the fire to act direct
against the front of the oven J. L is the boiler, which is so shaped and
constructed as to surround the second oven M at the top and front and
back, as illustrated, and to leave an intermediate space N to form a flue.
The flame and products of combustion in this modification then pass
from the fire-place K through the flues N in the direction of the arrows,
and in this way communicate their maximum heat to the first oven J
and earthenware hot plate O, and the other portion of the heat is 8
absorbed by passing between the boiler L and the second oven M.
In Figs. 14 and 15, P is the fire-place shewn divided into three
separate angular fire-places (as and for the purpose herein-before alluded
to) by the fire-clay slabs Q set at right angles to one another. R is the
boiler, and S the oven (formed of fire-clay or other suitable earthy S
material) with an intervening flue space T between them, as illustrated.
The products of combustion in this case first act upon the boiler R, and

page_text: in passing to the chimney thro' the flue T in the direction of the
arrows so communicate their heat to the oven S and boiler R. In both
these latter modifications access is obtained to the oven and to the flues
by doors situated at the side, and by having a piece of plate glass
inserted in the doors at either side the progress of the cooking may be
observed without opening the doors, and the top of both fire-places, as
also the top of the boiler, may be utilized as hot plates or by being
enclosed for steaming purposes.
It should be here observed that the boilers in all the foregoing
modifications may be either steam or hot water boilers, being fitted with
the usual mountings or circulating and supply pipes accordingly, but I
make no claim to the use of cast steel in their construction.
Fig. 16 is a front view, and Fig. 17 a sectional plan of a stove con-
structed in accordance with my Invention, and useful for heating
purposes. The perforated slabs U form a series of fire-places V, with
angle backs surrounding all sides of the stove, and the enclosed space W
at the back acts as a heating chamber, so that by connecting pipes to
such chamber hot air may be carried to any required part of a building
for heating purposes, whilst the degree of heat may be regulated by
using one or more of the fire-places.
It will thus be apparent that the relative position of the parts may be
modified, but that in all cases, by the application of an earthenware
oven and surrounding boiler, I am enabled to economise fuel to the
maximum extent by absorbing all the available heat, and at the same
time a kitchen range is produced at a comparatively small cost, and all
the flues of which are readily accessible for cleaning out purposes.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
my said Invention, together with the best methods with which I am
acquainted for carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
O understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details, relative
proportions, or dimensions of the various parts herein-before described
and illustrated on the accompanying Drawings, as it will be readily
apparent that they may be considerably varied without departing from
the Invention, but what I claim is,―
5
1st. The general construction and arrangement of the kitchen ranges
whereby fuel is economised and ready access is obtained for cleaning out

page_text: the flues as herein-before described and illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings.
2nd. The combination of an oven formed of terra cotta, fire-clay, or
other earthy substance when wholly or partially surrounded by a boiler
and intervening flue for the purpose herein-before described and illus-
trated on the accompanying Drawings.
3rd. The construction of fire-places, with angular backs formed by
perforated slabs of fire-clay, and whereby the sides as well as the front
of such fire-places may be utilized for roasting or heating purposes, as
herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Lillie, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Seventeenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
TONEDUT LITT TT