Improvements in and relating to Operating Gear for the Valves of Pumps, Compressors, and the like.
Year: 1889

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Operating Gear for the Valves of
Pumps, Compressors, and the like.
I, ALOIS RIEDLER, of Berlin in the Empire of Germany, Professor at the
Polytechuic Academy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to the valves of pumps, compressors, blowers and the like, and
has for its object to time the operation of the valves according to the movements of the
piston.
According to the present invention I attain this object by normally keeping the
valves closed by a separate force, and not depending on the moving parts of the pump
or its engine or motor, viz. :-by applying pressure to them by means of weights,
springs, or by liquid pressure, and combining them with a suitable gear, which is
operated by a moving part of the pump or its engine or motor and adapted to remove
the pressure from the valve and to keep the pressure so removed during the whole
time the valve is to remain open while it allows the said pressure to act again upon
the valve for a short time immediately before the next change of the stroke, when the
valve must be closed.
The said pressure is transmitted to the valve by means of a lever, one arin of which
rests freely on the valve, and which is operated by a revolving or reciprocating cam
for discharging the valve except at the moment when it is to close.
For the purpose of utilizing liquid pressure for closing the valve, a small cylinder
provided with a piston may be inserted into the side of the delivery valve chainber.
The said piston, upon which the constant pressure existing in the said valve chamber
acts, is connected to the closing lever of the valve.
In double acting pumps the delivery valve on one side of the pump piston is always
closed at the same time as the suction valve on the other side of the pump piston and
so the constant liquid pressure existing in the chamber of the delivery valve may be
utilized for weighting the suction valve of the opposite end of the pump by connecting
the closing lever of the suction valve to the closing lever of the delivery valve, which
is connected to the piston of the small liquid pressure cylinder above referred to.
When it is desired to operate the gear by an eccentric or a reciprocating rod, a
lever is provided, which is swung by the eccentric rod or other reciprocating rod.
While moving in one direction this rocking lever operates a pivoted arm, connected
by a link or connecting-rod to the weighted closing lever of the valve, which is thus
discharged in order to admit of its opening automatically and afterwards, when the
rocking lever moves in the opposite direction the said pivoted arm is caused to follow
by the pressure of the closing lever.
In the case of double-acting pumps, the said pivoted arm has linked to it the
closing levers of a delivery and a suction valve on opposite ends of the pump.
In some cases, the closing gear may be weighted in such a manner only as to keep
it in contact with the actuating cam of the same.
This 5th dove of Suntamber 1880

page_text: COMPLETE
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Operating Gear for the Valves of
Pumps, Compressors, and the like.
I, ALOIS RIEDLER, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Professor at the
Polytechnic Academy, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the valves of pumps, compressors, blowers and the like,
and has for its object to time the operation of the valves, according to the move-
ments of the piston.
According to the said invention, this object is achieved by normally keeping the
valves closed by a separate force, not depending on the moving parts of the pump
or its engine or motor vis. :-by applying pressure to them by means of weights,
springs or liquid pressure, and combining them with a suitable gear which is
operated by a moving part of the pump or its engine or motor and adapted to
remove the said pressure from the valve before the valve ought to open, and to
keep it so removed. During the whole time the valve is to remain open, while
it allows the pressure to act again upon the valve for a short time immediately
before the next change of the stroke, when the valve must be closed.
The said pressure is transmitted to the valve by means of a lever, one arm of
which bears freely on the valve and which is operated by a revolving or recipro-
cating cam for operating the valve except the moment when it is to close.
In order to make the invention better understood, I have hereinafter fully
described the same with reference to the accompanying drawing in which
Figure 1 show the valves of a double acting pump and an operating gear
common to the forcing valve of one end of the pump and the suction valve of
the other end of the pump, this gear being so actuated by a revolving cam as to
release the forcing valve a moment before the same is to open.
Figure 2 shows a valve, the pressure from which is lifted by the movement of
a suitable reciprocating cam.
Figure 3 represents an oscillating lever, which alternately actuates the two
operating gears of the four valves of a double-acting pump.
Figure 4 shows a valve above which is arranged a rod, kept lifted by liquid
pressure, and pressed down by a revolving cam, when the valve is to be closed.
In the arrangement of operating gear for the valves of a double acting pump ?,
as shown in figure 1, the constant liquid pressure existing inside the chamber of
the delivery valve is utilized for weighting the delivery valve. For this purpose
a piston cylinder is inserted into the side of the delivery valve chamber a, and
the piston working within this cylinder, which piston is constantly forced outward
by the liquid pressure is, by a link or by other suitable transmitting parts,
connected to the closing lever 1, f, by which the pressure is transmitted to the
delivery valve d.
The operating gear which is adapted to release the pressure of the lever f
upon the valve d a moment before this valve is automatically opened and to allow
the said lever to descend upon the valve again, when it is to be closed, may be
driven by a
revolving eccentric or by a swinging link and lever mechanism.
Consequently, any part partaking of the reciprocating movement of the pump or
its engine or motor may be utilized for actuating the valve operating gear.
In figure 1, a revolving cam e is shown as the driving part of the gear. When
this cam is revolving in the direction of the arrow, the eccentric portion m n of
its circumference displaces a lever arm g¹ carrying an anti-friction roller o and
the movements of which are transmitted, by means of a link to the arm 9,
which is rigidly connected to the weighted lever lf, so that the arm f is raised
off the delivery valve d. By the concentric portion n m³ of the circumference of
the cam, the arm f is held in its raised position, and the following excentric

page_text: portion m n allows the liquid pressure by which the gear is weighted to move
the link back into its former position, whereby the arm is lowered upon the
valve d, which is thus closed.
The movements of the suction valve s may be regulated in a similar way, as
there is no constant liquid pressure however, inside the suction valve chamber,
and as, on the other hand, the delivery valve at one end of the pump is to
close and to open at the same time as the suction valve s at the other end of
the pump, the pressure on the valve may be utilized for the valve s¹. This is
simply done by directly connecting the two closing levers by means of a link c
arranged between the arms and h¹ which are rigidly connected to the said
levers. The screw coupling c¹ c¹, interposed into the links and c afford
possibility for adjusting the length of the links c.
The revolving cam of the above described arrangement may be replaced by
a cam de f, figure 2 reciprocating in a straight line and changing its stroke
at the same time as the pump piston. When the cam shown in figure 2 is
moved to the right its incline ele e² will, by means of the lever, remove from the
valve the pressure produced by the spring f, thus enabling the said valve to auto-
matically open. Before the next change of stroke of the pump, the cam defis moved
to the left, at which under the action of the pressure by the spring f, the roller r of
the lever runs down the incline of the cam, thus allowing the pressure to act upon
the valve again and consequently to close the same.
In those cases, where the changes of stroke of the reciprocating part actuating the
cam def alternate with those of the pump piston, the cam is provided at either end of
its effective incline e¹ e e², with extensions fe and eld, parallel to the path of the
These extensions support the roller r of the lever h, while the cam, after the
change of stroke of the pump, continues yet moving in the same direction.
cam.
For the purpose of enabling the valve operating gears of all valves of a double
acting pump to be operated by a common actuating part, the discharging gear of
each delivery valve is coupled, in a similar manner as herein before described with
reference to figure 1, with the suction valve at the opposite end of the pump, and
these two pairs of coupled gears are combined with a common driving mechanisin,
for instance with a three-armed lever a b b', figure 3, or an actuating disc, oscillated
by a crank or eccentric. This lever or actuating disc alternately transmits its
motion to the left and to the right upon either of the pairs of coupled operating
gears, with the operating levers of which it is so connected as to transmit its
movement upon the same in one direction only.
In the drawing operating levers and h¹ are shown, movable round the pivot t
of the lever ab b₁, and adapted to be carried along by the said lever by means
of tappets m and n. As either lever h and h¹ is connected by links or connecting
rods, d and d, with a delivery and a suction valve on opposite ends of the pump,
and is weighted by a special force (spring or liquid pressure), substantially in the
same manner as described with reference to figure 1, the rod d, for instance may,
in the manner above described, remove the pressure of the delivery valve or release
the pressure, according to whether the delivery valve and the suction valve of the
opposite end of the pump, which is coupled to it in the discharging gear by means
of the rod d, shall be allowed to open or caused to close. When, for instance, the
left hand lever arm b swings downward, carrying along the lever, the rod d will
remove the pressure of the delivery valve, and at the same time the rod d¹ will with-
draw the lever from the suction valve, thus both valves are allowed to open auto-
matically. On the following upward movement of the arm the lever h follows it
under the action of the pressure which closes the valve again. At the same time,
the lever arın b¹ and lever h¹ inversely operate the coupled gears on the opposite side.
It is obvious that the pressure by which the closing of the valve or valves is
effected, must be of sufficient force for overcoming all resistances opposed by the
valve or valves and the gear or coupled gears.
A special case of gears for automatically opening valves to be forcibly closed is
that, when a small special force (liquid or spring pressure) is used, not for closing the

page_text: valve, but for balancing the operating gear in a given direction, in order to avoid
jars. In this case, the actuating cam, cannot operate the valve indirectly by removing
its pressure but it must forcibly close it.
This case is illustrated in figure 4, in which a revolving cam e presses down upon
the valve v, immediately before the change of stroke of the pump at which the
valve ought to be closed, a rod 8 which is constantly pressed upward by the
liquid pressure acting on its sectional area; before the next change of stroke,
the cam sets free this rod s again. By the liquid pressure, the roller at the outer
end of the rod s is constantly kept in contact with the circumference of the cam e,
and inside the valve chamber, the valve vis so connected with the rods that the
The
movements of the gear in either direction only are transmitted to the valve.
revolving cam e may be replaced by a reciprocating cam.
In the arrangement shown in figure 1, the liquid pressure upon the piston of
cylinder b may be utilized for balancing the closing gear instead of weighting the
valves in a given direction, in order to avoid jars. It is obvious, that in this case
the cam e must be so shaped and arranged as to lower the closing lever upon the
valve and forcibly closing this latter, instead of simply allowing this lever to be
operated by the liquid pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is:
First. In gears for automatically opening valves to be forcibly closed, a valve,
which is kept closed by a special force (a weight, a spring or liquid pressure) and
from which, when it is to open, this weighting is removed by a gear, actuated by a
revolving or oscillating cam, this gear being so operated by its cam as to allow the
weighting to act again upon the valve, when the same is to be closed, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
Second. In gears for automatically opening valves to be forcibly closed, a piston
cylinder, inserted into the side of the delivery valve chamber, and having its piston so
connected to the gear, that the existing liquid pressure tends to keep the valve closed,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
Third. In gears for automatically opening valves to be forcibly closed, a delivery
valve gear coupled with the gear of the suction valve on the opposite end of the
pump, and a special force (liquid or spring pressure) acting upon either valve so as to
close them at once, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Fourth. In gears for automatically opening valves to be forcibly closed, an oscillating
actuating lever so connected to the operating lever of the discharging gear as to
transmit its movements upon the same in one direction only; the actuating lever, by
carrying along the gear operating lever, causing the same to remove the weighting
from the valve to be timed in its operation, while by swinging in the opposite
direction, the said actuating lever allows the valve to close under the action of the
weighting, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Fifth. In gears for automatically opening valves to be forcibly closed, a weighted
valve, the weighting of which is removed by a reciprocating cam, when the valve is to
open, substantially as set forth.
gear
Sixth. In gears for automatically opening valves to be forcibly closed, a valve so
connected with its gear inside the valve chamber that the movements of the in
either direction only are transmitted to the valve; the gear being constantly kept in
contact with its actuating revolving or oscillating cam by a special force (liquid or
spring pressure) acting upon the said gear, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Dated thin ond day of March 1800
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.