A NEW MANUFACTURE OF USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM A CERTAIN OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCE
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
COLLIER, of Canal Grove, New Peckham, in the County of Kent, Civil
Enginer, send greeting.
WHEREAS NICOLAS HEGESIPPE MANICLER, of Union Road,. Southwark, in
the County of Surry, Chemist, and the aforesaid James Collier, did by petition
represent unto His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth that
they had invented "A NEW MANUFACTURE OF USEFUL PRODUCTS FROM A CERTAIN
OLEAGINOUS SUBSTANCE," and His said Majesty, being willing to encourage all
useful Inventions, did issue His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great
Britain, bearing date at Westminster, the Second day of June, in the first
year of his reign, whereby His said Majesty did, for Himself, His heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Nicolas Hegesippe Manicler and
James Collier, His especial licence that we, the said Nicolas Hegesippe Manicler
and James Collier, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Nicolas Hegesippe Manicler and James Collier, our executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also within all His said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, the said Invention; in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso, obliging us, the said Nicolas Hegesippe
Manicler and James Collier, or one of us, by an instrument in writing under

page_text: our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, particularly
to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in
His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
And whereas in or about the month of June now last past the said Nicolas
Hegesippe Manicler departed this life:
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Collier, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained in
the manner following:―
The oleaginous substance, above mentioned, from which is manufactured the
useful products aforesaid, is the article of commerce known in England by the
name of palm oil, and which is sometimes called butter of palm. This sub-
stance, in the state it is usually imported into this country, is too thick to be
burned in lamps, and not sufficiently concrete and indurated to be manu-
factured into candles, and has heretofore been almost exclusively used in tho
preparation of a certain description of soap. The discovery or invention, there-
fore, consists in separating or obtaining from the oleaginous substance, before
mentioned, two products, of great utility and adapted to general consumption,
namely, an oil perfectly fluid at the ordinary temperature of the atmosphere of
this country, especially suitable for burning in lamps, and generally applicable
to those purposes to which oil is used; also an indurated concrete substance,
which forms an excellent material for the fabrication of candles. The mode
by which the said products may be obtained from the said oleaginous sub-
stance may be considerably varied without materially altering their properties,
but the following is the process I have adopted in order to obtain the two
products of utility, before mentioned, and found to answer the purpose:-The
palm oil or butter of palm is placed in a metallic vessel or boiler (which I
prefer to be of iron, tinned), with a close cover, and safety valve, upon the prin-
ciple of that which is commonly called a digester, and water in the proportion
of about one-sixth part to the substance is added; the vessel, being well closed,
is then submitted to the action of fire, so as to raise the steam to a pressure
of two or three atmospheres, which operation is to be continued for about two
hours; after the material has been thus prepared, it is to be put into wrappers
of linen or woven horsehair, or both may be used, which, being placed in strata
or layers, separated by metallic plates or other similar division, and then
submitted to powerful pressure gradually applied, will yield the two products

page_text: of utility already mentioned, viz', a fluid oil, which will be exuded through the
wrappers, and a concrete substance, which will remain in the wrappers. The
various modes of applying pressure are too well understood to render necessary
a detailed description of the apparatus by which that operation is effected;
I have found a simple screw press practically to answer the purpose upon a
moderate scale, but I give a preference to an hydraulic press.
I desire it to be distinctly understood that the Invention consists in the dis-
covery of the aforesaid products in the palm oil or butter of palm of commerce,
and I claim the right of separating or obtaining them by the application of
every chemical process or mechanical means which are adapted to that object,
provided, of course, that such chemical processes or mechanical means are not
monopolized by any existing Patent right.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Collier, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
JAMES (L.S.)
ULLIER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same First day of December, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid James Collier came before our Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained, in form above written. And also the
Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute in
that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same First day of December, in the year above written.