A New or Improved Packing for the Pistons and Piston Rods of Steam Engines and Pumps, and for other like purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 4th Nov., '896-Accepted, 5th Dec., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Packing for the Pistons and Piston Rods of
Steam Engines and Pumps, and for other like purposes.
We JOHN AND EDWIN WRIGHT LIMITED, of Universe Works, Garrison Street,
Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Rope and Twine Manufacturers, and JOSIAH
AMOS, of No. 9 New River Street, Weaste, Pendleton near Manchester in the
County of Lancaster, Foreman of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The said invention consists of a packing made in the manner hereinafter
described which said packing possesses valuable properties and is free from the
defects of packing of the ordinary kinds.
In making a packing according to the said invention we proceed as follows.
We form the core of the packing from the prepared and spun cocoa nut fibre
called in commerce "coir yarn.' We treat the said fibre by boiling it for say
twelve hours in a solution of caustic soda or potash. We afterwards wash and
dry the fibre. We next treat the fibre with a mixture of castor oil, and the
lubricating oil known in commerce as cylinder oil, together with finely powdered
French chalk; the mixture having about the consistence of molasses or treacle.
The said mixture is applied to the yarn by means of india rubber rolls.
A series of eight or other number of the treated yarns according to the size of
the packing to be made are combined into a core by a plaiting machine. The
core thus made is covered with a coating or covering of hemp or cotton or other
fibrous material. Four or other number of threads of the fibrous material
(according to the size of packing to be made) are twisted together in the way
called "cable laid" and the strands thus made are plaited on the core by an
ordinary plaiting machine. Or a covering of common yarn may be used. The
covering may either be coloured or colourless. Lubricant may be applied to the
covering after it has been plaited on the core, or the covering material may be
treated with the lubricant before it is plaited on the core. But the packing may be
supplied to commerce either with or without an outer lubricant.
Packing made according to the said invention is as elastic or nearly so as
packing having an india rubber core and is not liable to the deterioration which
occurs in packing having an india rubber core by the action of heat and oil."
Packing made according to the said invention is much more flexible and elastic than
ordinary packing not having an india rubber core.
Dated this Twenty-second day of February 1896
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: A New or Improved Packing for the Pistons and Piston Rods of
Steam Engines and Pumps, and for other like purposes.
We JOHN AND EDWIN WRIGHT LIMITED of Universe Works, Garrison Street,
Birmingham in the County of Warwick, Rope and Twine Manufacturers and JOSIAH
AMOS of No. 9 New River Street Weaste Pendleton near Manchester in the County
of Lancaster Foreman of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Tho said invention consists of a packing made in the manner hereinafter
described which sa'd packing possesses valuable properties and is free from the
defects of packing of the ordinary kinds.
In making a packing according to the said invention we proceed as follows.
We form the core of the packing from the prepared and spun cocoa nut fibre
called in commerce "coir yarn." We treat the said fibre by boiling it for say
twelve hours in a solution of caustic soda or potash. We afterwards wash and
dry the fibre. We next treat the fibre with a mixture of castor oil, and the
Jubricating oil known in commerce as cylinder oil and glycerine together with
finely powdered French chalk; the mixture having about the consistence of
molasses or treacle. The said mixture is applied to the yarn by means of india
rubber rolls.
A series of eight or other number of the treated yarns according to the size of
the packing to be made are combined into a core by a plaiting machine. The
core thus made is covered with a coating or covering of hemp or cotton or other
fibrous material. Four or other number of threads of the fibrous material
(according to the size of the plaiting to be made) are twisted together in the way
called "cable laid" and the strands thus made are plaited on the core by an
ordinary plaiting machine. The covering may either be coloured or colourless.
Lubricant may be applied to the covering after it has been plaited on the core, or
the covering material may be treated with the lubricant before it is plaited on the
core. But the packing may be supplied to commerce either with or without an
outer lubricant.
Having explained the nature of the said invention we will proceed to describe with
reference to the accompanying drawing the manner in which the same is to be
performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation and plan a large square packing made.
according to this invention provided with a prepared plaited core; and
Figure 2 represents in side elevation and plan a small square packing provided.
with a prepared unplaited core and
Figure 3 represents in side elevation and plan a cylindrical packing provided with
a prepared plaited core according to this invention.
In Figures 1 and 3 the prepared plaited core of the packing is marked a and in
Figure 2 the unplaited core of the packing is marked b. The fibrous covering of the
core is marked c in Figures 1, 2 and 3. In the case of square packing of large size the
fibrous covering c may have strands of prepared "coir yarn" d, d embedded in its
corners as represented in Figure 1. We prefer to give the treated coir yarn threads
to form the core, a square figure in cross section as seen in the drawing..
We make the core a of the packing from the prepared and spun cocoa nut fibre
called in commerce "coir yarn." We treat the said fibre by boiling it, say fo:
12 hours, in a solution of caustic soda or caustic potash. A solution containing one
ounce by weight of caustic soda or caustic potash to a gallon of water has been found
to answer well in practice. After treating the fibre in the way described we wash

page_text: 1
and dry it. We next treat the fibre with a lubricating mixture consisting of two
parts by weight of castor oil; four parts by weight of the lubricating oil called in
commerce cylinder oil; two parts by weight of glycerine and six parts by weight of
powdered French chalk. We apply the said mixture to the yarn by means of
horizontal wooden rolls covered with india rubber. The mixture we have described
is contained in a tank the said rolls being situated just below the surface of the,
mixture in the said tank. The "ooir yarn" is coiled upon a horizontal reel or bobbin
situated above the tank and the end of the yarn being introduced between the rolls,
which have a rapid rotation, say one hundred rotations per minute, given to them, the..
said said yarn is rapidly drawn through the mixture and between the india rubber
covered rolls. By the action of the rolls the fibres are compressed and passing
downwards from the rolls the fibres expand and absorbing the sail mixture become
thoroughly impregnated therewith. The treated yarn is coiled upon another
horizontal reel or bobbin outside the tank. A considerable number say eight threads
of coir yarn may be treated with the mixture and rolls at the same time.
We do not limit ourselves to treating the yarn with the mixture described in any
particular length but we have found a hundred yards of the yarn a convenient length
to operate on. After treating the yarn in the manner described we prefer before
taking it to the plaiting machine to allow it to remain on the reel twenty four hours.
in which time it drios or solidifies. A series of eight or other number of the threads
of the treated yarn according to the size of the packing to be made are combined into
a core by a plaiting machine. The plaited core is covered with a covering marked c
of hemp yarn or cotton or other fibrous material such as juto or asbestos yarn. Five
or other number of threads or strands of the fibrous material according to the size of
the packing to be made are twisted together in the way called "cable laid" and the
strands thus made are plaited on the core by an ordinary plaiting machine.
In some cases we omit the covering of fibrous material described and in lieu
thereof we add to the mixture herein before described the powder known as vegetable
green dye preferably in the proportion of one part by weight of the said green dye to
one hundred parts by weight of the mixture.
Lubricant of the kind herein before described may be applied to the core covering
after it has been plaited on the core. Or the covering material may be treated with
the lubricant before it is plaited on the core. But the packing may be supplied to
commerce without an outer lubricant.
When we apply the outer lubricant to the fibrous material forming the core
covering we treat the fibrous material of which the said covering is formed by means
of the india rubber rolls and lubricating appliances herein before described with
reference to the core.
When wo apply the lubricating material to the fibrous covering of the packing
after the said covering has been plaited on the core we apply it in the following
manner.
We pass the packing through a tank containing the lubricant and draw the packing
once or twice through a circular or square hole according to the sectional figure of
the packing. The superfluous lubricant is thereby removed and the figure of the
packing perfected.
"
Instead of making the core by plaiting the prepared "coir yarn as hereinbefore
described, the core may be made of parallel unplaited prepared "coir yarn" treated
with the lubricant hereinbefore described as seen at b Figure 2.
We prefer to make larger cores by plaiting the treated "coir yarn" but we prefer
to make small cores by employing parallel or unplaited "coir yarn." The respective
figures of the square and cylindrical packings are determined by the arrangements
well known and commonly practised in the manufacture of ordinary packing.
Packing made according to the said invention is as elastic or nearly so as packing
having an india rubber core and is not liable to the deterioration which occurs in
packing having an india ruhber core by the action of heat and oil and steam.
Packing made according to the said invention is much more flexible and elastic than
ordinary packing not having an india rubber core

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that we claim as the
said invention:-
The new or improved packing for the pistons and piston rods of steam engines and
pumps and for other like purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawing, that is to say, a packing having a core made of "coir yarn
treated in the manner hereinbefore described and either plaited or unplaited, the said
core being covered with a covering of fibrous material either with or without
coloured or colourless lubricating material substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated the Fourth day of November 1896.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.