matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING WOVEN AND FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Olerenshaw Rigby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th September 1874.
I, JAMES OLERENSHAW RIGBY, of the Firm of Rigby and Oussons, of
Stockport, in the County of Chester, Quill Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING
WOVEN AND FELTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable in embroidering mantles and skirts and
other articles used as wearing apparel, and for table cloths and other
articles of furniture, and for other similar purposes. In embroidering
such articles it has heretofore been customary to employ silk or wool,
both of which are expensive; now my Invention consists in the use of
suitably prepared cotton yarn or braid for embroidering purposes.
The cotton yarn composed of a mixture of long and very short stapled

page_text: cotton is spun with very little twist, and it is then dyed in the hank to
produce lighter and darker shades in the embroidery. The object of
using long and short stapled cotton is to impart a woolly appearance to
the yarn or braid. Woven and felted fabrics can thus be embroidered
at a much less cost than heretofore.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO DRIVING SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pierce and Thomas
Roberts Hutton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, .
with their Petition, on the 20th August 1874.
We, WILLIAM PIERCE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and
THOMAS ROBERTS HUTTON, of Grange-over-Sands, also in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO DRIVING SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of a spring or weights
as a motive power for driving sewing machines.
In applying this Invention motion is given from a spiral or other
suitable spring to a chain or cord, which by means of a "fusce" and
suitable tooth gear communicates power to the driving wheel of the
sewing machine. In some instances the "fusee" may be dispensed with,
and a communication given direct from the spring by tooth gear to the
driving wheel.
A modification consists in the use of an india-rubber spring which may
be stretched across the machine and under the table, or base thereof.
These india-rubber springs actuate by means of a chain or cord a

page_text: " fusee
"
which by toothed wheels is geared to the driving wheel of the
sewing machine.
A second modification consists in the use of a weight or weights on a
cord or chain, which is wound up round a barrel, which barrel is fitted
with a train of toothed wheels which communicate motion to the driving 5
wheel of the sewing machine.
In some instances the toothed gear may be dispensed with and motion
communicated by means of endless bands or cords, as is understood.
The driving wheel of the sewing machine is provided with a friction
break which may consist of a steel or other strap actuated by a lever and 10
treadle or by hand wheel, so that the power applied by the spring or
weights may be controlled and checked when required.
The apparatus may be wound up by a crank handle, or by a lever and
ratchet brace, according to the power of the spring or weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAVELLING OVENS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Parker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
August 1874.
I, RICHARD PARKER, of Preston, in the County of Lancastor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAVELLING OVENS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of "travelling ovens" which is used
for the manufacture of biscuits and other similar purposes, in which the
article to be baked is passed slowly through the oven on endless travelling
chains driven at varying speeds by means of coné pulleys. The well
known tendency of metal to expand on the application of heat makes it
requisite that the tension of these endless travelling chains should bo
regulated according to the heat of the oven at any particular time.
Hitherto this has always been accomplished by means of a hand screw,
a slow and laborious process, and one which if not performed with the
greatest care results in frequent breakages.
My Invention consists principally in substituting wire rope for the
heavy and expensive chain before montioned, and in rendering the

page_text: tension self regulating, whereby great economy is achieved both in first
cost and in subsequent wear and tear. This endless wire rope passes over
a V grooved pulley at either end of the oven, and is supported at con-
venient distances along its length by pulleys carried on standards.
Riding on the lower bight of this rope at about the centre is another
pulley to which is attached a sufficiently licavy weight which takes up
and gives out the slack of the rope as it expands or contracts according
to the heat of the oven. Thus the tension of the endless rope is rendered
is rendered self adjusting. By this arrangement far less driving power.
than hitherto is required, and there being comparatively but little iron
in the interior of the oven the amount of heat absorbed is not so great,
and thus an important saving of fuel is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Latimer Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th June 1874.
I, JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK, of 5, Westminster Chambers, Victoria
Street, in the City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ACTUATING RAILWAY
BRAKES," to be as follows:
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
actuating railway brakes. I employ the pressure of steam in the boiler
of the engine as the motive power, and I apply it when the power is
required to be exerted by allowing the steam to issue from a nozzle
arranged in front of the mouth of a pipe in such manner that the steam
may carry air forward into the pipe until a high pressure of air is
obtained. The air pipe is led along the train and connected with
cylinders in which are pistons, and the brake blocks are connected
therewith in such manner that in each case the pressure of the air upon
the piston is transmitted to the brake block, and so to one of the wheels

page_text: of the train. I make the steam nozzle adjustable in its distance from
the mouth of the air pipe, and thus I am able to regulate the pressure.
In some cases also I employ the steam jet to remove the brake blocks
from the wheels when pressure upon them is no longer required. This
I do by reversing the position of the jet so that it may produce a partial 5
vacuum within the air pipe and cylinders.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT TO BE USED IN THE 'PREPARING WOOL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1874.
I, JOHN JACKSON, of Low Utley, near Keighley, in the County of
York, Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED LUBRICANT TO BE USED IN THE 'PREPARING WOOL," to be
as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture and use of a
lubricant to be used in the "preparing" wool less costly than the oils
now used for such purpose or during such preparing process.
I employ the ingredients following, and in about the proportions
herein-after stated:-Of water (1) one gallon%3B milk (1) one pint;
soap (3) three ounces; lard (3) three ounces, and of isinglass (2) half an
ounce. The whole must then be boiled or subjected to heat until
boiling heat be reached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES, CLOCKS, CHRONOMETERS, AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aaron Lufkin Dennison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1874.
I, AARON LUFKIN DENNISON, of Handsworth, in the County of
Stafford, Watch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES, CLOCKS, CHRONOMETERS, AND OTHER
TIMEKEEPERS," to be as follows :—
My Invention consists principally of the improvements herein-after
described in indicating when the watch or other timekeeper is wound up
or run down. For this purpose I adapt to or combine with the winding
mechanism of the watch or other timekeeper the following parts:―To
the star or female stop piece or wheel of the winding mechanism I
connect a spindle or arbor, the said spindle or arbor protruding or
extending through the dial plate of the watch or timekeeper, and upon
the end of the said spindle or arbor I attach a hand or index finger
which traverses a supplementary dial made upon the principal dial plate
of the watch or timekeeper. The said supplementary dial is divided into
divisions equal in number to the divisions of the stop wheel or piece, and

page_text: the said supplementary dial is also provided at the upper part with the
letters D and U. As the watch or timekeeper is wound up the hand or
index finger on the star or female stop piece or wheel traverses the dial, and
when the said hand or index finger is brought opposite the letter U on
the dial it indicates that the watch or timekeeper is fully wound up.
When the hand or index finger comes. opposite the letter D on the dial
it indicates that the mainspring of the watch or timekeeper has run
down, and in like manner the position of the index finger between the
two points referred to indicates to what extent the mainspring has run
down or has been wound up.
These improvements-are applicable to watches or other timekeepers
with fusee movements or non-fusee movements with going arbors.
My Invention consists further of the following improvement in
letting down the force of the mainspring in watches or chronometers of
the kind called full plate watches, and provided with a stationary barrel
movement. For this purpose I fix under the dial on the bottom plate
of the watch a bridge, the free end of which projects over an opening
in the said plate and supports the arbor of the escapement wheel. By
removing the said bridge the escapement wheel can be readily removed
through the opening in the plate, and the mainspring allowed to run
down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Highton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1874.
I, HENRY HIGHTON, M.A., of Putney, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obviate the phenomenon called
retardation in submarine, subterranean, and other cables. For this
purpose I place at either on each end of a line and also if possible at any
convenient intermediate point in the line circuit pairs of plates of metal
or carbon arranged in the manner of plates in a galvanic battery,
excepting that only one conducting liquid is used, and the two plates in
cach pair are similar to one another. The electrical effect of this is
similar to the mechanical effect of a spring in machinery, and imme-
diately the electrical impulse ceases the original electrical condition of
the line is restored by the reaction of the plates so as to be ready to
receive a fresh impulse.
AN IMPROVED PARALLEL DOUBLE OR SINGLE LOCKING GEAR FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER POINTS AND JUNCTIONS, AND FOR SIGNAL BOXES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Robert Stephens and Robert
Brooks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th July 1874.
We, ROBERT STEPHENS, of 18, Green Street, Paddington Green, in
the County of Middlesex, and ROBERT BROOKS, of 7, Irongate Wharf,
Paddington, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
Ition for "AN IMPROVED PARALLEL DOUBLE OR SINGLE LOCKING GEAR FOR
RAILWAY AND OTHER POINTS AND JUNCTIONS, AND FOR SIGNAL BOXES," to be as
follows:-
-
'
The advantages of this Invention are simplicity, security, and non-
liability to derangement, impossibility of fouling or choaking, easiness
of control, and the prevention of any signalman in charge from tamper-
ing with the levers in signal box during the passage of trains; and
this Invention is more particularly delineated and referred to in the
Drawings annexed hereto, the same letters of reference referring to like
parts throughout the Drawings."
In Shoots number 1 and A. long A A show main line with

page_text: Figure shows mode of locking all the levers by the passing train.
B, Sheet 1, is an enlarged plan of parrallel rails, locking gear, and
rail locking bar for preventing a signalman unlocking parallels during
the passage of trains; plan C, Sheet 1, shows position of rails when
open.
Sheet 2 shows enlarged plan with rails open and closed, and locking
gear open and closed, which said locking gear may be placed on the
right or left or centre of railway sliding bar; this Drawing also shows
tightening bar, chairs for end grip, stop and locking levers X.
F;
No. 1 (Sheet 3) shows elevation on line A, B, are also Sheet 2;
E;
Number 2, elevation on line c, d; Number 3, elevation on line E,
Number 4, plan of nail grip sliding; Number 5, plan of stop; Number 6,
plan of rail slide; Number 7, plan of fixed grip or moveable chair E,
Number 8, elevation and plan of bolt and box, the same may be either
square, angular, octagnal, or any other section as may be hercafter
found advisable for the position in which it may be placed.
Shicct Number 4, plan B, of one rail only, shows moveable self-acting
locking gear. when train is passing.
Plan A is a general view of pulling over levers, locking lever, signal
semephore levers, as before described, and locking gear in signalman's
box, which may be varied according to local and other circumstances;
the joint locking of levers and points, the locking of points close to.
their junctions with main rails, the locking of one or all of the levers
at one and the same time, the mode or manner of the passing train
bolting all levers, are all severally shown and distinguished by the
figure × on Drawings, so that it shall be impossible for the signal-
man to pull over during the passage of a train, and provides for the..
control of one or more points and signals by one or more levers..
こ
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1874.
I, JAMES MARSHALL, of Gainsborough, in the County of Lincoln,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the corn cleaning apparatus
of thrashing machines. For this purpose a series of adjustable knives
are mounted upon longitudinal bars attached to centres fixed on the axis
or spindle of the corn cleaner.
The knives may be made either of steel, malleable iron, or other
materials, and are fixed on to a square bar, and arranged for the shanks
to swivel thereon.
The swivelling motion of the knives is obtained by moving a second
bar, to which the outer edges of the knives are connected parallel with
the bar on which the knives swivel. Thus a longitudinal motion of the

page_text: second bar swivels the knives into any position to suit the grain to be
operated upon.
When steel blades are employed I either introduce a coupling link or
rivet a tang on to each knife blade, in which arrangement the moving
bar is formed with slots in place of pins as previously described.
NEW OR IMPROVED COUPLINGS FOR REVOLVING SHAFTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1874.
I, GEORGE RUSSELL, of Motherwell, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"NEW OR IMPROVED COUPLINGS FOR REVOLVING SHAFTS," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object to lessen the friction and prevent
breakages in revolving shafts for transmitting power, such as are used
for screw steamers and for other purposes, particularly where the motive
shafts or their bearings are liable to get "out of line."
The Invention consists of coupling the separate pieces of continuous
lengths of shafting to each other at their ends in such a manner that
should the centres of the various journal bearings or plummer blocks
deviate from a straight line from any cause the coupling shall allow of
such deviation without straining the shaft.
In carrying out this Invention according to one modification each

page_text: blocks, one being near each end. The extreme end of the shaft to be
coupled, which projects past the journal bearing, is made rectangular
in section, and the end of the next or adjoining length of shafting which
has to be coupled thereto is also made rectangular. These two rect-
angular adjacent ends are coupled and driven by means of a block (or
coupling piece) between them, having a parallel recess on each side
corresponding and fitting on to the rectangular termination of each
shaft, space being left between the extreme ends of these shafts for the
reception of this coupling block. These recesses are formed at right
angles to each other in the coupling block, and are slightly deeper than
would be necessary if the coupling block fitted tightly, to give a limited
amount of end clearance to compensate for or or allow of any deviation
from the straight line or angular revolving action which may take place
or be required of the adjacent lengths of shafting.
Although the ends of the shafts to be coupled and the recesses in the
coupling block are described and preferred to be rectangular they might
be of other equivalent shapes which would allow and give a transverse
parallel action in opposite directions, and the recesses might be formed
in the ends of the shafts, and the parallel projections upon the coupling
block at right angles to each other when preferred.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE- WITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Jackson, George Jackson,
and John Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th February 1874.
We, ALBERT JACKSON, Weaver, GEORGE JACKSON, Foreman Twister,
of Saltaire, near Bradford, and JOHN SMITH, Engineer, of Bradford, in
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE-
WITH," to be as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to employing a self-acting apparatus, for the
purpose of delivering the warps at any required tension or pressure,
facilitating the pulling back and dispensing with the setting up,
producing an even fabric, preventing the warps from stretching and
twisting, and doing away with the weights, levers, chains, or ropes,
heretofore employed. For this purpose we employ a self acting clutch
made in two parts, spanning the circumference of the warp beam end,
producing more or less pressure to give more or less tension or pressure
to the warps; the bottom clutch has a lever formed on it passing down-
wards and through guides formed on a bracket fastened to the loom
frame stay; the top clutch has also a lever working by the side of the

page_text: these
lever on the bottom clutch and also passing through the guides;
levers have fillets formed on the sides to reduce friction; near the bottom
end of the bottom clutch lever is fitted a stud forming the fulcrum of a
lever which is fitted on it; the top clutch lever has also a stud or pin
fitted to it, on which rests the lever working on the fulcrum stud; on
this lever is placed a weight made to slide on notches to prevent the
weight from moving when placed in the required position to give the
required tension or pressure to the warps.
On the bracket forming the guides for the levers on the clutches,
is fitted a spring which is fastened to the levers, giving a back lash to 1
the warp beam. The weight placed on the lever forces up the lever of
the bottom clutch, and forces down the lever of the top clutch, pressing
the clutches on the warp beam, the pressure being regulated by the
position of the weight on the lever; the clutches are lined with leather
or any other suitable material.
We may construct our apparatus with clutches formed in two parts
but joined by a link or links at the top; the bottom levers instead of
being actuated by a lever and weight, have on one of the levers a stud
on which is attached a chain or rope; this chain or rope passes over a
pulley fitted in a groove formed on the lever; these levers work front
way and not on the side as in our other method; a weight is attached to
the chain or rope.
Two apparatus may be used in large looms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND CUTTING WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Maynes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1874.
I, JOHN MAYNES, of Albert Works, West Gorton, in the County of
Lancaster, Machinist, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND CUTTING WOOD,
METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is the construction of a machine capable
of turning a single article, or two or moro articles simultaneously by
mounting the same between spindles, which not only revolve round
their own axis in the ordinary manner of a lathe but also have a slow
rotary motion round a fixed centre, which is common to all the spindles.
In revolving round this fixed centre each article whilst rapidly revolving
upon its spindles is brought in contact with a fixed tool or tools arranged
at a proper cutting angle at varying distances from such centre and
from each other, and thus by the time that a complete revolution of the
spindles round such common centre is performed the article is turned
to the shape required.

page_text: A machine embracing my improvements may be constructed as
follows: I take a shaft and mount it in suitable bearings so as to
revolve by preference in a vertical position, and round this shaft (or a
pillar surrounding this shaft) I arrange what may be, termed annular
revolving-headstocks, which may either-be detached-from-one.another,
and so capable of, adjustment when necessary from one another, or they
may be cast or formed in one-piece,-but-in-this--latter case the spindles
carrying the centres in the lower headstocks are made adjustable. A
slow revolving motion around the central shaft is imparted to these
headstocks by suitable gearing.
The revolving spindles in the upper headstock, which carry the forks
or "dogs," may be driven by means of straps passing round pulleys
upon intermediate spindles mounted in the same headstock and geared
by means of toothed pinions with a spur wheel upon the central shaft.
The cutting tool or tools is or are fixed in a suitable stationary
framework, by preference surrounding the circle which the spindles
describe in their revolution round the fixed centre, and thus the whole
circumference of the circle is available for fixing such tools at the
proper cutting angle and at various distances from the centre, and apart
from one another, so as to give the requisite form to the article being
turned.
_
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Herbert Holt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th September 1874.
I, CHARLES HERBERT HOLT, of No. 57, Great Ducie Street, Strange-
ways, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING STEEL AND
OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the casting or running of steel or other
metals in a molten state into ingots or other moulds, and is intended to
ensure more solid castings, and is accomplished as follows:-In making
ingots or castings I fix an air-tight cover on the top of the mould with
an aperture for running the metal into the same, either through the
cover or at other convenient point. Connected with this cover is a tube or
pipe with stop valve communicating with a vacuum chamber. At the
proper time the stop valve is opened and a communication is established
betwixt the mould and the vacuum chamber, by which means the air in

page_text: the mould and the vapour arising from the molten metal is instantly
Or I fix the mould and box in an air-tight chamber and
withdraw the air and vapour, as before described.
drawn away.
The vacuum may be established and maintained by an air pump or
other suitable known means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTERING TURNSTILES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lowry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th July
1874.
I, GEORGE LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REGISTERING TURNSTILES," to be as follows:-
Now
Registering turnstiles have heretofore been made single, that is to
say, a separate framing was required for each revolving shaft.
my Invention consists in making them double, that is to say, with two
revolving shafts and arms in the same framing; these arms intersect
each other, and consequently effect a great saving in space, the two
revolving shafts being very close together enable one man to attend to
both, and the cost of construction is reduced.
Another part of my Invention consists in making the arms of the
revolving shafts of oval or half round iron, instead of round iron, as
usual, to reduce the weight and cost, and in making a shelf at the
upper side of each spoke or arm for the convenience of the person

page_text: passing through the turnstile, and to cause the revolving arms to pass
through more space, so as to insure a more correct register.
Another part of my Invention consists in arranging a money box
within the framing for the better security of the cash; this money box
is placed at the upper part of the framing and near the point where
the two sets of arms intersect each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST METAL ROLLS, PIPES, WHEELS, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY FOR ROLLING METals
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Charles Lauth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1874.-A communication from abroad by Robert
Sleath, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, BERNARD CHARLES LAUTH, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United
States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST METAL ROLLS, PIPES, WHEELS,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ROLLS
AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY FOR ROLLING METals,” a communication, to
be as follows:-
In the manufacture of rolls for rolling metals great difficulty has been
experienced in combining strength such as will resist a heavy breaking
strain with the hardness required on the face to insure durability at a
reasonable cost.
For ordinary use in rolling mills steel rolls are too expensive, since
in addition to the cost of the material and of the casting there is the
cost of welding the porous faces, and turning and tempering, and even

page_text: then the grooved rolls are very liable to break. An ordinary cast-iron
roll has too soft a face to be durable. Resort has hence been had to
chilled cast-iron rolls made from the best qualities of cast iron; but
while such rolls are a great improvement on what was before known or
used they still combine imperfectly the qualities desired.
I construct my improved rolls of cast iron and cast steel combined.
The proportions which seem best adapted to the purpose are about one-
sixth by weight of cast steel to five-sixths by weight of cast iron. The
two metals in about these proportions are melted or fused in any suitable
furnace, after which the casting is effected in a sand or chill mould in
the usual manner. A roll thus made possesses a tensile strength far
above that of cast iron alone, and a working face apparently as smooth,
hard, and perfect as steel.
Any suitable kind of steel may be employed, but I prefer to use steel
which is now regarded as of comparatively little value, such as scrap 1
steel, old Bessemer steel, railway rails, and the like. This combination
enables me to make an excellent and superior roll from the common and
cheaper qualities of cast iron.
I have thus far described my improvement with reference to the
manufacture of metallic rolls; the same difficulties exist in the manu-
facture and use of other articles, such as roll pinions, hammer, or
swaging and rolling dies, railway and other wheels, and other like
articles, and the same advantageous results are secured by making the
same of the compound of iron and steel in the manner above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, AND IN ARRANGING THE COPS THEREIN
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ireland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1874.
I, JOHN IRELAND, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, AND IN ARRANGING THE COPS
THEREIN, to be as follows, that is to say :-
"
.
This Invention, which relates to improvements in shuttles for weaving,
has for its object to so arrange the shuttle that a longer cop may be
employed therewith than with shuttles as hitherto made, and also to
deliver the thread or weft direct from the cop through the centre of the
shuttle in lieu of at one end as hitherto.
The shuttle is formed with an eye or opening in one side and at or
about a point equally distant from either end. At the interior hollow
portion of the shuttle and opposite the eye or opening a drag is placed,
and which consists of a short tube or eye provided with studs or
trunnions at each side on which it is capable of being rotated. The drag
tube or eye which is or may be removable is supported in brackets
attached to the sides or bottom of the shuttle, and it is retained in the

page_text: position to which it has been adjusted by forming the stud or trunnion
at one or both sides rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, or of other suitable
polygonal figure.
The cop employed in conjunction with the shuttle is made longer
than hitherto, and when about to be placed in the shuttle it is broken
through the middle but without severing the thread connecting both
portions together. That end of the cop from which the thread or weft
first unwinds is placed immediately on one side of the drag tube or eye
through which the thread is passed and thence through the eye or
opening in the side of the shuttle. When all the thread or weft at one
side of the drag tube is exhausted the thread or weft at the opposite side
unwinds until the whole of the cop has been used up.
The shuttle constructed in accordance with this Invention may be
employed in weaving with single or double weft, or with two cops
placed one on each side of the drag tube or eye.
In lieu of retaining the cop or cops in position in the hollow portion
of the shuttle by means of a metal strap as hitherto practised, an elastic
band or strap is or may be employed in conjunction with the shuttle
herein-before described for that purpose, which band or strap is per-
manently fixed at one end and provided with a clutch or other fastenings 2
at its opposite end, or it may be provided with such fastenings at both
ends.
A small hair brush is or may be placed inside the shuttle at the back
of the movable eye in order to prevent loose fibre or thread from coming
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS SUITABLE FOR BODIES, SKIRTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES OF LADIES' WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Mähler and Anthony
Mähler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th September 1874.
We, ADOLPH MÄHLER and ANTHONY MÄHLER, both of No. 6, Red
Lion Court, Watling Street, in the City of London, Merchants and
Warehousemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS SUITABLE FOR BODIES, SKIRTS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR ARTICLES OF LADIES' WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved manufacture of fabrics suitable
for bodies, skirts, and other articles of ladies' wearing apparel, and
consists in weaving yarn, dyed threads, or filaments in close weavings, and
in open weavings in alternate order, the two being in combination in or
upon the same fabric.
The yarn dyed threads or filaments are used either as warp or as
weft threads, or as both warp and weft, according to the pattern to be
produced upon the surface or surfaces, that is, on the front face only, or
upon the face and the back.

page_text: It is preferred to employ the yarn dyed threads or fibres as warp
threads only so that the colours appear in stripes or checks in the close
woven portions and plain in the open woven portions, or coloured
threads can be thrown in to appear at intervals in the open woven
parts to give effect.
A New and Improved Compound for FatTTENING PIGS, SHeep, Cattle, AND HORSES, ENLARGING THEIR GROWTH, IMPROVING THEIR QUALITY, AND OTHER- WISE BEING OF BENEFIT TO THEM, THEIR BREED, GROWTH, AND SUBSTANCE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Stephens at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1874.
I, WILLIAM Henry Stephens, of No. 30, Bedford Row, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for “A New and Improved Compound for FatTTENING PIGS, SHeep, Cattle,
AND HORSES, ENLARGING THEIR GROWTH, IMPROVING THEIR QUALITY, AND OTHER-
WISE BEING OF BENEFIT TO THEM, THEIR BREED, GROWTH, AND SUBSTANCE," to be
as follows:-
Four hundredweight of rice meal.
Three
ditto
of barley meal.
Three
ditto
of maize meal.
Three
ditto
of bean meal.
Three
ditto
of pea meal.
Two
ditto
of linseed.
One and a half ditto
of sugar.

page_text: Five pounds of salt.
Five ditto of carbonate of soda.
Six ditto of powdered liquorico.
Five ditto of ginger.
Five ditto of all spice.
Twenty ditto of sulphur.
Ten ditto of powdered charcoal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Middleditch Scott at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th February 1874.
I, WILLIAM MIDDLEDITCH SCOTT, of the Firm of W. and C. Scott and
Son, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BREECH-LOADING SMALL-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to breech-loading small-arms of the kind
called drop-down guns, and consists of the construction and com-
binations of parts herein-after described for binding the "fore end" of
the said guns to the loop on the barrels, and for maintaining the
abutment of the fore end in close contact with the joint of the barrels.
In fore ends of the ordinary kind the metal bar or foundation of the fore
end to which the wooden cover is attached rides freely on the loop
projecting from the under side of the barrels, and hence the slight play
which the said bar has on the loop imparts to the fore end a looseness
which is objectionable, and the fore end in consequence does not take a
close bearing against the joint of the barrels.

page_text: The object of my Invention is to remedy the defects referred to, which
I effect as follows:-To the bar of the fore end and near that part which
is engaged with the loop, I joint a small arm or lever, the acting end of
the said lever projecting from the bar. By means of a spring pressing on
the tail of the said lever it is made to bear upon the edge of the loop,
and thereby bind the fore end to the said loop and press the abutment of
the fore end in close contact with the joint of the barrels.
The arm or lever described may carry an antifriction roller which
bears directly on the loop. Or in place of the said spring arm or lever
a double spring fixed on the fore end bar having at its free end a roller
may be made to press upon the loop. Or the binding parts may be
reversed, that is, the spring arm or lever or double spring may be
situated in the loop and be made to press upon the bar. Or a spring
sliding bolt or stud may either be placed in the bar or in the loop with a
like effect.
My Invention may be applied to the fore ends of drop-down guns,
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BRAKE CHIEFLY DESIGNED TO BE USED FOR PREVENTING COLLISIONS AND OTHER ACCIDENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Gray Rhodes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with, his Petition, on the
25th March 1874.
I, GEORGE GRAY RHODES, of Stratford, in the County of Essex,.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BRAKE CHIEFLY DESIGNED TO BE USED FOR PREVENTING
COLLISIONS AND OTHER ACCIDENTS," to be as follows:
1
My said Invention relates to a railway brake which is designed chiefly
for use on occasions where it is desirable to suddenly check or stop a.
railway train running at a great speed.
The said brake is not designed to supersede or replace the ordinary:
brakes used on railway trains for retarding or stopping them, but is
intended to form an auxiliary brake which may be used alone or with
the said ordinary brakes, when circumstances necessitate a sudden
stoppage of the train.

page_text: engine or locomotive, and which are forced down upon the railway rails
to stop the train.
The said Invention also consists in the apparatus herein described,
whereby the said bars or rods are operated or adjusted to force them
down upon the rails and withdraw them from the same.
My Invention is carried into practice as follows:-At the front of the
engine or locomotive I extend the plates of the frame down, and attach
to them two strong sockets or boxes one over each rail of the railway.
In each of these sockets I fit a strong steel bar whose lower front edge
is made sharp somewhat like a turning or planing tool. Each of these
bars is bored from its upper end and tapped with a screw thread to
receive a screw, which is connected by bevil gearing with a horizontal
shaft extending transversely across the inside of the engine framing.
This shaft carries a worm wheel which is geared into a worm fixed on a
longitudinal shaft extending from the foot plate to the said worm wheel.
below the axles of the said engine. This longitudinal shaft is connected
with a hand wheel or other means, whereby it may be controlled or
operated by the engine driver who by a slight movement of the said
wheel can through the medium of the said longitudinal shaft and gearing
turn the said vertical screws, and thereby force the steel bars down upon
the rails of the railway.
If desired I may supply the said steel bars with cold water by means
of the boiler feed injector or otherwise to keep the said bars from heating
and prevent the loss of the temper of the steel.
As above stated this improved brake would not be used under ordinary.
circumstances, but on especial occasions, for instance in the case of an
impending collision, where the time would be too short to avert the
same by the use of the ordinary brakes, the engine driver could apply
my brake with such force as to bring the train almost to a dead.
stoppage, or so far deprive it of its momentum as to prevent the worst
consequences of such accidents.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GONGS, CYMBALS, AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Potter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
November 1874..
I, GEORGE POTTER, of Aldershot, in the County of Hants, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GONGS, CYMBALS, AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS,"
to bo as follows:-
My Invention relates to the process of manufacturing certain musical
instruments, such as gongs, cymbals, triangles, glockenspiels, and tuning
forks, and also musical instruments which are now mado of brass or
copper.
The alloy of which gongs and cymbals are made is of a very brittle
character when first cast, and the manufacture of these instruments
cannot be carried on in this country for want of the means of rendering
the metal sufficiently malleable to admit of its being wrought by the
hammer to the form desired.
According to my Invention I employ an alloy of copper and tin in
certain proportions, which vary from 70 parts of copper and 30 parts of

page_text: tin to 86 parts of copper and 14 parts of tin. There will also be found
a small quantity of silver, nickel, and iron. In order to render this alloy
sufficiently ductile or malleable for the purpose I heat it to a red heat
in a furnace and suddenly plunge it into cold water, after which it may
be readily forged of the form required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SOWING SEEDS AND DISTRIBUTING MANURE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Rawbone at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd July 1874.-A communication from abroad by James
Codville, of Woodstock, in the Province of Ontario, Canada.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE RAWBONE, of the City of Toronto, in the
Province of Ontario, Canada, but at present residing at Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Gunsmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SOWING SEEDS AND
DISTRIBUTING MANURE," to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in machines for sowing seeds broadcast and for distributing manure.
The parts of the said machines are constructed, arranged, and worked
substantially as follows:-The machine is supported upon a pair of
travelling wheels, upon which it is drawn along the land to be sown or
manured. The seeds contained in a hopper pass to two receivers or
chambers, in the bottoms of which chambers are openings; working
under these. openings is a horizontal feed bar having a reciprocating
sliding motion. In the said feed bar are two vertical channels, which

page_text: The machine is thrown into and out of gear with the travelling wheel
by a sliding clutch or other equivalent arrangement.
Manure is distributed by the machine in a like manner to that
described with respect to sewing sceds broadcast, but in distributing
manure it is preferred to use a supplementary and removeable hopper
situated immediately over the receiving chambers described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED LADDERS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Brown Westhead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th May 1874.
I, MARCUS BROWN WESTHEAD, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHAT ARE COMMONLY CALLED
LADDERS FOR VENETIAN BLINDS," to be as follows:-
In making "ladders " for Venetian blinds short straps are required as
is well known to unite a pair of tapes, between which the laths of the
blind are placed, and my Invention consists in a method of attaching
the said short straps to the tapes, for which purpose I propose to use
metallic rivets or clamps. For instance, I take pieces of metal with
projecting parts, which are thrust through the said straps and the tapes,
and are then flattened over so as to form a clamp or rivet uniting the
two parts; but on the same plan metal eyelet holes or similar rivetting
or clamping may be employed.
THE MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF VALLANCES AND DRAPERIES AND SIMILAR WOVEN MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Fry, Thomas
Joseph Fry, and Thomas Fry, at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents with their Petition, on the 6th October 1874.
We, WILLIAM HENRY FRY, THOMAS JOSEPH FRY, and THOMAS FRY,
junior, of the Firm of Messrs. William Fry and Company, of Westmore-
land Street, Dublin, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE AND PRODUCTION OF VALLANCES AND
DRAPERIES AND SIMILAR WOVEN MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in the production and manufacture of valances and
draperies consist of making in the loom a patterned fabric so designed
as to form valances and draperies when cut by the upholsterer, and in
one or more color or colors.
Valances and draperies are usually made of embroidered patterns or
designs, but by or Invention an equally good effect is produced at less
cost by weaving in woven fabrics a pattern or design suitable for valances

page_text: and draperies in various colors, which when cut forms a valance or
drapery producing the same effect as an embroidered material.
We manufacture in the ordinary loom a pattern, which without being
embroidered is capable of being used for valances and draperies, which
has not hitherto been done.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE EXTRACTION OF METALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATON left by John Fairburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
November 1874.
I, JOHN FAIRBURN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING
THE EXTRACTION OF METALS," to be as follows:--
This Invention relates to the extraction and refining of gold and silver
by the employment of what are known as black slags, resulting from
the reduction or smelting of lead ores in cupolas or blast furnaces, either
alone or in conjunction with what are known as grey slags, resulting
from the treatment of lead ores or products in reverberatory furnaces,
and consists in the employment of the before-mentioned slag or mixtures
of the same in a fine state of division in a furnace or suitable apparatus
in conjunction with ores or products containing either gold or silver, or
both, together with the employment of heat, and thus effecting their
extraction and subsequent refining.
What I have termed black slag is the slag or fused product obtained
from the smelting of lead ores and products the composition of which

page_text: will of course vary according to the nature of the ores or products
smelted and the fluxes employed; but what I wish to be understood as
the black slags which I prefer to employ are those which are the most
fusible.
The grey lead slags referred to are those slags which are obtained
from the smelting of lead ores or products containing lead in reverber-
atory furnaces and which are well known to metallurgists.
.
The proportions in which these slags are to be employed will vary
according to their fusibility, and also according to the quality of the
ore or products containing gold or silver which it is desired to:
treat.