matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bernard Charles Lauth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1873.-A communication from abroad by John J.
Williams, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
I, BERNARD CHARLES LAUTH, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United
States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING IRON AND OTHER METALS," a com-
munication, to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to machinery for rolling iron and other metals,
so constructed that the metal passed between the rollers is worked upon
the edges as well as the sides or faces, therefore the edges are made as
solid as the faces, and the metal has a uniform density of fibre.
The said Invention also provides the means for rolling bars of iron of
a much greater width than would be practicable with other machines
with rolls of the same diameter.
Moreover my said Invention greatly diminishes the labour as it
renders unnecessary the turning of the iron, which with ordinary

page_text: machines is required as each pass changes the position of the parts of
the pile or bar. And it diminishes the waste in croppage, as my
improved rolls gripe or take hold of the piece, pile, or bar of metal on all
of its sides simultaneously or nearly so.
By dividing the strain laterally as well as vertically the liability to
fracture any parts of the machine is greatly diminished, and by the
peculiar formation of the grooves in the rolls the wearing of the same is
reduced, and they will require less dressing than ordinary rolls.
"
My improved machines may have either "two-high" or "three-high'
rolls. The said rolls are divided into four or any other desired number:
of portions, each of which has the form of a frustum of a cone. The
said rolls also have collars or flanges, and grooves which divide one
portion from another; the rolls are so arranged together that the collars
of one roll project and work in the grooves of the other roll. These
collars are inclined at a right angle or nearly so to the periphery of the
body of the roll, and the edges of the grooves have a similar inclination.
And the spaces enclosed between the peripheries and collars of each
portion of the two rolls correspond with the form to be given thereby to
the pile or bar passed between them.
The pairs of conical rolls or portions of such rolls constructed as above
described are so arranged that the spaces between them vary in width as
well as in thickness, that is to say, the space between the rolls at one
end of the machine is both wider and longer than the space between the
other rolls or portions of rolls, and each space is both narrower and
shorter than the preceding one. Therefore the bar or pile in passing
successively between all of the said rolls or portions of rolls will be
reduced and compressed both in width and thickness.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR AN ADDITION TO CARRIAGE Door Handles
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Mallam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1873.
I, BENJAMIN MALLAM, of Tufnell Park, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN OR AN ADDITION TO CARRIAGE Door Handles,” to be as follows :—
The object of my Invention is to afford protection from dirt to the
handles of carriage doors, which are now so generally made dirty during
the running of the carriage by the dirt or mud which is thrown thereon
by the wheels. This has heretofore been found a great inconvenince as
to open the door in dirty weather, the handle is generally more or less
covered with mud, whereas by my Invention the handles are continually
kept clean no matter how muddy the streets or roads may be.
The Invention consists in providing a cap or cover for the handle
proper, the said cap or cover being hinged to the shank of the handle
in such manner that when in its normal position the cap covers the
handle and prevents dirt touching it, but to use the handle proper to
open the door in dirty weather the cap is raised by the finger and the

page_text: handle below is presented in a clean state ready to be seized by the hand;
when the streets or roads are not muddy the cap need not be raised
(unless wished) to open the door.
The inside of the cap or cover may be lined with leather or its
equivalent to prevent unpleasant noise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-GRATES FOR DOMESTIC USE SO AS TO ECONOMIZE THE FUEL USED IN THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Seth Lang at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Potition, on the 12th March
1878.
I, SETH LANG, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Iron-
founder and Machinist, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIRE-GRATES FOR DOMESTIC USE SO
AS TO ECONOMIZE THE FUEL USED IN THE SAME," (to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is the construction of fire-grates in such
manner that the fire space may readily be enlarged or contracted as
occasion may require, and to provide free passages for heated gases or air
to the oven and boiler when the fire is contracted. The bottom grate is
constructed with a number of apertures or stud holes therethrough. The
end irons (as well as a plate forming the back of the fire) are provided
with studs or pins which enter the holes in the bottom grate so that the
space for fire may readily be adjusted according to requirement. The
whole of the plates have clongated apertures or air passages which admit
the passage and circulation of heated gases to the oven and boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAMWAY RAILS AND WHEELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Janus Schmidt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1873.
I, JANUS SCHMIDT, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRAMWAY RAILS AND WHEELS," to be as follows :-
The primary object of this Invention is so to construct rails for
tramways as to enable the wheels to be sufficiently guided by said rails
while at the same time affording facility for the wheels to leave the rails
whenever required in order to get out of the way of other tram cars or
other vehicles.
Another object is to make these tram rails so as to allow tram cars
having specially formed wheels to run on them and also tram cars with
the now usual flanged tram wheels. For this purpose I make the rail
broad and flat, and the tram wheel broad and flat to suit, and without a
flange, and I provide the rail on its inner side with a slightly projecting
flange which forms the required guide. The rail flange is rounded at its
outer corner and may also be slightly rounded off where it joins the base

page_text: of the rail. The wheel is likewise rounded off on the corresponding
edge.
In order to enable the rail as aforesaid to be at the same time used for
ordinary flanged tramway wheels I form it with a groove for the flange
to run in, and I form the groove by preference close by or up against t
the said projecting flange on the rail.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Henry Yarrow, of Camberwell Park, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES, AND IN FURNACES
AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME."-A communication from abroad by
William Steers, of West Twenty-fourth Street, New York, United
States of America.
Scaled the 20th October 1873, and dated the 3rd September 1873.
·PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Henry Yarrow
-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd September 1873.
I, EDWARD HENRY YARROW, of Camberwell Park, in the County of
5 Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES AND
IN FURNACES AND APPARATUS FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
=

page_text: This Invention relates, firstly, to improvements in the manufacture of
gas from petroleum, oil, or other cognate materials suitable for lighting
and heating purposes, the gas as employed being composed of vapourized
oil in conjunction or not with air or other body under pressure, according
to the kind of flame required and its purposes.
In the manufacture the oil is permitted to flow or it is forced on to
floors or partitions within retorts, so that it flows or trickles down or
along from one floor to another and takes up the heat of the furnace in
which the retort is arranged. The oil by the time it has traversed tho
scries of floors has given off the whole of its illuminating propertics
which are drawn off or sent into a receptacle to be used when desired,
the receptacle being preferably like an ordinary gasometer. The gas
thus made can be sent direct to the gasometer in a heated state, or it
may first be cooled down for storage. :
In most cases the oil is in a crude state but it may be passed through
stills or purifiers before it enters the retorts for its conversion into gas.
The retorts are in one piece or in several pieces with lips and grooves.
which correspond so that the whole can be held together by metal bands
or other devices, and any number of retorts can be built upon the samo
brickwork or structure with as many fires below or around as are
required to heat the retorts, the oil being preferably fed in when they
aro at a bright red licat.
The gas can be used in conjunction with air from a blower for
hicating purposes and the flame or flames can be directed into any
position. The blast of air can also be blown across the face of the
burning oil which it is proposed should be in a pan, say, in the mouth of
a furnace, for the blast to carry the flame into the flue and against the
boiler skin, the pan having a muffle upon it to confine the current.
For reverberatory furnaces the gas can be passed through a tubo
containing the blast pipe, so that the force of the blast distributes or
sprays the gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORTAR, BETON, AND CONCRETE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Humphrey Chamberlain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th February 1873.
I, HUMPHREY CHAMBERLAIN, of Round Green, Barnsley, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MORTAR, BETON, AND
CONCRETE," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists essentially in the application and use to and
in the manufacture of mortar, beton, and concrete of the waste lime
from gas purifiers, which has hitherto been treated as a comparatively
useless refuse.
I have found by experiment that " Igas lime," by which name such
before-mentioned waste lime is known, produces an equally good or
superior mortar to fresh lime. It is simply necessary to grind it up in
the usual mortar mill, or to mix it as ordinary lime with sand, ashes, and
such like materials.

page_text: The said refuse lime is also suitable as a substitute for fresh lime in
making concrete or beton," which may or may not as required be
moulded into bricks or blocks in any well known manner, and in the
event of a very hard substance being required a portion of Portland
cement may be used in combination with the said refuse lime.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE EVAPORATION OF WATER, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF SEWAGE AND OF SALINE SOLUTIONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Curie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th December
1873.
I, PAUL CURIE, of Gresham House, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
EVAPORATION OF WATER, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT
OF SEWAGE AND OF SALINE SOLUTIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements whereby the process of
evaporation of the water, whether combined with sewage or saline
solutions, is more efficaceously and rapidly performed than heretofore.
When this Invention is applied to the treatment of sewage, the liquid
sewage is in the first instance disinfected, and the ammonia and
sulphurous compounds contained therein fixed by means of the well-
known chemical agents, such as sulphate of iron, salts of alumina, clay,
plaster of Paris, chalk, and charcoal.
In order to evaporate the water from the sewage, one method pre-
viously adopted has been to force through the latter a strong current of
air, or of gases, or of both combined, either in a cold or heated state,

page_text: thereby carrying away the vapourized water, and leaving the solid matter
in a dry state, containing all the constituent parts of the sewage which
are useful for fertilizing purposes.
The present Invention consists in producing a mixture of air and hot
gases suitable for the before-mentioned process of evaporation, such
gases so employed being obtained by the combustion of fuel either under
steam boilers or in other furnaces. The gases so obtained are then
driven or aspirated into a reservoir, in which they are mixed with a
sufficient quantity of cold air to bring the whole down to any desired
temperature. The mixture of air and hot gases is then blown through
the liquid sewage, which is contained in suitable reservoirs or receptacles,
and the evaporation of the water thereby rapidly effected.
The mode of employing this Invention to the evaporation of water
contained in saline solutions is precisely similar to that herein-before
described in relation to the treatment of sewage.
For the purpose of impelling the air or gases any blast engine, fan, or
other apparatus adapted for the purpose is employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS.”
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Black, of the City and County of Dublin,
Ireland, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CLEARING RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Black at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1873.
-
I, WILLIAM BLACK, of the City and County of Dublin, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CLEARING RAILS OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS," to be as
follows:-
Various attempts have been heretofore unsuccessfully made to provide
means for clearing rails of obstructions, but hitherto most apparatus of
this kind have been attached to the body of the car, carriage, or engine,

page_text: or the apparatus has been supported by separate and distinct wheels or
other apparatus; the result is that as the body of the machine or car is
constantly varying in distance from the rails or road and shifting its
position, particularly when going round curves, it has been therefore
necessary to use a complicated and very elastic machine or apparatus.
Now according to my Invention, these defects are obviated and the appa-
ratus and operation are much simplified.
I attach the clearing apparatus to the ordinary axle or axle boxes of
the tram or other car or vehicle, thereby securing a more fixed and
definable distance between the rail and clearing apparatus.
A convenient mode of carrying my Invention into effect consists of an
elastic arm connected to the axle or axle box of the tram or other
carriage. This arm is placed near the wheel immediately in the vicinity
of its contact with the rail, and if necessary the arm may be caused to
come in contact with the break or wheel thereby making it sufficiently
strong to remove ordinary obstructions, and to act on the wheel or break
as a means of stopping the car or other vehicle.
Sometimes a second arm or arms may be used to which may be
attached a plough or other sweeping apparatus suitable to remove
obstructions and to clear the rails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES OR. FERTILIZERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence and
Peter Dunn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 16th October 1873.
We, JOHN BERGER SPENCE and PETER DUNN, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MANURES OR.
FERTILIZERS," to be as follows :—
The first part of our Invention relates to a method of treating natural
phosphates of alumina and iron of a similar character to those now
derived from the islands of Redonda and Los Roques, whereby they
are brought into a condition which renders them more efficacious as
manures or fertiliziers. For this purpose we take the said phosphates
in any convenient quantity and calcine them, after which the dry
material is ground, and is ready for distribution on the land. In order
to effect the said calcination we propose to mix the natural phosphates
with small coal or other carbonaceous matter, and burn the mass in
any ordinary suitable manner.
Another part of our Invention also consists in a method of rendering
the said phosphates more valuable as manures or fertilizers. For this

page_text: -
purpose we take the natural material, or the calcined product above-
mentioned, and combine it with nitrogenous substances, such as
sulphate of ammonia, muriate of ammonia, nitrate of soda, dried blood,
bones, guano, shoddy, or with phosphates of lime, chloride of sodium
or potash, kainite, sulphate of lime, gas lime waste, soda waste, or
sulphate of magnesia. These, or their allied substances, we combine
singly with the phosphate of alumina and iron, or in combined pro-
portions, as may be considered necessary for the purpose to which the
manure is to be employed; and we find that by these means the said
phosphates have imparted thereto an increased fertilizing power, and
the material may be produced as an article of commerce in a convenient
form.
$
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES, THE HEAT OBTAINED WHEREBY THE FUEL USED IN THE SAID FIRE-PLACES AND THEREPROM ARE GREATLY ECONOMIZED
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Caton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th February
1873.
I, JOHN CATON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF DOMESTIC AND OTHER FIRE-PLACES,
THE HEAT OBTAINED
WHEREBY THE FUEL USED IN THE SAID FIRE-PLACES AND
THEREPROM ARE GREATLY ECONOMIZED," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize fuel and to utilize to a
greater degree the same by securing a current of heated air from the
fire. I construct the grate with a false bottom by preference of a fire-
clay perforated slab having a rabbet or groove longitudinally therein, in
which a vertical plate of iron or fire-clay rests forming an artificial back
for the fire to rest against, and having a space or chamber between this
plate and the ordinary fire back in which air is heated, and directed by
the ends of the said plate to the front of the fire-bars, between which it
escapes to the room. Beneath the bottom grate and slightly projecting
beyond the front of the said bottom grate is an inclined grating or

page_text: screen on which the ashes and cinders falling from the fire fall. The
fine ashes or refuse pass through the perforations, the larger cinders
slide down the incline and are collected at the bottom ready for use,
being thus separated from the waste ashes or dust proceeding from
combustion. The plate above described as forming the back of the fire
may be flat, corresponding to the ordinary back of the fire, or may be
curved or of other convenient form so as to admit of the construction of
the hot air chamber at the back thereof as above described. The boiler
or oven will be heated by withdrawing an end iron as usual.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wincen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1873.
I, HENRY WINCEN, of Newcastle-under-Lyme, in the County of
Stafford, Gasfitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to materially improve those meters
known as "Essin's compensating gas meters."
The great defect of these meters is the tendency in the float to stick,
and this defect I obviate by constructing a float which has a tube passed
through it, and through which a dip tube passes to the bottom of the
said float, a rod through this tube working the valve. By these means
a direct action is gained, thus entirely preventing any sticking of the
float, and there is according to my Invention more space available for
the compensating chamber, and greater simplicity in construction is
attained by dispensing with the various partitions which are now
necessarily employed in the existing apparatus of these gas meters.

page_text: An important part of my Invention consists in an improvement of the
air tube now generally used, which I effect according to my improved
arrangements by placing it over the dip tube for the upright shaft. In
this manner the joint now used is dispensed with, and more freedom is
given to the inner dip tube.
The water passes from the compensating chamber to the body of the
meter by a small aperture to the right of the gas way. The other gas
way tube in the body of the meter is provided with a spout and water
level by which the gas is conveyed to the drum of the meter.
My improved meters only differ from the ordinary Essin's meter in :
their shape and size, in having about an additional elevation (by pre-
ference about an inch) on the inlet side.
AN IMPROVED BALE TIE OR BUCKLE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Norman Stewart Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1873.
I, NORMAN STEWART WALKER, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED BALE TIE OR BUCKLE," to be as follows:
A bale tie or buckle constructed in accordance with my Invention is
formed of one piece of metal, and has the following novel features:
First. It is made at least double the width of the band, hoop, wire, or
rope (hereafter for brevity called band) to be tied or fastened.
Second. It receives the strains of the band on different parts, and in
parallel lines.
And, Third. Under a modification hereafter particularized, it has (1)
portions bent sidewards, or (2) pieces projecting from the edge or side to
serve as safety pieces and prevent the band from getting free.
The accompanying Sheet of Drawings contains eight views full size
illustrative of four ties or buckles constructed under my Invention,
portions of the ends of the bands being shown in all the views.

page_text: In Fig. 1, which is a face, and Fig. 2, an end view, A is the tie or
buckle with closed slot a to receive one looped end of the band B; the
other end of the band is passed over and held by the side edge of the tie
or buckle.
Figs. 3 and 4 are views similar to Figs. 1 and 2. Here A is the tie or
buckle, and B the band. The corners of the tie or buckle are bent down
preferably but not necessarily inwards towards the bale at a, a¹, to serve
as safety pieces in preventing the band from slipping off, or the whole
end may be bent down, as shown by the dotted line.
Figs. 5 and 6 are similar views; A, tie or buckle, B, band; part of 1
A. is bent inwards at a² and outwards at a³ to serve as safety pieces.
Figs. 7 and 8 are similar views; A, tie or buckle, B, band. The pro-
jecting part a' is what I call a special safety piece; it serves to prevent
the band escaping from the tie. The part a' may be variously formed
for instance with an angular or other notch or recess, as shown by the 1
dotted lines so that the band may rest therein.
It will be obvious that instead of the band being passed through the
closed slot as shown in all the views, it may be rivetted or otherwise
secured to the tie, and in this case the band may project beyond the end
of the tie.
For ordinary use I prefer the closed slot. as the tie can be easily
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINCHES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Paul at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1878.
I, ANDREW PAUL, of Dumbarton, in the County of Dumbarton,
North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINCHES,” to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to a simple, compact, and convenient arrange-
ment of winch designed for loading or unloading cargo on shipboard, but
also applicable for various other hoisting or winding purposes.
In an arrangement embodying the improvements a pair of steam
cylinders are placed horizontally on a sole plate, and are connected to a
horizontal crank shaft having its bearings also on the sole plate, and
fitted with non-reversing single eccentrics for working the cylinder slide
valves. On the crank shaft two bevil wheels are mounted facing each
other with a clutch, by preference a double frictional cone clutch,
between them, and these bevil wheels gear with a third bevil wheel
on a horizontal shaft at right angles to the crank shaft.

page_text: The last mentioned shaft has on it a worm which gears with a worm
wheel on a transverse horizontal shaft carried by side frames fixed upon
the sole plate.
The transverse shaft has at one end a spur wheel with a
slip clutch, and gearing with a corresponding spur wheel on the winding
barrel shaft for single power, whilst on the other end of it there is a t
pinion with a slip clutch and gearing into a spur wheel on the barrel
shaft for double power. The barrel shaft is carried by the side frames,
and suitable hand levers are provided for moving the several clutches.
Instead of fitting the worm wheel shaft with clutches the barrel may
be loose on its shaft, and have frictional cone connections with the 1
wheels on its shaft. The clutch lever in connection with the crank
shaft is by preference also connected to the steam stop valve so as to
shut off the steam when moving the clutch out of gear in either
direction.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REMOVING BY STEAM THE BARK FROM OSIER, WILLOW, OR ANY KIND OF RODS, AND ALSO OF IMPROVING THEIR COLOR, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING. THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelius Bremerkamp at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th January 1873.
I, CORNELIUS BREMERKAMP, of 706, Old Kent Road, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF REMOVING BY STEAM THE BARK FROM OSIER, WILLOW,
OR ANY KIND OF RODS, AND ALSO OF IMPROVING THEIR COLOR, AND IN THE
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING. THE SAME," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention consists of an improved mode of removing the bark
from osier, willow, or other kinds of rods used for baskets and other
manufacturing purposes, the operation requiring but from fifteen to
twenty minutes instead of four months as under the old method, besides
rendering the rods more pliable, tough, and durable, and also producing
them of a good white color. The operation is as follows:-I have an
iron tank about twelve feet long, two or three feet wide, and two or
three feet deep, with a perforated bottom, a wood or iron cover fitting
very close so as to confine the steam; beneath this tank I place an
iron boiler from which the steam passes into the tank above, or I may

page_text: have a portable boiler for conveying the steam for the like purpose.
The osier, willow, or other rods are then placed in the tank in the
steam and the cover closed for the space of about fifteen or twenty
minutes, which has the effect of loosening the bark and rendering them
fit for peeling, which operation I perform with the "breaks" now in use,
but instead of having them lined with iron as at present I use gutta
percha so as to prevent the splitting of the osier, willow, or other rods
during the latter operation. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING MANURE AND PURIFYING SEWAGE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Jacobsen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd January 1878.
I, FREDERICK JACOBSEN, of Redfern House, in the County of
Edinburgh, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE FOR THE PURPOSE OF MAKING MANURE AND
PURIFYING SEWAGE," to be as follows :—
Hitherto sewage has for the above mentioned purposes generally been
treated with sulphuric acid diluted with ordinary clean water in con-
junction with phosphate of alumina, but I treat it differently. I treat
the sewage with phosphate of lime and diluted sulphuric acid, diluting
such acid with the liquid sewage itself. This saves the expense of clean
water and increases the deposit of amoniacal or nitrogenous matter by
extracting and retaining so much of that substance as is in suspension
or solution in the fluid of the sewage. To effect this I dissolve coprolites
or other phosphate of lime in the ordinary, way, and mix this material
along with diluted sulphuric acid with the sewage to be treated, but
diluting the sulphuric acid employed with the fluid of the sewage instead

page_text: of with clean water. This produces a superphosphate which is then
mixed with the more solid sewage deposit obtained by subjecting the
sewage to any of the known methods used for producing subsidence and
decantation. This mixture forms a valuable manure or fertilizer and tho
fluid which is drawn or run off is much purified by the operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mercer and Samuel Ken-
worthy Worthington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th February 1873.
We, JOHN MERCER, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Over-
looker, and SAMUEL KENWORTHY WORTHINGTON, of Blackburn, afore-
said, Innkeeper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a much more simple means and apparatus
for operating the "bagged rollers" employed on looms weaving pieces
or goods having figured or fancy borders, and whereby we are enabled
to dispence with the 2 or bell-crank lever, the connecting rod, and
other mechanism heretofore employed, that or bell-crank lever and
connecting rod being most objectionable because of their projecting
beyond the end frame of the loom, and often causing damage to pieces
carried, and to the dress of operatives passing through the narrow space
between adjoining looms.
We mount on the end of each bag roller a catch or star wheel,
underneath and bearing against which is a curved spring or "hammer
"

page_text: "
head supported in position by means of a spring; attached to the
"knives are fingers or catches which as the knives descend engage with
a tooth or catch of the catch or star wheels, thereby moving the same
the distance between tooth and tooth, and so imparting the desired
intermittent rotary motion to the bagger rollers and bags.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR STAMPING LINEN WITH THE NAME OR INITIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Beasley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
December 1873.
I, HENRY BEASLEY, of 56, Richmond Road, Bayswater, in the Parish
of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR
STAMPING LINEN WITH THE NAME OR INITIALS," to be as follows:
-
This Invention consists in the employment in lieu of the ordinary
hand stamp of a certain oblong-shaped stand on four legs, having a
tube rising about an inch from the centre of the stand; in the tube
works a hand starting lever; in the lever is concealed a small spring,
and to the lever is attached a type receiver partly concealed by the sides
of the stand. By slight pressure from the lever downwards a most
perfect impression is made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Penrose at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1873.
I, WILLIAM PENROSE, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL," to be as follows :-
•
My Invention relates to the production of fuel, and consists in the
mixing or incorporating intimately peat with coal either with or without
the admixture of pitch, tar, or vegetable or minerals oils.
In carrying out my Invention I cause the peat and coals to be
disintegrated together by means of any well-known disintegrator, thus
bringing about an intimate mixture. This disintegrated mixture is
afterwards while in a sufficiently moist condition made into bricks or
any other form by one of the well-known presses for making patent fuel.
The
The fuel thus prepared if not too moist is then fit for use.
proportions in which the peat and coal are to be, mixed must vary
according to the quality of the peat, but as the object of this Invention
is to make peat into a useful fuel I have found that from ten per cent.

page_text: up to twenty per cent. of coal by weight intimately mixed with it has
given good results.
The coal and peat may however be mixed together in any proportions
either with or without the admixture of pitch, tar, mineral, or vegetable
oils.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDED RAILWAYS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Fennelly at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1873.-A communication from abroad by Woodford
Pilkington, of Hendage, Basses Pyrénées, in the Republic of France.
I, RICHARD FENNELLY, of 122, Cannon Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SUSPENDED RAILWAYS," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object the construction of suspended ways
or railways by covering wire rope with a shroud or jacket of shaped
plate iron so as to get rid of the friction of the strands of the after
rope
such rope shall have been drawn tight over chairs of particular form
seated in posts or sleepers in manner hereafter described. It further
includes the use of an under subordinate rope or ropes passed through
the posts and drawn tight at a lower level, on which the upper or
bearing rope is chiefly supported so as to form throughout a perfectly
elastic way by means of connecting upright rods or bars placed at
suitable distances apart, the heads or crowns of which act as fish plates
at each joint of the rope, shroud, or jacket. These uprights are con-
nected or tied transversely by guage bars at any convenient point or
level.

page_text: By means of the shroud or jacket which forms the rail on the upper
rope curves may be formed of any required radius, the lower rope being
still used as a support, although it, the said lower rope, takes the
direction of chords of the curve from support to support, through which
it is drawn tight after the manner of ordinary wire fencing by a simple
extension of the lower tie bars to the length of the ordinate between the
chord and the curve at any given point, so as to carry the supporting
upright of the curve, and thus bring the bearing as in the straight or
tangent portion on the lower rope, as before mentioned.
Lines of railway of this kind would be chiefly worked by tow lines 1
with a fixed motive power, and an advantage is obtained herein that by
carrying the sheaves on the tie bars of the lower ropes the whole of the
running gear is contained in a trough or groove thus formed, and so
protected from all chance of derangement.
•
The advantages are for working cheap lines for mineral or other 1
traffic in difficult country, passing mountain gorges with spans of
considerable length, and particularly for covering or jacketing wire rope
with thin shaped plates or sheets of iron so as to form a smooth
surface for wheels to run upon, in conjunction with an under bearing
rope, thus forming a perfectly elastic way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING A FOOTHOLD ON ROADS, FOOT- WAYS, PLATFORMS, STAIRS, AND OTHER LIKE SURFACES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Thomas Fullicks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1873.
I, ARTHUR THOMAS FULLICKS, of Alma Street, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING A FOOTHOLD ON ROADS, FOOT-
WAYS, PLATFORMS, STAIRS, AND OTHER LIKE SURFACES," to be as follows:-
-
The object of this Invention is to provide a means for preventing the
numerous accidents which now occur from the slippery nature of the
surfaces trodden by men and horses. In order to secure a good foothold
upon street pavement and roadways I stud the surface with bosses of an
elastic composition, or I apply cushions of the same substance between
the transverse joints of the material which forms the wearing surface of
the road or way.
The elastic composition may consist of any of the well-known com-
pounds of india-rubber, gutta percha, or oxidized oil, which are rendered
permanently elastic, and they may be secured in place by being pinned
down or forced into countersunk holes or grooves. I propose to form

page_text: the bosses or cushions with rounded tops or heads which will stand
slightly above the hard surface of the carriage or foot way. As the
composition will yield to pressure this projection of the bosses or
cushions will offer no obstruction to the progress of the traffic, but in
yielding any ice that may have formed thereon will be broken up. The
bosses or cushions will by preference be inserted at equal distances apart
into roads or ways, and they may be made of any desired dimensions.
When applying the Invention to stairs I propose to tip the stairs with
the composition in addition to or in lieu of studding the tread with
clastic bosses. Glass plates when used as footways may also be fitted :
according to my Invention to remedy the slipperyness of that material
without destroying their light transmitting property. In such case
countersunk sockets should be cast to receive the elastic composition.
From the above explanation it will be understood that the Invention
applies to all cases where a good foothold is required (whether for man or
horse) is required, the character of the surface determining the manner of
adapting the Invention. Thus roadways covered with blocks of stone or
wood may conveniently be fitted at the joints with transverse lines of
the elastic material, but for asphalte pavement bosses may in general be
preferred. For decks of ships I propose to apply the elastic material
cither as a caulking or in the form of small studs fitting into counter-
sunk holes in the planking:
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENONING, REBATING, AND SPOUT CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Kettle at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
March 1873.
I, BENJAMIN KETTLE, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENONING,
REBATING, AND SPOUT CUTTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
I provide a table of wood or iron and of ordinary construction,
through which I pass an adjustable vertical spindle mounted in suitable
bearings carried by a bracket under the table. On the spindle and
above the table I mount one or more circular saws which I cause
to revolve horizontally and parallel with the table. The spindle is
capable of being raised or lowered by means of a screw, lever, or other
known mechanical means acting upon it at its lower end.
I also employ another spindle working within a suitable bracket
or frame in a horizontal position. On one end is mounted a spur
wheel. On the bracket is provided a boss in a central position with
regard to the aforesaid spindle, and turned true with it; upon this
boss I place one or more radial arms, each carrying a spindle at the

page_text: outer end. On one end of each spindle a spur wheel is keyed which
gears into the spur wheel on the spindle carried by the framework,
and may be moved round it in a radial direction. I fix on each of
the spindles a circular saw which can be raised or lowered as may
be required, working at right angles to the horizontal saw; this spindle
frame or bracket is capable of being set to any required angle; these
saws may be set at any required angle with respect to the adjustable
horizontal saws above the table.
For cutting tenons I employ by preference four saws, two on the
vertical shaft, and one on each radial arm. The wood to be tenoned 1
is placed upon the table without any fixing, and pressed forward and
operated upon by the two horizontal saws continued along and finished
by the vertical saws, completing thereby the tenon at one operation.
When used for rebating I employ two saws, one on the vertical shaft,
and one on top radial arm at right angles therewith, this arrangement 1
effects a perfect rebating at one operation.
When employed for spouting I vary the angles of the saws to suit
the V or cut required by lowering the radial spindle frame on its own
axis to any required extent.
The whole is driven through gearing actuated by some suitable motive 20
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDED AND OTHER WHEELS AND IN ELASTIC TIRES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Cook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1873.
I, WALTER COOK, of No. 9, Dock Street, Upper East Smithfield, in
the County of Middlesex, Wheel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUSPENDED AND OTHER
WHEELS AND IN ELASTIC TIRES FOR THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The objects of these improvements are-
First. The prevention of the rods or spokes of suspended wheels from
wearing loose with continued wear and jar, and for this purpose I usc
loops or staples made of spring steel and of such shape as to form
springs. These are attached to the inner side of the rim of the wheel, to
which the suspending rods are hung, so that as the rods or spokes wear
loose these springs shall so act as to keep them tight.
Secondly. The protection of rubber or clastic tires from abrasion or
wear from contact with the road, by means of the use of a number of
small plates or clips of iron or other metal attached securely to the outer
or treading surface of the tire. To attach these plates or clips I use whilst

page_text: making and before steaming or vulcanizing the tire a layer of junction
rubber, vulcanite, or other compound of rubber as a cement between
these plates and the tire. I prefer to make a dovetailed groove on the
under side of these plates thus forming them into clips and filling up this
groove with the rubber cement.
Thirdly. An effectual means of attaching clastic or other tires to
wheels more especially adapted to those termed suspended wheels.
Having mado the rim of the wheel slightly smaller than I require, and
before I join the ends, I put over it the tire, which is an endless ring,
and if of rubber or other clastic material is made with a base of metal or
other comparatively non-clastic substance, I then by means of screws or
wedges or other similar means force the rim apart and so increase the
size of the circle, and at the same time tighten the tire on to the rim.
I then fill up the space between the ends of the rim with a suitable picco
of metal or other substance to prevent the rim returning to its original
smaller circle, and to secure the piece or pieces so put in by means of
screws, bolts, rivets, or clamps, as may be most convenient.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING YARN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Noble and John
Wilson Armitage at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 15th March 1873.
We, BENJAMIN NOBLE, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Silk
Spinner, and JOHN WILSON ARMITAGE, of Brighouse aforesaid, Over-
looker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR CLEANING YARN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the removing the "slubs" and lumps
from silk and other yarn, which object we accomplish by means and
use of apparatus as follows:-The yarn passes from cops, bobbins, or
hanks over guide rods which direct it to and amongst the teeth of a
strip or roller of cards, the teeth of which detach the slubs and lumps.
This card strip or card roller has a lateral traverse motion imparted
thereto so as to effect a change of teeth in contact with the yarn.
Between the card strip or card roller and the bobbins on which the
yarn as cleaned is wound are knives consisting of two pieces of steel
or other metal, the edges of which may be adjusted or set close together
and between which the yarn passes. Any enlargement in the yarn not

page_text: removed by the cards will not pass through the space between the edges
of the knives, and so the yarn is broken and the imperfect end removed
before the winding is resumed. As a finishing process the gasing and
cleaning apparatus as heretofore employed is to be used.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO DOMESTIC FIRE-STOVES OR GRATES, OR PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Dyer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
October 1873.
I, GEORGE DYER, of 5, Albert Road, Erith, Kent, Watchmaker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO DOMESTIC FIRE-STOVES OR GRATES, OR PARTS THEREOF," to be as
follows:-
I divide my Invention into two parts. First, improved combustion;
second, safety.
The first part I produce by moveable or fixed metal or fire-clay side
backs, which are fitted to the stove of an angular shape bevelled and
inclined to preserve spaces behind to admit air to the back of the fuel
through apertures or perforations in them; such air to ascend from
underneath the grate so as to pass freely to all parts of the fuel.
The second part I produce by the breadth, inclination, and slanting
pitch of the front bars of the grate, which removes the tendency of the
fuel to fall out in front of the stove while in a state of ignition, and to
abate the dangers arising therefrom.

page_text: I also add as an additional safeguard a moveable metal shoot under-
neath the bottom of the grate to throw to the back of the hearth dust or
cinders which fall from the fire.
.
! I construct my stove in parts or together, and apply all or either of
such parts to other stoves with advantage and facility.