IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED HOT-AIR, STEAM, AND COMPRESSED-AIR MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Vicente Calixto Haurie, of 101, Cannon Street, in the
City of London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED
HOT-AIR, STEAM, AND COMPRESSED-AIR MACHINES." Partly a communication
from abroad by Franz Windhausen, of the City of Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany, Mechanical Engineer.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Vicente Calixto Haurie at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1881.
VICENTE CALIXTO HAURIE, of 101, Cannon Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED HOT AIR, STEAM, AND COMPRESSED AIR
MACHINES." Partly a communication from abroad by Franz Windhausen, of the
City of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Mechanical Engineer.
The Invention consists of a hot air steam machine in its entire combination, in
which in two centrally joined together unequally big cylinders and a condensor,
joined to these a mixture of hot gases and steam expanding in two stages operate
on two pistons of unequal size for the purpose of compressing air and producing
mechanical effect.
By a particular arrangement of the condenser in which the steam is condensed
and the hot gases are evolved a space of diluted air is produced, by the aid of
which the machine can work as well with closed oven and high pressure of air,
as also with opened oven at a pressure of atmosphere of the hot gases and
steam.
A distributing regulator is provided for precision influenced by the regulator
and dependent on the velocity of the machine, especially the apparatus for
getting out of the expansion round distributing valve by a rod with a splint.
The tension and temperature of the hot gases are regulated by introducing
compressed air by means of an arrangement of a valve and a piston firmly joined
to it and charged corresponding with the normal pressure of the gases.
A secluding valve is fitted for the purpose of conducting farther the surplus
compressed air for the working of distant air machines, especially when the entire

page_text: force of the machine is to be employed in compressing air in two stages with the
condensor omitted.
The transmission of force of the pistons is effected by means of an angular
connecting rod and a conducting rod on the shaft of the fly wheel.
An heating apparatus is provided with an evaporator and a water reservoir
communicating with the machine for the purpose of heating air and forming steam
in the former; coals lying on a turning grate are burned by the flowing in of
atmospheric or compressed air, and the combustible gases for the purpose of
depositing the particles of ashes and slag and of forming steam flowing through
pipe and from there streaming upwards through another pipe to be conducted to the
machine.
This heating apparatus is composed of a rotating grate in connection with a fixed
partition between every two neighbouring grate rings (projecting tenons) for the
purpose of keeping the slides of the grate clean.
Nozzles are placed in a combustion room for the purpose of burning smoke and
gas, the months of the former being able to be closed or opened by means of a
concentric distributing valve.
An evaporator is joined to the oven. In the former by a pipe the hot gases
are led on the water in the room in order to deposit in it the particles of ashes and
slag and to form a corresponding quantity of steam.
A funnel is displaceable by the screw to regulate the surface of the water touched
by the hot gases and at the same time the evaporation.
The water reservior communicates with the evaporator by conducting pipes and
two cocks for the purpose with the water in the former and the warmth to be
gathered in it to regulate as much as possible the tension of the gases and steam
in the heating apparatus, and after a short stoppage of the machine to restore
immediately by opening the cock to tension necessary for setting the machine in
motion.
Pipes are employed for conducting water on the girth ribs of the pipe. The
lighting of the oven to produce in the latter the tension sufficient for setting the
machine in motion and during the working of it to replace the water evaporating
in the water room and the water reservoir.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Vicente Calixto Haurie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1882.
"
VICENTE CALIXTo Haurie, of 101, Cannon Street, in the City of London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED HOT AIR, STEAM, AND COMPRESSED AIR
MACHINES." Partly a communication from abroad by Franz Windhausen, of the
City of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Mechanical Engineer.
The principle of the construction and the effect of the machine represented on
the annexed Drawings are the following:―
In a heating apparatus A, which is hermetically closed by distributing valves
and ordinary valves, there is air of atmospheric or a higher tension heated to a
sufficient high degree by bringing it in direct contact with a lighted combustible;
the air passes to and pushes against a water surface for depositing all the small
ashes, particles overthrown, and to produce a small quantity of water-steam.
This mixed hot air and overheated steam passes then into a large cylinder formed
by two cylinders B, B¹, of different sizes; at first it arrives under the small
piston C, and from here over the piston of a larger size C¹ joined to the first said
by a piston rod. The expanded gas and steam passes from here to the
condensator D, in which the steam under the influence of cooling water is
condensed to operate a diminishing of volume till the temperature of the
water.
.
The cooled gas is then aspirated under the large piston C¹ compressed by the
latter to atmospheric tension and then lanced outside. The air which becomes
necessary for the combustion and for the heating is aspirated above the piston C,
compressed and lanced into the closed oven to the upper and underside of the
turning grates. The furnishment of the oven with coals is operated in a
continual manner in its closed state by a special furnishing apparatus K.
The power exercised by the pistons C and C is transmitted by means of a
mechanism with a particular crank F, the shaft of the flywheel, whilst the entrance
and the outlet of the heated gas and steam described hereafter is operated by
means of a distributing valve mechanism.
This mechanism consists of a distributing valve and an expansion valve, which
works by the intermediary of exterior movement organs, namely, an excentric,
levers, end centrifugal regulator. This hot air machine consists essentially of two
principal parts:—
I. The heating apparatus (oven) A with the evaporating apparatus B.
I. THE HEATING APPARATUS.
This apparatus is represented in Figure 1 in a vertical section; it forms a
vertical placed oven closed hermetically by means of distributing valves, furnishing
door, and ashes door. In this oven A is constructed (see the Drawing), a furnace A¹
of firebricks isolated from the walls of the oven properly said. This furnace is
formed in its middle part, like a funnel a also fitted in fire bricks, which is
surrounded by an aunular and concentric formed space bin which the combustion of
the gas and the heating, of the air takes place. This combustion room b is
diminishing to its under end to an opening of rectangular section which corresponds
directly with the ash pit.
This opening is closed by the grates d. It consists of a certain number of iron
rings which are mounted upon a prismatic shaft d, and which corresponds with

page_text: the distances of the slides of the grate. In each of the annular slides enter two
pointed iron tenons g. These pointed tenons have for their purpose to scour the
slides of the grate from ashes and slags; for this purpose the shaft of the grates d
which depasses it passing through a stuffing box may be turned from time to time
by the workman, or it may be operated by mechanism. The said jointed tenons
are fixed to their place. The combustion room 6 communicates with the air
surrounding the furnace by means of a quantity of nozzles 6. These nozzles e by
acting the lever f¹, serve to operate a complete combustion of the gas and the
smoke by introducing the compressed air into the combustion space.
The coal furnishing apparatus consists of a distributing valves with its
movement mechanism s¹, and a coal receiver K which is joined to the cover of the
oven, closing hermetically upon the valve 8. The distributing valve s is provided
with an opening, the lower part of which is equal to that of the coal funnel a,
whilst the upper and smaller opening is equal to the opening K' of the funnel.
The latter is placed in such a way to the funnel opening, so that if the opening of
the distributing valve s communicates with the opening of the funnel, the
opening K¹ of the coal receiver K will be shut, and inverse.
The space passing through 8 in the valves is fitted alternately with coals,
according to the different positions (see Drawing full and dotted lines). The
movement of the distributing valve is operated by means of a rod and a crank
from the workman, or better by a transmission agent from the machine.
To remove from time to time the coal attached to the insides of the funnel a, is
applied a rod s³ pointed on its under end, which passes through a stuffing box till
near to the upper face of the grate.
Instead of the apparatus described here before, there may be employed also the
apparatus represented by Figures 3 and 4.
The apparatus represented in Figure 3 in a vertical section is a coal receiver
with valve door . There is an opening on its under end which can be shut from
a horizontally placed valve by means of a rod and hand wheel. The valve *
being opened, the opening of the coal receiver communicates with the entrance of
the funnel of the furnace a, and deposit in it its contents. The valve 1ª being shut
the valve door can be opened without losing gas and heat, and the receiver can
be filled again.
Figure 4 represents a similar arrangement; there is only the difference that there
is placed in lieu of the said valve a distributing sliding valve m which is operated
by a rod which passes to the outside of the receiver, traversing a stuffing box.
The air and gas circulation in the oven is operated in the following manner :-
The compressed air coming from the machine passes through the pipe q and
enters at q, circulates round the furnace A, and arrives through the grates d and
the nozzles e into the combustion space b. The heated gas passes from here through
the pipe o in the evaporizing apparatus B.
The evaporizing apparatus B is formed of a vertical placed and closed cylinder
which is in communication with the oven A. by means of the pipe o, the latter
being fitted with fire bricks. To this pipe o is adapted the pipe o¹, the inner sides
of which is provided with segmental formed ribs which reach nearly to the surface
of the water which covers the ground of the evaporizing apparatus B.
The heated gas pushes, if the machine works with vehemency, against the water-
face, and deposits in it all the particles of ashes and slag overthrown, and produces
a certain quantity of steam which circulates with the heated gases round the
tube o; it is here overheated, and passes then through the pipe work p to the
machine.
The vaporized water is replaced in the known manner by a furnishing pump
through the pipe y, which communicates through the branches y' and yª with the
evaporizing apparatus B. The water can be introduced to the upper or lower
part of the evaporator by a distributing pipe y³.
Water is introduced to the upper part if the oven is shut, and if a quantity of
steam is produced necessary to set the machine at work; the introduced

page_text: cylindrical expansion chamber r by the channel 1, and with the condensator D by
the channel 4.
The arrival at time of the heated gas under the piston C, its overflow in the
cylinder room above the piston C, and the passage of the expanded gas in the
condensator D are regularised by the distributing valve mechanism.
It consists of a piston valve i in a cylindrical hollow valve (expansion distributing
valve) K and the exterior movement organs, namely, the excentric with the
rod 1, the lever and shaft m and m', the expansion rod n, the regularizing levers o, o¹,
with the rod o³, and, finally, the centrifugal regulator s.
The distributing valve, of piston form, consists of two joined pistons, which
strokes closing to the walls in the distribution chamber h are brought in the
position I. and II. by the excentric, the lever m, and the traction bar i, so that
arrived in the position I. the gas arrives below the small piston C and passes in the
condensator B; in the position II. takes place the overflow of the heated gas of the
upper cylinder into the lower one.
The cylindrical hollow expansion valve K is represented in a transversal section
by Figure 2. Figure 6 represents a longitudinal section of it, following of the
Figure 2. It is destined to open and to shut periodically the channel 1; it is
provided also with a long side groove of a dimension equal to the section of the
channel 1. The expansion valve is opened at one end to operate (see Figure 6) the
arrival of the heated gas through the pipe p'and the cut-off valve p² (Figure 5) to
the interior of the valve; the other end of the valve is closed and provided centrally
with a shaft K¹ which reaches to the outside, passing through a stuffing. box. To
the end of this shaft are fitted the lever K and the prism K³ to operate a periodical
turning of the distributing valve.
The movement of the distributing and expansion valves, corresponding to the
different positions of the pistons C and C¹, is operated by the organs and corre-
sponding movement which consist in the following:-The function of an excentric
supported by the shaft of the fly wheel; the rod joined to the angular lever and
shaft m and m¹; the traction bar and the expansion rod n joined to the
distributing and expansion valves. The expansion valve is opened only periodically
by means of a splint n', which glides in a groove of the rod n; the upper end of
this splint seizes ascending under the lever K2 of the valve, opens it till the
lever K, according to sinus bow, glides alongside the piece n¹. The expansion
valve is then brought back to position I., closing the channel 1 by means of
two springs u which acts upon the prisms K³. The expansion rod n going down,
the splint n comes back by the operation of the passing horizontal lever K²,
and is advanced to its original position by the spring n³ directly after the upper
end of the splint arrives at a lower position at the under part of the horizontal
lever K³.
The opening more or less long time of the channel 1 by means of the expansion
valve, depends on the size of the primitive attacking of the splint n¹ under the
lever K. This size of the attack is regularized automatically according to the
celerity of the working of the machine by the regulator 8, because the rod 8¹ of the
regulator is in communication with the angular lever o, o¹, and this one by means
of the traction bar o' with the expansion rod n (see the Drawing).
There is operated this way a filling of the small cylinder with gas in a state
of tension regularised by the regulator, and depending on the force or power and
celerity developed by the machine.
In lieu of the valve mechanism specified there may be employed also, and so as
it has been represented in Figure 6, a distributing valve forined by a flat valve a,
and an expansion valve formed by a round valve b. The movement organs may be
the same as described herebefore, but the inner space of the valve chest must be
filled with compressed air which enters through the pipe at c, and which leaves for
entering into the heating apparatus through the aperture c', for holding cool the
valve and sliding faces in the meantime of the acting of the machine.

page_text: REGULATOR OF THE AIR AND STEAM TENSION.
The cylindrical chamber of the expansion valve is in communication with the
air pipe z (see the Drawing). In this branch pipe z is applied, directly above the
expansion valve, the cut-off valve 21, the central rod of which is joined to the small
piston. This piston works closing in a cylinder which is mounted upon the
air pipe q; it descends by the operation of a lever by means of a spring
mechanism. This pressure upon the piston is checked so that it corresponds to
the normal pressure in the machine accordingly to the section of the piston s².
Immediately the air tension in the machine becomes stronger than the normal
pressure the piston rises, and the valve 2¹ will be opened. Compressed air
enters immediately in the expansion chamber, and passes for so long a time, mixes
with the heated gas and steam in the machine till the gas and steam tension will
be reconducted to the normal tension.
The aspiration and the compression of the air and gas take place above the small
piston C and below the large piston C¹ by means of one or more suction valves a¹, b²,
and by one or more delivery valves a³, b³, which are applied to the covers of the
cylinder a and b.
The space or room in the cover above the suction valve a' and the space under
the delivery valve 6 communicate by the apertures (represented on the Drawing
in shadow lines) with the exterior air, but they are arranged at the same time so
that these apertures can be joined by a communication pipe in order that the
machine shall act like an air compression machine. In this case enters a part of
the compressed air into the oven, and the rest through the opened cut-off valve p³
into a reserved pipe work p to serve for other purposes, that is to say, to furnish
a machine placed separately. with compressed air.
The space above the delivery valve a² is in communication by the pipework q
with the heating apparatus, and the space below the suction valve b¹ communicates
with the condensator D.
The condensator is destined to condense the heated and expanded gas and steam
or vapours; it enters also periodically in communication with the space of the
cylinder above and below the piston C¹ by the channel 4 and the pipe 6³. The
condensator consists of a cylindrical reservoir in which are applied small ring
formed juxtaposed basins, so that the cooling water aspired through the pipe D¹
falls down in the form of cascades; this water leaves the apparatus automatically
by means of a fall pipe D³, or is sucked continually by a pump.
By means of this condensation of steam and the cooling of gas there is formed in
the condensator a more or less exact vacuum.
The permanent gas is aspirated by the suction valve b' under the large piston C¹
compressed to atmospheric tension, and driven out by the delivery valve b*.
The movement organs for the transmission of power consists of an angular driving
rod F, which is joined at the one end by means of the guide bar F with the piston
at the other end by means of the crank F with the shaft of the fly wheel (see the
Drawing). The bar F is managed by two guide bars F³. The latter turn at one
end around bolts fixed to the frame G; at the other end they are joined by bolts

page_text: spaces of the intermediary piece & behind the packing, so that it is squeezed by it
against the piston rod in the case that the packing becomes unsolid there would not
enter heated gas or vapours in the superior and inferior cylinder spaces, but it
would enter only relatively cool compressed air.
A twin machine is formed by putting up a second cylinder at an equal distance
from the flywheel shaft cushions, and by arranging the connecting rod in the shape
of 1 as represented by dots.
A twin machine is formed by putting up a second cylinder at an equal distance
from the flywheel shaft cushions, and by arranging the connecting rod in the shape
of 1 as represented by dots.
III SETTING TO WORK AND WORKING OF THE MACHINE.
1. As a hot air machine with a condensation of the gases.
The stove having been sufficiently heated at the opened ashes trap door 7¹ and
the secluding valve B³, the doors of the stover and r¹ and the secluding valve B³
are shut hermetically, then by pumping in a little water through the pipe y, so as
nuch steam is formed that in the heating apparatus a tension is produced sufficient
for the setting to run of the machine. After that the secluding valve p is opened and
the machine begins to work by, at the upstroke of the pistons C, C, the expanded
hot air and steam streaming through the canals 1 and 2 under the piston C', and by, at
the same time, compressing the air over the piston C and pushing it into the oven
through the pipe q, whilst the gases and steam over the piston C¹ are thrust off into
the condenser D and from it (as far as they are not condensed) by the opening
valve b' are sucked under the piston C.
At the down stroke of the pistons C, C¹, the hot gases stream through the
canals 2 and 3 over the large piston C, at the same time atmospheric air is sucked
through the valve a and the gases under the piston C are compressed up to
atmospheric tension, and by the valve 6 thrust off into the atmosphere. At the
continued working of the machine a correspondingly high vacuum is formed in the
condenser, and becomes conducive to the power of the mechanical effect of the
machine.
2. The working of the low pressure engine.
In consequence of the communication of the condenser D with the machine at n
sufficient vacuum, it can even then continue to work when the doors of the ovens r
and r¹ are opened. Thus in appropriate intervals the cleaning of the fire and the
removal of the dross can be effected without stopping the working of the machine
thereby.
3. The working of the machine with closed oven, and without condensing the gases.
For this case the condenser D and eventually also the lower cylinder cover b is
left out, and the expanded gases stream through the canal 4 and the annexed
conducting pipes directly into the atmosphere, or are led into the respective rooms
for drying purposes and even for kilning malt in breweries.
4. The working of the machine as apparatus for blowing or as air compression
machine with low tension of the compressed air.
In this case the working of the machine is as under 3. The condenser is left
out, and the open mouth under the compressing valve 62 by conducting pipes is
put into communication with the place of application of the compressed air, as, for
example, smelting furnace, air reservoir, air motor.
5. The working of the machine as high pressure compressor.
The working is as before, under 4, with the difference that the shaded marked
mouths under the compressing valve 6 and over the sucking valve a' in the upper
cylinder cover, are joined together by a pipe for communication. Then the
atmospheric air sucked in at b' is highly compressed in two stages, and part of this
compressed air streams into the oven for working the machine, and the remaining
part through the opened secluding valve p³ and the conducting pipes joined to it
for the working of distant machines that are to be worked with compressed air, as,
for example, air motors, direct working pumping machines driven by compressed
air, stone boring machines, steam hammers, cold air machines, electric light
machines, electro-dynamical and inagneto-electric machines, by means of which

page_text: eventually by wire-stream conductors, the power can be transferred on greater
distances.
6. The working of the machine as hot-air-blowing machine.
The working is as under 5, with the difference that all the compressed air goes
through the heating apparatus, accordingly the secluding valve p³ remains closed,
and to the canal 4 conducting pipes are screwed through, which hot air streaming
off with about 1 to 1 atmospheric tension is driven to its place of destination,
smelting furnace, etc. But in the case that this hot air is to remain free from
combustible gases the described oven is left out, and instead a tubular air heating
apparatus, similar to the well known wind heating apparatus for iron works, is
applied.
7. The working of the machine as a cold air machine.
In this case the machine remains as under 6, with the difference that the heating
apparatus is left out, and instead of it a wellknown air cooler is applied, into which by
a special air compression machine, so much compressed air is led that the represented
machine drives itself, in which case the expanded air correspondingly cooled down
is thrown out through the canal 4.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The represented hot-air-steam-machine in its entire combination, in which
in two centrally joined together unequally big cylinders B, B¹, and the condenser D
joined to these, a mixture of hot gases and steam expanding in two stages operate
on two pistons C, C', of unequal size, for the purpose of compressing air and
producing mechanical effect.
Secondly. In this machine,-
a. The arrangement of the condenser D, in which the steam is condensed and
the hot gases are cooled, by which means a space of dilated air is produced, by the
aid of which the machine can work as well with closed oven and high pressure of
air as also with opened oven at a pressure of atmosphere of the hot gases and
steam.
b. The distributing regulator for precision, influenced by the regulators and
dependent on the velocity of the machine, especially the apparatus for getting out
of the expansion-round-distributing valve by the rod n with the splint n².
c. The apparatus for regulating the tension and temperature of the hot gases by
introducing compressed air by means of the arrangement of the valvez and the
piston 2¹, firmly joined to it and charged, corresponding with the normal pressure of
the gases.
d. The arrangement of the secluding valve p³ for the purpose of conducting
farther the surplus compressed air for the working of distant air machines,
especially when the entire force of the machine in the way described is to be
employed in compressing air in two stages with the condenser omitted.
e. The arrangement of movement mechanism for the transmission of force of the
pistons by means of the angular connecting rod F and its conducting rods F³ on
the shaft of the flywheel F
Thirdly. The heating apparatus A with evaporator B and water reservoir W
in its entire arrangement, represented in Figure 1, communicating with the machine
for the purpose of heating air and forming steam; in the former, coals lying on a
turning grate g are burned by the flowing in of atmospheric or compressed air and
the combustible gases for the purpose of depositing the particles of ashes and slag,
and of forming steam flowing through the pipe o, o', and from there streaming
upwards through the pipe p are conducted to the machine.
Fourthly. In this heating apparatus,—
a. The rotating grate g in connection with the fixed between every two
neighbouring grate rings projecting tenons, for the purpose of keeping clean the
slides of the grate.
b. The nozzles e placed in the combustion room 6 for the purpose of burning

page_text: smoke and gas, the mouths of the former being able to be closed and opened at will
by means of a concentric distributing valve f and handle f'.
c. The evaporator B joined to the oven A. In the former, through the pipe o,
the hot gases are led on the water being in the room B¹, in order to deposit in
it the particles of ashes and slag, and to form a corresponding quantity of steam.
d. The funnel shaped ring placed in the water-room B³, represented in Figure 7,
displaceable by the screw th in order to regulate the surface of the water touched
by the hot gases, and at the same time the evaporation.
e. The water reservoir W, communicating with the evaporator B by conducting
pipes and two cocks, for the purpose, with the water in the former and the warmth to
the gathered in it, to regulate as much as possible the tension of the gases and steam
in the beating apparatus, and after a short stoppage of the machine to restore
immediately by opening the cock w the tension necessary for setting the machine in
.motion.
f. The conducting pipes y, y', y³, in their function by pumping of water on
the girth-ribs of the pipe o¹, after proceeding lighting of the oven to produce
in the latter the tension for setting the machine in motion and during the working
of it to replace the water evaporating in the water-room B' and the 'water
reservoir W.
In witness whereof, I, the said Vicente Calixto Haurie, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of January, in the year. of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.