IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH, APPLICABLE ALSO TO SIZINGS AND WATER- PROOFINGS FOR TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Zingler, of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize
Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH, APPLICABLE ALSO TO SIZINGS AND WATER-
PROOFINGS FOR TEXTILE FABRICS."
Sealed the 12th April 1876, and dated the 19th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Zingler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1876.
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH, APPLICABLE ALSO
TO SIZINGS AND WATERPROOFINGS FOR TEXTILE FABRICS."
In my former Patents relating to the above, dated 9th April 1874, No. 1239,
and 30th October 1874, No. 3758, I state that I dissolve copal gums by means of a
compound liquid consisting of one part of bisulphide of carbon, one part benzol, one
part turpentine, and two parts methylated spirits, and that from the dissolved
gums after evaporation I make different varnishes by adding the necessary spirits,
drying or non-drying oils or eupion.
I have made the following improvements by which I obtain a better and cheaper
material-Having powdered the hard or soft gums I thoroughly masticate same
with acetic acid, and leave same in that state for 24 hours or longer in an open
vessel, so that the air can act thereupon. I then apply slow heat and stir
thoroughly until the whole acetic acid is evaporated and the powdered gum
assumes a hard mass. I then powder again and masticate in a closed vessel with
methylated or other spirit until same assumes a semi-liquid condition.
Instead of methylated spirit I may also use any other spirit or mineral or
vegetable naptha, or eupion, or fusel oil, but none of these liquids make so good a
varnish. I then entirely dissolve it to any consistency it may be required by
adding a liquid which I have previously prepared, and which I call camphoric
terebinthicum.
prepare it in the following manner:-To a flat open vessel filled with oil of
turpentine and containing a certain quantity of camphor I apply slow heat. To
the vessel a stirrer may be applied. The operation may continue a few hours
or longer. The liquid is then left exposed to the air for several days until one-
third or one-half of it is evaporated.

page_text: Having entirely dissolved the gum with this camphoric terebinthicum which
presents a milky appearance, I clear it with a very small quantity of any of the
spirits mentioned above; a spirit varnish is produced by adding more spirits;
an oil varnish by adding any of the oleaginous matters, drying or non-drying oil,
mineral, vegetable, or animal oils, or eupion, or any of the crude or distilled
mineral or vegetable tar oils.
With some kinds of hard gums, such as Zanzibar, I vary the process first above
described by repeating the mastication with acetic acids before using the slow heat
process above described, and instead of methylated spirit I masticate same with my
Patented liquid, which I then evaporate and then dissolve with camphoric
terebinthicum.
I may also use in lieu of acetic acid in process first above described nitrous acids
diluted, or oil of amyl, but in either case the quality of the gum is impaired for
varnish purposes, and the washing out of the nitrous acid is laborious.
In lieu of camphoric terebinthicum I may also use my patent compound liquid,
entirely or partially, i.e., either benzol with methylated spirits, or only the two
latter spirits, or any of the napthaline spirits, or eupion, and so forth.
Sizings and waterproofings are prepared similarly to what is above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Maximilian Zingler in the Great Seal Patent Office, on the 19th July
1876.
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER, of 19, Buckland Crescent, Belsize Park, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARNISH, APPLICABLE ALSO
TO SIZINGS AND WATERPROOFINGS FOR TEXTILE FABRICS."
In my former Patents relating to the above (dated Thirtieth October One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four, No. 3758, and Eighth April One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five, No. 1276), I state that I dissolve copal gums by means
of a compound liquid, consisting of one part bisulphide of carbon, one part benzol,
one part turpentine, and two parts or more methylated spirits, and that from the
dissolved gums after evaporation I make different varnishes by adding the necessary
spirits, drying or non-drying oils, or eupion.
I have made the following improvements by which I obtain a better material :-
Having powdered the hard or soft gums I thorougly macerate same with acetic
acid, say from fifteen to twenty per cent. or more, and leave same in that state for
twenty-four hours or longer. I then apply slow heat or hot steam, and stir
thoroughly until the whole acetic acid is evaporated and the powdered gum assumes
a hard mass, or I wash it out with water and soda or other alkali. I then powder
again and macerate in a closed vessel with methylated or other spirit, say at sixty-
four or more over proof until same assumes a semi-liquid condition.
Instead of methylated spirit I may also use any other spirit or mineral or
vegetable naptha, or eupion, or fusil oil, but none of these liquids make so good a
varnish. I then entirely dissolve it to any consistency that may be required by
adding a liquid which I have previously prepared and which I call " camphoric
terebinthicum." Or to make my varnish, manilla, kawrie, angola, and other
copal gums can be dissolved without the use of either acetic acid or methylated
spirits, by two or three parts of " camphoric terebinthicum," and one part of oleac
acid.
"
The "camphoric terebinthicum I prepare in the following manner :-To a flat,
open, or other shaped vessel filled with oil of turpentine, and containing from
fifteen to twenty-five per cent. of camphor, I apply slow heat up to one hundred
and fifty or one hundred and seventy degrees Fahrenheit, or even more,
for two
bours or longer. To the vessel a stirrer or other suitable implement may be
applied. The liquid is then left exposed to the air for several days, until one-third
or one-half of it is evaporated.

page_text: By another process of preparation by working it in a closed vessel, a current of
air is to be passed through the same for twenty hours or more. The temperature can
be increased, and in this case I can also diminish the quantity of camphor.
Having entirely dissolved the gum with this "camphoric terebinthicum" which
presents a milky appearance, I clear it with a very small quantity of any of the
spirits or cupion mentioned above. A spirit varnish is produced by adding more
spirits; an oil varnish by adding any of the oleaginous matters, drying or non-
drying oils, mineral, vegetable, or animal oils, or eupion, or any of the crude or
distilled mineral or vegetable tar oils.
In using linseed oil I get rid of the mucilage or impurities of the oil by any
convenient process.
With some kinds of harder gums, such as Zanzibar, I vary the process first above
described by adding a small quantity thereto of some alkali, sal ammoniac, or
carbolic acid, and leave it for some time until the gum is entirely dissolved. In
using the latter I work it up with either turpentine or camphorie terebinthicum."
I then make a varnish by adding camphoric terebinthicum or oils, or any of the
oleaginous matters above described to the consistency required.
"
I may also use in process first above described in lieu of acetic acid (which is not
absolutely necessary for dissolving the softer kinds of copal gum, and therefore can
be dispensed with) nitrous acid diluted or oil of amyl, but in either case the quality
of the gums is impaired for varnish purposes, and the washing out of the nitrous
acid is laborious.
In lieu of camphoric terebinthicum I may also use any patent compound
liquid entirely or partially, i.c., either benzole with methylated spirits, or only the
two latter spirits; or any of the napthaline spirits or eupion, and so forth, for the
purpose of dissolving the gums.
Sizings and waterproofings are prepared similarly to what is above described,
but before sizing or waterproofing any textile fabrics, I, if desired, treat them
with alum and baryta, five per cent. of the former and five per cent. of the latter to
one hundred parts of water, in which the textile fabric is boiled for half an hour.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, I hereby declare that I claim the Invention of "Improvements in the manu-
facture of Varnish, Applicable also to Sizings and Waterproofings for Textile
Fabrics," substantially as same is herein-before set forth and described, in which
ths following are important and peculiar features,―
1. The using of acetic acid by which the gums are partially bleached, and
whereby I get rid of the calcareous matter adhering to the gum, and the gloss is
increased.
2. The preparing and using the liquid of camphoric terebinthicum by which
(in combination with spirits or non-drying oils, such as oleac acid or castor oil), I
am enabled to dissolve the resinous material without heat, and obtain a resinous
oil by which the smearing qualities of the varnish are enhanced.
3. The whole of the herein described process of preparing varnish without heat,
and thereby improving and facilitating the manufacturing of the same.
In witness whereof I, the said Maximilian Zingler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
MAXIMILIAN ZINGLER. (L.S.)