IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS AND FITTINGS FOR EFFECTING AND FACILI TATING THE STEERING AND PROPULSION OF VESSELS, PARTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maximilian Stanislaus Hassfeld, of London Wall, in
the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS AND FITTINGS FOR EFFECTING AND FACILI
TATING THE STEERING AND PROPULSION OF VESSELS, PARTS WHEREOF ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES." A communication from abroad by
Jacob Joachim Kunstädter, of Budapest, in the Kingdom of Hungarv.
Sealed the 21st March 1879, and dated the 22nd October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maximilian Stanislaus
Hassfeld at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd October
1878.
MAXIMILIAN STANISLAUS HASSFELD, of London Wall, in the City of London,
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS AND FITTINGS
FOR EFFECTING AND FACILITATING THE STEERING AND PROPULSION OF VESSELS,
PARTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Jacob Joachim Kunstädter, of Budapest, in the Kingdom of Hungary.
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon Letters Patent bearing
date the 13th day of June, 1877, No. 2294, granted to the said Jacob Joachim
Kunstädter, the Specification whereof describes certain improved apparatus for
effecting the steering of vessels and facilitating the propulsion thereof by means
of a screw propeller mounted in the rudder of the vessel, or in a swinging framework
having a rudder-like motion, the outer portion of the shaft carrying the steering
screw propeller being connected to the main propelling shaft by means of a universal
joint constructed for the purpose of strength, and ready fitting, and for the jointing
of the fork-coupling pieces on or to the forked end or ends of the shafts to be coupled,
and device and means were detailed and specified whereby this mode of steering
might be practically effected and applied to screw-propelled vessels of different
classes, and also as auxiliary propeller to paddle boats and sailing vessels.
1031

page_text: Now the objects of this present Invention are particularly novel and improved
construction, fitting, and application of joints and means for relieving the coupling
joint from the "end thrust" of the steering propeller, both in the propelling action
and in reversing, and generally-means-or-apparatus-for-facilitating or effecting the
practical application of the said screw-steering device.
It may be remarked that there have from time to time been proposed, and that
previously to the said former Patent of the said Jacob Joachim Kunstädter, certain
arrangements of apparatus for employment of a screw propeller for the purpose of
steering, but the insufficiency or inherent intricacy, unwieldliness, and inaccessibility
of the fittings or a combination of these defects have precluded the adoption of
such devices. Now, in order to the successful application of a steering screw pro-
peller the following-essential conditions have to be observed, particularly in the case
of large vessels, that is to say-(1.) That the apparatus for actuating the swivelling
screw-steering propeller must be simple and readily applicable to the existing
machinery, that is, directly applicable to the main propeller shaft in the case of that
class of vessels, and that without increasing the strain upon and the liability of
derangement of the main propelling device. (2.) Toothed or bevil gearing must be
avoided, or rather absolutely discarded, as being too cumbersome and complicated,
and further, that such is liable from wave or other sudden shock to dislocation or
injury by "ripping out" of the teeth of such gearing. (3.) A ball-and-socket
jointing of the main propelling shaft with the steering screw shaft must be avoided
and discarded as too cumbersome and presenting too great friction within the joint,
and the consequent certainty of such jointing. working loose and becoming rapidly
worn and inoperative. (4.) That a link joint is also, and for the same reason as a
ball-and-socket jointing, to be discarded. (5.) That a universal jointing for the
shaft is essential, and that the same shall be simple, readily accessible for repairs,
and capable of being constructed of any desired strength by simply increasing the
dimensions of the parts to withstand the torsional and lateral strain consequent
upon the rotatory propelling action, and in addition to overcome the application of
any sudden strain consequent upon any impediment, such as wreckage, floatsom, or
jetsom, which would tend to effect the clogging of the parts and the sudden change
of direction consequent upon and necessary for the steering, that is to say, the
swivelling action. (6.) That the pivotings or points of resistance of the joint shall
be such that whilst allowing of or providing for the ready application and fitting of
the joint and coupling they shall have a common centre or intersecting lines of
centre of action, so that the strain shall be equally divided between and be simulta-
neously borne by the four joint studs, and that a firm locking of the inner ends of
the pivots of the joint nut be provided so as to prevent the said pivots from working
loose or turning in the nut.
(7.) That provision be made for relieving the universal joint constructed upon
such principles from the "end thrust" of the steering screw propeller shaft.
(8.) That the bearings of the framing within which the steering screw propeller and
its shaft works and is mounted-shall-be-of-requisite strength and adequate fitting
for carrying the said screw propeller and receiving the "end thrust" thereof, and
also that provision be made for receiving the thrust of the screw when the propelling
action is reversed. And (9.) that the arms of the double-eyed fork coupling pieces
or forked ends on or of the shafts, otherwise called double-eyed shafts, to be coupled
shall not require to be tampered with by reheating, opening, and re-adjustment for
the purpose of fitting to studs of the joint nut by opening and again closing them,
nor shall it be necessary or requisite that the forks be divided for the purpose of
fitting to studs of the joint nut by opening and again closing them, nor shall it be
necessary or requisite that the forks be divided for the purpose of adjustment, in
short, that the fork pieces or double eyed shafts as forged shall not require to be
tampered with after having been wrought, that is, it is necessary that the holes or
eyes in the extremities of the said fork pieces shall exactly fit the pins or studs of
the joint nut or centre part, so as not to allow of any play but that of turning of
said holes or eyes of the double-eyed fork pieces upon the pins or studs of the nut of

page_text: the joint, and that the said pins or studs shall be so fitted into the joint nut so as
to secure these conditions.
As one form of improved joint there are employed two studs or pivot pieces,
which are centrally thereof cut away through half their thickness, so as when laid
together crosswise they shall form an interlocking arrangement of four pivots, studs,
or arms.. These interlocking pivot pieces are passed through the holes or eyes at
the extremities of the adjacent double-eyed forks of the shafts to be coupled, and
plates grooved at right angles correspondingly to the interlocking joint pins are
provided which are to be bolted together upon and to secure the interlocking pivot
picces between said plates, and thus a joint is formed fulfilling the conditions above
set forth.
According to a modification the joint is constructed as follows:-
The four pins of the joint are made dovetail in shape at the inner ends, and plates
are provided recessed on the faces thereof for the reception of the dovetailed portions
of the said studs, and then the plates are to be bolted together. The centre of the
joint nut plates thus formed will be drilled out, and then a bolt or screw will be
inserted, and by the use of two bevil-edged nut plates or washers, square or other-
wise, acting upon bevilled edges of the dovetail ends of the joint pins the said joint
pins will be tightly jammed into the recesses of the joint plates so as to prevent
any working loose of the parts. In fitting this joint nut to the double-eyed. fork
ends of the shafts to be coupled the said forked ends will have holes or eyes formed
therein to fit exactly the studs of the joint nut, and these studs will be introduced
into the said holes or eyes in the fork ends and be "seated therein.
"
.The joint plates, which will have been previously fitted and made true, will now.
be placed in position to receive the dovetail ends of the joint pins, and the said:
joint plates will be bolted together, thus making a secure and perfect jointing of the
fork ends of the propelling and steering screw shafts as is requisite, and without any
opening of or tampering with the said double-eyed forks after their having been
forged and prepared. These joints may be enclosed in globular casings bolted
together, and one working within the other, so as to form a continuous covering of
the joint, within which a supply of lubricant or solid grease, such as tallow, alone
or in mixture with oil, is to be supplied, and which can be replenished from time to
time as may be necessary by injection through a groove and perforation or tube in
the shaft so as to provide an efficient lubrication of the parts or joints working
within the casing.
Again, according to another arrangement, the joint is constructed with pins
screwed and grooved at and on their inner ends to take into tapped holes at
opposite sides of the joint nut,, and with a straight pin passing through the nut,
which is keyed into the nut and then pinned therein so as to prevent the turning
of the pins.
Again, the propeller may be constructed with the joint working within the
boss thereof and this especially for small craft, and consists of a hollow boss with a
shaft projecting from the end or face thereof, within which boss is a ring piece
which forms the connections or nut of the joint; the blades of the propeller are
forined with a shank part which is screwed for a portion of the length of said shank
and then made plain to take into the hollow boss at right angles to the projecting
shaft and so that the plain part of said shanks of the propeller blades shall take
into holes in the ring.
•
The ring piece is first to be secured or pinned to the end of the propelling shaft
or end cap secured thereto so as to be free to be turned thereupon and within the
hollow boss of the screw; thus there will be first the action of turning of the ring
on the pin of the propelling shaft, and second the action of turning of the ring
on the studs of the propeller blades. Then on the boss of the screw is to be screwed
curved piece or cap with a hole or opening sufficient for the play of the shaft in
urning from right to left in steering, and on the shaft is bolted a corresponding
urved cap to cover the hole or work within or outside of the hollow boss; thus
within the boss of the propeller is the universal joint which is covered by the cap

page_text: piece, and within this is to be contained the lubricant, injected through the groove
and hole of shaft from time to time, as is desired, and so the whole working parts
are continually working within the lubricant and enclosed to prevent the action of
the water thereon.
For the purpose of taking the "end thrust" off the universal joint or propeller 5
boss the steering screw shaft is fitted with thrust bearings consisting of a collar piece
or pieces contained within the bearing glands fitted in the bushes in the rudder or
turning framing containing or carrying the shafts of the steering screw, said
collar piece or pieces being thrust blocks therefor, and secured in the said glands
-by-end box plates and screws, and further on the outside of the steering screw pro- 1
peller shaft is turned a screw thread for the reception of two outside nuts, the outer
of-which nuts will be pinned on the shaft and the inner of the two nuts will bear
against the glands or bearings on the rudder or steering framing carrying the
steering screw shaft.
In fitting up the apparatus the stern post of the various classes of vessels has to
be altered for the purpose of working and fitting of the universal joint for the pur-
pose of a steering screw device, a special bearing is necessary and is constructed as
follows: A circular hoop portion with a backward extending semicircular part is
provided within which the shaft is received and said shaft is fitted with collar
pieces working within the same, and a semicircular cap portion is there bolted upon
the said backward extending semicircular part and so is formed a bearing for the
joint pieces secured to the propelling fork portion of the shaft when the steering
propeller is fitted outside the swivelling framing or rudder; provision is likewise
made for taking the "end thrust" off the joint both in forward action and in
reversing.
In the framing fitted with the circular guide and guide block described in the
Specification of the said former Patent before referred to, the guide block is to be
formed so as to receive the thrust collars of the said outer extremity of the shafts, or
with additional thrust collars by fitting the said traversing block with gland portions
and bushes and the shaft with thrust block or collars, and enclosing the same with
or by means of an end plate enclosing and securing the thrust blocks or collars
within the guide block.
When fitted to rowing boats the rudder is to be or may be actuated by pedals
worked by the feet or by ordinary tiller ropes, and the screw is to be actuated by
any desirable means for communicating rotation thereto.
In the case of screw-propelled vessels to be fitted with this improved screw
steering device and where the shaft does not project through the stern post it
would be dangerous and otherwise undesirable or impossible for considerations of
safety and stability to cut away the stern post or to interfere with the bearings of
the outer end of the main propelling shaft to allow of the fixing and working of the
joint; therefore the steering screw framing is to be fitted so that the vertical turning
axis of the rudder framing and joint stands outside the stern post sufficiently for to
allow of the working.of.the.universal-joint-and a second-or auxiliary propeller shaft;
bearings and glands will be fitted passing through the stern post for propelling the
steering screw. This supplementary shaft will be driven by gearing off the main
propelling shaft or otherwise by donkey engine as convenient.
When necessary or desirable to provide against possible clogging or injury to the
joint a grid or screen may be fitted upon the vessel and projecting outwards and
backwards so as to act as a guard or "catcher" to divert or repel any object that
might otherwise find its way into or to the joint.
" race
When two screws are employed, in order that the second screw, i.c., the steering
screw, may not "drag" or the said screw is broadly speaking to be of coarser
pitch than the main screw, and this difference of pitch is to be decided by the
difference between the dimensions of the two screws, the pitch of the rudder screw
being coarser in a proportion ascertained by calculations based upon experimental
data. If but one screw is used the dimensions will be as usual.
The joints or couplings consisting of the double eyed forks and nut or joint piece

page_text: and pivots as herein described, and as described in Kunstädter's former Specification,
may be employed for various useful purposes as a joint or coupling wherein it is
desired to couple or connect shafts or parts having a rotatory motion, or to which a
rotatory motion is to be communicated, or shafts or parts working at an angle to each
other or having a changing degree of angle in reference to each other, and to which
rotatory motion or otherwise is to be communicated, such as for instance, the coupling
of shafting in shops or mills, or for driving or actuating drills as in rock-boring
apparatus.
"
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Maximilian Stanislaus Hassfeld in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd April 1879.
MAXIMILIAN STANISLAUS HASSFELD, of London Wall, in the City of London,
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO APPARATUS AND FITTINGS
FOR EFFECTING AND FACILITATING THE STEERING AND PROPULSION OF VESSELS,
PARTS WHEREOF ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES." A communication from
abroad by Jacob Joachim Kunstädter, of Budapest, in the Kingdom of
Hungary.
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon Letters Patent bearing date.
the 13th day of June 1877, No. 2294, granted to the said Jacob Joachim.
Kunstädter, the Specification whereof describes certain improved apparatus for
effecting the steering of vessels and facilitating the propulsion thereof by means of a:
screw propeller mounted in the rudder of the vessel or in a swinging framework
having a rudder-like motion, the outer portion of the shaft carrying the steering.
screw propeller being connected to the main propelling shaft by means of a universal
joint constructed for the purpose of strength and ready fitting and for the jointing:
of the fork coupling pieces on or to the forked end or ends of the shafts to be coupled
and means and device were detailed and specified whereby this mode of steering
might be practically effected and applied to screw propelled vessels of different
classes and also as auxiliary propeller to paddle boats and sailing vessels.
Now the objects of this present Invention are particularly novel and improved.
construction, fitting, and application of joints and means for relieving the coupling
joint from the end thrust" of the steering propeller and backward thrust or drag
when the screw is reversed, and generally means or apparatus for facilitating or
effecting the practical application of the said screw-steering device.
It may be remarked that there has from time to time been proposed, and that
previously to the said former Patent of the said Jacob Joachim Kunstädter certain.
arrangements of apparatus for employment of a screw propeller for the purpose of
steering, but the insufficiency or inherent intricacy, unwieldliness and inaccessibility
of the fittings, or a combination of these defects, have precluded the adoption of:
such devices. Now in order to the successful application of a steering screw pro-i

page_text: peller the following essential conditions have to be observed, particularly in the case.
of large vessels, that is to say :-(1) That the apparatus for actuating the swivelling.
screw-steering propeller must be simple and readily applicable to the existing
machinery, that is; directly applicable-to-the-main-propeller-shaft.in the case of that
class of vessels, and that without increasing-the strain upon and the liability of
derangement of the main propelling device. (2.) Toothed or bevil-gearing must be
-avoided, or rather absolutely discarded; as being too cumbersome and complicated,
and further that such is liable, from wave or other sudden shock, to dislocation or
-injury-by ripping "out" of the teeth of such gearing. (3.) A ball-and-socket
jointing of the main propelling shaft with the steering screw shaft must be avoided
and discarded as too cumbersome and presenting too great friction within the joint,
and the consequent certainty.of-such-jointing-working loose and becoming rapidly
worn and inoperative. (4.) That a link joint is also and for the same reason as a
ball-and-socket jointing to be discarded. (5.) That a universal jointing for the
shaft is essential and that the same shall be simple, readily accessible for repairs,
and capable of being constructed of any desired strength. by simply increasing the
dimensions of the parts to withstand the torsional and lateral strain consequent
upon the rotary propelling action and in addition to overcome the application of
any sudden strain consequent upon any impediment, such as wreckage, floatsam, or
jetsam, which would tend to effect the clogging of the parts and the sudden change
of direction consequent upon and necessary for the steering, that is to say, the
swivelling action. (6.) That the pivotings or points of resistance of the joint shall
be so constructed that whilst allowing of or providing for the ready application and
fitting of the joint and coupling they shall have a common centre or intersecting
lines of centre of action, so that the strain shall be equally divided between and be
simultaneously borne by the four joint studs, and that a firm locking of the inner
ends of the pivots of the joint nut be provided so as to prevent the said pivots from
working loose or turning in the block or nut. (7.) That provision be made for re-
lieving the universal joint constructed upon such principles from the "end thrust "
of the steering screw propeller shaft. (8.) That the bearings of the framing upon
or within which the steering screw propeller and its shaft works and is mounted
shall be of requisite strength and adequate fitting for carrying the said screw pro-
peller and receiving the "end thrust" thereof, and also that provision be made for
receiving the thrust of the screw when the propelling action is reversed. And (9.)
that the arms of the double-eyed fork coupling pieces or forked ends on or of
the shafts, otherwise called double-eyed shafts, to be be coupled shall not require to
be tampered with by reheating and opening the forks and re-adjustment for the
purpose of fitting to the studs of the joint nut by opening and again closing them,
nor shall it be necessary or requisite that the forks be divided for the purpose of
adjustment, in short, that the fork pieces or double-eyed shafts as forged shall not
require to be tampered with after having been wrought, that is it is necessary that
the holes or eyes in the extremities of the said fork pieces shall exactly fit the pins
or studs of the joint nut or centre part so as not to allow of any play but that of
turning of said holes or eyes of the double-eyed fork pieces upon the pins or the
studs of the nut or block of the joint, and that the said pins or studs shall be so fitted
into the joint nut as to secure these conditions.
In order that the Invention may be clearly understood there is annexed hereto 3
Sheets of Drawings, to which reference is made by figures and letters in the
following particular description.
Fig. 1 represents in side elevation screw steering apparatus fitted according to
this Invention, the steering screw being mounted on the outside of the rudder
frame..
Fig. 2, vertical section showing construction and fitting of gearing.
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan at line a, b, of Fig. 1; Fig. 4, view of rudder post from
right-hand side of Fig. 1; Fig. 5, a similar view of the bearing in the rudder frame
in which the rudder scraw.shaft works and is carried:

page_text: Fig. 6 represents in vertical longitudinal section the apparatus as shown in Figs.
1 to 5, with slight modification of fitting.
Fig. 6a, end view partly in section at line c, d, Fig. 6; Fig. 6b, section at e, fƒ;
Fig. 6c, section at g, h; Fig. 6d, view of end plate of the bearing on rudder post
of the double-eyed fork of the main shaft, whereof Fig. Go is section.
Fig. 7 represents the apparatus Fig. 6 in side elevation.
Fig. 8 represents in elevation the screw steering propeller. as fitted to smaller
craft, such as yachts and boats; Fig. Sa is a view on rear side of rudder post,
showing lignum vitae bearing and outside ring; Fig. 8b, section at line i, k, of Fig.
8, and Fig. 8c, section at line l, m.
Fig. 9 represents a modified arrangement of apparatus.
Fig. 10 a further modification, and with the steering screw within the rudder.
Fig. 11 represents the fitting of steering screw within the rudder with thrust
bearings on the outer end of the rudder screw shaft.
Figs. 12 and 12 are plan and section respectively of a construction of joint nut
or block and pivots for effecting a universal jointing of the forked ends of the main
and steering propeller shafts.
Figs. 13 and 13ª are like views of a modification of construction of the joint nut
or block and pivots; Figs. 14 and 14ª are like views of a further modification of
the joint nut or block and pivots.
Fig. 15 represents the jointed double-eyed forked ends of the adjacent shafts
coupled by the joint and pivots, and the whole enclosed in a glandular or globular
casing.
Fig. 16 represents the fitting for a certain construction of propeller for steering
purposes, with thrust bearings for the outer steering propeller shaft and globular
casing.
In Figs. 1 to 7, A is the stern frame of the vessel, said stern frame being of
wrought iron; B is the rudder or swivelling frame, also of wrought iron, and
fitted in with wood at B2, said rudder or frame being properly mounted upon
bearings A and pins B2 as shown; C is the main propeller shaft; C₁ represents.
the boss of the main propeller; D is the steering screw shaft, and D' is the steering
screw boss. The rudder screw shown is a two-bladed one, but any form of screw
inay be employed.
STERN FRAME AND STERN FRAME BEARING.
The stern frame post has a piece cut out of it opposite the end of the propeller
shaft and a wrought-iron clasp bracket bearing E, as shown upon the Drawings, is
fitted tight on the stern frame, and rivetted or screwed and keyed in position. This
bracket E has two bosses A¹, as shown, projecting beyond the outer post and bored
out vertically and lined with metal bushes to suit the rudder pins B2, the said two
bosses A' being in horizontal, perfectly semicircular throughout their length, con-
centric with the holes and pins B² therein, so that the rudder frame may fit properly
to the outside of the bosses.
The portions of the clasp bracket E forward (that is, to the right hand of the
Drawings) of the stern post to be bored out and fitted with lignum vitae at E¹ to
suit the shaft.
The projections or bosses A' being forged on said bracket E to suit rudder
bosses B³.
RUDDER FRAME
The rudder frame B and head B is forged in one piece, as shown, and has a
centre boss B bored out centrally. The rudder has bosses B³ forged, on which
must be bored (in a straight line with the step pin B5 and head B₁), and bushed
with gun or other metal bushes, bored to receive the pins B³, the recessed portion
between each pair of bosses B³ to be made circular in horizontal section to fit the

page_text: by bolts or rivets B fitted with lock plates, as shown. The rudder stops B7 are
forged or rivetted on the rudder frame to determine the angle of inclination to.
which the rudder-frame-may-ba-turned..
STEERING PROPELLER, SHAFTING, AND JOINTING.
"The shafts C and D are of wrought iron, each shaft fitted with its double eye or
fork F, and forged in one piece, the eyes F¹ being bored and bushed with metal
bushes bored out to receive the studs or -pivots G of the joint nut or block G,
bored and screwed as in Fig. 2, and having steel pins G¹ screwed tight into it, and
-locked-so.as.to prevent their turning by the centre locking screw G2; the projecting
portions of each pin G' may or may not be bushed-with-gun metal_to_fit the holes
in two double-eyed shafts, according to whether said holes are bushed or not. In
The centre of all
Fig. 2 they are shown bushed, but not so the pins in Fig. 6.
these four pins are to be perfectly in line at right angles with each other, and in
the same line vertically with rudder pins B², when the rudder is amidships,
that is, in a directly longitudinal direction. The forward or main shaft fork F
beyond the double eye is shown cased with metal where it works in the lignum
vitae lining E' of the clasp bracket bearing E, the forward end being bored, screwed,
and secured to fit tightly and suit the screwed end of the main driving propeller
shaft C, and to have two keys E let into the main shaft fork F and end of main
propeller boss C, as shown in the Drawing, to secure them against getting loose.
The outermost shaft D beyond the double eye is shown cased with metal where
it works in the rudder boss B, which is lined with lignum vitae, as is clearly
shown in Figs: 2 and 5, and 6, 6ª, and 6b. The back part H of the double eye or
fork forms a thrust collar to take the thrust when going astern, that is, when
the screw is reversed, the forward thrust being taken by a collar I secured upon a
metal lining piece within the centre boss B' of the rudder frame B between the
said rudder frame B and steering propeller boss D¹. The shaft end D2 is tapered
to fit the boring of the propeller boss, and screwed at its outer end to receive a
nut K with stop pin or key K', all as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 6.
The steering propeller is secured to shaft D2 by a fore-and-aft key D³ and the
screwed nut K, and may be set in same line with the driving propeller, as shown.
The projecting toe piece B8 on the rudder foot, Fig. 1, acts as a guard to protect
the rudder screw from striking the ground or other likelyhood. of damage.
In Figs. 8 to Sc, and 9 and 10, the parts similar to those shown in Figs. 1 to 7
are marked with similar letters of reference, and further description will not be
necessary, as the difference in form of the stern post in various vessels will require
certain merely mechanical alteration for fitting of the rudder post, which will be
obvious to and be applied by any practical man acquainted with the art when
aided by this Specification and for applying the Invention.
In Figs. 12-and-120.is-represented an improved joint, wherein is employed two
studs or pivot pieces G¹, which are centrally thereof cut away through half-their
thickness, so as when laid together crosswise, as is clearly shown in Fig. 12ª, they
shall form an interlocking arrangement of four pivots, studs, or arms G'. These
interlocking pivot pieces are passed through the holes at the extremities of the
adjacent forks of the shafts. to be coupled, and plates G, grooved at right angles
correspondingly to the interlocking joint pins, are provided, which plates G are to
be bolted together upon and to secure the interlocking pivot pieces between said
plates, and thus a joint is formed fulfilling the conditions above set forth, as
requisite.
According to a modification shown in Figs. 13 and 13ª the joint is constructed
as follows: The four stud pieces G¹ of the joint are made dovetail in shape at
their inner ends, as shown, and plates G are provided recessed on the faces thereof
for the reception of the dovetailed portions of the said stud pieces, and then the
plates are to be bolted together: The centre of the joint nut plates thus formed

page_text: will be drilled out, and then a bolt or screw will be inserted, and by the use of
two square bevil edged nut plates G³ or washers, acting by reason of the centre
locking stud G2 upon the bevilled edges of the inner dovetail ends of the joint
pins G¹, the said joint pins will be tightly jammed into the recesses of the joint
plates G, so as to prevent any "working loose" of the parts. In fitting this
joint nut to the fork ends of the shafts to be coupled the said fork ends will have
holes or eyes formed therein to fit exactly the studs of the joint nut or block, and
these studs will be introduced into the said holes in the fork ends and be seated
therein. The joint plates G, which will have been previously fitted and made truc,
will now be placed in position to receive the dovetail ends of the joint pins G¹, and
the said joint plates G will be bolted together and locked, thus making a secure
and perfect jointing of the fork ends of the propelling and steering screw shafts, as
is requisite, and without any opening of or tampering with the said forks after
their having been forged and prepared.
Again, according to another arrangement, Figs. 14 and 14ª, the joint is con-
structed with pins G₁ screwed and grooved at and on their inner ends to take into
tapped holes at opposite sides of the joint nut G, which is solid in this case, and
with a straight pin marked G1, G2, passing through the nut G, which pin is keyed
into the nut and pinned therein, so as to prevent the turning of the pins, as is
clearly shown by the said Figures of the Drawings.
These joints may be enclosed in globular casings, as shown at L, Fig. 15, bolted
together and one working within the other, so as to form a continuous covering of
the joint, within which a supply of lubricant, suet or other solid grease, such as
tallow alone or in mixture with oil, is to be supplied, and which can be replenished
from time to time as may be necessary by injection through a groove and perfora-
tion or tube in the shaft, so as to provide an efficient lubrication of the parts or
joint working within the casing, as will be seen by the Drawings. The casing will
be made in half shells, and these halves at the adjacent edges will be made with a
rebate, but no claim is made to these coverings apart from their use with the other
parts of this Invention.
Again, the propeller may be constructed with the joint working within the boss
thereof, as shown in Fig. 16, and this especially for small craft, and consists of a
hollow boss D with a shaft D projecting from the end or face thereof, within which
boss is a ring piece G, which forms the connections or nut of the joint; the blades
of the propeller are formed with a shank part 1, which is screwed for a portion of
the length of said shank, and then made plain at 2 to take into the hollow boss D'
at right angles to the projecting shaft D, and so that the plain part 2 of said shanks
of the propeller blades shall take into holes in the ring G. The ring piece G is first
to be secured or pinned at G¹ to the end of the propelling shaft C, or end cap secured
thereto, so as to be free to be turned thereupon and within the hollow boss of the
screw; thus there will be, first, the action of turning of the ring on the pin G¹ of the
propelling shaft C; and, second, the action of turning of the ring on the studs 2 of
the propeller blades.
Then on the boss D¹ of the screw is to be screwed a curved piece or cap L', with
a hole or opening sufficient for the play of the propeller and framing in turning
from right to left in steering, and on the shaft is bolted a corresponding curved cap
L2 to cover the hole and, as is shown, to work within the hollow boss; thus within
the boss of the propeller is the universal joint, which is covered by the cap pieces
L1, L2, and within this is to be contained the lubricant, injected through the groove
and hole of shaft from time to time as is desired, and so the whole working parts
are continually working within the lubricant, and enclosed.
purpose
The novelty in this joint is the part L', L2, and fitting of the shaft D for
of relieving the joint from the end thrust, which end thrust arrangement is appli-
cable to the bearings for the steering screw shaft in the swivelling framings
generally, and which thrust bearings I will now describe.
For the purpose of taking the "end thrust" off the universal joint, as shown in
Figs. 11 and 16, or off the propeller boss and joint, as shown in Fig. 16, the steering

page_text: screw shaft D. is fitted with or lias. formed thercon a collar piece or pieces D', con-
tained within the bearing glands fitted in the part B of the rudder swivelling
framing containing or carrying the shaft D of the steering screw. D5 are collar
_ pieces of lignum vitae, the same being thrust blocks for. the collar or collars D' of the
shaft D, upon which said-blocks-are-placed-in-halves-or-portions_to_allow of the
-fitting, and are secured in the said bearings B' by end box plates De to enclose
-the thrust block or. collar.picces D within the glands or bearing part B+ of the
steering-fraining, and these thrust collars and blocks may also be applied on the.
On the outside of.
part D of the steering screw shaft, shown in Figs. 2 and 6.
the steering screw propeller shaft.is.turned a screw thread for the reception of two.
outside lock nuts K, the outer of which nuts will be pinned on the shaft, and the
inner of the two nuts will bear against the glands or bearing plate Do.
In the framing fitted with circular-guide-and-guide block, described in the Speci-
fication of the said former Patent of the said Jacob Joachim Kunstädter before
referred to, the guide block is to be made so as to receive the thrust collars of the
said outer extremity of the shafts by fitting the said traversing block with gland
portions and bushes, and the shaft with thrust collars similarly to those represented
in Figs. 11 and 16, and enclosing the same with or by means of an end plate, as at
Do, enclosing and securing the thrust blocks or collars. within the guide. block.
When fitted to rowing boats the rudder is to be or may be actuated by pedals
worked by the feet or by ordinary tiller ropes, and the screw is to be actuated by
any desirable means for communicating rotation thereto.
. In the case of screw propelled vessels to be fitted with this improved steering
screw device, and where the shaft does not project through the stern post, the stern
post has to be cut away, as described for Figs. 1 and 2, and the bearing bracket E
will be fitted as described.
+
For sailing vessels and paddle boats to be fitted with this steering screw appa-
ratus as auxiliary and steering screw, the bearings and glands as described will be
fitted to and the propeller shaft will be. passed through the stern post for driving
the steering screw, as for ordinary screw shafts. The shaft will be driven by
gearing off, the main engines for paddle boats, or otherwise by donkey engine, as
convenient.
.
In Fig. 11 the screw is shown fitted in the rudder blade B, and the thrust
bearing collar D, and blocks D³, and end plate D are similar to those shown in
Fig. 16.
When necessary or desirable to provide against possible clogging or injury to the
joint, a grid or screen may be fitted upon the vessel, and projecting outwards and
backwards, so as to act as a guard or "catcher" to divert or repel any object that
might otherwise find its way into or to the joint.
دو
When two screws are employed, in order that the second screw may not "dragi
or "race," the said screw is, broadly speaking, to be of coarser pitch than the main
screw, and this difference of pitch is to be decided by the difference between the
-dimensions of the two screws, the pitch of the rudder screw being. ratioally and com-
paratively with the difference of the dimensions of the two screws and their distance,
which result will be ascertained by calculations based upon experimental data.
If but one screw is used the dimensions will be as usual.
The joints, or couplings, consisting of the double-eyed forks and nut or joint piece
and pivots, as described, may be employed for various useful purposes, as a joint or
coupling, wherein it is desired to couple or connect shafts or parts having a rotatory
motion, or to which a rotatory motion is to be communicated, or shafts or parts
working at an angle to each other or having a changing degree of angle in reference
to each other, and to which rotatory motion or otherwise is to be communicated,
such as, for instance, the coupling of shafting in shops or mills, or for shafting or
actuating drills, as in rock-boring apparatus, agricultural implements, and so forth
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention, I
claim,
."
First. The apparatus combined and as substantially as herein-before described,

page_text: and shown respectively in those Figures of the Drawings which, in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, and in Figs. 6, 6ª, 6b, 6c, 6d, and 7, and in Figs. 8, 8a, 8b, and 80, and in Fig. 9,
and in Fig. 10, show the combinations which are modifications of the apparatus as
a whole; and which, in Figs. 12 and 12ª, and 13 and 13ª, and 14 and 14ª, show
modifications of the universal joint; and in Figs. 2, 6, 11, and 16 show methods of
relieving the universal joint from strain or thrust.
Secondly. The construction of the joint studs, pins, or pivot pieces in combination
with the part or parts forming the nut or block and interlocking pieces, as herein-
before described, and shown in Figs. 12 and 12ª, 13 and 13ª, 14 and 14.
Thirdly. The fitting of the clasp bracket bearing E on the rudder post, together
with the driving fork F, substantially as shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6º, 7, 8, 8ª, 9,
and 10, and as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Maximilian Stanislaus Hassfeld, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-nine.
In presence of
WALTER A. BARLOW,
Patent Agent and Engineer,
6, St Paul's,
London.
M. S. HASSFELD. (L.S.)