Improvements in Pumps.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 8th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 19th Oct., 1888
Improvements in Pumps.
GEORGE PINNINGTON, Actuary, 23, Chichester Street, Chester, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
One or more preferably six-pistons of Pumps may be worked from one Crank,
if the barrels, or cylinders, of the Pumps be arranged radially-and preferably hori-
zontally-about the Crank shaft. Or, the Crank, or an Eccentric, may be fixed, and
the Pump barrels or cylinders be carried round and about it, and about the common
centre to which they radiate. In this latter case, the barrels or cylinders are attached to
a drum or hoop which fits into and forms the inner side of a tubular ring or circle,
and at two opposite places or points in this ring, are fixed two stops or solid blocks
(one at each place) dividing the ring into two portions, in one of which the Pumps will
always be sucking' or, raising liquid to the height, and in the other forcing' it
above the height of the Pumps. There is a 'suction Pipe provided and attached to
one half of the Ring, and a 'forcing' Pipe to the other. The valves usual to 'suction'
and forcing Pipes will be used.
Each of the Cylinders may be made to oscillate, so that their axes may he continually
in a line with their Piston Rods and the Crank or Eccentric.
The Drum or Hoop to which the Cylinders are attached may be turned in the shape
of a segment of a cone, in order to take up wear caused by friction against upper and
lower edges of the outer ring, and it, and the Pistons may be made water-tight by
means of metallic rings or other packing ordinarily in use, and it and the Pump
barrels or cylinders may be supported on wheels whilst revolving round the common
centre and the crank or eccentric.
The Drum or Hoop, named, may be continued and form a drum or wheel for a
driving belt or rope, or toothed gear may be attached to it for the purpose of com-
municating with the driving power.
The outer ring may have a bottom plate attached to it, equal to the whole of its
interior area, and to which the crank or eccentric may be fixed, and this may hold
liquid and be filled with it to aid the packing of the Pistons whilst the Pumps are
working

page_text: '
The advantage of this system and combination of Pumps, is, that when they are
revolving about their common centre there is always suction or raising, and 'forcing,'
of liquids going on, and thus, the liquid is constantly rising and flowing in the
'suction' and forcing Pipes and the vis-civa of the liquid is not checked at
the dead points of each stroke, as it is in ordinary Pumps having reciprocating 5
action.
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GEORGE PINNINGTON Actuary, 23, Chichester Street, Chester, do hereby declaro
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to he performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
A metal Cylinder 1. Fig. 1 of a number of metal Cylinders 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are fixed
or arranged about a common centre so as to be free to rotate about it; they are bored
through a cylindrical shaped or ring shaped casting or biock a, or are otherwise attached
together as though they were. The axis of each Cylinder is in the direction of a
radius from a common centre. The Cylinder, or Cylinders, together with the casting
or block through which they are bored or the attachments betwixt the Cylinders, are
surrounded by, or fitted into an outer metal casing. To one side b, Fig. 2, or the
bottom Fig. 2-in case the machine be a horizontal one, of the outer casing is fitted
or attached a Crank shaft c. and Crank d. and about this Crank shaft, the Cylinders
and their attachments rotate as a common centre, the said attachments being suitably
shaped, fitted, or bored at one side or bottom that the fixed end of the Crank shaft
shall pass through the said side or bottom and allow of the Cylinders and their attach-
ments working about the said Crank Shaft and Crank; to the other side of the flat
ring of metal forming the cylinders and their attachments is fixed a metal plate e.
covering the interior of the said ring and suitably strengthened where required, and
to which is attached a shaft f. which passes through the side or top g. of the outer
metal casing, which latter is also suitably strengthened and bored or fitted so that the
said shaft may pass through it and have proper bearing there ; the interior of the
metal plate covering the internal portion of the ring Cylinders and their attach-
ments is bored inside in line with the axis of its attached shaft, to form a bearing for
the Crank shaft in that place.

page_text: Around the Crank pin, is fitted a metal tube i, free to work about the said pin and
to which is cast a flange ; or flanges whereonto is geared the end of each Piston Rod,
by means of pins k. ball and socket joints or other common mechanism, and in case of
multiple Cylinders being used one piston rod 7 may be fixed to the said tube and
flange or flanges, or the Crank and pin may be made of sufficient width to allow of
each and all the ends of the piston rods being geared on to it, and the rods may have
forked shaped ends for the purpose.
In place of the Crank pin, and as a substitute for it, the Crank and Shaft may be
done away with and a pin may be fixed or attached to the side or bottom of the outer
casing, the side or bottom m to m of the internal portion of the ring of Cylinders and
attachments being, in such case, done away with also, to allow of the said ring of
Cylinders to rotate about their common centre and the aforesaid eccentrically placod
pin whilst bearing, by means of the shaft fattached to the opposite side or top of the
said ring, on to bearings formed by and fitted on to the side or top of the outer casing
at h. in this case, the piston rods may bear upon the eccentric pin by means of it
passing through their ends, which may be forked, or by means of a tube and flange
about the said pin.
If the machine be fixed horizontally, a circular portion n to n of the outer casing
and at the side or top of it g may be done away with, and also the plate o to o and
shaft attached to the ring of Cylinders and attachments may be done away with ;
and, as the said shaft would be, otherwise, used for taking power from when the
machine is used as an Engine, and is used to apply power to when it is used as a
Pump and in either case spur or other wheels, pulleys or gearing are attached to the
said Shaft, then, as substitutes for these, and when the Shaft is done away with, may
be attached to the ring of Cylinders and their attachments at p. spur or other wheels,
pulleys, or gearing, on the side or top of the said ring; also, in such case, the side or
upper portion of the Cylinders and their attachments is extended to meet the inner
portion of the outer casing and has a Cylinder or Drum attached to it which is turned
and bears upon the inner side of the outer casing, which is bored, and extends to and
bears upon the other side or bottom of the said outer casing, as shown by cross
shading, as at A. in figure 2 of the drawings herewith.
The Piston ends are attached to the Pistons by pins passed through their ends and
through attachments to the pistons, to allow of the said rods to have motion to
accommodate themselves to the direction of the fixed Crank pin or other eccentric
pin whilst the Cylinders rotate about their common centre.
Inlet and outlet pipos q. and r. are provided that Steam or other fluids may pass
into and out of the spaces betwixt the Cylinders and attachments and the outer
casings, and this said space is divided into two equal portions by stops or blocks
attached to the outer casing, as shown at B. in the drawings herewith; these stops or
blocks divide the space mentioned into portions in which Steam or fluid is entering
under pressure, and discharging, and ordinary and suitable pipes and valves are used
to convey into and discharge out of the said space Steam or other fluid, and to
reverse the motion of the Cylinders and their attachments when required, and ordinary
and suitable Governors and Valves are used to regulate the admission and emission of
Steam or other fluid, elastic or non-elastic.
The whole of the working surfaces will be turned, bored, planed, fitted, or packed
and lubricated by means such as are commonly used.
When the machine is used for a Pump, the Cylinder may be made to oscillate
betwixt covering plates, by boring the metal connecting the Cylinders into a ring, and
turning and fitting the Cylinders and placing them in the portions bored out to receive
them, as shown in Figure 3, of the drawings herewith.
When the machine is used as a Pump, the Cylinders may be made as aforesaid, and
the ends of all the Piston ends may bear upon or be geared to the eccentric Crank pin,
or other pin by means of being forked, or by means of a tube about the said pin with
necessary flange or flanges.
Different kinds of metal may be used in the construction of the machine, or of
portions of it.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the said is to be performed, I declare that which
I claim is:
1. The fixing of a Cylinder or Cylinders so that it or they shall be free to rotato
about a common centre and a fixed crank and pin, or a fixed pin placed eccentrically,
so that when Steam or other fluid under pressure is admitted into the portion of the
machine provided for it to act in and from whence to communicate its pressure on to
the Pistons of the Cylinders, the said pressure acting on the pistons in the direction
of the aforesaid common centre exerts a thrust on the Piston Rods whose directions
are towards the eccentric pin, which thrust produces rotary motion of the Cylinders
and their attachments.
2. The combination of Cylinders and attachments can be caused to rotate about
their common centre whilst the Piston rods are controlled by and geared to a fixed
Crank pin or other eccentric pin, and the production thereby of an alternating or
reciprocating motion of the Pistons, which alternately draws in and forces out liquids
and fluids, allows the machine to be used as a Pump.
3. The causing of the Cylinders to oscillate, and the manner of so causing them, in
this combination, so that when the machine is used as a Pump, the Cylinders may
accommodate themselves, in directions, to the directions assumed by the Piston rods
in travelling round the eccentric pin to which they are geared.
Dated this 7th day of August 1888.