Improvements in Evaporating Apparatus.
Year: 1896

page_text: [Communicated from abroad by WILLIAM FREDERICK JOBBINS and JOSEPH
VAN RUYMBEKE, both of Aurora, in the County of Kane and State of
Illinois, United States of America, Chemists.]
Improvements in Evaporating Apparatus.
1, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co. Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to various improvements in evaporators which are designed
particularly for the evaporation of waste soap-lyes, but which are also well adapted
for the evaporation of other solutions.
The particular points of novelty in the invention will be pointed out in the
following description and claims.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1, is a side elevation of the evaporating apparatus;
Figure 2, a plan view thereof with the condenser and vacuum pump removed;
Figure 3, a vertical sectional view of the evaporator; and
Figure 4, a sectional view of a modified form of catch-all.
In all of the above views corresponding parts are designated by the same letters
of reference.
The evaporator A is preferably made of the general cylindrical shape shown, of
proper dimensions, according to the desired amount of material to be evaporated,
and of a height depending on the number of dash plates which it may be
necessary to use with the particular solutions treated.
B, is a door in the lower part of the evaporator for the removal of the salt or
inaterial deposited therein, the said door being suitably packed in order that a
vacuum may be maintained within the apparatus.
Mounted on the side of the evaporator to one side of the door B, is a draw off
tube C, provided with the valve a at its lower end, and with a pet-cock bat its
upper end. The draw off tube C connects with the interior of the evaporator by
pipes, c, two of which are shown mounted one above the other. These pipes are
provided with valves d therein. This draw off tube is used for the purpose of
drawing off a small quantity of the liquid for the purpose of testing the same.
This is done by closing the valve a and pet-cock b, and by opening the valves d, d,
whereby the tube C will be filled with the liquid. The valves d, d, are now closed
and the valve a opened, air being admitted by opening the pet-cock, and the small
quantity of liquid drawn into the tube Cflows out of the same and may be tested
in any suitable way.
Mounted within the evaporator directly above the door B is a flue sheet e,
and is a similar flue sheet mounted within the evaporator a suitable distance
above the flue sheet e. These flue sheets e and are perforated and are connected
by vertical flues g, arranged in any suitable way. The flue sheets e, aud flues g,
constitute a steam drum, and the space beneath the same constitutes the salt-
chamber when saline liquids are evaporated. Steam is admitted into the space
between the flue sheets e nud, through a pipe h, the pressure of which steam is
indicated by a gage i, and condensed water is removed from the steam dru.n
through a valved pipe j, mounted directly above the lower Hue sheet e.
An

page_text: ordinary water gage indicates the amount of condensed water in the stean
drum, and a longer water gage 1 cmmmiicating with the interior of the
evaporator above and below the steam drum, indicates the height of the liquid
in the evaporator.
The material to le concentrated is introduced into the evaporator through a
valved pipe m, mounted preferably directly above the flue sheet /
D. is a door mounted on the side of the evaporator directly above the steam
drum, and through which the interior of the evaporator may be reached for the
purpose of cleaning or repairing the same.
The degree of vacuum within the apparatus is indicated by a vacuum
gage n, placed on the side of the evaporator above the norical level of the
liquid therein.
E. is a dash plate mounted within the evaporator above the door D, and
provided at one side with an opening o. Extending up from this opening o, and
secured to a flange riveted directly to the dash plate E, is a vertical pipe p
o
F, is a second dash plate mounted within the evaporator a short distance above
the upper open end of the pipe p, and which is provided with an opening therein,
diametrically opposite from the opening in the dash plate E. Extending up
from the opening y, and rivetel to the dash plate F is a flange with pipe r, which
corresponds to the pipe p.
ፃ
G, is a third dash plate mounted immediately above the upper open end of the
piper, and which is provided with an opening therein, diametrically opposite
from the opening 7 of the dash plate, and in line with the opening o of the dash
plate E. Extending up from the opening is a pipe t, which extends into the
upper part of the evaporator, and may be of any desirable height. This pipe
is provided at its upper end with a curved pipe or elbow a, which faces the shell
of the evaporator and is a short distance therefrom.
While I have shown and described three dash plates E, F and G. it is to be
understucd am not to be limited to this number, since with some liquids good
results may be obtained by using only one dash plate, while with others the use of
more than three dash plates may be desirable.
Extending out from the side of the evaporator near the top thereof, is a vapor
pipe H, which connects with the upper end of a horizontal catch-all drum I near
one end thereof. J, is a pipe which extends from the upper end of said catch-all
drum near the other end thereof, and which connects with the condenser K, having
the receiving tank L beneath the same.
Instead of making use of a condenser and receiving tank of the type shown,
the vapors from the evaporator, when of no value, may be condensed by an
ordinary jet condenser, and thence be allowed to run to waste in the sewer or
elsewhere.
M, is a vacuum pump for maintaining a partial vacuum in the interior of the
apparatus.
Instead of making use of an ordinary horizontal catch-all drum, such as 1, a
modified form, such as that illustrated in Figure 4, may be employed, the latter
consisting of a vertical drum N, supported in any suitable manner, and having
a vertical pipe O extending up through the bottom to a point near the top of
the drum N. The lower end of the pipe connects with the condenser K, (or
jet condenser of the vacuum pump, if used,) either directly or through a receiving
drum. (Not shown.) The vapor pipe I leads into the drum N at a point below
the upper open end of the pipe O.
,,, are pipes connecting the interior of the evaporator immediately above
the dash plates E, F and G, with a horizontal pipe r, which extends out from the
evaporator immediately above the stemm drum. A plug e is screwed into the end
of the pipe te, which plug may be removed and the pipe r cleaned.
Extending out froin the evaporator beneath the steam drum is a horizontal
pipe y, which is connected with the pipe e by a pipe, and said pipe y is also
connected near its end with the catel-all drum 1 (or N, Figure 4) by a pipe a'.

page_text: The pipe y is provided at its end with the serew plug, like the plug, which
may be removed and the interior of the pipe y cleaned. The valved pipe e connect
with the pipe y, and through which the liquid above the deposited salt and also the
accumulated liquid above the dash plates or within the catch-all drum may b
removed.
In the concentration of soap-lyes for obtaining crude glycerine, the vacuum
pump is started and creates a high vacuum, preferably above twenty-eight inches,
within the evaporator. By reason of this vacuum the liquid is drawn into the
evaporator through the valved pipe m until it about covers the stenin drum, when
the supply is cut off. Steam of the proper temperature is now introduced through
the valved pipe h and surrounds the flues g, which are of course filled with the
liquid, and the heat thus imparted to the liquid by the flues and the flue sheets e
and causes the water contained to vaporize off. The steam as it condenses within
the steam drum may be removed from time to time through the valved pipe j. The
water thus evaporated passes up through the opening o in the dash plate E and
pipe p. thence through the opening q in the dash plate F and pipe », theace through
the opening in the dash plate G, pipe 1, and curved pipe u, thence through the
open eduction H into and through the catch-all drum 1, (or N, Figure 4,) thence
through the pipe J to the condenser, in which the vapors are condensed, and pass
to sewer or are collected in the receiving tank L. The salt crystallized from the
liquid deposits in the salt chamber beneath the steam drum, and may be removed.
therefrom through the door B, and be freed of any liquid contained therein in any
suitable way. By reason of the arrangement of dash plates shown by arranging
the mouth of the curved pipe u in close proximity to the interior wall of the
evaporator, and by using the catch-all drum I, any heavy or less volatile substances
mechanically carried or entrained by the vapors by reason of a sudden increase in
the vacuum or in the heat applied, will be projected against the dash plates E, F
and G, or against the sides of the evaporator adjacent to the mouth of the elbow u,
or within the catch-all drum I, and these heavier and less volatile substances will
be thereby condensed and caught on the dash plates or within the catch-all drum,
from which they will be returned back into the lower part of the evaporator
through the pipes v, w, , y and a. In this way the water will be separated from
the waste sonp lye, leaving a concentrated product in the evaporator with moet f
the salt precipitated therefrom.
By making use of the system of return pipes shown, and particularly by
connecting the space above and below the steam drum by a pipes, the liquid within
the evaporator is allowed to circulate through said pipe, and the heat will be more
rapidly imparted to the entire volume of liquid, whereby evaporation is
accelerated.
By making use of a catch-all like that shown in Figure 4, the danger of
extrancons substances being carried over with the vapors is further decreased, as
any less volatile matters in being projected rapidly through the eduction pipe 1,
will strike against the pipe O, and will be condensed on the latter and collected at
the bottom of the drum N, returning to the evaporator through the pipe a¹. The
volatile matter will pass up into the upper open end of the pipe O al thence to
the condenser, where it is condensed and collected, if desired, or be allowed to run
to waste.
Should the flues and flue sheets become eaked with salt, a suitable liquid, such
as lye not saturated with salt, may be introduced into the evaporator and allowed
to remain therein until all of the salt has been dissolved out.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inveu-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein, two or more dash plates within the evaporator above the
level of the liquid therein, the openings in said dash plates being so arranged as to

page_text: interrupt the free passage of the vapors, and independent return pipes placed
externally connecting the spaces above said dash plates with the lower part of the
evaporating chamber, whereby the vapors condensed on said dash plates will be
returned for re-evaporation, substantially as set forth.
2. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein; two or more dash plates within the evaporator above
the level of the liquid therein, the openings in said dash plates being so arranged
as to interrupt the free passage of the vapors; independent return pipes placed
externally connecting the spaces above said dash plates with the lower part of the
evaporating chamber, whereby the vapors condensed on said dash plates will be
returned for re-evaporation, and a catch-all on one side of the evaporator and
connected therewith, substantially as set forth.
3. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein, two or more dash plates within the evaporator above
the level of the liquid therein, the openings in said dash plates being so arranged
as to interrupt the free passage of the vapors, independent return pipes placed
externally connecting the spaces above said dash plates with the lower part of the
evaporating chamber, whereby the vapors condensed on said dash plates will
be returned for re-evaporation, a catch-all at one side of the evaporator, and
connected therewith, and a condenser connected with said catch-all, substantially
as set forth.
4. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein; two or more dash plates within the evaporator above
the level of the liquid therein, the openings in suid dash plates being so arranged
as to interrupt the free passage of the vapors, indepenient return pipes placed
externally connecting the spaces above said dash plates with the lower part of the
evaporating chamber, a catch-all at one side of the evaporator and connected
therewith; a condenser connected with said catch-all, and a vacuum pump
connected with said condenser for maintaining a vacuum in the apparatus,
substantially as set forth.
5. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, a steam drum
in said evaporator, a sali chamber benenth said drum, a door for said salt chamber.
two or more dash plates within the evaporator, the openings in said dash plates being
so arranged as to interrupt the free passage of the vapors, and return pipes connecting
the spaces above said dash plates with the lower part of the evaporating chamber.
whereby the vapors condensed on said dash plates will be returned for re-evaporation,
substantially as set forth.
6. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, a steam drumm
in said evaporator, a salt chamber beneath said drum, a door for said salt chamber,
two or more dash plates within the evaporator, the openings in said dash plates
being so arranged as to interrupt the free passage of the vapors, and independent
return pipes placed externally leading from the spaces above said dash plates into
the lower part of the evaporator for the purpose mentioned, substantially as
set forth.
7. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein, a dash plate mounted in said evaporator, an opening in
said dash plate, a pipe extending up from said opening and a curved
pipe at the
upper end of said pipe, the mouth of said curved pipe being adjacent to the interior
wall of the evaporator, substantially as set forth.
8. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
henting the liquid therein, two or more horizontal dash plates arranget one ab ve
the other in said evaporator. the openings in said dash plates being so arranged as
to interrupt the free passage of the vapors, pipes extending up from said openings
with their upper open ends adjacent to the dash plates immediately above the same,
and a curved pipe on the end of the upper pipe, the mouth of said curved
pipe being adjacent to the interior walls of the evaporator, substantially as
set forth.

page_text: 9. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein, two or more dash plates within the evaporator above
the level of the liquid therein, the openings in said dash plates being so arranged
as to interrupt the free passage of the vapors, return pipes e, v, », leading from the
spaces above said dash plates, a pipe to with which the pipes are connected, a
screw plug in the pipe wo, a pipe y leading into the lower part of the evaporator,
and a pipe connecting the pipes w and y, substantially as set forth.
10. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein, two or more dash plates within the evaporator above the
level of the liquid therein, the openings in said dash plates being so arranged as to
interrupt the free passage of the vapors, return pipes e, e, e, leading from the
spaces above said dash plates, a pipe with which the pipes e are connected, a
pipe y leading into the lower part of the evaporator, a pipe connecting the
pipes to and y, and a catch-all to one side of the evaporator and connected with the
same, substantially as set forth.
11. An evaporating apparatus, consisting of an evaporating chamber, means for
heating the liquid therein, two or more dash plates within the evaporator above the
level of the liquid therein, the openings in said dash plates being so arranged as to
interrupt the free passage of the vapors, return pipes c, e, e, leading from the spaces
above the said dash plates, a pipe w with which the pipes e are connected, a pipe y
leading into the lower part of the evaporator, a pipe connecting the pipes to and
a vertical catch-all drum N to one side of the evaporator and connected therewith,
a pipe O extending into said catch-all drum with its upper open end above the
vapor pipe from the evaporator, and with its lower end connected with a condenser,
and a pipe a' connecting said condenser with the pipe y, substantially as set forth.
Dated this Twenty-seventh day of February 1896.
Y,
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.