matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CANDLES WHEN BURNING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Stanton Fleming at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th January 1874.
I, GILBERT STANTON FLEMING, of 481, Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CANDLES WHEN
BURNING," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of the guttering of
lighted candles when carried or otherwise exposed to draughts of air,
and consists in adapting and applying to the top of the candle a cap,
which fits over the same in such a manner as to form an enclosure round
the wick and upper part of the candle, and is of sufficient weight to
cause it to descend as the candle becomes consumed.
The said cap may be made of metal, porcelain, glass, or other suitable
material, and may be ornamented as required. It is formed with an
internal shoulder at the top, by means of which it is supported on the
candle, and it is formed with a flange at the bottom or otherwise in
order to give it the weight required to cause it to descend as the candle
becomes consumed.

page_text: By means of the cap. applied to a burning candle the wick will be
surrounded by the melted grease contained in the enclosure formed by
the cap, such grease being prevented from passing down the side of the
candle as when unprotected by a cap. The flange at the bottom of the
cap will also serve as a gallery to support a shade for the candle if
desired.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR CURING HOPS, AND IN THE PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Noakes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
.
January 1874.
I, EDWARD NOAKES, of Lamberhurst, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF KILNS FOR CURING HOPS, AND IN THE
PROCESS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
:-
"
"oast"
The Invention relates to the peculiar construction of an
house or kiln employed for drying hops, and is designed for the purpose
of drying or curing the same by the application of an uniform heat
obtained through the medium of hot water in lieu of direct heat from a
furnace, as hitherto, the result of which is that the whole of the hops
under process of curing are acted upon uniformly without scorching,
consequently enabling them to retain their aroma and good appearance.
The improved "oast" house or kiln, constructed in accordance with
the peculiarity of this Invention, may be described as follows:- In the
basement of the kiln a hot water apparatus is placed, provided with the
usual supply, and entrance and exit pipes, through which the heated

page_text: water circulates. The pipe communicating between the exit and
entrance of the receptacle in which the water is heated runs in a parallel,
curvilinear, or serpentine course underneath the whole superficial area
of the floor of the "oast" house. This pipe is supported in horizontal
stretchers placed upon transverse girders; above these are placed joists,
which are provided for supporting the hair matting or other covering
with which the whole of the surface of the floor is covered, and by
which arrangement also the hair matting is kept out of direct contact
with the hot water pipes. The space so formed between the two admits
heated air to accumulate therein and obtain a pressure that causes it
to pass uniformly through the hair matting or other fibrous covering to
the hops, and so thoroughly and effectually dries them, the ventilation
of the kilns by preference being obtained through the medium of
"louvers" in the walls and a cowl or cowls at the top in manner similar
to that now employed. The hops subjected to this process are effectually
cured, and whilst drying never exceed 200 degrees of heat; the result
of which is that together with their aroma a good marketable appearance
is retained.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRIVIES AND WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Mountain Fowler and
Richard Husband at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st May 1874.
We, ALFRED MOUNTAIN FOWLER, of the Borough of Salford, Civil
Engineer, and RICHARD HUSBAND, of the City of Manchester, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRIVIES AND WATERCLOSETS,"
to be as follows:-
T
Our Invention consists of an economical method to effectually
diminish or prevent nuisances arising from privies, especially in towns.
We carry our Invention into effect by so constructing and connecting
the nether part of the privy as roughly to assimilate it to an ordinary
watercloset, but without valves or any other machinery, and without
water service other than from the ordinary refuse water from sink pipes,
down spouts, house vessels, &c., otherwise passing to waste. Accordingly
the house or other building to which our improvement is applied will
have a pipe or drain such as has hitherto been used for conveying the

page_text: waste water to the street drains. This pipe or drain beginning by
preference at a dish grid in the surface of the yard or ground and
having there a syphon trap, is by our Invention made to pass underneath
the privy seat where it is connected to a basin, the syphon trapped
outlet of which is also connected with a continuation drain running to
the main drainage. By this new arrangement all the water entering
the pipe or drain through the dish grid (hitherto with the single object
of expulsion from the premises) is made by simple gravitation to
perform the work of flushing the privy bottom and to bear its contents
away from the premises. The sink pipes and down spouts of the house
should be so arranged as to drop their flow into the dish grid, which
must also be accessible to the emptying thereinto of house vessels and
utensils.
To control the descent of matter into the basin of the privy and
exclude lateral intrusions thereinto, the horizontal ring of the basin is
prolonged or supplemented upwards to the under side of the privy seat,
so as to constitute an upright cylinder of somewhat larger diameter than
that of the hole which surmounts it.
The effect of our Invention is that the accumulation of filth in privies
with its noxious effects on health is prevented, that the removal of night
soil by carts with its attendant expenses and nuisances is superseded,
and that this is accomplished without the expenditure of water involved
in waterclosets dependent upon supplies limited to their exclusive
service.
Our method of sunnlving waste water may be adanted to waterclosets
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO- FORTES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Coxhead at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th June 1874.
I, CHARLES JAMES COXHEAD, of 22, Saint George's Terrace, Kilburn,
in the County of Middlesex, Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO-
FORTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the removal of defects hitherto
experienced in the mechanism for connecting the key of an upright
pianoforte with that part known as the lever movement in check actions,
owing to the liability to rapid wear of the cloth or other substance
usually placed on the part known as the "pilot," and also, when the
increased height of the instrument requires the said connection to be
elongated, owing to the liability to interference with the freedom of
touch and to derangement by dampness. For this purpose my Invention
consists in adapting and applying a connection between the key and
the lever movement, composed of two blocks, one of which is connected
to the key, and the other to the lever movement, such two blocks having
the means of self-adjustment to the curvilinear motion of the key. This

page_text: adjustment is effected by means of an angular groove formed in the
lower block, pivoted or otherwise connected to the key, and the bottom
of the upper block being correspondingly formed so as to fit casily in
the said groove and work therein. The said bottom of the upper block
is covered with cloth or other suitable material for the prevention of
noise.
The said connection may be elongated as required to suit the height
of the instrument by means of a wire or wood work of suitable length,
and is suspended by a single centre at the top, the action of the blocks
forming the requisite adjustment, so as to avoid friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING AND HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the Revd. Granville Hamilton
Forbes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd January 1874.
I, The Revd. GRANVILLE HAMILTON FORBES, Rector of Broughton, in
the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS FOR ILLUMINATING
AND HEATING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a compound of the foul or refuse lime of gas
works or its equivalent with tar or pitch or similar bituminous substance,
or a combination of any two or more of them, and in some cases with
chalk or limestone, or a combination of the two, with or without
petroleum or other light hydrocarbon oil or spirit, and with or without
animal or vegetable oil, or fat, or fatty matter, or a combination of any
two or more of them.
In carrying the said Invention into practise I thoroughly mix the
materials and then subject them to the process of distillation for the
manufacture of gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF GENERATING AND APPLYING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Dunbar Walker, Captain, Mercantle
Marine, at Messrs. Gilbraith, Stringer, Pembroke, and Company,
Austin Friars, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF GENERATING AND APPLYING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER."
'
Sealed the 30th October 1874, and dated the 8th September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Dunbar.
Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
"
Petition, on the 8th September 1874.
I, FREDERICK DUNBAR WALKER, Captain, Mercantile Marine, at
Messrs. Gilbraith, Stringer, Pembroke, and Company, Austin Friars,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "“Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF GENERATING AND APPLYING HYDRAULIC MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
-
'
My Invention relates to an improved mode of generating and utilizing
hydraulic power, and for applying the same to the propelling of ships,

page_text: locomotives, or other conveyances for working stationary and portable
engines, or for actuating any other description of machinery where
steam or other motive power is now used. It consists in the employment
of a simple hydraulic press, the ram of which is depressed or actuated
by two vibrating levers arranged obliquely one above the other, one
lever being pivoted at one end to the said ram, whilst the corresponding
end of the other lever is pivoted to the upper table or cross head of the
press. The other ends of these levers, which nearly meet, are connected
and vibrate together by means of a ball-and-socket or other suitable
junction piece, to which is connected a rod leading to and connected
with the end of a lever forming one arm of a three-armed or compound
lever, the extremities of the two remaining arms of which are alternately
depressed by electro-magnets, by springs, by steam, or compressed air,
or by any other suitable power in such a manner that a reciprocating
motion is given to the said rod, whereby the two vibrating levers before
mentioned are moved from their oblique position to a perpendicular
position over the ram, and in so doing communicate to the latter a
considerable compressive force by the expenditure of a comparatively
small force or power actuating the said rod. The hydraulic pressure so
generated in the press is caused to pass through suitable pipes or ports
into the working cylinder or cylinders, where it actuates a piston or
pistons in connection with the driving shaft of the engine or other
machinery, as in the ordinary steam engine.
Σ
By employing two sets of hydraulic press and apparatus, as described,
a double action is imparted to the piston or pistons of the working
cylinder or cylinders.
If desired, two or more hydraulic presses may be used in each set, in
which case each succeeding press actuates the ram of the preceding
press by means of vibrating levers and rods, as before described, the last
AN IMPROVEMENT IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Avery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1874. .
I, HENRY GEORGE AVERY, of No. 28, Clifton Road, Downs' Park
Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, Stay and Corset and Busk
and Bodice Fastening Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN LADIES' DRESS SUSPENDERS," to be as
follows:-
I connect the elastic cord, or braid, or other suspending material to
clasps or other fittings. The suspending material has a knot at each end.
The clasps or other fittings are made with a hole to partly receive the
knot, with clips at each side and end of the hole, so that when the clips
are bent down over the suspending material at each end of the knot it
will be impossible for the material to come away from the clasps or other
fittings.

page_text: I claim also to make the fittings with two, three, or more holes, so as
to pass the suspending material in and out the holes, and bend the clips
over the suspending material between each hole, and so prevent the
suspending material coming away from the fittings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR CRUSHING AND REDUCING TO IMPALPABLE POWDER BARYTA, COCOA, REFINED SUGAR, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, BOTH VEGETABLE AND MINERAL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Cole at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
July 1874.
I, FREDERIC COLE, of No. 24, Victoria Park Road, South Hackney,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY USED FOR CRUSHING AND REDUCING
TO IMPALPABLE POWDER BARYTA, COCOA, REFINED SUGAR, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES,
BOTH VEGETABLE AND MINERAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved machine in which I use iron
or other rollers revolving in an iron frame, furnished with scrapers to
clear each roller as it revolves, with knives, and sometimes with combs
to clear an iron bed over which it passes in crushing any substance
placed thereon for that purpose; and when the same is sufficiently
crushed a shovel is lowered by the action of a set screw to remove it
into a seive, which is also connected by another action with the iron
frame so that it may be properly sifted and the operation completed.
This frame is worked backwards & forwards with chains by means of a
hand wheel placed at the end of another iron frame, over which the

page_text: above travels. I propose, however, to adapt my machine so as to use
steam or any other motive power, as well as hand power, in working
the same.
The iron bed lays level on either a wood bed or on masonry,
and weights for increasing the crushing power of the rollers may be
placed over the said rollers and carried in a box over the first-mentioned
frame, as before stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR SMELTING METALIC ORES AND OTHER METALURGICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Plum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th September 1874.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM PLUM, of the Mumbles, near Swansea, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES FOR SMELTING METALIC ORES AND OTHER METALURGICAL PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
:-
Firstly. In the construction and use of furnaces for smelting ores and
melting metals by means of a shaft or stack of any suitable internal
area and form, either round, oval, or square, and any suitable height,
erected over a hearth or bed of brickwork or other suitable material,
with one or more fire-places and sufficient receiving basins for the metal,
so formed that the fuel for raising the heat required is not intermixed
with the materials to be operated upon, provision being made for
sufficiently heating the receiving basins and for keeping the metal hot
and fluid until tapped.

page_text: Secondly. In the construction and use of furnaces described in the
several Patents granted to John Martin Stanley, viz., No. 775, March
1868; No. 2540, Augt. 1869; No. 3206, November 1869; No. 889,
March 1873; and No. 3154, September 1873, in combination with
regenerative chambers, and thereby obtain more effective work and 5
further economy of fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURBINES APPLICABLE TO Various Useful PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Ernst Friedrich Lüdeke
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st July 1874.
I, JOHANN ERNST FRIEDRICH LÜDEKE, of Wilmot Place, Camden
Town, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TURBINES
APPLICABLE TO Various Useful PURPOSES," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
horizontal turbines, whereby great power is acquired in comparison with
those of ordinary construction.
I propose to form the turbine of a flat annular ring or plate of metal
or combination of suitable materials having an external vertical flange
or border, the whole being supported by a shaft and spokes in the
ordinary manner.
The vertical flange should continue from the edge of the annular plate
by a curve and not by a right angle, and the upper border or rim of the
flange should (by preference) be slightly turned inwards to form a lip.

page_text: The annular plate is to be perforated or cut with two, four, or other
number of apertures through which the water flows from the turbine
into two, four, or other corresponding number of ducts or channel
courses radiating from the centre and having a descent or incline thereto
whence the water is discharged from the centre and around the shaft, 5
which passes through a central aperture at the junction of the ducts.
The head of water being directed by a suitable guide or guides against
the internal surface of the turbine the centrifugal force of the rotation
causes the water to rise against the flange, and the apertures being near
or close thereto the water escapes by the central escape as described. 1
These turbines are applicable to various purposes where water power is
required to be utilized for pumping, for driving mills and machinery,
and it is especially applicable to an Invention of improvements in
motive power Patented by me on 15 May 1874.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peel and Sidney Emsley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 3rd January 1874.
We, JOHN PEEL, Weaving Manager, and SIDNEY EMSLEY, Agent,
both of Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to checking shuttles and pickers, and lubricating
the picker spindles. For this purpose we employ an apparatus made of
metal (malleable cast iron preferred) in which is formed a chamber or
recess; in this chamber is placed felted wool or any other material
capable of imbibing or holding oil or any other lubricating substance.
The picker spindle passes through the metal chamber and felted wool.
On the chamber is cast or formed a projection to which a check strap is
attached, checking the shuttle, picker, and lubricator. The spindle is
lubricated upon its length by means of the picker arriving at each
passage of the shuttle on the part lubricated by the felted wool con-
tained in the chamber.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN AND REMOVING THE SAME FROM STEAm Boilers and ECONOMISERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Feargus O'Connor Robinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th July 1874.
I, FEARGUS O'CONNOR ROBINSON, of the City of Manchester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN AND REMOVING THE
SAME FROM STEAm Boilers and ECONOMISERS," to be as follows:-
I take 16 parts of ordinary soda, 3 parts common soap, 4 parts black
lead, and 1 part of borax; I prefer to grind these ingredients in order to
more readily dissolve the same in hot water before introducing it into
the boiler; I find on the average that about two pounds of this mixture
in a dry state is sufficient per week for a forty horse boiler in order
to remove incrustation, but half the quantity suffices to prevent
incrustation.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HORSE HOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fordham Mote at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
February 1874.
I, FORDHAM MOTE, of March, in the County of Cambridge, Implement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HORSE HOES," to be as follows:
This Invention relates to the machinery employed in the construction
of horse hoes, and consists,-
Firstly. In grouping together in three or more lever frames placed
side by side, cach frame provided with a small wheel to regulate the
depth of hoeing the separate or single levers hitherto employed for
carrying each hoe, the arms of each lever frame so combined being
connected horizontally by hinged joints to corresponding projecting
pieces or short arms cast on or forming portions of a separate tube
working on a horizonal shaft fixed across the machine (the number of
tubes on the shaft being the same as the number of lever frames), and
each lever frame with its hoes attached pitched by means of a hand
lever fixed respectively to each separate tube, and kept in position by

page_text: the hand lever working against a ratchet bar suitably fixed to the
framework of the machine (or by any other suitable contrivance). By
this arrangement the weight usually employed for weighting the hoes
(when each is attached to a separate lever) are dispensed with.
Secondly. In shortening the side frames or cheeks carrying the bar
for lifting the hoe frame or frames, and in reducing the power required
to lift the same.
In ordinary horse-shoes the hand lever for lifting the hoe frame or
frames is attached directly to the bar carrying the arms for lifting the
hoe frame or frames, which necessitates the arms projecting from the
bar on the inside of the machine, the consequence being an inconvenient
length in the side frames or cheeks, and the expenditure of great force
on the end of the hand lever in lifting the hoo frame or frames. In this
Invention however the hand lever for lifting the hoe frame or frames
works on a pin or stud fixed to one of the side frames or cheeks carrying
the lifting bar, and is provided with a short arm or lever connected by a
short link with another arm or lever fixed to the lifting bar, and pro-
jecting therefrom on the inside of the machine. By this arrangement
the arms on the bar for lifting the hoe frame or frames are reversed or
made to project on the outside of the machine, and the side frames or
cheeks are made shorter and more compact than is the case when the
lifting arms project on the inside of the machine. At the same time the
power required at the end of the hand lever to lift the hoe frame or
frames is considerably reduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING TOBACCO PIPES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas McLuckie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1874.
I, THOMAS M LUCKIE, of the Firm of McLuckie and Fenton, Tobacco
Pipe Manufacturers, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MAKING TOBACCO PIPES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention has for its object the making of tobacco pipes in an
improved manner, whereby labor is economised and a superior finish is
obtained.
In carrying out the Invention the stems and bowls are made
separately.
For making the stem the prepard clay is put into a cylinder, and by
means of a piston worked by a screw or otherwise is forced through an
orifice in the cylinder end, a wire or mandril fixed inside the cylinder
projecting into the centre of the orifice to make the stem tubular. The

page_text: piping may be formed in this way,-in pieces as long as can be
conveniently handled, which may be divided into lengths such as may be
required. Each stem or length is subjected to a small machine provided
with two revolving cutters; one end is presented on a rest to one cutter
to be rounded off for the mouth end, and the other end is presented to
the second cutter, which forms a taper on it to fit a socket or faucet
formed for it in the bowl piece.
For making the bowl picce the same or a similar cylinder is used
without the mandril, and with a larger orifice or die; and the prepared
clay is forced out in the form of a rod, which is afterwards cut into
blocks of equal lengths. Each block is put into a metal mould, which
is in two halves hinged together, and the mould is closed and placed in
a machine in which it is held by a quick action screw vice. The
machine has a plunger mounted on a lever or in guides and connected
to a hand lever, and a movement of the hand lever forces the plunger
into the mould, and it shapes the interior of the bowl and at the same
time forces the clay into all the details of the matrix. The hand lever
is also connected to a slide working on guides and carrying a mandril,
the end of which is tapered, and the same movement which works the
bowl plunger thrusts this mandril into the part of the bowl piece to
which the stem is to be attached, and forms a tapered socket or faucet
to receive the tapered end of the stem.
AN IMPROVED ELASTIC STEEL RAILWAY 'FROG' FOR CROSSINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Wichmann at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1874. A communication from abroad by James Patter-
son, of Hornellsville, New York, United States of America.
I, CARL WICHMANN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ELASTIC
STEEL RAILWAY 'FROG' FOR CROSSINGS," a communication to me from abroad
by James Patterson, of Hornellsville, New York, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
A railway "frog" constructed according to this Invention consists of
a thick rolled iron bed plate mounted on an oak or suitable plank. A
point or tongue of solid cast steel, the back of which is made hollow
with heel rails drilled for fish plate attachments, is held to the bed
plate by two lugs, which are let into suitable openings in the bed plate
to receive them, and are fastened thereto by two transverse keys passing
under the bed plate and through the lugs. By simply driving out the
keys the point can be readily removed, and it can also be replaced with
equal facility. Two steel wing rails drilled for fish plate attachments
are held on the bed plate by lips in a chair or clamp passing under the

page_text: bed plate, and projecting through openings so as to receive the rails
which are further secured and held to the bed plate by flanges on the
"frog" point.
A point of great importance in this Invention is the "frog" tongue
being made hollow at the back thereby contributes to its elasticity and
lightness of construction.
The "frog" is very durable as its elasticity relieves the wheels of
locomotives and cars passing over it from the rigid resistance they
receive in passing over "frogs" of solid metal.
The "frog" is very economical in use as the points and wings can be
renewed in a few minutes without removal of the "frog" from the line
by simply driving out the transverse keys and substituting new parts in
place of those removed, thereby saving the uninjured portion of the
'frog" and causing no delay to trains.
"
The "frog" being connected at both ends to the line by fish plates,
not only serves to make the joints perfectly smooth, but increases the
durability of the "frog."
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH OVENS AND POTS USED FOR ANNEALING, DRYING, AND BLUEING WIRE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Littlewood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 18th
September 1874.
I, ALFRED LITTLEWOOD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Wire Drawer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH OVENS AND POTS USED FOR ANNEALING,
DRYING, AND BLUEING WIRE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the ovens and pots used in the annealing of
wire, and the object is to obtain the greatest effect of the heat, and
thereby effect a great economy of fuel.
At present the ovens with the pots are separate and detached
from each other, but I connect any desired number of them together at
the bottom by brick flues or passages, and also at the tops by metal
tubes or pipes on the lids, these flues and tubes, both at the top and
bottom being provided with dampers to shut-off one oven from another
when required, and I also connect the brickwork of the oven by hori-
zontal flues, also provided with dampers, the flues communicating with
the spaces between the brickwork and the pots, and some of the flues

page_text: and pipes at the bottom and top also communicate with this space;
but for the central tube in the pot there is only one communicating
flue and tube at the bottom and top, and by means of the flues and
tubes the heat from the furnaces can circulate all round the pots and
ovens and central tubes, without any of it being lost, and the heat
can be regulated or shut off by means of the dampers.
When desired I also connect to. the horizontal flues, between the
ovens, vertical flues leading to an oven or chamber used for blueing
steel wire, and also for the drying and the extraction of spirits of salts
or other matters from iron wire.
IMPROVED MEANS OF TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS AND MERCHANDIZE ACROSS STRAITS, RIVERS, AND ARMS OF THE SEA OR CHANNELS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Donaldson Muirhead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th June 1874.
I, HENRY DONALDSON MUIRHEAD, of Cannon Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS OF TRANSPORTING PASSENGERS AND MERCHANDIZE ACROSS
STRAITS, RIVERS, AND ARMS OF THE SEA OR CHANNELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a kind of rolling bridge, that is to say, a
section of a bridge or long platform supported upon wheels, travelling
on rails or other ways laid or prepared upon the bed of a river, strait, or
other channel; or the wheels may run upon the bed itself without any
prepared way. This rolling bridge is intended for the transport of
passengers and goods across all channels or bodies of water (the depth of
which is within certain limits) where the erection of a permanent bridge
would be found impracticable. The bridge consists of a long platform
supported above the level of the water upon a suitable structure or
framework composed preferably of open or lattice girders, disposed
longitudinally, transversely, or otherwise, as may be necessary to meet
the special requirements of the case. This framework may either be

page_text: supported directly upon wheels of very large diameter, or it may be
elevated on columns rising from a lower frame supported upon wheels.
In either case I prefer to employ wheels of very large diameter, so that
the inequalities in the surface of the bed may be rendered imperceptible.
The motive power for the travelling platform or bridge may either be
located thereon or on shore, the power being in either case applied to
wire ropes or hawsers stretched across from shore to shore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CLIPPING OR CUTTING GRASS EDGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Green and William
Burrows, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 7th July 1874.
We, THOMAS GREEN, and WILLIAM BURROWS, both of Smithfield
Ironworks, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CLIPPING OR
CUTTING GRASS EDGES," to be as follows:-
This machine is specially constructed to clip and cut the edges of
grass along walks and flower beds, and it can be attached to lawn
mowing machines by means of a very simple arrangement. The turf
cutting apparatus is for cutting the turf perpendicularly along borders,
walks, flower beds, &c, and can be applied to the lawn mower as
above described, and each apparatus can also be worked separately.
The drums or rollers are geared with internal gear which drives a pinion
that gives motion to a star cutter revolving against a knife or plate, with
a turned up cutting edge similar to the bottom plate of a lawn mowing
machine, thus causing it to cut in a manner similar to a pair of shears.
The handle is raised or lowered by the person working the machine so
as to regulate the depth of the cut.
AN IMPROVED TRICYCLE
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Walsh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th June 1874.
.
I, JOHN HENRY WALSH, of the Cedars, Putney, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRICYCLE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel and peculiar combination of parts
constituting an improved and simple construction of vehicle called a
tricycle.
The improved tricycle is constructed so that the front wheel is driven
by means of a crank and two connecting rods, which rods are so placed
(one on each side) as to be casily worked by the hands of the rider, who
sits in a saddle or other suitable seat immediately behind the driving

page_text: In order to guide the tricycle the hind wheels are fixed to a revolving
carriage and wheel plate exactly resembling the fore carriage of ordinary
road vehicles. To the hind axle a cord is attached which passes over a
pulley on cach side of the saddle to the treadle, and this having the foot
on, works it up or down as may be desired, by which means tho hind 5
wheels are each mado to turn backwards or forwards, which will cause
the whole tricycle to turn more or less sharply to the right or the left as
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFEE SHOVELS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1874.
.I, GEORGE TAYLOR, of Lliw Mill, Pontlliw, near Swansea, in the
County of Glamorgan, Spade and Shovel Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFEE
SHOVELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
coffer shovels, that is shovels in which the blade is provided with a
coffer or hollow at its upper part, into which coffer or hollow the lower
end of the wooden handle of the shovel fits.
My Invention consists in constructing in the manner herein-after
described the coffer plate and socket or cye of the shovel, and in
connecting the said coffer plate and socket or eye to the blade of the
shovel.
I make the blade of the shovel either of steel or wrought iron, the '
coffer or hollow in the upper part of the middle of the blade being made

page_text: 'I make the eye or socket in which the wooden handle of the shovel
fits and the coffer plate of one piece of wrought iron. The said coffor
plate serves to cover and strengthen the coffor, and to connect the eye or
socket to the blade of the shovel.
In forming the combined coffer plate and socket or eye I take a blank &
or piece of wrought iron of the required shape, and by forging or
otherwise I fashion one end of the said blank into an eye or socket and
the other end into a V shaped plate. The middle of this plate is convex
and corresponds in figure to the convex or outer side of the coffer in the
blade of the shovel, and the marginal parts of the said plate are flat and 1
are perforated with holes.
In fixing the combined coffer plate and socket or cyo to the blade of
the shovel the coffer plate is fitted over the convex side of the coffer in
the said blade, and the said coffer plate is secured to the said blado by
means of rivets passed through the holes in the marginal parts of the
coffer plate, and through holes in the blade, and rivetted on the outer
side of the blade.
By my Invention the coffer in the blade is much strengthened, and by
making the coffer plate and socket or cyc in one piece facility and
economy of manufacture are secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRO- DUCING ELECTRICAL SIGNALS, AND IN REGISTERING OR RECORDING THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Valentine Dodwell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd March 1874.
I, ROBERT VALENTINE DODWELL, of Leadenhall Street, in the City
of London, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR PRO-
DUCING ELECTRICAL SIGNALS, AND IN REGISTERING OR RECORDING THE SAME," to
be as follows:
-
My Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining or producing
signals for telegraphic communication by means of a beam or ray of
light (polarized or otherwise), acted upon or influenced by currents of
electricity or light; and secondly, for registering or recording such
signals by projecting them on to sensitized paper or other surfaces.
'
The improvements consist, first, in the application, employment,
and use of a beam or ray of light (polarized or otherwise) suitably pre-
pared for the purpose of producing signals by the deflection or movement
thereof by means of electrical currents. The ray of light may be
obtained and prepared by passing a current of electricity from a battery

page_text: through an induction coil and condenser, and through a vacuum tube,
and if this be placed between the poles of an electro-magnet and a
current be passed through the latter, the ray or beam of light will
become moved or deflected, and by such deflection signals may be
effected by right and left hand beats or other movements, adopting the
alphabet used on the "galvanometer mirror" telegraphic instrument or
other suitable code, and if desired the ray of light may be intensified or
increased by causing it to pass through concentrating or condensing
lenses, and by a suitable arrangement of lenses the ray may be projected
on to a screen.
The improvements consist; secondly, in adapting or applying a
sensitive surface to receive and retain an imprint register or record of
the deflections or signals; this may be effected by the use of ordinary
mechanical apparatus arranged to support and move at a regular speed
sensitized surfaces of paper, glass, or other suitable material, so that as
the deflections are produced they become marked upon such sensitized
surface, and these markings may be rendered indellible by well known
chemical process, as employed in photography for instance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE WORK DONE BY CABS OR OTHER SUCH CONVEYANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wright Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
June 1874.
I, WRIGHT JONES, of Bradford Road, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE WORK DONE
BY CABS OR OTHER SUCH CONVEYANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in causing the motion of the conveyance to
effect a marking upon a travelling slip of paper or other material.
The arrangement I propose is as follows:-I employ any ordinary
clockwork which will admit, as in the case of a spring balance, of being
placed in any position without disturbing its action, and to this I
connect a roller, over which there passes a slip of paper graduated for
hours and portions thereof. In contact with this slip is a tracer pressed
towards it by a spring, and carried by another spring, which acts in a
direction transverse to the said strip.

page_text: When the apparatus is in a vertical position no motion is imparted to
the tracer, but when in a horizontal position a shaking movement causes
it to move to and fro across the strip. The former of these positions is
that which the apparatus occupies when the vehicle is not carrying
passengers, and the latter when it is. In order to effect this change I 5
propose to cause the taking of a seat to turn the apparatus from the
vertical to a horizontal position, and this may be effected by mounting it
upon a frame which must be turned upward before the seat can be
occupied.
f
At the end of a day the slip may be examined, and the marks made 1
by the tracer thereon will shew the number of times the conveyance
has been used, and the approximate distance travelled over by assuming
a given distance for a given time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Booth, of Lower Broughton, Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and Henry Tetlow, of
Newton, in the same County, Reed and Heald Manufacturer, for
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Booth and
Henry Tetlow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd July 1874.
We, EDWARD BOOTH, of Lower Broughton, Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and HENRY TETLOw, of Newton, in the same
County, Reed and Heald Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING," to be as

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 1
filed by the said Edward Booth and Henry Tetlow in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 30th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, EDWARD
Booтд, of Lower Broughton, Salford, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, and HENRY TETLOW, of Newton, in the same County, 2
Reed and Heald Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Edward Booth and Henry Tetlow,
Her special licence that we, the said Edward Booth and Henry
Tetlow, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Edward Booth and Henry Tetlow, our executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others, g
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usc, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel

page_text: First. The improved shuttle skewers with one or both ends solid, as
shown and described.

page_text: Secondly. The improved modes of connecting the skewers to shuttles,
s shewn and described, whereby the injurious effects of the shuttle
triking the picker are avoided.
And, lastly. The use and application of india-rubber or other
yielding washers to the tips of shuttles for the purpose¨described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Booth and Henry Totlow,
have hereto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-eighth day of
December, One thousand cight hundred and seventy-four.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER STUDS, SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS, EARRINGS, AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Brandon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1874.
I, ALFRED BRANDON, of the Firm of Brandon Brothers, of Birming-
ham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturing Jewellers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER STUDS, SOLITAIRES, SLEEVE LINKS, EARRINGS, AND
OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS,” to be as follows :—
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-
after described in constructing that part of the said studs or other dress
fastenings and ornaments by which they are fastened to the dress or
person.
By my Invention the studs or other dress fastenings and ornaments
are fastened and unfastened with great ease, and when fastened they are
very secure.
1

page_text: In making a stud according to my Invention I dispense with the
ordinary back disc, which is passed through the eyelet hole, and in place
thereof I use a fastening, by which the stud is secured in the cyclet
hole, the said fastening consisting of a screw-like coil of wire affixed to
the back of the disc or plate, to which the stone or ornament of the
stud is connected, or constituting the front of the stud. The screw-like
coil or fastening is nearly flat or slightly conical, that is, the first coil
which starts from the centre of the disc or plate is in a slightly different
plane from and is of less diameter than the next coil, and so on, the last
coil, which is most distant from the disc or plate, being of greatest
radius, the screw-like coil or fastening having nearly the figure of an
involute curve.
In connecting the stud to the article of dress the end of the outer or
largest coil of the fastening at the back of the stud is passed through
the eyelet hole in the dress, and the stud turned.
By the turning of the stud the coil or fastening advances by a screwing
action to the inner side of the dress, and by crossing the eyelet hole
firmly secures the stud to the dress. By turning the stud in the contrary
direction to that by which it was fastened the coil or fastening retires
from the back of the eyelet hole, and may be withdrawn from the said :
eyelet hole, and the stud unfastened.
Two rotations of the stud are sufficient to fasten it to or unfasten it
from the dress, but when additional security is required the coil or
fastening may have more than two convolutions.
In applying my Invention to solitaires, carrings, and other dress 2
fastenings and ornaments I combine with tho said articles a fastening
of the kind herein-before described with respect to a stud.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1874. A communication from Henry Furnell, Engineer, residing
at Osterholz, in the Empire of Germany.
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent
Agency, of Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS," a communication, to be as follows:-
In my improved boiler the water tubes communicate with each other
by means of chambers arranged at both ends of the said tubes. The
said chambers communicate with each other, and the circulation of water
takes place as well in the fore as in the back chambers. The said
chambers are closed by covers pressing against rings in the same manner
as the man-holes of ordinary steam boilers. The feed water tube is
connected with the back chambers, and the front chambers communicate

page_text: with the steam dome. By this arrangement the tubes are easily reached,
inspected, and removed for cleaning or repair if necessary.
In consequence of the very large cross section of the openings by
which the chambers communicate with each other a complete circulation
of water is ensured and any priming avoided.