Improvements in and relating to Water Tube Boilers.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left. 13th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 17th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Water Tube Boilers.
I, PAUL HESSE, Engineer, of 8 Wasser Strasse, Iserlohn Germany, do hereby
declare the nature of my invention to be as follows
My present invention relates to those kinds of water tube boilers which consist of
one or more systems of water tubes arranged in the fire space and having one end
closed, whilst the other ends open into a chamber common to the pipes of one or
both systems, such chambers being again connected to an upper cylindrical or other
shaped boiler from which the steam is taken.
With the above type of boilers however difficulty has been experienced in
obtaining dry steam, mainly owing to the fact that in double chamber boilers of
this system, i.e. those having two systems of water tubes, the circulation is so
energetic that the steam, even in the upper chamber is in a continual state of such
excessive perturbation, that it has no chance of giving up its moisture except only,
when the boiler is worked at low pressures. In single chamber boilers, i.e. those
boilers having only one set of tubes, the circulation is insufficiently energetic to
prevent the formation of steam spaces in the narrow parts of the boiler above the
tube chambers, thus also causing considerable perturbation.
I have constructed a boiler in which the circulation is entirely under control and
depends entirely on the proportions of certain parts of the construction of the
boiler. The construction is mainly designed to give the steam globules sufficient
opportunity to separate from the water and mixed steam and water in the boiler,
thus generating a thoroughly dry steam, even when working at high pressures.
My invention consists in combining a single and double chambered boiler into
one boiler having three series of water tubes, arranged in the manner hereinafter
described reference being had to the accompanying drawings in which similar letters
denote similar parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the boiler.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section.
Figs. 3 and 4 are similar sections showing a modified form of the boiler.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7, 8, are details of construction herein after more particularly
referred to.
The chamber a into which the two sets of tubes e and f open up, communicates
with the back chamber 6 of the third set of tubes through the laterally arranged
sloping pipes dd, as also through the upper cylindrical boilers c c which are
common to both chambers. The tubes d d are advantageously arranged out of
reach of the combustion gases and may be of any suitable number and diameter.
In consequence of the energetic generation of steam in the tubular series ef, a
strong current will be produced in the direction of the arrow 1, whilst the water
driven out and vaporised will be replaced by that descending the lateral tubes d d²,
so that a sharp flow of water will also take place along these tubes, thus preventing
any deposit of sediment and the consequent formation of scales in the same. Any
such tendency would be still further avoided by the fact of the said tubes d d lying
outside the direct influence of the fire gases.
Owing to the continual steady motion of the mixture of water and steam in the
upper boilers (the direction of which is shown by the arrow 1) the steam globules
or bubbles can easily separate from the water, which latter will sink into the
chamber b of the tube series h. The feed water which is introduced into this
chamber through pipe g will be met here by the steam generated in the tube
series h, thus causing an energetic mixture and consequent precipitation of most of

page_text: the sediment, which may be easily removed, through pipe i, whilst the boiler is at
work.
The rest of the feed water will be taken by the currents in the chamber and
through pipes d d into the chamber a, where it is met by the steam coming from
the tube series e'& f, so that owing to the agitation caused by the mixture, the rest
of the sediment will be precipitated and carried by the currents of water into the
upper boilers c c where it will be deposited or sink into the lowest parts of the
tubes d d' whence it can be removed by way of pipe i¹.
Thus the feed water is caused to make a long circuit before it reaches the tube
series ef h, during which passage it is first sharply heated, 'then allowed to cool, at
one part agitated then again allowed to settle down, in such wise, as to cause all
sediment contained in the same to be deposited at those parts of the boiler where.it
can easily be removed, and cannot possibly damage the same.
The steam generated in the tubes h, (the course of which is shown by the
arrows 1 1 1 1) is intended to counteract the circulation in the tubes d d¹ and upper
boiler c c and thus avoid a too energetic circulation. The combustion gases are
conducted round the tube systems over the plates j k l resting on the top layer of
tubes of each series, which said plates are arranged so as to be easily accessible
for revision and if necessary they can be conveniently removed through the
openings o mnq; any dust or ashes or soot which may accumulate among the tube
systems ef may also be removed through these holes.
Figs. 3 and 4 show a modification of my invention in which the double chamber a
is placed at the back of the boiler, and the single chamber at the firebox end.
The tubular series e f h are made longer and protected against the action of the
combustion gases by means of the end plates nº, n' n² through which the tubes pass.
The direction taken by the combustion gases through the boiler is shown by the
arrows 2 2 2 2. In order to cause the heat to circulate thoroughly through all
three tube systems, plates l kj are provided, one resting on the top row of tubes of
each system. In order to prevent the gases from passing straight up through the
lower tube series e, plates are arranged on the top of the bottom row of tubes.
This covering consists of a number of plates (as shown in Fig. 8) the ends of
which overlap each other, said plates having ribs on their under sides.
By means of this arrangement of the plates & they will not crack so easily as
when made in one piece, and also get more quickly heated through. Since the
lower row of tubes p is subjected to the greatest heat and moreover has to carry
the plates (x) it is advantageous to connect the same to a tube o¹ running in a
transverse direction (Figs. 5 and 6) which communicates with the upper boiler c c¹
by means of the tube o (Figs. 3 and 4). Thus this row of tubes will be cooled to
a certain extent by being filled with water coming from the upper boilers c'c'.
Fig. 5 shows one manner of attaching the tubes p to the common tube o¹, by means
of a nuts having right and left hand threads, and two lock nuts. In this manner
the ends of the tubes p are secured to short pieces of pipe r having their flanges
rivetted to the tube of. Fig. 6 shows another form of attachment by means of a
nut having exterior and interior threads by means of which it is secured to
pipes o and p respectively. In this case it is preferable to make the pipe o' of cast
iron of the section shown in Fig. 6 on the centre line of the junction of the pipes a
hand hole being necessary, through which to put the pliers or nippers to screw
up the interior nut v. Fig. 7 shows the kind of pliers preferably used, which are
so constructed as to allow of their being inserted through when in an opened
condition.
3
The feed water for the boiler is introduced into the upper parts or c¹ through
a pipe which projects down into the chamber b. The chambers a and b are each
divided into three compartments by means of partition plates y y. The steam
generated in the tube systems e f h rises in the direction of the arrows 3 3 3 in the
inner compartment, into the upper boiler c.c' whilst the water sinks in the two outer
compartments as shown by the arrows 1 1. This arrangement permits of the intro-
duction of chemicals into the feed water, for the purpose of precipitating the

page_text: sediments, without any danger whatever, since, owing to the counter currents met
in the pipes d d¹ by the feed water, a thorough mixture takes place causing the
precipitation of all the sediments (scales) and scum. Such deposits pass then into
the scum collector t, arranged at the back of the furnace underneath the chamber a,
whence they may conveniently be removed, i.e. blown off through pipes i.
Dated this 17th day of February 1892.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Water Tube Boilers.
I, PAUL HESSE, Engineer of 8 Wasser Strasse, Iserlohn, Germany do
hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
Specification
My present invention relates to those kinds of water tube boilers, which consist
of one or more systems of water tubes arranged in the fire space having one end
closed, whilst the other ends open into a chamber common to both systems, such
chamber being again connected to an upper cylindrical or other shaped boiler, from
which the steam is taken.
With the above type of boilers, however, difficulty has been experienced in
obtaining dry steam, mainly owing to the fact that in double chamber boilers of
this system, i.e. those having two systems of water tubes the circulation is so
energetic, that the steam even in the upper chamber is in a continual state of such
excessive perturbation, that it has no chance of giving up its moisture except only,
when the boiler is worked at low pressures. In single chamber boilers, i.e. those
boilers having only one set of tubes, the circulation is insufficiently energetic to
prevent the formation of steam space in the narrow parts of the boiler above the
tube chambers thus also causing considerable perturbation.
I have constructed a boiler in which the circulation is entirely under control and
depends entirely on the proportions of certain parts of the construction of the
boiler. The construction is mainly designed to give the steam globules sufficient
opportunity to separate from the water and mixed steam and water in the boiler,
thus generating a thoroughly dry steam even when working at high pressures.
My invention consists in combining a single and double chamber boiler into one
boiler having three series of water tubes arranged in the manner hereinafter
described reference being had to the drawings filed with the Provisional Application,
in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section through the boiler.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section.
Figs. 3 and 4 are similar sections showing a modified form of the boiler.
Figs. 5 6 and 7 are details of construction herein after more particularly
referred to.
The chamber a into which the two sets of tubes e and f open up, communicates
with the back chamber b of the third set of tubes through the laterally arranged
sloping pipes dd', as also through the upper cylindrical boilers c c¹, which are
common to both chambers. The tubes dd' are advantageously arranged out of
reach of the combustion gases and may be of any suitable number and diameter.
In consequence of the energetic generation of steam in the tubular series e fa
strong current will be produced in the direction of the arrow 1, whilst the water
driven out and vaporised will be replaced by that ascending the lateral tubes d d'
so that a sharp flow of water will also take place along these tubes, thus preventing
any deposit of sediment and the consequent formation of scales in the same. Any
such tendency would be still further avoided by the fact of the said tubes d d
lying outside the direct influence of the fire gases.

page_text: Owing to the continued steady motion of the mixture of water and steam in the
upper boilers, the direction of which is shown by the arrow 1 the steam globules or
bubbles can easily separate from the water, which latter will sink into the chamber b
of the tube series h. The feed water which is introduced into this chamber through
pipe g, will be met here by the steam generated in the tube series h, thus causing
an energetic mixture and consequent precipitation of most of the sediment which
may be easily removed through pipe whilst the boiler is at work.
The rest of the feed water will be taken by the currents in the chamber b and
pipes d d', into the chamber a, where it is met by the steam coming from the tube
series ef, so that owing to the agitation caused by the mixture, the rest of the
sediment will be precipitated and carried by the currents of water into the upper
boilers e c', where it will be deposited or sink into the lowest parts of the tubes & d',
whence it can be removed by way of pipe i.
Thus the feed water is caused to make a long circuit before it reaches the tube
series ef h, during which passage it is first sharply heated, then allowed to cool,
at one part agitated then again allowed to settle down, in such wise as to cause
all sediment contained in the same to be deposited at those parts of the boiler,
where it can easily be removed and cannot possibly damage the same.
The steam generated in the tubes h (the course of which is shown by the
arrows 1111) is intended to counteract the circulation in the tubes d d and upper
boiler c c and thus avoid a too energetic circulation. The combustion gases are
conducted round the tube systems over the plates j k l resting on the top layer of
tubes of each series, which said plates are arranged so as to be easily accessible for
revision and, if necessary, they can be easily removed through openings om n q.
Any dust or ashes or soot which may accumulate among the tube systerns e f h m
may also be removed through these holes.
Figs. 3 and 4 show a modification of my invention, in which the double chamber a
is placed at the back of the boiler and the single chamber b at the firebox end.
The tubular series ef h are made longer and protected against the action of the
combustion gases by means of the end plates n n' n², through which the tubes pass.
The direction taken by the combustion gases through the boiler is shown by the
arrows 222 2. In order to cause the heat to circulate thoroughly through all
three tube systems, plates 1 k jare provided one resting on the top row of tubes of
each system. In order to prevent the gases from passing straight up through the
lower tube series e, plates are arranged at the top of the bottom row of tubes.
This covering consists of a number of plates (as shown in Fig. 8) the ends of
which overlap each other, said plates having ribs on their under sides.
By means of this arrangement the plates will not crack so easily as when made
in one piece and will also get more quickly heated through. Since the lower row
of tubes p is subjected to the greatest heat and moreover has to carry the plates
it is advantageous to connect the same to a tube o¹ running in a transverse direction
(Figs. 5 and 6) which communicates with the upper boiler c c by means of the
tube o (Figs. 3 and 4). Thus this row of tubes will be cooled to a certain extent
by being filled with water coming from the upper boiler c c. Fig. 5 shows one
manner of attaching the tubes p to the common tube o¹, by means of a nut s having
right and left hand threads and two lock nuts. In this manner the ends of the
tubes
C
are secured to short pieces of pipe r having their flanges rivetted to the
tube o Fig. 6 shows another form of attachment by means of a nut w having
exterior and interior threads by means of which it is secured to pipes o¹ and p
respectively. In this case it is preferable to make the pipe o' of cast iron of the
section shown in Fig. 6; on the centre line of the junction of the pipes a hand
hole being necessary, through which to put the pliers or nippers to screw up the
interior nut v. Fig. shows the kind of pliers preferably used, which are so
constructed as to allow of their being inserted through v¹.
The feed water for the boiler is introduced into the upper parts c or c¹ through a
pipe which projects down into the chamber b. The chambers a and b are each
divided into three compartments by means of partition plates y y. The steam

page_text: generated in the tube systems ef h rises in the direction of the arrows 3 33 in the
inner compartment into the upper boiler c c¹ whilst the water sinks in the two outer
compartments as shown by the arrows 1 1. This arrangement permits of the
introduction of chemicals into the feed water, for the purpose of precipitating
the sediments, without any danger whatever, since, owing to the counter currents
met in the pipes d d by the feed water, a thorough mixture takes place, causing
the precipitation of all the sediments (scales) and scum. Such deposits pass then
into the scum collector arranged at the back of the furnace underneath the
chamber a whence they may be conveniently removed i.e. blown off through
pipes i¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is performed I declare that what I claim is :-
1 The combination of two single chamber boilers of equal or varying steam
powers, to form a double chamber tubular boiler having one and the same firebox,
by reversing the said boilers and sliding one into the other and then connecting the
tube chambers a and b by means of the upper boilers c and c¹ and the tubes d d'
arranged outside the firebox substantially as described.
2: In combination with the device covered by Claim one the ribbed plates a
(Fig. 8) to form the covering j' j k l (Figs. 3 and 4) substantially as described.
3:-In combination with the device covered by Claim 1 connecting the lower row
of tubes to the upper boiler c (Fig. 3, 4, 5, 6,) by means of a pipe of o substantially
as described.
4:—In combination with the device covered by Claim 1 dividing the tubular
chambers b and a into three compartments by means of the partitions y y
substantially as described.
Doted this 12th dow of Doonmbar 1902
HORN & SON,
Applicant's Agents.