IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES, AND IN Apparatus PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwyn Anthony, of Hereford, in the County of
Hereford, and William Wilberforce Taylor, of Trinity College,
Cambridge, in the County of Cambridge, Gentlemen, for the
Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES, AND IN Apparatus
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwyn Anthony and
William Wilberforce Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st August 1875.
WC, EDWYN ANTHONY, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford,
5 and WILLIAM WILBERFORCE TAYLOR, of Trinity College, Cambridge,
in the County of Cambridge, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES; AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to various improvements in and connected
with printing machines.

page_text: One part of our Invention consists of an improved mode of delivering
the sheets. According to this part of our Invention we cause the sheets,
after they have been cut, to run between tapes arranged in such a
manner as to make the sheets return to the place from which they
started, the distance being so determined that the edges of the sheets
come together accurately. The sheets thus circulate and accumulate
until taken off by the flyer. As the sheets come in continuous stream
with little or no interval between them it is necessary to prevent the
flyer in its ascent from coming into contact with the arriving sheet.
This object. we effect by causing the flyer to have a motion parallel to
itself, and also during a portion of its traverse a motion away from the
direction of motion of the sheets. This movement is produced by
pivotting the flyer to the extremities of parallel rods, whose opposite
extremities rotate round fixed centres, the rods being slotted so as to
slide over suitable pins carried on the frame of the machine. :
The flyer may either deposit the sheets on to a receiving board or on
to a folding apparatus, or it may be in the form of a knife, and give to
them their first fold.
The sheets may be divided into two or more streams by oscillators or
dividers before they are run together, in which case the peculiar motion
of the flyer is not needed.
According to a modification of the preceding arrangement for
delivering the sheets we cause the sheets to run between tapes on each
side, which are inclined at an angle to the direction of motion of the
paper, the angles which the tapes make on each side being the same.
The sheets will thus run themselves out of the tapes and fall on to the
receiving board, assisted thereto if necessary by a flyer or by currents of
air, or by the creation of a partial vacuum, or by any of these means in
combination.
According to a further modification we run the sheets out (from
between a pair of rollers) at a high velocity, their speed being, if
necessary, increased after printing. The receiving table, and likewise
the plane of motion of the sheets at the moment of leaving the rollers,
are inclined at suitable angles to the vertical. These angles are adjusted
as experience shews to be best. The sheets come into contact with a
board, which arrests their motion, and fall on to the receiving table by
their own weight, assisted if necessary by a flyer or by currents of air,

page_text: or by the creation of a partial vacuum, or by any of these means in
combination.
When the sheets run in the direction of the length of the columns
we effect what amounts to imparting to the sheet its first fold by cutting
the paper into half sheets instead of whole ones, and then an oscillator
or divider is caused to bring together the edges of the two half sheets.
Thus the same result is produced as if the sheet had received one fold
perpendicular to its motion and the fold had afterwards been cut.
forms must be so arranged on the machine as to ensure the pages
coming together in proper order.
The
When the formes are all arranged on one cylinder and the paper is
turned in the manner described in the Provisional Specification of the
Invention for which Letters Patent were granted to us, No. 1127, 1875,
(the motion of the sheet being in the direction of its breadth) the first
fold may be imparted in the following manner :— -During its passage
through the machine the web is cut longitudinally down the centre as
well as into sheets, and after it is cut across its direction of motion an
oscillator or divider is caused to bring the half sheets pass together, and
the paper thus becomes in pairs of half sheets. This process thus
serves the same purpose as giving the paper a longitudinal fold and then
cutting it down the line of the fold.
According to another part of our Invention we make two rolls
perform the work of one, whereby we are enabled to print twice as
many papers without stopping the machine, and to reduce the speed of
the roll. This method is only applicable when the sheet is cut before
it is printed. The paper from both rolls is passed between a pair of
cutting cylinders, that is, a cylinder with a knife and a cylinder with a
slot, or if preferred two pairs of cutting cylinders may be used, one for
cach roll. After cutting the travelling speed of the paper is increased
and the sheets from one roll are caused to travel a longer distance than
the sheets from the other roll previous to their entering another pair of
rollers, which convey the sheets away to be printed. Thus by properly
adjusting this distance, and likewise the relative speed of the sheets before
and after cutting, we can make the sheets either overlap one another to
any extent required or run with no interval between them, but not over-
lapping or with any required interval between them.
We also propose to place the cutting knife on a type cylinder, and to

page_text: raise it at the proper moment by a cam or otherwise, the slot being
formed in an impression cylinder; or vice versa.
.
When the sheet may be severed into two along its centre the folding may
be effected by turning the one-half by means of fixed cylinders arranged
at an angle to the direction of motion of the paper until it is directly
over and running in the same direction as the other half, or by turning
both halves through the same or supplemental angles so as to bring
:them together.
When it is required to sever the web into sheets by clean cuts, we
place two knives in the cutting cylinder. These knives are fixed in
*contact with one another, and their edges are above the surface of the
cylinder. At the time of making their cut they are caused to move by
cams or by other suitable means in a straight line parallel to the axis of
the cylinder, but the one knife moves in the opposite direction to the
⚫other.
Our Invention also relates to a method of wetting rolls of paper.
According to this part of our Invention we place both the unwinding
.and the winding roll, either on the same or on two cylinders of con-
venient diameter and covered with suitable material, the cylinder or
(when 2 cylinders are employed) one of the cylinders having its
circumference maintained in a properly damp condition by any suitable
means. The axes of the rolls are either fixed in horizontal slides and
kept pressed against the cylinder or cylinders as the case may be by
springs or weights, or we place them on curves of such nature that the
pressure of the, rolls whatever may be their diameter remains practically
the same, or variés in any required way.
.
Another improvement consists in causing the type cylinder to drive
.the impression cylinder by frictional contact, whereby gearing for
connecting them together is dispensed with. The blankets whether of
india-rubber or other material are made endless, and the impression and
type cylinders may be made if necessary considerably longer than the
paper to be printed in order to obtain longer lines of contact. Other
parts of the machine may be driven in a similar manner.
When the sheets are cut before they are printed we vary the speed of
the roll, and therefore the size of the printed sheets in the following
"manner: We place the roll in contact with a cylinder or cylinders

page_text: which are driven by the cutting cylinders (or by any other part of the
machine which is in gear with them), by means of a belt and two cones,
so that by simply shifting the position of the belt, the speed of the roll.
will be changed, which arrangement admits of the printing of any sized
sheet required. The back edge and not the leading edge of the sheet:
would always arrive at the same time whatever the speed of the roll.
In cases where it is desired that the leading edge of the sheet should
always arrive at the same time, as for example, in machines where
grippers are used, the length of travel of the sheet from the cutting
cylinders to the type cylinders is varied in the right proportion, and if
required by the same movement as that which shifts the belt on the
speed cones.
In lieu of employing cones it is sometimes move convenient to use
surfaces formed by the revolution of an equilateral hyperbola round an
asymtote or surfaces slightly differing therefrom, as the speed will then.
vary very nearly in direct proportion to the distance through which the
belt is shifted. The cutting cylinders are arranged so as not to grip the
sheet, except at the moment of cutting. It is probably therefore
unnecessary to vary their speed. When, however, it is desirable to do
so we adopt the following method:-The knife is carried by arms and is
capable of being moved to different distances from the axis round
which it rotates, and this axis is itself capable of being moved, so that
by suitable adjustments the knife may be at any required distance from
the axis round which it rotates, and yet properly meet the sheet; a
similar method is employed in substitution for the slotted cylinder.
According to another part of our Invention we employ in combination
with cylindrical inking surfaces, distributing rollers, whose axes are not
parallel to the axes of the cylinder, and whose surfaces are not
cylindrical, but the parallels of hyperboloids of one sheet.
We further propose to combine a flat surface and a rotary machine
together, that is to say, we propose to print one side or a part of both
sides from a cylinder carrying type, and to place the forms for the other
side or the remaining part of both sides on a flat surface. The type
cylinder prints in the usual manner, and in order to obtain continuous
printing from the flat surface we use two or more impression cylinders in
conjunction with it, and we conduct or loop the paper from one to the
other by passing it over a roller or rollers. Each impression cylinder

page_text: thus arranged in conjunction with the flat surface is only printing
during a portion of the time, but the combined action of all of them
produces an impression continuously along one side of the paper. We
also employ this method of looping or conducting the paper round an
intermediate roller or rollers when the whole of the forms are placed on
a flat surface or surfaces.
A further improvement consists in covering the cylindrical surface on
which the stereo plates rest with a coating of india-rubber or other
suitable material, in order to, impart to them a slight degree of elasticity
under pressure. A similar plan may be adopted when type is used.
When fineness of work is not required, and where the object is to
produce a machine at the lowest possible cost, we propose to place the
roll of paper (which should be evenly and tightly wound) in direct
contact with the type cylinder. The axis of the roll slides in a
horizontal slot, and the roll is maintained pressed against the type
cylinder by means of a weight or spring. Only one type cylinder is
employed, and the paper is turned by the method described in the
Provisional Specification of our before-mentioned Letters Patent,
No. 11277.
According to another part of our Invention, when the inking surface
forms part of the type cylinder and is of considerable length, we arrange
the inking apparatus as follows:-While the inking rollers are travelling
over the inking surface they continually receive ink, but when they lift
for the purpose of allowing the formes to pass, all the rollers which are
intermediate between the above-mentioned inking rollers and the ink
roller which revolves in the ink duct also lift, whereas the ink roller on
the ink duct do not lift. By this arrangement the rollers receive no ink
when they are out of contact with the inking surface, and are con-
tinually inked while in contact. When the breadth of type to be inked
is considerable, we place a subsiduary roller in contact with one of the
distributing rollers; and again, if necessary, another subsiduary roller in
.contact with the 1" subsiduary roller, and so on, adding as many rollers
as necessary. The effect produced is similar to that attained by using
only one distributing roller whose diameter equals the sum of the
<diameters of the distributing and subsiduary rollers of the above
arrangement: ....

page_text: " <<
The word "type," as herein-before used, is intended to denote "type,"
stereotype,' electrotype," "stones," or combinations of any two or
more of the whole of them or any other substance or substances which
produce the impression on the paper; and the word "paper" is intended
to denote any material upon which it is required to print.
According to another part of our Invention we print from a roll of
paper, and place both sets of formes side by side on a flat table, which
oscillates backwards and forwards in a straight line. The formes are
placed so as to present a double width in the direction of the straight
line along which the table oscillates. In connection with this table we
place two impression cylinders, which are driven by the table, and which
therefore rotate first in one direction and then in the other. The roll is
cut before it is printed into sheets of double the width of the paper, and
its speed is adjusted by the method herein-before described, so that a
sheet is passing under the first impression cylinder at the same time that
the formes pass both in their forward and backward travel. The sheets
are received from the first impression cylinder by endless tapes, which
constantly run in the same direction, and which convey them to the
second impression cylinders. The distance of travel of the sheets from
the first to the second impression cylinder is adjusted so that they
may pass under the second impression cylinder (and thus receive an
impression on their other side) at the same time that the formes pass
both in their forward and backward travel. The double width sheets,
after leaving the second impression cylinder, are cut into single sheets,
and are then conveyed away in the usual manner to be delivered or
folded, as the case may be.
)
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edwyn Anthony and William Wilberforce Taylor
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWYN
ANTHONY, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford, and WILLIAM
WILBERFORCE TAYLOR, of Trinity. College, Cambridge, in the County of
Cambridge, Gentlemen, send. greeting..

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the 39th year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us; the said Edwyn Anthony and William
Wilberforce Taylor, Her special license, that we, the said Edwyn
Anthony and William Wilberforce Taylor, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others, as we, the said Edwyn Anthony and
William Wilberforce Taylor, our executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED THERE WITH," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Edwyn Anthony and William Wilberforce Taylor,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hands and seals of one of us, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edwyn Anthony and William
Wilberforce Taylor, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, that is to say :—
Our said Invention relates to various improvements in and connected
with printing machines, the nature of which improvements and the
mode of carrying them into effect will be fully understood by the
following description, reference being had to the several Figures on the
two Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed.
One part of our said Invention consists of an improved mode of
delivering the sheets. According to this part of our Invention we
cause the sheets after they have been cut to run between tapes arranged

page_text: in such a manner that the sheets return to the place from which they
started, and the distance is determined so that their edges come together
accurately. The sheets thus circulate and accumulate until taken off by
the flyer. As the sheets come in a continuous stream with little or no
interval between them, it is necessary to prevent the flyer in its ascent
from coming into contact with the arriving sheet. This object we
effect by causing the flyer to have a motion parallel to itself, and also
during a portion of its traverse a motion away from the direction of
motion of the Sheets.
.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) of the accompanying Drawings is a diagram illus-
trating one mode of arranging the tapes. The dotted line 1 indicates
the course of one set, and the continuous or full line 2 the course of the
other set of tapes. On the shaft of the roller A there are mounted loose
pulleys smaller in diameter than the roller, and on them runs the set of
tapes 2, the direction of the motion of which is the reverse of that of the
roller. The sheets enter between the rollers A, B, and continually run.
round and round the circuit D, C, E, F, G, D, until taken off by the
flyer. The flyer may be arranged to take off one, or two, or three, or
more sheets at a time, and the length of the circuit will depend upon
the number simultaneously taken off. Let b = the length of the sheet
in the direction of its motion and d = the distance between consecutive
sheets, and equal the number of sheets simultaneously taken off, then
the length of the circuit must equal m (b+d), where m may be taken
any number prime to k.
It is obvious that when there is no interval between successive sheets
al becomes = O, and the expression (b + d) is reduced to simply b.
Figure 2 is a diagram representing a modification of the preceding
arrangement. In this case two sheets must be taken off at a time and
the distance C, L, H, may be any even multiple of (b+ d), C and H
representing the edges of two sheets when they are in position for being
caught by the flyer. 1, 2, are the tapes as before.
Figures 3 and 4 illustrate two modifications of the method of driving
the flyer in connection with the arrangements of tapes shewn in
Figures 1 and 2. In Figure 3, a, b, is the flyer jointed at A and B to
the equal arms A, C, B, D. The arms A, C, and B, D, are parallel to
one another, and are caused to rotate by any usual and suitable means
round the centres C and D with equal velocity; the flyer therefore always
moves parallel to itself: In Figure 4, H, C, and K, D, are equal parallel

page_text: arms which are caused to rotate by any usual and suitable means round
the centres H and K with equal velocity. The rods A, C, and B, D, are
jointed respectively at C and D to the arms H, C, and K, D, and to the
flyer ab at A and B. P, Q, are fixed pins, and slots are provided in the
rods A, C, B, D, to allow of their sliding freely on and turning round
the pins. It is evident that in this arrangement also the flyer will
move parallel to itself. It remains to state the conditions to be observed
in order to prevent the flyer from catching in its upward motion the
oncoming sheets.
Referring to the diagrams, Figures 5 and 6, which relate respectively
to the arrangements Figures 3 and 4, A, B, is the line along which the
sheets run; O (Fig. 5) is the centre round which the arm A, C, (Fig. 3)
rotates; O, A, is the position of the arm A, C, when the flyer is on the
point of catching the sheets; and O, B, its position when it has just risen
to the level of the oncoming sheets.
Assume that the flyer is arranged to descend upon every 7th sheet, and
let d = radius of a circle whose circumference, if the circle rotate with %,
times the angular velocity of the arm A, C, runs with the same velocity
as the paper.
The point of the flyer must travel from A to B in the same time that
the paper travels from A to B along the line A, B, but the point A of
the flyer travels from A to B in the same time that the arm A, C, turns
through the angle, and the arm turns through that angle while the
paper travels a distance
angle C, O, D).
d, k, (where is the circular measure of the

page_text: In Figure 4 the pins P, Q, are placed below the circles described by
the arms H, C, K, D, but they may be placed within or above these
circles. The arrangement and conditions are however substantially the
same, and we prefer the position given in Fig. 4.
It may be observed that if a is the velocity of the sheets when
running, with no inverval between them, a + b, their velocity when they
come under the flyer and c the radius of a circle, whose circumference
exactly equals the length of a sheet measured in the direction of its
motion, then A B = k ·c ↓.
a+b
"
The foregoing arrangements of flyer may be combined with a system
of tapes 1, 2, similar to that shewn in Fig. 7. The flyer is made twice
as long as usual and comes down on two sheets 3, 4, and. deposits them
in separate heaps. In the combination just described the flyer may
either deposit the sheets on a receiving board or on a folding machine,
and impart to them one fold.
The sheets may be divided into two or more streams by oscillators or
dividers before they are run together, in which cases the peculiar motion
of the flyer is not needed.
According to another part of our Invention when the sheets run in
the direction of the length of the columns, we effect what amounts to
imparting to them their first fold by cutting the web perpendicularly to
its motion (in any usual and suitable way) into half sheets instead of
whole ones, and then bringing together the edges of the two half sheets
either by means of the arrangement of tapes, shewn in Fig. 1, or by an
oscillator or divider, as shewn in Figure 8.
-
According to the latter arrangement. (Figure 8) the rollers A, B,
oscillate and deliver a half sheet alternately between C and. D, and

page_text: between E and F. Loose pulleys are provided on the shaft of the
roller E, smaller in diameter than the roller, and on these the tapes 2 run
in the contrary-direction to the roller itself. The length of the circuit
round the large roller L is adjusted, so that the two half sheets -come
accurately together and run between the rollers F and H.
The ends P, Q, of the dotted set of tapes 1 are brought together in
any convenient way, and their course (as also the arrangement of the
remainder of the delivery apparatus which is not shewn) will be varied
according as the two half sheets are to be delivered simply in their cut
condition or are to receive one or more folds. Thus the same result is
○ produced as if the sheet had received one fold perpendicular to its
direction of motion, and had afterwards been cut along the line of the
fold. It is obvious that the formes must be arranged in the machine so
that the pages may come together in proper order.
th
In folding books and newspapers with a large number of pages the
method may be extended for the web may be cut into 3rd, or th, or
sheets, and so on instead of into half sheets, and the edges of the three
third sheets, or of the four fourth sheets, or of the other divided sheets,
as the case may be, be brought together either by the method shewn
in Fig. 1, or by means of an oscillator or divider having for its
function to divide them into three or four, or any other required number
of streams, and then bring them together by causing each third or fourth
sheet, or each sheet at any other interval, as the case may be, to travel
different and suitably adjusted distances in a manner similar to that
illustrated in Figure 8.
'
The diagram, Figure 8ª, illustrates as an example the mode of
bringing four quarter sheets together. A, B, is the oscillator which
delivers a quarter sheet between the rollers a and b, then one between c
and d, then between e and f, then between 9 and h, then again between
a and b, and so on, repeating the operations in succession.
The rollers a to h should be in gear with one another and with the
machine. The other rollers may be driven by belting or simply by the
tapes from the rollers a to h.
The dotted lines 1 and continuous or full lines 2 shew the courses of
the different sets of tapes. As before, loose pulleys are provided in the
roller 6, smaller in diameter than the roller itself, over which pulleys the

page_text: tapes run. The ends P, Q, of the tapes are brought together in any
convenient manner, which will vary according to the arrangement of
the remaining portion of the delivery apparatus, not shewn in the
Drawings. The length of the longest circuit, that is from between the
rollers g and to between the rollers a and D is three times the length
of a quarter sheet (measured in the direction of its motion) of that from
between e and f to between a and D two lengths, and that from c and d
to hote
I
tapes run. The ends P, Q, of the tapes are brought together in any
convenient manner, which will vary according to the arrangement of
the remaining portion of the delivery apparatus, not shewn in the
Drawings. The length of the longest circuit, that is from between the
rollers I and to between the rollers a and D is three times the length
of a quarter sheet (measured in the direction of its motion) of that from
between e and f to between a and D two lengths, and that from c and d
te between a and Done length.
If necessary guides may be fixed at those places where without such
guides the sheets may have a slight tendency to get crumpled, as for
example at H, K.
According to another part of our Invention, when the sheets run
perpendicularly to the length of the columns, and when the formes are
all arranged on one cylinder, and the sheet is turned in the manner
described in the Specification of the Invention for which Letters Patent,,
No. 1127, were granted to us on the Twenty-seventh day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, the first fold may be
imparted in the following manner :-During its passage through the
machine the web is cut longitudinally down the centre (by any usual
or suitable means) and likewise into sheets by a cut across its direction
of motion. The web thus becomes in half sheets.
The formes being arranged as in Fig. 17% of our before-mentioned
Specification, the web will come out as shown in the diagram, Fig. 9
(Sheet 1) of the Drawings, hereunto annexed. The longitudinal dotted
line in the diagram represents the longitudinal cut, and the vertical
dotted lines represent the cross cuts. Thus the web gets severed into
the half sheets A, B, A₁, B₁, A2, B2, A3, B2, and so on, and A, C,
A₁, C₁, A, C, A3, Cs, and so on.
By the method shewn in Fig. 1, or that shewn in Fig. 8, the half
sheet A, B, is brought on to the top of the half sheet A, B, and
A, C₁, on to A3, C3, and so on with the other sets. If the pairs of half
sheets are to receive further folds it is obvious that the pairs, such for
example as A., B., A, B, must receive their next fold upwards, and
the pairs, such for example as A₂, C₁, A3, C3, their next fold downwards.
As in the previous case if there are a larger number of pages the method
admits of extension A, B, A₁, B₁, and so on may represent one third or
one quarter shects, and three third sheets or 4 quarter sheets, or any

page_text: other fractional sheets may be brought together after the method shewn
in Fig. 1, or that shewn in Fig. 8ª.
Figure 10 (Sheet 1) shows an arrangement of formes when they are
placed on one cylinder, as described in our said former Specification,
No. 11277, so as to require webs of only half breadth, the web will
come out as shewn in the diagram, Fig. 11 (Sheet 1) of the Drawing
hereunto annexed, the dotted lines denoting the points where the web
is cut into half sheets. The balf sheet A, B,, must be brought under-
neath the half sheet A, B, and the first fold be given downwards, and
the half sheet A, B₁, must be brought on to the top of the half sheet
A₁, B, and the first fold be given upwards.
'
Fig. 12 (Sheet 1) shews a method of bringing the sheets together and
folding them in the manner lastly herein-before referred to. The rollers
A, B, oscillate and deliver a half sheet between a and b, then between
c and d, then between e and f, then again between c and d, then again
between a and b, and so on, repeating the operation in succession. The
length of the circuit from between a and b round the roller R, to
between C and D is adjusted, so that the edge of the half sheet which
passes round that circuit shall accurately meet the edge of the half sheet
which enters between c and d. The circuit round the roller S is adjusted
in a similar manner. The pairs of half sheets which thus pass between
C and D are taken by the knife P alternately between the rollers C
and K and the rollers D and L. The consecutive pairs of half sheets
are therefore folded alternately upwards and downwards. The courses
of the sets of tapes are shewn by the dotted lines 1 and the continuous or
full lines 2. After receiving its fold the one set of folded half sheets passes
between the rollers H, K, as the tapes indicate, and they can either be
delivered in this form or receive any number of further folds by any
usual and suitable apparatus; similarly the other set of folded half sheets
passes between the rollers L and M. X and W are guards which are
provided for the purpose of preventing the pairs of half sheets as they
run out from between the rollers C and D, and before the knife P
descends on them from coming in contact with the rollers Land K.
According to another part of our Invention we make. two rolls perform
the work of one, whereby we are enabled to print twice as many papers
'without stopping the machine and to reduce by one half the speed of
the roll. This method is only applicable when the sheet is cut before it
is printed.

page_text: A, A, (Fig. 13, Sheet 2) are the two rolls, the paper from each of
which passes between the cutting cylinders B₁, B₁; H, R, K, K, is a
guide which causes the paper from the one roll to pass between the
rollers C₁, C₁, and from the other roll between the rollers C₁, C₂. Two
or three or more narrow grooves are cut in the cylinders. B₁, B., in order
to allow the guide to pass between them, and the knife which either
cylinder carries is indented where it runs across a groove in order to
prevent its coming against the guide, and likewise to allow of narrow
tapes being placed to connect the cylinders B₁, C₁, and B, C₂.
=
The rollers C, C, C₁, C₁, C₂, С₂, C3, C3, all travel at the same speed and
faster than the rolls of paper A, A, and the cutting cylinders B₁, B.
The distances D, L, and D, M, are equal and of any convenient length,
provided that it is greater than the length or width of the sheet,
according to its direction of motion. The rollers C₁, C₁, & C₂, C₁, hold
fast the paper as it enters them, and since they travel faster than the
rolls of paper they complete the severance of the sheets, which is not
entirely effected by the knife, owing to the narrow indentations with
which the latter is provided at the part where it crosses the grooves.
By making the speed of the cutting cylinders one half the speed of the
rollers C₁, C1, C2, C₂, and so on, and by making the distance M, H, N
the distance L, N, plus the length or width of the sheet, according to its
direction of motion, the sheets will come out of the rollers C³, Cs, in one
continuous stream. And by properly adjusting the relative speeds of B1, B2,
and C₁, C₂, and so on, and the distance M, I, N, we can make the sheets
come out of C3, C₁, with any required interval between them or over-
lapping one another to any required extent. We may if preferred use
two cutting cylinders instead of one only, and make the paper from
each roll pass separately one web between each pair. As before, the
sheets from the one roll would enter between the rollers C₁, C₁, and
from the other between C₂, C₂. It is evident also that the method may
be extended, and 3, 4, or more rolls be used instead of two.
When the web may be severed into two along the centre line, what is
equivalent to the first fold may be given by turning the one half by
means of fixed cylinders arranged at an angle to the direction of motion
of the paper until it is directly over and running in the same direction
as the other half, or by turning both halves through the same or supple-
mental angles so as to bring them together.
:

page_text: -
Fig. 14 (Sheet 2) is a diagram illustrating one mode of carrying out
this part of our Invention. The dotted line 5 shews the line of severance
of the web. The half of the web is not turned at all. The half a is
turned by means of the two cylinders 6, 7, which are fixed parallel to
one another and inclined at an angle to the direction of motion of the
web. They are of the same diameter and their under surfaces are flush
with the plane of motion of the web. The distance between the two
cylinders may be calculated according to the methods laid down in our
said former Specification, No. 1127%. If desired the two cylinders may
be replaced by one large cylinder.
Fig. 15 (Sheet 2) shews a modification of the preceding arrangement.
In this case both, halves a, b, of the web are turned through the same
angle. The two cylinders must be parallel to one another. As in the
preceding arrangement the other observations made as to the arrange-
ment of the turning surfaces with reference to the diagram, Fig. 14,
eqully apply to the present modification.
In Fig. 16 the two turning cylinders 6, 7, are fixed at right angles to
one another; they should be placed with only sufficient space between
them to allow the web to pass easily. Thus the under surface of the
cylinder 6 must be flush with the upper surface of the web, and the
upper surface of 7 with the under surface of the web. The roller 8
must make an angle of 45° with the fixed cylinders 6, 7, and its upper
surface be flush with the upper surface of the cylinder 6, and its under
surface flush with the under surface of the cylinder 7; the half a of the
web is not turned at all.
It is obvious that when fixed cylinders at right angles to one another
are employed different sides of the webs are brought into contact to
those which come together when parallel cylinders are used. Thus
if a, a', represent the two sides of one half of the web and b, b', the two
sides of the other half, then in Fig. 14, a and b come together, in
Fig. 15, a and b, and in Fig. 16, a and b come together. If in Fig. 16
the necessary changes are made so that the half web shall go under
the cylinders 7, 6, instead of over them the sides a¹, b¹, will be brought
together.

page_text: that the method may be extended so as to impart three, four, or more
folds, according to the purpose in view.
Fig. 17 is an illustration of an apparatus for imparting three folds.
The fixed cylinders 6, 7, 9, are all parallel to one another and of equal
diameter, and their upper surfaces are flush with the under surface of
the web. The web is divided into three equal webs a, b, c, by two
longitudinal cuts 5, 5.
When it is required to sever the webs into sheets by clean cuts we
place in the cutting cylinder two knives, which are fixed in contact with
one another, and with their edges at a short but equal distance above
the surface of the cylinder. At the time of making their cut they are
caused to move by cams or by other suitable means in a straight line
parallel to the axis of the cylinder, but the one knife moves in the
opposite direction to the other.
Our Invention also relates to a method of wetting rolls of paper.
According to this part of our Invention we place the roll which is
unwinding and the spindle on to which it winds in contact with the same
cylinder. The cylinder is of any convenient diameter covered with any
suitable material and kept properly damped by any usual and suitable
means. The axes of the rolls are either fixed in horizontal slides and
maintained pressed against the cylinder by weights or springs, or they
are fixed in curved slots of such a form that the pressure of the rolls on
the cylinder remains nearly the same whatever the size of the rolls.
•
Fig. 18, Sheet 2, is a diagram illustrating this arrangement; C is
the drum on which the roll rests, and which is maintained in a proper
state of moisture by any usual and suitable means; A is the unwinding
roll; and B, the winding roll: The paper is conducted from A to B
over or under the drum C, the rotation of the drum causes the paper to
unwind from A on to B, and its contact with the drum C causes it to
become damp. As before stated the axes of A and B rest in horizontal
or curved slots. The same method is applicable to the prevention of
set-off in perfecting machines; Figs. 19 and 20 (Sheet 2) represent two
positions of an apparatus illustrating this application; B is an impression
cylinder, the direction of rotation of which is indicated by the arrow;
A is the unwinding roll in Fig. 19 and the winding roll in Fig. 20; and C
is the winding roll in Fig. 19 and the unwinding roll in Fig. 20; D is
a heavy roller which rests on the cylinder B, and the rotation of B
B

page_text: causes it also to rotate. It is capable of being. moved in the arc of a
circle, so that it may be at one time in the position given in Fig. 19,
and at another in that of Fig. 20.; when the paper is unwinding from
the roll A, as in Fig. 19, it is conducted from A round H, L, M, over
the roller N, and then again between the rollers B and D and wound
on to C (Fig. 19); as soon as it is all wound on to C the roller D is
moved to its position in Fig. 20, the roll C drops on to B, and the
spindle A, which now is empty or carries no paper, rests on D. The
paper is conducted from C round H, L, M, between D and B, thence
to A. The paper will now rewind itself on to A, and when all is on the
roller, D is again moved to its position in Fig. 19, and so on in suc-
cession. The roll may consist of some thin washable material in lieu
of paper, so as to admit of its being, cleaned and reutilized. The paper
or other material used forms really the outside blanket, but in lieu of
its length being as usual equal to about the circumference of the
impression cylinder it is equal to the length of the roll. Thus the set-
off becomes almost infinitesimal.
Another improvement consists in causing the type cylinder to drive
the impression cylinders by frictional contact, whereby gearing for con-
necting them together is dispensed with. The blankets, whether of
rubber or other material, must be made endless, and the impression and
type cylinders may be made slightly longer than the breadth of the
web in order to obtain longer lines of contact. This method insures that
both the type and impression cylinders rotate with precisely the same
surface velocity, and thus all slurring is avoided.
The pressure of the impression cylinders on the type is regulated in
the usual way by adjusting the impression cylinders.
When the sheets are cut before they are printed we prefer to vary
the speed of the roll in the following manner:-We place the roll in
contact with a cylinder or cylinders. The cylinder, or one of the
cylinders (when more than one are employed) is connected with the
cutting cylinders, or some other part of the machine, by means of a
belt and two cones, so that by simply shifting the position of the belt
the speed of the roll is changed. In lieu of employing cones with
crossed belts it is sometimes more convenient to use two surfaces, one
formed by the revolution of an equilateral hyperbola round an asymptote,
the other by the revolution of the same equilateral hyperbola round a

page_text: parallel to its asymptote, or surfaces slightly differing therefrom, as the
speed will then vary nearly in direct proportion to the distance through
which the belt is shifted.
If the cutting cylinders are arranged so as to grip the sheet only just
at the moment of cutting, it will not be necessary to vary the speed of
the cutting cylinders with the speed of the roll, except in the cases
when otherwise the difference of speed would be very great. When
this is so we adopt the following method:-The knife is carried by arms
and is capable of being moved to different distances from the axis round
which it rotates, and this axis is itself capable of being moved, so that
by suitable adjustment the knife may be at any required distance from
the axis round which it rotates and yet properly meet the sheet.
A similar arrangement is employed in substitution for the slotted
cylinder.
A further improvement consists in covering the cylindrical surface
on which the stereo plates rest with a coating of india-rubber or other
suitable material in order to impart to them a slight-degree of elasticity
under pressure; a similar plan may be adopted when type is used.
The word "type," as herein-before used, is intended to denote type,
stereotype, electrotype, stones, or combinations of any two or more, or
of the whole of them, or any other substance or substances which
produce the impression on the paper, except when used in direct contra-
distinction with stereotype; and the word " paper" is intended to denote
any material on which it is required to print.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The mode or method of delivering the sheets by the employment
of tapes arranged in such a manner as to cause the sheets to circulate
whilst accumulating in combination with a flyer having a motion parallel
with itself and a motion away from the direction of motion of the sheets,
substantially as herein-before described.
2ndly. The mode or method of folding by cutting a web or sheet into
fractional sheets by cuts either at right angles to the direction of motion

page_text: of the web or sheet or both at right angles and. parallel to the direction
of motion of the web or sheet, and then bringing such fractional sheets
together by the aid of tapes, or of oscillators or dividers, or of turning
surfaces, substantially as herein-before described.
3rdly. The use of two or more rolls of paper in lieu of one, sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described.
4thly. The mode or method of wetting a web of paper by the employ-
ment of a cylinder having its circumference maintained in a damp
condition, the paper being unwound from one spindle and wound on to
another spindle by contact with the same cylinder, substantially as
herein-before described.
5thly. Driving the impression cylinders by frictional contact with the
type cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before.
described.
6thly. Covering the type or stereotype bed with india-rubber or other
elastic material, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before.
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwyn Anthony, on behalf of
myself and the said William Wilberforce Taylor, have to this
our Specification set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day
of February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.