IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO REAMERS AND LATHE THREAD
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert Lindley, of the Firm of Messrs. Deakin,
Parker, & Co., of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO REAMERS AND LATHE
THREAD
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert Lindley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1881.
HERBERT LINDLEY, of the Firm of Messrs. Deakin, Parker, & Co., of Salford,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO REAMERS AND LATHE CUTTERS EMPLOYED IN THE TRUING-OUT AND CUTTING
OF METAL, APPLICABLE ALSO TO SOME OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates in the first place to improvements in and connected with
reamers employed in the boring out and truing holes in order to bring them to a
shape the counterpart of the tool, whether of a cylindrical or tapering form.
Previous to my Invention such appliances have ordinarily been formed with
longitudinal flutings around their circumference, which have been planed out to
form cutting edges or blades being formed out of the solid metal. This method is
objectionable principally on account of having to grind the whole of the cutting
edges, thus altering the size and shape, and have moreover been expensive to make
and maintain in order. To remedy these defects I form the said reamer with two
longitudinal flutings or recesses to admit oil to cutting edges and provide means
for ready removal of shavings. A suitably formed slot is made in the reamer
extending from flute to flute to receive the hereinafter mentioned cutting plates.
The said cutting plates are made of a corresponding size and are fixed within the
said slot with the faces that contain the cutting edge together and therefore at the
center of the tool. The said plates are firmly secured within the sloted portion of
the reamer by means of countersunk set-screws and can be taken out readily at
any time for sharpening; or if desired they can be sharpened in place without
Pine C13

page_text: removal. By these means I am enabled to lessen the cost of such appliances to a
considerable extent and to render more easy the operation of grinding the
cutters.
My Invention relates in the second place to improvements in lathe-cutters of the
kind known as spring tools requiring an amount of resiliency in the shank, and
consists in making the cutters of such appliances removable and separately from
the shank in order that the same shank may be used for different forms of cutter.
To this end I form the end of the cutter shank with a lip having a slot formed
therein to receive a screw bolt and to which any suitable form of cutter can be
fastened by bolts or otherwise, the said bolt or bolts being passed through the
cutter and lip at right angles to the cutting edge of such cutter. By these means
the one tool shank can be used for any required form of cutter, which I consider
an important feature of my Invention. The said cutters are formed of flat steel
having a bevil edge and are ordinarily of a disc shape, but may be of a curved or
other suitable shape. The said cutters are made loose from the tool shank and can
be removed and sharpened in the grinding lathe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert Lindley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd November 1881.
HERBERT LINDLEY, of the Firm of Deakin, Parker, and Company, of Salford,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO REAMERS AND LATHE CUTTERS EMPLOYED IN THE TRUEING OUT AND
CUTTING OF METAL, APPLICABLE ALSO TO BOME OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates in the first place to improvements in and connected with
reamers employed in the boring out and trueing of holes in order to bring them to
a shape the counterpart of the tool, whether of a cylindrical or tapering form.
Previous to my Invention such appliances have ordinarily been formed with
longitudinal flutings around their circumference which have been planed out to
form cutting edges or blades being formed out of the solid metal. This method is
objectionable principally on account of having to grind the whole of the cutting
edges, thus altering the size and shape, and have moreover been expensive to make
and maintain in order. To remedy these defects I form the reamer with two
longitudinal flutings or recesses to admit oil to the cutting edges and provide
means for ready removal of shavings. A suitably framed slot is made in the
reamer to receive the herein-after mentioned cutting plates. The said cutting
plates are made of a corresponding size and are fixed within the said slot with
faces that contain the cutting edge at the centre of the tool. The said plates are
firmly secured within the slotted portion of the reamer by means of screws, and
can be taken out readily at any time for sharpening; or if desired they can be
sharpened in place without removal as in ordinary reamers. My Invention may

page_text: also be carried out in reamers having more or less than two cutting edges; for
instance, they may have one or three blades, the same being secured in slots by
screws or other suitable means presently to be described. By these means I am
enabled to lessen the cost of such appliances to a considerable extent and to render
more easy the operation of grinding the cutters. My Invention relates in the
second place to improvements in the shank of the kind of tool known as spring-
tools requiring an amount of resiliency or spring, and consists in making the
cutters of such appliances removable and separate from the shank in order that
the saine shank may be used for different forms of cutter. To this end I form the
end of the cutter shank with a lug having a slot formed therein to receive a screw
or bolt and to which any suitable form of cutter can be fastened by bolts or
otherwise, the said bolt or bolts being passed through the cutter and lug at right
angles to its cutting edge. By these means the one tool shank can be used for any
required form of cutter, which I consider an important feature of my Invention.
The said cutters are formed of flat steel having a cutting edge, and are ordinarily
of a disc shape, but may be of a curved or other suitable shape. The said cutters
being made loose from the tool shank can be removed and sharpened in the grinding
lathe or by other well known means.
And in order that my Invention may be more fully understood I have caused to
be appended hereto a Sheet of Drawings marked with letters of reference, to which
I will now refer.
Figs. 1 to 10 represent a reamer with two cutting edges; Figs. 11 and 12
represent a reamer with three cutting edges; Figs. 13 and 14, a reamer with one
cutting edge; Figs. 15 to 17, to the spring-tool which forms the second part of my
Invention. In Figs. 1 to 10, A represents the shank of a reamer with two cutting
edges; B are the blades, which are merely flat pieces of steel inserted into a
correspondingly shaped slot in the shank A. The slot being in the centre of the
shank A and the cutting edges being formed on the faces of the two blades which
come together, it follows that the two edges are diametrically opposite to each
other, which is an important point in reamers of this class. The blade B is
fastened by means of screws C, C¹, or by wedges, or by other suitable means.
Figs. 9 and 10 indicate a method where only one screw is used. The blade B may
be merely inserted in the slot provided for them and fastened by screws C, C', and
then being set out above the size required may be ground in a machine to the
standard size, or they may be sharpened seperately and adjusted by measurement
to the size required. But in order to enable the blades to be adjusted with more
certainty I have shown two methods whereby they may be moved outwards either
simultaneously and equally or seperately. In the first of these cases I employ a
small key, shown in Figs. 7 and 8, and in place in Figs. 5 and 6. The blades B
have openings or slots in them and are of such a size that when the reainers are
first made there is a space between the inner edges respectively of the opening of
the two blades to admit the cam d on the key (see Figs. 7 and 8) between them,
the outer edges of the openings being away from the cam, as shown in Figs. 5
and 6. As the key and its cam turn in the direction of the arrow the two blades
are therefore moved outward equally and altogether to an amount equal to the
difference between the greater and shorter axes of the cam; the upper and lower
portions of the key are round and of diameters equal to these two axes and fit
into corresponding holes in the shank A, so that the key and its cam are properly
steadied during the setting out of the blades. In Figs. 1, 2, and 4 is shown a
method of setting out the blades seperately by means of screws; the setting out
screws are shown at E, E', and lie partly in a recess in the blades, which is formed
of the same diameter as the tops of the threads of the screws, and partly in a recess
in the shank, which is threaded to suit the screw. The end of the screw presses
against the end of the recess in the blade, and the screwed recess in the shank is
sufficiently long to allow the blade to be set up a convenient distance. F, F¹, are
grooves to allow oil to run on the blades while working and to enable shavings to
get away.
The portion marked G, Figs. 1, 2, and 10, is ground up true in the

page_text: lathe and made to the standard size of the hole required to be produced, and this
portion acts as a steadier of the tool in reaming long holes and also as a check on
the size of hole produced, as it will not pass through the finished hole when the
blades have worn below the proper size; it is not however necessary to the
working of the tool. The end H of the shank A is made of such a size as just to
pass freely into the hole that is required to bo reamed. In Figs. 11 and 12 is
shown an arrangement of reamer with three loose blades B, B, B, these blades
being fit tightly into a longitudinal slot in the shank A, which in this case is bored
up to receive a double coned mandril I, the blades B having inclined faces
corresponding to the cones on the mandril. It is evident, therefore, that as the
mandril is pushed up by means of the nut which is screwed into the end of the
shank, that the blades B, B, B, will be forced outwards equally from the centre.
The mandril is steadied at its inner end by an enlarged portion L fitting in a
corresponding hole in the shank. In Figs. 13 and 14 a single blade B is fastened
by screws C, C, onto the flat face of a groove milled out of the shank A; the
blade B can be set out by means of screws E, E¹, as in the case first mentioned.
This form of reamer is very usefull when two or more holes in the same line have
to be brought paralell and true, as any number of blades can be fixed along a bar
of sufficient length, and a great advantage gained over the old method of lapping
holes that may not have been bored quite alignable and true.
The second part of my Invention relates to tools known as spring-tools, which
are used where a broad cutting edge is required to operate generally with a view
of obtaining a curved surface on work is illustrated by Figs. 15 to 17. Tools of
this class have hitherto been made out of a single piece of steel, involving great
waste of material where many forms are required to be kept ready for use. My
improvement therefore consists in making the shank A with the spring portion B
in one piece and having formed on the spring B a lug or ear C, which lug is tapped
or bored to receive a screw or bolt E, the cutter D being seperate and removable.
The cutter D may be any desired shape, either round, as shown in Fig. 16, or of a
more complex form, as in Fig. 15, and there may be any number of cutters to one
holder, thereby effecting a great gain not only in cost of material but in facility
for sharpening, and also, the cutter being loose, it is very easily applied as a
guage, to which the work may be roughed out by the ordinary turning tool.
Having now described ny Invention, and means for carrying the same into
effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the exact forms
and arrangements shown in the Drawings, but what I claim is,
The employment in tools of the class known as spring tools and reamers of loose
cutting portions or blades, secured and adjusted substantially as described and
indicated in the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert Lindley, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
HERBERT LINDLEY. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed by the said
Herbert Lindley in the
presence of
HUGH GEARING GRANT,
Of the Firm of Messrs. Bosshardt & Grant,
Patent Solicitors,
Hopwood Avenue,
Manchester.