IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STOVES, GRATED, FURNACE3, OR FIRE-PLACES, FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Sixth day of July, in the twelfth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege,
and authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward Newton,
my exors, aditiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and in all Her Majesty's Colonies
and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney,
Sark, and Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
STOVES, GRATED, FURNACE3, OR FIRE-PLACES, FOR VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," being
a communication from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon, (that is to say):-
The Invention herein-before mentioned of improvements in the construction
of stoves, grates, furnaces, or fire-places for various useful purposes, for which I
have obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent as aforesaid, and which has been
communicated to me from abroad, is described by the Inventor in the follow-
ing manner, and is shewn in the accompanying Drawings, in which Figure 1
is an elevation of a close stove on the improved plan; Fig. 2, a vertical section
thereof; and Fig. 3, a horizontal section of the same at the line A, a, of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a front elevation of an open grate adapted to the improved method of
managing combustion. Fig. 5, a vertical section taken at the line B, b, of
Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 a horizontal section of the same taken at the line C, c, of
Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a cooking stove or range with the
improvements applied to it. Fig. 8 a vertical section thereof, taken at the
line D, d, of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 a horizontal section of the same, taken at the
line E, e, of Fig. 8; and Fig. 10 a vertical section of the fire pot with a
modified form of throat. The same letters indicate like parts in all the
Figures.
The first part of the Invention consists in combining the chamber of com-
bustion, in which the fuel of any kind desired is burned, with a drum or
chamber for the combustion and circulation of the inflammable matter evolved
from the combustion of the fuel, by means of what is termed a throat, through
which the products of combustion pass to be inflamed in the said throat and
drum.
The second part of the Invention consists in admitting a jet or jets of atmo-
spheric air, (which may if desired be mixed with steam) to the throat which
forms the communication between the chamber of combustion and the drum or
heating chamber, that the inflammable gases evolved from the combustion of
the fuel in the fire chamber may be mingled with the atmospheric air, &c. in
their passage through the throat, and be thereby inflamed, and pass in
an inflamed and inflaming state into the drum or heating chamber; this
secondary combustion as it may be termed, giving a direct course to the flame

page_text: from the throat that it may circulate in the drum or heating chamber and give
out heat, and at the same time prevent the flame from taking a direct course
from the throat to the discharge pipe.
The third part of the Invention consists in making the lower aperture of the
throat larger than the upper aperture thereof, that the inflammable gases and
atmospheric air may be the better commingled in their passage through the
throat, and thereby insure a more perfect combustion.
And the last part of the Invention consists in making the throat with an
enlargement between the lower and upper apertures, that the gases that enter
the throat from the chamber of combustion may have room to mingle with the
supply of atmospheric air before they pass up and out of the smaller aperture
above the drum or heating chamber.
In Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying Drawings, a, a, represents the
hollow base of a stove made in the usual or any other desired manner, on the
top plate of which is placed the grate b, surrounded by the vertical fire pot c, c,
made of metal or some refractory earthy substance, the capacity of which is to
be determined by the quantity of fuel which it is intended to contain. This fire
pot is surrounded by a casing d, d, the back of which is semi-cylindrical, and
the sides e, c, tangential thereto, and extending to and united at front with the
outer radiating cylinder f, f, f; the said casing thus forms an air chamber g, g,
around the fire pot, into which air is admitted through holes in front governed
by a register h, to regulate the supply of air, which in passing through this
chamber is highly heated by the fire pot and the surrounding casing which
receives its heat, in the manner to be presently described. A feeding tube i, i,
extends from the radiating cylinder to the fire pot through.which the fuel is
supplied, and this is of course provided with a door j, in the usual manner.
The air chamber which surrounds the fire pot is covered over in part by a cap
plate k, k, leaving an annular opening extending all around the upper end of
the fire pot, and to this is fitted the larger end of a funnel-shaped tube 1, 1,
called the throat, attached about the middle of its length to the cap plate m, m,
of the radiating cylinder, and to the upper surface of this plate. is fitted a
cylindrical drum'n, n, into which the smaller end of the throat opens. The
upper end of the fire pot in this arrangement constitutes the larger aperture of
the throat, as the upper end of the throat is of less diameter than the
of the fire pot. At the back of the throat, the cap plate is provided with a
vertical pipe o, o, which extends down some distance into the radiating cylinder
that is provided with an exit pipe p, leading to the chimney for carrying off the
products of the final combustion. The gases evolved from the combustion of
the fuel in the fire pot or chamber of combustion, as well as by the distillation
upper end

page_text: thereof pass up into the throat and there mingle with the heated atmospheric
air from the chamber surrounding the fire pot; and in passing up through the
upper aperture of the throat, which is contracted, the inflammable gases and
atmospheric air are caused to commingle thoroughly and to inflame, and while
burning, pass up into the drum and towards the top thereof, and then descend,
giving out heat to the entire surface of the drum; the products of this com-
bustion then descend through the pipe o into the radiating cylinder, and out
through the exit pipe p to the chimney, the circulation of the heated products
of the combustion giving out heat to the radiating cylinder and to the casing
that surrounds the fire pot to aid in heating the supply of air that passes
through this chamber to supply the combustion of the inflammable gases in the
throat and drum. The top plate of the radiating cylinder to which the throat
is attached, and which constitutes a diaphragm to divide the drum from the
space between the radiating cylinder and the air chamber, may be dispensed
with in whole or in part, thus constituting the space within the radiating
cylinder a part of the drum, or rather a continuation thereof, in which case
the throat must be attached to the casing that surrounds the fire pot.
The form of the stove and the arrangement of its various parts, may be
varied at pleasure to suit the fancy of the manufacturer or public taste, so long
as the principles of the Invention are retained.
The application of the principles of the Invention to open fire grates is repre-
sented in Figures 4, 5, and 6, in which the parts corresponding with those of
the closed stove above described are indicated by the same letters.
In this the air chamber 7 only extends around the back and sides of the
grate, the air being admitted through holes governed by registers h in front,
and this air chamber and the top of the fire chamber are covered by an air
chamber 9, into which the air passes from the chamber around the back and
sides of the grate, and after being highly heated therein passes into the throat
through a space left between the lower plate and the lower edge of the funnel-
shaped throat, which is attached to the upper plate of the said chamber q.
The lower aperture of the throat is made in the bottom plate of the chamber y,
and a part of this aperture extends over the air chamber at the back of the
grate, so that a portion of heated air will enter the throat through the lower
aperture, that is, through a part of the same aperture through which the pro-
ducts of combustion enter, and thus induce a more thorough mingling of the
combustible gases with the supporters of combustion.
It will be seen, by reference to the Drawing, that this grate resembles the
closed stove above described, except in the form, in the substitution of an open
grate for a closed fire chamber, and in the arrangement of the air chamber

page_text: and the mode of admitting heated air to the throat; and it will also
be evident that the plate which divides the drum from the outer casing
of the body of the stove can be dispensed with in this as in the other
example.
In Figures 7, 8, and 9, which represent the improvements as applied to
cooking stoves or ranges, it will be seen that all the parts are arranged in the
same manner as in Figures 4, 5, and 6, above described, except that the outer
casing of the stove and the drum are larger in proportion, to give ample room
for ovens and other cooking utensils, and for boiler holes s, which may be
disposed in any manner desired. The ovens, boilers, and other cooking
utensils are made to project within the body of the stove and drum, that tho
flame produced by the inflammation of the products of combustion, and the
heated products of their combustion, may play and circulate all around and
heat them. These various utensils may be disposed and multiplied at pleasure
and to a much greater extent than in any ordinary cooking stoves, in consc-
quence of the body of flame produced within the drum. For stoves applied
to culinary purposes I prefer to dispense with the diaphragm or horizontal
partition which separates the drum from the body of the stove, the better
to distribute the heat around the ovens and other culinary utensils. It will,
however, be obvious that for cooking stoves and ranges the closed fire chamber
may be used as well as the open grate, although I prefer the open grate; and
whether for cooking, baking, or heating apartments or buildings, the firo
chamber may be adapted to the burning of wood as well as coal, although
experiments have principally been made with reference to the use of coal, as
much more economical.
The several improvements may be used separately from one another, and
produce some of the advantages contemplated; but it will be found that when
all of them are combined, that the best effects contemplated by the inventor
will be attained.
The throat, instead of being constructed as described above, may be made as
represented in the sectional Figure 10, which is a vertical section of it, as
placed on the top of the fire pot. In this Figure it will be seen that this
throat is enlarged between the lower and upper apertures, and that it is pro-
vided with sections of pipes a', which are to extend into the hot air chamber
to receive the requisite supply of heated air, and some of these pipes may be
used if desired for conducting steam into the throat; but although I have
described some modes of constructing the throat and supplying it with heated
air and, if desired, with steam also, yet I do not wish to confine myself to such

page_text: modes, as they may be variously modified without changing the principle of my
Invention.
Instead of introducing the air to the throat through apertures in the
periphery, a tube may pass into the centre of the throat to supply atmospheric
air to the centre of the throat so as to act on the principle of the well known
Argand lamp, and this latter may be used alone or. in combination with the
supply of air around the periphery of the throat; and as to the supply of
atmospheric air, it can be introduced through any desired part of the stove into
a chamber, there to be heated in any desired manner and, in fact, the air may
be conducted directly from the room to the throat by tubes or passages.
although this will not be so effective as if carried through a chamber so dis-
posed and arranged as to heat the air to a high temperature before it enters
the throat, as it is a fact well established in science that highly heated atmo-
spheric air is a better supporter of combustion, particularly for the combustion
of inflammable gases, than cold atmospheric air; in short, any modification of
mere form.and arrangement may be adopted that will not involve a change in
the principle of the Invention.
I have described the method of managing the combustion of fuel as applied
to closed and open stoves or fire-places for heating apartments and for cooking;
but it will be evident that the same thing. is applicable to the generation of
heat for a variety of purposes, such as hot air furnaces, heating kettles for
evaporating saccharine juices, dyers' kettles, steam boilers, boilers such as are
used on board of whaling ships, puddling and heating furnaces; and a multi-
tude of other purposes-not necessary to enumerate, in which economy of fuel,
the diffusion of flame and heat, and the absence of smoke is desired.
From the foregoing it will be obvicus to those skilled in the various
arts to which the Invention is applicable, that the various parts are to
be modified to suit the different modifications; as, for instance, when applied
to a puddling or reheating furnace, the puddling or rcheating bottom
of the chamber is to take the place of what I have above described as
the drum of heating chamber, and the throat of course is to be placed
between the fire chamber and the puddling or reheating chamber, the smaller
aperture of the throat being towards or in the. latter. Instead of one
single throat several throats may be employed for this purpose, as a better
means of diffusing the flame. And in this application the products of the
final combustion may escape from a chimney placed in the usual manner; but
I prefer to place the chimney at. the same end of the chamber of treatment as
the throat or throats are placed, whereby the flame will pass and repass over

page_text: the metal under treatment, or rather remain for a longer time within the
chamber than if permitted to escape at the chimney, as placed in ordinary.
puddling furnaces.
When the improvements are applied to steam boilers, the first flue or sets
of flues under or in the boiler are to take the place of the puddling chamber.
in the preceding example, and the products of the final combustion can thence.
be carried into other flues either from the rear or from some point above or
near to the throat or throats.
What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is, first, com-
bining the chamber of combustion; in which the fuel of any kind desired is
burned, with a drum or heating chamber for the combustion and circulation of
the inflammable matter evolved from the combustion of the fuel, liy means of
what I term a throat, through which the products of combustion pass from
from the fuel chamber to be inflamed therein, and in the drum or heating
chamber.
Second, I claim admitting atmospheric air to the throat which forms the
connection between the chamber for the combustion of the fuel and the drum
or heating chamber, that the inflammable gases evolved from the combustion of
the fuel in the fire chamber may be mingled therewith in passing through the
said throat, and be thereby effectively inflamed and pass in an inflamed and
inflaming state into the drum or heating chamber.
Third, I claim making the lower aperture of the throat that forms the com-
munication between the fire' chamber and drum or heating chamber larger
than the upper aperture thereof, so that the inflammable gases and atmospheric
air may be the better commingled in their passage through the throat, and
thereby insure a more perfect combustion.
And, finally, I claim making the throat with an enlargement between the
upper and lower apertures thereof, that the gases that enter the said throat
from the chamber of combustion may have room to mingle with the supply of
atmospheric air before they pass up and out of the smaller aperture above into
the drum or heating chamber, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
W. E. (L.S.) NEWTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid William Edward Newton came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
T
Eurelled the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
cight hundred and forty-nine.