matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES POR EXTRACTING LIQUID FROM Hops, SEEDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hamilton Woods at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1867.
I, HAMILTON WOODS, of Liver Foundry, Sunnyside, Ordsal Lane, Salford,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES POR EXTRACTING LIQUID FROM
Hops, SEEDS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the use of machinery for pressing the liquor from various
substances, such as hops, seeds, roots, woods, and other substances, or for the
pressing of material from which moisture requires to be pressed, it has been
usual to place the matter to be pressed in a box, into which box a plate
loosely fits, which plate is acted on by the pressing power, whether screw,
hydraulic or other power, and the liquor, oils, or extract from such pressed
matter or substance percolates during the time the pressure is applied through
holes or grooves round the outside of the box, or through a casing fitting the
interior of the box, and then down grooves in the box or through the top or
bottom plate, thus causing all the pressed liquor to pass only through holes in
plates at the exterior of the pressed matter or through holes or grooves in the top
or bottom plates, and as in many cases notwithstanding the use of very great
power to press the liquor from such substances a great deal of the liquor after
such pressing is still left in the pressed substance thereby causing great loss.
My improvement is to enable the liquor from matters to be pressed to be
more readily discharged, so that from a given quantity of material more extract

page_text: can be obtained and less power used in the operation. For this purpose I insert
in the interior of the box, the centre by preference, a tube or chamber (of a
conical or other form) perforated with holes, which tube or chamber shall
communicate with the outside at either end, so that when the material in the
press box is acted upon, the liquor or extract can be pressed out and escape
not only by the holes or apertures or grooves in the box or the casing of the
box, but also by and through the tube or chamber formed or inserted in the
interior of the box. The tube or chamber can be formed either on the bottom
plate of the press box or on the top plate, and may be made either fixed to the
fixed plate or to move with the moveable plate as a tube or box of any shape
or form, or it may be a tube box or chamber separate from either plate. In
place of employing one only of such tubes or chambers more than one tube or
chamber may be employed if necessary.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, LOWERING, AND TRANSPORTING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Meiklejon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1867.
I, JOHN MEIKLEJON, of Dalkeith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR LIFTING, LOWERING, AND TRANSPORTING
HEAVY BODIES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to an improved apparatus which may be used
for lifting, lowering, and transporting heavy bodies, consists as follows:-In
the building shed or other place where a hoisting, lowering, and transporting
apparatus is to be used a circular ring is fixed at a sufficient height from the
ground, which ring has a gutter or guideway formed in it in which the carrier
wheels of one end of a radial frame may travel; the other or inner end of
the radial frame is attached by a suitable joint to a central pivot so that the
frame may be rotated through a complete circle. The radial frame is pro-
vided with a horizontal travelling table on which any kind of hoisting
apparatus such as an ordinary crab, differential pullies, or capstan, may be
fixed. By means of this arrangement a body or bodies may be lifted from
any one position to any other position within the entire area of the circle.

page_text: The apparatus may be provided with a rack and pinion, screw, or other
suitable means both for traversing the hoisting mechanism on the radial
frame as well as for moving the radial frame to any required position on the
circle.
With small apparatus of the class herein-before described these last-
mentioned appliances may however be dispensed with.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF WORKING OR PRODUCING DESIGNS IN WOOL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louisa Hartland Mahon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the
21st February 1867.
I, LOUISA HARTLAND MAHON, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
Spinster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF WORKING OR PRODUCING DESIGNS IN WOOL," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of working or producing designs in
Berlin or other like wool.
Berlin wool work has hitherto been produced by working the designs with
a needle through the apertures or spaces in canvas, but the work so produced
has not been in relief.
Another method of working in Berlin wool has been to twist the wool round
wires so as to produce flowers and other designs.
Now my Invention consists in working or producing designs in wool as
follows:-I first form separate leaves or flowers, or parts of leaves or flowers
or other articles, by twisting or forming wool of the proper color or shade into
the required shape round the finger or otherwise; I then sew or stitch the
wool so shaped so that it will retain its form; I next sew these separate leaves.
or flowers, or parts of leaves or flowers, upon silk, velvet, or other desired
fabric, so arranging the leaves or flowers, or parts thereof, upon the fabric tha.

page_text: they form a pretty group, according to the design required. Some of the
minor portions of the design may then be filled in by working through the
fabric itself with the wool or with silk or other material, or beads or other
ornaments may be added, if the design requires it. The designs produced by
my method are in relief, and have a a beautiful appearance.
A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OP TREATING SKINS IN ORDER TO SEPARATE THERE FROM THE HAIR AND WOOL, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF THE HAIR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1867. A communication from Auguste Frayssé, junior, residing
at No. 5, Rue Croix des Petits Champs, in Paris, Chemist.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS
OP TREATING SKINS IN ORDER TO SEPARATE THERE FROM THE HAIR AND WOOL, AND
IN THE PREPARATION OF THE HAIR FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS," a com-
munication from Auguste Frayssé, junior, a person resident at No. 5, Rue
Croix des Petits Champs, in Paris, aforesaid, Chemist, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new and improved process of treating skins in
order to separate therefrom the hair and wool without spoiling either, and in
the preparation of the hair for the manufacture of hats. This process, by
means of which the hair and wool is effectually separated from the skin, con-
sists in coating the skin after having softened it with water with a slight layer
of the concentrated solution of hydrosulphate of soda mixed with six parts of
water, and in spreading at once over this layer one of lime white, and in
placing the skins two by two, with their inside surfaces, or that side of the

page_text: skin next to the flesh, in contact with each other; one hour or thereabouts
is then allowed to elapse, after which it is merely necessary to shake the skin
in order to separate therefrom the hair or the wool.
And the preparation of the hair for the making of hats merely consists in a
rapid friction of the hair with a hard brush dipped in the said solution, and
in ten parts of rain water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Fryer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1867.
I, DANIEL FRYER, of 18, Carlton Square, Old Kent Road, Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my improvements is to render lamps self-extinguishing, so
that they shall burn only for a given period previously determined on, and then
extinguish themselves.
It is customary for persons on retiring at night to put out the light
and get into bed in the dark, an inconvenient practice, or else they place
the light in such close proximity to the bed as will enable them to reach
to extinguish it after they have adjusted the bed clothes, which often results.
in evil consequences. Again, many persons read in bed, having a light on or
very near to the bed, a custom which causes more conflagrations than any
other.
By means of my improvements a lamp may be so adjusted as to burn
for five minutes, or for an hour, or for any reasonable period beyond that,
when the lamp will be extinguished by a self-acting lid or cover, which shuts
off the supply of oxygen.

page_text: I effect my improvements by attaching to the chimney, cylinder, shade,
or globe of a lamp a self-acting hinged lid or cover fitting into or falling upon
a seat or ring round the same, and which lid or cover is caused to fall
by any self-acting means. The self-acting arrangement I employ consists of a
box or valve containing an inverted india-rubber ball with a neck; the admission
of air to this ball is regulated by a set or thumbscrew which presses against the
neck of the ball. To the lid or cover is attached a flange which rests upon the
ball through an insertion in the valve or box. The thumb or set screw regulates
the admission of air quickly or slowly as may be desired; so soon as the ball
becomes fully expanded it overcomes the equilibrium of the lid or cover which
rested upon it while empty, which effectually extinguishes the light by its
fall.
When the lamp is used without the extinguishing arrangement the lid or cover
is held upright by means of an elastic band placed over the flange and valve.
To adjust the lamp so that it shall go out, say, in five minutes, it is merely
required to release the elastic band, when air immediately but slowly enters
the ball through the valve, gradually expands it, and finally overturns the lid
or cover.
AN IMPROVED FORMATION OF WRAPPER OR BALE CLOTH SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PACKING COMBED WOOL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1867.-A communication from abroad by Houbart-Caruel, of
39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FORMATION
OF WRAPPER OR BALE CLOTH SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PACKING COMBED WOOL," &
communication to me from abroad by Houbart-Caruel, of 39, Faubourg St.
Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is a novel arrangement of bale cloth or
wrapper particularly adapted for packing combed wool. This wrapper,
illustrated on the annexed Drawing, is composed of a strip of cloth having a
length of about 11 feet 2 inches by a breadth of about 2 ft. 11 in., to which
are fitted two other strips of the same width, and having each 5 ft. 7 in. in
length. The most suitable dimensions for a wrapper for packing combed
wool are those above given. The wool is placed in the centre of the wrapper,
and the sides are folded over upon it and sewn together.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILA- TION OF THEATRES, CHURCHES, AND OTHER LARGE BUILDINGS, AND IN PURIFYING AND COOLING THE AIR SUPPLIED THERETO
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1867. A communication from abroad by Henri Cabanes, of
Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE VENTILA-
TION OF THEATRES, CHURCHES, AND OTHER LARGE BUILDINGS, AND IN PURIFYING
AND COOLING THE AIR SUPPLIED THERETO," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the purification and cooling of air in
theatres, churches, and other large buildings. The advantages accruing from
this Invention are, 1st, the almost complete purification of air; 2nd, the
cooling of air to almost any degree; 3rd, the facility with which air in a large
place may be perfumed; 4th, these cooling apparatuses may be placed
anywhere with very little expense. The means by which these desirable ends
are attained is by the aid of sponges, wool, horsehair, or other suitable porous
substances. The apparatus may be constructed in the following manner :---
Within a box or framework is placed a wire cage, the interstices of which are
sufficiently large to admit of the free passage of air; this cage is filled with
sponge, wool, or other suitable substance, which is kept saturated by means
of water or other liquid conveyed to the cage (and allowed to spread itself
over the sponge or other substances) by means of perforated tubes. On the
opposite side of the cage is fixed a fan for the purpose of exhausting the air
from the cage, and thus keeping up a current of air; this fan communicates

page_text: with the cage by means of a branch pipe. In order to prevent the sponges
from settling down and lying flat they are kept in their places by means of
coiled steel springs. The liquid to saturate the sponge is supplied from a
reservoir or cistern placed above the apparatus, so that when a cock is turned
on the water or other liquid will naturally force itself through the sponge.or
other suitable substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Patterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1867.
I, JOHN PATTERSON, of Hull, in the County of York,. Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAPSTANS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in capstans to be used on board
ships, fishing smacks, and other places, and consists in a novel arrangement
of shafts or spindles carrying toothed wheels by which motion is imparted to
the capstan, and also to an arrangement of palls working in ratchet teeth in
order to prevent the capstan from turning in the wrong direction. The
capstan is made to revolve on a fixed spindle or shaft which projects through
the upper end of the barrel, and to the upper end of this spindle is fixed a
frame, which frame carries three horizontal revolving shafts arranged parallel
to each other, one being placed below but at an equal distance from the other
two. The two upper shafts are provided with toothed wheels of different
diameters, so that by altering the gear of these wheels the speed and power
of the capstan may be varied as desired. Motion is transmitted from the
upper spindles by means of gearing to the lower one, on which lower spindle
is also fitted a bevel pinion which transmits its motion to the barrel of the
capstan by gearing with a bevel wheel fitted on the head thereof. In the
lower part of the barrel of the capstan are arranged a series of palls or square

page_text: pieces of metal which are free to rise and fall vertically in openings made for
that purpose round the lower end of the capstan barrel; these palls act on
ratchet teeth or projections arranged in a circle on the base plate of the
capstan or on the deck of a vessel in order to prevent the capstan from
turning back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOOLLEN CLOTHS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Scott, Joseph Nixon, and
John Beaumont, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th June 1867.
We, ROBERT SCOTT, the younger, JOSEPH NIXON, and JOHN BEAUMONT, all
of Dumfries, in the Kingdom of Scotland, Woollen Cloth Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF WOOLLEN CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to that description of woollen cloth
known as tweed, but is applicable also to other kinds of woollen fabrics and
has for its object to produce a clouded, speckled, spotted, or variegated
appearance on the face of the cloth. This is effected by making the yarn
(from which the cloth is produced) in a peculiar manner. The clouded
appearance is produced by placing in a carding engine two or more slivers of
different colours side by side on the hack or bank of the machine, and then
working up the sliver produced therefrom into yarn in the ordinary manner.
Around this clouded yarn is wound, twisted, or laid a twisted thread of one or
more colours, and then this doubled yarn is woven into a fabric and finished
in the ordinary manner.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN SCREW GILL BOXES FOR PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1867.
I, WILLIAM HODGSON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Machine and
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN SCREW GILL BOXES FOR PREPARING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means or arrangements and mode of apparatus
for retarding the drop of the fallers in screw gill boxes, also in combining the
said retarding apparatus with the dabbing brush (when such is used), whereby
both may be operated simultaneously and the one balance the other; and the
improvements consist in the employment of two levers, one on each side of the
gill box hinged intermediately on studs fixed in the side frame, each lever
having a finger projecting upward at one end for the fallers to drop upon
when the said fingers are placed in position, and to the other end of each of
the said levers are attached rods which are each connected with an eccentric
fixed on each of the low screw shafts, by which oscillatory motion is given to
the said levers. When a dabbing brush is used it is connected by a rod or
rods to the last-named end or ends of and operated by the said levers, whereby
both retarding apparatus and dabbing brush are operated simultaneously and
the one balances the other.
A NEW MODE OF PROPELLING RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Burn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1867.
I, CHARLES BURN, of 3, Middle Scotland Yard, in the City of Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW MODE OF PROPELLING RAILWAY OR OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a mechanical contrivance for facilitating the
movement of railway or other carriages and goods' trucks on railways, and
especially at stations, by manual power, and thereby avoiding horse power now
generally employed for that purpose. I accomplish this by the application of
one or more friction wheels to the flanges of the railway carriage or other
wheels, which friction wheel or wheels is or are pressed against and made to
bite the flange of the carriage wheel by means of levers, weights, screws,
eccentrics, or other mechanical contrivances, and when in contact with the
carriage wheels the friction wheels are caused to revolve by manual power,
thereby causing the wheels of the railway carriage to revolve, and by that.
means propelling the carriage. The machine may either be fixed to and
form part of the carriage which is propelled, or it may be distinct and applied
only to the railway carriage when occasion requires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURRETS AND BROADSIDES OF SHIPS OF WAR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Westwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1867.
I, JOSEPH WESTWOOD, of Tredegar House, Bow, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TURRETS AND BROADSIDES OF SHIPS OF WAR," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object the formation of turrets in such a manner
as to admit of guns being pointed from them at an increased number of
angles, thereby facilitating the firing of broadsides with concentrated effect.
For this purpose each turret in a ship or vessel instead of being circular as
usual and admitting only of guns being pointed in a radial direction or nearly
so, is formed with two or more convexities, with plain surfaces between
them, whereby guns may be mounted so as to allow of their being pointed
at an increased number of angles to the longitudinal line of the ship or
vessel.
By means of turrets constructed in this form additional facility is given for
directing and concentrating the fire from several turrets at the same time on
an enemy's vessel.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TREATING FRACTURES OF THE LIMBS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Samuel Jeaffreson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd October 1867.
I, CHRISTOPHER SAMUEL JEAFFRESON, of the Royal Free Hospital, London,
in the County of Middlesex, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TREATING FRACTURES OF THE LIMBS,"
to be as follows:-
In treating a fracture of the leg (for example) it is usual to lay the limb
upon a long narrow pad or cushion formed of lint or filled with cotton, tow, or
other similar fibrous substance and supported on a metallic frame, placing
then upon each side a flat wooden splint, with the interposition of similar pads
at the sides of the limb, and then bind the whole together by straps passing
round the same. These pads, owing to their unequal pressure, often cause
great pain to the patient, and even occasion sores upon the prominent parts of
the limb, they also become very foul from discharges and fomentations, and are
hence frequently not only objectionable but injurious to the patient.
My improvement consists principally in substituting for these pads bags or
pads of india-rubber, waterproof cloth, or other suitable impermeable material.
These bags are provided with tubes and nozzles, by means of which they are
inflated with air or filled with water as may be thought most desirable ;
they will then fit exactly to the limb; and will give an equal pressure at all

page_text: parts. If the limb should swell, and the bandage thus become too tight, a
sufficient quantity of air or water can be withdrawn to afford relief without
disturbing the bandages in the slightest degree, and on the other hand should
the limb shrink an increased quantity of air or water may be forced in. The
surgeon also can conveniently inspect the limb if desirable by simply with-
drawing a certain amount of air or water and displacing the pad slightly with
the band without undoing the straps, and can restore the pad to its original
form and position by restoring an equivalent amount of air or water.
In place of the flat wooden splints usually employed I use splints hollowed
longitudinally inside to fit the form of the limb.
A NEW OR IMPROVED OPTICAL TELEGRAPH
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION, left by Charles Denton Abel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1867. A communication from abroad' by Alexandre Schpakofsky, of St.
Petersburg, Russia, Captain in the Russian Service.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED OPTICAL TELEGRAPH,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of an optical telegraph.
which shall be capable of conveying to a great distance luminous signals,
consisting of flashes of light of different lengths to be interpreted in a manner
analogous to the graphic signals of a "Morse" electric telegraph. For this
purpose an apparatus is constructed consisting of a closed vessel divided by a
horizontal partition into two compartments, the lower one of which is filled
with alcohol, while the upper one is filled with spirit of turpentine. The
stopper to the aperture through which access is gained to the lower compart-
ment carries a wick passing down into the alcohol, so as to constitute a spirit
lamp for igniting the flashes. A vertical tube fixed in the upper compartment
has its lower open end immersed in the turpentine, while the upper end is
formed horizontal and terminates in a small nozzle surrounded by a cylinder
baving a hole opposite the flame of the spirit lamp. In close contiguity with
the said nozzle is the nozzle of a combined suction and force pump worked by
hand, which is made alternately to draw oxygen from a reservoir in connection

page_text: therewith, and to force the same through the nozzle into the before-mentioned
cylinder. By the latter action turpentine is drawn up from the reservoir
through the first-named nozzle, while at the same time the flame of the lamp is
drawn through the before-mentioned hole in the cylinder, and in igniting the
jet composed of a mixture of minute particles of turpentine and oxygen pro-
duces a very vivid flash or flame; this flame is rendered of greater or less
length to represent the dots and dashes of the "Morse" system by imparting
a greater or less length of stroke to the pump, and to regulate this the
handles of the pump work in slits formed in the sides of a cylinder (being a
continuation of the pump cylinder), which slits at a certain distance from the
top have a shoulder on one side, so that when only a short flash is required
the handle is moved down to such shoulder, while when a long flash is
required it is moved down the entire length of the slit. A quick upstroke of
the pump for producing the flashes is effected by a helical spring pressing the
handles upwards after they have been drawn down.
When it is not required to telegraph to very great distances less intense
flashes may be produced by dispensing with the reservoirs of oxygen and
employing atmospheric air instead. When the apparatus is employed in the
open air the flashes are protected by means of a glass cylinder or lantern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE AIR-TIGHT CYLINDERS OR CASES TO BE USED AS PONTOONS AND IN FORMING RAFTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Parratt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1867.
I, GEORGE FREDERICK PARRATT, of Her Majesty's Treasury, Whitehall, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FLEXIBLE AIR-TIGHT CYLINDERS OR CASES TO BE USED AS PONTOONS
AND IN FORMING RAFTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of flexible
air-tight cylinders or cases to be used as pontoons and in forming rafts.
Flexible air-tight cylinders and cases made as at present from fabric water-
proofed with vulcanized india-rubber rapidly decay when exposed to the air after
they have been immersed in water. Attempts have been made to prevent this
by painting directly upon the waterproofed fabric, but such attempts
have altogether failed in consequence of the oil or vehicle of the paint rapidly
destroying the india-rubber.
Now according to my Invention I protect such flexible air-tight cylinders
or vessels so as to render them very durable by cementing over them a strong
case of closely woven fabric and then painting with a rapidly drying paint
over the surface of the case so applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM JACKETS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Alfred Cowper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
January 1867.
I, EDWARD ALFRED COWPER, of No. 35, Great George Street, Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM JACKETS FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
The cylinders of steam engines have long been heated by the direct appli-
cation of steam and of the products of the combustion of fuel, and in such
cases the chamber or passage for receiving such steam or such products of
combustion has been formed by the outside of the cylinder itself, and by other
metal or brickwork arranged at a small distance from the outside of the
cylinder so as to form a space for the steam or for the products of combustion
and enable them to heat the cylinder directly.
Now I have discovered that it is not necessary to have the steam in direct
contact with the cylinders of engines, as has hitherto been generally supposed,
but I find that I can keep the cylinders thoroughly hot by my new construction
of steam jackets, which consists in placing curved boxes full of steam very near
to the outsides and other boxes full of steam very near to the tops and bottoms
of cylinders of engines, and this new means of heating them I find particularly

page_text: advantageous, as being extremely easy of application both to old and new
engines, and highly economical both as to first cost and as to the consumption
of fuel when applied to engines that have not been previously provided with
steam jackets, the economy being the same as with ordinary steam jackets,
which I have found from actual experiment to be as follows, viz., when
expanding four times 19 per cent.; when expanding five times 27 per cent.;
when expanding six times, 44 per cent; and such results are owing to the
simple fact that when no steam jacket is used the cylinder loses a portion of
its heat every time the eduction valve is opened, as the water that has been
condensed from the steam as it entered the cylinder is re-evaporated, and thus
carries with it a portion of the heat of the cylinder in the form of latent heat
in the steam. This action can easily be seen by attaching a glass tube to the
cylinder of an engine, the tube being open to the cylinder at one end and
closed at the other; it can then be seen how very much the steam condenses
at the commencement of a stroke and evaporates when the eduction valve is
opened, and this effect takes place whether the engine is working with full
steam or expansively.
In applying my new form of steam jackets to the cylinders of steam engines
care should be taken to prevent any current of air passing between the
outside of the cylinder and the jacket, as that. would prevent the full
temperature of the jacket being imparted to the cylinder. The jackets should
be supplied with steam direct from the boiler and the condensed water be
allowed to drain from them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND. CLEANING BOTTLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Fleming at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1867.
I, MATTHEW FLEMING, of the Firm of Dick & Fleming, Spirit Merchants
and Bottlers, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING AND.
CLEANING BOTTLES, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention, which has for its object a very effective mode for washing and
cleansing bottles or other vessels for similar use, consists in applying within
an ordinary or other steam boiler a coiled or serpentine pipe communicating
outside the boiler to a cistern or source of water situated by preference above
the level of the bighest bend or coil of the pipe within the boiler; the pipe on
proceeding out of the lower end or side of the boiler is connected to the
washing apparatus. The washing apparatus consists of a framework situated
on a table or platform, the top part of the frame being perforated to receive the
bottles, which are inverted therein over small upright pipes proceeding from
the lower exposed part of the above-mentioned serpentine or coiled pipe. The
lower ends of the several upright pipes are provided with stop-cocks, so that
when any one or more of them is opened by the attendant the hot water is
injected into the interior of the vessels being washed, thereby very effectively

page_text: cleansing them. In the event of the water being too hot its temperature can
be lowered to the required degree by means of the introduction of a quantity
of cold water through the modifying pipe before the hot water escapes through
the upright washing or cleansing pipes, the modifying pipe being also in
connection with the cold water cistern.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th July 1867.-A communication from Henry Rosenthal, residing
at New York City, in the State of New York, United States of
America.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, and 24, Rue
du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRUSHES," a
communication from Henry Rosenthal, a person resident at New York City, in
the State of New York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
The present Invention relates more particularly to paint brushes, and
consists of novel modes of securing or uniting the bristles composing the brush
to its handle.
Figures 1, 2, and 3, are central sections through the brush; Figure 4
a modification of Figure 1.
In Figure 1, A represents the bristles; B, the handle; C, a ferrule or collar,
made of iron or other suitable material, in which the bristles are secured.
Over and to the end D of the ferrule a cap plate or disk E is secured
by means of its prongs F that are secured by rivets a; to this plate E in its
socket G the bandle is inserted and secured, the handle extending through
the socket to (or nearly so) its inner end.

page_text: In Figure 2, A represents a metallic ferrule or collar; B, the bristles ; C,
the handle secured in centre ferrule C, with the space D about the said
ferrule C filled with ciment.
In Figure 3, E represents a metallic ferrule; B, the bristles; F, the handle;
G, a holder having bristles H secured in it, and by its screw shank or stem I t
screwed into the lower end of the handle F, completely filling by its bristles
the opening in the centre of the brush bristles produced by the driving through
of the handle, as above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th December
1867.
I, HENRY GREEN, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Gas Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improved furnace consists of a double set of tubular grate bars formed
by bending tubes the ends of which are connected to two water chambers, one
of which is connected to the upper part of the boiler and the other to the
lower part of the boiler. By this means a circulation is kept up in the boiler
and through the tubular grate bars, and the steam generated in the tubular
bars is carried off into the boiler. The bridge is placed above the level of the
grate bars so as to cause a down draught between the grate bars, and air is
admitted above the grate bars and excluded from under them, consequently
the smoke evolved by the fuel is entirely or to a great extent consumed by
mixing with the air and passing through the fire. In some cases a single
or double set of tubular grate bars may be used connected to a water chest at
each end, or the tubes may be continued beyond the upper bridge and rest
upon a lower bridge so as to direct the draught first down between the grate
bars and then upwards. These tubular bars are applicable to furnaces for
heating gas retorts and other purposes where steam boilers are not used. In
such cases the tubular bars are connected to a cistern containing water to
produce the circulation and to absorb the heat.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ENGINES WORKED BY HEATED AIR OR GAS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Sterry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
December 1867.
I, ARTHUR CHARLES STERRY, of Woodgate Cottage, Ewell, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ENGINES WORKED BY HEATED AIR OR GAS," to be as follows :—
My Invention has for its object the production of motive power by means
of air or gas alternately heated and cooled in separate chambers and always
maintained at a pressure greater than that of the atmosphere, thereby
admitting of an engine being driven by air or gas at a lower temperature than
when the air or gas is admitted to the compressing pump at the atmospheric
pressure, less heat being generated in this pump at the same pressure. The
apparatus for this purpose consists of a cooling chamber and a heating
chamber with a pump between them for forcing the air or gas into the heating
chamber from the cooling chamber, such apparatus being combined with an
engine of any ordinary form suitable for being worked by steam. The air or
gas is supplied to the cooling chamber at the required pressure, whence it
passes into the pump by which it is forced into the heating chamber, aud
passes into the cylinder of the engine; then, after exerting its expansive force
on the piston contained in the cylinder it is returned from the cylinder to the
cooling chamber, where it is cooled but still maintained at a pressure greater
than that of the atmosphere, and again forced into the heating chamber and
thence admitted to the cylinder as before. By means of this apparatus air

page_text: or gas under the requisite pressure is caused to work an engine by circulating
through the apparatus in the manner described, the pressure being main-
tained as required by a pump to supply external air or gas in order to make
up for leakage.
My Invention also relates to apparatus in which the heated air issuing from
the cylinder of the engine on its way to the cooling chamber under pressure
as above stated may be employed to impart some of its heat to the air leaving
the pump before it enters the beating chamber. For this purpose an inter-
mediate chamber and suitable communicating pipes are combined with the
general apparatus. By means of this arrangement of apparatus one current
of air or gas is made to pass through tubes or chambers while the other
current is made to pass around in contact with the same, the effect of
which is the imparting of heat from the hotter current of air or gas to the
cooler.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' WATERCLOSETS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sloan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1867.
I, JAMES SLOAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Painter and
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS' WATERCLOSETS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide a ship's watercloset of simple
construction which shall not be liable to get out of working order, shall allow
the soil to flow freely away, and shall entirely prevent that back passage and
splashing of water which takes place in closets as at present arranged, and is
the cause of much discomfort especially in ships of "light draught" of water.
For these purposes I employ the parts herein-after mentioned arranged as
follows:-I take an ordinary pan and lead the soil pipe connected thereto in
a curved or bent manner into a vessel of cylindrical or other shape placed
alongside the pan; to the bottom of the said vessel which opens to the sea
I fit a flap, a hinged, or other valve; the said valve is connected by a rod
and links or a chain to a weighted lever coupled to a hand pull or lift placed
adjacent to the seat; the weighted lever holds the valve up to its seating.
To flush the closet the weighted lever is raised or moved by force applied to.
the hand pull or lift, and when this is done the weight of the soil on the valve
causes it to open outwards. Should the ship roll or pitch at this time, or
should she be struck by a sea, the valve being free will close against its
seating and prevent back passage and splashing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Wappenstein and Alex-
ander Laidlaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd September 1867.
We, RUDOLPH WAPPENSTEIN and ALEXANDER LAIDLAW, of 3, Bury Court,
St. Mary Axe, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the addition to an ordinary envelope of a metallic
ring or plate with indents or teeth bending upwards or downwards. This
ring or plate is placed in or upon the envelope, and by means of pressure with
the thumb or a stamp the teeth are bent upwards or downwards and thereby
grasp the flaps or folds of the envelope and secure it from being opened without
detection.
AN IMPROVED COFFEE Por
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1867 A communication from abroad by Howard Tilden, of Boston;
Massachusetts, United States of America.>
I, THOMAS BROWN, of No. 96, Newgate Street, in the City of London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare. the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COFFEE Por," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists, first, in the employment of a strainer of peculiar
construction for dividing the lower portion of the coffee pot which contains the
liquid from the upper portion in which the ground coffee is placed. The said
strainer is formed with a rim or Bange to fit the inside of the pot, and is pro-
vided with a hollow stand whose base rests on the bottom of the same. A
tube is attached to the upper end of the hollow stand and extends upward
nearly to the top of the pot, its upper end being provided with a removable
plug or stopper. When pressed by the steam or vapor some of the water
passes up this hollow stand and tube and flows therefrom to the coffee lying
in the strainer, through which it filters or percolates into the space below.
The said improvements consist also in making the strainer adjustable upon its
stand to allow a greater or less quantity of coffee to be conveniently made in
the same pot; and lastly, in the peculiar formation of the pot, whose lower part
is made conical, while the part above the strainer is made cylindrical or parallel.
The strainer is by preference formed of finely perforated sheet tin or other
suitable metal, and may be slightly concave or dished. The rim of the strainer

page_text: extends around its periphery, and is formed to fit the inside of the pot
sufficiently close to prevent the passage of the coffee grounds between the two
surfaces, but will allow the strainer to be readily removed from the pot; the
central part of the said strainer to which the hollow stand is attached is not
perforated, and there is no communication between the strainer and interior of
the said stand. When the strainer is not made adjustable the stand is by
preference made conical, and projects a little through the bottom of the
strainer, the tube being soldered or otherwise, attached to the apex of the cone.
The size of the conical portion of the coffee pot is proportioned to the quantity
of coffee to be made at one time in the same. The spout which is of any
ordinary form communicates with this conical portion, and is provided at its
outer end with a cap or cover to confine the vapor during the making of the
coffee. When the adjustable strainer is employed the stand or portion of the
same is made cylindrical, and the strainer is provided with a central aperture
to fit and slide endwise on the same; or the said aperture. may be fitted to.
slide upon the tube. The form of the pot is modified, to allow the-required
adjustment of the strainer, which is raised or lowered to increase or diminish
the space below the same according to the quantity of coffee to be made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tasker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1867.
I, WILLIAM TASKER, the younger, of the Waterloo Iron Works, near
5 Andover, in the County of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the constructing straw shakers or elevators
for thrashing machines of a number of strips of wood or iron, which may, if
required, be fitted with metallic or wooden pins or pegs projecting on one or
both sides thereof, such strips being attached to leather or other bands working
round pulleys, and receiving motion either from a pulley on the drum shaft or
any other convenient actuating medium. Inside this continuous revolving rake
or elevator is a board which may (if desired) be corrugated or ribbed on its
upper surface, and which may also be perforated; the pins on the inside of
the revolving strips in their transit pass up these corrugations in the board,
and carry with them any short straws or cavings that may have passed between
the strips, allowing the corn to run down the board or through it if it is per-
forated. The pegs on the outside of the strips elevate the straw from the
drum on their return round on the under side of the above board, and when
empty pass through slots cut in a board or plate fixed or moveable, placed
immediately in front of the drum.

page_text: Secondly, in the constructing and applying to the rocking bars of straw
shakers in thrashing machines a flexible hanging bar to carry same, in place
of the fixed bearing at present employed for that purpose.
Third, in strengthening the flexible hanging bars used for carrying the
caving boards and other parts of thrashing machines by placing at each side
and at the top thereof one or more strips of any length, or of any convenient
material or thickness.