Improvements in or connected with Wire Drawing Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Wire Drawing Machines.
We, CARL HARMANN, of Schwerte on the Ruhr, and THEODOR GECK, of
Altena, Westphalia, both in the German Empire, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its principal object, to construct a machine adapted to
draw out sheet iron and other metal wire to a given thickness in a single operation
by means of several draw-plates and drums, and this without occupying too much
space or containing unnecessarily complicated mechanism..
In the following description reference will be made to the accompanying
drawings, of which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a machine embodying our invention,
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
The machine chiefly comprises; a winding drum A for the finished wire, said
drum being loose on a vertical shaft a and connected with the same by a driving
mechanism e adapted to transmit the rotary motion of the said shaft to the drum ;
a suitable number of drawing rollers B, BI, mounted in pairs on vertical spindles b;
a driving chain C adapted to transmit motion from the shaft a to the said spindles
by passing over chain wheels a' b¹ mounted on the same; a main driving shaft D
connected with the vertical shaft a by means of an intermediate shaft E, spur
wheels c, c', bevel wheels d, d', and a disergaging mechanism F adapted to be
worked by hand so as to stop and start the motion of the said drums and drawing
rollers immediately, when desired.
For each pair of drawing rollers B, B', there is a drawplate with or without an
acid trough fand guide roller f³.
As shown by the drawing, the working organs or more essential parts of the
machine, such as the drawing rollers (of which the present example contains four
pairs), the winding drum, and the acid or pickling troughs are all situated above
the platform or table which forms part of the machine frame or support, while the
driving mechanism is placed underneath the same.
The drawing rollers are preferably made of hardened cast steel, in order to
diminish wear and tear, and as the latter takes place only at the places, where the
wire is wound on, the said rollers are preferably made reversible.
The machine works as follows;-
The crude wire c drawn off the drum G is guided through the first drawplate e
to the first pair of drawing rollers B, B', where it is coiled several times on that
roller, which has the smallest diameter (in the drawing it is the lower roller B);
hence it is led underneath the guide roller f¹ and through the pickling trough f
into the drawplate e, and through the same to the small roller B of the second pair,
and so on through the remaining draw-plates (the third and fourth) back to the
first pair of drawing rollers, where the wire, which has already been reduced in
thickness by the preceding operation, is coiled on the largest drawing roller B¹
(in the drawing it is the upper roller).
The wire now travels, in the same manner as described above, through the con-
secutive pickling troughs f, and drawplates (each of which has for this purpose
a second opening smaller than the first), and is wound on each of the draw-
rollers B. From the last draw-roller it is conducted through a pickling trough

page_text: and a draw-plate to the winding drum A. The latter receives the wire in a
circular groove a², where it forms several windings, and from which it is led over
a lateral guide roller e to a wire dressing device e² serving to remove any
accidental bends or kinks, and finally it is wound on the upper part of the drum A
as a finished product. For coarse wire the dressing or straightening device is not
necessary, and the wire may be wound immediately on the upper part of the
drum A.
As the length of the wire increases, whenever its thickness is reduced by passing
through a drawplate, it is necessary, to prevent the sliding of the wire on the
drums by giving to each pair of drums or rollers a greater speed than to the
preceding pair, which increase should correspond to the lengthening of the wire,
and for the same reason the diameter of the upper drum of each pair is larger
than that of the lower.
The acid receptacle or pickling trough inserted between any consecutive draw-
plates serves the usual purpose of cooling and lubricating the wire after each
drawing operation. The composition of the liquid contained in each trough depends
on the thickness of the wire which passes through the same.
Such a machine may be used for drawing wires from 2 millimeter thickness
to the finest numbers. Owing to the arrangement described above, the strain
exercised by the draw rollers on the wire is approximately constant, the same wire
may be drawn out a great number of times in a machine which occupies a small
space, the working organs are all visible and easily accessible and the driving gear
is simplified by the use of a driving chain acting on all the vertical shafts.
Dated this 12th day of March 1895.
pants in or connected with Wire Drawing Machines.
We, CARL HARMANN, of Schwerte on the Ruhr, and THEODOR GECK, of
Altena, Westphalia, both in the German Empire, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
This invention has for its principal object, to construct a machine adapted to
draw out iron and other metal wire to a given thickness in a single operation by
means of several draw-plates and drums, and this without occupying too much
space or containing unnecessarily complicated mechanism.
In the following description reference will be made to the accompanying
drawings, of which Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a machine embodying our
invention, Fig. 2 is a plan of the same, and Figs. 3 to Fig. 7 represent details and
modifications.
The machine chiefly comprises;-a winding drum A for the finished wire, said
drum being loose on a vertical shaft a and connected with the same by a driving
mechanism e adapted to transmit the rotary motion of the said shaft to the drum ;
a suitable number of drawing rollers B, B₁, mounted in pairs on vertical spindles b;
a driving chain C adapted to transmit motion from the shaft a to the said spindles
by passing over chain wheels a¹, b¹ mounted on the same; a main driving shaft D
connected with the vertical shaft a by means of an intermediate shaft E, spur
wheels H, H¹, bevel wheels d, d'; and a disengaging mechanism L, adapted to be
worked by hand so as to stop and start the motion of the said drums and drawing
rollers immediately, when desired.

page_text: For each pair of drawing rollers B, B', there is a draw-plate with an acid
trough F and guide roller f
As shown by the drawing, the working organs or more essential parts of the
machine, such as the drawing rollers (of which the present example contains four
pairs), the winding drum, and the acid or pickling troughs, are all situated above
the platform or table which forms part of the machine frame or support, while the
driving mechanism is placed underneath the same.
The drawing rollers are preferably made of hardened cast steel, in order to
diminish wear and tear, and as the latter takes place only at the places where the
wire is wound on,
the said rollers are preferably made reversible. The circumference
of each roller is concave or conoidal, as shown.
The machine works as follows:-The crule wire drawn off the drun, G, is
guided through the first draw-plate e to the first pair of drawing rollers B, B',
where it is coiled several times on that roller, which has the smallest diameter (in
the drawing it is the lower roller B); hence it is led underneath the guide roller f
situated in the first pickling trough F into the draw-plate e, and through the same
to the small roller B of the second pair, and so on through the remaining draw-
plates (the third, fourth and fifth) back to the first pair of drawing rollers,
where the wire, which has already been reduced in thickness by. the preceding
operation, is coiled on the largest drawing roller B₁ (in the drawing it is the upper
roller).
The wire now travels in the same manner as described above, through the con-
secutive pickling troughs F, and draw-plates (each of which has for this purpose
a second opening smaller than the first), and is wound on the consecutive draw
rollers B. From the last draw-roller but one, it is conducted through a pickling
trough and a draw-plate to the lower part of the winding drum A. The latter
receives the wire in a circular groove a², where it forms several windings, and from
which it is led over a lateral guide roller e, to a wire dressing device 2, serving to
remove any accidental kinks or bends, and finally it is wound on the upper part of
the drum A as a finished product. For coarse wire the dressing or straightening
device is not necessary, and the wire may be wound immediately on the upper
part of the drum A.
As the length of the wire increases, whenever its thickness is reduced by passing
through a draw-plate, it is necessary, to prevent the sliding of the wire on the
drums by giving to each pair of drums or rollers a greater speed than to the
preceding pair; which increase should correspond to the lengthening of the wire,
and for the same reason the diameter of the upper drum of each pair is larger than
that of the lower.
The acid receptacle or pickling trough inserted between any consecutive draw-
plates serves the usual purpose of cooling and lubricating the wire after each
drawing operation. The composition of the liquid contained in each trough depends
on the thickness of the wire which passes through the same.
In the drawings the draw-plates e are held by forks h inserted into socket
plates, and secured at the desired height by means of collars and set screws i.
Some of the pickling troughs have a partition which divides them into two com-
partments; also a lever or yoke k pivoted to one side of the trough and extending
across the same as shown; said lever serving to hold or suspend the bearings
in which are mounted the axles of the guide rollers f, as indicated by Fig. 1.
The pickling trough F may also be adjustable in height by means of a vertical
screw spindle, as shown by Fig. 3. In this figure the construction is further
modified by guiding the wire through the pickling trough in a straight horizontal
direction; that is to say without guide rollers suspended in the trough. Two
opposite sides of the latter have vertical slots, each of which is covered with
a plate m of hard rubber or similar material which is pierced with a sharp instru-
ment for the purpose of guiding the wire and scraping off impurities as it passes
through the plate. By means of this modification the various mechanisms can be
placed nearer together, so as to render the whole arrangement or plant more.

page_text: compact and easier to survey. Fig. 4 is a plan showing the slots e in the walls
of the double trough F. The height of the rollers B, B₁ is rendered adjustable by
mounting them on collars or rings S provided with set-screws.
Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show a device for automatically regulating the tension of the
wire ; Fig. 5 being an elevation, Fig. 6 a plan, and Fig. 7 a section along
line no of Fig. 5.
The said device chiefly comprises a double tension roller T, over which the
wires are guided, a forked roller bearing N, provided at its rear end with a
prismatic bar supported in the stand M. and adapted to slide in the same
longitudinally; and a pair of weights P suspended from chains which pass
over guide rollers R and are attached at their opposite ends to the prismatic rear
extension of the roller bearing N. It will be seen, that the weights P tend to
press the roller T forward, away from the stand M, and as the wire passes over
the roller T, it is subjected to a pressure perpendicular to the motion of the wire.
If a pickling trough is divided into two compartments, as shown, the liquor in each
compartment may have a different strength or composition.
Such a machine may be used for drawing wires from 2 millimeter thickness to
the finest numbers. Owing to the arrangement described above, the strain exercised
by the draw-rollers on the wire is approximately constant, the same wire may be
drawn out a great number of times in a machine which occupies a small space, the
working organs are all visible and easily accessible, and the driving gear is
simplified by the use of a driving chain acting on all the vertical shafts.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A wire drawing machine comprising in its construction a series of draw-
plates e and drawing rollers B, B', of unequal diameter, which rollers are mounted
in pairs on axles b, and so arranged or connected, that the whole of the axles b
may be turned from the shaft of the winding drum A simultaneously by means
of a chain C, and that the wire, after having passed over the drawing rollers B,
may travel in the same manner over the drawing rollers B', substantially as
described.
2. The method of drawing wire in a multiple wire drawing frame, which consists
in causing the wire to pass continuously through the whole series of drawplates
corresponding to the number of rollers or drums, and through a corresponding
number of pickling troughs or compartments, substantially as described.
3. A wire drawing machine having a wire drum and several drawing rollers
mounted on axles adapted to be turned simultaneously by a common driving chain,
substantially as described.
4. A wire drawing machine having drawing rollers of unequal diameters and
mechanism for turning them at different speeds, substantially as described and for
the purpose specified.
5. A wire drawing machine having a winding drum and several drawing
rollers mounted on vertical shafts, and arranged above a horizontal table con-
taining the bearings for the said shafts and the driving gear, substantially
as described.
6. In a wire-drawing machine having draw rollers mounted in pairs on the same
axles, acid or pickling troughs divided into two independent compartments,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
its construction a
7. A multiple wire-drawing machine comprising in
series of vertically adjustable pickling troughs F, with or without partitions,
a series of vertically adjustable draw-plates, and a series of roller axles 6 carrying
pairs of vertically adjustable draw-rollers B, and B' of different diameters and
conoidal shape, each of said pickling or acid troughs having slotted sides armed
with perforated plates of hard rubber or similar material, substantially as and for
the purpose described.

page_text: 8. In a wire-drawing machine of the type described, an automatic tension
regulating device, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6.
Dated this 12th day of December 1895.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London, Agents.