Improvements in Power Hammers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Power Hammers.
I, JEAN BECHE, Jr., of Huckeswagen, in the Province of the Rhine, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows.-
My invention relates to improvements in power-hammers, and the object of
my improvements is to allow of a proper control of the hammer
A proper control of the hammer is obtained by the mechanism illustrated in
the accompanying drawing and it is possible to regulate the stroke of the
hammer head or monkey in such manner, that it may reciprocate without
touching the anvil
I attain these effects by the arrangement of a cock combined with a safety
valve in a manner as afterwards described.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying
drawing, in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the different
views, and in which:
Figure 1 shows the hammer in side view, the main working parts being in
section,
Figure 2 is a detail view in section and shows these parts in another position,
Figure 3 is a section through the valves of the working piston, and
Figures 4 & 5 are detail sectional plan views showing the different positions
of the cock.
The hammer is driven by the revolving shaft which acts by the crank c
upon the connecting rod h and upon the beam /. To this beam is connected the
od n which is pivotted to the guide-piston d The guide-piston is firmly
attached by a tube s to the piston b The piston 6 works within a hollow piston a
which forms or is connected to the hammer head or drop and is provided with
two openings and the adjacent grooves and p.
The guide-piston d and the piston, which forms the hammer head slide
within the cylinder g. The cylinder g has a combination cock f and safety
valve k. The combined cock and valve f k are connected by the tube e with the
opening arranged in the hammer and in the cylinder y and by the passage el
with the upper portion of the cylinder g By this arrangement of the hammer
three spaces in the interior of the hammer are formed The space between
the guiding-piston and the hammer-head a, the space m between the upper
part of the hammer-head and the piston b, and the space m' between the
working-piston b and the lower part of the hammer-head a
The hammer-head a is prevented from turning by a feather 7 which takes into
the groove 43

page_text: The construction of the cock is clearly shown by the cross-sections of the
cock illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 showing two positions of the cock.
It is possible by this arrangement, as shown, to bring tube e and passage e
in connection with the air (Figure 4) or to give to the cock such a position,
that there is only a connection between the space and the safety valve k by
the passage e, see Figure 5.
The special construction of the piston b 18 clearly to be seen in Figures 1
and 3. Two valves are arranged on the upper side of the piston and the
spaces beneath the valves are in connection with the hollow piston-1od which is
closed at its lower end, and has in its upper end an opening leading to the
air.
The working of the hammer is as follows:
The beam oscillates with great speed by the action of the crank c. At first
the action of the hammer will be described, supposing the cock f to be opened,
see Figure 4. When the hammer-head a is in its lowest position, as is illus-
trated in Figure 1, the guide-piston d begins to rise and with it the working
piston b, which is firmly attached to the piston d The hammer-head a remains
in its lowest position until the au compressed in the space m has a pressure
suficient to bear and to raise the weight of the hammer-head. When this
pressure is obtained, the hammer-head a 11ses. The speed of the rising guide-
piston d increases more and more, until it has reached its mid-position The
hammer-head a which had in its middle position the greatest speed, keeps this
speed for a short time and approaches the guide-piston d; thereby the space 2
between these two pistons is diminished and a portion of the air contained in
the interior between these two pistons is expelled through the outlet k¹. When
the piston d is in its highest position, the hammer-head a, which has lost at
last its momentum begins to fall and the distance between and is increased
Thereby the pressure in the closed space m is increased until it is capable
of bearing the weight of the hammer-head. Then the distance remains constant
as long as the speed of the descending piston is not greater than the speed
attained by the action of gravity upon the hammer-head.
When the speed of the descending piston d becomes greater than that of the
hammer-head a due to gravity the distance between d and is diminished more
and more, whereby the position of the working piston to the hammer-head a
is altered until the piston b closes the opening z at the lower side of the hammer-
head a.
Meanwhile the descending piston d could not have any influence on
the descent of the hammer-head a, fistly because in the space? no pressure can
be attained, secondly, because in the space m no vacuum could arise, (in conse-
quence of the arrangement of the valves o and the connection with the atm -
sphere through s¹), thirdly, because the passage z¹ in opening into the space in
was in connection with the air
As soon as the opening z is closed by the piston b, a compression of the air
in the lower part of the monkey begins and this compression assists in throw-
ing the hammer-head upon the anvil.
It is clear that by the compression in the lower part of the space m' the action
of the weight on the anvil is highly increased When the guide piston d rises
again, the action of the cock f on the tube e begins. As soon as the piston d
rises, the piston 6 firmly attached to it ises in the same manner, and it expels
the air in the space m through the tube e and the cock f. Thereby the piston b
gets the position shown in Figure 1 and the rising of the hammer-head a begins.
I attain the strongest stroke of the hammer, if I open the cock f. If I close
this cock somewhat, the strength of the stroke is diminished, and if I close the
cock completely, the hammer-head moves upwards and downwards at some height
above the anvil and without touching it.
When the cock is completely closed, the hammer never can get a lower posi-
tion, than illustrated in Figure 2. It is raised by the action of the different
pistons and vibrates up and down in the relative positions illustrated in Figure 2.

page_text: The safety valve
prevents any undue pressure especially when the cock f is
suddenly closed or nearly so.
Dated this 6th day of February. 1899.
Improvements in Power Hammers.
I, JEAN BECHE, Jr., of Huckeswagen, in the Province of the Rhine, German
Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in power-hammers, and the object of
my improvements is to allow of a proper control of the hammer.
A proper control of the hammer is obtained by the mechanism illustrated in
the drawing filed with my Provisional Specification and it is possible to regulate
the stroke of the hammer-head or monkey in such manner, that it may recipro-
cate without touching the anvil
I attain these effects by the arrangement of a cock combined with a safety
valve in a manner as afterwards described
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the drawing filed with
my Provisional Specification, in which similar letters denote similar parts
throughout the different views, and in which;
Fig. 1 shows the hammer in side view, the main working parts being in
section,
Fig. 2 is a detail view in section and shows these parts in another position,
Fig. 3 is a section through the valves of the working piston, and
Figures 4 & 5 are detail sectional plan views showing the different positions
of the cock.
The hammer is driven by the revolving shaft c which acts by the crank c
upon the connecting 1od and upon the beam 7. To this beam is connected the
10d n which is pivotted to the guide-piston d The guide-piston is firmly
attached by a tube s to the piston b. The piston works within a hollow piston a
which forms or is connected to the hammer head or drop and is provided with
two openings and the adjacent grooves r and p
The guide-piston d and the piston a, which forms the hammer head slide
within the cylinder g. The cylinder g has a combination cock f and safety
valve k. The combined cock and valve f k are connected by the tube e with the
opening arranged in the hammer and in the cylinder g and by the passage e¹
with the upper portion of the cylinder g By this arrangement of the hammer
three spaces in the interior of the hammer are formed. The space between
the guiding-piston d and the hammer-head a, the space m between the upper
part of the hammer-head a and the piston b, and the space m¹ between the
working-piston b and the lower part of the hammer-head a.
The hammer-head a is prevented from turning by a feather 9 which takes into
the groove P
The construction of the cock is clearly shown by the cross-sections of the
cock illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 showing two positions of the cock.
It is possible by this arrangement, as shown, to bring tube e and passage e¹

page_text: in connection with the air (Figure 4) or to give to the cock such a position
that there is only a connection between the space i and the safety valve. by
the passage el, see Figure 5.
ܝܐ،
The special construction of the piston is clearly to be seen in Figures 1
and 3. Two valves o are arranged on the upper side of the piston and the
spaces beneath the valves are in connection with the hollow piston-rod which i
closed at its lower end, and has in its upper end an opening s¹ leading to the
air.
The working of the hammer is as follows:
The
The beam oscillates with great speed, by the action of the crank c. At first
the action of the hammer will be described, supposing the cock f to be opened,
see Figure 4 When the hammer-head as in its lowest position, as is illus
tiated in Figure 1, the guide-piston begins to use and with it the working
piston b, which is firmly attached to the piston d The hammer-head a remains
in its lowest position until the air compressed in the space m has a pressure
sufficient to bear and to raise the weight of the hammer-head. When this
pressure is obtained, the hammer-head a rises The speed of the rising guide-
piston increases more and more, until it has reached its mid-position
hammer-head a which had in its middle position the greatest speed, keeps this
speed for a short time and approaches the guide-piston d; thereby the space i
between these two pistons is diminished and a portion of the air contained in
the interior between these two pistons is expelled through the outlet k... When
the piston
is in its highest position, the hammer-head a, which has lost at
last its momentum begins to fall and the distance between d and a is increased.
Thereby the pressure in the closed space m 18 increased, until it is capable
of bearing the weight of the hammer-head Then the distance remains constant
as long as the speed of the descending piston d is not greater than the speed
attained by the action of gravity upon the hammer-head.
When the speed of the descending piston & becomes greater than that of the
hammer-head a due to gravity the distance between and a is diminished more
and more, whereby the position of the working piston to the hammer-head a
is altered until the piston & closes the opening z at the lower side of the hammer-
head .
Meanwhile the descending piston d could not have any influence on
the descent of the hammer-head a, firstly, because in the space no pressure can
be attained, secondly, because in the space m no vacuum could arise, (in conse-
quence of the arrangement of the valves o and the connection with the atmo-
sphere through s¹), thirdly, because the passage in opening into the space nu
was in connection with the air.
1
As soon as the opening is closed by the piston b, a compression of the air
in the lower part of the monkey a begins and this compression assists in throw-
ing the hammer-head upon the anvil
L
*
It is clear that by the compression in the lower part of the space m¹ the action
of the weight on the anvil is highly increased. When the guide-piston .rises
again, the action of the cock f on the tube e begins. As soon as the piston d
rises, the piston 6 firmly attached to it, rises in the same manner and it expels
the air in the space m through the tube e and the cock f. Thereby the piston b
gets the position shown in Figure 1 and the rising of the hammer-head a begins.
I attain the strongest stroke of the hammer, if I open the cock f. If I close
this cock somewhat, the strength of the stroke is diminished, and if I close the
cock completely, the hammer-head moves upwards and downwards at some height
above the anvil and without touching it.
When the cock is completely closed, the hammer never can get a lower posi-
tion, than illustrated in Figure 2. It is raised by the action of the different
pistons and vibrates up and down in the position illustrated in Figure 2.
The safety valve k prevents any undue pressure especially when the cock fis
suddenly closed or nearly so.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
In power hammers, the combination with a guide-piston (), a working
piston (b), a monkey (a) and a combined cock and safety valve (f), connect-
ing tubes (e e¹) connecting the cock-valve with the interior of the hammer, for
the purpose and substantially as described
1000
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, WC., Agents for the Applicant.