Improvements in and in Apparatus for Forming and Shaping Articles of Metal.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 31st Dec., 1889-Accepted, 8th Feb., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by ALFRED WEED, of Tarrytown on Hudson, in the
State of New York, one of the United States of America, Engineer.]
Improvements in and in Apparatus for Forming and Shaping Articles
of Metal.
I JULIUS EDWARD Vos of 49 George Street, Manchester, in the county of
Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to the forming and shaping of articles of metal, and my
invention consists in imparting the desired shapes by means of reciprocating dies
between which the metal bars may be carried and subjected to repeated compressions
as fully set forth hereinafter and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in
which :-
Fig. 1 is a face view of one of the dies illustrating the progressive formation
of a blank.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the dies looking in the direction indicated by the arrow 1
of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is an end view of the dies looking in the direction indicated by the arrow 2
of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of a machine embodying my invention.
Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on the line 5, 5 of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 an end view looking in the direction indicated by the arrow a, of Fig. 4.
Fig. 7 is a detached view of the holder and blank.
Fig. 8 is a detached view illustrating means for tilting the carrier.
In carrying out my improved method of shaping and forming articles of metal,
1 make use of a carrier by means of which the metal bar to be shaped is moved
between the dies; of a rotating holder supported by and forming part of the carrier,
and serving to hold and rotate the bar as it is carried between the dies; and of two
dies between which the bar is carried, one or both of which dies is or are recipro-
cated so as to compress the bar and release it alternately by short and frequently
repeated movements, and the said dies are so shaped as to gradually impart the
desired form to the bar as it is rocked or rotated and carried comparatively
slowly between the dies from one end of the said dies to the other end thereof.
Before describing the entire mechanism of a machine for carrying out my
improvement in the mode of manufacture I will describe the latter and illustrate the
same in connection with a pair of dies only, inasmuch as the die moving mechanism,
the carrier and holder may be constructed and operated in various different ways.
Thus in Fig. 1, A represents the lower die constructed for the purpose of imparting
a tapering form to the end of a bar or blank X. To this end the said die has a
riba, narrow at the end where the bar X approaches the dies and gradually widening
towards the opposite end where it merges into an inclined face y, corresponding in
its inclination to the taper to be imparted to the end of the bar, the rear face w, of
the rib inclining downward as best shown in Fig. 2.
The die A.' corresponds in form to the die A, except that the parts are reversed so
that there are two widening ribs x, x¹, with diverging rear faces w, w' and with con-
verging faces y, y¹.
Reciprocating movements to and from each other being imparted to the dies A, A',
and the blank or bar X being carried in the direction indicated by the arrow 1,
Fig. 1, towards and between the dies, A, A', the bar or blank is subjected to a series
of repeated squeezing operations between the ribs of the dies which first indent the

page_text: bar forming a neck Fig. 1 but as the bar is rotated or rocked and carried in the
direction indicated by the arrow 1 and the width of the ribs x, x¹ increases the extent
of the indentation also increases with the effect of gradually drawing out the end of
the bar and gradually reducing it to a tapering or conical form or shape, the rotation
of the bar causing the pressures to be brought uniformly upon all sides of the bar
whereby the conical form of the elongation is secured.
As the reduced end of the bar passes on to the flattened inclined converging
faces y, the desired finish is imparted so that when the bar passes from between the
dies, its end is of a smooth, conical form. By this means the desired form is
imparted to the bar without cutting the metal, and thus the strength and other
advantages secured by maintaining the
skin"
upon the metal unimpaired are
preserved.
"
Where a tapering rather than a conical form is to be imparted to the bar, or where
it is to be flat sided as for instance, square or polygonal in cross section, the rotation
of the bar instead of being by short movements, is in extended steps, each a part of
a revolution, the movement being intermitted during the time the pressure takes
place. By varying the form of the ribs x, x¹, or by otherwise altering the forms or
proportions of the dies, bars or blanks may be drawn.to other desired forms as may
be necessary for various purposes, as for instance, in the manufacture of dental tools,
or drills, or of coupling pins for railway cars, and various other articles.
In the remaining figures of the drawings I have illustrated a complete machine
embodying means for moving one die, the other being stationary, and for imparting
a continuous rotation, as well as a travelling movement to the blanks.
The frame B, of the machine is of any suitable construction with a support 2 for
the lower die A, a plunger 1, to which the upper die A¹ is connected, the said
plunger sliding vertically in guides of the frame and receiving its reciprocating
motion from an excentric 3, upon a shaft 4, turning in bearings in the frame. The
shaft 4, is provided with a bevel wheel 5, gearing with a bevel wheel 6, upon a shaft 7,
which is driven from the shaft 4, which may be provided with any suitable driving
pulley, and at the ends of the shafts 7, are two disc cranks 8, 40, having adjustable
crank-pins, 9, connected with rods 10, 41.
The rod 10, is connected with an arm 12 having a hub 13, which rocks upon a
shaft 14 that extends through the bearing 16 which is "threaded" to receive the
screw portion 17, of the shaft, and in the said shaft 14 are longitudinal recesses 18,
with which engages a spring pawl 19, so that as the arms 12, are rocked, the pawl 19
will turn the shaft 14 with a step by step motion that gradually feeds the screw
portion 17, of the shaft 14 through the "threaded" bearing 16.
The screw portion 17 of the shaft 14 extends through a carrier c, consisting of a
frame and a bevel wheel 28, on the end of the shaft 14 which bevel wheel 28 gears
with a bevel wheel 29 upon the holder D, which is in the form of a hollow sleeve,
extending through the frame and provided with a set screw 20, for holding the bar ✗,
Fig. 7. which is passed through the holder until its end lies over the face of the
lower die.
As the shaft 14 is rotated with a step by step movement, the holder D, receives a
like rotary movement so that the bar is turned as the carrier is moved laterally and
between each squeezing action of the die.
To the opposite end of the carrier C is connected a shaft 42 mounted in the
bearing 15 in line with the shaft 14 and having in it two longitudinal grooves 183, 18%,
as shown in Fig. 8. and an arm 43 swinging on the shaft 42 and operated by the
rod 41 carries a double ended pawl 19ª, pivoted to swing first to one side and then
to the other as the arm 43 is reciprocated, thereby rocking the shaft 42 first in one
direction and then in the other, thereby lifting the bar from the lower die, as the
carrier moves onward.
I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise construction
and arrangement of parts shown as the apparatus and its mode of operation may be
somewhat modified without departure from the principles of my invention.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The herein described improvement in forming or shaping metallic articles which
consists in operating by means of opposite dies one or each of which alternately
approaches towards and recedes from the other, upon a bar carried between the dies
in order that it may be subjected to repeated pressures while being rotated or rocked
substantially as set forth.
2. The combination in a machine for forming or shaping articles of metal, of
parallel dies and mechanism for moving one or each of such dies to and from the
other and a carrier for a bar or blank moving longitudinally opposite the said dies
and provided with a holder for the bar or blank mounted so as to be capable of being
turned in bearings on the said carrier, substantially as set forth.
3. In the hereinbefore described machine for forming or shaping articles of metal,
the combination with dies one or both of which is or are caused to reciprocate of a
carrier moving opposite the said dies a holder for a bar or blank supported by the said
carrier and mechanism for turning the said holder intermittingly substantially as set
forth.
4. In the herein before described machine for forming or shaping articles of metal,
the combination with the dies of a longitudinally moving carrier and mechanism for
rocking the said carrier intermittingly substantially as set forth.
5. In the hereinbefore described machine for forming or shaping articles of metal,
the combination of the parts for supporting the dies, the mechanism for operating
the dies; the dies each provided with a gradually widening rib and the carrier for
carrying a bar between the dies substantially as set forth.
6. For use in a machine for forming or shaping articles of metal the dies herein-
before described each provided with a rib gradually widening from one end to the
other substantially as set forth.
Dated this Thirtieth day of December 1889.