Improvements in India Rubber Tyres, Hoops, and Bands, and in the Method of Applying or Fixing them to Wheels, Pulleys, Rollers, and other Objects.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in India Rubber Tyres, Hoops, and Bands, and
in the Method of Applying or Fixing them to Wheels,
Pulleys, Rollers, and other Objects.
We, CHARLES MOSELEY, Manufacturer and BENJAMIN BLUNDSTONE, Manager
both of the Chapelfield Works Manchester in the County of Lancaster do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA RUBBER TYRES
HOOPS AND BANDS AND IN. THE METHOD OF APPLYING OR FIXING THEM TO
WHEELS PULLEYS ROLLERS AND OTHER OBJECTS to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to tyres hoops and bands consisting wholly of hard india
rubber or partly of hard and partly of soft india rubber compounds or mixtures
and to the method of applying or fixing such tyres hoops or bands to wheels
pulleys rollers and similar objects.
The india rubber compound or mixture of which the tyre hoop or band or the
hard portion thereof consists must be such a compound or mixture as will after
vulcanization be comparatively hard and rigid and be capable of being rendered
temporarily soft and extensible or compressible by the application of heat. When
soft or elastic india rubber compounds or mixtures are employed in conjunction
with the hard compound in the construction of the tyre hoop or band such soft
compounds or mixtures may be used as are ordinarily employed in the manufacture
of tyres.
The hard or composite tyre hoop or band is vulcanized in a mould in the ordinary
manner or by other suitable means and is applied or fixed to the pulley wheel
roller or other object after vulcanization in the manner or by the method herein-
after described.
Under normal conditions the comparative rigidity of the hard vulcanized india
rubber compound will prevent the tyre hoop or band being applied or fixed to the
wheel pulley roller or other object unless it is constructed of the same or approxi-
mately the same diameter as its seating.
If however the tyre hoop or band as hereinbefore described is immersed in hot or
boiling water or otherwise suitably heated it will become temporarily soft and capable
of extension or compression and while in this state may be fixed in or upon or be
applied to a wheel pulley roller or other object of larger or smaller diameter than
the tyre hoop or band or be stretched over flanges pins or other projections into the.
seating. The hard vulcanized compound upon cooling will resume its comparative
hardness and inflexibility and so become firmly fixed in the desired position.
DL 110
AD 1007

page_text: Improvements in India Rubber Tyres, Hoops, and Bands, and
in the Method of Applying or Fixing them to Wheels,
Pulleys, Rollers, and other Objects.
We CHARLES MOSELEY, Manufacturer and BENJAMIN BLUNDSTONE, Manager,
both of the Chapelfield Works, Manchester in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention relates to the manufacture and application of India rubber tyres
hoops or bands consisting partly of hard and partly of soft India rubber or com-
pounds thereof the hard portion being that by which the tyre hoop or band is to be
applied to the wheel or the like with which it is used and the soft portion forming
the tread or wearing surface of the tyre hoop or band and the Invention consists
of the use of certain compounds or mixtures or kinds of India rubber one of a
hard and the other of a soft quality the relative qualities being so adjusted or
selected and proportioned to each other that the tyre hoop or band will after
vulcanization and at ordinary atmospheric temperatures be comparatively hard
inextensible and unyielding as regarded as a whole so as not to be liable to become
accidentally detached from its position on the article to which it is applied whilst
at the same time its soft portions will have the yielding qualities necessary for the
bearing surface of the tyre hoop or band but which India rubber or compounds
thereof (both the hard and soft kinds) become at higher temperatures artificially
applied as hereinafter described soft extensible and pliable so that they can be by
extension applied to the wheel or the like with which they are to be used and
resume their former dimensions or approximately so on being released from tension
and on cooling to ordinary temperatures become firmly fixed in position-The
applying or fixing of the tyres hoops or bands made as herein before described to
wheels, pulleys, rollers or similar objects, is effected by rendering the comparatively
bard India rubber compound temporarily soft and extensible by heat so that they
may be stretched and placed in position and be thereafter released from tension so
that they embrace the article to which they are applied the relative qualities of the
two kinds of India rubber or compounds of India rubber employed allowing of this
mode of application being successfully performed and when the said tyres hoops or
bands become cool they are fixed firmly in their position by the unyielding nature
of the hard India rubber compound when in a cooled state their fixture being
assisted or not by means of pins projections or other modes of fastening which may
be of ordinary or well known descriptions. The tyres hoops or bands may have
any required dimensions and sectional form.
In order to retain the requisite degree of cushion or softness of tread in the tyres
hoops or bands it is convenient to make the soft portion of the tyre hoop or band
form as much of the complete tyre hoop or band as possible (compatible with the
tyre possessing the requisite rigidity and inextensibility at ordinary atmospheric

page_text: temperatures) in order to compensate for the loss of compressible or yielding sub-
stance consequent upon the introduction or use of the hard constituent.
On the accompanying sheet of drawings are illustrated in transverse section a few
convenient sections of tyres hoops or bands as examples.
In figures 1 and 3 the hard portion has a groove in it which fits over the heads
of the spokes or over a corresponding rib on the periphery of the wheel or the like
or in the groove around the periphery of the wheel or the like provided for the
reception of the tyre hoop or band.
In figures 2, and 6 the tyre is represented as having the ordinary circular section
commonly adopted for velocipede wheels, in fig. 2 the hard portion is crescent
shaped in section but it may have a semicircular or other form as may be deter-
mined by the use to which the tyre has to be applied-Instead of the hard portion
consisting of a single or connected portion as represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 it
may be employed in two or more separate parts as indicated in Figs. 5 and 6-In
the several figures the soft portion of the tyre hoop or band is marked A and the
hard portion is marked B.
Suitable compounds or mixtures for the purpose of this Invention as applied to
the hard and soft portions of the tyres hoops or bands considered separately are
well known to Manufacturers of India rubber but it is necessary that the relative
qualities of the hard and soft portions in respect to their change under the influence
of heating and cooling should be such that neither the hard portion nor the soft
portion shall interfere with the individual functions to be fulfilled by each portion
-The following are descriptions of hard and soft portions which will fulfil practical
requirements but we wish it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves
necessarily to the precise details stated as an example and as a practical direction
for the successful carrying out of the Invention-For the hard portion of the tyre
hoop or band two parts of India rubber are mixed with one part of sulphur and
incorporated with or laid upon a strip or stripe of cloth cut from the piece
diagonally and being preferably of the description known as Canvas.
Care must be exercised in selecting the mixture for the hard compound and in
its vulcanization to secure a tough product which at ordinary atmospheric tem-
peratures will be comparatively hard and practically inextensible but which when
heated to considerably above the ordinary temperature to which it will be subjected
when applied and in use will become soft and extensible and upon again cooling
will resume its former properties-The precautions to be observed in obtaining
such a product of hard India rubber or compound of India rubber are well under-
stood by Manufacturers of India rubber and require no directions beyond those
stated above.
For the soft portion of the tyre hoop or band sixteen parts of India rubber and
three parts of red sulphide of antimony will form a suitable material for the
purposes of this Invention.
It is to be understood that we do not claim the separate proportions of the hard
and soft India rubber or India rubber compounds.
The tyres hoops or bands consisting partly of hard and partly of soft India
rubber or India rubber compounds as herein before described are vulcanized in a
mould of the required form in the ordinary manner or by other suitable means and
are subsequently applied or fixed in position upon or in the periphery of the wheel
or the like as hereinafter described.
Hitherto India rubber tyres hoops and bands have generally been applied or
fixed to wheels pulleys rollers and similar objects by means of cement by flanges
bolts pins screws or by other mechanical means or they have been vulcanized in
position but these methods have in practice been found to be defective inconvenient
or expensive-According to this Invention the tyres hoops or bands are softened
by the application of artificial heat as herein after described and are then stretched
and placed upon their seatings while temporarily in a soft pliable and extended
condition-The stretching is then relieved and the tyre hoop or band returns to its
normal condition or nearly so and on cooling to ordinary temperatures the hard

page_text: portion again becomes practically inextensible and is owing to this return to the
inextensible condition firmly held in position in or on the wheel or the like which
may be provided as aforesaid with the ordinary or any suitable means for retaining
the tyre hoop or band in position.
To fix the tyre hoop or band constructed as herein before described it is according
to our said Invention heated to a higher temperature than the highest temperature
which it will be subjected to while in use so that it becomes temporarily soft and
capable of extension or compression―This heating can be most conveniently
effected by immersing the tyre hoop or band in hot or boiling water-While in this
soft or extensible state the tyre hoop or band can be fixed in or upon or be applied
to a wheel pulley or other object of larger smaller or the same diameter than or as
itself and if required be stretched over flanges pins or other projections at the side
of or on the seating-The hard portion when it has cooled will resume the com-
parative hardness toughness and rigidity which it possessed before heating and thus
become firmly fixed in the desired position.
We are aware that tyres hoops and bands have already been constructed of hard
or partly of hard and partly of soft India rubber compounds or mixtures and that
these have been applied or fixed in and by various mechanical appliances and we
do not make any claim to composite India rubber tyres so fixed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
First. The manufacture of tyres hoops or bands of India rubber or India rubber
compounds of which the part next the wheel or the like is comparatively hard and
inextensible at ordinary temperatures but is of such a nature as to be capable of
being rendered comparatively soft and extensible by the artificial application of
heat and the other or outward part is soft at ordinary temperatures but is of a
kind which will not interfere with the above mentioned qualities of the hard
portion all substantially as and in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore
described.
Secondly. Applying or fixing India rubber compound tyres hoops or bands
constructed as herein before set forth and claimed by artificially heating them, then
extending or stretching them and passing them on to the wheel pulley rollers or
the like and removing the stretching tension and allowing them to cool substantially
as hereinbefore described.