Improvements relating to the Production of Ornamental Mouldings, Panels, and the like, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1890-Accepted, 22nd Nov., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by GEORGE L. SANDERSON, of Williamsport,
Pennsylvania, United States of America, Manufacturer.]
Improvements relating to the Production of Ornamental Mouldings,
Panels, and the like, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
45 Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement
--
The invention relates to the production of ornamental mouldings, panels, trims, etc.,
by cross-cutting, grooving, or channeling the surface of wood. The invention
includes a machine and various attachments thereto in the nature of guides, whereby
different patterns may be easily and cheaply made, and also modes of combining the
cut material to produce more complex configurations.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 represents a simple forin of machine to which, for purposes of clearness of
description, the various attachments are shown applied.
Figs. 1 to 13 inclusive relate to a guide for producing a pattern of radiating
channels or grooves, as illustrated in Fig. 13. Fig. 1 is a side elevation, with the
table in section. Fig. 2 is a plau view. Fig. 3 is a section on the line A A of
Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detailed plan view. Figs. 5 and 9 are sections on line X X
of Fig. 4. Figs. 6 and 8 sections on line YY, Fig. 4. Fig. 7 a section on line ZZ,
Fig. 4. Fig. 10 is a section on line X X¹, Fig. 4. Fig. 11 shows a movable block,
Fig. 12 a wedge separately, and Fig. 13 a completed panel.
Figs. 14, 15 16 and 17 represent a guide for producing a star-shaped pattern, such
as shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 14 is a vertical section on the line X X of Fig. 15.
Fig. 15 is a section on the line Y Y of Fig. 14. Fig. 16 shows the work attached
to the under side of the guide plate. Fig. 17 shows the upper side of the plate and
the directing bar. Figs. 18, 19, 20 and 21 represent a guide for producing a pattern
of radiating grooves, as shown in Fig. 21. Fig. 18 is a section on line X X of
Fig. 20. Fig. 19 is a top view. Fig. 20 is a section on line Y Y of Fig. 18, and
Fig. 21 is a bottom view of the work and guide plate.
Figs. 22, 23 and 24 illustrate a mode of making a composite structure, as, for
example, an open-work panel, the lumber being cross-cut, as shown in Figs. 22 and 23,
and then put together, as shown in Fig. 24.
Figs. 25 to 29 inclusive show a mode of making curved or return channels,
the material being cut as shown in Figs. 26, 27 and 28, and put together as shown in
Fig. 29.
Figs. 30 to 47 inclusive represent various patterns produced by cross-cutting, as
hereinafter described. Figs. 48, 49, 50 and 51 inclusive shows plan and sectional
views of a machine of the class represented in Fig. 1 provided with means for raising
and lowering the work table.
Referring first to Fig. 1, 1 is the table of the machine supported on a suitable
standard. On the edge of the table is a guide flange 7. Under the table is a shaft 5
driven by a belt on pulley 6, and carrying a rotary cutter head on which are suitably
formed knives 4. Said head enters an opening 2 in the table 1, and operates upon
the work which rests upon the table. 12 is a bar connected to the sliding bar 11, and
provided at its extremity with a pin, or any other suitable means for securing a work-
plate in place. The guide bar 11 is kept in contact with the flange 7, and the
workman grasping the bar 12 moves the work over the cutter head 3, which, in the
manner hereafter to be explained, produces a groove or channel on the under side.
It is found that cutting may be effected across the grain, of wood without producing

page_text: any splintering by driving the cutter head at a very high speed while moving the
work at a slow speed. Thus the cutter head may be driven at the rate of from 2000
to 5000 revolutions per minute, and the material gradually fed to
the workman.
by the hand of
Referring next to the guide shown in Figs. 1° to 13: 8 is the work plate to which
is secured between clamping bars 9, the panel 10, on which is to be produced a
number of channels radiating from a common centre. At the end of arm 12 is a
short metal bar 14, having a socket 13 and a pivot pin 15.
Upon the upper side of the work plate 8, is attached a metal plate 17, provided
with longitudinal flanges 18 forming a dove-tail slide to receive the semicircular
plate 19. Plate 19 has a semicircular channel 20 and a pillar 21, from which rises a
pin 22. There is also upon said plate a screw-bolt 23 and two pins 24. Within the
semicircular channel 20, are arranged a number of similar wedge-shaped blocks, a,
which slide in said channel, and are retained therein by projections b. Interposed
between the blocks, a, are wedges, c, Fig. 8. All of these wedges are loose except
the middle wedge c', Figs. 4 and 7. Pins 25, Fig. 7, allow of vertical movement of
the wedge c', but prevent its lateral displacement. At each end of the series of
wedges and blocks, are two sliding pieces, 26, 27, each having a screw 28, Fig. 9,
which, when turned down, clamps said sliding pioce immovably in place.
29 is a metal plate provided with apertures to receive the screw-bolt 23 and the
fixed pins 24. Passing through said plate 29, and bearing upon the semicircular
plate 19, are two set screws 30. The plate 29 is confined in place by the nut 31 on
bolt 23.
On flange 18 of plate 17 is a dove-tail groove to receive a bar, 32. In this bar
is a number of holes, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, spaced at uniform intervals apart. The
upper surfaces of the bar 32 and of the opposite flange 18, are level. Attached
to the semicircular plate 19 by means of a leaf spring 38, is a pin 39 which
enters the holes 33, &c., in the bar 32, as shown in Fig. 7.
The panel being adjusted in the work plate, is placed on the table face down-
wards and above the rotary cutter 3. The pin 22 is then inserted in the socket 13
on the end of arm 12. Hence, the pin 15, when the work-plate is turned on the
pin 22 as a centre, will describe a circular path, coinciding with the channel 20;
and the end of pin 15 will pass over the series of wedges c, placed in said channel.
In each wedge c, there is a hole d, into which the pin 15 may be inserted, when
the work-plate will be held at a determinate angle, depending upon the distance
in are of the hole in which the pin 15 is inserted from the line Z Z of Fig. 4.
In cutting a channel F in the panel in a direction at right angles to arm 12, the
parts will appear as shown in Fig. 2. If it were desired to make a second
channel, as G or G, Fig. 13, radiating from one end of the channel Fas a
centre, the attendant would lift the pin 15 and turn the work-plate on the pin 22
as a pivot, to iring the aperture in another wedge c located at one side or the
other of the central wedge into position, and then insert the pin 15 into the hole
in the wedge thus brought into place. The work-plate is thus set at a new angle
with reference to the cutter. In this way, by turning the work-plate over greater
angles, and fastening it in place by inserting the pin 15 in the apertures of the
wedges c, other channels, H H¹, I I', for example, may be produced, radiating from a
common centre J.
To make a new series of radiating channels starting from a new centre, as J¹,
Fig. 13, the pin 39 is then lifted out of the aperture 34, Fig. 4, and the semi-
circular plate 19 is slid along in the plate 18 until the spring pin 39 can enter a new
hole in the bar 32, as for example, the hole 35. The position of the pivot pin 22
will be displaced, and a series of channels K, L, M, Fig. 13, may be cut radiating
from J¹. And this operation may be repeated from as many new centres as there
are apertures in bar 32. The result is the production of a pattern, such as shown in
Fig. 13; which pattern may be modified in various ways; as by substituting for the
bar 32 another bar containing more or less adjusting holes, 33, 34, &c.
From Fig. 13, it will be seen that from the point J, seven channels, namely,

page_text: I, H, G. F, G, H, I, radiate, being separated by equal angles. To produce these
channels, the work plate must be adjusted on its centre pin 22 seven times. To hold
the plate in adjustment, seven wedges, c, must be arranged, so that the pin 15 in
being transferred from the hole in one wedge to the hole in the next, will pass over
equal angles; and the distance between the holes in the extreme wedges of the series
of seven must equal the distance between adjacent apertures in the bar 32, Fig. 4.
The adjustment of the wedges and blocks is done by hand, the nut 31 on the
bolt 23 being loosened and the set screws 28 being slackened so that the sliding
pieces 26 and 27 may slide freely in the channel 20. The blocks, a, are then pushed
together or moved apart until the holes in the extreme wedges, c, of the series of
seven, are a triflo inside their final position. Then the nut 31 is screwed down, so
that the presser plate 29 is brought down upon the upper faces of all the wedges, c,
and this plate in its descent, causes all the wedges to separate by an equal increment
until the distance between the holes in the said extreme wedges is brought equal to
the distance between adjacent apertures, as 34, 35, in the bar 32. The screws 28 in
the sliders 26, 27, are then tightened, so that further lateral motion of the wedges
and blocks is prevented, and the set screws 30 are turned down, thus clamping all
parts in place.
If it were desired to produce nine channels radiating from the point J instead of
seven, the interval between the ends of the extreme channels being kept the same,
instead of seven wedges adjusted in the given space, nine wedges would be arranged
therein, and the parts secured in position as before.
Referring next to the form of guide illustrated in Figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17, here
A is the table; C³ the driving shaft; D³, belt pulley; E³, shaft bearing; F³, cutter
head; G³, cutters secured by set screws H³, and B the guide arm; these parts
corresponding to like portions of the machine represented in Fig. 1. Is is a guide
pin on arm B³. J³ is a guide plate to which the panel K³ is secured by clamps L³
fastened by screws M³. N³ is a centering opening. 03 is a loose guide bar of which
O' is the directing edge shaped as follows:-
:-
The figure to be produced is drawn and a continuous line determined which
intersects the centre of the pattern, and which by repetition will produce the outlines
of the design. Thus, take the line a³, b, c, d, Fig. 16, with which the edge O'³ of
the pattern-bar 03 is made to coincide. It will be seen how the outline of the
design shown in Fig. 16 can be got by simply repeating tracings of the edge of the
pattern-bar; or, conversely, if the pattern-bar be fastened to the plate J and caused
to travel with its edge constantly held against a fixed point, then the plate J³ will
obviously move in a line coinciding with the edge of said bar. In practice, after the
bar 03 is made, there is drawn upon the upper surface of the plate J' by its aid the
intersecting lines shown in Fig. 17. On the under side of the bar are two pegs Q'R³,
and at every new position of the bar on the plate J³, holes are made adapted to
receive these pegs, so that the bar can always be placed in its successive positions by
simply inserting the pegs in the proper holes. These holes are shown in Fig. 17 in
sets of three, marked 1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6, and so on.
The attendant grasping the plate Js with his hands moves it over the cutter and
causes the projecting edge of the bar 03 always to bear against the fixed point I' on
the arm B. The result is that the panel is moved over the cutter in a line corre-
sponding to the shape of the edge of the bar O³, and hence a channel or groove of that
configuration is made in the under surface of the panel. The bar is then removed
from the plate and the pins Q R³ are inserted in two new holes-for example, holes 5
and 17-and another cut is made. The bar is then removed and inserted in the
holes 4 and 18, and so on, the changes in the position of the bar being made as
indicated in the design, and in this way the desired pattern of intersecting cuts is
produced.
Referring next to the form of guide illustrated in Figs. 18 to 21 inclusive,
here A is the table, B' the guide ledge, the driving shaft, D³, belt pulley,
E, shaft bearing, F2, cutter head having knives (3 secured by screws H². I' is the..

page_text: guide bar and J' the arm thereon, these parts corresponding to like portions in the
machine shown in Fig. 1. At the end of arm J2 is a cross bar K.
L' is a circular guide-plate having a ring M2, in which are radial openings, as N³.
The ring M2 has a raised ledge 02. The panel P2 to be channeled is fastened to
the under side of the plate L by the clamps Q fastened by screws R³. The cross-
bar K³ enters any two of the diametrically-opposed radial openings N' and rests
upon the plate I³.
The attendant grasps the bar J and moves it in a lateral direction, the ledge B
of the table acting as a guide. In this way a channel is produced in the panel
dependent upon the shape of the cutter-edge of the knife G-such, for example, as
shown at 1, 2, Fig. 21. The attendant now raises the bar J', and so lifts the
bar K out of the recesses in the plate I³. He then rotates said plate over an
angle of forty-five degrees, and again drops the bar K into the recesses in the
ring M which comes immediately beneath it. The bar K2 will then assume the
position relatively to the plate indicated by the diagonal dotted line in Fig. 19.
The plate is then carried over the cutter in the same way as before, when the
channel 3, 4, is produced on the panel. The same operation is again repeated,
the plate being rotated over an angle of forty-five degrees, and in this way the
channels 5, 6, 7, 8, &c., are made, and thus the desired pattern is completed.
Figures 22, 23 and 24 illustrate the mode of making open-work panels by cross-
cutting the lumber and cutting it apart. Upon the opposite surfaces of a board,
the machine already described produced a series of parallel grooves B', so as to
give a desired configuration, such as a series of disks C, united by bars D. The
board is then divided longitudinally into strips, see dotted lines E, F ; Gʻ, H.
It
Upon one face of each strip and in the flat portions D, are formed grooves H' *.
A number of the strips may then be assembled in any manner so that the grooves
in the strips which cross each other meet, or, in other words, so that the several
strips become halved together. At the points 1, Fig. 24, the material at the
point of juncture may be connected by gluing or any other suitable means.
will be seen that in this way a very tasteful and simple ornamental open-work
panel is produced, the pattern of which may be varied by grouping the strips in
different ways. Of course the thickness of the strips may also be varied at will,
so that the thickness of the completed panel may be very small or increased, so
as to render said panel practically a stout grating.
Figs. 25 to 29 illustrate the mode of making composite incised decorations. The
pattern to be produced, a series of oval, incised, or return figures, is illustrated in
Fig. 25. Fig. 26 shows a board A' on the surface of which the machine before
described produces a series of parallel channels, as B³, B' 5, &c. On the surface of
another board, C, Fig. 28, are made a series of incised circles D³, of a diameter equal
to the space between pairs of parallel grooves B', B', Fig. 26. The board, Fig. 28, is
then divided longitudinally along the line E F, and the portions so divided are placed
in juxtaposition to the channeled board A³, in the manner shown in Fig. 29, and are
glued in place. It will be seen that the pattern thus produced in Fig. 29 is the same as
shown in Fig. 25.
Figs. 30 to 47 show a large number of patterns, simple and composite, which are
based upon cross-cutting the surface of the wood, and are produced by the machine
described. Fig. 30 is a panel having raised elevations with stepped edges. Fig. 31
is a geometrical pattern. Fig. 32 a pattern of curved channels such as made by the
apparatus illustrated in Figs. 14 to 17. Figs. 33, 34, 44 and 45, are geometrical
patterns produced by longitudinal and transverse cutting. Figs. 35, 41 and 47 show
cross-cutting simply and illustrate the great variety of grain marking brought to light
by this mode of cutting the wood. Fig. 36 is a trim moulding made by cross-cutting a
board on two sides, dividing it longitudinally into thin strips, and then ornamenting
the faces of the strips. Fig. 42 shows a trim moulding made in the same way, and
applied to a support or backing. Figs. 37, 43 and 46, are radiating channel patterns
such as produced by the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 18 to 21. Fig. 40 is a pattern

page_text: made by the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1° to 13. Fig. 38 is a basket-work pattern
made by cross-cutting a board with alternate wide and narrow elevations, then sawing
the board into strips and fastening the latter together so that the wide elevations on
one strip come opposite the narrow ones on the other, and vice versa. Fig. 39 is an
open-work panel made by cross-cutting a board-on both sides, dividing it longitudinally
into strips and then fastening the strips together. These patterns are simply a few out
of an immense number which may be produced by the machine aforesaid.
In Figs. 48 to 51, inclusive is illustrated the form of machine which is preferable for
practical use.
Kis the main frame of the machine supported on standards L. Journaled in fixed
bearings E on the upper edge of the frame K, is the transverse shaft C carrying the
belt pulley D, and a dado head F having cutters G (dotted lines Fig. 49), or a saw as
shown at M, or a series of saws, or any other rotary cutting tool. The cutter is held
between a fixed collar N, Fig. 48, and a nut O.
Resting on the fixed ways P is a movable frame Q carrying a nut R which receives
the screw S. The screw S works in a nut T in the main frame K, so that by turning
said screw by means of the hand-wheel U, the frame Q may be reciprocated on the
ways P. The wheel U may be moved by the jamb nut V against the bearing or
sleeve T and the screw, after adjustment, is thus prevented from further rotation.
At each end of the frame Q are projections having similarly inclined upper surfaces.
g is a loose rectangular frame having downward projections h, which are inclined to
rest upon the inclined projections f. The longitudinal members of the frame
curved downwardly as shown at a to pass beneath the shaft ().
g are
A is the work table of the machine pivoted at 6 to an upright on the frame g. In
said table is an opening c through which the cutting tool passes. At one side of said
table is a projecting portion d, and extending transversely across the table is a dove-
tail groove e.
B is a loose guide ledge or bar resting upon the table, and provided
with any suitable projection entering the groove e, so that said bar may be moved
laterally upon the table in the direction of groove e and clamped in position. I is
a loose movable bar which is placed against the bar B, and is provided with an arm J,
to which the guide device or work-plate may be connected, as shown in the preceding
figures.
The frame g is received in main frame K, and is loose therein. Consequently, when
the screw S is rotated in one direction, the inclined projections move as wedges under
the inclined projections on said frame g, and hence said frame g is raised. When the
screw S is turned in the other direction, the projections f recede, and the frame g
descends. The object of raising and lowering the frame g, and hence the table A, is to
regulate the depth of the cut of the rotary cutting tool. The table is hinged or pivoted
at b, so that it may be lifted and thrown back to allow of access to the mechanism
which it covers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The method of cutting the surface of wood across the grain in channels or
grooves, and thereby producing either by said channels or grooves alone, or by said
channels or grooves combined with other channels or grooves cut with the grain,
ornamental relief configurations of the surface.
2. The machine for cross-cutting the surface of wood, containing a rotary cutter
and movable guide arm, substantially as described and represented.
3. The machine for cross-cutting the surface of wood, containing a rotary cutter,
movable guide arm and devices for raising and lowering the table, substantially as
described and represented.
4. The use in connection with a machine for cross-cutting the surface of wood of
the guide substantially as shown in Figs. 14 to 17 for producing curved channels
or grooves.
5. The use in connection with a machine for cross-cutting the surface of wood of

page_text: the guide substantially as shown in Figs. 18 to 21 for producing radiating channels
or grooves.
6. The use in connection with a machine for cross-cutting the surface of wood, of
the guide substantially as shown in Figs. 1 to 13 for producing groups of radiating
channels or grooves.
7. The method of making open-work panels from cross-cut and longitudinally
divided lumber, substantially as illustrated in Figs. 22 to 24.
8. The method of producing composite incised ornamental wood-work from
cross-cut and longitudinally-divided lumber, substantially as illustrated in
Figs. 25 to 29.
Dated this 9th day of July 1890
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.