IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILED FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING PILED AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Cunliffe Lister, of Manningham Mills, Bradford, in
the County of York, Silk Manufacturer, and Jose Reixach y Gispert, of Manning-
ham, a Manager of the Manningham Mills, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILED FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING PILED AND OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed the 20th December 1878, and dated the 23rd August 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister and
Jose Reixach y Gispert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
23rd August 1878.
SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham Mills, Bradford, in the County of
York, Silk Manufacturer, and JOSE REIXACH Y GISPERT, of Manningham, a Manager
of the Manningham Mills. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILED
FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING
PILED AND OTHER FABRICS."
The object of this Invention or improvement is mainly to weave a double piled
fabric; that is, two distinct cloths connected by the pile threads, and to split or sever
the said pile threads so as to produce two piled fabrics, the said double piled fabric
to be woven with two shuttles thrown simultaneously, and the pile to be split or
severed while weaving by an endless steel band or a circular revolving knife."
To effect the above objects we employ a peculiar arrangement of the heald
tappets so as to give a more completely covered appearance to the fabric by the
pile, with a smaller consumption of the pile material, and as this method of working
causes the pile not to be fast the endless steel knife or the circular revolving knife
is required to be used for severing the pile.
In order to make the piled fabric perfect we apply a new pile motion, which
delivers the pile by friction on the surface, and does away with what are called pile
bars.

page_text: To protect the forks from the hammers when the weaver pulls the loom back we
arrange a self-acting motion to keep the brake off. We also apply a guide to bring
each weft to its own weft fork.
For severing the pile we apply a circular knife that revolves in one direction when
cutting, and ceases its revolution when coming back, so as to cut when traversing
one way only. This is effected by a direct endless belt or band travelling in one
direction, which causes the knife to revolve as explained.
To connect both selvages together we use a binding thread to form a loop to
enable us to use temples similar to those described in Patent No. 2429, in the
year 1858.
For sharpening the revolving circular knife we use a set of travelling sharpening
stones that open upon the entry and departure of the knife, and always travel in
the same direction when sharpening.
For the endless steel band we use either revolving rollers made of leather, stone,
or other suitable material; or a set of oscillating stones with self-acting oiling
brushes.
The guide for the endless steel knife we groove in a diagonal direction, so that
the knife in travelling causes any oily substance to work out of the guide, and so
renders it self-cleaning.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patont filed by
the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister and Jose Reixach y Gispert in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd February 1879.
SAMUEL CUNLIFFE LISTER, of Manningham Mills, Bradford, in the County of
York, Silk Manufacturer, and JOSE REIXACH Y GISPERT, of Manningham, a Manager
of the Manningham Mills. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PILED
FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN MANUFACTURING
PILED AND OTHER FABRICS."
The object of this Invention or improvement is to weave a double piled fabric;
that is, two distinct cloths connected by the pile threads, and to split or sever the
said pile threads so as to produce two piled fabrics, the said double piled fabric to
bo woven with two shuttles thrown simultaneously, and the pile to be split or
severed while weaving by an endless steel band or circular revolving knifo.
We propose several improvements in order to effect the above objects.
The first improvement consists in a peculiar arrangement of the tappets so as to
give a more completely covered appearance to the fabric by the pilo with a smaller
consumption of the pile material, and as this method of working causes the pile
not to be fast the endless steel knife or the circular revolving knife is required to
be used for severing the pile.
In order to make the piled fabric perfect we apply a new pile motion, which
delivers the pile by friction on the surface, and does away with what are called
pilo bars."
"
A further improvement is a self-acting motion to protect the forks from the
hammers when the weaver pulls the loom back, so as to keep the break-off.
Another of our improvements is a guide to bring each weft to its own weft fork.
Another of our improvements is to use for severing the pile a circular knife which
revolves in one direction when cutting, and ceases its revolutions when coming
back, so as to cut when traversing one way only. This is effected by a direct
endless belt or band travelling in one direction, which causes the knife to revolve
as explained.
Another of our improvements is a binding thread to form a loop to connect both
selvages together, to enable us to use temples similar to those described in Patent
No. 2429, A.D. 1858.
Further improvements relate to arrangements for sharpening the revolving circular
knives and the endless steel bands. For the former we uso a set of travelling
sharpening stones that open on the entry and departure of the knife, and always
travel in the same direction when sharpening. For the latter we use either revolving
rollers made of leather, stone, or other suitable material; or a set of oscillating
stones with self-acting oiling brushes.
Another of our improvements is the grooving of the endless steel knife guide in a
diagonal direction, so that the knife in travelling causes any oily substance to work
out of the guide, and so renders it self-cleaning.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to describe
more fully the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 of the Drawings hereunto annexed is a transverse sectional elevation of
a loom.
A, A, A, A, is the framework of the loom; B is the crank shaft; C is the low
picking shaft; D, D, are the warps which form the backs of the top and bottom
pieces respectively; E is the pile which binds the two pieces together.
The pile is drawn off the beam f by the two rollers G, G; after leaving the beam

page_text: under the drawing-off rollers G, G, which are covered with velveteen, plush, or any
other rough material to cause friction, which friction delivers the pile more evenly
than the pressure rollers hitherto used, and does away with certain faults in the
fabric known as pile bars. One or more rollers might be used. After leaving the
rollers G, G, it passes over the roller b, under the roller b', then over the roller b², and
forward into the healds. 'is a loose roller resting on the pile, and having the
spring b³ attached to it by means of the wire b, to compensate for the slackness
and tightness given to the pile warp by the action of the pile heald when making
its shed.
Motion is given to the rollers G, G, by the worms g', which gear into the roller
wheels g, g. The worms g', g', are fixed on the shaft g, which is driven from the
low picking shaft C by the two bevel wheels g³, g. At the end of the shafts of the
rollers G, G, is a sliding bar c, which is so shaped that when moved by the handle c'
it raises the wheels g, g, out of gear whenever necessary to weave without pile. On
the picking shaft C is a small pinion & gearing with a spur wheel d', on which is
fixed a tappet d. The tappet d, by means of the lever and the connecting
red d gives an oscillating motion to the lever for working the stones (³, which is
shown on a larger scale in Figure 2. H is a batten showing the shuttles h, h,
which are thrown simultaneously; e, c, are the two straight rails, between which
the velvet passes; K is the guide for the endless knife, which is shown on a larger
scale in Figure 4.
The motion for taking up the pieces is the ordinary worm and gearing motion,
and is shown in Figure 10.
For dividing the pieces we use a revolving circular knife or an endless one.
The manner in which the latter is applied is seen best in Figure 10. I, I, are
two pullies, which carry the endless band i; one by means of the knife itself drives
the other, and has a smaller pulley 1 attached; it is driven by the belt K¹
from the large pulley K, which is fixed on the shaft K³, which shaft receives
motion direct from the main shafting of the building or shed in which the loom
works, and has its own fast and loose pulley K* independent from the rest of the
loom.
The fork (which is not shown on the Drawing) to the pullies K is connected by
a suitable arrangement to the ordinary setting-on handle K, so that when the loom
stops the knife stops as well.
For sharpening the endless knife wo use an arrangement which is shown more
minutely in Figures 2 and 3.
To the oscillating lover do, to which motion is given already in the manner
described, are attached connecting arms to connect it to the oscillating stones I, I,
which slide backward in the frames J, J, passing in each motion over the edge of
knife, and sharpening it.
To keep the stones in good oiled condition we fix to the frames J, J, small brushes
moistened with oil or other lubricant at the end of the springs m, m, under and
over which the stones are continually passing and repassing.
Figure 3 is a front view of the sharpening stones, showing the arrangement of the
bottom and top stones...
Figure 4 is an enlarged plan and section of the knife guide. n, n, are diagonal
grooves, which are cut in knife rail, and the knife k in travelling causes any oily
substance which may cling to it to work out through them, rendering it self-
cleaning.
For sharpening this kind of knife plain rollers made of stone, leather, or any other
sharpening substance may be used, as described in our Patent dated 1871, No. 1117,
only in this caso the rollers are stationary.
When working the circular knife we use the same method to give the to-and-fro
inotion across the piece, as described in the Specification of our Patent, No. 1117,
A.D. 1871..
The band L, Figure 11, is attached to the pullies mentioned in the Specification
of this Patent, which give the to-and-fro motion. p is the frame which slides in

page_text: the grooves of the guide P, Figure 13, and which carries the circular knife O. The
endless cord or band q makes the knife revolve by the small pulley r; motion is
given to the cord by the pulley Q, which is driven by the pulley on the low shaft C,
Figure 1. By reason of the band travelling always in the same direction the knife
is made to revolve only when travelling in an opposite direction to it. When it
travels in the same direction it censes revolving because it goes at the same speed;
therefore it only cuts one way.
Figure 13 shows the sharpening arrangement. The lever S is oscillated by the
lever working on the centre S', and tho small pullies 8, 8, press against the inclines
81, 81, fixed on the levers R', R', which give travelling motion to the stones t. The
bottom stones are attached in a frame to the end of the lever R, and the top ones to
the end of the lever T, to which latter motion is given by the lever R', so as to give
the same circular motion to the bottom and top stones. Each stone is fitted with
springs, which cause them to press lightly against the edge of the knife.
The tappet which gives motion to the lever S, and which takes the place of the
tappet, Figure 1, is so constructed that it causes the stones to travel when the
knife frame p is stationary, the knife itself revolving, as explained herein-before.
In order that when the knife enters and goes out of the stones they may clear its
edge, swells v, v, are left on the framework of the stones, which, when the stones
travel, come in contact with the plates u, u, and force the stones (which give way
by reason of the springs) up or down, as the case may be.
The arrangements are so made that the stones only move inwards towards the
knife when it is in the position for sharpening, and return when it is out, so as only
to sharpen in oue direction.
Figure 12 is a plan of knife and stones.
To obviato the weft forks being caught by the hammers in turning the loom
backwards we fix an arrangement which is shown in Figures 7 and 8.
Attached to the handle K is a sliding bar V, in the end of which is a slot. In
the slot a pin works; this pin is fixed to a rod x, which has connected to it two
other pins z, z¹. The pins s¹ are carried by a tube connected to the rod x by an
interposed spring. The two pins ', ', are placed just under the forks, as shown in
Figure 8. When the lever K³ is pulled to stop the loom the sliding rod V moves,
and the rod by reason of the slot is pushed upwards and moves the forks out of the
reach of the hammers. When the loom is pushed on again they resume their places.
Sometimes when the loom is stopped by the action of the weft fork, the fork is held
fast by the hammers, and when the pins rise to free the fork from the hammers, as
explained, if rigidly attached, would bend the fork. To avoid this we put the springs
above mentioned to allow them to give way.
Z, Figure 9, is a divider (the working position of which is shown in Figure 8) to
bring each weft to its own weft forks as the batten moves forward. It is provided
with a slot so as to allow it to slide back in case of the shuttle stopping in front
of it.
In using two shuttles the same weft does not pass from one piece to the other as
in a single shuttle loom for a double piled fabric, and therefore does not form a
binding edge for our usual temple, Figure 5.
In place of the weft binding thread we use one worked in by a heald, which
onnects the edge of the top and bottom selvage together, and forms a succession of
loops for the temple to work in, as shown in Figure 0.
Figure 14 is a diagram showing the result of a peculiar arrangement of the heald
tappets so as to give a more complete appearance to the fabric, with less use of
material by the pile threads passing only round one pick of weft, instead of over
and under each pick alternately three or more, as has hitherto been done with the
single shuttle double-piled fabric power loom. By doing so we have the bristles
more divided, which makes a finer and better velvet, and saves the floating silk on
the back in the old system.
Figure 15 is the pile tappet, of which one is required.
Figures 16 and 17 are the warp tappets, of which two each are required.

page_text: Figure 18 is another make, which may also be made in our loom, and which
requires two pile tappets, Figure 19, and four warp tappets, Figure 20, to
produce it.
Figure 21 is the tappet for working the binding thread heald herein-before
mentioned.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner of performing
the same, we declare that we claim,―
First. The method herein-before described of weaving double pile fabrics, that is,
weaving two distinct cloths connected by the pile threads with two shuttles thrown
simultaneously, and splitting or severing the pile while weaving by an endless steel
band or circular revolving knife.
Second. The combination with the two shuttled pile fabric power loom of the
tappets Nos. 15, 16, and 17, to produce the fabric shewn in the diagram, Figure 14.
Third. The combination with the two shuttled piled fabric power loom of the
tappets Nos. 19 and 20, to produce the fabric shewn in the diagram, Figure 20.
Fourth. The pile motion, substantially as herein-before described and shewn in
G, G, Figure 1, to deliver the pile warp by friction.
Fifth. The mechanism, substantially as herein-before described, and shewn in
Figures 7 and 8, for protecting the forks from the hammers when pulling back the
loom.
Sixth. The employment of a guide to bring each weft to its own weft fork, as
shown in Figures 8 and 9.
Seventh. Giving motion to the circular knife, cutting one way only when
traversing, by the means substantially as herein-before described, and shown in
Figure 11.
Eighth. The employment of a binding thread to loop together both selvages of
the two cloths for holding on to the temples, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
Ninth. The arrangement for sharpening the revolving circular Knife, as shown in
Figures 12 and 13.
Tenth. The arrangement for sharpening the revolving endless steel knife by
oscillating stones with oiling brushes, as shewn in Figures 2 and 3, or rollers, as
described in our former Patent.
Eleventh. The grooving of the endless steel knife guide, which causes the endless
knife to be self-cleaning, as shewn in Figure 4.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Cunliffe Lister, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
S. C. LISTER. (L.S.)