IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING HOUSES AND APARTMENTS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Davies, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn,
in the County of Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City
of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING HOUSES AND APARTMENTS."--
A communication from abroad by David Greene Haskins, of Cambridge,
Massachusetts, in the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1866.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow, Civil
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING HOUSES AND APARTMENTS,” (a
communication to me from abroad by David Greene Haskins, of Cambridge,
Massachusetts, in the United States of America,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to utilize all the heat evolved from the flame
of gas, oils, or fluids which may be used for the purpose of heating through
pipes and registers introduced in the floors or walls of apartments in a manner

page_text: similar to that of coal-burning furnnces. A current of air is caused to pass
over or through a system of radiating materials so arranged as to absorb,
conduct, and radiate the heat imparted to the same from the burning gases or
vapors. The smoke and vitiated air from the burning gases are carried off
in a separate pipe or flue to the chimney or other place of exit.
It is also designed to apply the principle of the Invention to the con-
struction of stoves for heating the apartment in which they are placed, and
also to cooking stoves.
When it is intended to heat the several apartments of a house the heating
apparatus is placed in the cellar or lower apartment of the house, and con-
structed substantially as follows:-An outer casing of some non-conducting
metal, such as galvanized iron or tin, of a cylindrical or other form and of any
convenient length, is supported in a suitable manner near the floor or upon
the wall, and is placed horizontally or somewhat inclined from rear to front in
order to assist the draught. Within this casing, and resting on the bottom
of the same, is a smaller compartment or chamber extending nearly the whole
length of the outer casing, and made of some good conducting metal, such as
sheet or cast iron. The inner chamber is made niuch smaller than the outer
casing so as to leave a considerable space between the top of the inner
chamber and the upper part of the outer casing. On the under side of the
outer casing are one or more openings fitted with short sections of pipe
communicating with the inner chamber. At these openings are placed the
burners of the gas or other flame generated from oil or other fluid, the flame
and products of combustion passing into the inner chamber and having no
communication with the outer casing. The inner chamber communicates by
a pipe with the chimney or other exit. Within the inner casing are placed
one or more sheets of wire netting, or a series of perforated metal plates, for
the purpose of retarding the passage of the products of combustion, and thus
aiding in the radiation of the heat. In the space between the outer and' inner
casing or chambers is placed transversely a series of sheets of wire netting or
other reticulated heat-conducting material. Instead of the wire netting, or
combined with it, may be used metal pipes or tubes communicating at each
end with the inner chamber and extending transversely across the same in a
curved form. Solid rods may also be used arranged similarly to the above-
mentioned tubes. Coiled or zig-zag pipes may also be placed' within the said
space communicating at one end with the inner chamber and at the other end
with the outlet pipe leading to the chimney.
Another modification of the radiating devices consists of a series of elongated

page_text: narrow chambers opening into the inner chamber, but closed otherwise, and
projecting radially from the said chamber. Any one of the above described
devices may be used alone or combined with one or more of the others.
In applying this method of heating to stoves they are constructed of any.
convenient form in which the double casing and interposed radiating material
can be used; the heating chamber is somewhat elevated from the floor, and
the burners are so placed as to radiate the heat downwards. Combined with
the chamber in the upper part of the stove. is the space containing the
radiating material, the casing enclosing the same being constructed preferably
in an arched form over the top of the stove. In the construction of a cooking
stove the oven is surrounded with an air heating chamber containing the
interposed wire netting, so that heat may be radiated into the room as well as
the oven.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
DAVIES, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
and No. 87, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow, Civil Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Davies, Her special licence that I, the said George Davies, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Davies, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING
HOUSES AND APARTMENTS," (a communication to me from abroad by David
Greene Haskins, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, in the United States of
America,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Davies,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or

page_text: their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what inanner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Davies, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to utilize all the heat eliminated from the
flame of gas, or that of any of the oils or fluids possessing illuminating pro-
perties, by causing such flame to pass over or come in contact with a systein
of heat radiating material, so arranged as to absorb, conduct, and radiate the
beat imparted to the said radiating material from the burning gases or fluids.
The smoke and vitiated air from the burning gases or fluids are conducted
off in a separate pipe to the chimney or other place of exit, and pure heated
air is conducted into the apartment when a heating apparatus is used or
radiated within the various compartments of a cooking stove or range when
the latter is used.
In apylying this Invention to a stove for heating an apartment it is pro-
posed to construct the same substantially as shown in section at Figure 1 in
the annexed Drawing, which represents a vertical section of a stove. The
outer casing A may be made of any proper sheet or plate metal and of any
desirable shape. In the lower part of the stove marked B, and which is open
in front, is arranged a series of projecting gas pipes C, provided with proper
burners for giving out a large amount of heat and connecting with suitable
supply pipes D.
Within this lower compartment of the stove may be arranged
above and at the sides suitable radiating plates of tin or other metal, by means
of which the heat is radiated downwards and outwards through an opening in
front. Over the lower compartment is a partition having an opening 6 in the
centre through which the products of combustion pass into the heating chamber
E. The said products of combustion after circulating through the chamber
are made to pass out through an exit pipe L leading to the chimney or other
place of exit. Surrounding the lower chamber E is a chamber G in which
are arranged a series of sheets of wire netting or other reticulated and
radiating material, and into this chamber is introduced atmospheric air through
a pipe or pipes passing up through the stove from the apartment itself or

page_text: from out of doors. Above the chambers G and E is a chamber or space H
extending across the stove, and provided with wire netting or other radiating
material, and above the chamber or space H is a compartment F into which
the products of combustion pass; the said compartment surrounding a central
cylinder I, in which is arranged a series of sheets of wire netting or other
radiating material through which the fresh air passes. The air from without
the apparatus is made to pass through the chambers or compartments in which
the wire netting or other radiating material is placed, by which means it
becomes heated and passes out from the centre of the upper part of the stove at
K (which may be provided with a register), and into the apartment or room
to be warmed. It will thus be seen that the stove may combine the advantages
of a furnace and stove.
Figure 3 represents a section of a heating apparatus.or furnace, .which may
be placed in the lower part of a house for the purpose of supplying heated
air to one or more apartments above; and Figure 4 represents an apparatus
for the same purpose in a modified form. In both cases the exterior consists
of a casing of sheet or other suitable metal, preferably of galvanized iron, for
the purpose of retaining the heat. The lower part E of the apparatus shown
in Figure 3 is open for the admission of fresh air. At one side is an open
passago B, separated from the chamber E by a partition, and into this passage
is introduced a burner, one or more, as may be required. The passage B
communicates with a chamber C which is concentric with the casing A, a
The
space being left between the two through which the fresh air passes. .
chamber C surrounds a cylinder. F, forming the centre of the apparatus, and
communicating at its lower end with the air chamber E. In the cylinder F
is arranged a series of sheets of wire gauze or other radiating material. The
upper ends of the inner and outer casings are contracted, and the chamber C
is closed at the top, the products of combustion passing off through a pipe
properly arranged for the purpose to the chimney or other place of exit.
Figure 4 represents a pipe or flue B arranged in a spiral or helical form, into
the lower part of which is introduced a gas burner (or gas burners); this
flue is surrounded by an outer casing of metal A, and between the coils of the
flue is placed wire netting, as shown at C. At the upper part of the spiral
flue is a pipe G for conducting off the products of combustion to the chimney or
other place of exit. The air from without is admitted into the lower part of
the casing, and is conducted by means of flues connected with the casing into
an apartment or rooms to be heated.
Figure 2 represents a perspective view partly in section of a cooking appa-

page_text: ratus to which this Invention is applied. The apparatus rests upon a base A,
in the front part of which is a series of holes. In these holes may be fitted
movable bottoms or pans perforated at their bottoms to admit gas burners,
and at the sides for escape pipes for the products of combustion. C, C, C, C,
represent the ovens, the outer casing and doors being removed from the front
in order to display the interior construction. The ovens are of somewhat
irregular form, the interior ovens C¹, C³, being surrounded by a narrow space,
through which pass the products of combustion. In the space below the
central ovens and between the same are arranged gas pipes provided with
burners, the products of combustion passing off from the same by any convenient
exit pipe; the space between the ovens C and C¹ on each side is: arranged
diagonally from top to bottom for the purpose of effecting a greater.radiation
of heat in the ovens. The pipes may be supplied with as many burners as
may be necessary, and wire netting may be placed within the spaces if
desirable. The degree of heat may be regulated at pleasure by increasing or
diminishing the supply of gas in the. pipes.
In the cooking apparatus the oven may be surrounded with a chamber in
connection with the chimney, in which chamber is placed wire netting, and
into which the gas pipes used for boiling or. cooking may be made to enter.
The oven may be itself surrounded by a chamber provided with wire netting,
and having openings into: the kitchen or apartment for the heated air to pass
out and warm the same..
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention for
"Improvements in Apparatus for Heating Houses and Apartments;" together
with the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as the Invention
(communicated to me by the said David Greene Haskins) the a¡ plication
substantially after the manner herein-before described of the flame of gas or
of any oils or fluids to the heating of a current of air which may be introduced
from without into rooms, apartments; or buildings.
I also claim the combination of an outer casing and an inner chamber
with heat retaining and radiating devices, substantially as and for the purpose
stated.
I also claim in the construction of a stove so arranging the burners in
connection with the radiating portions of the stove as to secure a downward
and outward radiation of heat in combination with the devices for supplying
heated air to the room through the upper part of the stove, substantially as
described.

page_text: I also claim arranging within the spaces between and around the ovens of
a cooking apparatus a series of gas burners, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Davies, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
GEORGE DAVIES. (L.S.)