A NEW OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC STEERING Apparatus AND RUDDER BREAK
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul, both of No. 60,
Thomaston Street, Everton, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC STEERING Apparatus
AND RUDDER BREAK."
Sealed the 6th July 1865, and dated the 14th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left, by the said Alfred Paul and Edwin
Paul at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th January 1865.
We, ALFRED PAUL and EDWIN PAUL, both of No. 60, Thomaston Street,
Everton, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC STEERING APPARATUS
AND RUDDER BREAK," to be as follows:-
This Invention refers to or is connected with our Patent dated 18th October
1864, No. 2567. It consists in the application of hydraulic principles to the
working of ship's rudders for steering purposes, and for steadying or locking
the rudder. The object for which it is to be applied is to lessen the friction
and the wear and tear which is experienced in ordinary steering gear, and
moreover to enable the man or men at the wheel to keep the rudder in any
required position without having to hold on to the steering wheel. The mode

page_text: of construction may be varied to suit particular circumstances or cases,
the simplest and most generally applicable mode being the "radial" which is
as follows:-To the tiller fitted to a ship's rudder head there are to be fitted
or forged, as the case may be, two round arms of any required size branching
off one from either side of such tiller; the arms are to be made a regular
curve of any required radius, the centre of such curve being the centre of
the rudder head. The foregoing curved arms may be made of wrought iron,
cast iron, brass, or other suitable material. The length of such arms will be
determined by the maximum motion which the rudder to which they may be
attached shall have. There is also to be a hollow curved cast iron or other
metallic chamber corresponding in radius to the arms herein-before described.
Such chamber, when furnished with proper stuffing boxes.. at the ends, and
with a suitable cock or valve, having also the aforesaid arms placed partially in
it with their are the reverse way of the chamber, is securely fixed to a founda-
tion or sole plate and bolted to the deck. The hollow chamber will be in
two or more compartments, communicating with each other by means of
internal passages; the aforesaid cock or valve is to regulate the opening and
closing such passages. To act as a means of transmitting motion to the
rudder a suitable pump, either rotary or reciprocating, direct acting or multi-
plied, must be attached, having passages corresponding to the passages in the
hollow chamber.
Given the apparatus, as herein-before described, to be fitted to a ship's
rudder and fixed to the deck, and the chamber and pump to be filled with water,
oil, or any suitable liquid or-fluid with the cock or valve open, and it is required
to put the rudder, say to "port," it will be done by pumping the liquid or
fluid out of one compartment of the hollow chamber into the other, and vice
versa, to put the rudder "starboard." To lock the rudder or to keep it in
position, nothing is required but to move the cock or valve so as to close the
communication between the compartments of the hollow chamber. This
being done, and the escape of liquid or fluid from one compartment to another
being prevented, the rudder will be kept in position by the resistance such
liquid or fluid will offer to the tendancy of either of the arms to compress it..
And the fact of the liquid or fluid sustaining the pressure thrown upon the
rudder whether by a-sea striking the rudder on one side, or by the ship's motion.
in the water, will obviate the necessity of the steersman holding on to the
wheel. While the hollow chamber is kept full of liquid or fluid, and the
cock or valve is closed, the tendency of the rudder to move in any direction
will meet with an equal resistance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul in the Great Seal Patent.
Office on the 13th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ALFRED
PAUL and EDWIN PAUL, both of No. 60, Thomaston Street, Everton, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul, Her special licence that we,
the said Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC STEERING
APPARATUS AND RUDDER BREAK," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next, and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This Invention refers to or is connected with our Patent dated 28th October
1864. It consists in the application of hydraulic principles to the working
of ship's rudders for steering purposes, and for steadying or locking the rudder.
The object for which it is to be applied is to lessen the friction and the wear
and tear which is experienced in ordinary steering gear, and moreover to
enable the man or men at the wheel to keep the rudder in any required
position without having to hold on to the steering wheel. The mode of
construction may be varied to suit particular circumstances or cases, the
simplest and most generally applicable mode being the "radial" which is as

page_text: follows: To the tiller fitted to a ship's rudder head there are to be fitted or
forged, as the case may be, two round arms of any required size, branching off
one from either side of such tiller; the arms are to be made a regular curve
of any required radius, the centre of such curve being the centre of the rudder
head. The foregoing curved arms may be made of wrought iron, cast iron,
brass, or other suitable material. The length of such arms will be determined
by the maximum motion which the rudder to which they may be attached
shall have. There is also to be a hollow curved cast iron or other metallic
chamber corresponding in radius to the arms herein-before described. Such
chamber when furnished with proper stuffing boxes at the ends, and with a
suitable cock or valve, having also the aforesaid arms placed partially in it
with their are the reverse way of the chamber is securely fixed to a foundation
or sole plate and bolted to the deck. The hollow chamber will be in two or
more compartments communicating with each other by means of internal
passages. The aforesaid cock or valve is to regulate the opening and closing
such passages. To act as a means of transmitting motion to the rudder a
suitable pump, either rotary or reciprocating, direct acting or multiplied, must
be attached, having passages corresponding to the passages in the hollow
chamber.
Given the apparatus, as herein-before described, to be fitted to a ship's
rudder and fixed to the deck, and the chamber and pump to be filled with
water, oil, or any suitable liquid or fluid, with the cock or valve open, and it is
required to put the rudder say "to port," it will be done by pumping the
liquid or fluid out of one compartment of the hollow chamber into the other,
and vice versa to put the rudder "starboard." To lock the rudder, or to keep
it in position, nothing is required but to move the cock or valve so as to close the
communication between the compartments to the hollow chamber. This being
done, and the escape of liquid or fluid from one compartment to another being
prevented, the rudder will be kept in position by the resistance such liquid or
fluid will offer to the tendency of either of the arms to compress it. And the
fact of the liquid or fluid sustaining the pressure thrown upon the rudder
either by a sea striking the rudder on one side, or by the ship's motion in the
water, will obviate the necessity of the steersman holding on to the wheel.
While the hollow chamber is kept full of liquid or fluid, and the cock or valve
is closed, the tendency of the rudder to move in any direction will meet with
an equal resistance.
Forasmuch as the principle herein-before described is capable of being
carried out by the adoption of machines (by machines we mean mechanical
arrangements for transmitting motion to a ship's rudder, such as pumps, rams,

page_text: ram cases, and tillers,) differing in form only to the one we have already
particularized. We do not bind ourselves to any form of construction. The
form of the apparatus will depend upon the class and capacity of the ship to
which it may be attached. The difference will consist mainly in the form and
disposition of the pumps, rams, ram cases, and tillers. The pumps may be of
any ordinary form, the rams either curved or straight in two or more parts,
and the tillers wil lalways be in form corresponding to the rams and ram
cases.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, we declare that what we
claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the new or improved hydraulic steering apparatus and
rudder break, substantially as herein-before described, or any mere modi-
fication or imitation thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said Alfred Paul and Edwin Paul, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.