IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSE AND TUBING
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Blue Harris, of Castle Mills, Fountain-
bridge, Edinburgh, Scotland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
Sealed the 27th January 1874, and dated the 27th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Blue Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th November 1873.
I, ISAAC BLUE HARRIS, of Castle Mills, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh,
Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSE AND TUBING," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of hose or flexible tubing,
which may be employed in the distribution of water under pressure, or
steam and other fluids, and is also applicable for conveying oils, beer,
spirits, and alkaline and acid liquids from one vessel to another. To
this end I manufacture tubing of any required diameter of compound
rubber, that is, I form the inner surface of the tube of those mixtures
of rubber and sulphur that will harden under the curing or vulcanizing
process into vulcanite or ebonite, or by preference into a soft vulcanite

page_text: or a semi-hard flexible horny substance well known to rubber manufac-
turers, and this I overlay with india-rubber combined with sulphur in
such proportion as will ensure the production of soft rubber under the
curing process. This tubing while still in the green state I overlay
with one or more layers of cloth, and I complete the tubing by coating
it with soft rubber. The whole is then to be submitted to heat as
commonly practised in finishing india-rubber goods. By the above-
described means I produce a tubing the inner surface of which will
resist the action alike of gases, oils, spirits, acids, and alkalies, while its
circumferential strength will from the imbedded coils of cloth enable
it to resist both internal and external pressure.
To adapt this manufacture to the transmission of water and steam at a
high pressure, and to enable it to resist rough usage, I propose to embed
within the walls of the hose a coil or coils of wire which may form the
substitute for the coils of cloth or may be employed together with the
same, which will generally be the case, as the most important function
of these coils is to keep the internal coating of semi-hard india-rubber
or semi-vulcanite circular when the hose or tube is bent, and thus
preserve the said coating from fracture. The hose is finished by an
external layer of soft rubber compound, and thus the several convo-
lutions of the wire are kept in position, and the coils are thereby
rendered effective to prevent fracture of the inner semi-hard coating of
the hose.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaac Blue Harris in the Great Seal Patent Office 2
on the 27th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAC BLUE
HARRIS, of Castle Mills, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Isaac Blue Harris, Her.

page_text: special licence that I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Isaac Blue Harris,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOSE AND TUBING," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto.
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say) :—
This Invention relates to the manufacture of hose or flexible tubing
which may be employed in the distribution of water under pressure, or
steam and other fluids, and is also applicable for conveying oils, beer,
spirits, and alkaline and acid liquids from one vessel to another. To
this end I manufacture tubing of any required diameter of compound
india-rubber, that is, I form the inner surface of the tube of any of.
those mixtures of rubber and sulphur that will harden under the curing
or vulcanizing process into a vulcanite or ebonite, or by preference into
a soft vulcanite or a semi-hard flexible horny substance well known to ›
rubber manufacturers, and this I overlay with india-rubber combined.
with sulphur in such proportion as will ensure the production of soft
rubber under the curing process. This tubing while still in the green
state I enclose in coils of cloth, and I complete the tubing by coating
it with soft rubber. The whole is. then to be submitted to heat as:
commonly practised in finishing india-rubber goods.
To adapt this manufacture to the transmission of water and steam at
a high pressure, and to enable it to resist rough usage, I propose to
I'

page_text: either form the substitute for the coils of cloth or may be employed
together with the same. The hose is finished by an external layer of
soft rubber compound, and thus the several convolutions of the wire are
kept in position and the coils are thereby rendered effective to prevent
fracture to the inner semi-hard lining.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 shews in partial longitudinal
section a piece of hose constructed according to this Invention with
strengthening coils of cloth; Fig. 2 shews in section the hose
strengthened by an embedded coil of wire, as a substitute for the
cloth; and Fig. 3 shews a piece of hose strengthened by both
methods.
a, a, in Fig. 1, is the lining of horny or hard rubber; this lining is
coated with soft rubber compound b, b, and while still in the green or
uncured state the soft rubber coating is enclosed within coiled ribands
of cloth c, c. The tubing I complete by applying thereto a coating of
soft rubber d, d, and the whole I then submit to heat as commonly
practised in finishing india-rubber goods. A tubing is thus produced,
the inner surface of which will resist the action alike of oils, spirits,
beer, and acids, while the circumferential strength imparted by the
embedded coils of cloth will enable the tube to resist to a certain extent
both internal and external pressure.
Fig. 2 illustrates the mode of adapting this manufacture to the trans-
mission of water and steam at very high pressure, and of enabling it.
to resist rough usage. Embedded within the walls of the hose is a coil
of wire e, e, which serves as a substitute for the coils of cloth, shewn at
Fig. 1. It may however be employed with advantage together with the
cloth coils, as shewn at Fig. 3; this latter plan I prefer to adopt, as the
most important function of the wire coils is to keep the internal lining
of semi-hard india-rubber or semi-vulcanite circular when the tube is
bent and thus preserve the said lining from fracture. In the examples,
Figures 2 and 3, the tube is finished by an external coating of soft
rubber compound, as described with reference to Fig. 1, and thus the
several convolutions of the wire are kept in position and the coils are
thereby rendered effective to prevent the fracture of the inner semi-hard
lining of the tube...

page_text: Having now set forth the nature of my Invention of "Improve-
ments in the Manufacture of Hose and Tubing," and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
under the above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the means above
described of producing hose and tubing which is capable of resisting
the chemical action alike of gases, oils, spirits, acids, and alkalies, and
(from its circumferential strength due to the embedded coils) both
internal and external pressure.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Blue Harris, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
I. B. HARRIS. (L.S.)

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