A MACHINE FOR GRINDING CORN OR FOR RAISING WATER TO DRAIN FENN LANDS, COAL PITS, MINES, &C., AND FOR FORCING UP WATER WITH A PERPETUAL STREAM FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE AND FOR SUPPLYING CITIES, SEATS, &c., TO BE WORKED EITHER BY WIND, WATER, HORSES, OR MEN
Year: 1750

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PERKINS, of the Parish of Saint Magnus, in the City of London, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said William Perkins, by my petitiou, did humbly repre-
sent unto the late Lords Justices, Guardians of this Kingdom, that I had,
with great study, labour, and expence, invented "A MACHINE FOR GRINDING
CORN OR FOR RAISING WATER TO DRAIN FENN LANDS, COAL PITS, MINES, &C., AND
FOR FORCING UP WATER WITH A PERPETUAL STREAM FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRE AND
FOR SUPPLYING CITIES, SEATS, &c., TO BE WORKED EITHER BY WIND, WATER,
HORSES, OR MEN," and by my said petition did humbly pray their Excel-
lencies to grant unto me His Majesty's Royal priviledge and lycence, thereby
to enable me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, solely to make, erect,
use, vend, exercise, and put in practise the said new Invention: And whereas,
in pursuance of the said petition, His Majesty, by His Royal Letters Patent,
bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of November, in the twenty-fourth year of
His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said William Perkins, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial lycence, full power, sole priviledge
and authority, that I, the said William Perkins, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should and lawfully might, for the term of fourteen years,
make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention, in such manner as to me,
the said William Perkins, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
seem meet, and that I, the said William Perkins, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole
profitt, benefitt, commodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing,

page_text: accrewing, and arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during the said
term; in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said William Perkins, to describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause the same to be inrolled in the
High Court of Chancery, within four kalendar months next and immediately
after the date thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Perkins, in compliance with
the said proviso, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is set forth and described
in a Draught or Plan, with the several explanations thereof, hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Perkins, have hereunto, and
to the Draft or Plan hereunto affixed, set my hand and seal, this
Twelfth day of March, in the twenty-fourth year of the reign of His
said Majesty King George the Second, One thousand seven hundred
and fifty.
auty stampey
e presence
LUKE RICHARDSON.
JOHN CARTER.
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the said Twelfth day of March,
the aforesaid William Perkins came before our said Lord the King in His
Chancery, & acknowledged the Writing aforesaid, and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above said. And the said Writing was s
stamped according to the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the
late King William and Queen Mary, and so forth.
Inrolled the said Twelfth day of March, in the twenty-fourth year of
the reign of Ilis said Majesty King George the Second.

page_text: not
communication between the two barrells, in the said Engine Tree are two valves d,ed in the two Barrells are two Pistons or Forcers leathered so as to fit.
the Barrells ef&e. fis the place for the center of the axes from which the iron rod g communicates with the two Forcers ef&e and the two handles h,hin the
two holes at the ends of the iron handles ik is to be fixed two wood handles for the Men to work by LL, is a weed cistern, (to receive ye water when you
can have a supply without suction) in which the Engine Tree & are fixed when ye handle i is raised it raises the forcere and lowers the other ef, and at the same
time the valve à opens & the other de shuts which by raising one forcer & lowering the other alternately will raise the water into the Engine Free & Barrello and
from thence force it through two valves at the top of y Engine Tree marked b in fig3 and from thence to yeplace intended when you would work it by wind
water or horses the power may be communicated to it in the common way. Fig. 3d is a side view of ye Engine Tree with the air Vessel when used for extin
guishing Fire a is that part of the Engine Tree where y Barrells are fixed b the place for the two valves, one on each side the partition marked c in
Fig. 2 cdef the air vessel g the pipe leading to the Branch Pipe withy lower end turned upwards on two sides to preventy air from going through
yes pipe with the water if any air should by accident be drawn into the Engine Tree for by this means if any air goes through the valves at b it can-
go directly into the Pipe but will go through ye water & enlarge ye quantity of air hh. Fig.4 is a side view of ye axia & crank & which I could
not show in Fig.2 The Gudgeon a is to go through ye center fin Fig. 2 The Crunk with cheeks is to receive ye two forcing rods m m in Fig. 2dwth
apin through them. The iron rod/c is to go through ye curved handle at n in fig. 2-The other part is a horizontal windmill which is to work
the former&to grind Corn or work any other Machine which is worked circularly by horses us follows, vizt. A perpendicular shaft or axletree
TT, with six sails more or less as above fig. 1 viz. three sails of equal height from ye ground as you see one of them A,B,C,D, and below them three
more under the middle of ye vacancy between the upper sails, a sail is composed of ye following parts vix the outside frame A, B, C, D. fixed fast
toy shaft within that are three small sails, more or less with axle trees which turn on then Gudgeons as EFG these small sails must be cov
ered with cloth on both sides as hh when these sails meet ye wind as there is more surface on one side their axletrees than on the other ye wind
causes them to turn on their Gudgeons till ye edge of the narrow side comes foremost so causes very little resistance but as soon as they are
pastye point ofye wind they turn again even with ye outside frame and are then in a situation to receive ye wind, the two sails F. G. are
kept in that situation by springs/likeye spring of a Watch) round the ends of ye aaletrees at iiye springs must be strong enough to
cause a sufficient resistance in the wind to performy work required and no stronger then if the wind should blow harder than is
necessary the springs will suffer ye sails to turn a little & let yewind, through so consequently a strong wind can have no more power (us toy crew
lar motion of ye sails) than a wind that is but just sufficient to do ye work. The sail E is kept in y situation to receivey wind by two stops at
oo falling agaisty outside frame at pp. When this horizontal Mill is fixed in any place where there are, Eddy Winds or fixed in a stream of
water all the small sails may be made like that marked E in fig 1 as appears in fig. 5 H,H,HH either of cloth or thin light wood in the bras
ses that the gudgeons of these sails move in are half circular grooves so as to catch a pin in the Tee of the Goodgeons by which it is only suffered to ge
as farr as the wind bears against it, but gives way when going from yepoint of ye wind. If it be necessary to make a readier turn into the wind smaller
sails or arms may be added of a different sort in another direction either above or below the great sails as those marked KK, in Fig. 5 which are like a double car
through the body of the perpendicular shaft the flat parts standing in right angles to each other, and that part through the shaft turning in collers w checks to keep
each sail alternatly perpendicular when it comes into the wind these sails turn each other up and down so that when one is perpendicular and drove by yewind the
other is coming with its edge agaist the wind. These arms will work equally in water and several may be placed in a Stream & communicate with each other in order
to get greater power for they will not hinder each other so much in water as they would do in wind.
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