An Improved Joint for Pipes constructed on the Spigot and Socket Principle.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 20th Deo., 1897-Accepted, 12th Feb., 1898
An Improved Joint for Pipes constructed on the Spigot and Socket
Principle.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM BROWN, of Tetford House, West Hartlepool, in the County
of Durham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
My invention relates to spigot and socket joints for pipes which are usually con-
structed of earthenware, stoneware, and the like material used for sewerage or the
like purposes in which a liquid tight connection at the joints is essential.
Hitherto the difficulty has been to obtain a tight and solid band of cement round
the spigot and socket of such pipes owing to leakage through the joint into the
pipe and outside thereof as well when charging the cement under pressure in the
liquid state. To overcome this defect great expense has been incurred in turning
and boring the socket and spigot to an exact and liquid tight fit.
The object of my invention is to design a joint which is specially adapted for
earthenware and stoneware or the like pipes whereby a perfectly tight and effective
joint is obtained by very simple means.
In carrying my invention into effect I construct the spigot end of the pipe with
a flange cast on and the usual shoulder or ledge is formed in the socket end of the
pipe so that when jointed together the end of the socket comes flush with the flange
on the spigot and the spigot end comes flush with the corresponding shoulder or
ledge in the socket, this enables the requisite contact to be obtained eudwise of the
pipes for the purpose of my invention. The outside circumference of the spigot is
recessed or grooved or the inside circumference of the socket is similarly recessed
and in some cases both spigot and rocket are recessed to correspond, the space so
formed being filled with cemicit poured through a hole or gate provided in the
socket and which cement fills up the groove or space within in the form of a belt
or ring extending round the pipe. But in order to prevent the leakage from the
joint provide between the end joints a compressible stemming or packing of
hemp, felt, indiarubber or the like suitable compressible material for the reception
of which suitable grooves or recesses are made so that when these ends are brought
flush together the stemming or packing is pressed up and a liquid tight joint in
mado. This enables the cement to be charged into the annular space to any
required pressure consistent with the strength of the pipes, and so to obtain a
reliable and efficient joint by means of the band of cement.

page_text: An Improved Joint for Pipes constructed on the Spigot and Socket
Principle.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM BROWN, of Tetford House, West Hartlepool, in the County
of Durham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and asoer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to spigot and socket joints for pipes which are usually con-
structed of earthenware, stoneware and the like material used for sewerage or the
like purposes in which a liquid tight connection at the joints is essential.
Hitherto the difficulty has been to obtain a tight and solid band of cement round
the spigot and socket of such pipes owing to leakage through the joint into the
pipe and outside thereof as well when charging the cement under pressure in a
liquid stute. To overcome this defect great expense has been incurred in turning
and boring the socket and spigot to an exact and liquid tight fit, and other means
have been devised, as hereinafter referred to.
The object of my invention is to design a joint which is specially adapted for
earthenware and stoneware or the like pipes whereby a perfectly tight and effective
joint is obtained by very simple means.
The means employed for carrying out my invention will be readily understood
by the following description taken with reference to the accompanying drawings
in which a joint is shown in sectional view taken lengthwise of the pipes. Refer-
ring to the figures the spigot end of the pipe is constructed with a flange or
collar a cast on or forming part thereof and the usual shoulder or ledge bis
formed on the socket end of the pipo so that when jointed together the end of the
socket comes flush with the flange or collar a on the spigot and the spigot end a¹
comes flush with the corresponding shoulder or ledge on the socket. This enables
the requisite contact to be obtained endwise of the pipes for the purpose of my
invention. In combination with this the spigot and socket are recessed or grooved
to form an annular space c round the pipe to be charged with cement or other hard
Betting or bituminous material poured through a hole or gate d. This belt or ring
of hard setting material forms the joint between the adjoining ends of the pipes.
by which they are locked together in the manner shown. But the difficulty has
always been to charge the annular space c with jointing material in the liquid or
molten state to the requisite pressure for getting a sound point inasmuch as the
. surface contact between spigot and socket especially in the case of earthenware
and stoneware pipes or metal pipes which have not been machined does not afford
a liquid tight fit, and the jointing material oozes away under the pressure applied
to properly charge the annular space c. Various devices have been employed to
prevent this, such as the use of plastic material laid in annular grooves or recesses
formed in the shoulder of the socket and flange or collar of the spigot as described
in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 5405 of 1890 and to form when set a
liquid tight seal to enable the cement charged into the annular space c in a liquid
state to be subjected to the requisite pressure without leakage to ensure a sound
joint.
By my invention I dispense with the use of plastic material to form a seal and
substitute therefor a compressible stemming or packing of hemp, felt, india rubber
or the like suitable compressible material which is packed into the grooves or
recesses e i.e. one in the shoulder a of the spigot and the other in the shoulder b
of the socket as shown in Fig. 1 or one in the shoulder a of the spigot and the other
at the end a¹ of the spigot as shown in Fig. 2, so that when the ends of the pipes
are brought flush together the stemming or packing is pressed up against the spigot

page_text: and socket and a liquid tight joint is made. This enables the jointing material to
be at once charged into the annular space c to any required pressure consistent with
the strength of the pipes and so to obtain a reliable and efficient or sound joint by
means of the band of cement or other jointing material.
Special advantages of the use of stemming of the kind as hereinbefore described
are that the stemming can be packed into the recesses or grooves e at any time
beforehand, and that the pipes only need to be pushed up home as if there were no
stemming, but are then at once sealed and ready for having the liquid cement
charged into the annular space c. For this purpose it is essential that the grooves
or recesses e are of a form to hold the stemming and may be under cut or dove-tailed
or of such other form as will best hold the stemming. The seal is effectual for gas
and water pipes and tubes for electric or other cables as well as ordinary sewer
pipes, lead being the jointing material instead of cement when iron pipes are used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
-
In the construction of the joints of pipes of the kind herein referred to and as a
means of sealing the joint at either end thereof the use of compressible stemming
or packing of hemp, felt, india rubber or the like compressible material placed in
grooves or recesses substantially in the manner and for the purpose as hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated this foth day or December 1991.
G. J. OLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent,
Stockton-on-Tees and Hull, Agent for the Applicant.