IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CLOSE FIRE-RANGES USUALLY TERMED KITCHENERS, FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Douglas, of Blackfriars Road, in the County
of Surrey, Ironmonger and Range Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CLOSE FIRE-RANGES USUALLY
TERMED KITCHENERS, FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION."
Sealed the 18th March 1868, and dated the 17th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Douglas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1862.
I, JOSEPH DOUGLAS, of Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Ironmonger and Range Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CLOSE FIRE-RANGES,
USUALLY TERMED KITCHENERS, FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION," to be as
follows:-
According to my Invention instead of placing the register or plate which
separates the chimney from the fire-place, in which these ranges are placed, at
the level of the breast of the chimney piece, I place it some eighteen inches
or two feet above that point, that is to say, so as to form an enclosed space of
the expanding mouth of the chimney, which is, however, open below, and
extends over the area of the range. I form a register, valve, or opening in

page_text: this plate, but which is usually kept close, not being required for the purpose
of my Invention. From this place I continue a metal or other tube up the
chimney, say, of two or three inches diameter, and some ten or fifteen feet
long; this may be enlarged towards the bottom. Any effluvia arising from
the range, or from the cooking in the kitchener or chamber in which it is
situated, collects in the space before mentioned, which is in communication
with the tube in the chimney, and so passes thence by the tube and escapes
directly up the chimney. The heat arising from the range creates a draft in
the draft tube, which is further enhanced by the chimney in which that tube
is placed. The chimney is, of course, heated by the fire in the range, which
communicate with each other by the flues, conducted through the closed range
somewhat in the ordinary way. In order still further to ventilate the
chamber in which the range is placed, I open a communication between the
chimney tube and said chamber near the ceiling by means of a short tube,
thus permitting ingress of air at that point to the draught tube. I further
ventilate other rooms by like tubes of communication, similarly disposed and
connected with the draft tube, which ventilation, if desired to be effected
in the upper rooms of a house, I continue the draft or chimney tube
upwards in proportion, and it may be to the top of the chimney.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said. Joseph Douglas in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th March 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
DOUGLAS, of Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey, Ironmonger and
Range Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Douglas, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Douglas,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Douglas, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-

page_text: PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CLOSE FIRE-RANGES, USUALLY TERMED
KITCHENERS, FOR THE PURPOSES OF VENTILATION," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Joseph Douglas, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Douglas, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
According to my improvements instead of placing the register or plate
which separates the chimney from the fire-place in which these ranges are
placed at the level of the breast of the chimney piece, I place it some
eighteen inches or two feet above that point, that is to say, so as to form an
enclosed space of the expanded mouth of the chimney, which is, however,
open below, and extends over 'the area of the range. I form a register valve
or opening in this plate, but which is usually kept closed, not being required
for the purposes of my Invention. Froin this plate I continue a metal or
other tube up the chimney, say, of two or three inches in diameter, and some
ten or fifteen feet long; this may be enlarged towards the bottom. Any
effluvia arising from the range, or from the cooking in the kitchen or chamber
in which it is situated collects in the space before mentioned, which is in
communication with the tube in the chimney, and so passes thence by the
tube and escapes directly up the chimney. The heat arising from the range
creates a draft in this ventilating tube, which is further enhanced by the heat
of the chimney in which that tube is placed. The chimney is, of course,
heated by the fire in the range, with which it communicates by the flues
In order
conducted through the close range somewhat in the ordinary way..
still further to ventilate the chamber in which the range is placed, I open a
communication between the ventilating or draft tube and said chamber near
the ceiling by means of a short tube, thus permitting ingress of air at that
point to the draft tube. I further ventilate other rooms by like tubes of com-
munication, similarly disposed and connected with the draft tube, which
ventilation if desired to be effected in the upper rooms of a house, I continue
the draft or chimney tube upwards in proportion, and it may be to the top-of
the chimney..
:

page_text: Fig. 1 represents a transverse vertical section of a kitchen chimney place,
with a close fire-range or kitchener in combination with the arrangement; of
parts according to my Invention for the purposes of ventilation; while Fig. 2
is a lateral vertical section of the same, with the exception of the range or
kitchener, which is represented in front view.
The kitchener A is set in the ordinary manner, having flues communicating
for the purpose of the close fire; B is the register plate, placed some distance
above the chimney breast, and in which is the register flap 6, and opening for
access to the chimney for cleaning or otherwise; C is a draft tube carried, up
the chimney, it is enlarged towards the bottom to afford ar eady ingress
for the air from the space D enclosed within the chimney breast E in front,
the plate B above, and the back and sides of the chimney, this space being
open below to the kitchen and exposed to the heat radiating from the
kitchener, the air therein becomes heated, and therefore ascends and tends to
escape, which it does by the pipe C in the chimney, and passing up such pipe
escapes into the chimney, the ascension of the air or draft in the tube C is also
much enhanced by the heat of the chimney acting on and heating the pipe C.
By this means a constant and gentle circulation and ventilation is kept up in
the kitchen towards the fire-place, the space D acting as a sort of reservoir of
warm air to maintain the quality of the circulation, and serving to generate
the draft in the pipe C, as described. By this means all smell from the
cooking going on in the kitchen and from the kitchener itself, which is so
very objectionable, is prevented circulating in the kitchen, and thence pre-
vading the whole house. The ventilation & escape of air into the space D
and by pipe C takes up all the vitiated atmosphere, as also bad or objection-
able smells generated in the kitchen, and this so effectually that not alone are
the other rooms and parts of a house freed from all objectionable odours
arising from the kitchen, but the kitchen itself is freed, and so ventilated as
to afford an agreeable atmosphere therein, and so as to offer no offence to the
olfactory organs, or producing that sense of oppression felt on entering a
kitchen having a close range, and produced by close ranges generally. A
kitchen so circumstanced is not only more agreeable for the cook or other
domestic, but also to the mistress or other supertendent, and for the reasons
above stated to the household generally. In order to produce a still better
ventilation of the kitchen, I form a communication g with the draft pipe C near
the ceiling, which by reason of the draft generated in pipe C, carries off the
vitiated air near the ceiling; this opening may be provided with a valve, if

page_text: required, but I have found it generally unnecessary, care being had to a due
proportion between the pipes g and C. The former may be about one-fourth
or fifth the cross sectional area of the latter. The pipe C, if intended to be
applied to the ventilation of the kitchen alone, need not be carried higher in
the chimney than about from 10 to 15 feet; but in some cases I make use of
it to ventilate the other rooms of a house, which application I have repre-
sented in transverse vertical section at Fig. 3. In this case I carry pipe C
up to the top of the chimney or nearly so, as seen, and provide communi-
cations 9, 9, 9¹¹¹, with each of the rooms near the ceilings, as before described
with reference to the kitchen. The draft created in the pipe C, as before
explained, produces a suction of air from the room and an extent of ven-
tilation in proportion to the size of the pipes C, g, and other circumstances.
These pipes 9, 93, 9³, may also be provided with valves, if desired, to
prevent back draughts, but, as before stated, I find it unnecessary, as there is
no inclination of the air to enter the rooms from pipe C by communications
9', 9, 9, and unlike Arnot valve ventilators, being quite separate from the
chimney flue, there is no possibility_of_the_entrance-(into-the-room-so-fitted)-
of soot or smoke at the ventilation pipes g¹, 91, 9¹¹¹.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is the arrange-
ment of parts herein-before described in combination with a kitchener or close
fire-range for the purposes of ventilation, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Douglas, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three. .
JOSEPH DOUGLAS. (L.S.)