matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF SUPPLYING BATHS AND OTHER PLACES WITH HOT WATER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Richardson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1870.
I, GEORGE RICHARDSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF SUPPLYING BATHS
AND OTHER PLACES WITH HOT WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for the supply of hot water to baths and to other
places, and consists in having a pipe into the ordinary boiler or copper
supplied with water from a higher level than the place where the lot
water is required, and having another pipe from the boiler or copper to
such last-mentioned place. The boiler or copper to be filled with water
and the lid to be fastened down when the water is heated, the water
from the higher level to be then turned on. When the hot water is thus
removed the lid to be unfastened or a ventilator in the lid to be opened.
This will supply baths at a very small expense, the plans now used
being very expensive..
IMPRoved Means FOR RAISING AND LOWERING TORRETS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS OF WAR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shannon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th.
November 1870.
I, JAMES SHANNON, of Tramore, in the County of Waterford, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPRoved Means
FOR RAISING AND LOWERING TORRETS IN SHIPS OR VESSELS OF WAR," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means for raising and lowering
turrets (either armed or unarmed) in fighting ships or steamers, or other
vessels of war, and consists in effecting the same by hydraulic, pneu-
matic, steam, or other motive power, as herein-after described.
By these improvements when the turrets are lowered (as would be the
case when the vessels were not fighting) the centre of gravity will be
brought considerably lower, and consequently the chance of the ship or
other vessel capsizing will be reduced almost to a minimum, and the
occurrences of such unfortunate accidents such as lately happened to
H.M.S. "Captain" will be prevented, or the liability thereto greatly
diminished. The turrets are intended to be raised and lowered (as

page_text: circumstances require) by means of one or more pistons acting against
the under side of each turret, or against the under side of a frame
carrying the same, and on which it revolves. These pistons may each
work separately or by pairs or more in a cylinder, the whole number of
cylinders being placed under the turrets upon a cast iron or other bed to
which they are firmly and suitably secured. Suitable framing is secured
from side to side of the vessel, on which when lowered the turrets rest.
Under this framing is placed the cylinder or cylinders on the bed above
alluded to. The pistons are intended to be moved or worked as most
suitable or convenient either by water power, as in the hydraulic press,
or by steam power, as in the steam cylinder, or by compressed air.
It may be here remarked as above referred to that any suitable
number of cylinders, four or five, for example, may be placed under each
turret, so as to be able to raise or lower each or any particular turret
when damaged or not required for use in fighting or on the approach of
a storm in as expeditious a manner as possible; also that more than one
piston may or may not as thought expedient work in each separate
cylinder, so as to raise any excessive weight; affording greater strength,
and thereby greatly diminishing the risk of any single piston breaking
or becoming deranged in any separate cylinder so as in any way to
interfere with the efficient working of the improved means, as a whole.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOUNTAIN LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Firth and John Eshelby
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 24th October 1870.
We, WILLIAM FIRTH, of Farsley, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Mechanic, and JOHN ESHELBY, of Stanningley and Dudley Hill, in the
same County, Iron and Tin Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FOUNTAIN
LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of lamps, in which oil,
paraffin, or other similar combustible liquids may be used for the
purpose of producing light, and whereby the principle of the "Torricelli
vacuum," or the pressure of the atmosphere is applied or taken
advantage of to prevent the escape of the oil or other liquid, except as
required for combustion.
We construct the lamp (by preference) of cylindrical form, but any
other form may be adopted. We have both top and bottom or both
ends permanently closed, and we fix a spout for the wick near the
bottom on one side, and above it on the same side we provide an inlet,

page_text: hole, or aperture for the introduction of the oil or other liquid; and we
also provide another aperture at the back opposite the spout for the
introduction of the wick, which may be closed by a plug, cap, or other
suitable means.
To fill the lamp with oil or other liquid it is placed in a horizontal
position with the spout and the inlet hole upwards, the spout allowing
the air to escape as the liquid is introduced, and when full the said
aperture must be closed by plug, cap, or other suitable means, which
renders the lamp air-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Fox and Robert
Larchin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 8th March 1870.
We, CHARLES JAMES Fox and ROBERT LARCHIN, of 61, King's Cross
Road, St. Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO
REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
:
The object of the Invention is to enable reaping and mowing machines
to do their work. more thoroughly and expeditiously, than can be
accomplished by any arrangement hitherto used.
This we effect by means of the following arrangements:-Instead of
the arrangements for giving motion to the knives or cutters by means
of the horse power applied thereto as hitherto adopted in reaping and
mowing machines, that is, we use an arrangement of steam or power
generator working cylinder and piston and piston rod acting directly or
indirectly upon the knives or cutters, which engine may be actuated
by steam, air, or other motive power, and forms part of reaping or mowing
machine

page_text: By the above-described arrangements the work is performed by the
machine much more quickly and effectively than by any arrangement
hitherto used because the power for working the knives is not dependent
upon the motion of the horse, which motion is always slower in a heavy
crop; where it is actually necessary the knives or cutters should move t
with a greater speed.
The great feature of our Invention being the application of steam,
compressed air, or other motive power to the knives or cutters as
aforesaid, independently of the tractive power, we include within our
Invention any modification of the above details suitable for effecting such 1
application.
AN IMPROVED DISINFECTING AND CLEANSING POWDER OR SAPONACEOUS COMPOUND, AND VESSEL TO CONTAIN THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Segismund Cohné at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
May 1870.
I, SEGISMUND COHNÉ, of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN IMPROVED DISINFECTING
AND CLEANSING POWDER OR SAPONACEOUS COMPOUND, AND VESSEL TO CONTAIN THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in producing a disinfecting and cleansing
powder or soap that shall be free from any disagreeable smell, not stain
the hands, and be more convenient and agreeable for use than the
disinfectants and soaps as heretofore made. I propose to accomplish this
by mixing together the following ingredients, matters, or substances :-I
take good pure soap and reduce it to powder by any convenient means,
I then take about three per cent. of permanganate of potash, and mix
with about one and a half per cent. of a phospate salt (but I prefer
phosphate of ammonia) or an organic acid, such as tartaric or citric acid.

page_text: The above mixture or powder when required for use I place in a tin box,
the lid or top whereof has a slit formed therein covered by a spring slide
for discharging the powder as required. When used mix about half a
teaspoonful in a pint a pint and a half of water until the water turns
purple, then use immediately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOXES OR CASES FOR CONTAINING EGGS, GLASS, CROCKERY, OR OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING TO BE PACKED SEPARATELY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1870. A communication from abroad by James McCree, of the
City of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario, and Dominion of
Canada..
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOXES OR CASES FOR
CONTAINING EGGS, GLASS, CROCKERY, OR OTHER ARTICLES REQUIRING TO BE PACKED
SEPARATELY," (being a communication to me from abroad by James McCree,
of the City of Toronto, in the Province of Ontario, and Dominion of
Canada,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the mode of constructing boxes or packing
cases herein-after stated.
A light wooden frame of any suitable shape, but by preference square,.
is divided into compartments, each compartment being made to the size.
required, so that one of the articles being packed may fit nicely into it..
The said compartments or cardboard partitions extend one half of the.
depth of the frame, and a short distance below the cardboard there is a

page_text: sort of openwork bottom of string, cord, or such like material, and in
most cases there is a second bottom of similar material a little below
the first one, so that the egg or other article may pass partly through
the highest and rest upon the lowest one. Below these again there is
another bottom of canvas, which completes the frame..
A number of frames so constructed are fitted one on the top of another
into a box or case. Also a frame of about an inch or thereabouts in
depth is made with a canvas bottom with similar cardboard divisions.
so as to correspond with those of the packing frames, but without any
bottoms of string or cord. The object of this frame being to empty the
packing frames of their contents it is placed on the top of the packing
frame and the two frames are turned upside down, when the eggs or
other articles in the packing frame will fall into the compartment in the
emptying frame, which being shallow the eggs or other articles can easily
be taken out. One of these frames is put into each box, which serves, as
a cover to the upper frame.
In packing glass and crockery the compartments must be made so
that the article being packed may exactly fit into them, and when the
articles require more than usual care in packing the partitions may be
made double or lined with some very soft material..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cross at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March
1870.
I, JAMES CROSs, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I propel vessels by means of one or more
oscillating beams furnished with pallets or flaps, and disposed either at
the stern or on either side of a vessel.
In one arrangement of propeller, more particularly applicable to vessels
of narrow build, I mount the beam to oscillate on a vertical axis or shaft
disposed in the dead wood at the stern of the vessel, the beam, which
may be of considerable length, projecting on either side. The beam is
wholly submerged, and is formed with tapered edges to enable it to pass
freely through the water. I provide the top or bottom (or both) surfaces
of the beam with flaps or pallets, which I hinge thereto either in a
vertical or in a horizontal position, and so that on the backward stroke
the resistance of the water will cause said flaps or pallets to assume an
inclined or diagonal position and present an extended surface to act on

page_text: the water for propelling the vessel. The beam is driven direct from a
pair of steam cylinders disposed one at either side of the vessel, the
piston rods of which cylinders pass through stuffing boxes in the stern of
the vessel, and are each connected at or near the end of the beam by
suitable connecting rods. On steam being supplied to the cylinders the
beam is caused to oscillate to and fro in the water, the pallets or flaps
on either half of the beam acting on the water alternately.
For vessels of considerable breadth of beam I prefer to employ a twin
hull with an oscillating beam mounted in each stern post. These beams
I provide with pallets or flaps and drive each direct from a pair of steam
cylinders as before, or three cylinders only may be employed, the piston
rod of the middle cylinder being provided with a cross head and con-
nected to the inner end of both beams, which it is desirable should oscillate
in unison.
According to another arrangement I mount a beam vertically on a :
horizontal axis to oscillate in a fore-and-aft direction at either side of
a vessel somewhat in the position of an ordinary paddle wheel, but wholly
submerged. The beams are provided with pallets or flaps, and would
each be driven direct from a pair of steam cylinders disposed at either
side of the vessel.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING ROOMS OR BUILDINGS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Walton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
September 1870.
I, THOMAS WALTON, of the Firm of Walton and Brear, of Bradford,
in the County of York, Plumbers, Glaziers, Gas and Steam Fitters, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING ROOMS OR BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to means of ventilating the rooms of
dwelling-houses or public buildings, but is applicable also to the rooms
or berths of ships, or any other rooms requiring ventilation; and the
improved means consist in constructing or forming a slit or opening in
the upper or top part of the window, in the glazing thereof, by placing
one sheet of glass outside of and overlapping or overlaying another
sheet of glass and leaving a space betwixt the two sheets for the admis-
sion or passage of air. At the top of this slit, opening, or passage a
flap or cover is hinged so as to cover and close the said opening when
required, but which flap can be readily opened or lifted so as to open
the passage by having a string attached thereto, and thence passed over
one or more pullies arranged so as to conduct it to any convenient part

page_text: of the room to be operated upon. By this means the necessity and
inconvenience of opening and closing the sashes of the windows of
rooms is avoided; also when cold air is thus admitted to a room the
current is directed or projected upward against the ceiling, there com-
bining with the vitiated air of the room, and thus preventing the baneful 5
effects thereof upon the health of the inmates or occupiers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FULMINATING COMPOUNDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wm. Perkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1870.
I, JOHN WM. PERKINS, Chemist, of Arlington Lodge, Herne Hill Road,
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FULMINATING
COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
I prepare phosphorous after the usual well known manner, and called
amorphorous phosphorous, and which amorphous phosphorous I combine
this with any of the metallic sulphurets, but by preference sulphurets
of antimony, chlorate of potash, or nitrate of potash, or any combination
of the same, and the proportions may be varied according to the purpose
to which it is intended to apply the fulminate or explosive agent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Redford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
July 1870.
I, JOSEPH REDFORD, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:--
These improvements relate to the treading motion used in power
looms for working the treadles so as to produce the pattern required, and
consists of a simple arrangement of mechanism, whereby I am enabled
without changing the tappet plates to work any variety of pattern, and
as many or as few " changes to the round" as may be required. I
employ as many tappet plates as there are shafts or treadles in the loom,
that is, one tappet plate for each treadle, the said tappet plates not being
connected together in any way nor revolving together, but all mounted
loosely on the same stud, and each one free to turn thereon perfectly
separate and independently of the rest. The tappet plates are provided
with ratchet teeth or notches round their circumference, against or
into which work catches (one to each tappet plate), these catches are

page_text: mounted on a stud, and are caused to oscillate to and fro by the vibration
of the slay or the revolution of the crank shaft, or by any other con-
venient means, so that (when in gear) each catch shall cause its own
tappet plate to revolve at intervals, and thus raise or lower its corre-
sponding treadle.
It will be evident that so long as all of the catches are in gear the
whole of the tappet plates would revolve together in the same manner as
heretofore, and consequently only a very limited number of " changes to
the round" (say about four) could be produced, but by raising any of
the catches out of gear its own tappet plate will remain stationary until
the catch is dropped in gear again, and hence by raising and letting fall
the catches in the required order and at the proper intervals any desired
number and combination of changes to the round may be effected. In
order to throw the catches into and out of gear with their respective
tappet plates so as to produce the changes required, I use an endless
chain furnished with pegs or projections, which acting on the catches
raise them out of gear or let them fall into gear as may be required. The
pegs or projections on this chain are so arranged as to effect the neces-
sary changes in the treading required to work the pattern, and by
re-arranging this chain or substituting another for it any number and
succession of changes to the round may be produced without altering
the tappets in any way.
The chain passes over a roller to which an
intermittent revolving motion is communicated either by the revolution
of the crank shaft, the beat of the slay, or from any other convenient
moving part of the loom.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR BINDING MUSIC, PAMPHLETS, AND OTHER PAPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Adams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
April 1870. A communication from abroad by Anthony Morris
Crowhurst, of Boston, United States of America.
I, THOMAS ADAMS, of 14, Little Tower Street, in the City of London,
Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS FOR BINDING MUSIC, PAMPHLETS, AND OTHER PAPERS," to be
as follows:-
Portfolio with two guards made of steel, covered with cloth or leather,
attached to the inside of the portfolio at the joints. The guards are
pierced and eyeletted, and a needle and thread fastened to the left-
hand guard in two or more places, the needles are then passed through
the papers or documents intended to be bound, then through the eyelets
in the guard on the opposite side, and the thread fastened to wire
fastenings fixed on the guard.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PORTABLE CHAFF ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Maynard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1870.
I, ROBERT MAYNARD, of Whittlesford, in the County of Cambridge,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN PORTABLE CHAFF ENGINES," to be as follows :--
This Invention relates exclusively to portable chaff engines. By
portable chaff engines I mean such chaff engines as are used for accom-
panying and being worked by portable powers and not such as are
fixed or worked principally by fixed powers. It applies to such portable
chaff engines as are furnished with means for separating the cavings
or imperfectly cut straws from the chaff, and consists in applying to
such chaff engines apparatus for elevating the cavings sufficiently high
for them to be acted upon by the knives, so as to be cut into chaff.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BALL VALVES AND FLOATS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ross at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1870.
I, WILLIAM Ross, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO BALL VALVES AND FLOATS," to be as
follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to improved ball valves and floats designed more
particularly for watercloset and other hydraulic apparatus, but also
applicable otherwise. The improved ball valve is made of vulcanized
rubber in a hollow spherical or similar form and is filled with compressed
air, which gives a greater elasticity than when the ball is filled with
an incompressible substance, and a "greater firmness combined with
elasticity than when it is filled with uncompressed air. The rubber ball
has a metal nozzle fixed in it with an inlet aperture for the compressed
air, and which nozzle also serves for attaching it by to the rod or lever
by which it is to be moved. The compressed air is admitted from a
reservoir by a flexible branch pipe, and is imprisoned in the ball by

page_text: means of a plug of lead or other soft metal or material which is put into
the inlet aperture, at first loosely to let the air go in past it, and is after-
wards knocked or forced in through the flexible supply pipe before
withdrawing the ball from the pipe. The air is compressed by pumps, or
as is preferred where the pressure of the water from the street mains is
sufficient by admitting the water into a closed reservoir full of air, the
quantity of water so admitted being regulated by a cock with a float of
the improved kind. If it is found that from porosity in the rubber the
imprisoned air looses its pressure the balls may be coated internally with
dissolved rubber or other suitable varnish.
The improved float is contrived so as not to collapse when used as in
the case herein-before referred to under great pressure or where the
pressure varies. It is made like a common hollow float but with an
open ended tube communicating with the interior and reaching up
sufficiently to be always above the water so that the pressure inside the
float may always be the same as that of the air above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING WOOL FOR COMBING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Emmott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1870.
I, JAMES EMMOTT, of Farsley, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Machine Wool Combing Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING WOOL
FOR COMBING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a method or means of balling a series of
slivers of wool as they come from the gilling machine.
Heretofore
cach sliver from the gill has been balled separately and the series
afterwards combined in one ball by a distinct process.
Now my improvements consist in the application of a series of guides,
conductors, or carriers placed between the gill machine and the bobbin
of the balling machine, whereby the series of slivers are conducted to
and wound upon the said bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clayton Mewburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1870.-A communication from abroad by Alexander
Friedmann, Engineer, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria.
I, JOHN CLAYTON MEWBURN, of 172, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent and Consulting Engineer,, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING
AND EJECTING FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in placing a rod or core within the injector or
ejector, the said rod or core extending from end to end of the apparatus,
and being fixed by cross pieces at each end. The rod or core is con-
centric with the nozzles of the injector or ejector, so that both the
driving jet and the driven jet become annular.
The following advantages are thereby obtained :-First, the circum-
ference of an annular jet being greater in proportion to its cross section
than that of a solid jet the condensation of the steam is much facilitated;
second, as steam cannot remain uncondensed in the centre of the jet, not
even for the shortest time, irregular condensation and consequent bad

page_text: effect are avoided; third, the rod or core forms a perfect central guide
to the driven jet, which is thereby prevented from deviating to the side
in any part of its passage from the steam nozzle to the end of the
receiving nozzle.
The central rod may be applied with great advantage to boiler
injectors of large size, to water ejectors and elevators made on the
principle of a former Invention of the present Inventor Alexander
Friedmann, and patented as a communication from him by George
Tomlinson Bousfield, on the 25th February 1868, No. 634; also to the
apparatus known as ejector condensers or condenser ejectors.
For water ejectors especially I fit to the suction pipe a rose of large
dimensions having great area of holes, and covered by a bell which
nearly touches the bottom of the tank or vessel to be emptied, so that
with a large suction rose I can empty the tank almost to the last drop
without a special well in it. This also applies to other water elevators
or pumps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SAWING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Colin Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th March
1870.
I, COLIN YOUNG, of Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR SAWING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved machine
whereby cylindrical blocks of wood or other materials can be sawn
with ease and efficiency. This operation is effected by means of a steel
saw, the blade of which is made in the form of a cylinder or segment
or segments of a cylinder, and which may be made of any desired
size and arranged so as upon rotation to describe a circle of any
desired diameter according to the bulk of the materials to be cut.
The facial edge of the blade is provided with teeth which are cut and
made to any required form and any angle, as will be well understood
by persons conversant with sawing machinery. The other end of the
cylindrical saw blade is fixed to a frame constructed of iron or other
suitable material, and which frame by preference is in the form of a

page_text: wheel. Rotation of the saw and frame is effected by means of any
suitable motive power, as well understood. The substance to be cut
is placed upon a bed or table in front of the saw and is moved up to
the latter as the operation of cutting progresses by hand or by any
of the well known contrivances for that purpose. By means of this i
apparatus cylindrical blocks and cylindrical apertures can be readily
formed with great rapidity and efficiency.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Woodawiss Rhodes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1870.
I, JAMES WOODAWISS RHODES, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to afford means for cleaning the pipes
with great facility, and also to remove the nicotine oil before it
accumulates to any great extent. I cause
the ordinary suction
passage to be extended through the bowl of the pipe, so that a brush
or cleaner can be easily passed through when required, and cover this
passage at the bowl by a spring valve in connection with a lever which
can be worked by the finger, so as to open the valve when desired or
when smoking, and at the bottom of the bowl there is another passage
leading to the straight suction passage. When the valve is closed the
pipe can be smoked in the ordinary way, and the nicotine falls through
the
upper tube into the lower, but before it is allowed to accumulate to
an unpleasant or deleterious extent the valve is opened, and by blowing

page_text: strongly through the straight pipe the nicotine is driven through the
valve, and the passage is comparatively clean, and when the upper tube
is clogged the matter is pushed into the lower tube and blown out as
before.
These improvements are applicable to meerschaums, briars, or any
other description of pipes in which they can be suitably employed.
AN IMPROVED SETTING FID
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Llewellyn Walker and Frederick
Alfred Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th May 1870.
We, LLEWELLYN WALKER, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Block and Spar Maker, and FREDERICK ALFRED WALKER, of the same
Place, also Block and Spar Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SETTING FID," to be as follows (that is
to say)
This Invention has for its object an improved setting fid" whereby
the opening out of a "cringle," and the insertion of the "thimble," may
be performed at one operation and in a much more handy manner than
can be done by the present form of "setting fid," and this without fear
of breaking or straining the yarns of rope. The "setting fid" now
in common use consists of cone of wood or metal in one piece, upon
which the "cringles" or eyes in the ropes are opened out by being driven
upon it with a mallet to the size required to receive the thimble to be
inserted therein, after which the rope is taken off the fid and the
thimble inserted by hand with the aid of a marlinespike or other lever,
which operation is liable to strain or break some of the yarns of the

page_text: rope. To obviate these objections, and facilitate the labour, and abridge
the time required in opening the cringles and inserting the thimbles, the
Inventors construct their improved "fitting fid" in sections divided at
right angles to its longitudinal axis at (say) every quarter of an inch of
the varying diameter, and hold the whole together by a bolt or rod
passing through the longitudinal centre of the fid, which is secured at
the base by a suitable head or its mechanical equivalent, and at the
reverse end is constructed with a screw thread on which is screwed a
metallic. cap which forms the apex of the cone, and to prevent sections
by any chance moving latterally or turning on the centre, dowel joints
are applied to each section below the cap. In some cases, in place of
using dowel unions, circular V tongues and grooved joints may be
used. The joints may form a perfect circular, or a portion, or portions.
of an arch, or the V joints may be used in combination with the dowels
if found desirable.
In cases where a large amount of work has to be done on the fitting.
fid extra sections are used, which have collars turned upon the lower
surface or base thereof, which enters the thimble, for the more readily
holding it in position during the operation of placing the cringle thereon.
The thimble is placed in the cringle by separating the sections of the
fid at the joint coinciding with the size of the thimble placing it between
them, then securing the whole in position by the screwed rod and its
binding nut, the cringle is then placed on to the fid and driven down
until it falls into the groove of the thimble, when the operation is.
completed by simply removing it from the fid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE HOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Grassam at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th March 1870.
I, WILLIAM HENRY GRASSAM, of Spalding, in the County of Lincoln,
Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE HOES," to be as follows :-
This Invention is designed for the purpose of affording to each share
of the hoe a straight or direct and clear "traverse" through the ground,
and so avoiding the deleterious collecting or formation of the tufts of
grass or weeds in front of the hoe, which also impede its progress and
prevent the proper hoeing of the soil or ground.
To effect this purpose I attach to the lever carrying the hoe, in front of
the latter, an adjustable arm having a rotating cutting plate or wheel (for
the purpose of dividing the soil) pivotted at its bottom end. This cutting
plate or wheel may be held or supported by a bracket from the hoe itself
and suspended immediately above its centre by a chain or spring or
by any other suitable supporting device. The arm carrying the plate or

page_text: *wheel, as also the hoe itself, are made adjustable upon the lever, so that by
this arrangement as the hoe proceeds the pivotted wheel rotates and
divides the soil, and allows the share of the hoc a clear passage through
the soil, and prevents any clogging of the tufts above and in front of
the hoe.
MENTS IN HATS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thornhill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
January 1870.
I, GEORGE THORNHILL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN HATS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
.
This Invention, which relates to certain improvements in hats, consists
in the manner of fixing the leather or lining which is in contact with
the wearer's head. In place of fixing the leather or lining by any of the
modes at present adopted under the present Invention the leather or
lining is sewn to the body of the hat throughout a portion or section
of its circumference, whilst the remainder of the said leather or lining is
separated by a space from the body of the bat, being supported by one or
more suspending links fixed to the lower part of a secondary leather or
lining and held by rivets, studs, stitching, or otherwise to the body of the
hat.

page_text: By means of this Invention free ventilation of the hat is insured, and
the projections which exist in ventilating hats as at present made and
are inconvenient to the wearer are avoided; at the same time the hat is
reduced to the least dimensions compatible with free ventilation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PULPING MACHINERY SPECIALLY FOR COOKED CEREALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Newton Wilson and Charles
Hengst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd December 1870.
We, NEWTON WILSON, of 144, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, and CHARLES HENGST, of
Chelsea, also in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PULPING MACHINERY
SPECIALLY FOR COOKED CEREALS," to be as follows :—
A metal cylinder closely perforated at its sides and base with holes
from to inch diameter is fixed upon a table or stand, which is so
arranged as to be readily secured to an ordinary table. In this cylinder
a plunger or masher of either wood or metal, and connected by hinged
joints to a horizontal lever, has an upward and downward motion. One
pressure of the lever downwards upon the boiled potatoes or other
vegetables forces the pulp through the perforations, and the work is
completed. The result is a perfect pulp free from all lumps, skin, or
fibre.

page_text: The lever is attached at the fulcrum by a joint giving a lateral motion,
so as to ensure a vertical action of the plunger to which it is connected
near the centre of the lever.
The machine admits of modifications of construction, so as to admit
of the pulping of uncooked cereals for cattle food.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-PREVENTING APPARATUS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Gjerdrum at the Office. of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1870.
I, OTTO GJERDRUM, of Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway, but
at present of 89, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-PREVENTING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in a peculiar arrangement of fire-doors and
dampers in boilers haying more than one furnace, the said fire-doors
and dampers being in connection with each other in such a way that
when, for instance, in a double flued boiler the right-hand door be
opened for the purpose of firing a damper on the same side shuts the
flue corresponding, thus compelling the products of combustion from
the right-hand furnace to pass over and mix with the products of com-
bustion passing off by the left-hand flue, the damper for which is
simultaneously opened. On shutting the right-hand door the dampers
remain in the same position till the effect of the raw coals put on have
disappeared. The left-hand fire-door is then opened, by which operation
the position of the damper becomes reversed.

page_text: To accomplish this object and at the same time ensure a proper supply
of hot fresh air, I employ the following arrangement:-Each door is
by a spiral spring, in connection with the lower arm of a double-armed
lever, the spindle of which carries or is connected to a damper for a flue
tending to shut off the products of combustion, proceeding from that
furnace. When the spring by opening the door is sufficiently com-
pressed the lever is moved and the damper on that side shut. The
lever is held in its position by a spring catch and the elasticity of the
spiral spring allows the door to be shut again. On opening the other
door the same action takes place. Two bars passing across the front
of the boiler serve to disengage the spring catches on one side or the
other, by being acted upon by the other end of the said double-armed
lever. Tubes passing from the front to the space over or behind the
bridge and having regulators if desired convey fresh warm air to aid
the perfect combustion of coal and the prevention of smoke. By mani-
pulating properly with the doors the dampers may be worked in such
a way as to ensure the object desired. The bars can easily be removed
when it is desired to clean the tubes of the boiler if applied to a tubular
boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALL VALVES FOR SUPPLYING WATER CISTERNS AND TANKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Redfern at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
July 1870.
I, HENRY REDFERN, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Manufacturer of Ball Valves, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BALL
VALVES FOR SUPPLYING WATER CISTERNS AND TANKS," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist of a screw boss with a male end having
a prominent nose, the male end is screwed into or otherwise secured to
a body containing a valve, a hole is formed in the centre of the body,
such body forming a receptacle for the spindle of the valve. The
valve is sunk at the end and contains a washer made of cork, leather,
india-rubber, or other flexible material. The valve is worked by a
lever having a ball or float attached thereto, which will cause it to close
by being pressed against the nose of the boss and to open by the pressure
of the water against the face of the valve.
.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUBE BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: '
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pinchbeck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
: 1870.
.
I, JOHN РINCHBECк, of 27, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER TUBE BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to remedy a defect which has long
been felt to exist in the ordinary water tube boilers (viz.) the impos-
sibility of blowing out any deposit of mud or other impurities that may
from time to time accumulate in the bottom of the external tubes.
It is obvious that a seperate blow-off cock to each tube is impracticable,
but even were it otherwise the cocks themselves from the absence of
any circulation of water in them would soon become eaten away by the
action of the furnace.
Now the object of this Invention is to remedy the above defect by the
employment of a single blow-off cock to clean out the whole series of
steam generating tubes, and this I effect in the following manner :—

page_text: The outer or steam generating tubes are fixed in the tube plate in the
ordinary manner (viz.) the tubes are dropped into their respective holes
in the tube plate and expanded with a taper drift to fit the hole. I fit
the shell of the boiler and the uptake with angle-iron rings, upon which
(when blowing through) I allow a plate carrying the internal or water
tubes to drop, thereby cutting off all communication between the steam
and water above the top plate in the boiler and the steam and water
below the aforesaid plate, except by means of the water tubes. As soon
therefore as the equilibrium of pressure is destroyed by the opening of
the blow-off cock in the shell the plate previously held up by suitable
springs is forced down upon the rings of angle iron above described,
thus forming practically a tight joint; the steam and water above the
top plate rushes down the internal and up the external tubes, and in its
passage carries away any sediment which may have accumulated in
their ends. When not blowing through the plate carrying the water
tubes is held away from the angle-iron rings by means of springs which
allow the steam generated to escape into the body of the boiler.
I do not confine myself to the above details. I may also make the
plate carrying the water tubes a fixture to the sides of the boiler, in
which case I put a given number of holes in it to allow the steam to
escape; these however are provided on the top surface with india-rubber
or other suitable valves, which close as soon as the blow-off cock is
opened, and thus force the steam and water down the water tubes,
and thence up the outer or generating tubes in the manner before
described.
Altho' in the above the force of steam is described as the power
which causes the tube plate holding the water tubes to close on the
angle-iron rings, yet I also accomplish the same object by means of
cams or screws working thro' stuffing boxes placed in the external shell
of the boiler.
AN IMPROVED STEAM GENE- RATOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
August 1870. A communication from abroad by Nelson Horatio
Barbour, of New York, in the United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of the General Patent Office, 4, South
Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STEAM GENE-
RATOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The Invention communicated to me relates to a method of generating
steam upon a new principle, that is to say, by means of a vacuum
chamber, and consists as follows:-The construction of the apparatus
may be modified, but I prefer small metal tubes hermetically closed, into
which a small quantity of water or other liquid is introduced, the air
therein being wholly or partially exhausted leaving more or less of a
vacuum or vacuous space within the tubes above the water which they
contain. The tubes have their upper ends inserted in a vessel containing
water, and their lower ends placed over a fire like the tubes in that class
of boilers known as drop tube" steam boilers. The heat acts on the
lower ends of the tubes and converts the water they contain into
"

page_text: steam which fills the vacuous space above the water and transmits its
heat by condensation to the water surrounding the upper ends of the
tubes, converting it into steam which is conveyed into a suitable steam
space in another vessel for application to power or other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING WRAPPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Joseph Osborne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th October 1870.
I, WILLIAM JOSEPH OSBORNE, of No. 4, Old Fish Street, in the City
of London, Rug Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING WRAPPERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object to produce a garment which can be
used either as a travelling wrapper or as a loose overcoat. It differs
from the ordinary wrapper in the following particulars :--1st, the garment
has no seam, but is adapted to the neck by a plait on each shoulder
permanently or otherwise fastened; 2ndly, a breast pocket is added;
3rdly, a girdle made fast at the back to be drawn round the waist is also
added and completes the garment.