IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Cooke, of Cornhill, in the City of London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Cooke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th February 1857.
I, WILLIAM COOKE, of Cornhill, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS. FOR VENTILATING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for ventilating.
For these purposes sheets or plates of glass and of perforated metal or wire
gauze are used in combination in the following manner:-When the ven-
tilator is intended to be used in substitution of one of the panes of glass in
a window or door frame, a rectangular frame of metal is formed suitable to
fit the window or door frame in place of one of the panes of glass. Two
plates of glass are used, one of which is fixed in the frame, and the other
is made capable of sliding up and down in the frame by. the aid of a cord
and pulley, or other convenient means. Above the sliding plate of glass there
is a folding ventilator of wire gauze or of perforated material, the upper end
of which is fixed to the frame, and the lower end of which is fixed to the
upper-edge of the sliding plate of glass, hence as the sliding plate of glass
is moved-up and down the ventilator is folded or unfolded. In some cases,
in place of having the ventilator to fold, there are a series of louvre or narrow
plates of glass fixed in inclined directions, but parallel to each other, and
the spaces between them have wire gauze or perforated metal fixed across;

page_text: in other respects the frame and the fixed and moveable plates of glass remain
as above stated. In applying ventilators to swing windows, the ventilators
made of plates of wire gauze or of perforated material are hinged together,
and one such folding ventilator is applied to each end of the swing window.
When the ventilator is to be applied to only part of the opening suitable for
.receiving a pane of glass, and where the upper part of the glass is arranged
to move on a hinge or axis, the moving frame is formed with triangular or
angular pieces of wire guaze or of perforated material at each end, and with
a covering or bent plate of wire guaze or of perforated material, which is
fixed to and moves with the glass. Where the open space to receive the
ventilator has several narrow plates of glass each moveable on axes or necks
at their ends, which open and close. parallel to each other, in the manner
of moveable louvres, each plate of glass has a bent or curved piece of wire
gauze or of perforated material affixed to it, so as to stand across the openings
between the several plates when they open; or in place of having the wire
gauze fixed to and moving with the plates of glass, the wire gauze or per-
forated bent material may be fixed and have, triangular pieces at the ends,
in which arrangement the plates of. glass are formed to hinge or move on
their lower edges.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters. Patent, filed
by the said William Cooke, in, the Great Seal: Patent. Office on the
14th August 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS' SHALL COME; I; WILLIAM
COOKE, of Cornhill, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of'February, in the year of our Eord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth-year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and' grant unto me; the said
William Cooke, Her special licence that I the said William Cooke; my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as-I, the said-William
Cooke, my executors, administrators, and assigns; should at any time agree
with; and no others, from time to time and at all' times thereafter 'during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, usé, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS: FÓR
VENTILATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I; the said William

page_text: Cooke, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
.NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Cooke, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists, first, in an improved method of constructing ven-
tilators, of wire gauze or other perforated material, so that they may be
suitable to be fitted, to the sash of a window or door, so as to occupy the
place of one or more squares of glass or other material.
Figure 1. of the accompanying Drawing shows a front view of a "French
window" having a ventilator constructed according to my Invention applied
thereto; .Figures 2 and 3 shew two sections on a larger scale of the ventilator;.
Figure 2 showing the ventilator open, and Figure 3 showing it closed., a, a,
are surfaces of perforated,wire gauze or other perforated material, which are
jointed or hinged at b, so as to be capable of folding up into the position
shewn at Figure. 3 when the ventilator is closed. The wire gauze a, a, is
connected to the upper part c of the frame of the ventilator, and it is also
fixed at.d to the sliding piece of glass or other material e, which is raised
or lowered. by the cord f, which passes over the pulley g, or it may be moved
by other convenient means. The amount of ventilation may be regulated
by placing the ring at the end of the cord f, see Figure 1, over one or other
of the studs h on the side of the window frame, or the sliding part may be
held or regulated by other convenient,means. i, i, Figures 2 and 3, shew
a.metal frame in which the apparatus above described is arranged, and such
frame i, i, is.made suitable for being fixed to the frame or sash of a window
or a door, so, as to occupy the place of one or more squares of glass or of
other.material, and it may be, made of any suitable material or of any required
shape. Thus it will be seen that the air in passing through the opening
formed by lowering the sliding piece of glass or other material e, will be
divided into very numerous minute streams by the perforated wire gauze.a,
which also prevents the entrance of dust. In place of wire gauze other.
finely perforated material may be used. is a piece of metal or other
material attached to the side of the frame i of the ventilator, for the purpose
of guiding the sheets, of wire gauze a, a.

page_text: Figures 4 and 5 'shew another part of my Invention, suitable when it is
desired to fix a ventilator, as in Figure 1, to the frame or sash of a window
or a door, so as to occupy the place of one or more squares of glass or of
other material. In the arrangement as here shewn, a, Figure 5, is a fixed
piece of glass occupying about one-half of the frame of the ventilator; b,
Figure 5, is a sliding piece of glass, which when up closes. the opening of the
ventilator; c, c, are a series of plates or surfaces of wire gauze or of other
perforated material hinged together at d, d. The upper edge of the upper
one of these plates or surfaces c, c, is fixed at the upper part of the frame e
and the lower edge of the lower plate or surface c is fixed to the sliding
piece of glass b. f, f, are cords, passing through openings g, g, made. in the
plates attached to the side of the perforated material; and h; h, are pulleys,
by which the sliding piece of glass b is raised and lowered, according to the
extent of ventilation desired.
"
Figure 6 shews a section of another improvement in ventilators to be.used
in place of a pane of glass in a door or window. In this arrangement the
opening for receiving a pane of glass is fitted partly with fixed louvres of
glass a, a, as shewn. And in order to divide the air in its passage.through
the spaces (formed between the louvres) into numerous minute streams and
to exclude dust, these spaces are furnished with strips of wire gauze, or it
may be of other finely perforated material b, b. And in order completely or
partially to intercept or shut off the currents of air, there is a piece of glass
or other material c capable of sliding up and down by the use of a cord and
pulley, as in the previously described; or by other convenient means."
Another of my improvements consists in the application of curved pieces
of wire gauze, or it may be of other finely perforated material, to the openings
formed by the movement of a pane of glass or window upon centres or axes,
as shown at Figure 7, the nature of which will be readily understood.on
examining the Drawing, where a is a swing window, having curved pieces
of gauze or other perforated material b, b, at the top and bottom, and which
may be either.fixed to the frame of the window or made to move with the
swing window or pane of glass; c, c, are angular pieces of wire gauze or
other perforated material, fixed to the frame of the ventilator or window, or
made to move with the swing window; d is a cord, or it may be other con-
trivance, for retaining the swing window in the desired position, either shut,
or more or less open.
Figure 8 shews another part of my Invention, in which a is a fixed piece
of glass; and b, a moveable or hinged piece of glass, which is set in a metal
or other frame c. At each of the sides of the plate of glass b is fixed an

page_text: angular piece of wire gauze or other perforated material d, and there is also
a curved piece of wire gauze or of other perforated material e fixed at the
upper part of the plate b, as is shewn. f is the frame of the ventilator,
which fits into the frame or sash of the window or door, and may be of any
required shape; g is a cord for retaining the apparatus more or less open,
as may be desired, or it may be opened and shut by other convenient means.
The angular pieces of wire gauze d, and the curved pieces of wire gauze e,
may be either fixed or made to move with the moveable or hinged piece of
glass b.
Figure 9 shews a vertical section of another apparatus for ventilating.
a, a, are plates of glass, which are made to move on their bottom edges, as
is shewn, and they are moved by a cord or chain fixed to the arms c, attached
to the moveable plates of glass a, a, or they may be opened and shut by
other convenient means. d, d, are bent pieces of wire gauze or other per-
forated material, fixed to the frame of the ventilator e, or they may be attached
to and made to move with the plates of glass a, a; f, f, are angular pieces
of wire gauze, fixed to the frame of the ventilator, or made to move with the
plates of glass.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and shewn appli-
cations of the same, I would have it understood that my said improvements
may be modified and applied in various ways, and that I do not confine
myself to the exact details herein shown and described, nor to their application
to any particular part or form of window, as variations and adaptations may
be made therein, as also in the application, without departing from the peculiar
character of my Invention; but what I do claim is, the construction of
ventilators with the arrangements herein-before described, and in manner
substantially as herein given.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Cooke, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
WILLIAM COOKE. (L.S.)