IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cousins Garrood, of Fakenham, Norfolk, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES AND OTHER
VELOCIPEDES."
Sealed the 6th April 1877, and dated the 6th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cousins Garrood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1876.
JOHN COUSINS GARROOD, of Fakenham, Norfolk.
STRUCTION OF BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON
My Invention of improvements in the construction of bicycles and other
velocipedes consists,--
Firstly. Of improvements in the front fork or forks of the front driving wheel
or wheels, which I make of steel, iron, or brass, or other suitable metal tubing, and
which inust be hollow, and which is fitted, rivetted, brazed, or welded to any form
of fork head also forming fork head or socket.
Secondly. My Invention relates to the hind fork or forks for the hind wheels,
which I also make of steel, iron, brass, or any other suitable metal tubing, which is
fitted, rivetted, brazed, or welded to the breeches piece, also to the backbone in the
same manner, the said backbone being of the usual hollow metal tubing, thereby
making the machine much lighter and stronger than the present bicycles and easier
for travelling.
My Invention relates thirdly to the construction of that class of driving or front
wheel or wheels known as the "spider" or phantom," so as to make them more
rigid and prevent them from "springing" when pressure or weight is applied to the
cianks, and I effect this, firstly, by screwing the spokes into the hub at any angle
or angles or direct to the centre in the usual way, and by securing them by lock
nuts to the hub or hubs, thereby preventing them from becoming or "working'
loose; secondly, I effect this improvement by placing equidistant or otherwise two,
three, four, or more bars from one collar of the hub or nave to the other, or forming
part thereof; from the said bars metal spokes or ties extend equidistant or otherwise
to the rim or felloe of the wheel at such an angle or angles that the 'weight or
De S31
"

page_text: pressure shall be a direct strain or pull from the bars to the rim or felloes, thereby
increasing the durability of the wheels.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Cousins Garrood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
April 1877.
JOHN COUSINS GARROOD, of Fakenham, Norfolk.
STRUCTION OF BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES."
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of bicycles and other
velocipedes consists,―
Firstly. Of improvements in the front fork or forks of the front driving wheel or
wheels, which I make of steel, iron, or brass, or other suitable metal tubing, and
which is fitted, rivetted, brazed or welded to any form of fork head also forming
fork lead or socket.
Secondly. My Invention relates to the hind fork or forks for the hind wheels,
which I also make of steel, iron, brass, or any other suitable metal tubing, which.
is fitted, rivetted, brazed, or welded to the breeches piece, also to the backbone in
the same manner, the said backbone being of the usual hollow metal tubing, thereby
making the machine much lighter and stronger than the present bicycles and easier
for travelling.
My Invention relates, thirdly, to the construction of that class of driving or front
wheel or wheels known as the "spider" or " phantom," so as to make them more
rigid and prevent them from springing when pressure or weight is applied to the
cranks, and I effect this improvement, firstly, by screwing the spokes into the hub
at any angle or angles or direct to the centre in the usual way, and by securing
them by lock nuts to the hub or hubs, thereby preventing them from becoming or
"working" loose; secondly, by placing equidistant or otherwise two, three, four, or
more bars from one collar of the hub or nave to the other or forming part thereof.
From the said bars metal spokes or ties extend equidistant or otherwise to the rim
or felloe of the wheel at such an angle or angles that the weight or pressure shall be
a direct strain or pull from the bars to the rim or felloes, thereby increasing the
durability of the wheels.
And in order that my Invention may be better understood and more readily
put into operation, I will now proceed to describe the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Figure 1 being a front view of the front fork, part in section and part in elevation ;
Figure 2 is a side view of the same also part in section.
Figure 3 is a side view of a wheel showing position of tension bars and spokes.
Figures 4 and 5 are enlarged side and end views respectively of bars, spokes,
and hub.
In Figures 1 and 2, A is the breeches piece forming part of front fork head
through which the tubes B, B, pass through into the fork head piece C; through C
passes the regulating screw D.
In Figures 3, 4, and 5, E are bars or rods (three, four, or more as required) fixed
to the hub G or forming part thereof, into which are screwed spokes or ties F which
serve to take the shearing strain applied by the treadles or cranks off the ordinary
spokes of the wheel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Invention,
and how the same may be carried into practical operation, I would have it under-
stood that what I claim and desire to secure by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,―
Firstly, The construction and use of my improved fork of hollow metal tubing

page_text: for front wheel or wheels, as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 1
and 2 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and use of my improved fork of hollow metal tubing
applied to hind wheel or wheels of velocipedes, as herein-before described.
Thirdly. The construction and use of my improved driving wheel or wheels with
spokes screwed to the hub or nave and secured by lock nuts, as herein-before
described.
And, Fourthly. The construction and use of tension bars or rods connected to the
rim of the wheel and the hub and regulated by lock nuts, as herein-before described
and illustrated by Figures 3, 4, and 5 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cousins Garrood, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thou-
sand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JOHN COUSINS GARROOD. (L.S.)

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to JOHN COUSINS GARROOD, of
Fakenham, Norfolk, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
BICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES," bearing date the Sixth day of
October. One thousand eight hundred and seventy six, No. 3875.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION of parts of the
Specification of the said Patent proposed to be entered by the said John Cousins
Garrood.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification of the said Patent I have been
advised that certain parts of my Invention were anticipated by a Patent of earlier
date, and also that there are some slight obscurities and omissions in my Specifica-
tion calculated to mislead.
I, the said John Cousins Garrood, am therefore desirous of limiting the grounds
of my Patent by Disclaiming the third and fourth claims of the Invention, and such
parts of the Specification as relate thereto, and also of remedying the defects arising
from the said obscurities and omissions in the Specification by introducing certain
emendations, and of cancelling the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and filing in
place thereof a new Drawing.
I therefore, for the reasons aforesaid, amend my Specification as follows:-
In the printed copy of the Specification at page 2, lines 12 and 13, I strike out
the words "also forming fork head or socket." At line 16, after the words "breeches
piece," I cancel the word " 'also," and insert the words "such breeches piece
being connected." At line 17, after the word "tubing," I insert the words "and
receiving a plug projecting from the breeches piece." I also strike out the para-
graphs commencing at line 20 and ending at line 31. I also strike out lines 37, 38,
and 39. At line 41, after the reference letters B, B, 1 insert the words "that are ▲
brazed, thereto," and after the word "pass" I strike out the word "through."
I also strike out the paragraph commencing at line 43 and ending at line 46.
rivetted, or welded
fitted,

page_text: At page 3 I strike out the third and fourth claims at lines 5 to 10 inclusive. And
I substitute for the filed Drawing a corrected Drawing in which the complete fork
is shewn, and from which Figures 3, 4, and 5, which relate to the third and fourth
beads of the Invention, are omitted.
The Specification will then read as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the construction of bycicles and other veloci-
pedes consists,
Firstly. Of improvements in the front fork or forks of the front driving wheel or
wheels, which I make of steel, iron, or brass, or other suitable metal tubing, and
which is fitted, rivetted, brazed, or welded to any form of fork head.
Secondly. My Invention relates to the hind fork or forks for the hind wheels,
which I also make of steel, iron, brass, or any other suitable metal tubing, which
is fitted, rivetted, brazed, or welded to the breeches-piece, such breeches-piece being
connected to the backbone in the same manner, the said backbone being of the
usual hollow metal tubing, and receiving a plug projecting from the breeches piece,
thereby making the machine much lighter and stronger than the present bicycles,
and easier for travelling.
And in order that my Invention may be better understood, and more readily
put into operation, I will now proceed to describe the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed.
Figure 1 being a front view of the front fork, part in section and part in eleva-
tion; Figure 2 is a side view of the same, also part in section.
▲
pass
In Figures 1 and 2 A is the breeches piece forming part of front fork head,
fitted, rivetted, or welded
through which the tubes B, B, that are brazed, thereto into the fork head
piece C; through C passes the regulating screw D.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my Inven-
tion, and how the same may be carried into practical operation, I would have
it understood that what I claim and desire to secure by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The construction and use of my improved fork of hollow metal tubing
for front wheel or wheels, as hereinbefore described, and illustrated by Figures 1
and 2 on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and use of my improved fork of hollow metal tubing
applied to hind wheel or wheels of velocipedes, as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, said John Cousins Garrood, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Nineteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.