IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRE- PARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Billington Booth, of Preston, in the County
of Lancaster, one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRE-
PARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS."-—Partly
a communication from abroad by George Draper and William F.
Draper, of Hopedale, in the State of Massachusetts, in the United
States of America.
Scaled the 14th July 1874, and dated the 23rd May 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Billington Booth
at the Office. of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd May 1874.
"
I, JOHN BILLINGTON BOOTH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
one of Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in the spindles, spindle
bolsters, steps, rings, ring holders, and bobbins employed in that class
A

page_text: of machines used for spinning and doubling, in which the twist is
imparted to fibres or threads by means of the device commonly
known as a "ring and traveller," and which improvements are especially
applicable to the arrangement of spindle apparatus described in the
Specification of Letters Patent, No. 737, granted to me on the 18th 5
day of March 1871, although parts of the improvements are applicable
to the spindles and bobbins used in other classes of spinning and
doubling machines, and also to the spindles employed in preparing and
winding machinery.
The objects of this Invention are,-
First. To provide improved means of lubricating the spindles
mounted in bearings or bolsters of similar construction to those
described in the Specification of the Letters Patent herein-before men-
tioned, and also to certain other classes of spindles employed in
machines for preparing, spinning, winding, and doubling. fibrous ]
materials.
. Secondly. To provide improved means of making, securing, and
adjusting the holders and rings employed in ring spinning machines.
And, Thirdly. To provide improved facilities whereby the bobbins
which revolve and are driven by contact with the spindles may be
caused to adhere more firmly to and run more truly balanced on the
spindle.
In the construction of spindle, spindle bolster, and step described in
the aforesaid Specification, one arrangement shews the spindle mounted
on a tube or bolster fitted to, and extending some distance above, the
the bolster rail; the tube at its upper end being provided with a
bushing forming the upper bearing, in which the spindle revolves. The
lower end or foot of the spindle is shewn supported in a suitable step
fitted into the step rail.
In the improved arrangements, the lower end of the tube or bolster,
which is of larger diameter than the upper end, is supported by and
secured to the bolster rail in the usual manner, and is provided with a
collar or flange (recessed or grooved on its upper side to receive oil),
which rests upon the upper surface of the bolster rail. One or more
holes or ducts conduct the oil from the recess or groove into the
interior of the tube. A cover of sheet metal is provided, which rests
1

page_text: upon and surrounds the grooved flange for the purpose of protecting
the oil from dust or fibres. The top of the tube or bolster has a bushing
of brass or other suitable metal forming the upper bearing in which
the spindle revolves; but in the improved arrangements this bushing is
screwed into the interior of the tube, screwing down upon a shoulder
and has one, two, or more longitudinal grooves upon the outside, which
communicate at its lower end by means of holes or transverse slots
with the interior of the tube or bolster, the bore of the latter being
rather larger than the diameter of the spindle. Around, and to some
little distance below the upper end of the bushing or bearing, which is
tapered off towards the spindle, the tube is opened out, so as to form a
space or chamber around the upper end of the bushing or bearing, the
top of which is slightly below the top of the tube, and into which
space or chamber the upper end of the longitudinal grooves com-
municate. In the interior of the bushing or bearing, near its upper
end, there is an annular space or groove, and an internal spiral groove
is carried up from the bottom of the tube or bolster until it enters the
annular space or groove in the upper part of the bushing or bearing.
At the bottom of the bolster, around and concentric with the spindle,
an annular space or groove formed vertically and open at the bottom,
is cut out leaving a tubular projection or shell of metal between the
annular space and the spindle. Affixed to the spindle and revolving
concentrically therewith, I employ a cylindrical oil cup having a rim
or flange projecting inwardly at the top, for the purpose of preventing
the oil from flying out by centrifugal action whilst the spindle is in
motion. This revolving oil cup, when the spindle is in position, is
enclosed and revolves within the annular space or groove at the bottom
of the tube rotating around the tubular projection or shell of
lower end of which will be nearly at the bottom of the cup.
metal, the
When the spindle is in motion oil poured into the grooved flange of
the tube herein-before described will find its way through the holes or
ducts into the interior of the tube, and will be carried up between the
tube and the spindle by means of the spiral groove until it flows over
the top of the bushing or bearing into the space or chamber around
the upper end of the latter, when it will flow down the sides of the
bushing or bearing through the longitudinal grooves into the interior
of the tube to be again carried up as before, forming a constant stream
of oil up the inside and down the outside of the bushing or bearing as
A 2
'

page_text: long as the spindle remains in motion. As soon as the spindle has
stopped the oil will descend into the oil cup, and on the spindle being
again put in motion it will be carried up from the oil cup through the
tube to the top of the bushing or bearing as before.
More than one spiral groove may be employed for conducting the oil
up the interior of the bolster, or the groove or grooves may be formed
upon the spindle, instead of in the bore of the bolster; or they may be
formed in each.
My improvements in spindle steps consist in providing an ordinary
step with a tubular projection which extends upwards and around the
spindle into the warve, which is hollowed out underneath to enclose
and cover its upper end, the lower part of the step being of larger
diameter than the tubular extension, so that the ledge formed by the
difference of the two diameters may be hollowed out to form an oil
reservoir from which are one or more holes communicating with the 1
interior of the step. An annular cap or cover encircles and covers the
oil reservoir. On raising the cover oil may be poured into the oil
reservoir and conducted through the holes or ducts into and upon
the step bearing of the spindle, whilst the latter is in motion.
I have described the arrangement of apparatus for lubricating the 2
bolsters and steps of one class of spindles only, namely, those employed
in ring spinning machines; but it will be evident that the same
arrangement of apparatus may readily be applied to other classes of
spindles revolving in foot steps and in stationary bolsters which have no
vertical motion as regards the spindles revolving within them.
In that class of spindles in which motion is imparted to them by
means of geared wheels, as in preparing or roving frames, I employ the
same construction of step as that already described, and hollow out the
lower side of the spindle pinion which answers the same purpose.as
the warve on a spinning or doubling frame.
2
3
The second part of my Invention relates to the rings and ring holders
and the means of adjusting them to the spindle in the spinning machine
now well known as the "Booth Sawyer" frame (in which machine the
spindles, bolsters, bearings, and steps herein-before referred to are a
special feature), although the same methods of adjustment, which I 3
shall now proceed to describe, are applicable to other ring spinning
machines.

page_text: .
I employ a flanged ring having two similar flanges, instead of one as
heretofore, projecting over the two ends of a short tubular neck or
hoop inwardly and outwardly; thus forming à double ring. When the
double ring is in position one flange carries the traveller, and the other
is made available for securing the ring to the rail by one or other of the
following arrangements of ring holders :-
In one arrangement the holder consists of a flat ring or annulus,
preferably of sheet metal provided with two elongated holes, through
which screws pass for fastening the holder to the rail. The annulus or
ring at its inner edge is sawn or split at four places a sufficient distance
that the metal between two opposite divisions may be turned upward
to an obtuse angle and then curved, so as to form jaws which clasp the
periphery of the lower flange of the ring, leaving between them two
divisions in a horizontal position on which the lower side of the ring
rests.
The forming of the jaws may be effected at one operation by pressing
or stamping the sheet metal with a punching machine, or fly press,
suitable punches and dies being employed for the purpose. The inherent
clasticity of the sheet metal holder will allow of the ring being sprung
into the jaws, and on the former being screwed down to the rail the
ring will be firmly held in position. The elongated holes through
which the screws pass vertically are made large enough to allow of the
ring holder carrying the ring being moved horizontally and adjusted
concentrically with the spindle..
In a second arrangement I make the holder a fixture and the ring
adjustable on the surface of the holder. The holder consists of a metal
socket which enters and fits into the rail, where it is secured by a set
screw. The diameter of the socket at its upper end, which extends. a
little above the rail, is somewhat larger than that of the part below.
From the upper portion of the socket, extending horizontally and
opposite to each other, are two projections, the upper surface of which
stands a little higher than the inner surface of the holder. To each of
these projections a screw is fitted vertically, provided with a lip or
washer so arranged that the edge of the lips or washers nearest the
ring will rest upon the upper side of the lower flange of the double
ring, and on the screws being screwed down the ring will be firmly held
between the lips or washers and the surface of the socket or holder.

page_text: It will be apparent that when the screws and washers are loosed the
ring may be moved on the horizontal surface of the holder until con-
centric with the spindle, where it may be secured by means of the
screws..
In a third arrangement of holder for a double ring the holder consists
of a metal socket, which enters and fits into the ring rail where it is
secured by a set screw. The diameter of the socket at its upper end,
which extends a little above the rail, is somewhat larger than that of
the part below, thereby forming a flange or collar. The interior of the
holder at its upper end is provided with a suitable
groove to receive and
hold firmly the lower flange of the double ring. Through the flange
or collar three or more slits are made, which are continued downwards
some distance through that part of the holder which fits into the rail,
thereby providing such an amount of elasticity to the holder that it
may be expanded or opened out by the application of heat, or by other
convenient means sufficiently to allow of the lower flange of the ring
being pressed into the groove.
It will be evident that the holders I have described as applicable to
the double ring are also available, with slight modifications, for holding
certain forms of a single ring.
The third part of this Invention relates to the bobbins employed. in
those classes of spindles where the bobbins revolve with and are driven
by contact with the spindle. The diameter and proportions of spindles
at the part where the bobbins adhere to them are usually of such small
dimensions as to present insufficient frictional surface to the interior of
the bobbins, whereby the adherence of the latter to the spindle may
be ensured. Moreover, wooden bobbins or tubes of the ordinary con-
struction are apt to warp and become out of balance from changes of
climate and the humidity of the atmosphere.
My improvements consist in presenting a larger frictional surface to
the interior of the tube or bobbin to be employed; this I effect in onc
arrangement by making that portion of the spindle to which the bobbin
adheres of a considerably increased diameter, or the enlargement may
be formed by fitting to the spindle, and securing thereto by friction,
screwing, or other convenient means, one or more cylindrical bushes of
metal or other suitable material, which may be hollowed out in the

page_text: interior for the purpose of diminishing their weight, the enlargement
being so shaped or formed as to receive and hold a light tube of sheet
metal, wood, gutta percha, paper, or other suitable material, constructed
to answer the purpose of a bobbin.
In another arrangement, upon the upper end of the spindle is
mounted a tube of metal or other suitable material, such as gutta
percha, hard rubber, &c., tapered upwards, supported by and secured to
the spindle by screwing, brazing, soldering, or other convenient means,
in the inside, upon two or more light metal discs or bushes, so that the
whole may run concentric with and truly balanced on the spindle. In
the "Booth Sawyer" frame the tube will extend to some distance
below the top of the bolster, around which it revolves in the same
manner as the wooden-bobbins at present used.
"
For wet spinning or doubling the tubes may be made of metal of a
non-corrodible nature, such as brass, tin, &c. Upon the outer surface
of the taper tube is fitted the bobbin, which, in my arrangement,
consists of a thin shell composed of either metal, hard wood, paper,
gutta percha, or hard rubber, and upon which the yarn being spun
or doubled is wound. When a "full bobbin is made the shells or
bobbins carrying the yarn may be lifted off to be replaced by other
shells of corresponding size and form. The tube with its supporting
discs or bushes may be secured to the spindle by friction, screwing, or.
otherwise, so as to allow of its being readily removed from the spindle
when required.
It will be evident that this arrangement of increasing the diameter
of the upper portion of the spindle, or of a tube revolving with tho
spindle, and to which the bobbin is caused to adhere by friction, is
applicable to all classes of spindles used for spinning, doubling, and
winding fibrous materials, on which the bobbin is driven by and at the
same speed as the spindle, being especially applicable to mules using
bobbins, winding and doubling frames, ring spinning, and ring twisting
machines.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Billington Booth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
BILLINGTON BOOTH, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, one of
Her Majesty's Justices of the Peace, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Billington Booth, Her spécial
license, that I, the said John Billington Booth, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Billington Booth,
my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING, SPINNING,
DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS," the result partly of his own
Invention and discovery, and partly a communication made to him from
abroad. by George Draper and William F. Draper, of Hopedale, in the
State of Massachusetts, in the United States of America," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Billington Booth, my
executors.or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and.cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Billington Booth, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-

page_text: to say) :-
"
This Invention relates to improvements in the spindles, spindle
bolsters, steps, rings, ring holders, and bobbins employed in that class of
machines used for spinning and doubling in which the twist is imparted
to fibres or threads by means of the device commonly known as a ring
and traveller," and which improvements are especially applicable to the
arrangement of spindle apparatus described in the Specification of Letters
Patent, No. 737, granted to me on the 18th day of March, 1871,
although parts of the improvements are applicable to the spindles and
bobbins used in other classes of spinning and doubling machines, and
also to the spindles employed in preparing and winding machinery.
The first part of this Invention relates to a peculiar combination,
arrangement, and construction of apparatus whereby improved means
are provided for the lubrication of the bolsters and steps of spindles
mounted in bearings or bolsters of similar construction to those
described in the Specification of Letters Patent herein-before mentioned,
and also of certain other classes of spindles employed in machines for
preparing, spinning, winding, and doubling fibrous materials.
In the construction of spindle, spindle bolster, and step described in
the aforesaid Specification one arrangement shews the spindle mounted
in a tube or bolster fitted to and extending some distance above the
bolster rail, the tube at its upper end being provided with a bushing
forming the upper bearing in which the spindle revolves. The lower
end or foot of the spindle is shown supported in a suitable step fitted
into the step rail.
. In the improved arrangements the lower end of the tube or bolster
which is of larger diameter than the upper end is supported by and
secured to the bolster rail in the usual manner, and is provided with a
collar or flange (recessed or grooved on its upper side to receive oil)
which rests upon the upper surface of the bolster rail. One or more
holes or ducts conduct the oil from the recess or groove into the interior
of the tube. A cover of sheet metal is provided which rests upon and
surrounds the grooved flange for the purpose of protecting the oil from
dust or fibres. The top of the tube or bolster has a bushing of brass or
other suitable metal forming the upper bearing in which the spindle
revolves, but in the improved arrangements this bushing is screwed into

page_text: the interior of the tube, screwing down upon a shoulder, and has one,
two, or more longitudinal grooves upon the outside, which communicate
at its lower end by means of holes or transverse slots with the interior
of the tube or bolster, the bore of the latter being rather larger than
the diameter of the spindle. Around and to some little distance below
the upper end of the bushing or bearing, which is tapered off towards
the spindle, the tube is opened out so as to form a space or chamber
around the upper end of the bushing or bearing, the top of which is
slightly below the top of the tube, and into which space or chamber the
upper end of the longitudinal grooves communicate. In the interior of
the bushing or bearing near its upper end there is an annular space or
groove, and an internal spiral groove is carried up from the bottom of
the tube or bolster until it enters the annular space or groove in the
upper part of the bushing or bearing. At the bottom of the bolster
around and concentric with the spindle an annular space or groove
formed vertically and open at the bottom is cut out, leaving a tubular
projection or shell of metal between the annular space and the spindle.
Affixed to the spindle, and revolving concentrically therewith, I employ
a cylindrical oil cup having a rim or flange projecting inwardly at the
top for the purpose of preventing the oil from flying out by centrifugal
action whilst the spindle is in motion. The upper portion of this
revolving oil cup when the spindle is in position is enclosed and revolves
within the annular space or groove at the bottom of the tube or bolster
rotating around the tubular projection or shell of metal, the lower end of
which will be nearly at the bottom of the cup.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 is a front elevation, and Fig. 2
a transverse section of a spindle mounted in a bolster and step of the
kind employed in the spinning frame known as the "Booth Sawyer,"
and described in the Specification of Letters Patent, No. 737, granted to
me on the 18th day of March, 1871, provided with my improved
apparatus for lubricating the upper and lower bearings of the spindle.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of the spindle with the cylindrical oil cup used
in connexion with my improved bolster, having upon it the bushing or
bearing showing one longitudinal groove and the transverse slot through
which the oil is conducted from above to the interior of the tube or
bolster.
Ti
A
Gone plong of the hushing on bearing showing the arrance.

page_text: ment of the longitudinal grooves when one, two, or four grooves are
employed.
Fig. 7 shews an arrangement of my improved lubricating bolster and
step applied to an ordinary winding spindle, the same arrangement
being applicable to throstle and other spindles used for spinning and
doubling.
Fig. 8 is a transverse section of an arrangement of bolster applicable
to any vertical spindle having no vertical motion relatively to the bolster
within which it revolves, and Fig. 9 is a plan of the same.
a represents the spindle; 6, the tube or bolster supporting the upper
bearing; c, the step or lower bearing; d, the bolster rail into which the
bolster is fixed; e, the step rail into which the step c is fixed; f, the
bushing or upper bearing; g, the recess or groove for oil in the flange
or collar of the bolster b; h, the holes or ducts for conveying the oil
from the recess g to the interior of the bolster; i, the cover for protecting
the oil reservoir from dust or fibres; j, the longitudinal grooves formed
upon the outside of the bushing or bearing; k, the hole or transverse
slót at the bottom of the longitudinal groove j communicating with the
interior of the tube; 1, the space or chamber around the upper end of
the bushing or bearing; m, the annular space or groove in the interior
and near the top of the bushing or bearing; n, the spiral groove formed
in the interior of the bolster communicating with the annular space or
groove m; o, the annular space or groove formed vertically at the lower
end of the bolster; p, the tubular projection or shell of metal left
between the annular space and the spindle; q, the cylindrical oil cup
affixed to the spindle having a rim or flange projecting inwardly at
the top for the purpose of preventing the oil from flying out by cen-
trifugal action when the spindle is revolving.
The action of the apparatus is as follows-When the spindle is in
motion, oil poured into the recess 9 of the tube 6 will find its way
through the holes or ducts into the interior of the tube and will be
carried up between the tube and the spindle a by means of the spiral
groove n until it flows over the top of the bushing or bearing f into the
space or chamber 1, when it will flow down the sides of the bushing or
bearing through the longitudinal grooves j and the hole or transverso
slot into the interior of the tube or bolster to be again carried up as
before, forming a constant stream of oil up the inside and down the outside

page_text: of the bushing or bearing so long as the spindle remains in motion. As
soon as the spindle is stopped the oil will descend by way of the spiral
groove n into the oil cup 2, and when the spindle is again put in motion
it will be carried up from the oil cup through the tube to the top of the
bushing or bearing as before..
More than one spiral groove may be employed for conducting the oil
up the interior of the bolster, or the groove or grooves may be formed
upon the spindle instead of in the bore of the bolster, or they may be.
formed in each.
My improvements in spindle steps consist in providing an ordinary
step with a tubular projection which extends upwards and around the
spindle into the warve which is hollowed out underneath to enclose and
cover its upper end, the lower part of the step which forms a collar
resting upon the surface of the step rail being of larger diameter than
the tubular extension, so that the ledge formed by the difference of the
two diameters may be hollowed out to form an oil reservoir, from which
are one or more holes communicating with the interior of the step. An
annular cap or cover encircles and covers the oil reservoir. On raising
the cover oil may be poured into the oil reservoir and conducted through
the holes or ducts into and upon the step bearing of the spindle whilst
the latter is in motion.
I have described the arrangement of apparatus for lubricating the
bolsters and steps of one class of spindles only, namely, those employed
in ring spinning machines, but it will be evident that the same arrange-
ment of apparatus may readily be applied to other classes of spindles
revolving in footsteps and in stationary bolsters which have no vertical
motion as regards the spindles revolving within them.
. In that class of spindles in which motion is imparted to them by
means of geared wheels, as in preparing or roving frames, I employ the
same construction of step, as that already described, and hollow out the
lower side of the spindle pinion, which answers the same purpose as the
warve on a spinning or doubling frame.
In Figs. 1, 2, 7, and 10, c represents the step; s, the tubular projection;
t, the warve; u, the oil reservoir; w, w, the holes communicating with
thic interior of the step; x, the annular cap or cover for protecting the
oil reservoir u from dust or fibres. On raising the cover x oil may bo

page_text: poured into the oil reservoir & and will be conducted through the holes
or ducts w into and upon the step bearing of the spindle.
In the arrangement of bolster shewn in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, it will, be
seen that instead of constructing the bolster and the bearing in two
pieces I make it of one, in the form shewn in the Drawing, the vertical
holes j, j, and the horizontal holes' k, k, answering the same purpose as
the longitudinal grooves and transverse slots herein-before described and
shewn in Fig. 2 and 3.
.
Fig. 10 is a transverse section showing an arrangement of my
improved footstep applicable to the spindles of preparing or roving
frames.
a represents the spindle; t, the spindle pinion; c, the step; s, the
tubular projection which extends upwards and around. the spindle into
the pinion which is hollowed out underneath to enclose and cover its
upper end; u, the oil reservoir; x, the annular cap or cover; and w the
holes or ducts through which the oil is conveyed from the reservoir u
to the interior of the step.
The second part of this Invention relates to the rings and ring holders
and the means of adjusting them to the spindle in the spinning machine
now well known as the "Booth Sawyer" frame (in. which machine the
spindles, bolsters, bearings, and steps herein-before referred to are a
special feature), although the same methods of adjustment, which I
shall now proceed to describe, are applicable to other ring spinning
machines.
I employ a flanged ring having two similar flanges instead of one, as
heretofore, projecting over the two ends of a short tubular neck or hoop
inwardly and outwardly, thus forming a double ring.
:
Fig. 11 is an elevation; Fig. 12, a section; and Fig. 13, a plan of a
double ring. When the double ring is in position onc flange carries the
traveller and the other is made available for securing the ring to the
rail by one or other of the following arrangements of ring holders :-
In one arrangement the holder consists of a flat ring or annulus,
preferably of sheet metal, provided with two elongated holes through
which screws pass for fastening the holder to the rail. The annulus or
ring at its inner edge is sawn or split at four places a sufficient distanco
that the metal between two opposite divisions may be turned upward to.

page_text: -
an obtuse angle and then curved so as to form jaws which clasp the
periphery of the lower flange of the ring, leaving between them two
divisions in a horizontal position on which the lower side of the ring
rests..
The forming of the jaws may be effected at one operation by pressing
or stamping the sheet metal with a punching machine or fly press,
suitable punches and dies being employed for the purpose. The inherent
elasticity of the sheet metal holder will allow of the ring being sprung
into the jaws, and on the former being screwed down to the rail the ring
will be firmly held in position. The elongated holes through which the
screws pass vertically are made large enough to allow of the ring holder
carrying the ring being moved horizontally and adjusted concentrically
with the spindle.
Fig. 14 is an elevation; Fig. 15, a section; and Fig. 16, a plan of the
sheet metal holder for a double ring; Fig. 15 also shews the double ring
when in its position on the holder.
a represents the flat ring or annulus; b, b, the elongated holes
through which screws c, c, pass for fastening the holder to the rail;
d, d, the jaws between which the lower flange of the ring is held;
e, e, the two divisions in a horizontal position on which the lower side of
the double ring rests.
In a second arrangement I make the holder a fixture and the ring
adjustable on the surface of the holder. The holder consists of a metal
socket which enters and fits into the rail where it is secured by a set
screw. The diameter of the socket at its upper end, which extends a
little above the rail, is somewhat larger than that of the part below.
From the upper portion of the socket extending horizontally and
opposite to each other are two projections, the upper surface of which
stands a little higher than the inner surface of the holder. To each of
these projections a screw is fitted vertically, provided with a lip or
washer so arranged that the edge of the lips or washers nearest the ring
will rest upon the upper side of the lower flange of the double ring, and
on the screws being screwed down the ring will be held firmly between
the lips or washers and the surface of the socket or holder.
Fig. 17 is an elevation; Fig. 18, a section; and Fig. 19, a plan of:
the metal socket or holder; Fig. 18 also shews the double ring when in
position on the holder. a represents the metal socket which fits into
•

page_text: the ring rail; b, b, the two projections extending liorizontally from the
upper portion of the holder; c, c, the screws; and d; d, the lips or
washers for fastening down the ring on the surface of the holder.
It will be apparent that when the screws or washers are loosed the
ring may be moved on the horizontal surface of the holder until con-
centric with the spindle, where it may be secured by means of the
screws.
In a third arrangement of holder for a double ring the holder consists
of a metal socket, preferably of cast iron, which enters and fits into the
ring rail where it is secured by a set screw. The diameter of the socket
at its upper end, which extends a little above the rail, is somewhat
larger than that of the part below, thereby forming a flange or collar.'"
The interior of the holder at its upper end is provided with a suitablo
groove to receive and hold firmly the lower flange of the double ring.
Through the flange or collar three or more slits are made which are
continued downwards some distance through that part of the holder
which fits into the rail, thereby providing such an amount of clasticity
to the holder that it may be expanded or opened out by the application
of heat or by other convenient means sufficiently to allow of the lower
flange of the ring being pressed into the groove.
Fig. 20 is an elevation; Fig. 21, a section; and Fig. 22, a plan of
the grooved metal holder for a double ring; Fig. 21 also shews the
double ring when in position on the holder: a represents the socket of
the holder which fits into the ring rail; b, the flange or collar at the upper
end of the holder; c, the groove which clasps the lower flange of the
ring; d, d, d, three slits sawn partly through the holder to give it the
requisite clasticity.
It will be evident that the holders I have described as applicable to
the double ring are also available with slight modifications for holding
certain forms of a single rim.
Fig. 23 shows the sheet metal holder similar to the onc shewn in
Figs. 14, 15, and 16, arranged to hold a single ring as ordinarily con-
structed. The hole in the ring rail is opened out sufficiently to allow of
the socket of the ring being moved sideways, thereby affording a means
of adjusting the ring concentrically with the spindle.
Fig. 23 a shews a method by which a single ring may be made
adjustable to the spindle by means of the arrangement for holding the

page_text: ring shewn in Figs. 17, 18. and 19. As in Fig. 23 the hole in the ring
rail is of sufficiently large diameter to allow of the socket of a single
ring being moved sideways.
Another plan whereby ring holders and single rings provided with
sockets which fit into the ring rail may be made adjustable to the
spindle consists in an arrangement of three set screws fitted in a radial
direction to a common centre which is also the centre of the hole in the
ring rail into which the ring socket fits. The points of the set screws
respectively are made to bear upon the outer surface of the socket of
the ring or holder, the hole in the ring rail being sufficiently large as to
allow of the ring or holder being moved sideways and thereby adjusted
concentrically with the spindle.
The third part of this Invention relates to the bobbins employed in
those classes of spindles where the bobbins revolve with and are driven
by contact with the spindle. The diameter and proportions of spindles
at the part where the bobbins adhere to them are usually of such small
dimensions as to present insufficient frictional surface to the interior of
the bobbins, whereby the adherence of the latter to the spindle may be
insured. Moreover wooden bobbins or tubes of the ordinary construction
are apt to warp and become out of balance from changes of climate and
the humidity of the atmosphere.
My improvements consist in presenting a larger frictional surface to
the interior of the tube or bobbin to be employed. This I effect in one
arrangement by making that portion of the spindle to which the bobbin
ádheres of a considerably increased diameter, or the enlargement may 2
be formed by fitting to the spindle and securing thereto by friction,
screwing, or other convenient means, one or more cylindrical bushes of
metal or other suitable material, which may be hollowed out in the
interior for the purpose of diminishing the weight, the enlargement
being so shaped or formed as to receive and hold a light tube of sheet
metal, wood, gutta percha, paper, or other suitable material constructed
to answer the purpose of a bobbin.
Fig. 24 shews an arrangement whereby the enlargement of that part
of the spindle whereon the bobbin adheres is effected by means of one
cylindrical bush hollowed out to reduce the weight and affixed to the
spindle by friction; a represents the spindle; b the bush; and c the
light tube made to answer the purpose of a bobbin.
:

page_text: In Fig. 25 the enlargement is shewn as effected by means of two
bushes of similar construction to that shewn in Fig. 24, one affixed to
the spindle by friction and the other by means of a screw thread; and
in Fig. 26 another arrangement is shewn, the increased frictional surface
being afforded by several bushes or discs, which are shewn in the
Drawing as of various forms.
Figs. 27, 28, and 29, are a section, elevation, and plan respectively
of the light tube of sheet metal, wood, gutta percha, paper, or tho
material known in trade as "
papier maché," designed to answer the
purpose of a bobbin.
In another arrangement upon the upper end of the spindle is mounted
a tube of metal or other suitable material, such as gutta percha, hard
rubber, &c., tapered upwards, supported by and secured to the spindle by
screwing, brazing, soldering, or other convenient means in the inside
upon two or more light metal discs or bushes, so that the whole may
run concentric with and truly balanced on the spindle. In the "Booth
Sawyer" frame the tube will extend to some distance below the top
of the bolster, around which it revolves in the same manner as the
wooden bobbins at present used.
For web spinning or doubling the tubes may be made of metal of a
non-corrodible nature, such as brass, tin, &c. Upon the outer surface
of the taper tube is fitted the bobbin, which in my arrangement consists
of a thin shell composed of either metal, hard wood, paper, gutta percha,
or hard rubber, and upon which the yarn being spun or doubled is
wound. When a "full bobbin " is made the shells or bobbins carrying
the yarn may be lifted off to be replaced by other shells of corresponding
size and form.
Fig. 31 is an clevation of the "Booth Sawyer" bolster and the upper
portion of the spindle, with the arrangement in section of a tube of
metal or other suitable material extending some distance below the top
of the bolster, supported by and secured to the spindle by means of two
light metal discs; a represents the spindle; b, b, the light metal discs;
c, the tapered metal tube, supported upon and affixed to the discs b, b;
and c', the tube or bobbin. The tube or bobbins with its supporting discs
or bushes may be so secured to the spindle by friction, screwing, or other-
wise, as to allow of its being readily removed from the spindle when.
required. By inserting in the interior of the disc a flexible sleeve or tube
R

page_text: of india-rubber or other elastic material increased adhesiveness will be
obtained, as between the discs or bushes and the spindle, such a sleeve
or tube of flexible material being also adaptable to bobbins provided
with two or more bushes as ordinarily constructed.
:
Fig. 30 shews the arrangement of the flexible tube employed in the
manner described; a, the spindle; b, the bobbin; c, the bushes; d, the
flexible sleeve or tube.
It will be evident that this arrangement of increasing the diameter
of the upper portion of the spindle, or of a tube revolving with a spindle,
and to which the bobbin is caused to adhere by friction, is applicable to
all classes of spindles used for spinning, doubling, and winding fibrous
materials, on which the bobbin is driven by and at the same speed as the
spindle, being especially applicable to mules using bobbins, winding and
doubling frames, ring spinning, and ring twisting machines.
.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed or carried into practical effect, I do
not limit myself to the precise details illustrated in the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, as they may evidently be modified to suit circum-
stances without departing from the distinctive character of the said
Invention. Furthermore I hereby declare that I do not claim as of my
Invention, or the exclusive use of the several mechanical parts herein-
before described or referred to, except when the same are used in and
for the purposes of my said Invention; but what I consider to be novel'
and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is as follows, that is to
say :-
As regards the first part of the said Invention relating to improve-
ments in the lubrication of the upper and lower bearings of spindles I
claim,―
'
First. In a spindle bolster or upper bearing, whether formed in one
piece of metal or composed of two or more parts, the arrangement of a
spiral groove or grooves in the interior of the bolster in combination
with a longitudinal groove or hole or grooves or holes communicating at
the upper end with a chamber formed in the upper portion of the bolster
and at the lower end with the interior of the tube or bolster, substantially

page_text: Secondly. The combination of an oil cup fixed to and revolving with
the spindle, and having a rim or flange projecting inwardly at the top
with a bolster or upper bearing, having at its lower end an annular
space or groove, within which the oil cup rotates or revolves, and a
tubular projection extending downwards into the said oil cup, substan-
tially as and for the purpose above described.
Thirdly. The use or employment of a spindle step having a tubular
projection extending into the warve, and provided with an oil reservoir
formed upon its outside, substantially as and for the purpose above
described..
Fourthly. The use or employment of an oil reservoir formed upon the
outside of a spindle bolster or step, and having one or more holes for
conducting the oil to the interior of the spindle bearings in conjunction
with a protecting cover made of sheet metal, substantially as above
described for the purposes specified.
As regards the second part of the said Invention relating to improved
methods of holding rings and adjusting their position to the spindles
I claim,―
First. The use or employment of a sheet metal holder having jaws
turned upwards so that the periphery of the flange of a ring may be
clasped between them, the holes in the said holder through which the
fastening down screws pass being enlarged or elongated to allow of the
holder being moved sideways, substantially as above described.
Secondly. The use or employment of a holder consisting of a socket
fitting a hole in the ring rail so formed that a ring may be moved side-
ways on the surface of the holder, and provided with lips or washers for
the purpose of fastening down the ring to the holder, substantially as
described.
Thirdly. The use or employment for holding or clasping a double ring
of a metal socket formed with an internal groove at its upper end, and
sawn or slit for the purpose of imparting elasticity, substantially as above
described.
As regards the third part of the said Invention, which relates to
bobbins or tubes driven by contact with the spindle, and revolving there-

page_text: First. The method of increasing the frictional surface of that portion
of a spindle whereon the bobbin usually sits or is held by the adaptation
and use of a cylindrical disc or bush or discs or bushes in the manner
above described and for the purposes specified.
Secondly. In connection with spindles of the class having the upper
bearing within the bobbin the use or employment of a tube supported
upon discs, and extending to some distance below the top of the bolster
or upper bearing for the purpose of receiving and holding a bobbin or
tube upon its outer surface, substantially as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Billington Booth, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
J. BILLINGTON BOOTH. (L.S.)