Improvements in Artificial Glue and Size, and in Compounds for Use in the Manufacture of Coated or Glazed Papers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1899-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1899
Improvements in Artificial Glue and Size, and in Compounds for Use
in the Manufacture of Coated or Glazed Papers.
I, THOMAS ALFRED HAYNES, of 501, Newark Street, Hoboken, in the County
of Hudson, and State of New Jersey, United States of America, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:
My invention relates to the production of a glue or size from skimmed milk
as hereinafter described, and its incorporation with color to form a stain.
I am aware that many attempts have been made to produce a glue from
skimmed milk, but none of such products have been soluble in water. The
process which I have invented is entirely distinct from these, in that the com-
bination of chemicals I use are used in such a manner as to react on one another
and neutralize the natural effect of the lactic acid in the milk and thus a per-
manent material is produced.
I take any given quantity of skimmed milk and heat it to about 170° Fahren-
heit and thus allow the lactic acid to generate so that the milk in some hours
becomes thick I cut the liver like mass into very small pieces by means of a
cheese knife whereupon the caseine in said pieces will form a hydrate. The
liquid is then drawn off and the solids pressed as free from water as possible. I
previously have taken a sample of the milk and analyzed it to find the quantity
of sugar it contains and from the result obtained, I can estimate the amount
of acid that will utimately be generated in the solid hydrate.
In place of causing a hydrate by allowing the lactic acid to develope as
described, when time is of special value, I sometimes cause the hydrate by the
employment of rennet or sulphuric or other acids; but when acid is used I am
obliged to thoroughly wash the resultant hydrate to free it from all trace of
acidity.
Having produced the hydrate, I place it in a wooden trough, the same as is
used by bakers, and knead into it, a certain quantity of bicarbonate of soda and
also a small quantity of borax. The action of these alkalis will cause the
hydrate to rise. I then work it over again and allow it to rest, and repeat the
operation until the mass has all become slightly sticky and glutinous. This
will be accomplished in about two hours. I then put the mass into a clean
jacketted kettle fitted with agitaters revolving slowly. I now slowly apply heat
until at about 170° F. when the mass will have become liquid but very frothy;
I lower the heat now, as quickly as possible to about 120° Fahrenheit when
most of the froth will have disappeared. I again raise the heat to about 170° F.
and if action of the sodas is not completed, froth will again appear. If so I
lower the heat as before and again raise it. I continue this heating and cooling
until all the gas generated has worked off and the mass is a clear milky liquid.
I once more reduce the heat to about 140 and add a small quantity of oil of
sassafras or other essential oil. When this is well mixed the manufacture is
completed and the whole can be drawn off either into barrels, where it will set
into a thick stiff pasty mass, or it can be drawn off on to plates and dried hard
free from moisture.
The quantities of soda and borax used depend upon the amount of sugar in
the milk, but I find that ordinarily I get good results by the use of 1-2 oz. soda

page_text: bicarbonate and 1-4 oz. of borax to every 8 lbs. of skimmed milk operated
upon. About 6 pounds of oil of sassafras is used to every ton of finished product
made.
The product I thus produce is new in that is dissolves when dry and hard in
hot water, such result never having been before obtained, and also from the
fact that when made into a size it will not throw a deposit but will remain a true
and clear solution.
When I desire to use the said product as a tub-size for paper making I add
to the product dissolved in water a small quantity of silicate of soda or soda ash
in solution, in about the proportions of 1-8 oz. of ordinary commercial liquid
silicate of soda to every pound of solid product used in making the size, the
result of this addition of silicate of soda or soda ash to the size is to render it
less liable to be curdled by alum, as without its use the alum in the paper is sure
to break up the size, causing a deposit and rendering it useless.
In order to provide a smooth finish to paper without incurring the necessity
of subjecting it to the usual calendering process, I add to my aforesaid milk size
a proportion of wax, preferably employing parafine wax and adding from one
to two ounces thereof to every pound of milk size.
Furthermore I provide for the admixture with my aforesaid milk size of color
to form a stain to be used in the manufacture of coated or glazed papers, and
since the simple admixture of said element is unsatisfactory because it sometimes
results in a curdled mass that will not flow, I find it necessary first to treat the
color by adding thereto a certain quantity of borax or other alkali in solution.
The quantity of borax or other alkali which I employ depends entirely upon the
amount of acidity in the color, but ordinarily I have found that a quarter of an
ounce of borax or its equivalent added to each pound of color will afford the
necessary re-action. When the aforesaid alkaline re-action has been obtained,
my next step is to add to the color thus treated, a sufficient quantity of milk
glue or size, said sufficient quantity of the latter element being determined by
the requisite consistency of the compound-that is to say-the resulting mass
should work freely and flow evenly.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The herein described process of making glue or size which consists in the
following steps: generating lactic acid in milk, forming a hydrate therefrom,
expressing the liquids from the solids of the hydrate adding an alkali to the
hydrate and kneading and working the same, and finally successively varying the
temperature until all the gas has worked off.
2. The herein described process of making glue or size which consists in the
following steps:-generating lactic acid in milk, allowing it to stand until
thick, cutting the mass in small pieces whereby the caseine will form a hydrate,
adding an alkali to the hydrate and kneading and working the same, and finally
successively varying the temperature until all the gas has worked off.
3. A new product being glue or size made from milk in combination with a
proportion of wax incorporated therewith substantially as set forth.
4. The treatment of color with borax or other alkali to give it an alkaline
reaction, and the subsequent admixture with said treated color of a sufficient
quantity of artificial size made in accordance with the preceding claims to form
a freely flowing compound, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 7th dow of Wh1000