Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 11th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 13th Jan., 1888
Engineer, do nereby declare the nature of this invention, to be as follows:-
This invention relates principally to such motors as are driven by the explosion of
gas formed from coal or petroleum or other hydrocarbon.
The improvement consists in arranging two working pistons to act together on a
common crank as hereinafter set forth, and in the means for controlling, feeding and
generating gas or explosive mixture applicable to the above twin cylinder engine or to
one-cylinder engines.
The two cylinders are alligned with the centre of the crank shaft and their pistons
operate on a coinmon crank.
The ignition is effected at the dead point of each of these pistons and will therefore
not occur simultaneously in each cylinder.
It is known, that with motors, that work with powerful explosive mixture and have
a long feed channel, a shock is produced by the ignition, for the removal of which
shock conical, gradually widening, introduction channels are employed.
In the present construction a peculiar shape is produced by the combination of the
inlet port with the outlet port, by which shape a powerful explosive mixture may be
consumed without perceptible shock, although an overpressure of 18 atmospheres is
produced. In order to produce such a high pressure in a gas motor, a very intimate
mixture of the gases is an essential condition. This mixture is attained by the
following arrangement.
gas
The mixing valve is automatic and is held on its seat by a weak spring. The air
flows through a pipe into a chamber provided with perforations of desired size, the
through a cock first into a cylindrical chamber and thence through pipes or bores
to the valve, the said pipes bearing a certain proportion to the above mentioned
perforations. This construction of the mixing valve however does not suffice for pro-
ducing the above described tension or overpressure. This is produced by the interstice
between the valve cone and valve box being so proportioned that by the suction of the
piston the valve is kept open and does not touch its seat, whereby a uniform mixture
arrives in the cylinder.
The above described mixing valve, of which one is required for each cylinder, may
be arranged in a common box, both valves being automatic.

page_text: A rod controlled by two springs is raised or lowered by the governor according to
the velocity of the motor, this rod is in connection with an angle lever and the latter
with a horizontal rod provided at its ends with leaf springs which embrace friction
pulleys displaceable longitudinally on pivots attached to the valve rods.
To change the velocity of the motor a screw ring is arranged for adjusting the
position of the rod controlled by the governor. By turning the screw ring downward
the lower spring exerts a certain pressure on the rod, while at the same time the upper
spring loses pressure which it exerted contrarily on the rod; thus the weight of the
governor is increased therefore the motor will have a correspondingly quicker move-
ment. By turning the screw ring upwards, the two springs act inversely; by the
use of a lower and upper spring therefore a double effect is produced.
The friction pulleys above mentioned, are so controlled by the rising and
falling of the governor as to be shifted on their pivots and so brought under the
influence of certain cams by which the valve rods are operated and the inlet and outlet
of gases controlled.
When the pulley runs on one of the said cams the combustion products of the
whole length of the stroke are expelled when the pistons recede, and when the pistons
ascend explosive mixture is sucked in on the whole length. When the regulator is
raised, the pulley arrives on the second cam the opening of the valves being effected
in the same position of the piston; the closing of the same however taking place at
of the downward stroke. Therefore for of the piston movement the combus-
tion gases are left in the cylinder, said gases being compressed and subsequently
expanded again to that position of the pistons, at which the compression has com-
menced, new gas mixture is then sucked in. The third cam serves to open the valve
again on the same position of the pistons, about 0.8 of the out stroke, while it is
closed again at the dead point (upward stroke) and remains closed with the whole
back-stroke of the pistons, whereby the gases are compressed with the back-stroke,
with the upward stroke however they expand again, without fresh gas mixture being
sucked in and an explosion taking place.
The igniting valve is constructed as follows:
A hollow igniting valve slides vertically in a casing. Below the igniting valve
is arranged the device required for the regulation or feeding of the igniting flame
and for the production of an igniting flame from compressed gas. In the hollow
valve slides a core. This core closes first when descending the hollow valve and then
depresses the latter. The valve is pressed upward on its seat by a spring. The
working is successively as follows: From the casing combustible gas flows, through a
small hole into the hollow space of the valve where the gas is ignited by a continuously
burning flame. The flame in the hollow space is fed until the core closes the hollow
space and presses the valve downward so as to open communication between the
interior of the valve and the cylinder by which means the gas in the latter is inflamed.
The valve with the core remains pressed down or closed, during the period of com-
bustion as well as during the exhaust and suction period. If the improved mixing
valve, outlet valve and igniting valve are to be employed on a single cylinder engine
or other engine in which perfect uniformity of action is not required and the work is
to be economically performed. The outlet valve and the mixing valve should be so
arranged that when the speed of the motor exceeds the normal and the governor
consequently rises, a rod controlled by the latter may rise therewith and cause the
outlet valve to be held open and the mixing valve closed so that entrance of explosive
mixture into the cylinder ceases until the normal speed is attained and the governor
and rod consequently arrive in their former position when the said valves or their
controlling mechanism are released and the engine continues its function.
The chamber serving for the admission of explosive mixture ignition and outlet of
the consumed gases is made as wide as possible and conical towards the cylinder, so that
the mixture is consumed quietly. The exhaust valve is also so placed that over-
heating of the igniting and mixing valve is avoided as the consumed gases when
exhausted, still possess about, 400 to 500° Centigrade of heat.

page_text: To allow this motor to be driven by petroleum I have devised the following
construction.
In a suitable receptacle a float is arranged consisting of a thick cork plate a felt
layer of the same and a cover plate of iron so connected to the felt as to form between
it and the felt a number of perforations or channels. The cover plate is so displace-
able in the upper part of the receptacle as to cause the air entering into the upper part
of the receptacle to pass down through tubes into or under the said cover plate and
through the channels or perforations in the latter over the felt plate and thus become
saturated with the vapour of the oil from the latter. The effect is therefore the same
with high as well as with low level of the oil.
Or a suitable vessel may be used, containing an upper and lower compartment
with a pipe passing from the bottom of the upper compartment down into the lower
and terminating at a suitable level therein. The pipe is closed by a valve which is
held upward against its seat by a spring. The upper compartment of the vessel is
filled with oil, which passes into the lower compartment until it reaches the lower rim
of the valve tube when the pressure is equalized in the two compartments and the
valve closes automatically. Into the lower receptacle is laid a felt plate on which is
fastened a sieve like plate, the air is compelled to pass through the sieve into a
peculiarly shaped receiver by which it passes into the cylinder of the engine in the
usual manner.
Tatal : neth J
1007

page_text: I, GERHARD ADAM of Munich, in the Regency of Bavaria, Empire of Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates principally to such motors or engines as are driven by the
explosion of gas formed from coal or petroleum or other hydrocarbon and the
improvement relates to changing an engine working in four measures into one
working in two measures, by arranging two working pistons to act together on a
common crank in the combination and arrangement of which a special construction
of feed and regulation is employed, also in the construction of a one cylinder
engine with its regulation for the driving of which fluid oil or hydrocarbons can
be employed.
As shown in Fig. I of the accompanying drawings, which is a section in the plane
of the axes of the cylinders, the two cylinders 1 and 2 are so arranged that their axes
are alligned perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crank shaft.-1a and 2 a are
pistons or plungers in the cylinders 1 and 2 respectively. The pitman of the
piston 2 a is connected about the crank wrist in the usual manner, and the pitman of
the piston 1a is connected to that of the piston 2 a, somewhat lower than the crank
wrist and preferably so that at a position of the stroke the crank shaft axis, crank
wrist centre and pitman connecting joint centre aforesaid may be alligned with the
axis of the cylinder 1 at the lower dead point of the piston 1 a of said cylinder. By
this arrangement the movement of the pistons 1. a and 2 a is unequal. The ignition of
the explosive gas previously introduced into the cylinders, is effected at the dead point
of cach; the piston 1 a arrives in this position after the piston 2 a has already ascended
from the position shown by dotted line 3 Fig. 1.
Fig. II is a section showing the inlet and outlet parts of the cylinders.
It is known that with motors that work with powerful explosive mixture and have a
long feed channel, a shock is produced by the ignition, for the removal of which shock,
conical gradually widening introduction channels are employed. In the present con-
struction a peculiar shape is produced as shown by the combination of the inlet port
with the outlet port, by which shape a powerful explosive mixture may be consuined
without a perceptible shock, although an overpressure of 18 atmospheres is produced.-
In order to produce such a high pressure in a gas-motor a very intimate mixture
of the gases is an essential condition. This mixture is attained by the following
arrangement:
The mixing valve shown in Fig. III is automatic and is held upon its seat by a
feeble spring 7. The air enters through a pipe S to the perforations 9. The gas
enters through cock 10 to cylindrical chamber 11, thence to bores 12, the said bores
bearing the desired proportion to the perforations 9 beforementioned.
This con-
struction would not alone suffice to deliver a uniform mixture as above described; the

page_text: mixture is produced by the smallness of the interstice 13 between the valve cone and
the valve chamber wall so that during the suction of the piston the valve is held open
without flutter and the mixture passing the narrow interstice 13 without impediment
is uniformly and intimately mixed before its arrival in the cylinder.
Fig. IV illustrates the arrangement of the valves and regulators and the con-
struction of the valve in cross section.
The abovedescribed mixing valve, of which one is required for each cylinder, may
be arranged in a common box, the construction of which is shown by the drawing,
both valves being automatic.
Fig. V shows the regulating devices on an enlarged scale.
The rod 17, controlled by two springs 24 and 25 is raised or lowered by the governor
according to the velocity of the motor; this rod is in connection with the angle
lever 18 and the latter with the horizontal rod 19 the rod 19 is provided at its ends
with leaf springs 20 Fig. VI, which embrace the pulleys 21. These are displaceable
longitudinally on pivots 22 attached to the valve rods 22ª.
To change the velocity of the motor, a screw ring 23 is arranged for adjusting the
position of the rod 17 controlled by the governor. By turning the screw-ring down-
ward, the spring 24 exerts a certain pressure on the rod, while at the same time the
upper spring 25 loses pressure which it exerted contrarily on the rod; thus the weight
of the governor is increased; therefore the motor will have a correspondingly quicker
movement. By turning the screw ring upwards, the two springs act inversely.
In place of the rod 19 displaceable in bearings and parts operating the same the device
shown in Fig. VII may be employed; the latter operating with less friction than the
former. The leaf springs aforesaid are arranged upon rods 63, slung at their outer
ends on rods pivoted to the frame of the engine, and at their inner ends to angle levers
also pivoted to the frame of the engine, the free ends of the said angle levers being
connected as shown, to the rod 2 moved by the governor; b, Fig. VII represent
fixed pivots. It will thus be seen that by depressing the rod 62, the rods 6³ are thrust
outward, and by raising the rod 6 the rods 63 are drawn inward.
This latter device is more applicable to the engine if the same be for use for driving
a dynamo-electric or other machine requiring constant uniformity of velocity with
varying load.
The cams with which each disc 21 is brought in contact, are shown in Fig. VIII.
When the disc 21 runs on the cam 26, the products of combustion of the whole length
of the stroke are expelled while the pistons recede, explosive mixture being sucked in,
during the same length when the pistons rise.-When the governor is raised, the
disc 21 arrives on the second cam 27; the opening of the valves is effected in the
same position of the pistons, but the closing of the same takes place at 3 (two thirds)
of the downward stroke, therefore for one third of the piston movement the products
of combustion are left in the cylinder, said gases being compressed and subsequently
expanded again to that position of the piston, at which such compression commenced';
new gas mixture is then sucked in. The third cam serves to open the valve on the
same position of the piston, about 0.8 of the out stroke, while it is closed again at
the dead point (upward stroke) and remains closed during the whole back stroke of
the piston, so that the gases are compressed with the back stroke; while during the
upward stroke, they expand again, without fresh gas mixture being sucked in and an
explosion taking place. Instead of three, also more gradations of cams may be
employed.
The igniting valve, Fig. IX is constructed as follows:
The igniting valve 53 preferably of cast iron is hollow and slides vertically in the
cast iron casing 54. Below the igniting valve is arranged the device required for the
regulation or feeding of the igniting Hame and for the production of an igniting
flame from the compressed gas. In the hollow valve slides the core 55, moved by the
regulating rod 56 and crank 25°. This core when descending first closes the hollow
valve 53, and then depresses the latter. The valve is pressed upward on its seat by a
spring 57 Fig. 1V. The working is successively as follows: From the casing, com-
bustible gas flows, when the mixture is compressed, through the little hole to the

page_text: recess 49, round the valve recess 49 and passes from the perforations 50 into the
hollow space 51 of the valve, where the gas is ignited by a continuously burning
flame 52. The flame in the hollow space is fed, until the core 55 closes the hollow
space 51 in which the flame is enclosed and at once presses down the valve proper 53,
until the passages 50 of the valve come in contact with the compressed gas of the
chamber 6, which is thereby ignited, and the whole charge in the cylinder thus
exploded. The valve with the core remains pressed down or closed during the period
of combustion as well as during the exhaust and suction period.
If the improved mixing valve, outlet valve and igniting valve are to be employed
on a single cylinder engine or other engine, in which perfect uniformity of action is
not required and the work is to be economically performed, the outlet valve and the
mixing valve should be so arranged that when the speed of the motor exceeds the
normal and the governor consequently rises, a rod controlled by the latter may rise
therewith and cause the outlet valve to be held open and the mixing valve closed so
that the entrance of explosive mixture into the cylinder ceases until the normal speed
is attained, and the governor and rod consequently arrive in their former position
when the said valves or their controlling mechanism are released and the engine
continues its function.
Figs. X, XI, and XIII, show this construction as applied to a one cylinder motor;
here the three valves are employed in almost the same construction as that of the twin
motor, but they are differently arranged. The mixing valve is placed under the
igniting valve; the valve casing 60 is fastened by a nut 61 onto the surface 62.
Below, on the guide rod of the mixing valve is arranged a nut 63, on which presses
the leaf spring 63", when the exhaust valve is opened. When the exhaust valve is
closed, a space is left between the nut 63 and leaf spring 63 for the purpose of giving
free play to the mixing valve, when sucking in the gas mixture and not impairing it
in its action.
The cam 69 effects the escape of the products of combustion during a whole return
stroke of the pistons through disc 70, rod 68 and arm 72 bearing on the exhaust
valve 72. When with the quicker travel of the motor the regulator is raised, the
rod 65 is thereby also raised and with it the pawl 66 which then catches over the
peg 67. During this period, the valve 72" is kept open and the mixing valve tightly
closed, until the normal velocity is again attained; the pawl then falls off the pog, the
valves again continue their usual function. To allow the pawl to be independent of
the descent of the governor, the pin 71 has a certain play in its socket; it can there- a
fore only release the pawl when the cam 69 lifts the regulating rod 68 and releases
the peg 67 from the pawl thereby. The lines 69 and 695 Fig. X show how much the
pawl is lifted.
The regulation may also be modified as follows (Fig. XIV.)
When the regulator surpasses its normal position, it raises as described above, a 4
pawl 66 by means of the rod 65. This pawl secures the peg 67 of the exhaust valve
rod 68, so that the latter is kept open. At the same time the said rod 68 presses on
a spring-lever 63, which securely closes the suction valve. The ascending piston
thus draws back already exploded gases through the exhaust valve, without being able
to simultaneously draw in fresh gas-mixture owing to the spring lever 63°.
4
The regulator descends again after one or more empty strokes, uninfluenced by
the valve notion-mechanism, since the pin 71 has a free downward movement in the
rod 65 at the moment the cam 69 comes again in contact with the disc 70 on the
exhaust valve rod, the pawl 66 falls back with the rod 65 by the weight of
the same, the exhaust valve closes, the suction valve is enabled to open, and explosive 5
gas enters the cylinder so that the motor continues its usual function, until the
regulator is again arrested.
With this construction also long and narrow exhaust pipes can be employed,
without the draught of the exhaust vapours causing any after-suction of new gas-
mixture; if this after suction is sought to be prevented simply by using a stronger 5
spring on the suction valve, the latter would throttle the explosive mixture when
entering the cylinder.

page_text: Fig. XII shows the construction of the chamber serving for the admission of .
explosive mixture, ignition thereof and outlet of the consumed gases.
The ignition of the mixture takes place at d°. Owing to the chamber being as
wide as possible and conical towards the cylinder, the mixture is consumed quietly.
By directing the chamber straight from the cylinder towards the exhaust valve,
overheating of the igniting and mixing valve is avoided, the consumed gases having
generally a temperature of about 400 to 500° Centigrade.
To allow this motor to be driven by gases formed from petroleum, I have devised
the following construction:
In a suitable receptacle 28 Fig. XVII, a float 29 is arranged consisting of a thick
cork plate 30, a felt layer 31 over the same and a sieve-like cover-plate 33 of iron.
The cover plate 33 is so displaceable in the upper part of the receptacle 32 as to cause
the air entering through pipes 32 a into the upper part of the receptacle 32 to pass
down through said pipes into or under the said cover plate 33 and through the
channels or perforations in the latter over the felt plate and thus become saturated
with the vapour of the oil from the latter. The effect is therefore the same with
high as with low level of the oil.
This evaporating apparatus acts as follows:
Through a lateral opening the receptacle is filled, the float ascends by the sucking
movement of the pistons, air enters at 32 a, passes through the holes 35, which are
finely distributed over the whole plate 33, mixes with the oil vapour and passes
through fine perforations along the outer edge of the plate 33, into the annular
space 36, hence through the tube 37 to the cylinder of the motor. The oil may be
heated by exhaust gases passed through the lower compartment of this generator.
Or a suitable vessel 38, Fig. XVIII may be used containing an upper and lower
compartment connected by a valve 39, which is held upward against its seat by a
spring 40. The upper compartment of the vesel is filled by unscrewing the screw
plug 41 and pouring in oil at this opening; the valve 39 is closed by the spring 40
during this operation. When the apparatus is intended to be set in action, the valve
is opened by screwing down the screw 41, and oil passes into the lower compart-
ment until it reaches the lower rim of the valve tube. In the lower receptacle is
laid a felt plate 43, on which is fastened a sieve like plate 44. The air is com-
pelled to pass through the sieve into the peculiarly shaped receiver 46, by which it
passes to the engine in the usual manner by pipe 47.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :
In gas and petroleum engines:
1) The combination with a shaft and crank of two cylinders alligned perpendicular
to the axis of said shaft and having pistons 1a and 2 a working in four measure
therein, the pitman of the piston 1 a being connected to the pitman of the piston 2 a
near to the head of said pitman, the latter operating said crank substantially as set
forth.
2) The combination with the cylinder of a chamber in communication therewith
and narrowing conically towards said cylinder, a feed port in connection by a com-
paratively narrow passage with said chamber, and an exhaust port in connection with
said chamber substantially as described and indicated.
3) In a mixing valve the combination of a conical space 13 with a disc forming
part with the valve, adapted to move axially in said space substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
4) For regulation of the velocity of the engine, the combination with a governor.
of a series of gradatory cams, a valve rod adapted to be operated by said cams, and
mechanism in connection with said governor, adapted to bring the valve rod under
the influence of the respective cam of said series for regulation of the feed and
exhaust in accordance with the velocity of the engine.
5) The combination of the series of cams and governor, of a valve rod having
disc 21, fork 20 engaging said disc, rod 19, lever 18, rod 17 operated by said

page_text: governor, springs 25 and 24, and displaceable collar 23, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
6) The combination with the governor and fork 20, of lever system 61 62 6³
substantially as set forth.
7) The combination of a sleeve 54 having a perforation for the passage of a flame,
a flame 52 before said perforation, a hollow core displaceable longitudinally in said
sleeve and having a perforation normally coincident with that of the sleeve a small
passage 48 connecting the interior space of said core, with the chamber containing
gases to be exploded, passage 50 in said core normally covered by sleeve 54 and a
plunger 5 adapted to be pressed into said core, to close the said perforation thereof
and thereafter to depress said core to open said passage 50 into communication with
said explosion chamber for the purpose set forth.
8) The combination with valve rod 68 of pin 67 thereon, pawl 66 adapted to
engage said pin, rod 65, having lengthened eye for pin 71 of governor rod, and
governor adapted to operate said pawl together with spring 63ª, substantially as and
for the purposo set forth.
9) The manner of relatively placing and arranging the explosion chamber and
exhaust, and the feed and mixing valve below the igniting valve, substantially as
indicated with reference to Figs. X and XII.
10) For the volatilization of fluid hydrocarbon, the combination of a cork plate,
adapted to float in said hydrocarbon, a felt plate thereon and a sieve like plate on
said felt plate said sieve having peripheral perforations in communication with an
annular chamber, and having pipes 32ª for the introduction of air into said sieve
plate substantially as set forth.
11) The combination of a felt plate and sieve like plate and a receiver 46 with
pipe 47 above said plates in a chamber, together with a reservoir 38 above said
chamber with valve 39 substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this th day or October 100.
GERHARD ADAM.
By Herbert & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Charing Cross, W.C.,
Agents to Applicant.