Improvements in Coating Mixtures for the Proofing of Fabrics and the Machines Used in their Application.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Apr., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 17th Mar., 1900
:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coating Mixtures for the Proofing of Fabrics
and the Machines Used in their Application.
AUGUSTUS CAMILLE, 141, Union Street, Southwark, London, S.E., Drysalter &
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The purpose of my invention is to produce proofed fabrics such as tarpaulins,
coated canvas, roof coverings of a felt basis and the like classes of materials
coated on both surfaces, in a cheap and effective manner. It embraces the use
of low-priced and yet highly perfect mixtures which produce thoroughly water-
proof and permanent black deposits.
I use ordinary gas tar, to which I add given proportions of rosin and plaster of
Paris respectively, simply heating them together till a homogenous mixture is
obtained. The temperature to which I heat the mixture in the spreading opera-
tion does not exceed 290 degrees Fahrenheit, and I keep it also above 275 degs.
1. I thus produce a satisfactorily hard and thoroughly pliable or foldable deposit
which dries almost instantly, and when dry shows no sign of tackiness or clammy
feeling.
My spreading apparatus is mainly an oblong rectangular vessel suitably
jacketted for heating by steam or water bath, preferrably the former. At the
rear of this vessel is situated the roll upon which the fabric to be coated is wound,
and which can be steadied and its tension regulated by means of a suitable
pressure-spring acting upon the side or the upper rim. Two readily acting
metal rolls are situated close to the bottom of the vessel containing the coating
mixture, and through or between these the fabric steadily passes. This pro-
vision ensures both the desired penetration of the coating mixture into the pores
or interstices of the fabric and the possibility of continuing the passage of fabric
till the coating mixture in the vessel is practically exhausted. Somewhat above
the extreme mixture level in the vessel when fully charged I place two plates or
scrapers, the pressure of which is regulated by springs or weights from the
side by a suitable arrangement. One of these may be fixed or without a giving
motion and only one need be fitted for effecting pressure-according to the fineness
of the fabric or the thickness of the coating to be produced, as also ensuring the
desired prevention of waste. The height of the scrapers may also be regulated by
a device for screwing them up and down in some proximity with the mixture.
I place some distance forward two hollow metal rolls the interior of which
can be heated by steam or by placing in their interior hollow rolls or pipes con-
taining ignited fuel, to produce the desired temperature, more or less upon the
outer rolls, and thus act upon the coatings on both sides of the fabric to effect
the desired equalisation of the surfaces.
To ensure desirably fireproof qualities of this waterproof coating I simply
place a container in the intervening space between the coating-vessel and the
last-named rolls. This container provided with a guiding roll near its bottom
can be charged with an effective fireproofing solution-such as of tungstate and

page_text: silicate of soda and numerous other well known fireproofing agents-but in cases
where there is sufficient convenience for subsequent drying this immersion can
be effected after passing the rolls. For ordinary purposes, however, the fabric is
completed when it leaves the coating-tank and the scrapers.
Dated this the 6th day of April 1899.
.
Improvements in Coating Mixtures for the Proofing of Fabrics
and the Machines Used in their Application.
AUGUSTUS CAMILLE, 129A, Wandsworth Road, London, S.W., late of 141, Union
Street, Southwark, London, S.E., Drysalter & Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this innovation is to manufacture proofed or coated fabrics of
waterproof and if necessary fireproof qualities at a considerably reduced outlay
and in a manner saving manufacturing space and the present repititions of com-
plicated operations. My special endeavour in its elaboration was to use as the
basis of the coating composition the ordinary inexpensive liquid tar, as for
instance that which is known as a bye-product in the manufacture of ordinary
lighting gas, and the like suitable kinds of fluid tarry matter. Specifying the
principal coating mixture here in question I use is a composition of gas tar,
resin, and plaster of Paris (in proportions of about 2 parts of the former and
about 1 part each of the latter), adding thereto a small proportion of tallow or
similar fatty body to keep intact the pliable and elastic condition of the coating
deposit. These proportions are subject to modification according to the work in
hand. The heat of the mixture is maintained at a degree at least near the
boiling point, and in order to evaporate as much of the volatile constituents as
possible it may be brought as high as 265 degs. F. and even above that degree.
The kind of fabrics coated and shown by a, with this mixture are single or
double canvas or similar textures of any thickness and closeness as made from.
any vegetable fibres, as also felt, sailcloth and stuffs for cart covers, tarpaulins, etc.
Such compositions can be applied advantageously, and in effect the apparatus
which is the subject of the drawing about to be described is purely complementary
to the coating mixture and process in question. Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal
section of the waterproofing mixture container or tank, together with a view of
the parts facilitating the coating operation or the deposit of the requisite layers.
A is the tank in question, and B is a jacket combined with this container,
intended for the raising of the temperature of the coating mixture it holds. To
cheapen the arrangement, however, I reserve the use instead of this jacket 13
with steam, or in combination with it, of a pipe or of a series of pipes, and the
position or direction of which is indicated by the letter b. By following the
direction of the letter it will be seen that such pipe or series of pipes will in.
no way interfere with the movement or displacement or proper working of the
fabric a, the rollers c, and, the roll-arms, as shown by D, E and F. C is a
cover to secure a sufficient enclosure of the mixture in tank A for its requisite
heating, while at the same time it allows of the unhindered passing or movement
of fabric a, and fits over the projecting parts of D and E. Dindicates the tension
and regulating arms-born or suspended upon pivots of the rolls c, and for
which latter these arms act as the bearings at each end, or in other words, each
side crosswise in the interior of tank A. These can be raised or lowered by

page_text: actuating the spring F, or by withdrawing it from the perforations and then
again fixing a given position by letting it sink back into a cavity securing a
requisite height.
By thus withdrawing spring F, raising or lowering the roll-bearing arms 1
as the case may demand, and releasing it to let fall back into the cavity and
perforation in a manner as to allow the rolls c to pass the fabric a below, the
mixture-level, its thorough permeation with the composition used is thereby
assured. G is the inlet pipe for the steam, and a safety valve or damper is
provided in a convenient position above the spreading knife or blade H, while any
steam issueing therefrom can again be utilised to secure a moist condition of
rolls I Fig. 2, at the positions indicated by h, by the use of pipes suitably per-
forated and extending the length of rolls I, Fig. 2. Hand. L are the spreaders or
Scrapers respectively of any shape found most suitable in practice, and the space
to be allowed for the passage of the impregnated fabric a,, can be regulated by
an adjusting screw passing through, at each end; from the inner side of blade H
and reaching the outer side or surface of blade L. The angle allowed in the
adjustment of spreaders H and L may be varied as required. I, I, Fig. 2, are the
equalising rolls for pressing evenly the deposit upon the fabric in the case of
higher classes of goods, and which are so constructed as to allow the supply of
steam, hot water, or burning charcoal into their hollow interior to bring about a
partial re-melting of the coating deposit, and working in a manner similar to
the ordinary steam heated calender. The motion of the rolls may be engendered
by the aid of a pulley at one end of the uppermost or lower roll and the con-
nection of the two rolls by toothed wheels adjusted upon the same side of each.
J indicates the position from whence the fabric is intended to pass to roll i,
in Fig. 3. K is the supplying fabric roll regulated or steadied, from its grooved
side upon one end, by line e attached to the support g, and steadying weight f.
M, Fig. 3 is a wooden or enamelled metal tank to hold the fireproofing solution,
and in which rolls ¢ can be raised or lowered by withdrawing and reinserting a
bolt.
The fireproofing solution to be used in connection with tank M Fig. 3 consists
of a watery solution of ordinary liquid glass as obtained in commerce as a semi-
fluid state as silicate of soda, and of tungstate of soda combined. The use in the
watery compound solutions of 12 per cent. to sometimes even 30 per cent. of soda
silicate solution sold in commerce, and from 4 per cent. to 12 per cent. of soda
tungstas will give the results requisite.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The waterproofing composition described, as intended for deposit upon
different fabrics named of varied closeness of texture, strength and thickness, and
to be spread upon one or both sides or surfaces in desired thickness-consisting
of gas tar or similar liquid tarry matter, together with ordinary rosin, plaster of
Paris and a small proportion of tallow or other suitable fatty body sufficient to
maintain the softness and pliability of the product resulting after the said spread-
ing or succession of spreadings.
2.-The arrangement shown in Fig. 1 passing fabric a from the fabric roll K,
the regulating line e and weight f, the tank A with steam jacket or pipe or
series of pipes b and pipe G fitted for heating with either one or both, the coating
composition in A. The cover or lid C, allowing of passage of fabric a, the
rolls c with arms D pivoting upon d, with the tension regulation or locking
arrangement E and F. The spreading blades H and L, of any suitable shape; and
set or adjusted in any angle which may prove conducive to the easy abstraction
of the excess of mixture and successful working, together with the arrangement
for regulating the opening or spreading width between the longitudinal edges of
the blades H, L.

page_text: 3.The rolls I Fig. 2 as constructed for the heating, through their hollow
interior by steam, hot water or burning. charcoal, and as actuated by the aid of
toothed wheels and pulley respectively. The steam pipes finely perforated with
jets to ensure a steam douche or spray acting lengthwise upon rolls: I at positions
indicated by-h or other convenient part adjoining the said. rolls to prevent the
sticking or partial adhesion of the coated fabrics as yet tacky after leaving H
and L.
4. The container M shown by Fig. 3, for the fireproofing mixture, and used
for treating the coated fabric: as it leaves H and.L or after its passage in suc-
cession through rolls I or independently of either Figs. 1 and 2.
5. In solution, with water for the fireproofing of fabric. a, previously water-
proofed as described and claimed in the First Claim, of commercial silicate of
soda and tungstate of soda...
sta..
: Dated this the 5th day of January 1900.