IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING Sewage, and in MAKING MANURE THEREFROM.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George William Wigner, of No. 1, Saint Swithin's
Lane, in the City of London, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING Sewage, and in MAKING
MANURE THEREFROM.'
"
Sealed the 5th July 1870, and dated the 12th May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George William Wigner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th May 1870.
I, GEORGE WILLIAM WIGNER, of No. 1, Saint Swithin's Lane, in the
City of London, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE,
AND IN MAKING MANURE THEREPROM," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a process for which I in conjunction with
William Cameron Sillar and Robert George Sillar obtained Letters
Patent, bearing date 15th June, A.D. 1868, No. 1954, and my said
Invention consists in the addition of the following chemical substances

page_text: to those enumerated in the Specification of that Patent:-I add to the
substances therein cnumerated sulphate of alumina, sulphate of iron,
sulphate of lime and alumina. These substances in a commercially pure
or manufactured state may be added to the substances mentioned in
the aforesaid Specification, or crude alum, containing sulphate of alumina,
sulphate of iron, sulphate of lime and free alumina, or any of them
in the form of impurities may be added to the said substances. The
sulphate of alumina, sulphate of iron, sulphate of lime and alumina in
either of the forms described are either dissolved in water and added
to the substances mentioned in the aforesaid Specification, or the sail
sulphate of alumina, sulphate of iron, sulphate of lime and alumina are
dissolved in admixture with the said substances, and the mixture made
in cither of these ways is then added to the sewage to be purified and
mixed therewith. The mixing of the sewage and the chemical substances
used for its purification as aforesaid may be effected in any suitable way,
but I prefer that described in a Provisional Specification filed by me en
the 8th February, A.D. 1870, No. 364. The subsequent operations for
completing the manufacture of the manure are or may be the same as
those described in the said Provisional Specification.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said George William Wigner in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WILLIAM WIGNER, of No. 1, Saint Swithin's Lane, in the City of
London, Analytical Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said George William Wigner, Her special licence
that I, the said George William Wigner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said George William Wigner, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,

page_text: << IM-
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
PROVEMENTS IN DEODORIZING AND PURIFYING SEWAGE, AND, IN MAKING MANURE
THEREFROM," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George
William Wigner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George William Wigner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to a process for deodorizing and purifying sewage
and making manure therefrom, for which I in conjunction with William
Cameron Sillar and Robert George Sillar obtained Letters Patent, bearing
date 15th June, A.D. 1868, No. 1954, and my said Invention consists
in the addition of the following chemical substances to those enumerated
in the Specification of that Patent. I add to the substances therein
enumerated sulphate of alumina, sulphate of iron, sulphate of lime and
alumina. These substances in a commercially pure or manufactured state
may be added to the substances mentioned in the aforesaid Specification,
or crude alum containing sulphate of alumina, sulphate of iron, sulphate
of lime, and free alumina, or any of them may be added to the said
substances. The sulphate of alumina, sulphate of iron, sulphate of lime
and alumina in either of the forms described, that is to say, either as
separate substances or as constituents of crude alum are cither mixed
with or dissolved in water and added to the substances mentioned in the
aforesaid Specification, or the said sulphate of alumina, sulphate of iron,
sulphate of lime and alumina, in either of the forms described, are mixed
with the substances named in the aforesaid Specification, and the
compound thus formed is mixed with or dissolved in water, and the
mixture made in either of these ways is then added to the sewage to
be purified and mixed therewith.

page_text: The proportions and quantities in which these substances added as
aforesaid should be used will vary with the quality of the sewage to be
purified, that is to say, with the quantity of actual excreta contained
in it, and also to a small extent with the age of the sewage, but for an
average sample of London sewage, the said substances may be used in
the following proportions:-
Sulphate of alumina
Sulphate of iron -
Sulphate of lime
Alumina
169 parts by weight.
3
"
66
دو
94
وو
"
"
"
I prefer however to use crude alum in sufficient quantity to give the
above weights of the above substances. The quantity of the said crude
alum, which will probably be required will be about 488 parts by weight.
These substances in the above proportions may be added to those named
in the aforesaid Specification, and the proportions of all the ingredients

page_text: cases also the whole or a great part of the alum contained in the original
formula may be omitted and crude alum in similar proportion may be
added instead. In such cases the formula to be used for an average
sample of London sewage may be,—
cases also the whole or a great part of the alum contained in the original
formula may be omitted and crude alum in similar proportion may be
added instead. In such cases the formula to be used for an average
sample of London sewage may be,—
Crude alum
Blood
Clay
-
-
-
1,088 parts by weight.
1 part
1,900 parts
"
"
Magnesia
Manganate of potash
Burnt clay
Chloride of sodium
Animal charcoal -
Vegetable charcoal
Magnesian limestone
-
5
"
"
10
"
"
25
"
"
10
"
"
15
""
"
20
""
"
2
د,
"
These proportions also will of course be subject to variation according
to the changes in the quality of the sewage to be treated. For instance,
in many cases the proportion of alum or crude alum used may be
advantageously changed. In sewage mixed with a large quantity of
surface water the clay may often be advantageously diminished, but
in strong sewage a further addition of clay is often desirable.
The mixing of the sewage and of the chemical substances used for
its purification as aforesaid may be effected in any suitable way, but I
prefer that described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me and bearing date 8th February, A.D. 1870, No. 364. The subsequent
operations for completing the manufacture of the manure are or may
be the same as those described in the Specification of the Letters Patent,
No. 1954, A.D. 1868, herein-before referred to.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details and proportions herein-
before described, as the same may (as before stated) be varied according
to circumstances, but I claim as my Invention the addition of the
chemical substances herein named, that is to say, sulphate of alumina,
sulphate of iron, sulphate of lime and alumina, (or any of them), or
of crude alum containing these substances, (or any of them) to the
substances named in the Specification of the aforesaid Letters Patent,
No. 1954, A.D. 1868, (or some of them), and the use of the compound

page_text: mixture thus formed in the process of purifying and deodorizing sewage
and making manure therefrom.
In witness whereof, I, the said George William Wigner, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Witness,
H. H. MURDOCH,
7, Staple Inn,"
London.
G. W. WIGNER. (L.S.)