IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER LOOPED AND PILE FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER
LOOPED AND PILE FABRICS."-\ communication from abroad by Charles
Crossley, of New York, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 23rd October 1860, and dated the 19th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 19th May 1860.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND OTHER
LOOPED AND PILE FABRICE," to be as follows:-
This Invention cousists in the application to a Brussels carpet loom of a
peculiar combination and arrangement of devices intermediate between tho
slay and the harness or heddles, the object of which is to throw up the worsted
or loop forming thread to the right and left alternately over and above the
cotton warp threads. Heretofore fabrics of this kind have been produced by
forcing the woollen warp threads over wires which were drawn out after the
loop was formed. In those cases the loops were formed transversely across
the fabric, while by the present improvement the loops are formed in the
direction of the length of the fabric.
In carrying out this Invention there is interposed between the heddles and

page_text: the slay a reed which vibrates to the right and left across the loom for about
the one-eighth of an inch each way. In front of this vibrating reed is placed
a series of knee-shaped steel pieces which are attached to a rod. This rod is
supported on adjustable screws in a small vibrating frame provided with a
vibrating or sliding journal at each extremity, which fits into a socket in the
main frame so as to permit the series of knee-pieces to be vibrated to the right
or left as the operation of the machine requires. In like manner the
vibrating reed is supported by vibrating journals working in bearings above
and below. This reed and the knee picces vibrate in opposite directions. The
alternate vibration of the reed and kuce pieces is effected by the arrangement
of a revolving cam piece against an arm or lever, the effect of which is to
vibrate another arm which is attached to the frame of the knee-pieces, and is
also connected with the vibrating reed. The cam shaft is revolved at the
proper intervals by means of a revolving arm on the main shaft. This revolving
arm is geared into a toothed wheel, and every revolution of the arm moves
the wheel through the space of two teeth. The cam is of such a form that
three picks are cast by the shuttle or weft, during which the cam has no effect
on the vibrating reed or knee pieces. The operation of the mechanism is as
follows:-The first, second, and third picks of the shuttle are made while the
vibrating reed and the knee pieces are central or in the middle of the slits of
the reed in the slay, while the fourth pick of the shuttle is made while the
vibrating reed is moved to the left, and the knee pieces or loop formers to the
right, so as to cause the woollen thread to be thrown over the left of the loop
formers, and the loop thread is then depressed by the heddle, and the next
throw of the shuttle binds it in that position. The fifth, sixth, and seventh
throws of the shuttle are made while the reed and the knee picces are central in
the slits of the slay, and are made for the purpose of forming the back of the
fabric and securing the loops together, while the eighth movement or pick is
made the reed and the vibrating knees are vibrated in the contrary direction
to that for the fourth pick, thus throwing the looping threads to the right,
over the loop formers, as the cloth progresses it slides off the loop formers, or
in case of its being made into velvet, the loops are cut as they slide off. Thus
it will be seen that by the combined operation of the vibrating reed the loop
formers working in conjunction with the ordinary heddles and slay, a looped
fabric is produced suitable for Brussels tapestry, or for velvet.
In order to let off the woollen warp thread properly from its warp beam I
attach to the shaft of the warp beam a pulley of sufficient face to admit of
a cord passing several times around it. A weight is attached to one end of
this cord, and a lighter weight is attached to the other end of the cord. The

page_text: latter end of the cord passes through an arm with a hole or slot in it. This
part of the cord is knotted at such a point that when the loop warp is required
to be let off the knot rests on the arm. As the warp is being drawn off from
the beam it causes the knot in the cord to descend and rest on the arm. A
knot resting on the arm relieves one weight from its tension on the cord and
slackens up the coil on the pulley. The heavier weight then takes up that
slack, and thus maintains the proper tension on the looping warp. These
improvements are applicable to the manufacture of looped fabrics either cut
or uncut, or of any material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said Willian
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS, AND OTHER LOOPED AND
PILE FABRICS," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
eclare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
This Invention of improvements in looms for weaving carpets, and other
louped and pile fabrics, consists in the application to a Brussels carpet loom
of a peculiar combination and arrangement of devices intermediate between
the slay and the harness or heddles, the object of which is to throw up the
worsted or loop-forming thread to the right and left alternately over and
above the cotton warp threads. Heretofore fabrics of this kind have been
produced by forcing the woollen warp threads over wires which were drawn
out after the loop was formed. In those cases the loops were formed trans-
versely across the fabric, while by the present improvement, the loops are
formed in the direction of the length of the fabric.
In the accompanying Drawings Figure 1 represents a perspective view of
this improvement as applied to a loom; Figure 2 represents a sectional eleva-
tion showing the position of the threads; Figure 3 represents a front view of
the warp beam detached.
A, B, C, D (Fig. 1), represent the ordinary harness or liedidle frame.
Between the heddles A, B, C, D, and the slay there is a reed G, H, which
vibrates to the right and left across the loom for about one-eighth of an inch
each way.
In front of this vibrating reed G, H, is placed a series of knee-
shaped steel pieces K, K', K", of which there are eight shown in the Drawing.
These knee-shaped steel pieces are mounted on a rod L, L, which is supported
on adjustable screws at m and m³, Fig. 1, in a small vibrating frame provided
with a vibrating or sliding journal n, n', at each extremity, which fits into a
socket in the main frame, so as to permit the series of knee pieces K, K', K¹³,
to be vibrated to the right or left as the operation of the machine requires.
In like manner the vibrating reed G, 11, is supported by vibrating journals
working in bearings above at o, o', and below at o", o. The reed G, H, and
the knee pieces K, K, K", vibrate in opposite directions, thus as the reed
G, H, vibrates to the left the knee pieces or loop formers K, K', K", vibrate
to the right. The alternate vibrations of the reed and the knee pieces is
effected by the arrangement of the revolving cam piece P against the arm or
lever Q, the effect of which is to vibrate the arm Q which is attached to the
frame m, m, of the knee pieces at R, and is also connected with the vibrating
reed G, H, at T by means of the rod S, the reversing lever S', and the
rods S, as seen in Fig. 1. The cam shaft U is revolved at the proper
intervals by means of the revolving arm V on the main shaft. This revolving
arm is geared into the toothed wheel W, so that every revolution of the

page_text: arm V moves the wheel W through the space of the two teeth. The cam P
is of such a form that three picks are cast by the shuttle or weft, during which
the cam P has no effect on the vibrating reed G, II, or knee pieces K, K', K",
and the filling is operated on just as though they were not on the machine;
then the vibrating reed is alternated to the right, and the knee pieces K, K', K",
to the left for one pick of the shuttle, then the vibrating reed and knee picces
are restored to the centre of the reed in the lay, and remain there during
three picks, then the vibrating reed is moved to the left and the knee pieces
K, K, K", to the right for one pick of the shuttle.
The operation and effect of this arrangement of mechanism as applied to
the loom is as follows:-The first, second, and third picks of the shuttle are
made while the vibrating reed G, H, and the knee pieces or loop formers
K, K', K", are central or in the middle of the slits of the reed in the lay,
while the fourth movement or fourth pick of the shuttle is made while the
vibrating reed G, H, is moved to the left, and the knee pieces or loop formers
K, K, K", to the right, so as to cause the woollen thread to be thrown over the
left of the loop formers, and the loop thread is then depressed by the heddle
and the next throw of the shuttle binds it in that position. The fifth, sixth,
and seventh throws of the shuttle are made while the reed G, H, and the knee
pieces K, K', K", are central in the slits of the lay, and are made for the
purpose of forming the back of the fabric and securing the loops together.
While the eighth movement or pick is made the reed G, H, and the vibrating
knees are moved in the contrary direction to that for the fourth pick, that is
to say, the reed G, H, is moved to the right, and the loop formers K, K', K",
are moved to the left, thus throwing the looping threads to the right over the
loop formers. As the work progresses it slides off the loop formers K, K', K",
or in case of its being made into velvet, the loops are cut as they slide off.
Thus it will be seen that by the combined operation of the vibrating reed G, H,
the loop formers K, K', K", working in conjunction with the ordinary heddles
and slay, a looped fabric is produced suitable for Brussels tapestry, or for
velvet fabrics.
In order to let off the woollen or loop warp threads properly from the warp
beam 1, a pulley 2 of sufficient face to admit of a cord passing several times
around it is attached to the shaft of the warp beam. A weight 3 is attached
to one end of this cord, and a lighter weight 4 is attached to the other end of
the cord. The latter end of the cord passes through an arm 5 with a hole or
slot in it. This part of the cord is knotted at such a point that when the loop
warp is required to be let off the knot rests on the arm 5. As the warp is
being drawn off from the beam it causes the knot in the cord to descend and

page_text: rest on the arm. A knot resting on the arm relieves the weight 4 from its
tension on the cord, and slackens up the coil on the pulley 2. The heavier
weight 3 then takes up that slack, and thus maintains the proper tension on
the looping warp.
These improvements are applicable to the manufacture of looped fabrics,
either cut or uncut or of any material.
Having now described this Invention of improvements in looms for weaving
carpets and other looped and piled fabrics, and having explained the nanner
of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent, as aforesaid,-
First, the mode herein set forth of forming the loops in carpets or other
similar fabrics; I claim particularly the use of the vibrating loop formers
K, K, K", and the vibrating reed G, H, as herein described.
Second, I claim the combination of the weights 3 and 4, the knotted cord,
and slotted arm 5, for the purpose of controlling the let off of the loop yarn
beam, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)