IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CURLING AND SPINNING MACHINES FOR HORSEHAIR AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Nightingale, of Wardour Street, Soho, in the
County of Middlesex, Bedding Manufacturer, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CURLING AND SPINNING
MACHINES FOR HORSEHAIR AND OTHER MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Nightingale at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th June 1858.
I, CHARLES' NIGHTINGALE, of Wardour Street, Soho, in the County of
Middlesex, Bedding Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CURLING AND
SPINNING MACHINES FOR HORSEHAIR AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting and applying to machines for curling
and spinning or twisting horsehair and other materials conical speed pulleys,
'for the purpose of imparting to the reel or bobbin on which the spun or
twisted material is wound a rotary motion slightly less rapid than that im-
parted to the flyer, so as to preserve the required relation between the speeds
of the flyer and the reel or bobbin without the necessity of retarding the
latter by mechanical means. By driving both the flyer and the reel or bobbin,
but independently, and at the required 'relative speeds, the latter is carried
round without depending on the pull of the hair, yarn, or fibre under operation,

page_text: the only strain on which being that due to the difference between the velocities
of the flyer and the reel or bobbin.
One of the conical pulleys is fixed on the driving shaft, and the other on
the spindle or axis to which the reel or bobbin is fixed, instead of being fitted
loosely, as usual; a crossed strap or band communicating motion from the
one to the other.
The slight variation in the speed of the reel or bobbin which is required as
it becomes filled with the material is produced by shifting the strap or band
a short distance along the pulleys, and this may be accomplished either by
hand or by ordinary mechanical means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Nightingale in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
NIGHTINGALE, of Wardour Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, Bedding
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Charles Nightingale, Her special license that I, the said Charles Nightingale,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Nightingale, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CURLING AND SPINNING MACHINES FOR HORSEHAIR AND
OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Nightingale, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Nightingale, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus applicable to Curling and
Spinning Machines for Horsehair and other Materials," consists in adapting
and applying to machines for curling and spinning or twisting horsehair and
other materials conical speed pulleys, for the purpose of imparting to the reel
or bobbin on which the spun or twisted material is wound a rotary motion
slightly less rapid than that imparted to the flyer, so as to
preserve the
required relation between the speeds of the flyer and the reel or bobbin
without the necessity of retarding the motion of the latter by mechanical
means. By driving both the flyer and the reel or bobbin independently, but
at the required relative speeds, the latter is carried round without depending
for its required rotary motion on the pull of the hair, yarn, or fibre under
operation, the only strain on which being that due to the difference between
the respective velocities of the flyer and the reel or bobbin.
One of the conical pulleys is fixed on the driving shaft, and the other on
the spindle or axis to which the reel or bobbin is fixed, instead of being fitted
loosely as usual; a crossed strap or band communicating motion from the one
to the other.
The slight variation in the speed of the reel or bobbin as it becomes filled
with the material is produced by shifting the strap or band a short distance
along the pulleys, and this may be accomplished either by hand or by ordinary
mechanical means.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will now proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by
reference to the accompanying Drawing, which is an elevation of only so much
of a machine for curling horsehair as is necessary to shew the mode of apply-
ing to machines of this description the means above referred to of driving both
the flyer and the reel or bobbin independently, but at the required relativo.
speeds.
D

page_text: smaller end, the pulley. E being six inches at the smaller end and seven inches
at the larger end, both pulleys being eight inches broad. These pulleys are
connected by a cross strap H, which is moved along the pulleys so as to vary
the speed as required by means of the fork I, worked in the horizontal
guide K by turning the screw L by hand through the handles M or otherwise,
or the screw may be turned as required by self-acting mechanism.
The required decrease of speed as the reel or bobbin fills is produced by
moving the strap H only a short distance towards the smaller end of the
pulley D and the larger end of the pulley E. The reel or bobbin G may be
easily removed when full by loosening the set screws f, f, and withdrawing the
spindle F a sufficient distance to allow of the reel or bobbin being taken off.
The end of the spindle is square and passes into a square hole at the
end of the reel or bobbin, by which the necessary connection between them is
formed.
N is a pulley on the driving shaft C, connected by a crossed band with the
pulley O on the axis of the flyer P, the diameter of the pulley N being eighteen
inches and that of the pulley O six inches.
It will thus be evident that where the centre of the width of the strap H
passes over the pulley D the diameter of the latter will be less than eighteen
inches, or the working diameter of the pulley N and the pulley E will be more
than six inches, or the working diameter of the pulley O, and consequently
that the spindle F, and with it the reel or bobbin G, will be driven at a slightly
less rapid rate than the flyer, such rate of speed being variable by the
moving of the strap H on to a smaller diameter of the pulley D and a larger
diameter of the pulley E, so as to cause it to become decreased as the reel or
bobbin fills.
I have not thought it necessary to shew any of the parts of the curling
machine beyond those referred to, because my present Invention does not
relate to them; but I would remark that the machine in its general features
is similar to that which forms the subject of a Patent granted to me,
and bearing date the Fourth of March, One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four.
I would also remark that although I have shewn the application of my
Invention to a horizontal frame for heavy spinning and curling, yet it is
equally applicable to the usual and lighter forms of vertical spindles. In
adapting it to the usual form of spinning and roving frames, the spindle and
flyer would have to be separated so as to be capable of revolving independently
of each other, instead of being connected as usual, then the flyer would be
driven at the requisite speed to impart the necessary twist, and, the spindle

page_text: with the reel or bobbin at a speed slightly less rapid, and gradually decreasing
as the bobbin filled. Thus the difference between the speeds of the flyer
and the spindle would cause the yarn or roving to wind on to the reel or
bobbin, and the necessity for any kind of retard would be obviated. In a
frame containing many spindles the varying motion should be applied to the
shaft which actuates the spindles, and may be self-acting from the bobbin
lifter motion in a similar manner to that now in use for regulating the taking
up; thus, by applying the conical speed pulleys to the shafting instead of to
the spindles, they will serve for any convenient number of bobbins.
I would further remark that it may be desirable in some cases to apply the
conical speed pulleys to the axis of the flyer also, so as to impart to it a slightly
increasing speed as the reel or bobbin fills, in order that each layer on the reel
or bobbin may retain the same twist, as it is obvious that in the present
method of spinning with the flyer revolving at an uniform speed, and the reel
or bobbin at a gradually decreasing speed, the first layers will contain more
twist than any of the later ones.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do
not claim as of my Invention the machinery herein-before described and
referred to; but I do claim the adaptation and application of conical speed
pulleys to such machinery, for the purpose of driving the reel or bobbin at such
speed in relation to that of the flyer as will obviate the necessity of any
retarding apparatus, and of varying the said speed, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Nightingale, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM SPENCE,
50, Chancery Lane,
Patent Agent.
CHARLES NIGHTINGALE. (L.S.)