IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO HARROWS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Young, of Linton, near Morebattle, Roxburgh-
shire, Scotland, Blacksmith, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
APPLICABLE TO HARROWS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1855.
I, JOHN YOUNG, of Linton, near Morebattle, Roxburghshire, Scotland,
5 Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO HARROWS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in adapting and applying to the teeth of the harrow,
(commonly called the "grubber harrow,") tongues or guides of such form as
to be capable of clearing such teeth as they pass through the land, by raising
and throwing off grass or other obstructions gathered by the teeth in the
course of their progress.
up
The tongue or guide is applied to the lower part of the tooth-in front, or the
tooth is formed with the tongue or guide upon it, and the tongue or guide

page_text: extending upwards from the lower part of the tooth is at its upper part bent
to one side, so as to be adapted to raise and turn off the grass or other
obstructions as they accumulate, and prevent their resting upon the body
of the tooth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
YOUNG, of Linton, near Morebattle, Roxburghshire, Scotland, send greeting. !
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Young, Her special license that I, the said John Young, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Young,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should. at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO
HARROWS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Young,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said- Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Young, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in and applicable to Harrows" has for its
object the removal of obstructions from the teeth or projections of agricultural
implements of this description while they are at work, so as to obviate the

page_text: necessity of occasionally stopping their working for the purpose of clearing them.
And this effect is accomplished by adapting and applying to the teeth of the
harrow, (commonly called a "grubber harrow,") tongues or guides of such form
as to be capable of clearing such teeth as they pass through the land, by
raising up and throwing off couch grass or other obstructions gathered by the
teeth in the course of their progress.
The tongue or guide is applied to the lower part of the tooth in front, or the
tooth is formed with the tongue or guide upon it, and the tongue or guide
extending upwards from the lower part of the tooth is at its upper part bent to
one side, so as to be adapted to raise and turn off the couch grass or other
obstructions as they accumulate, and prevent their resting upon the body of
the tooth.
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe, by the aid of the accompanying
Drawing, a form of tooth, and "tongue or guide "applied thereto, which I
have found to answer the purpose.
:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the. tooth and the tongue or guide, with a
portion of the frame of the implement; Fig. 2 is a plan or horizontal view of
the same.
a is the portion of frame; b is the tooth or projection, which, as
the implement is drawn forwards, is made to operate upon the land; c is the
tongue or guide formed on the tooth b, and it is shaped in such a manner as
to turn off the couch grass or other obstructions as the tooth passes through
the ground, and prevent the same from lodging on the "neck" of the tooth
and accumulating thereon. Hence, by the use of this tongue or guide on the
teeth, it is no longer necessary to stop the working of the implement from time
to time in order to clear the several teeth from their obstructions.
The tongue or guide c may be varied in size and form, so as to adapt it to
the teeth of the particular implement to which it is to be applied, so long as
its form remains suitable for turning off obstructions from the tooth, as above
described; and it may be forged on the tooth, or otherwise applied thereto, as
preferred. And the tooth may be varied in form, provided it be always of such
form as to admit of the tongue or guide being fixed so as to operate at a
sufficient distance in front of the body of the tooth.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not mean or
intend to confine myself to the precise forms of the parts represented and
described; and I would remark that I do not claim as of my Invention any
particular form of tooth of the implement otherwise than as being suitable for

page_text: the adaptation and application thereto of the tongue or guide, as described;
but what I do claim as of my Invention is, the adaptation and application of
tongues or guides of the nature described above to the teeth of implements
of the kind herein-before referred to.
.In witness whereof, I, the said John Young, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Witness,
JOHN MILNE,
Caverton Mill, Kelso,
Teacher.
JUH
L.B.)