IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY AND CUTTERS FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING AND POLISHING OR SURFACING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Munro, Engineer, of Arbroath, in the County of
[C
Forfar, Bain Munro, Engineer, of Forfar, in the same County, and Andrew
Dunlop, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, for the Invention of IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND CUTTERS FOR CUTTING OR SHAPING AND POLISHING
OR SURFACING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, OR SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
ealed the 7th July 1876, and dated the 13th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Munro, Bain Munro,
and Andrew Dunlop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, on the 13th
January 1876.
ARCHIBALD MUNRO, Engineer, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, BAIN
MUNRO, Engineer, of Forfar, in the same County, and ANDREW DUNLOP, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND CUTTERS FOR
CUTTING OR SHAPING AND POLISHING OR SURFACING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, OR
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
This Invention has for its object to render more efficient and otherwise improve
machinery and cutters for cutting or shaping and polishing or surfacing stone, slate,
marble, or similar substances.
The first part of the Invention consists in arranging machinery in which barrels
arned with cutters are employed, so that the bedding, moulding, and facing of
ashlar or other blocks of stone or similar substance may be effected simultaneously.
For this purpose one or more horizontal barrels are combined with one or more
vertical barrels so that the front or outer face may be operated on at the same
time as one or more of the bed or joint faces, whereby much time and labor will
be saved.
The second part of the Invention relates to the polishing or surfacing operation,
and in carrying it out one block or set of blocks of the stone or similar substance
is fixed on a table or carriage to which a rectilinear reciprocating motion is imparted
by means of screws, or chains, or racks, or other mechanism, whilst another stone or
set of stones held in a frame or a polishing plate of any suitable material is made to
reciprocate rectilineally over or across the first, so that the two motions are at right
angles or oblique to each other. A strong simple light machine is made to give the
two movements, and can be easily moved from place to place, and is thus more
generally useful than existing machines for the same purpose, and which are com-
plicated and not portable.

page_text: The third part of the Invention relates to cutters which are modifications of or
improvements on those described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
Archibald Munro, one of the present applicants, and William Bennet Adamson, and
numbered 494 of the year 1869. The improved cutters are of a simple conical
shape outside, and either solid or with a conical cavity, or with a concave front, as
described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Andrew Dunlop, one of
the present applicants, and William Ree, and numbered 1890 of the year 1875, but
without a shank and without any hole through it, and held in its place in the tool
holder by a bolt fixed in the holder below the part whereat the cutter is set, and
The bolt may be
with a hook or claw catching upon or in the front of the cutter.
held by a spring, allowing of the cutter being easily changed.
By the fourth part of the Invention cutters of or similar to the kinds herein-
before referred to are forged and shaped in an improved and very economical
manner by means of a series of punches and dies, which can be used by an ordinary
blacksmith, so as to make the cutters very quickly and cheaply of either steel or
wrought iron. The blank being first inserted in a trumpet-mouthed die is acted on
therein by a conical-pointed punch so as to form a small conical cavity and to clis-
tend the sides to the shape of the trumpet mouth. At the second operation the
cutter is struck against a fixed conical point, and at the third operation it is acted
on by a punch and die shaped like the first, but larger. At the fourth and final
forging operation the cutter is set on end on a plate and acted on by a hollow
angular-edged punch, which cuts off the rough outer rim of the conical end, and
thereby forms a finished cutting edge, which produces a fine smooth face on the
stone such as cannot be produced by the forged cutters hitherto used excepting when
they are finished by the slow and expensive processes of turning and boring.
The improved cutters are by preference made of Swedish charcoal iron, and are
tempered for use by means of prussiate of potash or other known equivalent
means.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Archibald Munro, Bain Munro, and Andrew Dunlop in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th July 1876.
ARCHIBALD MUNRO, Engineer, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, BAIN
MUNRO, Engineer, of Forfar, in the same County, and ANDREW DUNLOP, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND CUTTERS FOR
CUTTING OR SHAPING AND POLISHING OR SURFACING STONE, SLATE, MARBLE, OR
SIMILAR SUBSTANCES."
Our said Invention has for its objects to render more efficient and otherwise
improve machinery and cutters for cutting or shaping and polishing or surfacing,
stone, slate, marble, or similar substances.
The first part of our Invention consists in arranging machinery in which barrels
armed with cutters are employed, so that one or more horizontal barrels are
combined with one or more vertical barrels, and so that the front or outer face of
the stone may be operated on at the same time as one or more of the bed or joint
faces.
By the second part of our Invention one block or set of blocks of stone is fixed
on a table to which a rectilinear reciprocating motion is imparted, whilst another
stone or set of stones held in a frame is made to reciprocate over or across the
first.
The third part of our Invention relates to cutters which are modifications of or
improvements on those described in the Specifications of Letters Patent, numbered
494 of the year 1869, and 1890 of the year 1875, the cutters being held by claw
bolts.
By the fourth part of our Invention the cutters are forged and shaped by means

page_text: of a special series of punches and dies which can be used by an ordinary blacksmith
so as to make the cutters very quickly and cheaply.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, we hereunto append five Sheets of explanatory
Drawings to be herein after referred to, and representing the essential features of
various modifications embodying our improvements. In these Drawings the same
reference letters and numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever
they are repeated.
Machinery made for carrying out the first part of our Invention is shown on
Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, Figures 1 and 2 being side and end
elevations; and Figure 3, a plan.
The machinery is shown as arranged for acting simultaneously on two blocks of
stone S, T, but may be made without the parts for carrying the second block T,
and may be first described without them. The block S is carried on a plate 1
arranged on V guides or otherwise on a bed frame 2, along which it is made to
progress slowly by a screw shaft 3, the gearing for driving which will be easily
understood from Figure 3. The block S is to be fixed to the plate 1 by details
which are not shown, but which may be of any suitable known kind, or such as are
herein-after described with reference to other parts of the present Invention, and
whilst being fed along the top surface of the block is operated on by a barrel &
which is armed with cutters indicated by small circles, and which is fixed on a
horizontal shaft 5 carried in bearings in a bracket G. This bracket 6 is adjustable
vertically on a standard 7 by means of a screw spindle S, and the shaft 5 carried by
it has fast on it a bevil wheel 9, which is driven by a bevil pinion 10 fitted with a
feather and groove to admit of vertical adjustment on a vertical shaft 11, driven
by means of bevil wheels 12 from a second motion shaft 13. This second motion
shaft 13 also by spur wheels 14 drives a horizontal shaft 15, which by bevil
wheels 16 drives a vertical shaft 17 carrying a second barrel 18 armed with cutters.
The second cutter barrel 18 operates on the outer vertical face of the stone block S,
and its shaft 17 is carried in bearings in a bracket 19 fixed at the outer side of the
bed frame 2. When it is intended to operate on only one block S at a time the
second cutter barrel 18 may be arranged at the inner side of the bed frame 2, but
if it is arranged at the outer side, as shown, it may be availed of to operate on one
vertical face of a second block T, such block being fixed on a plate 20 fitted to
progress along a second bed frame 21 by means of a second screw shaft 22, which
inay be actuated from the same gearing as the other one 3. The cutter barrels 4,
18, may be built up in various forms as described in the Specifications of Letters
Patent, No. 2034, of 1871.
A modification of machinery for carrying out the second part of our Invention is
shown on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, Figure 4 being a plan of the bed
framing and part of the gearing; Figure 5, an end elevation; and Figure 6, a side
elevation. In this modification one stone block S is fixed (by means of screws or
wedges not shown) within a frame 23 on a plate or table 1 fitted with ribs on its
under side to run on grooved wheels 24 (Figure 6), carried in stationary bearings
on the side pieces 25 of a horizontal framing. The plate 1 is fed along by straps or
chains (not shown) connecting it to two pulleys 26 on a transverse horizontal
shaft 27, which has fast on it a worm wheel 28 to be driven by a worm on the first
notion shaft 29. A second motion shaft 13 driven from the first motion one by a
pinion and spur wheel has fast on it a disc and crank pin 30, which by a connecting
rod 31 gives a vibratory motion to a lever 32, the upper part of which is connected
by a link 33 to a horizontal bar 34, which as well as another 35 is fixed to an open
rectangular frame 36 holding the upper stone block U. The bars 34, 35, are fitted
to work horizontally through blocks 37, which can be adjusted vertically on
standards 38, one of the standards being shown separately and in side elevation in
Figure 7. The blocks 37 are shown as connected by chains to upper and lower
pulleys or barrels 39 which are held in any required positions by means of ratchet

page_text: wheels 40 and pawls. The first motion shaft 29 is provided with pulleys 41
(Figure 4) for open and crossed belts, and the motion is repeatedly reversed
(either by hand or by any suitable known automatic reversing gear), so as to cause
the bottom stone S to reciprocate slowly in one rectilinear direction, whilst the
upper stone U is made to reciprocate in a direction at right angles to the former
and more rapidly by means of the revolving disc and crank pin 30.
A second modification of machinery for carrying out the second part of our
Invention is shown in Figures 8, 9, 10, on Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings,
This modifi-
Figure 8 being a plan, and Figures 9 and 10 side and end elevations.
cation differs from the first only in slight changes of position of some of the parts,
and in their sizes or proportions; and the same description applies, excepting that
the shaft 27 for imparting a rectilinear reciprocating motion to the plate 1 is repre-
sented in Figure 10 as having on it a pinion 42 in gear with a rack fixed to the
under side of the plate 1; also, the guide standards (38) of the first modification are
dispensed with in the second.
A third modification is shown in Figures 11 to 15. Figure 11, on Sheet 3 of the
accompanying Drawings, is a plan of the bed frame of the machine; and Figures 12
to 15, which are on Sheet 4, are respectively a complete plan, an end elevation, a
side clevation, and a section of a detail. The lower stone S, or it might be a set of
stones, is fixed upon a table or carriage 1, which rests on rollers 24 within the bed
frame 25, and which is formed with side flanges to overlap the flanged or channel-
shaped top sides of the bed frame, so that the sand and water may pass from the
plate 1 down upon the channelled frame sides, and be thence led off by spouts at
the ends instead of being scattered about indescriminately. The upper stone or set
of stones U is held in a rectangular box or deep open frame 36, which is made with
planed strips on its sides and ends to fit and work vertically within an internally
planed frame 43, and this outer frame is formed with frame-shaped ends 45 fitted
with bearings, by which the piece is connected to cranks 46 on four vertical shafts
carried in bearings in frame pieces or standards 47, bolted on the suitably extended
ends of the bed frame 25. The shafts 48, 49, of two of the cranks 46, and one at
each end of the machine, are extended downwards, and have on their bottom ends
cranks 50 placed at right angles to the upper cranks 40, and these lower cranks 50
being connected by a rod 51, the simultaneous and uniform rotation of all the
cranks 46 is thereby secured. One, 48, of the elongated crank shafts has fast on it
a pulley 52 to receive a horizontal driving belt, and by a pinion 53 drives a spur
wheel 54 on another vertical shaft, whilst the wheel 51 has fast on it a crank pin
which is connected by a rod 55 to a pin fixed on the under side of the plate 1.
With these arrangements a rectilinear reciprocating motion is imparted to the
lower stone S, and a different motion is by the cranks 46 imparted to the upper
stone U, the combination of the two motions producing the desired polishing or
surfacing action on the two stones or sets of stones. The stone or set of stones U
is fixed in the frame 36 by pins 56 screwed through the sides and ends near tho
bottom of the frame, but we prefer that these pius 56 should not bear directly on
the stone, but have claw links 57, as shown in Figure 15, interposed between them
and the stone, such links being jointed to lugs at the top of the frame, and carrying
the weight of the stone.
Figures 16 to 22, on Sheet 5 of the accompanying Drawings, illustrate the third
part of our Invention. In all these Figures the cutters C are shown in holders H
of the kind for being fixed in saw discs, but they may of course be fixed in any
other suitable kind of holder. In Figures 17 and 22 the cutters C and holders H
are shown in front view, but the other Figures are sectional side views. The
cutters Care conical or conoidal externally, and may be either solid with flat fronts,
or they may have conical or concave cavities at the fronts; they are however made
without shanks, and by preference without holes through them, and are held in the
sockets formed for them in the holders H by bolts B fixed in or passed through the
holders below or to the sides of the cutters, each bolt B being formed with a claw

page_text: or hook catching upon or in the front of the cutter C. The bolt B may be held by
a spring 58, as shown in Figure 16, to admit of the cutter being easily changed; or
it may be held by a simple screw nut, as shown in Figure 18; or by a key or wedge,
as shown in Figure 19; or, again, the bolt may be split, as shown in Figure 20,
and be held by the friction due to the tendency of the split parts to open. When a
cutter C is used in such a way that only a small part of its cutting edge is worn at
once, it may be prevented from turning by making a number of cavities on its face,
as shown in Figures 21 and 22, the claw of the bolt B entering one of these at a
time; then when one part is worn a completely unworn part can be turned round
to the acting position.
Figures 23 to 32, on Sheet 5 of of the accompanying Drawings, illustrate the
fourth part of our Invention. The blank, which is a rod of malleable iron or steel,
is acted on by a conical-pointed punch, Figure 23, having been first inserted in a
trumpet-mouthed die, shown in section in Figure 24, a small conical cavity being
formed in its upper end, as shown in Figure 25. At the second operation the cutter
is struck against a fixed conical point, as will be understood from Figure 26, and at
the third operation it is acted on by a punch, Figure 27, and die, Figure 28, shaped
like the first, but larger, and is brought to the form shown in Figure 29. At the
fourth and final operation the cutter is acted on by a hollow angular-edged punch,
shown partly in section in Figure 30, the cutter being set with its conical end
downwards on a flat plate, Figure 31, and the punch cutting off the rough outer
rim, and forming a finished cutting edge, which produces a fine smooth face on
the stone, such as cannot be produced by the forged cutters hitherto used,
excepting when they are finished by the slow and expensive processes of turning
and boring. The finished cutter is shown in Figure 32. We prefer to make these
cutters of Swedish charcoal iron, and to temper them for use by means of prussiate
of potash, or other known equivalent means.
The word "stone" is herein-before frequently used by itself, but it is to be
understood that the various modifications of machinery are also suitable or can be
adapted for acting on slate, marble, or similar substances.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the
precise details herein described or delineated, but that what we believe to be novel
and original, and claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,
1. The arrangement or combination of parts constituting the machine herein-
before described with reference to Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
2. The combination in one machine of one or more horizontal barrels with one or
more vertical barrels, such barrels being armed with cutters, in the manner
described in the Specification of Letters Patent Number 203+, of 1871, or in an
analogous manner, and acting simultaneously on two or more faces of the block of
stone or other substance, as herein-before described.
3. The arrangements or combinations of parts constituting the machines herein-
before described with reference to Sheets 2, 3, and 4, of the accompanying Drawings,
and by which stones or similar substances are polished or surfaced by the action of
one block or set of blocks resting and rubbing upon another block or set of blocks,
whilst the two blocks or sets of blocks are made to reciprocate in different directions,
and so that the respective lines of motion are at right angles or oblique to each
other.
4. The shaping of cutters for operating on stone or similar substances, as herein
before described with reference to Figures 16 to 22 on Sheet 5 of the accompanying
Drawings.
5. The securing of cutters in their sockets in the holders by means of claw bolts,
applied as herein-before described with reference to Figures 16 to 22 on Sheet 5 of
the accompanying Drawings.
6. The forging and completely shaping of cutters for operating on stone or similar

page_text: substances, in the manner and by means of tools substantially such as are herein-
before described with reference to Figures 23 to 32 on Sheet 5 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Dunlop, on behalf of the said Archibald
Munro, Bain Munro, and myself, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-six.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
ANDREW DUNLOP. (L.S.)