Improvements in Machines for the Production of Wire Nails.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for the Production of Wire Nails.
We, JACOB WIKSCHTREM, Engineer, and PETER KRUTIKOW, Gentleman, both
of Bolschjaka Wasil Kowskaja 36, Kiew, in the Empire of Russia, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in machines for the production of wire
nails, more especially to the method of pointing the nails which in this machine
are first provided with heads and rendering it possible, contrary to the hitherto
employed method, to work without any waste or leavings. As known, the leavings
obtained by pointing nails with the hitherto used machines are worth a certain
amount, which is a consideration.
Whilst formerly the pointing was effected in only one operation it is done by
the present machine in two. First a cuneiform end is given to the nail which
is then compressed by a second operation to a four sided pyramid form. The
peculiar shaped knives receive for this purpose a double movement that is the
first movement the knives act one against the other whereby the cutting off and
forming of the cut end to the cunciform of the nail is obtained, the second move-
ment being in the same plane but rectangular to the former, whereby the forming
of the cuneiform end into a point is obtained having the form of a foursided
pyramid.
In the annexed drawing:-
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the improved machine.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section on the line A-A of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 (-) shows the form of the knives and their reciprocal position in the
different positions of work.
Fig. 4 is a section on the line B-B of Fig. 1 seen from the direction of the .
arrows I.
Fig. 5 is the same see from the direction of the arrows II.
On a ground plate 1 are mounted three short bearing plates 2 in which an
axle 3 is carried. 4 is a pulley by means of which the axle is put in motion;
against the pulley is a flywheel. A crank 5 is arranged between two disks carried
by the axle and is connected by means of a connecting arm 7 with a piece 6
moving in guides and operating as a hammer. At the end of the axle opposite
to the pulley 4 a wheel 8 is arranged carrying an eccentrically placed pin 9. The
same is connected by a rod 10 to a sliding carriage 11 working in guides. This
sliding carriage carries a gripping device 12 working like pliers which, when
the sliding carriage advances, grips the wire guided by the rollers 13 and draws
the same with it, whilst in its backward movement it slides upon the wire with-
out gripping it. The construction of the gripper can be as shown in Figs. 1 and
2 or it may have any other suitable form.
After the wire has been drawn forward for a certain distance it is caught
between a stationary cheek 14, and a movable cheek 15 and held fast there so
[Price 8d.1

page_text: that the hammer 6 coming down, can form the head. The one end of the boring
holding the wire can be conically formed or it may have a larger diameter for
forming a flat head.
The movable cheek 15 is moved into engagement and respectively out of en-
gagement by a lever 16, turning on a crank 17 its opposite end provided with a
roller which bears on the face of a disk 18, seated on the axle 3 and provided
on its face with a projection 19. When this projection comes under the roller,
the movable cheek 15 is moved towards the stationary cheek 14 and thereby the
wire is held fast. The projection 19 extends for nearly half the circumference
of the disk 18 as the cheeks 14 and 15 must remain closed during the backward
movement of the griper. A piece 20 connects the lever 16 in such a manner with
the movable cheek 15 that the latter must follow the movement of the lever.
Immediately above the cheeks 14 and 15 which serve as an anvil there are
arranged the knives 21 and 22 which effect the pointing of the wire piece after
it has been provided with the head.
:
For this purpose the knives are arranged respectively in sliding carriages 23
and 24, guided by means of dove tails in a groove of a piece screwed on the
ground plate. A strong spring 25 tends to hold the sliding carriages as far apart
from one another as is possible. Against the outer walls of the sliding carriages
the short lever arms of two two-armed levers, 28 and 29 bear. These levers are
pivoted at 26 and 27. The other ends of the same are provided with rollers which
revolve on the faces of the disks 31 provided respectively with projections 30.
The projections 30 are symmetrically arranged one with regard to the other, and
have each exactly the same form, the sliding carriages 21 and 22 have therefor
exactly uniform movements. An especial feature of the machine is that the
knives have a peculiar form and that they have beside the movement one towards
the other also a second movement in the length direction of their edges but in
opposite directions, whereby the foursided point is formed without loss of material.
The knives 21 and 22 are for this purpose not joined directly to the sliding
carriages 23 and 24, but secured in other sliding carriages 32 and 33 which are
movable in the former and in a rectangular direction to the movements of the
same.
These carriages 32 and 33 are actuated by the following mechanism:-On the
circumference of the disk 31 is a projection 34. The one end of a two-armed
lever 35 pivoted on a pin 36 arranged in the frame is provided with a roller turn-
ing on the circumference of the disk 31 and held in continual contact therewith
by a spring 37. The other end of the lever 35 grasps behind a tangential
shoulder 38 of a disk 39 which turns on a pin 40. The disk 39 carries on its
surface two shoulders 41 and 42 which work in a suitable manner into the sliding
carriages 32 and 33 being joined directly with the knives. If now the disk 39
is turned, the knives 21 and 22 respectively the sliding carriages 32 and 33
of the same, must follow their movement executed by the shoulders 41 and 42
whereby the cuneiform wire end is shaped to a foursided pyramid. Of course the
knives 21 and 22 are held for such time together by the projections 30 until they
have executed the second movement and thereby formed the point.. The knives 21
and 22 have the form shown in Fig. 3. Their edges 48 directed one towards
the other are toward the side of the hammer, chamfered to an angle forming
surfaces 45 suitable to the form of the point. Each knife has on one end a pro-
jecting shoulder 47, the edge 46 of which directed towards the front is chamfered
in the opposite sense to the surface 45 so that an edge (48) as illustrated, is
obtained. The surface 49 directed at 47 towards 45 is also inclined at a certain
angle towards the normal line. The manner in which the point of the nail is
formed can be seen clearly in Fig. 3-0. Fig. 3 shows the knives in their
original position. They move in the direction of the arrows one towards the
other and their sharp edges 48 cut the wire whilst giving the piece to form the
nail a cuneiform point (Fig. 3°) by the surfaces 45. If the knives are now moved

page_text: one against the other in the direction of the arrows (Fig. 3) into the position
shown by Fig. 3º the small surfaces 49 and the sharp edge 48 (at the point of the
shoulder) mould the wedge shaped end of the nail formed by the first movement
of the knives into the form of a foursided pyramid whereupon the knives return
again into their original position.
In order to prevent the nail from shifting out during the second operation,
the surfaces 45 are preferably provided with file-cuts parallel to the edges 48.
At a short distance in front of the knives two elastic plates 50 and 51 of thin
metal or the like are arranged on the knife sliding carriages, which grasp the
nail between them and hold it until the operation of the pointing is finished. In
order that the finished nail is safely removed, the following striking mechanism
is provided.
On the circumference of the disk 8 is a piece or projection 52 which pushes
against the one arm of a double armed pivoted lever 53 the other arm of which
is curved and strikes between the cheeks 50 and 51 at the moment the nail
is finished.
Of course the parts submitted to wear, as for instance, the cheeks of the anvil,"
the knives, and so on, are arranged so as to be adjustable. Moreover arrange-
ments are provided which allow their displacement in order for instance to pro-
duce longer or shorter nails etc. But these arrangements not differing from the
known devices of the kind are not herein described.
The forming of the head of the nail can also be effected in another than the
described manner for instance, a hammer can be used operated by a spring.
The working of the machine comprises the following operations:-
1. The forming of the head by the hammer actuated from the crank shaft,
from the material in front of (with regard to the movement of the wire) cheeks
of the anvil.
2. Opening of the cheeks 14 and 15.
3. Movement of the wire, straightened by the rollers 13 for a distance equal
to the diameter of the circumferential movement of the pin 9.
4. Movement of the gripping cheeks 14 and 15 one towards the other.
5. Movement of the knife carriages 23 and 24 one towards the other as indi-
cated in Fig. 3^.
6. Movement of the knife carriages 32 and 33 in the length direction of the
knife edges 48 and in an opposite sense to one another as indicated in Fig. 3º.
7. Return movement of the knives and knife carriages under the influence
of the springs 25 43 and 44 and the simultaneous striking movement of the
lever 53 for the purpose of removing the finished nail and the return of the
lever 53 into its original position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim
is:-
1. In an improved machine for producing wire nails the arrangement for first
moving the specially formed knives for pointing the nail, first provided with a
head, one against the other and thereupon giving the knives an opposite move-
ment in the length direction of their edges, leaving thereby no residue of material,
the wire being cut by the first movement and its end is pointed to a wedge shape
whilst by the second movement of the knives the wedge shaped end is com-
pressed to the form of a foursided pyramid.
2. A knife actuating movement as in Claim 1 in which projections arranged
at the sides of crank disks move by means of two-armed levers the knife sliding
carriages one against the other and a third lever moved by a projection on the
circumference of a crank disk, give the knives movement in the direction of their
edges.
3. In a machine as in Claim 1 the arrangement of a couple of knives whose

page_text: edges directed one against the other are on one side chamfered so that their
surfaces after the second movement before described form a foursided pyramidal
space.
Dated this 27th day of January 1899.
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicants,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.