An Improved Self-sustaining Gear for Hoisting, Lifting, or Winding Machinery.
Year: 1894

page_text: .Date of Application, 15th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 15th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Self-sustaining Gear for Hoisting, Lifting, or Winding
Machinery.
FREDERIC JAMES EASTMEAD of 6 Wolseley Road, South Shore, Blackpool
Hydraulic Engineer, and ARTHUR MARSHALL HUNT of 178 Stapleton Road,
Bristol, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists of an arrangement to be used as part of a hoisting,
lifting, or similar machine, & is for the purpose of preventing the load or weight
from rotating the driving shaft, or in other words from driving the machine
backwards.
It consists of several parts, as follows ;-
A. A shaft, through which the driving or lifting force is applied in any desirable
way, having upon it a stop, key or feather.
B. A wheel, pinion, barrel, or similar part, loose upon this shaft, which wheel is
the part through which the power has to pass to move the load. This part B has
upon one side or face an annular projection concentric with the shaft and which is
cut away in an axial direction in such a manner as to form two portions each in
the shape of a letter V the apices of which are situate diametrically opposite one
another. Upon the other side or face there are cut one or more concentric grooves
and projections. These grooves are so placed and of such a form as to engage or
fit into similar projections or grooves upon a fixed part D and form together a
brake to prevent rotation. There is also a feather-way cut in B, to suit the
feather on shaft A in such a manner as to allow a movement of nearly quarter
of a revolution of A (or more or less if desirable) before the feather engages or
drives B.
This
C. A collar or disc also loose upon the shaft and having a feather way cut in a
similar manner to that in part B and engaging with the same feather on A.
disc C has upou one side or face an annular projection exactly like that on B, so
that the Vee portions match or fit into one another when the two are placed side by
side on the shaft. The two feather ways are also so placed that when the feather
engages or rotates them, either in one direction or the other, the Vee portions fit
closely into one another. On the other side or face of C there are one or
more circular grooves and projections similar to those on B which engage or fit into
other projections and grooves upon a plate E.
D. A fixed brake plate through the centre of which the shaft A passes and which
form a bearing for the shaft to revolve in. This part D has grooves on its face
may
as already described.
E. A check plate through the centre of which the shaft passes freely and which
has grooves upon its face as already described. This plate must be prevented
from rotating by any suitable means.
.
The parts D B C and E are kept together on the shaft (D being a fixture or
bearing) by means of adjustable tension bolts that are attached to the outside
diameter of Dand pass outside B and C to the check plate E, so preventing axial
movement of either of the parts except to a very small extent.
The action of this invention is as follows, when the driving shaft A is revolved
it turns freely until the feather engages with B and C when both move round

page_text: together with the shaft and B moves the load through other suitable and usual
gear. Now if the shaft is stopped revolving and the load endeavours to run back
or drive the shaft in the reverse direction, directly the part B commences to turn
it carries the shaft back with it a little way, but the part C is left behind (owing
to the feather ways allowing movement of a quarter revolution) and the consequence
is that the portions on B and C no longer fit but endeavour to move or ride on
one anothers inclined surfaces and so force themselves apart, but as they cannot do
this to any extent in consequence of the tension bolts holding the parts together,
the grooves and projections on. B. and D. and also on. C and E are forced together
tightly and D being fixed B is prevented from revolving and the load is held.
Now if it is desired to lower or move the load in the same direction as it tends to
run back, it is only necessary to. turn the shaft in that direction. When this is
done the feather on A first engages with the part Caud moving it round releases
the pressure between the surfaces by allowing the, Vees to again fit close together.
Directly this occurs the part B is free to revolve and, the load moves it. If
however it tends to move faster than the shaft A is revolved it immediately locks
itself by forcing the grooves into one another as before. The shaft can be rotated
in either direction against or with a load, the same action occurring; when the shaft
is turned the brake action of the grooves is released and when the pinion (or like
part) tries to revolve, and drive the shaft, it is immediately looked by the separation
of the Vees and tightening of the grooves.
If desired the grooves on C and E may be dispensed with, other suitable surfaces
being used instead. Also one or more springs can be inserted between 'B and C to
force them apart.
This invention can also be made in a form practically the reverse of the
foregoing, the grooved discs being drawn together instead of being forced apart
and the parts they engage with being in compression instead of tension.
In this case the moving parts B and C are placed at opposite ends of a fixed
casing or cylinder G, which, represents, the parts D and E in the first form; the
grooves, on B and C being so arranged that they grip the ends of this cylinder G
when, they are drawn together. This drawing together is done by means of
extended portions of B and C. contained within the cylinder G. but not connected
to it, having slots cut in one of these portions, whilst on the other are fixed pins
which engage with the slots. The form of these slots being similar in plan to
the Vee shaped projections in the first case, but arranged so as to draw the parts
together when in action instead of forcing them apart.
Instead of grooves and projections for the frictional surfaces other suitable
forms of surface or frictional clutches may be used to give the necessary brake
power.
i
Dated this 14th-day of May 1894.
An Improved Self-sustaining Gear for Hoisting, Lifting; or Winding
Machinery.
FREDERIC JAMES EASTMEAD (late of Blackpool) Albany Buildings, 39 Victoria
Street Westminster London S.W., Engineer, and ARTHUR MARSHALL HUNT
178 Stapleton Road Bristol Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner-the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of an arrangement to be used as part of a hoist lifting
:

page_text: or similar machine and is for the purpose of preventing the load or weight from
running down and so rotating the driving shaft, or in other words, from driving the
machine backwards..
It consists of several parts as follows:
A. A shaft through which the driving or lifting force is applied in any desirable
way having upon it a stop, key, or feather H.
B. A wheel, pinion, barrel or similar part, loose upon this shaft, which wheel is
the part through which the power has to pass to move the load. This part B has
upon one side or face an annular projection concentric with the shaft and which
is out away in an axial direction in such a manner as to form two portions
each, in the shape of a letter V the apices of which are situate. diametrically
opposite, one another. Upon the other side or face there are cut one or more
concentric grooves and projections. These grooves are so placed and of such a
form, as to engage or fit into similar projections or grooves upon a fixed part D
and form together, a..brake to prevent rotation. There is also a feather way cut
in B to suit the feather on shaft A in such a manner as to allow a movement.of
nearly quarter of a revolution of A (or more or less if desirable) before the feather
engages or drives B...
C. A collar or disc, also loose upon the shaft and having a feather way cut in a
similar manner.to that in part B and engaging with the same feather on A. This
disc has upon one side or face an annular projection exactly like that on B so
that the Vee portions match or fit into one another when the two are placed side by
side on the shaft. The two feather ways are also so placed that when the feather
engages or rotates them both, either in one direction or the other, the Vee portions
fit closely into one another. On the other side or face of C there are one or more
circular grooves or projections similar to those on B which engage or fit into other
projections and grooves upon a plate E.
D. A fixed brake plate through the centre of which the shaft A passes and which
may form a bearing for the shaft to revolve in. This part D has grooves on its
face as already described..
E. A check plate through the centre of which the shaft passes freely and which
has grooves upon its face as already described. This plate must be prevented from
rotating by any suitable means.
The parts ECB and D are kept together on the shaft by means of adjustable
tension bolts that are attached to the outside diameter of Dand pass outside B and C
to the check plate E, so preventing axial movement of either of the parts except to
a very small extent.
The action of this invention is as follows, When the driving shaft A is revolved
it turns freely until the feather engages with B and C when both move round
together with the shaft, and B moves the load through other suitable and usual
gear. Now if the shaft is stopped revolving and the load endeavours to run back
or drive the shaft in the reverse direction, directly the part B commences to turn it
carries the shaft back with it a little way, but the part C is left behind (owing to the
feather ways allowing relative movement between B and C) and the consequence is
that the portions on B and C no longer fit but endeavour to move or ride on one
another's inclined surfaces and so force themselves apart, but as they cannot do this
to any extent in consequence of the tension bolts holding the parts together, the
grooves and projections on B and D and also on C and E are forced together
tightly and D being fixed B is prevented from revolving and the load is held.
Now if it is desired to lower or move the load in the same direction as it tends to
run back, it is only necessary to turn the shaft in that direction. When this is
done, the feather on A first engages with the part C and moving it round releases the
pressure between the surfaces by allowing the Vees to fit closer together. 'Directly
this occurs the part B is free to revolve and the load moves it. If however it
tends to move faster than the shaft A is revolved, it immediately locks itself by
forcing the grooves and projections into one another as before. The shaft can be

page_text: rotated in either direction against or with a load; the saine action occurring;
when the shaft is turned the brake action of the grooves is released, and when the
pinion (or like part) tries to revolve and drive the shaft, it is immediately locked
by the separation of the Vees and tightening of the grooves. If desired the grooves
on C and E may be dispensed with other suitable surfaces being used instead. Also
one or more springs can be inserted between B and C to force them apart, or a
spring may be so fixed as to check or retard the revolving of the part C.
This invention can also be made in a form practically the reverse of the foregoing
the grooved discs being drawn together instead of being forced apart, and the parts
they engage with being in compression instead of tension.
In this case the moving parts B and C are placed at opposite ends of a fixed
casing or cylinder G; which represents the parts D and E in the first form, the
grooves on B and C being so arranged that they grip the ends of this cylinder G
when they are drawn together. This drawing together is done by means of extended
portions of B and C contained within the cylinder G, but not connected to it, having
slots cut in one of these portions, whilst on the other are fixed pins which engage
with these slots.
The form of these slots being similar in plan to the Vee shaped projections in
the first case, but arranged so as to draw the parts together when in action instead
of forcing them apart. Instead of grooves and projections for the brake surfaces
other suitable forms of surface or frictional clutches may be used to give the
necessary brake power.
In another form of this invention either (or both) of the fixed plates D and E has
on it a cylindrical casing, extending over the parts B C, and by means of which D
and E may be fastened together.
12
This cylindrical casing is provided with flanges and a screw as shewn on Figure VI
by means of which the relative positions of D and E may be altered, either being
drawn together or opened out.
This casing is made oil tight and is filled with oil up to the level of the bearing
where the neck of B carrying the pinion or barrel passes through D.
The oil is therefore unable to leak out through the bearings, and suitable
ribs c, c, are attached to the parts B and C, which when rotating lift the oil so
that it can run down into suitable holes and channels, which convey it to the
working surfaces.
The accompanying drawings further describe and explain this invention ;- the
letters on the figures are the same as those given in the foregoing description, and
refer to the parts described, so that the construction of the various parts can be
easily followed.
Fig. I is a plan of the gear showing the first described arrangement where the
parts D and E are kept together by tension bolts. The power applied through
the shaft A and the load through the part B which in this case represents a wheel
which may carry a chain or rope.
Fig. I is an elevation of the same arrangement.
Fig. III is a section taken through a b in Fig. II.
Fig. IV and V represent the arrangement of gear in which the parts B
and tend to close in and grip the part G (which is fixed & prevented from
rotating). This is the reverse of that shown in Figs. I to III where the action is
outwards.
Fig. IV is a sectional plan, whilst Fig. V is an elevation with the part G cut
away to show the Vee slots & pins described before.
Fig. VI is a sectional elevation of the gear with the oil tight cylindrical casing
and and ribs c, c.
Fig. VII and VIII are respectively end and side elevations of an application
of this improved gear to a hand hoist; the power for raising the load is applied
by means of an endless rope on the grooved wheel, this turns the shaft A and that
again the pinion B which turns the spur wheel L on the barrel shaft, the revolving

page_text: of the barrel winds up the chain and so raises the ad. If the load overcomes the
power the pinion B is revolved backwards when the gear comes into action as
described before and the load is held.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is.
1. The general arrangement and construction of self sustaining gear and devices
for preventing a load from running down as set forth in this Specification and
shown in the accompanying drawings, Figs. I to VIII.
2. The combination of the inclined surfaces or Vee shaped projections (or
pins and Vee slots) on the parts B and C with the particular arrangement of
feather (or feathers) and featherways which cause the outward movement in the case
as shown in Figs. I to III and the inward movement in Figs. IV and V.
3. A self sustaining gear or device provided with Vee shaped surfaces, feather
(or feathers) and featherways brake grooves and tension bolts.
4. A self-sustaining gear provided with Vee shaped surfaces feather (or
feathers) featherways brake grooves and an outer casing connecting the fixed
brake grooves.
5. The combination of Vee shaped surfaces feather (or feathers) featherways
and a closed outer casing containing oil and also ribs on the parts B and C to lift
and properly distribute the oil.
Darcu may of repruary 0.
F. J. EASTMEAD.
A. MARSHALL HUNT.
F. J. EASTMEAD.
A. MARSHALL HUNT.