An Improved Inlet Ventilator.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Inlet Ventilator.
I, JOIN JAMES CRESSWELL, 77, Victoria Street, Great Grimsby, Architect and
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The inward current of air by which it is desired to ventilate any apartment,
and which may be produced by any suitable means, is made to pass over a screwed
or inclined surface or surfaces or through an inclined orifice or orifices within some
portion of the channel conducting the said current of air, in such a manner as that
the said current or column of air is made to revolve on its axis and enter the
apartment with a rotatory forward motion. The drawings accompanying this speci-
fication shew some of the ways in which this principle may be adapted. The said
drawings in each case shew the air discharging upward into the apartment, but
it may be discharged in any direction desired. The air passage is shewn as cylin-
drical, but it may be conical, or of any other shape.
Figures 1, 3, 5, and 7 are vertical sections of ventilators on the principle above
described, Figures 2, 4, 6, and 8 are plans of each form of ventilator respectively,
and refer to the figures immediately above each of them. The sections in each case
are taken on the line a-b marked on the plans, the plans are taken above the top
of the ventilators.
In Figures 1 and 2 the air entering from below is made to impinge on a screwed
surface within the channel: Figures 3 and 4 are similar, the air entering from
the side instead of from below. In Figures 5 and 6, 7 and 8 the air is deflected
and made to rotate within the channel by impinging on a number, in this case four,
inclined planes pointing in the same direction round the inside of the air-channel.
These may either be fixed, or be made to close at will for the purpose of reducing
or cutting off the current of air. Their position if fixed, or when open in case they
are made movable is shewn on Figures 5 and 6. Figures 7 and 8 shew them as
revolving on horizontal axes and in the act of closing; when closed all will lie
horizontally and closely overlapping each other: the axes are in the lines a-b
and cd, Figure 8.
The arrows in all the figures shew the direction of the current of air. A con-
trolling valve of any kind may be added to any such ventilator as above described,
for regulating the admission of air.
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page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
I desire to adopt the drawings (one sheet) accompanying my Provisional Speci-
fication as one of the drawings for this specification, the drawings accompanying
this specification to be considered as being in continuation of and as further illus-
trating the matters shewn on the drawing accompanying the Provisional Speci-
fication and described in this specification.
The current of air which is introduced into any space or apartment for the pur-
pose of ventilation (which current may be produced by any means natural or
artificial, as by the action of the wind, fans or blowers, exhaustion of the air of the
space or apartment by chimneys or other flues, or by any other method) is made
to pass over a screwed or inclined surface or surfaces, or through an inclined or
screwed passage or passages whose direction is inclined to or winds round the axis
of the channel through which such current of air is conducted, such surfaces or
passages being in some part of such channel, preferably at or near the point of
discharge into the space or apartment, in such a manner as that the said current
has a spiral forward movement on entering the space or apartment to be ventilated.
The drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification shew the air (whose
direction is indicated by arrows) discharging upward into the space or apartment,
but it may be discharged in any direction desired, as downwards, sideways, or at
any degree of inclination. That part of the air channel containing the surfaces or
passages above-named is shewn on all the drawings submitted herewith and also
with the Provisional Specification as being cylindrical, but it may be conical, or
a compound of cylindrical and conical, or of any other shape, but preferably of a
circular shape in a section taken at right angles to its axis. It may also be open
to the apartment at one end only as shewn on the drawings accompanying the
Provisional Specification, or at two ends, the air being supplied in the middle,
or it may have two or more branches or divisions.
Figures 1, 3, 5, and 7 are vertical sections taken on the axis of inlet ventilators
such as are above generally described, and whose discharge is vertically upwards.
Figures 2, 4, 6, and 8 are plans of each form of ventilator respectively shewn above
each several plan; the plans are taken as looking downwards on the top of each
ventilator; the sections are taken on the lines ab on the plans.
In Figures 1 and 2, 3 and 4, the air entering from below is made to rotate or
advance spirally by impinging on a screwed or spiral surface within the conduct-
ing channel immediately or at a short distance below the point of discharge. In
Figures 3 and 4 the air enters from the side instead of directly from below. In
both these cases one continuous spiral surface is shewn taking one complete turn
and a half; but any number of such surfaces with any amount of turn or twist
in each may be used; for instance in Figures and 10 are shewn an isometrical
projection and a plan respectively of a similar arrangement to a larger scale, having
four spiral surfaces each making a half turn. The spirals may be either right or
left-handed being shewn in two different ways on the two sheets; the whole or
only a part of the channel as seen on the plan may be covered by the spiral sur-
face; for instance the central part of the channel in the Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 9 and 10
is.shewn as open, the spiral occupying the part next the circumference. The cen-
tral open space above named, marked S on Figures 9 and 10 may be occupied by
a tube or channel conducting air or other vapor, such as steam, odorous or disin-
fecting vapors or fluids, &c., which will mingle with and be dispersed by the
incoming spirally moving current of air.
In Figures 5 and 6, 11 and 12 the advancing current or column of air is made to
rotate by impinging on a number of (in this case four) fixed inclined surfaces
pointing in the same direction round the axis of the air-channel. The shape
and size of the inclined planes shewn in Figures 11 and 12 is such that as seen
on plan each one covers one half of the channel; and taken together they entirely
cover it, and further each one overlaps one half of the inclined plane next to it:
for instance the plane c f g in Figures 11 and 12 is visible on the plan from e tò f,

page_text: but from f to g it is covered by a portion of the inclined plane hik and so with the
others. The result of this arrangement is that the edges eg, hk, and so on, all
meet and cross at one common point in the centre of the channel. Any or all of
the inclined planes may however be of less area than is above described; for
instance afg may be made more narrow by cutting off a portion of the edge as
shewn by the dotted line Im, and so with the others, in which case the inner edges
would not meet at one common point, but would leave a central space; such a
case is shewn in Figures 5 and 6. There may also be less overlap of one plane over
another, as would be the case if the planes or any of them were cut off as is
shewn by the dotted line no on ef g, Figures 11 and 12. Or the inclined planes
may be reduced in both the ways above named, or in any other way. With the
arrangement shewn in Figures 11 and 12 the space or passage of between of g
and hik and the other passages corresponding thereto will be triangular; any
form of plane or curved surface may however be used as the boundaries of such
passage, and such space or passage may be of any shape. When the shape and
size of the inclined planes are such as to leave a central space as shewn on Figures 5
and 6, such passage may be used for the introduction to and admixture with the
air current of other air or vapor, as above described.
Figures 7 and 8, 13 and 14 shew an arrangement of inclined planes and passages
between them similar to that described in the foregoing paragraph, with this
difference, namely that the inclined planes turn on horizontal axes for the purpose
of closing the air passages between them to any required degree. Figure 13 partly
resembles Figure 11, and so far as it corresponds therewith it is similarly lettered;
in Figure 13 one of the horizontal axes is at fo, and by the revolution of ef y on
that axis it is brought to a horizontal position or declined therefrom. If all the
planes were made to lie horizontally they would closely overlap, and the pas-
sage o hf and the others corresponding thereto would be closed; if they were sloped
more or less, the said passages would be more or less open. To make the comparison
between Figures 11 and 13 more easy to follow, the inclined planes in Figure 13
are drawn of the same size as those in Figure 11; however to enable them to lie
horizontally within a cylindrical channel it would be necessary to remove a portion
of their curved edges as at tt, so that such edges should be arcs of circles of the
same radius as the cylinder containing them. A method by which the planes or
valves ef g, hik, etc. may be opened or closed is shewn in Figures 13 and 14. A
moveable rod or link P is attached to the lower corner of each of the said valves
by one end, and by the other to a ring rotating within the cylindrical air channel.
The rods Pare a little longer than the distance between the ring 7 and the axis fo;
in the position of the ring shewn in Figure 13 the valves would be open; if the
ring were rotated in the direction shewn by the arrow (by means of a knob r for
assumed a
instance projecting outside the cylindrical channel) until the links
vertical position or as nearly so as their length would allow, the valves would then
be horizontal thereby closing the air passages, as above described. Figure 14
shews the valves partly closed by the above method.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The construction of inlet ventilators having in some part of the air channel
within them a screwed or inclined plane or curved surface or surfaces arranged on
one side of or partly or entirely round the axis of such air channel, so that the air
passing along such channel shall impinge on such surfaces and thereby acquire a
rotary forward motion before such air is discharged from the ventilators.
2. The formation within some part of the air channel of inlet ventilators of
one or more passages or orifices for the air passing along such channel, such pas-
sages or orifices all pointing in the same circular direction round the axis of the
channel, and also pointing in the direction of the air current for the purpose of
causing a rotary forward motion of the air as above mentioned.

page_text: 3. The formation and construction within some part of the air channel of inlet
ventilators of movable flaps or valves turning on axes and opening in the same
circular direction round the axis of the air channel, with the object of causing the
air to pass obliquely through or between such flaps or valves, and thereby to
acquire a rotary forward motion as above mentioned, and also of controlling the
amount of air passing by opening or closing such valves.
4. The formation within the central part or on the axis of inlet ventilators formed
for the purpose of giving to the air discharged from them a rotary forward motion
of an internal space channel or conduit for the supply to and admixture with the
rotating air-current of other air or vapour.
Dated this 10th day of October 1898.