Improvements in Machines or Apparatus employed in the Manufacture of Waterproofed Felt.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Machines or Apparatus employed in the Manufacture
of Waterproofed Felt.
We, JOHN ERSKINE, of Whitehouse, Belfast, County Down, Ireland, Flax
Spinner, and THOMAS MORLEY ERSKINE, of Belfast Royal Academical Institute,
Belfast aforesaid, Student, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus designed to facilitate and
improve the manufacture of waterproof felt made from rough paper or other
fibrous pulp and such as is employed for roofing and building purposes and for
covering temporary buildings. Heretofore in the manufacture of waterproofed
felt the material to be operated upon has been wound on a reel or reels caused to
revolve in a tank containing the waterproofing solution. Owing to the construc-
tion of the reels the waterproofed material was creased and marked with a fluted
surface. The object of this invention is to obviate these defects and produce a
better finished article with less waste, and when completed to form the felt into
rolls with ease and facility.
According to this invention the centre of the reel upon which the material is
wound is circular or in the form of a disc on a shaft or axis, and the end of the
material is attached to such disc or barrel by a bar or rod which may be sunk
and fastened in a groove or hollow therein and the material is wound on a smooth
and even surface.
For pressing the material and in order to ensure regularity of quality and
prevent waste we employ rollers heated by steam or water itself being heated
by the fire underneath the solution tank.
To prevent extraneous matter passing between the pressing rollers and conse-
quently damaging the felt we employ a "doctor" or scraper passing across the
sheet before it enters the pressing rollers and the matter removed falls into the
tank.
For making the finished felt into the form of rolls we employ one or two
rollers driven so as to give surface contact with the roll as it is being formed, or
the shaft on which the roll of felt is formed may be driven by a differential
motion having expanding or taper cones, or a friction plate or plates may be
employed.

page_text: Improvements in Machines or Apparatus employed in the Manufacture
of Waterproofed Felt.
...1
We, JOHN ERSKINE, of Whitehouse, Belfast, Ireland, Flax Spinner, and
THOMAS MORLEY ERSKINE, of Belfast Royal Academical Institute, Belfast afore-
said, Student, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus designed to facilitate and
improve the manufacture of waterproofed felt made from rough paper or other
fibrous pulp and such as is employed for roofing and building purposes and for
covering temporary buildings.
Heretofore in the manufacture of waterproofed felt the material to be operated
upon has been wound on a reel or reels caused to revolve in a tank containing
the waterproofing solution. Owing to the construction of the reels the water-
proofed material was creased and marked with a fluted surface. The object of
this invention is to obviate these defects and produce a better finished article
with less waste, and when completed to form the felt into rolls with ease and
facility.
Such being the nature and object of our said invention, the following is a
complete description of same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,
in which
Fig. is an end elevation, partly in section, of the improved machine for
purpose aforesaid.
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of part of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a sectional front elevation of the heated rollers or callenders.
Fig. is an end view of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a view of the inproved reel and means for attaching the material
thereto.
Fig. 6 is an end sectional view of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is an end sectional view of a modified form of reel.
According to this invention at A A are the heated rollers or callenders which
are heated by means of hot water or steam admitted to the interior and exhausted
by pipes and stuffing boxes B, B, in the ends of the axles. C is a grooved driving
pulley for driving the expanding cones D I), and through the cone' pinion Fand
driving wheel E communicating motion to the rolling bobbin S on which the
finished material is to be wound. A' is a bracket in which the 66 doctor"
"
or
scrapers B are held, such doctor or scrapers extending across the machine
from side to side are supported in a like bracket at the other side and passing
across the width of the sheet under operation prevent extraneous matter passing
between the heated rollers or callenders A A and consequently damaging the
felt. M is an eccentric stud wheel in gear with and driven by the wheel N and
to such wheel is eccentrically attached the link M the other end of which is
attached to the catch lever K mounted and free to rock on the stud K so that
at each revolution of the wheel M an oscillating motion is given to the catch
lever K and the catch or pawl on same operates the ratchet wheel 1 and turns
the latter. On the shaft of the ratchet wheel I is the pinion H which gears
with the teeth in the quadrant lever G an arm of which carries the expanding
cones D D. Q is a bevelled or inclined sword for closing the cones I D by
acting on the spindle R and L is a counterbalance weight which is attached to
the lower end of the arm G which carries the cones D D.

page_text: The reel S upon which the material under operation is wound consists of a
flanged roller (see Figs. 5, 6 and 7) having a longitudinal groove or hollow in
it and the end of the material is attached to the roller by being placed in the
groove W and fastened therein by means of the rod or roller B being placed
therein, the ends of such rod B being received in holes in the flanges of the
reel S. Instead of the reel S being made as in Fig. 6 the barrel portion may
be made of laths or strips of wood the ends of which are fixed in the end flanges
of the reel (see Fig. 7).
The action is as follows:-The material to be waterproofed is wound on a reel
or beam and placed in the tank X containing the waterproofing solution and the
material passes in the direction indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 over the
* doctor"
or scrapers B between the heated pressing rollers or callenders A A
to the reel S on which it is wound. The taking up reel S is driven at a
gradually decreasing speed as the diameter of the roll of material thereon
increases, this decrease of speed being obtained by the driving cones D D the
diameter of which is gradually increased as the quadrant G is moved by the
pinion H. The quadrant G when moved rocks on its fulcrum F and the
spindle R is slided along the inclined sword or wedge Q and the cones D D
are thereby gradually forced together.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:
(1) The general construction, arrangement, and combination of parts consti-
tuting the improved machine as and for the purpose herein described and sub-
stantially as illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the annexed drawings.
(2) The reel S having the longitudinal groove or hollow W and the rod or
roller B in combination with a machine or apparatus employed in the manu-
facture of waterproofed felt as and for the purpose herein described and substan-
tially as illustrated by the annexed drawings.
(3) In machines or apparatus for the purpose herein described the improved
reel S as herein described combined with mechanism. for driving at a varying
speed as and for the purpose herein described and substantially as illustrated by
the annexed drawings.
.
Dated this 18th day of Anril 1000.