Improvements in and connected with Calculating Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 19th Aug., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Calculating Machines.
I, JAMES YATE JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which has been com-
municated to me from abroad by the Universal Calculator Company, a Corporation
organised under the laws of the State of Illinois, United States of America, and
having its principal place of business at Chicago in said State,) and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to calculating machines, or apparatus for performing
mechanically the ordinary arithmetical operations of addition, subtraction, multipli-
cation and division.
The prime object of the invention is to produce a calculating machine of com-
paratively simple construction, which can be inanipulated without great difficulty and
with a minimum liability of error.
Calculating machines as hitherto constructed contain a large number of keys, with
the operation of which the user must thoroughly familiarize himself. Usually there
are ten keys to each indicator or figure wheel, so that in a machine designed to deal
with and exhibit numbers of six places there would be sixty keys. Each added key
increases largely the chances of error beside rendering rapid work impossible.
With the view of simplifying the machinery and the manipulations to be learned
by the operator, the operation of the indicator or figure wheels, irrespective of the
number is effected according to this invention by ten keys only.
Attempt has heretofore been made to construct a ten-key machine; but a machine
constructed according to this invention differs in principle from the construction
heretofore proposed, and mainly in that a number is set up on the registering devices
in its true digital order, beginning with the highest or left hand figure.
The ten keys above referred to, which may be called "figure-keys," comprise one
for the zero (0) and one for each of the nine digits. They include only the keys by
which the registering devices are actuated and are, of course, exclusive of special
keys for different purposes. For example, the machine herein described has a multi-
plication and division key and a shift key, but in case it is desired to construct only
an "adding-machine" these keys and their connections may be dispensed with.
The particular mechanism in which these broad features of the invention are
embodied are, of course, susceptible of modification, and may take many different
forms. Hereinafter is described and claimed the best means now known of carrying
out the principle of the said invention.
In this machine the registering devices are in the form of bars, herein termed
"register-bars," these bars being brought successively under the control of the keys.
The number of bars will vary according to the capacity of machine desired, there
being one bar for each figure in the largest number which the machine is designed
to register. The term "register-bars" is used generically to include devices other
than bars which are capable of performing the same functions.
The register-bars are movable into ten different positions corresponding to zero
and the nine digits, so that when brought under the control of the keys, each bar

page_text: may be caused to register any figure from 0 to 9. Besides the independent motion
of the bars, they have a common movement on their support or carriage, herein
termed the "bar-carriage," the object of this movement being to bring the bars
successively into position to be actuated by the register-actuating device or
plunger." This plunger and an arın acting as a stop to prevent excessive move-
ment of the bars and the keys by which they are actuated, are stationary relatively
to the bar-carriage.
**
Both the plunger and stop, and the step-by-step feed of the bar-carriage, are
actuated from the figure-keys; that is to say, when a key is struck the bar-carriage
moves a step, bringing a particular bar into the path of the plunger, and the latter
is also actuated, moving the said bar positively to a particular position depending
upon the key which has been manipulated. Each of the digit keys moves the
plunger and stop arm (and consequently the bar opposite thereto) over a distance the
value of which corresponds to that of the key, while the zero-key does not move
the plunger or the bar opposite thereto at all. When that key is struck the carriage
moves one step, but the bar, thereby brought opposite the plunger, remains at
zero.
By the devices thus far referred to any number can be set up on the register-
bars by striking the proper keys in their regular digital order.
Having set up a number, the next operation is to register it on the totalizer,
and if previous items have been so registered, to totalize the result.
The totalizer comprises a series of "figure-wheels," usually one or two more than
the bars, since the latter register only the factors, while the former register the
result, and connections are provided, between the wheels and bars, whereby the
former may be actuated from the latter upon the operation of an appropriate device,
herein termed the "register-handle." In the form of machine hereafter described,
the register bars have racks, having each nine teeth, arranged to engage at the
proper moment with pinions on or connected with the figure wheels, and the
bar-carriage is movable relatively to the figure wheels to effect this engagement, and
to turn the latter to positions determined by the positions of the register-bars, which,
during this operation, are firmly locked in place.
Means are provided to effect the automatic release of the bars after totalizing, and
to restore all the parts to their normal positions after an operation has been
performed.
Means are also provided to prevent, when desired, the return of the bar-carriage to
its starting point, which normally occurs after totalizing. By thus preventing the
return of the bar-carriage, the number set up on the bars can be used repeatedly, as
often as required, in multiplication and division.
Heretofore the possible failure of the operator to depress a key the full distance,
has been a source of error in machines in which, like the present, each key should
impart to the registering device a movement of definite length, different for each
key. According to the present invention this source of error is avoided by a key-
lock, which acts, when a key has been struck, to lock all the other keys, the latter
only being released after the key so struck bas been depressed the required distance.
The principal novel element in this mechanism is a lock-bar having a series of lock-
pins, and acting both to lock all the keys, except the one depressed, and to maintain
the lock until the key is fully depressed.
Another important feature in this machine is the provision of special keys,
hereinafter termed "cipher keys," the function of which is to shift the bar-carriage
two or more spaces to the left. (according to the particular cipher key struck) by the
depression of a single key; and although such keys would probably be of little utility in
machines having rows of keys, nine for each figure wheel, they are of great advantage
in a machine of the type herein described, and particularly so when so situated as to
be easily struck simultaneously with any one of the nine digit keys. In the present
machine five such keys are shewn, although the number may of course be varied at
will. Thus, for example, if the first cipher key be struck the bar-carriage will he
shifted two spaces to the left, setting up a zero on the first rack-bar and bringing the

page_text: second rack-bar in position to be moved in accordance with the value of the digit key
next struck-say 9, which would leave 90 set up on the bars. Or the same end could
be accomplished more quickly by striking the first cipher key simultaneously with
the digit key 9. To set up 90,000 on the bars, digit key 9 would be struck simul-
taneously with the fourth cipher key.
Other important features in the machine are the escapement mechanism for feeding
the bar-carriage step-by-step both to the right and to the left, and an air cushion, or
"dash pot" acting as an air cushion, to relieve the machine of jars or shocks at the
end of the forward and rearward movements of the register-carriage in making its
registry stokes, all of which will be more fully described hereafter.
The invention further embraces printing mechanism which forms an integral part
of the machine, and which may be thrown into operative connection with the other
mechanism to print the numbers as they are recorded on the figure wheels, or readily
thrown out of operative connection when it is not desired to print the numbers.
Special features of the printing mechanism relate to means for securing slack in the
ink ribbon; the ribbon feed movement, and means for automatically reversing the
feed of the ribbon; means for making two copies by the use of a single ribbon and
without the employment of duplicating sheets, such as carbon paper; and the ready
detachability of most of the paper feeding mechanism from the rest of the
machine.
The invention further embraces many features of construction and combinations
and arrangements of parts which will be explained in the following detailed
description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings of which :-
Figures 1 and 1* are together a vertical sectional view through the machine.
Figures 2 and 2ª are together a plan view thereof, the casing being removed and
parts broken away and omitted for the sake of clearness.
Figure 3 is a rear end view (from the right, Figure 1") of the key-board
mechanism.
Figure 4 is a rear end sectional view (from the right, Figure 1) of the figure-wheel
mechanism.
Figures 4 and 4 are detail views of the ways in which the slides for operating the
printing wheels work.
Figure 4 is a detail of the friction disc. for moving the figure wheels with
their shaft to restore them to their normal positions.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of the register-carriage and its supports, the bar-
carriage being removed to expose the mechanism thereunder.
Figures 5, 5 and Je are detail views shewing the bar-carriage-return-mechanism
in different positions of its operation.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation looking towards the front of the machine (to the
left) ou line 6 of Figure 1*.
Figure 7 is a plan view of the same.
Figure 8 is a plan view of the escapement mechanism.
Figures 9, 9 and 9b are details of part of the escapement mechanism.
Figure 10 is a horizontal sectional view on line 10 of Figure 9.
Figure 11 is a detail plan view of one corner of the machine shewing the register
handle.
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively detail, perspective view and plan of the key-
locking mechanism.
Figure 14 is a detail view of parts of the mechanism relating to the return of the
bar-carriage after a registry stroke.
Figures 15 and 16 are details of the carrying mechanism for the figure wheels.
Figure 17 is a detail view shewing the ends of one of the rack bars and one of the
slides for operating the printing wheel.
Figure 18 is a detail in elevation of the locking devices for the figure wheels.
Figures 19, 20 and 21 are details shewing the escapement mechanism for feeding
the bar-carriage step-by-step to the right in the operations of multiplication and
division.

page_text: Figure 22 is a face view of the rack plate for holding a key depressed when a full
stroke is not given thereto.
Figure 23 is an elevation of the printing mechanism looking to the left on the
line 23 of Figure 1.
Figure 24 is a plan view and Figure 25 a side elevation of the devices for throwing
the printing mechanism into and out of operation.
Figures 26 and 27 are front and side elevations, and Figure 28 a detail view of
parts of the mechanism for restoring the figure wheels to their normal position.
Figures 29, 30, 31 and 32 are detail views of parts of the printing ribbon
mechanism.
Figure 33 is a detail of the trip mechanism for the ribbon spools and
Figure 34 is a detail view of one of the printing ribbon spools.
Referring to Figures 1, 1, 2 and 2*, K represents the steins for the ten keys, 0 to 9
inclusive, arranged in their digital order from right to left. The stems K work in
upper bearings b and lower bearings b₁ and each has near its lower end and on its
opposite edges triangular shaped flanges f and f¹, (Figure 12) the inclination of the
edges of the said flanges being different on each stem, as clearly shewn in full and in
dotted lines in Figure 1. R K and R K¹ are two sets of rocking beams pivoted at I
and I, respectively, to suitable supports projecting upwardly from the base of the
imachine, one set of rocking beams being situated at each side of the machine (see
Figures 1, 2 and 3), and the pivots I and I being in the form of bars extending
entirely across the machine. At their lower ends the beams R K and R K are con-
nected by rods and ¹, respectively, the said bars, at about their middle, being
connected by links and to levers m and m¹ pivoted at and p¹, respectively. The
lever m¹ is forked at its upper end engaging a pin m³ on a plunger m².
RC is the register carriage sliding longitudinally on ways 26 and 26ª (see
Figure 5) and carrying laterally the movable bar-carriage BC sliding on rods 3 and 4.
Mounted on the said bar-carriage are a series of "rack-bars" RB (10 being shewn in
the drawing3) adapted to slide in a longitudinal direction on the said carriage when
moved in a manner about to be described. Depending from the rear end of each of
the bars RB is a lug lg, each of which is adapted to come in the path of movement
of the plunger me and the upper end of the lever m as the bar-carriage is advanced
step-by-step from right to left.
It will thus be seen that when each of the bars RB as it comes into alignment
with the plunger m* and the lever m, and a key is struck, the plunger m² and the
lever m will be moved a distance corresponding to the inclination of flanges ff', and
acting upon the lug g of the bar, will positively move it to the exact position required
to set up thereon the number on the key struck.
On the upper surface of each bar R B are two sets of teeth, those bt being adapted
to actuate figure wheels in the manner to be hereafter described and those t¹ being
adapted for engagement with suitable dogs 2, the said dogs being pivoted on a bar 2ª
extending entirely across the bar-carriage and supported in brackets extending
upwardly therefrom. Each bar RB has secured thereto a plate rb on which the
digits from 0 to 9 are marked, the 0's of all the bars being exposed to the operator
through a suitable opening in the casing when the said bars are in their normal
positions. When a bar is moved, however, to set up a certain figure thereon, the
same figure on the plate b is visible to the operator through the opening referred
to, permitting the operator to verify the number set up on the bars.
When one of the bars RB is moved forward to a position to set up a certain
number thereon, its dogs 2 ride over the forward sides of teeth bt and act to hold it
in the desired position against the tension of spring 98 which tends to return the
bar RB to its normal or zero position when it is released. When the register
carriage RC is moved forward, in a manner to be described hereafter, the tail
pieces 2b ride under and lift a rod 99, extending across the machine above the register
carriage and supported by links 99 a pivotted at 99 to uprights 99 c, to the position
shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1". As the register carriage returns after having
registered the number set up on the bars, the ends of tail pieces 26 of the dogs 2

page_text: come in contact with the rod 99, which latter is prevented from swinging to the right,
Figure 1, by reason of the stop 95, and the dogs 2 are thereby lifted out of engage-
ment with the teeth bt of all the rack bars RB, and the latter are immediately
returned to their zero position (if they have been previously moved in setting up the
number) by the action of the springs 98 (one for each bar).
The bar-carriage BC is moved a space to the left, each time a key is struck, through
the following mechanism :-
On each key stem K is a pin 5 overhanging a rod 6 and which, on the depression
of any of the keys, moves the said rod downwardly and thereby rocks the beams 7,
one on each side of the machine. The beams 7 at their forward ends are secured to
and rotate a bar 8 which latter is supported in brackets 8 a and at about its middle
carries a swinging arm 9 hooked at its extremity and, as will be more fully described
hereafter, operating the carriage escapement mechanism to shift the carriage every
time a key is struck. Power for feeding the carriage from right to left is derived
from the usual spring mechanism 10 (such as used on typewriters) see Figures 5
and 2, through a strap 11 connected to the carriage.
The escapement mechanism for spacing from right to left consists of a fixed rack
bar 12 secured to the carriage B C and a inovable rack bar 13, having slots 13" therein
engaged by screws 13" taking into the carriage see Figures 6, 7 and 8. A spring 14
exerts its tension to pull the rack bar 13 to the left,-Figs. 7 and 2.
14x is a
vertically reciprocatory bar having a tooth 14 (see Figures 5, 6, 9, 9, 9 and 10)
adapted to engage the rack bars 12 and 13. A pin 15 at the lower end of the
bar 14 engages the hook of the arm 9. In the normal position of the parts and
when the carriage is at rest, the tooth 14" is in engagement with the movable
rack-bar 13 which is then in the position shewn in Figures 6 and 9, the left end of
the slots 13 (as shewn in Figures 7 and 8) abutting against the screws 13". It will
therefore be seen that upon the depression of any key, the swinging arm 9 will draw
the bar 14* downwardly, first engaging the tooth 14 with one of the teeth of the
fixed rack bar 12 and then disengaging it from the movable rack bar 13 which is
immediately shifted to the left one space (the length of the slots 134) by the action
of spring 14. As the key is released and is drawn upwardly through the action of
its spring (the springs for this purpose, one for each key, being omitted from the
drawing for the sake of clearness) the arm 9 also rises, shifting the tooth 14ª from
engagement with the rack bar 12 into engagement with the rack bar 13. As soon
as the tooth clears the bar 12, the bar-carriage BC, propelled by the spring
mechanism 10, shifts one space to the left until stopped by the screws 13 coming
into contact with the left hand ends of the slots 13. This operation is repeated
each time a key is struck in the ordinary operation of setting up a number on the
rack bars, and it will be noted that the feed takes place immediately after the rack-
> bar has been moved to its proper position rather than immediately before such move-
ment of the bar, thus preventing the shifting of the carriage before the rack-bar has
been moved to the desired position.
Referring particularly to Figures 1 and 2 FW are a series of figure wheels mounted
to rotate on the shaft S and so arranged with reference to the rack-bar that when the
bar-carriage BC is shifted one space to the left, the first bar will be in alignment
with the pinion P secured to one side of the right-hand figure wheel FW, each of
the figure wheels of course having its corresponding pinion P. Each pinion l' has
ten teeth and on the bars RB there are nine teeth bt. Striking the zero key
merely shifts the carriage BC one space to the left but does not move a rack-bar R B.
Each of the figure wheels FW is set to revolve independently of the others and
therefore, if the bar-carriage B C is moved forward the proper distance, the number
set up on the bars R B will be registered on the figure wheels FW by the action of
the teeth bt on the pinions P.
As before stated, the bar-carriage BC is supported by, and movable on rods 3 and 4
which are part of the register carriage RC. The rod 4 supporting the bar-carriage
at its forward end, works in slots 4 in the said carriage and is supported at its
opposite ends by links 95, pivoted at 96 to the carriage RC. Connecting rods 28,

page_text: one on each side of the machine, extend from the ends of the rod 4 to the lower ends
of rock-arms 29, carried by a rock shaft 30, which latter is turned in its bearings by
the operation of a register handle 34 on a lever 33, secured at the end of the said
shaft 30. As shewn in full lines in Figure 14, the forward ends of the rack bars are
in their lowermost position, the rod 4 resting in the right hand end of slot 4". Upon
depressing the register handle 34 the rod 4 is moved forward in the slots 4ª, through
the connection described, lifting the forward end of the bar-carriage to the position
shewn in dotted lines in Figure 1, until the rod reaches the forward end of the slots 1ª
after which the continued depression of the register handle carries the register
carriage forward, and the teeth bt of the rack bars (or such of them as have been
moved in setting up the number) engaging the pinions P of one or more of the
figure wheels, rotate the latter to register thereon the number set up on the rack
bars.
On the release of the handle 34 the action of the rod 4 and the links 95 causes the
front end of the bar carriage to drop sufficiently to allow the teeth bt to be disengaged
from the pinions P before the return movement of the register-carriage begins.
Consequently it will be observed that the figure wheels are moved and positively
stopped by the rack teeth, since the latter are still in engagement with the pinion
when the registry is completed. Springs 35 (Figure 1) one at each side of the
carriage are connected at one end to ears on the casing and at the other end to the
lower ends of the arms 29 acting to return the register-carriage to its normal position
when the operating handle 34 is released. During this return movement the dogs 2
are tripped, and all of the rack bars are returned to zero position by means already
described.
After the advance and return movement of the register-carriage, it next becomes
necessary, except in the operation of multiplication and division (as to which further
explanation will be made hereafter) to return the bar-carriage to its normal or
extreme position to the right against the tension of the spring mechanism 10 tending
to pull the said carriage to the left. This is effected by means of the spring
mechanism 36 (Fig. 5) which, when wound up, exerts a power sufficient to
overcome that of the spring nechanism 10 and shift the bar-carriage to the
right.
The spring mechanism 36 is brought into operation in the following manner :-
The strap 36 connects the spring mechanism 36 with the left hand end of the
slide 37 working in an under-cut groove 37 Fig. 5, in the face of the bar 37b mounted
on the register carriage R C. 38 is a shaft, vertically supported in a bearing 38" on
the under side of the carriage R C, carrying at its upper end a drum 38 and at its
lower end a smaller drum 38°. A strap 39 running around the drum 38" engages at
one end, a hook 39 on the right hand end of the bar 37, (see Fig. 5). A second
strap 40 wound on drum 38c is connected at its outer end to a post 40 (see Figure 1)
extending upwardly from the base of the machine. In the left hand end of the
slide 37 is a catch 17 pivoted at 17ª and normally held in position, shewn in Figures
and 5c, by the action of a spring-actuated plunger 17%. The pin 17° on the side of
catch 17, striking the edge of the recess in the slide in which the latter is mounted,
limits its movement and prevents it assuming an inoperative position.
As the bar-carriage is advanced step by step to the left in the operation of
setting up a number, as already described, the tooth of the dog 41 rides up the
inclined sides of, and drops into engagement with rack teeth 21 on the bar-carriage
between the rack bars 12 and 13 and inclined in an opposite direction to the teeth
of said bars (see Figures 6, 7 and 9). The dog 41 is normally held in engage-
ment with the teeth 21 by the action of the spring 41. It will therefore be seen
that after the desired number is set up on the rack bars, movement of the bar-
carriage in either direction during the advance and return movement of the register-
carriage is prevented by the escapement tooth 14 engaging the rack teeth 13 (which
prevents movement to the left) and the tooth of dog 41 engaging rack teeth 21
(preventing movement to the right).

page_text: It will now be seen that as the register handle 34 is depressed and the register-
carriage R C advanced, the strap 40 will cause the drum 38 to rotate in the direction
of the arrow, Figs. 5 and 2ª, carrying with it the shaft 38 and drum 38, which latter
winds up the strap 39 and pulls the slide 37 to the left (same Figures). In this
movement the catch 17 is tripped by contact with the bar-carriage B C and passing
under the same assumes the position shewn in Figure 5, its upper end engaging in
front of the lever 18 pivoted at 18ª (see Figures 2" and 1) to the side of the
bar carriage and bearing at its other end against a piu 18 on the rack bar 13.
In this position the tail piece 17 of the catch rests against flange 37 on the
bar 37, (see Figures 5 and 1"). In this position the catch 17 bears against the
lever 18, moving the rack 13 to the limit of its movement to the right (Figure 7)
and in engagement with the tooth 14", thus setting and holding the said rack bar
so that when the bar-carriage is finally returned to its normal position, it will be in
proper operative position to effect the shifting of the bar-carriage through the first
space upon the setting up of the new number on the bars. The parts being in the
position above indicated, the return of the carriage by the spring mechanism 30 is
prevented by the dog 41, in engagement with one of the rack teeth 21. Just before
the register carriage reaches the limit of its return movement, the tail 41* of the
dog 41 comes in contact with the stop 47 mounted on the upright 47ª lifting the
log 41 out of engagement with the rack teeth 21 and allowing the spring
mechanism 36 to return the bar carriage to its normal position.
To ensure a full depression of the handle 34 and consequently a free forward stroke
of the register-carriage, which is necessary in order to transfer to the figure wheels F W
and to the printing wheels the number set upon the bars RB, the carriage R C carries
a depending pivoted arm 600 (Figure 1) at the lower end of which is a spring-
actuated dog 601 which, on the forward movement of the carriage moves along the
top of a plate 603 and in engagement with rack teeth 602 but which, on the return
movement of the carriage, travels under the plate 603 and past a hinged plate 604,
which, when the carriage is again moved forward, deflects the dog 601 upwardly into
engagement with the teeth 602. It will thus be seen that if the handle 34 is not
fully depressed the dog 601 engaging the teeth 602 will lock the said arm in its
partially depressed position (and the carriage RC in its partially advanced position),
noticing which, the operator will complete the depression of the handle 34 and
consequently give the register-carriage the necessary full registry stroke.
"
Where numbers are added it is necessary to " carry tens on the figure wheels F W.
This is accomplished in the following manner :-58 are a series of slides (one less in
number than the number of figure wheels) movable longitudinally in ways formed in
two supports 59 and 59* and at their forward ends projecting between adjacent figure
wheels FW. On one side of each of the slides 58 is a triangular shaped lug 57 (see
Figures 1, 2, 15 and 16) which is adapted to be engaged by a pin 56 projecting from the
left hand face of each of the figure wheels as the latter pass from the to the 0 position,
and thereby moves the slide toward the rear or keyboard side of the machine. In
such movement an inclined shoulder 60 on the underside of the slide 58 rides up the
bearing 59 slightly lifting the forward end of the slide so that a pin 61 projecting
therefrom is in position to he struck by one of a series of arms 62 (one for each slide)
arranged on a shaft 63 (preferably at 1/11 of 360° apart) so as to act successively on
the pins 61 on the slides 58, beginning with that on the extreme right, Figure 2.
In a recess on the opposite side of each slide from the lug 57, is a dog 75 projecting
beyond the end of the slide, having an upper tooth 75 and a lower tooth 75%, the dog
being normally held in the position shewn in Fig. 1 by the spring 76, the underside
of the tooth 75° resting against the bottom of the recess in the side of the slide
(Figure 16).
The shaft 63 and with it arins 62 make a complete rotation upon each return
movement of the register-carriage such rotation being effected by the following
necbanism. 64 is a pinion on the end of the shaft 63 in engagement with an inter-
mediate gear wheel 65 which in turn meshes with a large gear wheel 66 journaled on
a shaft 68 supported in brackets on the framework. 67 is an arm movably hung on

page_text: the shaft 68, (see dotted lines Figure 1) carrying a spring actuated dog 69 which
rides on the periphery of gear wheel 66 adjacent to its gear teeth and is adapted to
engage one of four notches 70 arranged equidistant about the periphery thereof. At
its outer extremity the arm 67 is provided with a slot 67° in which engages a pin 73
carried by a rod 72 pivoted at 74 (Figure 1) to the underside of the register-carriage
RC and moving in suitable ways. On the advance movement of the register-carriage
and with it the rod 72, the pin 73 moves upwardly in the slot 67ª at the same time
swinging the arm 67, so that the dog 69 moves from engagement with one of the
notches 70 to another notch 70 immediately preceding it. On the return movement
of the register-carriage and with it rod 72, the arin 67 is moved in an opposite
direction and by its engagement with a notch 70 rotates the large gear wheel 66,
one-fourth of a rotation and the latter in turn rotates the intermediate gear 65 and
the shaft 63; the gears 66, 65 and pinion 64, being so proportioned that the shaft 63
and its arms 62 make one rotation while the gear 66 is making one-fourth of a
rotation.
Briefly described the operation of "carrying. tens" is as follows:-
Supposing the number 959 to be registered on the figure wheels FW and the
number 121 to be set up on the rack bars. The register carriage is advanced and the
teeth bt on the first three bars RB engage the pinions P on the first three figure
wheels F W and move them through spaces corresponding to the number 121. Of
course no carrying of tens can be effected so long as the teeth bt are in engagement
with pinions P and all that takes place during the rotation of the figure wheels is,
that the proper slides 58 are set to the proper position by the pins 56 engaging the
lugs 57 and moving the said bars a slight distance, as has been already described.
In the present example as only the first and third figure wheels move from the 9 to
zero position, the pins 56 on the said wheels, only, would move their corresponding
slides 58. As the register-carriage begins its return movement, the teeth bt of the
rack bars drop out of engagement with the pinions P in the manner already described,
and the arins 62 now rotate and act on pins 61 of the first and third slides 58 which
are moved further forward so that the tooth 75 of the dog 75, acts upon a tooth of
the pinion of the next figure wheel in advance, to move the same through one space,
the tooth 75 engaging between succeeding teeth on the pinion P to prevent the
latter from moving too far (see Figures 1 and 16).
In carrying "tens" the spring 76 acts on the dog 75 to hold it to its work, but on
the return of the slides 58, to their normal position (in the manner to be hereafter
described) this spring, acting on dog 75, causes its tooth 75 to ride on the pinion tooth
next following the one just acted on, to carry tens, but in the opposite direction, tending
to turn the figure wheels in that direction. Hence it becomes necessary to lock the
figure wheels during the time the slides 58 are being restored to their normal position.
This is effected by the arms 77, one for each pinion P and all rigidly fastened to a
rod 78 journalled at its opposite ends in bearings 95, 95ª, and terminating at one end
at 78. At its outer end each arm 77 has a tooth of such shape as to enter between
two teeth on the pinion P' and lock the same and its figure wheel.
Rigidly fastened to the shaft 78 is a depending arm 79 movably jointed at 80, by
means of a pin and slot, to the upper end of the arm 81 (see dotted lines Figure 1
and in Figure 18) pivoted to the framework at 82 and having an extension 81ª carry-
ing a pin 83 which bears against the upper surface of the bar 72 herein before referred
to. The arms 77 lock the figure wheels until the register-carriage has advanced to
such position as to bring the teeth on the rack bars into engagement with the
pinions. At this instant the inclined shoulder 84 on the bar 72 comes under the
pin 83, lifting the extension 81 and consequently the arms 77 from engagement with
the pinions, thereby releasing the figure wheels, the arms 77 being retained in their
lifted position by reason of the pin 83 riding along the elevated surface of the rod 72.
Upon the return movement, however, it is desirable to leave the figure wheels
unlocked for a greater period of time than on the forward movement, as extra time
must be allowed for carrying mechanism to operate after the rack bars have been dis-
engaged from the pinion P. This is provided for in the spring plate 85 secured to

page_text: the upper surface of the rod 72 and the end of which extends beyond the shoulder 84
herein before referred to as clearly shewn in Figures 1 and 18. The pin 83 on the
forward movement of the register-carriage engages under and lifts this spring but on
the return movement of the carriage it rides over the top thereof, thus prolonging
the period during which the arins 77 are disengaged from the pinions P.
After one or more numbers have been registered on the figure wheels in the
operation of division, subtraction, addition and multiplication, it becomes necessary,
before the next operation takes place, to return all the figure wheels to their zero.
positions or to a position of unison. This is effected by the following mechanism :-
It has already been shewn that the wheels FW have been turned in the direction
indicated by the arrow, Figure 1, to register one or more numbers thereon and to
return them to their zero positions, it is of course necessary that they be rotated in
the opposite direction. As was before explained the wheels FW are mounted on a
shaft S which works in bearings 95, 95, 95' on the frame of the machine. Each
wheel FW has a hub 96, Figure 4, of sufficient interior diameter to receive a three
armed spring disc 97 which is recessed at 98 to fit a groove 99 cut in the shaft S, as
clearly shewn in Figure 4. On opposite sides the groove 99 is cut deep into the
shaft so as to form two straight parallel bottom surfaces against which the parallel
sides of the recess 98 in the disc 97 engage, so that the said disc is rotated with the
shaft S. The outer ends of the arms of the discs 97 press against the figure wheels,
as shewn in Figure 4 which pressure prevents disturbance of the wheels FW by slight
causes, but permits them to rotate independently of each other when actuated by the
rack bars to register a number. They will, however, rotate with the shaft S when
there is no resistance to such rotation. The shaft S carries at one end a pinion 101
rigidly fixed thereto and in the teeth of which works a ratchet dog 102 pivoted at 103
to an arm 104, which latter is secured to and moves with a pinion 105, turning freely
on the shaft S. The pinion 105 is engaged by a toothed sector 106 mounted on a
shaft 107 which latter works in bearings 108 and 108. To the outer end of the
shaft 107 is rigidly attached a crank handle 110, and the movement of the crank
handle, the shaft 107, and the sector 100, is limited by the arms 111 and 112 of the
U shaped stop-piece 113, secured to the support 109, as will be clearly understood
by reference to Figures 4, 27 and 28. 115 is a second sector pivoted on the shaft 107
adjacent to the tooth sector 106. It has a slot 116 therein in which engages a pin 117
projecting from the sector 106, and also a cam surface 115 and an elevated straight
surface 115 at one side thereof, adapted to come in contact with a roller 118 on a
bell-crank lever 119 pivotted at 120 see Figure 2. An arm 119" of the bell-crank
lever 119 is adapted to strike the lower end of a lever 121, fulcrumed at 122, and at
its upper end bearing against an arm 124 fixed to the rod 78, which latter carries the
locking arm 77 hereinbefore referred to.
It will therefore be seen that as the operator stands at the key-board and moves the
handle 110 towards him, thereby rotating the shaft 107, the section 115 is rotated
with the said shaft, and the cam surface 115 of the said sector engaging against the
roller 118 on the bell-crank lever 119, operates the latter, and through the lever 121
and arm 124 rotates the shaft 78 and thereby lifts the lock arms 77 from engagement
with the pinions I of the figure wheels FW. This part of the operation takes place
during the time that the slot 116 is moving over the pin 117 which latter now comes
in contact with the right hand end of the slot, Fig. 26, and the toothed sector 106 is
rotated and in turn rotates the shaft S through the pinion 105, arm 104, ratchet
dog 102, and pinion 101, as will be clearly understood. In its rotation, the shaft S
carries with it the figure wheels FW by reason of the friction of the three armed
discs 97, returning them to their zero positions, the pins 56 striking against the
underside of the lugs 57 and stopping the figure wheels when they arrive at the said
position. While this taking place the lock arms 77 are held out of engagement
with the pinions P by the roller 118 riding along the elevated surface 115° of the
sector 115. Springs 106 (Fig. 26) and 119b (Fig. 1) connected to the sector 106
and bell-crank lever 119, respectively, act to return the said parts and with them
the sector 115, shaft 107, and handle 110 to their normal positions without move-
B

page_text: ment of the shaft S, the ratchet dog 102 sliding over the teeth of the pinion 101
without movement of the latter.
As has already been described this machine is provided with a number of cipher
keys adapted to be struck separately or in conjunction with any one of the digit keys.
Five of such keys are shewn in the drawings, marked,, etc. and, as will be seen,
they operate to shift the bar-carriage BC a certain number of spaces, as for example
key shifts it two spaces, and key shifts it three spaces, and so on; and if the
key, for example, is struck in conjunction with the digit key 9, the figure 9 is set up
on bar RB, (that is to say, that one of the said bars which is then in position to be
operated) and the carriage BC is shifted two spaces to the left thus setting up the
number 90 on the rods R B. If the key
0 0
0 0
were struck, the carriage BC would shift
6 spaces to the left setting up 900,000 on the bars R B.
The number of ciphers marked on each of the cipher keys indicates the true
umber of ciphers that will be set up when the keys are struck in conjunction with
one of the digit keys, 1 to 9. The small figures "2" "3" "4" "5" "6" indicate
the number of ciphers that will be set up on the rack bars when the cipher keys
alone are struck.
Referring particularly to Figures 1 and 3, CK are the stems of the cipher keys
working in suitable bearings and each carrying a pin p and a triangular shaped
lug p, which lugs increase in size on the several stems CK from that of cipher
0
0 0
key to that of cipher key 0. The pins overhang a rod 128" extending beneath
the keys and supported at its opposite ends by rock arms 128 secured rigidly to a rock
shaft 129 which carries a depending and upturned finger 130, the function of which
will be hereinafter more fully described. The inclined sides of the triangular lugs
are adapted to engage against pins 140 respectively, (Figure 3) on a sliding bar 140
supported in bearings 141 and 141". An arm 142 rigidly secured to and depending
from the bar 140 works against a pin 143 on the upper end of an arm 144 which is
secured to and adapted to rock a shaft 145 which latter extends forwardly under the
key board mechanism and carries at its forward end a swinging arm 140, which latter
is forked at its upper end for engagement with the pin 147 projecting from the tail
end of the ratchet dog 148 (see Figures 1ª, 6, 7 and 8). 149 is a slide working on a
rectangular bar 150 supported at opposite ends in brackets 150 and 150° the said
brackets being secured to the under-side of the register-carriage RC. Projecting
upwardly from the bracket 150 is a triangular shaped lug 151 against which the end
of the ratchet dog 148 rests, as clearly shewn in Fig. 8, to hold the same out of
engagement with the teeth of rack bar 12 when the parts are in their normal position,
the spring 148 secured to the slide 149 tending to throw the dog 148 into engage-
ment with the rack bar. Pivoted at 152 to the underside of the slide 149 is a trip-
bar 153 recessed at one side at 154, as clearly shewn in Figure 10. A spring 156
exerts its tension to hold the edge of the trip bar tightly in contact with bar 14°.
157 is a spring, of less strength than the spring 156, bearing at its end against the
side of the bar 14* opposite to spring 156. Pivoted at 158 to one side of the way in
which har 14* reciprocates is a lever 159 having a finger 160 extending in front of
the spring 157. A lug 159 (shewn in dotted lines in Figure 9) acts against a stop
to prevent the lever from dropping downwardly out of operative position. The
finger 130 herein before referred to is adapted to bear against the lever 159, as will
hereinafter be more fully described.
The operation of the cipher key mechanism is therefore as follows:-
In Figures 8, 9 and 10 the parts of this mechanism are shewn in their normal
positions that is to say in the positions they occupy before any one of the cipher keys
is struck, the bar 14* resting in the recess 154 of the trip-bar 153 and tooth 14ª
engaging the rack bar 13. On the depression of one of the cipher keys the pin p
forces the bar 128ª downwardly, rocking the shaft 129 through the rock arins 128,
and moving the finger 130 upwardly and causing it to press tightly against the

page_text: ever 159. At the same time the triangular lug p' (Figure 3) corresponding to the
key struck, moves the bar 140, which in turn, through arm 142 pin 143, arm 144
haft 145, swinging arm 146, and dog 148 (which latter is held in the position shewn
n Figure by reason of the pressure of the swinging arm 146 against the pin 147)
moves the slide 149 two or more spaces to the right, Figures 6 and 7, according to
whether the key or some other one of the cipher keys is depressed. In its move-
ment the slide 149 carries with it the trip-bar 153 so that the recess 154, in which
the bar 14* normally rests, as shewn in Figures 9 and 10, is moved away from the
said bar 14* to a position such as that shewn in Figures 7 and 9. This movement
of course draws the wider part of the trip-bar 153 between the bar 14* and spring 156,
and were it not for the finger 130 pressing against lever 159 and consequently against
the bar 14° through the finger 160 and spring 157, the bar 14* (mounted loosely in
its way) would be moved to the right and the tooth 14* thereof be disengaged from
the rack-bar 13. But, by reason of the pressure of the finger 130, instead of the
bar 14* moving, the trip-bar 153 forces the spring 156 to the left, as in Figure 9.
When, therefore, the cipher key has been fully depressed, the parts occupy the position
shown in Figures 7 and 9, movement of the carriage BC being prevented at this
instant by the tooth 14 which is still in engagement with the rack-bar 13. Upon
the release of the key, and consequently of the pressure from the swinging arm 146,
the spring 148 throws the dog 148 into engagement with the rack-bar 12. The
parts are thus set to the position to permit the bar-carriage to be fed to the left the
desired number of spaces when the same is released from the tooth 14". Just before
the cipher key reaches the limit of its upward movement, the spring 162 acting on
the rock arm 128, lifts the latter to its normal position, thereby releasing the pressure
of the finger 130 from the lever 159, and the tension of the spring 156 being greater
than that of spring 157, the upper end of bar 14*, and with it tooth 14*, are noved
to the right into the positions shewn in Figure 9. The bar-carriage being thus
released, is immediately moved to the left (Fig. 7) by the action of its spring
mechanism 10, heretofore referred to, carrying with it the slide 149 by reason of the
engagement of the dog 148 with rack bar 12. The trip-bar 153 of course moves with
the slide 149 until the narrow part of the said bar (formed by the recess 154) comes
between the bar 14* and the spring 156. When the parts arrive in the positions
shewn in Figures 8, 9 and 10, the spring 156 no longer exerts its tension against the
spring 157 and the latter immediately acts to throw the tooth 14 into engagement
with the rack bar 13 thereby stopping the bar carriage at the desired position in
accordance with the cipher key struck. At the same time the end of the dog 148
striking the inclined side of the lug 151 is lifted out of engagement with the rack
bar 12, as clearly shewn in Fig. 8.
Each key must be fully depressed in order to shift the bar carriage BC and to
measure the full value of such key on the bar R B. As hereinbefore explained the
pin on each key stem K acts against the bar 6 to operate an escapement mechanism.
În proximity to the pins 5 is a sliding bar or rod 170 from which project pins 171 of
the same number as there are digit keys. The rod 170 is moved in one direction by
a spring 172 and in the other direction by an arm 173 carried by one of the rock
arins 7, hereinbefore referred to, and having an inclined surface 173 bearing against
a pin 173 on the bar 170 (see Figure 12). Every time one of the digit keys is
depressed the inclined surface 173 acts to slide the bar 170 to the right, Figure 3
bringing the pin 16 under the outer ends of pins 5 on each of the key stems K, except
that of the key depressed. The other keys are therefore locked until the key
depressed has been released and ascends to its normal position, when the spring 172
draws the bar 170 back to the position shewn in Figure 3, releasing all of the
keys.
The bar 6 carries the rearwardly extending arm 174 which is hinged at 174 to
swing in a lateral direction, carrying at its outer end the spring-actuated ratchet
tooth 175 adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet bar 176 secured to the frame-
work in any suitable manner (see Figure 13). The teeth of the ratchet bar 176 as
shewn in Fig. 22 are situated between two guiding-flanges 176 and 176' which

page_text: guide the ratchet tooth 175 in its downward movement, and a third flange 176º, in
conjunction with the flange 176b, forms the path for the ratchet tooth in its upward
movement. At the lower end of the flange 176 is hinged a deflecting plate 177
normally held in the position shewn in Fig. 22 by the spring 177. When any key is
struck and therefore the rod 6 depressed carrying with it the arm 174, the ratchet
tooth 175 travels downwardly over the teeth of the ratchet bar 176 until it passes the
deflecting plate 177. If the key is not fully depressed, that is, to an extent sufficient
to move the ratchet tooth 175 past the deflecting plate 177, the said tooth will
engage one of the teeth of the ratchet bar 176 thus preventing the ascent of the key,
which, being held in such position will indicate to the operator that it has not been
sufficiently depressed. Therefore, when the operator strikes another key and finds
it locked he immediately glances over his keyboard and noticing a key held in a
depressed condition, further depresses it to give it a full stroke. It then ascends
to its normal position at the same time releasing the lock of the other keys. When
the key has been depressed sufficiently to carry the tooth 175 past the deflecting
plate 177 the latter acts to deflect the tooth 175 into the return path between the
flanges 176 and 176. The arm 174 swinging laterally on its hinge 174" thus
permits the key to rise to its normal position.
From the foregoing description it will be readily understood that addition is per-
formed by setting up the numbers, one after another, on the rack bars and registering
the said numbers on the figure wheels in succession by advancing the register-
carriage, leaving the sum total on the figure wheels.
As multiplication is but a short way of making many additions, if in a machine of
this kind the multiplicand is set up on the rack bars RB and
(1) Moved to a position corresponding to the order of the first left hand figure of
the multiplier, and then recorded on the figure wheels as many times as there are
units in the said figure.
(2) Then shifted one step to the right and registered on the figure wheels as many
times as there are units in the figure of the next lowest order of the multiplier, and
so on, the result indicated on the figure wheels will be the product. For example,
suppose 7854 be multiplied by 623, the multiplicand 7854 is first set up on the rack
bars. The highest order of the multiplier being hundreds, the har-carriage is shifted
three spaces to the right to bring the units figure of the multiplicand to the same
order, or in other words, the multiplicand is multiplied by 100. As the figure 6
occupies the hundreds position in the multiplier the number as it is now set up on
the bars RB must be registered six times, and the result indicated on the wheels F W
will be equal to 7854 × 600 = 4,712,400.
The carriage BC is now shifted to the right one space to bring the multiplicand
to the tens position,-in other words it is multiplied by 10. As the figure 2 occupies
the tens position in the multiplier, the multiplicand, when in this position, must be
registered on the figure wheels twice, and the result indicated in the latter will be
4,712,400 + 20 × 7854 = 4,869,480.
The carriage B C is next shifted another space to the right to bring the multi-
plicand to the units position. The figure 3 occupying the units position in the
multiplier, the multiplicand, when in this position, is registered on the figure wheels
three times. The total result indicated on the figure wheels, which is the product of
7854 × 623 will now be 4,869,480 + 3 × 7854 = 4,893,042.
In carrying out the operation of multiplication above referred to (7854 × 623) on
the machine herein described, the multiplicand 7854 is first set up on the bars RB,
and the carriage BC is then shifted three spaces to the left by striking cipher key 0.
Handle 34 is now operated to advance the register carriage six times, recording the
multiplicand on the wheels F W six times while in the hundreds position. But on
the first return movement of the register-carriage RC, the tail 41ª of the dog 41
coming into contact with the stop 47 would disengage the dog from the rack teeth 21
allowing the carriage B C to be returned to its normal position, as already described,
were not means provided to prevent it. Such means are shewn particularly in
Figures 12 and 14, and comprise a key on the key board at the end of the line of

page_text: digit keys, marked “*”
*" (multiplication and division) and having a stem 180, carrying
a pin 180 engaging the forked end of a lever 181 fulcrumed at 181, and at its
other end engaging a pin 182 on a vertical slide 182 carrying stop 47 at its upper
end. On the depression of key a tooth 180 (Fig. 1) thereon is automatically
engaged under the edge of an opening in the casing through which the stem 180
works, by the action of a spring 180°, (Figure 1") holding the key in such position
until released by the operator. The downward movement of the stem 180 lifts the
slide 182 through the intermediate lever 181, and elevates the stop 47 to such
position that the tail 41 of the dog 41 does not strike it, but passes thereunder on
the return movement of the register-carriage RC, thereby preventing the return of
the bar-carriage BC to its normal position.
It is also necessary in the operation of multiplication to prevent the tripping of
the dogs 2 by the rod 99 and the consequent return of the bars R B to their zero
position. This is effected by mounting the stop 95 (hereinbefore referred to) on the
upper end of a vertically reciprocatory rod 183, connected at its lower end to one armn
of a rocking beam 184 pivoted at 184, and to the other arm of which is connected
the lower end of stem 180 of the key. It will therefore be seen that when the
latter key is depressed the stop 95 is lifted to such position as to allow the rod 99 to
swing both to the right and to the left, Figure 1".
It is further necessary in the operation of multiplication (as well as division) to
shift the bar-carriage BC step by step to the right. For this purpose a shift key RS
is placed on the keyboard. The said key has a stem 185, carrying a pin 185*
engaging the forked end of a lever 186, fulcrumed at 186ª and carrying at its
forward end a pin 186. The pin 186" is adapted to engage between the prongs 187*
of an escapement dog 187* pivoted at 187 between rearwardly projecting lugs on the
dog 41, (see Figures 5, 6 and 2").
The operation of the escapement dog 187* is as follows:-
The register carriage RC having been advanced to record a number on the
figure wheels, the spring mechanism 36 is set to move the carriage BC to the
right against the tension of the spring mechanism 10, in the manner already
described, movement of the carriage, however, being prevented by the dog 41
engaging the ratchet teeth 21, (see Figures 6 and 7) the key of course remaining
depressed and the stop 47 out of the path of the tail 41 of the dog 41.
If now
the key RS be depressed, the pin 186" of the lever 186, pressing upwardly between
the prongs 187 of the dog 187* will swing the latter on its pivot 187 until the
point of the tooth 187 of the dog comes into contact with one of the ratchet
teeth 21, at about midway of its length, as clearly shewn in Fig. 19. The
fulcrum of the dog 187* then changes from the pivot 187' to the point of tooth 187c
and the continued lifting of the lower end of the dog 187* lifts the dog 41 out of
engagement with the ratchet tooth 21, as shewn in Figure 20, allowing the bar-
carriage to jump one-half space to the right until the tooth 187 of the dog 187*
strikes the tooth 21 following that with which the dog 41 was last in engagement.
On the release and upward movement of the key RS the dog 187* is lifted out of
engagement with the ratchet teeth 21, (by the action of the pin 186 acting on the
prongs 187 to force the lower end of the dog 187* forward) as shewn in Figure 21,
and the carriage BC jumps another half space to the right until the dog 41 which
has been resting against a tooth midway of its length, comes into full engagement
therewith. The carriage BC has thus by the striking of the key R S been shifted
one space to the right, and this operation can be repeated until the carriage reaches
the limit of its movement.
To return to the operation of multiplying 7854 by 623, which had been described
to the point where the multiplicand, while in the hundreds position, had been
registered on wheels F W six times, the key RS is depressed and the carriage BC is
shifted one space to the right, bringing the multiplicand to the tens position, in
which position it is registered on the wheels F W twice, the total now registered on
the figure wheel being equal to

page_text: The key RS is now depressed again, shifting the carriage B C another space to the
right and bringing the multiplicand to the units position, in which position it is
registered on the figure wheels three times, the result being equal to
7854 × 600 + 7854 × 20 + 7854 x 3 4,893,012,
and which is the product of 7854 × 623.
From the explanation above given it will be readily understood how multi-
plication may be performed with other numbers than those given in the example
described.
Subtraction is performed on this machine by the well known method of adding to
the minuend the complement of the subtrahend and deducting 1 from the figure
in the remainder standing one place to the left of the left hand figure of the
subtrahend. Thus, suppose the example for subtraction is 382467-5426, the
minuend 382407 is first set up on the rack bars RB and registered on the figure
wheels F W. Next, following the small figures on the keys (which in a subtrahend
of more than one figure are the complementary figures to all of the figures in the
subtrahend except the last figure on the right which must be increased by one) strike
the keys corresponding to 5426 with the exception of 6 which must be increased by
the key having the small figure 7 thereon being struck. There will thus be set
up on the rack-bars 4574 which is the complement of the subtrahend. This number
is then registered on the figure wheels giving a total of
one,
the proper remainder is secured.
As division is a short method of making many subtractions, it must be performed
on this machine by repeated subtractions, which will be readily understood from the
foregoing description in connection with subtraction. The rule of procedure is to
record the dividend on the figure wheels by first setting it up on the rack-bars and
then depressing the handle 34; next set up the divisor, or rather its complement, on
the rack-bars by depressing the keys following the small figures thereon and
increasing the last one set up by 1-as already explained in the operation of
subtraction; shift the carriage to the left by striking a cipher key until the rack
bars, upon which the complement of the divisor is set up, are opposite the first
partial dividend. Then depress the key to prevent return of the bar-carriage as
already explained. Subtract the divisor from the partial dividend, or rather add the
complement and deduct one from the figure in the remainder to the left of the
left hand figure of the complementary number. Repeat this until the partial
dividend is exhausted, or is less than the divisor and then strike the key RS,
shifting the bar-carriage one space to the right, and subtract from the next partial
dividend as before and so on until the division is complete. Thus 10184 ÷ 76 134,
and by the ordinary method would be performed thus:-
===

page_text: A dash pot for the register carriage is provided to prevent jar or concussion when
the register carriage reaches the limit of its forward stroke. It consists of a
cylinder 697, see Figure 1, closed at its forward end and open at its rear end, and
in which reciprocates a close fitting piston 680 to which is rigidly attached a shaft 681
working near its rear end in a suitable bearing. On the shaft 681 are stops 683, 683
secured in the desired positions by set screws, as shown. The said stops are in the
path of the lower end of arm 684 (Figure 1") rigidly connected as shewn to the
carriage RC.
It will thus be seen that near the forward end of the movement of the carriage
the arm 684 strikes the stop 683 propelling the piston 680 forward and compressing
the air in the cylinder until the carriage comes to a standstill; and that near the
end of the return movement of the said carriage the arm 684 strikes the stop 683"
moving the piston 180 a short distance in the opposite direction. The resistance
offered by the volume of air in the cylinder is regulated by a stop-cock 685
constructed in the usual form to secure an opening of variable size according to
the position of the handle of the cock. It will thus be seen that by the setting
of the stops 683, 683 the air resistance may be brought into action during
such part of the movements of the machinery as is desired, and by the setting of
the stop-cock 685 the intensity of that resistance may be regulated. The idea of
applying the said resistance to a part only of the movement of the carriage is
believed to be novel.
The printing mechanism is shown in Figures 1, 2, 4 and 23 and in detailed
views which will be hereafter referred to.
Each of the bars RB has, at its forward end, an extension 1893, forming, with the
bar, a shoulder 189, (Figure 1) the said extension carrying a spring-actuated,
catch 186. As the rack bars are advanced in making a registry stroke, the
catches 186 come in contact with the ends of slides 187 (dotted lines Figure 1) one
corresponding to each rack bar, forcing the said catch 186 downwardly until it reaches
a recess 187, when its spring lifts it to the position shown in detail in Figure 17.
The shoulder 189 striking the end of the bar 187 carries it forward a distance
corresponding to the movement of the rack bar when it is positively stopped by the
action of the spring catch 186 which prevents excessive movement due to the inertia
of the slide. The slides 187 move in ways formed by a series of parallel guides 190
(see Figures 4 and 4) in which they are moved by the bars R B in the manner
already described. At the beginning of the return stroke of the bar-carriage B C
the forward ends of the bars K B are dropped, through the action of the rod 4 in
the slots 97 as already described, and the catch 186 is thereby lowered out of
engagement with the recess 187" in the end of slide 187 so that the latter is left in
the position to which it has been moved during the forward movement of the
register-carriage R C.
On each slide 187 is a drop arm 191 each rigidly connected at its lower end to a
rack bar 192 working in ways formed in the upper face of the plate 193 (see
Figure 4) and the teeth of the rack bars 192 engage teeth extending part way
around the peripheral surfaces of the printing wheels 194 each of which has spaces
on its peripheral surfaces for receiving type for printing the figures 0 to 9 inclusive,
as clearly indicated in Figure 1
Without recapitulating, it will be readily seen that the type 0 to 9 on these
wheels 194 are brought to the printing line by the action of the bar R B when
registry on the figure wheels takes place so that the number set to the said printing
line is the same as the one last set up on the bars R B. But different from the rack
bars RB, the initial position of the ciphers on the printing wheels 194 is one space
in advance of the printing line as will appear from Figure 1, so that such of the
printing wheels as have not been inoved will not print at all, rather than printing O's
which would be the case were the O's on the printing line in the normal position
of the wheels. As was before shown, such of the rack bars RB as occupy their zero
position do not turn the figure wheels FW on the register stroke and consequently
have only a movement of spaces. But to move the printing wheels to a position

page_text: to print the numeral 9, they must be rotated through ten spaces. To effect this the
shoulder 189 on the bars RB must strike the forward end of the slides 187 and
move them through a distance corresponding to one space, before the first one of the
rack teeth bt comes into action with the pinion P, thus setting up 0 on the printing
wheel when the corresponding har R B occupies its zero position.
The printing wheels 194 revolve on the shaft 195 supported in bearings 196 and 197
at the upper ends of arms 198" and 198 respectively, of the reciprocatory U-shaped
frame 198 which has a short vertical sliding movement on uprights 199 engaging
longitudinal recesses in the arms 198 and 198", as clearly shown in Figure 23.
The short upright movement of the printing wheels to which reference has just been
made is imparted thereto for the purpose of giving the printing impression against
the roller 226.
This printing stroke is obtained in the following manner.
The wheel 71 herein-
before described turns one-fourth of a revolution every time a number is registered.
Projecting from the said wheel near its periphery are four pins 71, (see dotted lines
Figure 1). These pins are adapted to come in contact with the end of the slide 201
hinged at 202 to the rocking-beam 203, the latter being connected at its other end
by a link 204 to a rod 205. The two ends of the rod 205 form connecting pivots for
toggle-links 206 and 207, at each side of the printing mechanism. At their lower
ends the toggle-links 206 are pivoted to a fixed part of the framework while the
toggle-links 207 are pivoted at their upper ends to the arms 198 and 198" respec-
tively, of the U-shaped frame 198". It will therefore be seen that when the wheel 71
makes a fourth of a rotation, one of the pins 71ª thereon strikes the end of the
slide 201, which in turn rocks the beam 203 which through the link 204, rod 205 and
the toggle-links 206 and 207, lifts the frame 198 and with it the printing wheels 194
so that the type on the printing line of the latter make the desired impression.
Before describing the paper feeding mechanism for taking the printing impression,
the means for securing the proper alignment of the printing wheels, for locking
them in such alignment, and for returning them to their normal positions, will be
described. In Figure 1, just below the centre of the wheels 194 in the sliding
frame 198, is mounted a rod 211 carrying at its opposite ends two arins 214 con-
nected at their free ends by a rectangular bar 214" of such shape as to engage
between the teeth on the wheels 194, and bring the latter into exact alignment.
From the shaft 211 depends a short arm 212, and a spring 213 bears at one end
against the said arm and at its other end is connected to the rod 205. The spring
surrounds, and is held in place by, a pin 212" projecting from the short arm 212.
Upon the moveinent of the rock-arm 203 and rod 205 to the right, Figure 1, in the
manner already described, the spring 213 presses on the short arın 212, rocking the
shaft 211 and throwing the bar 214 into engagement with the teeth of
the wheels 194 to bring them into alignment as just above described, at the same
time locking the said wheels in position. This is accomplished early in the move-
inent of the slide 201 and the co-working parts, and before the type strikes the paper
on the printing roll.
With reference to the mechanism for restoring the printing wheels and their imme-
diate co-operating parts to their initial positions, it will be noted that the end of the
slide 201 against which the pins 71ª work to produce the printing impressions, is of
a width only sufficient to be in contact with each of such pins during about one-half
of the backward movement of the register-carriage, or in other words in contact
with the pin during the time that it takes the wheel 71 to make only about one-
eighth of a complete revolution; thus completing the taking of the printing
impression in time to permit use to be made of the remainder of the return move-
ment of the register-carriage, for the purpose of restoring the type-carrying discs to
their initial position, this being effected by the following mechanism: Standing in
contact with the front edges of the drop arms 191 (see Figure 1) is a rod 216 carried
by rock arms 217 pivoted at 90, the said rock arms being connected at about their
middle by a cross bar 218. A projection 219 on the upper side of a reciprocatory
slide 220, pivoted to the under side of the register-carriage, strikes against the rod 218
с

page_text: on the return movement of the register-carriage, but, after the printing wheels have
made their printing stroke, and the wheels are released, swinging the upper ends of
the rocking beams 217 to the right (Figure 1) and causing the rod 216 to bear
against the drop arms 191 and return all of the slides and printing wheels to their
normal positions.
In this machine a duplicate impression is made on two separate strips of paper,
stored respectively on rollers 223 and 224, and both passing therefrom over a smaller
roller 225 and thence under the roller 226 against which the printing impression is
made. 227 and 227ª are guides for the paper partly surrounding the roller 226 and
hinged on a rod 228 by means of ears 227" and adjustable towards and from the
roller 226 by means of thumb screws 231. The roller 225 rotates in bearings in
ears 227, one depending from each of the guides 227 and 227. The rod 228 is
supported in brackets 229 on the frame 230 hinged by a shaft 240 to a bracket 243
on the main casing (Figure 1). The roller 226 is rigidly fixed to a shaft 232 which
rotates in bearings 233 and 233 which formn parts of the swinging frame 230, as will
be clearly seen. 234 and 234 are supports, on the upper ends of which the swinging
frame 230 rests when the paper feeding mechanism is lowered into operative position,
as shown in Figure 1, and the parts are locked in this position by two hook levers 235
(pivoted at opposite sides of the frame 230 at 237), engaging curved flanges 233,
one on each side of the uprights 234 and 234 and locking the paper feeding
mechanism in the position shown in Figure 1 so long as the levers 235 remain
depressed in the position shown in the said figure. At their free ends the levers 235
are connected by a cross bar 236 which the operator may grasp, lifting the levers out
of engagement with the flanges 233' and releasing the paper feeding mechanism so
that on the further upward movement of the levers, (shoulder 238 thereon engaging
stop pins 238 projecting from opposite sides of frame 230) the frame 230 is lifted,
swinging on the shaft 240, such movement being limited by a depending stop
arm 242. The paper-carrying mechanism is thus lifted to a position to expose the
work to the view of the operator or for the insertion of the paper between the
guides 227 and 227* and the roller 226.
The guides 227 and 227 hold the paper firmly against the roller, and, if the
latter be turned in the right direction, the paper will be advanced for spacing or
other purposes.
The means provided for turning the printing roller step by step are as follows:
Fastened to the printing roller shaft 232 (Figures 1 and 23) is a ratchet wheel 244
with which engages a ratchet tooth 245, carried at the upper end of an arm 246,
forming an extension of the lever 247 pivoted on the shaft 232 adjacent to the ratchet
wheel 244 as clearly shown in Figure 23. At its lower end the lever 247 projects
into the path of lugs 248 and 248* fastened to a bar 249, pivotally connected to the
rod 72 at 72 Fig. 2 and in effect forming an extension thereof. The lug 248* is so
set that just before the end of the backward movement of the register-carriage it
strikes the lower end of the lever 247 moving it to the right (Figure 1) and
thus turning the printing roller the space of one tooth on the ratchet wheel 244
through the intermediary of the extension 246 and the ratchet tooth 245. The
lug 248 is so set on the rod 249 that, during the last part of the forward move-
ment of the register-carriage RC, it moves the lower end of the lever 247 forward
through the same space causing the tooth 245 to engage behind the next tooth of
the ratchet wheel, thus automatically spacing the paper on which the numbers
are printed.
The ink-ribbon movement will next be described, particular reference being had
to Figures 2, 23, 29-34. Two spools 251 and 251, each consisting of two circular
dises secured at the ends of a short tube, are mounted loosely on a pin 252 projecting
from a supporting arm 253 which latter is secured rigidly on the shaft 240 heretofore
referred to. The spools are arranged side by side, as clearly shown in Figures 31
and 32. The discs 251 thereof have ratchet teeth cut around their peripheries, with
which engage ratchet-dogs 254 and 254 pivoted on the shaft 255 projecting from,
and supported by, an arm 256 swinging on the pin 252. The arm 256 also carries a

page_text: shelf 257 on which is pivoted at 258 an oscillatory trip plate 258 having, at opposite
ends, arins x and y depending on opposite sides respectively of the spools 251 and
251 (and adapted to alternately engage tail pieces 259 of the dogs 254 254ª to lift
the same out of engagement with the ratchet teeth on the spools). The trip
plate 258 has a slight vertical movement on its pivot 258 by reason of a spring
(sp, Fig. 33) interposed beneath the head of the latter and bearing at its lower end
against the top of the said plate. Such vertical movement allows a lug 258 on
the underside of an extension of the plate 258 to be moved from one side to the
other of a corresponding lug 257ª on an extension of the shelf 257, as clearly
shown in Figures 31 and 32, the function of these lugs being, as will be apparent, to
hold the trip plate in the position to which it has been moved by the means to be
hereafter described. Thus in Figures 32 and 23 the lug 258 is on the left hand side
of the lug 257 in which position the trip plate 258* acts against the tail pieces 259
of the dog 254* to throw the same out of engagement with the ratchet teeth on
the spool 251, while the dog 254 is in engagement with the ratchet teeth on
the spool 251. A cord 262 passing over a pulley 263 is connected at one end to
the extension 246 of the lever 247 (see Figure 23, not shown in Figure 1) herein-
before referred to, and at its other end is connected at 261 to an arm 260 secured to,
and moving with, the arm 256.
Thus it will be seen that every time the lever 247 is rooked to turn the paper
roller the lever 256 is pulled to the left (Figure 23) and the dog 254 then in
engagement with the teeth of one of the spools, rotates the said spool to wind up
the ribbon thereon, and of course, unwinds a corresponding length of ribbon from
the other spool.
The ink ribbon passes from one spool over suitable rollers and under the printing
roller, in a manner to be hereinafter described, back to the other spool. In each
spool the end of the ribbon is anchored to a pin 264 projecting through a slot 267
in the outer disc of each, the said pin being carried by a lever 265 fulcrummed at
266 to the said outer disc (see Figures 23, 32 and 34). The outer end of each of
the pins 264 projects into the path of one of the trip arms or y on the trip
plate 258. When one or more turns of the ribbon is wound on one or both of the
spools, the pin 264 rests in a recess 204* in the hub of the spool, as clearly shown in
Figure 34. When the ribbon becomes completely unwound from one of the spools
the pull thereon moves the pin 264 out of the recess 264ª in the hub of the spool,
causing it to travel along the slot 267 in the direction of the arrow (Figure 23) its
outer end striking the arm ≈ and rocking the trip plate 258 on its pivot
to the position shown in Figure 31. The dog 254 having now been lifted
from engagement with the spool 251 and the dog 254 lowered into engagement with
the spool 251, the latter is thrown into operation to wind up the ribbon, the direction
of the feed of which is thus reversed automatically.
In order to permit the insertion of paper between the two lengths of ribbon
extending across the under side of the printing roller 226, and to permit the ribbon
to be drawn aside to expose the matter printed on the paper, it is necessary to
provide for a slack in the ribbon when the paper carrying devices are lifted by the
handle 236. This end is accomplished in the following manner: From the spool 251
the paper passes under a roller 268, over a roller 271 (Figure 23), under a roller 272,
along the printing line, over the strip of paper fed from the roller 224, under the
printing roller 226, over a roller 273, around a roller 274, back under the printing
roller 226, along the printing line and over the strip of paper fed from the roller 223,
under a roller 272", over the roller 271, under the roller 268 to the spool 251. The
rollers 268 and 268, also the rollers 272 and 272" are supported side by side in the
frame 249 secured to one side of the frame 230 heretofore referred to as supporting
the paper guiding rollers. The roller 271 rotates on a bearing rigidly fixed on the
casing of the machine in any suitable manner.
It will thus be seen that as the paper carrying mechanism is lifted by means of
the handle 236, herein before referred to, the frame 249 and with it the rollers 272,
272, 268 and 268ª are also lifted, and as the roller 271 does not move, the ribbon

page_text: becomes slack and may be moved for an insertion of paper between the rollers, or for
the purpose of exposing the matter printed on the paper.
As it is often desirable to manipulate the calculator without making a printed
record, provision is made for disconnecting and throwing the printing mechanism
out of operative connection with the rest of the machine. This is particularly
desirable where subtraction, multiplication or division is to be performed.
To accomplish this, it becomes necessary (1) to move the end of slide 201 out of
its operative relation to the pins 71 on the wheel 71; (2) to move the lower end of
the lever 247 out of operative relation to the lugs 248 and 248ª on the rod 249
whereby the feed of the paper and ink ribbon is effected; (3) to drop the reciproca-
tory slide 220 to such position that the projection 219 thereon will not strike the
rod 218 on the return movement of the register-carriage, which, in the operation,
has the effect of restoring all of the rack bars 192 and consequently the printing
wheels 194, to their normal positions.
These objects are effected by means of the following mechanisın (see
Figures 1, 2, 24 and 25): 275 is a shaft working in bearing 275" on the base of the
machine, to the outer end of which shaft is rigidly secured an operating lever 276,
and to the inner end of which are rigidly secured oppositely extending arms 277
and 277. The latter is adapted to bear against a pin 279" on a vertical slide 279
inovable in a support. 280 and having at its upper end a plate 281 against the upper
side of which, rest pins 282 and 283, the former carried by the lever 247 and the
latter carried by the slide 201. It will therefore be seen that when the lever 276 is
moved in the direction of the arrow (Figure 25) lifting the arm 277", the latter
will operate through the pin 279, slide 279, plate 281 and pins 282 283 to lift the
lever 247 so that its lower end is out of the path of the lugs 248, 248ª, hereinbefore
referred to, and to lift the slide 201 to such position that its end is out of the path of
the pins 71 on the gear wheel 71.
As clearly shewn in Figure 25 the forward end of the reciprocating slide 220 rests
in a groove in the edge of an oscillating support 288 pivoted at 287 and adapted to
he rocked on its pivot by connection with the arm 277 through the arm 286 and
link 285. When the parts are in the position shown in full lines in Figure 25, the
slide 220 is elevated to such position that when it is moved to the right, by the
return movement of the register-carriage, its projection 219 strikes the rod 218
returning slides 187, rack bars 192, and the printing wheels 194 to their normal
positions. When, however, the lever 276 is moved in the direction indicated by the
arrow, and the arm 277 thereby lowered, the support is oscillated to the position
shown in dotted lines in Figure 25 and the slide 220 thereby lowered to such position
that, on the return movement of the register-carriage the projection 219 passes under
the bar 218.
284 is a triangular shaped flange on the arm 277, against which the rod 218 rests
when the parts are thrown to the position shown in dotted lines in Figure 25. When
the lever 276 is moved back to the position shown in full lines to throw the printing
mechanisin into connection with the calculator, the inclined edge of the flange 284
acting on the bar 218 moves it to the position shown in full lines in Figures 25 and 1,
thereby restoring all the slides 187, rack-bars 192 and printing mechanism 194 to
their normal positions.
It is to be understood that the invention is in no way limited to the particular
details of the constructions herein shewn and described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In a calculating machine the combination with the figure keys of register bars
a movable support therefor and means for bringing the bars successively under control
of the keys, whereby numbers may be set up in digital order on the said bars,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
2nd. In a calculating machine the combination with ten figure keys, of a series of

page_text: registering devices or bars, a movable carriage by means of which the registering
devices are brought successively in digital order under the control of the figure keys,
and mechanism actuated by the figure keys for imparting to the carriage a step-by-
step movement, substantially as herein before described.
3rd. The combination with ten figure keys, of a series of register-bars, a movable
carriage therefor connections for feeding the said carriage one step on the depression
of any key, an actuating device or plunger for moving the said register bars, and
connections whereby the said actuating device is moved by each key through a
distance corresponding with the numerical value of such key, substantially as herein-
before described.
4th. The combination with ten figure keys, of a series of register bars, a moveable
carriage therefor connections for feeding the said carriage one step, on the depression
of any key, an actuating device or plunger for moving the said register bars, a
stop acting to positively arrest the said bars when they reach the desired position, and
connections whereby the said actuating device and stop are moved by each key
through distances corresponding to the numerial value of such key, substantially as
herein before described.
5th. The combination with the ten figure keys, of the bar carriage movable
relatively to the said keys, a series of register bars on the said carriage, and each
movable independently thereof, a plunger or actuating device and a stop arm or lever
to which the register bars are presented successively by the movement of the bar
carriage, connections between the plunger and stop arm and the figure keys whereby
the said plunger and stop arm are moved by each key through a distance corresponding
to the numerical value of the key, and mechanism for moving the said carriage step-
by-step as the said keys are actuated, so that a number is set up upon the said bars
by depressing consecutively the keys corresponding to such number in their proper
digital order, substantially as herein before described.
6th. The combination with the actuating plunger and the register bars operated
thereby, of the ten figure keys, and their stems, the flanges on the said stems each
adapted to impart to the said plunger a definite movement, different for each flange
and corresponding to the numerical value of the said key, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
7th. The combination with a series of register bars each having a lug or projection
thereon, of a plunger and a stop arm acting on opposite sides of the projections or
lugs respectively to move each bar to, and arrest it in a definite position, and flanges
on the key stems adapted to impart to the said plunger and stop arm a definite
movement different for each key and corresponding to the numerical value of the key
struck, substantially as hereinbefore described.
8th. The combination with the figure keys of the register bars, a carriage for the
said bars movable relatively to the said keys to bring the bars successively under the
action thereof connections whereby the bars are moved a distance corresponding to
the numerical value of the keys acting thereon, a register carriage supporting the bar
carriage and bars, totalizing or figure wheels and a register key or device for moving
the register carriage and causing the register bars to act upon and transfer to the
figure wheels the number set up on the said bars substantially as hereinbefore
described.
9th. The combination of the ten figure keys, the plunger actuated through a rock
bar under the control of all the said keys, the register bars, the bar carriage means
for imparting to the latter an intermittent movement, the register carriage supporting
the bar carriage the register key or lever, and the figure wheels substantially as
herein before described.
10th. The combination with the figure keys and registering mechanism actuated
thereby, of the bar-carriage movable intermittently by the said keys, the register bars
mounted and movable thereon transversely of the movement of said carriage, the
register carriage supporting the bar carriage and bars, and movable in a line parallel
with the movement of the latter, the figure wheels with which the bars are engaged

page_text: by the movement of the register carriage, and means for moving and returning the
latter substantially as hereinbefore described.
11th. The combination with the figure keys and registering mechanism actuated
thereby, of the bar carriage movable intermittently by the said keys, a detent
normally preventing the return of the said carriage, the register bars on the said
carriage, the register carriage supporting the said bar carriage, and movable in a
direction transversely to the movement thereof, totalizing or figure wheels actuated
by the said register bars upon the advance of the figure wheels, means for advancing
and returning the register carriage, and a trip for automatically releasing the bar
carriage from its detent upon the return of the register carriage, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
12th. The combination of the figure wheels, the register bars for acting thereon,
the bar carriage movable intermittently a detent for the said bar carriage, the register
carriage for advancing the register bars to the figure wheels release inechanisin for
normally releasing the bar carriage from the said detent on the return of the register
carriage and a multiplication key or device adapted when actuated to prevent the
action of the said release mechanism substantially as hereinbefore described.
13th. The combination of the figure wheels the register-bars for acting thereon,
the bar carriage, the register carriage for advancing the bar carriage and bars to the
figure wheels, and the register lock, actuated upon the advance movement of the
register carriage to prevent its return until it has completed its full stroke, substan-
tially as herein before described.
14th. The combination with the figure keys and registering mechanism actuated
thereby, of the bar-carriage movable intermittently by the said keys a series of
register bars movable independently upon the said carriage, a detent for each bar for
holding it in its advanced position, and a trip acting automatically upon the return
of the said carriage to disengage all the said detents substantially as herein before
described.
15th. The combination with the figure keys and registering mechanism actuated
thereby, of the register bars, each movable independently of the others by the said
keys and registering mechanism, a register carriage supporting the said bars, a series
of figure wheels, a key or device for advancing the said carriage to bring the said
bars into action upon the said wheels and means for causing the bars to engage the
said wheels upon the advance movement of the carriage, and to be disengaged
therefrom before its return movement begins, substantially as herein before
described.
16th. The combination with the register bars, the bar carriage supporting the said
bars and the register carriage supporting the said bar carriage, of the figure wheels
adapted to be engaged by the register bars upon the advance of the register
carriage, a permanent lock for the figure wheels and means for disengaging the
said lock upon the advance of the register carriage, substantially as herein before
described.
17th. The combination with the register bars, the bar carriage and register
carriage, of the figure wheels mounted to turn independently on a common arbor a
key or lever for advancing the register carriage, to bring the register bars into
engagement with the figure wheels, and carrying devices one for each figure wheel,
and mechanism for bringing each device into action to turn its wheel one space,
when the next adjacent figure wheel completes a revolution substantially as herein-
before described.
18th. The combination with the register bars, the bar carriage, and the register
carriage, of the figure wheels mounted to turn independently on a common arbor and
having a frictional connection with the said arbor carrying mechanism for the figure
wheels, and unison mechanism comprising stops for each wheel to arrest it on
reaching the unison or starting point, when the said arbor is turned in the direction
opposite to the normal rotation of the said wheels, substantially as hereinbefore
described.

page_text: 19th. The combination of the figure wheels, the register bars for acting thereon,
the bar carriage, the figure keys and connections for moving the said carriage step-
by-step in one direction and for registering numbers upon the said bars, and a special
key and connections for moving the said carriage step-by-step in the other direction
substantially as herein before described.
20th. The combination of a series of register bars, a bar carriage on which the bars
are mounted, a register carriage on which the bar carriage is mounted, figure wheels
on which the numbers set up on the bars are adapted to be registered, an escapement
operated to feed the bar carriage step-by-step to the left every time a key is struck in
the operation of setting up a number, means for advancing the register carriage to
register the number on the figure wheels and an escapement raechanism operated by
a key or other device for feeding the bar carriage step-by-step to the right substan-
tially as herein before described.
21st. The combination with the bar carriage, of an escapement and cooperating
spring mechanism for feeding the carriage step-by-step in one direction and an
escapement and cooperating spring mechanisin for feeding the carriage step-by-step
in the opposite direction, the said latter spring mechanism when set having sufficient
power to propel the carriage against the tension of the 'first mentioned spring
mechanism and means for setting the said second spring mechanism substantially as
herein before described.
22nd. The combination of a series of register bars and keys and actuating
devices, an escapement and cooperating spring mechanism actuated by a suitable key
for feeding the bar carriage space-by-space to the left, the said second spring
mechanism having, when wound up, sufficient power to feed the carriage against the
tension exerted by the first mentioned spring mechanism, and connections for auto-
matically winding up the said second spring mechanism during the registry stroke
of the register carriage, substantially as herein before described.
23rd. The combination of a series of register bars, figure keys for operating the
same to set up a number on the bars, means for moving the bar carriage step by
step as each of the figure keys is struck, and a special key adapted, upon a single
depression thereof to move the said carriage a plurality of spaces substantially as
herein before described.
24th. The combination of a series of register bars, figure keys for operating the
same to set up a number on the bars, means for moving the bar carriage step-by-
step as each of the figure keys is struck, and a series of special keys adapted, upon a
single depression, to move the carriage two, three or more spaces, respectively, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
25th. The combination with a carriage and a series of keys, of means for feeding
the carriage step-by-step one space at a time as the said keys are struck, and a special
key adapted, upon a single depression thereof, to advance the carriage two or more
spaces, substantially as herein before described.
26th. The combination with the figure keys and the register bars or devices for
registering a number struck upon the said keys, of locking mechanism operated
upon the depression of any key to lock all the other keys until the said key has been
depressed the full distance, the said locking mechanism comprising a lock-bar having
a series of stop-pins, one for each key, and a cam or inclined surface acting when a
key is depressed to move the said lock-bar to its operative position, substantially as
herein before described.
27th. The combination with a series of register bars, of ten figure keys and
actuating mechanisin operated by the keys for moving the said bars to set up
thereon a number corresponding to the number on the keys struck, a carriage for
the bars, a register carriage on which the bar carriage is mounted, mechanism for
feeding the bar carriage a step to the left every time a figure key is struck, special
cipher keys for feeding the bar carriage two three or more steps to the left,
respectively upon a single depression thereof, figure wheels and an operating lever for
imparting a registry stroke to the register carriage to transfer to the figure wheels
the number set up on the register bars, a tripping device acting on the return of

page_text: the register carriage to automatically return the bar carriage to its normal position,
a special key for throwing the said tripping device out of action during the
operations of multiplication and division, and a right hand shift-key acting through
suitable mechanism to shift the bar-carriage step-by-step to the right, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
28th. The combination with the register carriage, and means for imparting a
registry stroke thereto, of a dash-pot for the said carriage consisting of a cylinder, a
piston working in the said cylinder lugs or projections on the piston rod, and an arm
on the register carriage adapted to make contact with one of the said lugs and move
the piston as the carriage nears the end of its forward and return movements sub-
stantially as herein before described.
29th. The combination with the figure keys and plunger or register actuating
device, of the register bars movable each to ten different positions, a carriage for the
said bars moved intermittently of the said keys to bring the bars successively under
the action of the said plunger, a register carriage on which the bar carriage is mounted,
means for imparting a registry or recording stroke to the said carriage, and printing
mechanism adapted, on the registry or recording stroke of the register carriage to
automatically set up and take an impression of the number set up on the register
bars, substantially as herein before described.
30th. The combination with the figure keys and plunger or register actuating
device, of the register bars movable each to ten different positions a carriage for the
said bars noved intermittently by the said keys to bring the bars successively under
the action of the said plunger, a register-carriage on which the bar carriage is mounted,
means for imparting a registry or recording stroke to the said carriage, printing
wheels and connections for actuating the said printing wheels from the register bars
on the registry stroke of the register carriage to set up on the wheels the number set
up on the bars, and mechanism actuated also on the said registry stroke for taking
an impression of the number set up on the wheels substantially as hereinbefore
described.
31st. The combination with the figure keys and plunger or register actuating
device, of the register bars, movable each to ten different positions, a carriage for the
said bars moved intermittently by the said keys to bring the bars successively under
the action of the said plunger, a register carriage on which the bar carriage is
mounted, means for imparting a registry or recording stroke to the said carriage, and
printing mechanism adapted on the registry or recording stroke of the register
carriage to automatically set up and take an impression of the number set up on the
register bars, and a lever or other suitable device for throwing the printing mechanism
out of operative connection with the other parts of the machine, substantially as
herein before described.
32nd. The combination with the register bars movable to different positions to
set up a number thereon, of a register carriage and a lever for operating
the same to advance the bars to register or record the number set up thereon, a
series of slides adapted by contact with the register bars on the advance movement
of the register carriage to be moved to positions corresponding to the positions of
the register bars respectively, rack bars connected to and movable with the slides
respectively printing wheels movable by the said rack bars respectively to set up a
number corresponding to that set up on the register bars, and means for taking an
impression from the printing wheels substantially as hereinbefore described.
33rd. The combination with the register bars movable to different positions to set
up a number thereon, of a register carriage and a lever for operating the same to
advance the bars to register or record the number set up thereon, a series of slides
adapted, by contact with the register bars on the advance movement of the register
carriage, to be moved to positions corresponding to the positions of the register bars
respectively, rack bars connected to and movable with the slides respectively, printing
wheels movable by the said rack bars respectively to set up a number corresponding
to that set up on the register-bars, means for taking an impression from the printing
wheels, and means for bringing the printing wheels to proper alignment for and

page_text: locking then in such position while the impression is being taken therefrom,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
34th. The combination with the register bars, movable to different positions to set
up a number thereon, of a register carriage and a lever for operating the same to
advance the bars to register or record the number set up thereon a series of slides
adapted by contact with the register bars, on the advance movement of the register
carriage to be moved to positions corresponding to the positions of the register bars
respectively, rack bars connected to and movable with the slides respectively printing
wheels movable by the said rack bars respectively, to set up a number corresponding
to that set up on the register bars, means for taking an impression from the printing
wheels, and means operating on the return movement of the carriage, to return the
printing wheels and their actuating devices to their initial positions substantially as
hereinbefore described.
35th. In the printing mechanism of a calculating machine, the combination with
a surface against which the impression is made of two spools on which an ink ribbon
is wound and fed from one to the other, the said ribbon passing from one of the said
spools over a sheet of paper on the impression surface and returning over a second
sheet of paper placed on the impression surface over the first sheet, whereby a
duplicate impression is taken on two separate sheets by the use of a single ink ribbon,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
36th. In the printing mechanism of a calculating machine the combination with
a hinged frame carrying a printing roller, spools for the ink ribbon, and two guide
rollers for the said ribbon, of a third guide roller mounted on a fixed part of the frame
work and over which the ribbon is looped in passing from one of the guide rollers on
the hinged frame to the other, whereby, when the said hinged frame is lifted a slack
in the ink ribbon is provided for exposing the work to the view of the operator sub-
stantially as herein before described.
37th. In the printing mechanism of a calculating machine the combination with
two ink ribbou spools and means for rotating the same to feed the ribbon from one to
the other along the printing line, and a tripping device for operating automatically
to reverse the direction of rotation of the spools and feed of the ribbon when the
latter becomes completely unwound from one of the spools substantially as herein-
before described.
38th. The calculating machine substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of December 1808
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.