Improvements in or relating to Carburettors.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Carburettors.
I, HENRI EDMOND CASGRAIN, Dentist, of 51, St. John Street, Quebec, Canada,
at present residing at Charing Cross Hotel, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
14**
This invention relates to carburettors, particularly those for internal combus-
tion engines, and I will describe it as adapted to an engine of that description
operated by petroleum spirit, though I wish it to be understood that its
application is not restricted to spirit only as I may use this invention with even
heavy hydrocarbon oils. One of the objects of the invention is to effect the
admixture of the air and fuel and the vapourization of the spirit by pulveriza-
tion rather than by heat, though I may employ heat if I so desire.
The details and general form of the apparatus employed in carrying out this
invention may vary, but the following description will indicate one way in
which it may be effectually operated.
I employ a chamber by preference cylindrical, communicating by a suitable
branch with the engine cylinder, combustion chamber, or admission valve
chamber. Into this chamber extends a pillar carrying the spindle of a turbine
mixer which is rotated by the current of air.or air and vapour as it is drawn into
the cylinder. The lower end of the turbine spindle serves as a valve to close or
open the admission of the fuel, which escapes by openings in the pillar. The
fuel may be supplied by gravity, pump, or other suitable pressure.
Around the base of the pillar are one or more air inlets closed by any con-
venient form of valve, so that the air rises in the space between the pillar and
the walls of the chamber rotating the turbine as above explained. In operation
the turbine is raised preferably by the beforementioned draught of air, the
extent of its motion being controlled by any suitable means, and as it rises it
opens the valve and admits the gasoline or other fuel which then escapes through
the perforated pillar mixing with the incoming air, the two being beaten and the
vapour pulverised, and an intimate admixture effected by the rotating vanes of
the turbine or equivalent device. By this means the necessary fine division of the
fuel is effected without the necessity for applying heat, and although I do not
bind myself to this, I prefer to employ a non-conducting casing outside the
previously mentioned chamber to prevent any unnecessary accession of heat in
the chamber.
It is desirable to control the admission of air by means additional to the
valve previously mentioned, and for this purpose I prefer to employ an air
chamber which may be screwed or otherwise connected to the previously men-
tioned parts, the air being admitted to this chamber through first a wire gauze
screen, and second a leather or other suitable valve or governor. The admission

page_text: of the air to the screen or to the chamber generally may be controlled by a cap,
disc, or equivalent which can be fixed nearer to or farther from the screen or
entrance to the chamber.
As the amount of fuel supplied to the engine is controlled by the extent to
which the turbine spindle is raised and consequently the valve opened, suitable
means may be provided for controlling the amount of this movement; con-
veniently this is effected by a 'screw spindle or stop passing through the cover of
the chamber, and operated by any convenient means from outside. Suitable
means comprises a spring arm with a point adapted to engage with one or more
depressions formed in the cover of the chamber or in some other suitable part,
so that the amount of opening of the valve may be regulated to a known extent
or the opening of the valve entirely stopped if the mechanism be adapted for
this purpose.
I have explained above that I prefer to keep this carburettor cold, my reason
for this being that I find that by introducing the explosive mixture into the
cylinder in a cold condition I obtain better results and more power out of the
engine than if it be introduced hot on account of the expansion of the cool mix-
ture in the hot cylinder increasing its volume and affording a greater total
amount of gas and consequent pressure.
Dated this 30th day of June 1898.
BOULT
& WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Carburettors.
I, HENRI EDMUND CASGRAIN, Dentist, of 51, St. John Street, Quebec, in the
Dominion of Canada, at present residing at Hotel Binda, Rue de l'Echelle, Paris,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement:-
This invention relates to carburettors, particularly those for internal com-
bustion engines, and I will describe it as adapted to an engine of that description
operated by petroleum spirit, though I wish it to be understood that its applica-
tion is not restricted to spirit only as I may use this invention with even heavy
hydro-carbon oils. One of the objects of the invention is to effect the admixture
of the air and fuel and the vapourization of the spirit by "pulverization" rather
than by heat, though I may employ heat if I so desire.
The details and general form of the apparatus employed in carrying out this
invention may vary, but one way in which may be practised will now be
described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 is a vertical central section through a complete carburetter;
Figure 2 is a plan of the carburetter half in section on the line 2-2 of
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is an underside view of the carburettor half in section on the line
3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional plan on the line 4-4 of Figure 1, and
Figure 5 is a plan of a disc with turbine vanes at its circumference, employed
in the carburettor to "pulverize" or finely divide the oil and to control the oil-
valve in the manner hereinafter described.
Like letter indicate like parts throughout the drawings.

page_text: A is a lagged or insulated cylindrical vessel communicating by a branch A'
with the engine cylinder, combustion chamber, or admission-valve chamber. At
the lower portion of this vessel is a disc B into which oil or other liquid fuel
is delivered by gravitation or by a pump or otherwise from the passage B' which
extends into the disc as shown. From this disc a central pillar B2 extends upward
into the vessel A. A minute passage-way B3 "flared" at its upper end affords
communication between the passage B₁ and the interior of the lower end of the
pillar whence small passages B extend laterally through the sides of the pillar
and open into the space around it; a screw plug 16 enables access to be had,
when desired, to the passage-way B. Within the pillar B is a spindle C adapted
to rotate freely therein and carrying at its upper end a disc C₁ which has turbine
vanes C3 at its circumference, disc and vanes almost filling the bore of the vessel A
so that none of the explosive mixture passing through the apparatus can escape
the action of the turbine pulverizer"; the lower end C³ of the spindle is
tapered to constitute a valve which seats itself in the passage-way B³. The con-
struction and mode of operation of this device C, C1, C2, C3, are important features
of the present invention as will hereinafter appear. Around the base of the
pillar B³ are air conduits D extending through the disc B from the bottom to the
top; a non-return valve E with three wings E encircles the pillar B³ immedi-
ately below the passages B and rests upon the top face of the discs with its
wings over the upper ends of the air conduits. This valve readily rises to permit
air to ascend past the pillar B2 through the passage-way which is constricted
around the pillar 132 in order that the speed of the air current through the
apparatus shall be a maximum in that passage-way; the valve E automatically
shuts down over the air conduits D to prevent any return of air and vapour
through them; the extent of its lift is limited by a flange B5 on the pillar B2,
and an angular portion 1316 of the pillar passes through a corresponding angular
hole E in the centre of the valve and prevents the valve from rotating out of its
proper position above the conduits D).
:
Air drawn by the engine through the constricted passage A6 around the
pillar B2 will raise the disc C the extent of its lift being adjustable by the device
hereinafter described as it rises it lifts the spindle C, which raises the valve C²
and permits the petroleum spirit or other liquid fuel to escape from the disc B by
way of the passage-way B into the interior of the pillar 12 whence it issues
laterally in fine streams from the two small passages B into the air flowing past
the wings E of the valve E upward around that pillar. The speed of the current
through the apparatus is increased upon its entry into the constricted passage-
way A6, this increase of speed producing an aspiratory action upon the gasoline
or other liquid fuel and thus tending to maintain uniformity of the flow of liquid
fuel from the orifices 134 despite any variation which may occur in the level or
pressure of oil in the passage B'. The air and liquid fuel meeting and ascending
in the vessel A as described act upon the turbine vanes C³ to rotate the disc anil
the vanes in turn react on the air and liquid mingling them intimately and beat-
ing up and finely subdividing the oil, the explosive mixture thus producqd
passing to the engine by the branch A.
The spindle C, dise Ci, valve C3 and vanes C³ rise only for the suction stroke of
the engine, under the action of the up draught through the apparatus which acts
upon the disc, to lift it, and upon the vanes C³ to spin it in the direction indicated
by the arrow in Figure 5; as soon as the up draught ceases, the turbine, con-
tinuing to spin by reason of its own momentum, screws itself down in the air
and vapour in the vessel A and not only permits the spindle C to drop and close
the valve C but also forces that valve against its seat more quickly than if
gravity alone acted on it, and also more tightly so that the valve will not re-open
accidentally under the influence of vibration or of alteration of level of the liquid
fuel, but will only lift again on the occurrence of the next suction stroke.
In this improved carburettor the necessary fine division of the fuel is effected

page_text: without the necessity for applying heat and although I do not bind myself to
this, I prefer to employ a non-conducting casing outside the previously, men-
tioned vessel A to prevent any unnecessary accession of heat to the vessel from
adjacent hot parts of the engine, such prevention being very important in view
of the thermodynamic economy in working which is well known to arise from
keeping the charges of vapour cool till they get into the engine cylinder. In
the drawings the vessel is provided with an outer casing A2 within which a layer
A3 of a bad conductor of heat is retained against the wall of the vessel.
As the amount of fuel supplied to the engine is controlled by the extent to
which the turbine spindle is raised and consequently the valve C³ opened,
means should be provided for varying the amount of this movement; in the
example illustrated this control is effected by a screw F passing through the
cover A of the vessel A and extending down into proximity with the upper end
of the spindle C; a spring arm F" is secured upon the outer end of the screw F
by which it may be screwed in, or out as desired; this spring arm has a point F2
adapted to engage with one or more depressions, A³ formed in the cover A so as
to retain the screw F in any position to which it may be adjusted for regulating
the amount of lift of the valve spindle C.
It is preferred to guard against return flow of vapour and air from the car-
burettor by means additional to the valve E previously mentioned, and for this
purpose it is preferred to employ an air chamber G screwed to the lower' end of
the vessel A, the air passing into this chamber through first, a wire gauze
screen G¹ fixed across its lower end, and second, a leather or other suitable non-
return válve G2 secured in the airway just within the screen and forming a safe
guard against return flow additional to that afforded by the valve E.
J
The admission of the air through the screen or to the chamber generally, may
be controlled by a cap or disc H screwed on to a stem G³ extending from the
lower end of the chamber G and capable of being adjusted nearer to or farther
from the screen as desired. I have above explained that I prefer to keep this car-
burettor cold, my reason for this being that I find by introducing the explosive
mixture into the cylinder of the engine at a low temperature I obtain better
results and more power than if it were introduced hot; the expansion of the cold
mixture in the hot cylinder increases its pressure and the coolness of the entering
charge reduces the quantity of jacket water or air required or obviates the
necessity for relying on an external medium for cooling the cylinder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;-
1. In a carburettor a turbine "pulveriser" approximately filling the bore for
the purpose described.
2. In a carburettor a turbine "pulveriser" operating in the manner described
to force down the fuel valve with a screw motion.
'
1..
3. In a carburettor a turbine "pulveriser" operating as a valve which is
closed by its weight and is opened against its weight by the suction of the
cylinder.
4. A carburettor of the kind described in which there is a constricted airway As
in proximity to which fuel passages such as B4 open.
I
5. A carburettor of the kind described in which there is a constricted air-
way A6 in proximity to the turbine pulveriser for the purpose specified.
11
6. In a carburettor a turbine "pulveriser" mounted in a pillar such as B2 and
carrying a valve C2 which has its seating in a fuel way in the pillar.
1
7. In a carburettor of the kind described the combination with a turbine
"pulveriser" of an adjustable stop such as F for the valve C² with or without
a spring detent.
8. The combination with a carburettor of the kind described of two' non-return
valves in succession in the air way leading to the turbine "pulveriser."

page_text: 9. In a carburettor of the kind described the combination with a screen in the
air way of a cap adjustable in proximity to the screen for the purpose specified.
10. A lagged or insulated carburettor for the purpose specified.
11. The complete carburettor as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.