An Improved Resilient Tyre for Cycles, Carriages, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Resilient Tyre for Cycles, Carriages, and other
Vehicles.
I JOHANNES AVETICIAN CALANTARIENTS, of 15 York Place, Scarborough, Doctor of
Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to secure resiliency in the tyre, and so break the
shock to the wheel from inequalities of the ground, and at the same time increase
the speed of vehicles.
The invention consists in fixing along the entire periphery of the wheel, a number
of curved springs at short distances from one another, so arranged that the curves
extend over the intermediate spaces, and, when the wheel revolves, the whole weight
of the wheel & carriage rests upon those springs at every point, without allowing
any part of the body of the rim to touch the ground.
The springs have the curve of an arc of a circle, and may be each as broad the
rim, but I prefer them digitated, and the number of digits in each spring varying
alternately by one, and so arranged that when a spring is bent by the weight of the
vehicle beyond the space between each spring, the digits interlace, or find space
between the digits of spring before it.
All the springs have the same curve and direction, and the free ends extend
away from the direction of motion of the wheel. When digitated springs are used,
the free ends are extended in a straight line a short distance into the interspaces of
the spring before it, and the points slightly inclined towards the rim.
The body of the tyre to which the springs are attached may be of wood, or a
combination of wood and metal, or entirely of metal, but I prefer steel tubing, round,
or of a lenticular shape, the interior of which is filled with aluminium, for additional
strength.
Dated this 7th day of September 1896.
NEWTON & SUN,
Agents for the Applicant.
An Improved Resilient Tyre for Cycles, Carriages, and other
Vehicles.
I JOHANNES AVETICIAN CALANTARIENTS, of 15 York Place, Scarborough, Doctor of
Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
1

page_text: shock to the wheel from the inequalities of the ground, and at the same time.
increase the speed of vehicles.
The invention consists in fixing along the entire periphery of the wheel, a number
of curved springs at short, distances from one another, so arranged that the curves
extend over the intermediate spaces, and, when the wheel revolves, the whole weight
of the wheel and carriage rests upon those springs, without allowing any part of the
body of the rim to touch the ground.
The springs have, by preference, the curve of an are of a circle the size of which
varies according to the amount of resiliency required, the larger curve giving the
greater resiliency, but at the sune time requiring greater strength in the springs;
or, the size of the spring remaining the same, the resiliency of the spring may be
increased by introducing one or more spirals in some part of its course.
All the springs have the same curve and direction, and the free ends extend away
from the direction of motion of the wheel.
The springs are made preferably of the best steel, suitably tempered, so that they
always keep their shape and relation to the rin, notwithstanding the repeated
bending and rebounding whilst in use. The springs may be electroplated with any
desired metal, or painted or enamelled with any preservative material, or coated with
rubber, which would deaden the metallic sound of the touch of the springs against
the ground, if such a result is found desirable.
The pattern of the springs may be varied, so long as the characteristics above
mentioned are adhered to. By way of example, I will describe one form of spring
which is illustrated at Figs. I, II, and III. of the Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a part of the rim with springs.
Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation.
Fig. 3 is a plan view.
The same letters refer to similar parts in all the drawings.
A is the rim; B the springs fixed in the rim by their stems B2; B₁ is a spiral on
each side introduced in the course of the spring, to give it additional resiliency. The
direction of the stem B2 is that of a radius from the centre of the wheel to the
circumference, but the spring above the stem forms a curve, as best seen at Fig. 1.
The spring consists of a loop of round or angular steel wire, shaped something like
a lanceolate leaf, with both ends rounded.
From the centre of the broad end extends the stem B2, which is of a square or
angular shape, fitting into a similar shaped socket in the rim, the end projecting
beyond the rim being round, and threaded to receive the nut at B, by which the
spring is fixed to the rim.
The springs are arranged at convenient distances from one another, and transversely
to the rim, as shown at Fig. 2, so that their extremities extend along the central
line of the circumference of the rim. The object of the stem being inade square,
is to prevent the slightest side movement of the spring, but the same object may be
attained also by other means, such as by making a pin to project downwards from
the base of the spring on each side of the stem, and sink into the rim.
Instead of making perforations in the rim for the springs, I sometimes fix my
springs on a strip of steel or other metal of the required length, and placing this
round the rim, fasten it on by one or more screws, by which means the strip can
also be tightened whenever required.
I use suitable washers of steel or other material, which, in the case of wooden
rims, are fixed on in any convenient manner. In the case of hollow steel rims, I
fasten these washers on the rim by soldering, rivetting, or any other convenient
manner, so as to strengthen the rim in those points.
An important advantage of my system of constructing a tyre, is, that any spring
that is worn out or damaged by accident, can be removed, and a fresh one substituted
in a moment with the greatest ease. My tyre, therefore, never becomes completely
worn out, and would continue in good working order as long as the rim holds out.
Even when the rim is worn out or broken, the springs may be removed, and fixed on
a fresh rim.

page_text: As to the rim, any kind will answer that is sufficiently strong and suitable for the
purpose.
A cycle or other vehicle fitted with wheels having the above described tyre, when
in use, would act in this manner :-The weight of cycle and rider would cause the
springs to bend against the ground, the outer extremities coming nearer and nearer
towards the rim, according to the amount of weight, the part of each spring
beyond the spiral finding free space for such movement between the limbs of the
spring before it. If there are any irregularities on the ground, the springs equalize
it by bending each a little more or a little less, according to circumstances, each
spring, and every part of each spring, taking an individual part in the process, and
thus swallowing up, as it were, all the innumerable impediments, and making it
imperceptible to the rider. So far the action of my tyre is exactly equivalent to
that of the pneumatic tyre. But when, by the revolution of the wheel the springs
are liberated from the pressure of the weight, they rebound to their former height,
and, in so doing, give a powerful forward impetus to the wheel, with a force equal
to the weight with which they were compressed. In addition, therefore, to the
simply up-and-down movement of the pneumatic tyre, my tyre converts the weight
of the rider into a propelling force.
When a wheel with a pneumatic tyre is let fall on the ground, it rebounds up
and down, like an india rubber ball, but with my tyre, it rebounds not only up, but
springs forward as well. This action, therefore, is a distinct and very important
advantage in favor of my present invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The hereinbefore described improvement in tyres for wheels, wherein springs of
curved form are attached to the periphery at suitable intervals, so that their free
ends extend in a direction opposite to that of the wheel's rotation, when the vehicle
advances, as and for the purpose above set forth.
2. Providing the periphery of cycle and other wheels with curved springs of loop
form, as shewn and described, so arranged as to overlap without touching one another,
under compression, in the manner set forth.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.