IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Garlick, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garlick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1876.
JOHN GARLICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Builder.
MENTS IN KILNS."
"IMPROVE-
My Invention relates to what are known as continuous kilns, employed for baking
or burning bricks, tiles, lime, stone, and other substances, and consists of a peculiar
combination and arrangement of the chambers or ovens in which the articles are
baked or burnt with the flues or passages for conducting the heated gases from one
chamber to another and with the shafts or chimneys for discharging the products
of combustion from the kiln.
According to my Invention the kiln is made of an oblong shape, and composed
of a series of chambers or ovens, each provided with fire-places in its side walls,
which chambers or ovens are arranged side by side separately and independently of
each other, but connected the one with the other and with the chimneys situate at
opposite ends of the kiln by means of a series of parallel longitudinal flues or
passages formed beneath the floor of the kiln, and having openings on their upper
side communicating with the several chambers or ovens, and of a series of upper
parallel longitudinal flues or passages constituting channels which lead from one
shaft or chimney to the other, and communicate with the several chambers or ovens
at or near their roofs. In combination with this series of upper parallel flues or
passages I also employ a similar series arranged by preference above them for the
purpose of providing facilities for conveying the heated gases from one remote
chamber or oven to another without the necessity for conducting them through the
intervening chambers or ovens, and also of providing more rapid and effective
means of cooling the articles previously to their removal. The whole of the flues
or passages are provided with valves or dampers at suitable intervals for the
convenience of diverting the current of heated gases and conducting it as and
where required, according to circumstances.
The valves or dampers of one or both series of the upper flues or passages are

page_text: suspended and counterbalanced by means of weights for the convenience of
operating them.
The chambers or arms are constructed of sufficient size to admit of the horse
and cart for the removal of the articles being introduced therein at one end bodily,
that is to say, backed into the chambers or ovens in lieu of the method ordinary
employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Garlick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 16th March
1877.
JOHN GARLICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Builder.
MENTS IN KILNS."
" IMPROVE-
My said Invention relates to what are known as continuous kilns, employed for
baking or burning bricks, tiles, limestone, and other substances, and consists of a
peculiar combination and arrangement of the chambers or ovens in which the
articles are baked or burnt with the flues or passages for conducting the heated
gases from one chamber to another and with the shafts or chimneys for discharging
the products of combustion from the kiln.
According to my Invention the kiln is made of an oblong shape, and composed
of a series of chambers or ovens, each provided with fire-places in its side walls,
which chambers or ovens are arranged side by side separately and independently of
each other, but connected the one with the other and with the chimneys situate at
opposite ends of the kiln by means of a series of parallel longitudinal flues or
passages formed beneath the floor of the kiln, and having openings on their upper
side communicating with the several chambers or ovens, and of a series of upper
parallel longitudinal flues or passages constituting channels, which lead from one
shaft or chimney to the other, and communicate with the several chambers or ovens
at or near their roofs. In combination with this series of upper parallel flues or
passages I also employ another similar series of flues arranged by preference above
them for the purpose of providing facilities for conveying the heated gases from
one remote chamber or oven to another without the necessity for conducting them
through the intervening chambers or ovens, and also of providing more rapid and
effective means of cooling the articles previously to their removal. The whole of
the flues or passages are provided with valves or dampers at suitable intervals for
the convenience of diverting the current of heated gases and conducting it as and
where required, according to circumstances.
The chambers or ovens are constructed of sufficient size to admit of a horse and
cart being backed therein at one end for the introduction and removal of the
articles in lieu of the method ordinarily required.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the saine letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawings is a longitudinal section of a
continuous kiln constructed according to my Invention; Figure 2 is a plan of the
same; Figure 3 is a horizontal section taken along the line 1-2, in Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a transverse section taken along the line 3-4, in Figure 2; and Figure 5
is a similar section taken along the line 5-6, Figure 2.
The kiln may be constructed with any desired number of chambers or ovens, but
I have illustrated in my Drawing for the purpose of describing my Invention a
kiln containing a series of five ovens, numbered respectively 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
These ovens are arranged at a short distance apart, but are in communication with
each other at their lower parts by a series of underground flues A, arranged beneath

page_text: the perforated floors of the ovens, and at their upper parts or roofs by two series of
flues, B and C. These two upper series of flues communicate with each other and
with two chimnies D, D¹, arranged at the opposite ends of the kiln, with which
chimneys the flues A also communicate for the purpose of carrying off the waste
products of combustion from the ovens and for creating the necessary draft for
working the kiln. The flues A, B, and C, and the perforations in the floors of the
ovens are fitted respectively with dampers, a, b, c, and d, for the purpose of divert-
ing the course of the heated products of combustion, and causing them to pass
from the interior of one oven to the interior of any one or more of the other ovens,
as required, the dampers B, C, being by preference suspended and opened and
closed by means of counterbalanced levers, but they may be operated by any other
suitable means. As an example of one mode of working my improved kiln I first
charge two of the ovens, say Nos. 1 and 2, with green bricks, which I stack in the
most suitable manner to admit of the free circulation amongst them of the gases
and heated products of combustion entering the ovens. When the ovens are fully
charged their entrances are built up or closed, and I then close the dampers b
situate in the series of flues B between the oven No. 1 and the chimney D, and
between the oven No. 2 and the chimney D', those situate between the ovens No. 1
and No. 2 remaining open; I also close the whole of the dampers c in the flue C,
and the dampers d in the floors of the ovens Nos. 1, 3, 4, and 5. I then kindle
fires in the fire-places e on both sides of the oven No. 1, the gases and heated
products of combustion from which enter at the lower portion of the oven, and
after circulating amongst the bricks pass out from the top into the flues B, thence
into the oven No. 2 at the roof thereof, and circulate in a downward direction
amongst the bricks contained therein, passing thence through the perforations in
the floor into the flue A, from which they are caused to enter one or other of the
chimnies D or D¹ by opening accordingly either the dampers a situate between the
oven No. 2 and the chimney D, or those situate between the oven No. 2 and the
chimney D¹. When the bricks contained in the oven No. 1 are sufficiently dried or
baked the fires are extinguished and the bricks allowed to cool; they are then
removed and a fresh charge of green bricks introduced and the entrance closed.
Fires are then kindled in the fire-places e of the oven No. 2, the dampers & in the
floor thereof closed, and those of the oven No. 1 opened; the gases and heated
products of combustion from the fires then circulate in an upward direction amongst
the bricks contained in oven No. 2 and pass into the upper part of the oven No.
through the flues B, thence through the perforations in the floor of the oven No. 1
into the flues A, and finally escape into one or other of the chimneys D or D¹ in
the manner berein-before described. The bricks are then removed from the oven
No. 2 when sufficiently baked and cooled, and a fresh charge of green bricks
introduced therein and fires kindred in oven No. 1, and so on continuously, each of
the ovens Nos. 1 and 2 being alternately charged with green bricks, the heat from
one oven serving to partially bake those contained in the other oven. Any number
of ovens may be similarly worked at one time by opening and closing the required
dampers in the flues for conducting the gases and heated products of combustion in
the proper direction. If, for example, it is required to work at the same time the
fire-ovens illustrated by my Drawings the whole of the ovens are charged with
green bricks, and commencing with oven No. 1 (for example) the perforations in
the floor thereof are closed by the dampers d, and fires are kindled in the fire-
places e. The gases and heated products of combustion then circulate through the
oven No. 1, enter and pass through the oven 2 in the manner herein-before described,
but in lieu of passing therefrom into the chimney they are caused to enter the oven
No. 3 by closing the dampers a situate between the oven No. 1 and the chimney D
and those between ovens Nod. 3 and 4, and between the oven No. 5 and the
chimney D¹. After circulating through the oven No. 3 the gases and heated
products of combustion pass through the flues B into the oven number 4, thence
through the perforations in the floor into the flues A, from whence they enter the
oven No. 5 through the perforations in its floor, and finally escape through the flues

page_text: B into the chimney D¹. When the bricks contained in the oven No. 1 are suffi-
ciently baked they are allowed to cool, and are then removed and a fresh charge of
green bricks introduced, and fires are kindled in the fire-places e of the oven No. 2.
The following dampers are then closed, videlicet, those marked b situate in the flues
B between the oven No. 5 and the chimney D', between the ovens Nos. 2 and 3 and
the flues C, and between the oven No. 4 and the flues C on the right-hand side, the
dampers a between the ovens No. 1 and No. 2, between the ovens Nos. 3 and 4,
and between the oven 5 and the chimney D', the other dampers remaining open.
The current of the gases and heated products of combustion from the oven No. 2
will then follow the course indicated by the dotted arrow in Figure 1 of my
Drawings, videlicit, they will pass down through the floor of the oven No. 2 up
through the floor of the oven No. 3, along the flue B into the top of the oven No. 4,
down through the perforations in the floor thereof, up through the floor of the oven
No. 5, from whence they pass along the flues C and enter the top of the oven No. 1,
and thence through the perforations in the bottom thereof escape into the chimney D.
The bricks contained in the oven No. 2 are next removed and a fresh charge of
green bricks introduced therein and fires are kindled in the oven No. 3. The gases
and heated products of combustion are then caused (by opening and closing the
required dampers) to pass from the oven No. 3 through the ovens Nos. 4 and 5, and
return along the flues C to the oven No. 1, thence pass into oven No. 2, and finally
escape through the flues A to the chimney D¹.
The remaining ovens are worked in a similar manner, and so on continuously,
the heat from one oven serving to assist in drying the contents of the remaining
ovens, and thereby effect a considerable saving in the consumption of fuel. The
modes herein-before described of working the kiln are given only as examples, as
it is obvious that it may be worked in a variety of ways, as circumstances may
require.
For example, the kiln may be worked from both ends simultaneously by kindling
fires in the fire-places e of the ovens Nos. 1 and 5 at the same time, and then the
ovens Nos. 2 and 4 at the same time, and finally in the oven No. 3, the direction of
the heated products of combustion being regulated according to the requirements
of the operation, as will be well understood by competent persons conversant with
the working of continuous kilns.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original, and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent, is, the combination in a kiln of a series of separate or independent
chambers or ovens connected together and to two chimneys situate one at each end
of the kiln by means of upper and under flues, all arranged substantially in the
manner herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garlick, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.
TATTY
JOHN GARLICK. (L.S.)