NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR PROAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HOOKS USED PRINCIPALLY AS DRESS FASTENINGS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Farmer, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and William Farmer, of Birmingham aforesaid,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Farmer and
William Farmer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st December 1860.
We, CHARLES FARMER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM FARMER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HOOKS USED PRINCIPALLY
AS DRESS FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the new or improved machinery, herein-after
described, for manufacturing the wire hooks of the ordinary hook-and-eye
fastening. The said machinery consists of the following essential parts,-a
feeder of the ordinary construction supplies the wire into the machine by an
alternating motion. The wire after passing from the feeder is supported by
guides. A cutter cuts off the wire of the required length. Immediately under-
neath the wire two horizontal pegs are situated, across which the wire is
supported. A flat tool, somewhat resembling the blade of a knife, descends, and
pressing upon the middle of the wire doubles it by carrying it between the
Price S

page_text: said pegs, the two ends of the wire standing up above the pegs. The said
pegs approach nearer to each other. A tool of a fork-shape next descends
and turns the ends of the wire over the pegs. Two side dies having motion
in a horizontal plane approach one on either side, and bend the ends of the
wires under the pegs. thereby completing the needle holes of the hook. The
knife-shaped tool rises from between the two branches of the doubled wire,
and the pegs around which the needle holes are still situated approach each
other. The side dies approach each other at the same time, and press close
together the two branches of the doubled wire. The hook is now complete,
excepting that the lower part requires to be bent over the other part, or to
have the hook-shape given to it. The upper part of the hook being securely
held between the side dies, a bolt advances underneath the said dies, and bends
the lower unsupported part of the unfinished hook into a horizontal position.
A roller approaches and bends up the said horizontal part into a vertical posi-
tion, thus bringing it parallel to the part held in the side dies. The said roller
also planishes the bent-up part or beak of the hook. the said roller passing
over the said beak with great pressure. the beak being supported during
planishing by the face of the side dies. The side dies opening a tool descends
obliquely and pushes the finished hook from the pegs. The motion of the
several parts are communicated from a principal shaft. by means of cams and
levers. The principal novelty in our new or improved machinery is the pair
of side dies, in which the hook is held during the final bending of the beak,
and by which the beak is supported during planishing.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Cliarles Farmer and William Farmer in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th May 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
FARMER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, and
WILLIAM FARMER, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of December. in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Charles Farmer and William Farmer, Her special licence that we, the
said Charles Farmer and William Farmer, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Farmer and William Farmer,

page_text: our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW CR IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF THE HOOKS USED PRINCIPALLY AS DRESS FASTENINGS,'
upon the condition (amonst others) that we, the said Charles Farmer and
William Farmer, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the samic to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Farmer, on behalf of myself and
the said Charles Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists of the new or improved machinery, herein-after
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, for manufacturing
the wire hooks of the ordinary hook-and-eye fastening.
Figure represents a plan, and Figure 2 a side elevation (with the feeder
removed), of our new or improved machinery. drawn to a quarter scale;
Figure 3 represents a plan of the full size of the more important working
tools. The other Figures represent detached portions of the same, as herein-
after explained. The said machinery is constructed and actuated in the fol-
lowing manner: A feeder a supplies the wire d into the machine; the said
feeder being similar to that ordinarily employed for like purposes. and we
therefore do not consider it necessary to describe the said feeder. The wire d
passes from the feeder a through the support or guide a over the pegs c,,
and into the guide a', the length of the wire fed into the machine being regu-
lated by the stop a; a cutter b descending cuts off the wire d of the required
length. The cut-off wire is now supported in the guides, a'. A flat
tool or blade e (shewn separately in side and front elevations of the full size in
Figure 4) descends, and pressing upon the middle of the wired doubles it
by carrying it between the conical pegs e, c, the said pegs being so far apart.
that when the wire is carried down by the tool e, it is bent very nearly into the
form of the letter V, the two ends of the wire standing up above the said pegs;
f is a forked spring, carried by the lever to which the tool e is affixed; the
said fork opens out the ends of the wire into a nearly horizontal position,

page_text: and holds them on the pegs c, c, until the descent of the tool g. The pegs
c, c, approach nearer to each other, and a tool g of a fork shape (shewn sepa-
rately in front and side elevations of the full size in Figure 5) descends and
turns the ends of the wire downwards over the pegs c, c. Two side dies h, i,
(shewn separately in plan and front and side elevations of the full size in
Figure 6) approach on either side in a horizontal plane, and bend the vertical
ends of the wire under the pegs c. c. The knife-shaped tool e rises from
between the two branches of the double wire, and the pegs c, c, around which
the needle holes are situated, approach each other. The side dies h, i,
approach nearer to each other at the same time, and press close together the
two branches of the doubled wire. The lower part of the unfinished hook is
next bent up or doubled back upon the upper part so as to complete the hook
shape. The upper part of the hook, that is, the part immediately below the
needle holes d³, being securely held by the side dies h, i; a bolt k, shewn in
dotted lines in Figure 2, advances horizontally underneath that part of the
dies by which the hook is held, and bends the lower unsupported part of the
hook into a horizontal position. The horizontal part of the hook is marked 1,
in Figure 2. The said part I requires next to be bent upwards, and this is
effected by the roller n. The said roller n rising bends up the horizontal
part into a vertical position, thus bringing the said part 1 parallel to the part
held in the dies . . The said roller n also planishes the bent-up part or
beak of the hook, the said roller passing over the said beak of the hook with
great pressure; the beak being supported during planishing by the face of the
side dies h, i. The position of the hook in the dies h, i. after it has been
formed and planished, is seen in Figure 6. The side dies h, i, opening a tool m
descends obliquely, and pushes the finished hook from the pegs c, c.
The motions of the several parts are communicated from a principal shaft o
driven by a band p, cams on the said shaft o acting upon levers, which give
motion to the several tools. The feeding mechanism a is actuated by
cams a, a, but as the said mechanism is not new, we do not consider it
necessary to describe it. The cutter b is worked by the lever b, which turns
upon the centre b, and is actuated by the face of the cam b The return
motion of the lever b is produced by the spring b. The pegs c, -c, are fixed
in levers c, which turn upon centres c³; a wedge c' being pressed between the
screw heads in the ends of the levers c, closes the pegs c. c. On the retiring
of the wedge c, the pegs c, c. are opened by the pressure of the springs c
acting on the levers c. The wedge c' is fixed on a lever c, which turns upon
a centre c, the said lever being actuated by the cam 8. The said lever c
also causes the advance of the bolt for bending the lower part of the hook,

page_text: as will be understood by an examination of Figure 2. The return motion of
the bolt is effected by the spring . see Figure 1. The motion of the tool e
is effected by the lever e² acted upon by the cam et.
The mechanism by which the tool e is actuated is shewn in elevation in
Figure 2 A. The lever e² turns upon a centre et, and a cranked lever e bears
at its lower end on the cam e³, and at its upper end against the lower end of
the lever e². The return motion of the lever e is effected by the spring e.
The forked tool g is fixed on the upper end of the cranked lever g, turning
upon the axis g; the lower end of the said lever g bears against and is moved
by the cam g'. The side dies h, i, are fixed on the tops of the levers ². P
actuated by the cams ",, respectively. The bolt is worked by the lever c",
as herein-before explained. The tool m is worked by the lever m², the lower
wedge-shaped end of which is acted upon by the wedge-shaped end of the
lever m³, and the latter by the cam m The roller n is fixed upon a cranked
lever n turning on the centre 3. The lower end of the lever n, shewn in
dotted lines in Figure 2, is acted upon by the upper end of the cranked
lever n, the upper part of which is indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2.
A roller on the lower end of the cranked lever n' bears upon the cam non
the shaft o. The return motion of the lever n is produced by the spring n
Figure represents in plan a modification of the dies h, i, and also front
and side elevation of them: Figure 8 represents in front elevation and plan
another modification of the dies h, i; and Figure 9 represents in plan a pair
of the dies h, i, each of the said dies being made in two parts.
part of either of the dies is worn, it may be replaced by a new part. Figures 10
and 11 represent the cams by which the feeders are actuated; Figure 12
represents the cam by which the cutter is actuated; Figure 13 represents
the cam by which the tool e is actuated; Figure 14 represents the cam by
which the forked tool is actuated Figure 15 represents one of the cams by
which the side dies h, i, are actuated; Figure 16 represents the cam by which
the bolt and pegs c, c, are worked; Figure 17 represents the cam by which
the roller n is actuated; and Figure 18 represents the cam by which the
tool m is actuated. The several cams, Figures 10 to 18, both inclusive, are
drawn full size.
When one
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of our said Invention; but
we claim as our Invention,-
;
Firstly, the general arrangement or combination of parts of the machinery

page_text: herein before described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, for
manufacturing the hooks used principally as dress fastenings.
Secondly, the use in machinery for manufacturing the hooks used principally
as dress fastenings of the side dies or tools herein-before described and illus-
trated in Figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, and 9. of the accompanying. Drawings, by
which the needle holes of the hook are completed, and the doubled wire of the
partially formed hook closed, which said dies or tools also hold the partially
formed hook during the bending of the lower part to form the beak of the
hook, and during the planishing of the said beak.
In witness whereof. 1. the said William Farmer. have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
WILLIAM FARMER. (L.S.)