AN IMPROVED MODE OF REVIVING BONE BLACK AFTER IT HAS BEEN EXHAUSTED BY SUGAR REFINING OR OTHER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Rogers, of the City of Brooklyn, in the
State of New York, one of the United States of America, but at
present residing at 44, Castle Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF REVIVING
BONE BLACK AFTER IT HAS BEEN EXHAUSTED BY SUGAR REFINING OR OTHER
MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS."-Partly a communication from abroad
by Laurence Ried, of the City of New York, in the United States
aforesaid.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Rogers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd October 1868.
I, JOHN ROGERS, of the City of Brooklyn, in the State of New
York, one of the United States of America, but at present residing
at 44, Castle Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF

page_text: REVIVING BONE BLACK AFTER IT HAS BEEN EXHAUSTED BY SUGAR REFINING OR
OTHER MANUFACTURING OPERATIONS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists of, first, of the after treatment of exhausted
bone black or animal charcoal by neutralizing any excess of lime
present by the use of a solution of the superphosphate of lime.
Secondly, by removing any excess of organic matter present in the
exhausted bone black by steeping it in a solution of nitrate of ammonia,
and then reburning it, the nitrate of ammonia causing a slow com-
bustion in the animal charcoal, its oxygen combining with the carbon
and hydrogen of the organic matter, and which compounds being
disipated in the gascous form increases the porosity.and power of the
bone black or animal charcoal.
In the first part, or neutralizing process, the exhausted charcoal after
being washed is steeped in a solution of superphosphate of lime for
about twelve hours, from one to five pounds of the superphosphate
of lime is used for every one hundred pounds of the charcoal, which
is placed in a suitable vessel and covered with water previous to the
addition of the superphosphate. The quantity is regulated by the
necessity of the case, and the workmen by handling the charcoal and
observing its power when reburned will become expert in its use.
The solution of superphosphate of lime is prepared by placing in a
cask capable of containing one hundred gallons seventy-five pounds
of oil of vitriol previously mixed with thirty gallons of water, and
adding by degrees to this mixture one hundred pounds of bone black
or burned bones in fine powder; the operation takes about twelve hours,
during which time stir it well, then fill up the cask with water, allowing
the sediment which is large to subside; the clear solution is the super-
phosphate of lime, for the production of phosphate of lime as here
described is not claimed as any part of this Invention.
In relation to the portion of the Invention for removing organic
matter from the exhausted charcoal, after it has been washed with water
or steeped in the solution of superphosphate of lime it is drained and
steeped in a dilute solution of the nitrate of ammonia, the proportions
employed being for one hundred pounds of the charcoal placed in a
cask and covered with water from one to ten pounds of a strong
solution of nitrate of ammonia is added, and the whole allowed to
stand for twelve hours, then the charcoal is drained and reburned. The
solution of nitrate of ammonia is prepared by placing in an earthen

page_text: or wooden vessel (earthen preferred) twenty pounds of carbonate of
ammonia, and ten gallons of water, then gradually adding a sufficiency of
nitric acid to neutralize the ammonia, the carbonic acid gas escapes with
considerable effervescence, the nitric acid replacing that body in the
carbonate of ammonia, and forming a solution of nitrate of ammonia.
This mode of producing the nitrate of ammonia is not claimed, but
what is considered new and is desired to secure by Letters Patent is,
the use of superphosphate of lime in neutralizing any excess of lime
in exhausted animal charcoal, and the use of a solution of nitrate of
ammonia in removing organic matter and increasing the porosity of
animal charcoal as herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Rogers in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ROGERS, of the City of Brooklyn, in the State of New York, one of
the United States of America, but at present residing at 44, Castle
Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-second
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Hor heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Rogers, Her special licence that I,
the said John Rogers, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said John Rogers, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF REVIVING BONE BLACK
AFTER IT HAS BEEN EXHAUSTED BY SUGAR REFINING OR OTHER MANUFACTURING
OPERATIONS," partly a communication to me from abroad by Lawrence
Ried, of the City of New York, in the United States aforesaid, and
partly the Invention and discovery of myself, upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that I, the said John Rogers, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
any of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and causé the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the.
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Rogers, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
:-
This my said Invention consists, first, of the after-treatment of
exhausted bone black or animal charcoal by neutralizing any excess
of lime present by the use of a solution of the superposphate of lime.
Secondly, I remove any excess of organic matter present in the
exhausted bone black by steeping it in a solution of nitrate of ammonia,
and then reburning it, the nitrate of ammonia causing a slow combustion
in the animal charcoal, its oxygen combining with the carbon and
hydrogen of the organic matter, and which compounds being disipated
in the gaseous form, increases the porosity and power of the bone black
or animal charcoal.
In the first part, or neutralizing process, the exhausted charcoal after
being washed I steep in a solution of superphosphate of lime for about
twelve hours. I use from one to five pounds of superphosphate of
lime for every one hundred pounds of the charcoal, which I place in a
suitable vessel, and cover with water previous to adding the super-
phosphate. The quantity I regulate by the necessity of the case, and
the workmen by handling the charcoal and observing its power when
reburned will become expert in its use.
The solution of superphosphate of lime is prepared by placing in a
cask, capable of containing one hundred gallons, seventy-five pounds of
oil of vitriol previously mixed with thirty gallons of water and adding.
by degrees to this mixture one hundred pounds of bone black or burned
bones in fine powder. The operation takes about twelve hours, during
which time stir it well, then fill up the cask with water, allowing the
sediment, which is large, to subside; the clear solution is the super-
phosphate of lime, for the production of phosphate of lime, as here.
described, is not claimed as any part of this Invention.

page_text: In relation to the portion of my Invention for removing organic matter
from the exhausted charcoal after it has been washed with water or
steeped in the solution of superphosphate of lime, it is drained and
steeped in a dilute solution of the nitrate of ammonia, the proportions
employed being for one hundred pounds of the charcoal placed in a cask
and covered with water from one to ten pounds of a strong solution of
nitrate of ammonia is added, and the whole allowed to stand for twelve
hours, then the charcoal is drained and reburned.
The solution of nitrate of ammonia I prepare by placing in an earthen
or wooden vessel (earthen preferred) twenty pounds of the carbonate of
ammonia and ten gallons of water, then gradually adding a sufficiency
of nitric acid to neutralize the ammonia, the carbonic acid gas escapes
with considerable effervescence, the nitric acid replacing that body in the
carbonate of ammonia, and forming a solution of nitrate of ammonia.
This mode of producing the nitrate of ammonia I do not claim, but
what I consider new and claim as my Invention is, the use of super-
phosphate of lime in neutralizing any excess of lime in exhausted
animal charcoal, and the use of a solution of nitrate of ammonia in
removing organic matter, and increasing the porosity of exhausted
animal charcoal, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Rogers, have hereunto set
my hand and affixed my seal, this Second day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JOHN (L.s.) ROGERS.