IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS AND. FALSE COLLARS FOR HORSES AND ALL OTHER BEASTS OF BURDEN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cavaliere. Leonida Caldesi at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th July 1869.-A. communication from abroad by Cavaliere
Achille, Angelini, a General in the Italian Army, Aide-de-Camp to
His Majesty the King of Italy.
...
I CAVALIERE LEONIDA CALDESI, of 137 Pall Mall East, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS AND. FALSE COLLARS FOR
HORSES AND ALL OTHER BEASTS OF BURDEN," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to protect horses and other beasts of
burden from the chafing and wounding to which they are subject by the
ordinary harness at present in use, and which is generally the cause of
rendering them unserviceable.
"
The Invention consists of a combination of india-rubber, gutta
percha, or vulcanized india-rubber tubes, which are on account of their
own shape particularly' resistant, and also of a sufficiently yielding
nature, being laid conjointly more or less side by side, according to the
resistance required.

page_text: This system may be applied to all parts of the harness where a pad is
required, but principally to the collar, and to the false or under collar.
The collar for carriage harness, and also the collar for draught horses
are similiarly constructed as follows:-The roll is formed and the collar
'lining" commenced in the usual manner, that is, a solid layer of straw
fixed firmly round the inside of the roll; attached to this, on the part
which receives the greatest strain, are placed india-rubber tubes in a
longitudinal position on each inner side. The crevices and the upper
and lower parts of the collar are stuffed with curled horsehair or woollen
flocks, over which is placed a covering of serge or linen, and should
there be any inequality produced by empty spaces holes may be cut in
the covering in order to introduce any ordinary stuffing material to
render the padding uniform and of the required shape.
False Collar. The object of this Invention with regard to the false
collar or under collar is that it may be used with any old or ill-formed
collar which may be injuring the shoulders of the animal wearing it, the
false collar being of sufficient size to entirely cover that part of the
animal's body bearing the strain, it is made as follows:-A piece of
canvass is cut to the shape required for half false collar, on the centre,
which part is most in contact with the animal, is sewn india-rubber tubes
in a longitudinal direction, the upper and lower portion of the canvass
is made thicker by a few extra layers of the same substance filled in
with woollen flocks or curled horsehair to a uniform thickness with the
tubes, both tubes and stuffing are then covered with serge or any like
material, which if required may be perforated in order to introduce
through the holes more stuffing to render the quilting more equal and
soft, it is then covered with leather in the usual manner.
I have described the collar and false collar and found it most suitable
to protect horses and beasts of burden from the chafing and wounding
to which they are subject by the different kinds of collars in actual use
at present, and on my principle of india-rubber tubes I am. of course
able to vary the forms according to the requirements.