IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING AND STIFFENING FABRICS AND YARNS. AND IN PREPARING THE CEMENTING AND STIFFENING MATERIALS USED
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Schwann, of Gresham Street, in the City of
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING AND STIFFENING
FABRICS AND YARNS. AND IN PREPARING THE CEMENTING AND STIFFENING
MATERIALS USED."
Sealed the 18th June 1861, and dated the 20th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Schwann at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th December 1860.
I, FREDERICK SCHWANN, of Greshain Street,in the City of Loudon, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING AND
STIFFENING FABRICS AND YARNS. AND IN PREPARING THE CEMENTING AND STIFFENING
MATERIALS USED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in dressing and stiffening
fabrics and yarns, and in preparing the cementing and stiffening materials
used. In order to prevent fermentation and decomposition, and the injurious
effects consequent thereon in the stiffening and dressing materials applied to
fabrics and yarns (such as animal glue or size, or paste, or other vegetable
dressing or stiffening materials), tar water, or tar liquor, or carbolic acid, is
used in combination with the animal and vegetable stiffening and dressing
materials. Tar water, or tar liquor, or carbolic acid, may also be applied
separately to the fabrics or yarns; or the tar water, or tar liquor, or the car-
bolic acid,may be combined with the animal or vegetable stiffening or dressing
materials before applying either to the fabrics or yarns. It is preferred, in
preparing animal glue or size, and also in preparing paste or other vegetable

page_text: stiffening matter, that tar water, or tar liquor, or carbolic acid, should be
combined therewith, by which such animal glue and size, and also paste and
other vegetable stiffening and dressing, as well as the yarns and fabrics dressed
and stiffened therewith, will be better preserved from decomposition mildew,
and noxious smell.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Schwann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th June 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
SCHWANN, of Gresham Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick Schwano,Her special licence that I,the said Frederick Schwann,my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick
Schwann, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING
AND STIFFENING FABRICS AND YARNS, AND IN PREPARING THE CEMENTING AND
STIFFENING MATERIALS USED," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Frederick Schwann, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their,or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Schwann, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in dressing and stiffening
fabrics and yarns, and in preparing the cementing and stiffening materials
used. In order to prevent fermentation and decomposition, and the injurious

page_text: effects consequent thereon in the stiffening and dressing materials applied to
fabrics and yarns (such as animal glue or size, or paste, or other vegetable
dressing or stiffening materials), tar water, or tar liquor, or carbolic acid, is
used in combination with the animal and vegetable stiffening and dressing
materials. Tar water, or tar liquor, or carbolic acid, may also be applied
separately to the fabrics or yarns; or the tar water, or tar liquor, or the car-
bolic acid, maybe combined with the animal or vegetable stiffening ordressing
materials before applying either to the fabrics or yarns. It is preferred, in
preparing animal glue or size, and also in preparing paste or other vegetable
stiffening matter, that tar water, or tar liquor, or carbolic acid, should be
combined therewith, by which such animal glue and size, and also paste and
other vegetable stiffening and dressing,as well as the yarns and fabrics dressed
and stiffened therewith,will be better preserved from decomposition, mildew,
and noxious smell.
When preparing bone or other animal size, either for immediate use for
dressing and stiffening fabrics and yarns, or storage or sale, I add to the size
one quart of tar water or liquor (that is to say, water which has absorbed from
coal tar as much as it will take up therefrom) for every four gallons of size of
medium strength; or if the size is over or under the medium strength I vary
the quantity of tar water in proportion. The sooner the tar water is added to
the size after the size is made the better, still it may, although less advan-
tageously, be added to ordinary boue size of commerce just before it is
employed for dressing and stiffening. In place of tar water or liquor carbolic
acid may be used in the proportion of one pint thereof to eighty gallons of size
of medium strength. When preparing paste or other vegetable dressing or
stiffening material, I employ, if the material be of medium strength, about
one half the quantity either of tar water, or liquor, or of carbolic acid, which
I employ for animal size. Where the nature of the fabric permits, the fabric,
after the size or stiffening material has been applied to it, may be treated with
tar liquor or a weak solution of carbolic acid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Schwann,have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
FREDERICK SCHWANN. (L.B.)