matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR AND IN PURIFYING COAL GAS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Warner, of No. 31, Threadneedle Street, in
the City of London, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PREPARING MATERIALS FOR AND IN PURIFYING COAL GAS."
Scaled the 4th July 1862, and dated the 4th January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Warner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th January 1862.
I, ARTHUR WARNER, of No. 31, Threadneedle Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING MATERIALS FOR AND IN PURIFYING COAL GAS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing materials for
and in purifying coal gas. According to my Invention I employ in the puri-
fication of coal gas the cinders or oxide of iron obtained from puddling,
re-heating, and refining furnaces used in the manufacture of iron, and which
are now for the most part waste products in such manufacture. And in order
to prepare these materials to render them suitable for the purification of coal
gas, such oxide, materials, or cinders are ground to reduce them to powder,
and are then washed in water. The prepared materials are used in apparatus
such as are employed when purifying gas by what are known as the dry
processes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING MACHINES TO PLAIT COTTON YARNS, SILK, OR LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Rushton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1862.
I, HENRY RUSHTON, of 48%, Northampton Road, Clerkenwell, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING MACHINES TO PLAIT COTTON YARNS, SILK, OR
LIKE FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in arranging hair plaiting machines, which only
plait limited lengths so that plaiting of an indefinate length may be done;
Fig. 1 represents a plan of a hair plaiting machine adapted to this Invention.
On the driving shaft D is fixed a cam G which in revolving gives a to-and-
fro motion to the bar H; this bar H carries the ordinary stops K. which throw
the tubes A from one star wheel L to another, according to the direction in
which the stops are moved. The cam G is made in such a shape that the tubes
are made to follow a track similar to that shewn by the curved line a, b, in
Fig. 1, the stops on the inner bar P have a similar influence on the inner tubes;
this motion gives an open plait. The tubes A carry a bobbin B similar to
that shewn in Fig. 2; the thread passes from the bobbin as at R, up the
guide S to the inside of the tube down to the weight C & thence up the tube
to the plait.
IMPROVEMENTS. IN STOVE GRATES AND KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Russell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1862.
I, ROBERT RUSSELL, of Derby, in the County of Derby, Stove Grate Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN STOVE GRATES AND KITCHEN RANGES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention is applicable to stove grates and domestic-
fire-places and stoves, generally, and relates to the construction of an ashes.
pan, so as to radiate heat into the room, and to conceal the ashes from view.
I form the grating, on which the fire burns, of bars of cast metal or wrought
iron, and these bars are prolonged or continued in front of the fire for about
eight or ten inches, and form a series of corrugated or angular ribs with spaces
between them to allow the ashes to fall into a pan underneath. This cor-
rugated grating may either be formed in one continuous piece with the fire
burning at one end, as above described, or it may be made of separate bars,..
that is the bottom grate on which the fire burns may form one portion, and
the corrugated part, through which the ashes fall, may form another portion,.
or they may be cast in sections of several together.. Upon or above these..
projecting ribs between the angular bars are placed longitudinal pieces of cast
metal, wrought or malleable cast-iron. or steel, which may be of any suitable
shape; but I prefer their being of a convex sectional form and polished, so as
to radiate the heat into the room, or these pieces may be made of encaustic
tile or other earthenware or glass, and they may be either loose or fastened,

page_text: so that the ashes may fall down the spaces between them and the corrugated
bars or ribs.
The second part of my Invention applies to kitchen ranges only, and relates
to the arrangement of the flues of an ordinary kitchen oven, so as to produce
an even and uniform heat over all its surface. The oven may be formed of
either cast or wrought iron, and the bottom part thereof is raised from four to
six inches above the level of the grate on which the fire burns. This space is
divided into two compartments by an iron or brick flange or division extending
from the opening into the fire diagonally across towards the back, one com-
partment communicating with the back flue and the other with the side flue of
the oven, and thus the heat is equally divided. A continuation of this flange
or division is carried up the side and back of the oven towards the top where
the two flues join and form into one leading into the chimney..
IMPROVEMENTS IN VARNISH OR POLISH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bomanjee Muncherjee Mody at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th June 1862.
I, BOMANJEE MUNCHERJEE MODY, of No. 4, Trafalgar Square, (Patent
Office) in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VARNISH OR POLISH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of varnish or polish in such a
manner that it can be applied by means of a camel's hair brush, either as a
varnish to any smooth surfaced wood, or as a reviver to old French polished
wood and furniture. The ingredients I use I propose to mix in the following
proportions:-
Methylated spirit
Shellac
Gum benzoin
Dragon's blood
-
1 gallon,
-
1 lbs.,
-
-
1 lbs.,
6 drachms;
or when a clear varnish is required the dragon's blood may be omitted. The
ingredients when mixed are to be subjected to a gentle heat until thoroughly
incorporated, and the mixture is then to be filtered in the ordinary way of
filtering varnishes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR FOR FORTIFICATIONS AND FLOATING AND OTHER BATTERIES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Grant Sanderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1862.
I, GEORGE GRANT SANDERSON, of Park Gate Iron Works, Rotherham, in-
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR FOR FORTIFICATIONS AND FLOATING AND OTHER
BATTERIES," to be as follows:---
This Invention has for its object improvemonts in armour for fortifications
and floating and other batteries. For this purpose I employ bars of triangular
section formed by rolling, in a manner similar to that in which railway and
other bar iron is commonly made. The base of the triangular section is made
flat, and its sides are made the one with a projection and the other with a
corresponding recess. The apex of the triangle is by preference truncated,
and the projection and recess at the sides are conveniently made to occupy
respectively about one half of the length of the side. These rolled bars are to
produce the armour placed side by side on a suitable backing or frame, the
bars being arranged alternately, so that if the base of one bar is inwards
towards the backing or frame, the bars next it on either side are placed with
the bases outwards to form the face of the armour. When the bars are thus
arranged, the projection on the one will enter the recess in the other, and so
throughout the series, and the bars form an armour with a flush surface both
on the face and at the back. The bars are secured to the backing or frame
by bolts at intervals passing through the armour and the backing or frame.
A REVOLVING PENDANT FOR GIVING GREATER SECURITY TO WATCHES AND LOCKETS AGAINST THEFT
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George John Oram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1862.
I, GEORGE JOHN ORAM, of 19, Wilmington Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Watch Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A REVOLVING PENDANT FOR GIVING GREATER SECURITY TO
WATCHES AND LOCKETS AGAINST THEFT," to be as follows:-
I attach the watch or locket to the bow and pendant by means of a metal
tube or solid wire (I prefer a tube) passing through the pendant and case,
and forming an axis upon which the pendant, or the watch, or locket revolves.
The security consists in the pendant, from the fact of its revolving, offering no
resistance to, but turning with a sudden wrench, which is the usual mode in
which watch robberies are effected. The usual method of attaching watches
and lockets to bow and pendant, offering resistance at the weakest part, so
that the screw attaching the bow to the pendant is broken easily, and the
watch or locket stolen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SULPHURET OF ANTIMONY, AND IN OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREPROM
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Glass at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1862.
I, WILLIAM GLASS, of 87, Princes St., Stamford Street, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SULPHURET OF ANTIMONY, AND IN OBTAINING
PRODUCTS THEREPROM," to be as follows:-
I take any of the well known black sulphurets of antimony called antimony
ores, or the refined ore called crude antimony, and place it with or without
additional sulphur in a crucible or other convenient covered or close vessel in
a furnace, and heat it or them to redness in a melted or fluid state, and force
upon or into it or them atmospheric air or oxygen gas, provision being made
in the crucible or other vessel for the ingress of air or oxygen, and for the
egress of the vaporous products of combustion, viz., oxide of antimony and
sulphurous acid, which are conducted into tubes, flues, or chambers, where the
oxide of antimony is condensed as a fine white powder, and the sulphurous
acid may be employed as such, or it is oxidated or converted into sulphuric
acid by oxygen and steam, as is usually practised in vitriol works.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Grice at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March 1862.
I, SAMUEL GRICE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS AND BOATS AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described, in constructing a rotatory or screw propeller for propelling ships
and boats and other vessels. On the end of a shaft similar to that ordinarily
employed for screw propellers, to which shaft a rotatory motion is given by
steam or other power, I fix a circular disk or plate, to which a hemisphere or
dome is secured by screws or otherwise, the base of the hemisphere being in
contact with the said plate. On the exterior or convex surface of the said
hemisphere a series of vanes or blades are fixed. The said vanes or blades
are so situated on the dome that their narrow ends meet at the summit of the
said dome. The said blades extend from the summit of the dome to the base
thereof, the course of each blade being oblique, that is, inclined to the axis of
the dome. The said blades are made deeper as they approach the base of the
dome, and the planes of the blades are inclined to the surface of the dome;
the base of each blade may be secured to a flange at the base of the dome.
For boats and small vessels three equidistant blades are enough, but for large
vessels more than three of the said blades may be used. The propeller
constructed according to my Invention is, like the ordinary screw propeller,
wholly immersed in the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Benton Seeley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1862.
I, ROBERT BENTON SEELEY, of Mortlake, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN INKSTANDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in inkstands. For these
purposes in constructing an inkstand according to my Invention, an ink vessel
is used of the form of a nautilus shell, or other shell of the cephalopoda class,
and I make such vessel of glass, china, or of other suitable material, and in
some cases use shells for the outer vessel. This vessel is mounted on axes,
which are supported by and turn in bearings fixed on a suitable platform or
surface. Into the opening or entrance of this shell-shaped vessel as large a
dipping vessel or receptacle is introduced as the opening or entrance into the
vessel will admit. Into this inner receptacle the ink is caused to flow, when
the inkstand is about to be used, by simply moving the ink vessel on its axes,
so as to bring the open part of the vessel and the inner receptacle into a
horizontal position, and the ink is caused to flow back into the interior of the
shell-shaped vessel by a reverse motion of the vessel on its axis. The interior
of the dipping vessel I line with india-rubber or other suitable soft material,
in order that the nibs of a pen may not be injured should they be dipped so
deep into the interior or dipping vessel as to come in contact with the bottom
thereof.

page_text: In combination with the above construction of inkstands, a frame is applied,
arranged to receive a piece of soft sponge, together with receptacles for a
taper, sealing-wax, instantaneous matches, and suitable friction or rubbing
surface to ignite such matches.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP WATERPROOF BOOT AND SHOE SOLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Hutchings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1862.
I, JOHN THOMAS HUTCHINGS, of Inkermann Terrace, Charlton, in the County
of Kent, Boot and Shoe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP WATERPROOF BOOT
AND SHOE SOLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of leather to india-rubber or com-
pound boot and shoe soles, which leather I apply in a manner so as to form a
border or edging to such soles; I select soles of a size sufficiently small so that
when the border or edging is attached it shall be the required size, but previous
to such attachment I destroy the uniform surface of the outer or top part of the
sole, either by indenting, fluting, grooving, or perforating, which I do either by
cutting, drilling, stamping, punching, or moulding. For some descriptions of
boot and shoe soles I prefer using the multicapsular pattern sole, which multi-
capsular pattern sole was patented by me, and bears date March 11th, 1861,
No. 602.
Having prepared the centre or compound portion as described, I channel or
otherwise reduce the edge in a manner suitable to receive the moulded leather
border or edging; the advantages of soles so made are great, inasmuch that
they give greater security to the wearer from not being so liable to accident
in slippery situations, they are more durable, they can be applied without
difficulty, and are easily repaired, the objection entertained by some of the

page_text: workmen against soles being united by cementation is also met, as by this
improvement the soles may be secured by any of the usual methods, such as
sewing, rivetting, nailing, screwing, or pegging.
The object of this Invention is to give the public greater facility in walking
and additional security against colds, inasmuch as persons wearing boots or
shoes with soles made entirely of leather in this changeable climate are seldom
free from colds; it is a serious fact that sole leather of the present day is of
that absorbing nature that persons frequently and unconsciously carry about
their feet several ounces of water without experiencing any momentary incon-
venience or being conscious of their danger. The result is plainly evidenced
by the crowded state of our hospitals with consumptive patients..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED FOR ADDRESS CARDS, VISITING CARDS, LABELS, RAILWAY TICKETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, WHETHER FOR PRINTING OR WRITING UPON
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lister at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June
1862.
I, THOMAS LISTER, of Hipperholme, near Halifax, in the County of York,
Plasterer and Splint Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MATERIAL TO BE EMPLOYED FOR ADDRESS
CARDS, VISITING CARDS, LABELS, RAILWAY TICKETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,
WHETHER FOR PRINTING OR WRITING UPON," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application or employment of sycamore, beech,
holly, or other suitable kind of wood, cut into thin slips or shavings, to any
convenient size and form as may be required for address cards, visiting cards,
labels, railway tickets, and other similar purposes, whether for printing or
writing upon, as a substitute for paper, cardboard, or other material usually
employed for such purposes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lord at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1862.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Rawtenstall, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that part of the power loom known as the tappets,
secured upon the tappet shaft, and employed for actuating the healds, and.
consists in the peculiar form of tappets to be employed for causing the back
healds to rise higher and fall lower than the front ones, and whereby an
improvement is effected on the surface of the cloth. The forms of tappets or
cams are exhibited in the Diagrams attached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM OF LUBRICATORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brook at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th January
1862.
I, JOHN BROOK, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM
OF LUBRICATORS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to the form and construction of lubricators, and is as
follows: I take a square hollow box, perferably metallic, having the inner
bottom face curved concavely, and having a projecting mouth and lip formed in
the side which communicates with a discharge tube; within this cup or box I
mount a brush or brushes, which are so disposed as to rotate upon an axis
always sweeping or approaching the bottom of the cup, and extending and
pressing against the lip of the orifice of the discharge pipe, each time as it passes
during its rotation. Oil or other lubricating matter is put into the box by
any convenient mouth, and motion being given to the axle, upon which the
brushes are mounted, these take up the oil, and on meeting the lip it is
pressed out, and falls down the discharge pipe upon the machinery required
to be lubricated; by placing a cock in the discharge pipe the discharge may be
closed at pleasure; also by mounting a rigger on the axle of the brushes, and
communicating motion to it from the machinery it may be made self-acting.
AN IMPROVED ORTHOPEDIC APPARATUS FOR STRAIGHTENING THE HUMAN FRAME
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Plassan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1862.
I, PIERRE PLASSAN, Doctor, of Tours, in the Department of Indre-et-Loiro,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED ORTHOPEDIC APPARATUS FOR STRAIGHTENING THE HUMAN
FRAME," to be as follows:-
My apparatus is composed of a belt of some strong woven fabric, which is
placed on the pelvis above the trochanters. This belt is made in two pieces,
more or less closely brought together at the back by a couple of straps or a
lace. The two anterior or fore parts of each of these pieces have eyelet holes
or buckles, and thick pads are so placed inside the belt as to press on the
inguinal region within the ilium, where the inguinal bandage is made to press
in cases of the hernia, so called; by this means the belt is prevented from
turning and unpleasantly pressing or squeezing the hypogastric region. Wher
the body is inclined to bend, and it is desirable that the head should be inured
to an upright position, it is necessary to aid the muscles which hold it up, and
as anything placed beneath the chin is very apparent, and wounds the self-love
of young females more especially, I use several india-rubber rings, fixed by a
cord or otherwise on the upper part of two upright pieces, and which are also
connected with a circular band surrounding the head beneath the hair,

page_text: exercising at the back an elastic traction proportioned to the resistance, and
seconding the action of the muscles which raise the head. By the aid of an
elastic band fixed at the end of one of the upright pieces passed over the
shoulder, and then attached (more or less close to the belt) to the upright
piece on the side opposed to the shoulder over which it passes, I obtain a
traction which, while co-operating with the X-rest in raising the head, also
aids in keeping in the dorsal projection, and brings back the spinal column
when it is distorted. Lastly, by the aid of a piece or plate of leather applied
on the projecting part of the breast, and which is attached to the upright on
that side where there may happen to be a hollow or sinking, I bring the body
or trunk as much upright as possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAWN MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Nicholson, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th May
1862.
I, RICHARD NICHOLSON, of Copt Hewick, Ripon, in the County of York,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAWN MOWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the delivery of the grass which has been cut by
the cutting portion of the machine, and consists of a self-acting apparatus,
whereby the grass, when cut, is delivered with great facility. An endless
belt passes over three rollers, actuated by a shaft fitted with universal joints,
the same being geared to a pair of bevil wheels on the roller or drum shaft of
the machine. The grass as it is cut, falls on the said endless belt, and
a double clutch and lever handle fitted to the bevil wheels being provided, the
apparatus is entirely under the controul of the operator, who can, by moving
the lever handle either to the right or left, deliver the grass to either side of
the machine, without stopping the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR Box Looms
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Walton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd September
1862.
I, GEORGE WALTON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CIRCULAR Box Looms," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the prevention of the recoil of the shuttle
box when moved by the ordinary apparatus in order to bring the shuttles
contained therein successively into their required positions for being driven
across the loom, and the consequent increase in the speed at which the loom
may be worked. For this purpose a spring catch is adapted and applied to the
ordinary disc box, which spring catch is caused to retain the box in the position
into which it is brought by the action of the ordinary apparatus, thereby
preventing the recoil from the action of the same. The mode of adapting and
applying the spring catch to the disc may be varied, but I prefer to use
a round-nosed button on the end of the spring, which button is caused to
enter, as required, one of several holes formed in the face of the disc. The
spring catch may also be adapted to act on the edge or periphery of the disc
instead of on the face thereof by the button on its end or by the end itself
being caused to pass into suitably formed indentations formed on the edge or
periphery of the disc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barry Lord and Frederic
Hughes Gilbart at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st March 1862.
We, WILLIAM BARRY LORD, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon,
Veterinary Surgeon, Royal Artillery, and FREDERIC HUGHES GILBART, of
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
It is well known to military men and sportsmen that the interior of the
barrel of a rifle or other fire-arm becomes damp from the state of the atmo-
sphere; such moisture causes the powder to adhere to the inner periphery or
rifling of the barrel, and in loading causes foulness. We propose to use an
apparatus which shall entirely prevent coagulation of the powder on the inside
of the barrel. Each Enfield rifle has a screw threaded on the point of the
ramrod; we screw on to this point a small piece of metal with open sides
(where the ramrod has no screw this piece is furnished with a spring to seize
and hold the point), to this piece hangs a cylinder of capacity to hold the
exact charge of powder required to load. At the bottom of the cylinder
(which is partly open) is a mushroom valve, connected by a pin (which
passes through the bottom of the cylinder) to a deeply grooved projecting,
head or ball. The action is thus:-The piece being screwed on to the end of
the ramrod, the cylinder is placed in the barrel, where it hangs vertically, the

page_text: ramrod being in a horizontal position, the charge of powder is then poured
into the cylinder, the ramrod raised vertically passes the cylinder down to
the breech, the head or ball on touching the bottom pushes up the mushroom
valve, and the powder at once escapes through the grooves of the head or ball
into the breech. The apparatus is then retired, and the loading completed in
the usual manner.
AN IMPROVED SIGHT FOR FIRE-ARMS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ANGLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Thomas Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1862.
I, JOHN THOMAS SMITH, of Lee, in the County of Kent, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SIGHT FOR FIRE-ARMS, APPLICABLE ALSO AS AN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING ANGLES,"
to be as follows:-
My sight or apparatus is composed of a tube in which two prisms of equal
refracting power independent of each other are fitted in such manner that
they may be made to revolve through equal angles in opposite directions.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SOFA BEDS OR SOFA BEDSTEADS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Beard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April 1862.
I, JOHN BEARD, of Leonard Stanley, in the County. of Gloucester,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN SOFA BEDS OR SOFA BEDSTEADS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making that part of a sofa bed or sofa bedstead
called the seat or bed reversible, that is capable of performing a semi-revolu-
tion so as to present either of its surfaces uppermost at will, one side consti-
tuting a sofa seat and the other side a bed. In making a sofa bed or sofa
bedstead according to my Invention I employ two frames, one of the said
frames being fixed to the legs and ends in the ordinary manner, and the other
frame supported by and turning upon centres or pivots at each end, the said
centres or pivots turning in the ends of the fixed frame. The moveable frame
is thus capable of performing a semi-revolution so as to bring uppermost
either the side which is a sofa seat or that which is a bed. The position of the
moveable frame is fixed by quick acting screws in the ends of the fixed frame
being made to engage in the ends of the said moveable frame. Instead of
making the centres of motion of the moveable frame fixed, the said centres inay
be made capable of rising and falling as the frame to which they are attached
is moved round in its semicircular course. In order to effect this I make the
said centres work in arms jointed to and lying flat upon the inner ends of the
fixed frame, and I make pins or studs in the ends of the moveable frame

page_text: traverse curved slots in plates at the ends of the fixed frame. The centre from
which these curved slots are struck being higher than the fixed frame, the
moveable frame rises and falls as it turns, lifting with it the arms in which
its centres turn. The moveable frame has proper cushions and bedding
attached to its opposite sides, and where additional width is required in the 5
bed the back of the sofa may be made to fall down upon hinges for this
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: I, JAMES CROSBY, of Shepley Hall, Audenshaw, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Flax Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved arrangement for removing the
impurities from the fibrous materials during the process of carding. Under
each working roller I place a sheet of metal or other suitable material in
such manner that it receives and conveys the impurities which are thrown off
to the floor or other desired place or receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING OIL OR OTHER LIQUID TO WOOL AS THE SAME IS FED INTO CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Barnard Sampson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1862.
I, EDWARD BARNARD SAMPSON, of Ham Mills, Stroud, in the County of
Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING OIL OR OTHER LIQUID TO WOOL AS THE SAME IS FED
INTO CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for supplying
oil or other liquid to wool as the same is fed into carding engines. For these
purposes a trough or vessel is placed below the lower feed roller of a carding
engine, such trough or vessel being somewhat longer than the feed rollers.
Into this trough or vessel the oil or other fluid is placed, and such oil or
other fluid is kept constantly supplied to the under surface of such lower
roller, either by its dipping into and being partly immersed in the oil or liquid
in the trough or vessel, or in place thereof there is a roller or endless band
partly immersed in the trough or vessel, the upper surface of which is in
contact with the under surface of the lower feed roller. By either of these
arrangements the surface of the feed roller will have oil or other fluid
uniformly spread over all parts of its surface with which for the time the
wool is in contact. The wool is supplied to the feed rollers by an endless
apron as heretofore, in such manner, however, as to feed the wool nearly up to
the nip of the feeding rollers, and as the wool passes off the feed apron it
comes in contact with that portion of the under feed roller upon which oil or
fluid has been spread, as above explained.
A NEW COMPOSITION OR WASH TO BE APPLIED TO MARINE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS TO. PREVENT INCRUSTATION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hankins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition, on. the 28th January
1862:
I, JAMES HANKINS, of the City of Bristol, Stone Mason; do hereby declare-
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW COMPOSITION OR WASH TO BE
APPLIED TO MARINE AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS TO. PREVENT INCRUSTATION,”
to be as follows:-
My composition or wash is formed of the following ingredients mixed in.
manner hereafter stated. Take spirit of salt (hydrochloric acid) and add
potash and soap makers' alkali, then add zinc, and continue adding it until
the acid becomes neutralized or until it ceases to boil or effervesce, allow. it to
cool and settle, then decant the clear liquid. This liquid applied with a brush
on the interior of boilers effectually prevents incrustation and at the same time
preserves the boilers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ANEROID BAROMETERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pitkin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1862.
I, JAMES PITKIN, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Philosophical
Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN ANEROID BAROMETERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in connecting the index hand to a hollow spindle
which carries a toothed pinion at the back of the dial plate, and in fitting a
toothed sector to engage in the teeth of the pinion, which sector is attached to
a spindle moved by a watch or other similar key at the back of the instrument,
in order to set the index hand. The spindle carrying the barometer needle
passes through the hollow spindle to which the index hand is attached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH PROTECTORS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Comfort at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1862.
I, EBENEZER COMFORT, of Richmond Terrace, Grosvenor Park, Camber-
well, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCH PROTECTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improved methods for securing watches from
felonious abstraction from the pocket of the wearer. I propose to attach a
loose ring to a small metallic compound ring and bar; the loose ring is
allowed to enter the waistcoat pocket through a small opening in the lining,
and the bar remains behind and outside the pocket. The watch chain or
guard is to be passed through the loose ring, and the other end is to be placed
round the neck or through the button hole of the vest.
When an endeavour is made to withdraw the watch, by pulling the chain or
guard, the bow of the watch is dragged against the ring, and consequently
prevented from being drawn any further; the wearer however by. taking
hold of the bow of the watch can always withdraw it.
The principle of the Invention being therefore based upon the opposition
offered by the ring in the pocket to the abstraction of the watch by means of
its chain or guard, I further propose to substitute for the bar other means of
securing the ring in position.
One method is to employ a button, a disc or plate of metal, to the centre of
which the ring may be attached.

page_text: Another method is to arrange a number of metallic slips, in the form and
according to the opening and shutting of a fan, so as when fully opened it
may nearly form a circle, and be held in such position by means of a spring or
other fastening. When shut up it could be drawn through the pocket with
the ring and watch, instead of unscrewing the swivel of the guard, to remove
the watch and chain from the ring. Or four or more bars may be hinged to a
central box, presenting the appearance of the box and spokes of a wheel;
these spokes may be kept extended, by means of small flat steel springs, but
the spokes are to be made to open to the extent of a vertical position. They
will thus form an impediment to the withdrawal of the ring and watch, although
the wearer can, by forcing or closing all the spokes together, so reduce the sizo
and compactness of this part of the protector that he can pass it through the
opening in his pocket, and so withdraw the watch from the swivel of the
chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR MATS AND HEARTH RUGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Danks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1862.
I, JOSHUA DANKS, of 56, Webber Row, Waterloo Road, in the County of
Surrey, Mat and Matting Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR MATS AND
HEARTH RUGS," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the manufacture of mats and rugs composed of
cocoa-nut fibre, or partly of cocoa-nut fibre combined with wool or other material,
with a pile face on each opposite surface thereof, so that either surface may be
used as the upper surface, and considerable economy, with other advantages in
use, thereby obtained. For this purpose, in place of employing a number of back
chain or warp threads to each row or series of tufts of pile of which the mat or
rug is composed, as is the practice when making door mats of cocoa-nut fibre
with one pile surface, I find it necessary to employ only two, one upon which a
row of tufts of pile for one surface are formed, and the other for a row of
tufts of pile for the opposite surface, and these chain or warp threads, with
their rows of pile being repeated according to the width or length of mat or
rug required, are connected together by shoots of weft. The chain or warp,
as well as the weft, may be of cocoa-nut fibre or of other suitable material.
The opposite pile surface of the mats or rugs may be of the same or of different
patterns, as desired.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING ARMOUR PLATES MADE OF CARBONIZED IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Wightwick Rendel, of Newcastle-on-Tyne,
in the County of Northumberland, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING ARMOUR PLATES MADE OF
CARBONIZED IRON AND STEEL."
Sealed the 24th April 1863, and dated the 13th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Wightwick
Rendel at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 13th November 1862.
I, GEORGE WIGHTWICK RENDEL, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, in the County of
Northumberland, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF STRENGTHENING ARMOUR PLATES MADE
OF CARBONIZED IRON OR STEEL," to be as follows:-
I bring the plates to a suitable heat in an oven or any convenient furnace,
and I then plunge them into a bath of oil or other liquid; or instead of
plunging the plates I pour the liquid over them, and to keep down the
temperature of the liquid, which is raised in the act of cooling the metal, I
employ pipes winding through the liquid, in which pipes a current of cold
water circulates; or the liquid may be cooled by any other suitable arrange-
ment, but any arrangement for cooling is not essential to the process of
strengthening, being only a matter of convenience as having the effect of
reducing the volume of liquid necessary for cooling masses of metal.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Leyshon and David Beckley,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 4th January 1862.
We, GEORGE LEYSHON, of Twidale, in the County of Stafford, Tin Plate
Assorter, and DAVID BECKLEY, of Brockmoor, in the County of Stafford, Grocer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RETARDING AND STOPPING CARRIAGES ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of the improvement or improvements in constructing
or arranging the parts of breaks for retarding and stopping carriages on
railways, herein-after described. We fix upon one or both of the axles of
the carriage a disc or break wheel, and over the said break wheel or wheels
is a shaft supported on bearings on the bottom of the carriage, and running
parallel with the longer sides of the carriage. Around each of the break.
wheels is a clip or nearly circular band or bar of iron, and on the said shaft,,
and immediately above the break wheel, is a screw which engages in, a screw
box or nut on one end of the said clip, the other end of the said clip
has a nut through a hole in which the shaft passes,. the said nut being
incapable of moving along the said shaft. When the shaft is turned in
one direction, the two ends of the clip are brought nearer to each other and
the elip is tightened on the break wheel, and when the shaft is turned in the
other direction, the two ends of the clip are separated, and the clip is no
longer pressed upon the break wheel. Rotatory motion may be transmitted
to the said shaft, by means of a winch on a vertical shaft, the said vertical shaft

page_text: being connected by bevil gearing, or otherwise with the said shaft underneath
the carriage. The arrangement of break wheel shaft and clip may be adopted
under each carriage or under part only of the carriages of a train, and the
several shafts under the carriages may be geared together by any of the well
known kinds of gearing by which rotatory motion may be transmitted, and the
ends of the shafts allowed to approach towards and recede from one another.
Instead of tightening the clip by making the screw act on one end only, a
screw may be employed one half of which is right-handed, and the other half
left-handed, and the said right and left handed screw be made to give motion
simultaneously, and in opposite directions to the two ends of the clip.
Our Invention may be applied to the ordinary passenger carriages on
railways, or to vans, or trucks, as well as to the guard's van and the tender of
the engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin Rowan at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th January
1862.
I, JOHN MARTIN ROWAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows,.
that is to say:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of iron and steel com-
prises improved modes or means of introducing into fluid iron, for the purpose
of removing such impurities as sulphur, phosphorus, silica, gaseous matters,.
such as chlorine, hydro-fluoric acid, and others, depending on the particular.
action desiderated. And in carrying out the Invention, the said gases being
produced in any convenient manner in separate vessels are afterwards made
to enter the melted metal, being forced in after their production by means of
pumps or other suitable means, or being produced in closed vessels in such a
way as to have the pressure requisite for their introduction into the melted
metal. The gases may be introduced in the manner indicated either, firstly,
along with the air used for decarbonising or converting the iron in what is
known as the "Bessemer" process, or, secondly, through one or more separate
tuyeres, capable of being plugged at pleasure, at the bottom or sides of, or all
round a cupola or reverberatory smelting or other furnace or a separate vessel

page_text: into which the metal when melted may be run. The metal may be thus
treated either if it is to be afterwards introduced into the "Bessemer" converter,
or if the intention is simply to remove impurities from the iron, and improve
its quality for foundry purposes, or again if the metal is to be converted into
wrought iron or used otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP-BUILDING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Storey Moore at the
Office of the Commissioners- of Patents,--with his Petition; on-the-
18th September 1862.
I, GEORGE STOREY MOORE, of Sunderland, Ship-builder, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP-BUILDING," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ship-building. Ships
have heretofore, in some cases, been constructed having an iron frame with a
wooden planking fixed thereto, but difficulty is experienced in employing
copper fastenings when constructing ships in this manner, as the iron frame is
found to be eaten away by the bilge water all around the copper fastenings.
Now, according to my Invention, I prevent the copper fastening from coming
in contact either with the angle iron or with the bilge water by surrounding
its upper end with another metal which has not the same prejudicial action on
the iron; this I do by forming the hole in the angle iron, which is to receive
the fastening, of somewhat larger diameter than the fastening, and inserting
into it a tube of the protecting metal, which also extends a short distance into
the wooden planking. This tube has a flange at one end which lays against
the angle iron, the fastening is passed through the protecting metal tube and
the wooden planking, and is secured beyond by placing a ferrule or washer on
it and clenching it. The head of the fastening within the vessel is then
covered with a cap of the protecting metal, the edges of which are soldered

page_text: all round to the edges of the flange of the tube before mentioned. This pre-
servative metal employed should be one which will not itself act injuriously on
the iron and which solders readily. I believe zinc or lead, or a mixture of
these, either alone or combined with other metal, will be found most suitable
in practice; but I do not confine myself to those metals. Heretofore, in
applying wooden planking to an iron frame, it has been usual to butt the ends
of the planks together; each of the butt joints is made to come over one of
the ribs, and the two ends butting together are fixed to the same rib, which is
widened at this part by a butt strip rivetted to it.
According to my Invention, I make the ends of two planks, where they
meet, to lap the one over the other for a distance somewhat exceeding the
space between the ribs, and I scarf the ends together, that is, I reduce the
width of the planks, where they overlap, one half. I arrange the joints so that
they shall each fall correctly over two of the ribs, and I fasten the end of each
plank to each of the ribs, by preference, with fastenings such as herein-before
described. In order to make the whole more secure I drive a bolt down
vertically through the joint and intermediate of the ribs into the plank
below.