IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS, SET SCREWS, AND RIVETS.”
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Davies, of Atherton, in the County of
Lancaster, Bolt and Nut Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS, SET
SCREWS, AND RIVETS.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1875.
I, EDWARD DAVIES, of Atherton, in the County of Lancaster, Bolt
and Nut Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS, SET
SCREWS, AND RIVETS," to be as follows :-
1
The object of this Invention is to make bolts, set screws, and rivets.
with round or square necks in one machine and save the inconvenienco
and loss of time arising from the necessity of carrying the articles to be
made from one machine to another during the process of manufacture;
and consists in using two rams or hammers on one bed plate, the first to
thimble-top the bolt, sot screw, or rivet, and the second to give the

page_text: desired shape to the head, either square, hexagonal, or of any desired
form. The bolt or other article having been put in the machine is
thimble-topped by the first ram or hammer and then carried round by
the stopper which works in an inclined groove to the second hammer to
be finished. When the die is being carried round to the first ram a
loose guide in two halves is caused to close upon the iron and hold it
firmly while it is being thimble-topped, it then releases it whilst
the ram is being raised to allow it to pass forward to the finishing
hammer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
DAVIES, of Atherton, in the County of Lancaster, Bolt and Nut Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
ycar
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Davies, Her special license
that I, the said Edward Davies, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Davies, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BOLTS, SET SCREWS, AND RIVETS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Davies, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Davies, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
The object of this Invention is to make bolts, set screws, and rivets
with round or square necks in one machine and thereby save the
inconvenience and loss of time arising from the necessity of carrying
the articles to be made from one machine to another during the process
of manufacture; and the improvements consist in using two rams,
hammers, or heading tools corresponding with dies placed in a revolving
table or anvil, the first ram or hammer to cone or thimble-top the bolts,
set screw, or rivet, and the second to give the desired shape to the head,
either round, square, hexagonal, or of any other desired form, and these
rams or hammers are used in combination with a stationary incline on
which the bottom ends of the stopper pins travel, and also with clams or
grippers which hold the metal whilst it is being thimble-topped.
The manner in which this Invention is to be or may be performed
will be clearly understood by the following particular description
thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2 are front and end
views representing the application of my improvements to a machine
used for making bolts, set screws, and rivets; Fig. 3, a detached plan of
the revolving table or anvil; and Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are views and
sections of detached parts.
To two strong side frames marked a, one removed in Fig. 1 in order
to show the interior of the machine, are fixed bearings or pedestals
carrying a main or driving shaft 6 mounted with fast and loose
pulleys c, d, and a fly wheel e, and on the shaft 6 are fixed two
pinions gearing into two spur wheels 9 fixed to a crank shaft h also
working in bearings fixed to the framework; at the top of the side
frames there are open topped bearings i supporting the ends of a shaft k
fixed to a hammer lever 1, the shaft being held at the top by straps m
in connection with cross bars n and wooden yielding blocks o; the back
end of the hammer lever is connected by the connecting rod p to tho
crank on the crank shaft h, and its front end is linked by links q to a
slider fitted to guides formed in a cross frames fixed to the insides of
the side frames a, and it is this slide which carries the two hammers or
heading tools t, u, one for thimble-topping and the other for finishing

page_text: 8
the heads of the bolts, set screws, or rivets; the dies marked vare placed
in a circular table or anvil w, to which intermittent revolving motion is
given by the catch or ratchet x worked to and fro by the rods y, lever %,
and eccentric a¹ in the usual manner, and below the dies in the tabe
there are the headed and socketed stopper pins 6¹, above which are
placed pins c' of various lengths according to the length the bolts, set
screws or rivets have to be made, and for a certain distance the bottom
ends of the stopper pins 6¹ move upon a stationary circular inclined
plate d¹ fixed to the framework, and the front end of an arm or lever e¹
is below the position A, the lever being worked by the tappet f¹, moved
up and down as required by levers and rods worked by a cam on the
crank shaft h. On the cross frame & bolted to the side frames a there is
a stud or shaft g¹ carrying two arms h¹ having at the bottom projecting
ends or feet to be used as clams or grippers, and below the revolving
table or anvil w there are two pins or pushers k³, 1, at the end of a long
arm or lever m³ connected by the rod n' with the hammer lever l. The
cut-off pieces o¹ of heated metal to be formed into bolts, set screws, or
rivets are placed one after the other in one of the dies at the position B,
and as the table revolves the pins 6¹ gradually rise on the circular
inclined plate d¹ so that when the pieces o¹ arrived one after the other at
the position C there is sufficient length of metal to form the head and
the square part of the neck, the clams or grippers having been opened
by a projection on the hammer holder or on the slide to allow the piece to
pass, after which the piece is held by the closing of the feet of the clams
or grippers, the tops of the feet forming an abutment for the under side
of the heads, the clams having been closed by a spring or other means.
The slider now descends and causes the hammer t to thimble-top the
piece, after which the slide rises, the clams open, and the thimble-topped
piece carried to the central position A to have its head finished by the
hammer u when brought down by the succeeding downward movement
of the slider, and then the finished bolt, set screw, or rivet is first partly
raised by the lever e³, then further raised by the pusher on the lever m³,
then finally raised by the pusher ', and afterwards removed by the
operative. Fig. 4 represents the parts in position just before their
advance to the arm or lever clams and hammer, as shewn in Fig. 5;
Fig. 6 represents the position of the parts when the head is finished;
and Figs. 7 and 8 the positions during the removal of the bolt, set
screws, or rivets.
"

page_text: eight dies, but the number may be varied as required, and instead of
working the hammer lever by a crank and connecting rod I may
employ a cam for giving it variable motion.
It will be seen that the main features of the improvements consist in
the application to this description of machine of an additional ram,
hammer, or heading tool for giving a preliminary blow to prepare or
thimble-top the head, to be afterwards finished by a finishing hammer,
both hammers being used in combination with a stationary incline on
which the bottom ends of the stopper pins travel, and also with clams or
grippers which hold the metal whilst it is being thimble-topped; and I
may here remark that though these improvements are especially suitable
for manufacturing bolts, set screws, and rivets having square necks, they
can be employed with advantage when square necks are not required.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention
I desire it to be understood that in machinery for making bolts, set
screws, and rivets I claim, the employment of an additional ram,
hammer, or heading tool for giving a preliminary blow to prepare or
thimble-top the head, to be afterwards finished by a finishing hammer,
both hammers being used in combination with a stationary incline on
which the bottom ends of the stopper pins travel, and also with clamps
or grippers which hold the metal whilst it is being thimble-topped.
In witness whereof I, the said Edward Davies, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Edward
Davies in the presence of
· Ģ. Septimus HUGHES,
EDWARD DAVIES. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.