Improvements in Machinery for Making Tubes and Bars of Various Sizes and Sections from Solid Blocks of Metal.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th July, 1893—Accepted, 28th Oct., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Making Tubes and Bars of Various
Sizes and Sections from Solid Blocks of Metal.
We JULIUS WÜSTENHÖFER, of Arnsberg, Westfalia, Germany, Merchant,
and WILHELM SURMANN, of Barop, Westfalia, Germany, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In order to form a hollow article or a tube from a solid mass of material, (heated
metal) being sufficiently plastic, this mass or block of metal must be made to
revolve quickly and it must receive at the same time an axial movement and it
must be prevented from flying out in radial direction by the centrifugal force, and
it is thus that a seamless tube will be formed or also a round bar of any thickness.
If at the same time a mandril is inserted in the centre the size of the hole can be
fixed and the inner sides will be smooth and even.
By means of the machine invented by us, which is based on another invention of
ours, i.e. No. 24/1893, the rotary and axial motion of the block of metal is obtained
by being alternately seized by "jack plates" once at its upper side and once at its
lower side. These plates are arranged cross ways, intersecting each other at any.
desired angle and holding the block between them and moving to and fro. Suitable
guide pieces being applied to prevent the block from going out sideways.
The jack plates may be constructed with straight surfaces moving to and fro in a
straight line or they may be formed as parts of a circle swinging round fixed
fulcrums each and having their axes placed crossways to each other.
In the latter
case the swinging jack plates may touch the block on their convex or outer
circumference, or they may form parts of rings inserted one into the other like the
links of a chain and touching the block on their inner or convex sides in holding it
between them.
The movement of the jack plates may be caused by wheel gearing, rack and
pinion, or they may be set in motion by means of cranks or excentrics acting upon
connecting rods, or even a direct acting device, such as a piston and rod moved by
hydraulic power, steam or any other expanding medium.
On the accompanying drawing is shown a machine in detail and showing how the
jack plates are worked by means of a rack and pinion and sketches show modifica-
tions for attaining the saine result.
Figure is a vertical front view partly in section ;
Figure 2 is a side elevation ;
Figure 3 is a plan partly in section ;
Figs. 4 & 5 show the reversing device in an enlarged scale in vertical and
horizontal section.
Figs. 6 & 7 show a plan and an elevation respectively of the guide pieces for the
jack plates;
Figs. 8 & 9 is a plan and an elevation of a skeleton drawing of an arrangement
for actuating the jack plates by crank motion.
Figures 10 & 11 show a sketch in elevation and plan of an arrangement with
jack plates swinging on fixed fulcrums and working with their convex sides upon
the block.
Figs. 12 & 13 are sketches of a similar arrangement, but with the working faces
on the convex sides of the ring shaped rocking jack plates.

page_text: Figs. 14 and 15 are respectively a vertical and a horizontal section of the machine.
The machine consists of a strong frame 1 for the first motion gear, to which is
attached the standard 2 of the machine proper and in which are arranged the
working mechanisms. By means of a fast and loose pulley 3 and 4 respectively
the machine is set to work; a pinion 5 gears into a spur wheel 6 upon the shaft 7
at the end of which is keyed the bevil 8. This bevil wheel can be put in gear with
either of the bevil pinions 9 and 10 upon the vertical shaft 11, depending upon the
position given to the clutch 12, which latter can be shifted up and down and then
connects the respective pinion with the shaft so that it is turned in one direction or
the other. The pinions themselves sit loose upon the vertical shaft.
To the standard 1ª of the frame 1 is fixed a arm 13 carrying a nut 13ª into
which is screwed a bar or spindle 14 having a handle 14 at one end, by means of
which it can be turned round. The other end of the bar 14 is linked to a
lever 15 which is keyed to a pin 16 carried in a bracket, which is bolted to the
frame 2. To this pin are fixed arms 17, which seize the clutch 12 and lift it or
lower it according to the direction, in which the spindle 14 is turned, and thus
either of the pinions 9 or 10 can be brought in connection with the clutch and with
the vertical shaft 11, so that this is turned round in one direction or the other.
•
At the upper end of the shaft 11 is fixed a pinion 18, gearing into a large spur
wheel 19 upon a vertical shaft 20. At the lower end of shaft 11 is also fixed a
pinion 21, which works into an intermediate wheel 22 from which a spur wheel 23
is set in motion. This wheel 23 is keyed upon a shaft 24 placed exactly below and
central to the upper shaft 20. The ratio of the diameters of the upper pinion and
wheel 18 and 20 is the same as that of the three wheels 21, 22 and 23, so that the
vertical shafts 20 and 24 make the same number of revolutions.
At the inner ends of the shafts 20 and 24, that is at the lower one of 20 and at
the upper one of shaft 24 are fixed the pinions 25 and 26, which gear into the
racks of the jack plates 27 and 28 respectively, and these are therefore moved to
and fro alternately.
The jack plates are slightly bevilled at their working faces as can be seen in the
section of Figure 1; the bevilled part may be made rough.
Now the block of metal 29 to be worked is put between the two jack
plates 27 and 28; the guide pieces 30 and 31 prevent its slipping out side ways.
These pieces are made exchangeable and they may be provided with anti-friction
rollers at their inner ends, where they meet the metal block, in order to reduce the
friction.
In order to be able to produce thick and thin tubes or bars the jack plates are
arranged that they can be set appart or put closer together. They are guided in
pieces 32 and 33, which are provided with antifriction rollers 34 and 35. The
piece 33 is immovable in the vertical direction, but it can be turned in the
horizontal plane on its gudgeon in the frame 2. The piece 32 is adjustable in
the vertical direction as well as in the horizontal; it is mounted upon a strong
hollow screwed spindle 36, through which passes the shaft 20. The screw spindle
can be turned by means of the notched head 37 and the lever 38, which can be
turned upon the shaft 20 and thus the screw spindle can be screwed up and down in
the nut 2* fixed in the upper cross piece of the frame 2 raising and lowering at the
same time the guide screw 32 with the jack plate 27. For the sake of preventing
arbitrary turning of. the screw spindle the lever 30 can be secured in an arm 38ª on
the frame 2.
The arrangement described not only allows to work thick and thin blocks, but it
also admits pressing the jack plates together or to set them appart and release the
pressure while they are moved to and fro.
In order to be able to vary the angle in which the jack plates cross each other
and to fix them accordingly, there is an arm having a curved slot 40 in it cast to
the frame below the lower jack plate. An arm 39 corresponding to the said arm
on the frame is cast to the lower guide piece 33 and by means of a bolt put through

page_text: the arm 39 and the slot 40, both pieces can be fixed in their relative position to
each other, the slot allowing to change this position or to turn the guide piece
within a certain angle.
To the upper
A similar arrangement is provided for the upper jack plate.
guide piece 32 is cast an arm 39* and above it there is cast to the bridge bearing 2ª
a piece having a slot 40° so that now in the same manner as before the two pieces
can be fixed by inserting a strong bolt through 39 and 40ª and thus the upper
jack plate 27 can be placed in a certain angle to the lower one without influencing
the vertical adjustment, because the bridge bearing 2ª can be moved up and down
on the frame 2.
By means of the buffer head 42, which is held by bars 43, the mandril 44 can be
fixed to the machine. This machine may be varied in details; the principal
peculiarity of it is the intermittent movement of the jack plates put cross ways one
over the other so, that the angles in which they intersect, may be varied, and that
the one can be raised or lowered.
It does not alter the principle of working, but is merely a matter of design when
the jack plates 27" and 28ª (Figs. 8 & 9) are worked by cranks 45 and rods 46 on
shafts 47 which are driven by a common bevil gear 48.
The skeleton drawing Fig. 10 and 11 gives another variation for carrying out a
machine according to our idea. From a pair of bevil wheels 49, arranged as before,
shafts 50 are made to turn round, cranks 57 are fixed to their ends which, by means
of rods 52 actuate the jack plates 53, which in this case are made to rock to and fro
on fixed pins or bolts 54. The curved jack plates being set at an angle to each
other work upon the block between them in the same manner as if their working
faces were straight.
It does also not make any difference if the rocking jack plates 55, Figs. 12
and 13, which in other respects are arranged in exactly the same manner as those
of Figs. 10 and 11, are made as parts of rings and have their working faces on the
concave side as shown.
The means and devices for arranging the jack plates in one way or the other and
working them do not present any difficulties to the practical engineer, who has
understood the principal arrangement shown and described in detail.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. A machine for making tubes direct from a solid block of metal and also bars
of various thickness by the use of jack plates (27, 28), which are carried in a
frame 2 in such a manner that they can be moved to and fro alternately by a rack
and pinion 25 and 26 and 27, 28 respectively and which are so guided in guide
pieces 32 and 33 that they can be set at various angles to each other, and in which
machine the shafts 20 and 24 of the pinions 25 and 26 make the same number of
revolution by means of spur gearing 18, 19 and 21, 22, 23 respectively, a reversible
device 8, 9 and 10 being so connected with the shafts 20 and 24 that the plates can
be worked alternately.
2. In a machine for making tubes and bars having jack plates working to and
fro the screw spindle 36 and nut 37 and the lever 38 in combination with the guide
piece 32 for raising and lowering the upper jack plate.
3. In a machine for making tubes and bars by means of intermittent working
jack plates, the working of these plates by the cranks 45, shaft 47 and gear wheels 48
(Figs. 8 and 9).
4. In a machine for making tubes from a solid block of metal and bars by
means of jack plates working to and fro making the working surfaces of the jack
plates to form part of circles and causing them to swing backwards and forwards
on fixed fulcrums (Figs. 10 and 11).
5. The use of jack plates caused to move to and fro having their working

page_text: surfaces on the concave side of ring pieces 55 which are so arranged that they can
swing backwards and forwards whilst they carry the working piece between their
working faces (Figs. 12 & 13.
Dated this 7th day of Iul 1902
JULIUS WÜSTENHÖFER,
WILHELM SURMANN,
Per Karl J. Mayer,
Agent.