IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Emile Constant Martin, of No. 32, Albion
Street, Hyde Park, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM."
Sealed the 6th May 1864, and dated the 12th November 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Emile Constant
Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th November 1863.
I, LOUIS EMILE CONSTANT MARTIN, of No. 32, Albion Street, Hyde Park,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for generat-
ing steam.
In constructing apparatus for generating steam according to this Invention,
two cylinders are combined together concentrically one within the other, a
chamber or space being formed between the two in which heat and gases are
produced. Each cylinder is formed double in order to produce a hollow
space for receiving water. The upper ends of the two hollow water spaces 80
produced are connected together and a steam chamber is formed abovethem,
into which the steam as it is generated in the hollow water spaces rises. The
water spaces at their lower ends are closed. Openings are made at intervals
through the outer water space near its upper end for the purpose of admitting
fuel and air into the upper part of the space or chamber between the two water

page_text: spaces;
below these openings a horizontal water space or partition divides this
chamber between the two water spaces; this partition or horizontal hollow.
water space has through it numerous upright tubes, which are open at their
upper and lower ends, so that the gases and products of combustion produced
by the fuel and atmospheric air supplied to the upper heating chamber
descend into the lower heating chamber. At the lower part of the lower
heating chamber numerous tubes pass horizontally through the inner water
space, by which the products of combustion and gases pass into the lower
part of the central heating chamber. Above these horizontal tubes is a hollow
partition or water space, through which numerous upright tubes are fixed, which
are open at the upper and lower ends so as to allow the products of combustion
above mentioned, together with atmospheric air introduced at the bottom of
the apparatus, to rise up through the horizontal water space into and amongst
the ignited fuel placed above the water space. An opening and passage are
formed through the upper or steain chamber for supplying fuel into the central
heating chamber, and another opening is also formed into this chamber
through the sides of the water spaces. At the bottom of the central heating
chamber air is supplied through openings, which are arranged to be capable
of being more or less closed, in order that the quantity of air admitted
may be regulated. Through the upper portion of the cylindrical water spaces
metal bolts are passed, and the ends of these bolts are caused to project both
into the central heating chamber and also into the chamber between the two
water spaces, the ends of the bolts will thus become heated, and will transmit
the heat to the water in the water spaces. At the lower ends of the cylindrical
water spaces is a hollow ring-shaped chamber, with an inlet and an outlet,for
the purpose of superheating steam; the steam is conducted into the ring-
formed chamber and passes round the same,and comes out at the outlet, which
is divided from the inlet by a radial partition. Through the steam chamber
at the upper end of the apparatus is a hollow outlet passage, through which
the products pass from the heating chamber to a chimney or to any apparatus
which requires to be heated. And in order to obtain a good and constant draft
through the apparatus downwards through the outer heating chamber, and
upwards through the central or inner heating chamber, a fan is applied to
such outlet passage, by which the products are drawn through the outlet
passage, and they are thrown forward to any apparatus which requires to be
heated, or to a chimney, and, where it is desired that these heated products
should be mixing with a quantity of atmospheric air, there is fixed beyond the
fan case a conical passage having numerous holes formed through the same,
through which streams of atmospheric air pass and mix with the heated

page_text: products coming from the fan case, and arrangements may be made for
burning this mixture by causing the same to pass amongst ignited coke or
other fuel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Emile Constant Martin in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th May 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
EMILE CONSTANT MARTIN, of No. 32, Albion Street, Hyde Park, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Louis Emile Constant Martin, Her special licence that I, the said
Louis Emile Constant Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Louis Emile Constant Martin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING
STEAM," upon the condition (amongst others), that I, the said Louis Emile
Constant Martin, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Emile Constant Martin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
'This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for generating
steam.
In constructing apparatus for generating steam according to this Invention,
two cylinders are combined together concentrically one within the other, a

page_text: chamber or space being formed between the two in which heat and gases are
produced. Each cylinder is formed double in order to produce a hollow space
for receiving water. The upper ends of the two hollow water spaces so pro-
duced are connected together and asteam chamber is formed above them, into
which the steam as it is generated in the hollow water spaces rises. The
water spaces at their lower ends are closed Openings are made at intervals
through the outer water space near its upper end for the purpose of admitting
fuel and air into the upper part of the space or chamber between the two
water spaces; below these openings a horizontal water space or partition
divides this chamber between the two waterspaces; this partition or horizontal
hollow water space has through it numerous upright tubes, which are open
at their upper and lower ends, so that the gases and products of combustion
produced by the fuel and atmospheric air supplied to the upper heating
chamber descend into the lower heating chamber. At the lower part of the
lower heating chamber numerous tubes pass horizontally through the inner
water space, by which the products of combustion and gases pass into the
lower part of the central heating chamber. Above these horizontal tubes is a
hollow partition or water space, through which numerous upright tubes are
fixed, which are open at the upper and lower ends so as to allow the products
of combustion above mentioned, together with atmospheric air introduced at
the bottom of the apparatus, to rise up through the horizontal water space
into and amongst the ignited fuel placed above the water space. An opening
and passage are formed through the upper or steam chamber for supplying
fuel into the central heating chamber, and another opening is also formed
into this chamber through the sides of the water spaces. At the bottom of
the central heating chamber air is supplied through openings, which are
arranged to be capable of being more or less closed, in order that the quantity
of air admitted may be regulated. Through the upper portion of the cylindrical
water spaces metal bolts are passed, and the ends of these bolts are caused to
project both into the central heating chamber and also into the chamber between
the two water spaces, the ends of the bolts will thus become heated, and will
transmit the heat to the water in the water spaces. At the lower ends of the
cylindrical water spaces is a hollow ring-shaped chamber, with an inlet and
an outlet, for the purpose of superheating steam; the steam is conducted into
the ring-formed chamber and passes round the same, and comes out at the
outlet, which is divided from the inlet by a radial partition. Through the steam
chamber at the upper end of the apparatus is a hollow outlet passage, through
which the products pass from the heating chamber to a chimney or to any appa-
ratus which requires to be heated. And in order to obtain a good and constant

page_text: draft through the apparatus downwards through the outer heating chamber,
and upwards through the central or inner heating chamber, a fan is applied
to such outlet passage, by which the products are drawn through the outlet
passage, and they are thrown forward to any apparatus which requires
to be heated, or to a chimney, and, where it is desired that these heated
products should be mixed with a quantity of atmospheric air, there is
fixed beyond the fan case a conical passage having numerous holes formed
through the same, through which streams of atmospheric air pass, and mix
with the heated products coming from the fan case, and arrangements may
be made for burning this mixture by causing the same to pass amongst
ignited coke or other fuel.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews an elevation in section of apparatus constructed and
combined according to my Invention; Figure 2 shews part of a plan in
section taken as indicated; Figure 3 shews a horizontal section of part of
the perforated grating for the fuel supplied to the iuner cylinder; Figure 4
shews a plan of the ventilator for regulating the supply of air to the products
of combustion from the upper fire-place, and for supplying air to the fuel
in the fire-place in the upper cylinder. In each of these Figures the same
letters are used to indicate the same parts.
a, a, is the inner vessel or cylinder, and b, b, is the outer cylinder or vessel,
which are each double, and they are connected together at top and bottom,
and their water spaces are connected by the fire-grating or perforated surface
c, c, which is hollow and has numerous pipes or tubular passages through it.
On this surface the fuel of the upper fire is supported, and the fuel fed
thereto through openings ', c', at intervals around the outer vessel or
cylinder; the supply of air to support combustion passes down to and
through the fuel on this upper surface.
I would here remark that I make no claim to the use of a downward draft
through fuel placed on a hollow perforated surface, such a construction of
fire-place in steam boilers having before been employed. The products of
combustion pass downwards below the two hollow cylinders or vessels, and
thence through tubular passages or openings into the space below the fire-
place d, d, which is also hollow, though it might, if desired, be of fire-clay.
Below this fire is arranged ordinary apparatus for regulating the supply of
air to the chamber below the fire on d, d, as shewn. e, e, is a space into

page_text: which the steam from the steam chamber fmay be conducted to be super-
heated before it passes to the engine; g, g, are bolts passed through hollow
water spaces, and by reason of their protruding into the parts of the chambers
where the fires are made and the products of combustion pass, they become
highly heated and conduct such heat to the water in the hollow spaces;
h is a
rotating feeder for supplying fuel to the fire on d,d, and i is a chimney or flue
to which a fan and apparatus, such as is shewn at j, j, Figures 5 and 6, may
be applied, by which not only may a draft be induced through the fire
on d, d, but the products may be mixed with atmospheric air in the conical
chamber k, and the mixed products, if the end of the conical part of the
apparatus be connected with a chamber to receive it, might be conducted
to a furnace or apparatus to be burned.
I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to any of the parts
of the apparatus separately, they being old, but what I claim is, combining
the apparatus as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Louis Emile Constant Martin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
EMILE MARTIN. (L.S.)