IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE-WRITING MACHINES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, &
"
Co, Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE-WRITING MACHINES communicated to him from
abroad by James Bartlett Hammond, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th December 1883.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine Lake & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE-WRITING MACHINES
[A communication to him from abroad by James Bartlett Hammond, of the
City and State of New York, United States of America]
This invention relates to type-writing machines and has for its objects to provide
simpler, more efficient and more responsive mechanism, (having reference to
certainty and exactness of operation) the friction of which is reduced to a minimum
and involves therefore only a minimum expenditure of power by the operator;
and to improve the several parts concerned in performing the several functions
incident to a type writing machine in such a manner that the co-operation of these
parts shall be harmonious.
The said invention consists essentially in the novel construction and combination
of parts as hereinafter described.
In the following description the type carrier will for convenience be termed a
type segment but it is obvious that a type-wheel or even a flat plate on which the
type are similarly arranged is its equivalent in many respects.
According to the said invention the frame or stationary supporting part of the
machine is constructed of any suitable material, preferably of cast iron, and
embraces a bed plate, and a centre piece. The former is made in one piece and is
so formed as to serve as a support for the key levers, the key lever return stop
and retaining bar, the hammer arm, its operating spring, the escapement mechanism,
the carriage-supporting wheels, the carriage rack retaining bar, the carriage pro-
pelling mechanism, and the adjusting means for the type wheel shifting levers.

page_text: For the support of the key levers three concentric ribs, of which the axis of the
type wheel or segment is the common centre are provided, the intermediate rib,
being formed with a knife edge while the others are slitted or kerfed on lines
radiating from the said axis. For the hammer operating spring a proper cavity
or retaining means is provided and for the remaining parts the necessary journal
bearings and fastening means. The centre piece consists of an upper and a lower
plate the latter being securely connected to the bed plate, and separated the
necessary distance from the other by any suitable means. As one means of
securing a rigid connection and proper separation of the said centre piece plates
I may use shouldered posts, fitting into and resting against the same, and headed
screws, which, passing through the said plates into screw-threaded apertures of the
shouldered posts, bold the parts together. This construction may be modified by
substituting for the shouldered posts, plain posts or rods loosely surrounded by
shorter sleeves. These centre piece plates are each provided with apertures for
the passage of stop pins, with a cross-bar the uses of which will hereinafter appear,
and with bearings for the centre and other shafts of the machine.
The type-segment operating key levers, are all of the same size and shape, and
each is formed with an angular notch. At these notches they are fulcrummed on
the knife-edged rib and the said rib and notch, acting in conjunction, prevent
longitudinal displacement of the said levers. They are made wide in a vertical
direction to secure great rigidity. They are guided in their movement by the
kerts in the inner and outer concentric ribs of the bed plate which prevent their
lateral displacement-Since the said key levers are alike in size and shape it is
evident that they can be cheaply produced from sheet metal by the use of a single
die. To the outer ends of these key levers, finger keys are secured, and as the
latter are arranged in two rows or banks, it is necessary to provide alternate finger
keys with extensions passing between the finger keys of the inner row.
The extent of depression of the outer ends of the key-levers is limited by the
stop pins, pressed downward by their surrounding springs, while their upward
movement is limited by a key lever return-stop and retaining bar, which also
serves in connection with the kerfed ribs to maintain the key levers on their
fulcrums. In addition to the key levers for oscillating the type segment, three
other key levers are provided, one a spacing key lever, operating only the escape-
ment and preventing the full movement of the hammer, and the remaining two
type-segment-shifting-levers as will be hereinafter explained. The rear ends of
the type-segment-oscillating key-levers in their upward movement operate directly
three separate mechanisms the type segment oscillating mechanisms, the stop pins
and the spacing or feed mechanism, which latter indirectly effects the impression.
The type-segment is constructed of hard india-rubber, ebonite, or any analogous
or suitable material. It is constructed further in the skeleton form with light rim
and spokes, so as to secure the greatest possible lightness consistent with the requisite
strength. It is provided in this case with three rows of type, the upper row
representing an alphabet of lower case type, together with the more frequently
used punctuation marks; the second row an alphabet of capitals of the same font
together with marks and characters of less frequent use in writing or printing;
while the third row embraces whole numbers, fractions, and such characters as are
of comparatively rare use in printing. If the character of the work does not
embrace figures, the type-segment may be constructed without this last row, so as
to embrace only the first and second rows. In case the character of the work
requires the use of capitals exclusively, or in case it is desired to use only lower
case type, the type segment may have but one row of type, either capitals or lower
case. Type-segments of these several constructions, as well as type-segments
pertaining to different fonts of type, can be furnished with each machine and can
be readily and quickly substituted, one for the other, as will hereinafter appear.
The type are formed on a separate plate of bard india-rubber which is attached
to the type segment rim by any suitable means. The type segment is provided
with a lengthened hub or sleeve, which fits the upper end of type-segment shaft,

page_text: and rests against a shoulder on the same. A thumb nut, of greater diameter than
the sleeve, screws onto the screw-threaded diminished end of the type-seginent
shaft, but does not bind against the type-segment sleeve, so that the latter can
freely rotate on the shaft while its vertical displacement is prevented. By
removing the said thumb nut the type-segment can be quickly slipped off the shaft.
The type segment shaft passes through, and is guided by, the apertures in the
centre piece cross-bars. It is prevented from turning by a pin or screw passing
through the lower cross-bar into a longitudinal groove in the same; but any other
means may be employed. Its downward movement is arrested by an adjustable
collar, provided with a vertically placed adjusting screw, whose end abuts against
a cross-bar; a coiled spring, which bears against the said collar and cross-bar
operates to hold it down. By these means elevation of the type segment for
bringing other rows of type into alignment with the impression hammer is
permitted. Exact alignment of the type-segment with the impression hammer is
readily secured, and vertical movement or vibration of the type-segment shaft
prevented. For the single purpose of arresting the downward movement of the
shaft the said adjustable collar would be sufficient or even a permanent pin or
shoulder on the shaft, but by the employment of the adjusting screw a more ready
adjustment is secured and by both combined a means is provided for adjusting at
the same time the tension of the spring surrounding the shaft.
The oscillation of the type wheel or seginent is effected by the following
described mechanism. In standards and hangers of the centre piece are secure i
two shafts. Hereon extending from the standard to hanger, are mounted sleeves,
made preferably, for the sake of lightness, in skeleton forin, carrying horizontal
driving arms arranged to extend over the said key levers. These arms do not
extend over levers, since it is not the function of the said levers to oscillate the
type-segment. The said sleeves also carry vertical driving arins which, for
convenience of manufacture, are formed in two parts united by screws. A spring
secured to each arm bears with one end against the lower cross-bar of the centre
piece and operates to return the horizontal and vertical driving arms to their
normal position. The vertical and horizontal driving arms extend substantially at
right angles to each other and resemble in form a bell crank lever. I do not,
however, limit myself to this particular form or kind of driving lever, as any other
kind of lever cooperating directly with the key levers and with means connected
with the type segment to turn the latter, is embraced within the scope of this
invention.
Each vertical driving arm carries at its upper end a driving finger, which
operates in conjunction with mechanism now to be described to oscillate the type
seginent. Surrounding the type wheel sleeve, is a stop arm sleeve, provided with
a stop arm, which sweeps the field of the stop pins. The said stop arm carries a
vertical pin, which passes through an aperture in the tail piece of the type-
segment, so that motion communicated to the former may be transmitted to the
latter. The stop-arm sleeve is held from vertical movement by any suitable
means, but I employ as one means a screw inserted in the cross-bar whose head
overlaps the flanged base of the sleeve. The stop arm carries on its upper.
surface curved flanges, the inner ends of which act as driving projections, and
which ends will be so called, and it is with these projections that the fingers of
the vertical driving arms before described directly cooperate to impart movement
in two directions to the type-wheel. The said driving projections are placed at a
certain distance from the axis of the type-segment shaft which experience has
demonstrated to be the most favorable location for the application of the driving
power. Instead of the horizontal driving arm over the key levers being straight,
it may be curved, but in this case the key levers must be fulcrummed on a line
whose curve is not concentric with the ribs.
To return the type segment to its normal position various means may be
availed of, but I have constructed the stop arui so as to perform, in connection with
the driving fingers, this function. The arm proper is of sheet metal and its flanges

page_text: and returning and arresting studs are struck up therefrom. The said flanges, the
ends of which act as driving projections as before stated, are extended a certain
distance horizontally for a purpose which will hereinafter appear and are curved to
correspond with the curve of a circle drawn from the axis of the type segment
shaft as a centre. Outside of this circle are placed returning and arresting studs,
and opposite these, also outside of the said circle, stand the ends of the driving
fingers. As either driving arm advances to move the type segment its finger leaves
its returning stop and immediately strikes its driving projection, and as the
driving arm advances, its finger enters the space between the said projection and
stud, thus establishing a positive connection between the driving arm and stop
arm. When now either driving arm is being returned by its spring to its normal
position its finger operates on its returning stud to return the stop arm and type-
segment to position and only escapes from between the said projection and stud
when the type-segment has returned to its normal position. The said stop arm in
connection with the driving fingers, performs also another function, namely that of
stopping the type-segment, on its return, at the normal position. This is
accomplished through the medium of the opposite inactive driving arm and its
adjacent stop-arm-returning-stud, the latter in returning abutting against the
finger of the then inactive driving arm, whereby its further movement is arrested.
But still another function is performed by said stop arm, namely that of locking
either driving arm in its normal position when the other is in operation and this is
due to the fact that when one arm has engaged the stop-arm and moved it more or
less, the flange of the opposite driving projection is thereby presented opposite the
other driving finger and acts to stop the forward movement of its adjacent driving
arm. These flanges are of a length sufficient to act as locks on the driving arms
for the full range of movement of the type segment, and may, therefore, be called
locking flanges. It is also evident from the construction shown that if two keys
on opposite sides of the median line are simultaneously depressed no movement of
the type-segment can take place.
To secure perfect alignment of every type on the segment with an imaginary
vertical line on the impression hammer a series of stop pins, is provided, which
pins rest on the key levers and operate in conjunction with the stop arm.
To bring the second and third rows of type into alignment with the impression
hammer the following mechanism is provided. On each side of the central spacing
key a lever is arranged which levers to obtain sufficient leverage are pivoted on a
rib instead of on the knife edge. If the type segment carries only two rows of
type only one lever is necessary.-They are notched where they rest on the said
rib and their rear ends operate against the lower end of the type segment shaft,
but they may operate in apertures through the same or against laterally projecting
pins or studs thereof. Beneath the finger keys of these levers adjustable stops
passing through lugs cast on the bed piate, are arranged which, by limiting and
adjusting the extent of the downward movement of said keys, operate to secure,
for each of the said key levers, the proper vertical adjustment of the type segment,
so that its second and third rows of type may each be brought into perfect
alignment with the impression hammer.
Instead of arranging the stops under the finger keys they may be located over
their levers near the type-segment shaft in supports, the location of which will
readily suggest itself, so as to limit and adjust their upward motion. But this
arrangement, while it possesses some advantages, is not readily accessible for
adjustment.
Over each of these type segment elevating key levers, is pivoted at the front of
the machine, a locking cam lever, or a stop which, by its handle, can be turned to
lock its key lever in its depressed position, so that in cases where use is made
principally or exclusively of the second or third rows of type, both hands are free
for manipulation of the finger keys. By providing this locking lever with a
cam-shaped end the segment elevating key levers can be firmly locked in position.
The feed mechanism which in addition to moving the paper carrier or carriage,

page_text: also controls the impression hammer, resembles in principle the invention described
in the Specification of United States Patent Dated February 3rd AD 1880
No 224,088 but differs substantially therefrom in its mechanism. In the standard
of the bed plate and preferably on the adjustable bearing pins, is mounted the
rocking feed frame, whose front cross piece extends over the rear ends of the
several key-levers, and whose rear part or shaft is provided with a rearward
extension carrying an adjustable screw projection resting on a pawl arm of an
escapement pawl which latter is secured in the bed plate to the end of a horizontal
shaft impelled by its surrounding spiral spring to turn in a direction to cause the
said pawl arm to rest against the upper end of the bed plate slot through which it
projects.
The spring surrounding the pawl shaft has one end secured to or resting against
the bed plate while its other end bears against a projecting set screw which passes
through and adjustably secures a collar on the said shaft. This collar is placed to
retain the pawl shaft in place and serves also as a means for varying the tension of
the spring. With this escapement pawl cooperates an escapement wheel fixed on a
shaft. This shaft carries a rigidly fixed disc provided with a spring pawl and also
a loose sleeve which on one end is provided with a pinion for engagement with the
rack bar of the carriage and on the opposite end with a ratchet wheel, which latter
cooperates with the before mentioned spring pawl in a manner to cause the said
shaft and its escapement wheel to move with the sleeve when the operating spring
of the carriage pulls the latter through its pinion to the left, and which pawl rides
freely over the said ratchet wheel when the carriage is pushed to the right. The
said shaft further carries, loosely mounted thereon adjacent to the escapement
wheel, the hammer returning arm or lever regulated in its downward movement by
an adjustable stop and provided with an aperture for the hammer arm stud, and
with a hammer setting escapement pawl, the latter carrying near its operative end
a pin or stud which extends into the vertical slot of an arm or extension of the
escapement pawl.
This escapement pawl may be directly mounted on the hammer arm and the
lever dispensed with, but this is not the preferred construction.
The transmission of motion from the carriage operating spring to the escapement
wheel is effected by means of a cogged wheel on the periphery of the casing
surrounding the said spring, which wheel gears with the carriage rack-bar. The
said rack bar in turn operates the pinion of the ratchet wheel carrying sleeve, and
this, through the pawl of the fixed disc turns the shaft and its escapement wheel.
The described escapement mechanism is applicable where it is not combined
with a hammer, for it is immaterial whether the lever is elevated indirectly by
the hammer spring or directly by a spring whose only function is directed to
that end.
Beneath the adjustable stop of the hammer setting lever in or on a projection of
the bed plate, is provided a yielding abutment for the said stop consisting
preferably of an india-rubber block, for the purpose of relieving the carriage spring
from sudden shocks, diminishing noise, and securing smoothness of operation.
Instead of providing the bed plate with a yielding abutment, the end of the stop
may be provided with such india-rubber block.
The bammer and its operating mechanism comprises a shaft journalled in
standards of the bed plate on which shaft the branched or bifurcated end of the
hammer arm is mounted. The two branches of the said arm are widely separated
to maintain it in the desired vertical plane. Its vertical arm is T-shaped in cross-
section to ensure the necessary rigidity. The lower end of the vertical part
situated at some distance behind the pivot of its horizontal branched part works
freely in a slot of a hollow post projecting from the bed plate which post carries a
hammer operating spring and a spring-protecting anti-friction button, the latter
abutting directly against the hammer arm. The lower end of the spring abuts
against the end of an adjusting screw by which the tension of the spring may be

page_text: adjusted. A stud projects rearwardly from the latter into an aperture in the
hammer returning escapement lever, by this means connecting these parts.
The spacing mechanism consists of a key lever, having a finger key preferably
arranged centrally, so that it may not operate the type wheel driving arms; it may
however have any other location and may be cut away so as not to act on said
arms; also several of them may be provided if desired. One may be located at or
near each end and the two be joined by a semi-circular finger bar extending in
front of the key levers, as is usual in the class of type writers in common use, but
I consider the construction described the most desirable. This spacing key acts as
do all the other keys on the cross bar of the escapement mechanism, but it also
acts on a hammer checking mechanism which prevents the hammer from
accomplishing the full length of its stroke, which provision is necessary since the
escapement mechanism also operates the hammer.
The hammer checking mechanism is arranged as follows: Between the hangers of
the centre piece on the inner projecting ends of shafts is pivoted a hooked lever
whose forward end is elevated by the depression of the spacing key only causing
its rearwardly extending hooked end to engage with a pin on a forwardly
extending tail piece connected to, or integrally forming a part of, the bifurcated
hammer arm. The said engagement checks and limits the forward motion of the
hammer permitting it, however, to move sufficiently to ensure the operation of the
spacing mechanism. Instead of the hooked lever engaging with an extension of
the hammer arm, it could be arranged to engage with the hammer arm directly.
The spacing key could also be extended and formed at its end so as to act as a
catch to hold the hammer, and in this case the hooked lever could be dispensed
with.
The inking mechanism may be described as follows, that is to say:-In the
bottom flanges and top ears of the centre piece two vertical shafts are mounted,
one one each side, provided above the said ears with a fixed collar having a flanged
part on which the ribbon spool rests, and a coned part on which a split sleeve fits.
To prevent rotation of the split sleeve on the cone, the latter is provided with a
pin which fits between the ends of the sleeve. The upper end of the shaft is
screw-threaded to receive a coned nut provided with a milled head for convenient
manipulation. The diameter of the said head and nut is less than that of the
aperture in the spool, so that the latter can be removed by merely loosening
instead of first entirely removing the said nut. When the split sleeve, the coned
nut, and the spool are in place, the latter may be clamped to the shaft by turning
down the nut, whereby the oppositely coned parts spread the split sleeve and press
it against the surface of the aperture in the spool. This mechanism permits the
quick insertion, removal, clamping and unclamping of a spool without removal of
any other parts. Each ribbon spool is held against vertical displacement by a
screw or pin, which passing through the lower bearing, enters a peripheral groove
of the shaft. This screw may be located in the upper bearing if desired. Each
shaft also carries a worm-gear which two worm-gears engage respectively with
right and left-handed worms on a transverse shaft mounted in bearings in the
centre piece. This worm provided shaft also carries a ratchet wheel and on one of
the side arms of the rocking feed frame is pivoted a weighted pawl which, when
the said frame is elevated by the key levers to feed the paper carriage, engages
this ratchet wheel and is so placed with regard to the latter that it will rotate the
same and its worm shaft in a direction to cause the ribbon spool shafts to turn
from each other, considered with relation to the position of the inking ribbon.
The purpose of the quickly operated and efficient spool clamping mechanism
described will now be apparent. When the machine is in operation one of the
spools must be unclamped so that the other clamped spool can pull and take up
the ribbon from the former which is free to move and in a direction contrary to
that of its vertical shaft. To reverse the direction of motion of the inking ribbon
the clamped spool must be unclamped and vice versa. By slightly clamping the

page_text: spool from which the ribbon is pulled the desired tension on the ribbon is secured.
The key levers can be relieved and the operation of moving the vertical ribbon
spool shafts can be transferred to the carriage spring, by means of a transverse
shaft geared to the carriage rack and to said worm shaft but I prefer the
construction described.
The inking ribbon passes from spool to spool in front of the vertical upwardly
extending flange of a guard rim or plate supported at a suitable distance above the
upper centre piece plate by two standards or posts and cut away adjacent to the
impression hammer. The said rim supports two vertically slotted posts which
receive in their slots the ends of a thin flexible metal sheet apertured opposite the
impression hammer and secured in the said slotted posts by clamping screws This
arrangement permits the shield to yield when an impression is being made, so that
the type of the segment may be encompassed by the sides of the aperture in the
shield and protrude through it. Instead of this construction the upper ends of
these posts might be cone-shaped and screw-threaded, and a nut fitting over the
same might clamp the parts together, thus holding the shield in the slots. The
said flexible apertured plate or shield presses against the vertical guard flange and
operates to maintain the inking ribbon, which passes between it and the said guard
flange, in its proper vertical position the said ribbon being also prevented from
sagging by the horizontal rim of the guard plate. The flexible apertured plate also
acts as a shield preventing contact of the inking ribbon with the paper, except
opposite the impression hammer, at the time an impression is made, and the
vertical flange of the guard plate also protects the type wheel and adjacent
mechanism.
This flexible plate is provided with two apertures, closely adjacent to each other,
of which one, is opposite the impression hammer, while the other is further to the
left. The function of the first named slot or aperture is obvious. The other is
provided for the purpose of preventing contact of that part of the paper on which
an impression has just been made with the said flexible plate so as not to blur the
not yet sufficiently dry impression. When the following impression is being made
the previously made impression will be opposite this opening and the movement of
the impression hammer against the paper cannot operate to blot, or cause to offset
on the shield, the previously made impression.
The arrangement and construction of the paper carriage with its several
attachments is as follows: On the bed plate are mounted three grooved rollers,
on which the rebated carriage rack moves, its rebates resting on the flanges of the
said rollers while its cogs are guided between the same. It is actuated by the
circular rack on the periphery of the casing enclosing the operating spring, which
mechanism is of the usual construction and mounted on the bed plate in the usual
manner. To retain the said rack bar in position on the rollers a retaining bar
having flanged arms is screwed to a standard on the bed plate with the Banges of
the said arms resting on the said rack bar.
may
Near the ends of said carriage rack bar are fastened the carriage ends preferably
of open form, so as to permit the insertion of paper of any width. Each is rebated
on the side facing the other to receive the ends of a flexible hard india-rubber
sheet or case, curved to a corresponding form and held therein by any suitable
means. The longitudinal edges of this curved sheet or case are reinforced by a
metal binding bent to form inwardly projecting flanges to ensure the folding of
the paper within the case or cylinder in whichever direction it chance to turn,
when first inserted therein, by passing it between the rollers hereinafter described.
Each end is formed with an arm and these arms are connected by a guide rod
which rests on and is guided by the centre piece cross-bar. Instead of resting on
the said plate the said rod may rest on a roller or rollers preferably bevelled on the
side toward the carriage and secured to the said plate. The paper or material on
which the impression is to be made is held between two rollers, one of which is
held in stationary bearings of the carriage ends, while the other, is pivoted
in hangers rigidly secured to the hanger cross rod journalled in the vertical arms,

page_text: of the carriage ends. The said hanger cross rod is provided with a spring,
arranged to rock or turn the shaft in a direction to press the said pivoted roll
through its hangers forward into contact with the fixed roll. This spring may be
arranged at one end only or at both ends and in lieu of this construction, a flat
spring or springs secured to.the.carriage end or ends and bearing on the free ends
of the hangers may be adopted.
To separate the rollers (which are covered with india-rubber) for the insertion
of the paper, a cam lever or roll opener having a cam notch and a handle or thumb
piece is pivoted to the right hand carriage end, and engages with the intended
shaft of the pivoted india-rubber roll. The depression of the said roll opener
separates the rolls, while elevation of the same allows the before-mentioned spring
to bring the rolls into contact to grip the paper. The extended shaft is provided
with a milled head whereby when the ratchet on the other end of its pivoted roll
is released the said roll may be turned in either direction, for adjustment of the
paper.
To effect line spacing or vertical feed of the paper the following described
mechanism is provided. On the end of the pivoted roll a ratchet wheel is fixed,
and adjacent thereto on the shaft of the said roll is loosely mounted a click lever
to which is pivoted a click or pawl held in engagement therewith by a spring
This pawl is provided with a handle by which, when the same is lifted to abut
against the stop or click lever, it is disengaged from the ratchet wheel, so that the
pivoted roll is free to turn in either direction. The adjacent roll hanger is
provided with a stop so arranged with respect to said click or pawl as to cause
the latter to wedge between it and the ratchet wheel and thus limit the forward
motion of the said pawl. The purpose of the stop on lever is to prevent the
operative end of the click or pawl from passing outside of the stop.
On the opposite end of the click lever beyond its point or fulcrum is formed
a slot with which the end of a bell crank thumb lever engages. This line spacing
thumb lever is pivoted to a laterally projecting lug of the left hand carriage end,
and is provided at its pivot with a spring operating to throw the thumb piece
away from the said carriage end. Opposite the said thumb lever on the vertical
arm of the said carriage end is placed loosely on a screw stud having an enlarged
head, a milled collar. The said collar is provided on the side facing the thumb
lever with a series of projections or stops of varying length, and on its opposite
side at corresponding places with a series of holes or sockets into which a projecting
pin on the carriage end may fit to hold the said collar against rotation on its stud.
The aperture through the collar is stepped to form a ledge against which one end
of a spring surrounding the screw stud abuts while the opposite end of the said
spring rests against the enlarged head of said screw stud. By sliding the collar
on its stud away from the carriage and against the pressure of the spring, it may
be disengaged from the pin thereon and then rotated to bring any other one of the
series of stops into alignment with the arm of the thumb lever. This thumb lever
is placed on the left side of the machine so that the operation in returning the
carriage to position to commence a new line will by the same motion also operate
the said thumb lever. This operation will depress its inner end to an extent
determined by that stop on the collar against which its vertical arm abuts, and
this downward movement will elevate the rear end of the pawl lever and cause
its attached pawl to slip the determined distance over its ratchet wheel. When
now the thumb lever is released its spring returns the several parts to position,
but the pawl having engaged the ratchet wheel will turn it and its roll and
consequently move the paper until the said pawl is wedged against its stop. If
a greater or less line space is desired a shorter or longer stop is interposed in the
path of the thumb lever by adjustment of the collar as before described.
In returning the carriage to position it is desirable to prevent the possible
operation or movement of the escapement mechanism, which may occur through
friction of the parts on each other and to this end I have fixed to the escapement
pawl a flat steel spring arranged to extend with its free end between the teeth of

page_text: the escapement wheel and to permit the teeth of the said wheel to slip by when
the wheel turns in one direction but to bind thereon so as to prevent motion in the
opposite direction.
It is often desirable to advance the paper carriage a considerable distance and
to do this quickly with one motion of the hand and in any position of the carriage
instead of by the step by step movement, the following described mechanism is
employed. At the ends of the carriage rack, on studs, short links are pivoted (if
desired one of these links may be pivoted to the carriage end,) which are joined by
a longitudinal disengaging rod lying in front of and parallel to the said rack.
This rod can be moved rearward by a finger lever pivoted on the left hand carriage
end, and connected at its lower end to the said disengaging bar, a spring operating
either directly or indirectly to move it forward. This disengaging bar rests in a
depression or is otherwise secured to the disengaging sleeve composed of a side
arm, yoke and collar which is mounted on a shaft and moved longitudinally thereon
by the said disengaging bar. The collar on the rear end of this sleeve is cone-
shaped, and is fitted to closely slide over a ratchet wheel and when moved rearward
by the disengaging rod operates as a cam to disengage the spring pawl of the disc
from the said ratchet wheel. It should here be stated that the spring pawl is
bevelled on the side adjacent to the cone-shaped collar, so that the said collar can
lift the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet wheel. As this disengagement
frees the sleeve which carries the said ratchet wheel and pinion from connection
with the shaft and so with the escapement wheel, the restraint on the carriage
spring is removed, which now rapidly moves the carriage to the left, restrained
only by the hand of the operator, who releases his hold on the operating lever and
carriage when the desired location of the latter is reached. The position of the
operating lever on the carriage ensures the presence of manual restraint on the
carriage spring at the instant the disengaging mechanism is operated. A spring
may be placed to operate directly on the disengaging frame to return it to normal
position, or the spring may operate directly on the disengaging bar.
The vertical extensions of the carriage ends are provided with the broadened
tops which are connected by a broad and rigid metal sheet, which serves the
purpose of an erasing tablet over which the paper can be bent without removing
it from the carriage. To these vertical extensions is also attached by pivots the
paper supporting rack whose side arms, resting against pins, support it in the
necessary inclined position. To the hangers of the carriage roll are secured the
ends of a thin flexible sheet, preferably of india-rubber, which is interposed between
the paper and the impression hammer and serves to compensate for possible
inequalities of surface of the type on the segment.
In the signalling mechanism for giving notice of the proximity of the end of a
line the belt is fixed on the impression hammer arm in a position substantially in
line with the hammer end. It is together with a weight, arranged in a cavity and
secured to the hammer arm by a screw, This arrangement secures the necessary
momentum for the hammer and utilizes the bell to assist in that function.
When the bell is itself made sufficiently heavy the weight may be dispensed with.
The bell hammer is pivoted to a lateral extension of a semi-cylindrical skeleton-
frame whose ends grasp the roll hanger shaft under the erasing tablet being firmly
held in place by the grooved arm thereof, which fits the edge of the erasing tablet.
This construction permits a longitudinal adjustment of the bell hammer on the
carriage. The rearward extension or tail of the bell bammer abuts against
the under side of the erasing tablet and determines the proper position of the said
hammer for engagement with the bell when the part of the carriage to which the
bell hammer is fixed arrives opposite its bell, secured as before described.
The separate stop arm and attached sleeve can also be employed, when the type
segment carries but one row of type and is rigidly secured to its shaft instead of
turning on the same.
It is obvious that the mechanism berein shown for moving the type segment is
VALLA An the murmant of a Ant tone note for the tune wheel could ha

page_text: transformed into a pinion gearing with a rack on the rear of a type plate suitably
guided, or an arm could be substituted for the type wheel or segment for
engagement with such plate by means of a sliding connection.
In lieu of one type segment, two segments may be employed, each carrying a
portion of the total number of characters required. This construction possesses
some advantages over that heretofore described in that it provides space for the
application of inking rollers, so that an inking ribbon may be dispensed with.
According to this modification the key levers are mounted as before described and
operate the stop pins guided by the plate. The driving levers are of substantially
the same construction as before described. The shouldered shaft which passes
through the frame is surrounded by a spring for depressing the shaft a nut holding
the type segments in place. On the segment shaft are mounted two type segments
each carrying a portion of the total number of characters required. The arraugement
of characters preferred is to confine lower case letters or small capitals to the upper
horizontal row of each type segment, large capitals to the second horizontal row,
and figures and punctuation marks to the lower row, adding also to the upper and
middle rows such few punctuation marks as are of frequent occurrence.
The type
faces of these two type segments are so arranged that each when operated is
brought into proper position opposite the impression hammer.
One type segment is provided with a sleeve which is mounted on a shaft and
abuts against the shoulder on the same. The other type segment is provided with
a like, but larger, sleeve which surrounds the smaller sleeve of the first segment
and also abuts against the shoulder on the shaft. The upper end of the larger
sleeve also abuts against a shoulder on the smaller sleeve to prevent vertical
displacement. A nut holds the type segments in place. Secured to each type
segment is a depending connecting pin which slides through an opening in a link
whose opposite end is pivoted by means of a screw or other suitable means to an
ear on the vertical arm of the driving lever. Each type segment has its own pin,
link and driving lever, and either one can, therefore, be operated and returned to
normal position without moving or disturbing the other or its driving mechanism.
Each driving lever. is returned to operative position by a spring and being
positively connected with its type segment returns the latter also to normal
position.
Two stop arms are provided, each having a sleeve one of which surrounds the
type segment sleeve. The lower ends of both sleeves rest on the frame and the
outer sleeve is provided with a flange or rib which fits the groove of a headed pin
or roller secured to the plate and prevents vertical displacement. The inner sleeve
is provided with a projection which passes through a circumferential slot in the
outer sleeve and is also held by a roller. Each stop arm sleeve is provided with a
lug or projection for cooperation with the pins of the two type segments. These
lugs are placed a definite distance from the stop arms and for this distance the
pins can move without moving the stop arms the purpose of which arrangement
will be presently explained. The distance of the forward end of each segment
from the impression point is equal to the circumferential length of the type face
and this space is required in order that each type segment may oscillate to the
full extent of its movement without interference with the other, or in other words,
the normal position of each type segment is outside the field of oscillation of the
other. The extent of this field is about equal to twice the circumferential length
of the type segment face. As each type segment has to oscillate a distance
substantially equal to its circumferential length before the letter nearest the
impression point is in position to effect an impression it is evident that space is
provided for the application of inking rollers past which the segments may
oscillate to receive ink before reaching their printing position.
To prevent each stop arm from passing beyond its field of motion into that of
the other, a stop pin is arranged on the plate against which each stop arm abuts
To return each stop arm in position a spring for each arm may be provided For
instance, two spiral springs may be attached at one end to one stop pin while

page_text: their other ends are attached one to each of the other stop arms a short distance
from their sleeves.
By reason of the extent of movement permitted to the stop pin between the
stop-arm and its lug, before it comes in contact with either, the considerable
advantage is secured that the key lever which has moved the type segment need
only be returned half way to position before another key lever operating the same
type segment can be depressed, which permits freedom of movement in the
fingering and avoids the necessity of returning each key lever to position before
the next one pertaining to the same segment is touched. Another advantage
secured by the positive connection of the two type segments to separate impelling
mechanisms is that no interference of the same with each other can take place,
and that simple positive connections can be made. A further advantage is that a
convenient space is secured for the location of inking rollers.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Robert Lake in the Patent Office on the 18th June
1884.
"
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and C° Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, IMPROVEMENTS IN TYPE-WRITING MACHINES
A communication to me from abroad by James Bartlett Hammond of the
City and State of New York, United States of America
This invention relates to type-writing machines and has for its objects to
provide simple, efficient and responsive mechanism (having reference to certainty
and exactness of operation) the friction of which is reduced to a minimum and
involves therefore only a minimum expenditure of power by the operator; and
further to improve the several parts concerned in performing the several functions
incident to a type writing machine in such a manner that the cooperation of these
parts shall be harmonious.
The said invention consists essentially in the novel construction and combination
of parts as hereinafter described and comprises improvements in the machines
described in the specifications of United States patents N° 224,088, 224,183,
232,402, 249,930, and 253,475.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1, represents a plan view of a machine constructed according to this
invention
Figure 2 is a rear elevation, and
Figure 3 is a side elevation
Figure 4 is a plan view, of the carriage and part of the centre piece being
removed
Figure 5 is a vertical central transverse section on the line x x Figure 1.
Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal section on the line y y Figure 4.
Figure 7 is a plan view of the bed plate
Figure 8 is a plan view of the type segment driving mechanism, and type-
segment guard plate
Figure 9 is a detached view of the ribbon spools operating mechanism.
Figures 10, 11, and 13 are views of details of the line feed mechanism
Figure 12 is a side elevation of the paper carriage,—right hand end.
Figure 14 is the bell hammer and its bracket.
Figures 15 and 16, are views relating to the escapement mechanism.
Figure 17, is a view relating to the impression hammer, and its operating
mechanism.
Figure 18 is a plan, side elevation, and isometrical view of the stop arm and its
sleeve
Figure 19 shews a rear view and views of details of the shield and its supporting
means
Figure 20 is an elevation of the locking cam levers in connection with the type
segment shaft elevating levers
Figure 21 is a view of the line feed regulator.
Figure 22 is a part of the carriage frame, showing the spring operating or
disengaging rod.
Figures 23 and 24 represent respectively a plan and vertical section of a modified
construction in which two type segments are employed.
In the following description the type carrier will for convenience be termed a
type segment but it is obvious that a type wheel, or even a flat plate on which
the type are similarly arranged is its equivalent in many respects.

page_text: The frame or stationary supporting part of the machine constructed of any
suitable material, preferably of cast iron, and comprises a bed plate, A, and a
centre piece. C. The former is made in one piece (see Figure 7) and is so
formed as to serve as a support for the key levers, the key lever return stop
and retaining bar, the hammer arm, its operating spring, the escapement
mechanism, the carriage-supporting wheels, the carriage rack retaining bar, the
carriage propelling mechanisin and the adjusting means for the type wheel shifting
levers.
For the support of the key levers three concentric ribs of which the axis of the
type wheel or segment is the common centre, are provided, the intermediate rib 1
being formed with a knife edge while the others 8 and 9, are slit or kerfed on
lines radiating from the said axis. For the hammer operating spring a proper
cavity or retaining means is provided and for the remaining parts the necessary
journal bearings and fastening means
The centre piece consists of upper and lower plates F and G (see Figure 3) the
latter being securely connected to the bed plate. The plates are separated the
As one means of
necessary distance from each other by any suitable means.
securing a rigid connection and proper separation of the said centre piece plates I
bave shown in the drawings (see Figure 6) shouldered posts 34, fitting into and
resting against the same, and headed screws, which passing through the said plates
into screw-threaded apertures of the shouldered posts, hold the parts together.
This construction may be modified by substituting for the shouldered posts, plain
posts or rods loosely surrounded by shorter sleeves. These centre piece plates are
each provided with apertures for the passage of the stop pins, with cross-bars 19, 26
the uses of which will hereinafter appear, and with bearings for the centre and
other shafts of the machine.
The type-segment operating key levers, 2 are all of the same size and shape, and
each is formed with an angular notch 7. At these notches the said levers are
fulcrummed on the knife edged rib and the said rib and notch acting in con-
junction, prevent longitudinal displacement of the said levers. They are made wide
in a vertical direction to secure great rigidity, and are guided in their movement
by the kerfs in the inner and outer concentric ribs of the bed plate which ribs
prevent their lateral displacement, Since the said key levers are alike in size and
shape it is evident that they can be cheaply produced from sheet metal by the use
of a single die. To the outer ends of these key levers, finger keys 21 are secured,
and as the latter are arranged in two rows or banks, as shown (see Figure 5) it is
necessary to provide alternate finger keys with extensions 211 (see Figure 1) passing
between the finger keys of the inner row. The extent of depression of the outer
ends of the key levers is limited by stop pins, pressed downward by their
surrounding springs, while their upward movement is limited by the key levér
return-stop and retaining bar 181, which also serves in connection with the kerfed
ribs to maintain the key levers on their fulcrums. In addition to the key levers
for oscillating the type segment three other key levers are provided, one a spacing
key lever operating only the escapement and preventing the full movement of the
hammer, and the remaining two type-segment shifting-levers as will be hereinafter
explained. The rear ends of the type-segment-oscillating key-levers in their
upward movement operate directly the type segment oscillating mechanism, the
stop pins, and the spacing or feed mechanism which latter indirectly effects the
impression
The type-segment is constructed of hard india-rubber, ebonite, or any analogous
or suitable material. It is constructed in skeleton form with light rim and spokes,
so as to secure the greatest possible lightness consistent with the requisite strength.
It is provided with three rows of type, the upper row representing an alphabet of
lower case type, together with the more frequently used punctuation marks: the
5 second row an alphabet of capitals of the same fount together with marks and
characters, of less frequent use in writing or printing: while the third row
embraces whole numbers, fractions, and such characters as are of comparatively

page_text: rare use in printing. If the character of the work does not embrace figures, the
type-segment may be constructed without this last row, so as to embrace only the
first and second rows. In case the character of the work requires the use of
capita's exclusively, or in case it is desired to use only lower case type, the type-
segment may have but one row of type, either capitals or lower case.
Type
segments of these several constructions as well as type-segments pertaining to
different founts of type can be furnished with each machine and can be readily and
quickly substituted one for the other, as will hereinafter appear.
The type are formed on a separate plate of hard india-rubber which is attached
to the type-segment rim, by any suitable means. The type segment is provided
with a lengthened hub or sleeve which fits the upper end of type-segment shaft, E,
and rests against a shoulder on the same. A thumb nut 23, of greater diameter
than the sleeve, screws onto the screw-threaded diminished end of the type-
segment shaft, but does not bind against the type-segment sleeve, so that the latter
can freely rotate on the shaft while its vertical displacement is prevented. By
removing the said thumb nut the type-segment can be quickly slipped off the
shaft.
The type-segment shaft passes through and is guided by the apertures in the
centre piece cross-bars 19 and 26, and is prevented from turning by a pin or screw
passing through the lower cross-bar into a longitudinal groove in the same: but
any other means may be employed. The downward movement of the segment
shaft is arrested by an adjustable collar, 30, provided with a vertically placed
adjusting screw 31, whose end abuts against the cross-bar 26. A coiled spring 29,
which bears against the said collar and cross-bar 19, operates to hold the segment
shaft down. By these means the elevation of the type segment for bringing other
rows of type into alignment with the impression hammer is permitted, exact
alignment of the type-segment with the impression hammer is readily secured, and
vertical movement or vibration of the type-segment-shaft prevented.
For the single purpose of arresting the downward movement of the shaft, the
collar 30 would be sufficient, or even a permanent pin or shoulder on the shaft, but
by the employment of the screw 31 a more ready adjustment is secured, and by
both combined a means is provided for adjusting at the same time the tension of
the spring surrounding the shaft
The oscillation of the type wheel or segment is effected by the following
described mechanism. In the standards 16 and hangers 37 of the centre piece are
secured the two shafts B. Hereon, extending from the standard to the hanger, are
mounted sleeves, made preferably, for the sake of lightness, in skeleton form,
carrying horizontal driving armis b arranged to extend over the said key levers.
These arms do not extend over the levers 10, 13 and 14, since it is not the function
of the said levers to oscillate the type-segment. The said sleeves also carry vertical
driving arms c which, for convenience of manufacture, are formed in two parts
united by screws 27.-A spring 25 secured to each arın bears with one end against
the lower cross-bar 26 of the centre piece and operates to return the horizontal and
vertical driving arms to their normal position. The vertical and horizontal driving
arms extend substantially at right angles to each other and resemble in form a bell
crank lever. I do not, however, limit myself to this particular form or kind of
driving lever, as any other kind of lever cooperating directly with the key levers
and with means connected with the type-segment to turn the latter is embraced
within the scope of this invention.
Each vertical driving arm carries at its upper end a driving finger 17, which
operates in conjunction with mechanism now to be described to oscillate the type
segment. Surrounding the type wheel sleeve, is a stop arm sleeve 20, provided
with a stop arm 21, which sweeps the field of the stop pins as described in several
of the said former specifications. The said stop arm carries a vertical pin 22,
which passes through an aperture in the tail piece d of the type-segment D, so that
motion communicated to the former may be transmitted to the latter. The stop-
arm sleeve is held from vertical movement by any suitable means, but I have shown

page_text: in the drawing as one means a screw inserted in the cross-bar 19 whose head
overlaps the flanged base of the sleeve. The stop arm carries on its upper surface
curved flanges 35, the inner ends 24 of which act as driving projections, and will
be hereinafter so termed, and it is with these projections that the fingers 17 of the
vertical driving arms before described directly cooperate to impart movement in
two directions to the type-wheel.
The driving projections, 24, are placed at a certain distance from the axis
of the type-segment shaft, which experience has demonstrated to be the
most favorable location for the application of the driving power. The opera-
tion of this combination of parts is briefly as follows: Depression of the right
hand key levers will, through the medium of the right hand horizontal and
vertical driving arms, the finger 17, the projection 24, the stop arm sleeve 20
the stop arm 21, the pin 22, and the type-segment tail piece, turn the said type
segment to the left, so as to bring any type on the right hand side of the type
segment into alignment with the impression hammer, while a movement of any
left hand key lever will through its driving arms, etc, operate to turn the type
segment in the opposite direction. It is evident that each succeeding key lever,
considered from the median line outward, imparts a greater movement to the type
segment than its preceding one, from which it follows that the arrangement of type
on the segment must correspond with that of the letters on the finger keys. The
nearer the operated key lever is to the fulcrum of the horizontal driving arm the
greater the oscillation of the type segment, and from this it may at first sight
appear as if the form of said driving arm, instead of being substantially straight,
should correspond to the curve of the knife-edge fulcrum. Several factors operate
to modify this form, notably the operation of the fingers 17 on the projections 24,
the former moving in a substantially straight line while the latter move in a circle
and the fact that the horizontal driving arm rests only on the outer key lever, being
slightly elevated above the others (not shown) for the purpose of permitting one
key to be partly depressed or to slightly yield to the touch of the finger before
a previously operated key has been released, as this has been found by experience to
be desirable. Instead of the horizontal driving arm over the key levers being
straight, it may be curved, but in this case the key levers must be fulcrummed on
a line whose curve is not concentric with the ribs 8 and 9, as is evident.
To return the type segment to its normal position various means may be
employed but I have constructed the stop arm so as to perform, in connection with
the driving fingers, this function. The arm proper is of sheet metal and its
flanges 35, and returning and arresting studs, 32, are struck up therefrom (see
Figure 18). The said Hanges the ends of which act as driving projections as.
before stated are extended a certain distance horizontally for a purpose which will
hereinafter appear and are curved to correspond with the curve of a circle drawn
from the axis of the type segment shaft as a centre. Outside this circle are
placed the returning and arresting studs, 32, and opposite these, also outside of the
said circle, stand the ends of the driving fingers 17.
As either driving arm
advances to move the type segment its finger leaves its returning stop and
immediately strikes its driving projection, and as the driving arm advances, its
finger enters the space between the said projection and stud, thus establishing a
positive connection between the driving arm and stop arm, when now either
driving arm is being returned by its spring 25 to its normal position, its finger
operates on its returning stud to return the stop arm and type segment to position,
and only escapes from between the said projection and stud when the type segment
has returned to its normal position. Said stop arm in connection with the driving
fingers, performs also another function, namely that of stopping the type-segment,
on its return, at the normal position. This is accomplished through the medium of
the opposite inactive driving arm and its adjacent stop-arm-returning-stud, the
latter in returning abutting against the finger of the then inactive driving arm,
whereby its further movement is arrested. But still another function is performed
by said stop arm, namely that of locking either driving arm in its normal position

page_text: when the other is in operation and this is due to the fact that when one arm has
engaged the stop arm and moved it more or less, the flange 35 of the opposite
driving projection is thereby presented opposite the other driving finger and acts
to stop the forward movement of its adjacent driving arm. These flanges are of a
length sufficient to act as locks on the driving arms for the full range of movement
of the type segment, and may, therefore be called locking flanges. It is evident
from the construction shown that if two keys on opposite sides of the median line
are simultaneously depressed no movement of the type-segment can take place.
From the foregoing description it, therefore, appears that the stop arm, in
connection with other parts of the mechanism performs the following functions:
1. It drives the type-segment.-2. It arrests it in the proper position 3. It
returns it. 4. It arrests it on its return at the normal position. 5. It locks either
driving arm when the other is in operation and 6. It prevents the simultaneous
operation of two key-levers situated on opposite sides of the median line. In
Figures, 5 and 6 a modification of the stop arm is shown.
To secure perfect alignment of every type on the segment with an imaginary
vertical line on the impression hammer, the series of stop pins, 51 is provided, which
pins rest on the key levers and operate in conjunction with the stop arm 21 as
described in the said former specifications.
To bring the second and third rows of type into alignment with the impression
hammer, the following described mechanism is provided. At the sides of the
central spacing key levers 13 14 are arranged, which levers to obtain sufficient
leverage are pivotted on a rib 9, instead of on the knife edge 1. If the type-
segment carries only two rows of type, only one lever is necessary. The said levers
are notched at 15 where they rest on the said rib 9 and their rear ends are shown
as operating against the lower end of the type segment shaft, but they may operate
in apertures, through the same or against laterally projecting pins or studs thereof.
Beneath the finger keys 131, 14¹ of these levers adjustable stops, 28, passing through
lugs cast on the bed plate, are arranged, which, stops, by limiting and adjusting the
extent of the downward movement of the said keys, operate to secure, for each of
the said key levers, the proper vertical adjustment of the type segment, so that its
second and third rows of type may each be brought into perfect alignment with the
impression hammer.
Instead of arranging the stops under the finger keys they may be located over
their levers near the type segment shaft, in supports, the location of which will
readily suggest itself, so as to limit and adjust their upward motion. But this
arrangement, while it possesses some advantages, is not so readily accessible for
adjustment as the arrangement shown.
Over each of these type segment elevating key levers, is pivotted at the front of
the machine, a locking cam lever 6, or a stop, which, by its handle, can be turned
to lock its key lever in its depressed position, so that in cases where use is made
principally or exclusively of the second or third rows of type, both hands are free
for manipulation of the finger keys. By providing this locking lever with a cam-
shaped end the segment elevating key levers can be firmly locked in position
The feed mechanism which in addition to moving the paper carrier or carriage,
also controls the impression hammer, resembles in principle the invention described
in the specification of United States Patent N° 224,088 but differs substantially
therefrom in its mechanism. In the standard 40, of the bed plate and preferably
on the adjustable bearing pins, 39 is mounted the rocking feed frame whose front
cross piece 38 extends over the rear ends of the several key-levers, and whose rear
part or shaft 41, is provided with a rearward extension 42, carrying an adjustable
screw projection, 43, resting on the pawl arm 44 of the escapement pawl 48, which
latter is secured in the bed plate to the end of a horizontal shaft impelled by its
surrounding spiral spring to turn in a direction to cause this said arm 44 to rest
against the upper end of the bed plate slot through which it projects.
The spring surrounding the pawl shaft has one end secured to or resting against
the bed plate, while its other end bears against a projecting set screw which passes

page_text: esca
through and adjustably secures a collar on the said shaft. This collar is placed as
shown to retain the pawl shaft in place and serves also, as is evident, as a means
for varying the tension of the spring. With this escapement pawl, 48, cooperates
an escapement wheel K, fixed on a shaft 97, which carries a rigidly fixed disc 96
provided with a spring pawl 98, and also a loose sleeve 95, which, on one end, is
provided with a pinion 94, for engagement with the rack bar of the carriage and
on the opposite eud with a ratchet wheel 175. The latter cooperates with the
before mentioned spring pawl 98 in a manner to cause the said shaft 97 and its
capement wheel K to move with the sleeve when the operating spring of the
carriage pulls the latter through its pinion to the left, which pawl rides freely over
the said ratchet wheel when the carriage is pushed to the right. The shaft 97
further carries, loosely mounted thereon adjacent to the escapement wheel K, the
hammer returning arm or lever 45, regulated in its downward movement by an
adjustable stop 50, and provided with an aperture for the hammer arm stud 47,
(see Figure 17) aud with a hammer setting escapement pawl 46, the latter carrying
near its operative end a pin or stud which extends into the vertical slot of an arm
or extension of the escapement pawl 46. This pawl 46 may be directly mounted
on the hammer arm and the lever 45 dispensed with, but this is not the preferred
construction.
The operation of this combined feed and hammer, operating mechanism is as
follows that is to say;-Operation of a key lever elevates the pivotted cross bar 38
and in consequence depresses its rear extension 42 which in turn depresses the pawl
arm 44 and causes its pawl 48 to engage and lock the escapement wheel K. As
soon as this engagement is effected the hammer setting escapement pawl 46 is
removed from engagement with the escapement wheel K by the vertically slotted
arm of the said pawl 48, and immediately rises in obedience to the force of the
hammer impelling spring transmitted through lever 45, taking its new position
opposite the next succeeding space between the teeth of the escapement wheel.
When now the key lever is released the spring surrounding the shaft of the escape-
ment pawl 48 throws up the arm 44 thereof and releases said pawl from engagement
with said escapement wheel, but simultaneously with or immediately preceding this
release the vertical arm of pawl 48 carries pawl 46 forward into engagement there-
with. As this pawl is held in its elevated position by the hammer impelling spring
and as this spring is weaker than the carriage propelling spring it follows that the
pawl 46 cannot prevent the escapement wheel, and therefore, the carriage from
moving, which movement effects the required feed of the paper.
The transmission of motion from the carriage operating spring to the escapement
wheel K is effected by means of the cogged wheel M, on the periphery of the
casing S, surrounding the said spring, which wheel gears with the carriage rack-
bar 70. The said rack bar in turn operates the pinion 94 of the ratchet wheel
carrying sleeve and this, through the pawl 98 of disc 96, turns the shaft 97 and its
escapement wheel K. The described escapement mechanism is applicable where it
is not combined with a hammer, for it is immaterial whether the lever 45 is
elevated indirectly by the hammer spring or directly by a spring whose only
function is directed to that end.
Beneath the adjustable stop 50 of the hammer setting lever 45 in or on a
projection of the bed plate, is provided a yielding abutment for the said stop,
shown in dotted lines in Figure 2, consisting preferably of an india-rubber block,
for the purpose of relieving the carriage spring from sudden shocks, diminishing
noise and securing smoothness of operation. Instead of providing the bed plate
with a yielding abutment, the end of the stop 50 may be provided with such
india-rubber block
The hammer and its operating mechanism comprises a shaft O journalled in
standards of the bed plate, on which shaft the branched or bifurcated end of the
hammer arm L is mounted. The two branches of the said arm are widely
separated to maintain it in the desired vertical plane. Its vertical arm is T-shaped
in cross section to ensure the necessary rigidity. The lower end of the vertical

page_text: part situated at some distance behind the pivot of its horizontal branch part
works freely in a slot of a hollow post projecting from the bed plate (see Figure 17)
which post carries the hammer operating spring 52 and a spring protecting anti-
friction button, the latter abutting directly against the hammer arm. The lower
end of the spring abuts against the end of an adjusting screw, as clearly shown in
the drawings (Figure 17) by which screw the tension of the spring may be adjusted.
A stud 47 projects rearwardly from the latter into an aperture in the hammer
returning escapement lever, by this means connecting these parts
The operation of this hammer mechanism is as follows: As before described the
depression of a key lever releases pawl 46 from engagement with the escapement
wheel, which by the superior force of the carriage operating spring had held it
down overcoming the upward pressure of the relatively weaker hammer spring,
which latter now being unrestrained operates the hammer and in so doing elevates
lever 45 and its pawl 46. When now the key lever is returned to its normal
position, the pawl 48 is released from and pawl 46 again engaged with the
escapement wheel K, but as before explained this depresses pawl 46 which in turn
depresses the hammer returning escapement lever 45, and the latter through
stud 47 returns the hammer to its normal position, compressing its operating spring
and thus storing up power to be expended upon the next following depression
of any key lever. The relative location of the hammer face, type wheel and
inking ribbon is the same as shown and described in some of the said former
specifications and the operation of making an impression need not, therefore, be
described,
The word spacing mechanism consists of a key lever, 10, having a finger key 101,
preferably arranged centrally as shown, so that it may not operate the type wheel
driving arms; it may however have any other location and may be cut away so as
not to act on said arms; several of them may be provided if desired. One may be
located at or near each end and the two be joined by a semi-circular finger bar
extending in front of the key levers, as is usual in the class of type writers in
common use, but I consider the construction shown, which I have provided with
an enlarged finger key, as the most desirable. This spacing key acts as do all the
other keys on the cross bar 38 of the escapement mechanism, but it also acts on a
hammer checking mechanism which prevents the hammer from accomplishing the
full length of its stroke, which provision is necessary since the escapement
mechanism also operates the hammer.
The hammer checking mechanism is arranged as follows that is to say ;-Between
the hangers 37 of the centre piece on the inner projecting ends of shafts B is
pivotted a hooked lever 55 whose forward end is elevated by the depression of the
spacing key only (see Figure 4) causing its rearwardly extending hooked end to
engage with a pin 54 on a forwardly extending tail piece 53 connected to or
integrally forming a part of the bifurcated hammer arm. The said engagement
checks and limits the forward motion of the hammer, permitting it, however, to
move sufficiently to ensure the operation of the spacing mechanism. Instead of the
hooked lever engaging with an extension of the hammer arm, it could be arranged
to engage with the hammer arın directly. The spacing key could also be extended
and formed at its end so as to act as a catch to hold the hammer, and in this case
the hooked lever could be dispensed with.
The inking mechanism may be described as follows; that is to say:-In the
bottom flanges and top ears of the centre piece two vertical shafts 63 are mounted,
one on each side, provided above said ears with a fixed collar 64 having a flanged
part on which the ribbon spool M³ rests and a coned part on which a split
sleeve 65 fits. To prevent rotation of the split sleeve on the cone, the latter is
provided with a pin which fits between the ends of the sleeve (see Figure 9).
The upper end of the shaft is screw-threaded to receive a coned nut 66 provided
with a milled head for convenient manipulation. The diameter of said head and
nut is less than that of the aperture in the spool so that the latter can be removed
by merely loosing, instead of first entirely removing, the said nut. When the split

page_text: sleeve, the coned nut and the spool are in place, the latter may be clampled to the
shaft by turning down the nut, whereby the oppositely cone parts spread the
split sleeve and press it against the surface of the aperture in the spool. This
mechanism permits the quick insertion, removal, clamping and unclamping of a
spool without removal of any other parts. Each ribbon spool is held against
vertical displacement by a screw or pin, which passing through the lower bearing,
enters a peripheral groove of the shaft. This screw may be located in the upper
bearing if desired. Each shaft also carries a worm-gear wheel 62. which two worm
gear wheels engage respectively with right and left-handed worms 61 on a
transverse shaft 60 mounted in bearings in the centre piece. This shaft also
carries a ratchet wheel 59 and on one of the side arms of the rocking feed frame
is pivotted a weighed pawl 58 which, when the said frame is elevated by the key
levers to feed the paper carriage, engages this ratchet wheel 59 and is so placed
with regard to the latter that it will rotate the same and its worm shaft in a
direction to cause the ribbon spool shafts to turn from each other, considered with
relation to the position of the inking ribbon.
The purpose of the quickly operated and efficient spool. clamping mechanism
described will now be apparent. When the machine is in operation one of the
spools must be unclamped so that the other clamped spool can pull and take up
the ribbon from the former which is free to move and in a direction contrary to
that of its vertical shaft. To reverse the direction of motion of the inking ribbon
the clamped spool must be unclamped and vice versa. By slightly clamping the
spool from which the ribbon is pulled the desired tension on the ribbon is secured.
The key levers can be relieved and the operation of moving the vertical ribbon
spool shafts can be transferred to the carriage spring by means of a transverse
shaft geared to the carriage rack and to said worm shaft, but I prefer the construction
illustrated.
The inking ribbon passes from spool to spool in front of the vertical upwardly
extending flange 166 of a guard rim or plate 67 supported a suitable distance
above the upper centre piece plate by two standards or posts 12 and cut away
adjacent the impression hammer as shown in Figure 8. The said rim supports
two vertically slotted posts 68 which receive in their slots the ends of a thin
flexible metal sheet 69 apertured opposite the impression hammer (see Figures 8
and 19) and secured in the said slotted posts by clamping screws as clearly shown
in Figure 19. This arrangement permits the shield to yield when an impression is
being made, so that the type of the segment may be encompassed by the sides of
the aperture in the shield and protrude through it.
Instead of this construction the upper ends of these posts might be cone-shaped
and screw threaded and a nut fitting over the same might clamp the parts together,
thus holding the shield in the slots. Said flexible apertured plate or shield presses
against the vertical guard flange (see Figure 8) and operates to maintain the
inking ribbon, which passes between it and said guard flange, it its proper vertical
position said ribbon being also prevented from sagging by the horizontal rim of
the guard plate. The flexible apertured plate also acts as a shield preventing
contact of the inking ribbon with the paper, except opposite the impression hammer,
at the time an impression is made, and the vertical flange of the guard plate also
protects the type wheel and adjacent mechanism.
This flexible plate is provided with two apertures closely adjacent to each other,
of which one, 56, is opposite the impression hammer, while the other, 57 is further
to the left. The function of the first named slot or aperture is obvious. The
other is provided for the purpose of preventing contact of that part of the paper on
which an impression has just been made with the said flexible plate so as not to
blur the not yet sufficiently dry impression. When the following impression is
being made the previously made impression will be opposite this opening and the
movement of the impression hammer against the paper cannot operate to blot, or
cause to offset on the shield, the previously made impression.
-
The arrangement and construction of the Daner carriage with its several

page_text: attachments is as follows; On the bed plate are mounted three grooved rollers, 71,
on which the rebated carriage rack, 70, moves, its rebates resting on the flanges of
said rollers while its cogs N are guided between the same. The paper carriage is
actuated by the circular rack on the periphery of the casing enclosing the operating
spring, which mechanism is of the usual construction and mounted on the bed
plate in the usual manner. To retain the said rack bar in position on the rollers a
retaining bar (see Figures 2 and 5) having flanged arms, 72, is screwed to a
standard on the bed plate with the flanges of the said arms resting on the said
rack bar.
Near the ends of said carriage rack bar are fastened the carriage ends QR
preferably of the open form shown so as to permit the insertion of paper of any
width. Each is rebated on the side facing the other to receive the ends of a
flexible hard india-rubber sheet or case, 183, curved to a corresponding form and
held therein by any suitable means. The longitudinal edges of this curved sheet
or case are reinforced by a metal binding 75 bent to form inwardly projecting
flanges 76 to ensure the folding of the paper within the case or cylinder in which-
eyer direction it may chance to turn, when first inserted therein, by passing it
between the rollers hereinafter described. Each end is formed with an arm 74, and
these arms are connected by the guide rod 73, which rests on and is guided by the
centre piece cross-bar 19 (see Figure 5). Instead of resting on the said plate the
said rod may rest on a roller or rollers preferably bevelled on the side toward the
carriage and secured to the said plate, The paper or material on which
the impression is to be made is held between two rollers O¹. P. one of which P is
held in stationary bearings of the carriage ends, while the other, O' is pivotted in
hangers 77 (see Figures 12. and 13) rigidly secured to the hanger cross rod 78,
journalled in the vertical arms, 79, of the carriage ends, Said hanger cross rod 78
is provided with a spring, 80, arranged to rock or turn the shaft in a direction to
press the said roll O₁ through its hangers forward into contact with roll P. This
spring may be arranged at one end only or at both ends and in lieu of this
construction, a flat spring or springs secured to the carriage end or ends and
bearing on the free ends of the hangers may be adopted.
To separate the rollers (which are covered with india rubber for the insertion of
the paper, a cam lever or roll opener 81 having a cam notch and a handle or thumb
piece is pivotted to the right hand carriage end and engages with the extended
shaft 781 of the rubber roll 01 The depression of the said roll opener separates
the rolls, while elevation of the same allows the before-mentioned-spring to bring
the rolls into contact to grip the paper. The extended shaft 78' is provided with
a milled head 82 whereby when the ratchet on the other end of its roll O¹ is
released the said roll may be turned in either direction, for adjustment of the
paper.
To effect line spacing or vertical feed of the paper, the following described
mechanism is provided. On the end of the roll O₁ a ratchet wheel 90 is fixed,
(see Figures 10 and 11) and adjacent, thereto on the shaft of the said roll is loosely
mounted a click lever 87 to which is pivotted the click or pawl 88 held in
engagement therewith by a spring 89-This pawl is provided with a handle by
which when the same is lifted to abut against the stop or click lever 87, it is
disengaged from the ratchet wheel so that the roll 01 is free to turn in either
direction. The adjacent roll hanger is provided with a stop 91 so arranged with
respect to the said pawl 88 as to cause the latter to wedge between it and
the ratchet wheel (see Figure 10) and thus limit the forward motion of the said
pawl.
The purpose of the stop on lever 87 is to prevent the operative end of the pawl 88
from passing outside of the stop 91.
On the opposite end of the click lever beyond its point or fulcrum is formed a
slot with which the end 86 of the bell crank thumb lever 84 engages This line
spacing thumb lever is pivoted to the latterally projecting lug 83 of the left hand
carriage end, and is provided at its pivot with a spring 85 operating to throw the

page_text: thumb piece away from the said carriage end. Opposite the said thumb lever on
the vertical arm of the said carriage end is placed loosely on a screw stud having
an enlarged head, a milled collar 92. The said collar is provided on the side facing
the thumb lever with a series of projections or stops 93 of varying length, and on
its opposite side at corresponding places with a series of holes or sockets into which
a projecting pin on the carriage end may fit to hold the said collar against rotation
on its stud. The aperture through the collar is stepped to form a ledge against
which one end of a spring surrounding the screw stud abuts while the opposite
end of the said spring rests against the enlarged head of said screw stud. By
sliding the collar on its stud away from the carriage end against the pressure of
the spring, it may be disengaged from the pin thereon and then rotated to bring
any other one of the series of stops into alignment with the arm 84 of the thumb
lever.
The said thumb lever is placed on the left side of the machine and in the
position shewn, so that the operative in returning the carriage to position to
commence a new line will by the same motion also operate the said thumb lever.
This operation will depress its inner end, 86, to an extent determined by that stop
on the collar against which its vertical arm abuts, and this downward movement
will elevate the rear end of the pawl lever 87 and cause its attached pawl to slip
the determined distance over its ratchet wheel When now the thumb lever is
released its spring returns the several parts to position, but the pawl having
engaged the ratchet wheel will turn it and its roll O¹ and consequently move the
paper until said pawl is wedged against stop 91 If a greater or less line space is
desired a shorter or longer stop is interposed in the path of the thumb lever by
adjustment of the collar as before described.
In returning the carriage to position, it is desirable to prevent the possible
operation or movement of the escapement mechanism which may occur through
friction of the parts on each other, and to this end I have fixed to the escapement
pawl 48 a flat steel spring 49 arranged to extend with its free end between the
teeth of the escapement wheel K and to permit the teeth of the said wheel to slip
by when the wheel turns in the direction of the arrow, but to bind thereon so as
to prevent motion in the opposite direction.
It is often desirable to advance the paper carriage a considerable distance and
to do this quickly with one motion of the hand and in any position of the carriage
instead of by the step by step movement, the following described mechanism is
employed. At the ends of the carriage rack, on studs 104, short links 103 are
pivoted see Figure 12, (if desired one of these links may be pivoted to the carriage
end) which are joined by a longitudinal disengaging rod 102 lying in front of and
parallel to the said rack. This rod can be moved rearward by a finger lever 105
pivoted on the left hand carriage end and connected at its lower end to the said
disengaging bar, a spring 106 operating either directly or indirectly to move it
forward see Figures 2, 3 and 22. This disengaging bar rests in a depression, or is
otherwise secured to the disengaging sleeve composed of a side arm, 100 yoke 101
and collar 99 which is mounted on shaft 97 and moved longitudinally thereon by
the said disengaging bar. The collar on the rear end of this sleeve is cone-shaped
and is fitted to closely slide over the ratchet wheel 175 (see Figure 15) and when
moved rearward by the disengaging rod operates as a cam to disengage the spring
pawl 98 of the dise 96 from the said ratchet wheel. It should here be stated
that pawl 98 is bevelled on the side adjacent to the cone-shaped collar, so that the
said collar can lift the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet wheel. As this
disengagement frees the sleeve which carries the said ratchet wheel and pinion 94
from connection with the shaft 97 and so with the escapement wheel K it is evident
from the operation of the escapement mechanism that the restraint on the carringe
spring is removed whereby the latter now rapidly moves the carriage to the left,
restrained only by the hand of the operator, who releases his hold on the operating
lever and carriage when the desired location of the latter is reached. The position
of the operating lever on the carriage ensures the presence of manual restraint on

page_text: the carriage spring at the instant the disengaging mechanism is operated. A
spring may be placed to operate directly on the disengaging frame to return it to
normal position, or the spring may operate directly on the disengaging bar.
The vertical extensions of the carriage ends are provided with the broadened
tops which are connected by a broad and rigid metal sheet 178 which serves the
purpose of an erasing tablet over which the paper can be bent without removing
it from the carriage. To these vertical extensions is also attached by pivots the
paper supporting rack whose side arms resting against pins support it in the
necessary inclined position To the hangers of the carriage roll O¹ are secured
the ends of a thin flexible sheet, preferably of india-rubber, which is interposed
between the paper and the impression hammer and serves to compensate for
possible inequalities of surface of the type on the segment.
In the signalling mechanism for giving notice of the proximity of the end of
a line the bell 177 is fixed on the impression hammer arm in a position
substantially in line with the hammer end (see Figure 5) It is together with a
weight arranged in a cavity and secured to the hammer arm by a screw. This
arrangement secures the necessary momentum for the hammer and utilizes the bell
to assist in that function. When the bell is itself made sufficiently heavy the
weight may be dispensed with. The bell hammer 176 is pivoted to a lateral
extension of a semi cylindrical skeleton frame, T whose ends 179 grasp the roll
hanger shaft 78 under the erasing tablet (see Figure 12) being firmly held in place
by the grooved arm 180 thereof which fits the edge of the erasing tablet This
construction permits a longitudinal adjustment of the bell hammer on the carriage.
The rearward extension or tail of the bell hammer abuts against the under side of
the erasing tablet and determines the proper position of the said hammer for
engagement with the bell when the part of the carriage to which the bell hammer
is fixed arrives opposite its bell secured as before described.
The separate stop arm and attached sleeve can also be employed, when the type
segment carries, but one row of type and is rigidly secured to its shaft instead of
turning on the same.
It is obvious that the mechanism herein shown for moving the type segment is
also applicable to the movement of a flat type plate, for the type wheel could be
transformed into a pinion gearing with a rack on the rear of a type plate suitably
guided, or an arm could be substituted for the type wheel or segment for
engagement with such plate by means of a sliding connection.
In lieu of one type segment, two segments may be employed, each carrying a
portion of the total number of characters required. This construction possesses some
advantages over that heretofore described in that it provides space for the
application of inking rollers, so that an inking ribbon may be dispensed with.
This modification is illustrated in Figures 23 and 24 wherein the key levers B are
mounted as before described and operate the stop pins O guided by the plate D.
The driving levers G are of substantially the same construction as before described.
N indicates the shouldered shaft which passes through the frame R and is
surrounded by a spring m for depressing the shaft the mechanism for elevating it
not being shown. M indicates the nut holding the type segments in place
On the segment shaft are mounted two type segments k and each carrying a
portion of the total number of characters required. The arrangement of characters
preferred is to confine lower case letters or small capitals to the upper horizontal
row of each type segment, large capitals to the second horizontal row and figures
and punctuation marks to the lower row, adding also to the upper and middle rows
such few punctuation marks as are of frequent occurrence. The type faces of these
two type segments are arranged as shown in the vertical sectional view, so that
each when operated is brought into proper position opposite the impression hammer
(not shown in the drawings) The type segment K is provided with a sleeve a
which is mounted on the shaft N and abuts against the shoulder on the same.
type segment is provided with a like but larger sleeve b which surrounds the
sleeve a of the segment K and also abuts against a shoulder on the shaft. The
The

page_text: upper end of the sleeve ò also abuts against a shoulder on the sleeve a to prevent
vertical displacement. A nut M holds the type segments in place. Secured to each
type segment is a depending connecting pin e which slides through an opening in
a link whose opposite end is pivotted by means of a screw g or other suitable
means to an ear on the vertical arm of the driving lever G. Each type segment
has its own pin, link and driving lever, and, either one can, therefore, be operated
and returned to normal position without moving or disturbing the other or its
driving mechanism Each driving lever is returned to operative position by a
spring (not shown) and being positively connected with its type segment returns
the latter also to normal position
Two stop arms r and 8 are provided the former having a sleeve c and the latter
a sleeve d. The sleeve d surrounds the sleeve c and the sleeve c surrounds the
type segment sleeve b. The lower ends of both sleeves c and d rest on the frame R
and the outer sleeve d-is provided with a flange or rib which fits the groove of a
headed pin or roller E secured to plate R and prevents vertical displacement. The
inner sleeve c is provided with a projection which passes through a circumferential
slot in the sleeve d and is also held by a roller E. Each stop arm sleeve is
provided with a lug or projection t for cooperation with the pins e of the two type
segments. These lugs are placed a definite distance from the stop arms, and for
this distance the pins e can move without moving the stop arms the purpose of
which arrangement will be presently explained. In the drawings each type
segment is shown in its normal position and the distance of the forward end of
each segment from the impression point is equal to the circumferential length of
the type face. This space is required in order that each type segment may
oscillate to the full extent of its movement without interference with the other, or
in other words, the normal position of each type segment is outside the field of
oscillation of the other. The extent of this field is about equal to twice the
circumferential length of the type segment face. As each type segment has to
oscillate a distance substantially equal to its circumferential length before the
letter nearest the impression point is in position to effect an impression, it is
evident that space is provided for the application of inking rollers past which
the segments may oscillate to receive ink before reaching their printing
position.
To prevent each stop arm from passing beyond its field of motion into that of
the other, a stop pin wis arranged on the plate D, against which each stop arm
abuts. To return each stop arm to position a spring for each arm may be
provided; for instance, two spiral springs may be attached at one end to stop
pin w, while their other ends are attached, one to each of the stop arms at a short
distance from their sleeves.
The operation of the mechanism described is as follows:-The depression of a
right hand key lever tilts the right hand driving lever whose vertical driving arm
moving to the rear oscillates through the pine and link of the right hand type
segment, moving it to the left from its normal position. When the type segment
has been moved a distance equal about to its circumferential length its pin strikes
the lug of the right hand stop arm, and for the remainder of the forward
movement the type segment and stop arm move together until the stop arm arrests
the type segment by reason of its contact with the proper stop pin. When the
key lever is released, the spring, before described as arranged to operate on the
driving lever, returns the type segment to normal position, while the spring
connected to the stop arm returns the latter to its normal position. During this
oscillation and operation of the right hand type wheel and driving mechanism,
the left hand type wheel and its driving mechanism, have been at rest. When a
left hand key lever is operated the left hand type segment is oscillated in the
same manner as before described with regard to the right hand type segment.
By reason of the extent of movement permitted to the stop pin e between the
stop-arm and its lug, before it comes in contact with either, the considerable

page_text: advantage is secured that the key lever which has moved the type segment need
only be returned half way to position before another key lever operating the same
type segment can be depressed which permits freedom of movement in the fingering
and avoids the necessity of returning each key lever to position before the next
one pertaining to the same segment is touched. Another advantage secured by
the positive connection of the two type segments to separate impelling mechanisms
is that no interference of the same with each other can take place and that
simple positive connections can be made; a further advantage is that a convenient
space is secured for the location of inking rollers.
Having thus fully described the said invention as communicated to me by my
Foreign Correspondent and the manner of performing the same I wish it
understood that I Claim ;-
First The combination with the type segment, of the shaft whereon it is
mounted, the spring operating on said shaft, and a stop on the latter for limiting
its movement, substantially as described.
Second-The combination with an oscillating type wheel or segment carrying
several rows of type as described of a sliding non-oscillating shaft, whereon the
said type segment is mounted, and a properly adjusted shifting key lever or levers
arranged to move the said shaft and shift its type segment substantially as and for
the purpose, set forth.
Third: The combination with an oscillating type wheel or segment carrying
several rows of type as described of a sliding non-oscillating shaft whereon the said
type segment is mounted means for regulating its adjustment and through it that
of the type segment, and a properly adjusted key lever or levers arranged to move
the said shaft and shift its type segment substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Fourth-The combination with an oscillating type wheel or segment carrying
several rows of type as described, of a sliding non-oscillating shaft whereon the
Baid type segment is mounted, a properly adjusted shifting key lever or levers
arranged to move the said shaft and shift its type segment, and a locking lever or
levers for holding in position the shifting levers substantially as described.
Fifth The combination with a type wheel and its shaft or extended hub, of a
sleeve surrounding the said shaft or hub, provided with a stop arm connected to
the type segment and with projections for co-operation with the type segment
driving arms, substantially as described.
Sixth The combination with a type wheel or segment and its shaft or extended
hub, of a sleeve surrounding the said shaft or hub, provided with a stop arm
connected to the type segment and with projections for co-operation with the type
segment driving arms, and with means for stopping the said segment at the neutral
position on its return movement substantially as described.
Seventh-The combination with a type segment provided with several rows of
type and an extended sleeve or hub fitting on a shaft, of a stop arm sleeve provided
with means for co-operation with the type segment driving arms and whose stop
arm has a sliding connection with the said segment substantially as described.
Eighth The combination with a type segment provided with several rows of
type, as described and connected with a shaft of means for shifting the said shaft
to correspondingly shift the type segment, means for rotating the said type
segment arranged so as not to partake of the sliding movements of the shaft and a
series of finger key levers operating on said segment rotating means substantially
as described.
Ninth The combination with a type segment of a series of finger key levers
and two driving levers which directly co-operate with the key levers and with
means connected to the type wheel for turning the latter, substantially as
described.
Tenth-The combination with a type segment of a series of key levers arranged
on lines radiating from the type wheel shaft as a centre, and two driving levers

page_text: whose arms adjacent to the key levers are so placed as to be moved by the latter a
distance which decreases as the distance of the operated key lever from the fulcrum
of the driving lever increases, substantially as described.
Eleventh-The combination with a type segment having an extended hub, of a
shouldered shaft a sleeve fitting over and surrounding the said hub and connected
positively with the type segment, substantially as described.
Twelfth The combination with the key levers, of the two driving levers, and
the stop arm provided with the curved locking flanges, substantially as described.
Thirteenth The combination, with the key levers, of the two driving levers, and
the stop arm provided with means whereby either driving lever in moving forward
enters into positive connection with the same and in returning recedes from such
connection substantially as described
Fourteenth-The stop arm provided with two locking flanges forming driving
projections, and two returning and arresting studs the latter being placed outside
of the circle described by the said locking flanges, substantially as described.
Fifteenth-The combination with the type segment, of a series of key levers, &
pair of driving levers whose driving arms are provided with projecting driving
fingers, and a sleeve surrounding the segment shaft connected with the type
segment and provided with driving projections and returning and arresting studs
substantially as described.
Sixteenth-The combination with a type segment provided with several rows
of type as described, of means for shifting the said type segment, a stop arm
connected with the said type segment and arranged to be unaffected by the shifting
of the same, so as to move at all times in the same plane, and a series of stop pins
operated by the key levers and co-operating with the said stop arm, substantially as
described.
Seventeenth-The combination with the vertical shaft and its type segment
provided with several rows of type, of a stop arm connected to the said shaft,
at one end and by a sliding connection to the type segment tail piece near its other
end, substantially as described.
Eighteenth-The combination with the spacing key lever and the escapement
mechanism of the hammer arm and the hammer restraining lever the latter being
tilted by the said spacing lever to engage the hammer arm or an extension thereof,
for the purpose of preventing the hammer from completing its stroke, substantially
as described.
Nineteenth-The combination with the key levers, of the escapement frame the
wheel and pawl the latter being normally pressed out of engagement with the
escapement wheel and provided with a slotted arm, the hammer returning lever
loosely connected with the haminer arm and provided with a pawl engaged by the
said slotted extension of the escapement pawl, the hammer operating spring, the
clutch mechanism on the shaft of the escapement wheel, and the pinion operated by
the carriage rack, substantially as described.
Twentieth-The combination with the carriage spring and rack, of the
escapement wheel, and the pinion and clutch mechanism on the shaft thereof, the
hammer setting lever loosely. connected by means of a stud and slot with the
hammer arm and carrying a pawl for engagement with the escapement wheel, and
means for bringing said pawl into and releasing the escapement pawl from
engagement with the escapement wheel, substantially as described.
Twenty first-The combination with the key levers, of the escapement frame
provided with a rearward extension, the escapement wheel and pawl, the latter
being provided with a lateral extension, passing through a stop slot in the bed
plate and normally pressed out of engagement with the escapement wheel and
further with a slotted arm, the hammer returning lever loosely connected to the
hammer arm and carrying a pawl engaged by the slotted arm of the escapement
lever the hammer operating spring and the clutch mechanism and pinion operated
by the carriage rack, substantially as described.
Twenty second-The combination with the hammer arm, of the hammer setting

page_text: lever provided with a stop for limiting its downward movement and the hammer
operating spring substantially as described.
Twenty Third:- -The combination with the lever, of the escapement mechanism
provided with a stop for limiting its downward movement and the bed frame
provided with a yielding abutment opposite the said stop for the purpose set
forth.
Twenty fourth-In a type writing machine, the impression hammer provided
with a bell, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Twenty fifth-The combination with the impression hammer provided a bell,
of the bell hammer adjustably secured to the paper carriage substantially as
described.
Twenty sixth-The combination with the hanger-rod and erasing table of the
paper carriage, of the bell hammer bracket fitting over the said rod provided with
a grooved arm which engages the edge of the erasing table, and carrying the
pivotted bell hammer substantially as described.
Twenty seventh-The combination with the paper carriage, of the longitudinal
releasing rod connected thereto, and shifted by an attached finger lever, the
disengaging frame haying a conical operating end and a sliding connection with the
said releasing rod, the disc and its bevelled pawl and the pinion and ratchet carrying
sleeve all arranged on the shaft of the escapement wheel substantially as described.
Twenty eighth-The combination with the paper carriage, of a releasing rod
and finger lever attached thereto, and means operated by the said rod for releasing
the carriage from connection with the escapement wheel, whereby the carriage may
be released and the presence of manual restraint on the movement of the carriage
at the moment of release secured, substantially as described.
Twenty ninth-The combination with the worm shaft provided with right and
left hand worms, and a ratchet wheel, of the vertical ribbon spool: shaft provided
with worm gear wheels for engagement with the said worms, the escapement frame
provided with a pawl for turning the said ratchet wheel, the ribbon spools and
means for clamping them to the vertical shafts substantially as described.
Thirtieth-The combination of two ribbon spools, an inking ribbon, and means
for clamping the spools to their shafts with means for causing the said shafts to
revolve in opposite directions at the same time substantially as described.
Thirty first-The combination with the ribbon spool shaft provided with a
flange for the ribbon spool, a conical seat, and a screw threaded end, of the split
sleeve and the clamping nut, having a cone shaped end, substantially as described.
Thirty second-The combination with the ribbon spool shaft and clamping
means, of the ribbon spool having a central opening through the same larger than
the clamping means, so that the spool can be removed without removing any other
part or parts, substantially as described.
Thirty third-In combination with the inking ribbon spools, the type wheel
guard having a horizontal and vertical part and the paper protecting shield
whereby the inking ribbon is guided and supported.
Thirty fourth-The combination with the type segment, the inking ribbon, and
the impression hammer of the shield provided with two apertures, one opposite the
impression hammer and the other adjacent thereto on that side toward which the
carriage travels, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Thirty fifth-A paper carriage provided with a paper holding receptacle open
opposite the bite of the pressure rollers, and at its opposite ends, substantially as
described whereby the insertion of sheets of any width is permitted.
Thirty sixth-The paper carriage consisting of a rack bar, guide bar, open end
frames, pressure rollers and a longitudinally open cylindrical sheet or case, of
suitable material, fitted between the end frames.
Thirty seventh :-The paper carriage end frames in combination with the
longitudinally open cylindrical shell. fitted thereto and provided with interiorly
projecting flanges for preventing the reentrance of the paper between the pressure
rolls.

page_text: Thirty eighth-The combination with the carriage end frames, of the stationary
bearing pressure roll, the swinging pressure roll journalled at each end in hangers
secured to the end frames and pressed against the former by a spring and a cam
finger lever operating on the extended shaft of the spring pressure roll to separate
the said rolls.
Thirty ninth-The combination with the left hand end frame of the paper,
carriage, of a lever situated thereon to be operated by the hand simultaneously
with the return of the said carriage to position, and mechanism connected with the
said lever and one of the carriage rolls for turning the latter to effect line spacing
Fortieth-The combination with one of the end frames of the paper carriage, of
a finger lever pivoted thereon, a pressure roll provided with a ratchet wheel, a
ratchet lever loosely mounted on the shaft of the same and provided at one end
with means for engagement with the said finger lever and at its opposite end with
a pawl, and a stop to limit the forward movement of the pawl in turning the
ratchet.
.
Forty first:-The combination with one of the end frames of the paper carriage
of a finger lever pivoted thereto, the swinging pressure roll carrying a ratchet
wheel a ratchet lever loosely mounted on its shaft and provided at one end with a
pawl and at its opposite end with a slot sufficiently long to prevent disengagement
of the said finger lever therefrom, when the roll is swung aside, and a stop
projecting from the roll hanger, and between which stop and the ratchet wheel the
pawl is wedged to limit the forward movement of the latter.
Forty second-The combination with one of the end frames of the paper
carriage of a finger lever pivotted thereon, a pressure roll carrying a click lever and
a ratchet mechanism connected with said finger lever and a spring for returning
the finger lever and ratchet mechanism to position and a stop which determines
that position, substantially as described.
Forty third-A type segment having a tubular extension or sleeve secured
thereto to afford an extended bearing, in combination with a stationary or non-
rotating shaft on which said segment is mounted and means for rotating the latter
on said shaft, substantially as described.
Forty fourth-The combination with the type segment elevating key lever or
levers of the locking lever or levers provided with a cam shaped end or ends for
locking the said key levers in their depressed position, substantially as described.
Forty fifth-The combination with the bed plate provided with a cavity the
bottom of which is formed by the end of an adjustable screw, of the impression
hammer arm, and a spring fitted in said cavity substantially as described.
Forty sixth-The combination with the two type segments each carrying &
portion of the total number of characters desired, and mounted on the same shaft
with the type faces arranged in the same circumferential line of a series of key
levers, and two separate intermediate driving mechanisms, substantially as
described.
Forty seventh-The combination with the two independent type segments
mounted on the same shaft, and supplementary to each other as described of two
independent stop arms, two independent driving mechanisms and a series of key
levers, substantially as described.
Forty eighth-The combination with two independent type segments supple-
mentary to each other as described, mounted on the same shaft and lying in the
same circumferential line, of a series of key levers and two separate intermediate
driving means for independently oscillating each type segment in one direction only
from a normal position, substantially as described.
Forty ninth-The combination with two type segments, supplementary to each
other as described, placed in the same circumferential line, and removed when in
their normal position substantially the distance, of their circumferential length from
the impression point, of two independent driving mechanisms, and a series of key
levers for operating the same.
Fiftieth-A type segment arranged in its normal position at a distance

page_text: équivalent to its circumferential length from the impression. point, stcp arm
provided with a lug located relatively as described and a pin or projection
connected with the type segment which has free movement for a certain distance
between the stop arm and lug and operates to move forward the stop arm, in
combination with key levers and intermediate means for moving said type
segment.
F
Fifty first:-The combination with a type segment of a series of key levers and
intermediate driving mechanism consisting of a lever operated by the key levers a
pin or projection on the type wheel and a link connected at its opposite ends to
the said lever and pin.
Fifty second:-The combination with a shouldered shaft, of two type segments
supplementary to each other as described and arranged in the same horizontal
plane, each being provided with a sleeve fitting over the other and the inner sleeve
fitted to the said shaft.
Fifty third: The combination with two type segments as described each
provided with a sleeve, one fitting over the other and mounted on a shouldered
shaft, of two stop arms also provided with sleeves fitting over each other and over
the outer sleeve of the type segments
In witness whereof I the said William Robert Lake have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Eighteenth day of June in the year of Our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and eighty four.