IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPs and Apparatus Team for Burning Mineral OILS OR OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Sokolnicki, of Clinchor, near Castillon
(France), for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPs and Apparatus
Team"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by the said Joseph Sokolnicki at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th January 1873.
I, JOSEPH SOKOLNICKI, of Clinchor, near Castillon (France), do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND
Apparatus for Burning Mineral OILS OR OTHER INFLAMMABLE LIQUIDS,” to bo
as follows:-
This Invention consists in combining with the burner of the various
forms and arrangements of lamps an evaporating tube for the purpose of
keeping up the supply of vapour from the mineral oils or essences or
other inflammable liquids, and thereby prevent the light from becoming
small or extinct.
In one arrangement the wick is placed in a tube having holes
throughout its entire length, which tube is enveloped or encased in

page_text: an unperforated tube, there being between the two tubes a space con-
stituting an annular chamber for the passage of the vapour to the
burner.
In another arrangement instead of the perforated tubo there is a spiral
spring extending either partially or throughout the length of the wick,
the space in the interior of the spring forming an evaporating or vapour
chamber leading to the burner.
G
In order to assist the evaporation at the moment of lighting the
burner, the internal wick communicates by means of an opening with
an external wick composed of amianthus or mountain flax, a species of 1
asbestos, which when lighted causes the evaporation of the mineral oils
or essences to take place immediately and provent any loss of time, and
these arrangements of ovaporating chambers and amianthus wicks are
applied to all descriptions of lamps and burners.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Sokolnicki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
SOKOLNICKI, of Chinchor, near Castillon (France), send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Sokolnicki, Her special licenso
that I, tho said Joseph Sokolnicki, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Sokolnicki, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, tho
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS FOR BURNING MINERAL OILS OR OTHER INFLAMMABLE
LIQUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Josephi
Sokoluicki, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly

page_text: describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patcut.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Sokolnicki, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Iuvention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement theroof, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:
-
This Invention consists in combining with the burner of the various
forms and arrangements of lamps an evaporating tube for the purpose of
keeping up the supply of vapour from the mineral oils or essences or
other inflammable liquids, and thereby preventing the light from
becoming small or extinct.
"
In one arrangement the wick is placed in a tube having holes
throughout its entire length, which tube is enveloped or encased in
an unperforated tube, there being between the two tubes a space con-
stituting an annular chamber for the passage of the vapour to the
burner.
In another arrangement instead of the perforated tube there is a spiral
spring extending cither partially or throughout the length of the wick,
the space in the interior of the spring forming an evaporating or vapour
chamber leading to the burner.
In order to assist the evaporation at the moment of lighting the
burner, the internal wick communicates by means of an opening with an
external wick composed of amianthus or mountain flax, a species of
asbestos, which when lighted causes the evaporation of the mineral oils
or essences to take place immediately and prevents any loss of time, and
these arrangements of evaporating chambers and amianthus wicks aro
applied to all descriptions of lamps and burners.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of a lamp burner combined with an
evaporating tube according to my Invention. The wick 6 which is
immersed in the reservoir of combustible liquid extends upwards within

page_text: the perforated tube a which is enclosed within an outer tube c, leaving a
thin annular space between it and the tube a. The heat of the com-
bustion causes vapour to be evolved from the oil, which vapour escaping
through the holes in the tube a rises up the annular space between a
and c to supply the flame at d.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of burner fitted with a helical
spring instead of the perforated tube. The spring a is placed within tho
wick b, and provides between its convolutions a spiral passage for the
ascent of the oil vapour produced by the heat of combustion. The spring
for this purpose is particularly adapted for curved branches, as shown
in Fig. 2. In order to promote the first production of vapour in lighting
the lamp a ring of amianthus is fixed at the neck of the burner. Fig. 3
shows a burner thus fitted, c, being the ring of amianthus embracing
the burner tube immediately under the burner d. The ring c is in
communication with the wick through a small slot in the side of the
tube. When light is applied to the ring c flame is produced which
immediately generates vapour to start the combustion at the burner d.
The wick b may be long enough to be immersed in the oil, as shown in
Fig. 1, or it may be cut off short, as shewn in Fig. 4, and a separate
wick 9 may be immersed in the oil, a rack and pinion worked by a
handle being provided so that the wick g may be brought up into
contact with the upper wick b when the lamp is lighted, or when it is
desired to extinguish the lamp it can be done instantaneously by lowering
the wick g, and thereby cutting off the communication between the
burner and the oil.
Fig. 5 represents a vertical section of a burner suited for an Argand
flame. In this case the evaporating tubefis very short, forming itself
the vapour chamber. An air channel i supplics the interior of the flamo
with air, and this channel as well as the exterior of the flame is supplied
through a grating or wire gauzej in the gallery which supports the
glass . In this caso the flame can be regulated or extinguished by
moving the immersed wick up or down by a rack and pinion worked
by the handle h, that is to say, by bringing the wick nearer to or farther
from the point of combustion. The burners shown in Figs. 4 and 5 are
provided with the amianthus ring c for facilitating the lighting.
Fig. 6 represents a form of lamp having jets dispersed among leaves
in imitation of plants, whereby a tasteful effect may be produced. The
lamp reservoir A has a central burner provided with amianthus ring c,

page_text: and portions of the vapour evolved by the heat of this central burner
fitted with an evaporating tube or spring are conveyed by tubes m to the
small jets .
Fig. 7 shews a small candle lamp with reservoir B, and with the flamo
surrounded by a small ring o supported on wires p, p, so that the
flame is kept steady, being surrounded by a glass q carried on spring
claws r.
8
Fig. 8 shows a vertical section of a burner provided with means of
superheating the combustible vapour so as to give a clearer flame. The
deflecting disc & is of mushroom form and made hollow, having within it
a small T shaped or spiral tube t. The vapour from the channels of tho
spring a within the wick b is conducted by the tube t into the interior of
the mushroom 8, where it is .superheated before issuing to form the
flame. This superheating chamber serves also to render the supply of
vapour regular.
Fig. 9 shews an arrangement of bracket burner C, being the oil
reservoir to which is connected by a joint u the tubular branch D
containing the wick by which the oil is conducted to the evaporating
tube F surmounted by the burner.
I have in the Figures herein referred to shewn several different forms
of burners with my Invention applied thereto. It may be readily
understood however that it is also applicable to burners of other forms.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I claim,―
First. The combination of the burner of a lamp for burning mineral
oils or like volatilisable combustible liquids with a perforated tube
enclosing the wick, and surrounded by an outer tube providing an
annular passage for the combustible vapour from the perforations of the
inner tube to the burner, substantially as herein described in reference
to Fig. 1.
Second. The use of a helical spring within the wick in lieu of the
perforated and outer tubes above referred to, substantially as hercin
described in reference to Fig. 1ª.
Third. The use for facilitating the lighting of lamps, such as are
referred to above, of a ring of amianthus placed on the wick tube

page_text: under the burner, in communication by a lateral slot with the wick
within the tube, substantially as herein described in reference to
Fig. 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Sokolnicki, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
ALBERT CAHEN,
Civil Engineer,
32, Boulevard Magenta,
at Paris.
J. SOKOLNICKI. (L.S.)