Improvements in Means for Automatically Extinguishing Candles.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct-, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 18th July, 1890-Accepted, 4th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Automatically Extinguishing Candles.
I CORNELIS FREDERIK ALEXANDER RÖELL of 23 Bryanston Street in the
County of Middlesex Jonkheer of the Kingdom of Holland do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements upon an invention for which I obtained
provisional protection dated the 4th day of May last No. 7520 and which consisted in
combining with the well known candle burner, cone, shade support or any other like
device which by its own gravity follows the level of the candle as it burns away a
simple arrangement of parts constituting an automatic extinguisher and the object of
my present invention is primarily to simplify the construction of such devices and
thereby to cheapen the cost of production thereof.
For this purpose I dispense with the cap or cover and the jaws or leaves hitherto
employed by me as the extinguishing means and I substitute therefor a small ring or
frame which normally encircles the wick beneath the flame or I may employ a fork or
two parallel bars or a right angle piece in lieu thereof.
This extinguishing device is carried by a cone skeleton cone frame or other like
device in such manner that it is adapted to be fixed at any desired point whilst the
candle burns away so that as the candle diminishes in height and the wick corre-
spondingly burns away the flame will be unable to follow the wick past the
extinguishing device and it will be thus extinguished.
In applying my invention to a candle burner cone or shade support of ordinary
construction which by its own gravity follows the level of the candle as it burns away
I form the extinguishing device on or attach it to a vertical rod or rods curved down-
wards at its or their upper part and mounted in a guide or guides in or on the base of
the cone with capability of rising and falling therein without turning or I may employ
a single vertical rod mounted in guides with capability of turning so that if the
extinguishing device is not required it may be turned out of the way.
In lieu of the ordinary candle cone and shade support I for the sake of cheapness
construct a skeleton cone or shade support of wire or other metal bent or stamped
to the required form guides being provided for the vertical rod of the extinguishing
device which may be mounted therein as above described.
In order to operate the extinguisher a pin is inserted in the candle at a suitable
point leaving part thereof projecting in such manner that it will engage and arrest the
descent of the extinguishing device and thus prevent the flame following the wick
as above described or a stop or projection may be otherwise fixed upon the
candle.
Or in lieu of carrying the ring or extinguishing device upon a vertical rod or rods
capable of vertical movement as above described it may be fixed to the skeleton or
other cone and a pin or other stop fixed to the candle may be caused to arrest the
downward movement of the entire cone and candle shade support and consequently of
the ring or extinguishing device.
When a simple extinguisher without a shade support is required attach the ring
or extinguishing device to a skeleton cone or frame consisting of two or more vertical
supports downwardly curved at their upper parts to support the ring and united at
the lower part thereof by a ring or band and I operate this class of extinguisher in the
manner lastly hereinbefore described.
According to a modification I form the extinguishing device of a cupped or conical
ring and attach it in an inverted position to a solid or skeleton candle cone or
burner.
According to a further modification I employ a stand which I form with a pin at its

page_text: lower part to enter the candle and a semicircular band to partially surround the
candle and steady such standard and I attach the extinguisher to a shade holder which
is capable of sliding vertically upon such standard and I employ a sliding stop or
other regulating device upon the standard to adjust the extinguisher at any desired
point; or I may dispense with the candle shade support and employ the extinguishing
device alone in connection with the standard above described.
Dated the 18th day of October 1889
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means for Automatically Extinguishing Candles.
I, CORNELIS FREDERIK ALEXANDER RÖELL formerly of 23 Bryanston Street in
the County of Middlesex but now of the Lyric Club Leicester Square in the same
county, Jonkheer of the Kingdom of Holland do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements upon that class of automatic extinguisher
which by its own gravity follows the level of the candle as it burns away, and the
object of my present invention is primarily to simplify the construction of such devices
and thereby to cheapen the cost of production thereof.
For this purpose I dispense with the cap or cover and the jaws or leaves hitherto
employed as the extinguishing means and I substitute therefor a small ring or frame
which normally encircles the wick beneath the flame or I may employ a fork or two
parallel bars or a right angle piece in lien thereof.
This extinguishing device is carried by a cone, skeleton cone, frame, or other like
device in such manner that it is adapted to be fixed at any desired point whilst the
candle burns away, so that, as the candle diminishes in height and the wick corre-
spondingly burns away, the flame will be unable to follow the wick past the
extinguishing device, and it will he thus extinguished.
In applying my invention to a candle burner cone or shade support of ordinary
construction which by its own gravity follows the level of the candle as it burns away
I form the extinguishing device on, or attach it to a vertical rod or rods curved down-
wards at its or their upper part and mounted in a guide or guides in or on the base of
the cone with capability of rising and falling therein without turning or I may employ
a single vertical rod mounted in guides with capability of turning so that if the
extinguishing device is not required it may be turned out of the way.
In lieu of the ordinary candle cone and shade support I, for the sake of cheapness
construct a skeleton cone or shade support of wire or other metal bent or stamped to
the required form guides being provided for the vertical rod of the extinguishing
device which may be mounted therein as above described.
In order to operate the extinguisher a pin is inserted in the candle at a suitable
point leaving part thereof projecting in such manner that it will engage and arrest the
descent of the extinguishing device and thus prevent the flame following the wick
as above described or a stop or projection may be otherwise fixed upon the candle.
Or in lieu of carrying the ring or extinguishing device upon a vertical rod or rods
capable of vertical movement as above described it may be fixed to the skeleton or
other cone and a pin or other stop fixed to the candle may be caused to arrest the
downward movement of the entire cone and candle shade support and consequently of
the ring or extinguishing device.
When a simple extinguisher without a shade support is required I attach the ring
or extinguishing device to a skeleton cone or frame consisting of two or more vertical
supports downwardly curved at their upper parts to support the ring and united
at the lower part thereof by a ring or band and I operate this class of extinguisher in
the manner lastly hereinbefore described.

page_text: According to a modification I form the extinguishing device of a cupped or conical
ring and attach it in an inverted position to a solid or skeleton candle cone or
burner.
According to a further modification, I employ a standard which I form with a pin
at its lower part to enter the candle and a semicircular band to partially surround the
candle and steady such standard, and I attach the extinguisher to a shade holder
which is capable of sliding vertically upon such standard and I employ a sliding stop
or other regulating device upon the standard to adjust the extinguisher at any desired
point or I may dispense with the candle shade support, and employ the extinguishing
device alone in connection with the standard above described.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood, and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying drawings more fully to
describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a weighted cone and shade support or
carrier having my extinguisher applied thereto and showing it in position upon a
candle.
Figure 2 is a plan thereof and
Figure 3 is an elevation taken at right angles to Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of part of a similar cone and shade support
illustrating a slight modification in the method of mounting the extinguishing
device.
Figure 5 is a plan thereof and
Figure 6 is an elevation taken at right angles to Figure 4.
Figure 7 is an elevation representing a skeleton cone or frame and shade support
baving my invention applied thereto.
Figure 8 is a plan thereof.
Figure 9 is an elevation taken at right angles to Figure 7 and
Figure 10 is an underside view thereof.
Figure 11 is an elevation of a skeleton cone or frame illustrating a modified method
of mounting the extinguishing device.
Figure 12 is a plan thereof and
Figure 13 is an elevation taken at right angles to Figure 12.
Figure 14 is an elevation representing a modified form of skeleton cone or frame
and shade support having my extinguishing device applied thereto and
Figure 15 is a plan thereof.
Figure 16 is an elevation representing a modified form of skeleton cone or frame
and shade support provided with my extinguisher and
Figure 17 is a plan thereof.
Figure 18 is an elevation of a simple form of skeleton cone or frame without a shade
support, but having my extinguisher applied thereto.
Figure 19 is a plan thereof and
Figure 20 is a plan representing a modification in the shape thereof.
Figure 21 is an elevation of a skeleton cone or frame and shade support provided
with a modified form of candle extinguisher and
Figure 22 is a plan thereof.
Figure 23 is an elevation of a skeleton cone or frame and shade support provided
with a modified form of extinguisher and
Figure 24 is a plan thereof."
Figures 25, 26 and 27 are respectively plans of skeleton cones or frames and shade
supports representing further modifications in the form of the extinguisher.
Figure 28 is an elevation representing a modified arrangement of parts for
supporting and controlling the extinguisher and
Figure 29 is a plan thereof.
Figure 30 is an elevation of a somewhat similar device to that represented at
Figures 28 and 29 but representing some slight modifications and

page_text: Figure 31 is a plan thereof.
In the several figures of the drawings, like parts are indicated by similar letters of
reference.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, a represents a heavy cone of ordinary construction
which is formed with a ring or contraction a' to rest upon the candle c and is thus
adapted to follow the level of the candle as it burns away and b represents a ring or
shade carrier which is supported by standards & so that as the cone a by its own
gravity follows the level of the candle c it carries with it the ring or shade carrier b
and thus maintains the shade in a given position in relation to the flame of the
candle.
At the upper part of the cone a is arranged an arm. a projecting from two
descending rods or shafts a³ which are mounted with capability of vertical motion in
bearings a formed in the base of the cone or frame a and are provided with a cross-
bar or foot a for the purpose hereinafter described.
The arm a towards its outer end is curved downwardly and carries a small ring a*
or it might be a fork, two sides of a right angle triangle two parallel bars or other
like simple device as hereinafter more fully described in such manner that it
normally rests upon the candle c and encircles or partially encircles the wick c¹
of the candle beneath the flame, and follows the level of the candle as it burns
away.
This small ring a constitutes an extinguisher and is adapted to be automatically
brought into action at any predetermined point by arresting its downward move-
ment whilst the candle c and wick c¹ continue to burn away, when as the flame
cannot follow the wick c¹ past the extinguishing device a* it will thus be
extinguished.
In order to operate the extinguisher a* a pin c* is inserted in the candle cat
a suitable point leaving part thereof projecting in such manner that it will engage
the foot a of the vertical rods a³ and arrest the descent of the extinguisher a* and
thus prevent the flame following the wick as hereinbefore described or any other
suitable stop might be employed for this purpose, or the extinguisher a* might be
operated by reason of the foot at of the rods a³ in the descent of the cone a coming
against the candlestick (not shown) as will be readily understood.
The above description of the method of operating the extinguishing device also
applies to the whole of the examples hereinafter given except that in cases where the
extinguisher a* is fixed to the cone, the descent of the cone must be arrested in order
to bring the extinguisher into operation.
In the example given at Figures 4, 5, and 6 the arm a² of the extinguisher a* is
carried by the upper end of a single descending rod or shaft a³ which is mounted with
capability of vertical and rotary motion in a bearing a formed in the base of the
cone a and this rod or shaft a³ is also provided with a foot a' as hereinbefore described
with respect to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
By this arrangement of parts the extinguisher may be raised and turned out of the
way as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 5 when not required, whilst when in
position for use it may be actuated by the foot at in the descent of the cone a engaging
a stop or the candlestick as hereinbefore described.
In the example given at Figures 7 to 10 a skeleton cone or frame a is employed
which is formed of wire bent into the required shape the ring or shade carrier 6 in
this case being supported by a single standard 6 and the extinguishing device is
carried in a similar manner to that described with respect to Figures 4, 5 and 6
but the upper part of the skeleton cone a is provided with a supporting ring a
which rests upon the candle c and sustains the cone or frame a in the desired
position.
In the example given at Figures 11, 12 and 13 which also represents a skeleton
wire cone or frame the arm a carrying the extinguisher a* is fixed to the upper
part of the skeleton cone or frame a and the descent of the cone a requires to
be arrested by a pin c* or other stop, in order to bring the extinguisher a* into
operation.

page_text: In the example given at Figures 14 and 15 the arrangement of parts is similar to
that lastly herein before described except that the skeleton cone or frame a is formed
of a rectangular shape and the large supporting ring al is dispensed with, the
extinguisher a✶ in this case sustaining the cone or frame upon the candle.
In the example given at Figures 16 and 17 the skeleton cone or frame a is some-
what similar to that represented at Figures 14 and 15 but in this case the ring or
shade carrier supported above the cone or frame a is dispensed with, and a number
of downwardly inclined arms b projecting radially from the sides of the cone or
frame a are employed in lieu thereof to support the shade.
The extinguishing ring a* is in this example carried by the ends of two arms a²
projecting from fixed vertical supports arranged one on each side of the cone or
frame a.
In the example given at Figures 18 and 19 I have shown a simple skeleton cone or
frame a provided with an extinguishing device a supported in a similar manner to
that lastly hereinbefore described but without a shade carrier b.
In the example given at Figure 20 I have shown a similar device to that
lastly hereinbefore described except that the cone or frame a is formed round instead
of square.
In the example given at Figures 21 and 22, I have shown a skeleton cone or frame
and shade support in which the extinguishing device consists of a cupped or conical
ring a* attached in an inverted position to a skeleton cone or frame a.
In the example given at Figures 23 and 24 the arrangement of parts is similar to
that described with respect to Figures 11, 12, and 13, but in this case the small
ring a is substituted by two parallel bars a* which enclose the wick c' and constitute
the extinguishing device.
In the examples given at Figures 25, 26, and 27, the arrangement of parts is also
similar to that described with respect to Figures 11, 12 and 13, but in these cases,
the small ring a* is respectively substituted by two sides of a right angle triangle, a
rectangular frame and a fork.
In the modification represented at Figures 28 and 29 the skeleton cone or frame a
is dispensed with and I employ a standard d formed with a pin d' at its lower end to
enter the candle and with a semicircular band d to partially surround the candle and
steady such standard and I support the arm a² carrying the extinguisher a* and the
shade support 6 from a slide a mounted with capability of rising and falling upon the
standard d a sliding stop e or it might be any other suitable regulating device upon
the standard d being employed to arrest the descent of the extinguisher a* at
any desired point.
In the modification represented at Figures 30 and 31, the pin d' is dispensed with
and the band d is extended at its ends and formed into a spring clip so as to obtain a
firm hold of the candle.
In this example the candle shade support 6 carried by the slide a³ is dispensed with
and the extinguishing device a* is employed alone in connection with the slide a³ and
standard d.
Or if desired a shade support may be carried by the standard d as indicated by
the dotted lines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An automatic extinguisher for candles consisting of a small ring or its equivalent
adapted to enclose or partially enclose the wick of the candle and normally rest upon
the candle beneath the flame and be held suspended whilst the candle and wick
burn away substantially as herein shewn and described, and for the purpose stated.
2. In combination with a candle cone or frame a small ring or its equivalent
adapted to enclose or partially enclose the wick beneath the flame and normally rest
apon and follow the level of the candle but with capability of being held suspended

page_text: whilst the candle and wick burn away, all in manner substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
3. In combination with a candle cone or frame a shade carrier, a small ring or its
equivalent adapted to enclose or partially enclose the wick beneath the flame and
normally rest upon and follow the level of the candle but with capability of being
held suspended whilst the candle and wick burn away, all in manner substantially as
herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
4. In combination with a candle cone or frame a small ring or its equivalent carried
by an arm attached to a rod capable of vertical and rotary motion in bearings carried
by the cone or frame such extinguishing device being adapted to enclose or partially
enclose the wick beneath the flame and normally rest upon and follow the level of the
candle but with capability of being held suspended whilst the candle and wick burn
away all in manner substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose
stated.
Dated 1: 1041 T1 1900
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.