Year: 1895

page_text: I, JAMES WHITTAKER, of 141, Avenue Parade, Accrington; in the County
of Lancaster, by occupation, Assurance and Property Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
=
The invention 'consists in having two change wheels as part of the taking-up-
motion of looms by which to regulate the number of threads or picks lengthwise
of the cloth, one of which contains either 12, 15, 20, 21, 24, 27; 30, 36, 40, 48, 60,
or 63 teeth, and is fixed upon the rack wheel stud, and forms (in conjunction with
the other wheels of the taking-up-motion) a standard for giving multiplicands
as follows:-12 wheel-1 standard multiplicaud, 15 wheel=8 standard multipli-
cand, 20 wheel 6 standard multiplicand, 24" wheel' = 5 standard multiplicand,
30 wheel
= 4 standard multiplicand, 40 wheel 3 standard multiplicand,
and 60 wheel 2 standard multiplicand'; again, 12 wheel standard multipli-
cand, 24 wheel = 5. standard multiplicand, 36 wheel = 33 standard multiplicand,
48 wheel =25 standard multiplicand, and 60 wheel 2 standard multiplicand,
the whole of the preceding multiplicands being multiplicands per quarter inch
and including the 1 per cent, which it is customary to allow for contraction of
cloth between loom and counter; and again, 21-wheel = 9 standard multiplicand
per centimetre, 27 wheel = 7 standard multiplicand per centimetre, and
63 wheel 3 standard multiplicand 'per centimetre, these multiplicands per
centimetre, including as, before 11 per cent, which it is customary to allow for
contraction of cloth between' loom and counter. The other change wheel "is
driven by the preceding one, and is fixed upon what is known as the swing pinion
wheel stud, the size of wheel being determined by the manufacturer, or his agent,
according to the number of threads or picks which it is desired-the-cloth shall-
contain the number of teeth in the change wheel under consideration is multi-
plied by the standard multiplicand selected to, work by, the result being the
number of threads or picks per quarter-inch, or per centimetre, as may have been
4:

page_text: In almost all taking-up-motions of looms there is a great similarity, the
divergence being mostly in sizes of wheels, as will be seen by the following of the
most prominent in Lancashire :-
:-
"
To apply this improvement to looms that have already a multiplicand taking-
ap-motion (looms of which the swing pinion is a driver) it is only requisite to
unloose and remove their present rack and swing pinion wheels, and replace them
by others that give the requisite standard multiplicands. To apply the improve-
ment to looms that have a dividend taking-up-motion (looms that have no swing
pinion, and looms of which the swing pinion is driven) the rack wheel bracket with
its stud and wheels, aud the swing pinion bracket, if any, with its stud and wheels
require to be removed. This having been done it is required to make, or procure,
another rack wheel bracket and stud, of such size that the change wheel to be
placed upon the stud would gear with the change wheel on the swing pinion wheel
stud which it would' be required to make or procure. Having made, or procured,
the rack wheel bracket and stud, they are then to be fixed to the loom side in
suitable position for permitting of a swing pinion wheel bracket and stud, with the
wheels thereon,, to be fixed between them and the carrier wheel. A swing pinion
wheel bracket is then to be made, or procured, and likewise a stud for same. 3

page_text: These require to be so constructed that the swing pinion wheel to be placed' upon
the stud shall gear with and drive the carrier wheel; and on the self-same stud
permit of change wheel being placed to be driven by the rack stud change wheel.
Both the swing pinion wheel and the change wheel on same stud are secured to
the stud by means of a pin thereon, or other contrivance, so that when the change
wheel' is driven by the rack stud change wheel the stud and swing pinion wheel
are set in motion. The brackets and studs having been put in their proper
positions and duly fixed it is then requisite to select and fix such rack wheel and
swing pinion wheel that shall give the requisite standard multiplicands. A list, of
these wheels that are necessary, or desirable, for some of the principal taking-up
motions in Lancashire, will be found in the following Table of Gearing Motions
for Power Looms.
i
The method of obtaining the multiplicand is by multiplying: together the driven
wheels (rack wheel, beam wheel, and carrier wheel), and then dividing result by
the wheels that drive and circumference of roller multiplied together, the quotient
being the mathematical multiplicand, to which is added 1 per cent. for contraction
of cloth between loom and counter. Example:-

page_text: The following ard some of the advantages of this improve.nent; 1st Its easy
adaptability by machinists without destroying their own particular gearing or
taking-up-motion, 2nd The several methods of an easy character for computing
the number of picks, 3rd The several simple decimal multiplicands that are
obtainable. 4th The economy to both master and workman in computing wages by
its adoption, 5th The economy to manufacturers in utilising sundry wheels already
on the looms and without alteration of emery roller or beam, and 6th Its simplicity
for use at home and in countries where the metrical system is adopted.
Dated this 31st day of December 1894.
I, JAMES WHITTAKER, of 141, Avenue Parade, Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, by occupation, Accountant, Assurance and Property Agent do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The invention consists in so arranging the number of teeth in' the rack wheel
and swing pinion wheel of looms that by the use of two ordinary change wheels
each tooth of the regular change wheel may represent either 1 pick, 8 pick,
6 pick, 5 pick, 4 pick, 3 pick, or 2 pick per quarter inch; or each tooth of the
regular change wheel inay represent either pick, pick, pick, pick,, pick,
pick, pick, pick, or pick per quarter inch; or each pick, may be
represented by one, two, three, four, or five teeth of the regular change wheel,
each pick being reckoned per quarter inch as before; or each tooth of the regular
change wheel may represent either 9 pick, 7 pick, or 3 pick per centimetre.
One of the ordinary change wheels (that which is placed upon the same stud 'as
the rack wheel) is a standard change wheel and when the number of teeth therein
are 12 each tooth of the regular change wheel represents 1 pick per each quarter
inch. The selection of 12 as the number of teeth in standard change wheel for

page_text: I pick per quarter inch for each tooth of the regular change wheel, gives a large
variety of standard, wheels by, which each tooth of the regular change wheel
represents a simple decimal or common fractional part of a pick, from which the
number of picks put into cloth can easily be deduced. This will be seen by the
following table.
'
'

page_text: The method, of obtaining the multiplicands aud dividends of loom taking-up
motions is by multiplying together the driven parts (not including the regular
change wheel, and dividing the result by the parts which drive multiplied
together. The quotient is the mathematical multiplicand or dividend, to which is
added per ent. for contraction of cloth between being at full stretch in the
loom and being placed upon the counter. For example :-
i

page_text: The number of teeth for swing pinion wheel is obtainable by adding 11 per cent.
to the stud, and beam, and rack wheels multiplied together, and dividing result by
the standard wheel; stud pinion wheel, and circumference of emery beam
multiplied together. For example:
This invention is applied to any other system of loom taking-up motions by
removing from the loom all other parts than emery beam, beam wheel, stud
pinion wheel, and stud wheel, and then applying rack wheel A with its bracket
and stud, swing pinion wheel D with its bracket and stud, and the necessary
arrangement of lever and catches for pulling rack wheel towards the back of the
loom, the number of teeth for rack and swing pinion wheels being obtained as
per examples above.
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is
'
1st. That the invention consists in having two change wheels to the taking-ap
motion of looms, of which wheel B shall be a basis for wheel C, and when wheel B
has 12 teeth each tooth of wheel C shall represent 1 pick for each quarter inch of
cloth, and when wheel B has such other number of teeth as is set out in the first
table in this Specification the proportions of a pick per tooth of wheel C shall
correspond to the proportions stated in that table.
2nd. That this invention can be applied to existing machinery without alteration
of emery beam H, beam wheel G, stud pinion wheel F, or stud wheel E.
Dated this Thirtieth day of July 1895.
JAMES WHITTAKER.