matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cléo Chevron at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August 1854.
I, CLÉO CHEVRON, of Paris, Mecanician, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate, 1st, to looms for weaving cut pile fabrics.
2nd, an apparatus for rolling the pile warp threads on their cylinders. In
this loom the ground warp threads are arranged and actuated in the usual
manner. At the hind part of the loom is situated an arrangement, consisting
of a series of revolving cylinders on which the pile warp threads are rolled,
each cylinder serving for one point of the tissue or throw of the shuttle, the
different pile warp threads for one throw of the shuttle being rolled on each
cylinder, according to the manner the colours of the pile present themselves in
each shed or throw of the shuttle. At each cylinder the ends of the threads are
fixed and kept in their respective positions by proper arrangements. At each
time a new shed is opened in the ground warp, the cylinder on which are rolled
the colours corresponding with this point of the tissue is brought forward, and
its threads introduced in the tissue to form the pile; they are then beaten up
by a proper batten, and the pile is cut at proper length, by a particular arrange-
ment of a knife sliding in the loom. The apparatus for rolling the pile warp

page_text: threads on the cylinders according to the pattern consists of a frame, in which
the pattern or design to be copied in the tissue turns, in the manner of an endless
cloth before a graduated rule, by means of which latter may be observed what
colours exist in each point of the tissue or throw of the shuttle; the different
colours to be used in the pattern being wound on bobbins revolving in the
framework, the ends of the threads of each bobbin protruding through a per-
forated board, in such manner, that on reading the colours along the rule the
workman winds each of the threads on its turn on a pilo warp thread cylinder,
as explained above; and in this manner each shed or point of the pattern
having its particular cylinder, the colours are wound on this latter in the same
order as they are situated in each point of the tissue.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Crosskill, of Beverley, in the County of York,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF
PORTABLE RAILWAYS."
Sealed the 15th March 1854, and dated the 16th January 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Crosskill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
January 1854.
I, WILLIAM CROSSKILL, of Beverley, in the County of York, Civil En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CONSTRUCTION OF PORTABLE RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
First, in making a railway of bridge rails, longitudinal sleepers, and cross
pieces, bolted or framed together in lengths or parts, so that each length is
portable; and, secondly, in the manner of fastening together the ends of each
length by sockets and bolts, so that when put together they form one con-
tinuous line, and can be laid down so as to be diverged when required from a
straight line and with sufficient flexibility to admit of their being laid up and
down hilly or undulating ground. In the Drawing annexed, Fig. 1 is a plan,
and Fig. 2 a section of the improved railway. a, a, are the bridge rails; b, b,
the longitudinal sleepers; and c, c, the cross pieces, all bolted to each other;

page_text: d, d, are the iron sockets which hold the ends of the two lengths together, and
e, e, are bolts, which pass through the ends of the rails, the sockets, and the
longitudinal sleepers.
What I claim to be new in my Invention is, first, the making of portable
railways of bridge rails, longitudinal sleepers, and cross pieces, bolted or
framed together in lengths; and, secondly, I claim the manner of securing
the ends of the lengths together by bolts and sockets or hoops, so as to form
one continuous or connected line of portable railway.
PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF FULIGINOUS SMOKE FROM SHAFTS AND FLUES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tucker and William'
Adams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 30th March 1854.
We, WILLIAM TUCKER, of Old Brompton, and WILLIAM ADAMS, of Ken-
sington, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF FULIGINOUS SMOKE FROM SHAFTS
AND FLUES" to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our said Invention has reference to constructing flues and shafts adapted to
furnaces and fire-places of all descriptions, in such manner and in connection
with such machinery or apparatus that the smoke passing through the said
flues may escape in a state of extreme tenuity, and purified from all fuliginous
particles by which the surrounding atmosphere might be contaminated; and
the manner in which we propose. to carry out the aforesaid objects is as
follows:-
We construct a series of flues or shafts of any convenient number, commu-
nicating with each other by the upper and lower portions alternately, and under
the lower part of each flue, where it communicates with the next, we place a
fan wheel or blower, which we cause to revolve by any suitable contrivance,
and under each such fan wheel we place a tank, and cause every such tank
to be supplied with water from a feed pipe, and furnished with perforations

page_text: through which the said water may gradually percolate or escape, and the said
tanks are made to communicate with each other, and the last of the series is
furnished with a discharge pipe, by which the surplus water may be carried off
as required. The action of the machinery or apparatus is as follows:-The
smoke, after ascending the first flue and descending the second, impinges on
the curved blades of the revolving fan or blower, by which it is driven down
into the tank underneath, where it leaves in the water a portion of its
fuliginous particles, and ascends, thus clarified, into the third flue, and the
above process is repeated until the smoke is purified of all its fuliginous
particles, and is allowed to escape into the atmosphere in the form of a thin
semi-transparent vapor; and in proportion as the water in the tanks becomes
saturated with the fuliginous particles so as to be rendered unfit for use, it
is carried off by the communications between the tank and the discharge pipe
above mentioned, while a proportionate supply of fresh water is maintained
by the feed pipe.
We claim the general arrangement of flues or, shafts, and of machinery or
apparatus in connexion therewith, in the manner and for the purposes above
set forth and described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFERRING COLORED PICTURES, PORTRAITS, AND ENGRAVINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fontaine
Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
I on the 26th October 1854.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRANSFERRING
COLORED PICTURES, PORTRAITS, AND ENGRAVINGS," being a communication from
Leopold Muller & Antoine Widl, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, to be
as follows:-
By means of a lithographic process I obtain an exact outline of the subject
to be transferred upon paper, which can then be transferred either upon
paper, stone, glass, leather, metal, wood, or any other substance; and by sub-
mitting this to a lithocromic operation, I obtain the colored reproduction
of the object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF SODA
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Elliot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th April
1854.
I, GEORGE ELLIOT, of St. Helens, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBONATE OF SODA" to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to the manufacture of carbonate of soda from
chloride of sodium.
The process consists in exposing a chloride of sodium mixed with about its
equivalent of the carbonate of one of the alkaline earths and water, to the
action of carbonic acid under pressure, thereby producing a sparingly soluble
bi-carbonate of soda, and a highly soluble chloride of the metallic base
of the alkaline earth employed, and they are separated when still under
pressure.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SWEEPING OR CLEANING CHIMNIES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Britten at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th October 1854.
I, JOHN BRITTEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR SWEEPING OR CLEANING CHIMNIES," to be as follows:-
Figure 1 represents my Invention in elevation; and Figure 2 represents, in
plan, a portion of the same. a is a guide roller; b, a brush, for cleaning the
top of the chimney; c, c, are elastic stems, carrying the elastic brushes d, d;
there may be four or other convenient number of the clastic stems c, c; e, e, is
the main rod for pushing the machine up the chimney; the said rod may be
detached from the machine at the part marked e', and on being withdrawn the
machine is left behind in the chimney; f, f, is a cord or chain, two or more of
which may be used; a central chain is attached at the point g, by which said
central chain the said machine may be withdrawn from the chimney. Scrapers
may be substituted for the brushes d, d, the said scrapers being placed at right
angles to the line of the machine's motion, but so held by springs as to bo
capable of yielding, and taking an inclined position on meeting with an
obstruction in the chimney. I prefer to provide the scrapers with vertical
cross-pieces situated at right angles to the plane of the scrapers, and coming

page_text: flush with their edges, for the purpose of preventing the scrapers from being
projected into the horizontal points in the brickwork of the chimney. A
bag may be attached to the lower part of the machine, in order to collect
the soot.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WORKING METALS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PRODUCING SURFACES FOR BLOCKS FOR PRINTING CALICOS, SILKS, PAPER, AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Perkins at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1854.
I, JOSEPH PERKINS, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Architectural
Modeller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WORKING METALS, ESPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PRODUCING SURFACES FOR
BLOCKS FOR PRINTING CALICOS, SILKS, PAPER, AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
I take a plate of brass or other suitable metal, and delineate thereon the
pattern or figures required; then I take strips of brass and form or work them
into the "outline" as far as possible, the one edge of the same being the sur-
face. I now take for the parts not connected with the outline pieces of brass,
and between them I place pieces of zinc, and fix them in the proper position,
and so as to let them or some of them abut against the other parts of the pat-
tern. Having done this, to the said plate of brass or other metal (which it is to
be remarked must be previously tinned or coated) I apply heat, so as to cause
the tinned surface to take hold of and solder the under edges of the whole of
the pattern, and when this is fully soldered and firmly fixed the upper surface
is "cleaned off," so as to produce the desired level; the whole work is then im-
mersed in dilute sulphuric or muriatic acid, or other solvent that will dissolve

page_text: the zinc without injuring the other portions of the work. This will leave a
patterned surface with the whole pattern standing up in relief, secured to the
under plate by the soldering action as described. This plate being applied to
blocks or cylinders may then be printed from. For plates for Bandanna presses
and discharge printing it will be necessary to prepare a plate and eat away 5
right through the same at the parts where the pattern is to appear.
In preparing other articles, such as open work, I dispense with the solid
plate aforesaid, merely connecting the pieces of brass and zinc together with
solder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Squire Diggle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May 1854.
I, SQUIRE DIGGLE, of Radcliffe, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING " to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of varying at pleasure the amount
of work taken up in looms when two or more shuttles are employed, and
consists in causing the revolution of the work beam to take place through the
intervention of apparatus which the rising box brings into a suitable position for
operating. By this arrangement I am enabled to impart motion to a driving
click in various degrees, corresponding to the number of shuttles employed.
To illustrate this part of my Invention I will point out generally one
arrangement I employ. Suppose that two shuttles are used, the one con-
taining a thicker thread than the other, and that when this is thrown a greater
extent of taking-up motion is to be effected. The apparatus for actuating
the driving click of the taking-up motion I connect by means of rods to
the rising box, so as to cause it to follow the motion thereof, and con-
sequently to assume different elevations, according to the shuttle to be
thrown; corresponding to these elevations are set screws upon the lathe
sword, which as it vibrates will bring one or other of the screws in contact
with the driving click apparatus, so as to carry it forward-and-regulate
the extent of its action upon the teeth of a ratchet wheel. The screws
upon the lathe sword project in different degrees, and will therefore move the

page_text: click through corresponding spaces, but there will always be the same amount
for the same shuttle; when, therefore, the thick thread, above supposed, is
thrown, a connection with the click will be brought opposite to that screw
which will effect the greatest amount of taking up. In like manner three or
more shuttles may operate to effect separate amounts of revolution of the warp
beam, or the same effect may be produced by governing the letting off of
the warp.
The second part of my Invention relates to a method of actuating the
driving click of "positive" taking-up motions in looms generally. To the lathe
sword I adapt two projections or set screws, the one operating upon the 1
driving click in one direction, and the other in the reverse. By shifting the
position of these projecting parts different amounts of taking up may be
effected, according to the fabric required.
The motion is rendered positive by suspending the apparatus which moves
the click from a rod resting upon the work roller, as in ordinary positive 1
taking-up motions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOATS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Brindley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th June
1854.
I, WILLIAM BRINDLEY, junior, of Moorgate Street, in the City of London,
General Trader, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOATS" to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates,-
Firstly, to a novel construction of life boats, rendering it immaterial
whether the upper side becomes immersed or not, in consequence of the
upper and lower sides being alike, and only separated by a perforated
diaphragm or flooring, either single or double. A partition runs from stem
to stern of each side, answering the purpose of a keel when in the water.
The body of the boat is constructed of perforated metal, with a sheathing of
the same inside, the interstices being filled up with wood or cork, and in
other ways rendered buoyant. The bulwarks, keels, and bottom or bottoms
of the boats may be supplied in different ways with air tubes, cork, wood, or
other buoyant materials. When masts are used I recommend their being
constructed to ship and unship freely, and to provide means for stowing them
within the boat alongside the keels.

page_text: And, secondly, by forming boats as before, with a perforated bottom, but
only one keel, one quarter, or thereabouts, the depth of the boat, having a
semicircular sheet of metal set thereon longitudinally, partially concealing the
keel, and well stayed, but open at both sides and ends, so that the water
entering it can only be upset with considerable difficulty.
The novelty of my said Invention consists in constructing life boats, so that
it shall be all the same which of their two sides is uppermost in the water,
either of them serving for the working of the boat and conveyance generally,
and in applying a part thereof to the construction of life boats, which shall be
upset with difficulty.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND MILLBOARD
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April 1854.
I, JOHN HARLOW, of Moseley, in the County of Worcester, Printer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND MILLBOARD" to be as follows, that is
to say-
My Invention consists in introducing and pasting or otherwise attaching
between two or more sheets of paper, pasteboard, or millboard, one or more
sheets or layers of suitable woven textile fabric, such, for instance, as canvas,
linen, or calico, which has the effect of toughening such paper or pasteboard.
When desirable, as for the purpose of making it into labels, I coat either one'
or both sides of the paper thus manufactured with a composition of gold size,
turpentine, and white lead, or any similar composition which will resist the
effects of weather, and admit of the surface being written on with black lead
pencil, without fear of its being effaced.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF LOADING MUSKETS, RIFLES, CARBINES, PISTOLS, AND ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF SMALL ARMS WITH CARTRIDGE, WITHOUT APPLYING THE CARTRIDGE TO THE MOUTH
Year: 1854

page_text: CILO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Keyse at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June 1854.
I, JOHN KEYSE, of No. 2, Apollo Buildings South, East Street, Walworth,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF LOADING MUSKETS, RIFLES, CARBINES,
PISTOLS, AND ALL DESCRIPTIONS OF SMALL ARMS WITH CARTRIDGE, WITHOUT
APPLYING THE CARTRIDGE TO THE MOUTH," to be as follows:-
By making grooves round the top and the outside of the top of the barrel
of the musket, rifle, carbine, pistol, or other small arm, and round the top
and outside of the top of the socket of the bayonet or sword to be attached to
any musket, rifle, carbine, pistol, or small arm, and by placing the top or end
of the cartridge with the right hand on the top and outside of the barrel of the
musket, rifle, carbine, pistol, or other small arm, or on the top and outside of
the socket of the bayonet or sword attached thereto, and pressing the top or
end of the cartridge into the grooves on the top and outside of the top of the
barrel of the musket, rifle, carbine, pistol, or other small arm, or the grooves
on the top and outside of the socket of the bayonet or sword attached thereto,
with the thumb of the left hand whilst holding the musket, and twisting the
cartridge with the thumb and fore-finger of the right hand, which actions
acting upon the grooves immediately separates the end of the cartridges without
applying the cartridges to the mouth to bite off the end.
THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FIBROUS MATERIALS CAPABLE OF AND SUITED FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF STRING, ROPE, MATTING, AND VARIOUS FABRICS WITH OR WITHOUT THE COMBINATION OF COTTON, WOOL, OR FLAX, OR FOR PULP FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, &c
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Printy Wheeler, Paper Maker, of No. 4,
Belle Vue Place, Cleveland Street, Mile End Road, and Sam' Brom-
head, Gent., of No. 88, Holford Square, Pentonville, for the Invention of
"THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FIBROUS MATERIALS CAPABLE OF AND SUITED FOR
THE MANUFACTURING OF STRING, ROPE, MATTING, AND VARIOUS FABRICS WITH
OR WITHOUT THE COMBINATION OF COTTON, WOOL, OR FLAX, OR FOR PULP FOR
THE MANUFACTURING OF PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, &c."
Sealed the 21st November 1854, and dated the 7th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Printy Wheeler
and Sam Bromhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 7th September 1854.
The undersigned GEORGE PRINTY WHEELER, Paper Maker, of No. 4, Belle
Vue Place, Cleveland St., Mile End Road, and SAM BROмHEAD, Gent.,
38, Holford Square, Pentonville, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF NEW FIBROUS MATERIALS CAPABLE OF AND
SUITED FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF STRING, ROPE, MATTING, AND VARIOUS FABRICES

page_text: WITH OR WITHOUT THE COMBINATION OF COTTON, WOOL, OR FLAX, OR FOR PULP FOR
THE MANUFACTURING OF PAPER, PAPIER MACHÉ, MILLBOARD, &c.," to be as
follows:-
We make use of plants of the species called "iris," or the flower-de-luce,
or flags or leaves of flags of every description known by botanists as a genus
of plants of the class triandria, and order monogynia, which grows in
England, throout Europe, in the East and West Indies, and many other
climates, and are imported into Great Britain in mats and bags and wrappers
in which goods are packed, and generally known by the term sugar mats.
By chopping or cutting the material into requisite lengths, boiling them down
in a chemical preparation of alkalies untill the silica or hard flinty substances
having been removed, the "fibre" is produced, and the flags thus prepared
may be converted into yarn, tow, and pulp.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Alfred Skidmore and
Joseph Bolton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th September 1854.
We, FRANCIS ALFRED SKIDMORE, of Coventry, and JOSEPH BOLTON, of the
same Place, Metal Workers, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST-IRON PIPES" to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to get a better mode of joining the
lengths of cast-iron pipes for the conveyance of water and gas. Heretofore it
has been the practice to pass one pipe into another, and to make the joint
complete by means of caulking and soldering; this, however, is a very uncertain
and troublesome operation. Now, our improvements consist in casting pipes
with screws on their ends, and by preference we make thein with male and
female screws, that they may screw one into the other; but other forms of
screws may be used. We introduce a washer of gutta percha or other
suitable material at the end of the screws, and when the pipes are screwed
together the joints will be found very complete.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROJECTILES AND IN GUN WADS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lynall Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1854.
I, WILLIAM LYNALL THOMAS, of Anderton, in the County of Devon,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN PROJECTILES AND IN GUN WADS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for object the affording a supply of air in safe and proper
quantity between the projectile and the powder, or other explosive material
employed to propel the projectile, and I effect this either by the projectile
itself or by means of a wad, constructed as herein-after explained. When by
means of the projectile itself, I form an air chamber in the back thereof, and
cover over the bottom, or that end which comes nearest. the powder, with paper
or other suitable material; and when by means of a wad, I construct it with
a conical or wedge-shaped aperture therein, the apex of the cone or top of
the wedge being at that part of the wad which is placed farthest from the
powder, or other substance used to propel the projectile. The base or lower
part of the wad is covered-with-paper, or other, suitable material of sufficient
strength to prevent its being torn away in loading, yet weak enough to yield
readily on the firing of the powder. Although I have mentioned a conical or
wedge-shaped aperture at the back of the wad, I do not confine myself to

page_text: apertures of this shape only, as other shaped apertures may be found to
answer; but I prefer them to be conical or wedge-shaped, the main aim of
my Invention being to afford a supply of air, and that in safe and proper
quantity between the powder and the projectile, while at the same time
windage will be greatly, if not entirely, prevented. The wad may be composed
of a compound of gutta percha and lead, of papier maché, or of any other
suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW JEWELLERY
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1854. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HOLLOW JEWELLERY," communicated to me from Jean Medard Payen, a foreigner
resident abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of hollow jewellery and trinkets,
either of gold or silver, or of gilded or plated metals, by a new process, whereby
certain articles may be made hollow which have hitherto been obliged to be
made solid. In operating by this process the articles are formed on a mandril
of iron, which is afterwards dissolved by the action of diluted sulphuric acid,
leaving merely the shell of the article intact, which may be composed as above
described of gold, silver, silver gilt, or copper gilt.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL SPOUTS OR TROUGHS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Brown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June 1854.
I, JAMES BROWN, of Haddington, in the County of Haddington, Scotland,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL SPOUTS OR TROUGHS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacture of spouts or troughs out of
plates or sheets of metal, by means of the mechanism herein-after described.
This mechanism consists of two jaws mounted on standards, so as to bo
capable of being brought together and separated, as required, by means of
screws, such jaws when together forming a cylindrical opening, within which
is placed a mandril, as much smaller in diameter than the said opening as to
leave a space between them equal to the thickness of the plate out of which
the spout or trough is to be made. On one of the jaws is formed a semi-
cylindrical cavity of the proper size, into which one end of the plate may be
forced by means of a bar brought down upon it through the agency of a set of
levers, united in their action by a rod or handle passed through them, the
other end of the plate being at the same time held in proper tension by its
connection with the mandril, which has been turned so as to bring the plate
into its required position. There is also a forming bar or die with a semi-

page_text: cylindrical cavity, corresponding with that in the jaw before mentioned, in such
a manner as when brought over it to form a cylindrical cavity. This forming
bar or die is worked from a centre, by means of, a set of lovers, similar to
those before mentioned, and made to press at the required time upon a
circular rod or mandril laid upon the end of the plate that has been forced
into the cavity in the jaw, and thereby form the spout or trough.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Garforth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May 1854.
I, CHARLES GARFORTH, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application, employment, or use of a double
wedge placed between the rail and the chair, the inclined surfaces of which
shall so operate or act upon each other as to tighten up the rail in the
chair, being independent of the chair and dependant entirely upon itself
for effectively securing the rail, in lieu of the present wooden keys and
other insecure contrivances. The method of effecting my Invention is by
bringing the two inclined planes of a double wedge into juxtaposition, and
by means of a headed screw or bolt passing through both wedges (the head
of the screw or bolt resting on the base of one wedge, and one of two nuts
acting on the base of the other wedge), to cause the inclined planes to slip
or pass over each other, thereby enlarging the expanse of the double wedge,

page_text: and permanently tightening up or securing the rail in the chair. When such
operation has been completed, the first nut may be secured by a second or lock
nut in its position. The wedges may either be made of metal or wood, or both;
or they may be used separately, of metal or wood, or combined, and thus
employed in the construction of the permanent way of railways.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Ross at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February 1854.
I, HENRY Ross, of the Town of Nottingham, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND LOOPED FABRICS" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in using a bar, which I call a point bar, to receive
the loops, and carry them on to the needle beards instead of using a presser
bar, or I cause the points to press the needle beards down while the sinkers
knock the loops over the beards in the usual way, thus saving the time
occupied in pressing the needles with the presser in the ordinary way.
AN IMPROVED MOLE TRAP
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Letts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April 1854.
I, GEORGE LETTS, of the Town and County of Northampton, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MOLE
TRAP" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a mole trap, by fixing inside a pipe
near the end thereof, and at each end, a valve or flap, which will open inwards
towards the centre of the pipe, but which is prevented from opening outwards
or in the reverse direction. Thus, a mole may easily enter the trap from either
end, and when in, cannot escape, in consequence of the flaps not opening
outwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Maclaren, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS."
Sealed the 8th March 1854, and dated the 17th January 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Maclaren at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1854.
I, ROBERT MACLAREN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a modification of the general system of moulding
metals, for which Mr. Robert Maclaren has already applied for provisional
protection, that is, the securing an effectual moulding action at one general
operation by means of great mechanical pressure.
By the present system of moulding, the two halves or the upper and lower
boxes are not pressed together for moulding by a single movement, but each
half or section is acted upon separately, that is to say, each half of the mould
is produced by itself, or a number of halves may be impressed or acted upon
together; and the same arrangements are applicable in cases where the mould
is formed in more than two pieces. This improved system of moulding is
also especially suitable for moulding or working upon the plan patented in

page_text: October 1853, by Mr. John Jobson, of Litchurch, in the County of Derby,
and in cases where the two halves or sections are pressed or moulded at the
same time, the sections are brought together again after the removal of the
pattern by the reverse action of the pressing movement; and at the separa-
tion of the sections or the making of the parting, which the traverse appa-
ratus itself accomplishes, the pattern may be left in either section at pleasure.
Thus in vertical moulding both the pattern-and-the-upper-section of the mould
may be hooked up or suspended whilst the lower section is withdrawn, the
pattern being then afterwards removed from the upper section.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTERS AND FIGURES, AND OF ORNAMENTAL SIGN BOARDS AND OTHER TABLETS, AND IN AFFIXING LETTERS, FIGURES, OR ORNAMENTS TO GLASS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Waller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July
1854.
I, RALPH WALLER, of the City of Manchester, Merchant and Manufac-
turer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LETTERS AND FIGURES, AND OF ORNAMENTAL SIGN BOARDS
AND OTHER TABLETS, AND IN AFFIXING LETTERS, FIGURES, OR ORNAMENTS TO GLASS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of letters and figures
consists in stamping letters and figures of copper or other suitable sheet metal
in basso relievo.
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of ornamental sign
boards and other tablets consists in fixing every description of letters, figures,
or ornaments on mirrors or plates of silvered glass, instead of fixing such
letters, figures, or ornaments on plain or coloured glass, as heretofore.
My Invention of improvements in affixing letters, figures, or ornaments
to glass consists in employing pins or rivets passing through the letters, figures,
or ornaments, and through holes drilled through the glass on which the said
letters, figures, or ornaments are to be affixed, instead of affixing them with
cement, as heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAT BODIES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HAT BODIES."
-A communication.
Sealed the 7th November 1854, and dated the 18th August 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1854.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HAT BODIES," a communication from abroad," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application and use of what is technically and
commercially known as "hard rubber" in the manufacture of hat bodies.
The material under treatment is used in the state of soft sheets, in which
condition it is moulded to the proper form, and it is afterwards vulcanized on
the mould. The particular compound preferred as the hat body material is
made up of two pounds weight of rubber and one pound weight of sulphur.
This makes excellent hat bodies, and it is easily moulded with very great
accuracy. Sulphurized gutta percha may also be used for a similar purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING AND FINISHING SILK OR WOOLLEN YARNS OR THREADS IN THE HANK OR SKEIN
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Heppleston at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1854.
I, THOMAS HEPPLESTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Hat
Trimming Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR STRETCHING AND FINISHING SILK
OR WOOLLEN YARNS OR THREADS IN THE HANK OR SKEIN " to be as follows:-
My improvements apply only to the finishing and stretching of silk or
woollen yarns or threads in the hank or skein. I employ a hollow cylinder
of copper, or any other suitable metal, mounted in framework, and capable of
being heated from the interior by steam, hot air, gas, or any other convenient
means; this cylinder is caused to revolve, having the hanks previously passed
round it, such hanks being also distended over a rod of metal capable of
adjustment, so that a certain amount of stretch or tension may be given to the
hanks. This is accomplished by securing the tension rod by two connecting
links to a cross piece through a nut in which a screw works; by the revolutions
of this screw the cross head is caused to traverse to and fro, and by aid of the
draw links the rod or bar of metal causes a greater or less strain or stretch
upon the banks, and by means of the rapid revolutions of the heated cylinder
a finish or lustre is imparted to the yarn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDS FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Mitchell, of Dewsbury, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARDS
FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 16th January 1855, and dated the 18th July 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Mitchell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1854.
I, SAMUEL MITCHELL, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF CARDS FOR CARDING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of cards for carding
fibrous materials consists of the application of a metallic covering to the
leather, cloth, or other material of which the card may be made. The metallic
covering serves to protect the "card cloth" from grease, oil, resin, or other
injurious matters. The metallic covering is applied in the form of thin sheets
to the leather, cloth, or other material, and fastened by glue or otherwise; the

page_text: bent wires or hooks forming the teeth of the card are then passed through
the perforated leather, cloth, or other material the card may be made of. In
most cases I should cover both sides of the card cloth with the metallic pre-
servative. The wooden fillets of the carding engine, or other parts, where
necessary, may may also be covered with metal.
The metals I use for the purpose are brass, copper, tin, lead, zinc, or
any combination of the soft-metals; but I give the preference-to tin, rolled
into thin sheets, and known as tin-foil, as being most suitable for the
purpose.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henderson at the Office of
. the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1854.
I, JOHN HENDERSON, of Lasswade, in the County of Mid Lothian, Scotland,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS" to be as follows:
My Invention consists, in the first place, in the application of the fabric,
herein-after first described, to printed or parti-coloured warps; and, in the
second place, in the manufacture of the fabric herein-after secondly described.
The first fabric is produced by dividing the "printed" surface warp into
two or more equal parts, which different parts work each in a separate leaf of
heddles; thus, if the printed surface warp is divided into two parts, No. 1
thread is inserted in No. 1 leaf of heddles, No. 2 thread in the second leaf,
No. 3 in the first, No. 4 in the second, and so on, over the whole breadth,
each alternate thread being inserted in the same leaf of heddles. In the same
manner, if the surface warp is divided into three parts, there must be three
leaves of heddles; the first thread being inserted in No. 1 leaf, the second in
No. 2, the third in No. 3, the fourth in No. 1, the fifth in No. 2, the sixth
in Number three, and so on; so that into as many parts as the surface warp is
divided, there must be just as many leaves of heddles to contain it. Having
proceeded thus far, the first half, third, fourth, or whatever part the surface
warp-is-divided into, is kept raised; and all the other parts of it lowered; the

page_text: wire is then inserted, and the first part (which was kept raised) is taken down
over it, and fixed there by the weft shots intersecting the binding chain; No. 2
part of the warp is then raised (all other parts being kept lowered), and under-
goes the same process as the first part, and so on, till all the different parts of
the warp are gone over, when the first part is again proceeded with as before.
The second fabric is the same as the former, as regards the dividing of the
printed surface warp, but differs when it comes to the actual weaving and
make of it. Instead of any part or parts of the surface warp being taken
down, and the wire inserted between the part left up and the part or parts
taken down, the wire is inserted below the whole printed surface warp; then-
No. 1 part of the warp is taken down over the wire, and fixed there by the
weft shots intersecting the binding chain; it is again raised, and No. 2 part
of the warp is taken down over another wire, inserted below the whole surface
warp, and fixed in the same manner as No. 1 part, and so on, with all the
different parts of the warp, when No. 1 part is again proceeded with as before.
Therefore, if the surface warp is divided into two parts, as in the manner
described in the former fabric, it must take two wires to form each loop, which
loops of course bosom each other. If the warp is divided into three parts,
each loop will take three wires to form it; if into four parts, each loop takes
four wires, and so on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Hill Bakewell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1854.
I, THOMAS HILL BAKEWELL, of Welford Road, Leicester, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
gloves, with a view to make them elastic in or near the palms of the hand,
and to ventilate the same. For this purpose parts of the fronts of gloves
which come to the palms of the hands have let into them vulcanized india-
rubber or elastic fabric, and in order to admit of air to the palms of the
hands, ventilators are fixed, which it is preferred should each consist of two
plates or discs, perforated in such manner as to allow more or less air to pass,
according as the perforations are brought more or less opposite; the form of
ventilators may, however, be varied.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND OTHER PRODUCTS ORDINARILY OBTAINED FROM SACCHA- RINE MATTERS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Wray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th October
1854.
I, LEONARD WRAY, of Great Tower Street, in the City of London, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND OTHER PRODUCTS ORDINARILY OBTAINED FROM SACCHA-
RINE MATTERS" to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in obtaining from the plant botanically known
under the name or title of holcus saccharatus, or holcus saccharatum, and on
the coast of Africa by the name of "imphee," a saccharine juice, and in
manufacturing therefrom syrup, molasses, treacle, and crystallised sugar, by
the processes of clarification or defecation, evaporation, and concentration; also
vinegar, alcohol, and other products ordinarily obtained from saccharine
matters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July
1854.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER,"
a communication from Jacques Eugene Armengaud, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, Civil Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of an entirely new principle for the
obtainment of motive power, whether such power be applied to locomotive
purposes or propulsion in general, or to the driving of machinery generally, and
is based on the principle that two bodies in juxtaposition, which are separated
by any elastic force and driven in two opposite directions, will mutually form
a fulcrum; if at the same time an arrangement is adopted, first, either to
replace constantly one of the two bodies, or, second, to cause it to return
without any opposing effort or force, that is to say, without neutralizing the
movement of the other body, in such a manner that in both cases the juxta-
position of the two bodies may be always re-established, and the elastic force
tend constantly to separate them, a constant fulcrum or bearing in one direc-
tion will be obtained. It is proposed to carry out this principle and apply it as
a motive power by employing a long cylinder, fitted with a piston, which is

page_text: acted upon on one side by any elastic force, such as steam, compressed air, or
any expansive gas, the other side of the piston being acted against by a column
of fluid, which fluid is also acted upon by compressed air or other elastic power
contained in a vessel in connection with the other end of the cylinder. The
piston communicates its motion to a crank by a connecting rod or other
convenient mechanical arrangement.