IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- *STRUCTION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Stettinius Clark, of High Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
*STRUCTION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER."—A communication.
STRUCTION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER."— A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William' Stettinius Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the
9th October 1856.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER," (a communica-
tion,) to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in using any suitable vessel of the usual form of ver-
tical churns, and having bearings or standards, with which are connected a
master or driving wheel and a bevel-gear wheel, geared together and operated
by a winch handle; the said wheels and bearings attached to and working on
the top or cover of the churn.
Attached to the gear wheel, through the dasher, is a vertical shaft; the top
end working in the bearings or standard, and the lower end working in the
bottom of the churn; attached permanently to this shaft is the reservoir
dasher. This dasher may be designated a concavo-convex rotary reservoir

page_text: dasher, having hollow deflective or curved radial chambers; this dasher has an
opening or hole for the alternate admission, of hot and cold water. Around the
interior circumference of the vessel are attached permanent or detachable
double concave, vertically arranged, cleats or butter gatherers, and capable of
holding water; these concave gatherers, in connection with the described
dasher, augmenting the concretion and forming the mass of butter without
requiring any additional agency; thus producing a more superior quality and a
greater quantity of butter than can be produced by any other means.
I claim the construction of a churn vessel with hollow or solid double con-
cave adjustable detachable side gatherers.
Secondly, I claim the construction of a churn reservoir dasher, having
curved or deflective radial chambers of a concavo-convex form, with direct
radial wings or flanges, and the using the same separately or combined with
the double concave gatherers.
Thirdly, I claim the double application of warm and cold water or ice in com-
bination with the dasher and double concave gatherers; I do not, however,
claim the application of hot or cold water solely in the process of butter-making,
as the same have been employed separately or distinctly heretofore, as is well
known in this Kingdom, as well as in several instances in early Patents of the
United States..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent;"filed
by the said William Stettinius Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th January 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
STETTINIUS CLARK, of 133, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year. of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Stettinius Clark, Her special licence 'that I, the said William
Stettinius Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
1; the said William Stettinius Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain

page_text: and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER," (a com-
munication,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Stettinius Clark,; my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe.
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same.
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Stettinius Clark, do hereby,
declare the nature of my said- Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My improvements consist in using any suitable vessel of the usual form of
vertical; as seen in Fig. 1, exhibiting a perspective view of the churn com-
plete. a, a, representing a suitable cylindrical or other conical vessel with a
top or covering b, b. The two halves of the top, when together, shew an open-
ing c; attached to one half of the top is an arched standard.of any suitable
design, having a base.h, h, screwed on to the top, from which base starts a.
column i, i, formed with a journal bearing J, from which continues an arch k, k,
formed with a vertical and horizontal journal socket L, corresponding with the
bearing J, and in this socket works an axle m, having a crank n.. To the
driving bevel-gear wheel P, mashing into a smaller bevel g, attached to
the spindle Y.
Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view, showing, attached to the interior circum-
ference, the agitators, formed with a ridge and concaves S2, S3, .S; in the
centre of the bottom of the vessel is a socket plate or step device U, the lower
end of the spindle working therein.
The dasher, Fig. 3, presents three concavo-convex side extensions or cham-
bers V, V, V, which is termed an "ogee" form, one half the surface being
concave and the other convex; these are termed "revolving reservoir dashers,"
and may be made of any suitable material; in the top is a spout X, com-
municating with the interior of the dasher. Y is a vertical spindle passing
through and connected with the washer. In the form of dasher shewn in Fig. 4.
a central hollow cylinder Z, Z, is employed, of suitable length and diameter,
and to the circumference may be attached horn-like formations, as seen at
Fig. 4, forming separate individual chambers.
The form shewn in Fig. 5 has four "ogee" lateral chambers. 7, 8, 9, 10,
represent radial wings. The concaves and convexes must be formed or turned

page_text: from left to right, that is, the shape must be such that the concave surfaces 13,
14, 15, &c., as shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5, shall be presented first to the resistance
of the volumn of cream.
.
:.
The operation is as follows:-The churn vessel is first properly scalded,
after which warm water is poured into the dasher; the churning may then
commence, by turning at a moderately rapid rate the dasher, by means of the
Landle O; this being continued from three to six minutes is all that is required
to produce a perfect separation of the oleoginous matter from the caseous or
serous principle which is indicated by the appearance of the particles;
.
these particles are not accumulated in concrete mass, but by the aid of cold
water substituted in lieu of the warm, which is withdrawn from the dasher by
detaching it from the vessel. The concave gatherers, as shown in Figure 2,
augmenting the concretion and forming the mass without any additional
agency, producing in a less space of time, and increasing the yield over any
ether apparatus heretofore employed; the quality of the butter is improved,
for by the peculiar functions or actions of the dasher and side pieces no.par-
ticle of the caseic principle is left incorporated with the oleaginous mass.
Butter produced by this churn has been tested and found to become more firm
and susceptible of being kept much longer than butter produced by the
ordinary process.
.
The principles pertaining to my system are as follows:-An equal, uniform,.
and certain degree of temperature being essential in the disintegration of the.
oily and serous, properties of cream, it becomes necessary to attain this desi-
deratum in a certain methodical manner, which I have accomplished through
my improvements, embracing a vertically arranged reservoir dasher, constructed
as shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5; the utility of this form of dasher is to distribute.
throughout the volumn of milk or cream a more general degree of temperature,
which, together with the friction produced by the succession of eddies caused
by the concave and concavo-convex chambers and gatherers, rapidly change
the nature of the milk or cream, causing a rapid separation of the oleagenous
and serous components; again, the substitution of the cold water for the warm.
causes the more rapid solidification of the butter, in the same manner that a
suddenly reduced temperature condenses or congeals water; and thus, in the
production of butter in extremely warm climates, should the serum attain too
high a degree of temperature, which is calculated to induce caseic coagulation,
cold water or pounded ice may be put into the dasher, and thus the desired
result is speedily brought about.
. The flanges or wings (Fig. 5) are designed to act as coolers or fans, tending
to reduce the temperature of the reservoir if too creat

page_text: Having described my improvements, what I claim as new is,―
1st, the construction of a churn vessel with hollow or solid double concave
or fluted side gatherers, as shewn in Fig. 2.
"
2nd, the construction of a rotary reservoir dasher, formed with concavo-
convex or ogee" sides, three or more in number, V, V, W, W, or formed
with a central tube Z, Z, and horn-like projections or separate compartments,
as shewn in Figs. 3, 4, 5.
3rd, the double application of hot and cold water in combination with the
dasher, of the form shown, or any modified shape or conformation thereof, sub-
stantially as set forth. I do not, however, claim the application of hot or
cold water solely in the process of butter making, as that has been long
known.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Stettinius Clark, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK. (L.S.)