IMPROVE- THE ARRANGEMENT OF GAS BURNERS AND IN MEANS AIR THERETO
Year: 1884

page_text: [Reprint. This Specification has been reprinted in consequence of an amendment
made by Order of the Comptroller prior to the sealing of the Patent.]
I DAVID WILLIAM SUGG of Vincent Works, Vincent Street in the City of
Westminster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
THE ARRANGEMENT OF GAS BURNERS AND IN MEANS
AIR THERETO to be as follows:-
MENTS IN
FOR SUPPLYING
This invention relates to an arrangement of flat flame burners and to novel means
for supplying air thereto whereby I obtain perfect combustion and a considerable
increase in the lighting power of the flame.
My invention is applicable either to street lighting or for domestic purposes, the
number of the burners and their capacity being increased or diminished according
to requirements.
In carrying out my invention I use what are known as low pressure flat flame
burners which I arrange round the walls and near the base of an inverted hollow cone
or in any other convenient manner so that the burners shall shall project outwardly
and have a slight downward inclination. This cone may be fitted onto the top of
the gas supply pipe or may be pendent therefrom according to the style of lamp
required and will form a gas chamber in which if desired a regulator may be
placed. Upon the base of this cone is fixed another cone which 1 will term a
directing cone. This cone is intended to enter a third hollow inverted truncated
cone which I term the air cone. This cone is carried by means of hollow radial
arms secured to the frame of the lamp or lantern.
These arms serve as air passages to supply air to the air cone and the number of
the air passages corresponds with the number of burners employed.
Across the air cone and below the air passages is placed a piece of wire gauze or
other convenient means for breaking up the currents of air before they pass to the
burner thus obviating any unsteadiness of the flame. Outside the truncated portion
of the air cone a reflector is fitted the diameter of which must be such that it will
somewhat exceed the greatest diameter of the ring of flame. Outside this reflector
is a second and larger reflector which is carried in any convenient manner by the
frame of the lamp and is arranged to allow a small annular space between it and
the first reflector, through which the products of combustion can pass.
The air when in the air cone will move comparatively slowly but before it passes
to the burners its velocity will be considerably increased in order to give a proper

page_text: form to the flame and this is effected by pushing up or raising more or less the
deflecting cone so as to contract the exit for the air.
It is well known that with vertical flat flames it is almost impossible to obtain
perfect combustion as the supply of air does not remain a sufficiently long time in
contact with the flame for its oxygen to properly combine with the carbon of the
gas but, becoming heated passes away rapidly, carrying with it much of the carbon,
thus producing a yellowish instead of a clear white flame and vitiating the air of
the apartment considerably from the smoke arising through the non consumption
of the carbon.
A similar effect results from flat flames when used horizontally as in sun burners,
the smoke arising in this case being greater than in the former even when high
pressure burners are employed which is usually the case in this class of burner with
a view to avoid as much as possible the formation of smoke.
In my improved arrangement of burner the air is caused to strike with con-
siderable velocity on the flame which tends to cause a better combination of air
and gas. It also serves to give a proper form and direction to the flame, keeping
it fully distended.
The flame itself to some extent serves to deflect the current of air and the
reflector serves to prevent its rising, thus the air is forced to remain for a sufficient
length of time in contact with the flame to allow its oxygen to properly combine
with the carbon of the gas before passing through the annular space between the
reflectors, to the chimney. By this means I obtain almost perfect combustion and
consequently an intense white light.
Between the burners where there is no flame and at the edges where the flame
is thinnest, the current of air will pass downwards the edges of the flame being
slightly curved downwards so that a flame of beautiful form will result and its
fullest lighting power be attained.
The currents of air which pass downwards and any products of combustion they
may carry with them will pass off round the outer edge of the larger reflector to
the chimney with which the lamp will be provided.

page_text: I DAVID WILLIAM SUGG of Vincent Works Vincent Street in the City of
Westminster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "l-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR SUPPLYING AIR TO INVERTED GAS-BURNERS" and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to novel means for supplying air to inverted flat-flame
burners whereby I obtain perfect combustion and a considerable increase in the
lighting power of the flame.
My Invention is applicable either to street lighting or for domestic purposes.
In carrying out my Invention I use what are known as low pressure flat-flame
burners which I arrange so that they shall have a slight downward inclination.
The air to support combustion is supplied both above and below the flame and
means are provided for directing the currents of air onto the flame whereby the
flame will be distended, a complete mixture of the air and gas, will take place and
a ring of flame of intense brilliancy will be obtained.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown at Figures 1 and 2 my Invention as
applied to a lamp for domestic use, Fig: 1 being a side elevation of a lamp and
Fig: 2 a vertical section of the same; and at Fig: 3 I have shown in section a
street lamp with my Invention applied thereto.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, A is a bell-shaped or other hollow casting,
say, of brass which is formed with an external flange A¹. The casting A is secured
to the end of a tube B which serves as a chimney and is supported in any
convenient manner from the ceiling or wall of the apartment C is the gas supply
pipe to the end of which is secured the burner D.
E is a hollow inverted truncated cone which I term the air cone and which is
supported by the radial tubes or hollow arms E¹.
These tubes are screwed into the cone E and are inserted through corresponding
holes in the casting A and serve as air passages by which the external air for
supporting combustion passes to the air cone. The number of these tubes which
I prefer to employ is ten. Outside the casting A is a perforated band a which is
intended to regulate the size of the air openings as required. When properly set
this band is secured by a screw b or in any other convenient manner. To prevent
a too great rush and to break up the currents of air the openings are covered with
a wire gauze guard F.
Outside of and supported by the air cone E is a deflector G of any convenient
diameter which serves to prevent the currents of air turning up immediately they
leave the air cone.
It is well known that with vertical flat flames it is almost impossible to obtain
perfect combustion as the supply of air does not remain a sufficiently long time in
contact with the flame for its oxygen to properly combine with the carbon of the
gas but becoming heated passes away rapidly, carrying with it much of the carbon
thus producing a yellowish instead of a clear white flame and vitiating the air of
the apartment considerably from the smoke arising through the nonconsumption
of the carbon. A similar effect results from ordinary flat flames when used
horizontally as in sun-burners the smoke arising in this case being greater than in
the former even when high pressure burners are employed, which is usually the
case in this class of burner, with a view to avoid as much as possible the formation
of smoke.
By the employment of the deflector G above mentioned the air is forced to
remain for a sufficient length of time in contact with the flame to allow the

page_text: oxygen properly to combine with the carbon of the gas, before passing to the
chimney and I thereby obtain almost perfect combustion and an intense white
light.
The burner D is formed with and carries a hollow cone D¹.-This cone D' which
I term the directing cone is screwed onto or otherwise secured to the gas supply
pipe C.
This cone D¹ is placed in the opening of the air cone E which will be more or
less contracted by raising or lowering the burner therein as required.
The cone D' serves not only to direct the currents of air onto the flame but
also gives the air an outward direction The air when in the air cone E will move
comparatively slowly but as it leaves the cone its velocity must be considerably
increased by contracting the opening as before explained in order that it shall strike
the flame with considerable force thereby assisting not only to produce a complete
mixture of the air and gas but also to give in combination with the deflector Ga
proper form to the flame."
The air entering by the air cone E takes the direction indicated by the
arrows and the products of combustion pass off to the chimney round the
edge of the deflector G To ensure this taking place I form the casting A with
the prolongation A2 which forms a directing guard not only to turn the products
up the chimney but prevent their striking on the glass globe H which surrounds
the burner. This guard in combination with the globe serves to give direction to
currents of air entering from the outside by the holes cc in the Hange A¹ of the
casting by means of which the glass globe is kept comparatively cool and the
underside of the flame is supplied with oxygen.
The direction taken by these currents of air is indicated by the arrows y y.
The glass globe is supported by the wire d or in any other convenient manner.
Fig 3 shows the Invention as applied to a street lamp. In this arrangement
the gas supply is from below but in other respects allowing for the necessary
modifications to suit the altered circumstances the arrangement is practically the
same as that above described and will be readily understood from that description.
The principal difference is that the diameter of the deflector G must considerably
exceed the diameter of the ring of flame and a reflector G is arranged so as to
allow an annular space between by which the products of combustion pass off.
In this arrangement the air to supply the underside of the flame will enter by
holes in the ribs of the lantern or in any other convenient manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The means for supplying air to the flames of inverted gas burners such means
consisting essentially of an inverted hollow truncated cone which receives the external
air through radial air passages and a directing cone placed in the opening of the air
cone to contract the passage thereby augmenting the velocity of the air and causing
it to attack the flame on the top side at the point of ignition whereby the flame is
expanded and the oxygen of the air and the carbon of the gas become immediately
combined, in combination with means for supplying air to the underside of the flames
to counterbalance the downward top current such for instance as the openings in
the flange A', the guard A* and glass globe H in combination substantially as
described.

page_text: I DAVID WILLIAM SUGG of Vincent Works, Vincent Street in the City of
Westminster, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF GAS BURNERS AND IN MEANS FOR SUPPLYING
AIR THERETO to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an arrangement of flat flame burners and to novel means
for supplying air thereto whereby I obtain perfect combustion and a considerable
increase in the lighting power of the flame.
My invention is applicable either to street lighting or for domestic purposes, the
number of the burners and their capacity being increased or diminished according
to requirements.
In carrying out my invention I use what are known as low pressure flat flame
burners which I arrange round the walls and near the base of an inverted hollow cone
or in any other convenient manner so that the burners shall shall project outwardly
and have a slight downward inclination. This cone may be fitted onto the top of
the gas supply pipe or may be pendent therefrom according to the style of lamp
required and will form a gas chamber in which if desired a regulator may be
placed. Upon the base of this cone is fixed another cone which I will term a
directing cone. This cone is intended to enter a third hollow inverted truncated
cone which I term the air cone. This cone is carried by means of hollow radial
arms secured to the frame of the lamp or lantern.
These arms serve as air passages to supply air to the air cone and the number of
the air passages corresponds with the number of burners employed.
Across the air cone and below the air passages is placed a piece of wire gauze or
other convenient means for breaking up the currents of air before they pass to the
burner thus obviating any unsteadiness of the flame. Outside the truncated portion
of the air cone a reflector is fitted the diameter of which must be such that it will
somewhat exceed the greatest diameter of the ring of flame. Outside this reflector
is a second and larger reflector which is carried in any convenient manner by the
frame of the lamp and is arranged to allow a small annular space between it and
the first reflector, through which the products of combustion can pass.
The air when in the air cone will move comparatively slowly but before it passes
to the burners its velocity will be considerably increased in order to give a proper

page_text: form to the flame and this is effected by pushing up or raising more or less the
deflecting cone so as to contract the exit for the air.
It is well known that with vertical flat flames it is almost impossible to obtain
perfect combustion as the supply of air does not remain a sufficiently long time in
contact with the flame for its oxygen to properly combine with the carbon of the
gas but, becoming heated passes away rapidly, carrying with it much of the carbon,
thus producing a yellowish instead of a clear white flame and vitiating the air of
the apartment considerably from the smoke arising through the non consumption
of the carbon.
A similar effect results from flat flames when used horizontally as in sun burners,
the smoke arising in this case being greater than in the former even when high
pressure burners are employed which is usually the case in this class of burner with
a view to avoid as much as possible the formation of smoke.
In my improved arrangement of burner the air is caused to strike with con-
siderable velocity on the flame which tends to cause a better combination of air
and gas. It also serves to give a proper form and direction to the flame, keeping
it fully distended.
The flame itself to some extent serves to deflect the current of air and the
reflector serves to prevent its rising, thus the air is forced to remain for a sufficient
length of time in contact with the flame to allow its oxygen to properly combine
with the carbon of the gas before passing through the aunular space between the
reflectors, to the chimney. By this means I obtain almost perfect combustion and
consequently an intense white light.
Between the burners where there is no flame and at the edges where the flame
is thinnest, the current of air will pass downwards the edges of the flame being
slightly curved downwards so that a flame of beautiful form will result and its
fullest lighting power be attained.
The currents of air which pass downwards and any products of combustion they
may carry with them, will pass off round the outer edge of the larger reflector to
the chimney with which the lamp will be provided.
Dated this 1st Jan
... .100

page_text: I DAVID WILLIAM SUGG of Vincent Works Vincent Street in the City of
Westminster Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for " [м-
PROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF GAS-BURNERS AND IN MEANS FOR SUPPLYING
AIR THERETO " and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an arrangement of flat-fla ne burners and to novel
means for supplying air thereto whereby I obtain perfect combustion and a
considerable increase in the lighting power of the flame.
My Invention is applicable either to street lighting or for domestic purposes the
number of the burners and their capacity being increased or diminished according
to requirements.
In carrying out my Invention I use what are known as low pressure flat flame
burners which I arrange round the walls and near the base of an inverted hollow
cone or in any other convenient manner so that the burners shall project outwardly
and have a slight downward inclination This cone may be fitted on to the
top of the gas supply pipe or may be pendent therefrom according to the style of
lainps required and will form a gas chamber in which if desired a regulator may be
placed.
The air to support combustion is supplied both above and below the flame and
means are provided for directing the currents of air onto the flame whereby the
flame will be distended, a complete mixture of the air and gas will take place and
a ring of flame of intense brilliancy will be obtained.
Invention as
In the accompanying drawing I have shown at Figures 1 and 2 my
applied to a lamp for domestic use, Fig: 1 being a side elevation of a lamp and
Fig: 2 a vertical section of the same. At Figures 3 and 4 I have shown the inode
of applying different kinds of flat flame burners to the lamp and at Fig: 5 I have
shown in section a street lamp with my Invention applied thereto.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, A is a bell-shaped or other hollow casting,
say, of brass which is formed with an external flange A¹. The casting A is secured
to the end of a tube B which serves as a chimney and is supported in any
convenient manner from the ceiling or wall of the apartment C is the gas supply
pipe to the end of which is secured the burner D.
E is a hollow inverted truncated cone which I term the air cone and which is
supported by the radial tubes or hollow arms E¹.
These tubes are screwed into the cone E and are inserted through corresponding
holes in the casting A and serve as air passages by which the external air for
supporting combustion passes to the air cone. The number of these tubes which
I prefer to employ is ten. Outside the casting A is a perforated band a which is
intended to regulate the size of the air openings as required. When properly set
this band is secured by a screw b or in any other convenient manner.
To prevent
a too great rush and to break up the currents of air the openings are covered with
a wire gauze guard F.
Outside of and supported by the air cone E is a deflector G of any convenient
diameter which serves to prevent the currents of air turning up immediately they
leave the air cone.
It is well known that with vertical flat flames it is almost impossible to obtain
perfect combustion as the supply of air does not remain a sufficiently long time in
contact with the flaine for its oxygen to properly combine with the carbon of the
gas but becoming heated passes away rapidly, carrying with it much of the carbon

page_text: thus producing a yellowish instead of a clear white flame and vitiating the air of
the apartment considerably from the smoke arising through the nonconsumption
of the carbon. A similar effect results from ordinary flat flames when used
horizontally as in sun-burners the smoke arising in this case being greater than in
the former even when high pressure burners are employed, which is usually the
case in this class of burner, with a view to avoid as much as possible the formation
of smoke.
By the employment of the deflector G above mentioned the air is forced to
remain for a sufficient length of time in contact with the flame to allow the
oxygen properly to combine with the carbon of the gas, before passing to the
chimney and I thereby obtain almost perfect combustion and an intense white
light.
The burner D is composed of an inverted hollow or partly hollow cone D to the
base of which is fixed another cone D.-This cone D¹ which I term the directing
cone is screwed onto or otherwise secured to the gas supply pipe C.-Into the
walls of the cone D and near the base are screwed a series of five of any of the
ordinary low pressure jets.-In the Figures I have shown what are known as
Sugg's hollow top burners applied to the cone but ordinary fish-tail burners may
be equally applied.
The burners are placed at right angles to the plane of the cone to which they
are secured and they will thus have a slight downward inclination so that the gas
on issuing from the burner will start in a slightly downward direction.
The burner D is placed in the opening of the air cone E which will be more or
less contracted by raising or lowering the burner D therein as required.
The upper cone D¹ serves not only to direct the currents of air onto the flame
but also gives the air an outward direction The air when in the air cone E will
move comparatively slowly but as it leaves the cone its velocity must be consider-
ably increased by contracting the opening as before explained in order that it shall
strike the flame with considerable force thereby assisting not only to produce a
complete mixture of the air and gas but also to give in combination with the
deflector G a proper form to the flame.
The air entering by the air cone E takes the direction indicated by the
arrows x and the products of combustion pass off to the chimney round the
edge of the deflector G To ensure this taking place I form the casting A with
the prolongation A³ which forms a directing guard not only to turn the products
up the chimney but prevent their striking on the glass globe H which surrounds
the burner. This guard in combination with the globe serves to give direction to
currents of air entering from the outside by the holes c c in the flange A¹ of the
casting by means of which the glass globe is kept comparatively cool and the
underside of the flame is supplied with oxygen.
The direction taken by these currents of air is indicated by the arrows y y.
The glass globe is supported by the wire d or in any other convenient manner.
Between the burners where there is no flame and at the edges where the flame
is thinnest the currents of air will pass downwards the edges of the flame being
slightly curled downwards so that a flame of beautiful form will result and its
fullest lighting power will be attained.
In Figures 3 and 4 I have shown in sectional and side elevation two modi-
fications in the form of the burner.-In Figures 3 instead of applying the fish-tail
jets thereto I make the requisite passages to form the fish-tail flame in the walls
of the cone. In Figures 4 I form the burner with a series of radial passages made
at right angles to the plane of the cone and which will give a flat annular sheet of
flame.
By making the interior conical as at the point e the burners become self-clearing
as any dust which collects there will be blown out directly the gas is turned on.
Fig: 5 shows the Invention as applied to a street lamp. In this arrangement
the gas supply is from below but in other respects allowing for the necessary
modifications to suit the altered circumstances the arrangement is practically the

page_text: same as that above described and will be readily understood from that description.
The principal difference is that the diameter of the deflector G must considerably
exceed the diameter of the ring of flame and a reflector G¹ is arranged so as to
allow an annular space between by which the products of combustion pass off.
In this arrangement the air to supply the underside of the flame will enter by
holes in the ribs of the lantern or in any other convenient manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
1st The arrangement of flat flame gas burners as herein described and consisting
in placing the nibs or perforated gas ways at a greater or less angle downwards to
the horizontal as described.
2nd The means for supplying air to the flames such means consisting essentially
of an inverted hollow truncated cone which receives the external air through radia!
air passages and a directing cone placed in the opening of the air cone to contract
the passage thereby augmenting the velocity of the air and causing it to attack
the flame on the top side at the point of ignition whereby the flame is expanded
and the oxygen of the air and the carbon of the gas become immediately
combined, in combination with means for supplying air to the underside of the
flames to counterbalance the downward top current such for instance as the
openings in the flange A¹, the guard A³ and glass globe H in combination
substantially as described.