A New or Improved Process for Recovering Zinc or Spelter from Waste Galvanized Iron and Steel, and Furnaces and Appliances for the said Process.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 30th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Process for Recovering Zinc or Spelter from
Waste Galvanized Iron and Steel, and Furnaces and Appliances
for the said Process.
I WILLIAM HAYWARD, the Elder of the Firm of William Hayward and Sons
of Brunswick Works Bilston Road, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford
Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention has for its object the rapid and economical recovery of melted zinc
or spelter from waste or scrap galvanised iron or steel; and consists of the process
hereinafter described for treating waste or scrap galvanized iron or steel and in the
furnaces and appliances used in conducting the said process.
I will describe my invention in connection with the treatment of galvanized
wrought iron.
The process constituting the essential part of my invention consists in carefully
heating the scrap galvanized iron to a temperature somewhat higher than the
melting point of zinc the said heating being so effected that the waste galvanized
iron is exposed as little as possible to the air while under treatment. The melted
zinc runs from the iron and is collected in the manner hereinafter explaine:1.
The furnace which I prefer to employ is a reverberatory furnace of a circular
shape. The bed of the furnace on which bed the waste to be treated is placed is
slightly concave and has a series of radial grooves or channels communicating with
a central opening in the said bed through which opening the melted zinc runs into ingot
or other moulds or into a vessel of water. The flame and heated air from the fire
place of the furnace pass along the reverberating arch of the furnace the heat
being radiated downwards on the said waste without the flame coming into contact
with the said waste or coming into contact with it only to a very limited extent.
By dampers or other equivalent means the air supplied to the fire place is limited.
to the amount necessary for the effectual combustion of the fuel, an excess of air
being avoided so that the atmosphere in which the melting of the zinc is effected
is so deficient of oxygen that the loss of zinc by oxidation is wholly or in great
part prevented.
The chamber underneath the bed of the furnace into which chamber the melted
zinc runs through the central hole in the bed of the furnace is shut off as far as
practicable from the atmosphere so that no oxidation of the melted zinc may take
place. The melted zinc may either be received in an open receptacle in the said
chamber or in ingot or other moulds or in a vessel of water.
The iron freed of zinc may be treated by piling or otherwise to fit. it for
manufacturing-purposes. The iron obtained from waste galvanized wrought iron
by my process is of good quality.
The application of my invention to the treatment of galvanized cast iron and
galvanized steel differs in no essential respect from its application to the treatment
of galvanized wrought iron as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 8th day of April 1893.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE
DTETICATION.
A New or Improved Process for Recovering Zinc or Spelter from
Waste Galvanized Iron and Steel, and Furnaces and Appliances
for the said Process.
I WILLIAM HAYWARD, the Elder, of the Firm of William Hayward and Sons,
of Brunswick Works, Bilston Road Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention has for its object the rapid and economical recovery of melted
zinc or spelter from waste or scrap galvanized iron or steel; and consists of the
process hereinafter described for treating waste or scrap galvanized iron or steel
and in the furnaces and appliances used in conducting the said process.
I will describe my invention in connection with the treatment of galvanized
wrought iron.
The process constituting the essential part of my invention consists in carefully
heating the scrap galvanized iron to a temperature somewhat higher than the
melting point of zinc, the said heating being so effected that the waste galvanized
iron is exposed as little as possible to the air while under treatment. The melted
zinc runs from the iron and is collected in the manner hereinafter explained.
The furnace I prefer to employ is a reverberatory furnace. The bed of the
furnace on which bed the waste to be treated is placed has a series of grooves or
channels communicating with a middle opening in the said bed through which
opening the melted zinc runs into ingot or other moulds or into a vessel of water.
The flame and heated air from the fire place of the furnace pass along the
reverberating arch of the furnace, the heat being radiated downwards on the said
waste without the flame coming into contact with the said waste or coming into
contact with it only to a very limited extent. By dampers or other equivalent
means the air supplied to the fire place is limited to the amount necessary for the
effectual combustion of the fuel, an excess of air being avoided so that the
atmosphere in which the melting of the zinc is effected is so deficient in oxygen
that the loss of zinc by oxidation is wholly or in great part prevented.
The chamber underneath the bed of the furnace into which chamber the melted
zinc runs through the central hole in the bed of the furnace, is shut off as far as
practicable from the atmosphere so that no oxidation of the melted zinc may take
place. The melted zinc may either be received in an open receptacle in the said
chamber or in ingot or other moulds or in a vessel of water.
The iron freed from zinc may be treated by piling or otherwise to fit it for
manufacturing purposes. The iron obtained from waste galvanized wrought iron
by my process is of good quality.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
In the accompanying drawings I have represented the improved furnaces or
heating chambers which I employ for heating the waste or scrap galvanized iron
or steel for recovering the zinc therefrom in combination with balling furnaces,
the waste heat from which is conducted to my improved scrap or waste heating
furnaces or chambers.
Figures 1 and 2 represent elevations of opposite sides of the combined balling
furnace and zinc waste or scrap heating furnace or chamber which I prefer to
employ in carrying my invention into effect; and Figure 3 represents the fire place
end of the same; Figure 4 represents the same in longitudinal section; Figure 5
represents the same in horizontal section and Figure 6 represents the same in cross
Bection taken through the zinc waste or scrap heating furnace or chamber.

page_text: The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of
the drawings.
a is the balling chamber and the fire place of the same. At the rear end of
the balling chamber a I construct the zinc waste or scrap heating furnace or
chamber. This consists of the bed c having above it a reverberating arch d forming
a prolongation of the reverberating arch of the balling chamber a. The bed c has
a series of cross grooves or channels e made in it inclining from opposite sides and
opening at their lower ends into the middla longitudinal slit or passage f. Below
the bed c of the heating furnace or chamber c, d is the zinc receiving or collecting
chambery into which the middle slit or passage of opens. The zinc coated waste
or scrap heating furnace d, c is opened and closed by the sliding door and the
zinc receiving chamber g is opened and closed by the sliding door i, the said
doors h, i being balanced by weights as represented.
The waste or scrap galvanized iron or steel having been placed on the bed o of
the beating furnace c, d and the furnace closed by the door and the under
collecting chamber g being also closed by its door i the flame and heated air on the
working of the balling furnace a pass along the reverberating arch d to the
furnace or chamber c, d, the heat being radiated downwards by the reverberating
arch d on the said waste so as to melt the zinc thereon, the flame not coming into
contact with the waste or coming into contact with it only to a very limited extent.
During the heating of the waste or scrap galvanized iron or steel on the bed c, an
excess of air is avoided in order to reduce as far as possible the loss of zinc by
oxidation. The melted zinc from the waste or scrap on the bed c passes by the
inclined grooves or chanuels e, e in the said bed to the middle opening through
which it runs into ingot or other moulds or into a vessel of water placed in the
zinc receiving under chamber g, the said chamber g being made as air tight as
possible to prevent the oxidation of the melted zinc running from the furnace c, d.
The wrought iron or steel waste or scrap from which the zinc has in this way been
recovered may be treated by piling or placed in the balling chamber a.
For the purpose of heating the freed sheet iron or steel scrap or other waste
before piling it or placing it in the balling furnace, I construct under the bed of
the balling chamber a the ovens or beating chambers k. k (see Figure 4) in which
the freed scrap or waste may be placed. These chambers are heated from the bed
of the balling chamber c and they are opened and closed for introducing the cold
scrap or waste into and removing the heated scrap or waste from them by the
hinged doors 1,1 (see Figures 1 and 5).
In place of using an open zinc scrap or waste heating chamber c, d as described
and represented, the waste or scrap galvanized iron or steel may be heated so as to
recover the zinc therefrom in a closed chamber as represented in longitudinal
section in Figure 7; horizontal section in Figure 8 and cross section in Figure 9
so that the flame and products-of-combustion from the balling chamber a cannot
come into contact with the waste under treatment in the heating chamber. The
closed heating chamber in which the waste or scrap galvanized iron or steel is
placed to melt the zinc therefrom is marked m and access to the said chamber m is
obtained by opening the sliding balanced door n. The closed chamber in is heated
by the waste heat from the balling chamber a.
The zinc scrap or waste may be placed in a perforated pan and the latter
supported upon a grating on the bottom of the chamber m. As the zinc melts it
runs through the perforated pan into the grating; but the melted zinc may be
collected in ingot or other moulds or in a vessel of water placed in the
chamber m.
Although I have described and represented my improved zinc beating furnaces
or chambers as combined with balling furnaces for utilizing the waste heat from
the said balling furnaces yet my improved heating furnaces or chambers may be
combined with puddling or mill furnaces or may be heated by independent fire
places.
The application of my invention to the treatment of galvanized cast iron differs

page_text: in no essential respect from its application to the treatment of galvanized wrought
iron and steel as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I claim as
my invention;—
The new or improved process for recovering zinc or spelter from waste galvanized
iron and steel by heating the said waste in closed or partially closed heating
chambers so as to cause the zinc to run therefrom as herein before described. the
said process being conducted by means of the furnaces and appliances hereinbetore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 28th day of December 1893.
WILLIAM HAYWARD, SENR.