IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denoon Young, of No. 144, Leadenhall Street, in
the City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE."
Sealed the 30th May 1879, and dated the 1st March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denoon Young at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1879.
CHARLES DENOON YOUNG, of 144, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ICE."
The production of ice by the evaporation of ether in vacuo, or by like process,
has now become a manufacture of the first importance. Whether used as a cooling.
diluent or applied for preserving or refrigerating edible or other substances, it is
highly desirable that the ice should be clear and free from air cells. Not only is
freedom from enclosed air desirable for appearances sake, but ice without air cells
will, as is well known, last longer upon exposure to the atmosphere or contact with
fluids or solid bodies.
Now my Invention has for its object to facilitate the producing of thick blocks of
transparent ice free from air cells; and for this purpose the machinery or apparatus
constructed under my improvements effects more thorough agitation of the water
in the tanks to be frozen into ice on the cells or their equivalents. The said
machinery or apparatus has motions of a new character for the purpose intended,
and acts on and in the water in a manner not heretofore attempted; and such
machinery or apparatus is new in construction and operation, and in part applicable
to agitating apparatus now in use.
The first part of my Invention consists in giving to the agitating (usually radial)
arms a motion of rotation on or with a shaft common to the whole or to a number
of them. The motion of rotation is imparted by driving gear from any available
power, and the arms enter and leave the water one after the other and effect the
agitation. In practice I prefer to carry or support the shaft and agitating arts in
levers free to be moved on a centre. This allows the levers, the agitating arms,
and the shaft to be raised upwards until the arms are clear of the water. A series
of shafts and arms may be used if desired, and in this case a series of carrying-or.
D 671

page_text: supporting levers would usually be employed, either free to move on a common or
on different axes, but all so arranged as to allow any tank to become the first,
intermediate, or last of the series. Other means of raising the rotating agitating
arms may be used, such as an overhead crane or like hoisting and lowering
apparatus.
Second. This consists increasing the effect of the revolving agitating arms by
attaching to such arms pendulous pieces, arms or chains, these being free to move
on joints or their equivalents in the water when the arms are moving through it
thoroughly set free the air. Such pendulous pieces, arms, or chains may be applied
with beneficial effect to agitating arms having a reciprocating or like motion given
to them.
Third. To ensure that the water in the tank to be frozen into ice blocks shall be
properly agitated at all times, both at the commencement of the formation of the
blocks and onwards until they are ready for removal from the tank, the mechanism
by which the arms are rotated and the arms themselves, or the arms and part of
the mechanism, are caused to rise gradually while the arms are still rotating. This
agitates the water in the upper parts of the tank when the space between the ice
blocks at their lower sides is not wide enough to allow the agitating arms to pass
between them. The mechanism for this purpose has radiating levers carrying the
rotating shaft and agitating arms or other rising apparatus. The rotation of the
agitating arms is usually effected by pitch chains, wire ropes, or the like, and
the gradual raising is secured by screw, winch gear, hydraulic, or other appliances.
Fourth. This part of my Invention relates to complete self-acting apparatus for
agitating the water to be frozen by rotating arms, to raising these arms gradually
for the purpose mentioned under the above third head, to apparatus for holding the
parts free from the tanks so as to allow of the removal of the ice blocks from the
tanks and for returning the working parts to position for again agitating the water.
Here the levers carry the shaft and agitating arms; the motion of the latter is by
rope, band, or gearing from a pulley or radiating lever driven by chain or rope from
the first motion shaft. The raising is effected by winding a rope, chain, or the like
on a drum ordinarily operated from the first motion shaft. When raised up suffi-
ciently the shaft and agitating arms are made to slide and rest on a carrier, so
placed that the agitating arms are clear of the tank space from which the ice has to
be taken; or they may be moved clear by and hung from an overhead crane.
To
return the parts to position for action moving gear is employed to ship the arms
and lower the whole.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denoon Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
September 1879.
CHARLES DENOON YOUNG, of 144, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ICE."
The production of ice by the evaporation of ether in vacuo, or by like processes,
has now become a manufacture of the first importance. Whether used as a cooling
diluent or applied for preserving or refrigerating edible or other substances, it is
highly desirable that the ice should be clear and free from air cells. Not only is
freedom from enclosed air desirable for appearances sake, but ice without air cells

page_text: will, as is well known, last longer upon exposure to the atmosphere or contact with
fluids or solid bodies.
Now my Invention has for its object to facilitate the producing of thick blocks
of transparent ice free from air cells, and for this purpose the machinery or
apparatus constructed under my improvements effects more thorough agitation of
the water in the tanks to be frozen into ice on the cells or their equivalents. The
said machinery or apparatus has motions of a new character for the purpose
intended, and acts on and in the water in a manner not heretofore attempted; and
such machinery or apparatus is new in construction and operation, and in part
applicable to agitating apparatus now in use.
The first part of my Invention consists in giving to the agitating (usually radia!)
arms a motion of rotation on or with a shaft common to the whole or to a number
of them. The motion of rotation is imparted by driving gear from any available
power, and the arms enter and leave the water one after the other and effect the
agitation. In practice I prefer to carry or support the shaft and agitating arms in
levers free to be moved on a centre. This allows the levers, the agitating arms, and
the shaft to be raised upwards until the arms are clear of the water. A series of
shafts and arms may be used if desired, and in this case a series of carrying or
supporting levers would usually be employed, either free to move on a common or
on different axles, but all so arranged as to allow any tank to become the first, inter-
mediate, or last of the series. Other means of raising the rotating agitating arins
may be used, such as an overhead crane or like hoisting and lowering apparatus.
Second. This consists in increasing the effect of the revolving agitating arms by
attaching to such arms pendulous pieces, arms, or chains. These being free to
move on joints or their equivalents in the water when the arms are moving through
it thoroughly set free the air. Such pendulous pieces, arms, or chains may be
applied with beneficial effect to agitating arms having a reciprocating or like
motion given to them.
Third. To ensure that the water in the tank to be frozen into ice blocks shall be
properly agitated at all times, both at the commencement of the formation of the
blocks and onwards until they are ready for removal from the tank, the mechanism
by which the arms are rotated and the arms themselves, or the arms and part of
the mechanism, are caused to rise gradually whilst the arms are still rotating. This
agitates the water in the upper parts of the tank when the space between the ice
blocks at their lower sides is not wide enough to allow the agitating arms to pass
between them. The mechanism for this purpose has radiating levers carrying the
rotating shaft and agitating arms or other raising apparatus. The rotation of the
agitating arms is usually effected by pitch chains, wire ropes, or the like, and the
gradual raising is secured by screw, winch gear, hydraulic, or other appliances.
Fourth. This part of my Invention relates to complete self acting apparatus for
agitating the water to be frozen by rotating arms, to raising these arms gradually
for the purpose mentioned under the above third head, to apparatus for holding the
parts free from the tanks so as to allow of the removal of the ice blocks from the
tanks, and for returning the working parts to position for again agitating the water.
Here the levers carry the shaft and agitating arms; the motion of the latter is by
rope, band, or gearing from a pulley on radiating lever driven by chain or rope
from the first motion shaft; the raising is effected by winding a rope, chain, or the
like on a drum ordinarily operated from the first motion shaft. When raised up
sufficiently the shaft and agitating arms are made to slide and rest on a carrier, so
placed that the agitating arms are clear of the tank space from which the ice has to
be taken, or they may be moved clear by and hung from an overhead crane.
return the parts to position for action moving gear is employed to ship the arms
and lower the whole.
To

page_text: Under the first part, 1, 2, are radial agitating arms, secured to and receiving
motion with the shafts 3, 4. Each shaft 3, 4, carries a series of arms which agitate
the water in series of tanks 5, 6. The shafts 3, 4, are carried in bearings on the
lovers 7, 8, free to work on centres 9, 10. This arrangement allows of the agitating
arms being raised clear of the water. Instead of two levers being employed one
lever might serve to carry both of the shafts 3, 4, or both of the levers might be
supported on the same centre. Any convenient means may be employed for giving
motion to the shafts 3, 4, and for raising the arms free from the water.
Under the second part, the said radiating arms 1, 2, are fitted with or have
attached thereto pendulous pieces, arms, or chains 11 free to oscillate or vibrate
during the rotation of the carrying arms and so assist in freeing the water
from air.
Under the third part, the mechanism described under the above two parts
receives the necessary rising and falling motion so as to cause the agitating arms
to be raised out of the water, and be caused to enter the same when necessary by
means of screw, hydraulic, winch, or other gear.
Under the fourth part, the machinery or apparatus above described is further
fitted and actuated as follows:-The centres 9, 10, of the levers 7, 8, are secured to
the radius rods 12, 13, working on centres 14, 15. This arrangement allows of the
levers and shafts (after they have been raised the required height to free the
agitating arms from the water) being moved into the position shown at 3, where
the shaft rests on the framework 16. Motion is given to the arms by means of the
rope or chain 17, operated by drum or pulley 18. The raising and lowering of the
levers is effected by the gearing and ropes or chains 19, 20.
The slots 21 in the framework serve to guide the levers and shafts during the up
and down motions.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of machinery or apparatus under my Invention in which
overhead gear is employed. Here the front ends of the levers are supported in
slots carried by the travelling frameworks 22. One lever, shaft, and arms is shown
in agitating position, and the other lever, shaft, and arms free from the tank.
Having now described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention in such
manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into effect, I
claim,―
Machinery or apparatus constructed, combined, arranged, and operating sub-
stantially as herein specified for the purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denoon Young, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
D
VOING (ra)