IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-FOWER ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM, AIB, OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUID
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Doctor of Laws, for the
Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-FOWER ENGINES TO BE WORKED
BY STEAM, AIB, OR OTHER ELASTIC FLUID."-A communication from
abroad by George Jeffards Wardwell, of Rutland, Vermont, United
States of America, Mechanic.
Scaled the 19th February 1875, and dated the 30th December 1874.
5
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Polition and
Declaration, on the 30th December 1874, pursuant to the 9th
Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, .1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," Southampton Build-
ings, London, Doctor of Laws, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES TO BE WORKED BY STEAM, AIR, OR OTHER ELASTIC

page_text: Figure 1 is a side elevation of a horizontal cross head engine con-
structed with these improvements; Figure 2 is a top view, and Figure 3
a horizontal section of the same.

page_text: cut in it longitudinally or circumferentially, except that at diametrically
opposite points inidway of its length and on a plano with its longitudinal
axis an inlet port a and an exhaust port a' are cut through hubs or:
This
boxes a³, a³, cast on the cylinder, as shown in the Drawing.
cylinder has the usual screw lichids or end plates and stuffing boxes;
C is the piston proper of the engine. This is of a length a little greater
than one half the length of the cylinder, and is turned perfectly true
to fit the cylinder snugly at all points, except where the passages are
formed in its periphery. It is connected to its rod D in the usual or any
suitable manner; b, b', are curvilinear working steam passages formed
in the periphery of one side of the piston. The passage & receives steam
to move the piston inward, and the passage b' receives steam to move
the piston outward. The passage 6 is commenced near the outer end
of the piston, and the passage b' near the inner end of the piston, and
cach is continued out entirely to the respective ends of the piston. Those
passages for about one half (more or less) of their length are enclosed,
and along the other portion they are open grooves. These passagos
are so curved or shaped, as represented, that they keep in range with
the induction port a, that is to say, one comes into range therewith just
as the other moves out of range, there being a little "lead" given to
cach in order to ensure a perfect operation. The partial enclosing of
the ports, as at ʊ³, b³, ensures the cutting off of the steam when the
points b³, ³, pass by the induction port, and thus the steam is worked
on the expansion during the remainder of the stroke both in the in and
outward motions of the piston; d, d', are exhaust passages on the
opposite side of the piston. These passages are so curved and shaped, as
represented, that they respectively keep in range with the exhaust port
of the cylinder during the in and outward strokes of the piston, that is
to say, one comes into range therewith just as the other passes out of
range. These exhaust passages are simply open grooves along their
whole length, and they commence near the ends of the piston and
continue entirely out to and through the opposite ends, as shown. To
render these passages capable of operating as stated the piston must make
a vibrating circular movement in its cylinder as it moves longitudinally
therein. And to produce this movement the piston rod must be coupled
to the pitman rod, and to effect this the piston rod is extended through the
cross head E and fastened by jam nuts, which do not prevent the
piston rod from turning; and in this extended end a pin F is inserted on
quc side, and this pin is fitted in a flaring holo G cut through one of tho

page_text: side jaws of the yoke or strap of the pitman, as shown. Instead of
having the pin at the back of the cross head the strap or yoke of the
pitman may be extended forward and the hole G cut in one of the jaws
forward of the cross head, and a pin inserted into the piston rod at a
point forward of the cross head passed into the hole. And instead of a
pin a segment wheel F, Figure 8, may be confined on the rear ond of
.the piston rod and a toothed wheel G' fitted upon a shaft fastened to the
pitman. And if desired the pin may pass and work through a short
tumbling box G, Figure 9, fitted in or to one of the jaws of the strap
or yoke of the pitman. In all of these plans freedom for the parts to
accommodate themselves to the motions of the pitman when oporated by
the crank shaft H should be allowed both laterally and longitudinally.
It will be evident from an inspection of the Drawing in connection
with the foregoing description that as the crank revolves and lifts and
lowers the pitman, as illustrated in Figure 5, the pin F, if that be the
device used, will be raised and lowered, and consequently the piston rod
and the piston will be caused to vibrate as they move in and out within
the cylinder of the engine. This vibration of the piston causes the
respective passages of the piston to come at proper times into range
with the inlet and exhaust ports of the cylinder, in which range they
keep by reason of their shape corresponding with the movements
imparted to the piston by the combined action of the crank shaft,
pitman, and coupling device.
The coupling pin, shown in Figure 7, moves in the arc of a circle in
a vertical plane as the pitman moves from the position shown in full
lincs in Figure 5 to the position shown in dotted lines in the same
Figure, and there is a loose gliding of the pin over the inner edge of
the flaring hole G, through which it is passed during the movement
mentioned. To avoid having the pin fitted so loosely it may be passed
snugly through the vertically rolling and longitudinally sliding box G³,
Figure 9, and this rolling and sliding box will accommodate itself to the
motions imparted to the pin. The modification of the coupling, shown
by Figure 8, is operated by the wheel G' gearing with the segment F
as the pitman moves in the arc of a circle, as illustrated in Figure 5.
The operation of the piston is as follows:-The said piston being in
the position shown in Figure 3 the receiving passage for the back stroke
is in range with the steam inlet port, and the exhaust passage for the

page_text: forward stroko is in range with the exhaust port; the inflowing steam
passes to the forward end of the piston and moves the piston to the
opposite end of the cylinder, the exhaust steam passing off during this
movement, and while this movement is taking place a portion of the livo
steam has passed into the open end of the channel on the opposite side
of the piston and acted as a balance to the pressure of the steam in the
receiving passage during said movement, and further during this move-
ment the cut off formed by the portions ³, b³, of the circumference of
the piston which partly enclose the working passages closes the inlet
port and causes steam in the passages to work on the expansion during
any desired portion of the stroke.
From the beginning of the back movement the piston has a gradual
circular movement imparted to it, which keeps the receiving and exhaust
passages in working range with the inlet and outlet ports, and by the
time the stroke. is completed the piston is turned enough to move the
passages for the back stroke out of range and bring the receiving and
exhausting passages for the forward stroke in range with the said ports;
the forward stroke is produced in precisely the same manner as the back
stroke, all the operations of the parts being the same, except that the
direction of the moving parts and of the inflowing steam is reversed.
A, part 2, represents the frame of the oscillating engine cast in two
upright circular parts with openings through it for making it light and
giving access to its interior, wherein the working parts of the engine
are arranged. The lower part has a broad base flange, and the upper
part has a flango at its base by which it is bolted to the lower part.
Any other style of frame may be adopted, but the one shown is light,
strong, and cheap.
B is the oscillating cylinder hung by its hollow journals a, a, in boxes
upon the top of the frame, so that about one half of its length extends
down into the frame. This cylinder is like that of the cross head
engine, having the receiving passage a' and the exhaust passage aª
through its journals a, a; these passages are elongated and narrowed
to match the width of the steam passages in the periphery of the piston
as they approach the interior circumference of the cylinder, and also in
order that the discharging end thereof shall be equal to the capacity of
the receiving end; C is the piston, which is also like the piston of the
cross head engine, having on one side reverse acting receiving passages

page_text: d, d', of about the curvilinear shape represented, and on the opposite
sido reverse acting exhaust passages d³, d³.
The receiving and exhaust passages in the piston of the oscillating
engine are the same in construction and arrangement as those in the
piston of the cross head engine, and in both classes of engines these
passages are so arranged that they work in pairs, that is to say, one
receiving and one exhaust passage constitute a pair; and the steam
acts on both sides of the piston simultaneously for the purpose of
balancing the piston, and yet only one of the receiving passages of the
respective pairs is at the same moment in direct communication with
the steam inlet port; and during the strokes of the piston the tubular
portions of the receiving passages cause the steam according to their
length to be cut off at the time the points 6³ pass the inlet port, and the
steam to be worked on the expansion during the last part of the in or
the out stroke of the piston.
To effect the desired movement of the piston of the oscillating engine
the piston is connected to a crank shaft D by its rod E, and for making
this connection I employ a strap-or box F, F, made of two halves, and in
the upper part of these halves semicircular bearing or box seats e, e, are
formed for the lower end of the piston rod to fit and turn in; below
these seats a transverse passage f is made through each of the picces in
order to accommodate an enlargement g of the end of the rod, and below
this passage semicircular bearing scats h, h, for the crank of the shaft
are made transversely through the pieces F, F, as shown.
The pieces F, F, are placed laterally against the crank wrist between
the crank arms and against the piston rod above its enlarged end, and
clamped loosely upon the same by bolts or screws. The connection thus
made produces an oscillation and reciprocation of the piston; to turn
the piston during these movements a coupling rod G standing at right
angles to the piston rod is firmly fastened by an eye piece to the piston
rod, and this rod G is passed loosely through an eye of a vertically sliding
pieco H, which is fitted loosely by an eye over a vertical rod I rigidly
connected to the frame A, as shown. By this coupling contrivance,
which may be varied in its construction and arrangement without
departing from this Invention, the piston rod and piston are vibrated
circularly during the oscillating movements of the piston and cylinder,
and thus the passages of the piston are brought properly in range with

page_text: unc miet and exhaust ports Doune in and out SMOKES OF
piston.
I may use either steam, air, gas, or other known practical clastic
agents for working these engines, and therefore do not confine myself
to the use of steam.
Having thus fully decribed the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. A cross head engine having a piston which turns partly around
in opposite directions in its cylinder, and is furnished with curvilinear 1
receiving and exhausting passages in its periphery, provided with
mechanism between the pitman of a crank shaft and the piston rod for
vibrating the piston while it is being reciprocated lengthwise of the
cylinder, as hercin specified, and for the purpose described.
Second. A device G, F, or equivalent device, between a circularly 1
vibrating piston rod and a pitman, which is attached to a crank shaft,
or an eccentric of a shaft, or the equivalent thereof, as herein specified
and for the purposc described.
Third. The piston, having its rod passed loosely through the cross
head, or equivalent device, and connected to the same, so as to turn 2
therein in the manner and for the purpose described.
Fourth. The piston for a cross head or oscillating engine constructed
with exhaust passages, which are fully open during the whole stroke of
the engine, and with receiving passages, which are partly closed; both
sets of said passages being open to the steam which may be in the steam 2
cylinder for the purposes of effecting a cut-off and working of the
steam on the expansion, and also a balancing of the piston, as above
`described.
Fifth. An oscillating engine having a piston which turns partly
around in opposite directions in its cylinder and is furnished with 3
curvilinear receiving and exhausting passages in its periphery, provided
with mechanism between the crank shaft, or an eccentric on a shaft, for
vibrating the piston during the oscillating movement of the steam
cylinder and the inward and outward movements of the piston, as above
specified, and for the purpose described,
8

page_text: Sixth. The device G, H, I, or equivalent device, applied for turning
the piston partly around in opposite directions in its cylinder while the
piston is moving in and outward and the cylinder is being oscillated, as
above specified, and for the purpose described.
Seventh. The box or connection F, F, between the crank shaft and
the piston rod, constructed as above specified, and for the purpose
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
Witness,
H. J. NOONE.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)