Improvements in Cones for Forming Hat Bodies.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 4th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 1st Dec., 1891-Accepted, 2nd Jan., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cones for Forming Hat Bodies.
I, BENJAMIN JAMES Brown Junior, of 44 to 52 Kosciusko Street, Brooklyn,
in the County of Kings, and State of New York, United States of America, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improvement in cones for forming hat bodies from
fur, wool, or a mixture with either as an element, or any equivalent material; and
the invention has for its object to dispense with a brim board of any description or
any like appliance employed as an adjunct to regulate the suction and to provide a
cone by which, when suction is applied and material fed thereto, the said material
will be distributed in such manner as to produce a hat body having a brim section
of a uniform and greater thickness than the crown section, the thickness of the
latter being also uniform, and also to cause the brim section to gradually taper off
into the crown section, or to produce any desired difference in thickness in any
portion of the hat body. A further object of the invention is to so construct the cone
that each hat body formed thereon will be of the same thickness in its several
parts, making a duplicate of each other. The prime object of the invention may
be said to consist in so constructing a cone that the percentage of air passing
through the cone will vary at different points upon its surface whereby hat bodies
may be made thereon in exact duplicate and whereby also the material may be
more or less thick upon pre-determined surface sections of the cone.
The
The cone may be constructed of any desired material, but metal is preferably
employed, and the entire surface, except a narrow portion, of the cone is perforated,
the perforations at the base being larger and more closely grouped than those at
the centre and at the top, the perforations at the upper portion of the cone being
smallest, while the central perforations vary in size between the upper and the
lower perforations. A. cone, thus apertured, may be said to consist of three belts
of perforations, the lower belt being of sufficient width to form the brim section of
the hat body, the size of the upper belt essentially corresponding to that of the
crown section of the body while the intermediate belt is quite narrow.
perforations in the lower belt, for example, are placed about eighty-one to
the square inch and the diameters of the perforations may be about seventy-eight
thousandths of an inch. The diameters of the upper perforations may be about
fifty-seven thousandths of an inch and they may be arranged about seventy-two to
the square inch;
and the perforations of the central belt may be graduated so as
to connect the upper and lower belts and prevent a ridge being formed in the hat
body. With such a cone it is evident that, suction being applied to it in the usual
manner and the fur, wool, or other material, allowed to fly around the cone, a
greater quantity of material will adhere to the lower belt of the cone than to the
upper belt as the perforations therein are so much larger and they are more closely
grouped. It is also evident that each hat body formed upon the cone will be of
uniforin thickness in its several parts, which, under the present system of forming
hat bodies, is a result almost impossible to attain. It is obvious that the belts or
lines of perforations may be so arranged as to vary the percentage of air passing
through the cone in a manner to vary the thickness of the hat body being formed
at any desired point or points, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
The perforations in the cone may, however, be of the same diameter throughout,
the perforations near the base being more closely grouped than are those at the
centre and above the centre. The perforations are, by reason of this grouping,
formed also in belts, the lower belt comprising the lowest closely-grouped perfora-
tions, the upper belt the uppermost perforations which are more scattered than are

page_text: those at the base, and the intermediate belt the perforations of which are spaced a
sufficient distance to gradually cause said belt to merge into the formation of the
upper belt. In this style of cone, the lowest belt is of a width only to form the
brim portion of the hat body; the size of the uppermost belt usually corresponds
to the crown section of the hat body; and the intermediate belt is quite narrow,
being adapted to cause a gradual taper in the hat body while being formed at the
junction of the brim section with the crown section. The diameter of the apertures
employed in this latter form of cone is, for instance, about forty-five thousandths
of an inch and the said apertures in the lower belt are grouped so that about two-
hundred and twenty-five of them are produced in a square inch. The apertures in
the uppermost belt are so arranged that about one-hundred and thirteen of them
are contained in a square inch; and the apertures in the intermediate belt are so
placed that about one-hundred and sixty-nine of them are grouped in a square
inch. When a cone is constructed in this manner and suction applied, the fur
flying around the cone will adhere in much greater thickness to the lower belt, as
the suction is greater at that point, than at either the intermediate belt or the
uppermost one, and more material will adhere proportionately to the intermediate
belt than to the uppermost one.
The size of the apertures in the cone and the grouping of said apertures may be
varied as required for the proper formation of different styles of hat bodies, the
invention consisting primarily in controlling, by the formation of the cone itself,
the percentage of air which is to pass through the cone at two or more adjacent or
distant surface points or sections, for the purpose of producing hat bodies of
varying thickness.
Dated this 4th day of June 1891.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cones for Forming Hat Bodies.
I, BENJAMIN JAMES BROWN Junior, of 44 to 52, Kosciusko Street, Brooklyn
in the County of Kings, and State of New York, United States of America, Hat
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My invention relates to an improvement in cones for forming hat bodies from
fur wool or a mixture with either as an element or any equivalent material; and
the invention has for its object to dispense with a brim board of any description or
any like appliance employed as an adjunct to regulate the suction and to provide a
cone by which when motion is applied and material fed thereto the said material
will be distributed in such manner as to produce a hat body having a brim section
of a uniform and greater thickness than the crown section, the thickness of the
latter being also uniform, and also to cause the brim section to gradually taper off
into the crown section or to produce any desired difference in thickness in any
portion of the hat body. A further object of the invention is to so construct the
cone that cach hat body formed thereon will be of the same thickness in its several
parts, making a duplicate of each other. The prime object of the invention may
be said to consist in so constructing a cone that the percentage of air passing
through the cone will vary at different points upon its surface, whereby hat bodies
may be made thereon in exact duplicate and whereby also the material may be
more or less thick upon pre-determined surface sections of the conc.
The invention consists in the novel construction and combination of the several
parts as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the claims,

page_text: Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, in which
Figure 1 represents the entire cone in dotted lines, a vertical section of the cone
being illustrated in full lines, and
Figure 2 is a slight modification of the conc.
Similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in both
views.
narrow
The
The cone may be constructed of any desired material but metal is preferably
employed and the entire surface of the cone is perforated except a
portion 10. With reference to Figure the perforations 11 at the base are of
greater diameter and are more closely grouped than those at the centre and at the
top. The perforations 12 at the upper portion of the cone are smallest in diameter
and the central perforations 13 vary in size between the upper and the lower
perforations. A cone thus apertured may be said to consist of three belts of
perforations A. B and C, the lower belt A being of sufficient width to form the
brim section of the hat body, the size of the upper belt C essentially corresponds
to that of the crown section of the body, and the belt B is quite narrow.
perforations in the lower belt A for example are placed about eighty-one to the
square inch and the diameters of the perforations may be about seventy-eight
thousandths of an inch. The diameters of the upper perforations may be about
fifty-seven thousandths of an inch and they may be arranged about seventy-two to
the square inch, and the perforations of the central belt B are shewn graduated so
as to connect the upper and lower belts and prevent a ridge being formed in the
hat body. When a cone is thus produced it is evident that suction being applied
to it in the usual manner and the fur, wool, or other material allowed to fly around
the cone, a greater quantity of material will adhere to the belt A of the cone than
to the upper belt C as the perforations therein are so much larger and they are
more closely grouped. It is also evident that each hat body formed upon the cone
will be of uniform thickness in its several parts which under the present system of
forming hat bodies is a result almost impossible to attain.
It is obvious that the belts or lines of perforations may be graded to vary the
percentage of air passing through the cone in a manner to vary the thickness of
the hat body being formed at any desired point or points without departing from
the spirit of the invention.
With reference to the construction shewn in Figure 2, which is designed to
produce a hat body similar to that formed upon the cone shewn in Figure 1, the
perforations in the cone are of the same diameter throughout but the perforations
near the base are more closely grouped than are those at the centre and above the
centre. The perforations are by reason of this grouping formed also in belts
designated as A' B' and C₁ corresponding to the belts illustrated in Figure 1.
The belt A comprises the lowest closely grouped perforations 11, the belt C¹ the
uppermost perforations 12ª which are more scattered than are those at the base,
and the intermediate belt B' is represented by the perforations 13 which are
spaced a sufficient distance to gradually cause the belt B₁ to merge into the formation
of the belt C. In this style of cone the lowest belt A' is of a width only to
form the brim portion of the hat body, the size of the uppermost belt Cusually
corresponds to the crown section of the hat body and the intermediate belt B¹ is
quite narrow being adapted to cause a gradual taper in the hat body while being
formed at the junction of the brim section with the crown section. The diameter
of the apertures employed in this latter form of conc is, for instance, about forty-
five thousandths of an inch and the said apertures in the belt A' are grouped so
that about two-hundred and twenty-five of them are produced in a square inch.
The apertures in the uppermost belt C' are so arranged that about one hundred
and thirteen of them are contained in a square inch and the apertures in the
intermediate belt B are so placed that about one hundred and sixty-nine of them
are grouped in a square inch. It will be observed that when a cone is constructed
in this manner and suction is applied, the fur flying around the cone will adhere

page_text: in much greater thickness to the belt A' as the suction is greater at that point
than at either the intermediate belt or the uppermost one and more material will
adhere proportionately to the intermediate belt than to the uppermost one.
I desire it to be distinctly understood that the size of the apertures in the cone
or the grouping of said apertures may be varied as required for the proper formation
of different styles of hat bodies and that as heretofore stated the invention consists
primarily in controlling by the formation of the cone itself, the percentage of air
which is to pass through the cone at two or more adjacent or distant surface points
or sections, for the purpose of producing hat bodies of varying thickness.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. A cone for forming hat bodies, having perforations therein so arranged that
the material clinging to the cone will be graduated in thickness.
2. A cone for forming hat bodies, having its perforations so arranged or formed
that, the percentage of air passing through the cone will vary at different points
upon its surface.
3. A cone for forming hat bodies provided with perforations of different diameters
so arranged as to regulate the suction and form a hat body thicker at one portion
than at other portions, as and for the purpose specified.
4. A cone for forming hat bodies, having the perforations therein made of
different diameters or differently grouped or both, for the purposes set forth.
5. A cone for forming hat bodies, having perforations therein arranged in belts,
the perforations in each belt being of a different diameter or grouping or both, for
the purpose specified.
6. A cone for forming hat bodies, having perforations therein grouped in greater
numbers to the square inch at one portion than at another, as and for the purpose
specified.
7. A cone for forming hat bodies, having the greatest number of perforations
grouped at its base, as and for the purpose set forth.
8. A cone for forming hat bodies, the perforations of which are graded in
diameter being largest at its base and smallest at its top, as and for the purpose
set forth.
9. A cone for forming hat bodies having a greater combined area of openings
at its base than at any other portion of the structure, as and for the purpose
set forth.
10. A cone for forming hat bodies, having its perforations of essentially the
same diameter and arranged to control the thickness of fur on any two or more
portions or spaces of the cone, as and for the purpose specified.
11. A cone for forming hat bodies, provided with perforations of essentially
equal diameter, the said perforations being more closely grouped at the base than
at the centre and upper portions of the cone, as and for the purpose specified.
12. A cone for forming hat bodies, provided with perforations of essentially
the same diameter, the said perforations being arranged in a base belt, an inter-
mediate belt, and an upper belt, the perforations in the base belt being arranged in
greater number to the square inch than are those of the intermediate belt, and the
perforations in the intermediate belt being arranged in greater number to the
square inch than are the perforations in the upper belt, as and for the purpose
specified.
Dated this 1st day of Deconstion 1801
B. J. BROWN.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.