Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 26th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted. 2nd Mar., 1889
the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of candles and to holders or candlesticks
therefor.
Heretofore candles have been made solid with one or more wicks consisting of
threads spun or twisted together or woven or plaited into the form of narrow strips.
Now I have discovered that by making candles hollow or tubular and providing them
with wicks which are annular in transverse section, I can greatly increase the illumi-
nating power thereof as compared with the ordinary solid candles.
The main feature of my said invention, therefore, is the manufacture of a hollow or
tubular candle, that is to say, a candle having a tubular wick with wax,
tallow or
similar material on the inside and on the outside thereof, and having a clear passage
extending longitudinally through it so that air can pass freely to the interior of the
flame. By making a candle in this manner, I greatly increase the size of the flame as
compared with that of an ordinary candle, and I provide for the supply of air to the interior
as well as to the exterior of the flame as in an argand-burner, thus ensuring more
complete combustion than heretofore and the production of a white light. The wick is
made circular, oval, square or of other suitable shape in trausverse section.
When my improved candle is to be used in a holder provided with a spring for
feeding the candle up as it is consumed, as in carriage and other lamps, I provide an
annular plate or ring between the spring and the candle, for supporting the candle
upon the spring whilst permitting access for the air to the interior of the flame. I
prefer, inoreover, to provide the said annular plate or ring with a tubular projection
adapted to fit into the lower end of the hollow candle and thus prevent lateral displace-
ment of the said plate or ring relatively to the candle.

page_text: When my improved candle is to be used with a candlestick, I provide the latter
with suitable holes or passages to admit air beneath the candle so that it may pass
upward through the same.
I prefer to provide the holder or candlestick with a glass-chimney beneath which
are a series of perforations or apertures for the admission of air to the exterior of the
ame.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Candles and in Holders or
Candlesticks therefor.
I, RUTH Cox, of 7 Maize Hill, Greenwich, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of candles and to holders or candlesticks
therefor.
Heretofore candles have usually been made solid with one or more wicks consisting
of threads spun or twisted together or woven or plaited into the form of solid narrow
strips. Now I have discovered that, by making candles hollow or tubular and pro-
viding them with wicks which are annular in transverse section, I can greatly increase
the illuminating power thereof as compared with the ordinary solid candles.
The main feature of my said invention, therefore, is the manufacture of a hollow or
tubular candle, that is to say, a candle having a tubular wick enclosed in wax, tallow
or similar material, and having a clear passage extending longitudinally through it so
that air can pass freely to the interior of the flame. By making a candle in this
manner, I greatly increase the size of the flame as compared with that of an ordinary
candle, and I provide for the supply of air to the interior as well as to the exterior of
the flame, as in an argand-burner, thus ensuring more complete combustion than here-
tofore and the production of a white light. The tubular wick is made circular, oval,
square or of other suitable shape in transverse section.
When my improved candle is to be used in a holder provided with a spring for

page_text: feeding the candle up as it is consumed, as in carriage and other hamps, I provide
between the spring and the candle an annular plate or ring for supporting the said
candle upon the spring whilst permitting access for the air to the interior of the flame.
I sometimes provide the said annular plate or ring with a tubular projection adapted
to fit into the lower end of the hollow candle and thus prevent lateral displacement of
the said plate or ring relatively to the candle. Or I provide the holder with a central
tube on which the candle is to be placed when inserted in the holder and which will
extend through the candle from end to end thereof.
In making a holder or candlestick for use with my improved candle, I provide the
said hokler or candlestick with suitable holes or passages to admit air beneath the
candle so that it may pass upward through the same.
If desired, I provide the holder or candlestick with a glass chimney and with a
support therefor in which are formed a series of perforations or apertures for the
admission of air to the exterior of the flame.
In the accompanying drawing I have shown one form of my improved candle
and a holder or candlestick therefor.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section, and
Figure 2 a plan or top view of the said candle.
Figure 3 is a vertical central section of the said holder or candlestick, the internal
air-tube and spring being shown in side elevation.
A is the body of the candle, which may be of wax, tallow or other suitable material.
B is the hollow or tubular wick, which is shown circular, but which may, as above
stated, be of other suitable shape in transverse section. C is the holder or candlestick,
which is provided with an annular support D for the candle, mounted upon a spring E
for feeding the said candle up as the latter is consumed. This spring rests upon a
disc or annular plate C¹ firmly secured in any convenient manner in the body of the
holder C and having fixed therein a tube 1, on which the annular support D is
arranged to slide up and down. G, G are holes formed in the base of the candlestick
for the admission of air to the interior of the flame through the tube F. H is a cap of
any suitable construction, which is fastened or secured upon the top of the holder C
by a bayonet-joint or otherwise, and which holds down the candle against the pressure
of the spring E.
The hollow or tubular candle A is placed in the holder C and upon the said tube F,
which should extend a short distance above the top of the cap H to prevent the flow of
the melted wax or composition into the said tube.
In some cases, I dispense with the central tube F and merely attach a short tube to
the annular support D; this tube extends a short distance into the tubular candle and
prevents lateral displacement of the said support relatively to the candle.
The holder or candlestick is, if desired, provided with means for holding a glass
chimney for steadying the light; suitable perforations or apertures being left beneath
the said chimney for supplying air to the exterior of the flame.
In making a candle according to my invention, I take a hollow or tubular wick and
place the same, with a metal rod passed through it, in a suitable mould. I then pour
melted wax or other composition around it in the said mould.
The hollow wick may, if desired, be formed from a flat wick by suitably curving
the same. I prefer, however, to employ a wick woven in the form of a tube.
It is obvious that my improved candle may be used in an ordinary candlestick,
provided that apertures be formed in the lower part of the said candlestick for the
admission of air to the interior of the candle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood that
I claim :-
First A candle of wax, tallow or similar material made with a clear passage
through the same substantially as, and for the purpose above specified.
Second-The manufacture of a candle with a tubular wick surrounded by or
enclosed in wax, tallow or similar material substantially as hereinbefore described.

page_text: Third A candlestick or holder which is provided with a spring for feeding the
candle upward as it is consumed and wherein provision is made for the admission of
air to the interior of the candle for the purpose above specified.
Fourth The improved candlestick or holder constructed with the central tube, and
the perforated base, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying
drawing and for the purposes above specified.