IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND MACHINE TOOLS FOR GRINDING OR FINISHING METALLIC SURFACES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Baird Handyside and Louis Sterne, both of the
Crown Iron Works, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engi-
neers, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND MACHINE TOOLS
FOR GRINDING OR FINISHING METALLIC SURFACES."
Sealed the 28th March 1877, and dated the 11th January 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Baird Handyside and
Louis Sterne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th
January 1877.
JAMES BAIRD HANDYSIDE and LOUIS STERNE, both of the Crown Iron Works,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WHEELS AND MACHINE TOOLS FOR GRINDING OR FINISHING METALLIC SUR-
FACES."
This Invention relates to the constructing of grinding wheels of consolidated
emery or other similar compound in an improved manner, and so that the emery
rings or discs cannot fly off in case of breakage, whilst they may be built up of
segments.
The Invention also comprises improvements in machine tools constructed for
applying emery or similar wheels in grinding or finishing metallic surfaces.
The improvements in grinding wheels consist mainly in moulding or otherwise
shaping entire or segmental rings or annular discs of consolidated emery or the like,
so as to present a dovetailed section at their inner parts. The metal centre of the
wheel may be made with a counterpart dovetailed flange at one side of its rim, a
similarly flanged ring being bolted to the other side after the emery or other ring is
placed in position; or the metal centre of the wheel may consist of two similar discs
with edges inclined inwards towards each other, and shaped to fit the dovetailed
parts of the emery or grinding ring. The two discs are bolted together with the
emery ring between them.
In another modification the ring of consolidated emery or other grinding com-
pound is held by means of dovetailed or equivalent projections so as to project
cylindrically in order to operate with an edge or narrow surface, which is at right
angles to the spindle.
In one modification of the improved machine tool a central vertical shaft, sup-

page_text: ported by a suitable framing and driven by bevil gear from a horizontal shaft, has
on it two horizontal wheels formed or, fixed on a tubular piece connected to the
vertical shaft by one or more keys and slots or grooves, so as to be movable ver-
tically whilst turned by the shaft. The lower horizontal wheel has fitted into an
annular groove formed in it a ring of consolidated emery or other grinding com-
pound, which may be made up of segments, and which operates by its upper flat
side upon the under surfaces of metal articles (such, for example, as smoothing irons)
held upon it. Holders for such metal articles may be fixed at any convenient
intervals round the machine, and are contrived so that a slow reciprocating radial
movement is imparted to the articles in order to equalise the grinding action.
On the outer edge of the wheel there is fixed (by preference in the improved
manner herein-before described) in one or more pieces a ring of consolidated emery
or other grinding compound, the cylindrical surface of which operates on metal
articles presented to it by suitable holders.
The tubular piece carrying the two horizontal wheels is made to move slowly up
and down by means of a counterbalanced lever connected to a revolving crank or
eccentric, which is driven by worm wheel gearing, and the vertical motion thus
obtained causes the outer emery or grinding ring to act equally and produce vertical
surfaces on the articles presented to it. The vertical motion may also be made to
produce the radial motion of the articles presented to the inner emery or grinding
ring by arranging fixed inclined guides to act on pins or blocks attached to the
holders as these move with the wheels.
The upper horizontal wheel is fitted with buffing surfaces for polishing articles
presented to them in the same manner as to the emery rings below.
Instead of the horizontal wheels being moved slowly up and down, such motion
may be imparted to frames having the holders attached to them.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Baird Handyside and Louis Sterne in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 9th July 1877.
JAMES BAIRD HANDYSIDE and LOUIS STERNE, both of the Crown Iron Works,
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS
AND MACHINE TOOLS FOR GRINDING OR FINISHING METALLIC SURFACES."
Our said Invention relates to the constructing of grinding wheels of consolidated
emery or other similar compound in an improved manner, and so that the emery
rings or discs cannot fly off in case of breakage, whilst they may be built up of
segments.
Our Invention also comprises improvements in machine tools constructed for
applying emery or similar wheels in grinding or finishing metallic surfaces.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same may
be properly understood, we hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory Drawings to
be herein-after referred to, and representing examples of our improved arrangements.
In these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like
parts wherever they are repeated.
Our improvements in grinding wheels consist mainly in moulding or otherwise
shaping entire or segmental rings or annular discs of consolidated emery or the like,
so as to present a dovetailed section at their inner parts. The metal centre of the
wheel may be made with a counterpart dovetailed flange at one side of its rim, a
similarly flanged ring being bolted to the other side after the emery or other grinding
ring is placed in position; or the metal centre of the wheel may be made as shown
in Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, these Figures being
a face view and a section. The metal centre consists of two similar discs 1, 2, made

page_text: with their outer edges 3, 4, inclining inwards towards each other, and shaped to fit
the dovetailed parts of the emery or other grinding ring 5. The two discs 1, 2, are
fixed togethether by bolts 6, so as to grip the grinding ring 5 between them.
In Figure 1 the emery or other grinding ring 5 is represented as in one piece,
whilst Figure 3 is a face view of a modification in which it consists of a number of
small segments, and it may consist of any convenient number of segments.
In another modification the ring of consolidated emery or other grinding com-
pound is held by means of dovetailed or equivalent projections so as to project
cylindrically in order to operate with an edge or narrow surface, which is at right
angles to the spindle.
A modification of our improved machine tool is shown on Sheet 2 of the accom-
panying Drawings, Figure 4 being a vertical section, and Figure 5 a horizontal
section. The framing of this machine comprises a bed plate 7, having bolted to it
four standards 8, to which are bolted two horizontal wheel-shaped frames 9, 10. A
central vertical shaft 11 is held in central bearings in the horizontal frames 9, 10,
and is supported in a movable foot-step bearing 12, held in a box 13 formed on a
casting bolted to the middle of the bed plate 7. The central shaft 11 might be
driven by means of bevil gearing, but we now prefer to drive it by means of a belt
acting on a pulley 14 fixed on the lower part of it, this driving arrangement admitting
of a vertical movement of the shaft without complicated details. On the shaft 11
there are fixed two horizontal wheels 15, 16; and the lower one 15 has fitted into
an annular groove formed on its upper side a ring 17 of consolidated emery or
other grinding compound, which may be made up of segments, and which operates
by its upper flat side upon the under surfaces of metal articles (such, for example,
as smoothing -irons) 18, held upon it. Holders 19 for such articles may be fixed at
any convenient intervals round the machine, and are contrived so that a slow reci-
procating radial movement is imparted to the articles in order to equalise the grinding
"action.
On the outer edge of the wheel 15 there is fixed (by preference in the improved
manner herein-before described) in one or more pieces a ring 5 of consolidated emery
or other grinding compound, the cylindrical surface of which operates on metal
articles 20 presented to it by suitable holders 21. The grinding ring 5 is in the
example shown in Figure 5 held by means of its inner dovetailed part between a
flange 3 formed on the wheel and a ring 4 fixed to the wheel by bolts 6, the inner
faces of the flange 3 and ring 4 being formed with counterpart dovetailed grooves to
fit the grinding ring 5.
The shaft 11 carrying the two horizontal wheels 15, 16, is made to move slowly
up and down by means of a lever 22, which acts on the foot-step bearing 12, and
which is connected by a rod 23 to a revolving crank or eccentric 24, driven by
worm wheel gearing 25, and the weight of the shaft 11 and parts carried by it is
partly counterbalanced by a weight 26 acting on a lever 27, also connected to the
foot-step bearing 12. The vertical motion of the shaft 11 and wheel 15 causes the
outer grinding ring 5 to act equally and produce vertical surfaces on the articles 20
presented to it, the holders 21 of these articles being jointed to brackets 28 fixed to
the standards 8 so as to present the articles to the grinding surface at a suitable
inclination and with a suitable pressure. The vertical motion of the shaft 11 is also
made to produce the radial motion of the articles 18 presented to the inner grinding
ring 17 by means of inclined guides 29 adjustably fixed to brackets 30, and arranged
to act on pins or blocks attached to the holders 19 as these holders move up and.
down with the wheel 15; these holders 19 are radial arms, the inner ends of which
are fitted to slide in socket pieces 31 jointed to radially flanged rings 32 resting
loosely on the wheel boss, and they have weighted levers 33 jointed to them and
arranged to bear upon the irons or other articles 18 to press them sufficiently down
on the grinding ring 17.
The upper horizontal wheel 16 is fitted with buffing surfaces 34, 35, for polishing
articles 181, 20¹, presented to them, the holders for these and parts in connection
'

page_text: being similar to those below, and marked with the same reference numerals, but
distinguished by accents..
Instead of the horizontal wheels 15, 16; being moved slowly up and down, such
motion may be imparted to frames having the holding apparatus attached to them.
Having thus particularly described our said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, we have to state that we do not restrict ourselves to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but that what we believe to be novel and
original, and claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
1. The forming of entire or segmental rings or annular discs of consolidated emery
or other grinding compound with dovetailed parts, and the making of the metal
centres or wheels with counterpart dovetail parts, substantially as and for the pur-
poses herein-before described.
2. The arranging or combining together of the parts of machine tools for
grinding or finishing metallic surfaces, substantially in the improved manner herein-
before described with reference to Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
3. The combination of a grinding wheel on a revolving vertical shaft to which
a slow up-and-down motion is imparted with stationary holders presenting articles
to a cylindrical grinding surface on the wheel, in the manner herein-before
described.
4. The combination of parts whereby a horizontal grinding surface on a wheel
fixed on a vertical shaft acts on articles held by apparatus which by means of
inclined guides and vertical motion of the wheel gives a slow radial motion to the
articles, in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Baird Handyside, on behalf of myself
and the said Louis Sterne, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JAMES B. HANDYSIDE. (L.S.)