AN IMPROVEMENT IN CON- STRUCTING APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING AIR, STEAM, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hawksley, of Bromley, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CON-
STRUCTING APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING AIR, STEAM, AND OTHER
FLUIDS."
Sealed the 3rd September 1857 and dated the 7th March 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hawksley at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1857.
I, GEORGE HAWKSLEY, of Bromley, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT IN CON_
STRUCTING APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING AIR, STEAM, AND OTHER FLUIDS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object animprovement in constructing apparatus
for heating and cooling air, steam, and other fluids. For this purpose an
apparatus is constructed by preference of a cylindrical form, though other
forms may be similarly constructed, having within it numerous tubes; and the
peculiarity of this Invention is, that the two ends of the apparatus are cast on
to the exterior chamber(whether ofa cylindrical or other form) and the several
tubes contained therein. For this purpose the exterior casing is castorformed
with external ribs or flanches at the ends,in order to assist in holding the ends
or cover when cast thereon. The several tubes which are to be contained in
the apparatus are arranged and retained at the desired distances apart when
they are introduced into the outer casing or chamber. The tubes are longer

page_text: than the external casing, in order that they may pass through the ends when
cast thereon. One end of the external case is placed into a suitable sand
mould, the ends of the tubes are filled with sand, and the melted iron is poured,
into the mould, by which the tubes and the external case will be fixed together
by a cast end. The other end is then placed in a similar mould, and the
other end or cover is cast on in a similar manner. If an external chamber
or case is not required, then the tubes are combined together by similarly
casting ends thereon, such ends being formed hollow, and suitably for having
covers fixed thereon, in order thus to form a chamber at each end of the
series of tubes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Hawksley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th September 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HAWKSLEY, of Bromley, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Hawksley, Her special licence that I, the said George
Hawksley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said George Hawksley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN CONSTRUCTING APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND COOLING AIR, STEAM
AND OTHER FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
George Hawksley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hawksley, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in constructing an appa-
ratus for heating and cooling air, steam, or other fluids, when such apparatus
consist each of a series of tubes combined together, within or around which
tubes the fluid to be heated or cooled circulate; and the Invention consists in
combining together suchtubes when suitably arranged into a series, by casting
on to them at or near each of their ends a plate of metal, and if the tubes
require to be surrounded by an external case, then these plates form the ends
of the case, and are cast on to it, as well as on to the tubes. If the apparatus
requires no external case, then to form a chamber at each end of the series
of tubes the plates may be cast with raised rims round their edges, and
such rims may be furnished with flanges suitable for receiving covering
plates.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, Iwill proceed, by reference to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, to describe the way in which I prefer to construct the apparatus.
The Drawing shows a vertical section of a mould prepared for casting one
of the end or combining plates. a, a, a, are a series of wrought-iron tubes,
closed at their ends with loam, and arranged in a vertical position, with their
ends resting on the bottom of the mould; b, b, is the external case, also of
wrought iron, and it is shown in the Drawing as of a cylindrical form, but
this may be varied at its extremity. It is furnished with an external rim or
flange c, and it is suspended over the mould, so that its end enters the mould
and approaches within a short distance of the bottom thereof. When every-
thing is thus prepared, the fluid iron is run into the mould and the plate is
formed in a similar way; another plate is cast at the other end of the tubes,
and the apparatus is then complete. In order to strengthen the end plates
I sometimes shrink hoops of wrought iron round them.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hawksley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
ALFRED HAUGHTON.
GEORGE HAWKSLEY. (L.S.)