An Improved Method of Packing Fragile and other Articles for Transport, and in the Mode of and Means for Preparing the Packing Medium.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1891-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Packing Fragile and other Articles for
Transport, and in the Mode of and Means for Preparing the
Packing Medium.
.1, ERNST AUGUST JAHNCKE, of 3ª Dorset Street, Essex Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
This invention has for its object an improved method of packing fragile and
other articles for transport, more especially applicable to the packing of articles
arranged in nests, whereby such articles can be readily and safely packed in a
simple manner, one within the other, without the use of straw, wrapping-paper, or
such like packing material; and that without fear of the articles becoming damaged
or broken during transit.
At the present time, when articles which are arranged in nests have to be packed,
it is necessary to employ some kind of packing material, such as straw, wrapping-
paper, or the like, for filling up the spaces existing between the several articles of
different sizes, and composing the nest, in order to prevent damage by reason of the
articles shaking about one within the other. Likewise, when packing articles
which are of equal size, but smaller at their bases than at their crowns, such as
drinking tumblers, and which can be placed one partly within the other, the outer
surface of one comes into contact with the inner surface of another and it oftentimes
happens that any extra pressure exerted upon such articles lengthwise will cause
several of them to be broken.
Now, for the purpose of my invention entirely dispense with the ordinary
wrapping-paper, straw, or like packing material, and employ, according to one
arrangement, rings cut from a blank of any suitable material, such for instance as
leather-board or straw-board, by means of cutting tools hereinafter more particularly
referred to.
Each of the articles to be packed, and which is to enter the other, is preferably
surrounded with two of these rings, one being located near the upper and the other
near the lower part of the article, so that when said articles are inserted one within
the other the outer circumference of such rings will come into contact with the
inner surface of the surrounding article, thereby forming distance pieces or cushions
which fill up the annular space existing between the articles composing the nest,
and effectually prevent any movement taking place.
In the case of such articles as drinking tumblers, these rings by reason of their
resilience, counteract any longitudinal pressure which may tend to force the articles
more firmly one into the other, thus preventing breakage.
Or, in the case of packing articles, such as metallic boxes for instance, where the
inner one is shorter than that containing it, I employ a ring or a short tube whose
lower edge rests upon the lid of the inner article and its upper edge against the
inner surface of the lid of the outer article.
In place of using a ring or a short tube, as just described, I may use two of the
conical rings for each article, so placed thereon that their smaller diameters face
one another, thereby preventing the articles from moving longitudinally when
arranged one within the other.
If various sized flat rings, formed by ordinary cutting tools, are employed for
packing the articles arranged in nests, the exterior diameter of one ring will be the
same as the interior diameter of the next, and it is evident that in order to suit
these rings to my purpose, it is necessary to further cut away the interior diameter

page_text: of the rings so as to render them of sufficient diameter to receive the next sized
article of the nest. This would necessitate-two-cutting operations, and would also
cause much of the material to cut to waste.
To obviate these objections, I employ cutting tools having a circular cutting edge,
and provide inside the, cutting edge a taper or conical, projection: which stands
out beyond said cutting edge, so. that. the. inner edge of the space or opening left
in the blank, after the previous cutting operation, is slightly bent over and formed
into a conical opening by the descent of the tool during the nexticutting operation.
In this way. I produce rings of the required diameter without any undue waste of
material.
Instead of making use of flat, or of conical, rings L.may employ frames of square,
triangular, or polygonal form, which may be either flat, or tapered, and the cutting
tool, together with its projection, would be shaped accordingly.
Dated this 30th day of October 1890.
ERNEST DE PASS,
78, Fleet Street, London, and 6, Victoria, Street,, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION...
An Improved Method of Packing Fragile and other Articles: for
Transport, and in the Mode of and Means for Preparing the
Packing, Medium:
I, ERNST AUGUST JAHNCKE; of 34 Dorset Street; Essex Road', in the County
of Middlesex, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described' and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being, had, to the
accompanying drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say:
This invention has for its, object an improved method of packing, fragile. and
other articles for transport, more especially applicable to, the packing, of articles
arranged 'in nests, whereby such articles can be readily and safely packed, in a
simple manner, one within the other, without the use, of, straw, wrapping-paper, or
such like packing,material, and that without fear, of the articles becoming,damaged
or broken during, transit.
At the present time when, articles which are arranged in. nests have to be packed,
it is necessary or usual, to employ some kind of packing material, such as straw,
wrapping paper, or the like, for filling up the spaces existing, between the several
articles of different sizes and composing, the nest, in order to..prevent damage by
reason of the articles shaking about one within the other.. Likewise, when packing
articles which are of, equal, size, but smaller, at their bases than, at their. crowns,
such as drinking tumblers,, and which can be placed one partly within the other,
the outer surface of one comes, into contact with the inner surface. of another; and
it oftentimes happens that any extra pressure exerted, upon such articles lengthwise
will cause several of them to be broken.
Now, for the purpose of my invention,. I entirely dispense..with. the.ordinary
wrapping paper, straw or like packing, material, and employ,,, according to one
arrangement, rings cut from a blank of any suitable material, such for, instance.as.
straw-board or leather-board, by means of cutting, tools hereinafter more particularly
referred to, or, instead of cutting the rings from a blank, they, may, be,produced,,in
any other suitable manner..
Each of the articles to be packed, and which is, to enter the other is, preferably
surrounded with two of these rings, one being located near the upper, and the other.
near the lower, part of the article, so that when, said articles are inserted-one within
the other, the outer circumference of such rings will come into contact with the inner

page_text: surface of the surrounding article, thereby forming distance pieces or cushions
which fill up the annular space existing between the articles comprising the nest
and effectually prevent any movement taking place.
In the case of such articles as drinking tumblers, these rings, by reason of their
resilience, counteract any longitudinal pressure which may tend to force the articles
more firmly one into the other, thus preventing breakage.
Or in the case of packing articles, such as metallic boxes for instance, where the
inner one is shorter than that containing it, I employ a ring or a short tube, whose
lower edge rests upon the lid of the inner article and its upper edge against the
inner surface of the lid of the outer article.
In place of using a ring, or a short tube, as just described, I may use two conical
rings for cach article, so placed thereon that their smaller diameters face one
another, thereby preventing the articles from moving longitudinally when arranged
one within the other.
If various sized flat rings formed by ordinary cutting tools, are employed for
packing the articles arranged in nests, the exterior diameter of one ring will be
the same as the interior diameter of the next, and it is evident that in order to
suit these rings to my purpose, it is necessary to further cut away the interior
diameter of the rings so as to render them of sufficient diameter to receive the
next sized article of the nest. This would necessitate two cutting operations and
would also cause much of the material to cut to waste.
To obviate these objections, I employ cutting tools having a circular cutting
edge, and I provide inside the cutting edge a taper or conical projection which
stands out beyond said cutting edge so that the inner edge of the space or opening
left in the blank, after the previous cutting operation, is slightly bent over and
formed into a conical opening by the descent of the tool during the next cutting
operation. In this way I produce rings of the required diameter without any
undue waste of material.
Instead of making use of flat, or of conical, rings, I may employ frames of
square, triangular, or polygonal form which may be either Hat, or tapered, and
the cutting tool, together with its projection, would be shaped accordingly.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect, I proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which:
:-
Figs. 1 and 2 show in plan and cross section one form of a taper or conical
packing ring constructed in accordance with my invention, and produced from a
blank (Fig. 3) by means of a cutting tool similar to that shown by Figs. 4 and 5.
In these last mentioned figures the fly press by which the tool is operated is not
shown, and only so much of the tool is illustrated as is sufficient to enable its con-
struction to be understood. Figs. 6 and 7 show in plan and cross-section, a taper or
conical frame suitable for articles of rectangular shape. These frames are produced
in a similar manner to the rings, the cutting tool being shaped accordingly.
Fig. 8 illustrates the arrangement of my conical packing rings when employed
for packing drinking tumblers, and Figs. 9 to 12 illustrate various modes of using
the rings, or frames, for packing nests of metallic boxes whether of cylindrical or
of rectangular shape.
a is the packing ring, which is, as before stated, cut from a blank having its
central portion previously removed. Such a blank is shown by Fig. 3, wherein the
dotted circles indicate the various sizes of rings to be cut out.
Although it is preferable to use taper or conical rings similar to that shewn by
Figs. 1 and 2 yet I may, if desirable, employ flat rings a as seen at Fig. 12. The
principal objection to the use of flat rings is that they cannot be so readily and
economically cut at one operation to the required size, because, as previously
pointed out, the interior diameter of one ring (say a Fig. 3) would be the same as
that of the exterior of the next smaller one (say a Fig. 3) and consequently, if it
were attempted to place these flat rings into position around the articles for which
they were intended, they would be found to be too small by reason of the thickness

page_text: of the walls or sides of the articles to be packed not having been taken into con-
sideration. Therefore in order to make the flat rings appropriate for my purpose,
it would be necessary to further operate upon them, thereby occasioning extra
labour and expense.
But by making the rings of a conical or taper form I am
enabled to make allowance and compensation for the thickness of the walls or sides
of the articles, by simply making the rings more or less tapered, or conical, and 1
can produce thein (each one complete and ready for use) at one operation of the
cutting tool. For this purpose I prefer to employ a cutting tool of the kind shown
at Figs. 4 and 5, where is the punch or die and c is the bolster. The punch or
die is provided with a taper or conical projection, which may, when required, be
removed from the punch and be replaced by another of greater or less conicality.
In Fig. 4 the punch is shown as having partially descended thereby bringing
the projection against the inner portion a* of the blank which will be caused to
gradually assume the shape of the projection as the punch continues to descend
until the punch comes into the position shown at Fig. 5, when its cutting edge b
will come into contact with the cutting edge of the bolster and will thereby sever
the now conical ring from the blank and allow it to drop into a suitable receptacle
below. Thus, by employing a number of cutting tools arranged in sizes, the various
sized conical packing rings can be rapidly produced which will exactly fit the
articles to which they are destined.
When employing the rings for the purpose of packing such articles as tumblers,
two such rings are preferably employed for each article, as shown at Fig. 8, and
are arranged with their smaller diameters opposite each other.
For such articles as metallic boxes packed in nests, one ring only for each article
need be used, which may be arranged as shown at Figures 9 and 94; but two rings
may, if preferred, be employed as shown at Fig. 11, in which case the articles could
be entirely prevented from touching each other. Instead of placing the rings
around the articles, they may be arranged between the outside of the lid of one box
and the inside of the lid of the next box, and so on, as shown at Fig. 10.
When flat rings are employed, it would be preferable to also employ short
tubes, or rings, and to place them above the boxes as shown at Fig. 12, so that
longitudinal as well as lateral movement would be prevented.
Although in this arrangement I have shown the application of flat rings in con-
junction with short tubes, or rings, a³, it is obvious that I may employ conical rings
in conjunction with the short tubes or rings a³.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The hereindescribed method of packing fragile and other articles for transport,
consisting in the use and application of rings or frames in the manner substantially
as set forth.
2. The manufacture and use of the conical or taper rings, or frames, as described
and shown and for the purpose set forth.
3. The mode of packing fragile and other articles arranged in nests, by the use
of taper or conical rings, substantially as described and shown with reference to
Figs. 9 and 9 of the annexed drawings.
4. The mode of packing fragile and other articles arranged in nests, by the use
of taper or conical rings substantially as described and shown with reference to
Fig. 10 of the accompanying drawings.
5. The mode of packing fragile and other articles arranged in nests, by the use of
taper or conical rings substantially as described and shown with reference to Figs. 8
and 11, of the annexed drawings.
6. The mode of packing fragile and other articles arranged in nests by the use
of flat rings, or frames, applied either separately or in conjunction with short tubes
or rings, substantially as described and shown with reference to Fig. 12 of the
annexed drawings.

page_text: 7. The tool for manufacturing the conical rings and frames above claimed, con-
sisting of a punch or die having a correspondingly shaped cutting edge and a taper
or conical projection for giving the taper or conical form to the rings or frames,
said punch or die being arranged to work in combination with a bolster also having
a correspondingly shaped cutting edge, substantially as described and shown with
reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the annexed drawings.
AJ
י
T
1000
ERNEST DE PASS,
78, Fleet Street; London, and 6, Victoria Street, Nottingham,
Agent for the Applicant.