IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Carr, of the City and County of Bristol,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS."
Scaled the 29th July 1873, and dated the 19th April 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Carr at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,' on the
19th April 1873.
I, THOMAS CARR, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DISINTEGRATORS, "to be as follows:-
The main object of my present Invention is to arrange and construct
my Patent disintegrator (No. 778, March 29th, A.D. 1859, also No. 3235,
October 22nd., A.D. 1868) so that its set of cages that rotate in one
direction may by simple means be readily separated from' those that
rotate the reverse way whenever the bars or cages require to be con-
veniently got at for cleaning or repairing, and this I accomplish by

page_text: Ա-ԿԵՆ described herein-aiter, in which my present invention
consists, viz. :-
When the machine is so constructed that the solid disc of each set of
cages has a bushed hollow shaft in a piece with it, resting and rotating
on a central solid one fixed stationary in bearings or supports at each
end, the central solid shaft is made long enough to allow one or both
sets of cages and its or their hollow shaft or shafts to be slided along
the said solid shaft when the, cages are to be separated, but they are
kept together in their places on the solid shaft when in working order.
by a collar or collars secured on the said shaft by set screws or otherwise
or by a long ferrule or ferrules removable from being in halves, bolted
together.
'
When the machine is so constructed that one set of cages is carried
by a hollow shaft, and the other set by a solid one rotating part of its
length within the former, the inner disc may be made with a long boss
to slide along the solid shaft when required, which shaft is made long
enough, and the standards of the framing carrying it sufficiently wide
apart to admit of the inner disc so sliding. The said boss of the inner
disc is secured to the shaft when in working order by a key or set screw
or cotter passing through both boss and shaft. The standard for the
knife when required is made removable to be unfastened and taken
out of the way when the inner disc and its cages have to be slid along.
By another arrangement the solid shaft is made long enough to slide
bodily in its bearings, carrying with it the inner dise keyed fast on it,
space being left between the back standards for the driving pulley of
the solid shaft to move with the said shaft if required, or this pulley
may be unscrewed or unkeyed before the shaft is moved, which solid
shaft is held in its place when working by a movable collar fastened by
set screws or by a long split ferrule.
By another arrangement the hollow shaft is mounted on a separate
headstock resting in slides or guides upon the sole plate of the headstock
for the solid shaft space between the standards, the latter headstock
being allowed for the movement of the hollow shaft headstock.
When the machine is so constructed that the two sets of cages are
each mounted on solid shafts placed end to end without any hollow 3
one, I make these solid shafts sufficiently long to overhang their inner

page_text: bearings, and so that one or both of the shafts can be slided in their
bearings from each other. Or the base of the inner bearing or pedestal
is made broad, and so that when its bolts are slackened it can be
moved back with the shaft along a fixed bed plate beneath it, the
outer end of the shaft sliding through its fixed bearing or pedestal.
Arranged as above described, access can be readily obtained at any tine
to the cages for cleaning or repairing, or replacing a bar or peg without
the inconvenience of dismounting the machine as was heretofore
requisite.
The machines are in some cases so constructed as to admit of being
mounted on wheels, thus causing them to be portable for shifting about
from place to place as required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Carr in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th October 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
CARR, of the City and County of Bristol, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Carr, Her special license
that I, the said Thomas Carr, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Carr, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ircland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DISINTEGRATORS,'
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Carr,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be perfornied, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Carr, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement and the accompanying Drawings (that is to
say):
The main object of my present Invention is to arrange and construct
my Patent disintegrator No. 778, March Twenty-ninth, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, and No. 3235,
October Twenty-second, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-eight,) so that its sets of cages that rotate in
one direction may by simple means be readily separated from those
that rotate the reverse way whenever the bars or cages require to be
conveniently got at for cleaning or repair, and this I accomplish by
arrangements described herein-after in which my present Invention
chiefly consists.
Each modification of my Invention will be explained by reference to
the accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 2.an end elevation, and Fig. 3 is 1
a plan view showing one modification of my improved disintegrator
when the cages are in their working position, and Fig. 4 is a side
elevation in which the cages are shown separated for inspection,
cleaning, or repair. .
A is a foundation bed of stone or other material to which the cast-
iron box standards a are secured, which are formed at their upper ends
like pedestals without brasses, in which the ends of the solid shaft bare
carried. c is a hollow shaft forming part of the large disc c¹ for one
set of cages, and d the hollow shaft forming part of the inner disc d'
for the other set of cages. f is a socket plate secured to the bed to
receive a pillar f¹ carrying a knife 2 at its upper end. c and d are
the driving pulleys. The central solid.shaft 6 of this modification may
be either malleable iron or steel, but is made of the latter by preference,
it is not intended to rotate in the pedestals of the tall standards (a), yet
so rests, therein as an ordinary bearing that in the event of any 3
obstruction to the rotation of either of the hollow shafts (c and d) it is
at liberty to rotate with more or less freedom, the caps of the standards
. ! F
1:1. T

page_text: not being screwed down perfectly tight. The large disc c¹ has a boss
cast on it at its centre to project from its inner face as shewn, to
counteract the overhang and the better to support the weight of the
projecting bars and rings of the cages of this disc, and the end of the
hollow shaft d which carries the small disc d¹ is made trumpet shaped
to correspond (as shown). Each end of each hollow shaft has a brass
bush secured in it, and a steel washer d* is placed between the flanges
of the brass bushes that work together. When the cages are in con-
junction, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, they are retained in this position
when working by a loose collar d' at each extremity of the hollow
shafts, fitting the solid shaft 6 and secured thereto by set screws the
ends of which pass into holes in the solid shaft. When it is required
to clean or repair the cages, or to clean and oil the central solid shaft
in that portion where the brass bushes nearest the cages work, the
knife pillar f is removed from its socket, the afore-named set screws
in the loose collars are slackened and the cages and their hollow
shafts c and d are each slid along the solid shaft 6 in opposite
directions to throw them apart from each other as shewn in Fig. 4.
To clean and oil those portions of the solid shaft upon which the bushes
work at the extremities of the hollow shafts, both hollow shafts with
their cages are together slid first to one end of the solid shaft and then
to the other. The hollow shaft d for the inner disc (d) is made longer
than necessary for steady working, so as to place the front standard and
driving strap further away from the feeding orifice and give more room
to shovel in the crude and remove the pulverized material. This
arrangement is adapted for feeding from the floor by shovels, but when
mechanical elevators or shutes from a platform above are to be used
for feeding the tall standards (a) are dispensed with and the solid
shaft 6 is carried by short brackets secured on the top of strong piers of
masonry, to the base of which the holding down bolts pass, as shewn. in
Sheet 2 of the Drawings next to be described, and the front hollow
shaft (d) in that case is not made of extra length as when for hand
feeding.
Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8, are views corresponding respectively to Figs. 1,
2, 3, and 4, shewing another modification of my Invention which is
similar to that shewn by the last-named Figures, but is constructed to
operate upon a different class of material.
}

page_text: The letters of reference used in describing Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, are
also used on the same and similar parts in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8.
This machine is intended to reduce wheat and other grains and seeds
to flour, and it is made in this instance much narrower and with less
strength in the cages than when intended for pulverizing ores, minerals,
clays, and other hard or heavy substances, and has a greater number of
cages than disintegrators intended for such substances. The cages are
made of short pegs without tic rings which are requisite to support the
longer bars of the ordinary machine having broad cages.
To inspect, repair, or clean and oil the machine, the cages and hollow
shafts c and d are slid to and fro upon the solid shaft b, as described in
reference to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive. The solid shaft (b) may have a
hole 2 bored through its longitudinal centré (as shown) with side
holes to each brass bush so that oil may be supplied to them
through the central hole, but when such hole b² is not provided the
oil is supplied through holes and d³ in the hollow shafts (when the
machine is at rest), which holes are closed after each supply by screw
plugs. The oil filled into the space in the hollow shafts c and d between
the bushes finds its way to the brass bushes and their flanges. e are
two distributing cylinders similar to those described in the Specification
of my Patent, No. 1895, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy. The mouth of the distributing cylinders in this
arrangement is closed by a disc e' with a boss in its centre loosely
fitting the exterior of the hollow shaft d, but not rotating with it,
being held stationary by its attachment to the hopper feed pipe f.
When the cages are to be slid along the solid shaft the disc e is
detached from the pipe f and moves with the cages and shaft d, (as
shown in Fig. 8) along which hollow shaft d it can be further slid in
order to remove pieces of metal or stone that may have casually entered
with the wheat and. been arrested and retained in the distributing
cylinder. As shown in Figs. 5 to 8 inclusive the front annular
disc d³ and that part of the large disc c¹ in which the pegs are rivetted
are made of malleable plate with annular grooves in their inner surfaces,
as shown, to shelter the ends of the pegs and prevent the escape or
of any
passage wheat without being struck. In place of turning these
annular grooves out of the solid plate, rings made of angle iron can be
rivetted instead on the plane face of the disc.

page_text: Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section; Fig. 10, an end elevation partly in
section; Fig. 11, a plan view, and Fig. 12, an end elevation, showing
the mode of mounting one modification of my disintegrator on wheels,
so as to be easily transported from place to place.
The arrangement of the machine itself is the same as that herein-
before described and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive, except that
the solid central shaft b is mounted on carrying wheels g, instead of
fixed standards, and for greater compactness the central shaft (6) is not
made sufficiently long to admit of the cages being separated upon it,
though this can be readily done if required. An angle iron framing g¹
surrounds the cages on level with the central shaft b, upon which it
has bearings g². The casing g³ for the cages is attached to this framing,
the upper half or hood g¹ resting upon it, being hinged at 9³, so as to
admit of being thrown back when required. To the frame g¹ two
parallel shafts go are secured on that side which is intended to be next
to the end of the engine, which shafts are so formed that they will serve
the double purpose of ordinary carriage shafts when the machine has to
be drawn by a horse, and also when the horse is removed to serve to
secure the machine to the engine in such manner as to keep its solid
shaft parallel with the driving shaft of the engine, on each end of
which engine driving. shaft a large pulley is keyed for the open and
cross belts that drive the pulleys of the disintegrator. When the
machine has to be removed the lower part 93 of the casing is removed,
or it may be made telescopic to draw up a few inches from the ground
to give sufficient clearance. When the machine has arrived at its
destination or place of work, two wooden beams h which slope at cach
end are laid upon the ground, and the carrying wheels g of the machine
are drawn up these beams until they enter and rest in the hollows of the
beams, as shewn by Figs. 11 and 12, and thus by using these beams the
machine is raised a few inches from the ground, the carrying wheels (9)
are prevented from moving, and a greater base is given to carry tht
machine, which is especially useful where the ground happens to be sofe
and yielding.
Fig. 13 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, Figs. 14 and 15 are end
elevations.
Fig. 16, a plan view of another machine according to my Invention,
showing the machine as arranged for work, Fig, 17 being a side elevation
showing the cages separated for inspection, cleaning, or repair.

page_text: This machine is substantially the same as one of those described in
the Specification of my Patent, No. 3235, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, except that arrangements are
here made for separating the cages, and the construction and design is
improved. In this machine there is both a solid shaft (d) and hollow
shaft (c), the former passing through the bore of the latter, but without
contact, the solid shaft (d) being carried by the two outermost bearings,
while the hollow one, the bore of which is of larger diameter than the
solid shaft, is carried in independent bearings of its own. The large
disc c¹ is cast in a piece with the hollow shaft c: The inner disc d' is cast
with a long boss bored to fit the solid shaft d, to which it is secured by a
cotter d* when the machine is working, but when the cages have to be
separated, as shown in Fig. 17, the cotter is removed, the knife and
pillar f being first removed from its socket.
Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22 correspond respectively with Figs. 13, 14,
15, 16, and 17, and show a similar machine to that illustrated by the
latter Figures, except in the arrangements for separating the two sets
of cages. The inner disc d' is secured to the solid shaft d, which when
the cages have to be separated is slided in its bearings, as shown in
Fig. 22. The shaft d and cages are kept in their working position, as
shown in Figs. 18 and 21 by a collar d³ secured to the shaft d by set
screws, the ends of which enter holes in the shaft. Space is left between
the outer back standard and the headstock for the hollow shaft c to
allow the driving pulley d² to move with the shaft, but if the pulley d²
is so arranged as to admit of being readily made loose, so that the solid
shaft d may slide through it as well as the bearing, a space equal to
the width of the pulley d² need only be left between the outer standard
and the headstock.
Fig. 23 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, Fig. 24 an end elevation,
and Fig. 25 a plan view of another modification of my Invention, in a
which the cages are shown in their working position, and Fig. 26 is a
front elevation, in which the cages are shown separated.
This modification resembles that illustrated by Figs. 13 to 17, the
inner disc d being secured on the shaft d by a cotter d*, except that
its hollow shaft è is not supported independently of the solid shaft upon
bearings of its own, but is allowed to rest and rotate on the central
solid shaft d. Unlike all the other modifications the two sets of cages
3

page_text: .
are not intended to be driven in reverse directions, but in the same way
at different speeds, and I consequently term it a differential machine,
its use being chiefly for mixing purposes, where only small power is
available for driving it. The solid central shaft d is only intended to
be driven at about half the speed of the hollow shaft c, which as it
rotates in the same direction as the solid one but at double its speed
has thus only the same frictional speed on the bearing surfaces of its
bushes as the solid shaft has in the brasses of its standards. The two
sets of cages can of course be driven the reverse ways like the ordinary
disintegrator, but in this case the frictional speed of the wearing surfaces
of the bushes of the hollow shaft is doubled by the reverse action, which
renders it difficult to keep them cool at high speeds, and it is therefore
not advisable to so use this modification.
I have stated above that the machine illustrated by Figs. 23 to 20
inclusive is chiefly intended when driven one way for mixing purposes,
but when both hollow and solid shafts with their cages are driven at
an extra high speed (the former, as above explained, double the speed of
the latter) the machine may be used for pulverizing materials not very
hard, as the action of my disintegrator does not depend entirely upon
the reverse direction of the cages, for when the material is acted upon
by the cages it flies off at a tangent to the circle, and is struck obliquely
by the bars of the succeeding cage, which are of course moving in a
circle, consequently there is percussion between the bars and particles
of the material, though they do not meet each other'so directly as when
the reverse action of the cages is employed.
Fig. 27 is a longitudinal sectional elevation, Fig. 28 a transverse
section, and Fig. 29 a plan view of another modification of my Invention
in which the cages are shown in their working. position, and Fig. 30 is a
front elevation of the cages when separated.
This modification is similar to one of those described in the Specifi-
cations of my Patents, No. 3235, in the year of our Lord One thousand
cight hundred and sixty-eight, and No. 1895, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy, the difference and novelty'
consists in the arrangements for separating the two sets of cages when
required. This is accomplished by dispensing with any fixed collar on
the shaft d, so as to admit of its being slid along its bearings carrying
with it its attached discs and cages to admit of which the shaft is made
longer between the cages and their nearest bearing than would be

page_text: otherwise necessary, but to prevent the overhang being thus too much
increased the front bed plate k projects beyond the masonry a few inches,
as shewn, sufficient to carry the pedestal, but not too wide to admit of
this projecting portion entering the mouth of the inner cage when the
shaft d and its attached cages are slid back from the others, and con-
sequently the overhang of the moving parts is diminished to the extent.
of the breadth of the inmost cage. To ensure sufficient strength in the
overhang part of the bed plate k it is formed with ribs as shown. The
solid shaft c keyed in the large back disc c¹, can also if required be
made to slide in its bearings in a similar manner, if made long enough
to project beyond its bearing nearest the disc (c¹), but in this case nothing
would be gained by making the bed plate project same as that for the
other shaft d, there being no mouth or space for the projection to enter.
I have now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and
the manner of carrying it into effect, and claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The several modifications of disintegrators herein-before de-
scribed and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings, as far as relates
to their arrangement and mode of construction for facilitating the ready
separation of the two sets of cages when required by sliding them along
the central solid shaft or sliding the said solid shaft itself in its bearings
with some of the cages fixed thereon, and the mode of rendering the
knife removable, also the construction of the discs, and arrangement of
the cages so as to diminish their overhang substantially as described
and illustrated in Sheets One and Three.
Secondly. I claim the making of the disintegrator portable, and the
arrangements and mode of so doing substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Carr, have hercunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.