matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS MARINE CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES, RAILWAY AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Children Philcox and Thomas Saint, of
168, Goswell Street Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS MARINE CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES,
RAILWAY AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS."
IN
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Children Philcox
and Thomas Saint at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition and Declaration, on the 23rd July 1870, pursuant
to the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
CHILDREN PHILCOX and ThoмAS SAINT, of 163, Goswell.Ștreet Road, in
the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MARINE CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES, RAILWAY AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," and
have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto us, our executors, adminis-
..
"

page_text: trators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have
made solemn Declaration that we are the true and first Inventors
thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Children Philcox and
Thomas Saint, do hereby declare that the following Complete Specification
under our hands and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, in
and by the following statement :--
This Invention consists in a modified and improved form of the
propelling and detaining levers of the escapement patented by George 1
Philcox, No. 730, A.D. 1852, the blow, push, or shove being given in the
line of centre, the alteration being a concave angle, by which form we
obtain more freedom, less friction, and of necessity correct proportions.
This escapement is applicable to marine or pocket chronometers, carriage
clocks, railway and all other timekeepers, particularly for marine 1
purposes.
Also a more simply constructed compensating balance with the duo-
„ 6, watch movement with dead half-seconds train)
train 16,000
دو
7,
do..
-
do. 3 beats to second train 14,000.
"3
.8, compensating balance shewing both sides.
Having described our said Invention, that which we claim and desire
to be secured to us by Letters Patent is as follows:―
The construction and form of levers and arrangement of train (we use
the duplex locking, but do not confine ourselves to any given number of
evers).
3

page_text: Also for the more simply constructed compensating balance with the
duometrical pendulum spring as herein described and as shown on the
accompanying Drawing, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Children Philcox and
Thomas Saint, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 22
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
GEO. C. PHILCOX. (L.S.)
THO. SAINT.
(L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Fischer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
May 1870.
I, GUSTAV FISCHER, of Brandenbourgh, in the Kingdom of Prussia,
Architect," do hereby declare the nature of the said Invcution for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
"
I dispense with the ordinary furnaces below the boiler or those placed
in internal flues, and employ in their stead a number of vertical firing
pipes leading to flues used as fire chambers or canals, the pipes being.
either passed through the boiler or formed at the sides, and at the top.
of each pipe there is a moveable lid with one or more air holes. The
flues are provided at each end with a door, and at one end of each flue
there is a small grate or fire-place in which small fires are made at the
commencement of operations, and where the flues communicate with
each other there are grids to separate the gases and cause their com-
bustion. When there are two main flues are heating chambers and fires
made in the small grates I pass fuel from above through the firing
fuel'
pipes in such manner that one flue shall have much more poured

page_text: into it than the other flue, so that the smoke and gases from com-
paratively thick fires in one flue shall have to pass over thin glowing
fires in the other flue which communicates by one or more other flues
to the chimney, there being a damper to regulate the draught and close
the flues as required. The firing pipes may be three or four feet or other
desired distance apart, and all the pipes may be used for fires at the
bottom or only a portion of them according to the demand for steam,
and any description of fuel can be used, such as coal, coke, peat, wood,
coal tar, and other known combustibles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS AND PORTMANTEAUS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Daniel Sutherland at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th April 1870.
I, FREDERICK DANIEL SUTHERLAND, of King William Street, in the
City of London, Bag Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRAVELLING BAGS AND PORTMANTEAUS,"
to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention consists in so constructing a bag or portmanteau as
to enable it when required to be used as a scat or camp stool, capable
of being readily opened and closed, and forming part of the bag or
portmanteau.
The following is an example of the construction of the aforesaid
improvements:-To one or both sides of a bag or portmanteau, and
either at the inside or outside thereof, I propose to arrange and connect
folding or sliding hinged pieces of metal which when out of use lic close
against the bag or portmanteau, and when in use form legs, to the upper

page_text: part of which a piece of flexible material is to be attached to form a
seat somewhat resembling a camp stool in appearance, the seat being
above and independent of the lid or top of the bag or portmanteau, or
the seat may be entirely at one side thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR 'DEWING' WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bottomley and William.
Bottomley at the Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th November 1870.
We, JOSEPH BOTTOMLEY and WILLIAM BOTTOMLEX, the younger, both
of Bramley, near Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR 'DEWING' WOOLLEN OR OTHER WOVEN OR FELTED FABRICS," to
be as follows:
Our Invention consists in certain novel arrangements, as hereafter
described, whereby wo obtain a machine or apparatus capable of doing
a much greater quantity of work and in a more satisfactory manner than
hitherto.
According to one arrangement we mount a drum in framework and
bearings; the surface of the drum is covered with canvas and wire
gauze or other openworked or perforated substance. Through the
interior of the drum, and supported by the framework, is passed a per-
forated hollow cylinder; at one end of the same is admitted a suitable
pressure of steam, and at the other a suitable pressure of cold air. The
air and steam do not come in contact in the perforated cylinder, but

page_text: pass through its holes into the drum. The steam thus coming in contact
with the cold air is immediately condensed. The drum may be made to
revolve, and the condensed steam be forced through the canvas and
wiro gauze on to the drum, and thence in the form of “dew” on
to the fabric which is made to pass over it, being conducted by
rollers.
According to another arrangement we mount on suitable standards a
box, by preference made of cast iron; the top of it is covered with canvas
and wire gauze, or other openworked or perforated substance. Steam
and air under pressure are passed into the box. The air and steam thus
coming in contact condensation takes place, and by the pressure the
condensed steam is forced through the perforated surface of the box,
and thence into the fabric which is made to pass over it, being conducted,
by rollers. The quantity and pressure of air and steam may be regulateḍ
by taps of ordinary construction in each arrangement.
"
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF METER FOR Measuring Water aND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1870.-A communication from abroad by José
Francisco de Navarro, of the City of New York, United States of
America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
OF METER FOR Measuring Water aND OTHER FLUIDS,” to be as follows :—
In the meter which is the subject of this Invention and which will
suffice here to refer to as being used for measuring water a reciprocating.
lever diaphragm or piston is used, the same being arranged to work.
within a measuring chamber of arched or sector like form. This dia-..
phragm is made with a hub, through which is a pivot pin that constitutes.
the turning axis or centre of said diaphragm or lever piston. It.is.
preferred to so arrange the meter as that the pivot pin occupies a vertical;
position. The hub is formed hollow, but closed at its ends, the lower.
one of which rests on and travels over the lower face of the measuring.

page_text: chamber. Said hub is preferably made in two or upper and lower sections,
the lower one being loose on the pivot and only moved towards the
completion of the stroke of the lever piston through means connected
with the upper section, which latter moves continuously with the piston.
The motion of the lever piston within the measuring chamber that
receives and discharges water from opposite sides of the piston alternately
is controlled by a valve preferably of curvilinear form and vibrating on a
fixed centro. This valvo is operated at the close of cach piston stroke
to reverse the action of the piston, and is so constructed and formed with
passages in or through it for operation in connection with passages
formed in inlet and outlet chambers and in the measuring chamber, also
in the hub of the piston, as that it is only started in its movement to
control the ingress and egress of the water to and from the measuring
chamber by a positivo motion derived from the piston, and has its throw
completed by a rush of inlot water brought to act upon it with a freedom
of escape for such water on a fresh rush of water being established to
reverse the action of the valve. By making the lower portion of the
hub of the piston loose and only operating it towards the close of the
piston stroke the passages which control the ingress and egress of water
used to throw the valve are kept open the requisite length of time to
ensure a full and perfect action. The form of valve may be changed,
also that of the measuring chamber and position generally of the meter
be variously arranged to secure substantially the same action. Any
suitable indicating or registering mechanism is connected with the
operating portion of the meter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLAR AND SHIRT STUDS, AND OTHER STUDS FOR FASTENING ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Green and Joel Cadbury
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th June 1870.
We, EDWIN GREEN and JOEL CADBURY, both of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLAR AND SHIRT STUDS, AND OTHER
STUDS FOR FASTENING ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows :—
Our Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described;
in collar and other studs, whereby the stud may be readily and securely
fastened to the collar, shirt, or other article of dress without creasing
or injuring the said collar, shirt, or article of dress.
In making collar and other studs according to our Invention we make
the back part of the stud separate from the front part and connect the
two parts together in the following manner:-We make the back part
of the stud of a large flat disk, by preference of tortoiseshell, or other
non-metallic material, and to the middle of the said we attach a
hollow or tubular stem provided with a concave or female screw thread.
We make the front part of the stud, which is exposed to view, by
preference, of a hollow or solid metallic stud or head provided on its

page_text: inner side with a projecting screw of a size proper to take into the
concave screw in the stem of the back part. We make the front part
of the stud by preference of about one half the diameter of the back
part or disk. In fastening the stud to the collar or other article of dress
the hollow screwed stem of the back part is passed through the button
hole from the inside of the collar or article, and the screw of the front
part is screwed into the said stem. The two parts of the stud are
thereby fastened very securely together and to the collar or article of
dress.
The parts described for fastening together the front and back of the
stud may be reversed, that is, the screwed stem may be situated on the
front part and the screw on the back part.
By making both parts of the stud ornamental either part may be used
as the exposed or outer part at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDROMETERS FOR TAKING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FLUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Samuel Linford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1870.
I, JOHN SAMUEL LINFORD, of No. 146, Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of tlie
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDROMETERS FOR
TAKING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction and arrangement of
an improved hydrometer for ascertaining the specific gravity of fluids at
any ordinary temperature.
The novelty of this hydrometer consists in the peculiar mode of its
construction and arrangement, which admits of its being used so that a
certain quantity of the fluid to be examined can, by the use of the
instrument as herein-after explained, be weighed against an equal bulk
of water, the fluid to be weighed and the water being at the same tem-
perature, instead of the weight of the fluid being balanced against a
certain amount of displacement by a known weight adjusted to a certain
temperature, generally 60° or 62° Fahrenheit, as usually practised.

page_text: The former mode, as effected by my Invention, is accomplished in the
following manner :-A vessel is constructed of a suitable shape, of which
the annexed Drawing is a specimen, but the shape may be varied pro-
vided the principle of construction necessary to carry out my Invention
be adhered to. The proportions of this vessel which constitutes the
hydrometer are so adjusted that a given bulk of water being placed in
the central cylinder or bulb (A), shewn in the Drawing, or placed in any
other way between the bulbs (B & C), the said hydrometer when floated
in a vessel containing water at the same temperature as that in the bulb
sinks to a point marked 1000. By replacing that water with a fluid of
lighter specific gravity the instrument sinks to a degree lower on the
stem, which is marked to give the correct specific gravity, and the result
is that if the fluid to be tried and the water in which the instrument is
immersed are at the same temperature the results are sufficiently accurate
for all practical purposes. If the fluid to be examined be heavier than
water I use a pipette measuring out a proportionate quantity, say, fo,
fo, fo, fo, and a simple rule-of-three sum, multiplying the gravity 'indi-
cated on the stem by the denominator, and dividing by the numerator,
gives the correct gravity at any temperature.
What I claim is the manufacture and use of a hydrometer made on
the plan above mentioned and of the shape shewn in the Drawing, or of
any suitable shape, to contain within it the fluid to be examined, and to
be used in water at any ordinary temperature.
AN IMPROVED DRYING MACHINE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lightbody at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
June 1870.
I, JOHN LIGHTBODY, of Kirby Moorside, in the County of York,
Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED DRYING MACHINE," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the drying of corn, hay, clothes, and
any other articles or substances for which it may be found suitable.
The improved machine may be made of various sizes, a small size
being advantageously available for drying clothes in hospitals, work-
houses, hotels, and similar large establishments, whilst a larger size may
be used in connection with farming for drying freshly cut crops, and thus
saving them in wet weather, and for drying grain.
The improved machine comprises a circular platform made to revolve
about a central vertical pillar, and consisting of an open framework
covered with wire netting or other suitable freely permeable inaterial on
which the articles or materials to be dried are laid or extended. Below
the platform there are arranged a number of fanners or ordinary centri-

page_text: fugal blowing fans with their discharge outlets directed upwards towards
the under side of the platform and with their axles or shafts placed
horizontally and radiating from the central vertical pillar. The fanner.
shafts have fixed on them small bevil pinions which gear with and are
driven by a bevil wheel revolving round the central pillar and fixed to
the under side of the platform, and motion is given to the whole by
means of a shaft having on it a bevil wheel in gear with the bevil wheel
fixed to the platform, or in gear with a second bevil wheel fixed to the
platform. Or the motion may be primarily imparted to the shaft of one
of the fanners, such shaft or the separate shaft being driven by hand, by
horse driving gear, or by means of a pulley and a driving belt from a
steam engine or other prime mover,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CARBONATES OF AMMONIA
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham Baggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with, his Petition, on the 18th
February 1870.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE CARBONATES OF AMMONIA," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the first place in using the carbonates and
bi-carbonates of the fixed alkalies either singly or in a state of mixture
in place of chalk or carbonate of lime for effecting the decomposition of
the salts of ammonia by the aid of heat, and so producing the carbonates
of ammonia. For example, in order to produce the sesqui-carbonate of
ammonia a full equivalent of the sulphate or muriate of ammonia is
mixed with half an equivalent of carbonate of soda and another half
equivalent of bi-carbonate of soda. The mixture thus formed furnishes
exactly the quantity of carbonic acid required for the production of a
full equivalent of sesqui-carbonate of ammonia. The last-mentioned
salt at once comes over in large quantities on the application of a gentle
heat, and is condensed in the usual way, whilst sulphate of soda remains
in the retort.

page_text: A second part of this Invention consists in blowing carbonic acid gas
by suitable and well-known means through the sulphate or phosphate of
ammonia, so as to produce carbonate of ammonia without the necessity
of the addition of the carbonated fixed alkalies. The carbonic acid gas
for these operations may be obtained by any suitable means.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Chamberlain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Robert
Stothert Kirkpatrick, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, ARTHUR CHAMBERLAIN, of the Firm of Smith and Chamberlain, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Brass Founders, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTORS FOR FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
-
The said Invention consists in making the peg of the castor, that is, the
axis on which the horns of the castor turn, with two bearings, one of the
said bearings being at the top of the peg and the other near its bottom,
and in making the bush of the horns in which bush the peg turns with
seats or bearing surfaces against which the bearings on the peg work.
The peg is made of the figure of an inverted cone with a flange at top
and a nearly spherical enlargement near its bottom. The under side of
the said flange and enlargement are made smooth and the bearing
surfaces in the bush are also turned smooth. Below the enlargement
near the bottom of the peg is a cylindrical pin which passes through a

page_text: hole in the bottom of the bush carrying the horns of the castor, and
being rivetted at its extreme end it retains the horns of the castor on the
peg. By making the peg with two bearings, and making these bearings
work against bearing surfaces in the bush as described, great strength
and non-liability to derangement are secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS AND IN THE METHOD OF GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Patterson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1870.-A communication from abroad by Robert
Patterson, of Catskill, Greene County, State of New York, in the
United States of America.
I, HENRY PATTERSON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in the
Kingdom of Ireland, do hereby declare the nature the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS AND IN THE METHOD OF
GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to steam generators employed in the production
of steam, and consists in so constructing and fitting the said generators
as that the heating or evaporating surface thereof is increased without
correspondingly increasing the surface exposed to the flames or to the
heat of the furnace.
A steam generator constructed in manner according with this
Invention may consist of one or more sections or parts of a cylindrical
or other suitable form, and made of iron, steel, or other suitable
material, the said generator or sections of the generator being mounted
in the combustion chamber of a furnace or otherwise so arranged as that

page_text: the outer surface of the said generator or of each section thereof, or a
suitable portion of the said surface may be exposed to a suitable degree
of heat as will be well understood. The interior of the said generator or
of each of the said sections is filled or partly filled with a substance or
with substances which receive heat from the outer shell of the generator
and impart the said heat to the water, which is allowed to flow through,
over, or between the said substances. The substances employed may be
such as will expose a large surface to the water and will transmit heat
from-the-shell-of-the-generator, as-for-example, picces of iron, slag, coke,
or brick may be employed. The said substances are either placed
directly in the generator or in a basket or cage, which can be placed
with its contents within the said generator.
Instead of employing substances of an irregular form as aforesaid,
shelves, plates, or partitions may be employed so arranged as that the
water shall flow over the surfaces thereof, and also that the said shelves,
plates, or partitions may receive heat from the outer shell of the
generator. It is intended that the water shall be admitted into the
generator in such suitable quantities, as that it may be wholly or
partially converted into steam whilst flowing over the surfaces of the
said shelves, plates, or partitions, or through, over, or between the
aforesaid substances, any portion of the said water which may have
passed through the generator without having been converted into steam
being pumped up or otherwise returned to the upper part of the
generator.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MIXING SOILS, CHYMICAL MANURES, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES, EITHER SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER, AND FOR MIXING DRY WITH SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS, OR AIR,
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hammond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1870.-A communication from abroad by Frederick Tolhausen,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRY HAMMOND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MIXING SOILS, CHYMICAL MANURES, AND
OTHER SUBSTANCES, EITHER SEPARATELY OR TOGETHER, AND FOR MIXING DRY WITH
SEMI-FLUID SUBSTANCES, LIQUIDS, OR AIR," a communication to me from
abroad by Frederick Tolhausen, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to
be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a number of right and left hand screws
working upon vertical axes in a vessel containing the substances to be
mixed; the right hand screws revolve to the right and the left hand
screws revolve to the left in such a manner that a portion of the
substances being acted upon will be raised from the bottom of the
screws to the top, whilst the other portion will be falling from the
top to the bottom, and so on until a uniform admixture has been
effected.

page_text: When hot or cold air is used with the apparatus it is for the
purpose of driving superfluous moisture from the substances under
operation.
The apparatus may be made with screws having one or several
turns; or of portions of screws of less than one turn, or of inclined 5
planes or curved pieces being made to take the place of the screws or of
portions of screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC' EFFECTS BY LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING ON WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gardner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
February 1870.
I, ROBERT GARDNER, of the Firm of Gardner and Stevenson, of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Lithographers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRODUCING PHOTOGRAPHIC' EFFECTS BY LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTING ON WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the producing of "photographic"
effects by lithographic printing on woven fabrics in an improved and
economical manner. The effect referred to is the soft gradation of shade
which characterises photographs, and which has hitherto been obtained
only by troublesome and expensive printing processes.
The Invention consists in forming the intended design upon the stone
in any of the modes known, as "stippling," "chalk," or "line," and in
applying the pressure for producing the impression on the woven fabric
through a suitable elastic material, such as rubber, which has a slight
spreading action when compressed. By this means the stipples, dots,

page_text: or lines making up the shades of the design are slightly spread, and
beautiful smooth tints are thereby produced. The design may be drawn
directly on the stone, or it may be transferred to the stone from paper,
or from an engraving on copper, steel, or stone; or it may be produced
thereon by any known photo-lithographic process yielding effects like
stippling or chalk drawing.
The printing on the woven fabric may be effected by the ordinary
lithographic process of drawing through the press, a tympan of rubber
being substituted for the ordinary leather tympan. It is however
preferred (at least for designs of comparatively small size, such, for
example, as are printed on the corners of pocket handkerchiefs) to keep
the stone stationary, and to apply the pressure by the depression and
elevation of a platen or its equivalent, as in a type printing press. Pure
or vulcanised sheet rubber appears to be the best material through which
to impart the desired pressing action, but fabrics of rubber and fibrous
materials combined will answer, as will also blanket, velvet, woollen
cloth, or cork cut into a plate or sheet. Soft clastic leather may also be
employed, but if used with the scraper in an ordinary lithographic press
it will soon become hard like the ordinary tympan and unsuitable for
the purpose in view. The soft leather may however retain a suitable
condition for a longer time when simplo pressure is used unaccompanied
by a scraping action.
AN IMPROVED SELF-GUAGING AND REGISTERING INDICATOR FOR ASCERTAINING THE HOURLY, DAILY, OR PERIODICAL CONSUMPTION OF LIQUIDS OF ANY KIND
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Lowden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
'8th January 1870..
I, HENRY WILLIAM LOWDEN, of Douglas, Isle of Man, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-GUAGING
AND REGISTERING INDICATOR FOR ASCERTAINING THE HOURLY, DAILY, OR PERIODICAL
CONSUMPTION OF LIQUIDS OF ANY KIND," to be as follows:
―;
This Invention is composed of three principal parts, namely, a tap or
cock with two or more ways or passages therein, a glass tube in con-
nection with one of such said passages, and a tablet with divisions
thereon, and a finger or pointer.
The construction of this improved indicator is as follows:-The cock
thereof is so constructed that it has one, two, or more channels running
through it, one of which channels communcates by means of an opening
in the top part of the tap with a glass tube or indicator, which when
about to be used is screwed into the opening at the top of the tap left
for its reception, so that when the stop-cock is turned for the purpose
of drawing off the liquid from the cask, barrel, or other vessel the liquid

page_text: •
from the cask or vessel flows into the aforesaid glass tube or indicator
to its own level in the cask or vessel to which it is affixed, and thus
shows the actual height of the liquid in such vessel. At each side of
the glass tube or indicator there is a tablet running the entire height
of the tube or indicator, on which there are divisions marked showing
the contents of the said cask or vessel in gallons; these gallons are again
divided on the tablet into quarts, pints, half pints, or larger or smaller
quantities as may be desired. To these tablets are attached two finger
points, one on either side, designated as "last" guage and "present"
guage. These finger points have only to be set at starting and you
may be absent for any length of time, and yet upon your return, say,
in an hour, a day, or a week, you see at once by this, apparatus the
actual consumption for that period to half a pint or even a single glass,
because as the liquid is drawn off from the cask, barrel, or vessel so
the liquid (which will always, find its own. level) falls in the tube or
indicator, and thus shows on the tablet the actual number of glasses,
half pints, pints, quarts, or gallons that have been consumed or drawn
therefrom.
•
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN SELF-STOPPING BEAM WARPING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hacking at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th December 1870.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HACKING, of the Firm of Messieurs Hacking
and Company, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SELF-STOPPING BEAM WARPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary oscillating frame carried by one shaft and
having only two stop or needle bars attached to it we use an oscillating
frame of any desirable length supported at two or more points, and
carrying any desirable number of stop bars. This frame has at intervals
connecting arms attached to it by points. The arms at the other
extremity from the oscillating frame are carried by shafts, studs, or
centres, which are fixed above or below the frame, and are operated"
upon in the usual manner by levers in connection with the tin roller
or wooden cylinder of the machine. The construction and movement of
the frame and connecting arms is similar to that of one of the limbs of
a parallel rule.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1870.-A communication from abroad by Robert
Jordan Roberts, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the providing of sewing needles which are
commonly made of steel and are therefore very liable to damage by
corrosion with coatings of non-corrosive metals, such as gold, silver,
copper, or tin, the said metals being applied to the needles after they
have been otherwise finished by gilding, plating, or tinning. It is pre-
ferred to coat them with gold, first plating them with silver or copper
to facilitate the process of gilding, but the same may be accomplished
without the application of silver or copper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stewart Smyth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1870.
I, JAMES STEWART SMYTH, Captain, the 63rd Regiment, residing at
No. 12, Upper Berkeley Street, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TENTS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in tents.
its
The tent consists of a ground sheet, by preference of waterproof fabric,
and it may be double and capable of being inflated to form a bed;
length and width may be such as to accomodate one, two, or more
persons. To the foot of this sheet another similar sheet is attached to
form the roof of the tent; this sheet may be of light waterproof fabric;
it is arranged to incline upwards towards the head of the tent where it is
connected with the ground sheet by an upright end piece of the same
fabric. Along the sides of the tent the ground sheet and the roof sheet
are connected by triangular side pieces, which when the tent is erected
stand upright, or nearly so. Near the head of the tent the side pieces

page_text: can be folded back for a distance sufficient to allow the tent to be freely
entered; these openings can be closed when desired by lacing the side
pieces to the top and bottom sheets. The tent has two posts or uprights
one on either side of the head to keep the roof sheet raised to the
required height. The uprights are each made in three or other number
of lengths fitting together with fishing rod joints, so that they may be
readily portable, and each upright has a spike at the lower end to enter
the ground through an eyclet in the corner of the ground sheet; the
upper ends pass through similar eyelets in the roof sheet, and receive
ring caps, to which cords passing to pins driven into the ground are
attached. The foot end of the ground sheet is also secured to two tent
pins, and from these, in order to sustain the roof sheet, cords pass
through a ring or loop in the centre of the roof sheet and through the
rings on the top of the uprighs to the tent pins at the head of the tent.
Eyelets are provided all round the edges of the ground sheet for lacing
the tent together for carriage, and it is adapted to be folded and carried
on the back as a knapsack.
The construction may be varied by making the tent double both ends
like the head of the tent already described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR ELASTIC STOCKINGS, STAYS, CORSETS, BANDAGES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS OR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Henry Hill at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th June 1870.
I, JOHN GEORGE HENRY HILL, of Rouen, in the Empire of France,
and of 62, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR
ELASTIC STOCKINGS, STAYS, CORSETS, BANDAGES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS OR
WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
According to my improvements one side or part of the article to be
connected or fastened is provided with a hook or a series of them
according to the extent of the surfaces to be fastened, whilst the opposite
side or part is provided with a corresponding bolt or series of them, one
for each hook. Each bolt is capable of sliding in suitable bolt holes or
guides, and when a series of them is employed they may be all con-
nected together so as to be simultaneously slided in one direction for
simultaneous withdrawal from connection with the respective hooks, or
so that the releasing of the respective hooks may be consecutive or
otherwise, whilst the bolts may be slided in the opposite direction in
position for the connection of the hooks. The length of the respective

page_text: bolt holes may be varied. Such bolts may be drawn in one direction by
a spring or springs, and in the opposite for the releasing of the hooks
by a stud on the connecting rod, or by a lever or other suitable means.
In some cases any of a series of bolts may be acted upon to release
separate hooks. A guard or guards and shield or shields may be applied
to prevent the leather or other covering from being too readily worn by
the sliding of the connections to the bolts, and to aid ease of working
with comfort to the user, and prevent their acting injuriously on the
article to which the fastenings are applied. The hooks are also provided
with stops to prevent their slipping back off their bolts. The backs of
the hooks and of the parts in which the bolts slide may be turned back
over the plates carrying a series of them. For elastic stockings, stays,
and other articles requiring several of such fastenings to retain the parts
together the hooks on one side or part may be applied to one bar or
busk, whilst the parts carrying the corresponding bolts of the other part
may be applied to another bar or busk. In some cases the upper
portion of one or both of the bars or busks to which the fastenings are
applied may be capable of turning on the lower portion, tails or pro-
jections and stops being applied to control the extent of motion in either
direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING AND CONTROLLING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Octavius Chamberlin Stone and
William Pridgeon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th June 1870.
We, OCTAVIUS CHAMBERLIN STONE and WILLIAM PRIDGEON, both of
Odessa, Russia, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GOVERNING AND CONTROLLING
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct apparatus for governing
and controlling steam engines in such a manner that should the strap, or
wheels, or other mechanism employed to drive the governor cease to
work from any cause whatever the engine shall be stopped or checked,
whereas with the apparatus now ordinarily employed the engine would
run away and would endanger both life and property.
For this purpose in order to govern the admission of steam from a
steam boiler to the valve chest of a steam engine we employ in con-
nection with the governor of the engine a valve so constructed as to shut
off or partially shut off steam both when the governor is at rest and
also when the governor is driven at too great a velocity. The valve we

page_text: employ is a tubular valve, open at both ends, and capable of sliding to
and fro in a corresponding tubular casing. Steam is supplied to the
lower end of the tubular valve, and when the governor is at rest and
the valve in its highest position no steam can pass out from it to the
engine, but when the valve is lowered by the rotation of the governor
steam passes away from the interior of the valve through lateral openings
formed in it into a chamber or passage, which is in communication with
the valve chest of the engine, but if the governor is driven at too great
a speed the valve is lowered until its lower end comes down on to a
suitable seat, which shuts off the supply of steam to the interior of the
tubular valve, and the passage of steam to the engine is thus gradually
cut off.
The upper end of the cylindrical sliding valve is connected by a
rod passing out through a stuffing box to one arm of a lever, the other
arm of which is acted on by a Porter's or other governor driven by the
engine. When the engine is to be started the lever arm to which the
valve is connected is depressed by a handle formed on it; steam is thus
allowed to pass to the engine.
A spring may be applied to act on the lever, so that should the work
of the engine be suddenly changed the governor will immediately 2
fall to the centre of suspension and be kept there under full steam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING HEEL AND SOLE PIECES OR OTHER FORMS OF LEATHER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Thomas Sheppard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1870.
I, JAMES THOMAS SHEPPARD, of Northampton, in the County of
Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING HEEL AND SOLE PIECES OR OTHER
FORMS OF LEATHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery for
cutting the heel and sole pieces of boots and shoes, or other forms or
shapes of solid leather, such as washers, rivetting pieces, leather valves,
or other articles which are required to be made of an exact pattern,
whether circular, oval, irregular, or of a square section.
As an example of the Invention in reference to heel pieces of boots
and shoes wherein the pattern of the die or cutter is made to correspond,
I place the same on a vertical piston rod, and fix it by screw bolts and
nuts;
and above the cutter I adjust a block of wood or other suitable
yielding substance to receive the blow of the cutter and to act as a base
for the leather placed between them. The piston rod is set within a

page_text: cylinder or hollow guide which is bolted to standards and a table,
beneath which the gear for affording motion to the cutter is arranged,
and this consists of a main driving shaft and pulley actuating a pinion
giving increase of power to a toothed wheel on a second shaft carrying
an eccentric the revolution of which causes the cutter and its piston rod
to act with force and rapidity. The cutter is formed hollow and taper-
ing externally as well as internally; the piston is also hollow, and
consequently as fast as the pieces of leather are cut out from the sheets
they either fall or are forced through the cutter and hollow piston and
drop into a chamber where they are collected for use. The sheet of
leather to be cut is inserted between the cutter and block, and shifted
by hand as fast as pieces are stamped out. The wooden block is secured
within a metal case open at the bottom and two sides, and by two
clamps which tighten the opposite sides of the block and hold it firmly
in position, but in some cases the position of the block and cutter may
be reversed, the block being placed beneath the cutter, which is then
driven down by the piston on to the leather, so that the pieces stamped
out pass upwards within the piston for delivery.
By this machine great rapidity of motion is effected, and the heel and
sole pieces of boots and shoes may be cut out with perfect uniformity
according to the sizes and patterns required; it being only necessary to
adjust the cutters by means of the screw bolts, which may be done in a
few minutes, and one person may then feed the machine quickly enough
to produce 1500 patterns per hour.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SOLDERING TIN CASES OR CANISTERS OR OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Moir Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1870.
I, JOHN MOIR CLARK, of the City and County of Aberdeen, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
<< IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SOLDERING TIN CASES OR CANISTERS
OR OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to certain improvements in machinery
or apparatus to be employed in soldering tin cases or canisters, or other
similar vessels, consists, in the first place, of an apparatus whereby the
joint of the cylindrical part of the case or canister is soldered. This
apparatus consists of a revolving platform or disc supported by a pillar or
pedestal, this platform or disc is provided with any suitable number of
projecting arms or brackets on which the case, canister, or other vessel
to be soldered is placed; above each of the projecting arms a moveable
clip is placed, which clip is hinged to the revolving platform at one
end and provided with a handle at the other end, by means of which it
can be lifted or lowered as required. When the cases, canisters, or

page_text: other similar vessels to be soldered have been placed on the projecting
arms of the revolving platform or table, herein-before referred to, the
clips are lowered upon them and securely fastened by means of clutches
which are supported by the projecting arms or brackets, thereby retaining
the vessel firmly in position while the soldering iron is applied, or the
vessels may be retained on the projecting arms of the revolving platform
or table by any other suitable mechanism.
This Invention relates, in the second place, to certain improvements in
machinery or apparatus whereby the tops and bottoms of the cases,
canisters, or other similar vessels are soldered to the body, and which
apparatus consists of a revolving table supported on a pillar or pedestal,
on which table the case or canister is placed and retained firmly thereon
by means of clutches; these clutches are provided with screws in order
that the distance between them may be regulated as required according
to the diameter of the vessel to be operated upon. At one side of the
apparatus an adjustable soldering iron is placed, which iron may be
formed with a tube or channel extending from one end to the other in
order that a current of gas may be passed through it and the iron kept
at the required heat. The table may be caused to revolve with the
necessary velocity by means of spur gearing, or by any other suitable
mechanism, and the bottom or end of the case or canister is held in
position while being soldered by a spring or other contrivance attached
to the table.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN TREATING HUMAN EXCREMENT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Schad at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1870.
I, LUDWIG SCHAD, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN TREATING HUMAN EXCREMENT," to be as follows:-
:―
This Invention consists in an improved method of rendering human
excrement innoxious. I place under the privy, closet, or other place a
vessel containing common salt in a solid state in such quantity that the
urinc falling on it will always form a saturated solution, whereby all
decomposition is arrested and consequently smell prevented. When the
vessel is full it is removed to any suitable place, and the contents either
used at once as manure or treated by filtration and evaporation to
recover the excess of salt, which may be again used for the same
purpose. Though I have only mentioned common salt still other salts
may be used, such as chlorides of magnesium and calcium or mixtures
of the same.