Improvements in Brakes for Vehicles.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1892-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Brakes for Vehicles.
I, JULES OMER LEMOINE, of 7 Rue Daumesnil, Vincennes (Seine) France,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
My invention relates to an improved brake for vehicles consisting of a flat
composite preferably metallic wire cable of decreasing breadth which is flexible
inelastic and non-vibratory, thus combining all the conditions which are indis-
pensable in practice for the efficient working of brakes of this kind.
For road
vehicles the brake is coiled helically upon the wheel hub and upon the axle in the
case of tramway vehicles.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, wherein
Figure 1 represents a development and edge view of the cable.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the cable brake strap coiled upon the drum.
Figure 3 is a cross-section, and
Figure 4a rear view of the brake strap as applied to omnibuses and ordinary
vehicles.
Figure 5 shews the brake strap applied to tramway vehicles running in one
direction only.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, shew the brake strap applied to tramcars running in
both directions.
Figure 10 shews means for operating the brake lever with the aid of the driver's
foot or hand.
Figures and 12 shew respectively an elevation and plan of the brake and its
accessories, as applied to two-wheeled vehicles.
I will in the first place describe the cable itself, forming the principal object of
the invention, and then explain the manner in which it applied to ordinary
vehicles and to tramway vehicles, running in one or both directions.
(1) CONSTRUCTION OF THE CABLE.
Figures 1 and 2. The cable is preferably composed of metal strands a juxtaposed
so as to form by their union a flat band of varying breadth and provided on the
inner side in the majority of cases with frictional surfaces, consisting, in the present
example, for the first coil of wood blocks band for the whole or a portion of
the second coil of leather c. The wood blocks are made of such form as to
ensure a uniform pressure upon the sleeve or drun, that is to say the pressure of
each block, instead of decreasing, is rendered uniform by the bevelled part d being
opposed to the initial point of the cable by which means all vibration is prevented.
All the strands are united to a joint piece by which the initial point of the cable
is hinged at the tangent. To the final point of the cable is attached a flexible
connection.
(2) ORDINARY VEHICLES.
Figures 3 and 4. In the case of ordinary vehicles the brake strap is usually
applied in connection with a transverse bar g carrying the brake shoes, hung from
the body just in front of the hind wheels. A tension rod connects the bar to
the initial point e of the cable beneath the axis of the hub. The cable is coiled
one and a half turns around a drum i keyed on the hub. The flexible connection/
passing above the axis of the hub is connected with the drivers brake-operating

page_text: gear which may either consist of a pedal k, or handle (Figure 10) whereby the
motion of the vehicle may be either checked or arrested by a slight effort.
(3) TRAMWAY CARS RUNNING IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY.
Figure 5. The cable makes two turns around a drum i keyed on each axle,
the transverse brake-shoe carrier g is placed in rear of the wheels and the tension
rod is connected tangentially above the drum to the initial point e of the cable.
The opposite end of the cable is also attached to a flexible connection above the
centre of the axle and is connected with the driver's brake operating gear either
by a pedal or hand lever or rack.
(4) TRAMWAY CARS RUNNING IN BOTH DIRECTIONS.
Figures 6 to 9. The cable also passes twice around the drum, but the transverse
brake-shoe carrier is replaced by short brake carriers g, each suspended by means
of rods g placed in rear of the wheels and acting only on the right hand wheels
for the time being. The tension rods are attached to the joint piece of the
cable in a similar manner to that described for cars running in one direction only,
with this difference that the brake operating gear acts on the right hand wheels
only for the time being instead of upon all four wheels.
Figure 6 is a side elevation, and Figure 7 a plan of this arrangement. Figures 8
and 9 shew side and rear views of the brake operating gear, which, however,
forms no part of the invention and would vary according to the kind of vehicle to
which it is applied.
Figures and 12 shew a side elevation and plan of the brake applied to a
Hansom cab in which A is the brake strap encircling a flanged drum B keyed ou
the hub of the wheel. C is the brake bar to which is connected the operating
gear, consisting of a rod D and pedal E. G, H, is a leg hinged beneath the foot
board of the vehicle in front of the wheels terminating in a sliding shoe or friction
roller M. Jcord for raising the leg to the dotted line position shewn, by pulling
knob K, this cord being connected to the upper end of the vertical member or
strut H, which is fitted to slide in the horizontal guide 1. The leg is lowered by
releasing the cord J, thereby permitting the member H to be moved forward into
its vertical position by the pull of a spring acting through lever L. The object of
this leg is to prevent the down bearing of the shafts upon the back of the horse,
which would otherwise ensue on the application of the brake.
Dated this 18th day of April 1891.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Brakes for Vehicles.
I JULES OMER LEMOINE, of 7 Rue Daumesnil, Vincennes (Seine) France,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and a-certained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improved brake for vehicles consisting of a flat com-
posite preferably metallic wire cable of decreasing breadth, which is flexible,
inelastic and non-vibratory, thus combining all the conditions which are indis-
pensable in practice for the efficient working of strap brakes of this kind, in which
the brake obtains its grip by making more than one convolution about the hub in
the case of a road vehicle and about the axle in the case of tramway vehicles.

page_text: Reference is to be had to the drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification
wherein
Figure 1 represents a development and edge view of the cable.
Figure 1 shows a modification of Figure 1, in which a diminution of breadth is
obtained by a symmetrical arrangement of the strands.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the cable brake strap coiled upon the drum.
Figure 3 is a cross section and Figure 4 a rear view of the brake strap as applied
to omnibuses and ordinary vehicles.
Figure 3 shews the brake strap applied to tramway vehicles running in one
direction only.
Figures 6 (Sheets 3, 4) 7 (Sheets 5, 6) 8, and 9, shew the brake strap applied
to tramcars running in both directions.
Figure 10 shews means for operating the brake lever with the aid of the driver's
foot or hand.
Figures 11 and 12 shew respectively an elevation and plan of the brake and its
accessories, as applied to two-wheeled vehicles.
I will in the first place describe the cable itself, forming the principal object of
the invention, and then explain the manner in which it is applied to ordinary
vehicles and to tramway vehicles, running in one or both directions.
(1) CONSTRUCTION OF THE CABLE.
Figures 1 and 2. The cable is preferably composed of metal strands a juxtaposed
so as to form by their union a flat band of varying breadth and provided on the
inner side in the majority of cases with frictional surfaces, consisting, in the present
example, for the first coil of wood blocks and for the whole or a portion of the
second coil of leather c. The wood blocks are made of such form as to ensure a
uniform pressure upon the sleeve or drum, that is to say the pressure of each
block, instead of decreasing, is rendered uniform by the bevelled part d being
opposed to the initial point of the cable by which means all vibration is prevented.
All the strands are united to a joint piece e by which the initial point of the cable
is hinged at the tangent. To the final point of the cable is attached a pull rod.
(2) ORDINARY VEHICLES.
Figures 3 and 4. In the case of ordinary vehicles the brake strap is usually
applied in connection with a transverse bar y carrying the brake shoes hung from
the body just in front of the hind wheels. A link connects the bar to the
initial point e of the cable beneath the axis of the hub. The cable is coiled one
and a half turns around a druni keyed on the hub. The pull-rod passing above
the axis of the hub is connected with the drivers brake-operating gear which may
either consist of a pedal k or handle (Figure 10) whereby the motion of the
vehicle may be either checked or arrested by a slight effort.
(3) TRAMWAY CARS RUNNING IN ONE DIRECTION ONLY.
Figure 3. The cable makes two turns around a drum keyed on each axle,
the transverse brake-shoe carrier g is placed in rear of the wheels and the link h
is connected tangentially above the drum to the initial point e of the cable. The
opposite end of the cable is also attached to a pull-rod above the centre of the
axle and is connected with the driver's brake operating gear either by a pedal or
hand lever or rack.
(4) TRAMWAY CARS RUNNING IN BOTH DIRECTIONS.

page_text: for the time being. The links are attached to the joint piece of the cable in a
similar manner to that described for cars running in one direction only, with this
difference that the brake operating gear acts on the right hand wheels only for the
time being instead of upon all four wheels. Figure 6 is a side elevation, and
Figure 7 a plan of this arrangement. Figures 8 and 9 shew side and rear views
of part of the brake gear which varies according to the kind of vehicle to which
it is applied.
Figures and 12 shew a side elevation and plan of the brake applied to a
Hansom cab in which A is the brake strap encircling a flanged drum B keyed on
the hub of the wheel. (is the brake bar to which is connected the operating
gear, consisting of a rod D and pedal E. G, H, is a leg hinged beneath the foot
board of the vehicle in front of the wheels terminating in a sliding shoe skid or
friction roiler M. J is a cord for raising the leg to the dotted line position
shewn, by pulling knob K, this cord being connected to the upper end of the
vertical member or strut H, which is fitted to slide in the horizontal guide E. The
leg is lowered by releasing the cord J, thereby permitting the member H to be
moved forward into its vertical position by the pull of a spring acting through
lever L. The object of this leg is to prevent the down bearing of the shafts upon
the back of the horse, which would otherwise ensue on the application of the
brake.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. The hereindescribed brake operating strap of decreasing width provided
with friction blocks or segments for one part of its length, corresponding to the
first convolution or a part thereof and with a leather strap corresponding to the
second convolution or a part thereof as and for the purpose specified.
2nd. The combination with the brake operating strap forming the subject of
the preceding claim, of the brake bar g and shoes, link h and pull rod as described
and illustrated in Figures 3 and 4.
3rd. A strap operated brake for tramcars running only in one direction, con-
sisting in the combination with the brake strap forming the subject of the first
claiming clause, of the drum i, transverse brake-bar g, link and pull-rod fas
described and illustrated in Figure 5.
4th. A strap operated brake for tramcars running in both directions, consisting
in the combination with a brake operating strap of the kind described, of the
suspended brake bars and shoes g, links h and pull-rods 7, as described and illustrated
in Figures 6 to 9.
5th. A brake for two wheeled vehicles, consisting in the combination with a
brake operating strap of the kind described, its drum and with the means for
tightening it, of the jointed leg G, H arranged to operate as described and provided
with a sliding shoe, skid or friction roller M which is made to bear on the ground,
as and for the purpose specified.
Dated this 18th day of January 1892.
J. O. LEMOINE,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.