IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR THE PURIFICATION OF SACCHARINE SYRUPS:
Year: 1870

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to John Garrett Tongue, of the Firm of Tongue
& Birkbeck, Patent Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR THE PURIFICATION OF
SACCHARINE SYRUPS:". -A communication from abroad by Alexandre
Auguste Perier, Antoine Louis Possoz, Chemist, and Jean François
Cail, all of the Firm of A. Perier, L. Possoz, and J. F: Cail and
Company, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
ealed the 1st July 1870, and dated the 4th January 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Garrett Tongue at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on
the 4th January 1870:
Í; JOHN GARRETT TONGUE; of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent
Agents; and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR THE PURIFICATION OF SACCHARINE
SYRUPS," to be as follows:-
:―
The present Invention relates to a novel application derived from
processes for purifying the natural juices of beetroot and sugar cane by
means of lime and carbonic acid.

page_text: Hitherto the application of these processes in the manufacture of
sugar has been confined to the treatment of the juices comparatively
attenuated of such consistence as they may have on leaving the plant.
Now it has been found that the syrups which result from these juices
after they have been concentrated are capable of acquiring a new
character if they are again treated after concentration by means of lime
and carbonic acid. These syrups thus treated acquire a quality and a
purity which allow of their being so treated as to convert them into
sugar which has all the qualities of refined sugar.
'
The syrups are treated according to the present Invention in boilers
for carbon treatment similar to those employed for the juices. From one
to ten per cent. of genuine lime is used (to the weight of syrup)
previously diluted in a sufficient quantity of water to bring it to the state
of milk of lime. This milk of lime is added to the syrups either in a
continual stream or by separate portions,, or if preferred the whole may
be introduced at once, at the same time causing the carbonic acid to act
up to complete saturation. Experience teaches the manufacturer the
point of concentration to which the syrups must be brought before the
introduction of the lime and the carbonic acid, the degree of concen-
tration depends on the original purity of the juices. The syrups treated
once by the above process are filtered by the ordinary means either by
pressure filters or by any other suitable filter to render them clear;
they are then passed to the charcoal chamber before submitting them
to the baking. The deposits of carbonate of lime which result from the
filtration are diluted with a certain quantity of hot water, which may
be carried up to boiling point and the solution passed through the
pressure filters. The saccharine liquid which is collected is added to
the juices to be evaporated, and is afterwards returned through the
ordinary course of manufacture.
The sugars of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th classes may also be introduced
into the syrups of the concentrated juices so that they may be purified
again by the lime and the carbonic acid with the said syrups; they
may then be baked together and chrystallized in the first class. By
following this system one uniform quality only of sugar resembling
refined will be produced in the course of manufacture.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Garrett Tongue in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 2nd July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN.
GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents
and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Garrett Tongue,. Her special licence,, that
I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such. others as I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my executors,..
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES
FOR THE PURIFICATION OF SACCHARINE. SYRUPS," a communication to me from..
abroad by Alexandre Auguste Perier, Antoine Louis Possoz, Chemist,
and Jean François Cail, all of the Firm of A. Perier, L. Possoz, and
J. F. Cail and Company, of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing, undẹr my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same.
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal·
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Garrett Tongue, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the.
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The present Invention relates to novel applications: derived from
processes for purifying the natural juices of beetroot and sugar cane by
means of lime and carbonic acid.

page_text: Hitherto the application of these processes in the manufacture of
sugar has been confined to the treatment of the juices at the density.
they possess as they are obtained from the plant.
Now it has been found that the syrups which result from these
juices, when they have been brought to the density of 15 to 30 degrees,
are capable of acquiring a new quality if they are again treated by
means of lime and carbonic acid. These syrups thus treated acquire
quality and a purity which allow of their being dealt with in the baking
process as to convert them into sugar which has all the qualities of
refined sugar.
The syrups are treated according to this Invention in boilers for
carbon treatment similar to those hitherto employed. From one to ten
per cent. of the purest lime is used (to the weight of syrup) previously
diluted in a sufficient quantity of water to bring it to the state of milk
of lime. This milk of lime is added to the syrups, either in a continual
stream or by separate portions, or if preferred the whole may be
introduced at once, causing the carbonic acid to act simultaneously up,
to complete saturation. Experience guides the manufacturer as to the
point of concentration between fifteen and thirty degrees to which the
syrups must be brought before the introduction of the lime and the
carbonic acid, the degrée of concentration depending on the original
purity of the juices to be treated. These syrups having been treated:
once by the above process are filtered by the ordinary means, either by
pressure filters or by any other suitable filter to render them clear;
they are then passed to the charcoal chamber before submitting them
to the baking operation. The deposits of carbonate of lime which result
from the filtration are diluted with a certain quantity of hot water,
which may be carried up to boiling point, and the solution passed
through pressure.filters. The saccharine liquid which is collected is
added to the juices to be evaporated, and is afterwards returned through
the ordinary course of manufacture.
"
The sugars of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th "jets or classes may also be
introduced into the syrups of the concentrated juices, so that they may
bé purified again by the lime and the carbonic acid with the said syrups;
they are then dealt with together in the baking process and crystallized
in the first "jet" or class. By following this system one uniform
quality only of sugar resembling refined will be produced in the course
of manufacture, by which means the best results have been obtained.
**

page_text: "
These sugars may according to this Invention also be melted or mixed
in the juices either before or after the carbon treatment and decantation,
and at any suitable degree of concentration, to be carbonated afterwards
by means of fresh doses of lime and carbonic acid. These sugars
according to one part of this Invention are also introduced in the
preparation of other sugars foreign to or not produced in the same
manufactory. The same process of carbon treatment may be applied to
the syrups resulting from the crystallization of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd
jets," moulds, or classes. These syrups attenuated to bring them back
to a density which will permit the carbon treatment, say, between 10°
and 30°, according to the price of fuel, are after the addition of lime
and carbonic acid decanted and transferred to a granulated charcoal
filter, the sediments with the addition of water are boiled and transferred
to the pressure filters. This operation is repeated until no more sugar
remains in the sediments. The resulting liquids are employed to
attenuate the syrups to reduce them again to the density suitable for
carbon treatment. This purification of the successive syrups will always
give as to quantity and quality of crystallization a superior result to that
from the same syrups boiled and treated direct.
}
From the previous description it will be seen that the improved
operation consists in treating once or twice the saccharine juices of sugar
cane and of beetroot at their ordinary density as obtained from the plant
by lime and carbonic acid, afterwards in submitting the juices to another
lime and carbonic treatment (in the proportions which have been already
indicated) after the juices have been evaporated and concentrated to
between 15 and 30 degrees. The juices are thus submitted to two, and
more frequently to three operations.
The following improved method according to this Invention admits of
never having recourse but to two operations, and of altogether avoiding
the incrustrations which the juices at the density of 15 or 30 degrees
almost always deposit upon the surface of the evaporators.
First. The juices are treated at the ordinary density by one, two, or
three per cent. of lime, they are then carbonated; but this operation is
not carried up to the complete neutralization of the lime, but is arrested
in time for the juices to remain still slightly alkaline.
Second. The juices are sufficiently reheated to facilitate the separation
of the liquids and the precipitate, but without quite attaining ebullition.

page_text: The clear liquor is afterwards drawn off either by decantation or by.
filtration.
Third. The juices brought to this density are concentrated by evapo
ration up to 12 degrees.
Fourth. The juices brought to this density are treated by lime and a
carbonic acid as above described, and are afterwards dealt with as
previously described.
Fifth. The juices are again submitted to evaporation, and they may
thus be concentrated direct up to the state of baked sugar without
trouble, and without depositing incrustations on the heating surfaces of 1
the evaporating apparatus, which thus never require to be scraped, as.
the juices do not incrust below the density of 12 degrees.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Garrett Tongue, have here-
unto set my hand and scal, this Thirtieth day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.