In-. PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES FOR MINCING MEAT AND, OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Coppard, residing at 44, Lower Park
Street, in tho County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "In-.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES FOR MINCING MEAT AND,
OTHER SUBSTANCES."*.
Scaled the 12th March 1869, and dated the 14th September 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Coppard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1868.
I, JOHN COPPARD, residing at 44, Lower Park Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES FOR MINCING MEAT
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a cylinder of iron or other substance of
a particular form as described by the Drawings forming part of my
Provisional Specification, having one or more rows of knives, as shown
at Fig. 3 x, and Fig. 5 marked F and B, so arranged as to be moveable
at pleasure for sharpening or other purposes; Figs. 3 and Fig. 3 x,
F show the knives and box, which box is sccured in its position at B,

page_text: Figs. 1 and 5, by means of the plate and thumbscrew marked O, the
cylinder before mentioned to be of two or more pieces, and to have at
cach end an opening in the centre thereof, one of said openings to
be an outlet, P, Fig. 1, having a funnell attached thereto by screwing
or other suitable means, the opening at opposite end I, Fig. 1, to form
a bearing for end of axle, Fig. 2, marked I, to which certain pieces of
metal described as propellers, marked Q, Fig. 2, and E, Fig. 6, are
attached; the other portion of said axle is supported and works upon a
moveable bearing, as shewn, Fig. 4, and C, Fig. 2 and 6, placed in any
suitable manner or position to tlie aforesaid axle; the said bearing is
made in such manner as to act as a cutter also, and I would use one
or more of these bearings to each machine.
Figs. 7, 8, and 9 has referance to a machine the same in most
particulars as the one already described, the differance being as follows,
the construction of the cylinder, it being made in two straight halves
and being straight across at J, Fig. 7 and 9; Fig. 8 is a funnell and is
attached to the cylinder by a screw thread cut on the outside of cylinder
J, Fig. 7, and the inside of funnell at J, Fig. 8. I wish to remark
the knife box may be inserted from the inside or at end of cylinder.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is the cylinder open, it being in two picces, D shows the
hopper as arranged to cylinder; B shows the receptical for the knives
(bottom row); B, B, the top with knives fitted; parts marked A are
wedges to secure the knives in their place; I, Fig. 1, denotes main
bearing for axle marked I, Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is scpcrate view of axle with propellers attached for forceing
the meat or other substance against the knives F, Fig. 3 x, and finally
cjecting the meat or other substance from machine with the asistance
of H; the cnd propeller C is the moveable bearing, which is secured
in the first place between the propellers on the axle and when in use
is secured at each end by being placed in a groove cut in each half of
the cylinder, the parts marked x are washers to keep the propellers at
proper distance.
Fig. 3 shows the knives and box, the black lines marked F denote
the knives, and A, A, the wedges to keep the knives in position.
Fig. 3 x side view of knives and box.
Fig. 4 is the movcable bearing, seperate view.

page_text: Fig. 5, side view of machine ready for use. K, K, the cylinder;
B, the knife box closed;. D, hopper in which the meat or other
substance is placed; G, funnell through which the meat or other
substance is forced after being cut; M, the funnell is here connected
to cylinder by screwing it thereto; L, the handle by which the machine
is worked.
Fig. 6, end view of machine; C is the bearing secured on each side
of cylinder; D, the hopper; F, the knives; E, E, propeller to force
the meat or other substance against the knives; N, the axle on which
the propellers are arranged with bearing.
Fig. 7, another cylinder the same as the one already described Fig. 1)
with the exception of the parts marked J, this cylinder is made in two
halves straight across at J, a screw thread is there cut.
Fig. 8 is a funnell which is attached thereto by cuting a screw on
inside marked J.
LL
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Coppard in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 13th March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
COPPARD, residing at 44, Lower Park Street, in the County of Middlesex,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said John Coppard, Her
special licence that I, the said John Coppard, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Coppard,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
excrcise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

page_text: Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINES FOR MINCING MEAT AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
John Coppard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Coppard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing
forming a part of this Specification :--
My Invention relates to a machine which has a cylinder of iron or
other suitable substance of a peculiar construction wherein are enclosed
one or more rows of fixed knives and a series of rotating propellors.
The meat or other substance is cut or minced by these knives and is
carried forward by the propellors and delivered at the end of the
machine.
The said Invention consists chiefly, first, in the peculiar means for
supporting the propellor axle whereby I am enabled to construct the
machine with a central delivery and at the same time to support the
said axle in two or more bearings.
Second. In constructing the cylinder in such a manner that the same
may have a delivery nozzle readily attached and detached and may be
opened and closed without removing the nozzle.
Third. In supporting and securing the knives in such a manner that
they may be readily removed from the cylinder and replaced and secured
in the same.
The said Invention also consists in certain details of construction and
arrangement of the parts herein-after described. The cylinder is
constructed in two or more pieces hinged or jointed together so that
the said cylinder may be conveniently opened or closed, the upper
part being provided with a hopper, and the said cylinder has at each end
an opening in the centre thereof. One of the said openings forms the
outlet aperture to which when necessary a funnel is attached by

page_text: be taken out from the bottom of the box. The bar c which extends
from end to end of the said box is dovetailed therein and prevents the
displacement of the knives which are also secured by the screw c* in
the end of the said box. By thus supporting the knives in the box c¹
the entire series of knives may be readily removed from the cylinder
by any person using the machine, and the knives may be sharpened
without taking them out of the box c'. When the machine is provided
with two rows or series of knives and it is found that for certain
purposes the meat or other substance is being cut too finely one row
of knives may be removed from the cylinder, tho recess being then
filled by a plain block. The box c³ is secured in the cylinder by the
screw c. The axle e is supported in the main bearing f and outside
the said bearing the axle is provided with the handle g whereby the
machine is operated. The said axle is passed through the boss of the
propellers h, and is square or otherwise formed to prevent the turning
of the propellors thereon. Propellors for mincing machines have
heretofore been formed of soft metal, and though such propellors serve
well enough under ordinary circumstances, they are liable to be injured
by picces of bone or other hard substances which are sometimes
accidentally introduced into the cylinder. I therefore construct my
propellers of malleable iron or other hard metal instead of the soft metal
hitherto used. I also further improve the action of the machine by
constructing these propellors in one piece with the spacing collars h³,
instead of making such collars or rings separate, as they have hitherto
invariably been made. The movable bearing i, which is arranged
at such a distance from the end bearing f as to give a firm support to
the axle e, and which as seen in Figure 4 lics between two of the
propellors, is secured at the ends in grooves j cut in each half of the
cylinder. The said bearing may be provided with a brass bush or
lining as shewn in Figure 6b, or may be fitted upon the boss of the
propellor or upon the axle. The bearings i are preferably made of steel
and provided with cutting edges so that they serve as additional knives.
In cutting or mincing meat for sausages I provide a funnel or tube G
through which the meat or other substance is ejected after being cut
or minced. The said funnel is connected to the cylinder by screwing
it upon the neck at. It will be seen by referring to Figure 1 that this
neck is formed entirely on the bottom part a of the cylinder so that
the cover a¹ can be opened or closed without removing the said funnel.

page_text: This is of great advantage in filling the sausage skins as the necessity
of removing the skins from the tube in case of any temporary
derangement of the machine is a source of great annoyance and
inconvenience in other mincing machines. Instead however of con-
structing the cylinder in this manner the said cylinder may be made
as shown in Figures 9 and 10, wherein the two halves open across the
end and a screw is cut on the same to receive the funnel. When the
cylinder A is closed the two parts a, a', are secured by the link or
catch as, which is made to turn down over the wedge-shaped projection aº,
and by means of this link the cover a¹ is readily secured and released. It
has heretofore been the practice to fasten the two parts of such cylinders
at the joint by rivetting the lugs a' together, but this method of
construction is objectionable, as the said lugs are frequently broken while
being rivetted and the parts are not easily separated after the rivets
have been secured; I therefore employ screws or scrow pins a³ instead
of rivets for uniting the two parts together, which screws are inserted
without injury to the cylinder and which can be readily removed if
desired. The end propellor 2 which finally ejects the minced meat or
other substance from the cylinder is like the other propellors formed
with a square hole or otherwise made to fit the axle in such a manner
as not to turn thereon independently of the axle. The said end propellor
is kept in place endwise by the nut which fits a screw thread on the
axle and which lies in a recess in the propellor . The machine is
casily secured upon a table or bench by means of the cramp m.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that in my machine I
obtain the advantages of what is termed the central delivery in
combination with a firm and durable support for the axle. The pro-
pellors and knives by my improved construction and arrangement are
also rendered more durable and efficient than heretofore and the
entire machine is generally rendered more convenient and efficient
than other machines constructed for a similar purpose without increasing
its cost.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, and the best method
with which I am acquainted of carrying the same into practice, I
claim,―
First. Securing the knives c in a box or block which allows the entire
series of knives to be conveniently removed from the cylinder without
separating or disarranging them.

page_text: Second. The knives c and box c³ constructed and combined together
and secured in the cylinder a, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes set forth.
Third. Providing the propeller axle with a bearing or bearings in such
a manner as to combine the advantages of a firmly supported axle with 5
a central delivery or a delivery through an aperture in line with the
said axle.
Fourth. The movable bearings either with or without the brass
lining (and with cutting edges serving as additional knives) con-
structed and arranged in combination with the propellors h, h³, sub- 1
stantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Fifth. Constructing the end of the cylinder A in such a manner that
when the funnel is attached thereto the cylinder may be opened and
closed without removing the said funnel.
Sixth. The propellors / and /* fixed on an axle supported in two or 1
more bearings and the series of knives o fixed in the boxes c', all con-
structed, combined, and operating together within a cylinder with a
central delivery aperture, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Coppard, have hereunto set 2
my hand and seal, this Thirteen day of March, in the year of
our Lord thousand One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
Witness,
W. ROB. LAKE.
JNO. COPPARD. (L.S.)