IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING, CHURNING, AND MIXING FLUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Pollitt, of Charlotte Street, Blackburn,
in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and William John Knowles,
of Alton Street, Blackburn, in the said County, Machinist, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING,
MANGLING, CHURNING, AND MIXING FLUIDS."
Sealed the 20th May 1870, and dated the 25th November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Pollitt and
William John Knowles at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th November 1869.
We, WILLIAM POLLIIT, of Charlotte Street, Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and WILLIAM JOHN KNOWLES of
Alton Street, Blackburn, in the said County, Machinist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR WASHING. WRINGING, MANGLING, CHURNING, AND MIXING FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
We have one or more tubs or cisterns in each of which works a
dasher worked by machinery attached to framing supported from the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: said tubs or cisterns. Clothes are washed in the aforesaid tubs or
cisterns, in which also the process of churning butter or of mixing
fluids is carried on. There are a pair of rollers for wringing or squeezing
the water out of the clothes being washed, after which the same rollers
serve for the purpose of mangling them. The aforesaid rollers are
supported by a separate frame from that in connection with the tubs or
cisterns.
Our first improvement consists in the manner of working the dasher.
This dasher has a vibratory motion, and stands upright in the tub
or cistern, and has near or upon the top end of its shaft a spur pinion,
into which works a spur wheel or part of a spur wheel. This wheel
carries a pin forming a crank, and from this crank a connecting
rod goes to a similar pin forming a crank on a bevil wheel, which
crank is not of such a sweep or throw as the one on the spur wheel.
The aforesaid bevil wheel works into another bevil wheel on a horizontal
shaft, which shaft also carries a handle or pulley for giving motion to
the whole. By turning the said handle or pulley round the bevil
wheel on the same shaft communicates the motion to the other bevil
wheel carrying the crank pin, which by means of the connecting
rod communicates motion to the spur wheel having the crank pin,
but as the throw of the crank on the bevil wheel is not so great as that
on the spur wheel the rotary motion of the bevil only causes the
spur wheel to vibrate, which communicates that motion to the pinion
on the dasher shaft, and consequently the turning of the handle or
pulley before named causes the dasher to vibrate, and this vibration
is definite or fixed, that is, the dasher goes to and from the same
point every time without variation, and the amount of this vibration
is fixed and determined either by the relative sizes of the wheels or
the throw of the cranks, and this amount we purpose to limit to
not less than a quarter of a revolution of the dasher, and not more
than one revolution. The dasher has a pivot at its lower extremity which
works in a footstep in the bottom of the tub. The dasher is supported
near its upper end by the framing coming from the tub; this framing is
arranged with a slot for the convenience of taking out the dasher. The
dasher shaft turns about in this slot, and is kept in its place by a screw
pin which crosses the slot. When it is desired to take out the dasher the
screw pin is withdrawn or sufficiently so as to allow the shaft to come out
through the slot.

page_text: Our next improvement consists in the manner of making the dasher for
churning. It consists of one or more wings formed with a horizontal bar
or bars at the top and bottom, between and joining which are upright bars
not more than half inch thick, but we prefer them only quarter inch, either
made of wood or metal, but the latter preferred.
Our next improvement consists in the manner of making the dasher for
washing, and consists in forming it with a flat disc or one or more
horizontal bars at its lower end from which disc or bars spring as many
upright bars as thought fit, but which are not connected at their upper
end with anything.
Our next improvement consists in dispensing with the ordinary wooden
rollers now in use for wringing and mangling clothes and substituting in
place thereof stone rollers or metal rollers, or metal rollers covered with
metal of another kind, pot, glass, or any kind of enamel that will give a
smooth and durable surface.
Our next improvement consists in preventing the said rollers from coming
together throughout their length after any article has been passed through;
this is done by forming one or both rollers with a rim at each end, which
rim shall be in contact only, or by arranging a stop which shall prevent
the shaft of the top roller from falling so low as to allow the two rollers
coming into actual contact.
Our next improvement consists in making the framing supported from
the tub so that it can be easily removed and transferred to another tub,
which will allow of each tub being kept for a separate purpose while the
machinery and framing serves for all. For this purpose we make two
opposite sides of the tub with upright dovetails, into which the said fram-
ing slides, its own weight being sufficient to keep it steady, or we attach
plates or brackets to the tub and attach the framing to the said platos or
brackets.
30 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Pollitt and William John Knowles in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th May 1870.

page_text: Gentleman, and WILLIAM JOHN KNOWLES, of Alton Street, Blackburn, in
the said County, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Pollitt and William John
Knowles, Her special licence that we, the said William Pollitt and
William John Knowles, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said William Pollitt and William John Knowles,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thoreafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WASHING, WRINGING, MANGLING, CHURNING.
AND MIXING FLUIDS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said William Pollitt and William John Knowles, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Pollitt and William John
Knowles, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompaning Sheet of Drawings :-
We have one or more tubs or cisterns, in each of which works a
dasher. This dasher is actuated by machinery which is attached to
or carried by framework, and this framework is supported by the
said tubs or cisterns. In these tubs or cisterns clothes may be washed,
butter may be churned, or fluids mixed. We have also a pair of rollers
for squeezing the water out of the clothes being washed, after which
the same rollers serve for the purpose of mangling them, and these said

page_text: rollers we prefer to support by a seperate frame from that in connection
with the said tubs or cisterns.
The first part of our Invention consists in the manner of working
the dasher. This dasher has a vibratory motion and stands upright
in its tub or cistern, and has near or upon the top end of its shaft
a spur pinion into which works either a spur wheel, a toothed quadrant,
or a rack, which said spur wheel, quadrant, or rack carries a pin from.
which a connecting rod goes to a similar pin forming a crank on a
bevil wheel; this latter wheel works into another bevil wheel on a stud
or on a horizontal shaft, and turning in connection with a handle or
pulley on the same stud or shaft. By turning the said handle or pulley
round the bevil wheel in connection with it gives motion to the other
bevil wheel carrying the pin forming the crank, which by means of
the connecting rod communicates motion to the spur wheel, quadrant,
or rack, as the case may be, one of which works into the spur pinion
on the dasher shaft and gives motion thereto. If it be a rack which
works into the said spur pinion the connecting rod draws it backwards
and forewards, and this has the effect of turning the spur pinion first
If
one way and then the other, thus causing the dasher to vibrate.
it be a spur wheel or toothed quadrant. which works into the said
pinion the pin on the said spur wheel or toothed quadrant is placed
at a greater distance from the centre than the pin on the bovil wheel.
so that the rotary motion of the said bevil wheel may only produce
a rocking or vibratory motion of the spur wheel or quadrant, which
motion is accordingly communicated to the dasher, and is definite or
fixed, that is, the dasher goes to and from the same point every time
without variation, and the amount of this 'motion is fixed and
determined either by the relative sizes of the wheels or the throw of
the crank or cranks, and we purpose to limit this amount of motion
to not less than a quarter of a revolution and not more than an entire
revolution of the dasher. The dasher has a pivot at its lower extremity
which works in a footstep in the bottom of the tub. The upper end
of the dasher is supported by the framing coming from the tub, and
this framing is arranged with a slot in which the dasher shaft turns.
A scrow pin crosses the slot and scrves to keep the dasher shaft in
its place. When it is desired to take out the dasher the screw pin is
withdrawn or sufficiently so as to allow the dasher shaft to be taken

page_text: out through the slot. If we choose we may use the same dasher for
churning, mixing, and washing, but we prefer to use separate dashers
for each purpose and give to them the shape most suitable for the end in
view.
The second part of our Invention consists therefore in the manner of
making the dasher for churning, which we form with a horizontal bar or
bars at the top and at the bottom, between and joining which are a
number of upright bars not more than half inch thick, but we prefer
them quarter inch thick, and either made of wood or metal, but the latter
preferred.
The third part of our Invention consists in the manner of making the
dasher for washing. This dasher we form with an upright stem having
a flat disc or one or more bars at its lower end, from which disc or bars
spring as many upright bars as may be thought fit, but which upright
bars are not connected at their upper end with anything.
The fourth part of our Invention consists in dispensing with the ordinary
wooden rollers now in use for wringing and mangling clothes, and substi-
tuting in place thereof stone rollers or metal rollers, or metal rollers covered
with metal of another kind, or covered with glass, pot, or any kind of
enamel that will give a smooth and durable surface.
The fifth part of our Invention consists in preventing the said rollers
from coming together throughout their length after any article has been
passed through, so that the usual concussion of the two rollers coming
together might not crack or damage the working surfaces of the rollers;
this we effect by forming the rollers with a rim at each end, which rims
shall be in contact only, or we arrange a stop at each side of the machine,
which stops prevent the shaft of the top roller from falling so low as to
allow the rollers to come in contact.
The sixth part of our Invention consists in making the framing which
is supported from the tub so that it can be easily removed and trans-
ferred to another tub, and for this purpose we make two opposite sides
of the tub with upright slots, holes, or dovetails, into which the said
framing slides, its own weight being sufficient to keep it steady, or wo
attach plates or brackets to the tub, and attach the framing to the plates
or brackets; this arrangement will allow of a separate tub being kept
for different purposes, while the framing and machinery may serve
for all.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a front elevation and section, and Fig. 5 a plan of part of the
apparatus. A is a tub in which the process of washing, churning, or
mixing is carried on; in this works a dasher B having a vibratory
motion; C is a spur pinion ou the dasher shaft; D is a spur wheel
working into the said pinion; E is a counecting rod communicating
motion to the spur wheel D from the bevil wheel F, which is actuated
by the bevil wheel G; this wheel is fastened on the shaft H, to which
is also fastened the handle I, or other means of giving motion to the
working parts. When the handle I is turned round it communicates a
rotary motion to the bevil wheels G and F; this rotary motion is changed
in the spur wheel D into a vibratory motion by reason of the crank pin
being further from the centre than the one on the bevil wheel F; and
this vibratory motion is transmitted through the spur pinion C to the
dasher B.
Fig. 7 is a section, and Fig. 8 a plan of another method of giving a
vibratory motion to the dasher, viz., by a rack J, which takes the place
of the spur wheel D, Figs. 1 and 5; this rack is drawn backward and
forward by the connecting rod E, and causes the spur pinion C to turn
first one way and then the other, thus causing the dasher to vibrate.
The dasher has a pivot K, Fig. 1, at its lower extremity working in a
footstep in the tub bottom. The upper end of the dasher is supported
by the framing L, Figs. 1, 6, 7, and 8; this framing has a slot M,
Fig. 6, in which the dasher shaft turns, and through which the dasher
shaft may be taken out by withdrawing the screw pin N. The dasher B,
Fig. 1, is the one intended for use in churning, it consists of a horizontal
bar or bars at the top and at the bottom, and thin upright bars between
them.
Figs. 9, 10, and 11 shew the arrangement of dasher for washing,
Fig. 9 being an elevation, and Figs. 10 and 11 being plans of two
different sorts, Fig. 10 being made with a flat disc O, and Fig. 11 with
horizontal bars P, P. The upright bars Q, Q, spring from the flat disc or
horizontal bars, and are not connected at their upper ends.
Figs. 2
and 3 represent the arrangement of rollers for wringing and mangling,
R, R, being the two rollers; S, S, Fig. 3, represent the two rims, which
may be used for the purpose of keeping the rollers apart throughout
their length, the said rims being a little larger in diameter than the said

page_text: rollers do not allow them to come together; another arrangement for the
same purpose is represented in Fig. 2, where T is a stop or block of metal,
which prevents the shaft U from falling so low as to allow the rollers to
come together. L, Figs. 3, 6, 7, and 8 is the framing which is supported
by the tub; V are the holes, slots, or dovetails into which the framing slides,
its own weight being sufficient to keep it steady.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the means
of carrying it into effect, we wish it to be understood that the improvements
we claim are,-
The manner of giving a vibratory motion to the dasher; the dasher having
a definite vibratory motion limited to not less than a quarter of a revolution,
and not more than an entire revolution.
The smallness of the diameter of the bars in the churning dasher, and
making them of metal.
The manner of making the washing dasher, dispensing with the wooden
rollers usually employed in machines for wringing and mangling clothes,
and substituting in place thereof stone rollers or metal rollers, or metal
rollers covered with metal of another kind, or covered with glass, pot, or
any kind of enamel.
Preventing the said rollers from coming together throughout their s
length.
Being able to transfer the machinery and framing from one tub to
another.
A machine used for washing, churning, or mixing fluids and having a
dasher with definite vibratory motion, and at the same time the framing
being supported by the tub or cistern.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Pollitt and William John
Knowles, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth
day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
WILLIAM POLLITT.
(L.B)
WILLIAM JOHN KNOWLES. (L.s.)