Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 7th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 6th Apr., 1889
I, WILLIAM MORRIS MORDEY, of Victoria Works, Belvedere Road, Lambeth, in
the County of Surrey, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the improvement of electric generators especially
suitable for the production of alternate currents.
In alternate current machines which have hitherto been generally employed, such
as those of Wilde, Siemens, and others, the field magnets are numerous and are
usually arranged in two parallel circles facing one another with the armature between
them. In such machines the armature consists of a number of coils arranged
circularly with their axes parallel to the shaft of the machine. In the machine of
Ferranti the armature is sinuous or zigzag, this form being howover equivalent to an
arrangement of a number of coils. This general arrangement of armature and field's
has hitherto been regarded as the only possible one in machines where rapid
alternations have been required.
In the Complete Specification of a previous application for Letters Patent filed by
me dated 8 June, 1887 No. 8262 I have described and shown improved forms of
electric generator in which only a single field magnet with a single exciting coil or
winding is employed in place of a considerable number of magnets and coils, without
any diminution in the rate of alternations.
The present invention has for its object to provide a single armature coil or winding,
in place of a considerable number of such coils or windings. Thus I construct
alternate current machines for any required rate of alternations, in which there is
but one simple armature coil and one simple field magnet coil.
By these means the construction of such machine is greatly simplified, while at
the same time increased efficiency is obtained, and the difficulties of insulating in such
machines are much reduced.
The nature of this invention, which consists in subjecting the single armature coil
or winding to a succession of magnetic inductive impulses, either successively in the
same direction, or alternately in opposite directions, will be best understood from a
description of one method of carrying it into practice.

page_text: The armature conductor is formed into a simple coil, ring or annulus, or hollow
cylinder, usually of large diameter, and, relatively, of small radial depth or thickness,
and is supported with its axis in a horizontal plane. Masses of laminated iron, or
iron wire, are placed around its periphery at intervals, and with spaces between them.
These masses, which preferably extend somewhat beyond the sides or ends of the
coil, are parallel to its axis, and are laminated or subdivided in the direction of their
length. Alternately in angular position with regard to these outer iron portions, other,
and it may be similar iron masses, are placed inside the coil, and close to its inner
periphery. Like the outer masses, the inner ones are arranged parallel to the axis
of the coil, laminated in the direction of their length, and preferably extending
somewhat beyond the ends or sides of the coil. For convenience of construction the
iron masses, both inside and outside the coil may be shaped thus :-
.
the
outer ones being placed so that their ends point towards the axis of the coil; the
inner ones having their ends pointing radially outwards.
It will thus be understood that the single coil or annulus which forms the armature
winding is contained between two concentric circular rows of masses of iron, the
several portions of which, alternate in angular position with one another around the
outside and inside of the armature coil.
The number of these inner and outer masses of iron is determined by the required
rate of alternation, and by the rate of revolution of the moving part of the machine.
Thus, the number of alternations per minute is equal to the number of revolutions per
minute, multiplied by half the number of such iron masses. The disposition of
the conductors practically does away with any necessity for working at a high
current density or for limiting the space occupied by insulating material.
conductors are as easily and securely arranged as if they did not form part of a
dynamo.
The
The armature may be used with any suitable form of field magnet or magnets, but
I prefer a simple form of field similar to one of those described in the Specification
of my earlier application hereinbefore referred to, and consisting of an iron core
passing axially through the centre of the armature and having at either end a number
of radial arms or projections which come into close proximity to the ends of the
iron masses of the armature, the number of such projections extending radially from
each end of the field core being equal in number to the masses of iron on the outside,
or on the insido of the armature coil. The field core or winding is within and
concentric with the armature coil. This field winding may be wound
and rotate with the field magnet, but is preferably held stationary on a frame
provided for the support also of the armature coil and its iron masses. Thus the
only part of the machine rotated is the iron of the field, no collectors or rubbing
contact of any kind being required.
on
Although for simplicity and ease of construction I prefer to use a field magnet
of the form or on the principle of that above described I may employ other suitable
forms, such as those which give alternate north and south poles in successive order.
There are many ways, other than the one hereinbefore described, by which the
principle of this improved armature may be applied. The foregoing description is
intended only to explain the principle of the invention."
The relative positions of the armature and field magnets may be varied in any
suitable way. Thus the field core and winding instead of being within and concentric
with the armature ring, may be outside of, and concentric with the said ring, or may
be parallel with and facing one or both ends of it.
The iron masses of the armature may be U-shaped, enclosing the armature on
three sides, the open ends of the U-pieces facing the field poles, their being short
pieces extending across and between the field poles alternately with the armature
U-pieces. Or the field may be stationary, as well as the armature, the rotating part
comprising a number of laminated iron masses, which by their movement vary the
magnetic induction exerted by the field on the armature.

page_text: The field may be excited from an external source, or it may be wholly or partly
excited by a commuted current obtained from the armature.
I may construct machines on this principle for the production of continuous
current. For this purpose I prefer to make the armature in two or more separate
parts in which the currents are induced in waves which do not coincide in point of
time, one part being most active when the other is least active; or the several parts
may be so arranged that the waves of current overlap one another. By this arrange-
ment, combined with a suitable commutator; a current is produced approximating
to a continuous one.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per C. E. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I WILLIAM MORRIS MORDEY of Victoria Works, Belvedere Road, Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following Statement :-
This invention has for its object the improvement of electric generators especially
suitable for the production of alternate currents.
In alternate current machines which have hitherto been generally employed such as
those of Wilde, Siemens and others the field magnets are numerous and are usually
arranged in two parallel circles facing one another with the armature between them.
In such machines the armature consists of a number of coils arranged circularly with
their axes parallel to the shaft of the machine.
In a machine of Ferranti the armature is sinuous or zigzag this form being how-
ever equivalent to an arrangement of a number of coils. This general arrangement of
armature and fields may be regarded as typical of all machines hitherto employed
where rapid alternations have been required.
In specification of former Letters Patent dated 8th June 1887 No. 8262 I have
described and shewn improved forms of electric generators in which only a
single field magnet with a single exciting coil or winding is employed in place of a
considerable number of magnets and coils without any diminution in the rate of
alternations. The present invention has for its object a method of constructing a
machine having only a single armature coil or winding in place of a considerable
number of such coils or windings. Thus I am enabled to construct alternate current
machines for any speed and required rate of alternations in which there is but one simple
annular armature coil and one simple annular field magnet coil. By these means
alternate current machines are greatly simplified in construction while at the same
time increased efficiency is obtained and the difficulties of insulating in such machines
are much reduced.
The nature of this invention which consists in subjecting the single armature
coil or winding to a succession of magnetic inductive impulses either successively in
the same direction or alternately in opposite directions and in providing against
prejudicial inductive reactions in the field will be best understood from a description of
one method of carrying it into practice as shewn diagrammatically in Figs. 1 and 2
which are respectively an end elevation of the armature and a vertical section in the
line of the shaft. The armature conductor is formed into a simple coil, ring, or
annulus or hollow cylinder A usually of large diameter and relatively of small radial
depth or thickness and is preferably supported with its axis in a horizontal plane.
Masses II formed of laminated iron or iron wire are placed around its periphery at
intervals and with spaces between them. These masses which are shewn shaped are
preferably laminated or subdivided as shewn. Alternately in angular position with
regard to these outer iron portions I I other laminated iron masses K K are placed
inside the coil A and close to its inner periphery. These iron masses K K like those I I

page_text: are shaped, the outer masses I I being placed so that their ends point towards the
axis of the coil whilst the inner ones K K have their ends pointing radially outwards.
It will thus be understood that the single coil or annulus A which forms the
armature winding is contained between two concentric circular rows of masses of
iron 1 I and K K the several portions of which alternate in angular position with one
another in the order IK IK around the outside and inside of the armature coil. The
number of these inner and outer masses of iron is determined by the required rate of.
alternation and by the required rate of revolution of the moving part of the machine.
Thus the number of alternations or complete periods per minute is equal to the
number of revolutions per minute multiplied by half the number of such iron masses.
The disposition of the armature winding A practically does away with any necessity
for working at a high current density or for limiting the space occupied by insulating
material. The conductors are in fact as easily and securely arranged as if they did not
form part of a dynamo.
It will be observed that by the use of the masses K K (which I call magnetic
short-circuiting pieces) all or nearly all prejudicial inductive effects in the magnet
are avoided, the flow of magnetic lines of force in the magnet being maintained
practically constant.
Thus the lines of force pass through the magnet and either through the pieces I I
or K K according to the position of the poles, or partly through one and partly
through the other when the poles are passing from one to the other, the magnetic
circuit never being interrupted.
The several pieces II and K K should be so designed with regard to one another
that whether the lines of force are passing through II or through K K the resistance
of the magnetic circuit should be sensibly constant. By this arrangement I avoid
useless expenditure of energy which would otherwise be manifested by the heating of
the poles and core of the magnet and in other ways. This method of providing
for the continuity of the magnetic circuit may be applied in other ways than those
shewn in the figures which however sufficiently describe the principle.
The armature may be used with any suitable form of field magnet or
magnets but I prefer a simple form of field as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2 similar in
principle to one of those described in my former specification hereinbefore referred to
and consisting of an iron core C mounted upon the shaft S passing axially through the
centre of the armature coil A and having at either end a number of radial arms or
projections n n, ss which come into close proximity to the ends or sides or both as in
the arrangement shewn of the iron masses II and K K of the armature the number
of such projections n n or ss extending radially from each end of the field core being
equal in number to the masses of iron on the outside or on the inside of the
armature coil A. The field coil or winding F is within and concentric with the
armature coil A. This field winding may be wound on and rotate with the field
magnet Cns and shaft S but is preferably held stationary on a frame provided for
the support also of the armature coil and its iron masses. As the figs. are diagram-
matic this frame is not shewn. Thus the only part of the machine rotated is the
shaft S and the iron of the field magnet, no collectors or rubbing contact of any kind
being required.
Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate diagrammatically another way of carrying out this invention
in which the outer iron masses II of the armature are LI shaped as before enclosing
the armature on three sides the open ends of these ☐ pieces I I facing the field
poles ns there being other laminated pieces of iron K K extending across and between
the field poles ns alternately with the armature LI pieces. The relative positions of
the armature and field magnets may be varied in any suitable way.
Thus Figs. 5 and 6 shew an arrangement in which the field C with its poles nn, s s
and field winding F instead of being within and concentric with the armature are
outside of and concentric with the armature. In this arrangement (Figs. 5 and 6)
the armature masses II, K K and armature coil A are supposed to be attached to and
carried by the shaft S but in this or any of the other arrangements either the
armature or the field may be revolved.

page_text: Various other ways of arranging the parts will readily suggest themselves to those
skilled in the art to which this invention relates.
Thus the field and armaturo parts of the machine may be arranged to face each
other in a horizontal direction as hereinafter described with reference to figs. 7, 8
and 9. Or the field may be stationary as well as the armature the rotating part com-
prising a number of laminated iron masses which by their movement vary the
magnetic induction exerted by the field on the armature.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 shew one way in which this arrangement may be carried out.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section.
Fig. 8 is an elevation of the rotating laminated masses the supports of which are
however not shewn and
Fig. 9 is a plan of a portion of the machinę.
It is to be understood that these masses are supported in any suitable manner and
driven by a shaft S.
The field consists of a grooved casting Cns containing the magnetising winding F
and provided with projections n n s 8 forming the poles of the magnet.
The armature winding A is surrounded at intervals on three of its sides by the
laminated shaped iron masses I I the open ends of which project in the direction of
the field magnet. Between the armature and field is the rotating part of the machine
consisting of laminated iron masses K K, K³ K' of which K K are of such a length
as to extend from the poles n to the poles s of the field magnet while K¹ K' which are
in pairs are short radially as shewn and are magnetically. separated by a distance
equal to the distance between the poles n s. The masses K K preferably do not
extend from the field poles ns to the armature iron masses I I. but are separated from
the latter by a considerable distance being however in close proximity to the poles n 8.
The masses K' K' are of such a size or width that they almost fill the spaces between
II and n 8. This construction is clearly shewn in figs. 7 8 and 9. The action of this
arrangement is as follows:-
When the several pairs of pieces K' K' occupy the spaces between the poles n s
and the iron masses I 1 of the armature the magnetic lines are caused to traverse the
pieces II and thus enclose the coil A.
When the masses K¹ K' are midway between the poles n n the masses K K are in
the position facing the said poles and the lines of force then pass, direct through the
said masses KK and not through the armature masses I I. Thus the armature
masses II are alternately magnetised and demagnetised and alternate currents are
thereby generated in the armature coil A. By the presence of the masses K K in
this form of machine as well as in the forms illustrated by the preceding figures the
magnetic circuit is practically a continuous and uninterrupted one and the field of
force is maintained constant with a minimum expenditure of energy and without any
wasteful and injurious reactions and electric inductions in itself. These magnetic
short circuiting masses may be applied in other forms of machine for this purpose.
The masses KK, K' K' are mounted in any suitable manner upon a shaft S.
These figs. (7, 8 and 9) illustrate the arrangement of rotating laminated masses
disposed in conjunction with a fixed single coil armature and single coil multipolar
field. I may however apply the same form of armature with a form of field of
alternating polarity such as that shewn in Figs. 10 and 11 and hereinafter
described.
Although for simplicity and ease of construction I prefer to use a field magnet of
the forms or on the principle of those above described I may employ other suitable
forms such as those which give alternate north and south poles in successive order at
each end or side of the machine.
Figs. 10 and 11 which are respectively an end elevation and a longitudinal section
illustrate a construction in which such a field is applied to an armature arranged as
described with reference to figs. 1 to 4. In this case the field poles are alternately N
and S and the magnetic induction about the armature coil A is reversed in direction
instead of being only varied in intensity.
The field magnets may be constructed in various ways. Thus instead of the double

page_text: star wheel shewn in Figs. 10 and 11 a number of magnet bars may be arranged
parallel with the shaft in a circle each bar or each alternate bar having a magnetising
winding and each provided with polar extensions occupying positions similar to the
poles nn, ss in Figs. 10 and 11. This arrangement may be modified in several ways
without departing from the principle involved as for instance by having the armature
placed inside and rotating as in Figs. 5 and 6 the field being made to encircle it with
the poles projecting radially inwards. Or the poles may be at the sides or ends of
the armature and either the magnet or the armature rotating. There are many ways
other than those hereinbefore described and shewn in the drawings annexed by
which the principle of my improved armature may be applied. The foregoing
description is intended only to explain the principle of this invention and the manner
of applying the same in the construction of electric generators.
The field may be excited from an external source or it may be wholly or partly
excited by a commuted current obtained from the armature.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an alternate current dynamo an armature comprising a single coil or winding
provided alternately within and without with iron masses and a field magnet having
polar extensions in proximity to the ends of the said iron masses substantially as
hereinbefore described and for the purposes specified.
2. In an alternate current dynamo an armature comprising a single coil or
winding provided with iron masses in combination with a field magnet having a single
exciting coil or winding and polar extensions in proximity to the ends of the iron
masses substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. An armature (whether rotary or fixed) constructed substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described with reference to and shewn in figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 and in
figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings annexed.
4. In an alternate current dynamo a fixed single coil armature and single coil
multipolar field in combination with rotating iron masses which alternately form
polar extensions and short circuiting bars or masses to the field magnet poles sub-
stantially as herein described.
5. The arrangement of alternate current dynamo with or without short circuiting.
masses K substantially as herein before described with reference respectively to and
shewn in Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 in Figs. 5 and 6 and in Figs. 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings
annexed.
6. In an alternate current dynamo the combination of an armature comprising a
single annular coil or winding provided alternately within and without with iron
masses and a field maguet having poles alternating in sign, substantially as herein
described.
7. The arrangement of armature and field (the latter having poles alternating in
sign) substantially as herein described with reference to and shown in Figs. 10 and 11
of the drawings a
annexed
Dated this 7th day of January 1889.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.