IMPROVEMENTS ON MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING FLAX, WOOL, WASTE SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1824

page_text: CHELL'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIP
CHELL, of Earls Court, Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of October, in the fifth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Philip Chell, His especial license, that I, the said Philip Chell,
my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Philip Chell,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS ON MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING FLAX,
WOOL, WASTE SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Philip Chell, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Philip Chell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained in
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following explanation thereof; that
is to say :-
My Invention consists of a series of machines for the purpose of drawing,
roving, and spinning flax, wool, waste silk, and other fibrous substances, which
I have hereby, and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, particularly described.
In Fig. 1, I have shewn the particular mode of constructing my first
machine, the operative part of which consists of a number of rollers placed
upon shafts or spindles, supported in sliding heads, upon carriages such as are
used in all machines of a similar nature, and which rollers are formed with
smooth surfaces in order to avoid injury to the substance which is made to
pass through them; and in the lower rollers are cut grooves, in order to con-
fine the substances and prevent them spreading, so as that the edges of the
roving may not be broken, but may pass in one uniform thickness. Corre-
sponding with the grooves in the lower rollers are bosses in the upper ones, as
shewn in Fig. 2. In the Drawings hereunto annexed, I have shewn the series
of rollers to consist of two under rollers and one upper one resting between the
two under ones; but I do not confine myself to the use of two under ones and
one upper one, but I occasionally use three under ones and two upper ones, as in
Fig. 7, or any other number which I find convenient for holding and drawing the
substance upon which I am operating, my principle being that of using smooth
rollers, with upper rollers resting between the under ones, so as to hold the
substance operated upon firmly at two or more points, as shewn in the
Drawings. I prefer using my rollers grooved, as shewn in the Drawings, for
the reasons before stated; but I occasionally use them without grooves.
In the mode of driving my rollers I claim nothing new, that being occasionally
in one form and sometimes in another, and all by modes known and practised
amongst machinists. In Fig. 1, A and B represent two smooth rollers
resting one upon the other in the usual way, and are merely rollers to guide
the substance operated upon to the next rollers, marked C, D, and E. From
the rollers C, D, and E, the substance passes to the rollers F, G, and H, and is
by them drawn any number of times the operator thinks fit, as I vary at
discretion the number of times I draw the substance. The roller I is merely a
guide roller, intended to direct the roving downwards towards the rollers K, L,
from whence it passes into a can or other vessel adapted for the reception of it.
I have described the rollers I use as formed with smooth surfaces, and I
decidedly give a preference to them; but I do not mean to exclude myself
from rollers with grained surfaces or fluted or otherwise marked, with the
tool placed in the same position; the advantage of my Invention being that of

page_text: firmly holding the substance operated upon between two or more under rollers,
with upper rollers resting between them.
Fig. 3 represents a machine with a similar arrangement of rollers of the
same nature, and designated by the same letters as in Fig. 1; but instead of
passing the roving through the rollers K and L, as in Fig. 1, I convey it over
a drum into a can; but I either use or dispense with the drum at pleasure;
and in this machine, and in all my other machines, as in Fig. 1, I vary the
proportion of drawing at pleasure.
Fig. 4 is a machine for still further reducing the roving, consisting of a
similar series of rollers, which are severally marked with the letters A, B, C,
D, E, F, G, H, and I; but instead of receiving the roving from this machine
over a drum, as in Fig 3, it is taken up by a bobbin and flyer in the usual way.
It may also be taken into a lanthorn; or, if the operator prefers to carry it to
the spinning frame without any twist, it may be received into a can.
Fig. 5 shews the application of my machinery to a spinning frame, and
which in no degree varies in principle from the arrangement in the roving
frames previously described, except that in my spinning machine I dispense
with the guide rollers A and B, and place between the rollers E and G a guide
roller marked O, in which I introduce a groove to conduct the roving from
the rollers C, D, and E, to the rollers F, G, and H.
Fig. 6 represents the same series of rollers as shewn in Fig. 5, applied to a
mule machine, except that in the mule machine I dispense with the roller I;
and in order to facilitate the taking off and winding of the cop, I occasionally
use a bobbin.
In the construction of the rollers I do not confine myself to any particular
material from which to form them, nor in their size do I restrict myself to any
given dimensions.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Chell, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Thirteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
Sealed and delivered, being first duly
stampt, in the presence of Henry
Garritt, 96, Aldersgate Street, Oil &
PHILIP (L.S.) CHELL.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Thirteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord 1825, the aforesaid Philip Chell came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.