matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE GAS BURNERS FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Thompson, William Henry Thompson and
William Joseph Booer all of Queen Square Leeds in the County of York for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE GAS BURNERS FOR HEATING
PURPOSES."
(Void by reason of the Patentees having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Thompson, William
Henry Thompson and William Joseph Booer at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 25th July 1882.
DAVID THOMPSON, WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON, and WILLIAM JOSEPH BOOER,
all of Queen Square, Leeds, in the County of York, " IMPROVEMENTS IN REGENE-
RATIVE GAS BURNERS FOR HEATING PURPOSES,"
The object of our said invention is to provide a superior form of burner for
heating purposes, and for obtaining great heating power from the combustion of
gas in a state of admixture with air.
Our said invention consists of a square, cylindrical, or otherwise formed vertical
pipe, which is open to the atmosphere at its lower end, and at which end the nozzle
of the gas pipe is inserted in the usual manner. The upper end of this tube is
provided with an enlarged chainber which may be rectangular, cylindrical, or of
other convenient form. The top plate of this chamber is perforated with a number
of small vertical holes, through which the mixture of gas and air passes. Com-
bustion takes place just above the surface of the top plate, causing the top plate
and the regenerative chamber to become heated, and a portion of such heat is
communicated to the mixture of gas and air as it enters and becomes mixed in such
chamber, whereby the mixture is better prepared for being utilised for heating
purposes, than occurs in the ordinary form of Bunsen burner.
The superficial area of the top plate of the heating chamber is much larger than
the sectional area of the tube attached thereto.

page_text: The mixing tube, heating chamber, and perforated burner, may be constructed
of metal, fire clay, pottery ware, or other suitable materials, and the heating
chamber may be of any suitable shape or construction, provided the requisite
proportional capacity is adhered to.
The diameter and length of the mixing tube: the cubical contents of the heating
chamber, and the superficial area of the perforated plate of the burner, are
respectively proportioned to the quantity of gas to be burned and the amount of
heat required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAGONS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hornsby and Robert
Edwards at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March
1882.
"
WILLIAM HORNSBY of Elsham House Grantham in the County of Lincoln
Agricultural Engineer, and ROBERT EDWARDS of Grantham in the County of
Lincoln aforesaid Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WAGONS
This invention has for its object improvements in the construction of wagons.
In wagons in which at either or both ends or sides hinged doors are fixed, we
corrugate or otherwise indent the doors with corrugations in order to make these
doors stiff enough to withstand the strain upon them when the wagons are
loaded.
In arranging the draw bar and door fastening catch we put the catch above the
draw bar both being carried or encircled by the same small brackets at each end-
each being central vertically and the draw bar hook being made central with its
own stem so as to carry the strain which may come upon it without any tendency
to bend it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARQUET A communication by " FLOORING AND IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1882. A com-
munication by Franz Heinrich Schmidt of Altona in the kingdom of
Prussia.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL Civil Engineer and Patent Agent in the
city of Hamburg Germany "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PARQUET
A communication by
"
FLOORING AND IN APPARATUS OR MACHINERY THEREFOR
Franz Heinrich Schmidt of Altona in the kingdom of Prussia
This invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of parquet
flooring and in apparatus or machinery therefor.
A great essential of a good parquet-flooring is the exact fitting of the differently
colored or shaped parts of veneer that are used and the secure fastening of these
parts upon the ground boards. According to this invention the veneers are cut in
shape by a circular cutter the supporting frame of which is provided with a bed
similar to that of a lathe and on this bed a sliding table is arranged to which
adjustable abutments (iron blocks) can be fastened by clamps and bolts. This
table can be moved by the operator on its bed in a forward and backward direction
and by arranging the circular saw so that it works along the edge of the table the
saw will cut off all parts of the veneers pressed or held against the above
mentioned abutinent projecting above the inner edge of the table which affords the
means for very exactly cutting the required shape of the veneer pieces as the
cutting line corresponds in all cases to the edge of the sliding table.
The different portions or pieces of veneer are arranged on the corresponding
ground board to form designs as desired and are by means of joiners glued and a
press of original construction fastened to the board. This press is constructed with
two jaws sliding in a frame and operated by a screw and suitable lever or handle.
One of the jaws is furnished at its bottom side with a supporting board covered
with sheet metal and to this board the ground board with attached veneer is
placed before the glue has completely hardened or dried and by afterwards forcing
the jaws together the veneer which are placed downwards and rest upon the
bottom board are pressed to the work and are joined in a superior mauner.
the glue has sufficiently hardened the veneered grounds can be removed from
the press.
After
IMPROVEMENTS IN
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ford Stanley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1882.
WILLIAM FORD STANLEY of 5 Great Turnstile London
PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
An application of a pecular divided scale which I term a focal scale to the sliding
parts of a Camera, by means of which the camera may be set at once in Chemical
Fucus of any object ready to take a Photograph of proportional size, by measurement
only, instead of by observation of the reflected image upon ground glass. Also of
means of adjusting this scale by an underslide. To carry out this invention the
camera has affixed to it, or inlaid in a part, a scale of Ivory or other material
indicating distance of focus and proportion of image, in such position that the
movement of a sliding part either in the mounting of the lens or the body of the
camera, carries an index which indicates the focal value of movement of the sliding
part. By the movement of the sliding part the focus is set for any given distance
of object to be photographed, by the scale the proportion of the image of the object.
indicated upon the scale as size size, and so forth as well as the distance in feet
inches or other measurement that the object is placed to be photographed from an
index line on the camera.
Further to carry out this invention the camera or the stand upon which it is
fixed has a slide by which the camera can be moved a short space to finally adjust
the measurement to the scale. This slide may be moved by a screw or by hand.
The focal scale may be replaced by a rack and pinion, or other mechanical
equivalent, and the readings may be placed upon a dial instead of a straight scale,
this being practically equivalent to the straight scale described for the purpose of
indicating the distance of object to be photographed and its proportional size, the
object of this invention.
In the above invention it must be particularly observed that the scale applied to
the camera is not one of equal parts for this has been before applied to cameras
but it is one in which the scale is proportional to the focal distance of the lens.
The straight Scale is represented in drawing attached by A a modification with
rack at B.
1
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH LIQUIDS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at
the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1882. A communication
to him from abroad by Otto Obermaier, of Lambrecht, in the Kingdom of
Bavaria.
JASPER WETTER, of New Wandsworth, Surrey "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MODE OF TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS WITH LIQUIDS, & communication to me
from abroad by Otto Obermaier, of Lainbrecht, in the Kingdom of Bavaria;
This process which is applicable to all operations in which a liquid has to act on
textile material, consists essentially in forcing, by means of a pump, a continuous
current of liquid into a perforated tube rising inside a cylindrical or prismatic
receptacle in which the material to be treated is placed.
This receptacle, which is likewise perforated, and covered with a lid is placed in
a tank, the inner pipe being coupled to the discharge pipe of the pump which pipe
passes through the bottom of the said tank, in such a manner that the liquid forced
by the pump into this pipe is obliged to pass through the textile material in order
to flow back into the tank, and as the suction pipe of the pump opens into the
bottom of this tank, the liquid circulates continuously in passing through the
inaterial to be treated.
The lid of the receptacle is secured to the latter by means of a screw joint which
allows it to be casily removed, and tightened at will.
. The perforations in the inner pipe have a larger diameter than those of the
outer surface of the receptacle, so that the liquid may be obliged to pass through
the whole surface, and consequently through the entire charge of textile material
contained in the receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAMMOCKS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Harding Holman and
William Carlton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd
July 1882.
RICHARD HARDING HOLMAN Master of Grantham Workhouse, and WILLIAM
CARLTON, Draper, both of Grantham in the County of Lincoln, "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HAMMOCKS
"
Our Invention relates to an improved hammock suitable for outdoor use in
camp, tent, or otherwise, or on board ship, but especially adapted for use in the
casual wards of workhouses and. in other public institutions where a strong and
durable hammock is required.
The hammock is made of sail cloth or other durable fabric and is so constructed
as to afford the maximum of comfort to the occupant-whilst it is well adapted
to support the rough usage and wear and tear incidental to the uses for which it
is principally designed. The hammock may be constructed of one or more plys
of fabric and is made in such a way that the head of the occupant shall be left free
and unencumbered by the sides collapsing and falling inwards over the face, but
shall rest upon a plane, firm, and yet elastic support whilst the sides of the
hammock are caused to collapse in such a way as to wholly or partially envelop
the legs and feet of the occupant.
To this end the hammock is contracted opposite the head by the side edges
being doubled or folded inwards upon themselves one or more times and secured
in such manner as to leave the folded portions free to rise and gradually approach
one another over the body and legs of the occupant.
The hammock is stiffened transversely and prevented from further contracting
under the weight of the occupant by stretcher bars, one at the head and the other
at the foot, these bars being contained within sheaths formed by stitching together
two plys of the fabric. The head stretcher extends across the contracted head
portion of the hammock from side to side, it being of a length equal to the width
of the hammock less the inwardly folded side portions, and the foot stretcher is
less than the total width of the hammock so as to allow the sides to approach
above the feet.

page_text: The means by which the hammock is slung or suspended consist of sets of chains
radiating from rings, the chains terminating in hooks which are engaged
respectively with corresponding eyelets fixed in rows or otherwise in the head and
foot ends of the hammock, the chains being of such lengths-respectively pro-
portionate to the positions of their eyelets, that the strain shall be equally divided
between them. The rings to which the chains are attached may be connected to
hooks fixed in stakes driven in the ground for outdoor use, or fixed to a wall or
other support in other cases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS OR LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Geminiano Zanni at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1882.
GEMINIANO ZANNI of Charles Street, Hatton Garden, in the City of London
Electrician "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS OR LIGHTING APPARATUS"
My Invention relates to improvements in that class of electric lighting apparatus
in which light is produced by the heating to incandescence of the end or point of
a small rod or pencil of carbon (forming the positive electrode) which is forced by
weights or equivalent means into contact with a block disc or piece of carbon or
metal of large diameter which constitutes the negative electrode.
In such lamps as heretofore constructed it frequently happens that the lamp is
either entirely or partially extinguished by reason of a flaw or imperfection in the
carbon of which the positive electrode is formed, or by the breakage of the said
electrode. My invention is designed to obviate or minimize these defects and is
carried into practice as follows, that is to say. Instead of using a single small rod
or pencil as the positive electrode in the aforesaid lamps I employ two or more
rods or pencils which are preferably so arranged as to touch each other or be in
close proximity to each other. These small rods or pencils are preferably mounted
in one and the same carbon holder and are fed into contact with the carbon or
metal disc constituting the negative electrode, by means of weights or in any other
suitable manner. By the employment of a series of rods or pencils as above
described I am enabled to obviate or minimize the aforesaid defects in lamps of
the class above described, as, in case one carbon rod or pencil fails to emit light by
reason of its breakage or a Baw in the same, the adjacent rod or rods will still
remain in action.
In some cases where a very intense light is desired I may employ a block of
magnesium or lime to constitute the negative electrode in place of the disc or
block of carbon or copper or other metal. Moreover instead of using a disc or
block as the said negative electrode I may employ therefor a rod of carbon of
greater thickness than the combined thicknesses of the positive rods, pencils, or
electrodes against which rod the said positive electrodes are forced by any suitable
Incans.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC AND REGULATING APPARATUS CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1882. A communication
from abroad by Edward Weston of Newark, New Jersey, United States of
America.
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co Patent Agents
Southampton Buildings, London "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRO MAGNETIC AND
REGULATING APPARATUS CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
communication from abroad by Edward Weston of Newark, New Jersey, United
States of America.
A
This Invention relates to electro magnetic apparatus and is designed especially
for use with electric lamp regulators or in similar devices, the chief objects of the
said Invention being to produce a magnet which while occupying a very small
space shall possess great attractive power
In carrying the said Invention into practice I provide a hollow spool of metal or
other material between the flanges of which a number of convolutions of coarse
copper wire are wound. Suspended within the said hollow spool is an iron core
attached to, or forming part of, an iron shell which completely encloses the top and
sides of the spool or helix. The action of a magnet thus constructed will be found
to be much more powerful than that of the ordinary type, as both the core and the
shell are affected by the current circulating in the coil.
Its application to an electric lamp will be obvious from the following description.
There is a pivoted frame carrying a train of gear wheels meshing at one end by a
In this case,
pinion with a carbon rack bar and ending in a fan or flutter wheel.
as the magnet is energized and the shell and core drawn down, one of the train of
wheels (generally the flutter wheel) is brought into engagement with a detent.
By this means the rack bar to which the carbon is attached is raised and the arc
formed.
The special advantage of this form of magnet lies in its reduced size and great
power Usually it is necessary to employ a V-shaped or horse-shoe magnet with
these lamps, as the attractive force produced by a single helix is not sufficient to

page_text: sustain the weight of the carbon, the rack-bar, and other parts, but the form just
described has been found to be amply sufficient for all practicable purposes. It
possesses the further advantage of involving the minimum of expense and difficulty
in its manufacture as compared with any of the forms of electro-magnet now
employed
It is sometimes desirable to wind the helix with two separate coils, one of coarse
wire for the main or arc circuit, the other of fine wire for the shunt about the
lamp, the purpose of this as is now well understood is to effect a more delicate and
accurate feed of the carbons than is obtained by the usual method of employing a
spring to counteract the attraction of the main magnet. In this case the effect of
the fine wire coil would be to counteract that of the inner coil and produce a very
delicate and sensitive magnet
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA SLIDES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1882. A communi-
cation from abroad by Claudius Grataloup and Jean Baptiste Leymarie both
of the city of Paris in the Republic of France.
"
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON of 6 Southampton Buildings Holborn in the
county of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLA SLIDES A communication
from abroad by Claudius Grataloup and Jean Baptiste Leymarie both of the city of
Paris in the Republic of France.
This invention relates to that part of the mounting of an umbrella, sunshade or
parasol which secures the ends of the stretchers or supports to the ribs, when the
umbrella is opened, and is consequently intended to supersede the ordinary tubular
slide with slot, for the spring hasp and check.
It consists of a tubular slide with an upper rim furnished with notches or nicks
for receiving the ends of the stretchers or supports which are threaded in the usual
manner and bound by wire round a groove made in the upper portion of the tubular
slide, it also comprises a second tube fitting inside the first and having a cap or
head through which by means of apertures therein, each of the stretchers passes;
these two tubes slide one on the other so that free play is given to the stretchers,
in either opening or closing the umbrella.
To the slide which is loosely adjusted on the stick of the umbrella, the cap or
crown bearing the apertures for the movement of the stretchers is fixed in some
convenient manner and on this slide the first moves in which the ends of the
stretchers are fixed, each of these slides at the lower ends are provided with projecting
rims.
In closing the umbrella all that is required is to hold the slide at the rim of the
external one and push upwards on the rim of the second slide next the stick, this
slide then moves in the outer one, and the cap fixed to it follows in advance and
pressing by all its apertures on the stretchers forces them against the stick and
renders them fixed. Thus the branches or stretchers and ribs are firmly held close
to the handle.
In opening the umbrella the reverse operation is performed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES, TRICYCLES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wallace Ash at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1882.
GEORGE WALLACE ASH of "The Leader Bicycle Works" 13 Russell Street
Southsea in the County of Hants. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES,
TRICYCLES AND OTHER VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to bicycles tricyclos
and other vehicles and consists in means of or apparatus for adjusting the seat or
saddle of the machine and thereby at the same time applying pressure to actuate
the brake in order to reduce the speed of or stop the machine and to prevent tho
pressure coming off when once applied and until desired.
I will now describe my Invention as applied to a tricycle but the same may be
used in conjunction with any other vehicle of similar class.
Upon the framing of the machine is provided on either side a metal socket piece
within which works a grooved handle bar formed as a screw adjustable to suit the
height of the rider upon which socket piece is keyed a nut through which the screw
handle bar passes and works. Upon the lower end of said handle bar is keyed
a "sprocket" wheel for gearing with an endless chain said chain being geared with
another sprocket wheel forming a nut said nut being recessed and keyed into the
framework of the machine through the centre of which sprocket wheel and nut is
passed another slotted or grooved screw for supporting the saddle bar. At the
back part of said saddle bar is a socket piece into which the brako bar takes and is
fastened.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The screwed handle bar at the side of the machine is turned in its socket piece
and actuates the first sprocket wheel at the extremity thereof and by means of the
chain gearing with the sprocket wheel actuates said sprocket wheel nut which nut
acts on the slotted screw which supports the saddle bar. When the screw is lowered
the seat is lowered also thereby applying pressure to the brake and so according to
the turns given to the screwed handle bar the speed will be reduced. When the
screw is raised the seat is also raised and the pressure of the brake is taken off,
IMPROVEMENTS IN VERTICAL. ROUGH AND FINE GRINDING MILLS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Felix v. d. Wyngaert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1882. A communication
by Otto Soldan of Frankfort on the Oder in the German Empire.
FELIX V. D. WYNGAERT, Civil Engineer of 8 Friedrich Strasse, in the City of
Berlin, and German Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VERTICAL. ROUGH AND FINE
GRINDING MILLS a communication by Otto Soldan of Frankfort on the Oder in
the German Empire, aforesaid
"
This invention relates to improvements in vertical rough and fine grinding mills
and differs from all vertical constructions hitherto in use as the grinding stones
are only rings of stone and that a scoop or shovel apparatus regularly feeds the
mill at all points
The vertical mills up to the present in use were arranged so that two full stones
worked against one another, of which only one rotated; or two stones worked
against a third.
These mills have the objection that they work only on one side.
The corn which is fed in the middle of the stones is caught by the revolving
stones, is driven by the centrifugal force outwards, and at the same time falls on
account of its own weight
Such mills therefore only grind on a third part of the stones, i.e., from the lowest
point of the same over 1/3 of the revolving direction, consequently the stones wear
away on one side and the grinding is irregular
By using rings for grinding, I shorten to a great degree the course, which the
grain to be ground, has to make, prevent thus the injurious heating of the corn or
other material operated upon and attain a like product with an expenditure of far
less power.
Besides this by employing a scoop or shovel apparatus for feeding the mill, I
attain an equable working over the whole of the grinding surface. The stones
wear down regularly and the mill is able to grind a proportionally much larger
quantity.
The feed roller supplies the corn to be ground regularly to the mill whereas a
scoop or shovel apparatus throws the corn on to the stones.
The one stone is stationary and the other rotates around its axle, which said

page_text: axle is rounded off at one end so as to form a pivot. This said pivot is in contact
with a second pivot with rounded off point, so that these two said pivots touch one
another only in one point.
The last mentioned pivot is let into a sliding case or shell,
In order to draw back the axle and the revolving stone upon it when the pivot 5
is withdrawn, the two pivots are connected by means of a metal claw or coupling.
The entire mill is enclosed in a suitable casing.
The shovel or scoop apparatus is provided with two different forms of scoops or
shovels which are concentrically arranged.
Instead of these however suitable scoops or shovels in the form of straight or 1
bent arms of the revolving stones can be employed.
The feed does not take place in the middle but from the side so that the corn
reaches the interior scoops or shovels
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRAMES FOR PICTURES, LOOKING- GLASSES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fisher and Thomas
Wolstencroft at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
11th November 1882.
JAMES FISHER of Church Entry, Carter Lane in the City of London and THOMAS
WOLSTENCROFT of Richmond Crescent, Barnsbury in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRAMES FOR PICTURES, LOOKING-
GLASSES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES."
The object of this invention is to construct frames for pictures, looking-glasses,
and similar articles in a simple cheap, durable, and effective manner.
To this end we propose to utilize the waste cuttings of straw boards used by
book binders and others, by building up and fastening together two or more
thicknesses so as to form a solid strip having a rebated back or edge, and to cover
this solid rebated compound strip of straw board, or mill board, with a flexible
veneer of wood or other suitable material so as to give it a handsome appearance,
cutting and joining the strips together by mitre or other joints.
We thus are enabled to produce from a hitherto waste product frames presenting
the appearance of solid woods of choice varieties, or otherwise handsomely
ornamented, at a far less cost than they could be made from solid wood of the
plainest and commonest kind.
The waste parings and small scraps which cannot be used as above described may
be pulped, and then moulded to form strips, and be formed into frames and
completed in the way above described.
.
The sides of the frames may be secured together or strengthened at the corners
by means of wire staples, and the backboard or its equivalent may be attached to
the back of the straw board strips to give additional solidity thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1882.
THOMAS JONES of Sedgley near Dudley
OF LADDERS
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of ladders and has
for its object to impart additional strength durability and safety to a ladder
and also to allow of the same being readily repaired in case of damage or injury
thereto.
My improved ladder consists of two wooden side bars fitted with any convenient
number of tubular iron or metal rungs in the following manner that is to say-
Having bored suitable holes through the side bars corresponding in number and
size to the number and size of the rungs to be used to form the rounds of the
ladder I then place the ends of the rungs therein and drive the same through for
about three parts of the depth of such holes.
I then with an oblong drift or in any other convenient manner open or expand
the ends of the rungs so that they become embedded in the substance of the wood
and cannot possibly be removed unless they are drifted out.
I then in order to still further secure such rungs to the frame of the ladder drill
holes placed at suitable distances apart and in convenient positions through the
side bars and through the ends of the rungs into which holes I insert screws or
rivets and washers thus not only firmly securing the rungs but also the sides of
the ladder in position.
I plug up the holes wherein the ends of the rungs are placed with wooden plugs
and then plane them down so that the sides of the ladder present a smooth and
even surface to the hands which is a very great advantage inasmuch as it allows
of their being gripped firmly in case of stumbling or slipping when ascending or
descending and thus materially adds to the security of the ladder.
I make the tubular iron or metal rungs either round oblong or of any other
convenient form and I corrugate or roughen them on the top in order to prevent
the feet slipping-I sometimes also make them stouter on the top or wearing part
than underneath and at the bottom of larger diameter than at the top arranging

page_text: them so that they gradually diminish in size towards the top. Such rungs may
also be galvanized or not as preferred.
Ladders constructed upon my improved principle can be made at little more
than one half the cost of those made in the ordinary manner at the same time
that they are more durable and not so liable to break as those made with the
ordinary wooden rungs.-They can also be repaired with far greater facility while
from their increased strength they will carry far more weight and are generally
much safer and more useful than those in ordinary use.
My invention may also be applied with advantage in the construction of ladders
for fire escapes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING AND OTHER STOVES AND FURNACES FOR ECONOMISING FUEL AND THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Leggott and Edwin Marsh
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1882.
HENRY LEGGOTT of Bradford in the County of York Ironmonger and EDWIN
MARSH of Leeds in the said County Engineer "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF COOKING AND OTHER STOVES AND FURNACES FOR ECONOMISING
FUEL AND THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE."
The object of this Invention is to arrange fire grates for the heating of cooking
and other stoves and furnaces for heating water and generating steam in such
manner that the fuel is economised and the smoke or carbonized vapour consumed
to such an extent that little or no soot can collect in the chimney flue.
We accomplish our object by arranging at or near the bottom of the fire grate
an opening into a flue communicating with the main or chimney flue through
which the heated gases from the fire are made to pass, and the smoke arising from
the fuel having to pass through the fire to the opening is thereby consumed, thus
economising fuel.
In the case of cooking stoves and other domestic grates we fix a partition at the
back of the fire dividing the latter from a flue communicating with the main or
chimney flue. At the top of the first mentioned flue we fix a plate which is heated
by the gases passing from the fire through the before mentioned opening, by which
means a hot plate is formed heated by the surplus heat: and in order to regulate
the amount of draught to the fire we fix a damper in the fue communicating with
the main or chimuey flue. By closing the before mentioned damper and opening
dampers in connection with the oven or set pan fixed at each side of the fire the
heated gases pass under and heat the same economising the fuel and consuming
the smoke as before described.
In order to clean out the bottom of the fire grate and flue at the back, we mount
a door at the underside of fire grate which on being opened will allow the ashes
and any refuse to fall away.
MENTS IN BRAKE GEAR FOR USE ON RAILWAY WAGONS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Mullins Haime at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1882.
JABEZ MULLINS HAIME, of Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
MENTS IN BRAKE GEAR FOR USE ON RAILWAY WAGONS
"
"IMPROVE-
This brake gear may be considered as an improvement upon the gear in ordinary
use which it resembles in its main features, but differs from it in details.
The brake blocks are pivotted to hangers slung from the side of the wagon and
forced apart (to apply the brakes) by adjustable push rods or levers, which are
actuated through a hanging rod pivotted to a short crank or lever by means of a
long hand or foot lever in the ordinary manner.
The ordinary hangers are made of flat pieces of metal bent into a loop at top and
having the wooden brake blocks screwed to them; now I pivot the improved
hangers as usual, but twist the metal, so that its broad face is parallel to the wagon
side (instead of at right angles to it) so that it conveniently fits into the jaws upon
the metal brake block which I employ. This block is curved to fit the tyre of the
wheel and has a groove extending lengthwise in the face to allow air to pass
between the block and wheel and has a projection upon its side which takes upon
the flange of the wheel, while a flange upon the said projection helps to keep the
block steady upon the wheel.
The adjustable push rod or lever has a jaw which fits upon the hanger, the depth
of the jaw being such that, should the pin which holds its other end drop out and
the lever fall, the edge of the jaw will catch upon the hanger and so prevent the
other end from reaching the ground or rails, and thus obviate a frequent cause of
accident to goods trains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOMETRIC APPARATUS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silvanus Phillips Thompson and
Colman Charles Starling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 18th December 1882.
SILVANUS PHILLIPS THOMPSON of University College, Bristol, Professor of
Experimental Physics, and COLMAN CHARLES STARLING, Demonstrator in the said
University College, "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOMETRIC APPARATUS,"
This invention, which relates to improvements in photometric apparatus, consists
in the employment of interchangeable opaque screens in ascertaining or comparing
the intensity of lights. These screens are formed of two members either plain or
coloured and attached to one another at any desired angle, the double screens thus
formed resembling wedges having the ends opposite the apex open to admit of
their being placed on a support, either fixed to, or adjustable upon the horizontal
bar of the photometer. The bracket carrying the candles may be either fixed to,
or adjustable on, the bar, which is graduated on the proper portion of its upper
face according to the law of universe squares, or the scale may be formed inde-
pendently of the bar and applied or attached thereto.
The light from the candles is directed upon one face of the double screen, and,
in measuring lights below a certain intensity, the rays of the light to be measured
are directed upon the opposite face of the double screen, the light being carried in
a bracket either fixed to, or adjustable on, the bar.
For the measurement of lights of higher intensity, the light therefrom is reflected
from its position at an ascertained distance on to the proper face of the screen
through the medium of a mirror which is adjusted on the photometer bar to the
requisite angle. The face of the reflecting mirror may be plane, concave or convex
as may be desirable. Under this invention, the relative illuminating power of two
or more lights for different colours may be compared without the use of coloured
glasses, and the inconveniences and disadvantages attendant upon their employment
are thus obviated.
The observing mirrors required in the "grease-spot" photometer are also dispensed
with
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur George Fenn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1882.
ARTHUR GEORGE FENN, of Palmerston Buildings, in the City of London, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES AND IN APPLIANCES
CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
My invention is designed to effect an automatic rocking movement of the bars
of furnaces or other grates, and is especially applicable to the bars as patented to
J. Dodge and T. E. Coles under date 31st of March 1874, and Number 1122.
My improvements consist:
Firstly in modified arrangements for hanging and rocking the grate bars.
Secondly in automatic mechanism by which the bars may be rocked or agitated
without attention from the stoker.
My modified hanging arrangements are as follows: I suspend the bearing bar
from one of the fire bars by a lug and pin at the end farthest from the rocking bar.
The nearer end of the bearing bar rests on a rack segment on the rocking shaft,
which in that case drives the bearer with a reciprocating movement, or alternatively
the end nearest to the rocking shaft may rest upon a roller thereon, the farther end
being hung from a fire-bar as before, and the reciprocating movement may be given
to the bearer, by a lever arm keyed on the rocking shaft, and connected
by a link.
My automatic mechanism for rocking the bars is as follows:-
A reciprocating bar is carried on suitable supports at the foot of the boiler
seatings. To this bar are connected the extremities of the levers, which rock the
rocking shafts under the grates, and the reciprocating movement to the sliding bar
is given by an eccentric or crank motion from a counter shaft provided with fast
and loose pulleys, and driven in any convenient way, from other shafting or
machinery in the neighbourhood. A variable speed can be obtained by parallel
coned pulleys.
This arrangement is suitable for land and fixed boilers in ranges, and where other
machinery is in convenient proximity.
In other cases where such driving power is not accessible, or for marine purposes,
I attach, by a bell-crank or other convenient lever, the crank of a donkey engine,
conveniently placed to drive the aforesaid sliding bar.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1882.
JOHN HARRINGTON of Coventry in the County of Warwick. IMPROVEMENTS IN
TRICYCLES AND OTHER VELOCIPEDES.
The Invention has for its object improvements in tricycles and other velocipedes
and relates to that class of machines known as double drivers in which motion is
given from the crank axle to the driving wheels through the intervention of
ratchet wheels and pawls giving motion to chain wheels and chains but which
have hitherto been usually driven only in one direction. In order to enable such
machines to be driven backwards when desired employ an additional ratchet
wheel and pawls which are brought into action when the motion of the crank axle
is required to be reversed. For this purpose I fix on the crank axle the additional
ratchet wheel and I mount upon the chain wheel on such axle two or preferably
three pawls which are ordinarily kept out of action by springs but which when it
is required to drive backwards are brought into action by a guide or controller
operated by a lever or otherwise.
If desired the positions of the pawls and ratchet wheels may be reversed.
These arrangements are also applicable to the axle of the driving wheels in
cases where such axle receives motion by connecting rods and cranks or by chains
and chain wheels or otherwise from the crank axle and also to the means for
communicating motion to the driving wheels in cases where the latter are caused
to rotate on fixed axles.
When applying this reversing action to machines in which the axle of the
driving wheels is rotated by connecting rods and cranks operated by the crank axlo
the wheels are mounted loosely on their axle and the forward motion thereto is
communicated from their axle by ratchet wheels and pawls at which time the
backward gear is out of action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Tigho at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1882.
CHARLES TIGHE, of Lombard Street, in the City of London IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHIRTS
The Invention has for its object improvements in shirts and relates to a novel
construction and adaptation of parts whereby the shirt is made to support the
trousers thereby dispensing with the use of braces whilst an even setting of the
shirt front is at the same time obtained.
For this purpose I attach straps to the front and back of the shirt, those at the
front being placed on each side of the shirt front and connected at their upper
parts to the yoke or shoulder pieces whilst they are sewn along a considerable
portion of their entire length to the body of the shirt, loose ends being left to enable
the connecting ends to be fixed thereto and adjusted thereon as required.
The strap or straps at the back I form of one piece with or I connect by sewing
to the yoke or shoulder pieces which latter I form so as to fit closely to the
shoulders of the wearer by which means I cause the strain upon the straps to be so
equally distributed that the wearer has perfect freedom of motion of the arms
and the objectionable ligature-like pressure on the shoulders is effectually
avoided.
The connecting ends are removably connected to the straps by buckles or other
adjustable fastenings or those at the back may if desired be connected to the straps
by a stud.
The front straps being sewn along a great part of their length down each side of
the shirt front ensure the correct fitting of the front.

page_text: novel construction and adaptation of parts whereby the shirt is made to support
the trousers thereby dispensing with the use of braces whilst an even setting of
the shirt front is at the same time obtained substantially as herein shown and
described.
In witness whereof I the said Charles Tighe have hereunto set my hand and
seal this Eleventh day of August in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
CHARLES TIGHE. (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY WAGGONS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Keeton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1882.
SAMUEL KEETON, of Lenton, in the county of Nottingham, "IMPROVEMENTS IN
COUPLINGS FOR RAILWAY WAGGONS AND OTHER VEHICLES
"
My improvements consist of three modifications of apparatus, in one modification
I employ a rocking axle shaft, provided at or near the centre of its length with a
projecting arm hinged to a link, attached to a looped link, which is hinged to the
draw bar, of a railway waggon, between the draw bar hook (which is of a peculiar
shape), and the waggon end; each end of the rocking axle shaft carries a hooked
lever formning a handle, these levers can be engaged with catch levers forming the
outer ends of a second rocking axle carried by bearings, above the first named
bearings and secured to the end of the waggon, by which means the link or
coupling can be secured either when up or down.
The second modification consists of the same apparatus as the first described
with the addition of a slot in two plates attached to the draw bar, in which plates
the coupling hook bolt slides, or I may slot the draw bar, so as to to allow the hook
to slide in it.
The third modification consists of a
described, the link being secured to the
through both buffers, outside which hand
lifting the link as before described.
draw bar, and coupling link as before
draw bar by an axle shaft, which passes
levers are secured on the axle shaft for
The peculiar shaped draw bar hook, above mentioned allows of the requisite
play of the waggons when in motion, the coupling link in cach case drops over the
Look of the next adjacent waggon, by these means, I am enabled to couple or
uncouple waggons without passing between or under the buffers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER OR OTHER MATERIAL FOR WRAPPERS FOR PACKING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Greenwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1882.
JAMES GREENWOOD of Bacup in the County of Lancaster, Wholesale Druggist,
Drysalter and Confectioner "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF PAPER OR
OTHER MATERIAL FOR WRAPPERS FOR PACKING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
The Invention is applicable to paper or other material for making wrappers or
packages for the purpose of protecting confectionery or other articles, such as
coffee cocoa etc. from dampness, and, to prevent evaporation of the aroma or volatile
essence from such substances, and consists in the application of a fine coating of
paraffin wax to the paper or other material. This can be done by rubbing upon
the paper or other material melted paraffin or a mixture of melted paraffin and oil,
but by preference I apply the paraffin by dissolving the same in fine shalo oil
spirit, petroleum spirit or other solvent and dipping the aforesaid paper or other
material in the mixture. The spirit evaporating leaves a very thin coating of
paraffin which protects the paper or other material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1882

page_text: A coni-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1882.
munication from abroad by H. Vogt of Berlin in the Empire of Germany
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH K.G.V, Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office under the firm of L. A. Groth & Co 30 Finsbury
Pavement London E.C. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
cation from abroad by H. Vogt of Berlin in the Empire of Germany
A communi-
The invention relates to improvements in apparatus for tightening warp and in
self acting, regulating devices connected therewith, the object being to simplify the
operation of changing the warp beam.
These improvements consist of the following arrangements. A pair of brake..
checks jointed together by a hinge joint or a brake band faced with woollen felt
are adapted to the brake sheaves carried on both ends of the warp beam. The
lower parts of these brakes take on to and turn on studs fixed to the loom frame
and the upper parts of these brakes are so held by means of hinged pieces carried
by connecting rods which take on to studs fixed to the loom frame at the requisite
points, that when the warp beam is taken out the apparatus is opened, and when
the warp beam is put into the opened apparatus the latter is closed.
The studs carrying the lower parts of the brakes also carry pressure levers
furnished with draw screws and nuts, which latter screws and nuts serve to unite
the outer ends of the of the brake checks, and by loading the said levers the brake
checks or brake straps as the case may be, are pressed together or tightened.
The loading of the pressure levers on both sides of the apparatus is effected by a
feeling and pressing apparatus connected together into a whole by means of a cross-
bar. This feeling and pressing apparatus is so arranged that when certain feelers
touch the empty warp beam, the weights on the pressure levers take their innermost
position when the warp beam is full these feelers cause the weights on the pressure
levers to take their outermost position and similarly for all intermediate diameters
of the warp beam, the feelers cause the weights on the pressure levers to assume
automatically positions corresponding to the said diameters whereby the yarn is
always stretched with the same tension, whatever the effective diameter of the
yarn beam may be.

page_text: According to another arrangement of the apparatus, the warp beam lays in the
customary bearings, and the pressure levers, as well as the combined feeling and
pressing apparatus is adapted to the usual cord or chain brakes. In this case the
draw screws are replaced by hooks, to which the cords or chains are hung.
The said cords or chains pass round the brake sheaves of the warp beam, as
the latter rests in its bearings, and are made fast with regulating screws at
their other ends to crossheads taking on to studs in the loom frames.