Improvements in Ratchet Drills.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1895-Accepted, 11th Jan., 1896
Improvements in Ratchet Drills.
I, CHARLES A. WILLIAMS, of New Whatcom in the County of Whatcom and
State of Washington United States of America, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to ratchet drills, and has for its object to provide a simple
and efficient construction whereby a continuous rotation in a uniform direction may
be imparted to the drill bit by the operation of an oscillatory lever, the tool being
of such construction that it may be compactly folded with the loose operating parts
arranged in a suitable sheath forming part of the device.
Further objects and advantages of this invention will appear in the following
description and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in the
appended claims.
In the drawings
:-
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a drill constructed in accordance with my
invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal central section of the same showing the operating rods
arranged in the hollow handle.
Figure 3 is a transverse section through one of the members of the shell to show
the clutch and gear mechanisms.
Figure 4 is a detail view of the core.
Figure 5 is a detail view of one of the shell-sections detached.
Figure 6 is a detail plan view partly broken away of the core.
Figure 7 is a detail longitudinal section of a portion of the hollow handle to show
the bayonet slot for arrangement by the lateral lugs of the operating rod.
Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the figures of
the drawing.
The shell or casing of the improved drill comprises twin upper and lower
sections 1 through which passes a tubular socket 2 upon which said sections are
loosely mounted for rotation. Interposed between these shells which are hollow, is
a disk-shaped core 3, loosely mounted upon the axial socket and having peripheral
rabbeted seats 4 in which the edges of the shell are fitted, and mounted for rotation
in a slot 5 in the core, said slot being arranged perpendicular to the radius of the
core, is a pinion 6 which projects at its opposite sides slightly beyond the planes of
the upper and lower surfaces of the core. A radial oil-hole 7 see Fig. 3 is formed
in the disk extending from the periphery thereof and fitted with a screw-plug 8
whereby oil may be supplied to the pinion.
Secured to the socket between the planes of the outer sides of the shell sections
is a friction sleeve 10 in the construction illustrated said sleeve being separable
from the socket and being held in place by means of transverse pins 11, and
mounted concentric with the socket and with openings of sufficient size to receive
said friction sleeve are gears 12 provided with clutches to engage and communicate
motion to the socket through the friction sleeve.
The clutches of the two gears are arranged to engage the socket when turned in
opposite directions and the teeth of the gears mesh with those of the intermediate
pinion which is carried by the core whereby motion communicated to one of the
gears is imparted in the opposite direction to the other. In the construction
illustrated, said clutches consist of friction balls or rollers 13 arranged in tapered

page_text: seats or cavities 14 formed in the inner peripheries of the gears, small expansion
springs 15 being arranged in said seats or cavities to press the balls or rollers
toward the reduced ends of the seats and thus frictionally engage the socket.
The shell sections are provided with stirrups or keepers 16 in which are fitted
the parallel portions of the arms 17 formed as extensions of the handle 18 said
parallel portions of the arms being secured in the stirrups or keepers by means of
the screws 19. The periphery of the core is provided with a series of seats or
openings 20 for the reception of the extremity of the operating rod or lever 21 and
one of the shell sections is provided with a series of studs 22 to engage depressions 23
in the outer surface of the contiguous gear whereby said gear is held from rotation
independently of the shell section in which it is arranged.
The shell sections and other parts of the device are held in the proper relative
positions upon the bit socket by means of collars 34 and 35 fitted upon the bit
socket and secured in place by means of screws 36.
In operation the shell sections are held stationary by means of the handle which
is attached thereto, rotary motion alternately in opposite directions is imparted to
the core by the oscillation of the operating rod or lever, and intermittent rotary
motion in a uniform direction is imparted through the gearing to the bit-socket,
one of said gears being held stationary by the contiguous-shell section to which is
connected the handle. Under these conditions the angular velocity of the bit
socket will be double that of the lever 21. If the operating rod or lever is held
stationary and the handle is oscillated a continuous rotary motion in a uniform
direction is communicated to the bit socket.
In order to provide for feeding the bit I employ a feed screw 24 threaded in the
upper end of the bit socket and provided with a centering head 25 provided with a
series of diametrical sockets or seats 26 into which may be fitted the extremity of
an adjusting pin 27 for turning the feed screw to secure the proper pressure of the
bit upon the work.
For convenience in transportation the handle is tubular in construction to receive
the operating lever the latter being provided near its outer end with radial studs 28
to engage bayonet slots 29 in the bore of the handle, and a spring 30 being
arranged in the bore of the handle to exert an outward pressure upon the lever to
prevent accidental disengagement of its studs from said slots, and the operating rod
or lever is also tubular in construction to receive the adjusting pin, which is
provided with a threaded shoulder 31 to engage a threaded portion of the bore
of said operating rod or lever. The adjusting pin is provided with a milled head 32
and the operating rod or lever with a milled flange 33 to facilitate the detachment
of the parts.
It will be understood that various changes in the form, proportion and the minor
details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the spirit or
sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim is
"
1. In a ratchet drill, the combination with a bit-socket, of a sectional shell loosely
mounted for rotation upon the socket, a handle attached to the shell sections, a core
interposed between the shell sections and loosely mounted upon the bit-socket, gears
loosely mounted upon the bit-socket, one of the gears being fixed to the contiguous
shell section, a pinion carried by the core and meshing at opposite sides with said
gears, clutch devices for communicating motion from the gears to the bit-socket,
and means for imparting rotary motion to the core, substantially as specified.
2. In a ratchet drill, the combination with a bit-socket, of shell sections loosely
mounted upon the socket, a handle attached to said shell sections, a disk-shaped
core interposed between the shell sections and loosely mounted upon the bit-socket,
said core having peripheral rabbeted seats for the reception of the contiguous edges
of the shell sections, gears loosely mounted upon the bit-socket, connections between

page_text: one of the gears and the contiguous shell section, a pinion carried by the core and
meshing at opposite sides with the gears, clutches for communicating motion from.
the gears to the bit socket and arranged in reversed positions, and means for
imparting rotary motion to the core, substantially as specified.
3. In a ratchet drill, the combination with a bit-socket, of a shell loosely mounted
thereon, a handle attached to the shell, a core loosely mounted upon the bit-socket
and carrying a pinion, gears mounted concentric with the bit-socket and meshing-
with said pinion, one of the gears being fixed to the shell, clutches for communi-
cating motion from either gear to the bit-socket, and means for imparting rotary
motion to the core, substantially as specified.
4. In a ratchet drill, the combination with a bit-socket, of shell sections fitted
loosely thereon, collars removably fitted upon the bit-socket contiguous to the
outer sides of the shell sections to hold the latter in operative position, a rotary
core interposed between the shell sections and loosely mounted upon the bit-socket,.
gears concentric with the bit-socket and arranged within the shell sections, a
pinion carried by the core to communicate motion from one gear to the other,.
clutches carried by the gears to engage the bit-socket, and a handle bifurcated.
at one end and having its arms detachably secured to the shell sections, substantially
as specified.
5. In a ratchet drill, the combination with a bit-socket, a shell and a core-
mounted concentric with the bit-socket and capable of independent rotary
movement, and connections between said shell, core and bit-socket whereby
rotary motion in opposite directions of the shell and core is communicated to.
the bit-socket to impart rotary motion in a uniform direction thereto, of a hollow
handle attached to the shell, an operating rod or lever adapted to be engaged with
peripheral sockets in the core, said hollow handle being provided with bayonet.
slots and the operating rod or lever with studs to engage said slots when the
rod is arranged in the hollow handle, and a spring for imparting an outward.
longitudinal impulse to the operating rod or lever, substantially as specified.
6. In a ratchet drill, the combination with a bit-socket, a shell and a core.
mounted concentric with the bit-socket and capable of independent rotary
movement, connections between said shell, core and bit-socket whereby rotary
motion in opposite directions of the shell and core is communicated to the bit-
socket to impart rotary motion in a uniform direction thereto, and feeding devices.
having a feed screw engaging a threaded bore of the bit-socket and provided with
a centering-head having diametrical sockets, of a hollow handle provided near-
its outer end with bayonet slots, an operating rod or lever adapted to engage.
peripheral sockets in the core and provided with radial studs to engage said
bayonet slots when the operating rod or lever is fitted in the hollow handle, a.
spring for imparting a longitudinal outward movement to the rod or lever and hold
its studs in engagement with the bayonet slots, said operating rod or lever being-
tubular, and an adjusting pin adapted to engage the diametrical sockets in the
centering head and provided with a threaded shoulder to engage a threaded.
portion of the bore of the operating rod or lever, substantially as specified.
Dated this 1st day of October 1895.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant..