IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS USED FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER FOR HEATING HOT HOUSES AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel John Machen, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS USED
FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER FOR HEATING HOT HOUSES AND OTHER
SIMILAR STRUCTURES.”
ealed the 26th April 1872, and dated the 31st October 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel John Machen
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st October 1871.
I, SAMUEL JOHN MACHEN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOILERS USED FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER FOR HEATING HOT HOUSES AND
OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention for improvements in boilers used for the circulation of
hot water for heating hot houses and other similar structures, consists

page_text: in the construction of what may be termed a double or twin square
stack boiler to be used in place of the ordinary saddle and tubular
boilers.
A boiler constructed according to my Invention consists of a series of
hollow castings made in the form of rectangular troughs open at both
ends. These castings are respectively made in two distinct parts, which
parts are bolted together by a suitable flange, or otherwise, forming a
trough. The castings are placed one upon another forming a stack, each
tier being in two distinct or twin parts, bolted together and so arranged
that the number of tiers can be increased or reduced according to the
heating power that may be required. The domes or upper surfaces of
each casting or trough are formed square. The under casting, or boiler
proper, is fitted with what are known as water firc-bars and is of suitable
size to allow for furnace. The second and consecutive tiers are lower,
leaving a space of two inches between the top of the first tier and the
dome of the second, and so on. There are two distinct up flues, and two
distinct flow and return pipes to each half of the separate tiers forming
the boiler. Each flow and return pipe is separate and independent of
the other, and connect the consecutive tiers respectively, and are placed
outside the boiler. The up flucs, connecting one tier to the next, are at
the alternate ends of the tiers respectively, that is, the first tier being the
boiler proper and containing the furnace has its flues at the rear end, the
gases and heating medium passing through and thence between the first
and second tier. The second tier having its flues at the front end, the
third tier having its flues at the rear end, and so on consecutively. The
boiler it will be thus seen is composed of two distinct twin parts, each
part independent of the other when necessary, and so arranged, should
accident occur to the one half the other half is not effected; again,
should the entire heat of the boiler not be required either half can be
used to heat the piping right or left of the boiler. The ends of the
boiler can be covered over with iron plating, brickwork, or in any
suitable manner.
The action of the boiler is as follows:-Şimilar to the ordinary saddle
boiler the furnace is arranged so that it will burn wood, coal, coke,
slack, or refuse. The heat is concentrated and everywhere surrounded
by an equal space of water and travels a considerable distance, say in the
case of a three tier boiler, sixteen or more feet of effective heating
surface, before it escapes into the chimney. The feed water is led into

page_text: the castings forming the boiler proper and furnace. From thence it is
led by connecting pipes on the outside to the water tubes underneath,
and is led by connecting pipes from the boiler proper from tier to tier
consecutively by pipes on the outside. The flow pipes are taken from
provisions formed on the top trough or tier. The heat generated in the
furnace passes up through the flues at the rear end of the furnace and
through the trough or space in the next tier, thence through the
up flues
at the front end, then along the space or trough of the next tier, passing
through the up flues at the rear end, and so on according to the number
of tiers. From the last tier the flues are led into a suitable chimney or
funnel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel John Machen in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 27th April 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
JOHN MACHEN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Samuel John Machen, Her special licence
that I, the said Samuel John Machen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel John Machen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS USED
FOR THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER FOR HEATING HOT HOUSES AND OTHER
SIMILAR STRUCTURES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Samuel John Machen, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and

page_text: cause the same to .be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
.Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel John Machen, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My Invention for improvements in boilers used for the circulation of
hot water for heating hot houses and other similar structures, .consists
in the construction of what may be termed a double or twin. square
stack boiler, to be used in place of the ordinary saddle and tubular
boilers.
A boiler constructed according to my Invention consists of a series
of hollow castings made in the form of rectangular troughs. These
castings are respectively made in two distinct parts, which when
together form a trough. The castings are placed one upon another
forming a stack, cach tier being in two distinct twin parts, and so
arranged that the number of tiers can be increased or reduced according
to the heating power that may be required. The domes or upper
surfaces of each casting or trough are formed square. The under
casting or boiler proper is fitted with water or other fire-bars, and is of
'suitable size to allow for furnace. The second and consecutive tiers are
lower, leaving a space of about two inches between the top of the first
tier and the dome of the sccond, and so on. There are two distinct up
flues and two distinct flow and return pipes to each half of the separate
tiers forming the boiler. Each flow and return pipe is separate and
independent of the other and connect the consecutive tiers respectively.
These pipes are placed outside the boiler. The up flues connecting onc
tier to the next are at the alternate ends of the tiers respectively, that is,
the first tier being the boiler proper and containing the furnace has its
flues at the rear end, the gases and heating medium passing through
and thence between the first and second tier; the second tier having its
flues at the front; and the third tier having its flues at the rear end, and
so on consecutively. The boiler it will be thus seen is composed of two
distinct twin parts, each part independent of the other when necessary,
and so arranged, should accident occur to the one half the other half is
not effected; again, should the entire heat of the boiler not be required
either half can be used to heat the piping right or left of the boiler.

page_text: A modification of this boiler consists in using only the under tier or
the boiler proper containing the furnace. In this case to give additional
beating surface there are cast on the sides of the boiler water ledges or
projections forming flues. The flues open out of the side of the boiler,
the smoke and gases travelling through the flues formed by the water
ledges.
In order that the nature and action of this Invention may be more
readily seen and understood, there is hereunto attached a Sheet of
Drawings illustrating a boiler constructed according to my Invention as
will readily enable any mechanic to carry the same into practical effect.
Like letters marked on the Drawings are used to denote similar parts
throughout the various views.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a three tier twin boiler constructed
according to my Invention; Figure 2 is an end section of the same;
Figure 3 is an end view showing doors; Figure 4 illustrates a modifi-
cation of this Invention, constructed with water ledges, forming flues
on the sides; Figure 5 is an end section of same; and Figure 6 is a
sectional elevation of same.
A,. A', are castings forming the boiler proper or first tier; B, B', is the
water space, and C the flue; D, D¹, are castings forming the second tier.
E, E, the water space, and F the flue; G, G', are castings forming the
third tier; H, H', the water space, and I the flue. The water spaces of
these tiers are respectively connected together by the pipes K. The
twin castings A, A', D, D', and G, G', are supported together by the
flanges L; M, plates dividing the furnace and flues so that one half can
be cut off if requesite; N, N¹, castings forming water fire-bars; O, O',
feed pipes; P, P¹, flow pipes; R, flue door; S, S', furnace doors.
Similar to the ordinary saddle boiler the furnace A, A', is arranged so
that it will burn wood, coal, coke, slack, or refuse. The heat is con-
centrated and everywhere surrounded by an equal space of water B, B'.
The heat and gases flow up the flue C and along the flue D, D', up the
flue F, and return through the flue G, G', and thence through the
flue I, the whole of these flues being surrounded by an equal water
space E, E'. H, H', the water space through the boiler being shown
by dotted lines.

page_text: the flow pipes. The gases pass through the flues in the direction
shown by the arrows at Figure 4, passing round the water ledges.
The boiler is built in with suitable brickwork and fitted with ordinary
fire bars, or bars similar to those shown at Figures 1 and 2.
Having now fully described and explained the nature and purposes
of this Invention, and how the same is to be carried into practical effect,
I wish it to be clearly understood that I do not confine myself to the
several proportions and relative dimensions of the various parts of the
boiler as shown in the Drawings, nor do I confine myself to the number
of tiers, as it will be readily seen that the same may be varied without
departing from this Invention, but what. I claim as the Invention
secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid is, the construction,
arrangement, and combination of the castings herein shown, constituting
a twin boiler, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described, set forth, and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel John Machen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
SAMUEL JOHN (L.s.) MACHEN.
FREDERICK J. CHEESBROUGH,
of 15, Water Street,
Liverpool.