IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR ORNAMENTING TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS AND PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME.
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Green, of Howard Buildings, Brick Lane,
St. Luke, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, and Joseph Pickett,
of Duke Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR ORNAMENTING TEXTILE MATERIALS OR
FABRICS AND PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE
SAME.
Sealed the 20th April 1855, and dated the 21st October 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Green and Joseph
Pickett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Peti-
tion, on the 21st October 1854.
We, WILLIAM GREEN, of Howard Buildings, Brick Lane, St. Luke, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and JOSEPH PICKETT, of Duke Street, in
the City of London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR ORNAMENTING TEXTILE MATERIALS
OR FABRICS AND PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE
SAME," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention relates to covering or ornamenting textile
materials or fabrics and paper with flock," mictallic powder, or other dry
colors generally; and consists,-
First, in producing upon paper hangings, or upon continuous lengths of
paper, effects similar to those which on silk goods are designated "watered"
and "shot." This is done by printing with varnish, gold size, or other

page_text: adhesive matter a series of fine lines (say, for example, from about fifteen to
thirty to the inch), either curved or straight, and applying thereto metallic
powder or other dry colors. The paper may afterwards be embossed, so as to
break up the continuity of the printed lines, whereby a great variety of "shot"
or silk-like effects may be produced.
Secondly, our Invention consists in producing upon paper, and upon textile
materials or fabrics and paper, by printing, effects similar to those which are
produced by the jacquard apparatus.. This object we effect by cutting up the
pattern by which the materials are to be printed into a series of fine lines or
dots, corresponding in size to those portions of the warp or weft which are
thrown up upon the surface of the fabric to be imitated by the weaving
operation. Patterns so formed may then be printed with an adhesive matter
and metallic powder applied thereto. When so desired, we produce a fictitious
color on the metal by doing it over with colored lacquer.
Thirdly, our Invention consists in rendering the surface of paper and textile
fabrics or materials capable of receiving a pattern or design in metal or in
dry colors by the application of pressure, by printing upon the same a series
of fine lines or dots with a matter which will become adhesive when subjected
to the action of heat or moisture and pressure.
Fourthly, our Invention consists in applying metallic powders to paper and
to textile materials or fabrics, by charging or doing over cold rollers or blocks
with the said metallic powder, and then pressing them upon the material to
be ornamented, which material is to be slightly moistened with glaire or
other adhesive matter previous to the pattern being impressed thereon.
Fifthly, our Invention consists in producing watered effects upon paper or
upon fabrics which are not ribbed by passing them under pressure between
ribbed surfaces.
Sixthly, our Invention consists in covering the entire surface of textile
materials or fabrics on either side with "flock" and other fibrous dust or
powder.
The second part of our Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for
carrying into effect the several parts of our said improvements in treating or
ornamenting textile materials or fabrics and paper; and consists,-
"
First, in combining in one machine apparatus for applying "gold size'
or other, similar adhesive matter to paper and textile fabrics, for applying
metallic powder to the surfaces so printed, and for removing any superfluous
powder resulting from such operation.
Secondly, in the use of printers' inking rollers, whether composed of "com-
position" or of other matter, for applying "gold size " or similar adhesive

page_text: matter to rollers or blocks used for printing patterns upon continuous lengths
of paper, which are afterwards to be done over with metallic powder; as also
the use of a traversing "doctor," for equalizing the varnish upon the said
rollers when feeding an engraved roller.
Thirdly, in lacquering" paper or other textile materials or fabrics, by
means of rollers working in a trough containing lacquer, or by other mecha-
nical means...
Lastly, of a certain arrangement of machinery or apparatus for printing
with "flock" or other fibrous dust. In this arrangement, the material to be
printed is first drawn over bars, and passed between an engraved and a plain
rollér, which plain roller is covered with vulcanized india-rubber. Varnish
is applied to the engraved roller by means of an "inking roller" or a series of
such rollers from a trough placed beneath them, whilst a soft composition
roller is placed midway between the supply rollers and the impression roller,
to equalize the varnish, and prevent it running into the cavities of the engraved
roller. After receiving a coating of varnish, the material is passed over a
roller and up an incline, the bottom of which is composed of a flexible mate-
rial, and beneath which a series' of canes, or their equivalents, are arranged, for
beating or agitating the bottom of the incline while the printed material
passes over it. Motion is communicated to the canes from a series of cams.
arranged on a shaft, driven by a band connected with the prime mover.
Above the incline is fixed a seive, for supplying "flock" to the printed material
as it passes beneath it. A tremulous motion is communicated to the seive by
means of cams, which are driven by a band connected with the prime mover.
Springs are placed beneath the seive, to neutralize the jarring occasioned by
tlie action of the cams upon it. Beneath the clevated portion of the incline
an arrangement of rollers is placed, for printing the material with colors
after being "flocked." This arrangement is similar to that already in use for
"imachine printing."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Green and Joseph Pickett in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st April 1855.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GREEN, of Howard Buildings, Brick Lane, St. Luke's, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and JOSEPH PICKETT, of Duke Street, in the City
of London, Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing late the Twenty-first day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William Green and Joseph Pickett, Her special licence that we, the
said William Green and Joseph Pickett, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said William Green and Joseph Pickett, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR
ORNAMENTING TEXTILE MATERIALS OR FABRICS AND PAPER, AND IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME," upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said William Green and Joseph Pickett, by an instrument in writing
under our hand and scal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Green on behalf of myself
and the said Joseph Pickett, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that
is to say)-
Our said Invention of "Improvements in Treating or Ornamenting Textile
Materials or Fabrics and Paper, and in Machinery or Apparatus for Effecting
the same," consists,-
First, in producing upon continuous lengths of paper effects similar to those
which on silk goods are designated "watered" and "shot."
Secondly, our Invention consists in certain modes of producing upon textile
fabrics and paper, by printing, effects similar to those which are produced by
the jacquard," or similar apparatus.
Thirdly, our Invention consists in certain modes of producing patterns
or designs with metal or dry powders, by first forining a suitable " "ground,"
and then rendering certain portions of the same adhesive by heat or moisture
and pressure.
Fourthly, our Invention consists in certain modes of applying metallic
powder to textile materials or fabrics and paper, by doing over cold rollers or

page_text: blocks with the said metallic powder, and then pressing them upon the surface
of the material to be ornamented.
Fifthly, our Invention consists in producing
"watered "effects upon paper,
or upon fabrics which are not ribbed, by passing them under pressure between
ribbed surfaces.
Sixthly, our Invention consists in covering the entire surface of textile
materials or fabrics on either side with "flock," or other fibrous dust or
powder.
.
Lastly, our Invention consists in certain arrangements of machinery.or
apparatus for treating or ornamenting textile materials or fabrics and paper
with "flock," metallic powder, or dry colors generally.
First, as regards our Invention of producing upon continuous lengths of
paper effects similar to those which on silk goods are designated" watered"
and " shot." This is done by printing with gold size or other adhesive
matter a series of fine lines (say, for example, from about fifteen to thirty
to the inch), either curved or straight, and applying thereto metallic powder
or other dry colors. The paper may afterwards be embossed, so as to
break up the continuity of the printed lines, whereby a great variety of
"shot" or silk-like effects can be produced. We are aware that the printing
of lines in metal upon paper hangings has heretofore been practised, but
in concequence of the great tendency in blocks to "fill up" when supplied
with gold size from an ordinary "seive," a limit has been experienced to
the fineness and closeness of patterns so produced. In order to surmount
this difficulty, we supply the gold size to the roller or block by means of
an ordinary inking roller or rollers, whereby the adhesive matter may be
regulated to the greatest nicety, and patterns or lines of any degree of fineness
produced.
Secondly, with regard to our Invention of certain modes of producing upon
textile fabrics and paper, by printing, effects similar to those which are pro-
duced by the "jacquard," or similar apparatus. Upon examining a fabric
composed of silk and worsted, or silk and any other inferior material, it will
be observed that the chief beauty of the fabric is due to the predominance on
the surface thereof of the superior over the inferior material, the lustre of the
fabric increasing in proportion to the amount of silk thrown upon the surface;
hence, to get the best effects with the smallest possible amount of silk,
recourse is generally had to the "jacquard" apparatus in the weaving opera-
tion. Although, however, the lines of patterns so produced may to a casual
observer appear solid, they will upon examination be found to consist of a
series of minute lines or dots, arranged at different angles, and being of

page_text: various lengths. Now, the object of this portion of our Invention is to imitate
these effects by printing, or in some cases by printing and embossing combined.
To effect this, we cut up the pattern by which the: material 'is to be printed
into a series of fine lines and dots, corresponding in size, etc. to those portions
of the warp or weft which are thrown up by the weaving operation upon the
surface of the material to be imitated.: Patterns so formed may then be
printed with a. suitable adhesive matter, after the uanner either of surface or
calico printing, and metallic powder applied thereto. Although, however, we
in most cases prefer producing the requisite silk-like gloss upon such patterns,
by covering the surface of the adhesive matter with metallic powder; we do not
confine ourselves to such mode, as in some cases it. may be found preferable
to mix the powder, whether metallic or not, with the adhesive, matter; the
object of this portion of our Invention being to imitate silk, by printing with
bright colours, as before described. Also, the patterns produced by "jacquard"
weaving we in some cases imitate, by merely printing upon silk or other fabrics
a series of fine lines, and afterwards break up the continuity of the same by
embossing. For this latter purpose, the lines may be of uniform lengths and
thickness, and may run parallel or nearly parallel to each other; or the patterns
may be composed of a series of parallel lines of various lengths.
Thirdly, as relates to our Invention of certain imodes of producing patterns
or designs with metal or dry powders, by first forming a suitable "ground,"
and then rendering certain portions of the same adhesive by hent or moisture
and pressure. This object we effect by printing upon such materials a series
of fine lines or dots with a matter which will becoine adhesive on 'the appli
cation of heat or moisture, either with or without pressure. Any resinous or
mucilaginous matter, simple or compound, may be used for this purpose,
and the lines or dots may be printed by any of the ordinary means, as
found most convenient. The desired pattern or design may then be pro-
duced in metal or in colour upon materials so printed on the application
of heat or moisture upon those portions only where the said metal or color
is required. When the lines or dots. have been printed with a matter.
requiring heat, to render it adhesive, the most convenient mode is to pass the
material between the rollers of an embossing machine, whereby those portions
which have passed in contact with the raised parts of the heated cylinder will.
be sufficiently adhesive to receive a coating of metallic powder or dry colour.
When the material has been priiited with a matter requiring a solvent or
moisture to render it adhesive, such solvent or inoisture may be applied either
upon single pieces or upon a number of pieces placed one upon the other, after
the manner of bandanna printing; or the moisture may be applied from a

page_text: drum or roller, composed of or covered with a porous substance at those parts
which constitute the pattern, and the moisture may be applied either to the
interior or to the exterior thereof. Another object of this portion of our
Invention is to impart a metallic or tinted surface to textile fabrics or paper
after they have been:en:bossed or."blocked." For this purpose, the material
after being embossed. is moistened or otherwise rendered sticky on the most
prominent parts, and metallic powder or dry colour is then applied thereto.
Also, a further object thereof is to produce ornamental or figured effects with
"flock" or dry colours upon textile fabrics without "size-printing" the same.
previous to printing the required pattern with varnish. As, however, the lines
or dots may in some cases impair the effect of the material, we in such cases
cover them with metallic powder, so as to produce a silk-like or glossy effect
on those portions of the fabric which are not covered with flock or other
powder.
Fourthly, as regards our Invention of certain modes of applying metallic
powder to textile materials or fabrics and paper, by doing over cold rollers or
blocks with the said metallic powder, and then pressing them upon the surface
of the material to be ornamented. If a pattern or line has been printed
with adhesive matter, we employ a plain roller or rollers covered with
fustian, cloth, or similar soft material; but if the material has been coated.
with a substance which may be rendered adhesive by the application of heat
or moisture and pressure, we employ an engraved roller or block for taking up
the powder. We then draw the material to be ornamented over a wet or
heated surface, or otherwise cause it to be moistened before impressing the.
metallic pattern thereon.
Fifthly, with respect to our Invention of producing "watered" effects upon.
paper; or upon fabrics which are not ribbed, by passing them under pressure
between ribbed surfaces. The ribbed surfaces best adapted for this purpose.
are those formed of an elastic material, as india-rubber or any compound.
thereof; and the operation may be best effected by employing two endless.
bands of such material, which bands are made to pass over rollers or bars
having a series of grooves or undulations thereon, so that 'when the two ribbed
surfaces are pressed tightly against each other, certain parts of such ribs will
be flattened down, while the other parts of the ribs on one piece will fall
into the hollows between the ribs on the other, and will not be so flattened.
Now, if a plain material be passed between the ribbed surfaces during this
operation, it is obvious that certain portions thereof will receive a series of
indents, while other portions will be compressed, and these several indents and.
compressions will give rise to that peculiar effect called "watering."
In

page_text: general the effect thus produced will be improved by first printing a series of
metallic lines upon the plain fabric; nevertheless, unprinted fabrics may be
treated in the same manner.
Sixthly, as regards our Invention of covering the entire surface of textile
fabrics or materials on either side with flock" or other fibrous dust. The
chief object of this portion of our Invention is to increase the adhesion of
"flock" or other fibrous dust to textile materials or fabrics, by causing the
said "flock" on one side of the fabric or material to be united with and held
by that on the opposite side. For this purpose, therefore, we use a thin open
fabric, which we saturate with a suitable adhesive matter, using, by preference,
one that is flexible, and free from smell, or nearly so, or from which the smell
quickly evaporates. A good material for this purpose is made by dissolving
india-rubber, gutta percha, or other resinous or gummy matter in bisulphuret
of carbon, in such proportions as to render the solution of about the consistency
of cream, and in some cases colouring matter may be mixed therewith. The
"flock" or fibrous dust may then be applied to the fabric in the usual or in
any convenient manner, and the material then pressed between rollers or
otherwise, so as to consolidate the "flock" thereon.
Lastly, as relates to our Invention of certain arrangements of machinery
or apparatus for treating or ornamenting textile materials or fabrics and
paper. In order that these arrangements may be better understood, we have
represented them in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side clevation of a machine for covering or ornamenting textile
materials or fabrics and paper with "flock" or other fibrous dust, or with dry
colours; as also for printing fabrics or paper so treated with the ordinary oil
or water colours. Fig. 2 is an end view of the same machine.
A, A, is a cast-iron framework, firmly bolted together at each end by suitable
stretchers and end pieces; B is a plain roller, covered with vulcanized india-
rubber or other soft material; C is an engraved roller, which we prefer making
of double the circumference of the length of the pattern thereon; D is a plain
roller, covered with vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic material, and
working in the varnish box E, on which a "doctor" is hinged and adjusted by
screws so as to regulate the varnish on the said roller before it comes in contact
with the engraved roller. In some cases, however, it is preferable to add an
intermediate roller between the rollers C and D, for which purpose suitable
slots are provided in the framework. G, G, are soft "composition" rollers,
for equalising the varnish on the engraved roller, and for sucking out any that
may happen to run into the sunken parts thereof; II is a "seive," placed in
an inclined position, and the bottom of which is composed of a strong flexible

page_text: material; I, I, are a series of canes, or their equivalents, fitted into small
holders J, J, which holders are hinged on to the guide frame K. Motion is
communicated to the canes by means of the cams L, L, which as they rotate
press alternately upon the levers M, M, which levers are connected with the
canes by strips of vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic material; N is a
seive or box for holding "flock" or other powder, the bottom of which box is
composed of perforated zinc; 0, 0, are two cams, which act upon the stud P,
and give a tremulous motion to the box N. Motion is communicated to the
cams by means of a gut working on the pulleys Q, Q', the latter of which is
keyed on to the end of the plain roller B. Small spiral springs R are placed
beneath one end of the seive, to neutralize the jarring occasioned by the action
of the cams upon it. S is another roller, of the same size as B, and is covered
with blanket or other soft material; T, T, are engraved rollers, for perfecting
with oil or water colours the pattern previously printed with flock; U, U, are
rollers, over which endless blankets work for supplying colour from the rollers
V, V, to the engraved rollers T, T. The rollers V are supplied with colour from
the troughs W, W. This portion of the arrangement may be either of the
kind shown in the Drawings or of the ordinary kind used in color-printing
machines. X is a toothed wheel; and Y, a pinion, by which motion may be
communicated to the several parts of the machine, either from the fast
and loose pulleys Z, Z, or by a handle, keyed on to the driving shaft a. The
several working parts are fitted into suitable plummer blocks and brasses, and
are regulated by set screws in a manner well understood.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The roll of paper or other
material is placed on the spindle b, on which a slight amount of friction is
exerted by the weight c. It then passes over the straining bars d, d, and thence
between the rollers B and C, where a pattern is printed with varnish or other
adhesive matter. It then passes over the small roller e and up the incline II,
in its passage over which it is covered with "flock," which during the action
of the machine falls from the box N. During the passage of the paper up the
incline the flexible bottom thereof is aggitated by the canes I, I, to which
motion is communicated by a gut from the pulleys ff, whereby the "flock" is
caused to rise in a kind of cloud upon the paper. Owing to the inclined
position of the "seive" II, and the agitation caused by the action of the canes,
the loose and superfluous flock" is removed from the unprinted portion
of the paper, and falls on to the printed portion thereof, or into a box placed
beneath to receive it. If the pattern so printed requires filling up with colours,
the paper is next drawn between the rollers S and T, to which motion is com-
municated by suitable gearing from the pulleys g. g. The number of engraved

page_text: rollers employed will of course depend upon the number of colours required
to be printed. Guide pins are placed in a convenient position opposite the first
roller T, to permit of the colours and the "flock" being properly registered.
The finished paper is next passed over the roller h, and is hung up to be dried
in the usual manner.
The arrangement shewn in Figs. 3, 4, and 5 is intended for printing with
metallic or other expensive colours. Fig. 3 is a side elevation; Fig. 4, an
end view; and Fig. 6, a plan.
A, A; is the framework of the machine, which is firmly bolted together at
each end; B is a paper bowl or a plain roller, covered with fustian or other
similar material; C is an engraved roller; D, D, are two inking rollers,
driven by suitable gearing from the engraved cylinder; E, E, are two plain
iron rollers, for equalising the gold size on the composition rollers; F, F, are
two bars, to which pieces of wood are attached, having grooves on them to fit
the equalising rollers E, E. A traverse motion is communicated to these bars
by means of the cams G, G, which act upon the ends of the said bars at each
revolution of the toothed wheel H. The two bars are connected together by
means of the small cross bar I', so that while one is travelling in one direction,
the other will be travelling in an opposite direction. T is a plain iron roller,
working in the varnish box J. A "doctor" is hinged on the varnish box for
equalising the varnish on the said roller, and is adjusted by means of set
screws; K, K, are plain rollers, covered with fustian. The two bottom rollers,
over which an endless band of fustian travels, are regulated by set screws in
the framework; L is a brush or pad of india-rubber for pressing upon the
printed fabric as it travels in contact with the fastian band, and which may be
raised or lowered by the screws M, or by other convenient means; N, N, are
two plain rollers, over which travels an endless band, on which a series of
brushes 0, 0, are made; P, P, are weighted levers for keeping the roller
steady on which the printed material is wound after leaving the rollers K;
Qis a small lever, actuated by studs R, R, on the fly wheel S, for giving a
tremulous motion to the bronze or color box T, which is supported by rods at
either end; U is a small fur roller or brush for dusting the powder in the box
over the endless band. The rollers K, K, are driven by a gut from the grooved
wheel V, which is keyed on to the end of the roller B, which roller may be
raised or lowered by the bevilled wheels W, W, by means of the wheel X.
Motion may be communicated to the printing cylinder, and thence to the other
parts of the machine, from the driving wheel Y, either by a handle or by the
fast and loose pulleys Z, Z. When found necessary, wheels may be fitted on
to the ends of the rollers B and G; to prevent their slipping. The several

page_text: working parts are fitted into suitable plummer blocks and brasses, and driven
by suitable gearing, and are regulated by set screws in the most convenient
The varnish box may be raised or lowered by the set screws a.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The roll of cloth or other material is
placed upon a "box" and fitted into the slots b. From the box the cloth
travels over the straining bars c, c, and thence between the plain roller B and
the engraved roller C, where the desired pattern is printed with an adhesive
matter. It then passes between the rollers K, K, under the pad or brush L,
between the other two rollers K, K, and thence on to the roller or box d, in its
passage to which it travels under the rotating brushes O, O, and has any
superfluous powder removed from its surface, which superfluous powder falls
into the box beneath.
Further, our Invention consists in lackering metallized fabrics or materials
and paper by means of rollers, or their equivalents, working in a trough con-
taining lacker, or from a suitable reservoir arranged in a convenient frame
work, or by other mechanical micans.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Green, on behalf of myself and
of the said Joseph Pickett, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
WILLIAM CREEN
(rs)
WITT LAM CREEN