Improvements in or relating to Velocipede and like Pedals.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept.. 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1893-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Velocipede and like Pedals.
We, NICHOLAS RUBINSTEIN Russian Professor of Mathematics, No. 7 Little
Park Street, CHARLES CLULEY No. 3 Lamb Street, Cycle Manufacturer, and
ERNEST CLARKE No. 130 Stoney Stanton Road Cycle Manufacturer, all in
Coventry, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to velocipede and like pedals and to the means for securing
such pedals to the pedal levers or cranks of velocipedes and the like, and has for
its object to attach the pedal to the crank in such a way that but a small or no
material part of the pedal shall project beyond the inner face of the said crank.
This allows the space occupied by the large nut, usually provided for attaching the
pedal to the crank, to be saved and the pairs of pedals and cranks to be set closer
together respectively horizontally or the "width of tread as it is commonly
called, to be reduced without necessarily decreasing the width of the bearing
bracket in which is mounted the axle to which the cranks are attached.
"
"
We will describe our invention as applied to a common variety of velocipede
ball bearing pedal and pedal crank though it may be also applied to other pedals
and other cranks. The body of the pedal is constructed of end plates and cross
bars in the usual way, the end plates being provided with outwardly directed ball
races in the centres thereof and the cross bars uniting the end plates and being
provided with serrated edges or rubber or other "treads or blocks for the feet
of the rider to rest or press upon. The pedal pin is provided with an inwardly
directed ball race at the inner end of the pedal and with a screw thread at the
other or outer end; on this screw thread is screwed a cone provided with an
inwardly directed ball race. Balls are inserted in the two annular spaces occuring
between the outwardly directed ball races of the body of the pedal and the
inwardly directed ball races of the pedal pin and cone, in the usual way. The
bearing constituted by the balls and ball races is tightened or loosened, according
as the cone is screwed farther or less far on to the pin. The pedal pin however
is not provided with an extension adapted to pass into and through the crank, but
is cut off at the point where the shoulder or back of the ball race on the inner end
is adapted to abut against the outer face of the crank. The other or outer end, also
of the pedal pin is cut off so that when the pedal is put together, the end of the
pin does not project through the outer face or base of the cone screwed thereon.
Further the pedal pin is bored through from end to end, the hole being preferably
parallel from end to end and concentric with the pin. The end of the crank to
which the pedal is to be attached is flattened out but we prefer to leave it of rather
greater thickness than usual in order to better support the pedal. The flattened
end of the crank is provided with a transverse hole therethrough; and the said
hole is preferably circular and tapered, being larger at the back or inner face of
the crank and smaller at the outer face thereof, but not smaller than the before
mentioned hole in the pedal pin. We take a bar of steel or other suitable material
and of suitable dimensions and turn or otherwise form a tapered head on one end
thereof of such a size and shape that it will fit evenly into the hole in the end of
the crank, and turn down the remainder of the bar to such a size that it will fit
into the pedal pin with a sliding fit. We make the bar of such a length that it
will project for a convenient distance through the end of the hollow pin and provide
such projecting end with an external screw thread and also, preferably, form this
nart of D section.

page_text: To attach the pedal to the crank, we pass the bar up to the head through the
hole in the end of the crank, entering it at the back of the crank and passing it
through and out to the front until stopped by the tapered head fitting into and
engaging with the tapered hole. We then fit the pedal on to the bar by sliding
the hollow pin on to the bar until the shoulder on the pin abuts against the outer
face of the crank around the hole and the screw threaded D sectioned end of the
pin projects through the base of the cone at the outer end of the pedal. We then
pass a suitable D holed washer on to the projecting end of the bar up to the base
of the cone and finally screw a suitable nut along the said projecting end until it
jams the washer tightly against the cone. This, at one time, locks the cone on the
pin and so locks the bearing of the pedal and also secures the pedal to the crank
by gripping the flattened end thereof between the tapered head on the bar and the
shoulder on the inner end of the hollow pin. We prefer to provide the tapered
hole in the crank and the tapered head of the bar with one or more corresponding
projections and recesses so that screwing the nut along the bar shall not cause the
bar to rotate in the hole in the crank. The hole through the pedal pin may be
countersunk at the inner end to ensure the shoulder butting fairly up against the
face of the crank.
Though we prefer to use a tapered hole in the crank and a tapered head on the
bar, the top of such head being adapted to lie level or approximately level with
the back or inner face of the crank, we may use a flanged head either on the top
of such tapered head or by itself, in which latter case we use a parallel hole in
the end of the crank of a diameter corresponding to that of the part of the bar
adapted to lie therein. If we use a flanged head in either case, the under side or
face of such head is adapted to lie evenly against the back or inner face of the
crank around the hole.
Though we prefer to use a circular hole in the crank to receive the bar, a slot
may be substituted therefor if desired and other modifications may be made without
departing from the spirit of our invention.
Dated this 27th day of September 1893.
W. B. MAXFIELD,
Applicants' Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Velocipede and like Pedals.
We, NICHOLAS RUBINSTEIN, Russian Professor of Mathematics No. 7 Little
Park Street, CHARLES CLULEY No. 3 Lamb Street, Cycle Manufacturer and
ERNEST CLARKE No. 130 Stoney Stanton Road Cycle Manufacturer, all in
Coventry in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to velocipede and like pedals and to the means for securing
such pedals to the pedal levers or cranks of velocipedes and the like and has for its
object to attach the pedal to the crank in such a way that but a small or no
material part of the pedal shall project beyond the inner face of the said crank.
This allows the space occupied by the large nut, usually provided for attaching the
pedal to the crank, to be saved and the pairs of pedals and cranks to be set closer
together respectively horizontally or the "width or "tread "as it is commonly
called, to be reduced without necessarily decreasing the width of the bearing
bracket in which is mounted the axle to which cranks are attached.
We will describe our invention as applied to a common variety of velocipede ball
bearing pedal and pedal crank though it may be also applied to other pedals and
other cranks.
The body of the pedal is constructed of end plates and cross bars in the usual.

page_text: way, the end plates being provided with outwardly directed ball races in the centres
thereof and the cross bars uniting the end plates and being provided with serrated
edges or rubber or other "treads" or blocks for the feet of the rider to rest or press
upon. The pedal pin is provided with an inwardly directed ball race at the inner
end of the pedal and with a screw thread at the other or outer end; on this screw
Balls are
thread is screwed a cone provided with an inwardly directed ball race.
inserted in the two annular spaces occuring between the outwardly directed ball
races of the body of the pedal and the inwardly directed ball races of the pedal
pin and cone in the usual way. The bearing constituted by the balls and ball
races is tightened or loosened according as the cone is screwed farther or less far
on to the pin. The pedal pin however is not provided with an extension adapted
to pass into and through the crank, but is cut off at the point where the shoulder or
back of the ball race on the inner end is adapted to abut against the outer face of
the crank. The other or outer end also of the pedal pin is cut off so that when the
pedal is put together, the end of the pin does not project through the outer face or
base of the cone screwed thereon. Further, the pedal pin is bored through from
end to end, the hole being preferably parallel from end to end and concentric with
the pin.
The end of the crank to which the pedal is to be attached is flattened out, but we
prefer to leave it of rather greater thickness than usual in order to better support
the pedal. The flattened end of the crank is provided with a transverse hole
therethrough; and the said hole is preferably circular and tapered, being larger at
the back or inner face of the crank and smaller at the outer face thereof, but not
smaller than the before mentioned hole in the pedal pin.
We take a bar of steel or other suitable material and of suitable dimensions and
turn or otherwise form a tapered head on one end thereof of such a size and shape
that it will fit evenly the hole in the end of the crank, and turn round the remainder of
the bar to such a size that it will fit into the pedal pin with a sliding fit. We make
the bar of such a length that it will project for a convenient distance through the
end of the hollow pin and provide such projecting end with an external screw
thread and also, preferably form this part of D section. To attach the pedal to
the crank, we pass the bar up to the head through the hole in the end of the crank,
entering it at the back of the crank and passing it through and out to the front
until stopped by the tapered head fitting into and engaging with the tapered hole.
We then fit the pedal on to the bar, by sliding the hollow pin on to the bar until
the shoulder on the pin abuts against the outer face of the crank around the hole
and the screw threaded D sectioned end of the pin projects through the base of the
cone at the outer end of the pedal. We then pass a suitable D holed washer on to
the projecting end of the bar up to the base of the cone and finally screw a suitable
nut along the said projecting end until it jams the washer tightly against the cone.
This, at one time, locks the cone on the pin and so locks the bearing of the pedal
and also secures the pedal to the crank by gripping the flattened end thereof
between the tapered head on the bar and the shoulder on the inner end of the
hollow pin. We prefer to provide the tapered hole in the crank and the tapered
head of the bar with one or more corresponding projections and recesses so that
screwing the nut along the bar shall not cause the bar to rotate in the hole in the
crank. The hole through the pedal pin may be countersunk at the inner end to
ensure the shoulder butting fairly up against the face of the crank. Though we
prefer to use a tapered hole in the crank and a tapered head on the bar, the top of
such head being adapted to lie level or approximately level with. the back or inner
lace of the crank, we may use a flanged head either on the top of such tapered head
or by itself in which latter case we use a parallel hole in the end of the crank of a
diameter corresponding to that of the part of the bar adapted to lie therein. If we
use a flanged head in either case, the under side or face of such head is; adapted to lie
evenly against the back or inner face of the crank around the hole. Though we
prefer to use a circular liole in the crank to receive the bar, a slot may be substituted
therefor if desired.

page_text: In order that our invention may be well understood we append drawings which
show the general form and arrangement of the parts of our invention but
modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of our invention. In
the drawings similar numerals refer to similar parts.
Figure I shows a sectional plan of a pedal constructed and attached to the end
of a crank, according to our invention.
Figures II. III and IV show full views of the tubular and solid parts of the
pedal pin and the crank end respectively.
Figure V shows a modification of certain parts of the pedal pin and crank end.
Referring to Figures I, II, III, and IV; the body of the pedal is constructed
of two end plates 2 and 3 and two cross bars 4 and 5 in the usual way, the end
plates being provided with outwardly directed ball races 6 and 7 in the centres
thereof and the cross bars uniting the end plates. The cross bars 4 and 5 may
consist of "rat-trap" plates as shown or they may be provided with rubber or other
treads. The pedal pin is constructed of two parts, an outer part 8 and an inner
part 9. The outer part 8 is provided with an inwardly directed ball race 10 at the
inner end and with a screw thread 11 at the outer end; on the screw thread 11 is
screwed a cone 12 provided with an inwardly directed ball race 13. Balls 14, 15
are inserted in the two annular spaces occuring between the outwardly directed
ball races 6, 7 and the inwardly directed ball races 10, 12 respectively. The
bearing constituted by the balls and ball races is tightened or loosened according as
the cone 12 is screwed further or less far on to the part of the pin 8. The inner
end of the part 8 of the pedal pin does not extend through the crank 15 but is cut
off where the shoulder 23 or back of the ball race 10 abuts against the outer face 16
of the crank end. The outer end of the part 8 does not project through the outer
face or base of the cone 12 screwed thereon. The part 8 is bored through from
end to end with a parallel and concentric hole.
The end of the crank 15 is flattened out but is preferably left of greater thickness
than usual to better support the pedal. It is provided with a transverse circular
and tapered hole 17 therethrough, the said hole being larger at the inner face 18
of the crank and smaller at the outer face 16 thereof, but not smaller than the
hole through the part 8 of the pedal pin.
The inner parts or bar 9 of the pedal pin is provided with a tapered head 19 on
the inner end adapted to fit evenly into the hole 17 in the crank end; the outer
end of the part 9 is provided with a screw thread 26 and a flat 20 which makes it
of D section; the remainder of the part 9 is of such a size that it will fit into
the outer part 8 with a sliding fit. The outer end of the part 9 projects through
and beyond the base of the cone 12.
To attach the pedal to the crank, the inner part or bar 9 is passed up to the
head through the hole 17 in the crank, entering it at the back or inner face 18 and
passing it through and out to the front and inner face 16 until stopped by the
tapered head 19 fitting and engaging with the tapered hole 17. The pedal is then
fitted on to the bar 9 by sliding the part 8 on to it until the shoulder 23 abuts
against the outer face 16 of the crank around the hole 17 and the screw threaded
D-sectioned end of the part 9 projects through the base of the cone 12. A
suitable D-holed washer 21 is then passed on to the projecting end of the part 9
up to the base of the cone and finally a suitable nut 22 is screwed along the
projecting end until it jams the washer 21 against the cone 12. This, at one time,
locks the cone 12 on to the part 8 of the pin (and so locks the bearing of the
pedal) and also secures the pedal to the crank by gripping the flattened end thereof
between the tapered head 19 on the bar or part 9 and the shoulder 23 on the part 8
of the pedal pin. In a cone bearing pedal the construction and action of the parts
are similar to those above described but in a "plain" or "parallel " bearing pedal,
the nut 22 bears against the outer end of the part 8 of the pin either by the said
part being extended to meet the nut or au interposed washer, or by the introduction
of a suitable collar or distance piece between the (not extended) outer end of the

page_text: part 8 and the said nut or washer as the case may be; the said extension of the
part 8 and the said collar or distance piece respectively being each an equivalent
to the cone 12, as acting as an intermediary between the said nut and the part 8,
whereby the inner end 23 of the part 8 may be forced against the outer face 16 of
the crank 15 while the head 19 on the bar 9 is drawn in the opposite direction and
the pedal thereby secured to the said crank.
In a plain bearing pedal the shoulder 23 takes more of the shape of a flange.
The tapered hole 17 is provided with a projecting pin 24 which engages with a
corresponding recess 27 in the tapered head 19 so that screwing the nut 22 along
the bar or part 9 shall not cause the bar to rotate in the hole in the crank. The
hole through the part 8 is countersunk 28 at the inner end to ensure the shoulder 23
butting fairly up against the face 16 of the crank. As a modification, the top of
the head 19 may be flanged, the flange being arranged either on the top of the
tapered head as shown by dotted lines in Figure I or by itself as shown at 29 in
Figure V. In the latter case the hole 17 through the end of the crank is made
parallel and of a diameter corresponding to that of the part of the bar 9 adapted
to lie therein. In both cases the underside or face 25 of the flanged head or flange
is adapted to lie evenly against the inner face 18 of the crank around the hole.
A slot, as indicated by dotted lines in Figure V may be substituted for the
circular hole if desired and other modifications may be made without departing
from the spirit of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In a velocipede or like pedal, the combination with the body, of a pin (made
up of an inner part and an outer part), of a nut, and of a cone or equivalent
intermediary constructed arranged and operated substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
2. In a velocipede or the like the employment of a crank, having a tapered or
parallel transverse circular hole or a transverse slot, as the case may be, through
the flattened end thereof, with a pedal consisting of a body adapted to rotate on a
pin; of a pin made up of (1) an outer part bored through from end to end and
having at its inner end a shoulder adapted to bear against the outer face of the end
of the said crank around the hole or slot therethrough and at its outer end an
extension, a cone or other equivalent intermediary, and of (2) an inner part adapted
to slide within the said outer part and having a tapered head adapted to bear in
the correspondingly tapered hole through the end of the crank, with or without a
flange adapted to bear against the inner face of the said crank, or having a parallel
head with a flange adapted to bear against the inner face of the said crank around
the hole therethrough, neither the tapered or flanged heads projecting materially
beyond the inner face of the said crank; and of a nut screwed on to the outer end
of the said inner part of the pin and adapted to bear, through the said intermediary,
against the outer end of the said outer part of the pin and to force the inner end of
the said outer part of the pin against the outer face of the said crank and to draw
the tapered head of the said pin tightly into the tapered hole in the said crank and the
flange if any, on the said tapered head, or the flanged head as the case may be,
against the inner face of the said crank, so as to secure the said pedal to the said
crank, substantially as set forth.
3. In a velocipede or the like, attaching the pedal to the crank by gripping the
flattened end of the crank between one end of the outer part of the pedal pin and
a head on one end of the inner part of the pedal pin by means of a nut screwed to
the other end of the inner part of the pin, bearing directly or indirectly against the
other end of the outer part of the pedal pin, substantially as set forth.
4. In a velocipede or like pedal, the employment of a single nut to lock the
bearing adjustment and to secure the pedal to the crank substantially as set forth.

page_text: 5. The improvements in or relating to velocipede and like pedals substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 20th day of November 1893.
WILLIAM BESTWICK MAXFIELD,
Registered Patent Agent,
19, Bowling Green Street, Leicester, Applicants' Agent.