IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING HAT PLUSH AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Christy, junior, of Gracechurch Street,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING HAT PLUSH AND OTHER PILED FABRICS."
Sealed the 8th January 1853, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Christy at
the office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his petition, on
1st October 1852.
I, THOMAS CHRISTY, junior, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING HAT PLUSH AND OTHER PILED FABRICS" to
be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object improvements in that class of looms
where two piled fabrics are woven at the same time, and are cut apart
as woven, and consists of a combination of a frame fixed in the front of
the reed, having two adjustable bars which control the distance at which
the two fabrics are from each other, and consequently the length of pile
in each fabrics; such frame also having two other bars in front, which
are adjustable, between which bars the carriage or plate of the knife
moves.

page_text: The knife has a curved cutting edge, and is fixed in a carriage which
slides on a bar or rod, and is drawn from side to side by a cord acted
on by a wheel moved in alternate directions.
The knife in its movement to and fro comes against stones, and is
sharpened and oiled.
The use of Jacquard apparatus is unnecessary, the harness being worked
from below by treadles and levers; which looms may be worked by hand
or power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Thomas Christy, in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 1st April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
THOMAS CHRISTY, junior, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October in the year of our
Lord, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year
of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Thomas Christy, Her special licence that I, the said
Thomas Christy, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Thomas Christy, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING HAT PLUSH
AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Thomas Christy, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Christy, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):
This Invention has for its object improvements in that class of looms
where two piled fabrics are woven at the same time, and one cut apart
as woven, and consists of combining of a frame fixed in front of the
reed, having two adjustable bars which control the distance at which
the two fabrics are from each other, and consequently the length of the
pile in each fabric; such frame also having two other bars in front, which
are adjustable, between which bars the carriage or plate of the knife
moves. The knife has a curved cutting edge, and is fixed in a carriage
which slides on a bar or rod, and is drawn from side to side by a cord
acted on by a wheel moved in alternate directions. The knife in its
movement to and from comes against stones, and is sharpened and oiled.
The use of Jacquard apparatus is unnecessary, the harness being worked
from below by treadles and levers; such looms may be worked by hand
or by power and in order that the Invention may be most fully under-
stood and readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the drawings
hereunto annexed, which represent sufficient of the parts of a loom, and
the apparatus applied thereto, as to enable me to describe the nature of
the said Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a front view, partly in section, and Figure 2, a side view,
also in section, of portions of a loom having the Invention applied
thereto, and is drawn to the scale of one inch and one half to the foot;
Figure 3, is a plan, and Figure 4, an end view, of the knife carriage with
the hones mounted in their spring carriages; Figure 5, a plan, and Figure
6, an edge view, of the knife or cutter; Figure 7, a perspective diagram
of the improvements as in use; Figure 8, is a plan, Figure 9, a front
view, and Figure 10, a transverse section, of the guide frame; Figures
3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10, are drawn to the scale of six inches as one foot. In
cach of these figures the same letters are used to indicate the same parts; A,
is the carriage of the knife, which is moved to and fro by means of the
cords, a, a, which are fixed to and are put in motion by the wheel E, and the

page_text: cords are guided by the pulleys n, n, as shown. The knife A', is formed
with a semicircular cutting edge, and is fixed in its carriage or
plate A,
by means of the plate d, and the carriage is caused to slide to and fro
on the bar A. In front of the reed, and to the framing of the loom, is
fixed the apparatus shown separately in perspective at Figure 5; the
two ends T, T, of this apparatus are capable of adjustment by means of
the screw stems C, and screw unto. The two parts, T, are so formed as
to have applied thereto two pairs of bars, u, u, and p, p, the objects of
which are hereafter described, there being slots at o, o, in order that one
of each of the pairs of bars, t, u, and p, p, may be moved and fixed nearer
to or further from the other; and in order to fix such upper moveable
bars, u, p, there are screw-pins fixed thereto, which pass through the
slots 0, 0, and they are fixed by screw nuts, which are not shown in the
drawings. It will readily be seen that the distance apart of the bars u, u,
will determine the length of the pile between the two fabrics simul-
taneously woven. I do not consider it necessary to enter into any descrip-
tion of the weaving two fabrics simultaneously, and which are for a time
joined together by the pile warps, as the same is well understood,, and
forms no part of the present Invention, which is confined to improvements
in looms used in such manufactures. The workman will adjust the distance
apart of the bars u, u, according as he desires to produce a longer or
shorter pile. The two fabrics pass next between bars p, p, in front of which
is fixed a stretcher bar i, by which the two fabrics are opened or separated
from each other. The bar or rod A, along which the knife carriage
inoves, is in front of the bars p, p, and the bar or rod A2, is between
the two fabrics, in the space which is opened between them by the stretcher
i, the fabrics being cut apart when they come between the parallel bars
PP, between which the cutting knife moves. The knife and the carriage
are prevented vibrating or moving untruly by reason of the carriage A,
being caused to move between the bars p, p, and by reason of its being
guided correctly by them; by these means much greater certainty of
action of the knife and evenness of pile are obtained than heretofore;
and that the knife may be constantly sharpened, two small stones 7, 7,
are fixed at one end of the apparatus, by which means the cutting edge
is sharpened every alternate movement by the knife coming in contact

page_text: with the hones, which are slightly pressed towards the knife by slight
springs. The loom to which these improvements are shown to be applied
is one which is worked by hand; but a workman will from the above
description, aided by the drawings, readily apply like parts to a power
loom similarly constructed to weave two fabrics at the same time.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
of applying the same to what I believe to be the most improved arrange-
ment of loom for such purpose, I would have it understood that I make
no claim to such loom, which I may here remark is constructed according
to an Invention for which Letters Patent have lately been granted to
Samuel Holt; what I claim is, the combination herein described of
the apparatus for regulating the length of pile of the two fabrics made
in a loom, and for sharpening the knife above shown and explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Christy, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
year
THOMAS CHRISTY JUNIOR. (L.S.)
Witness, W. CARPMAEL, Junior.