Improvements in the Construction of Metallic Road-studs.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 11th Apr., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Metallic Road-studs.
I, ERNEST HILL, of Nether Edge, Sheffield, in the County of York, Chaser, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of metallic studs used
in the formation of roadways of wood, asphalte, or like materials; being improve-
ments upon the studs described in my former Specification No. 1258 of the 11th day
of January 1884, in which I describe and illustrate the studs as having four upright
ribs, with a face the shape of a cross, or with only three ribs, and preferably made
of cast iron.
The object of my present invention is to prolong the life of the roadway by
substituting a more durable material, and to reduce the cost by the method of
producing such studs.
I propose therefore to make the studs of wrought steel, steel-iron, or the like
material, and consisting of an upright, say for example, of two and a half inches in
height resembling a piece of one inch angle iron, and a foot or base plate.
The base plate is made from the same continuous piece of steel as the upright,
bent backwards from the outside of the angle and flattened.
In order to obtain a support for the block of wood, or other material that fits in
the inside angle of the upright, to form the roadway, I cut a flap out of the base
plate, or in the side or sides of the upright and turn it back, or down, as the case
may be, until it is on the same level or thereabouts as the base plate.
The studs so constructed are arranged so as to hold the blocks of wood, and to
be level with, or projecting above the faces of same, according to the required
nature of the surface of the road.
They may be manufactured from the bar or billet by rolling and forging, or by
other convenient means ás found desirable.
Dated the 5th day of June 1890.
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel. Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield, Agent for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Metallic Road-studs.
I, ERNEST HILL, of Nether Edge, Sheffield, in the County of York, Chaser, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the construction of metallic studs used
in the formation of roadways of wood, asphalte, or other like materials that are
suitable for the purpose, being improvements upon the studs described in my former
Specification of Patent No. 1258 dated the 11th day of January 1884, in which I
describe and illustrate the studs as having four upright ribs with a face (or cross
section) the shape of a cross, or with only three ribs, and preferably made of cast
iron.
The object of my present invention is to prolong the life of the roadway, by
constructing a stud that can be produced in steel; to give a better grip for the
animals feet; and to reduce the cost of manufacture.

page_text: T
My invention is illustrated in the annexedusheet of drawings-in which
Fig. 1, is a perspective elevation of one of the improved studs made of wrought
steel.
Eig: 2,plan of stud.
Fig. 3, plan of roadway, with square blocks.
Fig. 4, plan of roadway with oblong blocks.
In carrying out the invention, 1. make the studs from bars: or plates of wrought
steel, steel iron, iron, or other like wrought material of suitable, strength and
durable quality consisting of an upright, rectangular part A, resembling a piece of
angle-iron; and a base or foot B, made from the same continuous material bent back
at, a right angle to the upright part A.
In order to obtain a support for the blocks of wood C, or other material used to
form the roadway, where they fit into the hollow or inside of the angular upright A,
and to sustain the said blocks at the required level; also to give a further support
to the upright, I cut or punch a flap of metal D, out of the base B, and turn it into
the position shown in the drawings, Figs. 1 and 2, and by the application of force I
bring it to a level with the part B, from which it is punched. Although I prefer
this plan, as it leaves the base B, of the strongest form, I may cut the flap out of
the upright, and bend it down, or I may cut two side pieces from the base and
bend them forward, or I may arrive at the same result by the use of other
equivalent methods.
The studs so constructed are intended to be used as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but
other arrangements of the studs can be made if desired in the first plan or. that of
Fig. 3, square blocks of wood or like material are used.
The base plates or feet of the studs are embedded in a thin layer of asphalte
upon a concrete foundation, and the blocks of wood placed in position as shown so
that they rest upon the said layer of asphalte and upon the base. or foot of each
stud, and I prefer to allow the studs to project slightly above the face of the blocks
say for example one, eighth of an inch.
In the arrangement shown in Fig. 4-I use oblong blocks arranged in the manner
of brickwork, and the studs placed as shown.
In both arrangements I fill the interstices or spaces between the blocks due to
the intervening studs, with pitch, or other cement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what, manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1 In the construction of composite roadways of wood blocks, or the like, the
use of a metallic stud, consisting of a base or foot B, a support D, and an upright A,
of rectangular or shaped cross section, placed at the corners of the blocks, for
the purpose specified, and substantially as herein before described, and as shown in
Figs. 1 and 2.
2-A metallic stud for composite roadways, having an upright A, of cross-section
resembling angle iron, (or the letter L) and a base or foot arranged at either side
of the said upright, for the purpose specified, and substantially as hereinbefore
described.and.shown.
.1 טז
J
151001
ROBT. F. DRURY, Fel... Inst. P.A.,
Bank Buildings, George Street, Sheffield,,Agent for. Applicant.