CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON MACHINES OR MACHINERY FOR LEVIGATING OR GRINDING COLOURS USED IN THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF PRINTING, WHICH MACHINERY MAY BE WORKED BY ANY SUITABLE POWER, AND IS APLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1824

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
POLLARD, of Rupert Street, in the Parish of Saint James, in the County of
Middlesex, Brassfounder, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ircland, called England, bearing date at Westminster,
the Nineteenth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four,
in the fourth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said George
Pollard, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said George Pollard, my exors, adiñors,
and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON MACHINES
OR MACHINERY FOR LEVIGATING OR GRINDING COLOURS USED IN THE VARIOUS BRANCHES
OF PRINTING, WHICH MACHINERY MAY BE WORKED BY ANY SUITABLE POWER, AND IS
APLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso, that if I, the said George Pollard, shall not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
scal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties

page_text: and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine,
and become void, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Pollard, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say):
:-
Drawing No. 1 is a levigating and sifting machine; it consists of a wood
frame with two iron or stone rollers, worked on an iron or stone bed, on
which the colours or materials are ground. Under this bed is a machine, con-
taining at the bottom a receiving drawer, over which is placed a sieve, which
receives the ground colours or materials from the bed, the finer parts of which
is sifted into the receiving drawer under the sieve, which sieve and drawer can
be taken out and again placed in as occasion may require. A, A, is the wood
frame of the machine; B, B, the two cast or wrought-iron or stone rollers,
which break down the materials to be ground on the bed C; D, the shaft
that moves the rollers; this shaft rests on the bridge E. F is the first
motion wheel, which is fixed to the laying shaft, on the end of which is fixed
the winch handle that puts in motion the wheel G, which moves the shaft and
rollers, and also gives the motion to the wheel H. This wheel puts in motion
the shifting machine by moving of the two wheels i and j, which turns the
crank shaft K; L, the oblong square box containing the sieve and receiving
drawer. This box is held up by the means of four iron rods, one at each
corner of the box, as at M, M. These rods have hooks at both ends, which
pass through the four staples N, N, at each corner of the box, and the hooks
on the other ends of the rods pass through four other staples at the top, so that
the box hangs loose by the four rods. O, the sieve which draws out of the
box; P, the receiving drawer under the sieve, which receives the finer parts of
the materials through the sieves; Q, an iron or wood bar, which moves on the
hinge R. The other end of this bar passes over 'the staple S, and is fastened
by a key, or screw, or pin, in order to prevent the sieve and receiving drawer
removing out of their place in the box when the machine is at work; T is the
representation of the form of the edge or outside rim of one of the rollers B,
which is for the purpose of more effectually breaking down the materials to be
ground by the other plain roller; V, the fly wheel, which is fixed to the other
end of the laying shaft, to which the winch handle is attached; U is the
scraper in the bed, which is moved by the shaft D; W is the lever that puts

page_text: out of gear the wheel J, so that the sifting machine may not be in motion
but when required; X is the shute from the bed C, down which the material
ground is thrown into the sieve O; Y is the slide board on the side of the bed..
This board passes over the top of the shute, which when shut prevents any of
the materials that is in the process of grinding from falling down the shute.,
This machine cannot only be worked by hand, but it can also be worked by.
any other suitable power.
Drawing No. 2 is a double machine for the purpose of grinding two sepa-
rate colours or other materials by the means of grinding the same with any
number of glass or stone mullers, or a circular runner of stone of any dimen-
sions on glass or stone beds, which may also be made to any dimensions.
A, the wood frame of the machine; B, B, the two beds, on which the material
to be ground is placed; C, C, the two cranks, on the heads of which is
a round pin, which passes through a hole at the ends of the long bar D
these cranks move the bar D round. The throw of these crank heads.
can be shortened as may be found necessary in the course of working
of the machines by unscrewing of the nuts E, E, on the heads of the
two cranks, and then forcing off the mortices of the cranks lower down on the
crank heads and then screwing fast the nuts E, E. D, the long bar of iron or
wood, in which is fixed the two round iron pins F, F, to one of which is fixed
the iron wheel G; in the centre of this wheel is a brass tube which the pin Ę
passes through, and this wheel is fastened to it by the nut H, which screws on
the end of the pin which comes through the brass tube and under the wheel;
in this wheel is placed the mullers i, i, i, i, as seen in Figs. 1 & 2, by which
the colours or materials are ground; j, the circular runner stone, which is fixed
to the other pin F by a brass coupling barrel K, which slide on the round iron
pin F, which is prevented from falling off by the small iron chain L which it is
fastened to; this chain is also fastened on its other end to the side of the
bar D. M, M, M, M, the four cast-iron or leaden weights, which may be
placed on the top of the runner stonej in order to increase its weight if found
necessary. N is the first motion wheel in which the laying shaft is fixed, and
on one end of this shaft is fixed the winch handle O, which, when turned
round, works the whole machine; on the opposite end of this shaft is fixed the
fly-wheel P; the wheel N moves the two wheels Q.Q; these two wheels move
the laying shafts R, R; on the opposite ends of these shafts is the two wheels
S, S, which puts in motion the two crank wheels T, T, and turns round the
bar D, which immediately gives motion to the mullers and circular runner stone.
V, the form of another iron frame that can be attached to the round pin F for
mullers to work in. U, U, U, U, the four mullers in the iron frame; W, W

page_text: is the plummer blocks or carriages in which the upper bearings of the two
cranks are fixed; X, X, is the iron steps in which the two cranks rest; Y, the
hook, which is fixed on the bar D, on which the iron wheel G, when drawn up
the iron pin F, is placed on, in order to give room to remove the mullers, that
the colours or materials ground may be taken off from the bed stone. Z, Z, Z,
is the three different forms of cranks intended to be used in the working of
these colour-grinding machines, viz:-No. 1 is the form of the crank that is
introduced into all the Drawings of the Specification of the machines for the
grinding of colours and other materials; No. 2 is another sort of crank intended
to be used in these machines for the grinding of colours and other materials;
and No. 3 is another form of crank, which is intended to be used in the said
machines for the grinding of colours and other materials.
Drawing No. 3 is a single machine for the grinding of colours and other
materials; it has only one bed stone, and all its motions are exactly the same
as is specified in the Drawing of the double machine No. 2, this machine
having only one pin in the middle of the bar D. A is the circular runner
stone; B the weights, all of which are clearly specified in the Drawing No. 2;
C is the iron frame of another description which is intended to be applied to
any of these grinding machines; D, D, D, D, the four mullers in the iron
frame to operate on the materials to be ground; the round iron pins in the bars
of any of these machines can be removed when required, and those pins
when fixed in for to work the circular runner stones if wanted.
Drawing, No. 4, is a double machine, for the purpose of grinding colours
and other materials; this machine also contains two beds, and the form
of the wood frame, the cranks, and wheels, and all its motions are the same
as already described and specified in the Drawing of the double machine,
No. 2, except that a second motion is given in this machine to the wheel
A and the frame B by the means of the four crank arms C, C, C, C;
two of these crank arms are screwed on the two upright pins of the crank
arms D, D; the two crank arms E, E, on the top of the bar F; each of them
is screwed on the top of the pins G, G. These pins move round in the
barrels H, H. I, the iron bar in which is four round holes which is placed on
the four upright pins of the crank arms C, C, C, C, which give the motion to
the two crank pins G, G. Those two pins are square in that part which passes
through the centre of the wheel A, and also of the frame B, and also of the
slit mortice of the centre of the runner stone that may be attached occa-
sionally to it, by which means the frame and wheel or runner stone receives the
second motion from the crank pins. These machines can be so extended in the
size of the two beds, and the dimensions increased in the iron frames and

page_text: wheels so as to contain any number of mullers, also on larger runner stones, by
which means a larger quantity of colour or material can be ground; this
machine can also be worked by any suitable power.
Drawing No. 5 is a single machine for grinding colours, it contains only one
bed stone, but all its motions on being worked are exactly the same as described
and specified in the Drawing of the double machine, No.4; the only difference
is its having but two crank arms which gives the second motion to the pin im
the middle of the bar which puts in motion the frame A; B, B, B, B, are the
four circular mullers with a round iron pin in their centre which passes through
the holes at the ends of the frame A, so that when the bar moves the frame
round, the upper crank arms also turns round the frame A, and the iron pins
of the mullers being loose in the holes of the frame gives liberty for the
mullers to revolve round also at the same time, which produces a threefold
opperation upon the colour or materials that is and are being ground.
Drawing No. 6 is a double machine for grinding colours, containing two beds;
which may be either of glass, properly prepared, or of stone; the wood frame;
cranks, shafts, wheels, and its motions are the same as already specified in the
Drawing No. 2, except that several more motions are given to the iron frame A,
which contains and works the four mullers B, B, B, B, and also the circular
runner stone C; these motions are produced by the four bovil wheels D, D, D, D;
which move the four pinion wheels E, E, E, E. The number of these motions
can be increased by having larger pinion wheels. F, F, the two pins on the
top of which are fixed the wheels D, which put in motion these two pins; that
part of the two pins which is towards the beds is square and passes through
the square hole in the centre of the iron frame A, which is fixed on to the
square part of the pin and is fastened on by the nut G; this frame is slid up
the pin and placed on the hook H in order to give room and to remove the
mullers that the colours or materials when ground may be taken from off the
bed stone. F, the other pin, to which is fixed the circular runner stone I;
in the centre of the stone is fixed an iron slit mortice which the square
part of the pin F passes into, and is fastened together by a small key or pin
which passes through both the mortice and square part of the pin F. This
machine can also work any of the wheels or iron frames herein specified
by being placed on the two pins F, F. This machine can be made upon
5 the same principal, as is specified in Drawing No. 8, with only three cranks
and addition of four bed stones, and worked by any suitable power.
Drawing No. 7 is a single machine for the purpose of grinding of colours or
⚫any other materials; it contains only one bed stone to grind on, all its motions

page_text: on being worked is exactly the same as specified in Drawing No. 6 of the
double machine.
Drawing No. 8 is a machine for grinding of colours and any other materials.
This machine contains four separate bed stones, scen at Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, on
which four separate colours or other materials can be ground at the same
time by the mullers placed in the two iron frames, wheel, and circular runner
stone, which has been already described and specified in the other Drawings.
The difference of this machine is, it is composed of four beds and is worked
with but three cranks A, A, A, which puts in motion the bar B which moves
the iron frame and works the mullers and circular runner stone in the same
way as has been described and specified in the Drawing of.the double machine
No. 2. The bed stones of all these machines can be made to any dimensions, and
any number of mullers can be worked in the frames, and also the mullers may
be increased in size and weight with iron frames and wheels in proportion to
receive them, as well as the runner stones also may be made to any dimensions,
by which means a larger quantity of colours or other materials can be ground.
The three cranks can be applied to four or more beds, and also to all the other
machines described and specified in this Patent. These machines can also be
worked by any suitable power by the means of other wheels being attached to
the cranks for that purpose.
Drawing No. 9 is a machine for the grinding of colours and any other
materials; it contains two bed stones on which two separate colours can be
ground. A, the wood frame; B, B, the two beds on which the colours are
ground; C, C, the two cranks which move the bar D; E, E, the two round
iron pins fastened into the ends of the bar D by iron nuts top and bottom;
F, the iron frame which is fastened to the round iron pin E and contains the
mullers, which is worked as already described and specified in the other
Drawings of the Specification of this Patent, as is also the runner stone G and
the brass barrel H. I, the first motion wheel, to which the winch handle is
fixed to the laying shaft, that is fixed to the wheel I; j, the wheel that is
moved by the wheel I that moves the middle shaft; K, the middle wheel
which puts in motion the two spur wheels L and M, which give motion to the two
cranks C, C, by which means the whole machine is put into motion. This
machine can also be extended to any dimensions and worked with any number
of mullers and runner stones, also by any suitable power. N, the fly wheel.
As the power that all these machines specified in this Patent requires is but
very small, the said several machines may be either worked with or without
the fly wheels according to the choice or opinion of the persons working them.
spur

page_text: Drawings No. 10 and No. 11, is a machine for the grinding of colours or other
materials; it contains four bed stones on which four separate colours can be
ground at once.
Drawing No. 10, A, A, A, A, is the form of the wood frame of this machine ;
B, the centre wheel; in this wheel is fixed the centre crank, the arm which
works and moves the long bar, as described and specified in the Drawing, No. 8.
The crank wheel B gives motion to the four wheels C, C, C, C; these four
wheels moves the laying shafts D, D, D, D; E, E, E, E, the four wood bridges
and iron coupling on plumer blocks or carriages for the shafts bearings to be
fastened in. F, F, F, F, the four wheels that give the motion to the four
crank wheels G, G, G, G; the round iron pins of the arms of these cranks
pass through the hole in the ends of the long bar in the same manner and
way as already described in all the Drawings herein described and specified.
The form of all the cranks being the same, the only difference in this machine
is that the long bar is in the shape of an exact cross with the pin of the centre
crank arm in the middle of the cross; and the pins of the other crank arms
passes through the holes at the ends of the cross, so that when this machine is
viewed from its centre, or one end, it exactly appears as the machine with
only three cranks, see Drawing No. 8, and the crank heads that are on the
top of the bars in Drawings No. 4 and No. 5, and by which means another
motion is given to the iron frame and wheel that contains the mullers; also
the same motion is given to the circular runner stones. The said crank heads
can also be adopted to this machine in order to obtain the said motions, and
also the wheels and pinion wheels that are on the top of the bars specified in
the Drawings No. 6 and No. 7; and by which means several rotary motions
may be given to the iron frames, wheels, and runner stones. The said
wheels and pins can be adopted to this machine in order to obtain the said
motions.
In Drawing No. 11, is one of the beds surrounded with a circular frame,
and which also can be adopted to any other of these machines specified in
this my Patent, which is for the purpose of grinding of colours or other
materials that is required to be ground in a liquid state.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Pollard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.
GEORGE (L.s.) POLLARD.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Nineteenth day of March in
the year of our Lord 1824, the aforesaid George Pollard came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in forni
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord Que
thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.