IMPROVE- MENTS IN HYDRAULIC CRANES
Year: 1864

page_text: In the Matter of the Petition of PERCY GRAHAM BUCHANAN WEST-
MACOTT, of Elswick, Newcastle-on-Tyne, to enter a Disclaimer and
Memorandum of Alteration to Specification to his Patent for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC CRANES," bearing date the Third day of August One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, Number One thousand nine
hundred and thirty, and the Opposition of Messieurs Tannett, Walker,
and Company thereto. Which Petition was referred to Her Majesty's
Solicitor-General to consider what might properly be done therein, and
who has decided upon granting the prayer thereof upon condition of
my giving the undertaking herein-after contained: now, in consideration
of the premises, I hereby undertake that no legal proceedings be taken
against the opponents carrying on business as Tannett and Company, or
against any of their customers, by reason of the use or continued use
by the said Tannett and Company, or their customers, or any of them,
of any part of the Invention, the subject of the said Letters Patent, in
any crane constructed or being constructed by the said firm.
Dated this Thirtieth day of January One thousand eight hundred and
oronty three
eventy three
Vitness,
GEORGE KNIGHT,
8, Great George St.,
London, S.W.,
PERCY G. B. WESTMACOTT.

page_text: And whereas it was not my intention that these words should bear
this meaning:
And whereas, on the contrary, I used these words in the common and
technical sense in which they were used at the date of my Patent, viz.,
to mean a crane having lifting gear, consisting of a cylinder, into which
water or a liquid can be forced by a very heavy pressure; also of a ram
working within the cylinder, and forced outwards by the pressure of
the liquid; also of pulleys, both on the ram, and also fixed; also of a
crane chain passing around these pulleys, and thence to the load, which
consequently is moved through a space exceeding that traversed by the
ram:
And whereas I do not wish to make or retain under this Patent any
claim in respect to cranes worked by water pressure, acting in cylinders
mounted upon the crane post, and giving rotary motion to a barrel on
which the crane chain is wound, as I had myself prior to the date of this
Patent described such a crane in a Specification filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office, to other Letters Patent bearing date the 9th day of July,
1863, No. 1710:
And whereas I do not wish to make or retain any claim in respect to
cranes, such as are described in the Specification of a Patent granted to
Robert Morrison, and dated the 29th day of September, 1856, No. 2279,
that is to say, I do not wish to make or retain any claim in respect to
cranes in which the crane post being cylindrical contains a piston to
which is attached a wire rope passing through a stuffing box: and then
ever-pullies-to-the-load-in-such manner-that-the-load-moves-through-the-same-dis-
tanee-as-the-piston:
I therefore for these reasons desire to disclaim and alter my said
Specification, and I do hereby disclaim and alter the same by inserting
at page 3 of the Specification, as it is printed by Her Majesty's Printers,
and at line 20 after the word "object" the word "the," and after the
words "hydraulic cranes" the words "herein-after described;" and at
page 5, lines 1 an 2, by inserting after the words "which consists in
constructing" the words "substantially as herein-before described."
And in order that the effect of this Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration may be better understood I annex a copy of the Specification,
as it will appear when such Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration
has been made as aforesaid.

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PERCY
GRAHAM BUCHANAN WESTMACOTT, of Elswick, Newcastle-on-Tyne, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott, Her
special license that I, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC CRANES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Percy Graham
Buchanan Westmacott, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next, and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the improvements in hydraulic
cranes, herein-after described. Heretofore in hydraulic cranes the
cylinder or cylinders of the hydraulic machinery has been separated from
the crane itself, and carried upon an independent foundation or bed
plate.
Now according to my Invention I construct hydraulic cranes in such
manner that the hydraulic machinery is carried within the parts of the
crane itself instead of attaching it away from the crane, and for this
purpose I place the cylinder and ram upon the pillar or jib of the crane,
and convey the water supply pipe of the engine up through the pivot

page_text: upon which the crane pillar turns. The pillar or jib I by preference
form of two parallel plates of iron, having at their lower ends the
hydraulic cylinder between them, and above the cylinder guides are
formed on the plates to guide the ram in its to-and-fro movement; the
length of the cylinder and ram will depend upon the length of the lift
required. The ram at its upper end carries a pulley over which the
chain of the crane passes. One end of the chain is attached to the
cylinder itself, and (when the cylinder is carried by the pillar) the other
end of the chain after passing over the pulley on the ram passes down-
wards, and then after passing around a pulley below the top of the
cylinder rises upwards and passes over a pulley at the top of the pillar
and so over a pulley at the end of the jib. The water supply pipe which
rises up through the pivot upon which the crane pillar turns, as before
mentioned, either passes to the cylinder, or if the valve be also attached
to the crane, as I prefer it should be, it passes to the valve and so to the
cylinder. I prefer also that the pipe should pass through the lower
pivot, as by so doing advantage can be taken of the pressuro of water
acting on the area of the supply pipe passing through the pivot to ease
or relieve to that extent the weight of the parts revolving upon the
bottom socket, and thus enable the jib to be turned with greater ease.
By constructing hydraulic cranes in the manner above described not
only is there a saving in the space occupied by the machinery but the
cost of the crane and foundation required for it is also diminished.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention I will proceed
more fully to describe the manner of preforming the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a side elevation of a crane constructed and worked
according to my said Invention; Figure 2 shews 'a back clevation
thereof.
A, A, is the pillar composed of parallel plates; B is the jib; C, C, are
the stays; D, D, is the bottom pivot on which the pillar turns; E is the
top pivot; F is the top socket; G is the bottom socket; H is the
hydraulic cylinder carrying the pulley O, and the cylinder has also one
end of the chain P attached to it; I is the ram which carries the
pulley O¹ over which the chain P passes, then under the pulley O,
thence over the pulley O2, and then over the pulley O' at the upper end
of the jib. The length of the hydraulic cylinder and ram and tho

page_text: number of the multiplying pulleys will depend on the length of lift
required; K, K, are the guides for the ram; L is the valve for working
the ram; L' is the handle for working the valve; M, M, are the pressure
pipes; and N, N, are the exhaust pipes.
It is preferred that the pivot which works in the bottom socket should
be made with a vessel or cistern to receive the exhaust water from the
cylinder, as also the drainage water before passing through the bottom
socket to the exhaust pipe or drain, and it is also preferred that the
water for working the hydraulic cylinder should pass through the bottom
pivot, but if desired it may pass through the upper pivot or be otherwise
supplied to the hydraulic cylinder."
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I make
no claim to any of the mechanical parts separately, and I would state
that the details shewn may be varied without departing from my In-
vention, which consists in constructing, substantially as herein-before
described, the hydraulic cylinders and valves of hydraulic cranes with in
place of separate from the cranes."
In witness whereof, I, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Percy
Graham Buchanan Westmacott, to file in the Great Seal Patent Office,
with the Specification to which the same relates, the above-written
Amended Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration, subject to the
conditions contained in an Undertaking signed by the said Percy Graham
Buchanan Westmacott, dated the Thirtieth day of January last, and
annexed hereto and initialed by me.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Perey Graham Buchanan Westmacott, of Elswick,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
CRANES."
Sealed the 27th December 1864, and dated the 3rd August 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Percy Graham Buchanan
Westmacott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd August 1864.
I, PERCY GRAHAM BUCHANAN WESTMACOTT, of Elswick, Newcastle-on-Tyne,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS' IN HYDRAULIC
CRANES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hydraulic cranes.
Here-
tofore in hydraulic cranes the cylinder of the hydraulic machinery has been
separated from the crane itself, and carried upon an independent foundation
or bed plate.
Now according to my Invention I construct hydraulic cranes in such
manner that the hydraulic machinery is carried within the parts of the crane
itself instead of attaching it away from the crane, and for this purpose I

page_text: place the cylinder and ram upon the pillar or jib of the crane, and convey the
water supply pipe of the engine up through the pivot upon which the crane
pillar turns. The pillar or jib I by preference form of two parallel plates of
iron, having at their lower ends the hydraulic cylinder between them, and
above the cylinder guides are formed on the plates to guide the ram in its
to-and-fro movement; the length of the cylinder and ram will depend upon
the length of the lift required. The ram at its upper end carries a pulley
over which the chain of the crane passes; one end of the chain is attached to
the cylinder itself, and (when the cylinder is carried by the pillar) the other
end of the chain after passing over the pulley on the ram passes downwards,
and then after passing around a pulley below the top of the cylinder rises
upwards and passes over a pulley at the top of the pillar, and so over a pulley
at the end of the jib. The water supply pipe which rises up through the
pivot upon which the crane pillar turns, as before mentioned, either passes to
the cylinder, or if the valve be also attached to the crane, as I prefer it should
be, it passes to the valve, and so to the cylinder. I prefer also that the
pipe should pass through the lower pivot, as by so doing advantage can be
taken of the pressure of water acting on the area of the supply pipe passing
through the pivot to ease or relieve to that extent the weight of the parts
revolving upon the bottom socket, and thus enable the jib to be turned with
greater ease.
By constructing hydraulic cranes in the manner above described not only is
there a saving in the space occupied by the machinery, but the cost of the
crane and foundation required for it is also diminished.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PERCY
GRAHAM BUCHANAN WESTMACOTT, of Elswick, Newcastle-on-Tyne, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott, Her special licence

page_text: that I, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott, my. executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Percy Graham
Buchanan Westmacott, my executors, administrators, and assigns,. should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term. therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC CRANES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under. my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof;. that. is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hydraulic cranes.
Here-
tofore in hydraulic cranes the cylinder or cylinders of the hydraulic machinery
has been separated from the crane itself, and carried upon an: independent
foundation or bed plate.
Now according to my Invention I construct hydraulic cranes in such
manner that the hydraulic machinery is carried within the parts of the crane
itself instead of attaching it away from the crane, and for this purpose I place
the cylinder and ram upon the pillar or jib of the crane, and convey the water.
supply pipe of the engine up through the pivot upon which the crane pillar
turns. The pillar or jib I by preference form of two parallel plates of iron,
having at their lower ends the hydraulic cylinder between them, and above
the cylinder guides are formed on the plates to guide the ram in its to-and-fro
movement; the length of the cylinder and ram will depend upon the length
of the lift required. The ram at its upper end carries a pulley over which
the chain of the crane passes; one end of the chain is attached to the cylinder
itself, and (when the cylinder is carried by the pillar) the other end of the chain.
after passing over the pulley on the ram passes downwards, and then after
passing around a pulley below the top of the cylinder rises upwards and
passes over a pulley at the top of the pillar, and so over a pulley at the end of

page_text: the jib. The water supply pipe which rises up through the pivot upon which
the crane pillar turns, as before mentioned, either passes to the cylinder, or if
the valve be also attached to the crane, as I prefer it should be, it passes to
the valve, and so to the cylinder. I prefer also that the pipe should pass
through the lower pivot, as by so doing advantage can be taken of the
pressure of water acting on the area of the supply pipe passing through
the pivot to ease or relieve to that extent the weight of the parts re-
volving upon the bottom socket, and thus enable the jib to be turned with
greater ease.
By constructing hydraulic cranes in the manner above described not only is
there a saving in the space occupied by the machinery, but the cost of the
crane and foundation required for it is also diminished.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a crane constructed and worked
according to my said Invention; Figure 2 shows a back elevation thereof.
A, A, is the pillar composed of parallel plates; B is the jib; C, C, are the
stays; D, D, is the bottom pivot on which the pillar turns; E is the top
pivot; F is the top socket; G. is the bottom socket; H is the hydraulic
cylinder, carrying the pulley O, and the cylinder has also one end of the
chain P attached to it; I is the ram which carries the pulley O', over which
the chain P passes, then under the pulley O, thence over the pulley 0%, and
then over the pulley Os at the upper end of the jib. The length of the
bydraulic cylinder and ram and the number of the multiplying pulleys will
depend on the length of lift required. K, K, are the guides for the ram;
L is the valve for working the ram; L' is the handle for working the valve;
M, M, are the pressure pipes; and N, N, are the exhaust pipes. It is preferred
that the pivot which works in the bottom socket should be made with a vessel
or cistern to receive the exhaust water from the cylinder, as also the drainage
water before passing through. the bottom socket to the exhaust pipe or drain,
and it is also preferred that the water for working the hydraulic cylinder should
pass through the bottom pivot, but if desired it may pass through the upper
pivot, or be otherwise supplied to the hydraulic cylinder.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no. claim to any
of the mechanical parts separately, and I would state that the details shown

page_text: may be varied without departing from my Invention, which consists in con-
structing the hydraulic cylinders and valves of hydraulic cranes with in place
of separate from the cranes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Percy Graham Buchanan Westmacott,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
PERCY GRAHAM BUCHANAN WESTMACOTT. (L.s.)