IMPROVED APPARATUS FOB PREPARING COTTON FOR SPINNING
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark of the firm of. A M and
W Clark of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents,
for an Invention of IMPROVED APPARATUS FOB PREPARING COTTON FOR
SPINNING Communicated to him from abroad by Georges Alphonse Risler
of Cernay, Haute Alsace
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1882.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A M and W Clark of
53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agents "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON FOR SPINNING [Communicated to him from
abroad by Georges Alphonse Risler of Cernay, Haute Alsace]
"
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for preparing cotton for spinning
and it comprises 1st a novel system of drawing whereby thick laps of cotton of
considerable breadth (varying from about 30 inches to 50 inches according to the
width of the beaters) may be drawn whose filaments are entangled as are in fact
the laps coming from opening and batting machines.
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood I will proceed to
describe an example thereof with reference to the accompanying drawing in which
figure 1 represents a plan view of two pairs of fluted drawing rollers, figure 2 a
front view and figure 3 a cross section of same. Figure 4 shows the back pair of
rollers clothed with card teeth instead of being fluted. Figure 5 shows the entire
drawing apparatus on a smaller scale Figures 6, 7 and 8 show two or more similar
apparatus combined.
The same letters of reference denote the same parts in all the figures a is the
back pair of rollers which may either be coarsely fluted or provided with bent teeth
as shown in figure 4
The upper roller of this pair rests only by its own weight on the lower one, or it
may be loaded if necessary, so that the filaments may be drawn out by the rolls
without impairing their strength or quality. 'b is the front pair of rolls fluted
Drine R71

page_text: more finely than the back pair a. The pressure of rollers b is from six to ten
times as great as that of a for the same breadth and thickness of lap. The rollers b
are also speeded higher (1 to 3 times faster) than rollers a, the ratio varying with
the quality and length of the filaments under treatment which are thereby drawn
out straightened and laid parallel.
This operation sensibly improves the lap of cotton and greatly facilitates its
subsequent treatment in the express-carding engines &c. without injuring the
filaments
The reach of the rolls a and b is regulated according to the length of the staple
and the nature of the cotton
It is impossible with the ordinary system to draw laps of the same thickness and
dimensions as by this improved system.
The fluted rollers may be as much as one inch and a half to two and a half
inches in diameter, so as to avoid flexure at the centre and therefore ensure a more
regular drawing of the filaments
It will be evident that the number of pairs of drawing rollers employed may be
varied for different spinning operations qualities of the cotton and "numbers" to
be spun. For example either two or three sets of drawing rollers may be combined
as shown in figures 6, 7 and 8.
Another improvement relates to the beaters employed in machines for batting
long stapled cotton. These beaters as ordinarily constructed allow the cotton to
fly about within it and the hinged beaters having a smooth face do not carry the
cotton onwards properly to the succeeding cylinders by which the separation and
cleaning of the cotton is continued.
The improvements are illustrated in figures 9 and 10 and consist 1st in applying
teeth upon the face of the pivoted beaters i (2nd) in filling up the space between
the arms by a drum k of the form shown also provided with, teeth (3rd) in
employing four or more pivoted beaters i in order to increase the working surface.
The beater thus constructed may be combined with the express carding engine to
operate upon long stapled cotton which requires careful treatment. (4th) in making
the teeth of the beaters i to project from 1/25th to 18th of an inch beyond those
upon the segments of the drum

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th January 1883.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the Firm of A, M, and W, Clark of
53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Patent Agents "IMPROVED
A communication to me from
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING COTTON FOR SPINNING."
abroad by Georges Alphonse Risler of Cernay, Haute Alsace
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for preparing cotton for spinning,
and it comprises 1st a novel system of drawing thick fleeces or laps of cotton of
considerable breadth (varying from about 30 inches to 50 inches, according to the
width of the beaters) whose filaments are entangled, as are in fact the laps coming
from opening and batting machines..
In order that the Invention may be more readily understood, I will proceed to
describe an example thereof with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which
Figure 1 represents a plan view of two pairs of fluted drawing rollers, Figure 2 a
front view, and Figure 3 a cross section of same. Figure 4 shows the back pair of
rollers clothed with card teeth instead of being fluted. Figure 5 shows the entire
drawing apparatus on a smaller scale. Figures 6. 7. and 8 show two or more
similar apparatus combined. The same letters of reference denote the same parts
in all the figures.
a is the back pair of rollers which may either be of iron coarsely fluted or
provided with bent teeth as shown in Figure 4. The upper roller of this pair rests
only by its own weight on the lower one or it may be loaded if necessary so that
the filaments may be drawn out by the rolls without being impaired in strength
or quality. b is the front pair of rolls fluted more finely than the back pair a.
The pressure of rollers b is from six to ten times as great as that of a for the same
breadth and thickness of lap. The rollers b are also speeded higher (one to three
times faster) than rollers a, the ratio varying with the quality and length of the
filaments under treatment which are thereby drawn out, straightened and laid
parallel. This operation sensibly improves the lap of cotton and greatly facilitates
its subsequent. treatment in the express carding engines &c, without injuring the
filaments. The reach of the rolls a and b is regulated according to the length of .
the staple and the nature of the cotton. It is impossible with the ordinary system
of drawing to draw laps of the same thickness and dimensions as by this improved
system
The fluted rollers may be as much as one inch and a half to two and a half
inches in diameter so as to avoid flexure at the centre and therefore ensure a more
regular drawing of the filaments.
to
It will be evident that the number of pairs of drawing rollers employed may be
varied for different spinning operations, qualities of the cotton, and "numbers
be spun. For example, either two or three sets of drawing rollers may be combined
as shown in Figures 6. 7 and 8.
Another improvement relates to the beaters employed in machines for batting
long stapled cotton. These beaters as ordinarily constructed allow the cotton to fly
about within it, and the hinged beaters having a smooth face, do not carry the
cotton onwards properly to the succeeding cylinders by which the separation and
cleaning of the cotton is continued.
The improvements are illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, and consist 1st in
applying teeth upon the face of the pivoted beaters i; 2nd in filling up the space
between the arms by a drum k of the form shown also provided with teeth; 3rd in
employing four or more pivoted beaters i in order to increase the working surface,

page_text: The beater thus constructed may be combined with the express carding engine to
operate upon long stapled cotton which requires careful treatment; 4th in making
the teeth of the beaters i to project from 12th to 1/8th of an inch beyond those
upon the segments of the drum.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is:
1st. In apparatus for preparing cotton for spinning, a system of drawing
apparatus composed of pairs of rollers a 6 having dissimilarly fluted or toothed
surfaces and different speeds substantially as and for the purpose herein specified.
2nd. In a system of drawing apparatus, the combination of pairs of cylinders a
and b the pair a exerting no more pressure on the filaments beyond that due to
the weight of the upper cylinder whilst the cylinders 6 are loaded with a pro-
portional weight as herein described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 of the
drawings.
b
3rd. The construction of the beaters employed in machines for batting cotton
consisting in the combination of toothed pivoted beaters i and toothed segments of
a drum intermediate thereof, substantially as described and represented in the
drawing.
In witness whereof I the said Alexander Melville Clark have hereunto set
my hand and seal this fifth day of January A.D. 1883.