IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OFFAL, OILS, FATS, AND A communication OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for an
invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF OFFAL, OILS, FATS, AND
A communication
OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
from abroad by Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte Bond, junior, of New York,
United States
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1882.
IN
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS
THE TREATMENT OF OFFAL, OILS, FATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR," a communication from abroad by Joseph Napoleon
Bonaparte Bond, Junior of New York, United States,
This invention consists in a process for treating offal, oils, fats, and other
materials of a similar nature, by exposing the same to a high temperature in a
comminuted state under constant agitation and in a rarefied atmosphere, so that
the noxious gases are carried off, and the material under treatment is readily
reduced to serve as a fertilizer; also in the combination of a drying chamber, a
shaft extending through the chamber and carrying a series of cutting blades; a
heating jacket surrounding said chamber, a condenser communicating with the
interior of the chamber, a flue connecting the heating jacket with the sınoke
chamber of a suitable furnace, such as a steam-boiler furnace, and a second flue
leading from the heating chamber to the smoke stack of the furnace; further in
the combination with the parts above named of a decomposing chamber and of a
condenser. Said decomposing chamber is filled with small pieces of copper, iron,
coke or any other suitable materials, according to the materials treated in the
cylinder, and as the vapors and gases which rise from the heated mass in said
cylinder pass through the decomposing chamber, they become highly heated and
by contact with the materials contained in said chamber they become decomposed
into ammoniacal and hydrocarbon gases, which on passing through the condenser
are rapidly cooled and mixed with water, in which state they pass off into the
sewer. The ammonia may be separated and used for technical purposes. As the
air in the condenser becomes rarefied, the gases and vapors from the cylinder are
drawn through the decomposing chamber with great rapidity and no offensive
gases are permitted to remain in said cylinder.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th November 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT OF OFFAL, OILS, FATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR," a communication from abroad by Joseph Napoleon Bonaparte
Bond, Junior, of New York, United States
This invention consists in a process for treating offal, oils, fats and other
materials of a similar nature by exposing the same to a high temperature in a
comminuted state under constant agitation and in a rarefied atmosphere so that
the noxious gases are carried off and the material under treatment is readily
reduced to serve as a fertilizer; also in the combination of a drying chamber, a
shaft extending through the chamber and carrying a series of cutting blades; a
heating jacket surrounding said chamber, a condenser communicating with the
interior of the chamber, a flue connecting the heating jacket with the smoke
chamber of a suitable furnace such as a steam boiler furnace and a second flue
leading from the heating chamber to the smoke stack of the furnace; further in
the combination with the parts above named of a decomposing chamber and of a
condenser.
This invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure 1
represents a vertical section of the apparatus which may be used in carrying out
the invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional side view of the drying cylinder.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of one of the cutting and agatating blades on a
larger scale than the previous figures.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts.
In these drawings the letter A designates the drying chamber which is by
preference made in the form of a cylinder closed on all sides and provided with a
jacket B which is fastened to the heads C of the cylinder in the manner shown in
Figure 2 or which may be secured by any other suitable means. Said heads from
the bearings for a shaft D and they are provided with stuffing boxes a, to prevent
the escape of gases from the interior of the cylinder at the journals of the shaft.
On one end of this shaft are mounted two pulleys E E' one being fast and the
other loose, so that a revolving motion can be imparted to said shaft by means of
a belt F.
Other means such as cog wheels, may however be employed for this purpose.
On that portion of the shaft D which is situated in the interior of the cylinder,
are secured a series of blades G which have cutting edges 6 (Fig. 3) and are
provided at their outer ends with scrapers c, said blades being arranged as shown
in Figures 1 and 2, so that when the shaft D is revolved in the direction of arrow 1
Figure 1, the cutting edges b of all the blades act upon the material contained in
the cylinder A so as to comminute the same while the scrapers c prevent said
material from adhering to the inner surface of the cylinder-At the same time the
material contained in the cylinder is constantly agitated and turned over by the
action of the blades G and the scrapers c, so that in a short time all parts thereof
become exposed to the action of the cutting edges of the blades and the entire
mass is reduced to small particles.
The material to be treated is introduced into the cylinder A through a hopper H
which is provided with an air tight gate so that when the apparatus is in action,
the escape of gases through the hopper is prevented.

page_text: The jacket B connects at its bottom by a flue I, with the smoke chamber J of a
furnace K and from the upper portion of said jacket extends a flue L which com-
municates with the smoke stack M of the furnace. In the flue I is a damper f
and the smoke stack is provided with a damper g. If the damper g is closed and
the damper fis open, the heated products of combustion rising from the furnace
pass through the jacket B to the smoke stack and the contents of cylinder A are
heated to high temperature.
In the example represented by the drawing I have shown a steam boiler furnace,
so that the heated gases which rise from said furnace are employed for the double
purpose of producing steam and of heating the contents of the cylinder A, the
steam being required to produce the required power for driving the shaft D.
In the smoke chamber J of the furnace is situated a decomposing chamber N
which communicates at one end by means of a pipe O, with the interior of the
cylinder A and its opposite end by a pipe P with the condenser Q.
Said decomposing chamber is filled with small pieces of copper, iron, coke or any
other suitable materials according to the materials treated in the cylinder A and
as the vapours and gases which rise from the heated mass in said cylinder pass
through the decomposing chamber N, they become highly heated and by contact
with the materials contained in said chamber they become decomposed into
ammoniacal and hydro carbon gases which on passing through the condenser are
rapidly cooled and mixed with water in which state they pass off through the
pipe R into the sewer S. The ammonia may be separated and used for technical
purposes.
As the air in the condenser becomes rarefied, the gases and vapours from the
cylinder A are drawn through the decomposing chamber with great rapidity and
no offensive gases are permitted to remain in said cylinder. By these means I am
enabled to treat offal of every kind, oils, fats, horse manure, excrements and other
substances of a similar nature and to convert such substances into fertilizers
without allowing any of the deliterious gases to escape or to produce an offensive
odour and the entire operation can be conducted very economically and with
comparatively little hand labour.
It must be remarked that the decomposing chamber and condenser may be
combined with a rendering tank or other apparatus of a similar nature so that the
gases rising in said tank are rapidly drawn off through the decomposing chamber
into the condenser and all offensive odour is avoided.

page_text: and agitating blades, the heating jacket surrounding said chamber, the flue con-
necting said jacket with the smoke chamber of a suitable furnace, the flue leading
from said jacket into the smoke stack of the furnace, the decomposing chamber
situated in the interior of the smoke chamber and the condenser.
In Witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twentieth day of October A.D. 1882.
TT T
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