Improvements in Telegraph Transmitters.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct.. 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th May, 1895-Accepted, 8th June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telegraph Transmitters.
I, HERBERT ARNAUD TAYLOR, M.I.C.E., and JOSEPH ARTHUR LOVEL
DEARLOVE Electrical Engineer both of 4 Great Winchester Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows: :-
There have lately been introduced modifications of the well known Wheatstone
automatic transmitter adapting it for the transmission of signals on a submarine
cable worked on the siphon recorder or mirror system.
In the Wheatstone automatic transmitter as hitherto constructed for cable
signalling there are two contact levers which are controlled in their movements by
two needles and the movements of the levers are in turn governed by a paper tape
which is passed through the instrument. The tape is punched in accordance with
the message to be transmitted. The two contact levers are connected to line and
to earth respectively; they normally rest against contact points and these points
are both connected with the same pole of the transmitting battery.
When no hole in the paper occurs and neither needle can rise, the contact levers
remain in their normal position in which the line is connected with earth.
When on the other hand a hole in the paper tape is presented to the needle, the
needle rises through the 'hole and the corresponding contact lever is moved over
from its normal contact to another contact point and this latter is connected with
the other pole of the transmitting battery; consequently a current then passes in
the circuit.
The needle is immediately withdrawn from the hole in the piper but the contact
lever dwells for a very short but regulated time upon the contact point; it is then
withdrawn by the action of the clock work and replaced in its normal position.
Thus the arrangement is such that when either contact lever passes from one of
its contact points to the other and then returns it connects the cable first to battery
and then to earth.
It depends upon which contact lever is moved whether the current passing into
the cable is positive or negative.
Now in order to obtain a more rapid transmission I so arrange the instrument
that each current sent into the line is immediately followed by another current of
opposite sign and of shorter duration.
I provide the instrument for this purpose with additional contact levers
constituting a reversing key the motion of which is governed directly by the action
of an adjustable cam upon an arbor of the clockwork.
The contact points on which the levers normally rest and the contact points to
which the levers may pass when moved by the needles instead of being connected
lirectly with the respective poles of the battery are connected therewith through
he intervention of the reversing key; so the following or carbing currents are sent
nto the line.
In order to preserve a record of the messages transmitted by the instrument I
rovide two relays and I connect these relays between the battery and the contact
oints to which the contact levers pass when moved by the needles. It results from
his arrangement that when one contact lever moves, the current entering the cable
raverses the coils of one of the relays and when the other contact lever moves, the
urrent passes to earth through the coils of the other relay.

page_text: In connection with the local circuit of these relays 1 provide a recording
instrument such as Steinheils or Herrings having two styluses actuated by inde-
pendent circuits but marking on the same travelling paper. Each relay actuates
one of these stylusses. The relays are wound with coils of very low resistance say
from two to five ohms, and if the transmitting instrument be sending curb signals
polarised relays are employed.
These arrangements for preserving a record are applicable to transmitting keys
to be operated by hand; the keys then replacing the contact levers. The front
battery bar is divided, and its parts separately insulated and connected with the
relays as described.
Osted this 60th day at Dotahar 190L
We, HERBERT ARNAUD TAYLOR, M.I.C.E., and JOSEPH ARTHUR LOVEL
DEARLOVE, Electrical Engineer, both of 4 Great Winchester Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
There have lately been introduced modifications of the well known Wheatstone
automatic transmitter adapting it for the transmission of signals on a submarine
cable worked on the siphon recorder or mirror system.
In the Wheatstone automatic transmitter as hitherto constructed for cable
signalling there are two contact levers which are controlled in their movements by
two needles and the movements of the levers are in turn governed by a paper tape
which is passed through the instrument. The tape is punched in accordance with
the message to be transmitted. The two contact levers are connected to line and
to earth respectively; they normally rest against contact points and these points
are both connected with the same pole of the transmitting battery.
When no hole in the paper occurs and neither needle can rise, the contact levers
remain in their normal position in which the line is connected with earth.
When on the other hand a hole in the paper tape is presented to the needle, the
needle rises through the hole and the corresponding contact lever is moved over
from its normal contact to another contact point and this latter is connected with
the other pole of the transmitting battery; consequently a current then passes in
the circuit.
The needle is immediately withdrawn from the hole in the paper but the contact
lever dwells for a very short but regulated time upon the contact point; it is then
withdrawn by the action of the clockwork and replaced in its normal position.
Thus the arrangement is such that when either contact lever passes from one of
its contact points to the other and then returns it connects the cable first to battery
and then to earth.
It depends upon which contact lever is moved whether the current passing into
the cable is positive or negative.
Now in order to obtain a more rapid transmission we so arrange the instrument
that each current sent into the line is immediately followed by another current of
opposite sign and of shorter duration.
We provide the instrument for this purpose with additional contact levers
constituting a reversing key the motion of which is governed directly by the action
of an adjustable cam upon an arbor of the clockwork.
The contact points on which the levers normally rest and the contact points to

page_text: which the levers may pass when moved by the needles instead of being connected
directly with the respective poles of the battery are connected therewith through
the intervention of the reversing key; so the following or curbing currents are sent
into the line.
In order to preserve a record of the messages transmitted by the instrument we
provide two relays and we connect these relays between the battery and the contact
It results
points to which the contact levers pass when moved by the needles.
from this arrangement that when one contact lever moves, the current entering. the
cable traverses the coils of one of the relays and when the other contact lever
moves, the current passes to earth through the coils of the other relay.
In connection with the local circuit of these relays we provide a recording
instrument such as Steinheils or Herrings having two styluses actuated by inde-
pendent circuits but marking on the same travelling paper. Each relay actuates
one of these stylusses. The relays are wound with coils of very low resistance say
from two to five ohms, and if the transmitting instrument be sending curb signals
polarised relays are employed.
These arrangements for preserving a record are applicable to transmitting keys
to be operated by hand, the keys then replacing the contact levers. The front
battery bar is divided, and its parts separately insulated and connected with the
relays as described.
In order that our said invention may ly understood and readily carried into
effect we will proceed to describe the
annexed.
Figure 1 shews a Wheatstone automatic transmitter suitable for use on cable
lines; it is such an instrument as is described in the Specification of a prior Patent
granted to one of us No. 12407% and the figure illustrates also improvements
appertaining to our present invention. Figures 2 and 3 show separate parts of the
same instrument.
Figure illustrates our arrangements for keeping a record of the signals sent.
Figure 5 shows a like arrangement in connection with a pair of finger keys for
transmitting by hand.
In respect to Figures 1, 2 and 3 a is a cam shaft driven continuously by clockwork
and band bare two cams upon the shaft which impart movement to two levers c
and c', small rollers carried by the levers being kept up to the cams by springs.
The angle lever c carries a pin c* against which the horizontal limbs of two other
angle levers press. One such angle lever only is seen in the figure, another
similar lever being immediately behind the first. The lever d carries a needle e
and its fellow lever is also provided with a needle. These two needles oscillate
vertically whilst a strip of perforated paper traverses over their points. The
paper strip or tape is held in place by the wheel and is propelled by the
continuously revolving wheel g. The perforations in the paper permit the
movements of the needles or the unperforated paper intercepts them as the case
may be. When the needle e rises and the lever d which carries it rocks then the
pusher which the lever carries thrusts against the contact lever and drives it
from its stop i to its stop k, the point of the lever / passing from side to side beneath
the centre of the spring mounted jockey roller l.
After a regulated short interval of time the contact lever his thrust back again
by the pusher which is connected with the lever and so receives movement
from the cam b¹.
In a precisely similar way the lever behind d actuates a pusher d' which thrusts
upon a contact lever m and canses it to leave the stop n and pass to the stop o.
Then after the regulated interval of time the pusher connected with the lever c'
thrusts the contact lever m back to its original position. is a jockey roller similar
to. The contact lever is connected to line by a wire marked L and the contact

page_text: lever m is connected to earth by a wire marked E. i and
n₁
k and o are terminals
of the sending battery i, n being of the same sign and opposite to k and o. Such is
the arrangement described in the above mentioned former Specification; it will be
seen that in the position of the contact levers which the drawing indicates the cable
to earth and is also connected with the two battery terminals i and n which being
of like sign no current passes.
When either contact lever is moved, the other
remaining stationary, then a current will pass through the cable in one direction or
the other according as one or the other of the contact levers is moved. According
to our present invention and by means which we will now describe, in each short
interval during which current passes we cause a change of sign to occur after the
manner known as curb sending; which causes each effective impulse to be sharply
terminated by an opposite impulse. The terminals i and n it will be seen are
connected by wires B' with the contact pin p and the terminals k and o are connected
directly or indirectly by wires B2 B3 B4 with the lever q. The pin P and lever g
with other parts of the curbing mechanism are mounted upon a sliding block r
say of vulcanite and this can be moved forward or backward by turning the
graduated head of the screw 8. When it is desired to make use of curb signal
currents the block is advanced by the screw until the roller at the upper
end of the lever 9 comes more or less within range of the cam t on the axis a and
then at each rotation of the axis the lever 9 is made to rock about its centre.
u and vare two levers which as is shown are directly connected by wires B' B° to
a battery, they make contact with the pins p and q but they are never simul-
taneously in contact with either pin, this being prevented by the adjusting screw w
on the lever pressing against the insulating block a on the other lever.
The levers u and we term battery contact levers to distinguish them from the
principal contact levers h and m.
In the position which the drawing shows battery connection may be traced
from B5 and battery contact lever u to the pin q' on the lever 9 and thence by the
wires B B and B to the contact stops k and o; also starting from the other pole
of the battery connection may be traced from the battery contact lever by pin p
and wires B' to the stops i and n.
If this position of the battery contact levers u and were maintained the signals
sent would not be curbed but the action of the cam t during its rotation is to rock
the lever g and then during the passage of each signal the pin q' passes from
battery contact lever u to battery contact lever v and lever leaves, whilst lever u
comes to, the pin p; the circuit can then be traced from B³ to i and n and
from Be to k and o. Consequently a reversal takes place during the passage of the
signal current and sooner or later according to the adjustment of the instrument by
means of the screw s.
We
When according to another part of our invention we desire to keep a record of
the signals sent we provide supplementary mechanism as is illustrated by Figure 4.
RR are two polarised relays which we connect with the wires B2 B3 and B* in
Figure 1. As already stated the resistance of the coils of these relays is unusually
low or they might be of higher resistance and shunted by a low resistance.
make the connections as shown in such manner that when the contact lever / rests
on the stop the currents traverse the coils of the relay R'; whilst when the
contact lever m rests on the stop o the currents traverse the coils of the relay R².
In other words the relay R' receives and is actuated by the currents which signal
dashes and the relay R³ receives and is actuated by the currents which signal dots.
H indicates the receiver, preferably it is the instrument known as Herring's
Receiver." A short description of this instrument will suffice; it prints upon a
paper tape which is slowly moved forward by clockwork; the printing instrument
is a small wheel on an axis which is set lengthwise of the paper. The periphery of
this wheel is kept moist with ink.
"
The paper passes over two printing levers, one ends in a single narrow finger,
whilst the other lever is forked at the end. When the single lever operates its
single end rising beneath the paper lifts it into contact with the printing wheel but

page_text: at one point and this on the centre line of the paper; so a dot is printed. When
instead of the single lever the forked lever rises its two prongs press on the paper
at two points one on either side of the centre; so the paper is lifted into contact
with the printing wheel as before but the prongs also act to bend the paper somewhat
to a trough like form and the contact with the wheel is not now at a point only but
is prolonged into a dash or sufficiently to render the dot and the dash signals easily
distinguishable.
There are two local electric circuits through the instrument H one is closed by
the relay R and the other by the relay R; the local battery X is included in
both circuits.
The current from this battery passing through the coils of electro-magnets works
the printing levers in the usual way.
When it is not required that the signals should be "curbed" there may be
substituted for the two relays, a compound relay having two independent coils or
circuits of low resistance joined up between the transmitter or the sending key and
one pole of the battery in exactly the same way as the circuits of the two
relays.
The tongue of the compound relay is provided with a light spring or springs by
means of which it may be set so that when no current passes through the coils it
remains in the midway position between the contact stops and does not touch either
of them.
But the passage of a current through one of the circuits of the relay will move
the tongue into contact with, say, the left hand stop and the passage of a current
through the other circuit will move the tongue into contact with the right
hand stop.
One pole of the local battery is connected with the tongue, the two stops of the
relay being joined up with the respective coils of the recording instrument in an
obvious manner.
A further obvious modification is to convert the compound relay into a recording
instrument.
1
In such case the tongue of the relay carries at the extremity remote from its axis
a sma"
ular stylus resting lightly on a paper strip moved forward as usual by
mechanism.
any su
The
and why
is acts after the manner of the siphon recorder; it is supplied with ink
he relay tongue is in the neutral position the stylus draws a straight
line alon, the centre of the paper.
When a current passes through one of the circuits of the relay, the tongue
carries the stylus away from the centre of the paper and the equivalent of, say, a
dot is thereby made.
A current through the other circuit of the relay moves the tongue and stylus in
the opposite direction and the equivalent of a dash is made.
For this mode of working, we prefer to use a relay in which the stylus or a siphon
is carried by a moveable coil wound with two circuits and suspended between the
poles of a permanent or electro-magnet.
In Figure 5 the adaptation of the sending record apparatus to a pair of finger
keys for hand manipulation, is shown.
KK are spring keys or contact levers connected to line and to earth respectively
and both when at rest are in contact with the back bar M which is connected with
one pole of the sending battery. The front bar is divided into two parts N' N'
and both are connected with the other pole of the sending battery, not directly
however but through the relays R' and R. When either key is depressed it
makes contact with its portion of the front bar and a signal current passes.
the key K¹ puts say the copper of the battery to line through the relay R' and the
key K³ puts zinc to line through the relay R. These relays control a recording
instrument H in the manner already described and so a record is kept of the
outgoing signal currents.
Thus

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invén-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. So arranging a transmitting instrument, such as the Wheatstone automatic
transmitter wherein a punched paper tape or the like controls the contacts which
originate the signal currents, that during the short period over which each contact
extends a reversing key actuated by a cam changes the direction of the current
whilst the contact levers bear on their stops substantially as described.
2. The combination substantially as described with an automatic transmitter of
a pair of relays arranged in a divided circuit between the battery and the contact
levers in such manner that one relay receives and causes a record to be kept of
outgoing positive signals whilst the other relay receives and causes a record to be
kept of outgoing negative signals.
3. The combination substantially as described with a pair of transmitting keys
which are circuit terminals connected say to line and to earth respectively and
which normally are in contact with a bar or with stops connected with one pole of
the sending battery; of two other stops one for each key and with which the key
when operating comes into contact; such last mentioned stops being connected
with the other pole of the sending battery, each through its own relay and the
relays being coupled with a recording instrument so that one relay causes the said
instrument to record positive outgoing signals and the other relay to record
negative outgoing signals.
4. The modification substantially as described of the arrangements to which
Claims 2 and 3 relate, by substituting a compound relay for the two relays therein
mentioned; such compound relay being coupled with a recording instrument or
being itself adapted to serve as a recording instrument, as herein set forth.
5. Apparatus substantially as described and illustrated by the aunexed
drawings.
H. A. TAYLOR.
J. A. L. DEARLOVE.