matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CAMERAS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES, WHEREBY THEY ARE RENDERED FLEXIBLE AND the Use of GLASS IS DISPENSED WITH
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Captain John Bailey Holroyde at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th June 1881.
Captain JOHN BAILEY HOLROYDE, of the Hollins, Warley, near Halifax, in the
County of York. "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN CAMERAS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVES, WHEREBY THEY ARE
RENDERED FLEXIBLE AND the Use of GLASS IS DISPENSED WITH."
This Invention consists of an improved mode for dispensing with the use of glass
plates in taking photographic negatives by the application of a film of gelatine or
like matter, rendered sensitive to light, supported on paper more or less transparent.
This film so supported is exposed to light in the camera in a similar way to the
mode in which glass plates covered with a sensitive surface are at present used,
and the desired image is taken thercon, the developement of the image thus obtained
is performed in the same way as at present. The negative image obtained on the
film of gelatine so supported on paper when fixed as aforesaid is placed in super
position on ordinary sensitive silver paper in the printing frame; the gelatine film
being in direct contact with the sensitive surface of the silver paper, the light is
allowed to penetrate through the substance of the paper supporting the negative
gelatine film to the sensitive silver paper, this in consequence of the negative image
being entirely in the gelatine film and not in the substance of the supporting
paper gives a beautifully soft positive picture on the sensitive silver paper. By
this means negatives can be obtained equal to those at present obtained on glass,
the weight and the cost of which with its brittleness and liability to injury is thus
entirely avoided; the preservation, portability, and facility for storing negatives,
together with the greater economy, is largely increased.
RING HOLDERS FOR RING SPINNING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heinrich Ziffer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1881.
HEINRICH ZIFFER, of 24, Norfolk Street, Strand, London.
IN RING HOLDERS FOR RING SPINNING."
"AN IMPROVEMENT
This Invention relates to improvements in ringholders for ring spinning, and the
means of fastening the holder into the ring rail; also the fastening of the spinning
ring into the holder.
The holder consists of a cast iron ring with one slot cut right through the
ringholder.
By these means I get an expansive holder.
When the holder is put in its place in the so called ring rail loosely, and the
spinning ring which carries the traveller is pressed into the said ringholder, which
has a recess turned in accordance with the spinning ring, the said spinning ring
being a shade larger on the part where it fits into the ringholder, the said ring-
holder expands, is thereby securely fastened in the so called ring rail, and also
holds the spinning ring firmly in its position. It will be evident that this ring
holder is applicable to all machines wherever a loose spinning ring to carry the
traveller is used for spinning purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Millard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1881.
JOHN CHARLES MILLARD, of 14 Kentish Town Road, N.W. in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR VALVES."
My Invention relates more particularly to ball cocks or valves for supplying
water to cisterns and consists in a means of preventing waste, and also the clogging
of the cock or valve by the passage of any solid material.
The cock or valve is composed principally of two parts. 1st, the body of
cock or valve in which is contained the valve scat. 2nd, the cover of the cock
or valve, through which works the stem of the valve. These two parts are
connected together by screws screwing into their flanges.
The supply pipe is at the side of the body of the cock or valve, and this pipe is
continued upwards inside the body so as to form a cylindrical chamber with an
annular space around it, which is continued down to the bottom of the body, thus
forming the exit for the water. The cylindrical chamber rises to within a suitable
distance of the flange of the body, and its edge forms the valve seating.
The cover is provided on its top surface with a vertical cylindrical piece through
which works the stem of the valve, which valve consists of a piece of leather, india
rubber or other suitable material. The top of this cylindrical piece is provided
with two lugs in which is pivotted the lever of the ball or float. When the level
of the water in the cistern is low and the pressure is on, the valve is free to rise
from off its seating, and the water flows through the supply pipe, up through the
cylindrical chamber, and over the valve seating, and thence down the annular space
into the cistern through the exit at the bottom of the body. It will be understood
that any solid matter will be carried over the valve seating with the water and
thus prevent the valve clogging. As the level of the water in the cistern rises, the
ball or float rising with it causes the end of its lever to press upon the head of the
valve stem and thus force the valve upon its seating and cut off the supply to the
cistern.
As applied to stop or bib cocks the valve will be acted upon by means of a screw
working through the cover, in which case the supply pipe will be on one side of the
body and the exit on the opposite side.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF YEAST FOR BAKING PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Archibald Brock at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1881.
EDWARD ARCHIBALD BROCK of Warton Road Stratford in the County of Essex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF YEAST FOR BAKING PURPOSES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in the production of yeast for
baking purposes.
"
For this purpose a thick mash is first prepared of grain, preferably of malt rye
and maize, the grain is mashed or mixed in a closed mash tun for a period of two.
hours or such time as insures a complete conversion of tho starch of the rye and
maize. The whole of the mash is then conveyed to a shallow vessel' and agitated
by an upright shaft on which a long arm is fixed containing rakes similar to a
garden rake and exposed to a current of cold air produced by fans or otherwise, the
rake moving at a moderate speed to keep the mash exposed to the action of the
cold air. When the mash is cooled to the requisite temperature for fermenting it
is conveyed to the fermenting tuns and mixed with the spent wash of a former
brewing and distillation properly prepared for that purpose. The spent wash
when drawn off from the still is allowed to settle and without being allowed to
cool below about 130° Fahrenheit is added to the mash together with sufficient cold
water to bring the mash to the requisite specific gravity for the fermenting process,
yeast is then added to induce fermentation. As the mash ferments and the yeast
rises to tho surface it is removed to a separator where it is passed through sieves
to remove from it, the particles of grain and unconverted starch that rises to the
surface in the course of fermentation.
When freed from these impurities it is pressed in an ordinary yeast press and
when removed from the yeast press is immediately fit for baking purposes.
When the fermentation is completed the wash is removed to the still and the
spirit extracted. The spent wash is then allowed to settle as above explained and
the thin portion run off to be again used whilst the remaining portion is passed
through presses to recover the grains.
By the above described process for obtaining yeast for baking purposes a far
stronger yeast is obtained than the German yeast and brewers yeast now commonly
used for the purpose.
IMPROVED PASTE FOR DRESSING WOUNDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Dr. Paul Koch, of Neuffen, Wurtemberg, South Germany,
Apothecary.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office, under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, and 20, Forhaabningsholms Allee, Copenhagen. "IMPROVED
PASTE FOR DRESSING WOUNDS." A communication from abroad by Dr. Paul
Koch, of Neuffen, Wurtemberg, South Germany, Apothecary.
The paste known in the trade under the name of pasteboard, "packdeckel," is,
made supple and soft by beating with wooden hammers, and the stiffer kinds by
subsequent treatment with alkali. When the latter process is necessary the paste
must be roughly dried again, and generally all kinds of paste intended to be
employed for this purpose must be well dried, as they nearly all contain a large
quantity of water without its being perceptible to the touch. The paste made
supple in the above manner is steeped in an alcoholic solution of about 100 parts
of shellac, 200 parts of hard-rosin, and 100 parts of turpentine, common rosin or
other rosin, such as, for example, gum eleni. The various rosins are employed
according to the stiffness of the paste required to be produced. The steeping must
take place under a certain pressure in order to produce a regular effect on the
various thicknesses resulting from the leaf like condition of the material. When
the steeping is completed the paste is placed in a drying apparatus furnished with
arrangements for distilling by which as much as possible of the alcohol employed
is driven off. The dried paste is then removed, softened with steam, and drawn
through glazing rollers between warmed zinc plates.
Ordinary paste is now ready for use, but finer and more durable kinds are
further treated as follows:—
1. With a coating of gutta percha (solution of chloroform.
2. With a coating of alcoholic copal varnish.
3. With a coating of ordinary varnish.
A. NEW OR IMPROVED CASK STOPPER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th January 1881. A communication
from abroad by Emil Otto Carl Atarkgraf, of Paris, in the Republic of
France.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTH, K.G.V., Civil Engineer and Proprietor of the
Scandinavian Patent Office under the Firm of L. A. Groth & Co., of 97, Finsbury
Pavement, London, and 20, Forhaabningsholms Allee, Copenhagen. "A. NEW
OR IMPROVED CASK STOPPER." A communication from abroad by Emil Otto Carl
Atarkgraf, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention consists of the following arrangement of cask stopper.
A conical ring with a six cornered flange is placed in the bung hole, and secured
therein by screws.
This ring is furnished on its inner side with a rim, which is notched in two or
more places. The plug or stopper is fastened to the ring, and is furnished with an
eye for the reception of a small chain.
The face of the rim, which is turned towards the inside of the cask, is shaped into
inclined planes rising slightly upwards.
The flange of the said plug or stopper is contained in the conical ring, and
between the flange and the rim is placed an india rubber ring.
The cylindrical part of the plug or stopper is furnished with two projections,
which have on their sides next the flange inclined planes corresponding to those
on the rim.
The plug or stopper is placed in the ring in such a manner that the projections
pass through the before mentioned notches and enter under the rim.
The plug or stopper is then turned to the right by means of a key adapted to fit
over a cross piece of the said plug or stopper. The projection sliding on the
inclined planes on the rim squeeze the flange of the plug or stopper and the india
rubber ring against the rim, whereby a perfect closing of the plug or bung is effected.
The conical ring and the plug or stopper are connected together by means of a
small chain.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING AND MEASURING WATER FOR GAS SCRUBBERS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dempster at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th June 1881.
JOHN DEMPSTER, of Elland, in the County of York, Gas Engineer. "IMPROVE
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING AND MEASURING WATER FOR GAS
SCRUBBERS AND SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to apparatus for distributing and measuring water for gas
scrubbers, and is also applicable to other purposes.
The improvements consists in the use of a self acting tippler or vessel capable of
holding a certain quantity of water, which vessel when full discharges its contents
into a receiver communicating with the distributing pipes and then returns to a
horizontal position. On the axis of the vessel are two levers, each carrying a catch
or pawl, which on the return movement of the vessel, actuate a catch wheel which
communicates rotary motion to the distributing pipes, and also an indicating
apparatus for recording the quantity of water which passes into the distributor.
The holes in the distributing pipes are formed on one side only, so that the water
issues from each pipe in the same direction and encountering the pressure of the
atmosphere assists materially in keeping the distributors in motion. To facilitate
the movement of the distributor the central axis works upon a hardened steel
centre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WITH COAL TAR COLOURS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Russell Beard and Charles
Faesch at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October
1881.
JOHN RUSSELL BEARD, of Macclesfield, and CHARLES FAESCH, of Godley Hyde,
both in the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING WITH COAL TAR
COLOURS."
Our Invention relates to the dyeing of fibres or fabrics with coal tar colours,
particularly those of diazo kind, in such a manner as to make the material readily
take the dye and to fix the dye so as to produce fast colours.
For this purpose we first prepare the fibre or fabric in the following manner:―
We impregnate it with fatty or oleagenous matter or with albuminous, gelatinous,
or such like substances, and we fix the impregnating matter by steaming or drying.
We then immerse the impregnated fibre or fabric in a solution of acid, preferably
organic acid or of acid salts, or when oil or fat has been used for impregnating it
we immerse it in a solution of alkali or alkaline salts, and in some cases wash it,
whereupon it is ready for being dyed.
We prepare the dye bath by steeping the colour for several hours in acid,
preferably organic, till it attains a pasty consistence. We then dissolve in water,
spirit, glycerine, or other suitable solvent, so as to forin a bath, adding in some
cases a little acid. In the bath thus prepared we dye the fibre or fabric in the
usual way, and thereafter dry it or expose it to steam or air currents to dissipate
volatile matters and fix the dye. The dye may be farther fixed by subjecting
the dyed material to the same treatinent as that employed for preparing it for
dyeing.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF ADVERTIZING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1881.
A communication from abroad by Henri Jousseaume, of Paris, France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF ADVERTIZING." A communication from abroad by Henri Jousseaume,
of Paris, France.
This Invention consists in printing the advertisements on sheets or bands of
paper, woven fabrics, cork, or other material, which forms an internal lining to hats,
bonnets, or other head gear. Instead of using a separate lining which is to be
attached to the interior of hats or other head gear, the advertisements may be
printed directly on the inside of the latter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUFFS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Felsenstein at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February 1881.
JACOB FELSENSTEIN, of 39, Worship Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Furrier. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUFFS."
The object of my said improvements is to manufacture cuffs formed and arranged
in a manner more convenient to the wearer than those at present in use, such
improved cuffs being self-adjusting, in order to fit any size of wrist without
requiring fastenings.
I'form springs, by preference of steel (but any other suitable material may be
used), in such a manner as to impart a suitable form to the cuff, and also to cause the
cuff to clasp the wrist with just sufficient pressure to afford warmth and comfort to
the wearer. The two ends of the spring overlap each other. Upon this spring, as
a framework, the cuff is formed, being padded, lined, and covered with fur of any
kind, natural or dyed, or otherwise manufactured according to the requirements of
the wearer, and of any other suitable materials for warmth, comfort, and appearance.
The two ends of the cuff are kept in contact by means of the spring or springs,
one end of which overlaps the other, and the cuff adjusts itself to the size of the
wrist.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of CORDS AND OTHER LIKE PILE FABRICS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dean and Arthur Orrah at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1881.
WILLIAM DEAN and ARTHUR ORRAH, both of Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Woollen Cord Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
CORDS AND OTHER LIKE PILE FABRICS."
This Invention relates to the class of cords or pile fabrics having cotton backing
and woollen or other looped or pile facing, and the object is to provide such class
of fabrics with a "plain" even surface of backing, so as to facilitate the cutting
of the loops, avoiding the accidental severance of ground threads, and ensuring a
ground and backing in cotton of about or nearly the same shade of color as the
pile, which is of woollen or other fibrous substance other than cotton.
According to this our Invention the "piece" is woven plain cotton back, as above
referred to, the cotton employed being undyed; the piece is after the operation of
Scouring passed over a roller or rollers or rotary brushes partly immersed and
revolving in color or dye liquor of the shade similar to the pile or face of the piece,
so ensuring uniformity of color, of backing, and of pile, besides effecting a
considerable saving as compared with the winding, preparing, and dyeing the
cotton for the backing previously to the weaving, in which case the dye in the
cotton was in great part discharged by or during the scouring, and the piece
unsaleable or of depreciated value.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING THE NET EMPLOYED IN THE GAME OF LAWN TENNIS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Holt Edmondson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1881.
ROBERT HOLT EDMONDSON, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING THE NET EMPLOYED IN
THE GAME OF LAWN TENNIS."
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved standard for supporting
the net employed in the game of lawn tennis, and capable of doing so without the
standards being spiked or otherwise secured to the lawn.
Now this Invention consists of a vertical wooden or other pole, standing by
preference upon four feet, one of such feet being longer than tho others, and weighted
at its extremity to prevent its being pulled over or raised from the ground by the
strain of the net.
The
The lower corner of the uet is secured by a hook to the bottom of this improved
standard, and a cord passed through the upper edge of net is secured by a hook to
one extremity of a cord or chain passing over a pulley mounted at or near the
upper extremity of the standard, and having at its other extremity a weight.
action of this weight is to keep the net always taut and properly distended, and
thus I construct an apparatus which is automatic in action and can never vary,
requiring no stays nor holes made in the lawn, and yet it is impossible to move it,
and the net itself can be taken down without removing the standards, and the whole
apparatus can be fixed up or taken down in considerably less time than has hitherto
been practicable.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CAR AXLE LUBRICATORS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th July 1881. A communication
from abroad by Charles Gibbons Till and Henry Rice Randall, both of
Brooklyn, in the State of New York, in the United States of America.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CAR AXLE LUBRICATORS." A communication from abroad by Charles
Gibbons Till and Henry Rice Randall, both of Brooklyn, in the State of New York,
in the United States of America.
This Invention relates to a car axle lubricator composed of a spiral spring adapted
to rest on the bottom of the axle-box, a flexible jacket enclosing said spring on its
sides and bottom, a wiper roller, a flexible sheet metal-frame fastened to the spring
and provided with ears to form the bearing for the axle of the wiper-roller,
absorbent pads secured to the flexible sheet metal-frame on opposite sides of the
wiper-roller, and wicks depending from said pads, so that by the sheet metal-frame
a firm connection is obtained between the spring, the wiper-roller, and the
absorbent pads, and at the same time, by bending the sheet metal-frame, the
position of the absorbent pads can be readily adjusted to conform to the diameter
of the axle to be lubricated. The flexible jacket is preferably made of porous
material, and on its bottom is secured a convex absorbent pad to raise the oil from
the bottom of the axle-box and bring it in reach of the wipers. The lubricating
material which is preferably used, consists of a mixture of water, oil, and powdered
plumbago.
IMPROVED BUCKLE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Eden at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1881.
CHARLES HENRY EDEN of Manchester in the County of Lancaster.
IMPROVED BUCKLE."
"AN
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved buckle for braces,
garters, and the like, the object of the improvements being to provide a buckle
which shall be simple, strong and cheap and which can be made from one piece.
In carrying out my Invention I form the buckle by stamping or otherwise from
sheet metal by preference; the buckle is formed with two slots or holes for the
passage of the web forming the brace or other article; each of these holes is of a
semi-elliptical form and they are separated by a bar, the lower edge of which bar
may be roughened or formed with a number of points or spikes. The bottom of
the buckle is also formed with a slot or hole for the brace ends or tabs as usual.
In a buckle of this construction the end of the web forming the brace is passed
through the upper slot over the bar and through the lower slot and will be firmly
held in any position in which it may be placed from the peculiar shape of the said
slots and the tension put on the bar, additional security being obtained from the
roughened edge of the said bar or from the spikes thereon which should be slightly
bent to better take into the web. The shape of the slots with the spikes forming a
combination of strength and security.
The buckle can also be made with an eyelet formed in its lower part so as to
avoid the necessity of using separate eyelets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING VELVET, VELVETEEN, AND PLUSH
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Hall and Benjamin.
Cooper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1881.
JOHN WILLIAM HALL and BENJAMIN COOPER, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING VELVET, VELVETEEN, AND
PLUSH."
Our Invention consists in dispensing with what are commonly called the half
binding picks in weaving velvet, velveteen, and plush, whereby we obtain a better
face and a softer cloth; and in order that our Invention may be understood, we
will give one example of our method of weaving a fast pile velveteen, in which we
use ten shafts and eleven picks to the round (instead of twelve picks to the round
as usual). For the sake of simplicity we take ten shafts with a straight over draft,
and rise them in the following manner :-First pick, No. 2 and 4; second pick,
6 and 8; third pick, 10 and 2; fourth pick, 4 and 6; fifth pick, 8 and 10 (here in
"half binder," which we
ordinary weaving would follow the pick called the
dispense with); sixth pick, 2 and 4; seventh pick, 6 and 8; eighth pick, 10 and 2;
ninth pick, 4 and 6; tenth pick, 8 and 10; the eleventh pick (which is the binder
pick), 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. This Invention is applicable to any number of shafts, any
number to the round or pattern, and any length of float.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH INFANTS' FEEDING BOTTLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hickisson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th May 1881.
JAMES HICKISSON, of Southgate Road, Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
Marking Ink Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH INFANTS'
FEEDING BOTTLES."
My Invention relates to improvements in and connected with infants' feeding
bottles, and has for its object to prevent the escape of the contents of such bottles
should the cork or stopper carrying the sucking appurtenances become detached
therefrom from any cause whatsoever.
For the purpose of my Invention and according to one arrangement I fit or
provide the mouth or neck of the bottle with a removeable funnel-shaped tube, or
inverted truncated cone-shaped tube, or other like shaped tube of glass, china,
metal, ivory, india-rubber, or other appropriate material, and I secure the same to
the bottle by screwing it thereto or by a bayonet-joint arrangement, or by any
other suitable arrangement.
Into this removeable funnel shaped or other suitably shaped tube I insert a wood
or cork plug, and pass the tube or pipe carrying the glass tube and the teat through
the same, said plug being retained in the funnel-shaped tube by any suitable
means; or instead of the wood or cork plug a cap may be employed.
Or the funnel shaped or coned shape tubular appliance, together with the plug
or cap and the sucking appurtenances, may be combined in such manner as to be
independent of and disposed of separately from the bottle, and so contrived as to
fit any bottle.
In another arrangement the mouth or neck of the bottle is formed with an
inverted cone-shaped or funnel shaped inward projection, into which the plug
carrying the sucking appurtenances is inserted. An orifice closed by a stopper or
cap is provided at any convenient part of the bottle for purposes of emptying and.
cleaning.
By the means herein described, should the cork or plug carrying the sucking
appurtenances become separated or detached from the bottle, the funnel shaped,
conical, or like tube will prevent the escape of the contents therefrom.

page_text: I also propose to construct the nose or nozzle end of the glass tube, extending
nearly to the bottom of the bottle, with a tapered or conical end, the bore of which
would be of smaller diameter than the remaining portion of same, the object being
to prevent the child choking itself by drawing too much food into its mouth
at one time..
Or the lower end of the glass tube may be formed with a series of perforations,
whether its end be tapered or not.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR DREDGING OUT CHANNELS, OR REMOVING SAND OR MUD BANKS IN TIDAL WATERS OR RIVERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Burroughs at the Office of'
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th. August 1881.
THOMAS BURROUGHS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR DREDGING OUT CHANNELS, OR
REMOVING SAND OR MUD BANKS IN TIDAL WATERS OR RIVERS."
This Invention consists. essentially in dragging one or more chains or their
equivalent between two windlasses anchored at opposite ends of the channel to be
cut. The chains pass over clip drums or windlasses having a clip on the chains
so that they shall have a firm hold. The anchored windlasses can have a transverse
motion, so that as one breadth is scoured out they can move on to the contiguous
untouched part. The chains if desirable can be linked together by distance pieces.
The mode of action is as follows:-The chains stir up the mud, silt, or sand, and
the current or tide carries it off; all the expense of lifting the mud is thus removed..
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROUSING BEER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fred Miller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1881.
FRED MILLER, of the Marine Brewery, Brightlingsea, in the County of Essex,
Brower. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROUSING BEER."
I construct my improved apparatus approximately in the shape of a bechive or
inverted basin, thickest and heaviest towards the edge and gradually thinner
towards the dome. I perforate the dome with a number of holes each of which
may conveniently be about one sixteenth of an inch in diameter, and to the top of
the dome I attach a ring or eye by which the rouser is to be attached and
manipulated.
I prefer that the rouser should be smooth both inside and out, so that it may be
easily cleaned, and I prefer to construct it of copper, well tinned both inside and
out, so that the wort or beer may come in contact with tin only.
The principal advantages of my Invention are that having no valve or movable
parts it does not get out of order, and that by its use the brewer is enabled to
rouse and oxidise every portion of the wort or beer from the surface downwards
and from the bottom upwards, the air and carbonic acid gas passing through the
perforations in the done, thoroughly oxidising the albumen and reinvigorating the
yeast, whereby the production of brighter and better keeping beer is facilitated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN The improvements
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Barlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1881.
JOHN BARLOW, of Winchester, in the County of Hants.
PIPE JOINTS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The improvements relate to joints for pipes, used either for water, gas, stoves, or
other purposes, and consist in making the pipes of a slightly tapering form, the
amount of tapering being decided by the thickness of metal used for the pipe, and
being little more than equal to such thickness. The pipes are made either round,
square, semi-circular, or other form, tapering from one end by a little more than the
amount of the thickness of metal to the other end. The smaller end of the pipe
is inserted into the larger end of another length or section, and driven home until
a tight joint is obtained. Collars, either ornamental or plain, may be added over
the joint when desired, such collars being on their inside surface made on the
same tapering lines as the pipes they are to cover. The pipes and collars may be
made of any suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES AND KIERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Brandes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1881. A communication
by Theodor Harbeck and Augustus Hasperg, both of Elmshorn, in the
Kingdom of Prussia.
HERMANN BRANDES, of Hamburg, Germany, Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WASHING MACHINES AND KIERS." A communication by Theodor Harbeck and
Augustus Hasperg, both of Elmshorn, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
This Invention relates to improvements in washing machines and kiers, in which
a stream of boiling water passes permanently through the washing to be cleaned,
and the objects of this improvements are, first, to provide inside the boiler a
reciprocating basket where the washing is put in, and, second, to apply a device for
the automatical working of the apparatus. I use a cylindrical vessel of perforated
sheet metal; wire gauze or the like is arranged inside of the boiler like a piston to
which a reciprocating motion is communicated by means of a suitable mechanism,
namely, a lever, an eccentric, or its equivalent, which may be worked either by
hand or by a motor.
By fixing the perforated vessel in a position where its bottom is a very short
distance from the boiler, an automatical circulation of the water heated on
the bottom of the boiler and cooled after raising on the surface can easily be
obtained.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE TO BE USED IN THE PREPARATION OF TEA."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Peter Brougham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1881.
JAMES PETER BROUGHAM, of Culduthel House, in the County of Inverness,
North Britain, Doctor of Medicine. ." AN IMPROVED MACHINE TO BE USED IN THE
PREPARATION OF TEA."
This Invention relates to an improved and extremely simple construction of
machine to be used in the manufacture of tea, for rolling, curling, or otherwise
preparing tea leaves in a more expeditious and efficient manner than by means of
ordinary machines heretofore employed for a like purpose.
The improved machine comprises a large table or boarding carried on a framing
with its flat surface sloped or fixed in an inclined position, and on which a movable
reciprocating table or board is fitted parallel or nearly parallel to the fixed table.
A large sheet of leather, rubber, or other flexible material, of about the full
breadth of the table, is attached to or near the upper edge of the movable table,
is carried down loosely between the tables nearly to the opposite, is there
doubled in U form and carried back to or near the upper edge of the fixed table,
where it is also attached by tacks or other suitable means. The ends of this
doubled flexible sheet are closed by boards fixed to the lower table to prevent the
falling out of the tea leaves which are placed within this doubled sheet, and are
therein rolled or curled by the reciprocation of the upper table and consequent
friction (of the upper table) on the leaf placed between that .and the lower fixed
surface, or rolling of the one part of the sheet over the other part.
One of the tables is lined with a cushioning of elastic material, which may be
metallic, or of vegetable or animal substance, or of a combination of any of these.
The reciprocatory motion of the upper table is imparted to it by means of a
connecting rod attached to it and to a crank on a revolving shaft; or the con-
necting rod attached to the table may be fitted to and actuated by a crank on one
of the revolving shafts actuating the rolling cylinder described in the Specification
of the Invention for which Provisional Protection was obtained by the present
applicant on the Ninth day of August 1881 (No. 3445).
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING RAGS OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wilson Knowles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1881.
WILSON KNOWLES, of Heckmondwike, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING RAGS OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
In rag grinding and carding machines the axles of the feed rollers have been
placed in a vertical slot formed in a bracket attached to the frame of the machine.
As these feed rollers work close up to the swift or cylinder, the upper feed roller
would leave the swift or be removed further out of contact when thick pieces of
rag or other material passed between the feed rollers, consequently inefficient grinding
or breaking of material was the result. To obviate this difficulty, the slot in the
bracket is curved or formed at the same radius as the swift, so that if the rollers are
raised or lowered they do not leave the swift.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1881.
JOHN HARRINGTON, of Norman's Buildings, St. Luke's, in the County of
Middlesex, "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in bicycles and tricycles, and
relates, firstly, to improvements in journals and bearings for the same. For this
purpose I form a groove or recess around the journal, and a corresponding groove
or recess in the bearing to receive a number of balls made accurately to fit between
the two, as is well understood in the construction of ball bearings. On each side
of such groove or recess around the journal I form a series of rings and recesses to
fit corresponding recesses, and rings formed in the bearing, which latter is divided
in order to enable the parts to be readily placed in position, and to facilitate
adjustment for wear.
By these means I obtain great firmness in the parts together with ease in
running.
The Invention relates, secondly, to improvements in the mode of fitting and
adjusting the neck of the spine in the head of a bicycle or tricycle, whereby great
rigidity and facility of adjustment are obtained.
These
For this purpose I form each end of the neck with a series of rings and grooves
around the same, and I form bushes or adjustable bearings to fit the same.
bushes or adjustable bearings are divided longitudinally, and are coned on their
outer surface to fit corresponding coned sockets formed in the head, a screw acting
upon the upper bush or adjustable bearing forces the two down into their sockets
and permits adjustment of the parts.
Studs passed through the head enter spaces between the half bushes and thereby
prevent rotation of the latter.
The Invention relates, thirdly, to improvements in apparatus for facilitating the
steering of tricycles.
For this purpose I employ the ordinary steering handle and connections to the
steering wheel, but according to my present Invention I cause the steering shaft
by suitable connections or by cams to operate one or other of a pair of levers to
disconnect the clutch apparatus of one or other of the driving wheels according to
Price 2d1

page_text: the direction in which it is desired to steer the tricycle, and I so construct and
arrange the parts that the disconnection of the clutch apparatus is effected before
any steering action is imparted to the steering wheel.
This may be effected by mounting the rack operating the steering apparatus
with capability of sliding a short distance before moving the steering wheel.
The Invention relates, fourthly, to improvements in the clutch apparatus
employed for connecting and disconnecting the driving wheel or wheels with the
driving shaft. For this purpose I form one part of the clutch apparatus with a
number of teeth or recesses, into which, by preference, two or more studs or
projections from the other part enter on opposite sides of the driving axis, and
according to my present Invention I provide such studs or projections with rollers
to facilitate the disconnection of the two parts when desired.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS BY PUBLIC VEHICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO SOME OTHER Uses
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rogers at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1881.
JOHN ROGERS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE NUMBERS OF
PASSENGERS BY PUBLIC VEHICLES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO SOME OTHER Uses."
My Invention has for its principal object to obtain a record of the number of
passengers which may travel in a tramcar or omnibus, or other public vehicle during
any trip or journey or interval of time, but is also applicable for use as a means for
recording the arrival and departure of workmen, and for other similar uses.
I employ an apparatus which furnishes a photographic record which can be used
to ascertain the numbers of passengers or people, and serve as a check upon
employés. In one arrangement for application, say to a tram car, a sensitized
sheet or riband of paper is caused to travel by means of "clock-work," and a lens
is so situated as that every passenger when entering, or when entering and leaving
the car, must come within the field of the lens, which is arranged to produce upon
the paper an image or mark which can be subsequently identified as representing
a passenger. The said paper is caused to pass across a small opening through
which the rays from the lens pass to act upon the paper which is kept in darkness,
with the exception of the part which may at any time be exposed at the said
opening. The riband of paper is or may be coiled upon one bobbin and be drawn
off and recoiled upon another bobbin, or a sheet of paper may be mounted upon a
drum which would be caused to revolve and at the same time to move in the
direction of its axis so as to produce a spiral picture upon the paper. The paper
may or may not be subsequently treated to develope and fix the image. Other
suitable material may be used instead of paper. The images, pictures, or records,
may be obtained upon glass or other surfaces, which are again available for use
after being cleaned and recoated or treated. Instead of the paper or other
material having a constant movement it may move intermittently. A shutter
may be acted upon by the clockwork to open and close the aforesaid opening,
or a shutter may be caused to open each time that a passenger enters the vehicle,
as for example, each time that a passenger treads upon a step or platform, the
paper or material being moved after each closure of the shutter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING OBJECTS OR MATERIALS WHILE SUSPENDED FROM CRANES, HOISTS, AND THE LIKE, PARTLY APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Dallett Pass at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1881.
MICHAEL DALLETT PASS, of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPERTAINING TO APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING OBJECTS
OR MATERIALS WHILE SUSPENDED FROM CRANES, HOISTS, AND THE LIKE, PARTLY
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
$
This Invention relates to the class of weighing apparatus (such as that known as
Duckham's Patent") for attachment to the chain or rope of a crane or other
hoisting machine, so that while goods or objects are being hoisted, their weight
may be indicated. In such apparatus as at present constructed, a moveable index
finger travels over a stationary graduated dial covered by a glass plate.
From careless handling by workmen the glass is very frequently broken, and
the index finger and dial are then liable to be, and almost invariably are, injured
or destroyed, or if the dial is not broken, the scale is frequently erased, and has to
be re-marked or painted again.
Now, I remedy these evils by placing on the indicator spindle, instead of a needle,
a graduated dial, advantageously constructed of enamelled iron. To protect this I
place a thick metal plate with a small segmental or other slot or opening at the top,
and furnished with a stationary pointer, so that the movement of the dial against
this pointer shall give an indication through the slot. Thus the apparatus is not
liable to injury from careless handling, the working parts being protected by the
thick metal plate, and only the portion of the dial showing the reading being
exposed.
Another advantage is that the reading can always be seen in the same place.
The principle can also be applied to other like purposes where indicators are liable
to damage, as in locomotive torpedo-launch or fire engine pressure guages,
pyrometers, and the like. The small slot or opening can be glazed or protected if
desired, and for night work the dial might be painted with luminous paint, to
enable the reading to be seen easily.
A NEW OR A com- IMPROVED MATERIAL APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1881. A communi-
cation from abroad by Doctor Albrecht Nietzsche, of Plauen, in-the Kingdom
of Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "A NEW OR
A com-
IMPROVED MATERIAL APPLICABLE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS."
munication from abroad by Doctor Albrecht Nietzsche, of Plauen, in the Kingdom
of Saxony.
The new material, chiefly intended for the manufacture of hats, has the peculiarity
that it can be pressed into hat shape when brought wet upon a hot mould. It
consists of feather shag, plush, flannel, or similar fabrics, upon which is applied one
or more sheets of ordinary muslin, and is made in the following manner:-
Feather shag, plush, flannel, or a similar fabric is laid out horizontally on a
frame or stretcher, and the muslin applied upon this fabric by means of a strong
dressing or binding substance, after which the thus obtained sheet is stretched out
uniformly.
A finishing or dressing substance of suitable density and consisting of dextrin,
starch, and powdered potatoes, is then placed on this sheet, equally distributed and
rubbed in, after which the whole is rapidly dried.
The proportion of the ingredients constituting the finishing or dressing substance
varies according to the density or structure of the fabrics to which it is applied.
MOUNTINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES WITH ICE-SPUR."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ludwig Bensel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th July 1881.
LUDWIG BENSEL, of Iserlohn, in the German Empire.
MOUNTINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES WITH ICE-SPUR."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
According to my present Invention mountings for the heels of boots and shoes
provided with ice spurs are constructed as follows:-The metal mounting, of the
shape of the heel, is secured thereto either by screws or by clamps, and carries a
plate capable of turning on pivots near the forward part of the heel, which plate
has one or more ice spurs so arranged that when the plate is turned into one
position it bears with its edge upon the plate of the mounting while the ice spur
or spurs project downwards beneath the heel, so as to give the wearer a firm hold
on the ice or snow. When the plate is turned through an angle of 180°, the spur
or spurs thereof project upwards just in front of the inner edge of the heel so as to
be quite out of the way, enabling the wearer to walk upon ordinary floors or
pavements. When turned in the first named position the spur-plate fits closely
against the plate of the mounting which covers the back part of the heel, thus
preventing any ice, snow, or dirt from getting between the parts and clogging
them.
The spur-plate is held securely in either position, either by means of a flat
spring carried by the mounting, operating in a similar manner to a knife-blade
spring, or the mounting may be provided with a slide which is drawn out when it
is desired to turn the plate, and is then pushed in so as to bear against a tail on
the spur-plate and thus prevent it from turning.
The turning of the spur-plate may be effected by the hand or foot, and for
convenience of turning the one pivot may have a projecting button by which to
turn it, or it may have a square head so as to be turned by a separate key.