Improvements in the Manufacture of Salt and in Apparatus and Appliances employed therein.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Nov., 1890-Accepted, 17th Jan., 1891
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Improvements in the Manufacture of Salt and in Apparatus and
Appliances employed therein.
I, OTTO ERNEST Pour, Manufacturer of Custom House Arcade Liverpool County
of Lancashire do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Three Patents have been granted to me under similar titles viz. No. 3116 in 1872
No. 1503 in 1873 & No. 1007 in 1889 and these improvements relate to them. There
are three kinds of them.
1). The combination of the apparatus described in said Patents slightly modified
and of the altered apparatus as set forth under 2 further on,
a) with a hot house for drying salt, in lieu of the 10078 described chimney thus
utilizing as a source of heat the steam resulting from the evaporation of the
brine, in part or all, thereby continuously saving fuel at a trifling first cost, or
b) with another salt pan in lieu of the described chimney for obtaining further
evaporating results from the escaping steam.
:
2). The combination of the apparatus as described in the said three Patents, 150373
31167 10078 with a petroleum furnace or gas oven instead of the grate furnace
described, the object being to utilize all the heat of the products of combustion from
the said petroleum or gas furnaces, no matter how intense, direct for evaporation;
without previous cooling and to use larger furnaces of this kind than is possible for
the ordinary single pan, thus doing away with extra losses through radiation etc.
3). Improved appliances in the manipulation of the revolver grate of 10078.
In carrying out No. 1.a, I do away with the ordinary chimney as described and alter
the flue in such a manner that I-at that place where the steam with the products of
combustion issues from the channel formed by the surface of the brine in the bottom
pan & the top pan's bottom-continue this channel by a construction of timber or
other material upwards rectangularly or slightly inclined for a certain height. This
continued channel should be made wider than the original one and if desirable the
steam issuing from the brine in the top pan may be led into it through side openings,
the top pan of course being covered up in that case as closely to the brine as
convenient by removeable boards resting on framework. Behind this channel or flue
the foundations are laid for the hot-house, the floor of which is laid level with the top
opening of the said channel or flue. On this floor erections are made of brick or
other material be it walls or pillars of equal height in each case. If walls are used
always two & two of the walls,standing at a convenient distance for the drying work,
are covered with iron plates, which may be made of cast or wrought iron & if desirable
with rectangular edges pieces cross ways for screwing together by bolts: galvanizing
the iron work will be very advantageous. Between these steam channels room is left
for the workmen. These steam channels of which there are several to one apparatus
lead into a common flue ending in a chimney the draft power of which may be
increased by a fan. Or, the steam channels may be constructed with iron plates top
& bottom rectangular or vertical edges being arranged on two opposite sides, knee &
foot edges on the two others so, as, when bolted together to leave a steam channel
between the plates which rest on pillars with the edges. This arrangement has the
advantage of condensing the steam quicker: by two surfaces at the same time top &
bottom which are both to be used for drying the salt, shelves underneath serving
as supports of the salt. The water of condensation collected in grooves running
lengthwise in the steam channels is drawn off by pipes & cocks or other means.
In carrying out No. 1., 1 act in a similar manner as described just now, but what
before formed the floor of the hot house makes now the foundation of an ordinary salt
pan, the steam from the original apparatus being made to pass under same. This salt

page_text: pan may be also constructed with a double bottom and another pan placed underneath,
so that said double bottom reaches into the brine of the bottom pan, which being made
considerably broader,than the top pan,salt will form in the projecting portions of the
bottom pan & in the top pan as well. Galvanised iron is to be preferred. The bottom
of top pan's lower side may be made V shaped.
The carrying out of No.2 speaks for itself, the chief feature being that the petroleum
furnace or gas oven (properly proportioned to ensure complete combustion by
sufficient height with a covering of ashes or other non conducting material on top)-
is made larger than for a single pan of similar size as my double pan apparatus, and
that the products of combustion be permitted to enter the opening between the pans
direct from the ovens for which purpose a similar arrangement of the arches as in
my furnace oven will be found useful in the construction of the gas or petroleum
furnace.
No. 3 relates to a simpler means of holding in position the revolver grate (No. 100789)
than shown in the drawings, at the back of the furnace. A flat piece of iron
say 4" x 1" or " or thereabouts is bent over at one end rectangularly in the
4" width & in preference rounded off on top,a hole is bored at a distance from this end
being about rd of the length of the bar. Through this hole with a loose bolt I fasten
this piece to the wall at the back of the ash hole close under the middle of the lower
grate part when in level position so that the bottom part of same is supported
by the bent over end of the flat iron piece. By a wire fastened to the bottom end
this iron may be pivotted on the bolt in the wall from the vertical to a horizontal
position then permitting the grate to revolve, the wire let go it resumes its natural
position & supports the revolved grate. Before revolving the grate the glowing coals
must be removed to each neighbouring grate. For this purpose I introduce a rake
with a vertical blade through the middle of the coal feed hole & cutting into the
middle of the fire work it right & left from a moveable pivotting arrangement fitting
the dead plate which may be introduced each time when required.
Dated. Liverpool. Fourth March 1890.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
. Improvements in the Manufacture of Salt and in Apparatus and
Appliances employed therein.
I, OTTO ERNEST POHL, Manufacturer of 7 Custom House Arcade of Liverpool in
the County of Lancashire England, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Three Patents have been granted to me under similar titles viz. No. 1503 in 1873
No. 3116 in 1872 and No. 1007 in 1889, and these improvements relate to them.
There are three kinds of them.
1). The combination of the apparatus as described in said Patents & the kind
described in No. 2 of this application
a) with a hot house for drying salt, in lieu of a chimney thus utilising as a
source of heat the steam resulting from the evaporation of the brine in part
or all, thereby continuously saving fuel at a trifling first cost.
b) with another salt pan in lieu of the described chimney for obtaining further
evaporating results from the escaping steam.
2). The combination of the apparatus as described in the said three Patents, 150373
31167 100789 with a petroleum furnace or gas oven instead of the grate furnace
described; the object being to utilise all the heat of the products of combustion
from said petroleum or gas furnaces no matter how intense direct for evaporation
without previous cooling, & to use larger furnaces of this kind than is possible for
the ordinary single pan; thus doing away with losses of extra radiation etc. of the
small furnace.

page_text: In
3). Two improved appliances in the manipulation of the revolver grate.
carrying out No. 1 a, I do away with the ordinary chimney as described & alter the
flue in such a manner that I, at the place where the steam with the products of
combustion issues from the channel formed by the surface of the brine in the bottom
pan & the top pan's bottom,-continue this channel, by a construction of timber or
other material upwards, rectangularly or slightly inclined for a certain height. This
continued channel should be made wider than the original one & if found desirable
the steam issuing from brine in the top pan may be led into it through side openings,
the top pan of course being covered up in that case as closely to the brine as possible
by removable boards resting on framework. Behind this channel or flue the founda-
tions are laid for the hothouse the floor of which is laid level with the top opening
of the said channel or flue. On this floor erections are made of brick or other
material (walls or pillars) of equal height in each case. If walls are used always
two & two of the walls standing at a distance, convenient for the drying work, are
covered with iron.plates, which may be made of cast or wrought iron if desirable with
right angular edge pieces crossways for screwing by bolts together& galvanising same
will be advantageous.
Between these steam channels room is left for the workmen. These steam channels
of which there are several to one apparatus lead, into a common flue ending in a
chimney the draught power of which may be increased by a fan if necessary; or the
steam channels may be constructed with iron plates top & bottom, rectangular or
vertical edges being arranged on two opposite sides, knee edges on the two others,
so as when screwed together with bolts to leave a steam channel between the plates
which rest on pillars with the edges. This arrangement has the advantage of con-
densing the steam quicker by two surfaces at the same time top and bottom which
are both to be used for drying salt; shelves underneath serving as supports of the
salt. The water of condensation collected in grooves running lengthwise in the steam
channels is drawn off by pipes & cocks or other means.
In carrying out No. 1, 6 I act in a similar manner as described just now but what
before formed the floor of the hothouse in this case makes now the foundation of an
ordinary salt pan, the steam from the original apparatus being made to circulate under
same by a chimney or fan. This salt pan may be also constructed with a double bottom
and another pan placed underneath so that said double bottom reaches into the brine
of the bottom pan which being made considerably broader than the top pan salt will
form in the projecting portion of the bottom pan & in the top pan as well. Galvanised
iron is to be preferred. The bottom of top pan's lower side may be made V shaped.
The carrying out of No. 2 speaks for itself, the chief feature being that the petroleum
furnace or gas oven, properly proportioned to ensure complete combustion by sufficient
height & covering with ashes or other nonconductor on top is made larger than for a
single pan, of similar size as my double pan apparatus & that the products of com-
bustion be permitted to enter the opening between the pans direct from the ovens
for which purpose a similar arrangement of the arches as in my furnace oven will be
found useful.
No. relates to a simpler means of holding in position the revolver grate than
shown in the drawings at the back of the furnace in 10078. A flat piece of iron
say 4"x" or 3" or thereabouts thick is bent over at one end rectangularly in the
(4") width & in preference rounded on top; a hole is bored at a distance from this end
being about one third of the length of the bar. Through this hole with a loose bolt
I fasten this piece to the wall at the back of the ash hole close under the middle of
the lower grate, when in level position, so that the bottom part of same is supported
by the bent over end of the flat iron piece. By a wire fastened in the bottom end
this iron may be pivotted on the bolt in the wall from the vertical to a horizontal
position then permitting the grate to revolve & the wire let go it resumes its
natural position & supports the revolved grate.
Before revolving the grate the glowing coals must be removed to each neighbour
grate; for this purpose I introduce a raker with a vertical blade & through the
middle of the coal hole & cutting into the fire work it right & left from a

page_text: shows arrangement of the double bottom steam pan, 32, V shaped double bottom
floating in brine of bottom pan 35 or may be supported or hung. Channel for
passing steam 33 going downwards 34 top pan for steam evaporation.
PATENT CLAIMS.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion in what manner the same is to be performed what I claim is
with the pro-
1). The combination of the apparatus consisting of top & bottom pan
ducts of combustion passed between them in the manner shown with;
a) a hot house for drying salt by the waste steam etc.
b) with another salt pan worked by the waste steam etc. consisting
a) either of the ordinary kind salt pan
B) or of a double pan, the top pan having a double bottom immersed in the brine
of the bottom pan, the waste steam passing through said double bottom
being shaped in preference.
2). The combination of the apparatus consisting of top & bottom pan with the
products of combustion passed between them in the manner shown with a petroleum
furnace or gas oven in place of the grate surface fuel consumer.
3). Two improved appliances for the use of the revolver grate invented by myself
& described in Patent 100789.
a) A flat grate supporting iron bent over on top & fixed to the back wall of the
grate furnace with a bolt in such a manner, that it remains moveable on said
bolt & by being laid horizontally or nearly so permits the grate to revolve.
b) A rake moveable on dead plate of furnace, which is slotted, forward & back-

page_text: ward as well as semicircularly sideways by means of a bolt & nuts working in
said slot for moving the firing coals or fuel from one grate to those at its
sides before revolving the grate.
OTTO ERNEST POHL.