appar foring by means of
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 24th Dec., 1887
Complete Accepted, 27th Jan., 1888
My invention relates to improved apparatus for heating by means of gas.
According to my said invention I provide a gas stove having a reflector. The
burner pipe is supplied with air which is heated while flowing through side pipes and
the upper part of the stove, this upper part is lined with refractory material placed
directly over the flame, which material accumulates and reflects heat. Thus the air
for supporting combustion absorbs but little heat from the flame deriving its heat
principally from the products of the combustion.
The products of combustion flow away through two rectangular tubes, each of
which is formed preferably of sheet iron which are rivetted together and have comb-
like edges. Between the edges is placed a copper or other metal sheet cut and bent
to a zig-zag shape so that the stream of heated air as it leaves the flame is compelled
to impinge against the faces of the pipes in an oblique direction. This sheet has also
a comb-like shape at its exterior edges. Metallic bands shaped in the same manner
may be applied in the rectangular pipes.
The products of combustion after passing through the said pipes flow into
two coils placed under the reflector and communicating with a single flue of
larger size.
A pipe is provided to establish the draught when the stove is lighted and also to
regulate the draught. For that purpose, a valve is provided, the operation of which
may be automatic or not as desired.
This valve may be moved automatically by a bimetallic, copper and iron band which
is bent under the action of heat sufficiently to turn off the valve. A small vertical rod
links the bandle of the valve with the bimetallic band, being fastened to the latter by
two screw nuts. This arrangement makes the adjustment and regulation of the valve
easy. This must not be completely closed for instance, when the draught is
defective

page_text: Instead of a bimetallic band I may use a flat bent hollow band which contains a
liquid that vaporizes by heat.
Should the valve not be automatic it must be so arranged that it cannot be shut up
when the stove is lighted. To ensure this I fix on the axis of the valve a rod kept in
a vertical position by a weight, so, that in the usual state, the valve is always turned
on. The upper part of the said rod is provided with an extension that projects in
front of the stove and is terminated by a knob. The said rod is also provided with a
Iug which impinges against a bolt when the latter is in place.
This bolt is controlled from the gas-cock by means of an angle lever. When the
gas-cock is turned off, the bolt is bebind the said lug and the valve is free. When
however, the gas-cock is turned on the bolt slides under the said rod. To shut the gas
cock the said knob must be pulled so that the lug is caught by the bolt. When the
cock is turned off the bolt moves backwards and the rod is released.
When the arrangement of the chimney opening is such that it be impossible to
place the stove inside the same the apparatus may be provided with an ornamented
iron sheet which will allow the air to flow beneath. The discharge flue is also placed
between the two rectangular pipes so that the depth of the reflector is lessened.
When the apparatus is to be placed in the middle of a room it will comprise four
reflectors arranged at right angles to each other around the centre. The space in the
centre is occupied by the discharge, flue. Partitions will be provided to form four air
supply pipes. Each reflector will have below it a passage to receive the bent pipe
which, after running a short distance in the free space under the reflector will lead to
the central discharge flue. This flue may extend upwards or downwards to a
chimney. In this case it will be necessary to add one or more auxiliary gas burners
to establish the draught. The pipe may be located inside a sheath through which
the outside air is drawn into the room, and thus a good ventilation will be
obtained.
The apparatus hereinbefore described will usually occupy a space of about 0 80 in
diameter. To reduce the space required the apparatus may be arranged in the form
of a pillar and serve at the same time as a lighting and heating stove. It is formed of
a pipe into which the products of the combustion flow to the chimney, if possible
travelling along the sheath that supplies fresh air to the room. At a certain height is
connected the main pipe provided with a valve, a pipe forming a coil around the
central pipe and rejoining the latter at the bottom. The lower part as well as the
rising pipe may be surrounded by an ornamented iron sheet.
When gas is supplied from the bottom, the gas pipe will by preference be placed
outside of this pipe, between the latter one and the sheath.
To establish and promote the draught one or more gas burners may be placed in
the chimney. In summer when the apparatus must light and not heat the valve is set
open. To get a good light a glass chimney is used the bottom of which extends to
the sheet iron casing allowing if necessary a little space to increase the quantity of
air entering for supporting the combustion.
Dated this 1st day of Ancil 1887
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Lighting and Heating by Means
of Gas.
I, JOSEPH WYBAUW, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to a gas-heating stove of the kind in which a suitably arranged
copper plate or reflector reflects the heat generated by means of gas flames. The
object of the invention is the greatest utilization of the source of heat in order to obtain
a powerful heating effect with a comparatively small consumption of gas, and the
subject of the same the peculiar arrangement and construction by means of which the
desired maximum of heat can be attained.
The principle upon which the construction is based consists in charging the gas
flames that constitute the source of heat with a current of hot-air which in the
present example is heated, not by the flame itself, but through the medium of the
products of combustion the eduction for the latter being arranged in such a manner
that they give off to the stove the greatest quantity of heat possible, prior to their
passage to the chimney or leave it in the space to be heated.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is an elevation with one half in section of the gas heating stove.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of the stove through one of the conduits for the
eduction of the products of combustion.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section of the said stove.
Figure 4 is an upper view of the same.
Figure 5 represents the combination of several stoves with one another for the
purpose of placing them in the centre of a room; and
Figure 6 an arrangement constructed on the same principle for simultaneously
heating and lighting.
In the stove represented in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 K is a sheet iron frame open in
front and behind whilst it is closed above and at the sides; the lateral parts of the
frame K are connected, above by a cover plate D and below by a suitable bar. In
the front opening of the frame K is secured in the usual manner the reflector R bent
to the form of a parabola, that is to say with its upper end to the front walls of con-
duits L' fixed to the frame K, whereas the lower end projects almost horizontally from
the frame.
The front edge of the cover plate of the sheet iron frame K is bent to form a round
rod upon the inner side of which rest the ends of a row of fire bricks c placed close
against each other and equal to the entire length of the stove, whilst they are supported
with the other ends upon an angle iron w, rivetted to the lower side of the cover plate, so
that they form a refractory surface. Somewhat below the round rod r is the horizontal
gas flame pipe G placed parallel to the same and which represents the source of heat,
this consists of an ordinary gas pipe which is provided with a series of orifices or
burners that are so arranged that the gas introduced into G and issuing from the
orifices or burners is burnt below the fire bricks c in the form of elongated flames F.
By the arrangement of this refractory surface above the flames the latter gives off its

page_text: heat, not to the cover plate D, but to the fire bricks c, whereby the heat radiated from
the flames is collected and radiated back upon the reflector R instead of being con-
ducted away by the metal plate D. Accordingly, owing to the flames not coming
in direct contact with the cover plate D, the latter is highly heated only by the pro-
ducts of combustion passing behind the rear half thereof, and not by the flame itself,
whereby the durability of the plate is increased which otherwise would be destroyed
in a considerably shorter time by the direct contact with the row of flames.
Upon the outer surface of the cover plate D, immediately behind the row of fire
brick, is rivetted a plate B which is bent or formed in such a manner that it con-
stitutes, with the front half of the cover plate, a channel and encloses the round rod r
as far as the gas flamme pipe G.
At the two ends the channel formed by B and D terminates in two vertically rising
draughts L which are secured to the sides of the frame K, and are open at the lower
end. Within the channel formed by B and upon the cover plate D are provided
sheet metal strips having comb like edges for the purpose of obtaining a greater
heating surface for the air current that passes through. This air current, that is to
say the fresh air, is drawn in through the lower open ends of the draughts L and
highly heated in the channel formed by B by touching the cover plate 1) and the
comb shaped edges f fixed upon the same, and at this high temperature comes in
contact with the flames F on every side, whereby the combustion of the escaping gas
becomes as complete as possible and consequently the heating effect of the same is
raised to the maximum.
Now after the gases of combustion have thoroughly heated the plate D by touching
the rear half thereof, they can escape by two different ways. The first is produced by
setting the reflector in direct communication with the chimney pipe H through a short
stove pipe O, the gases of combustion escaping through the pipe O until the stove is
heated enough or a sufficient draught exists in order to allow the gases to escape by
the second way. As soon as the plate D has reached the degree of heat necessary for
this purpose, a flap k in the stove pipe O closes, so that the gases can no longer
escape through 0.
The closing of the flap in O is effected in an automatic manner namely by reason of
the fact that a lever h keyed upon the axis of the flap is connected by a vertically
adjustable bolt 6 with the end of a bar S adapted to turn. This bar is composed of a
lower copper strip and an upper iron strip, that is to say the two metal strips are so
secured upon one another in the longitudinal direction that the copper strip is below
and the iron strip above. Whilst one end of S is connected by the bolt 6 with the
axis of the flap, the other is rivetted upon the rear half of the cover plate D. From
this it follows that when the heat acts upon S, the lower copper strip expands more
than the upper iron strip, whereby the free end of S is lifted and sets the flap k
straight closing the pipe O.
In lieu of this double metal strip, a flat hollow bar filled with liquid might be
employed for the same purpose, inasmuch as such a bar can likewise bend when the
liquid evaporates, thereby closing the flap.
The stove developes its greatest heating effect only after the closing of the flap O,
.as then the products of combustion are carried off in such a manner that they must
give off the greatest part of the heat carried away, to conduits L' designed for this
purpose. These conduits consist in the present example of rectangular channels
which are arranged vertically on the rear side of the frame K, and terminate at the
upper end by a square opening through which the gases of combustion in the
reflector R pass off. The conduits L' are divided in the middle by a plate P (prefer-
ably of copper) rivetted to them and dividing them in halves. In the copper plate P
are provided incisions or openings for the formation of tongues which are bent out
from the said plate and alternately bear against the front and the rear wall of the
conduits L' and thereby form obstructions by means of which the escaping products
of combustion alternately touch the front and rear conduits wall in an oblique
direction, and thus give off their heat to the walls of the conduit L' or the respective
space surrounding the stove.

page_text: When the gases arrive at the lower end of the conduit L' they are conducted
through serpentine tubes R¹, arranged in the open space below the reflector R and
which therefore still further increase the way or heating surface, to the common exit
pipe H and to the chimney.
The heating surface is moreover augmented in a material manner by connecting the
conduits L by means of comb shaped metal strips which are rivetted on just at those
points where the gases of combustion touch the conductor walls. These comb shaped
strips can be provided on the front as well as rear side of the conduits that is to say
wherever there is room, as represented by way of example in Figures 1, 2 and 3. The
outer edge of the copper plate P is also made comb shaped and projects from the
lateral conduit walls to which the plate is rivetted. The employment of such strips f
in gas stoves enables numerous or long pipes to be dispensed with, inasmuch as the
comb shaped edges are much more effective than tubular walls, as heating or cooling
surfaces.
Upon the plate B forming the hot air channel are arranged plate valves V which,
like the flap k, open and close automatically and serve to obviate explosions or an
extinction of the gas flames. The extinction of the flames can be effected by the
movement of the draught downwards in the chimney as is frequently the case, whereby
the flames are put out by the products of combustion that cannot pass off. The
escaping gas then fills the hot-air channel, so that, when the gas is ignited again, an
explosion would be caused; and in order to obviate the same, the plate valves V are
arranged upon B, and which permit the escape of the gas collecting below B and
thereby prevent, not only any possible explosion but also the extinction of the gas
flames, inasmuch as by the escape of the gas upwards an air current is created around
the flames and consequently the combustion is maintained.
The valves are accordingly so arranged that they close automatically when the stove
becomes warm, but open automatically as soon as the stove becomes cool. This
automatic opening and closing of the valves V, of which there may be any number, is
performed exactly in the same manner as in the case of the stove Hap k, that is to say
by means of a bar S₁ composed of two metals expanding at different degrees of heat,
and which carries at one end the plate valve V upon a vertical pin and at the other
end is rivetted upon the cover plate D so that the valves close when the bar S' bends
downwards by the heat, and open when the bar becomes straight again. In this case
the copper strip is above and the iron strip below.
Figure 5 illustrates in diagram a transverse section of several gas stoves of the
described system combined with each other at the rear side, the conduit L' R' termi-
nating in a common exit pipe H¹ passing below the floor. The operation is exactly as
above described with the exceptoin that no stove pipe C leads directly to the exit pipe,
therefore in this case one or more gas jets must be ignited for a short time in order to
create the necessary draught for the normal passage of the gases through the
conduits L'R' at the mouth of the exit pipe H in the chimney.
The arrangement shown in Figure 6 is based upon the same principle as the
first described stove and can serve for the simultaneous heating and lighting of
a room.
As shown in the diagram, the stove is likewise put up in the centre of a room, and
it comprises a central vertical pipe R which is surrounded by a coiled pipe R³ up to a
certain height. The serpentine pipe R³ terminates at its upper end in the straight
pipe R and at its lower end together with the straight pipe in the exit pipė passing
below the floor of the room to the chimney.
Below the orifice of the coiled pipe R³ is arranged in the vertical pipe R², a flap k¹
that can be opened or closed at will. The whole is surrounded by an appropriate
sheet metal casing M which is above contracted to form a neck surrounding the
pipe R2 and carries, upon its perforated end, which is enlarged, a glass cylinder G¹
of suitable width and length. Within this cylinder is secured, upon the pipe R' a
refractory top piece h¹, around which is placed the circular gas-flame pipe or burner
pipe g from which the flame rises vertically.
A suitable shade or reflector R is provided above the burner.

page_text: The operation is as follows: The air rising from below into the casing M is heated
by the pipes R2 R3 and passes to the flames which by reason of the draught leading to
the chimney bend into the top piece, whereby the fire gases are caused to pass off
through R; if the necessary draught has been produced the flap k¹ is closed and the
gases pass through the pipe R³ whereby the heating surface is considerably increased.
This stove which serves at the same time as a lamp differs from the stoves above
described only by the modified mechanical arrangement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First. In gas heating stoves the arrangement on the underside of the cover plate D
of the stove, above the gas flames F forming the source of..heat, of a refractory
surface c whereby the heat of the flames is radiated back upon the reflector R, and is
not conducted away by the cover plate D.
Second. In a stove as above described the provision of a hot air channel on the
front half of the cover plate D by arranging the sheet metal plate B in such a manner,"
that the ends of the channel terminate in the draughts L secured vertically to the sides
of the stove, the air drawn in being highly heated on the cover plate D which is
provided with sheet metal strips having comb shaped edges and is heated by the
escaping gases, and touching the flames F on every side.
Third. In a stove as above described, the arrangement, on the rear side of the stove
for the eduction of the gases, of conduits L' that are divided by a copper plate P in
two halves, tongues 7 being bent from the plate P so that the gases alternately
touch the front and the rear wall, and thereupon escape through the coiled pipe R¹
into the chimney pipe H.
Fourth. For replacing long pipes the connection or lining of the conduits L' and
the arrangement on the outer edge of the plate P fixed in the said conduit of sheet
metal strips having comb shaped edges for the purpose of obtaining a large heating
or cooling surface.
Fifth. In a stove as above described the automatic change of passage for the educ-
tion of the gases by the heat of the stove, by the effect of which the extensible bar S
closes the flap k in the pipe O at the proper time, and opens it again on the cooling of
the stove.
Sixth. In a stove as above described the employment of the hot air channel formed
by the plate B of the plate valves V which open and close automatically substantially
as above described.
Seventh. The arrangement substantially as described with reference to Figure 5 of
several stoves of the construction specified in the first claiming clause for the purpose
of placing them in the centre of a room.
Eighth. The arrangement for the simultaneous heating and lighting of a room,
consisting of the vertical pipe R in which terminates above and below the serpentine
pipe R2, the whole being surrounded by a casing M which carries at its upper end a
glass cylinder G, whilst in the interior of the same is arranged a circular gas flame
pipe so that the flames bend into the refractory top piece h₁ of the pipe R through
the eduction to the chimney and the gases escape through the pipes R R as above
described.
1003