Improvements in Book Sewing Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 30th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 1st May, 1893-Accepted, 29th July, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Book Sewing Machines.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert & Co., Patent Agents, of
18 Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C. London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention a communication to me from abroad by Friedrich
Kehwoldt, Merchant, of the Firm of Gebrüder Brehmer, of Leipzig-Plagwitz, in
the Empire of Germany, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the sewing of books and consists in certain improved
machinery for that purpose. In the front of the machine is a cross bar adapted to
be moved up and down by suitable lever motion from an excentric, but always
remaining horizontal. This bar is suitably guided and balanced to a certain
extent by a spring, and is termed a "sword." On it is laid the collection of
gathered sheets known as a "signature" to be sewn the upper edge of the sword
lying within the fold of the signature which is thus carried by the sword which lifts
it against the needles and causes it to be there sewn to the backing or to the other
signatures already sewn, which lie on an adjustable table behind the sword. The
signatures as they are successively sewn remain at the position of the operation of
sewing while the sword descends to receive the next signature. The sewn books
are removed from the back of the machine. If a backing is to be sewn onto the
back folds of the books this is done at the time of sewing by supplying the backing
from a spool or spools under the needles. If a length of backing is to be left on
each sewn collection of signatures for binding purposes this may be done by
inserting a spacing block of wood after each batch of signatures is sewn, these
blocks resting on side rails above the table aforesaid on which the lower edges of
the sewn signatures rest.
Along the whole length of the upper edge of the sword are slots into which the
needles piercing the signatures project and above the sword on the frame work of
the machine are the needle holders the position of which is adjustable, these holders
carrying needles of two kinds, namely sewing needles eyeletted to carry the thread
through the paper sewn, and hook needles whose purpose is to seize and draw
through the paper the loops of thread supplied to them as hereinafter described and
form a chain of these loops on the backs of the signatures. The sewing needles
may be arranged in pairs in rotary holders with arrangements for reversing their
positions by half revolution of the holder so that each needle may if desired pierce
the signatures at the same relative position as the other pierced the former
signature. By adjusting variously the positions of the sewing needles and the hook
needles or having more or fewer of them and suitably arranging the various
operating parts of the machine which are provided with the necessary means of
adjustment, very many different kinds of sewing arrangement may be made by the
same machine.
On the sword are sliding plates with hooks so arranged that they may carry the
loops of the threads left by or on the sewing needles, either to the right or left and
deliver them to the hooked needles which having taken them compress their
hooked tongues against the said plates and return through the punctures they had
made drawing the loop with them and so drawing the new loop through that
previously on the stem of the hook needle locking the latter loop on the chain.
The plates may be double hooked to carry the loops alternately right and left.
The tension weights on the threads are arranged so that their weight is lifted
from the threads when the latter are drawn for loops.

page_text: Where reversing needles are used as aforesaid, hooked catches moved by suitable
lever and excentric motions are applied to lock the said needles at the time of
piercing the signatures.
The various parts of the machine are preferably operated by suitable lever
motions from excentric or cam wheels or wheel driven by or from the main shaft.
Dated this 30th day of July 1892.
HERBERT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.
Improvements in Book Sewing Machines.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert & Co., of 18 Buckingham
Street, Strand, London, W.C. Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, a communication to me from abroad by Friedrich Rehwoldt, Merchant,
of the Firm of Gebrüder Brehmer, of Leipzig-Plagwitz, in the Empire of
Germany, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the sewing of books and consists in certain improved
machinery for that purpose.
In the front of the machine is a cross bar adapted to
be moved up and down by suitable lever motion from an excentric, but always
remaining horizontal. This bar is suitably guided and balanced to a certain extent
by a spring, and is termed either a "sword" 01' "book-saddle." On it is laid the
collection of gathered sheets known as a "signature" to be sewn the upper edge of
the saddle lying within the fold of the signature which is thus carried by the saddle
which lifts it against the needles and causes it to be there sewn to the backing or
to the other signatures already sewn, which lie on an adjustable table behind the
saddle. The signatures as they are successively sewn remain at the position of the
operation of sewing while the saddle descends to receive the next signature.
The sewn books are removed from the back of the machine. If a backing is to be
sewn onto the back folds of the books this is done at the time of sewing by
supplying the backing from a spool or spools under the needles. If a length of
backing is to be left on each sewn collection of signatures for binding purposes this
may be done by inserting a spacing block of wood after each batch of signatures
is sewn, these blocks resting on side rails above the table aforesaid on which the
lower edges of the sewn signatures rest.
Along the whole length of the upper edge of the saddle are slots into which the
needles piercing the signatures project and above the saddle on the frame-work of
the machine are the needle holders the position of which is adjustable, these holders
carrying needles of two kinds, namely thread needles eyeletted to carry the thread
through the paper sewn, and crochet needles whose purpose is to seize and draw
through the paper the loops of thread supplied to them as hereinafter described
and form a chain of these loops on the backs of the signatures. The thread
needles may be arranged in pairs in rotary holders with arrangements for reversing
their positions by half revolution of the holder so that each needle may if desired
pierce the signatures at the same relative position as the other pierced the former
signature. By adjusting variously the positions of the thread needles and the
crotchet needles or having more or fewer of them and suitably arranging the
various operating parts of the machine which are provided with the necessary
means of adjustment, very many different kinds of sewing arrangement may be
made by the same machine.
On the saddle are sliding plates with hooks so arranged that they may carry the
loops of the threads left by or on the thread needles, either to the right or left and
deliver them to the crotchet needles which having taken them compress their
hooked tongues against the said plates and return through. the punctures they had

page_text: made drawing the loop with them and so drawing the new loop through that
previously on the stem of the crotchet needle locking the latter loop on the chain.
The plates may be double hooked to carry the loops alternately right and left.
The tension weights on the threads are arranged so that the threads are released
from their weight when the latter are drawn for loops.
Where reversing needles are used as aforesaid they are locked against displace-
ment at the time of piercing the signatures.
The various parts of the machine are preferably operated by suitable lever
motions from excentric or cam wheel or wheels driven by or from the main shaft.
In the annexed drawings (Sheet I) Figs. 1 and 2 show front and side elevations
of the machine.
Sheet II (Figs. 3 to 5) vertical sections and details of the mechanism.
Sheet III (Figs. 6 to 15) the needle movement and thread tensioning arrange-
ment.
Sheets II and IV (Figs. 16 to 36) detailed illustration of the needles and needle
movements.
Sheets IV and V (Figs. 37 to 47) illustration of the thread catchers their
actuation and method of operation.
Sheets V and VI (Figs. 48 to 60) illustrate the process of sewing.
Sheets VI to VIII represent a machine which is constructed for a modified
stitching as hereinafter described. Figs. 61 to 65 being front and lateral views of
this machine and also detailed parts for movement of the book saddle.
Sheet VIII (Figs. 64 to 71) shows the cross section of the machine particularly
illustrating the detailed parts of the sewing mechanism and double thread catcher.
Sheets IX and X (Figs. 72 to 79) represent the process of sewing, that is, the
method of operation of the needles where the sewing is effected by one needle.
Sheets X and XI (Figs 80 to 95) illustrate different methods of sewing
producable by the machine.
The main arbor 1 of the machine (see Figs. 1, 4 and 5) carries a loosely mounted
pulley 2. For actuating the machine a friction clutch is used consisting of the
Friction disk 3 the conical rim of which is pressed into a corresponding cone of the
pulley 2, as soon as the worker places his foot on the treadle 4 this latter carrying
upon its backward prolongation a counterweight 5 and operating the friction disk 3
by means of the connecting rod 6 and the bell crank lever 7.
By lifting the foot, the friction clutch is released and the brake ring 8 arranged
on the back of the friction disk 3 assists the stopping of the machine by placing
itself against another brake ring of the same shape fixed on the frame.
On the main arbor (Fig. 2) a cog wheel 9 is provided actuating another
cog wheel 10.
This cog gearing is inserted only to allow for a quicker running of the pulley and
could consequently be omitted where slow running shafting is used.
The cog wheel 10 is integral with a cam 11 and rotates therewith on a gudgeon 12
in the frame.
The cam 11 has three curves, one on the left side (13) one on the right (14) and
one on the edge (15) see Fig. 1.
In curve 14 runs the roller 16 on the wrist pin 17 in the lever 18.
The lever 18 has its pivotal point on the gudgeon 19 fixed in the frame and
carries in its front end a number of tapped holes 20 which serve for the adjustable
connection of the rod 21 by which the movement is transferred to the vertical or
inclined (possibly curved) reciprocating bar 22 (see Fig. 1) in guides 23 and 24.
The bar 22 carries the horizontal saddle 25 which always moving in parallel follows
up and down movement of the bar 22.
By shifting the lower end of the rod to another hole 20 the stroke of the saddle 25
may be altered to correspond to the dimensions of the signature.
A spiral spring connected to the lower end of the book saddle rod 22 partially
balances the aforesaid reciprocating parts.
The open sheets or signatures are placed astride the saddle 25 to be sewn and

page_text: for this purpose the book saddle is provided with an arrangement described
hereinafter.
Figs. 1 and 4 represent the saddle in dotted lines in position for receiving the
signature. The saddle then moves upward until the fold of the signature stands
underneath the needles N and H and remains in this position while the needles pass
through the fold of the signature from above, into a slit in the ridge of the
saddle 25.
To prevent rocking, the left hand end of the saddle 25 may be moved in a
guide 28 and may be braced as at 29 to the lower end of the rod 22.
In the sewing, two different kinds of needles are used, namely thread needles N
(see Figs. 16 and 17 of Sheet III) and crochet needles H the latter representing
an improvement (Figs. 26 to 30). The latter consist of a round needle shaft which
ends in a point.
This point is very short and in the highest position of the needle,
it lics close over the paper in order not to draw out too long a loop which would
make the sewing loose. On the front part a springing tongue is arranged which
by pressure against its bend at b may be pushed backward in the position shown in
Fig. 28 when the upper tongued end recedes into a groove m in the needle shaft.
In this position the crochet needle is closed and may be drawn backward through
the hole which this crochet needle has previously, during its downward motion,
pierced in the paper.
The thread needles and crochet needles receive their movement from a needle
frame 30 (see Fig. 1, Sheet I. and 6, 7, 12, Sheet 3), which slides in guides 31 on
the frame 32 and is moved by the two toggles 33, with connecting bars 34, rod 35,
bell crank lever 36, rod 37, lever 38 pivoted at 39 carrying the wrist pin 40 with
roller 41 moving on the curve 13 of the cam 11.
The sewing and crochet needles are connected with the needle frame 30 by
intermediate pillars 44, 77 so that they may be displaced for different stitch
lengths.
The thread needles N which may be used in any desired number are fixed by
screws in the round needle bars 42 (Figs. 20 and 25).
A pair of these needle bars 42 are rotarily placed in a cylindrical casing 43, this
casing again rotates within the pillar 44 which is connected to the needle frame 30.
By this arrangement, it is possible to laterally displace the thread needles N N by
turning them half way around an imaginary axis between the two. Such movement is
effected where desired, after completion of a stitch but it may also be employed in
intervals or even be entirely omitted.
The rotating of the case 43 around an angle of 180° and together with this that
of the needle bars 42 is attained by means of a cog wheel 45 fixed on the case and
actuated by a rack 46, guided in the needle frame 30.
As the needles must occupy exact positions in reference to the saddle, the
following arrangement has been made to prevent the needle bars 42 from rotating
in the machine (Figs. 24 and 25). The upper end of the needle bars 42 carry
small cranks 47 with pins 48 guided in cam slots 49 in the pillars 44. (Figs. 6, 7, 8
and 13 of Sheet 3.)
The mentioned rack 46, the stroke of which must be equal to half the circum-
ference of the cog wheels 45 carries a pin 50 which passes through a slot in the
needle frame 30.
On a bracket 61 connected with the frame 32 a crank disc 62 is journalled at 63.
This crank disk carries on one side a pin 64 on which works the rod 51 of the
rack 46 (Fig. 6). The eccentricity of the pin 64 is equal to the half stroke of the
rack, consequently when the pin 64 passes from the position (Fig. 14) to
the position of Fig. 15, that is to say when the crank disc 62 has performed
half a revolution, the bar 51 and with it the rack 46 will have completed their
course.
In order to impart to the crank disk 62 this half revolution at the proper time
and in a simple manner, the following arrangement has been made:-On the rear
of the disk are the two further pins 65 on a diameter to which the radius to the

page_text: pin 64 would be perpendicular. The lever 67 is pivoted at 66 to the bracket 61.
The lever 67 is connected by rods 68 to one of the holes 20 in the lever 18 and is
oscillated thereby. The lever 67 carries a pawl 70 against a resting pin 71 and
actuated by spring 72. When the lever 67 rises (Fig. 14) the latch 70 rides over
the upper pin 65, and engages with this pin when the lever returns (Fig. 15) thus
giving a half turn to the crank disk 62.
To prevent independent displacement of the crank disk and consequently of the
rack and needles, the following locking device may be arranged.
The crank disk 62 has on its periphery two slits 73 into one of which catches a
bell crank detent 74 pivoted at 75 and actuated by the spring 76.
The latch 70 presses upon the tail 77 and releases the detent 74 out of the slit 73
(Fig. 6); after a half turn the detent automatically catches into the second slit 73
of the crank disk 62 (see Fig. 15).
The construction of the devices which hold the crochet needles H are shown in
Figs. 31 to 36 of Sheet 4.
77 represents a box shaped pillar into the front surface
of which grooves 78 are engraved in which the crochet needles are held by
plates 79.
Within the pillar 77 moves a slide 80 continuously drawn down by spring 81
(Fig. 32) and limited in its downward travel by means of a set screw acting as an
abutment. The under foot part of this slide 80 serves as a support for the crochet
needles H so that the latter may not be drawn backward and possibly broken by
the thread loops within their crochet ends. These slides also serve as presser feet
acting upon the back of the signature to be stitched holding it fast during the
stitching.
The crochet needle pillars 77 are fixed in the same manner to the needle frame 30
as the thread needle pillars 44.
The abovementioned contrivance in the saddle for carrying the loops for the
stitching is actuated by the curve 15 of the excentric 11 (see Figs. 1 and 2 of
Sheet and Fig. 37 to 39 of Sheet IV).
In
In this curve 15 runs the roller 82 upon the wrist pin 83 in the lever 84.
The latter is pivoted at 85 and carries within its upper arm a U shaped slit.
this slit during the rising of the saddle, moves a roller 86 attached to the lever 87,
the latter having its pivot at 88 in the book saddle 25 and consequently moving
therewith.
When the saddle 25 has reached its highest position, the needles N pierce from
above the fold of the signature to be sewed (stitched) (Figs. 37 to 39 of Sheet IV)
and these needles having reached their lowest position rise a little in order to form
a thread loop. (Figs. 43 and 45.)
This loop is caught by a slide S and carried to the crotchet needle H (Fig. 44)
at same distance from the thread needles N, the crochet needle catches the thread
with its tongue z (Figs. 46 and 47) and after the tongue has been closed by pressure
draws the loop outwardly through the backing..
The slides S are moved from the lever 87 (Figs. 37 to 39) by means of the small
connecting bars 89 and the slide bars 90 on which latter they may be fixed
according to convenience.
The slide bars 90 move within corresponding grooves in the saddle 25. To
regulate the stroke of the slide bars 90 and of the slides S corresponding to the
stitch length, a number of holes are tapped in the lever 87 with which the ends of
the small connecting bars 89 may be connected. The lever 87 is prolonged
downward to form a handle to enable the attendant on finishing the stitching of n
book to move the slides S by hand and thereby release the thread, a corresponding
piece of thread is drawn out and fixed to the backing by glue or in any other way.
The curve 15 of the excentric 11 is made in conformity with the movements
required.
The stitch formed in the above described manner is drawn fast by the thread
needle N on its returning in upward direction. The crochet needle H will draw
the newly received loop n through that previously formed (¹) on the preceding

page_text: signature (Figs. 46 and 47) and so on. In this manner at that place where the
crochet needles are provided a firm cross junction is formed over the backing of the
book while the stitches are chain-stitched to one another.
The slides S which carry the thread loops of the thread needles N to the
crochet needles H. are represented in Figs. 40, 40, 40°, 41 and 42 of Sheets 4
and 5. They move as seen in Figs. 37 to 46 one above the other and slide on a
corresponding surface in the saddle by the thread and crochet needle grooves,
however without touching during their motion the tongues of the crochet
needles which project from the grooves.
They are constructed so that that thread of the loop which is to be caught by
the tongue of the crochet needle always lics close to the slideway in the book
saddle while the other thread lies loose above the slide (Fig. 44).
In this way the slipping of the thread into the crochet needle is effected.
The slides S have also another important purpose, namely to close the crochet
needle tongues at the proper moment by pressing them in order to render possible
the withdrawal of the crochet needle H with the loop therein through the paper.
To attain this the upper slides S are made in a special manner as shown in
Figs. 404 40B, 41 and 42.
Through the slit (Fig. 43) comes the loop formed by the thread needle N ; this
is then caught by the point a when the slide S passes and places itself in the loose
loop (bight) in such a manner that the one thread of the loop passes underneath
and the other over the slide S.
On completion of its stroke the slide S with the thread stands above the hook
of the crochet needle H (Fig. 44). The slide carries on this place as well as on
the right hand at the underside a circular space k against which the tongue z of
the crochet needle when rising pushes and is thereby closed automatically (see
Figs. 46 and 47).
This arrangement of the slide represents a special and important improvement.
The thread needles N receive their supply of thread from bobbins or balls at 95
(Fig. of Sheet 1) arranged on a crossbar of the frame. The thread passes
through a thread tensioner (Figs. 1 and 3) thence underneath a guide bar 69 to a
hole within the upper end of the needle bar 42 and then through a groove in the
needle bar, down to the needle eyelet (Fig. 21 of Sheet 4).
The thread tighteners are constructed in such a manner that the tension is only
in action when the stitches are drawn (Figs. 6 and 7 of Sheet 3), that is to say
when the thread needles N rise.
For this purpose the threads run through cross slotted bolts 96 over steel disks 97
which are so arranged upon the lower enlarged ends of the bolts as to be displace-
able up and down thereon.
The steel disks have their supporting points upon the cross bars 98 connected at
both ends and lifted by means of the arms 99 on the toggles 33. This lifting is
effected always on rising of the needle frame 30 that is of the thread and crochet
needles N H.
Upon the upper thinner end of the bolts 96 weights are arranged which usually
sit astride upon the head without touching the thread, (Figs. 9 and 10) their
weight may be increased or diminished. Only on lifting of the steel disks toward
the weights is the thread pressed between both (Fig. 7).
The books may be stitched upon any suitable backing material as gauze or
canvas, band or cord; this material may partially or entirely reach over the
hacking. Where desired backing material may be omitted.
The backing material, gauze, stitching stuff, band or cord may be wound upon
reels 100, (Fig. 1, 2 and 3) whence it is first passed through a tensioning device (such
as described in the Specification of Patent No. 3748 of 31st July 1883) and then
over the back of the signatures to be sewn.
The machine sews together an indefinite number of signatures without inter-
ruption. The signatures are lead out at the back of the machine on a suitably
formed table the fold being directed upward while the leaves hang down.

page_text: For supporting the stitched volumes a displaceable table is arranged which is
indispensable particularly when sewing thick and heavy books.
After the signatures are stitched together they are taken out at the back of the
machine for separation of the respective books.
If on the other hand books are to be sewn so that a sufficiently broad strip of
backing material is left at each side for stitching on the book-covers, prismatic
wood blocks may be interposed between the respective books as each book is
finished.
The breadth of the blocks controls the breadth of the overhanging piece of
backing. The blocks are longer than the book itself and their ends are placed in
shaped guide racks 129 on the frame 32, Fig. 3, which run backward on both
inner sides of the frame and serve to support the blocks.
A. frictional resistance against the moving back of the sewn book for the purpose
of a close stitching of the signatures acts upon the wood block, and furthermore a
fastening arrangement for the treadle lever which secures the stopping of the
machine to prevent pinching the hand when inserting the wood blocks-is likewise
provided as described in the Specification of Patent No. 3748 of the 31 July 1883.
The action of the machine as a whole by co-operation of the afore-described
mechanism, is substantially as follows:
A. signature is placed upon the upper edge of the book saddle 25 (Fig. 3 and 4
Sheet 2). The saddle 25 moves upward and the needle frame 30 with thread and
crochet needles moves downward and the needles pierce the paper (see Fig. 50 & 51).
The thread-catchers S S stand close behind the thread needles. The thread
needles N N recede a little forming the loops nn (see Fig. 52 and 53). In this
position the needles remain at rest, while the thread-catchers S move forward. On
this forward movement each thread catcher S catches that thread loop n, which
lies before it, its point a passing into this loop one of those loops moving to the
right and one to the left over the tongues z of the respective crochet needles H H
(see Fig. 54 and 55). This done the thread-catchers remain in rest, while the
needles move upward and the tongues of the crochet needles H catch the
threads n n.
The tongues on this upward movement of the needles are closed
by the thread-catchers S S and are kept closed until the tongue points of the
crochet-needles have passed through the paper and the former loops n' n' (see
Fig. 56 and 57). In this position the needles again remain at rest, while the
thread-catchers inove backward into their original position. Shortly before this
original position is attained the thread and crochet needles again recommence their
upward movement, until they have again reached their highest position (see Fig. 58
and 59).
When the thread and crochet needles have arrived there, the two thread-
needles N N change their relative positions that is to say, the needles, as hereinbefore
described, are turned around an angle of 180° (see Fig. 48). During this time the
saddle 25 moves downward. When the saddle with another signature has again
arrived in its highest position, the movement of the needles and thread catchers recom-
mences. The sewn book, on every rising of the saddle shifts automatically
backward to the extent of the thickness of one signature. The sewing attained
in this way gives a double-cross connection of the threads (see Fig. 60, Sheet 6).
The different sewing-methods that may be performed by aid of the above
described mechanisms by displacing of the crotchet needles or by using one or
two needles for the thread are illustrated on Sheet X and XI by Figs. 80 to 91.
The needle threads may run either in a straight line over the backing of the
book as indicated in Fig. 80 to 83 (and if desired over backing material sewn
thereto) or also in zigzag as shown in Figs. 84 to 87. In the latter case the backing
material is better fixed to the book. The stitches of the crochet needles H. run
always in straight line over the backing.
For the zigzag-stitch, the thread needles after sewing of each signature must
be laterally displaced. This may be done either by their half turning as already

page_text: described, around an imaginary axis in the middle between the pair of thread
needles (see Figs. 24 and 25 Sheet IV); this method of sewing being specially
advantageous, because thereby the threads, as shown in Figs. 88 to 91, always
cross above one another and give after glueing an extremely solid backing-
connection; or by a lateral displacement of the thread needles as hereinafter
illustrated by aid of Figs. 66 & 67.
If between two thread needles N only one crochet-needle H is arranged,
stitching is effected as shown in Figs. 82 and 86 etc. The central crotchet needle
then catches two loops. If on the other hand two crochet needles H are provided
between two thread needles N, stitching results as shown in Fig. 81 and 85 etc.
In this way it is possible, to sew sheets to be afterwards cut up to form a
number of small sized books (such as notebooks etc.) in one length the separate
books after stitching being cut off between the crochet needles. This is of
great advantage in point of saving of time and increase of output by the machine.
For stitching as indicated in Fig. 92 and 93, in which the loops of the crochet-
needles pass, over an intervening signature-this is to say generally speaking in
all stitching, in which the crochet needles do not move always in common with
the thread needles-the machine is arranged so, that the thread needles and each
of the crochet-needle series are mounted in a separate needle frame, three needle
frames of independent movement being required.
The machine is then made as in Fig. 61 to 71 (Sheet VI VII VIII). The
three needle frames in Fig. 64 marked 101, 102, 103, receive their movement
from the excentric 104 Fig. 61 on shaft 105 through the excentric levers 106,
107, 108 connecting rods 109, 110, 111, balance beams 112, 113, 114 fulcrumed
on oscillating parts 115, 116 & 117 and engaging with their ends the frames
101, 102 and 103 respectively.
Arbor 105 is driven by cogwheels 118 and 119 from shaft 120. Cog-
wheel 118 is integral with a cam track which through lever 121, rod 122 and
bell crank lever 123 produces the lateral displacement of needle frame 101
(see Figs. 64 to 68) after each stitch, to produce in this machine stitchings as
shown in Figs. 92 and 93 as well as those in Figs. 94 and 95. The book saddle
excentric 124 on the cam 14 is loosely placed upon the driving shaft and according
to requirement may be engaged therewith by treadle 126 and clutch 125.
The arrangement of the machine remains otherwise the same, except that the
action tug pulley is displaced to the left. If the thread catchers are required to
be such as to take the thread-loops toward either side, these catchers are of the
form shown in Figs. 69 to 71, with a point a at each side. On the back again in
the middle is made a curved recess k for closing the tongues of the crochet-
needles by pressure.
Reference being made to Figs. 72 to 79, the thread needle N (Fig. 72) and the
crochet needle H on the left pierce the paper. The double loop catcher S standing
closely beside the thread needle catches the thread-loop n and carries it to the
left (Fig. 73) over the tongue of the crochet needle. The latter that is to say
the tongue catches the sewing thread and moves upward, while the tongue is
closed by the thread catcher and is kept closed until the tongue point of the
crochet needle has passed back through the paper and the former loop. In this
position the crochet-needle remains in rest, while now the thread catcher moves
back into its original position; the crochet and thread needles continue their
upward course and draw the stitch tight (Fig. 74.) This done, the saddle 25
moves down, while the needle for the thread N is displaced to the right into the
position marked by dotted lines (Fig. 74). Another signature is put in the
saddle rises and the thread needle N pierces on the right of the thread catcher
(Fig. 76). The thread catcher S now again catches the loop n and carries it to
the right to the crochet needle H (see Fig. 77) on the right which will now have
been moved with the thread needle. This crochet needle, with the thread
loop and the thread needle rise and draw the loop tight. (See Fig. 78.)

page_text: The thread needle is again displaced to the left, thus taking the position in
dotted lines (Fig. 78) which was its original position (Fig. 72) and another
signature is put in and sewn.
Stitching as effected in this manner by only using one thread needle, is illustrated
by Figs. 75, 79 and 92. Where stitching is to be produced as shown in Figs. 91
and 95, whereby in each signature loops are passed to the left and to the right, the
thread needle must pierce cach signature twice. This method of stitching is as
follows:
The saddle with the signature rises; the needle pierces the paper, say to the
left (Fig. 72); the thread catcher carries the loop to the left to the crotchet
needle H (Fig. 73); the thread catcher then, after closing the tongue z by pressure,
returns while the needles rise. The thread needle is then displaced to the right and
the next loop is carried to the right hand crochet needle, but as the stitch running
to the right is required to pass into the same signature as that running to the left, the
saddle remains in its position until the second stitch is performed. This retarding
of the saddle is attained by disengaging the coupling (Fig. 65). The saddle
excentric 124 with cam 14 remains at rest until the clutch is reengaged after the
second right hand stitch is completed.
The stitching itself is substantially the same as illustrated in Sheets 5 and 6,
with the difference that only one thread needle is in work and consequently one
thread taken alternately by the one or the other crochet needle within one or
alternate signatures by a double thread catcher, while in Sheets 5 and 6 each
signature, is stitched towards both ends by means of two needle threads at the
same time.
It is easily seen, that the number of the different methods of using the machine as
indicated in Sheet X and XI for various kinds of stitching may be increased by
unimportant alterations and combinations of the stitches.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Machinery based upon the improved method of stitching or sewing books or
signatures by one or more threads passed by means of thread needles N through
the fold of the signature the loops being drawn by thread catchers S to either or
both sides to crotchet-needles H so as to form a double thread within the fold of
the signature, and at corresponding places drawn out by the inserted crotchet-
needles H and connected in chain stitch to produce a secure cross connection over
the backs of the signatures.
2. In a book sewing machine to effect stitching substantially as described the
horizontal cross arm or saddle 25 with the mechanism, consisting of the parts 22,
21, 18, 16, 17, curve 14 and cam 11, whereby the same receives a vertical, inclined
reciprocating or curvilinear motion.
3. In combination with the saddle 25 a loosely mounted cam 124 in connection
with the clutch arrangement consisting of the parts 125 and 126 (Figs. 61 and 64
Sheet 6 and 8).
4. The combination with the thread catcher of a mechanism consisting of the
parts 90, 89, 88, 87, 86, Fig. 37, Sheet 4, and the parts 84, 85, 82, 83 in connection
with the cam 11 and its curve 15, Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1.
5. For attaining the movement of the needles the combination of the needle
frame 30 with the parts 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41 serving for the movement
of the needle frame, in connection with the curve 13, the cam 11 (Figs. 1 and 2,
Sheet 1).
6. To attain alternate stitching the combination of the needle frames 101, 102, 103
and their impelling parts 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 109, 110, 111, 106, 107, 108
in connection with the cam 104 (Figs. 61 and 62, Sheet 6 and 7).
7. To attain the alternation or displacement of the thread needles N the com-
bination of the parts 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49 (Figs. 20 to 25, Sheet 4) with
B

page_text: the parts 50, 51, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 (Figs. 14
and 15, Sheet 3).
8. For the purpose of attaining lateral displacement of the thread needles N the
combination of the parts 118, 121, 122, 123 (Fig. 63, Sheet 7).
3
9. The crotchet needles H with springing tongue according to Figs. 26 to 30,
Sheet 4.
10. Thread catchers with one or two points a Figs. 40 to 44, Sheet 4 and 5 and
Figs. 69 to 71, Sheet 8, recesses o and on the underside a curved track k, in order
to conduct the loops, formed by the needles for the thread, to the crotchet needles
and to close by pressure the tongues of the crotchet needles.
11. The combination of the intermediate pillars 77 with the parts 78, 79, 80 and 81
(Figs. 31 to 34, Sheet 4).
12. The combination of tappets 99 with the parts 98, 97, 96 in order to only
produce a tension of the thread on the drawing tight of the stitch (see Figs. 6 and 7,
Sheet 3).
Dated this on day of Apr 13.
R. HADDAN.
Herbert & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C.