IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jennings, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Spinner, and Thomas Whitaker, of the same Place, Manager, for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jennings and
Thomas Whitaker at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents on the 18th
September 1880.
WILLIAM JENNINGS, of Bradford, in the County of York, Spinner, and
THOMAS WHITAKER, of the same Place, Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING
MACHINERY."
The object of this Invention is to produce a smoother yarn from long stapled
wool and other fibre by means of cap spinning.
Hitherto yarns produced by cap spinning and from English or other long
stapled wool or other fibre has been rough and "starey."
Our object is accomplished in the following manner :-
Instead of building up the yarn on to the bobbin or tube from the bottom
upwards, we reverse and arrange the lifter so as to build up the yarn on to the
bobbin or tube from the top downwards. By this method not only is the yarn
smoother and better, but hitherto we have only been able to run fly spindles from
say 2 to 3 thousand revolutions per minute, whereas by our arrangement we are
now enabled to run cap spindles and spin long shaped fibre at a speed from 6 to 8
thousand revolutions, the speed varying according to the nature of the fibre, thus
producing nearly three times as much smooth yarn as can be obtained by fly
spinning.

page_text: -In-the-accompanying-Drawings-Figure-1-represents-an-end-view-of-the-driving-
end of a spinning frame, the driving shaft being connected to the cylinder shaft by
means of gearing; part of the frame end is removed in order to show the spindles,
caps, and bobbins; Figure 2 is a front elevation shewing the lifter arrangements;
the remaining Figures are enlarged details; Figure 3 is an elevation of the top
portion of a spindle; the cap, bobbin, and tube are shewn in section; Figure 4 is
a view of a portion of the frame end at the opposite end of machine to that
illustrated in Figuro 1, and shews our arrangement for raising the cylinder;
Figure 5 is a side view of the same; Figure 6 is a detail of the links connecting
the driving shaft with the cylinder shaft when gearing is used; and Figure 7 is a
view of the links when belting or rope is used to transmit motion from one shaft:
to the other.
According to our arrangement of cap spinning we form the bobbin A conical, and
when placed on the tube the head B is within the cap C, the lifter plate D being
at the bottom of the traverse. On commencing to spin the yarn is built on to the
bobbins at the top near to the head B instead of at the bottom as hitherto. Thus
as the bobbin becomes filled with yarn it is lifted up inside the cap, which is
effected by reversing the lifter motion E. This is accomplished by placing the
pinion F near to the point of the screw shaft G, and reversing the motion of the
said screw, so that in place of the lifter plate lowering it is raised, building the yarn
on to the bobbin from the top downwards. By so building on to the bobbin the
yarn spun on to the same is in a great measure protected from the atmosphere.
When the yarn is exposed as in ordinary cap spinning, and revolving at a high rate
of speed, "fly" and smuts collect on the same, and the fibre is unlaid, causing the
yarn to become rough, "starey," and spotted.
In order to run the bobbins the full length of the traverse at an uniform speed
in relation to the other parts of the machine driven with gearing, and to obtain the
same twist and smoothness in the yarn throughout, we raise the cylinder H at such
a speed that the centre of the cylinder retains the same relative position in height
to the tube wharls J as they are raised by the lifter plate D, by which means the
bands J practically keep at the same tension the full length of the traverse; this
we accomplish as follows:-
The cylinder H is mounted in journals formed in cross bars K, which are free to
move in vertical slides secured to each end of frame. At the underside of each of
these cross bars we secure a toothed rack K¹, into which is geared a pinion L,

page_text: mounted on a suitable stud and secured to the intermediate change wheel hereafter
described. Motion to these pinions is obtained from worm M, secured on lifter
shaft N, which is in connection with each lifter motion, and which is actuated in
the usual manner. The worm M gears into worm wheel M', which is free to
revolve on shaft N¹, and has a catch box formed on one side, into which is geared
a similar but sliding catch box O, mounted on the said shaft N¹, having a feather
therein so as to turn with the shaft while it can be slided on the shaft in or out of
gear with the worm wheel.
The shaft N' extends the length of the frame, and near to each end of the said
shaft we secure a change wheel Q which gears into an intermediate wheel R before
mentioned, each wheel being secured to a pinion L gearing into racks K¹; thus a
vertical motion to the cylinder H is given by means of revolving worm M through
the change wheels and pinions described.
The speed at which the cylinder is raised will require to be varied according to
the thickness of yarn being spun; this is obtained by altering the change wheels.
When it is desired to lower the cylinder the sliding catch box O is slid out of
gear with worm wheel by means of an ordinary forked lever in connection with
groove P, leaving shaft N₁ free to turn by hand wheel S.
In case of spinning on tubes the racks are firmly secured to the cross bars K, but
when bobbins are used the racks K¹ are arranged with slot holes through which
the screws pass for attaching the said racks to the cross bars. When the cylinder H
is rising, the stops K² are in contact with the cross bars, but when lowered to the
bottom ready for beginning to spin on to a new series of bobbins, the said stops are
a little below the cross bars, such a distance that the requisite amount of yarn is
built on to the bobbin near the head before the cylinder begins to be raised.
Motion to the cylinder H is communicated from main shaft T either by means of
spur gearing or by an endless rope or belt. When gearing is employed we secure
spur wheels T and T2 (see Figure 1) on shaft T and cylinder shaft H', connecting
them by intermediate wheel T3, which is mounted on a stud that also passes
through the jointed portions of links U and U'. The other ends of the links are
mounted centrally with the respective shafts T and cylinder shaft H¹, and the
distance from the centre of the stud on which wheel T' revolves is equal from the
centre of the respective shafts T and H, by which means the wheels remain
the same depth in gear the full length of the traverse.
When an endless rope or belt is employed the links U and U³ are fixed centrally
with the shafts as before mentioned, but they are of different lengths; the bottom
Link U³ is extended beyond the joint V such a distance that the pulley revolving
on a stud W near the end of bottom lever will rise at such a rate that the rope or
belt will have the same tension in every part of the traverse.
By virtue of the increased speed at which cap tubes can be run above that of fly
spindles we increase the production of yarn in proportion to the increase of speed
at which the tubes are run over that of fly spindles, enabling us by our arrange-
ment to produce more than double the quantity of yarn, equal in quality to yarn
spun by the fly spindles, and in addition by raising the cylinder in unison with the
lifter plate we can use bobbins or tubes much longer than can be used by the
ordinary method of cap spinning, the tension of the bands remaining the same
throughout the length of the traverse.
We wish it to be understood that our improvement is also applicable for spinning
Botany and other fine yarns, and for doubling and twisting frames.
What we claim as our Invention is,―
The arrangement of the several parts of mechanism for raising the cylinder H,
substantially in the manner described and as illustrated by the accompanying
Drawings.
The arrangement of the several parts of mechanism for communicating motion
from driving shaft T to the cylinder shaft H¹, substantially in the manner described,
and as illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: The combination of the various parts, substantially for the purpose and in the
manner described, and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jennings, for and on behalf of
myself and the said Thomas Whitaker, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Fifteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One.thousand
eight hundred and eighty-one.
W JENNINGS.. (L.S.)