Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 6th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1890-Accepted 31st May, 1890
THUVIDIUNAL DE MOIFICATION
Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
We, HEINRICH JÜRGEN ERNST JENSEN, and EDWARD FERDINAND GUSTAV BUSCH,
both of No. 1, Rödingsmarkt, Hamburg, in the German Empire, Manufacturers, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to improvements in cleaning off the surfaces of the drums of
filtering apparatus, and to the construction of the body of such drums, as well as to
the method of fixing the porous cover upon which the actual filtering material is
attached. The subject matter of the present invention is particularly applicable to the
filtering apparatus described in the specification of Letters Patent No. 56691886
The class of filtering apparatus described in the said specification consists of a
number of drums mounted upon a hollow shaft which is journalled within a casing and
serves to convey the liquid filtered by passing from the exterior into the interior of
the said filtering drums outside the casing. As these drums are either made of
porous material, such as burned clay or the like, or after the manner of sieves or
screens, with mineral or vegetable fibres, such as asbestos or cellulose, adapted to act
as filtering material on the outside, the latter needs to be periodically renewed and the
porous surface of the said drums cleaned.
For this reason, the drums with their hollow shaft are adapted to be rotated from
the outside of the filter-case; and a number of tubes adapted to discharge water or
equivalent cleansing liquid in fine jets against the fitering surfaces are placed in
front of the drums, in such a manner that the said liquid shall meet the filtering:
surfaces at an acute angle, and preferably in a direction opposite to that of their
rotation.
This cleansing of the surfaces of the filtering drums by means of a cleansing liquid
may be employed in filtering apparatus by itself or in conjunction with brushes, and
in this latter case we preferably employ cylindrica! brushes mounted upon the said
tubes and adapted to be rotated around the same. The brush-stocks are tubular, and
provided with perforations corresponding with those of the aforesaid cleaning tubes,
so that the cleansing liquid shall be distributed through the opening of the brush-
stocks between the knots to the filtering surfaces of the drums, while at the same time
the brushes are rotated from the drum shaft.
When the filtering drums are to be made of solid porous material, such as burnt
clay, we prefer to make them of two parts tightly connected at their outer circum-
ference, but provided on their inner surfaces with a sufficient number of annular and
radial, or nearly radial, grooves, for the purpose of the more easily and uniformly
conducting the filtered liquid into the hollow shaft or discharge pipe upon which
the discs are mounted. If it is however preferred to use a woven fabric, or wire
gauze, as a support for the vegetable or mineral filtering fibres, we construct the body
of the filtering drums in the form of a grate composed of annular and radial bars or
of corrugated sheets of any suitable material. The said corrugations radiate from the
centre of the drum in order to conduct the filtered liquid into the said perforated
hollow shaft. The compartments formed by the said grating communicate with each
other and with the perforations of the said hollow shafts by holes or canals formed in
the annular as well as the radial bars of the grating. The woven fabric or wire gauze
will then be fastened to the body of the drums by means of two rings put over the
said woven fabric or wire gauze from both ends of the drums, and kept together by
screw bolts or other equivalent devices.
שית
1
TI 1000
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicants,

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Filtering Apparatus.
We, HEINRICH JÜRGEN ERNST JENSEN, and EDWARD FERDINAND GUSTAV BUSCH,
both of No. 1, Rödingsmarkt, Hamburg, Germany, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in cleaning off the surfaces of the drums of
filtering apparatus, and to the construction of the body of such drums, as well as to
the methods of fixing to the same the porous cover to which the actual filtering
material is attached. The subject matter of the present invention is particularly
applicable to that class of filtering apparatus described in the Specification of Letters
Patent No. 566988.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal; and
Fig. 2, a cross section of the improved filtering apparatus showing the cleaning
device of the filtering drums.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal; and
Fig. 4, a cross section of a part of the casing, showing a modification of the
cleaning device.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section on an enlarged scale of the cleaning device used in the
modification illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section; and
Fig. 7, a cross section of the filtering apparatus provided with a further modified:
cleaning device.
Figs. 8, 9, and 10 are, respectively, two side elevations, and a cross section on the
line xa of Fig. 8, of rotating wings used in the modification represented by Figs. 6
and 7, and adapted to agitate the water or other liquid for washing off the filtering
drums.
Fig. 11 represents a filtering drum with partly removed porous cover upon which
the actual filtering material is to be placed.
Fig. 12 is a cross section of a filtering drum.
Fig. 13 represents a part of Fig. 12 on an enlarged scale.
Figs. 14 and 15 are, respectively, a front elevation and cross section of a slightly
modified body of a filtering drum.
Fig. 16 is a front elevation of one half of a filtering drum made of burnt clay or
similar porous material; and
Fig. 17 is a cross section of a filtering drum of the type illustrated in Fig. 16.
The class of filtering apparatus hereinbefore referred to, consists of a number of
drums b mounted upon a hollow shaft d, which is journalled within a casing, and
serves to convey the liquid filtered by passing from the exterior to the interior of
the said filtering drums.
As these drums are either made of porous material such as burned clay or the like,
or after the manner of sieves or screens, with mineral or vegetable fibres, such as
asbestos or cellulose, adapted to act as filtering material, on the outside, the latter
needs to be renewed from time to time; and the porous surface of the said drums to
be cleaned.
For this reason, the filtering drums 6 with their hollow shaft & are adapted to be
rotated from the outside of the filter case a, and a number of tubes pl, adapted to
discharge water, or equivalent cleansing liquid, in fine jets against the filtering surfaces,
are placed in front of the drums, in such manner that the said liquid shall meet the
filtering surfaces at an acute angle, and preferably in a direction opposite to that of
their rotation, as indicated by arrows in Figs. 1 and 2. The said cleansing tubes p
are connected inside the casing a to a tube p, in which is placed a revolving tube p³
extending through a stuffing-box p³ beyond the cover a* of the casing a. This inner
țulie p³ is provided with a number of passages p° corresponding with the mouths of

page_text: the tubes p¹ in the tube p; but these passages
are so arranged in the wall of the
tube p², that, in a certain position of the latter, the cleansing liquid will be discharged
only to a limited number or part of cleansing tubes p¹. This is for the purpose of
ensuring a uniform distribution of the liquid over the surfaces of the filtering drums,
without considerably reducing the pressure and velocity of the discharged liquid, a
contingency which might happen, if, in case of a reduced pressure in the supply pipe,
the cleansing liquid should be distributed simultaneously over the entire filtering
surface of the apparatus. The position of the tube p² which acts after the manner of
a valve or cock, is adjusted by means of a crank handle q.
The
This cleansing of the surfaces of the filtering drums by means of a cleansing liquid
may be employed in filtering apparatus by itself, or in conjunction with brushes, and
in this latter case we preferably employ cylindrical brushes i (Figs. 3 and 5) mounted
upon the said perforated tubes p₁ and adapted to be rotated around the same.
brush-stocks are tubular, and provided with perforations corresponding with those of
the aforesaid cleaning tubes p¹, so that the cleansing liquid shall be distributed
through the openings of the brush-stocks between the knots, to the filtering surfaces
of the drums b, while at the same time the brushes i are rotated from the drum
shaft d, e.g., through the medium of the gearing 1, land a chain and chain-
wheels m, m', m² and m× (Figs. 3 and 4).
3'
Instead of the foregoing arrangement in which a particular conducting device for
applying the cleansing liquid to the surfaces of the filtering drums is required, we are
accustomed in some cases to employ, for cleansing purposes, the liquid contained in
the casing a or specially supplied thereto through the pipe a!. This is done by
throwing the liquid at an acute angle against the filtering surfaces by the aid of the
devices illustrated in Figs. 8 to 10. In the filtering apparatus, Figs. 6 and 7, a is
the casing wherein the filtering drums b are arranged on the hollow shaft d extending
beyond the cover of the casing; and, serving as a discharge pipe, in front of the
actual filtering faces of the drums b, a number of wings or blades w attached to a
rotated frame 9 (which latter is secured to the hollow shaft d by means of the discs
or arms ¹) are adapted to agitate the cleansing liquid contained in the vessel a, in
such a manner that at a certain direction of rotation of the wings, the cleansing
liquid is thrown at an acute angle against the filtering surfaces. For this purpose,
the wings we may be so arranged that the one part of them is adjusted to agitate the
cleansing liquid for washing off the one side, and the other part for cleaning the
opposite surface of the filtering drums; or each wing or blade w may be formed in
such a manner, that, at a certain direction of rotation of the frame 77', one half of
the surface of the wings will throw the cleansing fluid to one side, and the other half
In this latter case it will
to the opposite side, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 6.
be required to reverse the direction of the corresponding surfaces of the wings on one
side of the frame towards those of the opposite side q so that, e.g. the halves of the
wings next to the frame will throw the liquid against the outer annular part of both
adjacent filtering surfaces, and the halves of the wings next to the axis of rotation
will throw the liquid against the corresponding inner annular surfaces of the relative
filtering drums.
In this manner, a proper cleansing of the filtering bed upon the cover of the
filtering drums and a more effectual cleaning of the filtering surfaces are obtained
than heretofore.
In some cases, we provide either the ends of the wings w extending beyond the
circumference of the filtering drums, or the frame to which the wings are attached,
with an inclined projection w, which, on rotation of the wings, will serve as deflector
for the cleansing liquid in such a manner, that the direction of the latter obtained from
the centrifugal force will be diverted against the periphery of the drums, whereby a
more perfect separation of the filtering-layer (fibres of asbestos or cellulose) from the
outer border of the filtering drums will be effected.
As, for the purpose of performing the described cleansing of the filtering surfaces,
the vessel or casing a only needs to be partly filled with the cleansing fluid, we

page_text: •
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preferably impart a proportionally slow rotating motion to the filtering drums,
simultaneously with, but contrary to that of the wings, as indicated by arrows in
Fig. 7.
For this reason,
we employ an intermediate gearing consisting of the
wheels qqqqq6, of which the wheels q² q* are attached to the shaft do extending
through a stuffing box dx on the cover ax of the vessel a of the filtering drums;
while the wheel g³ is connected to the shaft d of the latter, and the wheel q' to the arm
or disc 1 of the frame 9 g'. Motion is then imparted by a crank, or other mechanical
means, from the wheel q to the wheel q³ upon the shaft d whereby the drums bare
rotated in one direction; and from the wheel q, by means of the intermediate gear 9,
transmitted to the wheel 9 of the arm or disc, whereby the frame 9 9' with the
wings w is rotated in the opposite direction to the drums as desired.
In Fig. 6 of the drawings, one half of the number of wings wo with their frame q q¹
is represented as being set at above 90° towards the other half, in order to better
demonstrate the formation and action of the wings. In practice, however, it might
be sufficient to arrange the wings altogether in the same plane.
When the filtering drums are to be made of woven fabric or wire gauze cas
support to the vegetable or mineral filtering fibres to be deposited thereon, we
construct the body of the filtering drums 6 in the form of a grate (Figs. 11 to 13)
composed of annular and radial bars 4, 5, or of corrugated sheets of any suitablé
material (Figs. 14 and 15). The said corrugations radiate from the centre of the
drum in order to conduct the filtered liquid into the perforated hollow shaft d. and
the corrugated surface may be composed of two or more annular corrugated sheets
separated by a corresponding number of plain rings 62, which have to be provided,
as well as the hub b₁ of the drums, with radially bored passages 60 corresponding with
the radial corrugations of the surrounding annular sheets, in order to satisfactorily
conduct the filtered liquid into the hollow shaft d. The compartments formed by the
said grating communicate with each other and with the perforations of the hollow
shaft or discharge pipe d by holes or canals 6° formed in the annular, as well as in
the radial, bars of the grating.
The woven fabric or wire gauze c supporting the actual filtering fibres will be
fastened to the body of the drums by means of two rings c³, c, put over the said
woven fabric or wire gauze from both ends of the drums, and bearing against
the outer rim 68 of the same. These rings are provided with suitable annular
cavities for the reception of the packing rings c, c, c, and clamped together by the
aid of screw-bolts and the projecting rims on the outer periphery of the
rings which are adapted to cause the rings c, c, to converge at the outer rim of
the body of the drum under the action of the screw-bolts c, in order to more easily
produce a tight joint at the outer circumference of the drums.
clo
'
When the filtering drums are to be made of solid porous material, such as burnt
clay, we prefer to make them of two parts ƒ and g (Figs. 16 and 17) tightly
connected together at their outer circumference at h, but provided at their inner
surfaces with a sufficient number of annular and radial or nearly radial grooves h¹, h³,
respectively, for the purpose of the more easily and uniformly conducting the filtered
liquid unto the hollow shaft or discharge pipe d.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claiin is;
1. In a filter, the combination with a central shaft, and a series of filtering
drums secured thereto, of a series of rinsing tubes adapted to discharge at an
acute angle the cleansing liquid in fine jets against the filtering surfaces, substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In a filter, the combination with a central shaft, and one or
drums secured thereto, of a series of rinsing tubes adapted to discharge at an
more filtering
acute angle the cleansing liquid against the filtering surfaces, and connected to a

page_text: common tube at the interior of which a revolving tube with passages corresponding
with the mouths of the rinsing tubes is placed, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
3. In a filter, the combination with a central shaft, and one or more filtering
drums secured thereto, of a series of rinsing tubes adapted to discharge a cleansing
liquid against the filtering surfaces and provided with cylindrical brushes rotating
thereon, the stock of the latter having holes corresponding with those of the
rinsing tubes, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
4. In a filter, the combination with a central shaft and one or more filtering
drums secured thereto, of a series of revolving wings w having their inner ends
loosely secured to said shaft and provided with oppositely projecting flanges,
substantially as set forth.
5. In a filter, the combination with a central shaft and one or more filtering
drums secured thereto, of a revolving frame, and a series of wings w secured at
their outer ends to said frame and having their inner ends loose on said shaft
and provided with oppositely projecting flanges, substantially as set forth.
6. In a filter, the combination of a central revolving hollow shaft having
perforations therein, one or more filtering drums secured thereto and having
passages communicating with said shaft, and a series of revolving wings located
between said drums aud designed to move in opposite directions thereto, substan-
tially as set forth.
7. In a filter, the combination of a central revolving hollow shaft having
perforations therein and one or more filtering drums secured thereon and having
passages communicating with said shaft, a revolving frame, and a series of wings
secured to said frame at their outer ends and provided with oppositely projecting
flanges, substantially as set forth.
8. In a filter having a hollow central shaft and one or more filtering drums
secured thereto, a body for supporting the woven fabric or wire gauze of the
filtering drums, composed of annular and radial bars which are provided with
holes or canals to conduct the filtered liquid into the hollow shaft, substantially as
specified.
9. In a filter having a hollow shaft and one or more filtering drums secured
thereto, the body of the latter consisting of corrugated sheets for supporting a
woven fabric or wire gauze, whereupon the filtering fibres are deposited, the said
corrugations radiating from the centre of the drum, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
10. In a filter having a hollow shaft and one or more filtering drums secured
thereto, the combination of the body of the said drum or drums, the woven
fabric or wire gauze, for supporting the actual filtering fibres, and the outer clamping
ring provided with cavities for the reception of suitable packing rings and kept
together by screw bolts or the like, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 3rd day of April 1890.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C., Agents.