IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING ROOTS AND OTHER VEGETABLES
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bernhard Samuelson, of Banbury, in the County
of Oxford, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CUTTING
ROOTS AND OTHER VEGETABLES."
Sealed the 29th July 1859, and dated the 28th May 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bernhard Samuelson at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th May 1859.
I, BERNHARD SAMUELSON, of Banbury, in the County of Oxford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES
FOR CUTTING ROOTS AND OTHER VEGETABLES," to be as follows:-
In a former Patent for improvements in machines for cutting roots, applicable
more especially to those known as Gardner's turnip cutters, I provided
openings in the plate against which the roots rest whilst being cut, through
which openings the dirt detached from such roots and small chippings pass,
instead of being mixed with the cut pieces. But I find that some dirt, stones,
and chippings pass through the knives of Gardner's and other cylinder root
cutters with hollow knives, to the interior of the barrel, and so become mixed'
amongst the useful pieces; some dirt will also adhere to the cut roots, all of
which has a tendency to produce scouring in the animals consuming the
roots.
Now my present Invention consists in making the spout or hopper from
which the cut roots are ultimately discharged, with a fixed or vibrating screen
or screens, instead of solid, as heretofore; and they, that is the screens, may,
if desirable, be made longer than the spout hitherto used, and I fix or suspend
the said screens so that the pieces of a proper shape for consumption shall pass

page_text: along the surface, whilst the dirt and chippings fall through the openings.
I prefer to make the screens with bars sharp at the edges, so as to abrade any
dirt not previously detached from the roots.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Bernhard Samuelson in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th November 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BERNHARD
SAMUELSON, of the Britannia Works, Banbury, in the County of Oxford, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year
of. Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Bernhard Samuelson, Her special licence that I, the said Bernhard
Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Bernhard Samuelson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR CUTTING ROOTS AND OTHER VEGETABLES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Bernhard Samuelson, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Bernhard Samuelson do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say:-
In a former Patent for improvements in machines for cutting roots, applicable
more especially to those known as "Gardner's Turnip Cutters," I provided
openings in the plate against which the roots rest whilst being cut, through
which openings the dirt detached from such roots, and small chippings pass,

page_text: instead of being mixed with the cut pieces; but I find that some dirt, stones,
and chippings pass through the knives and cylinders of Gardner's and other
cylinder root cutters with hollow knives, to the interior of the barrel, and so
become mixed amongst the useful pieces; some dirt will also adhere to the
cut roots, all of which has a tendency to produce scouring in the animals
consuming the roots.
Now, my present Invention consists in making the spout or hopper from
which the cut roots are ultimately discharged, with a fixed or vibrating screen
or screens instead of solid as heretofore, and they (that is the screens) may if
desirable be made longer than the spout hitherto used, and I fix or suspend
the said screens so that the pieces of a proper shape for consumption shall pass
along the surface, whilst the dirt and chippings fall through the openings. I
prefer to make the screens with bars sharp at the edges, so as to abrade any
dirt, not previously detached, from the roots.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 an
end view of Gardner's turnip cutter, with portions of the framing removed to
show the cutting cylinder. A is the frame or stand; B and C are the hoppers
for receiving the roots which are to be cut, and enclosing the cylinder; D is
the cylinder or barrel, with knives or cutters a fixed on its periphery; this
cylinder revolves with its axle c in the bearings d; F is the screen on to
which the cut pieces of root fall as they are discharged from the lowe; part of
the cylinder at E.
Having now described my Invention and its application, I would have it
understood, that what I claim as my Invention is the fixing or suspending a
screen or screens to turnip cutters, so as to serve the purpose herein-before
mentioned.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bernhard Samuelson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
BERNHARD SAMUELSON. (L.S.)