CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, AND Tow
Year: 1842

page_text: JARMAN, COOK, AND WORDSWORTH'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
JARMAN, of Leeds, in the County of York, Flax and Cotton Spinner, ROBERT
Cook, of Hathersage, in the County of Derby, Heckle and Needle Manufac-
turer, and JOSHUA WORDSWORTH, of Leeds aforesaid, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourteenth day of February, in the fifth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
George Jarman, Robert Cook, and Joshua Wordsworth, Her especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said George Jarman,
Robert Cook, and Joshua Wordsworth, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as we, the said George Jarman, Robert Cook, and
Joshua Wordsworth, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING
FLAX, HEMP, AND Tow;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso,
obliging us, the said George Jarman, Robert Cook, and Joshua Wordsworth,

page_text: by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the
same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will
tuore fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, tho said
George Jarman and Joshun Wordsworth, on behalf of ourselves and of the
said Robert Cook, do hereby declare that tho nature of our said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being
had to the Drawings hereunto-annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say):-
Our improvements in machinery for spinning flax, hemp, and tow consist
in certain novel arrangements or constructions of the drawing apparatus for
flax spinning machinery, by means of which the drawing out or extension of
the rovings or yarns is performed by two or more distinct sets of holding and
drawing rollers, and not by a progressive series of drawing rollers, as in cotton
spinning machinery. This object may be effected by various modifications of
mechanism, but that which we have found to answer the purpose best is shewn
in the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 representing an elevation of part of the
front of a drawing and spinning machine or throstlo frame constructed on our
improved plan; and Fig. 2, a sectional elevation of the samo, taken transversely
through the machine, or at a right angle to the front view. A longitudinal
bar of iron a, called the beam, extends along the frame behind the rollers,
which beam is firmly affixed to the end standards of the framework, and is
otherwise supported in the usual way. b, b, b, are a series of brackets affixed
to the beam a, which brackets constituto the stands that support the lower
rollers. Sliding picces c are attached to the several stands, forming bearings
for carrying the shaft of the first under rollers d, and are each capable of
adjustment by means of a screw below, for the purpose of regulating the
position of the first rollers, and thereby determining the length of reach or
draft between them and the second under rollers e, the shaft of which turns in
stationary bearings in the brackets or stands b. The shaft of the third or front
series of under rollers is shewn at f, turning also in stationary bearings in tho
stands b. The ordinary mode of driving the rollers is by communicating the
first moving power to the shaft of the front under roller f, the reverso cud of

page_text: which shaft has a pinion taking into a wheel turning loosely upon a stud Y
mounted upon the end standard. Affixed to this wheel is a pinion a, which
takes into a wheel w on the end of the shaft of the under roller e, and hence
drives that roller with a diminished speed. The other end of the shaft e has a
pinion taking into a siniilar stud wheel, which communicate through a pinion
on the shaft da further diminished speed to the first or back tinder roller d.
The upper or pressing rollers 9 and h are held in contact with the peripherics
of the under rollers & and e by a saddle bar t, and the other pressing rollers i
and are held in contact with the peripheries of the under rollers e and ƒ by a
saddle bar r, which is pressed upon by a clamp 2. These saddle bars and
clamp are held down by screwed nuts upon the lever bolts n, n, which lever
bolts are connected by joints to a swivel piece p; to the middle of this swivel
piece p a link o is attached by a joint, the reverse end of which link is in like
manner connected to the shorter arm of a bent lever m. This lever m hangs
upon a fulerum pin in a bracket affixed to the beam a, and by a moveable
weight being suspended from the longer arm of the lever m, the link o
and piece p will be drawn back, and the nuts u, u, when screwed up on the
lever bolts n, n, will be made to press the saddle bars and clamp t, r, and q,
with considerable force against the axles of the upper or pressing rollers g, h, i,
and k, thereby causing those pressing rollers to nip and hold the fibres of the
rovings between them and the under rollers with any required force, according
to the position of the weight. In order to regulate the pressure of the saddle
bart upon the rollers, that is, to cause it to bear more or less upon the axle of
either of the rollers g or h, a washer is placed upon the upper lever bolt »,
beneath the nut u, which washer has a tooth on its lower edge that may be
inserted into either of the notches at the back of the saddle bar t, and thereby
throw the pressure more or less upon either of the pressing rollers g or h, as
may be required. With a similar object the clamp q is placed upon the lower
lever bolt n, bearing against the saddle bar r, and this clamp is forced up by
screwing the nut u on the lever bolt, the greater or less pressure upon either
of the rollers i ork being regulated by shifting the bearing of the clamp into
either of the several notches in the back of the saddle bar r.
The construction and arrangement of the essential parts of our improved
drawing apparatus as applied to a throstle frame having been now described,
we proceed to shew its mode of operating upon the rovings of flax, hemp, or
tow, for the purpose of elongating or drawing out their fibres :-The rovings
being placed upon spools or bobbins in a creel behind the rollers as usual, they
are severally drawn off and conducted through a trough of water, and being

page_text: led through notches in a guide plate, shewn at j, in the section, Fig. 2, each
roving is thence passed between the first pair of rollers d, g. The roving being
led onward, next proceeds between the second pair of rollers c, h, which rollers,
moving with a greater speed than the preceding pair, necessarily draw out the
fibres of the material, extending the length and reducing the substance of tho
roving. The difference of speed between these two pair of rollers cause d, g,
to hold or partially retain the roving whilst the rollers e, h, draw or elongato
it, and the space between them is called the reach, the length of which, as
before said, may be varied by shifting the situation of the sliding piece c. After
this first operation of drawing has been effected, the roving passes onward
between the rollers e, i, the roller i revolving at the same speed as the rollers
e, h, consequently there will be no drawing operation or elongation of the
fibres of the roving between the rollers h and i, but the rollers e, i, will become
partially retaining rollers for the next pair of drawing rollers f,k. The rotary
speed of the rollers f, k, as before said, is greater than that of the rollers e, i,
therefore a further extension or drawing out of the fibres of the roving will
take place in the reach between the rollers e, i, and f, k, which may be con-
sidered to have completed the elongation or drawing out of the fibres of the
roving, and it may then proceed in its thin or refined state through a guide to
the spindle and flyer below, by which in the ordinary way it may be twisted or
spun into yarn. Wo have found it useful to place upon the upper part of the
spindle a disc v, for the purpose of keeping off the yarn from the upper edgo
of the bobbin, which we believe has never before. been so applied.
Having now explained the features of our improvements in machinery for
spinning flax, hemp, and tow, we desire it to be understood that we do not
intend to confine ourselves to the precise form or arrangement of the drawing
apparatus as represented in connection with a throstle frame in the Figures of
the accompanying Drawings; but we claim the introduction of a distinct
retaining roller or rollers after the first reach of the drawing apparatus, instead
of continuing uninterruptedly the process of progressive drawing, as by the old
system of drawing rollers.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Jarman and Joshua Words-
worth, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of
August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
forty-two.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Tenth day of August, in
the year above mentioned, the aforesaid George Jarman and Joshua Words-
worth came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged
the Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.