IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Eastwood, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
HEATING WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR
Sealed the 7th March 1871, and dated the 8th September 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Eastwood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
Sth September 1870.
I, JAMES EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,
AND FOR AN IMPROVED VACUUM VALVE TO PREVENT COLLAPSE," to be as
follows:-
In one arrangement I place the flue leading to the chimney two
O concentric pipes with a space between them and water-tight ends, the
outer pipe being connected to a pipe for supplying cold water by means

page_text: of a pump or a high-pressure main, and another pipe leading to a pump
or other feeding apparatus for supplying the boiler, and when the fuel in
the furnace is burning the surplus heated air and gases passing through
the flue heat the feed water.
To prevent soot and dust accumulating in the interior of the inner
pipe, I place within it a coarse pitched screw or metallic brush, which is
caused to revolve slowly by means of a worm and worm wheel worked
from any suitable driving shaft in proximity with the boiler, so as to
scrape and remove the deposit to the end of the flue nearest the chimney,
the draught through which will carry it away.
In another arrangement I form spaces at the ends of the concentric
pipes communicating by radial pipes with hollow trunnions working in
pedestals fixed to the bottom of the flue, the cavity of one trunnion
communicating with the cold water supply and the other with the feed
In contact with the outer pipe there are chains or plates to act as
scrapers when the pipes are caused to revolve to prevent the accumu-
lation of deposit, and in the inner tube there is a loose chain at the
bottom for the same purpose.
My improved vacuum valve is acted upon by a spring to keep it below
passages leading to the interior of the boiler or other vessel when the
internal pressure is equal to or less than the pressure of the atmosphere,
and thereby give additional security against the danger of collapse, and
when the pressure in the vessel exceeds that of the atmosphere and
spring the valve is effectually closed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Eastwood in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th March 1871.
avv
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EASTWOOD, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
111

page_text: fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Eastwood, Her special license
that I, the said James Eastwood, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Eastwood, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING WATER FOR STEAM BOILERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,
AND FOR AN IMPROVED VACUUM VALVE TO PREVENT COLLAPSE," upon the con-
dition, amongst others, that I, the said James Eastwood, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Eastwood, do hereby
declare my nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
figures on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of
reference marked thereon, that is to say :-
For heating the feed water of horizontal and vertical boilers I employ
two concentric pipes with a space between them and water-tight ends
to form a heating chamber, the inner pipe being used as a flue to the
chimney. The outer pipe has two holes or passages, one communicating
with a pipe for supplying cold water by means of a pump or a high-
pressure main to the heating chamber, and the other communicating
with a pipe for feeding the boiler, and when the fuel in the furnace is
burning the surplus heated air and gases passing through the inner pipe
or flue heat the water in the chamber before it passes to the boiler.
In horizontal boilers I prevent the soot and dust accumulating in the
interior of the inner pipe or flue by placing within it a circular scraper
or metallic brush moved to and fro by any well-known traversing motion
worked by toothed or other gearing from any suitable driving shaft in

page_text: proximity with the boiler, so as to scrape and remove the deposit to a
receptacle at each end of the inner pipe or flue.
My improved vacuum valve is acted upon by a spring to keep it below
passages leading to the interior of the boiler or other vessel when the
internal pressure is equal to or less than the pressure of the atmosphere,
and thereby give additional security against the danger of collapse, and
when the pressure in the boiler or vessel exceeds that of the atmosphere
and spring, the valve is effectively closed.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is a longitudinal
section representing one arrangement of heating apparatus for a hori-
zontal boiler and a circular scraper for cleaning the inner pipe or flue;
Fig. 2, a cross section of the scraper flue and water chamber; Fig. 3, a
section of a vertical boiler with a heating apparatus formed of concentric
pipes; Fig. 4, an outside view representing a modification of Fig. 1,
and Fig. 5 is an outside view, and Fig. 6 a section of my improved
vacuum valve..
In Fig. 1 a represents part of the boiler; b, c, the two concentric
pipes; d, the water-tight ends; e, the water chamber; f, the safety
valve; g, the vacuum valve, and h, the circular scraper. The cold water
is supplied to the chamber through the pipe k, and the heated water
passes from the chamber to the boiler through the pipe l, to which is
connected the pipe m for supplying heated water for any purpose when
the supply is shut off from the boiler, there being taps n, o, which are
opened and shut as required. The scraper h, Figs. 1 and 2, is moved
to and fro longitudinally by a screw p working in a nut in the centre,
the screw being made to revolve alternately by the gearing q, or in any
other manner, so that the scraper shall move from one end of the flue to
the other, and push the soot and dirt into the receptacles ». Or instead
of the traversing scraper or metallic brush, I place on the shaft pro-
jecting arms with blades which are caused to revolve by similar gearing
to that shewn in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 3, s represents the vertical boiler; t, u, the concentric pipes;
o, the water-tight ends, and w, the water chamber; the inner pipe u
forms part of the chimney, and in it there is a pipe x for the passage
of exhaust steam from the engine, so that the inner pipe shall be
always kept clean. The cold water is supplied to the chamber by
pipes y, z, and the heated water passes to the boiler or other receptacle

page_text: through the pipes a', b', there being taps c, d, which are opened and
shut as required, and to prevent danger there is an overflow pipe e¹ and
a safety valve ƒ¹.
In Fig. 4, the concentric pipes and water chamber are similar to those
shewn in Fig. 1, but to the top of the water chamber is fixed the pipe h¹
communicating with the top of the boiler, and to the bottom of the
chamber is fixed the pipe k¹ communicating with the bottom of the
boiler, there being taps P, m³, which can be opened and closed as
required, and to the pipe ¹ are fixed pipes n', o', provided with taps p¹, q'.
The cold water is supplied by an inlet pipe at the back end of the water
chamber, there being an overflow pipe and safety valve, as in Fig. 3;
but when required the inlet pipe is closed, and the water supplied from
the boiler to the water chamber through the pipe, the tap m¹ being
opened for the purpose, and when the tap is opened, superheated water
passes to the boiler through the pipe . When the water is to be used
for warming buildings or other purposes, the tap is closed, and either
the tap-p or the tap q' opened as required.
In Figs. 5 and 6, representing my improved vacuum valve, the spring
is marked 8', the valve t, the valve seating u², and the valve box v¹. In
the top of the box there are holes w¹, and at the bottom holes x¹, and
when the pressure in the boiler or vessel is less than the pressure of the
atmosphere the valve is below the seating, as shewn in Fig. 6, and air
passes through both sets of holes into the boiler or vessel, and it will be
seen that on the spindle of the valve there is a nut y¹ for preventing the
valve from going too low.
When desired instead of the circular scraper for cleansing the inner
pipe c, Fig. 1, I place within the pipe a coarse pitched screw of the
same diameter and length as the pipe, and cause the screw to revolve
by means of a worm and worm wheel or other suitable gearing, so as to
remove the deposit to the end nearest the chimney, the draft through
which will carry it away.
Having now described the nature. and particulars of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed,
I desire it to be understood that I claim the improvements in apparatus
for heating water for steam boilers and for other purposes, the improved
modes of cleaning the inner pipes or flues, and the improved vacuum

page_text: valve for preventing collapse, as all such improvements are herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Eastwood, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
JAMES EASTWOOD. (L.S.)